bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete and robust magnetic field confinement by superconductors in fusion magnets
Authors: Bort-Soldevila Natanael , Cunill-Subiranas Jaume , Sanchez Alvaro
Published: February 2024

The fusion created by magnetically confined plasma is a promising clean and essentially unlimited future energy source. However, there are important problems hindering controlled fusion like the imperfect magnetic confinement and the associated plasma instabilities. We theoretically demonstrate how to create a fully confined magnetic field with the precise three-dimensional shape required by fusion theory, using a bulk superconducting toroid with a toroidal cavity. The vacuum field in the cavity consists of nested flux surfaces. The coils creating the field, embedded in the superconducting bulk, can be chosen with very simple shapes, in contrast with the cumbersome arrangements in current experiments, and can be spared from large magnetic forces between them. Because of the superconductor properties, the system will tend to maintain the optimum field distribution in response to instabilities in the plasma. We numerically demonstrate how a fully-confined magnetic field with the three-dimensional spatial distribution required in two of the most advanced stellarators, Large Helical Device and Wendelstein 7-X, can be exactly generated, using simple round coils as magnetic sources. Current high-temperature superconductors can be employed to construct the bulk superconducting toroid. This can lead to optimized robust magnetic confinement and largely simplified configurations in future fusion experiments.
Twin vocal folds as a novel evolutionary adaptation for vocal communications in lemurs
Authors: Nakamura Kanta , Kanaya Mayuka , Matsushima Daisuke , Dunn Jacob C. , Hirabayashi Hideki , Sato Kiminori , Tokuda Isao T. , Nishimura Takeshi
Published: February 2024

Primates have varied vocal repertoires to communicate with conspecifics and sometimes other species. The larynx has a central role in vocal source generation, where a pair of vocal folds vibrates to modify the air flow. Here, we show that Madagascan lemurs have a unique additional pair of folds in the vestibular region, parallel to the vocal folds. The additional fold has a rigid body of a vocal muscle branch and it is covered by a stratified squamous epithelium, equal to those of the vocal fold. Such anatomical features support the hypothesis that it also vibrates in a manner like the vibrations that occur in the vocal folds. To examine the acoustic function of the two pairs of folds, we made a silicone compound model to demonstrate that they can simultaneously vibrate to lower the fundamental frequency and increase vocal efficiency. Similar acoustic effects are achieved using different features of the larynx for the other primates, e.g., by vibrating multiple sets of ventricular folds in several species and further by an evolutionary modification of enlarged larynx in howler monkeys. Our multidisciplinary approaches found that these functions were acquired through a unique evolutionary adaptation of the twin vocal folds in Madagascan lemurs.
A pivotal bridging study of lurbinectedin as second-line therapy in Chinese patients with small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cheng Ying , Wu Chunjiao , Wu Lin , Zhao Jun , Zhao Yanqiu , Chen Lulu , Xin Ying , Zhang Liang , Pan Pinhua , Li Xingya , Li Juan , Dong Xiaorong , Tang Ke , Gao Emei , Yu Fei
Published: February 2024

This single-arm, multi-center clinical trial aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, DLT, recommended dose (RD), preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetics (PK) characteristics of lurbinectedin, a selective inhibitor of oncogenic transcription, in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors, including relapsed SCLC. Patients with advanced solid tumors were recruited in the dose-escalation stage and received lurbinectedin in a 3 + 3 design (two cohorts: 2.5 mg/m2 and 3.2 mg/m2, IV, q3wk). The RD was expanded in the following dose-expansion stage, including relapsed SCLC patients after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoints included safety profile, tolerability, DLT, RD, and preliminary efficacy profile, while the secondary endpoints included PK characteristics. In the dose-escalation stage, ten patients were included, while one patient had DLT in the 3.2 mg/m2 cohort, which was also the RD for the dose-expansion stage. At cutoff (May 31, 2022), 22 SCLC patients were treated in the ongoing dose-expansion stage, and the median follow-up was 8.1 months (range 3.0–11.7). The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) included neutropenia (77.3%), leukopenia (63.6%), thrombocytopenia (40.9%), anemia (18.2%), and ALT increased (18.2%). The most common severe adverse events (SAEs) included neutropenia (27.3%), leukopenia (22.7%), thrombocytopenia (18.2%), and vomiting (9.1%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. The Independent Review Committee (IRC)-assessed ORR was 45.5% (95% CI 26.9–65.3). Lurbinectedin at the RD (3.2 mg/m2) showed manageable safety and acceptable tolerability in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors, and demonstrates promising efficacy in Chinese patients with SCLC as second-line therapy.

Trial registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04638491, 20/11/2020.
Concomitant training in robotic and laparoscopic liver resections of low-to-intermediate difficulty score: a retrospective analysis of the learning curve
Authors: Bernardi Lorenzo , Balzano Emanuele , Roesel Raffaello , Ghinolfi Davide , Vagelli Filippo , Menconi Giacomo , Petrusic Antonietta , Mongelli Francesco , Majno-Hurst Pietro , De Simone Paolo , Cristaudi Alessandra
Published: February 2024

In the setting of minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS), training in robotic liver resections (RLR) usually follows previous experience in laparoscopic liver resections (LLR). The aim of our study was to assess the learning curve of RLR in case of concomitant training with LLR. We analyzed consecutive RLRs and LLRs by a surgeon trained simultaneously in both techniques (Surg1); while a second surgeon trained only in LLRs was used as control (Surg2). A regression model was used to adjust for confounders and a Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) analysis was carried out to assess the learning phases according to operative time and difficulty of the procedures (IWATE score). Two-hundred-forty-five procedures were identified (RobSurg1, n = 75, LapSurg1, n = 102, LapSurg2, n = 68). Mean IWATE was 4.0, 4.3 and 5.8 (p < 0.001) in each group. The CUSUM analysis of the adjusted operative times estimated the learning phase in 40 cases (RobSurg1), 40 cases (LapSurg1), 48 cases (LapSurg2); for IWATE score it was 38 cases (RobSurg1), 33 cases (LapSurg1), 38 cases (LapSurg2) respectively. Our preliminary experience showed a similar learning curve of 40 cases for low and intermediate difficulty RLR and LLR. Concomitant training in both techniques was safe and may be a practical option for starting a MILS program.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the services provided by the Peruvian health system: an analysis of people with chronic diseases
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Bellido-Boza Luciana , Erazo Alfonso , Pariona-Cárdenas Max , Valdivia-Miranda Paul
Published: February 2024

During the pandemic, many individuals with chronic or infectious diseases other than COVID-19 were unable to receive the care they needed due to the high demand for respiratory care. Our study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on services provided to people with chronic diseases in Peru from 2016 to 2022. We performed a secondary database analysis of data registered by the comprehensive health insurance (SIS), the intangible solidarity health fund (FISSAL), and private healthcare institutions (EPS), using interrupted time series analysis. Our study identified 21,281,128 individual users who received care. The pooled analysis revealed an average decrease of 1,782,446 in the number of users receiving care in the first month of the pandemic compared with the expected values for that month based on pre-pandemic measurements. In addition, during the pandemic months, there was an average increase of 57,911 in the number of new additional single users who received care per month compared with the previous month. According to the time-series analysis of users receiving care per month based on each chronic disease group, the most significant decreases included people with diabetes without complications and chronic lung disease.
Development of in-house ELISA based on recombinant gag proteins of small ruminant lentiviruses isolated from goats in Thailand
Authors: Mongkonwattanaporn Tatchapon , Lertwatcharasarakul Preeda , Rukkwamsuk Theera
Published: February 2024

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), are grouped in Retroviridae family, remain a significant loss in the small ruminant husbandry. As a result of unavailability of vaccine and effective treatment, the diagnosis plays a crucial role for the control of SRLV infection. However, the major challenge of diagnosis of SRLV infection is the genetic and antigenic variability of the viruses that can lead to a failure in serological detection. This study investigated the circulating strains of the viruses in goats in Thailand and an in-house ELISA was developed. The coding sequences for gag protein were optimized, synthesized, and expressed in Escherichia coli for increasing the sensitivity of ELISA test. A total of 365 serum samples were examined against the recombinant protein in an in-house ELISA. The results showed that the recombinant gag achieves 96.67% sensitivity and 93.18% specificity as compared with the commercially available ELISA test kit.
Bounded contribution of human early visual cortex to the topographic anisotropy in spatial extent perception
Authors: Ryu Juhyoung , Lee Sang-Hun
Published: February 2024

To interact successfully with objects, it is crucial to accurately perceive their spatial extent, an enclosed region they occupy in space. Although the topographic representation of space in the early visual cortex (EVC) has been favored as a neural correlate of spatial extent perception, its exact nature and contribution to perception remain unclear. Here, we inspect the topographic representations of human individuals’ EVC and perception in terms of how much their anisotropy is influenced by the orientation (co-axiality) and radial position (radiality) of stimuli. We report that while the anisotropy is influenced by both factors, its direction is primarily determined by radiality in EVC but by co-axiality in perception. Despite this mismatch, the individual differences in both radial and co-axial anisotropy are substantially shared between EVC and perception. Our findings suggest that spatial extent perception builds on EVC’s spatial representation but requires an additional mechanism to transform its topographic bias.
The pathogen-encoded signalling receptor Tir exploits host-like intrinsic disorder for infection
Authors: Vieira Marta F. M. , Hernandez Guillem , Zhong Qiyun , Arbesú Miguel , Veloso Tiago , Gomes Tiago , Martins Maria L. , Monteiro Hugo , Frazão Carlos , Frankel Gad , Zanzoni Andreas , Cordeiro Tiago N.
Published: February 2024

The translocated intimin receptor (Tir) is an essential type III secretion system (T3SS) effector of attaching and effacing pathogens contributing to the global foodborne disease burden. Tir acts as a cell-surface receptor in host cells, rewiring intracellular processes by targeting multiple host proteins. We investigated the molecular basis for Tir’s binding diversity in signalling, finding that Tir is a disordered protein with host-like binding motifs. Unexpectedly, also are several other T3SS effectors. By an integrative approach, we reveal that Tir dimerises via an antiparallel OB-fold within a highly disordered N-terminal cytosolic domain. Also, it has a long disordered C-terminal cytosolic domain partially structured at host-like motifs that bind lipids. Membrane affinity depends on lipid composition and phosphorylation, highlighting a previously unrecognised host interaction impacting Tir-induced actin polymerisation and cell death. Furthermore, multi-site tyrosine phosphorylation enables Tir to engage host SH2 domains in a multivalent fuzzy complex, consistent with Tir’s scaffolding role and binding promiscuity. Our findings provide insights into the intracellular Tir domains, highlighting the ability of T3SS effectors to exploit host-like protein disorder as a strategy for host evasion.
The climate regime after Paris: an opportunity for regional leadership beyond the State?
Authors: Dias Ana , Antunes Sandrina
Published: February 2024

In the fast-changing landscape of global climate governance, a more polycentric climate regime was recognized with the Paris Agreement. Given the possibility for non-state actors to become agents of change, this paper observes that dynamics of climate leadership are also being defined by regional governments in federal or decentralized systems. Regional governments do so by actively engaging in Paris’ climate efforts by using their self-governing capacities to set their own internal and external climate strategies that may anticipate, bypass, or surpass state action. Although studies have explored leadership dynamics in polycentric structures, the field of climate leadership lacks conceptual and empirical research on regional climate action. Relying on the literature of polycentric governance and climate leadership, our paper (1) articulates the research gap on the phenomenon of regional climate leadership beyond the state and (2) suggests a revised perspective on climate leadership applied to federal or decentralized contexts.
Toward robust quantification of dopamine and serotonin in mixtures using nano-graphitic carbon sensors
Authors: Jamalzadeh Moeid , Cuniberto Edoardo , Huang Zhujun , Feeley Ryan M. , Patel Jyoti C. , Rice Margaret E. , Uichanco Joline , Shahrjerdi Davood
Published: February 2024

The electrochemical properties of nanographitic sensors, together with an engineered waveform, yields distinguishable dopamine and serotonin fingerprints using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, enabling co-quantification at sub-100 nM concentrations.
On the pivotal role of tetrel bonding in the supramolecular architectures of PbII–NCS complexes with chelating thiosemicarbazide derivatives
Authors: Eftekhari-Sis Bagher , García-Santos Isabel , Castiñeiras Alfonso , Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Zangrando Ennio , Frontera Antonio , Safin Damir A.
Published: February 2024

Detailed analysis of 1D and 2D supramolecular polymeric aggregations in Pb-complexes, driven by Pb⋯NCS and Pb⋯SCN tetrel bonds.
Modifications of physicochemical, functional, structural, and nutritional properties of a field bean protein isolate obtained using batch and continuous ultrasound systems
Authors: Narale Bhakti Anand , Mounika Addanki , Shanmugam Akalya
Published: February 2024

An overview of the protein extracted from US-treated germinated field bean flour and its effect on structural, functional, and SDG golas.
Biotransamination with racemic amines as amine donors: kill three birds with one stone through a dual-enzyme cascade
Authors: Li Kai , Sun Mengjie , Jing Haoyu , Liu Jing , Gao Jun , Wang Bo
Published: February 2024

A novel dual-enzyme cascade process utilizing carbonyl reductase and ω-transaminase enzyme was developed to remove by-products via the asymmetric reduction and increase product formation, making it ideal for both industrial and academic applications.
Subcritical CO2–H2O hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate as a sustainable chemical recycling platform
Authors: Osei Dacosta , Gurrala Lakshmiprasad , Sheldon Aria , Mayuga Jackson , Lincoln Clarissa , Rorrer Nicholas A. , Morais Ana Rita C.
Published: February 2024

Under optimized reaction conditions, CO2 can provide acidity to the reaction medium to favor waste poly(ethylene) terephthalate hydrolysis for subsequent recycling/upcycling.
Enhancing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells seeded on a polycaprolactone/MoS2 nanofibrous scaffold through electrical stimulation
Authors: Amiri Elahe , Khakbiz Mehrdad , Bakhshandeh Behnaz , Ranjbar Nika , Mohammadnejad Javad
Published: February 2024

A PCL/MoS2 nanofibrous composite was characterized for bone tissue engineering. The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was assessed. Electrical stimulation and differential media efficiently improved osteogenic differentiation.
Impact of composition ratio of donor and acceptor moieties in conjugated polymer: optical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Shahjad  , Patra Asit
Published: February 2024

Synthesis of donor–acceptor–donor–acceptor (D–A–D–A′, P1) and acceptor–donor–acceptor–acceptor (A–D–A′–A, P2) polymers using direct C–H arylation polymerization.
Pen direct writing of SERRS-based lateral flow assays for detection of penicillin G in milk
Authors: Russo Alida , Cavalera Simone , Murray Richard , Lovera Pierre , Quinn Aidan , Anfossi Laura , Iacopino Daniela
Published: February 2024

A dual Surface Enhanced Resonant Raman Scattering – Lateral Flow Immunoassay (SERRS-LFIA) platform was developed by direct pen writing of biomolecules. The validity of the method was tested by demonstration of penicillin G detection in milk.
CoFe formic-acid framework derived S, N co-doped carbon nanotube composites decorated with a bimetallic sulfide as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Wu Qihao , Xie Tao , Zhang Li , Gao Heju , Jiang Jiahui , Zhao Ting , Xu Guancheng
Published: February 2024

A S, N co-doped carbon nanotube ORR/OER electrocatalyst loaded with a cobalt–iron alloy and Co8FeS8 nanoparticles was synthesized using a one-step pyrolysis method.
Investigating the reactivity of a Lewis base-supported terminal uranium imido metallocene
Authors: Heng Yi , Li Tongyu , Wang Dongwei , Zi Guofu , Walter Marc D.
Published: February 2024

The steric and electronic properties of coordinated cyclopentadienyl ligands significantly influence the reactivity of uranium imido metallocenes.
A hypochlorite-activatable persistent luminescence nanoprobe for assisted tumor resection
Authors: Zhang Zhouyu , Wei Zi-Jin , Sun Mengjie , Yan Zichao , Yin Chang , Wang Wei , Yuan Zhi
Published: February 2024

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles bonded with a hypochlorite-responsive near-infrared absorber A690 enable precise tumor boundary visualization during surgery, expanding clinical diagnostic applications.
Influence of feed contamination on the conversion of heavy reformate and toluene over a composite hierarchical zeolite catalyst
Authors: Ali Syed A. , Qureshi Ziyauddin S. , Tammana Veera Venkata R. K. , Jishi Ali N. , AlAmer Mohammed , Mohammad Thamer A.
Published: February 2024

The effect of feed contaminants on the conversion of heavy reformate and toluene mixture over a catalyst containing 4 wt% Mo impregnated on a bifunctional hierarchical composite of mordenite and ZSM-5 is reported.
Steam reforming of acetic acid over nickel/kapok-derived biochar: the effect of nickel exposure on the evolution of reaction intermediates and coke formation
Authors: Wang Lihua , Guo Yunyu , Kousar Sobia , Zhang Shu , Wang Yi , Hu Song , Xiang Jun , Hu Xun
Published: February 2024

The fibrous structure of the biochar derived from kapok promotes the dispersion of nickel on Ni/biochar catalysts and improves their catalytic activity for the steam reforming of acetic acid.
Synthesis of urea from CO2 and N2 fixation under mild conditions using polarized hydroxyapatite as a catalyst
Authors: Sans Jordi , Arnau Marc , Bosque Ricard , Turon Pau , Alemán Carlos
Published: February 2024

A modified green ceramic converts N2 and CO2 to urea using mild reaction conditions and UV irradiation. The addition of a small amount of NO to the feed gas mixture allows the UV illumination to be removed and enhances the yield and selectivity.
Enhanced PEMFC performance through high O2 permeation and proton conductive electrospun nanofiber electrodes with unique ionomer construction
Authors: Zhang Xue , Liu Fang , Yuan Xinjie , Shan Jing , Wu Xiaoyan , Zhang Yalin , Wen Junning , Hou Zhongjun
Published: February 2024

Significant performance enhancement in nanofiber-based PEMFCs featuring highly O2 permeable ionomer films, highly proton-conductive ionomer fibers, and increased active sites.
Uncovering the critical function of lanthanum in CH4 production from CO2 using exsolved LaNiO3 perovskite catalysts
Authors: Barreau Mathias , Salusso Davide , Zhang Jinming , Haevecker Michael , Teschner Detre , Efimenko Anna , Bournel Fabrice , Gallet Jean-Jacques , Borfecchia Elisa , Sobczak Kamil , Petit Corinne , Zafeiratos Spyridon
Published: February 2024

The exsolved LaNiO3 perovskite catalyst exhibits superior performance compared to supported Ni/La2O3 attributed to the critical La–Ni arrangement differences, including Ni encapsulation and lanthana's affinity for hydroxide/carbonate formation.
Jellyfish-inspired smart tetraphenylethene lipids with unique AIE fluorescence, thermal response, and cell membrane interaction
Authors: Zheng Yujie , Li Yu , Ke Changsheng , Duan Mojie , Zhu Lijun , Zhou Xin , Yang Minghui , Jiang Zhong-Xing , Chen Shizhen
Published: February 2024

Smart lipids with fluorescence emission, thermal response, and polyethylene glycolation (PEGylation) functions can be highly valuable for formulation, image-traceable delivery, and targeted release of payloads.
Effects of neutral point defects on the solid-state electrolyte Li3ScBr6
Authors: Jiang Ming , Chen Zhi-Wen , Rao Adwitiya , Chen Li-Xin , Adeli Parvin , Mercier Patrick , Abu-Lebdeh Yaser , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: February 2024

In Li3ScBr6, vacancy and interstitial defects are easier to form than antisite defects, which hinder the diffusion of Li+ ions. The VSc, LiSc and BrSc defects contribute to improvement of the interfacial compatibility.
Remarkable near-infrared emission enhancement of Cr3+-activated BaGe4O9: the role of lithium ions
Authors: Tang Yuechao , Yang Jin , Mao Qinan , Ding Yang , Zheng Guojun , Pei Lang , Zhong Jiasong
Published: February 2024

Lithium ions play a multifaceted role in enhancing the emission of BaGe4O9:Cr3+, making it an efficient broadband near-infrared phosphor for the application of pc-LEDs.
Environmental contamination and climate change in Antarctic ecosystems: an updated overview
Authors: Bargagli Roberto , Rota Emilia
Published: February 2024

The review presents a complete update of previous reviews on the topics of environmental contamination, climate change and human impact on Antarctic ecosystems.
Bi-functional quercetin/copper nanoparticles integrating bactericidal and anti-quorum sensing properties for preventing the formation of biofilms
Authors: Cheng Jingjing , Zhang Haixin , Lu Kunyan , Zou Yi , Jia Dongxu , Yang Hong , Chen Hong , Zhang Yanxia , Yu Qian
Published: February 2024

A bi-functional antibiofilm nanoplatform was developed based on a complex of quercetin and copper integrating bactericidal and anti-quorum sensing properties.
Blood–brain barrier-crossing dendrimers for glioma theranostics
Authors: Wang Jinxia , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Guixiang , Rodrigues João , Tomás Helena , Shi Xiangyang , Shen Mingwu
Published: February 2024

Blood–brain barrier-crossing dendrimers for glioma imaging diagnostics, chemotherapy, gene therapy, or imaging-guided therapy have been concisely reviewed with perspectives briefly discussed.
Ring-opening-isomerization anionic polymerization via Brook rearrangement
Authors: Hamaguchi Asuka , Terasaki Masaya , Adachi Kaoru
Published: February 2024

Ring-opening-isomerization polymerization is developed using a combination of ring-opening reaction of epoxides and subsequent Brook rearrangement.
A wheel-shaped Zr-substituted phosphotungstate [{Zr(C2O4)2}3 (PO4)(P6W39O150)]39− with tunable proton conduction properties
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Liu Lihua , Zhang Yunfan , Zhang Miao , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: February 2024

A novel wheel-shaped Zr-substituted phosphotungstate, [N(CH3)4]2K16Na10.5H10.5[{Zr(C2O4)2}3(PO4)(P6W39O150)]⋅45H2O was prepared, which exhibited a high proton conductivity of 1.18 × 10−2 S cm−1 at a higher temperature of 368 K.
On the biocatalytic synthesis of silicone polymers
Authors: Lu Yuqing , Wong Lu Shin
Published: February 2024

A biocatalytic approach for polydimethylsiloxane synthesis is demonstrated using silicatein-α, an enzyme from marine sponges that catalyses the hydrolysis and condensation of Si–O bonds.
Facile synthesis of C30-AuNPs for the effective catalytic reduction of nitrophenols and azo dyes
Authors: Sun Weizhen , Zang Luyao , Zhang Xia , Zhang Chenqi , Zhang Zhiqing , Wang Xiufeng , Zhang Guodong , Wang Fang , Zhou Ting
Published: February 2024

A facile and green synthesis approach of C30-AuNPs is developed for the effective catalytic reduction of nitrophenols and azo dyes, and the in-depth mechanism investigation is described by thermodynamic and kinetic analysis.
One-pot synthesis of 4-pyrimidone-2-thioether through base/acid-mediated condensation of S-alkylisothiourea and β-ketoester
Authors: Lu Zhichao , Wong Tsung-Yun , Gan Yonghong , Chen Guihui , Paymode Dinesh J. , Chen Cheng-yi
Published: February 2024

4-Pyrimidone-2-thioethers can be useful synthetic precursors to densely functionalized pyrimidines, commonly encountered in bioactive molecules.
Recent advances in microwave-assisted multicomponent synthesis of spiro heterocycles
Authors: Javahershenas Ramin , Makarem Ata , Klika Karel D.
Published: February 2024

Spiro heterocycle frameworks are a class of organic compounds that possesses unique structural features making them highly sought-after targets in drug discovery due to their diverse biological and pharmacological activities.
S-acylation of Ca2+ transport proteins: molecular basis and functional consequences
Authors: Néré Raphaël , Kouba Sana , Carreras-Sureda Amado , Demaurex Nicolas
Published: February 2024

Calcium (Ca2+) regulates a multitude of cellular processes during fertilization and throughout adult life by acting as an intracellular messenger to control effector functions in excitable and non-excitable cells. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels are driven by the co-ordinated action of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers, and the resulting signals are shaped and decoded by Ca2+-binding proteins to drive rapid and long-term cellular processes ranging from neurotransmission and cardiac contraction to gene transcription and cell death. S-acylation, a lipid post-translational modification, is emerging as a critical regulator of several important Ca2+-handling proteins. S-acylation is a reversible and dynamic process involving the attachment of long-chain fatty acids (most commonly palmitate) to cysteine residues of target proteins by a family of 23 proteins acyltransferases (zDHHC, or PATs). S-acylation modifies the conformation of proteins and their interactions with membrane lipids, thereby impacting intra- and intermolecular interactions, protein stability, and subcellular localization. Disruptions of S-acylation can alter Ca2+ signalling and have been implicated in the development of pathologies such as heart disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Here, we review the recent literature on the S-acylation of Ca2+ transport proteins of organelles and of the plasma membrane and highlight the molecular basis and functional consequence of their S-acylation as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting this regulation for diseases caused by alterations in cellular Ca2+ fluxes.
Applying the Evidence: Taste Manipulation as a Dysphagia Management Strategy
Authors: Westemeyer Ross M. , Dietsch Angela M. , Mulheren Rachel W.
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

This narrative review aims to summarize the evidence regarding taste manipulation as a dysphagia management strategy within the evidence-based practice framework, with a focus on clinical application for speech-language pathologists.

Method:

First, we present background information on the physiology of taste and swallowing. A summary of research evidence on the effect of taste on swallowing is presented, followed by suggested methods for incorporating taste into swallowing evaluation and intervention. An overview of individual factors that can impact taste perception is provided. Finally, we discuss methods of clinical application and future directions for clinicians.

Conclusions:

Although taste manipulation has received increased attention in the research literature, further research is needed to clarify its interaction with swallowing, particularly given the multisensory nature of eating and individual factors that mediate taste perception. Much of the existing evidence is based on participants without dysphagia; additional clinical research is needed on taste manipulation in persons with dysphagia. Clinicians can incorporate taste in their evaluation of swallowing and treatment, and consider how individual taste perception and preferences impact dysphagia management.
A standard for sharing data from vineyard experiments
Authors: Delpuech Xavier , Dumas Vincent , Cahurel Jean-Yves , Gontier Laure , Claverie Marion , Charleroy Arnaud , Bécart Viviane , Lacroix Romain , Duchêne Eric , Ollat Nathalie , Tran Joseph , Roussey Catherine
Published: February 2024

To facilitate the sharing and interoperability of data collected by many different experimenters and structures, a standardized description of the data acquisition context has been set in the form of a data schema. This data schema defines the entities and the attributes to describe them. This data schema is available online, under an open license CC0 1.0 Universal, with a user’s guide.
Impact of fermentation-temperature management combined with specific yeast choice on energy savings in white winemaking
Authors: Giovenzana Valentina , Beghi Roberto , Vigentini Ileana , Guidetti Riccardo , Nardi Tiziana
Published: February 2024

Heat removal significantly impacts energy request in the winery and is related to the temperature control of wine tanks during the fermentation process and the wine maturation phase. The aim of this work was twin: first, to determine the heat dissipated from tanks under different temperature fermentation programs, to evaluate the impact of temperature management combined with specific yeast choice on energy saving during industrial-scale (450 hL) white vinification. Second, to explore the applicability of such protocols, and the extent of the potential effects thereof, through a survey. Comparative winemaking tests were carried out by using properly chosen yeasts during fermentation of Glera and Pinot Grigio musts at usual winery temperature (15 or 17-15 °C) and 19 °C, verifying the quality of the resulting wines in term of sensory, chemical and aromatic features. Fermentation required on average 7.0 Wh dm-3 at 19 °C and 10.3 Wh dm-3 must at 15/17-15 °C, reducing energy use by ~32% at the higher temperature, without compromising sensory, chemical, and aromatic profiles of wines. Then, the potential widespread of those effects was investigated through a survey involving several (n>100) wineries: among others, questions about vinification volumes, usual fermentation temperatures and attitude towards energy-saving innovations were asked to winemakers. Our results suggest that wineries can adopt a more sustainable winemaking process with low energy consumption and that this choice may have a relevant impact on white-winemaking energy consumption in the Italian context. Indeed, ~70% of a sample of winemakers representing an overall production of 1.300.000 hL, declared a willingness to increase their usual fermentation temperature if research data support energy-saving expectations without compromising wine quality.
Applications of pulsed electric fields in winemaking
Authors: Raso Javier
Published: February 2024

Wineries can take advantage of the ability of pulsed electric fields (PEF) to electroporate the cell membranes of grape skins and microbial cells to improve several kind of processes. The PEF permeabilization of red grape skin cells permits winemakers to reduce the duration of maceration and/or to improve a wine’s color and concentration of polyphenolic compounds without impairing its sensorial attributes. The capability of PEF to inactivate spoilage microorganisms while preserving the physicochemical and sensorial properties of must and wines may help enhance wine quality by guaranteeing reproducible fermentations and reducing or replacing the use of SO2 for wine stabilization. It has been also demonstrated that PEF triggers yeast autolysis thereby accelerating the release of mannoproteins from cell walls and decreasing the duration of aging on lees.
New types of organic wines with Pedro Ximenez variety grown in the Marco de Jerez Sherry region
Authors: Sancho-Galán Pau , Amores-Arrocha Antonio , Manuel Pérez-González Juan , Gutiérrez-Gordillo Saray , Palacios Víctor , Jimenez-Cantizano Ana
Published: February 2024

The Pedro Ximénez grape variety is one of the authorised varieties in the Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO, although it currently occupies only 1% of the region's total cultivated area. With the intention of promoting its cultivation, as well as diversifying production in a historic wine-growing area such as the Marco de Jerez (Spain), work is currently being carried out through a research project in which both public and private entities are participating. This project focuses, among other aspects, on the organic cultivation of this minor grapevine variety in the region, as well as on the production of naturally sweet wines. In this research, the results of the characterisation of the grape musts of overripe Pedro Ximénez grapes are presented, as well as the monitoring of its fermentation and the characterisation of the wines obtained. The resulting wines show how the over-ripening technique is presented as a viable alternative for the production of new types of wines in a warm climate area such as the Marco de Jerez.
Estudio microbiológico, químico y sensorial de vinos tipo fino obtenidos de solera con 14% v/v de etanol
Authors: Trinidad Alcalá-Jiménez María , Carlos García-García Juan , Muñoz-Castells Raquel , Carbonero-Pacheco Juan , Moreno-García Jaime , García-Martínez Teresa , Peinado Rafael A. , Moreno Juan , Mauricio Juan Carlos
Published: February 2024

Los vinos especiales tipo “Fino” se caracterizan por largos periodos de crianza biológica durante los cuales se desarrolla una bio-película denominada “velo de flor” formada principalmente por cepas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae y otras levaduras no-Saccharomyces. La legislación establece para estos vinos un contenido en etanol del 15- 17 % v/v y sin embargo, el mercado actual demanda vinos con menor contenido. Esta comunicación presenta los resultados de análisis realizados en velos y vinos de barriles de la solera con 14 % v/v en alcohol, seleccionados en una bodega de la DOP Montilla-Moriles y en otra de la DOP Jerez. El estudio microbiológico de vinos de la solera con diferente contenido alcohólico a los 10 meses de crianza no presentó grandes diferencias entre ellos, siendo Torulaspora delbrueckii, la especie aislada con mayor frecuencia entre las no-Saccharomyces. Se observaron cambios en el contenido de ciertos alcoholes superiores, compuestos carbonílicos, ésteres etílicos y polioles en las dos bodegas. La evaluación sensorial realizada por los expertos catadores de ambos Consejos reguladores solo mostró diferencias significativas entre las muestras de vinos con el contenido habitual y los vinos con menor alcohol en la limpidez en los vinos de Jerez y en el carácter frutal en vinos de Montilla-Moriles.
Characterization of Boğazkere wines from different locations in Turkey relating aroma and sensory properties using chemometrics
Authors: Darıcı Merve , Cabaroğlu Turgut
Published: February 2024

Boğazkere (BG) is one of the primary grape varieties that Turkey utilizes to produce premium red wine. Using chemometrics, this research was to investigate the aroma composition and sensory attributes of BG wines from various vintages and locations (Çermik/Diyarbakır, Güney/Denizli, and Pendore/Manisa). Using GC/MS/FID, GC-O, and Descriptive Analysis, aroma, aroma-active compounds, and sensory evaluations were identified and quantified, respectively. To determine the relationship between chemical result and sensory perception, PLS Regression (PLSR) was used. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the sensory results. There have been identified 93 aroma compounds, 29 of which are aroma-active compounds for which modified frequency (MF%) values have been determined. Compounds with high MF% values in BG wines include ethyl-3-methyl-butanoate/ethyl-2-methyl-butanoate (86), ethyl-2-methyl-propanoate (83), isoamylalcohol (82), ethylhexanoate (80), diethylsuccinate (77), and 2-phenylethylalcohol (75). The most prominent attributes associated to these compounds are those of black-fruit, red-fruit, strawberry, raspberry, banana, dry-fruit, cheery and spicy. PCA indicated that the most prevalent aroma descriptors for BG wines are black fruit, dried fruit, red fruit, confectionery, and spicy. Although dry-fruit, black-fruit, and spicy notes are more prevalent in wines from Diyarbakır, red-fruit and confectionary odours are more prevalent in wines from Denizli and Manisa. Red-fruit attributes in wines were positively correlated with diethyl-dl-malate, ethyl-butanoate, ethyl-hexanoate, ethyl-octanoate, ethyl-decanoate, ethyl-3-methylbutanoate, and ethyl-2-methylbutanoate, depending on PLSR. Ethyl-2-hydroxy-methylpentanoate, 4-ethoxycarbonyl-gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-nonalactone, pantolactone, and ethyl-2-methyl-propanoate were positively correlated with the dark fruit attribute of wines. Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentanoate and gamma-nonalactone compound, which gives the odours of black fruit (blackberry), is particularly noticeable in Diyarbakır wines.
Analyse der Bedeutung des Öko-Weintourismus in Deutschland
Authors: Szolnoki Gergely
Published: February 2024

Nachhaltige Aspekte des Weintourismus gewannen in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die ökologische Nachhaltigkeit von Weingütern in Form der Öko-Zertifizierung ist kein direkter Bestandteil des Weintourismus, kann dennoch eine wichtige Rolle beim Besuch eines Weinguts spielen. Öko-Weintourismus bedeutet, dass zertifizierte Öko-Weingüter weintouristische Aktivitäten anbieten und mit bewusster und gezielter Kommunikation die nachhaltige Seite des Betriebes bewerben. Zertifizierte Weingüter haben dadurch eine große Chance, auch in der Direktvermarktung zu profitieren und Öko-Weintourismus zu etablieren. In einer Studie mit 32 Weingütern aus 10 verschiedenen deutschen Weinbauregionen wurde die touristische Attraktivität, die Bedeutung der Öko-Zertifizierung und die zukünftige Entwicklung des Öko-Weintourismus aus Sicht der Erzeuger untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es gewisse Anhaltspunkte dafür gibt, die Öko-Zertifizierung als Alleinstellungsmerkmal zu nutzen, aber es scheint, dass die Weingüter diese Möglichkeiten nicht vollständig ausschöpfen. Diese Studie kann den Bioweingütern helfen, ein transparentes Bild der aktuellen Situation in Bezug auf die Relevanz zu erhalten und Kommunikationsbarrieren abzubauen, um mit potenziellen Besuchern des Weinguts in Kontakt zu treten.
The BC for the sustainability of Designations of Origin and the Quality Agri-food Districts: The case of Vermentino di Gallura D.O.C.G.
Authors: Benedetto Graziella , Bonaventura Forleo Maria
Published: February 2024

The study describes the implementation hypothesis of the BC (BC) Technology within a specific wine-growing area, production area of a unique Controlled and Guaranteed Denomination of Origin at an international level, that of Vermentino di Gallura DOCG, located in the Region Sardinia (Italy). The paper is structured as follows: first, the operating scheme of the BC technology is briefly summarized and the type of plant to be used is identified for the purpose of this study, that of protecting the DO, transparency and simplification of practices of certification. The main uses that BC has had in the agri-food sector in general are recalled below, with a focus on the wine sector. The two paragraphs constitute an indispensable premise for the introduction of our BC implementation hypothesis in the specific case study. In fact, the second part of the work is dedicated to the description of the Vermentino di Gallura DOCG production system, and of some critical issues that could be overcome with the implementation of the BC Technology. The innovative aspect within the existing literature is represented by the fact that in this case it is not a question of applying BC's writing to a single company (mono-objective), but to the protection of a designation of origin and the guarantee of compliance with a Production Disciplinary, still little studied in the wine sector. Based on the variety of process types that populate the Agro-food Quality District, different writing options and different BC certification hypotheses will be presented. This is a first approach that we intend to implement and specifically study directly within a future research project.
Consumer expectations and values: The role of digitalization in understanding and meeting consumer needs in the wine industry
Authors: Chaillet Audrey , Bastard Alexandre
Published: February 2024

This review begins by examining the changing expectations and values of wine consumers, focusing on the growing interest in sustainability, authenticity, and health and wellness. The authors then discuss how digitalization can help the wine industry better understand and meet these expectations and values. The review highlights several examples of digital technologies being used to gather data on consumer preferences and behaviour, including social media monitoring, sentiment analysis, and consumer surveys. The authors also discuss the importance of developing digital tools and platforms that facilitate direct communication between wine producers and consumers, allowing for personalised marketing and sales strategies. The review concludes by emphasising the importance of adopting a customer-centric approach to digitalization in the wine industry, which requires a deep understanding of consumer psychology and preferences. The authors argue that by leveraging digital technologies to gain insights into consumer needs and values, the wine industry can create more authentic and meaningful products and experiences, while also driving growth and profitability.
The connected consumer: New purchase triggers that are transforming the wine market?
Authors: Chaillet Audrey , Bastard Alexandre
Published: February 2024

This review examines the changes in wine consumer purchasing habits caused by the emergence of digital technologies. The authors discuss new purchase triggers such as mobile apps, social networks, and online sales sites and their impact on consumers' perception and selection of wines. The review also examines the implications of these changes for wine producers, distributors, and retailers, particularly in terms of marketing, data management, and logistics. The authors emphasise that the digital transformation of the wine industry is creating new challenges for traditional industry players, but also new opportunities for innovative actors and startups. The review concludes that digital technologies have significantly altered wine consumers' purchasing habits and are transforming the wine industry. The authors stress that industry players must adapt to these changes by developing new marketing and distribution strategies, using data to better understand consumer preferences, and exploring new online sales channels.
Complex automation of processes at the enterprise
Authors: Kucherenko Volodymyr
Published: February 2024

Illegal production and circulation of wine and alcoholic beverages has a negative impact on the health of the population and leads to a decrease in tax revenues to the budget. The SCANDARD system is a digital identification system built on blockchain technology and artificial intelligence algorithms that provides electronic traceability of wine and alcoholic beverages. The system tracks the life cycle of product from manufacturer to consumer, controlling its quality, managing production and supply processes, and controlling product disposal. This article describes the development and implementation of the SCANDARD system, its legal and organizational principles, its integration and support at enterprise level. The article also discusses the possibilities and economic benefits of the system, such as increased sales, reduced packaging costs, inventory control and sales rates. The SCANDARD system provides a new channel of interaction with end consumers and creates personalized marketing strategies and target information for consumer.
Le processus de codification des résolutions de l’OIV : harmonie entre procédé juridique et digitalisation du secteur vitivinicole
Authors: Feuilloley Alexis , Espinoza Alejandro Fuentes , Jacquet Olivier , Juban Yann , Malpel Georges-Pierre , Ruf Jean-Claude
Published: February 2024

L’Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV) adopte des résolutions depuis presque un siècle sur des sujets variés pour le secteur vitivinicole. Ce corpus normatif a eu divers impacts, ajoutant une véritable plus-value à l’organisation. Une fois ce cadre posé et cet état des lieux effectué, dans l’optique de développer une meilleure culture d’évaluation des instruments internationaux, un processus de codification est amorcé au sein du Secrétariat. Ce processus s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet de digitalisation lancé par le Plan stratégique de l’OIV ; prouvant que la corrélation entre le processus de codification et la digitalisation est le résultat d’une harmonie parfaite opentre un procédé juridique endurant et les avancées technologiques modernes, qui ont pour finalité d’offrir une accessibilité de plus en plus croissante aux usagers.
Wine stress vs. Technostress: Communities and wine appreciation digital platforms
Authors: Biot-Paquerot Guillaume , Dubois Magalie
Published: February 2024

In this conceptual article, we propose to investigate the intrinsic motivations of wine appreciation platform user communities, such as Vivino. By helping to reduce the stress linked to the complexity of the purchasing and tasting experience, which we call wine stress, these technologies increase the pleasure of participating in the community and gamify the sharing of knowledge via the platform. At the same time, exposing the user both to social exposure within the community of wine enthusiasts, and thus to peer judgment, but also to cognitive dissonance in the tasting experience.
Are my kids going to eat it? Sensory analysis mediated by spectroscopic data to predict adolescent food choices
Authors: Basile Teodora , Rosaria Forleo Lucia , Mallardi Domenica , Ferrulli Francesca , Francesca Cardone Maria , Coletta Antonio , Perniola Rocco
Published: February 2024

In this work, we present a procedure that combines the sensory analysis outcome and the spectroscopic data collected in the NIR region. This method allows for a complete characterization of each sample before ingestion without any alteration of its composition or appearance. NIR spectra of hundreds of samples for each of the parameters evaluated have been collected. The samples were then analyzed by conventional analytical procedures, using a texture analyzer, a refractometer, and an electric conductivity meter. Moreover, a spectrum of each sample was recorded prior to the ingestion. Spectroscopic data from the large datasets built for each of the characteristics evaluated have been used to build iPLS prediction models. These models have been later used on the spectra of the samples that underwent sensory analysis to predict their composition. With this a priori knowledge it was possible to understand the textural, and flavor combinations liked by the panel of adolescents involved in the hedonistic analysis performed.