bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANSIEDADE, ESTRESSE E DEPRESSÃO ASSOCIADO AO ÍNDICE DE RENDIMENTO ACADEMICO EM ESTUDANTES DE FISIOTERAPIA
Authors: Caetano Vanusa Caiafa , Machado Marcos Piazzi , Araujo Flávia Melchiades , Sarchis Anna Paula Campos , Gomes Fábio Pereira , Novaes Rosana Gabriella de Vasconcelos , Souza Renata Costa da Silva , Miranda Filho Walmir dos Reis , Ávila Maria Priscila Wermelinger
Published: November 2024

A ansiedade, a depressão e o estresse estão comumente associados aos estudantes universitários, pois o ingresso no âmbito universitário promove diversas adaptações e mudanças na vida dos estudantes, que passam por novos desafios. Isso pode influenciar no rendimento acadêmico dos mesmos. Objetivo: Os objetivos do estudo são avaliar os níveis de ansiedade, estresse e depressão associados ao Índice de rendimento acadêmico (IRA) em estudantes da graduação de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Participaram da pesquisa 136 dos 202 estudantes matriculados no curso, através de um questionário com blocos de identificação e avaliação clínica, cujo objetivo era traçar o perfil dos estudantes da amostra selecionada, e utilizamos como instrumento o DASS-21 – Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Para avaliar o rendimento acadêmico, utilizamos o Índice de Rendimento Acadêmico (IRA) obtido através de uma consulta à Website Do Sistema Integrado De Gestão Acadêmica (SIGA) da UFJF, por intermédio da Coordenação do Curso de Fisioterapia da UFJF. Os estudantes foram comparados separados por períodos e pela idade (maiores ou menores de 21 anos). Alguns períodos do curso apresentam-se mais propensos para que os alunos desenvolvam distúrbios mentais – estresse, ansiedade e depressão – e, além disso, estudantes maiores de 22 anos apresentaram a saúde mental mais prejudicada para os mesmos sintomas. Outro importante achado é que o IRA destes estudantes nos mostrou melhores valores nos períodos e na idade, estudantes com até 21 anos, em que os índices de estresse, ansiedade e depressão foram menores. Destacou-se que fatores psicológicos podem influenciar o IRA de estudantes, e quanto menor a incidência maior é o seu valor. Além disso, a idade também foi um fator importante na relação entre distúrbios psicológicos e rendimento acadêmico.
Self Care Management of Diabetes
Authors: Casegas João
Published: November 2024

The world's elderly population with diabetes is growing and self-management has its challenges, not only because of the complications that age brings, but also because of possible co-existing diseases.
It is important to identify the influence of age and its complications of diabetes self-management, so that effective and efficient strategies can be created to combat the complications associated with the disease.
Elderly diabetics are a heterogeneous group with varying clinical, functional and psychosocial characteristics and, in order to achieve efficient and effective self-management, specific self-management behaviors must be taken into account on an ongoing basis in order to avoid complications. An individualized, multi-faceted approach to diabetes management should be taken and an investment should be made in diabetes self-management education.
Therefore, this review focuses on the influence of advanced age and its complications on the the elderly diabetes self-management and proposes strategies for effective self-management of the disease.
Resilience Strategy of Indonesian Seafarers in Facing Pressure and Stress on Ships
Authors: Alfian Andi , Iskandar Abdul Malik , Jalal  , Hasanuddin
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to describe the resilience strategies used by Indonesian sailors in dealing with pressure and stress on board. This type of research used qualitative descriptive research with the determination of informants consisting of 7 informants selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that there are several resilience strategies used by Indonesian sailors in dealing with pressure and stress on board, including a) Cognitive strategies are managing feelings of stress and longing through positive thinking patterns, effective communication, and focusing on goals and the future of the family; b) emotional strategies are to combine social support, emotional management, spirituality amid tough work challenges and isolation situations at sea; c) social strategies are by building solid relationships, open communication, and emotional support from coworkers; d) professional strategies are by combining increased competence, discipline, self-management, and adaptability.
A tendon prepubicus szakadása vemhes kancában: két klinikai eset bemutatása
Authors: Farkas Ágnes Klára , Horti Klára , Tóth Balázs
Published: November 2024

A szerzők a szakirodalmi áttekintést követően két tendon prepubicus szakadással diagnosztizált vemhes kanca kórlefolyását mutatják be. Mindkét lónál a vemhesség utolsó harmadában jelentkeztek a tünetek. A diagnózis felállítására a kórelőzmény, a fizikális vizsgálat és a kiegészítő diagnosztikai vizsgálatok alapján került sor. Mindkét kancánál jelentkeztek a kórképre jellemző tünetek: kifejezett hasalji ödéma, emelkedett pulzusszám, bágyadtság, nehezített mozgás. Transzabdominalis ultrahang vizsgálat során mindkét esetben az egyenes hasizom caudalis részén jelentős szövetközi folyadékfelhalmozódásra utaló szonográfiás jelek voltak láthatók. Mindkét esetben a spontán beindult ellés során ellési segítségnyújtásra volt szükség, és mindkét csikó halva született. A fájdalomcsillapító és gyulladáscsökkentő kezelés, valamint a haskötés felhelyezése mellett is egyre erősödő, csillapíthatatlan fájdalom miatt mindkét kanca végleges elaltatásra került.
Modelos de Estado
Authors: Plaza Manuel
Published: November 2024

El concepto de formaciones económicas sociales de Marx construido a partir de la revolución industrial inglesa, el de bloques históricos de Gramsci resultado del contexto de la segunda guerra europea y los modelos de estado de Wallerstein resultado de la turbulenta segunda mitad del siglo XX son tres conceptos comparables, los cuales buscan explicar la situación de la sociedad y de los Estados dentro del contexto global, con la intención de proponer claves de análisis que nos permitan avizorar horizontes posibles y alternativos al capitalismo dominante en la configuración del mundo actual. Aun cuando alternativamente algunos Estados han llevado y llevan procesos políticos denominados de izquierda, con apelativos como socialismo del siglo XXI o socialismo comunitario, entre otros, la configuración mundial capitalista no permite el desarrollo de estos proyectos alternativos  nacionales, pues el sistema – mundo capitalista controlado por los países del centro, y su abierta intención de fiscalizar los recursos naturales del planeta, con el objetivo de perpetuar su hegemonía, marcan un escenario en el cual los análisis alternativos abren un resquicio de esperanza hacia la construcción de un nuevo orden político, el cual permita la construcción de sociedades con estabilidad y justicia social.
Randomized Clinical Study of Nano-Cerium Oxide and its Efficacy in Sciatic Nerve Regeneration: A Histopathological Evaluation
Authors: Yaser Dhuha Adel , Hashim Ammar M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Peripheral nerve damage is a frequent clinical condition. peripheral nerve injuries are variable, and these injuries are mostly caused by trauma. Blunt trauma has many types, including contusion, laceration, stretching, traction, penetrating and perforating injuries, abnormal sleeping positions, external pressure, internal compression, ischemia. Cerium oxide nanoparticles are used widely in the materials field. Besides their material applications. Objective: this study was examining how cerium oxide nanoparticles impact axonal regeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats.
Materials and Methods: 24 adult animals used, weighing average (M±SD: 230 ± 20 g). The animals were separated into two group. The first group (control) was left without treatment, The second group (Nano cerium Oxide) was treated orally with 50 mg of Nano cerium oxide daily for 7 days. Right Sciatic nerve was completely transected in all animals. The result evaluated at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-operative.
Results: The histopathological results, indicated that the high effective result in the second group, then the control group.  The control group has a significant nerve damage and some regenerative signs over time. While there are indications of severe damage particularly at 4 and 8 weeks, then presence of almost normal nerve fibers at 12 weeks suggests partial recovery.
Conclusion: Nano Cerium Oxide accelerated the regeneration of the peripheral nerves These findings suggest that this nanoparticle could can be seen as a novel therapy for promoting the regeneration of the nervous system.
Influence of CuO nanoparticles on photosystem II structural stability and functional activity of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought stress
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Razzaq Abdul , Umar Ismat , Khaliq Binish , Javed Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Photoinhibition and photooxidation of photosystem II (PSII) is one of the key damages caused by drought stress. The present study aimed to assess whether or not foliar application of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) is effective in promoting PSII stability and activity in corn plants under drought stress. Three-week old plants of corn were subjected to drought stress and varying levels of CuO nano-particles (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM) of the rooting medium. In this study, the effects of foliar application of copper oxide nanoparticles were assessed on growth, plant water status, nutrient uptake and structural stability of photosystem II of drought stressed corn plants. Drought stress impeded overall growth of the corn plants by reducing leaf relative water content, water potential, chlorophyll a content, and accumulation of K+ in plant leaves and roots. Exogenous application of 25 mM CuO NPs significantly enhanced the growth of corn. Exogenous application of CuO NPs improved the dry biomass and length of roots of the corn plants under drought stress. Although the application of nano-particles did not change leaf photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, K+ accumulation, it enhanced the accumulation of K+ in roots. Drought stress did not affect the structural stability of PSII, but it reduced its activity (performance index, PIABS) due to changes in the reaction center density and the biochemical reaction efficiency or electron transport capability. Exogenous application of CuO NPs improved PIABS due to increase in active reaction center density and electron transport efficiency. However, 100 mM CuO NPs application caused PSII damage at the donor end and reduced active reaction center density in the corn plants under both normal and drought stress conditions. The present findings provide a baseline information that foliar application of CuO-nanoparticles in low concentrations can improve the growth of corn by improving accumulation of K+ and increasing PSII activity. Further research is required to explore its effect on cellular redox balance and activities of PSII and PSI, and optimum dose of CuO-nanoparticles for developing formulations for their commercial applications in farmers’ fields.
Criptomonedas en tiempos de cambio: Un análisis en la era prepandemia, pandemia y postpandemia
Authors: De la Rosa Flores Carlos Cristian , Armendáriz Vega Jorge , Chávez Hernández Paúl Adrián
Published: November 2024

Los avances tecnológicos en la era digital en la que vivimos, han venido a revolucionar a diversos sectores de la economía, incluyendo el financiero, por lo que ha impactado en la forma en la que conocemos el dinero hoy en día, siendo una innovación de este, las criptomonedas. Este tipo de activos digitales, como han sido nombrados así por algunas instituciones financieras, se han convertido en instrumentos de inversión que han permitido generar importantes rendimientos para los inversionistas, por lo que el tener información sobre estos activos, permite tomar mejores decisiones al momento de invertir. Por otro lado, se sabe que la Pandemia del Covid-19 impactó en los mercados financieros, de una forma que hace mucho no se veía. La presente investigación tuvo el objetivo de analizar los rendimientos de las principales 10 criptomonedas, con base en su capitalización de mercado, por medio de cotizaciones diarias, en la era prepandemia, pandemia y postpandemia. Los resultados mostraron que los altibajos más pronunciados en los rendimientos históricos fueron en la era de la pandemia, reflejando que la inversión en criptomonedas puede ser muy rentable, pero a un riesgo muy alto. También se corrió un análisis de correlación de Pearson para conocer el nivel de asociación entre ellas, obteniéndose correlaciones significativas positivas entre la mayoría de las criptomonedas analizadas. Se concluye que los rendimientos más altos y bajos fueron en la era de la Pandemia y que existen asociaciones positivas entre la mayoría de ellas.
Integración del pensamiento computacional: Diseño de artefactos por profesores de bachillerato para resolver tareas matemáticas
Authors: Mejía Rodríguez Fernando , Dávila Gutiérrez Alicia , Barrios Mendoza María de los Ángeles
Published: November 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es ilustrar el papel del pensamiento computacional en el diseño de artefactos por cuatro profesores de bachillerato para resolver tareas matemáticas, tanto con el uso de aplicaciones como de forma tradicional con lápiz y papel. Consideramos llevar un enfoque más instrumental al contexto de la enseñanza de las matemáticas en un ambiente rico en tecnología; es decir, a partir de una tarea, se implementaron varios artefactos y al mismo tiempo que se aprende matemáticas, se mejora el pensamiento computacional de los profesores. El diseño metodológico fue el estudio de caso (cualitativo), el instrumento aplicado fue la entrevista basada en artefactos y se realizó un análisis temático. Se propone un modelo que explica cómo diseñar artefactos para resolver tareas matemáticas en cinco pasos: enfrentar una tarea, investigar la parte matemática y matematizar, diseñar un artefacto e investigar la parte de las aplicaciones, verificarlo, y ampliar la tarea; y en tres ciclos: diseño, desarrollo y refinación.
Ozonización fotoelectrocatalítica empleando CN-TiO2 para la destrucción de Cefadroxilo en aguas residuales
Authors: Palomares-Reyna Daniela , Palomino-Resendiz Roberto L. , Bonola Beatriz , Yañez-Ríos Ángel , Sosa-Rodríguez Fabiola S. , Vazquez-Arenas Jorge
Published: November 2024

En el presente estudio se sintetizan fotoánodos de base TiO2 (CN-TiO2) en presencia de etilendiamina para desarrollar un proceso de ozonización fotoelectrocatalítica (OFEC), que permita el tratamiento cuaternario de aguas residuales urbanas sometidas a tratamientos primario y secundario, fortificadas con Cefadroxilo (CFX). Los fotoelectrocatalizadores se fabricaron mediante anodización a diferentes voltajes para modificar la textura, y microestructura electrónica de los materiales. La caracterización de estas propiedades se realizó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido, y difracción de rayos X; mientras que la degradación del contaminante se monitoreó por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y carbón orgánico total (COT), a diferentes valores de pH. En condiciones neutras y alcalinas, el CFX se elimina completamente después de 90 minutos de tratamiento, con altos porcentajes de mineralización (eliminaciones de COT de 87 y 91 %, respectivamente), lo cual indica que el acoplamiento realizado en OFEC es eficaz para eliminar el contaminante debido a rutas paralelas que forman especies radicalarias de•OH
.
First record of brush-clawed shore crab Hemigrapsus takanoi (Asakura and Watanabe, 2005) in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Witalis Bartosz , Hegele-Drywa Joanna , Gromisz Sławomira , Nowak Agata
Published: November 2024

The first occurrence of the brush-clawed shore crab Hemigrapsus takanoi was recorded during the monitoring of non-indigenous species carried out in the Port of Gdynia (Gulf of Gdańsk) in 2023. The discovery is important as it indicates an expansion of the biogeographic range of this crab in the southern Baltic Sea. Two males with carapace widths of 12.1 and 21.51 mm and wet weights of 3.32 and 6.88 g, respectively, were collected using a Fukui box trap and a self-designed habitat collector. Although H. takanoi is considered a successful invader, according to previous studies, the expansion of this species in the southern Baltic Sea may be limited by the salinity gradient. Its early life stages show low resistance to low salinity conditions, thus precluding the establishment of self-sustaining populations of this crab.
Understanding Consumer Decision-Making in Real Estate: An Integrative Analysis Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Yanz Yan , Ming Chee Wei
Published: November 2024

This paper explores consumer decision-making in the real estate market through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), providing an integrative analysis that enhances our understanding of the psychological and social factors influencing property purchases. By examining the roles of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, the study demonstrates how these components interact to shape consumer intentions and behaviors in real estate transactions. The findings suggest that TPB offers a robust framework for predicting consumer behavior and designing effective marketing strategies that align with consumer needs. The study also highlights the broader implications for real estate professionals and policymakers, advocating for the adoption of TPB as a guiding model to improve customer engagement and decision-making processes in the evolving real estate industry.
Meeting housing demands, needs or desires? Conceptual considerations for designing housing policies
Authors: Gruber Elisabeth , Obermayr Christian , Obkircher Stefan
Published: November 2024

The central element of a housing market crisis is the unmet housing demand of the population, especially for the socio-economically disadvantaged. In the Austrian province of Tyrol, unmet housing demand has long been a social and political concern particularly in relation to housing affordability. Despite the ongoing construction and completion of housing units, many people find it difficult to find adequate housing. As part of a study to assess future housing in Tyrol, we took a closer look at the prevailing understanding of what is understood as housing demand and how this understanding can be distinguished from housing needs and housing aspirations. The article is based on the results of a goal-setting workshop with public policy stakeholders. By reflecting on the results, the paper sheds light on how unmet housing needs may represent not only a mismatch between supply and demand in the housing market, but also a mismatch between past, present and future aspirations and realities. The findings show that the question of what housing demand should be met by public policy, and whether this demand represents a need or an aspiration, is central to public housing policy and requires further consideration. The findings help to reflect on common theoretical and empirical conceptualisations of housing demand, need and aspiration, and how they can be assessed and identified in practice.
At home in the upper strata: Social positions of small-scale landlords in a European cross-country perspective
Authors: Kadelke Philipp
Published: November 2024

Although the private rental sector has registered growth in recent years, knowledge about small-scale landlords (SSL) as key actors in housing provision is still scant, especially when it comes to their social position. From an inequality perspective, the phenomenon of letting is characterised by two dimensions of asymmetries: an everyday asymmetry due to legal imbalances and an inequality in the resources that can be used to assert claims and interests, both in letting practice and at the level of housing policy. While previous research has focused on the former, this article examines the social positions of SSL and asks whether tenancies are characterised by a twofold inequality: legally and socially. This is based on the conflict-theoretical assumption that letting is not only an output of housing systems but that SSL, depending on their capital resources, can also be an input factor in the emergence of housing issues. This is the first cross-country study in landlord research portraying SSL and their social position on the basis of harmonised and representative data (Household Finance and Consumption Survey 2021). Despite country-specific housing regimes, SSL are mostly at home in the upper social strata regarding their economic and non-economic capital. The landlord-tenant relationship is marked by a twofold asymmetry because of legal and social advantages. The work provides fundamental insights into SSL and can serve as a basis for further research on the interrelationship between SSL and the constitution and development of housing systems.
Deutsche Gemeinderäte
Authors: Heinelt Hubert , Egner Björn
Published: November 2024

Dieses Buch basiert auf einer im Jahr 2023 durchgeführten repräsentativen Online-Befragung von Ratsmitgliedern aus 500 ausgewählten Städten und Gemeinden. Auf der Grundlage von fast 3.000 beantworteten Fragebögen wird dem Sozialprofil der Befragten nachgegangen, aber auch ihren Problemsichten, Einstellungen und Rollenverständnissen. Dabei gewonnene Befunde werden mit denen einer ähnlichen Befragung von 2007/2008 verglichen, wodurch es möglich wird, Veränderungen im Zeitverlauf darzustellen. Es geht aber auch um Fragen, die sich erst in den letzten Jahren mit Nachdruck stellen – nämlich um die Nutzung „sozialer Medien“ durch Ratsmitglieder und ob Aggressionserfahrungen ihre politischen Aktivitäten im Rat und in der Öffentlichkeit beeinflusst haben.
Eingezeichnet
Authors: Heß Christiane
Published: November 2024

Wie haben KZ-Häftlinge den Lageralltag, sich selbst und ihre Mithäftlinge, Erfahrungen von Zwangsarbeit, Gewalt, Tod auf Papier festgehalten? Die visuellen Selbstzeugnisse aus den Konzentrationslagern Ravensbrück und Neuengamme sind bisher noch wenig erforscht. Im Mittelpunkt der Monografie stehen mikrohistorische Analysen ausgewählter Zeichnungen. Mit Blick auf die Dimension des Sozialen werden in drei Kapiteln zentrale Fragen nach Bedingungen der Bildproduktion, nach Handlungsmöglichkeiten der Zeichner:innen sowie der Zirkulation der Bilder nach 1945 diskutiert. Mit einem kulturgeschichtlichen und bildwissenschaftlichen Zugriff erweitert diese Studie so die Konzentrationslagerforschung hinsichtlich der Analyse des visuellen Archivs der Lager.
Die Organtreuepflicht gegenüber Verbandsmitgliedern im GmbH- und Aktienrecht
Authors: Wagner Christoph
Published: November 2024

Shareholders may suffer direct financial losses due to unlawful conduct by board members, even if the company itself is not harmed. The liability system of GmbHs and AGs is insufficient in addressing such member damages. A possible solution is the application of § 311 Abs. 3 Sentence 1 BGB. Those acting in an official capacity can influence the financial interests of shareholders through their authority. By joining the association, shareholders voluntarily extend their legal sphere and relinquish their previously held defensive isolation in the extra-contractual domain. Extending third-party liability under § 311 Abs. 3 Sentence 1 BGB to such cases would be prudent.
Gerhard und Sabine Leibholz
Authors: Geyken Frauke
Published: November 2024

Ausgrenzung und Vertreibung, Exil und Remigration führten zu einem irreversiblen Bruch im Leben des Ehepaars Leibholz – auch in der eigenen Familie Bonhoeffer. Gerhard Leibholz (1901–1982) war als einflussreicher Jurist und langjähriger Richter am Bundesverfassungsgericht weithin bekannt. Seine Frau Sabine (1906–1999) stand vor allem als Zwillingsschwester von Dietrich Bonhoeffer in der Öffentlichkeit. Aus einer jüdischen Familie stammend musste Leibholz ab 1933 Ausgrenzung und Zurückweisung erleben, die 1935 in seiner frühzeitigen Emeritierung gipfelte. Begleitet war dies von Demütigungen und Anfeindungen der Familie, auch durch Nachbarn und Freunde. Die Emigration nach England 1938 bewahrte sie vor weiteren Verfolgungen, der Preis war ein beruflicher und sozialer Abstieg. Erst nachdem die Familie 1947 nach Göttingen zurückgekehrt war, konnten sie zumindest nach außen hin wieder an ihr vorheriges Leben anknüpfen. Frauke Geyken erzählt nun aber weniger die offizielle Erfolgsgeschichte als vielmehr die Geschichte eines Traumas, das das Leben der »Remigranten« bis in die folgende Generation durchzog. Mithilfe des erstmals zugänglichen umfangreichen privaten Nachlasses kann Frauke Geyken beeindruckend sichtbar machen, was die politischen Verwerfungen der NS-Gewaltherrschaft auch denen angetan haben, die sich retten konnten. Zudem gelingt es der Autorin, einen neuen, vertiefenden und unverklärten Blick auf die gesamte Familie Bonhoeffer und ihre Familienbeziehungen zu werfen.
Stiftung - Wissenschaft - Krieg
Authors: Lemberg Jason
Published: November 2024

Das demonstrative Streben der Universität um nationalsozialistische Größe und die immer raschere Militarisierung eröffneten Naturwissenschaftlern in Frankfurt am Main bisher ungeahnte Möglichkeiten. Welchen Einfluss hatte die zunehmende Militarisierung während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus auf die Forschung, welche Bedeutung die immer raschere politische Radikalisierung der Gesellschaft für den Wissenschaftsbetrieb? Jason Lemberg macht sichtbar, wie die Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main, der Stadt der Stifter, Austragungsort politischer Verteilungskämpfe, Knotenpunkt radikalisierter Netzwerke und Schauplatz rassistischer Raubaktionen war. Die einstmals liberale Hochschule wollte sich dem NS-Regime durch demonstrative Härte beweisen. Dem Autor gelingt es, die wissenschaftlichen und militärischen Potenziale dieser Entwicklung im Hinblick auf die Disziplinen Chemie, Meteorologie, Mineralogie und Physik umfassend nachzuvollziehen.
Musik, wo Schweigen ist
Authors: Kastelewicz Anna Barbara
Published: November 2024

Die Bedeutung kulturellen Lebens im Alltag der Speziallager mit neuer und umfassender Quellenbasis Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges errichtete die sowjetische Besatzungsmacht in Deutschland auf dem Gebiet ihrer Besatzungszone (SBZ) zehn Gefangenenlager, die sie unter der Bezeichnung »Speziallager« führte. In diesen Lagern wurden zunächst NS-belastete Personen gefangen gehalten, bald aber vor allem Gegner des importierten sowjetischen Gesellschaftssystems ohne gerichtlichen Schuldnachweis, auf unbestimmte Zeit und unter unmenschlichen Haftbedingungen. Von den Häftlingen am schlimmsten empfunden wurde dabei das Hauptziel der Lager: »die totale Isolation« der Häftlinge und das Verbot jeglicher geistiger Betätigung. In der DDR waren die Lager ein Tabuthema. Der reale Lebensalltag der Gefangenen ist auch heute noch weitgehend unerforscht und durch sowjetische Akten nicht dokumentiert. Das gilt insbesondere für die Frage, wie Musik und kulturelle Betätigung das Leben und Überleben in der Gefangenschaft prägten. Auf Grundlage von einschlägigem Archivmaterial in Deutschland und Moskau sowie von neu verfügbaren privaten Berichten, Noten und Zeitzeugeninterviews untersucht die Autorin diesen Aspekt für alle zehn sowjetischen Speziallager systematisch und vergleichend.
Innovationen nachhaltig implementieren
Authors: Herwig Gitte , Sauter Dorothea
Published: November 2024

Fachwissen in die Praxis der Gesundheitsversorgung bringen Viele Bereiche der Gesundheitsversorgung sind historisch gewachsen und viele Routinen sind seit vielen Jahren eingespielt. Mittlerweile gibt es viele Verbesserungsansätze und Ideen, die darauf warten, in die Praxis umgesetzt zu werden. Zum Wohle der Mitarbeitenden und der Patient*innen! Neue Leitlinien und Methoden scheitern im beruflichen Alltag in Krankenhäusern, bei den Pflegediensten oder in den Wohnheimen an vielen Hürden. Es gibt einen großen Nachholbedarf für die Weiterbildung, gleichzeitig setzt eine neue Struktur auch eine gute Führung und eine nachhaltige Umsetzung voraus. Die Schaffung einer transformationalen Kultur und die Förderung von Veränderungsbereitschaft ist deshalb ein wichtiges Ziel jeder Innovation. Dieses Buch zeigt neue Wege auf und schenkt gleichzeitig den Fallstricken besondere Beachtung. Das Herzstück ist deshalb die detaillierte Beschreibung von Schlüsselstrategien mit detaillierten Handlungsempfehlungen für Entscheider*innen und mit der Umsetzung beauftragte Personen. Mithilfe der klaren Gliederung und neuen Erkenntnissen verwirklichen die Expert*innen eine innovative, bessere Versorgung in Deutschland!
Assessment of Informatics Competency Among Nursing Faculty Members and Its Application in Educating Nursing Students at Abadan Nursing Faculty
Authors: Afra Arghavan , Ban Maryam , Seneysel Bachari Shima
Published: November 2024

Background: Nursing informatics in educational activities can serve as a strategy to bridge the gap between clinical practice and nursing education programs. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the informatics competency of nursing faculty members and its application in educating nursing students at Abadan Nursing Faculty. Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 2023 at Abadan Nursing Faculty. The sample consisted of 73 faculty members from the nursing, operating room, and anesthesia departments, who were included in the study through census sampling. Data collection was performed using the standardized Nursing Informatics Competency Assessment Tool (NICAT) and an electronic teaching aids checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18, with independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The mean score of faculty members’ nursing informatics competency at the Nursing Faculty was 110 out of a maximum of 150, placing it within the proficient range. The highest score for nursing informatics competency was related to the informatics literacy dimension (47.65), while the lowest was related to the information management skills dimension (19.54). Information management skills (r = 0.881, P < 0.001), computer literacy (r = 0.871, P < 0.001), and informatics literacy (r = 0.976, P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with nursing informatics competency. Faculty members reported the highest use of multimedia content development (mean score = 4.19) and the lowest use of robotic surgery (mean score = 1.71). Conclusions: Faculty members’ informatics competency was reported to be at a proficient level. However, due to advancements in technology and transformations in nursing care, it seems necessary to improve nursing faculty members’ abilities in all aspects, particularly in the information management skills dimension. It is recommended to hold faculty development programs regarding the integration of technology into the curriculum to elevate the quality of education.
Evaluating the integration of health and social care
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Harris Janet , Bermingham Rowena
Published: November 2024

Demand for health and social care continues to rise in the UK as people are living longer and a greater proportion have multiple health conditions requiring long-term treatment or care (such as diabetes, heart disease or dementia). Integrating health and social care has been considered as a possible response to these demographic changes, with the potential benefits including improved patient experience, and better quality of care through increased coordination and efficiency. It has been argued that effective integration could result in reduced use of hospital beds, lower hospital admissions rates, shorter hospital stays, shorter recovery periods and lower readmission rates. However, evidence on the impact of integration is mixed, with evaluations variously showing positive, negative and no effects. Cost savings have also been cited as a potential benefit, although reviews have noted that the economic evidence is limited and contradictory.
Key EU space programmes
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Wright Susie
Published: November 2024

The EU operates space programmes which provide services such as navigation and weather forecasting to European citizens. These programmes include Galileo, the EU's global navigation satellite system (which is similar to GPS), Copernicus, the EU's Earth observation programme, and the EU space surveillance and tracking (EUSST) programme which aims to protect satellites from space debris. The UK has made significant contributions to the development and delivery of these programmes in recent decades, but there will be changes to future involvement at the end of the Brexit transition period.
Outward medical tourism
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Border Peter
Published: November 2024

Medical tourism refers to when people seek medical treatment in a different country than the one they reside. In the context of this brief it refers to UK residents seeking elective, non-emergency medical treatment abroad. This briefing outlines the nature of the global medical tourism industry, the number of UK residents seeking medical treatments abroad, the types of treatments sought and the reasons for seeking them, the countries visited, and examines the issues raised for the patients and for the NHS on their return.
Proposals to increase UK recycling of plastic food packaging
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Border Peter
Published: November 2024

Plastic packaging waste has become a key consumer concern. In the UK, over 2.2 million tonnes of plastic packaging enter the consumer market each year. Much of this is used in the food sector because plastic packaging is cheap, light to transport, hygienic, and can be used to extend the product's shelf-life. In the UK around 46% of plastic packaging is collected for recycling, mostly through local authority collections. However several issues with the current systems of plastics recycling persist. This POSTbrief reviews proposals to Defra and HM Treasury to improve plastics recycling in the UK.
Sustainable land management: managing land better for environmental benefits
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Donkersley Philip , Carver Louise , Wentworth Jonathan
Published: November 2024

England is at a historical crossroad for the governance of land and the natural environment. Actions for addressing and adapting to climate change, achieving food security and tackling the biodiversity crisis are all embedded in and depend on how land is managed. Existing Government policy and targets have so far failed to address many of these complexities of land, farming and the natural environment.
Mining and the sustainability of metals
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Smith Daniel , Wentworth Jonathan
Published: November 2024

The mining and processing of minerals underpins modern technology and infrastructure. Each year, over 3.3 billion tonnes of metals are produced globally, and most predictions of demand show increasing consumption of metals in the coming decades, including in renewable energy generation, electric vehicles and batteries. The transition of the world’s economies and industries to more sustainable energy and technologies will require more mining and processing of non-renewable mineral resources, with associated positive and negative impacts on the environment and society.
Green steel
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Knight Lizzie , Walker Alan
Published: November 2024

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the iron and steel industry make up 14% of industrial emissions in the UK. Decarbonisation of the steel industry is needed if the UK is to meet its target of net zero GHG emissions by 2050. This POSTnote outlines current steelmaking processes in the UK, the technologies and measures that can be used to reduce CO2 emissions, and the supporting infrastructure and policies that could enable a 'green steel' industry in the UK.
Invasive non-native species
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Cooley Hazel , Wentworth Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Research suggests that the threat from invasive non-native species (INNS) is growing. Biological invasions by INNS harm native species and habitats and can have economic impacts. Biosecurity measures can be adopted to prevent the introduction and spread of INNS. This POSTnote summarises the drivers and impacts of INNS and the measures needed to meet national and international environmental targets.
Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Fritz Zoe , Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

Medical advances mean that increasing numbers of people survive physical injury, stroke, periods of low oxygenation and severe brain infections. Some, however, are left with substantially reduced consciousness. This paper discusses the medical, ethical and commissioning challenges associated with the care of patients in vegetative and minimally conscious states, and explains the impact of recent legal judgments.
Palliative and end of life care
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Dudley Harriet , Mutebi Natasha
Published: November 2024

Palliative and end of life care are increasingly in demand as people are living longer and with multiple long-term conditions. However, an estimated 100,000 people in the UK that could benefit from palliative care die without receiving it each year. There is substantial evidence that inequalities in access to palliative and end of life care relate to various sociodemographic factors. Experts have highlighted that access to palliative and end of life care may improve quality of life for patient and family and reduce symptom burden. This POSTnote summarises the key components of palliative and end of life care and recent changes in UK policy. It identifies inequalities and challenges to accessible provision. It also reviews evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of care and outlines key trends.
COVID-19: Current understanding
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Hill-Cawthorne Grant
Published: November 2024

On 20th March, the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) released the evidence behind the government response to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This series of short articles summarises these 32 documents. You can view all our reporting on this topic under COVID-19. This article goes over the key epidemiological terms used in the COVID-19 response.
Models of COVID-19: Part 2
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Hill-Cawthorne Grant
Published: November 2024

What can Wuhan tell us about the COVID-19 pandemic? How might different suppression and mitigation strategies affect coronavirus transmission? This breakdown of the Imperial College models is part of our rapid response content on COVID-19. This article will be updated as the research progresses.
Light switches and clusters: social distancing strategies for COVID-19
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Hobbs Abbi
Published: November 2024

Modelling suggests that, to prevent current intensive care capacity from being exceeded, some degree of social distancing will continue to be required. This will be until either effective therapies and vaccines are widely available, or a sufficient level of herd immunity is generated. Intermittent 'light switch' approaches reduce contact by turning social distancing 'on' and 'off' like a light switch. Strategic 'cluster' approaches reduce high-impact contact – contacts that have a high risk of spreading the disease – rather than reducing the number of interactions. Whichever approach governments take, clear and specific guidance explaining exactly which activities can be resumed by whom, why, when, and in what way will be needed to support adherence.
COVID-19 and international approaches to exiting lockdown
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

The UK Government announced its approach to exiting lockdown on 10 May in a statement by the Prime Minister and in a report published on 11 May. Current models suggest that 5.38% of the UK population has been infected with COVID-19. To lift restrictions the World Health Organisation has outlined key criteria that should guide decision making, such as ensuring that health systems can identify, isolate, test, trace contacts and quarantine COVID-19 cases. Several countries have eased measures with varying success including, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and China. Other countries such as Sweden and South Korea have taken alternative routes.
COVID-19 and social distancing: the 2 metre advice
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

An infected person produces respiratory droplets when talking, coughing and sneezing. These are responsible for the transmission of virus between people. Droplets can travel up to 2m, with finer aerosols containing smaller viral particles travelling even further. Numerous complex and interacting factors influence how they move and settle onto surfaces, and how infectious they are. The further away a person is, the fewer droplets they will be exposed to and so their risk of being infected with the virus reduces. The advice on 2 m distancing is a risk assessment based on relative not absolute risk; 2 m does not represent zero risk. Measures to mitigate the increased risk of reducing physical distancing include ventilation, physical barriers (screens and face coverings), reduced building occupancy and enhanced cleaning. These will vary according to the context. The wider range of social distancing practices will need to be maintained to contain viral transmission even if the 2 m advice changes. Social distancing and other public health measures are likely to be needed long-term, until a vaccine or more effective treatments for COVID-19 are available. There are numerous knowledge gaps about SARS-CoV-2 transmission; research to address them will inform policy-making.
Contact tracing apps for COVID-19
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Wright Susie
Published: November 2024

Contact tracing apps could be used to control the COVID-19 outbreak. Most of them work by automatically registering another smartphone when it is too close for an extended period of time. Then if a user tests positive for Coronavirus in the future, the contact tracing app notifies these contacts. Some countries like Singapore and Australia have already adopted or rolled out their own contact tracing apps. Concerns have been raised about misuse of personal data. Initial data suggests there has been slow uptake of this new technology by users, and it's unclear if contact tracing apps have had or will have an effect on the pandemic.
COVID-19 vaccines: July update on research
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Vagnoni Cristiana
Published: November 2024

There are almost 150 coronavirus vaccine candidates under development. Only 19 of these are now being tested in humans. Many types of vaccines are rapidly progressing through clinical trials. Only two vaccine candidates have announced large scale Phase 3 trials, involving several thousands of people. Only one candidate has been approved for restricted human use. Measuring a reduction in COVID-19 levels is an obstacle for Phase 3 clinical trials, as they require a high infection rate among the tested population to prove vaccine efficacy. International agreements with countries where SARS-CoV-2 infection rates are still high are facilitating those trials. Future challenges in vaccine development include a better understanding of COVID-19 immunity and development of vaccination strategies.
COVID-19 in children: July update
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

There is very good evidence that children who have COVID-19 are much less likely to develop severe symptoms and much less likely to die from the disease than people in older age groups.There is good evidence that children under 13 years old are less susceptible to developing clinical disease (this means having recognisable signs and symptoms) than adults. It is not yet clear whether this is also the case for older children. There is some research indicating that children aged 13 years and under may be less susceptible to infection than adults, but the confidence in this evidence is low. There is insufficient research to say whether this is the case for older children. There is some evidence to suggest that children transmit the virus less than adults, but more research is needed to reduce uncertainty. Children are more likely to catch an infection from adult(s) in their household. There is evidence that schools are a low-risk environment for transmission. There are some limited data suggesting that children from a black, Asian or minority ethnic background may be at higher risk of severe disease, consistent with evidence for adults. Large and well-designed studies are needed in order to draw firm conclusions. Pregnant women are not more likely to contract the virus. Transmission of the virus from mothers to babies is low. Some babies born to COVID-19 positive mothers will develop an infection; these babies are not at increased risk of severe disease.
COVID-19, children and schools
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

Children who have COVID-19 are not likely to develop severe symptoms. They are also much less likely to die from the disease than people in older age groups. there is some evidence on infection risk for under 13s and for BAME children but more data from well-designed studies is needed to draw conclusions.
COVID-19: July update on face masks and face coverings for the general public
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Hobbs Abbi , Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

While there is some evidence for the use of face masks and face coverings, it is weak and highly situational. Face masks are no substitute for social distancing. Hand hygiene and good respiratory etiquette, remain the best ways to limit the spread of coronavirus.
Influenza immunisation programme, NHS winter pressure and COVID-19
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

Seasonal influenza occurs every year, is a key driver for winter pressure on the NHS and a leading cause of excess deaths every winter. The influenza season, together with other respiratory infections, is likely to coincide with COVID-19 this winter. Those most at risk from influenza are also most vulnerable to COVID-19.
COVID-19 vaccines: Immunisation and prioritisation of eligible groups
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Vagnoni Cristiana
Published: November 2024

The UK Government secured early access to 340 million doses of six different COVID-19 vaccine candidates. It is still unknown whether any of them will be able to protect from SARS-CoV-2. In case of a successful vaccine candidate, supply may be initially constrained and therefore priority groups need to be defined.