bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speech understanding in diffuse steady noise in typically hearing and hard of hearing listeners
Authors: Bestel Julie , Legris Elsa , Rembaud Frédéric , Mom Thierry , Galvin John J.
Published: September 2022

Spatial cues can facilitate segregation of target speech from maskers. However, in clinical practice, masked speech understanding is most often evaluated using co-located speech and maskers (i.e., without spatial cues). Many hearing aid centers in France are equipped with five-loudspeaker arrays, allowing masked speech understanding to be measured with spatial cues. It is unclear how hearing status may affect utilization of spatial cues to segregate speech and noise. In this study, speech reception thresholds (SRTs) for target speech in “diffuse noise” (target speech from 1 speaker, noise from the remaining 4 speakers) in 297 adult listeners across 9 Audilab hearing centers. Participants were categorized according to pure-tone-average (PTA) thresholds: typically-hearing (TH; ≤ 20 dB HL), mild hearing loss (Mild; >20 ≤ 40 dB HL), moderate hearing loss 1 (Mod-1; >40 ≤ 55 dB HL), and moderate hearing loss 2 (Mod-2; >55 ≤ 65 dB HL). All participants were tested without aided hearing. SRTs in diffuse noise were significantly correlated with PTA thresholds, age at testing, as well as word and phoneme recognition scores in quiet. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that SRTs in diffuse noise were significantly predicted by a combination of PTA threshold and word recognition scores in quiet. SRTs were also measured in co-located and diffuse noise in 65 additional participants. SRTs were significantly lower in diffuse noise than in co-located noise only for the TH and Mild groups; masking release with diffuse noise (relative to co-located noise) was significant only for the TH group. The results are consistent with previous studies that found that hard of hearing listeners have greater difficulty using spatial cues to segregate competing speech. The data suggest that speech understanding in diffuse noise provides additional insight into difficulties that hard of hearing individuals experience in complex listening environments.
The differential impacts of early detection and accelerated antiretroviral therapy on the epidemiologic trend of sexually acquired HIV infection in Hong Kong
Authors: Poon Paul Kwok-ming , Wong Ngai-sze , Leung Wai-shing , Wong Bonnie Chun-kwan , Kwong Tsz-shan , Kwan Tsz-ho , Lui Grace Chung-yan , Tsang Owen Tak-yin , Lee Man-po , Wong Ka-hing , Lee Shui-shan
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To assess impacts of early detection and prompt antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the latest epidemiologic situation to inform intervention strategy.

Methods

We analysed data from two clinical cohorts in Hong Kong where sexual transmission accounted for the majority of HIV infections. The two cohorts comprised patients newly diagnosed in 2007–2008 and 2016–2018 respectively. Secular trend and differences between men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual patients were examined. Predictors of late presentation (defined as CD4 ≤350 or AIDS-defining illness within 3 months of diagnosis) and prolonged interval between diagnosis and ART initiation were assessed by multivariable regressions.

Results

There were 1,136 newly diagnosed HIV patients with 644 in the first and 492 in the second cohort, a majority (91.7%) presented with sexually acquired infection. There were less MSM in the first than the second cohort (50.3%% vs 87.8%, χ2= 117.05, p<0.001). The mean (SD) number of days between diagnosis and ART initiation decreased from 514.3 (516.1) to 61.8 (94.2) days across the two cohorts. Younger age, non-Chinese, outpatient-based service and lower CD4 count were predictors of faster ART initiation in the first but not in the second cohort. Interval between diagnosis and ART initiation became highly uniform among groups in the second cohort. Nearly 60% were classified as late presenters in both cohorts. Heterosexuals (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.13–2.19) had a higher risk of late presentation.

Conclusions

There was remarkable improvement in acceleration of ART initiation. Clinical implementation of accelerated ART recommendations has been effective for both MSM and heterosexuals. Late presentation was more marked among heterosexuals and remained a problem. The continued phenomenon of late presentation could offset the epidemiologic gains from accelerated ART initiation.
Multi-period uncertain portfolio selection model with prospect utility function
Authors: Guo Gaohuizi , Xiao Yao , Yao Cuiyou
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we discuss a multi-period portfolio optimization problem based on uncertainty theory and prospect theory. We propose an uncertain multi-period portfolio selection model, in which the return utility and risk of investment are measured by prospect theory utility function and uncertain semivariance. More realistically, the influence of transaction costs and bankruptcy of investor are also considered. Moreover, to solve the portfolio model, this paper designs a new artificial bee colony algorithm by combining sine cosine search method. Finally, a numerical experiment is presented to demonstrate the proposed model and the effectiveness of the designed algorithm.
Downscaling approaches of climate change projections for watershed modeling: Review of theoretical and practical considerations
Authors: Keller Arturo A. , Garner Kendra L. , Rao Nalini , Knipping Eladio , Thomas Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Water resources managers must increasingly consider climate change implications of, whether the concern is floods, droughts, reservoir management, or reliably supplying consumers. Hydrologic and water quality modeling of future climate scenarios requires understanding global climate models (GCMs), emission scenarios and downscaling GCM output, since GCMs generate climate predictions at a resolution too coarse for watershed modeling. Here we present theoretical considerations needed to understand the various downscaling methods. Since most watershed modelers will not be performing independent downscaling, given the resource and time requirements needed, we also present a practical workflow for selecting downscaled datasets. Even given the availability of a number of downscaled datasets, a number of decisions are needed regarding downscaling approach (statistical vs. dynamic), GCMs to consider, options, climate statistics to consider for the selection of model(s) that best predict the historical period, and the relative importance of different climate statistics. Available dynamically-downscaled datasets are more limited in GCMs and time periods considered, but the watershed modeler should consider the approach that best matches the historical observations. We critically assess the existing downscaling approaches and then provide practical considerations (which scenarios and GCMs have been downscaled? What are some of the limitations of these databases? What are the steps to selecting a downscaling approach?) Many of these practical questions have not been addressed in previous reviews. While there is no “best approach” that will work for every watershed, having a systematic approach for selecting the multiple options can serve to make an informed and supportable decision.
‘Putting on a dress means nothing’: Cross-dressing practice in men’s fashion
Authors: Janusauskas Marius
Published: September 2022

Male cross-dressing as a form of aesthetic expression by something or someone has been practised in fashion globally. This article aims to investigate what role cross-dressing plays in contemporary men’s fashion. Does it transform or confirm gender norms? In what ways can cross-dressing be used as a tool to produce visual politics? Cross-dressing or transvestism is a particular type of event affected by the multiple social, economic and cultural implications that continuously shift the meanings and objectives of the practice. I think of fashion in a broad sense, i.e., similar to a verb in that it focuses on the action or process of negotiating, differentiating and self-presenting in everyday life. My scholarly inquiry is situated in the context of the social, the cultural and the historical. This epistemological study applies an interdisciplinary approach that employs visual interpretative analysis and queer reflexivity. Cross-dressing practices in men’s fashion cannot be explained without an awareness of sociocultural context, narrative, gender performance and how clothing is selected and worn. I conclude by discussing the broader implications of understanding gender performance, sexuality and institutional power in men’s fashion.
‘Clothes (don’t) make the man’: Fashioning the phallus in Sabine Bernardi’s Romeos
Authors: Piontek Thomas
Published: September 2022

German director Sabine Bernardi’s Romeos presents a progressive and more complete view of transgender experience than a previous generation of films on the subject. Skilfully avoiding outdated tropes in her representation of the female-to-male (FTM) trans man Lukas’s transition, the film instead places it in a cultural and sociopolitical context that shows him confronting ‘cultural cisgenderism’ and negotiating the medicalization of his ‘condition’ to obtain the mastectomy he wants. Romeos, however, does not posit surgical intervention as the central element in its protagonist’s transition but shows how gender identity and expression are conceived internally, independently of the individual’s embodiment. Thus, this article argues that the developing maleness and masculinity that Lukas exhibits demonstrates that there exists a significant difference between the penis and the phallus. Lukas is able to ‘fashion the phallus’ – what social psychologists have called a ‘cultural genital’ – with a combination of appearance (including his fashionable male attire), hormone therapy and a strict workout regime. Even though a male genital may not be present in a physical sense, the significance attributed to his cultural genital allows Lukas to express his psychic gender identity and to establish the trans man, in the words of one gender theorist, as ‘attractive, appealing, and gendered while simultaneously presenting a gender at odds with sex, a sense of self not derived from the body’. Still the discrepancy between his gender identity and his embodiment at times causes considerable problems for Lukas, especially when his love interest, the cisgender Fabio, accidentally finds out that Lukas is trans and questions his physical genital. That Lukas nonetheless manages to establish himself as a desiring subject capable of establishing a romantic relationship with Fabio and consummating it by having sex with him bespeaks the power of self-definition and the significant role that the cultural genital plays in this process.
Unspoken desires: Transgressing representation in Mosquita y Mari (Guerrero 2012)
Authors: Zecena Ruben
Published: September 2022

This article explores how the film Mosquita y Mari lays claim to a sitio y lengua (space and discourse) from which migrant and diasporic lesbians transgress dominant codes of representation. The protagonists of the film do not ask for visibility; instead, they speak through silence and embodied gestures, offering a different approach to queer Latina sexuality that strategically manoeuvres through the burdens of representation. This cinematic register is what I engage as unspoken desires. When Mosquita and Mari imagine alternative futures, they rely on acts of care and mutual support – all the while, leaving their desires unspoken and thus, revealing the potential to create more possible worlds. Overall, I demonstrate that by creating their own sitios y lenguas, through embodied language and silence, the girls reclaim their difference in a world that renders them impossible.

This article was recipient of the 2021 Society for Cinema and Media Studies Latino Caucus Graduate Student Writing Award.
Too strange to believe: Magical realism and Cold War politics in Narcos
Authors: Cilento Fabrizio
Published: September 2022

The first episode of Narcos, the Netflix TV series inspired by the life of Pablo Escobar, begins with the programmatic intertitle: ‘Magical realism is defined as what happens when a highly detailed, realistic setting is invaded by something too strange to believe. There is a reason why magical realism was born in Colombia’. It is this ‘too strange to believe’ philosophy of the gaze that underlies the United States–Brazil–Colombia co-production series echoing the Drug Enforcement Administration version of events, commodifying the rise of Colombia’s drug economy for global audiences. Narcos places more value on realism than it does on the magical (although the two poles of attraction are inseparable, mutually enriching each other). The shift towards the insertion of heavy doses of non-fiction in the TV series is worth the utmost attention because it opens the way to a consideration of the differences between outsider and insider perspectives on culture and race, and the way they emerge on-screen. Magical realism in Narcos is also a tool to unmasks the war on drugs as a US hidden agenda to create antagonism. After 1989, an intensification of the rhetoric against narco-traffic became a pretext to respond to the upcoming geopolitical tensions, while simultaneously perpetrating the structural domination typical of the Cold War era.
Caza de brujas en las aulas: La censura española en la Escuela Oficial de Cinematografía
Authors: García López Sonia
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the relation between the Escuela Oficial de Cinematografía (EOC), censorship and the Spanish filmmaking industry during the Franco dictatorship. Founded in 1947, the EOC was an oasis in which students saw, were taught and made films that could never be shown on Spanish screens at the time. Nevertheless, in the last years of the dictatorship, the students of the school were subject to harassment that ended up curtailing their careers. Based on archival research (files about the censorship and scripts, as well as interviews), this article offers a historical analysis of censorship and the EOC that has not been previously explored.
A magyar gazdasági felsőoktatás „boldogság térképe” = The "Happiness map" of Hungarian Higher Education in economics
Authors: Bencsik Andrea , Patóné Szűcs Beáta , Berke Szilárd , Neumanné Virág Ildikó
Published: September 2022

A GDP az elmúlt években számos kritikával illetett. A helyettesítésére kidolgozott mutatók közül komplex megközelítésével és egyedi gondolkodásmódjával került a kutatások középpontjába a GNH (Gross National Happiness). A szerzők tanulmányukban az eredeti (Bhutánban kidolgozott GNH of Business) kérdőíves kutatás logikáját és számítási módját mutatják be, a gazdasági felsőoktatás munkatársainak, vezetőinek véleményét feltárva. A kvantitatív kutatásba valamennyi hazai felsőoktatási intézmény gazdasági oktatással foglalkozó karát/intézetét bevonták. 239 munkavállalói és 14 vezetői kérdőívet értékelve az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a gazdasági felsőoktatási intézmények boldogságindex-értéke az átlagos szint alatt marad. A munkatársi boldogság számított értéke lényegesen alacsonyabb a szervezeti feltételeket minősítő értékeknél. A legnagyobb hiányosságok az „Életszínvonal” területén tapasztalhatók, míg a többi terület alacsony, de kiegyensúlyozott módon minősíthető. A szervezeti feltételek tekintetében a „Kulturális és ökológiai sokszínűség” mutatói szorulnak komoly fejlesztésre.
Hasonlóság, vagy közeli kapcsolat? Az EEM és az ügynökelmélet analógiái = Similarity or close relationship? Analogies of HRM and agency theory
Authors: Kispál-Vitai Zsuzsanna , Németh Julianna
Published: September 2022

A tanulmány célja az ügynökelmélet, mint közgazdaságtani elmélet és az emberierőforrás-menedzsment, mint a napi menedzseri gyakorlatot segítő gondolati rendszer összehasonlítása. Az esetleges kapcsolódási pontok azonosításával, a hasonlóságok és különbségek felismerésével az elmélet és gyakorlat számára hasznos ismereteket lehet szerezni, és ezek hozzájárulhatnak a szervezeti hatékonyság fejlesztéséhez. A tanulmány újdonsága az összehasonlításban és a közös pontok megtalálásában van. A tanulmány alapfeltételezése: az emberierőforrás-menedzsment és az ügynökelmélet az emberi kapcsolatok munkahelyi vizsgálatakor azonos megoldásokat kínál. Megvizsgálva a két gondolati rendszer által elemzett kapcsolati problémákat, arra a következtetésre jutottak a szerzők, hogy az eltérő kiindulópontok, az eltérő vizsgálati módszerek és feltételezések (axiómák) ellenére az ügynökelmélet és az emberierőforrás-menedzsment hasonló, és sokszor azonos végkövetkeztetésekre jut az emberek közötti kapcsolatok kezelésében. Vizsgálati módszertanuk nem a normatív megközelítésre koncentrál, hanem a leíró, tapasztalati vonatkozásokra.
A vállalatok hozzájárulása a fogyasztók ontológiai biztonságérzetéhez = The contribution of companies to consumers' sense of ontological security
Authors: Saáry Réka , Varga János , Csiszárik-Kocsir Ágnes
Published: September 2022

A biztonságfogalom értelmezése körül zajló, egyre fokozódó diskurzus következményként napjainkra a biztonság elvont, országhatárhoz köthető, a nemzetbiztonságra leszűkítő értelmezése alapjaiban megváltozott. A kilencvenes évektől a tradicionális államközpontú, biztonságpolitikai megközelítés ellenpontjaként megjelentek a humán-, illetve a személyes biztonság létjogosultságát hangsúlyozó paradigmák, amelyek a biztonságot szubjektív, percipiált érzésként definiálják. A pszichológiai biztonság, valamint az ontológiai biztonság összetevői a fent leírt változások nyomán kerültek a tudományos érdeklődés fókuszába. A tanulmány célja, hogy képet adjon arról, hogyan ítélik meg a fogyasztók a vállalatok általános biztonságérzethez való hozzájárulását, milyen a biztonsághoz köthető feladatokat várnak el a gazdasági szereplőktől, és miként viszonyulnak a vállalatok ezen a területen nyújtott teljesítményéhez. A szerzők elemzésük eredményként felállítják a fogyasztók ontológiai biztonságának modelljét, amelybe az egyéni szociopszichológiai jellemzők és a makrokörnyezeti elemek mellé, beemelik a vállalati teljesítmény megítélésére vonatkozó dimenziót, amely tényező lehetséges összetevőit kvantitatív, primer kutatás során vizsgálják.
Nemi szerepek a munkaerőpiacon és a szervezetekben a transznemű emberek szemszögéből – Egy interjús kvalitatív kutatás = Gender roles in the labour market and organizations from the perspective of transgender people – an interview-based qualitative study
Authors: Pelyhe Valéria , Primecz Henriett
Published: September 2022

A legtöbb ember egyoldalú tapasztalatot szerez a munkaerőpiacon és a szervezetekben a nemi szerepekről. A transznemű emberek azonban megélhetik a nemi szerepeket a munkahelyükön és a munkaerőpiacon akár mindkét nem szempontjából, amennyiben a tranzíció előtt és után is dolgoztak, illetve a velük kapcsolatba lépő személyek, munkatársak eltérő identitásokkal azonosítják őket. A jelen cikkben a nemi szerepeket vizsgálják meg a szerzők, úgy, ahogy azt a transznemű munkavállalók megélték az egyik, illetve a másik nemben. A szerzők az empirikus kutatás során magukat transznemű nőként vagy transznemű férfiként meghatározó személyekkel készült félig strukturált mélyinterjúkat foglalják össze, amelyek fókuszában a személyesen megélt tapasztalatok álltak. Az eredmények szerint az interjúalanyok jól elkülöníthető bánásmóddal és elvárásrendszerrel találkoznak abban az esetben, ha a környezetük nőként, illetve férfiként definiálja társadalmi nemüket. Emellett a transznemű személyek gyakran találják magukat szembe homofób és transzfób munkahelyi környezettel, amely a mentális egészségükre is jelentős hatással van.
The ethnography of communication: an introduction.
Authors: Lima-Hernandes Maria Célia
Published: September 2022

Retrospectiva do livro de Muriel Saville-Troike, editado pela Oxford: Blackwell, 2a edição, 1989.
A expressividade dos estrangeirismos na poesia de Carlos Drummond de Andrade
Authors: Cardoso Elis de Almeida
Published: September 2022

Na obra poética drummondiana percebe-se que o autor utiliza vocábulos procedentes das mais variadas línguas. O objetivo é mostrar que, na grande maioria das vezes, os estrangeirismos são utilizados como um recurso estilístico. Ou o poeta pretende dar a seu texto autenticidade, ao se referir a pessoas de outras nacionalidades e a outros países, ou escolhe a palavra estrangeira por ela ser mais expressiva do que a vernácula.
Trends in Subsistence Research in Northern Canada: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Natcher David C. , Bogdan Ana Maria , Southcott Chris
Published: September 2022

In this paper we present the results from a systematic literature review of subsistence research that was conducted in northern Canada between 1950 and 2019. Our analysis identified trends in subsistence research, including the breadth of research topics, influential scholars and scholarship, and the emergence of research networks. Our results identified 245 publications authored by a multidisciplinary network of 365 scholars. Research conducted through ArcticNet and the International Polar Year is responsible for 75% (n = 183 of 245) of all subsistence-related publications during this period. Subsistence publications cover a wide range of topics, including climate change, nutrition, and wildlife management, but Indigenous food culture and the roles of women in subsistence have received comparatively less scholarly attention. Given the profound changes occurring in northern Canada, whether a result of anthropogenic or non-anthropogenic disturbances, greater attention to the cultural and gendered dimensions of subsistence will be particularly valuable to northern scholarship and the public policies it can inform. This attention will be increasingly necessary in a time when critical thinking about the future of subsistence in northern Canada is of critical need.
Análisis de algunas ideas alternativas relacionadas con el cambio climático
Authors: Carrascosa-Alís Jaime , Martínez-Sala Salvador , Alonso-Sánchez Manuel , Ruiz-Ruiz Juan-José
Published: September 2022

En la actualidad se dispone ya de muchos estudios acerca del conocimiento teórico sobre el cambio climático que tiene la población . Los resultados de algunos de esos estudios muestran la existencia de graves confusiones respecto a determinados fenómenos y conceptos básicos de gran importancia, ello a pesar de que el problema del cambio climático ha adquirido durante los últimos años una relevancia creciente en distintos medios de comunicación y también se halla presente en los currículos escolares como una parte fundamental de la Educación para la Sostenibilidad. Algunas de dichas confusiones constituyen verdaderas ideas alternativas. En este trabajo se analiza, en primer lugar, la incidencia y la fortaleza de cinco de estas ideas en alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y en varios grupos de maestros en formación. Después, se hace una propuesta didáctica para conseguir el cambio de una de esas ideas, que involucra diversos conceptos y principios de Física.
Herramientas usadas para la evaluación formativa automatizada en cursos de programación asistidos por computadora
Authors: Leytón-Yela Ginna-Viviana , Bucheli-Guerrero Victor-Andrés , Ordoñez-Erazo Hugo-Armando
Published: September 2022

Este estudio presenta el despliegue de herramientas para verificación del funcionamiento de la realimentación automatizada implementada en cursos de programación. Los entornos educativos ofrecen la experiencia de evaluación sumativa y formativa de programas informáticos dirigida a estudiantes. En este tipo de herramientas, los estudiantes resuelven una tarea de programación, la cual es validada de manera automática para generar calificaciones y realimentación. Con respecto a la evaluación sumativa, se genera una calificación numérica o porcentual sobre si es correcta o no la solución de una tarea. Para el caso de la evaluación formativa, se genera información sobre los errores o sugerencias a incorporar en los programas con el fin de mejorar el aprendizaje. Las herramientas utilizadas son UNCode, Ask-Elle y Nbgrader. Adicionalmente, se hacen menciones importantes sobre algunas de las herramientas usadas para la comparación de programas y validación de diferencias.
Prototipo de bajo costo para la automatización de la producción de cannabis medicinal en invernadero apoyado por IoT
Authors: Ordoñez-Quintero Cristian-Camilo , Ordóñez-Erazo Hugo-Armando , Ordoñez Armando
Published: September 2022

El uso medicinal del cannabis ofrece grandes perspectivas para los productores desde el punto de vista económico y para los usuarios desde la perspectiva de la salud. Sin embargo, para poder explotar todo el potencial de las diferentes variedades de cannabis, se requiere generar unas condiciones ambientales particulares para cada tipo de cultivo, lo cual es muy difícil de lograr manualmente. Por esta razón, diversas propuestas han explorado el uso de tecnologías para automatizar el control de estos cultivos. Estas soluciones en su mayoría son de caja negra, no permiten ser personalizadas y pueden ser muy costosas. Este artículo describe un prototipo de bajo costo que permite controlar un invernadero de cannabis (a través de sensores de humedad y temperatura, entre otros). El prototipo y su usabilidad se evaluaron con productores de cannabis, con resultados prometedores para su uso y la producción del dispositivo y la aplicación móvil diseñados.
Reorientsasi Paradigma Pembentukan Hukum Nasional dengan Mengadopsi Nilai Kearifan Lokal (Local Wisdom)
Authors: Triwulandari I Gusti Agung Ayu Mas , Darma I Made Wirya
Published: September 2022

AbstrakPembentukan hukum yang mengadopsi nilai-nilai kearifan lokal akan mencerminkan hukum yang bersifat pluralistik, mewakili seluruh elemen masyarakat. Dalam menghasilkan hukum yang bersifat responsif dan adaptif, yang selalu aktif memperbaharui hukum menuju arah yang diinginkan oleh masyarakat dan usahanya untuk mengadakan perubahan-perubahan sosial yang selalu berusaha untuk melayani masyarakat pada tingkat perkembangannya yang pesat, maka dibutuhkan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang membentuk pola hidup masyarakat. Salah satunya adalah nilai kearifan lokal Tri Hita Karana, Tri Kaya Parisudha dan Tat Twam Asi.
Hubungan Hukum dan Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance dalam Perusahaan
Authors: Njatrijani Rinitami , Rahmanda Bagus , Saputra Reyhan Dewangga
Published: September 2022

Suatu perusahaan pasti membutuhkan tata kelola yang baik pula, dalam tata pemerintah biasa dikenal dengan konsep GG (Good Governance), GCG (Good Corporate Governance), GIG (Good Investment Governance). Pada dasarnya intinya adalah itikad baik untuk mewujudkan tata kelola yang baik, perlunya pembaruan sikap dan perilaku birokrasi dalam melayani kepentingan umum dan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Di hukum perusahaan, perseroan merupakan salah satu badan usaha yang berstatus badan hukum. Salah satu tujuan perusahaan terbatas adalah mencari keuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk; mengetahui dan menganalisis hubungan hukum dan penerapan good corporate governance dalam perusahaan dan penerapan prinsip-prinsip perusahaan dalam melaksanakan good corporate governance. Hubungan hukum dan penerapan GCG dalam perusahaan ini. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Yaitu suatu pendekatan yang mengacu pada hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.dan berdasarkan teori-teori dari berbagai sumber dan pendapat hukum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penerapan Good Corporate Governance dalam perusahaan secara umum telah dijalankan dengan baik, tetapi apabila ada perusahaan yang hanya mengejar keuntungan besar tanpa memperhatikan kesejahteraan karyawannya maka tidak bisa dikatakan memenuhi atau melaksanakan prinsip Good Corporate Governance. Adanya prinsip GCG disini memberikan dampak positif bagi kelangsungan perusahaan dan karyawan dalam perusahaan tersebut perusahaan yang baik seharusnya didukung dengan system dan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik pula
Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia melalui Konsep Omnibus Law
Authors: Fitryantica Agnes
Published: September 2022

Peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia saat ini, ada 42 ribu Presiden Joko widodo mengeluhkan banyaknya peraturan yang dimiliki Indonesia.  Dampaknya banyaknya tumpang tindih peraturan baik tingkatan hierarki yang sama atau dengan peraturan dibawahnya. Sehingga memerlukan konsep Omnibus Law dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Harmonisasi hukum perundang-undangan dari common law:omnibus law sangat penting dalam perkembangan hukum di Indonesia Undang-Undang hasil konsep Omnibus Law bisa mengarah sebagai Undang-Undang Payung karena mengatur secara menyeluruh dan kemudian mempunyai kekuatan terhadap aturan yang lain. Harmonisasi Omnibus law menjadi pelindung bagi pejabat daerah yang ingin melakukan inovasi dan kreasi untuk kemajuan ekonomi dan investasi. Implementasi Konsep omnibus law di Indonesia hierarki tata urutan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia sebagaimana diatur di dalam Undang-undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan bentuknya Undang-Undang bukan Undang-Undang Pokok, tetapi Undang-Undang yang setara dengan Undang-Undang lain yang seluruh atau sebagian ketentuannya diubah atau dihapus dengan membuat norma baru.
Ethnomedical uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vasani Dharmik , Vyas Hitesh , Panara Kalpesh , Patel Bhupesh , Singh Preetpal , Vasava Ashvinee , Patil Sunny
Published: September 2022

A surge in laboratory research into the pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds, as well as their potential to cure a wide range of ailments, has resulted in an influx of new herbal medications and extracts onto the international market in recent years. D. gangaticum (L.) (DG), one of the essential herbs of Indian traditional system of medicines is part of many essential formulations viz. "Dashamoola" and is used to treat various diseases. It is a perennial herb, locally known as "Shalparni" (Hindi) in India and also reported in many other tropical countries. This review presents the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical effectiveness of D. gangaticum Literature was systematically searched through various databases, journals and gray literature through electronic and manual search. Collected data was further critically reviewed and summarized in this paper. It contains many bio-active phytochemicals viz. gangeticoside, leonuriside A, tortoside A, dehydrosoyasaponin, gangetin, gangetinin, desmocarpin, desmodin etc. among them, some have drug likeliness properties. Critical literature analysis revealed that it possessed many pharmacological activities viz. anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti- oxidant, cardioprotective, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective anti- bacterial, and anti-amnesic activities. Despite a large number of traditional therapeutic uses, D. gangaticum was evaluated for limited therapeutic efficacy through clinical trials and evidence suggested it may have therapeutic benefits on bronchitis, gout, hypertension. The biochemical and physiological mechanisms involved in the different biological effects exhibited by it need to be investigated. The herb should be investigated further, focusing on pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Well-designed Randomized Controlled trials (RCTs) should be conducted to support its therapeutic use.
Le patrimoine culturel arabe dans les nouvelles de Zakariyyā Tāmir: Une esthétique du grotesque
Authors: Dové Peter
Published: September 2022

Zakariyyā Tāmir (b. 1931) is generally considered to be one of the most innovative authors in contemporary Arabic literature. One characteristic of his short stories is that they take up and retell the historical and literary traditions of the Middle East in a variety of ways: in his texts Tāmir works − and plays − with subjects, literary models, conventions, lore, and popular folk fictions. It is this work with and on tradition which this study explores by analysing Tāmirs use of historical and literary figures that are part of the cultural heritage. The study argues that the grotesque is the aesthetic category through which Tāmir narrates tradition. This grotesque, distorting, use of the cultural heritage serves a satirical purpose − the stories are a violent critique of the modern Arabic world −, but, moreover, the stories forge by this means a new concept of tradition that subverts any kind of immovable, static and paternalistic concept of tradition.
Gewalt im Namen des Islam: Muslimische Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Krämer Gudrun
Published: September 2022

Distinguishing Islamism from „mainstream,“ non-Islamist Islam is not always an easy task as far as the basic assumptions concerning the nature of Islam and its normative foundations are concerned. It is with regard to strategy in general and the use of violence (especially against Muslims) in particular, that distinctions tend to become sharply drawn. Islamists aim to transform state, society, culture, and law in light of the normative texts of the Qur’an and Sunna, considering the early period of the prophet Muḥammad and his successors (the “pious ancestors”) as the definitive model of an Islamic order. Jihadist Islam pre-dates 9/11 but was propelled into new directions as a result of these acts of violence. The legitimate use of violence, and of Jihad, has always been a contentious issue among Muslims. Significantly, the religious status and affiliation of those involved (Muslims; recognized non-Muslim communities; non-Muslims living beyond the Islamic realm; self-declared Muslims not recognized as such by their enemies) have played a crucial role in these debates. At the core of contention is takfīr, the accusation of unbelief launched against self-declared Muslims, be they Sunni, Shi’i or other. Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) elaborated the theological underpinnings of takfīr, but it was militant Islamist groups that took the concept to it extremes and put it into practice. Faced with a jihadist logic based on the Qur’an and Sunna, Islamic scholars and Muslim political authorities have propagated the principle of moderation (wasaṭ and wasaṭiyya) as the truly Islamic model of thought and behavior. While wasaṭiyya lacks the emotional and medial resources available to its militant opponents, and while it has been denounced as a strategy of containment employed by the powers-that-be, it seems to have been embraced by broad Muslim audiences.
Babesia microti-induced fulminant sepsis in an immunocompromised host: A case report and the case-specific literature review
Authors: Conte Harry A. , Biondi Michael C. , Janket Sok-Ja , Ackerson Leland K. , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: September 2022

Babesia microti is an obligate intra-erythrocytic parasite transmitted by infected ticks. B. microti is a eukaryote much larger than prokaryotic microbes and more similar to human hosts in their biochemistry and metabolism. Moreover, Babesia spp. possess various immune evasion mechanisms leading to persistent and sometimes life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised hosts. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent adult B-cell malignancy, and a small percentage of CLL transforms into aggressive lymphomas. CLL also causes immune dysfunction due to the over-expansion of immature and ineffective B-cells. When our patient with indolent CLL presented with anemia, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly, all his healthcare providers presumptively assumed a malignant transformation of CLL. However, these are also the signs and symptoms of babesiosis. Herein, we report a case where B. microti infection was presumed as a malignant transformation of CLL and narrowly avoided a devastating outcome. Although the patient developed fulminant sepsis, he finally received the correct diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, the disease recrudesced twice. Each time, it became more difficult to control the infection. We describe the clinical course of the case and discuss the case-specific literature review. This report highlights the importance of differential diagnoses ruling out infections which include babesiosis, prior to initiating the treatment of B-cell malignancy.
Genotype-based chemotherapy for patients with gastrointestinal tumors: focus on oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and fluoropyrimidines
Authors: Fedorinov Denis S. , Lyadov Vladimir K. , Sychev Dmitriy A.
Published: September 2022

This review aimed to summarize the pharmacogenetic studies of the most commonly used drugs in the chemotherapy of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors: oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and fluoropyrimidines. So far, it has not been possible to develop an effective genotype-based approach for oxaliplatin. More and more evidence is emerging in favor of the fact that the choice of a dose of fluorouracil based on pharmacogenetic testing according to DPYD*2A, can be not only effective but also cost-effective. Additional, well-planned trials of the UGT1A1 genotype-based approach to irinotecan therapy are predicted to reduce adverse drug events in people with the UGT1A1*28/*28 genotypes and improve treatment efficacy in the rest of the patients, which might be cost-effective.
Flexural behavior of wood in the transverse direction investigated using novel computer vision and machine learning approach
Authors: Chen Shuoye , Awano Tatsuya , Yoshinaga Arata , Sugiyama Junji
Published: September 2022

A deep-learning-based semantic segmentation approach (U-Net) was used to partition the anatomical features in the cross-section of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) wood during a micro three-point bending test. Using the Crocker–Grier linking algorithm, thousands of cells were successfully extracted, and several parameters (area, eccentricity, fitted ellipse aspect ratio, bounding box aspect ratio) were used to evaluate the intensity of the cells’ deformation. Thus, the 2D map of the deformation intensity distribution was constructed. By analyzing flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and rift-sawn specimens, it was confirmed that the annual ring orientation affects the flexural behavior of wood in the transverse direction. The quarter-sawn specimens exhibited the largest modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). The ray tissue aligned against the load may have contributed to the restriction of cell deformation. The rift-sawn specimens exhibited the smallest MOE and MOR, possibly owing to the loading of the specimen in the in-plane off-axial direction, which induced the shear deformation of the cell wall. For all three specimen types, the fracture had high occurrence probability in the tension part of the specimen, which exhibited large cell deformation. Therefore, the proposed method can be adapted to the prediction of wood specimen fractures. With different test wood species, this approach can be of great help in elucidating the relationship between the anatomical features and the mechanical behavior of wood to improve the effective utilization of wood resources.
Gene polymorphism of leptin and risk for heart disease, obesity, and high BMI: a systematic review and pooled analysis in adult obese subjects
Authors: Khaki-Khatibi Fatemeh , Shademan Behrouz , Gholikhani-Darbroud Reza , Nourazarian Alireza , Radagdam Saeed , Porzour Maghsoud
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Leptin polymorphism (LEP) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CAD), obesity, and high body mass index (BMI). However, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to discover the association because previous studies reached different conclusions.

Methods

Review Manager, version 5.3.5, and Stata, version 15.0, were used for statistical analysis. We calculated the effect size of the studies using the OR with the corresponding 95% CI, and two-sided (bilateral) p-values of 0.05 were considered significant. To determine heterogeneity among the selected studies, the Q test and I2 statistics were used. Meta-regression was used to examine the disease (heart disease, obesity, and high BMI) and heterogeneity between these subgroups.

Results

Eleven studies with 18,984 subjects were included in this study. The G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) polymorphisms of the leptin gene (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our pooled analysis revealed an association between the G-2548A (rs12112075) polymorphism and heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. This indicates that individuals carrying the AA allele are at an increased risk for heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. People with heart failure and coronary artery disease did not have the rs7799039 polymorphism or its alleles linked to them.

Conclusions

Combined analysis of data from current and published research suggests that the leptin gene polymorphisms G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to understand this association.
“Keep the Receipts:” The Political Economy of IMF Austerity During and After the Crisis Years of 2009 and 2020
Authors: Ray Rebecca , Gallagher Kevin P. , Kring William
Published: September 2022

In 2009, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reformed its lending arrangements and conditionality. Thereafter, it has pursued “parsimony,” emphasizing headline fiscal adjustments rather than detailed budgetary changes. This paper analyzes the extent to which these reforms have resulted in changes to the overall austerity required by IMF agreements. We create a new variable measuring the level of fiscal consolidation required in each IMF program from 2001 through 2021 the IMF Fiscal Adjustment Indicator (IMF FAI). We explore whether IMF austerity eased after the financial crisis and the later COVID-19 pandemic. We also estimate the economic and political determinants that help explain varying levels of IMF austerity across IMF programs during this period. We find that IMF conditions were less austere for the years of 2009 and 2020, but quickly returned to their previous levels, echoing the IMF’s advice to “keep the receipts” during crises. However, these temporary relaxations were not statistically significant, pointing to overarching continuity. We find that countries that were granted relatively more lenient conditionality were found to be those with closer relations with major shareholders of the IMF: Western Europe and the United States. In contrast, countries with close diplomatic relations with China face higher IMF austerity.
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy and portal hypertension
Authors: Lu Christopher , Yoo Min , De Luigi Arthur J.
Published: September 2022

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a condition that produces exercise-induced pain and swelling due to a transient increase in compartment pressures. It is thought to be due to muscle hypertrophy and is classically associated with young athletes under 30, overtraining, anabolic steroid use, and aberrant running biomechanics. We present a unique case of CECS in a patient without the traditional risk factors but rather diagnosed with cardiac cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This patient’s exercise-induced bilateral leg pain met the CECS criteria for leg compartment pressure testing and was attributed to fluid retention secondary to his comorbidities. His symptoms significantly improved after initiating diuretic pharmacotherapy. Based on our literature review, there is a dearth of literature associating CECS with specific chronic cardiac or hepatic conditions as well as describing its incidence in these conditions.
Iatrogenic hyperthyroidism in primary congenital hypothyroidism: prevalence and predictive factors
Authors: Chooprasertsuk Nuanpan , Dejkhamron Prapai , Unachak Kevalee , Wejaphikul Karn
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a preventable cause of mental retardation. Iatrogenic hyperthyroidism has occasionally been reported using the recommended LT4 dosage. Currently, information regarding iatrogenic hyperthyroidism and predictive factors for permanent hypothyroidism (P-CH) among Thai patients is lacking. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and factors for predicting iatrogenic hyperthyroidism at one month after LT4 initiation and for predicting P-CH in primary CH infants.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study involved 87 infants with primary CH. Patients were classified by thyroid status at one month after LT4 initiation. At 3 years, patients were reevaluated after LT4 cessation and assigned as P-CH or transient CH (T-CH). Differences between groups were analyzed.

Results

One month after LT4 initiation, 35.6% of patients were classified as having iatrogenic hyperthyroidism. An initial LT4 dose of 10.2 μg/kg/day (sensitivity 64.5%, specificity 71.4%) was a suitable cutoff value for predicting iatrogenic hyperthyroidism, wherein 55.6 and 21.6% of patients were treated with initial doses of ≥10.2 and <10.2 μg/kg/day, respectively (p=0.004). Initial LT4 dose was the only predictive factor for thyroid status after initial treatment. At reevaluation, 47.4% of patients were diagnosed with P-CH. LT4 dosage at 3 years of age was significantly higher in patients with P-CH (3.3 vs. 2.85 μg/kg/day, p=0.02) and the only relevant factor for predicting P-CH.

Conclusions

Iatrogenic hyperthyroidism is common among infants with primary CH when treated with the recommended LT4 dosage. LT4 dose was the only factor for predicting iatrogenic hyperthyroidism after LT4 initiation and the diagnosis of P-CH.
Study of the frequency and clinical features of maturity-onset diabetes in the young in the pediatric and adolescent diabetes population in Iran
Authors: Zamanfar Daniel , Ferdosipour Fatemeh , Ebrahimi Pirooz , Moghadam Mohamad , Amoli Mahsa M. , Asadi Mojgan , Monajati Mahila
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), an autosomal dominant disease, is frequently misdiagnosed as type 1 or 2 diabetes. Molecular diagnosis is essential to distinguish them. This study was done to investigate the prevalence of MODY subtypes and patients’ clinical characteristics.

Methods

A total of 43 out of 230 individuals with diabetes were selected based on the age of diagnosis >6 months, family history of diabetes, absence of marked obesity, and measurable C-peptide. Next-generation and direct SANGER sequencing was performed to screen MODY-related mutations. The variants were interpreted using the Genome Aggregation Database (genomAD), Clinical Variation (ClinVar), and pathogenicity prediction tools.

Results

There were 23 males (53.5%), and the mean age at diabetes diagnosis was 6.7 ± 3.6 years. Sixteen heterozygote single nucleotide variations (SNVs) from 14 patients (14/230, 6%) were detected, frequently GCK (37.5%) and BLK (18.7%). Two novel variants were identified in HNF4A and ABCC8. Half of the detected variants were categorized as likely pathogenic. Most prediction tools predicted Ser28Cys in HNF4A as benign and Tyr123Phe in ABCC8 as a pathogenic SNV. Six cases (42.8%) with positive MODY SNVs had islet autoantibodies. At diagnosis, age, HbA1c, and C-peptide level were similar between SNV-positive and negative patients.

Conclusions

This is the first study investigating 14 variants of MODY in Iran. The results recommend genetic screening for MODY in individuals with unusual type 1 or 2 diabetes even without family history. Treatment modifies depending on the type of patients’ MODY and is associated with the quality of life.