bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and Technology Collaboratories: Innovating aging research and Alzheimer's care
Authors: Abadir Peter , Oh Esther , Chellappa Rama , Choudhry Niteesh , Demiris George , Ganesan Deepak , Karlawish Jason , Marlin Benjamin , Li Rose M. , Dehak Najim , Arbaje Alicia , Unberath Mathias , Cudjoe Thomas , Chute Christopher , Moore Jason H. , Phan Phillip , Samus Quincy , Schoenborn Nancy L. , Battle Alexis , Walston Jeremy D.
Published: February 2024

This perspective outlines the Artificial Intelligence and Technology Collaboratories (AITC) at Johns Hopkins University, University of Pennsylvania, and University of Massachusetts, highlighting their roles in developing AI‐based technologies for older adult care, particularly targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD). These National Institute on Aging (NIA) centers foster collaboration among clinicians, gerontologists, ethicists, business professionals, and engineers to create AI solutions. Key activities include identifying technology needs, stakeholder engagement, training, mentoring, data integration, and navigating ethical challenges. The objective is to apply these innovations effectively in real‐world scenarios, including in rural settings. In addition, the AITC focuses on developing best practices for AI application in the care of older adults, facilitating pilot studies, and addressing ethical concerns related to technology development for older adults with cognitive impairment, with the ultimate aim of improving the lives of older adults and their caregivers.

Highlights

Addressing the complex needs of older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires a comprehensive approach, integrating medical and social support. Current gaps in training, techniques, tools, and expertise hinder uniform access across communities and health care settings.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies hold promise in transforming care for this demographic. Yet, transitioning these innovations from concept to marketable products presents significant challenges, often stalling promising advancements in the developmental phase.

The Artificial Intelligence and Technology Collaboratories (AITC) program, funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), presents a viable model. These Collaboratories foster the development and implementation of AI methods and technologies through projects aimed at improving care for older Americans, particularly those with AD, and promote the sharing of best practices in AI and technology integration.

Why Does This Matter? The National Institute on Aging (NIA) Artificial Intelligence and Technology Collaboratories (AITC) program's mission is to accelerate the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and new technologies for the betterment of older adults, especially those with dementia. By bridging scientific and technological expertise, fostering clinical and industry partnerships, and enhancing the sharing of best practices, this program can significantly improve the health and quality of life for older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Switching Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Pathways through Electronic Tuning of Copper Porphyrins
Authors: Peng Xinyang , Zhang Mengchun , Qin Haonan , Han Jinxiu , Xu Yuhan , Li Wenzi , Zhang Xue‐Peng , Zhang Wei , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Cao Rui
Published: February 2024

The electronic structure of metal complexes plays key roles in determining their catalytic features. However, controlling electronic structures to regulate reaction mechanisms is of fundamental interest but has been rarely presented. Herein, we report electronic tuning of Cu porphyrins to switch pathways of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Through controllable and regioselective β‐oxidation of Cu porphyrin 1, we synthesized analogues 2–4 with one or two β‐lactone groups in either a cis or trans configuration. Complexes 1–4 have the same Cu‐N4 core site but different electronic structures. Although β‐oxidation led to large anodic shifts of reductions, 1–4 displayed similar HER activities in terms of close overpotentials. With electrochemical, chemical and theoretical results, we show that the catalytically active species switches from a CuI species for 1 to a Cu0 species for 4. This work is thus significant to present mechanism‐controllable HER via electronic tuning of catalysts.
Site‐Isolated Rhodium(II) Metalloradicals Catalyze Olefin Hydrofunctionalization
Authors: Qiu Zihang , Deng Hao , Neumann Constanze N.
Published: February 2024

Rh(II) porphyrin complexes display pronounced metal‐centered radical character and the ability to activate small molecules under mild conditions, but catalysis with Rh(II) porphyrins is extremely rare. In addition to facile dimerization, Rh(II) porphyrins readily engage in kinetically and thermodynamically facile reactions involving two Rh(II) centers to generate stable Rh(III)−X intermediates that obstruct turnover in thermal catalysis. Here we report site isolation of Rh(II) metalloradicals in a MOF host, which not only protects Rh(II) metalloradicals against dimerization, but also allows them to participate in thermal catalysis. Access to PCN‐224 or PCN‐222 in which the porphyrin linkers are fully metalated by Rh(II) in the absence of any accompanying Rh(0) nanoparticles was achieved via the first direct MOF synthesis with a linker containing a transition‐metal alkyl moiety, followed by Rh(III)−C bond photolysis.
Balancing strength and sustainability: Incorporating recycled tyres and pawpaw fibre in polystyrene composites
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale George , Abdulkareem Sulyman Age , Amoloye Mubarak A. , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere , Ezzat Abdelrahman O. , Iwuozor Kingsley O. , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A. , Aransiola Favour Taiye , Oyekunle Ifeoluwa Peter
Published: February 2024

The study presents the development and characterization of rubberized fibrillated polystyrene composites using recycled rubber tires and pawpaw fibres. The composites were prepared by varying the proportions of rubber and fibre. FTIR, SEM, EDX and hardness testing were used to characterize the composites. FTIR spectroscopy revealed distinct peaks, including hydroxyl and amine, but with a notable absence of the O‐H group in nearly all composites, affirming their durability and potential suitability for applications in moist environments. SEM results showed that the introduction of rubber tires did not significantly alter the smooth and fine‐grained nature of the polystyrene resin, whereas the inclusion of pawpaw fibre resulted in an irregular and coarse surface. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the hardness of the composites was dependent on the composition, with rubber‐rich composites being more flexible and pawpaw‐fibre‐rich composites exhibiting greater rigidity.
Hydrophobic polymer nano hybrid ternary composite electrode for nanomolar tracing of Cd2+ ions
Authors: Mane Savita S. , Joshi Girish M.
Published: February 2024

In the present study, we reported the successful synthesis of a ternary nano hybrid polymer composite system obtained by solution casting. Composing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) derived ECM ternary electrode. It demonstrated an excellent electrochemical sensor performance and a more efficient supercapacitor. Chemical structure of hybrid electrode Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) illustrated the CS and CN stretching with MoS2 and CNT new bands (at 1368 and 1032 cm−1). FE‐SEM and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 3D topographic image identified the decreased rough morphology of the hybrid electrode. Whereas contact angle measurements revealed the enhanced wettability of electrode system. Microporous nature of the hybrid electrode was observed through SEM investigation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the nano hybrid entity in a hybrid electrode system. XRD and TEM investigation confirmed semicrystalline phase of the hybrid electrode system due to the presence of MoS2. D band, G bands, E12g and A1g vibrational modes in Raman spectroscopy revealed the occupied hybrid filler CNTs and MoS2. An electroactive site for the Cd2+ ion sensor was confirmed by the ECM/PGE hybrid electrode. It comply the desirable sensor qualities, such as excellent selectivity, reproducibility and repeatability with a high accuracy and lower detection limit of 15 nM. Additionally, the ECM/PGE electrode demonstrated a capacitive nature with an aerial capacitance of 73 μF/cm2 at an applied current density of 3 μA/cm2. Furthermore, it exhibited a power density of 44 mW/cm2 and an energy density of 148 μWh/cm2 over a wide potential range of 1 V.
The effect of antimicrobial peptide HX‐12C on the properties of chitosan/polyacrylic acid hydrogel
Authors: Tang Dongfang , Du Jingxuan , Zhao Xiongjie , Cai Yucong , Zou Jiayi , Qi Jieqiong , Liu Xin , Qin Zuodong , Tang Wufei
Published: February 2024

Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) hydrogel is a novel biomaterial widely used in wound healing. However, there have been limited studies investigating the effect of AMP on hydrogel properties so far. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of the AMP HX‐12C on the chitosan/polyacrylic acid (CS/PAA) double‐network (DN) hydrogel. The results showed that the mechanical properties of CS/PAA/HX‐12C hydrogel are significantly improved compared with those of CS/PAA hydrogel. The maximum tensile stress increased from 41.0 to 258.5 KPa, and the compression stress required for 80% hydrogel deformation increased from 3.7 to 6.7 MPa. Furthermore, the thermal stability of CS/PAA/HX‐12C showed a noticeable enhancement when compared with CS/PAA hydrogel. In addition, the CS/PAA/HX‐12C hydrogel exhibited improved porosity and swelling performance. The addition of HX‐12C significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of the hydrogel against Escherichia coli and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Cytotoxicity test showed that the viability of L929 cell remained above 90% after treatment with CS/PAA/HX‐12C hydrogel extract, indicating the good biocompatibility. In conclusion, AMP assuredly enhances the mechanical property, swelling performance and antimicrobial activity of hydrogel. The CS/PAA/HX‐12C hydrogel shows potential for use as anti‐infective medical material.
Gelatin‐based air‐entraining agents for ordinary portland cement: Chelate Ca2+ and reduce surface tension
Authors: Gao Xianshu , Tang Pengfei , Gu Tao , Zhuang Jia , Zhang Hongping
Published: February 2024

Introducing uniform, stable, and small pores by adding air‐entraining agents (AEAs) is an effective strategy for improving the freeze–thaw resistance and workability of cement concrete materials. In this study, the gelatin with hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups was used as an AEA for cement concrete materials and systematically studied its effect on the performance of cement mortar specimens. The results showed that gelatin has a surfactant‐like function and can effectively reduce the surface tension of the gas–liquid interface. In an alkaline environment, Ca2+ ions in cement pore solution chelate with carboxylate ions formed by carboxyl ionization, further enhancing the performance of gelatin‐based AEAs. Thanks to the reduction in surface activity and carboxyl ionization, introducing gelatin increased the porosity of cement mortar specimens from 0.53% to 2.69%. Furthermore, introducing an appropriate amount (>0.1 wt%) of gelatin does not significantly impact the workability or mechanical properties of cement mortar. Based on these characteristics, gelatin has potential as an AEA for cement concrete materials.
Sulfonyl thioureas with a benzo[d]thiazole ring as dual acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase and human monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors: An in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Dinh Thanh Nguyen , Son Hai Do , Ngoc Toan Vu , Thi Kim Van Hoang , Thi Kim Giang Nguyen , Minh Tri Nguyen
Published: February 2024

A series of sulfonyl thioureas 6a–q containing a benzo[d]thiazole ring with an ester functional group was synthesized from corresponding substituted 2‐aminobenzo[d]thiazoles 3a–q and p‐toluenesulfonyl isothiocyanate. They had remarkable inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO)‐A, and MAO‐B. Among thioureas, several compounds had notable activity in the order of 6k > 6 h > 6c (AChE), 6j > 6g > 6k (BChE), 6k > 6g > 6f (MAO‐A), and 6i > 6k > 6h (MAO‐B). Compound 6k was an inhibitor of interest due to its potent or good activity against all studied enzymes, with IC50 values of 0.027 ± 0.008 μM (AChE), 0.043 ± 0.004 μM (BChE), 0.353 ± 0.01 μM (MAO‐A), and 0.716 ± 0.02 μM (MAO‐B). This inhibitory capacity was comparable to that of the reference drugs for each enzyme. Kinetic studies of two compounds with potential activity, 6k (against AChE) and 6j (against BChE), had shown that both 6k and 6j followed competitive‐type enzyme inhibition, with Ki constants of 24.49 and 12.16 nM, respectively. Induced fit docking studies for enzymes 4EY7, 7BO4, 2BXR, and 2BYB showed active interactions between sulfonyl thioureas of benzo[d]thiazoles and the residues in the active pocket with ligands 6k, 6i, and 6j, respectively. The stability of the ligand–protein complexes while each ligand entered the active site of each enzyme (4EY7, 7BO4, 2BXR, or 2BYB) was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations.
Liquid Metal Encased in Biomimic Polydopamine Armor to Reinforce Photothermal Conversion and Photothermal Stability
Authors: Wei Wei , Ai Libang , Li Minhao , Hou Fengming , Xiong Can , Li Yihang , Wei Ang
Published: February 2024

Liquid metal (LM) faces numerous obstacles like spontaneous coalescence, prone oxidizability, and deterioration in photothermal conversion, impeding the potential application as photothermal agent. To tackle these issues, several studies have focused on surface engineering strategy. Developing a feasible and efficient surface engineering strategy is crucial to prevent the aggregation and coalescence of LM, while also ensuring exceptional photothermal conversion and biosecurity. In order to achieve these goals in this work, the biomimetic polydopamine (PDA) armor was chosen to encase a typical LM (eutectic gallium‐indium‐tin alloy) via self‐polymerization. Characterization results showed that the PDA encased LM nanoparticle exhibited enhanced photothermal stability, photothermal conversion, and biosecurity, which could be derived from the following factors: (1) The PDA protective shell acted as an “armor”, isolating LM from dissolved oxygen and water, inhibiting heating‐accelerated oxidation and shape morphing. (2) The exceptional near‐infrared absorption of PDA was conducive to the photothermal conversion. (3) The biomimetic characteristic of polydopamine (PDA) was advantageous for improving the biosecurity. Hence, this work presented a new surface engineering strategy to reinforce LM for photothermal conversion application.
Perspectives on Development of Optoelectronic Materials in Artificial Intelligence Age
Authors: Yuan Ting , Song Xianzhi , Shi Yuxin , Wei Shuyan , Han Yuyi , Yang Linjuan , Zhang Yang , Li Xiaohong , Li Yunchao , Shen Lin , Fan Louzhen
Published: February 2024

Optoelectronic devices, such as light‐emitting diodes, have been demonstrated as one of the most demanded forthcoming display and lighting technologies because of their low cost, low power consumption, high brightness, and high contrast. The improvement of device performance relies on advances in precisely designing novelty functional materials, including light‐emitting materials, hosts, hole/electron transport materials, and yet which is a time‐consuming, laborious and resource‐intensive task. Recently, machine learning (ML) has shown great prospects to accelerate material discovery and property enhancement. This review will summarize the workflow of ML in optoelectronic materials discovery, including data collection, feature engineering, model selection, model evaluation and model application. We highlight multiple recent applications of machine‐learned potentials in various optoelectronic functional materials, ranging from semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) or perovskite QDs, organic molecules to carbon‐based nanomaterials. We furthermore discuss the current challenges to fully realize the potential of ML‐assisted materials design for optoelectronics applications. It is anticipated that this review will provide critical insights to inspire new exciting discoveries on ML‐guided of high‐performance optoelectronic devices with a combined effort from different disciplines.
The impact of measurement on clinical trials: Comparison of preliminary outcomes of a brief mobile intervention for autistic adults using multiple measurement approaches
Authors: Mournet Annabelle M. , Gunin Gabrielle , Shinall Jacqueline , Brennan Emily , Jadav Nikita , Istvan Emily , Kleiman Evan M. , Bal Vanessa H.
Published: February 2024

Initial studies of the emotional safety plan (ESP), a new, brief telehealth and mobile intervention to support autistic adults to cope with periods of distress, have reported feasibility and acceptability (Bal et al., 2023, Autism, 1–13). Herein we report the preliminary clinical outcomes of thirty‐six autistic adults who developed a personalized ESP, with a specific interest in comparing “outcomes” demonstrated by different instruments and assessment frequencies in order to inform outcome measurement in future clinical trials. Comparison of pre‐intervention baseline to post‐monitoring outcome (pre–post) anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 [GAD‐7]) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 [PHQ‐9]) revealed medium effect sizes for reduction in symptoms, though, low effect sizes were observed for pre–post Adult Self‐report Anxiety and Depressive Problems scales and the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory Reactivity and Dysphoria scales. Weekly assessments showed an initial decrease in GAD‐7 anxiety symptoms but no effect on weekly PHQ‐9 depressive ratings. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data suggested that, when participants reported feeling sad or agitated and used the ESP, reduced negative feelings and increased positive states were reported in subsequent EMA. Perhaps not surprisingly, preliminary outcomes of these feasibility trials differed depending on measure chosen. Implications for the design of clinical trials are discussed.
Study of selenium enrichment metabolomics in Bacillus subtilis BSN313 via transcriptome analysis
Authors: Ullah Asad , Yin Xian , Naveed Muhammad , Aslam Sadar , Chan Malik Wajid Hussain , Bo Sun , Wang Fenghuan , Xu Bo , Xu Baocai , Yu Zhou
Published: February 2024

In this study, the transcriptome analysis was practiced to identify potential genes of probiotic Bacillus subtilis BSN313 involved in selenium (Se) enrichment metabolism. The transcriptomic variation of the strain was deliberated in presence of three different sodium selenite concentrations (0, 3, and 20 μg/mL). The samples were taken at 1 and 13 h subsequent to inoculation of selenite and gene expression profiles in Se metabolism were analyzed through RNA sequencing. The gene expression levels of the pre log phase were lower than the stationary phase. It is because, the bacteria has maximum grown with high concentration of Se (enriched with organic Se), at stationary phase. Bacterial culture containing 3 μg/mL concentration of inorganic Se (sodium selenite) has shown highest gene expression as compared to no or high concentration of Se. This concentration (3 μg/mL) of sodium selenite (as Se) in the medium promoted the upregulation of thioredoxin reductase expression, whereas its higher Se concentration inhibited the formation of selenomethionine (SeMet). The result of 5 L bioreactor fermentation showed that SeMet was also detected in the fermentation supernatant as the growth entered in the late stationary phase and reached up to 857.3 ng/mL. The overall intracellular SeMet enriched content in BSN313 was extended up to 23.4 μg/g dry cell weight. The other two selenoamino acids (Se‐AAs), methyl‐selenocysteine, and selenocysteine were hardly detected in medium supernatant. From this study, it was concluded that SeMet was the highest content of organic Se byproduct biosynthesized by B. subtilis BSN313 strain in Se‐enriched medium during stationary phase. Thus, B. subtilis BSN313 can be considered a commercial probiotic strain that can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This is because it can meet the commercial demand for Se‐AAs (SeMet) in both industries.
Feasibility of wood as a renewable carbon feedstock for the production of chemicals in Europe
Authors: Arts Wouter , Storms Ilié , Van Aelst Joost , Lagrain Bert , Verbist Bruno , Van Orshoven Jos , Verkerk Pieter Johannes , Vermeiren Walter , Lange Jean‐Paul , Muys Bart , Sels Bert F.
Published: February 2024

In transitioning to a carbon‐neutral chemical industry, the intake of fossil feedstocks will have to be reduced by maximizing end‐of‐life product recycling and introducing alternative feedstocks based on renewable carbon. This perspective article analyses the potential of domestically grown and sourced woody biomass for the supply of renewable carbon for chemicals in Europe. The European chemical industry can become a major consumer of woody biomass in a context where burning wood for energy production is viewed as an unsustainable practice.
Mental health, bullying and school connectedness: A comparative analysis of school transition at age 11 from within the Welsh education system
Authors: Donaldson Caitlyn , Morgan Kelly , Page Nicholas , Angel Lianna , Moore Graham
Published: February 2024

While transition from primary to secondary school is a positive experience for many young people, for others, it may be a difficult period of adjustment. Socioeconomic status (SES) may influence the likelihood of a positive or negative transition experience owing to differences in psychosocial (self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, social support) and flexible (cultural capital, financial support, power) resources to respond to the challenges presented by a new school environment. Welsh all‐age schools do not have a typical primary to secondary school transition and offer an opportunity for comparative analysis to explore the impact of transition on young people. This analysis used multilevel and structural equation modelling to assess differences in mental health and bullying outcomes in year 7 (first year of secondary education) in young people in all‐age schools compared with those in secondary schools. It also considered whether school connectedness might explain these differences. It found that school type did not significantly predict outcomes at a population level; however, there was evidence of an interaction between SES and school attended for some outcomes. Peer problems, conduct problems and bullying victimisation were lower for children with low SES when attending all‐age schools. For children with high SES, the same outcomes tended to be more positive if the children attended secondary schools. There was no evidence that school connectedness mediated the relationship between school type and mental health or bullying outcomes. Findings provide tentative evidence that all‐age schools may act to reduce health inequalities caused by SES.
Metal‐triggered supramolecular hydrogels based on bipyridine ligand possessing hydrazine moieties with metal ions
Authors: Go Kayeong , Kim Sehee , Kim MinHye , Choi Heekyoung , Jung Sung Ho , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: February 2024

Bipyridine‐based gelator 1 having two D‐alanine units was prepared, and its gelation ability was evaluated in the presence of Co(NO3)2 and AgNO3 in water. Gelator 1 could gelate H2O in the presence of Co(NO3)2 or AgNO3 (1.0 equiv.) in water. Gelator 1 formed a 2:1 (1:Co2+) octahedral complex with Co2+, whereas it formed a 2:1 (1:Ag+) tetrahedral complex with Ag+. The metallosupramolecular hydrogel with Co2+ assembled into a left‐handed helical fiber, whereas that with Ag+ assembled into a nanorod structure. 1H NMR and FTIR analyses revealed that π–π stacking and intermolecular hydrogen bonds acted as the driving force for the formation of the supramolecular nanoarchitectures. Furthermore, to characterize the viscoelastic properties of hydrogels, rheology experiments were conducted at 25°C, including time, strain, and frequency sweeps.
A theoretical study for the linear free energy relationship of CH bond activation and the role of the axial ligand in cytochrome P450 model complexes
Authors: Kwon Soobin , Choi Yun‐Cheol , Kim Yongho
Published: February 2024

Hydrogen abstraction is essential for CH bond activation by Compound I in cytochrome P450 and is influenced by various factors, including spin states, bond dissociation energies of the CH and FeOH bonds, axial ligands, and quantum mechanical tunneling. The role of axial ligands has been extensively studied, but it is still not fully understood. To explore their role, we used density functional theory calculations to determine whether a linear free energy relationship is established for the hydrogen transfer reaction, according to changes in axial ligands. The B3LYP* functional exhibits a strong linear correlation, but the slopes are inconsistent with the characteristics of the transition state. Natural bond orbital analysis reveals no direct orbital interaction between axial ligands and the reaction center of hydrogen transfer. The electron‐donating orbitals of the axial ligands weaken the FeO bond, lowering the energy barrier, but they do not directly participate in the intrinsic hydrogen transfer. During the reaction, the FeO bond length increases significantly before the hydrogen transfer itself, generating an asynchronous shift in the bond orders, and most of the activation energy is used for the increase in the FeO bond rather than the hydrogen transfer itself. This study may explain why there is no apparent correlation between the rate constants and the FeO bond strength.
Synthesis of diverse aryl‐substituted amino propanes
Authors: Yoo Seyeon , Yi Sojeong , Ha Hyun‐Joon
Published: February 2024

Amines bearing diverse aryl substituents for potential utilities as energy and new materials have been synthesized from aziridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde and diverse aryl‐containing substrates. At first two aryl groups were to yield (aziridine‐2‐yl)‐1,1‐diaryl‐methane which was converted to 5‐diarylmethyl oxazolidin‐2‐one as a synthetic intermediate. They were further reacted with another aryl group in the presence of methanesulfonic acid to yield 2,3,3‐triarylpropylamine with the possible carbenium ion intermediate. In addition, this reaction with a second additional phenolic aryl group gave rise to the diversely substituted 3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐(2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐2‐yl)methanamine derived from the intramolecular aziridine ring‐opening reaction by hydroxy group at phenol.
Determination of three C18‐oxygenated steroids in adrenal lesion segments in primary aldosteronism by super‐selective adrenal venous sampling and LC/ESI–MS/MS
Authors: Mizumoto Yuka , Hirakawa Ayaka , Sugiura Yuki , Nishikawa Tetsuo , Nishimoto Koshiro , Mano Yasunari , Higashi Tatsuya
Published: February 2024

Super‐selective adrenal venous sampling (ssAVS) can collect the adrenal tributary venous blood in the aldosterone (ALD)‐hypersecreting segments in primary aldosteronism. The concentrations of the C18‐oxygenated steroids, especially 18‐oxocortisol (18‐oxoF), in the lesion segments might be more useful indices than those in the peripheral or adrenal central veins (current candidate indexes) for the differential diagnosis of unilateral ALD‐producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). To verify this hypothesis, we developed a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI–MS/MS) method for simultaneously quantifying ALD, 18‐oxoF and 18‐hydroxycortisol in the adrenal tributary venous serum sample collected by ssAVS (ssAVS serum) and compared their concentrations between APA and BAH patients. Only deproteinization was required for a 10 μl sample prior to the LC/ESI–MS/MS analysis. Endogenous corticoids did not interfere with the quantifications, and the intra‐assay and interassay precisions (≤ 8.3%) and accuracies (94.2–102.7%) were acceptable. The clinical study revealed that the 18‐oxoF concentration was significantly higher in the ALD‐producing tumor tissues (from APA patients) than in the hyperplastic tissues (from BAH patients). However, in conclusion, the 18‐oxoF concentration in the ssAVS serum sample can be a rough indication but cannot be decisive for the differential diagnosis between APA and BAH owing to the significant individual difference.
Exploring the associations between physical activity level, cognitive performance, and response to computerized cognitive training among chronic stroke patients
Authors: Sanders Anne‐Marthe , Richard Geneviève , Kolskår Knut , Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Alnæs Dag , Dørum Erlend S. , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Pedersen Mads L. , Nordvik Jan Egil , Westlye Lars T.
Published: February 2024

Background

Post‐stroke attentional and working memory deficits are common and represent relevant predictors of long‐term functional recovery and outcome. The individual responses to cognitive rehabilitation and interventions vary between patients and are influenced by multiple factors. Recently, a link between the level of engagement in physical activities and cognitive rehabilitation has been suggested. However, few previous studies have tested the predictive value of physical activity on cognitive performance and response to cognitive training among chronic stroke patients. There is also a lack of knowledge concerning the prognostic value of index stroke characteristics on physical activity in chronic phase.

Method

In this cross‐sectional and longitudinal study, including stroke survivors suffering mild‐to‐moderate strokes (n = 52, mean age = 70 years), we used Bayesian regression to test the association between cognitive performance and response to a 3‐week intervention with a commonly used computerized cognitive training (CCT) system and baseline physical activity level measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire. We also tested the association between physical activity level in chronic phase and stroke characteristics, including stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), ischemic stroke etiology (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment), and stroke location (n = 66, mean age = 68 years). For descriptive purposes, we included 104 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (mean age = 69 years).

Results

The analyses revealed anecdotal evidence of a positive association between overall cognitive performance and daily minutes of sedentary behavior, indicating that better cognitive performance was associated with more daily hours of sitting still. We found no support for an association between cognitive performance and response to CCT with activity level. In addition, the analysis showed group differences in sedentary behavior between patients with small‐vessel disease (n = 20) and cardioembolism (n = 7), indicating more sedentary behavior in patients with small‐vessel disease. There was no further support for a predictive value of index stroke characteristics on physical activity level.

Conclusion

The results do not support that baseline physical activity level is a relevant predictor of the overall performance or response to CCT in this sample of chronic stroke patients. Similarly, the analyses revealed little evidence for an association between index stroke characteristics and future activity level in patients surviving mild‐to‐moderate stroke.
Prediction of clinical progression of subjective cognitive decline through alterations in morphology and structural covariance networks
Authors: Hu Zheqi , Zhang Xue , Hou Xinle , Wang Lianlian , Chen Haifeng , Huang Lili , Yang Dan , Mo Yuting , Xu Yun , Bai Feng
Published: February 2024

Background

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a preclinical, asymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Early identification and assessment of progressive SCD is crucial for preventing the onset of AD.

Methods

The study recruited 60 individuals diagnosed with SCD from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Participants were divided into two groups: progressive SCD (pSCD, 23 individuals) and stable SCD (sSCD, 37 individuals) based on their progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) within 5 years. Cortical thickness, volumes of the hippocampus subfield, and subcortical regions were analyzed using T1‐weighted images and the FreeSurfer software. Network‐based statistics (NBS) were performed to compare structural covariance networks (SCNs) between the two groups.

Results

Results showed that the pSCD group showed significant atrophy of the hippocampal‐fimbria (p = .018) and cortical thinning in the left transverse temporal (cluster size 71.84 mm2, cluster‐wise corrected p value = .0004) and left middle temporal gyrus (cluster size 45.05 mm2, cluster‐wise corrected p value = .00639). The combination of these MRI features demonstrated high accuracy (AUC of 0.86, sensitivity of 78.3%, and specificity of 89.3%). NBS analysis revealed that pSCD individuals showed an increase in structural networks within the default mode network (DMN) and a decrease in structural connections between the somatomotor network (Motor) and DMN networks.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that atrophy of the hippocampus and thinning of the cortex may serve as effective biomarkers for early identification of individuals at high risk of cognitive decline. Changes in connectivity within and outside of the DMN may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of pSCD.
Barriers to adopting circular business models: A cross‐sectoral analysis
Authors: Brändström Johan , Jazairy Amer , Roos Lindgreen Erik
Published: February 2024

Firm‐level adoption of circular business models is a crucial part of the transition toward circular economy, but companies that delve into such pursuits often encounter a series of barriers that hamper their success. Although multiple studies on barriers to circular economy have been made, there is a lack of understanding of how barriers are formed under firm‐specific characteristics such as sectoral conditions and the type of circular business model adopted. To bridge this gap, we illustrate a barrier framework in a multiple‐case study including nine Swedish firms. We derived about 28 barriers within five categories of circularity approaches (design, waste, service, platform, and nature) across three sectors (furniture, electronics, and garment). This research contributes to the circular economy literature by revealing how adhering to certain sectors and circular business approaches significantly changes the way barriers are perceived by firms. The outcomes may support both practitioners and policymakers as they facilitate circular economy transitions.
Referred molecular testing as a barrier to optimal treatment decision making in metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer: Experience at a tertiary academic institution in Canada
Authors: Grafham Grace K. , Craddock Kenneth J. , Huang Weei‐Yuarn , Louie Alexander V. , Zhang Liying , Hwang David M. , Parmar Ambica
Published: February 2024

Background

Molecular testing is critical to guiding treatment approaches in patients with metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), with testing delays adversely impacting the timeliness of treatment decisions. Here, we aimed to evaluate the time from initial mNSCLC diagnosis to treatment decision (TTD) following implementation of in‐house EGFR, ALK, and PD‐L1 testing at our institution.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 165 patients (send‐out testing, n = 92; in‐house testing, n = 73) with newly diagnosed mNSCLC treated at our institution. Data were compared during the send‐out (March 2017–May 2019) and in‐house (July 2019–March 2021) testing periods. We performed a detailed workflow analysis to provide insight on the pre‐analytic, analytic, and post‐analytic intervals that constituted the total TTD.

Results

TTD was significantly shorter with in‐house testing (10 days vs. 18 days, p < 0.0001), driven largely by decreased internal handling and specimen transit times (2 days vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001) and laboratory turnaround times (TAT, 3 days vs. 8 days, p < 0.0001), with 96% of in‐house cases meeting the international guideline of a ≤ 10‐day intra‐laboratory TAT (vs. 74% send‐out, p < 0.001). Eighty‐eight percent of patients with in‐house testing had results available at their first oncology consultation (vs. 52% send‐out, p < 0.0001), and all patients with in‐house testing had results available at the time of treatment decision (vs. 86% send‐out, p = 0.57).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the advantages of in‐house biomarker testing for mNSCLC at a tertiary oncology center. Incorporation of in‐house testing may reduce barriers to offering personalized medicine by improving the time to optimal systemic therapy decision.
Comparative survival analysis of bladder preservation therapy versus radical cystectomy in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Kang Nai‐Wen , Feng Yin‐Hsun , Lin Kuei‐Li , Chen Yi‐Chen , Ho Chung‐Han , Yang Ching‐Chieh
Published: February 2024

Background

Bladder preservation therapy is an alternative to radical cystectomy in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The purpose of this study is to compare survival outcomes between bladder preservation therapy and radical cystectomy in MIBC patients using an Asian nationwide cancer registry database.

Methods

From the Taiwan Cancer Registry database and the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified bladder cancer patients from 2008 to 2018. The patients with urothelial carcinoma and clinical stage T2‐T4aN0‐1 M0 were included. Propensity score matching by age, gender, clinical stage, cT classification, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score was used between those receiving bladder preservation therapy or radical cystectomy. Overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine the predictive factors of OS, CSS, and DFS.

Results

Following the propensity score matching, 393 MIBC patients were analyzed, 131 (33.3%) receiving bladder preservation therapy and 262 (66.7%) receiving radical cystectomy. After 5 years of the follow‐up period the overall duration was with a median of 15.6 months. The treatment groups did not differ significantly in OS, CSS, and DFS (p = 0.2681, 0.7208, and 0.3616, respectively). In multivariable Cox regression models, bladder preservation therapy remained non‐inferior to radical cystectomy in OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–1.50; p = 0.6689), CSS (aHR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.72–1.57; p = 0.7728), and DFS (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.46–1.27; p = 0.2929). Additionally, among patients ≥80 years, the use of bladder preservation therapy compared with radical cystectomy resulted in an equivalent OS, CSS and DSS.

Conclusion

In Asian populations, bladder preservation therapy yielded similar survival outcomes as radical cystectomy in MIBC patients. Based on the results, it is evident that a multidisciplinary approach and shared decision‐making are recommended for bladder cancer treatment.
Factors Influencing Clinicians', Health Visitors' and Social Workers' Professional Judgements, Decision‐Making and Multidisciplinary Collaboration When Safeguarding Children with Burn Injuries: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cowley Laura E. , Bennett C. Verity , Quinn‐Scoggins Harriet D. , Nuttall Diane , Wilkins David , Kemp Alison M.
Published: February 2024

Burns are a common injury to young children, sometimes related to neglect or physical abuse. Emergency department (ED) clinicians, health visitors and social workers must work collaboratively when safeguarding children with burns; however, little is known about the factors influencing their professional judgements, decision‐making and multidisciplinary collaboration. Objective was to explore factors affecting ED clinicians', health visitors' and social workers' professional judgements and decision‐making when children present to the ED with burns, and experiences of multidisciplinary collaboration, to identify areas for improvement. This was a qualitative semi‐structured interview study using purposive and snowball sampling to recruit participants. Data were analysed using ‘codebook’ thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: ‘perceived roles and responsibilities when safeguarding children with burn injuries’, ‘factors influencing judgment of risk and decision‐making’, ‘information sharing’ and ‘barriers and facilitators to successful multidisciplinary collaboration’. There is limited understanding between the groups about each other's roles. Each agency is dependent on one another to understand the full picture; however, information sharing is lacking in detail and context and hindered by organisational and resource constraints. Formal opportunities for multiagency team working such as strategy meetings can be facilitators of more successful collaborations. Professionals may benefit from multiagency training to improve understanding of one another's roles. Greater detail and context are needed when notifying health visitors of burn injuries in children or making a referral to children's services.
Alkaloids from Fritillaria przewalskii Bulbs and Their Anti‐Alzheimer's Disease Activities
Authors: Ma Rui‐Xue , Zhang Shu‐Li , Lin Feng‐Ke , Zhu Ming‐Ming , Zhu Dong‐Rong , Liu Yu‐Ming
Published: February 2024

Three undescribed isosteroidal alkaloids, przewalskines A−C (1–3), as well as seven known alkaloids (4–10) were obtained from Fritillaria przewalskii bulbs. Their structures were deduced by extensive HRESIMS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR analyses, and their bioactivities were evaluated involving the anti–inflammatory and inhibitory potencies on AChE, BChE, and Aβ aggregation. Compound 4 revealed the potent effect on inhibiting Aβ aggregation activity with IC50 value of 33.1 μM, AChE activity with IC50 value of 6.9 μM, and also showed NO release inhibitory acitivity with IC50 value of 32.6 μM. These findings contribute new multi‐.target anti–AD agents and embody the chemical diversity of F. przewalskii.
Systematic Analysis of the MIO‐forming Residues of Aromatic Ammonia Lyases
Authors: Brack Yannik , Sun Chenghai , Yi Dong , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: February 2024

Aromatic ammonia lyases (AALs) and tyrosine/phenylalanine ammonia mutases (TAM/PAM) are 3,5‐dihydro‐5‐methylidene‐4H‐imidazol‐4‐one (MIO)‐dependent enzymes. Usually, the MIO moiety is autocatalytically formed from the tripeptide Ala‐Ser‐Gly (ASG) and acts as an electrophile during the enzymatic reaction. However, the MIO‐forming residues (ASG) have some diversity in this enzyme class. In this work, a systematic investigation on the variety of MIO‐forming residues was carried out using in‐depth sequence analyses. Several protein clusters of AAL‐like enzymes with unusual MIO‐forming residues such as ACG, TSG, SSG, and CSG were identified, including two novel histidine ammonia lyases and one PAM with CSG and TSG residues, respectively, as well as three novel ergothioneine trimethylammonia lyases without MIO motif. The mutagenesis of common MIO‐groups confirmed the function of these MIO variants, which provides good starting points for future functional prediction and mutagenesis research of AALs.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides from Alkenes via in situ Generated Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Ramakrishnan Ashok , Bouwman Elisabeth
Published: February 2024

We herein present a carbonylative strategy to synthesize carboxylic acid anhydrides from alkenes from in situ generated carboxylic acids. Formic acid (FA) reacts with alkene and CO under catalytic conditions to generate carboxylic acids. With our established palladium‐based catalytic reaction conditions and modulating the alkene:formic acid ratio to at least 2 : 1, acid anhydrides were effectively generated from alkenes. The catalytic process was applied to various alkenes, simple as well as with various functional groups, to give moderate to excellent yields as observed with NMR and upon isolation of the corresponding (linear) amide produced on derivatization. Furthermore, one‐pot derivatization of the reaction mixtures provides direct access to various acyl‐based molecules including phenolic esters, primary amides, thioesters and ketones, which otherwise require special conditions for their synthesis via carbonylation.
Advancements in Ni‐based Catalysts for Direct Urea Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Putri Yulia M. T. A. , Syauqi Muhammad I. , Rahmawati Isnaini , Aliyah Aliyah , Sanjaya Afiten R. , Ivandini Tribidasari A.
Published: February 2024

The growing demand for sustainable energy sources has spurred significant studies to optimize the potency of fuel cell technology. Direct urea fuel cell (DUFC) has gained attention due to their energy density, eco‐friendliness, and potential applications in power generation using urea from various sources, including wastewater and urine. Efficient electrocatalysts are pivotal in DUFCs, and nickel‐based catalysts, particularly in the form of NiOOH, have demonstrated cost effectiveness, excellent stability in alkaline media, and good activity for urea oxidation reaction. However, low‐density and durability are still the major limitation in the overall DUFC performance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest development in Ni‐based catalysts, covering synthesis methods, factors influencing the catalytic activity as well as their implications for DUFC performance durability and commercial viability. In addition, another important factor including the use of different oxidant and electrolyte medium is also elaborated. Based on this review, 2D‐3D Ni‐based materials with the addition of other metals and the use of non‐oxide nickel binary compound are predicted to be the future evolution of the effective nickel‐based catalysts.
A Simple Manganese(I) Catalyst for the Efficient and Selective Hydrophosphination of Olefins with PH3, Primary, and Secondary Phosphanes
Authors: Wani Aabid A. , Carballo Juan José Gamboa , Jayaprakash Harikrishnan , Wörle Michael , Widera Anna , Togni Antonio , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: February 2024

A tridentate ligand L with a P,NH,N donor motif was synthesized in few steps from commercially available precursors. Upon reaction with [MnBr(CO)5], an octahedral 18‐electron complex [Mn(CO)3(L)]Br (1) is obtained in which L adopts a facial arrangement. After deprotonation of the NH group in the cationic complex unit, a neutral Mn(I) amido complex [Mn(CO)2(L‐H)] (2) is formed under loss of CO. Rearrangement of L‐H leads to a trigonal bipyramidal structure in which the P and N donor centers are in trans position. Further deprotonation of 2 results in a dep‐blue anionic complex fragment [Mn(CO)2(L‐2H)]− (3). DFT calculations and a QTAIM analysis show that the amido complex 2 contains a Mn‐N bond with partial double bond character and 3 an aromatic MnN2C2 ring. The anion [Mn(CO)2(L‐2H)]− reacts with Ph2PH to give a phosphido complex, which serves as phosphide transfer reagent to activated olefins. But the catalytic activity is low. However, the neutral amido complex 2 is an excellent catalyst and with loadings as low as 0.04 mol %, turn over frequencies of >40’000 h−1 can be achieved. Furthermore, secondary and primary alkyl phosphines as well as PH3 can be added in a catalytic hydrophosphination reaction to a wide range of activated olefins such as α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, esters, and nitriles. But also, vinyl pyridine and some styrene derivatives are converted into the corresponding phosphanes.