bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASXL3 Is a Novel Pluripotency Factor in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shukla Vivek , Rao Mahadev , Zhang Hongen , Beers Jeanette , Wangsa Darawalee , Wangsa Danny , Buishand Floryne O. , Wang Yonghong , Yu Zhiya , Stevenson Holly S. , Reardon Emily S. , McLoughlin Kaitlin C. , Kaufman Andrew S. , Payabyab Eden C. , Hong Julie A. , Zhang Mary , Davis Sean , Edelman Daniel , Chen Guokai , Miettinen Markku M. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Ried Thomas , Meltzer Paul A. , Schrump David S.
Published: September 2017

In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from normal human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) to investigate epigenetic mechanisms of stemness and pluripotency in lung cancers. We documented key hallmarks of reprogramming in lung iPSCs (Lu-iPSC) that coincided with modulation of more than 15,000 genes relative to parental SAECs. Of particular novelty, we identified the PRC2-associated protein, ASXL3, which was markedly upregulated in Lu-iPSCs and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) lines and clinical specimens. ASXL3 overexpression correlated with increased genomic copy number in SCLC lines. ASXL3 silencing inhibited proliferation, clonogenicity, and teratoma formation by Lu-iPSCs, and diminished clonogenicity and malignant growth of SCLC cells in vivo. Collectively, our studies validate the utility of the Lu-iPSC model for elucidating epigenetic mechanisms contributing to pulmonary carcinogenesis and highlight ASXL3 as a novel candidate target for SCLC therapy. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6267–81. ©2017 AACR.
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells through the Activation of Nrf2/Caspase-3 Signaling
Authors: Zhou Xiuli , Liang Liwen , Zhao Yan , Zhang Hong
Published: September 2017

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) shows antioxidant activity against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis. Materials and Methods: The viability of HUVECs was revealed by MTT and LDH assay. The cell apoptosis was detected by FITC-PI assay. A fluorescent probe assay was used to measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HUVECs. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-3, -4, -8, -9 activities were also measured. Results: We found that Ang II treatment increased the generation of ROS, enhanced MPTP opening and cytochrome c release, activated caspase-3/9, and consequently induced HUVEC apoptosis. EGCG treatment-suppressed Ang II induces the oxidative stress of HUVECs and mitochondria-related cell apoptosis. We also showed that the antioxidant activity pathway, including cytochrome c release, MPTP opening, and caspase-3/9 activation, is a key endogenous defensive system in HUVECs, provoking Ang II exposure. Our study revealed that increased expression of Nrf2 by EGCG could partially repress Ang II-induced injury effects. Conclusions: All of our findings indicated that EGCG treatment provides a protective effect for Ang II-induced HUVEC apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress and ameliorating mitochondrial injury.
The Human RNA Surveillance Factor UPF1 Modulates Gastric Cancer Progression by Targeting Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1
Authors: Li Li , Geng Yingying , Feng Ru , Zhu Qinqin , Miao Bei , Cao Jiang , Fei Sujuan
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims: The long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is overexpressed in numerous cancers. However, whether MALAT1 is regulated and the related mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR analyses were used to detect the expression levels of UPF1 and MALAT1 in gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues. MTT, cell cycle, apoptosis and transwell assays were performed to examine the effects of UPF1 on cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Additionally, sodium bisulfate sequencing was used to test the promoter hypermethylation on UPF1 in gastric tumor tissues. Finally, RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter analyses demonstrated that UPF1 directly bound with MALAT1. Results: The expression of UPF1 was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer and negatively correlated with MALAT1 expression. Patients with lower expression of UPF1 had poorer prognosis than those with higher expression. Overexpression of UPF1 inhibited cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell migration and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, the UPF1-mediated inhibition of gastric cancer progression was reversed by overexpression of MALAT1. A profound downregulation of UPF1 in gastric tumor tissues was due to promoter hypermethylation. Overexpression of UPF1 increased nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) efficiency and thus led to downregulation of MALAT1. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that UPF1 is a potential modulator of MALAT1 and that UPF1/MALAT1 pathway could be a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Antagomirs Targeting MicroRNA-134 Increase Limk1 Levels After Experimental Seizures in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Sun Jiahang , Gao Xiaoying , Meng Dawei , Xu Yang , Wang Xichun , Gu Xin , Guo Mian , Shao Xiaodong , Yan Hongwen , Jiang Chuanlu , Zheng Yongri
Published: September 2017

Background: MiR-134 is enriched in dendrites of hippocampal neurons and plays crucial roles in the progress of epilepsy. The present study aims to investigate the effects of antagomirs targeting miroRNA-134 (Ant-134) on limk1 expression and the binding of miR-134 and limk1 in experimental seizure. Methods: Status epilepticus (SE) rat model was established by lithium chloride-pilocarpine injection and was treated with Ant-134 by intracerebroventricular injection. Low Mg2+-exposed primary neurons were used as an in vitro model of SE. The expression of miR-134 was determined using real-time PCR. Protein expressions of limk1 and cofilin were determined by Western blotting. Luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the binding between miR-134 and limk1 3’-untranslated region. Results: The expression of miR-134 was markedly enhanced in hippocampus of the SE rats and low Mg2+-exposed neurons. Ant-134 increased the expression of limk1 and reduced the expression of cofilin in the SE hippocampus and Low Mg2+-exposed neurons. In addition, luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-134 bound limk1 3’-UTR. MiR-134 overexpression inhibited limk1 mRNA and protein expressions in neurons. Conclusion: Blockage of miR-134 upregulates limk1 expression and downregulated cofilin expression in hippocampus of the SE rats. This mechanism may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of Ant-134.
A Novel Role of SIRT1/ FGF-21 in Taurine Protection Against Cafeteria Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Rats
Authors: Abd Elwahab Azza H. , Ramadan Basma K. , Schaalan  Mona F. , Tolba Amina M.
Published: September 2017

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the alarmingly rising clinical problems in the 21st century with no effective drug treatment until now. Taurine is an essential amino acid in humans that proved efficacy as a non-pharmacological therapy in a plethora of diseases; however, its impact on NAFLD remains elusive. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the protective mechanism of taurine in experimental steatohepatitis induced by junk food given as cafeteria-diet (CAF-D) in male albino rats. Methods: Forty adult male albino rats of local strain between 8-10 weeks old, weighing 150 ± 20 g, were divided into four equal groups: Group I (control group), Group II (Taurine group), Group III (CAF-D for 12 weeks) and Group IV (CAF-D +Taurine). CAF-D was given in addition to the standard chow for 12 weeks, where each rat was given one piece of beef burger fried in 15 g of sunflower oil, one teaspoonful of mayonnaise, and one piece of petit pan bread, weighing 60g/ piece. In the serum, liver function tests; ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and the lipid profile; TG, TC, HDL-C added to reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed colorimetrically, while fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, adiponectin & interleukin (IL)-6 via ELISA. The same technique was used for the assays of the hepatic levels of FGF-21, silent information regulator (SIRT1), malondialdehyde (MDA),IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the apoptotic markers; caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2). Results: The cafeteria-diet induced steatohepatitis was reflected by significantly increased body and liver weight gain, elevation of liver enzymes; ALT, AST, ALP and GGT added to the dyslipidemic panel, presented as increased TC, TG, LDL-C and decreased HDL-C levels. The steatosis-induced inflammatory milieu, marked by elevated serum levels of FGF-21, IL-6, hepatic TNF-α, as well as reduced IL-10 and adiponectin, was associated with steatosis- induced hepatic oxidative stress, reflected by increased hepatic MDA and decreased GSH levels, along with stimulated caspase-3 and decline in BcL-2 hepatic levels. These pathological disturbances were significantly ameliorated by taurine supplementation and evidenced histopathologically. The cross talk between hepatic FGF-21 and SIRT1 and their association to the induced perturbations are novel findings in this study. Taurine's efficacy in restoration of hepatic structure and function is partially via the increase in SIRT1 and associated reduction of FGF-21. Conclusion: The findings of the current study prove the protective role of taurine in NAFLD via a novel role in the amelioration of FGF-21/ SIRT1 axis, which could be considered a new therapeutic target.
Status of Vitamin A and Related Compounds and Clinical Outcomes in Maternal-Infant Pairs in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Hanson Corrine , Schumacher Marina , Lyden Elizabeth , Furtado Jeremy , Van Ormer Matthew , McGinn Elizabeth , Rilett Katherine , Cave Caleb , Johnson Rebecca , Weishaar Kara , Anderson-Berry Ann
Published: September 2017

Background: Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for pregnant women, and other vitamin A-related compounds, including lutein and lycopene, have been associated with maternal-infant outcomes. The objective of this study was to quantify the status of vitamin A and related compounds in maternal-infant pairs at the time of delivery, and to determine its impact on clinical outcomes. Methods: Maternal and cord blood samples were collected in 189 mother-infant pairs. Concentrations of lutein + zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, carotenes, and retinol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Descriptive statistics was calculated and Spearman coefficients were used to assess correlations between maternal and cord measurements. Kruskal-Wallis and independent samples t test were used to compare measures between retinol groups. Linear and logistic regression models were used to adjust for relevant confounders. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Ten percent of mothers had serum retinol concentrations ≤0.70 µmol/L; 80% of infants had serum retinol concentrations ≤0.70 µmol/L. Low maternal retinol concentrations were associated with maternal anemia (p = 0.04) and a trend toward low birth weight (p = 0.06). Maternal and infant concentrations of vitamin A compounds were highly correlated. After adjustment for confounders, maternal lutein was associated with a C-section (p = 0.03) and a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome in the infant (p = 0.02). Maternal lycopene was associated with growth parameters in the infant. Conclusions: As vitamin A-related compounds are modifiable by diet, future research determining the clinical impact of these compounds is warranted.
Scavenger Receptor CD36 Directs Nonclassical Monocyte Patrolling Along the Endothelium During Early Atherogenesis
Authors: Marcovecchio Paola M. , Thomas Graham D. , Mikulski Zbigniew , Ehinger Erik , Mueller Karin A.L. , Blatchley Amy , Wu Runpei , Miller Yury I. , Nguyen Anh Tram , Taylor Angela M. , McNamara Coleen A. , Ley Klaus , Hedrick Catherine C.
Published: September 2017

Objective—

Nonclassical monocytes (NCM) function to maintain vascular homeostasis by crawling or patrolling along the vessel wall. This subset of monocytes responds to viruses, tumor cells, and other pathogens to aid in protection of the host. In this study, we wished to determine how early atherogenesis impacts NCM patrolling in the vasculature.

Approach and Results—

To study the role of NCM in early atherogenesis, we quantified the patrolling behaviors of NCM in ApoE
−/−
(apolipoprotein E) and C57BL/6J mice fed a Western diet. Using intravital imaging, we found that NCM from Western diet–fed mice display a 4-fold increase in patrolling activity within large peripheral blood vessels. Both human and mouse NCM preferentially engulfed OxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) in the vasculature, and we observed that OxLDL selectively induced NCM patrolling in vivo. Induction of patrolling during early atherogenesis required scavenger receptor CD36, as CD36
−/−
mice revealed a significant reduction in patrolling activity along the femoral vasculature. Mechanistically, we found that CD36-regulated patrolling was mediated by a SFK (src family kinase) through DAP12 (DNAX activating protein of 12KDa) adaptor protein.

Conclusions—

Our studies show a novel pathway for induction of NCM patrolling along the vascular wall during early atherogenesis. Mice fed a Western diet showed increased NCM patrolling activity with a concurrent increase in SFK phosphorylation. This patrolling activity was lost in the absence of either CD36 or DAP12. These data suggest that NCM function in an atheroprotective manner through sensing and responding to oxidized lipoprotein moieties via scavenger receptor engagement during early atherogenesis.
Impact of Stroke Risk Factors on Ethnic Stroke Disparities Among Midlife Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites
Authors: Patel Rajiv C. , Sánchez Brisa N. , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Li Chengwei , Lisabeth Lynda D.
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

We examined the contribution of stroke risk factors to midlife (age 45–59 years) Mexican American and non-Hispanic White ischemic stroke (IS) rate disparities from 2000 to 2010.

Methods—

Incident IS cases (n=707) and risk factors were identified from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project, Nueces County, TX (2000–2010). US Census data (2000–2010) were used to estimate the population at-risk for IS, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2000–2010) was used to estimate risk factor prevalence in the stroke-free population. Poisson regression models combined IS counts (numerator) and population at-risk counts (denominator) classified by ethnicity and risk factor status to estimate unadjusted and risk factor–adjusted associations between ethnicity and IS rates. Separate models were run for each risk factor and extended to include an interaction term between ethnicity and risk factor.

Results—

The crude rate ratio (RR) for ethnicity (Mexican American versus non-Hispanic White) was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71–2.36) and was attenuated in models that adjusted for diabetes mellitus (RR: 1.50; 95% CI, 1.26–1.78) and hypertension (RR: 1.84; 95% CI, 1.50–2.26). In addition, diabetes mellitus had a stronger association with IS rates among Mexican Americans (RR: 6.42; 95% CI, 5.31–7.76) compared with non-Hispanic Whites (RR: 4.07; 95% CI, 3.68–4.51).

Conclusions—

The higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and stronger association of diabetes mellitus with IS among midlife Mexican Americans likely contribute to persistent midlife ethnic stroke disparities.
Civil War & the Current International System
Authors: Fearon James D.
Published: September 2017

This essay sketches an explanation for the global spread of civil war up to the early 1990s and the partial recession since then, arguing that some of the decline is likely due to policy responses by major powers working principally through the United Nations. Unfortunately, the spread of civil war and state collapse to the Middle East and North Africa region in the last fifteen years has posed one set of problems that the current policy repertoire cannot address well–for several reasons, conflicts in this region are resistant to “treatment” by international peacekeeping operations–and has highlighted a second, deeper problem whose effects are gradually worsening and for which there does not appear to be any good solution within the constraints of the present UN system. That is, for many civil war–torn or “postconflict” countries, third parties do not know how to help locals build a self-governing, self-financing state within UN-recognized borders or, in some cases, any borders.
Civil Wars as Challenges to the Modern International System
Authors: Spruyt Hendrik
Published: September 2017

The current international system is based on Westphalian principles in which authority is defined territorially. Within this territory, the state has sole jurisdiction. Adherence to these principles has contributed to the decline of interstate war. Conversely, applying these principles and correlated norms to states that gained their independence after 1945 has contributed to civil conflicts. These norms are opaque, as is the case with the principle of self-determination; or they lock in an unstable status quo, as with uti possidetis, the principle that borders inherited at the moment of independence should always be maintained; or they are inconsistently applied and often violated, as with the principle of noninterference. Consequently, they provide poor guidelines as to when, and on which grounds, external intervention in civil wars might be warranted. I argue that the degree to which the combatants challenge Westphalian principles should guide policy responses. Furthermore, the international legal regime should reconsider uti possidetis. In some instances, partition might be a reasonable solution to civil wars.
Building Security Forces & Stabilizing Nations: The Problem of Agency
Authors: Biddle Stephen
Published: September 2017

After fifteen years of war in Afghanistan and Iraq, many now see “small-footprint” security force assistance (SFA)–training, advising, and equipping allied militaries–as an alternative to large U.S. ground-force commitments to stabilize weak states. SFA, however, confronts challenges of interest misalignment between the United States and its typical partners. The resulting agency losses often limit SFA's real ability to improve partners' military effectiveness. For SFA, small footprints usually mean small payoffs.
Civil Wars & the Structure of World Power
Authors: Posen Barry R.
Published: September 2017

The “policy science” of civil wars, which emerged in the early 1990s, included deeply embedded assumptions about the nature of the international political system. It was taken for granted that the United States would remain the strongest power by a wide margin, and that it would lead a liberal coalition that included virtually all the other strong states in the world. Some students of international politics believe that the nature of the system is changing. Though the United States is likely to remain much more powerful than its global competitors, several consequential powers have emerged to challenge U.S. leadership and produce a multipolar system. As power begins to even out at the top of the international system, the influence of middle powers may also grow. This new constellation of power seems likely to magnify disagreements about how states suffering civil wars should be stabilized, limit preventive diplomacy, produce external intervention that will make for longer and more destructive wars, and render settlements more difficult to police.
Estimating the Relationship Between Preschool Attendance and Kindergarten Science Achievement: Implications for Early Science Achievement Gaps
Authors: Curran F. Chris
Published: September 2017

Recent evidence demonstrates that disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in science achievement are present in the earliest grades of school. Preschool represents one potential policy solution; however, little research has explored the relationship between preschool attendance and science outcomes. This study examines whether preschool participation may improve science outcomes overall and reduce science achievement gaps by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study of 2011, this study uses school and classroom fixed effects models with a robust set of controls to estimate the relationship between preschool attendance and early science outcomes. Results suggest that attending preschool is predictive of higher teacher-rated science ability in the fall of kindergarten but that preschool is not predictive of higher science achievement in the spring of kindergarten. The relationship is not found to consistently differ by student race, socioeconomic status, or gender, though descriptive results demonstrate that subgroups have different patterns of preschool attendance. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Resounding Memory: Aural Augmented Reality and the Retelling of History
Authors: Soria-Martínez Verónica
Published: September 2017

This text discusses sound art projects in which artists have used augmented reality along with recordings or data of public spaces. All the works mentioned here were carried out in Spain from 2010 to 2016. In them, memories become tied to the physical space through social interactions facilitated by communication technologies; listeners get involved through the use of mobile devices. These practices consider the role of sound in the display of memories in the public space, thus configuring a subjective memory that contrasts with the institutional narrations of the history of a place.
Times Square: Strategies and Contingencies of Preserving Sonic Art
Authors: Eppley Charles
Published: September 2017

The author traces the artistic and institutional complexities of preserving sonic art. He situates these problems in an analysis of the iconic public sound installation Times Square (1977–1992; 2002–present), which was constructed in an abandoned subway ventilation chamber by sonic artist Max Neuhaus (1939–2009). Next, the author describes how it aided a revitalization of the Times Square district but fell into disrepair and was dismantled in 1992. The author then describes a 2002 reconstruction that incorporated long-term speculative self-preservation strategies. Finally, the author discusses the acquisition of Times Square by the Dia Art Foundation, highlighting challenges that circumscribe preserving sonic art.
DATs, MiniDiscs and the Self-Idiomatic Archive
Authors: Bullock Michael T.
Published: September 2017

The author discusses recent efforts to archive his personal catalog of live recordings on Digital Audio Tape (DAT) and MiniDisc and the challenges that arise in returning to these once popular, now defunct formats. The materialized history represented by the objects puts pressure on the memories of what they contain.
Corposing a History of Electronic Music
Authors: Collins Nick
Published: September 2017

A current research project led by the author has collated nearly 2,000 historic electronic music works for the purposes of musicology; nonetheless, this collection is highly amenable to composition. New pieces can be realized by rendering a selected chronology of electronic music history. The context is a wider field of compositional endeavor in “corposition” over large audio databases especially opened up by new research in music information retrieval.
LOOP: A Circular Ferric Memory in Slow Decline
Authors: Dalgleish Mat
Published: September 2017

The author describes the manipulation of time and memory in his work LOOP, a tape-based sound installation started in 2004.
A Work for the Jewish Soul of Warsaw, Old and New
Authors: Ligeti Lukas
Published: September 2017

In 2015, Lukas Ligeti created a site-specific, audience-interactive performance work while in residence at the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. Based on interviews with residents of Warsaw, the piece examined aural memories of Jewish life in the city, tracing the extermination and re-emergence of the Jewish community through speech and songs as well as creative musicians’ reimaginings of these memories, with computer technology as a mediator.
Sensitivity analysis of human brain structural network construction
Authors: Wei Kuang , Cieslak Matthew , Greene Clint , Grafton Scott T. , Carlson Jean M.
Published: September 2017

Network neuroscience leverages diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and tractography to quantify structural connectivity of the human brain. However, scientists and practitioners lack a clear understanding of the effects of varying tractography parameters on the constructed structural networks. With diffusion images from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we characterize how structural networks are impacted by the spatial resolution of brain atlases, total number of tractography streamlines, and grey matter dilation with various graph metrics. We demonstrate how injudicious combinations of highly refined brain parcellations and low numbers of streamlines may inadvertently lead to disconnected network models with isolated nodes. Furthermore, we provide solutions to significantly reduce the likelihood of generating disconnected networks. In addition, for different tractography parameters, we investigate the distributions of values taken by various graph metrics across the population of HCP subjects. Analyzing the ranks of individual subjects within the graph metric distributions, we find that the ranks of individuals are affected differently by atlas scale changes. Our work serves as a guideline for researchers to optimize the selection of tractography parameters and illustrates how biological characteristics of the brain derived in network neuroscience studies can be affected by the choice of atlas parcellation schemes.
Legal Status of Maximum Sustainable Yield Concept in International Fisheries Law and Its Adoption in the Marine Fisheries Regime of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Al Arif Abdullah
Published: September 2017

Maximum sustainable yield, popularly known by its acronym msy, is perhaps the most disputed concept in the realm of international fisheries law. The first part of this article briefly describes the genesis, development and subsequent adoption of the msy concept in international, regional and national fisheries management instruments. The second part documents the criticisms that the msy concept has generated to date and seeks to find out the legal status of the msy concept in international fisheries law. The third part of this article critically examines the adoption of the msy concept in the legal and policy regime for marine fisheries in Bangladesh. The article argues that more rigorous provisions for conservation of marine ecosystem should be incorporated in fisheries management policies of Bangladesh instead of solely relying on the msy concept as an objective of fisheries management.
Cancer strigosus Linnaeus, 1760: neotype selection, its identification with Cancer cancharus Linnaeus, 1758, and reversal of precedence (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheidae)
Authors: AHYONG SHANE T. , TAN SWEE HEE , LOW MARTYN E. Y. , MACPHERSON ENRIQUE
Published: September 2017

The squat lobster Galathea strigosa (Linnaeus, 1760) (Galatheidae) was first described as Cancer strigosus by Linnaeus (1760: 495) from material collected by A. Martin “in Mari Norvegico” (Norwegian Seas) (inadvertently indicated in error as “southern Devon, England” by Baba et al. 2008). The species is widely-distributed in the northeastern Atlantic including the Mediterranean Sea and the name is in current and prevailing usage (see references cited below); it is also the type species of the highly speciose genus Galathea Fabricius, 1793 (Baba et al. 2008). The date of publication of Cancer strigosus is conventionally cited as 1761 (e.g., Baba et al. 2008: 78; Poore et al. 2011: xi). Evenhuis (1997: 478), however, showed that the publication in which the name Cancer strigosus was made available (i.e., Fauna Svecica sistens animalia Sveciae regni) was published before 14 November 1760. The date of publication of Cancer strigosus is therefore 1760.
The Frankliniella fauna of Brazil: additions and updated key to species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: LIMA ÉLISON FABRÍCIO BEZERRA , MIYASATO ELISA AIKO
Published: September 2017

Frankliniella bambusae n. sp., F. catharinensis n. sp. and F. piauhyensis n. sp. are described from Brazil, also the first description of the male of F. caseariae Moulton. Newly recorded from Brazil is F. parvula Hood, together with comments on F. tritici (Fitch) and F. musaeperda Hood, and an updated key is provided to the 45 Frankliniella species now known from Brazil. In addition, a key to Frankliniella species whose females have pore plates on sternite III is appended.
A new species of Pegylis Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Pegylini) from Ethiopia
Authors: SEHNAL RICHARD
Published: September 2017

The Afrotropical genus Pegylis Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Pegylini) was recently treated by Lacroix (2015), who keyed and figured most of the known species and divided the genus into six species groups based on the number of antennomeres, shape of male genitalia and number of teeth on the protibia. Unfortunately, Lacroix (2015) overlooked two earlier papers by Harrison (2014a, 2014b). Harrison (2014a, 2014b) provided a phylogenetic analysis of the tribe, synonymised Hypopholis Erichson, 1847 with Pegylis, and redescribed the three known South African species of Pegylis. Based on these papers, the genus Pegylis currently contains 37 species.
The Impact of Climate Change on Hazardous Convective Weather in the United States: Insight from High-Resolution Dynamical Downscaling
Authors: Hoogewind Kimberly A. , Baldwin Michael E. , Trapp Robert J.
Published: September 2017

This study explores the potential impact anthropogenic climate change may have upon hazardous convective weather (HCW; i.e., tornadoes, large hail, and damaging wind gusts) in the United States. Utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, high-resolution (4 km) dynamically downscaled simulations of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 3 (GFDL CM3), are produced for a historical (1971–2000) and future (2071–2100) period. Synthetic HCW day climatologies are created using upward vertical velocity (UVV) exceeding 22 m s−1 as a proxy for HCW occurrence and subsequently compared to the environmental approach of estimating changes in daily frequency of convective environments favorable for HCW (NDSEV) from the driving climate model. Results from the WRF simulations demonstrate that the proxy for HCW becomes more frequent by the end of the twenty-first century, with the greatest absolute increases in daily frequency occurring during the spring and summer. Compared to NDSEV from GFDL CM3, both approaches suggest a longer HCW season, perhaps lengthening by more than a month. The change in environmental estimates are 2–4 times larger than that gauged from WRF; further analyses show that the conditional probability of HCW given NDSEV declines during summer for much of the central United States, a result that may be attributed to both an increase in the magnitude of convective inhibition (CIN) and decreased forcing for ascent, hindering convective initiation. Such an outcome supports the motivation for continued use of dynamical downscaling to overcome the limitations of the GCM-based environmental analysis.
Vertical Modification on Depth-Integrated Ice Shelf Water Plume Modeling Based on an Equilibrium Vertical Profile of Suspended Frazil Ice Concentration
Authors: Cheng Chen , Wang Zhaomin , Liu Chengyan , Xia Ruibin
Published: September 2017

The ice shelf water (ISW) plume is a prevalent phenomenon at the base of an ice shelf or sea ice adjacent to the ice shelf front. Such plumes may become supercooled and deposit marine ice when they rise. In the existing frazil ice–laden ISW plume models, it is generally assumed that supercooling and frazil ice growth can be adequately treated by using depth-averaged freezing temperature and vertically uniform frazil ice concentration within a plume. In reality, however, the temperature deficit and frazil ice concentration both increase toward the top of the plume. Hence, frazil crystals typically experience a greater deficit than that suggested by the plume’s temperature subtracted from its depth-averaged freezing point. In this study, the authors considered the combined nonlinear effects of vertical structures of frazil ice concentration and thermal forcing within an ISW plume by introducing equilibrium vertical profiles of frazil ice concentration into a horizontal two-dimensional depth-integrated ISW plume model. A series of idealized numerical experiments and an observation-based simulation beneath the western side of Ronne Ice Shelf have been conducted by using the vertically modified and original depth-integrated ISW plume models. It was found that the supercooled area, supercooling level, and suspended frazil ice and marine ice productivities are all substantially underestimated by the original models. Moreover, the differences are sensitive to the selected frazil ice size configuration. These results suggest that the vertical modification introduced in this study can significantly improve simulated marine ice distribution and its corresponding production, in comparison with those estimated by previous depth-integrated models.
Pediatric Playground-Related Injuries Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments in the United States
Authors: Adelson Sarah L. , Chounthirath Thitphalak , Hodges Nichole L. , Collins Christy L. , Smith Gary A.
Published: September 2017

This study analyzed pediatric playground-related injuries data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. An estimated 5 025 440 children <18 years were treated in US emergency departments for playground-related injuries during 1990-2012, averaging 218 497 children annually. The average patient age was 6.5 years. The overall annual injury rate declined during 1990-2007 ( P < .001) and then increased during 2007-2012 ( P < .001). The climbing equipment–related injury rate remained constant during 1990-2009 and then increased during 2007-2012 ( P = .014). The concussion/closed head injury rate increased during 1990-2008 ( P < .002) with the rate almost doubling from 2008-2012 ( P < .001). Falls accounted for 76.7% of all injuries and 87.7% of injuries to the upper extremities. Injuries resulted in hospitalization for 4.3% of patients. Despite current playground safety standards and guidelines, a large number of playground-related injuries continue to occur. Revised impact attenuation criteria for playground surfacing materials should be implemented and evaluated to more adequately prevent fall-related upper extremity fractures.
International Organizations and Naming and Shaming: Does the International Monetary Fund Care about the Human Rights Reputation of Its Client?
Authors: Woo Byungwon , Murdie Amanda
Published: September 2017

Does a country’s abuse of human rights influence its ability to get a loan from the International Monetary Fund? We examine whether human rights conditions matter for the likelihood that a country participates in an International Monetary Fund program. We argue that human rights conditions are unlikely to be enough by themselves to influence International Monetary Fund decision-making; there are simply too many countries with poor human rights conditions that are under economic distress. Instead, it is the publicity and information that human rights organizations provide about countries that reduce the likelihood of International Monetary Fund program participation. We test the implications of this reasoning in a global analysis from 1990 to 2009 using an accepted model of International Monetary Fund program participation. We find much support for our hypothesis. We further demonstrate that it is those countries closer to the United States that are most likely to have human rights organization information reduce their likelihood of International Monetary Fund program participation.
The influence of simultaneous interference and enrichment in work–family interaction on work-related outcomes
Authors: Koekemoer Eileen , Strasheim Arien , Cross Robyn
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to determine how work–nonwork interference and work–family enrichment operate simultaneously to influence the work-related outcomes job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and subjective career success. By employing South African work–family instruments, the study tested substantive hypotheses in this regard. A cross-sectional survey design among a sample of permanently employed married parents ( n = 212) was utilised. Statistical analyses included confirmatory factor analyses and validity assessments. Second-order measurement models were utilised in a structural equation modelling to test various hypotheses in this regard. Results indicate that work–nonwork interference and work–family enrichment operate simultaneously and are independently significantly related to work-related outcomes (except work–nonwork interference with commitment). Work–family enrichment was positively related to job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and subjective career success, while work–nonwork interference was found to be negatively related to job satisfaction and subjective career success. The findings suggest that these concepts should not be viewed as opposites on a continuum, but rather as phenomena that act independently in the nomological net of the work–family domain. The findings also suggest that work–family enrichment contributes more to the work-related outcomes than in the case of work–nonwork interference. The implication is that, in order to obtain positive work-related outcomes, it is more important to focus on fostering positive interaction in the work–family context than trying to eliminate the conflict in this regard.
Self-Uncertainty and the Influence of Alternative Goals on Self-Regulation
Authors: Light Alysson E. , Rios Kimberly , DeMarree Kenneth G.
Published: September 2017

The current research examines factors that facilitate or undermine goal pursuit. Past research indicates that attempts to reduce self-uncertainty can result in increased goal motivation. We explore a critical boundary condition of this effect—the presence of alternative goals. Though self-regulatory processes usually keep interest in alternative goals in check, uncertainty reduction may undermine these self-regulatory efforts by (a) reducing conflict monitoring and (b) increasing valuation of alternative goals. As such, reminders of alternative goals will draw effort away from focal goals for self-uncertain (but not self-certain) participants. Across four studies and eight supplemental studies, using different focal goals (e.g., academic achievement, healthy eating) and alternative goals (e.g., social/emotional goals, attractiveness, indulgence), we found that alternative goal salience does not negatively influence goal-directed behavior among participants primed with self-certainty, but that reminders of alternative goals undermine goal pursuit among participants primed with self-uncertainty.
U.S. Floods
Authors: Cigler Beverly A.
Published: September 2017

Floods are the costliest natural hazard events in the United States in terms of lives and property losses. The financial costs of flood disasters are unsustainable, especially for the national government, which assumes the most costs while state and local governments have the greatest ability to avoid great losses due to their influence over land use, economic policy, and other areas that can help mitigate floods and reduce the high costs of relief and recovery. This article summarizes the types, causes, and occurrence of floods in the United States and their unsustainable economic and social costs. It explains that the growing burden to taxpayers from disaster response and recovery has resulted in increased interest by national decision makers in shifting more disaster responsibilities and costs to state and local governments. The article reviews the broad tool kit of mitigation strategies available to local governments and their residents in taking greater responsibility for the impacts of flood events.
Double or Quits: Understanding the Links between Secrecy and Creativity in a Project Development Process
Authors: Courpasson David , Younes Dima
Published: September 2017

Most studies on the links between secrecy and creativity have focused on individual sources of creativity and the impact of organizational management on creative initiatives. However, because of their very focus on individual practices of concealment and personal creative capacities, they have paid scant attention to collective interactions occurring around secrets. In this paper, we illuminate some mechanisms through which the creative work achieved in secret by scientists is enhanced by the exceptional character of their situation within the company. Coping with these exceptional circumstances leads the group to increase commitment, cohesion and efficiency. We theorize creativity as a result of the multiplication of social interactions among individuals and the social consequences of working and cooperating in secret. We show that secrecy can help rather than be detrimental to organizations when it is analysed as a social fabric of interactions around work and common feelings triggered by the risks of working in secret.
A Visual Turn for Organizational Ethnography: Embodying the Subject in Video-Based Research
Authors: Hassard John , Burns Diane , Hyde Paula , Burns John-Paul
Published: September 2017

For organizational ethnography we argue that traditional philosophies of onto-epistemological realism be supplanted by interpretive and reflexive thinking to provide fresh theoretical assumptions and new methodological proposals for film- and video-based research. The argument is developed in three phases: First, to establish analytical context, we explore the historical evolution of the ethnographic organizational documentary and discuss habitual problems – methodological, philosophical and technical – that filmmakers have faced when claiming qualities of directness and objectivity in their work, that is, through the style of ‘film-truth’. Second, to advance new conceptual logic for video-based organizational research, we supplant the objectivist and realist philosophy underpinning traditional documentary filmmaking with sociologically interpretive and reflexive arguments for undertaking ethnography in organizations, a subjective process which importantly yields greater understanding of affect and embodiment. Finally, to define new methodological opportunities, these interpretive and reflexive arguments are marshalled to underpin a strategy of participatory thinking in video-based organizational ethnography – a ‘withness’ approach facilitating a greater sense of affect and embodiment as well as polyvocal interpretation of visual data; a practice which sees filmmakers, social theorists, participants and viewers alike united in analytical space.
Taking up the baton? New campaigning organisations and the enactment of representative functions
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Rye Danny
Published: September 2017

Political parties have historically provided a key means by which citizens gain representation in the state, with parties enabling participation, integration, aggregation, conflict management, and linkage. Over recent years, parties’ representative credentials have declined and new organisations have emerged as vehicles of representation. What is, however, unclear is the extent to which these new organisations have taken on the representative functions parties are traditionally seen to have performed. In this article, we examine Citizens UK and 38 Degrees as indicative examples to argue that, while opportunities for participation and integration can be found, aspects of aggregation, conflict management and linkage are no longer being performed. Diagnosing this change, we argue that these shifts in representation are having significant but as yet unrecognised consequences for how citizens relate to and engage with contemporary politics.
Prevalence of Femoral and Acetabular Version Abnormalities in Patients With Symptomatic Hip Disease: A Controlled Study of 538 Hips
Authors: Lerch Till D. , Todorski Inga A.S. , Steppacher Simon D. , Schmaranzer Florian , Werlen Stefan F. , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Tannast Moritz
Published: September 2017

Background:

Variations in femoral and acetabular version are becoming increasingly recognized as contributing factors to the development of hip pain in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and hip dysplasia. It is still unknown what the true prevalence of these rotational abnormalities is in this patient population.

Purpose:

To determine (1) the prevalence of femoral version abnormalities in symptomatic hips with FAI and hip dysplasia, (2) the prevalence of combined abnormalities of femoral and acetabular version in these patients, and (3) which specific hip morphologies are associated with abnormalities of femoral version.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 462 symptomatic patients (538 hips) were included who had hip pain attributed to FAI or hip dysplasia and who presented to our tertiary referral center for hip preservation surgery between 2011 and 2015. We retrospectively examined femoral and acetabular version among 11 subgroups with predefined hip morphologies and compared findings with a control group. The allocation to each subgroup was based on morphologic reference values for femoral head coverage, lateral center edge angle, alpha angle, and neck-shaft angle calculated on plain radiographs.

Results:

Of the 538 hips included, 52% were found to have abnormal femoral version; severe abnormalities were found in 17%. Severely decreased femoral version (<0°) was found in 5%; moderately decreased femoral version (0°-10°), in 17%; moderately increased femoral version (26°-35°), in 18%; and severely increased femoral version (>35°), in 12%. The most frequent abnormal combination was increased femoral version combined with normal acetabular version (22%). We found significantly lower mean femoral version for the cam-type FAI group (15°) and significantly higher mean femoral version for the Perthes hips (32°; ie, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease) as compared with the control group (22°). The mean femoral version of the study group was 19°; for male patients, 15°; and for female patients, 22°.

Conclusion:

Abnormalities in femoral version are highly prevalent in patients with hip pain who are eligible for hip preservation surgery, and severe abnormalities are prevalent in 1 of 6 patients (17%). Based on these results, the evaluation of young patients with hip pain should always include an assessment of femoral version and acetabular version to best decide what treatment approach should be undertaken to optimize outcomes.