bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DISTANT MIRROR: SOLAR OSCILLATIONS OBSERVED ON NEPTUNE BY THE KEPLER K2 MISSION
Authors: Gaulme P. , Rowe J. F. , Bedding T. R. , Benomar O. , Corsaro E. , Davies G. R. , Hale S. J. , Howe R. , Garcia R. A. , Huber D. , Jiménez A. , Mathur S. , Mosser B. , Appourchaux T. , Boumier P. , Jackiewicz J. , Leibacher J. , Schmider F.-X. , Hammel H. B. , Lissauer J. J. , Marley M. S. , Simon A. A. , Chaplin W. J. , Elsworth Y. , Guzik J. A. , Murphy N. , Aguirre V. Silva
Published: December 2016

Starting in 2014 December, Kepler K
2 observed Neptune continuously for 49 days at a 1 minute cadence. The goals consisted of studying its atmospheric dynamics, detecting its global acoustic oscillations, and those of the Sun, which we report on here. We present the first indirect detection of solar oscillations in intensity measurements. Beyond the remarkable technical performance, it indicates how Kepler would see a star like the Sun. The result from the global asteroseismic approach, which consists of measuring the oscillation frequency at maximum amplitude ν
max and the mean frequency separation between mode overtones Δν, is surprising as the ν
max measured from Neptune photometry is larger than the accepted value. Compared to the usual reference ν
max,⊙ = 3100 μHz, the asteroseismic scaling relations therefore make the solar mass and radius appear larger by 13.8 ± 5.8% and 4.3 ± 1.9%, respectively. The higher ν
max is caused by a combination of the value of ν
max,⊙, being larger at the time of observations than the usual reference from SOHO/VIRGO/SPM data (3160 ± 10 μHz), and the noise level of the K
2 time series, being 10 times larger than VIRGO’s. The peak-bagging method provides more consistent results: despite a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), we model 10 overtones for degrees ℓ = 0, 1, 2. We compare the K
2 data with simultaneous SOHO/VIRGO/SPM photometry and BiSON velocity measurements. The individual frequencies, widths, and amplitudes mostly match those from VIRGO and BiSON within 1σ, except for the few peaks with the lowest S/N.
A Comparison of Virological Suppression and Rebound between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Persons Initiating Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in a Multisite Cohort of Individuals Living with HIV in Canada
Authors:   Building Bridges,   the Canadian Observational Cohort Collaboration, Benoit Anita C , Younger Jaime , Beaver Kerrigan , Jackson Randy , Loutfy Mona , Masching Renée , Nobis Tony , Nowgesic Earl , O'Brien-Teengs Doe , Whitebird Wanda , Zoccole Art , Hull Mark , Jaworsky Denise , Rachlis Anita , Rourke Sean , Burchell Ann N , Cooper Curtis , Hogg Robert , Klein Marina B , Machouf Nima , Montaner Julio , Tsoukas Chris , Raboud Janet
Published: December 2016

Background

This study compared time to virological suppression and rebound between Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals living with HIV in Canada initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods

Data were from the Canadian Observational Cohort collaboration; eight studies of treatment-naive persons with HIV initiating cART after 1/1/2000. Fine and Gray models were used to estimate the effect of ethnicity on time to virological suppression (two consecutive viral loads [VLs] <50 copies/ml at least 3 months apart) after adjusting for the competing risk of death and time until virological rebound (two consecutive VLs >200 copies/ml at least 3 months apart) following suppression.

Results

Among 7,080 participants were 497 Indigenous persons of whom 413 (83%) were from British Columbia. The cumulative incidence of suppression 1 year after cART initiation was 54% for Indigenous persons, 77% for Caucasian and 80% for African, Caribbean or Black (ACB) persons. The cumulative incidence of rebound 1 year after suppression was 13% for Indigenous persons, 6% for Caucasian and 7% for ACB persons. Indigenous persons were less likely to achieve suppression than Caucasian participants (aHR=0.58, 95% CI 0.50, 0.68), but not more likely to experience rebound (aHR=1.03, 95% CI 0.84, 1.27) after adjusting for age, gender, injection drug use, men having sex with men status, province of residence, baseline VL and CD4+ T-cell count, antiretroviral class and year of cART initiation.

Conclusions

Lower suppression rates among Indigenous persons suggest a need for targeted interventions to improve HIV health outcomes during the first year of treatment when suppression is usually achieved.
Hepatic Safety of Maraviroc in Patients with HIV-1 and Hepatitis C and/or B Virus: 144-Week Results from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Rockstroh Juergen K , Plonski Frank , Bansal Meena , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Small Catherine B , Asmuth David M , Pialoux Gilles , Zhang-Roper Rebecca , Wang Ronnie , Pineda Juan A , Heera Jayvant
Published: December 2016

Background

In the primary 48-week analysis of a hepatic safety trial in patients with HIV-1 coinfected with HBV and/or HCV, maraviroc-containing treatment regimens were not associated with increased hepatotoxicity.

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study, patients received maraviroc twice daily ( n=70) or placebo ( n=67) with concomitant antiretroviral therapy for 144 weeks (Clinicaltrials.gov identifer, NCT01327547). The primary end point was the proportion of patients with protocol-defined Grade 3/4 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormalities through week 48. Key secondary end points included 144-week analysis of Grade 3/4 ALT abnormalities and liver fibrosis by enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) testing, hepatic elastography and an optional biopsy substudy.

Results

Through 144 weeks of treatment, two (maraviroc) and three (placebo) patients met the protocol-defined Grade 3/4 ALT end point. Similar to the 48-week results, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in change from baseline in ELF or hepatic elastography. However, decreased elastography scores were noted in the maraviroc group. Blinded pathologist review suggested that 2 of 11 paired biopsies (both on maraviroc) showed signs of decreased fibrosis. One (maraviroc) and two (placebo) patients experienced treatment-related hepatobiliary adverse events (AEs). Five patients in the maraviroc group discontinued because of treatment-related AEs versus three in the placebo group. One death in the maraviroc group and two deaths in the placebo group were reported.

Conclusions

Use of maraviroc did not increase hepatotoxicity in this population through 144 weeks. Further investigation regarding possible beneficial effects of maraviroc on liver fibrosis may be warranted.
La conflictualité : une modalité de lien où s’arrime la destructivité humaine
Authors: Gaillard Georges
Published: December 2016

En tant que figure-clef de l’hétéronomie, l’Histoire déloge les sujets et les groupes de leurs auto-centrations narcissiques. Simultanément, la conflictualité constitue l’une des issues mises en place par les groupes sociaux pour composer avec la figure de l’Altérité, avec l’autre, avec les autres ; en ce sens, la conflictualité s’oppose au conflit, et elle constitue une modalité de lien indispensable à la vie institutionnelle. Au niveau du sujet, c’est également la conflictualité, interne cette fois, qui, dans sa corrélation avec la conflictualité sociale externe, ouvre au travail de la pensée. Dans cet article, l’accent sera mis sur les dynamiques auxquelles nous sommes confrontés, au quotidien de la vie institutionnelle, et sur les mutations spécifiques qu’entraînent les irruptions « terroristes » actuelles, au niveau du lien social. Une situation de nouages entre un sujet, un groupe professionnel, des usagers, et une institution, permettra par ailleurs, de voir œuvrer les processus de mise en panne de la pensée et la destruction du dialogue interne. Ce texte questionnera donc l’indispensable pluralité conflictuelle que les groupes se doivent d’incarner et de soutenir afin que la destructivité humaine s’arrime dans le lien et dans l’histoire.
Mémoire effacée ? Les langues créoles porte-mémoire de l’esclavage
Authors: Chapellon Sébastien , Lamaison Denis
Published: December 2016

Cet article défend l’idée selon laquelle l’expérience de l’esclavage demeure inconsciemment présente dans la mémoire collective des peuples créoles. Ceux-ci hériteraient en effet de certains des traumatismes subis par leurs ancêtres. Cet héritage collectif transparaîtrait dans les langues traditionnellement utilisées dans les départements d’Outre-mer. Les parlers créoles constitueraient ainsi un porte-mémoire de ce passé longtemps occulté. Aussi cet article propose-t-il de discuter de la façon dont cette histoire douloureuse s’est transmise entre les générations des habitants des anciennes colonies. Pour ce faire, les auteurs s’appuient notamment sur des proverbes créoles. Ils s’intéressent à la manière dont le corps y est mis en mots, pour repérer comment les souffrances endurées par les esclaves ont traversé le temps. Cet article étudie donc à la fois la manière avec laquelle l’entreprise esclavagiste a historiquement concouru à annihiler l’humanité des personnes qui y étaient soumises, tout en analysant les répercussions de ce processus. Au-delà, de façon plus générale, les auteurs invitent à réfléchir à la façon dont chaque société parvient, au fil du temps, à se construire avec les drames collectifs qui ont pu les traverser.
L’aliénation djihadiste, au carrefour de la radicalité adolescente et de la destructivité mélancolique
Authors: Hirsch Denis
Published: December 2016

Petit essai métapsychologique du terrorisme radical religieux. Cet article traite des mécanismes intra-psychiques et inter-psychiques qui aliènent le moi inconscient dans le phénomène du terrorisme radical religieux. S’y intriquent nécessairement la psychologie individuelle et la psychologie collective, comme dans tous processus meurtriers à caractère totalitaire. Trois niveaux complémentaires d’aliénation et de « prise en otage » du moi inconscient sont repérés : 1. Une régression du moi aliéné vers un moi-idéal vampirisé par une idole religieuse. 2. Une identification mélancolique au père déchu et un surmoi cruel « terroriste » qui mène à « l’attentat suicide ». 3. Une communauté de déni et de clivage qui scelle la haine meurtrière envers l’autre semblable mais différent. Enfin, prenant en compte la clinique des adolescents en errance identitaire, le texte ouvre un débat sur l’origine fondamentale de toute violence terrorisme radicale. Elle se situerait au carrefour entre une tentative désespérée de vérifier la survie de l’objet à la destructivité extrême et l’expression d’un masochisme de mort désintriqué.
Latence et sexualité : un couple improbable ?
Authors: Chagnon Jean-Yves , Durand Marie-Laure
Published: December 2016

Cet article porte sur le « traitement » du sexuel infantile pendant la période de latence où il est classique d’avancer l’idée d’une désexualisation du fonctionnement psychique et des relations d’objet. Après avoir défini leurs concepts, rappelé quelles sont les questions qui se posent aujourd’hui concernant l’existence même de la période de latence, les auteurs exposent leurs constats concernant les modalités d’expression du sexuel aux épreuves projectives (Rorschach, tat ) recueillies dans un cadre clinique ou de recherche. L’essentiel des processus de latence tient, selon eux, dans une redistribution de l’investissement pulsionnel sur les processus de représentation et de symbolisation dont les défaillances caractérisent la psychopathologie de cet âge.
Dysphasie de l’enfant et symbolisation transitionnelle
Authors: Taly Véronika
Published: December 2016

Les enfants dysphasiques présentent des troubles de l’activité langagière, en lien avec la symbolisation secondaire. Nous pouvons penser qu’en amont les symbolisations transitionnelles sont elles aussi perturbées. Pour mettre à l’épreuve les symbolisations transitionnelles chez les enfants dysphasiques, nous proposons de prendre appui sur la méthodologie projective dans une perspective psychodynamique. Nous présentons ici les résultats recueillis auprès d’une vingtaine d’enfants dysphasiques rencontrés au sein d’un Centre Référent du Langage.
Troubles de l’écriture, clinique projective et aléas de la symbolisation
Authors: Baudin Massoulier Sylvie , Marcilhacy Charlotte
Published: December 2016

Nous examinons les liens entre la psychogenèse de l’entrée de l’enfant dans l’écriture et l’accès à la symbolisation. Nous tentons de montrer comment certains troubles de l’écriture peuvent s’inscrire dans les aléas du développement psycho-affectif, compte tenu de la valeur symbolique de l’écrit et de son articulation à un fonctionnement psychique singulier qui met en jeu le travail de latence et l’accès à la capacité représentative, articulée à un mode de fonctionnement tiercéisé. En nous appuyant sur la clinique projective, nous envisageons les achoppements du passage à l’écrit à partir d’un cas clinique, et montrons en quoi le conflit psychique peut être chez certains à l’origine pour partie de ce symptôme. Nous évoquons également les voies thérapeutiques de dégagement.
Diagnosis and Management of Distal Clavicle Osteolysis
Authors: DeFroda Steven F. , Nacca Christopher , Waryasz Gregory R. , Owens Brett D.
Published: December 2016

Distal clavicle osteolysis is an uncommon condition that most commonly affects weight lifters and other athletes who perform repetitive overhead activity. Although this condition most commonly presents in young active men, it is becoming increasing more common in women with the rise in popularity of body building and extreme athletics. Distal clavicle osteolysis can be debilitating, especially in those with rigorous training regimens, preventing exercise because of pain with activities such as bench presses and chest flies. Aside from a careful history and physical examination, radiographic evaluation is essential in distinguishing isolated distal clavicle osteolysis from acromioclavicular joint pathology, despite a potentially similar presentation of the 2 conditions. Nonoperative therapy that includes activity modification, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cortisone injections is the first-line management for this condition. Patients whose conditions are refractory to nonoperative modalities may benefit from distal clavicle resection via either open or arthroscopic techniques. Arthroscopic techniques typically are favored because of improved cosmesis and the added benefit of the ability to assess the glenohumeral joint during surgery to rule out concomitant pathology. There are varying operative techniques even within arthroscopic management, with pros and cons of a direct and an indirect surgical approach. Patients often do well after such procedures and are able to return to their preinjury level of participation in a relatively short period. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):119–124.]
Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Repair of Posterior Labral Tears in Patients Older Than 35 Years
Authors: Bateman Dexter K. , Black Eric M. , Lazarus Mark D. , Abboud Joseph A.
Published: December 2016

Although the results of arthroscopic management of posterior labral pathology in young athletes have been reported extensively in the literature, the clinical outcomes in older patients are unknown. This retrospective review included patients older than 35 years who underwent arthroscopic posterior labral repair. Functional outcome scores were collected, and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of patient-specific factors. Forty-three patients met the inclusion criteria; average follow-up was 36.9 months (range, 24–54 months). Mean patient age at the time of surgery was 40.9 years (range, 35–57 years). Average outcome scores at final follow-up were Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Scale (QuickDASH), 19±22; Simple Shoulder Test (SST), 9.9±3; Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), 601±546; and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), 79.6%±23.4%. No significant differences in outcomes were observed in patients with preoperative symptomatic instability, active workers' compensation claims, or traumatic injury (
P
>.05). The presence of intraoperatively definable chondral damage (Outerbridge grade III or higher) was associated with significantly worse final functional outcomes (QuickDASH: 29 vs 11.9,
P
=.03; SST: 8.5 vs 10.9,
P
=.02; WOSI: 875 vs 407,
P
=.01; and SANE: 70.6% vs 86%,
P
=.05). One patient (2%) experienced a minor postoperative complication, and 3 patients (7%) required subsequent procedures: 2 total shoulder arthroplasties and 1 revision labral repair. The results of arthroscopic posterior labral repair in patients older than 35 years were variable and worse than those previously reported in younger patients. The presence of chondral damage at the time of the index procedure was a negative predictive factor. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e305–e311.]
Antibody glycosylation as a potential biomarker for chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases
Authors: Knopf Jasmin , Biermann Mona HC , Muñoz Luis E , Herrmann Martin
Published: December 2016

Glycosylation of immunoglobulins (Ig) is known to influence their effector functions in physiological and pathological conditions. Changes in the glycosylation pattern of immunoglobulin G and autoantibodies in various inflammatory autoimmune diseases have been studied for many years. However, despite extensive research, many questions are still elusive regarding the formation of such differentially glycosylated antibodies and alterations of glycosylation patterns in other immunoglobulin classes for example. Nevertheless, knowledge has been deepened greatly, especially in the field of rheumatoid arthritis. Changes of Ig glycosylation patterns have been shown to appear before onset of the disease and moreover can subject to treatment. In this review, we discuss the potential of detecting Ig glycosylation changes as biomarkers for disease activity or monitoring of patients with chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ANCA-associated vasculitis and Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
Historia de la discapacidad e historia de las emociones: reflexiones sobre Gran Bretaña en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Turner David M.
Published: December 2016

Tanto la Historia de la Discapacidad como la Historia de las Emociones han crecido de manera significativa como campos de investigación. Sin embargo, a pesar de compartir intereses comunes en relación a la salud, el bienestar y la diferencia ha habido poca interacción entre los investigadores que han trabajado en dichas áreas. Este artículo sugiere, usando como estudio de caso la Gran Bretaña del siglo XVIII, la manera en la que el “giro emocional” de la historia puede arrojar luz sobre la discapacidad en el pasado. En esa época distintas teorías sobre las “pasiones”, los “sentimientos” y los “afectos” fueron usadas para describir las causas de las deficiencias o para proporcionar respuestas adecuadas a las mismas. Aunque éste fue un periodo en el que la discapacidad era normalmente vista como una “desgracia” o como un estado que producía “lástima”, una lectura detallada de un conjunto variado de fuentes que incluye desde textos médicos a periódicos y revistas revela que el grado de “infelicidad” asociado a la discapacidad dependía del momento, el contexto y el significado simbólico de ciertas deficiencias.
De la resignación al inconformismo: movimiento asociativo, familia y discapacidad intelectual en la España de Franco (1957-1975)
Authors: Del Cura Mercedes , Martínez-Pérez José
Published: December 2016

El movimiento asociativo relacionado con la discapacidad intelectual comenzó en España durante la segunda parte de la dictadura Franquista. Su aparición fue relativamente tardía respecto a otros países, donde asociaciones de familias y defensores de las personas con discapacidad intelectual llevaban funcionando algún tiempo y estaban comenzado a formar grupos más grandes, primero a nivel europeo y posteriormente a nivel internacional. Los padres españoles fueron los actores principales de este movimiento social. Ellos reclamaron el derecho de sus hijos a recibir una educación adecuada y a tener un futuro más seguro en su etapa adulta. Desde 1959 (el año en que se creaba la primera asociación –ASPRONA— en Valencia) hasta el final del régimen de Franco se crearon más de un centenar de asociaciones familiares en el territorio nacional. Además, en 1964, se creaba la Federación Española de Asociaciones pro Subnormales (FEAPS) con el objeto de cooperar con la administración pública y encargarse de promover la creación de otras agrupaciones y contribuir a su desarrollo. Utilizando como fuentes principales los boletines e informes publicados por estas asociaciones, este artículo explica la aparición del activismo de los padres, describe la extensión de estos grupos y revisa el modo en que las asociaciones construyeron sus identidades y llevaron a cabo las funciones que se plantearon. El artículo analiza también las críticas y los problemas a los que estos grupos tuvieron que enfrentarse y el proceso que les condujo a asumir un discurso más beligerante al finalizar la dictadura.
Trabajadores consumidos - cuerpos discapacitados: la formación del conocimiento histórico tras el giro cultural
Authors: Klein Anne
Published: December 2016

Algunos estudios recientes de la Organización para la Cooperación Económica y el Desarrollo (OECD) hablan de la aparición de nuevos síntomas psicosomáticos en el ámbito del trabajo. Nos encontramos con la paradoja de que a pesar de que el estado de salud y de bienestar crece en la sociedad, las tasas del síndrome de burnout, junto con la ansiedad, adicción y disfunción cada vez son más altas. Uno de cada cinco trabajadores padece algún tipo de enfermedad mental, como depresión o ansiedad, y muchos otros luchan para enfrentarse a ella. Una lectura atenta nos permite ver que el modelo socio-médico domina la investigación, a pesar de que en los últimos 15 años el modelo cultural ha ido cobrando cada vez más importancia. Sin embargo, existen dos puntos relevantes para el conocimiento histórico que necesitan mayor desarrollo: por un lado, existen pocos estudios sobre el trabajo que usen las herramientas de los estudios culturales y, por otro, los estudios sobre discapacidad basados en el modelo cultural raramente abordan el ámbito del sujeto trabajador. Partiendo de este punto de análisis, este artículo pretende estimular la reflexión sobre la formación del conocimiento histórico en el ambito del trabajo. La perspectiva epistemológica de este estudio es la del modelo cultural de la discapacidad: la metodología está basada en los giros espacial, visual y lingüístico. A través del estudio de artefactos históricos como las escenas de películas o las definiciones jurídicas podemos llegar a conocer mejor la manera en que conceptualizamos a los seres humanos. La tesis de este artículo es que durante el siglo XX, la cambiante “microfísica del poder” (Foucault) produjo nuevas formas de subjetivación: bien los trabajadores intentaron ajustarse a los “ritmos de la maquina”, o bien expresaron sus necesidades en forma de “desacuerdo interiorizado”. En el texto se pone de manifiesto que la centralización del cuerpo y la mente parece encontrarse en el corazón de la transformación postfordista. El artículo finaliza subrayando la posibilidad de leer los cuerpos como fuente histórica, un enfoque que Bryan S. Turner ha teorizado en su artículo “Disability and the Sociology of the Body”.
Química, pedagogía y autoridad experta: el Tratado de análisis químico de José Casares Gil (1866-1961) y la construcción de una disciplina científica
Authors: Suay-Matallana Ignacio
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se estudiará cómo José Casares utilizó sus libros de texto y su reconocimiento como experto para consolidar el análisis químico como disciplina en las universidades españolas. En primer lugar se mostrará el papel activo de Casares en la configuración de sus libros de texto. Gracias a sus publicaciones, algunos autores de libros de ciencias se convirtieron en voces autorizadas en su disciplina y las promocionaban en sus contextos locales. El estudio del tratado publicado por Casares muestra también los recursos utilizados por su autor para afirmar su disciplina ante públicos diversos. En segundo lugar se describe el origen y la evolución de su tratado, así como sus principales elementos configurativos. Finalmente, se examinan las estrategias utilizadas por Casares para construir una identidad disciplinar en torno a la química analítica en España.
Males vergonzantes’ y prostitución reglamentada. Rosario, Argentina (1874-1932)
Authors: Luisa Múgica María
Published: December 2016

A fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX las enfermedades venéreas despertaron especial atención en los discursos médicos, periodísticos y políticos. Las normativas municipales en torno a la cuestión de la prostitución y a un conjunto de problemas propios de ciudades, que como Rosario sufrieron un proceso de modernización brusca, daban cuenta de lo mencionado. La prostitución aparecía vinculada en las representaciones epocales con las enfermedades venéreas, en especial, la sífilis y la blenorragia, caracterizadas junto con el alcoholismo y la tuberculosis como algunos de los grandes males sociales evitables. La prostitución era percibida como el principal foco de difusión de éstas. En este trabajos analizamos discursos sobre las enfermedades venéreas, “secretas”, como también se las conocía por entonces, los miedos que despertaban y algunas prácticas profilácticas desplegadas a los efectos de proteger los cuerpos individuales y el cuerpo social de la ciudad en el período de vigencia del sistema de prostitución reglamentada en Rosario (1874-1932).
Ciencia y moral en la prevención de las enfermedades venéreas. La Sociedad Mexicana de Profilaxis Sanitaria y Moral, 1908-1923
Authors: Zavala Ramírez María del Carmen
Published: December 2016

La Sociedad Mexicana de Profilaxis Sanitaria y Moral fue fundada en 1908 con el propósito de luchar contra las enfermedades venéreas. A diferencia de iniciativas anteriores de prevención que se centraban en el control sanitario de la prostitución, la Sociedad promovió la creación de dispensarios para la atención médica de los enfermos, así como la difusión de conocimientos por medio de conferencias y de propaganda impresa. Este artículo analiza las ideas que dieron lugar a la fundación de la Sociedad, los principales mensajes que buscaba difundir, los obstáculos y las críticas que enfrentó, y las causas que la llevaron a su disolución en 1923. El artículo muestra que la ciencia y la moral fueron dos elementos centrales que la Sociedad buscó promover, pues sus integrantes asumieron que las enfermedades venéreas eran un problema sanitario y moral, que debía prevenirse con el control de la voluntad y las pasiones, y llegado el caso, tratarse con la ayuda de médicos calificados.
Límites de la asistencia médica y social durante la Guerra Civil española en una ciudad de retaguardia: la Inclusa del Hospital Provincial de Valencia
Authors: García Ferrandis Xavier , Martínez Vidal Àlvar
Published: December 2016

Debido a su condición geoestratégica durante la Guerra Civil española, Valencia se convirtió en una de las ciudades republicanas que acogieron mayor número de refugiados, entre ellos muchos niños. En este escenario de crisis demográfica y sanitaria, la ciudad tuvo que reestructurar la red de asistencia con el fin de acoger miles de niños desplazados que, a menudo, tenían a sus familiares en lugares muy lejanos. El artículo analiza la readaptación progresiva que acometió la Inclusa del Hospital Provincial de Valencia. Esta sufrió profundos cambios tanto en su funcionamiento como en su demografía sanitaria, sobre todo como consecuencia del traslado a Valencia de la Inclusa de Madrid. El consiguiente hacinamiento favoreció la degradación de la asistencia sanitaria que allí se dispensaba y la propagación de enfermedades infecciosas entre los niños acogidos.
Matronas víctimas de la Guerra Civil Española
Authors: Ruiz-Berdún Dolores , Gomis Alberto
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las consecuencias más graves que tuvo la Guerra Civil española de 1936 sobre el colectivo profesional de las matronas, exclusivamente femenino en esos momentos. A pesar de las dificultades que supone filiar y cuantificar las víctimas mortales de este conflicto bélico, se han identificado a varias matronas que fueron asesinadas durante la contienda por ambos bandos, debido a su afiliación política. Por otro lado, dada la independencia profesional y la relevancia social que estas profesionales sanitarias habían adquirido durante la Segunda República, se puede observar una represión claramente diferenciada, comparándola con la sufrida por otros colectivos femeninos, en la España franquista de la postguerra. Para ello se ha condensado parte de la abundante documentación localizada en diferentes archivos. Se recogen los cargos de los que fueron acusadas, las condenas que les fueron impuestas y los datos obtenidos de su paso por las cárceles franquistas y hasta su puesta en libertad.
Viabilidad del desarrollo de una Comunidad de Seguridad desde el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano
Authors: Koch Merino Sebastián
Published: December 2016

Utilizando el Análisis de Política Exterior (APE), coadyuvado por el constructivismo como teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales se estudiará, en el marco de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (Unasur), la viabilidad del establecimiento de una Comunidad de Seguridad desde el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano (CDS). Además de los elementos racionalistas de la definición de política exterior de los Estados, se emplearán las perspectivas reflexivas de las Relaciones Internacionales, ya que son parte esencial del proceso de establecimiento de una Comunidad de Seguridad. Las identidades, valores y significados compartidos, adquieren un valor tan importante como los objetivos racionales, siendo la relación entre ambos elementos la que permitiría, bajo ciertas circunstancias, el establecimiento de una Comunidad de Seguridad en la región
Pediatric Endobronchial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Liu Leilei , Kong Xianglei , Lu Xiaoqian , Cao Dianbo
Published: December 2016

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) belongs to the group of soft tissue tumor and could occur at any anatomical site from the central nervous system to gastrointestinal tract. The lung and abdomen are commonly affected sites, however, pulmonary IMT is predominantly located within the parenchyma rather than presenting as endobronchial lesion. IMTs may occur in any age group, but they are observed most commonly in children and adolescents. Here, we present a case of IMT arising from the left main stem bronchus in a 10-year-old girl.
3-hydroxi-anthranilic acid is early expressed in stroke
Authors: Mangas A. , Yajeya J. , González N. , Ruiz I. , Geffard M. , Coveñas R.
Published: December 2016

Using an immunohistochemical technique, we have studied the distribution of 3-OH-anthranilic acid (3-HAA) in the rat brain. Our study was carried out in control animals and in rats in which a stroke model (single transient middle cerebral artery occlusion) was performed. A monoclonal antibody directed against 3-HAA was also developed. 3-HAA was exclusively observed in the infarcted regions (ipsilateral striatum/cerebral cortex), 2, 5 and 21 days after the induction of stroke. In control rats and in the contralateral side of the stroke animals, no immunoreactivity for 3-HAA was visualized. Under pathological conditions (from early phases of stroke), we reported for the first time the presence of 3-HAA in the mammalian brain. By double immunohistochemistry, the coexistence of 3-HAA and GFAP was observed in astrocytes. The distribution of 3-HAA matched perfectly with the infarcted regions. Our findings suggest that, in stroke, 3-HAA could be involved in the tissue damage observed in the infarcted regions, since it is well known that 3-HAA exerts cytotoxic effects.
Core-shell in liquid chromatography: application for determining sulphonamides in feed and meat using conventional chromatographic systems
Authors: Armentano Antonio , Summa Simona , Lo Magro Sonia , D’Antini Pasquale , Palermo Carmen , Muscarella Marilena
Published: December 2016

A C18 column packed with core-shell particles was used for the chromatographic separation of sulphonamides in feed and meat by a conventional high performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a diode array detector. Two analytical methods, already used in our laboratory, have been modified without any changes in the extraction and clean-up steps and in the liquid chromatography instrumentation. Chromatographic conditions applied on a traditional 5-μm column have been optimized on a column packed with 2.6 μm core-shell particles. A binary mobile phase [acetate buffer solution at pH 4.50 and a mixture of methanol acetonitrile 50: 50 (v/v)] was employed in gradient mode at the flow rate of 1.2 mL with an injection volume of 6 μL. These chromatographic conditions allow the separation of 13 sulphonamides with an entire run of 13 minutes. Preliminary studies have been carried out comparing blanks and spiked samples of feed and meat. A good resolution and the absence of interferences were achieved in chromatograms for both matrices. Since no change was made to the sample preparation, the optimized method does not require a complete revalidation and can be used to make routine analysis faster.
Breast ductal carcinoma in situ: a literature review of adjuvant hormonal therapy
Authors: Kinsey-Trotman Stephen , Shi Zumin , Fosh Beverley
Published: December 2016

This review paper analyzed publications of adjuvant tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor use following surgery for breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Key endpoint analyses were risk of invasive and noninvasive malignancies and new contralateral breast cancers. Meta-analysis of three studies showed a relative risk of 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.79, P<0.05) for breast malignancies with tamoxifen treatment in a mixed radiotherapy treatment/naïve cohort. Subgroup analysis of DCIS populations in multiple studies showed a trend to benefit with aromatase inhibitor treatment.
Effective prophylaxis of visual and neurological disturbances with an anti-endothelin drug: analysis of 1642 sclerotherapy sessions
Authors: Frullini Alessandro , Guastini Angelo , Guarnaccia Demetrio , Loparco O. Walter , Maurano Domenico , Paradiso Sabino , Previtera Antonio M. , Rendace Michele , Viviani Serafino , Pavei Patrizia
Published: December 2016

In the literature cases of stroke and transient neurological symptoms have been described after sclerotherapy for chronic venous disease The initial interpretation of these phenomena was that of a micro air embolism in association with a patent foramen ovale. This explanation did not always manage to justify all neurological manifestations. Recent theories have demonstrated that in the area of sclerosis, a significant amount of endothelin 1. We carried out a retrospective assessment of sclerotherapy case studies on 540 patients at ten phlebological centres to search for a relationship between the use of aminaftone (a venotropic drug with demonstrated anti-endothelin action) and the occurrence of side effects after sclerotherapy was performed. Significant reduction of side effects was observed in sclerotherapy for teleangectasias and in patients with migraine history.
Female perspectives of male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Miya Mondli , Mgutshini Tennyson
Published: December 2016

Background: The South African government intervened by implementing the prevention of mother–to-child transmission programme (PMTCT) to curb the HIV transmission from mother to child during and after pregnancy. The PMTCT programme has been at the forefront of global prevention efforts since 1998. Without treatment, the risk of transmission ranges from one in five to one in two newborns; however, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced to as low as 2%–5% with evidenced interventions. Sub-Saharan Africa, and most particularly South Africa, is the most affected by the pandemic despite having the largest financial investment in PMTCT services across the continent.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe and explore the female perspectives of male inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal.Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, explorative study was conducted through in-depth individual interview of pregnant women until data saturation.Results: The findings of the study revealed that the existing design of public hospitals was not wholly conducive to facilitating male inclusion in maternal and child health services. Resources were largely insufficient to support the participation of pregnant mothers and any attempts to support the inclusion of males needed to be based on a clear increase in service provision.Conclusion: The study recommended male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother- to-child HIV transmission to support effective management of HIV in pregnancy and PMTCT programmes. The inclusion of men will provide the holistic support needed by pregnant women on PMTCT programmes.
The well-tempered way of transcending disciplines and solving urban problems
Authors: Tempelhoff Johann
Published: December 2016

No abstract available.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mutation in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck cancers: Myth or reality?
Authors: Patil Vijay M. , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Zanwar Saurabh , Ramaswamy Anant , Arya Supreeta , Mahajan Abhishek , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Prabhash Kumar
Published: December 2016

Purpose: The docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and cisplatin (TPF) regimen in India is associated with high percentages of Grade 3-4 toxicity. This analysis was planned to evaluate the incidence of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) mutation in patients with severe gastrointestinal toxicity, to assess whether the mutation could be predicted by a set of clinical criteria and whether it has any impact on postneoadjuvant chemotherapy response. Methods: All consecutive patients who received TPF regimen in head and neck cancers between January 2015 and April 2015 were selected. Patients who had predefined set of toxicities in Cycle 1 were selected for DPD mutation testing. Depending on the results, C2 doses were modified. Postcompletion of two cycles, patients underwent radiological response assessment. Descriptive statistics has been performed. The normally distributed continuous variables were compared by unpaired Student′s t-test, whereas variables which were not normally distributed by Wilcoxon sum rank test. For noncontinuous variables, comparison was performed by Fisher′s exact test. Results: Out of 34 patients, who received TPF, 12 were selected for DPD testing, and 11 (32.4%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 19.1-49.3%) had DPD mutation. The predictive accuracy of the criteria for the tested DPD mutations was 81.3% (95% CI: 62.1-100%). Of the 11 DPD mutation positive patients, except for one patient, all others received the second cycle of TPF. The dose adjustments done in 5-FU were 50% dose reduction in 9 patients and no dose reduction in one patient. The response rate in DPD mutated patients was 27.3% (3/11) and that in DPD nonmutated/nontested was 39.1% (9/23) (P = 0.70). Conclusion: In this small study, it seems that the incidence of DPD mutation is more common in Indian then it′s in the Caucasian population. Clinical toxicity criteria can accurately predict for DPD mutation. Postdose adjustments of 5-FU from C2 onward, TPF can safely be delivered in the majority of patients with DPD heterozygous mutations without decrement in efficacy.
Prevalence of tobacco use and its contributing factors among adolescents in Bangladesh: Results from a population-based study
Authors: Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Mainuddin A. K.M. , Bhuiyan Faiz Ahmed , Chowdhury Kamrun Nahar
Published: December 2016

Background: Tobacco use is an alarming public health problem worldwide and causes significant morbidity and mortality. In many developing countries tobacco use starts at a relative younger age. However, data on tobacco use among adolescents in Bangladesh is scarce. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and its contributing factors among adolescents in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: We used data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Bangladesh 2007 which was a school-based survey of 2,135 students aged 13-15 years in grades 7-10. Analysis: A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce representative data for Bangladesh. At the first stage, schools were selected with probability proportional to enrollment size. At the second stage, classes were randomly selected and all students in selected classes were eligible to participate. The GYTS sample design produced representative, independent, cross-sectional estimates for Bangladesh. Results: The overall prevalence of ever cigarette smokers in Bangladeshi students was about 9%, which was more than 3 times higher in boys compared to girls (15.8% versus 4.8%). Almost 4 in 10 students start smoking before the age of 10 in Bangladesh. In addition to current cigarette smoking, another 6% also reported to use other tobacco products currently. Nine in 10 current smokers reported that they had ever received help to stop smoking. More than 4 in 10 students were exposed to smoke from other people in public places. Among current smokers, 38.3% reported that they usually buy tobacco in a store and of which 97.8% reported that they were not refused cigarette purchase because of their age. Conclusion: Implementation and enforcement of tobacco control act is an urgent public health priority in Bangladesh.
Comparative evaluation of different volumes of 70% alcohol in celiac plexus block for upper abdominal malignsancies
Authors: Dolly Archana , Singh Sarita , Prakash Ravi , Bogra Jaishri , Malik Anita , Singh Vinita
Published: December 2016

Context: Celiac plexus block (CPB) (is an effective way to reduce cancer-associated pain in upper abdominal malignancies. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different volumes of 70% alcohol in CPB. Settings and Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients of carcinoma gall bladder were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) to receive 20, 30, and 40 ml of 70% alcohol in CPB. Statistical Analysis Used: All the continuous data were assessed analysis of variance followed by post-hoc tests (Tukey′s Honestly Significant Difference test). Ordinal data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis H-test followed by Mann-Whitney U-test. Categorical comparisons were performed using Chi-square test. Results: A significant difference in visual analog scale (VAS) score of Group I, Group I and Group III was observed from week 6 onward until the end of the study. At all these time intervals, VAS scores in Group I was higher than both Groups II and III during this time interval. VAS scores in Group III were significantly lower as compared to Group II from week 10 onward until the end of the study. As compared to baseline, at all the follow-up intervals, mean morphine requirement was significantly lower in Group II and Group III. A quality of life (QOL) score of Group III were higher as compared to Group I. Between Group II and Group III, significant difference was observed at week 16 only when Group III had a higher score as compared to Group II. Conclusions: VAS score, QOL, and reduction in morphine consumption were increased on increasing the volume of alcohol in CPB, 40 ml being most effective.
Size-resolved chemical composition, effective density, and optical properties of biomass burning particles
Authors: Zhai Jinghao , Lu Xiaohui , Li Ling , Zhang Qi , Zhang Ci , Chen Hong , Yang Xin , Chen Jianmin
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Biomass burning aerosol has important impact on the global radiative budget. A better understanding of the mixing state and chemical composition of biomass burning particles relative to their optical properties is the goal of a number of current studies. In this work, effective density, chemical composition, and optical properties of rice straw burning particles in the size range of 50–400 nm were measured using a suite of comprehensive methods. A Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA)-Aerosol Particle Mass analyzer (APM)-Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) system offered detailed information on the effective density as well as mixing state of size-resolved particles. The effective density and chemical composition of individual particles were characterized with a DMA in-line with a Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SPAMS), simultaneously. The multiple modes observed in the size-resolved particle effective density distribution indicated size-dependent external mixing of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and potassium salts in particles. Particles of 50 nm had the smallest effective density (1.16 g/cm3), due to a relative large proportion of aggregate BC. The average effective densities of 100–400 nm particles ranged from 1.35–1.51 g/cm3 with OC and inorganic salts as dominant components. Both density distribution and single-particle mass spectrometry showed more complex mixing states in larger particles. Upon heating, the separation of the effective density distribution modes testified the existence of less volatile BC or soot and potassium salts. Size-resolved optical properties of biomass burning particles were measured by the Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift spectroscopy (CAPS, λ = 450 & 530 nm). The single scattering albedo (SSA) showed the lowest value for 50 nm particles (0.741 ± 0.007 & 0.889 ± 0.006) because of larger proportion of BC content. Brown carbon played an important role for the SSA of 100–400 nm particles. The Ångström absorption exponent (AAE) values for all particles were above 1.6, indicating the significant presence of brown carbon. Though freshly emitted, the light absorption enhancement (Eabs) was observed for particles larger than 200 nm. Concurrent measurements in our work provide a basis for discussing the physicochemical properties of biomass burning aerosol and its effects on global climate and atmospheric environment.