bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR VATA-PRATHILOMATHA IN KOSHTA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ARSAH
Authors: Viswan Soumya P.
Published: June 2022

The body’s normal physiological state is maintained by the proper association of dosas and dushyas in koshta and sakha. Abnormal sakhagati of dosas & dushyas will leads to the origin of diseases. The word anulomatha(normal state) is mentioned in Vaidyaka Sabda Sindhu as “malaadi dhatunam yadhaamargam gamanipaye”. Here malaadi is dosa, dhatu and malas, marga is srotas (channels). Hence, the normal movement of malaadi dhatus in its pathway is anulomatha. The anulomana state of vata in koshta helps in proper absorption, digestion, metabolism & movements. This study is done in Arsah, as it is the most critical disorder, exhibiting vataprathiloma lakshanas & with vata anulomana as the treatment principle. Ayurveda mentions the only subjective description of vataprathilomatha without quantifying the samprapti. The main aim of this study is to develop an assessment tool for vataprathilomatha in koshta and find out the severity of the disease in Arsah patients. The study is an observational study with two parts. The first part is a conceptual study, the literal review and the second part is a clinical study conducted on 130 diagnosed Arsah patients at Govt. Ayurveda College, Kannur, Kerala. An assessment tool is developed in the form of a questionnaire based on vataprathilomatha symptoms from Ayurvedic treatises after following the steps for developing assessment criteria like Item generation, Item selection, Suitable response format, Face validity, Pilot study, Finalization of the instrument and Final administration, following appropriate statistical methods. Finally, an assessment tool for vataprathilomatha in koshta has been developed, with 100% sensitivity and 93.7% specificity.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF KAKSHADHARA MARMA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WINGED SCAPULA
Authors: Singh Dharmesh Kumar , Manohar Jannu , Nath Pashupati
Published: June 2022

The Marma sharira has a special importance in Sharira Sthana. There are 107 Marma present in the human body, surrounded by Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, and Asthiand Sandhi. The KakshadharaMarma is a SnayuMarma, located in between the axilla and thorax on both sides. Injury to Kakshadhara Marma leads to Pakshaghata. The area surrounding Kakshadhara Marma consists of the brachial plexus and its branches and the presence of the Axillary artery. Winging of scapula caused by injury of long thoracic nerve mainly, sometimes dorsal scapular nerve and spinal accessory nerve. The Most common muscles involved are Serratus anterior and Rhomboidus, but occasionally trapezius muscle is involved. The winged scapula presents with drooping of the shoulder, weakness in the neck, shoulders, and arm muscles, associated with painand discomfort in the neck region, shoulders, and back.
NORMAL LABOUR IN AYURVEDA: A REVIEW
Authors: Gholap Seema , Patle Pallavi
Published: June 2022

Birth is a natural process and not a medical procedure. The rates of cesarean deliveries have more than doubled in India, from 8% of deliveries in 2005 to 17% of deliveries in 2016. The incidence of labour induction has also increased due to failure of spontaneous onset of labour at term or to shorten the duration of labour according to the convenience of healthcare workers. This intervention affects the natural labour process and may be associated with an increased risk of complications. A safer way to facilitate the process of labour is therefore warranted. One of the aims of given in the third trimester is . For this aim, they have described giving the in the 8th month by Acharya Sushrutaand & in the 9th month by Acharya Charaka. They also mentioned the ensure the normal process of labour. So that the complications caused during labour can be prevented by using the tools advised in Ayurveda Samhitas. This study aims to normal labour processing by using Ayurvedic tools given in Samhitas.
A SURVEY ON ADDRESSING THE UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF OJUS
Authors: PA Fajra , DS Vinod
Published: June 2022

Ojus is one of the fundamental concepts in Ayurveda. Ojus is the essence of dhatus, which gives strength to the body, improves immunity and power and takes care of the well-being of the body. Ojus is responsible for consciousness, purity in thoughts, health, positivity in feelings in every situation, better immunity, longevity, intelligence and memory. According to Ayurveda, ojus is one of the essential elements for the maintenance and sustenance of life. Various authors have mentioned the concept of Ojus in their way, which has made Ojus more controversial. There are many research articles about ojus, but there are still grey areas in this concept. There is no proper understanding regarding its formation, colour, the logic behind its classification as para and apara, its relation with dhatu, upadhatu or mala etc. There is a need to focus on the above aspects regarding ojus and analyse for better understanding. This survey was conducted among postgraduate scholars of VPSV Ayurveda college Kottakkal to elicit the nature of their knowledge of the above ambiguities. The overall result of this survey has shown that the respondents have moderate clarity in the areas like the classification and site of ojus. On the other side, there is a lack of transparency in some areas like the dual nature, material nature (dravyatwa) etc. Most respondents did not share opinions in some typical areas. This approach addresses the ambiguities about ojus even though the final settlement of such issues is not intended.
A REVIEW ON GREATNESS OF HIMALAYA AS PER CHARAKA SAMHITA
Authors: GR Tejashwini , Katti Anand
Published: June 2022

Ayurveda, the life science, is said to be having a divine origin. Right in the beginning of Ayurveda Samhitas, ayurvedavatarana, the descent of Ayurveda, is documented. The three significant references connect to the Himalayas as the place where it descended or from where it fell. The Himalayas are the mountain ranges in the northern part of India, ranging approximately 1600km. In ancient literature of Ayurveda, the Himalayas features in many contexts. This article tries to compile, analyse, and interpret the literature connected to Himalaya concerning Charaka Samhita.
ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL VIEW OF RAKTAVAHA SROTAS MOOLASTHANA: A REVIEW
Authors: Singh Dharmesh Kumar , Manohar Jannu , Nath Pashupati
Published: June 2022

Srotas is defined as the channel for the transportation of dhatu and nourishes the other dhatu. The Raktavaha Srotas are responsible for the formation and transport of blood. Yakruth, Pleeha and Raktavahini Dhamaniyam are considered the Moolasthana. The Rakta Dhatu is formed by the union of essential parts of Rasa Dhatu and Aahara Rasa with the help of Ranjaka Pitta, transported through the Sira. Hematopoiesis is the lifelong process of continuous formation and turnover of blood cells; it is mainly intramedullary and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Intramedullary hematopoiesis occurs in the liver, spleen and bone marrow, while extramedullary hematopoiesis is a pathological condition in the liver and spleen.
CHARAKOKTA SNEHOPAGA MAHAKASHAYA AND ITS UTILITY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW
Authors: Bhat Swathi , Desai Ananta S
Published: June 2022

Panchakarma therapy detoxifies cells and body tissues, is beneficial in health and diseases and is a part of daily and seasonal regimens. Before subjecting a patient to Panchakarma, Snehana and Swedana are essential. Snehana and Swedana are also curative methods in certain diseases and prolong vitality and life. The human being is considered the essence of Sneha. It is also believed that the Prana or life is dependent on this Sneha Tattva in our body. Snehana, or Oleation Therapy, is an essential treatment procedure that prepares the body to receive specialised Panchakarma treatment. The fourth chapter of Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana (Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya) details fifty Mahakashaya used in various diseases for external or external or internal use according to the need. Snehopaga is a group of drugs that help promote unctuousness or aid the oleation therapy. This work is intended to throw limelight on the Ayurvedic and pharmacological properties of Snehopaga Mahakashaya and its possible clinical use in different modes of administration.
A REVIEW OF THE EFFECT OF OMKAR MANTRA CHANTING ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ITS BENEFITS
Authors: Bongarge Kirti S , Jadhav Kalpana K , Godbole M.M.
Published: June 2022

Through this review, we are trying to explore the relevant work done on the Om Mantra chanting effect on the Nervous System and its benefits. Mantra yoga is one a part of yoga since ancient times. Om is the matrix of all mantras. The Om Mantra is described as Pranav in Patanjali Yogsutra. Its Japa [constant repetition], with bhavnam is the way [ should be done] or is advised at the beginning of Yoga sutras. Its Japa results in overcoming the obstacles of the mind before doing yoga and turning inward consciousness. The Upanishads are full of references regarding the ‘Om’ mantra. Om is composed of three sounds, A, U and M, with a deep breath. It encompasses the sound of syllables that have an eternal purpose. When we chant ‘AUM’, a vibration sound is felt through our vocal cord, which clears and opens up the sinuses touching our front teeth gently, will now start to feel the top of our head. ‘Om’ and its effect on the Nervous System is the endeavour of this review work. Research shows that Om chanting stimulates the Vagus Nerve through its auricular branches, sharpening the brain. The studies show that chanting Om can reduce activities of limbic brain regions, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, insula, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices and thalamus. These are the portion of the brain associated with stress and emotions. When the ‘A’ sound starts, it generates a vibration in the abdomen. This strengthens the spinal cord. With all these reviews, we conclude the beneficial effect of Omkar Mantra Chanting on the Nervous System.
MANAGEMENT OF MENOPAUSE (RAJONIVRITTI) THROUGH AYURVEDA: A REVIEW
Authors: Ganguly Sonali
Published: June 2022

Menstruation is unique to females. Menarche and menopause are two significant landmarks in the entire journey of a women’s life. Menarche traces the beginning of the reproductive life of a woman. Right from menarche, a woman undergoes several changes-behavioral and physical and finally attains a phase of complete cessation of menses known as menopause or rajonivritti. Rajonivritti or menopause is a natural and physiological phenomenon. However, various changes starting from physiological changes like depression, sleep disturbances, somatic changes like hot flushes, constipation etc., pathological changes like cardiac disorders, endometrial carcinoma etc., are very often found. By adopting a proper diet and regimen as per Ayurveda, all these changes developed in the pre-menopausal and menopausal phases can be prevented.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GENUS PLEUROSPERMUM: A REVIEW
Authors: Chandwani Ankita S. , Jhala Shailja B. , Modi Karuna P. , Shah Mamta B.
Published: June 2022

Pleurospermum genus (family Apiaceae) comprises about 80 species native to India, Yunnan, China and Nepal. The plants of this species have long been used in traditional medicine systems to treat various illnesses. Different species are rich in coumarins, saponins, flavonoid glycosides, fatty acids and terpenoids. The extract of this genus and pure compounds isolated from it have been demonstrated to possess multiple pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, etc. The present literature survey was performed exhaustively using databases such as SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and other resources. By corroborating the traditional uses and biological activities of Pleurospermum species, we hope to support new research on these plants, especially on those species whose biological properties have not been studied.
Transforming Public Higher Education through Financial Behavioral Drivers Models
Authors: Dhewi Ratna Marta , Hadiwidjaja Rini Dwiyani
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation and causation of theories of planned behavior, present bias, iNcentives, Understanding mappings, Defaults, Giving feedback, Expecting error, and Structuring complex choices (NUDGES), and financial literacy for the university financial staff. This research investigates the staff's behaviors and outcomes and observes any changes over time. We make use of a survey questionnaire as well as data acquired from 285 financial staff at 28 public universities. The authors developed the warp partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique, which was used to analyze the data and test the proposed model. The results of this study indicate that financial management behavioral intention can be controlled by various psychological variables such as the theory of planned behavior, present bias, financial literacy, and NUDGES as the strongest predictor. The research findings underscore the importance of the system strength factor (shown by NUDGES) in monitoring and shaping financial management behavior. This research contributes to the current literature by investigating the relationship between financial management behavior intention and the theory of planned behavior, present bias, NUDGES, and financial literacy. In addition, this research has become an enrichment in the conversations of stakeholders at public universities to demonstrate the findings of this study as a basis for strengthening the financial management system through the six elements of the NUDGES factor.
Inverted Power Ishita Distribution and Its Application to Lifetime Data
Authors: Frederick A. Omoruyi , Osuji George A. , Onyekwere Chrisogonus K.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a new distribution, named ‘the Inverted Power Ishita distribution’, was introduced.  It is an extension of the Ishita distribution and its capable of modelling real life data with upside down bathtub shape and heavy tails was introduced. Mathematical and statistical characteristics such as the quantile function, mode, moments and moment generating function, entropy measure, stochastic ordering and distribution of order statistics have been derived. Furthermore, reliability measures like survival function, hazard function and odds function have been derived. The method of maximum likelihood was used for estimating the parameters of the distribution. To demonstrate the applicability of the distribution, a numerical example was given. Based on the results, the proposed distribution performed better than the competing distributions, except for the inverse power rama. As the criterion values, the AIC, BIC, AICc values, for both the proposed distribution and the inverse power rama distribution are approximately the same, stating that both may be interchangeably used.
Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Bioactive Properties in Leaf and Root Parts of Cyathula prostrata (Pasture Weed) – A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Uahomo Precious Ojo , Isirima Joshua Charles , Akoko Sokiprim
Published: June 2022

Cyathula prostrata (Blume) L, a member of the Amaranthaceae family, has long been used in tropical regions of the world for a variety of diseases, and study has shown that it is beneficial in the treatment of rheumatism, dysentery, wounds, and urethral discharges. The goal of this study was to use standard conventional methods to investigate the phytochemical content of this plant's leaf and root parts. The presence or absence of several secondary metabolites was examined qualitatively and quantitatively in the crude extract. Phytochemical components were discovered to be more abundant in the leaves of Cyathula prostrata than in the root, according to the findings. Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids were found in the leaf and root sections of the plant. These phytochemicals were found to be higher in the leaf than in the root, according to quantitative analysis of the leaf and root parts. Flavonoids were discovered to have the highest concentration of phytochemicals, followed by tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids in that order. The findings revealed that the leaf and root of Cyathula prostrata have excellent nutritional and therapeutic values, suggesting that it could be used for medical purposes.
Effect of Lemon Oil Concentrate Cymbopogon citratus ERILIM® towards the Helicobacter pylori Bacteria: A Case Report
Authors: Ledezma J. C. Ruvalcaba , Vázquez J. Reynoso , Hernández E. G. Olvera , Rembao L. O. Aguirre , Islas J. A. Pérez , García E. A. Baltazar , Cruz Y. J. García
Published: June 2022

This research is based on the effect of the lemon tea concentrate whose polyphenols are powerful antioxidants. Studies have shown that they suppress free radicals in a more effective way than vitamins C or E; in some of cases, specifically in H. pylori, which generally colonizes the human stomach as a single strain with stable characteristics. Authors mention that this colonization can be stable throughout life. This bacterium is related to chronic gastritis, and although H. pylori infection is still the main cause of duodenal and gastric ulcers, the prevalence of ulcers associated with H. pylori is decreasing, while that of related ulcers with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is increasing. Much of what has been published lately about H. pylori and has focused on its important changes in the pattern of the disease and in the potential value of eradication therapy.
Evaluation of Different Satellite Images for Urban Land Use Analysis: A Case Study of Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
Authors: Aliogo Rukevwe , Anyiam Felix Emeka
Published: June 2022

Background: The complexity of an urban area makes mapping it very difficult as its surface materials are highly spatial and spectrally diverse. This study evaluates the problems associated with remote sensing of urban land cover types.

Methodology: Three satellite image sensors; Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC), Landsat TM and colour infrared were used to investigate their potential in mapping and characterizing land cover in a part of Greater Manchester. Supervised and unsupervised image classifications were used to map urban land use and cover.

Results: The satellite image sensors and their accuracy were statistically tested to see if there is a significant relationship between them. The colour infrared image was the best in discriminating among different types of land cover with an overall accuracy of 80% followed by the Landsat image with an overall accuracy of 61% while the DMC image had the least potential in discriminating among different types of land cover with an overall accuracy of 55%.

Conclusion: The colour infrared image is the most suitable for urban land cover analysis as the misclassifications are minimal compared to the other two and the features can be vividly recognized due to its spatial resolution.
Psychological Distress as a Predictor for Weight Self-Stigma among Youth in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Shami Mohammed O. , Alqassim Ahmad Y. , Khodari Bayan H. , Names Abdellh A. , Shami Joudi A. , Alamer Afnan A. , Moafa Azhar M. , Hakami Reem O. , Almuhaysin Ghaida S. , Shajry Reem M. , Alhazmi Abdulaziz H. , Jareebi Mohammad , Abdulhaq Monera A.
Published: June 2022

Background: Weight-related self-stigma has well-known psychological consequences. There is growing evidence that psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, stress, predict the existence of weight stigma. The purpose of the present survey was to examine the association between weight self-stigma and psychological distress among Saudi young adults in Jazan region.

Objectives: The rationale of this study was to investigate the correlation between weight self-stigmatization and psychological distress in young adults In Jazan region, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional investigation using the wight-self stigma questionnaire (WSSQ) and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21 (DASS 21) in a convenience sample of 399 participants. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, independent-samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression.

Expected Results: We hypothesize that there is correlation between weight self-stigma and psychological distress among young people In Jazan region, Saudi Arabia.

Results: The mean age was 21.12 years ± 2.91 years. Stigmatization of oneself weight (both self devaluing and enacted stigmatization concern) was significantly associated with respondents' body mass index (BMI) (p < .001), depression, anxiety, and stress (p < .001). There was a significant correlation between respondents' scores on the WSSQ and DASS 21. The main predictors for weight self-stigma were BMI (p < .001) and psychological distress (p < .001).

Conclusion: The study revealed a strong association between weight self-stigma and psychological distress among young adults in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Further epidemiological and clinical studies on the national level are warranted.
Parents’ Knowledge and Attitude toward Childhood Vaccination in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mobark Mugahid A. , Alhazmi Hossam Essa , Altowayan Waleed M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Childhood vaccination programs participate greatly in reducing the spread of vaccine preventable diseases. Beside the noticeable success of vaccination, there are still parents’ questions and hesitancy regarding childhood vaccination.

Aims: This study evaluated the knowledge and attitude of parents in Qassim region                       towards childhood vaccination with the aim to measure the degree of the local community acceptance of childhood vaccination with aspiration to add an effective literature information in this field.

Study Design:  A cross sectional survey study using a Google form designed questionnaire.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Qassim in Saudi Arabia from October 2020 to December 2020.

Methodology: We included 403 parents. The data was collected using a questionnaire divided in to three parts; socio-demographic, knowledge and attitude, and side effects. The knowledge was evaluated by seven items with answers set in to ‘Yes’, ‘No’ and ‘Don’t know’. The attitude by seven items with fixed-answers of ‘Agree’, ‘Neutral’ and ‘Disagree’. In the third part side effects like fever, pain, diarrhea, skin rash and seizures were directly asked. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of data.      

Results: Among 403 participants, the majority were young adult female with a bachelor degree. The parents have good levels of knowledge and attitude towards child hood vaccination and the levels are significantly differed among various demographic variables. The parents’ attitude is linearly influenced by their level of knowledge (P-value is <0.001).

Conclusion: Beside the good parents’ knowledge that positively influenced by their attitude toward childhood vaccination with a considerable local public awareness in this field, parents recommended more awareness campaigns on vaccination’s benefits and risks.
Use of Dupilumab and Eosinophil Targeted Therapy in Treating Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia
Authors: Franke Kathryn , Notaro Eliza , Moshiri Ata S. , Ayars Andrew , Kalus Andrea
Published: June 2022

This case report describes a 68-year-old woman who presented with 2 years of fixed diffuse dermal nodules that began to develop on the right neck.
Characterization of the Interfacial Defect Layer in Chalcopyrite Solar Cells by Depth‐Resolved Muon Spin Spectroscopy
Authors: Alberto Helena V. , Vilão Rui C. , Ribeiro Eduardo F. M. , Gil João M. , Curado Marco A. , Teixeira Jennifer P. , Fernandes Paulo A. , Cunha José M. V. , Salomé Pedro M. P. , Edoff Marika , Martins Maria I. , Prokscha Thomas , Salman Zaher , Weidinger Alois
Published: June 2022

As devices become smaller and more complex, the interfaces between adjacent materials become increasingly important and are often critical to device performance. An important research goal is to improve the interface between the absorber and the window layer by inserting buffer layers to adjust the transition. Depth‐resolved studies are key for a fundamental understanding of the interface. In the present experiment, the interface between the chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber and various buffer layers are investigated using low‐energy muon spin rotation (μSR) spectroscopy. Depth resolution in the nm range is achieved by implanting the muons with different energies so that they stop at different depths in the sample. Near the interface, a region about 50 nm wide is detected where the lattice is more distorted than further inside the absorber. The distortion is attributed to the long‐range strain field caused by defects. These measurements allow a quantification of the corresponding passivation effect of the buffer layer. Bath‐deposited cadmium sulfide provides the best defect passivation in the near interface region, in contrast to the dry‐deposited oxides, which have a much smaller effect. The experiment demonstrates the great potential of low energy μSR spectroscopy for microscopic interfacial studies of multilayer systems.
Conceptual Ultraviolet‐C Light Source Based on Up‐Conversion Luminescence
Authors: Zhao Xiyu , Liu Feng , Shi Tingxing , Wu Huajun , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jiahua , Wang Xiao-jun , Liu Yichun
Published: June 2022

Ultraviolet‐C illumination may provide a promising solution for the disinfection technology, and thus the development of novel type of ultraviolet‐C light sources is continuously expected. Herein, a conceptual design of ultraviolet‐C light source based on up‐conversion luminescence of phosphor material is introduced. Accordingly, a composite film is prepared using YBO3:Pr3+ phosphor and a transmissive remote phosphor‐converted light source is built by combing the phosphor film with a 447 nm laser. Spectral measurements show that the phosphor‐converted design emits ultraviolet‐C light peaking at 263 and 274 nm with tunable emission intensities. Moreover, ultraviolet imaging demonstration implies that the present design has a potential to serve as an ultraviolet‐C germicidal light source for surface decontamination.
Quantifying Wetting Dynamics with Triboelectrification
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Scaraggi Michele , Zheng Youbin , Li Xiaojuan , Wu Yang , Wang Daoai , Dini Daniele , Zhou Feng
Published: June 2022

Wetting is often perceived as an intrinsic surface property of materials, but determining its evolution is complicated by its complex dependence on roughness across the scales. The Wenzel (W) state, where liquids have intimate contact with the rough surfaces, and the Cassie–Baxter (CB) state, where liquids sit onto air pockets formed between asperities, are only two states among the plethora of wetting behaviors. Furthermore, transitions from the CB to the Wenzel state dictate completely different surface performance, such as anti‐contamination, anti‐icing, drag reduction etc.; however, little is known about how transition occurs during time between the several wetting modes. In this paper, wetting dynamics can be accurately quantified and tracked using solid–liquid triboelectrification. Theoretical underpinning reveals how surface micro‐/nano‐geometries regulate stability/infiltration, also demonstrating the generality of the authors’ theoretical approach in understanding wetting transitions. It can clarify the functioning behavior of materials in real environment.
Prairie Pothole Management Support Tool: A web application for evaluating prairie pothole flood risk
Authors: Nahkala Brady A. , Kaleita Amy L. , Soupir Michelle L. , VanLoocke Andy
Published: June 2022

The Prairie Pothole Management Support Tool (PPMST) is an open‐source, accessible web application that provides educational and informational evaluations of the flood risk of individual farmed prairie potholes within the Des Moines Lobe (DML) of Iowa. The PPMST provides a comparative numeric assessment of pothole flood risk, predicted from a random forest machine learning model, based on simple field characteristics. The PPMST allows landowners or extension specialists and consultants to assess a range of tillage and artificial drainage options and can compare traditional corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations with perennial planting. The PPMST will be useful for conservation planning and precision agriculture by helping identify and prioritize these marginal land areas for continued farming or conservation.
In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta accumulation is a protective mechanism that ultimately fails
Authors: Rischel Elise Brøchner , Gejl Michael , Brock Birgitte , Rungby Jørgen , Gjedde Albert
Published: June 2022

Hypothesis and predictions

Here, we claim that amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation is a protective mechanism that ultimately fails. We predict that more Aβ accumulates in regions with higher rates of glucose metabolism, reaching a maximum followed by progression of pathology.

Background

Aβ accumulation is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the accumulation does not correlate with cognitive decline, unlike the rates of glucose metabolism.

Strategy

We compared averaged and individual estimates of regional binding potentials of [11C]Pittsburgh compound B to regionally averaged and individual values of metabolism of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in brain regions of volunteers with AD.

Significance

The claim explains the cognitive decline in some patients at a significantly lower level of Aβ deposition than in other patients, as well as the presence of cognitively healthy individuals with high Aβ accumulation. With further support of the hypothesis, the significance of Aβ accumulation in brains of patients with AD may require revision.
Dual Honeycomb‐Superlattice Enables Double‐High Activity and Reversibility of Anion Redox for Sodium‐Ion Battery Layered Cathodes
Authors: Wang Qi , Liao Yuxin , Jin Xin , Cheng Chen , Chu Shiyong , Sheng Chuanchao , Zhang Liang , Hu Bingwen , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: June 2022

Anion redox contributes to the anomalous capacity exceeding the theoretical limit of layered oxides. However, double‐high activity and reversibility is challenging due to the structural rearrangement and potential oxygen loss. Here, we propose a strategy for constructing a dual honeycomb‐superlattice structure in Na2/3[Li1/7Mn5/14][Mg1/7Mn5/14]O2 to simultaneously realize high activity and reversibility of lattice O redox. Theoretical simulation and electrochemical tests show that [Li1/7Mn5/14] superlattice units remarkably trigger the anion redox activity and enable the delivery of a record capacity of 285.9 mA g−1 in layered sodium‐ion battery cathodes. Nuclear magnetic resonance and in situ X‐ray diffraction reveal that [Mg1/7Mn5/14] superlattice units are beneficial to the structure and anion redox reversibility, where Li+ reversibly shuttles between Na layers and transition‐metal slabs in contrast to the absence of [Mg1/7Mn5/14] units. Our findings underline the importance of multifunctional units and provide a path to advanced battery materials.
Eu2P2S6: The First Rare‐Earth Chalcogenophosphate Exhibiting Large Second‐Harmonic Generation Response and High Laser‐Induced Damage Threshold
Authors: Huang Xiao , Yang Si‐Han , Li Xiao‐Hui , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng‐Ping
Published: June 2022

Metal chalcogenophosphates are receiving increasing interest, specifically as promising infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) candidates. Here, a rare‐earth chalcogenophosphate Eu2P2S6 crystallizing in the monoclinic noncentrosymmetric space group Pn was synthesized using a high‐temperature solid‐state method. Its structure features isolated [P2S6]4− dimer, and two types of EuS8 bicapped triangular prisms. Eu2P2S6 exhibits a phase‐matchable second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response ≈0.9×AgGaS2@2.1 μm, and high laser‐induced damage threshold of 3.4×AgGaS2, representing the first rare‐earth NLO chalcogenophosphate. The theoretical calculation result suggests that the SHG response is ascribed to the synergetic contribution of [P2S6]4− dimers and EuS8 bicapped triangular prisms. This work provides not only a promising high‐performance infrared NLO material, but also opens the avenue for exploring rare‐earth chalcogenophosphates as potential IR NLO materials.
Functionalizable and Chemically Recyclable Thermoplastics from Chemoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Bio‐renewable Bifunctional α‐Methylene‐δ‐valerolactone
Authors: Li Jiandong , Liu Fusheng , Liu Yalei , Shen Yong , Li Zhibo
Published: June 2022

It is a highly attractive strategy to develop chemically recyclable polymers to establish a circular plastic economy. Despite the recent advancements, chemically recyclable polymers still face challenges including high energy cost for polymer preparation or recycling, poor monomer recovery selectivity and efficiency as well as undesired material performance. In this contribution, we present the chemoselective controlled ring‐opening polymerization of bio‐renewable bifunctional α‐methylene‐δ‐valerolactone (MVL) to produce exclusive functionalizable polyester using strong base/urea binary catalysts. The obtained polyester with high molar mass exhibits good tensile strength comparable to that of some commodity plastics. Remarkably, the obtained polyester can be depolymerized to recover pristine monomer with a 96 % yield by thermolysis, thus successfully establishing a closed‐loop life cycle.
Aminal‐Linked Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Framework for Rapid Photocatalytic Decontamination of Mustard‐Gas Simulant
Authors: Wang Qian‐You , Liu Jing , Cao Man , Hu Jia‐Hua , Pang Rui , Wang Shan , Asad Muhammad , Wei Yong‐Li , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: June 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are appealing photocatalysts for toxic chemical degradation. Great efforts have been devoted to regulate the photocatalytic performance of COFs by tuning their organic building blocks, but the relationship between COF linkage and photochemical properties has rarely been explored. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a novel aminal‐linked porphyrinic COF, namely Por‐Aminal‐COF. Por‐Aminal‐COF (0.25 mol %) showed excellent photocatalytic activity toward the detoxification of the sulfur mustard simulant with a half‐life (t1/2) of 5 min, which is far lower than that of traditional imine‐linked Por‐COF (t1/2=16 min). Transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that the aminal linkages of Por‐Aminal‐COF facilitated the intersystem crossing process. Thus, Por‐Aminal‐COF showed higher triplet‐state generation efficiency compared with Por‐COF, consequently promoting the activation of oxygen molecular to singlet oxygen.
Inducing Ring Complexation for Efficient Capture and Detection of Small Gaseous Molecules Using SERS for Environmental Surveillance
Authors: Nguyen Lam Bang Thanh , Leong Yong Xiang , Koh Charlynn Sher Lin , Leong Shi Xuan , Boong Siew Kheng , Sim Howard Yi Fan , Phan‐Quang Gia Chuong , Phang In Yee , Ling Xing Yi
Published: June 2022

Gas‐phase surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) remains challenging due to poor analyte affinity to SERS substrates. The reported use of capturing probes suffers from concurrent inconsistent signals and long response time due to the formation of multiple potential probe–analyte interaction orientations. Here, we demonstrate the use of multiple non‐covalent interactions for ring complexation to boost the affinity of small gas molecules, SO2and NO2, to our SERS platform, achieving rapid capture and multiplex detection down to 100 ppm. Experimental and in‐silico studies affirm stable ring complex formation, and kinetic investigations reveal a 4‐fold faster response time compared to probes without stable ring complexation capability. By synergizing spectral concatenation and support vector machine regression, we achieve 91.7 % accuracy for multiplex quantification of SO2and NO2in excess CO2, mimicking real‐life exhausts. Our platform shows immense potential for on‐site exhaust and air quality surveillance.
Unveiling the Proton‐Feeding Effect in Sulfur‐Doped Fe−N−C Single‐Atom Catalyst for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Shanyong , Li Xiaoqing , Kao Cheng‐Wei , Luo Tao , Chen Kejun , Fu Junwei , Ma Chao , Li Hongmei , Li Ming , Chan Ting‐Shan , Liu Min
Published: June 2022

Heteroatom‐doping in metal‐nitrogen‐carbon single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is considered a powerful strategy to promote the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but the origin of enhanced catalytic activity is still elusive. Here, we disclose that sulfur doping induces an obvious proton‐feeding effect for CO2RR. The model SAC catalyst with sulfur doping in the second‐shell of FeN4 (Fe1−NSC) was verified by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Fe1−NSC exhibits superior CO2RR performance compared to sulfur‐free FeN4 and most reported Fe‐based SACs, with a maximum CO Faradaic efficiency of 98.6 % and turnover frequency of 1197 h−1. Kinetic analysis and in situ characterizations confirm that sulfur doping accelerates H2O activation and feeds sufficient protons for promoting CO2 conversion to *COOH, which is also corroborated by the theoretical results. This work deepens the understanding of the CO2RR mechanism based on SAC catalysts.
Population genomics reveal low differentiation and complex demographic histories in a highly fragmented and endangered freshwater mussel
Authors: Gladstone Nicholas S. , Garrison Nicole L. , Lane Tim , Johnson Paul D. , Garner Jeffrey , Whelan Nathan V.
Published: June 2022

Freshwater mussels are an important element of freshwater biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. However, mussels are among the most imperilled groups of organisms in the world. Although research has increased in recent years, information about range‐wide genetic diversity and historical demography of most species is lacking. One such species is Cumberlandian combshell Epioblasma brevidens, which is listed as endangered under the US Endangered Species Act.

Genetic diversity of E. brevidens was analysed using a high‐resolution RADseq approach and included the previously overlooked Bear Creek population. Hypotheses were tested about population decline, comparative genetic diversity and population structure with model‐based approaches enabled by a genome‐scale dataset.

Estimates of genetic differentiation among populations of E. brevidens were lower than past analyses, suggesting higher historical population connectivity than previously known. Demographic analyses indicate relatively recent splits among E. brevidens populations in the late Pleistocene to early Holocene, with clear founder effects in two populations. The Clinch River population has the highest genetic diversity and effective population size, despite demographic analyses revealing decline of this population since the Pleistocene. Analyses of both population structure and migration show evidence of past gene flow, but all populations are currently isolated by artificial barriers.

Analyses indicate that populations began to decline before industrialization, but fragmentation and population extirpation has been exacerbated by modern habitat destruction. Relatively high genetic diversity in the Bear Creek population indicates that water quality improvements in the last 20 years have had a positive impact on population viability, offering promise for targeted management actions. In contrast, the Big South Fork population that has been presumed stable showed low genetic diversity and effective population size. Furthermore, genetic structure among sampled populations indicates that reintroduction efforts should use broodstock from as close to the reintroduction site as possible.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel hybrid compounds between 1,4‐benzodioxane and imidazolium salts
Authors: Liu Zhengfen , Zhang Yaguan , Dong Jianwei , Fang Yongsheng , Jiang Yonggang , Yang Xiaodong , Cheng Feixiang
Published: June 2022

A series of novel hybrid compounds between 1,4‐benzodioxane and imidazolium salts was designed and prepared. The compounds were evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines (K562, SMMC‐7721, and A‐549). The structure–activity relationship results demonstrated that the 2‐methyl‐benzimidazole or 5,6‐dimethyl‐benzimidazole ring and substitution of the imidazolyl‐3‐position with a 4‐phenylphenacyl substituent were critical for promoting cytotoxic activity. Particularly, compound 25 was found to be the most potent compound with IC50 values of 1.06–8.31 μM against the three human tumor cell lines and exhibited higher selectivity to K562 and SMMC‐7721 cells with IC50 values 4.5‐ and 4.7‐fold lower than cisplatin. Moreover, compound 25 inhibited cell proliferation by inducing the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SMMC‐7721 cells.
Investigation of quinolone‐tethered aminoguanidine as novel antibacterial agents
Authors: Angula Klaudia T. , Legoabe Lesetja J. , Jordaan Audrey , Warner Digby F. , Beteck Richard M.
Published: June 2022

A recent study identified quinolone‐based thiosemicarbazone with an MIC90 value of 2 µM against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Herein, we report further optimization of the previous hit, which led to the discovery of quinolone‐tethered aminoguanidine molecules with generally good antitubercular activity. Compounds 7f and 8e emerged as the hits of the series with submicromolar antitubercular activity, exhibiting MIC90 values of 0.49/0.90 and 0.49/0.60 µM, respectively, in the 7H9 CAS GLU Tx medium. This shows a fivefold increase in antitubercular activity compared to the previous study. Target compounds were also screened against ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens. However, the series generally exhibited poor antibacterial activities, with only compounds 8d and 8e demonstrating >50% growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 32 µg/ml. The compounds displayed selective antitubercular activity as they showed no cytotoxicity effects against two noncancerous human cell lines. In silico studies predict 7f to have good solubility, no inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and to be a non‐pan‐assay interfering compound.
Ginkgo biloba in the management of the COVID‐19 severity
Authors: Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Kaushik Ajeet , Kujawska Małgorzata , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: June 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is linked with inflammatory disorders and the development of oxidative stress in extreme cases. Therefore, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant drugs may alleviate these complications. Ginkgo biloba L. folium extract (EGb) is a herbal medicine containing various active constituents. This review aims to provide a critical discussion on the potential role of EGb in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The antiviral effect of EGb is mediated by different mechanisms, including blocking SARS‐CoV‐2 3‐chymotrypsin‐like protease that provides trans‐variant effectiveness. Moreover, EGb impedes the development of pulmonary inflammatory disorders through the diminution of neutrophil elastase activity, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, and thrombosis. Thus, EGb can attenuate the acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID‐19. In conclusion, EGb offers the potential of being used as adjuvant antiviral and symptomatic therapy. Nanosystems enabling targeted delivery, personalization, and booster of effects provide the opportunity for the use of EGb in modern phytotherapy.
A HBDI‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Labeling Endoplasmic Reticulum in Living Cells
Authors: Ruan Nanan , Yu Xiang , Li Huan , Wang Yang , Huang Chusen
Published: June 2022

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle in eukaryotic cells and is closely involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins, as well as the storage, regulation, and release of calcium. A series of signaling pathways within the ER play a crucial part in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. Thus, it is necessary to design ER‐targeting probes to monitor these signaling pathways. Additionally, precision medicine also requires new ER‐targeting group to facilitate the delivery of drug cargoes to the ER. However, only a limited number of ER‐targeting groups have been used for the design of fluorescent probes for ER imaging in living cells, as well as the development of ER‐targeted drug delivery systems. Herein, a new ER‐targeting fluorescent probe (BDI‐ER) was designed and prepared. BDI‐ER contains the hydrophilic fluorophore, derived from the core structure of GFP, and two hydrophobic octadecane chains. The amphipathic nature of BDI‐ER facilitates localization in the ER. Live cell imaging demonstrated selective localization of BDI‐ER towards ER compared to other organelles. Additionally, co‐localization imaging in various cell lines indicate that BDI‐ER is effective at targeting the ER.
A pattern‐based controller for a class of production processes with input delay
Authors: Wang Mushu , Pan Weigang , Lu Yanrong
Published: June 2022

For the problem of stabilizing a non‐Newton mechanical system with input delay, a pattern‐based state‐feedback controller is proposed. At the beginning of the paper, pattern‐based dynamic description is introduced, and a discrete‐time state‐space model with input delay (DSMID) is obtained from the description method. Then based on the DSMID, an augmentation state‐space model without input delay is built by using the lifting technique. A stabilization method is put forward, and the relationship between stability and the feature of output‐class partition is given. At last, two simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Extreme emotional disturbance: Legal frameworks and considerations for forensic evaluation
Authors: Johnston E. Lea , Gliser Christina P. , Haney Jonathan P. , Formon Dana L. , Hashimoto Naoko , Rossbach Nadia
Published: June 2022

A significant minority of jurisdictions in the United States offer extreme emotional disturbance (EED) as a partial defense to murder. The form of this defense, as established by statute and case law, varies widely among jurisdictions. Empirical research on EED is scant with little guidance to forensic mental health professionals on how to approach and conceptualize potential EED cases. This paper addresses these issues by being the first known published work to (1) set forth a contemporary map of the varying definitions and scope of EED across the United States, (2) translate legal terminology into constructs accessible to forensic evaluators, and (3) provide legal and clinical analyses of sample EED cases to highlight key differences in the form of the defense and the admissibility of evidence between jurisdictions.