bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamines and Serious Injection-Related Infections: Opioid Use Care Continuum and Opportunities to End Alabama's Drug Crisis
Authors: Levy Sera , Bassler John , Gagnon Kelly , Prados Myles , Jeziorski Madison , McCleskey Brandi , Crockett Kaylee , Li Li , Bradford Davis , Cropsey Karen , Eaton Ellen
Published: December 2022

Background

Increasingly, injection opioid use and opioid use disorder (OUD) are complicated by methamphetamine use, but the impact of stimulant use on the care of people who inject drugs (PWID) with serious injection-related infections (SIRIs) is unknown. The objective of this study was to explore hospital outcomes and postdischarge trends for a cohort of hospitalized PWID to identify opportunities for intervention.

Methods

We queried the electronic medical record for patients hospitalized at the University of Alabama at Birmingham with injection drug use–related infections between 1/11/2016 and 4/24/2021. Patients were categorized as having OUD only (OUD), OUD plus methamphetamine use (OUD/meth), or injection of other substance(s) (other). We utilized statistical analyses to assess group differences across hospital outcomes and postdischarge trends. We determined the OUD continuum of care for those with OUD, with and without methamphetamine use.

Results

A total of 370 patients met inclusion criteria—many with readmissions (98%) and high mortality (8%). The majority were White, male, and uninsured, with a median age of 38. One in 4 resided outside of a metropolitan area. There were significant differences according to substance use in terms of sociodemographics and hospital outcomes: patients with OUD/meth were more likely to leave via patient-directed discharge, but those with OUD only had the greatest mortality. Comorbid methamphetamine use did not significantly impact the OUD care continuum.

Conclusions

The current drug crisis in AL will require targeted interventions to engage a young, uninsured population with SIRI in evidence-based addiction and infection services.
Bringing Plant Immunity to Light: A Genetically Encoded, Bioluminescent Reporter of Pattern-Triggered Immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Garcia Anthony G. K. , Steinbrenner Adam D.
Published: December 2022

Plants rely on innate immune systems to defend against a wide variety of biotic attackers. Key components of innate immunity include cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize pest- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Unlike other classes of receptors that often have visible cell-death immune outputs upon activation, PRRs generally lack rapid methods for assessing function. Here, we describe a genetically encoded bioluminescent reporter of immune activation by heterologously expressed PRRs in the model organism Nicotiana benthamiana. We characterized N. benthamiana transcriptome changes in response to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and subsequent PAMP treatment to identify pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-associated marker genes, which were then used to generate promoter-luciferase fusion fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) constructs. A reporter construct termed pFBP_2xNbLYS1::LUZ allows for robust detection of PTI activation by heterologously expressed PRRs. Consistent with known PTI signaling pathways, reporter activation by receptor-like protein (RLP) PRRs is dependent on the known adaptor of RLP PRRs, i.e., SOBIR1. The FBP reporter minimizes the amount of labor, reagents, and time needed to assay function of PRRs and displays robust sensitivity at biologically relevant PAMP concentrations, making it ideal for high throughput screens. The tools described in this paper will be powerful for investigations of PRR function and characterization of the structure-function of plant cell-surface receptors.

[Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2023.
Evaluating In Vitro Fitness Parameters of G143A-Containing and Wild-TypeCorynespora cassiicolaIsolates from Mississippi Soybean
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic Nina , Sabanadzovic Sead , Tomaso-Peterson Maria , Wilkerson Tessie H. , Allen Tom W.
Published: December 2022

Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides have been widely used to manage diseases of soybean including target spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola. However, resistance to QoI fungicides has recently been reported within the C. cassiicola population from Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee as a result of isolates in the population containing the G143A amino acid substitution. Therefore, the relative fitness and stability of isolates containing the G143A substitution compared with wild-type C. cassiicola isolates from Mississippi soybean were investigated by analyzing several fitness parameters in vitro. In addition, in vivo virulence assays were conducted in the greenhouse on a target spot-susceptible cultivar. The evaluations of fitness considered the difference between isolates from the wild-type and G143A-containing genotypes by evaluating colony growth parameters following the first and the 10th subcultures on microbiological media. When considered as an average of all G143A-containing isolates, the G143A-containing isolates following the 10th subculture produced 6.2% greater colony diameter growth but produced 2.3% less conidia. Conversely, over the same period, wild-type isolates produced 6.7% less colony growth but produced 10.9% more conidia. Based on our results, the C. cassiicola isolates that contained the G143A substitution appear stable since successive subculturing did not significantly affect the measured fitness parameters. The lack of fitness cost accompanying the genotypic shift to the G143A amino acid substitution which confers fungicide resistance in C. cassiicola indicates that these isolates may have fitness advantages and may remain stable in the population as well as displace wild-type isolates with repeated fungicide applications of QoI-containing products.
Cannabidivarin alleviates α‐synuclein aggregation viaDAF‐16 inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wang Fangru , Jin Ting , Li Hongyuan , Long Houfang , Liu Ying , Jin Sha , Lu Yuyuan , Peng Yinghua , Liu Cong , Zhao Lihui , Wang Xiaohui
Published: December 2022

Cannabidivarin (CBDV), a structural analog of cannabidiol (CBD), has received attention in recent years owing to its anticonvulsant property and potential for treating autism spectrum disorder. However, the function and mechanism of CBDV involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. In this work, we found that CBDV inhibited α‐synuclein (α‐syn) aggregation in an established transgeneticCaenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans). The phenolic hydroxyl groups of CBDV are critical for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing the in vivo aggregation of α‐syn and preventing DAergic neurons from 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced injury and degeneration. By combining multiple biophysical approaches, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and fibrillation kinetics assays, we confirmed that CBDV does not directly interact with α‐syn or inhibit the formation of α‐syn fibrils in vitro. Further cellular signaling investigation showed that the ability of CBDV to prevent oxidative stress, the accumulation of α‐syn and the degeneration of DAergic neurons was mediated by DAF‐16 in the worms. This study demonstrates that CBDV alleviates the aggregation of α‐syn in vivo and reveals that the phenolic hydroxyl groups of CBDV are critical for this activity, providing a potential for the development of CBDV as a drug candidate for PD therapeutics.
Targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 by synthetic dual‐acting thiol compounds that inhibit Spike/ACE2 interaction and viral protein production
Authors: Fraternale Alessandra , De Angelis Marta , De Santis Riccardo , Amatore Donatella , Masini Sofia , Monittola Francesca , Menotta Michele , Biancucci Federica , Bartoccini Francesca , Retini Michele , Fiori Valentina , Fioravanti Raoul , Magurano Fabio , Chiarantini Laura , Lista Florigio , Piersanti Giovanni , Palamara Anna T. , Nencioni Lucia , Magnani Mauro , Crinelli Rita
Published: December 2022

The SARS‐CoV‐2 life cycle is strictly dependent on the environmental redox state that influences both virus entry and replication. A reducing environment impairs the binding of the spike protein (S) to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), while a highly oxidizing environment is thought to favor S interaction with ACE2. Moreover, SARS‐CoV‐2 interferes with redox homeostasis in infected cells to promote the oxidative folding of its own proteins. Here we demonstrate that synthetic low molecular weight (LMW) monothiol and dithiol compounds induce a redox switch in the S protein receptor binding domain (RBD) toward a more reduced state. Reactive cysteine residue profiling revealed that all the disulfides present in RBD are targets of the thiol compounds. The reduction of disulfides in RBD decreases the binding to ACE2 in a cell‐free system as demonstrated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. Moreover, LMW thiols interfere with protein oxidative folding and the production of newly synthesized polypeptides in HEK293 cells expressing the S1 and RBD domain, respectively. Based on these results, we hypothesize that these thiol compounds impair both the binding of S protein to its cellular receptor during the early stage of viral infection, as well as viral protein folding/maturation and thus the formation of new viral mature particles. Indeed, all the tested molecules, although at different concentrations, efficiently inhibit both SARS‐CoV‐2 entry and replication in Vero E6 cells. LMW thiols may represent innovative anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 therapeutics acting directly on viral targets and indirectly by inhibiting cellular functions mandatory for viral replication.
ADAM10‐ and γ‐secretase‐dependent cleavage of the transmembrane protein PTPRT attenuates neurodegeneration in the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Siling , Zhang Zhongyu , Li Lianwei , Yao Li , Ma Zhanshan , Li Jiali
Published: December 2022

PTPRT (receptor‐type tyrosine‐protein phosphatase T), a brain‐specific type 1 transmembrane protein, plays an important role in neurodevelopment and synapse formation. However, whether abnormal PTPRT signaling is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive. Here, we report that Ptprt mRNA expression is found to be downregulated in the brains of both human and mouse models of AD. We further identified that the PTPRT intracellular domain (PICD), which is released by ADAM10‐ and γ‐secretase‐dependent cleavage of PTPRT, efficiently translocates to the nucleus via a conserved nuclear localization signal (NLS). We show that inhibition of nuclear translocation of PICD leads to an accumulation of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), a substrate of PTPRT‐eventually resulting in neuronal cell death. Consistently, RNA sequencing reveals that overexpression of PICD leads to changes in the expression of genes that are functionally associated with synapse formation, cell adhesion, and protein dephosphorylation. Moreover, overexpression of PICD not only decreases the level of phospho‐STAT3Y705 and amyloid β production in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice but also partially improves synaptic function and behavioral deficits in this mouse model of AD. These findings suggest that a novel role of the ADAM 10‐ and γ‐secretase‐dependent cleavage of PTPRT may alleviate the AD‐like neurodegenerative processes.
Vitamin D–vitamin D receptor alleviates oxidative stress in ischemic acute kidney injury via upregulating glutathione peroxidase 3
Authors: Wu Xueqin , Tang Shiqi , Dai Qing , Yi Bin , Yang Shikun , Sun Jian , Zhong Yong , Lin Wei , Liu Jun , Liu Yan , Wang Jianwen , Liu Jishi , Liao Qin , Zhang Wei , Zhang Hao
Published: December 2022

Vitamin D receptor was previously reported to be protective in acute kidney injury (AKI) with the mechanism unclear, while the role of renal localized glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) was not illustrated. The present study aims to investigate the role of GPX3 as well as its correlation with vitamin D–vitamin D receptor (VD–VDR) in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)‐induced renal oxidative stress injury. We showed that the expression of GPX3 and VDR were consistently decreased in renal tissues of I/R‐related AKI patients and mice models. VDR agonist paricalcitol could reverse GPX3 expression and inhibit oxidative stress in I/R mice or hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H/R) insulted HK‐2 cells. VDR deficiency resulted in aggregated oxidative stress and severer renal injury accompanied by further decreased renal GPX3, while tubular‐specific VDR overexpression remarkably reduced I/R‐induced renal injury with recovered GPX3 in mice. Neither serum selenium nor selenoprotein P was affected by paricalcitol administration nor Vdr modification in vivo. In addition, inhibiting GPX3 abrogated the protective effects of VD–VDR in HK‐2 cells, while GPX3 overexpression remarkably attenuated H/R‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mechanistic probing revealed the GPX3 as a VDR transcriptional target. Our present work revealed that loss of renal GPX3 may be a hallmark that promotes renal oxidative stress injury and VD–VDR could protect against I/R‐induced renal injury via inhibition of oxidative stress partly by trans‐regulating GPX3. In addition, maintenance of renal GPX3 could be a therapeutic strategy for ischemic AKI.
Characteristic analysis of skin keratinocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes based on the single-cell levels
Authors: Liao Bingye , Ouyang Qiuyi , Song Hongqin , Wang Ziqi , Ou Jinhua , Huang Jinxin , Liu Liang
Published: December 2022

Background:

Keratinocytes play an important role in wound healing; however, less is known about skin keratinocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aimed to search for the transcriptional characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level from T2DM patients, and to provide experimental data for identifying the pathological mechanisms of keratinocytes under pathological conditions.

Methods:

We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the skin tissue from two T2DM patients and one patient without diabetes-induced trauma using the BD Rhapsody™ Single-Cell Analysis System. With the help of bioinformatics R-based single-cell analysis software, we analyzed the results of single-cell sequencing to identify the single-cell subsets and transcriptional characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level, including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyzes.

Results:

In this study, we found specific highly expressed signature keratinocyte-related genes. We analyzed the transcriptome of keratinocytes from experimental and control groups and screened a total of 356 differential genes, which were subject to bioinformatics analysis. Enriched pathways included oxidative phosphorylation, antigen processing and presentation, prion and Huntingtons’ diseases, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, thermogenesis, vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Conclusions:

This study revealed the characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level and screened a group of differentially expressed genes related to T2DM-associated keratinocytes, oxidative phosphorylation, cytokine receptor interactions, prion diseases, and other signaling pathways.
Inhibition of MYC suppresses programmed cell death ligand-1 expression and enhances immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Li Xintong , Tang Lin , Chen Qin , Cheng Xumin , Liu Yiqiu , Wang Cenzhu , Zhu Chengjun , Xu Kun , Gao Fangyan , Huang Jinyi , Wang Runtian , Guan Xiaoxiang
Published: December 2022

Background:

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). One of the immunosuppressive pathways involves programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), but many patients derived little benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades treatment. Prior research has shown that MYC, a master transcription amplifier highly expressed in TNBC cells, can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment and constrain the efficacy of immunotherapy. This study aims to investigate the regulatory relationship between MYC and PD-L1, and whether a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that inhibits MYC expression in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibodies can enhance the response to immunotherapy.

Methods:

Public databases and TNBC tissue microarrays were used to study the correlation between MYC and PD-L1. The expression of MYC and PD-L1 in TNBCs was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. A patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model was used to evaluate the influence of a CDK7 inhibitor THZ1 on PD-L1 expression. Cell proliferation and migration were detected by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation and cell migration assays. Tumor xenograft models were established for in vivo verification.

Results:

A high MYC expression level was associated with a poor prognosis and could alter the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). The positive correlation between MYC and PD-L1 was confirmed by immunostaining samples from 165 TNBC patients. Suppression of MYC in TNBC caused a reduction in the levels of both PD-L1 messenger RNA and protein. In addition, antitumor immune response was enhanced in the TNBC cancer xenograft mouse model with suppression of MYC by CDK7 inhibitor THZ1.

Conclusions:

The combined therapy of CDK7 inhibitor THZ1 and anti-PD-L1 antibody appeared to have a synergistic effect, which might offer new insight for enhancing immunotherapy in TNBC.
Intrapartum and early postpartum glycemic profiles in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an observational study
Authors: Ding Yu , Zheng Xueying , Liu Yujie , Wei Tian , Yue Tong , Wang Siqi , Chen Suyu , Weng Jianping , Luo Sihui
Published: December 2022

Background:

Data on the glycemic profile of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the perinatal period are sparse. This study described the intrapartum and early postpartum glucose profiles among pregnant women with GDM, and analyzed factors potentially affecting glycemic parameters during the period.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study conducted from March 2020 to November 2021. Pregnant women with GDM receiving lifestyle interventions alone during pregnancy and matched women with non-diabetic pregnancies (NDPs) were enrolled from among patients admitted to the obstetrics department for childbirth. Glucose monitoring was performed via a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system on admission, and glucose readings during labor and early postpartum were analyzed. The clinical characteristics and FGM-based parameters of participants in the two groups were compared.

Results:

A total of 124 participants (mean age: 29.5 ± 3.5 years, 92 [74.2%] primipara) were included in the final analysis. A total of 17,571 glucose readings were retrieved. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the GDM (n = 60) and NDP (n = 64) groups. The average glucose level was 92.2 mg/dL, and the level was higher in the GDM group (95.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL vs. 89.1 ± 13.4 mg/dL, P = 0.008) during the intrapartum and early postpartum periods. The data were split into the intrapartum period (from the start of labor to delivery of the placenta) and the early postpartum period (within 24 h after placental delivery) for analysis. During intrapartum, women with GDM exhibited glycemic profiles and fluctuations similar to those in the NDP group. However, women with GDM had higher postpartum glucose levels (97.7 ± 13.4 mg/dL vs. 90.8 ± 15.3 mg/dL, P = 0.009), a longer time spent >140 mg/dL (8.7 ± 9.3% vs. 5.9 ± 10.3%, P = 0.011), and greater glycemic fluctuations than those with NDP. Postpartum hyperglycemia in GDM might be associated with high parity and postprandial glucose abnormalities in GDM screening tests.

Conclusion:

Compared to those with normoglycemia, pregnant women with GDM receiving lifestyle interventions alone had similar intrapartum glucose profiles but higher early postpartum glucose levels and greater glucose variability, providing evidence for modification of the current perinatal glucose monitoring strategy for GDM.

Trial Registration:

ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030972
Physical Therapy Management of Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Outpatient Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Scott Kylie , Ankrum Summer , Lindsey Elizabeth , Lopez Oskar , Beitner Jessica , Reck Cyndi , Kargela Mallory
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The devasting effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have warranted the rapid development of evidence surrounding the physical therapy (PT) management of the disease within inpatient settings. However, the medical community is still working to define the long-term effects of COVID-19, referred to as Postacute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), and ways for physical therapists to manage them in outpatient settings. The primary objective of this review was to summarize the available evidence related to the PT management of PASC in outpatient settings.

Methods:

A systematic search in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane CENTRAL, Academic Search Complete, and MedLine yielded systematic and scoping reviews and randomized controlled trials, among others. Data extraction was performed independently by 2 reviewers with 8 studies included.

Results:

Only 3 publications were specific to the outpatient setting area, with 5 more studies that focused on outpatient practice as part of a multisetting study, or the postacute setting. Although the limited number and quality of publications creates challenges applying the interventions provided across a population, each were specific to PASC.

Conclusions:

This review supports the need for further research focused on the PT management of patients who are experiencing PASC in outpatient settings.
Catatonia and Delirium
Authors: Appiani Francisco José , Duarte Juan Manuel , Sauré Marcelo , Rodríguez Cairoli Federico , Momeño Victoria , Yaryour Claudio , Sarotto Luis
Published: December 2022

Background

Catatonia is a cluster of motor features present in multiple psychiatric and clinical diseases. It may be confused with delirium because both entities are classified according to the type and degree of psychomotor activity. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for catatonia secondary to medical conditions exclude comorbid catatonia and delirium; besides, there have been increasing reports about a comorbid presentation. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of comorbid catatonia and delirium, the therapeutic response to lorazepam, and the clinical characteristics of patients with an earlier diagnosis of delirium.

Methods

A total of 120 consecutive patients at a university hospital with an earlier diagnosis of delirium were evaluated using the Delirium Scale (confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit) and the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale for catatonia. In cases of a positive diagnosis of catatonia or catatonia/delirium, a therapeutic trial with intramuscular lorazepam was performed.

Findings

Thirty-one patients (26%) were positive for both catatonia and delirium, and 8 patients (7%) had catatonia. Sixty-six patients (55%) were positive only for delirium, and 5 patients (4%) were negative for delirium and catatonia. Lorazepam tests were applied on 22 patients. One in 9 patients with catatonia/delirium responded positively to lorazepam. Patients with catatonia had a 60% positive response rate.

Conclusions

This is the first study on lorazepam use in catatonia-delirium patients; however, further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of lorazepam in these patients. Catatonia and catatonia/delirium are underdiagnosed in inpatient wards and should be routinely assessed in patients with an altered mental status.
Early Response to Antidepressant Medications in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Belanger Heather G. , Lee Christine , Poliacoff Zachary , Gupta Carina T. , Winsberg Mirène
Published: December 2022

Purpose/Background

Early response after 2 to 4 weeks of antidepressant therapy has been shown to predict remission by 8 to 12 weeks. Most of the work to date on early response has been done using data from randomized controlled trials.

Methods/Procedures

This naturalistic study uses archival data from a national tele-mental health company. The positive and negative predictive values as well as sensitivity and specificity were calculated using different drops in baseline Patient Health Questionnaire 9 scores at various periods. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between early responders versus those lacking early response. Binary logistic regression analyses determined if early response was predictive of remission, response, and greater than minimal improvement at 14 weeks. For those who do not show early improvement, treatments were investigated using binary logistic regression to see if changes predicted later outcomes.

Findings/Results

Positive predictive values for all endpoints improved with the strength of early response but did not improve much with the time allowed for that response to occur. In contrast, negative predictive values increased substantially with time. Using a definition of 30% drop in Patient Health Questionnaire 9 score at week 4, 56.5% of patients were early responders. Early responders were ~3.2 times more likely to achieve remission than those lacking early response. Of nonresponders by week 4, those prescribed atypical antipsychotics (+SSRI) had significantly reduced odds of response at week 14, whereas those prescribed a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor had increased odds.

Implications/Conclusions

Early response may be associated with better outcomes at 14 weeks. In those with lack of response by week 4, patients prescribed a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor may achieve superior outcomes.
Endoxifen Approval for Bipolar Disorder in India
Authors: Gupta Rishab , Singh Swarndeep
Published: December 2022

In this commentary, we critique the Indian government's decision to approve endoxifen for the treatment of acute mania among adults.
Optimal Settings at Initiation of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Exploratory In-Silico Study
Authors: Joyce Christopher J. , Shekar Kiran , Walsham James
Published: December 2022

The Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO) recommends initiating veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with sweep gas flow rate (

) of 2 L/min and extracorporeal circuit blood flow (

) of 2 L/min. We used an in-silico model to examine the effect on gas exchange of initiating ECMO with different

and

, and the effect of including 5%

in sweep gas. This was done using a set of patient examples, each with different physiological derangements at baseline (before ECMO). When ECMO was initiated following ELSO recommendations in the patient examples with significant hypercapnia at baseline,

sometimes fell to < 50% of the baseline

, a magnitude of fall associated with adverse neurological outcomes. In patient examples with very low baseline arterial oxygen saturation (

), initiation of ECMO did not always increase

to > 80%. Initiating ECMO with

of 1 L/min and

of 4 L/min, or with sweep gas containing 5%

,

of 2 L/min, and

of 4 L/min, reduced the fall in

and increased the rise in

compared to the ELSO strategy. While ELSO recommendations may suit most patients, they may not suit patients with severe physiological derangements at baseline.
Chinese Immigrants’ Health Beliefs and Practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine in British Columbia of Canada
Authors: Wu Tina
Published: December 2022

Objective:

This study is to address the health beliefs and health behavior of Chinese immigrants residing in the Greater Vancouver area of British Columbia (BC) Province in Canada. This article discussed Chinese immigrants’ traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use, health beliefs, and health behaviors.

Methods:

Information used in this study is based on data collected in the Chinese-speaking community in the Greater Vancouver area of BC in 2020–2022. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to this study. The first stage recruited 314 participants for the quantitative study to cross-validate an instrument tool, followed by the 2nd stage of 20 stratified random sampling out of the 314 participants for TCM-related in-depth qualitative interviews. This study focuses on the second stage of TCM qualitative interviews.

Results:

Results indicated that TCM health beliefs have cultural and spiritual meanings tied to the Chinese-speaking participants. There are barriers for the Chinese-speaking population to access the existing healthcare services due to their TCM health beliefs and other health needs, for example, family doctors, integrated medicine for better health outcomes, and mental health services especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Conclusion:

Integrating TCM health beliefs and behaviors of Chinese-speaking immigrants into existing Canadian mainstream health services are strongly recommended.
Analysis of trunk muscles activity during horseback riding machine exercise in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Lee Kyeongbong , Jung JungHee , Shin HyeonHui , Lee KyungJune , Lee HyoSun , Lee GyuChang
Published: December 2022

Appropriate trunk muscle activity is needed to perform functional activities in cerebral palsy, this study analyzed the activity of trunk muscles during horseback riding machine exercise in children with spastic cerebral palsy. 10 children with spastic cerebral palsy were participated, the activity of the trunk muscles, including both sides of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae in sitting posture and during horseback riding machine exercise were evaluated using a surface electromyography. The activity of bilateral rectus abdominis, external oblique, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae increased during horseback riding machine exercise than quiet sitting posture. Moreover, there were significant differences in activities of the trunk muscles between the sitting posture and horseback riding machine exercise, with the exception of the left external oblique and the left latissimus dorsi. Horseback riding machine exercise provides more opportunities to use the trunk muscles for children with spastic cerebral palsy than general sitting posture. In future, it will be of use to investigate the effect of horseback riding machine exercise in patients with cerebral palsy.
Effect of resistance exercise on stress, lower extremity edema, and body composition in intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Kim Ki Yong , Kim Won Jong
Published: December 2022

Background:

This study investigated the effects of resistance exercises using elastic bands on stress, lower extremity edema, and body composition in intensive care unit nurses.

Methods:

Twenty-three and 21 participants were classified into the experimental and control groups, respectively. Only the experimental group was subjected to a resistance exercise program using elastic bands for 8 weeks. Variables were measured before the experimental treatment and at the 4th and 8th weeks post-treatment. Stress was assessed using a numeric rating scale and stress index. Lower extremity edema was determined using a tape measure. Body composition around the calf and tibia muscle was measured using a body composition analyzer. The homogeneity of participants’ general characteristics and the dependent variable was ensured.

Results:

Following experimental treatment, subjective (F = 11.674, P < .001) and objective stresses (F = 6.965, P < .001) decreased. No difference was detected in calf and ankle circumference between the groups, while differences in muscle thickness (left, F = 31.708, P < .001; right, F = 18.630, P < .001) and fat thickness (left, F = 19.984, P < .001; right, F = 24.640, P < .001) were observed. Muscle thickness increased, and fat thickness decreased in the body composition around the lower extremities.

Conclusion:

Resistance exercises using the TheraBand can be an intervention to decrease stress and improve lower extremity body composition in intensive care unit nurses.
The efficacy of tolvaptan for heart failure in chronic kidney disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Zhi-Yong , Cui Meng , Zhao Jie , Wang Hong-Yun
Published: December 2022

Background:

Approximately half of people with heart failure have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tolvaptan is reported to be effective in treating heart failure. However, the safety and efficacy of its use in patients with CKD is uncertain. In this study, we conducted a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan on patients with heart failure and CKD.

Methods:

This study protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO and the registration number is CRD42022368148. The consent of this protocol report is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement guidelines. We will include randomized controlled trials related to tolvaptan in patients with heart failure and CKD. Two research members will electronically and independently search 4 English databases (EMBASE, PubMed, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and 4 Chinese databases (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database) from their inception to November 2022. The risk of bias in each included study will be assessed utilizing the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. All statistical analyses will be conducted using the software program Review Manager version 5.3.

Results:

The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:

This review can provide convincing evidence to help clinicians make decisions when dealing with heart failure and CKD.
Comparison of multiple acupoints combination in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ruo-Yang , Chen Ke-Yu , Zheng Hong-Yi , Tian Yang , Yu Qian , Xu Li
Published: December 2022

Background:

To evaluate the efficacy of multiple acupoint combinations for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) using a network meta-analysis method.

Methods:

Searches for clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of various types of acupuncture treatments for post-stroke cognitive dysfunction were conducted, data were extracted from studies selected according to the inclusion criteria, and the RCTs included in the analysis were assessed separately for risk of literature bias. Network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0.

Results:

Sixteen RCTs involving 1257 patients were included, which involved 9 groups of acupoint treatment plans. The best treatment plan for improving the mini-mental state examination score of PSCI was a cephalic plexus spur (99.7%). The best treatment option for improving the montreal cognitive assessment score for PSCI was Zishen Yisui acupuncture therapy (ZSYSA) (77.3%). The best option for improving the barthel index score of PSCI was ZSYSA (99.2%). In terms of improving the overall clinical outcomes of PSCI, the best treatment option for improving the overall clinical effectiveness of PSCI is ZSYSA Therapy (92.2%).

Conclusion:

The analysis of all results shows that ZSYSA can significantly improve PSCI compared to other acupuncture therapies.

Strengths and limitations of this study:

This is the 1st study on the treatment of PSCI with different acupoint combinations based on a network meta-analysis method, which provides a reference for clinical rehabilitation workers; all included studies were randomized controlled trials, which increased the reliability of this study. Limitations; The number of relevant clinical studies retrieved was too small, and all included clinical trials were located in China; therefore, there is a great possibility of publication bias; Most of the included studies did not clearly explain the random distribution mode, follow-up, distribution concealment, or other experimental conditions. Therefore, selection and reporting biases cannot be excluded, suggesting that the quality of the literature is not high; Because of the strict inclusion criteria, the number of studies was limited, and subgroup analysis could not be performed according to the time of onset and the length of the disease course.
Unique crosstalk between platelet and leukocyte counts during treatment for acute coronary syndrome: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Shirasaki Keisuke , Minai Kosuke , Kawai Makoto , Tanaka Toshikazu D. , Ogawa Kazuo , Inoue Yasunori , Morimoto Satoshi , Nagoshi Tomohisa , Ogawa Takayuki , Komukai Kimiaki , Yoshimura Michihiro
Published: December 2022

In the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), platelet (PLT) and neutrophil (Neu) crosstalk may be important for activating coagulation and inflammation. It has been speculated that PLTs and Neu may affect each other’s cell counts; however, few studies have investigated this hypothesis. In this study, we measured changes in blood cell counts in 245 patients with ACS during treatment and investigated the mutual effects of each blood cell type. Path diagrams were drawn using structural equation modeling, and temporal changes in the count of each blood cell type and the relevance of these changes were analyzed. Throughout the treatment period, the numbers of all blood cell types (red blood cells [RBCs], leukocytes, and PLTs) were associated with each other before and after treatment. A detailed examination of the different cell types revealed that the PLT count at admission had a significant positive effect on the leukocyte (especially Neu) count after treatment. Conversely, the leukocyte (especially Neu) count at admission had a significant positive effect on the PLT count after treatment. During ACS, PLTs and leukocytes, especially Neu, stimulate each other to increase their numbers. The formation of a PLT-leukocyte complex may increase coagulation activity and inflammation, which can lead to a further increase in the counts of both blood cell types.
Research trends and areas of focus on cryoablation and oncology: A bibliometric analysis from 2001 to 2020
Authors: Liu Hang , Song Changen , Zhang Bingzhe , Luo Rong , Yang Jijin
Published: December 2022

Background:

Cryoablation is an interdisciplinary, widely used treatment approach for several types of solid tumors, making it difficult to obtain a comprehensive picture of its current status and popular research topics. This study aimed to use a bibliometric approach to understand important research themes and trends in cryoablation and oncology.

Methods:

Literature studies on cryoablation and oncology from 2001 to 2020 were extracted from the Web of Science. A bibliometric analysis was performed based on the annual publication volume, several journal articles and local citation score, and distribution of keywords and trends in the literature using tools such as COOC version 9.94, VOSviewer version 1.6.17, and the bibliometrix version 3.1.3 R package.

Results:

This study included 2793 publications. Total yearly publications have plateaued over the last 20 years. Five research themes were presented in the keyword network, including clinical applications of cryoablation in liver, lung, kidney, prostate, and skin cancers and comparison of cryoablation with other energy ablations. After 2012, 2 new research topics emerged: synergy between cryoablation and immunotherapy in tumors and cryoablation of Barrett esophagus. The high cited literatures are dominated by studies related to cryoablation for renal and prostate cancer treatment, but they also reflect the recent increasing interest in immunotherapy and bone metastases. Twenty important journals were identified, with Cryobiology publishing the most articles.

Conclusion:

Bibliometric analysis of studies related to tumor cryoablation can help researchers rapidly comprehend popular topics and determine future trends, guiding future research directions.
Collaborative mental health care: A narrative review
Authors: Reist Christopher , Petiwala Incia , Latimer Jennifer , Raffaelli Sarah Borish , Chiang Maurice , Eisenberg Daniel , Campbell Scott
Published: December 2022

The Collaborative Care model is a systematic strategy for treating behavioral health conditions in primary care through the integration of care managers and psychiatric consultants. Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that Collaborative Care increases access to mental health care and is more effective and cost efficient than the current standard of care for treating common mental illnesses. Large healthcare systems and organizations have begun to adopt Collaborative Care initiatives and are seeing improved treatment outcomes and provider and patient satisfaction. This review discusses current research on the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of Collaborative Care. In addition, this paper discusses its ability to adapt to specific patient populations, such as geriatrics, students, substance use, and women with perinatal depression, as well as the significance of measurement-based care and mental health screening in achieving improved clinical outcomes. Current data suggests that Collaborative Care may significantly improve patient outcomes and time-to-treatment in all reviewed settings, and successfully adapts to special patient populations. Despite the high upfront implementation burden of launching a Collaborative Care model program, these costs are generally offset by long term healthcare savings.
A typical multisite invasive infection caused by hvKP: A case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Jia , Dai Mingying , Sun Qiang , Fang Wei
Published: December 2022

Rationale:

Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) is a new variant of K. pneumoniae that can caused metastatic spreading by blood, including Splenic abscess, endogenous endophthalmitis, purulent meningitis. This report described a case of A typical multisite invasive infection caused by hvKP and carry out a historical review of the literature.

Patient concerns:

A 55-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to liver abscess. Diabetes was found during this hospitalization. Because of glycemic was uncontrolled, splenic abscess, endogenous endophthalmitis and purulent meningitis occurred during subsequent treatment.

Diagnoses:

We made s diagnosis of liver abscess and invasive K. pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome through generation sequencing and imaging features.

Interventions and outcomes:

The patient recovered and was subsequently discharged after mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, laparoscopic exploration and various antimicrobials.

Lessons:

HvKP are very aggressive and can disseminate to multiple sites, especially in patient who have diabetes, which is a treatment challenge for clinician.
Telehealth for Pediatric Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Winnick Joel B. , Chancey Leigh , Buzenski Jessica , Sukumar Kritika , Focht Dean R. , Kuhn Benjamin R. , Tabani Saniya , Zahka Nicole E. , Williams Sara E.
Published: December 2022

A retrospective chart review was completed to examine psychological treatment duration and response among pediatric patients with a disorder of gut-brain interaction including functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was delivered via telehealth with a licensed psychologist or supervised psychology trainee embedded in a pediatric gastroenterology clinic. Participants were 22 youth (mean age = 14.36 years) who received CBT via telehealth between February and September of 2021, after completing an initial evaluation between February and July of 2021. Patients completed reliable and valid self-report measures of functional disability and pain during treatment. A unique CBT model was employed with an initial focus on psychoeducation and function regardless of level of severity of functional impairment. Consistent with study hypotheses, nonparametric statistical analyses demonstrated statistically significant reductions in functional disability and pain following implementation of the CBT model via telehealth. Contrary to predictions, there was no relation found between severity of functional impairment and duration of treatment.
The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position on the Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Care of the Pediatric Patient With Chronic Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Walia Cassandra L. S. , Cerezo Carolina S. , Smith Amber , Turner Justine , Moses Jonathan , Vermilyea Sarah , Gupta Sandeep K. , Verma Ritu
Published: December 2022

The optimization of nutrition is essential for the growth and development of all children, including those with gastrointestinal (GI) conditions that can variably affect nutrient intake, absorption, or metabolism. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) are essential partners in delivering high quality care for pediatric GI disorders, but limited evidence is available to support the role of the RDN in the care of these patients. This position paper outlines the evidence supporting the role of the RDN in the management of chronic pediatric GI issues in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Gaps in the literature, opportunities for future research, and barriers to RDN access are discussed.
Well-differentiated Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors (SLCTs) Are Not Associated With DICER1 Pathogenic Variants and Represent a Different Tumor Type to Moderately and Poorly Differentiated SLCTs
Authors: McCluggage W. Glenn , Rivera Barbara , Chong Anne-Sophie , Clarke Blaise A. , Schultz Kris Ann P. , Dehner Louis P. , Tchrakian Nairi , Apellaniz-Ruiz Maria , Gilks C. Blake , Kommoss Friedrich , Stewart Colin J.R. , Foulkes William D.
Published: December 2022

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are uncommon ovarian sex cord-stromal neoplasms which are currently classified into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated and retiform types. Well-differentiated SLCT is the least common and typically occurs in pure form, whereas moderately and poorly differentiated and retiform types often comprise a morphologic spectrum with an admixture of all 3. DICER1 pathogenic variants are very common in SLCTs but, as far as we are aware, have not been reported in well-differentiated neoplasms, although the number of cases studied is small due to the rarity of this neoplasm. We undertook DICER1 molecular testing in a cohort of 18 well-differentiated SLCTs and show all these to be DICER1 wild-type. None of the cases harbored the p.FOXL2 C134W hotspot mutation. Based upon the DICER1 molecular results, together with morphologic observations, we propose that well-differentiated SLCT is an unrelated neoplasm to the more common moderately/poorly differentiated and retiform SLCTs and is a fundamentally distinct and unrelated tumor type within the ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor family. The implications for tumor nomenclature and recommendations for future tumor classification are discussed within the context of tumors collectively known as SLCTs.