bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and prediction of carcass production of captive javan porcupine (Hystrix javanica)
Authors: Farida Wartika Rosa , Sari Andri Permata , Sofyani Umar , Amalia R. Lia Rahadian
Published: January 2022

Porcupines are unique mammals, their upper body is covered with hard hair resembling sharp cylindrical spines and belongs to the order Rodentia. It has long been used as a source of animal protein. Javan porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is an endemic animal on Java and its population is estimated to continue, due to habitat destruction, poaching, and its use without a conservation. Observations on the growth of young javan porcupines were carried out for 12 months in Small Mammal Captivity, Research Center Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences. This study aims to determine the growth performance of young porcupines in captivity based on number of births, namely singles, twins, and triplets. The young will be with their mother for 3 months, they will be placed in individual cages. Weighing porcupines is done once a week. The results suggest that porcupines continue grow until they are 12 months old and probably continued. The average weight gain of single born was 30.31 g/day; birth of twins 29.65 g/day, 29.72 g/day; and birth of triplets were 29.57 g/day, 28.14 g/day, and 29.79 g/day. Prediction of 12-month-old porcupine carcass production for single, twins, and triplets, respectively, was 6740.86 g; 6593.15 g; and 6470.50 g.
The relationship of estrus character before double dose artificial insemination in Limousin Crossbred cow
Authors: Utami Putri , Hanif Muhammad Zainul , Yekti Aulia Puspita Anugra , Riyanto Joko , Hanim Chusnul , Susilawati Trinil
Published: January 2022

Ongole cattle in smallholder farms on Java, Indonesia, have been crossed with Limousin, which is not controlled repeatedly. The character of estrus affects the success of Artificial Insemination. This study aimed to determine the relationship between estrus characters before double dose artificial insemination using frozen semen sexing. The research was conducted in Senggreng Village, Sumber Pucung District, Malang Regency. The material was 45 head of Limousin crossbred cow inseminated using sexing semen produced by the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC). The sexed semen processed with the Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation (PDGC) method. The average body value of cows between 3-5 (scale 1-9) with an average age of 1.8-7 years, normal reproduction, clear signs of estrus. The reproductive organs were examined by rectal palpation to confirm that the cows are not pregnant. Parameters of estrus character were vulvar color, cervical mucus, vaginal temperature, pH, vulvar swelling, and heat detector value. The result showed that the estrus characters, including vulva color, vulva swelling, cervical mucus, vaginal temperature, cervical mucus pH, and heat detector score in the first and second artificial insemination have a low relationship. The regression models produced can be used but are less precise to estimate the relationship between estrus characters because the coefficient of determination shows a low influence.
Variation of qualitative and quantitative traits in day old chick crossbred of Bangkok and Lohman laying hens
Authors: Nuningtyas Yuli Frita , Natsir Muhammad Halim , Nurgiartiningsih Veronica Margaretha Ani , Lestari Suci Puji , Athariq Muhamad Nadhif
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the body weight based on feather color and shank color in one-day-old (DOC) crossbred of Bangkok and Lohmann laying hens. The research material used was 373 Crossbred Day-Old Chick (DOC). The variables measured were body weight as quantitative traits, therefore feather and shank color as qualitative traits. The results showed that the feather color of Crossbred chicken varied, namely brown, grey, white, yellow, and black, with a percentage of 17.69%, 1.87%, 6.87%, 42.62%, and 30.83%, respectively. The shank colors were yellow and black, with a rate of 67.56% and 32.42%, respectively. The mean body weight for brown, grey, white, yellow, and black feather color was 40.12 ± 4.38 g; 42.43 ± 2.76 g; 40.65 ± 3.03 g; 39.82 ± 3.38 g; and 39.61 ± 3.67 g, respectively. The analysis showed that body weight was not different between feather colors. The highest percentage of color for feather and shank was yellow. The quantitative traits measured in crossbred DOC of Bangkok and Lohmann were above the DOC national standard. The results showed that the dominant qualitative trait in Crossbred chicken for feather color was yellow at 42.62%, shank color was yellow at 67.56%.
The real potential of semen production of Bali Bull: over year observation at Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), Singosari-Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Chairdin Dwi , Widodo Nashi , Kuswati Kuswati , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: January 2022

Increased reproduction is closely related to increased bull productivity. The high productivity of these bulls will increase the amount of straw. The productivity capability of Bali bull is essential in producing straw. High productivity will result in high straw production as well. So the research aims to determine the productivity of Bali bull at SNAIC in the last year. 31 Bali bulls aged 4 – 11 years were used in this study at SNAIC. Total 1.273 ejaculations collection from these during one year. The parameters used in this study include the number of successful holding of each bull, total productivity, and estimation of straw production in one year. From 31 Bali Bulls, the ranking was grouped into two based on values of sperm productivity. The two groups were analyzed using an unpaired T-test. The results showed that the pH, volume, individual motility, concentration, and abnormality were significantly different (P< 0.05) between the high and low groups. The percentage of successful shelters, total TSM, and the number of straws produced in one year in the high productivity group were higher than the low productivity group. High productivity groups are the best with high productivity potential and potential as a source of semen.
A Communication Method of Distributed Tactical Training Simulation System Suitable for Remote Interconnection
Authors: LI Gangqiang , LIU Yu , ZHANG Lili , LI Chunhong , ZHANG Wei
Published: January 2022

The traditional distributed tactical training simulation system is limited by the availability and bandwidth of military network transmission channel and does not have the feasibility of remote interconnection and spatial sub-regional deployment. In this paper, a new communication method of distributed tactical training simulation system is proposed to solve the problem of strong business coupling between nodes and system availability under the condition of low bandwidth. The operator of federated exchange, federated queue and their concepts and design requirements are firstly proposed, and the inverted tree, triangle, ring exchange topology and circular queue structure are further constructed. Theoretically, the expected goal of high-speed interworking between nodes in the cluster and high reliable transmission between clusters is realized. The example also shows that this method can significantly improve the throughput of single switching node and federated node after using reliability confirmation mechanism.
Quantum Algorithm for Attacking RSA Based on Fourier Transform and Fixed-Point
Authors: WANG Yahui , ZHANG Huanguo
Published: January 2022

Shor in 1994 proposed a quantum polynomial-time algorithm for finding the order r of an element a in the multiplicative group Zn*, which can be used to factor the integer n by computing [see formula in PDF] and hence break the famous RSA cryptosystem. However, the order r must be even. This restriction can be removed. So in this paper, we propose a quantum polynomial-time fixed-point attack for directly recovering the RSA plaintext M from the ciphertext C, without explicitly factoring the modulus n. Compared to Shor’s algorithm, the order r of the fixed-point C for RSA(e, n) satisfying [see formula in PDF] does not need to be even. Moreover, the success probability of the new algorithm is at least [see formula in PDF] and higher than that of Shor’s algorithm, though the time complexity for both algorithms is about the same.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasia: outcomes and predictors of recurrence
Authors: Maselli Roberta , Spadaccini Marco , Belletrutti Paul J. , Galtieri Piera Alessia , Attardo Simona , Carrara Silvia , Anderloni Andrea , Fugazza Alessandro , Ferrara Elisa Chiara , Pellegatta Gaia , Iannone Andrea , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims The role of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal lesions in Western communities is unclear and its adoption is still limited. The aim of this study is to assess the long-term outcomes of a large cohort of patients treated with colorectal ESD in a tertiary Western center.

Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated by ESD for superficial colorectal lesions between February 2011 and November 2019. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes were en-bloc and R0 resection rates, procedural time, adverse events (AEs), and need for surgery. The curative resection rate was assessed for submucosal invasive lesions.

Results A total of 327 consecutive patients, median age 69 years (IQR 60–76); 201 men (61.5 %) were included in the analysis. Of the lesions, 90.8 % were resected in an en-bloc fashion. The rate of R0 resection was 83.1 % (217/261) and 44.0 % (29/66) for standard and hybrid ESD techniques, respectively. Submucosal invasion and piecemeal resection independently predicted R1 resections. A total of 18(5.5 %) intra-procedural AEs (perforation:11, bleeding:7) and 12(3.7 %) post-procedural AEs occurred (perforation:2, bleeding: 10). Eighteen adenoma recurrences per 1,000 person-years (15cases, 5.6 %) were detected after a median follow-up time of 36 months. All recurrences were detected within 12 months. No carcinoma recurrences were observed. R1 resection status and intra-procedural AEs independently predicted recurrences with seven vs 150 recurrences per 1,000 person-years in the R0 vs R1 group, respectively.

Conclusions Colorectal ESD is a safe and effective option for managing superficial colorectal neoplasia in a Western setting, with short and long-terms outcomes comparable to Eastern studies. En-bloc R0 resection and absence of intra-procedural AEs are associated with reduced risk of recurrence.
Real-time diagnostic accuracy of blue light imaging, linked color imaging and white-light endoscopy for colorectal polyp characterization
Authors: Houwen Britt B.S.L. , Vleugels Jasper L.A. , Pellisé Maria , Rivero-Sánchez Liseth , Balaguer Francesc , Bisschops Raf , Tejpar Sabine , Repici Alessandro , Ramsoekh D. , Jacobs M. A.J.M , Schreuder Ramon-Michel , Kamiński Michal F. , Rupińska Maria , Bhandari Pradeep , van Oijen M. G.H. , Koens L. , Bastiaansen Barbara A.J. , Tytgat K. M.A.J. , Fockens Paul , Dekker Evelien , Hazewinkel Yark
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims Fujifilm has developed a novel ELUXEO 7000 endoscope system that employs light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at four different wavelengths as light sources that enable blue light imaging (BLI), linked color imaging (LCI), and high-definition white-light endoscopy (HD-WLE). The aim of this study was to address the diagnostic accuracy of real-time polyp characterization using BLI, LCI and HD-WLE (ELUXEO 7000 endoscopy system).

Patients methods This is a prespecified post-hoc analysis of a prospective study in which 22 experienced endoscopists (> 2,000 colonoscopies) from eight international centers participated. Using a combination of BLI, LCI, and HD-WLE, lesions were endoscopically characterized including a high- or low-confidence statement. Per protocol, digital images were created from all three imaging modalities. Histopathology was the reference standard. Endoscopists were familiar with polyp characterization, but did not take dedicated training for purposes of this study.

Results Overall, 341 lesions were detected in 332 patients. Of the lesions, 269 histologically confirmed polyps with an optical diagnosis were included for analysis (165 adenomas, 27 sessile serrated lesions, and 77 hyperplastic polyps). Overall, polyp characterization was performed with high confidence in 82.9 %. The overall accuracy for polyp characterization was 75.1 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 69.5–80.1 %), compared with an accuracy of 78.0 % (95 % CI 72.0–83.2 %) for high confidence assignments. The accuracy for endoscopic characterization for diminutive polyps was 74.7 % (95 %CI 68.4–80.3 %), compared with an accuracy of 78.2 % (95 % CI 71.4–84.0 %) for high-confidence assignments.

Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of BLI, LCI, and HD-WLE by experienced endoscopist for real-time polyp characterization seems limited (NCT03344289).
Effects of basic endoscopic handling and care training on gastrointestinal endoscopy logistics
Authors: Mahawongkajit Prasit , Techagumpuch Ajjana , Auksornchat Kharikarn
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims The current practice of endoscopists is undergoing a dramatic revolution due to emerging endoscopy practices. Increasing use of gastrointestinal endoscopy has led to hospital budgets setting aside funds specifically related to damage to endoscopic instruments. Therefore, training in understanding endoscopic equipment, handling techniques, and equipment care can be helpful in addressing this issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of educational courses and training about basic endoscopic handling and care in gastrointestinal endoscopic care and services.

Methods A number of new endoscopists, nurses, and nurse assistants were enrolled in a course for training in basic endoscopic handling and care. Data on the type of damage, cause, cost, and timing of endoscopic repair were prospectively collected. Data from the post-training period then were compared with retrospective data from the pre-training period.

Results This study demonstrated that after training, there was less damage to endoscopes, lower costs associated with it, and repair times were shorter for endoscopes than before the training course. Post-training results indicated savings of a total of $ 40,617.21 or £ 29,539.78 and 102.6 days per damaged endoscope.

Conclusions Basic endoscopic handling and care training plays an important role for both endoscopists and nurses, as well as in endoscopy facilities, specifically in avoiding the nuisance of unwanted and broken endoscopes. This could be beneficial for both hospital finances and endoscopic services.
[18F]DCFPyL PET/CT for Imaging of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rowe Steven P. , Buck Andreas , Bundschuh Ralph A. , Lapa Constantin , Serfling Sebastian E. , Derlin Thorsten , Higuchi Takahiro , Gorin Michael A. , Pomper Martin G. , Werner Rudolf A.
Published: January 2022

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed positron emission tomography (PET) has gained increasing interest for imaging of men affected by prostate cancer (PC). In recent years, 68Ga-labeled PSMA compounds have been widely utilized, although there is a trend towards increased utilization of 18F-labeled agents. Among others, [18F]DCFPyL (piflufolastat F 18, PYLARIFY) has been tested in multiple major trials, such as OSPREY and CONDOR, which provided robust evidence on the clinical utility of this compound for staging, restaging, and change in management. Recent explorative prospective trials have also utilized [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT for response assessment, e.g., in patients under abiraterone or enzalutamide, rendering this 18F-labeled PSMA radiotracer as an attractive biomarker for image-guided strategies in men with PC. After recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, one may expect more widespread use, not only in the U.S., but also in Europe in the long term. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the current clinical utility of [18F]DCFPyL in various clinical settings for men with PC.
Inhibition of EZH2 transactivation function sensitizes solid tumors to genotoxic stress
Authors: Liao Yiji , Chen Chen-Hao , Xiao Tengfei , de la Peña Avalos Bárbara , Dray Eloise V. , Cai Changmeng , Gao Shuai , Shah Neel , Zhang Zhao , Feit Avery , Xue Pengya , Liu Zhijie , Yang Mei , Lee Ji Hoon , Xu Han , Li Wei , Mei Shenglin , Pierre Roodolph S. , Shu Shaokun , Fei Teng , Duarte Melissa , Zhao Jin , Bradner James E. , Polyak Kornelia , Kantoff Philip W. , Long Henry , Balk Steven P. , Liu X. Shirley , Brown Myles , Xu Kexin
Published: January 2022

Significance

We identified a group of DNA repair genes directly induced by EZH2 and repressed by EZH2 inhibitors. Expression of these genes predicts the response of wild-type EZH2-harboring solid tumors to EZH2 inhibitors. Most importantly, our findings lay the foundation for the development of a combination therapy that combines EZH2 inhibitors and DNA damaging agents or drugs that block DNA repair for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer and other solid tumors.
The discourse markeralein Bislama oral narratives
Authors: Alvanoudi Angeliki , Guérin Valérie
Published: January 2022

This study takes us to the South Pacific and concentrates on Bislama, one of the dialects of Melanesian pidgin (Siegel 2008: 4) and one of the official languages of Vanuatu. We take a discourse analysis perspective to map out the functions ofale, a conspicuous discourse marker in conversations and narratives. UsingLabov & Waletzky (1967)model, we analyze the use ofalein narratives from the bookBig Wok: Storian blong Wol Wo Tu long Vanuatu(Lindstrom & Gwero 1998) and determine thataleis a discourse marker which indicates temporal sequence and consequence, frames speech reports and closes a digression. We conclude our study by considering a possible historical development ofale. We map out how Frenchallezcould have become Bislamaaleusing imposition and functional transfer (Siegel 2008;Winford 2013a) of vernacular discourse markers (such asgoin Nguna).
A review of the properties, synthesis and applications of lanthanum copper oxychalcogenides
Authors: Li Menglu , Wang Ning , Zhang Sa , Hu Jutao , Xiao Haiyan , Gong Hengfeng , Liu Zijiang , Qiao Liang , Zu Xiaotao
Published: January 2022

The study of layered materials has been a significant and fascinating area due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Among various layered materials, lanthanum copper oxychalcogenides [LaCuOX (X = S, Se, Te)] have drawn a lot of attention from researchers. The study of LaCuOX was initially focused on optoelectronic performance due to their excellent optical and electronic properties. Recently, it was found that the layered LaCuOX materials also exhibit good thermoelectric (TE) properties, providing an opportunity to achieve high energy conversion efficiency through the TE effects. In this report, an overview of recent advances in LaCuOX research is provided, including crystal and electronic structure, synthetic methods, physical properties and practical applications as well as some strategies to optimize their transport properties. Theoretical and experimental results on LaCuOX crystals or thin films are both discussed. Finally, the challenges and outlook for LaCuOX are evaluated based on current progress.
Topological viewpoint of two-dimensional group III–V and IV–IV compounds in the presence of electric field and spin–orbit coupling by density functional theory and tight-binding model
Authors: Baradaran A , Ghaffarian M
Published: January 2022

Using the tight-binding (TB) model and density functional theory, the topological invariant of the two-dimensional (2D) group III–V and IV–IV compounds are studied in the absence and the presence of an external perpendicular electric field and spin–orbit coupling. It will be recognized that a critical value of these parameters changes the topological invariant of 2D graphene-like compounds. The significant effects of an external electric field and spin–orbit coupling are considered to the two-center overlap integrals of the Slater–Koster model involved in band structures, changing band-gap, and tuning the topological phase transition between ordinary and quantum spin Hall regime. These declare the good consistency between two theories: TB and density functional. So, this study reveals topological phase transition in these materials. Our finding paves a way to extend an effective Hamiltonian, and may instantly clear some computation aspects of the study in the field of spintronic based on the first-principles methods.
Effects of temperature and grain size on diffusivity of aluminium: electromigration experiment and molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Cui Zhen , Zhang Yaqian , Hu Dong , Vollebregt Sten , Fan Jiajie , Fan Xuejun , Zhang Guoqi
Published: January 2022

Understanding the atomic diffusion features in metallic material is significant to explain the diffusion-controlled physical processes. In this paper, using electromigration experiments and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we investigate the effects of grain size and temperature on the self-diffusion of polycrystalline aluminium (Al). The mass transport due to electromigration are accelerated by increasing temperature and decreasing grain size. Magnitudes of effective diffusivity (D
eff) and grain boundary diffusivity (D
GBs) are experimentally determined, in which the D
eff changes as a function of grain size and temperature, but D
GBs is independent of the grain size, only affected by the temperature. Moreover, MD simulations of atomic diffusion in polycrystalline Al demonstrate those observations from experiments. Based on MD results, the Arrhenius equation of D
GBs and empirical formula of the thickness of grain boundaries at various temperatures are obtained. In total, D
eff and D
GBs obtained in the present study agree with literature results, and a comprehensive result of diffusivities related to the grain size is presented.
Mo2C@C nanofibers film as durable self-supported electrode for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Ouyang Mize , Zhao Liping , Liu Jing , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2022

Self-supported electrocatalytic thin films consist 3D conducting network and well-embedded electrocatalysts, which endows the advantage in mass flow kinetics and durability for large-scale water splitting. Synthesis of such self-supported electrode still remains a big challenge due to the difficulty in the control over the 3D conducting network and the simultaneous growth of catalyst with well attachment on the conducting fibers. Herein, a self-supported Mo2C@carbon nanofibers (Mo2C@C NF) film has been successfully fabricated with outstanding electrocatalytic performance under optimized pyrolysis temperature and precursors mass ratio conditions. During the carbonation process, the Mo2C nanoparticles (∼16 nm) were simultaneously grown and well dispersed on the inter-connected carbon nanofibers, which formed a 3D conducting network. The as-formed 3D carbon network was strong enough to support direct electrocatalytic application without additional ink or supporting substrates. This particular electrode structure facilitated easy access to the active catalytic sites, electron transfer, and hydrogen diffusion, resulting in the high hydrogen evolution reaction activity. A low overpotential of 86 mV was needed to achieve 10 mA cm−2 current density with outstanding kinetics metric (Tafel 43 mV dec−1) in 1 M KOH. Additionally, the self-supported Mo2C@C NF film, a binder-free electrode, exhibited extraordinary stability of more than 340 h.
Plasma dynamics, instabilities and OH generation in a pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma with liquid cathode: a diagnostic study
Authors: Yue Yuanfu , Kondeti V S Santosh K , Sadeghi Nader , Bruggeman Peter J
Published: January 2022

While plasma–liquid interactions have been an important focus in the plasma research community, the impact of the strong coupling between plasma and liquid on plasma properties and processes remains not fully understood. In this work, we report on the impact of the applied voltage, pulse width and liquid conductivity on the plasma morphology and the OH generation for a positive pulsed DC atmospheric pressure plasma jet with He–0.1% H2O mixture interacting with a liquid cathode. We adopted diagnostic techniques of fast imaging, 2D laser induced fluorescence of OH and Thomson scattering spectroscopy. We show that plasma instabilities and enhanced evaporation occur and have a significant impact on the OH generation. At elevated plasma energies, it is found that the plasma contracts due to a thermal instability through Ohmic heating and the contraction coincides with a depletion in the OH density in the core due to electron impact dissociation. For lower plasma energies, the instability is suppressed/delayed by the equivalent series resistor of the liquid electrode. An estimation of the energy flux from the plasma to the liquid shows that the energy flux of the ions released into the liquid by positive ion hydration is dominant, and significantly larger than the energy needed to evaporate sufficient amount of water to account for the measured H2O concentration increase near the plasma–liquid interface.
A self-consistent hybrid model of kinetic striations in low-current argon discharges
Authors: Kolobov Vladimir I , Guzman Juan Alonso , Arslanbekov Robert R
Published: January 2022

A self-consistent hybrid model of standing and moving striations was developed for low-current DC discharges in noble gases. We introduced the concept of surface diffusion in phase space (r, u) (where u denotes the electron kinetic energy) described by a tensor diffusion in the nonlocal Fokker–Planck kinetic equation for electrons in the collisional plasma. Electrons diffuse along surfaces of constant total energy ɛ = u − eφ(r) between energy jumps in inelastic collisions with atoms. Numerical solutions of the 1d1u kinetic equation for electrons were obtained by two methods and coupled to ion transport and Poisson solver. We studied the dynamics of striation formation in Townsend and glow discharges in argon gas at low discharge currents using a two-level excitation-ionization model and a ‘full-chemistry’ model, which includes stepwise and Penning ionization. Standing striations appeared in Townsend and glow discharges at low currents, and moving striations were obtained for the discharge currents exceeding a critical value. These waves originate at the anode and propagate towards the cathode. We have seen two types of moving striations with the two-level and full-chemistry models, which resemble the s and p striations previously observed in the experiments. Simulations indicate that processes in the anode region could control moving striations in the positive column plasma. The developed model helps clarify the nature of standing and moving striations in DC discharges of noble gases at low discharge currents and low gas pressures.
Low-temperature internal quantum efficiency of GaInN/GaN quantum wells under steady-state conditions
Authors: Sidikejiang Shawutijiang , Farr Philipp , Horenburg Philipp , Bremers Heiko , Rossow Uwe , Menzel Dirk , Hangleiter Andreas
Published: January 2022

We compare the low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) intensities of a range of GaInN/GaN quantum well (QW) structures under identical excitation conditions, mounting the samples side by side. Normalizing the measured intensity to the absorbed power density in the QWs, we find that low-temperature PL efficiencies of several samples, which show close to 100% internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in time-resolved PL, saturate at nearly an identical value. Of course, this is strong indicative of being 100% IQE at low temperature for those efficient samples. Using the low-temperature PL efficiency as a ‘Reference’, on the other hand, we observe not only the effects of temperature-independent non-radiative losses on the low-temperature IQE, but also are able to determine the IQE of arbitrary samples on an absolute scale. Furthermore, we prove the experimental results by comparing the low-temperature efficiencies of a sample with an initial 100% IQE after intentionally introducing structural defects with argon-implantation.
Fundamental physical features of resonant spontaneous bremsstrahlung radiation of ultrarelativistic electrons on nuclei in strong laser fields
Authors: Roshchupkin S P , Dubov A V , Dubov V V , Starodub S S
Published: January 2022

Theoretically predicted fundamental features in the process of resonant spontaneous bremsstrahlung radiation during the scattering of ultrarelativistic electrons with energies of the order

∼
100

GeV

by the nuclei in strong laser fields with intensities up to I ∼ 1024 W cm−2. Under resonant conditions, an intermediate electron in the wave field enters the mass shell. As a result, the initial second-order process by the fine structure constant is effectively reduced to two first-order processes: laser-stimulated Compton effect and laser-assisted Mott process. The resonant kinematics for two reaction channels (A and B) is studied in detail. An analytical resonant differential cross-section with simultaneous registration of the frequency and the outgoing angle of a spontaneous gamma-quantum for channels A and B is obtained. The resonant differential cross section takes the largest value with a small number of absorbed laser photons. In this case, the resonant cross-section is determined by one parameter, depending on the small transmitted momenta, as well as the resonance width. In strong fields, spontaneous gamma quanta of small energies are most likely to be emitted compared to the energy of the initial electrons. At the same time, the angular width of the radiation of such gamma quanta is the largest. With an increase in the number of absorbed laser photons, the resonant cross-section decreases quite quickly, and the resonant frequency of spontaneous gamma quanta increases. It is shown that the resonant differential cross-section has the largest value in the region of average laser fields (I ∼ 1018 W cm−2) and can be of the order of

∼
1

0

19

in units

Z

2

α

r

e

2

. With an increase in the intensity of the laser wave, the value of the resonant differential cross-section

R

r
e
s

max

decreases and for the intensity I ∼ 1024 W cm−2 is

R

r
e
s

max

≲
1

0

7

in units

Z

2

α

r

e

2

. The obtained results reveal new features of spontaneous emission of ultrarelativistic electrons on nuclei in strong laser fields and can be tested at international laser installations.
Magnetic phase transitions in the LiNi0.9
M
0.1PO4 (M = Mn, Co) single crystals
Authors: Semkin M A , Urusova N V , Beskrovnyi A I , Volegov A S , Nosov A P , Park J-G , Lee S , Pirogov A N
Published: January 2022

The LiNiPO4, LiNi0.9Mn0.1PO4, and LiNi0.9Co0.1PO4 single crystals are studied with heat capacity and neutron diffraction measurements over the temperature interval (10–30) K. Two peaks are observed on the temperature dependence of heat capacity for LiNiPO4, and LiNi0.9Co0.1PO4 samples. One peak indicates the first order phase transition from an antiferromagnetic commensurate (C) structure to an incommensurate (IC) one upon heating. According to neutron diffraction, in LiNiPO4 the IC ordering is described by the propagation vector k = 2π/b(0, 0.080, 0) at the Néel temperature T
N = 20.8 K, and k = 2π/b(0, 0.098, 0) at T
N = 20.2(1) K for LiNi0.9Co0.1PO4. A further increase in temperature leads to the second order phase transition to a paramagnetic state at critical temperature T
IC = 21.7 K and 21.1 K for LiNiPO4 and LiNi0.9Co0.1PO4, respectively. The C and IC phases coexist over the temperature interval (20.6–20.8) K and (20.2–21.2) K in LiNiPO4 and LiNi0.9Co0.1PO4, respectively. In the LiNi0.9Mn0.1PO4 the magnetic phase transition occurs at T
N = 22.7 K, but a magnetic scattering is observed up to 24.6 K.
Real-time Closed-loop Active Surface Technology of a Large Radio Telescope
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Guoping , Zhou Guohua , Lu Qishuai , Zuo Heng , Wang You , Zhang Hui , Li Aihua , Zhang Chao , Li Yeping , Wu Xuhao , Li Hao , Hu Tianzhu , Xiang BinBin , Wang Na
Published: January 2022

The surface accuracy of a large radio telescope’s primary reflector is easily affected by gravity and temperature change during observations. An active surface system is crucial to ensure the regular operation and high-quality data output of the radio telescope. We propose a real-time closed-loop active surface system including two components. The first component, a new type of photoelectric edge sensor, detects the angle change of the adjacent panels. The second component, the displacement actuator, adjusts the panels’ position and posture to compensate for the angle changes. So, over the entire observation, the closed-loop surface control system with these two components could actively maintain the primary reflector’s accuracy in real time. Using this approach, we constructed an experimental active surface system for the Xinjiang Qitai 110 m Radio Telescope (QTT) to test the maintenance of the surface accuracy. The angle measurement accuracy is better than 0.″2, and the positioning accuracy of the displacement actuator could achieve ±15 μm over the whole 50 mm stroke. The preliminary test results show that the accuracy requirements of the QTT’s primary reflector surface can be met using the active surface system we propose.
Classification of Astrophysics Journal Articles with Machine Learning to Identify Data for NED
Authors: Chen Tracy X. , Ebert Rick , Mazzarella Joseph M. , Frayer Cren , Terek Scott , Chan Ben H. P. , Cook David , Lo Tak , Schmitz Marion , Wu Xiuqin
Published: January 2022

The NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) is a comprehensive online service that combines fundamental multi-wavelength information for known objects beyond the Milky Way and provides value-added, derived quantities and tools to search and access the data. The contents and relationships between measurements in the database are continuously augmented and revised to stay current with astrophysics literature and new sky surveys. The conventional process of distilling and extracting data from the literature involves human experts to review the journal articles and determine if an article is of extragalactic nature, and if so, what types of data it contains. This is both labor intensive and unsustainable, especially given the ever-increasing number of publications each year. We present here a machine learning (ML) approach developed and integrated into the NED production pipeline to help automate the classification of journal article topics and their data content for inclusion into NED. We show that this ML application can successfully reproduce the classifications of a human expert to an accuracy of over 90% in a fraction of the time it takes a human, allowing us to focus human expertise on tasks that are more difficult to automate.
Erratum: Development of a simultaneous imaging system to measure the optical and gamma ray images of Ir-192 source for high-dose-rate brachytherapy
Authors: Nagata J. , Yamamoto S. , Noguchi Y. , Nakaya T. , Okudaira K. , Kamada K. , Yoshikawa A.
Published: January 2022

The gamma camera has a 1-mm-thick cerium-doped yttrium
aluminum perovskite (YA1O_3: YAP(Ce)) scintillator plate optically
coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier (PSPMT), and a
0.1-mm-diameter pinhole collimator was mounted in front of the
camera to improve spatial resolution and reduce sensitivity.
Friction factor analysis for a nanofluid circulating in a microchannel filled with a homogeneous porous medium
Authors: Hernández-Figueroa Francisco Fernando , Méndez Federico , Lizardi José Joaquín , Monsivais Ian Guillermo
Published: January 2022

This work presents the numerical solution for different velocity profiles and friction factors on a rectangular porous microchannel fully saturated by the flow of a nanofluid introducing different viscosity models, including one nanofluid density model. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equation was used to solve the momentum equation in the porous medium. The results show that the relative density of the fluid, the nanoparticle diameters and their volumetric concentration have a direct influence on the velocity profiles only when the inertial effects caused by the presence of the porous matrix are important. Finally, it was found that only viscosity models that depend on temperature and nanoparticle diameter reduce the friction factor by seventy percent compared to a base fluid without nanoparticles; furthermore, these models show a velocity reduction of even ten percent along the symmetry axis of the microchannel.
How I Diagnose Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Prakash Sonam , Orazi Attilio
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a BCR/ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with a shorter overall survival and a higher leukemic transformation than other BCR/ABL1-negative MPNs. Diagnosis of PMF can be challenging given its clinical, morphologic, molecular overlap with other myeloid neoplasms also associated with myelofibrosis, and reactive conditions.

Methods

We summarize and discuss the clinical, morphologic, and molecular features useful for diagnosing PMF as well as salient features helpful in distinguishing PMF from myelodysplastic syndrome with associated fibrosis and autoimmune myelofibrosis using a case-based approach.

Results

PMF in both its prefibrotic and fibrotic stages, the latter characterized by reticulin/collagen marrow fibrosis, is characterized by a proliferation of predominantly abnormal megakaryocytes and granulocytes in the bone marrow. Driver mutations in   JAK2, CALR, or MPLare seen in approximately 90% of PMF cases. In triple-negative cases, the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities and other somatic mutations identified by next-generation sequencing can help establish a diagnosis of PMF in the appropriate clinical and morphologic context.

Conclusions

Given the significant difference in prognosis and treatment, integration of clinical, morphological, and molecular/genetic findings is essential in distinguishing PMF from other etiologies that can demonstrate myelofibrosis.
News in Astronomy & Geophysics – February 2022
Authors: Bowler Sue , Gunn Alastair
Published: January 2022

A digest of some of the big stories from the past two months
RAS Specialist Discussion Meeting report
Authors: Coxon John C , Aruliah Anasuya , Bentley Sarah , Shore Robert M
Published: January 2022

Report on the RAS Specialist Discussion Meeting ‘System-scale observations and modelling of solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (SW-M-I-T) coupling’.
Territoriality modifies the effects of habitat complexity on animal behavior: a meta-analysis
Authors: Church Kathleen D W , Matte Jean-Michel , Grant James W A
Published: January 2022

Augmenting habitat complexity by adding structure has been used to increase the population density of some territorial species in the wild and to reduce aggression among captive animals. However, it is unknown if all territorial species are affected similarly by habitat complexity, and whether these effects extend to non-territorial species. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the behavior of a wide range of territorial and non-territorial taxa in complex and open habitats to determine the effects of habitat complexity on 1) territory size, 2) population density, 3) rate and time spent on aggression, 4) rate and time devoted to foraging, 5) rate and time spent being active, 6) shyness/boldness, 7) survival rate, and 8) exploratory behavior. Overall, all measures were significantly affected by habitat complexity, but the responses of territorial and non-territorial species differed. As predicted, territorial species were less aggressive, had smaller territories and higher densities in complex habitats, whereas non-territorial species were more aggressive and did not differ in population density. Territorial species were bolder but not more active in complex habitats, whereas non-territorial species were more active but not bolder. Although the survival of non-territorial species increased in complex habitats, no such increase was observed for territorial species. The increased safety from predators provided by complex habitats may have been balanced by the higher population densities and bolder behavior in territorial species. Our analysis suggests that territorial and non-territorial animals respond differently to habitat complexity, perhaps due to the strong reliance on visual cues by territorial animals.
Enhancing theImago Dei: Can a Christian Be a Transhumanist?
Authors: Eberl Jason T
Published: January 2022

Transhumanism is an ideology that embraces the use of various forms of biotechnology to enhance human beings toward the emergence of a “posthuman” kind. In this article, I contrast some of the foundational tenets of Transhumanism with those of Christianity, primarily focusing on their respective anthropologies—that is, their diverse understandings of whether there is an essential nature shared by all human persons and, if so, whether certain features of human nature may be intentionally altered in ways that contribute toward how each views human flourishing. A central point of difference concerns Transhumanists’ aim of attaining “substrate independence” for the human mind, such that one’s consciousness could be uploaded into a cybernetic environment. Christian anthropology, on the other hand, considers embodiment, with its characteristics of vulnerability and finitude, to be an essential feature of human nature—hence, Christians’ belief in bodily resurrection. Despite Christianity and Transhumanism having fundamental differences, I contend that Christians may support moderate forms of enhancement oriented toward supporting our flourishing as living, sentient, social, and rational animals.
Five-Year Community Surveillance Study for Acute Respiratory Infections Using Text Messaging: Findings From the MoSAIC Study
Authors: Stockwell Melissa S , Reed Carrie , Vargas Celibell Y , Wang Liqun , Alba Luis R , Jia Haomiao , LaRussa Philip , Larson Elaine L , Saiman Lisa
Published: January 2022

Background

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common infectious diseases globally. Community surveillance may provide a more comprehensive picture of disease burden than medically attended illness alone.

Methods

In this longitudinal study conducted from 2012 to 2017 in the Washington Heights/Inwood area of New York City, we enrolled 405 households with 1915 individuals. Households were sent research text messages twice weekly inquiring about ARI symptoms. Research staff confirmed symptoms by follow-up call. If ≥2 criteria for ARI were met (fever/feverish, cough, congestion, pharyngitis, myalgias), staff obtained a mid-turbinate nasal swab in participants’ homes. Swabs were tested using the FilmArray reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respiratory panel.

Results

Among participants, 43.9% were children, and 12.8% had a chronic respiratory condition. During the 5 years, 114 724 text messages were sent; the average response rate was 78.8% ± 6.8%. Swabs were collected for 91.4% (2756/3016) of confirmed ARI; 58.7% had a pathogen detected. Rhino/enteroviruses (51.9%), human coronaviruses (13.9%), and influenza (13.2%) were most commonly detected. The overall incidence was 0.62 ARI/person-year, highest (1.73) in <2 year-olds and lowest (0.46) in 18–49 year-olds. Approximately one-fourth of those with ARI sought healthcare; percents differed by pathogen, demographic factors, and presence of a chronic respiratory condition.

Conclusions

Text messaging is a novel method for community-based surveillance that could be used both seasonally as well as during outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. The importance of community surveillance to accurately estimate disease burden is underscored by the findings of low rates of care-seeking that varied by demographic factors and pathogens.
Invasive Non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Infections
Authors: Fierer Joshua
Published: January 2022

Salmonella enterica invade the host via the intestinal tract. There are ~2 thousand distinct serovars of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) that can cause gastroenteritis in normal hosts, but bacteremia is an uncommon complication of gastroenteritis except at the extremes of age (in Graham et al. Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections of children in tropical Africa. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:1189–96). In contrast, enteric fever and invasive NTS infections (iNTS) are each caused by only a few serovars of S. enterica  (Table 1), and bacteremia not gastroenteritis is their principal manifestation.
Residual Closeness, Matching Number and Chromatic Number
Authors: Wang Yanna , Zhou Bo
Published: January 2022

Residual closeness is a novel graph-based network vulnerability parameter. In this model, links are perfectly reliable and the nodes fail independently of each other. We characterize those graphs with maximum residual closeness and those connected graphs with minimum residual closeness when matching number (chromatic number, respectively) is fixed.
Sorry not Sorry: (Non-) Apology, Satire, and the Vacuum
Authors: McEvoy Tara
Published: January 2022

This essay considers the theme of apology and what happens when the demand for apology is subverted, using the Vacuum newspaper as a case study. I consider the argument that played out in 2004 between the Vacuum and Belfast City Council, which partially funded its production. The Vacuum’s publication of themed double issues entitled ‘God’ and ‘Satan’ provoked the ire of conservative Council Members who proposed that the publication's editors must apologize to Members of the Council and the citizens of Belfast for the offence they had caused. In so doing, the publication secured its place as one of the most controversial Northern Irish print publications of recent years.

In their response to the Council’s demand – a themed ‘Sorry’ issue – the Vacuum’s editors struck a defiant tone. Media discourse around the ‘Sorry’ issue of the Vacuum has centred on the element of public spectacle it generated, but this essay represents a reconsideration of its importance. I read it as informed by an ethics of resistance. By refusing to be co-opted into making a sham apology, the ‘Sorry’ issue illuminates the crucial importance of apology in the place and time of its production – in a country still reeling from the violence of the Troubles.
Macroeconomic dynamics and reallocation in an epidemic: evaluating the ‘Swedish solution’
Authors: Krueger Dirk , Uhlig Harald , Xie Taojun
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we argue that endogenous shifts in private consumption behaviour across sectors of the economy can act as a potent mitigation mechanism during an epidemic or when the economy is re-opened after a temporary lockdown. We introduce a susceptible-infected-recovered epidemiological model into a neoclassical production economy in which goods are distinguished by the degree to which they can be consumed at home rather than in a social, possibly contagious context. We demonstrate within the model, that the ‘Swedish solution’ of letting the epidemic play out without much government intervention and allowing agents to reduce their overall consumption as well as shift their consumption behaviour towards relatively safe sectors can lead to substantial mitigation of the economic and human costs of the COVID-19 crisis. We argue that significant seasonal variation in the infection risk is needed to account for the two-wave nature of the pandemic. We estimate the model on Swedish health data and show that it predicts the dynamics of weekly deaths, aggregate as well as sectoral consumption, that accord well with the empirical record and the two-waves for Sweden for 2020 and early 2021. We also characterize the allocation a social planner would choose and how it would dictate sectoral consumption patterns. In so doing, we demonstrate that the laissez-faire outcome with sectoral reallocation mitigates the economic and health crisis but possibly at the expense of unnecessary deaths and too massive a decline in economic activity.