bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is hydrogen a decarbonizing fuel for maritime shipping?
Authors: Agarwala Nitin
Published: July 2024

To meet the targets for carbon emissions as laid out by the Paris Agreement, the International Maritime Organisation has experimented with several technological, operational, and incentive-based methods. However, to date, a viable and reliable method or technology has eluded humankind in meeting the desired carbon emission standards of the shipping industry. Since LNG, so far considered as a potent decarbonizing candidate, has fallen short, efforts to experiment with hydrogen as an alternative candidate for decarbonization have found traction with researchers. Using desk-based qualitative research, the author aims to analyze the use of hydrogen in the shipping sector as a means of achieving decarbonization. In doing so, the future use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel for the shipping industry to achieve net-zero emission targets is examined, evaluated, and discussed. The study shows that, while hydrogen as a decarbonizing fuel in the shipping industry has high potential, its use as a zero-emission fuel is feasible only if either the technology of hydrogen production using renewables advances, or increased taxations and subsidies make the costs comparable to currently cheaper production methods using fossil fuels.
Highlights

IMO has committed decarbonisation of the shipping industry but has not been able to identify a fuel, process or technology to achieve this target
Many fuel options have been experimented with but with limited success
Hydrogen as a fuel offers high promise to achieve the committed target of IMO
Hydrogen can be the desired decarbonising fuel if either technology for hydrogen production is refined or increased taxations and subsidies can help renewable energy to achieve cost comparison with fossil fuel energy
НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНІ ОСНОВИ СТВОРЕННЯ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО РУХОМОГО СКЛАДУ ТИПУ «СХІД-ЗАХІД»
Authors: ДЬОМІН Ростислав ,   Кременчуцький сталеливарний завод, ДЬОМІН Юрій , ЧЕРНЯК Ганна , MOCТОВИЧ Анатолій ,   Східноукраїнський національний університет імені Володимира Даля
Published: July 2024

У монографії розглянуто низку науково-технічних проблем щодо створення рухомого складу для вантажних перевезень залізницями різного стандарту. Запропоновано техніко-технологічні удосконалення процесів, пов’язаних з переходом рухомого складу через стикові пункти колій 1520/1435 мм. Розглянуто шляхи оновлення нормативної бази щодо розробки та допуску до експлуатації транспортних засобів комбінованого транспорту. Представлено мобільну систему для визначення динамічної навантаженості рухомого складу в умовах експлуатації. Запропоновано удосконалений метод моніторингу динамічного навантаження рухомого складу на колійну структуру. Викладено вимоги до рухомого складу для безперевантажувальних перевезень. За наявними технічними вимогами розроблено базову конструкцію візка «дружнього до колії». Обговорено питання формування парку спеціалізованих вагонів, адаптованих до умов експлуатації на залізницях як колії 1520 мм, так іколії 1435 мм.
Response to DA-EPOCH-R is associated with activation of 'fitter' cytotoxic T-cells in patients with newly diagnosed double and triple hit high-grade B-cell lymphoma
Authors: De Jonge A. Vera , Bruins Wassilis S.C. , Duetz Carolien , Korst Charlotte L.B.M. , Rentenaar Rosa , Cosovic Meliha , Eken Merve , Kersten Marie-Jose , Sandberg Yorick , Van Rijn Rozemarijn S. , Fijnheer Rob , Mutsaers Pim , Vergote Vibeke K.J. , Issa Djamila , Beeker Aart , Bilgin Yavuz M. , Visser Otto , Van Werkhoven Erik , Roemer Margaretha G.M. , Chamuleau Martine E.D. , Mutis Tuna
Published: July 2024

Not available.
Análisis conceptual de las instituciones y reglas fiscales: antecedentes y aplicación en la experiencia argentina
Authors: Martino Florencia M.
Published: July 2024

En el presente artículo se aborda algunas ideas de destacados autores, como C. North[1], Mancur Olson y Elinor Ostrom. Estos académicos han analizado diversas temáticas como el desarrollo, la incidencia de las organizaciones y la modificación de las instituciones. El objetivo del presente artículo es conceptualizar que se entiende por organizaciones, y sus diferencias con las instituciones y explicar sus procesos de cambio, y como éstas determinan y afectan a las reglas fiscales vigentes desde la sanción de la Ley de Responsabilidad Fiscal sancionada en el año 2004.
 
[1] Premio Nobel de Economía en 1993 junto a Robert Fogel por la aplicación de técnicas cuantitativas para explicar los cambios económicos e institucionales, e incluirlos en la historia económica.
Ficciones deseadas, ficciones posibles:
Authors: Adler Jazmín
Published: July 2024

Este artículo analiza determinadas obras artístico-tecnológicas exhibidas en los Estados Unidos en el contexto geopolítico de la década del sesenta,  cuyos procesos de concepción y creación fueron posibles mediante la colaboración de artistas, ingenieros y científicos. El trabajo interdisciplinario entre los campos del arte, la ciencia y la tecnología adquirió un notable protagonismo en dicha coyuntura, signada por la carrera espacial iniciada con el lanzamiento de Sputnik en 1957, las fricciones entre los Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética durante la Guerra Fría, la expansión de los medios de comunicación masiva y el crecimiento de grandes corporaciones, industrias y universidades consagradas al desarrollo científico-tecnológico. El trabajo analiza las modalidades de intercambio configuradas en cada caso entre las metodologías y herramientas de sus respectivos ámbitos, el rol desempeñado por artistas e ingenieros en la construcción de ficciones artístico-tecnológicas implicadas en el acto inventivo y las formas en que las experiencias de trabajo conjunto, en su vocación de especular con otros modos de producir conocimiento práctico y teórico, impulsaron la emergencia de nuevos campos del saber que desbordaron considerablemente los límites disciplinarios hasta entonces conocidos.
Molecular Identification of Alternaria Alternata Associated With Leaf Spot Disease in Garlic and Its Eco-Friendly Control Measures
Authors: Khatun Most Shahida , Rayhan Md Abu , Alam Nuhu
Published: July 2024

Leaf spot disease is considered as one of the devastating disease of garlic that results in significant decrease of crop yield worldwide. The main purpose of this study was to identify the pathogenic fungi of garlic and to find out its eco-friendly control measures. The pathogen (Alternaria alternata) was characterized morphologically and identified through the molecular method. Morphological characters e.g. greyish-black mycelium and unbranched, straight, smooth-walled, and golden brown conidia was identified as the initial indicator. Species level identification was carried out by using sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer/5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in which internal transcribed spacer 4 (ITS4) and ITS5 and 5.8S rDNA were amplified by PCR. The results revealed that Potato Dextrose Agar (91 mm) is the best media for the mycelial growth of A. alternata followed by Potato Sucrose Agar and Carrot Agar (55 mm). The best growth was found at 30℃ at pH 6. A. alternata can be controlled biologically with a mix-culture of different species of Trichoderma as T. harzianum, T. reseei, T. asperellum. Culture with two or more species had better inhibitory effects than culture with one species. Lawsonia inermis and Ocimum sanctum extract showed a certain level of significant inhibition against A. alternata, (73.74% and 65.93% respectively). Thus, the present study will be helpful to identify the pathogen of leaf spot disease of garlic and eco-friendly management of the disease in future.
J. Bio-Sci. 31(2): 45-53, 2023
KEAHLIAN FORENSIK, INDEPENDENSI, PENGALAMAN DAN SKEPTISME PROFESIONAL PADA KEMAMPUAN AUDITOR DALAM MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN
Authors: Mukoffi Ahmad , Ren Nofrida Herlinda , Ekasari Luh Dina
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how forensic knowledge, independence, experience, and professional skepticism affect auditors' capacity to detect fraud in Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in Malang City. Ten questionnaires are sent to each firm of auditors in KAP Malang as part of the data gathering technique. Descriptive statistics, data quality checks, conventional assumption tests, and hypothesis testing are all components of data analysis. The study's findings suggest that forensic knowledge has no impact on auditors' capacity to detect fraud, and independence, experience, professional skepticism influence the audiotr’s ability to detect fraud.
PERAN BUDAYA TRADISIONAL BALI UNTUK DUNIA DALAM PRESIDENSI G20 INDONESIA
Authors: Yusmini Ni Made , Sumariana I Gede Ari
Published: July 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of finding out the role of Balinese culture, strategy and impact on improving human resources for craftsmen in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village. The data analysis technique used is a non-statistical analysis technique because the data in this research is qualitative data which prioritizes descriptions and arguments from researchers and sources. The results of the research state that Balinese culture, especially gringsing woven cloth, has an important role for the world, namely being a cultural asset and can be used as a means of improving the regional economy. Balinese culture, especially gringsing woven cloth, has a big impact on improving human resources for gringsing woven cloth craftsmen. Based on this research, it is necessary to preserve culture, increase human resources and utilize large events such as the G20 Presidency. In order to be able to provide reference contributions in the field of management economics and be able to provide suggestions and criticism to Gringsing woven fabric entrepreneurs to always maintain and improve product quality.
PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN: PENGARUH KECAKAPAN KERJA, SUPERVISI TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KENYAMANAN BEKERJA STUDI KASUS PT S&F GARMEN MANUFAKTUR
Authors: Oktaviani Dini , Suryani Ni Nyoman , Mitariani Ni Wayan Eka
Published: July 2024

This research has a purpose to analyze the influence of proficiency, transformational supervision and enjoyment of work on PT performance. SF Garment Manufacturing. This research is kind ofof quantitative analysis and consists ofo 32 employees as the research population and sample. Data collection is carried out through questionnaire techniques using survey method. Data analysis uses SPSS 23 software which includes multiple linear regression test, classical test and hypothesis test, Based on the results of the analysis, research shows that proficiency has significantly give a positive influence both simultaneously and partially on the employee productivity. Transformational supervision also has significantly give  a positive effect simultaneously and partially on employee productivity. Meanwhile, enjoyment of work simultaneously has significantly give a positive effect on PT performance. SF Garment Manufacturing. Research variables have coefficient determination 83,6% to influence the productivity of company’s employee. So, research in the future still needed to analyze other variable out from the research variables that already exist in this study.
Analysis of Related Complications After Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body Implantation
Authors: Ren Cong ,   Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China., Li Zhongen , Wang Gaolei , Pang Jing , Guo Bin ,   Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.,   Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.,   Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.,   Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.,   Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.,   Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.,   Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
Published: July 2024

Objective: To summarize related complications and treatment after Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body (FCVB) implantation. Methods: This is a retrospective case study. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 37 patients (37 eyes) implanted with FCVB at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2019 to May 2023. Reasons for the operation of folding artificial vitreous balloon implantation:27 eyes (73.0%) implanted during the second stage of oil extraction after suture of eyeball rupture injury, 7 eyes (18.9%) implanted after primary vitrectomy, 3 eyes (8.1%) implanted during the second stage of oil extraction of old retinal detachment, and average follow-up (14+) months. Results: The main complications after FCVB surgery are:13 eyes (35.1%) of anterior chamber blood accumulation in 9 cases (24.3%), early intraocular pressure rise in 6 cases (16.2%), corneal endothelial decompensation in 2 cases (5.4%), artificial vitreous balloon displacement; 1 case of artificial vitreous balloon prolapse (2.7%). Conclusion: Common complications after FCVB surgery included anterior chamber blood accumulation, early intraocular pressure increase, corneal endothelial density, artificial vitreous balloon displacement, and artificial vitreous balloon prolapse.
Estimation of Patellofemoral Joint Dysfunction in Obese Post menopausal Women
Authors: Joshi Akshaya , Shinde Sandeep , Jain Pooja
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to estimate Patellofemoral Joint Dysfunction in obese postmenopausal women. Methods: Depending on selection criteria, 100 obese postmenopausal women were selected by simple random sampling method. Written consent was taken and a detailed outcome assessment was done by using a Numerical Pain Rating Scale for pain assessment, Range of motion of hip, knee, ankle joint, Waldron Test, Eccentric Step-down Test, and Quadriceps angle. Statistical analysis was done and results were obtained. Findings: Among the 100 participants, 63% of women experienced pain during their daily activities. The mean pain intensity at rest was 2.25 ± 1.91, and during activity, it increased to 3.28 ± 6.60 (p value < 0.0001). The range of motion in the hip, knee, and ankle joints was reduced compared to that of individuals in the same age group without pain. Specifically, Hip extension-adduction, knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion-inversion-eversion had a p value of <0.0001. For hip flexion-abduction-medial and lateral rotation, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion, the p values were 0.0003, 0.1952, 0.0001, 0.003, 0.0392, and 0.0333. Additionally, 35% of women had quadriceps angles greater than 180 degrees, while the remaining 65% had angles less than 180 degrees. 63% of women exhibited crepitus during activities like stair climbing and walking. 52% of women tested positive on the Waldron Test. 60% of women showed positive findings on the Eccentric Step-down Test. Conclusion: It concluded that there is significant Patellofemoral Joint Dysfunction in obese postmenopausal women.
THE CRITERION OF REASONABLENESS IN THE APPLICATION OF DISCRETION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF A CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Umatkulova Regina Radikovna
Published: July 2024

The article examines the criterion of validity and its correlation with the criteria of legality, motivation in the application of discretion within the framework of the administration of a correctional institution. The author concludes that the situation in which the discretion of the correctional institution administration is applied should be fully investigated, and its signs (elements) should be set out in the relevant act. At the same time, negative changes within the framework of discretion should be particularly justified, that is, when a person's situation worsens and his rights are limited, there should always be good reasons. In order to comply with the criterion of validity of the decision, specially authorized persons may be involved, including situationally organized disciplinary commissions, which is necessary to form a more objective opinion on each specific situation.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF THE CRIMINAL LAW THAT ENSURE THE SAFETY OF A PERSON, SOCIETY OR THE STATE
Authors: Sych Konstantin
Published: July 2024

The article examines the problems of criminal law impact on socially dangerous acts that are not crimes, but pose a danger to society. Currently, the current criminal legislation does not have in its arsenal sufficient means of influencing such acts. It is planned to include these measures in criminal legislation.
Relevansi Pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam Toleransi Beragama di Indonesia
Authors: Komarudin Omang , Danuri Danuri , Kulsum Umi , Hermawati Hermawati
Published: July 2024

This article explores the relevance of Ki Hajar Dewantara's thought in presenting a paradigm of religious tolerance in Indonesia. As a pioneer of Taman Siswa, Ki Hajar Dewantara brought important contributions to the discourse of tolerance and inclusiveness. This article aims to provide solid and contextual scientific insights into how Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts can continue to color and form the foundation of religious tolerance in Indonesia. The research methodology in this article is a narrative review of the literature, by explaining Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts that are relevant to religious tolerance. The results of this research are 1) Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts on religious tolerance are relevant in the face of contemporary social, cultural and educational dynamics. 2). The influence of Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts in the world of education has proven to have a positive impact, related to the integration of religious tolerance values in the formal and non-formal curriculum illustrates how Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts become the foundation for the transformation of education in Indonesia, and 3). Case studies and successful examples illustrate that Ki Hajar Dewantara's thought is not only a theoretical concept, but also a practical guide. The implementation of this thought at various levels of education provides clear evidence that religious tolerance can be realized through real and measurable efforts.
Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan
Authors: Saifudin Eko , Satibi Imam , Kurniawan Benny , Eliyanto Eliyanto
Published: July 2024

The essence of transformation is changing potential into real energy. Madrasah heads who are able to carry out leadership transformations mean they can turn their institutions into energy to improve the quality of educational processes and output. The aims of this research are (1) to describe and analyze the transformational leadership of madrasa heads at MTs Ma'arif NU 1 Sumpiuh Banyumas, and (2) to describe and analyze the leadership of madrasa heads in improving the quality of education through transformational leadership at MTs Ma'arif NU 1 Sumpiuh Banyumas. This research is qualitative research using pedagogical, management and theological approaches. The primary data was obtained from the madrasa head, teachers, administrative staff, and related parties in the madrasa as well as the community who have been helping the madrasa in community development, while the secondary data was obtained from books, the internet, and other sources deemed relevant to the problems studied. Data was collected through observation techniques, interviews and documentation studies. This research found that the leadership of the head of MTs Ma'arif 1 NU Sumpiuh Banyumas in carrying out the main tasks is a democratic leader, indications of which can be seen from the description of the main tasks, strategies, actions and active, dynamic and directed madrasah programs that try to utilize every people for the benefit of the progress and development of the madrasah. The transformational leadership of madrassa heads has had a positive impact on improving the quality of education, although there are still several weaknesses that need to be corrected and require better strategies from madrasah heads in carrying out their main duties, especially in overcoming the problem of the community's lack of interest in sending their children to MTs Ma'arif NU 1 Sumpiuh Banyumas. The final implication of this research is the importance of the madrasa head as a leader to always carry out his main duties optimally in order to improve the quality of education in the madrasa. For this purpose, madrasah heads must be able to mobilize madrasah resources, in relation to planning and evaluating madrasah programs, curriculum development, learning, personnel management, learning facilities and resources, finance, student services, madrasah with the community and creating a madrasah climate
Technology and research on the influence of liquid crystal cladding doped with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on light propagation in an optical taper sensor
Authors: Niewczas Michał , Stasiewicz Karol A. , Przybysz Natalia , Pakuła Anna , Paczesny Jan , Zbonikowski Rafał , Dziaduszek Jerzy , Kula Przemysław , Jaroszewicz Leszek R.
Published: July 2024

The results obtained for new dual-cladding optical fiber tapers surrounded by liquid crystal (LC) doped with Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a specially developed glass cell are presented. The created structures are sensitive to changes in refractive index values in the surrounding medium caused by modifying external environment parameters. In this investigation, cells are filled with nematic LCs 6CHBT and with the same mixture doped with 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt% of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). The taper is made on a standard single-mode telecommunication fiber, stretched out to a length of 20.0 ± 0.5 mm, and the diameter of the tapers is approximately 15.0 ± 0.3 μm, with a loss lower than 0.5 dB @ 1,550 nm. Measurements are carried out in a wide range covering the visible and infrared ranges in two setups: 1) without a magnetic field, with steering only by voltage and 2) with an applied magnetic field. The presented spectrum results are divided into two ranges according to the parameters of optical spectrum analyzers: 350–1,200 nm and 1,200–2,400 nm. For all investigations, a steering voltage is chosen from the range of 0 to 200 V, which allows for establishing the influence of dopants on transmitted power and time response at different arrangements. Due to the sensitivity of LCs to temperature changes, this paper focuses on measuring at room temperature the effect of the magnetic field on propagation in a fiber optic taper. The proposed solution demonstrates the technology for creating advanced components as a combination of fiber optic technology, LCs, and nanoparticles. The presented results show the possibility of creating new sensors of various external factors such as magnetic or electric fields in miniaturized dimensions.
Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis as prognostic markers for relapse in ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Mendes-Frias Ana , Moreira Marta , Vieira Maria C. , Gaifem Joana , Costa Patrício , Lopes Luís , Silvestre Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the colon and rectum. Although the precise etiology of ulcerative colitis remains unclear, recent research has underscored the significant role of the microbiome in its development and progression.

Methods

The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between the levels of specific gut bacterial species and disease relapse in ulcerative colitis. For this study, we recruited 105 ulcerative colitis patients in remission and collected clinical data, blood, and stool samples. Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis levels were quantified in the stool samples of ulcerative colitis patients. Binary logistic regression was applied to collected data to predict disease remission.

Results

The median time in remission in this cohort was four years. A predictive model incorporating demographic information, clinical data, and the levels of Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis was developed to understand remission patterns.

Discussion

Our findings revealed a negative correlation between the levels of these two microorganisms and the duration of remission. These findings highlight the importance of the gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis for disease prognosis and for personalized treatments based on microbiome interventions.
Detection technology and clinical applications of serum viral products of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Liu Ying , Wu Di , Zhang Kui , Ren Rongrong , Liu Yuxuan , Zhang Shuya , Zhang Xuanyu , Cheng Jilin , Chen Liping , Huang Jun
Published: July 2024

Viral hepatitis, caused by its etiology, hepatitis virus, is a public health problem globally. Among all infections caused by hepatitis-associated viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains the most serious medical concern. HBV infection particularly affects people in East Asia and Africa, the Mediterranean region, and Eastern Europe, with a prevalence rate of > 2%. Currently, approximately 1 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV, and nearly 30% of them experience chronic infection. Chronic HBV infection can lead to chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resulting in the related death of approximately 1 million people annually. Although preventative vaccines and antiviral therapies are currently available, there is no cure for this infection. Clinical testing is not only the gateway for diagnosis of HBV infection, but also crucial for judging the timing of medication, evaluating the effect of antiviral therapy, and predicting the risk of relapse after drug withdrawal in the whole follow-up management of hepatitis B infected persons. With advances in detection technology, it is now possible to measure various viral components in the blood to assess the clinical status of HBV infection. Serum viral products of HBV infection, such as HBV DNA, HBV RNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e-antigen, and hepatitis B core-related antigen, are non-invasive indicators that are critical for the rapid diagnosis and management of related diseases. Improving the sensitivity of monitoring of these products is essential, and the development of corresponding detection technologies is pivotal in achieving this goal. This review aims to offer valuable insights into CHB infection and references for its effective treatment. We provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of classical and novel methods for detecting HBV serum viral products and discusses their clinical applications, along with the latest research progress in this field.
Seals, sharks, and social identity: ocean management preferences and priorities
Authors: Bratton Rachel , Dowling-Guyer Seana , Vaske Jerry , Jackman Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Social identity influences policy preferences and actions regarding wildlife. Using data from a survey of residents, commercial fishers, and tourists on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, this study examined the relationships between self-selected social identities (i.e., animal protection, environmental, hunter, and angler) within these stakeholder groups and ocean management priorities, support for the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), and acceptance of lethal management of seals and white sharks. Results revealed three social identity clusters: (1) identification with environmental and animal protection groups (non-consumptive), (2) identification with both non-consumptive (environmental, animal protection) and consumptive (angler, hunter) groups, and (3) identification with none of the groups. Residents were a mix of identities; tourists primarily identified with the non-consumptive and, to a lesser extent, no identification clusters; and commercial fishers identified with the mixed non-consumptive/consumptive and no identification clusters. The overlap between consumptive and non-consumptive identifications illustrates the heterogeneity of social identity. Participants in the non-consumptive cluster favored policies prioritizing wildlife, the environment, and marine mammal protections more strongly than those in other clusters. Findings contribute to research examining social identity theory to improve understanding of public wildlife management preferences, within the novel context of rebounding populations of marine predators such as pinnipeds and white sharks.
Anti-inflammatory effect of semaglutide: updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Masson Walter , Lobo Martín , Nogueira Juan Patricio , Rodriguez-Granillo Alfredo Matias , Barbagelata Leandro Ezequiel , Siniawski Daniel
Published: July 2024

Background

The anti-inflammatory effect could be one of the mechanisms by which semaglutide reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or obesity. Determining the anti-inflammatory effect of semaglutide was the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

This meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed to detect randomised clinical trials that have quantified the effect of semaglutide on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to placebo or a control group (other glucose-lowering drugs). The primary outcome was CRP index (final CRP/basal CRP). A random-effects model was used.

Results

Thirteen randomised clinical trials were considered eligible (n = 26,131). Overall, semaglutide therapy was associated with lower CRP index values compared to the placebo group (SMD −0.56; 95% CI −0.69 to −0.43, I2 92%) or the control group (SMD −0.45; 95% CI −0.68 to −0.23, I2 82%).Such an association was similarly observed when different treatment regimens (subcutaneous vs. oral) or different populations (patients with or without T2DM) were analysed. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust.

Conclusion

The present meta-analysis demonstrated that the use of semaglutide was associated with a reduction in inflammation irrespective of the population evaluated or the treatment regimen used. These findings would explain one of the mechanisms by which semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO [CRD42024500551].
High prevalence of ALPK3 premature terminating variants in Korean hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients
Authors: Ryu Seung Woo , Jeong Won Chan , Hong Geu Ru , Cho Jung Sun , Lee Soo Yong , Kim Hyungseop , Jang Jeong Yoon , Lee Sun Hwa , Bae Dae-Hwan , Cho Jae Yeong , Kim Ji Hee , Kim Kyung-Hee , Son Jang Won , Han Beomman , Seo Go Hun , Lee Hane
Published: July 2024

Background

The alpha-protein kinase 3 (ALPK3) gene (OMIM: 617608) is associated with autosomal recessive familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-27 (CMH27, OMIM: 618052). Recently, several studies have shown that monoallelic premature terminating variants (PTVs) in ALPK3 are associated with adult-onset autosomal dominant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP). However, these studies were performed on patient cohorts mainly from European Caucasian backgrounds.

Methods

To determine if this finding is replicated in the Korean HCMP cohort, we evaluated 2,366 Korean patients with non-syndromic HCMP using exome sequencing and compared the cohort dataset with three independent population databases.

Results

We observed that monoallelic PTVs in ALPK3 were also significantly enriched in Korean patients with HCMP with an odds ratio score of 10–21.

Conclusions

We suggest that ALPK3 PTV carriers be considered a risk group for developing HCMP and be monitored for cardiomyopathies.
Induction of P-glycoprotein overexpression in brain endothelial cells as a model to study blood-brain barrier efflux transport
Authors: Hathcock Sarah F. , Knight Hallie E. , Tong Emma G. , Meyer Alexandra E. , Mauser Henry D. , Vollmuth Nadine , Kim Brandon J.
Published: July 2024

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of specialized brain endothelial cells (BECs) that contribute to maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. BECs possess properties such as an array of multi-drug efflux transporters that eject various drugs and toxins, preventing their entry into the CNS. Together, it is estimated that these efflux transporters can eject up to 98% of known xenobiotic compounds. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a promiscuous efflux transporter at the BBB and can efflux up to 90 various substrates, representing a major hurdle in CNS drug delivery for therapeutic interventions. This necessitates the study of P-gp to discover drugs that are non-substrates of P-gp as well as to identify novel P-gp inhibitors. Here we report the generation of P-gp overexpressing BECs under the endogenous promoter control that could be used in the screening of P-gp substrates. These cells could provide utility in the design of drugs or identification of novel inhibitors.
Geochemical reactions initiated by subglacial abrasion of natural quartz and alkali feldspar
Authors: Gill-Olivas Beatriz , Telling Jon , Tranter Martyn
Published: July 2024

The role of subglacial abrasion in sustaining subglacial microbiomes is an area of growing interest. It is likely that subglacial abrasion produces a range of bio-utilisable compounds, some released from fluid inclusions in the confines of the mineral matrix and some produced via the surface free radicals that crushing produces in a variety of different minerals. As yet, the geochemical reactions which are initiated by abrasion remain poorly understood. This is largely because of the multiple potential sources and sinks of free radicals that occur in even the most simple of multi-mineralic system during crushing and subsequent wetting of the mixture. We illustrate this assertion by conducting a series of laboratory experiments where common, “simple” silicate minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, are abraded and incubated with ultra-pure water. Gaseous reaction products included CH4, H2 and CO2. The concentrations of major ions (including Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), dissolved silicate, dissolved iron and pH of the solution during incubation are reported. These results were used to calculate HCO3− in solution and the saturation index with respect to various minerals using PHREEQCi. We found that abrasion of silicates produces bio-available gases and has the potential to increase the concentration of various weathering products in solution. Further, we found that even trace amounts of carbonates, an impurity in many natural rocks and minerals, may significantly affect the reaction products, making it challenging to concretize the reactions taking place. These results highlight the importance of conducting abrasion experiments utilising natural samples to better understand how apparently negligeable changes in mineralogy might affect the reaction products of abrasion and crushing.
Diabetic microvascular complications and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Merid Fasika , Getahun Firdawek , Esubalew Habtamu , Gezahegn Tamirat
Published: July 2024

Background

Microvascular complications are long-term complications that affect small blood vessels, usually developed in diabetes, and are primary causes of end-stage renal disease, several painful neuropathies, and blindness. Thus, this study aimed to determine diabetic microvascular complications and factors associated with them among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 378 type 2 diabetes patients. The presence of at least one diabetic microvascular complications diagnosed by physicians and found on the record was considered to have microvascular complications. The data was collected by reviewing the medical records of T2DM patients who were on follow-up from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. The collected data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by Stata version 14. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify statistically significant risk factors for diabetic microvascular complications at p-value < 0.05.

Results

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications of 26.5% (95% CI: 22.0%, 30.9%). Diabetic neuropathy was the highest (13.2%), followed by diabetic nephropathy (12.4%), and diabetic retinopathy (6.4%). Increasing age, poor glycemic control, hypertension comorbidity, anemia, positive proteinuria, a longer duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia were significantly associated factors with diabetic microvascular complications.

Conclusion

Diabetic microvascular complications were highly prevalent. Therefore, the study suggests that interventional strategies should be taken for poor glycemic control, hypertension comorbidity, anemia, positive proteinuria, and hypercholesterolemia to control the development of diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Efficacy of electro-acupuncture on pregnancy outcomes for women undergoing in vitro fertilization: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Ji Ran , Li Chaoliang , Zhu Hao , Jiang Ziyi , Zhang Jingwen , Su Yang , Yu Siyi , Yu Zheng , Lv Xingyu , Liang Fanrong , Yang Jie
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a technology that assists couples experiencing infertility to conceive children. However, unsuccessful attempts can lead to significant physical and financial strain. Some individuals opt for electro-acupuncture (EA) during IVF, even though there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of this practice. Thus, this pilot study aims to explore the effectiveness and safety of EA during IVF on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods and analysis

This clinical trial is a parallel, randomized, sham-controlled study. It aims to include a total of 118 infertile women who intend to undergo IVF. The participants will be randomly divided into three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio: the EA + IVF group, the placebo electro-acupuncture (pEA) +IVF group, and the IVF control group. All of the patients will be required to use ovarian stimulation drugs, while those in the EA + IVF and pEA + IVF groups will receive acupuncture treatment at three sessions per week (every other day) until trigger day with a minimum five session. The primary outcome of this trial will focus on the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). CPR is defined as the rate of achieving clinical pregnancy from the first fresh/frozen embryo transfer cycle with an ultrasound-confirmed gestational sac in the uterine cavity. The secondary outcomes will assess embryology data, biochemical pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fertile Quality of Life (FertiQoL), patient retention rate, treatment adherence, and safety outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Sichuan Jinxin Xi’nan Women and Children Hospital (number 2021–007). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. The participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part in it.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300074455.
The diagnostic and prognostic role of miR-146b-5p in differentiated thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Ferraz Carolina , Cunha Gustavo Bittar , de Oliveira Mariana Mazeu Barbosa , Tenório Lucas Ribeiro , Cury Adriano Namo , Padovani Rosália do Prado , Ward Laura Sterian
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Samples classified as indeterminate correspond to 10-20% of cytologies obtained by fine needle biopsy of thyroid nodules, preventing an adequate distinction between benign and malignant lesions and leading to diagnostic thyroidectomies that often prove unnecessary, as most cases are benign. Furthermore, although the vast majority of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have such a good prognosis that active surveillance is permitted as an initial therapeutic option, relapses are not rare, and a non-negligible number of patients experience poor outcomes. MicroRNAs (miR) emerge as potential biomarkers capable of helping to define more precise management of patients in all these situations.

Methods

Aiming to investigate the clinical utility of miR-146b-5p in the diagnostic of thyroid nodules and evaluating its prognostic potential in a realworld setting, we studied 89 thyroid nodule samples, correlating miR-146b-5p expression with clinical tools such as the 8th edition from the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC/UICC) and the American Thyroid Association Guideline Stratification Systems for the rate of recurrence (RR).

Results

miR-146b-5p expression levels distinguished benign from malignant thyroid FNA samples (p< 0.0001). For indeterminate nodules, overexpression of miR-146b-5p with a cut-off of 0.497 was able to diagnose malignancy with a 90% accuracy; specificity=87.5%; sensitivity=100%. An increased expression of miR-146b-5p was associated with greater RR (p=0.015). A cut-off of 2.21 identified cases with more vascular involvement (p=0.013) and a cut-off of 2.420 was associated with a more advanced TNM stage (p-value=0.047).

Discussion

We demonstrated that miR-146b5p expression in FNA samples is able to differentiate benign from malignant indeterminate nodules and is associated with an increased risk of recurrence and mortality, suggesting that this single miRNA may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker in the personalized management of DTC patients.
The multimorbidity association of metabolic syndrome and depression on type 2 diabetes: a general population cohort study in Southwest China
Authors: Cai Yulan , Zhou Shiyu , Fan Shangheng , Yang Yan , Tian Kunming , Luo Lei , Deng Renli , Dai Xingyu , Wang Yiying , Zhu Minglan , Liu Tao
Published: July 2024

Background

Metabolic syndrome(MetS) and depression are independently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. However, little is known about the combined effect of MetS and depression on the risk of T2DM. The present study aims to prospectively explore the impact of MetS and depression on T2DM susceptibility among the Chinese general population.

Methods

6489 general population without T2DM adults in Southwest China were recruited from 2010 to 2012. Depression and MetS were prospectively assessed using a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9) and Guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China (2020 edition) (CDS2020) during 2016–2020, respectively. Modified Poisson regression models were conducted to estimate relative risk(RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for independent and combined associations of MetS and depression with an incidence of T2DM.

Results

During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, 678 cases of T2DM were documented. Individuals with MetS were 1.33 times more likely to develop T2DM than those without MetS. The corresponding RR(95%CI) for depression with no depression was 1.45(1.22–1.72). Notably, compared with no MetS or depression, the multivariate-adjusted RR for a combined effect of MetS and depression on the risk of T2DM was 2.11(1.39–3.22). Moreover, an increased risk of T2DM was more apparent in those ≥ 60 years, males, and overweight.

Conclusions

Individuals with multimorbidity of MetS and depression are at a higher risk of T2DM compared with those with no MetS or depression.
Metabolomic profile of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 not receiving dialysis
Authors: Gan Lingling , Wang Lijun , Li Wanyi , Zhang Yamei , Xu Bei
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Elucidating the metabolic characteristics of SHPT may provide a new theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment. This study aimed to perform a metabolomic analysis of SHPT in patients with CKD stages 3–5 not receiving dialysis.

Methods

A total of 76 patients with CKD, 85 patients with CKD-SHPT, and 67 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. CKD was diagnosed according to the criteria specified in the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 2012 guidelines. SHPT was diagnosed by experienced clinicians according to the Renal Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Clinical Practice Guidelines. Serum renal function markers and the lipid profile were analyzed. Untargeted ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the serum metabolites of patients with CKD and SHPT. Multivariate analysis of the data was performed using principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis. Serum differential metabolites were identified and further characterized using databases. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Correlations between differential metabolites and clinical parameters were determined using the Spearman correlation.

Results

The serum metabolomic profiles of patients with CKD with and without SHPT differed significantly. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the top four Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; sphingolipid metabolism; glycerophospholipid metabolism; and phenylalanine metabolism. In total, 31 differential metabolites were identified; of these, L-tryptophan and (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine were decreased, while other amino acids and their derivatives, uremia toxins, carnitine, and lipids, were increased significantly in patients with SHPT compared to those without. The 14 lipid metabolites were positively correlated with levels of Urea, serum creatinine, cystatin C, and triglycerides and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate and levels of total and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Discussion

Disturbed amino acid and lipid metabolism were more apparent in patients with SHPT than in those without. This metabolomic profile of SHPT may provide a therapeutic foundation for its future clinical management.
Analysis of Chinese investment in renewable energy generation in Brazil
Authors: Zeng Fenyu , Wu HongZhen
Published: July 2024

As a result of the “Belt and Road” and “Going Global” policies, a growing number of Chinese power companies are expanding overseas, implementing global development strategies, and making investments in the overseas power industry. Several countries are undergoing an energy transition because of the rapid development of the world economy. This is being done to address the climate change issues that are a result of the overuse of fossil fuels. Brazil is also accelerating its pace of power transformation in its position as a major power generating country in Latin America. In addition to being the largest economy in South America, Brazil is also the country in which China has made the most investments. Additionally, Brazil is increasing its development efforts in wind power, photovoltaics, and other renewable energy sources in response to a large demand for renewable energy sources. Brazil’s renewable energy sector offers a great deal of potential for investment based on solid foundations for cooperation between China and Brazil. The Grey Prediction Model was used for this research to forecast Brazil’s renewable energy generation installed capacity, and the results show a positive trend in Brazil’s renewable energy generation. There is a rapid growth in wind and photovoltaic power generation over the next 5 years, with growth rates reaching 50.39% and 182.99%, respectively, suggesting that there is potential for a broad range of development. Following this, the research applies factor analysis to assess investment risks associated with Brazil’s renewable energy sector from 2000 to 2020. Based on the results of the study, Chinese power companies investing in Brazil’s renewable energy sector face the greatest political risk, while other risks gradually decrease. To avoid political risks when investing, companies should place a high priority on preventing them.