bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solidifying Segregation or Promoting Diversity?
Authors: Siegel-Hawley Genevieve , Bridges Kimberly , Shields Thomas J.
Published: July 2016

Purpose: Layered with myriad considerations, school closure and rezoning processes in urban school systems are politically fraught with the potential for damaging consequences. This article explores the politics and impacts of a closure and rezoning process in Richmond, Virginia, through the lens of themes applicable to urban school systems and students across the nation. These include the intersection of closure and rezoning with growing White reinvestment in urban school systems, as well as the importance of focusing on diversity and equity during a time of intense pressure to close schools. Research Methods/Approach: Drawing on the case of Richmond, Virginia, we use an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design, employing qualitative methods to examine the political process of a 2013 school closure and elementary school rezoning effort and quantitative and spatial methods to examine its impact on racial composition and segregation in attendance zones and schools. Findings and Implications: We find that the political process of redrawing elementary school attendance boundaries in Richmond was associated with a dramatic increase in racial segregation between elementary attendance zones over a short period of time. Leadership changes and political considerations drove a rapid and antagonistic decision-making process that minimized broad-based public participation and privileged the voices of White families in a city school system that is less than 10% White. Despite a contentious and opaque decision-making process and starkly segregative impacts, community response and support for school diversity points to the potential for leveraging urban population shifts to increase rather than decrease diverse school settings.
“I padri della terra”. Perlustrazioni sulle fonti della poesia di Scotellaro
Authors: Imbriani Maria Teresa
Published: July 2016

In questo saggio si analizza la ricerca tematica e stilistica della poesia di Rocco Scotellaro, che, in tutta la sua opera recentemente sistemata, e fin dagli esordi, si dimostra autore perfettamente consapevole del rapporto tra tradizione e innovazione. A partire dalla traduzione/riscrittura di un’ode oraziana e dalle letture del liceale viene indagato il rapporto stilistico con diverse fonti antiche (Euripide, Virgilio, Orazio) e moderne (Leopardi, Carducci, Pascoli e d’Annunzio) al fine di rintracciare un possibile “sistema”. Il poeta utilizza innanzitutto la citazione lessicale come prestito spesso usato in diminutio, poi, acquisito l’universo di pensiero delle fonti di riferimento, adotta metodicamente il rovesciamento della tradizione attraverso una sorta di risposta a distanza dove la fonte entra di fatto come sottinteso significativo. Si tratta di una retorica alta e profondamente consapevole che introduce il nuovo sullo sfondo della tradizione attraverso l’ironia tragica: e infatti dalla tragedia antica e moderna derivano prestiti assai pregnanti. Nell’incontro tra elemento alto della tradizione ed elementi mitico-favolistici della cultura popolare, sia sul versante più prettamente retorico sia sul versante dei temi, si annida la vera novità della poesia scotellariana, una sorta di “reinvenzione” del classico destinata ad avere, sebbene silenziosamente, largo seguito nella post-modernità.
Examining Intraracial Dynamics and Engagement Between Native-Born and Foreign-Born Black Collegians in STEM
Authors: George Mwangi Chrystal A. , Fries-Britt Sharon , Peralta Alicia M. , Daoud Nina
Published: July 2016

For decades, higher education research has recognized the importance of cross-cultural interaction among students. However, this body of scholarship has largely examined this phenomenon across races, with few researchers examining within race interactions. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine how native-born and foreign-born Black students interact in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) classrooms. Findings reveal that there were both similarities and differences in how each group perceived each other, and that ultimately, cross-cultural engagement was beneficial for their academic development.
Mechanical properties and interfacial phenomena in aluminum reinforced with carbon nanotubes manufactured by the sandwich technique
Authors: Isaza M Cesar A , Ledezma Sillas JE , Meza JM , Herrera Ramírez JM
Published: July 2016

Recently, a new manufacturing process for the production of metallic matrix composite materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes, known as sandwich technique has been proposed. This technique produces a material comprised of a metallic matrix and a banded structures-layers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. However, among other issues, the matrix-reinforcement interface and the reinforcement dispersion degree are still open questions. The present study uses field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy to probe that the method is capable to achieve a good dispersion of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes with no evidence of carbon nanotubes’ damage. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile and nanoindentation tests; improvements in the elastic modulus, yield and ultimate strengths were found, with respect to the unreinforced material.
Effective transverse modulus of a damaged layer: Potential for predicting symmetric laminate stiffness degradation
Authors: Varna Janis , Loukil Mohamed Sahbi
Published: July 2016

The old concept of the effective stiffness of a 90-layer with intralaminar cracks is revisited performing 3-D FEM parametric analysis of symmetric and balanced laminates. It is shown, focusing on the effective transverse modulus, that the expected dependence of this property on composite elastic properties and laminate lay-up is very weak and follows very simple rules. Calculations show that the effective longitudinal modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the layer are not affected at all by intralaminar cracking. Simple fitting curve for effective transverse modulus change with normalized crack density is obtained from analysis of GF/EP cross-ply laminate. It is shown, comparing with FEM results and experimental data, that this expression can be used as a ‘master curve’ in laminate theory to predict macroscopic elastic property change with crack density in laminates with very different lay-ups and made of different unidirectional composites.
Clamp Effects in Fiber Testing
Authors: Phoenix S. Leigh , Sexsmith Robert G.
Published: July 2016

A probabilistic model for the tensile strength of brittle fibers is presented and related to present conventional testing The relationship of fiber flaw structure to the statistical strength is discussed The probabilistic effects of the clamp on fiber tensile testing at various gauge lengths are treated. Examples using Weibull flaw structure and simulated clamp conditions are provided to demonstrate the marked effects of the clamps on expected tensile test results at “short” gauge lengths. It is shown how the Weibull strength distribution can be modified to include clamp effects when used in conjunction with tensile test data. The effect of discarding the data from fibers that fail within the clamp is also examined. Suggestions for future testing are made.
High Strength Boron and Borsic® Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Composites
Authors: Prewo K. M. , Kreider K. G.
Published: July 2016

Aluminum alloy matrix composites reinforced with 5.6 mil boron and 5.7 mil BORSIC have been fabricated and tested in axial and transverse tendon. Tensile performance was determined as a function of matrix composition, volume fraction fiber, test temperature, and heat treatment. Matrices of 2024, 6061, 5052/5056 and 1100 aluminum have been used and it has been shown that transverse tensile properties are strongly dependent on matrix alloy composition, heat treatment, and composite fracture mode. Axial composite performance was also found to depend on matrix heat treatment, however, axial composite tensile strength is determined primarily by fiber volume fraction and fiber effective strength. The relationship between axial composite strength and fiber bundle strength has been examined.
Stress-Rupture of Simple S-Glass/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Chiao T. T. , Lepper J. K. , Hetherington N. W. , Moore R. L.
Published: July 2016

The stress-rupture of S-glass/epoxy composites has been studied. A 40 ksi increase in stress reduces the life of an S-glass/epoxy composite by a factor of 10. An empirical extrapolation of 15,000 hours of testing implies that S-glass/epoxy composites can sustain an equivalent fiber stress of 200 ksi for 10 years. The S-glass/epoxy stress-rupture distributions from over 1300 tests are described by an exponential model and are related to the applied stress by a power law in time.
Study on the filament motion and joint forming mechanism in the pneumatic yarn splicing process
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Shi Pengfei , Hu Xudong
Published: July 2016

Pneumatic yarn splicing is a complex process concerning the winding of multi-filaments in a spiral airflow field. In this study, the joint forming mechanism is revealed by experimental and numerical methods. The whole splicing process in a specific-design splicing device was captured by a high-speed camera. A renormalization-group k-[Formula: see text] turbulent model was also adopted to simulate the distribution of the airflow field in the mingling chamber. From experimental images and numerical results, the motion of the filament with one fixed-end and a joint forming mechanism was discussed in detail. It is found that different parts of a large aspect ratio filament present completely different behavior due to its flexibility. The free-end of the filament is wound around the opposite yarn under the impact of circumferential airflow. Meanwhile, the bending deformation occurs at the middle part of the filament owing to the strong impact of the injecting airflow, and then it is dragged toward the fixed-end of the filament by axial airflow to prevent the forming of a joint. It is believed that the initial overlapping length has a decisive role in the forming of the splice joint. A proper overlapping length is of benefit to achieve enough winding loops at the free-end of the filament to resist the dragging force exerted by axial airflow and obtain a successful splice subsequently. The splicing experiments with different overlapping length and inlet pressure were conducted to verify the correctness of this analysis.
The effect of seed cotton moisture during harvesting on: Part 2 yarn and fabric quality
Authors: van der Sluijs Marinus HJ , Delhom Chris
Published: July 2016

This study examined the fiber quality of saw ginned Upland cotton, harvested from one field using a John Deere (JD) 7760 at three moisture levels, <12%, >12% and 14%, and storing the harvested modules for 12 weeks prior to ginning. There was a significant difference between the three moisture levels for fiber color, with seed cotton harvested at >12% and 14% resulting in fiber that was yellower, with lower reflectance and a color grade of 52, as compared to a 51 grade for seed cotton harvested at <12% moisture. The seed cotton harvested at >12% and 14% contained more trash with a leaf grade of 3, compared to a leaf grade of 2 for the seed cotton harvested at <12%. There was no significant difference between the three moisture levels in terms of fiber length and strength, but fiber micronaire was higher for the seed cotton harvested at >12% and 14% moisture content. There was no significant difference between the moisture levels for total nep count, but the seed cotton harvested at >12% had larger neps and more seed coat neps than the seed cotton harvested at <12% and 14%. In the second part of this study the fiber was spun into fine count yarns on a miniature spinning system to assess the impact on textile processing in terms of yarn and fabric quality and processing performance. The study found that the card waste for the lower moisture content harvested fiber was less than the card waste for higher moisture content harvested fiber. In terms of yarn and fabric quality, the statistically significant differences observed in fiber quality did not translate into statistically significant differences in yarn or fabric quality at any moisture content level. Surprisingly, the statistically significant differences in fiber color did not affect the color and appearance of the knitted dyed fabrics.
The multi-model approach for fractional-order systems modelling
Authors: Talmoudi Samia , Lahmari Moufida
Published: July 2016

Currently, fractional-order systems are attracting the attention of many researchers because they present a better representation of many physical systems in several areas, compared with integer-order models. This article contains two main contributions. In the first one, we suggest a new approach to fractional-order systems modelling. This model is represented by an explicit transfer function based on the multi-model approach. In the second contribution, a new method of computation of the validity of library models, according to the frequency [Formula: see text], is exposed. Finally, a global model is obtained by fusion of library models weighted by their respective validities. Illustrative examples are presented to show the advantages and the quality of the proposed strategy.
On the effect of measurement errors in simultaneous monitoring of mean vector and covariance matrix of multivariate processes
Authors: Amiri Amirhossein , Ghashghaei Reza , Maleki Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we investigate the misleading effect of measurement errors on simultaneous monitoring of the multivariate process mean and variability. For this purpose, we incorporate the measurement errors into a hybrid method based on the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts. After that, we propose four remedial methods to decrease the effects of measurement errors on the performance of the monitoring procedure. The performance of the monitoring procedure as well as the proposed remedial methods is investigated through extensive simulation studies and a real data example.
Poverty and behavior problems during early childhood
Authors: Mazza Julia Rachel , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Booij Linda , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard , Lambert Jean , Zunzunegui Maria Victoria , Côté Sylvana
Published: July 2016

Poverty is a well-established risk factor for behavior problems, yet our understanding of putative family mediators during early childhood (i.e., before age 5 years) is limited. The present study investigated whether the association between poverty and behavior problems during early childhood is mediated simultaneously by perceived parenting, family dysfunction and/or maternal depression symptoms. Outcomes measures were high trajectories of physical aggression and hyperactivity between 1.5 and 5 years. Poverty was defined as living 2–4 years below the low-income thresholds defined by Statistics Canada. Using data from the first five rounds of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, logistic regressions models showed that poverty was associated with a higher likelihood of being assigned to the high trajectory of physical aggression and hyperactivity. Overprotection and maternal depression symptoms mediated observed associations. Interventions targeting maternal depression, parenting, and poverty should help reducing children’s risk for early behavior problems.
Translating Institutional Logics: When the Media Logic Meets Professions
Authors: Pallas Josef , Fredriksson Magnus , Wedlin Linda
Published: July 2016

This article presents results from a case study of media activities in a Swedish governmental agency where we illustrate a) how the media logic is translated and become embedded in the studied agency, and b) how different professional groups inside the organization shape the translation process. Theoretically we do this by re-visiting the notion of translation. Translation theory focuses on the local enactment and embeddedness of institutional models, ideals and practices. Institutional logics literature, on the other hand, focuses on the creation and flow of field-level meaning systems. By combining these two theoretical perspectives we are able to form a framework for understanding the local embeddedness and enactment of field-level institutional logics. The result of our study suggests that institutional logics – once they become introduced in a given context – consist of four elements that are interpreted and enacted differently inside organizations. We identify three local, profession-based value systems that shape the translation of the media logics, and we use this finding to theorize the role of professional value systems in shaping local translation processes.
Identifying the Structure and Effect of Drinking-Related Self-Schemas
Authors: Domenico Lisa H. , Strobbe Stephen , Stein Karen Farchaus , Giordani Bruno J. , Hagerty Bonnie M. , Pressler Susan J.
Published: July 2016

Self-schemas have received increased attention as favorable targets for therapeutic intervention because of their central role in self-perception and behavior. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify, evaluate, and synthesize existing research pertaining to drinking-related self-schemas. Russell’s integrative review strategy guided the search. Sixteen published works were identified, meeting criteria for evaluation ( n = 12 data-based publications and n = 4 models). The retrieved data-based publications rated fair-good using Polit and Beck’s criteria; the overall body of literature rated “B” using Grimes and Schulz criteria. Retrieved models rated 4 to 7 using Fitzpatrick and Whall’s criteria. The existing literature strongly supports the availability of a drinking-related self-schema among moderate-to-heavy drinking samples, and suggests a positive relationship between elaboration and drinking behavior. The relationship between valenced content of the schema and drinking behavior remains unexplored. Identifying variation in the structural properties of drinking-related self-schemas could lay the foundation for future interventions.
An Intervention to Enhance Psychological Capital and Health Outcomes in Homeless Female Youths
Authors: Rew Lynn , Powell Tara , Brown Adama , Becker Heather , Slesnick Natasha
Published: July 2016

Female homeless youths are vulnerable to risky sex and substance use behaviors, yet they have strengths known as psychological capital. A quasi-experimental pre-post research design with repeated measures was used to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a brief intervention to enhance psychological capital, reduce health-risk behaviors, and achieve short-term behavioral goals. Study participants were 80 ethnically diverse homeless women between the ages of 18 and 23 years. Intervention participants had significant improvements in psychological capital, hope, resilience, and self-efficacy to refuse alcohol, social connectedness, and substance use ( p < .05). There was a significant group by time interaction for safe sex self-efficacy; intervention participants had greater self-confidence in negotiating safer sex practices than comparison participants. At the follow-up post-test, 82% of intervention participants who remained in the study had met or exceeded their short-term goals. This brief, street-based intervention was feasible and showed preliminary efficacy.
Optimization of a modification technique for reducing irreversible adsorption within synthetic resins
Authors: Kinoshita Tomohiro , Fan Huan-Jung , Kawakita Takashi , Furuya Eiji
Published: July 2016

Synthetic resin adsorbents comprise agglomerated gel-type microparticles. Although the excellent adsorption capacities of resins are useful in adsorbing various organic substances, the adsorbed molecules cannot be completely desorbed. A majority of the irreversible adsorbed molecules can be attributed to slow mass transfer within microparticles of resins and it may lower the recovery efficiency of resins. This study focuses on reducing the irreversible adsorption that occurs within a resin (FPX-66) to improve the overall recovery efficiency of the adsorbate. In order to reduce the irreversible adsorption capacity of the resin, styrene monomer was polymerized in microparticles of the resin. Effects of polymerized styrene concentrations and multi-cycle polymerization on irreversible adsorption capacity of the resin were investigated. The experimental results indicated that using one cycle of polymerization with 30–40 vol% of styrene solution is the most effective modification process. The irreversible adsorption capacity could be lowered by half with the above process.
Drawing like a state: Maps, modernity and warfare in the art of Gert Jan Kocken
Authors: Ferdinand Simon
Published: July 2016

This article attends to the work of Dutch artist Gert Jan Kocken, one of the foremost arts practitioners to have drawn on geographical mapping for formal and thematic substance in recent years. Discussion focuses on his series the Depictions, in which found maps, made in pursuit of conflicting ideologies during the Second World War, are combined digitally into composite representations of cities such as Amsterdam, Berlin and Rome. Layering together hundreds of different cartographies, the artworks provide a concentrated exploration of the connections between maps, states and warfare. To grasp these connections, I read the Depictions in conjunction with Zygmunt Bauman’s conception of the modern state as a ‘gardener’ of society and space. In doing so, I highlight Kocken’s vivid demonstrations of not only the transformative potential released in state military mapping but also unevennesses and dialogic complexities with which even apparently totalising state gardening projects are fraught. My study of the Depictions builds an image of modernity as a contested garden; the article concludes by suggesting the commensurability of this vision with the social present.
Dependency, (non)liability and austerity news frames of bailout Greece
Authors: Doudaki Vaia , Boubouka Angeliki , Spyridou Lia-Paschalia , Tzalavras Christos
Published: July 2016

Instructed theoretically by the critical discussion on the media’s alignment with the institutions of power in societies, this study examines how the Greek legacy press framed the discussion over the crisis, by focusing on the bailout agreements Greece signed with the troika during the period 2010–2012. The analysis, following a three-step process in frames’ detection, focuses on the associations of actors and their responsibility, causes, solutions and effects of the crisis and the bailouts, as appearing in the news texts studied, and reveals a de-contexualised neoliberal discourse articulated through three distinct frames: the dependency, the (non)liability and the austerity frame. The representations of the financial crisis in the newspapers studied largely echo the neoliberal voices and strengthen the hegemonic discourse over the necessity and inescapability of the bailout policies, feeding the ‘masterframe’ of the neoliberal vision of the crisis.
Measuring the quality of life of people at the end of life: The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised
Authors: Cohen S Robin , Sawatzky Richard , Russell Lara B , Shahidi Javad , Heyland Daren K , Gadermann Anne M
Published: July 2016

Background:

The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire has been widely used with people with life-threatening illnesses without modification since its publication in 1996. With use, areas for improvement have emerged; therefore, various minor modifications were tested over time.

Aim:

To revise the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised) while maintaining or improving its psychometric properties and length, keeping it as close as possible to the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire to enable reasonable comparison with existing McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire literature.

Design:

Data sets from eight studies were used (four studies originally used to develop the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, two to develop new McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire versions, and two with unrelated purposes). The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised was developed using analyses of measurement invariance, confirmatory factor analysis, and calculation of correlations with the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire’s global quality of life item.

Setting/Participants:

Data were from 1702 people with life-threatening illnesses recruited from acute and palliative care units, palliative home care services, and oncology and HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics.

Results:

The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised consists of 14 items (plus the global quality of life item). A new Physical subscale was created combining physical symptoms and physical well-being and a new item on physical functioning. The Existential subscale was reduced to four items. The revised Support subscale, renamed Social, focuses more on relationships. The Psychological subscale remains unchanged. Confirmatory factor analysis results provide support for the measurement structure of the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised. The overall scale has good internal consistency reliability ( α = 0.94).

Conclusion:

The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire–Revised improves on and can replace the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire since it contains improved wording, a somewhat expanded repertoire of concepts with fewer items, and a single subscale for the physical domain, while retaining good psychometric properties.
The Enjoyment of Social Q&A Websites Usage
Authors: Ji Qihao , Cui Di
Published: July 2016

Drawing on recent developments in media entertainment research, this study examined the relationship between social question and answer (Q&A) websites use and users’ perceived enjoyment with the goal of expanding the line of research on the enjoyment of new and interactive forms of media entertainment. Special attention was paid to meaningfulness, self-presentation, and social presence, which were introduced as mediators. An online survey of users of a social Q&A website was carried out ( N = 150). Results indicated an indirect effect of social Q&A websites usage on enjoyment through users’ meaningfulness, self-presentation success, and social presence. Theoretical implications and further directions were discussed in detail.
Psychological Need Satisfaction and Achievement Goals: Exploring Indirect Effects of Academic and Social Adaptation Following the Transition to Secondary School
Authors: Duchesne Stéphane , Ratelle Catherine F. , Feng Bei
Published: July 2016

There is abundant evidence to suggest that students’ achievement goals (AGs) predict their motivation and performance. While it has been proposed that psychological need satisfaction (PNS) may affect AG, empirical support remains limited during the transition to secondary school. This prospective study addresses this gap by examining the link between students’ PNS and AGs through their academic and social adaptation during this transition. A large stratified sample of 626 students completed a series of measures before and after the transition to secondary school. The results revealed that satisfaction of students’ needs for autonomy and competence predicted the adoption of mastery goals through their academic adaptation. The satisfaction of needs for autonomy and relatedness also predicted lower adoption of performance-avoidance goals via their social adaptation. These findings highlight the importance of PNS in shaping adaptation and AG during the transition to secondary school. Practical implications for parents and teachers are discussed.
Passivity-based whole-body balancing for torque-controlled humanoid robots in multi-contact scenarios
Authors: Henze Bernd , Roa Máximo A. , Ott Christian
Published: July 2016

This work presents a new control approach to multi-contact balancing for torque-controlled humanoid robots. The controller includes a non-strict task hierarchy, which allows the robot to use a subset of its end effectors for balancing while the remaining ones can be used for interacting with the environment. The controller creates a passive and compliant behavior for regulating the center of mass (CoM) location, hip orientation and the poses of each end effector assigned to the interaction task. This is achieved by applying a suitable wrench (force and torque) at each one of the end effectors used for interaction. The contact wrenches at the balancing end effectors are chosen such that the sum of the balancing and interaction wrenches produce the desired wrench at the CoM. The algorithm requires the solution of an optimization problem, which distributes the CoM wrench to the end effectors taking into account constraints for unilaterality, friction and position of the center of pressure. Furthermore, the feedback controller is combined with a feedforward control in order to improve performance while tracking a predefined trajectory, leading to a control structure similar to a PD+ control. The controller is evaluated in several experiments with the humanoid robot TORO.
Is There a Difference in Graft Motion for Bone-Tendon-Bone and Hamstring Autograft ACL Reconstruction at 6 Weeks and 1 Year?
Authors: Irvine James N. , Arner Justin W. , Thorhauer Eric , Abebe Ermias S. , D’Auria Jennifer , Schreiber Verena M. , Harner Christopher D. , Tashman Scott
Published: July 2016

Background:

Bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) grafts are generally believed to heal more quickly than soft tissue grafts after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but little is known about the time course of healing or motion of the grafts within the bone tunnels.

Hypothesis:

Graft-tunnel motion will be greater in hamstring (HS) grafts compared with BTB grafts and will be less at 1 year than at 6 weeks.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Twelve patients underwent anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using HS or BTB autografts (6 per group) with six 0.8-mm tantalum beads embedded in each graft. Dynamic stereo x-ray images were collected at 6 weeks and 1 year during treadmill walking and stair descent and at 1 year during treadmill running. Tibiofemoral kinematics and bead positions were evaluated. Graft-tunnel motion was based on bead range of motion during the loading response phase (first 10%) of the gait cycle.

Results:

During treadmill walking, there was no difference in femoral tunnel or tibial tunnel motion between BTB or HS grafts at 6 weeks (BTB vs HS: 2.00 ± 1.05 vs 1.25 ± 0.67 mm [femoral tunnel]; 1.20 ± 0.63 vs 1.27 ± 0.71 mm [tibial tunnel]), or 1 year (BTB vs HS: 1.62 ± 0.76 vs 1.08 ± 0.26 mm [femoral tunnel]; 1.58 ± 0.75 vs 1.68 ± 0.53 mm [tibial tunnel]). During stair descent, there was no difference in femoral or tibial tunnel motion between BTB and HS grafts at 6 weeks or 1 year. With running, there was no difference between graft types at 1 year. For all results, P values were > .05. Knee kinematics were consistent with the literature.

Conclusion:

During walking and stair descent, ACL reconstruction using suspensory fixation yielded no difference between graft types in femoral or tibial tunnel motion at 6 weeks or 1 year. All subjects were asymptomatic with knee kinematics similar to that of the literature. The significance of persistent, small (1 to 3 mm) movements at 1 year for healing or graft performance is unknown.

Clinical Relevance:

These study results may have significant implications for graft choice, rehabilitation strategies, and timing for return to sports.
(De)constructions of Discourse in Group Analytic Perspectives of Homosexuality
Authors: Anderson Daniel
Published: July 2016

Group analysis as a discourse of knowledge has much to offer how we construct homosexuality. Yet despite this rich background, group analysis has been slow to construct a clear theory of psychosexuality, and specifically homosexuality. The aim of this article therefore is to consolidate and expand current conceptions of sexuality, through an exploration of homosexuality within group analytic theory using ideas such as discourse analysis, desire, jouissance, the Other and the role of language in the matrix of the group. The article proposes a number of urgent research questions for group analysts around experiences of differing sexualities in a therapeutic group.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System (OXPHOS) Deficits in Schizophrenia
Authors: Bergman Oded , Ben-Shachar Dorit
Published: July 2016

Mitochondria are key players in the generation and regulation of cellular bioenergetics, producing the majority of adenosine triphosphate molecules by the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Linked to numerous signaling pathways and cellular functions, mitochondria, and OXPHOS in particular, are involved in neuronal development, connectivity, plasticity, and differentiation. Impairments in a variety of mitochondrial functions have been described in different general and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), a severe, chronic, debilitating illness that heavily affects the lives of patients and their families. This article reviews findings emphasizing the role of OXPHOS in the pathophysiology of SCZ. Evidence accumulated during the past few decades from imaging, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies points at OXPHOS deficit involvement in SCZ. Abnormalities have been reported in high-energy phosphates generated by the OXPHOS, in the activity of its complexes and gene expression, primarily of complex I (CoI). In addition, cellular signaling such as cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca+2, neuronal development, connectivity, and plasticity have been linked to OXPHOS function and are reported to be impaired in SCZ. Finally, CoI has been shown as a site of interaction for both dopamine (DA) and antipsychotic drugs, further substantiating its role in the pathology of SCZ. Understanding the role of mitochondria and the OXPHOS in particular may encourage new insights into the pathophysiology and etiology of this debilitating disorder.
Revisiting the Relations Between the WJ-IV Measures of Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Cognitive Abilities and Reading Achievement During the School-Age Years
Authors: Cormier Damien C. , McGrew Kevin S. , Bulut Okan , Funamoto Allyson
Published: July 2016

This study examined associations between broad cognitive abilities (Fluid Reasoning [Gf], Short-Term Working Memory [Gwm], Long-Term Storage and Retrieval [Glr], Processing Speed [Gs], Comprehension-Knowledge [Gc], Visual Processing [Gv], and Auditory Processing [Ga]) and reading achievement (Basic Reading Skills, Reading Rate, Reading Fluency, and Reading Comprehension) in a nationally representative school-age sample. Findings indicate that some cognitive abilities were stronger predictors of reading achievement than previously found (e.g., Gf, Ga, and Gs). Most notably, the Woodcock-Johnson–IV Gf cluster was found to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of reading achievement. A secondary analysis suggests that this effect was likely due to the new Number Series test. The results of the study suggest revisions to previous conceptualizations of the associations between the broad Cattell-Horn-Carroll abilities and areas of reading achievement.
Older Sibling Support of Younger Siblings’ Socio-Emotional Development
Authors: Palacios Natalia , Kibler Amanda K. , Yoder Michelle , Baird Ashley Simpson , Bergey Rebecca
Published: July 2016

Siblings play a critical role in the socialization experiences of their younger siblings. Societal values, standards, and customs are transmitted and created through the process of modeling and the construction of shared meaning. It follows, therefore, that the process of socialization may be culturally dependent. Using multiple case studies of five sibling dyads, we aim to examine the process of initiation and co-construction of second-generation Spanish-speaking children while engaged in free play activities. Examination of fieldnotes, videotapes, and transcriptions suggests that younger siblings initiated more interactions than their older siblings. However, older sibling initiations were more likely to lead to co-construction. Moreover, when younger sibling initiations were successful, this process of co-construction appears to be contingent on the support provided by their more skilled older siblings. We suggest that by serving as models, older siblings are fulfilling their familial responsibility and preparing their younger siblings for school-based social interactions.
Experiencing External Workplace Violence: Differences in Indicators Between Three Types of Emergency Responders
Authors: van Reemst Lisa , Fischer Tamar F. C.
Published: July 2016

Police officers, firefighters, and emergency medical workers are at a relatively high risk of experiencing external workplace violence (EWPV), that is, violence initiated by people outside the organization. Based on criminal opportunities theories, the aim of this research was to study to what extent socio-demographic and work characteristics are related to experiencing EWPV. In addition, the aim was to explore how these relations differ between the three types of emergency responders. Data from a workplace violence survey of the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands was used, from which emergency medical workers ( n = 264), firefighters ( n = 255), and police officers ( n = 296) were selected. Results indicated that police officers experienced most and firefighters experienced least EWPV. Younger professionals and professionals who have more frequent and risky contact experienced more EWPV. The expectations that males and those with less skills or experience to avoid EWPV experience more EWPV were not convincingly supported. The relationships between characteristics and EWPV, and the explanatory power of the models, differed between types of emergency responders. The studied characteristics best explained variations in EWPV of police officers, and therefore prevention of EWPV by addressing these characteristics will be most successful for police officers. The prediction of EWPV should be improved, for example, by studying the relationship with “attractiveness” or “vulnerability” of the possible victim, such as psychological characteristics of professionals. The study showed that research about indicators and prevention of EWPV should be aimed at separate professions.
Global learning and the school curriculum
Authors: Bourn Douglas
Published: July 2016

The global society of today is one that children and young people are aware of but this has not been fully recognised by education policy-makers despite the efforts and activities of many civil society organisations and the enthusiasm of teachers. Since 2010 in England, a government-sponsored programme, the Global Learning Programme, has been a conscious attempt to equip children and young people with the knowledge and skills to not only understand but actively engage with global issues. This programme is beginning to show the value of a ‘whole school’ approach in terms of increasing not only knowledge and understanding about the wider world but putting themes such as social justice and concern for the environment as key themes of a child’s learning.
An integrated leadership model for leading education for sustainability in higher education and the vital role of students as change agents
Authors: Warwick Paul
Published: July 2016

This paper explores the leadership of education for sustainability (EfS) in higher education, focusing specifically on the key role students can play as internal catalysts for change. It presents a case study of Plymouth University, a higher education institution with an international reputation for EfS leadership. The paper outlines the importance of seeking cultural transformation in the leadership of sustainability, highlighting the benefits of an integrated approach that encompasses teaching and learning, research, and campus and operations. This manifold and coordinated approach requires top-down strategic support in order for EfS to take root and gather momentum. However, in this paper it is argued that the bottom up empowerment of ‘students as change agents’ is just as important. Reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of a number of student leadership initiatives at Plymouth University, this paper argues that EfS reform in HE has significant implications for staff training and the design of participatory learning spaces in order for students to have their voices heard and to be partnered with as leaders.
Five ways the sustainable development goals are better than the millennium development goals and why every educationalist should care
Authors: Caprani Lily
Published: July 2016

For 15 years the millennium development goals (MDGs) were a guiding force for many issues affecting the lives of children and young people around the world. Agreed by UN member states in 2001, the eight MDGs were designed as a framework around which states were expected to develop policy priorities and shape their overseas aid spending plans. The goals provided a focus for donors, international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) around an overarching ambition to reduce global poverty and its worst effects. Over this time, through a combination of economic growth, more targeted development spending, technical progress and improved cooperation, life certainly has improved for millions of children. Tremendous progress has been made in reducing preventable child deaths, getting more girls and boys into school, reducing extreme poverty and ensuring more people have access to safe water and nutritious food.

However, although astonishing improvements have been made on many ‘averages’ across the goals, progress has been extremely uneven. Once you begin to disaggregate the data and break down those averages it soon becomes clear that there are still thousands who have been left behind. Too many children and young people – especially the very poorest, the most marginalized and those in most danger – did not escape poverty, get a quality education or receive protection from violence.
The role of localism in the development of regional structures in post-war Finland
Authors: Anttiroiko Ari-Veikko , Valkama Pekka
Published: July 2016

A perceived need for a wider resource base for territorial governance has initiated a new trend for regionalisation throughout the developed world. Local governments are frequently opposed to such a development. This article presents an institutional analysis of how Finland’s tradition of strong localism has affected the forms, processes, and results of regionalisation. We argue that path dependence in the form of localist influence from the mid-1990s until the mid-2010s led to an incremental development of regional structures. However, circumstances changed in 2015 due to a historical decision by the centre-right government to establish a new tier of elected regional government. This was due to the diminished credibility of localism given the realities of contextual pressures and the government’s attempts to improve efficiency and competitiveness. Eventually, this turn will radically undermine the role of local government as a stronghold of representative localism.
In-situ polymerization and multifunctional properties of surface-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced polyimide nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Xu Jianping , Yang Junxin , Qian Yong , Liu Hesheng
Published: July 2016

In this study, strong multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)–polyimide (PI) matrix interfaces were designed and constructed to obtain high-performance nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization. MWNTs with reactive amino groups were produced by the covalent linking of phenylenediamine to the surface of MWNTs by amide bonds; this material exhibited excellent dispersibility and compatibility with the PI matrix. The incorporation of amine-functionalized MWNT (MWNT-NH2) significantly improved the macroscopic properties of the PI-based nanocomposites. A 50.5% increase in the tensile strength and an 83.1% increase in the Young’s modulus were achieved by 3.0 wt% MWNT-NH2 loading. Furthermore, the storage modulus, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite clearly increased by adding MWNT-NH2. The success of this method provides a good rational for developing high-performance polymer-based nanocomposites.
Effects of grafting low-generation poly(amido amine) onto carbon fiber surface by in situ polymerization on the mechanical properties of fiber composites
Authors: Gao Bo , Du Wentao , Ma Qinghai , Zhang Ruliang , Wang Chengguo , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2016

Low-generation poly(amido amine) (PAMAM)-grafted carbon fibers (CFs) emerged as a new reinforcement for improving the mechanical properties of fiber composites. In this work, hybrid reinforcement, which could greatly enhance the surface roughness and wettability of CF, was prepared via growing PAMAM onto fiber surface by in situ polymerization.The modified surface morphology and chemical composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic contact angle analysis test, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Experimental results indicated PAMAM dendrimers grown on the CF significantly enhanced interfacial properties of the resulting composites. In addition, compared with the desized CF composites, the CF grafted with PAMAM composites exhibited 34.65% enhancement in the interfacial shear strength.
The multidirectional memory of Charlie Hebdo
Authors: Hollis-Touré Isabel
Published: July 2016

This article will discuss notions and concepts of remembering in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo attacks. Much has been written about the immediate response to the attacks, both commending the collective spirit of unity that defined the ‘marche républicaine’ of 11 January 2015, and criticising the alleged hypocrisy and cynicism of, most notably, the political figures that took to the streets that day, hand in hand. I will consider a selection of the memory practices that have emerged since then, notably on the anniversary of the event. This demonstration of memory provides key insights into the form and manner of remembering within a particular cultural group, but also reflects how the present moment is integral to our understanding of memory. The purpose of this article is to consider how official and non-official remembering of Charlie Hebdo can intertwine as well as pull in separate directions. A focus on the politics, the language, the aesthetics and the geography of commemorative activities in this article will enable an appreciation of the multidirectional character of remembering Charlie Hebdo.
Introduction: Risk assessing Charlie Hebdo
Authors: Hollis-Touré Isabel
Published: July 2016

This introduction discusses the current situation in France in the light of the attacks on Charlie Hebdo and the Hypercacher supermarket in January 2015. I demonstrate how the attacks have reinforced tensions relating to the implementation of laïcité and the respect for diverse religious value systems. The papers in this special issue are taken from a conference on contemporary citizenship after Charlie Hebdo, which was initially cancelled due to concerns about security, and then reinstated. This introduction goes on to consider the why and wherefore of the conference cancellation, asking what this shows us about current attitudes towards terrorism, and how we should respond.