bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTITY, CULTURE, AND SECURITY: HUNGARY'S DIFFERING POSITIONS ON MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM REFUGEES IN THE 2015 AND 2022 EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS
Authors:   Universitas Mataram, Trisonia Lina , Nisfa Makhroja Mega , Mahmuluddin Mahmuluddin ,   Universitas Mataram,   Universitas Mataram
Published: June 2024

The European refugee problem has attracted global attention, especially amid the influxes of people in 2015 and 2022. Hungary, being a member state of the European Union, shown divergent stances towards refugees originating from the Middle East and Ukraine. The purpose of this essay is to examine Hungary's unique position regarding refugees, both Muslim and non-Muslim, during times of crisis, and to clarify the underlying causes behind these positions. This analysis examines how Hungary's attitude to refugees was influenced by cultural identity and national security, using the constructivism theory proposed by Peter J. Katzenstein and the notion of Migration and Security. Research findings suggest that Hungary's position towards Muslim migrants was greatly influenced by unfavourable stigmas connected with Islam and worries regarding national security. Additionally, these beliefs were additionally shaped by the political dynamics and domestic policies of Hungary. This study provides deep insights into the interrelation of identity, culture, and national security in influencing a nation's approach to refugees.
Revitalisasi permainan tradisional sebagai pengembangan Desa Wisata Muncar
Authors: Rahesti Nonik , Pamungkas Hernandiaz Putra Sri , Irawan Fajar Awang , Bagas Muhammad Khoirudin
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara mahasiswa Unnes Giat 6 dalam merevitalisasi permainan tradisional yang ada di Desa Muncar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, menggunakan data yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Responden dalam penelitian ini yaitu perangkat desa dan masyarakat Desa Muncar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mahsiswa KKN Unnes Giat 6 memilih dalam merevitalisasi permainan tradisional dengan memberikan peralatan tradisional yang dibuat sendiri bersama bantuan masyarakat Desa Muncar. Simpulan dan saran dalam penelitian ini yaitu penyediaan media permainan tradisional yang dilakukan dalam hal revitalisasi dikatakan berhasil di beberapa dusun di Desa Muncar. Dengan ragam permainan tradisional yang disediakan dengan tujuan dapat melestarikan budaya permainan tradisional di Desa Muncar dapat diterima dengan baik oleh masyarakat khususnya anak-anak Desa Muncar. Dukungan Pemerintah Desa sangat diperlukan untuk pelestarian dan perkembanga dalam menggerakkan masyarakat untuk terus melestarikan budaya permainan tradisional Revitalization of games traditional games as a development of Muncar Tourism VillageThis study aims to find out how Unnes Giat 6 students revitalize traditional games in Muncar Village. This study used qualitative methods, using data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Respondents in this study were village officials and the people of Muncar Village. The results showed that KKN Unnes Giat 6 students chose to revitalize traditional games by providing traditional equipment made by themselves with the help of the Muncar Village community. The conclusions and suggestions in this study are that the provision of traditional game media carried out in terms of revitalization is said to be successful in several hamlets in Muncar Village. With a variety of traditional games provided with the aim of preserving the culture of traditional games in Muncar Village, it can be well received by the community, especially the children of Muncar Village. Village Government support is needed for preservation and development in mobilizing the community to continue to preserve the culture of traditional games.
Contextual Acceptance of COVID-19 Mitigation Mobile Apps in the United States: Mixed Methods Survey Study on Postpandemic Data Privacy
Authors: Feng Yuanyuan , Stenger Brad , Zhang Shikun
Published: June 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic gave rise to countless user-facing mobile apps to help fight the pandemic (“COVID-19 mitigation apps”). These apps have been at the center of data privacy discussions because they collect, use, and even retain sensitive personal data from their users (eg, medical records and location data). The US government ended its COVID-19 emergency declaration in May 2023, marking a unique time to comprehensively investigate how data privacy impacted people’s acceptance of various COVID-19 mitigation apps deployed throughout the pandemic.

Objective

This research aims to provide insights into health data privacy regarding COVID-19 mitigation apps and policy recommendations for future deployment of public health mobile apps through the lens of data privacy. This research explores people’s contextual acceptance of different types of COVID-19 mitigation apps by applying the privacy framework of contextual integrity. Specifically, this research seeks to identify the factors that impact people’s acceptance of data sharing and data retention practices in various social contexts.

Methods

A mixed methods web-based survey study was conducted by recruiting a simple US representative sample (N=674) on Prolific in February 2023. The survey includes a total of 60 vignette scenarios representing realistic social contexts that COVID-19 mitigation apps could be used. Each survey respondent answered questions about their acceptance of 10 randomly selected scenarios. Three contextual integrity parameters (attribute, recipient, and transmission principle) and respondents’ basic demographics are controlled as independent variables. Regression analysis was performed to determine the factors impacting people’s acceptance of initial data sharing and data retention practices via these apps. Qualitative data from the survey were analyzed to support the statistical results.

Results

Many contextual integrity parameter values, pairwise combinations of contextual integrity parameter values, and some demographic features of respondents have a significant impact on their acceptance of using COVID-19 mitigation apps in various social contexts. Respondents’ acceptance of data retention practices diverged from their acceptance of initial data sharing practices in some scenarios.

Conclusions

This study showed that people’s acceptance of using various COVID-19 mitigation apps depends on specific social contexts, including the type of data (attribute), the recipients of the data (recipient), and the purpose of data use (transmission principle). Such acceptance may differ between the initial data sharing and data retention practices, even in the same context. Study findings generated rich implications for future pandemic mitigation apps and the broader public health mobile apps regarding data privacy and deployment considerations.
Bioactivity and Metabolites Compounds of Medicinal Plants Endophytic Fungi in Indonesia
Authors: Sukmawaty Eka , Karim Abdul , Dwyana Zarsawaty , Natsir Hasnah , Karim Harningsih , Ahmad Ahyar
Published: June 2024

Indonesia is rich in diversity of medicinal plants, vital in traditional medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. However, overharvesting, along with population growth, land use changes, deforestation, and climate change, endanger these plants. This review investigates the potential of endophytic endosymbiont as an alternative. These endosymbionts can synthesise bioactive compounds similar to those found in medicinal plants.  This study compiled data from various sources on endophytic fungi and their bioactivity. The review aims to categorise Indonesian medicinal plants, to identify their associated endophytic fungi from different plant parts, and to assess their bioactivity. The results revealed numerous medicinal plant families and a variety of endophytic fungi isolated from fruits, leaves, twigs, bark, roots, and rhizomes. These fungi exhibited bioactivities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial effects, with metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, peptides, phenols, polyketides, quinones, steroids, and terpenoids. Fusarium and Colletotrichum were the most common endophytic fungi found. Notably, the biological activity was consistent among endophytic fungi from various host organs, but variations were observed according to the host's geographical origin. This suggests that Indonesia's diverse geography influences metabolite production and activity. However, the same host plant may harbour different species in distinct organs. These findings indicate that endophytic fungi within medicinal plants represent a promising source of bioactive compounds for future Indonesian medicine production. Future research should explore metabolite compounds and bioactivity across different geographical regions.
Species Composition and Inshore Migration of the Tropical Glass Eels (Anguilla spp.) Recruiting to the Jali River, Purworejo Regency
Authors: Indrawati Ayuningtyas , Ibrahim Putri Sapira , Yalindua Fione Yukita , Kurniawan Wanwan , Aisyah Siti , Anggoro Sutrisno , Saputra Suradi Wijaya
Published: June 2024

Purworejo Regency is located in the south coast of Java where rivers flow into the Indian Ocean. The Jali River in Purworejo becomes a migration route for eels where juvenile eels (glass eels) move from the ocean to freshwater passing through the estuary. During migration, glass eels will make efforts to survive, one of which is to manage their osmotic pressure (osmolarity). With regards to those, a study on the upstream migration of glass eels in Jali River was carried out. Glass eels samplings were conducted using hand-held lift nets at the new moon phase, from 20:00 pm to 4:00 am. Sampling stations included the estuary, a branch river, and below the dam. The osmolarity of both glass eels and media (river water) were measured. Furthermore, the chemical and physical parameters of the waters as the natural habitat for glass eels were also measured. Glass eel samples were then identified to species level. The results showed that glass eels entering the Jali River consisted of Anguilla bicolor bicolor and Anguilla nebulosa nebulosa with the former being the most common. Total length of glass eels ranged between 44.10 to 69.70 mm with total weights 0.08 to 0.54 g. Glass eel migration has a close relation with surface current and tide. The osmotic work level (OWL) of glass eels approaches 0.34 mOsm/l H2O which is close to iso-osmotic. This happened at salinity 0 o/oo so that the glass eels migrate to fresh water which has a lower salinity to achieve iso-osmotic condition.
Seed Conservation of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae) Through Storage Behaviour and Morphology
Authors: Lestari Dewi Ayu , Faya Ananda Kautsar Nadia
Published: June 2024

Fruits and seeds morphological traits and seed storage behaviour of Anaxagorea luzonensis are important for seed and plant conservation. Fruits and seeds characterization using a digital microscope and morphometry method. Seed storage behaviour was determined using 100-seed test method. The findings revealed that the colour of A. luzonensis fruit did not change and A. luzonensis seed was glossy, brittle, black in colour, 9.05 x 5.89 x 2.93 mm sized and oval. The seeds are desiccation-tolerant and are categorized as orthodox seeds. These results can become the findings of A. luzonensis seed storage behaviour, because information about it never existed before. Knowing the seed storage behaviour and seed morphology of A. luzonensis is essential so that the recommendation of conservation efforts at PBG in the future are covering the fruit, modifying the environment, breaking dormant seeds, vegetative propagation, and preserving seeds.
Evaluation of Temperature Stress Under Different Hydroponic Systems on Growth and Saponin Content of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. Cuttings
Authors: Yachya Arif , Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Manuhara Yosephine Sri Wulan
Published: June 2024

Increases in the temperature of nutrient solutions have restricted the use of hydroponic cultivation in the tropics, predominantly due to plant stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature stress under different hydroponic systems on the growth and saponin content of Talinum paniculatum cuttings. Three hydroponic systems, i.e., deep flow technique (DFT), nutrient film technique (NFT), and aeroponic, were tested. The temperature of the nutrient solution was set for each system, i.e., under ambient temperature (UAT) and with controlled temperature (WCT) at 26° C. The cultivation period was 60 days. The result showed peroxidation activity and proline accumulation for the adventitious roots of T. paniculatum cuttings with UAT and WCT, alongside various levels of plasma membrane damage. Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were analyzed by spectrophotometer. Membrane damage was analyzed with Evans blue dye. The results indicated that the levels of MDA and proline accumulation under the three hydroponic systems were higher for the WCT than for the UAT treatment. In contrast, vegetative growth was higher in UAT than in WCT. The saponin content of the adventitious root correlated with the MDA level. Saponin production was triggered by oxidative stress during cultivation, while the adventitious roots had a higher saponin content in all three hydroponic systems with the WCT treatment compared to the UAT treatment. Among the systems, aeroponic was superior for biomass and saponin. Root growth was promoted in the nutrient solution under ambient temperature whereas the production of saponins was stimulated under the controlled temperature. In the aeroponic system, root biomass values of 1.17 and 0.478 g dry weight were obtained under ambient and controlled temperatures, respectively. The total saponin contents differed slightly, namely 189.83 and 195.61 mg/g, respectively.
Habitat suitability modelling of Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1840) in Java, with notes on habitat characteristics from Malang, East Java
Authors: Kurniawan Nia , Fathoni Muhammad , Assiddiqy Miftah Farid , Septiadi Luhur , Rijalullah Muhammad Asyraf
Published: June 2024

The distribution of the Reinwardt's Gliding Frog, Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1840), was recently thought to be restricted in Java. Furthermore, the constant and rapid deforestation in Java highlight the significance of the frog's habitat requirements in establishing the accurate species' conservation status. This study aims to predict the suitable habitat for this species in Java and to identify the habitat characteristics in Malang Region-East Java. Using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) approach, we modelled the distribution of species and examined numerous types of breeding sites in Malang Region. Our findings revealed that the species inhabits a much more restricted and fragmented habitat in Java, where it inhabits both forest and agroforestry areas.
Composition and Diversity of Dragonflies (Odonata) in Several Habitat Types in Lumajang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Muhamad Azmi Dwi , Millah Najmatul , Leksono Amin Setyo , Gama Zulfaidah Penata
Published: June 2024

Lumajang is one of the regency in East Java Province that has various types of freshwater ecosystems and have great potential as habitats for various insects, especially dragonflies. Dragonflies are insects that mostly live aquatically, so their existence is highly dependent on the condition of aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to compare the composition and diversity of dragonfly species in various habitat types in Lumajang. The study was conducted in lentic and lotic ecosystems in Lumajang. The method used was the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) technique adapted from the sweeping net. The data analysis used to determine differences in dragonfly species composition was the Bray-Curtis similarity analysis, while diversity analysis was conducted using the Shannon-Wiener index. This study recorded 29 species from seven families, including seven endemic dragonfly species found only on several islands in Indonesia. In the analysis of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the results show that in all research locations have a value of H'= 1.07‒2.11, where the Rice Field habitat is the location with the highest value among other locations, with a value of H' = 2.11. The similarity analysis of dragonfly species composition using Bray Curtis similarity showed that it was divided into three groups. The composition of dragonflies found in several habitats in Lumajang is different, which can be influenced by many factors such as site elevation, habitat type (lentic or lotic), and habitat condition, as well as several other factors such as microclimate and vegetation (related to food availability).
Intraspecific SSR Marker Screening for Detection of Dendrobium crumenatum Mutants Generated from In Vitro Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Dwiyani Rindang , Sanjaya I Putu Wahyu , Yuswanti Hestin , Darmawati Ida Ayu Putri , Suada I Ketut , Manullang Prila Kartika , Fitriani Yuyun
Published: June 2024

Determination of D. crumenatum mutant obtained from in vitro mutation breeding needs a long time due to its long-life cycle. SSR molecular markers can be used for early mutant detection. Specific SSR markers developed in D. crumenatum are not yet available. Alternative published SSR markers were developed from D. catenatum. The aims of this study are to screen the most informative SSR markers generated from D. catenatum tested in irradiated D. crumenatum population and to determine the gamma irradiation dose resulting the most mutants. Ten SSR markers were randomly selected and tested in 25 individuals of D. crumenatum plantlets irradiated with several doses (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy; 5 plantlets each dose). The result showed 7 of 10 primers were polymorphic and the other three were  monomorphic. All seven polymorphic primers can be used to identified intraspecific variation in the D. crumenatum mutant population. Markers dnsr28 and dnsr98 were the most informative, with the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.5. Irradiation D. crumenatum protocorms using 10-15 gray doses were detected as the highest mutant percentage obtained up to 100% in the sample tested. This resulting marker information can be used to screen wider mutant population to decrease the non-mutant individuals in the population for maintenance and cost efficiency. The 10-15 Gy can be used as reference doses for gamma irradiation in 3 months old D. crumenatum protocorm materials.
INFORMATIONAL THREE-ESSENCE RESONANCE, STRUCTURE, BOUNDARY AND MEMORY IN AN OPEN COMPLEX SYSTEM
Authors: Kharitonov A. S.
Published: June 2024

We have developed the concept of a single and holistic reality, consisting of the interaction of realized and potential events through the spontaneous occurrence of information resonance, changing three entities at once, in six ways, but maintaining the amount of realized information. The repetition of information resonance, generating a new structure, forms a boundary for a complex system and increases memory in it. We described information resonance with a symmetry equation for three classes of dynamic variables. The repetition of information resonance satisfies the recurrent equation leading to the golden proportion. Mathematical operations already with the golden ratio made it possible to introduce algebraic fractals of the golden ratio, the properties of which satisfy the Pythagorean theorem, and on their basis to derive the natural series and Euclidean geometry, bringing science closer to understanding the physics of a living organism. Between various complex systems, their own informational, energetic and material interactions arise, leading to their natural selection for survival.
The Influence of Islamic Marketing, Lifestyle, and Price on Pre-Loved Clothing Purchases: Intention as a Mediator
Authors: Sitepu Novi Indriyani , Akustia Syifa Salsabila
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the influence of Islamic marketing strategies, lifestyle factors, and pricing on pre-loved clothing purchase decisions, mediated by purchase intention. The study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze data collected through questionnaires distributed to 120 respondents in Banda Aceh City, following a sample size determined by the Hair formula. The findings reveal that purchase intention directly impacts purchasing decisions. Additionally, Islamic marketing strategies, lifestyle factors, and pricing all exert a direct influence on purchase intention. Interestingly, the study identifies that lifestyle factors do not have a significant direct effect on purchasing decisions. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that purchase intention partially mediates the relationship between Islamic marketing strategies, lifestyle factors, price, and pre-loved clothing purchase decisions. These results suggest that Islamic marketing strategies can be a valuable tool for businesses operating in the pre-loved clothing market.==============================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Pengaruh Pemasaran Islami, Gaya Hidup, dan Harga terhadap Pembelian Pakaian Pre-Loved: Minat sebagai Mediator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh strategi pemasaran Islam, gaya hidup, dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian pakaian pre-loved dengan minat beli sebagai mediator. Data dikumpulkan melalui sebaran kuesioner kepada 120 responden di Kota Banda Aceh, yang ditentukan dengan rumus Hair. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dalam software AMOS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat beli secara langsung memengaruhi keputusan pembelian. Strategi pemasaran Islam, gaya hidup, dan harga juga secara langsung memengaruhi minat beli. Selain itu, strategi pemasaran Islam secara langsung memengaruhi keputusan pembelian. Namun, gaya hidup tidak menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Lebih lanjut, minat beli memediasi secara parsial pengaruh strategi pemasaran Islam, gaya hidup, dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian. Oleh karena itu, bisnis preloved disarankan untuk terus menerapkan strategi pemasaran Islam dalam menjalankan usahanya.
Creation of new source material of spring wheat in conditions of Middle Priamurye
Authors:   Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute, Aseeva Tatiana A. , Zenkina Kristina V. ,   Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute, Lomakina Irina V.
Published: June 2024

The studies were conducted in 2018–2023 in the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute with the aim of creating new source material of spring soft wheat for the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Priamurye. It was established that the share of the "year" contribution was 56.25%, the share of the "variety" contribution was 34.43%, and the influence of the "variety × year" factors was 9.32%. As a result of the research, 25 collection varieties of spring soft wheat with high resistance to lodging were identified, exceeding the standard Khabarovchanka variety (363 g/m2) by an average of 29–412 g/m2: Anfeya, Dalira (Russia, Khabarovsk krai), Kalinka (Russia, Moscow region), Bulyak, Hayat, Al Varis, Ioldyz (Russia, Tatarstan), Alabuga, Tyumenochka (Russia, Tyumen region), Omskaya Yubileinaya, Stolypinskaya 2 (Russia, Omsk region), Voevoda, Prokhorovka (Russia, Saratov region), Tulaikovskaya 108, Tulaikovskaya 110 (Russia, Samara region), Mertsana (Russia, Tambov region), Rodnik (Russia, Chelyabinsk region), Sr9b, Sr5 (Australia), Calispero (France), Morocco (Africa), Jasna (Poland), Stepnaya 100, Almaken (Kazakhstan), Boett (Sweden). Varieties with high and stable formation of grain yield were noted, regardless of the influence of negative environmental factors: Jasna (Poland) – 475 g/m2, Morocco (Africa) – 499 g/m2, Tulaikovskaya 110 (Russia, Samara region) – 568 g/m2, Alabuga (Russia, Tyumen region) – 621 g/m2, Voevoda (Russia, Saratov region) – 775 g/m2. As a result of intraspecific hybridization, 46 hybrid combinations were obtained with a total number of hybrid grains – 1 685 pieces and an average set rate of 44.5%. In 8 combinations, forward and reverse crossings were made. It has been established that the percentage of setting is significantly higher when using local selection varieties Anfeya and Dalira as a maternal form (Anfeya × Kalinka – 66%, Dalira × Kalinka – 62%) than as a paternal form (Kalinka × Anfeya – 17%, Kalinka × Dalira – 2%).
Impact of Postpartum Hospital Length-of-Stay on Infant Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Analysis of Vaginal and Caesarean birth
Authors: Bashar Sabrin , M Hein Tun , Ting Joseph , Hicks Matthew , Mandhane Piush , Moraes Theo J. , Simons Elinor , Turvey Stuart , Subbarao Padmaja , Scott James , Kozyrskyj Anita
Published: June 2024

Objectives This study aimed to assess the association between
postpartum hospital length-of-stay and the composition of gut microbiota
at 3 and 12 months of age in different birth modes. Design
Prospective cohort of Canadian infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant
Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study born between 2008 and 2012.
Setting General community. Sample 1313 infants from
three study sites (Edmonton, Vancouver, and Winnipeg) of the CHILD
cohort Methods Duration of hospital stay was documented in
hospital records. Infants’ gut microbiota was characterized by Illumina
16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples at 3 and 12 months. Main
outcome measures Infant gut microbiota profiles. Results: In
the absence of maternal intrapartum antibiotic (IAP) exposure, vaginally
delivered infants (VD) with a longer hospital length-of-stay (LOS) had a
higher abundance of bacteria in their gut known to cause
hospital-acquired Infections (HAI), including Enterococcus at 3
months and 12 months and Citrobacter at 3 months of age.
Moreover, HAI-causing bacteria Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant in
later infancy in postnatal prolonged hospital stayed IAP-exposed
caesarean section (CS) infants. Enterococcus or
Citrobacter abundance at 3 months significantly mediated the
association of LOS with low relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and a
high relative abundance of Enterococcaeae/Bacteriodaceae or
Enterobacteriaceae/Bacteroidaceae ratio at 12 months of age in VD
infants without IAP exposure. Conclusions LOS after birth is
associated with infant gut dysbiosis. Further research is needed to
explore the health outcomes of these associations.
Revisiting Unsubstituted Ullazine: Concise Synthesis, Single Crystal X-Ray Structure and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Liu Tian , Wang Yuanhui , Jiang Ruijun , Gong Rui , Zhang Lei , Liu Xuguang , Deng Jun
Published: June 2024

We have developed an efficient synthetic route of parental ullazine in
three steps from commercially available synthons with overall yield of
53%. The single crystal X-ray structure of parental ullazine was
studied in detail. Parental ullazine core can be functionalized either
by late-stage Vilsmeier-Haack formylation/condensation sequence or by
C-N cross-coupling with a pre-installed bromine. Pre-liminary results
show that the condensation of CHO-substituted ullazine (U-CHO) gave a
novel imidazole substituted ullazine. The brominated ullazine (U-Br) can
undergo Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling smoothly, resulting a carbazole
substituted ullazine. In ad-dition, parental ullazine showed redshifted
absorption and emission spectra as compared to its isoelectronic isomer
pyrene, and no excimer formation in higher concentration.
In-situ facet transformation engineering over Co 3 O 4 for highly efficient electro-reduction of nitrate to ammonia
Authors: Lu Suwei , Li Yuhang , Yan Hongping , Lin Guanting , Qi Tingting , Liang Shijing , Jiang Lilong
Published: June 2024

The catalytic performance on the various exposed facets has a huge
difference for electrochemical nitrate reduction reactions (NO
RR). Herein, we fabricate Co O
hexagonal nanosheets with various exposed facets,
including {112}, {112}&{111}, and {111} facet. The reaction
pathways of NO RR on various facets are elucidated via
in-situ electrochemical characterizations and density functional theory
(DFT) investigations. Interestingly, as the dominated facet of Co
O transform from {112} to {111},
the rate-determining step (RDS) changes from *NO →*NO
H to *NO H→*NO , and
the energy barrier also decreases to 0.48 eV. And {111} facet promotes
the hydrogenation of NO and NH
intermediates. Notably, Co O -{111}
catalyst shows an excellent NO RR performance with the
NH yield of 5.73 mg mg h , which outperforms most of
the reported activities.
Multi-Style Cartoonization: Leveraging Multiple Datasets with GANs
Authors: Cai Jianlu , Li Frederick W. B. , Nan Fangzhe , Yang Bailin
Published: June 2024

Scene cartoonization aims to convert photos into stylized cartoons.
While GANs can generate high-quality images, previous methods focus on
individual images or single styles, ignoring relationships between
datasets. We propose a novel multi-style scene cartoonization GAN that
leverages multiple cartoon datasets jointly. Our main technical
contribution is a multi-branch style encoder that disentangles
representations to model styles as distributions over entire datasets
rather than images. Combined with a multi-task discriminator and
perceptual losses optimizing across collections, our model achieves
state-of-the-art diverse stylization while preserving semantics.
Experiments demonstrate that by learning from inter-dataset
relationships, our method translates photos into cartoon images with
improved realism and abstraction fidelity compared to prior arts,
without iterative re-training for new styles.
Resolving Antarctic mantle composition suggests a warmer East Antarctica
Authors: Li Lu , Aitken Alan R.A. , Gross Lutz , Codd Andrea Louise
Published: June 2024

Antarctica’s geothermal heat flow and its glacial isostatic adjustment
response are critical to understand ice sheet stability. These demand a
knowledge of the temperature of the Antarctic lithosphere, but
challenges remain in resolving mantle thermomechanical properties. Here
we use a two-stage process to resolve mantle temperature and
composition. First, we derive an optimized relationship between
shear-wave velocity and temperature, density, and composition,
constrained by temperature, attenuation, and the average viscosity of
the oceanic upper mantle. Applying this conversion relationship to a
seismic shear-wave velocity model from adjoint tomography (ANT-20)
yields an estimate of mantle density and temperature. In the second
stage we apply a 3D finite-element-method gravity inversion to correct
density distribution for the Antarctic lithosphere. The updated density
structure further constrains the composition and so the temperature of
the lithospheric mantle. Factoring in changes in mantle composition,
areas with depleted mantle require a higher temperature than the initial
estimate to fit the seismic velocity and density structure. Compared
with a primitive mantle, the temperature in the depleted mantle is
increased by up to 200 °C. From the updated temperature field, changes
to the lithosphere thickness, mantle viscosity, and geothermal heat flow
are defined: in East Antarctica, low viscosity area is largely unchanged
(<1023 Pa s), while the estimated lithosphere thickness must
decrease by up to 150 km, and heat flow must increase by 3–10 mW/m2.
Collectively, the effects of an increased mantle temperature estimate
suggest that a more dynamic and climate-responsive East Antarctic Ice
Sheet is possible.
Modeling the onset of earthquake-triggered landslides on slip surfaces governed by rate-and-state friction
Authors: LESTRELIN Hugo , Ampuero Jean-Paul , mercerat diego , Courboulex Francoise
Published: June 2024

Earthquake-triggered landslides are a severe hazard and contribute to
landscape evolution. To understand their process and controlling
factors, we model the onset of seismically-triggered slip on
pre-existing slip surfaces governed by laboratory-based rate-and-state
friction, including wave propagation effects. Through numerical
simulations and theoretical analysis, we identify how friction
properties, landslide thickness and incident wave attributes (frequency,
duration, amplitude) control slope stability.We find that the frictional state variable tracks the cyclic fatigue of
the slip surface, its progressive weakening with each wave cycle.Wave propagation effects introduce two regimes depending on frequency
relative to the two-way travel time across the landslide thickness: the
stability criterion is well approximated by a threshold on incident peak
acceleration at low frequencies, and on peak velocity at high
frequencies.We derive analytical approximations, validated by simulations, suitable
to apply the model to evaluate landslide stability under arbitrary input
motions.
1-OR: The Improvement Effects of Glucokinase Loss-of-Function Mutation on Lipid Metabolism
Authors: XIE TING , XIE ZIYAN , LIU JING , XIAO XINHUA
Published: June 2024

Glucokinase-maturity onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY), resulting from GCK loss-of-function mutation, is a unique form of diabetes characterized by mild hyperglycemia, favorable lipid profiles, and a low incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications despite prolonged hyperglycemia. While GCK plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism, the impact of GCK mutation on lipid metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the improved lipid metabolism, particularly in liver and adipose tissue, using a mouse model. CRISPR/Cas9 methods was used to generate a heterozygous loss-of-function mutant model by knocking out the GCK gene in C57BL6/J mice. The GCK+/- mice exhibited elevated fasting blood glucose, HDL-c, and ApoA, resembling the phenotype observed in GCK-MODY patients. Metabolic cage analysis revealed a reduced respiratory exchange ratio and increased heat production in GCK+/- mice, suggesting a preference for fat burning over carbohydrate burning compared to WT mice. Additionally, GCK+/- mice showed higher liver and kidney weight (%), but a reduced fat mass (%). Transmission electron microscopy analysis of hepatic tissue showed increased sizes and decreased total volume of lipid droplets (LDs) in GCK+/- mice. Meanwhile, lipidomics analysis of liver revealed significantly reduced levels of TG and DG in the GCK+/- mice. Proteomic data found that several key regulators for LDs lipolysis were reduced in the liver of GCK+/- mice. Immunohistochemistry studies indicated reduced F4/80-positive cells in the liver of GCK+/- mice, suggesting improved hepatic inflammation under normal diet conditions. These findings suggest that partial inactivation of GCK enhances lipid consumption and utilization in the liver and adipose tissue probably through altering LDs formation and lipolysis, providing new insights into the treatment of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications by targeting GCK as a therapeutic target.

Disclosure

T. Xie: None. Z. Xie: None. J. Liu: None. X. Xiao: None.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82100901)
1003-P: A New Machine-Learning Model and Expanded Dataset for a Noninvasive BGM
Authors: KLYVE DOMINIC , ANDERSON JAMES H. , CURRIE KAPTAIN , BUI CONNOR , KARIM FAZLE , SOMERS VIREND K.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is essential in diabetes management, but global adoption is hindered due to economic costs and discomfort. A non-invasive, cost-effective, and accurate CGM would support the patient population and increase adoption. This study evaluates the accuracy of a multi-frequency RF sensor for non-invasive blood glucose (BG) monitoring in people with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes using venous blood as a reference.

Methods: Using a sensor that records data from several thousand radio frequencies (RF), participants’ forearms were scanned during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. From 22 participants, 1,430 venous blood samples were collected using a peripheral intravenous catheter. Using the RF data, a CatBoost machine learning (ML) model was built on 80% of these values to estimate BG as a dependent variable. This model was applied to a held-out test dataset and a Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD) was calculated.

Results: The CatBoost model returned an overall MARD of 11.8% ± 1.5% on the test dataset. It performed similarly on normoglycemic (12.1% ± 1.8%) and hyperglycemic (11.0% ± 2.3%) ranges. Notably, 100% of predictions fell in Risk Grade A or B in a SEG analysis.

Conclusion: The ML techniques applied to data collected by this RF sensor hold promise for the non-invasive measurement of BG. Ongoing studies will include expanding the participant population and continuing model refinement.

Disclosure

D. Klyve: Consultant; Know Labs, Inc., Zetroz, Inc. J.H. Anderson: Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company. Employee; Know Labs Inc. Board Member; Vocare. Employee; PTS Diagnostics. K. Currie: Employee; Know Labs. C. Bui: Employee; Know Labs. F. Karim: Employee; Know Labs. V.K. Somers: Consultant; Know Labs. Research Support; National Institutes of Health. Other Relationship; American Heart Association, American Society of Preventive Cardiology. Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company. Employee; Mayo Clinic. Other Relationship; Medtronic. Research Support; Cambridge Medical.
101-OR: Revelations in Regulation—Sodium/Potassium ATPase Subunit Control of Beta-Cell Cation Handling and Insulin Secretion
Authors: DICKERSON MATTHEW , DADI PRASANNA , JACOBSON DAVID
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims: Na+/K+ ATPases (NKAs) control ß-cell Ca2+ influx and insulin secretion by integrating the signal strength of stimulatory (Gs) and inhibitory (Gi) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, there is a significant gap in our understanding of how specific NKA subunits contribute to ß-cell function. Therefore, due to the importance of NKA-mediated cation handling to islet function, we set out to provide a clear understanding of the roles of NKA subunits in tuning β-cell Ca2+ handling and hormone secretion.

Materials and Methods: Electrophysiology, fluorescence imaging, and hormone secretion assays were employed to study NKA subunit regulation of ß-cell function. A transgenic mouse model with ß-cell knockout of NKAß1 (ßNKAß1KO) was used to determine the importance of this subunit. Human pseudoislets were generated with ß-cell-restricted NKAß1 knockdown (ßNKAß1KD) to investigate the function of this subunit in human islets.

Results: NKAß1 KO increased ß-celI Na+ by 45±1% (P<0.001) and diminished SST-induced NKA currents by 37±6% (P<0.05). Glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx into ßNKAß1KO islets was delayed by 143±28 seconds (P<0.01) and Ca2+ plateau fraction reduced by 30±3% (P<0.01). ßNKAß1KO mice displayed glucose intolerance (36±17% AUC increase; P<0.5). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS; 9 mM glucose (G)) was decreased by 19±2% from ßNKAß1KO mouse islets (P<0.05) and by 36±11% from human ßNKAß1KD islets (11G; P<0.05). Gi signaling-mediated ßNKAß1KO islet Ca2+ decreases were amplified by 30±7% (P<0.01) and 46±9% (P<0.01) for SSTRs and αADRs respectively. Islet Ca2+ increases due to activation of Gs-coupled GLP1Rs were decreased by 23±6% (P<0.05).

Conclusion: NKAß1 serves a critical role in maintaining the driving force for Na+ entry into ß-cells as well as by shaping the capacity of Gi- and Gs-GPCRs to tune NKA function. Together these findings establish NKAß1 as a key regulator of mouse and human ß-cell function.

Disclosure

M. Dickerson: None. P. Dadi: None. D. Jacobson: None.

Funding

Vanderbilt (ITED T32DK101003R01 DK097392 R01 DK115620)
1011-P: Characterization of Nailfold Capillaries in Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: XU LAN , HAN YUMENG
Published: June 2024

Introduction: To evaluate the characteristics of nailfold capillaries in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and to explore the changes in nailfold microcirculation before and after treatment of DKA.

Methods: Following propensity score matching, a total of 34 patients with DKA and 34 patients with diabetes not suffering from DKA were analyzed. Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) was applied to photograph and assess the state of the nailfold microcirculation. The arterial blood gas and characterization of nailfold capillaries of patients with DKA were monitored before and after therapy.

Results: Ramified capillary, bizarre capillary and NFC score were significantly higher in the DKA group than the non-DKA group (all P < 0.001). After rehydration and insulin infusion, the density, mean diameter and NFC score were significantly reduced (all P < 0.001). Density correlated positively with blood ketones (r = 0.463, P < 0.001) and negatively with pH (r = -0.368, P = 0.004). NFC score exhibited a positive correlation with anion gap (r = 0.395, P = 0.001) and a negative correlation with pH (r = -0.496, P < 0.001) and actual bicarbonate (r = -0.438, P = 0.001). The area under curve of the regression model including density, diameter and NFC score was 0.839 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Nailfold capillaries characteristics vary with DKA, which could enable dynamic monitoring of the therapeutic effects of DKA rehydration.

Disclosure

L. Xu: None. Y. Han: None.
1029-P: Analysis of Raw Data from Freestyle Libre Provides Additional Insights into Diabetic Complication Risk
Authors: HEALD ADRIAN H. , STEDMAN MICHAEL , HABTE-ASRES HELLENA H. , PAISLEY ANGELA N. , WARNER-LEVY JOHN J. , BELSTON LLEYTON , ROBINSON ADAM , JUDE EDWARD B. , GIBSON JOHN M. , FORBES ANGUS
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Numerous datapoints are collected each day by the FreeStyle Libre system®. We here investigated how further insights can be gained by analysing raw glucose monitoring data.

Methods: Over 18 months, 15minute glucose values were downloaded. Based on these BG values supplementary metrics were calculated including HbA1c. Cluster analysis was used to highlight how these variables add to our understanding of complication risk in T1D and how oral medication impacts these metrics.

Results: for 90 individuals (44 males) were analysed over 18months. Mean age was 42.6(sd 12.7) years; mean duration of diabetes 18.4(sd 11.8) years. Mean BMI 27.8(sd 5.5)kg/m2. Analysis highlighted that average daily variation in BG values was only 20% related to HbA1c. Percentage results above 18mmol/L (top 5% of distribution) increased exponentially above 54mmol/mol HbA1c(7.1%). A greater % of glucose >18mM (Figure) was associated with development of sight threatening retinopathy vs minimal change/no retinopathy (p=0.005) with no relation to glucose variability over 24 hours. Individuals in the lowest tertile of HbA1C at <51.7mmol/mol(%) showed the lowest variation in 24hour glucose profile with less variability in those taking adjunctive oral agents.

Conclusion: Above an HbA1c of 54mmol/mol(7.1%) there is an exponential increase in %glucose >18mM which relates to increased risk of sight threatening retinopathy.

Disclosure

A.H. Heald: None. M. Stedman: None. H.H. Habte-Asres: None. A.N. Paisley: None. J.J. Warner-Levy: None. L. Belston: None. A. Robinson: None. E.B. Jude: Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca. Research Support; Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; Lilly Diabetes. Research Support; Abbott. Speaker's Bureau; Sanofi. J.M. Gibson: None. A. Forbes: None.
1034-P: Targeted Automatic eConsults (TACos) to Enhance Care for Individuals with Diabetes—A Payor–Provider Partnership
Authors: KARSLIOGLU-FRENCH ESRA , KANTER JUSTIN , WINGER MARY E. , WILLIAMS KELLY R. , GRUMSKI TAMMI , SCHUSTER JAMES , BECKJORD ELLEN
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Most people with Type 2 DM receive care directed by their PCP and do not access endocrinologists. TACos are proactive e-consults that provide therapeutic treatment recommendations. Diabetes TACos have been implemented at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) PCP practices by a collaborative team of the Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Analytics, UPMC PCPs, and UPMC Health Plan. Our previous analysis showed significant HbA1c reduction 6 months following TACos. A 12-month evaluation of a larger patient population demonstrates even more positive outcomes.

Methods: The analysis included 574 individuals who received a TACos (intervention) matched to 1722 controls based on clinical and demographic criteria. The intervention and control groups were matched using 3:1 optimal propensity score matching. Twelve-month changes in HbA1c and health care costs per member per month (PMPM) were evaluated using an observational matched design and intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis.

Results: Sixty-five percent of the TACos recommendations were implemented by PCPs. Percent change in HbA1c in 12 months after TACos was significantly higher in the intervention group (-13.9%, p=0.0003) vs the control group (-10%). Median total cost PMPM in 12 months after TACos was significantly lower in the intervention group (-24%, p<0.001) vs the control group. Inpatient hospital and observation utilization were significantly lower and SGLT2/GLP1 utilization was significantly higher in the intervention group.

Conclusion: Members who received TACos had higher percent reduction in HbA1c; lower total cost; lower inpatient admission and 30-day readmissions; and higher SGLT2/GLP1 utilization compared to comparison group. TACos can improve diabetes control and decrease medical costs for people with Type 2 DM whose care is managed by their PCP.

Disclosure

E. Karslioglu-French: Research Support; Abbott, Pfizer Inc. J. Kanter: None. M.E. Winger: None. K.R. Williams: None. T. Grumski: None. J. Schuster: None. E. Beckjord: None.
1042-P: Long-Term Complications after Add-on Treatment to Metformin—UK Real-World Progression in Diabetes (RAPIDS) Model
Authors: ADLER AMANDA I. , CARROLL ORLAGH , BIDULKA PATRICK , BASU ANIRBAN , GRIEVE RICHARD
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: Policy makers must take a long view when deciding which treatments to reimburse. Clinical trials may not provide data for long-term complications, nor capture treatment duration or sequences observed in practice. In this study, we predict probabilities of complications for people initiating add-on treatment to metformin monotherapy with sulfonylureas (SU) vs. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) vs. sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).

Methods: We used data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2011 to 2020) to find people with type 2 diabetes prescribed 2nd-line treatment with a SGLTi, DPP4i or SU. We used the US-based RAPIDS microsimulation model updated to reflect trial evidence and calibrated to the UK. We predicted counterfactual outcomes for the alternative second-line treatments for ‘real-world’ durations and subsequent treatment switching. From these predicted outcomes, we estimated between-treatment differences in the mean probabilities of MI, stroke, diabetic eye disease (DED), eGFR, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or amputation (LEA) over 5 years.

Results: Starting 2nd-line treatment with SGLTi compared to either SU or DPP4i reduced the predicted probability of long-term complications over 5 years. The probability of MI or stroke were similar across the 2nd-line treatments. For SGLTi, the model predicted an increase in the mean eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) of 0.4 (95% CI 0.1, 0.7) vs SU, and of 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) vs DPP4i. Following starting SGLTi, the model predicted a reduced probability of ESRD of -0.0025 (-0.002,-0.003) vs SU and -0.0025 (-0.03,-0.02) vs DPP4i; for DED the corresponding reductions were -0.011 (-0.012,-0.01) vs. SU and -0.003 (-0.004, -0.002) vs DPP4i. SGLTi and DPP4i lowered LEA risk compared with SU.

Conclusion: The RAPIDS-UK model, based on real-world treatment use, shows that 2nd-line therapy with SGLTi reduces the probability of complications up to 5 years compared to SU or DPP4i.

Disclosure

A.I. Adler: None. O. Carroll: None. P. Bidulka: None. A. Basu: None. R. Grieve: None.

Funding

NIHR