bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artesunate inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/FKHR pathway
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Liu Xiaojian , Zhuang Daoping
Published: November 2021

This study characterized the effects of artesunate on thyroid cancer and partially identified the related molecular mechanisms. We determined the effect of artesunate on the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells using the MTT assay, cell colony formation experiments, and western blotting, and used flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis of cancer cells. Using a wound healing assay, Transwell chamber experiments, and western blotting, we determined the effect of artesunate on cancer cell migration. We also partially identified the molecular mechanism by co-cultivation of artesunate with the PI3K agonist 740Y-P. Artesunate significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells and promoted the apoptosis of cancer cells. Using co-cultivation with a PI3K agonist, we found that the inhibitory effect of artesunate on cancer cells was mainly due to suppression of the PI3K/AKT/FKHR signaling pathway. By inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/FKHR signaling pathway, artesunate induced apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells and inhibited their proliferation and migration.
Application of Attention Mechanism with Prior Information in Natural Language Processing
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Zhou Zhenxiong , Ji Pengyu , Mei Aoxue
Published: November 2021

When using deep learning methods to model natural language, a recurrent neural network that can map input sequences to output sequences is usually used. Considering that natural language contains more complicated syntactic structures, and the performance of cyclic neural networks in long sentence processing will decrease, scholars have introduced an attention mechanism into the model, which has improved the above problems to a certain extent. The existing attention mechanism still has some shortcomings, such as the inability to explicitly obtain the known syntactic structure information in the sentence, and the poor interpretability of the output probability. In response to the above problems, this article will improve the attention mechanism in the recurrent neural network model. Firstly, the prior information in the natural language sequence is constructed as a graph model through syntactic analysis and other means, and then the graph structure regularization term is introduced into the sparse mapping. A new function netmax is constructed to replace the softmax function in the traditional attention mechanism, thereby improving the performance of the model and making the degree of association. The input values corresponding to larger input samples are closer, making the output of the attention mechanism easier to understand. The innovation of this paper mainly lies in that the weight calculation method which can be widely used in the attention mechanism is proposed by combining the deep learning model with statistical knowledge, which opens a channel to introduce the prior information for the deep learning model in natural language processing tasks.
MODELING FRACTIONAL-ORDER DYNAMICS OF MERS-COV VIA MITTAG-LEFFLER LAW
Authors: QU HAIDONG , RAHMAN MATI UR , WANG YE , ARFAN MUHAMMAD , ADNAN
Published: November 2021

This paper considers an arbitrary-order mathematical model that analyzes the syndrome type Middle Eastern Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) under the nonsingular Mittag-Leffler derivative. Such types of viruses were transferred from camels to the population of humans in the Arabian deserts. We investigate the said problem for theoretical results and determine the existence of a solution by using the fixed point theory concept. For the approximate solution, the well-known method of iteration arbitrary-order Adams–Bashforth (AB) technique has been used. A numerical scheme is developed for the analyzed problem in the continuation of simulations at different noninteger and natural order for the interval ([Formula: see text]]. The graphical representation shows that all classes show convergence and achieve a stable position with growing time. A good comparative result has been given by the analysis of various noninteger orders with natural orders and achieves stability quickly at fewer non-integer orders.
On Backlund transformation and motion of null Cartan curves
Authors: Erdoğdu Melek , Yavuz Ayşe
Published: November 2021

The main scope of this paper is to examine null Cartan curves especially the ones with constant torsion. In accordance with this scope, the position vector of a null Cartan curve is stated by a linear combination of the vector fields of its pseudo-orthogonal frame with differentiable functions. However, the most important difference that distinguishes this study from the other studies is that the Bertrand curve couples (timelike, spacelike or null) of null Cartan curves are also examined. Consequently, it is seen that all kinds of Bertrand couples of a given null Cartan curve with constant curvature functions have also constant curvature functions. This result is the most valuable result of the study, but allows us to introduce a transformation on null Cartan curves. Then, it is proved that aforesaid transformation is a Backlund transformation which is well recognized in modern physics. Moreover, motion of an inextensible null Cartan curve is investigated. By considering time evolution of null Cartan curve, the angular momentum vector is examined. And three different situations are given depending on the character of the angular momentum vector [Formula: see text] In the case of [Formula: see text] we discuss the solution of the system which is obtained by compatibility conditions. Finally, we provide the relation between torsion of the curve and the velocity vector components of the moving curve [Formula: see text]
Multi-UAV Coverage Path Planning for Gas Distribution Map Applications
Authors: Bouras Abdelwahhab , Bouzid Yasser , Guiatni Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Aerial coverage for Gas Distribution Map (GDM) using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with olfaction capabilities has become a key for effectiveness and cost improvements. In this work, the main contribution is the application of Coverage Path Planning (CPP) approaches adapted to survey gas plumes using an autonomous fleet of UAVs. Indeed, the mission is carried out in four steps. First, a gas plume model was integrated to simulate the environment. Then, based on the sensor’s footprint model and the Voronoï diagram, an exact cellular decomposition method is proposed to generate and distribute measurement points or Points Of Interests (POIs) effectively. To take measurements from all these POIs, two planning approaches were proposed in the third step. One is based on the separation of missions between UAVs using the K-means algorithm principle and modeling each path as a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). While the second approach models the global mission for all UAVs as a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The resolution of the two mathematical models is achieved using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms, respectively. Eventually, the GDM is reconstituted based on triangulation-based cubic interpolation. The evaluation of the proposed simulation techniques based on comparative analyses shows their efficiency, speed and flexibility. The proposed methods take into account the UAV’s flight autonomy and the desired coverage quality, and they provide solutions for a variety of coverage applications, particularly for GDM.
Evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex: constraints on periodic edifice construction and destruction by sector collapse
Authors: Gisbert Guillem , Delgado-Granados Hugo , Mangler Martin , Prytulak Julie , Espinasa-Pereña Ramón , Petrone Chiara Maria
Published: November 2021

Popocatépetl is one of the most active volcanoes in North America. Its current predominantly mild activity is contrasted by a history of large effusive and explosive eruptions and sector collapse events, first summarized by Espinasa-Pereña and Martín-Del Pozzo (2006). Since then, a wealth of new radiometric, geophysical and volcanological data have been published, requiring a re-evaluation of the evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex (PVC). We combined existing literature data with new field observations, aerial imagery and digital elevation model interpretations to produce an updated and improved reconstruction of the growth and evolution of the PVC throughout its history. This will be fundamental for the assessment and mitigation of risks associated with potential future high-magnitude activity of the PVC. The PVC consists of four successive volcanic edifices separated by three sector collapse events producing avalanche deposits: Tlamacas (>538–>330 ka, described here for the first time); Nexpayantla (
c.
330 to >98 ka); Ventorrillo (
c.
98–23.5 ka); and Popocatépetl (<23.5 ka). The newly described Tlamacas collapse propagated towards the ENE, forming part of the Mayorazgo avalanche deposit.

Supplementary material:
Supplementary files 1–7 are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5709190
Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Triassic floras from the Central North Sea
Authors: Burgess Roger , Jolley David , Hartley Adrian
Published: November 2021

The Triassic sediments of the Central North Sea (CNS) are considered to have been deposited in a continental environment under a semi-arid climate. The Skagerrak Formation in particular comprises an alternation of sandstone and mudstone members, the development of which is considered to be climatically driven. However, conflicting models exist as to how climate influences member deposition. Here we analyse the climatic signal using a multivariate statistical approach in which detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) is applied to palynological observations to quantify environmental reconstruction. Using DCA it has been possible to define palaeoecological groups and construct a relative hydrological state trend showing hydrological conditions within the centre of the CNS basin during the Triassic. The resultant trends reveal that the relationship between hydrological conditions in the basin and the development of individual sandstone and mudstone members is perhaps not a simple as indicated by existing models. In particular, our data suggest that, although influenced by broader climate trends, in the basin centre there is no simple relationship between climate change and sandstone or mudstone development. The data also indicate that the Julius and Jonathan mudstone members were deposited under differing hydrological conditions. The DCA trends shown here also suggest that the Carnian Pluvial Episode documented from the South Permian Basin and Tethys is not expressed in the CNS.
Digital agriculture for small-scale producers
Authors: Chandra Ranveer , Collis Stewart
Published: November 2021

Smart Farming with technologies such as IoT, computer vision, and AI can improve agricultural efficiency, transparency, profitability, and equity for farmers in low-and middle-income countries.
'In situ' data rights
Authors: Van Alstyne Marshall W. , Petropoulos Georgios , Parker Geoffrey , Martens Bertin
Published: November 2021

Improving on data portability.
Patent absurdity
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: November 2021

A case when ignorance is the best policy.
Neurocomputational Models of Language Processing
Authors: Hale John T. , Campanelli Luca , Li Jixing , Bhattasali Shohini , Pallier Christophe , Brennan Jonathan R.
Published: November 2021

Efforts to understand the brain bases of language face the Mapping Problem: At what level do linguistic computations and representations connect to human neurobiology? We review one approach to this problem that relies on rigorously defined computational models to specify the links between linguistic features and neural signals. Such tools can be used to estimate linguistic predictions, model linguistic features, and specify a sequence of processing steps that may be quantitatively fit to neural signals collected while participants use language. Progress has been helped by advances in machine learning, attention to linguistically interpretable models, and openly shared data sets that allow researchers to compare and contrast a variety of models. We describe one such data set in detail in the Supplemental Appendix .
Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms and Factors?
Authors: Lloyd Richard E. , Tamhankar Manasi , Lernmark Åke
Published: November 2021

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.
When it’s time for the sex talk, words matter
Authors: Robinson Austin T. , Wenner Megan M. , Bunsawat Kanokwan , Watso Joseph C. , Giersch Gabrielle E. W. , Charkoudian Nisha
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the traditional, unspoken assumption in published biomedical research studies that the young, healthy (usually white) male is the “default human” has received increasing scrutiny and criticism. The historical underrepresentation of female participants in biomedical research has been increasingly recognized and addressed, including with the current call for papers at the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Our goal in the present Perspectives is to discuss the topic of terminology (man/woman vs. male/female) for human research participants when considering sex as a biological variable. This important consideration is consistent with the importance of gender identity and related topics to psychological, emotional, and physical health. Just as pronouns are important, so is appropriate terminology when referring to human research volunteers. Despite some disagreement regarding terminology between our two groups of authors, we provide consensus recommendations. Importantly, we all agree that the most vital aspect of the present discussion is the broader focus on sex as a biological variable and appropriate inclusion of biological sex in in vitro, preclinical, and human research studies.
Exploration of Normal Stochastic Multicriteria Decision-Making and Legal Dilemma in Project Investment
Authors: Hu Jianmiao , Chen Chong
Published: November 2021

The purpose is to help enterprise managers make more accurate, scientific, and objective decisions on the optimal supplier in project investment, improve investment return and overall efficiency, and reduce investment risk. Following an introduction of normal stochastic multicriteria decision-making, a normal stochastic multicriteria decision-making method is proposed based on Bayesian Network- (BN-) Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to help investors select suppliers. First, product cost, product quality, and product service are selected as evaluation indexes, and then, a supplier evaluation model is built based on the BN concept for expert evaluation. Second, the evaluation information is integrated. Based on the TOPSIS normal stochastic multicriteria decision-making method, the optimal supplier is selected under the comparison of the fit degree between each supplier and the best and worst solution. Finally, the optimal solution is determined and verified by a simulation example. The results show that in the problem of supplier selection in the retail industry, the BN model can truly provide feedback the product quality, cost, and service situation of each supplier and fully consider their behavior diversity. The normal stochastic multicriteria decision-making method based on TOPSIS can select the suppliers that are most in line with the investors’ development goals, especially in the face of good and bad suppliers. BN-based TOPSIS normal stochastic multicriteria decision-making method has strong logic and efficiency, is easy to operate, and has high practical value. Furthermore, the relevant laws of project investment decision-making are discussed through consultation on the relevant literature, thus providing help for the construction of relevant laws in the future.
Partially Replacing the Emulsified Asphalt in Cement Emulsified Asphalt Mortars with Epoxy Emulsion: Mechanical Properties and Durability Study
Authors: Xu Ning , Huang Kexin , Li Weiguang , Han Xin , Han Lijuan , Li Chanchan
Published: November 2021

Cement emulsified asphalt (CEA) mortars achieve insufficient bond strength with substrate cement concrete slab. To ameliorate problems emerging from this, the emulsified asphalt (EA) in CEA mortars was partly replaced by epoxy emulsion (EE) at contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, yielding CEA mortars with enhanced properties. The bond strength, mechanical strength, toughness, and durability (including drying shrinkage and erosion resistance) of modified CEA mortars were assessed. The results showed that partial replacement of EA with EE improved the bond strength, mechanical strength, drying shrinkage, and erosion resistance of CEA mortars. A good correlation was found between the proportions of the EE replacement and the bond strength of CEA mortars. Partial replacement of EA with a small amount of EE exerted no significant effect on the toughness of CEA mortar. The stronger network structure of CEA mortars containing EE improved the compactness, thus improving the performance of CEA mortars. Based on these findings, EE is suggested as partial replacement of EA for enhancing the properties of CEA mortars.
Adaptive Strategies Based on Differential Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization
Authors: Sun Yifei , Bian Kun , Liu Zhuo , Sun Xin , Yao Ruoxia
Published: November 2021

The decomposition-based algorithm, for example, multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D), has been proved effective and useful in a variety of multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). On the basis of MOEA/D, the MOEA/D-DE replaces the simulated binary crossover (SBX) operator with differential evolution (DE) operator, which is used to enhance the diversity of the solutions more effectively. However, the amplification factor and the crossover probability are fixed in MOEA/D-DE, which would lead to a low convergence rate and be more likely to fall into local optimum. To overcome such a prematurity problem, this paper proposes three different adaptive operators in DE with crossover probability and amplification factors to adjust the parameter settings adaptively. We incorporate these three adaptive operators in MOEA/D-DE and MOEA/D-PaS to solve MOPs and many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs), respectively. This paper also designs a sensitive experiment for the changeable parameter η in the proposed adaptive operators to explore how η would affect the convergence of the proposed algorithms. These adaptive algorithms are tested on many benchmark problems, including ZDT, DTLZ, WFG, and MaF test suites. The experimental results illustrate that the three proposed adaptive algorithms have better performance on most benchmark problems.
Image Speckle Denoising for Securing Internet of Smart Sensors
Authors: Ma Wei , Xin Zhihui , Sun Licun , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2021

How to improve utility performance when securing sensitive data is an important research problem in Internet of smart sensors. In this paper, we study secured image speckle denoising for networked synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Speckle noise of SAR affects image quality and has a great influence on target detection and recognition. MSTAR dataset is often used in image target recognition. In this paper, a subregion-based method is proposed in order to improve the accuracy of target recognition and better retain target information while filtering and denoising the image. The new method applies advanced encryption techniques to protect sensitive data against malicious attack. Firstly, the image is divided into marked areas and unmarked areas through edge extraction and hole filling. Secondly, we use different size windows and filtering methods to filter the image in different areas. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has obvious advantages over MR-NLM, SSIM-NLM, Frost, and BM3D filtering in terms of equivalent view number and preserving edge and structure.
Signatures of Transient Overvoltages in Low Voltage Power Systems in Tea Factories and Their Implications on Insulation Deterioration and Allied Power Quality Issues
Authors: Pannila Earl A. R. L. , Edirisinghe Mahesh
Published: November 2021

Electrical equipment and supply cables demand a better quality of supply, with the recent advancements in integrated sensitive solid-state controls. Divergently, proliferated heavy inductive motors and some performance additions based on power electronics have introduced power quality issues to the network. Thus, this study mainly investigates the impact of switching transients generated by electromechanical machines in industrial power systems on insulation deterioration while taking transient overvoltages due to capacitor bank switching also to support. Transients with a high rate of rise are likely to catalyze the degradation of the insulation quality and break down the insulating material through ionization. These steeply passing overvoltage stresses let partial discharges ensue, which can attack the insulation over long service. To unveil this danger, 314 common-mode transient waveforms were measured in the electrical machines of five tea factories in Sri Lanka, in a 50 ms measurement window, taken in 55 measuring attempts. Most of the transients observed are in the form of a damped oscillatory waveform tailed by fast exponential collapse. That correlates to insulation degradation having a very steep rise as 30.04 V/ns, the highest at the withering section. When machines are heavily loaded, situations tend to generate transients with high amplitudes. There were transient bursts that spread as 426.3 ms, while 14 ns fast rise times were recorded from withering motors. Unlike electrical resonance and power-frequency overvoltages, electromagnetic switching transients last even less than 100 ms. To underline this, an analysis of the frequency domain of transients was also presented, which proves high density of high-frequency components reaching 107 kHz range. Accepting the fact that frequency and amplitude are always under the influences of innumerable dynamics, the observational evidence of the study endorses that electrical stress built by the transient nature of the factories reduces the life expectancy of electrical insulation.
Network Pharmacology‐Based Study on the Active Component and Mechanism of the Anti-Gastric-Cancer Effect of Herba Sarcandrae
Authors: Han Li , Han Ying
Published: November 2021

Background. Herba Sarcandrae is used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine to deal with gastric cancer. However, there are few studies on its precise mechanism. Method. In this study, a network pharmacological approach was utilized to construct a molecular/target/pathway molecular regulatory network for the anti-gastric-cancer effect of Herba Sarcandrae. The active components of Herba Sarcandrae and their potential mechanisms were explored. Chemical components of the Herba Sarcandrae were identified through a database, and they were evaluated and screened based on oral bioavailability and drug similarity. Results. Genes related to gastric cancer were found in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and gene targets related to anti-gastric-cancer were chosen by comparison. Using annotation, visualization, and a comprehensive discovery database, the function and related pathways of target genes were analyzed and screened. Cytoscape software was utilized to construct a component/target/pathway network for the antitumor effect of Herba Sarcandrae. Finally, 6 drug ingredients and 29 target genes related to gastric cancer were detected. IL-17 signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways were significantly enriched. Many signaling pathways that directly act on tumors and indirect pathways inhibit the development of gastric cancer. Conclusion. This study provides a scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of the anti-gastric-cancer effect of Herba Sarcandrae.
Water Dragon Boat Training Monitoring System Based on Multisensor Data Fusion Technology
Authors: Shen Heng
Published: November 2021

With the development of science and technology, a variety of electronic devices have entered our lives, making our lives more intelligent and making our work more effective. This article is aimed at studying the application of multisensor data fusion technology to the water dragon boat training monitoring system. In that case, we can analyze the various physical indicators of dragon boat athletes based on the data reflected by these sensors, when they can reach their physical limits and can perform in the best state to obtain the best results. The sensor is used to decompose the relevant data of each part of the athlete’s limbs. This step is based on the image and understands the maximum value of the data to adjust the training goal. This article proposes some data fusion algorithms, using Kalman filter method, Bayesian estimation method, and DS evidence theory algorithm to compare data fusion systems, through the comparison to find the best fusion accuracy, and then get the most suitable method is then applied to this water dragon boat monitoring system to enhance the training efficiency of dragon boat athletes. The experimental results in this paper show that when the value of the parameter increases from 0.97 to 2.5, the average classification accuracy of the k‐NN classifier decreases from 0.97 to 0.4, and the accuracy of the fusion results of the three fusion rules is also reduced correspondingly, but in this paper proposed, RP fusion rule still has better performance than the other two fusion rules. When the classifier is k‐NN, the three fusion rules increase with the number of sensors, and the accuracy of the fusion results is correspondingly improved. However, the final fusion accuracy obtained by the RP fusion rule proposed in this paper is always better than NB integration rules, and WMV integration rules are higher. Through these analyses, a training program that is most suitable for dragon boat athletes can be worked out, so that the athletes will not be useless. Multisensor data fusion technology brings great convenience to water dragon boat training and can provide more reasonable and accurate data to explore a practical way on the basis of ensuring the safety of personnel.
Mechanical Stretch Induces Annulus Fibrosus Cell Senescence through Activation of the RhoA/ROCK Pathway
Authors: Ning Li , Gao Lei , Zhang Fan , Li Xiaoxiao , Wang Tingting
Published: November 2021

Background. Intervertebral disc is responsible for absorbing and transmitting mechanical compression. Under physiological conditions, the peripheral annulus fibrosus (AF) cells are subjected to different magnitudes of transverse mechanical stretch depending on the swelling of the central nucleus pulposus tissue. However, the biological behavior of AF cells under mechanical stretch is not well studied. Objective. This study was performed to study the effects of mechanical tension on AF cell senescence and the potential signaling transduction pathway. Methods. Rat AF cells were made to experience different magnitudes of mechanical stretch (2% elongation and 20% elongation for 4 hours every day at 1 Hz) in a 10‐day experiment period. The inhibitor RKI‐1447 of the Rho‐associated coiled‐coil–containing protein kinases (ROCK) was added along with culture medium to investigate its role. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, telomerase activity, and expression of senescence markers (p16 and p53) were analyzed. Results. We found that 20% elongation significantly decreased cell proliferation, promoted G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, decreased telomerase activity, and upregulated mRNA/protein expression of p16 and p53. Moreover, the inhibitor RKI‐1447 partly resisted effects of 20% elongation on these parameters of cell senescence. Conclusion. High mechanical stretch obviously induces AF cell senescence through the RhoA/ROCK pathway. This study provides us a deeper understanding on the AF cell’s behavior under mechanical stretch.
The Significance of Autoantibodies in Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Kwiatkowska Dominika , Reich Adam
Published: November 2021

Juvenile dermatomyositis is a chronic and rare autoimmune disorder classified into the spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Although this entity is mainly characterized by the presence of pathognomonic cutaneous lesions and proximal muscle weakness, the clinical manifestation can be highly heterogeneous; thus, diagnosis might be challenging. Current treatment recommendations for juvenile dermatomyositis, based mainly upon case series, include the use of corticosteroids, immunomodulatory, and immunosuppressive agents. Recently, several specific autoantibodies have been shown to be associated with distinct clinical phenotypes of classic dermatomyositis. There is a need to further evaluate their relevance in the formation of various clinical features. Furthermore, while providing more personalized treatment strategies, one should consider diversity of autoantibody‐related subgroups of juvenile dermatomyositis.
[Retracted] Theaflavin Chemistry and Its Health Benefits
Authors: Shan Zhiguo , Nisar Muhammad Farrukh , Li Mingxi , Zhang Chunhua , Wan Chunpeng (Craig)
Published: November 2021

Huge epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that black tea is a rich source of health‐promoting ingredients, such as catechins and theaflavins (TFs). Furthermore, TF derivatives mainly include theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin‐3‐gallate (TF2A), theaflavin‐3 ′‐gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin‐3,3 ′‐digallate (TF3). All of these TFs exhibit extensive usages in pharmaceutics, foods, and traditional medication systems. Various indepth studies reported that how TFs modulates health effects in cellular and molecular mechanisms. The available literature regarding the pharmacological activities of TFs has revealed that TF3 has remarkable anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, and antimicrobial properties, thus posing significant effects on human health. The current manuscript summarizes both the chemistry and various pharmacological effects of TFs on human health, lifestyle or aging associated diseases, and populations of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the biological potential of TFs has also been focused to provide a deeper understanding of its mechanism of action.
Insight into the Methods for Improving the Utilization Efficiency of Fracturing Liquid in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Xu Tianlu , Lei Yingxian , Wu Chengmei , Shen Yinghao
Published: November 2021

A large amount of fracturing fluid will be injected into the unconventional reservoirs during hydraulic fracturing. At present, the maximum amount of fracturing fluid injected into shale oil reaches 70000 m3 in Jimsar. The main function of fracturing fluid is to make fractures for traditional reconstruction of fracturing; for unconventional reservoirs, fracturing fluid is also used to increase formation energy by large-scale injection. It is of great significance to improve the utilization efficiency of large-scale hydraulic fracturing fluid for shale oil to increase production and recovery. In this study, the method of improving the utilization efficiency of the large-scale hydraulic fracturing fluids is explored by experiment, numerical simulation, and field test of Jimsar shale oil formation. This research shows that fracture complexity can effectively increase the contact area between the fracturing fluids and the formation. The water absorption rate of the fractured core is increased, which lays the foundation for improving the liquid utilization efficiency. Reasonably, well shutting before production ensures the pressure balance in the fractures, and the fluid pressure can be transmitted to the far end, which improves the fracture effectiveness, increases formation energy, and promotes imbibition and oil displacement. By using the additive of enhanced imbibition displacement, the displacement efficiency and the displacement amount of crude oil in the micro-nanopores can be greatly improved, and the utilization ratio of liquid can be further enhanced. The experiment adopted in the field proves that improving energy utilization efficiency has an important impact on production. This study has great guiding significance for the efficient development and practical production of unconventional reservoirs.
Relationship between the Quantitative Indicators of Cranial MRI and the Early Neurodevelopment of Preterm Infants
Authors: Yin Jing , Wu Yanhui , Shi Yuxuan , Shen Lu , Yin Qigai
Published: November 2021

Aim. To explore the relationship between the quantitative indicators (biparietal width, interhemispheric distance) of the cranial MRI for preterm infants at 37 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) and neurodevelopment at 6 months of corrected age. Methods. A total of 113 preterm infants (gestational

age
<
37

weeks) delivered in the Obstetrics Department of the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang from September 2018 to February 2020 and directly transferred to the Neonatology Department for treatment were enrolled in this study. Based on their development quotient (DQ), the patients were divided into the normal (

DQ
≥
85

,

n
=
76

) group and the abnormal (

DQ
<
85

,

n
=
37

) group. Routine cranial MRI (cMRI) was performed at 37 weeks of PMA to measure the biparietal width (BPW) and interhemispheric distance (IHD). At the corrected age of 6 months, Development Screening Test (for children under six) was used to assess the participants’ neurodevelopment. Results. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in BPW, IHD, and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia between the normal and the abnormal groups (

P
<
0.05

), while no statistically significant differences were found in maternal complications and other clinical conditions between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in IHD and BPW between the normal and the abnormal groups (95% CI: 1.629-12.651 and 0.570-0.805, respectively;

P
=
0.004

and

P
<
0.001

, respectively), while no significant differences were found in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia between the two groups (95% CI: 0.669-77.227,

P
=
0.104

). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the area under the curve of BPW, IHD, and the joint predictor (BPW + IHD) were 0.867, 0.805, and 0.881, respectively (95% CI: 0.800-0.933, 0.710-0.900, and 0.819-0.943, respectively; all

P

values < 0.001). Conclusion. BPW and IHD, the two quantitative indicators acquired by cMRI, could predict the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants at the corrected age of 6 months. The combination of the two indicators showed an even higher predictive value.
A Hybrid Method for SOC Estimation of Power Battery
Authors: Yi Jiliang , Zhou Xuechun , Zhang Jin , Li Zhongqi
Published: November 2021

The accuracy of battery state of charge (SOC) is crucial for solving the problems such as overcharge, overdischarge, and mileage anxiety of electric vehicle power battery. In this study, an SOC estimation method using a hybrid method (HM) based on threshold switching is proposed, which combines the advantages of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the ampere hour integration (AHI) to improve the estimation accuracy and convergence speed. First, the parameters of the second-order RC equivalent model are identified using the least square. Then, the equation of EKF for updating the state variable is reconstructed by using the identified parameters to solve the problem of multiple iterations caused by the uncertainty of the initial value. Finally, the difference between the estimated voltage and the sampling voltage is used as the threshold value for switching between the AHI and the EKF to estimate the SOC of the battery. Simulation results show that the estimated SOC error of the proposed algorithm is less than 1.6% and the convergence time is within 70 s. Experiments under different SOC initial values are carried out to prove the advantages of the proposed method.
An Intellectual Energy Device for Household Appliances Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Manoharan Hariprasath , Teekaraman Yuvaraja , Kuppusamy Ramya , Radhakrishnan Arun
Published: November 2021

This article highlights the importance of implementing intelligent monitoring devices with the internet of things (IoT) for observing the amount of charges on different appliances in each household. In India, it has been observed that 20% of power is wasted due to commercial appliances where the amount of charge flow is much excess to corresponding appliances. Therefore, to perceive information about the flow of charges, it is necessary to implement an intelligent device, and it is possible to obtain exact information on the flow of charges with the help of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Even most of the researchers have developed an intelligent device for monitoring the amount of charges but delay, energy consumption, and cost of implementation are much higher. It is always necessary to extract precise information at corresponding time periods for reducing the delay in packet transmission of a specific network. To excerpt such real-time data in the network layer, an active procedure should be followed by integrating dissimilar network areas inside a single cluster, and binary coded artificial neural network (BCANN) is introduced to acquire information about hidden layers. To prove the effect of such integration process, several tests have been prepared using online and offline analyses where simulation results prove to be much effective in case of all different scenarios to an extent of 52.4% when compared to existing methods.
Investigation into Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Behavior of Friction Stir Processed Surface Composite Material
Authors: Nattappan Anbuchezhian , Suganya Priyadharshini G. , Satish Kumar T. , Velmurugan T. , Makeshkumar M. , Allasi Haiter Lenin
Published: November 2021

One of the different and pioneering solid‐state techniques, friction stir processing (FSP), is employed for the production of surface composites. In this research, the matrix selected was copper‐nickel (CuNi) with hard boron carbide particle as reinforcement. The objective of the current research work is to produce reinforced 90/10 copper‐nickel surface composites reinforced with B4C fabricated via FSP. The influence of tool rotational speed on macrostructure, microstructure, grain size analysis, microhardness, and wear studies of friction stir processed (FSPed) CuNi/B4C surface composites was assessed. For high rotational speed (1400 rpm) of stir tool, the modified surface area found is a maximum of 44.4 mm2 with uniform dispersion of hard particle reinforcement. The presence of hard particle in the surface area is revealed through the electron imaging and the spectroscopic results. Spectra mapping shows the uniform distribution of hard particle over the FSPed area, and the evidence is obtained with XRD analysis. From the experimentation, it is interesting to report that the reinforcements have decreased the surface hardness for an increased rotational speed of stir tool. The hardness recorded for minimum rotational speed is 223 HV which has gradually decreased to 178 HV for 1300 rpm. It has directly influenced the wear rate of modified FSPed, as hardness is directly proportional to wear behavior. The worn surface and fractured morphology of the CuNi/B4C surface composites were also studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM).
Diagnosis of Chronic Infection at Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision Is a Question of Definition
Authors: Boelch Sebastian Philipp , Rüeckl Kilian , Streck Laura Elisa , Szewczykowski Viktoria , Weißenberger Manuel , Jakuscheit Axel , Rudert Maximilian
Published: November 2021

Purpose. Contradicting definitions of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) are in use. Joint aspiration is performed before total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision. This study investigated the influence of PJI definition on PJI prevalence at THA revision. Test quality of prerevision aspiration was evaluated for the different PJI definitions. Methods. 256 THA revisions were retrospectively classified to be infected or not infected. Classification was performed according to the 4 different definitions proposed by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the International Consensus Meeting (ICM), and the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS). Only chronic PJIs were included. Results. PJI prevalence at revision significantly correlated with the applied PJI definition (p = 0.01, Cramer’s V = 0.093). PJI prevalence was 20.7% for the MSIS, 25.4% for the ICM, 28.1% for the IDSA, and 32.0% for the EBJIS definition. For synovial fluid white blood cell count, the best ROC‐AUC for predicting PJI was 0.953 in combination with the MSIS definition. Conclusion. PJI definition significantly influences the rate of diagnosed PJIs at THA revision. Synovial fluid white blood cell count is a reliable means to rule out PJI. In cases with a borderline high synovial white blood cell count before THA revision as the only sign of chronic PJI, an extended diagnostic work‐up should be considered.
Ontology‐Based Analysis of Manufacturing Processes: Lessons Learned from the Case Study of Wire Harness Production
Authors: Nagy László , Ruppert Tamás , Abonyi János
Published: November 2021

Effective information management is critical for the development of manufacturing processes. This paper aims to provide an overview of ontologies that can be utilized in building Industry 4.0 applications. The main contributions of the work are that it highlights ontologies that are suitable for manufacturing management and recommends the multilayer‐network‐based interpretation and analysis of ontology‐based databases. This article not only serves as a reference for engineers and researchers on ontologies but also presents a reproducible industrial case study that describes the ontology‐based model of a wire harness assembly manufacturing process.
Classification and Disintegration Characteristics of the Carboniferous Rocks in Guangxi, China
Authors: Mo Peng , Luo Junhui , Mi Decai , Chang Zhenchao , Huang Haifeng , Zhang Tao , Sun Guanhua , Li Yan , Zeng Ling , Wang Shihai
Published: November 2021

To investigate the disintegration characteristics of the carbonaceous rocks in Guangxi Province, the typical carbonaceous rocks in the section exposed by the Hechi‐Baise Expressway were investigated in this study. First, based on their mineral compositions and contents, the carbonaceous rocks were divided into four types: carbonate chert, carbonaceous argillaceous limestone, carbonaceous illite clay mudstone, and carbonaceous illite clay shale. Then, through indoor wet‐dry cyclic disintegration test, the disintegration characteristics of the four types of rocks were studied. The test results showed the following: (1) the disintegration residues of the carbonate chert and the carbonaceous argillaceous limestone decrease linearly as the number of wetting‐drying cycles increases. (2) The disintegration index of the carbonaceous illite clay mudstone and the carbonaceous illite clay shale decreases exponentially as the number of wetting‐drying cycles increases. (3) As the number of wetting‐drying cycles increases, the disintegration index curves of the carbonaceous illite clay mudstone and the carbonaceous illite clay shale samples gradually become stable until the disintegration of the samples is completed. (4) The disintegration of carbonaceous rocks is mainly affected by the clay content, followed by the structural form, but it cannot be ignored.
A Novel Multiband Remote-Sensing Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Dual-Channel Key Transmission Model
Authors: Liu Zefei , Li Jinqing , Di Xiaoqiang , Man Zhenlong , Sheng Yaohui
Published: November 2021

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, satellite remote sensing images have been involved in many areas of people’s lives. Remote sensing images contain military secrets, land profiles, and other sensitive data, so it is urgent to encrypt remote sensing images. This paper proposes a dual-channel key transmission model. The plaintext related key is embedded into the ciphertext image through bit-level key hiding transmission strategy, which enhanced the ability of ciphertext image to resist known-plaintext attack and chosen plaintext attack. In addition, a multiband remote sensing image encryption algorithm based on Boolean cross-scrambling and semi-tensor product diffusion is designed. Firstly, the pixel positions of each band of the remote sensing image are disturbed. Then, the random sequence generated by the four-dimensional chaotic system is processed and deformed to obtain a Boolean matrix. Based on the generated Boolean matrix and certain rules, the cross-confusion between the bands is carried out. Finally, the semi-tensor product operation is used in the diffusion process. Simulation results and experimental analysis show that the proposed algorithm obtains a larger key space and has stronger antiattack ability than other remote sensing image encryption algorithms. It can meet the security transmission of multiband remote sensing image in open space.
Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Small Intestinal Metastasis Secondary to Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Naoshima Kiminari , Abe Keiji , Murakami Kazushige , Takaya Kai , Nakano Tatsuya
Published: November 2021

Despite the frequent rapid spread of esophageal cancers to other organs, metastases to the small intestine are uncommon. As such, this paper describes a case of a 60-year-old male who developed a small intestinal obstruction due to metastasis from esophageal carcinoma. This patient had received radical esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma 14 months prior to the diagnosis. Furthermore, the important role of computed tomography scans played in composing the differential diagnosis will be explored. In order to relieve the obstruction, resection of the small intestine was performed, and the patient survived six months postoperatively.