bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lattice Boltzmann method for antiplane shear deformation: non-lattice-conforming boundary conditions
Authors: Schlüter Alexander , Müller Henning , Müller Ralf
Published: August 2022

In this work, two different approaches to treat boundary conditions in a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for the wave equation are presented. We interpret the wave equation as the governing equation of the displacement field of a solid under simplified deformation assumptions, but the algorithms are not limited to this interpretation. A feature of both algorithms is that the boundary does not need to conform with the discretization, i.e., the regular lattice. This allows for a larger flexibility regarding the geometries that can be handled by the LBM. The first algorithm aims at determining the missing distribution functions at boundary lattice points in such a way that a desired macroscopic boundary condition is fulfilled. The second algorithm is only available for Neumann-type boundary conditions and considers a balance of momentum for control volumes on the mesoscopic scale, i.e., at the scale of the lattice spacing. Numerical examples demonstrate that the new algorithms indeed improve the accuracy of the LBM compared to previous results and that they are able to model boundary conditions for complex geometries that do not conform with the lattice.
Building trait datasets: effect of methodological choice on a study of invasion
Authors: Palma Estibaliz , Vesk Peter A. , Catford Jane A.
Published: August 2022

Trait-based approaches are commonly used to understand ecological phenomena and processes. Trait data are typically gathered by measuring local specimens, retrieving published records, or a combination of the two. Implications of methodological choices in trait-based ecological studies—including source of data, imputation technique, and species selection criteria—are poorly understood. We ask: do different approaches for dataset-building lead to meaningful differences in trait datasets? If so, do these differences influence findings of a trait-based examination of plant invasiveness, measured as abundance and spread rate? We collected on-site (Victoria, Australia) and off-site (TRY database) height and specific leaf area records for as many species as possible out of 157 exotic herbaceous plants. For each trait, we built six datasets of species-level means using records collected on-site, off-site, on-site and off-site combined, and off-site supplemented via imputation based on phylogeny and/or trait correlations. For both traits, the six datasets were weakly correlated (ρ = 0.31–0.95 for height; ρ = 0.14–0.88 for SLA), reflecting differences in species’ trait values from the various estimations. Inconsistencies in species’ trait means across datasets did not translate into large differences in trait-invasion relationships. Although we did not find that methodological choices for building trait datasets greatly affected ecological inference about local invasion processes, we nevertheless recommend: (1) using on-site records to answer local-scale ecological questions whenever possible, and (2) transparency around methodological decisions related to selection of study species and estimation of missing trait values.
IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis with tumor-like intracranial and intracerebral lesions
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Majid , Dadak Mete , Atallah Oday , Möhn Nora , Skripuletz Thomas , Hartmann Christian , Banan Rozbeh , Krauss Joachim K.
Published: August 2022

Objective

IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a rare fibroinflammatory disorder that may cause localized or diffused thickening of the dura mater. Misinterpretations of the clinical and imaging findings are common. Clinical manifestations depend on the location of the inflammatory lesion and on compression of neural structures leading to functional deficits. A dural biopsy is commonly needed for a definitive diagnosis. Immunomodulatory therapy is considered the therapy of choice.

Methods

Four patients with IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis were identified over a 5-year period. Patient-related characteristics including age, preoperative workup, signs and symptoms of patients, and diagnostic procedures were evaluated. Furthermore, the surgical treatment and 5-year follow-up outcomes were analyzed.

Results

There were two adults and two adolescents (mean age 32 years; range 15 to 67 years). Two patients were male, and two were female. No history of disease was known in any of the patients. Clinical symptoms were epilepsy (n = 2), ataxia and nausea (n = 1), and facial nerve palsy (n = 1). MR imaging studies showed contrast enhancing lesions in the temporal region in two patients, and in the cerebellar region in the other two patients. Subtotal resection was performed in two instances and a biopsy via a suboccipital retrosigmoid approach was obtained in the other two patients. Histochemical and immunohistochemical investigations revealed an IgG 4 disease in all of these patients. Immunomodulatorry therapy led to clinical stability during follow-up of 5 years in all four cases.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis is challenging, but is of great relevance as treatment differs significantly from other forms of pachymeningitis and a specific therapeutic approach may avoid long-term neurological complications. Our series contributes to a better clinical characterization of this rare disease.
Clinical performance of different types of dental prosthesis in patients with head and neck tumors—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zierden Karina , Wöstmann Juliane , Wöstmann Bernd , Rehmann Peter
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To
investigate how different types of dental prosthesis perform in patients with head and neck tumors.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective clinical cohort study, the impact of different patient-related factors was analyzed as influencing factors on the survival probability of dental prosthesis using Kaplan–Meier estimate. For analysis, the dental prosthesis was divided into groups: group 1 (fixed dental prosthesis), group 2 (removable dental prosthesis), group 3 (implant-supported dental prosthesis), and group 4 (prostheses anchored using wrought wire clasps and obturators). The incidental aftercare measures were also evaluated.

Results

Two hundred seventy-nine restorations were observed (mean observation: 2.7 ± 3.0 years, max.14.8 years) out of which 49 (17.6%) had to be replaced during the observation. After 5 years, 100% of group 1 restorations, 79.9% of group 2 restorations, 91.4% of group 3 restorations, and 30% of group 4 restorations were still functional. Four hundred eighty-eight dental implants were observed, of which 77 (15.8%) failed.

Conclusions

Groups 1, 2, and 3 restorations showed good survival times after 5 years in function, whereas group 4 presented the worst survival times. Group 2 restorations showed the highest amount of necessary aftercare measures.

Clinical relevance

The current investigation shows that groups 1, 2, and 3 restorations should be preferred in the prosthetic treatment planning of patients with head and neck tumors. A treatment with group 4 restorations should only be considered if no other prosthetic treatment is possible or as temporary treatment.
Occurrence, transformation, bioaccumulation, risk and analysis of pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater: a review
Authors: Anand Uttpal , Adelodun Bashir , Cabreros Carlo , Kumar Pankaj , Suresh S. , Dey Abhijit , Ballesteros Florencio , Bontempi Elza
Published: August 2022

Almost all aspects of society from food security to disease control and prevention have benefited from pharmaceutical and personal care products, yet these products are a major source of contamination that ends up in wastewater and ecosystems. This issue has been sharply accentuated during the coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) due to the higher use of disinfectants and other products. Here we review pharmaceutical and personal care products with focus on their occurrence in the environment, detection, risk, and removal.
Molecular basis of mutual benefits between Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) transmission and imidacloprid resistance in Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Yan Minghui , He Haifang , Zhang Zelong , Zhang Beibei , Zhu Chaoqiang , Yan Weili , Zhao Chenchen , Li Jingjing , Yan Fengming
Published: August 2022

Increased insecticide resistance among insect vectors and arboviruses results in significant economic losses to agricultural production and poses a continuous threat to food safety. To date, many studies have been conducted on how virus-infected host plants indirectly and plant virus directly change the physiological characteristics of insect vectors. However, the relationship between the insecticide resistance of the insect vector and the virulence of the viral pathogen has not received sufficient attention. Here, we investigated the effect of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), a plant virus transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in a semi-persistent manner, on the resistance of B. tabaci to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid. We found CCYV enhanced the resistance of B. tabaci to imidacloprid. The CYP6CM1 gene was significantly up-regulated in viruliferous susceptible B. tabaci compared with non-viruliferous B. tabaci after an acquisition access period of 10 d, including its upstream regulators. Silencing the CYP6CM1 gene by RNA interference reduced the ability of B. tabaci to acquire CCYV compared with the control. Additionally, imidacloprid-resistant B. tabaci outperformed sensitive adults in terms of virus transmission ability. These results suggest that CCYV enhances the ability of imidacloprid-sensitive B. tabaci to resist adverse external factors (insecticides). In turn, B. tabaci resistance affects virus transmission. Thus, to a certain extent, the plant virus and insect vector establish a mutually beneficial relationship that facilitates virus transmission.
Suicidal ideations among students attending vocational school in Germany: a cross-sectional study to identify prevalence and associated risk factors
Authors: Lamlé Patricia , Keuch Lea , Pukas Lilith , Reinsch Juliane , Röder Heiko , Clausner Hanna , Watzke Stefan
Published: August 2022

Aim

Even though students attending vocational school are very vulnerable to the development of mental health problems, few studies identify the correlation between suicidal ideations and vocational education. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors for suicidal ideations among vocational students in Germany.

Methods

We conducted a cross sectional survey with a total of 555 pupils. The pupils received a standardized questionnaire, assessing sociodemographic data, the use of protective factors, possible risk factors, traits for neuroticism and depressive symptoms. For our study, we excluded item 9 from the Beck depression index (BDI-II) to identify the prevalence of suicidal ideation.

Results

Our results show that the prevalence of suicidal ideation among students attending vocational school is 23.2%. A combination of feeling lonely, male sex, low importance of religion, little time for hobbies and BMI scores outside the norm show the highest risk for suicidal ideation and can be identified as significant predictors.

Conclusion

This cross-sectional study highlights the mental burden vocational students in Germany are confronted with and underlines the necessity of paying special attention to this group of young adults. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of further studies on this topic, especially including larger student populations. The results should be used to decrease the significant loss of life caused by suicidal behavior in young adults.
Overview and introduction to development of non-ergodic earthquake ground-motion models
Authors: Lavrentiadis Grigorios , Abrahamson Norman A. , Nicolas Kuehn M. , Bozorgnia Yousef , Goulet Christine A. , Babič Anže , Macedo Jorge , Dolšek Matjaž , Gregor Nicholas , Kottke Albert R. , Lacour Maxime , Liu Chenying , Meng Xiaofeng , Phung Van-Bang , Sung Chih-Hsuan , Walling Melanie
Published: August 2022

This paper provides an overview and introduction to the development of non-ergodic ground-motion models, GMMs. It is intended for a reader who is familiar with the standard approach for developing ergodic GMMs. It starts with a brief summary of the development of ergodic GMMs and then describes different methods that are used in the development of non-ergodic GMMs with an emphasis on Gaussian process (GP) regression, as that is currently the method preferred by most researchers contributing to this special issue. Non-ergodic modeling requires the definition of locations for the source and site characterizing the systematic source and site effects; the non-ergodic domain is divided into cells for describing the systematic path effects. Modeling the cell-specific anelastic attenuation as a GP, and considerations on constraints for extrapolation of the non-ergodic GMMs are also discussed. An updated unifying notation for non-ergodic GMMs is also presented, which has been adopted by the authors of this issue.
One-Pot Production of 1,5-Pentanediol from Furfural Through Tailored Hydrotalcite-Based Catalysts
Authors: Barranca A. , Gandarias I. , Arias P. L. , Agirrezabal-Telleria I.
Published: August 2022

The one-pot production of a relevant chemical such as 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PDO) from sustainable sources (furfural) is a key reaction to compete with existing fossil sources. This work provides new evidence on the influence of the starting reagent, the features of layered double hydrotalcite (LDH)-derived catalysts in the form of mixed metal oxides (MMO) and of reaction conditions on the productivity of 1,5-PDO under batch conditions. Unlike reported studies, these results suggest the direct pathway through furfuryl alcohol intermediates, allowing the one-pot production from furfural at lower temperature than analogous systems. Productivity is maximized when Co2+ species partially substitute Mg2+ species in parent LDH, yielding promising pentanediol yields under mild reaction conditions. MMOs containing Co2+ sites show marked differences compared to analogous bivalent metals, which is here attributed to the position in which reaction intermediates such as furfuryl alcohol are adsorbed onto surface specie. This is consistent with characterized surface species by XRD, temperature programmed reduction under H2, and chemisorption experiments using CO or CO2 as probe molecules, indicative of a proper balance between metal and basic sites onto MMOs. The reported data aim to provide new reaction evidence to contribute into the search of sustainable 1,5-PDO sources.

Graphical Abstract
Green Synthesis of Bioactive Hydroxyapatite/Cellulose Composites from Food Industrial Wastes
Authors: Abdelraof Mohamed , Farag Mohammad M. , Al-Rashidy Zainab M. , Ahmed Hanaa Y. A. , El-Saied Houssni , Hasanin Mohamed S.
Published: August 2022

This work aimed at conversion of worthless indurtial wastes to valuable product. Herein, bioactive composites based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and eggshell or eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (HAp) were prepared by a green method using Gluconacetobacter xylinum bacteria. The effect of addition of eggshell (BC/Eg) and eggshell-derived HAp (BC/HAp-Eg) on the bacterial cellulose yield, biodegradation and biocompatibility was studied. For comparison, HAp derived from chemical precursors was synthesized (BC/HAp-ch). The resultant composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDX. Furthermore, the biodegradation and bioactivity were assessed in SBF, and the cell viability was studied against oral normal cells. The results showed that the productivity of BC applied HAp-derived eggshell (1.83 g/L) was higher than that of using (1.37 g/L). Interestingly, the eggshell was converted to Ca3(PO4)2 during incubation in the bacterial culture medium, while Ca3(PO4)2 was formed as a secondary phase when using either eggshell-derived HAp or chemically-derived. The in vitro bioactivity test in SBF showed that all composites were induced the formation of a bone-like apatite layer on their surface with Ca/P ratio, 1.49, 1.35, and 1.41 for BC/Eg, BC/HAp-ch, and BC/HAp-Eg, respectively, near to the ratio in the natural HAp. Finally, the in vitro cell viability test was confirmed good biocompatibility against the composites. However, at high sample concentration (250 µg/mL), BC/HA-Eg showed the higher cell viability (95.2%) than that of BC/Eg (80.5%) and BC/HA-ch (86.2%). In conclusion, eggshell waste could be used directly with bacterial cellulose to produce bioactive composites without the need to convert it to HAp which reduced the cost of production and thus has a higher economic return. Obiviously, eggshell waste can act as calcium, organic matter source, pH preservation, nuterilizing agent along with potential instead of costly buffering agent in the BC culture medium and further for increased the BC production.
Teachers’ beliefs about assessment and accountability
Authors: Tóth Edit , Csapó Benő
Published: August 2022

One of the main aims of national assessment programmes is to improve the efficacy of education systems; realizing this aim often takes the form of implementing a variety of accountability measures. Using assessment results for accountability purposes is highly controversial, while one of its undesirable impacts is that it generates negative attitudes towards educational assessments among teachers. The aim of this study is to examine lower and upper secondary teachers’ (N = 1552) opinions and beliefs about testing and, more specifically, about the national assessment programme in Hungary. A questionnaire was used to explore teachers’ beliefs about the effects of the assessment system on how they teach, perceived pressure from stakeholders, teachers’ acceptance of assessment programmes and the relationship between these beliefs. Results show that assessment programmes compel teachers to revise their teaching practices — some change to make meaningful gains in student learning, while others turn to practices that are not conducive to a genuine improvement in students’ knowledge, focussing instead on assessment scores. Pressure from inside the school (colleagues and school leaders) and teachers’ attitude towards assessments bring about changes in instruction, such as the reallocation of coaching and improvement in teaching. Sources of pressure outside school (local government and the media) have an indirect effect on changes in teaching because their pressure influences in-school motivators. Pressure from parents and students is felt directly by teachers, but only in limited areas. The results demonstrate that a national assessment programme has a more significant impact on teaching in lower than in upper secondary schools.
Deciphering the role of SPL12 and AGL6 from a genetic module that functions in nodulation and root regeneration in Medicago sativa
Authors: Nasrollahi Vida , Yuan Ze-Chun , Lu Qing Shi Mimmie , McDowell Tim , Kohalmi Susanne E. , Hannoufa Abdelali
Published: August 2022

Key message

Our results show that SPL12 plays a crucial role in regulating nodule development in Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa), and that AGL6 is targeted and downregulated by SPL12.

Root architecture in plants is critical because of its role in controlling nutrient cycling, water use efficiency and response to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The small RNA, microRNA156 (miR156), is highly conserved in plants, where it functions by silencing a group of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors. We previously showed that transgenic Medicago sativa (alfalfa) plants overexpressing miR156 display increased nodulation, improved nitrogen fixation and enhanced root regenerative capacity during vegetative propagation. In alfalfa, transcripts of eleven SPLs, including SPL12, are targeted for cleavage by miR156. In this study, we characterized the role of SPL12 in root architecture and nodulation by investigating the transcriptomic and phenotypic changes associated with altered transcript levels of SPL12, and by determining SPL12 regulatory targets using SPL12-silencing and –overexpressing alfalfa plants. Phenotypic analyses showed that silencing of SPL12 in alfalfa caused an increase in root regeneration, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation. In addition, AGL6 which encodes AGAMOUS-like MADS box transcription factor, was identified as being directly targeted for silencing by SPL12, based on Next Generation Sequencing-mediated transcriptome analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Taken together, our results suggest that SPL12 and AGL6 form a genetic module that regulates root development and nodulation in alfalfa.
Health-related quality of life of children born very preterm: a multinational European cohort study
Authors: Kim Sung Wook , Andronis Lazaros , Seppänen Anna-Veera , Aubert Adrien M. , Barros Henrique , Draper Elizabeth S. , Sentenac Mariane , Zeitlin Jennifer , Petrou Stavros ,   On Behalf of the SHIPS Research Group, Lebeer J. , Van Reempts P. , Bruneel E. , Cloet E. , Oostra A. , Ortibus E. , Sarrechia I. , Boerch K. , Pedersen P. , Toome L. , Varendi H. , Männamaa M. , Ancel P. Y. , Burguet A. , Jarreau P. H. , Pierrat V. , Truffert P. , Maier R. F. , Zemlin M. , Misselwitz B. , Wohlers L. , Cuttini M. , Croci I. , Carnielli V. , Ancora G. , Faldella G. , Ferrari F. , van Heijst A. , Koopman-Esseboom C. , Gadzinowski J. , Mazela J. , Montgomery A. , Pikuła T. , Barros H. , Costa R. , Rodrigues C. , Aden U. , Draper E. S. , Fenton A. , Johnson S. J. , Mader S. , Thiele N. , Pfeil J. M. , Petrou S. , Kim S. W. , Andronis L. , Zeitlin J. , Aubert A. M. , Bonnet C. , Rafei R. El , Seppänen A. V.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to (1) describe the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes experienced by children born very preterm (28–31 weeks’ gestation) and extremely preterm (< 28 weeks’ gestation) at five years of age and (2) explore the mediation effects of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and severe non-respiratory neonatal morbidity on those outcomes.

Methods

This investigation was based on data for 3687 children born at < 32 weeks’ gestation that contributed to the EPICE and SHIPS studies conducted in 19 regions across 11 European countries. Descriptive statistics and multi-level ordinary linear squares (OLS) regression were used to explore the association between perinatal and sociodemographic characteristics and PedsQL™ GCS scores. A mediation analysis that applied generalised structural equation modelling explored the association between potential mediators and PedsQL™ GCS scores.

Results

The multi-level OLS regression (fully adjusted model) revealed that birth at < 26 weeks’ gestation, BPD status and experience of severe non-respiratory morbidity were associated with mean decrements in the total PedsQL™ GCS score of 0.35, 3.71 and 5.87, respectively. The mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effects of BPD and severe non-respiratory morbidity on the total PedsQL™ GCS score translated into decrements of 1.73 and 17.56, respectively, at < 26 weeks’ gestation; 0.99 and 10.95, respectively, at 26–27 weeks’ gestation; and 0.34 and 4.80, respectively, at 28–29 weeks’ gestation (referent: birth at 30–31 weeks’ gestation).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that HRQoL is particularly impaired by extremely preterm birth and the concomitant complications of preterm birth such as BPD and severe non-respiratory morbidity.
Brain, cognitive, and physical disability correlates of decreased quality of life in patients with Huntington’s disease
Authors: Junca Estefanía , Pino Mariana , Santamaría-García Hernando , Baez Sandra
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Following a case–control design, as a primary objective, this study aimed to explore the relationship between quality of life (QoL) scores and gray matter (GM) volumes in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD). As a secondary objective, we assessed the relationship between QoL scores and other important behavioral, clinical and demographical variables in patients with HD and HD patients’ caregivers.

Methods

We recruited 75 participants (25 HD patients, 25 caregivers, and 25 controls) and assessed their QoL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Participants were also assessed with general cognitive functioning tests and clinical scales. In addition, we acquired MRI scans from all participants.

Results

Our results showed that patients exhibited significantly lower scores in all four QoL domains (physical health, psychological wellbeing, social relationships, and relationship with the environment) compared to caregivers and controls. Caregivers showed lower scores than controls in the physical health and the environmental domains. In HD patients, lower scores in QoL domains were associated with lower GM volumes, mainly in the precuneus and the cerebellum. Moreover, in HD patients, physical disability and GM volume reduction were significant predictors of QoL decrease in all domains. For caregivers, years of formal education was the most important predictor of QoL.

Conclusions

HD patients exhibit greater GM volume loss as well as lower QoL scores compared to caregivers and controls. However, caregivers displayed lower scores in QoL scores than controls, with years of education being a significant predictor. Our results reflect a first attempt to investigate the relationships among QoL, GM volumes, and other important factors in an HD and HD caregiver sample.
Modulation of osteoblast differentiation and function by the P2X4 receptor
Authors: Orriss Isabel R. , Davies Bethan K. , Bourne Lucie E. , Arnett Timothy R.
Published: August 2022

Bone cells are known to express multiple P2 receptor subtypes, and the functional effects of receptor activation have been described for many of these. One exception is the P2X4 receptor, which despite strong expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, has no defined functional activity. This study used the selective P2X4 receptor antagonists, 5-BDBD and PSB-12062, to investigate the role of this receptor in bone. Both antagonists (≥ 0.1 μM) dose-dependently decreased bone formation by 60–100%. This was accompanied by a ≤ 70% decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity, a ≤ 40% reduction in cell number, and a ≤ 80% increase in the number of adipocytes present in the culture. The analysis of gene expression showed that levels of osteoblast marker genes (e.g. Alpl, Bglap) were decreased in 5-BDBD treated cells. Conversely, expression of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARG was increased 10-fold. In osteoclasts, high doses of both antagonists were associated with a reduction in osteoclast formation and resorptive activity by ≤ 95% and ≤ 90%, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that the P2X4 receptor plays a role in modulating bone cell function. In particular, it appears to influence osteoblast differentiation favouring the osteogenic lineage over the adipogenic lineage.
The running performance of elite ladies Gaelic football with respect to position and halves of play
Authors: Malone Shane , McGuinness Aideen , Duggan John David , Murphy Amy , Collins Kieran , O’Connor Cliodhna
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The current investigation aimed to examine the running performance of elite Ladies Gaelic football (LGF) match-play and establish the within game positional profile, in addition to the running performance of players across halves of play.

Methods

GPS technology was used to examine the running performance of thirty-three (n = 33) elite LGF players (age; 23 ± 5 years, height; 173 ± 5 cm, body mass; 63 ± 4 kg). Across the duration of the observational period, one hundred and thirty-one (n = 131) individual samples were collected over 15 competitive matches. Data were classified based on positional line and across halves of play. Running performance was determined across the following performance variables of total distance covered (m) (TD), relative distance (m·min−1), HSR (≥ 4.4 m·s−1), RHSR (HSR; m·min−1), percentage HSR (% HSR), VHSR (≥ 5.5 m·s−1), peak velocity (m s−1), percentage peak velocity (% PeakV), accelerations (n; ≥ 3 m·s−2) and decelerations (n; ≤ − 3 m·s−2),

Results

Independent of position the mean distance covered during match play was 7319 ± 1021 m which equates to a relative work rate of 116 ± 9 m·min−1. The high-speed distance of players was 1547 ± 432 m, which equates to a relative high-speed running distance of 25 ± 11 m·min−1. The maximal velocity of players was 7.17 ± 0.41 m·s−1 reflective of a relative maximal velocity of 86 ± 4 percent. The greatest distances were covered by half-backs, midfielders, and half-forwards, with these positions covering significantly greater distances than full-backs (p ≤ 0.05; ES: 0.59–1.25; small-moderate) and full-forwards (p ≤ 0.05; ES: 0.44–1.21; small-moderate). While TD and maximal velocity was shown not to change across halves of play, significant reductions (p ≤ 0.05) were observed across HSR (ES: 0.64–1.02; moderate), accelerations and decelerations (ES: 0.59–1.20; moderate).

Conclusion

The current investigation is the first of its kind within elite LGF, the data within the investigation can aid the coaching process by allowing for the development of sport-specific training regimen specific to the positional needs of elite LGF players.
Temporal trend of diarrhea morbidity rate with climate change: Egypt as a case study
Authors: Saad-Hussein Amal , Helmy Mona Adel , Ellaithy Lamia Samir , Wheida Ali , El Nazer Mostafa , Alfaro Stephane C. , Siour Guillaume , Borbon Agnes , Abdel Wahab Mohamed Magdy , Mostafa Amira N.
Published: August 2022

Many studies have detected a relationship between diarrhea morbidity rates with the changes in precipitation, temperature, floods, droughts, water shortage, etc. But, most of the authors were cautious in their studies, because of the lack of empirical climate-health data and there were large uncertainties in the future projections. The study aimed to refine the link between the morbidity rates of diarrhea in some Egyptian governorates representative of the three Egyptian geographical divisions with the meteorological changes that occurred in the 2006–2016 period for which the medical data are available, as a case study. Medical raw data was collected from the Information Centre Department of the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population. The meteorological data of temperature and precipitation extremes were defined as data outside the 10th–90th percentile range of values of the period of study, and their analysis was done using a methodology similar to the one recommended by the WMO and integrated in the CLIMDEX software. Relationships between the morbidity rates of diarrhea in seven Egyptian governorates and the meteorological changes that occurred in the period 2006 to 2016 were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to identify the most effective meteorological factor that affects the trend of morbidity rate of diarrhea in each governorate. Statistical analysis revealed that some meteorological parameters can be used as predictors for morbidity rates of diarrhea in Cairo, Alexandria, and Gharbia, but not in Aswan, Behaira, and Dakahlia where the temporal evolution cannot be related with meteorology. In Red Sea, there was no temporal trend and no significant relationships between the diarrhea morbidity rate and meteorological parameters. The predictor meteorological parameters for morbidity rates of diarrhea were found to be depending on the geographic locations and infrastructures in these governorates. It was concluded that the meteorological data that can be used as predictors for the morbidity rate of diarrhea is depending on the geographical location and infrastructures of the target location. The socioeconomic levels as well as the infrastructures in the governorate must be considered confounders in future studies.
Time trends and persistence in PM2.5 in 20 megacities: evidence for the time period 2018–2020
Authors: Bermejo Lorenzo , Gil-Alana Luis A. , del Río Marta
Published: August 2022

The degree of persistence in daily data for PM2.5 in 20 relevant megacities such as Bangkok, Beijing, Mumbai, Calcutta, Canton, Dhaka, Delhi, Jakarta, London, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Moscow, New York, Osaka. Paris, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Shanghai, Tientsin, and Tokyo is examined in this work. The analysis developed is based on fractional integration techniques. Specifically, the differentiation parameter is used to measure the degree of persistence in the series under study, which collects data on daily measurements carried out from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. The results obtained show that the estimated values for the differentiation parameter are restricted to the interval (0, 1) in all cases, which allows us to conclude that there is a mean reverting pattern and, therefore, transitory effects of shocks.
Not Too Much, Not Too Often, and Not Too Many: the Results of the First Large-Scale, International Project to Develop Lower-Risk Gambling Guidelines
Authors: Young Matthew M. , Hodgins David C. , Currie Shawn R. , Brunelle Natacha , Dufour Magali , Flores-Pajot Marie-Claire , Nadeau Louise
Published: August 2022

Until now, there has been no evidence-based, specific advice for people who gamble who want to reduce their risk of experiencing gambling harms. This paper presents the results from the first large-scale, comprehensive, international project to develop lower-risk gambling guidelines. Specifically, we calculated relative risk estimates to determine risk of harm across the range of possible limits for gambling frequency, expenditure, and number of types of gambling engaged in; conducted an online survey (n = 4583) of people who gamble to assess whether they understood and found credible the proposed quantitative limits; conducted a series of interviews and focus groups with people who gamble to assess self-control strategies and reactions to proposed quantitative limits; conducted a meta-analysis of problem gambling risk factors in the general population; and consulted with a pan-Canadian, multi-sectoral committee of stakeholders. Project outcomes were examined and deliberated by a working group of scientists who decided upon a set of recommendations for lower-risk gambling. This paper presents these recommendations.
Automated quantification of cartilage quality for hip treatment decision support
Authors: Ruckli Adrian C. , Schmaranzer Florian , Meier Malin K. , Lerch Till D. , Steppacher Simon D. , Tannast Moritz , Zeng Guodong , Burger Jürgen , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Gerber Nicolas , Gerber Kate
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Preservation surgery can halt the progress of joint degradation, preserving the life of the hip; however, outcome depends on the existing cartilage quality. Biochemical analysis of the hip cartilage utilizing MRI sequences such as delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC), in addition to morphological analysis, can be used to detect early signs of cartilage degradation. However, a complete, accurate 3D analysis of the cartilage regions and layers is currently not possible due to a lack of diagnostic tools.

Methods

A system for the efficient automatic parametrization of the 3D hip cartilage was developed. 2D U-nets were trained on manually annotated dual-flip angle (DFA) dGEMRIC for femoral head localization and cartilage segmentation. A fully automated cartilage sectioning pipeline for analysis of central and peripheral regions, femoral-acetabular layers, and a variable number of section slices, was developed along with functionality for the automatic calculation of dGEMRIC index, thickness, surface area, and volume.

Results

The trained networks locate the femoral head and segment the cartilage with a Dice similarity coefficient of 88 ± 3 and 83 ± 4% on DFA and magnetization-prepared 2 rapid gradient-echo (MP2RAGE) dGEMRIC, respectively. A completely automatic cartilage analysis was performed in 18s, and no significant difference for average dGEMRIC index, volume, surface area, and thickness calculated on manual and automatic segmentation was observed.

Conclusion

An application for the 3D analysis of hip cartilage was developed for the automated detection of subtle morphological and biochemical signs of cartilage degradation in prognostic studies and clinical diagnosis. The segmentation network achieved a 4-time increase in processing speed without loss of segmentation accuracy on both normal and deformed anatomy, enabling accurate parametrization. Retraining of the networks with the promising MP2RAGE protocol would enable analysis without the need for B1 inhomogeneity correction in the future.
Linesearch Newton-CG methods for convex optimization with noise
Authors: Bellavia S. , Fabrizi E. , Morini B.
Published: August 2022

This paper studies the numerical solution of strictly convex unconstrained optimization problems by linesearch Newton-CG methods. We focus on methods employing inexact evaluations of the objective function and inexact and possibly random gradient and Hessian estimates. The derivative estimates are not required to satisfy suitable accuracy requirements at each iteration but with sufficiently high probability. Concerning the evaluation of the objective function we first assume that the noise in the objective function evaluations is bounded in absolute value. Then, we analyze the case where the error satisfies prescribed dynamic accuracy requirements. We provide for both cases a complexity analysis and derive expected iteration complexity bounds. We finally focus on the specific case of finite-sum minimization which is typical of machine learning applications.
Imitating the Human. New Human–Machine Interactions in Social Robots
Authors: Seifert Johanna , Friedrich Orsolya , Schleidgen Sebastian
Published: August 2022

Social robots are designed to perform intelligent, emotional, and autonomous behavior in order to establish intimate relationships with humans, for instance, in the context of elderly care. However, the imitation of qualities usually assumed to be necessary for human reciprocal interaction may impact our understanding of social interaction. Against this background, we compare the technical operations based on which social robots imitate human-like behavior with the concepts of emotionality, intelligence, and autonomy as usually attached to humans. In doing so, we aim at making a conceptual contribution to the intuition that the technical imitation of emotional, intelligent, and autonomous behavior differs qualitatively from human forms of emotionality, intelligence, and autonomy. We conclude that the increasing tendency of social robots to imitate human characteristics and the thus increased human tendency of anthropomorphizing technical systems put forth new forms of human–machine interactions (HMI) that call for a critical examination. Thus, the emerging forms of interaction may lead, for instance, to false, reinforced, and perplexing assumptions regarding reciprocity. Therefore, studies are needed that critically examine the potential consequences and psychological effects that may be associated with the use of social robots, especially with regard to vulnerable groups such as children or the elderly.
A longitudinal analysis of factors associated with age-related cataract among older Australian women: a cohort study of 7851 older Australian women 79–90 years
Authors: Hambisa Mitiku Teshome , Dolja-Gore Xenia , Byles Julie E.
Published: August 2022

Background

Age-related cataracts are a significant global health issue due to population ageing. More than 70% of older Australians aged 80 or above have clinically significant age-related cataracts.

Aim

The study aimed to identify factors associated with age-related cataracts among older Australian women 79–90 years.

Method

A 6-year longitudinal analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) was conducted on 7117 women from surveys four to six. The women were asked whether they had been diagnosed or treated for cataracts 3 years before each survey. We used generalised estimating equation (GEE) modelling to identify factors independently associated with age-related cataracts.

Results

At baseline (79–84 years), 44.8% lived in metropolitan Australia, 67.9% had good general health, 26.5% had private health insurance, 30.6% had cataracts, 28.8% had undergone cataract surgery, 12.0% had diabetes, 24.9% had skin cancer, 56.2% had hypertension, 24.0% had a history of falls, 63.0% had visited general practitioner (GP) frequently, and 48.8% were driving themselves as their main means of transport. In the final model, poor general health [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.33)], not driving (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.18), having private health insurance (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.23), frequent GP visits (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.25), skin cancer (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.37), hypertension (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.21), and fall (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.22) were significantly associated with the age-related cataracts.

Conclusions

Systemic diseases, poor quality of life,driving cessation, and health service use were significantly associated with age-related cataracts in older women.
4.0 technologies in city logistics: an empirical investigation of contextual factors
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Mangano Giulio , Cagliano Anna Corinna , De Marco Alberto
Published: August 2022

Industry 4.0 technologies, originally developed in the manufacturing sector, can be purposefully implemented to improve City Logistics (CL) processes by automatizing some of their operational tasks and enabling real-time exchange of information, with the ultimate goal of providing better interconnection among the actors involved. This work aims to identify the main social and economic contextual drivers for investing in the application of Industry 4.0 technologies to urban logistics. To this end, a dataset based on the primary collection of 105 CL projects exploiting the main 4.0 technologies has been built. After that, a regression model has been completed including potential economic, strategic, and demographic determinants of investments in CL 4.0. According to the obtained outcomes, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investments, Research and Development Expenditure, Employment Rate, and Number of Inhabitants are significant contextual factors for the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in last mile logistics. The study might support academicians to investigate novel application fields of Industry 4.0 technologies. Also, it can serve as a roadmap for orienting the investments of private organizations and public entities to promote CL innovation and digitalization. Moreover, Industry 4.0 technology providers might find this study interesting to uncover prospective business sectors and markets. Future research efforts will analyse the impacts of internal business factors on CL 4.0 and the satisfaction levels of urban logistics stakeholders.
Cryptic subterranean diversity: regional phylogeography of the sand termite Psammotermes allocerus Silvestri, 1908 in the wider Namib region
Authors: Gunter Felicitas , Oldeland Jens , Picker Mike D. , Henschel Joh R. , Jürgens Norbert
Published: August 2022

Psammotermes allocerus Silvestri, 1908 is the only described species representing the genus Psammotermes Desneux, 1902 in Southern Africa. The large geographical range of this subterranean termite covers both summer and winter rainfall regimes. Deadwood is the preferred food when available, but in more arid habitats, both live and dead grasses form the major dietary component. Along the Namib Desert margins, the species’ localised herbivory creates circular bare patches known as fairy circles. For a regional phylogeographic study of this species, we sampled 65 sand termite populations within drier parts of Namibia, South Africa, and Angola. Based on combined molecular and ecological data, we found considerable genetic diversification within P. allocerus. Analyses of two mitochondrial markers (COI, COII), including a Bayesian inference tree, haplotype analysis and genetic distances suggest a delineation into seven highly differentiated genetic groups. The ‘Succulent Karoo’ group is additionally characterised by unique features of the royal chamber, nest and tunnel system. In conclusion, our data suggest that P. allocerus should be not regarded as one species but as a species complex. Termites of each analysed group ‘Northern Namib’, ‘Western Kalahari Basin’, ‘Nama’, ‘Southwestern Kalahari’, ‘East Gariep’, ‘Southern Namib’ and ‘Succulent Karoo’ should be considered as distinct species. The species name P. allocerus should be used for termites of the ‘Succulent Karoo’.
Evidence-based Risk Assessment of Ecological Damage due to Groundwater Abstraction; the Case of Doñana Natural Space, Spain
Authors: Acreman Michael , Casier Robbert , Salathe Tobias
Published: August 2022

Many regions of the world are facing mounting water stress as competition increases for this vital resource that may become scarcer under future climates. More water is being allocated to our needs for food, public supply, hydro-electric power and industrial goods to support growing populations and mounting life-style expectations. To achieve this, less water is often being retained for water-dependent ecosystems. Environmental protection agencies and conservation organisations have highlighted the resulting threat to freshwater biodiversity and associated ecosystem services that support human livelihoods and well-being. Careful assessments are therefore required to advise on the optimum allocation of water and to determine the risk of developments that require redistribution of water resources.

Along the northern fringes of the Guadalquivir River delta and estuary in southern Spain about 40% of all jobs derive from agriculture. The production of olives, fruit trees, rice and berries is a major component of the local economy producing large exports, but it requires significant water from local rivers and the underlying aquifers. The economy is also reliant on tourism that brings many thousands of people to the area in the summer for which groundwater abstraction is augmented. The delta is the location of the Doñana wetland complex of lagoons, marshlands, fixed and mobile dunes that was designated as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1980, as wetland of international importance (Ramsar Site) under the Convention on Wetlands in 1982 and as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994. Fears have been expressed that increasing human water use is putting the wetlands at risk of drying out, despite efforts by the river basin authority to limit abstraction to sustainable levels.

This paper reports on a methodology that analyses best available eco-hydrological scientific knowledge together with information on the likely success of abstraction control measures to determine the risk to the wetland ecosystem of current and future planned water allocation. The method was applied to Doñana by the joint UNESCO/IUCN/Ramsar Reactive Monitoring mission to in 2020. The results are also provided in the paper, which raised many important scientific and related political, legal and social issues concerning the impacts of water withdrawals on the ecology of the wetlands. The methodology has wide application to environmental water allocation assessments.