bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Depression Experience Among Jordanian Mother With Hospitalized Infant in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Incidence and Associated Factors
Authors: Maabreh Roqia , Al Maghaireh Dua’a
Published: April 2019

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a global mental health problem that affects about 13% to 19% of mothers who have recent given birth. This problem increases if the infant is admitted to the intensive care unit (NICU). The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among mothers with hospitalized infant on NICU and to explore mothers experience after admitting their infants to the NICU. A varied methods research design were undertaken in two hospitals in Jordan. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to survey 188 Jordanian mothers with infants in the NICU, it deals with semi-structured in-depth interviews to identify the themes that characterize mothers PPD experience in the NICU. The quantitative results of this study showed that the mothers with hospitalized infant in NICU experienced high level of PPD with the mean score was 20.81 (SD = 4.92). With regard to qualitative results, two major themes with nine subthemes : the first one is Postpartum Depression Experience and the second theme was sources that influence postpartum depression.

In conclusion, the mothers with hospitalized infant in NICU experience PPD. the PPD mothers experience many manifestations during this situation such as : shock, surprise, crying, Anhedonia,hopelessness and thinking about harming themselves or their babies after admission of their infants to the NICU, Also there are many sources that influence postpartum depression such as baby gender, lack of knowledge, social support, mother role, mother infant attachment, stigma and shame.
Practice and Attitudes of Physicians Regarding Disclosure of Information to Patients With Serious Illness
Authors: Jassim Ghufran , Alakri Alaa , Alsayegh Rawaa , Misselbrook David
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Health Information disclosure is the cornerstone in respecting the patients’ autonomy and beneficence, particularly in the context of serious illness. Some Middle Eastern cultures prioritise beneficence over patient autonomy. This may be used as a justification when patient’s family takes over the decision-making process. Although guidelines and protocols regarding information disclosure are fast evolving, there are no sufficient data regarding the application of these guidelines in the clinical context. The objective of this study is to explore the truth disclosure practices of physicians in Bahrain.

METHOD: In this cross sectional study, a random sample of 234 physicians was obtained from the database of Salmaniya Medical Complex (the largest public hospital in Bahrain). We used self-administered 21-item questionnaire to assess the practices and attitudes of physicians regarding disclosure of information to patients with serious illnesses.

RESULTS: A total of 200 physicians completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 69.6%. The question about the usual policy of disclosure revealed that 62.5% (125) of the doctors would always disclose the diagnosis to the patients, 26% (52) would often disclose the diagnosis and only 1% would never disclose the real diagnosis to a competent adult. Only 15% of the physicians would never make exceptions to their policy of “telling the patient” while all remaining physicians (85%) made exceptions to their policy either often, occasionally or rarely. The most common reason for not disclosing the diagnosis was family request (39.5%). About 64.5% of the physicians were not aware of any existing protocol or policy for diagnosis disclosure to patients. There was no statistically significant association between doctors’ policy of disclosure and other demographic variables.

CONCLUSION: Most physicians opt to disclose the truth; however, the majority would make exceptions at some point particularly upon family request. Regional truth disclosure policies should take into consideration the interplay and balance between patient autonomy and the role played by the family in the decision-making process.
Risico’s op witwassen via virtuele valuta in Nederland geregeld?
Authors: de Zeeuw L.M. , Bastiaan R.
Published: April 2019

Risico’s op witwassen via virtuele valuta in Nederland geregeld?

Door het Europees Parlement en de Raad van de Europese Unie is nieuwe wetgeving aangenomen om witwassen en terrorismefinanciering te voorkomen ten aanzien van wisselplatforms voor virtuele valuta en aanbieders van bewaarportemonnees. De afspraken maken deel uit van een grotere set aan maatregelen tegen financiële criminaliteit en belastingontduiking.

In dit artikel wordt besproken in hoeverre het risico op witwassen via virtuele valuta in Nederland adequaat wordt beheerst en of de aangenomen maatregelen van de EU hiervoor voldoende zijn.
Verkoop van schadelijke waren
Authors: Gerrits H.J.
Published: April 2019

Verkoop van schadelijke waren De ‘toepassing’ van artikel 174 Wetboek van Strafrecht

De verkoop van schadelijke waren. Wanneer kan worden gesproken van schadelijkheid als bedoeld in 174 Sr en hoe moet het bestanddeel opzet worden gezien bij dit misdrijf? Vanaf het begin van de 21e eeuw lijkt de rechtspraak in ieder geval steeds meer in lijn te komen met de oorspronkelijke bedoeling van de wetgever. Dit gebeurt door van algemene bekendheid te verklaren wat schadelijk is voor het leven en de gezondheid. De door de wetgever beoogde bescherming van niet-deskundige consumenten tegen behendige handelaren komt verder tot uitdrukking in een ruim toepassingsbereik zoals ontwikkeld in de rechtspraak.
Rechterlijke toetsing van hoge transacties en ontnemingsschikkingen
Authors: Sikkema E. , de Zanger W.S.
Published: April 2019

Rechterlijke toetsing van hoge transacties en ontnemingsschikkingen

Recentelijk heeft de minister van Justitie en Veiligheid zijn plannen gepresenteerd om de wettelijke regeling van de buitengerechtelijke afdoening aan te passen. De hoge transactie zal een eigen regeling krijgen in het gemoderniseerde Wetboek van Strafvordering. Daaraan zal een rechtelijke toets worden verbonden, die tevens zal gelden voor ontnemingsschikkingen. Auteurs schetsen de wetenschappelijke en maatschappelijke context en de voorgeschiedenis van deze voorstellen. Zij werpen tevens enkele kritische vragen op over de toekomstige regeling van de hoge transactie, mede in relatie tot de strafbeschikking en de ontnemingsschikking.
Hoe achtergehouden informatie door feitelijk leidinggevers Imtech mede noodlottig werd
Authors: Haentjens R.C.P.
Published: April 2019

Hoe achtergehouden informatie door feitelijk leidinggevers Imtech mede noodlottig werd

De AFM legt de CEO en CFO van Imtech relatief hoge boetes op ter zake van achterhouden van (financiële) informatie omtrent een project in Polen. Doordat I.’s contractpartij over dit project een persbericht naar buiten brengt, moest Imtech dit ook doen. Pas dan weten beleggers over de financiële situatie iets meer, maar nog niet alles; het negatieve nieuws wordt achtergehouden. Die schijn wordt opgehouden door de volgende kwartaalverslagen en persberichten. Daardoor blijft de koers niet de financiële werkelijkheid weerspiegelen, waardoor sprake is van koersmanipulatie. De Rechtbank Rotterdam vernietigt de boetebesluiten van de AFM. In hoger beroep worden de beslissingen van de rechtbank vernietigd en de boetes van de AFM grotendeels gehandhaafd. De juridische vraag is: wanneer is de informatie zodanig concreet en precies dat zij moet worden geopenbaard?
Responses of plant species to different aboveground removal treatments with implications for vegetation restoration in the Mu Us Sandland (Inner Mongolia)
Authors: Li Heyi , Yi Sangui , Lai Liming , Zhou Jihua , Sun Qinglin , Jiang Lianhe , Gao Yong , An Ping , Shimizu Hideyuki , Zheng Yuanrun
Published: April 2019

It is generally assumed that plants can respond to varying degrees of physical damage by growth compensation via resprouting, and resprouting is a key functional trait in many species. Few studies have investigated how grass and shrub species distributed in moving dunes and semifixed dunes in semiarid areas respond to the combined effects of temperature and shoot removal. Medicago sativa, Artemisia ordosica, and Artemisia sphaerocephala plants were grown in a glasshouse for 8 weeks at air temperatures of 10/20°C, 12.5/22.5°C, 15/25°C, and 17.5/27.5°C (night/day) and were subjected to treatments of removing all leaves (LR), removing all leaves followed by cutting at half the plant height (HC), and removing all aboveground tissue (WC). The species, temperature, and damage extent had significant effects on the shoot number, leaf mass ratio, leaf area ratio and ratio of belowground to aboveground dry matter, and the species had a significant effect on the net assimilation rate, specific leaf area, and total biomass. The three species grew well under the HC and LR treatments, and high temperatures (15/25°C and 17.5/27.5°C) significantly promoted the regrowth of the three species. Medicago sativa grew faster than the two Artemisia species. Medicago sativa can be used for fertilizing or vegetation restoration in unimportant conservation areas, and the two Artemisia species can be effectively used for vegetation restoration in the Mu Us Sandland. Due to the low labor costs and the local climate conditions, plants should be clipped before the beginning of the main growing season (end of May or early June) to ensure rapid growth.
Phytochemical screening of Pulsatilla species and investigation of their biological activities
Authors: Łaska Grażyna , Sienkiewicz Aneta , Stocki Marcin , Zjawiony Jordan K. , Sharma Vimal , Bajguz Andrzej , Piotrowska-Niczyporuk Alicja , Jacob Melissa , Khan Shabana
Published: April 2019

The present study aimed to identify biologically active secondary metabolites from the rare plant species, Pulsatilla patens subsp. patens and the cultivated P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris. Chromatographic fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the roots of P. patens subsp. patens resulted in the isolation of two oleanane-type glycosides identified as hederagenin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2.7 mg) and hederagenin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3.3 mg, patensin). HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract of the crude root of P. patens subsp. patens and P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris revealed the presence of Pulsatilla saponin D (hederagenin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-l-arabinopyranoside). Chromatographic analysis using GC-MS of the silylated methanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of these species identified the presence of carboxylic acids, such as benzoic, caffeic, malic, and succinic acids. The extracts from Pulsatilla species were tested for their antifungal, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activities, and cytotoxicity to mammalian cell lines. Both P. patens subsp. patens and P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris were active against the fungus Candida glabrata with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 9.37 µg/mL and 11 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for cytotoxicity evaluation were in the range of 32–38 μg/mL for P. patens subsp. patens and 35–57 μg/mL for P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris for each cell line, indicating general cytotoxic activity throughout the panel of evaluated cancer and noncancer cells.
Genetic differentiation of Allium sibiricum L. populations in Poland based on their morphological and molecular markers
Authors: Urbaniak Jacek , Kwiatkowski Paweł , Kozak Bartosz
Published: April 2019

Allium sibiricum is one of the rarest plant species in the Sudetes and Carpathians. Inter simple sequence repeat DNA (ISSR) and morphological analyses were conducted to study the biogeographical relationships between geographically disjunctive populations of A. sibiricum in the Carpathians and Sudetes. The results clearly differentiated the Carpathian and Sudetes populations, but also showed a relatively high level of genetic similarity in specimens within certain groups of the Sudetes and Carpathian populations. The plants collected in the Karkonosze probably belong to a mountain form of A. schoenoprasum morphotype C which inhabits natural sites there. In contrast, the study found morphologically and genetically different plants inhabiting Pilsko Mt in the Carpathians. The plants from the Carpathians were present in scattered sites probably due to the activity of Vlach shepherds and the formation of large pastures. The species enlarged its local range due to this type of anthropopressure and likely hybridized with the cultivated Allium plants introduced by the shepherds. This may indicate that the populations on Pilsko Mt are of a partly anthropogenic character.
Auditors in the Japanese model of corporate governance
Authors: Jerzemowska Magdalena
Published: April 2019

Japanese auditors have a unique position and power that varies depending on the governance structure
chosen by corporations. In Japan, large corporations can have one of three governance structures: a board
of statutory auditors that cooperates with the board of directors, a board of directors that has three committees
(audit, nomination and remuneration) and a board of directors with a supervisory committee. The
research problem assessed in this paper is how the relative position, power and obligations of auditors varies in each of the three corporate governance structures, taking account of the hierarchical nature of corporate culture in Japan. The paper begins by explaining how the introduction of new laws led to auditors acquiring specialist qualifications and playing a more important role in corporations. It then analyses the provisions of relevant legal acts and the literature on Japanese corporate governance and auditors. The position and power of auditors in each structure is assessed, and attention is paid to the difficulties encoun-tered by the adoption of U.S.-style regulations in this area. The comparative analysis shows that in each of these structures there has been a strengthening of the status of auditors, which has increased their influence. The paper contributes to a reduction of the cognitive gap existing in the Polish literature concerning Japa-nese auditors.
Key research issues – a new element in auditor reporting
Authors: Kutera Małgorzata
Published: April 2019

Significant changes are being made to the way independent auditors report audit results. They are
generally oriented towards the broader context in which the auditors worked to analyse their conclusions
more effectively. What is particularly interesting in this context is the auditor's duty to present Key Audit
Matters (KAMs) concerning areas of the highest risk. In light of the above, the purpose of this article is to
present the extent to which changes have been implemented in independent auditors' reports from the
audits of the financial statements of the largest companies on the Polish market and to identify both the
key audit matters as well as the verification procedures applied by auditors. Auditors' opinions from the
audits of consolidated financial statements of the 30 largest companies listed on the main market of the
Warsaw Stock Exchange for the years 2014–2016 were analysed in detail. The total sample comprised 90 opinions. The research methodology consisted mainly of case studies, with deductive and inductive reasoning used to formulate conclusions based on the analysis and synthesis method. The results of this research indicate that some independent auditors have been implementing new elements of reporting on a current basis. An analysis of the contents of their opinions has shown that the auditors mainly include the estimates of asset impairment, the recognition of sales, the disclosure of claims, disputed matters and con-tingent liabilities as well as accounting for deferred income tax assets in Key Audit Matters. Auditors also give quite detailed reasons for selecting the specific KAM and the verification techniques used.
The influence of culture on disclosures in financial statements prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards
Authors: Gierusz Jerzy , Koleśnik Katarzyna
Published: April 2019

The primary objective of this article is to investigate the impact of culture (as measured by Hofstede) on disclosures in financial statements prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by firms from different countries. The sample comprises 2011−2013 consolidated financial statements of stock companies (excluding banks, insurance, and other financial institutions) from four countries repre- senting different cultural areas: the United Kingdom (Anglo), Germany (Germanic), Poland (Central Eastern Europe; CEE) and Kuwait (Arab). The research material came from 312 annual consolidated financial statements from 104 companies. The results reveal that cultural values have a significant impact on financial disclosures even after the use of IFRS. The paper is one of the few comparative studies attempting to assess the effects of culture on financial disclosures in Western Europe countries, CEE countries and Arab countries. Most of the international comparative studies in this research area have neglected CEE and Arab countries.
Recenzja serii monografii „70-lecie Katedry Rachunkowości Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego”
Authors: Hońko Stanisław
Published: April 2019

W 2018 roku Katedra Rachunkowości Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego świętowała 70-lecie istnienia. Siedem dekad aktywności Katedry znalazło symboliczne odzwierciedlenie w siedmiu monografiach. Ich tematyka odpowiada aktualnym obszarom badawczym pracowników Katedry. Warto podkreślić, że do współpracy zostali zaproszeni wybitni naukowcy zagraniczni (profesorowie: David Alexander z Wielkiej Brytanii i Stephen A. Zeff z USA) oraz autorzy z polskich ośrodków nauki rachunkowości (Gdańsk, Kraków, Poznań, Szczecin, Warszawa). Świadczy to o rozległych kontaktach naukowych Katedry i o otwartości na współpracę z innymi uczelniami.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND RESISTANCE TO ABRASIVE AND CORROSIVE WEAR OF A CHROMOSILICONIZED LAYER ON C45 STEEL SUBSTRATE
Authors: BAUER Iwona
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the results of investigation of the microstructure and resistance to the abrasive and corrosive wear of a chromosiliconized layer on C45 steel substrate. The chromosiliconizing process was carried out at 1000°C for 6 hours by the powder pack method. Microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the layer as well as surface roughness, thickness, and hardness measurements were carried out. Tribocorrosion tests were conducted with the use of a wear tester composed of three rollers and a cone. The frictional resistance of a chromosiliconized layer was investigated under exposure to a corrosive medium of an aqueous suspension of quartz sand. Chromosiliconizing of C45 steel influenced the resistance to wear of the layers during friction processes in the abrasive and corrosive environment.
Ocena zabiegu utrwalania malowideł ściennych na podstawie badań właściwości mechanicznych warstw malarskich
Authors: Białek-Kostecka Dorota , Forczek-Sajdak Anna , Kaszowska Zofia , Kot Marcin , Wojucki Michał
Published: April 2019

Artykuł opisuje jeden z podstawowych zabiegów konserwatorskich, tj. utrwalanie malowideł ściennych, zwane również konsolidacją warstw malarskich. W polskiej praktyce konserwatorskiej zabieg wykonywany niemal rutynowo przy użyciu różnych środków klejących. Prawie trzy czwarte z przeanalizowanych przypadków dotyczy zastosowania żywic syntetycznych w postaci roztworów o niskich stężeniach lub dyspersji. Przeprowadzono badania mające na celu określenie ich wpływu na istotne właściwości mechaniczne warstwy malarskiej takie jak: twardość, moduł Younga, kohezja, adhezja do podłoża, a także ścieralność. Zastosowano nowoczesne techniki mikroindentacji instrumentalnej oraz tradycyjną metodę przecierania powłoki za pomocą strumienia materiału ściernego. Do badań wytypowano trzy techniki malarskie powszechne wśród zabytkowych malowideł ściennych w Polsce: wapienną, kazeiny wapiennej i klejową, a także pięć gotowych preparatów, najczęściej wykorzystywanych przez polskie środowisko konserwatorskie w 2 poł. XX w.
Mikrostruktura kompozytowej powłoki powstałej z natapiania próżniowego mieszaniny proszków Cu i SiC
Authors: Kondej Adam , Babul Tomasz
Published: April 2019

Praca opisuje badania mikrostruktury kompozytowej powłoki Cu-SiC-G powstałej w procesie natapiania w piecu próżniowym mieszaniny proszków miedzi (Cu) i węglika krzemu (SiC) na podłoże stalowe. Zastosowana mieszanina proszków stanowi materiał odpadowy pochodzący z procesu wytwarzania struktur węglowych, w tym grafenu (G), na proszkach miedzi, opracowanego w Instytucie Mechaniki Precyzyjnej. Na powierzchni powłoki Cu-SiC-G występują licznie ziarna SiC o nieregularnych, ostrych krawędziach, stanowiące fazę umacniającą metaliczną osnowę. W wyniku działania wysokiej temperatury (do 1110°C) część SiC w kontakcie z Cu ulega termicznemu rozkładowi. Zdysocjowany Si i C dyfunduje w kierunku podłoża, które z kolei jest źródłem Fe i Cr, dyfundującego w kierunku powłoki. Między powłoką a podłożem tworzy się warstwa przejściowa. Na podstawie danych literaturowych oraz wyników przeprowadzonych badań można wnioskować, że w natapianej powłoce i warstwie przejściowej oprócz Cu, SiC i związków typu CuxSiy mogą tworzyć się związki typu FexCy oraz CrxCy, a także struktury węglowe – głównie grafit. W celu jednoznacznej identyfikacji faz należy przeprowadzić dodatkowe badania, uzupełnione o rentgenowską analizę fazową (XRD).
O ensino de química para alunos surdos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: De Souza Vertuan Greice , Santos Lara Ferreira dos
Published: April 2019

Pessoas com deficiência tem sido tema de diversas discussões nas mais variadas áreas, visto que as Leis que garantem direitos e deveres a este público são recentes. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão sistemática em bases de dados online que permitiram identificar, categorizar e analisar os trabalhos já realizados com alunos surdos no ensino de Química após a criação da Lei nº 10.436 em 2002. A busca dos trabalhos foi feita na base de dados Portal de Periódicos da CAPES a partir da combinação de sete descritores resultando finalmente em 8 trabalhos pertinentes ao tema. Após a análise dos trabalhos encontrados observou-se que há poucas pesquisas na área, sendo necessário um maior aprofundamento de pesquisas na área de ensino de química para surdos, bem como conhecimento da Libras pelos profissionais da área da educação.
Apresentação do Dossiê
Authors: Brum Ceres Karam , Vilar Rosales Marta
Published: April 2019

Lugar de habitação e de abrigo, a casa, na contemporaneidade, vem desempenhando uma série de novos papéis que ultrapassam o universo privado de indivíduos e grupos, em cenários nacionais e transnacionais de deslocamentos. Ela acompanha as transformações cotidianas e estruturais da vida social e se reinventa ao sabor de novas exigências materiais e simbólicas.Dessa forma, se pensarmos no conjunto de estudos nas Ciências Sociais que remetem à casa, não estamos diante de tema inexplorado. Nesse campo de produção, na etnologia francesa são bem conhecidos os trabalhos de Claude Lévi-Strauss (1957), ao analisar a casa Bororo em Tristes trópicos, de Marcel Griaule (1966), que estuda a casa Dogon em Dieu d’eau: entretiens avec Ogotemmêli, de Pierre Bourdieu (1980), ao interpretar a Maison Kabyle em Les sens pratiquee François Ruegg (2011), que estudou as habitações camponesas em La maison paysanne: histoire d’un mythe.Neste campo do conhecimento, somados aos trabalhos na seara da Antropologia, também verificamos, em outros domínios das ciências sociais, igualmente uma tendência a criticar os estudos que seguem apenas uma perspectiva ergológica, (aqueles que restringem a casa aos aspectos como matéria-prima, forma, tamanho e técnica de produção de um artefato, sem analisar seus significados e funções na sociedade que os produziu). A busca de superação deste enfoque, tem gerado novas perspectivas de pesquisa em âmbito interdisciplinar tais como o trabalho do filósofo Michel Serres, Habiter, publicado em (2011) e Chez soi: une odyssée de l’espace domestique, da jornalista Mona Chollet (2015), na seara dos estudos culturais.Neste dossiê, apresentamos um conjunto de artigos que enfocam, a partir de diferentes perspectivas teórico-metodológicas das Ciências Sociais, estudos sobre habitações/casas em distintos contextos socioculturais. São contribuições significativas para o entendimento das casas porque revelam as particularidades do habitar, destacando as múltiplas configurações da casa/lar/abrigo/refúgio em relação às formas de habitar e suas representações, aos consumos domésticos, às memórias e trajetórias dos grupos e pessoas, ao pertencimento étnico e nacional, dos que habitam/ocupam as casas, entre outros.
Cidade histórica, cidade universitária: usos do patrimônio cultural e repúblicas estudantis em Ouro Preto, MG
Authors: Souza Eder Cláudio Malta
Published: April 2019

A histórica cidade de Ouro Preto é conhecida pelo significativo patrimônio cultural que representa manifestações da identidade nacional. Desde a fundação da Escola de Minas, em 1876, parte de seu patrimônio foi transformado em repúblicas estudantis que conformam os espaços de sociabilidade pública através de práticas rituais, festivas e formais dos estudantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre o patrimônio histórico, sua preservação e inovação dos usos através das práticas estudantis nos espaços das repúblicas. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da observação direta a fim de compreender o cotidiano tanto no interior das repúblicas, quanto nas ruas e nos espaços de sociabilidade estudantis. Além de pesquisa bibliográfica e histórica, foram feitos registros fotográficos, entrevistas e conversas informais durante o campo. Propõe-se debater como os usos dos espaços da “Cidade Histórica”, apropriados para as ações de preservação do patrimônio histórico para o desenvolvimento da economia turística, são reapropriados por práticas socioculturais que demarcam os lugares da “Cidade Universitária”. O que se conclui é que a inscrição socioespacial destas práticas e a paisagem conformada pelas repúblicas imprimem à vida urbana cotidiana de Ouro Preto um espaço público dissonante conflitivo e plural.
A casa timorense e os estudantes do Timor-Leste no exterior
Authors: Nogueira Silvia Garcia , Silva Renata Nogueira da
Published: April 2019

Este artigo é resultado do encontro de duas pesquisas etnográficas em andamento. Uma que versa sobre os timorenses em situação de estudo em universidades portuguesas e brasileiras sob a lógica da hospitalidade e outra sobre as noções de casas e casas sagradas em Timor-Leste e os modos como se articulam para dar sentido à dinâmicas de reprodução social. Esteartigo pretende apresentar e discutir os significados culturais da casa timorense, assim como o modo como os estudantes no exterior concebem e constroem simbolicamente suas “casas”, a do Timor-Leste e o local em que moram durante seus cursos superiores, além das conexões que estabelecem entre ambas. Para isso, realiza-se breves digressões sobre as relações entre os sentimentos de pertença e lugar dos estudantes, ligando a construção das suas próprias identidades à do Timor-Leste, em um processo de construção do nationness (“nacionidade”) e do sentimento de sentir-se em casa (chez soi).
Factors Influencing Farmer’s Choice of Adaptation Measures to Climate Change among Smallholder Arable Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Alih Abah Daniel , Orefi Abu, , Chijoke Asogwa, Benjamin
Published: April 2019

Adaptation has the potential to significantly contribute to reductions in negative impacts from changes in climatic conditions. The study investigated the factors influencing farmer's choice of adaptation measures to climate change among smallholder arable farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and sixty (160), respondents. Data collected from the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logit regression and constraints encounter index. The result obtained from the analyses showed that average age of smallholder arable farmers in the study area was 46 years with a majority (72.5%) being male. On the level of education of the farmer, about (18.1%) of the farmers had no formal education while majority (81.9%) had various forms of formal education. 34.4% of the respondents were within 11-20 years of farming experience with large household size 11 above member representing 45.0%. Logit regression model results reveal that major socio-economic factors of arable farmers influencing farmer's choice of various adaptation measures include age, educational status, gender, marital status, household size, farming experience, farm size, the fertility of the soil, membership of cooperative/farmers group, extension visit and access to credit. Constraints encounter index revealed that major constraint encountered include lack of information on climate change, lack of technology necessary for adaptation, lack of necessary inputs, lack of climate forecasting technology, limited knowledge on adaptation to climate issues, poor financial resource, lack of government policy on climate change, poor potential for irrigation, difficulty in shifting from cropping patterns in short duration, and lack of infrastructure. This study concludes that various socio-economic and personal attributes had strong impacts on arable farmer's choice of adapting to different adaptation measures available in the study area. Government should place priority on determining factors of adaptation and barriers to adaptation measure into climate change-related policies.
Subterranean Termites of a University Environment in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Wekhe C. , Ugbomeh A. P. , Ebere N. , Bawo D. D. S.
Published: April 2019

Termites are diverse, ubiquitous and abundant in tropical ecosystems and are major examples of soil-dwelling ecosystem service providers that influence the ecosystem functioning by physically altering their biotic and abiotic surroundings. With increasing development in the environment, there is a gradual loss of their habitat. This study was carried out to determine the subterranean termite species in Rivers State University campus and relate the species and prevalence to their soil types. The study area was divided into 10 zones and from each zone 3 stations were selected randomly for sampling. Samples were collected in January and February 2018. Samples were taken from available mounds and soil in each station and termites were sorted, identified and counted. The temperature, organic content, pH, soil particle analysis and moisture content were determined for the soil samples. Five termite species from two families were identified;Termitidae: Amitermes spp1, Amitermes spp2, and Globitermes spp; Macrotermitidae: Macrotermes gilvusand another Macrotermes spp. The Amitermes spp was the most abundant as it was found in all 10 zones, followed by Macrotermes spp and then the Globitermes spp being the least abundant. Termite abundance, moisture content and soil type were significantly different in the 10 zones (p < 0.05). Total Organic Content was negatively correlated with Macrotermes spp. The Amitermes were more abundant in residential areas as they are wood eating termites suggesting that most destructive aspect of termite behaviour on residential areas may be perpetuated by the Amitermes species. The Macrotermes spp were found only in cultivated areas and from soil with higher percentage of clay, and they are basically soil feeders. M. gilvus and Macrotermes spp were seen in reddish mounds with fresh soil at the peak (showing termite activity) giving it a cone shape whereas the mound Globitermes spp was black, no fresh soil at the peak and had a circular shape. Amitermes was found in abandoned reddish Macrotermes mounds in residential areas. This study has provided some information on the termites in the University community as their habitat is gradually being destroyed with new buildings resulting in biodiversity loss. Moisture and TOC appeared to affect abundance.
Caulerpa lentillifera and Sucrose Formulated Diets as Growth Enhancer of Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
Authors: Echem Roldan T. , Alvarez Ariel
Published: April 2019

A total of 200 of Crassostrea virginica populations of average weight range from 41.19 ± 3.42 to 47.53 ± 1.06 g were studied to determine the effect of the feed diets of Caulerpa lentillifera and sucrose as growth enhancement. Growth rates increased that range from 56.99 ± 3.16 to 61.56 ± 2.87 g for 90 days period using an artificial water tank system. Previous studies conducted that C. lentillifera contained high protein and were the most abundant component. This seaweed also contained high amounts of minerals and balanced amino acid and notably very rich in iodine. phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and copper that will contribute to oysters growth. Oysters are known to have the ability to uptake dissolved organic matter as nutrients. In the present study, the effects of culture water supplemented with sucrose were tested on oysters. Results revealed that this organic matter promotes growth to the oysters. Sugars will be metabolized into pyruvate through the glycolysis pathway and will result in the supply of energy.  Therefore, supplementation of sugar to oysters may have contributed as an energy source together with the lipid and protein content from the algae diet.
Understanding the Family Relationship Towards Child Growth and Development / Compreendendo a Relação da Família com o Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Infantil
Authors: De Souza Michelle Carvalho , Barbosa Felipe Adriana Olímpia , Côrtes Gradim Clícia Valim
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o relacionamento familiar no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil. Métodos: Definiu-se como método a revisão integrativa de literatura elaborada a partir das seis fases propostas por Ursi. Resultados: As atitudes e crenças desapropriadas dos pais interferem, muits vezes, na vida de seus filhos, levando-os a adotar o mesmo padrão inadequado. Entretanto os benefícios da convivência familiar superam seus raros malefícios, desempenhando papel importantíssimmo na vida da criança e facilitando seu crescimento e desenvolvimento em todas as suas formas. Considerações finais: Percebe-se que a família é de suma importância em vários aspectos na vivência da criança, seja ela saudável ou não e apesar da importância dessa temática nota-se que há uma escassez de estudos sobre o assunto, apontando a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas que abordem esse tema.
The Health of Nursing Professionals: Reviewing Health Promotion Strategies / Saúde dos Trabalhadores de Enfermagem: Revisando as Estratégias de Promoção à Saúde
Authors: Farias Angelo Antonielli Ribeiro , Cardoso Leticia Silveira , Silva Jonatan Jean Silveira da , Sant'Anna Cynthia Fontella , Lima Janice Mendieta , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Conhecer as estratégias de promoção à saúde para os trabalhadores de enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa composta por 23 artigos que respondem a questão norteadora: Quais as estratégias de promoção à saúde, desenvolvidas para os trabalhadores de enfermagem? Aplicou-se uma abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: As estratégias para Promoção da Organização do Trabalho pautam-se na regulação da relação carga de trabalho e salário. As do Conhecimento, na atualização profissional com uso de tecnologias. Já as da Atividade Física, na garantia do acesso ao exercício físico, intra e extra, ambiente de trabalho. As de Promoção de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares indica a musicoterapia, as técnicas de relaxamento e yoga, que em conjunto com as demais, contribuem para reduzir o estresse laboral e problemas musculoesqueléticos e cardiovasculares. Conclusão: A organização do trabalho pode ser considerada a principal estratégia de promoção à saúde para trabalhadores de enfermagem, pois a ela associa-se o desenvolvimento das demais.
Dengue
Authors: Adams Laura E. , Wong Joshua M. , Paz-Bailey Gabriela
Published: November 2024

This JAMA Insights explores several aspects of dengue virus infection, including epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical management, following a global resurgence in both endemic and nonendemic regions.
Targeting CNS Metastases in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With Evolving Approaches Using Molecular Markers
Authors: Malhotra Jyoti , Mambetsariev Isa , Gilmore Gregory , Fricke Jeremy , Nam Arin , Gallego Natalie , Chen Bihong T. , Chen Mike , Amini Arya , Lukas Rimas V. , Salgia Ravi
Published: November 2024

Importance

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases presenting as either brain parenchymal metastases or leptomeningeal metastases are diagnosed in up to 50% of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer during their disease course. While historically associated with a poor prognosis due to limited treatment options, the availability of an increasing number of targeted therapies with good CNS penetration has significantly improved clinical outcomes for these patients. This has occurred in parallel with a more nuanced understanding of prognostic factors.

Observations

Multiple clinical trials have reported that disease control can be observed with targeted therapies with adequate CNS penetration, particularly for patients with molecular alterations in EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and RET. For these tumors, systemic targeted therapy may be used first for the management of CNS metastases, prior to considering radiation therapy (RT). At the time of isolated progression in the CNS, RT may be considered for the progressing lesions with continuation of the same systemic therapy. For other molecular alterations as well as for patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors, data are not yet clear if systemic therapy is sufficient for untreated CNS metastases, and early RT may need to be integrated into the treatment planning. An increasing number of studies investigate the role that emerging techniques, such as the sequencing of tumor DNA from resected brain metastases tissue or cerebrospinal fluid or radiomics-based analysis of CNS imaging, can play in guiding treatment approaches.

Conclusions and Relevance

With multiple generations of targeted therapies now available, the treatment for CNS metastases should be tailored to the patients with consideration given to molecular testing results, CNS penetrance of systemic therapy, patient characteristics, and multidisciplinary review. More research is needed in understanding the clonal evolution of CNS metastases, and the development of novel therapeutics with CNS efficacy.
Primary Visual Pathway Changes in Individuals With Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rasdall Marselle A. , Cho Chloe , Stahl Amy N. , Tovar David A. , Lavin Patrick , Kerley Cailey I. , Chen Qingxia , Ji Xiangyu , Colyer Marcus H. , Groves Lucas , Longmuir Reid , Chomsky Amy , Gallagher Martin J. , Anderson Adam , Landman Bennett A. , Rex Tonia S.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) often report vision problems despite having normal visual acuity and fundus examinations. Diagnostics are needed for these patients.

Objective

To determine if a battery of assessments or machine-learning approaches can aid in diagnosing visual dysfunction in patients with mild TBI.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, observational, case-control study was conducted between May 2018 and November 2021. The study setting was at a level 1 trauma research hospital. Participant eligibility included adult males and females with recorded best-corrected visual acuity and normal fundus examination. Individuals in the case group had a history of mild TBI; controls had no history of TBI. Exclusion criteria included a history of ocular, neurological, or psychiatric disease, moderate-severe TBI, recent TBI, metal implants, age younger than 18 years, and pregnancy. Cases and controls were sex- and age-matched. Data analysis was performed from July 2023 to March 2024.

Exposures

History of mild TBI in the case group.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The single-session visit included the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and measurements of oculomotor function, optical coherence tomography, contrast sensitivity, visual evoked potentials, visual field testing, and magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

A total of 28 participants (mean [SD] age, 35.0 [12.8] years; 15 male [53.6%]) with mild TBI and 28 controls (mean [SD] age, 35.8 [8.5] years; 19 female [67.9%]) were analyzed. Participants with mild TBI showed reduced prism convergence test breakpoint (−8.38; 95% CI, −14.14 to −2.62; P = .008) and recovery point (−8.44; 95% CI, −13.82 to −3.06; P = .004). Participants with mild TBI also had decreased contrast sensitivity (−0.07; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.01; P = .04) and increased visual evoked potential binocular summation index (0.32; 95% CI, 0.02-0.63; P = .02). A subset of participants exhibited reduced peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, increased optic nerve/sheath size, and brain cortical volumes. Machine learning identified subtle differences across the primary visual pathway, including the optic radiations and occipital lobe regions, independent of visual symptoms.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this case-control study suggest that the visual system was affected in individuals with mild TBI, even in those who did not self-report vision problems. These findings support the utility of a battery of assessments or machine-learning approaches to accurately diagnose this population.
Macular Capillary Nonperfusion in Eyes With Stable Laser-Treated Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Thottarath Sridevi , Tsai Wei-Shan , Gurudas Sarega , Pearce Elizabeth , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Yamaguchi Taffeta Ching Ning , Sivaprasad Sobha
Published: November 2024

Importance

Some eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated to stability with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) continue to lose vision without diabetic macular edema. One presumed cause is macular capillary nonperfusion (CNP)–associated ischemia or infarction. Natural history data of macular CNP might guide treatment trials for it.

Objective

To assess visual function and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) changes over 12 months in PRP-treated stable eyes with PDR and macular CNP.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a single center in the United Kingdom. Participants had stable laser-treated PDR in at least 1 eye with macular CNP and a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter score of at least 54 (Snellen equivalent ≥20/80) using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Recruitment was from December 2019 to August 2021 and follow-up for 12 months; data were analyzed from May to July 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Changes in BCVA, low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA), and OCTA metrics over 12 months using linear mixed-effects models with unstructured variance accounting for within-participant correlation between the eligible study eye and repeated measures across time.

Results

The cohort included 63 participants and 88 eyes. The mean (SD) age was 57.4 (11.9) years; 41 were male (65.1%) and 22 female (34.9%). Mean BCVA and LLVA ETDRS letter scores were 77.52 (SD, 8.0; approximate Snellen equivalent, 20/32) and 68.33 (SD, 8.9; Snellen, 20/40) at baseline and 78.76 (SD, 8.3; Snellen 20/25) and 70.20 (SD, 8.1; Snellen, 20/40) at 12 months. However, 7 participants (9.3%) lost at least 5 letters of visual acuity at 12 months. Linear mixed-effects analysis showed the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area deteriorated over 12 months, with a mean increase of 1.80% (95% CI, 0.01%-3.63%; P = .05) at 6 months and 2.26% (95% CI, 0.29%-4.26%; P = .03) from baseline. Eyes that lost 5 or more letters had lower baseline superficial vascular density in both the 3 × 3–mm scan (mean [SD], 36.7 [4.8] vs 33.5 [2.0]; P = .006) and parafoveal area (38.7 [5.6] vs 34.7 [2.6]; P = .005). No association was found between a loss of 5 or more letters at 12 months and any baseline FAZ parameters.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that FAZ area deteriorated over 12 months in eyes with stable laser-treated peripheral retina in eyes and macular CNP. Vision loss was uncommon and more prevalent in eyes with decreased SVD at baseline rather than FAZ parameters. Longer trials may be required to observe more events of change of 5 or more letters.
Radar Signal Detection
Authors: Wang Minsheng , Chan Andrew K.
Published: November 2024

Owing to the existence of noise and interference, radar signal detection has to be treated as a statistical problem, regardless of whether the signal under detection is deterministic. This statistical formalism of radar signal detection theory can be applied to all types of radar signals without restriction. To understand radar signal detection, noise has to be described quantitatively. A time‐limited deterministic signal can be described as a time series, and a periodic deterministic signal can be represented as a Fourier series. In contrast, noise cannot be represented as a deterministic function in the time or frequency domains. In other words, we cannot predict a noise‐contaminated radar signal with absolute certainty. However, with available noise information such as the expectation, the power, or even the probability distribution of noise, we can select a criterion on which to base our decision.
Alcohol induces α2‐6sialo mucin O‐glycans that kill U937 macrophages mediated by sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin 7 (Siglec 7)
Authors: Cheng Pi‐Wan , Hothpet Vishwanath‐Reddy , Bhat Ganapati , Bailey Kristina , Li Lei , Samuelson Derrick R.
Published: November 2024

Alcohol misuse increases infections and cancer fatalities, but mechanisms underlying its toxicity are ill‐defined. We show that alcohol treatment of human tracheobronchial epithelial cells leads to inactivation of giantin‐mediated Golgi targeting of glycosylation enzymes. Loss of core 2 N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, which uses only giantin for Golgi targeting, coupled with shifted targeting of other glycosylation enzymes to Golgi matrix protein 130‐Golgi reassembly stacking protein 65, the site normally used by core 1 enzyme, results in loss of sialyl Lewis x and increase of sialyl Lewis a and α2‐6sialo mucin O‐glycans. The α2‐6sialo mucin O‐glycans induced by alcohol cause death of U937 macrophages mediated by sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin 7. These results provide a mechanistic insight into the cause of the toxic effects of alcohol and might contribute to the development of therapies to alleviate its toxicity.
Evaluation and Verification of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Systems
Authors: Bobenchik April M.
Published: November 2024

A wide variety of antimicrobial susceptibility test systems are available to clinical microbiologists. This procedure provides guidance on evaluating and choosing a system or method appropriate for the laboratory. The primary focus should be on determination of the systems' capabilities, assessment of costs and workflow, and examination of performance data. This chapter describes a procedure for analyzing results generated from evaluating a new system in comparison with those generated from a reference system. Some of the suggestions in this protocol can be considered to fulfill the verification requirements. The chapter covers proper quality control principles for analytical tests. With postanalytical considerations, it provides attention to common test limitations, interpretive challenges, and results reporting.