bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of colostrum kefir against foodborne pathogen bacteria
Authors: Windayani N , Kurniati T , Rukayadi Y
Published: June 2020

Colostrum is the first fluid produced from the mammary gland 24 to 72 hours after the postpartum. Here, we have the psychochemical characteristics of fermented colostrum that fermented with kefir grain for 24 and 48 hours and its activity against eight foodborne pathogens. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used as test strains, and antibacterial activity was investigated based on inhibitory zones using disc diffusion methods. Psychochemical characteristics and activity varied according to colostrum kefir type and fermentation time. The widest and the strongest antimicrobial activity is obtained after at least 48 hours of fermentation for all colostrum kefir, although the traditional kefir fermentation method is for 18-24 hours at 25 °C. For the type of colostrum kefir K1, K2, P1, and P2 after fermentation for 48 h, it shows that antimicrobial activity increase along with the increasing of titrable acidity and decrease in pH value.
Nutmeg determination as the main commodity in South Aceh; a literature review
Authors: Ulfah T , Hardjomidjodjo H H , Anggraeni E
Published: June 2020

This article tries to find natural resources that can be developed into a business industry and able to improve the welfare of local communities. Taking place in South Aceh, this article examines superior commodities that can be used as business opportunities both by farmers, entrepreneurs and surrounding communities. The commodity discussed is nutmeg. In general, this article presents information on the use of nutmeg and its application in life, alludes to some of the problems faced by farmers, presents several nutmeg industries that are already in particular in South Aceh, informs nutmeg demand on international markets and the unique nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) geography and some nutmeg derivative products.
Formulation of strategies for developing local chocolate product Socolatte in Pidie Jaya
Authors: Afni N , Yani M , Udin F
Published: June 2020

The best strategy is intensively required for small industries in Indonesia nowadays, especially in Aceh. Rimbun Corp, as the oldest chocolate company in Aceh, still has many problems with expanding the production of Socolatte (local chocolate bar brand). The product has become unfamiliar for the tourists in Aceh recently. Moreover, this product has a short shelf life and lower quality if being stocked in an extended period. As a result, this chocolate cannot be sent further from the store, and it is more challenging for the customer to buy the product. The purposes of the research are to identify the main problems and to choose the best strategy using Business Model Canvas (BMC) as a method to collect the current data and to determine the specific problem in the whole production process. The research finds that there are no action in the company to maintain customer relationship, and the main key activities should be priorities for finding a solution. After testing through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the crucial criteria for expanding the small industry is the raw material (0,4453). Moreover, the industry should adopt new technology (0,3632) for creating an advanced chocolate product from bean to bar so the company can sell them globally and profitably.
Finding the most potential customer in bundling products by using reverse k-skyband query: current research progress and challenges
Authors: Gumilar L A , Annisa  , Djatna T
Published: June 2020

Online shopping nowadays is one of the most popular ways to make transactions. Customer transactions recorded on the online shopping application can be used by a retail company’s Customer Relationship Management (CRM) manager to make sales strategies and increase customer loyalty. Sales strategies are needed to identify products that will be of interest in the market as well as potential customers who will be interested in products. The implementation of skyline queries produces the most interesting and preferred set of products. Whereas to search for the potential set of customers who are interested in certain products, a reverse skyline query can be used. To find a larger set of customers, a reverse k-skyband query can be implemented. Reverse k-skyband queries can also be applied to determine the level of interest of each customer in each product in the product bundling strategy. Product bundling is a sale of two or more products in one package commonly used by CRM manager to increase customer loyalty. This research proposes reverse k-skyband query to find the most potential customers who like bundling products. This study evaluates the performance of the reverse kskyband query in terms of computation time.
Literature review: potential and opportunities for the development of seaweed agro-industry
Authors: Sudarwati W , Hardjomidjojo H , Machfud  , Setyaningsih D
Published: June 2020

Seaweed is a valuable agricultural commodity found in coastal and marine areas. The practice of seaweed cultivation is the livelihood of the coastal community. Today, seaweed is still traded in the form of raw materials, so the value is low. This article aims to provide an overview of the potential and future opportunities for seaweed agroindustry development. This study is qualitative research. The data collected is secondary data, obtained from a variety of literature related to the potential and development of seaweed. This review used a 5-step approach in analyzing articles namely 1) Database selection, 2) Keyword selection, 3) Article collection, 4) Inclusion/Exclusion criteria, and 5) Reviewing selected articles sea based on the highest value-added. Agroindustry that have the opportunity to develop is processed food. Processed foods have high value-added with low technology levels. Processed food can be produced by cultivating farmers to increase income. The results of this study can be used as information and reference for further research.
Institutional model of sustainable development for controlling clove pest management
Authors: Sujianto  , Ermiati  , Wahyudi A
Published: June 2020

Institutional clove farmers are still very weak, both in terms of marketing and in a pest control system. The number of damaged plants affected decreases production and productivity. Hence, the farmers’ revenue was lowering and they lost their income. This study aims to analyze the existing institutions in clove production centers and to formulate strategies to strengthen institutional pest control of clove. The survey was conducted in April-October in Sumedang and Sukabumi Regencies in West Java. The results show that there were three institutional models, namely Temu Urip at Sumedang, Maju Bersama, and Tanijaya groups at Sukabumi. All models had only focused on cooperation activities such as land clearing, plant cultivation process, weeding, harvesting, and savings-loans. The model that was specific to the pest control had not been developed. To establish and strengthen their position, farmers should innovate the concept of the Clove Institutional Model. They should take a partnership with other related elements, such as cooperatives, distributors of pesticides, financial institutions, government, universities, and research institutes. In this model, farmers’ association plays an important role as an institution that controls clove pests mainly at the district level and coordinating down to the village level.
Preliminary Study on the use of Sentinel-2A Image for Mapping of Dry Marginal Agricultural Land
Authors: Kholifah S N , Mandala M , Indarto I , Putra B T W
Published: June 2020

The availability of medium resolution satellite imagery (i.e. Sentinel-2A) provides the rapid, low-cost and more accurate mapping. This report presents the use of satellite imagery (Sentinel-2A) for mapping of marginal Agricultural Land in the eastern part of Situbondo Regency. The study area covers three (3) districts, i.e., Arjasa, Jangkar, and Asembagus. This study uses two methods of image classifications (i.e., unsupervised and supervised). Sentinel-2A images for dry seasons of 2018 use for this study. The dry season of this region usually occurs from April to November. Then, 450 ground control point for training areas collected during the fields surveys between June until Octobre 2019. This study also uses multi-band (i.e., 2,3,4,5 and 8A) of the sentinel 2a image. Image treatments use “ Multispect” and SNAP, two open-source image processing software. The procedures include image enhancement, registration, clipping, and classification. The classification consists of pre-processing, processing and post-processing tasks. Then, classification results evaluated by confusion-matrix (overall and kappa accuracy). Furthermore, the thematic maps produce from both unsupervised and supervised classification are then compared to existing thematics maps and statistics data. The unsupervised method use iso-data algorithm and produce five (5) class of land uses, i.e., (1) forestry and plantation; (2) build-up area, (3) irrigated paddy field, (4) non-irrigated rural areas (ladang/tegalan). The unsupervised method did the overall accuracy = 79 % and kappa accuracy = 72%. The supervised methods use maximum-likelihood algorithms and produce six (6) class, i.e., (1) forestry - plantation; (2) urban or build area, (3) irrigated paddy field, (4) non-irrigated rural areas, (5) dry-marginal land and (6) water body. Supervised method provide overall accuracy = 95,8% and kappa accuracy = 93,2%. The result shows the potential use of Sentinel 2A to map dry-marginal agricultural land in the study area.
Biological Control of Ralstonia solanacearum Causes of Bacterial Wilt Disease with Pseudomonas putida and Streptomyces spp. on Some Tomato Varieties
Authors: Saputra R , Arwiyanto T , Wibowo A
Published: June 2020

Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the main pathogens in tomato plants that cause bacterial wilt disease. R. solanacearum in the field is difficult to control, because some phytopathogenic bacterial species produce EPS in large quantities. The practices of cultivation, soil fumigation and development of resistant varieties have been carried out as an effort to control these pathogens. Therefore, biological control is another alternative in controlling this pathogen. The research was conducted at the Plant Bacteriology Laboratory and in the Greenhouse of the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. In this study, the bacteria Pseudomonas putida strain Pf-20 and Streptomyces spp (isolates S-4 and S-16), 9 varieties of tomatoes and R. solanacearum were used. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 3 treatments of biological control bacteria and 3 replications. The parameters observed were incubation time and disease intensity. Then also calculated the rate of disease progression and the value of the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Data obtained were analyzed descriptively for all parameters ecxept incubation time was analyzed statistically. Statistical analysis data were then further tested with LSD at 5% level. Based on the results, the application of antagonistic bacteria can suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease. The best suppression of bacterial wilt disease development by biological control agents was seen in amelia and tombatu varieties. Further research is needed to observe the relationship between varieties and the ability of antagonistic bacteria to control R. solanacearum in tomato plants.
The Effect of Moisture on the Yield of Sweet Passion Fruit (Passiflora lingularis Juss cv. Gumanti) Seed Oil from Indonesia by Mechanical Extraction
Authors: Andasuryani  , Ifmalinda  , Derosya V , Syukri D
Published: June 2020

Passion fruit seeds are rich in fat. Oil of the seeds can be obtained through mechanical extraction. Moisture content is one of the factors, determine the result extraction of the seeds. This study investigates the effects of moisture content towards oil produced by pressing tests using a screw press. The seeds were conditioned at 5%, 7%, and 11% moisture content (wet basis); pressing temperature, 62°C. Chemical analyses i.e. refractive index and peroxide value, are conducted to determine the quality of oil through treatment of moisture content that produces the most oil. The result shows that oil yield increases with the increasing moisture content of the seeds. The highest amount of oil (12.32%) produced by 11% moisture content. The 7% of moisture content showed the highest unsaturated fatty acid, which was 70.928±17.430% (linoleic acid) and 17.947±6.944% (oleic acid). These results indicated that passion fruit seeds oil has possibility as edible vegetable oils.
Genetic Analysis of G1/01 Chili pepper Based on Morphological, Physiological and Molecular Characteristics
Authors: Arumingtyas E L , Khasan R F , Aprilliani N
Published: June 2020

The G1/01 mutant line is a chili pepper variant resulting from a mutation with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate to the genotype 1 (G1) which is a descendant of a commercial chili pepper varieties Cakra Hijau. In this study the G1/01 line was compared with Capsicum frutescens varieties, Cakra Hijau and Genie and large chili Capsicum annum (CAT2) based on morphology, physiology (capsaicin content) and molecular, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The results showed that G1/01 had a similar morphology to the varieties of Cakra Hijau, Genie and CAT2 based on habitus, branching, plant height, flower shape and fruit shape, but G1/01 had greater leaf length and width than the Cakra Hijau, Genie and CAT2 and larger fruit size than the Cakra Hijau and Genie. When compared with CAT2, G1/01 has a shorter fruit size even though its diameter was almost the same. The four types of are included in the spicy and very spicy categories. The fruit of G1/01 line showed a change in the level of spiciness from the spicy category when young to the very spicy category when the fruit was ripe red. The RAPD results showed that the Cakra Hijau and Genie varieties were similar to each other while the G1/01 mutant was different from the two. CAT2 shows quite a distance with the other three types. Dendrogram based on morphological, physiological and molecular data shows that G1/01 changes quite large from the Cakra Hijau, but does not similar as CAT2.
Cassava Starch Edible Film with Addition of Gelatin or Modified Cassava Starch
Authors: Ulyarti U , Nazarudin N , Surhaini  , Lisani  , Ramadon R , Lumbanraja P
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to improve the quality of cassava starch edible film by addition of gelatin or modified cassava starch. Modified cassava starch was obtained by precipitation of gelatinised cassava starch. First experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments of addition of gelatin (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% (w/w). Second experiment was carried out by using the addition of modified cassava starch (15% w/w). The results showed that the addition of 3% gelatin produced edible film with highest compressive strength but did not improve its water vapour transmission rate (WVTR). WVTR of cassava starch edible film, however, can be improved by using 15% modified cassava starch.
Modelling Respiration Rate of Chili for Development of Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Marni H , Fahmy K , Hasan A , Ifmalinda
Published: June 2020

A Michaelis-Menten equation was proposed for predicting the respiration rate of chili as a function of O2 concentration at 15°C. The respiration rate as O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured using the flow-through system method. The low oxygen limit of chili was also determined by the respiratory quotient. Chili was stored at 15°C at various O2 concentration. Using of Michaelis-Menten type respiration model provided an excellent prediction to examine the behavior of the respiration rate of chili at any O2 concentration. The lower O2 limit obtained in this study could be used to estimate the optimum condition in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) of chili.
The Potential For Agricultural Area Development In Bedadung Watershed
Authors: Jatmiko B C , Andriyani Idah
Published: June 2020

Food security can be achieved through the development of agricultural area and water supply. This study aims to figure out the potential of land development for food crop cultivation, both of the technical irrigation land and rainfed land in Bedadung watershed. The suitability principle of natural resources for food crops is utilized to determine the potential for agricultural area development. In this case, the parameters are land suitability based on the water availability which can be seen from the Oldeman classification, land elevation, and land topography. The results showed that Bedadung Watershed more suitable for corn ( S2 ). The rice cultivation can be done by considering the S3 classification and it must be supported by good water availability for providing an adequate irrigation system.
Combination of Pineapple and Okra on Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Fruit Leather
Authors: Ayu D F , Rumengan O S , Pato U
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to get the best combination of pineapple and okra on chemical and sensory characteristics of fruit leather. This research was conducted experimentally by using a complete randomized design (CRD) which consist of four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were ratios of pineapple and okra pulp, such as NO1 (50:50), NO2 (60:40), NO3 (70:30), and NO4 (80:20). Data obtained were statistically analyzed by using Analysis of Variance and continued with Duncan’s New Multiple Range test at 5% level. The results showed that the ratio of pineapple and okra pulp significantly affected moisture content, ash content, pH, fiber content, dissolved total solid, sensory test on color, flavor, taste, and texture of the fruit leather. The best treatment in this research was NO4 (80:20) with 6.07% moisture content, 0.70% ash content, 4.4 pH, 4.75% fiber content, and 56.04 °brix total solid. The results of descriptive test showed that the fruit leather had brown color (3.1), pineapple scented (3.67), pineapple taste (3.57), little chewy texture (2.67) and overall assessment hedonically was favored by panelists (3.78).
Sensory Characteristic of Cassava (Manihot utilissima) Using in The Making of Kwetiau
Authors: Harni M , Putri S K , Gusmalini
Published: June 2020

Kwetiau is a type noodles originating from the Chinese region with raw materials of rice flour. The use of rice flour as food is high enough plus rice is the main commodity for staple food. Therefore, the research aims to see the extent which cassava can replace rice flour but has no effect on the sensory characteristics. The added cassava formulation ranges from 0-40% of the total raw materials used. Increasing amount of cassava will decrease the amount of rice flour used. This study used the design of RAL 5 treatments, 3 repeats with one treatment as control. Organoletic observations include color, texture, taste and, flavor. The advanced test is done by the way of Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) on a 5% real level. Based on the results of organoletic analysis of the chosen treatment is the use of cassava 30% (treatment D) with the value of proximate: water content of 57,89%, ash content 0,94%, protein content 2,13%, fat content 2,46% and carbohydrate content of 36,42%.
Toxicity Test LC50 of Pineung Nyen Teusalee Seeds (Areca catechu) Extract by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Methode
Authors: Rasyid M I , Yuliani H , Angraeni L
Published: June 2020

Utility of natural ingredients as traditional medicines is growing with increasing in exploration of the types of natural ingredients that can be used as traditional medicines to prevent and treat a disease. However, the use of inappropriate levels can cause a risk of health problems. One of the ingredients used to treat diabetes is young areca nut which is known by the people of Aceh as Pineung Nyen. Pineung Nyen, which is consumed by the community, is not only in the raw form but also has experienced a process of smoking or disalee. Excessive consumption of Pineung Nyen can cause symptoms of poisoning. For this reason, an analysis is needed to determine the safe limits of concentration that can be consumed without causing side effects. Toxicity tests can be carried out in vivo by using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method which uses Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae as test animals. From the phytochemical test results, it was found that Pineung Nyen Teusalee methanol extract contained flavonoids, tannins and saponins. In addition, the methanol extract of Pineung Nyen Teusalee is toxic with an LC50 value of 347.86 mg / L.
Characteristics of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Fermented Beverage Products With the Addition of a Powder Milk Mixture
Authors: Novelina  , Nazir N , Fiana R M , Yarni D F
Published: June 2020

One of the efforts in the use of pumpkin is making lactate fermented beverage. In this product there are two components at once, namely inulin from pumpkin that acts as a prebiotic and culture starter of Lactobacillus sp which acts as a probiotic. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of milk powder on the characteristics of pumpkin juice fermented beverage. Variations in addition to powdered milk (skim and full cream). The results showed the addition of a mixture of 13% skim milk and 2% full cream is a lactate fermentation beverage that panelists prefer.This product has an average pH of 4.22, a total titrated acid of 0.43%, a protein content of 3.78%, a total solids of 17 ° Brix, a viscosity of 8.44 dPa, a fat content of 1.16%, an ash content of 0.83%, antioxidant activity 3.13%, beta-carotene levels 2.41 μg / g, and total lactic acid bacteria 2.1×109.
Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose (Nata de coco) from Lychee
Authors: Nimitkeatkai H , Fong-in S , Potaros T
Published: June 2020

Bacterial cellulose or Nata de coco is the polysaccharide produced from Acetobacter xylinum grown in coconut water. This research was investigated the possibility to obtain bacterial cellulose from lychee. The optimum ratio of lychee juice and coconut water and sugar concentrations needed for producing bacterial cellulose were studied. The ratio of lychee juice to coconut water was set to 0:1 (control), 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 1:0 with 10% A. xylinum starter culture and 12% sugar. The results showed that optimized ratio of lychee juice to coconut water was 2:1 which thickness and firmness were 1.2+0.2 centimeter and 284.9+15.6 N, respectively. The bacterial cellulose from lychee contained 98.44% moisture content, 0.53% ash and 2.62% fiber with average overall liking scores at moderate level. When compared the addition of sucrose into the medium at 10% and 12% for bacterial cellulose production. Results showed no correlation between the thickness and sugar used. This research demonstrated that lychee juice mixed with coconut water at 2:1, with 10% A. xylinum starter culture and 10% sugar, potentially produce the bacterial cellulose.
Application of Various Species of Trichoderma spp. in Composting Cocoa Pod Husk Contaminated Phytophthora palmivora
Authors: Angraeni L , Sriwati R , Susanna
Published: June 2020

Cocoa is one of the most important commodities in Indonesia. Cocoa pod is usually wasted and can be the source of Phytophthora palmivora inoculum, causes cocoa pod rot. Trichoderma spp. is known in supressing the development of P. palmivora. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability of various species of Trichoderma spp. in composting cocoa pod husk and its ability to supress the development of P. palmivora contaminated on cocoa pod husk. The chopped cocoa pod husk was mixed with manure in a ratio of 2:1. A total of 2 g/kg of Trichoderma spp. culture was suspended in 350 ml of distilled water. This suspension was then poured into compost material and stirred until mixed. The composting material was put into black plastic bag as composting container. This study consisted of five treatments, T0 (Control), T1 (T. harzianum), T2 (T. virens), T3 (T. asperellum) and T4 (T. longibrachiatum). The composts organoleptic was tested based on compost organoleptic criteria, including color, odor and texture. The ability of Trichoderma spp. in colonizing cocoa pod husk compost was detected by re-isolating Trichoderma spp. from compost to be grown on Corn Meal Agar (CMA) media. The ability of Trichoderma spp. in eliminating P. palmivora was detected by isolating P. palmivora from compost to be grown on V8 PARP media. Results showed that the application of T. harzianum, T. virens dan T. asperellum in composting cocoa pod husk was able to produce compost with higher organoleptic quality compare to Control and T. longibrachiatum. The isolation of P. palmivora from compost did not show the presence of P. palmivora survived in compost after the composting process was complete. However, re-isolation of Trichoderma spp. from compost also showed that Trichoderma spp. applied was unable to survive in the compost materials.
Technical Analysis of Liquid Sugar Production Process of Raw Sago Starch Using the Enzymatic Hydrolisis Method of Pilot Plant Scale
Authors: Rika P G , Maryam  , Dewi H
Published: June 2020

Indonesia has the potential for sago around 50% of the world sago production but has not been used optimally. Technologically, the process of making liquid sugar from sago starch has been developed. Therefore, further research to improve the color quality of liquid sugar is needed. The research objective is to conduct a technical study of liquid sugar production process made from raw sago starch by doing purification treatment using activated charcoal and ion-exchange resin. The liquid sugar production process of raw sagu starch using hydrolysis method is in the condition of the ratio of starch to water is 1:4, the liquidation process is at the temperature of 90°C for 90 minutes with the addition of enzyme α-amylase 1.2 mL kg−1 of starch with pH of 5. Saccharification process is at the temperature of 50 °C for 72 hours with the addition of enzyme glucoamylase 1.2 mL kg−1 starch with pH of 4.5. Purification by ion-exchange resin and evaporation by a vacuum evaporator are at 80° C for 90 minutes with pressure of 0.4 atm. Technically, the technology of liquid sugar production process using the enzymatic hydrolysis method could be developed for the pilot plant and industrial scale.
Analysis of Value Chain and Market Structure of Nutmeg Marketing in South Aceh District
Authors: Jelliani  , Raidayani
Published: June 2020

This research aims to analyze the value chain activities in nutmeg commodity and see how the market structure that occurs in nutmeg marketing in South Aceh Regency. The research method uses a survey method by sampling farmers with a simple random sampling while the level of marketing institutions with snowball sampling techniques. Based on the research results, it is known that the actors involved in the nutmeg commodity value chain are farmers, village collectors, sub-district traders, refiners, home industries, banks, agricultural extension centers and plantation offices. While the market structure formed is the Oligopsoni market structure.
Source of Farmers Income in the Sustainable Palm Oil Replanting in Riau Province
Authors: Siswati L , Nizar R , Insusanty E
Published: June 2020

Riau Province is very identical with oil palm because almost all Regencies and Cities grow oil palm both owned by large companies, national companies and smallholder plantations. Oil palm plantations need to be sustainable because they can be a source of foreign exchange and a source of income for farmers. Oil palm production is a product raw material for other products such as cooking oil, butter and others. This study aims to find sources of income for farmers in the replanting period of oil palm for business and production sustainability. This study uses a survey method, sampling by purposive sampling, the sample is farmers who carry out integrated farming during replanting palm oil. the data obtained is used to calculate integrated farming income. Primary data obtained directly from farmers and secondary data obtained from agencies and agencies related to this study. Analysis is done by calculating the source of farmers' income. Integrated agriculture can provide solutions to farmers' income sources during the replanting period of oil palm for business sustainability.
Analysis of Business Development Strategies with Business Model Canvas Approach
Authors: Mustaniroh S A , Prabaningtias N , Citraresmi A D P
Published: June 2020

Fruit processing industry is one of the food-based industries in Indonesia that has the potential to be developed. One of the potential fruit-based products is the development of regional superior products, including local apples in the Batu City area. SMEs processing industry sector in Batu City has prospective opportunities to be developed as a producer of regional superior products into a variety of souvenir products typical of Batu City such as apple pia, apple pie and apple brownies. The objective of the research is to identify the business model in SMEs and building the alternative business development strategies. The object of research is SMEs Permata Agro Mandiri in Batu City, East Java. The research approach and method used are business model canvas approach and SWOT analysis. The results showed that nine BMC elements are show the business model run by Permata Agro Mandiri. Based on the SWOT analysis of nine BMC elements, the strength of these SMEs in running business model was in the ownership of product standardization and production processes certificates, weaknesses with the greatest influence were limited machine capacity and human resources skills, potential opportunities is increasing the number of tourist in Kota Batu, and the biggest threat is business customer satisfaction and loyalty affects the sale of products. The alternative business development strategies are prepared, improving marketing strategies (SO-1), developing tourism and educational services (SO-2), optimizing social media and e-commerce as online marketing media (WO-1), conducted of training and development human resources activities (WO-2), positioning (ST), educating and introducing the brand (WT).
Application of MDAG from Fully Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil on Making of Icing Sugar and Cake
Authors: Mursalin M , Sahrial S , Yernisa Y
Published: June 2020

Emulsifier which has aeration capability is needed in making icing sugar and cake. The aeration capability of MDAG derived from fully hydrogenated palm kernel oil which was produced by glycerolysis (furthermore in this paper we named it as MDAG) was compared to the three types of commercial emulsifiers, namely CMC, Tween-80, and ryoto ester (SP). The parameters observed were specific gravity values (for icing sugar), volume increasing and texture (for cakes). The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications, the data obtained were analysis by ANOVA and further tests with Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that MDAG had better aeration capabilities than CMC and Tween-80, and slightly lower than SP. The specific gravity of icing sugar made with no emulsifier, Tween-80, MDAG and SP were 0.76; 0.58; 0.56; and 0.38 gr/cm3, respectively. MDAG's aeration capability in cake making was also quite good. The increasing volume of cake was greater than CMC and Tween-80, and slightly lower than SP. Cake texture was more compact, not too porous, and more tender.
When Is a Complete-Case Approach to Missing Data Valid? The Importance of Effect-Measure Modification
Authors: Ross Rachael K , Breskin Alexander , Westreich Daniel
Published: June 2020

When estimating causal effects, careful handling of missing data is needed to avoid bias. Complete-case analysis is commonly used in epidemiologic analyses. Previous work has shown that covariate-stratified effect estimates from complete-case analysis are unbiased when missingness is independent of the outcome conditional on the exposure and covariates. Here, we assess the bias of complete-case analysis for adjusted marginal effects when confounding is present under various causal structures of missing data. We show that estimation of the marginal risk difference requires an unbiased estimate of the unconditional joint distribution of confounders and any other covariates required for conditional independence of missingness and outcome. The dependence of missing data on these covariates must be considered to obtain a valid estimate of the covariate distribution. If none of these covariates are effect-measure modifiers on the absolute scale, however, the marginal risk difference will equal the stratified risk differences and the complete-case analysis will be unbiased when the stratified effect estimates are unbiased. Estimation of unbiased marginal effects in complete-case analysis therefore requires close consideration of causal structure and effect-measure modification.
Microbes and complex diseases: from experimental results to computational models
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Chun-Chun , Chen Xing
Published: June 2020

Studies have shown that the number of microbes in humans is almost 10 times that of cells. These microbes have been proven to play an important role in a variety of physiological processes, such as enhancing immunity, improving the digestion of gastrointestinal tract and strengthening metabolic function. In addition, in recent years, more and more research results have indicated that there are close relationships between the emergence of the human noncommunicable diseases and microbes, which provides a novel insight for us to further understand the pathogenesis of the diseases. An in-depth study about the relationships between diseases and microbes will not only contribute to exploring new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases but also significantly heighten the efficiency of new drugs development. However, applying the methods of biological experimentation to reveal the microbe-disease associations is costly and inefficient. In recent years, more and more researchers have constructed multiple computational models to predict microbes that are potentially associated with diseases. Here, we start with a brief introduction of microbes and databases as well as web servers related to them. Then, we mainly introduce four kinds of computational models, including score function-based models, network algorithm-based models, machine learning-based models and experimental analysis-based models. Finally, we summarize the advantages as well as disadvantages of them and set the direction for the future work of revealing microbe–disease associations based on computational models. We firmly believe that computational models are expected to be important tools in large-scale predictions of disease-related microbes.
RSSALib: a library for stochastic simulation of complex biochemical reactions
Authors: Thanh Vo Hong
Published: June 2020

Motivation

Stochastic chemical kinetics is an essential mathematical framework for investigating the dynamics of biological processes, especially when stochasticity plays a vital role in their development. Simulation is often the only option for the analysis of many practical models due to their analytical intractability.

Results

We present in this article, the simulation library RSSALib, implementing our recently developed rejection-based stochastic simulation algorithm (RSSA) and a wide range of its improvements, to accelerate the simulation and analysis of biochemical reactions. RSSALib supports reactions with complex kinetics and time delays, necessary to model complexities of reaction mechanisms. Our library provides both an application program interface and a graphic user interface to ease the set-up and visualization of the simulation results.

Availability and implementation

RSSALib is freely available at: https://github.com/vo-hong-thanh/rssalib.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The rapid transformation of cardiac surgery practice in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: insights and clinical strategies from a centre at the epicentre
Authors: George Isaac , Salna Michael , Kobsa Serge , Deroo Scott , Kriegel Jacob , Blitzer David , Shea Nicholas J , Shea  , D’Angelo Alex , Raza Tasnim , Kurlansky Paul , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , Bapat Vinayak , Naka Yoshifumi , Smith Craig R , Bacha Emile , Argenziano Michael , Argenziano
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES

The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced our cardiac surgery programme and hospital to enact drastic measures that has forced us to change how we care for cardiac surgery patients, assist with COVID-19 care and enable support for the hospital in terms of physical resources, providers and resident training.

METHODS

In this review, we review the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 and describe our system-wide adaptations to the pandemic, including the use of telemedicine, how a severe reduction in operative volume affected our programme, the process of redeployment of staff, repurposing of residents into specific task teams, the creation of operation room intensive care units, and the challenges that we faced in this process.

RESULTS

We offer a revised set of definitions of surgical priority during this pandemic and how this was applied to our system, followed by specific considerations in coronary/valve, aortic, heart failure and transplant surgery. Finally, we outline a path forward for cardiac surgery for the near future.

CONCLUSIONS

We recognize that individual programmes around the world will eventually face COVID-19 with varying levels of infection burden and different resources, and we hope this document can assist programmes to plan for the future.
Impact of paravalvular regurgitation on the mid-term outcome after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Laakso Teemu , Laine Mika , Moriyama Noriaki , Dahlbacka Sebastian , Airaksinen Juhani , Virtanen Marko , Husso Annastiina , Tauriainen Tuomas , Niemelä Matti , Mäkikallio Timo , Valtola Antti , Eskola Markku , Juvonen Tatu , Biancari Fausto , Raivio Peter
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and prognostic impact of paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) on the outcome after transcatheter (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for aortic stenosis.

METHODS

The nationwide FinnValve registry included data on 6463 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR (n = 2130) or SAVR (n = 4333) with a bioprosthesis for the treatment of aortic stenosis during 2008–2017. The impact of PVR at discharge after TAVR and SAVR on 4-year mortality was herein investigated.

RESULTS

The rate of mild PVR was 21.7% after TAVR and 5.2% after SAVR. The rate of moderate-to-severe PVR was 3.7% after TAVR and 0.7% after SAVR. After TAVR, 4-year survival was 69.0% in patients with none-to-trace PVR, 54.2% with mild PVR [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–1.99] and 48.9% with moderate-to-severe PVR (adjusted HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.10–2.35). Freedom from PVR-related reinterventions was 100% for none-to-mild PVR and 95.2% for moderate-to-severe PVR. After SAVR, mild PVR (4-year survival 78.9%; adjusted HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.93–1.78) and moderate-to-severe PVR (4-year survival 67.8%; adjusted HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.72–2.58) were associated with worse 4-year survival compared to none-to-trace PVR (4-year survival 83.7%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analysis. Freedom from PVR-related reinterventions was 99.5% for none-to-trace PVR patients, 97.9% for mild PVR patients and 77.0% for moderate-to-severe PVR patients.

CONCLUSIONS

This multicentre study showed that both mild and moderate-to-severe PVR were independent predictors of worse survival after TAVR. Mild and moderate-to-severe PVR are not frequent after SAVR, but tend to decrease survival also in these patients.

Clinical trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03385915.
ELF with EFL: what is still needed for this integration to happen?
Authors: Siqueira Sávio
Published: June 2020

Although a significant number of practitioners are being progressively exposed to English as a lingua franca (ELF) research findings and developments, we still face the challenge of bringing ELF into the ELT classroom in a more systematic way and on a regular basis. It is a fact that once EFL learners move into contexts of use outside the classroom, they naturally become ELF users. To respond to this reality, ELF and EFL need to work together in such a way that the classroom reflects as much as possible what students have to deal with when using English to interact with interlocutors from different linguacultural backgrounds. Under a decolonizing perspective, the article seeks to discuss the feasibility and relevance of this integration, illustrating in practice how an ELF–EFL dialogue can emerge in ELT materials.
Genome sequence analysis of the temperate bacteriophage TBP2 of the solvent producerClostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicumN1-4 (HMT, ATCC 27021)
Authors: Schüler Miriam A , Stegmann Benjamin A , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf , Dürre Peter
Published: June 2020

The genus Clostridium consists of a diverse group of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. The non-pathogenic clostridia contain several solventogenic members of industrial importance, such as Clostridium acetobutylicum or C. beijerinckii. In the process of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation, these strains are used in large scale fermentation plants since almost 100 years. Soon after establishment of the first plants, the fermentation processes suffered from different bacteriophage infections worldwide. A limited set of studies addressing bacteriophages in solventogenic clostridia have been conducted since then. In this study, we present the genome sequence of the temperate bacteriophage TBP2 of the solventogenic strain C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (HMT) that is used for ABE fermentation. The phage genome consists of 38 039 bp and includes 48 open reading frames. Sequence analysis indicates that the genome encloses random parts of the bacterial genome in addition to its own DNA. It represents the first fully sequenced genome of a temperate bacteriophage infecting solventogenic clostridia.
Survival outcomes following laparoscopic vs open surgery for non-metastatic rectal cancer: a two-center cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Tan Kang-Lian , Deng Hai-Jun , Chen Zhi-Qiang , Mou Ting-Yu , Liu Hao , Xie Run-Sheng , Liang Xue-Min , Fan Xiao-Hua , Li Guo-Xin
Published: June 2020

Background:?>

Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is commonly performed in China. However, compared with open surgery, the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery, especially the long-term survival, has not been sufficiently proved.

Methods:?>

Data of eligible patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer at Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between 2012 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Long-term survival outcomes and short-term surgical safety were analysed with propensity score matching between groups.

Results

Of 430 cases collated from two institutes, 103 matched pairs were analysed after propensity score matching. The estimated blood loss during laparoscopic surgery was significantly less than that during open surgery (P = 0.019) and the operative time and hospital stay were shorter in the laparoscopic group (both P < 0.001). The post-operative complications rate was 9.7% in the laparoscopic group and 10.7% in the open group (P = 0.818). No significant difference was observed between the laparoscopic group and the open group in the 5-year overall survival rate (75.7% vs 80.6%, P = 0.346), 5-year relapse-free survival rate (74.8% vs 76.7%, P = 0.527), or 5-year cancer-specific survival rate (79.6% vs 87.4%, P = 0.219). An elevated carcinoembryonic antigen, <12 harvested lymph nodes, and perineural invasion were independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival and relapse-free survival.

Conclusions:?>

Our findings suggest that open surgery should still be the priority recommendation, but laparoscopic surgery is also an acceptable treatment for non-metastatic rectal cancer.
Defense Response in Brazilian Honey Bees (Apis mellifera scutellata × spp.) Is Underpinned by Complex Patterns of Admixture
Authors: Harpur Brock A , Kadri Samir M , Orsi Ricardo O , Whitfield Charles W , Zayed Amro
Published: June 2020

In 1957, an invasive and highly defensive honey bee began to spread across Brazil. In the previous year, Brazilian researchers hoped to produce a subtropical-adapted honey bee by crossing local commercial honey bees (of European origin) with a South African honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera scutellata; an A-lineage honey bee subspecies). The resulting cross—African hybrid honey bees (AHBs)—escaped from their enclosure and spread through the Americas. Today, AHB is the most common honey bee from Northern Argentina to the Southern United States. AHBs are much more likely to sting nest intruders than managed European-derived honey bee colonies. Previous studies have explored how genetic variation contributes to differences in defense response between European-derived honey bee and AHB. Although this work demonstrated very strong genetic effects on defense response, they have yet to pinpoint which genes influence variation in defense response within AHBs, specifically. We quantified defense response for 116 colonies in Brazil and performed pooled sequencing on the most phenotypically divergent samples. We identified 65 loci containing 322 genes that were significantly associated with defense response. Loci were strongly associated with metabolic function, consistent with previous functional genomic analyses of this phenotype. Additionally, defense-associated loci had nonrandom and unexpected patterns of admixture. Defense response was not simply the product of more A-lineage honey bee ancestry as previously assumed, but rather an interaction between A-lineage and European alleles. Our results suggest that a combination of A-lineage and European alleles play roles in defensive behavior in AHBs.
Diverse plant mixtures sustain a greater arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore viability than monocultures after 12 years
Authors: Dietrich Peter , Roscher Christiane , Clark Adam Thomas , Eisenhauer Nico , Schmid Bernhard , Wagg Cameron
Published: June 2020

Aims

Intensive land management practices can compromise soil biodiversity, thus jeopardizing long-term soil productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a pivotal role in promoting soil productivity through obligate symbiotic associations with plants. However, it is not clear how properties of plant communities, especially species richness and composition influence the viability of AMF populations in soils.

Methods

Here we test whether monocultures of eight plant species from different plant functional groups, or a diverse mixture of plant species, maintain more viable AMF propagules. To address this question, we extracted AMF spores from 12-year old plant monocultures and mixtures and paired single AMF spores with single plants in a factorial design crossing AMF spore origin with plant species identity.

Important Findings

AMF spores from diverse plant mixtures were more successful at colonizing multiple plant species and plant individuals than AMF spores from plant monocultures. Furthermore, we found evidence that AMF spores originating from diverse mixtures more strongly increased biomass than AMF from monocultures in the legume Trifolium repens L. AMF viability and ability to interact with many plant species were greater when AMF spores originated from 12-year old mixtures than monocultures. Our results show for the first time that diverse plant communities can sustain AMF viability in soils and demonstrate the potential of diverse plant communities to maintain viable AMF propagules that are a key component to soil health and productivity.