bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study: Using trends in liver function tests to predict spontaneous passage of common bile duct stones in choledocholithiasis
Authors: Bidarmaghz Bardia , Sabat Nestor , Sharma Aditya , McGregor Hugh , Wong Jason
Published: August 2023

Aim: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the modality of choice in patients who are diagnosed with choledocholithiasis, but it carries potentially life-threatening risks and is not readily available in rural hospitals. Due to the lack of access to this service, trend of liver function tests is often used to predict the spontaneous passage of common bile duct (CBD) stone to prevent performing a negative ERCP. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the trend of liver function tests can be used to predict passage of common bile duct stone in patients who have radiological evidence of choledocholithiasis.

Methods: The liver function tests (LFTs) of patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis at two separate hospitals in New Zealand and Australia were collected at two points retrospectively. The change in LFT values between diagnosis and immediately prior to ERCP was analyzed.

Results: Total of 409 patients were selected with 108 (26%) and 301 (74%) patients from Australia and New Zealand, respectively. Demographic and LFT values were statistically different between the two centers, but the female sex was significantly predominant in both. Cumulative data showed that 37% of patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis had no stone during the ERCP procedure. Increased age was statistically significant in patients with a persistent stone on ERCP. Importantly, there was no statistical difference between LFT values of patients with persistent gallstones shown on ERCP compared to those who have passed their gallstones spontaneously. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly associated with a persistent gallstone (p = 0.041), but its clinical value is questionable.

Conclusion: Decreasing trend in LFTs and their individual components are poor predictors of persistent gallstones in patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis. Two-thirds of these patients have persistent stones and ERCP remains an important diagnostic and therapeutic modality for patients at significant risk of disease complications.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGOLAHAN JERUK MENJADI PRODUK ALTERNATIF DI DESA PETUNG SEWU
Authors: Kesuma Ruth Febriana , Wicaksono Soetam Rizky , Broto Felik Sad Windu Wisnu , Putrianto Novenda Kartika
Published: August 2023

: Desa Petungsewu di Kabupaten Malang terkenal dengan potensi lokalnya yaitu buah jeruk Pada musim panen, kuantitas buah jeruk yang dihasilkan sangat melimpah. Namun oleh warga setempat, buah jeruk hanya dijual saja sehingga harganya cenderung turun pada saat musim panen. Di sisi lain, melimpahnya buah jeruk Desa Petungsewu berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi produk yang memiliki nilai jual secara ekonomi. Buah jeruk dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi beragam olahan non pangan, seperti lilin aromaterapi, sabun, ataupun lotion anti nyamuk. Pendampingan yang dilakukan, selain dikarenakan potensi dari buah jeruk, juga berdasarkan lokasi desa yang cukup dekat dengan Universitas Ma Chung. Metode yang dilakukan dalm aktifitas ini dimulai dengan mengadakan FGD (Focus Group Discussion) lalu dilanjutkan dengan pelaksanaan workshop. Selanjutnya dilakukan pendampingan hingga produk dapat siap dipasarkan. Tahapan akhir berupa evaluasi dari peserta mengenai pelaksanaan aktifitas pengabdian. Hasil dari aktifitas ini telah berhasil dilaksanakan, namun masih membutuhkan pendampingan lanjutan untuk pemasaran produk tersebut.
PELATIHAN PERANGKAT LUNAK PERKANTORAN UNTUK APARAT DESA WAY LAYAP PESAWARAN
Authors: Sushanty Saleh  , Indera  , Nursiyanto
Published: August 2023

Pelatihan perangkat lunak perkantoran pada aparat desa merupakan kegiatan penting untuk membantu dalam mengurus pengolahan administrasi desa. Dalam kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dilaksanakan di Desa Way Layap Kelurahan Gedung Tataan Kabupaten Pesawaran berupa pemberian pelatihan dan pendampingan pengolahan administrasi dengan menggunakan Ms.Office bagi Aparatur Desa. Para aparatur desa diberikan pengenalan pelatihan pembuatan mail merge, surat menyurat, pengaturan dokumen hingga pembuatan dokumen dengan cepat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan sebagai salah satu tugas Dosen yang tertuang dalam Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, tentang kewajiban melakukan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, hasil Pengabdian ini bermanfat dalam membantu mewujudkan Pemerintah Desa yang professional, efisien dan efektif, bertanggungjawab serta meningkatnya pelayanan publik khususnya dalam hal penyediaan data, penyajian data dan pembaharuan data kependudukan maupun data lainnya.
PENYULUHAN INTERNET SEHAT SEBAGAI EDUKASI DAN INFORMASI BAGI ANGGOTA FATAYAT NU KECAMATAN CILEDUG TANGERANG
Authors: Devy Putri Kussanti  , Fifit Fitriansyah  , Susilowati  , Parlin Harbet
Published: August 2023

The increasingly advanced digitalization in Indonesia has led to the rise of crime in cyberspace. This can be anticipated by providing education about how to surf the internet in a healthy and good way in cyberspace. The intensity of internet use is increasing during the covid-19 pandemic and this is then accompanied by an increase in internet use that is not good when surfing the internet. This was then used as an anticipatory measure by Fatayat, Ciledug District, Tangerang in order to avoid healthy internet violations. In addition, many of the community service participants still lack information and understanding about healthy internet. The existence of community service this time with the counseling method on healthy internet is expected to provide additional references regarding surfing in cyberspace properly and ethically and also increase the vigilance of Fatayat members, Ciledug District, Tangerang in the current digitalization era. Extension activities are carried out using a virtual communication method via zoom, this is to minimize crowds and new clusters of covid-19, especially during the omnicorn type of covid.
PENYULUHAN PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA SAAT MENSTRUASI
Authors: Dewi Andariya Ningsih  , Eliyawati  , Istidamatul Ludvia  , Lutfiatur Rohmani  , Ganis Yunita Prativie  , Yeni kurniawati  , Dewi Qurrotul A’yun  , Siti Romlah  , Tiara Indriani  , Susiana  , Umi Nur Kholifah  , Silaturrohmih  , Siti Hilmi Musyarrofah  , Siti Nurhidayati
Published: August 2023

Remaja putri yang sudah matang alat reproduksi maupun hormon-hormon dalam tubuhnya akan mengalami menstruasi. Pengetahuan tentang menstruasi sangat dibutuhkan oleh remaja putri karena merupakan bagian paling penting, mengingat pengaruhnya terhadap setiap orang dan mencakup banyak aspek kehidupan, sejak dalam kandungan sampai usia lanjut. Pendidikan mengenai reproduksi remaja sudah seharusnya diberikan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mencegah bias seks maupun pengetahuan tentang reproduksi di kalangan remaja. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat sebagian besar santri remaja putri belum menerapkan personal hygiene yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan sebagian besar remaja putri belum paham akan pentingnya menjaga kebersihan daerah kewanitaan.
EDUKASI DAN PENDAMPINGAN KEWAJIBAN PERPAJAKAN PADA LAYANAN JASA KESEHATAN DALAM PEMANFAATAN INSENTIF PERPAJAKAN DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Nilam Kesuma  , Abdul Rohman  , Efva Ghozali  , M. Ichsan Siregar
Published: August 2023

Pendapatan jasa layanan kesehatan menjadi salah satu perbincangan selama pandemi covid-19. Pendapatan jasa layanan kesehatan tidak hanya berasal dari alokasi jasa medis, tetapi juga berasal dari komponen lainnya seperti jasa layanan umum. Berdasarkan PMK No. 34/PMK.04/2020 pemerintah Indonesia memberikan insentif perpajakan pada jasa layanan kesehatan yang menangani covid-19. Pendapatan jasa layanan ini tidak dipungut pajak karena penerimaan negara bukan pajak dan puskesmas serta jasa kesehatan lainnya melakukan belanja barang atau jasa dalam bentuk upah, gaji, honorarium, dan imbalan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian yaitu memberikan pemahaman kepada peserta agar dapat menghitung kewajiban perpajakannya dan dapat memanfaatkan fasilitas perpajakan selama pandemi covid-19 dan dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan perpajakan di Puskes. Kegiatan ini dilakukan oleh 30 perwakilan bendahara dari jasa kesehatan yang ada Kota Palembang. Metode yang digunakan adalah bimbingan teknis mengenai kewajiban dan tata cara pemanfaatan insentif perpajakan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah sebagian peserta dapat memahami manfaat dan fungsi pajak, tata cara perhitungan, pembayaran dan pelaporan kewajiban perpajakan, serta dapat memanfaatkan insentif perpajakan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah
OPTIMALISASI PIJAT BAYI CARA JOHNSON DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BULUROKENG MAKASSARDAN INDIA PADA PETUGAS KESEHATAN DAN KADER POSYANDU
Authors: Asmawati Gasma  , Djuhadiah Saadong  , Yonathan Ramba  , Indriani Amin
Published: August 2023

Angka kematian bayi merupakan salah satu indicator RPJMN dan SDGs. Tujuan yang dimaksud adalah menurunkan angka kematian bayi menjadi 24/1000 KH. Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bulurokeng belum optimal melakukan pijat bayi.  Salah satu upaya untuk  meningkatkan kualitas hidup bayi yaitu melakukan pijat bayi. Kegiatan pengabdian dimaksudkan untuk mengoptimalkan  pijat bayi cara Johnson dan India di wilayah Puskesmas tersebut melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petugas Kesehatan dan kader posyandu serta menjadi Inovasi dan kegiatan rutin posyandu. Kegiatan pelatihan dengan metode ceramah, Simulasi, Praktik di lapangan. Tahapannya adalah Pretest-Posttest pengetahuan, dilanjutkan dengan simulasi menggunakan boneka, dilanjutkan dengan demonstrasi menggunakan bayi oleh pengabdi. Hasil post test keterampilan pijat bayi, yaitu semua  petugas dan kader Kesehatan yang ikut pelatihan semua mahir pijat bayi cara Johnson dan india, sehingga dicanangkan menjadi produk Inovasi Puskesmas Bulurokeng tahun 2019sampai sekarang
Pelatihan Membangun Aplikasi Sederahana Berbasis Android dan Web Tanpa Koding Bagi Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Terpadu Pekanbaru
Authors: Yulisman Yulisman , Rahmalisa Uci , Kurniawan Bambang
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Aplikasi merupakan teknologi perangkat lunak yang sangat dibutuhkan dan bisa diakses kapanpun, dimanapun kita berada, terutama yang berbasis Web dan Android baik yang gratis maupun yang berbayar. Aplikasi juga bisa dibuat sendiri, namun untuk membuat aplikasi sendiri selama ini masyarakat berpikiran butuh keahlian, biaya yang mahal dan lama dalam pembuatan/membangun nya. Tujuannya disini ingin mengadakan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengetahuan membuat/membangun aplikasi yang sederhana yang berbasis android dan web, terutama bagi siswa/i SMK. SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Terpadu Pekanbaru untuk Jurusan Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan. Metode pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan praktek langsung dan tata muka di ruangan labor komputer SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Terpadu Pekanbaru. Siswa/i dalam melaksanakan praktek membuat/membangun aplikasi akan didampingi langsung oleh tim pengabdian masyarakat. Aplikasi yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah aplikasi google sites yang merupakan aplikasi gratis yang disediakan oleh google yang bersifat cloud. Membuat sebuah aplikasi di google sites, baik itu berbasis android maupun web, bisa dilakukan secara bersamaan dan bisa tanpa menggunakan koding bahasa pemrograman tertentu. Dari pelaksanaan pelatihan pada siswa/i didapat hasil untuk tingkat pemahaman siswa/i terhadap materi pelatihan sesuai dengan pengamatan serta diskusi singkat dengan siswa/i yang dikuatkan dari kuesioner yang telah diisi oleh siswa/i, maka yang paham materi pelatihan terdapat 18 orang siswa/i = 75%, yang cukup paham ada 4 orang siswa/i =17%, dan kurang paham ada 8% deri 2 orang siswa/i serta yang tidak paham 0%. Membangun sebuah aplikasi tidak mesti identik dengan bahasa pemrograman, lama dan mahal.
PEMBERDAYAAN LEMBAGA MASYARAKAT DESA HUTAN (LMDH) MAJU LESTARI MELALUI BRANDING IMAGE BUDIDAYA LEBAH TRIGONA DI DESA SUKAMAJU KECAMATAN CIHAURBEUTI KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Irfan Nursetiawan  , Ii Sujai  , Faizal Haris Eko Prabowo  , Dini Yuliani
Published: August 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan kegiatan ekonomi yang berdampak pada penurunan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat perdesaan. Hal tersebut juga berdampak pada Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) Maju Lestari yang berlokasi di Desa Sukamaju Kecamatan Cihaurbeuti Kabupaten Ciamis yang mengalami penurunan pendapatan dari hasil hutan. Tahapan yang telah dilaksanakan dalam skema Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Universitas Galuh, yaitu: (1) tahap persiapan; (2) tahap pengkajian; (3) tahap perencanaan program; (4) tahap implementasi program; dan (5) tahap evaluasi program. Pelaksanaan PKM ini telah dilaksanakan dengan hasil, sebagai berikut: (1) adanya inisiatif untuk melakukan branding image; (2) peningkatan pengetahuan LMDH tentang budidaya lebah trigona; dan (3) inisiasi pengembangan budidaya lebah trigona berkelanjutan.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PRAKTIK: PEMBUATAN SABUN CUCI TANGAN SEBAGAI BENTUK KEMANDIRIAN DAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK SD NEGERI 2 SEMANGKAK
Authors: Muhammad Teuku Arfat
Published: August 2023

Pembelajaran merupakan kegiatan yang terjadi dikarenakan adanya interaksi antara guru atau pengajar dengan peserta didik pada suatu lingkungan belajar. Banyak guru atau pendidik yang berlomba-lomba memberikan bermacam-macam jenis strategi pembelajaran yang kreatif yang menunjang suatu sistem kegiatan belajar dan mengajar di kelas. Dari banyaknya strategi pembelajaran yang ada, pembelajaran berbasis Praktik atau eksperimen diyakini dapat membuat level pemahaman peserta didik lebih optimal. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah melakukan sebuah terobosan baru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran yang ada di SD Negeri 2 Semangkak, Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Hal baru yang dibawa oleh penulis dan tim merupakan penggunaan sistem pembelajaran berbasis praktik atau eksperimen dapat membuka jalan untuk menjadi pribadi yang mandiri dan memiliki gaya berpikir yang kritis melalui kegiatan praktik membuat sabun cuci tangan.
Letter of Consent of the Goat’s Hair Processing Guild in Tarnovo, November 6, 1872
Authors: Atanasova Svetla
Published: August 2023

The consent letter of Goat’s Hair Processing Guild in Tarnovo dated back in November 6, 1872 is a contract (agreement) between the members of the governing body, attached with their signatures, seals and fingerprints for compliance with certain clauses, as an integral part of the statute (law) and the rules of the corporate organization. The analysis of the preserved manuscript texts in Bulgarian answers a number of questions related to the social status and property status of the representatives of the guild of Goat’s hair processing, the level of education and literacy, the membership and the participation of master craftsmen from nearby settlements in the association. In a comparative analysis with other documents from an earlier and/or later historical period, a repetition of the names of some of the Tarnovo craft’s men(mutafchii) – participants in the board of directors, is noticeable. They are represented in various incarnations as benefactors, wealthy merchants or members of the municipal council. The graphic prints of the personal and official seals on the document, their technical parameters and artistic analysis cast new light on the biographies of their holders before 1872. The collected historical information about the activities of the goat’s-hair rugs makers’ guild in Tarnovo in 1872 – extracted from the document, is systematized and analyzed in separate annexes. These include facsimiles, a list of members of the governing body and a catalogue of the official and personal seals.
Pelatihan Strategi Pemasaran Digital Produk Teh Herbal Seledri
Authors: Wibisono Sukarno Himawan , As'adi  , Mukoffi Ahmad , Sulistiyowati Yayuk
Published: August 2023

Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 menuntut UMKM Teh Herbal Seledri untuk terus mengembangkan diri dan mengikuti perkembangan teknologi guna tetap bersaing dalam memasarkan produk mereka. Digitalisasi menawarkan peluang besar bagi UMKM untuk memperluas jangkauan konsumen dan mempermudah akses terhadap produk Teh Herbal Seledri sehingga produk dapat lebih dikenal dan manfaatnya lebih dipahami oleh masyarakat. Namun, untuk dapat bersaing secara efektif, kesiapan sumber daya manusia dalam menggunakan teknologi menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Keterbatasan pemahaman tentang teknologi menjadi kendala utama bagi UMKM dalam mengoperasikan alat-alat digital yang sudah tersedia dan menentukan strategi pemasaran yang tepat untuk membuat produk mereka menarik bagi konsumen. Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pemahaman kepada UMKM Teh Herbal Seledri terkait strategi pemasaran produk secara digital dan pentingnya penyusunan laporan keuangan yang baik untuk mengukur kinerja usaha. Dengan demikian, diharapkan hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah meningkatnya pendapatan UMKM Teh Herbal Seledri melalui penerapan strategi pemasaran digitalisasi yang efektif dan pengelolaan keuangan yang lebih baik.
Students and higher education institutions relationship: emotional commitment, loyalty and love brand
Authors: Carvalhal Breno , Almeida Luciana Florêncio De , Bruno Henrique De Araujo
Published: August 2023

Objective: The present research purpose consisted of investigate the strength of social and academic integration, perceived quality and trust to emotional commitment to Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and its relationship with loyalty, as well as testing the impact of loyalty to HEI on brand love
Methodology: A survey method was applied with undergraduate students from a private HEI (named here as ALPHA) with 3 campuses located in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre, totaling 306 valid questionnaires.           
Originality: The novelty consisted of replicate an adapted version of the RQSL model using only variables with high predictive power as presented in previous research. Additionally, the brand love construct was added as outcome of the student loyalty. The results demonstrated that the adaptation proved to be a reliable predictive instrument to explain that the students' loyalty to a private HEI is strongly linked to their emotional commitment.
 Main results: The research showed the strength of three antecedents in the construction of students' emotional commitment to HEI, namely: social and academic integration, perceived quality and trust. Brand love emerged as a significant outcome of student loyalty to a HEI. In this sense, the greater the emotional commitment, the greater the student's loyalty and, consequently, the greater brand love to the HEI.
Theoretical Contributions: The results showed that among the four antecedent factors, social integration has a significant force. In this sense, one might consider that feeling of participation in the group and the sense of belonging are considered of great importance by the students, in addition to factors such as quality, trust and academic integration.
End-of-Waste Criteria of the Bauxite Red Mud
Authors: Vukčević M
Published: August 2023

The main objective of this document is to present the End-of-Waste (EoW) criteria for the bauxite red mud. EoW criteria are based on the different EoW approaches and criteria existing around the European Union (EU), especially for Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) and the results obtained in the CINDERELA project (EU contr. No. 776751). This EoW criteria protocol could facilitate the recycling process of bauxite red mud thus guiding Republic of Montenegro to implement EoW criteria for this waste, which is landfilled in huge quantity (8 million tonnes) near Podgorica. This document will define the product status, its technical quality and applicability as well as its environmental and human health issues.
Snakes of the Sahyadri
Authors: Thakur Sanjay
Published: August 2023

This article is a compilation of the snake species found in the ranges of Sahyadri in Maharashtra. The IUCN category given in the list is for species distributed throughout India.
Black Swan Theory of Events and the Impact to Hospitality Operators: Literature Review and Proposed Analysis
Authors: Kent Steven
Published: August 2023

The Black Swan theory of events is an incident that deviates beyond what is normally expected of a situation and is extremely difficult to predict (Talib, 2007). Black Swan events impact the hospitality industry in many ways. Weather, widespread illness, civil unrest, terrorism, and loss of utilities are out of the immediate control of the industry’s participants but impact their results. Occurrences at the property/corporate level can also impact performance in ways such as: food contaminants impacting restaurants, cruise ships losing power, running a ground, or sinking, experiencing a widespread Nora virus, hotels face fires, strikes, data breaches, boycotts, as well as events such as amusement parks having ride fatalities and animal welfare protests, etc. All of these events are quickly spread by multiple news sources, and consumers are able to search quickly using Google or other search engines to get more details.Previous studies have looked at the aftereffects of exogenous—or self-inflicted— events, and how management teams reacted or did not react and the impact to operating results (Kosova & Enz, 2012). However, there is a paucity of academic analysis of Black Swan events to determine whether there is a way to reduce the impact.
Community Perceptions on Health and Environmental Implications of Poor Management of Solid Waste Materials around local Dump Sites in the Buea Municipality, Cameroon
Authors: Nkuh Yinkfu Randy , Namondo Eleme Clara , Kah Titamoh Bridget , Nteimaah Landoh Nelson , Ayuk Agborneke Kelvin
Published: August 2023

Numerous urban areas are today faced with many challenges posed by poor waste management and disposal especially in the developing countries. Analogously, these challenges are faced by urban dwellers in the Buea Municipality. The study aims at assessing the health and environmental implications of poor waste management in the Buea Municipality. It is an observatory and interrogatory study with a cross-sectional research design and dealing with 250 household dwellers selected through the simple random sampling technique. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires, interview guides, and field observations, supplemented with secondary data from magazines and published articles. Data collected were added codes and themes and inputted on Excel Version 17 and SPSS Version 13. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were adopted to establish percentiles, frequencies and magnitudes. Findings revealed that the siege population in the Buea municipality lacks adequate waste management facilities and this has pushed a significant proportion of them to always dump their waste materials generated from their booming domestic and economic activities into drainage channels, roadsides, and pits. The poor management of these waste materials has resulted to the occurrence of water and airborne diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera and typhoid fever affecting the population. Portable water sources and homes are also polluted by effluence from these waste dump sites. Urban dwellers adapt by boiling water from contaminated sources and cleaning up of nearby dirty gutters but their efforts are unfruitful. The work concludes that the Buea Municipality offers perennial and inter-generational opportunities to its population and recommends that holistic and bottom-top approaches such as daily clean-up campaigns; provision of trash-cans as well as the sensitization of the general community must be implemented in order to provide a congenial environment for the population.
Addressing Post-Award Court Proceedings In Taiwan: A Case To Exclude Judicial Review
Authors: Yang Huai-Ching
Published: August 2023

Arbitration is widely used in public construction cases in Taiwan. Unfortunately, recent cases have shown that while arbitral awards may be made within a reasonable time, delays in the post-award in court proceedings is a cause of dismay and frustration for the successful party. This paper considers the possibility of excluding the right of recourse to courts against arbitral decisions, by either abolishing it by domestic law or permitting parties to the contract out of such. It concludes with the proposal for minor legislative change to the Taiwan Arbitration Law.

Taiwan, setting aside awards, public construction, government procurement, concession agreement, exclusion agreement, STSP v Sheus, and manifest unfairness.
The Regulation of NFTs: Much Ado About Nothing?
Authors: Aksoy Pinar Caglayan
Published: August 2023

The year 2021 was marked by the rise of NFTs (non-fungible tokens). The widespread use and sales volume of NFTs have created a wide range of legal problems regarding contract, property, capital markets, intellectual property, consumer law, and criminal and tax laws. The first step toward resolving these legal problems would be to define crypto assets and determine how they relate to NFTs. Even though most governments in the world have opted for the regulation of crypto assets, or at least are preparing to do so, NFTs fall into a grey regulatory zone. This is true for both civil law countries and common law countries. For instance, most NFT marketplaces in the world do not apply ‘know your customer’ (KYC) and anti-money laundering (AML) requirements. The taxation of NFTs is highly debated. It can even be concluded that most countries are somehow reluctant to regulate NFTs and NFT marketplaces. To understand the legal regime that will be applied to NFTs, currently, the definition of the term ‘crypto asset’ or ‘virtual asset’ is observed. Is the regulation of crypto assets fit for the unique characteristics of NFTs? Should legal systems develop a specific and unique understanding of NFTs? Or has that time not come yet?

Regulation, Web 3.0, NFT, Crypto assets, Digital assets, Blockchain
Editorial: We Need to Know When Previous Case-Law Has Been ‘Overruled’! - A Plea for More Legal Certainty in EU Tax
Authors: Cordewener Axel
Published: August 2023

In its recent judgment inW AG the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) fundamentally departed in substance from earlier case-law concerning the treatment of ‘final losses’ incurred by foreign permanent establishments. However, like in other tax cases before, the Court did not clarify that previous decisions (in particular, Lidl Belgium) are ‘overruled’ now. This causes unnecessary damage to legal certainty in the area of EU tax law, and the CJEU should reconsider this approach towards ‘overruling’ in future cases. Furthermore, situations of ‘overruling’ also deserve special attention within the framework of the current reform of the preliminary ruling system.

overruling, legal certainty, direct taxation, final losses, Marks & Spencer doctrine, preliminary ruling, Court of Justice, General Court, Grand Chamber, CJEU Statute, CJEU Rules of Procedure
Unbundling of the Electricity Distribution System Operator (DSO): Refining and Extending the EU Law Regime
Authors: Vanhove Simon
Published: August 2023

The Clean Energy Package laid the foundations of a more sophisticated unbundling regime for distribution system operators (DSO’s) for electricity. In this article, I propose a systematic analysis of this new regime. I first distinguish vertical from horizontal unbundling. The latter is then further divided in those activities explicitly governed by EU energy law, and a residual category. This residual category amounts to a core business test on behalf of the DSO. Moreover, I propose to extend the EU unbundling regime for DSO in two ways. First, the scope should also cover entities in the same corporate group. Second, it should apply to specific financial burdens on the grid infrastructure for goals other than distribution activities.

EU energy law, distribution system operator (DSO), electricity, unbundling, flexibility services, electromobility, energy storage, core business test
Thinking Past Naivete: Investment Screening by the EU as a Problem of (Mis)trust in International Relations
Authors: Misra Manu
Published: August 2023

The EU’s investment screening mechanism (ISM) has been a prime example of the unilateral turn in EU trade and investment policy and of a broader global trend of a rise in ISMs. Being a champion of market liberalization and open investment regimes, however, for the EU to introduce a regulatory barrier to cross-border capital flows is particularly remarkable. This contribution argues that conceptually, ISMs may be understood as exposing a problem of trust in international relations (IR) and that a greatly consequential, if not decisive, underlying factor affecting both the introduction and usage of the EU ISM has been the level of trust between the EU and the People’s Republic of China. The introduction of the EU ISM is a symptom of mistrust in EU-China relations in its legislative form, and a test of trust in its individual decisions at Member State (MS) level. Discussing the above, the article aims to fulfil two objectives. First, it demonstrates how the concept of trust can illustrate the genesis and later the functioning of the EU ISM. Secondly, it explores what legal tools may be adopted to either rebuild trust or to render trust inessential by curtailing the security vulnerabilities which require it.

EU External Affairs, China, Foreign Investment, FDI, Investment Screening, National Security, Trust
The EU Directive on Women on Boards
Authors: Hickman Eleanore
Published: August 2023

After 10 years of delay, in November 2022 the EU passed the Directive on improving the gender balance among non-executive directors of companies listed on stock exchanges. This Directive imposes a 40% quota in respect of the underrepresented gender for listed company boards in the EU. The aim is to diversify corporate boardrooms and thereby boost economic growth and gender equality (among other objectives). In this paper I look at the mechanisms of the Directive and consider their practical effect and potential impact. I also ask whether the Directive has missed an opportunity to make a more tangible difference to gender equality by failing to effectively consider executive director diversity. I reach the conclusion that the Directive, as drafted, might have been suitable 10 years ago but is not necessarily today. The changes of the last 10 years threaten to mean the Directive becomes obsolete before its pre-destined end date in 2038.

boardroom diversity, gender equality, quota, directors, company law, corporate governance, European Union
RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS INDICADORES DO ENOS E OS AEROSSÓIS ATMOSFÉRICOS EM UM SITE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Pereira Augusto Gabriel da Costa , Barros Lucas Rangel Coringa , Palácios Rafael da Silva
Published: August 2023

O El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) é um fenômeno do acoplamento oceano-atmosfera de escala climática que se manifesta em fases positivas (El Niño) e negativas (La Niña) no Oceano Pacífico, com influência através de teleconexões atmosféricas que alteram os padrões dos elementos meteorológicos globalmente. Na Amazônia, possivelmente  mudanças provocadas pelo ENOS em suas diferentes fases alteram a distribuição espaço-temporal dos aerossóis atmosféricos. Nesse sentido o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação entre os indicadores de ENOS e os aerossóis atmosféricos em um site da Amazônia, entre o período de 2000 a 2017. Utilizou-se a análise de correlação cruzada (CC), que indica as relações temporais defasadas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma significância estatística entre os indicadores do ENOS e as estimativas de profundidade ótica do aerossol (AOD). Notou-se uma considerável semelhança entre as regiões Niño 3, 3.4 e 4 em relação à AOD, principalmente no que diz respeito à periodicidade. Entretanto, destaca-se uma notável discrepância entre os resultados obtidos para os indicadores Niño 1+2 e IOS em relação à AOD, especialmente nas defasagens entre -4 e 4.
Renewing human rights: Inequality, climate and technology at the heart of the human rights agenda
Authors: Griffiths David
Published: August 2023

In an era of compounding challenges that pose significant risks to societies worldwide – particularly rising economic inequality, climate change and biodiversity loss, and rapid technological advancement – there is a crucial role for the human rights system to contribute to bold and creative global responses. The 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in December 2023, is a time to reflect on how the human rights system as it has evolved since 1948 can remain relevant to a world that is very different to the one in which the declaration came into being. This briefing paper argues that there is true opportunity for renewal. It examines how the human rights system should seek to achieve positive change; and proposes an agenda for how human rights can be applied to some of the greatest challenges now facing our world. Of course, a focus on the challenges of inequality, climate and technology does not mean turning away from other human rights priorities. In particular, at a time when many civil and political rights are under serious threat, the role of human rights in holding open the space for meaningful civic participation must remain a priority.
High-intensity, Low-frequency Ultrasound Treatment as Sustainable Strategy to Develop Innovative Biomaterials from Agri-food Byproducts and Wastes
Authors: Celton Colleen , Caton Simon , Akoetey Winifred , Nicol Robert , Hosseinian Farah
Published: August 2023

Bioconversion is an important avenue for finding value from biomass waste produced by the agricultural industry. One avenue of conversion is the development of upcycling byproducts and waste from food processing to value-added products. This includes degradable biomaterials which have real potential to reduce waste, improving economic, social and environmental impacts. As such, this research paper was focused on exploring two avenues of bioconversion from waste products of tomato skin, hemp meal and hops vines: identification of phytochemicals and the development of bioplastic. Combined to these researches, the effect of Ultrasound as a green technology was studied in both contexts. It was found that Ultrasound treatment reduced extraction time for saponin and phenolic acid from tomato skin, hemp meal and/or hops vines from 24h to 30 min. However, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) was shown to affect the phenolic acid and saponin profiles of certain extracts.

Ultrasound treatment was shown to positively impact the overall microscopic structure and qualities of bioplastic such as water activity, percentage moisture, hardness, cohesiveness, resilience, and springiness index. This study suggests that Ultrasound can be used as sustainable non-thermal method for extraction of active saponins and phenolics but also in bioplastic formulation to enhance physico-chemical characteristic.
Behavior of Flexible Pavements by the Addition of Plastic Waste
Authors: Vamsi SVN Anil , Gopi Y. , Raheem SK. Abdul , Reddy V. Narasimha , Kumar Y. Manoj , Rao T. Hanumanth , Reddy B. Sri Charan
Published: August 2023

Plastic trash production and disposal pose a serious threat to the environment, causing pollution and global warming. The characteristics and strength of plastic trash used in bituminous roads and pavements are improved. Also, it will be beneficial for India as a way to handle plastic waste disposal and numerous road/pavement flaws including ruts, potholes, corrugation, etc. Polythene, polystyrene, and polypropylene are the types of plastic trash that are used. The waste plastic is crushed, covered with gravel, and combined with hot bitumen to create a mixture that is used to build roads and pavement. The pavement will be strengthened and become more durable as a result. Its ground-breaking technology will also work in India's hot, humid climate. Both environmentally sustainable and cost-effective.
Partial Replacement of Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Kumar M. Ravi , Baji N. , Kumar B. Raj , Babu E. , Kuma G. Manoj , Bharath N.
Published: August 2023

The choice to carry out this investigation was made in response to the fact that natural aggregate (coarse and fine) that complies with Indian Standards is currently getting harder to find and more expensive because of its delayed availability caused by land use regulations, illegal dredging associated with the sand mafia, and accessibility to the river source during the rainy season. In light of this, a study was done to see what would happen if natural sand were largely replaced with stone dust in concrete. An experimental program using partial replacements of fine aggregate with stone dust at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was undertaken for concrete of M25 grade with a 0.46 water cement ratio. In this investigation, sets of cubes and beams were cast for compressive.
Development of New Composites Using Industrial by Products
Authors: Kumar A. Srujan , Meenakshi K. Naga , reddy G. Venkata Narayana , Raju G. , Honey Ch. , reddy P. Anil Kumar
Published: August 2023

In this paper thesis describes an experimental investigation of magnesium based cement mortar which consists of fly ash, magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium Phosphate (MgPO4) and Phosphate tailings. This magnesia based cements are emerged as a viable alternative to Portland cement, with both technical and sustainability advantages. This study aims to use the mixture of cement, fly ash and magnesia. The major drawback of delayed setting time can be eliminated with the use of magnesia based cement. Hence, in this study different admixtures such as magnesium oxide, magnesium phosphate, phosphate tailings are attempted. Initial and final setting time of plain cement, fly ash cement and magnesia based cement are determined and found that the small dosage of magnesium compound reduced the setting time. Further, magnesia based cements are reported to be used along with sea water without much negative effect. In view of all these, this study proposed a magnesia based cement as an alternative for conventional Portland cement. Industrial wastes such as fly ash, and phosphate tailings are used in this study.
Effect on workability and compressive strength of M40 grade of concrete by partial replacement of cement by Nano Tio2
Authors: Chandra Ch. Dinesh , Kumar K. Manoj , Dhatrikamakshi A. , Mohiddin Sk. Khaja , Vamsi T. , Sathwik Ch. , Kumar Praveen
Published: August 2023

TiO2 is one of the most often used pigment ingredients in paints due to its many benefits. TiO2 can be used as a filler material in concrete to fill in cracks, voids, fissures, bleeding channels, and other gaps, hence increasing the concrete's strength. The goal of the current work is to examine how well M40 grade high strength concrete performs when nanomaterials are used. This has been done by partially substituting nano titanium dioxide (tio2) for cement (varying from 0.5% to 2%). By performing the slump cone test and the compaction factor test, it was possible to compare the workability of M40 grade concrete with and without the addition of nano tio2. Finally, compression, split tensile, and flexural tests have been used to assess the strength properties of both types of concrete.
The Design of Traffic Signals at Intersection
Authors: Rambabu K. , Kumar M Kranthi , Naveen V. , Venkateswarareddy G. , Ramudu N. , Deepthi Y. , Krishna T. Vamsi
Published: August 2023

The traffic volume at intersections has been arising a problem which leads to accidents, conflicts and congestions. An efficient traffic control at intersections helps in reduction of delays of all vehicles and the probability of crashes. The movement of vehicles efficiency is increased by providing traffic signals, roundabouts, channelized islands at an intersection. Signal timing is most important if we use traffic signals in which green time decides the efficiency of movement of vehicles along with pedestrian walk timing. At an intersection, traffic volume studies are done with the movement and classification of vehicles along with the geometric elements of the road. The video graphic method is used to collect the volume of vehicles for every 15- minutes interval and converted into PCU units. Webster’s and IRC code method are used for signal design. Saturation flow, lost times and passenger car units, width of the road are the significant parameters used to optimize the signal timing in planning, design and control of signalized intersection.
Evaluating The Performance of Acid-Treated (Hcl-Hno3) Recycled Aggregate in Environmentally Friendly Concrete
Authors: Madhavarao DR. G. , Sai T.V. Dheeraz , Ramya T. , Mahesh T. , Divya M. , Babu B. Vasu
Published: August 2023

Its poor quality was one of the key problems preventing recycled course aggregate (RCA) from being used in concrete mixes. The quality of recycled aggregate may be impacted by cement mortar on the surface of the material. The examination of recycled aggregate in various test results employing acid soaking treatment procedures utilizing hydrochloride acid and nitric acid is the subject of this research. Natural aggregate, recycled aggregate, recycled aggregate with HCL and recycled aggregate with HNO3 are the four types of concrete mixtures that are made. Using these cleaned recycled aggregates in concrete has been proven to be beneficial. The strength and durability of concrete were also evaluated, and aggregate attributes were computed. The test findings showed. The behavior of recycled aggregate has changed according to the test results after being treated with acid. Out of these two acids, nitric acid treatment of recycled aggregates produced the best results, followed by hydrochloric acid doing only marginally better. According to the overall research, employing treated recycled aggregate in concrete can significantly increase the strength and durability properties of concrete made using recycled aggregate.
Study of Family Life style with Emphasis on the Instructions of the Holy Quran in Firoz-Koh City
Authors: Farhang Qassem , Hashemi Sayed Shir Aqa
Published: August 2023

The current research was carried out under the title of “Studying the Family Life style with Emphasis on the Instructions of the Holy Quran in the City of Firoz-Koh in 1401.” This research has been done using a qualitative approach. The technique of gathering information is structured interviews in an individual format, reading and reviewing the narrated narratives. The target population in this research is the entire family of Firoz-Koh City, whose sample population is 18 family members, the number of children, occupation and age of marriage, which was selected using a random sampling method. The obtained data have been analyzed using the theoretical coding technique. The findings of the research show that "life style" is one of the vital and important issues of human societies and covers various aspects of human life. On the other hand, the goal of the Holy Quran is to guide humans, and one of the most important components of guidance is life style. The comprehensiveness and immortality of the Qur'an require and have expressed what mankind needs in the path of its growth and perfection, and that is so. In this research, the importance of the family's place in the Holy Quran is mentioned, then the indicators of the Quranic life style in the family are introduced in religious, belief, moral, social and intellectual dimensions. Also, the harmful factors that hinder this family life style research have been analyzed.
Jeu de contextualisation de l’impératif et modulation des valeurs injonctives en usage dans Le Cercle des tropiques d’Alioun Fantouré
Authors:   Ecole Normale Supérieure –ENS- d’Abidjan, GBOGBOU Abraham , IRIE BI Mathias Gohy ,   2Université Alassane OUATTARA de Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
Published: August 2023

French grammar promotes four modes that categorize the different ways in which the verb expresses the state or action, the way in which the action expressed by the verb is conceived and presented (doubt, reality, eventuality, etc.). This linguistic feature that runs through the enunciation carries the semantic feature (aspects) and the morphological feature (inflections / conjugation) of the verbs. These modes are the indicative, the subjunctive, the conditional and the imperative. The last-mentioned, generally speaking, is attributed by the users of the French language with the sole function of giving an order to an individual or collective interlocutor. In fact, it is also the mode of supplication, prohibition and advice. The argument underlying the present study in terms of hypothesis is that the imperative is a mode of invitation whose form depends on the (enunciation) context. This fundamental value can be observed throughout the pages of Alioun Fantouré's Le Cercle des Tropiques. The specific final objective here is to reveal all the subtleties of the use of this mode. In the game of analyzes and to ensure the stake which implies them, is calles to the rescure the pragmatic in particular in one of its components that is the theory of acts of language as initiated by John Austin. Key words: Imperative, Game of Contextualisation, Modulation, injunctive value, modal value.
Parentalité et édification de la paix dans Les nouveaux veufs mariés de Gabriel Tagne
Authors:   Université de Kara, TAKA Mawaya
Published: August 2023

The writing of parenthood aims at anchoring the family unit and the responsibility of parents in the construction and building of a modern society in the values of living together, peace and human and sustainable development. Motivated by the theme of parental responsibility in the modern construction of man's societal project, in the face of the wavering foundations of the family in the integral development of the human being, Gabriel's work contains the beginnings of a new dawn. To carry out such an analysis, we will rely on literary semiotics in order to bring out the formal and semantic structure of this play in which the writing is about parental responsibility. As a result, the play carries a writing focused on the responsibility of parents in the construction of either a conflictual society or a harmonious society Keywords: Narrative semiotics; parenting, writing about responsibility, family foundation
Anaphoric and exophoric uses of the pronoun “il(s)” in Congolese schoolchildren’s essays
Authors:   Marien Ngouabi University, Republic of Congo, Nkoula-Moulongo Solange
Published: August 2023

: In this article, we discuss the construction of discursive cohesion by examining the pronoun il(s) as anaphoric or exophoric in schoolchildren’s essays. The written productions examined are those of college students aged between 13 and 16, students for whom fluency in the French language is assumed to be acquired. The analysis focused on referential indeterminations in writings of an argumentative nature. The results indicate that anaphoric practices give rise to gender and number breaks in the link between the pronoun and the antecedent. Exophoric practices give rise to non-text referents, a phenomenon that is visibly little perceived by the learner. However, the misuse of anaphorics does not break the textual coherence. And it ultimately seems that these deviations in the use of the pronoun il(s) do not have a strong bearing on the construction of co-reference and of textual progression and coherence. Keywords: pronoun, il, anaphoric, exophoric, school writing
Pragmatics of Symbolism in Chrétien De Troyes’s Tristan and Iseult
Authors:   Université Marien Ngouabi, Congo, MOUTATI-KABOU Sylviède Nephtali
Published: August 2023

This study proposes to find out the practical meaning of symbols in Tristan and Iseult, written by Chrétien de Troyes. It starts from the observation that the author codifies his work by the means of symbolism and that each symbol does not only summarize or hide a vast reality that sometimes escapes the reader; but also takes on a situational meaning which matches the context in which it appears; hence the hypothesis: the reading of a symbol is done in accordance with the environment to which it belongs. Thus, this study, which requires a rapprochement with biblical stories, revolves around the human body, nature and colors as specific elements of analysis. Key Words: practical signification, symbols, Tristan and Iseult, codify, environment, biblical stories.