bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis of Cysteine and Methionine Metabolism and Its Regulation in Dairy Starter and Related Bacteria
Authors: Liu Mengjin , Prakash Celine , Nauta Arjen , Siezen Roland J. , Francke Christof
Published: April 2012

Sulfuric volatile compounds derived from cysteine and methionine provide many dairy products with a characteristic odor and taste. To better understand and control the environmental dependencies of sulfuric volatile compound formation by the dairy starter bacteria, we have used the available genome sequence and experimental information to systematically evaluate the presence of the key enzymes and to reconstruct the general modes of transcription regulation for the corresponding genes. The genomic organization of the key genes is suggestive of a subdivision of the reaction network into five modules, where we observed distinct differences in the modular composition between the families
Lactobacillaceae
,
Enterococcaceae
, and
Leuconostocaceae
, on the one hand, and the family
Streptococcaceae
, on the other. These differences are mirrored by the way in which transcription regulation of the genes is structured in these families. In the
Lactobacillaceae
,
Enterococcaceae
, and
Leuconostocaceae
, the main shared mode of transcription regulation is methionine (Met) T-box-mediated regulation. In addition, the gene
metK
, encoding
S
-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase, is controlled via the S
MK
box (SAM). The S
MK
box is also found upstream of
metK
in species of the family
Streptococcaceae
. However, the transcription control of the other modules is mediated via three different LysR-family regulators, MetR/MtaR (methionine), CmbR (
O
-acetyl[homo]serine), and HomR (
O
-acetylhomoserine). Redefinition of the associated DNA-binding motifs helped to identify/disentangle the related regulons, which appeared to perfectly match the proposed subdivision of the reaction network.
The effects of eccentric training on lower limb flexibility: a systematic review
Authors: O'Sullivan Kieran , McAuliffe Sean , DeBurca Neasa
Published: April 2012

Background

Reduced flexibility has been documented in athletes with lower limb injury, however, stretching has limited evidence of effectiveness in preventing injury or reducing the risk of recurrence. In contrast, it has been proposed that eccentric training can improve strength and reduce the risk of injury, and facilitate increased muscle flexibility via sarcomerogenesis.

Objectives

This systematic review was undertaken to examine the evidence that eccentric training has demonstrated effectiveness as a means of improving lower limb flexibility.

Study appraisal and synthesis methods

Six electronic databases were systematically searched by two independent reviewers to identify randomised clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of eccentric training to either a different intervention, or a no-intervention control group. Studies evaluating flexibility using both joint range of motion (ROM) and muscle fascicle length (FL) were included. Six studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and were appraised using the PEDro scale. Differences in the muscles studied, and the outcome measures used, did not allow for pooled analysis.

Results

There was consistent, strong evidence from all six trials in three different muscle groups that eccentric training can improve lower limb flexibility, as assessed using either joint ROM or muscle FL.

Conclusion

The results support the hypothesis that eccentric training is an effective method of increasing lower limb flexibility. Further research is required to compare the increased flexibility obtained after eccentric training to that obtained with static stretching and other exercise interventions.
Auto-Stack - Implementing a European Automotive Fuel Cell Stack Cluster
Authors: Martin André , Joerissen Ludwig
Published: April 2012

Currently, Europe is lacking competitive fuel cell stack development for automotive application. While some OEMs have their captive development activities in the US and Canada, others are not yet prioritizing the technology. The supply chain and research activities are fragmented and suffer from the associated strategic uncertainties. A lack of investment and consequently a lack of critical mass and momentum in automotive stack development is the consequence of the status quo. With this background, the Auto-Stack project combined key European players including automotive OEMs, component suppliers and research organizations in a structured approach to facilitate the development and commercialization of automotive fuel cells in Europe. The consortium assessed ways to identify and reduce the critical barriers for better collaboration between stakeholders and generate a more attractive business case for a European automotive stack industry during pre-commercial and early commercial phases. Activities included the development of a common OEM specification and stack platform concept, analysis of the potential for meeting the mid-term technical and cost targets by the European supply chain, the assessment of synergies with other applications and finally options for facilitating economies of scale.
The First Consumer Fuel Cell Vehicle, the Monarch Fuel Cell Bicycle
Authors: Weigl Joerg D. , Wang ZiZi , Mohammadi Sepahvand Helia
Published: April 2012

Fuel cell vehicles are aimed to be a new way of environmentally friendly transport. But they face significant problems in terms of costs and infrastructure. Only with demonstration projects and governmental or company subsidies fuel cell vehicles are so far possible. But there is a market for private fuel cell vehicles for personal transport which is viable even without subsidies based on latest current fuel cell technology. It is the niche market of high end fuel cell electric bicycles. Based on latest cost reduction of fuel cell systems and the strong growing market of the high end electric bicycles in Europe, USA and Japan there is a market for fuel cell electric bicycles coming up.
Development of a Compact PEM Electrolyzer System for Applications with Microdistributed Renewable Sources
Authors: Briguglio Nicola , Ferraro M. , Dispenza Giorgio , Brunaccini Giovanni , Ornelas R. , Trifoni E. , Antonucci Vincenzo , Aricò A.S.
Published: April 2012

In the framework of a private research program the development of a compact proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer system with a capacity of 300 Nl/h was developed. In this paper, the electrochemical properties of electrolyzer stack (10 cells of 100 cm2 geometrical area) were investigated at different temperatures. Overall stack efficiencies of 73% and 85%, at 60 A and 70 °C, with respect to the low and high heating value of hydrogen, respectively, were obtained. These results confirmed the successful scale-up of a previous lab-scale device.
Cost-Effective Materials for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells
Authors: Ma Jia , Sahai Yogeshwar
Published: April 2012

A direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is considered as an attractive energy conversion device. Cost and performance are two major factors affecting the commercialization of DBFCs. This research attempts to develop high-performance membrane electrolyte and electrode for DBFCs using low-cost materials. An effective anode consisting of Ni-based composite electrocatalysts loaded on Ni foam substrate was developed and employed. The use of Ni-based catalyst provides a solution for cost reduction. Chitosan, a cost-effective and eco-friendly material, was employed to prepare both electrode binder and polymer electrolyte. Chitosan membrane gave more than 50 % higher power performance than the commercial Nafion® membranes in DBFCs and costs less than 10% of the cost of Nafion®.
Improvement of PEFC Diagnostics for Elucidation of Degradation Factor in the Same Electrode
Authors: Isami Chiari , Sugiura Kimihiko , Daigo Akihiko , Murakami Tetsuya
Published: April 2012

To improve the life performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), the degradation behavior of the cell is diagnosed at the early stage, and an appropriate treatment should be applied to the cell. Our proposal diagnostics evaluates the transient response which includes the resistance polarization, the activation polarization and the diffusion polarization. The obtained diagnostic parameters from this transient response should include the degradation factors. This paper aims the establishment of diagnostics by clarifying the correlation of diagnostic parameter and each polarization. Because the anode polarization is considerably small compared with the cathode polarization and most fuel cells are controlled by the cathode reaction, the diagnostic parameter focused on the cathode polarization and resistance polarization of the membrane. As a result, the diagnostic parameters can judge each degradation factor, and the degradation factor distribution under the standard operating condition can be measured by applying this diagnostics to the quadrisection electrode.
Sodium Silicide and the Development of the Portable Hydrogen Energy Market
Authors: Wallace Andrew P.
Published: April 2012

With Li-ion batteries nearing their power limits and small combustion engines responsible for a disproportionate amount of pollution in the U.S., new hydrogen-storage technologies are essential to spark the transition to hydrogen energy. Sodium silicide, a new chemical molecule, enables the real-time and on-demand generation of hydrogen. This novel hydrogen-storage material and its derivatives facilitate high-performance, low-complexity and lightweight fuel cell systems (<3 kW), which are ideal for a number of industries and consumer applications. Transitioning the portable power market to this clean energy technology will result in higher energy efficiencies, a clean source of renewable energy, and a significantly lower environmental impact. Such a transition, however, requires the development of a hydrogen manufacturing supply chain that supports the growth of this new energy technology. Designs for hydrogen-generation cartridges and a high-volume manufacturing line will be presented.
Life Cycle Analysis of Ceramic Anode-Supported SOFC System Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Zhao L. , Brouwer J.
Published: April 2012

The environmental impact of manufacturing an yttrium-doped strontium titanate (SYT) anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system has been examined. Key components of an SOFC system including anode substrate, PEN (Positive electrode-Electrolyte-Negative electrode) structure, interconnects, and balance of plant (BoP) have been evaluated in terms of energy consumption and key air emissions using the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) approach.
Smart Grid Advanced Control Modules for Hybrid Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Power Plants
Authors: Lukas Michael D. , Ghezel-Ayagh Hossein
Published: April 2012

FuelCell Energy (FCE) has developed a novel paradigm for advanced control of power plant processes with specific adaptation to hybrid fuel cell/gas turbine systems and smart grid dispatch. The paradigm involves development of intelligent control algorithms based on feedforward and feedback dynamic structures. It comprises a combined model-based robust controller and neural network supervisor (NNS) that together manipulate the plant actuators to suboptimally control the hybrid system during load ramping. The NNS performs optimal dynamic scheduling by providing unique setpoint and feedforward signal profiles to the plant controller for prescribed dispatch load profiles. Optimization routines are performed off-line. Data from off-line dynamic optimization, which utilizes a dynamic model of the hybrid fuel cell/gas turbine system, is then used to train the neural network supervisor. A robust feedback control strategy is used to compensate for setpoint deviations caused by suboptimal feedforward control moves and to counteract modeling errors and process disturbances.
Epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation is required for proteinase-activated receptor-2-induced COX-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Hirota Christina L. , Moreau France , Iablokov Vadim , Dicay Michael , Renaux Bernard , Hollenberg Morley D. , MacNaughton Wallace K.
Published: April 2012

Proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)2, a G protein-coupled receptor activated by serine proteinases, has been implicated in both intestinal inflammation and epithelial proliferation. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is overexpressed in the gut during inflammation as well as in colon cancer. We hypothesized that PAR2drives COX-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Treatment of Caco-2 colon cancer cells with the PAR2-activating peptide 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH2(2fLI), but not by its reverse-sequence PAR2-inactive peptide, for 3 h led to an increase in intracellular COX-2 protein expression accompanied by a COX-2-dependent increase in prostaglandin E2production. 2fLI treatment for 30 min significantly increased metalloproteinase activity in the culture supernatant. Increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation was observed in cell lysates following 40 min of treatment with 2fLI. The broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat inhibited both COX-2 expression and EGFR phosphorylation. The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 also abolished 2fLI-induced COX-2 expression. Although PAR2activation increased ERK MAPK phosphorylation, neither ERK pathway inhibitors nor a p38 MAPK inhibitor affected 2fLI-induced COX-2 expression. However, inhibition of either Src tyrosine kinase signaling by PP2, Rho kinase signaling by Y27632, or phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase signaling by LY294002 prevented 2fLI-induced COX-2 expression. Trypsin increased COX-2 expression through PAR2in Caco-2 cells and in an EGFR-dependent manner in the noncancerous intestinal epithelial cell-6 cell line. In conclusion, PAR2activation drives COX-2 expression in Caco-2 cells via metalloproteinase-dependent EGFR transactivation and activation of Src, Rho, and PI3 kinase signaling. Our findings provide a mechanism whereby PAR2can participate in the progression from chronic inflammation to cancer in the intestine.
Urocortins and CRF type 2 receptor isoforms expression in the rat stomach are regulated by endotoxin: role in the modulation of delayed gastric emptying
Authors: Yuan Pu-Qing , Wu S. Vincent , Taché Yvette
Published: April 2012

Peripheral activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 (CRF2) by urocortin 1, 2, or 3 (Ucns) exerts powerful effects on gastric function; however, little is known about their expression and regulation in the stomach. We investigated the expression of Ucns and CRF2 isoforms by RT-PCR in the gastric corpus (GC) mucosa and submucosa plus muscle (S+M) or laser captured layers in naive rats, their regulations by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg/kg ip) over 24 h, and the effect of the CRF2 antagonist astresssin2-B (100 μg/kg sc) on LPS-induced delayed gastric emptying (GE) 2-h postinjection. Transcripts of Ucns and CRF2b, the most common wild-type CRF2 isoform in the periphery, were expressed in all layers, including myenteric neurons. LPS increased Ucn mRNA levels significantly in both mucosa and S+M, reaching a maximal response at 6 h postinjection and returning to basal levels at 24 h except for Ucn 1 in S+M. By contrast, CRF2b mRNA level was significantly decreased in the mucosa and M+S with a nadir at 6 h. In addition, CRF2a, reportedly only found in the brain, and the novel splice variant CRF2a-3 were also detected in the GC, antrum, and pylorus. LPS reciprocally regulated these variants with a decrease of CRF2a and an increase of CRF2a-3 in the GC 6 h postinjection. Astressin2-B exacerbated LPS-delayed GE (42–73%, P < 0.001). These data indicate that Ucn and CRF2 isoforms are widely distributed throughout the rat stomach and inversely regulated by immune stress. The CRF2 signaling system may act to counteract the early gastric motor alterations to endotoxemia.
Inhibition of Eg5 Acts Synergistically with Checkpoint Abrogation in Promoting Mitotic Catastrophe
Authors: Chen Yue , Chow Jeremy P.H. , Poon Randy Y.C.
Published: April 2012

The G2 DNA damage checkpoint is activated by genotoxic agents and is particularly important for cancer therapies. Overriding the checkpoint can trigger precocious entry into mitosis, causing cells to undergo mitotic catastrophe. But some checkpoint-abrogated cells can remain viable and progress into G1 phase, which may contribute to further genome instability. Our previous studies reveal that the effectiveness of the spindle assembly checkpoint and the duration of mitosis are pivotal determinants of mitotic catastrophe after checkpoint abrogation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis whether mitotic catastrophe could be enhanced by combining genotoxic stress, checkpoint abrogation, and the inhibition of the mitotic kinesin protein Eg5. We found that mitotic catastrophe induced by ionizing radiation and a CHK1 inhibitor (UCN-01) was exacerbated after Eg5 was inhibited with either siRNAs or monastrol. The combination of DNA damage, UCN-01, and monastrol sensitized cancer cells that were normally resistant to checkpoint abrogation. Importantly, a relatively low concentration of monastrol, alone not sufficient in causing mitotic arrest, was already effective in promoting mitotic catastrophe. These experiments suggest that it is possible to use sublethal concentrations of Eg5 inhibitors in combination with G2 DNA damage checkpoint abrogation as an effective therapeutic approach. Mol Cancer Res; 10(5); 626–35. ©2012 AACR.
Cell Therapy in Chagas Cardiomyopathy (Chagas Arm of the Multicenter Randomized Trial of Cell Therapy in Cardiopathies Study)
Authors: Ribeiro dos Santos Ricardo , Rassi Salvador , Feitosa Gilson , Grecco Oswaldo T. , Rassi Anis , da Cunha Ademir B. , de Carvalho Valéria B. , Guarita-Souza Luiz César , de Oliveira Wilson , Tura Bernardo R. , Soares Milena B.P. , Campos de Carvalho Antonio C.
Published: April 2012

Background—

Previous studies suggested that transplantation of autologous bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells (BMNCs) improves heart function in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. We report the results of the first randomized trial of BMNC therapy in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results—

Patients 18 to 75 years of age with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Association class II to IV heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35, and optimized therapy were randomized to intracoronary injection of autologous BMNCs or placebo. The primary end point was the difference in LVEF from baseline to 6 and 12 months after treatment between groups. Analysis was by intention to treat and powered to detect an absolute between-group difference of 5. Between July 2005 and October 2009, 234 patients were enrolled. Two patients abandoned the study and 49 were excluded because of protocol violation. The remaining 183 patients, 93 in the placebo group and 90 in the BMNC group, had a trimmed mean age of 52.4 years (range, 50.8–54.0 years) and LVEF of 26.1 (range, 25.1–27.1) at baseline. Median number of injected BMNCs was 2.20×10
8
(range, 1.40–3.50×10
8
). Change in LVEF did not differ significantly between treatment groups: trimmed mean change in LVEF at 6 months, 3.0 (1.3–4.8) for BMNCs and 2.5 (0.6–4.5) for placebo (
P
=0.519); change in LVEF at 12 months, 3.5 (1.5–5.5) for BMNCs and 3.7 (1.5–6.0) for placebo (
P
=0.850). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes, New York Heart Association functional class, Minnesota quality-of-life questionnaire, brain natriuretic peptide concentrations, and 6-minute walking test did also not differ between groups.

Conclusion—

Intracoronary injection of autologous BMNCs does not improve left ventricular function or quality of life in patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00349271.
Rehabilitation Counselors’ Perceptions of Ethical Workplace Culture and the Influence on Ethical Behavior
Authors: Lane Frank J. , Shaw Linda R. , Young Mary Ellen , Bourgeois Paul J.
Published: April 2012

It is generally accepted that the environment in which a counselor works influences his or her ethical behavior, but there is little empirical examination of this idea within the rehabilitation counseling professional literature. A survey was conducted with a national sample of practicing certified rehabilitation counselors that elicited qualitative data consisting of situations where workplace culture influenced ethical behavior and decision making. Forty percent of the 1,919 respondents provided examples. Qualitative analysis of the data yielded five themes: bureaucracy and resources, workforce, honesty, client welfare, and power differential. Recommendations for policy and future directions for research are discussed.
A Glycerin Hydrogel‐Based Wound Dressing Prevents Peristomal Infections After Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)
Authors: Blumenstein Irina , Borger Dietmar , Loitsch Stefan , Bott Christiane , Tessmer Angelika , Hartmann Franz , Stein Jürgen
Published: April 2012

Background: Despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics, peristomal infection is the most common complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). A new glycerin hydrogel (GHG) wound dressing has been proposed to possess more effective antimicrobial properties but has not been tested in a larger trial. The aim of the study was therefore to assess the superiority of GHG regarding the incidence of peristomal wound infections during a 30‐day postprocedure follow‐up. Methods: Sixty‐eight patients with cancer undergoing PEG were recruited from 1 university and 2 general hospitals between January 2007 and December 2008. Patients were randomized to group 1 (34 patients), which received GHG, or group 2 (34 patients), which received a traditional wound dressing. Dressing changes were done at day 1 and weeks 1, 2, and 4 (group 1) vs daily changes during week 1 and at weeks 2 and 4 (group 2). The PEG site was assessed by using 2 different infection scores. Results: At the end of the first and second weeks, a statistically significant reduction of the mean infection scores was seen in patients with GHG wound dressings (first week: 1.64 ± 1.6 vs 3.12 ± 2.69, P < .008; second week: 1.37 ± 1.11 vs 2.53 ± 2.37, P < .02). After 7 days, wound reactions occurred in 14.7% in the GHG group vs 47.05% in the traditional group (p <0.005). The GHG wound dressing required 5 times less frequent dressing changes. Conclusion: The GHG wound dressing significantly reduces peristomal wound infections and is a convenient, cost‐effective alternative for wound management following PEG.
Trends in Services Among Pediatric Hospice Providers During 2002 to 2008
Authors: Lindley Lisa C.
Published: April 2012

The medical complexities involved in caring for children at end of life have increased during the past few decades. This study sought to understand what hospice services were offered for these children and to examine service trends among pediatric hospice providers over a 7-year (2002-2008) timeframe. The number of core hospice services diminished in 2003 (IRR = 0.873, 95% CI [0.795,0.971]) and 2004 (IRR = 0.889, 95% CI [0.793, 0.995]); however, by 2008 there was an increase in offering core (IRR = 1.130, 95% CI [1.038,1.230]), noncore (IRR = 1.117, 95% CI [1.013,1.231]), and other hospice (IRR = 1.117, 95% CI [1.005,1.583]) services among pediatric providers. These findings highlight the importance of family-clinician communication about needed services prior to admitting children to hospice care.
A populist Zeitgeist? Programmatic contagion by populist parties in Western Europe
Authors: Rooduijn Matthijs , de Lange Sarah L , van der Brug Wouter
Published: April 2012

In this article, we examine the programmatic reactions to the rise of populist parties. It has been argued that populism is not necessarily the prerogative of populist parties; it has been adopted by mainstream parties as well. The article investigates whether populism is contagious. On the basis of the results of a content analysis of election manifestos of parties in five Western European countries (France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom), we conclude that the programmes of mainstream parties have not become more populist in recent years. We find no evidence that mainstream parties change their programmes when confronted with electoral losses or successful populist challengers. Yet, we do find that populist parties change their own programmes when they have been successful: Their initial success makes them tone down their populism.
Payment for performance in the Family Health Programme: lessons from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework
Authors: Harris Matthew
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE: Payment for performance financial incentive schemes reward doctors based on the quality and the outcomes of their treatment. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health is looking to scale up its use in public hospitals and some municipalities are developing payment for performance schemes even for the Family Health Programme. In this article the Quality and Outcomes Framework used in the UK since 2004 is discussed, as well as its experience to elaborate some important lessons that Brazilian municipalities should consider before embarking on payment for performance scheme in primary care settings.
Drug use in college students: a 13-year trend
Authors: Wagner Gabriela Arantes , Oliveira Lúcio Garcia de , Barroso Lucia Pereira , Nishimura Raphael , Ishihara Luciana Morita , Stempliuk Vladimir de Andrade , Duarte Paulina do Carmo Arruda Vieira , Andrade Arthur Guerra de
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE: To analyze drug use trends among college students in 1996, 2001 and 2009. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study with a multistage stratified cluster sample with 9,974 college students was conducted in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on drug use assessed in lifetime, the preceding 12 months and the preceding 30 days. The Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons of drug use rates between surveys. RESULTS: There were changes in the lifetime use of tobacco and some other drugs (hallucinogens [6.1% to 8.8%], amphetamines [4.6% to 8.7%], and tranquilizers [5.7% to 8.2%]) from 1996 to 2009. Differences in the use of other drugs over the 12 months preceding the survey were also seen: reduced use of inhalants [9.0% to 4.8%] and increased use of amphetamines [2.4% to 4.8%]. There was a reduction in alcohol [72.9% to 62.1%], tobacco [21.3% to 17.2%] and marijuana [15.0% to 11.5%] use and an increase in amphetamine use [1.9% to 3.3%] in the preceeding 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Over the 13-year study period, there was an increase in lifetime use of tobacco, hallucinogens, amphetamines, and tranquilizers. There was an increase in amphetamine use and a reduction in alcohol use during the preceding 12 months. There was an increase in amphetamine use during the preceding 30 days.
Efeito de intervenções sobre o índice de massa corporal em escolares
Authors: Friedrich Roberta Roggia , Schuch Ilaine , Wagner Mário Bernardes
Published: April 2012

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito dos programas de intervenções com a atividade física e/ou a educação nutricional na redução do índice de massa corporal em escolares. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática com metanálise de estudos controlados randomizados disponíveis nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas entre o ano de 1998 a 2010: PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science e Cochrane Library, com os descritores: estudo controlado randomizado, sobrepeso, obesidade, índice de massa corporal, criança, adolescente, atividade física, educação nutricional e escolas. Medida de sumário baseada na diferença das médias padronizadas foi usada com intervalo de 95% de confiança. O teste de inconsistência foi utilizado para avaliar a heterogeneidade dos estudos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 995 estudos, dos quais 23 foram incluídos e realizadas três metanálises. Intervenções isoladas com atividade física não apresentaram efeito significativo na redução do índice de massa corporal, com diferença das médias padronizadas: -0,02 (IC95% -0,08;0,04). Resultado semelhante (n = 3.524) foi observado nas intervenções isoladas com educação nutricional, com diferença das médias padronizadas: -0,03 (IC95% -0,10;0,04). Quando combinadas as intervenções com atividade física e educação nutricional, o resultado da metanálise (n = 9.997) apresentou efeito estatisticamente significativo na redução do índice de massa corporal em escolares, com diferença das médias padronizadas: - 0,37 (IC95% -0,63;-0,12). CONCLUSÕES: As intervenções combinadas de atividade física e educação nutricional tiveram mais efeitos positivos na redução do índice de massa corporal em escolares do que quando aplicadas isoladamente.
Efeito da adição de uréia e sulfato de amônio sobre o pH e nitrificação em um solo ácido
Authors: Mello F.A.F. , Possídio E.L. de , Pereira J.R. , Araújo J.P. de , Abramof L. , Costa O.A.
Published: April 2012

A variação do pH e a produção de nitrato foram estudados em um Latossolo Vermelho Escuro, Série Guamium, em função da adição de 200 e 400 ppm de N nas formas de uréia e sulfato de amônio, em presença e ausência de Ca(OH)2 por um período de 30 dias. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o pH decresceu com o sulfato de amônio e aumentou com a uréia. As variações foram observadas mesmo empresença de Ca(0H)2. A produção de nitrato aumentou com o pH, considerando o mesmo nível e fonte de nitrogênio. Não foi observado no conjunto uma relação entre pH e produção de nitrato.
Produção de matéria seca na soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) em presença de fertilizantes
Authors: Cordeiro D.S. , Sarruge J.R. , Haag H.P. , Oliveira G.D. de
Published: April 2012

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido visando atingir o seguinte objetivo: produção de matéria seca em presença de fertilizantes aplicados ao solo. Para verificar os parâmetros propostos, foi instalado um fatorial 3³ com três repetições em solo da série Guamium, em Piracicaba usando-se a cultivar IAC-2. Foram aplicados no sulco os seguintes níveis de NPK: 0, 20 e 40 kg de N por ha; 0, 60 e 120 kg de P(2)0(5) por ha; 0, 30 e 60 kg de K2O por ha. Foram coletadas amostras de plantas para determinação da matéria seca em intervalos de 21 dias, a partir da emergência até a queda parcial das folhas aos 105 dias de idade. O peso da matéria seca proveniente dos grãos da produção de cada unidade experimental tambem foi determinado. Conclusões: a) os tratamentos com NPK afetaram o crescimento das plantas; b) a maior velocidade do crescimento ocorreu em torno dos 61 dias de idade da planta; c) a produção de grãos foi afetada somente pelas doses de fósforo aplicados ao solo.
Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do sorgo granífero, VII - efeitos do nitrogênio
Authors: Rosolem C.A. , Malavolta E. , Nakagawa J.
Published: April 2012

Foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação, onde foram estudados os efeitos de N sobre o crescimento e absorção de nutrientes pelo sorgo granífero. As plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva completa ou com nitrogênio diluída a 1/2, 1/5 e 1/10 da concentração usual, e foram colhidas aos 110 dias da emergência, quando foram separadas em raiz, colmo, folhas, raquis e grãos. O material foi secado, moido e foram feitas análises de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os níveis de nitrogênio utilizados tiveram efeitos nas produções de matéria seca das plantas, assim como nas quantidades de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio absorvidas. As cultivares apresertaram reações diferentes aos níveis de nitrogênio.
Análise de crescimento da berinjela (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Minami Keigo , Simão Salim , Mantovani Waldir
Published: April 2012

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Agricultura e Horticultura da ESALQ, Piracicaba, tendo como objetivo estudar o crescimento da cultura da berinjela. Foram retiradas 14 plantas de uma cultuta de berinjela, cv. Florida Market, com uma população de 9.926 plantas por hectare. As plantas foram submetidas à análise de crescimento, de acordo com os métodos de Williams e Blackman & Wilson. A berinjela cresce vagarosamente durante a primeira fase, crescendo rapidamente a partir dos 42 dias após o transplante. A atividade fotossintética varia com a idade da planta, atingindo o ponto máximo ao redor dos 28 dias após o transplante.
Aplicação do sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação para diferentes solos e épocas de amostragem foliar em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)
Authors: Zambello Jr. E. , Haag H.P. , Orlando Filho J.
Published: April 2012

Com o objetivo de se estudar a aplicação do Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS) em cana-de-açucar, confrontou-se esta metodologia com a técnica da diagnose foliar baseada no nível crítico. Desse modo, observou-se o efeito de diferentes épocas de amostragem foliar de soqueiras cultivadas em 4 Grandes Grupos de Solos e, num deles, dois regimes hídricos: irrigado e não irrigado. Os ensaios se basearam no esquema fatorial N x P x K x L, onde L = localização dos fertilizantes em superfície e em profundidade, com as dosagens 0 - 60 - 120 -180 kg N/ha, 0-45 kg P(2)0(5)/ha e 0-90-180 kg K2O/ha. Os solos utilizados foram Latossol Roxo (LR) , Podzolico Vermelho Amarelo variação Laras (PVls), Latossol Vermelho Amarelo - fase arenosa (LVa) e o Latossol Vermelho Escuro-orto (LE) não controlado e sob irrigação por aspersão. A variedade empregada foi a CB 41-76 e coletou-se a folha +3 aos 3, 4, 5 e 6 meses de idade da cana-soca. As parcelas eram constituídas por 3 linhas úteis, 2 linhas de bordadura interna e 2 de bordadura externa, num total de 7 linhas com 10 m de comprimento e 1,5 m de espaçamento, ocupando uma área de 105 m². Os dados mostraram que a localização dos fertilizantes em profundidade não proporcionou efeito positivo nas produtividades agrícolas e de açúcar por área,com exceção ao solo PVls. De modo geral, o nitrogênio e o potássio aumentaram de forma linear os rendimentos da cana-de-açúcar, salvo para o potássio no solo LR. O fósforo elevou a produção agrícola para os solos LE, LR e PVls e provocou aumento da produção de açúcar por área para os dois primeiros solos. A irrigação não indicou benefício para a soqueira em solo LE. Foi possível o estabelecimento dos níveis críticos de N e K apenas para algumas épocas de amostragem foliar, enquanto para o fósforo os mesmos não foram viáveis para nenhuma época de coleta da folha +3. A época de coleta do tecido vegetal e o tipo de solo afetaram os níveis críticos de N e K. Por outro lado, o DRIS mostrou ser metodologia adequada para o diagnostico de N, P e K em soquei ras de cana-de-açucar e a interpretação dos índices transformados e praticamente inalterada com a época de amostragem foliar. Possuindo também, a propriedade de ter sua aplicação para diferentes tipos de solos.
Exigências nutricionais do arroz (Oryza sativa L., cv. IAC 47 e IAC 435)
Authors: Medeiros A.A. , Malavolta E.
Published: April 2012

Analisando-se os diferentes órgãos de plantas de arroz cultivada em solução nutritiva até maturidade completa, foi obtida uma estimativa das exigências nutricionais dos cultivares IAC 47 (sequeiro) e IAC 435 (irrigado). As diferenças encontradas entre os dois cultivares são de vidas principalmente ao nível de produção e não ao teor de elemento na matéria seca.
Exigências minerais comparadas de dois cultivares de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill): Santa Rosa e UFV-1
Authors: Malavolta E. , Fernandes F.M. , Cabrini H.M. , Zanini J.R. , SÁ M.E. de , Barreto M. , Nascimento V.M. do , Kaminski J. , Urquiaga Caballero S. , Graciolli L.A. , Perez A.L. , Cavichiolli C. , Jacoud A. , Meletti M.C.
Published: April 2012

Plantas de soja, cv. Santa Rosa e cv. UFV-1 foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva até a produção de vagens quando foram colhidas e analisadas. A variedade Santa Rosa mostrou-se menos exigente em N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn; a exigência de S foi igual e a de Cl maior que a da cv. UFV-1.
Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do maracujá amarelo: VII. Efeito dos micronutrientes no desenvolvimento e composição mineral das plantas
Authors: Primavesi A.C.P.A. , Malavolta E.
Published: April 2012

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo o estudo do efeito da presença e omissão dos micronutrientes no desenvolvimento e composição mineral da planta de maracujá, e estabelecer níveis indicadores do estado nutricional. Somente a deficiência em cobre afetou bastante o desenvolvimento das plantas. Os outros micronutrientes: boro, ferro, manganes, molibdênio e zinco não afetaram muito o desenvolvimento das plantas quando foram omitidos. Encontrou-se os seguintes teores de nutrientes nas folhas do tratamento completo: B - 112,5 ppm; Cu - 13 ppm; Fe-597,3 ppm; Mn - 31,0 ppm; Mo - 1,04 ppm e Zn -28,3 ppm. Determinou-se a parte da planta que melhor refletisse seu estado nutricional para cada microelemento: boro - folha haste madura; cobre - folha da haste madura e gavinhas; ferro - gavinhas; manganês -folha da haste madura; molibdenio - folha da haste nova; zinco - gavinhas.
Ação de fitoreguladores no potencial osmótico da soja (Glycine max cv. Davis)
Authors: Castro Paulo R.C.
Published: April 2012

Determinou-se em condições de casa de vegetação o efeito de fitoreguladores no potencial osmótico foliar da soja. As aplicações das substâncias de crescimento foram realizadas 21 dias após a semeadura. Efetuou-se pulverização de cloreto (2 -cloroetil) trimetilamônio (CCC) 2.000 ppm, ácido succínico-2,2-dimetilhidrazida (SADH) 4.000 ppm, ácido giberélico (GA) 100 ppm, ácido indolilacético (IAA) 100 ppm, além do controle. O potencial osmótico foliar foi determinado durante três dias em intervalos de 24 horas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições e procedeu-se à comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey (57o). Os resultados obtidos pelo método osmométrico mostraram que plantas tratadas com fitoreguladores apresentam variação no potencial osmótico foliar dependendo da disponibilidade hídrica do substrato. Aplicação de SADH reduziu o potencial osmótico da soja 'Davis'.
Ação de substâncias de crescimento nos teores de carboidratos e fenóis em soja (Glycine max cv. Davis)
Authors: Castro Paulo R.C. , Gutierrez Luiz E.
Published: April 2012

Em condições de casa de vegetação, estudou-se o efeito de fitoreguladores nos teores de carboidratos solúveis totais, sacarose, glucose, frutose e fenóis totais nas folhas da planta de soja 'Davis'. Pulverização com cloreto (2-cloroetil) trimetilamonio (CCC) 2.000 ppm, ácido succínico-2,2-dimetilhidrazida (SADH) 4.000 ppm, ácido giberelico (GA) 100 ppm e ácido indolilacético (IAA) 100 ppm foi efetuada 25 dias após a semeadura. Coletando-se as folhas 43 dias após a semeadura, realizou-se a extração dos carboidratos e determinação usando-se glucose como padrão. A separação dos açúcares foi efetuada por cromatografia de papel e a quantificação pelo método de Dubois. Após a extração dos fenóis procedeu-se à determinação adotando-se catecol como padrão. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 6 repetições e comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey (5%). Verificou-se que o CCC reduziu o teor de carboidratos solúveis e de sacarose nas folhas de soja. Os fitoreguladores não alteraram os níveis de glucose e frutose, nem os teores de fenóis totais nas folhas de soja 'Davis'.
Lixiviação de nitrato de colunas de solo tratado com sulfato de amônio (NH4)2SO4 e N-Serve 24E (Nitrapirina)
Authors: Neptune A.M.L. , Cruz A.P. , Muraoka T.
Published: April 2012

Foram montadas colunas de solo contendo 0, 100 e 200 ppm de sulfato de amônio e 0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 ppm de N-Serve. Utilizou-se um solo TRE, o qual foi incubado durante 160 dias a temperatura entre 26ºC-30ºC e à 75% do seu poder de embebição. Após cada lixiviação com água, foram determinados os teores de nitrato nos percolados. Verificou-se que os teores de nitrato obtidos nos tratamentos com N-Serve, foram significativamente menores que aqueles dos tratamentos sem N-Serve. Por outro lado a eficiência do N-Serve aumentou com o aumento da dose do produto. O sulfato de amônio destacou o efeito do inibidor da nitrificação. O tempo de ação do N-Serve no solo aumentou com o aumento da dose do produto. Após os 80 dias de incubação o N-Serve deixou de ser ativo no solo, restabelecendo-se o nível da nitrificação.
Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: XXXV. efeitos de doses de cálcio na solução nutritiva, no desenvolvimento e nos teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e enxofre, em plantas de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Dechen A.R. , Haag H.P. , Sarruge J.R. , Oliveira G.D.
Published: April 2012

Plantas de tomateiro Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) da variedade Santa Cruz, linhagens Samano e Kada, foram cultivadas em sílica, recebendo soluções nutritivas com doses de 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm e 400 ppm de cálcio, cornos objetivos de: a) aquilatar o efeito do cálcio no desenvolvimento do tomateiro; b) verificar em que doses de cálcio ocorre a podridão estilar; c) determinar o efeito do cálcio nas concentrações dos nutrientes na planta; e, d) verificar diferenças no comportamento das linhagens Samano e Kada. Noventa dias após o transplante, as plantas foram coletadas e separadas em: folhas inferiores, caules inferiores, folhas superiores, caules superioresefrutos. No material coletado foram determinados os teores dos macronutrientes. Curvas representativas da altura e peso da matéria seca das plantas e das concentrações dos macronutrientes nas partes das mesmas em função das doses de cálcio, foram obtidas a partir dos dados calculados através de equações de regressão. Os resultados mostraram que: - as concentrações de cálcio na solução nutritiva que propiciam máximo acumulo de matéria seca, sao 388 ppm e 400 ppm para as linhagens Kada e Samano; - para a linhagem Samano e necessária maior concentração de cálcio na solução (200 ppm) do que para a linhagem Kada (100 ppm) , para prevenir o aparecimento de sintomas de podridão estilar; - a concentração de cálcio na solução não afeta a concentração desse elemento nos frutos; - a adição de cálcio na solução nutritiva diminui os teores de nitrogênio e aumenta o de cálcio nos tecidos de ambas as linhagens; - as concentrações dos demais nutrientes diferem nas linhagens e nas partes ana lisadas; - adições de cálcio provocam na concentração de magnésio nas folhas e na parte superior do caule na linhagem Samano e diminuição em todas as partes da linhagem Kada.
Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: XXXVI. efeitos de doses de cálcio na solução nutritiva, nos teores de boro, cobre, ferro, manganês e zinco, em plantas de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esaulentum Mill.)
Authors: Dechen A.R. , Haag H.P. , Sarruge J.R. , Oliveira G.D.
Published: April 2012

Plantas de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), da variedade Santa Cruz, linhagens Samano e Kada, foram cultivadas em sílica, recebendo soluções nutritivas com doses de 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm e 400 ppm de cálcio, com os objetivos de: (a) determinar o efeito do cálcio nas concentrações de nutrientes na planta; e, (b) verificar diferenças no comportamento das linhagens Samano e Kada. Noventa dias após o transplante, as plantas foram coletadas e separadas em: folhas inferiores, caules inferiores, folhas superiores, caules superiores e frutos. No material coletado foram determinados os teores de micronutrientes, com exceção do cloro e molibdênio. Curvas representativas das concentrações dos nutrientes nas partes das plantas, em função das doses de cálcio, foram obtidas a partir dos dados calculados através de equações de regressão. Os resultados mostraram que: - a adição de cálcio na solução nutritiva diminui os teores de zinco nos tecidos de ambas as linhagens, - as concentrações dos demais micronutrientes diferem nas linhagens e nas partes analisadas.
Qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de tomateiro submetidos a preparados em altas diluições
Authors: Modolon Tatiani A , Boff Pedro , Rosa Joatan M da , Sousa Paulina Mariele R de , Miquelluti David José
Published: April 2012

Frutos de tomateiro são sensíveis ao manuseio e sua qualidade é afetada pelo sistema de cultivo e pelas práticas de conservação pós-colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de preparados em altas diluições nos atributos indicadores da conservação pós-colheita de frutos de tomateiro. O trabalho consistiu em experimento a campo no ciclo produtivo 2009/2010 e ensaio de laboratório em pós-colheita. Os preparados avaliados, em aplicações a campo, foram os nosódios de tomateiro e de juá (Solanum aculeatissimum) nas dinamizações 12 e 24DH e os preparados homeopáticos Arnica montana e Sulphur nas dinamizações 12DH e 24DH. Frutos provenientes de tomateiro não tratados foram submetidos a imersão em preparações de Calcarea carbonica nas dinamizações 6, 12 e 24CH. O nosódio de juá 12 e 24DH aumentaram o teor de SS (ºBrix), atributo que melhora a palatabilidade e a qualidade para a industrialização. Calcarea carbonica em tratamento pós-colheita não interferiu nos atributos químicos e físicos de frutos de tomate, embora Calcarea carbonica 24CH retardasse a formação de frutos tipo molho.
Processing quality of potato tubers produced during autumn and spring and stored at different temperatures
Authors: Freitas Sergio T de , Pereira Engil Isadora P , Gomez Ana Cecília S , Brackmann Auri , Nicoloso Fernando , Bisognin Dilson A
Published: April 2012

The objective of this work was to access processing quality of potato clones (Solanum tuberosum) Asterix, SMINIA793101-3, and Missaukee cultivated during spring and autumn growing seasons and stored at 4, 8, 12, or 25ºC. Clones grown in spring had shorter dormancy than clones grown in autumn. Potato tubers grown in spring and autumn and stored at 4ºC, as well as tubers grown in autumn and stored at 8ºC had no sprouting for six months. Among clones grown in autumn, the longest dormancy period during storage at 12ºC was observed in the clone SMINIA793101-3, and at 25ºC was in the clone Asterix. In potato tubers grown in spring, the longest dormancy period during storage at 8ºC was observed in the clones SMINIA793101-3 and Missaukee, at 12ºC was in the clone SMINIA793101-3, and at 25ºC was in the clones Asterix and Missaukee. Potato tubers grown in spring had higher dry matter, starch content, and respiration rates, and lower reducing sugar, and total polyphenol content. The only exception was the Missaukee that had similar dry matter content in both growing seasons. In general, storage at 4ºC and 8ºC were more effective in reducing respiration rates and maintaining higher dry mater content of potato tubers. Chip darkening, reducing sugars, and total polyphenol content increased during storage of potato tubers. Darker chip color, higher reducing sugars and polyphenol content were obtained during storage at temperatures of 4ºC and 8ºC. These results suggest that the best storage temperature depends on genotype, tuber physiological age, and growing conditions.