bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osobowość nauczyciela w ujęciu psychologicznym
Authors: Bernacka Ryszarda Ewa , Pufal-Struzik Irena , Gierczyk Marcin
Published: January 2020

W artykule analizie poddano zagadnienie osobowości nauczycieli w kontekście psychologicznej teorii Wielkiej Piątki oraz osobowościowego komponentu postawy twórczej, jakim jest nonkonformizm. Głównym celem badawczym była diagnoza aktualnej kondycji osobowościowej nauczycieli w kontekście takich zmiennych, jak: typ szkoły, lata pracy, stopień awansu zawodowego, nauczany przedmiot, płeć nauczyciela. W badaniach zastosowano Inwentarz Osobowości NEO-FFI Roberta R. McCrae i Paula T. Costy oraz Kwestionariusz Twórczego Zachowania (KANH III). Przeanalizowano wyniki 258-osobowej grupy nauczycieli w wieku 26–60 lat. Przeprowadzone wnioskowanie statystyczne pozwoliło na sformułowanie następujących wniosków. Średnie nasilenie neurotyczności mają nauczyciele szkoły podstawowej i technikum, a najniższa neurotyczność występuje u nauczycieli liceum. Neurotyczność jest istotnie statystycznie wyższa u kobiet niż u mężczyzn nauczycieli. Nauczyciele przedmiotów zawodowych mają istotnie mniejszą otwartość na doświadczenie niż nauczyciele przedmiotów humanistycznych. Nauczyciel stażysta posiada istotnie niższe nasilenie sumienności niż nauczyciel dyplomowany i mianowany. Wyniki badań można wykorzystać do usprawnienia procedur rozwoju profesjonalnego nauczycieli.
Nowe wyzwanie w zarządzaniu dokumentacją? Refleksje nad książką Marvina Waschke, Personal Cybersecurity. How to Avoid and Cope with Cybercrime, Apress, New York 2017, ss. 240.
Authors: Szabaciuk Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

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The Influence of Bohemian and Moravian Land Law on the Content of the Land Ordinance of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz: the Example of Family Law
Authors: Slavickova Pavla
Published: January 2020

W pracy podjęto próbę oceny zakresu zapożyczeń z czeskiego i morawskiego prawa o ziemi, obecnych w kluczowych dokumentach prawnych Górnego Śląska, uchwalonych w XVI w., mianowicie Ordynacji Ziemskiej Księstwa Opolsko-Raciborskiego, na przykładzie prawa rodzinnego. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza część opisuje proces kodyfikacji na terenie Moraw i Czech oraz w Księstwie Opolsko-Raciborskim. Druga część stanowi analizę formy ordynacji ziemskich. Trzecia część pracy kładzie nacisk na zawartość wybranych tekstów prawnych z zakresu prawa rodzinnego.

Ponadto, porównanie obejmuje zawartość Ordynacji Ziemskiej Księstwa Cieszyńskiego oraz kluczowy dla sprawy zbiór aktów prawa miejskiego Królestwa Czeskiego. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na artykuły związane ze sprawowaniem opieki nad małoletnimi. Część poświęcona wspomnianej problematyce bierze pod uwagę możliwość adaptacji ustaw z prawa rzymskiego. Chociaż wiele przepisów zawartych w treści Ordynacji Ziemskiej Księstwa Opolsko-Raciborskiego jest podobna do Ordynacji Ziemskiej w Czechach i na Morawach, stwierdzenie o przejęciu tychże praw może okazać się nazbyt śmiałe, jako że podobieństwo zauważalne jest jedynie w przypadku podstawowych zasad, nie zaś na poziomie sposobu formułowania tekstu.
Bardziej prawdopodobną wydaje się być możliwość, że rozwiązania zawarte w Ordynacji wywodziły się z prawa rzymskiego, co stanowiło powszechną praktykę na terenie ówczesnej Europy Środkowej. W rzeczywistości, jedynym udowodnionym przykładem bezpośredniego przejęcia czeskiego i morawskiego prawa o ziemi obecnego w zarządzeniach Księstwa Opolsko-Raciborskiego jest akt prawny Jak sirotci poručníky své kvitovati mají, zaczerpnięty z Ordynacji Ziemskiej Moraw z okresu 1535–1562, który jest identyczny zarówno pod względem treści, jak i sposobu sformułowania.
Codzienność Lublina w 1918 r.
Authors: Mazur Mariusz
Published: January 2020

Rok 1918 był w Lublinie kolejnym rokiem wojny. Miasto nie ucierpiało wskutek przejścia frontu, nie było zburzone, ale sytuacja wojenna wpływała na panujące w nim warunki życia. Skokowo wzrastające przeludnienie m.in. wywołane ulokowaniem w nim władz okupacyjnych, chroniczny brak żywności, spekulacja i inflacja, rekwizycje i przestępczość w znacznym stopniu determinowały codzienność mieszkańców. Do tego dochodziły epidemie chorób, coraz bardziej dotkliwa bieda, zwyczajne wypadki i nieszczęścia. Warunki mieszkaniowe, wygląd miasta oraz atmosfera na ulicach odzwierciedlały daleko idącą stratyfikację. W mieście z rzadka odbywały się uroczystości patriotyczne i religijne, ale uczestniczyła w nich mniejszość mieszkańców. Większość z nich raczej próbowała się przystosować i dotrwać do końca wojny. Dopiero pod koniec roku coraz bardziej powszechne stało się przekonanie o możliwości odzyskania niepodległości.
Sweet Taste of Revenge! Marginal Notes to the Paweł Madejski’s Dissertation 'Pomiędzy robur animi a ritus barbarus: zemsta w życiu społecznym republikańskiego Rzymu’, Publishing house of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 2018, pp. 299
Authors: Jońca Maciej
Published: January 2020

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The Forgotten Marshal. Ferdinand Foch in the Eyes of a Polish Historian. Wiesław Śladkowski, Ferdinand Foch. Marszałek trzech narodów, Lublin 2018, Drukarnia ‘Tekst’ spółka jawna Emilia Zonik i Wspólnicy, pp. 231.
Authors: Willaume Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

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Groźba popełnienia przestępstwa o charakterze terrorystycznym w ujęciu art. 115 § 20 k.k. – wybrane problemy wykładni
Authors: Michalska-Warias Aneta
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses the concept of a terrorist threat in the light of Article 115 § 20 of the Polish Criminal Code. The author stresses the relationship between this term and the punishable threat described in the special part of the Criminal Code. The conducted analysis leads to the conclusion that the terrorist threat must be treated as a special type of the punishable threat and, as a result, many real terrorist threats may not meet the criteria of a forbidden act, e.g. because of the lack of an individualised victim. As a result, there appear serious doubts as to whether Polish criminal law meets the requirements of EU law referring to the criminalisation of terrorist threats and, therefore, the introduction of a new type of offence of a terrorist threat and some changes in Article 115 § 20 and Article 115 § 12 of the Criminal Code have been proposed.
Działalność naukowo-badawcza studentów na przykładzie Studenckiego Koła Naukowego Prawników UMCS
Authors: Mierzwa Marek , Niewęgłowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

The students’ research activity defined as a system of forms aimed at meeting and developing scientific interests of academic youth is pursued mainly in such areas as holding scientific conferences, publishing, running research projects, organisation of competitions, study trips, and expert meetings. This activity cannot only be perceived as a form of student’s activity but also as one of the factors that shape the Polish academia by early influencing young scholars. It allows the young people to learn appropriate attitudes and acquire expertise and experience necessary for the development of innovation and internationalisation of the Polish higher education system. This article was written as a contribution for the 60th anniversary of the Law Students’ Scientific Club at UMCS.
Pacific Islands Development Forum – Emergence of the New Participant in the Pacific Regionalism
Authors: Siekiera Joanna
Published: January 2020

Pacific Islands Development Forum (PIDF) was formally established through signing of an agreement in 2015. The two previous gatherings were informal and did not bring any legally binding documents. The 3rd summit, entitled “Building Climate Resilient Green Blue Pacific Economies” introduced not only the constituting agreement, being an international treaty, what in turn made PIDF an intergovernmental organization having its own legal personality, but also created the pivot for the new wave of the Pacific regionalism. The regional cooperation among the small island states is being made ineffectively and economically inefficiently due to many reasons. The most relevant of which are the over fragmentation of the existing regional organisations and constant creation of ad hoc institutions which have no personality, powers or sanctions for non-fulfilment of the jointly adapted agreements.
Recombinant His-tagged DNA polymerase. I. Cloning, purification and partial characterization of Thermus thermophilus recombinant DNA polymerase.
Authors: Dabrowski S , Kur J
Published: January 2020

The Tth DNA polymerase gene from the thermophilic Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8) was amplified, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant DNA polymerase containing a polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus was isolated in a single step by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. The purified recombinant enzyme, showing high polymerase activity contained 43 additional amino-acid residues (including a cluster of six histidine residues inserted for purification of the recombinant protein by metal-affinity chromatography) at N-terminus. The applied overexpression system was very efficient giving 700,000 u of DNA polymerase activity from 1 liter of induced culture. The enzyme was characterized and displayed high DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase activities and high thermostability as compared to the native Tth DNA polymerase.
New experimental and computational approaches to the analysis of gene expression.
Authors: Rafalski J A , Hanafey M , Miao G H , Ching A , Lee J M , Dolan M , Tingey S
Published: January 2020

Public and private EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) programs provide access to a large number of ESTs from a number of plant species, including Arabidopsis, corn, soybean, rice, wheat. In addition to the homology of each EST to genes in GenBank, information about homology to all other ESTs in the data base can be obtained. To estimate expression levels of genes represented in the DuPont EST data base we count the number of times each gene has been seen in different cDNA libraries, from different tissues, developmental stages or induction conditions. This quantitation of message levels is quite accurate for highly expressed messages and, unlike conventional Northern blots, allows comparison of expression levels between different genes. Lists of most highly expresses genes in different libraries can be compiled. Also, if EST data is available for cDNA libraries derived from different developmental stages, gene expression profiles across development can be assembled. We present an example of such a profile for soybean seed development. Gene expression data obtained from Electronic Northern analysis can be confirmed and extended beyond the realm of highly expressed genes by using high density DNA arrays. The ESTs identified as interesting can be arrayed on nylon or glass and probed with total labeled cDNA first strand from the tissue of interest. Two-color fluorescent labeling allows accurate mRNA ratio measurements. We are currently using the DNA array technology to study chemical induction of gene expression and the biosynthesis of oil, carbohydrate and protein in developing seeds.
Antioxidant activity: what do we measure?
Authors: Bartosz G , Bartosz M
Published: January 2020

Inhibition of oxidation of 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) by free radicals generated by decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidopropane) (ABAP) by antioxidants and biological material was studied. A correlation was found between the ability of various substances to delay the onset of ABTS oxidation and their rapid reduction of the ABTS+* cation radical, and between the ability to reduce the maximal rate of ABTS oxidation and slow reduction of ABTS+*. The length of the lag period of ABTS oxidation was found to be independent of ABTS concentration. Similar decrease of peroxynitrite-induced ABTS+* formation by antioxidants was observed when the antioxidants were added before and after peroxynitrite. All these findings indicate that the main effect of antioxidants in this system is reduction of ABTS+* and not prevention of its formation. Reduction of oxidation products rather than inhibition of their formation may be the predominant mode of action of antioxidants in various assays of antioxidant activity.
4-Hydroxy-2,3-nonenal as a signal for cell function and differentiation.
Authors: Dianzani M U , Barrera G , Parola M
Published: January 2020

4-Hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) is a biologically active aldehydic end product of oxidative decomposition of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids, a process referred to as lipid peroxidation. HNE has been detected in several experimental and clinical conditions in which oxidative stress has been reported to occur and several authors have suggested that HNE and related 4-hydroxy-2,3-alkenals (HAKs) of different chain length may act not only as toxic and mutagenic mediators of oxidative stress-related injury but also as biological signals in normal and pathological conditions. In this paper we will review the literature supporting the concept that HNE and HAKs may act as signal molecules able to modulate biological events such as chemotaxis, signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation and cell differentiation.
Nuclear receptors, their coactivators and modulation of transcription.
Authors: Manteuffel-Cymborowska M
Published: January 2020

Nuclear receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors which can also be activated in the absence of their lipophilic ligands by signaling substances acting on cell membrane receptors. This ligand-independent activation indicates the importance of nuclear receptor phosphorylation for their function. Nuclear receptor-mediated transcription of target genes is further increased by interactions with recruited coactivators forming a novel family of nuclear proteins. CBP/p300, a coactivator of different classes of transcription factors, including the tumor suppressor protein p53, plays a special role acting as a bridging protein between inducible transcription factors and the basal transcription apparatus, and as an integrator of diverse signaling pathways. Coactivators of nuclear receptors and associated proteins forming a multicomponent complex have an intrinsic histone acetylase activity in contrast to nuclear receptor and heterodimer Mad-Max corepressors, which recruit histone deacetylase. Similarly the Rb protein interacts with histone deacetylase to repress transcription of cell cycle regulatory genes. Targeted histone acetylation/deacetylation results in remodeling of chromatin structure and correlates with activation/repression of transcription. Recent data point to the important role of coactivator proteins associated with inducible transcription factors in transcription regulation, and in the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways within the nucleus.
Study on Home Chairs Design Evaluation for Low-and Middle-income Groups Based on User Experience
Authors: Leng Xianshu , Zhang Hong , Feng Ding
Published: January 2020

Pay attention to the home living environment of low-and middle-income groups, study the user-centered design evaluation method to guide the design of home chairs suitable for low-and middle-income groups. Introducing Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）into home chairs’ design evaluation, it establishes a different layer and different elements structure model based on sensory experience, behavioral experience, emotional experience and economic experience from the point of user experience. Scoring each element, it calculates and determines the weight value of every element, and forms an evaluation method of home chairs for low-and middle-income Groups. Using the method to evaluate the design schemes of 3 home chairs, it obtains the optimal scheme. Then, surveying the market sales data to verify the accuracy of the result. The evaluation method consists of four major elements: sensory experience(B1), 27%; behavior experience(B2), 41%; emotional experience(B3), 10%; economic experience(B4), 22%. The method can effectively solve the complex comparison of multiple elements in design evaluation and provide a comprehensive method combining qualitative and quantitative methods for product design, and provides reference for products design and evaluation of the same type
International Development Law: Resolving the Contentious Question of State Sovereignty and Right to and Ownership of Natural Resources
Authors: Enya Nwocha Dr. Matthew
Published: January 2020

This work came up against the background of the contentious question and multiplicity of claims of ownership of natural resources located within a given state territory. The paper has addressed the question whether this claim legitimately inheres in the state as a sovereign or in the native inhabitants of the land area where the mineral resources are domiciled pursuant to the international right to self-determination. It is the finding that, among other things, the right to permanent sovereignty over natural resources is a legitimate one in international law. Notwithstanding, as the paper has concluded, only the legislature and the courts in any particular domestic jurisdiction can determine with finality the specific entity, institution, or unit within a state sovereign in whom this ultimate ownership resides.
EFEITO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE ANODIZAÇÃO EM Ti6Al4V NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DO ÓXIDO FORMADO
Authors: Silva Layane Isabelli , Lins Vanessa de Freitas Cunha , Junqueira Rosa Maria Rabelo
Published: January 2020

Um dos grandes desafios na área de biomateriais é desenvolver implantes que consigam aliar biocompatibilidade e resistência à corrosão. Ligas de titânio vêm sendo largamente aplicadas com essa finalidade, uma vez que apresentam tais características, além de exibirem maior resistência mecânica e melhor custo-benefício frente ao titânio puro. Sob essa perspectiva, este trabalho estudou as condições do processo de anodização da liga Ti6Al4V. A caracterização do óxido formado foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) acoplado a uma sonda de espectroscopia dispersiva em energia (EDS) e difração de raios-X (DRX). Os resultados indicam que apenas o H2SO4 favoreceu a formação de filmes cristalinos, contudo, em H3PO4, os filmes são enriquecidos com fósforo.
Social practices in providing social services for families in Lithuania: day care centers approach
Authors: Pivorienė Jolanta , Sungkono Shierly Angelina
Published: January 2020

Despite the considerable number of scientific papers on the importance of interactions between social workers and children in world literature, there are only a few studies and scientific papers in Lithuania that focus on the experience of social workers to interact with vulnerable children. The aim of this article is therefore to analyze the methods of interacting social workers with vulnerable children in daycare centers. Two research questions were formulated: what are the most effective and the least effective methods of interacting with sensitive children in the Vilnius daycare centers. The qualitative methodological approach was applied in the study. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis, which allowed for the separation of three main categories: common interaction methods, the most effective methods, and the least effective methods. The qualitative analysis of the data enabled, in turn, to indicate within the subcategories of the various activities to be able to rule on the effectiveness and functionality of group and individual therapy.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH ON BIOLOGY LEARNING GRADE X STATE HIGH SCHOOL VIEWED BY TEACHER’S EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Authors: Siwi Hefi Marrdias , Pahlifi Dwi Maihidin
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to examine the implementation of a scientific approach on biology learning of grade X state senior high school in Wonogiri viewed from teacher's employment status. It is descriptive research using the observation method. The subject involved Biology teachers of grade X and the students of grade X as many as 1 class from each school. Employing a convenience sampling technique, the researchers selected a sample of 6 biology teachers from grade X. The independent variable was the biology teacher's employment status, and the dependent variable was the scientific implementation approach on biology learning. The instrument used in this research was an observation sheet. The acquired data then analyzed descriptively. The research results have indicated that biology teachers' employment status who is a civil servant or non-civil servant has implemented the scientific approach well. The students' involvement and activity were positive during the learning process.
The Role of Substance P in Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Authors: Rachmawati Yusnita
Published: January 2020

Low Back Pain is one of the disease that causing global disability in the worldwide. In the past 10 years, prevalence of LBP has not decreased, it makes global burden increase substantially. Chronic low back pain(CLBP) is pain that is almost experienced daily by patients in the lower back region in a period of more than 3 months. Chronic low back pain is a mixture of pain that arises through nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms. Over the past decade, numerous  guidelines have been used  in the management of CLBP. Problems that are still a controversy include the management of pain. The mechanism of many treatment measures is still in the low to moderate effectiveness stage, so that the pain management target is not optimal. Substance P is a neuropeptide that release  both in acute and chronic pain. Therefore study about mechanisms that affect SP release may show important information regarding pathological alterations in pain perception.
Menumbuhkan Motivasi Belajar Anak Sekolah Dasar Melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Learning By Doing
Authors: Rosidah Rosidah
Published: January 2020

Motivasi merupakan suatu dorongan atau alasan yang menjadi dasar semangat seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu, sedangkan strategi pembelajaran merupakan alat untuk mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Berbicara mengenai strategi pembelajaran dalam lingkup sekolah dasar sebagaimana kita ketahui selama ini bahwa pembelajaran hanyaberpusat pada guru (teachercentered) yaitu guru yang lebih agresif dan aktif dalam proses pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada target penguasaan materi dan pengembangan intelektual siswa dengan penekanan pengembangan aspek kognitif. Hal inilah yang kemudian menjadi dasar masalah peserta didik tidak antusias dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran di kelas, sehingga guru dituntut untuk menerapkan strategi pembelajaran sesuai dengan materi secaraaktif dan menyenangkan untuk menumbuhkan motivasi belajar anak. Dalam hal ini, salah satu alternative strategi pembelajaran yang bisa diaplikasikan oleh guru di sekolah dasar yakni learning by doing. Learning by doingini merupakan belajar yang dilakukan secara langsung (belajar dengan melakukan), sehingga materi ajar yang disampaikan guru akan lebih melekat dalam diri peserta didik. Bentuk pengajaran dalam konteks learning by doing yakni: 1) menumbuhkan motivasi belajar anak. 2) mengajak anak didik beraktivitas. 3) mengajar dengan memperhatikan perbedaan individual. 4) mengajar dengan umpan balik. 5) mengajar dengan pengalihan. 6) penyusunan pemahaman yang logis dan psikologis.
Saturado, maturado ou em ascensão? Por qual caminho permeiam as bibliometrias da área de Gestão de Pessoas?
Authors: Coura Karla Veloso , Dias Gilmara Aparecida De Freitas , Athayde André Luiz Mendes , Demo Gisela , Costa Ana Carolina Rezende
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho pretendeu analisar as bibliometrias da área de gestão de pessoas, identificando elementos como demografia, temáticas, relações sociais e metodologia, verificar os resultados dos artigos considerados pelas respectivas bibliometrias, bem como oferecer uma agenda de pesquisa para investigações futuras. O estudo se baseou na aplicação do método bibliométrico a bibliometrias publicadas pelas revistas nacionais com estrato Qualis/CAPES superior ou igual a B2 da área de administração. Constitui-se, portanto, um estudo original no sentido de ter realizado uma bibliometria de bibliometrias. Os resultados apontaram uma maior concentração das temáticas ‘Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho’, ‘Gestão de Pessoas’, ‘Gestão de Recursos Humanos’ e ‘Políticas de Gestão de Pessoas’. Outrossim, por meio da verificação da sociometria das palavras-chave dos artigos, revelou-se uma aproximação das nomenclaturas de ‘Gestão de Pessoas’ e ‘Recursos Humanos’.
Planejamento profissional: percepção de formandos em final da graduação
Authors: Lucas Michele Gaboardi , Crescela Viviane Celita
Published: January 2020

Uma das dificuldades encontradas pelos sujeitos recém-formados é ingressar no mercado de trabalho, desta forma o planejamento de carreira se torna uma modalidade, cada vez mais importante principalmente no ensino superior, visto que se espera que a transição, universidade-mercado de trabalho ocorra de forma imediata. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, de caráter exploratório, que teve como objetivo geral analisar como os formandos de graduação, planejam seu futuro profissional. Assim, foram aplicados 137 questionários, com perguntas abertas e fechadas, acerca do tema planejamento de carreira. Os resultados demonstraram que há um entendimento sobre o que venha a ser planejamento de carreira e sua importância, porém apenas 41% responderam estar desenvolvendo um planejamento de carreira.
ISSR as a tool to support taxonomic decisions: a first approach for Chascolytrum species complexes (Poaceae)
Authors: Essi Liliana , Wagner Hilda Maria Longhi , Chies Tatiana Teixeira de Souza
Published: January 2020

Chascolytrum Desv. is a South American grass genus, with extension up to Central America, which presents several taxonomic controversies concerning genera and species circumscriptions. Morphological studies were not able to provide robust elements for taxonomic decisions in some species complexes. It was the case of Chascolytrum subaristatum and morphological allies, and of Chascolytrum rufum plus the acceptance (or rejection) of two varieties. In order to provide additional elements for taxonomic decisions in these species complexes, it was performed a preliminary survey using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Nine primers were used to build similarity dendrograms, and 25 collections  were included, analysed in two separated complexes. ISSR were able to separate the two varieties of Chascolytrum rufum, supporting their acceptance. Two species recently described could be clearly separated from their morphologically related taxa, but the species Briza erecta, Briza macrostachya and Chascolytrum subaristatum, as well as Briza subaristata var. interrupta, could not be separated, adding elements to the synonymization of these three taxa under Chascolytrum ubaristatum. The ISSR contributed to solving some controversies on genus Chascolytrum, but its use as an exclusive species-marker is limited in this genus due to high band polymorphism.
The Influence of Rhizosphere Fungal Diversity and Complex Community Structure to Wheat Root Rot Disease
Authors: Zhang Xuejiang , Wang Heyun , Ash Gavin , Yu Dazhao , Wang Hua
Published: January 2020

Background: Wheat root rot disease due to soil-borne fungal pathogens leads to tremendous yield losses worth billions of dollars worldwide every year. It is very important to study the relationship between rhizosphere fungal diversity and wheat roots to understand the occurrence and development of wheat root rot disease. Results: A significant difference in fungal diversity was observed between the diseased and healthy groups in the heading stage, but the trend was the opposite in the filling stage. The abundance of most genera with high richness decreased significantly from the heading to the filling stage in the diseased groups; the richness of approximately one-third of all genera remained unchanged, and only a few low-richness genera, such as Fusarium and Ceratobasidium, had a very significant increase from the heading to the filling stage. In the healthy groups, the abundance of most genera increased significantly from the heading to the filling stage; the abundance of some genera did not change markedly, or the abundance of very few genera increased significantly. Physical and chemical soil indicators showed that low soil pH and density, increases in ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen contributed to the occurrence of wheat root rot disease. Conclusions: Our results revealed that in the early stages of disease, highly diverse rhizosphere fungi and a complex community structure can easily cause wheat root rot disease. The existence of pathogenic fungi is a necessary condition for wheat root rot disease, but the richness of pathogenic fungi is not necessarily important. The increases in ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen contributed to the occurrence of wheat root rot disease. Low soil pH and soil density are beneficial to the occurrence of wheat root rot disease.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus in Rural and Urban Areas in Togo
Authors: Gambogou Banfitebiyi , Gbekley Holaly E. , Bouacha Mabrouka
Published: January 2020

Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a public health problem in many parts of the world, due to its frequency, complications and socio-economic consequences. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in rural areas and in urban areas. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of HBV infection from 2015-2018 at CHR-Sokodé and USP of Ogaro. Biological data of 3000 participants (500 per year in each zone) enrolled and results of HBsAg were assessed during the study period. Female are represented 60% with average age comprised between [20, 29] years old. The high rate of participants enrolled (45.10%) are come for the monitoring of pregnancy. The prevalence of VHB during the study are 20.33% (610/3000), high prevalence (6.27%) and the means of VHB prevalence are shown in the age range between [30; 39] with 12.17% (365/3000) of female and 8.17% (235/3000) of male are positive after diagnostic detection of HBsAg (antigen of Hepatitis B virus). The prevalence of HBV in rural zone (Ogaro) are 5.23% and 15.07% in urban zone (Sokodé) and the high prevalence (17.50%) are shown in urban zone. The high prevalence of young suggests that some effort will be due to sensibilized young for HBV sexual transmission and the way of prevention. In addition, some research would be done in research of alternative therapy against this infection.
Present and Future Contributions of Reactor Experiments to Mass Ordering and Neutrino Oscillation Studies
Authors: Antonelli Vito , Miramonti Lino , Ranucci Gioacchino
Published: January 2020

After a long a glorious history, marked by the first direct proofs of neutrino existence and of the mixing between the first and third neutrino generations, the reactor antineutrino experiments are still well alive and will continue to give important contributions to the development of elementary particle physics and astrophysics. In parallel to the SBL experiments, that will be dedicated mainly to the search for sterile neutrinos, a new kind of experiments will start playing an important role: the medium baseline reactor experiments, aiming to study the neutrino mass ordering. The first example of this kind, the liquid scintillator JUNO experiment, characterized by a very high mass and unprecedented energy resolution, will soon start data taking in China. Its main aspects are discussed here, together with its potentialities for what concerns the mass ordering investigation and also the other issues that can be studied with this detector, spanning from the accurate oscillation parameter determination, to the study of solar neutrinos, geoneutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos and neutrinos emitted by supernovas and to the search for signals of potential Lorentz invariance violation.
Desinteresse e Proposições para Escola Atual: Contribuições do Pensamento Complexo
Authors: Frankiv Marianna Angonese , Domingues Soraya Corrêa
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o arcabouço teórico utilizado como subsídio para analisar os motivos do desinteresse dos estudantes do Ensino Médio pelo estudo, considerando sua cultura, permeada pela condição pós- -moderna, na qual a escola também se insere. A prática consumista e a “era digital” dão importantes indícios do visível desinteresse na escola, que permanece com currículos e tempos engessados. Este estudo se baseou em quatro elementos de análise: currículo escolar; tempo/ espaço pedagógico; conteúdos escolares e relação aluno- -professor. Optou-se para este diagnóstico e estudo um levantamento bibliográfico. Por fim, buscou-se como possibilidade de uma escola ressignificada alguns elementos relevantes que o pensamento complexo traz, entre eles, a reforma radical do pensamento e a transdisciplinariedade, todos embasadas pelo idealizador do pensamento complexo: Edgar Morin e seu estudioso Martinazzo.
Validation and Modification of Staging Systems for Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Haihong , Lin Zhenyu , Li Guiling , Zhang Dejun , Yu Dandan , Lin Qili , Wang Jing , Zhao Ye , Pi Guoliang , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2020

Background The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging classifications and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) are two broadly used systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This study aims to identify the most accurate and useful TNM staging system for poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas(pNECs). Methods An analysis was performed to evaluate the application of the ENETS, 7th edition (7th) AJCC and 8th edition (8th) AJCC staging classifications using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (N = 568 patients). A modified system was proposed based on analysis of the 7th AJCC classification. Results In multivariable analyses, only the 7th AJCC staging system allocated patients into four different risk groups, compared with the 8th AJCC staging system and ENETS staging system, although there was no significant difference. We modified the staging classification by maintaining the T and M definitions of the 7th AJCC staging and adopting new staging definitions. An increased hazard ratio (HR) of death was also observed from class I to class IV for the modified 7th (m7th) staging system (compared with stage I disease; HR for stage II =1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.73-2.06, P =0.44; HR for stage III =2.20, 95% CI =1.06-4.56, P=0.03; HR for stage IV =4.95, 95% CI =3.20-7.65, P < 0.001).The concordance index (C-index) was higher for local disease with the m7th AJCC staging system than with the 7th AJCC staging system. Conclusions The m7th AJCC staging system for pNECs proposed in this study provides improvements and may be assessed for potential adoption in the next edition.
Social acceptance of alcohol use in Uganda
Authors: Ssebunnya Joshua , Kituyi Caroline , Nabanoba Justine , Nakku Juliet , Bhana Arvin , Kigozi Fred
Published: January 2020

Background: Alcohol use is part of many cultural, religious and social practices, and provides perceived pleasure to many users. In many societies, alcoholic beverages are a routine part of the social landscape for many in the population. Relatively low rates were reported for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in a community based survey and facility detection survey conducted in the study site contrary to findings in earlier formative studies where alcohol use was reported to be a major health problem. The aim of this study was to understand reasons for under-reporting and the low detection rate for AUDs, exploring the societal perceptions of alcohol use in the study district. Methods: The study was conducted in Kamuli District (implementation site for the PRIME project). Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with purposively selected participants that included local and religious leaders, lay people, health workers as well as heavy alcohol drinkers and their spouses. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis followed 4 thematic areas, which include the extent and acceptability of alcohol use, patterns of alcohol use, perceived health problems associated with alcohol use and help-seeking behavior for persons with alcohol related problems. Results: The findings indicate that alcohol consumption in the study site was common and widely acceptable across all categories of people, with minimal restrictions. Society tends to overlook problems associated with alcohol use except when it is life-threatening. Help-seeking for such problems was therefore reported to be relatively rare. Conclusion: Alcohol was readily available in the community and its consumption widely acceptable with minimal restrictions to the minors. There is low recognition of alcohol use related health problems, resulting in poor help-seeking behavior. Key words: Alcohol, Kamuli, Alcohol Use Disorder, PRIME acceptability
Matrine protects retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in experimental optic neuritis
Authors: Kang Jian , Liu Shu-Qing , Song Yi-Fan , Wang Meng-Ru , Chu Yao-Juan , Shi Ya-Min , Zhang Feng-Yan , Wu Hongyang , Zhu Lin
Published: January 2020

Background: Inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury of the optic nerve are hallmarks of optic neuritis (ON), which often occurs in multiple sclerosis and is a major cause of blindness in young adults. Although a high dose of corticosteroids can promote visual recovery, it cannot prevent permanent neuronal damage. Novel and effective therapies are thus required. Given the recently defined capacity of matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae flavescens, in immunomodulation and neuroprotection, we tested in this study the effect of matrine on ON in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Results: MAT administration, started at disease onset, significantly suppressed optic nerve infiltration and demyelination, with reduced numbers of Iba1+ macrophages/microglia and CD4+ T cells, compared to those from vehicle-treated rats. Increased expression of neurofilaments, an axon marker, and decreased apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were also observed after MAT treatment. Conclusions: Taken as a whole, our results demonstrate that MAT attenuated inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss in the optic nerve, and protected RGCs from inflammation-induced cell death. MAT may therefore have potential as a novel treatment for this disease that causes blindness.
How many words are Australian children hearing in the first year of life?
Authors: Brushe Mary E , Lynch John W. , Reilly Sheena , Melhuish Edward , Brinkman Sally A.
Published: January 2020

Background: There is evidence that parents from more socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds engage in fewer verbal interactions with their child than more advantaged parents. This leads to the so-called, ‘30 million-word gap’. We used improved technology to investigate the number of words children hear in their first year of life.

Methods: Mothers were recruited into a five-year prospective cohort study and categorized into either high or low maternal education groups. Data was derived from the first two waves of the study, when the children were six and twelve months old. At both waves, children were involved in day-long audio recordings using the Language Environment Analysis software that provided automatic counts of adult words spoken to the child, child vocalizations and conversational turns. Descriptive results are presented by maternal education groups.

Results: There was large variation within each maternal education group, with the number of adult words spoken to the child ranging from 2,958 to 39,583 at six months and 4,389 to 45,849 at twelve months. There were no meaningful differences between adult words, child vocalizations or conversational turns across maternal education groups at either wave of data collection.

Conclusions: These results show that a word gap related to maternal education is not apparent up to twelve months of age. The large variability among both maternal education groups suggests that universal interventions that encourage all parents to talk more to their child may be more appropriate than interventions targeted towards disadvantaged families during the first year of life.
Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the North East of Scotland: Survival, Clinico-Pathological Features and Genetics
Authors: Perrott Sarah , Laurie Kirsten , Laws Kirsten , Johnes Annie , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Samuel Leslie
Published: January 2020

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients aged under 55 years is on the rise, constituting approximately 10% of cases. Our aim was to determine the survival and clinico-pathological details of young-onset CRC (yCRC), as well as audit the referral rate to genetic services and thus establish the incidence of inherited cancer syndromes.
Methods
A retrospective case note review was conducted for patients aged under 55 years who were diagnosed with CRC between 2005-2015 in the North East of Scotland. Cases were identified by pathology records and data was obtained from patient notes then crosschecked with the NHS Grampian genetics electronic case records. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 (IBM, New York, USA) to produce Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, descriptive statistics and markers predictive for genetic referral.
Results
Data from 345 patients (age range 22-54 years) were identified. The one year, five year and overall survival rates were found to be 89%, 63% and 55%, respectively. Most patients (61%) presented with advanced disease. Of 201 patients that met criteria for genetic referral, only 93 (46%) were referred to genetics services. Microsatellites instability (MSI) was identified in 14% of those referred.
Conclusions
Survival in yCRC was found to be better than that in later onset disease, despite higher rates of advanced disease. Patients were under-referred to genetic services, where a significant proportion were found to be MSI positive and investigated for Lynch syndrome.
Defining the minimal effective volume and amount of lidocaine to perform a femoral nerve block under ultrasound control
Authors: Piacherski Valery , Marachkou Aliaksei
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe application of the combination of local anesthetics (LA) in some parts of the body increases the amount of LA and plasma concentration. The aim of our research was to define the minimal effective volume and amount of lidocaine with added adrenaline (1:200,000) to perform a femoral nerve block under ultrasound control and with neurostimulation. MethodsFemoral nerve blockade was performed with the following lidocaine solutions: 0.75% -10 ml, 7.5 ml; 1% -20ml, 15ml, 10ml, 7.5ml, 5ml; 1.5% -5ml, 4ml; 2% -5 ml, 4 ml; 3% -5ml, 4ml, 3ml; 4% -5 ml, 4 ml, 3 ml, 2.5 ml. All blocks were performed with added adrenaline (1:200,000). In all, 181 blocks of the femoral nerve, in combination with sciatic nerve blocks, were carried out with the help of the electrostimulation of peripheral nerves, and under ultrasound. The quality of motor and sensory blocks was assessed after 45 min of administration of the femoral nerve block. ResultsA total of 181 femoral nerve blocks, in combination with sciatic nerve blocks, were used via the help of electrostimulation of the peripheral nerves (EPN), and under ultrasound (US) control. The femoral nerve blockade was effective with the following lidocaine solutions: 0.75% -10 ml (75mg); 1% -20ml, 15ml, 10ml, 7.5ml (75mg); 1.5% -5ml (75mg); 2% -5 ml (100 mg); 3% -5ml (150mg); 4% -5 ml (200mg). Femoral blockade was ineffective when using the following solutions of lidocaine: 0.75% - 7.5ml (56.25 mg); 1% - 5ml (50mg); 1.5% - 4ml (60mg, No spread along the entire circumference of the nerve - NSAECN); 2% - 4 ml (80mg, NSAECN); 3% - 4ml (120mg NSAECN), 3 ml; 4% - 4 ml (160 mg, NSAECN), 3 ml, 2.5 ml. ConclusionFor a complete motor and sensory block of the femoral nerve: the minimum effective volume of local anesthetics was 5 ml; and the minimum effective amount of lidocaine was 75 mg. А complete block of the femoral nerve was achieved only with the spreading of local anesthetic along the whole circumference of the femoral nerve.
An observational study of patho-oncological outcomes of various surgical methods in total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a single center analysis
Authors: CHEN YI-TING , HUANG CHING-WEN , MA CHENG-JEN , TSAI HSIANG-LIN , YEH YUNG-SUNG , SU WEI-CHIH , CHAI CHEE-YIN , Wang Jaw Yuan
Published: January 2020

Background

Total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the treatment for rectal cancer (RC). Recently, the use of conventional laparoscopic surgery (LS) or robotic-assisted surgery (RS) has been on a steady increase cases. However, various oncological outcomes from different surgical approaches are still under investigation.Materials and methods

This is a retrospective observational study comprising 300 consecutive RC patients who underwent various techniques of TME (RS, n = 88; LS, n = 37; Open surgery, n = 175) at a single center of real world data to compare the pathological and oncological outcomes, with a median follow-up of 48 months.Results

Upon multivariate analysis, histologic grade ( P =0.048), tumor depth ( P =0.003), and pre-operative CCRT ( P =0.038) were the independent factors of circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined RS, early pathologic stage, negative CRM involvement, and pathologic complete response to be significantly associated with better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (all P <0.05). Multivariable analyses observed the surgical method ( P =0.037), histologic grade ( P =0.006), and CRM involvement ( P =0.043) were the independent factors of DFS, whereas histologic grade ( P =0.011) and pathologic stage ( P =0.022) were the independent prognostic variables of OS.Conclusions

This study determined that RS TME is feasible because it has less CRM involvement and better oncological outcomes than the alternatives have. The significant factors influencing CRM and prognosis depended on the histologic grade, tumor depth, and pre-operative CCRT. RS might be an acceptable option owing to the favorable oncological outcomes for patients with RC undergoing TME.
Demographic profile, clinical features, and outcome of peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage: an observational study
Authors: Zou Ming , Zhang Yi , Huang Xi , Gao Sheng , Zhang Junjun
Published: January 2020

Background
To evaluate the etiology, demographic profile, clinical features, and outcomes in patients with peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage (PSH).
Methods
Thirty-eight eyes of 37 consecutive patients with PSH were enrolled in this prospective observational study over 4 years; all were followed for 2 years. The main outcome measures were demographic profile, possible etiology, clinical features, outcome, and prognosis.
Results
Sixty-eight percent (26/38) of eyes were in female patients; the mean patient age was 20 years. Only 1 patient (1/37) showed bilateral involvement. All patients experienced acute onset of PSH. All eyes were myopic and their best-corrected visual acuities ranged from 20/1000 to 20/12.5. The fundus features of affected eyes were classified into 3 groups: (1) PSH alone (4/38 eyes, 10.5%); (2) PSH with intrapapillary hemorrhage (17/38 eyes, 44.7%); (3) PSH with intrapapillary and vitreous hemorrhage (17/38 eyes, 44.7%). PSH occurred in nasal edges of optic discs with a crescent shape and dull-red color. All affected optic discs were small and crowded, exhibiting variable degrees of tilting. The cup of affected optic discs was narrower and deeper than that of normal control discs. Other ancillary tests provided no additional value. After a mean follow-up of 2.85 months, the hemorrhages resolved spontaneously without sequelae. Recurrence of disease was not observed in any patients.
Conclusions
PSH is common in myopic eyes with tilted optic discs. We suspect that these hemorrhages occurred as a result of abrupt movement acting on a morphologically vulnerable optic disc.