bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Analysis of Foramen Magnum: A 3D Slicer CT Study
Authors: GÜRLEK ÇELİK Nihal , AKMAN Burcu
Published: October 2023

Aim: To analyze the anatomical structure of foramen magnum in healthy individuals according to age/gender.

Material and Methods: Cranial Computed Tomography (CT) images of 130 healthy individuals (60 female, 70 male) the 18-84 age were included in our study. Using the 3D Slicer software package on these images, the Anterior-Posterior Diameter (APD), Transverse Diameter (TD), perimeter, area, angle between the posterior edge of the foramen magnum and the clivus (FMC) value, and index were found. The shapes of the foramen magnum were analysed.

Results: There was no statistical significance between age, FMC, and foramen magnum index values in both genders (p>0.05). APD, TD, perimeter, and area values of males were statistically higher (p0.05). Seven shapes of foramen magnum have been seen. The most common was the oval shape (27.7%) and the least common was the pentagon (1.5%).

Conclusion: Knowing the anatomical structure of the foramen magnum is important in terms of identity and ethnicity. We also think that our results may contribute to the surgical treatment of the foramen magnum and adjacent structures.
FİFA Dünya Kupası Eleme Turlarında Turu Geçen ve Elenen Takımları Ayırt Eden Oyun-İçi İstatistiklerin Belirlenmesi: 2010-2022 Yılları Arasında Düzenlenen Dünya Kupası Organizasyonları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: KİLCİ Alp Kaan , YALÇINER Serhat , AYDIN Gökhan , ÖZDAYI Nahit
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, FİFA Dünya Kupasında grup aşamalarından sonra yer alan eleme turlarındaki takımları ayırt eden oyun içi istatistiklerinin ve futbolda bu istatistiklerin yıldan yıla nasıl değiştiğinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada 2010, 2014, 2018 ve 2022 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen son dört Dünya Kupası organizasyonlarında oynanan son 16 turu, çeyrek final, yarı final ve final karşılaşmaları incelenmiştir. Veriler resmî FİFA ve Sofascore web sitelerinden toplanmıştır. Takımlar “turu geçen” ve “elenen” olarak iki gruba ayrılmış ve penaltılara giden müsabakalar analize dahil edilmemiştir. Toplanan veriler SPSS 26 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin tanımlayıcı istatistikleri belirlenmiş, turu geçen ve elenen takımlar arasındaki ayırt edici değişkenleri belirlemek için ise diskriminant analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularına göre eleme turlarında ilk golü atmanın, ikinci yarıda atılan gol sayısının, toplam şutların (ceza sahası içi-dışı), kornerlerin, faul sayısının, kaleci kurtarışlarının, ikili mücadele kazanma sayısının, pas sayısının, başarılı uzun topun ve top sürme değişkenlerinin turu geçen ve elenen takımları ayırt edici oyun içi istatistikler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, Dünya Kupası’nda her yıl takımların başarısındaki ayırt edici değişkenlerin farklılaştığını, dolayısı ile futbol anlayışının yıldan yıla değiştiğini ve genel itibari ile ilk golü atan takımların eleme turlarında daha başarılı olduğunu göstermektedir.
Enhancing Epidemiologic Surveillance to Address the Opioid Epidemic: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing Opportunities
Authors: Johnson Ebony D.
Published: October 2023

The United States is currently facing an alarming opioid epidemic, with overdose deaths rising by over 250% between 1999 and 2019. Synthetic opioids, polysubstance use, and stimulants have emerged as the primary contributors to this crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the situation, resulting in a 30% surge in overdose deaths in 2020, with indications of continued increases over time. Not only has this crisis taken a devastating toll on public health, but it has also imposed an immense financial burden, with costs reaching approximately $1.5 trillion in 2020 alone. To effectively address this multifaceted issue, it is imperative to adopt a comprehensive approach that encompasses epidemiology, clinical practices, and forensic investigations. Crucially, accurate and comprehensive data on opioid overdoses are vital for the development of evidence-based strategies. This policy brief highlights the urgent need to improve data infrastructure and collection methods, establish standardized definitions, and harness the potential of modern data science techniques. By prioritizing public health, fostering collaborations, and allocating necessary resources, we can effectively combat the opioid crisis and work towards a healthier future for all.
Makna Sola Fide bagi Kehidupan Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Watunglawar Welem Novi , Suhadi Suhadi
Published: October 2023

Doktrin sola fide yang dihidupkan kembali oleh Martin Luther (1483-1546) lahir di akhir periode abad pertengahan dan menjelang abad pencerahan yang secara konteks sosial memiliki perbedaan dengan masyarakat abad 21, perbedaan ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang sejauh mana doktrin sola fide abad ke 15-16 masih memiliki makna dan relevansi dengan orang Kristen abad ke-21? Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan “apakah makna sola fide bagi pergumulan kehidupan orang percaya masa kini?”. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan bahwa ajaran sola fide masih memiliki makna yang relevan bagi orang Kristen masa kini. Tulisan ini akan menyoroti empat isu yang dihadapi oleh orang Kristen modern yaitu isu pluralisme agama, antinomianisme, kerinduan akan autentisitas eksistensialis, dan legalisme. Pertanyaan penelitian dari tulisan ini akan dijawab dengan mendeskripsikan pemikiran Martin Luther tentang sola fide dengan menguraikan konteks kehidupan Martin Luther dan ide-ide dasar yang membentuk gagasan Luther tentang sola fide. Ide-ide dasar yang dibahas yaitu ajaran Luther tentang dosa, anugerah, pembenaran dan perbuatan baik, pembenaran oleh iman. Kemudian menarik relevansi doktrin sola fide dengan kehidupan Kristen masa kita dengan cara menyoroti empat isu utama yaitu pluralisme agama, antinomianisme, kerinduan akan autentisitas eksistensialis, dan legalisme. Dengan demikian akan dapat dilihat bagaimana makna doktrin sola fide bagi kehidupan orang percaya masa kini.
Model Pelayanan Visitasi dalam Kisah Para Rasul 9:32-42 untuk Meningkatkan Kesetiaan Beribadah Jemaat
Authors: Kadun Satria Omega
Published: October 2023

Jemaat atau gereja adalah sekumpulan orang percaya yang sudah menerima Tuhan Yesus sebagai Tuhan dan Juruselamat secara pribadi dan dibaptiskan sebagai kesaksian imannya. Kristus adalah Kepala gereja dan gereja adalah tubuh-Nya. Sehingga jemaat harus dibimbing untuk hidup dalam kebenaran Firman Tuhan. Maka diperlukan seseorang yang dapat mendampingi jemaat tersebut yaitu seorang pemimpin atau gembala sidang yang lebih sering disebut sebagai hamba Tuhan. Upaya dalam mewujudkannya, tidak dapat dilakukan hanya fokus pada pelayanan khotbah dalam ibadah saja, melainkan perlu hubungan kedekatan yang dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pelayanan visitasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif kepustakaan (library research), dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Sumber data menggunakan buku dan artikel jurnal terkait. Sumber utama untuk studi penelitian ini adalah Alkitab dan literatur. Peneliti melakukan analisis literatur dengan cara menambah informasi, mencari kaitan dengan berbagai sumber, membandingkan, dan mencari hasil berdasarkan data yang sebenarnya. Dalam kajian ini mengkaji model pelayanan visitasi dalam kisah para rasul 9:32-42 untuk meningkatkan kesetiaan beribadah jemaat.
Konsep Doa Sebagai Persembahan Yang Murni Kepada Tuhan Menurut St. Aphrahat: Persembahan yang Tidak Terlihat
Authors: Hia Maritaisi , Hendi Hendi
Published: October 2023

Doa adalah bagian penting yang harus ada dalam diri orang percaya. Di dalam doa seseorang mencurahkan segala isi hati kepada Tuhan, dan dilakukan ketika seseorang meminta apa yang dibutuhkan kepada Allah. Tetapi St. Aphrahat memberikan pemahaman yang lain tentang doa yaitu doa adalah persembahan murni yang dipersembahkan kepada Tuhan melalui hati yang murni. Dan inilah yang menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah orang percaya dapat mengetahui bahwa doa bukan hanya sekedar meminta kebutuhan kepada Tuhan tetapi doa sebagai sesuatu hal yang dapat diamalkan kepada Tuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi pustaka dengan dua buku sebagai sumber primer yaitu buku “Aphrahat the Persian Sage and the Temple of God A Study of Early Syriac Theological Anthropology” dan buku “Semitic Christianity St. Aphrahat  the Sages of Babylonian Talmud”. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa doa adalah persembahan yang tidak terlihat dipersembahkan di atas mezbah yang murni yaitu di dalam hati yang murni sehingga doa yang dipersembahkan dapat berkenan di hadapan Allah. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa doa murni yang di bawa ke dalam hati yang murni adalah pekerjaan yang dilakukan tanpa henti sehingga dengan demikian hal ini akan membuat seseorang semakin menyatu dan serupa dengan Kristus melalui doa yang di persembahkan dengan hati yang murni.
The Prospect of Detecting Volcanic Signatures on an ExoEarth Using Direct Imaging
Authors: Ostberg Colby M. , Guzewich Scott D. , Kane Stephen R. , Kohler Erika , Oman Luke D. , Fauchez Thomas J. , Kopparapu Ravi K. , Richardson Jacob , Whelley Patrick
Published: October 2023

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has provided the first opportunity of studying the atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets and estimating their surface conditions. Earth-sized planets around Sun-like stars are currently inaccessible with JWST, however, and will have to be observed using the next generation of telescopes with direct-imaging capabilities. Detecting active volcanism on an Earth-like planet would be particularly valuable as it would provide insight into its interior and provide context for the commonality of the interior states of Earth and Venus. In this work, we used a climate model to simulate four exoEarths over eight years with ongoing large igneous province eruptions with outputs ranging from 1.8 to 60 Gt of sulfur dioxide. The atmospheric data from the simulations were used to model direct-imaging observations between 0.2 and 2.0 μm, producing reflectance spectra for every month of each exoEarth simulation. We calculated the amount of observation time required to detect each of the major absorption features in the spectra, and we identified the most prominent effects that volcanism had on the reflectance spectra. These effects include changes in the size of the O3, O2, and H2O absorption features and changes in the slope of the spectrum. Of these changes, we conclude that the most detectable and least ambiguous evidence of volcanism are changes in both O3 absorption and the slope of the spectrum.
The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended Region (PHATTER). V. The Structure of M33 in Resolved Stellar Populations
Authors: Smercina Adam , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Williams Benjamin F. , Durbin Meredith J. , Lazzarini Margaret , Bell Eric F. , Choi Yumi , Dolphin Andrew , Gilbert Karoline , Guhathakurta Puragra , Koch Eric W. , Quirk Amanda C. N. , Rix Hans-Walter , Rosolowsky Erik , Seth Anil , Skillman Evan , Weisz Daniel R.
Published: October 2023

We present a detailed analysis of the structure of the Local Group flocculent spiral galaxy M33, as measured using the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury Triangulum Extended Region (PHATTER) survey. Leveraging the multiwavelength coverage of PHATTER, we find that the oldest populations are dominated by a smooth exponential disk with two distinct spiral arms and a classical central bar—completely distinct from what is seen in broadband optical imaging, and the first-ever confirmation of a bar in M33. We estimate a bar extent of ∼1 kpc. The two spiral arms are asymmetric in orientation and strength, and likely represent the innermost impact of the recent tidal interaction responsible for M33's warp at larger scales. The flocculent multiarmed morphology for which M33 is known is only visible in the young upper main-sequence population, which closely tracks the morphology of the interstellar medium. We investigate the stability of M33's disk, finding Q ∼ 1 over the majority of the disk. We fit multiple components to the old stellar density distribution and find that, when considering recent stellar kinematics, M33's bulk structure favors the inclusion of an accreted halo component, modeled as a broken power law. The best-fit halo has an outer power-law index of −3 and accurately describes observational evidence of M33's stellar halo from both resolved stellar spectroscopy in the disk and its stellar populations at large radius. Integrating this profile yields a total halo stellar mass of ∼5 × 108
M
⊙, for a stellar halo mass fraction of 16%, most of which resides in the innermost 2.5 kpc.
Defining the biosecurity risk posed by soil found on sea freight
Authors: McNeill Mark R. , Phillips Craig B. , Richards Nicola K. , Aalders Lee T. , van Koten Chikako , James Trevor K. , Young Sandra D. , Bell Nigel L. , Laugraud Aurelie
Published: October 2023

Soil associated with sea freight (shipping containers, flat racks and used machinery) arriving at New Zealand seaports was sampled for bacteria, fungi, nematodes, macro-invertebrates and plant seeds. Pseudomonads were selectively isolated, as several significant plant pathogens fall within this bacterial group. The mean and median sample weight collected from sea freight was found to be 417.3 and 152.7 g, respectively, with most recovered soil (73%) collected from the underside of shipping containers and flat rack containers. Likewise, for used machinery, most recovered soil (75%) was found under the machinery. Flat rack containers had significantly higher soil contamination compared to shipping containers and used machinery, but generally the counts and incidence of taxa were significantly lower compared to these other freight types. Viable bacteria, fungi, nematodes, seeds and arthropods were associated with the soil, with both counts g-1 and prevalence in samples varying with taxa, freight type, and location on the freight. Various regulated biosecurity organisms were recovered from the samples, including Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice white tip nematode), and seeds from genera such as Brachiaria, Cortaderia, Digitaria, Eragrostis and Sonchus. There were also live arthropod taxa that were not recorded as being present in New Zealand. No known plant pathogenic pseudomonads were identified through sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Shipping containers were found to be an important introduction pathway for exotic species, and therefore require careful monitoring and management. Comparisons of the incidence and mean number of organisms associated with soil on sea freight compared to a previous study with soil on footwear, generally showed that incidence and counts of many taxa were lower on sea freight, indicating that biosecurity risk can vary with pathway. However, prioritising one soil pathway over another according to the risks they present, and differentially allocating resources is problematic because the relative risk is dynamic, dictated by factors such as new pests or diseases entering the respective pathways.
Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the Japanese mud shrimp Upogebia major (Crustacea, Decapoda, Upogebiidae): Natural or anthropogenic dispersal?
Authors: Kitabatake Kyosuke , Izumi Kentaro , Kondo Natsuko I. , Okoshi Kenji
Published: October 2023

Upogebia major (De Haan, 1841) is known for forming huge burrows in sandy, intertidal areas that can extend to depths of over 2 m. Despite its widespread distribution in East Asia and Russia, the genetic relatedness of its regional populations remains uncertain, likely owing to difficulties in specimen collection. Therefore, to appraise the phylogeographic patterns, genetic diversity, and morphological variety of U. major, the mitochondrial DNA of specimens collected from Japan, Korea and China were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses of COI genes, alongside morphological assessment. As a result, we discovered four principal groups; of these, Group 1 consisted predominantly of Japanese specimens, while Groups 3 and 4 were interpreted as having originated from the continent. Group 2 exhibited genetic segregation from both continental and Japanese descent. Group 1 mostly comprising Japanese specimens implies that the planktonic larvae of U. major were disseminated north and south by ocean currents encompassing the Japanese archipelago. In contrast, individuals probably originating from the continent were discovered in Lake Notoro, Hokkaido and Matsukawa-ura, Fukushima in northeastern Japan, indicating possible introduction from the continent through ocean currents or unintentional introduction with other organisms imported. Additionally, one of the specimens collected from Matsukawa-ura exhibited significant genetic and morphological differences from other specimens, suggesting the possibility of being a subspecies. The outcomes of this study not only offer valuable insights into the origins of distribution of U. major but also introduce a novel challenge of assessing the coexistence of two routes: natural and anthropogenic dispersion.
Les frontières de la France : une situation géopolitique singulière
Authors: Cazanave Gilles
Published: October 2023

La France dans ses frontières se caractérise par sa complexité et sa multiplicité. Frontières d’abord historiques, elles se sont densifiées aussi bien sur le plan maritime qu’aérien, mais aussi spatial. À ce jour, elles représentent un atout, mais également un défi géopolitique d’envergure, confrontées aux puissances émergentes. Le rôle et la place de la France dans le monde demeurent ainsi aujourd’hui plus que jamais déterminants.
La Manche, une frontière revivifiée
Authors: Thillier Jean-Michel
Published: October 2023

Le 1 er janvier 2021, soit quatre ans et demi après le référendum en faveur du Brexit, le Royaume-Uni est sorti de l’union douanière, et donc de la libre-circulation des marchandises, entraînant un rétablissement des formalités douanières. L’impact est particulièrement fort pour la France, du fait de la volumétrie des échanges sur la façade Manche – mer du Nord (30 millions de voyageurs et 4,2 millions de poids lourds), de la fréquence des rotations (50 rotations de ferries par jour à Calais), des temps de traversée très brefs. Cela a conduit à mettre en place des procédures d’identification des moyens de transport, de traitement de déclarations en douane sur les marchandises transportées, et la construction d’infrastructures de contrôle sur des sites qui avaient été conçus dans un contexte de libre-circulation. La douane a relevé le défi du rétablissement d’une frontière et de contrôles tout en maintenant la fluidité des échanges.
Saint-Martin, la frontière impossible ?
Authors: Berton Vincent
Published: October 2023

La binationalité de Saint-Martin est le résultat d’une histoire singulière et méconnue depuis la découverte de l’île par Christophe Collomb en 1493. L’absence de frontière physique de fait entre les deux parties de l’île est le fruit d’une construction très pragmatique de la souveraineté entre la France et les Pays-Bas mais également le reflet d’une certaine sous-administration de l’île. Le traité de Concordia en 1648 qui institue le principe de libre circulation des biens et des personnes a ainsi une valeur emblématique fortement ancrée dans l’identité saint-martinoise. En signant en mai 2023 un accord de frontière à Saint-Martin, qui met un terme à plusieurs années de contentieux, la France et les Pays-Bas créent les conditions d’une relance de leur coopération dans cette région du nord de la Caraïbe au cœur de multiples trafics.
Frontières et flux migratoires à Mayotte : un défi pour le 101 e département et l’État
Authors: Suquet Thierry
Published: October 2023

Avec plus de 25 000 reconduites d’étrangers en situation irrégulière en 2022, le département de Mayotte engendre un flux sans commune mesure avec les cent autres départements français qui en fait probablement un cas à part dans la gestion des flux migratoires et de la frontière. Dans les faits, le choix de la population mahoraise dans les années 1970 que Mayotte reste française, s’il s’inscrit dans une logique historique face à une unité politique des Comores qui n’existe pas, crée pourtant une rupture dans une unité géographique, culturelle, religieuse et ethnique qui impliquait une libre circulation des personnes. La frontière entre Mayotte et les Comores, création récente et unilatérale, ainsi que l’obligation de visa pour entrer à Mayotte, sont la traduction juridique de ce choix qui a fait de Mayotte une potentielle porte d’entrée de la France et de l’Europe dans le contexte migratoire du XXI e siècle. La pression migratoire intense pèse sur l’ensemble de la société mahoraise et impose à l’État de mettre en œuvre une démarche globale pour lutter contre cette immigration et ses conséquences sur la vie quotidienne des habitants de l’île.
Transformation, enjeux et perspectives d’évolution de la douane française
Authors: Braun-Lemaire Isabelle
Published: October 2023

Depuis sa création en 1791, la douane est l’administration qui tient les frontières et contrôle les marchandises, pour protéger le territoire, la population, l’environnement, et pour contribuer à la compétitivité de l’économie française. Cette fonction régalienne est en constante évolution. Elle accompagne depuis plusieurs années le développement du commerce international, en traitant et en analysant rapidement les données logistiques et douanières pour faciliter la circulation des marchandises licites et intercepter les marchandises illicites. Elle fait preuve d’agilité et d’efficacité en s’adaptant à des crises conjoncturelles (crise sanitaire et approvisionnement du pays en masques conformes, guerre en Ukraine en mettant en œuvre les embargos et sanctions), et conduit plusieurs projets d’innovation particulièrement ambitieux, mettre la technologie et le numérique au service des métiers, en apportant simplification et gains d’efficacité.
Coopération ou compétition technologiques : nouvelles frontières ou nouvelle mondialisation ?
Authors: Fried Tsiporah
Published: October 2023

L’accélération des technologies, notamment dites « émergentes », contribue à une évolution radicale des enjeux géopolitiques, stratégiques, économiques et sociaux. La question du rapport paradoxal des frontières et des technologies se fait plus aigüe chaque jour : les États-Unis et la Chine se livrent à une compétition féroce pour garder de l’avance technologique ; de son côté, l’Europe consolide un arsenal juridique des technologies digitales, au détriment parfois de leur exploration et développement. La France fête les dix ans de son label French Tech qui incarne, davantage qu’une politique publique, un véritable écosystème dynamique de start-ups, ancré dans une ambition forte de réindustrialisation. La technologie qui, un temps, avait aboli les frontières, conduit-elle désormais à des politiques protectionnistes et au retour de ces mêmes frontières sous une forme virtuelle ? Ou l’ambition de souveraineté dans une mondialisation digitale est-elle déjà obsolète ?
Une France mondiale et maritime
Authors: Folliot Philippe
Published: October 2023

L’ouvrage France-sur-Mer : un incroyable gâchis , revient sur le fossé entre les « paroles » et les « actes », entre la proclamation d’une souveraineté purement théorique et l’état dans lequel nous laissons nos territoires ultramarins. En effet, treize ans après la description de cet «  empire oublié  » qu’est la France-sur-Mer , le constat n’a pas changé. Pire, les mots et les concepts tels que la « puissance d’équilibre », « l’Indopacifique », ou la dimension maritime de la France sont galvaudés, souvent sans être suivis d’effets.
Fiscalité et télétravail : l’exemple du Luxembourg
Authors: Effa Étienne
Published: October 2023

Le travail frontalier est vital pour l’économie du Luxembourg et il se développe rapidement. Cette forme d’activité concerne 44 % des actifs du Grand-Duché et la France fournit près du quart de la main d’œuvre de ce pays. Le télétravail est, pour le Luxembourg et ses entreprises, une des solutions pour continuer à attirer les travailleurs frontaliers. Pour la France, il permet de récupérer une partie de la fiscalité sur les revenus des travailleurs frontaliers, ce qui est légitime puisque ces derniers bénéficient des services publics français. Le télétravail est également une réponse aux défis environnementaux et en matière d’infrastructures de transports que pose la circulation des travailleurs frontaliers. Les règles actuelles de la fiscalité des revenus, en obligeant les entreprises et les salariés à gérer les régimes fiscaux des deux pays, sont un frein à l’extension du télétravail. Cependant, des évolutions récentes, législatives et conventionnelles, tentent de lever ces obstacles.
Israël, Territoires palestiniens : quels scénarios géopolitiques possibles ?
Authors: Dumont Gérard-François
Published: October 2023

Avec onze guerres israélo-arabes depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale – sans oublier les multiples conflits du passé dont ceux explicatifs de la situation présente – le Proche-Orient est une terre très conflictuelle, les périodes de paix n’apparaissant que comme des parenthèses entre des épisodes de violences meurtrières. Tout se passe comme si la guerre était une fatalité inhérente à cette région et donc inarrêtable. Mais y aurait-il des scénarios géopolitiques alternatifs à cette fatalité ? Dans le contexte des paramètres géopolitiques de cette région qui seront d’abord analysés, que peut devenir le scénario d’une partition en deux États promus par l’ONU ? Y a-t-il un scénario alternatif ?
La vie chrétienne en Syrie. V e - VII e siècle
Authors: Marzin Élisée
Published: October 2023

Le christianisme a gagné en importance malgré le fait de ne pas être la religion officielle de l’État. Le culte païen a persisté, nécessitant une gestion attentive. En 529, le décret de Justinien a rendu le paganisme illégal, restreignant la liberté de conscience. La structure ecclésiastique a généralement suivi le principe d’un seul évêque par cité, mais elle a rencontré des défis et des exceptions. Dans les régions chrétiennes bien établies, un réseau ecclésiastique dense assurait l’organisation et le soin pastoral. Une communauté chrétienne confessante existait déjà avant l’époque constantinienne, avec le monachisme comme prolongement du christianisme primitif. Des résidents ordinaires faisaient partie de la communauté laïque, et les nouveaux convertis montraient des niveaux de ferveur divers. De nombreux convertis du paganisme conservaient d’anciens rituels en raison des différences culturelles avec le monde biblique, les amenant à s’engager dans diverses formes de religion populaire.
Exploring the challenges and opportunities of image processing and sensor fusion in autonomous vehicles: A comprehensive review
Authors: Nahata Deven , Othman Kareem
Published: October 2023

Autonomous vehicles are at the forefront of future transportation solutions, but their success hinges on reliable perception. This review paper surveys image processing and sensor fusion techniques vital for ensuring vehicle safety and efficiency. The paper focuses on object detection, recognition, tracking, and scene comprehension via computer vision and machine learning methodologies. In addition, the paper explores challenges within the field, such as robustness in adverse weather conditions, the demand for real-time processing, and the integration of complex sensor data. Furthermore, we examine localization techniques specific to autonomous vehicles. The results show that while substantial progress has been made in each subfield, there are persistent limitations. These include a shortage of comprehensive large-scale testing, the absence of diverse and robust datasets, and occasional inaccuracies in certain studies. These issues impede the seamless deployment of this technology in real-world scenarios. This comprehensive literature review contributes to a deeper understanding of the current state and future directions of image processing and sensor fusion in autonomous vehicles, aiding researchers and practitioners in advancing the development of reliable autonomous driving systems.
Accelerated preconditioning Krasnosel'skiĭ-Mann method for efficiently solving monotone inclusion problems
Authors: Artsawang Natthaphon
Published: October 2023

In this article, we propose a strongly convergent preconditioning method for finding a zero of the sum of two monotone operators. The proposed method combines a preconditioning approach with the robustness of the Krasnosel'skiĭ-Mann method. We show the strong convergence result of the sequence generated by the proposed method to a solution of the monotone inclusion problem. Finally, we provide numerical experiments on the convex minimization problem.
The Barrens Flora of Wisconsin’s Northwest Sands Ecological Landscape
Authors: Anderson Derek S. , Hlina Paul S. , Haug Richard W.
Published: October 2023

The barrens of Wisconsin’s Northwest Sands Ecological Landscape are a dynamic mosaic shifting between dry forests and woodlands to open, prairie-like communities depending on the frequency of disturbance. We examined the floristics of eight sites within the barrens that were selected to represent the full latitudinal gradient of the ecological landscape. In the course of this study, we collected 2,213 voucher specimens representing 71 plant families, 217 genera, and 404 taxa. We compared the sites to one another using floristic quality assessments, the Sørensen–Dice similarity index, and various qualitative comparisons. The barrens flora becomes less diverse as you move from the southwest to the northeast. Prairie species are more common and dominant in the southwestern sites, and northern dry forest species are more common and dominant in the northeastern sites.
Les mots de la narration histoire, récit, narration
Authors: Lecolle Michelle
Published: October 2023

Cet article propose une cartographie sémantique des noms histoire, récit, narration, du point de vue de leurs réseaux de signification, de leurs relations sémantiques (synonymie, hyperonymie) et de leur polysémie, en s’appuyant sur des dictionnaires généraux et un dictionnaire de synonymes ; on se centre sur histoire, qui apparaît a priori moins spécialisé que les deux autres et plus polyvalent. En effet, tandis que les noms déverbaux récit et narration restent spécialisés dans le procès de relater, histoire étend son champ d’application au-delà, que ce soit du point de vue grammatical, phraséologique, ou sémantique.
Evaluating the impact of public policies on large firms: A synthetic control approach to science-industry transfer policies
Authors: Autant-Bernard Corinne , Fotso Ruben , Massard Nadine
Published: October 2023

In most countries, large companies receive the majority of public research and development (R&D) funding. Due to methodological difficulties, however, assessments on the effect of government-funded R&D programs mainly focus on small- and medium-sized enterprises. To evaluate the impact of a specific innovation policy on large companies, this article suggests using the synthetic control method (SCM), initially developed by Abadie et al. (2010). This method is applied to evaluate the impact of a recent French science-industry transfer initiative, inspired by other foreign policy tools, and to demonstrate the relevance of the SCM compared to other evaluation methods for large companies. The SCM has the advantage of providing an individual assessment of the impact of a policy on each company, revealing highly heterogeneous results both on R&D inputs and companies’ cooperative behavior. This study shows that the SCM offers new perspectives for assessing the impact of policies at company level.JEL classification: C23, D22, O36, O38.
Environmental policy and the direction of innovation towards products or processes: Insights from text mining techniques applied to wind power patents
Authors: Baudry Marc , Dumont Béatrice , Lignau Valentin
Published: October 2023

In the framework of the European Green Deal, which aims to steer research and innovation toward climate neutrality, this article studies the extent to which different types of policies (direct and/or indirect) supporting renewable sources of energy can guide research and development (R&D) efforts toward process or product innovations. To this end, it proposes a new method for automatically analyzing whether a patent is a product or a process. More precisely, it proposes a semantic analysis of patent documents that generates a continuous measure of the patent’s relative position between product and process. This allows several limitations of the economic literature to be overcome, and provides insights into the mechanisms at work, notably how the use of these new techniques can help optimize environmental policies. This methodology is applied to the wind power industry, emphasizing the non-neutrality of renewable support policies in driving innovation.JEL classification: O31, C81, C89.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Additive for Elastomeric Polymer from Oligoisoprene Modified Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Sukhawipat Nathapong , Saengdee Laksana , Sosa Narongrit , Khemthong Pongtanawat , Wittayakun Jatuporn , Pasetto Pamela
Published: October 2023

This manuscript presents a novel instant additive for elastomeric polymers, specifically focusing on the modification of synthesized mesoporous silica using carbonyl telechelic natural rubber (CTNR). The surface of mesoporous silica particles was modified using a two-step approach. In the first step, a strategy involving the grafting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) onto the silica particles was employed. Subsequently, in the second step, a Schiff's base reaction was carried out between the aldehyde functional group of CTNR and the amines on the modified silica surface. The grafting percentage achieved through this process was determined to be 4.70%. This novel instant additive has the potential to enhance the properties and performance of elastomeric polymers by leveraging the unique characteristics of CTNR and the mesoporous silica surface. Further investigations and applications of this additive can contribute to advancements in the field of elastomeric polymer materials.
Mechanical and Sound Absorption of Rice Straw Fiber Reinforced Bio-Epoxy Composites for Lightweight Components in Rail Vehicles
Authors: Kitisatorn Wanlop
Published: October 2023

The study explores the possibility of using rice straw fiber reinforced bio-epoxy composites as lightweight components for rail vehicles, which is in line with the current sustainability demands in transportation. The analysis covers various mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus and impact strength. Furthermore, the study focuses on testing the sound absorption coefficient of the composites, examining their ability to absorb sound energy across frequencies crucial for rail environments. The investigation also explores the effect of NaOH treatment on fiber-matrix compatibility, highlighting the ideal treatment parameters to prevent any unintended structural modifications. Despite having lower tensile strengths than neat epoxy, the composites display improved mechanical behavior and sound absorption properties. The study highlights the potential of these composites to contribute to sustainable rail solutions, promoting both performance and eco-conscious design. With their superior mechanical properties and sound absorption, these composites could lead to a shift in material preferences in the rail industry, paving the way for a sustainable paradigm in rail vehicle design.
Computer Vision-Based Algorithms for Recognition of Construction and Demolition Waste Materials
Authors: Zbíral Tomáš , Nežerka Václav
Published: October 2023

The construction industry generates a significant amount of waste, posing challenges for efficient waste management and resource recovery. This paper presents a preliminary study on the use of lightweight computer vision (CV) algorithms for the automatic recognition of construction and demolition waste (CDW) materials. Utilizing image datasets acquired by drones, the study aims to develop strategies for distinguishing between individual CDW materials based on the mean intensity gradient, brightness, and relative representation of color channels. Results indicate that the proposed method can effectively recognize crucial CDW materials, paving the way for potential applications in industry and geodesy. Further research is needed to test additional materials and metrics to refine the method for practical implementation.
A Comparative Study of Active, Passive, and Hybrid Thermal Management Systems for Li-Ion Batteries: Performance Analysis
Authors: Mahek Mehwish Khan , Alkhedher Mohammad , Ramadan Mohamad , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali , Olabi Abdul Ghani
Published: October 2023

Li-ion batteries (LIB) are one of the most prevalent kinds of batteries used in electronic devices to store electrical energy due to their steady voltage, high energy density, and excellent cycle performance. However, its quick charging and discharging cycle generates a lot of heat which may reduce battery capacity and destroy the electrode material's nanostructure and crystal structure. As a result, a scientific and efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) is crucial. In this paper, we suggested a BTMS for a 9-cell battery pack with cell spacing of 9mm. Air-cooled and PCM-based systems were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 and compared against a bare-cell battery pack where a temperature drop of 3.53 K and 5.04 K was observed respectively after incorporating the cooling system. In our final study, we simulated a hybrid BTMS that used both forced air cooling and PCM and compared it to a scenario where air cooling was the only type of cooling used by the system. This produced interesting results as the temperature in the hybrid system increased by 1.48 K. Therefore, in order for the hybrid system to benefit from both cooling systems, an in-depth evaluation of the fan's air flow properties, as well as the PCM thickness and material, must take place. The thickness and material must be such that the air cooling provided by the flow control mechanism reaches the actual electrochemical cell.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method for Biotechnology Applications
Authors: Thonglor Panakamon , Albutt Darren
Published: October 2023

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings are developed for magnetite nanoparticles (NPs). The magnetic properties of superparamagnetic type, magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles are suitable for biosensing applications. Magnetic NPs were prepared by Co-precipitation method and oven dried. Using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), nanoparticles size and composition were found, including the presence of Fe3O4 peak. The magnetic properties are influenced by electron environments of the Fe3+ ions within the iron oxide structure. The magnetic properties were measured by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), thus, the results of Fe3O4 NPs exhibited a high magnetic saturation (Ms) of 61.31 emu/g. In the case of PEG coated MNPs, confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), a reduced Ms of 40.00 emu/g, which decreased further following surface modification with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (NH2) to 36.77 emu/g. The resulting size range of NPs of pure Fe3O4 NPs was 5-50 nm. In comparison, the PEG coated NPs were larger, 10-100 nm. In the part of protein binding and separation from solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) where investigated. This process will be beneficial to developing low cost sensors for biomolecules and biotechnologies in the future.
Galvanic Formation of the Triple Composition Coatings with Improved Functional Properties
Authors: Hapon Yuliana , Tregubov Dmytro , Slepuzhnikov Yevhen , Kharlamov Mykhailo
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the pulse electrolysis energy parameters effect on the current efficiency, phase composition and morphology of the cobalt with refractory metals – tungsten and molybdenum galvanic alloys surface. Synthesized coatings corrosion resistance and synthesized coatings catalytic activity testing results in various acidity media are presented. The obtained experimental data for the various composition alloy Co-Mo-W are compared with respective indicators for individual metals. The synergy effect presence due to the alloying elements mutual influence is experimentally established.
The Effectiveness of Alternate-day Cinacalcet Therapy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Noncompliant Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Al-Homrany Mohammed , Saeed Muhammad , Ali Furqan , Al-Ghamdi Saeed , Mousa Dujanah , Ali Alharbi
Published: October 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as an abnormality of the kidney's structure or function that is present for more than 3 months. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a consequence of CKD, which eventuates with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alternate-day cinacalcet in noncompliant dialysis patients compared with a daily dose. The effects on the levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, and phosphorus were measured, and the compliance of patients with our protocol was observed. We followed the patients’ (n = 134) iPTH levels every 3 months and their serum calcium and phosphorous monthly for 6 months and compared the results with 6 months of data from patients receiving daily doses of cinacalcet. The patients’ mean age was 49.54 ± 16.17 years, the mean duration of dialysis was 6.44 ± 5.10 years, and 37.3% had diabetic nephropathy. The mean dose of alternate-day cinacalcet was 61.92 ± 26.59 mg. The level of iPTH before and after the change was 924.63 ± 474.132 pg/mL and 787.87 ± 496.49 pg/mL, respectively (P = 0.001), and the mean serum calcium level before and after was 8.56 ± 1.91 mg/dL and 8.85 ± 1.25 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.035). The level of serum phosphorous before and after the change was 4.81 ± 1.32 mg/dL and 5.08 ± 2.3 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.204). Cinacalcet produced significant reductions in iPTH with intermittent (three times per week) doses and thus was more cost-effective and had better compliance.
South Asian dairy smallholders: A scoping review of practices and zoonoses
Authors: Schembri Emily , Campbell Angus J D , Villanueva-Cabezas Juan Pablo
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To identify and discuss on-farm management practices linked to bacterial zoonosis risk in smallholder dairy farmers in South Asia.

Methods:

This scoping review was conducted as per the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five hundred and two publications were retrieved from five online databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Studies were selected if they discussed a farm management practice which impacted human health within a South Asian country.

Results:

Twenty-two studies were included. Seven management practices relevant to farmers, livestock and their shared environment were identified including raw milk consumption, farm hygiene management, personal protective equipment uses, animal vaccination, cleaning udders, hand washing and disposal of afterbirth materials. Preventive practices were found to be utilized at lower frequencies compared to risk increasing practices. Awareness of bacterial zoonoses is particularly low within the region

Conclusions:

Based on the results of this review, it was determined that improving farmer awareness of bacterial zoonotic diseases may favor several of the presented leverage points within the South Asian smallholder dairy system. Relying on formal school education to improve this awareness may not solve this problem, instead, more focus on accessible and affordable zoonoses education and farming programs is required.
Enrichment of hydroalcoholic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed with major components using TLC fingerprint, image analysis, and design of experiment studies
Authors: Dahiya Jyoti , Mangal Anupam K. , Bolleddu Rajesh , Dutta Sreya , Kharwar Surbhi , Hazra Kalyan , Prasad Peyyala Venkata Vara
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The seed of famous Indian spice Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Methi) of family Fabaceae is the source of a large number of chemical components and used in a number of herbal formulations as an extract. For the separation of these chemical components from the complex plant matrix, the development of an effective extraction method is necessary. The present study aimed to identify major chemical constituents in the fingerprint developed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and to design an optimized extraction process for the enrichment of Methi seed extract with the selected constituents.

METHODS:

TLC fingerprint along with the image analysis was used to find the major components depending upon the area under the curve. The independent variables and their range were identified by one-factor-at-a-time experiments. The selected range of variables was further optimized by response surface methodology using the design of experiment (DoE) study to develop an extraction method for the maximum recovery of the selected components. The analysis of variance was utilized to check the fit of the developed model on the basis of quality assessment parameters.

RESULTS:

The information generated in this study recommends the use of reflux method with 70.57 mL/g of 80% ethanol for 31.19 min at 69.76°C for the maximum extraction of major components from seeds.

CONCLUSION:

The developed extraction method can be used for lab scale extractions in plant drug standardization and scale-up extractions in herbal industries for the manufacturing of Methi seed formulations.
Comparative physicochemical analysis of Jalakumbhikshara prepared with water and cow urine
Authors: Patel Amisha P. , Bedarkar Prashant , Thakar Anup B.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Kshara preparation is one of the prominent and widely practiced dosage forms of Ayurveda specifically indicated for the management of Kaphaja Galaganda (goiter). Varied descriptions regarding method of preparation and type of Kshara are mentioned in classics. Sushruta Samhita mentions the use of either water or cow urine as the solvent. No pharmaceutico-analytical study has been documented on Jalakumbhikshara till date. The aim of this study was to prepare Jalakumbhikshara with water (JKW) and cow’s urine (JKC) and to evaluate their analytical profile by physicochemical analysis, chromatographic pattern, and spectral method (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

JKW and JKC were prepared by addition of six times of media (water or cow urine) to the ash of dried whole plant of Jalakumbhi followed by decantation and heating to dryness, which in turn is followed by analysis through physicochemical, sensory, spectral, and chromatographic methods.

RESULTS:

JKW and JKC were differentiable on the basis of color, taste, and smell. Physicochemical analysis of JKW and JKC reveals significant difference in ash value and water-soluble ash, whereas it shows insignificant difference in water-soluble extractives and acid-insoluble ash, respectively. Jalakumbhi Kshara prepared by water and cow urine predominantly contains 44.31%, 21.3% and 43.3%, 19.41% of potassium and chloride, respectively, with trace elements such as Na, Br, I, Cu, Mg, Ph, and Fe. Both the types of Kshara contain organic moieties, with comparatively 15.21% more organic content in Jalakumbhi Kshara prepared with cow’s urine.

CONCLUSION:

Change of extraction media for preparation of Jalakumbhi Kshara from water to cow urine alters organoleptic and physicochemical attributes of Kshara. Jalakumbhi Kshara prepared with water and cow’s urine has predominance of K and Cl ions. Cow’s urine is a better medium for extraction of inorganic alkaline earth elements in the preparation of Jalakumbhi Kshara than that of water.