bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuestionario sobre la reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: - -
Published: July 2018

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Lithuanian theatre criticism in Soviet period: freedom and captivity of discourses
Authors: Vasinauskaitė Rasa
Published: July 2018

The article analyses the attitude of Lithuanian theatre criticism in the Soviet period. The discourse theory (Foucault) and critical discourse analysis method (Van Dijk) are used to find out how the official ideological and political discourse affected the language and aesthetical doctrine of theatre criticism. It is shown that the history of the Lithuanian theatre after 1945 was written according to the Soviet theatre history. Critics in their articles used party directives and tried to emphasize the social realistic aesthetics of the theatrical performances. Comparing the volumes (published in 1979 and 1987) of academic Lithuanian theatre history shows that the similarity of their language is paradoxical, even thoughthese texts are written in different periods. One of the most interesting example is “Herkus Mantas” (1957) by playwright Juozas Grušas and director Henrikas Vancevičius, the first performance of Khrushchev Thaw period on the Lithuanian stage, which was analyzed using double significance: as a heroic, epic, monumental, romantic and poetic national tragedy and as a social, atheistic, people tragedy based on Marxist position. “Herkus Mantas” was the first historical tragedy after the forced social realism and Stalinist Non-conflict Theory in 1945–1956, but critics even in the 8th and 9th decades still compared the performance with the Soviet heroic revolutionary plays. Criticism saw the peculiarity and importance of “Herkus Mantas” but it was judged by the rhetoric of ideologically legitimate discourse, emphasizing the aesthetics of the performance with the official doctrine. This example shows that the discourse of criticism was dependent on ideology, but it was free to manipulate the language and form of ideological discourse. This manipulation, or mimicry of the Lithuanian theatre critics in early and late Soviet times makes criticism an unreliable source of historical research, but it also shows an empty form of the official discourse itself in which new (and random) content could have appeared. This new content could have been given by choosing the “reading code”.
Aesthetics of experience: public space as an inner city (Rimini Protocoll’s “Remote Vilnius”)
Authors: Klusaitė Lina
Published: July 2018

Invoking Rimini Protocoll’s theatrical performance “Remote Vilnius” in this article the phenomenological experience aesthetics is analyzed, which creates preconditions for the experience of public urban spaces. Phenomenological experience is interpreted on the basis of Charles Baudelaire’s and Walter Benjamin’s flâneur concept and the nomad concepts of Gilles Deleuz and Felix Guattari. The flâneur definition is used to describe the sovereignty of the participants based on anonymity and bodily participation, and the definition of the nomad is related to the identity of the viewer demolishing individual experiences and such an internal desubjectification, in which a new form of self-perception/discovery is possible. It is argued that the insights of the abovementioned authors may be correlated with the phenomenological return to the objects themselves.
Los cuerpos como cartografía de resistencias: análisis interseccional de Sense8
Authors: Aguado-Peláez Delicia
Published: July 2018

El presente texto se adentra en la construcción de subjetividades no heteronormativas en los productos culturales televisivos tomando como referencia la serie Sense8 (Netflix, 2015-), una producción de las hermanas Wachowski y Joseph Michael Straczynski. Así, desde los Estudios Culturales y de Género, y haciendo uso del análisis de contenido cualitativo, se estudia la representación de los protagonistas del colectivo LGTBI a través de la teoría de la interseccionalidad. Un enfoque que permite estudiar las identidades de forma entrecruzada atendiendo a diferentes ejes de dominación y prestando especial atención a las relaciones de poder. En líneas generales, se puede afirmar que este serial rompe con las normatividades impuestas por el sistema sexo-género al introducir unos personajes complejos desde realidades alternativas representándolos con gran capacidad de agencia y, con ello, de empoderamiento.
Resistencias estratégicas a la feminidad masculina en aplicaciones móviles (app) de contacto homosexual entre varones: “las plumas a otro lado”
Authors: Gómez Beltrán Iván
Published: July 2018

A lo largo del texto se tratarán de explorar los mecanismos que son desplegados en la (re)producción del alineamiento normativo de género/sexo/sexualidad en el que se sanciona una determinada ficción del “deber ser”. Es fundamental desvelar el funcionamiento de la gramática de género que opera en la configuración de la masculinidad y del rechazo de la feminidad en estos espacios virtuales. Utilizando la información presente en los perfiles individuales, se podrá profundizar en la construcción de la masculinidad en varones homosexuales así como en la demarcación de la feminidad y del espacio público/ político como una tensión constante pero fundamental en la configuración identitaria. En este sentido se mencionarán algunas de las estrategias de resistencia –como adaptaciones- a la fluidez contemporánea de lo masculino, es decir, dispositivos que se articulan en torno a la percepción de “emasculación” provocada por la producción de un sujeto feminizado.
Reventando cadenas: postpornografía, performance y feminismo en la obra de Nadia Granados
Authors: Milano Laura
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo busca indagar en la producción postpornográfica de la artista colombiana Nadia Granados quien a través de su personaje de La Fulminante, explora (y explota) la representación de la mujer latina sexualmente provocativa con la finalidad de generar intervenciones artísticas libertarias en el espacio público. Sus performances son críticas potentes acerca de los roles de género normativos, y también acerca de las violencias contra los cuerpos femenizados. Al mismo tiempo, su obra nos permite pensar en la posibilidad de recuperar la autonomía de los cuerpos femenizados a través del placer y la sexualidad. Los aportes teóricos de los que me serviré para analizar la obra de esta artista colombiana son los estudios de la performance y el feminismo decolonial. Por último, creo que es importante inscribir la obra de Granados como parte de la historia del arte feminista, donde la performance han sido muy explorada por mujeres artistas para visibilizar no sólo las violencias que atraviesan nuestros cuerpos, sino también la posibilidad de fugas y resistencia en términos de género y sexualidades.
La RSC como factor de reputación en los clubes de fútbol profesionales
Authors: Olabe Sánchez Fernando
Published: July 2018

Today, professional football clubs involved in Europe’s top leagues leverage the emotional capital that is generated around the history of the entity and the emotions and feelings that cause their star players to settle on this basis both the strategy business and corporate reputation. This article focuses on a critical research through the literature review of the matter, on the implication that it has acquired Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the management of these entities and how it has incorporated the business assets of institutions no longer behave just like sports organizations but as international brands. That football has become a spectator sport rather than just a sporting event is directly linked to the participation of different organizations, institutions and entities, related and unrelated to sport, each of the clubs, depending on their interests and of their particular objectives, which in the end is also in the visibility of the sport organization. Along these lines, these professional sports organizations are covered as well as companies themselves and, subject to business models in which corporate behavior has consequences on the environment in which they operate and with target audiences to which they relate, for so their behavior must also be socially responsible business.
La estrategia europea de RSE 2011-2014: Análisis del punto de partida para un plan de acción de RSE en España
Authors: Granda Germán
Published: July 2018

On October 25th, 2011 the European Commission published the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions entitled “Renewed EU strategy on corporate social responsibility for 2011-2014”. In addition to a new definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR), this strategy established thirteen commitments by the European Commission, a legislative proposal for the reporting of CSR and five invitations to governments and other stakeholders to become involved in the strategy. In the period 2008-2011, the Sustainable Economy Law (LES in Spanish) and the creation of the CSR State Board (CERSE in Spanish) have represented significant Spanish efforts to develop policies and actions related to CSR. The new European strategy offers Spain a clear opportunity to establish its first national CSR strategy in coordination with European efforts. The time has come to review previous policies and decide if there are areas in which Spain can still attain some leadership. Furthermore, through its conception of combining effciency, innovation and competitiveness, CSR may become a significant factor in overcoming the current economic crisis, as noted by the European strategy.
La comunicación en el marco de la Responsabilidad Social. Bases para una definición de Comunicación Responsable
Authors: de Andrés del Campo Susana , González Martín Rodrigo
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this work is to provide a general approach to the idea of responsible communication, a conceptual investigation of the relationship between the meanings of responsibility and communication. Starting from an analysis of the references included in the Green Paper and the White Paper, two framework documents for the promotion of CSR, we extract and analyse the two main conditions for Responsible Communication: transparency and dialogue. Based on these conceptual pillars, the article develops a theoretical construct for the definition of Responsible Communication and, from this reflection, raises several reorientations that this definition implies for the use of communication tools within organisations. Based on a categorical approach, the aim is to offer a reflection which clarifies and looks deeper into Responsible Communication as a crucial axis of the commitments and values assumed by businesses and corporations in their complex relationship with those subjects with whom they interact in the development and management of their activity. We provide the primary conceptual basis to discuss Responsible Communication with the utmost rigor, beyond market trends, crises or other imperatives conditioned by the different models employed. The article concludes by proposing a theoretical and maximalist definition of Responsible Communication and breaking down the aspects that this definition would imply.
Nuevas prácticas de comunicación y gestión de la información sobre el cliente: Un estudio empírico en los hoteles Croatas
Authors: Šerić Maja , Gil Saura Irene , Mollà Descals Alejandro
Published: July 2018

Changes produced in the market have caused changes in the practice of marketing and communication management, as one single marketing communication tool could not achieve marketing communication purposes by itself. Consequently, the literature suggests a need to develop more effcient communication disciplines, which is why the Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) approach appeared at the beginning of the 1990s. On the other hand, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the most significant driving forces of this approach, as it centers on consumer orientation and creation of databases, the basic characteristics of IMC. In addition, as customer information management exerts a key role in the planning, implementation, and control of marketing communication programs, it is becoming both necessary and inevitable practice. Therefore, this work intends to examine in greater detail the IMC, ICT, and customer information management in the tourism sector, specifically in four- and five-star hotels in Croatia. Thereby, the empirical study was carried out in Croatian hotels, aiming to investigate the application of ICT, the development of IMC, and information intensity. Descriptive analysis, derived from the information generated by hotels, shows a high level of ICT and IMC implementation and a more moderate degree of information intensity about customers.
Impacto do tipo de parto sobre a mobilidade Toracoabdominal de recém-nascidos
Authors: Gomes Valéria Lidyanne Silva , Farias Pedro Henrique Silva de , Nagem Danilo Alves Pinto , Gomes Danielle Cristina , Silva Glauco Francisco De Araújo , Moran Cristiane Aparecida , Ribeiro Simone Nascimento Santos , Pereira Silvana Alves
Published: July 2018

Introdução: Nos recém-nascidos de parto cesáreo, ocorre menor compressão torácica e pouca quantidade de líquido é drenada por ação da gravidade, o que diminui, transitoriamente, a mobilidade toracoabdominal. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o impacto do tipo de parto na mobilidade torácica e abdominal em recém-nascidos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com recém-nascidos de idade gestacional entre 37 a 41 semanas, de ambos os sexos, com até 72 horas de vida, respirando em ar ambiente e nascidos de parto normal ou parto cesáreo. A mobilidade torácica e abdominal foram avaliadas pela videogrametria por meio do Software MATLAB e considerada, em unidades métricas (cm2), como a diferença da maior e menor expansibilidade toracoabdominal para cada ciclo respiratório.Resultados: Foram inclusos 26 recém-nascidos 11 do sexo masculino e 50% nascidos de parto cesáreo. A idade gestacional média foi de 39 ± 0,9 sem e tinham 28 ± 18 horas de vida. A mobilidade, diferença entre a maior e menor expansibilidade, da área torácica no parto vaginal e cesáreo foi 6 ± 3 cm2 e 7 ± 5 cm2 e da área abdominal foi de 29±22 cm2 e 21± 14 cm2, respectivamente. Esta diferença não foi estatisticamente significante entre os dois tipos de parto para a área torácica, mas mostrou-se diferente estatisticamente para a área abdominal (p = 0,01). E para os recém-nascidos de parto cesáreo, quanto maior a frequência respiratória, menor a mobilidade abdominal (r= -0,57; p = 0,02). Conclusão: Os dados indicam que o tipo de parto parece influenciar a mobilidade abdominal e a frequência respiratória. Na amostra estudada os recém-nascidos de parto cesáreo apresentaram menor mobilidade abdominal.
Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Children
Authors: Hinnig Patrícia De Fragas , Prado Barbara Grassi , Latorre Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira
Published: July 2018

Introdução: Um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar Quantitativo (QUEFAC) foi construído por Hinnig et al. para avaliar a dieta habitual de crianças de 7 a 10 anos, uma vez que os desenvolvidos para adultos podem superestimar o consumo de crianças. Porém, precisa ser testado quanto sua validade e reprodutibilidade para se afirmar que o instrumento apresenta qualidade reconhecida. Objetivo: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade e a validade do QUEFAC em crianças de 7 a 10 anos. Método: A reprodutibilidade foi realizada com 89 crianças que responderam a dois QUEFAC’s. A validade foi realizada com 167 crianças que responderam a três Recordatórios de 24 horas (método de referência) e a um QUEFAC. Para avaliação, utilizaram-se o teste t pareado e Wilcoxon, os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse e Kappa ponderado e análise dos gráficos de Bland-Altman.Resultados: Para reprodutibilidade, observou-se diferença de médias para todos os nutrientes investigados, os coeficientes de correlação variaram de 0,12 a 0,54 e os valores de Kappa de 0,01 a 0,39. Na validade, observou-se diferença de média para todos os nutrientes, com exceção da energia e zinco, os coeficientes de correlação variaram de 0 a 0,37, valores de Kappa de 0 a 0,27 e gráficos de Bland-Altman mostraram distribuição aleatória para a maioria dos nutrientes investigados. Conclusão: O QUEFAC não se mostrou válido para avaliação da dieta habitual dos últimos três meses em crianças de 7 a 10 anos em São Paulo e apresentou moderada reprodutibilidade para energia, proteínas, cálcio, fósforo, ferro, potássio, magnésio e vitamina B2.
Health in School Program: From training processes to practice scenarios
Authors: Marinho Mirna Neyara Alexandre de Sá Barreto , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha , Ferreira Heraldo Simões , Pequeno Alice Maria Correira , Sousa Itamara Da Costa , Pereira Antônia Priscila , Araújo Aretha Feitosa de , Machado Maria de Fátima Antero Sousa
Published: July 2018

Introdução: O Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) é  uma política intersetorial entre os ministérios da saúde e da educação com a perspectiva da atenção integral (prevenção, promoção e atenção) à saúde de crianças, adolescentes e jovens do ensino público básico, no âmbito das escolas e unidades básicas de saúde. Possui cinco componentes estruturantes a serem desenvolvidos pelos profissionais, que necessitam de formação permanente para o alcance de seus objetivos e metas. Objetivo: Analisar o processo de formação dos profissionais de saúde e educação do PSE. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada no referencial teórico de Paulo Freire, cujas categorias epistemológicas foram compiladas por Ecco (leitura de mundo, temáticas significativas, diálogo, curiosidade e problematização). Coleta realizada por meio de entrevista com 45 profissionais e analisada a partir do referencial.Resultados: A leitura de mundo em relação à formação apresentou-se permeada de dúvidas para o trabalho com os adolescentes. No tocante às temáticas significativas, manifestaram interesse em estudar alguns conteúdos pelas particularidades deste público. O diálogo foi incitado no repasse das informações e determinações estabelecidas pela gestão. Quanto à curiosidade, os profissionais apontaram incertezas acerca da continuidade das ações do programa, e relataram necessidades de aprendizagem não contempladas. A problematização não foi evidenciada nas falas. Conclusão: Destacam-se lacunas na formação do profissional no PSE para uma atuação que considere a promoção de saúde do adolescente.
Demographics, perceptions, and socioeconomic factors affecting influenza vaccination among adults in the United States
Authors: Abbas Kaja M. , Kang Gloria J. , Chen Daniel , Werre Stephen R. , Marathe Achla
Published: July 2018

Objective

The study objective is to analyze influenza vaccination status by demographic factors, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance status, and barriers to influenza vaccination among adults 18 years and older in the United States.

Background

Influenza vaccination coverage among adults 18 years and older was 41% during 2010–2011 and has increased and plateaued at 43% during 2016–2017. This is below the target of 70% influenza vaccination coverage among adults, which is an objective of the Healthy People 2020 initiative.

Methods

We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of adults 18 years and older in the United States on factors affecting influenza vaccination. We conducted bivariate analysis using Rao-Scott chi-square test and multivariate analysis using weighted multinomial logistic regression of this survey data to determine the effect of demographics, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance, and barriers associated with influenza vaccination uptake among adults in the United States.

Results

Influenza vaccination rates are relatively high among adults in older age groups (73.3% among 75 + year old), adults with education levels of bachelor’s degree or higher (45.1%), non-Hispanic Whites (41.8%), adults with higher incomes (52.8% among adults with income of over $150,000), partnered adults (43.2%), non-working adults (46.2%), and adults with internet access (39.9%). Influenza vaccine is taken every year by 76% of adults who perceive that the vaccine is very effective, 64.2% of adults who are socially influenced by others, and 41.8% of adults with health insurance, while 72.3% of adults without health insurance never get vaccinated. Facilitators for adults getting vaccinated every year in comparison to only some years include older age, perception of high vaccine effectiveness, higher income and no out-of-pocket payments. Barriers for adults never getting vaccinated in comparison to only some years include lack of health insurance, disliking of shots, perception of low vaccine effectiveness, low perception of risk for influenza infection, and perception of risky side effects.

Conclusion

Influenza vaccination rates among adults in the United States can be improved towards the Healthy People 2020 target of 70% by increasing awareness of the safety, efficacy and need for influenza vaccination, leveraging the practices and principles of commercial and social marketing to improve vaccine trust, confidence and acceptance, and lowering out-of-pocket expenses and covering influenza vaccination costs through health insurance.
Assessing metacognitive beliefs about worry: validation of German versions of the Why Worry Scale II and the Consequences of Worry Scale
Authors: Thielsch Carolin , Andor Tanja , Ehring Thomas
Published: July 2018

Background

Metacognitive beliefs have been proposed to play a key role in initiating and maintaining worry. The Why Worry-Scale-II (WW-II) and Consequences of Worry Scale (COWS) are self-report questionnaires assessing positive and negative metacognitive beliefs. The main goal of this study was to validate German versions of these two questionnaires.

Method

N = 603 participants completed a questionnaire battery, including the two self-report measures of metacognitive beliefs. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses, calculated internal consistencies, and examined convergent and divergent validity. In addition, the questionnaires’ power in predicting worry, repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms were investigated.

Results

The factor structure of the original versions could be replicated for both measures. Furthermore, the translated questionnaires demonstrated excellent internal consistency and evidence of convergent and divergent validity. Importantly they also possessed predictive power in explaining worry, RNT and GAD symptoms, even over and above the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) as the current gold standard.

Conclusions

Overall, our findings suggest that the WW-II and COWS show solid psychometric properties and are useful in measuring metacognitive beliefs independently from the MCQ-30.
Models of synaptotagmin‐1 to trigger Ca2+‐dependent vesicle fusion
Authors: Park Yongsoo , Ryu Je‐Kyung
Published: July 2018

Vesicles in neurons and neuroendocrine cells store neurotransmitters and peptide hormones, which are released by vesicle fusion in response to Ca2+‐evoking stimuli. Synaptotagmin‐1 (Syt1), a Ca2+ sensor, mediates ultrafast exocytosis in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. After vesicle docking, Syt1 has two main groups of binding partners: anionic phospholipids and the SNARE (soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) complex. The molecular mechanisms by which Syt1 triggers vesicle fusion remain controversial. This Review introduces and summarizes six molecular models of Syt1: (a) Syt1 triggers SNARE unclamping by displacing complexin, (b) Syt1 clamps SNARE zippering, (c) Syt1 causes membrane curvature, (d) membrane bridging by Syt1, (e) Syt1 is a vesicle‐plasma membrane distance regulator, and (f) Syt1 undergoes circular oligomerization. We discuss important conditions to test Syt1 activity in vitro and attempt to illustrate the possible roles of Syt1.
TGFβ1 regulates HGF‐induced cell migration and hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET expression via C‐ets‐1 and miR‐128‐3p in basal‐like breast cancer
Authors: Breunig Christian , Erdem Nese , Bott Alexander , Greiwe Julia F. , Reinz Eileen , Bernhardt Stephan , Giacomelli Chiara , Wachter Astrid , Kanthelhardt Eva J. , Beißbarth Tim , Vetter Martina , Wiemann Stefan
Published: July 2018

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor progression by inducing cell dissemination from the primary tumor and metastasis. TGFβ signaling is involved in breast cancer progression and is specifically elevated during metastatic transformation in aggressive breast cancer. In this study, we performed genomewide correlation analysis of TGFBR2 expression in a panel of 51 breast cancer cell lines and identified that MET is coregulated with TGFBR2. This correlation was confirmed at the protein level in breast cancer cell lines and human tumor tissues. Flow cytometric analysis of luminal and basal‐like breast cancer cell lines and examination of 801 tumor specimens from a prospective cohort of breast cancer patients using reverse phase protein arrays revealed that expression of TGFBR2 and MET is increased in basal‐like breast cancer cell lines, as well as in triple‐negative breast cancer tumor tissues, compared to other subtypes. Using real‐time cell analysis technology, we demonstrated that TGFβ1 triggered hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‐induced and MET‐dependent migration in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that TGFβ1 induces expression of C‐ets‐1 as a candidate transcription factor regulating MET expression. Indeed, TGFβ1‐induced expression of ETS1 and breast cancer cell migration was blocked by knockdown of ETS1. Further, we identified that MET is a direct target of miR‐128‐3p and that this miRNA is negatively regulated by TGFβ1. Overexpression of miR‐128‐3p reduced MET expression and abrogated HGF‐induced cell migration of invasive breast cancer cells. In conclusion, we have identified that TGFβ1 regulates HGF‐induced and MET‐mediated cell migration, through positive regulation of C‐ets‐1 and negative regulation of miR‐128‐3p expression in basal‐like breast cancer cell lines and in triple‐negative breast cancer tissue.
On‐Chip Ultrasound Modulation of Pyramidal Neuronal Activity in Hippocampal Slices
Authors: Lin Zhengrong , Zhou Wei , Huang Xiaowei , Wang Kaiyue , Tang Jie , Niu Lili , Meng Long , Zheng Hairong
Published: July 2018

Ultrasound stimulation, as a novel and noninvasive technique for neuromodulation, shows a great potential in the treatment of functional brain diseases. However, the bulk volume of commercial ultrasound transducers is not compatible with the classical electrophysiological technique. Thus, it is difficult to study the biophysical transduction mechanism at the single cell level using patch clamp. In this study, a miniaturized ultrasound neurostimulation chip is developed to investigate the ultrasonic effects on the level of ion channels in the pyramidal neurons using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. Any kind of streaming of molecules in water is disregarded. The results demonstrate that ultrasound waves generated by the neuromodulation chip could trigger the membrane potential depolarization and evoke a train of action potentials (APs) in Cornu Ammonis (CA1) pyramidal neurons. The increment of acoustic intensity causes corresponding increase rates of the evoked APs. Simultaneously, ultrasound stimulation increases neuronal excitability by decreasing threshold potential and increasing the total tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive sodium currents. Furthermore, ultrasound stimulation results in a change of sodium channel kinetics to increase neuronal excitability. The results suggest that ultrasound enables activation of neurons, and the neurostimulation chip provides a simple and powerful tool for understanding the mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Mesoporous MnO2‐Coated Upconversion Nanoplatform for Self‐Enhanced Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Xu Jiating , Han Wei , Yang Piaoping , Jia Tao , Dong Shuming , Bi Huiting , Gulzar Arif , Yang Dan , Gai Shili , He Fei , Lin Jun , Li Chunxia
Published: July 2018

The insufficient blood flow and oxygen supply in solid tumor cause hypoxia, which leads to low sensitivity of tumorous cells and thus causing poor treatment outcome. Here, mesoporous manganese dioxide (mMnO2) with ultrasensitive biodegradability in a tumor microenvironment (TME) is grown on upconversion photodynamic nanoparticles for not only TME‐enhanced bioimaging and drug release, but also for relieving tumor hypoxia, thereby markedly improving photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this nanoplatform, mesoporous silica coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@mSiO2) with covalently loaded chlorin e6 are obtained as near‐infrared light mediated PDT agents, and then a mMnO2 shell is grown via a facile ultrasonic way. Because of its unique mesoporous structure, the obtained nanoplatform postmodified with polyethylene glycol can load the chemotherapeutic drug of doxorubicin (DOX). When used for antitumor application, the mMnO2 degrades rapidly within the TME, releasing Mn2+ ions, which couple with trimodal (upconversion luminescence, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging) imaging of UCNPs to perform a self‐enhanced imaging. Significantly, the degradation of mMnO2 shell brings an efficient DOX release, and relieve tumor hypoxia by simultaneously inducing decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2 and reduction of glutathione, thus achieving a highly potent chemo‐photodynamic therapy.
Totalsynthese und Strukturkorrektur des antibiotisch wirksamen Tetrapeptids GE81112A
Authors: Jürjens Gerrit , Schuler Sören M. M. , Kurz Michael , Petit Sylvain , Couturier Cédric , Jeannot Frédéric , Nguyen Fabian , Wende Raffael C. , Hammann Peter E. , Wilson Daniel N. , Bacqué Eric , Pöverlein Christoph , Bauer Armin
Published: July 2018

Die erste Totalsynthese des antibiotisch wirksamen Naturstoffs GE81112A, eines hoch funktionalisierten Tetrapeptids, wurde abgeschlossen. Der Vergleich der NMR‐Daten und der biologischen Aktivität der synthetischen Verbindung mit den Daten für den Naturstoff führte zur Korrektur der publizierten absoluten Konfiguration eines stereogenen Zentrums der 3‐Hydroxypipecolinsäure‐Einheit und zur Synthese des biologisch aktiven GE81112A mit der korrekten Konfiguration.
Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of the Antibiotic Tetrapeptide GE81112A
Authors: Jürjens Gerrit , Schuler Sören M. M. , Kurz Michael , Petit Sylvain , Couturier Cédric , Jeannot Frédéric , Nguyen Fabian , Wende Raffael C. , Hammann Peter E. , Wilson Daniel N. , Bacqué Eric , Pöverlein Christoph , Bauer Armin
Published: July 2018

The total synthesis of the naturally occurring antibiotic GE81112A, a densely functionalized tetrapeptide, is reported. Comparison of spectral data with those of the natural product and the lack of biological activity of the synthesized compound led us to revise the published configuration of the 3‐hydroxypipecolic acid moiety. This hypothesis was fully validated by the synthesis of the corresponding epimer.
Accurate Measurement of Selenoproteins with Affinity HPLC‐ICP/MS Using D2 as a Collision Gas
Authors: Lee Seo‐Young , Pak Yong‐Nam
Published: July 2018

Accurate quantitative measurement of selenoproteins GPx, SelP, and SeAlb in blood serum was achieved by using affinity HPLC‐ICP/MS with Post Column Isotope Dilution (PCID). D2 was used as a collision gas to avoid BrH+ interference that arises from the combination of matrix Br and the H2 collision gas normally used in octopole reaction cell (ORC) ICP/MS. The advantages of using D2 were to be free from isobaric interference, and the use of the ratio of 78Se/80Se which has the higher abundances for higher precision in ID techniques. Ammonium formate, rather than ammonium acetate or ammonium nitrate, was selected as an eluent for affinity chromatography to accomplish an efficient separation of the three selenoproteins and to provide the least baseline change during the gradient elution. The baseline change in PCID during the peak elution was compensated by active background subtraction. The accuracy was verified against the reference blood serum BCR 639 (133 ± 12 ng/g) to give 130.1 ± 6.4 ng/g (97.7% accuracy) with 4% RSD. The distributions of three proteins were 41%, 48%, and 11% for GPx, SelP, and SeAlb, respectively. The abstract should briefly state the problem or purpose of the research, indicate the methodology used, summarize the principal findings and major conclusions.
Rethinking the voluntary act requirement: Implications from neuroscience and behavioral science research
Authors: Gordon Natalie S. , Fondacaro Mark R.
Published: July 2018

Criminal responsibility in the American legal system requires the presence of an actus reus—a harmful act that was committed voluntarily—and a mens rea, or guilty mind. Courts frequently consider questions surrounding mens rea but rarely question whether an act was committed voluntarily. Thus, courts presume that acts have been committed voluntarily and with an ill will; retribution, which serves the primary basis for punishment in the USA, relies on this presumption. Research in neuroscience and the behavioral sciences, however, suggests that this presumption is flawed and not sufficiently robust to justify punishment that is grounded in retribution. In this paper we discuss the presumption of voluntariness and free will inherent in the law, provide examples of how the courts have conflated actus reus and mens rea and the consequences of doing so, and the implications of neuroscience and behavioral science research for actus reus (also known as the voluntary act requirement). Finally, we propose re‐conceptualizing punishment within a consequentialist, empirically‐based framework that does not rely on folk psychological notions about human behavior and reinvigorates the actus reus as the foundational requirement for legal responsibility.
Capital jurors, mental illness, and the unreliability principle: Can capital jurors comprehend and account for evidence of mental illness?
Authors: Sandys Marla , Pruss Heather , Walsh Sara M.
Published: July 2018

Recent U.S. Supreme Court opinions have given rise to the question of whether persons suffering from a severe mental illness should be categorically exempt from the death penalty. This article presents a brief overview of relevant U.S. Supreme Court cases and the empirical evidence relevant to this question. We then present our findings on how actual capital jurors respond to and discuss engaging with evidence of mental illness, as drawn from in‐depth interviews collected as part of the Capital Jury Project. Existing research reveals that in the controlled situation of an experiment, evidence of mental illness is associated with votes for life rather than death. Similarly, actual capital jurors in our study reported anticipating that evidence of mental illness would make them less likely to vote for death. However, those jurors who dealt with mental illness in their case appeared to be less sensitive: they describe such evidence as having been overshadowed by the brutality of the crime; as indicative of the defendant's future dangerousness; as being confusing, especially as presented by experts; and as a manipulative attempt on the part of the defendant to trick the jurors. The findings suggest that capital jurors cannot reliably comprehend and account for evidence of mental illness and thus offer a compelling reason for the Court to exempt those suffering from a mental illness from the death penalty.
Children separated from their parents: Field horrified
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2018

This spring, hundreds of children were separated from their parents as they tried to cross the southern border into the United States. The separations were part of a Trump administration immigration strategy. U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions ordered the “zero tolerance” policy. Since early May, the number of separations has been 2,342.
Cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Saksenaea vasiformis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sigera Liyanage Shamithra Madhumali , Gamage Kavinga Kalhari Kobawaka , Jayawardena Melani Naamal , Abeydeera Wijewickrama Punchihewage Harshula , Malkanthi Matharage Ariyalatha , Jayasekera Primali Irosha , Patabendige Charini Geethika Upulkanthi Arukattu , Fernando Arumabaduge Harshini Niranjali
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Primary cutaneous mucormycosis due to Saksenaea vasiformis is a rare clinical manifestation and the actual number of the disease condition is underestimated due to lack of sporulation in the absence of molecular diagnosis. Combination therapy of antifungal and repetitive debridement is mandatory in curing the patients.
Aqueous‐Phase Hydrodechlorination of Trichloroethylene on Ir Catalysts Supported on SBA‐3 Materials
Authors: Janiszewska Ewa , Zieliński Michał , Kot Monika , Kowalewski Emil , Śrębowata Anna
Published: July 2018

This work investigates the catalytic properties of silica and aluminosilicate SBA‐3 supported iridium catalysts in aqueous phase hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene. SBA‐3, AlSBA‐3, Ir/SBA‐3 and Ir/AlSBA‐3 were thoroughly characterized by XRD, BET, TPR‐H2, H2chemisorption, TPD‐NH3and investigated in catalytic removal of trichloroethylene from water in batch reactor under mild operation conditions. Uniformly dispersed small iridium nanoparticles (∼3 nm) was found to be active in catalytic purification of water from chloroorganic compound. The studies showed that the differences in catalytic behavior of Ir/SBA‐3 and Ir/AlSBA‐3 depended on the properties of the support. The best catalytic properties in purification of water from trichloroethylene was obtained for Ir supported on more hydrophilic and ordered AlSBA‐3 with acid sites.
Plastic Scintillator‐Based Microfluidic Devices for Miniaturized Detection of Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Tarn Mark D. , Kızılyer Nuray Yavuzkanat , Esfahani Mohammad M. N. , Joshi Pankaj , Brown Nathaniel J. , Pamme Nicole , Jenkins David G. , Archibald Stephen J.
Published: July 2018

A miniaturized radio‐HPLC detector has been developed comprising a microfluidic device fabricated from plastic scintillator in combination with a silicon photomultiplier light sensor, and tested with samples containing a positron‐emitting radionuclide, [18F]fluoride. This cost‐effective, small footprint analytical tool is ideal for incorporation into integrated quality control systems for the testing of positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals to good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards.
Exploiting the Thiobarbituric Acid Scaffold for Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Noki Sikabwe , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Hazzah Heba A. , Almarhoon Zainab M. , El‐Faham Ayman , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Albericio Fernando
Published: July 2018

Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) has been considered a privileged structure for developing antimicrobial agents. Diversity was obtained at positions N and at C5 through acylation, Schiff base formation, Knoevenagel condensation, and thioamide and enamine formation. The present work describes the synthesis of small libraries based on the TBA moiety and above‐mentioned reactions. Preliminary antimicrobial activity screening of the prepared compounds against selected bacteria (both Gram‐positive and ‐negative) showed the best results for the Boc‐Phe‐TBA derivative. These results could be useful for designing and building libraries based on other amino acids with distinct protecting groups.
Analysis of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐1 and kisspeptin neuronal systems in the nonphotoregulated seasonally breeding eastern rock elephant‐shrew (Elephantulus myurus)
Authors: Medger Katarina , Bennett Nigel C. , Chimimba Christian T. , Oosthuizen Maria K. , Mikkelsen Jens D. , Coen Clive W.
Published: July 2018

Of the 18 sub‐Saharan elephant‐shrew species, only eastern rock elephant‐shrews reproduce seasonally throughout their distribution, a process seemingly independent of photoperiod. The present study characterizes gonadal status and location/intensity of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐1 (GnRH‐1) and kisspeptin immunoreactivities in this polyovulating species in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. GnRH‐1‐immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies are predominantly in the medial septum, diagonal band, and medial preoptic area; processes are generally sparse except in the external median eminence. Kisspeptin‐ir cell bodies are detected only within the arcuate nucleus; the density of processes is generally low, except in the septohypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, arcuate nucleus, and internal and external median eminence. Kisspeptin‐ir processes are negligible at locations containing GnRH‐1‐ir cell bodies. The external median eminence is the only site with conspicuously overlapping distributions of the respective immunoreactivities and, accordingly, a putative site for kisspeptin's regulation of GnRH‐1 release in this species. In the nonbreeding season in males, there is an increase in the rostral population of GnRH‐1‐ir cell bodies and density of GnRH‐1‐ir processes in the median eminence. In both sexes, the breeding season is associated with increased kisspeptin‐ir process density in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle and arcuate nucleus; at the latter site, this is positively correlated with gonadal mass. Cross‐species comparisons lead us to hypothesize differential mechanisms within these peptidergic systems: that increased GnRH‐1 immunoreactivity during the nonbreeding season reflects increased accumulation with reduced release; that increased kisspeptin immunoreactivity during the breeding season reflects increased synthesis with increased release.
The interplay between experiential states in first generation schema therapy of Cluster C personality problems: A network approach
Authors: Hoffart Asle
Published: July 2018

We tested a theory‐derived network of within‐person causal relations between experiential states in schema therapy of Cluster C personality problems. The sample consisted of 35 patients with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia and DSM‐IV Cluster C personality traits or disorders who participated in an inpatient programme. In a 6‐week schema therapy phase, the patients had nine or 10 individual sessions and completed measures of experiential states (anger, sadness, depression, anxiety, optimism, and schema belief) before and after each session. The impact of these six states on each other and on themselves over time was examined in mixed models. Schema belief was positively related to subsequent anger and sadness, whereas optimism was negatively related to subsequent schema belief, sadness, and depression. The results suggest that one could maximize the effect of schema therapy on dysphoric feelings in patients with Cluster C personality problems through a therapeutic focus on optimism and schema belief.
An ultra‐linear CMOS image sensor for a high‐accuracy imaging system
Authors: Teymouri Masood , Sobhi Jafar
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an ultra‐linear CMOS image sensor (CIS) which can be used in the high‐accuracy imaging system. A new technique has been introduced to implement unity gain buffer as an APS readout circuit. Moreover, to save power consumption and silicon area without losing speed, a column 10‐Bit SS‐ADC with built‐in correlated double sampling function is presented. Nonlinearity, dynamic range, total input referred readout noise, and power consumption for the proposed readout circuit are 0.08%, 49 dB, 5.05 μV, and 126 μW, respectively. The results indicate up to 12.5 times linearity and 15 times gain error are improved compared with a conventional SF readout. A 320 × 240 pixel CIS has been designed in the 0.18‐μm CMOS technology, and important results are provided.
Variability‐aware design of a bandgap voltage reference with 0.18% standard deviation and 68 nW power consumption
Authors: Cucchi F. , Di Pascoli S. , Iannaccone G.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we present a design approach based on a reassessment of design priorities to obtain robust circuits with respect to process variability. We show that if we address variability as one of the main issues in circuit design, and make it inform our very first design choices, we are able to significantly reduce dispersion of circuit characteristics without degrading of the other performance figures. We apply this variability‐aware approach to the design of a nanopower reference voltage generator in 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. The result is a BJT‐based topology, which provides a reference voltage of about 241 mV from a 1 V supply voltage. Measurements on 20 samples from a single batch show that the reference voltage exhibits a relative standard deviation of 0.18%, while consuming only 68.3 nW. This is comparable with the performance of references that are either trimmed or consume much more power. This reduced process sensitivity comes at the cost of a significant increase of die area (0.28 mm2).
Tritrophic interactions between a fungal pathogen, a spider predator, and the blacklegged tick
Authors: Fischhoff Ilya R. , Burtis James C. , Keesing Felicia , Ostfeld Richard S.
Published: July 2018

The blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis is the primary vector for the bacterium causing Lyme disease in eastern North America and for other medically important pathogens. This species is vulnerable to attack by fungal pathogens and arthropod predators, but the impacts of interactions between biocontrol agents have not been examined. The biocontrol agent Met52®, containing the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum (=M. anisopliae), controls blacklegged ticks with efficacy comparable to chemical acaricides. The brush‐legged wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata is a predator of I. scapularis that reduces their survival under field conditions. We conducted a field microcosm experiment to assess the compatibility of Met52 and S. ocreata as tick biocontrol agents. We compared the fits of alternative models in predicting survival of unfed (flat) and blood‐fed (engorged) nymphs. We found the strongest support for a model that included negative effects of Met52 and S. ocreata on flat nymph survival. We found evidence for interference between biocontrol agents, with Met52 reducing spider survival, but we did not find a significant interaction effect between the two agents on nymph survival. For engorged nymphs, low recovery rates resulted in low statistical power to detect possible effects of biocontrol agents. We found that nymph questing activity was lower when the spider was active above the leaf litter than when the spider was unobserved. This provides the first evidence that predation cues might affect behavior important for tick fitness and pathogen transmission. This study presents field microcosm evidence that the biopesticide Met52 and spider Schizocosa ocreata each reduced survival of blacklegged ticks Ixodes scapularis. Met52 reduced spider survival. Potential interference between Met52 and the spider should be examined at larger scales, where overlap patterns may differ. Ticks were more likely to quest when the spider was inactive, suggesting the ticks changed their behavior to reduce danger.