bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernity and Neo-Tantra
Authors: Urban Hugh B.
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the complex transformations of Tantra in the context of modernity, globalization, and capitalism since the early nineteenth century. In the eyes of most European Orientalist scholars, British colonial authorities, and Christian missionaries of the Victorian era, Tantra was seen as dark path of sexual deviance and black magic. Yet for many European and American authors of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, such as Theodor Reuss and Pierre Bernard, Tantra was embraced as a much-needed path of sexual liberation and the celebration of the physical body. During the 1960s and 1970s, Tantra became a key part of the counterculture and sexual revolution, as global gurus such as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (aka Osho) began to promote the practice of “Neo-Tantra,” now defined primarily as a kind of “spiritual sexology.” Finally, in our own era, Tantra has become a ubiquitous part of global popular culture, mass marketed through texts such as The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Tantric Sex. To conclude, I discuss and reevaluate Agehananda Bharati’s famous concept of the “pizza effect” as a way of understanding the historical exchange between India and “the West.” Instead, I suggest that something like a “curry effect” is perhaps a more accurate metaphor to explain the different trajectories of Tantra in modern South Asia, Europe, and America.
On the Chronology of the Buddhist Tantras
Authors: Sugiki Tsunehiko
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides a discussion and overview of the approximate dates of the composition of Buddhist tantras in early medieval South Asia. It covers as many important tantras as possible to provide a comprehensive rundown of the history of Buddhist tantras. Many Buddhist tantras are evolving texts; they were gradually compiled, enlarged, and organized by different authors over decades or in some cases even centuries. It also often happens that different groups of authors separately developed different versions of a tantra. It is also one of the roles of the chronological study, as far as possible, to reveal the complicated processes of growth and reproduction of the tantras.
Implementing ACT as Contextual Behavioral Science
Authors: Sandoz Emily K. , Fogle Caleb
Published: September 2022

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been explicitly grounded in particular philosophical and theoretical perspectives since its development. At a macro level, these foundations not only contextualize current iterations of ACT (i.e., explaining why ACT is the way that it is), but also guide adaptations and continued refinement of ACT (i.e., to shape how ACT is continually evolving). However, there are also important implications for moment-to-moment implementation of ACT. This article provides a brief review of early foundations with explicit implications for ACT implementation, including both contextualism and its relationship with other world views, and behavior analysis as grounded in both radical behaviorism and interbehavioral psychology. Modern contextual behavioral science (CBS) is described in detail as behavior analysis with functional contextual underpinnings. Also described are the philosophical assumptions that characterize this perspective, along with the implications of these assumptions for ACT therapists. This article seeks to support ACT therapists in implementing ACT with intention and effectiveness.
Music Theory, Race, and the Barbershop Harmony Society
Authors: Boyd Clifton
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines how music theory has historically been utilized within the Barbershop Harmony Society (BHS) to influence and affirm the Society’s social and political values, in particular as they relate to whiteness, racial segregation, and racial discrimination in the United States. As evidence, the chapter cites Society-published style treatises written by barbershop practitioners with insider knowledge of their communities. The work of these practitioners determines the rules of the barbershop style for an international community of musicians. After introducing the concept of “invented traditions,” the chapter then discusses the Society’s early definitions of the barbershop style and culture; its practices of segregation and discrimination during the civil rights era (and the corresponding musical preservationism); and concludes with reflections on its present-day “Everyone in Harmony” diversity initiative (2017–).
Political Legitimacy in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Greif Avner , Rubin Jared
Published: September 2022

Political legitimacy has long been recognized in the social sciences as an integral component of governance. It encourages obedience without the threat of force, thus lowering governing costs and improving the efficacy of policies. This chapter begins by overviewing the extensive literature on political legitimacy, classifying studies by whether they are based on beliefs (regarding the legitimacy of the authority) or effectiveness (good governance is legitimate governance). Among the studies focusing on beliefs, most take legitimacy as an exogenous element of political authority. The chapter develops a conceptual framework to study how beliefs regarding political legitimacy form endogenously and impact political power, institutions, and policies. It concludes with numerous examples from historical political economy that reveal the usefulness of this framework.
Job Quality for Service and Care Occupations
Authors: Benjamin Orly
Published: September 2022

This chapter develops a feminist perspective on job quality. It argues that exploitation is accelerated by policies promoting undervaluation, deskilling and de-professionalization in service and care occupations. Job quality must be evaluated, then, in light of specific employment arrangements within occupations according to three dimensions: remunerations, that is, the extent to which knowledge, skill and experience are reflected in payment scales; certification, namely the extent to which on-the-job training practices allow both certified and uncertified employees to benefit from skill development; and decommodification, the benefits ensuring women’s income when unable to work because of caring emergencies, illness or old age. When these three aspects are minimized, low quality of jobs reproduces women’s disadvantage in the labour market, in families and in society. Based on these three dimensions I introduce a feminist perspective to job quality, one that accords particular attention to issues of skill recognition and to family constraints in the lives of caring and service employees. I use my feminist perspective in considering each of the dimensions of job quality included in the gender-sensitive model proposed by Davoine and her colleagues (2008), with specific attention to employees in service and care occupations.
Job Quality in Emerging Economies through the Lens of the OECD Job Quality Framework
Authors: Cazes Sandrine , Falco Paolo , Menyhért Bálint
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of job quality in emerging economies using the OECD Job Quality Framework, which is articulated around three broad dimensions: earnings quality, labour market security, and quality of the working environment. The analysis paints a detailed picture across sociodemographic groups, placing particular attention on the gap between formal and informal employment. The results show that the main issue for emerging economies is not the lack of jobs as such, but the shortage of quality jobs. This is partly related to inadequate social security, which pushes workers into subsistence-level occupations. In all three dimensions analysed, jobs in emerging economies are of lower quality, on average, than in OECD countries. Lower earnings quality derives from both wide gaps in average earnings and higher levels of inequality vis-à-vis more advanced economies. Labour market insecurity due to unemployment is similar to the OECD average, but workers in emerging economies typically face a significant additional risk of falling into extreme low pay while employed. The gap in the quality of the working environment is most evident by the high incidence of very long working hours in emerging economies. Youth, low-skilled and informal workers have the worst outcomes across countries.
Museums and the market
Authors: Yates Donna , Smith Emiline
Published: September 2022

The connection between the illicit trade in looted antiquities and museums is more nuanced than museum ethics codes currently address. This chapter explores the role that museums play in the transnational illicit trade in antiquities, considering how museums serve as ‘Receivers’ and ‘Influencers’ both driving the market and acting as a public social conscience working against it. As ‘receivers’, museums bring illicit antiquities into their collection via direct sales or donations, obscuring or ignoring the illicit origins of the object, thus validating the trade. As ‘influencers’, museums set trends of cultural consumption among buyers through blockbuster exhibitions that have a trickle-down effect towards what is looted ‘on the ground’. They also influence market values through their purchases, their collaboration with antiquities collectors, and their display of privately held works of dubious provenance. Contrastingly, some museums challenge the purchase of illicit antiquities through targeted exhibitions, education of donors, and strict acquisition policies.
Political Values and Political Participation
Authors: Heath Anthony F. , Richards Lindsay , Jungblut Julia
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores, both theoretically and empirically, the relationship between political values and two main types of political participation, namely electoral (turnout in national or local elections) and non-electoral types ( such as signing a petition, attending a demonstration or contacting a government official). The chapter focuses on left-right, libertarian-authoritarian, traditional, postmaterialist, and democratic values, and their relationships with electoral and non-electoral forms of participation. Democratic values prove to have strong associations with both forms of participation, while postmaterialist values have a particularly strong association with non-electoral participation. Left-right, libertarian-authoritarian, and traditional values also have significant negative associations with non-electoral participation, right-wingers, authoritarians and traditionalists being less likely to engage politically outside elections. Left-right and libertarian-authoritarian values also have U-shaped relationships with electoral participation, people who hold more extreme positions on these values being the most likely to turnout and vote. At the same time, the political context also matters, with the level and strength of the relationships differing between democracies and autocracies. Levels of participation (both electoral and non-electoral) are much lower in autocracies, while the strengths of the relationships with values tend to be stronger in democracies.
Hortatory Ethics
Authors: Marchetti Sarin
Published: September 2022

James’s ethics is among the most intricate facets of his work. It thus hardly comes as a surprise that scholars, both inside and outside pragmatism, have disagreed not only over the details of his moral philosophy but also over its most general shape. There have been several contrasting accounts of his ethical writings and their overall coherence—or lack thereof—and also conflicting narratives of their very scope and goals. The recent, renewed interest in this thorny side of James has reinvigorated old exegetical feuds and created new ones. His work as a moral philosopher has been variously presented as an eclectic ethical theory, a fine experiment in pragmatist moralization, and a promising yet tuneless ensemble of moral notes. Despite working with a fairly classical conception of philosophical ethics as the reflective inquiry into the good life, the way in which James cashed out the intellectual desiderata of this project hardly resembles more well-trodden paths. This has created trouble for scholars who have tried to translate his work in terms more familiar to contemporary Western moral philosophy, and even for some of those who have been more willing to follow him in his offbeat route. This chapter, after a survey of James’s philosophical incursions into ethics and their main interpretative strategies, offers a radical picture of his moral thought as an effort in hortatory ethics that hinges on his distinctive—yet often overlooked—pragmatist metaphilosophy.
History of Education and Training in Clinical Neuropsychology
Authors: Stelmokas Julija , Bieliauskas Linas A.
Published: September 2022

The development of clinical neuropsychology training originates from the contributions of multiple disciplines within experimental laboratories. As the profession rapidly expanded from these pathways, greater standardization was needed to address the varying backgrounds of training and education. The establishment of professional organizations and task force groups provided an avenue to formalize competency-based education guidelines that would lead to a consistent and unified model of training. A pivotal time point in history came about during the creation of the Houston Conference Guidelines, a consensus document that was developed by multiple professional organizations and provided a roadmap for graduate and postgraduate training. Since the inception of the HCG, clinical neuropsychology training programs have rapidly developed and expanded into other subspecialties (e.g., pediatric clinical neuropsychology). The HCG provides a longitudinal model of integrated training that considers the individual needs of the trainee. To this end, clinical neuropsychology as a professional practice will continue to evolve and incorporate into training advancements in technology, healthcare service delivery (e.g., interdisciplinary teams), and ability to serve a diverse population.
History of Agnosia
Authors: Bauer Russell M.
Published: September 2022

This chapter offers a broad clinical and theoretical review of the concept of “agnosia,” acquired disorders of object recognition occurring after injury to the brain. This review illustrates how conceptualization of these fascinating disorders has been shaped by the scientific zeitgeist prevailing at the time that new findings and new patients were discovered. Classic conceptualizations of these disorders as reflecting the loss of specialized processors for objects, faces, and spatial relationships have given way to more systems-level analyses based on disconnection, cognitive neuropsychological, and computational models. The evolution of thought in this area serves as a potent example of how clinical findings can inspire experimental neuroscience and imaging analyses and how results from experimental investigations can, in turn, lead to advances in clinical assessment. Thus, the lessons learned from this body of work provide a good example of clinical translational science in action.
Worked Examples
Authors: Sweller John , Ayres Paul
Published: September 2022

A worked example is a form of explicit instruction that provides a detailed solution to a problem. Solutions can consist of, for example, step-by-step answers to mathematics questions or a model answer to an essay question. Cognitive load theory has been used to hypothesize that when novice students first learn complex areas that impose a heavy working memory load, instruction is more effective in transferring essential information to long-term memory if students are presented multiple worked examples to study rather than being given equivalent problems to solve. The explanation for this worked example effect is that working memory load is reduced by studying worked examples compared to solving problems. Empirical evidence from a very large number of randomized, controlled trials has supported this hypothesis. Nevertheless, there are many conditions under which worked examples do not reduce working memory load and so do not facilitate transfer of information to long-term memory. Exploration of these factors has given rise to many of the cognitive load effects that can be found in the literature. In this chapter, a combination of evolutionary educational psychology and the human cognitive architecture that gave rise to the various predictions is discussed, along with the many other cognitive load theory effects that mediate the worked example effect.
Les effets de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur la santé mentale des enfants atteints de problèmes de santé physique ou d’incapacités, des familles et des professionnels de la santé
Authors: Nicholas David B , Zulla Rosslynn T , Conlon Olivia , Dimitropoulos Gina , Urschel Simon , Rapoport Adam , Katz Sherri Lynne , Bruce Aisha , West Lori J , Belletrutti Mark , Cullen Emma , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie
Published: September 2022

Objectifs

La pandémie de COVID-19 a influé sur la santé mentale de la population. Les familles des enfants qui ont des vulnérabilités en matière de santé ont été démesurément touchées par les politiques liées à la pandémie et les perturbations aux services, car elles s’appuient beaucoup sur le système de soins de santé et de services sociaux. Les chercheurs ont établi les répercussions de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les enfants ayant des vulnérabilités en matière de santé physique et des incapacités, les familles et les professionnels de la santé.

Méthodologie

Des enfants ayant diverses vulnérabilités en matière de santé (transplantation cardiaque, affections respiratoires, anémie falciforme, trouble du spectre de l’autisme, troubles de santé mentale et approche de la fin de vie en raison d’une série de causes sous-jacentes), leurs parents et leurs professionnels de la santé ont participé à des entrevues semi-structurées. Les chercheurs ont utilisé des méthodes d’analyse qualitative et en ont extrait les thèmes liés aux effets et les recommandations en vue d’améliorer la pratique.

Résultats

Au total, 262 participants (30 enfants, 76 parents, 156 professionnels de la santé) ont été interviewés. Les enfants ont décrit leur solitude et leur isolement, les parents, leur épuisement, et les professionnels de la santé, la pression ressentie et un sentiment de détresse morale. Les thèmes reflétaient les effets de la pandémie sur la santé mentale des enfants, des familles et des professionnels de la santé, de même que les ressources insuffisantes pour soutenir la santé mentale, les influences organisationnelles et politiques qui ont façonné la prestation des services et les recommandations pour améliorer la prestation de ces services.

Conclusion

Les restrictions sanitaires imposées par la pandémie et les modifications aux soins ont eu de profondes répercussions sur la santé mentale des enfants qui ont des vulnérabilités en matière de santé, les familles et les professionnels de la santé. Les recommandations incluent la rédaction et l’adoption d’information ciblée sur la pandémie et la mise en œuvre de services de soutien en santé mentale. Ces résultats amplifient la nécessité de renforcer les capacités, y compris des stratégies proactives et la planification de mesures d’atténuation du risque dans l’éventualité d’une future pandémie.
Tout le monde sur le pont : une approche multidisciplinaire du SRAS-CoV-2 associé au SIME
Authors: Lopez Alison A , Patel Mona , Rayment Jonathan H , Tam Herman , Roberts Ashley , Laskin Samara ,   GTBS, Ahmed May A , Barakauskas Vilte , Galanis Eleni , Goldfarb David , Halparin Jessica , Harris Kevin C , Kissoon Niranjan , Lawrence Sally , McGuffin Dominique , Meckler Garth , Noel Kirsten , Schrader Dewi , Sherwood Michelle , Singh Avash , Vercauteren Suzanne , Tucker Lori , Biggs Catherine M
Published: September 2022

Historique

Le syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique de l’enfant (SIME) est une complication postinfectieuse de la COVID-19 qui combine des manifestations de la maladie de Kawasaki et du syndrome de choc toxique. En mai 2020, un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire provincial a été mis sur pied en prévision des cas émergents après la première vague de COVID-19.

Méthodologie

Le centre des auteurs a créé un groupe multidisciplinaire pour les cas de SIME en Colombie-Britannique, qui a préparé des lignes directrices inspirées de la définition de cas de SIME de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Il a mis les lignes directrices à jour au moyen de méthodes d’amélioration de la qualité en fonction de la publication de nouveaux rapports et de l’évolution de l’expérience locale. Il a inclus tous les enfants évalués en personne ou dont les échantillons avaient été envoyés au centre afin de confirmer la présence du syndrome entre mai 2020 et avril 2021. Il a procédé à la collecte prospective des caractéristiques démographiques et cliniques, des caractéristiques de laboratoire et des traitements des patients.

Résultats

Au total, 52 enfants ont été évalués, et 11 ont reçu un diagnostic de SIME confirmé. Dix de ces 11 cas ont souffert d’un choc, et les atteintes gastro-intestinales et mucocutanées étaient également courantes. Les résultats de laboratoire fréquents incluaient une élévation de la protéine C-réactive, des D-dimères, de la troponine et du peptide cérébral natriurétique. Quatre des 11 cas (36 %) ont souffert d’un dysfonctionnement myocardique et trois (27 %), d’anomalies des artères coronaires. Les 11 patients ont obtenu des résultats démontrant une infection par le SRAS-CoV-2, et dix d’entre eux (91 %) ont reçu des immunoglobulines et des corticostéroïdes par voie intraveineuse.

Conclusion

La cohorte provinciale de patients atteints d’un SIME confirmé était plus susceptible de présenter un état de choc et un dysfonctionnement cardiaque, d’être admise en soins intensifs et de recevoir un traitement aux corticostéroïdes que les cas écartés. Grâce au processus évolutif privilégié par le groupe de travail, les enfants de la province possédant des caractéristiques du syndrome étaient rapidement dépistés, soumis à une évaluation standardisée et traités de manière appropriée.
Subcutaneous Extended-release Buprenorphine Depot Misdiagnosed as an Abscess Resulting in Incision and Drainage and Disruption of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Gray Jessica R. , Kehoe Laura G. , Peckham Alyssa M. , Wakeman Sarah E.
Published: September 2022

Monthly extended-release buprenorphine subcutaneous injection (BUP-XR) is a newer treatment formulation for use in moderate to severe opioid use disorder. After injection into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen, the medication forms a depot to allow for slow release of buprenorphine. As such, a small yet visible and palpable nodule is normal and is expected to decrease in size over the following weeks to months. Given the newness of this medication, it is possible that not all healthcare providers are familiar with this formulation, nor will they interpret the BUP-XR depot as normal findings. Herein, we provide a case report where a patient’s BUP-XR depot was misdiagnosed as an abscess, resulting in incision and drainage and disruption of life-saving opioid use disorder treatment. To prevent cases like this in the future, it is important that providers administering BUP-XR properly educate patients on what to expect during treatment with BUP-XR and when to seek care for potential abnormalities. In addition, it is critical that healthcare providers working in other treatment settings are aware of how to properly evaluate BUP-XR injection sites.
Association of Primary Cesarean Delivery Rate With Dissemination of Nurse-Specific Cesarean Delivery Rates
Authors: Greene Naomi H. , Schwartz Nicole , Gregory Kimberly D.
Published: September 2022

Strategies to safely reduce the rate of nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) cesarean deliveries have thus far largely ignored the contribution that labor and delivery nurses make to the delivery mode. We used a recently developed method to calculate nurse-specific cesarean delivery rates and provide these to labor and delivery nursing leadership, who shared the rates with labor and delivery nurses beginning in September 2020. We performed a 3-year interrupted time series analysis comparing our NTSV cesarean delivery rates before and after nurse-specific rates were released. On release of nurse-specific rates, our labor and delivery unit’s NTSV cesarean delivery rate declined from 25.7% to 22.0%. Further work to find strategies to sustain nurse engagement is warranted.
Recognizing, Diagnosing, and Managing Pregnancy Dermatoses
Authors: Himeles Jaclyn Rosenthal , Pomeranz Miriam Keltz
Published: September 2022

Pregnancy dermatoses are inflammatory skin disorders that occur during pregnancy or immediately postpartum. This heterogenous group of disorders includes pemphigoid gestationis, polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, atopic eruption of pregnancy, and pustular psoriasis of pregnancy. In this article, we provide a comprehensive literature review of each condition focusing on nomenclature, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, maternal risk, fetal risk, and treatment. We aim to increase awareness and help clinicians recognize, diagnose, and manage these unique conditions.
No delay in care of ambulatory orthopaedic fractures observed during the early Coronavirus-2019 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Martin David , Bindner Corey , Dawson John , Mitchell Scott , Perkins Christopher , Atassi Omar
Published: September 2022

Background:

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of social distancing orders on ambulatory orthopaedic fracture care at a level 1 trauma center during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:

All ambulatory orthopaedic fractures that presented to the author’s Level 1 trauma center were analyzed retrospectively between December 2019 and June 2020. Patients were divided into prepandemic (n=377) and pandemic (n=224) groups based on the date of presentation. Primary outcomes included new ambulatory fracture volume, and time to presentation and surgery. Secondary outcomes included fracture type and clinic no-show rates.

Results:

In the first 8 wk after the pandemic began, there was a 60.8% decrease in new patients with ambulatory fractures (24.6/week pre-pandemic, 9.63/week during the first 8 wk, P=0.001). The presentation rate of patients with new ambulatory fractures returned to the prepandemic baseline after the first 8 wk of the pandemic. No significant difference in time to presentation or surgery was noted between groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the presentation rate of the most commonly treated fracture types (ankle, distal radius, hand, or foot) between groups. There was a statistically significant increase in overall clinic no-show rate during the pandemic period.

Conclusions:

An initial decrease in ambulatory fracture volume was seen during the first 8 wk of the COVID-19 pandemic. No delay in time to presentation or time to surgery was seen between groups. After the first 8 wk of the pandemic, a return to normal ambulatory fracture volume was seen.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Arthroscopic treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation: a retrospective case series
Authors: Serri Rahmatollah , Farahanchi Baradaran Amir , Mirzaee Fateme , Zafarani Zohreh , Aslani Hamidreza
Published: September 2022

Background:

Acromioclavicular joint dislocation (ACJD) is a common shoulder injury that can be classified into six types using the Rockwood classification. Surgical management of type III ACJD remains controversial.

Methods:

The authors performed a retrospective review of 36 patients who underwent surgical management of their type III ACJD using an arthroscopic technique with an EndoButton (Smith & Nephew, Watford, UK). Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years and assessed by University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score and radiographs. The average follow-up period was 3.8 yr (2 to 6 yr); all patients were between 20 and 65 yr old.

Results:

There was no recurrence of dislocation or subluxation. All patients reached a normal range of motion by the final follow-up. No significant pain was reported after the surgery. UCLA score improved to an average of 31.73±3.05 at final follow-up.

Conclusions:

The surgical management of type III ACJD with arthroscopic EndoButton fixation leads to satisfactory patient outcomes with a low complication rate.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Dynamic hip screw with stabilization plate in unstable intertrochanteric fractures: a case series
Authors: Lotfy Sherif Adel , El Nor Tarek Abo , Romeih Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Background:

Unstable intertrochanteric fractures represent about 60% of all trochanteric fractures. Dynamic hip screw alone in an unstable fracture pattern has a high failure rate of about 50%. Proximal femoral nail is technically a difficult surgery and has complications including nail failure, femoral shaft fracture, malreduction, screw cut-out, and nonunion. Putting a buttress like a trochanteric-stabilization plate acts as a support to the dynamic hip screw and gives good lateral wall buttress, which prevents excessive shaft medialization.

Methods:

Twenty-one patients with closed unstable trochanteric fractures were treated by dynamic hip screw with trochanteric stabilization plate.

Results:

According to the modified Harris Hip Scoring system, 11 patients had excellent results, five patients had good results, four patients had fair results, and one patient had a poor result.

Conclusions:

The dynamic hip screw with trochanteric stabilization plate provides a stable construct for unstable intertrochanteric fractures as it gives a good lateral wall buttress which prevents excessive fracture collapse, femoral shaft medialization, and consecutive limb shortening. It effectively supports the unstable greater trochanteric fragment and can maintain the lever arm with adequate abductor strength.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Effects of health coaching on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal and perimenopausal women
Authors: Shokri-Ghadikolaei Alemeh , Bakouei Fatemeh , Delavar Mouloud Agajani , Azizi Alireza , Sepidarkish Mahdi
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to determine the effects of health coaching on reducing menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal and perimenopausal women.

Methods

This randomized controlled study was performed on 94 postmenopausal and perimenopausal women aged 45 to 55 years. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, health coaching was performed in five coaching sessions biweekly (30-45 minutes each) by a midwifery coach. The primary outcome of this study was the menopausal score based on the modified Kupperman Index at 4 months after randomization. Depression (based on Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale), physical activity (based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire), quality of life (based on the 12-Item Short-Form Survey), smoking, alcohol intake, and anthropometric indices were also evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Results

There was a significant mean difference between the coaching and control groups in terms of change in the scores of menopausal symptoms from baseline (T0) to 4 months after the intervention (T1; −12.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], −10.59 to −14.42; P = 0.001). Moreover, a significant mean difference was observed between the two groups in terms of change in depression symptoms from T0 to T1 (−5.72; 95% CI, −7.61 to −3.83; P < 0.001) and in terms of quality of life (4.13; 95% CI, 2.95 to 5.31; P < 0.001). Health coaching, however, had no effects on the physical activity of the participants.

Conclusion

Based on the present results, the coaching intervention is a suitable method to improve quality of life by reducing weight, waist circumference, body mass index, depression, and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal and perimenopausal women. It can have important effects on the development of health promotion programs to reduce menopausal symptoms in menopause clinics.
Group Vestibular Rehabilitation Program: A Cost-Effective Outpatient Management Option for Dizzy Patients
Authors: Han Jae Sang , Park Jung Mee , Kim Yeonji , Seo Jae-Hyun , Park So Young , Park Shi Nae
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of our novel group vestibular rehabilitation therapy (G-VRT) and to analyze the factors affecting outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Patients

Patients with chronic dizziness who received G-VRT between December 2019 and July 2020.

Intervention

The G-VRT program consisted of a 1-hour physical therapy session by an otologist in a small group setting.

Main Outcome Measures

Dizziness Handicap Inventory, visual analog scale, functional level scales, and video head impulse test, as well as the compliance to the program, were evaluated.

Results

All scores of dizziness questionnaires were significantly improved after G-VRT (p < 0.001). The overall vestibule-ocular reflex gain calculated by video head impulse test increased compared to the initial scores, whereas the average PR scores of all three semicircular canals significantly decreased from the initial scores, indicating enhanced vestibular compensation (p < 0.05). Enrolled patients showed high compliance to the program.

Conclusion

G-VRT program is a cost-effective and efficient way to provide relief for chronic dizzy patients. Further case-control studies in a larger group, as well as comparative studies with generic or customized vestibular exercise, will be needed to validate the clinical value of G-VRT.
Electrode Impedance Fluctuations and Sudden Decline in Cochlear-Implant Benefit
Authors: Pitt Cache , Nagaraj Naveen K. , Salisbury Anna
Published: September 2022

Objective

The main objective of this clinical capsule was to outline the narrative of three teen cochlear implant (CI) users who experienced a sudden increase in their CI electrode impedance values, which coincided with decreased overall speech perception ability. In addition, the study explored the following questions: Are there any similarities between cases? What recommendations should be made for continuing treatment regarding these cases?

Patients

Three teenagers who reported sudden change in CI benefit were included in this study.

Interventions

Electrode impedance values and speech identification scores were obtained routinely during the CI mapping appointments. Specifically, word and sentence recognition scores were obtained using the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant word list and the AZBio sentence test, respectively. Both patient 1 and patient 2 underwent CI reimplantation operations as a result of their perceived difficulties and decreased impedances. Patient 3 did not undergo reimplantation surgery.

Main Outcomes

All three patients' CI electrode impedances and speech perception scores eventually stabilized over time. No relationship could be drawn between revision surgery and stabilization of CI electrode impedances and speech perception scores.

Conclusions

Overall, we found no similarities between cases that could potentially explain the sudden electrode impedance value increase or the decrease in speech perception scores. Each case should be evaluated uniquely and carefully for CI revision operations by frequent monitoring, including mapping and speech perception testing. The most common factor contributing to each teen's eventual resolution of electrode impedance values and speech perception scores was time.
Synchronous or collision solid neoplasms and lymphomas: A systematic review of 308 case reports
Authors: Parra-Medina Rafael , Rocha Franky , Castañeda-González Juan Pablo , Moreno-Lucero Paula , Veloza Luis , Romero-Rojas Alfredo E.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The presence of a lymphoma associated with a solid synchronous neoplasm or collision neoplasm has been rarely in the literature, and a detailed characterization of these cases is lacking to date.

Objective:

To describe the main clinicopathological features of synchronous/collision tumors.

Methods:

A systematic search in PubMed, Scielo, and Virtual Health Library literature databases for cases or case series of synchronous or collision lymphoma and other solid neoplasms reported up to March 2021 was performed. Three reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. The systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results:

Mean age of patients was 62.9 years (52.9% men). A total of 308 cases were included (62% synchronous and 38% collision). The most frequent location of both synchronous and collision tumors was the gastrointestinal tract with the most common solid neoplasm being adenocarcinoma, and the most frequent lymphoma diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (21.7%) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (20.4%). Of the total number of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinomas, the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was documented in 47.3% of them. Only 2% of all cases had a previous history of lymphoma. Thus, in most cases (98%), lymphoma was discovery incidentally. In addition, nodal lymphoma was associated with metastasis in 29 (9.4%) cases as collision tumor, most commonly (90%) in locoregional lymph nodes of the solid neoplasm.

Conclusions:

The frequent association of some type of B-cell lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in synchronous/collision tumors of the gastrointestinal tract points to common pathogenic mechanisms in both neoplasia, particularly related to chronic inflammation in this location. In most cases, lymphoma identified in locoregional lymph nodes or distant of a carcinoma seems to represent an incidental finding during the carcinoma diagnostic/therapeutic approach. A synergy between carcinoma and lymphoma (involving inflammation and immunosuppression mechanisms) may favor tumor progression and dissemination. A better understating of the interactions lymphoma/carcinoma in the setting of synchronous/collision tumors may help to improve patient management and prognosis.
Can flunarizine be used routinely as the first option for childhood headache treatment?: Flunarizine and childhood headache
Authors: Çirakli Sevgi
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of headache in childhood increases due to environmental factors. Various risk factors in children whose playgrounds are restricted outside and therefore remain inactive. So diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the experience of flunarizine in childhood headache with a focus on efficacy and success.

We conducted a retrospective observational study of 185 pediatric patients at the tertiary pediatric emergency and pediatric neurology unit between May 2018 and May 2020. Patients with headache for >15 days of a month for at least 3 months were included in the study, whether or not receiving treatment. Also, all patients who had an adequate follow-up period were included in the study. All patients were evaluated by history, physical–neurological examination, blood tests, blood pressure, eye examination, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging. All data were evaluated statistically.

Ninety-eight (53%) of 185 cases were female and 87 (47%) were male. Average age was 11.4 years (min–max, 4–17). There was family history in 51.3% of the cases. The most frequent applicants were in the autumn season (43%), when schools were opened. Organic causes were hypertension in 1 case, brain tumor in 1 case, and papilledema due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension in 2 cases. The other cases were asked to make a 1-month pain chart and grading according to the visual analog scale. In this process, it was stated that painkillers could be used if needed. At the end of the first month, these patients were reevaluated. Flunarizine treatment was initiated in 95 patients who had to use painkillers for >4 times and who described ≥6 pain score according to the visual analog scale. The treatment was discontinued due to sleepiness and weakness in 2 patients. At the end of the third month, a 50% reduction in headache was observed in 82 cases (86.3%).

We used flunarizine as the first choice in all patients and we achieved a high rate of treatment success. Flunarizine can be considered as an alternative option for headache management in terms of low side effects, easy accessibility, and compliance with treatment.
Clinical effects of a new dispatcher-assisted basic life support training program in a metropolitan city
Authors: Park Gwan Jin , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do , Hong Ki Jeong , Kim Tae Han , Park Yu Mi , Kong Joyce
Published: September 2022

This study estimates the effect of a new dispatcher-assisted basic life support training program on the survival outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Before-and-after intervention trials were conducted in Seoul. Patients who suffered OHCA in a private place from January 2014 to December 2017 were included. The intervention group was 3 districts; the other 22 districts were regarded as the control group. The primary outcome was survival up to hospital discharge. The difference-in-difference (DID) was calculated to evaluate changes in the survival outcomes of the 2 groups over the period.

A total of 10,127 OHCA patients were included in the final analysis. OHCA patients in the intervention group were less likely to receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (57.8% vs 61.1%; P = .02) and showed lower survival outcomes (5.7% vs 6.4% for survival up to hospital discharge; P = .34 and 2.8% vs 3.7% for good neurological recovery; P = .11), but this was not statistically significant. Compared to 2014, good neurological recovery in 2017 was significantly improved in the intervention group (DID for good neurological recovery = 3.2%; 0.6–5.8). There were no statistically significant differences in return of spontaneous circulation and survival up to hospital discharge between the 2 groups (DID for survival to discharge was 1.8% [−1.7 to 5.3] and DID for return of spontaneous circulation was −2.5% [−9.8 to 4.8]).

Improvement in neurological recovery was observed in the 3 districts after implementing the new dispatcher-assisted basic life support training program.
Low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral naïve individuals in Botswana
Authors: Maruapula Dorcas , Seatla Kaelo K. , Morerinyane Olorato , Molebatsi Kesaobaka , Giandhari Jennifer , de Oliveira Tulio , Musonda Rosemary M. , Leteane Melvin , Mpoloka Sununguko W , Rowley Christopher F. , Moyo Sikhulile , Gaseitsiwe Simani
Published: September 2022

Background:

Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who experience virological failure (VF) after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation may have had low-frequency drug resistance mutations (DRMs) at cART initiation. There are no data on low-frequency DRMs among cART-naïve HIV-positive individuals in Botswana.

Methods:

We evaluated the prevalence of low-frequency DRMs among cART-naïve individuals previously sequenced using Sanger sequencing. The generated pol amplicons were sequenced by next-generation sequencing.

Results:

We observed low-frequency DRMs (detected at <20% in 33/103 (32%) of the successfully sequenced individuals, of whom four also had mutations detected at >20%. K65R was the most common low-frequency DRM detected in 8 individuals. Eighty-two of the 103 individuals had follow-up viral load data while on cART. Twenty-seven of the 82 individuals harbored low-frequency DRMs. Only 12 of 82 individuals experienced VF. The following low-frequency DRMs were observed in four individuals experiencing VF: K65R, K103N, V108I, and Y188C. No statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of low-frequency DRMs between individuals experiencing VF (4/12) and those not experiencing VF (23/70) (P = .97). However, individuals with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-associated low-frequency DRMs were 2.68 times more likely to experience VF (odds ratio, 2.68; 95% confidential interval, 0.4–13.9) compared with those without (P = .22).

Conclusion:

Next-generation sequencing was able to detect low-frequency DRMs in this cohort in Botswana, but these DRMs did not contribute significantly to VF.
Comparison of pressure resistance of double-rows and triple-rows circular stapler in rectal double stapling technique: In vitro study
Authors: Mazaki Junichi , Katsumata Kenji , Udo Ryutaro , Tago Tomoya , Kasahara Kenta , Kuwabara Hiroshi , Enomoto Masanobu , Ishizaki Tetsuo , Nagakawa Yuichi , Tsuchida Akihiko
Published: September 2022

Background:

Anastomotic leak after gastrointestinal anastomosis is a serious complication. Anastomotic failure depends on various parameters. The aim of our study was to evaluate the pressure resistance of a new device, EEA™ circular stapler with Tri-Staple™ technology 28 mm Medium/Thick (Triple-rows circular stapler; TCS) compared with EEA™ circular stapler with DST series™ technology 28 mm, 4.8 mm staples (double-rows circular stapler; DCS).

Patients and methods:

We performed 30 anastomoses (DSC: 15, TCS: 15) of DST with porcine colon model in vitro. We performed following 3 comparative experiences; Experiment 1: observation of staple shape with a colonoscopy, Experiment 2: comparison of the pressure resistance, Experiment 3: comparison of leakage points.

Results:

There was no hypoplasia of staples and the shapes were well-formed by colonoscopy. The leakage pressure of DCS was 19.6 ± 4.4 mm Hg (mean ± standard deviation) and that of TCS was 38.6 ± 10.2 mm Hg (mean ± standard deviation). There was a significantly difference between 2 groups (P < .001). 12 cases of DCS (80%) and 10 cases of TCS (66.7%) had leakages from Circular stapler point. 2 cases of DCS (13.3%) and 5 cases of TCS (33.3%) had leakages from Crossing points. Only 1 case of DCS had leakages from Dog ear point (6.7%). There was no significantly difference in leakage site between 2 groups (P = .195).

Conclusions:

TSC showed high pressure resistance during DST compared with that of DCS. It was suggested that TCS may contribute to the reduction of anastomotic leakage rate.