bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actualidad de la renovación pedagógica en la Comunidad de Madrid: un estudio a través de centros escolares representativos
Authors: Gómez Francisco Javier Pericacho , Andrés-Candelas Mario
Published: March 2018

Resumen La historia de la renovación pedagógica española alberga una extensa y plural actividad que constata la búsqueda de una escuela configurada no solo con finalidad académica, sino también entendida como motor de transformación personal, cultural y social. Son numerosos los centros educativos que a lo largo de la historia española evidencian esta búsqueda, construyendo una mirada socio-educativa crítica e innovadora sobre la educación. A lo largo del artículo se estudian once centros escolares de educación primaria, representativos de la renovación pedagógica, que estaban activos durante el curso académico 2012-2013 en la Comunidad de Madrid. La investigación se ha realizado a través del estudio de bibliografía destacada, entrevistas a miembros significativos, observaciones de centros y análisis de contenido de proyectos educativos. Se establecen dos ejes de análisis: metodología e ideario pedagógico de los centros y principales dificultades en la realización de su proyecto educativo. Los resultados muestran que cada uno de los centros refleja una singularidad educativa propia. Sin embargo, todos revelan múltiples aspectos educativos comunes que ponen en cuestión elementos muy arraigados en la cultura pedagógica española, a saber: libro de texto como material exclusivo de trabajo, escasa participación de padres y madres, y por último, clase magistral como único método de relación pedagógica.
Cinema, educação e imaginários contemporâneos: estudos hermenêuticos sobre distopia, niilismo e afirmação nos filmes O som ao redor, O cavalo de Turim e Sono de inverno
Authors: Almeida Rogério de
Published: March 2018

Resumo O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de pesquisa pós-doutoral2 que teve como objetivo estudar a relação entre cinema, educação e os imaginários contemporâneos da distopia, do niilismo e da afirmação por meio da investigação hermenêutica de três filmes da presente década: O som ao redor (2012), do brasileiro Kleber Mendonça Filho; O cavalo de Turim (2011), do húngaro Béla Tarr; e Sono de inverno (2014), do turco Nuri Bilge Ceylan. O artigo apresenta uma síntese da fundamentação educativa do cinema a partir de sete eixos – cognitivo, filosófico, estético, mítico, existencial, antropológico e poético –, justifica as opções metodológicas adotadas e a abordagem hermenêutico-simbólica, para então efetuar a análise dos referidos filmes em confrontação com os imaginários contemporâneos. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os três enfoques selecionados – distopia, niilismo e afirmação –, embora distintos entre si, não aparecem isoladamente nos filmes, mas matizados. Assim, O som ao redor não é puramente distópico, mas, em certa medida, também niilista; N’O cavalo de Turim, o imaginário niilista é acompanhado de certo grau de afirmação; e Sono de inverno só atinge a afirmação depois de percorrer degraus niilistas. Como conclusão, é possível sustentar que o contemporâneo se apresenta multifacetado, espaço de tensão de forças imaginário-discursivas que disputam uma imagem de mundo.
Variation in the body growth parameters of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata from morphodynamically distinct sandy beaches
Authors: Pombo Maíra , Turra Alexander
Published: March 2018

Abstract Investigations of patterns of distribution of sandy beach macrofauna show that dissipative beaches tend to concentrate higher richness and biomass at the intertidal zone, as well as better fitness and larger sizes of a species, than reflective beaches. For supralittoral crustaceans, these trends are inverted, as predicted by the habitat safety hypothesis (HSH). For ghost-crabs, however, higher population abundance has been observed on dissipative beaches, but their life-history traits and the response to different beach morphologies were not well defined. Here, variation in crab size and growth was evaluated over a one year period using indirect measures from three low-impact beaches on the northern coast of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. These beaches represent the three basic types of morphodynamics: dissipative (Costa beach), intermediate (Felix beach) and reflective (Puruba beach). At each site, five 2m wide transects were randomly selected each month, and assessed across the crabs' entire area of occurrence. The fit of the von Bertalanffy body growth model was compared among sites. For all three beaches, a main mode due to the settlement of juveniles (mm) was identified in August and September. In the following summer, according to growth estimates, the settlement group would be approximately the same size as the main mode (mm) that was recorded during the previous summer. Specifically, the growth parameters estimated were: Costa (dissipative) L∞= 46.36mm, K= 0.90year-1 and t0= -0.19; Félix (intermediate) L∞= 57.95mm, K= 0.87year-1 and t0= -0.12; Puruba (reflective) L∞= 53.01mm, K= 1.11year-1 and t0= -0.07. The body growth adjustments were similar between Puruba and Felix, but distinct from Costa. Growth performance indexes ranged from 3.29 (Costa) to 3.46 (Félix) and 3.49 (Puruba), indicating both the homogeneity of this parameter among distinct beaches and close agreement between the intermediate and reflective beaches. This study suggests that variations in the development of ghost crabs concur with those observed for other supralittoral, crustaceans and the habitat safety hypothesis, with higher individual fitness for reflective beaches.
Spatial and seasonal changes in benthic macrofauna from two dissipative sandy beaches in eastern Brazil)
Authors: Coutinho Mariane Silva , Bernardino Angelo Fraga
Published: March 2018

Abstract Sandy beaches are dynamic ecosystems with strong interaction of sediments, waves and tidal energy, with marked effects on benthic assemblages. Although there are numerous efforts in understanding spatial-temporal variation of benthic macrofauna on sandy beaches along the southern and southeastern Marine Ecoregions in Brazil, there is poor sampling along beaches of the Eastern Marine Ecoregion (EME). Here we examined spatial and temporal scales of variability in benthic macrofauna (> 500 µm) through a hierarchical sampling of two dissipative sandy beaches within the EME between two seasons (winter 2011 and summer 2012). We tested the hypothesis that spatial changes (i.e., meters to hundreds of meters scales) in the structure of benthic assemblages will be more pronounced compared to the weak seasonal fluctuations at this tropical region. We found weak temporal and spatial changes in sediment grain size and beach slope, but differences in macrofaunal assemblages were evident. Contrary to our hypothesis, hierarchical sampling indicated significant changes in macrofaunal composition and density at multiple local scales (meters to hundreds of meters) and on seasonal scales. The macrofauna density and composition was directly related to changes on the sediment organic matter and grain size.
Blooms of bryozoans and epibenthic diatoms in an urbanized sandy Beach (Balneário Camboriú - SC - Brazil): dynamics, possible causes and biomass characterization
Authors: Rörig Leonardo Rubi , Ottonelli Maevi , Itokazu Ana Gabriela , Maraschin Marcelo , Lins João Vitor Heberle , Abreu Paulo Cesar Vergne , Almeida Maria Tereza Rojo de , Ramlov Fernanda , D'Oca Marcelo , Ramalho Laís Vieira , Diehl Fernando Luiz , Horta Júnior Paulo Antunes , Pereira Filho Jurandir
Published: March 2018

Abstract Balneário Camboriu (SC - Brazil) is a touristic city where the disordered growth of the urban population and the implementation of coastal works without proper evaluation generated environmental impacts and affected the sanitary quality of water and sediment of Camboriu River and marine adjacent area. One of the most recent and alarming phenomena observed are the blooms of invasive bryozoans (Arboscuspis bellula and Membraniporopsis tubigera) associated with epibenthic diatoms (Amphitetras antediluviana and Biddulphia biddulphiana). Several clues associate these phenomena, started in 2003, with the excess of nutrients and organic matter in the Camboriú cove and large coastal works such as dredging, landfills and construction of jetties, leading to changes in benthic ecological structure. Being an aesthetic and environmental health problem, the concern of the scientific community and government agencies intensified as the occurrences become more frequent and persistent. This research addresses this issue through environmental and experimental studies. Samplings of the benthic material collected by boat and diving, and blooms monitoring were the environmental approach. The laboratory work included the algal isolation and culture, in addition to growth conditions assessment and chemical biomass analysis. Monitoring data showed a seasonal trend in the blooms, with more conspicuous events in warmer months. Diatoms increase in abundance in colder months and bryozoans in the warmer ones. The diatom A. antediluviana, predominant in the blooms, grew satisfactorily in laboratory cultivation, showing better growth in media with higher concentrations of silicate and phosphate. Bryozoans showed slow growth in laboratory conditions. The deposited material collected in the environment showed low concentrations of saturated fatty acids, but the high biomass suggest a possible use for biofuels production. Biomass samples dominated by bryozoans showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The explanation for the occurrence of these blooms are still inconclusive, but there is considerable evidence that it is a synergistic effect between the high concentration of bacteria and organic debris in the water related to local pollution and the elimination of natural competitors by coastal works.
Ecophysiological and biochemical variation of the surf zone diatom asterionellopsis glacialis sensu lato from Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil
Authors: Rörig Leonardo Rubi , Honorato Milena Camargo , Itokazu Ana Gabriela , Macedo Carolina Ximenes de , Deschamps Francisco , Lins João Vitor Heberle , Maraschin Marcelo , Ramlov Fernanda , Gressler Pablo Diego , Pereira Filho Jurandir
Published: March 2018

Abstract Patches formed by dense accumulations of diatoms in the surf zone (surf diatoms) are common on sandy beaches with intermediate to dissipative morphodynamic states. Their appearances are correlated with environmental factors such as the passage of cold fronts when onshore winds increase beach hydrodynamics, resuspending epibenthic stocks and accumulating them through the inner surf zone. In Santa Catarina state, Southern Brazil, two beaches are known to have frequent occurrence of accumulations of the surf diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis sensu lato: Rincão Beach (28°50' S) and Navegantes Beach (26°52' S). The high biomass of this alga and its central importance in the trophic structure of the coastal ecosystems suggest studies about its potential applications. In the present study, strains of A. glacialis were isolated, cultured under different conditions and evaluated for ecophysiological aspects: growth rate under different conditions, potential biological activities of exudates, biomass and lipid content, and fatty acid profile. A. glacialis cells in culture showed deformation, which were ameliorated by using agitation and silicon and phosphorus enriched culture media. Exudates of the strains showed no allelopathic effects, although previous studies have indicated activity. Lipid content showed variation depending on the strain and culture media. Values ranged from 9% to 13.6% by dry weight. In all strains saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified. Some hypotheses were proposed to explain the variation of the lipid contents, fatty acid profiles and physiological features between strains of the same species. We believe that the fatty acids profile of this primary producer has important consequences in the sandy beach ecology.
Assessing the sediment quality of the Laje de Santos marine state park and other marine protected areas of the central coast of São Paulo (Brazil)
Authors: Abessa Denis , Vicente Thaisa Marques , Moreira Lucas Buruaem , Morais Lucas Gonçalves , Cruz Ana Carolina Feitosa , Massonetto Mirella , Campos Bruno Galvão de , Bícego Márcia Caruso , Taniguchi Satie , Hortellani Marcos Antonio , Sarkis Jorge Eduardo de Souza
Published: March 2018

Abstract In this study, the quality of sediments from three Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) located on the coast of São Paulo (Laje de Santos Marine State Park - PEMLS; Xixova-Japui State Park - XJSP; and Central Coast Marine Protection Area - APAMLC) was assessed. Four sampling surveys were conducted (September/October 2013; January 2014; July 2014; January 2015). Sediment samples were collected at10 sites, distributed along the 3 MPAs. Samples were analyzed for sediment texture, total organic carbon, CaCO3, metals, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and for whole-sediment and sediment-water interface toxicities. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to integrate data. Most of the sediments exhibited low concentrations of chemicals, with the exception of those from P2 (APAMLC) where moderate levels of contaminants were detected. Sediments from P7 and P9 (PEMLS) occasionally showed signs of petroleum hydrocarbons. The other sediments showed no relevant contamination but presented variable toxicity, especially those of bioclastic composition. The PCA indicated a contribution of the sediment properties to the toxicities, especially the CaCO3. In bioclastic sediments, toxicity might be due to physical causes by or any indirect factor such as the presence of ammonia. It was concluded that both natural and anthropic factors are causing toxicity in sediments from the MPAs studied.
Assessing legacy contaminants in sediments from marine protected areas of the central coast of São Paulo (Brazil)
Authors: Moreira Lucas Buruaem , Vicente Thaisa Marques , Taniguchi Satie , Hortellani Marcos Antonio , Sarkis Jorge Eduardo Souza , Bícego Marcia Caruso , Abessa Denis Moledo de Souza
Published: March 2018

Abstract The presence of legacy contaminants in sediments from three Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of the coast of São Paulo State was evaluated. Four sampling surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2015 in 10 sites, distributed along the Laje de Santos Marine and Xixova-Japui State Parks (PEMLS and XJSP, respectively) and Central Coast Marine Protection Area (APAMLC). Samples were analyzed for sediment texture, total organic carbon, CaCO3, metals (Al, Fe, Hg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AH and PAH). Sediments were generally sandy (excepting muddy samples from APAMLC), with variable amounts of TOC, OM and CaCO3. Most of the sediments exhibited low to moderate concentrations of metals, except APAMLC. Low contamination of sediments by hydrocarbons was found but samples from XLSP and APAMLC exhibited the highest concentrations of biogenic AH and PAH from pyrogenic sources. In APAMLC and PEMLS, the levels of metals can be considered as background levels according to geochemical indices (Igeo and EF). In XJSP and especially in APAMLC data indicated poor sediment quality, probably due to the effect of anthropic activities.
Plankton in waters adjacent to the Laje de Santos state marine conservation park, Brazil: spatio-temporal distribution surveys
Authors: Bueno Marília , Alberto Samantha Fernandes , Carvalho Renan de , Costa Tânia Marcia , Ciotti Áurea Maria , Christofoletti Ronaldo Adriano
Published: March 2018

Abstract The coastal marine plankton plays a major role in ecosystem functioning by linking pelagic and benthonic environments through energy fluxes. Understanding the dynamic of planktonic organisms is also crucial for conservation and management purposes. Plankton was sampled at ten sites in the waters of the PEMLS and the adjacent area, on four different occasions through 2013 and 2015 in order to identify key planktonic groups and protocols for long-term monitoring. Ninety taxa of zooplanktonic organisms were found with holoplanktonic copepods and cladocerans dominating samples. Zooplankton biomass, mortality and taxonomic composition varied both in space and time. Surface chlorophyll-a concentrations varied spatio-temporally. A protocol for monitoring the plankton of the waters in and adjacent to the PEMLS is suggested based on biomass and mortality of zooplankton and biomass of phytoplankton using periodically in situ calibrated ocean color satellite imagery.
A preliminary analysis of the distribution and spatial/temporal patterns of seabirds in the Laje de Santos Marine State Park (Santos, Brazil) and surrounding waters
Authors: Fey Jésica Daniela , Neves Tatiana da Silva , Baraldo Kleber Barrionuevo , Peppes Fabiano
Published: March 2018

Abstract This study investigates the temporal taxonomic variation of the seabird community, and the spatial distributions of seabirds in the Laje de Santos Marine State Park (PEMLS) and surrounding waters, based on shipboard surveys. The increase in the number of seabird taxa during winter is associated to the presence of migratory birds from the south. During summer, only resident species were observed within the park. Analysis of the spatial distributions of taxa using geographic information systems (GIS) identified three different regions within the study area. The first was close to the coast, where birds interact with fishing activities in search for food; the second was the nesting area that provides shelter for the breeding colonies; and the third, which is farther offshore and more exposed, where a higher number of migratory birds were observed during winter surveys. The PEMLS and surrounding waters have characteristics that are important for the study and preservation of seabirds in Brazil and for the South Atlantic Ocean.
Currents on the continental shelf adjacent to the Laje de Santos (SP, Brazil)
Authors: Fontes Roberto Fioravanti Carelli , Castro Belmiro Mendes de
Published: March 2018

Abstract Analysis of current meter data permitted the elaboration of a description of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the continental shelf adjacent to Laje de Santos, a rocky islet located in the inner part of the São Paulo Continental Shelf (SPCS). The currents in the region are mainly driven by the synoptic winds, presenting bidirectional motions approximately parallel to the local isobaths at all levels, depending on the wind direction but with the predominance of those that leave the isobaths to the left. The tidal currents in this sector of the SPCS are more energetic in the direction perpendicular to the isobaths in comparison with the along isobath component and have the predominance of the semidiurnal oscillations.
Cetaceans using the marine protected area of "Parque Estadual Marinho da Laje de Santos", Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Marcos Cesar de Oliveira , Figueiredo Giovanna Corrêa e , Bressem Marie-Francoise Van
Published: March 2018

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of cetaceans in the waters surrounding the Marine Protected Area (MPA) known as “Parque Estadual Marinho da Laje de Santos (PEMLS)”, placed in coastal waters at the southeastern coast of Brazil. Boat-based surveys were conducted once a month from June 2013 to June 2015. A specific transect was followed to cover the area of the quoted MPA, as well as its borders. A total of 24 boat-surveys rendered 18 sightings of cetacean groups of the following species: Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) (12), rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) (2), common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) (1), Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) (2) and common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) (1). Sightings of S. frontalis, the commonest sighted species, was positively correlated with water depth (Mantel test; r = 0.8072; p < 0.05). Photoidentified individuals moved back and forth to inner and outer areas of the MPA, remaining in the area throughout the 2-year survey. “Paisley” cutaneous marks of unknown origin were reported in two common dolphins for the first time in local waters. As the PEMLS has been used as an important spot for SCUBA divers, it is recommended that cetacean sightings could still be gathered in a future partnership, as well as using the acoustics tool to detect their presence when researchers are not in the field.
Seasonal variation of nutrients and hydrological conditions in the State Marine Park of Laje de Santos (SMPLS) and adjacent continental shelf areas (South Atlantic Ocean - Brazil)
Authors: Braga Elisabete de Santis , Chiozzini Vitor Gonsalez , Vieira Chiara Machado
Published: March 2018

Abstract Marine parks constitute important areas for the conservation of marine life and the genetic heritage around the world. The creation of such marine parks must be accompanied by careful measures to guarantee the coexistence of natural biota and human activities in these systems. The State Marine Park of Laje de Santos (SMPLS) is so close to an industrial pole and urban area that its creation and maintenance is an example for humanity. However, no program has yet been installed for the monitoring of its biotic and abiotic water parameters. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide hydrological and hydrochemical parameters with emphasis on dissolved nutrients to establish a starting point for the monitoring of these waters. The presence of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) in the marine park during the spring and summer sampling periods was evidenced by the observation of low temperatures (< 17ºC) associated with salinity around 35 at the bottom of the water column, indicating a thermohaline feature. The dissolved oxygen presented high values, with few data below 4 mL L-1 occurring at the bottom of the water column. The pH was always in accordance with marine values (~8). Dissolved silicate and phosphate presented high values associated with inputs from the SACW intrusion, continental runoff and bottom resuspension processes, reaching maximum values of 15.86 and 1.23 µmol L-1, respectively. Nitrogen compounds were also associated with a natural fertilization process by the presence of the SACW at the bottom of the water column, as evidenced by the high nitrate concentrations (> 7.00 µmol L-1), while the concentration of N-ammonium (maximum 9.86 µmol L-1) demonstrated a rapid regeneration of the organic matter, mainly in the euphotic zone. Analysis of the data from summer periods revealed an annual difference, showing January 2014 to be drier than January 2015, which influenced the availability of some nutrients and the standard distribution of hydrochemical parameters in this region. The results of the distribution of hydrochemical parameters in the marine park confirms the preserved conditions of the seawater around the Laje de Santos, demonstrated by the excellent water quality, concluding the need to implant monitoring actions based on these reference data to preserve this important reserve of marine life.
Preliminary data on the occurrence of marine turtles in the Laje de Santos Marine State Park (SP, Brazil)
Authors: Luchetta Ana Carolina , Watanabe Luciana Erika Yaginuma
Published: March 2018

Abstract Although marine turtles have always been observed by divers, there are few scientific works on marine turtles in the Laje de Santos Marine State Park (PEMLS). Diurnal (bimonthly) and nocturnal (biannual) surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2015 for a more comprehensive study, totalizing 42 hours of diurnal observations and the capture of 41 turtles during nocturnal dives. During the diurnal surveys, visual observations were made from two land based sites (Paredão da Face Sul and Portinho). The numbers of heads (heads observed whether they are of the same turtle or not) and turtles (individuals observed in groups) were counted. The results showed the presence of marine turtles throughout the year. More turtles were observed from Paredão da Face Sul than from Portinho, the latter being a more sheltered point and a site preferred by divers. The nocturnal surveys consisted of the capture of turtles through scuba diving so they could be measured and weighed and tagged according to the guide-lines of the TAMAR project. Four nocturnal surveys were conducted and in the last survey three tagged turtles were captured, two of them having been tagged during this study. The measurements of these turtles indicated their growth during the study period.The present survey also highlighted the importance of the PEMLS as a feeding area for juvenile marine turtles.
Acuariidae (Nematoda) in Procellariiformes (Aves) on the southern coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Schramm Camila Costa , Mascarenhas Carolina Silveira , Gastal Silvia Bainy , Scheer Simone , Müller Gertrud , Robaldo Ricardo Berteaux
Published: March 2018

Abstract Acuariidae nematodes are normally found in the digestive tract of aquatic birds, including Procellariiformes. Were examined Calonectris borealis (n = 4), Diomedea exulans (n = 1), Macronectes giganteus (n = 8), Thalassarche chlororhynchos (n = 5), Thalassarche melanophrys (n = 15), Procellaria aequinoctialis (n = 4), Puffinus gravis (n = 2) and Puffinus puffinus (n = 6), collected on the southern coast of RS, Brazil. A total of 16 birds (35.5%) were parasitized by two species of Acuariidae. Stegophorus diomedeae and Seuratia shipleyi were identified, with prevalences of 26.1% and 21.7%, respectively. Few studies on nematodes in Procellariiformes have been conducted. Here, the acuariids Seuratia shipleyi in Calonectris borealis and Procellaria aequinoctialis and Stegophorus diomedeae in Diomedea exulans, Procellaria aequinoctialis and Thalassarche chlororhynchos were reported for the first time.
Neonchocotyle violantei n. sp. (Monogenea, Hexabothriidae) from Pseudobatos lentiginosus (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae) of Yucatán, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Quiterio-Rendon Guadalupe , Monks Scott , Pulido-Flores Griselda
Published: March 2018

Abstract Neonchocotyle violantei n. sp. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) infects the gill of the Atlantic guitarfish, Pseudobatos lentiginosus (Rhinopristiformes, Rhinobatidae) from littoral waters of Celestún, Yucatán, Mexico. It is assigned to Neonchocotyle because it has, among other features, an asymmetrical haptor, a seminal receptacle, a smooth oötype, and an egg with two elongate filaments. It differs from Neonchocotyle pastinacae, the only congener, by having a small body (821 long by 315 wide, length to width = 2.6:1), two pairs of microhooks between the haptoral appendix suckers, extracaecal (submarginal) vaginal pores, and 5-9 testes. This is the first record of a species of Neonchocotyle in the Gulf of Mexico, the first monogenean reported from P. lentiginosus in Mexico and the second species of Hexabothriidae reported from Mexico.
Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in captive canaries (Serinus canaria) using different diagnostic methods
Authors: Camargo Vinícius da Silva , Santana Bruna Nicoleti , Ferrari Elis Domingos , Nakamura Alex Akira , Nagata Walter Bertequini , Nardi Ana Rita Moraes , Meireles Marcelo Vasconcelos
Published: March 2018

Abstract This study used several diagnostic methods to examine the occurrence of and molecularly characterize Cryptosporidium spp. in captive canaries (Serinus canaria) in southern and southeastern Brazil. A total of 498 fecal samples were purified by centrifugal-flotation using Sheather's solution. Cryptosporidium spp. diagnosis was performed using three diagnostic methods: malachite green negative staining, nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene, followed by sequencing the amplified fragments, and duplex real-time PCR targeting the 18S rRNA specific to detect Cryptosporidium galli and Cryptosporidium avian genotype III. The overall positivity for Cryptosporidium spp. (total samples positive in at least one protocol) from the microscopic analysis, nested PCR and duplex real-time PCR protocol results was 13.3% (66/498). The positivity rates were 2.0% (10/498) and 4.6% (23/498) for Cryptosporidium spp. by microscopy and nested PCR, respectively. Sequencing of 20 samples amplified by nested PCR identified C. galli (3.0%; 15/498), Cryptosporidium avian genotype I (0.8%; 4/498) and Cryptosporidium avium (0.2%; 1/498). Duplex real-time PCR revealed a positivity of 7.8% (39/498) for C. galli and 2.4% (12/498) for avian genotype III. Malachite green negative staining differed significantly from nested PCR in detecting Cryptosporidium spp. Duplex real-time PCR was more sensitive than nested PCR/sequencing for detecting gastric Cryptosporidium in canaries.
Control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes using the combination of Duddingtonia flagrans and Levamisole Hydrochloride 5%
Authors: Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Braga Fabio Ribeiro , Vieira Vanessa Diniz , Lucena Samuel Cavalcante de , Araújo Jackson Victor de
Published: March 2018

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the action of D. flagrans pellets in association with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% for controlling sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the northeastern Brazil. Three groups of six sheep each were formed: group 1 received 3 g of the pellets (0.6 g of D. flagrans mycelium) for each 10 kg b.w., twice a week for six months, and deworming with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% when EPG ≥ 1500; group 2 received a dosage of Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% when EPG ≥ 1500; and group 3 received 3 g of pellets without fungi for each 10 kg b.w., twice a week for six months. EPG counts, larval cultures, packed cell volume (PCV) and weighing were performed every 15 days; monthly, samples of grass from each paddock were collected. The mean EPG of the groups began to statistically differ from day 30 (p < 0.05). Group 1 required less deworming with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% and showed superiority of PCV values throughout the experiment (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in L3 recovery in the group 1 paddock from day 30 onwards. The use of D. flagrans pellets in association with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% was effective for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes.
Risk factors and anti-Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibody occurrence in dogs in João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Brasil Arthur Willian de Lima , Parentoni Roberta Nunes , Silva José Givanildo da , Santos Carolina de Sousa Américo Batista , Mota Rinaldo Aparecido , Azevedo Sérgio Santos de
Published: March 2018

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of infections due to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum and corresponding risk factors among dogs attended at veterinary clinics in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 384 dogs that were attended at 34 veterinary clinics between April 2015 and May 2016. These two agents were diagnosed through the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFAT). Among the 384 animals evaluated, 37 (9.6%) were positive for T. gondii, with titers ranging from 16 to 512. Six dogs (1.6%) were positive for N. caninum, with titers of 50 to 200. Access to the streets (OR = 4.60; 95% CI = 1.74-12.20) and environments close to forested areas (OR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.32-5.93) were found to be risk factors for T. gondii infection. The dogs attended at veterinary clinics in João Pessoa are exposed to infections caused by T. gondii and N. caninum. Dog owners should avoid having access to the street or contact with forest environments.
Atractis thapari (Nematoda, Atractidae) parasitizing Chelonoidis carbonarius and C. denticulatus (Testudinidae) in the state of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Leal Anangela Ravena da Silva , Freire Simone Mousinho , Knoff Marcelo , Gomes Delir Corrêa , Santos Jeannie Nascimento dos , Mendonça Ivete Lopes de
Published: March 2018

Abstract Atractis thapari Petter, 1966, an atractid nematode, was collected parasitizing the large intestine of tortoises of the species Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824) (Cc) and C. denticulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Cd) (Testudinidae) in the Zoobotanical Park of the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil. Taxonomic identification was based on morphological and morphometrical features, and using bright-field and scanning electron microscopy. The present study adds new observations on the morphology of A. thapari, mainly relating to mouth papillae, the excretory pore, deirids, and male and female posterior ends. The parasitic indices of prevalence (P), mean intensity (MI), mean abundance (MA) and range of infection (RI) for A. thapari in these two tortoise species were: P = 100%, MI = 154,667, MA = 154,667, RI = 5,500-588,500 (Cc); P = 100%, MI = 93,639, MA = 93,639, RI = 1,000-224,500 (Cd). This report confirms the occurrence of A. thapari in Neotropical region, South America, Brazil, and extends its occurrences to a new host, the tortoise C. carbonarius. Adjustment of host management with the aim of improving hygiene and health conditions is suggested.
Dynamics of natural infection by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in dairy cattle from an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Souza Francisco de Assis Leite , Liarte Alexandra de Siqueira Cajado , Castro Karina Neoob de Carvalho , Beserra Eduardo Esmeraldo Augusto , Bernardi Jéssica Cristianne Mazer , Sousa Gerlan Vieira de , Costa-Júnior Lívio Martins , Silva Silvana Maria Medeiros de Sousa
Published: March 2018

Abstract This study aimed to determine the dynamics of natural infection in the transmission of Babesia spp. to cattle in an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 30 calves located on two dairy farms to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and the timing of the primo-infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their association with climatic factors and management practices. On Farm A, the determination of primo-infection was observed on average at 249.4 (±24.42) days of age for B. bigemina and at 252.6 (±17.07) days of age for B. bovis; there was no significant difference between the times of infection (P> 0.05). The infection coincided with a period of high rainfall in the region. On Farm B, primo-infection infection was not observed. There was no infection by Babesia spp. on Farm B due to the intensive use of acaricides that led to an absence of ticks. There was no significant difference between the average PCV of animals from Farms A and B (P> 0.05). The management practices on the properties, in addition to the weather conditions influenced the exposure of the animals to disease vectors and may have contributed to the maintenance of this enzootic area in Northeastern Brazil.
Challenges and Opportunities in Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Part II
Authors: Bridgwater Tony
Published: March 2018

Fast pyrolysis for liquids has been developed in recent decades as a fast and flexible method to provide high yields of liquid products. An overview of this promising field is given, with a comprehensive introduction as well as a practical guide to those thinking of applying bio-oils or fast pyrolysis liquids in various applications. It updates the literature with recent developments that have occurred since the reviews cited herein. Part I gave an introduction to the background, science, feedstocks, technology and products available for fast pyrolysis (). Part II details some of the promising applications as well as pre-treatment and bio-oil upgrading options. The applications include use of bio-oil as an energy carrier, precursor to second generation biofuels, as a biorefinery concept and upgrading to fuels and chemicals.
TOTO-1 nucleic acid labeling protocol v1
Authors: L Woods April , Jason Smith G
Published: March 2018

A modified TOTO-1 iodide labeling protocol to enable visualization of nucleic acid loading efficiency, as a means to verify that nucleic acid constructs are entering the cells. With additional cleanupsteps todecrease background staining. A convenientassay to use in conjunction with transfection optimization. (Modified fromGolzio, M., Teissie, J. & Rols, M.P. 2002. Direct visualization at the single-cell level of electrically mediated gene delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 1292–1297.)
Pergeseran pola maqasid al-shari‘ah dari tradisional menuju modern: membaca pemikiran Jasser Auda
Authors: Munjin Nasih Ahmad
Published: March 2018

In study of Islamic law there is an interesting topic to discuss, that is maqasid al-shari‘ah. Recently some Muslim scholars study further the applying of principle of daruriyat al-khamsah in a legal problem. Unfortunately Islamic jurists often apply the principle of daruriyat al-khamsah independently apart from other sciences besides usul al-fiqh. Difficulties and failure in deciding many contemporary legal problems rise to the result. Jasser Audah, a Muslim scholar from Egypt and lives in London proposes new idea to cope with this problem. According to Audah, at first we must separate maqasid al-shari‘ah from usul alfiqh in order to be independent knowledge. Then we combine it with modern sciences in studying legal problem. Only through this method, Auda believes that Islamic law will be more adaptable with the changing situation. In order to do his idea in developing maqasid al-shari‘ah, Auda specifically suggests five steps, that are: validating all cognitios, holism, openness and self-renewal, multi-dimensionality, and purposefulness.
Konsepsi jihad dalam konteks kehidupanmodern: pemikiran Sayyid Sabiq dan Abu Bakar Jabir al-Jazayri
Authors: Shaffat Idri
Published: March 2018

Recently, the term of jihad has been used by certain people for improper purposes. At the time of theProphet and the classical Islamic period, jihad meant as an effort to uphold and fight for Islam with awealth, soul, body, mind, and  deeds. Nowdays certain people have been understanding and applyingthis term in the form of terror. They understand it solely as ‘the holy war’ against the unbelievers withparadise as a reward for martyrs who died for it. In the name of jihad, in this decade there are manybombings in Indonesia and other hemisphere. Bomb terrors not only occur in non-Muslim countriesbut also in Muslim countries which also cause Muslim victims. The question then is what are theiractions really the jihad as it is thought by Islam? To answer this question, this paper tries to explain theconcept of jihad in the perspective of two scholars who live in contemporary era, namely Sayyid Sabiqand Abu Bakr Jabir al-Jazayri by examining definition of jihad concept, legal basis and implementationof jihad, categories of jihad, and orientation of jihad understanding in the context of modern life.Through this study it is expected that the solution of jihad formulation  in the context of modern lifecan be  clarified and resolved.
Pelembagaan norma hukum Islam dalamperaturan daerah di Indonesia
Authors: Sirajuddin M
Published: March 2018

The main problem of this paper is how political policy direction of local government and communityresponse to the institutionalization of norms of Islamic law in Indonesia’s local regulations. This paperuses the theoretical framework of thought which devides three Islamic groups, namely ideologicalIslamic group, moral-ethical Islamic group, and the middle way of Islam. In this paper, the direction ofgovernment policy was oriented towards the third Islamic group’s concept which institutionalizes theShari’a as a rule of formal government, but most of the only aspects of private law only, while theresponse of the majority of the community is oriented in a second Islamic group which requires theinstitutionalization of religious ethical values  which the terms of Shari’ah institutionalized in thenational legal system. Therefore, the results of surveys and responses among Indonesian thinkers moreinquire the existence of the institutionalization of norms of Islamic law than accept it. However, if anyshould be institutionalized, they would prefer the public aspects of Shari’a which should be institution-alized and implemented.
Konstruksi sosial pernikahan beda agama dikalangan Muslim Tionghoa di Probolinggo
Authors: Syamhudi M. Hasyim
Published: March 2018

The reciprocal connection between religion and family life makes the topic of religious intermarriage ofparticular importance in the sociology of religion. This study was conducted to examine social phenom-ena of interreligious marriage which become popular among Moslems Chinese society in Probolinggo.The main purpose of this study will try to find, why Moslems Chinese society in Probolinggo performinterfaith marriage, which was all the long associated to be forbiden in both Islamic legal system andpossitive common law of Indonesia. In this research the researcher has difficulties to get proper infor-mation about religious behavior, especially about interfaith marriage problems. To solve this problem,the researcher asked for help from the leader of Persatuan Imam Tauhid Indonesia (PITI) Probolinggo,Mr. Irem Grok Sing to get access to main informans.This qualitative research used Berger’s theory ofsocial reconstruction process to explain phenomena. Interreligious marriage as a social discordance inProbolinggo Chinese Moslem community was predicted will expand faster. So there was need somedialogue between religious ideal concepts. In Islamic law, this phenomena can be understood as anactualization of the rahmatan li al-‘alamin mission.
Pembaruan pemikiran hukum keluargaIslam di Indonesia
Authors: Ismail Ismail
Published: March 2018

Islamic family law or ahwal al-shakhsiyyah has prevailed in Indonesia since the inception of the law no. 1year 1974 concerning with marriage and the compilation of Islamic law in Indonesia (KHI) in 1991.Islamic family law run in Indonesia is not exactly the same as those contained in the books of classicaljurisprudence (fiqh). From its materials has been found in the legislation, there are a number of newprovisions that was different from those classical Islamic jurisprudence such as in marriage record, agerestrictions of marriage, polygamy, inheritance and wasiah wajibah etc.  These new provisions were issuedby scholars and contemporary Islamic jurists in the context of law reform.
Bersanding dalam resepsi perkawinan:refleksi atas pandangan dan perilaku hukum di Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Helim Abdul
Published: March 2018

According to the seven marriage couples and three fatwa givers which become of the subjects of thestudy, the mixture of the place for the bride and the groom is prohibited (haram) because it can provokefitnah, there is tabarruj, ask for the highest bride price, focus more on the gifts, and money from theguests and the other people who spread out the yellow rice. The doers don’t know the legal argumentsand even taqlid to the fatwa givers but they don’t have reliable arguments. The doers only argue that lifeof men and women should be separated as in salat and there is no nas that allows the bride and thegroom to sit next to each other. Ikhtilat is allowed to do in the market or workplace because was practicedduring prophet Muhammad SAW’ life. This argument is weak and hard to accept and it traps us becausethere is a great potency of disadvantage between Ikhtilat in the market and work place compared toIkhtilat in wedding reception.
Fiqih Islam perspektif dialektika sosiologi pengetahuan: studi pemikiran hadis al-Shafi'i
Authors: Helmy Muhammad Irfan
Published: March 2018

The study of prophetic tradition which focuses on socio-historical perspectives must be conducted to explore a new perspectives of prophetic tradition studies. The science of Contradictive prophetic tradition which established by al-Syafii is a part of prophetic tradition sciences which can be analyzed with socio-historical perspectives. This article used a sociology of knowledge dialectic approach to find a socio-historical background of establishment of the Science of Contradictive prophetic tradition. This approach conclude that the framework of al-Syafii's Science of Contradictive prophetic tradition influenced by many thought on prophetic tradition which arose in al-Syafii's life especially the destructive one to the position of prophetic tradition in Islam. According to sociology of knowledge perspective, al-Syafii's science of Contradictive prophetic tradition must be open to receive a new contribution of methodology of prophetic tradition understanding.
Sistem penanggalan Hijriah Mohammad Shawkat Odeh
Authors: Nashirudin Muh.
Published: March 2018

This paper discusses the Hejric calendar system by Mohammad Shawkat Odeh, one of Muslim astrono-mers from the Islamic world who offers new criterion for lunar crescent’s visibility and the Hejriccalendar system. This article describes and analyzes some concepts proposed by Odeh concerning hisab(calculation) and rukyah (moon-sighting) such as criteria for the crescent visibility. The criteria offered byOdeh is the result of a long-time research (from 1859 – 2005 and totalled 737 observations). TheUniversal Hejric Calendar proposed by Odeh divides the world into two zones: the westerns zonecovers American continent and the eastern zone covers Asian, African, Australian, and European conti-nents. Although there are some problems caused by the division of zones, the idea that most ofMuslim countries includes in the same zone is expected to reduce the problem of dissimilarity indetermining the new moon. Consequently, the unification of the first date of the month and also theIslamic calendar is possible.
Rekonstruksi teori maslahah dan signifikansinya dalam pengembangan ekonomi Islam
Authors: Waluyo Nur Agus
Published: March 2018

The article  traces to find the significance of maslahah to solve Islamic economics problems in the ageof globalization. The age of globalization supported by information technologies revolution makes allaspects of human life changes rapidly especially in economic activities. Islamic economic developmentrequired ijtihad with respect to the reality. In the context of ijtihad, Islamic economic require to be wokeup in the frame of maqasid shari‘ah. Maslahah, as important part of maqasid, need to be placed proportion-ally. Benefit, maslahah, and benediction (falah) will be reached only if Islamic values and principles areimplemented in the economic behavior. Neglecting to one of them will make it cripple. Applycation ofeconomic principles without Islamic values will only give material benefit, while principal execution andvalue will bear benediction and benefit or maslahah eternity world. Therefore consumer whose applyingsufficiency principle in buying goods, will buy goods so that minimum requirement of him fufilled. Hewill sought to fulfill the requirement without require to look into the availibility of goods to others. Onthe contrary if only executed principle, hence it will yield earthly benefit.
Financing of HAJ Trough a Contract of Qardh (Loan) on Shari’a Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Sufmi Dasco
Published: March 2018

Haj Bailout Funds is a loan facility given by shari’abank to customers, which has aims to close the shortcomings of BPIH(Hajj Operational/ Investment Funds) in order to get hajj portion (seat). This Hajj bailout funds actually causes some mudharat, including the existing people who have not able to engage hajj (istitha’ah) are able to register for hajj, thus it makes the queue list for hajj becomes longer and longer that is about 10 years. The application of Qardh on shari’abanking based on MUI Fatwa No. 19/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 whose funds is sourced from capital share and profit set aside from Lembaga Keuangan Syariah/ LKS(Shari’a Financial Institution), and also other institutions and individuals who entrust their infaqdistribution through LKS. In 2011, MUI released a fatwa Qardh in No. 79/DSN-MUI/III/2011 whose funds source is from the customers. If it is compared to MUI fatwa 2001, this MUI fatwa 2011 possible can take more mudharatif there are some uncollectible qardh accounts receivables because its fund source is from the customers. The other mudhorotis when someone is not able to pay off the DHT, thus it creates a cancellation of hajj departure.