bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Senso de coerência e sua associação com o estresse e qualidade de vida em técnicos esportivos escolares
Authors: Barros Layanne de Oliveira , Dantas Dayane Nunes , Jesus Jefferson Lucas Marques de , Menezes Rosineide Mota , Lima Aluísio Henrique R de Andrade , Bastos Afrânio de Andrade
Published: April 2022

Introdução: o contexto esportivo exige dos indivíduos envolvidos uma capacidade em gerenciar situações estressantes em que ficam expostos. Os técnicos operam em um ambiente que impõe muitas pressões sobre eles. Assim, o estresse se manifesta na vida cotidiana como um fator que pode colocar em risco a saúde psicológica e física. Objetivo: analisar a influência da percepção da qualidade de vida e o estresse sobre o senso de coerência em técnicos esportivos. Metodologia: Foram 137 técnicos esportivos de clubes e/ou equipes escolares da cidade de Aracaju, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de ± 36,5 anos, que responderam aos questionários de Antonovsky, o Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp e o questionário de estado da saúde SF-36. Resultado: destacamos 60,3% (n=83) dos técnicos não apresentaram a sintomatologia do estresse. Observou-se uma correlação moderada e inversamente proporcional (r= - 0,412, p ≤ 0,001) entre o SC e o Estresse. Foi possível identificar uma correlação fraca entre o SC e aspectos emocionais (r= 0,289, p ≤ 0,001); saúde mental (r= 0,278, p ≤ 0,001) e aspectos físicos (r= 0,219, p ≤ 0,05). No entanto entre SC e Dor (r= 0,432, p ≤ 0,001); Estado geral (r= 0,532, p ≤ 0,001) e Aspectos Sociais (r= 0,555, p ≤ 0,001) observamos uma correlação moderada e diretamente proporcional. Conclusão: o estresse e alguns domínios da qualidade de vida como a dor, estado geral e aspetos sociais são relevantes para a determinação do senso de coerência em técnicos esportivos.
Glucose, urea, and creatinine laboratory tests in people starting antiretroviral therapy with dolutegravir or efavirenz: a cohort study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Authors: Cesar Jorgino Julio , Silveira Micheline Rosa , Souza Cléssius Ribeiro de , Penido Henrique Pereira de Aguilar , Fernandes Ana Cristina da Silva , Ceccato Maria das Graças Braga
Published: April 2022

Goal: In this study, we aimed to monitor the blood glucose, urea, and creatinine laboratory tests in treatment-naive individuals, initiating ART with an antiretroviral regimen containing EFV or DTG, searching for a contribution to the understanding of the safety of these drugs in use in the real world, followed up for 72 weeks. Methods: Cohort study with a follow-up of people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy. Results: An increase in blood creatinine levels at 24 and 48 weeks and blood glucose levels at 48 weeks (p=0.017) was observed in the group using Dolutegravir. Those using Efavirenz evidenced an increase in creatinine levels at 48 weeks (p=0.007), blood glucose levels at 72 weeks (p=0.009), and urea levels at 48 weeks (p=0.023). Being male (p=0.044) and having more than 13 schooling years (0.044) explained the change in creatinine levels. Tobacco use (p=0.006), illicit drug use (p=0.009), and schooling greater than or equal to 13 study years (p=0.038) were independently associated with changes in urea levels. The therapeutic regimen with Efavirenz (OR=8.20; 95% CI=1.32-51.05; p=0.024) and schooling greater than or equal to 13 study years were independently associated with increased blood glucose concentration. Conclusions: The DTG regimen was associated with increased serum creatinine levels for up to 42 weeks and was transient and returning to the levels observed before the start of ART. The Efavirenz regimen was related to increased serum glucose levels, and the Dolutegravir therapy was the preferred regimen.
Utilização de portefólios digitais na formação inicial de professores, como estratégia de aprendizagem e avaliação: perspetivas das estudantes
Authors: Rodrigues Maria do Rosário , Pires Ana Luisa Oliveira , Pinto Jorge
Published: April 2022

Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de um estudo desenvolvido na formação inicial de professores sobre a utilização de portefólios digitais como estratégia de aprendizagem e avaliação. No estudo, com características de estudo de caso interpretativo, foram entrevistadas estudantes que vivenciaram experiências de utilização de portefólios digitais em diferentes momentos da sua vida acadêmica, onde se pretendeu perceber a relação entre estas experiências, o processo de aprendizagem e a avaliação. Os resultados evidenciam os contributos positivos do portefólio digital para a aprendizagem e a avaliação das estudantes, bem como as principais dificuldades que revelam.
MUKALLAF SEBAGAI SUBJEK HUKUM DALAM FIQIH JINAYAH
Authors: Rakib Abdur
Published: April 2022

Legal actors in the study of jinayah fiqh are an important part in the further study of jinayah fiqh, as are legal actors in muamalah fiqh, worship, and munakahat which of course cannot be separated from the discussion of mukallaf as the perpetrator of the legal discussion in it, where every law is certain because there are legal actors, or where there are humans (mukallaf) there must be laws resulting from their actions. The importance of the study of mukallaf in this more specific discussion is of course because the perpetrators or legal subjects – if not call it mukallaf – in the context of jinayah fiqh there are some differences in the imposition of taklif when compared to the fiqh of Mawarits, even with the fiqh of worship. Mukallaf in the discussion of jinayah fiqh basically has no difference with other fiqh except in the discussion of the expertyah category wujub al-kamilah. In essence, fiqh is God's law which is based on the absence of burdens on His servants who are beyond the limits of ability.
Political Thought in Maturidi
Authors: ÜNVERDİ Mustafa
Published: April 2022

The aim of this article is to determine Ebû Mansûr el-Mâtürîdî’s political thinking. Although this issue is not included at the theoretical level in the Qur’an, concepts such as council, efficiency, justice and great command are various verses of political terms. Examining Mâtürîdî’s interpretations of the verses mentioned in the Te’vîlâtü’l-Kur’ân will help us to understand his way of thinking. His management philosophy and principles of governance are based on mental foundations while carrying o religious character. In addition, historical examples and sociological approaches are the factors that determine his opinion on this subject. In Mâtürîdî, the characteristics of the government ruler are related to the foundations of political administration. Justice, grace and counceling are the essential parts of it. Contrary to the idea of Shia Imamate the view that the state ruler is not absolute and innocent indicates that Mâtürîdî knows and opposes Shia’s opinion. Mâtürîdî’s political opinion, which has not ignored the rumors on the issue of Imamate, seems to be based on transplantation and reason. In this article, Mâtürîdî’s interpretations of political concepts in Te’vîlâtü’l-Kur’ân will be analyzed by source examination method.
The Artisan Dervish in Anatolia: Akhism
Authors: KAVAK Abdulcebbar
Published: April 2022

The religious orders are sufistic institutions voluntary doing activity in almost every part of the Islamic society. They made important contributions to the coverse of Islamic cultural heritage and teaching of its moral values. Thanks to the versatile activities, the Muslims had protected our religion in every part of life. One of these Sufustic institutions is the Ahi-Order which was established in Anatolia as an organization of tradesmen. The Ahi-Order Organization was generally associated with “Turkish Islamic guild” have a corporate identity at the period of Abbasid Khalif Nasser Lidinillah. Thus, it is believed that the Anatollian Ahi- Order developed as a “Turkish-Islamic guild” movement shaped by the “Turkish- Islamic guild Organization.” This movement has turned to a concious educated artisan dervish which settled at the center of economic life in Anatolia. The Anatolian Ahi-Order emerged in the last years of the Seljuk State. During the political vacuum that emerged with the occupation of Anatolia by the Mongols, the Ahis contributed to the restoration of public order with the local governments they formed. These experiences had positive reflections on the social sphere in the founding years of the Ottoman Empire. With this respect Ahis took on a mission that went beyond the structure of religious order in the economic life of Anatolia. Ahis who prepared the physical infrastructure necessary for the economic activities of their members had many mosques and madrasas built for worship and education. Thus, they supported scientific and sufustic education along with vocational education. The Ahis revived many professions which were weakened in Ottoman society. The Ahis, who did not allow unfair profit, black market and opportunism, increased an important values to the social life of Anatolia. In this manner, the risks of conflict between social segments have been eliminated with the economic inequalities in social life. They have been helped both its own members and needful people with many foundations and charity funds. By this means, they served as an exemplary dervish community in many areas such as production and economy, social solidarity, morality and education, protection of human and Islamic values in Anatolia. In this article, it has been examined that he historical and sufustic infrastructure of the artisan dervish, which was formed under the name of the Ahi-Order in Anatolia, and its contribution to the Anatolian people and wisdom.
Comparison of Erbakan's Economic Policy Proposals with Turkey's 2002-2021 Economic Policies
Authors: DAL Zülküf , DİLEK Serkan
Published: April 2022

Necmettin Erbakan is an important politician, businessman and scientist who also served as prime minister in Turkey. The economic model proposed by Erbakan after 1980, known as the "Fair Order", includes Islamic sensitivities, industrialization and cooperation between Islamic countries. Even though Necmettin Erbakan came to power as prime minister on June 28, 1996, he lost power in a short time with the February 28 coup carried out by the secular sector and could not find enough opportunity to realize his economic program. However, names such as Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Abdullah Gül, who gained political experience on their side, came to power after 2002 and held positions such as prime minister and president. AK Party has been in power for a long time with the effect of successful economic performance. The aim of this study is to examine whether the industrial and foreign trade policies followed in the AK party period overlap with the economic policies of Necmettin Erbakan. For this purpose, the statistical data of the post-2002 period were examined and it was examined whether there were developments in line with Erbakan's goals. As a result, it has been concluded that the industrial and foreign trade policies followed during the AK Party government partially agree with Erbakan's economic views.
Understanding Iraq’s Persistent Domestic Instability: A Revisit to the 2003 Iraq War and the Effect of the US Foreign Policy.
Authors: YÜCE Samet
Published: April 2022

After the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in the heart of the United States (US), the US policymakers implemented a new doctrine known as the Bush Doctrine and declared war on any country in the international system which has a connection with terrorism or shelters the terrorists. In line with this, Iraq became one of “the target countries” on the axis of the new US doctrine. They took a further step and invaded Iraq with their allies in 2003 by claiming that they would liberate the Iraqi people from the authoritarian regime and bring democracy to Iraq. Toppling Saddam Hussein, the US implemented a new political regime in the country. In the post-Saddam regime, Iraq’s new ruling elites were mainly chosen from the Shiites. On the other hand, the Sunnis stayed at the periphery of the emerging Iraqi political system. The US political manoeuvres triggered ethnic and sectarian (ethno-sectarian) segregation as well as a tense political environment in Iraq. To put it clearly, the practices of the US foreign policy in the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq war/invasion not only inflamed the conflicts/divide between the major Islamic sects (the Sunni and the Shiite Muslims) but also widened “the ethnic rift”, mainly between the Kurds and the Arabs in the country. The ethno-sectarian segregation among the Iraqi people highly affected the domestic political stability in the country. Depending on the scientific data in the field, this research has mainly revealed that the 2013 US-led military invasion/Iraq War and the US policy towards Iraq had an impact on the persistent domestic instability in Iraq.
Usury and its Implication on the Economy of Muslim Civil Servants in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: LİMAN Sa’adatu Hassan , SUALAİMAN Abdullahi Adamu , ALİYU Muhammad Maishanu
Published: April 2022

The practice of interest among Muslims is a condemnable act by Islam because of its logical consequences on the economy of people. This paper aims to survey the implication of interest on the economy of Muslim civil servants of Nasarawa state, to be specific the interest charges by the cooperative societies when a member collect any facility. The methodology used is both library and fieldwork where books were consulted and interviews were equally conducted. This research is significant as it would serve as a clarion call to the Muslims who are either consciously or unconsciously involved in the transactions that have an interest or any of its elements, to speed up and desist from partaking in the interest. Muslims should avoid the consumption of interest in their financial transaction. The findings revealed that most Muslim civil servants in Nasarawa state, use to collect loans from the cooperative societies or banks that charge interest and continue to suffer from financial volatility until they have paid off and their economy is not in an equilibrium position. It is recommended that Muslim civil servants should join Islamic cooperative societies in their places of work and where there is none at all, they should hasten in establishing one.
PENGARUH E-DIGITAL NURSING CARE PLANS (E-DNCP) TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPUASAN MAHASISWA TENTANG MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DOKUMENTASI KEPERAWATAN MEDIKAL BEDAH
Authors: Rustiawati Epi
Published: April 2022

Kemajuan teknologi merupakan tantangan bagi dosen mengembangkan media pembelajaran tidak monoton. Media pembelajaran berbasis buku bergeser menjadi berbasis digital. Media pembelajaran digital membantu mahasiswa mengases cepat tepat dan mudah  diakses dan dibaca dengan mengunakan smart phone. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh E-Digital Nursing Care Plans (E-DNCP) terhadap tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa tentang media pembelajaran dokumentasi keperawatan medikal bedah. Metode penelitian:penelitian ini mengunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pre post without kontrol. Populasi: mahasiswa keperawatan tingkat 3 DIII Keperawatan FK Untirta, sampel penelitian yang digunakan total sampling dengan jumlah 100 responden. Instrumen penelitian: kuisioner kepuasan mahasiswa  dengan Post Study System Usability Quesionnaire (PPSUQ) dan aplikasi web pengaruh E-Digital Nursing Care Plans (E-DNCP)  sebagai media pembelajaran dokumentasi keperawatan medikal bedah. Uji analisis: McNemar untuk mengetahui pengaruh E-Digital Nursing Care Plans (E-DNCP) terhadap tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa tentang media pembelajaran dokumentasi keperawatan medikal bedah. Hasil penelitian: diperoleh p value 0,002 menunjukan secara signifikan aplikasi E-Digital Nursing Care Plans (E-DNCP) berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa tentang media pembelajaran dokumentasi keperawatan medikal bedah. Kesimpulan dan saran. E digital nursing care plans berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran dan aplikasi ini akan dikembangkan sebagai media pembelajaran mahasiswa dalam praktik keperawatan medikal bedah di kelas dan praktik klinik.
ANALISIS KUALITAS HIDUP KELUARGA YANG MERAWAT PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DENGAN HEMODIALISIS
Authors: Vina Vina Vitniawati
Published: April 2022

Keluarga merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam penatalaksanaan dan perawatan pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis. Keluarga mendapatkan beban, tekanan bahkan kecemasan yang dialami keluarga saat memberikan perawatan pada pasien dengan hemodialisis.. Ketidakmampuan keluarga beradaptasi berpengaruh pada kualitas hidupnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup keluarga pasien yang merawat pasien gagal ginjal kronik dengan hemodialisis. Penelitian menggunakan metode deksripitif kuantitatif, pada 57 orang keluarga pasien yang rutin hemodialisis di RSUD Majalaya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Kuesioner WHO QOL. Analisis menggunakan analisis Univariat untuk menggambarkan kualitas hidup keluarga pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis berdasarkan 4 dimensi yaitu dimensi fisik, psikologis, social dan lingkungan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata – rata kualitas hidup berdasarkan dimensi fisik,psikologis dan social memiliki kualitas hidup sedang sedangkan dari segi lingkungan memiliki kualitas hidup baik, sedangkan berdasarkan tingkat kualitas hidup di setiap dimensi menunjukan bahwa 42,1 % kualitas hidup baik dilihat dari dimensi fisik, 47,37% kualitas hidup sedang dilihat dari dimensi psikologi, 61,4% kualitas hidup baik dilihat dari dimensi social, dan 40,4% kualitas hidup baik dilihat dari dimensi lingkungan. Perawatan keluarga kepada pasien hemodialisis mempengaruhi kualitas hidup keluarga itu sendiri, sehingga perawat dapat melakukan skrining dan konseling keluarga dan menjadikan pendidikan kesehatan dalam kegiatan family support group sebagai intervensi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup keluarga.
Accelerating Jackknife Resampling for the Canonical Polyadic Decomposition
Authors: Psarras Christos , Karlsson Lars , Bro Rasmus , Bientinesi Paolo
Published: April 2022

The Canonical Polyadic (CP) tensor decomposition is frequently used as a model in applications in a variety of different fields. Using jackknife resampling to estimate parameter uncertainties is often desirable but results in an increase of the already high computational cost. Upon observation that the resampled tensors, though different, are nearly identical, we show that it is possible to extend the recently proposed Concurrent ALS (CALS) technique to a jackknife resampling scenario. This extension gives access to the computational efficiency advantage of CALS for the price of a modest increase (typically a few percent) in the number of floating point operations. Numerical experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the new workflow based on a CALS extension can be several times faster than a straightforward workflow where the jackknife submodels are processed individually.
Construction and Comprehensive Analysis of ceRNA Networks and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Vascular Invasion
Authors: Cai Shijiao , Du Renle , Zhang Yuan , Yuan Zhengyi , Shang Jie , Yang Yang , Han Bin , Zhong Weilong , Yuan Hengjie , Li Zhengxiang
Published: April 2022

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant cancer. Metastasis plays a critical role in tumor progression, and vascular invasion is considered one of the most crucial factors for HCC metastasis. However, comprehensive analysis focusing on competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and immune infiltration in the vascular invasion of HCC is lacking.

Methods: The gene expression profiles of 321 samples, including 210 primary HCC cases and 111 HCC cases with vascular invasion, were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma project, and used in identifying significant differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). The RNAs associated with vascular invasion were used in constructing a ceRNA network. A multigene-based risk signature was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm. We detected the fractions of 28 immune cell types in HCC through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Finally, the relationship between the ceRNA network and immune cells was determined through correlation analysis and used in clarifying the potential mechanism involved in vascular invasion.

Results: Overall, 413 DElncRNAs, 27 DEmiRNAs, and 397 DEmRNAs were recognized in HCC. A specific ceRNA network based on the interaction among 3 lncRNA–miRNA pairs and 24 miRNA–mRNA pairs were established. A ceRNA-based prognostic signature was constructed and used in dividing samples into high- and low-risk subgroups. The signature showed significant efficacy; its 3- and 5-year areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.712 and 0.653, respectively. ceRNA and ssGSEA integration analysis demonstrated that PART1 (p = 0, R = −0.33) and CDK5R2 (p = 0.01, R = −0.15) were negatively correlated to natural killer cells.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that vascular invasion in HCC might be related to PART1, and its role in regulating CDK5R2 and NK cells. A nomogram was developed to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC and demonstrated the value of the ceRNA network and tumor-infiltrating immune cells value in improving personalized management.
Paper-Based Devices for Capturing Exosomes and Exosomal Nucleic Acids From Biological Samples
Authors: Lai Chi-Hung , Lee Chih-Ling , Vu Cao-An , Vu Van-Truc , Tsai Yao-Hung , Chen Wen-Yih , Cheng Chao-Min
Published: April 2022

Exosomes, nanovesicles derived from cells, contain a variety of biomolecules that can be considered biomarkers for disease diagnosis, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Given knowledge and demand, inexpensive, robust, and easy-to-use tools that are compatible with downstream nucleic acid detection should be developed to replace traditional methodologies for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. This study deploys a paper-based extraction kit for exosome and exosomal miRNA analytical system with some quantifying methods to serve as an easy sample preparation for a possible POCT process. Exosomes concentrated from HCT116 cell cultures were arrested on paper-based immunoaffinity devices, which were produced by immobilizing anti-CD63 antibodies on Whatman filter paper, before being subjected to paper-based silica devices for nucleic acids to be trapped by silica nanoparticles adsorbed onto Whatman filter paper. Concentrations of captured exosomes were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), demonstrating that paper-based immunoaffinity devices succeeded in capturing and determining exosome levels from cells cultured in both neutral and acidic microenvironments, whereas microRNA 21 (miR-21), a biomarker for various types of cancers and among the nucleic acids absorbed onto the silica devices, was determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to prove that paper-based silica devices were capable of trapping exosomal nucleic acids. The developed paper-based kit and the devised procedure was successfully exploited to isolate exosomes and exosomal nucleic acids from different biological samples (platelet-poor plasma and lesion fluid) as clinical applications.
From Brown Seaweed to a Sustainable Microbial Feedstock for the Production of Riboflavin
Authors: Pérez-García Fernando , Klein Vivien Jessica , Brito Luciana Fernandes , Brautaset Trygve
Published: April 2022

The increasing global demand for food and energy production encourages the development of new production strategies focused on sustainability. Often, microbial bioprocesses rely on food or feed competitive feedstocks; hence, there is a trending need for green substrates. Here, we have proven the potential of brown seaweed biomass as microbial feedstock on account of its content of mannitol and the glucose polymer laminarin. Our host, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was engineered to enable access to mannitol as a carbon source through the heterologous expression of the mannitol-specific phosphotransferase system and the mannitol-1-phosphate-5-dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis. Overproduction of riboflavin was coupled with mannitol and glucose consumption via constitutive overexpression of the biosynthetic riboflavin operon ribGCAH from C. glutamicum. Brown seaweed extract and brown seaweed hydrolysate from Laminaria hyperborea, containing mannitol and glucose, were used as a carbon source for flask and bioreactor fermentations. In a seaweed-based fed-batch fermentation, the riboflavin final titer, yield, and volumetric productivity values of 1,291.2 mg L−1, 66.1 mg g−1, and 17.2 mg L−1 h−1, respectively, were achieved.
Camptothecin Delivery via Tumor-Derived Exosome for Radiosensitization by Cell Cycle Regulation on Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice
Authors: Yang Yiling , Ren Shiqi , Huang Wenpeng , Dong Jiahan , Guo Jiancheng , Zhao Jie , Zhang Yonggao
Published: April 2022

Purpose: While radiotherapy remains the leading clinical treatment for many tumors, its efficacy can be significantly hampered by the insensitivity of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle to such irradiation.

Methods: Here, we designed a highly targeted drug delivery platform in which exosomes were loaded with the FDA-approved anti-tumor drug camptothecin (CPT) which is capable of regulating cell cycle. The utilized exosomes were isolated from patient tumors, enabling the personalized treatment of individuals to ensure better therapeutic outcomes.

Results: This exosome-mediated delivery strategy was exhibited robust targeted to patient-derived tumor cells in vitro and in established patient-derived xenograft models. By delivering CPT to tumor cells, this nanoplatform was able to decrease cell cycle arrest in the S phase, increasing the frequency of cells in the G1 and G2/M phases such that they were more radiosensitive.

Conclusion: This therapeutic approach was able to substantially enhance the sensitivity of patient-derived tumors to ionizing radiation, thereby improving the overall efficacy of radiotherapy without the need for a higher radiation dose.
Faster Growth Enhances Low Carbon Fuel and Chemical Production Through Gas Fermentation
Authors: de Lima Lorena Azevedo , Ingelman Henri , Brahmbhatt Kush , Reinmets Kristina , Barry Craig , Harris Audrey , Marcellin Esteban , Köpke Michael , Valgepea Kaspar
Published: April 2022

Gas fermentation offers both fossil carbon-free sustainable production of fuels and chemicals and recycling of gaseous and solid waste using gas-fermenting microbes. Bioprocess development, systems-level analysis of biocatalyst metabolism, and engineering of cell factories are advancing the widespread deployment of the commercialised technology. Acetogens are particularly attractive biocatalysts but effects of the key physiological parameter–specific growth rate (μ)—on acetogen metabolism and the gas fermentation bioprocess have not been established yet. Here, we investigate the μ-dependent bioprocess performance of the model-acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum in CO and syngas (CO + CO2+H2) grown chemostat cultures and assess systems-level metabolic responses using gas analysis, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and metabolic modelling. We were able to obtain steady-states up to μ ∼2.8 day−1 (∼0.12 h−1) and show that faster growth supports both higher yields and productivities for reduced by-products ethanol and 2,3-butanediol. Transcriptomics data revealed differential expression of 1,337 genes with increasing μ and suggest that C. autoethanogenum uses transcriptional regulation to a large extent for facilitating faster growth. Metabolic modelling showed significantly increased fluxes for faster growing cells that were, however, not accompanied by gene expression changes in key catabolic pathways for CO and H2 metabolism. Cells thus seem to maintain sufficient “baseline” gene expression to rapidly respond to CO and H2 availability without delays to kick-start metabolism. Our work advances understanding of transcriptional regulation in acetogens and shows that faster growth of the biocatalyst improves the gas fermentation bioprocess.
Spatial Variations of Commuting Behavior and Their Impact Factors in Shanghai Metropolitan Area
Authors: Li Kaiming , Yue Liying , Geng Huizhi , Li Kaishun
Published: April 2022

Exploring the spatial variations and the impact of spatial and social factors on commuting behavior is vital to promote cities’ sustainable development and improve residents’ daily lives. Based on 2015 1% Population Sample Survey data in Shanghai, this study constructs an improved accessibility index to evaluate the jobs–housing spatial relationship and compares spatial variations and factors of commuting duration and commuting distance at the sub-district level by using spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial lag model, and spatial error model. In terms of spatial variations, the median commuting distance and commuting duration are 6.32 km and 28.37 min, respectively. Both of them have significant spatial autocorrelation, and the latter is higher. The high–high agglomeration areas of commuting distance scatter between the outer ring road and the outer suburbs. The high–high agglomeration areas of commuting duration are mainly distributed between the middle and the outer ring roads. In terms of affecting factors, the impacts of social factors on the commuting level are more significant than spatial factors. Ignoring the former will overestimate the effects of the latter. Commuting distance is more significantly correlated with spatial factors, and job accessibility is the most critical factor, while commuting duration is more significantly associated with social factors, and education level is the essential factor. There is significant intra-urban heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation of commuting distance and duration in the metropolis. Social factors are more influential than spatial factors on commuting behavior.
Novel β-Cyclodextrin-Based Heptavalent Glycyrrhetinic Acid Conjugates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Influenza Activity
Authors: Liang Shuobin , Ma Xinyuan , Li Man , Yi Yanliang , Gao Qianqian , Zhang Yongmin , Zhang Lihe , Zhou Demin , Xiao Sulong
Published: April 2022

In our continuing efforts toward the design of novel pentacyclic triterpene derivatives as potential anti-influenza virus entry inhibitors, a series of homogeneous heptavalent glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives based on β-cyclodextrin scaffold were designed and synthesized by click chemistry. The structure was unambiguously characterized by NMR, IR, and MALDI-TOF-MS measurements. Seven conjugates showed sufficient inhibitory activity against influenza virus infection based on the cytopathic effect reduction assay with IC50 values in the micromolar range. The interactions of conjugate 37, the most potent compound (IC50 = 2.86 μM, CC50 > 100 μM), with the influenza virus were investigated using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Moreover, the surface plasmon resonance assay further confirmed that compound 37 bound to the influenza HA protein specifically with a dissociation constant of 5.15 × 10−7 M. Our results suggest the promising role of β-cyclodextrin as a scaffold for preparing a variety of multivalent compounds as influenza entry inhibitors.
Triethyl-Borates as Surfactants to Stabilize Semiconductor Nanoplatelets in Polar Solvents and to Tune Their Optical Properties
Authors: Deng Yalei , Chen Xufeng , Liang Jing , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: April 2022

Stabilizing nanocrystals (NCs) with high fluorescence quantum efficiency in suitable solvents and tuning of their optical properties precisely are critical for designing and assembling optoelectrical devices. Here, we demonstrated that by replacing the original X-type ligand (R-COO-) with triethylborate (TEB), zinc-blend structure nanoplatelets (Zb-NPLs) turn from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and are quite stable in polar solvents. More importantly, a large shift of 253 meV is observed for the TEB-passivated NPLs, which can be attributed to the strain of the crystal lattice and the electron or hole delocalizing into the ligand shell. It is worth noting that unlike conventional inorganic ligands, such as metal chalcogenide complexes or halides that quench fluorescence, TEB-treated NPLs maintain 100% of their original brightness in polar solvents with a slight increase in full width at half maximum (FWHM, 32 nm). Furthermore, we explored the possibility of employing TEB as surface ligands for NPLs with different thicknesses and compositions. We believe the discovery of new surface chemistry using borate-related ligands can greatly expand the potential application areas of NPLs.
Selective Hydrogenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Dimethylfuran Over Popcorn-Like Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Confined CuCo Bimetallic Catalyst
Authors: Hao Peng , Zuo Jianliang , Tong Wurong , Lin Jing , Wang Qiying , Liu Zili
Published: April 2022

A new type of biomass-based liquid fuel, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), has attracted significant attention owing to its unique physical properties and carbon neutrality. It can be obtained from the hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important biomass platform compound. In this study, we developed a nitrogen-doped carbon-confined CuCo bimetallic catalyst with a popcorn-like structure for the selective hydrogenation of HMF with high efficiency and adequate stability. Under optimized conditions, 100% HMF conversion and 93.7% DMF selectivity were achieved. The structure of the catalyst was characterized using XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM. It was observed that carbon spheres, which were covered by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, uniformly formed, while metal particles were confined in the nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. The popcorn-like structure exhibited a larger surface area and provided more contact sites, while the confined metal particles were the main active sites. The synergistic effect between Cu and Co was beneficial for DMF selectivity.
Self-Assembled Pt/MoCx/MWCNTs Nano Catalyst for Ethanol Electrooxidation of Fuel Cells
Authors: Cao Xiaochang , Qiu Zhongming , Chen Jianjun , Ai Tianyu
Published: April 2022

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have attracted more and more attention because of their unique advantages such as low cost and low toxicity. However, sluggish C-C bond cleavage during the ethanol electrooxidation reaction (EOR) in acidic media results in a lower energy yield and gravely hinders the commercialization of DEFCs. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop an anode catalyst with high performance, high stability and low cost to solve this problem. In this paper, Pt/MoCx/MWCNTs nanocomposites with different mass ratios of PtMo were obtained through a molecular self-assembly technology. The structure and morphology of Pt/MoCx/MWCNTs nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques such as XRD, FESEM, XPS, etc. The electrochemical performance and stability of Pt/WCx/MWCNTs electrocatalysts toward EOR were investigated in acid electrolytes. The results show that PtMo exists in the form of alloy. The size of Pt/MoCx nanoparticles is very uniform with an average size of ∼24 nm. The Pt/MoC0.25/MWCNTs exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activities with an electrochemically active surface area of 37.1 m2 g−1, a peak current density of 610.4 mA mgPt−1 and a steady-state current density of 39.8 mA mgPt−1 after 7,200 s, suggesting that the Pt/MoC0.25/MWCNTs is a very promising candidate for application in EOR of DEFCs.
More Positive or More Negative? Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Roles of Virome in Human Disease-Related Gut Microbiome
Authors: Li Mo , Wang Chunhui , Guo Qian , Xu Congmin , Xie Zhongjie , Tan Jie , Wu Shufang , Wang Peihong , Guo Jinyuan , Fang Zhencheng , Zhu Shiwei , Duan Liping , Jiang Xiaoqing , Zhu Huaiqiu
Published: April 2022

Viruses are increasingly viewed as vital components of the human gut microbiota, while their roles in health and diseases remain incompletely understood. Here, we first sequenced and analyzed the 37 metagenomic and 18 host metabolomic samples related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and found that some shifted viruses between IBS and controls covaried with shifted bacteria and metabolites. Especially, phages that infect beneficial lactic acid bacteria depleted in IBS covaried with their hosts. We also retrieved public whole-genome metagenomic datasets of another four diseases (type 2 diabetes, Crohn’s disease, colorectal cancer, and liver cirrhosis), totaling 438 samples including IBS, and performed uniform analysis of the gut viruses in diseases. By constructing disease-specific co-occurrence networks, we found viruses actively interacting with bacteria, negatively correlated with possible dysbiosis-related and inflammation-mediating bacteria, increasing the connectivity between bacteria modules, and contributing to the robustness of the networks. Functional enrichment analysis showed that phages interact with bacteria through predation or expressing genes involved in the transporter and secretion system, metabolic enzymes, etc. We further built a viral database to facilitate systematic functional classification and explored the functions of viral genes on interacting with bacteria. Our analyses provided a systematic view of the gut virome in the disease-related microbial community and suggested possible positive roles of viruses concerning gut health.
A Novel Nomogram Based on a Competing Risk Model Predicting Cardiovascular Death Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Li Ning , Zhang Jingjing , Xu Yumeng , Yu Manshu , Zhou Guowei , Zheng Yawei , Zhou Enchao , He Weiming , Sun Wei , Xu Lingdong , Zhang Lu
Published: April 2022

Objective

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than develop renal failure. This study aimed to develop a new nomogram for predicting the risk of cardiovascular death in CKD patients.

Methods

This study enrolled 1656 CKD patients from NHANES 2003 to 2006 survey. Data sets from 2005 to 2006 survey population were used to build a nomogram for predicting the risk of cardiovascular death, and the nomogram was validated using data from 2003 to 2004 survey population. To identify the main determinants of cardiovascular death, we performed univariate analysis and backward-stepwise regression to select the key factors. The probability of cardiovascular death for each patient in 5, 7, and 9 years was calculated using a nomogram based on the predictors. To assess the nomogram’s performance, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the calibration curve with 1,000 bootstraps resamples were utilized. The prediction model’s discrimination was examined using cumulative incidence function (CIF).

Results

Age, homocysteine, potassium levels, CKD stage, and anemia were included in the nomogram after screening risk factors using univariate analysis and backward-stepwise regression. Internal validation revealed that this nomogram possesses high discrimination and calibration (AUC values of 5–, 7–, and 9-years were 0.79, 0.81, and 0.81, respectively). External validation confirmed the same findings (AUC values of 5–, 7– and 9-years were 0.76, 0.73, and 0.73, respectively). According to CIF, the established nomogram effectively differentiates patients at a high risk of cardiovascular death from those at low risk.

Conclusion

This work develops a novel nomogram that integrates age, homocysteine, potassium levels, CKD stage, and anemia and can be used to more easily predict cardiovascular death in CKD patients, highlighting its potential value in clinical application.
Mortality Risk Prediction Dynamics After Heart Failure Treatment Optimization: Repeat Risk Assessment Using Online Risk Calculators
Authors: Codina Pau , Zamora Elisabet , Levy Wayne C. , Revuelta-López Elena , Borrellas Andrea , Spitaleri Giosafat , Cediel Germán , Ruiz-Cueto María , Cañedo Elena , Santiago-Vacas Evelyn , Domingo Mar , Buchaca David , Subirana Isaac , Santesmases Javier , Espriella Rafael de la , Nuñez Julio , Lupón Josep , Bayes-Genis Antoni
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Heart failure (HF) management has significantly improved over the past two decades, leading to better survival. This study aimed to assess changes in predicted mortality risk after 12 months of management in a multidisciplinary HF clinic.

Materials and Methods

Out of 1,032 consecutive HF outpatients admitted from March-2012 to November-2018, 357 completed the 12-months follow-up and had N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), and interleukin-1 receptor-like-1 (known as ST2) measurements available both at baseline and follow-up. Three contemporary risk scores were used: MAGGIC-HF, Seattle HF Model (SHFM), and the Barcelona Bio-HF (BCN Bio-HF) calculator, which incorporates the three above mentioned biomarkers. The predicted risk of all-cause death at 1 and 3 years was calculated at baseline and re-evaluated after 12 months.

Results

A significant decline in predicted 1-and 3-year mortality risk was observed at 12 months: MAGGIC ~16%, SHFM ~22% and BCN Bio-HF ~15%. In the HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subgroup guideline-directed medical therapy led to a complete normalization of left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%) in almost a third of the patients and to a partial normalization (41–49%) in 30% of them. Repeated risk assessment after 12 months with SHFM and BCN Bio-HF provided adequate discrimination for all-cause 3-year mortality (C-Index: MAGGIC-HF 0.762, SHFM 0.781 and BCN Bio-HF 0.791).

Conclusion

Mortality risk declines in patients with HF managed for 12 months in a multidisciplinary HF clinic. Repeating the mortality risk assessment after optimizing the HF treatment is recommended, particularly in the HFrEF subgroup.
State-of-the-Art Review: Technical and Imaging Considerations in Novel Transapical and Port-Access Mitral Valve Chordal Repair for Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Hegeman Romy M. J. J. , Gheorghe Livia L. , de Kroon Thomas L. , van Putte Bart P. , Swaans Martin J. , Klein Patrick
Published: April 2022

Degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) based on posterior leaflet prolapse is the most frequent type of organic mitral valve disease and has proven to be durably repairable in most cases by chordal repair techniques either by conventional median sternotomy or by less invasive approaches both utilizing extracorporeal circulation and cardioplegic myocardial arrest. Recently, several novel transapical chordal repair techniques specifically targeting the posterior leaflet have been developed as a far less invasive and beating heart (off-pump) alternative to port-access mitral repair. In order to perform a safe and effective minimally invasive mitral chordal repair, thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the mitral valve apparatus and adequate use of multimodality imaging both pre- and intraoperatively are fundamental. In addition, comprehensive understanding of the available novel devices, their delivery systems and the individual procedural steps are required.
Effect of Prognostic Guided Management of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism According to the European Society of Cardiology Risk Stratification Model
Authors: Jiménez David , Rodríguez Carmen , Pintado Beatriz , Pérez Andrea , Jara-Palomares Luis , López-Reyes Raquel , Ruiz-Artacho Pedro , García-Ortega Alberto , Bikdeli Behnood , Lobo José Luis ,   the IPEP investigators
Published: April 2022

Background

A recent trial showed that management driven by prognostic assessment was effective in reducing the length of stay (LOS) for acute stable pulmonary embolism (PE). The efficacy and safety of this strategy in each subgroup of risk stratification remains unknown.

Methods

We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the randomized IPEP study to evaluate the effect of a management strategy guided by early use of a prognostic pathway in the low- and intermediate-high risk subgroups defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) model. These subgroups were retrospectively identified in the control arm. The primary outcome was LOS. The secondary outcomes were 30-day clinical outcomes.

Results

Of 249 patients assigned to the intervention group, 60 (24%) were classified as low-, and 30 (12%) as intermediate-high risk. Among 249 patients assigned to the control group, 66 (27%) were low-, and 13 (5%) intermediate-high risk. In the low-risk group, the mean LOS was 2.1 (±0.9) days in the intervention group and 5.3 (±2.9) days in the control group (P < 0.001). In this group, no significant differences were observed in 30-day readmissions (0% vs. 3.0%, respectively), all-cause (0% vs. 0%) and PE-related mortality rates (0% vs. 0%), or severe adverse events (0% vs. 1.5%). In the intermediate-high risk group, the mean LOS was 5.3 (±1.8) days in the intervention group and 6.5 (±2.5) days in the control group (P = 0.08). In this group, no significant differences were observed in 30-day readmissions (3.3% vs. 3.0%, respectively), all-cause (6.7% vs. 7.7%) and PE-related mortality rates (6.7% vs. 7.7%), or severe adverse events (16.7% vs. 15.4%).

Conclusion

The use of a prognostic assessment and management pathway was effective in reducing the LOS for acute PE without comprising safety across subgroups of risk stratification.

Clinical Trial Registration

[ClinicalTrials.gov], Identifier [NCT02733198].
External Surface Water Influence on Explosive Eruption Dynamics, With Implications for Stratospheric Sulfur Delivery and Volcano-Climate Feedback
Authors: Rowell Colin R. , Jellinek A. Mark , Hajimirza Sahand , Aubry Thomas J.
Published: April 2022

Explosive volcanic eruptions can inject sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere to form aerosol particles that modify Earth’s radiation balance and drive surface cooling. Eruptions involving interactions with shallow layers (≤500 m) of surface water and ice modify the eruption dynamics that govern the delivery of SO2 to the stratosphere. External surface water controls the evolution of explosive eruptions in two ways that are poorly understood: 1) by modulating the hydrostatic pressure within the conduit and at the vent, and 2) through the ingestion and mixing of external water, which governs fine ash production and eruption column buoyancy flux. To make progress, we couple one-dimensional models of conduit flow and atmospheric column rise through a novel “magma-water interaction” model that simulates the occurrence, extent and consequences of water entrainment depending on the depth of a surface water layer. We explore the effects of hydrostatic pressure on magma ascent in the conduit and gas decompression at the vent, and the conditions for which water entrainment drives fine ash production by quench fragmentation, eruption column collapse, or outright failure of the jet to breach the water surface. We show that the efficiency of water entrainment into the jet is the predominant control on jet behavior. For an increase in water depth of 50–100 m, the critical magma mass eruption rate required for eruption columns to reach the tropopause increases by an order of magnitude. Finally, we estimate that enhanced emission of fine ash leads to up to a 2-fold increase in the mass flux of particles < 125 μm to spreading umbrella clouds, together with up to a 10-fold increase in water mass flux, conditions that can enhance the removal of SO2 via chemical scavenging and ash sedimentation. On average, compared to purely magmatic eruptions, we suggest that hydrovolcanic eruptions will be characterized by reduced climate forcing. Our results suggest one possible mechanism for volcano-climate feedback: temporal changes with climate in surface distributions of water and ice may modify the relative global frequency or dominance of hydrovolcanic eruption processes, modulating, in turn, global patterns in volcano-climate forcing.