bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Converting Hydraulic Resistance Energy of the System into Electricity
Authors: Sahakyan A. A. , Butko D. A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. A gravity conduit with a control valve and a pressure regulator in the gravity water-supply pipe is considered under conditions when the hydraulic regime of the water-supply system is not disturbed. In relation to such a system, the problems of converting the energy of local artificial hydraulic resistance into electricity are investigated.

Materials and Methods. Literature that highlights the possibility of using microturbines for power generation in water systems was studied. The actual values noted by the continuous pressure recorder (logger) for 12 hours were presented, as well as the water consumption by the turbine at a given unit section (the average for a year), and the pressure differential. It was noted that the use of small hydroelectric power plants in water supply systems significantly reduced the cost of their operation. The indicators of water consumption in the hydroturbine unit during the year, broken down by months, were given. The maximum power at the turbine inlet was calculated. The principles of selecting the type of hydraulic turbine were described. The average efficiency values for different elements of the hydroturbine plant, the average parameters of the power of the small hydro and the corresponding indicators of the average monthly electricity generation were indicated.

Results. Equipping the units under study with specially designed turbines can enable to obtain electrical energy through converting artificially created by local resistance and extinguished mechanical energy. It is possible to apply the approaches described in this article when replacing many of the pressure control units of the Yerevan City Network system. The productivity of a small hydro power plant was predicted, as well as the terms of its construction and operation — for 2 years and 30 years, respectively. The construction and maintenance costs were calculated in advance. The expected data on income, expenses, and net profit are given. It is indicated that it will potentially be close to 6 million drams per year. The analysis of the data allowed us to conclude that the internal rate of return will be at the level of 10.4%, and the payback period is 9 years.

Discussion and Conclusions. We recommend replacing the regulator with a hydroturbine having the same hydraulic resistance and automatic flow control in the system. The conclusions were confirmed by the energy and economic indicators of the hydroturbine plant located on the section of the Arzakan — Yerevan main water pipeline.
Analysis of natural language processing technology: modern problems and approaches
Authors: Kazakova M. A. , Sultanova A. P.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The article presents an overview of modern neural network models for natural language processing. Research into natural language processing is of interest as the need to process large amounts of audio and text information accumulated in recent decades has increased. The most discussed in foreign literature are the features of the processing of spoken language. The aim of the work is to present modern models of neural networks in the field of oral speech processing.

Materials and Methods. Applied research on understanding spoken language is an important and far-reaching topic in the natural language processing. Listening comprehension is central to practice and presents a challenge. This study meets a method of hearing detection based on deep learning. The article briefly outlines the substantive aspects of various neural networks for speech recognition, using the main terms associated with this theory. A brief description of the main points of the transformation of neural networks into a natural language is given.

Results. A retrospective analysis of foreign and domestic literary sources was carried out alongside with a description of new methods for oral speech processing, in which neural networks were used. Information about neural networks, methods of speech recognition and synthesis is provided. The work includes the results of diverse experimental works of recent years. The article elucidates the main approaches to natural language processing and their changes over time, as well as the emergence of new technologies. The major problems currently existing in this area are considered.

Discussion and Conclusions. The analysis of the main aspects of speech recognition systems has shown that there is currently no universal system that would be self-learning, noise-resistant, recognizing continuous speech, capable of working with large dictionaries and at the same time having a low error rate.
Related dynamic axisymmetric thermoelectroelasticity problem for a long hollow piezoceramic cylinder
Authors: Shlyakhin D. A. , Kalmova M. A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The article studies the problem of investigation of coupled nonstationary thermoelectroelastic fields in piezoceramic structures. The main approaches related to the construction of a general solution to the initial non-selfadjoint equations describing the process under consideration are briefly outlined. The work aims at constructing a new closed solution to the axisymmetric thermoelectroelasticity problem for a long piezoceramic cylinder.

Materials and Methods. A long hollow cylinder whose electrodated surfaces were connected to a measuring device with large input resistance was considered. On the cylindrical surfaces of the plate, a time-varying temperature was given. The hyperbolic theory of Lord–Shulman thermo-electro-elasticity was used. The closed solution is constructed using a generalized method of finite integral transformations.

Results. The developed calculation algorithm makes it possible to determine the stress–strain state of the cylinder, its temperature, and electric fields. In addition, it becomes possible to investigate the coupling of fields in a piezoceramic cylinder, as well as to analyze the effect of relaxation of the heat flow on the fields under consideration.

Discussion and Conclusion. The use of assumptions about the equality of the components of the temperature stress tensor and the absence of temperature effect on the electric field allowed us to formulate a self-adjoint initial system of equations and construct a closed solution.
Upaya Meningkatkan Minat dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Model Discovery Learning Pada Materi Hereditas di Kelas XII IPA 4 SMAN 22 Bandung
Authors: NAHDIAH RATU
Published: July 2022

This Classroom Action Research aims to determine the increase in student interest and learning outcomes in heredity material through the application of discovery learning models.
The research subjects were students of class XII IPA 4 SMAN 22 Bandung totaling 36 people. The research design used adopted a classroom action research procedure model adapted from Hopkins. Each cycle consists of four main activities, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research data is in the form of information about the results and the learning process of the discovery learning model with the data collection techniques used are observation, tests, and questionnaires.
The results showed an increase in the average score of interest from 61.27% in the first cycle to 78.61% in the second cycle. Student learning outcomes also showed an increase as seen from the increase in the value of classical absorption from the first cycle of 65% to 87.50% in the second cycle. The student's response to the use of the discovery learning model was very positive, as seen from the results of the questionnaire distributed to students. In general, students like the use of discovery learning models, this is because the discovery learning model makes them more active in learning and better able to understand the existing material critically and creatively, as well as being able to find solutions to the problems at hand, so it can be concluded that the model discovery learning on heredity material can increase the interest and learning outcomes of class XII IPA 4 SMAN 22 Bandung
Penggunaan Examples Based Learning (EBL) dalam Meningkatkan Level Kemampuan Berpikir Mahasiswa Berdasarkan Taksonomi Marzano Materi Metabolit Sekunder Mata Kuliah Bioteknologi
Authors: Halimah Mimi , Rahmat Adi , Redjeki Sri , Riandi R
Published: July 2022

The thinking ability of pre service Biology teacher students must have high-level thinking skills, because they are prospective teachers for the millennial generation, therefore it is necessary to measure students' thinking levels so that prospective Biology teachers can prepare themselves from the start in an effort to improve their students' thinking skills in the future. This study aims to determine the level of students' thinking skills based on Marzano's (1997) taxonomy which includes Level 1: Retrieval, Level 2: Comprehension, Level 3: Analysis, Level 4: Knowledge utilization, Level 5: Metacognitive, Level 6: Self system. The method used in this research is one group pre test post test design. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test scores (M=27.42, SD=11.73) and post-test scores (M=65.22, SD=13.96) with the average N-gain being 0.52 which is in the medium category. Meanwhile, for the level of thinking ability, it shows that the highest contribution to increasing the average score is at level 2, namely comprehension and level 3, namely analysis, with each increasing score of 49 points. Level 6, which is the self system, also increased almost the same, as much as 48 points. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that Examples Based Learning can increase the level of students' thinking skills
A VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA E A CONDIÇÃO FEMININA: UMA ANÁLISE DO ACÓRDÃO DO RECURSO ESPECIAL Nº 1.675.874 – MS
Authors: Fidalgo Pinheiro Rosalice , Wollertt Tesserolli Gabriela
Published: July 2022

O presente tem por objetivo comentar o acórdão do Recurso Especial nº 1.675.874 – MS, do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, que caracterizou o dano moral in re ipsa, com fundamento na condição feminina. Esta decisão mostra-se paradigmática, pois ao aproximar as esferas civil e penal, presume o dano moral em casos de violência doméstica contra a mulher. Na tentativa de combater ao patriarcalismo enraizado na sociedade brasileira, o julgado apresenta a possibilidade de que o Judiciário entenda a violência doméstica como forma de manutenção das desigualdades de gênero e, portanto, uma situação indenizável por perpetuar a condição da mulher brasileira. Ao se examinar o quantum mínimo indenizatório fixado no acórdão e a influência do “ser mulher” na sua aferição, conclui-se que os danos não foram suficientemente valorados para romper o ciclo da violência doméstica, o que sugere certa permanência da desigualdade de gêneros.
ENTRE EL PASADO Y EL PRESENTE: UNA LECTURA HISTÓRICA JURÍDICA FEMINISTA DEL DERECHO PRIVADO
Authors: Cacciavillani Pamela Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Este artículo se propone hacer una lectura feminista del Derecho Privado, desde una perspectiva histórico-evolutiva, para identificar cómo se entendió el estereotipo femenino y evaluar en qué medida la legislación fomentó instrumentos jurídicos opresores de las libertades de las mujeres. Se adopta el método deductivo, con uso instrumental del recurso histórico, con investigación bibliográfica y documental. Se concluye que instituciones como la figura del buen padre de familia y la incapacidad de la mujer casada para los actos de la vida civil contribuyeron a la invisibilidad de la mujer y que, a partir de ello, es necesario leer la ley desde una perspectiva perspectiva feminista.
THE STRUCTURE OF MYTH FOUND IN PRAMOEDYA'S THE KING, THE WITCH AND THE PRIEST
Authors: Darta Deta Maria Sri
Published: July 2022

Being a part of a certain culture makes a literary work is not immune from its influence. This applies also to literary works which deliver stories from the past, Pramoedya Ananta Toer's The King, The Witch and The Priest for example. To confirm the influence, this article would like to see the structure of myth in this story with the help of Greimas' Actantial Model. Under the approach of structuralism, finding the six actants of some important actions selected from the plot analysis is conducted to discover the pattern. The pattern then is used to understand the structure of mythfound in the story. This study results on the existence of the structure of myth whereby the good one always wins at the end of the story, no matter how powerful the evil is.
Radiochemical Purity Test of Fractionated Sestamibi Kit Labelled with Technetium-99m
Authors: Chaerunisa Hasna , Rosilawati N. Elly , Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Published: July 2022

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a heart disorder caused by blockage of blood vessels. CHD can bedetected by Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI). MPI is performed by injecting a radiopharmaceuticalinto the patient's body. 99mTc-sestamibi is a radiopharmaceutical that is commonly used in MPI.Sestamibi is available in the form of a multidose vial, but the cost of the examination will be expensiveif it is only used for one patient. Cost effectiveness can be increased by fractionating the sestamibi kitbefore labelled by 99mTc. 99mTc-sestamibi needs to be tested for quality control before it is administeredto the patients. One of the tests is the radiochemical purity test. The aim of this study was to determinethe radiochemical purity of the fractionated sestamibi kit labelled by 50 mCi 99mTc. 2 vials of sestamibikit was fractionated by adding 5 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution to each vial and divided into 10 new vials.Radiochemical purity was measured using the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The resultsof this study indicated that all samples had radiochemical purity of 100% up to 6 hours after labellingKeywords: Radiopharmaceutical, 99mTc-sestamibi, fractionation, radiochemical purity
Isoniazid Microencapsulation With HPMCP HP-50 and HPMCP HP- 55 (2:3) Coating Using Solvent Evaporation Method
Authors: Ratih Hestiary , Kamilah Pratiwi Gladdis , Alatas Fikri , Agustin Mia , Dewinta Saraswati Bella
Published: July 2022

The combination formulation of tuberculosis drugs may cause interactions if these drugs are given simultaneously. Rifampin (RIF) decomposes in the stomach when given concurrently with isoniazid (INH), which results in a decrease in the bioavailability of RIF. The purpose of this study is to make INH microcapsules using HPMCP HP-50 and HP-55 coatings to prevent these interactions. The process of making INH: HPMCP HP-50 and HP-55 (2:3) microcapsules was done by using solvent evaporation method. The entrapment efficiency of INH: HPMCP HP-50 and HP-55 (2:3) were 83.21% and 91.57%, respectively. The dissolution test of INH: HPMCP HP-50 and HP-55 microcapsules met the requirements of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition V. The FTIR results showed that there was no change either in the chemical composition of isoniazid or in the coating of the microencapsulation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the active substance was well coated. This study produces microcapsules that can provide a delayed release effect, so it is expected that INH: HPMCP HP-50 and HP-55 (2:3) microcapsules can be released in the intestines without interacting with RIF.
The Visualization of the Impact of Covid-19 On Education Field: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Sagita Laela , Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has made researchers from various fields make fundamental contributions according to their expertise. One of which is in the education field. The field has created research results and published them in reputable journals to increase the readability for the community. The published researches provide an overview of the challenges of teaching and learning activities during the pandemic and the solutions offered. This study presents the analysis results using the Bibliometrix R-Package on 950 data sourced from the Scopus database during the years 1990-2022. The analysis and visualization results show contributors at various levels, including authors, institutions, and countries, as opportunities to open collaboration between researchers and institutions. In addition, the study also identified several keywords that can be used as an essential point to determine the novelty or direction of future research. Finally, this study contributes as a roadmap to potential research opportunities and significant implications for future education practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the field.
How Students Seek Information When Studying at Home? A Case Study in Pekalongan High Schools
Authors: Ummi Laila Salamah  , Ganggi Roro Isyawati Permata
Published: July 2022

The Covid-19 has hampered students’ activities to visit the library. Thus, it changes students’ behavior in accessing information once studying at home. This paper studied the information seeking behavior of high school students in Pekalongan during the pandemic. This study used descriptive quantitative methods that collect research data using online questionnaires to research respondents. The research sample used the simple random sampling technique. The data was then analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis of SPSS version 26th edition. The results showed that the information seeking behavior of high school students in Pekalongan during school from home occurs due to the Context of Information Needs (2, 88); Activating Mechanism (2.69) and risk/reward (3.07); Intervening variables in Psychological (3.08), Role-related or Interpersonal (3.37), Environmental (2.98), and Source Characteristics (2.68). Additionally,  indicating the level of information seeking, Passive Search (3.07), Active Search (2.79), Ongoing Search (3.04), and Information processing and use (2.74).
Assessment of laparoscopic working space in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) undergoing carbon dioxide insufflation at different intra-abdominal pressures
Authors: McCready Julianne E. , zur Linden Alex R. , Singh Ameet , Beaufrère Hugues H.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate pneumoperitoneal volumes (laparoscopic working space) in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) undergoing pneumoperitoneum via carbon dioxide insufflation at different intra-abdominal pressures (IAPs) (4, 6, and 8 mm Hg) and recumbencies (dorsal, right lateral, and left lateral).

ANIMALS

Six 3- to 4-month-old sexually intact female Hartley guinea pigs.

PROCEDURES

Guinea pigs were anesthetized, intubated, and had an abdominal insufflation catheter placed. A baseline abdominal CT scan was performed. Guinea pigs underwent insufflation, with each IAP given in a random order for 10 to 15 minutes with a washout period of 5 minutes between pressures. Abdominal CT scans were acquired at each IAP and at each recumbency. Pneumoperitoneal volumes were calculated using software.

RESULTS

Increases in IAP increased working space significantly (P < .001). The 6- and 8-mm Hg pressures increased working space from 4 mm Hg by 7.3% and 19.8%, respectively. Recumbent positioning (P = .60) and body weight (P = .73) did not affect working space. Order of IAP had a significant (P = .006) effect on working space. One of the guinea pigs experienced oxygen desaturation and bradycardia at 6- and 8-mm Hg IAP.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Although an increased working space occurred at 6 and 8 mm Hg compared to 4 mm Hg, further research is needed concerning the cardiovascular effects of pneumoperitoneum in guinea pigs to determine whether those higher IAPs are safe in this species. An IAP of 6 mm Hg can be considered for laparoscopic cannula placement, followed by a lower IAP for laparoscopic procedures.
Surgical treatment of deep neck infections in 19 dogs
Authors: Rajeev Meenakshi , Wallace Mandy L. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Grimes Janet A.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Describe clinical features, treatment, and outcomes in dogs with deep neck infections.

ANIMALS

19 dogs undergoing surgical treatment of deep neck infections from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2020.

PROCEDURES

Retrospective record review was conducted, with data collected including clinical signs; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); diagnostic imaging, surgical, and histopathologic findings; and follow-up. Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon rank sum were used to compare variables to NLR.

RESULTS

All dogs had cervical swelling, and 9 were febrile. On CT, a distinct mass or abscess (7/13) or abscessed lymph node (4/13) was common, with contrast enhancement (10/13), fluid tracking (8/13), and displacement of the trachea, pharynx, or larynx (6/13) also frequently seen. Foreign material was suspected on CT for 4 dogs and was identified at surgery or histopathology for 4 dogs, only 1 of which was suspected on CT. Histopathology most commonly revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation (14/15). Increasing NLR was moderately correlated to a decreased duration of clinical signs before presentation (ρ = –0.548; P = .035) and an increased length of hospitalization (ρ = 0.645; P = .009). Bacterial culture was submitted for all dogs, and polymicrobial infections were common (8/19). Broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials were commonly prescribed. Change in antimicrobial treatment based on culture was uncommon (3/19). All dogs survived to hospital discharge; 18 dogs with long-term follow-up had complete resolution of clinical signs.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

CT was useful to plan for surgery, and surgical treatment resulted in resolution of clinical signs in all dogs with long-term follow-up available. Empirical antimicrobial treatment, such as amoxicillin–clavulanic acid or ampicillin-sulbactam, should be considered.
Urbanization and land use change: A study in Vietnam
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Tran
Published: July 2022

Land-use change is a human process aimed at transforming the natural landscape and emphasizing the role and function of land for socio-economic activities. However, we do not know how the land transition in Vietnam has been proceeding recently. Thus, this article aims to examine the current urbanization process of land conversion in Vietnam. To explore the current situation and recent change of land use, the author analyzed standardized databases and maps from reports of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam (MoNRE), the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO), and the land cover map of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Research results show that the land transition in Vietnam has been similar to the world trend. The highest land conversion rate occurs in the North Central and Central Coast regions, but conversion of agricultural land for urbanization is mainly in the Red River Delta and Southeast. The study also noted some negative socio-economic impacts of land conversion on the lives of suburban residents.
A phytoindicational assessment of the vegetation of afforestation belts in the Middle Dnipro Region, Ukraine
Authors: Goncharenko Igor V. , Solomakha Igor V. , Shevchyk Vasyl L. , Dvirna Tetyana S. , Tymochko Igor Ya. , Solomakha Volodymyr A.
Published: July 2022

We performed a study of the vegetation of afforestation belts in the Middle Dnipro Region of Ukraine. These were planted to protect agricultural land from adverse climatic conditions. The syntaxonomy of these afforestation belts is, so far, embedded in the synanthropic class of Robinietea tree plantations, but over time, these may need another syntaxonomic solution. Based on the data, a phytoindicational assessment of these communities was performed. The ecological features of the vegetation of afforestation belts have been determined by the mutual influence of ecological factors of different origin, and the extent of these impacts. In particular, the climatic conditions and edaphic factors and also the peculiarities of the environment-forming influence of different dominant tree species in the main layers and the age of these plantations, which determines at different stages of sylvestral succession processes. According to our phytoindicational assessment, use of cluster analysis of these biotopes of afforestation belts, proved their considerable similarity taking into account all ecological factors, and the distribution is mainly due to the predominant tree species. As a result of ordination analysis, it was found that the factors that most correlate with the ordinal axes are light regime, soil nitrogen and humidity. Phytocoenoses of afforestation belts are a very specific component of the forest biome in this region, because they have been artificially created.
Emigrating to Depopulated Regions in Mediterranean Europe: Demographic Impact and Choice of Destination in a Case Study in North-East Spain (Aragon)
Authors: Palacios Adrián , Pinilla Vicente , Silvestre Javier
Published: July 2022

International migration to depopulated areas is a growing field of research; even more so in Spain, one of the European countries most affected by depopulation. This paper analyses, first, the demographic impact of immigration from other countries in Aragon, which has undergone an intense and long process of depopulation throughout most of its territory. Second, we examine the factors that explain the immigrants’ choice of destination. The analysis focuses on the period 2000–2016. The basic territorial units of the analysis are the municipality (NUTS 5) and the county (NUTS 4).
Bohemian Switzerland: Long-Term Spatiotemporal Transformations of Tourism Facilities in Rural Peripheries Between the Regulations and Access for All
Authors: Štěbetáková Michaela , Hruška Vladan , Raška Pavel
Published: July 2022

Bohemian Switzerland (České Švýcarsko) is a name that has been associated with the prominent area of sandstone landscapes located in Northern Czechia (Central Europe). Over the last centuries, the development of the area and the locational transformation of tourism facilities has been influenced by multiscalar effects of transforming geopolitical context, economic restructuring, and changing value orientation and expectation toward tourism and nature conservation. In this paper, we use narrative documentary sources to show how these changes affected the capacity, spatial diffusion and variability of tourist facilities and services in the area. In particular, we explore and discuss the ways in which public authorities and other groups of stakeholders attempted to balance the tourism-led local development and rights to public access with nature conservation and sustainable community livelihood.
Rural Areas in Poland – Changes Since Joining the European Union
Authors: Heffner Krystian , Twardzik Małgorzata
Published: July 2022

Rural areas are experiencing a dynamic, multidirectional change. It is the result of impact of many processes, including rapid, often spontaneous urbanisation and structural transformation in the agricultural sector and temporary and permanent movements of the population. Changes in the spatial structures of the countryside, on the one hand, influenced by European programmes and measures, linked to the processes of modernisation and organisation of rural settlements and economic systems. On the other hand, rapid economic development and spontaneous investment are resulting in the expansion of the urban forms of land use – not only in the immediate surroundings of the cities and towns, but also in remote, peripheral areas dominated until recently by farming. The paper presents the genesis of contemporary land use in rural areas in Poland, linking the countryside structures with the intensity and forms of residency and user economies in the rural areas. The main drivers of change, significantly affecting the emerging forms of farming villages, are processes of intensive suburbanisation and semi-urbanisation, the phenomenon of progressive peripherisation of large areas in different parts of the country, the depopulation of the countryside and profound changes in the demographic structure of the population, improvement of infrastructure and transport accessibility and economic revival of villages. There are also important issues related to advantages such as natural and cultural values of the village. The aim of the article is to present the main directions of functional and spatial transformations of rural areas in Poland from the beginning of the 21st century. The main hypothesis is that the development of rural areas in Poland proceeds in two directions: Urban “colonization”, which involves the invasion of both single- and multi-family housing in the surroundings of traditional villages and in areas previously used for agricultural purposes, is becoming increasingly widespread; this follows restructuring and diversification (spatial and functional) in urbanized rural areas. Much indicates that the rational development and use of rural areas will be one of the main challenges of Poland in the near future.
Mutual Funds’ Cost Persistence
Authors: Trzebiński Artur A.
Published: July 2022

The research aimed to check whether investment fund managers maintain costs similarly from period to period. The research verified the hypothesis that managers maintain costs in the subsequent periods at a similar level. The study used a method based on contingency tables which are used to analyse the persistence of performance. In this study, we replaced performance with costs, assuming that managers also control these values. Costs were defined as: (1) total costs, (2) total costs minus management fees and (3) active management costs (expressed as the active expense ratio). Based on the results obtained, it should be stated that managers maintain costs at a similar level from period to period in the case of the split using the median. On the other hand, the results indicate that the costs were not maintained at a similar level in subsequent periods when broken down into quartiles. Considering the detailed results for funds divided into quartiles, it is clearly visible that most managers keep the costs close to the average value. Less frequently, costs from period to period are changed to be allocated to the extreme quartiles.
The Role of Customs Procedures in Reduction of Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Costs in the Aviation Industry
Authors: Płaza Natalia , Žilinskienė Deimantė
Published: July 2022

Scope of the article will cover analysis of special customs procedures and other facilitations that can be used in MRO business. The two research questions that are answered in the paper are: what customs procedures can be used, how they work and if those can reduce costs of MRO operations significantly. There are two research methodological approaches used in this article: qualitative and quantitative. Results show a great difference in savings between two variants, in which one would present a very basic level of special customs procedures usage and a variant in which all presented possibilities would be applied. Research results showed many possibilities for changes in the customs strategy of a company interested in evolving it and generating savings from many facilitations due to usage of special customs procedures as well as a compact explanation of how the application of a special procedures process looks. This article may be interesting for both: scientists and specialists working in the field of customs as well as for the companies working internationally with a lot of imported materials needed to perform work on an engine or aircraft. The authors’ conclusion is that even small companies might learn a lot from the analysis given in this article, due to the fact that the knowledge gathered here can give a greater understanding of customs knowledge presented in this article, combined with knowledge about other taxes will give an extraordinary advantage on the market for companies in MRO, or a similar industry.
Estonia and Kazakhstan. Financial and Economic Fate of Economies After the Collapse of the USSR
Authors: Yembergenkyzy Nazym , Fałda Beata
Published: July 2022

The collapse of the USSR significantly affected the economic and political situation of all the republics which gained sovereignty as a result. Among them were countries such as Estonia and Kazakhstan. This article considers whether these countries have coped with the new political conditions. Using known economic indicators, a comparison was made of the economic and financial situation of both countries, pointing to the potential causes of diversification of their socio-economic development. Currently, Estonia is considered the most developed country of the 15 former members of the USSR, and Kazakhstan is in 5th place. The research carried out in this paper shows that the current economy of Kazakhstan is clearly moving away from that Estonia needs radical measures to achieve economic acceleration. The authors, analyzing the strategic activity of Estonia and Kazakhstan and the independence of financial management, concluded that these have had a significant impact on the current state of economic and financial development of the countries in question.
Biological parameters of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, on local grapevine varieties in central Syria – Implications on their susceptibility
Authors: Idris I. , Asaad A. , Houssian K. , Kalefa I.
Published: July 2022

Biological parameters of phylloxera local strains as well as infestation were studied on Syrian grapevine varieties including Baladi, Salamone, Karawane, Hafarzale, Gharbe and the American resistance rootstock (ARR-B41) (Vitis vinifera x Vitis berlandieri). Root artificial infestation method revealed significant differences in phylloxera population between the majority of tested varieties comparing to the ARR-B41 rootstock. Hafarzale and Karawane have shown the lowest population of grape phylloxera, with a similar level of resistance to rootstock ARR-B41. Furthermore, Salamone and Gharbe are more conducive to grape phylloxera reproduction. Field investigation has shown significant differences between the local varieties and ARR-B41 in terms of the average number of galls “nodosities”. Overall, Hafarzale and Karawane tended to form significantly fewer galls than the other varieties.
Differential STBC NOMA: A new approach to downlink cooperative NOMA
Authors: Jaffri Zain ul Abidin , Khan Mohsin , Ahmad Zeeshan , Chen Yu
Published: July 2022

Due to the ability of massive connectivity, large bandwidth, and low latency, the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered the best approach for the 5th generation and beyond. However, the system performance is declined when the number of users is increased as each user will experience a great number of successive interface cancelations (SIC) in the downlink. To improve system performance, the NOMA is combined with cooperative communication which gives more spectral efficiency and fairness as compared to non-cooperative NOMA. Furthermore, space-time block code (STBC)- cooperative NOMA-based users experienced less SIC as compared to conventional CNOMA. This paper evaluates the performance of differential STBC-CNOMA with keeping in mind the imperfect SIC, channel state information (CSI), and timing synchronization between distributed cooperating users. The simulations results show that differential STBC-CNOMA gives high performance in terms of outage probability and sum rate analysis as compared to simple STBC-NOMA and conventional CNOMA. Hence, the differential STBC-CNOMA seems to be a better and more effective solution to enhance system performance.
Flawed implemented cryptographic algorithm in the Microsoft ecosystem
Authors: Pocarovsky Stefan , Koppl Martin , Orgon Milos
Published: July 2022

With the continuous development in the electronic chip field, the requirements for the security of IT infrastructures are also increasing. The need for ever-increasing key lengths in cryptography to maintain security cannot grow indefinitely. One of the solutions in the field of cryptography for using shorter keys while maintaining security is cryptography based on the principle of elliptic curves. Asymmetric elliptic curve cryptosystems lies in solving the discrete logarithm problem on an elliptic curve. However, not only secure algorithm but also its correct implementation is important. In this paper, we discuss an incorrect implementation of the ECC algorithm in the crypt32.dll library (Microsoft Windows) and the possibilities of its misuse.
Pixel level vacuum packaging for single layer microbolometer detectors with on pixel lens
Authors: Tanrikulu M. Yusuf
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a new approach for fabrication of single layer microbolometer detectors featuring pixel level vacuum packaging together with a lens on the pixel. The proposed lens structure can be used to increase the fill factor of the detector so that the pixel size can be decreased without decreasing the minimum feature size in the detector which is a problem in single layer microbolometers. The designs of the lens and the fabrication process of pixel level vacuum packaged microbolometer detector together with this lens are given in the framework of this study. The optical and mechanical simulations of the structure are performed. The radius of curvature of the lens is optimized to be 25 μm and it is shown that the condensing efficiency is 100% for 3 μm lens-detector distance. The deflection in the lens structure is found approximately as 0.8 nm in 1 atm environment pressure, showing that the proposed structure is durable. The proposed structure increases the fill factor to twice of the original value without decreasing the minimum feature size in the fabrication processes, resulting in the same amount of improvement in the performance of the detector. This approach can also be used to increase the yield and decrease the fabrication cost of single layer and also standard microbolometers with small pixel sizes, as it integrates the vacuum packaging in the fabrication steps.
Robust boundary of stability and design of robust controller in uncertain polytopic linear systems
Authors: Paulusová Jana , Körösi Ladislav , Veselý Vojtech
Published: July 2022

This paper is devoted to design of a robust controller for an uncertain continuous-time linear polytopic system. The design procedure will take place in two steps. In the first step, we calculate the robust stability boundary of a closed loop system. Then on the basis of the result obtained in this way, we select a robust controller design method that accepts the calculated stability boundary. This procedure allows better implementation of the second step of the designed robust controller. Two examples of application of the proposed method follow finally, which illustrate its effectiveness.
Waveguide power phase shifter with a ferrite circulator in S-band
Authors: Popela Miroslav , Láčík Jaroslav , Dražan Libor
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the application of a phase shifter with a ferrite Y-circulator in band S. Global literature addresses primarily the basic types of power waveguide phase shifters, however, there has been minimal literature on a phase shifter that uses a ferrite circulator for phase shifting. The paper describes theoretical and practical results where a ferrite circulator is used to shift the phase. A power phase shifter utilizing a ferrite circulator could be used in power applications where high demands are placed on the phase shift accuracy with minimal power losses. The phase shift is handled by a tunable waveguide short circuit that is connected to the port 2 of the ferrite circulator. By changing the waveguide length, the phase is changed. The measured results are compared with theoretical calculations and evaluated. The proposed phase shifter utilizing the ferrite circulator has its advantages in its simple design, in the accuracy of the phase adjustment and in the speed of the tuning. Another great advantage is its quite low cost due to its simple design.
Reducing Thermal Crack Risks Caused by Restraint in Young Concrete - A Case Study on Walls of Water Tanks
Authors: Al-Gburi Majid , Jonasson Jan-Erik , Nilsson Martin
Published: July 2022

Concrete cracks in structures such as water tanks and nuclear power stations cause anxiety to owners, contractors and engineers. These cracks may significantly increase the structure’s permeability and thus increase leakage, reduce durability, and eventually lead to loss of structural functionality. Therefore it is important to minimize their occurrence and size. To identify effective ways of minimizing cracking in young concrete segments, a parametric study was conducted using the finite element method (FEM). Parameters considered include casting sequence, joint position, wall height, and cooling. The study examined continuous and jumped casting approaches to the casting of a cylindrical reinforced concrete tank for a sewage-treatment plant, with and without the application of the ‘kicker’ technique in which the lower part of the wall is cast with the slab. The main cause of cracking is thermal change and restraint imposed by adjacent older structures, and the FEM predictions agree well with experimental observations. Continuous casting is most effective at minimizing cracking because it creates only two contact edges between newly cast and existing structures producing the lowest level of restraint. The kicker technique is shown to be very effective for reducing restraint and consider rephasing.
Effect of Set Accelerator on Properties of Wet Sprayed Concrete
Authors: Trussell Nicholas , Cepuritis Rolands , Jacobsen Stefan
Published: July 2022

This paper describes sprayed concrete experiments varying the set accelerator dose. Literature on the hydration of cement with modern alkali-free set accelerators is reviewed and two full scale wet spraying experiments have been conducted, varying the dose of set accelerator in each. The effects on the properties of the hardening and hardened sprayed concrete were investigated by field and laboratory testing. Increasing the set accelerator dose was found to increase the rate of early age strength development but reduce density, long term strength and increase suction porosity of hardened sprayed concrete.
Del Conectoma Humano, al Conectoma Verde Urbano
Authors: Avid Nava Eunice María , Winfield Reyes Fernando Noel
Published: July 2022

El presente ensayo emerge del trabajo de investigación doctoral “Redes verdes urbanas como conectoma para la resiliencia climática. Modelo de Evaluación Sistémica”, considerando campos disciplinares como el verde urbano, la conectómica y la resiliencia, vinculados a su comprensión desde el enfoque sistémico, la evaluación urbana, los sistemas de información geográfica y la ecología del paisaje, entre otros afines. La parte que aquí se desarrolla, es la premisa de las redes verdes urbanas entendidas como conectoma, mediante las aportaciones detectadas en el campo de las neurociencias, que facilitan la comprensión de la diversidad de escalas, la multimodalidad de conexiones, patrones y estructuras que pueden observarse en el cerebro, así como en la ciudad; del conectoma humano o mapa de conexiones cerebrales, al conectoma urbano para comprender la ciudad, como ejemplo de urbanismo transdisciplinar.
Fermions, Gauge Bosons and Higgs Masses in the 3-3-1-1 Model with Charged Lepton
Authors: Si Dang Trung , Thanh Phong Nguyen , Nha Nguyen Hua Thanh
Published: July 2022

A new version of 3-3-1-1 model proposed can solve the Landau pole problem of the previous versions. The masses of fermions are calculated in detail where the masses of active neutrinos are generated through the seesaw mechanism. All the Higgs bosons and gauge bosons as well as their masses are identified and calculated.
Highly Selective Separation of CO2 and H2 by MIL-88A Metal Organic Framework
Authors: Ngoc Son Do , Thi Xuan Huynh Nguyen , Thoai Nam , Trung Kien Pham
Published: July 2022

CO2 capture is indispensable for a cleaner environment and the mitigation of global warming. The pre-combustion CO2 capture relates to the separation of CO2 from H2 in the syngas mixture. Recently, metal-organic frameworks have proven to be excellent candidates for this purpose. In the current work, MIL-88A (Fe, V, Ti, Sc) were studied for the first time by using the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations for the CO2/H2 mixture. The adsorption capacity of CO2 and H2 in the absence and presence of water medium in MIL-88A was analyzed. We found that the magnitude of the CO2 capacity is many times higher than that of the H2 capacity, which leads to rather high CO2/H2 selectivity. The presence of water decreases the maximum selectivity of MIL-88A(Fe), increases that of MIL-88A(Ti and Sc), while it influences differently on the maximum selectivity of MIL-88A(V) for the different CO2/H2 mole fractions. The order of the maximum selectivity was found to be MIL-88A(Sc) > MIL-88A(Ti) > MIL-88A(V) > MIL-88A(Fe). The MIL-88A(Sc) achieved the maximum CO2/H2 selectivity of ~ 900 and 1300 in the absence and the presence of water medium, respectively. These values are significantly higher than those of many well-known metal-organic frameworks. The favorable adsorption sites of the CO2/H2 mixture in MIL-88A were also elucidated.
Dependence of Hydrothermal Time on Structural Characteristics and Photocatalytic Properties of SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Tuan Pham Van , Hieu Le Trung , Tan Vu Thi , Tuong Hoang Ba , Hoa Tran Thi Quynh , Sang Nguyen Xuan , Khiem Tran Ngoc
Published: July 2022

In this work, SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method using SnCl4.5H2O and NaOH at 180 °C for different hydrothermal times. The effect of hydrothermal time on the crystal structure, morphology, chemical bonding, and photocatalytic properties of SnO2 nanoparticles was studied. Structural and morphological characteristics of SnO2 nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron scanning microscopy analyses. Chemical bonding and absorption properties of materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Photocatalytic properties of SnO2 nanoparticles were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible-light irradiation.
Fabricating Microsphere Lasers by Protein Dehydration: A Fast Fabrication Method and Excellent Lasing Properties
Authors: Toan Nguyen Van , Nhat Pham Van , Van Duong Ta
Published: July 2022

Microsphere biolasers have attracted a great deal of interest due to their potential in biosensing and cell-tracking. Various fabrication techniques have been explored for making microsphere biolasers, such as freeze-drying in a vacuum, standard oil in water dispersion procedure and protein dehydration in a solvent. The protein dehydration is highly interesting due to its simplicity and fast processing time. In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of microsphere biolasers using protein dehydration in decanol and demonstrate that the fabrication process can speed up if the solvent is heated. When the solvent is heated to 60 °C, the fabrication time is reduced to half compared with the case when the sample is made at room temperature. Interestingly, while heating the solvent helps to decrease the fabrication time, it does not affect the lasing properties of the samples. The lasing thresholds of microsphere biolasers fabricated at 25 °C and 60 °C are similar. Furthermore, lasing operation under continuous pumping and lasing stability against storing time are also investigated. A typical 42 µm microsphere can still lase upon 2×104 excitation pulses. Lasers can work well after being stored for 12 weeks under ambient conditions.