bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear Regression Analysis on Dyeing of Feather Fibers with Acid Dyes
Authors: Zhao Yu Ping , Zhang Juan , Zheng Lai Jiu , Wei Ju , Ye Fang
Published: July 2012

Feather fibers dyed with the weak acid dyes in ultrasonic conditions. Influence of different dyeing time and dyeing temperature on dye uptake and the formaldehyde content was discussed through the multiple linear regression analysis method, respectively. This paper discussed the correlation between dye uptake, the formaldehyde content and dyeing time, dyeing temperature, and established linear regression equation of dye uptake, the formaldehyde content with different dyeing process conditions, respectively. The best dyeing time was 45min and the best dyeing temperature was 80°C, according to the linear regression equation. The experimental results showed that dye uptake could achieve 92.1% and the highest value of the formaldehyde content was 33.09 mg/kg. The linear regression of dye uptake and the formaldehyde content had a high fitting precision and a good predicting ability, which can be of guiding significance to the actual production.
Effect of Water-Resistance Agent on the Performance and Surface Sizing Behavior of Styrene Acrylate Emulsion (SAE)
Authors: Xu Jian Feng , Long Ling , Hu Hui Ren , Bo Yan
Published: July 2012

A series of starch-based styrene acrylate emulsion (SAE) modified with water-resistance agent were prepared by introducing rosin, organosilane(γ-amino propyl triethoxysilane (KH550), γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-propytrimethoxysilane(KH560) and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570) as the functional monomer, respectively. In the reaction, starch(CS-8), which is low relative viscosity, was used as the emulsifier and dispersant. The optimum conditions of the reaction had especially been studied by orthogonal experiment and then the emulsion properties and surface sizing behaviors of the SAE modified with different kinds of water-resistance agents were compared. Finally, the products which had excellent properties were characterized and the sizing performance was investigated. The results showed that the excellent performance and good sizing effects of styrene acrylate emulsion (SAE) were achieved when the reaction conditions were as follows: rosin was selected as the water resistance-agent with the dosage of 2%(wt), the reaction temperature was 88°C, the mass ratio of St and BA was 9:11, the stirring speed was 130 round per minute and the dosage of initiator (APS), cationic monomer (DM) and CS-8 was 0.5%, 2%(wt) and 7%, respectively. The water-resistance properties of starch-based SAE were significantly improved by using rosin as the water-resistance agent and the surface sizing performance were better than that of the commercial AKD.
Application of Optical Brightening Agent in Wet End and Surface Sizing
Authors: Wang Hui Li , Wang Zhe , Liu Wen Xia , Cao Le Pan
Published: July 2012

The Optical Brightening Agent (OBA) used in papermaking is mainly the compounds which are diaminostilbene disulfonic acid derivatives. The three types of the compounds were investigated in the paper to brighten papersheet. The brightness could be enhanced limitedly when OBA was added in wet end or applied in surface sizing respectively. The synergy of the two types OBA is obviously and cost-effectively. The brightness of the sheet reach the peak when the percentage of AP is 35~45%.
Silicon Resonant Micro Pressure Sensor and Micro Resonant Accelerometer
Authors: Shi Xin , Guan Zheng Zheng , Wu Hua
Published: July 2012

Silicon micro resonant pressure sensor and accelerometer are kinds of new gauging instruments. Both the silicon micro resonant pressure sensor and accelerometer have the particular advantages and become the key development direction of micro sensors. The introduction of silicon micro resonant pressure sensor is carried out first in this paper. The work theory and development tendency of resonant pressure sensor are discussed in detail. And then, the silicon resonant accelerometer is studied. The research development statuses of resonant beam accelerometer and development tendency are taken to analysis in this paper.
A New Defect Detection Method of Ultrasonic TOFD Image for Lateral Waves Suppression
Authors: Lin Nai Chang , Yang Xiao Xiang
Published: July 2012

TOFD (Time of flight diffraction) is suitable for the weld defects in the detection and has been widely used in the vessel of pressure. To widen the range of detection in TOFD and the removal of the background wave, a new lateral wave suppression method for TOFD image is proposed. Firstly, ultrasound TOFT image signal of the model is established. Secondly, a new searching clustering algorithm is proposed. Then, it is used to lateral wave suppression. The results show that the lateral wave can be eliminated effectively even if lateral waves are shaking seriously.
Study of the Orientation Detection of PVC-O Pipe by Rayleigh Waves
Authors: Shangguan Zhou Xin , Wu Da Ming , Xu Hong , Liu Ying , Abddiem Tofek , Hou Li Jun
Published: July 2012

The hoop orientation degree of PVC-O pipes is an important factor to the evaluation of forming quality. In this paper, according to the propagation characteristic, Rayleigh wave was utilized to explore the orientation degree of the PVC-O pipes. The Rayleigh wave test is consistent with the longitudinal wave test in charactering the orientation degree of the pipes. The results shows that Rayleigh wave is very sensitive to orientation structure, and it is feasible to be used in the hoop orientation detection of the PVC-O pipes. Due to the simple manner of the detection, the method mentioned in this paper provided the possibility of on-line detection for the orientation of PVC-O pipes.
Initial Allocation of Emission Rights Difficulties and Solution Strategies
Authors: Zhu Yong , Zou Yun Feng , Zhang Yan Hua
Published: July 2012

Being as a China's environmental management policy Emissions trading system is an important innovation, it has been adopt for many years, but the initial allocation of emission rights is becoming a constraining bottleneck in the implementation of China's emissions trading depth. In this paper, tracing the initial allocation of emission rights at home and abroad related to the theory and practice based on the analysis of our initial allocation of emission rights by the current difficulties exist. This legislation recognized property rights from the environment. The environmental capacity of the scientific definition, and market-based emissions trading and other dimensions of proposed initial allocation of emission rights to promote a fair, impartial and efficient response to protect its trade measures to promote domestic emissions trading depth provides a new idea.
Catalyzed Oxidation of Cyclohexane over Co-Bi2(MoO4)3 Catalysts
Authors: Gao Su Ling , Jia Tai Xuan , Liu Zi Li
Published: July 2012

The effect of catalyst on the performance of liquid-phase selective oxidation of cyclohexane as probe reaction over Co-Bi2(MoO4)3 prepared by precipitation method was investigated. The catalyst evaluation results show that the optimum catalyst atomic ratio is n(Mo):n(Bi):n(Co)=1.5:1:0.2 with high selecivity under certain conversion. Meanwhile selective oxidation of Bi2(MoO4)3 was slowed down, selecivity of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol reached 74.1%, 22.2% respectively.The main composition of the catalyst is Bi2(MoO4)3. Co-Bi2(MoO4)3 had new catalyst sites with Bi3+, Mo6+ and Co2+ having a cooperative effects during oxidation of cyclohexane. Under this condition, selecivity of cyclohexanone improved greatly. Micro-structure and essence disciplinarian of Co-Bi2(MoO4)3 were disclosed by XRD and FTIR. This study could provide experimental data for the technical reform of industry equipment.
Preparation of Mesoporous MCM-41 in Open-Vessel for Catalytic Synthesis of Geranyl Propionate
Authors: Tang Xiao Hong , Li Bao Jun , Han Chun Liang , Wang Jin , Li Cheng Wei
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the synthesis of mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 was carried out in an open-vessel. The mesoporous structure of as-synthesized MCM-41 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectrum, NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The catalytic performances of MCM-41 for the synthesis of geranyl propionate (GP) with geraniol and propionic acid as reagents also were investigated. The characterization results show that the as-synthesized MCM-41 possesses typical hexagonal mesoporous structure with high long-range order and crystalline degree. The high GP selectivity of 64.25% with geraniol conversion of 17.21% was achieved under optimum conditions.
Ultra-Low Interfacial Tension and Retention of Internal Olefin Sulfonate (IOS) for EOR
Authors: Sun Li Mei , Gao Guo Qiang , Wang Lu Shan , Tian Zhong Qiang , Cui Jie , Skauge Arne
Published: July 2012

Surfactant ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) for internal olefin sulfonate with iso-amylalcohol (IAA) as co-solvent against heptane, octane and decane at 20 °C, 50 °C, and 90 °C respectively have been systematically investigated, as well as the dynamic retention in porous media. The results show for oils with alkane carbon number from 7 to 10 and temperature from 20 °C to 90 °C, optimal salinity starts from 6.5 wt% to 11.6 wt% NaCl, where ultra-low IFT occurs. While at high salinity (at least from 6 wt% NaCl ), the retention is too high for surfactant flooding to be applicable. Only internal olefin sulfonate with co-solvent alone can not provide a perfect formulation with ultra-low IFT and low retention.
Study of Fe2O3/H2O2 Fenton-Like Oxidation and Mineralization of Anion Surfactant
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Ting , Feng Hui Xia
Published: July 2012

Fe2O3/H2O2, a kind of Fenton-like agent, was used to degrade an anion surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)，in an aqueous solution. Through a number of batch degradation experiments under various conditions, it was found that the reactivity of the system increased by increasing temperature. The SDBS degradation ratio will increase by, respectively, increasing H2O2 concentration and Fe2O3 dosage at some extent, but too high H2O2 concentration or Fe2O3 dosage will decrease the degradation efficiency. pH value has some influences on the reactivity of the system; from 2 to 10, the system maintains high efficiencies all the time. It also can be seen that Fe2O3/H2O2 Fenton-like reaction almost has the same efficiency as homogeneous Fenton reaction, while the former has a widely pH range (2-10), and Fe2O3 can be separated easily and has no secondary pollutants.
Kinetic Study of the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane over Mg3(VO4)2 Catalyst
Authors: Jin Mei , Lu Ping , Yu Guo Xian
Published: July 2012

A Mg3(VO4)2catalyst was synthesized and investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to cyclohexene. Integral measurements were performed to determine the reaction network and products distribution, and differential measurements for kinetic investigations. The kinetic study indicated the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to cyclohexene follow a parallel-consecutive network. The power law kinetic model was considered as a rough approximation of the experimental results. The rate constants, which included the activation energies, the pre-exponential factors as well as the orders of cyclohexane and oxygen, were evaluated.
Synthesis of Benzaldehyde 1, 2-Propanediol Acetal by Using Ionic Liquid [Hmim]HSO4 as Catalyst
Authors: Sun Xue Nan , Cui Li , Xu Tong Kuan , Wang Da Zhi
Published: July 2012

Benzaldehyde 1, 2-propanediol acetal was synthesized from benzaldehyde and 1, 2-propanediol in the presence of ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4. The effect of the amount of catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of raw materials agent on the product yield was investigated respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4is a good catalyst for preparation of benzaldehyde 1, 2-propanediol acetal. Results showed the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of benzaldehyde to 1, 2-propanediol is 1：1.3, the amount of catalyst is 3.0g, the reaction temperature is 343K, and the reaction time is 4h. The achieved yield of acetal is 78. 7%.
Reaction Characteristic of MeAPSO-34 (Me=Mn, Co) Catalysts for Olefins Production from Dimethyl Ether
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Lee Su Gyung , Kang Eun Jee , Kim Hyo Sub , Park Chu Sik
Published: July 2012

In DME to olefins (DTO) reaction, SAPO-34 catalyst with CHA structure is well known to be one of the catalysts with good performance. However, the SAPO-34 catalyst is easily deactivated due to coke deposition during DTO reaction. In this study, MeAPSO-34 catalysts (Me=Mn, Co) were prepared for the increase of the catalyst lifetime and their properties have been characterized by XRD and SEM. The DTO reaction was carried out over the MeAPSO-34 catalysts, and the results were compared with the SAPO-34 catalyst. The lifetime of MeAPSO-34 catalysts with high DME conversion and selectivity of light olefins was prolonged than that of the SAPO-34 catalyst. It may be concluded that the decrease of strong acid sites, which were responsible for the formation of coke, affect on the lifetime of the MeAPSO-34 catalysts. In addition, the CoAPSO-34 catalyst with a Co additive showed the best performance in terms of the catalytic lifetime and the selectivity to light olefins.
Mechanisms of Enhancing Recovery of the Superficial Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Fu Sheng , Ouyang Jian , Wang De Wei , Feng Xin Fang , Xu Li Qing
Published: July 2012

The core displacement experiments show that displacement system containing chemical agent can enhance oil recovery by over 20% comparing to water flooding. Mechanisms by which chemical agent enhance oil recovery of heavy oil reservoir water flooding are: (1) improving mobility ratio by significantly decreasing viscosity of heavy oil, volumetric sweep efficiency is improved; (2) increasing capillary number by significantly decreasing oil-water interfacial tension, oil displacement efficiency is increased; (3) changing wettability of the rock surface from oil-wet to water-wet by significantly reducing the contact angle between displacement liquid and sandstone surface, capillary force is changed from the resistance force to the motive force, the residual oil is expelled from the small pores and the wall of pores, oil displacement efficiency is significantly increased.
Hydrolysis Kinetics of Straw Biomass Catalyzed by Diluted Sulphuric Acid in the Present of Fe2+
Authors: Jiang Chong Wen , Bai Can Chen , Xiao Hao
Published: July 2012

This study focuses on kinetics of straw hydrolysis using sulfuric acid catalyst to produce fermentable sugars. The result shows the degradation of sugars is encountered during the hydrolysis of straw biomass. A consecutive first-order reactions kinetic model is proposed and the kinetic model well agrees with the experimental data. It turns out that rate of sugar formation and degradation is small at lower experimental temperature. The reactions rates constant k1 including the formation of sugar begins to increase rapidly when the Fe2+concentration increases from 0.125 to 0.500molL-1. However, the rate constant k2 relevant with the degradation of sugar varies unsensibly below 0.375molL-1 Fe2+and it is accelerated as the Fe2+concentration increases to 0.500molL-1. Thus the optimum yield is obtained at 0.375molL-1 Fe2+concentration.
Ternary Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes Based on POSS
Authors: Chen Qiao , Shao Fang Ke , Wu Gang
Published: July 2012

The sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/bisphenol S diglycidyl ether (DEBS)/POSS ternary hybrids is designed and prepared to incorporate POSS into SPEEK to form a new cross-linked proton exchange membrane (PEM). Compared with the SPEEK, the ternary hybrids possesses lower water uptake (WU) and linear expansion (LE), but higher proton conductivity. The proton conductivity of SPEEK/DEBS/POSS can reach to 1.1×10-1 S/cm.
Optimization of Base-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oil
Authors: Zhao Yun , Xu Xin Miao , Zheng Jun Ren , Li Ze Qun
Published: July 2012

Keywords: Biodiesel, Base catalyst, Waste Fried Oil, Orthogonal design Abstract: In this article the biodiesel production procedure of base-catalyzed esterification was studied, and the optimal conditions of preparation were brought up. By applying orthogonal design, the optimal conditions of base-catalyzed esterification from waste frying oil with acid value of 4 mg/l KOH were: methanol/oil ratio, 8:1; catalyst dose, 1% oil weight; temperature, 85°C; reaction time, 1.5 h. The maximum oil conversion rate of 90% was achieved. The influence of each factor on the oil production in descending order was: methanol/oil ratio > catalyst dose > temperature > reaction time. The biodiesel refinement was carried out with three types of rinsing solutions: distilled water, satirized NaCl solvent and glacial acetic acid. Rinsing times, soap removing rate and final acid value of the biodiesel were considered as the critical factors in evaluating the effectiveness of the rinsing solution on the biodiesel refinement. The results turned out that the most suitable rinsing method for industrial application was rinsing with saturated NaCl solvent.
Phase Separation Characteristics of Pressurized Bunsen Reaction for Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Process
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Kim Hyo Sub , Han Sang Jin , Park Chu Sik , Bae Ki Kwang , Lee Jong Gyu
Published: July 2012

The Sulfur-Iodine (SI) thermochemical hydrogen production process is promising method for the massive production of hydrogen using the high temperature thermal energy of VHTR. For continuous operation of SI process, the conditions of Bunsen reaction are considered as the pressurized conditions with ca. 373~393K temperature and the composition of Bunsen products should be kept constant during the reaction. Therefore, we carried out the continuous Bunsen reaction using a counter-current flow reactor at pressurized condition to investigate the phase separation characteristics of pressurized Bunsen reaction. As the results, the composition of Bunsen product was maintained constantly as the evidence for the steady-state operation. The continuous reaction was operated without occurrence of side reactions, and a H2SO4 phase and HIx phase as the product contains a small amount of impurities (HI in a H2SO4 phase and H2SO4 in a HIx phase). We concluded that the pressurized Bunsen reaction is favorable to the continuous operation of SI process than the atmospheric reaction.
Research on Bleaching Processes of Natural Cane Fiber by Ultrasonic
Authors: Sun Zhen Xu , Zhao Yu Ping , Song Ruo Yuan , Qian Yong Fang
Published: July 2012

The effects of ultrasonic on bleaching of cane fiber were discussed in this paper. Ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic time, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide, temperature and pH value were optimized by the single factor experiment. The bleached fiber was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope. The results showed the optimum processing parameters as follows: ultrasonic time 40 min, ultrasonic frequency 33 KHz (first 20 min); 55 KHz (second 20 min), temperature 90°C and the concentration of the hydrogen 30 ml/L, pH value 10.5. In the above conditions, the best bleaching effect was achieved.
Synergistic Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Ginger Polyphenols by Ultrasound Wave and Microwave
Authors: Tang Shi Rong , Song Hui , Chen Ying Jia , Zhu Chun Hua
Published: July 2012

Synergistic extraction technology of ginger polyphenols and antioxidant activities were studied. The extraction yield of total polyphenols with ultrasound wave and microwave synergistic extraction amounted to 4.66% of dry ginger and the content of 6-gingerol of ginger extract was up to 9.29%, whereas the extraction yield of total phenols with Soxhlet extraction for 2 hours for three times was no more than 3.48% of dry ginger and the content of 6-gingerol was only 4.02%. The antioxidant activities were investigated employing various established in vitro systems such as reductive power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. These scavenging abilities all increased with its increasing concentration, and the inhibiting effects to reductive power, DPPH radical and lipid peroxidation were markedly better than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the inhibiting effect to hydroxyl radical was a less effective compared to BHT. All these results indicate that ultrasound wave and microwave synergistic extraction is a rapid extraction method with a good selectivity, and the ginger extract has good scavenging effect, compared with BHT, determine its potential as a natural preservative.
Fischer Esterification Promoted by Recyclable Brönsted Acidic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Liu Jun , Huang Bao Hua , Liu Hong , Li Zi Jin , Zhang Kun
Published: July 2012

A series of Brönsted acidic ionic liquids based on 2-pyrrolidonium, 1-methylimidazolium, morpholinium and 4-methylmorpholinium cations ([Hnhp]+, [Hmim]+, [Hnhm]+ and [Hnmm]+) with anions HSO4ˉ and BF4ˉ, were synthesized. Their catalytic activities in the esterification of n-butyric acid with ethanol were studied and the relationships between catalysis performance and acidity were discussed. The optimum conditions of the esterification were determined as follows: 80 °C oil bath, n (n-butyric acid): n (ethanol): n ([Hnhp]HSO4) = 1:1.2:0.4 and t = 2 h, the yield of ethyl butyrate could reach 86%. There is no appreciable decrease of catalyst activity of [Hnhp]HSO4 after 5 cyclic repetitions.
Application of Solid Nitric Deplugging Technology
Authors: Wang Ji Gang , Zhang Zhe Ming , Wang Li Li , Wang Hong Bin , Wang Da
Published: July 2012

In order to conquer the disadvantages of conventional acidizing,various special acidizing technology has been developed recent years.For instance, added mud acid into drilling mud is not able to remove the contaminant effectively, especially barium sulphide of drill fluid,however, if added some EDTA into mud acid,this problem can be resolved smoothly.Along with the gradual development of acidizing technology,considering the limitations of mud acid to certain rock and clay,a new acidizing material called nitric powder was developed.When the proportion of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:3,the mixture will be renamed nitrohydrochloric acid.Nitrohydrochloric acid can dissolve organic material and inanimate matter efficiently,theoretically speaking,this deliquescence may reach 100%，which greatly improved acidizing effect.
Study on Synthesis of Environmental Waterborne Polyurethane
Authors: Zheng Lin Lu , Xie Hong Lu , Wu Yan Ling , Huang Jian Hua
Published: July 2012

A MDI-based waterborne polyurethane emulsion(PU) was synthesized by the reaction of polyester glycol(PBA), di-methylol propionic acid(DMPA) with 4,4`-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) instead of toluene di-isocyanatotoluene(TDI) because of its low toxicity, low saturated vapor pressure. The factors influencing the properties of waterborne polyurethane emulsion were discussed. It was observed that the appearance and properties of the PU emulsion were nearly related with the ratio of NCO/OH(R) and the amount of DMPA.
Mathematical Model Incorporated Fractal Geometry and Permeability of Compressed Peanut and Sesame for Oil Extraction
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Wang Jing Zhou , Lin Guo Xiang , Sun Zhi Xian , He Don Ping
Published: July 2012

Considering the fractal characteristic of oilseed cake, the relationship between the permeability and the pore fractal dimension of peanut and sesame cake has been investigated. The microstructures of peanut and sesame cake under five applied pressures are measured by using stereo light microscope and Image-pro image analyzer. Using the box-counting method, the fractal dimensions of pore size distributions are measured. A mathematical model incorporated fractal dimension and permeability has been developed to predicate the permeability of compressed peanut and sesame under cold condition based upon combining Hagen-Poiseulle equation with Darcy’s law for flow of fluid through porous media. There is a prediction of permeability of peanut and sesame cake. Thus, a measurement is carried out for validation. The values of mean relative errors are 19.4% and 11.4 respectively. A fairly good agreement is obtained in the case of high applied pressure. And there exists a tendency that the value of the difference between the theoretical calculation and the permeability measurement decrease significantly with the increase of applied pressure.
Experimental Study of Rheological Characteristics of Polymer Melts in the Micro-Die
Authors: Abddiem Tofek , Wu Da Ming , Zhuang Jian , Hou Li Jun , Liu Ying , Meng Li Min , Shangguan Zhou Xin
Published: July 2012

Compared with in the conventional scales, the rheological properties of polymer melts have changed in the micro-scales. Based on the principle of capillary flow and modified with the method of Bagley or zero die micro-die, the rheological characteristics of polypropylene (PP) were investigated using the HAAKE capillary rheometer under the micro-die and conventional die. The results show that: the viscosity of polymer melt modified with the method of bagley or zero die micro-die in the different L/D ratio of micro-die is the same and the shear viscosity of PP decreases with the increase of shear rate; Compared with the viscosity in the conventional scales, the measured viscosity of PP in the micro-scales was reduced by 46% in 0.25mm diameter die, 44% in the 0.20mm diameter die and 88% in the 0.15mm diameter die at the same shear rate; a layer of fixed polymer melt was found in the inwall of the micro-die through the calculation of wall slip rate.
Experimental Research about High-Concentration Polymer Flooding in 6th Oil Production Plant of Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Fan Wen Jie , Su Yan Chang , Li Yi Qiang
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the high concentration polymer oil flooding experiments were first carried out on two artificial cores that with different Permeability (1000×10-3μm2 and 1700×10-3μm2) by using various concentrations of the polymer respectively(2000mg/L, 3000mg/L, 4000mg/L, 5000mg/L).The relationship between the polymer concentration and oil recovery was given, the upper limit of the polymer concentration was obtained according to the oil displacement efficiency, and the feasibility of the polymer concentration upper limit was investigated. Then it was found that higher produced water polymer concentrations were needed if the same the oil displacement efficiency was reached compared those fresh water polymer solutions by comparing the oil displacement efficiency that using produced water polymer solutions and fresh water polymer solutions.
The Research about Polycarboxylate-Based Hardening Accelerating and Water Reducing Admixture
Authors: Liu Jin Qiang , Hao Bin
Published: July 2012

According to the demanded functions, a novel hardening accelerating and water reducing admixture has been excogitated which is based on a polycarboxylate superplasticizer and cooperated with some other hardening accelerants at the same time, and has many merits such as chloride free、sulfate free、low total alkali content、low dosage、high water reducing rate、high early strength and so on. The performance of this admixture has proved to be outstanding especially in accelerating the early strength of 12 hours and 24 hours age in the concrete tests.
Preparation and Recognized Characteristic of Histamine Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Zhou Xing Nong , Yu Yao , Liu Song , Yan Shou Lei , Wang Qing Zhang , Li Jie
Published: July 2012

HA MIP was prepared in acetonitrile-ethylene glycol mixed solvent ( 20:1，v/v), HA was used as the template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and ethylene glycol dimethaerylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker. The UV spectrophotometry was used to demonstrate the interaction between HA and MAA. The adsorption characteristics of MIP to HA have been studied by equilibrium binding experiment and Scatchard analysis. The data obtained show that MIP reached equilibrium within 6 h. It is found that within the studied concentration range one HA molecule is entrapped by two MAA molecules The Scatchard chart shows the apparent maximum binding capacity (Bmax) and the dissociation contents (KD) of MIP are 170.5 μmol/g and 0.18 mmol/L, respctively. The MIP synthesized by this method have better binding ability to histamine and can be applied on the separation and detection of histamine.
PET Depolymerization Catalyzed by Sulfates under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Wei Lu , Shi Xiao Ni , Zhang Xin , Han Chun Hua , Zhang Dong
Published: July 2012

Different sulfates were used as the catalysts of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) depolymerization under microwave of 250 watts, in which ZnSO4presented the best catalysis in this reaction, and the depolymerization degree (DPD) of PET was reached to 90 %. It was found that the depolymerization was occurred simultaneously on the surface and the internal parts of PET chips by the observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. In addition, DPD increased with the improvement of the polarization forces of these sulfates.
Study on the Properties of Poly(lactic Acid) and Thermal Plastic Starch Blended Materials Plasticized by PEG 200
Authors: Liu Peng , Gu Cai Qin , Zeng Qing Zhu , Liu Hao Huai
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the blended materials of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and thermal plastic starch (TPS) under the plasticization of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 were prepared. By detecting the thermal, rheological and tensile properties, it evaluated the plasticization effect of PEG 200 on blended materials. Specifically, for thermal properties, the addition of PEG 200 could improve mobile ability of PLA macromolecules, and accelerated them to form crystalline. But if the content of PEG 200 was more than 10%, this effect was impaired. For rheological properties, PEG 200 could change the fusant of blended materials from pseudoplastic fluid to newton fluid. However, if the PEG 200 was added too much, the blended material was too like perfect newton fluid to be prepared suitably. For tensile properties, when content of PEG 200 was more than 10%, the elongation and tensile modulus would changed sharply. All in all, 10% was the suitable addition parameter for PEG 200. Above this content, the plasticization effect of PEG 200 was too strong to impaired materials properties.
Synthetic Polypropylene Fiber Application in Soil
Authors: Chegenizadeh Amin , Nikraz Hamid
Published: July 2012

Reinforced soil has been among the most effective soil modification materials. Its use has been expanded rapidly into civil engineering, geotechnical engineering and pavement engineering. Reinforcing subgarde in pavement systems has always been an issue. This study focuses on effect of fiber inclusion on the strength of subgrade material. Plastic fiber was used for this investigation. Fiber contents and aspect ratio have been changed during these tests. The fiber percentage varied from 0 % (for unreinforced samples) to 4%. Clay was used as sub grade material. Unconfined compression tests were carried out to investigate behaviour of the composite under different condition. The fiber length and fiber content found to play important rule on the strength of composite. Furthermore it was observed that ductility of sample increased by fiber inclusion. Finally, UCS was carried out for cemented clay samples and fibre played an important role to reduce the brittle behavior of the cemented samples.
Study on Mass Transfer during the Formation of PLLA 3-D Scaffolds by ScCO2 Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Ding Zhao Hong , liu Zhi Jun , Wei Wei , Li Zhi Yi
Published: July 2012

The two-way mass transfer behavior between solvent and non-solvent is a key factor effecting on the pore size and size distribution of 3-D scaffolds formed by ScCO2induced phase separation process. The mathematical model of the mass transfer related to this process is presented on the basis of the model developed by Reuvers. By means of the composition paths calculated by this model in the ternary phase diagram, the pore size and size distribution of PLLA 3-D scaffolds are analyzed under different conditions (solution concentrations, CO2pressures and temperatures).The calculated results are verified by experiment. The results show that the pore size of the PLLA 3-D scaffolds increases with the decrease of solution concentration and increase of the CO2pressure and temperature.
Synthesis of Sodium Salt of Poly(acrylic acid-maleic anhydride) Dispersant and in 75% Thifensulfuron WDG Application
Authors: Liu Shu Jing , Li Zhi , Wang Zhi
Published: July 2012

The sodium salt of Poly(acrylic acid-maleic anhydride) was prepared by solution polymerization method and applied to 75% thifensulfuron WDG. The results show that granule suspension rate all achieves 85% above, disintegrating time is less than 60 seconds, thermal decomposition rate is less than 3%.That meet WDG various technical indicators.
Preparation and Hygroscopic Property of the Polyacrylamide/MgCl2 Hybrid Hydrogel
Authors: Wang Ying , Fan Li Ren
Published: July 2012

Polyacrylamide/MgCl2 hybrid hydrogel desiccant was prepared from magnesium chloride and polyacrylamide by aqueous solution polymerization. The hybrid hydrogel was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The effect of the experimental factors such as content of magnesium chloride, concentration of cross-linking agent, initiator content on hygroscopic performance of the hybrid hydrogel were investigated, furthermore, the hygroscopic swelling kinetic process of the hybrid hydrogel was studied. The results indicate that hybrid hydrogel possessed preferable hygroscopic property under the optimum conditions, the hygroscopic swelling degree achieving 172%. The hygroscopic swelling process of the hybrid hydrogel follows the kinetic pseudo-second-order model, in addition, the swelling rate decreases with the increase of relative humidity.
Preparation and Impaction on the Yield and Abrasion Resistance of Polycrystalline Diamond Powder of Copper/Graphite Raw Materials
Authors: Li Chun Lin , Chen Jian
Published: July 2012

Taking earthy graphite and electrolytic powder as raw materials, copper/graphite raw material is prepared by power metallurgy and then polycrystalline diamond powder is prepared by shock wave synthesis. Impaction on yield and abrasion resistance from copper content, particle size of graphite powder, heat treatment and re-pressing process has been researched. As result, yield of polycrystalline diamond powder is decreasing as decreasing copper content. It is decreased dramatically when the copper content is less than 90%. It is increased and then decreased as increasing the particle size of graphite powder, and the better particle size of graphite powder is 70μm. It is increased slightly and then decreased dramatically as increasing heat treatment temperature before re-pressing. The higher the heat treatment temperature, the more the yield after re-pressing. Impaction on the abrasion resistance of polycrystalline diamond powder from the preparing process of copper/graphite is smaller.
Effect of Adjusting Feed Thermal Conditions on the Capacity of Complex Distillation Columns
Authors: Wang Zhen , Gao Kun Jie , Li Yan Peng
Published: July 2012

The effect of adjusting feed thermal conditions on the throughput of complex distillation columns was investigated by using the concept of the Fractional utilization of area (FUA) proposed by Liu and Jobson (Chem. Eng. Res. Des, 2004, 82, 3-9). The FUA curve can be used to identify the bottleneck of an existing complex distillation column when the throughput is to be increased. According to the shape of the FUA curve, it can be known that how to adjust feed thermal condition of a complex distillation column to increase its throughput. The results show that the FUA method is a powerful tool for complex distillation column analysis.
Experimental Research on Separation of Benzoic Acid Residua by Vacuum Distillation
Authors: Wei Feng , He Liang , Li Hua , Shi Pei Hua
Published: July 2012

The fractions of benzyl benzoate and fluorenone were enriched from the benzoic acid residua by flash separation. Then this fraction was separated by vacuum batch distillation. The recovery of benzoic acid residua was implemented. The experiment proves this method is feasible. And purity about 90% of benzyl benzoate and more than 85% of fluorenone products were obtained. Simultaneously the study analyzed the impact of tower top pressure, tower top and bottom temperature, reflux ratio on product purity. The optimal condition in operating was defined in the experiment condition.
The Performance Research on Reaction of Fe2O3/Al2O3 Oxygen Carrier and CO in Chemical-Looping Combustion Process
Authors: Li Wen Yan , Liu Xing Lei , Chen Qiu Luan , Chu Feng Ming
Published: July 2012

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel technology, which has inherent property of separating the greenhouse gas CO2, which uses oxygen carriers to transfer oxygen for combustion from air to fuel. The reactivity of Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier was assessed by measuring their ability to oxidize CO. The kinetics and mechanism of oxygen carrier have been studied by TG and DTG techniques. The kinetic mechanism function of the reaction between Fe2O3/Al2O3 and CO has been built using the Coats-Redfern equation.
Establishment of Multiple-PCR for Diagnosing Three Food-Borne Pathogenic Bacteria in Aquatic Products
Authors: Xia Hui Li , Zheng Hui , Zhang Jin Jun
Published: July 2012

A rapid multiplex-PCR method was established in order to detect three foodborne pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella typli，Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes in aquatic products. Three pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed for multiplex-PCR amplification according to gene coding invasion protein A of Salmonella typli，gene coding immune response of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and regulation histone gene of Listeria monocytogenes. The amplified fragment sizes of these three bacteria were 213 bp, 369 bp and 517bp, respectively．The specificity of the multiplex- PCR was high and the minimum detection limit reached 103 CFU/mL. The multiplex-PCR method was used to analyze three aquatic product samples compared with national standard methods, the coincidence rate of two methods reached 100%. The method developed in this study had high sensitivity and specificity, which could be applied for the rapid detection and molecular epidemiology survey of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in aquatic products．
Effects on the Transparency of Corn Starch Dumpling Wrappers
Authors: Zhang Jun He , Li Guang Lei , Zeng Jie
Published: July 2012

Effects of the water temperature, water addition, sucrose and the phosphate monoester starch on the transparency of corn starch dumpling wrappers were investigated by orthogonal experimental design method. Range analysis and variance analysis methods were carried out to analyse the test results. The results showed that the phosphate monoester starch significantly affected the transparency of corn starch dumpling wrappers (p=0.0414＜0.05), then followed by water temperature, water addition and sucrose in sequence. The optimal technical parameters of corn starch dumpling wrappers were as follows: water temperature 90°C, water addition100%, sucrose 1~1.5%, and phosphate monoester starch 7% (count as corn starch ).
Effects of Different Cooling Methods on Postharvest Physiology of Yali Pears during Ice Temperature Storage
Authors: Liang Li Ya , Jin Zhao , Hao Li Ping , Yan Shi Jie
Published: July 2012

The effects of slow and rapid cooling methods on the postharvest physiology of Yali pears during ice temperature (-0.5°C) storage were investigated. Respiration rate, ethylene production, browning index and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity were used to evaluate the quality of Yali pears. The results showed that the slow cooling treatment decreased the levels of respiration rate，ethylene production，and PPO activity of Yali pears, and delayed the occurrence of the respiration, ethylene, and PPO activity peak compared to the rapid cooling treatment. The browning indexes of Yali pears with slow cooling treatment were lower than that of rapid cooling treatment. The results indicate that the cooling method may be an important factor affecting the storage quality of Yali pears. The slow cooling can delay the occurrence of physiological disorder during ice temperature storage.
Synthesis, Characterization and Flame Retardancy of Two Novels Amino Phosphate
Authors: Ban Da Ming , Min Yang , Zhang Yong Hang , Zhao Ou
Published: July 2012

Two phosphorus-containing flame retardant (FR) were synthesized and incorporated in the backbone of polyamide 6(PA6) by polymerization. The structure and spectroscopic data of these flame retardant were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Elemental analysis. Flame-retardancy and thermal property of PA6 modified with CEP, and MMP were examined by LOI and TGA. The LOI value of PA6 shows ascending trend by adding FRs, and it rise from 24 to 31%. TGA data revealed that FR improves thermal stability of PA6. The on-set temperature was added at least 20°C.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Fruit of Ficus Altissima
Authors: Zhang De La , Feng Yu Hong , Liang Zhen Yi , Lin Qiang , Xu Jing
Published: July 2012

The chemical composition of hydrodistilled oil from the fruit residue of Ficus altissima was analyzed for the first time by GC/GC–MS. As a result, a total of seventeen compounds were identified, representing all of the oil. Aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters and alkylenes were found to compose three major chemotype accounted for 64.25%, 26.00% and 9.75% of the oil, respectively. The main components was demonstrated to be dibutyl phthalate(18.14%), n-docosane(7.94%), diisooctyl phthalate(7.86%), n-heptadecane(7.70%), n-tricosane(7.68%), phytane(7.19%). Antioxidant activity of the oil was assessed by the free radical scavenging (DPPH). The study offers theoretic basis for pharmaceutical utilization of the landscape plant F. altissima.
Correlation Analysis between Biomass and Extracellular Alpha-Galactosidase Activity of Pediococcus acidilactici XS1B
Authors: Du Xin Yong , He Guo Qing
Published: July 2012

Many mathematical models can be used to optimize the fermentation process, and predict the harvest of products, but most of them only applied in the biomass factor, not the activity of enzymes, especially inducing enzyme such as α-galactosidase. In this study, Pediococcus acidilactici XS1B was incubated and measured by two periods: 48h with interval of 2h, 9d with interval of 1d. After analyze data of active bacteria amounts, biomass, catalyst activity, 2 pairs correlation were established: the active bacteria amounts with biomass increasing rate is 0.461, the biomass and catalyst activity is 0.935. With this correlation, the models used to measure biomass can also fit to α-galactosidase activity.
Food Processing Technology Selection Method Based on Relative Membership Degree and Gray Incidence Analysis
Authors: Lu Ya Ting , Shi Chao , Luo Cang Xue , Yi Jian Hua
Published: July 2012

The selection of food processing technology has important effect on economic benefits of enterprise and food quality and safety. The index system of food processing technology evaluation, including two indexes at the middle level and seven indexes at the bottom level, was established by the Delphi method. The qualitative indexes were quantified by the relative membership degree and gray incidence analysis was used to select the best food processing technology. An example illustrated the validity of the method proposed.
Quality Attributes of Four Major Retails Cuts from Songjiang Cattle
Authors: Chang Zhao , Zheng Dong Mei , Xia Xiu Fang , Kong Bao Hua
Published: July 2012

The quality characteristic of High Rib (HR), Striploin (SL), Brisket (BK) and Rump (RP) from Songjiang cattle was investigated. The water content, crude protein, intramuscular fat (IMF), color, shear force, pH, cooking loss and sensory evaluation of samples were analyzed. The results showed that, HR sample had the highest (P < 0.05) IMF and RP sample had the highest (P < 0.05) water content. Although crude protein contents among different of samples had significant difference (P < 0.05), its difference was not large as IMF and water content. Cooking loss and hardness value of HR were both lower than other cuts, whereas a* values was not the highest one (P < 0.05). Hardness and cooking loss were both lowest (P < 0.05) in SL, and highest in RP and BK, respectively. The results demonstrated that quality of HR and SL was better than other cuts, and IMF was the key factor that induced the beef quality difference.
The Influence of Amylose and Amylopectin Characteristics on Phase Transition of Cornstarches Observed under Shearless Condition
Authors: Chen Pei , Zhang Xiao , Xiao Nan , Wu Xue Hui
Published: July 2012

The influence of amylose and amylopectin characteristics on phase transition of cornstarches under shearless condition was observed by SEM and CLSM. The change of internal structure of starch granules during heating were directly observed online. Brightness of starch granule indicates the degree of gelatinization. The brightness of all the starches decreased with increasing temperature, this change being initiated at the centre of granule. Thus it is clear that the gelatinization process starts at the hilum of the granules. The central area of the granule around the hilum is believed to be the least organized region. The granules of waxy maize and normal maize starch subsequently break through at their cavity and channels, when the granules became swollen during gelatinization, whilst the granules of G50 and G80 remain granular and break down to smaller pieces.
Antioxidative Activity and Functional Properties of Hydrolysates of Camellia Seed Meal Treated with Trypsin
Authors: Sun Ying , Liu Guo Qin , Liu Xin Qi
Published: July 2012

Antioxidative activity and functional properties of hydrolysates prepared from defatted camellia seed meal(DCSM), using trypsin, with a degree of hydrolysis(DH) of 21.69% were determined. At this DH, the hydrolysates show the highest hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (over 69.15 % and 78.22%, respectively). The functionalities of hydrolysates such as solubility, water-holding capacity,emulsifying activity, foaming capacity and foaming stability are remarkably improved at all test pH range. These results indicate that the DCSM hydrolysised by trypsin to produce hydrolysates with desirable antioxidative activity and functional properties.
Fermentation of Functional Monascus on Rice and Soybean Meal Solid Culture
Authors: Shang Xiao Lan , Liu An Jun
Published: July 2012

With rice and soybean meal as raw material, M. rubber (Monascus purpureus) as a tool to ferment through solid state fermentation. While using graininess rice and graininess soybean meal and the percentage were 1:4 would obtain the highest color-value. The SDF content, protein degradation degree and antioxidant capacity before and after the fermentation was compared. The results showed that the color-value of the soild state Monascus-fermented rice and soybean meal was nearly upon half of fermentation with rice only, more than 15 times of fermentation with soybean meal only; SDF content increased 25%; through steam cooking, the protein of the soybean meal would be denatured and the solubility would reduce. Furthermore, research found Monascus-Fermented Rice and Soybean Meal (MFRS) was a strong antioxidant material.