bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological and floristic features of the Samara Region nature monument «Kopeyka Mountain»
Authors: Kalashnikova Olga Vladimirovna , Murzyvanova Svetlana Vadimovna , Plaksina Tamara Ivanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the nature monument Kopeyka Mountain flora nine years after the last descriptions of this area. To identify the ecology-floristic features of the mountain, a complete ecology-floristic characteristic was given according to the classical pattern. The taxonomic analysis has showed that on the stony steppe there are 150 species of higher plants, including 106 genera and 39 families. The leading families in the number of species are Asteraceae (28 species), Fabaceae (21) and Poaceae (11). A large number of species of the Fabaceae is one of the distinguishing features of Kopeyka Mountain. The predominant biomorph under the classification of I.G. Serebryakov is a group of herbaceous perennials, namely rod-root (39 species) and short-stemmed plants (25 species). The predominance of these life forms illustrates a high adaptability of plants to the conditions of their growth. The predominant hygromorph of xerophytic plants (67 species), revealed during the ecological analysis by N.M. Matveyev, also shows high suitability of the local flora to a lack of moisture in the mountainous terrain. Ecology-geographical analysis showed that the mountain-steppe group of plants was the largest in the number of species. A chorological analysis was also conducted, which showed the presence of all seven types of areals, of which Eurasian type (73 species) and European (34) were the leading ones. Endemic (45 species) and relic (15) taxa have been noted, which raises this monument of nature to a considerable height. In the flora of Kopeyka Mountain, 8 species are represented in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and 43 species are in the Red Data Book of the Samara Region. A decrease in the number of species in the flora of Kopeyka Mountain is a concern. It is necessary to introduce monitoring to protect the nature monument Kopeyka Mountain.
Features of vegetation, flowering and fruiting of the genus Spiraea L. species in the cultivation in the European North-East (Republic of Komi)
Authors: Smirnova Anna Nikolaevna , Zaynullina Klavdiya Stepanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the flowering and fruiting of introduced species of Spiraea L. genus in the collection of the Botanical garden of the Institute of biology of Komi SC of Ural branch of RAS, located in the middle taiga subzone of the European North-East of Russia. The collection of Spiraea genus by this time includes more than 40 taxa of plants of different geographical origin, including one species of local flora. Characteristics of vegetation, flowering and fruiting indicators of nine species of perennial plants of the genus are given based on the results of phenological observations during five years. It is shown that the seasonal rhythm of plant development in the new conditions corresponds to the climatic conditions of the subzone of the middle taiga. There are differences in the dates of beginning and duration of flowering in different species Spiraea of three sections, the total duration of flowering of studied species is almost 100 days. The species of Spiraria section are characterized by latest start and a long flowering period. Plants of all studied species are characterized by annual flowering and fruiting with the formation of benign seeds; some species are capable of self-seeding. The revealed characteristics allow us to consider that the studied species of Spiraea genus have successfully adapted in the Northern region and can be used in ornamental horticulture.
Petrov culture burial site near the village of Taldy (Karkaralinsk District, Karaganda Region)
Authors: Kukushkin Igor Alekseevich , Dmitriev Evgeniy Anatolievich , Kukushkin Alexei Igorevich
Published: December 2020

The following paper contains investigation results of the randomly discovered ancient burial site near the village of Taldy (Central Kazakhstan). Accompanying inventory is represented by metal celt-adze, a highly fragmented bracelet with a spiral wound end and a ceramic vessel with a ribbed shoulder and geometric ornament. The obtained material allows attributing the burial site to the Petrov culture of the Bronze Age. The authors of the paper proceed from the weak argumentation of the regional analogue of Petrovka, the Nurtai culture singled out at the end of the 20th century. The current base of sources is characterized by heterogeneity. In this connection, the early Andronian antiquities of Central Kazakhstan should be considered within the framework of the Petrov culture with the possible further allocation of a local variant or stage. Celt-adze found here is quite interesting. It has analogies with the Dolgaya Gora monuments findings (Abashevskaya culture), Tanabergen II (Sintashta culture), Nurataldy-1, Kenotkel XVIII (Petrov culture) and Shaitan Lake II (Koptyakovskaya culture). According to the formal and typological features, the specimens found are divided into two subtypes: the early one Abashev-Sintashta and the later one Petrovsky-Koptyakovsky. The Dolgaya Gora finding presupposes the birth of this type of tools in the late Abashev culture of the Urals. The well-known ethnographic parallels allow us to establish that the products were intended for straining poles, sanding the tree, removing the core from blanks and other works related to woodworking.
The role of scientific and engineering-technical intelligentsia of the South Urals in strengthening the country’s defense potential in the years of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Kuznetsova Yulia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

Significant territorial, material and human losses in the first months of the war determined the priority role of the Urals and other eastern regions in strengthening defense. Therefore, the scientific and engineering and technical intelligentsia of the Southern Urals played a big role in strengthening the countryэs defense potential during the Great Patriotic War. The author examines the activities of specialists of the leading industrial enterprises of the region during the war years; reveals the place of engineering and technical intelligentsia of the region in solving the problem of Soviet military equipment and other defense products quality. The author notes the contribution of concrete people to the solution of complex military-technical problems; shows creative search for technological and design teams. On the basis of archival documents, the historian analyzed the contribution of the scientific intelligentsia of the region to victory. The most difficult tasks in the conditions of wartime were also performed by the engineers of the construction organizations of the Southern Urals, who carried out the orders of the State Defense Committee to build new defense and industrial facilities of the country. The paper discusses leadership and participation of technical officers of the Southern Urals in the distribution, installation and commissioning of the equipment evacuated war factories. The researcher mentions schools and train skilled personnel for industry and transport, as well as participation of intellectuals in the patriotic movement to raise funds for the defense fund, warm clothes, gifts and food packages for the Red Army.
Environmental monitoring of the Sudomoyka river in the Volgo-Ahtubinsky floodplain
Authors: German Nadezhda Valerievna , Babicheva Alina Valentinovna , Manaenkov Igor Viktorovich , Sevriukova Galina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to ecological monitoring and system analysis of the Volgograd Region (the Sudomoyka Erik) reservoir. Environmental monitoring was conducted from March 2017 to February 2018. The set of studies included: determination of water organoleptic characteristics, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, pH value, a dry residue and bioindication. The authors note microorganism number increase: Synedra, Spirogyra, Mougeotia in July and September 2017 and in February 2018 which are biological indicators of water quality. The presence of a high number of microorganisms-bioindicators testifies to the supersaturation of water with oxygen and the formation of organic substances. The authors found an increase in salinity of water in March, July and December 2017, February 2018. In winter in the water of the Sudomoyka Erik the authors found large amounts of mucus, eggs of various insects, organic dirt, which indicates the water pollution in the winter. Water quality in the Sudomoyka Erik is unsatisfactory, the Eric is classified as a slightly polluted body of water. The Sudomoyka Erik cannot be used for domestic purposes by residents of nearby settlements and is unfavorable for swimming in summer. The ecological state of the Sudomoyka Erik determines the ecological state of the entire natural complex of the Volga-Ahtubinsky floodplain
Resource-saving methods of cultivation of grain crops and biological activity of ordinary black soil
Authors: Zaushintsena Alexandra Vasilyevna , Romanov Vasily Nikolaevich , Kozhevnikov Nikolay Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the role of resource-saving technologies to grain crop cultivation. Although there is a growing interest to the problem there is still a lack of theoretically analysis. Thus, the authors show the importance of resource-saving technologies in different soil and climate conditions. The article analyzes the influence of technological methods of soil cultivation on general biological activity of the chernozem of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The soil of the virgin variant is characterized by the greatest intensity of soil respiration and cellulolytic activity. Long-term processing of the chernozem of an ordinary experimental field led to a decrease of overall biological activity by an average of 30,533,5%. As a result, it has been established that methods of soil cultivation have a strong influence on biological activity and soil respiration during vegetation period. The greatest biological activity is observed at minimum soil cultivation. Hydrothermal conditions influence on the process of biological activity. High humidity caused a significant growth in cellulose-decomposing activity up to 2738% and soil respiration by 1724%. Humidity increasing caused the process of soil respiration. Cultivated crops didnt influence on the process of biological activity. Zero cultivation caused the increasing spring wheat productivity on 0,93 c / ha and oat and barley productivity reducing. Minimum level of cultivation caused little barley and wheat productivity reducing on 0,25 c/ha. Reduced production costs and resource-saving technologies influence on both profit and the level of profitability increasing. Direct sowing to wheat (139,58%) and barley (142,24%) cultivation caused the highest level of profitability.
Chemical composition and biological activity of peat deposits of oligotrophic bog
Authors: Porokhina Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Sergeeva Margarita Alexandrovna , Golubina Olga Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of the main general technical, physical and chemical, microbiological and biochemical properties of the oligotrophic bog (Tomsk Region). It shows that peat oligotrophic bog belong to low-ash (2,310,9%), high acid (2,23,6 units of pH), with the degree of decomposition 2050%. The authors find that the concentration of ammonium nitrogen increases with depth, and nitrate decreases. The largest accumulation of mobile connections of phosphorus observed in the upper layer of peat deposits (11,20 mg/100 g dry peat). The maximum population of bacterial was concentrated in the upper layers of the deposit (20,622,4 billion cells/g). Spores, mycelium was detected in the fungal biomass only to a depth of 175 cm. The correlation analysis showed a direct relationship of fungal mycelium from the readily hydrolyzable substance (r = 0,84). Catalase activity varies from 0,99 to 7,32 ml O₂ / g 2 min in peat bog deposit. The activity of catalase was influenced by the botanical composition The activity of polyphenol oxidase varies in the peat deposit from 0,13 to 6,72 mg of 1,4-benzoquinone / g 30 min, changing unevenly in depth. The limits of peroxidase activity in peat bog were 0,6926,19 mg 1,4-benzoquinone/g 30 min.
Ecological state evaluation of the Tuzlukkol River (Ural river basin, Orenburg Region)
Authors: Shayhutdinova Anastasia Anatolievna , Nemtseva Natalia Vyacheslavovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents hydrographic and hydrological characteristics of the Tuzlukkol River (Belyaevsky district, Orenburg region), characterized by a gradient of mineralization and dynamics of the hydrological and hydrochemical regime within landscape-Botanical nature monument Salt urochishche Tuzlukkol. The studied section of the river and the surrounding area in the warm season are exposed to significant anthropogenic impact. The results of the study found that in the composition of the water in the Tuzlukkol River the concentration of ions of calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, sulfate ions varies considerably, which indicates a formed natural gradient of salinity. In general, the water from the Tuzlukkol River refers to a chloride class, with a predominance of sodium cations with salinity values more 1000 mg/L. Its the first time data on the taxonomic composition of macrozoobenthos fauna in a landscape-Botanical nature monument Salt urochishche Tuzlukkol have been obtained. Fauna, macrozoobentos on the area under study is represented by 12 species of invertebrates. Larvae of amphibiotic insects: diptera (7 species), podenki (1 species), bedbugs (3 species), crustaceans (1 species) reach the greatest faunal diversity. The salty water of arid zones supports specific conditions for the development of the euryhaline benthic communities. The studies were conducted in May, July and October 2017.
Methods of pedagogical institution electronic information and educational environment evaluation
Authors: Dobudko Tatiana Valerianovna , Gorbatov Sergey Vasilievich , Dobudko Alexandr Valerianovich , Pugach Olga Isaakovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses one of the actual problems of examination and quality management of education in a pedagogical university evaluation of its electronic information and educational environment (EIEE). The analysis of this problem is carried out in the light of the digitalization of the Russian Federation economy, which could not but affect the sphere of education. The current steps in the development of electronic educational environments of pedagogical universities and the construction of a single electronic educational space of pedagogical universities in Russia are primarily the result of this process. The authors consider traditional approaches to the development of complex distributed social engineering systems, which can be divided into two large groups descending (from top to bottom, developed under the auspices of the government of the Russian Federation) and ascending (from bottom to top, developed by individual universities or associations of universities) design. The paper describes eight integrated parameters (consistency, mobility, openness, informality, completeness, freedom/determinism, accessibility, security (information security)), by which it is possible to assess the state of a particular EIEE. The authors propose how to evaluate the current state of a university EIEE by machine learning methods. The obtained materials can serve as a basis for the development of EIEE monitoring system of pedagogical universities in Russia.
Ecological role of Ulmus pumila L. in limitation of heavy metals input into the environment of some anthropogenic areas of Trans-Baikal Territory
Authors: Kopylova Lubov Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the most negative pollution of the environment heavy metal pollution. We describe the main sources of heavy metal input to soils, their form and character of distribution on the surface of land. The paper presents the research data on study of plants capacity to accumulate different microelements including heavy metals. We study the Trans-Baikal Territory as the oldest mining territory which has been influenced by different anthropogenic factors. The urgency of this study is determined by the fact that it is important to reveal species capable of accumulating heavy metals in their organs and tissues for the purpose of improving and supporting the ecological balance of anthropogenic territories. We describe Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), a tree species often used in urban lands greening. The research findings on determination of content and characteristic features of some heavy metals accumulation in Ulmus pumila L. organs (leaves, roots, bark) in anthropogenic conditions are discussed. We analyze the data on accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Sr, Rb, Ti) in soil of test sites and the studied organs of Ulmus pumila L. It has been determined that Ulmus pumila L. accumulates all heavy metals studied in different quantities, accumulating their high concentrations mainly in the root and bark. This species accumulates Fe, Sr, Mn, Ti, Zn most of all, it accumulates less quantities of Rb, Cu, Cr и Ni. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals by the studied species is associated with its location. Thus, we have determined the possible use of Ulmus pumila L. as a natural biofilter limiting the input of heavy metals into the anthropogenic territories environment.
Some reproductive parameters of Tilia cordata Mill. in Saransk
Authors: Labutina Marina Viktorovna , Maskaeva Tatiana Alexandrovna , Chegodaeva Nina Dmitrievna
Published: December 2020

This paper examines a possibility of certain woody plants species use to monitor the state of the environment in urban conditions. Similar studies have shown that it is possible to use both vegetative and reproductive organs of Scots pine and birch warty. The authors propose the following studied parameters: a number of flowers in the inflorescence, a weight of one flower, a morphological usefulness (fertility) of pollen and its size. The investigations were carried out on several sites of Saransk, which differed in the technogenic impact. Determination of the viability of small-leaved linden plantations in different conditions of Saransk has shown them to be relatively satisfactory, however, under the conditions of the most powerful man-made press, the trees are sufficiently weakened. In the conditions of the controlled area, the smallest number of flowers in the inflorescence and the minimum mass of one flower are noted. In relatively polluted conditions of the city, the number of flowers in the inflorescence and the mass of the flower increases by 1,31,6 times. The low coefficient of variation in these areas is due to the strict selection of the species for a particular feature in man-made conditions. The quality and size of the linden pollen depends on the degree of anthropogenic impact, which allows using them in complex monitoring of the urban environment.
Fauna of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of isolated Volga Islands and mechanisms of their secondary settlement
Authors: Pavlov Sergey Ivanovich , Yaitsky Andrey Stepanovich
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the study that was carried out during 19742016 in natural and laboratory conditions in the Samara Region. The authors studied the features of adults leaf beetles survival as a result of the Volga river flood spill, flooding of the isolated island systems as well as migratory processes of insects. Over a 12-year period of field research, 11 entomologists, using 2 traditional and 6 authors methods, have collected 29 species of Chrysomelidae beetles on 11 large Volga Islands (3 of which are periodically flooded) and 20 large, regularly flooded shallows and braids. It is established that the fauna of the Islands leaf beetles is very close to the fauna of adjacent coasts by genesis. The authors analyze the origin and relief of typical Islands, the level of flood waters, the duration of flooding of the Volga river floodplain near Samarskaya Luka, the mechanisms of survival of beetles by adapting them to the conditions of habitats or features of their migrations, with the secondary settlement of island systems. It is established that, in addition to the active flight and autonomous navigation to the Islands, beetles use available boats rafts from vegetable flood sludge, small and fairly large floating objects (from branches and boards to river vessels). It is established that migrations occur annually, completely regardless of the island beetles-predecessors population wintering success.
Advantages of authentic assessment over traditional assessment while teaching English to university students majoring in non-linguistic subjects
Authors: Abramova Irina Evgenyevna , Shishmolina Elena Petrovna , Ananyina Anastasia Valeryevna
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes existing approaches to assessing the results of teaching foreign languages to the university students majoring in non-linguistic subjects with a special focus on the advantages of authentic assessment. The authors stress the state-level need to develop and implement effective assessment tools for ESL university teaching, and substantiate the effectiveness of authentic assessment for increasing students motivation to learn English. They identify advantages of authentic assessment, including a possibility to track individual students learning progress, to effectively use peer assessment and self-assessment, to focus on students performance indicators, to create a success effect, and to present actual teaching and learning results or personal development achievements in the form of presentations, projects and other tangible accomplishments. The paper describes a unified system of control, assessment and evaluation of ESL teaching and learning results, developed by Foreign Languages for Students of Humanities Department at Petrozavodsk State University (Russia) for modeling a foreign-language environment and enhancing students language socialization. The authors give a detailed account of establishing procedures for the assessment of speaking and writing skills, and analyze a didactic potential of a foreign language portfolio as one of authentic assessment tools. They come to the conclusion that peer assessment, self-assessment and other authentic assessment methods help to shift the focus from teaching to learning and create optimal conditions for student-centered education process.
Types of educational and professional tasks used for doctors’ training
Authors: Astanina Svetlana Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the problem of the fundamental training of doctors on the basis of solving various groups of educational and professional tasks in continuing medical education. Analysis of various scientists views allowed the authors to determine that the continuity and integrity of education is ensured by continuity in solving educational and professional tasks, formed from professional tasks. Due to the fact that in health care there is a fairly rapid introduction of the basic sciences (molecular biology, biophysics, biochemistry) achievements results into the processes of medical care, the knowledge-intensiveness of labor functions increases, their diversity increases, which leads to an increase in professional tasks. The interrelation of types and classes of educational and professional tasks ensures the continuity of the content of the fundamental training of doctors. Intra-subject relationships are formed between groups of educational and professional tasks (invariant and variable), ensuring the integrity of the content of the biological training of doctors. Division of educational and professional tasks into classes and types allows to systematize the content of fundamental training of doctors in accordance with the actual educational needs of the trained doctors and the requirements of practical public health, which in turn ensures continuity, expressed in the sequence and consistency of the content, forms and methods of the educational process; in the consistency and coherence of training at various stages of medical education.
Analysis of benzotriazole influence on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Allium fistulosum
Authors: Selezneva Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The increase in anthropogenic pressure has led to the need for model experiments to assess the ability of organisms to adapt to xenobiotics. The study of negative effects is usually carried out in laboratories using animals as test objects, while it is more interesting to study tolerance and adaptive capabilities in plant organisms, because, unlike animals, they are not able to leave an area uncomfortable for existence. In order to obtain an objective response in experiments, it is necessary to choose test objects related to species that are ubiquitous in ecosystems, and xenobiotics that are widely used and able to enter the environment. Allium fistulosum L. was used in model experiments and was affected by benzotriazole to study the possibility of developing an adaptive response in plants to anthropogenic pollutants. Plants were preadapted to a toxic dose of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,1 mg/ml, by exposure to alcohol solutions of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,0001 mg/ml or 0,001 mg/ml, and the time of preliminary exposure varied from 1 day to 4 days, then test objects germinated in a solution of high concentration. There were three controls, where the seeds were germinated for five days in all three used concentrations of benzotriazole, as well as in a solvent, which was 0,5% isopropyl alcohol. The possibility of adaptive response was assessed using two morphophysiological indicators, these were the germination of seeds and the average root length on the fifth day of the experiment. Experiments have shown that a solution of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,1 mg/ml inhibits seeds germination and roots growth compared with the control (germination in 0,5% isopropyl alcohol), while at a concentration of 0,0001 mg/ml it stimulates. Exposure to low concentrations reliably creates a preadaptation to the toxic dose, but the responses significantly differ in effectiveness depending on the duration of preadaptation and the concentration of the substance. The greatest effect on the toxic effect of benzotriazole is created by preadaptation in low concentrations over 3 days. Possible preadaptation mechanisms are discussed.
Influence of motor transport on species composition and number of roadside habitat carabid beetles
Authors: Yakushkina Margarita Nikolaevna , Malkova Alina Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the impact of road transport on species composition and abundance of roadside habitat carabid beetles. The studies were carried out in Saransk and its suburban area, because it is cities that are most affected by anthropogenic press, as they evolved and exist in concentrated and intensive impact of human society. When analyzing urban fauna one can get objective information about how harmful pollution of air, soil, water, plants to organisms, how effective those or other environmental measures, what dynamics of ecological situation is in the city. The study of carabid fauna in these circumstances, is оf great interest, as it allоws to find measures to restore damaged ecosystems and to track the dynamics of changes in the implementation of these measures.
Conceptual foundations of higher education in the digital economy
Authors: Bogoslovskiy Vladimir Igorevich , Busygina Alla Lvovna , Aniskin Vladimir Nikolayevich
Published: December 2020

In the paper the authors identified seven key conceptual foundations of higher education based on the analysis of organizational and substantive features of networking, digitalization and on-lineization process of the Russian education system (NDORES), as a continuation of e-Learning development in the digital educational environment (DEE) and the results of the assessment of the Russian higher education readiness to the digital economy, obtained by N.V. Dneprovskoy. These include conceptual condition for the recognition of the leading role of the DEE in the system of science - culture - learner - intelligence for education subjects reflection development in human-machine systems and information society; optimization of continuous education concept on the basis of NDORES principles; directive change of educational process (EP) stereotypes in DEE; creation of a system of mandatory training and retraining of education subjects for daily learning and teaching activities in DEE; optimization, adaptation and digital transformation of the content of the main professional educational programs (MPEP) of training in the framework of existing and future Federal state educational standards of higher education (FSES HO); determination of effective motivational and value bases for communicative competence development of education the subjects in NDORES; changing legislative and policy approaches to the organization of NDORES, including provisions of the Labour code of the Russian Federation in the part concerning the rights and responsibilities of teachers carrying out their work in the context of DEE. The paper substantiates the demand for these conceptual foundations in the strategic and tactical directions of digitalization of higher education in the digital economy.
Central Chernozemie in the biography and researches of M.E. Foss
Authors: Akinshin Aleksandr Nikolayevich , Bessudnov Aleksandr Nikolayevich , Zakharova Elena Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the research activity of Maria Evgenyevna Foss in Central Chernozemie. Considering the fact that Voronezh played a decisive role in the fate of M.E. Foss (she studied here, formed as a person, acquired the first experience of archaeological research, museum work, collected an extensive data bank on collections from the regional sites, to which subsequently repeatedly referred to herself and such famous archaeologists as T.B. Popova, O.A. Krivtsov-Grakov, V.P. Levenok, N.N. Gurina, A.D. Pryakhin, A.T. Sinyuk and others), special attention is paid to biographical information reflecting the connection of the Foss family with Voronezh. Its the first time when the results of the analysis of documents from the SAVO funds with the additions of Margarita Foss - Maria Evgenyevnas niece - are published. Without challenging the opinion that has been established in modern Neolithic studies that M.E. Foss prioritized sites and cultures of the forest zone, it is proved that her contribution to the study of the antiquities of the forest-steppe is much greater than it seems to the modern archaeological community. It was based on archival sources (from the funds of IA RAS, SA IHMC RAS, DFR SHM, Michurinsk Museum (Tambov Region)) and special literature. The results of her research of Shelaevo dunes (modern Belgorod Region), on settlements of different times in Voronezh (burial ground Chastye kurgany, the site of Otrozhka, the site of Kostenki IV (Aleksandrovka)) and Tambov (sites of Podzorovo and Glinishche) regions have not lost their significance up to the present time.
The role of the Globular Amphora Culture in the development of the Upper Neman communities
Authors: Vaitovich Aliaksandra Uladzimirauna
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the problems of the Globular Amphora Culture (hereinafter the GAC) in the Upper Neman region. According to the proposition of M. Shmyt the sources related to the GAC have been divided in two groups. The first group is made up of the so-called pure sources i.e. the materials directly related to the GAC although hypothetically at times. It includes cemeteries, flint mines and workshops as well as finds of the quadrangular ground flint axes and chisels. The second group comprises so-called syncretic sources associated with the broad understood GAC traditions. The traits genetically linked to the GAC could be identified in materials of the Neman Culture as well as the local groups of the Corded Ware cultures Range. The presence of the GAC people and traditions in the area in question is dated to the second quarter III - first quarter II BC. Two main forms of transfer the GAC traditions have been distinguished. Firstly, the Upper Neman region was the territory of the direct contacts between the GAC people and the local populations. Secondly, the GAC elements had been distributed in the synthesized forms. The major source of the synthesized GAC traits was the Rzucewo Culture as well as the Middle Dnieper Culture. The prospects of the archaeological research are discussed. On the current stage of the research, the issue of the chronology of the GAC traditions spreading in the area in question requires a more detailed study. Top priority should also be given to a thorough investigation of the GAC role in the socio-economic transformation of the Upper Neman population in the III - the beginning II mill. BC.
The beginning of the «early metal age» in Karelia: materials and research
Authors: Vasilyeva Tatjana Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of the archaeological study of the transition stage from the stone age to the early metal age. On the territory of Karelia, this period is represented by cultures of comb-pit and rhomb-pit ceramics. The development of neolithic cultures is controversial. The objective of the study is to present materials and research. Special attention is paid to the monuments with rhomb-pit ceramics and signs of acquaintance of the population with metal. The sources are increased, the analysis of materials is carried out, the main provisions in the development of cultural processes are rethought. Ceramics is the first artificial material. Ceramics ornamentation is the main cultural-defining marker in the study of ancient cultures. According to morpho-typological features, rhomb-pit ceramics is similar to ceramics with a pit-comb ornamentation system. The author of the paper refers the monuments with rhomb-pit ceramics to the transition stage from the Neolithic to the Eneolithic. The researcher focuses on the features of the development of ancient pottery in the IV - early III mil BC.
Periodization and chronology of Caspian culture
Authors: Doga Natalia Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

For a long time the issues of periodization and chronology of the Caspian culture remained controversial. Some researchers attributed the culture to the Neolithic period, while others - to the Eneolithic. The paper presents all the available views on the periodization of the Caspian culture. Its brief characteristic is given. The paper also considers criteria for the allocation of the Eneolithic era and provides arguments in favor of the Eneolithic nature of the Caspian culture. The author substantiates the fact that the producing economy of the Neolithic population was absent in the region while it was present in the Caspian culture. The following factors say that the culture belonged to the era of the Eneolithic: changes in the technique of processing stone tools, ornamentation of dishes; the presence of pets. The author considers the concept of the neo-Eneolithic period existence in the Lower Volga region and the possibility of attributing the Caspian culture to it. The author analyzes researchers point of view on the chronological relationship of the Caspian and the Khvalyn cultures; the conclusion is made about the chronological priority of the Caspian culture over the Khvalyn culture. All available radiocarbon values on materials of culture are presented and the author concludes that the Caspian culture represents an early stage of the Eneolithic of the Lower Volga region.
Ecological parks educational environment usage at Biology lessons in schools (on the example of N.A. Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute)
Authors: Mitina Elena Garisonovna , Ishchenko Anastasia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the search of alternative ways to update school Biology curriculum. Creation of educational environment at the premises of ecological parks is considered to be an innovative and promising prospective approach that meets contemporary demands and follows central developmental trends of society. Based on the results of practicing Biology teachers poll, we give an expediency analysis of engaging ecological parks educational opportunities for school lessons. According to available data as well as based on the structure and the content of biological education prescribed for secondary school, the authors program Kola Land nature has been developed. The content of our program is an addition to the General program line Biology for 6-9 classes created by V.V. Pasetchnik, it matches the themes of a school Biology course: Biology as a science of vital nature, Cellular structure of organisms, Plant kingdom, Diversity of fauna, Ecosystems. Effectiveness evaluation of the authors educational program Kola Land nature was realized in the ecological park of N.A. Avrorin Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute. The obtained data confirm that the program usage as an addition to the basic school Biology course improves the level of its mastering by students.
Leaf pigment complex of spring soft wheat cultivars of different maturity groups under different moisture regimes
Authors: Amunova Oksana Sergeevna , Lisitsin Evgeny Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

Creation of new higher productive cultivars of cereal crops is often linked with straightening of degree of resistance to abiotic environmental factors. Indirectly this degree of resistance could be estimated on quantitative change in leaf pigment composition. There is practical interest to compare the activity of pigment complex of flag leaves of wheat cultivars belonging to different maturity groups that could give information on direction of breeding improvement of plant physiological-and-genetic traits under different ecological conditions. Plants of nine breeding lines and two standard cultivars grew in 20162018 at the experimental field of FARC of North-East (Kirov) under continental climate conditions with moderately cold winter and warm summer. The study of flag leaves pigment complex allows to discover differences between early and middle-ripening cultivars on investigated parameters in different hydrothermal conditions. During the study years, middle-ripening cultivars accumulated more chlorophyll a than the early ones. On average this excess was about 10%. The studied cultivars were differed on distribution of pigment between structural parts of photosystems: middle-ripening cultivars had more chlorophyll a in reaction centers whereas the amount of the pigment in light-harvesting complexes was not differed. Hydrothermal conditions significantly influenced the differences between cultivar groups. Thus, under dry conditions the content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids in flag leaves of cultivars belonging to both group of maturity had no significant differences. Under normal or moist conditions middle-ripening cultivars contained 11,012,6% more chlorophyll b and 7,623,1% more carotenoids than the early cultivars. Under dry conditions the two groups of cultivars significantly differed on mass ratio chlorophyll a/b: in the middle-ripening cultivars it was 5,0% higher than in the early ones. Based on chlorophyll a and b content at flowering stage breeding lines С-64, С-65, С-103, and С-129 were selected. The amount of chlorophyll in these genotypes was significantly higher than in Margarita standard cultivar. Within the group of early cultivars, no one exceeded Bazhenka standard by the pigment content. The cultivars of this group reacted on abiotic growing conditions change very much (the amount of precipitations and air temperature): the coefficients of chlorophyll a content variation were 6,516,3%, of chlorophyll b content 26,929,7%, of carotenoids content 4,117,2%.
The influence of urban environment on pollen grains of the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in conditions of Yakutsk
Authors: Soldatova Viktoria Yurievna , Samsonova Algystaana Petrovna
Published: December 2020

This paper studies variability of pollen grains of the silver birch in relation to the quality of urban environment. The material was collected in 12 sites. A total of 1,190 leaves and 24,000 pollen grains were examined and measured. The pollen fertility varied within 6992%. Statistically significant decrease in fertility was observed in conditions of high-intensity traffic load, in the central area of the city, and where the road surface was in poor condition. Under the same conditions a statistically significant increase in percentage of relatively fertile pollen grains is observed. We found significant correlation between the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and the share of fertile and half-fertile pollen grains. For fertility Spearmans rho was 0,71; and for half-fertility, r = 0,66, p 0,05. A similarly significant correlation (r = 0,7, p 0,05) was found between the diameter of pollen grains and traffic load, which indicates a consistent organism response to environment deterioration. From the above, it follows that for assessment of environmental condition such characteristics of pollen grains as fertility, half-fertility, and pollen grain size can be used.
Organization of lexical-semantic studies at the elementary school based on agnomic risk zones vocabulary definition
Authors: Avdonina Anna Yuryevna
Published: December 2020

This paper reviews an up-to-date problem of organization of lexical-semantic studies at the elementary school. Existing traditional approaches are unfortunately within the framework of the Russian language teaching methodology, and thus do not create a language and cultural area that provides successful acquirement of knowledge and communication goals. The school practice shows that one of the main reasons, which negatively influence the quality of production, perception and understanding of texts by students, is the agnonymy which has a direct correlation with periphery layers of the vocabulary. Agnonyms mainly include archaisms, historisms, obsolete words, scientific terms as well as words and phrases which are rarely or never used by a child in everyday life. Such words being met in various school-books make it difficult for the students to perceive and produce the texts. This paper provides types of tasks which let a teacher choose certain didactic materials (in accordance with school-books of educational-methodical complex) based on students agnomic risk zones vocabulary that will be defined. This will facilitate to broaden school students outlook, their language and cultural communication.
Bioecological assessment of a comfortable temperature component of weather and climate conditions and its effects on the health status of residents of the Middle Priobye
Authors: Bikmukhametova Larisa Mansurovna , Rusak Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the analysis of weather and climate variability on the example of the northern territory of Surgut and its influence on the population health indicators. The author has evaluated the cases of emergency hospitalization of Surgut population with circulatory system diseases in the dynamics of 20102014 and calculated the seasonal index for these diseases for men and women, indicating the activation of seasonal factors for almost every month. It was found that the total health indicators for both men and women increased in cases of emergency hospitalization in transitional seasons, which is generally consistent with weather conditions during these periods: during the off-season maximum and sharp changes in weather and climate parameters are observed. The analysis of the dependence of Surgut residents emergency hospitalization cases against the backdrop of weather dynamics showed a stronger dependence taking into account a 3-day time lag compared with dependence on the same day. The ranking of emergency hospitalization cases taking into account the gender and age of patients revealed an increased risk group for working people aged 5054. The assessment of the weather conditions using methods based on the chaos-self-organization theory showed clear differences in the atmospheric air temperature values within one month in the dynamics of 20102014 according to phase portraits, which indicated the limiting role of the temperature regime of meteo climatic conditions of the territory.
Ecological diversity of some resource medicinal mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus in the Novosibirsk Region
Authors: Vlasenko Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich , Asbaganov Sergey Valentinovich , Vlasenko Anastasiya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

In this paper the authors reveal features of substrate specialization and habitats distribution of the biotechnologically valuable medicinal resource species ofPleurotus pulmonariusmushrooms in the Novosibirsk Region. The authors show the distribution of the species on deciduous and coniferous tree species, in connection with substrate specificity, distribution in habitats and seasonal features of fructification formation. The studied species is confined mainly to deciduous trees; it was noted only once onAbies sibirica. In general,P.pulmonariuswas recorded on 5 species of deciduous trees, most of the samples were collected onBetula pendulaandPopulus tremula. Less often the fungus is found onSorbus sibirica,Populussp.,Acer negundo,Tilia cordata,Salix alba.P.pulmonariusdevelops in zonal small-leaved and mixed forests most often, it is rarely found in river floodplains and near-river communities. Quite often the fungus is found in artificial plantations, where it is one of the most common wood-decay fungi of anthropogenic habitats. Fructification ofP.pulmonariusin the Novosibirsk Region occurs from May to October, its peak activity is in late summer early fall (August-September).
Problems in the development of the Episcopate of Cyril of Alexandria
Authors: Zaytseva Irina Valeryevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with problems of the development of the Episcopate under one of the greatest person of the Alexandrian Church Cyril of Alexandria. The paper analyzes the Historia Ecclesiastica by Socrates Scholasticus, the works of Eusebius Caesarea and John of Nikiu, that outlines the key issues of the establishment of power relations in the Alexandrian Episcopate in IVV centuries. The research has shown that the Cyrils inauguration was prompted by the practice of continuity, which was developed in the Church Hierarchy, beginning with Athanasius of Alexandria, when power was handed down from uncle to nephew. After following his uncle Theophilus of Alexandria in a position by descent Cyril of Alexandria faced a number of important issues that needed quick response and significant resources: a power struggle with his rival Archdeacon Timotheus, continuing the practice of getting rid of heresy in the Nicene Christianity, and a need to establish a unified intellectual Christian environment. To solve these tasks was possible by a mass of public support as well as by using military force of the commander of the Emperors troops. The paper also emphasizes an escalating confrontation between the Alexandrian Bishop, followers of Novatian and a large Jewish community.