bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contextualizing prophylactic red blood cell antigen matching in the lifelong care of sickle cell disease and thalassaemia patients
Authors: Gehrie Eric A. , Booth Garrett S.
Published: December 2024

Alloimmunization to minor red blood cell antigens has been linked to patient morbidity and mortality, especially among people living with sickle cell disease and transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia. Prophylactic antigen matching is commonly used to prevent alloimmunization, but the evidence supporting this common practice is very limited. The report by Wolf et al. summarizes the latest literature on this topic and importantly finds that there is insufficient evidence to recommend prophylactic extended antigen matching (beyond ABO, RhD, RhCcEe and K). In an era of chronic blood shortages, this approach may help to assure patient access to elective surgery and cellular therapies, while preserving the supply of extensively antigen‐matched red cells for patients with specific needs.

Commentary on: Wolf et al. Red cell specifications for blood group matching in patients with haemoglobinopathies: An updated systematic review and clinical practice guideline from the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines. Br J Haematol 2025; 206:94‐108.
The Labour Share and Corporate Financialization: Evidence From Publicly Listed Firms
Authors: Guschanski Alexander , Onaran Özlem
Published: December 2024

This article examines the impact of corporate financialization on the labour share using data for publicly listed non‐financial corporations across 14 European countries. We test hypotheses derived from industrial relations literature on financialization against competing explanations for the labour share decline based on technological change and market concentration. Our findings show that increased dividend and interest payments, as well as financial profits, are associated with a fall in the labour share. These results support theories linking corporate financialization to rising overhead costs, shareholder‐value orientation and increasing exit options for capital. We find no evidence that technological progress drives the decline in the labour share. While market concentration negatively correlates with the labour share, concentration has decreased during our sample period, suggesting that ‘superstar firms’ are also not the primary driver of changes in functional income distribution.
Chronic Leg Ulcerations and Subcutaneous Panniculitis due to Dermal Herpes Zoster in an Immunosuppressed Woman
Authors: Al‐Dojaily Yasir , Omesiete Wilson , Flowers R. Hal , Gradecki Sarah E. , Lim Olivia V.
Published: December 2024

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a cutaneous viral disease that typically presents with a dermatomal vesicular eruption. Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to have atypical HZ involving chronic ulceration and disseminated distribution, making diagnosis a challenge. The current report describes a unique case of HZ in a woman with systemic lupus on immunosuppressive therapy manifesting as persistent lower extremity ulceration with diffuse dermal and endothelial infection and secondary panniculitis without epidermal involvement. Other potential etiologies were thoroughly excluded. The ulceration successfully responded to several weeks of valacyclovir. Recognizing atypical clinicopathologic manifestations of HZ in the setting of immune compromise is critical to accurate diagnosis and prompt therapy.
Continent‐wide analysis of moss diversity in Antarctica
Authors: Anderson Rodolfo O. , Chown Steven L. , Leihy Rachel I.
Published: December 2024

Mosses play a key role in Antarctic ecosystems. Understanding of moss diversity and its likely drivers across Antarctica is, however, limited, as is the extent to which Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) represent this diversity. Both are important given changing climates and direct human impacts in the region. Here we investigate variation in moss diversity, the frequency distribution of their range sizes, and their continent‐wide conservation. Richness is positively related to temperature, but negatively related to latitude, distance from bird colonies and geothermal sites; terrain roughness showed weak, yet positive, effects. Beta‐diversity is similar to that found for assemblages separated by long distances, dominated by species turnover. Multi‐site turnover (zeta diversity) suggests that niche‐related mechanisms are likely more responsible for diversity patterns than neutral mechanisms, despite the significant role wind‐driven dispersal is thought to play in structuring Antarctic biodiversity patterns. The frequency distribution of range sizes of mosses was right skewed, indicating that several moss species have very small range sizes, while a few species have larger ranges. Where ASPAs include mosses, richness varies between 1 and 41 species, with 65.1% (71 species) of the 109 species known from the continent included in the ASPA network. Twenty‐four species lie within 25 km2 radius of an ASPA, and 14 species beyond this distance could be considered relatively more difficult to protect. These findings lend support to the proposal that changing temperatures and expanding ice‐free areas will substantially increase Antarctica's diversity. Nonetheless, the mosses are reasonably well represented by the ASPA network, contrasting with other Antarctic taxa.
Differences in Tri‐Trophic Community Responses to Temperature‐Dependent Vital Rates, Thermal Niche Mismatches and Temperature‐Size Rule
Authors: Dijoux Samuel , Smalås Aslak , Primicerio Raul , Boukal David S.
Published: December 2024

Warming climate impacts aquatic ectotherms by changes in individual vital rates and declines in body size, a phenomenon known as the temperature‐size rule (TSR), and indirectly through altered species interactions and environmental feedbacks. The relative importance of these effects in shaping community responses to environmental change is incompletely understood. We employ a tri‐trophic food chain model with size‐ and temperature‐dependent vital rates and species interaction strengths to explore the role of direct kinetic effects of temperature and TSR on community structure along resource productivity and temperature gradients. We find that community structure, including the propensity for sudden collapse along resource productivity and temperature gradients, is primarily driven by the direct kinetic effects of temperature on vital rates and thermal mismatches between the consumer and predator species, overshadowing the TSR‐mediated effects. Overall, our study enhances the understanding of the complex interplay between temperature, species traits and community dynamics in aquatic ecosystems.
Dysphagia increases the risk of post‐stroke fatigue
Authors: Karisik Anel , Moelgg Kurt , Buergi Lucie , Scherer Lukas , Schneider Theresa , Dejakum Benjamin , Komarek Silvia , Boehme Christian , Toell Thomas , Pechlaner Raimund , Sollereder Simon , Rossi Sonja , Eller Michael Thomas , Schoenherr Gudrun , Lang Wilfried , Kiechl Stefan , Knoflach Michael , Mayer‐Suess Lukas ,   for the STROKE‐CARD study group
Published: December 2024

Background

Post‐stroke dysphagia is known to have a pronounced effect on mortality and quality of life of stroke patients. Here, we investigate whether this extends to post‐stroke fatigue, a major contributor to morbidity after ischemic stroke.

Methods

Patients with acute ischemic stroke (recruited consecutively in the STROKE‐CARD Registry from 2020 to 2023 at the study center Innsbruck, Austria) were examined for dysphagia via clinical swallowing examination at hospital admission. Post‐stroke fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) at study specific in person follow‐up visits within the first year after ischemic stroke.

Results

Among 882 ischemic stroke patients (mean age 72.4 ± 13.5 years, 36.8% females), dysphagia was present in 22.0% at hospital admission and persisted in 16.2% until hospital discharge. Post‐stroke fatigue affected 52.2% of the total cohort during follow‐up and was significantly more prevalent among those with dysphagia (68.4% vs. 49.0%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of fatigue increased with the severity of dysphagia, with the highest proportion (86.7%) in those with severe dysphagia. After multivariable adjustment for other factors associated with post‐stroke fatigue, including age, sex, pre‐stroke disability, cognitive impairment, stroke severity, inability to walk at discharge, and need for antidepressants at discharge, dysphagia remained independently associated with post‐stroke fatigue during the first year after stroke (odds ratio [OR]: 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–3.38).

Conclusions

Dysphagia is common after ischemic stroke and increases the risk of post‐stroke fatigue. Patient‐tailored measures are warranted to reduce fatigue after stroke and therefore enhance quality of life.
Improving Fatigue Life Prediction of Natural Rubber Using a Physics‐Informed Neural Network Model
Authors: Sun Yingshuai , Liu Xiangnan , Yang Qing , Liu Xuelai , He Kuanfang
Published: December 2024

Traditional physical models and purely data‐driven approaches often struggle with small sample sizes and the complex effects of strain ratios. To overcome these challenges, this study integrates physical principles with machine learning techniques to improve fatigue life predictions for natural rubber (NR). A uniaxial fatigue test on NR was performed, generating data to construct a physical model. A physics‐informed neural network (PINN) model was subsequently developed, utilizing the fatigue life predicted by the physical model, along with engineering strain amplitude and strain ratio as input variables, whereas the experimentally observed fatigue life served as the output variable. The accuracy of the physical model, a data‐driven model, and the proposed PINN model was evaluated by comparing their predictions against measured fatigue life data. The findings demonstrate that the PINN model significantly enhances prediction accuracy, with its fatigue life estimates consistently falling within 1.5 times the measured values.
Habitat Changes at the Local Scale Have Major Impacts on Waterfowl Populations Across a Migratory Flyway
Authors: de Felipe Miguel , Amat Juan A. , Arroyo José Luis , Rodríguez Rubén , Díaz‐Paniagua Carmen
Published: December 2024

Migratory waterbirds are experiencing severe declines worldwide due to habitat loss. Their life cycles often span different countries and continents, highlighting the need for safeguarding wetland networks along migratory flyways. However, there are gaps in understanding how changes in specific sites can impact species at the biogeographical scale. Here we used a wetland of international importance (the Guadalquivir marshes, SW Spain) as a case study to investigate the causes and consequences at the flyway scale of annual changes in wintering waterbird assemblages. To do so, we combined 38 years of local and international waterfowl winter counts, environmental and remote sensing data encompassing 432 Ramsar sites, and a functional approach through structural equation modelling (SEM). We show that the environmental conditions experienced by wintering waterfowl in the study area were correlated with changes in their biogeographical populations in the East Atlantic Flyway. We found that during the last 40 years, the waterfowl assemblage wintering at the Guadalquivir marshes has shifted from a community composed mainly by herbivores and pre‐Saharan dabbling granivores, to the current one dominated by Trans‐Saharan dabbling granivores. Declines in 9/15 of the species studied were associated with the deterioration of the Doñana National Park natural marshes, whereas changes in the remnant six species responded mainly to global factors, such as the increase in winter temperatures in other areas of their distribution range. These results underscore the importance of considering global factors and flyway population data when interpreting regional trends of migratory animals. But also, that changes in specific wetlands can have measurable global impacts. Being that the long‐term persistence of migratory animals in a changing world entails the protection and integrity of migratory flyways beyond national borders.
How Plants Survive the Heat—On the Benefit of Engineered Photorespiration
Authors: Sun Hu , Thiemann Inken , Timm Stefan
Published: December 2024

This commentary article highlights the recent findings by Meacham–Hensold and colleagues on the benefit of engineered photorespiration for plant acclimation toward future climate change scenarios. Their fieldwork shows that optimized photorespiration can help to deal with short‐term heatwaves better than the corresponding control plants.
Defects in the H3t Gene Cause an Increase in Leydig Cells With Impaired Spermatogenesis in Mice
Authors: Wu Qianmei , Ito Miho , Fujii Takeru , Tanaka Kaori , Nakatani Kohta , Izumi Yoshihiro , Bamba Takeshi , Baba Takashi , Maehara Kazumitsu , Tomimatsu Kosuke , Takemoto Tatsuya , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Harada Akihito
Published: December 2024

Abnormalities in spermatogenesis, a fundamental component of male reproductive function, can cause male infertility. Somatic cells constituting the testis microenvironment are essential for controlling normal spermatogenesis. Although testicular somatic cells are thought to sense and respond to germ cells to ensure proper spermatogenesis, the details of this signaling mechanism are unknown. Here, we investigated somatic cell dynamics in testicular tissue lacking spermatogenesis using the mice with deletion of the testis‐specific histone H3 variant gene H3t. Testicular tissue sections of H3tΔ/Δ mice exhibited an increased interstitial area compared with those of wild‐type mice, which was primarily attributed to an increase in Leydig cell numbers. Furthermore, this increase in Leydig cells led to increased testosterone synthesis, which occurred alongside cellular senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity. These findings suggest that Leydig cells monitor the progress of spermatogenesis and possess a mechanism to promote functional germ cell formation.
GBA+ in Canada's immigration system: Opportunities and limitations
Authors: Baglay Sasha
Published: December 2024

This exploratory study investigates the use of Gender‐based Analysis Plus (GBA+) in Canada's immigration programme development. The objectives of the article are as follows: first, to provide insight into the structures within the Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) that support GBA+ and understand how it is applied in practice; second, to evaluate the transformative potential of GBA+ in this context. Drawing on IRCC's policy, guidelines, Annual Reports to Parliament and self‐assessments, the article makes a preliminary finding that GBA+ is unlikely to prompt transformation of key tenets of the immigration system, but it can stimulate incremental changes, particularly in areas that are already more responsive to systemic barriers (such as the refugee class). However, more in‐depth study is needed into the IRCC's culture and attitude towards GBA+ as well as full content analysis of GBA+ of a larger sample of recent initiatives.
Ecohydrological Response of a Tropical Peatland to Rainfall Changes Driven by Intertropical Convergence Zone Variability
Authors: Swindles Graeme T. , Whitney Bronwen S. , Gałka Mariusz , Mullan Donal J. , Low Rob , Gallego‐Sala Angela , Lopez R. Omar , Kilbride Elliot , Graham Conor , Baird Andy J.
Published: December 2024

Aim

Tropical peatlands are globally significant carbon stores, increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change. However, their ecohydrological responses to shifting water availability remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the connections between climate change, hydrology and vegetation dynamics in a coastal tropical peatland in Panama, aiming to understand the effects of future drying on peatland dynamics.

Location

Bocas del Toro, Panama (9°22′54″N, 82°21′59″W).

Taxon

Angiosperms.

Methods

High‐resolution multiproxy palaeoecological data, including pollen and plant macrofossils (vegetation), testate amoebae (water‐table depth) and physical peat properties, are used to explore the relationships between climate change, hydrology and vegetation in a coastal tropical peatland over the past 700 years. Downscaled climate simulations are integrated with this process‐based understanding to project the likely future responses of this coastal peatland to climate change.

Results

We identify a clear connection between precipitation variability, driven by shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and water‐table dynamics, which subsequently influence changes in the peatland vegetation mosaic. Historical drier periods are marked by the expansion of shrub communities into the open peatland plain.

Main Conclusions

Palaeoecological studies incorporating climate and hydrological proxies are essential for understanding both recent and future ecohydrological dynamics of tropical peatlands. Our findings suggest that in response to future climate change, water tables will lower and shrub communities will expand due to rising temperatures and reduced precipitation. Additionally, future sea‐level rise, combined with declining rainfall, may result in seawater intrusion and significant vegetation shifts in coastal tropical peatlands.
Citizen Observations Shed New Light on Geographic Variation in Colour Polymorphism of a Widespread Reptile
Authors: Jansen Niels , Pruijn Nick , Mayer Martin
Published: December 2024

Aim

Colour polymorphism within ectothermic species and populations is shaped by multiple selection pressures that can vary geographically. Here, we tested different hypotheses to better understand this variation in colour polymorphism. The thermal melanism hypothesis predicts that darker colouration is beneficial in colder regions, due to enhanced heat absorption, while the predation pressure hypothesis predicts that melanistic individuals are exposed to a higher predation risk because they are more visible to predators. Additionally, temperature, land cover and predation pressure could interact to influence colour morph frequencies due to trade‐offs regarding thermoregulation and predation risk.

Location

Eurasia.

Taxon

European adder (Vipera berus).

Methods

We compiled a dataset of > 7000 citizen observations across the entire distribution of the European adder, scoring adder colouration to test the above‐mentioned hypotheses concerning geographic variation in colour polymorphism, using Bayesian generalised nonlinear regression models.

Results

We found support for the thermal melanism hypothesis, with the frequency of melanism increasing in colder regions. Moreover, in colder areas, the proportion of melanistic snakes increased with avian predator density, whereas this pattern was weaker in warmer areas, potentially because melanistic snakes spend less time basking and therefore experience reduced predation rates compared to brown and grey snakes. Finally, we found the proportion of melanistic individuals to decline at higher elevations (> 1000 m), potentially due to increased access to basking opportunities or because higher elevations facilitate easier detection of melanistic snakes by predators.

Main Conclusions

Combined, our results emphasise the large potential of citizen observations to obtain novel insights concerning biogeographic patterns of morphological divergence in colouration. Our findings increase the understanding of the underlying mechanisms affecting colour polymorphism in ectothermic animals, providing valuable information to predict how species might respond to global change.
Unlocking Augmented Reality Learning Design Based on Evidence From Empirical Cognitive Load Studies—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Gonnermann‐Müller Jana , Krüger Jule M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite the numerous positive effects of augmented reality (AR) on learning, previous research has shown ambiguous results regarding the cognitive demand on the learner arising from, for example, the overlay of virtual elements or novel interaction techniques. At the same time, the number of evidence‐based guidelines on designing AR is limited or focuses on global effects, primarily relying on media comparison studies, whose validity is criticised.

Objective

To guide the meaningful design of learning and training settings, this paper systematically reviews empirical research on AR design and synthesises the findings to develop evidence‐based recommendations for designing AR systems considering cognitive load.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review, initially screening 810 distinct papers and ultimately analysing findings from 27 publications, which report on 29 distinct experimental studies. This selection was based on rigorously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines.

Results and Conclusion

The central value of this paper is the aggregation of existing evidence from empirical studies, resulting in 15 recommendations for AR design based on six design dimensions: Spatiality‐related, Interaction‐related, Contextuality‐related, Content‐related, Guidance‐related and Display Selection. Additionally, with three points for future research, this systematic literature review, first, stresses the need for more empirical evidence and value‐added studies. Second, learner characteristics that might influence cognitive load in AR‐based learning should be examined. Third, it advocates for the inclusion of measurements beyond the NASA‐TLX, and including more physiological measurements (e.g., eye‐tracking, EEG) to enhance the applicability of the results for learning and training situations.
Geraniin Alleviates Mouse Laser‐Induced Choroidal Neovascularisation by Inhibiting Choroidal Endothelial Cell ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)/MasR/IL‐10 Pathway
Authors: Lu Hongyi , Cai Qi , Li Lele , Gu Jiayi , Zhang Yuting , Sun Haotian , Su Hui , Song Lei
Published: December 2024

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs suppress choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), thus improving vision. However, some patients may have a poor response or develop resistance to anti‐VEGF drugs. Geraniin (GE), a polyphenol isolated from an herb called Phyllanthus amarus, possesses anti‐angiogenic properties. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of GE in CNV. GE was found to activate the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin 1–7 (Ang‐[1–7])/MAS1 proto‐oncogene, G protein‐coupled receptor (MasR)/interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) pathway in hypoxic human choroidal endothelial cells (HCECs) in vitro and mouse models of laser‐induced CNV in vivo. Activation of the ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)/MasR/IL‐10 pathway by GE attenuated the proliferative, migratory, and tube‐forming abilities of hypoxic HCECs and prevented the development of CNV in mice. Notably, GE did not cause ocular or systemic toxicity in mice with CNV. These findings suggest that GE alleviates CNV by activating the ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)/MasR/IL‐10 pathway in choroidal endothelial cells (CECs).
Comparison of osmoregulatory and endocrine factors in steelhead and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following free selection of environmental salinity
Authors: Yada T. , Abe M.
Published: December 2024

To clarify the differences between migratory and non‐migratory salmonids during the parr‐smolt transformation, we conducted experiments on steelhead (SH) and rainbow trout (RT) Oncorhynchus mykiss. We examined relationships among different parameters of osmoregulatory, endocrine, immune, and stress‐related regulation in these fish following free selection of salinities. For this, we used an experimental halocline aquarium in which the upper layer was filled with fresh water and the lower with seawater. There was no significant difference between the two trout strains in terms of the number of fish in the final positions after the overnight trial. However, the time spent by each fish in the lower tank during the overnight trial was significantly longer in SH than in RT. Additionally, the time spent by each fish in the lower tank and plasma cortisol concentration were significantly correlated in RT, but not in SH. Similarly, plasma osmolality after the trial had a significant positive correlation with plasma cortisol concentration in RT, but not in SH. The plasma cortisol and mRNA levels of sodium‐potassium ATPase‐α3 in the gill were negatively correlated, as were several types of cortisol receptors in the gill and brain, in RT. Meanwhile, the genes expressed in SH were positively correlated with plasma cortisol. In SH, plasma cortisol was also significantly correlated with immune and stress‐related factors, which was not seen in RT. Our results suggest that the studied factors are important to behavioral and physiological differences in anadromy among salmonid species.
Maternal schooling and child's age interaction and its association with ultra‐processed food consumption in Brazilian children <5 years of age: Results from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI‐2019)
Authors: Mello Juliana Vieira de Castro , Schincaglia Raquel Machado , Andrade Pedro Gomes , Alves‐Santos Nadya Helena , Farias Dayana Rodrigues , Oliveira Natália , Lacerda Elisa Maria de Aquino , Carneiro Leticia Barroso Vertulli , Normando Paula , de Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro , Kac Gilberto
Published: December 2024

Background

The consumption of ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) has increased worldwide, including among children. Maternal schooling has been associated with children's UPF consumption. The present study examined the interaction between maternal schooling and child age in the association with UPF consumption in Brazilian children <5 years.

Methods

The Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI‐2019) is a household‐based population survey of 14,558 children <5 years residing in 123 Brazilian municipalities. A structured questionnaire was used to quantify the consumption of nine groups of UPF, according to the NOVA classification, on the day before the interview. The mean, standard deviation and 95% CI for UPF consumption are presented. A multiple Poisson regression model was used, including an interaction between maternal schooling and child age, to estimate the predicted consumption of UPF.

Results

The prevalence of consumption of at least one UPF group was 81% in Brazilian children <5 years, with the most consumed UPFs being sweet or savoury biscuits/cookies (51.0%), sweetened beverages (37.5%), baby cereals (29.4%) and yogurt (28.1%). Children 6–11 months of age had a lower mean consumption of UPF when maternal schooling was >12 years (0.73 [95% CI: 0.48–0.98]) compared to those whose mothers had ≤7 years (1.55 [95% CI: 1.18–1.92]) and 8–11 years of schooling (1.40 [95% CI: 1.19–1.61]). The interaction model between maternal schooling and child age (p < 0.001) indicated that children of mothers with higher schooling had significantly lower consumption of UPF up to 8 months of age. However, no significant differences in consumption were observed thereafter.

Conclusions

The child age modifies the association of maternal schooling on UPF consumption, that is, UPF consumption was lower for children up to 8 months when their mothers had higher schooling, whereas no significant results were found for older infants.
The development of orofacial complex in bats: Implications for orofacial clefting
Authors: Meguro Fumiya , Higashiyama Hiroki , Pommery Yannick , Wilson Laura A. B. , Tu Vuong Tan , Nojiri Taro , Fukui Dai , Koyabu Daisuke
Published: December 2024

Orofacial morphology in mammals plays a critical role in essential life functions such as feeding and communication, which are influenced by the shapes of these anatomical structures. Bats are known to exhibit highly diversified orofacial morphotypes within their clade, reflecting their varied diets and echolocation behaviors. The presence of bony discontinuities between the premaxilla and maxilla or among the premaxillae is a notable feature of bat orofacial morphology, observed in certain lineages. It is suggested that these unique orofacial morphotypes, not generally found in other mammals, have evolved in relation to dietary adaptations rather than merely for echolocation mode. Until now, the developmental background of the bony discontinuities in the bat orofacial complex has been insufficiently investigated. Here, we present a comparative study of the chondrocranium and epithelial organs in the orofacial complex of three bat species: Cynopterus sphinx, Rhinolophus malayanus, and Vespertilio sinensis. Our observations indicate that the preceding morphogenesis of orofacial cartilage and epithelial structures is remarkably different among these three species. In C. sphinx and V. sinensis, the region forming from the regression of the palatine process of the premaxilla was filled with orofacial cartilage and epithelial structures. We also found that the clefted morphology observed in R. malayanus and V. sinensis was formed via contrastingly divergent developmental processes. Midline clefts among Yangochiroptera have been previously categorized to represent a uniform morphotype, but our study highlights that attributing midline clefts into a singular category should be revisited, advocating for a nuanced categorization of cleft morphology based on their morphogenetic patterns. Further research on the bat orofacial complex may enhance our understanding of bat evolutionary diversification and offer insights into the developmental mechanisms of human cleft palate.
Genetic Variation in the Atlantic Bobtail Squid‐Vibrio Symbiosis From the Galician Rías
Authors: Pérez‐Ferrer P. A. , Ashraf M. , Rodrigues M. , Troncoso J. , Nishiguchi M. K.
Published: December 2024

Symbiotic marine bacteria that are transmitted through the environment are susceptible to abiotic factors (salinity, temperature, physical barriers) that can influence their ability to colonize their specific hosts. Given that many symbioses are driven by host specificity, environmentally transmitted symbionts are more susceptible to extrinsic factors depending on conditions over space and time. In order to determine whether the population structure of environmentally transmitted symbionts reflects host specificity or biogeography, we analysed the genetic structure of Sepiola atlantica (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and their Vibrio symbionts (V. fischeri and V. logei) in four Galician Rías (Spain). This geographical location is characterized by a jagged coastline with a deep‐sea entrance into the land, ideal for testing whether such population barriers exist due to genetic isolation. We used haplotype estimates combined with nested clade analysis to determine the genetic relatedness for both S. atlantica and Vibrio bacteria. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) were used to estimate variation within and between populations for both host and symbiont genetic data. Our analyses reveal a low percentage of variation among and between host populations, suggesting that these populations are panmictic. In contrast, Vibrio symbiont populations show certain degree of genetic structure, demonstrating that the hydrology of the rías is driving bacterial distribution (and not host specificity). Thus, for environmentally transmitted symbioses such as the sepiolid squid‐Vibrio association, abiotic factors can be a major selective force for determining population structure for one of the partners.
The Turnip Yellows Virus Capsid Protein Promotes Access of Its Main Aphid Vector Myzus persicae to Phloem Tissues
Authors: Verdier Maxime , Boissinot Sylvaine , Baltenweck Raymonde , Negrel Lise , Brault Véronique , Ziegler‐Graff Véronique , Hugueney Philippe , Scheidecker Daniele , Krieger Célia , Chesnais Quentin , Drucker Martin
Published: December 2024

Many plant viruses modify the phenotype of their hosts, which may influence the behaviour of their vectors and facilitate transmission. Among them is the turnip yellows virus (TuYV), which can modify the orientation, feeding, and performance of its main aphid vector, Myzus persicae. However, the virus factors driving these mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we compared the feeding behaviour and fecundity of aphids on TuYV‐infected and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing individual TuYV proteins (CP, RT and P0) to define the role of these proteins in aphid–plant interactions. Aphids on TuYV‐infected plants had shorter pathway phases and ingested phloem sap for longer times, which is expected to promote the acquisition of the phloem‐limited TuYV. No change in aphid fecundity was observed on TuYV‐infected plants. The transmission‐conducive feeding behaviour changes could be fully reproduced by phloem‐specific expression of the capsid protein (CP) in transgenic plants, whereas expression of P0 had minor and RT had no effects on aphid feeding behaviour. We then carried out a metabolomic analysis to determine plant compounds that could be involved in the modification of the aphid behaviour. A few metabolites were specific for TuYV‐infected or CP‐transgenic A. thaliana, and are good candidates for inducing behavioural changes.
High‐Risk Melanoma: Stage Before Operating
Authors: Makaranka Stanislau , Oo Zon , Pollock Jonathan
Published: December 2024

Current NICE guidelines state that in high‐risk melanoma patients, imaging should not be offered before SLNB unless lymph node or distant metastases are suspected. Our experience has been that in patients with pT3b, pT4a and pT4b melanomas, the rate of management‐changing findings on axial imaging prior to SLNB was high and that ‘stage before operating’ is a better approach. We now offer full axial imaging as staging to all high‐risk melanoma patients prior to SLNB and advise other skin cancer MDTs to follow this approach.
Accuracy of Medicaid Physician Directories of Board‐Certified Pediatric Dermatologists
Authors: Tessier‐Kay Madeleine , Beltrami Eric , Sinha Shivani , Feng Hao
Published: December 2024

Patients may rely on health insurance physician directories to determine who is in‐network and inaccuracies in these directories may lead to delayed access to treatment, unexpected out‐of‐pocket costs, and increased barriers to care. This cross‐sectional study quantifies the accuracy of state‐specific Medicaid directories regarding board‐certified pediatric dermatologists, and compares physicians listed accurately with those listed inaccurately by type of practice and region of practice. The accuracy of all state Medicaid physician directories was 84.7%. Most states with board‐certified pediatric dermatologists had directories that contained inaccuracies and directory accuracy varied significantly by practice type, but not region of practice.
Glycosylation in Canine Placentas
Authors: Zanuzzi Carolina N. , Gomez Castro Gimena , Hernández Rocío , Tozzi Romina , Falcón Juan E. , Barbeito Claudio G. , Diessler Mónica E.
Published: December 2024

This article describes the carbohydrate composition of early and mature placentas from bitches, detected by lectin histochemistry. Formalin‐fixed placental samples from 11 mixed‐breed bitches have been assigned to the ‘early’ or the ‘mature’ placenta group, processed by the routine histological technique and labelled with a panel of 14 biotinylated lectins. The glycan distribution was almost completely preserved over pregnancy. Cytotrophoblast cells expressed high‐mannose N‐linked residues and N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, whereas mannose N‐linked residues, N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine and β‐ and α‐D‐galactose/N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine have been found in the syncytiotrophoblast. The maternal and foetal endothelial binding pattern was enriched in β‐D‐galactose, α‐D‐mannose in non‐bisected bi/tri‐antennary N‐linked complex and Galα1,3Gal‐Galα1,4Gal. Both deep and superficial glands showed a great variety of glycoconjugates, such as D‐mannose, D‐glucose, N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine, galactose, N‐acetylneuraminic acid and fucose. Most results in this study were consistent with those previously reported in canine and feline mature placentas; here, early placentas have been analysed and the lectin binding pattern of mature placentas has been further described. These studies on canine placentas contribute to detecting and understanding glycome changes in pathophysiological conditions.
Lived experiences of mothers: A longitudinal study of impacts and adjustment following adolescent psychiatric hospitalization for suicide attempts or other reasons
Authors: Goldston David B. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Curry John F. , Wells Karen C. , Doyle Otima , Weller Bridget E. , Erkanli Alaattin , Breland‐Noble Alfiee M. , Heilbron Nicole C. , Inscoe Adrienne B.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Parents play crucial roles in monitoring and supporting youth who have been hospitalized after suicide attempts, but their adjustment in the period following hospitalization has been understudied. This study assessed the adjustment and impacts on mothers during the year following hospitalization.

Method

Participants included 135 mothers of suicidal adolescents and 117 mothers of adolescents hospitalized for other reasons. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) and the Child and Adolescent Impact Assessment were used to assess psychiatric diagnoses of Major Depressive Disorder [MDD], Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD], and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD], and impacts on caregivers at one, three, six, and 12 months after hospitalization.

Results

Higher rates of MDD, GAD, and PTSD, and greater impacts were evidenced closer in time to the hospitalization. There were few overall differences between mothers of youth with and without suicidal behavior. However, family history of suicidal behavior was related to higher rates of MDD and PTSD, and greater severity of youth suicidal thoughts and behavior over the follow‐up was related to greater impact upon mothers of suicidal youth.

Conclusions

This study highlights the mental health struggles of mothers of suicidal and other hospitalized youth and underscores the importance of support for caregivers.
Ghosting: A Common but Unpopular Rejection Strategy
Authors: Freedman Gili , Powell Darcey N.
Published: December 2024

Ghosting (i.e., unilaterally ending a relationship by cutting off all contact) is a poorly perceived but common relationship dissolution strategy used to end romantic, platonic, and other relationships. The experience of ghosting elicits a range of emotional consequences including hurt feelings and confusion in the person being ghosted and guilt and relief in the person engaging in ghosting. Ghosting occurs for a variety of reasons including believing that it is the most appropriate form of rejection within digital contexts, desire for ease, and safety concerns. Willingness to engage in ghosting is associated with individual differences such as attachment and implicit theories of relationships. We conclude with suggestions for future research that highlight methodological, as well as sample‐ and context‐based, recommendations to better understand the nuances of ghosting decisions and experiences as they unfold over time.
Identity‐Based Motivation and the Motivational Consequences of Difficulty
Authors: Oyserman Daphna
Published: December 2024

Difficulty is an under‐appreciated but powerful motivational force. As outlined by identity‐based motivation (IBM) theory, a social cognition theory of self, self‐regulation, and goal pursuit, people prefer to act (action‐readiness) and understand their experiences (procedural‐readiness) in ways that fit who they are (identity‐congruence). IBM also predicts that experienced identity congruence is context‐sensitive—though experienced as stable anchors, people's identities are dynamically constructed in context. Contexts shape which identities come to mind, what these on‐the‐mind identities imply for action, and what people infer when thinking about a task, goal, or life feels hard. People can draw two inferences (termed difficulty‐as‐importance and difficulty‐as‐impossibility) when a task or goal feels hard to think about and a third (termed difficulty‐as‐improvement) when their life feels hard to think about. IBM predicts, and studies support, a bidirectional relationship among these three components (action‐readiness, procedural‐readiness, and dynamic construction). Situations shape the identities that are on the mind and feel relevant (dynamic construction) and the inferences people draw from difficulty (procedural readiness). On‐the‐mind and context‐relevant identities shape inferences from difficulty. Inferences from difficulty affect identity and action—when applying a difficulty‐as‐importance lens, people feel more certain of attaining their self‐relevant goals. They perform better and find engaging a “me” thing to do—“no pain, no gain”. When applying a difficulty‐as‐impossibility lens, people find engaging a waste of their time and unlikely to yield self‐benefits unless an easy means to goal attainment exists—“cut your losses”. They focus on their virtuous character traits and prefer effortful means to attain self‐relevant goals when applying a difficulty‐as‐improvement lens—“the high road”. Difficulty can be a green light of importance signaling you to get going, a detour sign of impossibility signaling you to shift to something else, or angel wings pointing you to the effortful route.
WHIRLY1 regulates aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in early seedling development of Arabidopsis
Authors: Nguyen Linh Thuy , Moutesidi Pinelopi , Ziegler Jörg , Glasneck Anike , Khosravi Solmaz , Abel Steffen , Hensel Götz , Krupinska Karin , Humbeck Klaus
Published: December 2024

WHIRLY1 belongs to a family of plant‐specific transcription factors capable of binding DNA or RNA in all three plant cell compartments that contain genetic materials. In Arabidopsis thaliana, WHIRLY1 has been studied at the later stages of plant development, including flowering and leaf senescence, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, WHIRLY1 knockout mutants of A. thaliana were prepared by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing to investigate the role of WHIRLY1 during early seedling development. The loss‐of‐function of WHIRLY1 in 5‐day‐old seedlings did not cause differences in the phenotype and the photosynthetic performance of the emerging cotyledons compared with the wild type. Nevertheless, comparative RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the knockout of WHIRLY1 affected the expression of a small but specific set of genes during this critical phase of development. About 110 genes were found to be significantly deregulated in the knockout mutant, wherein several genes involved in the early steps of aliphatic glucosinolate (GSL) biosynthesis were suppressed compared with wild‐type plants. The downregulation of these genes in WHIRLY1 knockout lines led to decreased GSL contents in seedlings and in seeds. Since GSL catabolism mediated by myrosinases was not altered during seed‐to‐seedling transition, the results suggest that AtWHIRLY1 plays a major role in modulation of aliphatic GSL biosynthesis during early seedling development. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed a coincidence between the evolution of methionine‐derived aliphatic GSLs and the addition of a new WHIRLY in core families of the plant order Brassicales.
Asymptotic behavior of the ground‐state solutions of Lane–Emden system
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Hu Yichen , Peng Shaolong , Yuan Tingfeng
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we consider the following Lane–Emden system:
where , and belongs to the critical hyperbola
We derive the asymptotic behavior of the ground‐state solutions of the above Lane–Emden system.
Overcoming challenges in single electron charge detection of nanoscale dipoles
Authors: Istiaque Rahaman Mohammad , McManus R. A. , Noronha D. J. , Szakmany G. P. , Orlov A. O. , Snider G. L.
Published: December 2024

Single-electron transistors (SETs) can serve as electrometers to sense single-electron charge switching in nanoscale objects. A sub-20 nm metal double-dot (DD) structure, separated by a tunnel barrier, essentially functions as a dipole, and SETs have been utilized to detect single-electron switching within these DDs. The sensing of single-electron charge switching within these nanoscale metal DDs mimics single-charge sensing in molecular regimes and charge qubit sensing. In this study, two SET electrometers were employed to sense a single DD structure. The sensing outcomes of both SETs confirmed the detection of electron switching within the DD as well as the detection of the other SETs across the DD. To increase the induced charge in the SET due to electron switching within the DD, the SET electrometer was placed in very close proximity to the DD in one of the designs. This design, however, led to the formation of a metal dot tunnel-coupled to the SET electrometer, effectively functioning as a Single Electron Box and potentially disrupting the charge sensing fidelity of SETs while detecting charge switching in the DD. The impact of a SET tunnel-coupled to a metal dot was further investigated in a separate design. It was also demonstrated how proper design of SETs can incorporate a tunnel-coupled metal dot while maintaining the ability to detect electron switching within DDs with high fidelity simultaneously.
Transcranial ultrasound modeling using the spectral-element method
Authors: Marty Patrick , Boehm Christian , van Driel Martin , Fichtner Andreas
Published: December 2024

This work explores techniques for accurately modeling the propagation of ultrasound waves in lossy fluid-solid media, such as within transcranial ultrasound, using the spectral-element method. The objectives of this work are twofold, namely, (1) to present a formulation of the coupled viscoacoustic-viscoelastic wave equation for the spectral-element method in order to incorporate attenuation in both fluid and solid regions and (2) to provide an end-to-end workflow for performing spectral-element simulations in transcranial ultrasound. The matrix-free implementation of this high-order finite-element method is very well-suited for performing waveform-based ultrasound simulations for both transcranial imaging and focused ultrasound treatment thanks to its excellent accuracy, flexibility for dealing with complex geometries, and computational efficiency. The ability to explicitly mesh distinct interfaces between regions with high impedance contrasts eliminates staircasing artifacts, which are otherwise non-trivial to mitigate within discretization approaches based on regular grids. This work demonstrates the efficacy of this modeling technique for transcranial ultrasound through a number of numerical examples. While the examples in this work primarily focus on transcranial applications, this type of modeling is equally relevant within other soft tissue-bone systems such as in limb or spine imaging.
Healing limited
Authors: Baek Amy E.
Published: December 2024

Activation of liver X receptor promotes tissue regeneration over neoplastic transformation.
NovelHYLS1variants associated with Joubert syndrome suggest potential genotype-phenotype correlates
Authors: Gana Simone , D’Abrusco Fulvio , Nicotra Roberta , Ghiberti Chiara , Catalano Guido , Rognone Elisa , Pichiecchio Anna , Signorini Sabrina , Valente Enza Maria
Published: December 2024

Joubert syndrome (JS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental ciliopathy with wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity, whose paradigmatic sign is a peculiar cerebellar and brainstem malformation known as the ‘molar tooth sign’. Recessive pathogenic variants in theHYLS1gene are associated with hydrolethalus syndrome (HLS), a severe disorder characterised by multiple developmental defects leading to intrauterine or perinatal death. However,HYLS1biallelic variants were also reported in three individuals with JS.

Here, we report a fourth patient with a purely neurological JS carrying two compound heterozygous missense variants in theHYLS1gene. Notably, while all patients with lethal HLS had both variants falling within the highly conserved HYLS-1 Box, the four patients with milder JS phenotype featured at least one variant external to this evolutionary conserved domain, suggesting a possible correlation between the mutation site and the severity of the phenotype.