bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cost of Being Black in Social Work Practicum
Authors: Johnson Nia , Archibald Paul , Estreet Anthony , Morgan Amanda
Published: September 2021

The social work profession is not exempt from fueling institutional racism, which affects the provision of social work practicum education for Black social work students. This article highlights how the historical and current social cost of being Black in the United States presents itself within social work education’s signature pedagogy. Social workers who hold bachelor’s degrees in social work (BSW) are more likely to be Black than those holding master’s degrees in social work (MSW; Salsberg et al., 2017). It takes Black students longer to earn an MSW degree though they are more likely to hold a BSW while also having work experience related to the social work profession; this is indicative of a flawed system. The implications of this are explored by highlighting social work’s historical context and the role privilege holds within a profession charged with working towards social justice. Critical Race Theory (CRT) is utilized to unearth how the current state of social work practicum upholds a culture of white supremacy through covertly racist requirements and practices. Case examples are utilized to demonstrate the challenges Black students face as social work practicum mimics oppressive practices and perpetuates disparities in the social work landscape. Additionally, this article explores oppression’s role in treating vulnerable social work students and how that treatment is reflected in the workforce, ultimately informing service delivery.
How Racism Against BIPOC Women Faculty Operates in Social Work Academia
Authors: Azhar Sameena , McCutcheon Kendra P. DeLoach
Published: September 2021

In this article, we seek to highlight the ways in which we, as two female social work faculty members whose racial/ethnic identities fall into the categories of Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC), have experienced racism and White supremacy within predominantly White institutions in the United States. We seek to clarify that these experiences are not unique to any particular institution or university, but rather reflect systemic racism and the upholding of White supremacy in higher education in social work throughout the United States. We highlight the differential vulnerability faced by BIPOC women in academia, which are often unaddressed in the pursuit of what is seen to be an egalitarian or colorblind merit review. Bearing in mind our reflexivity on our positionalities, we share personal narratives regarding our own marginalization within White spaces and the emotional labor that we are often asked to carry for the institutions within which we work. We will elucidate experiences of tokenization or assumed intellectual inferiority by our peers. Given the current sociopolitical moment and the heightened awareness of diversity, equity and inclusion efforts within universities, we also reflect on how institutions of higher education, and particularly schools of social work, can move beyond simply hiring more people of color or conducting diversity trainings to ensuring that BIPOC women are more fully included in their roles within universities as faculty, administrators, staff and students.
Gray Clouds Over Ivory Towers
Authors: Fussell-Ware Dashawna J.
Published: September 2021

Black, first-generation doctoral students can be classified as those who belong to the African diaspora and come from families with parents who do not have bachelor’s degrees. Data shows that over half of Black doctoral degree recipients, across all fields, have first-generation status, and literature has shown that these students experience several challenges during their doctoral journey that their peers do not. This paper details six of these challenges for Black, first-generation research doctoral students in social work programs. These challenges result in educational disparities disfavoring these students, and, as such, social workers are compelled by our Code of Ethics to work against these forms of social injustice. This conceptual discussion uses Critical Race Theory and Social Capital Theory to explain the continued existence of these challenges, followed by recommendations that social work educators, academic institutions, and educational organizations can use to improve conditions for Black, first-generation social work research doctoral students across the country. If social work educators take this critical issue, its associated challenges, and the proposed recommendations seriously, they can begin to create safe and actively anti-racist and anti-classist academic environments that are conducive to the success of this student population.
Political Advocacy Without a Choice
Authors: Shepherd Donisha , Pritzker Suzanne
Published: September 2021

From social work’s early days, African American social workers were engaged in what today is termed as political social work, yet their work is often overlooked in both social work education and the broader retelling of our profession’s history. This article examines the early history of African American political social work, using Lane and Pritzker’s (2018) five domains of political social work. We outline ways in which African American social workers’ lived experiences led them to engage in political social work to support community survival and to challenge injustice during the Black Migration period post-slavery, the Jim Crow Era, and the Civil Rights Movement. Even as broader structural dynamics sought to exclude African Americans from the political arena, dynamic and influential African American social workers laid the groundwork for modern political social work. They politically engaged their communities, lobbied for legislation, worked in the highest levels of government, supported campaigns, and ran and held elective office to ensure that civil rights were given and maintained. This manuscript calls for a shift from social work’s white-dominant historical narrative and curricula (Bell, 2014; DeLoach McCutcheon, 2019) to assertive discussion of the historic roles African American political social work pioneers played in furthering political empowerment and challenging social injustice.
Decentering Whiteness in Social Work Curriculum
Authors: Odera Stephanie , Wagaman M. Alex , Staton Ashley , Kemmerer Aaron
Published: September 2021

The social work profession has historically been dominated by the presence and perspectives of whiteness. The centering of whiteness in social work education is reflected in course offerings, course content, assignment construction, and inherent racialized assumptions about who clients and social workers will be in practice spaces. Critical race theory (CRT) and liberation theory provide a framework for considering how to make visible the ways in which white supremacy is embedded in social work education, and to identify strategies for disrupting its presence by decentering whiteness. The purpose of this project is to foster critical thought about ways to dismantle racism and white supremacy in social work educational spaces. Using the reflexive methodology of collaborative autoethnography, the four authors - two course instructors and two students - with varying racial identities and positionalities, reflected on the experiences of coming to, being in, and transitioning out of the course. Areas of convergence and divergence in the autoethnographic reflections revealed strategies such as embracing vulnerability, promoting authentic relationships, and normalizing emotional as well as cognitive engagement for decentering whiteness in social work education. Implications and recommendations for social work educators and students committed to engaging in anti-racist practice are also discussed
Woke Disrupter
Authors: Donohue-Dioh Jessica , Wilson Jacqueline , Leota Stephani-Nicole
Published: September 2021

This article examines one of the most dangerous personifications of white supremacy, the Woke Vigilante - the “liberal do-gooder” and the social work profession’s role in their creation. White supremacy is frequently named to identify overt racism and discrimination by hate groups, ultra conservatives and increasingly throughout the government. There is another breed of white supremacy which lies beneath the surface and believes itself to be an ally, this is the Woke Vigilante. Unexamined social work education provides the right ingredients with the moral authority to turn white social workers into Woke Vigilantes. This conceptual article highlights the ways in which social work education currently addresses competencies of diversity and difference, as well as social justice. The authors then present a persuasive argument for white academic social workers to alter course and promote teaching and practice skills which incorporate social justice skills at all levels of practice, in other words social justice meta-practice skills. The danger of white supremacy when it is disguised as the Woke Vigilante may be best captured by Malcolm X when he spoke of the white liberals who disguise themselves as friends to the Black man only as a means to benefit their own self-interest without genuinely asking or listening to that which the Black community actually wants (X, 1963). Social work is all too familiar with the white liberal and must consider this a call to action, as well as a forewarning against further perpetuation of white hegemonic societal structures giving license to white do-gooders eager to go into Black communities and effect change. Authors present a resolve for white social workers to adopt the role of the Woke Disrupter.
Is There A Place For Us? Social Workers of Color As Outside Agitators Within the Profession
Authors: Rangel Michael
Published: September 2021

The outside agitator narrative has been used to discredit and harm people of color for decades. Currently, it is being used as a forceful tactic to separate the movement for Black lives from the broader narrative that racism is deeply rooted in American social structures, institutions, and everyday life. This article examines the implications of how the profession of social work has similarly and simultaneously maintained a culture of white supremacy and racist ideologies in our work. As outsiders in a predominantly white profession, social workers of color act as outside agitators when dispelling myths and practices used in and for communities of color. By centering the lived experiences and knowledge of social workers of color, all social workers can increase their awareness of racism within our profession and work together to dismantle the culture of racism and white supremacy that persists within social work.
Faculty as a Barrier to Dismantling Racism in Social Work Education
Authors: Perez Ebony N.
Published: September 2021

Facilitating learning around race and racism is often uncomfortable for faculty as well as students. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the experiences of undergraduate social work educators who teach about race and racism in social work programs. I employed a qualitative case study design to understand the lived experience of undergraduate social work educators who teach race specific content. I employed a combination of purposive sampling and snowballing methods to identify nine participants from the Southeast region of the United States. Utilizing a Critical Race Theory (CRT) framework to analyze interviews, several key findings emerged revealing faculty as barriers to facilitating learning around anti-racist content in the classroom. These findings were a) their own racial identity; b) insufficient formal preparation around race and racism; c) lack of faculty comfort with anti-racist content; and d) lack of skill in teaching anti-racist content. Recommendations include the implementation of scaffolded antiracist content throughout social work curricula that would be required by the Council on Social Work Education as part of the accreditation process.
‘The Mirage of Action’
Authors: Aguilar Jemel P. , Counselman-Carpenter Elisabeth
Published: September 2021

This autoethnographic study highlights complex strategies for maintaining white supremacy used by “well-intentioned” heterocentric white female social workers that are enacted under the guise of practicing anti-racism in social work practice settings, classroom environments, policy initiatives, and advocacy work. Using autoethnography was both unplanned and deliberate. Unplanned, we needed a research method that allows us to explore the untouchable subject of heterocentric white female social workers and deliberate in that we could use our experiences to break ground and establish white supremacy among heterocentric white female social workers that espouse anti-racist values as an area of study. We draw on education, anthropology, sociology, and other disciplines to name some of the ongoing challenges to dismantling racism, colonialist, and reformer narratives in social work, and identify strategies used by all white folx, but particularly heterocentric white female social workers to neutralize the suggestion or accusation of their acts as racism. We name three challenges to dismantling racism among heterocentric white female social workers: hiding behind the data, anti-racist book clubs, and crying and comfort. We conclude with further questions for those who hold power in the field and a reflection upon our own continued intersecting struggles with these concepts.
Disrupting the Pedagogy of Hypocrisy
Authors: Hipple Erin , Reid Lauren , Williams Shanna , Gomez Judelysse , Peyton Clare , Wolcott Jack
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the ways that four educators experience the impacts of white supremacy in classroom spaces. We discuss the ways we navigate the tension created when we desire to foster antiracist spaces but are required to work within an academic system that is underpinned by white supremacy. Using tenets of Griot storytelling, we describe our points of origin, provide narrative examples of student interactions, and detail the reflexive lenses through which we processed these interactions. Our narratives specifically seek to center Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) and discuss the ways that our training and education has limited our ability to support them in academic spaces. We conclude with an invitation for the reader to sit with us in this space of tension, and some reflexive questions to consider as we exist in this space together. We hope to offer this as a way to continue dismantling the internalizations of supremacy. We also offer this as an opportunity to move away from the problem-solving mentality often applied to issues of racism in favor of fostering a continued, collective healing from the wounds created for all of us by white supremacist systems.
Moving From Multiculturalism to Critical Race Theory Within a School of Social Work
Authors: Polk Saanà A. , Vazquez Nicole , Kim Mimi E. , Green Yolanda R.
Published: September 2021

The continued presence of racism and white supremacy has risen to a crisis level as today’s global pandemic, police abuse targeting Black, Indigenous and other people of color (BIPOC) communities, and mass urban uprisings rock the nation. This article presents a case study of a West Coast school of social work that has carried out a five-year systematic campaign to move all levels of the program beyond a multicultural orientation towards critical race theory. This study reveals the results of a self-organized cross-racial committee within a school of social work, motivated by an ambitious goal to implement a racial justice orientation throughout the school’s personnel, practices, policies, and curricula. The committee has been further characterized by its commitment to engage across the power-laden divisions of field faculty, tenure track faculty, and administrative staff. The article offers documented stages of development, narratives from across differences of identity and professional role, and thick descriptions of strategies that led to the adoption and infusion of an intersectional critical race analysis throughout the school’s curricula. The organic development of the campaign and the leveraging of opportunities throughout the campus and across campuses offer important lessons for other schools of social work undergoing transformational change.
Wringing Out the “Whitewash”
Authors: Ortega-Williams Anna , McLane-Davison Denise
Published: September 2021

In the 21st Century context of violent racial divides, dismantling racism in social work education requires deep trust that social transformation and healing is possible. “Wringing out the whitewash” metaphorically captures the heavy labor of interrupting the rigid Eurocentric epistemological hegemony undergirding the pedagogy, research, and praxis canons of social work. It requires rigorous attempts to unsettle and decenter entrenched white supremacist ideology, assumptions, and values. In this labor, we create space for the multiple identities and worldviews that students and professors occupy to reshape educational encounters. In this paper, we present our critical pedagogical approaches as Black social work educators committed to liberation and healing. We articulate how our positionalities as Black cisgender women at urban universities, one a Northeastern Historically Black College and University (HBCU) and another at a Northeastern public university, facilitate our intentions to honor truth-telling and intergenerational interdependence. We present differences and similarities in how we use assignments to disrupt the institutional reproduction of racism, provide solace for repair and healing, and re-center collective identity as strength. We present transdisciplinary frameworks shaping our pedagogical choices, namely historical trauma and urban womanist social work pedagogy. Implications for the future of social work education will be discussed.
Dismantling White Supremacy in Social Work Education
Authors: Yearwood Charla , Barbera Rosemary A. , Fisher Amy K. , Hostetter Carol
Published: September 2021

We are excited to share this special edition of Advances in Social Work with you. When we distributed a call for abstracts, we were inundated – in a good way – with proposals. The need for social workers to discuss the role that white supremacy occupies within our history, education, and practice was obvious. Because of the number of abstracts received, we made the decision to publish a double edition so that the important information contained in these articles can be widely shared. The submissions fell into three general themes--historical, instructional, and institutional examinations. Each set of articles offers much for us to reflect and act upon moving forward. There is a reckoning happening and we are thrilled that this special edition is part of that reckoning.
In all, we hope that this special issue will help advance our conversations in social work education around white supremacy and how it influences our practice, research, and education. Recognizing that our Code of Ethics calls us to “pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups”, we believe it is important for social work as a profession to consistently evaluate its own institutions for ways we can practice what we preach. As social work educators, we have the ethical and moral responsibility to learn, grow, and challenge ourselves. We can do better. We must do better.
Peripheral neuropathy in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: L Joshua , Kuotsu Medo M. , Konyak Nyamnyei , Singh Ksh Birendra , Singh N. Biplab , Mog Labresai , Kath Senjele , Thono Japheth
Published: September 2021

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological complication in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is defined as the presence of neuropathic symptoms and at least an abnormal perception of vibrations of a 128 Hz tuning fork on the great toe or abnormal ankle reflexes or both. Brief peripheral neuropathy screening (BPNS) tool is employed in identifying HIV-SN based on a directed symptom questionnaire and limited clinical examination. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and drug regimens related to peripheral neuropathy in people living with HIV and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) so as to help improve the care for those on ART. The objective was to study the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in people living with HIV and AIDS on ART using AIDS clinical trials group validated BPNS tools.Methods: Cross-sectional study on 198 HIV-seropositive cases aged above 18 years on ART attending centre of excellence (CoE) ART centre, RIMS Imphal. The presence of peripheral neuropathy was examined by using a BPNS among the participants.Results: Peripheral neuropathy was found in 46 (23.2%) out of 198 participants using BPNS. In this study a positive association between the duration of treatment with ART and use of protease inhibitor regimes with the development of peripheral neuropathy was significant.Conclusions: Peripheral neuropathy in patient with HIV and AIDS on ART had significant association with duration of treatment with ART and use of protease inhibitor combination in the ART regime.
An uncommon presentation of a common disease: a case of tertiary syphilis
Authors: Bhat Manjari , Hamza Ashique , S. Subin , Kumar K. G. Sajeeth
Published: September 2021

Thoracic aortic aneurysm is one of the late and uncommon presentations of syphilis. If the aneurysm is large it causes symptoms suggesting mass effect. Syphilis being a common disease worldwide has recently re-emerged. Early syphilis if left untreated can lead to a significant morbidity. We reported a case of 44 years old man who was incidentally detected to have syphilitic thoracic aortic aneurysm with features of SVC compression.
Contamination in COVID-19 sample - the elaboration between medical and legal impact
Authors: Firmansyah Yohanes , . Ernawati , Gosal Darren , Haryanto Imam , . Hendsun
Published: September 2021

The impact of COVID-19 is enormous on various aspects of human life around the world, especially in the health system. The gold standard used to detect COVID-19 is nucleic acid amplification-based molecular testing. The fact in the field showed that this testing is prone to contamination, leading to misinterpretation and diagnosis. This error has the potential to have further legal implications. This study was a case report using a juridical-normative approach from various primary and secondary sources. A 26-year-old man has tested positive for COVID-19. After further investigation, it was found that there was a diagnosis error due to the contamination of the testing sample in the laboratory where the sample was examined. The contamination that occurs is not only the fault of health workers but is a series of impacts from problems in hospital regulations, the government, and the community's components. This incident affects legal responsibility for health workers and medical consequences on the community. COVID-19 infection is not only closely related to medical problems but also closely related to social and legal issues. Whoever, especially health workers, will receive legal and social impacts other than hospitals, the government and the community from this incident.
Maximizing treatment benefits in type 2 diabetes by affordable oral anti diabetes agents in India
Authors: Das Ashok K. , Krishnakumar B. , P. Ajish T. , Sheohare Raka , Chittawar Sachin
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic with number of cases rising exponentially with each decade. What makes it more concerning is its association with numerous complications like cardiovascular diseases, end-stage renal disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy. In India, the management of this disease mainly involves out‑of‑pocket expense and contributes to catastrophic health expenditure and distress financing. Thus, the need of the hour is to make oral anti diabetes agents (OADs) affordable and accessible so that maximum number of patients can avail treatment benefits in diabetes care. This review article focuses on the currently available low cost OADs such as sulfonylureas, metformin, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors explaining their efficacy and safety from recent clinical evidence and those going off patent and becoming much affordable in their generic form. This information will help family physicians make rational choices for their type 2 DM (T2DM) patients.
ECOARQUEOLOGIA DOS NÃO-HUMANOS NO ENGENHO DO MURUTUCU: UM ENSAIO SOBRE A FAUNA E FLORA DA AMAZÔNIA COLONIAL
Authors: Costa Diogo Menezes
Published: September 2021

O tempo, o espaço, e a materialidade do sítio ecoarqueológico histórico e patrimônio nacional Engenho do Murutucu – Belém – PA, são interpretados como palcos de um ensaio filosófico sobre a fauna e flora da Amazônia colonial e pós. Partindo de um possível diálogo entre o Perspectivismo Ameríndio e a Teoria Ator-Rede, propõe-se aqui uma ecoarqueologia formada pelos não-humanos, passados e presentes, do e no sítio ecoarqueológico. Onde espectros como o naturalismo ético e a especiação alopatrica, emergem em ressonância com imensos coletivos formados por quase-objetos, quase-sujeitos e híbridos actantes, com forma e função não simétricas para com os bens culturais e naturais.
Odstraszanie militarne oraz odporność strategiczna państw w rejonie północno-wschodniej flanki NATO
Authors: Śliwa Zdzisław
Published: September 2021

The threats to European security have become the subject of discussions and actions taken by states and NATO because of using military forces Russia’s to change state borders after 2008. In response to the new situation, deterrence, building national and strategic resilience to military and non-military threats have gained importance again. It was especially true regarding NATO’s eastern flank as being directly threatened by the possibility of hybrid and potentially military engagements. The article aims to present the implementation of deterrence and strategic resilience concepts, especially concerning the activities of NATO and the Baltic countries. A preliminary assessment shows that the arrangements are adequate but require further actions and investments. The article was developed utilizing qualitative methods of analysis, synthesis and case study referring to the theory and practice of the deliberated issues.
Adenoid Ameloblastoma with Dentinoid
Authors: Sachdev Sanpreet S , Chettiankandy Tabita J , Sardar Manisha A , Adhane Yogita , Shah Aakruti M , Grace Alphonsa E
Published: September 2021

Ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors are the most common odontogenic neoplasms. However, hybrid variant of the two lesions, Adenoid Ameloblastoma with dentinoid is extremely rare. The lesion comprises of characteristic histopathological features of Ameloblastoma and Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and also shares certain clinical characteristics with either of the entities. Adenoid Ameloblastoma with dentinoid may be considered at the more aggressive end of spectrum of benign odontogenic neoplasms. Owing to the frequent tendency of lesion to be underdiagnosed, careful histopathological screening of submitted biopsies is warranted. With the increase in number of reported cases in the recent years, it is likely to be included as a separate entity in the upcoming WHO classification. The present systematic review aims at collectively presenting the demographic, clinical, radiographic and histopathological features, treatment performed along with its outcome for all the cases of Adenoid Ameloblastoma with dentinoid reported in scientific literature till date.

Keywords: Hybrid Odontogenic Tumor; Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor; Adenoameloblastoma; dentinoameloblastoma; Immunohistochemistry
The Impact of Traffic Law Enforcement Regulations on the Incidence and Severity of Maxillofacial Injuries
Authors: Albakri Abdullah , Al-Hashmi Ahmed , Bakathir Abdulaziz , Al Hashmi Shikhan , Al Rashdi Said , Al Hasani Khamis , Al Ismaily Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the new traffic law enforcement regulations (TLERs) on the incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in Oman, as road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the main cause of facial injuries in Oman. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal analytic study was conducted at three tertiary care hospitals in Muscat, Oman. All patients with RTA-related maxillofacial injuries during a five-year period from January 2005 to December 2009 (before the new TLERs) and the five-year period from January 2015 to December 2019 (after the new TLERs) were included in the study. Results: A total of 1,127 patients were included in the study. Of these, 646 (57.3%) patients sustained RTA-related maxillofacial injuries before the implementation of the new TLERs compared to 481 (42.7%) after the introduction of TLERs. No significant gender-based difference was found between the two study periods. The incidence of injury before the implementation of the new TLERs was 22.7 per 100,000 population, which then reduced significantly to 11 per 100,000 after the TLERs were implemented. Overall, the mean facial injury severity score reduced significantly, from 3.2 to 2.3, after the implementation of the new TLERs. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the newly introduced TLERs have resulted in a reduction in the incidence and severity of RTA-related maxillofacial injuries. Continuous improvement and reinforcement of TLERs will further help reduce the burden of these injuries to society in general and health services in particular.Keywords: Law Enforcement; Traffic Accidents; Maxillofacial Injuries; Injury Severity Score; Oman.
The Findings of Pulmonary Nocardiosis on Chest High Resolution Computed Tomography
Authors: Al Umairi Rashid S , Pandak Nenad , Al Busaidi Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Pulmonary nocardiosis is a rare opportunistic infection that is often encountered in immunocompromised patients, in particular those with the HIV infection and in solid organ transplant recipients. As the number of immunocompromised patients increase, the number of patients with pulmonary nocardiosis is also expected to increase. This study aimed to analyse both the chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of patients with confirmed pulmonary nocardiosis and review the imaging features of pulmonary nocardiosis in the literature. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, to identify patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary nocardiosis between January 2006 and January 2019. Accordingly, nine patients with pulmonary nocardiosis were identified, but three patients were excluded as no chest HRCT images were available. Patient clinical presentation was recorded and chest HRCT images were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of six patients were enrolled in this study. All were male and with a mean age of 41 ± 11 years. Three patients were immunocompromised, two of whom had undergone a renal transplant. The main HRCT findings were cavitary nodules/masses, non-cavitary nodules/masses, septal thickening, centrilobular nodules, ground glass opacities, consolidation, pleural effusion, pleural thickening, enlarged lymph nodes and necrotic lymph nodes. Conclusion: Pulmonary nocardiosis shows various findings in a chest CT, the most common of which are pulmonary nodules and masses. Awareness of these findings can help radiologists with a diagnosis in the appropriate clinical settings.
Keywords: Pulmonary Nocardiosis; Computed Tomography; Oman.
Aphallia Associated with Anorectal Malformation
Authors: Blachman-Braun Ruben , Galvez Cinthia , Guevara Christian , Quintanilla Raquel , Alam Alireza
Published: September 2021

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Application of the Methodology of Six Sigma in Public Health Institution
Authors: Mitreva Elizabeta , Kirovski Filip
Published: September 2021

New world trends in product quality assurance and processes in companies around the world are based on quality control in all processes (basic and logistics). Quality control is in all processes: receiving requests from clients, implementation of required services, issuing final results, maintenance of instruments, procurement, providing quality and trained staff, and commercial service. Health care institutions in Republic of North Macedonia has got old models of management. By accepting the new world philosophies, the healthcare institutions are oriented towards a different quality system, transformation of the organizational structure, patient involvement, monitoring the key processes, implementing data management tools and team work. The TQM (Total Quality Management) system in a healthcare institution is based on the main principles of this philosophy: sanitary standardization, full commitment of patients, involvement of all employees in the organization and teamwork, continuous improvement and implement of six sigma methodology. The aim of the research is to implement and apply the six-sigma methodology as a tool for improving business processes in the Public Health Institution. With proactive application of the methodology six sigma in the department of clinical microbiology were determinedbusiness processes, potential operational errors, statistical processing of the obtained data and finding a solution for the identified defects in business processes. The research conducted in the Department of Clinical Microbiology showed that with the practical application of the 6-sigma methodology, excellent improvements were obtained in all business processes by: involving more employees, correction the time for delivery of materials to admission department, and complete training for employees.
Actualidad institucional y económica de España en el marco de la Unión Europea (Junio 2021)
Authors: Iñarritu Beatriz
Published: September 2021

Sumario: I. Introducción — II. El estado de la Integración — III. Cuestiones generales de la actualidad económica
Dose-dependent effect of recombinant CHH-B1 on osmoregulatory capacity and Na+/K+-ATPase expression in bilaterally eyestalk-ablated shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Ponce-Rivas Elizabeth , Camacho-Jiménez Laura , Diaz Fernando , Sánchez-Castrejón Edna , Montiel-Arzate Ariana
Published: September 2021

Osmoregulation in crustaceans is under neuroendocrine control by the crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHHs), which modify water and ion concentrations in diverse species. Previous studies done by our group suggested that CHH variant B1 (CHH-B1) has effects on the osmoregulatory responses of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. For a better understanding of the molecular action mechanisms of CHH-B1 in osmoregulation, in this work, we established the dose-dependent effect of recombinant CHH-B1 on the gene expression of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in gills, in contrast to changes in the osmoregulatory capacity (OC) of bilaterally eyestalk-ablated shrimp under hyper-osmotic conditions. The results indicate that CHH-B1 regulates the OC of shrimp during hypo-regulation by modulating Na+/K+-ATPase at a transcriptional level. Our results suggest that CHH has a direct participation in the control of osmo-ionic regulation mechanisms, not only in L. vannamei but in crustaceans in general.
A prática do desenho como instrumento de análise das obras de arte
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Valle Arthur Gomes
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no II Encontro de História da Arte.
Casa de Portinari, lugar de memória
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista ", Vaz Thaís de Fátima ,   Júlio de Mesquita Filho"
Published: September 2021

O pintor Cândido Portinari (1903-1962) possui uma conhecida e vasta produção artística, onde utilizou-se dos mais diferentes conteúdos e formas de pintura, que variaram de acordo com seus objetivos, o público e o local onde a obra figuraria. Tornada Museu no ano de 1969, a casa da família do artista em Brodowski (SP) possui um acervo artístico bastante significativo, na medida em que as obras ali presentes constituem-se nas primeiras experiências em afresco e em pintura mural realizadas por Portinari, além de abrirem caminho para seu desenvolvimento dentro da pintura sacra. Buscaremos verificar aqui a posição ocupada por essas obras dentro da trajetória artística de Portinari, assim como estas vieram a fazer da casa da família do artista em Brodowski um lugar de memória, deixado como legado pelo artista à sua cidade natal.
As bienais nacionais 1970-76
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Zago Renata Cristina de Oliveira Maia
Published: September 2021

No início de setembro de 2005 iniciei a organização da documentação histórica das Bienais de São Paulo realizadas nos anos 1970, em especial da XI Bienal Internacional de São Paulo (1971) no Arquivo Histórico Wanda Svevo da Fundação Bienal de São Paulo. Para realizar este trabalho de maneira consistente e consciente foi preciso levantar além do material relativo a XI Bienal – catálogos da própria exposição, dados disponíveis no banco de dados daquela Fundação –, catálogos de outros eventos, como as Bienais Nacionais, a I Bienal Internacional do Livro (1970) e os Anais do Simpósio de Ciências e Humanismo (realizado em 1969, mas com a publicação datada de 1971); bem como realizar uma recorrente pesquisa ao Dossiê Ciccillo Matarazzo (fundo histórico em que se encontram documentos, fotografias e objetos pessoais do fundador da Bienal e do Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo), e ao acervo de livros e catálogos da Fundação Bienal. Após a etapa inicial do trabalho, ou seja, a higienização, a primeira leitura e identificação dos documentos, constatou-se que uma parte das informações pertencia à I Bienal Nacional, chamada Pré-Bienal 1970. Verificou-se então, que a função da mostra foi selecionar a representação brasileira da XI Bienal Internacional de São Paulo. Esse fato despertou meu interesse quanto ao caráter e a relevância destas mostras e sua projeção em âmbito nacional. Assim, além de iniciar a organização da documentação histórica pertencente a este certame (XI Bienal), iniciei uma pesquisa sobre as bienais nacionais.
Iniquidades e promoção pública de ambientes alimentares saudáveis na cidade de Curitiba, Brasil
Authors: Paula Natália Ferreira de , Paula Nilson Maciel de , Bueno Roberto Eduardo
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a distribuição espacial dos equipamentos de disponibilidade de frutas e hortaliças (FH) no município de Curitiba à luz do princípio da equidade, tendo por base pesquisa ecológica nas 10 regionais do município. Para tanto foram considerados o perfil econômico, a densidade de equipamentos públicos que comercializam FH e a correlação desses indicadores com o estado nutricional de adultos residentes na área estudada. Os resultados das análises revelam que as regionais mais pobres apresentaram maior prevalência de adultos acima do peso e menor densidade de equipamentos públicos que comercializam FH. Portanto, há uma negligência ao princípio da equidade, tendo em vista o comportamento mercadológico na distribuição dos equipamentos públicos beneficiando em maior proporção aqueles já privilegiados pelo sistema alimentar neoliberal.
The childbirth rituals of the Yakuts: traditions and modernity
Authors: Yakovleva K.M. , Yakovlev A.I.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to consider the transformation of the maternity rites among the Yakuts from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st centuries. The area under research is the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Eastern Siberia. The main source base was represented by the authors' field materials collected in 2016-2018 in the Verkhnevilyuysky, Churapchinsky, Ust-Aldansky, and Megino-Kangalassky districts. The field studies were conducted using modern and traditional methods of qualitative sociology. The key methods of collecting field ma-terials included modern historical-anthropological methods of inclusive observation, and expert and in-depth inter-viewing of local residents. The stages of the ritual behavior practiced in preparation for conception, pregnancy, dur-ing childbirth, and during the postpartum period, as well as aimed at survival of the newborn, have been identified and clarified. The study of the transformation of the maternity rites shows that in the modern culture of the Yakuts there are only few prohibitions related to the life of the child in the first days after birth, whereas other rituals have faded away due to the development of medicine and the loss of fear, among both women and society as a whole, of infertility or death of the woman in labor or the baby in the process of birth itself.
Finds of ornitomorphic images of the End of the Early Iron Age in the Lower Angara region
Authors: Senotrusova P.O. , Ekkerdt A.A. , Mandryka P.V.
Published: September 2021

The paper concerns the ornithomorphic images found at the Pinchuga VI burial ground. The site is located in the lower course of the river Angara (Middle Siberia). The chronological boundaries of the study span the second quarter of the 1st millennium AD (end of the Early Iron Age). All burials at the burial ground were performed ac-cording to the rite of cremation outside the cemetery. Two intact objects and fragments of the third image of a bird were found at the necropolis. Figures were found in different contexts. One of them was found in the filling of a grave pit, the second item within an assemblage of various articles in the inter-grave space. The third item was broken and lost as the result of illegal excavations. All articles share similar characteristics. These are realistic images of diurnal birds of prey “frozen” in a diving flight; the images are shown en face, with a high-relief head, with the tucked wings and feet pulled up with talons. A geometric decor conveys their feather, and a stylized mask is present on the chest of one item. The images are slightly convex, their front side is polished. The closest analogies to the Angara images of birds are known in Western Siberia, including the Tomsk burial ground, the Kholmogory treasure, the Ishim collection, and materials from the Parabel cult place. All this makes it possible to attribute the analyzed items to the Kholmogory stylistic group of the Kulai cult casting. Products of this group be-came widespread in Western Siberia in the second quarter of the 1st millennium AD. The ornithomorphic images found at the Pinchuga VI cemetery extend the geographical range of the items of this style to the territory of Mid-dle Siberia. Apart from the figurines of birds, the necropolis also yields other items of the Western Siberian cult casting, including disks with concentric ornaments, a hollow image of a fish head, and a bird-head belt applique. Bronze items were imported, and in the course of exchange they were spreading over considerable distances. This proves the existence of established cultural ties between the populations of the Lower Angara region and Western Siberia at the End of the Early Iron Age.
Structural and technical characteristics of the fortification system of the Dikaya Yama hillfort of the Early Iron Age in the Middle Tobol River area
Authors: Berlina S.V. , Tsembalyuk S.I. , Yakimov A.S.
Published: September 2021

The paper reports the results of the studies of the fortification system of the Early Iron Age Dikaya Yama hill-fort situated in the Middle Tobol River region of the Western Siberian forest-steppe zone. The hillfort was built by the population of the Sargatka Culture, and it is dated to the 3rd c. BC — 1st c. AD. The defence lines at the junc-tion of two adjacent fortified platforms have been studied. It has been determined that the earthwork of the first platform was built up from turfen blocks; the presence of traces of postholes suggests that the earthwork was reinforced with a wooden-frame wall — a wattle fence. The ditch between the platforms had a trapezoidal shape with the size of 3.2–4 m of the upper part and 1.2–1.6 m of the lower part. The soil from the ditch was placed into the mound of the rampart of the second platform. The mathematical analysis of the volume of earth making the mound of the rampart allowed establishing its height of 2.0 m. Analysis of the stratigraphy and planigraphy re-vealed the remains of a frame structure set on the rampart. The wattle fence on top of the rampart and the para-pet along it have been reconstructed. Moreover, there have been identified the remains of a frame-and-pillar structure installed into the body of the rampart, which was aimed to strengthen the mound and prevent untimely slipping. A graphic reconstruction of the appearance of the fortifications existed on the studied site has been cre-ated. Carcass fortifications of the wattle fence type, a wall constructed in “zaplot” technique, set on the rampart, have analogies in the Early Iron Age hillforts of the Tobol-Irtysh interfluve: Kolovskoe, Rafailovskoe, Ak-Tau, and Pavlinovo. There existed a tradition of mounting a palisade into a ditch-trench — such structures have been re-corded at the hillforts of Borovushka, Likhachevskoe, Bochanetskoe, Inberen 4 and Rozanovo, Mar'ino Ushchel'ye 4 and Malo-Kazakbaevskoe. The fortification system of the hillfort of Dikaya Yama, which, structurally, is represented by the earthwork ramparts on top of which there were mounted wooden walls in the technique of the wattle fence, is consistent with the traditional scheme of the fortifications of the Early Iron Age population. The question of simultaneous or sequential building of the platforms of the hillfort will be addressed in future work. However, the unified planning solution in organizing forms of the fortification structures implies, in our opinion, preliminary design of the whole settlement and its construction at one time.