bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On “Doing” Loss
Authors: Harpham Wendy S.
Published: August 2022

Seven years after opening my solo practice of internal medicine, a cancer diagnosis yanked me to the other side of the stethoscope. My children were one, three, and five years old. Loss greatly influenced my approach to parenting and to living, especially after ongoing illness forced me to retire from clinical medicine at thirty-nine years old. Had I known from the start the lessons learned over the years, I’d have spared myself a lot of unnecessary struggles. My education on loss continued as I faced cancer recurrences, adjusted to aftereffects and late effects, and supported my sister from the day of her cancer diagnosis to her final breath. As a physician, I’ve prized the insights about healing, especially what loss taught me about living well. Here, I share personal stories that illustrate how I made sense of my losses by categorizing them and how I learned to tap into the power of grief and hope to find happiness. As I now face age-related losses, those lessons and my well-practiced approach are helping me make my life the best it can be.
With This Ring
Authors: Krauter Cheryl
Published: August 2022

I lie on the floor holding the still body of my husband in the early hours before the break of an unimaginable dawn that heralds a life without him. The chaos of the earlier storms of paramedics and firemen rushing through the front door and charging into my family room has passed, leaving me behind. I have no memory of them leaving my home after their frantic, helpless efforts to revive John. The whole scene is taking place like a nightmare; only this is real and I will not awaken, sweating and sighing with the relief that it is only a dream. In this shattering reality, I am gasping for air, my body is shaking, my teeth are rattling. I have fallen into an interior world that is like a dark tunnel without light; I hear the distant sound of myself wailing. The story returns to the present and continues with my experience of the timeless space of grief, loss, and healing. The piece weaves the description of the removal of my husband’s ring with a flashback to the day when the rings were created. The story concludes with the removal of my own wedding ring.
Tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D.
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we review the history, background, and basic definitions of tremor. Humans have been shaking for thousands of years, and tremors are extraordinarily common. Normal or enhanced physiological tremor is observable in the vast majority of individuals in the general population; essential tremor, the most common pathological tremor, in 4–6% of all adults and as many as 20% of older adults; and Parkinson disease in 0.05–0.25% of adults. Aside from being involuntary, tremors are rhythmic (i.e., regularly recurrent) and oscillatory (i.e., rotating around a central plane). Tremor may also be a symptom, a sign, or a core feature of a diagnosis. Tremor disorders are quite heterogeneous. Greater appreciation of this heterogeneity has fueled recent controversies on how to best classify and name tremors. Research on these disorders is active, and it is hoped that this research will produce greater understanding of underlying etiologies and pathophysiological mechanisms, and, ultimately, be accompanied by a newer nosology and classification.
Orthostatic Tremor
Authors: Bain Peter G.
Published: August 2022

This chapter concerns orthostatic tremor (OT), a form of tremor that characteristically affects the legs during stance. The clinical features of OT are described in detail, including the findings obtained from the history and examination of patients with OT, along with its associations, social consequences and effects on mood, cognitive function, and quality of life. The investigation of patients with OT using blood tests, MR imaging, single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) dopamine transporter imaging, transcranial sonography, and functional imaging are detailed. The processes involved in differentiating the three subtypes of orthostatic tremor, namely primary orthostatic tremor, orthostatic tremor plus, and pseudo-orthostatic tremor, are discussed, along with a scheme for distinguishing these forms of OT from orthostatic myoclonus. The management of OT by simple measures medical therapy, deep brain stimulation, and chronic spinal cord stimulation, are detailed. The advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of OT are reported.
Assessing Tremor
Authors: LeWitt Peter A. , Fasano Alfonso , Espay Alberto J.
Published: August 2022

The clinician’s assessment of tremor begins with an understanding that its diagnosis involves a probabilistic exercise and that physiological and essential tremor are the most common manifestations. Recognizing the different forms of resting, postural, action, and orthostatic tremor require clinical skills that need to be integral to the education of neurologists. Essential tremor, the most common pathological tremor syndrome, is easily diagnosed in its most common contexts but as a probabilistic diagnosis, sometimes requires the exclusion of other disorders that also manifest tremor, including medications and various hyperkinetic neurological disorders. Diagnosing other types of tremor is often an “educated guess” on a probabilistic basis, since the underlying pathology that generates tremor is generally hidden. Tremor assessment can take advantage of several rating scales that have been developed for categorizing the distribution and severity of tremor as well as its impact on experiences of daily life. Gauging the physiological characteristics of tremor has also benefited from technological advances that offer increased precision in measuring tremor and remote monitoring.
Binge eating disorder
Authors: McNaught Elizabeth , Treasure Janet , Pollard Nick
Published: August 2022

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder. This chapter covers the epidemiology of the disease, and biological, psychological, and socio-cultural risk factors for developing BED. Presentation in a range of settings is discussed, clinical features are listed, and taking a history is explained, alongside potential differential diagnoses. Examination and investigations are discussed, and the diagnostic criteria are outlined. Psychological and pharmacological interventions are presented, and surgical treatment is briefly outlined. Complications to BED, comorbidities, and prognosis are all included.
Pica
Authors: McNaught Elizabeth , Treasure Janet , Pollard Nick
Published: August 2022

Pica is an eating disorder characterised by the persistent ingestion of non-nutritive substances which is out of context of the patients age and culture. This chapter covers the epidemiology of the disease, and biological, psychological, and socio-cultural risk factors for developing pica. Presentation and clinical features are listed, and taking a history is explained, alongside potential differential diagnoses. Examination and investigations are discussed, and the diagnostic criteria are outlined. Psychological and potential pharmacological interventions are presented, with the importance of the multidisciplinary team. Complications to pica, comorbidities, and prognosis are all included.
Masculinity, male roles, mental illnesses, and social psychiatry
Authors: Watson Cameron , Poulter Daniel , Ventriglio Antonio , Bhugra Dinesh
Published: August 2022

Male gender and male gender role expectations can be significant in the development of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric morbidity relating to male gender roles and gender-based societal expectations can be further influenced by ethnicity and race, as well as by sexual orientation. Social factors, including poverty, homelessness, and unemployment, can lead to poor self-esteem, which can contribute to distress and vulnerability. When confronted with adverse social circumstances, men tend to hide their emotions. Pathways into care can vary as often men are reluctant to seek help as part of what has been described as ‘toxic masculinity’. Some personality disorders, including dissocial personality, are more commonly reported in men. Rates of alcohol and substance misuse, as well as suicide, are generally higher among men, which may be attributed to externalizing behaviours. The symptoms of psychotic disorders are complex and presentations can differ across the sexes. Gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals are often bullied at school and also show high rates of psychiatric disorders. There must be changes at institutional and clinical care levels to ensure that men do not lose out when seeking help and responding to therapeutic needs.
Psychological first aid
Authors: Lewis Catrin , Bisson Jonathan I.
Published: August 2022

Psychological first aid (PFA) is a framework to address the psychosocial needs of individuals and communities in the acute aftermath of trauma. It is an evidence-informed set of principles that provides immediate support to affected individuals, with the aim of reducing distress, promoting adaptive functioning, enhancing resiliency, and mitigating the negative psychological sequalae of trauma. This chapter aims to introduce PFA and outline the core facets of the approach. The evolution of PFA will be considered alongside a summary of the research findings on which it is based. Widely used PFA frameworks will be described and discussed. Finally, the evidence base for PFA will be explored and recommendations for future research will be presented.
Digital interventions for mental health
Authors: Hariman Keith
Published: August 2022

Digital interventions have been employed in psychiatry since the 1980s, when computerized cognitive behaviour therapy was rolled out. There has been an explosion in technological advances since then, with the development of the internet, smartphones, and social media. Social media, in particular, provides a new platform on which mental health interventions may be given. This chapter will first outline the technological advances over the last 40 years, including the various aspects of artificial intelligence. Specific examples through which technology can enhance our ability to assess and diagnose, monitor, and treat patients with mental health illnesses will then be described. The relevant ethical issues on the use of technology in mental health, especially the concerns over privacy, data algorithms, and fairness will also be discussed. The chapter will conclude with a discussion on the specific roles in the treatment of mental illness artificial intelligence is likely to adopt in the future.
Coercion in community mental health care
Authors: Molodynski Andrew
Published: August 2022

Coercion is increasingly acknowledged as a problem in mental health care internationally. However, there is little sign of real progress in reducing it and mitigating its effects upon people subject to it. This chapter defines and explains coercion before describing different methods of measuring coercion. Different forms of coercion are then discussed with a clinical case example. Finally, the chapter discusses sources of coercion and their variation internationally before describing some possible ways in which we may reduce its use.
Mental health in Latin America
Authors: Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio
Published: August 2022

A long era of the military dictatorship in many countries in Latin America ended around the 1980s with emerging hopes of independence and a more egalitarian society, and new philosophies appeared in different industries. Campaigns to close asylums were launched in many countries. Unsurprisingly, there is considerable degree of friction between those who favour community-oriented mental health systems and those who do not. In addition, there is a huge treatment gap for mental and addiction disorders in the region, and the area has reacted unevenly to the challenge in the face of a growing burden of illness related to mental illnesses and addiction disorders. In general, the levels of policy interventions have improved during the period. Regarding diagnostic assessment, the region follows the rest of the world but with the addition of the Revised Version of the Latin American Guide of Psychiatric Diagnosis (GLADP-VR), which has emerged as a new innovative diagnostic tool. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela are responsible for almost all mental health studies in Latin American countries. Some current challenges are highlighted in this chapter. The minimum number of psychiatric beds need to be identified in national policies. Anti-stigma interventions should be developed and delivered in culturally appropriate way.
Orbit
Authors: Ting Michelle , Than Jonathan
Published: August 2022

This chapter focuses on the orbit. It starts off with an outline of orbital anatomy, including the orbital blood supply and neve supply. It continues by describing history taking for orbital disease, and examination of the orbit. It then goes on to describe orbital infections, including preseptal cellulitis, orbital (postseptal) cellulitis, and mucormycosis. Next, it discusses orbital inflammatory disease, including idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease, orbital myositis, Tolosa–Hunt syndrome, dacryoadenitis, and vasculitis. In addition, the chapter discusses vascular malformations, tumours, and thyroid eye disease. The chapter concludes with a discussion of orbital fractures and trauma, and orbital surgery.
The Impact of Deployment and Combat Exposure on Physical Health Among Military Personnel: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Prevalence, and Risks
Authors: Teplova Alina E , Bakker Heilwine A H M , Perry Sander I B , van Etten-Jamaludin Faridi S , Plat Marie-Christine J , Bekkers Margaretha B M
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The impact of deployment and combat on mental health of military personnel is well described. Less evidence is available to demonstrate and summarize the incidence, prevalence, and risks of these exposures on physical health. This study aims to (1) systematically review the available literature to determine the incidence and prevalence of physical health conditions among military personnel during and after deployment and (2) investigate the risks of deployment and combat exposure on physical health.

Methods

A systematic review using the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed. The literature search was limited to articles written in English, published from 2000 through 2019. The quality of studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Appraisal Checklist. The results were grouped per system or condition of physical health and presented by forest plots without a combined effect size estimate.

Results

Thirty-two studies were found eligible for this review. We identified a wide variety of incidence and prevalence rates of numerous physical health conditions and a high heterogeneity across the included studies. Acute respiratory symptoms, diarrhea, musculoskeletal injuries, pain, and tinnitus were found to be the most incident or prevalent conditions. Except for hearing loss, no associations with deployment and physical health problems were observed. An increased risk for asthma, headache, hearing loss, and pain was reported in relation to the combat exposure.

Conclusion

Given the characteristics of included studies and extracted data, the magnitude of the found differences in incidence and prevalence rates is most likely to be due to methodological heterogeneity. The specific exposures (e.g., infrastructure, environmental conditions, and activities during deployment) are suggested to be the determinants of (post) deployment physical health problems and need to be addressed to decrease the impact of deployment. Findings from this systematic review highlight which conditions should be addressed in response to service members’ health and wellness needs in the (post)deployment phase and may be used by clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers. However, knowledge gaps regarding the potential risk factors during deployment and combat still exist. Studies using consistent methods to define and measure the physical health conditions and specific exposures are needed.
The Genetic Echo of the Tarim Mummies in Modern Central Asians
Authors: Dai Shan-Shan , Sulaiman Xierzhatijiang , Isakova Jainagul , Xu Wei-Fang , Abdulloevich Najmudinov Tojiddin , Afanasevna Manilova Elena , Ibrohimovich Khudoidodov Behruz , Chen Xi , Yang Wei-Kang , Wang Ming-Shan , Shen Quan-Kuan , Yang Xing-Yan , Yao Yong-Gang , Aldashev Almaz A , Saidov Abdusattor , Chen Wei , Cheng Lu-Feng , Peng Min-Sheng , Zhang Ya-Ping
Published: August 2022

The diversity of Central Asians has been shaped by multiple migrations and cultural diffusion. Although ancient DNA studies have revealed the demographic changes of the Central Asian since the Bronze Age, the contribution of the ancient populations to the modern Central Asian remains opaque. Herein, we performed high-coverage sequencing of 131 whole genomes of Indo-European-speaking Tajik and Turkic-speaking Kyrgyz populations to explore their genomic diversity and admixture history. By integrating the ancient DNA data, we revealed more details of the origins and admixture history of Central Asians. We found that the major ancestry of present-day Tajik populations can be traced back to the admixture of the Bronze Age Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex and Andronovo-related populations. Highland Tajik populations further received additional gene flow from the Tarim mummies, an isolated ancient North Eurasian–related population. The West Eurasian ancestry of Kyrgyz is mainly derived from Historical Era populations in Xinjiang of China. Furthermore, the recent admixture signals detected in both Tajik and Kyrgyz are ascribed to the expansions of Eastern Steppe nomadic pastoralists during the Historical Era.
STRONG STAYGREEN inhibits DNA binding of PvNAP transcription factors during leaf senescence in switchgrass
Authors: Xie Zheni , Yu Guohui , Lei Shanshan , Wang Hui , Xu Bin
Published: August 2022

Fine tuning the progression of leaf senescence is important for plant fitness in nature, while the “staygreen” phenotype with delayed leaf senescence has been considered a valuable agronomic trait in crop genetic improvement. In this study, a switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) CCCH-type Zinc finger gene, Strong Staygreen (PvSSG), was characterized as a suppressor of leaf senescence as overexpression or suppression of the gene led to delayed or accelerated leaf senescence, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis marked that chlorophyll (Chl) catabolic pathway genes were involved in the PvSSG-regulated leaf senescence. PvSSG was identified as a nucleus-localized protein with no transcriptional activity. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified its interacting proteins, including a pair of paralogous transcription factors, PvNAP1/2 (NAC-LIKE, ACTIVATED BY AP3/PI). Overexpression of PvNAPs led to precocious leaf senescence at least partially by directly targeting and transactivating Chl catabolic genes to promote Chl degradation. PvSSG, through protein–protein interaction, repressed the DNA-binding efficiency of PvNAPs and alleviated its transactivating effect on downstream genes, thereby functioning as a “brake” in the progression of leaf senescence. Moreover, overexpression of PvSSG resulted in up to 47% higher biomass yield and improved biomass feedstock quality, reiterating the importance of leaf senescence regulation in the genetic improvement of switchgrass and other feedstock crops.
Physical activity assessment with wearable devices in rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ocagli Honoria , Agarinis Roberto , Azzolina Danila , Zabotti Alen , Treppo Elena , Francavilla Andrea , Bartolotta Patrizia , Todino Federica , Binutti Marco , Gregori Dario , Quartuccio Luca
Published: August 2022

Objectives

In the management of rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs), regular physical activity (PA) is an important recognized non-pharmacological intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate how the use of wearable devices (WDs) impacts physical activity in patients with noninflammatory and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Methods

A comprehensive search of articles was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus. A random-effect meta-analysis was carried out on the number of steps and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Univariable meta-regression models were computed to assess the possibility that the study characteristics may act as modifiers on the final meta-analysis estimate.

Results

In the analysis, 51 articles were included, with a total of 7488 participants. Twenty-two studies considered MVPA outcome alone, 16 studies considered the number of steps alone, and 13 studies reported information on both outcomes. The recommended PA threshold was reached for MVPA (36.35, 95% CI 29.39, 43.31) but not for daily steps (–1092.60, –1640.42 to –544.77). Studies on patients with fibromyalgia report a higher number (6290, 5198.65–7381.62) of daily steps compared with other RMDs. Patients affected by chronic inflammatory arthropathies seemed to fare better in terms of daily steps than the other categories. Patients of younger age reported a higher overall level of PA than elderly individuals for both the number of steps and MVPA.

Conclusion

Physical activity can be lower than the recommended threshold in patients with RMDs when objectively measured using WD. WDs could be a useful and affordable instrument for daily monitoring physical activity in RMDs and may support an increase in activity levels.

PROSPERO trial registration

CRD42021227681, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=227681.
Standardized nailfold capillaroscopy in children with rheumatic diseases: a worldwide study
Authors: Melsens Karin , Cutolo Maurizio , Schonenberg-Meinema Dieneke , Foeldvari Ivan , Leone Maria C , Mostmans Yora , Badot Valérie , Cimaz Rolando , Dehoorne Joke , Deschepper Ellen , Frech Tracy , Hernandez-Zapata Johanna , Ingegnoli Francesca , Khan Archana , Krasowska Dorota , Lehmann Hartwig , Makol Ashima , Mesa-Navas Miguel A , Michalska-Jakubus Malgorzata , Müller-Ladner Ulf , Nuño-Nuño Laura , Overbury Rebecca , Pizzorni Carmen , Radic Mislav , Ramadoss Divya , Ravelli Angelo , Rosina Silvia , Udaondo Clara , van den Berg Merlijn J , Herrick Ariane L , Sulli Alberto , Smith Vanessa ,   for the EULAR Study Group on Microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases, Deroo Liselotte , Vanhaecke Amber , Bergkamp Sandy , Nassar-Sheikh-Rashid Amara , Elisa Patrone , Hermann Walter , Bica Francesco , Cattelan Francesco , Gattinara Maurizio , Özcan Zeynep , Murias Sara , Alcobendas Rosa , Remesal Augustin , Pimpale Pallavi , Khubchandani Raju
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To standardly assess and describe nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) assessment in children and adolescents with juvenile rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (jRMD) vs healthy controls (HCs).

Material and methods

In consecutive jRMD children and matched HCs from 13 centres worldwide, 16 NVC images per patient were acquired locally and read centrally per international consensus standard evaluation of the EULAR Study Group on Microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases. A total of 95 patients with JIA, 22 with JDM, 20 with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE), 13 with juvenile SSc (jSSc), 21 with localized scleroderma (lSc), 18 with MCTD and 20 with primary RP (PRP) were included. NVC differences between juvenile subgroups and HCs were calculated through multivariable regression analysis.

Results

A total of 6474 images were assessed from 413 subjects (mean age 12.1 years, 70.9% female). The quantitative NVC characteristics were significantly lower or higher in the following subgroups compared with HCs: for density: lower in jSSc, JDM, MCTD, cSLE and lSc; for dilations: higher in jSSc, MCTD and JDM; for abnormal shapes: higher in JDM and MCTD; for haemorrhages: higher in jSSc, MCTD, JDM and cSLE. The qualitative NVC assessment of JIA, lSc and PRP did not differ from HCs, whereas the cSLE and jSSc, MCTD, JDM and cSLE subgroups showed more non-specific and scleroderma patterns, respectively.

Conclusions

This analysis resulted from a pioneering registry of NVC in jRMD. The NVC assessment in jRMD differed significantly from HCs. Future prospective follow-up will further elucidate the role of NVC in jRMD.
Cortical thickness and hippocampal volume in adolescent children with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Lee Min-Hee , Sin Sanghun , Lee Seonjoo , Wagshul Mark E , Zimmerman Molly E , Arens Raanan
Published: August 2022

Study Objectives

Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation due to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may contribute to oxidative tissue damage and apoptotic neuronal cell death, inflammation, and intracellular edema in the brain. We examined whether OSA in overweight and obese adolescent children is associated with cortical thickness and hippocampal structure compared to overweight and obese controls and whether OSA severity is associated with measures of brain integrity.

Methods

We calculated cortical thickness and hippocampal subfield volumes from T1-weighted images of 45 controls (age 15.43 ± 1.73 years, 21 male) and 53 adolescent children with OSA (age 15.26 ± 1.63 years, 32 male) to investigate the association of childhood OSA with the alteration of cortical structure and hippocampal subfield structural changes. In addition, we investigated the correlation between OSA severity and cortical thickness or hippocampal subfield volume using Pearson’s correlation analysis.

Results

We found cortical thinning in the right superior parietal area of adolescent children with OSA (cluster size 32.29 mm2, cluster-wise corrected p-value = .030) that was negatively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (R=−0.27, p-value = .009) and arousal index (R=−0.25, p-value = .014). In addition, the volume of the right subiculum-head area of the hippocampus of adolescent children with OSA was larger than controls (0.19 ± 0.02 ml vs. 0.18 ± 0.02 ml, β = 13.79, false discovery rate corrected p-value = .044), and it was positively correlated with AHI (R = 0.23, p-value = .026) and arousal index (R = 0.31, p-value = .002).

Conclusions

Our findings provide evidence for OSA-associated brain structure alterations in adolescent children prior to the onset of treatment that likely have important implications for timely intervention and continued monitoring of health outcomes.
A comprehensive evaluation of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea in US military personnel
Authors: Mysliwiec Vincent , Brock Matthew S , Pruiksma Kristi E , Straud Casey L , Taylor Daniel J , Hansen Shana , Foster Shannon N , Mithani Sara , Zwetzig Sarah , Gerwell Kelsi , Young-McCaughan Stacey , Powell Tyler , Blue Star John A , Cassidy Daniel G , Mintz Jim , Peterson Alan L
Published: August 2022

Study Objectives

The aim of this study was to characterize the sleep disorders of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA) in active duty military personnel.

Methods

Prospective observational study of 309 military personnel with a mean age of 37.17 years (SD = 7.27). Participants served in four branches of the U.S. military (47.9% Air Force, 38.8% Army, 11.3% Navy, and 1.9% Marines). Sleep diagnoses were rendered after video-polysomnography and a clinical evaluation. Validated self-report measures assessed insomnia severity, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, disruptive nocturnal behaviors, nightmare disorder, shift work disorder (SWD), sleep impairment, fatigue, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, anxiety, depression, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). General linear models and Pearson chi-square tests were used for between-group differences in data analyses.

Results

Insomnia was diagnosed in 32.7%, OSA in 30.4% and COMISA in 36.9%. Compared to military personnel with OSA alone, those with insomnia only and COMISA had significantly greater insomnia severity, disruptive nocturnal behaviors, sleep-related impairment, rates of nightmare disorder, and poorer sleep quality (all Ps < .05). They also reported greater symptoms of fatigue, PTSD, anxiety, and depression (all Ps < .05). There were no significant differences among the three sleep disorder diagnostic groups on sleepiness, SWD, or TBI.

Conclusions

Military personnel with insomnia only and COMISA overall report worsened symptoms of sleep disorders, sleep-related impairment, fatigue, and psychiatric disorders than those with OSA. Results highlight the importance of a comprehensive assessment for sleep-related impairment, sleep, and comorbid disorders in military personnel with clinically significant sleep disturbances.
A Matter of Time: The Life Course Implications of Deferred Action for Undocumented Latin American Immigrants in the United States
Authors: García Angela S , Diaz-Strong Daysi X , Rodriguez Rodriguez Yunuen
Published: August 2022

Scholars have long demonstrated that the state monopolizes time and imposes waiting, with disproportional impacts for marginalized groups relative to other political subjects. Extending this literature with a life course framework, we analyze how receipt of legal relief in different periods of life shapes the impacts of policy provisions. We draw on the case of undocumented Latin American immigrants targeted by executive immigration actions (DACA and DAPA), designed to extend temporary access to employment, protection from deportation, and the ability to exit and legally re-enter the United States. Through a comparative analysis of interviews (N = 82) across three age cohorts—coming of age, young adult, and middle age—we find the impact of these state-extended benefits differentially concentrates in the domains of schooling, employment, and family. The paper contributes an analysis of state power through a life course framework, deepening understanding of undocumented immigrants’ experiences of state-controlled time, waiting, and “illegality.”
Comparing net returns in the feedlot: Bos Taurus vs. Bos Indicus influenced steers with varying anabolic implant intensity
Authors: Feuz Ryan , Reichhardt Caleb C , Larsen Ryan , Thornton Kara J , Garcia Mathew D
Published: August 2022

There are two main beef cattle breed types: Bos Taurus (BT) and Bos Indicus (BI). Past research has demonstrated various expected differences in growth, temperament, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics between these breed types when administered varying levels of anabolic implant. However, little is known about the differences in expected economic returns between these cattle types. The objective of this research is to simulate and compare the expected net returns of BT, Angus (AN) steers and BI influenced, Santa Gertrudis (SG) steers, with moderate or high intensity levels of implants relative to a control with no implant. The animal performance and carcass data for this economic analysis was provided from a recent feeding experiment of AN and SG influenced steers. In the experiment, sixty steers were stratified by weight and breed in a 2 × 3 factorial design examining the two different breeds: AN (N = 38) or SG influenced (N = 22), and three implant strategies: no implant (N = 20), a moderate intensity implant protocol (d0 implant: Revalor-G, d56 implant: Revalor-IS, d112 implant: Revalor-S; n=20), or a high intensity implant protocol (d0 implant: Revalor-IS, d56 implant: Revalor-S, d112 implant: Revalor-200; N = 20). The steers performance and carcass data were used together with publicly available price and input costs data in the simulation of net returns per animal for each of the treatment groups. Results demonstrated that both moderate and high intensity implanted BT steers have higher expected net return (US$78.70/hd. and US$75.84/hd., respectively) compared to BI moderate and high intensity implanted steers (US$47.03/hd. and $6.98/hd., respectively). Stochastic efficiency analysis with respect to a function demonstrated when certainty equivalent values are constrained to those ≥US$0, only the moderate implanted BT steers would be included in the efficient set.
Effects of including Sweet Bran or modified distillers grains in the diet of feedlot steers and sorting at terminal implant on growth performance, feeding behavior, and liver abscess occurrence
Authors: Heiderscheit Katie J , Beenken Aubree M , Deters Erin L , Hochmuth Katherine G , Jackson Trey D , Messersmith Elizabeth M , VanDerWal Allison J , VanValin Katherine R , Peschel Joshua M , Hansen Stephanie L
Published: August 2022

The objectives were to assess the effects of dietary Sweet Bran (Cargill Corn Milling, Blair, NE) on performance and feeding behavior of feedlot steers and determine if terminal implant pen sorting affects performance, feeding behavior, and liver abscess (LA) rate. Two hundred sixteen Angus-cross steers (253 ± 18 kg) were stratified by body weight (BW) to 36 pens. From d 0 to 60, diets contained 40% Sweet Bran (SWBR) or 25% modified distiller’s grains and 15% dry rolled corn (MOD; n = 18 pens/treatment). On d 60, steers began transition within treatments to finishing diets containing 25% Sweet Bran or 25% modified distiller’s grains (MDGS). On d 111, half of the pens for each dietary treatment were re-stratified by BW to pens (SORT) while the other half were returned to original pens (NOSORT; n = 9 pens/treatment). Steer BW and pen dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded monthly. Rate of feed disappearance was determined on d 5/6, 53/54, 104/105, and 117/118. Pen was the experimental unit for all analyses. The model included the fixed effect of diet for all pre-sort analyses; post-sort analyses included the fixed effects of diet, sort, and the interaction and the random effects of pen and the interaction of diet and pen. On d 60, SWBR had greater BW than MOD (P = 0.05), and SWBR had a greater average daily gain (ADG) from d 0 to 60 (P = 0.05). Though there were no differences after d 28, SWBR had greater DMI d 0 to 28 (P = 0.05). From d 60 to 88, SWBR tended to have lesser ADG than MOD (P = 0.09). Post-sort (d 111 to 196), SWBR tended to have lesser ADG than MOD (P = 0.06), and SORT had a greater rate of feed disappearance than NOSORT (d 117/118; P = 0.01); there were no differences on other dates (Diet: P ≥ 0.38). For final BW, there was a tendency for MOD to be greater than SWBR, and SORT tended to be greater than NOSORT (Diet: P = 0.06; Sort: P = 0.10). Pre- and post-sort ruminal pH had no treatment by day differences (P ≥ 0.77). LA incidence averaged 25%, though rate was not affected by diet, sorting, or the interaction (P ≥ 0.16). Overall, there were no dietary differences in feed disappearance rates, though SORT steers had greater rate of feed disappearance than NOSORT steers on d 117/118. Nominal differences in feeding behavior were noted and including Sweet Bran in the diet was beneficial in the growing period as cattle adjusted to the feedlot.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Middleton Hayden , Strelow Brittany
Published: August 2022

Salivary gland tumors are rare, accounting for 6% to 8% of head and neck tumors. Detecting them in primary care is important so that adequate treatment can be provided. This case report describes a 58-year-old woman whose unilateral pulsatile tinnitus and ear fullness led to the diagnosis of a salivary gland tumor, specifically a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.
Addressing Food Insecurity
Authors: Breit Susan , Ortelli Tracy A.
Published: August 2022

Resources for nurses, patients, and families.
Air Pollution Exposure Increases Risk of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: August 2022

According to this study:

Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of certain autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and connective tissue diseases.
Intimate Partner Violence Strongly Associated with Suicide, Self-Harm
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: August 2022

According to this study:

Intimate partner violence is more prevalent than previously believed and is strongly associated with suicidality and self-harm.

Interventions to reduce intimate partner violence could also reduce suicide.
Penicillin allergies
Authors: Wrynn Alexander F.
Published: August 2022

Antibiotics are frequently reported as allergies by patients, particularly antibiotics from the penicillin family. Most of these reported allergies are benign, and the consequences of alternative therapies can be significant. This article will deliver background information on penicillin allergies and serve as a guide to penicillin allergy management.
Nurse-led implementation of awake prone positioning
Authors: Brockman Amber , Carmel Rebekah L. , Buchko Barbara L.
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the pathophysiology of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the evidence supporting the use of awake prone positioning (APP) for adult patients with COVID-19 ARDS cared for in acute care medical units, and a quality improvement initiative to support a standardized APP process on a COVID-19 medical unit
“Informal Caregiver” in Nursing
Authors: Castro Aimee R. , Arnaert Antonia , Moffatt Karyn , Kildea John , Bitzas Vasiliki , Tsimicalis Argerie
Published: August 2022

The informal caregiver experience has surged as a research topic in health care, including in nursing. However, the “informal” language is controversial, lacking conceptual clarity. Without a common understanding of who an “informal caregiver” may be, nurses may fail to consistently identify informal caregivers requiring support. Therefore, a concept analysis of “informal caregiver” was conducted on the basis of a sample of 20% of relevant nursing literature. The analysis of the attributes, antecedents, consequences, and contexts associated with “informal caregiver” offers a foundational guide for the ongoing development of nurses' understanding of the informal caregiver role.
An Evolutionary Concept Analysis of Palliative Care in Oncology Care
Authors: Akoo Chaman , McMillan Kim
Published: August 2022

This evolutionary concept analysis reports on the concept of palliative care in oncology. Despite its relevance to oncology, the concept of palliative care remains misunderstood, resulting in erroneous interpretations by nurses and health care providers alike. Consequently, integration of palliative care remains heterogeneous and highly contextual. Findings highlight the complexity and ambiguity of the concept of palliative care in the context of oncology care. The nuances and complexity of when to integrate palliative care for patients living with cancer, as well as its evolution from its origins in the hospice movement, have led to its ambiguity in clinical practice.
Management of C0 Sacral Fractures Based on the AO Spine Sacral Injury Classification
Authors: Lambrechts Mark J. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Conaway William , Kothari Parth , Paziuk Taylor , Karamian Brian A. , Canseco Jose A. , Oner Cumhur , Kandziora Frank , Bransford Richard , Vialle Emiliano , El-Sharkawi Mohammad , Schnake Klaus , Vaccaro Alexander R.
Published: August 2022

The Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthese fragen Spine Sacral Injury Classification hierarchically separates fractures based on their injury severity with A-type fractures representing less severe injuries and C-type fractures representing the most severe fracture types. C0 fractures represent moderately severe injuries and have historically been referred to as nondisplaced “U-type” fractures. Injury management of these fractures can be controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to first discuss the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthese fragen Spine Sacral Injury Classification System and describe the different fracture types and classification modifiers, with particular emphasis on C0 fracture types. The narrative review will then focus on the epidemiology and etiology of C0 fractures with subsequent discussion focused on the clinical presentation for patients with these injuries. Next, we will describe the imaging findings associated with these injuries and discuss the injury management of these injuries with particular emphasis on operative management. Finally, we will outline the outcomes and complications that can be expected during the treatment of these injuries.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTIFICATION OF INTRARETINAL CYSTOID SPACES ASSOCIATED WITH FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE
Authors: Tsuboi Kotaro , Guo Yukun , Wang Jie , White Elizabeth , Mershon Sam , Kamei Motohiro , Huang David , Jia Yali , Hwang Thomas S. , Bailey Steven T.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate intraretinal cystoid spaces in patients with idiopathic macular hole (MH).

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with full-thickness MH who underwent successful MH surgery and 12 months of follow-up. Custom software was applied to preoperative optical coherence tomography scans to generate fluid volume. Inner fluid volume was defined as cystoid spaces in the inner nuclear layer, and outer fluid volume was defined as cystoid spaces in Henle fiber layer of the outer nuclear layer.

Results:

Thirty-nine eyes from 39 participants were included. Postoperative 12-month visual acuity correlated with both inner fluid volume and minimum MH size (both P < 0.05) but not outer fluid volume. Inner fluid volume positively correlated with minimum MH size (P = 0.0003). After accounting for minimum MH size with multivariable analysis, inner fluid volume effect on VA remained significant (P = 0.025). After dividing inner fluid volume into tertiles, mean baseline visual acuity was 20/50 in eyes with small inner fluid volume, and was 20/125 in eyes with large inner fluid volume (P = 0.0039). Mean postoperative 12-month visual acuity was 20/20 in eyes with small inner fluid volume compared with 20/32 in eyes with large inner fluid volume (P = 0.019).

Conclusion:

Increased inner fluid volume was associated with worse postoperative VA.
A MIDDLE-AGED PATIENT WITH BILATERAL VISION LOSS AND NYCTALOPIA
Authors: Romero-Morales Veronica A. , Peiris Timothy J. , Somisetty Swathi , Santina Ahmad , Lu Anthony , Sarraf David
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To report a case of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy in a patient with a diagnosis of Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome.

Methods:

Case report. Main outcome measures included findings on retinal examination and analysis of fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and full-field electroretinogram. Vitamin A levels and results of antiretinal antibody testing and paraneoplastic workup are also presented.

Results:

A 47-year-old male presented with a 1-year history of bilateral vision loss and nyctalopia. Past medical history was significant for Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, confirmed by positive voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies, and thymectomy reported as thymic follicular hyperplasia. Optical coherence tomography showed bilateral diffuse outer retinal atrophy and ellipsoid zone loss. Fundus autofluorescence displayed a bull's pattern of hyperautofluorescence around each fovea. Full-field electroretinogram showed an extinguished rod response and a severely depressed cone response in each eye.

Conclusion:

We describe a case of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy in a patient with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Multimodal retinal imaging and electroretinogram confirmed the presence of autoimmune retinopathy with severe rod–cone degeneration. The association of this myasthenic syndrome with AIR is novel.
Macular atrophy following macular hole surgery assisted by Membrane Blue-Dual: A case series.
Authors: Anjou Mickael , Rothschild Pierre-Raphael , Bernabei Federico , Azan Frederic , Brezin Antoine P. , Lehmann Mathieu
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and multimodal imaging findings in patients with macular atrophy following macular hole surgery assisted by Membrane Blue Dual.

Method:

This study is a monocenter, retrospective, observational case series that included patients who presented macular atrophy following macular hole surgery.

Results:

Among the patients included in this study, four were operated for idiopathic macular hole and one for total retinal detachment associated with macular hole. In all patients the internal limiting membrane was brittle and adherent and multiple stains were required. One month postoperatively all patients showed a reduced visual acuity excepted the patient with total retinal detachment. At fundus examination all patients showed patchy atrophy with a mottled hypo- and hyperpigmented appearance in the macular region. Optical coherence tomography scans demonstrated a closed macular hole with retinal thinning, disruption of the external retinal layers and irregular retinal pigment epithelium thickening. Fundus autofluorescence showed a well-defined area of both hypo- and hyper-autofluorescence involving the macular area.

Conclusions:

Macular atrophy following Membrane Blue Dual assisted internal limiting membrane peeling represents a severe complication that vitreoretinal surgeons should be aware of and that should be taken into account in preoperative evaluation and surgical procedure planning. In order to reduce the risk of this complication, we recommend to ensure the best conditions of visibility, to reduce as much as possible the intensity and the distance of the endoillumination from the retina, and to use as little dye as possible.
ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY AT THE SITE OF A RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM APERTURE
Authors: Abramowicz Stéphane , Pasteels Brigitte , Postelmans Laurence
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To describe an atypical case of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with acute exacerbation consisting of severe exudation at the site of a retinal pigment epithelium aperture.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

A 39-year-old man presented with a recurrence of central serous chorioretinopathy in the right eye. Initial evaluation was notable for a retinal pigment epithelium aperture overlying a chronic avascular pigment epithelial detachment. He was initially treated with topical dorzolamide and indomethacin. During the follow-up, application of topical dermal steroid for a case of athlete's foot led to severe fibrinous exudation originating from the site of the retinal pigment epithelium aperture. Half-fluence verteporfin photodynamic therapy induced rapid and complete resolution of the retinal findings.

Conclusion:

Photodynamic therapy allowed for excellent resolution of an atypical exudative and fibrinous form of central serous chorioretinopathy associated with a retinal pigment epithelium aperture.