bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(In)alienabilidade em nomes compostos em Apurinã (Aruák)
Authors: Freitas Marília Fernanda Pereira de , Facundes Sidney da Silva
Published: January 2021

Discute-se o status dos nomes compostos em Apurinã, quanto à possibilidade de ocorrerem em construções de posse (in)alienável, a partir de dados coletados usando estímulos contextuais até então não utilizados. Os dados coletados por meio do uso desses estímulos contextuais revelaram que se fazem necessárias revisões e ampliações na análise dos padrões de marcação de (in)alienabilidade em nomes compostos em Apurinã anteriormente proposta por Facundes (2000), segundo o qual esses padrões não se aplicariam aos compostos. Freitas (2017) parte das definições de Haspelmath (2008) e Stassen (2009) e define (in)alienabilidade em Apurinã tanto com base na marcação morfológica dos nomes, quanto na sua frequência de ocorrência em textos; nomes inalienáveis têm a posse como parte constitutiva de seus significados, ocorrem mais frequentemente possuídos em textos e são não marcados em construções de posse; dentre os inalienáveis, há i) inalienáveis que podem ter sua posse obrigatória “suspensa” pelo acréscimo do sufixo -txi, a exemplo de ny-tikaku (1SG-barriga.de) ‘minha barriga’/ tikaku-txi (barriga.de-N.POSSD) ‘barriga (não se sabe de quem)’; e ii) inalienáveis que não ocorrem com -txi, por exigirem um possuidor, a exemplo de n-yry (1SG-pai.de) ‘meu pai’, mas não *yry-txi (pai, não se sabe de quem)’. Já os nomes alienáveis ocorrem mais frequentemente não possuídos em textos, sendo marcados em construções de posse pelos sufixos -te, -ne, -re1 e -re2, lexicalmente condicionados, a exemplo de ny-xamynaky-te (1SG-espingarda-POSSD)/ xamynaky ‘espingarda’. Os resultados da análise permitiram concluir que, ao mesmo tempo em que os padrões de marcação de (in)alienabilidade aplicam-se aos nomes compostos produtivos, eles também indicam que os nomes compostos produtivos marcados como (in)alienáveis são usados em contextos mais específicos e menos frequentes no cotidiano, ou em neologismos, e que, portanto, eles não se comportam pragmaticamente como os nomes (in)alienáveis mais prototípicos em Apurinã.
What kind of sanitation should be applied to remove Brettanomyces bruxellensis biofilms?
Authors: Deluchat Manon , Lhomme Claire , Degueurce Claudine , Serpaggi Virginie , Lacroix Romain , Lebleux Manon , Weidmann Stéphanie , Rousseaux Sandrine
Published: January 2021

The capacity for five Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains to form biofilm on stainless steel was confirmed, and the sanitation of these biofilms was tested using a solution of lactic acid and a reference method (a solution of foaming caustic soda and peroxide at 5 %). Different responses were observed depending on the strain: lactic acid solution induced a slight reduction in cell population, while the reference method resulted in the elimination of the adhered cells for three strains, but generated VBNC states for two others. The effects of sanitation on the biofilm formed is strain-dependent.
Cosmological Constant as a Finite Temperature Effect
Authors: park inyong
Published: January 2021

The cosmological constant problem is examined by taking an Einstein--scalar with a Higgs-type potential and scrutinizing the infrared structure induced by finite temperature effects. A variant optimal perturbation theory is implemented in the recently proposed quantum-gravitational framework. The optimized renormalized mass, i.e., the renormalized mass determined by the variant optimal perturbation theory, of the scalar field turns out to be on the order of the temperature. This shifts the cosmological constant problem to compatibility of the consequent perturbative analysis. The compatibility is guaranteed essentially by renormalization group invariance of physical quantities. We point out the resummation behind the invariance.
Alimentary Allergy and Ultrasonography: Facts and Fantasies
Authors: Minella Raffaele , Tozzi Arturo , Carlomagno Francesco , Iasevoli Salvatore , Rossi Eugenio , Minelli Rocco
Published: January 2021

The internationals guidelines about food intolerances, allergy and immunity provide for rigorous steps in which ultrasonography is not provided. However there is evidence in literature about an ancillar role of ultrasonography in these conditions. In this report we analyze the main pathologies with allergic or immune pathogenesis
Scope of Whole Genome Duplication in Forages: A Plant Breeder Perspective
Authors: Rauf Saeed , Ortiz Rodomiro , Malinowski Dariusz , Clarindo Wellington , Kainat Wardah , Shehzad Muhammad , Waheed Ummara , Hassan Syed Wasim
Published: January 2021

Polyploidy is a condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes. Polyploid plants may be artificially obtained through chemical, physical and biological methods (2n gametes). It is considered an interesting approach due to increased genescope and expression, thus resulting in phenotypic changes, such as yield and product quality. Nonetheless, breeding new cultivars through induced polyploidy should overcome deleterious effects partly contributed by genome and epigenome instability after polyploidization. Furthermore, shortening the time required from early chromosome set doubling to the final selection of high yielding superior polyploids is a must. Despite these hurdles, plant breeders have successfully obtained polyploid bred-germplasm in broad range of forages from optimized application methods, concentration and time mainly using colchicine. These experimental polyploids proved to be a valuable tool for understanding gene expression that is driven by dosage dependent gene expression, altered gene regulation and epigenetic changes. Isozymes and DNA-based markers aided on the identification of rare alleles for particular loci when compared with diploids, which may explain their heterozygosity, phenotypic plasticity and adaptability to diverse environments. It has also been observed that experimentally induced polyploid germplasm could enhance fresh herbage yield and quality, e.g. leaf protein content, leaf total soluble solids, water soluble carbohydrates and sucrose content. Offspring of experimentally obtained hybrids underwent selection for several generations to improve their performance and stability.
Virtual Diagnostic Suite for Electron Beam Prediction and Control at FACET-II
Authors: Emma Claudio , Edelen Auralee , Hanuk Adi , O'Shea Brendan , Scheinker Alexander
Published: January 2021

We discuss the implementation of a suite of virtual diagnostics at the FACET-II facility currently under commissioning at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The diagnostics will be used for prediction of the longitudinal phase space along the linac, spectral reconstruction of the bunch profile and non-destructive inference of transverse beam quality (emittance) using edge radiation at the injector dogleg and bunch compressor locations. These measurements will be folded in to adaptive feedbacks and ML-based reinforcement learning controls to improve the stability and optimize the performance of the machine for different experimental configurations. In this paper we describe each of these diagnostics with expected measurement results based on simulation data and discuss progress towards implementation in regular operations.
Estimating Warship Depot Maintenance Durations
Authors: Williams Christopher
Published: January 2021

U.S. Navy Surface Ship depot-level maintenance periods of performance were studied to develop a method for predicting maintenance durations. The need for the method has been highlighted by Navy leadership in recent media posts describing unacceptable maintenance delays and this research provides practitioners and decisionmakers with a reliable estimating tool. This study helps by putting forth a method that defines the rate of work accomplishment based on relevant variables. Using ordinary least squares models, this research revealed that the size of the contract obligation and the amount of shipyard work occurring simultaneously in the market are key variables in determining depot maintenance durations. With the knowledge found here, the next logical step is an optimization model for each U.S. Navy surface ship homeport.
Informal Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Perceive Additional Burden: Findings From an Ad-hoc Survey in Germany
Authors: Budnick Andrea , Hering Christian , Eggert Simon , Teubner Christian , Suhr Ralf , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Gellert Paul
Published: January 2021

Background: While the relation between care involvement of informal caregivers and caregiver burden is well-known, the additional burden of informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been investigated.Methods: A total of 1,000 informal caregivers, recruited offline, participated in a cross-sectional online survey from April 21 to May 2, 2020. Questionnaires were used to assess COVID-19-specific changes in the care situation, negative feelings in the care situation, problems with implementation of COVID-19 measures, concerns/excessive demands, loss of support, change in informal caregivers’ own involvement in care and problems with provision, comprehension & practicability of COVID-19 information, and to relate these issues to five indicators of care involvement (i.e., being the main caregiver, high expenditure of time, high level of care, dementia, no professional help). Binomial and multiple regression analyses were applied.Results: Across indicators of care involvement, 25.5-39.7% reported that the care situation rather or greatly worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for those caring for someone with dementia or those usually relying on professional help. In a multiple regression model, the mean number of involvement indicators met was associated with age (β = .18; CI .10-.25), excessive demands (β = .10, CI .00-.19), problems with implementation of COVID-19 measures (β = .11, CI .04-.19), an increase in caregiving by the informal caregivers themselves (β = .14, CI .03-.24) as well as with no change in the amount of caregiving (β = .18, CI .07-.29) and loss of support (β = -.08, CI -.16-.00). No significant associations with the mean number of involvement indicators met were found for gender, educational level, change in the care situation, negative feelings, and provision, comprehension & practicability of COVID-19 information.Conclusion: Those caregivers who perceived extensive care burden were those who suffered most during the pandemic, calling for structural support by the healthcare system now and in the future.Trial registration: This article does not report the results of a health care intervention on human participants.
Epidemiological Features of Hypertension Among Ischemic Survivors in Northeast China: Insights From A Population-Based Study, 2017-2019
Authors: Jing Li , Tian Yuanmeng , Ren Guocheng , Zhang Limin , Shi Lei , Dai Dong , Xing Liying , Liu Shuang
Published: January 2021

Background Hypertension remains the major modifiable risk factor of stroke recurrence. The study aimed to determine the up-to-date epidemiological features of hypertension among the survivors of ischemic stroke.Methods Our cross-sectional study included 18,796 adults aged ≥ 40 years and residing in northeast China. Ischemic stroke was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization’s criteria. Hypertension was defined according to the Chinese hypertension guidelines.Results Of the 986 survivors of ischemic stroke, 819 (83.1%) were diagnosed with hypertension. Among hypertensive patients, the awareness, treatment and control rates were 76.8%, 66.7% and 7.3% respectively. Only 11.0% achieved an appropriate blood pressure among those who took hypertensive medications. 16.1% of treated hypertensive patients received combination therapy, and calcium channel blockers were the most frequently used anti-hypertensive medication as monotherapy. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the stroke population was 155.3 ± 22.9 mm Hg and 89.2 ± 12.3 mm Hg. Both SBP and DBP were higher in rural patients than in urban patients (158.5 ± 23.8 mm Hg vs. 146.4 ± 17.5 mm Hg and 90.3 ± 12.9 mm Hg vs. 85.9 ± 10.1 mm Hg, respectively; p < 0.001). The rates of stage 2 and above hypertension in the ischemic stroke population were 32.5% and 18.7%, and was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas.Conclusions The prevalence of poorly-controlled hypertension and the high rates of blood pressures at stages 2 and above in patients with prior ischemic stroke demonstrated an alarming situation in northeast China.
High-Performance Computing Framework Based on Distributed Systems for Large-Scale Neurophysiological Data
Authors: Hadianpour Mohsen , Rezayat Ehsan , Dehaqani Mohammad-Reza
Published: January 2021

Due to the significantly drastic progress and improvement in neurophysiological recording technologies, neuroscientists have faced various complexities dealing with unstructured large-scale neural data. In the neuroscience community, these complexities could create serious bottlenecks in storing, sharing, and processing neural datasets. In this article, we developed a distributed high-performance computing (HPC) framework called `Big neuronal data framework' (BNDF), to overcome these complexities. BNDF is based on open-source big data frameworks, Hadoop and Spark providing a flexible and scalable structure. We examined BNDF on three different large-scale electrophysiological recording datasets from nonhuman primate’s brains. Our results exhibited faster runtimes with scalability due to the distributed nature of BNDF. We compared BNDF results to a widely used platform like MATLAB in an equitable computational resource. Compared with other similar methods, using BNDF provides more than five times faster performance in spike sorting as a usual neuroscience application.
New-onset postoperative seizures in patients with diffuse gliomas: a risk assessment analysis
Authors: Li Lianwang , Li Guanzhang , Fang Shengyu , Zhang Kenan , Huang Ruoyu , Wang Yinyan , Zhang Chuanbao , Li Yiming , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhong , Jin Qiang , Zhou Dabiao , Fan Xing , Jiang Tao
Published: January 2021

Background

Glioma-related epilepsy (GRE) is the most common presenting sign of patients with diffuse glioma. According to clinical experience, new-onset postoperative seizures can be observed even in patients without preoperative GRE. The current study mainly aimed to explore the risk factors of new-onset postoperative seizures in those patients. In addition, the prognostic value of new-onset postoperative seizures was also discussed.
Methods

Data of 313 patients without GRE were retrospectively reviewed. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were first performed to compare categorical variables between patients with new-onset postoperative seizures and those without. Subsequently, binary logistic regression analysis was conduct to further assess risk factors of new-onset postoperative seizures. Kaplan-Meier and Cox analysis were used to investigate the prognostic value of new-onset postoperative seizures for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results

Patients with low-grade tumors (p = 0.006), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation (p = 0.040) or low Ki-67 expression (p = 0.005) showed a higher incidence of new-onset postoperative seizures. IDH1 mutation was identified as the only independent predictor for new-onset postoperative seizures (OR, 2.075; 95% CI, 1.051–4.098; p = 0.035). Additionally, new-onset postoperative seizure occurrence was demonstrated as an independent predicter of prolonged OS (OR, 0.574; 95% CI, 0.335–0.983; p = 0.043).
Conclusions

IDH1 mutation is an independent predictor for new-onset postoperative seizures in patients without preoperative GRE. Moreover, new-onset postoperative seizures can independently predict prolonged OS in those patients. The results of the current study can contribute to improving the individualized management of diffuse glioma.
Metal Ions Modify in Vitro DNA Damage Yields With High-LET Radiation
Authors: Buglewicz Dylan , Su Cathy , Banks Austin , Strenger-smith Jazmine , Elmegerhi Suad , Kato Takamitsu , Hirakawa Hirokaru , Fujimori Akira
Published: January 2021

Cu2+ and Co2+ are metals known to increase DNA damage in the presence of hydrogen peroxide through a Fenton type reaction. We hypothesized that these metals could increase DNA damage following irradiations of increasing LET values as hydrogen peroxide is a product of the radiolysis of water. The reaction mixtures contain either double- or single-stranded DNA in solution with Cu2+ or Co2+ and was irradiated either with X-ray, carbon-ion or iron-ion beams or was treated with hydrogen peroxide or bleomycin at increasing radiation dosages or chemical concentrations. DNA damage was then assessed by gel electrophoresis followed by band intensity analysis. DNA in solution with metals demonstrated the most DNA damage when treated with hydrogen peroxide followed by irradiation with low-LET (X-Ray), high-LET (carbon-ion and iron-ion), respectively, and demonstrated the least damage with treatment of bleomycin. Cu2+ portrayed greater DNA damage than Co2+ following all experimental conditions. The metals effect caused more DNA damage and was observed to be LET dependent for single-strand break formation but inversely dependent for double-strand break formation. These results suggest that Cu2+ is more efficient than Co2+ at inducing both DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks following all irradiations and chemical treatments.
Robotic Resection of Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour: Preliminary Experience from a Single Centre
Authors: Zhou Zhipeng , Tan Xianglong , Zhao Zhiming , Gao Yuanxing , Song Yuyao , Jia Yuze , Cheng-Gang Li
Published: January 2021

Background: The experience of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumours (DGISTs) is accumulating, but there is no consensus on the choice of surgical method. The purpose of this study is to summarize the technique and feasibility of robotic resection of DGIST.Methods: The demographics and perioperative outcomes of a consecutive series of patients who underwent robotic resection and open resection of DGIST between May 1, 2010 and May 1, 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into an open surgery group and a robotic surgery group. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or limited resection was performed based on the location of the tumour and the distance between the tumour and duodenal papilla. Age, sex, tumour location, tumour size, operation time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative hospital stay (PHS), tumour mitosis, postoperative risk classification, postoperative recurrence and recurrence-free survival were compared between the two groups.Results: Among the 28 patients, there were 19 males and 9 females aged 51.3± 13.1 years. Limited resection was performed in 17 patients, and PD was performed in 11 patients. Eleven patients underwent open surgery, and 17 patients underwent robotic surgery. Two patients in the robotic surgery group underwent conversion to open surgery. All the tumours were R0 resected, and there was no significant difference in age, sex, tumour size, operation mode, PHS, tumour mitosis, incidence of postoperative complications, risk classification, postoperative targeted drug therapy or postoperative recurrence between the two groups (p>0.05). OT and EBL in the robotic group were significantly different from those in the open surgery group (p<0.05). All the patients survived during the follow-up period, and 4 patients had recurrence and metastasis. No significant difference in recurrence-free survival was noted between the open surgery group and the robotic surgery group (p>0.05).Conclusions: Robotic resection is safe and feasible for patients with duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumours, and its therapeutic effect is equivalent to open surgery.
Co-thermal Degradation Characteristics of Rice Straw and Sewage Sludge 
Authors: Ngo Thi Ngoc Lan Thao , Chiang Kung-Yuh
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the kinetic behaviors and gas evolution of rice straw, sewage sludge, and their blends under co-thermal decomposition processes using Thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). The experimental results indicate that sewage sludge could be enhanced the volatile matter decomposition in rice straw co-thermal process at lower temperatures. Activation energy decreases from 53.07 kJ/mol to 48.62 kJ/mol with an increase in sewage sludge addition from 50% to 80% under pyrolysis conditions. The major volatile components were aliphatic chains with double bonds, as well as carbonyl, hydroxyl, and C–H groups in organic compounds by FTIR identification. The tested materials characteristics in terms of volatile matter-to-fixed carbon (VM/FC) ratio was significantly affected the thermal degradation performance. Activation energy was decreased with increasing the VM/FC ratio. It implied that co-thermal reaction could be accelerated. In summary, the results could provide the important information for co-thermal treatment of sewage sludge and rice straw in commercial-scale plant.
Gut microbiome and serum metabolome alterations in isolated dystonia
Authors: Hu Yongfeng , Ma Ling yan , Cheng Min , Liu Bo , Pan Hua , Yang Jian , Feng Tao , Jin Qi
Published: January 2021

Background

Dystonia is a complex neurological movement disorder characterised by involuntary muscle contractions. The relationship between the gut microbiota and isolated dystonia remains poorly explored.
Methods

We collected faeces and blood samples to study the microbiome and the serum metabolome from a cohort of 57 drug-naïve isolated dystonia patients and 27 age- and environment-matched healthy individuals. We first sequenced the V4 regions of the 16S rDNA gene from all faeces samples. Further, we performed metagenomic sequencing of gut microbiome and non-targeted metabolomics profiling of serum from dystonia patients with significant dysbiosis.
Results

Gut microbial β-diversity was significantly different, with a more heterogeneous community structure among dystonia individuals than healthy controls, while no difference in α-diversity was found. Gut microbiota in dystonia patients was enriched with Blautia obeum, Dorea longicatena and Eubacterium hallii, but depleted with Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides plebeius. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that genes related to the citrate cycle, vitamin B6 and glycan metabolism were less abundant in dystonia, while genes linked to purine and tryptophan biosynthesis were more abundant. Serum metabolome analysis revealed altered levels of tyrosine and glutamate. The integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and serum metabolomics identified dystonia-associated gut microbial species linked to changes in serum metabolites, reflecting the effect of the gut microbiome on metabolic activity in isolated dystonia.
Conclusion

This study is the first to reveal gut microbial dysbiosis in dystonia patients. Our findings identified previously unknown links between intestinal microbiota alterations, circulating amino acids and dystonia, providing new insight into the pathogenesis of isolated dystonia.
Fatty Liver is Associated with Low N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide in a Healthy Population: From the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Choi Hyo-In , Lee Mi Yeon , Oh Byeong Kil , Lee Seung Jae , Kang Jeong Gyu , Lee Sung Ho , Lee Jong-Young , Kim Byung Jin , Kim Bum Soo , Kang Jin Ho , Sung Ki Chul
Published: January 2021

BackgroundFatty liver (FL), insulin resistance (IR), and obesity often coexist, but data on the independent impacts of these factors on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in healthy populations are scarce. We therefore examined the impact of FL, IR and obesity on NT-proBNP levels using a large set of cross-sectional data.MethodsThe associations of FL, IR and obesity with NT-proBNP were analyzed in 39,923 healthy adult participants using Kangbuk Samsung Health Study data. IR was estimated using homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. A multivariable regression model that adjusted for factors that influence NT-proBNP was conducted to identify associations between NT-proBNP and FL on abdominal ultrasound. ResultsA total of 11,704 (29.3%) individuals had FL on abdominal ultrasound. FL, IR and obesity showed independent inverse associations with NT-proBNP after multiple adjustments for baseline characteristics. In a multivariable regression model adjusting for IR and obesity, FL was independently associated with lower levels of NT-proBNP (odds ratio 0.864, 0.849 - 0.880). The combination of FL and IR was a powerful dual predictor, lowering NT-proBNP levels approximately 25% in the generally healthy study population.ConclusionIn this large sample of healthy individuals, FL was independently associated with lower NT-proBNP levels. FL and a high HOMA-IR index are a powerful predictor combination for lower NT-proBNP levels. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the association between FL and NT-proBNP.
A Threat Modelling Approach to Analyze and Mitigate Botnet Attacks in Smart Home Use Case
Authors: Abbas Syed Ghazanfar , Zahid Shahzaib , Hussain Faisal , Shah Ghalib A. , Husnain Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Despite the surging development and utilization of IoT devices, the security of IoT devices is still in infancy. The security pitfalls of IoT devices have made it easy for hackers to take over IoT devices and use them for malicious activities like botnet attacks. With the rampant emergence of IoT devices, botnet attacks are surging. The botnet attacks are not only catastrophic for IoT device users but also for the rest of the world. Therefore, there is a crucial need to identify and mitigate the possible threats in IoT devices during the design phase. Threat modelling is a technique that is used to identify the threats in the earlier stages of the system design activity. In this paper, we propose a threat modelling approach to analyze and mitigate the botnet attacks in an IoT smart home use case. The proposed methodology identifies the development-level and application-level threats in smart home use case using STRIDE and VAST threat modelling methods. Moreover, we reticulate the identified threats with botnet attacks. Finally, we propose the mitigation techniques for all identified threats including the botnet threats.
Rhetoric and Global Justice
Authors: Skorupska Julia
Published: January 2021

Activists have long recognized the importance of rhetoric and emotional appeal in building support for the global justice movement. However, many political theorists worry that the use of rhetoric may obstruct clear presentation of the issues at stake, and may result in our policies being determined by where the sympathies of the best rhetoricians lie. In this article I examine the ways in which contemporary theorists try to accommodate the need for rhetoric and emotional appeal, and I argue that their attemptsare unsatisfactory because they view rhetoric as a tool or skill that can be used to manipulate people to support any position. Yet if we question the sharp separation between rhetoric and reason, then the aims of building support for a cause, identifying the causes we ought to support, and treating others with respect need no longer conflict. Re-examining the radical liberal theories of J.S. Mill, L.T. Hobhouse and J.A. Hobson, will help us to see how this separation might be questioned and rhetoric recovered as a respectful and respectable form of argument.
Two Concepts of the Basic Structure, and their Relevance to Global Justice
Authors: Ronzoni Miriam
Published: January 2021

G. A. Cohen argues that John Rawls’s focus on the basic structure of society as the exclusive subject of social justice is misguided. I argue that two understandings of the notion of basic structure seem to be present in the literature, either in implicit or in explicit terms. (1) According to the first, the basic structure is to be equated with a given set of institutions: if they endorse the right principles of justice, the basic structure of society is just; (2) According to the second, a society has a just basic structure if and only if its institutional web manages to realize the relevant principles of justice as well it can. In (2), the institutional structure is not a given: different social circumstances call for different institutional solutions in order to achieve a just basic structure overall. The first part of the paper make a case for (2), and explores some of its normative implications. The second part asks which consequences this understanding may have for the idea of a global basic structure.
The ‘Right to Have Rights’ 65 Years Later: Justice Beyond Humanitarianism, Politics Beyond Sovereignty
Authors: Howard Katherine
Published: January 2021

Readers of Hannah Arendt’s now classic formulation of the statelessness problem in her 1951 book The Origins of Totalitarianism abound at a moment when the number of stateless peoples worldwide continues to rise exponentially. Along with statelessness, few concepts in Arendt scholarship have spawned such a volume of literature, and perhaps none have provoked as much interest outside of the field of philosophy, as ‘the right to have rights.’ Interpreting this enigmatic term exposes the heart of our beliefs about the nature of the political and has important consequences for how we practice politics on a global scale because it implicitly takes plural human beings, and not the citizen, as its subjects. Arendt’s conceptualization of this problem remains unsurpassed in its diagnosis of the political situation of statelessness, as well as its intimate description of the human cost of what she refers to as ‘world loss,’ a phenomenon that the prevailing human rights and global justice discourse does not take into account. And yet, as an alternative framework for thinking about global politics, the right to have rights resists easy interpretation, let alone practical application.
Introduction
Authors: Straehle Christine
Published: January 2021

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The Troubling Modesty of Human Rights
Authors: Lai Theodore
Published: January 2021

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Epistemic Capabilities and Epistemic Injustice: What is the Role of Higher Education in Fostering Epistemic Contributions of Marginalized Knowledge Producers?
Authors: Boni Alejandra , Velasco Diana
Published: January 2021

This paper explores how University as social entity has great potential to confront epistemic injustices by expanding epistemic capabilities. To do this, we primarily follow the contributions of scholars such as Miranda Fricker and José Medina. The epistemic capabilities and epistemic injustice nexus will be explored via two empirical cases: the first one is an experience developed in Lagos (Nigeria) using participatory video; the second is a service learning pedagogical strategy for final year undergraduate students conducted at Universidad de Ibagué (in Colombia). The Lagos experience shows how participatory action-research methodologies could promote epistemic capabilities and functioning, making it possible for the participants to generate interpretive materials to speak of their own realities. However, this experience is too limited to address testimonial and hermeneutical injustice. The Colombian experience is a remarkable experience that is building epistemic capabilities among students and other local participants. However, there is a hermeneutical and structural injustice that tends to give more value to disciplinary and codified knowledge at the expense of experiential and tacit knowledge.
Partisan Complicity in Democratic Backsliding
Authors: Wolkenstein Fabio
Published: January 2021

Recent developments in Hungary and Poland have made democratic backsliding a major issue of concern within the European Union (EU). This article focuses on the secondary agents that facilitate democratic backsliding in Hungary and Poland: the European People’s Party (EPP), which has continually protected the Hungarian Fidesz government from EU sanctions, and the Hungarian ruling party Fidesz, which repeatedly promised to block any EU-level sanctions against Poland in the Council. The article analyses these agents’ behaviour as an instance of transnational complicity and passes a tentative judgment as to which of the two cases is normatively more problematic. The analysis has implications for possible countervailing responses to democratic backsliding within EU member states.
The Implications of Migration Theory for Distributive Justice
Authors: Sager Alex
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the implications of empirical theories of migration for normative accounts of migration and distributive justice. It examines neo-classical economics, world-systems theory, dual labor market theory, and feminist approaches to migration and contends that neo-classical economic theory in isolation provides an inadequate understanding of migration. Other theories provide a fuller account of how national and global economic, political, and social institutions cause and shape migration flows by actively affecting people's opportunity sets in source countries and by admitting people according to social categories such as class and gender. These empirical theories reveal the causal impact of institutions regulating migration and clarify moral obligations frequently overlooked by normative theorists.
Ethical Commitment to Women’s Participation in Transitional Justice
Authors: Porter Elisabeth
Published: January 2021

Ethical issues of justice and human rights are central to countries emerging from conflict. Yet involving women in transitional justice processes rarely is articulated in ethical terms. To make a case for an ethical commitment to improving women’s participation in these processes, the paper begins by exploring why transitional justice strategies should bother with gender. Women and men often experience conflict and injustices differently which may require different responses to redress harms suffered. Timor-Leste is used as a case study. The paper explores whether hybrid traditional and formal justice systems can address women’s justice claims in principle and specifically, when applied to Timor-Leste. The paper maintains that customary justice practices can be combined with conventional ones, but only when both practices adhere to international human rights conventions, which rarely happens where patriarchal practices are entrenched. The conclusion addresses what might be done to create gender-responsive justice systems given that they are crucial in building environments that are conducive to sustainable peace and security.
On the Role of the Political Theorist Regarding Global Injustice
Authors: Flikschuh Katrin , Forst Rainer , Moellendorf Darrel , Beck Valentin , Culp Julian
Published: January 2021

Interview of Katrin Flikschuh, Rainer Forst and Darrel Moellendorf by Valentin Beck and Julian Culp for Global Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric (TPR)
The Politics of Global Poverty – Diverse Perspectives on Measurement
Authors: Lederer Markus , Schapper Andrea
Published: January 2021

Review of: Sudhir Anand, Paul Segal and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds.): Debates on the Measurement of Global Poverty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
Thalliomelane, TIMn7.54+Cu0.52+O16, a new member of the coronadite group from the preglacial oxidation zone at Zalas, southern Poland
Authors: Gołębiowska Bożena , Pieczka Adam , Zubko Maciej , Voegelin Andreas , Göttlicher Jörg , Rzepa Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

Thalliomelane, a new member of the coronadite group (hollandite supergroup), was discovered at Zalas near Kraków in southern Poland (the southern margin of the Kraków-Silesia Monocline) in relics of a preglacial supergene mineralization disseminated in a fault breccia in Middle Jurassic sandy limestone. The mineralization formed at the expense of a sulfide assemblage, which was most likely the source of thallium, related to rejuvenation of Early-Paleozoic fault zones in the Sava phase of the Alpine orogeny. Thalliomelane occurs rarely and exclusively in the form of fibrous and highly porous tiny aggregates <50 µm in size that fill small fractures and voids in the sandy limestone host rock. Microprobe analyses based on 16 O and 8 octahedral cations per formula unit resulted in the mean empirical formula [Tl0.77(10)Ba0.21(3)K0.03(1)Na0.01(0)Pb0.01(0)]Σ1.03(7)[Mn7.15(11)4+Cu0.63(4)2+Co0.08(3)2+Fe0.06(3)3+Ni0.03(1)2+Si0.03(2) Mg0.01(1)]Σ8[O15.67(24)(OH)0.33(24)], corresponding to the formula Tl(Mn7.54+Cu0.52+)O16 for the thalliomelane end-member. The mineral crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I4/m, and has unit-cell parameters a = 9.8664(12), c = 2.8721(4) Å, V = 279.59(8) Å3, Z = 1. The crystal structure of thalliomelane, measured with 3D electron-diffraction, was refined to an R1 index of 23.74%. Thalliomelane has the hollandite-type structure. The Mn4+ cations, substituted by Cu2+ at an amount of ~0.5 apfu, are octahedrally coordinated by oxygen atoms. Four double chains of edge-sharing (Mn,Cu)-O octahedra share corners with each other to form tunnels along the [001] direction. Tl+ cations are located in the tunnels, occupying partially the origin and center of the unit cell. The formation of thalliomelane was most probably connected to the weathering of a sulfide mineral assemblage under semi-arid to arid climate. It resulted in the release of Tl and other components of the mineralization into water under the influence of Cl-, Br-, and I-bearing brines and pore waters from the Carpathian flysch or from sediments of the Carpathian foredeep mobilized by compaction during the Sava phase. Via the interaction of these waters, the primary ores altered mainly into goethite, cuprite, malachite, Mn oxides of the coronadite type, with subordinate Cu sulfates, Pb arsenates, Bi oxy-chlorides, and traces of iodargyrite. This assemblage indicates oxidation at a progressively increasing pH of ~8–10 and Eh of the order of +0.4–0.5 V. In this setting, thalliomelane could have formed from a cryptomelane-type Mn oxide in contact with Tl-bearing aqueous solutions through Tl-for-K exchange over time.
Investigation of measurement invariance of PISA 2015 collaborative problem solving skills: Turkey, Norway and Singapore
Authors: TEKİN Yusuf Taner , ÇOBANOĞLU AKTAN Derya
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to examine measurement invariance of collaborative problem solving skills measured by PISA 2015 Xandar subtest for Singapore, Norway, and Turkey. The research was conducted with 2990 participants’ data obtained from Turkey (1032), Norway (923), and Singapore (1035) on PISA 2015 collaborative problem solving study. In the first part of the study, exploratory factor analysis was performed to obtain the factor structure of the Xandar subtest. Then, the model data fit was checked by confirmatory factor analysis via X2/df (3.127), RMSEA (0.027), CFI (0.987) and TLI (0.979) values. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used in invariance analyses. The findings show that the collaborative problem solving model met only configural invariance across the countries and has not met the metric, scale, and strict invariance stages. The results show that meaningful comparisons cannot be made between the countries, because the factor loadings, variances, error variances, and covariances differ among countries.
Examining the Measurement Invariance of TIMSS 2015 Mathematics Liking Scale through Different Methods
Authors: ERTÜRK Zafer , OYAR Esra
Published: January 2021

Studies aiming to make cross-cultural comparisons first should establish measurement invariance in the groups to be compared because results obtained from such comparisons may be artificial in the event that measurement invariance cannot be established. The purpose of this study is to investigate the measurement invariance of the data obtained from the "Mathematics Liking Scale" in TIMSS 2015through Multiple Group CFA, Multiple Group LCA and Mixed Rasch Model, which are based on different theoretical foundations and to compare the obtained results. To this end, TIMSS 2015 data for students in the USA and Canada, who speak the same language and data for students in the USA and Turkey, who speak different languages, are used. The study is conducted through a descriptive study approach. The study revealed that all measurement invariance levels were established in Multiple Group CFA for the USA-Canada comparison. In Multiple Group LCA, on the other hand, measurement invariance was established up to partial homogeneity. However, it was not established in the Mixed Rasch Model. As for the USA-Turkey comparison, metric invariance was established in Multiple Group CFA whereas in Multiple Group LCA it stopped at the heterogeneity level. Measurement invariance for data failed to be established for the relevant sample in the Mixed Rasch Model. The foregoing findings suggest that methods with different theoretical foundations yield different measurement invariance results. In this regard, when deciding on the method to be used in measurement invariance studies, it is recommended to examine the necessary assumptions and consider the variable structure.
Reforming the education system to prevent labor migration
Authors: Shvindina Hanna , Kotenko Stanislav , Vorontsova Anna , Gordienko Vita , Petrushenko Yuriy , Jha Dipra
Published: January 2021

The world economy is in an unprecedented situation, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the health care crisis. It’s currently difficult to predict all the consequences, but there are undoubtful changes in migration flows, unemployment and poverty increase, and their impact on national economies and globally. The paper aimed at analyzing the cases of educational reforms in different countries, revealing new trends in education and learning that may prevent labor migration or mitigate it. To support feasibility of the study, a bibliometric analysis was implemented on the basis of Scopus tools and VOSviewer software. In this paper, the content analysis of several cases in a sphere of educational reform was performed, namely educational systems of some EU countries and their former members (UK, France, Finland) as well as the most developed world economies (USA, China, and Japan). The distance learning is considered as fundamentally necessary in today’s conditions and a milestone of the global educational system development. The paper investigates the essence and distribution of mass online courses as a typical type of distance learning. The case of virtual exchange that was managed and organized by several institutions within the COIL initiative was also analyzed the alternative to traditional learning. The recommendations about the further development of educational systems were made, as well as suggestions about the competitiveness of national economies due to the migration process.
Acknowledgment and funding This research was funded by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine “Reforming the lifelong learning system in Ukraine for the prevention of the labor emigration: a coopetition model of institutional partnership” (No. 0120U102001).
Fuzzy Form of Euler Method to Solve Fuzzy Differential Equations
Authors: Pirzada U.M. , Mohan S. Rama
Published: January 2021

Background:

The Euler method is a elementary method to solve fuzzy differential
equations numerically. Several authors have explored the Euler method by applying various approaches
and derivative concepts.

Methods:

This paper proposes a fuzzy form of the Euler method to solve fuzzy initial value problems.
Novelty of this approach is that the method developed based on fuzzy arithmetic. The solution
by this method is readily available in the form of fuzzy-valued function. The method does not require
to re-write fuzzy differential equation into a system of two crisp ordinary differential equations.

Results:

The algorithm of proposed method and local error expression are discussed. An illustration
and solution of the fuzzy Riccati equation are provided for the applicability of the method.

Conclusion:

The proposed Euler method is a natural generalization of crisp Euler method. It is
very efficient in solving linear and nonlinear fuzzy differential equations. One of the advantage of
this method is that the solution obtained by the method is always a fuzzy-valued function due to
well-defined fuzzy arithmetic.
Safe Use of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) to Deactivate SARS-CoV-2: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Ansari Waseem Ahmad , Ahamad Tanveer , Saquib Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Faheem
Published: January 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has now morphed into the most serious
healthcare challenge that the world has faced in a century. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
was declared as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020,
and a pandemic on March 11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The number of cases and
the death toll are rapidly increasing frequently because of its fast transmission from human to human
through droplets, contaminated hands or body, and inanimate surfaces.

Objective:

SDS has been found to exhibit broad-spectrum and effective microbicidal and viral inactivation
agents through the denaturation of both envelope and non-envelop proteins

Method:

Viable SARS-COV-2 particles may also be found on contaminated sites such as steel surfaces,
plastic surfaces, stainless steel, cardboard, and glass surfaces that can serve as a source of
virus transmission. We reviewed the available literature about the SARS-CoV-2 persistence on
inanimate surfaces as well as the decontamination strategies of corona and other viruses by using
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as well as other cleaning chemicals and disinfectants.

Result:

The efficacy of SDS has been amply demonstrated in several studies involving human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). SDS
has also been found as deactivator of SARS-CoV-2. In toxic profile, up to 1% concentration of
SDS is safe for humans and showed no toxic effect if ingested.

Conclusion:

Since no specific treatment is available as yet so containment and prevention continue
to be important strategies against COVID-19. In this context, SDS can be an effective chemical disinfectant
to slow and stop the further transmissions and spread of COVID-19.
A SMART CITY APPLICATION VALUE PROPOSITION REALITY CHECK AND CHALLENGES: THE CASE OF MOBILE APPLICATION FOR LOCAL TAX INFORMATION AND PAYMENT
Authors: Sanawiri Brillyanes , Agusti Rosalita Rachma
Published: January 2021

This paper address the problem and challenges of the smart city application in the field of tax service. The smart city application for local tax information and payment or namely the SAMPADE App is an innovative service provided by the city government of Malang, Indonesia. The four elements of value proposition and seven smart city framework dimensions were employed to evaluate the Smart City app of SAMPADE. A qualitative study was used by interviewing users and stakeholders of the mobile application. The study indicate that all four elements of the value proposition were currently perceived useful, however improving the performance and reliability of the apps requires further developments. The main contribution of this paper is the qualitative dimension of the concept of the value proposition and the smart city framework used to evaluate the smart city app. Future challenges and recommendation are also presented in this paper as part of the broader exercise for policymakers in developing the smart city app for local tax information and payment.Keywords: Value Proposition, Smart City, Local Tax, E-Government