bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project: 16 years of program evolution and lessons learned
Authors: Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Travis Dominic A. , Raphael Jane , Kamenya Shadrack , Lipende Iddi , Mwacha Dismas , Collins D. Anthony , Wilson Michael , Mjungu Deus , Murray Carson , Bakuza Jared , Wolf Tiffany M. , Parsons Michele B. , Deere Jessica R. , Lantz Emma , Kinsel Michael J. , Santymire Rachel , Pintea Lilian , Terio Karen A. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Pusey Anne E. , Goodall Jane , Gillespie Thomas R.
Published: July 2021

Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to the conservation of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and all threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of wild populations is of the highest priority. In an attempt to understand and mitigate the risk of disease for the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we initiated a long‐term health‐monitoring program in 2004. While the initial focus was to expand the ongoing behavioral research on chimpanzees to include standardized data on clinical signs of health, it soon became evident that the scope of the project would ideally include diagnostic surveillance of pathogens for all primates (including people) and domestic animals, both within and surrounding the National Park. Integration of these data, along with in‐depth post‐mortem examinations, have allowed us to establish baseline health indicators to inform outbreak response. Here, we describe the development and expansion of the Gombe Ecosystem Health project, review major findings from the research and summarize the challenges and lessons learned over the past 16 years. We also highlight future directions and present the opportunities and challenges that remain when implementing studies of ecosystem health in a complex, multispecies environment.
Diversity of transcriptomic microglial phenotypes in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Boche Delphine , Gordon Marcia N.
Published: July 2021

The morphological plasticity of microglia has fascinated neuroscientists for 100 years. Attempts to classify functional phenotypes are hampered by similarities between endogenous brain microglia and peripheral myeloid cells that can enter the brain under pathological conditions. Recent advances in single‐cell ‐omic methodologies have led to an explosion of data regarding gene expression in microglia. Herein, we review the diversity of microglial phenotypes in healthy brains, aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD); identify knowledge gaps in the body of evidence; and suggest areas in which new knowledge would be useful. Data from human samples and mouse models are compared and contrasted. Understanding the molecular complexity of the microglial response repertoire will suggest new avenues for therapeutic treatments in AD.
Superatom‐in‐Superatom [RhH@Ag24(SPhMe2)18]2− Nanocluster
Authors: Yi Hanseok , Han Sang Myeong , Song Suhwan , Kim Minseok , Sim Eunji , Lee Dongil
Published: July 2021

Heterometal doping is a powerful method for tuning the physicochemical properties of metal nanoclusters. While the heterometals doped into such nanoclusters predominantly include transition metals with closed d‐shells, the doping of open d‐shell metals remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report the first synthesis of a [RhHAg24(SPhMe2)18]2− nanocluster, in which a Rh atom with open d‐shells ([Kr]4d85s1) is incorporated into the Ag24 framework by forming a RhH superatom with closed d‐shells ([Kr]4d10). Combined experimental and theoretical investigations showed that the Ag24 framework was co‐doped with Rh and hydride and that the RhH dopant was a superatomic construct of a Pd atom. Additional studies demonstrated that the [RhHAg24(SPhMe2)18]2− nanocluster was isoelectronic to the [PdAg24(SPhMe2)18]2− nanocluster with the superatomic 8‐electron configuration (1S21P6). This study demonstrated for the first time that a superatom could be incorporated into a cluster superatom to generate a stable superatom‐in‐superatom nanocluster.
A Microporous Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework for the Efficient Capture and Purification of Propylene
Authors: Gao Junkuo , Cai Youlie , Qian Xuefeng , Liu Puxu , Wu Hui , Zhou Wei , Liu De‐Xuan , Li Libo , Lin Rui‐Biao , Chen Banglin
Published: July 2021

Adsorptive separation of propylene/propane (C3H6/C3H8) mixture is desired for its potential energy saving on replacing currently deployed and energy‐intensive cryogenic distillation. Realizing efficient C3H6/C3H8separation in the emerging hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) is very challenging owing to the lack of functional sites for preferential gas binding. By virtue of crystal engineering, we herein report a functionalized HOF (HOF‐16) with free ‐COOH sites for the efficient separation of C3H6/C3H8mixtures. Under ambient conditions,HOF‐16shows a significant C3H6/C3H8uptake difference (by 76 %) and selectivity (5.4) in contrast to other carboxylic acid‐based HOFs. Modeling studies indicate that free ‐COOH groups together with the suitable pore confinement facilitate the recognition and high‐density packing of gas molecules. The separation performance ofHOF‐16was validated by breakthrough experiments.HOF‐16is stable towards strong acidity and water.
Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Materials Afford Efficient and Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Liu Cheng , Igci Cansu , Yang Yi , Syzgantseva Olga A. , Syzgantseva Maria A. , Rakstys Kasparas , Kanda Hiroyuki , Shibayama Naoyuki , Ding Bin , Zhang Xianfu , Jankauskas Vygintas , Ding Yong , Dai Songyuan , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: July 2021

The emerging CsPbI3 perovskites are highly efficient and thermally stable materials for wide‐band gap perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but the doped hole transport materials (HTMs) accelerate the undesirable phase transition of CsPbI3 in ambient. Herein, a dopant‐free D‐π‐A type HTM named CI‐TTIN‐2F has been developed which overcomes this problem. The suitable optoelectronic properties and energy‐level alignment endow CI‐TTIN‐2F with excellent charge collection properties. Moreover, CI‐TTIN‐2F provides multisite defect‐healing effects on the defective sites of CsPbI3 surface. Inorganic CsPbI3 PSCs with CI‐TTIN‐2F HTM feature high efficiencies up to 15.9 %, along with 86 % efficiency retention after 1000 h under ambient conditions. Inorganic perovskite solar modules were also fabricated that exhibiting an efficiency of 11.0 % with a record area of 27 cm2. This work confirms that using efficient dopant‐free HTMs is an attractive strategy to stabilize inorganic PSCs for their future scale‐up.
Kationische Carben‐Analoga: Donorfreie Phosphenium‐ und Arsenium‐Ionen
Authors: Olaru Marian , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: July 2021

Chemiker waren schon immer begeistert von Carbenen und ihren Homologen, von ihrer faszinierenden Reaktivität und ihrem ambiphilen Charakter, der aus der besonderen elektronischen Struktur herrührt. Phosphenium‐ und Arsenium‐Ionen sind extrem reaktive kationische Spezies, deren Stabilisierung in kondensierter Phase bislang nur dadurch erreicht werden könnte, indem die positive Ladung durch elektromere Konjugation über mindestens einen elektronenreichen Substituenten (häufig eine Amidogruppe) delokalisiert wurde. Obwohl sie in der Gasphase beobachtet wurden, entzogen sich dikoordinierte Phosphenium‐ und Arsenium‐Ionen ohne stabilisierende Liganden für viele Jahrzehnte ihrer Isolierung. Hier zeigen wir, dass durch die geeignete Wahl aromatischer Substituenten dikoordinierte, donorfreie, Lewis supersaure Phosphenium‐ und Arsenium‐Ionen kinetisch stabilisiert werden können. Diese zeichnen sich durch einen elektronischen Singulett‐Grundzustand aus und weisen ein nicht‐besetztes p‐Orbital sowie ein freies Elektronenpaar mit dominierendem s‐Charakter auf.
Chirality‐Dependent Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Effect in 1D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Bulk Single Crystal
Authors: Fu Dongying , Xin Jianli , He Yueyue , Wu Shichao , Zhang Xinyuan , Zhang Xian‐Ming , Luo Junhua
Published: July 2021

The introduction of chirality into organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) is expected to achieve excellent photoelectric and nonlinear materials related to circular dichroism. Owing to the existence of asymmetric center and intrinsic chirality in the chiral OIHPs, the different efficiencies of second harmonic generation (SHG) signal occurs when the circularly polarized light (CPL) with different phases passes through the chiral crystal, which is defined as second harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG‐CD). Here, the SHG‐CD effect is developed in bulk single crystals of chiral one‐dimensional (1D) [(R/S)‐3‐aminopiperidine]PbI4. It is the first time that CPL is distinguished using chirality‐dependent SHG‐CD effect in OIHPs bulk single crystals. Such SHG‐CD technology extends the detection range to near infrared region (NIR). In this way, the anisotropy factor (gSHG‐CD) through SHG‐CD signal is as high as 0.21.
Effects of bortezomib on mouse preimplantation embryo development in vitro
Authors: Coban Cennet Sinem , Mutluay Duygu
Published: July 2021

Background

Bortezomib, a selective inhibitor of 26S proteasome, is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of human cancer cells. While cancer during pregnancy is a rare condition, the trends in becoming pregnant at an advanced age increase the risk of cancer associated with pregnancy. Cancers need to be treated carefully without harming the fetus during pregnancy for the patients who desire to continue their pregnancy. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential side effects of bortezomib as this drug has so far not been investigated during preimplantation embryo development.

Materials and methods

Two cell stage embryos were flushed from mated female CD1 mice and were cultured. Two‐cell, eight‐cell, and morula stage embryos were exposed to different concentrations of bortezomib in vitro. Morphologic alterations of the embryos were evaluated and the data were statistically analyzed.

Results

Our study showed that bortezomib exposure caused a statistically significant decrease in embryo survival and developmental competence and potential rate. We detected those early stages of embryos are more susceptible to bortezomib exposure than later stages.

Conclusion

We indicated that bortezomib adversely affects preimplantation embryo development in a dose, time, and developmental stage dependent manner. Moreover, bortezomib treatment inhibits preimplantation embryo development and induces cytoplasmic fragmentation and cell‐cycle arrest on embryos.
Equality in matters of the heart?
Authors: Balan Prakash , Eng Marvin H.
Published: July 2021

Key Points

Gender‐based differences in TAVR outcomes remains significant.

Gender‐based differences in TAVR outcomes persist despite technological advancements reducing catheter profiles and inclusion of lower surgical risk patients.

Further study aimed at controlling for differences in anatomical dimensions may improve our understanding of the gender gap in TAVR.
Adequate preparation of complex left main lesions prior to stenting appears to level the playing field
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Voeltz Michele
Published: July 2021

Key Points

There is marked variability in whether or not left main lesions are treated in advance of stenting, and the choice of device for lesion preparation.

There is a gradient in patient lesion complexity that seems to drive choice of device, with more complex lesions treated with atherectomy, followed by cutting balloon, then balloon angioplasty and direct stenting.

Long‐term clinical outcomes were independent of left main complexity, suggesting that adequate lesion preparation along with intravascular imaging may overcome these risks.
NIR‐II Fluorescent Brightness Promoted by “Ring Fusion” for the Detection of Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Li Yaxi , Zha Menglei , Yang Guang , Wang Shuxian , Ni Jen‐Shyang , Li Kai
Published: July 2021

Fluorophores with emission in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) have displayed salient advantages for biomedical applications. However, the common strategy of reducing the energy bandgap of fluorophores so as to achieve red‐shifted wavelengths always leads to compromised fluorescent brightness. Herein, we propose a molecular design concept of “ring‐fusion” to modify the acceptor of AIEgen that can extend the luminous wavelength from NIR‐I to NIR‐II. The fused‐acceptor‐containing fluorophore yielded, TTQP, has an enhanced absorption coefficient with a higher brightness in nanoparticle formation compared to its NIR‐I emissive counterpart (TTQ‐DP) with a non‐fused acceptor. Theoretical calculation further confirms that the ring fusion can efficiently promote the rigidity and planarity of the electron‐deficient core, leading to a lower reorganization energy and nonradiative decay. The TTQP NPs yielded thus allow sensitive NIR‐II fluorescence imaging of vasculature and intestinal inflammation in mice models. Therefore, we anticipate that our work will provide a promising molecular‐engineering strategy to enrich the library and broaden the application scope of NIR‐II fluorophores.
Keypose synthesis from 3D motion capture data by using evolutionary clustering
Authors: Günen Mehmet Akif , Beşdok Pınar Çivicioğlu , Beşdok Erkan
Published: July 2021

Motion Capture datasets are captured as high‐frequency discrete samples using photogrammetric computer vision or various industrial geodetic measurement methods over the relevant model. Because Motion Capture data are inherently large‐datasets, expressing Motion Capture data without employing a motion data abstraction approach such as keypose is challenging. Keypose synthesis is a serious problem in many applications. Unfortunately, the local statistical features of Motion Capture data over time periods vary often, making it difficult to determine a key point summing the motion activation involved. Conventional clustering methods, such as Fuzzy C‐Means (FCM), that are sensitive to initial conditions, can be fitted to a local solution rather than producing a highly reliable keypose. Data clustering can be performed using evolutionary search methods without being limited to relatively local solutions. In this paper, the Motion Capture data were clustered using evolutionary search algorithms, and related keyposes were synthesized using the “minimum‐distance to cluster‐centers” principle. In Experiments section of this paper, motion data containing sportive movements were clustered by using evolutionary algorithms (i.e., Particle Swarm Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony, and Differential Search Algorithm) and classical clustering algorithms (i.e., Self‐Organizing Neural Network, FCM) to obtain related keyposes. The computed statistics exposed that evolutionary methods were more successful in obtaining keypose than classical methods.
Infrared Irradiation‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed (Hetero)aryl‐aryl Coupling via C−H Bond Activation
Authors: Albano Gianluigi , Decandia Gianfranco , Capozzi Maria Annunziata M. , Zappimbulso Nicola , Punzi Angela , Farinola Gianluca M.
Published: July 2021

The increasing attention towards environmentally friendly synthetic protocols has boosted studies directed to the development of green and sustainable methods for direct C−H bond arylation of (hetero)arenes. In this context, here the infrared (IR) irradiation‐assisted solvent‐free Pd‐catalyzed direct C−H bond arylation of (hetero)arenes was achieved. Several heteroaryl‐aryl coupling reactions were described, also involving heterocycles commonly used as building blocks for the synthesis of organic semiconductors. The reaction tolerated many functional groups on the aromatic nuclei. The IR‐irradiation as the energy source compared favorably with thermal heating and, in combination with solvent‐free conditions, provided an important contribution to the development of protocols fitting with the principles of green chemistry.
Are antibodies to fine specificities of citrullinated peptides/proteins useful for stratification of rheumatoid arthritis patients?
Authors: Nogueira Leonor , Parra Emilie , Larrieu Margaux , Verrouil Evelyne , Cornillet Martin
Published: July 2021

Background

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antibodies to citrullinated protein (ACPA) are believed to be heterogeneous and patient stratification by antibody profiling raised clinical interest for patient management. However, heterogeneity might be partially artificial because of the use of heterogeneous methods for ACPA detection. In recent work instead, we found that ACPA were mainly directed towards a single fibrin‐derived peptide, β60‐74BiotNt, but a comparative analysis with the presence of other ACPA specificities is still lacking.

Objectives

To present an overview of RA patients' stratification based on the detection of the main ACPA fine specificities with the same method as compared to that of anti‐β60‐74BiotNt antibodies.

Methods

Over 4500 measurements were performed with more than 22 standardised ELISAs, sera from 180 RA patients and 200 to 436 non‐RA rheumatic disease controls.

Results

Four to 81% of RA patients had ACPA towards various targets, confirming the heterogeneity of ACPA specificities. However, the subgroups of patients overlapped up to 97% with ACPA levels of correlation coefficients up to 0.8, showing redundancy of some targets. Multiplexing decreased diagnostic specificity from 95% to 64%. Instead, anti‐β60‐74BiotNt detection identified almost all ACPA‐positive patients.

Conclusions

Antibodies to citrullinated protein multiplexing shows some degree of redundancy and is not suitable for diagnostic purposes. ACPA fine specificities might be less heterogeneous than perceived by sera testing on multiple peptides. Patient stratification largely depends on detection methods and requires standardisation.
Use of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration of the pancreas to diagnose a case of primary linitis plastica of the colon with retroperitoneal dissemination
Authors: Shitani Masahiro , Ogino Jiro , Akahonai Masakazu , Isosaka Mai , Ota Shigenori , Tayama Yoshiko , Ueki Tomomi , Tsuruma Tetsuhiro , Adachi Takeya , Hirata Koichi , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

A 54‐year‐old man had previously undergone curative sigmoidectomy for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with a signet‐ring cell component of the sigmoid colon, which was characterized morphologically by stenosis and inelasticity of the colon (linitis plastica). Six weeks after surgery, the patient developed stenosis of the right ureter. Disseminated sigmoid cancer was suspected, and chemotherapy was started. Nine months after initiation of chemotherapy, obstructive jaundice was observed which was due to stenosis of the distal bile duct (BD). Although computed tomography showed no evident metastatic lesion that could cause the stenosis, swelling of the entire pancreas was evident compared to that of 11 months earlier. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) also did not detect any focal masses in the head of the pancreas, although there was a diffuse hypoechoic change in the entire pancreas. Histopathology of the stenotic BD and biopsy specimen from the head of the pancreas showed no malignant cells. Two months after the initial endoscopic bile duct drainage, the patient was admitted again for epigastric pain. A second EUS fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) of the head of the pancreas was performed and showed poorly differentiated carcinoma with some signet‐ring cells. This finding provided histological confirmation of a disseminated pancreatic lesion of the previously resected linitis plastica of the sigmoid colon. This is a rare case of disseminated pancreatic lesion from primary linitis plastica of the colon diagnosed by EUS‐FNA.
One size does not fit all: Tuning eDNA protocols for high‐ and low‐turbidity water sampling
Authors: Kumar Girish , Farrell Emily , Reaume Ashley M. , Eble Jeff A. , Gaither Michelle R.
Published: July 2021

Findings from eDNA metabarcoding are strongly influenced by experimental approach, yet the effect of pre‐PCR sample processing on taxon detection and estimates of biodiversity across different water types is still poorly resolved. To fill this data gap, we investigated the impact of sampling effort, extraction method, and filter pore size on DNA yield, PCR inhibition, and 16S rDNA metabarcoding results for fishes in water samples collected from inshore turbid‐ and offshore clear‐water environments. The turbid‐water samples had high concentrations of suspended organic and/or inorganic material and yielded ~3.2× more DNA and exhibited high levels of PCR inhibition compared with the low‐turbidity, clear‐water samples. Importantly, there were no striking differences in the results of our metabarcoding experiments based on extraction method or filter pore size. While a small number of unique species of relatively low read count were detected in all turbid‐water treatments, most species were consistently detected across samples. Results for the clear‐water samples were strikingly different, with low DNA yield, high levels of variation across replicates, and a high number of non‐overlapping species across treatments. These findings indicate a patchy distribution of eDNA in offshore environments, which means higher volumes of water (≥ 2 L per replicate) must be filtered in habitats where target DNA is likely to be sparse. In semi‐closed systems such as estuaries, higher concentrations of target DNA are expected, and we found that either a 1.0 or 3.0 µm filter pore size was sufficient to capture standing diversity, while decreasing the risk of clogging. For economical DNA extraction and inhibitor removal, we recommend a combination of Omega Bio‐tek E.Z.N.A Tissue DNA kit followed by a PCR inhibitor removal step using the Zymo Kit. Finally, we emphasize that pilot studies should be undertaken whenever sampling in a new environment to identify which protocol is most appropriate.
Early age at menarche is associated with post‐menarche back pain: An analysis of the Raine Study
Authors: Innes Stanley , Jacques Angela , Scott Karin , Walker Bruce
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Back pain (BP) experienced by females during adolescent years appears to predispose them to an increased likelihood of its presence in adulthood. Understanding this phenomenon by identifying risk factors of those at risk potentially fosters preventative strategies and effective treatments.

Objectives

To investigate for associations between post‐menarche BP and low back pain (LBP) and age at menarche (AAM) in Australian adolescents using the Western Australian pregnancy cohort (The Raine Study).

Methods

This study used data from a longitudinal cohort study. BP data were collected retrospectively using a questionnaire. Menarche data was split into three established age classifications early (<12‐years), normal (≥12 to >14‐years) and late (≥14‐years). Logistic regression models examined the effect of AAM on BP.

Results

666 female participants provided valid menarche data with 183 (27.5%) early AAM, 429 (64.4%) normal AAM and 54 (8.1%) with late AAM. The mean AAM was 12.59 years. BP was disclosed by 27.5% in the 14‐year follow‐up and 31.5% in the 17‐year follow‐up. Participants who had early AAM had 79% higher odds of experiencing BP compared to participants who had normal AAM, after adjusting for confounders at the 14‐year follow‐up (adjOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.18–2.64).

Conclusion

There is evidence of an association, in this cohort, of early AAM with post‐menarche BP. This result identifies an area for future exploration, including understanding this mechanism which may lead to the development of effective intervention measures.

Significance

Age at menarche is related to a range of health issues. This study sought to investigate if it was a risk factor for spinal pain. We used an existing Australian data base to explore this possibility and found an association with early age onset and post‐menarche back pain. This result identifies an area for future exploration, including understanding this mechanism which may lead to the development of effective intervention measures.
A novel streamlined particle‐unscented Kalman filtering method for the available energy prediction of lithium‐ion batteries considering the time‐varying temperature‐current influence
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Shunli , Zou Chuanyun , Fan Yongcun , Jin Siyu , Fernandez Carlos
Published: July 2021

Effective energy prediction is of great importance for the operational status monitoring of high‐power lithium‐ion battery packs. It should be embedded in the battery system performance evaluation, energy management, and safety protection. A new Streamlined Particle‐Unscented Kalman Filtering method is proposed to predict the available energy of lithium‐ion batteries, in which an Adaptive‐Dual Unscented Transform treatment is conducted to realize the precise mathematical expression of its working conditions. For the accurate mathematical description purpose, an improved Synthetic‐Electrical Equivalent Circuit modeling method is introduced into the internal effect equivalent process considering the influence of time‐varying temperature and current conditions. As can be known from the experimental results, the proposed prediction method has a maximum estimation error of 2.27% and an average error of 0.80%, for the complex varying‐current Beijing Bus Dynamic Stress Test. Under the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule working conditions, the available energy prediction has high accuracy with a maximum error of 1.83% and a voltage traction error of 3.28%. It provides vehicle‐mounted available energy prediction schemes for effective management and safety protection of high‐power lithium‐ion batteries.

Highlights

A new Streamlined Particle‐Unscented Kalman Filtering method is proposed to predict the available energy of lithium‐ion batteries.

Improved Synthetic‐Electrical Equivalent Circuit modeling strategies are established to describe the nonlinear battery characteristics.

Adopted predictive correction is investigated by considering the time‐varying temperature and current influence.

For effective convergence, an adaptive windowing function factor is introduced into the correction process with a maximum estimation error of 2.27% and an average error of 0.80% for the complex varying‐current Beijing Bus Dynamic Stress Test working conditions.

The vehicle battery available energy prediction is realized with a maximum error of 1.83% and a maximum voltage traction error of 3.28% for the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule working conditions.
A systematic evaluation of source reconstruction of resting MEG of the human brain with a new high‐resolution atlas: Performance, precision, and parcellation
Authors: Tait Luke , Özkan Ayşegül , Szul Maciej J. , Zhang Jiaxiang
Published: July 2021

Noninvasive functional neuroimaging of the human brain can give crucial insight into the mechanisms that underpin healthy cognition and neurological disorders. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures extracranial magnetic fields originating from neuronal activity with high temporal resolution, but requires source reconstruction to make neuroanatomical inferences from these signals. Many source reconstruction algorithms are available, and have been widely evaluated in the context of localizing task‐evoked activities. However, no consensus yet exists on the optimum algorithm for resting‐state data. Here, we evaluated the performance of six commonly‐used source reconstruction algorithms based on minimum‐norm and beamforming estimates. Using human resting‐state MEG, we compared the algorithms using quantitative metrics, including resolution properties of inverse solutions and explained variance in sensor‐level data. Next, we proposed a data‐driven approach to reduce the atlas from the Human Connectome Project's multi‐modal parcellation of the human cortex based on metrics such as MEG signal‐to‐noise‐ratio and resting‐state functional connectivity gradients. This procedure produced a reduced cortical atlas with 230 regions, optimized to match the spatial resolution and the rank of MEG data from the current generation of MEG scanners. Our results show that there is no “one size fits all” algorithm, and make recommendations on the appropriate algorithms depending on the data and aimed analyses. Our comprehensive comparisons and recommendations can serve as a guide for choosing appropriate methodologies in future studies of resting‐state MEG.
Nonlinear radiation on Maxwell fluid in a convective heat transfer with viscous dissipation and activation energy
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Vijayakumar D. , Thangavelu Kannan
Published: July 2021

The present analysis addresses linear and nonlinear radiation effects in hydrodynamic viscous Maxwell fluid flow on a unidirectional stretching surface through viscous dissipation. The relaxation effect is considered in the mathematical model, which elucidates mass transport mechanisms under binary chemical reaction and activation energy. Mathematical modeling contains nonlinear partial differential equations using boundary conditions. Appropriate transformations convert the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions for regular differential equations are brought by Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg numerical quadrature and a shooting method with a tolerance level of 10−9. The influence of physical variables, such as Deborah relaxation number, rotation parameter, Biot number, activation energy parameter, reaction rate parameter, Eckert number, and Prandtl number are investigated. Increasing the Biot number improves the temperature region in the boundary layer. With high rotation, the increasing Deborah number enhances the fluid temperature substantially throughout the boundary layer.
Absolute quantification of 2‐hydroxyglutarate on tissue by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging for rapid and precise identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in human glioma
Authors: Lan Chunyan , Li Hainan , Wang Lei , Zhang Jing , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Rumeng , Yuan Xiaoai , Wu Taihua , Wu Jie , Lu Ming , Ma Xu
Published: July 2021

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations are important predictive molecular markers to guide surgical strategy in brain cancer therapy. Herein, we presented a method using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) for absolute quantification of 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG) on tissues to identify IDH mutations and evaluate tumor residue. This analytical method was tested among 34 glioma patients and validated with gold standard clinical technologies. The cut‐off value of 2‐HG was set as 0.81 pmol/μg to identify IDH mutant (IDHmt) gliomas with 100% specificity and sensitivity. In addition, 2‐HG levels and tumor cell density (TCD) showed positive correlation in IDHmt gliomas by this spatial method. This MALDI MSI‐based absolute quantification method has great potentiality for incorporating into surgical workflow in the future.
Is it beneficial for patients with pT1‐2N1M0 breast cancer to receive postmastectomy radiotherapy? An analysis based on RecurIndex assay
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zhou Mengli , Liu Yueping , Du Furong , Tang Jiyu , Wang Ning , Song Chao , Geng Cuizhi , Duan Huijun
Published: July 2021

The benefit of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) for pT1‐2N1M0 breast cancer patients currently remains controversial. This study was conducted to investigate whether pT1‐2N1M0 breast cancer patients could benefit from PMRT based on RecurIndex assay. The clinical data of 213 pT1‐2N1M0 breast cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Through RecurIndex assay, 81 cases were assessed as the low risk, and 132 as the high risk. Compared to low‐risk patients, high‐risk patients especially those not receiving PMRT had a significantly increased risk of recurrence and metastasis, and worse 7‐year local‐regional recurrence‐free interval (LRFI), distance recurrence‐free interval (DRFI) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates. PMRT‐based subgroup analysis indicated no significant differences between the low‐risk patients with and without PMRT in 7‐year LRFI, DRFI, RFS and overall survival (OS) rates, but apparent differences were all shown between the high‐risk patients with and without PMRT in 7‐year LRFI, DRFI, RFS and OS rates. Overall, for pT1‐2N1M0 breast cancer patients at low risk of recurrence and metastasis stratified by RecurIndex assay, there may be a phenomenon of no PMRT benefits, while for those at high risk, use of PMRT may produce survival benefits.
TWEEC: Computer‐aided glaucoma diagnosis from retinal images using deep learning techniques
Authors: Abdel‐Hamid Lamiaa
Published: July 2021

A novel two‐branched deep convolutional (TWEEC) network is developed for computer‐aided glaucoma diagnosis. The TWEEC network is designed to simultaneously extract anatomical information related to the optic disc and surrounding blood vessels which are the retinal structures most affected by glaucoma progression. The spatial retinal images and wavelet approximation subbands are compared as inputs to the proposed network. TWEEC's performance is compared to three implemented convolutional networks, one of which employs transfer learning. Experiments showed that the introduced TWEEC network achieved accuracies of 98.78% and 96.34% for the spatial and wavelet inputs, respectively, by that outperforming the other three deep networks by 8‐15%. This work paves the way for the development of efficient deep learning based computer‐aided glaucoma diagnosis tools. Moreover, the present study illustrates that considering specific wavelet subbands for the training of convolutional networks can result in reliable performance with the advantage of reduced overall network training time.
Proper deficit irrigation applied at various stages of growth can maintain yield and improve the comprehensive fruit quality and economic return of table grapes grown in greenhouses*
Authors: Jiang Xuelian , Liu Binggang , Guan Xueqiang , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Baojie , Zhao Sheng , Song Yunpeng , Zhao Yueling , Bi Junlai
Published: July 2021

In order to investigate the quantitative response of yield, fruit quality and economic return of table grapes grown in greenhouses under deficit irrigation applied at various growth stages, experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018. Three irrigation levels (full irrigation, 2/3 and 1/3‐full irrigation) were applied at the fruit setting–swelling (stage 2), veraison (stage 4) and whole growth stages. The comprehensive fruit quality index (Qc) was determined in order to evaluate the overall quality of the berries and its effect on economic return. The results showed that deficit irrigation significantly decreased evapotranspiration (ET) and yield, and improved water use efficiency (WUE), individual quality parameters and Qc. Fruit quality was more sensitive to water deficit at stage 4 than at stage 2. Significant linear functions were found between a relative decrease in yield, berry quality parameters, Qc and a relative seasonal ET deficit. Net income under deficit irrigation was related to the price proportional coefficient (R). Higher net income was mainly determined by a higher yield when R was less than 1, while higher net income was determined by a higher Qc when R was greater than 3. An appropriate water deficit level at stages 2 and 4 (F2/3V2/3) is recommended as an optimal treatment as it produces a higher Qc, the highest WUE and net income without a significant decrease in yield.
Lipocalin 2 increases after high‐intensity exercise in humans and influences muscle gene expression and differentiation in mice
Authors: Ponzetti Marco , Aielli Federica , Ucci Argia , Cappariello Alfredo , Lombardi Giovanni , Teti Anna , Rucci Nadia
Published: July 2021

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an adipokine that accomplishes several functions in diverse organs. However, its importance in muscle and physical exercise is currently unknown. We observed that following acute high‐intensity exercise (“Gran Sasso d'Italia” vertical run), LCN2 serum levels were increased. The Wnt pathway antagonist, DKK1, was also increased after the run, positively correlating with LCN2, and the same was found for the cytokine Interleukin 6. We, therefore, investigated the involvement of LCN2 in muscle physiology employing an Lcn2 global knockout (Lcn2−/−) mouse model. Lcn2−/− mice presented with smaller muscle fibres but normal muscle performance (grip strength metre) and muscle weight. At variance with wild type (WT) mice, the inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 6 was undetectable in Lcn2−/− mice at all ages. Intriguingly, Lcn2−/− mice did not lose gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscle mass and muscle performance following hindlimb suspension, while at variance with WT, they lose soleus muscle mass. In vitro, LCN2 treatment reduced the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 and primary mouse myoblasts and influenced their gene expression. Treating myoblasts with LCN2 reduced myogenesis, suggesting that LCN2 may negatively affect muscle physiology when upregulated following high‐intensity exercise.
Zebrafish choice behavior is sensitive to reinforcer rate, immediacy, and magnitude ratios
Authors: Kuroda Toshikazu , Ritchey Carolyn M. , Podlesnik Christopher A.
Published: July 2021

Behavioral flexibility has, in part, been defined by choice behavior changing as a function of changes in reinforcer payoffs. We examined whether the generalized matching law quantitatively described changes in choice behavior in zebrafish when relative reinforcer rates, delays/immediacy, and magnitudes changed between two alternatives across conditions. Choice was sensitive to each of the three reinforcer properties. Sensitivity estimates to changes in relative reinforcer rates were greater when 2 variable‐interval schedules were arranged independently between alternatives (Experiment 1a) than when a single schedule pseudorandomly arranged reinforcers between alternatives (Experiment 1b). Sensitivity estimates for changes in relative reinforcer immediacy (Experiment 2) and magnitude (Experiment 3) were similar but lower than estimates for reinforcer rates. These differences in sensitivity estimates are consistent with studies examining other species, suggesting flexibility in zebrafish choice behavior in the face of changes in payoff as described by the generalized matching law.
Castration fever: On trans, China, and psychoanalysis
Authors: Chiang Howard
Published: July 2021

This essay considers the evolution of the author's research over the last 15 years in which the treatment of castration as a historical problem holds promise for bridging disparate scholarly fields and paradigms. In particular, by tracing the shift in the author's intellectual focus from the science of sex change to the history of transcultural psychoanalysis, some insights are offered in regard to the intertwined politics of transness, Chineseness, and the unconscious. Though psychoanalysis may appear as a subject far removed from the eunuchs of ancient China, this essay highlights some of the methodological stakes that have saturated the historical study of both topics. These reflections can serve as a touchstone for thinking beyond disciplinary norms and conventions, especially in Chinese studies and the history of science.
Intercomparison of drift correction alternatives for CMIP5 decadal precipitation
Authors: Hossain Md Monowar , Garg Nikhil , Anwar A. H. M. Faisal , Prakash Mahesh , Bari Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Decadal experiments' output of the coupled model inter‐comparison project phase‐5 (CMIP5) contains significant model drift. For practical use of CMIP5 decadal climate variables, it is necessary to correct this model drift. In previous studies, drift correction of CMIP5 decadal data of temperature and temperature‐based climate indices have been investigated, but there is no study that investigated the drift correction of decadal precipitation at a catchment scale. This study investigates the practical use of CMIP5 decadal precipitation data on seasonal scale using different drift correction alternatives for Brisbane catchment in Australia. For this, decadal monthly precipitation data from eight GCMs (EC‐EARTH, MRI‐CGCM3, MPI‐ESM‐LR, MPI‐ESM‐MR, MIROC4h, MIROC5 and CanCM4) were cut for the Australian region. By using the bi‐linear interpolation, the GCM data were re‐gridded to 0.05° × 0.05° spatial resolution matching with the observed gridded precipitation data collected from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Both model and observed data were subset for the Brisbane catchment and aggregated into seasonal means for Australian seasons. Four drift correction alternatives including one new modified method were employed for the selected GCM models and the models were categorized based on their performances using different skill scores. The results revealed that the performance of drift correction alternatives vary among different models and initialization years. Although some drift correction methods showed better performances than others for a given model but it is still difficult to suggest the most suitable method for seasonal precipitation. Drift correction approaches for other time scales such as monthly precipitation, and their application for individual ensemble members may be investigated further to better understand the implications of alternative drift corrections for decadal forecasting.
Reassessment of the ‘Abbevillien’ in the perspective of new discoveries from the Lower Palaeolithic and Quaternary sites of Abbeville (Somme, northern France)
Authors: Moncel Marie‐hélène , Antoine Pierre , Hurel Arnaud , Bahain Jean‐Jacques
Published: July 2021

North‐West Europe yields few traces of early human occupation, in particular for the Acheulean. In this context, the Somme Valley in northern France offers a route to Britain during various Pleistocene low sea levels, and has provided numerous evidence of Lower Palaeolithic human occupation through fieldwork initiated during the 19th century. These localities are associated with the original definition in the 1930s by the French prehistorian Abbé Henri Breuil of the ‘Abbevillien’ (Abbevillian facies), based on lithic pieces including crudely made bifaces recovered in particular in some famous key localities of Abbeville, Carpentier, Léon and Moulin Quignon quarries. The history of the term and its definition subsequently gave rise to debates concerning the chronocultural framework of Palaeolithic assemblages among the scientific community of prehistorians over time, from Jacques Boucher de Perthes, Gabriel de Mortillet, Geoffroy d'Ault du Mesnil, Victor Commont, Henri Breuil and François Bordes. New investigations at these three localities, all associated with the High Terrace of the Somme system, pushed back the age of the expansion of the Acheulean both in northern France and in Western Europe to c. 670–650 000 years. They imply that early hominins were able to settle in North‐West Europe during both climatic temperate and cold phases. Our work, including new excavations and associated field observations of the three Abbeville localities involved at the onset of the controversy, allows a re‐examination of the Abbevillian and contributes to the discussion of the history of Prehistoric Science and the Earliest ‘Acheuleans’ in North‐West Europe.
The onset of secondary seed dispersal is controlled by germination‐features: A neglected process in sudden saltmarsh establishment
Authors: Zhao Zhiyuan , Zhang Liquan , Li Xiuzhen , Yuan Lin , Bouma Tjeerd J.
Published: July 2021

Effective seed dispersal is critical for enabling rapid state shift from a bare tidal flat to a vegetated marsh. While tidal currents are the main dispersal vector in coastal environments, biological characteristics that keep seeds afloat have been shown to influence primary seed dispersal, i.e., seed departure from the parent plant. In contrast, secondary seed dispersal processes that move (germinated) seeds trapped within microsites have been largely neglected. Here, we explore the extent to which the coupling between biotic traits and abiotic factors affects secondary seed dispersal, and whether secondary seed dispersal may explain sudden saltmarsh establishment (i.e., rapid colonization of bare tidal flat by large numbers of seedlings in spring). We used two widely spread pioneer species: Scripus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora. Combined flume and field results demonstrated that: (1) germination stage, current velocity, and sedimentary regime have a marked effect on the probability of secondary seed dispersal by influencing the threshold lift‐off velocity of (germinated) seeds within microsites; (2) density and bud length are critical biotic traits that best predict the potential of secondary‐dispersal onset after seed germination; (3) S. alterniflora possess a stronger secondary dispersal ability compared to S. mariqueter; and (4) secondary dispersal of germinated seeds in spring may explain observed sudden marsh establishment on bare tidal flats. Our findings provide novel insight relevant to understanding the drivers of seed dispersal and thereby sudden saltmarsh establishment events, with important implications for understanding the effects of climate change on critical state transitions and enabling human‐aided restoration.
“My life is a mess, I deserve a brownie:” Justifying indulgence by overstating the severity of life problems
Authors: Tezer Ali , Sobol Kamila
Published: July 2021

Consumers frequently experience goal conflict, where they have to choose between staying on course to achieve a goal and succumbing to a tempting indulgence that interrupts goal pursuit. This study introduces a novel strategy consumers use to justify the choice of an indulgent (goal‐conflicting) option over a righteous (goal‐aligned) one. In three experimental studies involving real consumption decisions, the authors show that before choosing a goal‐conflicting option over a goal‐aligned one, consumers overstate the severity of their life problems before making their choice to feel more deserving of the indulgence. This justification strategy is apparent when the goal‐conflicting option is chosen over a goal‐aligned option (vs. over another goal‐conflicting option—i.e., no goal conflict), and when the severity of life problems is reported before (vs. after) making the final choice. Furthermore, the findings reveal a positive downstream consequence of the proposed justification strategy on choice satisfaction. These findings contribute to the growing research on consumers' tendency to create reasons to justify indulgences, in this case at the expense of deliberately degrading one's current state to feel more deserving of indulgence.
Conducting a state‐of‐the‐art mental health survey in a traditional setting: Challenges and lessons from piloting the World Mental Health Survey in Qatar
Authors: Khaled Salma M. , Petcu Catalina , Bader Lina , Amro Iman , Al‐Assi Marwa , Le Trung Kien , Mneimneh Zeina N. , Sampson Nancy A. , Kessler Ronald C. , Woodruff Peter W.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

A small country in the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar experienced rapid economic growth in the last 3 decades accompanied by major socio‐demographic shifts towards a younger and more highly educated population. To date, no national epidemiological study has examined the prevalence, associated factors, or sequelae of mental disorders in Qatar's general population.

Methods

The World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) is a national mental health needs assessment survey and is the first carried out in collaboration with the World Mental Health Survey initiative to assess the prevalence and burden of psychiatric illnesses among the full Arabic speaking population (nationals and non‐nationals) within the same country.

Results

Standard translation and harmonization procedures were used to develop the WMHQ instrument. A survey quality control system with standard performance indicators was developed to ensure interviewer adherence to standard practices. A pilot study was then carried out just prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Endorsement from public health authorities and sequential revision of the interview schedule led to full survey completion (as opposed to partial completion) and good overall response rate.

Conclusions

The WMHQ survey will provide timely and actionable information based on quality enhancement procedures put in place during the development and piloting of the study.