bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fenomen religii w myśli Martina Bubera
Authors: Jasiński Karol
Published: August 2018

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą analizy fenomenu religii w myśli Martina Bubera (+1965). Autor wychodzi od zasadniczego rozróżnienia obecnego u żydowskiego filozofa na religię (oparta na tradycji, kulcie i instytucji statyczna relacja do Boga) i religijność (żywe i kreatywne odniesienie do Boga poprzez świat). Następnie zostały zaprezentowane główne idee Bubera: uznanie religii za uwarunkowany historycznie wytwór człowieka; negacja roszczeń przedstawicieli konkretnych religii do ekskluzywizmu; deprecjacja teologii jako formy obiektywizacji żywego objawienia; negacja poznawczego aspektu religii; preferowanie wiary opartej na osobowym zaufaniu zamiast wiary bazującej na poznaniu prawdy o boskiej rzeczywistości; odrzucenie prawa religijnego; pojęcie monoteizmu i politeizmu jako życiowego punktu odniesienia się człowieka. Buber został zaprezentowany jako zwolennik akonfesyjnej religijności.
Aktualność historiozofii
Authors: Kieliszek Zdzisław
Published: August 2018

W artykule Aktualność historiozofii autor porusza problem aktualności filozofii dziejów. Tekst składa się z czterech części. W pierwszej części autor dokonuje krótkiego przeglądu wybranych przez siebie koncepcji historiozoficznych. Kolejno przybliżona zostaje myśl Tukidydesa, św. Augustyna, Georga W.F. Hegla, Karola Marksa, Oswalda Spenglera, Arnolda J. Toynbee’ego, Feliksa Konecznego, Francisa Fukuyamy oraz Samuela P. Huntingtona. Część druga artykułu jest poświęcona najważniejszym zarzutom, jakie we współczesnym dyskursie filozoficznym są wysuwane wobec myślenia historiozoficznego. Autor zwięźle omawia pięć zarzutów: 1. brak powodów, dla których należałoby rozwijać tradycję historiozoficzną; 2. zupełna nieprzewidywalność dziejów; 3. zbytni katastrofizm myślenia historiozoficznego; 4. ahistoryczna postawa współczesnego człowieka; 5. nie istnieje pozahistoryczna, jednolita i niezmienna rama odniesienia dla procesu dziejowego. W części trzeciej autor kolejno odpiera przywołane zarzuty, wskazując na ich najważniejsze słabe punkty. Przytoczone zostają ponadto odpowiednie kontrargumenty. W ostatniej części autor dokonuje podsumowania przeprowadzonych analiz. Dochodzi również do konkluzji, że problematyka historiozoficzna jest wciąż aktualna, a jej dalsze rozważanie jest celowe zarówno ze względów teoretycznych, jak i praktycznych.
Analiza porównawcza struktury literackiej i motywów teologicznych w J 2,1-12 i 20,1-18
Authors: Nalewaj Aleksandra
Published: August 2018

Przedmiotem pracy jest analiza porównawcza dwóch perykop z Ewangelii według św. Jana, a mianowicie opis cudu dokonanego przez Jezusa na weselu w Kanie Galilejskiej (2: 1-12) oraz opowieść o pustym grobie Jezusa, znalezionym w poranek wielkanocny (20 : 1-18). Punktem wyjścia badań jest sugestia przedstawiona przez P.F. Ellisa, że literacka struktura czwartej Ewangelii opiera się na paralelizmach. Zgodnie z tą koncepcją Ewangelia według św. Jana została skomponowana zgodnie z zasadami paralelizmu, znanymi w starożytnym świecie, a nie, jak wielu komentatorów uważa, według zasad narracji. Oznacza to, że św. Jan podzielił swą Ewangelię na dwadzieścia jeden jednostek w koncentrycznej strukturze abcb'a'. Środkiem całej struktury jest tekst 6: 16-21. W schemacie przedstawionym przez Ellisa, jednostka 2: 1-12 jest uzupełniona przez jednostkę 20: 1-18. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie istniejących powiązań literackich i teologicznych pomiędzy wskazanymi ewangelicznymi perykopami. Zdaniem autorki artykułu te powiązania świadczą o tym, że tekst Ewangelii według św. Jana został świadomie przez jej autora skomponowany zgodnie z zasadami paralelizmu.
Obraz moralny społeczeństwa chrześcijańskiego V wieku w świetle "De gubernatione Dei" Salwiana z Marsylii
Authors: Zgraja Brunon
Published: August 2018

Salwian z Marsylii, pomimo spornej oceny wartości jego twórczości literackiej, pozostaje dla nas źródłem informacji o cywilizacji piątego wieku, podczas gdy w jego głównym dziele literackim De gubernatione Dei zapoznaje nas z religijną kondycją chrześcijan swoich czasów, którzy zamieszkiwali Galię, Hiszpanię i Afrykę. Z analizy jego dzieła literackiego jasno wynika, że wierzący w Chrystusa uczestniczyli w pogańskich pokazach, zaniedbując w ten sposób swój udział w liturgii w dni świąteczne; nierzadko także czcili pogańskich bogów, prostytuowali się, jak i popełniali morderstwa. Dopuszczali się ponadto pijaństwa i obżarstwa. Co więcej, grzeszyli brakiem miłości do innych, niesprawiedliwością, chciwością, uciskiem ubogich, krzywoprzysięstwem, pychą, pogardą dla dobra, wrogością wobec tych, którzy prawdziwie czczą Boga, oraz dręczeniem mnichów i duchownych.
Życie niegodne życia? Krótka historia eutanazji
Authors: Machinek Marian
Published: August 2018

A historical analysis of a certain idea is not only attempt to reconstruct past events as accurately as possible, but it also aims at better understanding of current intellectual trends. The idea of euthanasia is the best example here. Old justifications to allow to kill on request appear in today’s discussions almost literally. First of all it is compassion for the ill and suffering and necessity to alleviate their excruciating pain. This argument seems to be so clear and evident that the supporters of euthanasia quote it in the first place. Suggestive propaganda, particularly in films and documentaries, which show the demand for euthanasia as a sign of despair or even courage, is to break the instinctive resistance of the society. But when euthanasia is legalized (or acknowledged as not a punishable act), personal autonomy arguments are promoted. The pseudo-right to terminate one’s own life is popularized. This right encapsulates not only suicidal death by the ill person himself, but also patients’ demands for the possibility to be legally killed by doctors within the health care system. Stressing the issue of costs and eugenic aspects only reinforces the impression of a rational and human-friendly decision. The fact that this expanding pro-euthanasia mentality threatens the foundations of our civilization is marginalized and omitted. This mentality recognizes human life as valuable and worthy living only under certain conditions, namely when it has a good quality.
„Mirabilia animalia” w „Nocach attyckich” Aulusa Gelliusza. Wybrane przykłady
Authors: Piechocka-Kłos Maria
Published: August 2018

Noce attyckie Aulusa Gelliusza są niezwykle cennym źródłem wiedzy o antyku, gdyż zawierają wiadomości dotyczące wielu aspektów życia codziennego starożytnego świata grecko-rzymskiego. Dzieło Gelliusza stanowi także wyjątkowy i wszechstronny materiał badawczy ze względu na zawarte w nim anegdotki, ciekawe i niezwykłe historyjki oraz opowieści. Głównym celem prezentowanej publikacji jest omówienie i przedstawienie treści wybranych rozdziałów, w których Gelliusz opisuje historie o zwierzętach. Punktem wyjścia dla badań prowadzonych nad wątkiem zwierząt, które pojawiają się w dziele Gelliusza, jest ich zauważalna niezwykłość. W niniejszym opracowaniu w kontekście mirabilia animalia przeanalizowano rozdział o koniu Aleksandra Wielkiego (5.2), opis konia sejańskiego (3.9) oraz historię o wężu o niespotykanej długości (7.3).
Mobilność akademicka jako fenomen „drenażu mózgów” we współczesnym szkolnictwie wyższym
Authors: Kyvliuk Olga , Svyrydenko Denys
Published: August 2018

Autorzy zbadali wyzwania „drenażu mózgów” w kontekście realizacji idei mobilności akademickiej w ukraińskim systemie szkolnictwa wyższego. Problem zbadany został pod względem dwóch pozycji metodologicznych. Po pierwsze, w kontekście ogólnoświatowych trendów globalizacji, co pozwoliło umieścić badany problem w skali światowej. Po drugie, w kontekście postkolonialnych (posttotalitarnych itp.), społeczno-kulturowych uwarunkowań dzisiejszej Ukrainy, który pozwolił uchwycić specyficzny wymiar badanego problemu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz autorzy wskazali kierunki do dalszych badań fenomenu utraty kapitału społecznego, który jest istotnym skutkiem realizowania programów mobilności akademickiej.
Krajobraz szkolnictwa jako wypadkowa koncepcji edukacji
Authors: Terepyshchyi Serhii
Published: August 2018

W artykule przeprowadzono analizę zależności krajobrazu szkolnictwa od przyjętej koncepcji edukacji. Zostały opisane cechy, które charakteryzują rzeczywistość edukacyjną: elastyczność, dynamiczność,  antropologiczność, przestrzenność, kompozycyjność, semantyczność, symboliczność, temporalność, rytmiczność, hybrydowość, kontekstualność, sytuacyjność. Krajobraz szkolnictwa został ukazany także jako ważne zjawisko społeczne, ogniskujące się wokół trzech wymiarów: podmiotowego („jednostki”), interpodmiotowego („społeczeństwa”) i symbolicznego („kultury”). Wyodrębniono również pięć głównych podejść do edukacji: indywidualne, typologiczne, metaforyczne, konstruktywistyczne oraz mitologiczne. Wskazano perspektywy dalszych badań w zakresie typologii oraz metod analizy krajobrazów szkolnictwa.
Egoizm rozumny jako ideowy obraz człowieka a stosunki ekonomiczne
Authors: Petinowa Oksana
Published: August 2018

Stosunki gospodarcze są jednym z ważniejszych składników tworzących kontekst egzystencji współczesnego człowieka. Oznacza to, że rozwiązanie pilnych problemów społecznych musi uzględniać mechanizmy rynkowe oraz aktualną sytuację ekonomiczną. Okazuje się ponadto, że za jeden z ważniejszych motywów, które skłaniają ludzi do podejmowania określonego działania, są obecnie często uważane względy ekonomiczne, czyli pragnienie osiągnięcia maksymalnego materialnego zysku, przy jednoczesnym dążeniu do minimalizowania strat. Przedmiotem artykułu jest wpływ na współczesne postrzeganie stosunków gospodarczych poglądów autorów (m.in. A. Smith, L. Valla, N. Machiavelli, Th. Hobbes, F. Bacon, B. Mandevil, Zh.Zh. Russo, Diderot, K. Gelvetsy i P.Golbah), którzy przedstawiają człowieka jako istotę rozumnie egoistyczną.
Oddziaływanie hellenizmu na antropologię chrześcijańską
Authors: Liszka Piotr
Published: August 2018

Bezsporny jest fakt oddziaływania hellenizmu na antropologię chrześcijańską. Dyskusja dotyczy tego, czy antropologia chrześcijańska odstąpiła od tradycji hebrajskiej i przyjęła wizję człowieka, proponowaną przez myśl grecką, czy tylko przyjęła słownictwo i w jakimś zakresie metodologię. Autor broni oryginalności antropologii Nowego Testamentu, zarówno w odniesieniu do myśli hebrajskiej, jak też myśli greckiej. Chrześcijanie korzystali z hellenistycznych źródeł, ale nieustanne starali się zachowywać ortodoksyjność, szczególnie w sytuacji korzystania z dorobku nurtu hellenistycznego. Konsekwencje soteriologiczne antropologii chrześcijańskiej idą dalej niż konsekwencje soteriologiczne antropologii hebrajskiej, ale też różnią się od tego, co oferuje soteriologia hellenistyczna.
Designing Information Product (IP) Maps On the Process of Data Processing and Academic Information
Authors: Effendi Diana
Published: August 2018

Information Product Approach (IP Approach) is an information management approach. It can be used to manage product information and data quality analysis. IP-Map can be used by organizations to facilitate the management of knowledge in collecting, storing, maintaining, and using the data in an organized. The  process of data management of academic activities in X University has not yet used the IP approach. X University has not given attention to the management of information quality of its. During this time X University just concern to system applications used to support the automation of data management in the process of academic activities. IP-Map that made in this paper can be used as a basis for analyzing the quality of data and information. By the IP-MAP, X University is expected to know which parts of the process that need improvement in the quality of data and information management.

 

Index term: IP Approach, IP-Map, information quality, data quality.

REFERENCES[1] H. Zhu, S. Madnick, Y. Lee, and R. Wang, “Data and Information Quality Research: Its Evolution and Future,” Working Paper, MIT, USA, 2012.[2] Lee, Yang W; at al, Journey To Data Quality, MIT Press: Cambridge, 2006.[3] L. Al-Hakim, Information Quality Management: Theory and Applications. Idea Group Inc (IGI), 2007.[4] “Access : A semiotic information quality framework: development and comparative analysis : Journal ofInformation Technology.” [Online]. Available: http://www.palgravejournals.com/jit/journal/v20/n2/full/2000038a.html. [Accessed: 18-Sep-2015].[5] Effendi, Diana, Pengukuran Dan Perbaikan Kualitas Data Dan Informasi Di Perguruan Tinggi MenggunakanCALDEA Dan EVAMECAL (Studi Kasus X University), Proceeding Seminar Nasional RESASTEK, 2012, pp.TIG.1-TI-G.6.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Kitosan Terhadap Mutu dan Lama Simpan pada Dua Tingkat Kematangan Pisang Raja Sereh (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Authors: Faozan Faozan , Sugiharto Bangbang Eka
Published: August 2018

Pisang merupakan salah satu tanaman buah yang mempunyai prospek cukup cerah disamping itu pisang menjadi buah tropis yang sangat populer di dunia, hal ini dikarenakan rasanya yang lezat, gizinya tinggi dan harganya relatif terjangkau. Peningkatan produksi belum cukup dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani, bila tidak dibarengi dengan penanganan pascapanen yang tepat. Mutu buah-buahan dan sayuran tidak dapat diperbaiki, tetapi dapat dipertahankan. Kitosan merupakan salah satu bahan pengawet buah-buahan sebagai pelapis yang dapat dimakan (edible coating) yang sekaligus memperpanjang lama simpan dengan menekan proses respirasi dan mengurangi penurunan bobot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (a) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi kitosan pada dua tingkat kematangan (Hijau tua dan Pecah warna) terhadap lama simpan dan mutu buah pisang, (b) Untuk mengetahui berapa konsentrasi kitosan yang terbaik untuk memperpanjang lama simpan dan mempertahankan mutu pada dua tingkat kematangan (Hijau tua dan Pecah warna) buah pisang. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan terdiri dari 5 taraf konsentrasi pemberian kitosan yaitu 0% (kontrol), 1%, 1,5%, 2% dan 2,5% yang diberikan pada dua tingkat kematangan yaitu Hijau tua dan Pecah warna sehingga terdapat 10 kombinasi perlakuan dan masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Terdapat pengaruh yang nyata terhadap konsentrasi kitosan pada dua tingkat kematangan terhadap lama simpan, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap susut bobot dan kadar vitamin C, (2) Konsentrasi kitosan 1 % pada tingkat kematangan Hijau Tua dan Pecah warna memberikan pengaruh lama simpan terlama.
Pengaruh Beberapa Dosis Pupuk NPK Majemuk terhadap Produksi Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa, L.) Varietas Ciherang
Authors: Sumarna Pandu
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis pupuk NPK majemuk terhadap peningkatan produksi, serta pada tingkat dosis pupuk NPK majemuk berapa dapat menghasilkan produksi padi sawah (Oryza sativa, L.) varietas Ciherang yang paling tinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), yang teridiri dari tiga ulangan dan lima buah perlakuan yaitu dosis pupuk NPK majemuk (tanpa pupuk NPK, 200 kg NPK/ha, 300 kg NPK/ha, 400 kg NPK/ha, dan 500 kg NPK/ha). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa pemberian pupuk NPK majemuk dapat meningkatkan produksi padi sawah (Oryza sativa, L.) varietas Ciherang. Dari hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk NPK majemuk 400 kg/ha dapat menghasilkan produksi padi sawah (Oryza sativa, L.) varietas Ciherang tertinggi yaitu 4,7 ton / ha GKP
CONTRATO DE LOCAÇÃO DE SHOPPING CENTER
Authors: Oliveira Bruna Sant’Ana , De  Abreu Luciana Maria
Published: August 2018

É inquestionável a presença dos shoppings Centers nos dias de hoje. Sua estrutura atende perfeitamente às exigências da sociedade moderna, que busca cada vez mais suprir sua necessidade consumista de forma prática e cômoda. Tal centro comercial constitui fato jurídico novo decorrente de criativas e modernas técnicas de venda, que alinham praticidade, lazer, segurança e conforto. Amparado por essa visão, o empreendedor projeta, constrói e gerencia todo esse complexo, almejando, através de um sistema de contrapartida com o lojista, a potencialização da circulação de produtos, serviços e, claro, do consequente lucro. Assim, o shopping center é formado por um universo de contratos interempresariais individualmente firmado entre lojista e empreendedor que cede o uso e fruição de espaços situados no centro comercial àqueles, em troca de renumeração e condições próprias de tal empreendimento. O artigo traz como objetivo a mitigação da liberdade contratual decorrente das poucas e nebulosas palavras trazidas pela lei 8245/91, através de uma melhor atuação do judiciário para corrigir os abusos existentes em tão complexa relação contratual. Acaba-se por ressaltar, também, medidas extrajudiciais que podem ser tomadas pelos próprios lojistas para tentar o equilíbrio satisfatório da relação, enquanto não se vislumbra publicação da norma pertinente. Assim, conclui- se que, através de uma mitigação da liberdade auferida aos empreendedores, é possível solidificar a relação em comento, de uma forma sadia, livre de abusos e, capaz de garantir a prosperidade do empreendedor, do lojista, do centro em si e da economia nacional.
A FILIAÇÃO SOCIOAFETIVA E SEUS REFLEXOS NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Siqueira Tamiris Aparecida Rangel , Pinto Ricardo Spinelli
Published: August 2018

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a relevância da filiação socioafetiva e discutir os reflexos do seu reconhecimento no sistema jurídico brasileiro. Devido às mudanças sociais ocorridas na sociedade, o Direito de Família passou a valorizar os laços afetivos existentes entre pais e filhos, e passou a reconhecer uma nova modalidade de filiação, a filiação socioafetiva. Filiação socioafetiva é aquela filiação pautada na convivência familiar, na solidariedade, no amor entre pais e filhos, sem que exista necessariamente vínculo biológico ou jurídico entre eles. Apresenta-se em diversas situações, como na adoção legal, na adoção à brasileira, nos filhos de criação e nos filhos provenientes de técnicas de reprodução assistida heteróloga. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através do estudo teórico de doutrinas, e de jurisprudências a respeito do tema em pauta. O reconhecimento da filiação socioafetiva gera efeitos pessoais e efeitos que vão além da relação entre pais e filhos, como no caso da inelegibilidade do filho socioafetivo. Assim, o Supremo Tribunal Federal reconheceu a repercussão geral do tema da prevalência ou não dessa modalidade de filiação. A criação da Lei 11.924/2009 que autorizou o acréscimo do patronímico do padrasto ou madrasta no registro de nascimento é um reflexo que a filiação socioafetiva ocasionou na legislação. E a multiparentalidade, é uma direção que aos poucos tem sido tomada pelos operadores de direitos a fim de dar efetividade a todos os laços afetivos existentes no âmbito familiar.
O PROCESSO DE INSERÇÃO DE PESSOAS COM NECESSIDADES ESPECIAIS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Ribeiro Geisiane Tassinari , Ferreira André , Rodrigues Luiz Carlos
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, por meio de estudo de caso, as dificuldades na contratação de mão de obra com necessidades especiais, as ações empreendidas e o que ainda necessita ser feito por uma empresa, situada no Sul Fluminense, visando se adequar e cumprir os requisitos da Lei de Cotas. Na revisão teórica, aborda-se a definição de deficiência e seus tipos para que se enquadrem na lei de reserva de vagas no mercado de trabalho, a legislação que assegura os direitos das pessoas com necessidades especiais e as técnicas de recrutamento, seleção e práticas de retenção de PcNE. Para a coleta de dados, foram aplicados de questionários a 8 gestores e 8 colegas de trabalho de funcionários deficientes e reabilitados, e realizada entrevistas com os responsáveis das áreas de relações industriais, recrutamento e seleção e medicina do trabalho. Os resultados indicam que as práticas atuais realizadas pela empresa para a inclusão social são mínimas e objetivam apenas o cumprimento da Lei de Cotas, verificando-se também que não há campanhas de socialização ou integração dos funcionários com deficiência com os demais setores da organização. Concluiu-se, a partir dos dados coletados, que é necessário um processo organizacional que estimule a quebra de preconceitos e sensibilização da sociedade da qual a PcNE está inserido, e que incluir pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho deve ser um processo planejado e ocorrer de dentro para fora da organização.
Biosafety of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Rascol Estelle , Pisani Cédric , Dorandeu Christophe , Nyalosaso Jeff L. , Charnay Clarence , Daurat Morgane , Da Silva Afitz , Devoisselle Jean-Marie , Gaillard Jean-Charles , Armengaud Jean , Prat Odette , Maynadier Marie , Gary-Bobo Magali , Garcia Marcel , Chopineau Joël , Guari Yannick
Published: August 2018

Careful analysis of any new nanomedicine device or disposal should be undertaken to comprehensively characterize the new product before application, so that any unintended side effect is minimized. Because of the increasing number of nanotechnology-based drugs, we can anticipate that regulatory authorities might adapt the approval process for nanomedicine products due to safety concerns, e.g., request a more rigorous testing of the potential toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). Currently, the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as drug delivery systems is challenged by a lack of data on the toxicological profile of coated or non-coated MSN. In this context, we have carried out an extensive study documenting the influence of different functionalized MSN on the cellular internalization and in vivo behaviour. In this article, a synthesis of these works is reviewed and the perspectives are drawn. The use of magnetic MSN (Fe3O4@MSN) allows an efficient separation of coated NPs from cell cultures with a simple magnet, leading to results regarding corona formation without experimental bias. Our interest is focused on the mechanism of interaction with model membranes, the adsorption of proteins in biological fluids, the quantification of uptake, and the effect of such NPs on the transcriptomic profile of hepatic cells that are known to be readily concerned by NPs’ uptake in vivo, especially in the case of an intravenous injection.
Visually Attractive and High-Power-Retention Solar Modules by Coloring with Automotive Paints
Authors: Masuda Taizo , Kudo Yuki , Banerjee Debasish
Published: August 2018

The automotive painting technique is highly advantageous for coloring solar modules, because it enables the modules to be visually attractive over a large area, numerous colors can be applied, and they are highly durable. Herein, we present a high-performance solar module colored using an automotive painting technique. We coated a dilute automotive pigment, the high-transmittance mica pigment, with a clear coat material on a crystalline Si solar module to generate blue color. Our measurements show that a pigment weight concentration of around 10% with the mica pigment is suitable for painting the solar modules, because it enables visual attractiveness while retaining over 80% of the output power, compared to the original solar module. We believe that the technique proposed herein can considerably increase the installable area of solar modules on a car body.
Effect of Ionic Compounds of Different Valences on the Stability of Titanium Oxide Colloids
Authors: Muráth Szabolcs , Sáringer Szilárd , Somosi Zoltán , Szilágyi István
Published: August 2018

Titanium oxide particles of various morphologies have been prepared for applications of scientific or industrial interest in recent decades. Besides development of novel synthetic routes and solid-state characterization of the obtained particles, colloidal stability of titanium oxide dispersions was the focus of numerous research groups due to the high importance of this topic in applications in heterogeneous systems. The influence of dissolved ionic compounds, including monovalent salts, multivalent ions and polyelectrolytes, on the charging and aggregation behaviour of titanium oxide materials of spherical and elongated structures will be discussed in the present review.
Genetic Algorithm Based Optimization of Wing Rotation in Hover
Authors: Gehrke Alexander , De Guyon-Crozier Guillaume , Mulleners Karen
Published: August 2018

The pitching kinematics of an experimental hovering flapping wing setup are optimized by means of a genetic algorithm. The pitching kinematics of the setup are parameterized with seven degrees of freedom to allow for complex non-linear and non-harmonic pitching motions. Two optimization objectives are considered. The first objective is maximum stroke average efficiency, and the second objective is maximum stroke average lift. The solutions for both optimization scenarios converge within less than 30 generations based on the evaluation of their fitness. The pitching kinematics of the best individual of the initial and final population closely resemble each other for both optimization scenarios, but the optimal kinematics differ substantially between the two scenarios. The most efficient pitching motion is smoother and closer to a sinusoidal pitching motion, whereas the highest lift-generating pitching motion has sharper edges and is closer to a trapezoidal motion. In both solutions, the rotation or pitching motion is advanced with respect to the sinusoidal stroke motion. Velocity field measurements at selected phases during the flapping motions highlight why the obtained solutions are optimal for the two different optimization objectives. The most efficient pitching motion is characterized by a nearly constant and relatively low effective angle of attack at the start of the half stroke, which supports the formation of a leading edge vortex close to the airfoil surface, which remains bound for most of the half stroke. The highest lift-generating pitching motion has a larger effective angle of attack, which leads to the generation of a stronger leading edge vortex and higher lift coefficient than in the efficiency optimized scenario.
Understanding the Needs of Veterans with PTSD
Authors: Murphy Dominic M. , Busuttil Walter , Turgoose David
Published: August 2018

n/a
Analysis of the Process Parameter Influence in Laser Cladding of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Alvarez Piera , Montealegre M. Ángeles , Pulido-Jiménez Jose F. , Arrizubieta Jon Iñaki
Published: August 2018

Laser Cladding is one of the leading processes within Additive Manufacturing technologies, which has concentrated a considerable amount of effort on its development. In regard to the latter, the current study aims to summarize the influence of the most relevant process parameters in the laser cladding processing of single and compound volumes (solid forms) made from AISI 316L stainless steel powders and using a coaxial nozzle for their deposition. Process speed, applied laser power and powder flow are considered to be the main variables affecting the laser cladding in single clads, whereas overlap percentage and overlapping strategy also become relevant when dealing with multiple clads. By setting appropriate values for each process parameter, the main goal of this paper is to develop a processing window in which a good metallurgical bond between the delivered powder and the substrate is obtained, trying simultaneously to maintain processing times at their lowest value possible. Conventional metallography techniques were performed on the cross sections of the laser tracks to measure the effective dimensions of clads, height and width, as well as the resulting dilution value. Besides the influence of the overlap between contiguous clads and layers, physical defects such as porosity and cracks were also evaluated. Optimum process parameters to maximize productivity were defined as 13 mm/s, 2500 W, 30% of overlap and a 25 g/min powder feed rate.
Analysis of Force Signals for the Estimation of Surface Roughness during Robot-Assisted Polishing
Authors: De Agustina Beatriz , Marín Marta , Teti Roberto , Rubio Eva
Published: August 2018

In this study feature extraction of force signals detected during robot-assisted polishing processes was carried out to estimate the surface roughness during the process. The purpose was to collect significant features from the signal that allow the determination of the end point of the polishing process based on surface roughness. For this objective, dry polishing turning tests were performed on a Robot-Assisted Polishing (RAP) machine (STRECON NanoRAP 200) during three polishing sessions, using the same polishing conditions. Along the tests, force signals were acquired and offline surface roughness measurements were taken at the end of each polishing session. As a main conclusion, it can be affirmed, regarding the force signal, that features extracted from both time and frequency domains are valuable data for the estimation of surface roughness.
Environmental Impacts of Engineered Nanomaterials—Imbalances in the Safety Assessment of Selected Nanomaterials
Authors: Kühnel Dana , Krug Harald F. , Jemec Kokalj Anita
Published: August 2018

n/a
Improvement in Luminous Efficacy and Thermal Performance Using Quantum Dots Spherical Shell for White Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Songmao , Yan Caiman , Tang Yong , Li Jiasheng , Ding Xinrui , Rao Longshi , Li Zongtao
Published: August 2018

White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on quantum dots (QDs) are gaining increasing attention due to their excellent color quality. QDs films with planar structure are universally applied in WLEDs for color conversion, while they still face great challenges in high light extraction and thermal stability. In this study, a QDs film with a spherical shell structure was proposed to improve the optical and thermal performance for WLEDs. Compared with the conventional planar structure, the luminous efficacy of the QDs spherical shell structure is improved by 12.9% due to the reduced total reflection effect, and the angular-dependent correlated color temperature deviation is decreased from 2642 to 283 K. Moreover, the highest temperature of the WLED using a QDs spherical shell is 4.8 °C lower than that of the conventional WLED with a planar structure, which is mainly attributed to larger heat dissipation area and separated heat source. Consequently, this QDs spherical shell structure demonstrates superior performance of QDs films for WLEDs applications.
Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk for Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Jang Hyeonjeong , Chung Min Sung , Kang Shin Sook , Park Yongsoon
Published: August 2018

The dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been associated with breast cancer incidence and survival. However, the association between DII and cancer recurrence and mortality among patients with breast cancer has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether DII was positively associated with risk for cancer recurrence and overall mortality among patients with breast cancer. Among 511 women (51.9 ± 10.7 years; stage 0–3) who underwent breast cancer surgery, 88 had cancer recurrence, and 44 died during follow–up until 213 months (average disease free survival of 84.3 ± 42.4 months and overall survival of 69.3 ± 38.9 months). The DII assessed after surgery (5.4 ± 5.2 months after diagnosis) was significantly higher in patients with recurrence than those without recurrence, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that it was positively associated with the risk for cancer recurrence (hazard ratio (HR) 2.347, confidence interval (CI) 1.17–4.71) and overall mortality (HR 3.049, CI 1.08–8.83) after adjusting for confounding factors. Disease-free survival and overall survival rates were significantly lower in patients with higher DII scores. In addition, the DII was positively associated with the risk for cancer recurrence according to prognostic factors, such as age (<50 years), premenopausal status, body mass index (≥25 kg/m2), HR+, tumor size (>2 cm), and presence of lymph node metastasis. The present study showed that anti-inflammatory diets may decrease the risk of cancer recurrence and overall mortality in patients with breast cancer, particularly those with prognostic factors, such as younger age, premenopausal status, obesity, HR+ breast cancer, tumor size >2 cm, and presence of lymph node metastasis.
Elucidating Tricin-Lignin Structures: Assigning Correlations in HSQC Spectra of Monocot Lignins
Authors: Lan Wu , Yue Fengxia , Rencoret Jorge , Del Río José Carlos , Boerjan Wout , Lu Fachuang , Ralph John
Published: August 2018

Tricin [5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one] is a flavone that has been found to be incorporated in grass lignin polymers via 4′–O–β coupling. Herein, we investigated the tricin-lignin structure using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods by comparing the 1H–13C heteronuclear correlation (HSQC) NMR spectra of the isolated lignin with a series of dimeric and trimeric tricin-4′–O–β-ether model compounds. Results showed that the tricin moiety significantly affects the chemical shift of the Cβ/Hβ of 4′–O–β unit, producing peaks at around δC/δH 82.5–83.5/4.15–4.45, that differ from the Cβ/Hβ correlations from normal 4–O–β units formed solely by monolignols, and that have to date been unassigned.
Performance Evaluation of the Physical and Combustion Properties of Briquettes Produced from Agro-Wastes and Wood Residues
Authors: Falemara Babajide Charles , Joshua Victoria Ibukun , Aina Oluwaseyi Oluwafunmi , Nuhu Rivi David
Published: August 2018

This study investigated the physical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from agricultural wastes (groundnut shells and corn cobs), wood residues (Anogeissus leiocarpus), and mixture of the particles at 15%, 20%, and 25% starch levels (binder). A 6 × 3 factorial experiments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted for the study. The briquettes produced were analyzed for density, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, and specific heat of combustion. The result revealed that the density ranged from 0.44 g/cm3 to 0.53 g/cm3, while briquettes produced from groundnut shells had the highest (0.53 g/cm3) significant mean density. Mean volatile matter and ash content of the briquettes ranged from 24.35% to 34.95% and 3.37% to 4.91%. A. leiocarpus and corn cobs particles had the lowest and highest ash content, respectively. The briquette fixed carbon and specific heat of combustion ranged from 61.68% to 68.97% and 7362 kcal/kg to 8222 kcal/kg, respectively. Briquette produced from A. leiocarpus particles had the highest specific heat of combustion. In general, briquettes produced from A. leiocarpus particles and mixture of groundnut shell and A. leiocarpus particles at 25% starch level had better quality in terms of density and combustion properties and thus are suitable as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source.
Detection of Temporary Flooded Vegetation Using Sentinel-1 Time Series Data
Authors: Tsyganskaya Viktoriya , Martinis Sandro , Marzahn Philip , Ludwig Ralf
Published: August 2018

The C-band Sentinel-1 satellite constellation enables the continuous monitoring of the Earth’s surface within short revisit times. Thus, it provides Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) time series data that can be used to detect changes over time regardless of daylight or weather conditions. Within this study, a time series classification approach is developed for the extraction of the flood extent with a focus on temporary flooded vegetation (TFV). This method is based on Sentinel-1 data, as well as auxiliary land cover information, and combines a pixel-based and an object-oriented approach. Multi-temporal characteristics and patterns are applied to generate novel times series features, which represent a basis for the developed approach. The method is tested on a study area in Namibia characterized by a large flood event in April 2017. Sentinel-1 times series were used for the period between September 2016 and July 2017. It is shown that the supplement of TFV areas to the temporary open water areas prevents the underestimation of the flood area, allowing the derivation of the entire flood extent. Furthermore, a quantitative evaluation of the generated flood mask was carried out using optical Sentinel-2 images, whereby it was shown that overall accuracy increased by 27% after the inclusion of the TFV.
When Should the Emphasis on Schistosomiasis Control Move to Elimination?
Authors: Secor W. Evan , Colley Daniel G.
Published: August 2018

The stated goal of the World Health Organization’s program on schistosomiasis is paraphrased as follows: to control morbidity and eliminate transmission where feasible. Switching from a goal of controlling morbidity to interrupting transmission may well be currently feasible in some countries in the Caribbean, some areas in South America, northern Africa, and selected endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa where there have been improvements in sanitation and access to clean water. However, in most of sub-Saharan Africa, where programmatic interventions still consist solely of annual mass drug administration, such a switch in strategies remains premature. There is a continued need for operational research on how best to reduce transmission to a point where interruption of transmission may be achievable. The level of infection at which it is feasible to transition from control to elimination must also be defined. In parallel, there is also a need to develop and evaluate approaches for achieving and validating elimination. There are currently neither evidence-based methods nor tools for breaking transmission or verifying that it has been accomplished. The basis for these statements stems from numerous studies that will be reviewed and summarized in this article; many, but not all of which were undertaken as part of SCORE, the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation.
Effect of Porous Baffles on the Energy Performance of Contact Tanks in Water Treatment
Authors: Kizilaslan M. Anil , Demirel Ender , Aral Mustafa M.
Published: August 2018

Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the effect of porous baffles on the efficiency of water treatment contact tanks. A second-order accurate numerical model is employed for the solutions of unsteady flow and tracer transport through the porous baffles. The flow through the porous medium is characterized while using the Darcy-Forchheimer relationship. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model is used to simulate the instantaneous mixing of the tracer in the chambers of the contact tank. Three different porosities are considered to evaluate the effect of porosity on the hydraulic and mixing efficiencies of the contact tank. Simulated time-averaged flow field shows that porous baffles that are placed at the entrance of each chamber could successfully mitigate short-circuiting and yield plug-flow conditions through the system for low porosities. Flow in the contact tank becomes laminar as the flow velocities decrease due to viscous effects and inertial resistance in the porous zone. For this case, the tracer is transported with bulk flow through the system and leaves the contact tank with a high peak seen in the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) plot. Porous layer increases the hydraulic efficiency of the conventional design from “poor” to “good” according to the baffling factor and increases the overall efficiency from “compromising” to “good” according to the AD index. Comparison of the performance of the porous layer with the previously developed slot-baffle design shows that the slot-baffle design increases the efficiency of the tank with increasing dispersion effects, whereas the porous design increases hydraulic efficiency and reduces the dispersion effects. While the porous design reduces energy efficiency by 33% due to a drastic increase in drag in the flow through porous zone, the slot-baffle design increases the energy efficiency of the conventional design by 67%.
Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Soil Erosion in the Xihe River Basin, China
Authors: Guo Shanshan , Zhu Zhengru , Lyu Leting
Published: August 2018

Climate change and human activities are the major factors affecting runoff and sediment load. We analyzed the inter-annual variation trends of the annual rainfall, air temperature, runoff and sediment load in the Xihe River Basin from 1969–2015. Pettitt’s test and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model were used to detect sudden changes in hydro-meteorological variables and simulate the basin hydrological cycle, respectively. According to the simulation results, we explored spatial distribution of soil erosion in the watershed by utilizing ArcGIS10.0, analyzed the average soil erosion modulus by different types of land use, and quantified the contributions of climate change and human activities to runoff and sediment load in changes. The results showed that: (1) From 1969–2015, both rainfall and air temperature increased, and air temperature increased significantly (p < 0.01) at 0.326 °C/10 a (annual). Runoff and sediment load decreased, and sediment load decreased significantly (p < 0.01) at 1.63 × 105 t/10 a. In 1988, air temperature experienced a sudden increased and sediment load decreased. (2) For runoff, R2 and Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (Ens) were 0.92 and 0.91 during the calibration period and 0.90 and 0.87 during the validation period, for sediment load, R2 and Ens were 0.60 and 0.55 during the calibration period and 0.70 and 0.69 during the validation period, meeting the model’s applicability requirements. (3) Soil erosion was worse in the upper basin than other regions, and highest in cultivated land. Climate change exacerbates runoff and sediment load with overall contribution to the total change of −26.54% and −8.8%, respectively. Human activities decreased runoff and sediment load with overall contribution to the total change of 126.54% and 108.8% respectively. The variation of runoff and sediment load in the Xihe River Basin is largely caused by human activities.
Evaluation of dispersion type metal···π arene interaction in arylbismuth compounds – an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Preda Ana-Maria , Krasowska Małgorzata , Wrobel Lydia , Kitschke Philipp , Andrews Phil C , MacLellan Jonathan G , Mertens Lutz , Korb Marcus , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Auer Alexander A , Mehring Michael
Published: August 2018

The dispersion type Bi···π arene interaction is one of the important structural features in the assembly process of arylbismuth compounds. Several triarylbismuth compounds and polymorphs are discussed and compared based on the analysis of single crystal X-ray diffraction data and computational studies. First, the crystal structures of polymorphs of Ph3Bi (1) are described emphasizing on the description of London dispersion type bismuth···π arene interactions and other van der Waals interactions in the solid state and the effect of it on polymorphism. For comparison we have chosen the substituted arylbismuth compounds (C6H4-CH═CH2-4)3Bi (2), (C6H4-OMe-4)3Bi (3), (C6H3-t-Bu2-3,5)3Bi (4) and (C6H3-t-Bu2-3,5)2BiCl (5). The structural analyses revealed that only two of them show London dispersion type bismuth···π arene interactions. One of them is the styryl derivative 2, for which two polymorphs were isolated. Polymorph 2a crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, while polymorph 2b exhibits the monoclinic space group P21/c. The general structure of 2a is similar to the monoclinic C2/c modification of Ph3Bi (1a), which leads to the formation of zig-zag Bi–arenecentroid ribbons formed as a result of bismuth···π arene interactions and π···π intermolecular contacts. In the crystal structures of the polymorph 2b as well as for 4 bismuth···π arene interactions are not observed, but both compounds revealed C–HPh···π intermolecular contacts, as likewise observed in all of the three described polymorphs of Ph3Bi. For compound 3 intermolecular contacts as a result of coordination of the methoxy group to neighboring bismuth atoms are observed overruling Bi···π arene contacts. Compound 5 shows a combination of donor acceptor Bi···Cl and Bi···π arene interactions, resulting in an intermolecular pincer-type coordination at the bismuth atom. A detailed analysis of three polymorphs of Ph3Bi (1), which were chosen as model systems, at the DFT-D level of theory supported by DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations reveals how van der Waals interactions between different structural features balance in order to stabilize molecular arrangements present in the crystal structure. Furthermore, the computational results allow to group this class of compounds into the range of heavy main group element compounds which have been characterized as dispersion energy donors in previous work.
A Criterion for the Onset of Chaos in Systems of Two Eccentric Planets
Authors: Hadden Sam , Lithwick Yoram
Published: August 2018

We derive a criterion for the onset of chaos in systems consisting of two massive, eccentric, coplanar planets. Given the planets’ masses and separation, the criterion predicts the critical eccentricity above which chaos is triggered. Chaos occurs where mean motion resonances overlap, as in Wisdom's pioneering work. But whereas Wisdom considered the overlap of first-order resonances only, limiting the applicability of his criterion to nearly circular planets, we extend his results to arbitrarily eccentric planets (up to crossing orbits) by examining resonances of all orders. We thereby arrive at a simple expression for the critical eccentricity. We do this first for a test particle in the presence of a planet and then generalize to the case of two massive planets, based on a new approximation to the Hamiltonian. We then confirm our results with detailed numerical simulations. Finally, we explore the extent to which chaotic two-planet systems eventually result in planetary collisions.
Effect of the Inclusion of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints on the Wrist Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: van Dijkhuizen E.H. Pieter , Vanoni Federica , Magnano Gian Michele , Magnaguagno Francesca , Rosendahl Karen , van Rossum Marion A. , Martini Alberto , Malattia Clara ,   and the OMERACT Working Group MRI in JIA
Published: August 2018

Objective.

To extend the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score for assessment of wrist synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) by inclusion of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, and to compare the metric properties of the original and the extended score.

Methods.

Wrist MRI of 70 patients with JIA were scored by 3 independent readers according to (1) the wrist component of the rheumatoid arthritis MRI synovitis score (comprising distal radioulnar, radiocarpal, and combined midcarpal and carpometacarpal joints); and (2) an extended score including the MCP joints. Thirty-eight patients had a 1-year MRI followup. The concordance between the readers [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% limits of agreement (LOA), and weighted Cohen’s κ], correlations with clinical variables (Spearman’s ϱ), and the sensitivity to change [standardized response mean (SRM)] were calculated for both scores.

Results.

The interreader agreement was moderate for the original score (ICC 0.77; 95% CI 0.68–0.84) and good for the extended score (ICC 0.86; 95% CI 0.80–0.91). Using 95% LOA, the aggregate score variability was less favorable with relatively wide LOA. Weighted Cohen’s κ of the individual joints indicated good agreement for the original score and good to excellent agreement for the extended score. Correlations with clinical variables reflecting disease activity improved for the extended score and its SRM was higher compared to that of the original score.

Conclusion.

The extended score showed better reliability, construct validity, and sensitivity to change than the original. Inclusion of the MCP joints should be considered for a more accurate assessment of disease activity and treatment efficacy in JIA.