bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possíveis aplicações de método não destrutivo (MND) na construção civil: tubulação de rede de água e esgoto
Authors: Torrecilha Edna Pereira , Gonçalves Leonardo dos Reis , Ramos Luis Flávio Araújo , Carmo Rafael Rodrigues do , Chagas Rafael Waldoredo , Melara José Francisco
Published: October 2024

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma síntese das principais aplicações de método não destrutivo (MND) na instalação e manutenção de redes de água e esgoto, assim como as vantagens técnicas, econômicas e ambientais dessa operação. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a viabilidade e benefícios do MND em aplicações como direcionamento horizontal, cravação e fratura hidráulica dentro dos projetos de infraestrutura urbana. A metodologia de trabalho é um levantamento bibliográfico, sendo essa uma abordagem qualitativa apoiada em artigos científicos e materiais de mídia. Os resultados mostraram que o MND se adapta a diversas condições de solo e ambientes urbanos, reduzindo o tempo de execução das obras e minimizando interrupções nos serviços públicos. Entretanto, pontuamos três principais pontos que se mostram como desafios a popularização do MND: o desconhecimento das tecnologias não-destrutivas e das análises de custos, a necessidade de formação de mão de obra qualificada para implementação desse método e resistência à mudança. Dentro do mercado, as novas tecnologias desenvolvidas, assim como os métodos tradicionais de abertura de vala competem financeiramente com o MND. Conclui-se que os MND são viáveis e vantajosos, mas enfrentam barreiras significativas com as políticas públicas e incentivos governamentais. A colaboração entre academia e indústria é essencial para promover a adoção desse método, mais econômico, menos poluente e tão necessário num momento de desgaste ambiental.
Non Operative Management of Complicated Appendicitis with Broad Spectrum Antibiotics in a Paediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Vohra Vansh , Jain Jyoti , Goel Dipesh , Kareemulla Shaik , Dagar Wandeep
Published: October 2024

The therapy for complicated appendicitis presents a clinical challenge, as it is characterised by inflammation with a contained or localised perforation that results in the formation of an abscess. This case report describes the presentation, diagnosis, and effective non operative management of a 14-year-old girl with acute complex appendicitis. Investigations and clinical examination confirmed the presence of an appendicular abscess in the patient, who exhibited characteristic symptoms. The treatment course adhered to the Ochsner-Sherren protocol, which included fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, and a Nil Per Oral (NPO) status. An ultrasound-guided aspiration of periappendicular pus indicated that an empirical upgrade to Piperacillin + Tazobactam was necessary. The patient showed improvement in all symptoms, including fever and abscess resolution, after the switch in antibiotics. This case adds to the increasing body of research that supports non operative therapy for complex appendicitis, particularly when assisted by diagnostic tools such as ultrasonography. The decision to forego emergency surgery aligns with current evidence advocating for conservative strategies, which demonstrate higher success rates and lower risks of postoperative complications. Although appendectomy remains the preferred treatment for perforated appendicitis without an abscess, this case highlights the viability and effectiveness of non operative interventions in certain situations. This report emphasises the significance of customised treatment strategies based on patient presentation and clinical response, contributing to the ongoing discussion regarding the best therapy for complex appendicitis.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Postoperative Mortality Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy Performed for Malignancy: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Demirelli Salih , Tez Mesut , YÃ¼ksek Yunus Nadi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has been the primary curative-intent surgical option for resectable periampullary tumours. Despite advancements in relevant surgical techniques, PD-related morbidity and mortality rates continue to remain high. Therefore, the preoperative identification of high-risk patients is vital for tailoring PD approaches to the individual patient. Aim: To assess early postoperative morbidity and mortality following PD in a tertiary centre in Turkey and identify the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, single-centre study conducted in the General Surgery Clinics of Ankara Numune Training and Education Hospital in Ankara, Turkey included a population of 64 patients undergoing PD for malignant periampullary tumours between May 2010 and May 2014. Patients’ demographic, clinical and intraoperative data were collected. The primary outcome of the study was the 30- day postoperative mortality rate. Pearson’s Chi-square, Fisher’sexact and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were used to compare differences in categorical variables between the groups. Results: The study sample consisted of 64 patients with a mean age of 60.1±12.4 years. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate in the sample was 18.75%. Non survivors were significantly older (age >70 years) (p=0.006), had significantly higher American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classes (>III) (p=0.008), had significantly lower Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratios (NLR) (<2.5) (p<0.001) and had significantly lower serum albumin levels (<3.5 g/dL) (p=0.038) compared to survivors. The rate of patients experiencing intraoperative blood loss exceeding 1000 mL and consequently the median number of blood units transfused, was significantly higher in non survivors than in survivors (p<0.009 and p<0.001, respectively). Similarly, overall and major complications were significantly more common in non survivors than in survivors (p=0.002 and p=0.012, respectively). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that a higher ASA class, older age, lower NLR, hypoalbuminemia, higher intraoperative blood loss, the need for blood transfusion and postoperative complications were associated with increased 30-day mortality after PD.
Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D and IL-1ß in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Healthy Subjects: A Research Protocol
Authors: Chhattani Hrishika Jawaharlal , Panchbhai Aarti
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous immune-mediated disease that has been classified as a Potentially Malignant Disorder (PMD). The aetiology of OLP needs further exploration. Research indicates that the immune system plays a pivotal role in the progression of OLP. Need for the study: Vitamin D regulates the suppression of Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) production within the epithelium and its insufficiency may play a role in the development of OLP. Aim: To evaluate and compare the serum concentrations of IL-1β and Vitamin D in patients affected by OLP and in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A case-control study will be conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, located in Maharashtra, India, from August 2024 to August 2026. Patients who present to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology and express willingness to participate will be enrolled in the study. Each patient will undergo a comprehensive clinical examination and provide written consent after being informed about the study. A thorough intraoral clinical assessment of the lesions will be conducted. Once a patient is clinically diagnosed with OLP, serum sample collection will be performed. Similarly, healthy subjects who are willing to participate in the study will also undergo sample collection. The median cubital vein will be punctured to obtain 2.5 mL of blood under aseptic conditions. The electrochemiluminescence-binding assay will then be conducted to quantify the total amounts of 25- hydroxy vitamin D and Interleukin-1 beta. After sample collection, patients with OLP will be educated and counseled regarding the treatment of OLP and habit cessation. Statistical analysis will be performed using an unpaired t-test, with a p-value considered significant at a 5% level of significance.
Use of Levosimendan in Right Ventricular Dysfunction due to Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Research Protocol
Authors: Mudiganti VNK Srinivas , Singam Amol Prakash , Chiwhane Anjalee , Kakara Sneha
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Sepsis is a clinical condition that results from infection and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which can progress to severe sepsis and septic shock. This condition leads to myocardial dysfunction and increased mortality rates, particularly in cases of septic shock. Inotropic agents are beneficial in improving cardiac contractility and cardiac output in septic shock. Need for the study: It is important to address myocardial dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock, as these conditions significantly contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. Calcium desensitisation is a key factor in the pathophysiology of septic myocardial depression, leading to impaired cardiac function. Levosimendan, a novel calcium sensitiser, offers a promising therapeutic option due to its unique pharmacologic and biologic profile. By enhancing calcium sensitivity in cardiac myocytes, levosimendan may improve cardiac function without the detrimental side-effects associated with traditional inotropic agents. Aim: The research protocol was planned with an aim to analyse the impact of intravenous levosimendan on Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients with septic shock. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study aims to assess the effect of levosimendan on the improvement of RV dysfunction in patients with septic shock who are admitted to the intensive care unit of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, DMIHER (DU) Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India from July 2023 to March 2025, 45 patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited. Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) will be performed using standard measures to calculate RV function. Patients diagnosed with RV dysfunction will be administered levosimendan, followed by a re-evaluation of RV function at designated intervals. Statistical analysis will be conducted using R software, and a paired t-test will be employed to determine significant differences at pre- and post-intervention timelines for the outcome variables of echocardiographic parameters, including Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), EF, RV Fractional Area Change (FAC), and Tricuspid Regurgitant jet Velocity (TRV), at a 5% level of significance.
Strategies for Enhancing Impulse Control among Adolescents: A Narrative Review
Authors: (Sahu) Mamta Choudhari , Tendolkar Vaishali D , Gawai Jaya P
Published: October 2024

Adolescent growth depends on impulse control, which impacts wellbeing, social interactions and academic achievement. The purpose of this narrative review is to assess the efficacy of therapeutic and educational initiatives aimed at enhancing impulse control during this crucial developmental phase. The review highlights various successful interventions that can be used to improve impulse control in adolescents. These interventions include self-regulation strategies, serious games, mindfulness practices, cognitive-behavioural approaches and biopsychosocial workshops. To support comprehensive adolescent development, future research should focus on long-term outcomes and the integration of these interventions into broader educational and therapeutic frameworks.
Episiotomy Scar Endometriosis — A Rare Presentation
Authors: R.S. Dr. Karthika , A.V. Dr.Soundharya
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a benign disorder defined as presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the normal location. Perineal scar endometriosis, at the episiotomy scar site, is a very rare entity occurring in only about 0.03–0.15%¹ CASE STUDIES: Two cases of episiotomy scar endometriosis in perineum reported in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Apollo KH hospital at different time period have been discussed in this article. CONCLUSION:Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting women in reproductive age group. Episiotomy scar endometriosis is a rare entity requiring high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. Treatment of choice for perineal scar endometriosis is surgical excision with wide margins. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent morbidity
Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of different concentration of sodium hypochlorite with conventional irrigation method versus ultrasonic irrigation in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from root canals: an in-vitro study
Authors: Pareek Ankur , Malhan Sunil , Sood Himanshu , Sandhu Gursandeep Kaur , . Ishita , Virk Jasleen
Published: October 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the decrease in bacterial population in the root canals with 3 different concentrations of NaOCl and with two different irrigation systems Methods and Material: The study was conducted on 70 single rooted extracted teeth. Teeth were decoronated and the apices were sealed with auto polymerizing resin. The teeth were inoculated with a suspension comprising Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). The canals were prepared were divided into three groups based on irrigation technique: Group 1; irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite, Group 2; irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite & Group 3; irrigation with 5% sodium hypochlorite. All three groups were divided into 2 subgroups. In subgroup A irrigation was done by conventional side vented needle and in subgroup B with passive ultrasonic agitation. A fourth control group was also added in which conventional needle irrigation was done with normal saline. The samples were inoculated on the growth media and the mean colonies units were calculated. Statistical analysis used: The statistical analysis used was Student’s unpaired t-test for intergroup comparison and one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test for intragroup comparison. Results: In our study, groups with passive ultrasonic irrigation showed better antimicrobial effect compared to groups which use conventional needle irrigation. Conclusions: Ultrasonic irrigation showed better antimicrobial activity compared to conventional needle irrigation
An Analytical Study of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding NEXT among the Medical Students of G.S. Medical College, Hapur, U.P., India
Authors: Jain Kartikey , Agarwal Dr. Himanshu , Sharma Dr. Jyotsna
Published: October 2024

The National Exit Test (NEXT) is a newly introduced licensing examination in India, aiming to standardize medical education and ensure quality assurance. There is no clarity regarding NEXT among MBBS students. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical students regarding NEXT and identify areas for improvement. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical students of different batches using a pretested questionnaire, with a response rate of 100% (200 respondents). The study revealed significant gaps in knowledge (36% aware of NEXT resources) and preparedness (32% joined preparatory classes), with students expressing uncertainty and negativity towards NEXT. The study highlights the need of clear guidelines , targeted interventions, including orientation programs and standardized preparation resource material to support students in navigating the challenges of NEXT
Full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with Restorative Space Issues and loss of VDO by replacing maxillary arch with fixed prosthesis opposing a flexible removable partial denture in mandibular arch: A case report
Authors: Hazarika Dr. Shyamolima , Pandey Dr. Kaushik Kumar , Ahmed Dr. Asra , Sanober Dr. Sana , Kidwai Dr Moazzam
Published: October 2024

Primary objective of full mouth rehabilitation is the restoring the teeth to optimal physiological and functional balance . Planning a comprehensive course of treatment for a number of missing teeth can be difficult, particularly when the vertical dimension (VD) of the occlusion is reduced. In this case report the sequential methodical interdisciplinary approach employed to treat multiple missing teeth with a loss of VD is described. The patient receives a temporary prosthesis by increasing the vertical dimension.A definitive reconstruction using a fixed prosthesis in the maxillary arch and mandibular ant region and a flexible partial denture in the mandibular arch was carried out following validation of the newly established restorative vertical dimension. A dentist can improve a patient's quality of life by providing functional harmony and aesthetic comfort through appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning
Outcome of Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rahman Dr. Md. Ashiqur , Md. Manzurur Rahim Dr. Choudhury Faisal , Ahmed Dr. Qumrun Nassa , Rahman Dr Md Mahbubor , Khan Dr Uzir Azam
Published: October 2024

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may suffer from recurrent exacerbations, with a worsening of symptoms and reduction in lung function that may not be recovered in a small proportion of patients. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the in-hospital outcome of patients admitted with COPD exacerbation Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Shere Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal during the period of January 2022 to December 2022. 42 known patients with COPD exacerbation admitted in medicine unit during the study period were enrolled in the study by convenient sampling. COPD with bronchogenic carcinoma, with bronchiectasis and with ischaemic heart disease were excluded from the study. All patients were examined regularly for cough, sputum, grading of dyspnoea, tracheal tug, prominence of accessory muscles, sleep disturbance, frequency of inhaled β-2 agonist therapy per day for 7 days. After 7 days follow up, patients were categorized into-improved, when it fulfills the following GOLD criteria or not improved. After processing all available information Statistical analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 22. Results: The mean±SD age of the patients was 66.3±10.0 years with a range of 46-85 years.There were 37(88.1%) male patients and 5(11.9%) female patients. The mean±SD duration of illness of the patients was 9.24±4.05 years with a range of 2-15 years. The median duration was 10 years. Tracheal tag, prominence of accessory muscles of respiration, sleep disturbance, cyanosis, and loss of consciousness was present in 95.2%, 95.2%, 71.4%, 28.60% and 9.5% patients respectively. X-ray chest P-A view showed that 88.1% patients had the diagnosis of only COPD, 2.4% had COPD with cardiomegaly and 2.4% had COPD with cor-pulmonale and 7.1% normal X-ray finding. ECG finding showed that 9.5% patients had Cor pulmonale with COPD, 11.9% had sinus tachycardia, 4.8% had. RVH, 2.4% had p pulmonale with sinus tachycardia. The mean±SD oxygen saturation of the patients was 92.10±5.27% with a range of 72-95%. The median saturation was 94%. The mean±SD length of hospital stay was 5.21±1.18 days with a range of 3-7 days. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days. 39(92.9%) patients were improved and discharged from the hospital and 3(7.1%) patients died. Conclusion: The mean length of hospital stay was about 5 days. 92.9% of the cases, the symptoms of exacerbations of COPD subside within 10 days with standard regimen of treatment and in-hospital mortality was 7.1%
Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis: Case Study
Authors: Moutahir M. , Benrakkoun C. , Omari W. , Rguig N. , Aharmim M. , Soualhi M. , Charaf H. , Zahraoui R.
Published: October 2024

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is a rare and recently recognized condition, first described by Amitani et al. in the 1990s as fibrosis of the upper lobes and later recognized as a new clinicopathological entity by Frankel. In 2013, idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis was classified as a rare subtype in the international classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. The disease can occur at any age, and the diagnosis issuspected in a patient with dyspnea and radiological presentation, characterized by fibrosis of the upper lobe of the pleural and subpleural pulmonary parenchyma. A definitive diagnosis is histopathological, characterized by dense intra-alveolar fibrosis with elastosis of the alveolar walls and fibrous thickening of the subpleural pleura, predominantly in the upper lobes. The disease progresses, with a poor prognosis, and currently, the only therapeutic option is lung transplantation. We describe a rare case of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosisdiagnosed radiologically in an 83-year-old man
Effect Of Animal And Plant Organic Fertilizers On Growth And Yield Of Rice In Tana Delta, Kenya
Authors: Kinyanjui Wanjogu Raphael , Muhamed Adan , Masika Ngala Rodgers , Muji John Kimani
Published: October 2024

Rice is the 3rd most consumed cereal in Kenya while production is merely 20% of the demand making the country a net importer of the commodity. With increased global concern on healthy foods, producing more rice to contribute to achieving food secure nation while conforming to environmental sustainability remains a subject of concern in the country. In this case, good agricultural practices are needed to strike the balance. This study was carried out during rice growing season (February – June, 2024) to investigate the effect of basal organic fertilizers; Rich Farm (RF), Han Daebak (BK) and Han Yoobak (MK) on growth and yield of AT054 and Komboka rice varieties in Tana Delta Irrigation Project-Rice (TDIP-R) Scheme during the trial Phase undertaken by Agri All Africa (AAA) in preparation for a Public Private Partnership (PPP) project programme. The study was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Rich Farm (RF) at 200 Kg/Ha, Han Daebak (BK) at 200 Kg/Ha and Han Yoobak (MK) at 200 Kg/Ha were applied as basal fertilizers. Conventional fertilizers (200 Kg/Ha DAP + 120 Kg/Ha MOP) was applied as the positive standard check (CF). Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The basal application of Rich Farm, Han Daebak and Han Yoobak organic fertilizers had significant positive effects on grain yield. Among the tested basal fertilizers, Rich Farm performed better at 4.9 and 5.3 ton/ha, followed by Han Yoobak at 4.7 and 4.1 ton/ha and Han Daebak at 4.3 and 3.9 ton/ha in AT054 and Komboka variety, respectively. Therefore, Rich Farm and Han Yoobak can be recommended as basal organic fertilizers in both AT054 and Komboka varieties, while Han Daebak can be used in AT054 variety for rice production. Further studies are of need to investigate the effects on these organic fertilizers on the soil properties of the area, as well as evaluating the optimal rates for higher rice production
Neonicotinoids, Agriculture And Food Security Of Brazilian Honey: A Review
Authors: Zanini Emanuel Sobocinski , Gonçalves Jr Affonso Celso , Piccioli Angélica De Fátima Bortolato , Piovezan Laura Mengisdski , Snak Aline , Kowaleski Jussara
Published: October 2024

Pesticides used in agriculture have the function of controlling pests, diseases and preventing the development and growth of weeds, increasing the quality and productivity of crops. However, when they reach unwanted targets, such as bees, humans and other living beings, they cause harmful damage to ecosystems. Neonicotinoids, insecticides widely used in monocultures, such as soybeans and corn in Brazil, are especially harmful to bees, whether native or exotic, interfering with the foraging and pollination performance of plants. The global decline in the bee population is related to the use of insecticides, a fact that directly threatens the production of various foods. Honey, the main beekeeping product , is not only a source of food for bees, humans and other animals, but also an indicator of environmental quality, as its composition reflects the conditions of the environment in which it was produced, and determinations made therein can reveal the presence of contaminants such as pesticides and toxic metals providing information about ecosystem health and the presence of environmental contaminants. Furthermore, consuming pesticide-free foods is crucial for human health and environmental sustainability, as the intake of neonicotinoids is associated with several health problems such as hormonal disorders and nervous system diseases and is especially dangerous for children. This article reviews the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and the contamination they cause in the honey of bees Apis mellifera Linnaeus (1758) and Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (1811) in Brazil, evaluating the impacts of these insecticides on bees, the implications for ecosystems and safety to feed
Ultra High multi channel clock frequency(THz, PHz, EHz, ZHz,YHz,XHz,WHz) baud rate speed PRBS Transceiver HDL RTL ASIC Design for Ultra High long Distance Wireless Communication Engineering Smart Computing Products/ Applications
Authors: Sastry Prof. Executive Dean. P.N.V.M , Vathsal Prof. Dean. Dr.S.
Published: October 2024

The Key Objective is HDL RTL Design Architecture of Ultra high multi Clock Frequency Speed Rate ( MHz, GHz, THz, PHz, EHz, ZHz, etc) Bits Per Second Baud Rate ) P.R.B.S(Pseudo Random Binary Sequence) Transceiver Soft A.S.I.C IP Core product for identification of the property of Different Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Patterns (Seed Words) of 2e 7 -1, 2e10 -1, 2e 15 -1, 2e 23 -1, 2e 31 -1 tapped elements as per C.C.I.T.T-I.T.U Standards and IEEE-754 Single and Double Data Rate Data Precision Standards (32 bit & 64 Bit Data Width ) suited for Very Advanced Futuristic Hi-tech Smart High Speed Long Distance Wireless Digital Communication A.S.I.C Products / Applications like Space/Satellite, Aerospace and Large Data Processing and computing like High Speed Internet and Cloud Computing based Hi-Fi Industrial Data Automation Standard Ultra High Speed Wireless Communication A.S.I.C products and Applications-3G,4G,5G etc. The Multi channel PRBS Transceiver consists Transmitter and receiver of different PRBS patterns- 2e7 -1, 2e10 -1, 2e15 -1, 2e23 -1, 2e31 -1 NRZ. The data input transmitted and received serially in the form bit by bit. These different pattern sequences are Designated as per CCITT ITU 0.151/O.152/O.153 & AT&T Standards. The Aim and purpose of invention of Ultra high multichannel Clock frequency PRBS Transceiver is for transmit and receive data serially by using Tx_in and Tx_out, rxin, rxout signals and The Transceiver is processed the low frequency signal input with different high speed carrier wave frequencies in the form of different PRBS pseudo random binary sequence seed word bit/byte patterns -2e7 -1, 2e10 -1, 2e15 -1, 2e23 -1, 2e31 -1 NRZ and also on receiver side processed with the above patterns. Materials and Methods: Transmission and reception of Data serially based on the Deterministic random seed word pattern methods of different PRBS 2e7 -1, 2e10 -1, 2e15 -1, 2e23 -1, 2e31 -1 tapped sequence Elements and All these PRBS are purely synchronized with Ultra high clock frequency(MHz, GHz, THz, PHz, EHz, ZHz, YHz, XHz, WHz). The Soft IP Core Designed by System Verilog HDL/ Verilog HDL. RTL Design Simulation done by Synopsys VCS 2020.1 software and Altera Model-Sim Software and Logic Design Flow & Synthesis done by Xilinx ISE and Altera Quartus EDA Tools. Results: Generation of Simulation Display and waveform for Ultra High Clock frequency(MHz, GHz, THz, PHz, EHz, ZHz, YHz, XHz, WHz) Synchronized Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) Register Transfer Level (RTL) Generators, Transceiver for efficient and effective High Quality Data transmission and Reception of Various tapped sequence patterns for Identification of property of different PRBS patterns2e7 -1, 2e10-1, 2e15-1, 2e23 -1, 2 31 -1 NRZ of Ultra high speed Long distance wireless engineering Applications/ products.
A Novel Adaptive Random Access Window (RAW) Slot Adjustment Model for IoT Network Using an Integrated Scheme
Authors: . Nwogu , . UchennaObioma
Published: October 2024

The RAW (Restricted Access Window) component of the IoT network is deployed to reduce traffic and channel contention in dense and heterogeneous sensor network environment. It divides sensor nodes into groups and slots, allowing channel access only to one RAW slot at a time. Several algorithms and improved channel utilization optimization models have been proposed to optimize the RAW parameters, to ensure a contention free network or at least, minimally reduce it. These techniques often rely on previous traffic demands schedules, collision analysis and send/receive matrices to accurately predict the future of stations’ interactions in an IoT environment. Thus systematically adjusting its operations to reduce contention among the stations and the Access Point(AP), thereby ensuring a flexible transmission even in a dense network environment. This paper critically investigated, analysed and proposed a novel approach to RAW size adjustment. The new approach will invoke data mining instruments and optimisation algorithms to improve performance of stations in an IoT environment and thereafter simulated (with respect to some specified QoS parameters) to ascertain it’s (output) performance index with the already existing models
Adaptive fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with unknown inertia
Authors: Zhu Zhihao , Guo Yu
Published: September 2017

In this paper, an adaptive fault‐tolerant attitude coordinated tracking problem for spacecraft formation is investigated under a directed communication topology containing a spanning tree with the leader as the root, where inertia matrices and external disturbances are unknown time‐varying. With no prior knowledge of faults and inertia, an adaptive approach is proposed to reject the influence of disturbances and uncertainties. Meanwhile, combining with a consensus algorithm and graph theory, an adaptive fault‐tolerant attitude synchronization tracking control law is presented to regulate the attitude to a common time‐varying reference state. Aiming at optimizing the control law, a dynamic adjustment function is introduced to adjust the control gain according to the attitude tracking error. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach is demonstrated through simulation results.
Sub‐Micron Anisotropic InP‐based III–V Semiconductor Material Deep Etching for On‐Chip Laser Photonics Devices
Authors: Ng Doris Keh‐Ting , Lee Chee Wei , Krishnamurthy Vivek , Wang Qian
Published: September 2017

Two InP‐based III–V semiconductor etching recipes are presented for fabrication of on‐chip laser photonic devices. Using inductively coupled plasma system with a methane free gas chemistry of chlorine and nitrogen at a high substrate temperature of 250 °C, high aspect ratio, anisotropic InP‐based nano‐structures are etched. Scanning electron microscopy images show vertical sidewall profile of 90° ± 3°, with aspect ratio as high as 10. Atomic Force microscopy measures a smooth sidewall roughness root‐mean‐square of 2.60 nm over a 3 × 3 μm scan area. The smallest feature size etched in this work is a nano‐ring with inner diameter of 240 nm. The etching recipe and critical factors such as chamber pressure and the carrier plate effect are discussed. The second recipe is of low temperature (−10 °C) using Cl2 and BCl3 chemistry. This recipe is useful for etching large areas of III–V to reveal the underlying substrate. The availability of these two recipes has created a flexible III–V etching platform for fabrication of on‐chip laser photonic devices. As an application example, anisotropic InP‐based waveguides of 3 μm width are fabricated using the Cl2 and N2 etch recipe and waveguide loss of 4.5 dB mm−1 is obtained.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Sacrifical Anode Thin Films Combining Silver with Platinum Group Elements within a Bacteria‐Containing Human Plasma Clot
Authors: Abuayyash Adham , Ziegler Nadine , Gessmann Jan , Sengstock Christina , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Ludwig Alfred , Köller Manfred
Published: September 2017

Silver (Ag) dots arrays (64 and 400 dots per mm2) are fabricated on a continuous platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), or iridium (Ir) thin film (sacrifical anode systems for Ag) and for comparison on titanium (Ti) film (non‐sacrifical anode system for Ag) by sputter deposition and photolithographic patterning. The samples are embedded within a tissue‐like plasma clot matrix containing Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), cultivated for 24 h. Bacterial growth is analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Among platinum group sacrifical anode elements and a dense Ag sample, only the high Ag ion releasing Ag–Ir system is able to inhibit the bacterial growth within the adjacent plasma clot matrix. This study demonstrates that the antibacterial efficiency of Ag coatings is reduced under tissue‐like conditions. However, the new sacrificial anode based Ag–Ir system can overcome this limitation.
Synthesis and Applications of Stimuli‐Responsive DNA‐Based Nano‐ and Micro‐Sized Capsules
Authors: Liao Wei‐Ching , Willner Itamar
Published: September 2017

Stimuli‐responsive, drug‐loaded, DNA‐based nano‐ and micro‐capsules attract scientific interest as signal‐triggered carriers for controlled drug release. The methods to construct the nano‐/micro‐capsules involve i) the layer‐by‐layer deposition of signal‐reconfigurable DNA shells on drug‐loaded microparticles acting as templates, followed by dissolution of the core templates; ii) the assembly of three‐dimensional capsules composed of reconfigurable DNA origami units; and iii) the synthesis of stimuli‐responsive drug‐loaded capsules stabilized by DNA−polymer hydrogels. Triggers to unlock the nano‐/micro‐capsules include enzymes, pH, light, aptamer−ligand complexes, and redox agents. The capsules are loaded with fluorescent polymers, metal nanoparticles, proteins or semiconductor quantum dots as drug models, with anti‐cancer drugs, e.g., doxorubicin, or with antibodies inhibiting cellular networks or enzymes over‐expressed in cancer cells. The mechanisms for unlocking the nano‐/micro‐capsules and releasing the drugs are discussed, and the applications of the stimuli‐responsive nano‐/micro‐capsules as sense‐and‐treat systems are addressed. The scientific challenges and future perspectives of nano‐capsules and micro‐capsules in nanomedicine are highlighted.
Temporal and Remote Tuning of Piezophotonic‐Effect‐Induced Luminescence and Color Gamut via Modulating Magnetic Field
Authors: Wong Man‐Chung , Chen Li , Bai Gongxun , Huang Long‐Biao , Hao Jianhua
Published: September 2017

Light‐emitting materials have been extensively investigated because of their widespread applications in solid‐state lighting, displays, sensors, and bioimaging. In these applications, it is highly desirable to achieve tunable luminescence in terms of luminescent intensity and wavelength. Here, a convenient physical approach of temporal and remote tuning of light‐emitting wavelength and color is demonstrated, which is greatly different from conventional methods. It is shown that by modulating the frequency of magnetic‐field excitation at room temperature, luminescence from the flexible composites of ZnS:Al, Cu phosphors induced by the piezophotonic effect can be tuned in real time and in situ. The mechanistic investigation suggests that the observed tunable piezophotonic emission is ascribed to the tilting band structure of the ZnS phosphor induced by magnetostrictive strain under a high frequency of magnetic‐field excitation. Furthermore, some proof‐of concept devices, including red–green–blue full‐color displays and tunable white‐light sources are demonstrated simply by frequency modulation. A new understanding of the fundamentals of both luminescence and magnetic–optics coupling is thus provided, while offering opportunities in magnetic–optical sensing, piezophotonics, energy harvesting, novel light sources, and displays.
Controlling Molecular Doping in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Jacobs Ian E. , Moulé Adam J.
Published: September 2017

The field of organic electronics thrives on the hope of enabling low‐cost, solution‐processed electronic devices with mechanical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties not available from inorganic semiconductors. A key to the success of these aspirations is the ability to controllably dope organic semiconductors with high spatial resolution. Here, recent progress in molecular doping of organic semiconductors is summarized, with an emphasis on solution‐processed p‐type doped polymeric semiconductors. Highlighted topics include how solution‐processing techniques can control the distribution, diffusion, and density of dopants within the organic semiconductor, and, in turn, affect the electronic properties of the material. Research in these areas has recently intensified, thanks to advances in chemical synthesis, improved understanding of charged states in organic materials, and a focus on relating fabrication techniques to morphology. Significant disorder in these systems, along with complex interactions between doping and film morphology, is often responsible for charge trapping and low doping efficiency. However, the strong coupling between doping, solubility, and morphology can be harnessed to control crystallinity, create doping gradients, and pattern polymers. These breakthroughs suggest a role for molecular doping not only in device function but also in fabrication—applications beyond those directly analogous to inorganic doping.
Liquid‐Cell Electron Microscopy of Adsorbed Polymers
Authors: Nagamanasa Kandula Hima , Wang Huan , Granick Steve
Published: September 2017

Individual macromolecules of polystyrene sulfonate and poly(ethylene oxide) are visualized with nanometer resolution using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of aqueous solutions with and without added salt, trapped in liquid pockets between creased graphene sheets. Successful imaging with 0.3 s per frame is enabled by the sluggish mobility of the adsorbed molecules. This study finds, validating others, that an advantage of this graphene liquid‐cell approach is apparently to retard sample degradation from incident electrons, in addition to minimizing background scattering because graphene windows are atomically thin. Its new application here to polymers devoid of metal‐ion labeling allows the projected sizes and conformational fluctuations of adsorbed molecules and adsorption–desorption events to be analyzed. Confirming the identification of the observed objects, this study reports statistical analysis of datasets of hundreds of images for times up to 100 s, with variation of the chemical makeup of the polymer, the molecular weight of the polymer, and the salt concentration. This observation of discrete polymer molecules in solution environment may be useful generally, as the findings are obtained using an ordinary TEM microscope, whose kind is available to many researchers routinely.
A study of dielectric behavior of manganese doped barium titanate–polyimide composites
Authors: Kumari Anuradha , Dasgupta Ghosh Barnali
Published: September 2017

In this work, a series of BaTi1−xMnxO3–polyimide films were prepared by simple solution casting method. For the preparation of composite films firstly, manganese doped barium titanate, BaTi1−xMnxO3 (where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) was synthesized by sol‐gel process. The effect of Mn doping on its structural and dielectric properties was nicely explained. The highest dielectric constant value of 7,104 was obtained for BaTi0.99Mn0.01O3 (BTMn) nanoparticles with low dielectric loss value 2.44. It was observed that Mn‐doping concentration on barium titanate influences its crystal structure. Improved dielectric properties were reported for nanocomposite thin films containing BaTi0.99Mn0.01O3 and polyimide (PI). A series of five homogeneous nanocomposite films were successfully prepared and were characterized thoroughly. The dielectric properties were studied as a function of frequency and loading percentage of BTMn in PI. The dielectric constant of the BTMn/PI nanocomposite films increased from 3.23 to 8.63 with the increase in loading percentage of ceramic from 0 to 5 wt%, respectively. The nanocomposite films were flexible with good mechanical properties and the flexibility decreased with increase in loading percentage of BTMn. The films showed high thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere up to 571°C with 10% weight loss and also exhibited high glass transition temperature up to 337°C.
Single‐Atom Catalysts: Emerging Multifunctional Materials in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Liu Guigao , Shi Li , Ye Jinhua
Published: September 2017

Supported metal nanoparticles are the most widely investigated heterogeneous catalysts in catalysis community. The size of metal nanostructures is an important parameter in influencing the activity of constructed catalysts. Especially, as coordination unsaturated metal atoms always work as the catalytically active centers, decreasing the particle size of the catalyst can greatly boost the specific activity per metal atom. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), containing single metal atoms anchored on supports, represent the utmost utilization of metallic catalysts and thus maximize the usage efficiency of metal atom. However, with the decreasing of particle size, the surface free energy increases obviously, and tends to aggregate into clusters or particles. Selection of an appropriate support is necessary to interact with isolated atoms strongly, and thus prevents the movement and aggregation of isolated atoms, creating stable, finely dispersed active sites. Furthermore, with uniform single‐atom dispersion and well‐defined configuration, SACs afford great space for optimizing high selectivity and activity. In this review, a detailed discussion of preparing, characterizing, and catalytically testing within this family is provided, including the theoretical understanding of key aspects of SACs materials. The main advantages of SACs as catalysts and the challenges faced for further improving catalytic performance are also highlighted.
On the Use of Luminescence Intensity Images for Quantified Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cells: Spatial Distribution of Series Resistance
Authors: Walter Daniel , Wu Yiliang , Duong The , Peng Jun , Jiang Liangcong , Fong Kean Chern , Weber Klaus
Published: September 2017

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made rapid advances in efficiency when fabricated as small‐area devices. A key challenge is to increase the active area while retaining high performance, which requires fast and reliable measurement techniques to spatially resolve cell properties. Luminescence imaging‐based techniques are one attractive possibility. A thermodynamic treatment of the luminescence radiation from MAPbI3 and related perovskite semiconductors predicts that the intensity of luminescence emission is proportional to the electrochemical potential in the perovskite absorber, bringing with it numerous experimental advantages. However, concerns arise about the impact of the often‐observed hysteretic behavior on the interpretation of luminescence‐based measurements. This study demonstrates that despite their hysteretic phenomena, at steady‐state perovskite solar cells are amenable to quantitative analysis of luminescence images. This is demonstrated by calculating the spatial distribution of series resistance from steady‐state photoluminescence images. This study observes good consistency between the magnitude, voltage‐dependence, and spatial distribution of series resistance calculated from luminescence images and from cell‐level current–voltage curves and uncalibrated luminescence images, respectively. This method has significant value for the development of PSC process control, design and material selection, and illustrates the possibilities for large‐area, spatially resolved, quantitative luminescence imaging‐based characterization of PSCs.
Molecular Interlayers in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Wentao , Liang Xinxing , Kubiak Peter S. , Cameron Petra J.
Published: September 2017

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSC) are promising third‐generation solar cells. They exhibit good power conversion efficiencies and in principle they can be fabricated with lower energy consumption than many more established technologies. To improve the efficiency and long‐term stability of PSC, organic molecules are frequently used as “interlayers.” Interlayers are thin layers or monolayers of organic molecules that modify a specific interface in the solar cell. Here, the latest progress in the use of interlayers to optimize the performance of PSC is reviewed. Where appropriate interesting examples from the field of organic photovoltaics (OPV) are also presented as there are many similarities in the types of interlayers that are used in PSC and OPV. The review is organized into three parts. The first part focuses on why organic molecule interlayers improve the performance of the solar cells. The second section discusses commonly used molecular interlayers. In the last part, different approaches to make thin and uniform interlayers are discussed.
Hot‐Substrate Deposition of Hole‐ and Electron‐Transport Layers for Enhanced Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Zhenhua , Zhang Linxing , Tian Sen , Zhang Fan , Zhang Bin , Niu Fangfang , Zeng Pengju , Qu Junle , Rudd Peter Neil , Huang Jinsong , Lian Jiarong
Published: September 2017

Charge transport layers play an important role in determining the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it has proven challenging to produce thin and compact charge transport layers via solution processing techniques. Herein, a hot substrate deposition method capable of improving the morphology of high‐coverage hole‐transport layers (HTLs) and electron‐transport layers (ETLs) is reported. PSC devices using HTLs deposited on a hot substrate show improvement in the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) from 1.041 to 1.070 V and the PCE from 17.00% to 18.01%. The overall device performance is then further enhanced with the hot substrate deposition of ETLs as the Voc and PCE reach 1.105 V and 19.16%, respectively. The improved performance can be explained by the decreased current leakage and series resistance, which are present in PSCs with rough and discontinuous HTLs and ETLs.
A theory of ultradeep hydrodesulfurization of diesel in stacked‐bed reactors
Authors: Ho Teh C.
Published: September 2017

Hydrodesulfurization catalysts have two types of active sites for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions. While hydrogenation sites are more active for desulfurizing refractory sulfur species, they are more susceptible to organonitrogen inhibition than hydrogenolysis sites. In contrast, hydrogenolysis sites are more resistant to organonitrogen inhibition but are less active for desulfurizing refractory sulfur species. This dichotomy is exploited to develop an ultradeep hydrodesulfurization stacked‐bed reactor comprising two catalysts of different characteristics. The performance of such a catalyst system can be superior or inferior to that of either catalyst alone. A mathematical model is constructed to predict the optimum stacking configuration for maximum synergies between the two catalysts. The best configuration provides the precise environment for the catalysts to reach their full potentials, resulting in the smallest reactor and minimum hydrogen consumption. Model predictions are consistent with experimental results. A selectivity‐activity diagram is developed for guiding the development of stacked‐bed catalyst systems. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 595–605, 2018