bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The $$v^{1/3}_{3}/v^{1/2}_{2}$$ ratio in PbAu collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} = $$ 17.3 GeV: a hint of a hydrodynamic behavior
Authors: Adamová D. , Agakishiev G. , Andronic A. , Antończyk D. , Appelshäuser H. , Belaga V. , Bielčíková J. , Braun-Munzinger P. , Busch O. , Cherlin A. , Damjanović S. , Dietel T. , Dietrich L. , Drees A. , Dubitzky W. , Esumi S. I. , Filimonov K. , Fomenko K. , Fraenkel Z. , Garabatos C. , Glässel P. , Hering G. , Holeczek J. , Kalisky M. , Krobath G. , Kushpil V. , Maas A. , Marín A. , Milošević J. , Miśkowiec D. , Panebrattsev Y. , Paulínyová Z. , Petchenova O. , Petráček V. , Radomski S. , Rak J. , Ravinovich I. , Rehak P. , Sako H. , Schmitz W. , Schuchmann S. , Sedykh S. , Shimansky S. , Stachel J. , Šumbera M. , Tilsner H. , Tserruya I. , Tsiledakis G. , Wessels J. P. , Wienold T. , Wurm J. P. , Yurevich S. , Yurevich V. ,   CERES/NA45 Collaboration
Published: October 2024

The Fourier harmonics, $$v_2$$

v
2

and $$v_3$$

v
3

of negative pions are measured at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$$

s
NN

= 17.3 GeV around midrapidity by the CERES/NA45 experiment at the CERN SPS in 0–30% central PbAu collisions with a mean centrality of 5.5%. The analysis is performed in two centrality bins as a function of the transverse momentum $$\mathrm {p_{\textrm{T}}}$$

p
T

from 0.05 GeV/c to more than 2 GeV/c. This is the first measurement of the $$v^{1/3}_{3}/v^{1/2}_{2}$$

v
3

1
/
3

/

v
2

1
/
2

ratio as a function of transverse momentum at SPS energies, that reveals, independently of the hydrodynamic models, hydrodynamic behavior of the formed system. For $$\mathrm {p_{\textrm{T}}}$$

p
T

above 0.5 GeV/c, the ratio is nearly flat in accordance with the hydrodynamic prediction and as previously observed by the ATLAS and ALICE experiments at the much higher LHC energies. The results are also compared with the SMASH-vHLLE hybrid model predictions, as well as with the SMASH model applied alone.
Network-on-Chip (NoC) Applications for IoT-Enabled Chip Systems: Latest Designs and Modern Applications
Authors: Guo Bo , Liu Huaming , Niu Lei
Published: October 2024

Network-on-Chip (NoC) technology has emerged as a critical innovation in the field of integrated circuit design, addressing the growing demands for efficient, scalable, and high-performance on-chip communication. This review provides a comprehensive examination of NoC, highlighting its architecture, key features, and current applications. NoC leverages a network-based approach, utilizing routers and links to interconnect various components on a chip, thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional System-on-chip (SoC) architectures that rely on shared bus systems. The review underscores NoC’s superior communication efficiency, scalability, and reduced latency, which are essential for modern high-performance computing, multi-core processors, and advanced embedded systems. It also explores NoC’s ability to optimize power consumption through dynamic voltage scaling and power gating, making it a favorable choice for energy-efficient designs. Despite its complexity, NoC’s modularity and adaptability make it suitable for a wide range of applications, from artificial intelligence accelerators to high-performance data centers. In conclusion, NoC stands as a transformative technology that enhances the performance and scalability of integrated circuits, paving the way for more sophisticated and powerful electronic systems. As the demand for higher computational capabilities and efficiency continues to rise, NoC is poised to play an increasingly vital role in the advancement of electronic design and architecture.
THE HETEROGENEOUS INFLUENCE OF EXPORT RELATEDNESS AND IMPORT RELATEDNESS ON COMPLEX PRODUCT DIVERSIFICATION
Authors: DING XIAOYI , REN KE , LI HONGYI , YANG TIANLE
Published: October 2024

This study draws upon the product space framework to examine the effects of export relatedness and import relatedness on complex product diversification. We use a sample of data for approximately 100 countries from 2002 to 2019, which covers the periods before, during and after the 2008 global financial crisis. We find that countries are likely to maintain a comparative advantage in their current products and develop a comparative advantage in new complex products that are strongly related to their present export structure. By contrast, the relatedness between new products and imports has a negative effect on complex product diversification with the exception of countries in East Asia and the Pacific, but this effect is weaker than that of export relatedness. These effects also vary among countries with different income levels and geographical regions. In addition, we find that the effects of both export relatedness and import relatedness on complex product diversification decreased after the 2008 global financial crisis, which means that the process of diversification of new complex products from related exports or imports slowed down in the post-financial crisis world.
MTN is all you need: Production of multiple semi-invisible resonances at hadron colliders
Authors: Dong Zhongtian , Kong Kyoungchul , Matchev Konstantin T. , Matcheva Katia
Published: October 2024

The stransverse mass variable [Formula: see text] was originally proposed for the study of hadron collider events in which [Formula: see text] parent particles are produced and then decay semi-invisibly. Here we consider the generalization to the case of [Formula: see text] semi-invisibly decaying parent particles. We introduce the corresponding class of kinematic variables [Formula: see text] and illustrate their mathematical properties. Many of the celebrated features of the [Formula: see text] kinematic endpoint are retained in this more general case, including the ability to measure the mass of the invisible daughter particle from the stransverse mass kink. We describe and validate a numerical procedure for computing [Formula: see text] in practice. We also identify the configurations of visible momenta which result in nontrivial ([Formula: see text]) values, and derive a pure phase-space estimate for the fraction of such events for any N.
On the non-flatness nature of noncommutative Minkowski spacetime and the singular behavior of probes
Authors: Roy Manali , Balasundaram Muthukumar
Published: October 2024

It is more than a century-old concept that the Minkowski spacetime is flat. From the pure geometric point of view, we explicitly address the issue of whether a noncommutative Minkowski spacetime is flat or not. In the framework of the twisted-diffeomorphism approach to noncommutative gravity with canonical type noncommutative (NC) coordinate structure, one important result that we get is that the NC Minkowski spacetime parametrized either with spherical polar coordinates or with parabolic coordinates has nontrivial NC corrections to Riemann curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and curvature scalars. Another crucial result is that the curvature scalars have singular behavior at certain points, and these singularities are not coordinate singularities. The nature of these singularities clearly points towards the idea of high-energetic probes turning into black holes. The absence of any such noncommutative corrections, and thus any such singularities, in the cases of Cartesian coordinates and cylindrical coordinates leads to the conclusion that high-energetic probes do not turn into black holes when the canonical NC structure is considered for these coordinates.
Comment on: “Analytical solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a generalized Cornell potential and its applications to diatomic molecules and heavy mesons”
Authors: Fernández Francisco M.
Published: October 2024

We analyze a recent calculation of the energy levels of some quantum-mechanical models derived from the so-called generalized Cornell potential. We argue that the authors obtained essentially the same spectrum for potentials with considerably different spectra. We show that the authors obtained negative eigenvalues in the case of a positive-definite potential. The reason is due to the approximation used in the solution of the Schrödinger equation. We point out that the omission of the sum over the rotational degrees of freedom in the canonical partition function leads to incomplete expressions for the thermodynamic functions.
Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Physical Education and Neural Networks on Workers Cognition: An Intelligent Water Drop Optimization Framework
Authors: Li Yizhang , Chen Tzu-Chia , Thelkar Amruth Ramesh
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, training has emerged as a crucial element in enhancing learning performance and memory retention. This research aims to elucidate the significant impact of exercise on the learning processes within the manufacturing workforce, facilitated by the potent tool of big data analytics. A pioneering hybrid methodology is introduced, which seamlessly integrates neural network techniques with the intelligent water drops optimization algorithm. To rigorously evaluate this methodology, a performance evaluation dataset comprising 1,250 samples, each characterized by a diverse array of attributes, is utilized. The integrated approach combines two pivotal techniques: feature selection empowered by the intelligent water drops algorithm and classification executed through neural networks. The findings reveal an optimal neural network configuration featuring 11 neurons in the hidden layers, along with the selection of the Pure linear (purelin) transfer function and the Train using Scaled Conjugate Gradient (traincgb) training function. The implications of this methodology are profound, demonstrating a remarkable 22% improvement over the baseline method. This underscores the pivotal role of exercise and physical activity, accounting for approximately 68%, in enhancing the learning and efficiency of the workforce. Notably, this research transcends existing studies by providing a specialized lens through which the relationship between exercise, cognitive function, and learning within the realm of workforce planning is examined. Additionally, dataset performance is bolstered through the inclusion of 875 training samples, highlighting the critical importance of homogeneous parameters in achieving superior classification outcomes. In summary, this innovative artificial neural network methodology not only exhibits unparalleled performance in comparison to existing methods but also offers invaluable insights into enhancing workforce proficiency through the transformative capabilities of big data analytics.
CLIP-DFGS: A Hard Sample Mining Method for CLIP in Generalizable Person Re-Identification
Authors: Zhao Huazhong , Qi Lei , Geng Xin
Published: October 2024

Recent advancements in pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have shown promise in person re-identification (ReID) applications. However, their performance in generalizable person ReID tasks remains suboptimal. The large-scale and diverse image-text pairs used in CLIP’s pre-training may lead to a lack or insufficiency of certain fine-grained features. In light of these challenges, we propose a hard sample mining method called Depth-First Graph Sampler (DFGS), based on depth-first search, designed to offer sufficiently challenging samples to enhance CLIP’s ability to extract fine-grained features. DFGS can be applied to both the image encoder and the text encoder in CLIP. By leveraging the powerful cross-modal learning capabilities of CLIP, we aim to apply our DFGS method to extract challenging samples and form mini-batches with high discriminative difficulty, providing the image model with more efficient and challenging samples that are difficult to distinguish, thereby enhancing the model’s ability to differentiate between individuals. Our results demonstrate significant improvements over other methods, confirming the effectiveness of DFGS in providing challenging samples that enhance CLIP’s performance in generalizable person Re-ID.
The Archaeology of Early Cities: “What Is the City but the People?”
Authors: Fernández-Götz Manuel , Smith Michael E.
Published: October 2024

The archaeology of early urbanism is a growing and dynamic field of research, which has benefited in recent years from numerous advances at both a theoretical and a methodological level. Scholars are increasingly acknowledging that premodern urbanization was a much more diverse phenomenon than traditionally thought, with alternative forms of urbanism now identified in numerous parts of the world. In this article, we review recent developments, focusing on the following main themes: (a) what cities are (including questions of definitions); (b) what cities do (with an emphasis on the concentration of people, institutions, and activities in space); (c) methodological advances (from LiDAR to bioarchaeology); (d) the rise and fall of cities (through a focus on persistence); and (e) challenges and opportunities for urban archaeology moving forward. Our approach places people—with their activities and networks—at the center of analysis, as epitomized by the quotation from Shakespeare used as the subtitle of our article.
Early Hominin Paleoenvironments and Habitat Heterogeneity
Authors: Su Denise F.
Published: October 2024

Environmental changes are often cited as the main driver of hominin evolutionary events, including major adaptive events such as bipedalism. Thus, researchers are particularly interested in the paleoenvironment of early hominins. The previous prevailing idea that hominins originated in expanding savannas is contradicted by the association of the earliest hominins with more closed and mesic (i.e., moderately wet) habitats. The Pliocene homi-nins that followed lived in a variety of habitats characterized by high levels of heterogeneity and permanent sources of water. This article reviews what we know of Mio-Pliocene hominin paleoenvironments, discusses the nature of the observed habitat heterogeneity associated with early hominins and implications for hominin paleoecology, and considers the challenges we face in showing a causative relationship between environmental change and major evolutionary events.
Native American and Indigenous Language Practices and Politics
Authors: Perley Bernard C.
Published: October 2024

The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designated the years between 2022 and 2032 as the International Decade of Indigenous Languages in an attempt to promote language “preservation, revitalization and promotion.” Such statements convey more than advocacy; they also convey complex politics and histories surrounding settler-colonial and Indigenous encounters through, with, and for Indigenous languages and community practices. What will those encounters look and sound like at the end of the decade? This review traces trajectories toward possible outcomes and political configurations.
Music, Sound, Politics
Authors: Sakakeeny Matt
Published: October 2024

This article reviews literature that followed from a political turn, starting in the 1980s, when new epistemological and disciplinary norms were established for articulating music and sound with politics. In an age of impotence, when neoliberal expansion led to pervasive political exhaustion, music and sound took on added potency as political forces in and of themselves. This wager rests on the presumption of music's capacity for politicization (its entry into and effect on the sphere of normative politics) under conditions of increasing depoliticization (the constraints placed on political participation). I have organized research on the politicization of music and sound into four primary categories: resistance and dissent, identity and recognition, affect and belonging, and power and dominance. The article concludes with recent wagers on music and sound to mitigate life's perils in the present and model “otherwise” possibilities for the future.
Dreams, Visions, and Worldmaking: Envisioning Anthropology Through Dreamscapes
Authors: Swancutt Katherine
Published: October 2024

What does it mean to envision or dream a world into existence? Dreams and visions are often deeply personal and private experiences, but they also open up social spaces for worldmaking. From Australian Aboriginal “Dreamtime” to the ethnographic dreams of anthropologists and their research partners, many dreams and visions are entangled with the historical and analytical trajectories of anthropology. I set out in this article to stretch further the anthropological imagination about the kinds of dreams and visions that may emerge from any dreamscape. To this end, I show that the anthropology of dreams and visions is built on more than the interpenetration of dreaming and waking life, metaphysical questions, problems of communication and interpretation, active or passive dreaming, the powerful idioms that dreams afford for collective visions, or nightmares and metaphorical dreaming. Myriad dreams and visions also unfold as what I call cosmological visions that shape anthropology and vice versa.
The Correlation Between Visceral Fat Area to Skeletal Muscle Mass Ratio and Multiorgan Insulin Resistance in Chinese Population With Obesity
Authors: Zhang Yanju , Du Meiyang , Li Zhouhuiling , Wang Xincheng , Leng Mingxin , Huang Yaping , Li Libin , Zhang Shi , Li Chunjun
Published: October 2024

Aims: Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, and our previous findings have demonstrated that visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) is significantly and positively associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between VSR and multiorgan IR, provide a new approach to improve body composition, and set the basis for VSR to increase the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases.

Materials and Methods: The study included 398 patients who underwent anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and body composition assessment. Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between VSR and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) as well as multiorgan IR, including homeostasis model assessment adiponectin (HOMA‐AD), adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO‐IR), and hepatic insulin sensitivity (HISI). The new model that incorporated into the present study is made up of easily measured biochemical indicators and is used to predict IR. Logistic regression was used to analyze the odds ratio (OR) of VSR on the risk of multiorgan IR. The predictive value of VSR for HOMA‐IR and new model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results: VSR was significantly associated with HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐AD, ADIPO‐IR, 1/HISI, and new model (p < 0.001). With the increase of VSR, the OR increased significantly for HOMA‐IR and new model (p < 0.001). Then, multiorgan IR indicators were quantified, compared to the lowest quartile group, and increased VSR exacerbated the risk of IR in the highest quartile (ptrend < 0.001). The area under the curve for predicting IR using VSR for HOMA‐IR and new model was 0.88 for men, 0.85 for women and 0.73 for men, 0.76 for women, respectively.

Conclusions: There was significant correlation between VSR and multiorgan IR, and the risk of multiorgan IR increased with increasing VSR.

Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2100044305.
Genome‐Wide Association Study for Test‐Day Milk Yield, Proteins, and Composition Traits of Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Ethiopia
Authors: Rekik B. , Mestawet T. , Girma A. , Seid M. , Besufekad J. , Meseret S.
Published: October 2024

Identifying genetic regions and candidate genes that influence milk production traits is critical for understanding genetic inheritance and improving both the quality and quantity of milk in dairy cattle. Crossbred dairy cattle significantly contribute to increasing milk production and ensuring food security in the middle‐ and high‐altitude regions of Ethiopia. However, the genetic architecture underlying their milk yield and composition traits has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on 308 crossbred dairy cows from central, northeastern, and southern Ethiopia to identify genetic markers associated with key milk production traits. Using high‐density SNP chip data and the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (Farm CPU) method via the Memory‐efficient, Visualization‐enhanced, and Parallel‐accelerated R package (rMVP) (Version 1.0.7.), we analyzed traits including test‐day milk yield (TDMY), total protein (TP), casein (CN), whey (W), protein percentage (P), fat percentage (F), lactose percentage (L), total solids (TS), density (D), solids‐not‐fat (SNF), salt (S), and freezing point (FP). This study identified 16 significant SNPs associated with these traits, including rs41661899 on Chromosome 6, which was significantly associated with both TP and W, and rs42274954 on Chromosome 12, which was significantly associated with CN. Eight SNPs, such as rs43560693, rs109098713, rs111029661, rs134499665, rs133908307, rs133627532, rs42098411, and rs110066280, were found across multiple chromosomes (8, 10, 14, 15, 19, 21, 26, and 28, respectively) and were significantly associated with milk P. Additionally, SNPs rs110844447 and rs135995768 on Chromosomes 6 and 14 were significantly associated with D and FP, respectively. Three SNPs, including rs109564259, rs135552551, and rs41620904 on Chromosomes 6, 11, and 24, were significant associations with S. Candidate genes identified near and within these SNPs include TRAM1L1, DIAPH3, PEBP4, WDR89, BCAS3, RALGAPA1, HABP2, NRG3, HPSE, PCDH7, LINC02579, TRNAS‐GGA, and OR5CN1P. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of milk‐related traits in Ethiopian dairy cattle and highlight the potential for marker‐assisted selection to improve milk production and composition in breeding programs.
Synchronization in PLL Networks: Numerical Simulations Using Julia
Authors: Piqueira José R. C. , Lee Pedro Augusto Yi Wei , Franco Isabelle Coelho
Published: October 2024

Clock distribution systems are used in many applications requiring accurate time basis: integrated circuits, computer networks, satellite communications, and Global Position System (GPS). Trying to automatize the design of clock distribution systems, this work presents a general formulation considering the possible topologies and parameters, building a computational tool allowing to design and evaluate the performance of any case to be studied. The developed tool enables to simulate networks setting the number of nodes, internal node parameters, topology, perturbations, and signal propagation delays. The simulation results include response times, synchronization quality, and stability for all types of arrangements: mutually connected, chains, rings, stars, and mixed architectures.
Protection of Stored Common Bean and Maize Grains Using Optimally Synthesized Biosilica from Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Zing Zing Bertrand , Messi Ambassa Lin Marcellin , Ehabe Ejolle Eugene , Belibi Belibi Desire Placide , Kede Charles Melea
Published: October 2024

Losses provoked by insect pests on stored cereals and legumes contribute immensely to reduce food security, especially in rural communities in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The application of integrated control strategies, involving the use of synthetic pesticides, is often expensive and hazardous to humans and the environment. This study was conducted to optimize the production and use of biosilica from rice husk ashes, for the control of Sitophilus zeamais and Acanthoscelides obtectus, major insect pests of stored maize and common bean grains. The amorphous nature of the derived silica molecules coupled with the silanol and siloxane groups on their surfaces seemed to account for silica’s insecticidal effects on the pests, which were more on A. obtectus on common beans than S. zeamais on maize grains, with full mortalities obtained at doses of about 1.25 g per 50 g bean seeds and about 2.25 g per 50 g maize seeds, within 3 and 12 days, respectively. Similarly, the daily lethal dose (LD50) of silica powder required to obtain the mortality of half of the insects was lower on common beans than on maize seeds. The reduced phytotoxic activity of the biosilica on the stored common bean and maize grains indicates therefore that it could make an ecofriendly alternative to conventional protectants for small quantities of stored grains. However, large‐scale studies are needed in order to evaluate its potential use in grain storage systems.
Vaginal Cuff Infection Caused by Ureaplasma parvum After Hysterectomy for Uterine Cervical Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Chikamatsu Hayato , Taki Mana , Kitamura Sachiko , Sunada Masumi , Yamanoi Koji , Murakami Ryusuke , Yamaguchi Ken , Horie Akihito , Tsuchido Yasuhiro , Hamanishi Junzo , Mandai Masaki
Published: October 2024

Ureaplasma parvum is one of the most common endemic mycoplasmas in the genitourinary tract and can cause amniotic fluid infection leading to preterm labor. We report a rare case of Ureaplasma parvum infection ascending from the vagina to the abdominal cavity after hysterectomy, causing vaginal cuff infection, postoperative peritonitis, and small bowel obstruction. A 29‐year‐old nulliparous woman presented with infected uterine cervical cancer. After radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer, the patient had paralytic ileus with ascites and fever. Peritonitis was suspected; however, all cultures were negative, making it difficult to identify the causative organism. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the ascites revealed Ureaplasma parvum, which could be treated with levofloxacin (LVFX). Open drainage to control the infection revealed a necrotic tissue around vaginal cuff and the small intestine encased in cocoon‐like fibers like sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. After the infection was improved, the bowel obstruction was also improved. Ureaplasma spp. can be difficult to culture. PCR testing for Ureaplasma infection should be considered when urogenital infection is suspected in patients prone to opportunistic infections, such as those with malignant tumors.
An Uncommon Manifestation of a Great Imitator: Gummatous Syphilis of the Liver in an HIV‐Positive Patient
Authors: Solomon Nadia , Heller Tom , Manciulli Tommaso , Del Giacomo Paola , de Gaetano Donati Katleen , Brunetti Enrico , Taccari Francesco
Published: October 2024

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum. It progresses in phases and undiagnosed disease can cause considerable morbidity. Tertiary syphilis causes the formation of gummas. Liver involvement is rarely described and usually limited to transaminase elevation during primary syphilis. We present a case of tertiary syphilis in an HIV patient. Microbiological, clinical, and radiological information were retrieved from the patient’s record. Gummatous syphilis is rarely described in the literature, and practicing physicians should be aware of its existence and include this manifestation in the differential diagnosis of patients with a positive serology and focal liver lesions.
Preparation of Granular Organic Iodine and Selenium Complex Fertilizer Based on Biochar for Biofortification of Parsley
Authors: Doszhanov Yerlan , Atamanov Meiram , Jandosov Jakpar , Saurykova Karina , Bassygarayev Zhandos , Orazbayev Adilkhan , Turganbay Seitzhan , Sabitov Aitugan
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the potential of biochar derived from various biomass sources: apricot kernel (AK), pine sawdust (PS), rice husk (RH), wheat straw (WS), and reed stem (RS) to enhance the yield, nutritional quality, and environmental sustainability of parsley crops. Comprehensive characterization through SEM, EDAX, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, and FTIR analyses identified AK biochar as the most suitable for further enrichment due to its superior specific surface area (512.3 m2/g) and iodine number (51.23 mg/g). EDAX analysis revealed that AK biochar exhibited the highest carbon content (92.1%), while RH biochar contained the highest silicon content (46%), indicating different potential applications. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups, such as carbonyl (1740 cm⁻1) and hydroxyl (3430 cm⁻1) groups, which contribute to the biochar’s reactivity and potential effectiveness in various applications. The effects of selenium (Na2SeO4), iodine (KI), their combination (Na2SeO4 + KI), and BISF (biochar‐enriched iodine and selenium fertilizer) on parsley growth, antioxidant properties, and nutrient accumulation were evaluated. The results demonstrated that joint applications of iodide and selenate led to a 3.1‐fold increase in iodine content (up to 16.8 mg/kg d.w.) and a 1.2‐fold increase in selenium accumulation (up to 2482.1 μg/kg d.w.) in parsley compared to separate treatments. Additionally, BISF treatment significantly improved key biometric parameters, with leaf weight increasing by 1.6 times (up to 326.5 g) compared to the control, and antioxidant content—ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity—showing increases of 1.56, 1.27, and 1.50 times, respectively. This study underscores the effectiveness of selenium‐ and iodine‐enriched biochar in enhancing parsley crop yield and nutritional quality while also demonstrating the multifunctional role of biochar in environmental remediation.
Structural Damage Classification in Offshore Structures Under Environmental Variations and Measured Noises Using Linear Discrimination Analysis
Authors: Jiang Yufeng , Liu Yu , Wang Shuqing
Published: October 2024

Changing environmental conditions and measured noises often affect the dynamic responses of structures and can obscure subtle changes in the vibration characteristics caused by damage. To address this issue, a new method for classifying damage in offshore structures under varying environmental conditions and measured noises is proposed using linear discrimination analysis (LDA). Two sets of data on dynamic characteristics, one from healthy structures and the other from unknown testing structures, are used to determine the optimal projection vector. This vector is perpendicular to the discriminant hyperplane and is used for damage classification. The damage‐sensitive features are extracted by projecting both sets of data onto this vector. These features are then used with the hypothesis test technique to determine the condition state of the testing structure. Numerical studies on offshore wind turbine structures and experimental validations of a deep‐sea mining system are being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The study also examines the impact of mode combinations, measured noises and samples on the performance of the approach. The results indicate that the proposed approach can accurately assess the structural health state even in the presence of environmental changes and noise contamination, even with limited samples. The promising performance of the approach will facilitate the establishment of an online structural monitoring system to ensure the safety of offshore structures.
Supplementary Table S4 from ATF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth and Stemness by Regulating the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Rodvold Jeffrey J. , Grimmer Matthew , Ruiz Karen , Marsters Scot A. , Oikonomidi Ioanna , Tan-Aristy Eileen , Pham Victoria C. , Sarkar Tamal , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Shatz-Binder Whitney , Modrusan Zora D. , Wu Thomas D. , Lill Jennie R. , Villemure Elisia , Rudolph Joachim , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Ashkenazi Avi
Published: October 2024

Annotation of CRC organoid mutations
Supplementary Figure S8 from ATF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth and Stemness by Regulating the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Rodvold Jeffrey J. , Grimmer Matthew , Ruiz Karen , Marsters Scot A. , Oikonomidi Ioanna , Tan-Aristy Eileen , Pham Victoria C. , Sarkar Tamal , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Shatz-Binder Whitney , Modrusan Zora D. , Wu Thomas D. , Lill Jennie R. , Villemure Elisia , Rudolph Joachim , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Ashkenazi Avi
Published: October 2024

Wnt surrogate restores Wnt-pathway activity and growth of PDM-272 organoids in context of ATF6 inhibition
Supplementary Figure S7 from ATF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth and Stemness by Regulating the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Rodvold Jeffrey J. , Grimmer Matthew , Ruiz Karen , Marsters Scot A. , Oikonomidi Ioanna , Tan-Aristy Eileen , Pham Victoria C. , Sarkar Tamal , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Shatz-Binder Whitney , Modrusan Zora D. , Wu Thomas D. , Lill Jennie R. , Villemure Elisia , Rudolph Joachim , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Ashkenazi Avi
Published: October 2024

ATF6 inhibition in PDM-272 organoids attenuates cell cycle progression and promotes multilineage intestinal differentiation
Supplementary Figure S4 from ATF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth and Stemness by Regulating the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Rodvold Jeffrey J. , Grimmer Matthew , Ruiz Karen , Marsters Scot A. , Oikonomidi Ioanna , Tan-Aristy Eileen , Pham Victoria C. , Sarkar Tamal , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Shatz-Binder Whitney , Modrusan Zora D. , Wu Thomas D. , Lill Jennie R. , Villemure Elisia , Rudolph Joachim , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Ashkenazi Avi
Published: October 2024

ATF6 disruption decreases CRC cell seeding capacity
Associations between Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Histopathological Features in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jonas , Potratz Johann , Jechorek Dörthe , Schramm Kai Ina , Borggrefe Jan , Surov Alexey
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The relationships between histopathology and imaging remain elusive, and investigating the underlying reasons for tumor microstructure leading to an imaging phenotype is of clinical importance. In the present study, a cross-sectional guided biopsy specimen was used to correlate prebioptic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with immunohistochemical staining of the histopathologic specimen using precise spatial biopsy localization. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) were included in the present analysis. All patients were imaged with a 1.5 T clinical scanner at least 1 month prior to biopsy. The contrast-enhanced dynamic sequences were analyzed with quantified signal intensities. The bioptic specimens were obtained by cross-sectional guided biopsy and further analyzed for cell density, proliferation index (Ki67), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), and collagen. Results: There were no statistically significant correlations between MRI signal intensities and cell count, TSR, Ki67 index, and CD45 count. Only a moderate correlation was observed between relative signal intensities of the venous phase and the collagen-stained area (r = 0.40, p = 0.04). Conclusion: DCE-MRI is not associated with histopathological features in CCA. The complex interactions of tumor and tumor microenvironment are not reflected in the MRI phenotype.
Nutrition and Physical Activity in Older Adults with CKD: Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: D'Alessandro Claudia , Giannese Domenico , Ruisi Maria Rosaria , Pellegrino Nicola , Lucenteforte Ersilia , Panichi Vincenzo , Cupisti Adamasco
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Nutrition and physical activity are two major issues in the management of CKD patients who are often older, have comorbidities, and are prone to malnutrition and physical inactivity, conditions that cause loss of quality of life and increase the risk of death. We performed a multidimensional assessment of nutritional status and of physical performance and activity in CKD patients on conservative therapy in order to assess the prevalence of sedentary behavior and its relationship with body composition. Methods: A total of 115 consecutive stable CKD patients aged 45–80 years were included in the study. They had no major skeletal, muscular, or neurological disabilities. All patients underwent a multidimensional assessment of body composition, physical activity, and exercise capacity. Results: Sedentary patients, as defined by mean daily METs <1.5, were older and differed from non-sedentary patients in terms of body composition, exercise capacity, and nutrient intake, even after adjusting for age. Average daily METs were positively associated with lean body mass, muscle strength, 6MWT performance but negatively associated with fat body mass, body mass index, and waist circumference. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle may have negative effects on free fat mass, muscle strength, and exercise capacity and may increase fat body mass. Conversely, decrease in muscle mass and/or an increase in fat mass may lead to a decrease in physical activity and exercise capacity. Conclusion: There is a clear association and potential interrelationship between nutritional aspects and exercise capacity in older adults with CKD: they are really the two sides of the same coin.
FORTA Score and Negative Outcomes in Older Adults: Insights from Italian Internal Medicine Wards
Authors: Azab Marina , Novella Alessio , Pasina Luca
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the relationship between the Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA) score – a classification system designed to evaluate medication appropriateness in older adults – and several negative outcomes, including impaired cognitive performance, functional status, adverse clinical events, and all-cause mortality at 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge. Methods: This retrospective study utilized data from the ELICADHE cohort, a cluster-randomized trial conducted across 20 Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards. The study included patients aged 75 and older with complete FORTA score assessments. Demographics, medication history, and comorbidities were collected. The FORTA classification system assessed medication appropriateness. FORTA scores were calculated and FORTA score cut-offs (3 and 5) were applied. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, survival analysis with Cox regression, logistic regression, and negative-binomial regression using SAS 9.4 and RStudio 12.1. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: Of the 506 patients included, 171 (33.8%) were fully assessable with complete FORTA scores. The study found no significant association between higher FORTA scores and impaired cognitive performance, functional status, or mortality. Additionally, no clear relationship was observed between FORTA scores and adverse clinical events or mortality. The analysis indicated that age was a significant factor associated with mortality and adverse clinical events. Conclusion: The study did not find a significant relationship between the FORTA score and negative outcomes in older patients discharged from internal medicine and geriatric wards. Further research is needed to define specific FORTA score cut-off values and expand the criteria to improve medication assessment in this population.
2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Authors: Bushnell Cheryl , Kernan Walter N. , Sharrief Anjail Z. , Chaturvedi Seemant , Cole John W. , Cornwell William K. , Cosby-Gaither Christine , Doyle Sarah , Goldstein Larry B. , Lennon Olive , Levine Deborah A. , Love Mary , Miller Eliza , Nguyen-Huynh Mai , Rasmussen-Winkler Jennifer , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Rosendale Nicole , Sarma Satyam , Shimbo Daichi , Simpkins Alexis N. , Spatz Erica S. , Sun Lisa R. , Tangpricha Vin , Turnage Dawn , Velazquez Gabriela , Whelton Paul K.
Published: October 2024

AIM:

The “2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke” replaces the 2014 “Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke.” This updated guideline is intended to be a resource for clinicians to use to guide various prevention strategies for individuals with no history of stroke.

METHODS:

A comprehensive search for literature published since the 2014 guideline; derived from research involving human participants published in English; and indexed in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and other selected and relevant databases was conducted between May and November 2023. Other documents on related subject matter previously published by the American Heart Association were also reviewed.

STRUCTURE:

Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes lead to significant disability but, most important, are preventable. The 2024 primary prevention of stroke guideline provides recommendations based on current evidence for strategies to prevent stroke throughout the life span. These recommendations align with the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 for optimizing cardiovascular and brain health, in addition to preventing incident stroke. We also have added sex-specific recommendations for screening and prevention of stroke, which are new compared with the 2014 guideline. Many recommendations for similar risk factor prevention were updated, new topics were reviewed, and recommendations were created when supported by sufficient-quality published data.
Is the Modern Arctic Marginal Ice Zone More Susceptible to Summer Cyclones?
Authors: Mundi Claire , L’Ecuyer Tristan
Published: October 2024

As Arctic sea ice melts, cyclones potentially enhance the mechanical and thermodynamic forces that influence the vulnerable ice edge. However, examples can be found in satellite observations and reanalyses where cyclones either locally increase or decrease ice within the marginal ice zone (MIZ). Two case studies with these opposing ice responses are presented. Guided by the tendencies during these events, 264 strong (minimum surface pressure below 984 hPa) summer cyclones were sorted by prevailing wind direction and sea surface temperature (SST) changes within the MIZ to quantify the net ice impacts in the present-day Arctic (2010–19) and early satellite era (1982–91). By tracking the MIZ ice area from 1 week before the cyclone’s formation through 2 weeks after, we find cyclones that enhance southerly winds mostly decrease the ice area, whereas enhanced northerlies generally increase the ice area within the MIZ later in the season. Furthermore, early summer storms tend to decrease the MIZ ice area more than late summer storms. A shift toward more frequent early summer storms is observed from the 1980s to the 2010s, resulting in almost two-thirds of recent storms decreasing area. Consequently, recent summer cyclones have more negative impacts, resulting in a decline of more than 40 000 km2 of MIZ ice area on average, whereas 1980s cyclones had little aggregate impact. Wind direction and SST trends partially reconcile the wide range of MIZ ice area changes due to cyclone passage, yet considerable variations in individual cyclones’ impacts remain even when controlling for these factors. These bulk diagnostics therefore only explain part of the complex ice–cyclone relationship.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand how intense summer storms in the Arctic impact the underlying, low-concentration sea ice around the ice edge (where the ice is most vulnerable to external changes). Both enhanced decreases and increases in ice area within this region over the lifetime of a storm were observed, with late summer impacts dominated by differences in mean wind direction over the sea ice. Overall, storms earlier in the summer season were found to decrease ice area more than storms later in the season. We also found a shift in the distribution of storms to earlier in the summer when comparing the 1980s–2010s, causing more negative effects from cyclones overall in recent years.
Impacts of an Upper-Tropospheric Cold Low on Tropical Cyclone Intensity
Authors: Li Han , Ge Xuyang , Peng Melinda , Wang Zhuo
Published: October 2024

Following a previous study examining the influence of an upper-tropospheric cold low (CL) on the track of a nearby tropical cyclone (TC), this study investigates the impacts of a CL on TC intensity. The results suggest that the relative position and separation distance between the CL and the TC are the key factors affecting TC intensity. When located outside the CL’s radius of maximum winds (RMW) but within its circulation, TCs initially in the northwest quadrant of the CL intensify faster than those in the other quadrants. The β effect causes the CL to move northwestward toward the TC and enhances eddy angular momentum flux convergence. Meanwhile, the upper-level TC outflow erodes the CL and reduces the associated vertical wind shear, promoting TC intensification. In contrast, for TCs initially located southeast of the CL, the attraction of the Fujiwhara effect between the two entities counteracts the CL’s β drift and helps to maintain their separation distance. Moreover, Rossby wave energy dispersion induces an anticyclone southeast of the CL, which transports lower-θe air toward the TC and hinders the TC development. Furthermore, TCs within the CL’s RMW reach a similar intensity due to their PV superposition, irrespective of their relative positions to the CL. For TCs located outside the CL circulation, the CL’s impacts are largely negligible for TCs located northwest of the CL, but TCs located southeast of the CL may still be affected by the CL-induced anticyclone.

Significance Statement

This study examines the influence of an upper-tropospheric cold low on tropical cyclone intensity. The results illustrate that the relative position and separation distance between the cold low and tropical cyclone are crucial factors in determining tropical cyclone intensity. Tropical cyclones initially northwest of a cold low intensify faster than those to the southeast when located outside the cold low’s radius of maximum winds but still within its circulation. The main mechanisms are how the β steering and interactions between the two entities act together. The midlevel intrusion of cold, dry air and Rossby energy dispersion also contribute to their complex interaction. These insights provide a guide for forecasting the tropical cyclone intensity when influenced by a nearby upper-level cold low.
Building Political Agreements in Democracy
Authors: Coller Xavier , Sánchez-Ferrer Leonardo
Published: October 2024

This special issue analyzes the factors that influence political conflict and consensus in the parliaments of advanced democracies, with a focus on Spain. The articles in this issue utilize original data on legislation passed since 1977, both at the national level and in regional parliaments, along with surveys of parliamentary elites and citizens, and they present revealing findings. For example, it is shown that parliamentary agreement is more frequent than is generally acknowledged in the media and that, paradoxically, the most divided and fragmented parliaments show a greater tendency to cooperate. However, factors such as increasing affective polarization and populist attitudes among parliamentarians pose significant challenges for the future of legislative agreement.