bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of Celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) Extract and its Effects on Botrytis tulipae (Lib.) Lind Fungus and the Tulip
Authors: PARVU Marcel , VLASE Laurian , FODORPATAKI Laszlo , PARVU Ovidiu , ROSCA-CASIAN Oana , BARTHA Csaba , BARBU-TUDORAN Lucian , PARVU Alina Elena
Published: March 2018

In this study, the content of chelidonine and berberine alkaloids, and sterols and phenols in the Chelidonium majus plant extract were analyzed. Subsequently, the effects of the extract on the germination and growth of Botrytis tulipae fungus on nutritive medium were compared to the effects of fluconazole. The plant extract was used at the minimum inhibitory concentration on B. tulipae developed in tulip leaves and the in vivo effects were investigated. The influence of different concentrations of C. majus extract on the physiological processes of the tulip (gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic light use efficiency, and induced chlorophyll fluorescence) were also tested to assess the applicability of the extract for the protection of ornamental plants against fungal infection. Our results demonstrated that 2% celandine extract does not significantly change the gas exchange parameters (transpiration rate, carbon dioxide uptake, and stomatal conductivity) of leaves exposed for 2 h, and does not interfere with the photochemical processes in the leaves. However, in higher concentrations, it increases the transpiration rate and net carbon dioxide influx. At concentrations of 15% and 20%, the extract lowers the potential quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II and the vitality index of the photosynthetic apparatus. Therefore we recommend the use of lower concentrations (â‰¤6%) of celandine extract for the biological protection of tulips against gray mold.
Structural Analysis of Reproductive Development in Pistillate Flowers of Laurus nobilis L.
Authors: AYTÜRK Özlem , ÜNAL Meral
Published: March 2018

In Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) the development of female flowers (pistillate), between floral meristem differentiation and fruit formation was inspected through histological sections and SEM techniques. The reproductive development of the female flower starts when the apical meristem converts into a floral meristem. Four tepals, four stamens and a carpel are developed from the floral meristem in turn. Filaments emerge however, anther development is arrested, and stamens become nonfunctional staminodes. The stigma is of the dry type. The solid style being short and thick consists of an epidermis, a cortex, a vascular bundle and a core of transmitting tissue composed of elongated cells. In the style a funnel-shaped zone extending from within the stigma to the stylar base is visible. The presence of high amounts of sugars and lipid substances within and around the vascular bundles are identified by histochemical techniques. The ovary contains an anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate ovule. Starch grains are present throughout the development of nucellar tissue. The chalazal region of nuclear endosperm forms a short haustorium. Endosperm does not exist in mature seed; the cotyledons are piled with considerably large starch grains. Idioblasts are observed in all stages of development.
Different Habitats Show Similar Genetic Structure of Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae)in Lithuania
Authors: PATAMSYTĖ Jolanta , ČĖSNIENĖ Tatjana , NAUGŽEMYS Donatas , KLEIZAITĖ Violeta , TUNAITIENĖ Virginija , TUNAITIENĖ Virginija , RANČELIS Vytautas , MIKALIŪNAITĖ Rita , ŽVINGILA Donatas
Published: March 2018

We studied genetic diversity within and among populations of warty cabbage (Bunias orientalis L.), which is an alien species in Lithuania and other Baltic countries. In Lithuania, this weed colonises two main types of habitats: railway/roadsides and meadows on riversides. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic structure of invasive populations of B. orientalis in Lithuania and consider the impact of diverse habitats on the partitioning of genetic diversity using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) carried out on the basis of ISSR showed that there is high genetic differentiation (46%) among populations of B. orientalis, which is probably caused by the founder effect and limited gene flow. However, we observed no impact of habitat on the genetic difference among populations. Similar levels of ISSR polymorphic loci were observed in riverside (P = 31.67%) and railway/roadsides (P = 30.51%) populations. UPGMA cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) also did not show grouping of studied populations according to habitat type. High genetic differentiation among populations, as indicated by ISSR markers, confirm multiple independent introductions of this species in Lithuania.
Preliminary Characterization of Wild Grapevine Populations (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) Grown Along the Danube River
Authors: POPESCU Carmen F. , DEJEU Liviu C. , OCETE Rafael R.
Published: March 2018

The individuals belonging to three different groups of wild grapevines populations Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi harvested along, or near the Danube River, were described by means of usual ampelographic methods. The twenty standardized descriptors used for morphological analysis revealed obvious differentiation among analyzed populations. Out of 65 individuals, a half produced flowers with separate sex and a high proportion of them were males (70%). Pollen measurements on light microscope provided information on differences in pollen size among inside wild grapevine populations of V. sylvestris with the polar length varying between 15.3 and 23 Î¼m and the equatorial length between 15.5 and 24.4Î¼m. The in vitro regenerative potential from meristematic tissue tested with each phenotype showed that the moment of differentiation, the aspect of proliferative structures and the rate of multiplication varied inside these wild grapevine populations, without any correlation with the location of harvesting. Our results provided valuable information about these Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris populations, possible to be used as starting plant material for research in general and further breeding of cultivars and grapevine rootstocks.
Total Economic Value of Natural Capital - A Case Study of Piatra Craiului National Park
Authors: POPA Bogdan , COMAN Claudiu , BORZ Stelian A. , NITA Dan M. , CODREANU Codrin , IGNEA Gheorghe , MARINESCU Viorel , IORAS Florin , IONESCU Ovidiu
Published: March 2018

In the last two decades different methodologies for assessing the economic implications of protected areas have been developed within the framework of "Total Economic Value", taking into account not only goods and services that have a price and a market but also those not priced or marketed. The present paper, by using a number of recognized methodologies applied by environmental economists around the world, estimates the economic value of ecosystem services of Piatra Craiului National Park, in one of the first attempts to frame ecosystem services valuation in Romania. The approach and results include a benefit distribution analysis, for both the economic sectors and the groups of beneficiaries. Even if the data are not comprehensive and depend on several assumptions, the paper provides very important practical and policy-relevant information on the economic value of Piatra Craiului National Park, in an attempt to stimulate increasing of the budgetary allocation and economic policy priority for protected areas in Romania.
Análisis de las políticas de desegregación e inclusión social en el contexto español
Authors: Gago-Cortés Carmen , Novo-Corti Isabel
Published: March 2018

Resumen En España, muchas actuaciones de erradicación del chabolismo se centraban únicamente en la eliminación de los aspectos más visibles del problema, generando desacuerdo social. Este trabajo analiza en qué medida las nuevas políticas de realojo y dispersión aplicadas recientemente en los poblados chabolistas del noroeste de este país fomentan actitudes favorables hacia la inclusión social de las personas desplazadas, la mayoría de etnia gitana. Para ello se ha realizado un cuestionario que recoge las percepciones tanto de los afectados por los realojos como de las personas que los acogen en sus vecindarios. Mediante el análisis cuantitativo y exploratorio de los datos, se ha detectado una buena predisposición social hacia la inclusión social de las personas chabolistas en las viviendas normalizadas, identificando aquellos aspectos en los que es necesario reforzar este tipo de intervenciones.
APLICABILIDADE DE UM QUESTIONÁRIO GENÉRICO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE QUALIDADE DE VIDA PARA CRIANÇAS ASMÁTICAS
Authors: Silva Ana Aline Marcelino da , Maciel Álvaro Campos Cavalcanti , Furtado Priscilla Rique , Tomaz Renata Ramos , Macêdo Thalita Medeiros Fernandes de , Mendonça Karla Morganna Pereira Pinto de
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se o instrumento genérico Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) é aplicável à avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de crianças asmáticas, quando comparado ao instrumento específico Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). Métodos: Foram avaliadas 30 crianças com idade entre sete e onze anos de idade e diagnóstico de asma havia, pelo menos, seis meses. Ambos os questionários foram respondidos no mesmo dia, por meio de entrevista. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 20.0, atribuindo-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Não ocorreram diferenças significativas na qualidade de vida das crianças avaliadas de acordo os sexos. As crianças asmáticas classificadas como praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física obtiveram escores significativamente diferentes no domínio relacionado à saúde física (PedsQL 4.0). Crianças com diferentes níveis de gravidade e controle da asma apresentaram diferenças significativas nos escores obtidos em dois dos três domínios avaliados por meio do PAQLQ. Ao serem avaliadas com o instrumento PedsQL 4.0, nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada na qualidade de vida das crianças com diferentes níveis de controle e gravidade da asma. As medidas de qualidade de vida de crianças asmáticas obtidas pelos instrumentos PedsQL 4.0 e PAQLQ apresentaram correlação moderada e significativa (r=0,415, p=0,02). Conclusões: O instrumento PedsQL 4.0 diferenciou as crianças com diferentes níveis de atividade física. No entanto, ele não foi sensível para diferenciar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em crianças com diferentes níveis de gravidade e controle da asma.
RAQUITISMO HIPOFOSFATÊMICO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Maia Marta Liliane de Almeida , Abreu Ana Lucia Santos , Nogueira Paulo Cesar Koch , Val Maria Luiza Dautro Moreira do , Carvalhaes João Tomas de Abreu , Andrade Maria Cristina de
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: O raquitismo hipofosfatêmico precisa ser precocemente diagnosticado porque seu tratamento previne sequelas incapacitantes. Este relato alerta para a doença. Relato de caso: Relato de perfil metabólico, depuração de creatinina, estado nutricional e desenvolvimento pôndero-estatural de paciente com características clínico-laboratoriais de raquitismo hipofosfatêmico, atendido em ambulatório de tubulopatias por período de 12 meses. Chegou ao serviço após tempo prolongado acamado, dependente de ventilação mecânica e com perfil metabólico ósseo alterado. Terapêutica consistiu na administração de fósforo (inicial: 65 mg/kg/dia, final: 24,2 mg/kg/dia), cálcio (inicial: 127 mg/kg/dia, final: 48,4 mg/kg/dia) e calcitriol (inicial: 0,06 mcg/kg/dia, final: 0,03 mcg/kg/dia), e a análise constou da descrição das consultas, utilizando-se mediana de exames laboratoriais e dados antropométricos. Observou-se nítida melhora inicial do padrão respiratório do paciente, que evoluiu com ventilação espontânea e deambulação autônoma; com exames laboratoriais: cálcio (mg/dL) inicial 7,1, final 10,1; fósforo (mg/dL) inicial 1,7, final 3,2; magnésio (mg/dL) inicial 1,5, final 2,1; paratormônio (pg/L) inicial 85,8, final 52,7; fosfatase alcalina (UI/L) inicial 12660, final 938; e melhora do desenvolvimento pôndero-estatural (escore Z: E/I inicial: -6,05, final -3,64; P/I: inicial -2,92, final -1,57) com presença de litíase transitória. A depuração de creatinina (mL/min/1,73 m2sc) foi constante durante o seguimento. O tratamento propiciou benefícios clínicos, bioquímicos e nutricionais, mas, apesar da boa resposta inicial, a família abandonou o seguimento por dois anos, apresentando o paciente piora da deambulação e das deformidades esqueléticas. Comentários: Não apenas diagnóstico precoce é necessário, como também a adesão ao tratamento é fundamental para o sucesso na condução dessa patologia.
TOLERÂNCIA AO EXERCÍCIO, FUNÇÃO PULMONAR, FORÇA MUSCULAR RESPIRATÓRIA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM CARDIOPATIA REUMÁTICA
Authors: Melo Andressa Lais Salvador de , Lira Yasmin França Bezerra de , Lima Luziene Alencar Bonates , Vieira Fabiana Cavalcanti , Dias Alexandre Simões , Andrade Lívia Barboza de
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: Apesar da alta prevalência de cardiopatia reumática no nosso país, a ocorrência de prejuízos funcionais em crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia reumática não está esclarecida. Este estudo visou avaliar tolerância ao exercício, força muscular respiratória, função pulmonar e qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia reumática. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado de agosto a dezembro de 2014, com portadores de cardiopatia reumática de 8 a 16 anos de idade. Os participantes, após preenchimento dos questionários socioeconômico, clínico e de qualidade de vida, foram submetidos a espirometria, manovacuometria e teste de caminhada de seis minutos. As variáveis e seus valores de referência foram comparados pelo teste t de Student pareado. Para comparar as diferenças entre as distâncias percorridas prevista e observada, considerando-se as categorizações dos participantes, foi utilizado o teste t de Student. Correlações entre essas diferenças e as variáveis quantitativas foram feitas pelo coeficiente de Pearson, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Os 56 participantes obtiveram distância percorrida inferior à prevista (p<0,001). As diferenças entre as distâncias prevista e observada mostraram correlação positiva com a frequência cardíaca basal (r=0,3545; p=0,007). A força muscular expiratória também foi inferior à prevista (p<0,001). A qualidade de vida foi de 70; 77 e 67%, respectivamente, nos domínios geral, físico e psicossocial. Conclusões: Crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia reumática apresentam tolerância reduzida ao exercício, a qual está relacionada com uma maior frequência cardíaca basal; eles também demonstram prejuízo na força expiratória e na qualidade de vida.
DEFICIÊNCIA DE VITAMINA A EM CRIANÇAS BRASILEIRAS E VARIÁVEIS ASSOCIADAS
Authors: Lima Daniela Braga , Damiani Lucas Petri , Fujimori Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar variáveis associadas à deficiência de vitamina A (DVA) em crianças brasileiras de 6 a 59 meses de idade, considerando um modelo hierárquico de determinação. Métodos: Trata-se de um recorte da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS), realizada em 2006. A análise dos dados incluiu 3.417 crianças de seis a 59 meses com dados de retinol. A DVA foi definida como retinol sérico <0,7 mmol/L. Realizaram-se análises univariada e ajustada por regressão múltipla de Poisson, com nível de significância de 5%, utilizando-se modelo hierárquico de determinação que considerou três blocos de variáveis: vinculadas aos processos estruturais da sociedade (variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas); ao ambiente imediato da criança (variáveis maternas, de segurança e consumo alimentar); e individuais (características biológicas da criança). Os dados foram expressos em razão de prevalência (RP). Resultados: Após ajuste para variáveis de confusão, permaneceram associadas à DVA: residir no Sudeste [RP=1,59; IC95% 1,19-2,17] e no Nordeste [RP=1,56; IC95% 1,16-2,15]; em zona urbana [RP=1,31; IC95% 1,02-1,72]; ter mãe com idade ≥36 anos [RP=2,28; IC95% 1,37-3,98]; sendo proteção consumir carne pelo menos uma vez nos últimos sete dias [RP=0,24; IC95% 0,13-0,42]. Conclusões: As principais variáveis associadas à DVA no país relacionam-se aos processos estruturais da sociedade e ao ambiente imediato da criança, e não aos individuais.
MARCADORES ULTRASSONOGRÁFICOS DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM CRIANÇAS OBESAS
Authors: Costa Karla Cristina Malta , Ciampo Luiz Antonio Del , Silva Patrícia Silveira , Lima Jailson Costa , Martins Wellington de Paula , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se a obesidade altera os marcadores ultrassonográficos de risco metabólico e cardiovascular em crianças. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 80 crianças entre 6 e 10 anos, comparando 40 crianças obesas com 40 crianças normais. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: peso; altura; índice de massa corporal; pressão arterial; massa gorda; taxa metabólica basal; HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol e colesterol total; insulina de jejum e glicose; índice quantitativo de verificação da sensibilidade à insulina (QUICKI); Homeostase Modell Assessment (HOMA-IR); Diâmetro basal da artéria braquial; Dilatação mediada pelo fluxo da artéria braquial (FMD) e variação do índice de pulsatilidade (PI-C). Resultados: Entre obesos e não obesos, observaram-se diferenças significativas na pressão arterial sistólica (97,7±8,4 vs. 89,0±5,8 mmHg; p<0,01), pressão arterial diastólica (64,3±7,9 vs. 52,9±5.1 mmHg; p<0,01), gordura corporal (45,1±5,9 vs. 21,3±6,0%; p<0,01), taxa metabólica basal (1216,1±102,1 vs. 1072,9±66,4 Kcal; p<0,01), colesterol (164,7±25,2 vs. 153,4±15,8 mg/dL; p=0,03), insulina de jejum (7,1±5,2 vs. 2,8±1,8 pIU/mL; p<0,01), HOMA-IR (1,5±1,1 vs. 0,6±0,4; p<0.01), diâmetro basal da artéria braquial (2,5±0,3 vs. 2,1±0,3 mm; p<0,01); PI-C (-15,5±27,2 vs. -31,9±15,5%; p<0,01), redução de QUICKI (0,4±0,05 vs. 0,4±0,03; p<0,01) e FMD (6,6±3,2 vs. 15,6±7,3%; p<0,01). Conclusões: A obesidade piora os marcadores ultrassonográficos e laboratoriais de risco metabólico e cardiovascular em crianças.
Analysis of the effects of the stream confluence on the Alagoas Aqueduct
Authors: Lima Jerônimo Leoni Leandro , Souza Vladimir Caramori Borges de
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The project of the Canal do Sertão (Alagoas Aqueduct) is an important step toward social and economic development in the semiarid region of Alagoas State in Brazil. Therefore, a hydrodynamic assessment in the canal is necessary due to a complex drainage system under parameters that were not considered during the project design and execution, mainly along the reach km 67, where it is located a convergent confluence and an overchute structure. The analysis conducted in this study addressed three main aspects: i) verify possible risks to the water quality of the canal, pumped from São Francisco River; ii) evaluate scenarios with risks to the canal structure due a convergent confluence between Riacho Seco and the stream of the tributary basins, which flows over a drainage structure crossing the canal at km 67.28; and iii) analyze the water level elevation into the overchute structure, submerged during flood events, and the water level elevation in the upstream reach of the confluence of the Riacho Seco, with a length of 620 m parallel to the canal and separate by a distance of 80 m from each other, where the level may rise reaching the left levee of the canal. Thus, were assessed the potential effect of the Riacho Seco confluence with the flow discharge of the tributary basins on the overchute structure at km 67.28 of the Canal do Sertão. The analysis of the water elevation and its possible risks to the water quality and the canal structure for different flood scenarios were performed by using the hydrodynamics models HEC-HAS. It was noticed that there is an elevation of the water surface of the tributary streams in the upstream reaches of the convergent confluence and that the drainage structure over the canal do Sertão fails for flow discharge with a return period of 50 years or more, overflowing the water from the drainage system into the channel.
Physiological Performance of Seeds and Level of Herbicide Residues Depending on Application of 2.4-D in Wheat
Authors: AISENBERG G.R. , WESTENDORFF N.R. , LANGARO A.C. , VARGAS L. , AGOSTINETTO D.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: Horseweed control through application of 2.4-D in the winter season is an alternative to manage biotypes resistant to herbicides that belong to other mechanisms of action. The objectives of this study were to assess the physiological quality of wheat seeds and determine the rate of 2.4-D residue, as function of application stages and herbicide rates. The treatments were arranged in factorial scheme, with three application stages (flowering, soft dough and hard dough), and four 2.4-D rates (0; 504; 1,008 and 2,015 g a.i. ha-1). The application of 2.4-D in the wheat crop changed physiological seed quality by increased the rate and total percentage of germination. The application of 2.4-D resulted in herbicide accumulation in seeds, especially when application was carried out at the soft dough stage. Also, the increase in herbicide rate increased the level of residue in the seeds. However, regardless of stage of application for 2.4-D and herbicide rate in use, the values of residue found in the seeds were below the allowed maximum limit.
Patterns of Reproductive and Seed Dispersal and Ecological Significance of the Clonal Spring Ephemeroid Plant Carex physodes in the Gurbantuggut Desert
Authors: ABUDUREHEMAN B. , CHEN Y. , LI X. , ZHANG L. , LIU H. , ZHANG D. , GUAN K.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: Carex physodes is an ephemeral species in the cold desert of Gurbantunggut in Northwest China. It has both asexual and sexual reproductive patterns. The primary aims of this study were to characterize the reproduction systems and identify the role of fruit dispersal in the sexual reproduction of C. physodes. Aboveground and underground biomass, root-shoot ratio, inflorescence biomass, fruit-set of C. physodes were measured and dispersal of perigynia and achenes in the natural habitat and indoor condition were studied. The underground biomass of C. physodes was approximately 10 times more than the aboveground biomass. The most parts of aboveground biomass is allocated to the inflorescence, which suggests that C. physodes allocates most biomass to the reproductive part. C. physodes produces perigynium with a pericarp containing one achene. The perigynia disperse at a much greater distance than achenes at both 1 and 4 m s-1 wind velocity, and the floating time of perigynia in water was much longer than that of achenes. Perigynia can hold more water and adher soil much more easily than achenes, which suggests that perigynia are suitable for wind dispersal, and they also adapt to spread at a long distance by occasionally rainfall. However, achenes may remain near the mother plants and only disperse at short distances. C. physodes is morphologically and physiologically adapted to the cold desert environment via a combination of characters associated with the rhizomatous and perigynium. This adaption may increase the opportunity of survival and expansion of population of C. physodes.
Biological Management of Basal Rot of Onion by Trichoderma harzianum and Withania somnifera
Authors: AKHTAR R. , JAVAID A.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: Onion is attacked by destructive soil-borne fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, resulting in basal rot disease. In the present study, three Trichoderma species (T. pseudokoningii, T. harzianum and T. reesei) and leaves of solanaceous weed Withania somnifera were used for management of this disease. The in vitro interaction study revealed T. harzianum as the most effective biocontrol agent against the pathogen. In a pot trial, dried leaf material of W. somnifera (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) and inoculum of T. harzianum were mixed in the pot soil previously inoculated with the pathogen. The highest incidence of the disease (87%) was found in positive control (pathogen inoculation without any amendment). Different rates of dry leaf material reduced the incidence of the disease to 41-66%. T. harzianum in combination with leaf material reduced the incidence of the disease to 20-53%. In a laboratory bioassay, the dry leaf extract of W. somnifera was prepared in methanol and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The highest concentration (200 mg mL-1) of all except for the n-butanol fraction significantly decreased fungal biomass over control. This study concludes that basal rot of onion can be controlled by combined application of W. somnifera dry leaf material and biological control agent T. harzianum.
Associations Between Herbicides and Glyphosate in Agronomic Performance of RR2 Intact Soybean
Authors: CESCO V.J.S. , ALBRECHT A.J.P. , RODRIGUES D.M. , KRENCHINSKI F.H. , ALBRECHT L.P.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT: The Roundup Ready (RR) soybean was developed for weed control with the use of glyphosate. Some herbicide combinations with glyphosate has been used in weed control and some effects of this practice may be undesirable in the agronomic performance of RR soybean. The present study evaluated the agronomic performance of RR2 intact soybean applied with associations between herbicides and glyphosate at post-emergence, in two experiments conducted in two municipalities in the state of Paraná, Palotina and Marechal Cândido Rondon. This experiment consisted of seven treatments in a randomized block design with four replications, totaling 28 plots for each municipality. The cultivar used in both experiments was Monsoy 6210 Intact RR2 IPROTM. The variables analyzed were: phytotoxicity at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application, chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll, final height, number of pods, 100 seed weight and yield. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5%. There were differences between treatments for phytotoxicity in both locations and differences in yield (Palotina) and final height (Marechal Cândido Rondon). From the data it is understood that some associations of certain herbicides such as lactofen, chlorimuron-ethyl in the glyphosate can potentiating effect cause phytotoxicity and even reduction in productivity.
Dynamic characterization of a heritage construction from 19th century
Authors: BRANDÃO F. , MESQUITA E. , DIÓGENES A. , ANTUNES P. , VARUM H.
Published: March 2018

Abstract Heritage constructions presents high significance and importance for society. As way of contribution for the preservation of the heritage constructions, this paper presents a study on the dynamic behavior of a heritage construction, part of the historic center of Sobral city, located at the north region of Ceará State, namely the Nossa Senhora das Dores Church, a church from the beginning of the 19th century, built in clay brick walls. In this study, ambient vibration tests were performed aiming to obtainment of the natural frequencies of the building focusing the calibration of the numerical model and, from it, proceeding with modal analysis by Finite Element Method (FEM) with recurrence to software Ansys®. The results allowed the analysis of the structural dynamic behavior taking into account natural frequencies, modal shapes and directional displacements.
Study of design methodologies of steel column bases
Authors: PIANA I. , CALENZANI A. F. G.
Published: March 2018

Abstract The behavior of a steel structure is directly related to the type of base used in the columns, which is essential to the stability and security of the structural system. The Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 8800:2008 does not directly covers this subject. Another Brazilian standard, ABNT NBR 16239:2013, presents a limited design procedure to hollow columns. In this paper, two design methodologies are presented considering the uniform and triangular pressure distribution between the base plate and the concrete surface. A computational program has been developed to design steel column bases considering both methodologies mentioned. The program has been validated with manually solved design examples and conclusions about the pressure distribution design procedures were made from the 200 bases designed by the program. It was noted that, for the triangular pressure distribution, there is an interval in which the procedure is not completely applicable. Apart from this interval, there was no significant difference in the results.
Effect of composition design (Cu, Ti and Mg) and optimization on deformed Zn–Cu–Ti alloy
Authors: Zhang Y M , Qiao Y Y , Song K X , Yang S D
Published: March 2018

The influence of various ratios of copper (Cu), titanium (Ti) and magnesium (Mg) elements on the properties of the deformed zinc (Zn)–copper–titanium alloy was investigated by the orthogonal design experiment in this work. The results show that copper has a significant impact on the microhardness of the alloy, while titanium has an effect on the elongation, and both copper and titanium have equal influence on the tensile strength. Within the range of experiments, 2·0, 0·05 and 0·001% are the most optimal concentrations of copper, titanium and magnesium, respectively, which makes the alloy have high tensile strength, microhardness and elongation. The optimum ratio of the alloy was Zn–2·0Cu–0·05Ti–0·001 Mg, which was verified; the microhardness of the alloy attained a value of 88 HV, the tensile strength reached 255 MPa, and the elongation was 63% after extrusion.
Further development of a laboratory procedure to assess the mechanical performance of cob
Authors: Vinceslas Théo , Hamard Erwan , Razakamanantsoa Andry , Bendahmane Fateh
Published: March 2018

Cob is a vernacular earth-building technique which has encountered renewed interest for its low environmental impact compared to conventional construction materials. Relevant mechanical characterisation is essential for cob building structure design and calculation. This paper presents an improved laboratory procedure to better the characterisation of representative cob samples. Samples prepared by four different methods were compared to representative cob wall elements, by measuring shrinkage ratio, pore size distribution, uniaxial compressive strength and Young’s modulus. The preliminary laboratory testing provides satisfactory results but needs to be validated with other cob mixtures.
Residential districts of soviet modernism: history and prospects for further development
Authors: Eremeeva Aleksandra , Venatovskaya Larisa
Published: March 2018

Soviet modernism is one of the branches of the international style of modernist architecture. Despite the fact that Soviet modernism created a number of unique buildings, for most people this period is associated with immense areas of faceless residential districts. This paper outlines the reasons for the emergence of modernism in the USSR during the 1950s, identifies the urban and architectural features of this period and analyses the positive and negative characteristics of Soviet prefabricated housing blocks in relation to the current expectations of living conditions. Special attention is given to the future of these housing districts, which are currently subjected to sharp criticism from both the professional community and local residents. The research conducted for this paper shows that it is possible to solve the problem without resorting to widespread demolition. Well-conceived renovation or remodelling can make the old housing blocks modern and comfortable, and also help to achieve visual variety that is sorely lacking.
Avifauna do campus da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil
Authors: Düpont Adriana , Mohr Alexsandro Rodrigo , Alcayaga Eduardo Alexis Lobo
Published: March 2018

Informação científica atualizada sobre comunidades de aves é essencial para permitir uma avaliação ambiental das condições necessárias para manter a biodiversidade local, como forma de evitar extinções futuras e garantir a integridade dos ecossistemas. Áreas com ambientes de mata e áreas abertas podem contribuir para a manutenção das aves em ambientes urbanos, destacando o papel de parques, áreas verdes e campi universitários que podem atuar como “ilhas” e corredores de grande importância como locais de abrigo e alimentação. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento qualitativo das espécies de aves que ocorrem no Campus Universitário da UNISC, zona urbana do município de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil. O inventário de campo foi realizado entre janeiro a dezembro de 2013. Seis transectos foram percorridos (três com fragmentos florestais e três em área abertas). As amostragens foram realizadas no período matutino e vespertino, e as espécies foram identificadas pela morfologia externa e reconhecimento de suas vocalizações. Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de 101 espécies de aves pertencentes a 38 famílias, o que representa 15,3 % das espécies registradas para o Rio Grande do Sul. Em relação à estrutura trófica, oito guildas ecológicas foram identificadas, destacando as espécies com hábitos alimentares insetívoros e onívoros como as mais representativas, 46,5% e 21,8%, respectivamente. 13 espécies migratórias Neotropicais foram registradas. Não foram observadas espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Os resultados indicaram que apesar da ocorrência de espécies predominantemente generalistas, o campus universitário serve como área de abrigo, além de descanso e alimentação.
Estudo de caso sobre diversidade e abundância de epífitas sobre forófitos de borda de fragmento do parque Witeck, Novo Cabrais - RS
Authors: De Bortoli Jaqueline , Beckel Hendges Deise Juliana , Lappe Emeli , Bruxel Marcela , Bernardes Bica Jonas , Rempel Claudete , Ferla Noeli Juarez
Published: March 2018

As epífitas atuam nos processos de manutenção dos ecossistemas através do seu modo de vida, elas têm vantagens no acesso à luz solar e facilidade em espalhar suas sementes pelo vento. O estudo teve por objetivo verificar a influência de fatores físicos sobre a diversidade e a abundância de epífitas sobre forófitos lenhosos de uma borda de um fragmento do Parque Witeck/Novo Cabrais-RS. Observou-se 10 forófitos e utilizou-se quadrante (45 x 45) para verificar a distribuição espacial em dois estratos, estratificação vertical e horizontal, temperatura e umidade. Em todos os forófitos estudados foram encontradas briófitas, criptógamas vasculares e líquens, com menor predominância deste último. Na área de estudo não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas na abundância e diversidade de epífitas sobre os forófitos analisados comparando com os fatores abióticos analisados.
La confianza absoluta en la ciencia, o de cómo la geoingeniería sostiene la salvación del planeta/ The absolute trust in science, or how geoengineering holds the salvation of the planet
Authors: Sanoja Zerpa Vera
Published: March 2018

La intención de este trabajo es hacer una aproximación conceptual entre la geoingeniería como tecnología y los vacíos que la ciencia deja de responder. Es por esto que nos encargaremos de estudiar las consecuencias socio-ecológicas que devienen de los paneles científicos de decisores en esta materia. Para ello, hablamos de la ciencia y la tecnología como la racionalidad dominante que no se ha pensado a sí misma, luego haremos una crítica a la narrativa hegemónica del Antropoceno y finalmente revisamos informes del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC por sus siglas en inglés) para aproximarnos discursivamente al fenómeno y señalar los visos ideológicos ocultos en el lenguaje científico.

Abstract

This paper offers a conceptual approach framework between geoengineering as technology and the “emptiness” in science as a form of knowledge. This is why we will study the socio-ecological consequences of the role of scientific panelists and decision-makers towards the geoengineering agenda. We would like to talk about science and technology as the dominant rationality that “doesn’t think itself”, then we will make a critique of the hegemonic narrative of the Anthropocene and finally revise some Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports as a way to study the discursive phenomena and point out some ideological interstices in the scientific language.
¿Por qué se debe considerar al marxismo ecológico en la era del capitaloceno?/ Why should ecological Marxism be considered in the era of the capitalocene?
Authors: Escalera-Briceño Alejandro , Ángeles-Villa Manuel , Palafox-Muñoz Alejandro
Published: March 2018

Este artículo pretende adentrarse en el debate marxismo/ecología, para subrayar la importancia de renovar las categorías marxistas del materialismo histórico y dialéctico para el análisis profundo de la era del capitaloceno. Se inicia con un bosquejo de las principales corrientes no marxistas que explican la relación del ser humano con la naturaleza a través de enfoques “híbridos”, como la economía ecológica (en sus tres vertientes) y la ecología política. En el ánimo de proponerlo como alternativa robusta a estas conceptualizaciones, se realiza enseguida un apretado recorrido cronológico del marxismo ecológico para examinar algunos de los principales textos constitutivos, desde el propio Marx hasta el actual debate entre Bellamy Foster y Moore. Se consigna que en el capitaloceno, portador de enormes amenazas al planeta, a la especie humana y al propio capitalismo, los debates actuales en el seno del marxismo ecológico ofrecen una provechosa lectura del crisol de contradicciones del capitalismo avanzado.

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to make inroads into de debates within ecological Marxism in order to underscore the importance of looking at the Marxist categories of historical materialism and dialectics in the light of the ongoing era of the Capitalocene. We began with a summary of recent developments in non-Marxist disciplines that deal with the human / nature interface through hybrid approaches, such as ecological economics and political ecology. With a view of forwarding a proposal for ecological Marxism as a viable and robust alternative, we then mobilize into play several quotations from Marx on the subject, in order to lead us into the current debates between, mainly, Bellamy Foster and Jason Moore. We suggest that in the Capitalocene, purveyor great threats to the planet, humanity and capitalism itself, those debates can offer very worthwhile readings of the contradictions of advanced capitalism.
El acceso a espacios verdes en escuelas públicas y privadas en Curridabat, Costa Rica / The access to green spaces in public and private schools in Curridabat, Costa Rica
Authors: Castillo Echeverría Carolina
Published: March 2018

En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que buscaba comparar escuelas públicas y privadas del cantón de Curridabat para determinar si niños y niñas tienen acceso equitativo a espacios externos y áreas verdes en las instalaciones de ambos tipos de escuela, así como las repercusiones que tiene sobre estos el tener acceso a áreas verdes en las instituciones educativas. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos escuelas privadas y dos públicas del cantón de Curridabat, el cual forma parte de la provincia de San José, Costa Rica. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa basada en observaciones, dibujos de mapas y entrevistas semi-estructuradas con niños entre los siete y doce años, así como entrevistas con docentes. Los resultados comparan las áreas externas y espacios verdes que tienen las dos escuelas privadas con las dos escuelas públicas y se visibiliza la importancia que tiene para los niños y niñas el tener acceso a áreas verdes en sus escuelas.
Abstract
This article exposes the results of a study that sought to compare public and private schools in the Curridabat canton to determine if  children have equal access to green spaces in their campuses and the effect it has on them to access these green spaces in their school. The research was carried out in two private and two public schools of the Curridabat canton, located in the province of San José, Costa Rica. It used a qualitative methodology based on observations of the school´s campuses, mapping and semi-structured interviews with school personnel and children between 7 and 12 years old. The results compare the external areas and green spaces of private and public schools and shows the importance it has for children to have access to these areas in schools.
The Body in Education: The Cognitive and Phenomenological Perspective
Authors: Volkova Svetlana
Published: March 2018

The article reflects one of the main tendencies in philosophy of education, the so-called “corporeal turn”. An attempt is made to analyze the key ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology and the latest achievements in cognitive research in their relationship with the phenomenon of education. The ideas of cognition as a process of producing mental representations, body and mind dichotomies and the value priority of the latter over the former are criticized. Justification is provided for the idea that the mind executes its cognitive processes using epistemic resources that emerge and are congruent with activities, needs and goals of the body. Thus, the mind is not restricted to one “place”, rather being distributed across a network of interactions between mental, sensory and motor processes. The appeal to the lived body experience is extremely important as it reveals the meanings that students focus on in their learning activity, thus making intersubjective relationships more transparent. The explication of the idea of unity of body and mind will allow educators to adequately determine the role and place of corporeity in both perception and thought processes and eventually discover new cognitive and phenomenological strategies for substantiating the significance of such disciplines as drama and dance, music and physical education in the educational process.
Социальное включение пожилых: продление занятости или «продвинутый» досуг?
Authors: Дмитриева Александра Владимировна
Published: March 2018

Александра Владимировна Дмитриева – к. с.н., научный сотрудник Университета ИТМО, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: alexandra.dmitrieva.uni@gmail.com

Основной исследовательский вопрос статьи заключался в том, связана ли мотивация пожилых для обучения на предлагаемых государством курсах ИКТ-грамотности только с их желанием разнообразить досуг, освоить новую практику, не актуализируя при этом рациональные смыслы получаемых навыков. Исследование проводилось в рамках стратегии множественного кейс-стади. В статье раскрывается мотивация посещения специализированных курсов компьютерной грамотности, анализируется взаимодействие пожилых как непосредственно в процессе обучения на курсах, так и при самостоятельном овладении компьютером. В центре исследования – случай одной из организаций («Школы третьего возраста» Невского района Санкт-Петербурга), на базе которой возник целый ряд сообществ пожилых, а также широко представлены обучающие возможности, в том числе, курсы компьютерной грамотности. На втором этапе исследования, в качестве дополнительного вопроса выяснялось, что, если приобретение навыка ИКТ-грамотности не является центральным фактором включения пожилых в новую деятельность, то может ли разно образие предлагаемых услуг создавать условия для улучшения включения пожилых в активную жизнь через сферу досуга и создания новых сообществ? Выявлено, что предоставление возможностей для участия пожилых в разных формах деятельности, направленных на создание долгосрочных партнерских, социально ориентированных, а не клиентских отношений, могло бы принести значимые результаты, в развитии взаимопомощи пожилых или их помощи в других организациях. Однако исследованный случай организации, существовавшей 12 лет в Невском районе и оставшейся без государственной поддержки, показывает, что государство не заинтересовано в партнерских отношениях с пожилыми. А государственные структуры скорее игнорируют общественные организации для пожилых, предлагающие «продвинутый», а не развлекательный досуг и возможности создания новых сообществ в период ухода из трудового коллектива.
Пожилые в российской негосударственной социальной работе
Authors: Саралиева Зарэтхан Хаджи-Мурзаевна , Петрова Ирина Эдуардовна
Published: March 2018

Зарэтхан Хаджи-Мурзаевна Саралиева – д. и.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой отраслевой и прикладной социологии и социальной работы Национального исследовательского Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н. И. Лобачевского, Нижний Новгород, Россия. Электронная почта: zara@fsn.unn.ru

Ирина Эдуардовна Петрова – к. с.н., доцент кафедры общей социологии и социальной работы Национального исследовательского Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н. И. Лобачевского, Нижний Новгород, Россия. Электронная почта: irinapetrova@mail.ru

Анализируются изменения социальной политики и социальной работы в отношении граждан старшего возраста. Анализ сфокусирован на трансформации социальной работы с пожилыми в последние четыре года в связи с актуализацией договорных отношений в социальном обслуживании и участии социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций в конкурсе на государственные субсидии. Изучение негосударственной социальной работы в отношении пожилых проведено с помощью комплекса исследований, включая контент-анализ экспертных интервью представителей религиозных организаций об оказании ими социальных услуг (N=59) с 2008–2013 гг.; анкетирование населения Нижнего Новгорода по квотной выборке (N=1976) в 2013–2014 гг.; обобщение бесед об учете религиозных потребностей клиентов в оказании социальных услуг в государственных социальных учреждениях (N=53) в 2015–2016 гг., наблюдения авторов за оказанием социальной помощи пожилым религиозными организациями Нижнего Новгорода, Москвы, Украины и Германии последние 20 лет. По данным исследования, ожидания пожилых в отношении социальных услуг государственных учреждений и религиозных организаций ориентированы на пассивное получение помощи. Эксперты религиозных организаций конструируют пожилых клиентов в терминах получателей помощи, игнорируя их ресурсность и возможность активизации. Отмечено неравномерное отставание идеологии социальной работы от ориентиров социальной политики. Основной вид деятельности государственных учреждений – формирование регистра получателей и осуществление социальных услуг. Некоммерческие светские социальные организации демонстрируют гораздо больший ассортимент социальных услуг и готовы к внедрению инноваций. Религиозные организации традиционно относят пожилых к клиентам социальной работы и ориентируют их на пассивное получение помощи.
Aliens V2.0
Authors: Natario Pedro
Published: March 2018

Sorry but I just can't get enough of aliens.
THE GENUS SPORORMIELLA ELLIS & EVERH. IN UKRAINE
Authors: Korolyova O.
Published: March 2018

Data on anatomical, morphological, ecological features, and distribution of 10 species of Sporormiella (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) of Ukraine are presented. Three species of Sporormiella (S. australis (Speg.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain, S. minima (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain, S.vexans (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain) were not previously described for the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The detailed description of all the species, synonyms, substrates, and localities in Ukraine and world distribution are also provided as well as the identification key.