bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional analyses and single cell immunoprofiling uncover sex-specific differences in SARS-CoV2 immune memory development
Authors: Eraslan Basak , Brown Eric , Benson Maura , Amir-Zilberstein Liat , Park Sung-Moo , Tusi Betsabeh , Pokatayev Vladislav , Hecht Cody , Pishesha Novalia , Phillips Devan , Kim Andy , Zhang Shuting , Gaca Anthony , Ghantous Fadi , Delorey Toni , Livny Jonathan , Baden Lindsey , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Graham Daniel , Regev Aviv , Seaman Michael , Woolley Ann , Cosimi Lisa , Hung Deborah , Deguine Jacques , Xavier Ramnik
Published: March 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a broad range of outcomes and immune responses, with the development of neutralizing antibodies generally correlated with protection against reinfection. Here, we have characterized both neutralizing activity and T cell responses in a cluster of subjects with mild disease linked to a single spreading event. Surprisingly, we observed sex-specific associations between spike- and particularly nucleoprotein-specific T cell responses and neutralization, with pro-inflammatory cytokines being linked to higher titers only in males. Using single cell immunoprofiling, which provided matched transcriptome and T-cell receptor (TCR) profiles in restimulated CD4 + and CD8 + cells from these subjects, we identified differences in type I IFN signaling that may underlie this difference in antibody generation. Finally, we also identified several TCRs associated with cytokine producing T cells. Altogether, our work maps the breadth of immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV2 infections and highlight the potential role of sex-specific feedback loops during the generation of neutralizing antibodies.
Investigating the Epidemiological and Economic Effects of a Third-Party Certification Policy for Restaurants with COVID-19 Prevention Measures
Authors: Hirokawa Kazuya , Hirota Jumpei , Kawaguchi Daiji , Masaki Yusuke , Onita Chiaki
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the effects of a third-party certification policy for restaurants (including bars) that comply with indoor infection prevention measures on COVID-19 cases and economic activities. We focus on the case of Yamanashi Prefecture in Japan, which introduced a third-party certification policy that accredits facilities, predominantly restaurants, that comply with the designated guidelines. We employ a difference-indifferences design for each of our epidemiological and economic analyses. The estimation results show that, from July 2020 to April 2021, the certification policy reduced the total number of new infection cases by approximately 45.3% (848 cases) while increasing total sales and the number of customers per restaurant by approximately 12.8% (3.21 million Japanese yen or $30,000) and 30.3% (2,909 customers), respectively, compared to the non-intervention scenarios. The results suggest that a third-party certification policy can be an effective policy to mitigate the trade-off between economic activities and infection prevention during a pandemic, especially when effective vaccines are not widely available.
Paludisphaera rhizosphaereae sp. nov., a new member of the family Isosphaeraceae,isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Erianthus ravennae
Authors: Lhingjakim Khongsai L , Smita Nandardhane , Kumar Gaurav , Jagadeeshwari Uppada , Ahamad Shabbir , Sasikala Chintalapati , Ramana Ch. Venkata
Published: March 2022

Two axenic cultures of Planctomycetota were isolated from distinct geographical locations of India. Strain JC665T was isolated from a rhizosphere soil of Loktak lake, Manipur, whereas strain JC747 was isolated from a sediment located at Pallikkara village, Kerala, India. The two closely related strains shared the highest (94.6%) 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Paludidphaera borealis PX4T, while the 16S rRNA gene sequence identity between both strains was 100%. Both strains grow aerobically, stain Gram negative, colonies are light pink-coloured, cells are non-motile, spherical to oval-shaped and tolerate NaCl up to 2% (w/v). While strain JC665T grows well up to pH 9.0, strain JC747 up to pH 8.0. Respiratory quinone for both strains was MK-6. C16:0, C18:1ω9c and C18:0 are the major fatty acids. Phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified glycolipids, seven unidentified lipids and two unidentified phospholipid was the polar lipid composition of both strains. Both strains have genome size of about 8.0Mb and have GC content of 66.4 mol%. Both strains contained genes encoding for lycopene related carotenoids. The phylogenetic position, morphological, physiological and genomic features support the classification of strain JC665T as a new species of the genus Paludisphaera, for which we propose the name Paludisphaera rhizosphaerae sp. nov. Strain JC665T (= KCTC 72671T = NBRC 114305T) and JC747 are the type and non- type strain of the new species, respectively.
Evaluating Results of Trial Application of Some Clinical Teaching-learning Methods for Medical Students of Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Authors: Nguyen Sang Ngoc , Pham Hanh Thi , Vu Lam Tung , Pham Truong Xuan , Gottlieb Barbara
Published: March 2022

Background: Communication, history-taking, and documentation are critical skills for medical students to master in their training. To improve these skills, we designed, and pilot tested a curriculum to teach a sample of Y4 students these skills and compared the clinical performance of these students with students not receiving the intervention. Methods: We designed a curriculum to teach HPUMP Y4 students clinical skills. We then studied the effectiveness of the curriculum in enhancing the performance of these skills. We randomly assigned intervention and control groups from different societies to limit exposure between groups. We assessed the clinical competency of each group at 3 times: before intervention, after 9 weeks, and after 2 years of intervention.Results: There was no difference at baseline between 2 groups. Immediately following the intervention, the mean score of the intervention group's skills was significantly higher than before the intervention and higher than the control group in each clinical skill. The performance difference between the 2 groups was maintained two years following the intervention. Discussion and conclusions: Communication, history-taking, and documentation are essential skills requiring focused instruction and practice. Following a 9-week curriculum, students’ performance was rated higher by evaluators than their counterparts who learned these skills through standard informal exposure in the clinical setting. The fact that this performance advantage was maintained 2 years following the intervention is a testament to the durability of the intervention and to the value of dedicated training in these key areas at an early point in students’ clinical careers.
Author Multidisciplinarity and Disciplinary Roles in Field of Study Networks
Authors: Cunningham Eoghan , Smyth Barry , Greene Derek
Published: March 2022

When studying large research corpora, “distant reading” methods are vital to understand the topics and trends in the corresponding research space. In particular, given the recognised benefits of multidisciplinary research, it may be important to map schools or communities of diverse research topics, and to understand the multidisciplinary role that topics play within and between these communities. This work proposes Field of Study (FoS) networks as a novel network representation for use in scientometric analysis. We describe the formation of FoS networks, which relate research topics according to the authors who publish in them, from corpora of articles in which fields of study can be identified. FoS networks are particularly useful for the distant reading of large datasets of research papers when analysed through the lens of exploring multidisciplinary science. In an evolving scientific landscape, modular communities in FoS networks offer an alternative categorisation strategy for research topics and sub-disciplines, when compared to traditional prescribed discipline classification schemes. Furthermore, structural role analysis of FoS networks can highlight important characteristics of topics in such communities. To support this, we present two case studies which explore multidisciplinary research in corpora of varying size and scope; namely, 6,323 articles relating to network science research and 4,184,011 articles relating to research on the COVID-19-pandemic.
Non-Sentinel Node Metastasis Prediction During Surgery in Patients with Breast Cancer with One to Three Positive Sentinel Node(s) Upon Frozen Biopsy Result Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Chun Jung Whan , Kim Jisun , Chung Il Yong , Ko Beom Seok , Kim Hee Jeong , Lee Jong Won , Son Byung Ho , Ahn Sei-Hyun , Lee Sae Byul
Published: March 2022

We aimed to develop a tool that could accurately predict the possibility of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis (NSLNM) during surgery, permitting surgeons to intraoperatively decide the extent of further axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for patients with one to three positive sentinel lymph node(s) (SLN) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). In this retrospective analysis, we included records of 558 patients who were treated between 2005 and 2019. Using chi-square and logistic regression with a bootstrapped, backward elimination method, 13 factors were assessed for their utility in predicting NSLNM. Based on the results of the univariate analysis, the number of positive SLN(s), number of frozen nodes, progesterone receptor (PR) positivity, and clinical N stage were selected for the multivariate analysis and used to generate a nomogram for residual nodal disease prediction. The resulting nomogram was validated using a more recent, different time window patient group at the AMC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this formula was 0.709 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.658–0.761) and 0.715 (95% CI, 0.634–0.796) for the development and validation sets, respectively. This newly developed AMC nomogram could be useful for surgeons for intraoperative guidance in determining the extent of further axillary surgery.
Heat shock transcription factor 2 promotes mitophagy of intestinal epithelial cells through PARL/PINK1/Parkin pathway in ulcerative colitis
Authors: liang hao , Zhang Fengrui , Wang Wen , Zhao Wei , Zhou Jiao , Feng Yuran , Wu Jing , Li Maojuan , Bai Xinyu , Zeng Zhong , Niu Junkun , Miao Yinglei
Published: March 2022

Objective and backgroundThe overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical factor for ulcerative colitis (UC). We found that heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2), which is highly expressed in UC, could inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduce IL-1β in intestinal epithelial cells(IECs), but the mechanisms were still unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of HSF2 inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome of IECs.Methods: TEM was used to detect the number of damaged mitochondria and the level of mitophagy in intestinal mucosa of UC patients, healthy controls, mice and Caco-2 cells. ROS levels were detected by immunofluorescence or flow cytometry. RT-PCR, WB and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the level of PARL, PINK1 and Parkin.Results: The levels of mitophagy and ROS in intestinal mucosa of UC patients were positively correlated with disease activity. In IECs, after downregulation of HSF2, mitophagy reduced and number of damaged mitochondria and ROS increased, while overexpression of HSF2 showed opposite results. In addition, HSF2 might regulate mitophagy through PARL/PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.Conclusions:HSF2 may promote mitophagy and decrease the level of mtROS through the PARL/PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, which might be a potential mechanism of HSF2 inhibiting inflammation in UC.
Correlation Between Depression and Intimacy in Lung Cancer Patients and Theire Family Caregivers
Authors: Zhong Jiudi , Li Chuanzhen , Yuan Juan , Huang Xiaoxiao , Hong Yutong , Zhang Siwen
Published: March 2022

Objective: To explore the interdependence between depression and intimacy in lung cancer patients and their family caregivers for further developing a patient- and caregiver-centered dyadic intervention. Methods: A convenient sampling was adopted to select 182 dyads of lung cancer patients and their family caregivers; the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Mutuality Scale (MS) were used to measure participants’ depression and intimacy respectively; and the correlation between depression and intimacy in patients and caregivers was analyzed by establishing the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM). Results: 34% of the patients and 19.2% of the caregivers were at risk of depression, with an intimacy score of 2.67±0.74 points and 2.6±0.86 points, respectively; Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the depression score (r=0.226, P<0.01) and intimacy score (r=0.344, P<0.01) in patients and caregivers; and the APIM result showed that caregivers’ depression had an actor effect on their own intimacy (b=-0.054, P=0.004) as well as a partner effect on patients’ intimacy (b=-0.041, P= 0.011). Conclusion: There is a close correlation between depression and intimacy in lung cancer patients and family caregivers. Therefore, dyadic interventions can help them to cope with cancer together.
The Structural Connectivity of The Human Angular Gyrus as Revealed by Microdissection and Diffusion Tractography
Authors: Petit Laurent , Ali Kariem Mahdy , Rheault François , Boré Arnaud , Corsini Francesco , De Benedictis Alessandro , Descoteaux Maxime , Sarubbo Silvio
Published: March 2022

The angular gyrus (AG) has been described in numerous studies to be consistently activated in various functional tasks. The angular gyrus is a critical connector epicenter linking multiple functional networks regarding its location in the posterior part of the inferior parietal cortex, namely at the junction between the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. It is thus crucial to identify the different pathways that anatomically connect this high-order association region to the rest of the brain. Our study revisits the three-dimensional architecture of the structural AG connectivity by combining state-of-the-art postmortem blunt microdissection with advanced in vivo diffusion tractography to propose a comprehensive description of the association, projection, and commissural fibers that connect the human angular gyrus. AG appears as a posterior "angular stone" of associative connections belonging to mid- and long-range dorsal and ventral fibers of the superior and inferior longitudinal systems, respectively, to short-range parietal, occipital and temporal fibers including U-shaped fibers the posterior transverse system. Thus, AG is at a pivotal dorso-ventral position reflecting its critical role in the different functional networks, particularly in language elaboration and spatial attention and awareness in left and right hemispheres, respectively. We also reveal striatal, thalamic, and brainstem connections and a typical inter-hemispheric homotopic callosal connectivity supporting the suggested AG role, in the integration of sensory input for modulating motor control and planning. The present description of AG's highly distributed wiring diagram may drastically improve intraoperative subcortical testing and post-operative neurologic outcomes related to surgery in and around the angular gyrus.
Effects of Cycloplegic Agents on Ocular Parameters in Children with Myopia and Hyperopia
Authors: Qu Guangzhi , Liu Xiaocui , Gao Lei , Ding Saisai , Wang Xuli
Published: March 2022

Background
To study the effect of cycloplegia on ocular parameters in children with myopia and hyperopia.
Methods
Forty two myopia and forty four hyperopia eyes in children between 5 and 10 years of age were included. Measurements were taken before and after cycloplegia using 1% atropine sulfate ointment. The ocular parameters included central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature (CC), anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter (PD), axial length (AL) and central retinal thickness (CRT).
Results
There was no significant difference in CCT, CC and CRT between the two groups without cycloplegia, but the ACD of myopia (3.64 ± 0.28mm) group was significantly higher than that of hyperopia (3.40 ± 0.24mm, t=-4.522, P < .0001). The average PD of myopia (4.85 ± 0.87mm) group was significantly smaller than that of hyperopia group (5.47 ± 1.15mm, t = 2.903, P < .0046). The average AL of myopia (24.25 ± 0.77mm) was significantly higher than that of hyperopia (21.73 ± 1.24mm, t = 12.084, P < .0001). However, it was found that the average PD of myopia (7.68 ± 0.51mm) was significantly larger than that of hyperopia (7.41 ± 0.57mm, t = 2.364, P = .0202) under cycloplegia. As for the changes of refractive factors before and after cycloplegia, Deepened ACD and enlarged PD was noted in both group after cycloplegia.
Conclusions
Cycloplegia not only affects ACD and PD, but also leads to the reversal of PD difference between the two groups. The cycloplegia effects enabled us to study changes in all known ocular parameters in a short period of time.
Rehabilitative Strategies After Filtering Procedure in Glaucoma
Authors: Vingolo Enzo , Casillo Lorenzo , Mecarelli Giulia , Limoli Paolo Giuseppe
Published: March 2022

Background: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of non-reversible blindness worldwide, and almost 6 million people are estimated to be impaired visually in advanced stage of glaucoma. Recently, several studies on glaucoma has been focused towards new therapeutic approaches based on mechanisms independent from IOP control. Effects of new therapeutic agents, visual psychophysical training, or complementary medications targeting optic pathways today seem to be a relevant and effervescent field of research. The goal of the study is to evaluate in glaucoma patients if a rehabilitative strategy with a biofeedback training with microperimetry may be useful after surgery in recovery visual performance even when visual field defects are present in IOP is well controlled environment. Materials and Methods: Were enrolled 24 patients (28 eyes) with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) (mean 63 range: 49–75 years) from our Glaucoma Center after filtering surgery. All patients after one months from surgical intervention underwent to a complete ophthalmologic examination: IOP measurement, gonioscopy, visual field and SD-OCT at baseline of RNFL thickness. In some cases, were included in the study both eyes because in POAG frequently clinical conditions are different in each eye, and secondarily new fixation target retinal location (TRL) was chosen based on single eye retinal sensitivity.Results: Best corrected visual acuity was significantly increased after the training from 0,61 to 0,479 (p=0,00058) with no change in refractive error. After the biofeedback patients presented increased value in Mean retinal sensitivity from 14,91 to 15,96 (p=0,0078).Fixation stabilitywas improved either according to Fuji classification (increased from 75,1% to 81.3% p=0,0073) or BCEA value, reduced from 8,7 to 6,0 square degrees (p=0,013) we noted a marked increase in this parameter with better performances and satisfaction by the patient. RFNL thickness: no change was noted (p=0,505) in this value as an indicator of disease’s stability. Conclusions: Our data indicate that MP-3 Biofeedback may be a good strategy to reduce the impairment of the Glaucoma Patient.
Cinnamomeoventrolide – Double-bond Regioisomerism in Frog Semiochemcials
Authors: Schulz Stefan , KUHN JOHANNA
Published: March 2022

Frogs of the families Mantellinae and Hyperoliidae possess male specific femoral or gular glands that are used during courtship. These glands release volatile compounds, e. g. the macrocyclic lactone gephyromantolide A (2,6,10-trimethyl-6-undecen-11-olide) in the case of Gephyromantis boulengeri (Mantellinae). During the analysis of the volatiles of Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris (Hyperoliidae) we detected a compound A showing high similarity with the spectrum of gephyromantolide A. Nevertheless, the slight differences led to the proposal of a regioisomer as a structure for A, 2,6,10-trimethyl-5-undecen-11-olide that we called cinnamomeoventrolide. To proof our proposal, a versatile synthesis was developed that allowed access to all four stereoisomers from a single chiral starting material, the so-called (S)-Roche ester, using ring-closing metathesis as a key step. With these stereoisomers the absolute configuration of the natural product was established to have the (2R,10S)-configuration by GC on a chiral phase. The configuration of natural gephyromantolide A is the opposite. Both frogs seem to use a similar biosynthetic pathway to the target compounds, differing in the stereochemistry of the reduction step, and requiring an additional isomerization in case of G. boulengeri. The unique regioisomer differentiation of double bonds has so far only been reported from insects. The compounds are likely to play a role in species-recognition of the frogs.
Clinical and pathogenetic relationship between IL-1β and IL-8 in melanoma
Authors: Malkova Anna , Orlova Rashida , Zhukova Natalia , Kaledina Ekaterina , Demchenkova Alexandra , Naymushina Polina , Sharoyko Vladimir
Published: March 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are mostly used for melanoma treatment, however, the efficacy is achieved not for every patient. The cause of therapy failure can be explained by local immune suppression, which might be induced by different cytokines, including IL-1β. IL-1β is difficult to detect in peripheral blood, meanwhile, the high concentrations of IL-8 are frequently reported. IL-8 production is known to be induced by IL-1β in many cell types, however, there is no data on melanoma cells. This study aims to determine the relationship between IL-1β and IL-8 in patients with metastatic (mts) melanoma and assess the effect of IL-1β on IL-8 production by melanoma cells in vitro. The study involved 28 patients (pts) with mts melanoma taking ICI. The level of IL-1β and IL-8 in blood serum was determined using the ELISA method. In the experiments SK-MEL cells were incubated with/without IL-1β (1-1-2-4 ng/ml) for 9 days, every 2 days the cell media was collected. According to the study, with an IL-8 concentration of more than 42.31 pg/ml in patients with mts melanoma, the presence of IL-1β in the blood serum can be expected. At the same time, the level of IL-8 correlated with the level of IL-1β. The study also showed a concentration-dependent increase in the production of IL-1β and IL-8 by human melanoma cells with external exposure to IL-1β. The data obtained can allow us to assume, that high expression of IL-1β contributes to IL-8 production in tumor microenvironment (TME), which can be observed in peripheral blood and serve as a biomarker of high IL-1β expression in TME and local immune suppression. A high IL-8 level might be associated with a low ICI efficacy, but it`s needed to be studied in the following research.
Methods for evaluating external facilitation as a strategy to nationally implement a novel stigma-reduction training tool for healthcare providers ​
Authors: Wasmuth Sally , Belkiewitz Johnna , Bravata Dawn M. , Horsford Caitlin , Harris Alex , Smith Carlton , Austin Charles , Miech Edward J.
Published: March 2022

Background. Identity Development Evolution and Sharing (IDEAS) is a theatre-based intervention for reducing healthcare provider stigma. IDEAS films are created by: collecting narratives from people who have experienced discrimination and healthcare inequity; partnering with professional playwrights to create theatrical scripts that maintain the words of the narratives while arranging them into compelling storylines involving several interviews; and hiring professional actors to perform and record scenes. IDEAS implementation requires a moderator to establish a respectful learning environment, play the filmed performance, set ground rules for discussion, and moderate a discussion between healthcare providers who viewed the film and invited panelists who are members of the minoritized population being discussed. IDEAS’ impact on provider stigma is measured via pre/post Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – Stigma (AAQ-S) data collected from participating providers. The objectives of this manuscript are to: provide narrative review of how provider stigma may lead to healthcare inequity and health disparities; describe the conceptual frameworks underpinning the IDEAS intervention; and outline methods for IDEAS implementation and implementation evaluation. Methods. This manuscript describes a hybrid type 3 design study protocol that uses the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to evaluate external facilitation, used as an implementation strategy to expand the reach of IDEAS. CFIR is also used to assess the impact of characteristics of the intervention and implementation climate on implementation success. Implementation success is defined by intervention feasibility and acceptability as well as self-efficacy of internal facilitators. This manuscript details the protocol for collection and evaluation of implementation data alongside that of effectiveness data. The manuscript provides new information about the use of configurational analysis, which uses Boolean algebra to analyze pathways to implementation success considering each variable, within and across diverse clinical sites across the United States. Discussion. The significance of this protocol is that it outlines important information for future hybrid type 3 designs wishing to incorporate configurational analyses and/or studies using behavioral or atypical, complex, innovative interventions. The current lack of evidence supporting occupational justice-focused interventions and the strong evidence of stigma influencing health inequities underscore the necessity for the IDEAS intervention.
Perfect Association Between Spatial Swarm Segregation and The X-Chromosome Speciation Island in Hybridizing Anopheles Coluzzii and Anopheles Gambiae Populations
Authors: Niang Abdoulaye , Maïga Hamidou , Sawadogo Simon P. , Konaté Lassana , Faye Ousmane , Lee Yoosook , Dabiré Roch K. , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Tripet Frédéric
Published: March 2022

The sibling species An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s. are major malaria vectors thought to be undergoing sympatric speciation with gene flow. In the absence of intrinsic post-zygotic isolation between the two taxa, speciation is thought possible through the association of assortative mating and genomic regions protected from gene flow by recombination suppression. Such genomic islands of speciation have been described in pericentromeric regions of the X, 2L and 3L chromosomes. Spatial swarm segregation plays a major role in assortative mating between sympatric populations of the two species and, given their importance for speciation, genes responsible for such pre-mating reproductive barriers are expected to be protected within divergence islands. In this study 2063 male and 266 female An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s. individuals from natural swarms in Burkina Faso, West Africa were sampled. These were genotyped at 16 speciation island SNPs, and characterized as non-hybrid individuals, F1 hybrids or recombinant F1 + n backcrossed individuals. Their genotypes at each speciation island were associated with their participation in An. coluzzii and An. gambiae-like swarms. Despite extensive introgression between the two species, the X-island genotype of non-hybrid individuals (37.6%), F1 hybrids (0.1%) and F1 + n recombinants (62.3%) of either sex perfectly associated to each swarm type. Associations between swarm type and the 3L and 2L speciation islands were weakened or broken down by introgression. The functional demonstration of a close association between spatial segregation behaviour and the X speciation island lends further support to sympatric speciation models facilitated by pericentric recombination suppression in this important species complex.
Investigation on the magnetorheological shear thickening finishing with radial slotted magnetic pole for Sine surface
Authors: Sun Zhiguang , Fan Zenghua , Tian Yebing , Qian Cheng , Ma Zhen
Published: March 2022

Free-form surfaces have widespread applications in the fields of integrated circuit, and automobile sectors because of the typical geometric characteristics. Surface finishing of free-form surfaces is a critical process to fulfill target quality. In present study, a magnetorheological shear thickening finishing (MSTF) method is proposed for Sine surface finishing based on the designed finishing tool and the developed MSTF media. The MSTF utilizes a flexible finishing tool, integrating a slotted cylindrical permanent magnetic pole with radial magnetization, is fabricated to dominate rheological properties of finishing media to guarantee the finishing force. To obtain sufficiently large magnetic flux density and magnetic field gradients in the finishing zone, finite element analysis (FEA) is used to obtain the optimal dimensions and structure of the finishing tool. The principle of the method is illustrated and mathematical model of material removal is established. Finishing experiments were conducted on Sine surface fabricated by SUS304 based on the developed MSTF media and the established platform. The effects of finishing parameters on surface roughness are evaluated quantitatively. The results substantiate that the material was uniformly re-moved over the entire Sine surface and the developed method is capable for Si-ne finishing with a more than 87% improvement in surface roughness. The method in the paper shows signs of future success in finishing free-form surfaces in a wide range of industrial applications.
Ecosystem Service Value Based on Land Use/Cover Dynamics and Socio-Economic, Burullus Lake, Egypt
Authors: El-Hamid Hazem Abd , Toubar Mohamed M. , Zarzoura Fawzi , El-Alfy Muhammad A.
Published: March 2022

Burullus Lake is an ecological system that supplies a variety of ecosystem services (ES) to the community. The value of these services depends on change in land use and land cover LU/LC and socioeconomic factors as fish production. Supervised classification was applied showing four classes; water, vegetation, fishfarm and services lands. Markov and CA-Markov were applied for LU/LC transition and prediction. Results reveal an increase in water bodies due to recent development in Burullus Lake. Removal the floating plants reflects the decrease in vegetation. Area of fishfarm was increased from 2009 to 2013 that increase the value of ecosystem services in the study area in this period. These changes in LU/LC had a positive impact on ESV due to the conversion among different classes. ESV varied significantly in Burullus Lake. Increased value of ecosystem provides higher opportunities for recreation and ecotourism. Fish production of Lake Burullus has increased from 2009 to 2018 with an increase of 18,000 ton by about 34%, and this increase in may be the result of adding additional areas to Lake Burullus during this period as a result of purification operations as a main factor. Also, the lowest parts of exploitation were observed at the central parts directed to the fish farms areas. While the most exploited areas are towards the eastern parts to the area of El-Boughaz. It is indicated more that areas of jetties sites and population centers are more exploited to the lakes shores. The present study suggests that governments should take awareness of ESV through studying some ecological conditions.
DSTS: A hybrid optimal and deep reinforcement learning for dynamic scalable task scheduling on container cloud environment
Authors: Saravanan M , Vignesh R
Published: March 2022

Containers have grown into the most dependable and lightweight virtualization platform for delivering cloud services, offering flexible sorting, portability, and scalability. In cloud container services, planner components play a critical role. This enhances cloud resource workloads and diversity performance while lowering costs. We present a hybrid optimum and deep reinforcement learning approach for dynamic scalable task scheduling (DSTS) in a container cloud environment in this research. To expand containers virtual resources, we first offer a modified multi-swarm coyote optimization (MMCO) method, which improves customer service level agreements. Then, to assure priority-based scheduling, we create a modified pigeon-inspired optimization (MPIO) method for task clustering and a rapid adaptive feedback recurrent neural network (FARNN) for pre-virtual CPU allocation. Meanwhile, the task load monitoring system is built on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), which allows for dynamic priority-based scheduling. Finally, the presentation of the planned DSTS methodology will be estimated utilizing various test vectors, and the results will be associated to present state-of-the-art techniques.
X-dimensional Mass Spectrometry Imaging Discovers Spatially Resolved Metabolic Response
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Zang Qingce , Zhang Jin , Gao Shanshan , Zheng Kailu , Li Yan , Abliz Zeper , He Jiuming
Published: March 2022

This study developed an open-source method, x-dimensional mass spectrometry imaging (MSI(x)), to reveal the spatially-resolved high-order metabolomics information associated with disease progression or drug action. This high order bioinformation includes metabolism pathway, species, biofunction, or biotransformation, which involves multiplex metabolites and cannot be presented by a single ion image. The MSI(x) enables the evaluation of the physiological status, the discovery of therapeutic or adverse effects, the investigation of regional heterogeneous response to drug treatment, possible molecular mechanism, and even drug potential target. MSI(x) was demonstrated to be a promising molecular imaging tool not only for efficacy and safety evaluation but also for the molecular mechanism investigation at the early stage of drug research and development.
Evidence of Self-Organised Criticality in Time Series by the Horizontal Visibility Graph Approach
Authors: Kaki Bardia , Farhang Nastaran , Safari Hossein
Published: March 2022

Determination of self-organised criticality (SOC) is crucial in evaluating the dynamical behavior of a time series. Here, we apply the complex network approach to assess the SOC characteristics in synthesis and real-world data sets. To this purpose, we employ the horizontal visibility graph (HVG) method and construct the relevant networks for the observational and numerical avalanching events (e.g., earthquakes and sand-pile models), financial markets, and the solar nano-flare emission model, which showed to have long-temporal correlations via re-scaled range analysis. We compute the degree distribution, maximum eigenvalue, and average clustering coefficient of each HVG and compare them with the values obtained for random and chaotic processes. The result manifests a perceptible deviation between these parameters in random and SOC time series. We conclude that the mentioned HVG’s features can distinguish between SOC and random systems.
Analysis of interhemispheric functional connectivity with the congenital blindness: interactions between blindness and emotional regulation
Authors: Kang Jiayu , Pan Yicong , Kang Min , zhang Lijuan , Xu Sanhua , Wu Jieli , Shu Huiye , Liao Xulin , Su Ting , Tang Liying , Tan Yehui , Shao Yi
Published: March 2022

Purpose Negative emotions, as an important risk factor, promote the development of many diseases. The study is designed to discuss alterations of interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) with congenital blindness (CB) subjects by adopting voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). Based on the alterations in FC, we assessed whether there was an interaction between blindness and emotional regulation. Method VMHC values were collected from 24(males/females = 9/15) subjects with congenital blindness and 24(males/females = 9/15) healthy controls. The gender, age and other information of the healthy controls were closely matched with the disease group. The VMHC values were applied to assess alterations in hemispheric FC between the two groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) were applied so as to classify the mean VMHC values of the CB and HC subjects. In addition, an evaluation, which was applied the Pearson Correlation analysis, was employed to compare the correlation between VMHC values of specific brain areas and clinical features of CB subjects. Result The area under curve (AUC) was 0.8750 (P < 0.0001) for bilateral fusiform gyrus (FFG), 0.9670 (P < 0.0001) for bilateral superior occipital gyrus (SOG), 0.9653 (P < 0.0001) for bilateral thalamus (THA) and 0.9462 (P < 0.0001) for bilateral paracentral lobule (PCL). Furthermore, anxiety scores (AS) and depression scores (DS) displayed a positive correlation with the VMHC values of bilateral thalamus (r =− 0.943; P< 0.001 and r = 0.869; P< 0.001) in CB group. Conclusion In the CB group, aberrant interhemispheric FC was observed in specific cerebral regions. These altered VMHC values in the cerebral areas might be potential diagnostic markers of emotional disorders and aberrant brain activities in the CB patients. Humanistic care and necessary psychological treatment for blind patients may be one of the measures to prevent vision from persistent loss in the future. At the same time, the changes of brain function may also provide new ideas for individualized treatment of patients with anxiety, depression and other emotional disorders.
Reduced precipitation limits growth return on plant N in mesic grassland
Authors: Polley H. Wayne , Jones Katherine A. , Kolodziejczyk Chris A. , Fay Philip A.
Published: March 2022

Grassland production is sensitive to both precipitation and plant N accumulation and utilization, such that change in one variable influences grassland response to the second variable. We investigated effects of interannual variation in precipitation on the response of community-level values of relative growth rate (RGR) to two multiplicative components of RGR, nitrogen productivity (NP; rate of change in biomass/plant N) and N concentration ([N]), in two grassland communities in Texas, USA. Communities included a diverse mixture of perennial grass and forb species and monoculture of the perennial C4 grass Panicum virgatum. RGR and its N components were measured at the spatial scale of 7-m diameter circular patches in each community near the spring peak in mixture biomass during each of 5 years. We found that RGR varied substantially among patches and years and between communities. RGR variation was strongly correlated with variation in NP. Precipitation during the 3 months prior to RGR measurement mediated the RGR response to NP by altering the correlation between NP and [N] in both grasslands. Reduced precipitation led to more negative NP-[N] correlation coefficients, which reduced proportional change in RGR per change in NP by as much as 30% even in the absence of a precipitation effect on means of community RGR and NP. Our results highlight an under-appreciated aspect of the pervasive role of precipitation in grassland growth that was mediated via change in plant growth return on accumulated N.
Pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy in China: indications, diagnostic yield, and factors associated with findings
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Qiu Xiaoxia , Chen Jingfang , Mei Hong , Yan Haiyan , You Jieyu , Huang Ying
Published: March 2022

Background: Large-scale data on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in China are scarce. This study aimed to assess the indications and diagnostic yield of EGD in children and the relationship between factors (such as age, sex, and indications) and diagnostic yield.Methods: We performed a prospective cross-sectional observational study involving patients aged < 18 years who underwent diagnostic EGD. The study was conducted in five children’s hospitals, each in a different city. Demographic features, indications for endoscopy, and endoscopic and histopathological findings were collected. Univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses of the relationship between the factors and diagnostic yield were performed.Results: The study included 2268 patients (male/female ratio, 1.3:1) with a median age of 8.68 years. Among the 2268 children, the most frequent indications were abdominal pain in 1954 (86.2%), recurrent vomiting in 706 (31.1%), weight loss in 343 (15.1%), and others. The endoscopic yield was 62.5% and was the highest in patients with dysphagia (90.9%). The histologic yield was 32.4% and was the highest in patients with unexplained anemia (54.6%). On multivariable regression analysis, the endoscopic yield was associated with dysphagia, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and recurrent vomiting, and the histologic yield was associated with weight loss and age. Different groups of patients with abdominal pain had variable probabilities of abnormal endoscopic findings.Conclusions: The most frequent indication of pediatric EGD is abdominal pain, with variable probabilities of abnormal endoscopic findings in different groups. Endoscopic yield and histologic yield are associated with certain alarming features.Trial registration: The trial registration number (TRN): NCT03603093 (ClinicalTrials. gov), Date of registration: July 18th, 2018
Multiple sampling schemes and deep learning improve active learning performance in drug-drug interaction information retrieval analysis from the literature
Authors: Li Lang , Xie Weixin , Fan Kunjie , Zhang Shijun
Published: March 2022

Background: Drug-drug interaction (DDI) information retrieval (IR) is an important natural language process (NLP) task from the PubMed literature. For the first time, active learning (AL) is studied in DDI IR analysis. DDI IR analysis from PubMed abstracts faces the challenges of relatively small positive DDI samples among overwhelmingly large negative samples. Random negative sampling and positive sampling are purposely designed to improve the efficiency of AL analysis. The consistency of random negative sampling and positive sampling is shown in the paper. Results: PubMed abstracts are divided into two pools. Screened pool contains all abstracts that pass the DDI keywords query in PubMed, while unscreened pool includes all the other abstracts. At a prespecified recall rate of 0.95, DDI IR analysis performance is evaluated and compared in precision. In screened pool IR analysis using supporting vector machine (SVM), similarity sampling plus uncertainty sampling improves the precision of AL over uncertainty sampling, from 0.89 to 0.92 respectively. In the unscreened pool IR analysis, the integrated random negative sampling, positive sampling, and similarity sampling improve the IR analysis performance over uncertainty sampling along, from 0.72 to 0.81 respectively. When we change the SVM to a deep learning method, all sampling schemes consistently benefit DDI AL analysis in both screened pool and unscreened pool. Deep learning has significant improvement of precision over SVM, 0.96 vs 0.91 in screened pool, and 0.90 vs 0.81 in the unscreened pool, respectively.Conclusions: By integrating various sampling schemes and deep learning algorithms into AL, the DDI IR analysis from literature is significantly improved. The random negative sampling and positive sampling are highly effective methods in improving AL analysis where the positive and negative samples are extremely imbalanced.
Thermal cracking prediction for a squeeze casting process with an approach of multi-scale and multi-model coupling
Authors: Zhao zhan , LIU Yan , Niu Xiaofeng , GE Tao-tao , ZHANG Ming-yu , ZHOU Wei , LUO Pei-lin
Published: March 2022

The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is advantageous in tracking a free surface and a moving interface. This paper uses the SPH method to simulate the filling process of squeeze casting. The simulated temperature field at the end of filling was input into a finite element model (FEM) program to simulate the solidification process after squeeze casting. Due to the existence of a liquid phase, a solid phase, and a two-phase mushy zone in the solidification process after squeeze casting, the deformation behavior in the solidification process was modeled with a thermoelasto–viscoplastic constitutive model representing these different phases. In the RDG thermal cracking criterion based on the principle of dendrite gap complement, there are a strain rate term, a secondary dendritic spacing term, and a pressure term. These terms accurately describe the squeeze casting process. Therefore, the RDG criterion was used to predict thermal cracking. The strain rate term in the RDG criterion was calculated by the FEM. For the calculation of the secondary dendritic spacing, the temperature field during the solidification process is locally refined by the FDM method to complete the transition from the macroscale to the mesoscale; then the refinement results are imported into the phase field method for dendritic growth simulation. The results show that the method based on multi-model coupling has satisfactory prediction accuracy for the thermal cracking in the squeeze casting process. The combination of the phase field method and the RDG criterion provides a new approach to the simulation of thermal cracking defects. The prediction results show that the thermal cracking tendency increases with an increase in strain rate. However, the local position C of the bracket sample had a higher strain rate of 7.15/s, and a lower cooling rate of 2.96 K/s offset the effect of the high strain rate. As a result, a low thermal cracking tendency level of 1.13729 was obtained.
Determinants of ethnic differences in the uptake of child healthcare services in New Zealand: a decomposition analysis
Authors: Lewycka Sonia , Dasgupta Kabir , Plum Alexander , Clark Terryann , Hedges Mary , Pacheco Gail
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThere are persistent ethnic gaps in uptake of child healthcare services in New Zealand (NZ), despite increasing policy to promote equitable access. We examined ethnic differences in the uptake of immunisation and primary healthcare services at different ages and quantified the contribution of relevant explanatory factors, in order to identify potential points of intervention.MethodsWe used data from the Growing Up in New Zealand birth cohort study, including children born between 2009 and 2010. Econometric approaches were used to explore underlying mechanisms behind ethnic differences in service uptake. Multivariable regression was used to adjust for mother, child, household, socioeconomic, mobility, and social factors. Decomposition analysis was used to assess the proportion of each ethnic gap that could be explained, as well as the main drivers behind the explained component. These analyses were repeated for four data time-points.Results6,822 mothers were enrolled during the antenatal survey, and children were followed up at 9-months, 2-years and 4-years. In univariable models, there were ethnic gaps in uptake of immunisation and primary care services. After adjusting for covariates in multivariable models, compared to NZ Europeans, Asian and Pacific children had higher timeliness and completeness of immunisation at all time-points, while indigenous Māori had lower timeliness of first-year vaccines despite high intentions to immunize. Asian and Pacific mothers were less likely to have their first-choice lead maternity caregiver (LMC) than NZ Europeans mothers, and Māori and Asian mothers were less likely to be satisfied with their general practitioner (GP) at 2-years. Healthcare utilisation was strongly influenced by socio-economic, mobility and social factors including ethnic discrimination. In decomposition models comparing Māori to NZ Europeans, the strongest drivers for timely first-year immunisations and GP satisfaction (2-years) were household composition and household income. Gaps between Pacific and NZ Europeans in timely first-year immunisations and choice of maternity carer were largely unexplained by factors included in the models.Conclusions Ethnic gaps in uptake of child healthcare services vary by ethnicity, service, and time-point, and are driven by different factors. Addressing healthcare disparities will require interventions tailored to specific ethnic groups, as well as addressing underlying social determinants and structural racism. Gaps that remain unexplained by our models require further investigation.