bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction of the use of thermography and thermometry in the diagnosis of uveitis in horses: a pilot project
Authors: Rushton J O , Tichy A , Nell B
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectives

To date assessment of changes in ocular temperature, as a hallmark of uveitis in horses has not been determined. Therefore the aim of the current study was to determine whether ocular temperature is increased in acute uveitic eyes compared with non‐uveitic eyes, and to compare an affordable thermometry device with a thermography device.

Material and methods

Ocular temperatures of both eyes of five horses with acute unilateral uveitis and 10 normal horses were measured using thermometry and thermography. Presence and absence of acute uveitis were diagnosed through a complete ophthalmological examination. Ambient temperature and core body temperature were also recorded.

Results

The difference in temperatures between uveitic eyes and non‐uveitic eyes was marked but not statistically significant (mean thermography temperature 34.0°C sd±1.6°C and 32.7°C sd±2.4°C, respectively v mean thermometry temperature 34.0°C sd±1.9°C and 31.6°C sd±3.1°C, respectively). No influence of core body temperature on either method was detected. Thermography was less influenced by ambient temperature than was thermometry.

Conclusion

In conclusion uveitic eyes are not significantly warmer than non‐uveitic eyes. Despite the lack of significance, a tendency towards increased ocular temperature in uveitic eyes, compared with non‐uveitic eyes was noted. Therefore more research on this topic is warranted.
Reconsidering the impossible — linking environmental drivers to growth, mortality, and recruitment of fish
Authors: Pepin Pierre
Published: June 2015

After a century of research into the drivers of early life (EL) growth and mortality, fisheries science has acquired limited capacity to predict future recruitment. A meta-analysis of stock assessment time series revealed that it may be difficult to identify stock– or environmental–recruitment drivers given limited variability in spawner biomass, recruitment, and survivorship in most populations. In nearly 50% of the stocks, there was limited information at low spawner biomass, limiting the reliability of fits to stock–recruitment models. Furthermore, variations in survivorship in 50% of year-classes resulted in less than a 2.5-fold change in recruitment. Simulations of three scenarios of change in EL growth and mortality rates demonstrated that they must covary positively to reproduce variations in survivorship consistent with observations. The potentially limited reliability of stock–recruitment relationships to predict year-class strength in many stocks and the low variability in survivorship in a large proportion of year-classes has important implications for the development of projections of stock productivity used in scientific advice. Furthermore, if a positive growth–mortality relationship underlies variations in survivorship, new research approaches are required to understand the trophic relationships that govern the dynamics of early life stages of fish and patterns of recruitment variability.
Modulation of mitochondrial respiratory function and ROS production by novel benzopyran analogues
Authors: Petruş Alexandra , Duicu Oana M. , Sturza Adrian , Noveanu Lavinia , Kiss Loránd , Dănilă Maria , Baczkó István , Muntean Danina M. , Jost Norbert
Published: June 2015

A substantial body of evidence indicates that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mKATP) in the heart is protective in conditions associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Several mechanisms have been postulated to be responsible for cardioprotection, including the modulation of mitochondrial respiratory function. The aim of the present study was to characterize the dose-dependent effects of novel synthetic benzopyran analogues, derived from a BMS-191095, a selective mKATPopener, on mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed by high-resolution respirometry, and H2O2production was measured by the Amplex Red fluorescence assay. Four compounds, namely KL-1487, KL-1492, KL-1495, and KL-1507, applied in increasing concentrations (50, 75, 100, and 150 μmol/L, respectively) were investigated. When added in the last two concentrations, all compounds significantly increased State 2 and 4 respiratory rates, an effect that was not abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 100 μmol/L), the classic mKATPinhibitor. The highest concentration also elicited an important decrease of the oxidative phosphorylation in a K+independent manner. Both concentrations of 100 and 150 μmol/L for KL-1487, KL-1492, and KL-1495, and the concentration of 150 μmol/L for KL-1507, respectively, mitigated the mitochondrial H2O2release. In isolated rat heart mitochondria, the novel benzopyran analogues act as protonophoric uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and decrease the generation of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner.
Autotetraploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) obtained using normal diploid eggs: induction and impact on cytogenetic stability
Authors: Benabdelmouna Abdellah , Ledu Christophe
Published: June 2015

We describe two methods of producing viable and fertile autotetraploid Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) based on the use of normal-sized oocytes produced by normal diploid females. Our methods showed that the oocyte size is not a limiting factor for the success of the induction to autotetraploidy. These methods offer means of direct introgression of genetic progress from elite diploid lines to tetraploids used as broodstock, avoiding a triploid step with the risk of transferring undesirable traits from highly fecund triploids. High variability in the level of cytogenetic stability was found among the different tetraploid oysters tested, showing that induction method has an important impact on the long-term cytogenetic stability of the tetraploids. It appears that induction method based on the use of triploid females induces a greater cytogenetic instability among tetraploids so obtained, and this compared to tetraploids originating from the two methods described in our present study. As the aneuploidies and reversions observed in tetraploids can have serious consequences for the sustainability of tetraploid broodstock itself, as well as their triploid offspring, the two tetraploid induction methods described in the present work offer means to produce tetraploids with optimal cytogenetic, genetic, and zootechnical performances.
The nonadditivity of stacking interactions in adenine–thymine and guanine–cytosine stacked structures: Study by MP2 and SCS-MP2 calculations
Authors: Sun Chang-Liang , Ding Fu , Ding Yan-Li , Wang Chang-Sheng
Published: June 2015

The nonadditivity of stacking interactions in stacked structures of adenine–thymine and guanine–cytosine base pairs is investigated by MP2 and SCS-MP2 calculations with 6-311++G** and aug-cc-pvdz basis sets. The calculation results indicate that the intermolecular distances in the multi-stacked structures do not become shorter obviously as the stacked structure added. The middle stacking interaction energies in the multi-stacked structures also become weaker than that of dimer structures. It is found that the total stacking interaction energies of the trimer and tetramer stacked structures do not increase proportionally. Based on the results, we suggest that there is negative cooperativity of the stacking interactions in the adenine–thymine and guanine–cytosine stacked structures.
Optimizing Batch Linear Queries under Exact and Approximate Differential Privacy
Authors: Yuan Ganzhao , Zhang Zhenjie , Winslett Marianne , Xiao Xiaokui , Yang Yin , Hao Zhifeng
Published: June 2015

Differential privacy is a promising privacy-preserving paradigm for statistical query processing over sensitive data. It works by injecting random noise into each query result such that it is provably hard for the adversary to infer the presence or absence of any individual record from the published noisy results. The main objective in differentially private query processing is to maximize the accuracy of the query results while satisfying the privacy guarantees. Previous work, notably Li et al. [2010], has suggested that, with an appropriate strategy, processing a batch of correlated queries as a whole achieves considerably higher accuracy than answering them individually. However, to our knowledge there is currently no practical solution to find such a strategy for an arbitrary query batch; existing methods either return strategies of poor quality (often worse than naive methods) or require prohibitively expensive computations for even moderately large domains. Motivated by this, we propose a
low-rank mechanism
(LRM), the first practical differentially private technique for answering batch linear queries with high accuracy. LRM works for both exact (i.e., ϵ-) and approximate (i.e., (ϵ, δ)-) differential privacy definitions. We derive the utility guarantees of LRM and provide guidance on how to set the privacy parameters, given the user's utility expectation. Extensive experiments using real data demonstrate that our proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art query processing solutions under differential privacy, by large margins.
Affective Analysis of Professional and Amateur Abstract Paintings Using Statistical Analysis and Art Theory
Authors: Sartori Andreza , Yanulevskaya Victoria , Salah Almila Akdag , Uijlings Jasper , Bruni Elia , Sebe Nicu
Published: June 2015

When artists express their feelings through the artworks they create, it is believed that the resulting works transform into objects with “emotions” capable of conveying the artists' mood to the audience. There is little to no dispute about this belief: Regardless of the artwork, genre, time, and origin of creation, people from different backgrounds are able to read the emotional messages. This holds true even for the most abstract paintings. Could this idea be applied to machines as well? Can machines learn what makes a work of art “emotional”? In this work, we employ a state-of-the-art recognition system to learn which statistical patterns are associated with positive and negative emotions on two different datasets that comprise professional and amateur abstract artworks. Moreover, we analyze and compare two different annotation methods in order to establish the ground truth of positive and negative emotions in abstract art. Additionally, we use computer vision techniques to quantify which parts of a painting evoke positive and negative emotions. We also demonstrate how the quantification of evidence for positive and negative emotions can be used to predict which parts of a painting people prefer to focus on. This method opens new opportunities of research on why a specific painting is perceived as emotional at global and local scales.
Investigation of Optical Coherence Microelastography as a Method to Visualize Cancers in Human Breast Tissue
Authors: Kennedy Brendan F. , McLaughlin Robert A. , Kennedy Kelsey M. , Chin Lixin , Wijesinghe Philip , Curatolo Andrea , Tien Alan , Ronald Maxine , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Sampson David D.
Published: June 2015

An accurate intraoperative identification of malignant tissue is a challenge in the surgical management of breast cancer. Imaging techniques that help address this challenge could contribute to more complete and accurate tumor excision, and thereby help reduce the current high reexcision rates without resorting to the removal of excess healthy tissue. Optical coherence microelastography (OCME) is a three-dimensional, high-resolution imaging technique that is sensitive to microscale variations of the mechanical properties of tissue. As the tumor modifies the mechanical properties of breast tissue, OCME has the potential to identify, on the microscale, involved regions of fresh, unstained tissue. OCME is based on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure tissue deformation in response to applied mechanical compression. In this feasibility study on 58 ex vivo samples from patients undergoing mastectomy or wide local excision, we demonstrate the performance of OCME as a means to visualize tissue microarchitecture in benign and malignant human breast tissues. Through a comparison with corresponding histology and OCT images, OCME is shown to enable ready visualization of features such as ducts, lobules, microcysts, blood vessels, and arterioles and to identify invasive tumor through distinctive patterns in OCME images, often with enhanced contrast compared with OCT. These results lay the foundation for future intraoperative studies. Cancer Res; 75(16); 3236–45. ©2015 AACR.
Antiangiogenic VEGF-Ax: A New Participant in Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Eswarappa Sandeepa M. , Fox Paul L.
Published: June 2015

The transcript of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is subject to a multitude of stimulus-dependent, posttranscriptional regulatory events, consistent with its unusually long 3′ untranslated region. We have recently reported translational readthrough of VEGFA mRNA whereby translating ribosomes traverse the canonical stop codon to a conserved, downstream stop codon, generating VEGF-Ax (“x” for extended), a novel, extended isoform with an additional 22 amino acids appended at the C-terminus. This event is the first vertebrate example of protein-regulated, programmed translational readthrough that generates a protein with a known function. Remarkably, VEGF-Ax exhibits potent antiangiogenic activity, both in vitro and in vivo, thus raising profound clinical implications, particularly with respect to cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the potential of VEGF-Ax as a therapeutic agent and drug target, as well as its possible role in the failure of, or resistance to, conventional anti-VEGF therapies in many types of cancers. Cancer Res; 75(14); 2765–9. ©2015 AACR.
SMO Gene Amplification and Activation of the Hedgehog Pathway as Novel Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Drugs in Human Lung Cancer
Authors: Della Corte Carminia Maria , Bellevicine Claudio , Vicidomini Giovanni , Vitagliano Donata , Malapelle Umberto , Accardo Marina , Fabozzi Alessio , Fiorelli Alfonso , Fasano Morena , Papaccio Federica , Martinelli Erika , Troiani Teresa , Troncone Giancarlo , Santini Mario , Bianco Roberto , Ciardiello Fortunato , Morgillo Floriana
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of EGF receptor (EGFR) is often related to activation of other signaling pathways and evolution through a mesenchymal phenotype.

Experimental Design: Because the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has emerged as an important mediator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we studied the activation of Hh signaling in models of EGFR-TKIs intrinsic or acquired resistance from both EGFR-mutated and wild-type (WT) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines.

Results: Activation of the Hh pathway was found in both models of EGFR-mutated and EGFR-WT NSCLC cell line resistant to EGFR-TKIs. In EGFR-mutated HCC827-GR cells, we found SMO (the Hh receptor) gene amplification, MET activation, and the functional interaction of these two signaling pathways. In HCC827-GR cells, inhibition of SMO or downregulation of GLI1 (the most important Hh-induced transcription factor) expression in combination with MET inhibition exerted significant antitumor activity.

In EGFR-WT NSCLC cell lines resistant to EGFR inhibitors, the combined inhibition of SMO and EGFR exerted a strong antiproliferative activity with a complete inhibition of PI3K/Akt and MAPK phosphorylation. In addition, the inhibition of SMO by the use of LDE225 sensitizes EGFR-WT NSCLC cells to standard chemotherapy.

Conclusions:This result supports the role of the Hh pathway in mediating resistance to anti-EGFR-TKIs through the induction of EMT and suggests new opportunities to design new treatment strategies in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 21(20); 4686–97. ©2015 AACR.
Wee-1 Kinase Inhibition Sensitizes High-Risk HPV+ HNSCC to Apoptosis Accompanied by Downregulation of MCl-1 and XIAP Antiapoptotic Proteins
Authors: Tanaka Noriaki , Patel Ameeta A. , Wang Jiping , Frederick Mitchell J. , Kalu Nene N. , Zhao Mei , Fitzgerald Alison L. , Xie Tong-xin , Silver Natalie L. , Caulin Carlos , Zhou Ge , Skinner Heath D. , Johnson Faye M. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Osman Abdullah A.
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Although the majority of patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal cancers have a favorable prognosis, there are some patients with tumors that are resistant to aggressive chemoradiotherapy with unusual patterns of locoregional and systemic recurrences. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. In this study, we investigated the chemosensitizing efficacy of the selective Wee-1 kinase inhibitor, AZD-1775, in HPV+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Experimental Design: Clonogenic survival assays and an orthotopic mouse model of HPV+ oral cancer were used to examine the in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of HPV+ HNSCC cell lines to AZD-1775 in combination with cisplatin, respectively. Cell-cycle analysis, DNA damage (γH2AX), homologous recombination (HR), and apoptosis were examined to dissect molecular mechanisms.

Results: We found that AZD-1775 displays single-agent activity and enhances the response of HPV+ HNSCC cells to cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. The sensitivity of the HPV+ HNSCC cells to AZD-1775 alone or in combination with cisplatin was associated with G2 checkpoint abrogation, persistent DNA damage, and apoptosis induction. This finding of AZD-1775 increasing the sensitivity of HPV+ HNSCC cells to cisplatin through apoptosis was not seen previously in the HPV− HNSCC cancer cells and is accompanied by a decreased expression of the antiapoptotic proteins, MCl-1and XIAP, which appear to be cleaved following AZD-1775 treatment.

Conclusions: AZD-1775 selectively sensitizes HPV+ HNSCC cells and orthotopic oral xenografts to cisplatin through apoptosis and support the clinical investigation of AZD-1775 in combination with cisplatin particularly in patients with advanced and recurrent metastatic HPV+ HNSCC tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 21(21); 4831–44. ©2015 AACR.
A Critical Examination of the “Bad Luck” Explanation of Cancer Risk
Authors: Rozhok Andrii I. , Wahl Geoffrey M. , DeGregori James
Published: June 2015

Tomasetti and Vogelstein (1) argue that lifetime cancer risk for particular tissues is mostly determined by the total number of stem cell (SC) divisions within the tissue, whereby most cancers arise due to “bad luck”—mutations occurring during DNA replication. We argue that the poorly substantiated estimations of SC division parameters and assumptions that oversimplify somatic evolution prevent such a conclusion from being drawn. Cancer Prev Res; 8(9); 762–4. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Wang et al., p. 761
A New Method in Auricular Medicine for the Investigation of the Nogier Reflex
Authors: Litscher Gerhard , Bahr Frank , Litscher Daniela , Min Le-Quan , Rong Pei-Jing
Published: June 2015

Background: Although there is as yet no scientific consensus on this topic, the Nogier reflex or reflex auriculo-cardiac (RAC; also vascular autonomic signal) is an important method in auricular medicine. This article introduces a new methodological approach for the detection and quantification of the RAC. Methods: A new high-resolution imaging technique for the registration of pulsatory surface changes might allow the RAC to be quantified reproducibly for the first time. The method combines an innovative microscope system (available at the Medical University of Graz), video analysis software, and special image processing software (from the Beijing University of Science and Technology). Results: Even small, pulse-dependent alterations of the skin surface could be clearly visualized. Conclusion: The pilot measurement confirmed the validity of the new methodological approach. Further investigations are necessary and in progress.
Coagulation Status in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Danish Population- and Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Miller Iben Marie , Johansen Maria Egede , Mogensen Ulla B. , Zarchi Kian , Ellervik Christina , Jemec Gregor B.E.
Published: June 2015

Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases other than hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have been associated with prothrombotic/hypercoagulable status. Objective: To investigate a possible association between the chronic inflammatory skin disease HS and prothrombotic/hypercoagulable state. Methods: We performed a hospital- and population-based cross-sectional study investigating the coagulation status (thrombocytes, mean platelet volume [MPV], international normalized ratio [INR] and activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT]). Results: 32 hospital HS subjects, 430 population HS subjects and 20,780 population non-HS control subjects were identified. The adjusted analyses showed no differences in the levels of thrombocytes, MPV, INR or APTT between the HS groups (hospital HS group, population HS group) when compared to controls (p = 0.089, p = 0.3078; p = 0.5499, p = 0.0659; p = 0.0932; p = 0.3432). Conclusion: We did not find an association between HS and prothrombotic/hypercoagulable status. Thus, thrombocytes may not be activated in HS. Furthermore, INR may not be affected in HS, suggesting that intrinsic and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors appear unaffected.
Entretien avec Jean-Michel Maulpoix
Authors: Siscar Marcos
Published: June 2015

Entrevista concedida por Jean-Michel Maulpoix (poeta, crítico e professor da Université Paris 3 - Sorbonne Nouvelle) sobre sua obra crítica e poética.
O punctum no processo de escrita de W ou a memória da infância, de Georges Perec
Authors: Cavalari Tatiana Barbosa
Published: June 2015

O texto tem como objetivo realizar uma leitura da obra W ou a memória da infância, a partir da perspectiva d’A câmara clara. Segundo Barthes, a foto não rememora o passado. Perec, por sua vez, afirma ter escrito um dos seus principais textos autobiográficos a partir da descrição de algumas fotos antigas. Como podemos pensar nesse trabalho de escrita a partir da observação e descrição detalhada das fotografias? Os conceitos de studium e punctum podem estar presentes na leitura de Perec? A relação entre a memória e a observação de fotos, tão presente em A câmara clara, será discutida aqui a partir desse texto autobiográfico, permeado por vazios, esquecimentos e imagens ausentes.
Barthes apreendido por Rancière
Authors: Clerc Thomas , Pino Claudia Amigo , Fontanari Rodrigo
Published: June 2015

Sem resumo
Fonética e fonologia portuguesas: um modelo didático latoratorial
Authors: Masip Vicente
Published: June 2015

As línguas naturais são veículos orais de comunicação que eventualmente se escrevem. É muito importante refletir sobre os sons do português, usando todos recursos que a tecnologia coloca ao nosso dispor, especialmente os laboratórios fonéticos, que nos permitem gravar mensagens, analisá-las, diagnosticá-las e transmiti-las. Propomos um modelo, em duas fases, a primeira mais simples e a segunda mais elaborada, que poderá ser usado como suporte para o ensino da língua portuguesa a nativos e a estrangeiros e, especialmente, como instrumento de pesquisa capaz de detalhar o registro dos sons, seus traços segmentais e prosódicos; a partir da investigação sonora que sugerimos, será possível estabelecer contrastes, identificar convergências e divergências e esclarecer ambiguidades e equívocos, procedimentos especialmente úteis para professores do ensino fundamental, que carecem de instrumentos para fazer a ponte entre a fala e a escrita, carência que se reflete na pobreza de resultados obtidos na alfabetização de crianças, jovens e adultos brasileiros. A pesquisa do som, que até alguns anos atrás constituía uma atividade complexa e onerosa, foi progressivamente simplificada e barateada até se tornar uma ferramenta ao alcance de todos.
Do letramento digital ao acadêmico: dinâmica interacional e práticas de escrita no Facebook
Authors: Pereira Eunice Braga
Published: June 2015

Neste trabalho discutimos alguns dos resultados obtidos a partir de um projeto de ensino realizado na graduação em Letras-Português da Universidade Federal do Pará. Analisamos a dinâmica interacional vivenciada pelos graduandos na rede social Facebook quando ressignificada como plataforma de ensino, bem como o uso da escrita nessas interações. Entendemos que a utilização de ferramentas da cultura digital pode contribuir em muito para a formação de futuros professores de língua portuguesa, visto que as práticas de linguagem têm sido diretamente influenciadas por tais ferramentas. Buscamos a formação integral de nossos alunos preparando-os para a prática acadêmica, mas também para a futura atuação docente em um contexto no qual as tecnologias e as ferramentas digitais estarão cada vez mais presentes. Assim, objetivamos contribuir para a ampliação do Letramento digital e acadêmico de nossos alunos. Como metodologia, utilizamos a modalidade Blended Learning, isto é, um ensino misto (presencial e online). Dessa forma, acreditamos que a aprendizagem poderia se tornar um processo mais contínuo. Apoiamo-nos teoricamente nos Estudos sobre Letramento, conforme Martin (2008), Street (2014) e Lankshear e Knobel (2008) e nas reflexões de Levy (2010) sobre Cibercultura. A pesquisa, de caráter etnográfico, busca analisar os Letramentos em contexto, entendidos como práticas sociais.
Cartógrafos e inventariantes: listas como pesquisa em artes cênicas
Authors: Terra Vinícius Demarchi Silva , Guzzo Marina Souza Lobo
Published: June 2015

Chama atenção o número de trabalhos recentes na cena contemporânea que apresentam em seu processo de criação o uso de listas, inventários e mapeamentos limitados por números, aqui compreendidos como listas cartográficas. Provocados pela radicalidade e qualidade dessas obras, partimos deles para ensaiar sobre a necessidade dessas cartografias listadas na cultura contemporânea. 
DEFININDO O CARÁTER DE PAISAGENS ETNOGRÁFICAS: A COLÔNIA FAZENDA TRÊS BARRAS NO PARANÁ
Authors: Frank Bruno José Rodrigues , Yamaki Humberto Tetsuya
Published: June 2015

O artigo analisa os elementos e processos que influem na definição do caráter de paisagem etnográfica, entendida como a associação de determinada comunidade em determinado espaço geográfico. Procuramos aplicar um método de análise de paisagem etnográfica através do estudo de componentes. A Fazenda Três-Barras foi um projeto de colonização da Sociedade Colonizadora do Brasil-BRATAC. Esta companhia, de capital japonês, vinha atuando no Brasil desde 1924 com empreendimentos de colonização no Estado de São Paulo. A companhia possuía uma série de diretrizes de implantação de seus projetos, passando pelo planejamento, execução e organização. Essas diretrizes procurava evocar em certos aspectos a paisagem da terra natal na espacialização do território. Buscando um caminho para identificação e caracterização de paisagens etnográficas através de atributos como coerência, legibilidade, continuidade e distinção.
ASPECTOS MORFOESTRUTURAIS E MORFOESCULTURAIS DA SERRA DA CANASTRA E ENTORNO (MG)
Authors: Souza Dhulia Alves de , Rodrigues Silvio Carlos
Published: June 2015

A região escolhida para este estudo carece de um mapeamento geomorfológico sistemático em escala de semi-detalhe. Em função desta lacuna, tem-se como objetivo de realizar a caracterização geomorfológica da área da Serra da Canastra e entorno, utilizando como suporte teórico metodológico as propostas de Valeriano (2008), Florenzano (2008), Borges et al. (2007), Ross (1992), Silva (2012) e Casseti (2005), buscando realizar a compartimentação geomorfológica da área de estudo. Além do suporte teórico foram também utilizadas técnicas de Geoprocessamento para o tratamento de dados e obtenção de informações. Como resultado destes procedimentos foram gerados mapas de compartimentação morfoestrutural, a partir da análise geológica; morfoescultural, a partir da análise da topografia e rugosidade da imagem sombreada; lineamentos estruturais e formas escarpadas, a partir da foto interpretação de imagens e por fim gerou-se o mapa de compartimentação geomorfológica, que permitiu entender a organização geral do relevo regional e os principais processos morfogenéticos atuantes.
O USO DO MODELO BOX PLOT NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ANOS-PADRÃO SECOS, CHUVOSOS E HABITUAIS NA MICRORREGIÃO DE DOURADOS, MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Schneider Heverton , Silva Charlei Aparecido da
Published: June 2015

Este artigo mostra o resultado da aplicação do método estatístico denominado Box Plot, cuja finalidade é a identificação de anos padrão secos, chuvosos e habituais, sendo para tanto, analisados os dados pluviométricos da série histórica 1980-2012. Devido à carência de metodologia específica para a climatologia, há a necessidade de se buscar métodos apropriados cuja contribuição é fundamental para se analisar e compreender a variabilidade das chuvas. A utilização de anos excepcionais é importante por contribuir com o entendimento das possíveis variabilidades que ocorrem na circulação atmosférica e que refletem nos tipos de tempo dos anos secos e chuvosos. Portanto, objetiva-se espacializar a distribuição pluviométrica em anos tidos enquanto excepcionais a fim de demonstrar a importância do método estatístico na identificação da variabilidade pluviométrica.
MAPEAMENTO MORFOLÓGICO DE DETALHE: Experiências para a integração entre técnicas de Fotointerpretação e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas no Município de Salesópolis-SP
Authors: Nepomuceno Pablo Luiz Maia , Luchiari Ailton
Published: June 2015

O mapeamento morfológico consiste numa das etapas mais importantes do mapeamento geomorfológico, ele incorpora aspectos da morfografia, ou seja: do mapeamento qualitativo das formas que compõem um relevo; e da morfometria, ou seja: do mapeamento das características quantitativas do relevo (FLORENZANO, 2008). Tais mapeamentos são tradicionalmente realizados a partir da utilização de técnicas de fotointerpretação estereoscópica, sobre fotografias aéreas verticais, combinadas com técnicas de obtenção de variáveis morfométricas por interpretação analógica de cartas topográficas. No entanto, o crescente avanço das técnicas de manipulação de dados topográficos por meio dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas-SIG vem disponibilizando novos recursos para a obtenção de variáveis morfométricas, o que tem ampliado a precisão e eficiência destes mapeamentos, bem como as suas possibilidades de aplicação. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa se propôs a realizar o mapeamento morfológico em escala de detalhe (1:7.500) da área onde está assentado o sítio urbano atual do Município de Salesópolis-SP; a partir da combinação entre variáveis morfométricas, obtidas através de técnicas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, com variáveis morfográficas do relevo, obtidas com a utilização de técnicas de fotointerpretação tradicionais, de tal maneira que permitisse a classificação morfológica da área por meio do uso combinado destas técnicas.
Perceptual Aspects of Visual Stylization
Authors: van Tonder Gert
Published: June 2015

Visual style is instantly recognized as that which sets the qualitative tone of what we look at. For all its intuitive immediacy, verbal articulation of the fundamental visual characteristics of style can be elusive. This paper conceptually analyses the perceptual dimensions of style, suggesting at least eight general properties applicable to visual stylization. These characteristics not only embody the essential dimensions of perceptual experience of a given style, but can also be thought of as a generative grammar of stylistic expression. Together they can be utilized as an early attempt to more clearly conceptualize experimental inquiries regarding the effect of visual stylization in perceptual experience.
Lactarius cucurbitoides (Russulales, Basidiomycota), a new species from South Korea supported by molecular and morphological data
Authors: Lee Hyun , Park Myung Soo , Jung Paul Eunil , Fong Jonathan J. , Oh Seung-Yoon , Verbeken Annemieke , Lim Young Woon
Published: June 2015

A new species belonging to Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus was discovered during a long-term project on the diversity of Korean Lactarius. This species is proposed here as Lactarius cucurbitoides. The status of L. cucurbitoides as a new species is supported by molecular data and morphological features. Phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences shows that L. cucurbitoides is closely related to L. subplinthogalus, L. friabilis, and L. oomsisiensis, with pairwise distances of 2.8–4.3%. Morphological characters of L. cucurbitoides that distinguish it from these closely related species are a pale yellow to pale orange colored pileus and non-discoloration of white latex. The new species is described and illustrated in the present paper.
Further records of species of Gennadas (Crustacea, Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata, Benthesicymidae) in the Mexican Pacific
Authors: HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: June 2015

Additional material of species of Gennadas was collected off western Mexico during the TALUD survey aboard the R/V "El Puma". Gennadas sordidus was by far the most common species collected and only a few specimens of the other three species, G. incertus, G. propinquus and G. scutatus, were obtained. New and previous records indicate that Gennadas sordidus is widely distributed along the west coast of Mexico, although there is only one record for it south of the Gulf of California. In this study it was collected in as many as 35 localities, both in the Gulf of California and off the west coast of Southern Baja California. Numbers of specimens also confirmed that it is the dominant species of Gennadas in the area. Gennadas incertus was found in six samples, all from off the west coast of northern Baja California. The other two species occurred each in two samples only, with sampling localities widely spread along the Baja California Peninsula. Compared with the rest of the eastern Pacific, the diversity of Gennadas in Mexican waters is intermediate (6 species) vs. 9 in Chile and 4 in the NW Pacific.
Notes on the Australian Anacaenini (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae): description of male of Phelea breviceps Hansen and unravelling the identity of Crenitis neogallica Gentili
Authors: FIKÁČEK MARTIN , WATTS CHRIS H. S.
Published: June 2015

The holotype and additional specimens of the Tasmanian endemic Phelea breviceps Hansen, 1999, and the holotype of Crenitis neogallica Gentili, 1996 were examined in order to explore their generic and tribal placement. The morphology of Phelea is illustrated in detail, its male genitalia are described for the first time, and it is confirmed as a member of Anacaenini, sharing numerous characters with Crenitis Bedel, 1881 and the New Zealand endemic Horelophus walkeri Orchymont, 1913. Crenitis neogallica is removed from Anacaenini and transferred to the rygmodine genus Pseudohydrobius Blackburn, 1898 (as Pseudohydrobius neogallicus (Gentili, 1996) comb. nov.) and its holotype is illustrated. The genus Crenitis is hence removed from the Australian fauna.
Two new species of the Neotropical spider genus Umuara Brescovit (Araneae, Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae) from Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA LUIZ FERNANDO M. , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.
Published: June 2015

Two new species of the genus Umuara are described from Brazil: Umuara freddyi, from the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais and São Paulo and Umuara xingo, from the states of Ceará, Paraíba, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro.
Characteristics of Thunderstorms That Produce Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes
Authors: Chronis Themistoklis , Briggs Michael S. , Priftis George , Connaughton Valerie , Brundell James , Holzworth Robert , Heckman Stan , McBreen Shelia , Fitzpatrick Gerard , Stanbro Matthew
Published: June 2015

Ground-based lightning detection systems geolocated 877 terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) from a sample of 2,279 TGFs detected with the Fermi Gamma Ray Burst Monitor (GBM). From these accurate geolocations, 24 TGFs are found within the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) operational range in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and the Pacific near Guam. NEXRAD-enhanced echo-top (EET) data show that these 24 TGFs are consistently adjacent to high-altitude regions of the storms. The high EET values suggest that there is likely a detection–selection effect, in which the gamma rays from lower-altitude TGFs are attenuated by the atmosphere so that such TGFs fall below the detection threshold of current space-based detectors. The vertical integrated liquid density (VILD) values and the volume scan reflectivities Z show that these 24 TGFs originate from storms of a wide range of convective strengths. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) values from reanalysis also vary widely, providing additional evidence of the range of convection in these TGF-producing storms.
Is non-family social capital also (or especially) important for family firm performance?
Authors: Sanchez-Famoso Valeriano , Akhter Naveed , Iturralde Txomin , Chirico Francesco , Maseda Amaia
Published: June 2015

This article reports on a study investigating the effects of both family and non-family social capital on firm performance. Specifically, we contend that non-family social capital has a stronger effect on firm performance than family social capital and it also serves as a mediator between family social capital and firm performance. Using a sample of 172 Spanish family firms that includes two respondents per firm, we test a structural model that confirms our hypotheses. Our results extend the understanding of social capital beyond family firms by exploring both family- and non-family-based social relationships in a context in which social factors are predominant.
Elevated Level of Circulating Platelet-derived Microparticles in Oral Cancer
Authors: Ren J.G. , Man Q.W. , Zhang W. , Li C. , Xiong X.P. , Zhu J.Y. , Wang W.M. , Sun Z.J. , Jia J. , Zhang W.F. , Zhao Y.F. , Chen G. , Liu B.
Published: June 2015

Numerous studies have demonstrated that circulating microparticles (MPs) play important roles in a variety of diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes), but the association between circulating MPs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains largely unknown. In the present study, the circulating platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) in 63 patients with OSCC, 22 patients with infected keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and 31 healthy volunteers were characterized and quantified by flow cytometric analysis. The coagulation function of patients with OSCC was correspondingly evaluated. Meanwhile, the inflammation-related cytokines were detected in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that the plasma level of circulating PMPs was significantly higher in OSCC patients compared with healthy volunteers and patients with infected keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and they showed positive correlation with the increased level of fibrinogen. Moreover, the coagulation time was significantly shorter after the MPs were added to the MP-free plasma. Most important, the levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α in plasma and tumor tissues were significantly increased in OSCC patients, which were closely correlated with the elevated level of circulating PMPs. In summary, this study suggests that the elevated level of circulating PMPs, showing close correlation with the secretion of inflammation-related factors, may contribute to the increased procoagulant activity in patients with OSCC.
Emotion Word Type and Affective Valence Priming at a Long Stimulus Onset Asynchrony
Authors: Kazanas Stephanie A. , Altarriba Jeanette
Published: June 2015

As the division between emotion and emotion-laden words has been viewed as controversial by, for example, Kousta and colleagues, the current study attempted a replication and extension of findings previously described by Kazanas and Altarriba. In their findings, Kazanas and Altarriba reported significant differences in response times (RTs) and priming effects between emotion and emotion-laden words, with faster RTs and larger priming effects with emotion words than with emotion-laden words. These findings were consistent across unmasked (Experiment 1) and masked (Experiment 2) versions of a lexical decision task, where participants either explicitly or implicitly processed the prime words of each prime-target word pair. Findings from Experiment 2 have been previously replicated by Kazanas and Altarriba with a Spanish–English bilingual sample, when tested in English, the participants’ functionally dominant language. The current study was designed to extend these previous findings, using a l000-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), which was longer than the 250-ms SOA originally used by Kazanas and Altarriba. Findings from the current study supported the division between emotion and emotion-laden words, as they replicated those previously described by Kazanas and Altarriba. In addition, the current study determined that negative words were processed significantly slower in this experiment, with a long SOA (replicating findings by Rossell and Nobre).
The tick Ixodida: an unusual foreign body in the ear
Authors: Alazzawi Sarmad , Omar Rahmat , Raman Rajagopalan
Published: June 2015

We report a patient with a hard tick in her left ear, adherent to the tympanic membrane.
The Information-Gathering Matrix: A Framework for Conceptualizing the Use of Freedom of Information Laws
Authors: Michener Gregory , Worthy Ben
Published: June 2015

Scholarship on transparency and freedom of information (FOI) conveys an overwhelmingly “political” narrative. Most uses of FOI, however, are private and nonpolitical in nature. This article explores the gap between the literature and empirical reality by means of an “Information-Gathering Matrix,” a framework for conceptualizing the motivations, uses, and impacts associated with FOI. Following a broad literature review, case studies illustrate that while FOI uses may be multifarious and prima facie nonpolitical, at least three of the matrix’s four quadrants—from the public to the private and the political to the nonpolitical—frequently tend toward politicization.
Medical Advice from Lawyers
Authors: Tippett Elizabeth
Published: June 2015

This study examined the medical information contained in a sample of television ads soliciting consumers for lawsuits against drug and medical device manufactures. Almost all such ads involved drugs or devices that have not been recalled and remain on the market. These ads raise important public health questions because they may influence the prospective medical decisions of viewers.

The ads contained extensive descriptions of serious adverse events associated with the drugs or devices but almost uniformly failed to disclose information relating to the likelihood of such events. They also failed to effectively advise viewers to consult a doctor.

Results also identified a subset of ads that mimicked public service announcements, claiming to be a “medical alert” “consumer alert” or “FDA warning” at the start of the ad. Most such ads did not disclose the attorney source of the advertising until the final few seconds.
The Legal and Regulatory Status of Biosimilars
Authors: Paradise Jordan
Published: June 2015

Alongside the constitutional controversy ultimately addressed by the Supreme Court, the colossal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) ushered in a new paradigm for regulation of biologics by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nestled within the expansive ACA, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA) set forth an abbreviated pathway to market for “biosimilar” and “interchangeable” biological products. While the current BPCIA implementation debate focuses chiefly on the scope of scientific and technical assessments by the FDA and the effect on the emergent biosimilar industry, two issues will prove essential for determinations of access to and costs of the resulting products: how the biosimilar and interchangeable biosimilar biologics are to be named, and whether pharmacist substitution is appropriate for products the FDA deems interchangeable. This article examines the current debate surrounding the use of nonproprietary names for biosimilar biologics, as well as state efforts to reconcile automatic substitution laws for the eventual products. In particular, the article addresses the implications for patients and the United States health care system, highlighting the potential negative effect on anticipated cost-savings, hindrances for effective tracking and reporting of adverse events, and a general lack of consistency in state laws.
HPV‐Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Marilene B. , Liu Isabelle Y. , Gornbein Jeffrey A. , Nguyen Chau T.
Published: June 2015

Objective

Human papillomavirus‐positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is increasing in incidence and appears to exhibit improved response to treatment and better survival than that of HPV– head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the current literature regarding treatment and prognosis of HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and identify whether type of treatment (primarily surgery vs primarily radiation) significantly affects survival rates.

Data Sources

PubMed and Cochrane Library databases.

Review Methods

A computerized search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify English‐language articles published between January 1, 2000, and October 21, 2014. Studies were included only if they were prospective or retrospective observational series of OPSCC patients that reported HPV status, treatment regimen, and survival outcomes. Outcomes were determined for HPV+ and HPV– OPSCC patients, with subanalyses according to the type of treatment received.

Results

Fifty‐six articles were eligible for this review. In the HPV+ analysis, the unadjusted hazard rate ratio (HR) for surgery vs radiation treatment was 1.33 (P =. 114). Nine confounders were considered, and HRs were adjusted for each covariate. While HRs were almost all >1 for all covariates, none of the HRs was statistically significant at P <. 05. The HR for HPV– OPSCC was higher for radiation than surgery.

Conclusions

HPV+ OPSCC has an improved prognosis and lower rates of adverse events when compared with HPV– OPSCC. HPV– OPSCC had significantly worse outcomes when treated with primary radiation as compared with primary surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in HRs for HPV+ OPSCC with primary radiation vs primary surgery treatment.
Evidence‐Based Medicine in Otolaryngology, Part 5
Authors: Pynnonen Melissa A. , Randolph Gregory W. , Shin Jennifer J.
Published: June 2015

Modern medical decision making is a complex task requiring collaboration between patients and physicians. Related clinical evidence may delineate a clearly favorable path, but in other instances, uncertainty remains. Even in these circumstances, however, there are techniques that optimize decision making by blending existing evidence with individual patient values in the context of physician counseling. This installment of “Evidence‐Based Medicine in Otolaryngology” focuses on the crucial issue of how practitioners may approach clinical situations where the data do not delineate a single irrefutable path. We describe decision aids—tools that can educate patients about data related to complex clinical decisions. We review their definition, quality standards, patient interface, benefits, and limitations. We also discuss the related concept of option grids and the role of decision aids in evidence‐based practice.