bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manic depression in literature: the case of Virginia Woolf
Authors: Koutsantoni Katerina
Published: March 2012

The steady growth of the discipline of medical humanities has facilitated better understanding of the symptoms and signs of mental health conditions and the feelings of the humans experiencing them. In this project, the arts have been seen as enabling re-engagement of the practitioner with the patient's own perceptions and feelings. With respect to the association between creativity and bipolar disorder in particular, work within medical humanities has meant that mentally ill creative individuals have been subject to scientific scrutiny and investigation, rather than continuing to be viewed as naively romanticised cases of mental illness. This paper is an attempt to supplement traditional literary criticism by examining Virginia Woolf's history of bipolar disorder through a medical humanities lens. I will provide an overview of Woolf's history of manic-depressive episodes, their symptoms and manifestation, look back on her circumstances during their occurrence, and observe the author's losing battle to salvage her identity in the throes of the disease. The aim is to offer further insight into Woolf's psychopathology and to gain some understanding of the causes and progression of the condition that led to her death by suicide.
TRIPLE HIGGS BOSON PRODUCTION AT THE ILC IN THE LEFT–RIGHT TWIN HIGGS MODEL
Authors: QIN XIN , LIU YAO-BEI
Published: March 2012

Besides the SM-like Higgs boson h, the left–right twin Higgs (LRTH) model predicts the existence of three additional Higgs bosons: one neutral Higgs ϕ0and a pair of charged Higgs bosons ϕ±. In this paper, we focus on the study of the triple Higgs production at the ILC, i.e. e+e-→ϕ0ϕ+ϕ-and e+e-→hhϕ0. We present the production cross-sections and the distributions of the various observables, such as, the distributions of the energy and the transverse momenta of neutral and charged Higgs bosons, the differential cross-section of the invariant mass of final Higgs bosons pair, and the production angle distributions of neutral Higgs boson and charged Higgs boson. Our numerical results show that, for the processes e+e-→ϕ0ϕ+ϕ-and e+e-→hhϕ0, the production rates are at the level of 10-1fb with reasonable parameter values while the resonance production cross-section can be significantly enhanced and reach several tens fb. The signatures for signals and corresponding standard model backgrounds are also investigated for the decay mode [Formula: see text].
UNARY FA-PRESENTABLE SEMIGROUPS
Authors: CAIN ALAN J. , RUŠKUC NIK , THOMAS RICHARD M.
Published: March 2012

Automatic presentations, also called FA-presentations, were introduced to extend finite model theory to infinite structures whilst retaining the solubility of interesting decision problems. A particular focus of research has been the classification of those structures of some species that admit automatic presentations. Whilst some successes have been obtained, this appears to be a difficult problem in general. A restricted problem, also of significant interest, is to ask this question for unary automatic presentations: automatic presentations over a one-letter alphabet. This paper studies unary FA-presentable semigroups. We prove the following: Every unary FA-presentable structure admits an injective unary automatic presentation where the language of representatives consists of every word over a one-letter alphabet. Unary FA-presentable semigroups are locally finite, but non-finitely generated unary FA-presentable semigroups may be infinite. Every unary FA-presentable semigroup satisfies some Burnside identity. We describe the Green's relations in unary FA-presentable semigroups. We investigate the relationship between the class of unary FA-presentable semigroups and various semigroup constructions. A classification is given of the unary FA-presentable completely simple semigroups.
AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF QUANDLES
Authors: ELHAMDADI MOHAMED , MACQUARRIE JENNIFER , RESTREPO RICARDO
Published: March 2012

We prove that the automorphism group of the dihedral quandle with n elements is isomorphic to the affine group of the integers mod n, and also obtain the inner automorphism group of this quandle. In [B. Ho and S. Nelson, Matrices and finite quandles, Homology Homotopy Appl.7(1) (2005) 197–208.], automorphism groups of quandles (up to isomorphisms) of order less than or equal to 5 were given. With the help of the software Maple, we compute the inner and automorphism groups of all seventy three quandles of order six listed in the appendix of [S. Carter, S. Kamada and M. Saito, Surfaces in 4-Space, Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 142, Low-Dimensional Topology, III (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004)]. Since computations of automorphisms of quandles relate to the problem of classification of quandles, we also describe an algorithm implemented in C for computing all quandles (up to isomorphism) of order less than or equal to nine.
RESTRICTIONS OF MODULES OVER CLASSICAL GROUPS TO SUBGROUPS OF TYPE A1 × A1 IN CHARACTERISTIC 2
Authors: OSINOVSKAYA ANNA A.
Published: March 2012

The restrictions of irreducible modules over classical groups in characteristic 2 to subsystem subgroups of type A1 × A1 are studied. The composition factors (without their multiplicities) for restrictions of irreducible modules over Ar(K) and Dr(K) with 2-restricted highest weights are found.
FRATTINI SUBGROUP OF THE UNIT GROUP OF CENTRAL SIMPLE ALGEBRAS
Authors: DORBIDI H. R. , MAHDAVI-HEZAVEHI M.
Published: March 2012

Given an F-central simple algebra A = Mn(D), denote by A′ the derived group of its unit group A*. Here, the Frattini subgroup Φ(A*) of A* for various fields F is investigated. For global fields, it is proved that when F is a real global field, then Φ(A*) = Φ(F*)Z(A′), otherwise Φ(A*) = ⋂p∤ deg (A) F*p. Furthermore, it is also shown that Φ(A*) = k* whenever F is either a field of rational functions over a divisible field k or a finitely generated extension of an algebraically closed field k.
THE INFLUENCE OF Φ-S-SUPPLEMENTED SUBGROUPS ON THE STRUCTURE OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: LI CHANGWEN
Published: March 2012

A subgroup H of a group G is called Φ-s-supplemented in G if there exists a subnormal subgroup K of G such that G = HK and H ∩ K ≤ Φ (H), where Φ(H) is the Frattini subgroup of H. We investigate the influence of Φ-s-supplemented subgroups on the p-nilpotency, p-supersolvability and supersolvability of finite groups.
GORENSTEIN COTORSION AND FLAT COMPLEXES
Authors: WANG ZHANPING , LIU ZHONGKUI
Published: March 2012

A complex C is called Gorenstein cotorsion if Ext 1(G, C) = 0 for any Gorenstein flat complex G. It is shown that a complex C of left R-modules is Gorenstein cotorsion if and only if Cn is Gorenstein cotorsion in R-Mod for all n ∈ ℤ and [Formula: see text] is exact for any Gorenstein flat complex G; and [Formula: see text] is a hereditary cotorsion theory over a right coherent ring R, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denote the classes of all Gorenstein flat and Gorenstein cotorsion complexes respectively. Also Gorenstein cotorsion envelopes and Gorenstein flat covers of complexes are considered.
A GENERALIZATION OF REDUCED RINGS
Authors: NASR-ISFAHANI A. R. , MOUSSAVI A.
Published: March 2012

For a ring derivation δ, we introduce and investigate a generalization of reduced rings and Armendariz rings which we call a δ-Armendariz ring. Various classes of δ-Armendariz rings is provided and a number of properties of this generalization are established. Radicals and minimal prime ideals of the differential polynomial ring R[x; δ], in terms of those of a δ-Armendariz R, is determined. We prove that several properties transfer between R and the differential polynomial ring R[x; δ], in case R is δ-Armendariz.
APPLICATIONS OF CLOSURE OPERATIONS ON BIG COHEN–MACAULAY ALGEBRAS
Authors: ASGHARZADEH MOHSEN , BHATTACHARYYA RAJSEKHAR
Published: March 2012

In this note we present some remarks on big Cohen–Macaulay algebras and almost Cohen–Macaulay algebras via closure operations on the ideals and the modules. Our methods for doing these are inspired by the notion of the tight closure and the dagger closure and by the ideas of Northcott on dropping of the Noetherian assumption of certain homological properties.
RECOGNIZING SOME FINITE SIMPLE GROUPS BY NONCOMMUTING GRAPH
Authors: KHEIRABADI M. , MOGHADDAMFAR A. R.
Published: March 2012

Let G be a nonabelian group. We define the noncommuting graph ∇(G) of G as follows: its vertex set is G\Z(G), the noncentral elements of G, and two distinct vertices x and y of ∇(G) are joined by an edge if and only if x and y do not commute as elements of G, i.e. [x, y] ≠ 1. The finite group L is said to be recognizable by noncommuting graph if, for every finite group G, ∇(G) ≅ ∇ (L) implies G ≅ L. In the present article, it is shown that the noncommuting graph of a group with trivial center can determine its prime graph. From this, the following theorem is derived. If two finite groups with trivial centers have isomorphic noncommuting graphs, then their prime graphs coincide. It is also proved that the projective special unitary groups U4(4), U4(8), U4(9), U4(11), U4(13), U4(16), U4(17) and the projective special linear groups L9(2), L16(2) are recognizable by noncommuting graph.
UNBIASED QUANTUM RANDOM NUMBER GENERATION BASED ON SQUEEZED VACUUM STATE
Authors: ZHU YANYANG , HE GUANGQIANG , ZENG GUIHUA
Published: March 2012

In this paper, a new quantum random number generation scheme which is implemented by measuring quantum noise of the squeezed vacuum state is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the Shannon entropy is employed to measure randomness of the generated random numbers. In addition, some characteristics of the generated random numbers are investigated. To reach the pure quantum randomness, an extraction approach based on universal hash functions for the generated quantum random numbers is presented. Results show that the proposed scheme based on squeezed vacuum state has remarkable advantages over the one associated with the vacuum state.
DYNAMICS OF SIS EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH THE STANDARD INCIDENCE RATE AND SATURATED TREATMENT FUNCTION
Authors: WEI JINGJING , CUI JING-AN
Published: March 2012

An SIS epidemic model with the standard incidence rate and saturated treatment function is proposed. The dynamics of the system are discussed, and the effect of the capacity for treatment and the recruitment of the population are also studied. We find that the effect of the maximum recovery per unit of time and the recruitment rate of the population over some level are two factors which lead to the backward bifurcation, and in some cases, the model may undergo the saddle-node bifurcation or Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. It is shown that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable under some conditions. Numerical simulations are consistent with our obtained results in theorems, which show that improving the efficiency and capacity of treatment is important for control of disease.
Asthmatic airway smooth muscle CXCL10 production: mitogen-activated protein kinase JNK involvement
Authors: Alrashdan Yazan A. , Alkhouri Hatem , Chen Emily , Lalor Daniel J. , Poniris Maree , Henness Sheridan , Brightling Christopher E. , Burgess Janette K. , Armour Carol L. , Ammit Alaina J. , Margaret Hughes J.
Published: March 2012

CXCL10 (IP10) is involved in mast cell migration to airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundles in asthma. We aimed to investigate the role of cytokine-induced MAPK activation in CXCL10 production by ASM cells from people with and without asthma. Confluent growth-arrested ASM cells were treated with inhibitors of the MAPKs ERK, p38, and JNK and transcription factor NF-κB, or vehicle, and stimulated with IL-1β, TNF-α, or IFN-γ, alone or combined (cytomix). CXCL10 mRNA and protein, JNK, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and Iκ-Bα protein degradation were assessed using real-time PCR, ELISA, and immunoblotting, respectively. Cytomix, IL-1β, and TNF-α induced CXCL10 mRNA expression more rapidly in asthmatic than nonasthmatic ASM cells. IL-1β and/or TNF-α combined with IFN-γ synergistically increased asthmatic ASM cell CXCL10 release. Inhibitor effects were similar in asthmatic and nonasthmatic cells, but cytomix-induced release was least affected, with only JNK and NF-κB inhibitors halving it. Notably, JNK phosphorylation was markedly less in asthmatic compared with nonasthmatic cells. However, in both, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 reduced JNK phosphorylation and CXCL10 mRNA levels but did not affect CXCL10 mRNA stability or Iκ-Bα degradation. Together, the JNK and NF-κB inhibitors completely inhibited their CXCL10 release. We concluded that, in asthmatic compared with nonasthmatic ASM cells, JNK activation was reduced and CXCL10 gene expression was more rapid following cytomix stimulation. However, in both, JNK activation did not regulate early events leading to NF-κB activation. Thus JNK and NF-κB provide independent therapeutic targets for limiting CXCL10 production and mast cell migration to the ASM in asthma.
The Relationship between Reactive Oxygen Species and Cardiac Fibrosis in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat under ACEI Administration
Authors: Tanaka Ryou , Shimizu Miki
Published: March 2012

Enalapril maleate, the oldest and most widely distributed ACEI, and alacepril, the newest and antioxidant ACEI, were compared in the point of cardioprotective effect for Dahl salt-sensitive rat. In order to evaluate the correlation between the three factors, cardiac fibrosis and blood pressure/oxidative-stress marker (tissue TBARS), index of correlation was calculated. The results showed a significant difference in cardiac fibrosis between high-dose alacepril (30 mg/kg/day, group H) and enalapril maleate (10 mg/kg/day, group E). There was significant correlation between cardiac fibrosis and oxidative-stress marker, although there was no correlation between cardiac fibrosis and blood pressure. Fibrosis was more influenced by oxidative stress not by blood pressure, we should not select ACEI only by blood pressure-lowering effect and should more consider cardioprotective effects of ACEI.
Reinforcement Learning Ramp Metering without Complete Information
Authors: Wang Xing-Ju , Xi Xiao-Ming , Gao Gui-Feng
Published: March 2012

This paper develops a model of reinforcement learning ramp metering (RLRM) without complete information, which is applied to alleviate traffic congestions on ramps. RLRM consists of prediction tools depending on traffic flow simulation and optimal choice model based on reinforcement learning theories. Moreover, it is also a dynamic process with abilities of automaticity, memory and performance feedback. Numerical cases are given in this study to demonstrate RLRM such as calculating outflow rate, density, average speed, and travel time compared to no control and fixed-time control. Results indicate that the greater is the inflow, the more is the effect. In addition, the stability of RLRM is better than fixed-time control.
Assessing Anthracene and Arsenic Contamination within Buffalo River Sediments
Authors: Gawedzki Adrian , Forsythe K. Wayne
Published: March 2012

Anthracene and arsenic contamination concentrations at various depths in the Buffalo River were analyzed in this study. Anthracene is known to cause damage to human skin and arsenic has been linked to lung and liver cancer. The Buffalo River is labelled as an Area of Concern defined by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the United States. It has a long history of industrial activity located in its near vicinity that has contributed to its pollution. An ordinary kriging spatial interpolation technique was used to calculate estimates between sample locations for anthracene and arsenic at various depths. The results show that both anthracene and arsenic surface sediment (0–30 cm) is less contaminated than all subsurface depths. There is variability of pollution within the different subsurface levels (30–60 cm, 60–90 cm, 90–120 cm, 120–150 cm) and along the river course, but major clusters are identified throughout all depths for both anthracene and arsenic.
Minilaparotomy a Good Option in Specific Cases: A Case Report of Bilateral Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor
Authors: Bolla D. , Deseö N. , Sturm A. , Schöning A. , Leimgruber C.
Published: March 2012

Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) of the ovary represent 44% of ovarian neoplasmas. The surgical approach is important in young women especially for the cosmetic results. Nowadays most of the ovarian surgeries can be performed laparoscopically. An alternative between laparoscopy and laparotomy is the minilaparotomy (ML) which can be an interesting option, thanks to the small incision. We report a 39-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with acute abdominal pain. In her past history the patient had an uncomplicated delivery. During pregnancy a 6 cm bilateral MCT was diagnosed and expectant management was followed. A left-sided ovarial torsion was postulated, and laparoscopic detorsion was performed. To avoid a rupture of the left MCT, the operation was interrupted. To remove the cyst, a ML was done two weeks later. A left-sided salpingo-oophorectomy was performed due to a large cyst including the entire ovary. On the other side, the right dermoid cyst was entirely removed. The advantage of a ML is not only shorter operating time with less learning curve compared to laparoscopy but also the possibility to extract the adnexal mass from the abdominal cavity with lower risk of rupture and in addition the possibility to preserve more ovarian tissue.
Pancreaticojejuno Anastomosis after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Brief Pathophysiological Considerations for a Rational Surgical Choice
Authors: Caronna Roberto , Peparini Nadia , Cosimo Russillo Gabriele , Antonio Rogano Adolfo , Dinatale Giuseppe , Chirletti Piero
Published: March 2012

Introduction. The best pancreatic anastomosis technique after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still debated. Pancreatic fistula (PF) is the most important complication but is also related to postoperative bleedings and pancreatic remnant involution. We support pancreaticojejuno anastomosis (PJ) advantages describing our technique with brief technical considerations.Materials and Methods. 89 consecutive patients underwent PD with suprapyloric gastric resection and double loop reconstruction. Pancreaticojejunal end-to-end anastomosis was done by simple invagination with a single layer of interrupted pledget-supported Ticron stitches.Results. Pancreatic fistula occurred in seven patients (7.8%): six cases of grade A fistula resolved spontaneously, and in only one case of grade B fistula percutaneous drainage was necessary. Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in only two (2.2%) of 89 patients.Conclusion. Pancreaticojejunostomy with minor changes in anastomotic techniques can contribute to improvement of the outcome of Roux-en-Y reconstruction regarding PF and other related complications. The particular reconstruction reported seems also to preserve the pancreatic exocrine function.
Torsade de Pointes and Persistent QTc Prolongation after Intravenous Amiodarone
Authors: Kotsia Anna P. , Dimitriadis Georgios , Baltogiannis Giannis G. , Kolettis Theofilos M.
Published: March 2012

We report a case of torsade de pointes after intravenous amiodarone and concurrent hypokalemia. Despite treatment cessation and correction of electrolyte abnormalities, excessive QTc prolongation was noted, which persisted for 14 days. This prolonged course for QTc normalization may be attributed to the high rate of amiodarone loading and concurrent electrolyte disturbances coupled with possible underlying individual variability in pharmacokinetics.
Multiple Pyogenic Liver Abscesses Caused byEggerthella lentaTreated with Ertapenem: A Case Report
Authors: Elias Richard M. , Khoo Shiao Yen , Pupaibool Jakrapun , Nienaber Ju-Hsien , Cummins Nathan W.
Published: March 2012

Anaerobic gram-positive bacilli can occasionally be implicated in infections but are difficult to identify in culture by conventional biochemical methods. We report a case of liver abscesses caused byEggerthella lenta, identified via 16S rRNA sequencing in a previously healthy patient, successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and ertapenem.
Effect of GCSB-5, a Herbal Formulation, on Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats
Authors: Kim Joon-Ki , Park Sang-Won , Kang Jung-Woo , Kim Yu-Jin , Lee Sung Youl , Shin Joonshik , Lee Sangho , Lee Sun-Mee
Published: March 2012

Therapeutic effects of GCSB-5 on osteoarthritis were measured by the amount of glycosaminoglycan in rabbit articular cartilage explantsin vitro, in experimental osteoarthritis induced by intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate in ratsin vivo. GCSB-5 was orally administered for 28 days.In vitro, GCSB-5 inhibited proteoglycan degradation. GCSB-5 significantly suppressed the histological changes in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, as well as, the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase protein, and mRNA expressions were attenuated by GCSB-5, whereas the level of interleukin-10 was potentiated. By GCSB-5, the level of nuclear factor-κB p65 protein expression was significantly attenuated but, on the other hand, the level of inhibitor of κB-α protein expression was increased. These results indicate that GCSB-5 is a potential therapeutic agent for the protection of articular cartilage against progression of osteoarthritis through inhibition of MMPs activity, inflammatory mediators, and NF-κB activation.
Current Percolation in Medium with Boundaries under Quantum Hall Effect Conditions
Authors: Malakeeva M. U. , Arkhincheev V. E.
Published: March 2012

The current percolation has been considered in the medium with boundaries under quantum Hall effect conditions. It has been shown that in that case the effective Hall conductivity has a nonzero value due to percolation of the Hall current through the finite number of singular points (in our model these are corners at the phase joints).
Measured Copper Toxicity toCnesterodon decemmaculatus(Pisces: Poeciliidae) and Predicted by Biotic Ligand Model in Pilcomayo River Water: A Step for a Cross-Fish-Species Extrapolation
Authors: Casares María Victoria , de Cabo Laura I. , Seoane Rafael S. , Natale Oscar E. , Castro Ríos Milagros , Weigandt Cristian , de Iorio Alicia F.
Published: March 2012

In order to determine copper toxicity (LC50) to a local species (Cnesterodon decemmaculatus) in the South American Pilcomayo River water and evaluate a cross-fish-species extrapolation of Biotic Ligand Model, a 96 h acute copper toxicity test was performed. The dissolved copper concentrations tested were 0.05, 0.19, 0.39, 0.61, 0.73, 1.01, and 1.42 mg CuL-1. The 96 h Cu LC50 calculated was 0.655 mgL-1(0.823-0.488). 96-h Cu LC50 predicted by BLM forPimephales promelaswas 0.722 mgL-1. Analysis of the inter-seasonal variation of the main water quality parameters indicates that a higher protective effect of calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulphate, and chloride is expected during the dry season. The very high load of total suspended solids in this river might be a key factor in determining copper distribution between solid and solution phases. A cross-fish-species extrapolation of copper BLM is valid within the water quality parameters and experimental conditions of this toxicity test.
The Bearing Capacity of Circular Footings in Sand: Comparison between Model Tests and Numerical Simulations Based on a Nonlinear Mohr Failure Envelope
Authors: Krabbenhoft Sven , Clausen Johan , Damkilde Lars
Published: March 2012

This paper presents the results of a series of triaxial tests with dry sand at confining pressures varying from 1.5 kPa to 100 kPa at relative densities of 0.20, 0.59, and 0.84. The results, which are in reasonable accordance with an equation given by Bolton, show that the friction angle is strongly dependent on the stress level and on the basis of the test results, a nonlinear Mohr failure criterion has been proposed. This yield criterion has been implemented in a finite element program and an analysis of the bearing capacity of a circular shaped model foundation, diameter 100 mm, has been conducted. Comparisons have been made with results from 1g model scale tests with a foundation of similar size and a good agreement between numerical results and test results has been found.
A Bayesian Approach for Decision Making on the Identification of Genes with Different Expression Levels: An Application toEscherichia coliBacterium Data
Authors: Saraiva Erlandson F. , Louzada Francisco , Milan Luís A. , Meira Silvana , Cobre Juliana
Published: March 2012

A common interest in gene expression data analysis is to identify from a large pool of candidate genes the genes that present significant changes in expression levels between a treatment and a control biological condition. Usually, it is done using a statistic value and a cutoff value that are used to separate the genes differentially and nondifferentially expressed. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to identify genes differentially expressed calculating sequentially credibility intervals from predictive densities which are constructed using the sampled mean treatment effect from all genes in study excluding the treatment effect of genes previously identified with statistical evidence for difference. We compare our Bayesian approach with the standard ones based on the use of thet-test and modifiedt-tests via a simulation study, using small sample sizes which are common in gene expression data analysis. Results obtained report evidence that the proposed approach performs better than standard ones, especially for cases with mean differences and increases in treatment variance in relation to control variance. We also apply the methodologies to a well-known publicly available data set onEscherichia colibacterium.
Sensitivity of Selected Human Tumor Models to PF-04217903, a Novel Selective c-Met Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Zou Helen Y. , Li Qiuhua , Lee Joseph H. , Arango Maria E. , Burgess Kristina , Qiu Ming , Engstrom Lars D. , Yamazaki Shinji , Parker Max , Timofeevski Sergei , Cui Jingrong Jean , McTigue Michele , Los Gerrit , Bender Steven L. , Smeal Tod , Christensen James G.
Published: March 2012

The c-Met pathway has been implicated in a variety of human cancers for its critical role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. PF-04217903 is a novel ATP-competitive small-molecule inhibitor of c-Met kinase. PF-04217903 showed more than 1,000-fold selectivity for c-Met compared with more than 150 kinases, making it one of the most selective c-Met inhibitors described to date. PF-04217903 inhibited tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration/invasion in MET-amplified cell lines in vitro, and showed marked antitumor activity in tumor models harboring either MET gene amplification or a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met autocrine loop at well-tolerated dose levels in vivo. Antitumor efficacy of PF-04217903 was dose-dependent and showed a strong correlation with inhibition of c-Met phosphorylation, downstream signaling, and tumor cell proliferation/survival. In human xenograft models that express relatively high levels of c-Met, complete inhibition of c-Met activity by PF-04217903 only led to partial tumor growth inhibition (38%–46%) in vivo. The combination of PF-04217903 with Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown in the HT29 model that also expresses activated RON kinase–induced tumor cell apoptosis and resulted in enhanced antitumor efficacy (77%) compared with either PF-04217903 (38%) or RON shRNA alone (56%). PF-04217903 also showed potent antiangiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PF-04217903 strongly induced phospho-PDGFRβ (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) levels in U87MG xenograft tumors, indicating a possible oncogene switching mechanism in tumor cell signaling as a potential resistance mechanism that might compromise tumor responses to c-Met inhibitors. Collectively, these results show the use of highly selective inhibition of c-Met and provide insight toward targeting tumors exhibiting different mechanisms of c-Met dysregulation. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(4); 1036–47. ©2012 AACR.
Mitral Valve Prolapse With Mid-Late Systolic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Topilsky Yan , Michelena Hector , Bichara Valentina , Maalouf Joseph , Mahoney Douglas W. , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice
Published: March 2012

Background—

Mitral regurgitation (MR) of mitral valve prolapse predominates in late systole but may be holosystolic or purely mid-late systolic, but the impact of MR timing on MR left ventricular and left atrial consequences and outcome is unknown. Whether effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) by the flow convergence method is similarly linked to outcome in mid-late systolic MR and holosystolic MR is uncertain.

Methods and Results—

We comprehensively and prospectively quantified MR in 111 patients with mitral valve prolapse and mid-late systolic MR and matched them to 90 patients with mitral valve prolapse and holosystolic MR for age, gender, atrial fibrillation, ejection fraction, and ERO (flow convergence). Mid-late systolic MR versus holosystolic MR groups were well matched, including for comorbidity, blood pressure, and heart rate (all
P
>0.10). Mid-late systolic MR versus holosystolic MR caused similar color jet area, midsystolic regurgitant flow, and peak velocity (
P
>0.40). Despite identical ERO (0.25±0.15 versus 0.25±0.15 cm
2
;
P
=0.53), the shorter duration of mid-late systolic MR (233±56 versus 426±50 ms;
P
<0.0001) yielded lower regurgitant volume (24.8±13.4 versus 48.6±25.6 mL;
P
<0.0001). MR consequences, systolic pulmonary pressure, and left ventricular and left atrial volume index (all
P
<0.001) were more benign in mid-late systolic MR versus holosystolic MR. Under medical management, fewer cardiac events (5 years: 15.8±4.6% versus 40.4±6.1%;
P
<0.0001) occurred in mid-late systolic MR versus holosystolic MR, requiring less mitral surgery. Multivariable analysis confirmed the independent association of mid-late systolic MR with benign consequences and outcomes (all
P
<0.01). Absolute ERO was not linked to outcome, in contrast to regurgitant volume.

Conclusions—

MR of mitral valve prolapse that is purely mid-late systolic causes more benign consequences and outcomes than holosystolic MR. Assessment may be misleading because jet area and ERO by flow convergence appear similar to those of holosystolic MR. However, shorter MR yields lower regurgitant volume, consequences, and benign outcomes. Instantaneous ERO by flow convergence should be interpreted in context, and in mid-late systolic MR, regurgitant volume provides information more reflective of MR severity. Therefore, for clinical management and surgical referral, clinicians should carefully take into account the timing and consequences of MR.
Nightmare on Nevsky Prospekt: The Blue Bird as a Curious Instance of U.S.-Soviet Film Collaboration during the Cold War
Authors: Shaw Tony
Published: March 2012

Combining cinematic and diplomatic history, this article examines a curious relic of the détente phase of the Cold War, the fantasy-musical The Blue Bird. Released on the silver screen in 1976, The Blue Bird was the only U.S.-Soviet cinematic coproduction during the Cold War. The movie was made for a variety of commercial, artistic, and ideological reasons but failed to live up to expectations. The production was shambolic, critics were disdainful, and the film was a dud at the box office. The Blue Bird is largely forgotten nowadays, but the story of the film's production and reception sheds valuable light on the economics and politics of cross-bloc filmmaking. It also provides insight into the importance of cinema as an instrument of public diplomacy at the height of détente.
The de Gaulle Problem
Authors: Trachtenberg Marc
Published: March 2012

Four distinguished analysts of French foreign policy under Charles de Gaulle provide in-depth assessments of the new book edited by Christian Nuenlist, Anna Locher, and Garret Martin, Globalizing de Gaulle: International Perspectives on French Foreign Policies, 1958–1969, published by Lexington Books. The commentators praise the book's wide scope and many of its essays and broad themes, but they raise questions about Garret Martin's contention (shared by a few, though not all, of the other contributors to the volume) that de Gaulle had a coherent if ultimately unsuccessful strategy to overcome the Cold War and move toward the unification of Germany and Europe. In article-length commentaries, both Andrew Moravcsik and Marc Trachtenberg take issue with Martin's view, arguing that de Gaulle's foreign policy involved more bluff and bluster than any genuine attempt to bring about the reunification of Germany or to end the Cold War. Moravcsik also provides a spirited defense of the “revisionist” conception of de Gaulle's policy toward Europe, which sees the general as having been guided mostly by his domestic economic and political interests—a conception that Trachtenberg has also come to accept. The forum ends with a reply by Nuenlist, Locher, and Martin to the four commentaries.
A Method for Estimating Potential Seasonal Predictability: Analysis of Covariance
Authors: Feng Xia , DelSole Timothy , Houser Paul
Published: March 2012

This paper proposes a new method for assessing potential predictability of seasonal means using a single realization of daily time series. Potential predictability is defined as variability in seasonal means that exceeds the variability due to weather stochastic processes. The proposed method is based on analysis of covariance and accounts for autocorrelation in daily time series and uncertainties in statistical parameters. The method is applied to reanalyzed daily surface air temperature and detects significant potential predictability over the oceans and equatorial land areas. Potential predictability is weaker and varies significantly with season over extratropical land areas, with the fraction of potentially predictable variance rarely exceeding 60%. The proposed method also produces an estimate of the potentially predictable component of seasonal means, which can be used to investigate the relation between potential predictability and possible boundary forcings. The results are generally consistent with previous studies, although a more detailed study will be made in a future paper.
Using a Multiphysics Ensemble for Exploring Diversity in Cloud–Shortwave Feedback in GCMs
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Shiogama Hideo , Yokohata Tokuta , Kamae Youichi , Yoshimori Masakazu , Ogura Tomoo , Annan James D. , Hargreaves Julia C. , Emori Seita , Kimoto Masahide
Published: March 2012

This study proposes a systematic approach to investigate cloud-radiative feedbacks to climate change induced by an increase of CO2 concentrations in global climate models (GCMs). Based on two versions of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), which have opposite signs for cloud–shortwave feedback (ΔSWcld) and hence different equilibrium climate sensitivities (ECSs), hybrid models are constructed by replacing one or more parameterization schemes for cumulus convection, cloud, and turbulence between them. An ensemble of climate change simulations using a suite of eight models, called a multiphysics ensemble (MPE), is generated. The MPE provides a range of ECS as wide as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel ensemble and reveals a different magnitude and sign of ΔSWcld over the tropics, which is crucial for determining ECS.

It is found that no single process controls ΔSWcld, but that the coupling of two processes does. Namely, changing the cloud and turbulence schemes greatly alters the mean and the response of low clouds, whereas replacing the convection and cloud schemes affects low and middle clouds over the convective region. For each of the circulation regimes, ΔSWcld and cloud changes in the MPE have a nonlinear, but systematic, relationship with the mean cloud amount, which can be constrained from satellite estimates. The analysis suggests a positive feedback over the subsidence regime and a near-neutral or weak negative ΔSWcld over the convective regime in these model configurations, which, however, may not be carried into other models.
Assessment of Regional Global Climate Model Water Vapor Bias and Trends Using Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) Observations from a Network of Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) Receivers in the U.S. Great Plains and Midwest
Authors: Roman Jacola A. , Knuteson Robert O. , Ackerman Steven A. , Tobin David C. , Revercomb Henry E.
Published: March 2012

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) observations from the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR) SuomiNet networks of ground-based global positioning system (GPS) receivers and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Profiler Network (NPN) are used in the regional assessment of global climate models. Study regions in the U.S. Great Plains and Midwest highlight the differences among global climate model output from the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario in their seasonal representation of column water vapor and the vertical distribution of moisture. In particular, the Community Climate System model, version 3 (CCSM3) is shown to exhibit a dry bias of over 30% in the summertime water vapor column, while the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model E20 (GISS E20) agrees well with PWV observations. A detailed assessment of vertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, and specific humidity confirm that only GISS E20 was able to represent the summertime specific humidity profile in the atmospheric boundary layer (<3%) and thus the correct total column water vapor. All models show good agreement in the winter season for the region. Regional trends using station-elevation-corrected GPS PWV data from two complimentary networks are found to be consistent with null trends predicted in the AR4 A2 scenario model output for the period 2000–09. The time to detect (TTD) a 0.05 mm yr−1 PWV trend, as predicted in the A2 scenario for the period 2000–2100, is shown to be 25–30 yr with 95% confidence in the Oklahoma–Kansas region.
“The Mall” and “the Plant”
Authors: Gaztambide-Fernández Rubén , VanderDussen Elena , Cairns Kate
Published: March 2012

This article explores how conceptions of choice and visions of the future are constructed within the context of specialized arts programs in two Canadian public high schools. The authors consider how discourses of the arts are implicated in the way that possible futures are envisioned differently, delimiting the range of choices available to students. Their analysis shows how choices are unequally distributed and possible futures unequally constructed in ways that reinforce social class hierarchies. The discussion of the data is organized around the contrast in how three tropes—“the architect,” “the fifth year,” and “being lazy”—emerge in both school contexts in relationship to students’ futures. By illustrating how the arts operate in this process, the authors challenge the common assumption that arts programs have the inherent ability to transcend social structures in general and social class processes in particular. The authors conclude by considering the implications of their analysis for how notions of choice are understood in relationship to specialized arts programs.
Suppression Sours Sacrifice
Authors: Impett Emily A. , Kogan Aleksandr , English Tammy , John Oliver , Oveis Christopher , Gordon Amie M. , Keltner Dacher
Published: March 2012

What happens when people suppress their emotions when they sacrifice for a romantic partner? This multimethod study investigates how suppressing emotions during sacrifice shapes affective and relationship outcomes. In Part 1, dating couples came into the laboratory to discuss important romantic relationship sacrifices. Suppressing emotions was associated with emotional costs for the partner discussing his or her sacrifice. In Part 2, couples participated in a 14-day daily experience study. Within-person increases in emotional suppression during daily sacrifice were associated with decreases in emotional well-being and relationship quality as reported by both members of romantic dyads. In Part 3, suppression predicted decreases in relationship satisfaction and increases in thoughts about breaking up with a romantic partner 3 months later. In the first two parts of the study, authenticity mediated the costly effects of suppression. Implications for research on close relationships and emotion regulation are discussed.
Implications of New Marriages and Children for Coparenting in Nonresident Father Families
Authors: McGene Juliana , King Valarie
Published: March 2012

Prior research has noted that although cooperative coparenting between resident and nonresident parents is beneficial to children, this form of shared parenting is relatively uncommon. Relying on nationally representative data from two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households ( N = 628), this study examines the importance of nonresident fathers’ and resident mothers’ new marriages and new children for levels of cooperative coparenting and test whether changes in coparenting are linked to changes in parents’ marital or fertility statuses. Consistent with prior studies, the data suggest that cooperative coparenting does not occur in most nonresident father families. Results suggest that changes to the nonresident father’s family structure are of primary importance for cooperative coparenting, but that mother’s family structure is relatively unimportant.
Domain Specificity Between Peer Support and Self-Concept
Authors: Leung Kim Chau , Marsh Herbert W. , Craven Rhonda G. , Yeung Alexander S. , Abduljabbar Adel S.
Published: March 2012

Peer support interventions have mostly neglected the domain specificity of intervention effects. In two studies, the present investigation examined the domain specificity of peer support interventions targeting specific domains of self-concept. In Study 1, participants ( n = 50) who had received an academically oriented peer support intervention on verbal subject matter improved significantly in verbal self-concept—but not other areas of self-concept—as compared with a control group that had not participated in the intervention. In Study 2, participants ( n = 53) who had received a socially oriented peer support intervention that focused on interpersonal skills and communication improved significantly in same-sex relations self-concept—but not in other areas of self-concept—as compared with the control group. Hence, there is a compelling need for reconceptualizing peer support into academic and social domains in terms of domain specificity.
Exploring Bias in Math Teachers’ Perceptions of Students’ Ability by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Riegle-Crumb Catherine , Humphries Melissa
Published: March 2012

This study explores whether gender stereotypes about math ability shape high school teachers’ assessments of the students with whom they interact daily, resulting in the presence of conditional bias. It builds on theories of intersectionality by exploring teachers’ perceptions of students in different gender and racial/ethnic subgroups and advances the literature on the salience of gender across contexts by considering variation across levels of math course-taking in the academic hierarchy. Analyses of nationally representative data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS) reveal that disparities in teachers’ perceptions of ability that favored white males over minority students of both genders are explained away by student achievement in the form of test scores and grades. However, we find evidence of a consistent bias against white females, which although relatively small in magnitude, suggests that teachers hold the belief that math is just easier for white males than it is for white females. In addition, we find some evidence of variation across course level contexts with regard to bias. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for research on the construction of gender inequality.
Meta-Regression Analysis to Indirectly Compare Prophylaxis With Dalteparin or Enoxaparin in Patients at High Risk for Venous Thromboembolic Events
Authors: Dranitsaris George , Jelincic Valentina , Choe Yoonhee
Published: March 2012

Background: Dalteparin and enoxaparin are recommended as thromboprophylaxis for at least 10 days in patients undergoing abdominal surgery (AS) or hospitalized patients with acute medical illnesses. Even though both agents have proven clinical effectiveness through randomized trials, there have been no head-to-head studies. In this evaluation, indirect statistical techniques were used to compare safety and efficacy between dalteparin and enoxaparin in these 2 high-risk patient populations. Methods: A literature search was conducted from January 1980 to November 2010 for randomized trials evaluating dalteparin or enoxaparin prophylaxis following AS or in hospitalized patients. Binary outcomes for safety and efficacy were statistically pooled using fixed or random effects models in cases of significant heterogeneity. In trials where a common control was used (eg, unfractionated heparin [UH]), indirect statistical comparisons between dalteparin and enoxaparin were performed using meta-regression analysis with active drug as the primary independent variable. Results: The meta-analysis in AS patients showed that enoxaparin or dalteparin had comparable efficacy to UH in terms of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs; relative risk reduction [RR] = 0.87, P = .46). The indirect statistical comparison was unable to find significant differences between enoxaparin and dalteparin in terms of risk for VTE ( P = .84), major bleeding ( P = .38), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ([HIT]; P = .084), or death ( P = .97). In acutely ill medical patients, treatment with enoxaparin or dalteparin had a 52% VTE risk reduction compared to placebo (RR = 0.48, P < .001). The indirect comparison was also unable to find significant differences between enoxaparin and dalteparin in terms of VTEs ( P = .15), major bleeds ( P = .39), HIT ( P = .48), and death ( P = .41). Conclusions: The findings suggest comparable safety and efficacy between dalteparin and enoxaparin in AS and in acutely ill medical patients.
Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells as a Target for the Therapy of Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Fu Jinqiu , Zhang Aijun , Ju Xiuli
Published: March 2012

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease in which platelets are destroyed by special antiplatelet autoantibodies produced by B cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells involved in humoral immunity and cellular immunity and among them DCs that induce autoimmune tolerance are called tolerogenic DCs (tDCs). As a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for ITP, tDCs have received increasing attention. In this review, we describe the significant role of DCs in regulating autoimmune balances, introduce the manipulation strategies to generate tDCs, summarize recent progress on the experimental application of tDCs for ITP therapy, and finally discuss the perspectives of tolerogenic vaccination for ITP treatment in the clinic.