bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rozwój stóp dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym/ The development of children’s feet in preschool age
Authors: Wacławek Paulina , Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Truszczyńska Aleksandra
Published: July 2015

Streszczenie

Wstęp: Za najważniejszy w kształtowaniu się stopy uznaje się wiek przedszkolny i wczesny-szkolny. Celem pracy była ocena rozwoju stop u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym oraz ocena ich ukształtowania z uwzględnieniem wieku i płci. Celem dodatkowym była proba ustalenia, czy za pomocą prostych metod badawczych dostępnych fizjoterapeutom można rzetelnie wyznaczać parametry stop u dzieci.

Materiał i metody: Badania zostały przeprowadzone wśrod 95 dzieci przedszkolnych (49 dziewcząt- 51,6% oraz 46 chłopcow- 48,4%). Analizie poddano następujące dane: płeć, wiek kalendarzowy dziecka, dane antropometryczne (wysokość ciała liczona w cm i masa ciała liczona w kg). Badania dokonano metodą plankturograficzną. Analizie poddano długość i szerokość stopy, kąt koślawości palucha ALFA, kąt szpotawości palca małego BETA, kąt piętowy GAMMA, wskaźnik kątowy Clarke’a oraz wskaźnik Wejsfloga.

Wyniki: Badanie za pomocą metody plankturograficznej umożliwiło dokładną i rzetelną ocenę stop grupy badanej. Potwierdzono wysoce istotną statystycznie rożnice pomiędzy szerokością i długością stopy prawej i lewej, a wiekiem dzieci. W przypadku wskaźnika Wejsfloga odnotowano wysoce istotne statystycznie rożnice pomiędzy wynikiem pomiaru u dzieci 5 -letnich względem dzieci 3-letnich i 4-letnich. Nie stwierdzono rożnic pomiędzy budowa stop dzieci biorąc pod uwagę ich płeć.

Wnioski: 1. Budowa stop dziewczynek i chłopcow w okresie ich progresywnego rozwoju kształtuje się w sposob zbliżony do siebie. Jedynie dzieci 5-letnie wykazują wyższy poziom rozwojowy wysklepienia stop w porownaniu do pozostałych dzieci. Nie zaobserwowano istotnych rożnic pomiędzy rozwojem stop u dziewcząt i chłopcow, co świadczy o braku wyraźnie zaznaczonego dymorfizmu płciowego w kształtowaniu się wysklepienia stopy. 2. Większość dzieci miało prawidłowo zbudowane stopy, zatem zlecanie ćwiczeń korekcyjnych dla wszystkich dzieci nie znajduje swojego uzasadnienia. 3. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły wysoką wartość metody badania stop jaką jest plankturografia.
The utility of fractal analysis in clinical neuroscience
Authors: John Ann M. , Elfanagely Omar , Ayala Carlos A. , Cohen Michael , Prestigiacomo Charles J.
Published: July 2015

Physicians and scientists can use fractal analysis as a tool to objectively quantify complex patterns found in neuroscience and neurology. Fractal analysis has the potential to allow physicians to make predictions about clinical outcomes, categorize pathological states, and eventually generate diagnoses. In this review, we categorize and analyze the applications of fractal theory in neuroscience found in the literature. We discuss how fractals are applied and what evidence exists for fractal analysis in neurodegeneration, neoplasm, neurodevelopment, neurophysiology, epilepsy, neuropharmacology, and cell morphology. The goal of this review is to introduce the medical community to the utility of applying fractal theory in clinical neuroscience.
Empiricism within the limits of postmodernism alone: On the emergence of the logically real within the multi-perspectival field
Authors: Filimowicz Michael
Published: July 2015

This essay offers a semiotic account of the Logically Real as an emergent category of multi-perspectival experience. Such an approach is supported by phenomenological, developmental, and cognitive discourses, which conceptualize the emergence of object permanence through sensorimotor interactions. Within this frame, I argue that humanities needs a form of native empiricism – by which I mean a discourse of the real, articulated through monosemic practices that symbolize the literal – as a component of the revitalization being wrought by the digital humanities. I adopt Sartre’s concept of the analagon complemented with a notion of codon to explicate what I call the sign dominance of the image, which is explored in relation to the experience of the sign as an act of imagination. Forms of practiced monosemy concatenated around the experienced permanence of objects is offered as a viable humanist discursive strategy toward revivifying empirical methodologies.
Photogénie as “the Other” of the semiotics of cinema: On Yuri Lotman’s concept of “the mythological”
Authors: Hwan Kim Soo
Published: July 2015

One of the most problematic concepts in film theory, photogénie, refers to the dimension of “the Other,” which is not fully covered by the process of cultural signification, and obviously verges on a zone “beyond” the semiotics. Exactly in this site Epstein, Balazs, and Barthes ought to affirm the existence of the problematic “the Other” level of signification – an autonomous entity as a potential semiotic threat. Yuri Lotman’s view on cinema, in particular, his thought on “the mythological” essence of cinema, can provide productive insight into the question: how can the semiotics of cinema deal with this elusive and ineffable phenomenon, which is extremely difficult to manipulate? His thoughts on “the mythological” as another (asemiotic) level of semiosis, and his concepts of close-up as “proper name” can give us a chance to admit positively this essential “alterity” of cinematic signification, not just denying or transcendentalizing it as some mysterious “thing-in-itself.”
Who said it? Voices in news translation, from a semiotic perspective
Authors: Troqe Rovena , Fontanille Jacques
Published: July 2015

In Translation studies, it has long been understood that when translation is integrated into journalism, concepts such as equivalence and authorship become highly problematic. However, there is still no reference to a general method that might explain why news production impacts the very process of translation and affects the translated texts themselves. In this paper, we introduce a new semiotic approach that measures shifts in translated texts by using semiotic modalities and relates these shifts to axiologies by actants of the practice of translation. Translated texts by an Italian weekly magazine are adopted as a case study and an analysis of the textual corpora is coupled with think-aloud protocols by editors. The semiotic approach reveals that the actantial dynamics are conflictual: while the translators’ performance is compatible with the equivalence value, journalists endorse values that result in the content of the original being altered. The divergence between the axiology of the actant initiating the practice and the axiology pursued by the translators affects the way the concept of translation is generated.
To be continued: meaning-making in serialized manga as functional-multimodal narrative
Authors: Yang Xiran , Webster Jonathan
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses meaning-making in serialized adventure manga (Japanese comics) by examining its metafunctional organization. Manga, whose components cover a multimodal cline from graphics to verbals, is seen as a multimodal narrative whose features are mapped onto the different metafunctions: time – experiential, with diegetic time lapse defining the start point to construe experience; cause-effect – logical, with relative positioning of components reflecting logical relations diegetically; space – compositional, with diegetic and extradiegetic spaces contributing to the coherence and cohesion of the story. The overarching interpersonal aspect of manga makes it a medium of exchange between the author and the reader and encourages the reader to actively decode idiosyncratic meanings.
From Saussure to sociology and back to linguistics: Niklas Luhmann’s reception of signifiant/signifié and langue/parole as the basis for a model of language change
Authors: Zeige Lars Erik
Published: July 2015

The article highlights a semiotically relevant aspect of Niklas Luhmann’s Theory of Social Systems: its reception of the Saussurean dichotomiessignifiant/signifiéandlangue/parole. Luhmann’s position is weighted against theCoursas well as Saussure’s original writings, sampling their approaches to form, meaning, the sign’s two-sidedness, and the relation of linguistic structure and speech events. Ultimately, the article proposes a social ontology of linguistic abstraction in line with general semiology that explains the motility of language through communication, thereby accounting for variability and optionality. It also indicates as to how the theoretical framework can feed into a model of linguistic description.
Determination of crystal structures and tautomeric states of 2-ammoniobenzenesulfonates by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction
Authors: Bekö Sándor L. , Czech Christian , Neumann Marcus A. , Schmidt Martin U.
Published: July 2015

The crystal structures of 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-ammoniobenzenesulfonate and of the corresponding derivatives 4,5-dimethyl- and 4,5-dichloro-2-ammoniobenzenesulfonates have been determined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data. The tautomeric state of all three compounds could also be unequivocally determined from laboratory data, using careful Rietveld refinements. The tautomeric state was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The compounds are neither isostructural to each other nor to the 5-chloro-4-methyl derivate, despite the similar size of the chloro and methyl substituents. The influence of the chloro and methyl substituents on the packing and on the thermal stability is demonstrated. All crystal structures were confirmed by dispersion-corrected DFT calculations. For the 4-chloro-5-methyl and the 4,5-dichloro derivatives the DFT calculations indicated that the observed polymorph should not be the thermodynamical one. However, no other polymorphs could be found in experimental polymorph screening, even using seeding with the corresponding isostructural phases. Obviously the DFT methods need further improvements.
Perception of adult men on their preventive practices and health support networks
Authors: Arruda Guilherme Oliveira de , Barreto Mayckel Da Silva , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: July 2015

Objectives: to know the preventive practices adopted by adult men in daily life and to identify health support networks.Methods: a descriptive qualitative study, made during the months of November and December 2012, at two emergency units,along with 32 men aged between 20 and 59 years. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and subjected tocontent analysis with thematic modality. Results: men highlighted different preventive practices such as sanitizing hands,eating properly, having screening tests, avoiding psychoactive substance abuse, using personal protective equipment atwork and condoms during sex. Most of the participants had nuclear family and its members were their primary supportnetwork regarding the health-disease process. Conclusion: it is for health team members to try to leverage the adoption ofpreventive practices by adult men from the support networks they consider significant.
Factors associated to the notification of congenital syphilis: an indicator of quality of prenatal care
Authors: França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de , Batista Joana D’arc Lyra , Coura Alexsandro Silva , Oliveira Cibely Freire de , Araújo Andressa Kaline Ferreira , Sousa Francisco Stélio de
Published: July 2015

Objective: to analyze factors associated to the notification of congenital syphilis. Methods: a cross-sectional documentary,quantitative study, made through the National System of Notifiable Diseases. The study consisted of 113 notified cases. Adata collection form was used and Chi-square and Fisher tests were made. Results: women had prenatal exams (80.2%),serologic testing before six months of pregnancy (46.7%) and after (53.3%). There was an association for the variables race(p = 0.005) and serological test (p = 0.044). The treatment of the pregnant woman was inadequate (64.5%) and the partnerwas not treated (85.7%). Conclusion: it was found that the number of cases is growing, increasing the possibility of childrenwith severe sequelae. So improvements in prenatal care are still needed.
Perception of female nursing professors about their quality of life
Authors: Cruz Amanda Miranda , Almeida Natália Gondim de , Fialho Ana Virgínia de Melo , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva , Figueiredo Juliana Vieira , Oliveira Adriana Catarina de Souza
Published: July 2015

Objective: to describe the perception of female nursing professors about their quality of life. Methods: descriptiveexploratory study with a qualitative approach, performed at a public university, with 24 nursing professors, using semistructuredinterviews to obtain the data. Speeches were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by Minayo’s categorical analysis,with the categories: defining quality of life by female nursing professors and checking the existence of quality of life. Results:perceptions were related to balance in life, good conditions of life and stress reduction. It proved the existence of quality oflife for most of them, and for those who did not have it or had it partially one mentioned problems related to the environmentor to the working hours. Quality of life was related to well-being and to a sense of life satisfaction. Conclusion: qualityof life of female nursing professors both in the workplace and in their personal lives stem from several factors, involvingenvironment and interpersonal relationships.
Flipchart application for promoting maternal self-efficacy in breastfeeding
Authors: Chaves Anne Fayma Lopes , Lima Glayciane Pinheiro de , Melo Gleicia Martins de , Rocha Rebeca Silveira , Vasconcelos Hérica Cristina Alves de , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista
Published: July 2015

Objective: evaluating the effects of using a flipchart as an educational intervention in improving maternal self-efficacy inbreastfeeding. Methods: a quasi-experimental study with 41 postpartum women: Intervention Group (n = 20) and ControlGroup (n = 21) of a public hospital. The intervention consisted of implementing the flipchart “I can breastfeed my baby” inthe immediate postpartum and were contacted by telephone after 15 days. For both groups, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form was applied at baseline and after 30 days. Results: before the intervention, the intervention group was 75% withhigh self-efficacy and 71% of the mothers in the control group of had high self-efficacy. It was found that after educationalintervention, all the mothers in the intervention group showed high self-efficacy, while the percentage remained similar tobefore in the control group (76%). Conclusion: the flipchart had a positive effect on the elevation of self-efficacy in nursingmothers.
Care to the person in a terminal process in the perception of the nursing students
Authors: Silva Rudval Souza da , Oliveira Claudia Cristina Souza Gribel , Pereira Álvaro , Amaral Juliana Bezerra do
Published: July 2015

Objective: to know the experiences of the nursing students regarding the care to the person in a terminal process. Methods:a qualitative study with data collected through semi-structured interviews held with ten nursing students. Results: fromthe data analysis, two theme categories emerged: Feelings expressed facing the first contact with the patients in a terminalprocess and care to the patient in a terminal process: dichotomy between theory and practice. When experiencing the careto the person in the dying process, students have shown that the feeling of helplessness was the most striking, among otherssuch as sadness, anguish and insecurity. Conclusion: the practices of care of the nursing team disagree with the academicdiscussions, denying the discourse that the nurse should be present with the patient, regardless of his clinical condition.
Is there a role for segmental adrenal venous sampling and adrenal sparing surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism?
Authors: Satoh Fumitoshi , Morimoto Ryo , Seiji Kazumasa , Satani Nozomi , Ota Hideki , Iwakura Yoshitsugu , Ono Yoshikiyo , Kudo Masataka , Nezu Masahiro , Omata Kei , Tezuka Yuta , Kawasaki Yoshihide , Ishidoya Shigeto , Arai Yoichi , Takase Kei , Nakamura Yasuhiro , McNamara Keely , Sasano Hironobu , Ito Sadayoshi
Published: July 2015

Objective and design

Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is critical to determine the subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA). Central AVS (C-AVS) – that is, the collection of effluents from bilateral adrenal central veins (CV) – sometimes does not allow differentiation between bilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. To establish the best treatment course, we have developed segmental AVS (S-AVS); that is, we collect effluents from the tributaries of CV to determine the intra-adrenal sources of aldosterone overproduction. We then evaluated the clinical utility of this novel approach in the diagnosis and treatment of PA.

Methods

We performed C-AVS and/or S-AVS in 297 PA patients and assessed the accuracy of diagnosis based on the results of C-AVS (n=138, 46.5%) and S-AVS (n=159, 53.5%) by comparison with those of clinicopathological evaluation of resected specimens.

Results

S-AVS demonstrated both elevated and attenuated secretion of aldosterone from APA and non-tumorous segments, respectively, in patients with bilateral APA and recurrent APA. These findings were completely confirmed by detailed histopathological examination after surgery. S-AVS, but not C-AVS, also served to identify APA located distal from the CV.

Conclusions

Compared to C-AVS, S-AVS served to identify APA in some patients, and its use should expand the pool of patients eligible for adrenal sparing surgery through the identification of unaffected segments, despite the fact that S-AVS requires more expertise and time. Especially, this new technique could enormously benefit patients with bilateral or recurrent APA because of the preservation of non-tumorous glandular tissue.
Is idiopathic hirsutism (IH) really idiopathic? mRNA expressions of skin steroidogenic enzymes in women with IH
Authors: Taheri Serpil , Zararsiz Gokmen , Karaburgu Sulbiye , Borlu Murat , Ozgun Mahmut Tuncay , Karaca Zuleyha , Tanriverdi Fatih , Dundar Munis , Kelestimur Fahrettin , Unluhizarci Kursad
Published: July 2015

Objective

Hirsutism results from hyperandrogenemia and/or exaggerated androgen responsiveness. Among various causes of hirsutism, some patients do not exhibit androgen excess which is called idiopathic hirsutism (IH). The pathogenesis of IH could not so far be clearly established.

Design

To investigate the mRNA expression of aromatase enzyme and the other enzymes having functional roles in the steroidogenic pathway, in freshly obtained skin tissue from subumbilical skin and the arm of the patients with IH and healthy women.

Methods

Twenty-one women with IH and 15 healthy women were included in the study. We aimed to determine mRNA expressions of genes associated with local androgen synthesis and metabolism (CYP11A1, STS, CYP19A1, SRD5A1, SRD5A2, HSD3B1, AR, COMT, ESR1, ESR2, HSD3B2, CYP17A1, SULT2A1, SULT1E1, HSD17B2, IL6, TGFB1, TNFA) from skin biopsy and blood samples of patients with IH and the data compared with healthy subjects.

Results

Patients with IH exhibit significantly lower interleukin 6 (IL6) mRNA expression and higher steroid sulphatase (STS) and hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2), gene mRNA expression, respectively, in the subumbilical region skin biopsies. Similarly, patients with IH exhibit significantly lowerIL6mRNA expression and higherSTSandHSD17B2gene mRNA expression, respectively, in the arm skin compared to healthy women's subumbilical region.

Conclusions

In both arm and subumbilical skin biopsy of patients with IH, we observed an up-regulation ofHSD17B2andSTS, decreasedIL6mRNA expression, probably determining an increase in the local amount of active androgens, which could then be used as substrate for other androgen metabolic routes.
The Pace of Hybrid Incompatibility Evolution in House Mice
Authors: Wang Richard J , White Michael A , Payseur Bret A
Published: July 2015

Hybrids between species are often sterile or inviable. This form of reproductive isolation is thought to evolve via the accumulation of mutations that interact to reduce fitness when combined in hybrids. Mathematical formulations of this “Dobzhansky–Muller model” predict an accelerating buildup of hybrid incompatibilities with divergence time (the “snowball effect”). Although the Dobzhansky–Muller model is widely accepted, the snowball effect has only been tested in two species groups. We evaluated evidence for the snowball effect in the evolution of hybrid male sterility among subspecies of house mice, a recently diverged group that shows partial reproductive isolation. We compared the history of subspecies divergence with patterns of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected in F2 intercrosses between two pairs of subspecies (Mus musculus domesticus with M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus with M. m. castaneus). We used a recently developed phylogenetic comparative method to statistically measure the fit of these data to the snowball prediction. To apply this method, QTL were partitioned as either shared or unshared in the two crosses. A heuristic partitioning based on the overlap of QTL confidence intervals produced unambiguous support for the snowball effect. An alternative approach combining data among crosses favored the snowball effect for the autosomes, but a linear accumulation of incompatibilities for the X chromosome. Reasoning that the X chromosome analyses are complicated by low mapping resolution, we conclude that hybrid male sterility loci have snowballed in house mice. Our study illustrates the power of comparative genetic mapping for understanding mechanisms of speciation.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Intracranial Abnormalities in Unprovoked Seizures
Authors: Dayan Peter S. , Lillis Kathleen , Bennett Jonathan , Conners Gregory , Bailey Pam , Callahan James , Akman Cigdem , Feldstein Neil , Kriger Joshua , Hauser W. Allen , Kuppermann Nathan
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Prospective data are lacking to determine which children might benefit from prompt neuroimaging after unprovoked seizures. We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, relevant intracranial abnormalities in children with first, unprovoked seizures.

METHODS:

We conducted a 6-center prospective study in children aged >28 days to 18 years with seemingly unprovoked seizures. Emergency department (ED) clinicians documented clinical findings on a standardized form. Our main outcome was the presence of a clinically relevant intracranial abnormality on computed tomography (CT) or MRI, defined as those that might change management, either emergently, urgently, or nonurgently.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 475 of 625 (76%) eligible patients. Of 354 patients for whom cranial MRI or CT scans were obtained in the ED or within 4 months of the ED visit, 40 (11.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.0–14.6%) had clinically relevant intracranial abnormalities, with 3 (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.1–1.8%) having emergent/urgent abnormalities. On logistic regression analysis, a high-risk past medical history (adjusted odds ratio: 9.2; 95% CI: 2.4–35.7) and any focal aspect to the seizure (odds ratio: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2–5.3) were independently associated with clinically relevant abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinically relevant intracranial abnormalities occur in 11% of children with first, unprovoked seizures. Emergent/urgent abnormalities, however, occur in <1%, suggesting that most children do not require neuroimaging in the ED. Findings on patient history and physical examination identify patients at higher risk of relevant abnormalities.
An Adolescent Case of Citrin Deficiency With Severe Anorexia Mimicking Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Takeuchi Satsuki , Yazaki Masahide , Yamada Shinji , Fukuyama Tetsuhiro , Inui Akio , Iwasaki Yasushi , Ikeda Shu-ichi
Published: July 2015

We report a 12-year-old female citrin-deficient patient presenting with severe anorexia and body weight loss, mimicking the restricting type of anorexia nervosa (AN). She showed normal development until age 10 years when she started to play volleyball at school. She then became gradually anorexic, and her growth was stunted. At age 12, she was admitted to hospital because of severe anorexia and thinness. She was first thought to have AN, and drip infusion of glucose solution and high-calorie drinks were given, but her condition deteriorated further. She had a history of neonatal hepatitis and was therefore suspected to have citrin deficiency (CD). Genetic analysis of SLC25A13 revealed that she was compound heterozygous for 851del4 and IVS16ins3kb, and a diagnosis of CD was made. A low-carbohydrate diet with oral intake of arginine and ursodeoxycholic acid was started, and her condition gradually improved. The clinical features in our patient were similar to those of AN, and therefore AN may also be an important clinical sign in adolescent patients with CD.
On the Lyrical Presentation of History: Hegel and the Modern Poem
Authors: Allred Ammon
Published: July 2015

The article recasts the pre-history of philosophy as it is understood by G. W. F. Hegel, so as to examine what a “Lyrical Presentation of History” might have been. The essay argues that Hegel’s treatment of history at the end of his Lectures on Aesthetics suffers from an inattention to the specific philosophical content of modern lyrical poetry, which can be located in his claim that lyrical poetry is primarily concerned with the subject. In contrast, the author argues that Hegel’s account ought to have led him to hold that lyrical poetry is primarily concerned with subjective, alienated worlds, which he calls “counterworlds”. The essay ends with a brief treatment of three poems by Paul Celan to show how this shift in the meaning of lyrical poetry would have led Hegel to give greater weight to lyrical poetry in his theory of history.
A tirania da maioria: revisitando o debate
Authors: Costa Marta Nunes da
Published: July 2015

Tocqueville e John Stuart Mill são dois dos grandes mestresde ciência política e filosofia política. Com efeito, poderíamos dizer quesomos todos discípulos destes autores. Por um lado, porque Tocquevillefoi o primeiro autor a refletir sobre o paradigma democrático, entendidocomo constelação política especificamente moderna. Por outro lado, oconceito ou ideal de liberdade desempenha um papel central nos doisautores. Liberdade é um dos pilares fundadores de qualquer projetodemocrático e apesar do reconhecimento da importância igualmentevital do conceito de igualdade, que se vem afirmando como condiçãonecessária para o desenvolvimento politico na era de Tocqueville e de Mill, a liberdade permanece central nas suas preocupações. Neste artigo irei revisitar os argumentos avançados pelos autores, argumentos estes que nos alertam para os perigos da democracia, e mais precisamente, a tirania da maioria. Começarei por retratar o contexto das obras de Democracia na América de Tocqueville e Sobre a Liberdade de Mill. De seguida, ofereço uma reflexão sobre as implicações da tirania da maioria hoje. Por fim, proponho um conjunto de medidas que nos poderão ajudar a contrabalançar as tendências antidemocráticas das democracias contemporâneas.
Processo de participação coletiva na internet: uma ética para o ciberespaço
Authors: Parode Fabio Pezzi , Zapata Maximiliano , Bentz Ione
Published: July 2015

Este ensaio tem como objetivo problematizar o papel da internet como agente de difusão de informação, ferramenta produtora de conhecimento e cultura. Os processos participativos em rede, as comunidades virtuais, colocam em evidência as tensões entre um antigo modelo calcado em estruturas de poderes centralizados, e a emergência de uma ordem dispersiva e fragmentária na dinâmica social. É nesse contexto que surgem as polêmicas em torno do Marco Civil da Internet, nosso objeto de estudo. A instauração do Marco Civil, deu lugar à concepção e busca de regulação da internet como patrimônio coletivo. Nosso objetivo é analisar o Marco Civil, no quadro das politicas de promoção do acesso à internet, através de um diálogo entre comunicação, ética e filosofia, questionando seus princípios fundamentais quanto ao pluralismo e a diversidade cultural, a fim de produzir uma reflexão fundamentada sobre os eixos reguladores deste projeto de Lei.
Dr.Rodrigo Brenes Madrigal; semblanza de un investigador
Authors: Brenes Madrigal Rodrigo
Published: July 2015

80 años de vida – la mayoría de ellos de una intensa labor académica y científica – han transcurrido en la existencia del Dr. Rodrigo Ramón Brenes Madrigal.
A humorstílus és a kreativitás különböző aspektusainak összefüggései
Authors: Séra László , Boda-Ujlaky Judit , Gyebnár Viktória
Published: July 2015

A humorérzék, a humor megértési és produkciós képessége kreatív tulajdonság, jelentős egyéni különbségekkel,
ám mind ez idáig nem egyértelműen tisztázott a humorprodukció és a kreativitás viszonya.
Vizsgálatunkban 133 fő különféle önbeszámolós és viselkedéses humorprodukciós, humorhasználatra
vonatkozó, illetve kreativitástesztet töltött ki. Nemi különbségek sem a kreativitás-, sem a humortesztekben
nem mutatkoztak. Eredményeink szerint meglehetősen gyenge, de pozitív összefüggés mutatkozik a
humorprodukció és a kreativitás között, illetve a humorstílusok között, ami összességében a két folyamat
közös alapjaira, ám azok eltérő jellegére mutat rá.
A konvencionális és az újszerű metaforák megértési folyamata a serdülő és fiatal felnőtt korosztály esetében
Authors: Balázs Patrícia , Kemény Ferenc , Ivaskó Lívia
Published: July 2015

Napjainkban a kognitív és kísérleti pszichológián kívül (lásd például TURI és munkatársai, 2010; SWAAB és munkatársai, 2003) a kísérleti pragmatika is kutatási témái között tartja számon a nem szó szerinti jelentések megértésére irányuló kérdéseket (GIORA, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2012; GIBBS 2002). A különösen izgalmas témának tartott metaforák feldolgozási módjait az adatközlők életkorának és kognitív fejlettségének függvényében érdemes vizsgálni (LOUKUSA, LEINONEN és RYDER, 2007/08; SCHNELL, 2007). A serdülő, 15-18 éves korosztály nyelvhasználata és megértési folyamatai viszont jórészt kívül estek a szakirodalmi érdeklődés körén. Cikkünkben a konvencionális és az újszerű, kreatív metafora megértésének folyamatát vizsgáljuk kamasz és fiatal felnőtt korosztály esetében szó-nemszó lexikális döntési paradigma segítségével. A metaforák három típusú környezetben kerültek bemutatásra: 1. a gyakori jelentést előfeszítő szövegkörnyezetben, 2. a ritkább jelentést előfeszítő kontextusban és 3. „lebegtetett” (a gyakori és a ritka jelentést egyaránt előfeszítő) kontextusban. Célszóként a metafora konvencionális és nem konvencionális (metaforikus) jelentése, illetve álszavak mint kontroll célingerek szerepeltek. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a kamaszok kitüntetett figyelemmel fordulnak az új és ritkán hallott alakzatok felé, azokat gyorsabban értelmezik metaforikus jelentésben, mint a konvencionális metaforákat. A konvencionális formák megértése fokozatos, azaz az életkor előrehaladtával nő a megértés.
A végrehajtó funkciók zavara afáziában
Authors: Szöllősi Izabella , Lukács Ágnes , Zakariás Lilla
Published: July 2015

Háttér és célok

Újabb eredmények szerint afáziában a nyelvhasználati képesség diszfunkciójához a végrehajtó funkciók zavara is társulhat. A végrehajtó funkciók a nyelvi feldolgozórendszer működésében is szerepet játszhatnak. Kutatásunkban afáziával diagnosztizált személyeknél vizsgáltuk a munkamemória frissítését és két gátlófunkciót (a válaszalapú konfliktus és a reprezentációs konfliktus feloldását), illetve ezek összefüggését a nyelvi teljesítménnyel.

Módszer

A vizsgálatban nyolc afáziával diagnosztizált, a frontális lebeny sérülését mutató személy, illetve a hozzájuk korban, nemben és iskolázottságban illesztett egészséges kontrollszemély vett részt. A végrehajtó funkciók vizsgálatára három feladatot használtunk: a Stop Signal, a Nem-verbális Stroop- és az N-back feladatokat. A nyelvi képességeket az afázia diagnosztikájában általánosan alkalmazott teszteken kívül a TROG Nyelvtani Szerkezetek Megértése teszttel mértük.

Eredmények

Eredményeink a válaszalapú konfliktus gátlásának és a munkamemória frissítésének zavarát mutatták afáziában. Tendenciaszintű összefüggést találtunk a nyelvtani szerkezetek megértése és a munkamemória frissítése között, nem találtunk azonban öszszefüggést a megértés és a gátlási mutatók között.

Konklúzió

Afáziában a frontális lebeny sérülése esetén a nyelvi problémák mellett a végrehajtó funkciók, azon belül a válaszalapú konfliktus feloldásának és a frissítési folyamatoknak, illetve a munkamemória megtartó funkciójának sérülése is megfigyelhető. A frissítési funkciók sérülése a nyelvi feldolgozórendszer működését is érintheti.
Franz Liszt’s Mazeppa Sketch in His Sketchbook N6
Authors: Brussee Albert
Published: July 2015

The Mazeppa sketch, written on pages 20–18 of Liszt’s Sketchbook N6, was composed a considerable time before the well-known study entitled Mazeppa (1841; 1851). In the past Rudolf Kókai and Dieter Torkewitz have written a few words about this composition. However, neither Kókai nor Torkewitz understood that the sketch, after a lengthy deletion, was continued on pages 19 and 18. All in all there are around 30 bars of this work, enough to reconstruct it. The result is a quite interesting, wild ‘Galop,’ most probably composed on ‘31 Mai Ecorchebeuf,’ according to the date written at the bottom of page 18 through the notes. If this is right, it means that the Mazeppa sketch stems from 1832, for Liszt stayed from 8 May until shortly after 25 June 1832 in Normandy, in the village of Écorchebeuf. In the spring of that year Franz Liszt frequented the home of Victor Hugo (nowadays the museum Maison Victor Hugo); he met there the painter Boulanger a few times, too. Louis Boulanger (1806–1867) had, in 1827, already exhibited his splendid Le Supplice de Mazeppa in the ‘Salon du Louvre’. Hugo, who was closely befriended with Boulanger, was so impressed by this painting that he wrote shortly afterwards his poem Mazeppa, which appeared in 1829 in the collection Les Orientals. So, in 1832 Liszt had regular contact with people who were most profoundly infected by the Mazeppa virus and he will have read Hugo’s poem at that time, maybe at his holiday address in Écorchebeuf. It is quite likely that then, under the direct influence of Hugo’s poem, he tried to represent in music the hellish ride of the young Cossack on a Ukrainian horse.
„Der Himmel weiß! In welchem Geistesstall er sein nächstes Steckenpferd finden wird“ Liszts Interesse an der bildenden Kunst mit den Augen Heines gesehen
Authors: Vester Anne
Published: July 2015

In German literature Heinrich Heine is regarded as one of the founders of musical feuilleton, a genre that he developed to the highest mastery with the means of irony and satire. In his music reviews Heine discussed repeatedly many of his musical contemporaries; he met leading composers of his time like Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Meyerbeer, Berlioz, Chopin, Liszt, and Wagner personally. The fact that the relationship between Heine and Liszt (they got to know each other in 1831 in Paris) was not without problems, is a commonplace. Rainer Kleinertz describes it as ambivalent. The essay examines Heine’s musical judgements about Liszt, focussing on the question of Liszt’s interest in the fine arts. In the tenth letter from Über die Französische Bühne. Vertraute Briefe an August Lewald (1837), Heine accused Liszt of philosophical eclecticism, because he would change his beliefs like hobbyhorses. Are there contradictions and inconsistencies also in Liszt’s thinking about art and music that justified such an ambivalent attitude on the part of Heine? Finally, Liszt replied Heine in the seventh of his Lettres d’un bachelier ès musique, dated Venice, 15 April 1838.
Puszta, Husaren und Zigeunermusik — Franz Liszt und das Heimatbild von Nikolaus Lenau
Authors: Watzatka Ágnes
Published: July 2015

Foreign travellers provided important documentations about Hungary. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the image of the heroic Christian country fighting the pagan Turks took shape. This image was strengthened through the Hussars who distinguished themselves in the battles of Maria Theresia and played an important role in the war of independence in 1848–1849. The Great Hungarian Plain, a sandy steppe, appeared to the travellers as an exotic place with its sand dunes, sand storms, fata morgana, and its inhabitants: shepherds, hussars, and bandits. In the 19th century, Hungary became a beloved topic of the Western European exotic literature. Through his poetry Nikolaus Lenau brought a high contribution to the image of the exotic Hungary. Born in Hungary and a good violinist, Lenau drew a vivid image of the Gipsy musicians and their music. His poem Die drei Zigeuner (The Three Gipsies) was inspired by a painting of Ferenc Pongrácz, and did inspire another painter, Alois Schönn. Liszt purchased the copy of Schönn’s painting and composed a song on Lenau’s poem. His music proves a deep identification with Lenau’s ideas, with the romantic and yet realistic image of the Gipsies, the representatives of the Hungarian music.
Molecular Testing in Myelodysplastic Syndromes for the Practicing Oncologist: Will the Progress Fulfill the Promise?
Authors: Nazha Aziz , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Gore Steven D. , Zeidan Amer M.
Published: July 2015

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous hematopoietic neoplasms that are driven by somatically acquired genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations. Accurate risk stratification is essential for delivery of risk-adaptive therapeutic interventions. The current prognostic tools sum the impact of clinical, pathologic, and laboratory parameters. Newer technologies with next-generation targeted deep sequencing and whole-genome and -exome sequencing have identified several recurrent mutations that play a vital role in the pathophysiology of MDS and the impact of these genetic changes on disease phenotype. Equally important, well-annotated databases of MDS patients with paired clinicopathologic and genetic data have enabled better understanding of the independent prognostic impact of several molecular mutations on important clinical endpoints such as overall survival and probability of leukemic progression. Cumulative evidence suggests that genomic data can also be used clinically to aid with the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to specific therapies, and the development of novel and rationally targeted therapies. However, the optimal use of this mutational profiling remains a work in progress and currently there is no standard set of genes or techniques that are recommended for routine use in the clinic. In this review, we discuss the genomic revolution and its impact on our understanding of MDS biology and risk stratification. We also discuss the current role and the challenges of the application of genetic mutational data into daily clinical practice and how future research could help improve the prognostication precision and specific therapy selection for patients with MDS.

Implications for Practice:

Heterogeneity in clinical outcomes of MDS is partly related to interpatient variability of recurrent somatic mutations that drive disease phenotype and progression. Although clinical risk stratification tools have functioned well in prognostication for patients with MDS, their ability to predict clinical benefits of specific MDS therapies is limited. Molecular testing shows promise in aiding diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy-specific benefit prediction for MDS patients. Nonetheless, logistical issues related to assay performance standardization, validation, interpretation, and development of guidelines for how to use the results to inform clinical decisions are yet to be resolved.
Acknowledging the Limitations of Treatment: Surrendering to Reality
Authors: Duska Linda R.
Published: July 2015

The metaphor of cancer treatment as a battle can be problematic when cancer treatment fails and the end of life nears. The decision to end treatment, if it comes, is not a failure, either of the patient or the physician, but instead should be viewed as a natural segment of the journey and a desirable change in the focus of care.
Facebook Users’ Engagement and Perceived Life Satisfaction
Authors: Vigil Tammy R. , Wu H. Denis
Published: July 2015

This study extends existing research on Facebook’s impact on users’ life satisfaction. The results from two surveys of college students demonstrate a tension between Facebook use and users’ perceived contentment with their lives. Existing literature indicates students use Facebook to enhance self-esteem, yet the results from this study connect increased Facebook use to lower self-reported levels of happiness. In particular, respondents’ interactions with photos and videos increase users’ dissatisfaction. This phenomenon may be due to the impact photos have on the ways users engage in social comparisons with Facebook “friends” and the self-construals they create based on these comparisons.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ESTABILIDADE DE GELÉIAS LIGHT DE MORANGO E DE GOIABA
Authors: MOURA SÍLVIA CRISTINA SOBOTTKA ROLIM DE , PRATI PATRÍCIA , VISSOTTO FERNANDA ZARATINI , RAFACHO MARINA DOS SANTOS
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi a avaliação da estabilidade de geléias de morango e goiaba light, armazenadasem potes de vidro transparente de 240g. Para tanto, duas formulações foram elaboradas (1 demorango e 1 de goiaba) em planta piloto (tacho aberto a vapor)e caracterizadas quanto ao pH,sólidos solúveis, atividade de água e sinérese. Para acompanhamento da estabilidade as amostraspermaneceram armazenadas durante 180 dias em câmaras com temperaturas controladas de 10°C(controle) e 25°C (comercial), na ausência de luz, e a cada 30 dias foram realizadas análises sensoriaisdos atributos aparência geral, cor, aroma, textura e sabor, durante 180 dias, em intervalos de 30dias. Os resultados mais relevantes foram que as amostras armazenadas a 25ºC sofreram maiorqueda na qualidade, principalmente dos atributos aparência, cor e aroma. A vida-de-prateleiraestimada para as amostras de geléia light de morango e de goiaba foi de 5 a 7 meses.
HERBICIDAS INIBIDORES DO FOTOSSISTEMA II – PARTE I
Authors: SILVA ILCA P. DE F. E , JUNIOR JOSUÉ F. DA S. , PUTTI FERNANDO F. , LATORRE DEBORA DE O. , SCHIMIDT ANA P. , LUDWIG RAFAEL
Published: July 2015

O controle químico tem sido o mais utilizado em grandes áreas de plantio, principalmente por ser um método rápido e eficiente. Os herbicidas inibidores do fotossistema II (PSII) são fundamentais para o manejo integrado de plantas daninhas e práticas conservacionista de solo. A aplicação é realizada em pré-emergência ou pós-emergência inicial das plantas daninhas. A absorção é pelas raízes, tendo como barreira as estrias de Caspari, sendo a translocação realizada pelo xilema. O processo de absorção e translocação também são dependentes das próprias características do produto, como as propriedades lipofílicas e hidrofílicas, as quais podem ser medidas através do coeficiente de partição octanol-água (Kow). A inibição da fotossíntese acontece pela ligação dos herbicidas deste grupo ao sítio de ligação da QB, na proteína D1 do fotossistema II, o qual se localiza na membrana dos tilacóides dos cloroplastos, causando, o bloqueia do transporte de elétrons da QA para QB, interrompendo a fixação do CO2 e a produção de ATP e NAPH2.
EQUILÍBRIO E PROBLEMAS LOCOMOTORES EM FRANGOS DE CORTE
Authors: ALVES M.C.F. , ALMEIDA PAZ I.C.L. , CALDARA F.R. , NÄÄS I.A. , GARCIA R.G. , SENO L.O. , BALDO G.A.A. , AMADORI M.S.
Published: July 2015

O crescimento de uma ave depende particularmente do desenvolvimento muscular e do tecido ósseo. Atualmente em frangos de corte o crescimento muscular é extremamente elevado enquanto seu suporte esquelético ainda se encontra muito imaturo, tendo como consequências o aparecimento de afecções locomotoras entre outras. Com os avanços no melhoramento genético avícola, verifica-se que a forma de caminhar e a condição de equilíbrio foram influenciadas negativamente, causando dificuldades de locomoção nesses animais. A presente revisão apresenta as principais desordens locomotoras que acometem as aves de produção e alguns dos fatores que as influenciam, assim como o impacto que elas causam na avicultura de corte.
POTENCIAL FISIOLÓGICO DA SEMENTE E DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA NA GERMINAÇÃO E NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MILHO
Authors: VAZQUEZ G. H. , SILVA T. F. DA , ASSIS A. V. DE
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos do potencial fisiológico da semente e da disponibilidade hídrica do solo no processo germinativo e no desenvolvimento inicial do milho. O experimento foi instalado em uma casa de vegetação da UNICASTELO em Fernandópolis/SP com sementes do híbrido 8480. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6 x 4, ou seja, seis lotes com germinação de 91, 93,5, 94, 95, 97 e 97,5% e quatro níveis de umidade no solo pela irrigação (100%, 75%, 50% e 25% da capacidade de água disponível do solo), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que: o nível de irrigação de 75% da capacidade de campo proporciona as maiores porcentagens e velocidade de emergência; quanto mais elevado é o potencial fisiológico das sementes, maior é a velocidade de emergência, a altura das plântulas e o peso da matéria seca, não havendo interferência sobre a porcentagem de emergência e finalmente, quanto maior a disponibilidade hídrica do solo, maior é a altura e o peso da matéria seca das plântulas de milho.
AVALIAÇÃO DO AMBIENTE DE ALOJAMENTO DE MATERNIDADE DE SUÍNOS USANDO A VOCALIZAÇÃO DAS MATRIZES
Authors: TOLON Yamilia Barrios , BARACHO Marta dos Santos , NÄÄS Irenilza de Alencar , CALDARA Fabiana Ribeiro , GARCIA Rodrigo Garófallo , SILVA Wagner T.
Published: July 2015

A análise de sinais sonoros mostra-se como um bom indicativo para estimar bem-estar de animais. A análise da vocalização dos animais permite o acesso de forma não invasiva ao estado e à condição dos animais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições de alojamento de matrizes suínas lactantes usando o registro de sinais sonoros do ambiente onde as porcas estiveram alojadas. A análise do ambiente acústico constou da interpretação do nível de ruído e o entendimento da vocalização e sua associação com estresse. Um software foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de computar os sinais, utilizando redes neurais. Para o treinamento da rede, foram selecionadas de forma aleatória, duas reprodutoras em baias individuais e uma reprodutora em baia coletiva com um microfone conectado a um computador e foram calculadas as formas de ondas dos sons emitidos pela porca durante a amamentação e o espectro de frequência. Através dos resultados não foi possível afirmar que a instalação provocou mudanças nas frequências das vocalizações dos animais, mas foi observada uma ligeira tendência de maiores picos de frequência na instalação individual, o que indica estado de estresse.
HERBICIDAS INIBIDORES DA GLUTAMINA SINTETASE
Authors: LATORRE Debora DE O. , SILVA Ilca P. DE F. E , JUNIOR Josué F. DA S. , PUTTI Fernando F. , SCHIMIDT Ana P. , LUDWIG Rafael
Published: July 2015

O amônio glufosinate é um herbicida aplicado em pós-emergência, não seletivo, de baixa translocação e amplo espectro de controle de plantas daninhas. É o único herbicida comercializado no Brasil pertencente aos inibidores da glutamina sintetase (GS). A GS é a enzima responsável por catalisar a formação de glutamina, incorporando uma molécula de amônio no aminoácido glutamato e, sua inibição promove acúmulo de amônia a níveis tóxicos para as plantas. As plantas Liberty Link® são constituídas por um gene que codifica a produção da enzima fosfinotricina acetil transferase (PAT), responsável pela acetilação do amônio glufosinate, inativando-o na planta. Nesta revisão, serão abordados aspectos relacionados ao comportamento no solo, absorção e translocação, sintomas do herbicida amônio glufosinate, assim como a tecnologia Liberty Link® e casos de resistência.