bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Autonomous Navigation System Using 3D Map with Geometric and Semantic Information
Authors: Aotani Yoshihiro ,   Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan, Ienaga Takashi , Machinaka Noriaki , Sadakuni Yudai , Yamazaki Ryota , Hosoda Yuki , Sawahashi Ryota , Kuroda Yoji
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an autonomous navigation system. Our system is based on an accurate 3D map, which includes “geometric information” (e.g., curb, wall, street tree) and “semantic information” (e.g., sidewalk, roadway, crosswalk) extracted by environmental recognition. By using the semantic map, we can obtain the suitable area to keep away from undesired places. Furthermore, by comparing the map with real-time 3D geometric information from LIDAR, we obtain the robot position. To show the effectiveness of our system, we conduct a 3D semantic map construction experiment and driving test. The experiment results show that the proposed system enables accurate and highly reproducible localization and stable autonomous mobility.
Autonomous Mobile Robot Searching for Persons with Specific Clothing on Urban Walkway
Authors: Mitsudome Ryohsuke ,   University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Date Hisashi , Suzuki Azumi , Tsubouchi Takashi , Ohya Akihisa
Published: August 2017

In order for a robot to provide service in a real world environment, it has to navigate safely and recognize the surroundings. We have participated in Tsukuba Challenge to develop a robot with robust navigation and accurate object recognition capabilities. To achieve navigation, we have introduced the ROS packages, and the robot was able to navigate without major collisions throughout the challenge. For object recognition, we used both a laser scanner and camera to recognize a person in specific clothing, in real time and with high accuracy. In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of recognition and discuss how it can be improved.
Open Source Integrated Planner for Autonomous Navigation in Highly Dynamic Environments
Authors: Darweesh Hatem , Takeuchi Eijiro , Takeda Kazuya , Ninomiya Yoshiki , Sujiwo Adi , Morales Luis Yoichi , Akai Naoki , Tomizawa Tetsuo , Kato Shinpei ,   Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan,   National Defense Academy of Japan 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan,   The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
Published: August 2017

Planning is one of the cornerstones of autonomous robot navigation. In this paper we introduce an open source planner called “OpenPlanner” for mobile robot navigation, composed of a global path planner, a behavior state generator and a local planner. OpenPlanner requires a map and a goal position to compute a global path and execute it while avoiding obstacles. It can also trigger behaviors, such as stopping at traffic lights. The global planner generates smooth, global paths to be used as a reference, after considering traffic costs annotated in the map. The local planner generates smooth, obstacle-free local trajectories which are used by a trajectory tracker to achieve low level control. The behavior state generator handles situations such as path tracking, object following, obstacle avoidance, emergency stopping, stopping at stop signs and traffic light negotiation. OpenPlanner is evaluated in simulation and field experimentation using a non-holonomic Ackerman steering-based mobile robot. Results from simulation and field experimentation indicate that OpenPlanner can generate global and local paths dynamically, navigate smoothly through a highly dynamic environments and operate reliably in real time. OpenPlanner has been implemented in the Autoware open source autonomous driving framework’s Robot Operating System (ROS).
Robust and Accurate Monocular Vision-Based Localization in Outdoor Environments of Real-World Robot Challenge
Authors: Sujiwo Adi , Takeuchi Eijiro , Morales Luis Yoichi , Akai Naoki , Darweesh Hatem , Ninomiya Yoshiki , Edahiro Masato ,   Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan,   Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
Published: August 2017

This paper describes our approach to perform robust monocular camera metric localization in the dynamic environments of Tsukuba Challenge 2016. We address two issues related to vision-based navigation. First, we improved the coverage by building a custom vocabulary out of the scene and improving upon place recognition routine which is key for global localization. Second, we established possibility of lifelong localization by using previous year’s map. Experimental results show that localization coverage was higher than 90% for six different data sets taken in different years, while localization average errors were under 0.2 m. Finally, the average of coverage for data sets tested with maps taken in different years was of 75%.
Mobile Robot Navigation Utilizing the WEB Based Aerial Images Without Prior Teaching Run
Authors: Muramatsu Satoshi , Tomizawa Tetsuo , Kudoh Shunsuke , Suehiro Takashi ,   Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan,   National Defense Academy of Japan 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan,   The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Choufugaoka, Choufu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
Published: August 2017

In order to realize the work of goods conveyance etc. by robot, localization of robot position is fundamental technology component. Map matching methods is one of the localization technique. In map matching method, usually, to create the map data for localization, we have to operate the robot and measure the environment (teaching run). This operation requires a lot of time and work. In recent years, due to improved Internet services, aerial image data is easily obtained from Google Maps etc. Therefore, we utilize the aerial images as a map data to for mobile robots localization and navigation without teaching run. In this paper, we proposed the robot localization and navigation technique using aerial images. We verified the proposed technique by the localization and autonomous running experiment.
Examination of a Guidance Robot for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Tobita Kazuteru ,   NSK Ltd. 1-5-50 Kugenuma-shinmei, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8501, Japan, Sagayama Katsuyuki , Ogawa Hironori
Published: August 2017

We are developing the robot in order to guide visually impaired persons in large hospitals. This paper describes the structure of the robot and the results of a demonstration examination in Kanagawa Rehabilitation Hospital, Japan. The robot navigates to the destination while steering, depending on the force with which the user pushes on the robot. The success rate for reaching a destination with the robot was higher than with a white cane in the testing at Kanagawa Rehabilitation Hospital. We evaluated the traveling time and the participant questionnaire as an endpoint by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Though there is no advantage in traveling time between use of the white cane and the robot, according to the scores of the participants questionnaire, it was shown that traveling with the robot was better than traveling with the white cane for the participants.
Cooking Behavior Recognition Using Egocentric Vision for Cooking Navigation
Authors: Ooi Sho , Ikegaya Tsuyoshi , Sano Mutsuo ,   Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology 1-7-9 Kitayama, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 583-0008, Japan,   Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology 1-7-9 Kitayama, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 583-0008, Japan
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a cooking behavior recognition method for achievement of a cooking navigation system. A cooking navigation system is a system that recognizes the progress of a user in cooking, and accordingly presents an appropriate recipe, thus supporting the activity. In other words, an appropriate recognition of cooking behaviors is required. Among the various cooking behavior recognition methods, such as the use of context with the object being focused on and use of information in the line of sight, we have so far attempted cooking behavior recognition using a method that focuses on the motion of arms. Using the cooking behavior rate obtained from the motion of arms and cooking utensils, this study achieves recognition of the cooking behavior. The average recognition rate was 63% when calculated by the conventional method of focusing on arm motions. It has been improved by approximately 20% by adding the proposed cooking utensil information and optimizing the parameters. An average recognition rate of 84% was achieved with respect to the five types of basic behaviors of “cut,” “peel,” “stir,” “add,” and “beat,” indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Control Method for Helicopters Tethered to Ground Station with Compensation for Disturbance Caused by Cable Tension
Authors: Imadu Atsushi ,   Department of Mechanical and Physical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Sakai Takanori , Kawai Tadao
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes cable tension compensation control method for helicopters cabled to a ground station. This method can be applied to human-operated systems and reduces the required control skill. The cable tension vector is measured by a force sensor and an angle sensor mounted to the helicopter. Thrust and helicopter attitude to balance with resultant force of tension and gravity are calculated and automatically added to attitude controller input calculated by using PID control. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Study on the Influence of Temperature of Extruder Head on the Strength of the FDM 3D Printing Model
Authors: Endo Hiroki ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan, Umeno Takashi
Published: August 2017

This paper reported the tensile strength of the difference of modeling condition on the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printer. The FDM 3D printer is rapidly spread with the end of patent protection in 2009. The FDM models mainly use the prototyping part and art, because that models have low strength. This time we paid attention to that actual models weight is lighter than designing models weight to conduct study on strength. And we investigated the cause of the phenomenon of decrease of polymer extrusion by replacing with the injection molding method. The tensile test proved that the strength of model can be improved by the kind of extruder head. This paper reported influence of the cooling in the supply part of extruder head and temperature of the polymer on the strength of FDM 3D models.
Sustentabilidade na indústria do petróleo - uma análise financeira comparativa de empresas integradas e verticalizadas
Authors: La Macchia Evandro , Hall James , Wasserman Julio Cesar , Zotes Luis Perez
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo, um estudo de caso, analisa a sustentabilidade financeira da principal empresa brasileira de petróleo em relação a um grupo de outras cinco organizações internacionais, todas integradas verticalmente. As empresas objetos do estudo foram Petrobras, ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, Chevron e Total. Para tanto, foi realizada uma criteriosa análise financeira a partir de observações realizadas em relatórios anuais publicados, especialmente na SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission. Levantou-se os indicadores de: i) desempenho operacional, ii) liquidez, iii) estrutura de capital e iv) rentabilidade. Embora a amostra seja de empresas congêneres, verifica-se que os níveis de desempenho e consequente sustentabilidade econômica e financeira se diferem entre elas. A teoria da organização moderna se funda em três pilares: teoria das finanças corporativas, teoria da governança corporativa e a teoria do desenho organizacional. Este artigo trata de finanças e governança. Constatou-se que a Petrobras teve, no período analisado, desempenho financeiro aquém do referido grupo. Decisões equivocadas referentes ao modelo regulatório, ao portfólio de projetos, aos planos de negócios, à estrutura de capital e aos preços de derivados praticados foram determinantes no seu resultado.
Review into experimental parameters of anti-oxidant potential
Authors: Singh Rishan
Published: August 2017

Anti-oxidant potential is a scientific term used for a type of biological activity. It is important in order to understanding ways which plant and animal cells interact with the environment. However anti-oxidant potential measurements are influenced by three constituents in cells. It is the physical constraints on compounds that profoundly affect anti-oxidant potential, yet, the biological constraints affect physical and chemical constraints. To tailor design new drugs, potential gradients need to be known so that efficiency in drug commercialisation is achieved. This paper provides insight into anti-oxidant potentials in plant and eukaryote (animal/human) cells.
Cell water content and lignification in maize regulated by rhizobacteria under salinity
Authors: Jha Yachana
Published: August 2017

Inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium in maize plant under salinity stress was analyzed for its growth promotion efficacy and induction of physiological mechanism. In this study effect of these isolates were focused on the cellular level as with lignin deposition, cell wall lignin content and cell water status of maize under salinity. Maize plants get protected from the salinity induced injury by enhancing the plant growth, regulating relative water content, enhancing phenols, flavonoids as well as lignification of cell and antioxidant enzymes also. The study states that, PGPR helps in maize plant under salinity to increase the cell membrane stability, plays a significant action in the directive of cell permeability for the survival of plants. Nevertheless, the cell wall bounded peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity reduced with gradual increase soil in non-inoculated plants. So plants inoculated with selected root-associated bacteria has a positive response on cell content and water status in maize under salinity.
Antibacterial activities of clove Syzygium aromaticum and turmeric Curcuma longa essential oil on some pathogen bacteria implicated in periodontal diseases
Authors: Obuotor T. M. , Anibaba W. O. , Sarumi O. A. , Adeniyi O. P.
Published: August 2017

The antibacterial activities of the clove essential oil (C), turmeric essential oil (T) as well as clove and turmeric (CT) essential oil were analysed against some bacterial pathogens implicated in periodontal diseases using agar well diffusion. The bacteria include Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas flourescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter sp., Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. At 15% concentration of the essential oils, both clove essential oil and the essential oil of clove and turmeric (CT) exhibited pronounced and varying degrees of growth inhibition zones against the bacteria (8.3+/-0.33-22.6+/-1.53 and 7.3+/-0.33-22.3+/-1.45). The MIC value for clove essential oil, tumeric essential oil and clove and turmeric (CT) essential oils ranges from 0.9-7.5%, respectively. The result shows that in general, clove essential oil has significantly greater zone of inhibition (mean) than tumeric essential oil. The bactericidal rate of clove essential oil against Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacillus subtilis was also determined. From our study, we can conclude that clove essential oil has more prevailing and sustainable antibacterial properties than turmeric essential oil even at a considerable low percentage. We recommend that clove essential oil not only has very promising potential for a broad-spectrum antibiotic drug against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. In addition, it can be used as an effective source of natural herbal antibiotics.
Anticarcinogenic potential of ethanol extract of Indigofera cordifolia Roth. (Fabales: Fabaceae) on diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
Authors: Kumar Raju Senthil , Murugananthan Gopal , Rajkapoor Balasubramanian
Published: August 2017

Indigofera cordifolia Roth. (Fabales: Fabaceae) has been widely used in Indian system of medicine to treat various disorders. Earlier studies showed that I. cordifolia (EIC) possess antioxidant, free radical scavenging and antitumour activities. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of EIC against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of DEN (200 mg/kg) and the carcinogenic effect was promoted by phenobarbital given through drinking water for 16 successive weeks. EIC at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day were administered orally for the entire study period. After the end of experimental period, changes in body weight, the weight of liver, relative liver weight, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant, serum hepatic parameters, tumour markers, DNA, RNA and protein content were analysed. Treatment with EIC significantly increased the body weight (P < 0.01-0.001), reduced the liver weight and relative liver weight (P < 0.01-0.001), restored the altered serum hepatic parameters (P < 0.001), down-regulated the serum tumour markers such as alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen (P < 0.001) when compared to DEN group. EIC treatment restored the antioxidant enzymes and significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation in DEN-treated animals (P < 0.001). EIC treatment also significantly reduced the elevated levels of nucleic acid levels and restored the protein content in liver tissues (P < 0.001). We investigated the anticarcinogenic potential of EIC against DEN-induced HCC in rats. Chemoprotective effect of the extract might be related with antioxidant, free radical scavenging and reduction of lipid peroxidation. The results suggested that EIC would be a potent anticarcinogenic agent inhibiting DEN-induced hepatic carcinoma.
Antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic properties of Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae) tuber’s aqueous extracts in the rats
Authors: Aissatou Doubla Sali , Metsagang Josiane Thérèse Ngatchic , Sokeng Celestin Dongmo , Njintang Nicolas Yanou
Published: August 2017

Tubers of Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae) play an important role in food substitution during the periods of food shortage in occidental and central Africa. It is also used in traditional medicine for the treatment of the diarrhea, dysentery, stomach evil, viral hepatitis and the infection of guinea worn. This study attempted to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic properties of aqueous extracts of the tubers of T. leontopetaloides in rats. For this experimentation, two tests were done: antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic tests. Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats with High Fat Diet containing 300 g of egg yolk, 2 g of cholesterol, 250 g of coconut oil and 50 g of soya oil. The group of rats on which the antihyperlipidemic test was done was fed with High Fat Diet and supplemented with T. leontopetaloides aqueous extract at 27.34 mg/kg, and 54.68 mg/kg; after 21 days of experimentation, the different groups of rats were sacrificed. The lipid profile and some biochemical parameters were evaluated. Organs like kidneys, liver and stomach were taken for histopathological evaluation. For the hypolipidemic test, after three weeks of induction of hyperlipidemia, the diet was changed to normal diet and aqueous extract of tubers was given to rats during 21 days at doses of 3.41 mg/kg and 13.67 mg/kg. The animals were sacrificed after 21 days of experimentation. The lipid profile, some biochemical parameters and histopathology of organs were evaluated. The antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic tests of aqueous extract of the tubers of T. leontopetaloides induced reduction in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and an increase in HDL-cholesterol significantly (p < 0.05); decreasing activities of ALAT and ASAT enzymes, levels of creatinin remained no changed. Histopathological study revealed that extracts did not repair the destructions of liver cells and glomerules of kidneys caused by High Fat Diet. Aqueous extract of tubers of T. leontopetaloides exhibits antihyperlipidemic and hypolipidemic activities; hence it could be important in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Taxonomy and biodiversity of the genus Oscillatoria Vauch. ex Gom. (Cyanoprokaryota: Oscillatoriales) with ecological notes from Hooghly in West Bengal, India
Authors: Halder Nilu
Published: August 2017

Research articles in the reference list regarding investigation or exploration of Oscillatoriales exhibited that taxonomic study of freshwater blue-green algae has been a subject of interest of research workers and professional scientists for more than one century in India. Oscillatoria Vauch. ex Gom. (Cyanoprokaryota: Oscillatoriales) is a dominant and ubiquitous blue-green alga in Hooghly District of West Bengal, India. Its thallus is consists of unsheathed trichome and contains more than 20 cells in a trichome. The recent study was dealt with the taxonomic enumeration of five species of the genus (O. princeps, O. curviceps, O. sancta, O. limosa, and O. jenensis) which were collected from different freshwater aquatic ecosystems of this district and they were described with ecological data, geographical distributions and colored microphotographs. Here, the relationships between the water chemistry and their occurrences had been also discussed. The analysis of important physico-chemical properties of water revealed that species of Oscillatoria prefer to grow in those water bodies prevailing alkaline pH, sufficient to meet the essential nutrients and contain hard and polluted water.
Hydrothermal treatments for overcoming dormancy in seeds of Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)
Authors: Gomes Azenate Campos , Lacerda Alecksandra Vieira de , Bruno Riselane Lucena de Alcântara , Alves Edna Ursulino , Dornelas Carina Seixas Maia , Lopes Iracy Amelia Pereira , Lopes Adriano Salviano , Barbosa Francisca Maria
Published: August 2017

The efficiency in the production of seedlings is decisive for the final result of their applicability. Therefore, strategies to ensure a rapid and uniform emergence are necessary, especially when it is associated with sustainable methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different water temperatures as overcoming seed dormancy in Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth., simply and economically, in the Brazilian Semiarid Region. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, each one consisting of 50 seeds, which were subjected to six treatments: intact seeds (T1/control) and seeds immersed in water at 55, 65, 75, 85, and 95 °C (T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively). Sowing was performed in trays under environmental conditions and evaluations were performed daily for 28 days. The emergence percentage, emergence speed index (ESI), and length and dry mass of seedlings were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey test (p < 0.05). M. ophthalmocentra has tegumentary dormancy, and its emergence was influenced by water temperature. Immersion of seeds in water at 75 ºC for 1 min provided the best result with 60% of emergence, ESI of 2.68, and seedlings with longer lengths and higher dry mass.
Phytophthora root rot of potato and its management in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Nisa Taskeen-un- , Wani Abdul Hamid , Parveen Shazia , Bhat Mohd Yaqub
Published: August 2017

Potato is an important crop and is grown allover the world. It is a promising food to millions of people especially in developing countries after rice, wheat and corn. Potato tubers are attacked by fungal diseases such as dry rots mostly in storage and soft rots at every stage and cause substantial loss. The present study was therefore carried out to study the incidence of fungal rot of potato in storage. It was revealed from the study that potato tubers in storage are attacked by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary causing Phytophthora root rot. A study was also carried out for the management of fungal rot of potato with some systemic and non-systemic fungicides. Amongst all the fungicides used carbendazim proved highly effective in reducing the colony diameter and rot severity of Phytophthora infestans followed by hexaconozole, bitertanol, myclobutanil, mancozeb, captan and zineb respectively. Higher concentrations of the fungicide proved effective than lower concentrations.
Ethnoknowledge of uçá-crab collectors, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea: Decapoda), in the Várzea do Una Mangroves (São José da Coroa Grande, Pernambuco, Brazil)
Authors: Santos André dos , Lima Victor Hugo Moreira de , Silva Wedlla Thaís Barbosa da , Silva Emanuelle Angélica , Lima Manoel Lucas Bezerra de
Published: August 2017

The catch of crab within the estuarine complexes is the main economic source of riparian communities throughout Northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the ethnoknowledge of uçá-crab collectors in the District of Várzea do Una, in the Municipality of São José da Coroa Grande (Pernambuco State, Brazil), as well as to infer on their perception regarding the activity of catching the uçá-crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea: Decapoda), and regarding the mangrove. For the evaluation of ethnobiological and socio-economic issues relating to the crab collectors, a structured questionnaire was applied. Regarding the socio-economic profile of the collectors, they are professionals with a poor quality of life, with no prospect of progression, living in permanent preservation areas, and extracting from them the resources to survive. It was demonstrated that the studied community of uçá-crab collectors strongly interacts with the mangrove, and the empirical knowledge, in several situations, perfectly correlated with the data available in the scientific literature. Thus, it becomes evident that the knowledge of the crab collectors can contribute to scientific studies and should be considered in the development of actions aiming at the local management and preservation of this fishery resources.
Comparative morphometric characters of gladiator swimming crab Callinectes pallidus (Rochebrune, 1883) (Crustacea: Decapoda) from two coastal areas in Lagos Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Mekuleyi Gabriel Olarinde , Lawson Emmanuel Olugbenga , Fakoya Kafayat Adetoun
Published: August 2017

The present study compared the morphometric characters of Callinectes pallidus (Rochebrune, 1883) (Crustacea: Decapoda) collected from two coastal areas in Lagos, Nigeria, as a measure of investigating the degree of susceptibility of the species to environmental stress. Thirteen different morphometric characters (distances) which included eye cavity length (ECL), inter-orbital distance (IOD), medial peduncle width (MPW), carapace total length (CTL), carapace total width (CTW), carapace final width (CFW), width of the joining between the propodus and the movable chela thigh (PCT), chela dactylus length (CDL), first movable chela width (FMW), 2nd, 3rd and 4th pereiopod merus width (PMW), merus length (ML), abdomen total length (ATL) and abdomen first suture width (AFW) were measured with precision calliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Differences in mean morphometric distance were tested with T-test and Z-test while the standardized values were examined with fisher's linear discriminant function. 12 morphometric characters except MPW showed a significance different (p < 0.05) for male crabs between the sites while FMW only indicated no sites differences (p > 0.05) in female crabs examined. All the statistical tools employed clearly shown a great distinction in the growth of the crabs across the two sites. Therefore, this preliminary study concluded that C. pallidus from site 2 (Agbara) are more susceptible to environmental stress. However, further research is required to identify these environmental stressors.
Impact of methoprene on oogenesis of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae)
Authors: Padmanabhan Latha Nadkandi , Raghavan Sudha Devi Arath , Ayanath Aswani
Published: August 2017

The current study investigated the impact of methoprene during different phases of oogenesis in the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae), a non-target organism abundant in the wetlands of Wayanad, Kerala, India. Sublethal doses of methoprene impaired ovarian growth as evidenced by reduction in gonadosomatic values, fall in mean oocyte diameter and histopathological changes in all the phases of oogenesis. A significant drop in the proportion of mature oocytes in the experimental crabs were noticed, i.e. methoprene treatment delayed the growth of avitellogenic oocytes to previtellogenic and previtellogenic to early, middle or late vitellogenic stages. Reduction in proliferation of oogonia in the germinal zone and ruptured oolemma in chromatin nucleolus and perinuclear stage oocytes was persistent. Histopathological changes in the primary vitellogenic oocytes include karyoplasmic clumping, perinuclear space atresia, shrinkage and vacuolation of ooplasm, reduction in size of yolk globules and vacuolated globules and degeneration of follicle epithelium. Methoprene negatively affected yolk platelet formation as evidenced by the irregularly fused and distorted yolk platelets of late vitellogenic oocytes. The observed cellular deformities possibly suggest the direct effects of methoprene on the oocytes through general metabolism and growth or through hormones controlling ovarian growth.
Intensity of urinary schistosomiasis on gender-aged group of primary schools children in Sokoto South and Kware Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Dalhat Mudassiru , Jibia Abdulhadi Bawa , Mohammed Dahiru , Abdullahi Samaila
Published: August 2017

Study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in three selected primary schools around Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 375 samples of urine examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni using standard filtration technique. The prevalence and parasite load of S. haematobium were 60.80% and 43.85/10 mL of urine. The prevalence varied among schools, age of children, gender and water contact. The highest prevalence of 75.20% was recorded in Basansan Model Primary School. Age group 9-12 years had the highest (71.42%) prevalence of infection. Males with the prevalence of 79.57% were more infected than females with prevalence of 29.28%. Based on occupation and water contact activities, the result showed that children of farmers had the highest prevalence of 71.50% and 84.87%, children whose source of drinking water is from Dam, had the highest prevalence of 75.24%. The study area is endemic for urinary schistosomiasis with high significant variation (P < 0.01) between the prevalence of the infections in almost all the primary schools. Health Education Campaign, treatment of infected individuals, provision of safe water for domestic uses and control of snails’ vector should be encouraged.
Sustainable use of an extractivist reserve: a spatial-temporal analysis of environmental dynamics
Authors: Silva Joélia Natália Bezerra da , Albuquerque Janaína Vital de , Rodrigues Luana de Oliveira
Published: August 2017

Due to its large territory, Brazil has different climatic regions, which determines biome variations and equally diverse ecosystems, of this variety of vegetal landscapes, accompanies the diversity of climates. In this context, results of studies carried out locally, which guide measures, decision-making laws and regulations that reach large scales in the territory, need to be carefully planned, because there is a high risk of disregarding environmental specificities of the studied areas. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the environmental dynamics resulting from the impacts of the last decades that have affected the habitat of the guaiamum (Cardisoma guanhumi) in the Acaú-Goiana Extractivist Reserve (RESEX) and surrounding areas. The analysis of the spatial-temporal dynamics, in the RESEX and adjacent areas, was made from the vegetation indices (SAVI) through remote sensing. In this way, three images of the RESEX were analyzed, two from the year 2010 and one from 2015, in which the RESEX was already in full legal operation. It is noticeable that there are some areas within the Conservation Unit with small plots of exposed soil, which can demonstrate the occurrence of fires.
Mass spectrometry-based analysis of glycoproteins and its clinical applications in cancer biomarker discovery
Authors: Shammala Farid Abu
Published: August 2017

Most proteins are glycosylated, glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins and plays essential roles in various biological processes. Aberration in the glycan moieties of glycoproteins is associated with many diseases. It is especially critical to develop the rapid and sensitive methods for analysis of aberrant glycoproteins associated with diseases. With recent advances in proteomics, analytical and computational technologies, glycoproteomics, the global analysis of glycoproteins, is rapidly emerging as a subfield of proteomics with high biological and clinical relevance. Glycoproteomics integrates glycoprotein enrichment and proteomics technologies to support the systematic identification and quantification of glycoproteins in a complex sample. It is especially critical to develop the rapid and sensitive methods for analysis of aberrant glycoproteins associated with diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful tool for mapping glycoprotein glycosylation and detailed glycan structural determination. Especially, tandem mass spectrometry can provide highly informative fragments for structural identification of glycoproteins. This review provides an overview of the development of MS technologies and their applications in identification of abnormal glycoproteins and glycans in human serum to screen cancer biomarkers in recent years.
BTL SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATERI CAHAYA
Authors: Rochim Abdul
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar fisika materi cahaya melalui model pembelajaran Better Teaching and Learning (BTL) bagi peserta didik kelas VIII G SMP 1 Kudus Tahun Pelaja- ran 2011/2012Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil subyek peserta didik ke- las VIII G SMP 1 Kudus sejumlah 26 anak terdiri dari 14 anak laki-laki dan 12 anak perempuan, dimana peneliti sebagai guru IPA (fisika) pada kelas tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 5 bulan dari bulan Maret 2012 sampai bulan Juni 2012.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini  adalah penelitian tin- dakan kelas yang terdiri dari 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu perencanan (planning), pelaksanaan (acting), pengamatan (observing) dan refleksi (reflecting). Pada siklus 1 tindakan yang dilaku- kan dengan model pembelajaran BTL dengan menitikberatkan lembar ker- ja terbimbing sedangkan pada siklus 2 tindakan yang dilakukan dengan model pembelajaran BTL dengan menitikberatkan lembar kerja terbuka dan pemanfaatan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar.Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa secara teoritik dan empirik me- lalui model pembelajaran BTL dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil be- lajar fisika materi cahaya bagi peserta didik kelas VIII G SMP 1 Kudus pada semester 2 tahun 2011/2012. Peningkatan aktivitas belajar fisika sebesar 49% dari kondisi awal 64 menjadi 94. Sedangkan Peningkatan hasil belajar fisika sebesar 22 % dari kondisi awal 72 menjadi 88.
An urban pluvial flood simulation model based on diffusive wave approximation of shallow water equations
Authors: Su Boni , Huang Hong , Zhu Wei
Published: August 2017

Urban floods caused by sudden heavy rainstorms are becoming more frequent and causing serious problems in many cities. Developing methods to simulate urban rainstorm floods is helpful in disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, we establish an urban pluvial flood simulation model based on diffusion wave approximation of shallow-water equations. The model takes full account of the characteristics in urban pluvial floods, and includes many improvements in simulation details. These details include building a consideration method, a rainfall consideration method, and so on. A new calculation method of water surface gradient is established, which is suitable for complex topology in urban pluvial flood simulation and can reduce unnecessary simulation error introduced by calculation methods. The accuracy and stability of the model are verified through simple cases with analytical solution and experiments with measured data. The results show that the new model is more accurate than common diffusion wave approximation models. A new treatment to avoid ‘checkerboard oscillation’ is established. In comparison with existing methods, the new method proved to be the best. A proof of concept shows that the new model can deal with complex situations and is helpful for urban drainage system planning.
Life cycle cost analysis of water supply infrastructure affected by low rainfall in Ethiopia
Authors: Godfrey S. , Hailemichael G.
Published: August 2017

This paper challenges the assumption that low cost CAPEX (capital expenditure) water supply infrastructure provides reduced life cycle costs when compared with higher cost CAPEX investments. The assumption is applied through a comparison of 10 years of financial data (2006–2016) from point source water supplies (accompanied by Emergency Expenditure – EMMEX investments – emergency water trucking, treatment and distribution) and piped water supply systems in two districts of the Ethiopian Central Highland region of Amhara. This study concluded that on average point source water supplies accessing shallow groundwater were non-functional for an average of 60 months in a project period of 10 years. To supplement the water supply demand during the non-functionality period, emergency water trucking and treatment was provided over a 10 year period at a per capita cost of USD 2,257. In comparison, the per capita cost of piped water supplies was USD 65 for a project period of 20 years. The study concluded that piped water supplies are less expensive than point source supplies when CAPEX and emergency water supply provision costs are considered under a life cycle cost analysis.
The role of bottled drinking water in achieving SDG 6.1: an analysis of affordability and equity from Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Walter Carolin Tina , Kooy Michelle , Prabaharyaka Indrawan
Published: August 2017

Bottled water serves an increasingly large percentage of urban poor populations in lower-income countries, yet receives little attention within international development research and policy. This study investigates the impact of packaged drinking water (refill water) on affordability and equity of drinking water access by the urban poor under SDG 6.1, comparing refill water cost and consumption across socioeconomic quintiles drawn from two sub-districts of Jakarta, Indonesia. Analysis of a customer survey (n = 80) and in-depth interviews with 12 small-scale refill water providers reveals the significance of water quality, convenience, and reliability of water in defining affordable water access. Lower-income households perceive refill water to be the most affordable, safe drinking water source available to them, despite representing the second highest per unit cost source. Piped water is considered more expensive despite its low per unit volume cost, because of total costs associated with guaranteeing its reliability and quality. We suggest that the combined costs of securing domestic and drinking water for poorer households need to be considered for future approaches targeting the provision of inclusive water access under SDG 6.1 in Indonesia. Packaged water needs to be taken into account in the strategies designed to increase access, and measurements of affordability and equity of access.
Остаточные напряжения в кремнии и их эволюция при температурной обработке и облучении
Authors: Мaтяш И.Е. , Минайлова И.А. , Сердега Б.К. , Хируненко Л.И.
Published: August 2017

Исследованы распределения внутренних механических напряжений нелегированного и легированного оловом кремния и влияния на них облучения электронами с энергией 5 МэВ и температурной обработки при 450oC. Измерения напряжений проводились методом, основанным на регистрации двулучепреломления с помощью модуляционной поляриметрии. Показано, что легированный оловом кремний имеет полосы точечных дефектов с неоднородным распределением остаточных напряжений до 20 кг/см2. Температурная обработка при 450oC приводит к повышению остаточных напряжений в образце до 50 кг/см2. Выявлено, что радиационные дефекты, которые образовались при облучении кремния, легированного оловом, приводят к уменьшению остаточных напряжений до 2-3 кг/см2. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.09.44876.8527
Экспериментальные исследования влияния эффектов атомного упорядочения в эпитаксиальных твердых растворах Ga-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-In-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-P на их оптические свойства
Authors: Середин П.В. , Голощапов Д.Л. , Леньшин А.С. , Лукин А.Н. , Худяков Ю.Ю. , Арсентьев И.Н. , Prutskij Тatiana
Published: August 2017

В работе комплексом спектроскопических методов изучены свойства эпитаксиальных твердых растворов GaxIn1-xP с упорядоченным расположением атомов в кристаллической решетке, выращенных методом MOCVD на монокристаллических подложках GaAs(100). В условиях когерентного роста упорядоченного твердого раствора GaxIn1-xP на GaAs(100) появление атомного упорядочения приводит к кардинальному изменению оптических свойств полупроводника по сравнению со свойствами неупорядоченных твердых растворов, среди которых уменьшение ширины запрещенной зоны и усиление люминесценции. Впервые на основе данных дисперсионного анализа ИК-спектров отражения, а также данных УФ-спектроскопии, полученных в режиме пропускание--отражение, определены основные оптические характеристики твердых растворов GaxIn1-xP с упорядочением, а именно дисперсия коэффициента преломления, высокочастотная диэлектрическая проницаемость. Все экспериментальные результаты находятся в хорошем согласии с развитыми теоретическими представлениями. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.09.44877.8481
Температурная зависимость атомной структуры и электрической активности дефектов в термоэлектрике ZnSb, слабо легированном медью
Authors: Прокофьева Л.В. , Насрединов Ф.С. , Константинов П.П. , Шабалдин А.А.
Published: August 2017

Решается задача выбора модели для описания температурной зависимости микроструктуры дефектов в эффективном термоэлектрике ZnSb c 0.1 ат% Cu. Анализируются температурные зависимости концентрации и подвижности для термоцикла 300-700-300 K (термоцикл I) с учетом особенностей кристаллической структуры и ковалентного характера химической связи в ZnSb. Базовой дефектной структурой (температуры T=560-605 K) является состояние, когда все атомы Cu поровну распределены между узлами обеих подрешеток, являясь акцепторами, собственных дефектов акцепторного и донорного типа значительно меньше. Их действие становится заметным, когда температура выходит за рамки вышеупомянутого диапазона. При T>605 K появляются дополнительные акцепторы --- антиструктурный цинк ZnSb; при охлаждении ниже 560 K образуются димеры Cu2, электрическая активность примеси понижается. Распад димеров при нагревании вызывает увеличение концентрации с температурой вплоть до насыщения в указанном выше диапазоне. Были проведены дополнительные термоциклы II-VIII, обнаруженные изменения в температурных зависимостях концентрации дырок и подвижности обсуждаются в рамках упомянутой модели. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.09.44878.8510
Влияние температуры измерения на люминесцентные свойства (113) дефектов в кремнии, имплантированном ионами кислорода
Authors: Соболев Н.А. , Калядин А.Е. , Шек Е.И. , Штельмах К.Ф.
Published: August 2017

Исследовано влияние температуры измерения в диапазоне 5-130 K на спектры ФЛ (113) дефектов в кремнии, имплантированном ионами кислорода с энергией 350 кэВ и дозой 3.7·1014 см-2 и отожженном при 700oC в течение 1 ч в хлорсодержащей атмосфере. Температурная зависимость интенсивности линии характеризуется участками возгорания интенсивности с энергией 23.1 мэВ и гашения интенсивности с энергиями 41.9 и 178.3 мэВ. С ростом температуры линии сдвигаются в длинноволновую сторону, а их полуширина увеличивается. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.09.44880.8561
Генерация поверхностных электронных состояний на границе раздела кремний-сверхтонкий окисел в процессе полевого повреждения структур металл-окисел-полупроводник
Authors: Гольдман Е.И. , Левашов С.А. , Нарышкина В.Г. , Чучева Г.В.
Published: August 2017

Проведены измерения высокочастотных вольт-фарадных характеристик структур металл-окисел-полупроводник (МОП) на n-Si-МОП подложках с толщиной окисла 39 Angstrem, подвергнутых повреждению при полевом стрессе. Показано, что воздействие на сверхтонкий изолирующий слой сильного, но допробойного, электрического поля приводит к образованию большого числа дополнительных пограничных локализованных электронных состояний с уровнем, отстоящим от дна зоны проводимости кремния на 0.14 эВ. Обнаружено, что перезарядка вновь образованных центров с ростом полевого напряжения обеспечивает накопление у границы раздела кремний-окисел избыточного заряда до 8·1012 см-2. Время жизни, рожденных при полевом воздействии, локальных центров составляет двое суток; после этого зависимости заряда, локализованного на границе раздела полупроводник-диэлектрик, от напряжения на затворе в состояниях до стресса и после стресса практически совпадают. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.09.44881.8512
Дельта-легирование соединениями марганца гетероструктур на основе GaAs
Authors: Моисеев К.Д. , Неведомский В.Н. , Kudriavtsev Yu. , Escobosa-Echavarria A. , Lopez-Lopez M.
Published: August 2017

Гетероструктуры с квантовыми ямами GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs, легированные пространственно удаленными моноатомными слоями Mn, были получены на подложке GaAs(001) в режиме монослойного наращивания методом молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии. Комбинированные исследования полученных образцов были проведены при помощи метода вторичной ионной масс-спектрометрии, рентгено-дифракционных измерений и с использованием просвечивающего электронного микроскопа. Исследуемые гетероструктуры с концентрацией легирующей примеси 0.5 монослоя были упруго напряжены и демонстрировали планарные четкие границы раздела без видимых протяженных и точечных дефектов. Предложена методика визуализации распределения концентрации марганца в трехмерной матрице GaAs вблизи квантовой ямы. Согласно экспериментальным результатам существует вероятность диффузии марганца в квантовую яму GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs при уменьшении критической толщины буферного слоя GaAs менее 3 нм. Работа была выполнена при частичной поддержке проекта РФФИ (N 15-02-08909). DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.09.44882.8534
Влияние эффекта электростатического экранирования на фотоэлектрические свойства гетероструктур с глубокими квантовыми ямами
Authors: Данилов Л.В. , Михайлова М.П. , Андреев И.А. , Зегря Г.Г.
Published: August 2017

Работа посвящена теоретическому исследованию влияния электростатического потенциала, индуцированного носителями заряда одного знака, локализованными в глубокой квантовой яме, на вольт-амперные характеристики фотоприемных гетероструктур. На примере p-i-n-структуры с одиночной глубокой квантовой ямой для электронов, находящейся в i-области, показано, что экранирование внешнего приложенного электрического поля приводит к увеличению дифференциальной фотопроводимости такой гетероструктуры по сравнению с p-i-n-структурой без промежуточного двумерного слоя. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.09.44883.8509