bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium Hydroxylapatite Injection for Persistent Velopharyngeal Insufficiency after Sphincter Pharyngoplasty
Authors: O'Connell Brendan P. , Sood Amit J. , Gudis David A. , Montiel Melissa , White David R.
Published: June 2015

Background: The role of calcium hydroxylapatite injection pharyngoplasty after failed sphincter pharyngoplasty surgery has not previously been described. We report our technique of injecting calcium hydroxylapatite into the pharyngoplasty site to add bulk to specific areas of the velopharyngeal port. Methods: A retrospective review of children undergoing calcium hydroxylapatite injection pharyngoplasty for persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency after sphincter pharyngoplasty was performed. Our surgical technique is described. Outcome measures included postoperative perceptual assessment of resonance, improvement in phoneme-specific nasometry scores, and rate of revision surgery. Results: Fourteen patients were included in the study. Improvement in hypernasality on perceptual assessment was noted in the majority of children (85.7%). The rate of achievement of normal resonance on perceptual analysis was 35.7%. A significant decrease in nasometry scores was noted for the following phonemes: /pa/, /sa/, /sha/, and /pi/. There were no intraoperative complications or immediate postoperative complications associated with calcium hydroxylapatite injection. Conclusions: Our early experience suggests that calcium hydroxylapatite injection after failed sphincter pharyngoplasty is a safe, minimally invasive technique with favorable short-term results.
Second-Line Chemotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma: A 2-Cohort Study
Authors: Carvalho Bruno F. , Fernandes Ana C. , Almeida Daniela S. , Sampaio Luísa V. , Costa Andreia , Caeiro Claudia , Osório Lígia , Castro Lígia , Linhares Paulo , Damasceno Margarida , Vaz Rui C.
Published: June 2015

Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common malignant primary central nervous system tumor in adults. Standard-of-care therapy includes surgical resection, radiotherapy and temozolomide, but nearly all patients experience disease progression. The purpose of this study was to describe 2 cohorts of patients with recurrent GB submitted to second-line treatment with procarbazine/lomustine/vincristine (PCV) or bevacizumab/irinotecan (BI). Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of GB patients treated in our center with PCV or BI, after progression with temozolomide, between 2004 and 2012. Results: Among 60 patients, 41 were treated with BI and 19 with PCV. According to the Macdonald criteria, the overall response rate in the BI group was 66% (n = 27) while it was 11% (n = 2) in the PCV group. The median progression-free survival was 5 and 3 months in the BI and PCV group, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) since second-line chemotherapy was 9 months in the BI group and 5 months in the PCV group. The latter group had a worse toxicity profile (grade 3-4: 52.6% vs. 22.0%; grade 1-2: 89.5% vs. 68.3%). Conclusions: The BI cohort had higher response rates, almost twice the OS and a lower degree of toxicity in contrast to the PCV group. The small number of patients and historical cohorts limits these comparisons.
A Systematic Review of Adjuvant Interventions for Radioiodine in Patients with Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Xu Gangzhu , Wu Tao , Ge Liqiao , Li Wen
Published: June 2015

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of adjuvant interventions for radioiodine in patients with thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was undertaken on July 9, 2014. RevMan 5 software was used to synthesize data. Results: 13 randomized controlled trials were included. The pooled risk ratio of 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-1.02, p = 0.58) indicated no significant difference in successful thyroid remnant ablation between recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) and thyroid hormone withdrawal in 7 trials. The percentage of patients who had successful ablation was significantly higher in the oral-lithium group than in the control group (p = 0.017). A computerized decision aid improves informed decision-making in patients with early-stage papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) who are considering adjuvant radioiodine treatment (p < 0.001). Amifostine pretreatment did not prevent parenchymal damage to the major salivary gland function after radioiodine treatment (p = 0.2461). Conclusions: The present systematic review suggests that rhTSH, lithium, and computerized decision aids maybe act as beneficial adjuvant interventions for radioiodine in patients with thyroid cancer; however, amifostine does not exhibit helpful effects in thyroid cancer patients treated with radioiodine.
Asthma Bronchiale and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Jayasinghe Harshani , Kopsaftis Zoe , Carson Kristin
Published: June 2015

Exercising regularly has a wide range of beneficial health effects; in particular, it has been well documented to help in the management of chronic illnesses including asthma. However, in some individuals, exertion can also trigger an exacerbation of asthmatic episodes and subsequent acute attacks of breathlessness, coughing, tightness of the chest and wheezing. This physiological process is called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) whereby post-exercise forced expiratory volume in 1 s is reduced by 10-15% from baseline. While EIB is highly prevalent in asthmatics and presents with similar respiratory symptoms, asthma and EIB are not mutually exclusive. The aim of this review is to present a broad overview of both conditions in order to enhance the understanding of the similarities and differences distinguishing them as two separate entities. The pathophysiology and mechanisms underlying asthma are well described with research now focussing on defining phenotypes for targeted management strategies. Conversely, the mechanistic understanding of EIB remains largely under-described. Diagnostic pathways for both are established and similar, as are pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments and management approaches, which have enhanced success with early detection. Given the potential for exacerbation of asthma, exercise avoidance is common but counterproductive as current evidence indicates that it is well tolerated and improves quality of life. Literature supporting the benefit of exercise for EIB sufferers is at present favourable, yet extremely limited; therefore, future research should be directed in this area as well as towards further developing the understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms underpinning both EIB and asthma.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОТРИМАННЯ ВОДИ ДЛЯ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ В УМОВАХ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ
Authors: Олійник П. В. , Громовик Б. П.
Published: June 2015

проведено аналіз методів отримання і застосування води для екстемпорального виготовлення лікарських засобів в лікарняних аптеках, розгорнутих у пристосованих приміщеннях в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій мирного і воєнного часу. Показано можливість застосування води очищеної для виготовлення парентеральних лікарських засобів, очних крапель, розчинів нестійких препаратів і лікарських засобів для новонароджених, а води свіжопрокип’яченої - для виготовлення усіх інших рідких ЛЗ, які не потребують асептичних умов виготовлення або стерилізації у тих випадках, коли отримання води для ін’єкцій в аптеках, розгорнутих у пристосованих приміщеннях в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій, є неможливим.
РОЗРОБКА МЕТОДИК КОНТРОЛЮ ЯКОСТІ ПРЕПАРАТУ ЛЕСФАЛЬ РОЗЧИН ДЛЯ ІН’ЄКЦІЙ
Authors: Борщевський Г. І. , Ярних Т. Г. , Коноваленко В. А. , Гавриленко В. Л.
Published: June 2015

розроблено методики контролю якості ліпосомального ін’єкційного розчину Лесфаль. Запропонований аналітичний метод визначення вмісту фосфатидилхоліну, специфічний, лінійній, точний і правильний в діапазоні концентрацій діючої речовини 76-126 %. Межа виявлення лізофосфатидилхоліну складає 0,01167 мг/мл, межа кількісного визначення складає 0,03534 мг/мл.
КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ТА АНАЛІЗ ВИТРАТ НА УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗАПАСАМИ У ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ КОМПАНІЯХ
Authors: Новицька Ю. Є. , Посилкіна О. В. , Сагайдак-Нікітюк Р. В.
Published: June 2015

визначено сутність витрат на управління запасами. Проаналізовано витрати на управління запасами фармацевтичних компаній. Досліджено динаміку витрат на управління запасами для умов фармацевтичного виробництва. Обґрунтовано класифікацію витрат на управління запасами у фармацевтичних компаніях.
ДО 75-РІЧЧЯ ВИДАТНОГО НАУКОВЦЯ
Authors: фармацевтичного університету колектив і студенти Національного
Published: June 2015

Науково-педагогічна й академічна гро­мадськість, колектив і студенти Національного фармацевтичного університету, колеги, друзі, учні від щирого серця вітають відомого вчено­го, талановитого педагога, видатного організа­тора та реформатора вищої фармацевтичної освіти, невтомного ентузіаста і патріота фармації, який є яскравим прикладом відданого служін­ня інтересам освіти, науки, здоров’я людей, інте­ресам нашої славної України. 
МЕТОДИЧНІ КОНФЕРЕНЦІЇ ЯК ЗАСІБ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ В ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОМУ ДЕРЖАВНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ І. Я. ГОРБАЧЕВСЬКОГО
Authors: Мисула І. Р. , Файфура В. В. , Паламарчук А. І.
Published: June 2015

У статті коротко, в історичній послідовності описано етапи і шляхи вдосконалення навчального процесу в Тернопільському державному медичному університеті, які знайшли відображення у методичних конференціях.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ПРИ КРЕДИТНО-МОДУЛЬНІЙ СИСТЕМІ НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Гривенко С. Г. , Барановський Ю. Г.
Published: June 2015

У статті розглядаються можливості використання сучасних комп’ютерних технологій у навчальному процесі. Вони
полягають у використанні неттопів при створенні комп’ютерних класів. Залучення інноваційних технологій контролю
та викладання дозволить оптимізувати навчальний процес, об’єктивізувати оцінювання студентів та зменшити енерго-
витрати більше ніж у5 разів у порівнянні з “класичними” комп’ютерними класами.
ОПАНУВАННЯ СТУДЕНТАМИ ПРАКТИЧНИХ НАВИЧОК ЯК СКЛАДОВА ЧАСТИНА ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ НА КАФЕДРІ НЕЙРОХІРУРГІЇ І НЕВРОЛОГІЇ ОДЕСЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
Authors: Сон А. С. , Добровольський В. В. , Горанський Ю. І. , Стоянов О. М. , Добровольська Н. В.
Published: June 2015

У статті представлений аналіз методичних підходів, запропонованих кафедрою нейрохірургії і неврології Одеського
державногомедичногоуніверситету, щодопідвищення якості навчальної роботи, зокрема опанування практичних навичок.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ “МЕДИЦИНА КАТАСТРОФ” ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНИХ ВНЗ У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Вовк К. В. , Сокруто О. В. , Ніколаєнко Є. Я.
Published: June 2015

У статті доведена необхідність та доцільність вивчення дисципліни “Медицина катастроф” на додипломному етапі
підготовки лікарів та наведений кафедральний досвід викладання цієї дисципліни на медичномуфакультеті ХНУімені
В. Н. Каразіна.
САМОНАВЧАННЯ ЯК МОТИВАЦІЙНА СКЛАДОВА ЯКІСНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Шостакович-Корецька Л. Р. , Маврутенков В. В. , Чергінець А. В. , Будаєва І. В. , Якуніна О. М. , Шевельова О. В.
Published: June 2015

У роботі надано аналіз анонімного анкетування 344 респондентів студентів старших курсів медичного факультету,
інтернів та лікарів для визначення якості регулярної самостійної теоретичної професійної підготовки. Доведено, що
більшість студентів та лікарів не мають “звички” до самостійної теоретичної професійної підготовки, що відображає
низьку мотивацію до якісного навчання. Головним засобом самостійної професійної освіти для студентів та інтернів є
інтернет (48,5%), і тільки 25% респондентів користуються з цією метою друкованою фаховою літературою.
МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНИЙ ПРОБЛЕМНИЙ СЕМІНАР ЯК ІНТЕРАКТИВНИЙ МЕТОД НАВЧАННЯ СЛУХАЧІВ ЦИКЛУ ТЕМАТИЧНОГО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ
Authors: Дикий Б. М. , Матейко Г. Б. , Пришляк О. Я. , Кондрин О. Є.
Published: June 2015

Використання міждисциплінарного проблемного семінару у вигляді наукової конференції як інтерактивного методу
навчання дозволяє виробити і закріпити у лікарівнавики застосовуваннянабутих знань у практичніймедицині, розвиває
професійно-творче мислення, ініціативність, відповідальність, самостійність, даєможливість поділитися власним досві-
дом з іншими. Семінар розроблений для слухачів циклу тематичного удосконалення (ТУ), оскільки для успішного його
проведення необхідний достатній рівень засвоєння учасниками семінару провідних ідей, основних понять і положень з
різних дисциплін, щовивчалися на етапі додипломногонавчання. Завданняміждисциплінарного семінару– забезпечити
усвідомлення лікарями міжпредметних зв’язків, систематизувати набуті знання, навики і вміння.
МАЙБУТНЬОМУ ЛІКАРЮ ДОСКОНАЛІ ЗНАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ
Authors: Ляховський В. І. , Дем'янюк Д. Г. , Люлька О. М. , Ковальов О. П. , Нємченко І. І. , Дудченко М. О. , Дмитренко В. П.
Published: June 2015

Виконали поглиблений аналіз 256 письмових робіт студентів 4 та 6 курсів з навчальної дисципліни “Хірургія”. Метою
роботи було вияснити, як студенти в процесі навчання використовують та поглиблюють знання рідної української мови.
Цікавила будова тексту, ознаки тексту, зв’язок речень у тексті, послідовність викладу, використання мовних засобів,
стиль мовлення, формування речень, дотримання правил правопису та пунктуації. Дійшли висновку, що при написанні
тексту студенти допускають помітні помилки з розділу раціональної будови тексту, мови, стилю розповіді, правопису та
пунктуації. Поглиблення знань рідної мовиможна добитисяшляхом частішого використання письмовоїформи контролю
знань, систематичним розглядом допущених помилок.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ВИРОБНИЧОЇ ПРАКТИКИ З КЛІНІЧНОЇ ФАРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Тюріна В. Ф. , Кліщ І. М. , Марків І. М.
Published: June 2015

Узагальнено досвід організації проведення виробничої практики з клінічної фармації на кафедрі клінічної фармації.
Звертається увага на методику проведення виробничої практики з клінічної фармації. Під час практики студентам
надаєтьсяможливість закріпити знання тапрактичні навики, отримані ними при вивченні основних клінічних та теоре-
тичних дисциплін, ознайомлення з організацією роботи провізора в умовах лікувальної установи.
ІСТОРІЯ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ ЯК ДЕРЖАВНОГО НОРМАТИВНОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ВІЙСЬКОВО- МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Клішевич Б. А. , Рум'янцев Ю. В. , Гончаренко І. Ф.
Published: June 2015

У статті викладена історія становлення медичної освіти в незалежній Україні і основні напрямки проведення реформ,
які проводились на основі створених нормативно-правових документів. Розкриті напрямки інтеграції військової медич-
ної освіти у загальнодержавну як її базового нормативного компонента.
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients Without Severe Septal Hypertrophy
Authors: Patel Parag , Dhillon Ashwat , Popovic Zoran B. , Smedira Nicholas G. , Rizzo Jessica , Thamilarasan Maran , Agler Deborah , Lytle Bruce W. , Lever Harry M. , Desai Milind Y.
Published: June 2015

Background—

In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, but without basal septal hypertrophy, we sought to identify mitral valve (MV) and papillary muscle (PM) abnormalities that predisposed to LVOT obstruction, using echo and cardiac magnetic resonance.

Methods and Results—

We studied 121 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (age, 49±17 years; 60% men; 57% on β-blockers) with a basal septal thickness of ≤1.8 cm who underwent echocardiography (rest+stress) and cine cardiac magnetic resonance. Echo measurements included maximal LVOT gradient (rest/provocable), MV leaflet length (parasternal long, 4 and 3-chamber views), and abnormal chordal attachment to mid/base of anterior MV. Cine cardiac magnetic resonance measurements included basal septal thickness, number/area of PM heads, and bifid PM mobility (in systole and diastole). Mean basal septal thickness, LVOT gradient, and LV ejection fraction were 1.5±0.3 cm, 72±54 mm Hg, and 61±6%, respectively. The number of anterolateral and posteromedial PM heads was 2.7±0.7 and 2.6±0.7, respectively. Anterolateral and posteromedial PM areas were 19.9±7 cm
2
and 17.1±6 cm
2
, respectively. PM mobility was 11±6°. On multivariable analysis, predictors of maximal LVOT gradient were basal septal thickness, bifid PM mobility, anterior mitral leaflet length, and abnormal chordal attachment to base of anterior mitral leaflet. Forty-five patients underwent surgery to relieve LVOT obstruction, of which 52% needed an additional nonmyectomy (MV repair/replacement or PM reorientation) approach.

Conclusions—

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients without significant LV hypertrophy, in addition to basal septal thickness, anterior MV length, abnormal chordal attachment, and bifid PM mobility are associated with LVOT obstruction. In such patients, additional procedures on MV and PM (±myectomy) could be considered.
Dynamic Evolution of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions in Patients With Minor Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kate Mahesh P. , Riaz Parnian , Gioia Laura , Sivakumar Leka , Jeerakathil Thomas , Buck Brian , Beaulieu Christian , Butcher Kenneth
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume on magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly being used as a surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials. We aimed to characterize the evolution of DWI lesion volumes within 30 days of symptom onset after minor stroke.

Methods—

Minor stroke patients with DWI lesions on magnetic resonance imaging within 48 hours of symptom onset were prospectively followed with magnetic resonance imaging brain scan at 7 and 30 days. Change in the lesion volume was defined as the difference between day 30 Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and baseline DWI lesion volumes.

Results—

Three patterns of infarct evolution were observed: reduction (72 [63%]), no change (26 [23%]), and growth (16 [14%]). Patients with infarct reduction at 30 days had larger baseline DWI lesion volumes (2.5 [0.9–8.5] mL) than those with stable infarcts (0.5 [0.3–0.9] mL;
P
=0.01). Complete DWI reversal at day 30, was seen in only 6 (5.3%) patients.

Conclusions—

The most common pattern of infarct evolution in patients with minor stroke is a reduction in volume, but complete resolution is uncommon.
Further proposals about higher zoological nomenclature, and a lesson of humility: the solution to a recent controversy about the authorship and date of the nomen Amphibia had already been published one century ago

Authors: Dubois Alain
Published: June 2015

The absence in the Code of Rules for the nomenclature of zoological taxa above the rank superfamily is an impediment to universal and unambiguous communication about the higher taxonomy of animals. Pending the possible fixing of the Code in this respect, it appears justified to develop a set of simple ‘guidelines’ which could be adopted consensually by the taxonomists who wish so. They could include: (1) the convention that the ‘same name’ given to different higher taxa results in the existence (and therefore availability) of different homonymous nomina, having different authors and dates; (2) the convention that a nomen of higher taxon first introduced clearly as a scientific, not vernacular, name but in a non-Latin form, and that was latinised subsequently in the literature, should be credited to the author of the original work; (3) the need to ‘protect’ the best known and most often used higher zoological nomina (sozonyms and sozodiaphonyms), with the dominant meanings and spellings that they have had for decades or centuries in the biological literature, irrespective of being or not the first ones to have been proposed for the taxa at stake or among homonyms; (4) the implementation of the Principles of Homonymy and of Priority among all the other nomina of higher taxa. These proposals are illustrated by examples in amphibian higher nomenclature, concerning the well-known nomina Amphibia and Batrachia, which have been the matter of recent controversies. An unexpected finding is reported here: that a similar debate on this same question developed in the years 1889–1910, mostly in the journal Science, and was closed by a clear and simple solution, which has fallen into complete oblivion since then. This suggests that our databases are incomplete and that we should be more humble in our debates than we often are, as we are still missing important pieces of information on the past literature.
Six-Year Experience With Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Duke William S. , White Jennifer R. , Waller Jennifer L. , Terris David J.
Published: June 2015

Background:

Though minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) offers many advantages over traditional thyroid surgery, its adoption in North America has been limited. This study analyzes the largest series of MIVAT in North America to explore its safety.

Methods:

A prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing thyroid surgery by a single surgeon from 2003 to 2011 at an academic tertiary care medical center was evaluated. Demographic information, surgical and pathologic data, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

Beginning in 2005, a total of 260 MIVATs were performed during the study period. Outpatient surgery was accomplished in 234 MIVATs (90%). MIVAT patients were predominantly young (46.8 ± 14.8 years vs 52.4 ± 14.6 years for conventional thyroidectomy) and female (88.5% vs 75.5% for conventional thyroidectomy). There were no cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction. Observed complications included transient recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction (n = 10; 3.8%), cellulitis (n = 1; 0.4%), and temporary hypocalcemia (n = 6; 2.3%). The overall complication rate for MIVAT (6.5%) was lower than the overall complication rate in conventional thyroidectomy (18.5%, P < .0001).

Conclusion:

MIVAT can be performed safely with a low complication profile in a high-volume practice. The safety of MIVAT represented by this experience supports broader adoption across surgical practices.
Development of carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepregs modified with nanoclays
Authors: Asaro L , Rivero G , Manfredi LB , Alvarez VA , Rodriguez ES
Published: June 2015

This work is focused on the study of the main variables involved in the development of phenolic/carbon prepregs and how these variables are affected by the incorporation of nanoclays. For this, phenolic resin was obtained from phenol and formaldehyde, performing the reaction under basic conditions and with formaldehyde excess. Resin curing kinetics was studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Organo-modified clay was added to the phenolic resin in order to evaluate their effect on the general performance of the material. Carbon fiber/phenolic resin and carbon fiber/clay modified phenolic resin prepregs were obtained by hand-layup and vacuum bagging. Prepregs were characterized in terms of fiber content, flexural stiffness, and degree of tack. In both the cases, intermediate fiber volume content, nearly 50%, was obtained. The addition of 5 wt% of clay to the phenolic resin did not produce a significant change on the prepregs stiffness but increased the degree of tack, which implies that the incorporation of such particles was useful to enhance the prepregs properties. Composite materials were obtained by compression molding of the prepregs obtained, and were characterized by its fiber content, mechanical behavior with the three-point bending test and its thermal degradation by thermogravimetry. High fiber content composites materials were obtained, nearly 75% by volume. However, modified composites showed lower fiber content, which resulted in a decrease of the flexural modulus and strength. In relation to thermal degradation, the addition of nanoclay did not change the behavior of the materials.
Spectrum of Dental Phenotypes in Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefting
Authors: Howe B.J. , Cooper M.E. , Vieira A.R. , Weinberg S.M. , Resick J.M. , Nidey N.L. , Wehby G.L. , Marazita M.L. , Moreno Uribe L.M.
Published: June 2015

Children with oral clefts show a wide range of dental anomalies, adding complexity to understanding the phenotypic spectrum of orofacial clefting. The evidence is mixed, however, on whether the prevalence of dental anomalies is elevated in unaffected relatives and is mostly based on small samples. In the largest international cohort to date of children with nonsyndromic clefts, their relatives, and controls, this study characterizes the spectrum of cleft-related dental anomalies and evaluates whether families with clefting have a significantly higher risk for such anomalies compared with the general population. A total of 3,811 individuals were included: 660 cases with clefts, 1,922 unaffected relatives, and 1,229 controls. Dental anomalies were identified from in-person dental exams or intraoral photographs, and case-control differences were tested using χ2 statistics. Cases had higher rates of dental anomalies in the maxillary arch than did controls for primary (21% vs. 4%, P = 3 × 10−8) and permanent dentitions (51% vs. 8%, P = 4 × 10−62) but not in the mandible. Dental anomalies were more prevalent in cleft lip with cleft palate than other cleft types. More anomalies were seen in the ipsilateral side of the cleft. Agenesis and tooth displacements were the most common dental anomalies found in case probands for primary and permanent dentitions. Compared with controls, unaffected siblings (10% vs. 2%, P = 0.003) and parents (13% vs. 7%, P = 0.001) showed a trend for increased anomalies of the maxillary permanent dentition. Yet, these differences were nonsignificant after multiple-testing correction, suggesting genetic heterogeneity in some families carrying susceptibility to both overt clefts and dental anomalies. Collectively, the findings suggest that most affected families do not have higher genetic risk for dental anomalies than the general population and that the higher prevalence of anomalies in cases is primarily a physical consequence of the cleft and surgical interventions.
Microgaps and Demineralization Progress around Composite Restorations
Authors: Turkistani A. , Nakashima S. , Shimada Y. , Tagami J. , Sadr A.
Published: June 2015

This study investigated the influence of adhesives and marginal sealing on demineralization progress using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Cavities (4 × 2 mm) were prepared in bovine incisors and restored using Clearfil SE Protect (SP), Bond Force (BF), Scotchbond Universal (SB), or G-Bond Plus (GB), followed by Estelite Flow Quick flowable composite. The control group received no adhesive ( n = 10). After 3-d incubation in artificial saliva and 10,000 thermal cycles, gaps at enamel and dentin margins were measured at 8 locations on cross-sectional images obtained from each restoration using swept-source OCT at 1310-nm wavelength. Specimens were demineralized using acidified gel (pH = 4.5) for 5 wk and scanned every week to monitor the lesion progress at the same marginal locations. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that demineralization period and adhesive type and their interaction had a significant effect on the lesion size in both substrates ( P < 0.001). SP, BF, and SB had significantly lower enamel and dentin initial gaps than the control and GB ( P < 0.05). Enamel lesion progress was slower in the fluoride-releasing adhesives SP and BF and significantly different from SB, GB, and the control ( P < 0.001). SP and BF dentin lesions were significantly different from GB and the control ( P < 0.001), but not from SB ( P > 0.05). A significant positive correlation ( P < 0.05) was found between initial gap length and formed lesion size in both substrates, which was stronger in enamel ( r = 0.63) than dentin ( r = 0.35). Microgaps forming at the margins of restorations depend on adhesives and significantly contribute to the progress of demineralization around the margins, while fluoride release may decrease the rate of progression.
Systematic Review and Quality Appraisal of Economic Evaluation Publications in Dentistry
Authors: Tonmukayakul U. , Calache H. , Clark R. , Wasiak J. , Faggion C.M.
Published: June 2015

Economic evaluation (EE) studies have been undertaken in dentistry since the late 20th century because economic data provide additional information to policy makers to develop guidelines and set future direction for oral health services. The objectives of this study were to assess the methodological quality of EEs in oral health. Electronic searching of Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database from 1975 to 2013 were undertaken to identify publications that include costs and outcomes in dentistry. Relevant reference lists were also searched for additional studies. Studies were retrieved and reviewed independently for inclusion by 3 authors. Furthermore, to appraise the EE methods, 1 author applied the Drummond 10-item (13-criteria) checklist tool to each study. Of the 114 publications identified, 79 studies were considered full EE and 35 partial. Twenty-eight studies (30%) were published between the years 2011 and 2013. Sixty-four (53%) studies focused on dental caries prevention or treatment. Median appraisal scores calculated for full and partial EE studies were 11 and 9 out of 13, respectively. Quality assessment scores showed that the quality of partial EE studies published after 2000 significantly improved ( P = 0.02) compared to those published before 2000. Significant quality improvement was not found in full EE studies. Common methodological limitations were identified: absence of sensitivity analysis, discounting, and insufficient information on how costs and outcomes were measured and valued. EE studies in dentistry increased over the last 40 y in both quantity and quality, but a number of publications failed to satisfy some components of standard EE research methods, such as sensitivity analysis and discounting.
Periodontal Bacteria and Prediabetes Prevalence in ORIGINS
Authors: Demmer R.T. , Jacobs D.R. , Singh R. , Zuk A. , Rosenbaum M. , Papapanou P.N. , Desvarieux M.
Published: June 2015

Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are known to be associated. The relationship between periodontal microbiota and early diabetes risk has not been studied. We investigated the association between periodontal bacteria and prediabetes prevalence among diabetes-free adults. ORIGINS (the Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study) cross sectionally enrolled 300 diabetes-free adults aged 20 to 55 y (mean ± SD, 34 ± 10 y; 77% female). Prediabetes was defined as follows: 1) hemoglobin A1c values ranging from 5.7% to 6.4% or 2) fasting plasma glucose ranging from 100 to 125 mg/dL. In 1,188 subgingival plaque samples, 11 bacterial species were assessed at baseline, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Actinomyces naeslundii. Full-mouth clinical periodontal examinations were performed, and participants were defined as having no/mild periodontitis vs. moderate/severe periodontitis per the definition of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / American Academy of Periodontology. Modified Poisson regression evaluated prediabetes prevalence across bacterial tertiles. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for third vs. first tertiles are presented. All analyses were adjusted for cardiometabolic risk factors. All results presented currently arise from the baseline cross section. Prediabetes prevalence was 18%, and 58% of participants had moderate/severe periodontitis. Prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) summarizing associations between bacterial levels and prediabetes were as follows: A. actinomycetemcomitans, 2.48 (1.34, 4.58), P = 0.004; P. gingivalis, 3.41 (1.78, 6.58), P = 0.0003; T. denticola, 1.99 (0.992, 4.00), P = 0.052; T. forsythia, 1.95 (1.0, 3.84), P = 0.05; A. naeslundii, 0.46 (0.25, 0.85), P = 0.01. The prevalence ratio for prediabetes among participants with moderate/severe vs. no/mild periodontitis was 1.47 (0.78, 2.74), P = 0.23. Higher colonization levels of specific periodontal microbiota are associated with higher prediabetes prevalence among diabetes-free adults.
Elastic analysis of tensile behavior of a composite using unidirectionally aligned staple-spun yarn preform
Authors: Shimamura Yoshinobu , Miao Diyun , Tohgo Keiichiro , Fujii Tomoyuki
Published: June 2015

Staple-spun yarn has been attracting attention as a fiber assemblage for composite fabrication for a decade. Using spun yarn as a fiber assemblage allows us to obtain a higher volume fraction with better fiber alignment if discontinuous fibers are used as reinforcement. However, a staple-spun yarn structure has a very complex geometry of fiber arrangement (such as twist and migration) as well as fiber discontinuity. These complexities make it difficult to analyze a composite system using staple-spun yarn as a fiber assemblage. In this study, a mathematical formulation was developed for the elastic solution of the tensile behavior of a composite system using unidirectionally aligned staple-spun yarn as a fiber assemblage. The influence of the twist angle on the effective axial modulus of the composite and the stress and strain distributions are discussed using the proposed approach.
An experimental study of multicolored composite yarns for woven fabrics by the friction spinning method
Authors: Hua Tao , Lo Wing Wai , Xiao Xueliang
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a fabrication method for multicolored composite yarn based on a tri-coaxial yarn architecture by using a friction spinning machine. The yarn consists of a core, intermediate layer and outer layer in a coaxial form for accommodating fibers in different colors. The influence of fiber weight ratio of the intermediate layer to outer layer on yarn structure in terms of fiber coverage for each layer as well as yarn properties was investigated to identify the appropriate fiber weight ratio for yarn production. The results from the experiments show that the magnitude of fiber coverage of the intermediate layer on the yarn core increases with the increase of fiber weight ratio, while the fiber coverage performance of the outer layer on the intermediate layer of the yarn becomes better when a lower fiber weight ratio is adopted. The fiber weight ratio also has an effect on the yarn properties, including strength and elongation, hairiness, evenness and imperfection. Based on the evaluation of yarn structure and properties, a fiber weight ratio of 0.50 was selected to produce the multicolored composite yarns for woven fabrics. A weft-faced woven fabric was produced by using the developed multicolored composite yarns as weft yarns. Then, the laser engraving treatment with appropriate laser fluence from a feasible working range of both laser resolution and pixel time was applied to woven fabric to create a multicolor effect. The treated woven fabric exhibits a unique pattern effect using the developed multicolored effect composite yarns.
Ioncell-F: ionic liquid-based cellulosic textile fibers as an alternative to viscose and Lyocell
Authors: Michud Anne , Tanttu Marjaana , Asaadi Shirin , Ma Yibo , Netti Eveliina , Kääriainen Pirjo , Persson Anders , Berntsson Anders , Hummel Michael , Sixta Herbert
Published: June 2015

Ioncell-F, a recently developed process for the production of man-made cellulosic fibers from ionic liquid solutions by dry-jet wet spinning, is presented as an alternative to the viscose and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO)-based Lyocell processes. The ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene acetate was identified as excellent cellulose solvent allowing for a rapid dissolution at moderate temperatures and subsequent shaping into continuous filaments. The highly oriented cellulose fibers obtained upon coagulation in cold water exhibited superior tenacity, exceeding that of commercial viscose and NMMO-based Lyocell (Tencel®) fibers. The respective staple fibers, which have been converted into two-ply yarn by ring spinning technology, presented very high tenacity. Furthermore, the Ioncell yarn showed very good behavior during the knitting and weaving processes, reflecting the quality of the produced yarn. The successfully knitted and woven garments from the Ioncell yarn demonstrate the suitability of this particular ionic liquid for the production of man-made cellulosic fibers and thus give a promising outlook for the future of the Ioncell-F process.
Governmentalities in everyday practices: The dynamic of urban neighbourhood governance in China
Authors: Wan Xiaoyuan
Published: June 2015

Urban neighbourhood has become a conspicuous arena of policy intervention in China, since the central government intensively promoted a Shequ system to strengthen its infrastructure power at neighbourhood level in the 1990s. As recent researches give increasing discussions to the roles different actors play and the division of responsibility within institutional procedures of Shequ, few empirical studies have been carried out to explore the everyday governing process and the stories happening at the receiving end of governance. This research uses a Foucauldian governmentality framework to critically analyse the Shequ institutions’ governing technologies in their everyday practices, and how these technologies succeed or fail to shape citizens’ conduct. Empirical evidences from the case study portray a hybridising scenario, in which the Shequ institutions embrace both the Maoist and Confucian discourses to cultivate active and responsible citizens. Nevertheless, residents’ divergent reactions to the government mobilisation suggest a process in which citizens develop their own ways to internalise or refuse the government interventions which aim to regulate their conduct. This paper concludes by suggesting that giving its materials of stories about the implementers and receivers of government discourses, neighbourhood governance can make important contributions to governmentality research in regards to the topics around the state’s power exercise at the grassroots society and citizens’ struggle around subjectivity.
Assessing local elected officials’ concerns about interlocal agreements
Authors: Zeemering Eric
Published: June 2015

At times, local politicians are described as barriers to interlocal cooperation; however, recent studies show elected officials are active in interlocal networks and harbour diverse motivations for their involvement in interlocal politics. This research introduces institutional role theory to the study of interlocal politics. Using a survey of elected officials in the San Francisco Bay Area, support for various roles in interlocal politics are assessed in relation to the scope of elected officials’ concerns about the use of interlocal agreements, as well as variables related to institutional context. Exploring elected officials’ concerns about interlocal agreements and the roles they undertake in interlocal politics sheds light on the democratic underpinning of metropolitan civil society and highlights new research opportunities at the intersection of public administration, political science and urban studies.
Using Shrek to Teach About Stigma
Authors: Melchiori Kala J. , Mallett Robyn K.
Published: June 2015

We describe an active learning exercise to teach students about social stigma. After lecturing on the topic, the instructor distributes a worksheet and shows several clips from the movie Shrek, pausing after each clip to lead a discussion of the concepts. We provide information about the movie scenes, the student worksheet, and instructor discussion guide. Students who attended a lecture on stigma and participated in the Shrek exercise ( n = 14) scored higher on an assessment of the concepts than students who viewed the lecture and completed a self-reflection exercise ( n = 13) as well as students who only viewed the lecture and did not participate in an exercise ( n = 13). Students ( N = 52) also indicated that they enjoyed the exercise and believed it provides clarification of the topics above and beyond the lecture material. Thus, our Shrek active learning exercise is a useful tool for helping students learn about the sensitive issues of social stigma.
It feels good to learn where I belong: School belonging, academic emotions, and academic achievement in adolescents
Authors: Fong Lam Un , Chen Wei-Wen , Zhang Jingqi , Liang Ting
Published: June 2015

This study examined the relationships between school belonging, academic emotions, and academic achievement in Macau adolescents. A survey of 406 junior high school students in Macau was used to collect information on the extent to which these students felt accepted and respected in their schools (school belonging), the emotions they experienced in learning (academic emotions), and their grade point averages. Path analysis indicated that academic emotions mediated the relation between school belonging and academic achievement. Students with a greater sense of school belonging experienced more positive emotions (both activating and deactivating) and less negative deactivating emotions, which in turn contributed to their academic success. A sense of being rejected in school can affect academic achievement negatively through facilitating negative deactivating emotions and inhibiting positive deactivating emotions.
Conditions and procedures for in-hospital extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of adult patients
Authors: Swol Justyna , Belohlávek Jan , Haft Jonathan W. , Ichiba Shingo , Lorusso Roberto , Peek Giles J.
Published: June 2015

The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; ECPR) has been repeatedly published as non-randomized studies, mainly case series and case reports. The aim of this article is to support physicians, perfusionists, nurses and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) specialists who regularly perform ECPR or are willing to start an ECPR program by establishing standards for safe and efficient ECPR procedures. This article represents the experience and recommendations of physicians who provide ECPR routinely. Based on its survival and outcome rates, ECPR can be considered when determining the optimal treatment of patients who require CPR. The successful performance of ECLS cannulation during CPR is a life-saving measure and has been associated with improved outcome (including neurological outcome) after CPR. We summarize the general structure of an ECLS team and describe the cannulation procedure and the approaches for post-resuscitation care. The differences in hospital organizations and their regulations may result in variations of this model.
A staged approach to treating oropharyngeal venous malformation
Authors: Saedon Mahmud , Richards Toby , Brookes Jocelyn
Published: June 2015

We presented a staged approach to treating oropharyngeal venous malformation in Jehovah Witness patient.
Experience with the UK New Enterprise Allowance scheme
Authors: Cameron Alastair
Published: June 2015

The New Enterprise Allowance scheme provides support for unemployed people wishing to start a business or become self-employed. Financial support is provided through a weekly allowance and access to loan capital, with business advice provided through volunteer mentors. This paper outlines the introduction of New Enterprise Allowance in the UK, provides an overview of the service and describes the experience of one contractor delivering New Enterprise Allowance in North Scotland.
Preoperative transarterial embolization using gelatin sponge for hypervascular bone and soft tissue tumors in the pelvis or extremities
Authors: Shimohira Masashi , Nagai Keiichi , Hashizume Takuya , Nakagawa Motoo , Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Sakurai Keita , Matsushita Yasushi , Yamada Satoshi , Otsuka Takanobu , Shibamoto Yuta
Published: June 2015

Background

Preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization for hypervascular bone and soft tissue tumors plays an important role in reducing intraoperative blood loss (IBL).

Purpose

To evaluate the use of a gelatin sponge in preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization for hypervascular bone and soft tissue tumors in the pelvis or extremities.

Material and Methods

Thirty-seven patients (21 men, 16 women; median age, 61 years; age range, 23–79 years) underwent preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization between April 2004 and January 2015. Medical records and images were reviewed, and the technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications were evaluated. Technical success was defined as a devascularization rate of 75% or higher, and clinical success was defined as intraoperative blood loss (IBL) <1500 mL in cases undergoing surgery within 3 days of transarterial embolization and <3000 mL in cases operated 4 or more days later.

Results

Tumor sizes were in the range of 2.0–13.0 cm (median, 5.0 cm). The devascularization rate was decreased by >75% at follow-up angiography in all cases, and the technical success rate was 100 % (37/37). The median IBL was 491 mL (range, 30–3800 mL), and the clinical success rate was 89% (33/37). The minor complication of local pain was observed in 13 out of 37 cases (35%) during or after embolization, but was controllable by an analgesic.

Conclusion

Preoperative transarterial embolization using a gelatin sponge appears to be feasible and safe, and may contribute to decreasing IBL.
Citizens and Others
Authors: Bhambra Gurminder K.
Published: June 2015

Citizenship is one of the defining social and political categories of modernity. Its conceptualization is strongly tied to the emergence of nation-states and the structuring of international relations in terms of the sovereignty of nation-states. However, it is also predicated upon a deeper, racialized structuring of the social world, which rarely informs debates about its constitution. In this article, I look at the ways in which citizenship has been understood, examine its dominant intellectual genealogy, and address its deeper racialized structures. I use the perspective of “connected sociologies” with which to undertake this task.
Methodology of selecting CAM software package for education based on a questionnaire
Authors: Abouelala M , Janan M Taha , Brandt-Pomares P
Published: June 2015

Selecting computer-aided manufacturing software that meets learners’ requirements in education is a difficult process. Selection of a wrong software package can turn out to be costly in terms of allocated learning time and adaptability of students to software packages used in industries. This paper presents a methodology to provide selection criteria in education based on the theoretical model of activity theory. The main identified factors allowed us to draw up a questionnaire. This questionnaire aimed at getting learning effectiveness consideration from a group of 50 students of higher education using computer-aided manufacturing software. The processing and analysis of the questionnaire data helped us to set general criteria for the selection of computer-aided manufacturing software to be used for education purposes.
Engineering education vs. teacher training of academics
Authors: Sroka Zbigniew J
Published: June 2015

The new strategy for the reform of European higher education expresses an important place for quality of teaching alongside the need to modernize structures and financial systems, as well as the research. In June 2013, the European Union high-level group presented a document describing the state of higher education emphasizing strengths and weaknesses. There were recommendations to improve the situation, addressed not only to both the teachers and the university authorities but also to public authorities responsible for higher education. On the basis of these recommendations, as well as many years of author’s experience, the paper discusses the various aspects of academic teaching in technical universities.