bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypocrisy and legitimacy in the aftermath of a scandal: an experimental study of stakeholder perceptions of nonfinancial disclosure
Authors: Bellucci Marco , Acuti Diletta , Simoni Lorenzo , Manetti Giacomo
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how stakeholders perceive the company's nonfinancial disclosure after a scandal has occurred. More specifically, the authors examine whether and how sustainability reporting practices in the aftermath of a scandal can influence the perceptions of stakeholders in terms of hypocrisy and legitimacy.

Design/methodology/approach

The present research represents a companion paper to another study in this issue that investigates the adaptation of companies' reporting behaviors after a scandal. The results of the initial qualitative study informed the subsequent quantitative study developed in this article. The authors build on the evidence of the main paper and perform a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment to examine how stakeholders perceive the actions of companies that aim to restore their eroded legitimacy through social, environmental and sustainability (SES) reporting.

Findings

The results suggest that when companies take responsibility and develop remedial, socially responsible corporate activities are perceived as less hypocritical and more legitimate. Moreover, we show an interaction effect between taking responsibility and developing remedial socially responsible actions on hypocrisy and legitimacy perception.

Originality/value

The present research takes advantage of an experimental design to investigate the effects of the adaptation of SES reporting from the perspective of stakeholders. The study provides insightful theoretical and practical implications for managers regarding how to handle a reputational loss and avoid perceptions of hypocrisy.
Digital-IIoTs spheres approach toward public development: an exploiting fuzzy-grey mathematical modeling of IIoTs spheres
Authors: Kang Da , Prabhu M. , Ahmed Ramyar Rzgar , Zhang Zhuo , Sahu Atul Kumar
Published: June 2021

Purpose

In the present era, executives are shifting keenly toward industrial Internet of things (IIoTs) spheres. It is observed that IIoTs spheres become a key for each industry to grow up and bear the largest entrepreneurship opportunities globally and is linked to improve the shifting sphere of publics (SSPs). The core objective of research work is SSPs, which is nexus on secondary objectives. The authors proposed the two DSSs ( decision support systems) to full fill secondary objectives as discussing: In case of first objective, the authors proposed a fuzzy-DSS, which assists the executives to identify the weak and poor performing IIoTs spheres so that performance of IIoTs spheres can be accelerated. In case of second objective, grey-DSS aids the same executives to evaluate and benchmark alternative partner under considered IIoTs spheres so that the best partner can be chosen by company 4.0.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted the significant systematic literature review and realistic empirical survey in the context of industry IIoTs spheres and extract the appropriate IIoTs spheres. Next, the authors built a framework by compiling the global standardized IIoTs spheres. The framework is utilized to build the two DSSs such as fuzzy- and grey-DSS (to full fill secondary objectives). The both DSSs are simulated by acting on a case study. The authors implemented the fuzzy set coupled with degree of similarity approach on proposing framework as a part of first case-objective and hybrid technique accompanied with grey set on same framework as a part of second case-objective, respectively.

Findings

A South African automobile parts manufacturing company is investigated as a case study company 4.0 for the prototype testing and simulation of DSSs. The performance gaps are computed and measured by subtracting each sphere's weight of functional units (FUs) from evaluated ideal weight. The weak performing spheres and FUs are suggested to be improved in future as a part of first objective. Next, A3 parts supplier/partner is advised as the best alternative by simulating the grey-DSS under IIoTs framework as a part of second case-objective. Both secondary objectives (two DSSs) are framed to attain the core objective (SSPs).

Originality/value

As discussed, the core objective of research work is to attain the SSPs, linked to secondary objectives. The research work integrates the knowledge and thinking of SSPs as well as IIoTs researchers to create the novel mathematical and statistical IIoTs in focusing on advance SSPs networks. The research work is momentous for entire Industry 4.0 companies, which troubles to bear more entrepreneurship opportunities (improving the SSPs) at global standard.
Social entrepreneurship and cultural contextualization: a review
Authors: Pounder Paul Alexander
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to provide insights into the conceptualization of social entrepreneurship and the extent to which culture affects it.

Design/methodology/approach

First, social entrepreneurship is conceptualized and then the research integrates Hofstede’s framework, with some consideration for Inglehart’s and Schwartz’s framework in exploring the effects of cultural values.

Findings

Seminal studies on social entrepreneurship delineated acting entrepreneurially and having a social mission but failed to consider cultural contextualization. After illustrating Hofstede’s, Inglehart’s and Schwartz’s frameworks for cultural dimensions, the research shows that different cultural dimensions can provide a better understanding of social entrepreneurship.

Research limitations/implications

This study has a limited scope as it relies on narrow conceptualizations of social entrepreneurship and culture.

Practical implications

Future national agendas should embrace varying notions of shared obligation across support institutions and enterprises as they attempt to address social problems across differing cultures.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the literature by providing an insightful understanding of the influence of culture on social entrepreneurship through integrating widely used cultural dimensions.
Exploring awareness and application of disaster risk management cycle (DRMC) from stakeholder's perspective
Authors: Ahmad Basri Siti Aisyah , Syed Zakaria Sharifah Akmam , A.Majid Taksiah , Yusop Zulkifli
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The disaster risk management cycle (DRMC) is a part of the important efforts designed to handle disaster risk. DRMC contains the following four phases: response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness. This paper aims to determine the awareness of stakeholder on DRMC and to explore the application of DRMC from stakeholder’s perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Disaster is an extreme event that causes heavy loss of life, properties and livelihood. Every year, Malaysia has been affected by disasters, whether natural or manmade. DRM is the management of resources and the responsibility for dealing with all aspects of an emergency. An effective DRM requires a combination of knowledge and skills. Questionnaires were distributed to the construction industry players and flood victims.

Findings

Results obtained on the basis of the survey revealed that a majority of respondents are unaware of DRMC. In addition, combination of professional and non-professional respondent’s perspectives in each phase of DRMC and effects of disaster are presented by the hierarchy.

Originality/value

The study of DRMC is commonly about the explanation or comparison of the concept but infrequently in the application of the DRMC. This study will fill the gap between theory and application of DRMC. The study aimed to determine whether the construction industry player and community aware of DRMC and to explore DRMC of flood event from perspective of industry players and flood victims. From this comparison, the management can create a better cycle of disaster management to handle various type disaster and to anticipate disaster risks.
Green supply chain management and organizational culture: a bibliometric analysis based on Scopus data (2001-2020)
Authors: El Baz Jamal , Iddik Sadia
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Along with rapid development in the green supply chain fields, questions have been raised about the direct effects of internal and external drivers. Recent evidence suggest that organizational culture is a prerequisite for the understanding of green supply chain management (GSCM). However, there has been limited examination of organizational culture in the green supply chain research area. The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) and organizational culture.

Design/methodology/approach

To do so, a bibliometric analysis is carried out. The search was conducted in the Scopus database by using different keywords. The records found were scanned and refined bringing the total number of documents to 46. A descriptive analysis covering influential authors, leading journals, contributing organizations and most popular words used in titles and keywords, using the Biblioshiny app, followed by a content analysis have been conducted.

Findings

The findings show the following: most of the influential studies were conducted by only a few researchers. The publications within the field started to increase during 2012–2020. It is worth mentioning, that the USA and UK universities have a strong research contribution among all, and there are seven core publishing journals that lead the field such as cleaner of production and sustainability. The content analysis revealed some aspects and shed light on two main topics: organizational culture as a driver or a barrier toward GSCM; and the organizational culture contribution role on the impact of GSCM on performance.

Research limitations/implications

This paper only addresses GSCM with organizational culture based on a small sample of papers. Furthermore, this study needs to be expanded with empirical research on the topic. It would be interesting to assess the effects of national culture within the same research area. More broadly, researchers may also need to explore the various databases instead of focusing only on Scopus database case of this paper, using various keywords.

Practical implications

This study plays an important role for managers and firms, and also this study is contributing in increasing the understanding of the role of cultural factors on implementing the GSCM practices and getting the highest benefits from it.

Originality/value

This paper holds significant contribution for scholars, especially for those who are interested in cultural issues within the management field, and for managers by enlightening a critical element to concentrate on for the betterment of green sustainability within their firms. Considering this, future research suggestions are identified.
Leadership credibility and change success: mediating role of commitment to change
Authors: Ouedraogo Noufou , Zaitouni Michel , Ouakouak Mohammed Laid
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of leadership credibility on employees' behaviours and attitudes towards organisational change through the lens of employee commitment to change.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a quantitative study in which 239 participants from diverse organisations participated.

Findings

Using structural equation modelling techniques, the results reveal that leadership credibility has a positive effect on both affective and normative commitment to change but a negative effect on continuance commitment to change. The authors also report that change success is positively impacted by affective commitment to change and negatively impacted by continuance commitment to change but is not significantly affected by normative commitment to change.

Research limitations/implications

Thus, the authors contribute to closing a knowledge gap in change management theory while making practical recommendations for leading people during times of organisational transition.

Originality/value

This study sheds light on the role of leadership credibility and employee commitment during organisational change.
Addressing plate waste and consumption practice at university canteens: realizing green university through citizen-consumers
Authors: Thongplew Natapol , Duangput Nadtaya , Khodkham Sasimaporn
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore ways to minimize plate waste at university canteens by studying plate waste and consumers at three main canteens of a university, Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

Using university canteens in Thailand as a case, plate waste was characterized and quantified and consumers’ insights concerning food consumption practices were examined through focus group discussion.

Findings

The results revealed that each consumer wasted edible food around 19 grams/meal. The generation of plate waste is affected by the food provision system, including canteen setting, food purchasing procedure and food quality. In addition, the presence of stray dogs in the canteens inhibited consumers from finishing up their food. Thus, improving the food provision system is crucial to engage consumers in achieving zero plate waste.

Originality/value

This research sheds some light on ways to engage consumers in sustainable consumption and contributes to the knowledge on plate waste and sustainable consumption in university settings. Improving food quality and canteen settings are of importance to better engage consumers. In addition, this research revealed that concepts of system of provision and citizen-consumers are practical to analyze sustainable transformations for green university initiatives.
Training competences in smart cities: an online program for higher education students
Authors: Adiego Joaquín , Martín-Cruz Natalia
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explain the development of an online training curriculum to enable students to acquire the transversal competences needed to work on smart cities projects. In this curriculum, a modern approach to the teaching-learning process was applied, suitable for the interdisciplinary and multinational learning challenges that smart cities impose, but within the framework of a university-industry European partnership.

Design/methodology/approach

To develop the curriculum, the competences needed for smart cities, common to all disciplines and fields, had to be researched. In addition, real smart cities projects also had to be selected for work following a project-based learning methodology. For both, this study applied the Delphi method, selecting the most relevant ones based on the data obtained by performing a multi-criteria decision analysis.

Findings

The procedure followed for the identification of transversal competences in a field, the design of an innovative online training program and the results of the first edition of the program are discussed.

Research limitations/implications

The processes that were developed, both to detect the most relevant transversal competences and to design the online training program, could be extrapolated to other areas. Moreover, it is very likely that the competences detected in this work could also be extrapolated, for the most part, to interdisciplinary teams.

Originality/value

To date, there is no European initiative addressing the challenges of smart cities that requires a major adjustment in higher education, in the relationship between universities and all the mechanisms of lifelong learning with the industry related to smart cities. This work is a pioneer in this regard.
Identification of critical factors for the implementation of reverse logistics in the manufacturing industry of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Yousaf , Zeb Khaqan , Babar Abdul Haseeb Khan , Awan Muhammad Asees
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to identify major barriers to the implementation of reverse logistics (RL). Also, the study addresses best practices among reuse, remanufacture, recycling, refurbishment and repair as alternatives for RL processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study targets supply chain management experts for their opinions regarding the identification of critical barriers and alternatives for RL implementation. Their opinions were extracted through a Web questionnaire based on 14 criteria with 5 alternatives. The tools of multi-criteria decision-making are used for analysis, i.e. fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS.

Findings

The results indicate that lack of recognition of competitive advantage to be gained through RL practice is the most critical barrier to RL implementation. The least barrier or major facilitator for RL is “supportive initiative for end-of-life products.” The top-ranked alternative in this study is reuse followed by remanufacturing. The least important alternative is “repair” in the case of Pakistan. These alternatives are ranked based on “qvalues” derived through fuzzy VIKOR.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this study can only be generalized for the manufacturing sector of Pakistan during the period of the study.

Practical implications

The findings of this study will assist managers in deploying the best practices concerning RL.

Originality/value

Fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS have not been applied to RL alternatives in previous research.
“Key challenges facing the rule of law in Hong Kong”
Authors: Hagiwara Ryuta
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to highlight key challenges to the rule of law in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach

This study deploys a historical and legal approach to explore the key challenges to the rule of law in Hong Kong. In particular, this paper analyzes legal conflicts in Hong Kong.

Findings

The findings show how the rule of law in Hong Kong has become a prominent battlefield of a constitutional struggle between Hong Kong Law and Chinese Law.

Originality/value

This paper hypothesizes that the conflicts arise from the different interpretations and conceptualizations of the rule of law between China and Hong Kong.
Reservoir Quality Assessment of the Upper Permian Chhidru Formation, Salt and Surghar Ranges, Pakistan
Authors: ZAHIR Muhammad , AWAIS Muhammad , GHANI Mukhtiar , MOHIBULLAH Mohibullah , SALAD HERSI Osman , JAN Irfan U. , AHMAD Sajjad , IQBAL Hamid
Published: June 2021

The Late Permian succession of the Upper Indus Basin in northeastern Pakistan is represented by the carbonate‐dominated Zaluch Group, which consists of the Amb, Wargal and Chhidru formations, which accumulated on the southwestern shelf of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, north of the hydrocarbon‐producing Permian strata of the Arabian Peninsula. The reservoir properties of the mixed clastic‐carbonate Chhidru Formation (CFm) are evaluated based on petrography, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The diagenetic features are recognized, ranging from marine (isopachous fibrous calcite, micrite), through meteoric (blocky calcite‐I, neomorphism and dissolution) to burial (poikilotopic cement, blocky calcite‐II‐III, fractures, fracture‐filling, and stylolites). Major porosity types include fracture and moldic, while inter‐ and intra‐particle porosities also exist. Observed visual porosity ranges from 1.5%–7.14% with an average of 5.15%. The sandstone facies (CMF‐4) has the highest average porosity of 10.7%, whereas the siliciclastic grainstone microfacies (CMF‐3) shows an average porosity of 5.3%. The siliciclastic mudstone microfacies (CMF‐1) and siliciclastic wacke‐packestone microfacies (CMF‐2) show the lowest porosities of 4.8% and 5.0%, respectively. Diagenetic processes like cementation, neomorphism, stylolitization and compaction have reduced the primary porosities; however, processes of dissolution and fracturing have produced secondary porosity. On average, the CFm in the Nammal Gorge, Salt Range shows promise and at Gula Khel Gorge, Trans‐Indus, the lowest porosity.
Reassessment of the Distribution of Mantle CO2 in the Bohai Sea, China: The Perspective from the Source and Pathway System
Authors: TANG Huafeng , GUO Tianchan , WU Keqiang , LIU Zilin , XU Jianyong , LU Baoliang , WANG Pujun
Published: June 2021

Research on the distribution of mantle CO2 should involve comprehensive analysis from CO2 source to accumulation. The crust‐mantle pathway system is the key controlling factor of the distribution of mantle CO2, but has received little attention. The pathway system and controlling factors of CO2 distribution in the Bohai Sea are analyzed using data on fault styles and information on the mantle and lithosphere. The relation between volcanic rocks and the distribution of mantle CO2 is reassessed using age data for CO2 accumulations. The distribution of mantle CO2 is controlled by uplift of the asthenosphere and upper mantle, magma conduits in the mantle and fault systems in the crust. Uplifted regions of the asthenosphere are accumulation areas for CO2. The area with uplift of the Moho exhibits accumulation of mantle CO2 at depth. CO2 was mainly derived from vertical migration through the upper mantle and lower crust. The fault style in the upper crust controls the distance of horizontal migration and the locations of CO2 concentrations. The distribution of mantle CO2 and volcanic rocks are not the same, but both probably followed the same pathways sometimes. Mantle CO2 in the Bohai Sea is concentrated in the Bozhong sag and the surrounding area, particularly in a trap that formed before 5.1 Ma and is connected to crustal faults (the Bozhang faults) and lithospheric faults (the Tanlu faults).
Revision to Kowalskia from the Houhecun Fauna and a New Discovery of Tscherskia (Cricetidae, Rodentia) from the Youhe Fauna of Weinan, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: XIE Kun , ZHANG Yunxiang , LI Yongxiang
Published: June 2021

The fossil hamster (an isolated m1) from the early Early Pleistocene Houhecun fauna found in Dali, Weinan, Shaanxi, China, originally identified as Kowalskia dalinica, is reexamined. Its unique characters, including a high crown, very small degree of division of the anteroconid and relatively large size, is taken as evidence of its attribution to the genus Sinocricetus, instead of Kowalskia (junior synonym of Neocricetodon) suggested by the original author. Therefore, the specific name of the species established based on this m1 should be changed to S. dalinicus (Wang, 1988). S. dalinicus probably has a relatively close affinity with S. major Li, 2010, but there are still some obvious differences of characters between them. The discovery of S. dalinicus in the Houhecun fauna confirms that the genus indeed survived into the Pleistocene. A broken hamster mandible, which was found in Weinan, Shaanxi, China and belongs to the late Pliocene Youhe fauna, is also described here and identified as Tscherskia sp. This specimen represents the earliest Tscherskia in Asia so far, but fails to refute the hypothesis that the genus originated in Europe during the early Pliocene.
Hand use development in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Klevberg Gunvor L , Jahnsen Reidun , Elkjær Sonja , Zucknick Manuela
Published: June 2021

Aim

To describe the development of hand use during bimanual activities among children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

A cohort of 166 children (79 females, 87 males; age range 18mo–13y, mean [SD] age at first assessment 37.6mo [20.5mo]) with unilateral CP, registered in the Norwegian CP Follow‐up Program with two or more Assisting Hand Assessments (AHAs), were included in this longitudinal study comprising 524 AHAs. Developmental limits and rates were estimated by non‐linear mixed effects models and compared between a stable limit model (SLM) and a peak and decline model. Development was described according to Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels and AHA performance at 18 months of age (AHA‐18).

Results

Children in MACS level I, or in the high AHA‐18 group, reached highest limits and had the most rapid development (p<0.001). The developmental trajectories were different between MACS levels I, II, and III and between the high, moderate, and low AHA‐18 groups. Seventy‐five per cent of the children reached 90% of their estimated limit at 5 years 10 months or earlier. The SLM showed the best model fit (Akaike information criterion: 4008.99).

Interpretation

Most children approached a steady performance limit before 6 years of age. Although children in MACS levels I and II reached 90% of the expected limit at 3 and 4 years respectively, the corresponding age was 8 years for children in MACS level III. The better model fit for the SLM indicates that children with unilateral CP maintain their attained limit of hand use to at least the age of 13 years.

What this paper adds

Development of hand use between 18 months and 13 years follows a stable‐limit pattern.

Most children reach a steady limit on the Assisting Hand Assessment before 6 years of age.

Manual Ability Classification System levels I, II, and III represent distinct developmental trajectories, level III having a slower rise.

Early hand use is an important indicator of future development.
Attitudes to work and time spent unemployed across 30 years
Authors: Dunn Andrew
Published: June 2021

Empirical studies have not previously related people's work attitudes to their chances of being unemployed for a substantial proportion of their lives. This study uses 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts to show that responses to attitude questions offering a choice between an unattractive or disliked job and joblessness rival established unemployment risk variables as predictors of time spent unemployed between ages 16 and 46. The findings may help justify the provisions of the Welfare Reform Act 2012 for compelling unemployed benefit claimants to apply for, and subsequently retain, jobs they would otherwise have ruled out.
Sovereign wealth funds: A potential solution to market failure and government failure
Authors: Broughel James
Published: June 2021

Sovereign wealth funds have gained popularity amongst both national and subnational governments. These funds have a useful role even in those countries lacking abundant natural resources, as they can address several significant failures of both private markets and governments. First, well‐structured funds may be able to address chronic under‐saving in the marketplace. Second, they can overcome certain imperfect knowledge and incentive problems found in government. The current record of accomplishment of sovereign wealth funds shows that they are capable of producing strong returns, comparable to those in the private sector. However, these funds pose potential problems that should be analysed and considered.
Changes in Italy's education‐related digital divide
Authors: Di Pietro Giorgio
Published: June 2021

This article examines differences in home computer and internet access among Italian households between 2005 and 2016. The results indicate that while computer and internet penetration has increased across all educational levels and geographical areas, digital inequalities related to education still persist and are substantial, especially in the South. Additionally, the findings suggest that the digital gap at the bottom of the education distribution is widening over time. Access among households whose reference person has primary education or less lags behind that of households with lower secondary education. Policy measures to promote and support the adoption of digital technologies among the most educationally disadvantaged households may need to be strengthened.
Erenumab treatment for migraine prevention in Japanese patients: Efficacy and safety results from a Phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Takeshima Takao , Sakai Fumihiko , Hirata Koichi , Imai Noboru , Matsumori Yasuhiko , Yoshida Ryuji , Peng Cheng , Cheng Sunfa , Mikol Daniel D.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Erenumab is a human anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor monoclonal antibody approved for migraine prevention. Global studies have demonstrated its efficacy in chronic and episodic migraine (EM). Here we report the outcomes from a Phase 3 study of erenumab in Japanese patients with chronic migraine (CM) or EM.

Methods

Japanese patients with EM (<15 headache days/month, including ≥4 migraine days/month) or CM (≥15 headache days/month, including ≥8 migraine days/month) were randomized 1:1 to placebo or erenumab 70 mg once monthly for a 24‐week double‐blind treatment phase (DBTP). The primary endpoint of change from baseline in mean monthly migraine days (MMD) over months 4, 5, and 6 of the DBTP was compared between erenumab and placebo groups. Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints were also assessed.

Results

A total of 261 patients were randomized to placebo (n = 131) or erenumab 70 mg (n = 130); all patients were included in the efficacy and safety analyses. The mean (standard deviation) MMD at baseline was 11.84 (5.70) for the placebo group and 12.40 (5.99) for erenumab 70 mg. The mean (standard error) change in MMD was –1.98 (0.38) for the placebo group (n = 131) and –3.60 (0.38) for erenumab 70 mg (n = 130). The difference in MMD reduction between groups was −1.67 (95% CI: –2.56, –0.78, p < 0.001) for EM and –1.57 (95% CI: –3.39, 0.24, p = 0.089) for CM. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with earlier studies. The most frequent AEs (placebo, erenumab) were nasopharyngitis (28.2% and 26.9%, respectively), back pain (4.6% and 5.4%), and constipation (0.8% and 4.6%).

Conclusion

Treatment with erenumab 70 mg once monthly demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety findings in Japanese patients with EM or CM.
Coping with crisis: The paradox of technology and consumer vulnerability
Authors: Yap Sheau‐Fen , Xu Yingzi , Tan LayPeng
Published: June 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has created unprecedented disruptions in consumers’ daily lives. Regulations imposing social distancing, quarantine and full‐scale lockdowns have heightened the risks amongst vulnerable consumer groups such as the elderly and socially or financially disadvantaged. However, these restrictions have also caused transitory vulnerability in many people who are not considered vulnerable under normal circumstances. Digital technology has become central to almost every aspect of consumers’ lives in response to restriction measures and in coping with pandemic‐induced stress and anxiety. Technology‐mediated consumption as a coping strategy amidst a crisis is an under‐researched topic within the marketing literature. This paper discusses four paradoxes of technology central to understanding the nexus between technology consumption and consumer vulnerability. We propose a comprehensive research agenda and call for future research that could overcome the limitations of traditional research designs. Our work serves as a springboard for future scholarship and opens doors for other researchers to continue exploring this critical research area.
The well‐being and voice of migrant workers in participatory organizational interventions
Authors: Le Huong , Nielsen Karina , Noblet Andrew
Published: June 2021

Organizational interventions that draw on participatory processes to tap into the views of workers can benefit both the health of workers and their organizations. However, the frameworks used to develop participatory organizational interventions are often described in a generic, ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ manner. Considering the specific needs of diverse groups such as migrants is important, given current migration rates globally. Using the literature of migrant voice, cross‐cultural management, organizational change and organizational intervention, this paper extends the research by applying theoretical insights into identify specific strategies that enable migrant workers to have a genuine voice in organizational interventions. The paper further contributes to the literature by proposing a participatory intervention framework that organizations can implement to maximize the voice of migrant workers and subsequently improve their well‐being. The directions of future organizational intervention research involving migrant workers and implications for integration policy, integration support systems and unionization are discussed.
Impact of the encapsulated salt characteristics on its release from multiple W/O/W emulsions
Authors: Herzi Sameh , Essafi Wafa
Published: June 2021

W/O/W emulsions based on Miglyol oil and stabilized by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and sodium caseinate were prepared with similar characteristics in terms of internal droplet diameter, oil globule diameter, internal aqueous fraction and fat globules fraction. The emulsions differ only by the nature of the encapsulated salt in the inner aqueous droplets. The release of each encapsulated salt from the internal to the external aqueous phase was followed during 30 days at 25°C, showing for all cases that the double structure was preserved with time and the release increased during storage, mainly according to diffusion/permeation mechanism and resulting in a competition between the chelation and the hydration enthalpy of the salt. Double emulsions encapsulating different Magnesium salts have shown that the release depends strongly on the anion via its magnesium chelation and its hydration enthalpy. Indeed, as the complexation constant of Mg2+ with its counterion increases, the leakage decreases. On the other hand, as the hydration enthalpy of Mg2+ counterion decreases, the leakage decreases too. Likewise, double emulsions encapsulating different chloride salts have shown that the release depends also on the cation via its hydration enthalpy and its chelation with caseinate affecting accordingly the stiffening of the globule/water interface, more pronounced for bivalent than for monovalent cations. It was thus directly highlighted that the release from W/O/W emulsions was well controlled by the characteristics of the salt, and anion and cation diffuse accompanied at a rate ensuring the electroneutrality of the diffusive species. These results are very useful not only in term of fundamental understanding but also on application level, especially for food supplementation such as of dairy product.

Practical applications

The search for an innovative functional effect can lead to food supplementation with bioactive substances which can be either molecules or living bioactive cells. However, the direct addition of these substances to food can induce chemical degradation, aggregation of proteins and generate an unpleasant taste. These drawbacks can be avoided or at least reduced by encapsulation. Despite their thermodynamic instability, W/O/W emulsions are promising systems for encapsulation of hydrophilic species in their internal aqueous phase and hence find applications among others in food for taste masking or supplementation. The release of the encapsulated species to the external aqueous phase should be controlled, depending on the desired application. The release depends also on the characteristics of the encapsulated salt. A better understanding of its impact on the stability of the double emulsion will allow targeting formulation of stable emulsions and hence contributing to their better industrial development.
PUMA – An open‐source 3D‐printed direct vision microscope with augmented reality and spatial light modulator functions
Authors: Tadrous Paul J.
Published: June 2021

3D‐printed microscopes are a topical emerging field in the literature. However most microscopes presented to date are quite novel re‐imaginings of the microscope's mechanical design and they are either solely dependent on, or primarily geared towards, camera‐based observations rather than ergonomic direct vision screening through an ocular lens. The reliance on camera, computer and monitor for observation introduces a compromise between portability, cost and the quality of an instant wide field of view.

In this report, I introduce the Portable Upgradeable Modular and Affordable (PUMA) microscope which is an open‐source 3D‐printed multimodality microscope that employs a traditional upright design for ease of human direct visual observations and slide screening. PUMA uses standard RMS or C‐mount objectives, with a tube length 160 mm, 170 mm or infinity and wide field high eye point ocular lenses. PUMA can use simple mirror‐based illumination or can be configured to a full Köhler system with Abbe condenser for high numerical aperture observations including oil immersion. PUMA also has advanced digital/optical imaging features such as a digital spatial light modulator and – unique to any 3D printed microscope to date – an augmented reality heads‐up display for interactive calibrated measurements. Digital camera imaging can also be used with PUMA – in fact PUMA can take up to three separate digital cameras simultaneously. PUMA can also function as a direct vision multi‐header microscope for teaching or discussion. The illumination system is also modular and includes transillumination, epi‐illumination, fluorescence, polarisation, dark ground and also Schlieren‐based phase contrast and other Fourier optics filtering modalities. All these advanced features are available through an on‐board, battery operated, microprocessor so no mains supply, smartphone, network connection, PC or external monitor are required making PUMA a truly portable system suitable for remote field work.
Metabolic dysfunction in OSA: Is there something new under the sun?
Authors: Almendros Isaac , Basoglu Özen K. , Conde Silvia V. , Liguori Claudio , Saaresranta Tarja
Published: June 2021

The growing number of patients with obstructive sleep apnea is challenging healthcare systems worldwide. Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxaemia, episodes of apnea and hypopnea, and fragmented sleep. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are common in obstructive sleep apnea, also in lean patients. Further, comorbidity burden is not unambiguously linked to the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. There is a growing body of evidence revealing diverse functions beyond the conventional tasks of different organs such as carotid body and gut microbiota. Chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep loss due to sleep fragmentation are associated with insulin resistance. Indeed, carotid body is a multi‐sensor organ not sensoring only hypoxia and hypercapnia but also acting as a metabolic sensor. The emerging evidence shows that obstructive sleep apnea and particularly chronic intermittent hypoxia is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut dysbiosis seems to be an important factor in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea and its consequences. The impact of sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia on the development of metabolic syndrome may be mediated via altered gut microbiota. Circadian misalignment seems to have an impact on the cardiometabolic risk in obstructive sleep apnea. Dysfunction of cerebral metabolism is also related to hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Therefore, obstructive sleep apnea may alter cerebral metabolism and predispose to neurocognitive impairment. Moreover, recent data show that obstructive sleep apnea independently predicts impaired lipid levels. This mini‐review will provide novel insights into the mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea combining recent evidence from basic, translational and clinical research, and discuss the impact of positive airway pressure treatment on metabolic disorders.
Simulated driving performance in healthy adults after night‐time administration of 20 mg tasimelteon
Authors: Torres Rosarelis , Fisher Michaela , Birznieks Gunther , Polymeropoulos Christos , Kay Gary G. , Xiao Changfu , Polymeropoulos Mihael H.
Published: June 2021

An impairment in next day driving performance has been reported for almost every drug currently United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for improvement of sleep in chronic and transient insomnia. Tasimelteon, a melatonin receptor agonist, demonstrated significant improvements in night‐time sleep, daytime naps, and sleep timing in non‐24‐hr sleep–wake disorder (Non‐24) by entraining these patients to a 24‐hr day as measured by melatonin and cortisol rhythms. Given this new mechanism of action of entraining the biological clock, we conducted a study to evaluate the potential effect tasimelteon may have on the ability to operate a motor vehicle. The study was conducted in 48 healthy adult subjects using a randomised, double‐blind, placebo and active (zopiclone 7.5 mg) controlled study with a 3‐period cross‐over design. Driving performance was assessed by measuring standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) using the validated Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator‐MiniSim. The difference in least square mean SDLP for tasimelteon was 1.22 cm reflecting a non‐significant increase in SDLP change from placebo (p = .1119). In contrast, treatment with the active control, zopiclone 7.5 mg, was associated with a meaningful and significant increase in SDLP, change from placebo for zopiclone was 4.14 cm (p < .0001). The lack of clinically meaningful and statistically significant finding with tasimelteon was further supported by the symmetry analysis, which showed the distribution of within‐subject differences between tasimelteon and placebo was symmetric about zero. At the FDA‐approved 20 mg dose to treat Non‐24, tasimelteon did not impair next‐day driving performance compared to placebo in adult healthy volunteers.
The effect of distal‐end trimming onSaccharina latissimamorphology, composition, and productivity
Authors: Grebe Gretchen S. , Byron Carrie J. , Brady Damian C. , St. Gelais Adam T. , Costa‐Pierce Barry A.
Published: June 2021

As kelp cultivation increases around the world, so does the need for farm management strategies that produce specific crop characteristics, optimize yield, widen harvesting windows, and prevent biomass loss. Distal‐end trimming of macroalgae has been recommended as a farm management method addressing these needs. In this study, we trimmed cultivatedSaccharina latissimasporophytes grown in the Western Gulf of Maine (WGoM) to 60 cm above the stipe–blade interface. We characterized the effect of trimming on the morphology, tissue nutrient content, stable isotope ratio, and nitrate reductase activity of the kelp. We also evaluated the economic trade‐offs of trimming using a simple production model. The results suggest that trimming the blade to 60 cm may have minimal biological consequences. Additionally, the trimming appears to benefit “short” kelp blades in proximity to the trimmed blades. Daily yield (% increase in weight day−1) after trimming was initially lower than the control, but late‐season daily yields and crop‐retention following storms were markedly improved. Ultimately, we conclude that growers could use trimming to acquire kelp biomass earlier in the season, retain late‐season biomass, and potentially increase the total revenue gained from kelp farming if price premiums can be exacted for this biomass.
Estrogens in polycystic liver disease: A target for future therapies?
Authors: Aapkes Sophie E. , Bernts Lucas H. P. , Barten Thijs R. M. , van den Berg Marjan , Gansevoort Ron T. , Drenth Joost P. H.
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims

Patients suffering from polycystic liver disease (PLD) can develop large liver volumes, leading to physical and psychological complaints, reducing quality of life. There is an unmet need for new therapies in these patients. Estrogen seems to be a promising target for new therapies. In this review, we summarize the available experimental and epidemiological evidence to unravel the role of estrogens and other female hormones in PLD, to answer clinical questions and identify new targets for therapy.

Methods

We identified all experimental and epidemiologial studies concerning estrogens or other female hormones and PLD, to answer pre‐defined clinial questions.

Results

Female sex is the most important risk factor for the presence and severity of disease; estrogen supplementation enhances liver growth and after menopause, liver growth decreases. Experimental studies show the presence of the estrogen receptors alfa and beta on cystic cholangiocytes, and increased in vitro growth after administration of estrogen.

Conclusions

Based on the available evidence, female PLD patients should be discouraged from taking estrogen‐containing contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Since liver growth rates decline after menopause, treatment decisions should be based on measured liver growth in postmenopausal women. Finally, blockage of estrogen receptors or estrogen production is a promising target for new therapies.
Early predation risk shapes adult learning and cognitive flexibility
Authors: Vila Pouca Catarina , Mitchell David J. , Lefèvre Jérémy , Vega‐Trejo Regina , Kotrschal Alexander
Published: June 2021

Predation risk during early ontogeny can impact developmental trajectories and permanently alter adult phenotypes. Such phenotypic plasticity often leads to adaptive changes in traits involved in anti‐predator responses. While plastic changes in cognition may increase survival, it remains unclear whether early predation experience shapes cognitive investment and drives developmental plasticity in cognitive abilities. Here, we show that predation risk during early ontogeny induces developmental plasticity in two cognitive domains. We reared female guppies Poecilia reticulata with and without predator cues and tested their adult cognitive abilities. We found that females reared under simulated predation took longer to learn a simple association task, yet outperformed animals reared without predation threat in a reversal learning task testing cognitive flexibility. These results show that predation pressure during ontogeny shapes adult cognitive abilities, which we argue is likely to be adaptive. Our study highlights the important role of predator‐mediated developmental plasticity on cognitive investment in natural populations and the general role of plasticity in cognitive performance.
Clinical and dermoscopic characterization of pediatric Spitz nevi of the ear
Authors: Vaccaro Mario , Marafioti Ilenia , Giuffrida Roberta , Borgia Francesco , Zalaudek Iris
Published: June 2021

Spitz nevi of special sites, such as the ear, appear rarely and pose a challenge with worrisome clinical, dermoscopic, or histopathological features. Our aim was to evaluate the morphological findings of a series of Spitz nevi of the ear in order to obtain more knowledge about their clinical‐dermoscopic patterns. Of a total of six cases, three main dermoscopic structures were found: pseudonetwork, structureless areas, and cobblestone pattern. Our preliminary findings suggest that dermoscopy may be helpful in improving the diagnostic accuracy of Spitz nevus of the ear and minimize surgery in a sensitive location.