bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CCNF is a potential pancancer biomarker and immunotherapy target
Authors: Wei Lifang , Li Huiming , Xiao Mengjun , Zhou Cuiling , Liu Jiliang , Weng Shilian , Wei Ruda
Published: April 2023

Background

CCNF catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin molecules from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to target proteins, thereby regulating the G1/S or G2/M transition of tumor cells. Thus far, CCNF expression and its potential as a pancancer biomarker and immunotherapy target have not been reported.

Methods

TCGA datasets and the R language were used to analyze the pancancer gene expression, protein expression, and methylation levels of CCNF; the relationship of CCNF expression with overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), immune matrix scores, sex and race; and the mechanisms for posttranscriptional regulation of CCNF.

Results

CCNF expression analysis showed that CCNF mRNA expression was higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues in the BRCA, CHOL, COAD, ESCA, HNSC, LUAD, LUSC, READ, STAD, and UCEC; CCNF protein expression was also high in many cancer tissues, indicating that it could be an important predictive factor for OS and RFS. CCNF overexpression may be caused by CCNF hypomethylation. CCNF expression was also found to be significantly different between patients grouped based on sex and race. Overexpression of CCNF reduces immune and stromal cell infiltration in many cancers. Posttranscriptional regulation analysis showed that miR-98-5p negatively regulates the expression of the CCNF gene.

Conclusion

CCNF is overexpressed across cancers and is an adverse prognostic factor in terms of OS and RFS in many cancers; this phenomenon may be related to hypomethylation of the CCNF gene, which could lead to cancer progression and worsen prognosis. In addition, CCNF expression patterns were significantly different among patients grouped by sex and race. Its overexpression reduces immune and stromal cell infiltration. miR-98-5p negatively regulates CCNF gene expression. Hence, CCNF is a potential pancancer biomarker and immunotherapy target.
Predicting hypercapnia and hypoxia by the ventilator's built-in software in children on long-term non-invasive ventilation: A pilot study
Authors: Mentens Xante , Vanhees Janne , Paulussen Jolien , Installé Sophie , Van Ostaeyen Anse , Ides Kris , Jouret Nathalie , Van Hoorenbeeck Kim , Verhulst Stijn
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Follow-up of children on long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) could be improved by telemonitoring, using the ventilator's built-in software (BIS) parameters as alternative for in-hospital sleep studies to reduce costs, enhance patient independence and contribute to early detection of infections. This pilot study investigated whether analysis of BIS parameters can predict abnormal nocturnal transcutaneous CO2 (TcCO2) and saturation (SpO2) measurements in children on long-term NIV.

Methods

Children on long-term NIV in follow-up at the Antwerp University Hospital were retrospectively included. Nocturnal TcCO2 and SpO2 measurements were collected together with BIS parameters at three different time points: the night of the sleep study (BIS1), mean values from 48 h (BIS2) and 72 h (BIS3) before the sleep study. Predictions were calculated for following outcome measures: % recording time TcCO2 > 46.9 mmHg (%RT TcCO2; abnormal if ≥2%), recording time SpO2 < 93% (RT SpO2; abnormal if >1 h), abnormal TcCO2 or SpO2, mean TcCO2, mean SpO2.

Results

69 patients were included. %RT TcCO2 was separately predicted by reached tidal volume2 [OR 0.97 (0.93; 1.00); p = 0.051; AUC = 30%] and reached IPAP1 [OR 1.05 (1.00; 1.10); p = 0.050; AUC = 66%]. Leak1 predicted RT SpO2 [OR 1.21 (1.02; 1.43); p = 0.025; AUC = 84%]. Mean TcCO2 correlated with reached tidal volume2 (R2 0.10, p = 0.033).

Discussion

Certain BIS parameters can predict nocturnal hypercapnia and desaturation in children on long-term NIV. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further investigate the predictive value of the identified BIS parameters.
An overview of natural products that modulate the expression of non-coding RNAs involved in oxidative stress and inflammation-associated disorders
Authors: Ngum Jubilate Afuoti , Tatang Fabrice Junior , Toumeni Michelle Hako , Nguengo Sarah Ngate , Simo Ulrich Stephane Fotso , Mezajou Cybelle Fodieu , Kameni Charleine , Ngongang Natacha Njike , Tchinda Maxwell Fofou , Dongho Dongmo Fabrice Fabien , Akami Mazarin , Ngane Ngono Annie Rosalie , Tamgue Ousman
Published: April 2023

Oxidative stress is a state in which oxidants are produced in excess in the body’s tissues and cells, resulting in a biological imbalance amid the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from redox reactions. In case of insufficient antioxidants to balance, the immune system triggers signaling cascades to mount inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress can have deleterious effects on major macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, hence, Oxidative stress and inflammation are among the multiple factors contributing to the etiology of several disorders such as diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which were once referred to as dark matter have been found to function as key regulators of gene expression through different mechanisms. They have dynamic roles in the onset and development of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases, therefore, are potential targets for the control of those diseases. One way of controlling those diseases is through the use of natural products, a rich source of antioxidants that have drawn attention with several studies showing their involvement in combating chronic diseases given their enormous gains, low side effects, and toxicity. In this review, we highlighted the natural products that have been reported to target ncRNAs as mediators of their biological effects on oxidative stress and several inflammation-associated disorders. Those natural products include Baicalein, Tanshinone IIA, Geniposide, Carvacrol/Thymol, Triptolide, Oleacein, Curcumin, Resveratrol, Solarmargine, Allicin, aqueous extract or pulp of Açai, Quercetin, and Genistein. We also draw attention to some other compounds including Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Canna genus rhizome, Fuzi-ganjiang herb pair, Aronia melanocarpa, Peppermint, and Gingerol that are effective against oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders, however, have no known effect on ncRNAs. Lastly, we touched on the many ncRNAs that were found to play a role in oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders but have not yet been investigated as targets of a natural product. Shedding more light into these two last points of shadow will be of great interest in the valorization of natural compounds in the control and therapy of oxidative stress- and inflammation-associated disorders.
Emerging role of ferroptosis-related circular RNA in tumor metastasis
Authors: Meng Yifei , Cao Jingdong , Li Yidan , Duan Saili , Zhou Zongjiang , Li Jinghe , Ousmane Diabate , Ou Chunlin , Wang Junpu
Published: April 2023

Tumor metastasis is an important factor that contributes to the poor prognosis of patients with tumors. Therefore, to solve this problem, research on the mechanism of metastasis is essential. Ferroptosis, a new mode of cell death, is characterized by membrane damage due to lipid peroxidation caused by iron overload. Many studies have shown that excessive ferroptosis can affect tumor metastasis and thus inhibit tumor progression. Recently, circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non-coding RNA, has been shown to be associated with the progression of ferroptosis, thus influencing tumor development. However, the specific mechanisms by which circRNAs affect the progression of ferroptosis and their roles in tumor metastasis are not known. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of circRNAs in regulating tumor ferroptosis and their mechanism of action through sponging miRNAS in various tumors, thereby impacting metastasis. This review helps elucidate the relationship and role of ferroptosis-related circRNAs in tumor metastasis and may provide future researchers with new ideas and directions for targeted therapies.
Biological effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate and AMPA on cardiac myoblasts
Authors: Arrigo Elisa , Gilardi Sara , Muratori Luisa , Raimondo Stefania , Mancardi Daniele
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Glyphosate is the active compound of different non-selective herbicides, being the most used agriculture pesticide worldwide. Glyphosate and AMPA (one of its main metabolites) are common pollutants of water, soil, and food sources such as crops. They can be detected in biological samples from both exposed workers and general population. Despite glyphosate acts as inhibitor of the shikimate pathway, present only in plants and some microorganisms, its safety in mammals is still debated. Acute glyphosate intoxications are correlated to cardiovascular/neuronal damages, but little is known about the effects of the chronic exposure.

Methods: We evaluated the direct biological effects of different concentrations of pure glyphosate/AMPA on a rat-derived cell line of cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) in acute (1–2 h) or sub-chronic (24–48 h) settings. We analyzed cell viability/morphology, ROS production and mitochondrial dynamics.

Results: Acute exposure to high doses (above 10 mM) of glyphosate and AMPA triggers immediate cytotoxic effects: reduction in cell viability, increased ROS production, morphological alterations and mitochondrial function. When exposed to lower glyphosate concentrations (1 μM—1 mM), H9c2 cells showed only a slight variation in cell viability and ROS production, while mitochondrial dynamic was unvaried. Moreover, the phenotype was completely restored after 48 h of treatment. Surprisingly, the sub-chronic (48 h) treatment with low concentrations (1 μM—1 mM) of AMPA led to a late cytotoxic response, reflected in a reduction in H9c2 viability.

Conclusion: The comprehension of the extent of human exposure to these molecules remains pivotal to have a better critical view of the available data.
Adaptive responses of cardiorespiratory system and hormonal parameters to individualized high-intensity interval training using anaerobic power reserve in well-trained rowers
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zhao Liqiu
Published: April 2023

The current study investigated the efficacy of individualizing exercise intensity according to anaerobic power reserve (APR) on hormonal, physiological, and performance adaptations in athletes with different profiles. Sixteen highly-trained male rowers (age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 183 ± 6 cm, weight = 83 ± 7 kg, body fat = 11 ± 2%, experience = 12 ± 5 years) were randomized to a high-intensity interval training consisting of 2 × (6, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10 repetitions from 1st to 6th week, respectively) × 60 s intervals using a rowing ergometer at ∆%30 APR (APR∆%30) or the same sets and repetitions at 130% maximal aerobic power (MAP130%). In both groups, relief intervals were set at 1:1 with 3 min of rest between sets. On four occasions separated by 24 h recovery, participants attended the laboratory to assess 2000-m rowing ergometer performance, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and related physiological adaptations, and hormonal parameters. Significant increases were observed in 2000-m performance, V̇O2max, ventilation at V̇O2max, first and second ventilatory threshold, MAP and maximal sprinting power (MSP), total testosterone, and testosterone to cortisol ratio in response to 6 weeks of APR∆%30 and MAP130% protocols. The coefficient of variation (inter-subject variability) in the adaptive response of cardiorespiratory parameters to HIIT performed using the APR∆%30 protocol was lower than those of the MAP130% group. However, this is not the case for hormonal changes. Prescribing HIIT based on an athlete’s APR may help to create a more consistent level of the mechanical and physiological stimulus relative to the athlete’s capacity, potentially leading to more similar adaptations across athletes with varying profiles. Mechanisms influencing total testosterone are multifactorial and are not affected by this approach.
Social trust and subjective well-being of first-generation college students in China: the multiple mediation effects of self-compassion and social empathy
Authors: Wang Qun , Zhi Kuiyun , Yu Baohua , Cheng Jun
Published: April 2023

Previous studies have found that subjective well-being is associated with social trust, self-compassion, and social empathy. Based on online fieldwork with 662 first-generation college students (54.7% male) in China, this study aimed to investigate the serial mediation effects of self-compassion and social empathy on the relationship between social trust and subjective well-being. The results showed that subjective well-being was significantly positively correlated with social trust, trust in people, self-compassion, and social empathy. Both self-compassion and social empathy partially mediated the relationship between social trust and subjective well-being, and fully mediated the association between trust in people and subjective well-being. We used a serial mediation model to estimate the effect of general social trust, including trust in people, on subjective well-being. The findings that self-compassion and social empathy mediated the relationship between trusting attitudes toward society, especially people, and subjective well-being expand the literature on social trust and the mechanism of social trust on subjective well-being. The results also highlight the significance of improving mental health education and intervention among first-generation college students in China.
Reliability and validity of the positive mental health literacy scale in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Liu Zhanfang , Yuan Fangru , Zhao Jin , Du Jianzheng
Published: April 2023

Background and aim

Mental health literacy (MHL) is not only the necessary knowledge and ability to promote mental health, but also an important determinant of mental health. Traditionally, the MHL Scale focuses on measuring knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders. In China, there are very few scales for assessing positive MHL. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the Positive MHL Scale (MHPK-10) in Chinese adolescents.

Methods

Chinese adolescents (n = 1,247) completed the MHPK-10 online. The validation included the translation and cultural adaptation of the MHPK-10 original version into Chinese and assessment of its psychometric properties: reliability—test–retest and internal consistency, construct validity and criterion validity.

Results

Participant’s mean score on the revised positive MHL scale was 3.75 (SD = 0.69) which was a unidimensional scale. The correlation coefficients between each item and the total score were between 0.639 and 0.753. Scale item loadings ranged between 0.635 and 0.760 based on confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.869, and the test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.721 (p < 0.01). Criterion validity was assessed by comparing results of the revised MHPK-10 against those of other validated scales and resulting correlations ranged between 0.342 and 0.615.

Conclusion

The revised Chinese version of the MHPK-10 has sound reliability and validity and can be used to measure Chinese adolescents’ positive MHL.
Depression and quality of life among Macau residents in the 2022 COVID-19 pandemic wave from the perspective of network analysis
Authors: Si Tong Leong , Chen Pan , Zhang Ling , Sha Sha , Lam Mei Ieng , Lok Ka-In , Chow Ines Hang Iao , Li Jia-Xin , Wang Yue-Ying , Su Zhaohui , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Feng Yuan , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: April 2023

Background

In the summer of 2022, Macau experienced a surge of COVID-19 infections (the 618 COVID-19 wave), which had serious effects on mental health and quality of life (QoL). However, there is scant research on mental health problems and QoL among Macau residents during the 618 COVID-19 wave. This study examined the network structure of depressive symptoms (hereafter depression), and the interconnection between different depressive symptoms and QoL among Macau residents during this period.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26th July and 9th September 2022. Depressive symptoms were measured with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), while the global QoL was measured with the two items of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Correlates of depression were explored using univariate and multivariate analyses. The association between depression and QoL was investigated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Network analysis was used to evaluate the structure of depression. The centrality index “Expected Influence” (EI) was used to identify the most central symptoms and the flow function was used to identify depressive symptoms that had a direct bearing on QoL.

Results

A total 1,008 participants were included in this study. The overall prevalence of depression was 62.5% (n = 630; 95% CI = 60.00–65.00%). Having depression was significantly associated with younger age (OR = 0.970; p < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 1.515; p < 0.001), fatigue (OR = 1.338; p < 0.001), and economic loss (OR = 1.933; p = 0.026). Participants with depression had lower QoL F (1, 1,008) =5.538, p = 0.019). The most central symptoms included PHQ2 (“Sad Mood”) (EI: 1.044), PHQ4 (“Fatigue”) (EI: 1.016), and PHQ6 (“Guilt”) (EI: 0.975) in the depression network model, while PHQ4 (“Fatigue”), PHQ9 (“Suicide”), and PHQ6 (“Guilt”) had strong negative associations with QoL.

Conclusion

Depression was common among Macao residents during the 618 COVID-19 wave. Given the negative impact of depression on QoL, interventions targeting central symptoms identified in the network model (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) should be developed and implemented for Macau residents with depression.
Combining attachment-based family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy to improve outcomes for adolescents with anxiety
Authors: Herres Joanna , Krauthamer Ewing E. Stephanie , Levy Suzanne , Creed Torrey A. , Diamond Guy S.
Published: April 2023

Increases in adolescent anxiety over the past several years suggest a need for trauma-informed, culturally responsive interventions that help teens cope with environmental stressors like those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Although abundant evidence supports the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating adolescent anxiety, not all teens respond positively to CBT. CBT does not typically include strategies that address important family factors that may be impacting the teen’s functioning, such as the attachment relationship. Attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) addresses the attachment relationship and other factors that contribute to the adolescent’s anxiety and related distress. By enhancing positive parenting behaviors, such as acceptance and validation of the adolescent’s distress and promotion of their autonomy, ABFT sessions may repair the attachment relationship and increase the family’s ability and willingness to engage in CBT tasks aimed at reducing anxiety. This theoretical paper describes the ABFT model and proposes that implementing ABFT sessions prior to CBT could result in better clinical outcomes for adolescents with anxiety disorders by improving the context within which the anxiety symptoms and treatment are experienced. Given that ABFT is sensitive and responsive to family and other contextual factors, adolescents from marginalized communities and those from less individualistic cultures may find the model to be more acceptable and appropriate for addressing factors related to their anxiety. Thus, a combined ABFT+CBT model might result in better outcomes for adolescents who have not historically responded well to CBT alone.
Transdiagnostic association between subjective insomnia and depressive symptoms in major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Nakajima Suguru , Kaneko Yoshiyuki , Fujii Nobukuni , Kizuki Jun , Saitoh Kaori , Nagao Kentaro , Kawamura Aoi , Yoshiike Takuya , Kadotani Hiroshi , Yamada Naoto , Uchiyama Makoto , Kuriyama Kenichi , Suzuki Masahiro
Published: April 2023

In psychiatric disorders, comorbid depressive symptoms are associated with clinically important issues such as reduced quality of life, a poor prognosis, and increased suicide risk. Previous studies have found a close relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD), and that actively improving insomnia heightens the improvement of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate whether the association between insomnia and depressive symptoms is also found in other psychiatric disorders besides MDD. The subjects were 144 patients with MDD (n = 71), schizophrenia (n = 25), bipolar disorder (n = 22), or anxiety disorders (n = 26). Sleep status was assessed subjectively and objectively using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and sleep electroencephalography (EEG), respectively. Sleep EEG was performed using a portable EEG device. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Subjective insomnia, as defined by the AIS, was associated with depressive symptoms in all disorders. Moreover, in schizophrenia, a relation between depressive symptoms and insomnia was also found by objective sleep assessment methods using sleep EEG. Our findings suggest that the association between subjective insomnia and depressive symptoms is a transdiagnostic feature in major psychiatric disorders. Further studies are needed to clarify whether therapeutic interventions for comorbid insomnia can improve depressive symptoms in major psychiatric disorders, similar to MDD.
Challenges of having a child with congenital anomalies in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative exploration of mothers' experience
Authors: Alqarawi Nada , Alhamidi Sami Abdulrahman , Alsadoun Ahmed , Alasqah Ibrahim , Mahmud Ilias
Published: April 2023

Background

Congenital anomalies in children lead to morbidity, mortality, or lifelong disabilities. Mothers of children with congenital anomalies face considerable obstacles in parenting their children because of their lack of knowledge about such health conditions, lack of family support, and lack of health, rehabilitation, and social care support. In Saudi Arabia, less attention are given to researching this important issue. In this context, the purpose of the study was to explore mothers' experiences and perceptions toward children with congenital anomalies.

Methods

We employed a qualitative phenomenological study design. We purposively recruited 10 mothers of children with congenital anomalies from different cities in Saudi Arabia. We interviewed the mothers with an in-depth interview guideline. The interview questions were designed to explore their perception of congenital anomalies in children and their experience of parenting and seeking health, rehabilitation, education, and social care services for children with such anomalies.

Result

Analysis of our data suggest that mothers of children with congenital anomalies face considerable challenges because of a lack of medical, rehabilitation, and social care support, lack of knowledge about these conditions and their management, lack of responsiveness of the healthcare providers, lack of support from the family and the stigma associated with such conditions. Consequently, mothers experience poor mental and social well-being.

Conclusion

Mothers are facing considerable challenges in raising children with congenital anomalies. Regular screening for early detection of congenital anomalies, counseling support for mothers, and improving healthcare providers' responsiveness, knowledge, and skills are necessary. In addition, appropriate awareness-raising programs need to be implemented at the community level to counteract the stigma and negative attitudes of the community toward children with congenital anomalies and their families.
Microarray patch for HIV prevention and as a multipurpose prevention technology to prevent HIV and unplanned pregnancy: an assessment of potential acceptability, usability, and programmatic fit in Kenya
Authors: Gachigua Sammy Gakero , Karuga Robinson , Ngunjiri Anne , Jarrahian Courtney , Coffey Patricia S. , Kilbourne-Brook Maggie , Otiso Lilian
Published: April 2023

Background

Microarray patches (MAPs), a novel drug delivery system, are being developed for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery and as a multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) to protect from both HIV and unintended pregnancy. Prevention technologies must meet the needs of target audiences, be acceptable, easy to use, and fit health system requirements.

Methodology

We explored perceptions about MAP technology and assessed usability, hypothetical acceptability, and potential programmatic fit of MAP prototypes using focus group discussions (FGD), usability exercises, and key informant interviews (KII) among key populations in Kiambu County, Kenya. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), female sex workers (FSW), and men who have sex with men (MSM) assessed the usability and acceptability of a MAP prototype. Male partners of AGYW/FSW assessed MAP acceptability as partners of likely users. We analyzed data using NVivo, applying an inductive approach. Health service providers and policymakers assessed programmatic fit. Usability exercise participants applied a no-drug, no-microneedle MAP prototype and assessed MAP features.

Results

We implemented 10 FGD (4 AGYW; 2 FSW; 2 MSM; 2 male partners); 47 mock use exercises (19 AGYW; 9 FSW; 8 MSM; 11 HSP); and 6 policymaker KII. Participants reported high interest in MAPs due to discreet and easy use, long-term protection, and potential for self-administration. MAP size and duration of protection were key characteristics influencing acceptability. Most AGYW preferred the MPT MAP over an HIV PrEP-only MAP. FSW saw value in both MAP indications and voiced need for MPTs that protect from other infections. Preferred duration of protection was 1–3 months. Some participants would accept a larger MAP if it provided longer protection. Participants suggested revisions to the feedback indicator to improve confidence. Policymakers described the MPT MAP as “killing two birds with one stone,” in addressing AGYW needs for both HIV protection and contraception. An MPT MAP is aligned with Kenya's policy of integrating health care programs.

Conclusions

MAPs for HIV PrEP and as an MPT both were acceptable across participant groups. Some groups valued an MPT MAP over an HIV PrEP MAP. Prototype refinements will improve usability and confidence.
A review of complex in vitro cell culture stressing the importance of fluid flow and illustrated by organ on a chip liver models
Authors: Wilkinson John Malcolm
Published: April 2023

The translation of new technology from development into widespread commercial use is a complex and time-consuming process that requires significant investment. This review looks at some important market needs for more complexin vitromodels, the technical difficulties that must be overcome, particularly those connected with introducing fluid flow using microfluidics, and also illustrates the economic benefits of more accurate models for drug toxicity. Beyond the strong ethical arguments for replacing the use of animals in drug safety testing and medical research, the author believes that financial benefits of adopting the newin vitrotechnology are becoming clear and will drive the adoption by industry.
Palmitic acid-modified GnRH-Th epitope peptide immunocastration vaccine (W/O/W adjuvant) can effectively ensure the castration and reduce the smelly smell in boars
Authors: Gao Huayi , Liu Kun , Zhang Lu , Wang Yongfang , Fu Xubin , Guo Yujie , Bai Mei , Shen Yanbing , Wang Min
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in inhibiting testicular growth and development in male animals to achieve castration while improving the meat quality of various livestock species, including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs.

Methods

In this research, a GnRH-Th vaccine was synthesized using the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis technique, and the T helper (Th) antigen was modified with palmitic acid to improve its efficacy. The vaccine was then coated with a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant to improve stability and safety. After passing safety and stability tests, the vaccine was administered to 13-week-old boars.

Results

The results showed that it was stable, safe, and effective for up to 15 months. Moreover, the vaccine did not negatively affect the growth rate and body weight of the pigs. The palmitic acid-modified “GnRH-Th epitope peptide immunocastration vaccine (Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W)) effectively reduced the testosterone concentration and achieved castration. The concentration of androstenone and skatole hormones significantly decreased, leading to improved meat quality in the boars. The boars were then slaughtered at 33 weeks of age, and the results showed that the meat quality of the vaccinated boars was superior to that of the non-vaccinated control group (p < 0.05).

Discussion

This study demonstrated that GnRH can safely and effectively achieve immune castration in boars after coupling T cell epitopes, palmitic acid modification and W-O-W coating. Provide a better method for the further development of GnRH and the realization of animal welfare.
On the Validity of the Normal Force Model for Steadily Revolving Wings: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Broadley Paul , Nabawy Mostafa
Published: April 2023

Aerodynamic characteristics of revolving wing models were investigated to assess the validity of the normal force model. Aerodynamic force and torque measurements were conducted for six wing planforms (with aspect ratios of 2 and 3, and area centroid locations at 40%, 50%, and 60% of the wing length) at three different Reynolds numbers (0.5 × 104, 1 × 104, and 1.5 × 104) and three thickness-to-chord ratios (3%, 4%, and 5%). Both early and steady phase measurements were extracted for a range of angles of attack relevant to insect flight. It was shown that the so-called “normal force” model conveniently captures the variation of the lift and drag coefficients along the first quadrant of angles of attack for all cases tested. A least squares best fit model for the obtained experimental measurements was used to estimate the key parameters of the normal force model, namely the lift curve slope, the zero-lift drag coefficient, and the peak drag coefficient. It was shown that the knowledge of only the lift curve slope and the zero-lift drag coefficient is sufficient to fully describe the model, and that clear trends of these two parameters exist. Notably, both parameters decreased with the increase in area centroid location. For instance, for steady measurements and on average, the lift curve slope for a wing with an area centroid location at 40% span was 15.6% higher compared to an area centroid location at 60% span. However, the increase in the zero-lift drag coefficient for wings with a lower area centroid location had a detrimental effect on aerodynamic efficiency assessed via glide ratio. Wings with a lower area centroid location consistently led to a lower glide ratio regardless of the change in aspect ratio, thickness-to-chord ratio, or Reynolds number. Increasing the aspect ratio decreased the zero-lift drag coefficient but generally had a slighter increasing effect on the lift curve slope. Increasing the Reynolds number within the range experimented decreased both the lift curve slope and the zero-lift drag coefficient. Finally, the effect of the thickness-to-chord ratio was mainly pronounced in its effect on the zero-lift drag coefficient.
Virtual Joint Motion Simulator Accurately Predicts Effects of Femoral Component Malalignment during TKA
Authors: Montgomery Liam , Willing Ryan , Lanting Brent
Published: April 2023

Component alignment accuracy during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been improving through the adoption of image-based navigation and robotic surgical systems. The biomechanical implications of resulting component alignment error, however, should be better characterized to better understand how sensitive surgical outcomes are to alignment error. Thus, means for analyzing the relationships between alignment, joint kinematics, and ligament mechanics for candidate prosthesis component design are necessary. We used a digital twin of a commercially available joint motion simulator to evaluate the effects of femoral component rotational alignment. As anticipated, the model showed that an externally rotated femoral component results in a knee which is more varus in flexion, with lower medial collateral ligament tension compared to a TKA knee with a neutrally aligned femoral implant. With the simulation yielding logical results for this relatively simple test scenario, we can have more confidence in the accuracy of its predictions for more complicated scenarios.
Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Patient with Bipolar Disorder and Its Relationship with Catatonia Spectrum: A Case Study
Authors: Dell’Osso Liliana , Bonelli Chiara , Nardi Benedetta , Amatori Giulia , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Carpita Barbara
Published: April 2023

According to several studies, the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ranges from 2.4 to 9.9 percent among adult mental inpatients. However, subjects with forms of ASD that fit in the high functioning spectrum may remain undiagnosed during childhood and adolescence without reaching clinical attention until they develop in adult life other psychiatric disorders, often characterized by treatment resistance and poor outcomes. The aim of this case report was to evaluate the role of an undiagnosed ASD in the mental illness trajectory and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications. We reported a case of a young man with an undiagnosed ASD that came to clinical attention only after the development of a severe manic episode with mixed and psychotic features and with catatonia in adulthood, despite meeting DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022) diagnostic criteria for ASD since early childhood. This case confirms the need of a timely identification of ASD in order to prevent the development of a mental illness trajectory and to improve the prognosis and the outcome. Moreover, on the heuristic level, this case seems to support the presence of a continuum between ASD and catatonia. In this framework, the use of a questionnaire based on a spectrum model, such as the AdAS Spectrum, could be useful in early diagnosis of ASD without intellectual or language impairment as well as in early detection of subthreshold conditions (broad autism spectrum phenotype or autistic traits), which represents a vulnerability factor for the development of various mental disorders.
Influence of Drop Viscosity and Surface Wettability on Impact Outcomes
Authors: Krishnan Ghokulla Haran , Fletcher Kevin , Loth Eric
Published: April 2023

To understand the effects of liquid viscosity and surface wettability on the outcomes for a drop impacting perpendicularly on a dry, clean surface at a normal temperature and pressure, experiments were conducted for a wide variety of droplets and substrate surfaces. These experiments included a range of receding contact angles (from ~18° to ~150°) and liquid viscosities (from 1 cp to 45 cp); the broadest such combination is yet published. The surface wettabilities were quantitatively characterized using a new set of definitions: superphillic (θrec < 30°), phillic (30° < θrec < 90°), phobic (90° < θrec < 150°), and superphobic (θrec > 150°). Six different outcome regimes were found (including a new beaded deposition outcome) as a function of Ohnesorge number, Weber number, and the cosine of the receding contact angle. The beaded deposition is a hybrid of the well-known splash and deposition outcomes. The critical Weber number that separates the outcome boundaries was found to be significantly influenced by both the Ohnesorge numbers and the receding contact angle. In particular, there is a consistent reduction in the critical Weber number from superphilic to philic to neutral wettability conditions. Interestingly, this same decreasing trend line continues from neutral to phobic to superphobic conditions, but instead, it separates the regimes of deposition and bouncing. At higher Weber numbers, an additional boundary regime was found between splashing and bounce, which also decreased as the surface wettability decreased. This same type of trend was seen for several Ohnesorge numbers, indicating that wetting characterization should be based on the contact angles for the combination of the droplet liquid and the surface. In addition, a new regime map for droplet rebound on superphobic surfaces was obtained from the present and previous results indicating (for the first time) that the total rebound generally occurs for Weber numbers between 2.2 and 32 with Ohnesorge numbers less than 0.17. Additional studies are recommended to explore an even broader range of test conditions (especially intermediate wettability conditions), the separate influence of advancing and/or hysteresis contact angles, and to include the effects of the inclination angle, gas pressure, and heat transfer.
Dynamic Simulation of a Pneumatic Transport Plant Powered by PV Panels and Equipped with Electro-Chemical Storage
Authors: Damiani Lorenzo , Revetria Roberto , Giribone Pietro
Published: April 2023

This paper focuses on an industrial application where renewable power produced by photovoltaic panels is exploited to feed a pneumatic transport plant. The proposed system requires the careful management of the energy flows involved since it includes the interaction with the electric grid and with an electrochemical storage (battery) rather than the correct choice of the photovoltaic panel and battery itself. A dedicated control system needs to be developed in order to accord together these energetic flows, also providing a degree of flexibility to implement different control logics. The methodology employed in the research is simulation, which through the construction of a model in Matlab Simulink is able to reproduce the behavior of the system components and their energetic interactions for a long time period. The aim of the research is to provide a tool for assessing the energetic convenience of different battery–PV panel combinations. Moreover, an economical assessment of the proposed system is provided and compared to the traditional setup. Simulation results show that the proposed system provides energy savings with respect to a traditional grid-powered plant. The economic assessment shows that the system becomes convenient over the traditional setup within a time frame compatible with an average PV panel’s useful life.
Comparison of Hydraulic and Aeration Properties of Peat Substrates Used to Produce Containerized White Spruce Seedlings (1+0) in Forest Nurseries
Authors: Boudreault Simon , Caron Jean , Lamhamedi Mohammed S. , Pepin Steeve
Published: April 2023

The physical properties of peat substrates from eight tree nurseries were characterized to determine bulk density, air-filled porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore effectiveness, relative gas diffusivity and chemical properties. There were significant variations among nurseries both in growth of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings (1+0) and substrate properties. Shoot dry mass and root collar diameter were negatively correlated with air-filled porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity, whereas root dry mass was positively correlated with bulk density. Seedling growth increased with increasing substrate bulk density up to ~0.11 g cm−3, above which value conditions may become limiting to plant performance. Our results suggest that there was no growth limitation due to restricted aeration (Ds D0−1 > 0.005 m2 s−1 m−2 s for all substrates except one) and that over-aeration reduced seedling growth under dry irrigation management.
Forest Gaps Slow the Humification Process of Fir (Abies faxoniana Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Twig Litter during Eight Years of Decomposition in an Alpine Forest
Authors: Wu Aomiao , You Chengming , Yin Rui , Xu Zhenfeng , Zhang Li , Liu Yang , Li Han , Wang Lixia , Xu Lin , Xu Hongwei , Hou Guirong , Liu Sining , Tan Bo
Published: April 2023

Litter humification plays a crucial role in organic matter formation and soil carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. However, how forest gap formation and gap size variation affect the litter humification process remains poorly understood. An eight-year in situ decomposition experiment was conducted to evaluate humus accumulation (humic substances, humic and fulvic acid), humification degrees, humification ratios and optical properties (ΔlogK, E4/E6 and A600/C) of Minjiang fir (Abies faxoniana Rehder & E.H.Wilson) twig litter in four gap size treatments in an alpine primitive forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, including (1) closed canopies, (2) small gaps (38–46 m2 in size), (3) medium gaps (153–176 m2 in size),and (4) large gaps (255–290 m2 in size). The results indicated that the accumulation of humic substances and humic acid in the closed canopies was significantly higher than that in the large gaps during the first two years of decomposition. After eight years of decomposition, there were significant differences in the humic substance accumulations and the values of ΔlogK and A600/C among the different gap sizes. Furthermore, twig litter was humified in the first 2 years of incubation, and the net accumulation of humic substances was ranged from −23.46% to −44.04% of the initial level at the end of the experiment. The newly accumulated humus was young (mature (type Rp) humus) and transformed to mature (type A) humus after 4–6 years of decomposition. Partial least squares (PLS) suggested that gap-induced variations in twig litter chemistry (i.e., contents of cellulose, lignin, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and the ratios of C/N N/P) mainly drove the process of twig litter humification. Our results presented here denote that the formation of forest gaps retard twig litter humification process, which might be detrimental to carbon sequestration in the alpine forest ecosystems.
On the Future Perspectives of Some Medicinal Plants within Lamiaceae Botanic Family Regarding Their Comprehensive Properties and Resistance against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Avasiloaiei Dan Ioan , Calara Mariana , Brezeanu Petre Marian , Murariu Otilia Cristina , Brezeanu Creola
Published: April 2023

Lamiaceae is one of the largest botanical families, encompassing over 6000 species that include a variety of aromatic and medicinal spices. The current study is focused on three plants within this botanical family: basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). These three species contain primary and secondary metabolites such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds, fatty acids, antioxidants, and essential oils and have traditionally been used for flavoring, food preservation, and medicinal purposes. The goal of this study is to provide an overview of the nutraceutical, therapeutic, antioxidant, and antibacterial key features of these three aromatics to explore new breeding challenges and opportunities for varietal development. In this context, a literature search has been performed to describe the phytochemical profile of both primary and secondary metabolites and their pharmacological uses, as well as to further explore accession availability in the medicine industry and also to emphasize their bioactive roles in plant ecology and biotic and abiotic stress adaptability. The aim of this review is to explore future perspectives on the development of new, highly valuable basil, summer savory, and thyme cultivars. The findings of the current review emphasize the importance of identifying the key compounds and genes involved in stress resistance that can also provide valuable insights for further improvement of these important medicinal plants.
Deciphering the West Eurasian Genetic Footprints in Ancient South India
Authors: Ahlawat Bhavna , Kumar Lomous , Cherian Parayil John , Sehrawat Jagmahender Singh , Rai Niraj , Thangaraj Kumarasamy
Published: April 2023

Since 2006, Pattanam coastal village of the Ernakulam District in Kerala, India, has witnessed multi-disciplinary archaeological investigations in collaboration with leading research institutions across the world. The results confirm that the Pattanam site could be an integral part of the lost ancient port of Muziris, which, as per the material evidence from Pattanam and its contemporary sites, played an important role in the transoceanic exchanges between 100 BCE (Before Common Era) and 300 CE (Common Era). So far, the material evidence with direct provenance to the maritime exchanges related to ancient cultures of the Mediterranean, West Asian, Red Sea, African, and Asian regions have been identified at Pattanam. However, the genetic evidence supporting the impact of multiple cultures or their admixing is still missing for this important archaeological site of South India. Hence, in the current study, we tried to infer the genetic composition of the skeletal remains excavated from the site in a broader context of South Asian and worldwide maternal affinity. We applied the MassArray-based genotyping approach of mitochondrial makers and observed that ancient samples of Pattanam represent a mixed maternal ancestry pattern of both the West Eurasian ancestry and the South Asian ancestry. We observed a high frequency of West Eurasian haplogroups (T, JT, and HV) and South Asian-specific mitochondrial haplogroups (M2a, M3a, R5, and M6). The findings are consistent with the previously published and ongoing archaeological excavations, in which material remains from over three dozen of sites across the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Mediterranean littoral regions have been unearthed. This study confirms that people belonging to multiple cultural and linguistic backgrounds have migrated, probably settled, and eventually died on the South-western coast of India.
Tweets That Matter: Exploring the Solutions to Maternal Mortality in the United States Discussed by Advocacy Organizations on Twitter
Authors: Aruah Diane Ezeh , Henshaw Yvonne , Walsh-Childers Kim
Published: April 2023

This study investigated maternal mortality solutions mentioned on Twitter by maternal health advocacy organizations in the United States. Using qualitative content analysis, we examined tweets from 20 advocacy organizations and found that the majority of the tweets focused on policy, healthcare, community, and individual solutions. The most tweeted policy solutions include tweets advocating signing birth equity, paid family leave, Medicaid expansion, and reproductive justice bills, whereas the most tweeted community solutions were funding community organizations, hiring community doulas, and building community health centers. The most tweeted individual solutions were storytelling, self-advocacy, and self-care. These findings provide insights into the perspectives and priorities of advocacy organizations working to address maternal mortality in the United States and can inform future efforts to combat this critical public health issue.