bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of the Decision-Making Module in the Personalized Choice of an Anticoagulant
Authors: Gorbunova E. V. , Duvanova S. P. , Filimonov K. M. , Mamchur S. E. , Makarov S. A.
Published: April 2021

Aim        To evaluate the effectiveness of the decision-making module in selecting an oral anticoagulant for patients with atrial fibrillation.

Material and methods        638 patients with atrial fibrillation aged 68.2±4.5 years were evaluated. The CHA2DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED, and 2MАСЕ scales, the creatinine clearance calculator, and the Morisky-Green questionnaire were used.

Results   311 (48.75 %) patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 138 (21.6%) had persistent atrial fibrillation, 44 (22.7%) had long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation, and 145 (22.7 %) had permanent atrial fibrillation. Mean CHADS2‑VASc scale score was 4.82; НAS-BLED scale score was 2.9; 2MACE score was 2.28; and compliance score was 3.52. 172 (26.9 %) patients were treated with rivaroxaban; 166 (26 %), with apixaban; 84 (13.2 %), with dabigatran; 210 (32.9 %), with warfarin; and 6 (1 %), with acetylsalicylic acid.

Conclusion            The developed decision-making module is based on scientific justification of personalized selection of the oral anticoagulant and updates the knowledge on major issues of prescription.
Incidence, determinants and outcomes of ventilator associated pneumonia in medical intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study from South Western India
Authors: Rao Shivaram , Bhat Nitin , Bhat Adarsha Gopadi Krishna , Hande H. Manjunatha
Published: April 2021

Background: Ventilators are being increasingly used in developing countries as a result of which complications like ventilator associated pneumonia is also increasing. Present study is being undertaken to evaluate the impact of risk factors and their changing trends for Ventilator associated pneumonia.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in mechanically ventilated patients of medical intensive care unit from October 2013 to April 2015.Results: In present study 166 patients receiving mechanical ventilation in a medical ICU were observed. Incidence of VAP in present study is 43.5 for 1000 days of mechanical ventilation. The risk factors that were significant in the study are organ failure (p=0.001), emergency intubation (p=0.001), reintubation (p=0.023) and COPD (p=0.026). The common organisms responsible for VAP were Acinetobacter (30%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%). The mortality was higher in VAP group (31.3%) compared to the non VAP group (15.7%).Conclusions: There is high incidence of VAP in the developing countries. The risk factors that were found to be associated with VAP in the present study were the presence of COPD, reintubation, organ failure and emergency intubation. VAP is associated with significantly increased duration of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality.
Clinico pathological profile of carcinoma breast in Odisha: a mining state of eastern India
Authors: Samanta Dipti Rani , Senapati Surendra Nath , Rout Suresh Kumar , Dash Tapas Kumar
Published: April 2021

Background: Carcinoma of the breast is the commonest malignancy in indian women. It is a serious health issue, producing increased mortality among indian women. Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease with wide difference in clinico pathological presentation in different parts of the world. This study had been undertaken to evaluate the clinico pathological presentation of carcinoma breast in Odisha which is one of the important mining belts of eastern India.Methods: It was a retrospective analysis of 1000 eligible histopathology proved non metastatic, post-operative carcinoma breast, treated at Acharya Harihar post graduate institute of cancer, a tertiary cancer hospital of Odisha. The data were retrieved with respect to clinical presentation, pathological finding, stage of the disease and receptor status of the cancer breast patients from the hospital records.Results: Among 1000 patients the mean age of presentation was 47.25 years, among them 99.2% of the patient were female. Upper outer quadrant lesion was 66.6%. 96.5% of patient presented with invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). Multicentricity was 1.9%. 36.5% presented with lympho vascular space invasion and 23% with perineural invasion. Mean tumor size was 4.24±2.07. 59.6% patient had lymph node involvement. Mean number of lymph node positive was 3.67. Extracapsular invasion was 19.9%. Majority of the patient presented with advanced stage of the disease. ER+, PR+, HER-2 neu negative breast cancer was only 21.5%, triple negative 47.9%, ER-, PR- HER-2 neu ± 15.2%, triple positive 9.1%.Conclusions: The patient of carcinoma breast in this part of world presented at younger age with advanced stage of the disease having triple negativity and HER-2 neu positive in a greater number of patients which are biologically aggressive, needs early detection and aggressive treatment.
Factors affecting the outcome of intestinal anastomosis: a prospective study
Authors: Shanker Vishnu , Kaul Roop Kishan , Rathore Abhishek Singh
Published: April 2021

Background: Anastomotic leak is one of the most dreaded complications after intestinal anastomosis. The prevalence of anastomotic leak is 0.5%-30% in literature and resulting mortality rate is 10%-15%. Various risk factors are known to be associated with it. This study was undertaken with the aim to identify and evaluate these predisposing factors.Methods: A prospective study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 at Teerthankar Mahaveer medical college and research centre, Moradabad. All patients undergoing hand-sewn gastro-intestinal anastomosis electively as well as in emergency were included in this study. The total number of cases studied were 80.Results: Post-operative anastomotic leaks were present in 10% and associated mortality was 100%. Increasing age was associated with leakage (p=0.02) and 75% patients with leaks were male. The following were observed to be significant risk factors associated with anastomotic dehiscence: diabetes mellitus (p=0.05), pallor (p=0.01), low haemoglobin (p=0.003), altered TLC count (p=0.008) low serum protein (p=0.001), albumin (p=0.001) longer operative time (p=0.02). Other predisposing factors like serum creatinine, hyperbilirubinema, elective/emergency surgeries, contamination of peritoneal cavity and time taken to perform the anastomosis were insignificant statistically.Conclusions: This study identified and assessed the various risk factors associated with anastomotic leaks and found age, sex, anaemia, sepsis, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, increased operative-time to be significant and we concluded that controlling these factors will help in minimizing the chances of anastomotic dehiscence.
A nova regulação do trabalho temporário do Brasil: ampliação do prazo
Authors: Iudes Maria Aparecida Carvalho , Oliveira Lourival José de , Ferrer Walkiria Martinez Heinrich
Published: April 2021

RESUMO: O objetivo do artigo consiste em analisar a prorrogação de prazo do contrato temporário nos termos da Lei nº 13.429/2017. As mudanças são bem recentes e a análise intenciona contribuir com as discussões sobre o assunto, visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre as transformações e as possíveis consequências dessas mudanças. A ampliação deste prazo nos contratos temporários poderá promover a precarização das relações trabalhistas, primeiro porque irá permitir que empregados temporários tenham menos direitos e poderão ganhar menos que os empregados que trabalham por tempo indeterminado e, segundo, porque os empregadores poderão preferir esse tipo de mão de obra ao trabalhador com contrato por tempo indeterminado, por terem menos custos. A mudança no prazo poderá não contribuir para que a taxa de desemprego seja reduzida por esse motivo. De forma diferente, poderá estabelecer uma modalidade de trabalho que se apresente de forma ainda mais precarizada. A metodologia de pesquisa foi a bibliográfica e a documental, com seleção de artigos e livros que versam sobre o assunto e seleção da legislação ora em comento.
Controle e Vigilância na Internet: Técnica computacional como mecanismo de engendramento de poder
Authors: Rodrigues Gustavo Alarcon , Marchetto Patrícia Borba
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem como diretiva analisar as formas de manifestação dos mecanismos de controle e vigilância exercidos pelas esferas estatais e corporativas sobre os indivíduos por meio da internet e suas tecnologias satélites. Em razão do encaminhamento disruptivo da sociedade atual, é possível constatar uma clara alteração em todas as dinâmicas sociais, inclusive na manifestação do poder, que passa a tomar novas modelagens dentro do ambiente programado, aberto e quase infinito da internet. Parte-se, portanto, de uma análise crítica da técnica, especialmente a computacional e informacional, para compreender sua manifestação enquanto ferramenta de dominação, compreender suas diferenças quando atuante sobre o mundo dos átomos e sobre o mundo dos bits para, dessa forma, encaminhar à compreensão dos novos modelos teorizados acerca do exercício do controle e vigilância no ambiente programado. O trabalho em questão tem como paradigma metodológico o método indutivo, tomando modelos teorizados por alguns pensadores como base para a compreensão dos modelos de controle no ambiente social. Importante ressaltar que há a adoção da revisão bibliográfica de obras, artigos e notícias relacionadas ao tema como suporte à metodologia optada.
Primo Levi e a centralidade da memória para repensar o Direito e a Justiça em tempos da neofascismos
Authors: Justino Diogo
Published: April 2021

Primo Levi é um dos escritores sobreviventes da Segunda Guerra mundial mais lidos e traduzidos no mundo. Seus textos deixam importantes aportes para comprender o fenômeno do fascismo, em suas diversas formas e épocas. A centralidade da experiencia da injustiça é tema fundamental para o sobrevivente e decisivo para a teoria do direito. Este trabalho pretende realizar uma leitura da obra testemonial de Primo Levi, buscando suas repercuções nos temas da Justiça, Direito, Culpa, Julgamento e Responsabilidade. Mobilizando pensadores como Reyes Mate, Giorgio Agambem, Nils Christie e Hannah Arendt, será possível obter uma visão mais acabada da relação deste autor com o conceito de justiça e apresentar chaves para repensar o Direito em sua forma-tribunal de responder aos conflitos e violências, desde uma crítica à noção de responsabilidade individual.
Betonarme Kiriş ve Kolonların Tersinir Çevrimsel Yükler Altındaki Kesme Dayanımına Betonun Katkısı Üzerine Deneysel Bir inceleme
Authors: AYDEMİR Cem , ESER AYDEMİR Müberra , ARSLAN Güray
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada betonun kesme dayanımına katkısı deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. İncelemeler, eğilme kırılmasıyla taşıma gücüne ulaşan toplam 12 adet kolon ve kiriş numunesiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yön değiştiren ya da yön değiştirmeyen plastik mafsal davranışının söz konusu olduğu kiriş deney numuneleri için temel değişkenler; basınç dayanımı, enine donatı aralığı, plastik mafsal çalışma biçimi ve kesme açıklığının faydalı yüksekliğe oranıdır. Sabit eksenel yük ve yön değiştiren çevrimsel yerdeğiştirme altında zorlanan betonarme kolon numunelerinde ise temel değişkenler; eksenel yük düzeyi ve kesme açıklığının faydalı yüksekliğe oranıdır. Deney numunelerinde yerdeğiştirme talebine göre değişken olarak ortaya çıkan beton kesme katkısı, başta Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği olmak üzere çeşitli tahmin modellerinin sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmalı olarak irdelenmiştir. Sınırlı sayıda karşılaştırma sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği kabulleriyle belirlenen beton katkısının kiriş numunelerinde ihtiyatlı, kolon numuneleri için ise kapasitenin üzerinde sonuçlar verdiği saptanmıştır.
Determinants of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding among Mothers in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Pradhan Subrat Kumar , Nayak Udayana , Sahu Samyak , Panda Alok Ranjan , Panda Jasmin Nilima
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Early initiation of breast feeding implies putting the newborn baby to the mother’s breast as soon as possible after delivery, preferably within one hour. Colostrum or ‘first milk’ which is secreted soon after birth helps build nutrient stores in the child and is rich in protective immunoglobulins for the child. Early initiation helps the child to learn suckling fast leading to early secretion of breast milk. We intended to find out the determinants of early initiation of breast feeding. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted from May to August 2019 in a tertiary care hospital. The sample size was 400. The study population consisted of mothers who delivered healthy term newborns in the obstetrics and gynaecology (O & G) ward of the hospital. Interview of the mothers was done using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Data entry was done on Microsoft Excel and analysis was done on Epi Info 7. RESULTS Mean age of the study participants was 25.66 ± 4.228. Majority of the respondents came from rural areas (61.25 %) and were homemakers (63.5 %). More than half the respondents had either middle or secondary school education. Previous information, mode of delivery, type of family, father’s and mother’s education and mother’s occupation were significant determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF). CONCLUSIONS The above study reveals some determinants of the practice of EIBF and efforts are needed in order to address these determinants, to improve this practice, especially in a tertiary care setup. KEYWORDS Breastfeeding, New-Born, Infant, Colostrum, Tertiary Healthcare
Incidence of Venous Thrombosis among Cirrhosis Patients and Study of Risk Factors Contributing to 90 Day Mortality
Authors: Shah Harjot , Lehl Sarabmeet Singh , Singh Pritam , Singh Kamal , Kaur Daljinderjit
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease causes an imbalance in the coagulation system, but available data on liver disease and risk of venous thrombosis are conflicting. Clinical studies are therefore needed to understand the prevalence and risk factors associated with mortality to decide appropriate care of these patients. We studied the incidence of venous thrombosis in three CTP (Child-Turcotte-Pugh) class of cirrhotic patients and associated risk factors predicting 90-day mortality. METHODS A cross sectional observational study of one-year duration was conducted at a tertiary-care teaching hospital among patients admitted with chronic liver disease. 150 hospitalised patients with cirrhosis were enrolled and followed up for 3 months. Incidence of thrombosis was recorded in different CTP subclass. Threemonth mortality rates in different subgroups were compared by using normal test of proportions. The association between types of thrombosis and CTP class of liver cirrhosis was studied using Mann-Whitney U test, a non-parametric test. Mortality association with various parameters was evaluated using non-parametric test. Pvalue of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Incidence of venous thrombosis in cirrhotic patients was 4 % in this study. Association of thrombosis with various clinical parameters and different CTP subclass was statistically non-significant. During the 3-months follow-up 24 patients died. Deceased had higher CTP score (mean CTP score - 9.58) as compared to survivors (mean CTP - 8.48) (P-value 0.049). Presence of ascites (Pvalue 0.037), higher serum urea (P-value 0.001), creatinine (P = 0.004), and total leucocyte count (P = 0.008) were significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Thrombosis in chronic liver disease (CLD) especially portal vein is common and presents a therapeutic challenge as these patients are also at increased risk of bleeding. Higher CTP score, serum creatinine, leucocyte count and presence of ascites in CLD patients at admission are poor prognostic markers. KEYWORDS Deep Venous Thrombosis, Chronic Liver Disease, Cirrhosis, Thrombosis, Portal Vein Thrombosis
Diaphyseal Tibial Nutrient Foramen in Goan Population - A Morphometric Study with Clinical Implications
Authors: a De Souza Fatima Maria , Prabhu Siddhesh Prakash , D Jai Krishnan
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Tibia is the weight bearing bone of the leg. Usually it has a single nutrient foramen located posteriorly near the soleal line and transmits a branch of posterior tibial artery. The nutrient artery is the principal source of supply to a long bone. We carried out this study to find out the number, size, location, position and direction of the diaphyseal nutrient foramen in dried human tibia in Goan population. METHODS The study was carried out on 66 unpaired dry human tibiae of unknown age, gender and without deformity in the Department of Anatomy, Goa Medical College, using sliding and digital Vernier callipers, 20- and 24-gauge needles. Hughes formula was used to compute foraminal index. The data was statistically analysed with SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Most of the tibia in our study had a single nutrient foramen. Majority of the nutrient foramina were medium sized and directed downwards in our study. In 81.42 % tibiae, the nutrient foramina were present in the upper 1 / 3 rd of the shaft and in 18.57 % in the middle 1 / 3 rd of the shaft of the bone. Almost all nutrient foramina in the upper 1 / 3 rd of posterior surface were situated lateral to the soleal line. We computed the mean foraminal index as 30.25 % with standard deviation of 6.14. CONCLUSIONS A proper knowledge of morphometry and topography of the nutrient foramen is of utmost importance to orthopaedic surgeons as the nutrient artery may get damaged if fracture line passes through the nutrient canal. Also, it will help the surgeon to conserve vascular supply while performing bone grafting and fracture reduction. KEYWORDS Nutrient Foramen, Morphometry, Foraminal Index, Soleal Line
Efficacy of Ultrasonography Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Perioperative Analgesia in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Kalabhavi Srinivas , Kanagali Revanasiddappa A , Nanjappa Bhuvanesa , Bhat Ravi , Makanavar Promod
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Erector spinae block is a paraspinal, fascial block that targets the ventral, dorsal rami and rami communications of spinal nerves. The present study was conducted to know the efficacy of ultrasound guided erector spinae block (ESP) block in preoperative analgesia among patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) attending a tertiary care hospital. METHODS The study was carried out on 596 patients from Jan 2015 to Jan 2020 who were indicated for PCNL. They were divided into two groups, group A (ESP = 373) and group B (intravenous-IV analgesia = 273). In the group A (N = 373), after induction of general anaesthesia, ESP block with 0.5 % bupivacaine and 1 / 200,000 epinephrine (single shot) was given at lower thoracic level (T10 - 12) and IV analgesia was given in group B. All patients were monitored for supplemental opioid requirement intraoperatively as assessed by their haemodynamic status (baseline change in heart rate-HR & mean arterial blood pressure-MAP). The primary outcome of the study was consumption of tramadol in 24 hrs. Pain assessment every 2-hour pre- and post-operatively using numerical rating (NR) scale was considered as the secondary outcome. Categorical outcomes were compared between study groups using chi-square test / Fisher's exact test; Pvalue of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant using IBM SPSS. RESULTS Most of them in group A were free of pain for 24 hours postoperatively with numerical rating scale score of < 3 and did not require any postop rescue analgesics. Only 1 patient showed numerical rating scale score of 4 around 16 hrs. after the surgery and was given tramadol. Supplemental opioid analgesic was not required by any of the patients during the entire intraoperative period. CONCLUSIONS ESP block is a favourable technique that results in very good analgesic effect preoperatively and also lessens the use of intravenous opioids and other analgesics. KEYWORDS ESP Block, PCNL Surgery, Tramadol, Kidney Stones
Comparison of Retinal Sensitivity by Automated Perimetry in Middle Aged Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Retinopathy - A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in West Bengal
Authors: Marlapati Abhinav , Ghosh Sambuddha , Majumdar Swati
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND We wanted to measure and compare retinal sensitivity in central 30 degree in diabetic patients, with and without diabetic retinopathy in different stages, evaluate changes in retinal sensitivity in relation to change in HbA1c values, measure and compare GCL thickness in various stages of DR with the help of optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS This observational, cross-sectional study involving 100 eyes of 100 middle aged (45 - 64 years) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (50 eyes without DR - group 1 & 50 eyes with DR - group 2) without any other ocular abnormalities was conducted in the outpatient and in-patient departments of department of ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre in West Bengal. Non-randomised sequential sampling was performed with corrected visual acuity better than or equal to 6 / 12. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c were estimated. Detailed ocular examination was performed using direct and indirect ophthalmoscope with + 20 D lens and slit lamp bio-microscope using + 90D lens. Retinal sensitivity was assessed by Humphrey visual field analyser by Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) standard strategy (30 - 2 programme). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) was performed in all patients. SPSS version 20 has been used for the analysis. RESULTS Among DR patients, 33 had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (male = 15, female = 18) and 17 had moderate NPDR (male = 7, female = 10). Mean age in DR (Gr. 2) and no DR (Gr. 1) group were 52.62 and 50.74 years respectively. Mean foveal sensitivity and mean retinal sensitivity decreased significantly (P-value 0.001 and 0.002 respectively) in group 2 patients. It further decreased with increased severity of DR. Mean ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GC + IPL) thickness in temporal quadrant decreased in DR group compared to no DR group with significant difference between the two (P-value < 0.001). Mean retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness was significantly reduced in DR group (P-value < 0.001). HbA1c mean in no DR (6.7 %) and DR group (8.07 %) and in mild (7.5 %) and moderate NPDR (9.17 %) shows significant association of poor control of blood sugar with severity of DR. CONCLUSIONS Retinal sensitivity decreased significantly in diabetes even without retinopathy as detected by automated perimetry. Significant decrease in retinal thickness as detected by OCT suggested that neurodegeneration occurs in diabetes even without retinopathy. So automated perimetry and OCT could be helpful in identifying persons at an early stage who are at risk of future vision loss due to diabetes. KEYWORDS Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinal Neurodegeneration, Retinal Sensitivity, Automated Perimetry, GCL + IPL Thickness, RNFL Thickness
Assessment of recreational potential of Sevastopol bays using bioindication methods
Authors: Sigacheva Т. В. , Chesnokova I. I. , Gostyukhina О. L. , Kholodkevich S. V. , Kuznetsova Т. V. , Andreenko Т. I. , Kovrigina N. P. , Gavruseva T. V. , Kirin M. P. , Kurakin A. S.
Published: April 2021

Aim. Study of a group of biochemical parameters of the hepatopancreas and gills of the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. and the functional indicator of cardiac system adaptivity of mussels from Sevastopol bays with different levels of recreational and anthropogenic impact.

Methods. Mussels were collected from four Sevastopol water areas (Kruglaya Bay, Kazachya Bay, Matyushenko Bay and Cape Khrustalnii) in autumn 2018. The bioindication methods used were based on application of functional (cardiac system adaptability) and biochemical indicators (antioxidant enzymes activity [AEA], aminotransferases, the alkaline phosphatase [AP], and products of the lipid peroxidation [LPO] and protein oxidation [PO]) of mussel tissues. The hydrochemical parameters of the investigated areas were determined.

Results. The anthropogenic impact on a complex of biochemical indicators of mussels at the sampling sites was shown. At the same time, low values of mussel heart rate (HR) recovery time (Trec) (less than 60 min.) in all sampling sites demonstrated the efficiency of biochemical changes in mussels and the possible use of all tested bays as recreational areas.

Conclusion. Results of the present research allow the characterization of the ecological status of these Sevastopol sea water areas and to make recommendations about their rational use. Matyushenko and Kazachya Bays are most suitable for beach recreation and recreational fishery. Kazachya Bay also has favourable conditions for the development of water sports. Kruglaya Bay and Cape Khrustalnii are less ecologically safe and require a series of actions to improve water quality.
Dynamics of ascorbic acid accumulation in the aboveground phytomass of Galega orientalis Lam.
Authors: Kravchenko I. V. , Moiseeva E. A. , Ustinova М. V. , Shepeleva L. F.
Published: April 2021

Aim.To analyse the patterns of ascorbic acid content in the green mass of Galega orientalis (Galega orientalis Lam.), Gale variety, cultivated under introductory conditions to develop an effective method for increasing feed production.

Material and Methods. The influence of the following factors on the accumulation of ascorbic acid in plants was considered: pre‐sowing seed preparation, the presence of a cover crop (pea), cultivation conditions, meteorological factors and the biological age of the grass stand over a three‐year period.

Results. It was established that the plant mass of Galega orientalis is a source of ascorbic acid after plants enter the generative phase of development with predominant localization of vitamins in the leaves (96%). Patterns were revealed of ascorbic acid accumulation in the green phytomass of Galega orientalis depending on average daily temperature during the vegetation period (r = ‐0.69) and specific leaf surface (r = ‐0.83‐0.88).

Conclusion. The data obtained also indicate a statistically significant positive effect of using Baikal‐EM1 microbiological fertilizer for seed inoculation during preparation for sowing, and a negative effect of the cover crop on the accumulation of ascorbic acid in the plant mass of Galega orientalis in its virginal and generative periods of development.
Assessing the prospects for sustainable development in the context of a pandemic
Authors: Gadzhiev N. G. , Murzak N. A. , Mitenkova A. Е. , Skripkina О. V. , Konovalenko S. A. , Gadzhieva U A. , Ismailova O. S.
Published: April 2021

Aim. The article aims to study the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions as they depend on the type and structure of economic activity in the Russian Federation (RF); to identify the impact of the pandemic and its consequences on the energy sector development and to justify the need to switch to renewable energy to ensure the sustainable economic development of Russia.

Materials and Methods. In the process of conducting this study, statistical methods of analysis, system analysis method and the comparative method of analysis were used.

Results. The results of the study have confirmed the need to switch to renewable energy in order to ensure the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment (each unit of energy generated by RES will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50‐200 %). The reason is that the economy sector accounts for almost 79% of such emissions, which makes the transition to renewable energy relevant to ensuring the sustainable economic development of Russia.

Conclusion. Achievement of the internationally recognized Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 7 «Ensuring Access to Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable and Modern Energy Sources for All» in the context of a pandemic and its consequences necessitates energy sector reform. This could be achieved by increasing the share of renewable energy in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the environment and, accordingly, to prevent further climate change, one of the main causes of not only environmental but also of economic damage.
Anatomy of the Human Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord at 20–22 Weeks of Intrauterine Development
Authors: Isengulova A. Yu. , Galiakbarova V. A. , Seredinova T. S. , Lyashchenko D. N. , Galeeva E. N.
Published: April 2021

Early and timely diagnosis of the spinal column and spinal cord pathologies, their intrauterine and postnatal correction require detailed knowledge of the anatomy and topography of the cervical spine in the fetus. The complex interactions of the cervical spine with the corresponding parts of the spinal cord and adjacent structures require detailed study during the embryonic period of ontogenesis.The aim of the study was to investigate the morphometric and topographic anatomical fetal features of the cervical spine and adjacent structures at 20–22 weeks of the intrauterine development.Material and methods. This study was performed on the sectional material from human fetuses, 20–22 weeks of development (20 human fetuses of both sexes), obtained from the fetal collection of the Department of Human Anatomy, Orenburg State Medical University. A standard set of morphological methods were applied in the study – macromicroscopic preparation, Pirogov method of cuts in three mutually perpendicular planes, production of serial histotopograms with Van Gieson staining, photography, morphometry.Results. It was found that during the studied periods of prenatal ontogenesis, the length of the cervical spine averaged 17.5±1.5 mm. The transverse size of the vertebral body in fetuses of 20–22 weeks of development throughout the cervical spine is of greater importance than the anteroposterior. The transverse and anteroposterior dimensions of the vertebral foramen gradually decrease in the craniocaudal direction. It was also demonstrated that it is necessary to remove the dura mater in order to obtain reliable dimensional characteristics of the spinal cord.Conclusion. Thus, the data obtained on the anatomy and topography of the spinal column and the spinal cord at the 20th – 22nd weeks of the human ontogenesis can serve as the morphological basis of fetal surgery.
Effect of Bone Marrow Allotransplantation on Neurotransmitter Structures of Lymph Nodes
Authors: Romanov V. O. , Lyubovtseva L. A. , Vorob'eva O. V. , Romanova L. P.
Published: April 2021

Despite the many factors affecting the state of the lymph nodes, a special role is played by biogenic amines synthesized by the cells of the APUD system and specialized macrophages, which in the context of this study are designated as granular luminescent cells (GLC), as well as mast cells (MC). The presence of receptors for biogenic amines on lymphoid cells proves the subordination of the immune system to neurohumoral effects.The aim of the study was to identify neuroamine-containing cells in the lymph nodes and to determine the content of catecholamines (CA) and serotonin (ST) in them early after bone marrow allotransplantation (ALT).Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on outbred male rats. The 1st group consisted of intact animals (n=10), the 2nd – control individuals, which were injected with 3.0 ml of 0.85% sodium chloride solution (n=10); 3rd – animals (n=30), which underwent bone marrow ALT. To identify neuroamine-containing cells, a luminescence-histochemical study was carried out according to Falk–Hillarp method in Krokhina modification (1969), the proliferative activity of cells was assessed using an immunohistochemical reaction for Ki-67. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica-6 program.Research results. After 40 min in the GLC of the corona of the lymph nodes, an increase in the content of CA and ST by a factor of 1.2 was observed; after 2 hours, the CA content increased 1.7 times, and ST – 1.4 times, and after 4 hours there was a sharp decrease in the CA content by 3.6 times. In the GLC of the reactive center and in the reticuloendothelial GLC, the content of both CA and ST decreased. In the GLC of the paracortical zone, the content of CA and ST increased, and after 4 hours their decay occurred. In MC, the content of CA and ST decreased. MC degranulation was observed against the background of a sharp decrease in their number. Due to the degranulation of MC, starting from the 40th min after ALT, neuroamines accumulated in the intercellular space. After ALT, the Ki-67 index changed at different periods of the experiment, in the marginal sinuses it decreased by 13%, in the intermediate sinuses – by 61%, in the lymph nodules – by 47%, and in the paracortical zone – by 40%.Conclusion. Thus, bone marrow allotransplantation leads to a change in the number of granular luminescent and mast cells, as well as the content of biogenic amines in the cervical lymph nodes.
Salivary Glands of Vertebrates: Ecological, Morphological and Evolutionary Aspects
Authors: Shevlyuk N. N. , Dolgov V. A. , Dolgova E. V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to compare ecological and morphological features and evolutionary dynamics of the salivary glands in representatives of different classes of vertebrates living in different ecological conditions.Material and methods. The glandular structures of the tongue of vertebrates belonging to various taxonomic and ecological groups (fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals) were studied. The material obtained was processed using histological and histochemical methods.The results of the study demonstrated that in the course of the evolutionary transformations of vertebrates, an increase and complication of the glandular structures of the tongue occurred due to changes in the environmental factors and in the nature of nutrition and food consumed. The evolutionary transformations of the glandular structures of the organ was directed from unicellular intraepithelial glandular structures (for example, in fish) to the complex multicellular salivary glands of higher mammals, in which there was a division into terminal secretory sections and secretory pathways. In the course of evolution, the number of functions performed by the salivary glands of the tongue has also increased. The digestive and endocrine functions were added to the function of protecting the mucous organ from damage. The serous glands of the tongue are phylogenetically younger. Their occurrence is associated with the participation of the glands of the tongue in the initial stages of chemical food processing. The preservation of more ancient mucous glands against the background of the emergence of new organisms in the course of evolution - mucoserous, seromucous and serous glands, - indicates that in the course of evolutionary development, the glandular structures of the tongue demonstrate parallelism of divergent changes.
Epidemiological profile of funguria in Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda, Morocco
Authors: Maleb Adil , Hami Aziza , Lambrabet Somiya , Rifai Safaa , Rahmani Nawal , Bensalah Mohammed , Benaissa Elmostafa , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Frikh Mohammed , El Ouennass Mostafa
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:The presence of yeasts in the urine is not synonymous with urinary tract infectionsinceit can result insimple colonization or contamination. Regarding this, it is required to further clarify the epidemiological profile of funguria. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to establish the epidemiology of funguriainthe Mohammed VI Teaching Hospital of Oujda, Morocco.
Materials and Methods:This retrospective studywas conducted onall urine samples sent for cytobacteriological examination to amicrobiology laboratoryover a period of 28 months(i.e., from March 2016 to June 2018). After the removal of duplicates, the urinesampleswere treated according to the recommendations of the medical microbiology standards.
Results:A total of15,165 urine sampleswerecollected. Urinary colonization accounted for 4.94% (n=749) of cases. The infections of the urinary tract accounted for 5.35% (n=811) of cases. Microbial isolates (n=1,669) in colonization and urinary tract infections were dominated by bacteria (93.47%, n=1,560). Furthermore, the yeasts accounted for 6.53% (n=109) of the isolates. Candidaalbicanswas isolated from56.88% (n=62) of funguriacases. Theriskfactors forfunguriain our series wereessentially old age, admission tointensive care unit, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Conclusion:The current level of knowledge about the clinical situations leading to funguria with the improvement and popularization of efficient identification techniques for yeasts other than C. albicans should redress the epidemiology of funguria.This should allow the knowledgeable societies to establish the rules of interpreting the cytobacteriological examination of the urine in case of funguria, as for bacteriuria.
Clinical features and para-clinical findings of cryptococcal meningitis in the North of Iran during 2011-19
Authors: Babamahmoodi Farhang , Gerizade firozjaii Kobra , Bayani Masoumeh , Shokohi Tahereh , Yazdani Jamshid , Beyzaee Amir Mohammad , Ahangarkani Fatemeh
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:Cryptococcalmeningitis (CM) is a serious fungal infection that especially affectspatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this regard,the present retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical and laboratory features and therapeutic outcomes of patients with CM admitted to two teaching referral centersin the north of Iran during 2011-19.
Materials and Methods:This study was performed onall the hospitalized patients diagnosed with CM in two therapeutic centers of infectious diseases in the north of Iran. The required data,such as demographic characteristics and clinical and paraclinical features of patients, were extracted and entered in the information forms. Finally, the collected data were analyzed inSPSSsoftware(version16).
Results:For the purpose of the study, records of 12confirmed CM patients were evaluatedin this research. Based on the results,75% of the patients were male. Moreover,the average age of the subjects was 40.33± 8.93 years old and 66.6%ofthem(n=8) were HIV-positive. Other underlying diseases among HIV-positive patients included infection with hepatitis C virus (25%) and a history of tuberculosis (25%). In total, threeHIV-negative patients suffered from Hodgkin lymphoma (25%), sarcoidosis (25%),and asthma (25%) and one patient (25%) had no underlying disease. Headache (75%), weakness,and fatigue (75%) were the most common symptoms among the participants. The cluster of differentiation 4count in all HIV-positive patients was less than 100 cells/μl. There was no significant difference between symptoms in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Besides, no significant difference was observed between the groups of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients regarding the period between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis of CM,the length of hospital stay,and the duration of antifungal medication consumption. In total,three patients (25%) expired,and six patients recovered. The CM recurred in two HIV-negative and oneHIV-positive subjects;the two HIV-negative patients were treated,whilethe HIV-positive patient expired due to this recurrence.
Conclusion:Clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid parameters were not different in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants. Despite the fact thatCM is not common in Iran, due to the increasing number of immunosuppressive patients, the differential diagnosis of CM should be considered for patients with signs and symptoms of infection in the central nervous system.
Aspergillus flavus endocarditis and meningitis in a child with marfan syndrome
Authors: Fattahi Azam , Sayyahfar Shirin , Lotfali Ensieh , Ghasemi Reza , Mortezaeian Hojjat
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Aspergillus species are implicated as the etiology of approximately 26% of endocarditis cases. Central nervous system aspergillosis is a life-threatening condition that has a mortality rate of 80%.
Case report: Herein, we report a four– year- old female who was admitted to the pediatric infectious ward due to a fever of unknown origin in January 2020. She was a known case of Marfan syndrome with a family history of this syndrome in her mother. The species was identified using (PCR) and the antifungal susceptibility test was performed using four antifungal agents based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38 3rd edition. Fluconazole-resistant Aspergillus flavus was identified to be responsible for endocarditis and meningitis as well as fever of unknown origin.
Conclusion: The clinicians should be aware and consider fungal endocarditis in blood culture-negative endocarditis even in patients with no significant risk factor when antibiotic therapy fails.
Immunological response to COVID-19 and its role as a predisposing factor in invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Tavakoli Mahin , Shokohi Tahereh , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi , Hoenigl Martin
Published: April 2021

The world is involved with a pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The clinical manifestations of reported COVID-19-associated pulmonary impairments range from asymptomatic infections to a pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome that requires mechanical ventilation. Fungal superinfections complicating the clinical course remain underexplored. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor for COVID-19 that is mainly expressed in airway epithelia and lung parenchyma, is considered an important regulator of innate immunity. With regard to the viral-cell interaction, imbalanced immune regulation between protective and altered responses caused by the exacerbation of inflammatory responses should be considered a major contributor to secondary pulmonary aspergillosis. In addition, the complex inherited factors, age-related changes, and lifestyle may also affect immune responses. The complication and persistence of invasive aspergillosis have been well described in patients with severe influenza or COVID-19. However, there is a scarcity of information about the immunological mechanisms predisposing patients with COVID-19 to fungal co-infections. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the aforementioned domain.
Энергетическое право. Общая часть. Практикум.
Authors:   доктор юридических наук, заведующий кафедрой энергетического права Московского государственного юридического университета имени О.Е.Кутафина (МГЮА), директор Центра энергетического права Санкт-Петербургского государственного экономического университета, научный руководитель Автономной некоммерческой организации «Научно-исследовательский ", Романова В.В. ,   Центр энергетического права и современной правовой науки имени В.А.Мусина",   »
Published: April 2021

В настоящем учебном издании представлены практические задания и задачи, которые помогут в изучении и преподавании «Общей части энергетического права». Предлагаемые задания сформированы с учетом структуры курса, что позволяет закрепить и развить знания об основных положениях энергетического права, включая принципы энергетического права, изучить источники энергетического права, общие положения о правовом регулировании частноправовых и публично-правовых отношений в сфере энергетики. Полученные знания являются предшествующими для изучения «Особенной части энергетического права», будут полезны также для определения направления будущей профессиональной деятельности в сфере энергетики. Практикум подготовлен на основе современного законодательства, международно-правового регулирования, судебной практики, Практикум предназначен для обучающихся энергетическому праву, аспирантов, преподавателей высших учебных заведений, научных работников, практикующих юристов, государственных служащих.
Mindfulness and related factors among addicted adolescents
Authors: UZUN Mehmet Erdem , USLU Hüseyin , KILINÇEL Şenay , UZUNOK Barış , KORKMAZ Muhammet Furkan , ŞİRİN Hande
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Mindfulness has been defined as “the clear and single-minded awareness of what happens to us and in us, at the successive moments of perception”. Mindfulness-based therapies have been used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases in recent years. There is no study on the mindfulness of addicted adolescents in our country. In this study, we aimed to determine the level of the mindfulness and the factors affecting the mindfulness among addicted adolescents.
Methods: Fourty drug-addicted adolescents and fourty five healthy adolescents were included in the study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Addiction Profile Index Adolescent Form (BAPI-E), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), Metacognition Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (MCQ-C) and Child-Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASS) were applied to the participants. Clinical interviews (based on DSM-V) were performed to assess addiction.
Results: There were no significant differences in the mindfulness levels between the addicted and the non-addicted groups. The mindfulness levels of the patients who attempted suicide were lower than the patients who did not attempt suicide. Behavioral disengagement sub-scales of COPE were significantly higher in the substance use and the denial group.
Conclusions: Non-functional styles coping with stress were found to be significantly higher in the addicted group, however, we found no significant differences in the mindfulness levels.
Strategy of the University of Maribor 2021–2030
Authors:   University of Maribor
Published: April 2021

The strategy of the University of Maribor pursues an inclusive, innovative and integrated higher education area that will train active, critically-thinking and responsible citizens, guarantee the quality of education and research, academic integrity, and cultivate concern for sustainable development of society. It stresses the importance of the freedom of research and institutional autonomy, development of lifelong learning, digitalisation and green infrastructure. It follows the orientations of the Rome Ministerial Communiqué of 2020 on the development of higher education in Europe, the Magna Charta Universitatum 2020 principles and the national strategic documents on higher education.
Ergonomski vidiki razvoja izdelkov: 2. posodobljena in razširjena izdaja
Authors: Dolšak Bojan , Kaljun Jasmin
Published: April 2021

Učbenik obravnava ergonomijo izdelkov tako z vidika razvojnega inženirja, ki mora v prvi vrsti seveda zagotoviti funkcionalnost izdelka, kot tudi z vidika oblikovalca - dizajnerja, ki naj poskrbi, da bo izdelek tudi estetsko dovršen. Namen učbenika ni podajanje empiričnih podatkov, temveč seznanitev z osnovnimi pojmi ter predstavitev medsebojnih relacij in priporočil, ki so lahko inženirjem in oblikovalcem v pomoč pri razvoju izdelkov s poudarjeno ergonomsko in estetsko vrednostjo. V drugi izdaji učbenika je dodano tudi povsem novo poglavje, ki obravnava inkluzivno oblikovanje in njegove najpomembnejše vidike. Ti v večini primerov sovpadajo z ergonomskimi vidiki razvoja izdelkov ob eni pomembni razliki. Pri razvoju izdelka s poudarjeno ergonomsko vrednostjo izdelek praviloma poskušamo kar se da prilagoditi bolj ali manj omejeni ciljni populaciji uporabnikov, cilj inkluzivnega oblikovanja pa je razvoj takšnih izdelkov, ki so primerni za čim širšo populacijo.