bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
M6A RNA Methylation Regulates Histone Ubiquitination to Support Cancer Growth and Progression
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Subbarayalu Panneerdoss , Medina Daisy , Nirzhor Saif , Timilsina Santosh , Rajamanickam Subapriya , Eedunuri Vijay K. , Gupta Yogesh , Zheng Siyuan , Abdelfattah Nourhan , Huang Yufei , Vadlamudi Ratna , Hromas Robert , Meltzer Paul , Houghton Peter , Chen Yidong , Rao Manjeet K.
Published: March 2022

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignancy of the bone, yet the survival for patients with osteosarcoma is virtually unchanged over the past 30 years. This is principally because development of new therapies is hampered by a lack of recurrent mutations that can be targeted in osteosarcoma. Here, we report that epigenetic changes via mRNA methylation holds great promise to better understand the mechanisms of osteosarcoma growth and to develop targeted therapeutics. In patients with osteosarcoma, the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 was amplified and higher expression correlated with copy-number changes. ALKBH5 was critical for promoting osteosarcoma growth and metastasis, yet it was dispensable for normal cell survival. Methyl RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and functional studies showed that ALKBH5 mediates its protumorigenic function by regulating m6A levels of histone deubiquitinase USP22 and the ubiquitin ligase RNF40. ALKBH5-mediated m6A deficiency in osteosarcoma led to increased expression of USP22 and RNF40 that resulted in inhibition of histone H2A monoubiquitination and induction of key protumorigenic genes, consequently driving unchecked cell-cycle progression, incessant replication, and DNA repair. RNF40, which is historically known to ubiquitinate H2B, inhibited H2A ubiquitination in cancer by interacting with and affecting the stability of DDB1-CUL4–based ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. Taken together, this study directly links increased activity of ALKBH5 with dysregulation of USP22/RNF40 and histone ubiquitination in cancers. More broadly, these results suggest that m6A RNA methylation works in concert with other epigenetic mechanisms to control cancer growth.

Significance:

RNA demethylase ALKBH5 upregulates USP22 and RNF40 to inhibit histone H2A ubiquitination and induces expression of key replication and DNA repair–associated genes, driving osteosarcoma progression.
ARRY-382 in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Results from a Phase 1b/2 Study
Authors: Johnson Melissa , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Sukari Ammar , Call Justin , Kunk Paul R. , Lewis Karl , Gainor Justin F. , Sarantopoulos John , Lee Patrice , Golden Adele , Harney Allison , Rothenberg S. Michael , Zhang Yuanyuan , Goldman Jonathan W.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

ARRY-382 (PF-07265804) is a selective inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor. We evaluated the safety and preliminary efficacy of ARRY-382 plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Patients and Methods:

This was an open-label, multicenter, Phase 1b/2 study (NCT02880371) performed over September 1, 2016 to October 24, 2019. In the Phase 1b dose-escalation, patients with selected advanced solid tumors received ARRY-382 [starting dose 200 mg once daily (QD) orally] plus pembrolizumab [2 mg/kg intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks (Q3W)]. Phase 2 patients had: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA); programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor-refractory (PD-1/PD-L1 IR) advanced solid tumors; or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (prOVCA). Patients received ARRY-382 at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 300 mg QD plus pembrolizumab 200 mg IV Q3W.

Results:

Primary endpoints of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT; Phase 1b) and objective response rate (Phase 2) were met. In Phase 1b, 19 patients received ARRY-382 200–400 mg. Three patients reported DLTs. The MTD of ARRY-382 (plus pembrolizumab) was 300 mg QD. In Phase 1b, 2 patients (10.5%) had confirmed partial response (PR): 1 with PDA and 1 with ovarian cancer, lasting 29.2 and 3.1 months, respectively. In Phase 2, there were 27, 19, and 11 patients in the PDA, PD-1/PD-L1 IR, and prOVCA cohorts, respectively. One patient (3.7%) with PDA had a PR lasting 2.4 months. The most frequent ARRY-382–related adverse events were increased transaminases (10.5%–83.3%) and increased creatine phosphokinase (18.2%–50.0%).

Conclusions:

Although limited clinical benefit was observed, ARRY-382 plus pembrolizumab was well tolerated.
First Clinical Results of Fluorescence Lifetime-enhanced Tumor Imaging Using Receptor-targeted Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Pal Rahul , Hom Marisa E. , van den Berg Nynke S. , Lwin Thinzar M. , Lee Yu-Jin , Prilutskiy Andrey , Faquin William , Yang Eric , Saladi Srinivas V. , Varvares Mark A. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Kumar Anand T.N.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Fluorescence molecular imaging, using cancer-targeted near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes, offers the promise of accurate tumor delineation during surgeries and the detection of cancer specific molecular expression in vivo. However, nonspecific probe accumulation in normal tissue results in poor tumor fluorescence contrast, precluding widespread clinical adoption of novel imaging agents. Here we present the first clinical evidence that fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging can provide tumor specificity at the cellular level in patients systemically injected with panitumumab-IRDye800CW, an EGFR-targeted NIR fluorescent probe.

Experimental Design:

We performed wide-field and microscopic FLT imaging of resection specimens from patients injected with panitumumab-IRDye800CW under an FDA directed clinical trial.

Results:

We show that the FLT within EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells is significantly longer than the FLT of normal tissue, providing high sensitivity (>98%) and specificity (>98%) for tumor versus normal tissue classification, despite the presence of significant nonspecific probe accumulation. We further show microscopic evidence that the mean tissue FLT is spatially correlated (r > 0.85) with tumor-specific EGFR expression in tissue and is consistent across multiple patients. These tumor cell-specific FLT changes can be detected through thick biological tissue, allowing highly specific tumor detection and noninvasive monitoring of tumor EFGR expression in vivo.

Conclusions:

Our data indicate that FLT imaging is a promising approach for enhancing tumor contrast using an antibody-targeted NIR probe with a proven safety profile in humans, suggesting a strong potential for clinical applications in image guided surgery, cancer diagnostics, and staging.
Food Insecurity in Portugal during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics
Authors: Aguiar Ana , Maia Isabel , Pinto Marta , Duarte Raquel
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The current worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has been having a considerable impact not only on health but also on the economy of societies, emphasizing food insecurity as a significant public health concern. Aim: The objective of this study was to characterize the scenario of food insecurity in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore its related sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, using data from an online survey, performed from November 2020 until February 2021, including 882 residents aged 18 years or older in Portugal. Data on sociodemographics and food security status were collected, the latter was evaluated using the United States Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were performed (covariates: education, household income perception, and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic). The odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: Most participants were women (71.3%), with a mean age of 36.8 years (SD 11.0). Food insecurity prevalence was 6.8%. Less-educated individuals (≤12 years of schooling; OR 2.966; 95% CI 1.250–7.042), and those who were and remained unemployed since the beginning of the pandemic (OR 2.602; 95% CI 1.004–6.742) had higher odds of belonging to a food-insecure household, regardless of education, working status during the COVID-19 pandemic, and household income perception. Moreover, lower odds of belonging to a food-insecure household were observed among those reporting a comfortable household income (OR 0.007; 95% CI 0.001–0.062) than those who perceived their household income as insufficient, independently of education and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: These findings highlight the population groups that are at a greater risk of food insecurity during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Effective public health strategies should be developed aiming to address food insecurity during this crisis, especially among the higher risk groups.
Higher Inflammation Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Phenotype and Biochemical Health in Women with Obesity
Authors: Killeen Sarah Louise , Byrne David F. , Geraghty Aisling A. , Kilbane Mark T. , Twomey Patrick J. , McKenna Malachi J. , Yelverton Cara A. , Saldova Radka , Van Sinderen Douwe , Cotter Paul D. , Murphy Eileen F. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Metabolic or inflammatory markers may predict adverse outcomes in women with obesity. We sought to describe metabolic-obesity phenotypes of women using novel staging tools and investigate relationships with inflammation. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we collected fasting blood samples from sixty-four females with body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2. Participants were classified as metabolically healthy or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) using the cardiometabolic disease staging system (CMDS) and Edmonton obesity staging system (EOSS). Data were analyzed using independent sample t tests, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple logistic regression. Results: Mean (SD) age was 40.2 (9.3) years with median (IQR) BMI 31.8 (30.3–35.7) kg/m2. The prevalence of MUO was 46.9% and 81.3% using CMDS and EOSS criteria, respectively. Women with raised CMDS scores had higher C3 (1.34 [0.20] vs. 1.18 [0.15], p = 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (2.89 [1.31–7.61] vs. 1.39 [0.74–3.60], p = 0.034). C3 correlated with insulin (r = 0.52), hemoglobin A1c (r = 0.37), and C-peptide (r = 0.58), all p < 0.05. C3 above the median (>1.23 g/L) increased odds of raised CMDS score, when controlled for age, BMI, ethnicity, and smoking (OR = 6.56, 95% CI: 1.63, 26.47, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The prevalence of MUO was lower using CMDS than EOSS. C3 and CRP may be useful clinical biomarkers of risk or treatment targets in women with obesity.
Multi-Organ Point-Of-Care Ultrasound in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Ronco Claudio , Kazory Amir
Published: March 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome caused by a multitude of hemodynamic, toxic, and structural insults to the kidney, and portends worse patient outcomes. Despite careful history taking, physical examination, and analysis of laboratory data, a void is evident in the diagnostic process and clinical monitoring of AKI. Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a limited ultrasound study performed by the clinician at bedside as an adjunct to physical examination. Growing body of evidence points to POCUS as a powerful tool in a variety of clinical settings. Herein, we discuss how nephrologist-performed POCUS has the potential to provide answers to focused questions that we encounter in diagnosis and management of patients with AKI. From excluding hydronephrosis to providing real-time insights into hemodynamics, incorporation of POCUS helps integrate all the pieces of patient data and formulate individualized treatment plans. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of multi-organ POCUS on AKI-related pragmatic patient outcomes, the potential of this technique to stratify the risk and to identify patients with different levels of severity of AKI and different pathophysiological signatures.
Crouzon’s Syndrome with a Dominant Sinus Pericranii Draining Transverse Sinus: Report of a Rare Association and Review of Literature
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Verma Satish Kumar , Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Crouzon’s syndrome and sinus pericranii (SP) are rare entities. Only few cases having both the features are reported. SP most commonly drains in relation to superior sagittal sinus and their communication to major posterior dural sinuses is rare. Case Report: We report a rare case of Crouzon’s syndrome with SP at a suboccipital location with termination of left transverse sinus into the SP draining further through the extracranial suboccipital and extravertebral cervical venous plexi into external jugular veins. Distal transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus on the left side were absent. Conclusion: Crouzon’s syndrome with SP is an extremely rare entity. SP with communication to major posterior dural venous sinuses is also rare and mostly associated with multi-suture craniosynostosis. Management depends on the volume of venous blood they are draining. Most of them are dominant type and their occlusion is not feasible. Preoperative diagnosis of a dominant SP is essential for proper surgical planning as it needs to be preserved mandatorily to prevent cerebral venous infarction.
Operational and Ethical Considerations for a National Adult Congenital Heart Disease Database
Authors: Bradley Elisa A. , Khan Abigail , McNeal Demetria M. , Bravo‐Jaimes Katia , Khanna Amber , Cook Stephen , Opotowsky Alexander R. , John Anitha , Lee Marc , Pasquali Sara , Daniels Curt J. , Pernick Michael , Kirkpatrick James N. , Gurvitz Michelle
Published: March 2022

As more adults survive with congenital heart disease, the need to better understand the long‐term complications, and comorbid disease will become increasingly important. Improved care and survival into the early and late adult years for all patients equitably requires accurate, timely, and comprehensive data to support research and quality‐based initiatives. National data collection in adult congenital heart disease will require a sound foundation emphasizing core ethical principles that acknowledge patient and clinician perspectives and promote national collaboration. In this document we examine these foundational principles and offer suggestions for developing an ethically responsible and inclusive framework for national ACHD data collection.
Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Disease and Coronary Vasospasm in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mileva Niya , Nagumo Sakura , Mizukami Takuya , Sonck Jeroen , Berry Colin , Gallinoro Emanuele , Monizzi Giovanni , Candreva Alessandro , Munhoz Daniel , Vassilev Dobrin , Penicka Martin , Barbato Emanuele , De Bruyne Bernard , Collet Carlos
Published: March 2022

Background

A relevant proportion of patients with suspected coronary artery disease undergo invasive coronary angiography showing normal or nonobstructive coronary arteries. However, the prevalence of coronary microvascular disease (CMD) and coronary spasm in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease remains to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coronary CMD and coronary vasospastic angina in patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies assessing the prevalence of CMD and vasospastic angina in patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease was performed. Random‐effects models were used to determine the prevalence of these 2 disease entities. Fifty‐six studies comprising 14 427 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.36–0.47), epicardial vasospasm 0.40 (95% CI, 0.34–0.46) and microvascular spasm 24% (95% CI, 0.21–0.28). The prevalence of combined CMD and vasospastic angina was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.17–0.31). Female patients had a higher risk of presenting with CMD compared with male patients (risk ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.11–1.90]). CMD prevalence was similar when assessed using noninvasive or invasive diagnostic methods.

Conclusions

In patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease, approximately half of the cases were reported to have CMD and/or coronary spasm. CMD was more prevalent among female patients. Greater awareness among physicians of ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries is urgently needed for accurate diagnosis and patient‐tailored management.
İSTİHDAM OLUŞTURMAYAN BÜYÜMENİN SEKTÖREL ANALİZİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AKCAN Melike Buse , AZAZİ Hasan
Published: March 2022

Ekonomik büyüme dünya genelinde ülkelerin makroekonomik hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır. Ekonomik büyümenin beraberinde istihdam artışını da getirmesi beklenmektedir. Ancak özellikle son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar ekonomik büyüme ve istihdam arasındaki ilişkinin beklendiği şekilde gerçekleşmediğini göstermektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de istihdam ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki, istihdam oluşturmayan büyümenin geçerliliği çerçevesinde araştırılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda genel ekonomik büyüme ve istihdam değişkenlerinin yanında; hizmet, sanayi, inşaat ve tarım sektörlerine yönelik 2005 yılının ilk çeyreği ile 2020 yılının 3. Çeyreği arası dönemi kapsayan ekonomik büyüme ve istihdam verileri Granger Nedensellik Testi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlara göre; Türkiye ekonomisi genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde istihdam oluşturmayan büyümenin geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İstihdam oluşturmayan büyümenin sektörel geçerliliğine yönelik kurulan modellerin sonucuna göre ise, ilgili sektörlerden sadece sanayi sektöründe istihdam oluşturmayan büyümenin geçersiz olduğu, diğer sektörler olan hizmet, inşaat ve tarım sektöründe ise istihdam oluşturmayan büyümenin geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Spotlight on the Left Frontal Cortex: No Evidence for Response Inhibition from Cathodal High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus or Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Schroeder Philipp A. , Seewald Anna , Svaldi Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Inhibitory control functions draw on a fronto-basal network with central cortical hubs at the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the pre-SMA. However, few neuropsychological studies investigated the role of brain regions in the left frontal cortex and some previous evidence from bilateral studies remained inconclusive. This study presents a systematic investigation with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD tDCS) in a focal 4 × 1 configuration, which was used to target the left IFG or the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with 1-mA active or sham cathodal HD tDCS. Healthy participants were randomized into three groups. We analyzed performance in an adaptive stop-signal task to quantify inhibitory control before (baseline), during cathodal HD tDCS (on-line), and after cathodal HD tDCS (off-line) to either left IFG, left DLPFC, or sham. Results from 67 participants and Bayesian analyses indicated moderate evidence against an effect of cathodal tDCS (left DLPFC and left IFG compared with sham) regardless of timing, that is, on-line or off-line cathodal HD tDCS. The study results are examined in view of previous neuropsychological and neurostimulation studies with bilateral and unilateral cathodal tDCS in healthy and patient samples. Theoretically, our results are compatible with a right-lateralization of response inhibition functions and suggest a negligible role of the left frontal hemisphere in healthy participants, but more stimulation parameters can be still explored in the left hemisphere. In line with previous studies, right inferior frontal gyrus seems a more promising target to investigate or alleviate response inhibition with tDCS.
“To Fall, or Not to Fall, That Is the (Preliminary) Question”: Disputes, Compromissory Clauses and Swinging Jurisdictional Tests at the ICJ
Authors: Dimetto Marco
Published: March 2022

More and more frequently, states resort to the ICJ, claiming the violation of international treaties and attempting to ground the jurisdiction of the Court on compromissory clauses contained therein. Despite the growing number of such cases, an analysis of recently rendered judgments on preliminary objections demonstrates that until now the Court has been unable or unwilling to identify and apply a coherent jurisdictional test to assess its jurisdiction ratione materiae. Some suggestions are formulated as for the test that the Court should apply to determine whether the claims presented by the applicant genuinely fall within the provisions of the international treaty containing the compromissory clause vel non.
The Responsibility to Protect and Counter-terrorism
Authors: Zimmerman Shannon
Published: March 2022

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and counter-terrorism are two concepts that came of age in the new millennium. They have routinely been cast as contradictory, a dichotomy where actors must make a choice between prioritizing individual human rights or the security of the state. The evolution of these two concepts over the past 20 years, however, has shown that there are as many congruences between R2P and counter-terrorism as there are areas of conflict. This introduction briefly details the genesis of the R2P and counter-terrorism and highlights their shared basis in state sovereignty and protection of human rights. It then introduces the articles in this special issue, each of which looks at different areas of congruence or conflict between R2P and counter-terrorism.
Scholem’s Dobrushka: The Political Career of a Frankist
Authors: Campanini Saverio
Published: March 2022

The article deals with Gershom Scholem’s interest in the historical figure of Moses Dobrushka (also known as Thomas von Schönfeld, and, in his last days, as Junius Frey), a central European Frankist, who first converted to Christianity and then to Jacobinism, embracing revolutionary ideals in Paris. The reasons for this interest, it is argued, were not merely scientific, but firmly rooted in Scholem’s construction of Zionism’s negative political theology.
Egypt – New Developments in Arbitration Law
Authors: Abdel Wahab Mohamed S. , Khaled Noha
Published: March 2022

Arbitration in Egypt is undergoing changes to cope with the novel global developments in international arbitration. These changes mainly feature in the reasoning of court decisions deciding on arbitration related matters and more specifically nullity actions filed against arbitral awards, as well as in contemplated legislative and regulatory amendments. This summary update tackles four principal new developments. Firstly, the amendments to the Supreme Constitutional Court’s Law which vests the Supreme Constitutional Court with new powers to review the constitutionality of (1) decisions rendered by international organisations, and (2) foreign court judgments which enforcement is sought against the Egyptian state in Egypt. Secondly, the closure of an ongoing saga in relation to the setting aside of the famous Kharafi vs. Libya arbitral award, whereby the Egyptian Court of Cassation finally upheld the validity of the arbitral award and dismissed the Libyan state’s nullity action. Thirdly, the judgment of the Egyptian Court of Cassation, which, for the first time in its history, annulled an ICC arbitral award based on Article 53(2) of the Egyptian Arbitration Law. Fourthly, the Covid-19 silver lining as reflected in a 2020 Court of Cassation decision, rendered midst the pandemic, whereby the Court established and affirmed many principles including, the principle of estoppel, party representation in arbitration by foreign and non-lawyers, delocalisation (distinguishing between seat and venue) and explicitly referred to the conduct of virtual hearings.
Turkish Competition Board (“TCB”) Has Launched an Investigation against Facebook for Its Recent Implementation Concerning Data Sharing Preferences
Authors: Eroğlu Muzaffer
Published: March 2022

In 2021 Turkish Competition Board (“TCB”) has initiated an official investigation against Facebook for its data sharing policy changes after WhatsApp announced new terms and conditions requiring users to agree to new privacy rules for sharing personal data with Facebook companies. Equipped with new power after 2021 changes to Law number 4054 on the Protection of Competition the TCB utilised interim measure power and banned all data shares by WhatsApp. This article examines the decision from various angels and offers prediction for he future of data sharing policies by powerful social media undertakings.
DNA Testing and Paternity Lawsuits in Morocco: The Tangier’s Court Case
Authors: El Bernoussi Zaynab
Published: March 2022

A child born out of wedlock is typically not entitled to paternity recognition in Morocco. In an unprecedented move in 2017, the First Instance Family Court in Tangiers recognized the familial relationship connecting a father to his biological daughter and ordered him to pay child support, but the ruling was revoked at the appellate court. The appellate court also invalidated the lower court’s use of international conventions, explaining that the child is so foreign to her father that the possibility of their future marriage would not be overruled. After further appeal, the overruling of the appellate court was confirmed at the cassation level in September 29, 2020. The Tangiers First Instance Family Court allowed for DNA tests to be admitted into evidence in family law cases, a procedure that is usually avoided. The plaintiff was a mother who wanted to prove the paternity (bunuwwa) and lineage (nasab) of her daughter born out of wedlock. The case illustrates how, as medical science advances, international law and conventions may interact with domestic, Islamic, and constitutional law. This case also shows how two Muslim jurists reacted to DNA testing and their starkly different use of such expertise in their judicial reasoning.
A revised phylogenetic classification of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae)
Authors: BOUMAN RODERICK W. , KEBLER PAUL J.A. , TELFORD IAN R.H. , BRUHL JEREMY J. , STRIJK JOERI S. , SAUNDERS RICHARD M.K. , ESSER HANS-JOACHIM , FALCÓN-HIDALGO BANESSA , VAN WELZEN PETER C.
Published: March 2022

The majority of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae) is currently placed in the paraphyletic genus Phyllanthus and discussions have persisted on how to resolve this issue. Here, we split Phyllanthus into ten monophyletic genera, which are all reinstatements of former genera, but with changes made to the circumscription and constituent species of each group. The genera Breynia, Glochidion and Synostemon were recently found to be nested within Phyllanthus and discussions ensued whether or not to subsume everything into Phyllanthus s.l. Instead of combining all these genera, we here implement the solution of splitting Phyllanthus into strictly monophyletic genera to ensure that the classification is consistent with the latest phylogenetic results. The new classification is based on a phylogenetic framework combined with differences in habit, branching type, floral, fruit and pollen morphology. With this new division of the genus Phyllanthus, tribe Phyllantheae will consist of the following 18 genera: Breynia, Cathetus, Cicca, Dendrophyllanthus, Emblica, Flueggea, Glochidion, Heterosavia, Kirganelia, Lingelsheimia, Lysiandra, Margaritaria, Moeroris, Nellica, Nymphanthus, Phyllanthus, Plagiocladus and Synostemon. As a result of the reinstated genera, five new names for illegitimate combinations or previous overlooked nomenclatural anomalies and 645 new combinations are proposed. Several keys are provided to distinguish the reinstated genera. Full species lists are given for the reinstated genera treated here except for Breynia, Synostemon and Glochidion.
Silver nanoparticles embedded cotton swab as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate combination of smartphone app for detection of carbofuran residues
Authors: Chang Chun-Sung , Wu Kuo-Hui , Hsu Ching-Yuan
Published: March 2022

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, consisting of a cotton swab with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded on common cotton, was fabricated in this study. The substrate consisted of AgNPs encapsulated in N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine (ATS) hydrogels,
and the resulting ATS-Ag SERS substrate presented good viscoelasticity, allowing it to conform to the surface of various materials of arbitrary roughness. The SERS peak intensity concentration change was rapidly captured and analyzed using a self-developed smartphone-based app system, which
implements quantitative detection of carbofuran. The results showed that carbofuran can be detected with high sensitivity, with a linear range of 0.01–1.0 ppm and a detection limit of 0.05 ppm. In combination with a website, the proposed approach features high sensitivity, high simplicity
of implementation, and a high throughput, which provides a promising means for the in situ determination of targets in practical applications.
Environmentally friendly one-step coating of antibacterial urinary catheters with silver nanoparticle impregnated layer
Authors: Maijan Pattarawadee , Lethongkam Sakkarin , Ramanathan Srinivasan , Bejrananda Tanan , Daengngam Chalongrat , Voravuthikunchai Supayang P.
Published: March 2022

Urinary tract infection is the most common infection acquired in hospitals and is usually associated with catheterization. A simple and robust antibacterial coating on rubber urethral catheter using a one-step process has been developed. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were coated on the
surface and impregnated near the subsurface region through diffusion transport into the porous tube material. This coating technique does not require any complicated instruments, volatile organic compounds, toxic chemicals as reducing agents and polymer binders. AgNPs embedded on the subsurface
of catheters provides prolonged antibacterial effects with a slow release of silver ions at 0.44 mg/L after 14 days. Coated catheters were tested for their antibacterial activity against representative pathogenic bacteria. Inhibition zones of approximately 11 mm were observed. AgNPs coated
catheters inhibited the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus (99.99%) and Escherichia coli (99.9999%) after 4 h. This simple fabrication technique opens a new avenue for the development of an inexpensive and quick process for the fabrication of rubber surfaces with an eco-friendly
and easy to scale-up strategy for preventing bacterial colonization.
Antibacterial properties of MXene-based nanomaterials: A review
Authors: Abbasi Fateme , Hajilary Nasibeh , Rezakazemi Mashallah
Published: March 2022

MXenes are new two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale materials with strong hydrophobicity, flexibility, and remarkable mechanical strength. MXenes have attracted attention in a wide range of applications due to their unique electrical properties, magnetic properties, and catalytic properties,
and ability to form diverse nanocomposites with a variety of materials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and organic polymers. MXene-based nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential in antibacterial processes owing to their excellent
electrochemical performance, high surface area, and remarkable hydrophilicity. MXene nanomaterials are incredibly effective against a wide variety of bacteria and have undergone extensive research because of their strong bactericidal activities. In this paper, we review all types of MXenes,
their different synthesis methods and then summarize the recent advances on antibacterial applications of MXenes under various conditions and bacterial load. This review intends to provide valuable insight and inspiration for the further development of effective and safe MXene-based nanomaterials
with antibacterial properties.
A no man’s land – social work in ‘in-between’ conflict settings: Ethical challenges and dilemmas in Kufr Aqab
Authors: Elsana Amal , Paul Karen , Denov Myriam
Published: March 2022

In this article, we draw upon the context of Kufr Aqab – a ‘no-man’s land’ neither controlled by the Palestinian Authority nor Israel – to demonstrate the complex and multifaceted ethical dilemmas faced by social workers practising in ‘in-between’ conflict settings. Ethical challenges relate to social workers’ safety and security, as well as their capacity to deliver meaningful change. We argue that despite the challenging and often violent environments in which they work, social workers demonstrate important competencies to overcome these dilemmas by drawing upon and utilizing personal and community resources. We highlight calls to action for both social work practitioners and researchers.
Perceptions of Violence and the Self-Regulation of Identity for LGBTQ People in the UK
Authors: Maine Alexander
Published: March 2022

This article will focus on LGBTQ people's perceptions of violence in the United Kingdom in the years following the advent of same-sex marriage using original empirical evidence. These perceptions will be discussed by focussing on the awareness of hate crime legislation, the role of law in constraining homophobia alongside intersections of racism, and of the impact of civil law reform protecting LGBTQ rights. This may be evidenced in many ways, which this article will recount, including demonstrating awareness of hate crimes, avoiding overt shows of affection, and the use of safe spaces to exhibit their sexuality. Empirical evidence will be used to suggest that despite the advent of hate crime protections, increased relationship recognition rights, and greater representation, many LGBTQ people anticipate violence or harm because of their sexuality. This article will use theoretical and empirical analysis to discuss the ways in which violence may manifest in the perceptions of LGBTQ participants and the significance of such perceptions in the ‘post-equality’ society.
Probabilistic model for cattail and canola fibers: effect of environmental conditions, structural parameters, fiber length, and estimators
Authors: Shadhin Md , Mann Danny , Rahman Mashiur
Published: March 2022

Biomass fibers are being widely investigated for industrial applications as an alternative to synthetic fibers using a standard humidity condition. In this study, the mechanical properties of two waste biomass fibers – canola and cattail – have been investigated when subjected to different environmental conditions, fiber length, and type of estimators used during analysis. The effect of different environmental conditions and structural variations were investigated by measuring the tensile properties after exposing them to eight different relative humidity conditions using a fixed fiber length of 25 mm. Further investigation was conducted using fiber lengths of 25, 35 and 45 mm using the most conservative relative humidity condition. The data were analyzed by a Weibull distribution model using four different estimators. The results revealed that Weibull strength ( σavg) and modulus (Eavg) closely followed experimental values for cattail and canola fibers. The different relative humidity conditions and fiber lengths resulted in different Weibull parameters with 11% relative humidity and the mean rank estimator predicted the most conservative tensile strength for both waste biomass fibers. The experimental and characteristic Weibull strength decreased when fiber gauge length increased from 25 to 45 mm. The tensile strength and modulus of both waste biomass fibers at 50% reliability lie within the range of average experimental values. However, these values are reduced to 155 MPa (strength) and 20 GPa (modulus) for cattail fiber at 90% reliability. The survival probability of the tensile strength and modulus were found to be the highest at 75% and 100% relative humidity for cattail and canola fibers, respectively.
Discussion in Diverse Middle School Social Studies Classrooms: Promoting All Students’ Participation in the Disciplinary Work of Inquiry
Authors: Monte-Sano Chauncey , Schleppegrell Mary , Sun Sida , Wu Jiaxin , Kabat Jeff
Published: March 2022

Background/Context:

Although calls for rich discussion and argumentation about disciplinary texts and content are frequent, research indicates that in classrooms such discussions are rare. When discussions do happen, few students tend to participate.

Purpose/Focus of Study:

We look to exemplar teachers’ classrooms where a range of ethnically, racially, linguistically, and academically diverse students participated substantively in discussions throughout social studies inquiries to understand what those teachers do to support broad and substantive student participation in discussion, knowing that discussion promotes student learning.

Research Design:

Using video recordings of class sessions, we conducted discourse analysis and used case study methods to examine classroom discourse over 20 days of inquiry across an academic year within the context of a larger, design-based research project.

Findings:

We identify how two teachers build toward and facilitate three types of disciplinary, whole-class, text-based discussions: Sensemaking, Argumentative, and Culminating Argumentative. We analyze the instructional work involved in preparing students for discussions, in situating discussions within a larger context of inquiry, and in facilitating discussions in the moment, focusing on the intellectual work being done when students take extended turns of talk that build on what has been said before.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

This work contributes a broader understanding of how students’ full participation in disciplinary discussion and argumentation can be supported in the context of inquiry. We draw implications for enabling all students to participate in inquiry, with particular attention to students learning English or needing support for reading complex sources.
Impact of COVID-19 on college student diet quality and physical activity
Authors: Olfert Melissa D. , Wattick Rachel A. , Saurborn Emily G. , Hagedorn Rebecca L.
Published: March 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic can cause in increase in stress experienced by college students and consequently, potentially adversely affect their health behaviours. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate how COVID-19 impacted college-attending young adults diet quality and physical activity. Methods: Students attending an Appalachian university in spring 2020 participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were surveyed on their eating habits, diet quality, and physical activity before and since COVID-19. Frequencies of responses were analyzed and Bowker's test was used to determine differences in responses before and since COVID-19. Alpha was set at 0.05. Results: Almost one third (32.6%) of students reported eating somewhat more since COVID-19 and 67.9% of these students stated it was due to boredom. Students showed a significant increase in frequency of eating and in consumption of almost every food group. The number of students engaging in low physical activity increased from 27.8% to 51.9% and the number of students engaging in high physical activity decreased from 59.5% to 34.0% (p < .0001) and many switched to the use of at-home workouts. Conclusion: Results indicate the effects of campus closure on college student's lifestyles and the risk of developing health problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially inhibiting their academic progress and well-being.
Which capital do you mobilise? How bureaucratic encounters shape jobseekers’ social and cultural capital in France and Germany
Authors: Clouet Hadrien , Freier Carolin , Senghaas Monika
Published: March 2022

Based on participant observations in the French and German public employment services (PES), this article proposes a new way of analysing bureaucratic encounters following Bourdieu’s capital theory. We show that caseworkers who are supposed to support jobseekers into employment, force the allegedly needy jobseekers to accumulate capital, but only in its cultural or social form, and never both at the same time. While there are national differences in the accumulation process, the findings highlight the coexistence of two different strategies: accumulation of cultural capital for a long-term and stable return to employment or accumulation of social capital for a short-term and temporary access to employment. Caseworkers attribute different importance to each type of capital, which results in an uneven distribution that reproduces inequalities through social policy services.
Dual-layer spectral detector CT arthrography of the shoulder: assessment of image quality and value in differentiating calcium from iodine
Authors: Yoon Hyeyoung , Kang Yusuhn , Kim Hyo Jin , Lee Eugene , Ahn Joong Mo , Lee Joon Woo
Published: March 2022

Background

Dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (DLCT) may potentially improve CT arthrography through enhanced image quality and analysis of the chemical composition of tissue.

Purpose

To evaluate the image quality of monoenergetic reconstructions from DLCT arthrography of the shoulder and assess the additional diagnostic value in differentiating calcium from iodine.

Material and Methods

Images from consecutive shoulder DLCT arthrography examinations performed between December 2016 and February 2018 were retrospectively reviewed for hyperattenuating lesions within the labrum and tendons. The mean attenuation of the target lesion, noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the virtual monoenergetic images obtained at 40–200 keV were compared with conventional 140-kVp images. Two evaluators independently classified each target lesion as contrast media or calcification, without and with DLCT spectral data. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance of shoulder DLCT arthrography, without and with the aid of spectral data.

Results

The study included 20 target lesions (18 DLCT arthrography examinations of 17 patients). The SNRs of the monoenergetic images at 40–60 keV were significantly higher than those of conventional images ( P < 0.05). The CNRs of the monoenergetic images at 40–70 keV were significantly higher than those of conventional images ( P < 0.001). The ability to differentiate calcium from iodine, without and with DLCT spectral data, did not significantly differ ( P = 0.441 and P = 0.257 for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively).

Conclusion

DLCT had no additive value in differentiating calcium from iodine in small, hyperattenuating lesions in the labrum and tendons.
Involvement of adenosine signaling pathway in migraine pathophysiology: A systematic review of clinical studies
Authors: Thuraiaiyah Janu , Kokoti Lili , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Ashina Messoud
Published: March 2022

Objective

To systematically review clinical studies investigating the involvement of adenosine and its receptors in migraine pathophysiology.

Background

Adenosine is a purinergic signaling molecule, clinically used in cardiac imaging during stress tests. Headache is a frequent adverse event after intravenous adenosine administration. Migraine headache relief is reported after intake of adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine. These findings suggest a possible involvement of adenosine signaling in migraine pathophysiology and its potential as a drug target.

Methods

A search through PubMed and EMBASE was undertaken for clinical studies investigating the role of adenosine and its receptors in migraine, published until September 2021.

Results

A total of 2510 studies were screened by title and abstract. Of these, seven clinical studies were included. The main findings were that adenosine infusion induced headache, and plasma adenosine levels were elevated during ictal compared to interictal periods in migraine patients.

Conclusion

The present systematic review emphasizes a potentially important role of adenosine signaling in migraine pathogenesis. Further randomized and placebo-controlled clinical investigations applying adenosine receptors modulators in migraine patients are needed to further understand the adenosine involvement in migraine.
The burden and health care use of patients with migraine and tension-type headache in post-conflict area of Serbia
Authors: Milosevic Nenad , Trajkovic Jasna Zidverc , Mijajlovic Milija , Milosevic Jovana , Novakovic Tatjana , Vitosevic Zdravko , Tasic Mirjana Stojanovic , Pekmezovic Tatjana
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to assess the burden and health care use of adult patients with migraine and tension type headache in a post-conflict area of Serbia.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of adults, living in predominantly Serb communities on the Kosovo and Metohija territory. The required data was obtained through a survey, utilizing a culturally-adapted questionnaire. The study sample comprised of 1,062 adults.

Results

In the year preceding the study, 49.7% of included subjects suffering from migraines and 27.5% of those experiencing tension type headache sought medical assistance for their condition. The majority (88.5%) of the respondents utilized non steroid antiinfammatory drugs as analgesic, while 14.2% used prophylactic treatment. Migraine sufferers reported losing on average 11.1 days in a 3-month period, while those experiencing tension type headache lost 4.7 days (p < 0.001) due to headaches, preventing them from partaking in professional, family and social activities. On headache-free days, 24.5% of the respondents were anxious or tense in anticipation of a headache onset, while 30% did not feel that the headache had completely resolved. Moreover, 11.5% of the sample reported never or rarely feeling in control of the headache, while 20% of the respondents were of view that their headaches were not taken seriously by their employer and co-workers and rarely discuss them. Adverse effect of headaches on education is more frequently noted by migraine sufferers than those experiencing tension type headache (p = 0.001), and this disparity persists in relation to career (p < 0.001) and family planning (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

In Kosovo and Metohija, primary headaches exert a profound influence on the affected individuals and their community, and thus require recognition as one of the priorities of social initiatives aimed at the enhancement of public health.
Deep-Learning Spatiotemporal Prediction Framework for Particulate Matter under Dynamic Monitoring
Authors: Mittal Vishesh , Sasetty Suhas , Choudhary Rashmi , Agarwal Amit
Published: March 2022

With increasing air pollution and its harmful effect on the residents of developing countries, the prediction and analysis of pollutants have become an important research aspect. This study focuses on the spatiotemporal prediction of hourly particulate matter with different deep-learning modeling techniques for Delhi, India. The secondary data of particulate matter concentrations and the meteorological parameters for the four static monitors in the area are collected from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for dates between January 2019 and April 2021. The study area of South Delhi is divided into hexagonal grids. The data sets at the centroid of each grid are formulated with the spatial interpolation method of inverse distance weighting and Kriging. The hexagonal grids are required to collate the data coming from dynamic monitors. Three models with convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and CNN-LSTM are developed for a total of 15 cells. To evaluate developed models, mean absolute error and root mean square error are used. The results from prediction models show that CNN-LSTM models outperform the other two models. The predictions are accurate for the CNN-LSTM model compared with the values obtained from the static monitor. Also, compared with the existing and individual models, the proposed hybrid CNN-LSTM model performed better for most of the cells. The prediction models can also provide the pollutant concentration on various routes, which can assist residents in making travel choices based on the air pollution prediction information. Planners and practitioners can replicate the developed models in other regions.