bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Advocacy and Literacy Policy Development of Sanskrit Literature for the Indian Education System
Authors: Kumari Sneha
Published: February 2025

This study explores the advocacy and policy development surrounding Sanskrit literature within the Indian education system. Sanskrit, often regarded as the repository of India's cultural and intellectual heritage, faces challenges in its integration into modern educational frameworks. The research examines historical and contemporary policies governing Sanskrit education, analysing their alignment with national educational goals and global trends. The study also delves into advocacy efforts by academic, governmental and non-governmental organizations to promote Sanskrit literacy. Key areas of focus include curriculum design, teacher training, and the role of technology in preserving and disseminating Sanskrit texts. Additionally, it evaluates the socio-cultural impact of Sanskrit education, including its potential to bridge traditional knowledge with modern disciplines such as linguistics, artificial intelligence, and philosophy.
[ICF, digitalisation and clinical care pathways in rehabilitation medicine: a possible integration from the goal-planning and the rehabilitation programme design to the evaluation of clinical outcomes]
Authors: Giardini Anna , Traversoni Silvia , Garbelli Claudio , Lodigiani Anna
Published: February 2025

In the light of the growing complexity featuring the contemporary world, a future challenge is represented by the maintenance of the humanization of healthcare, along with the necessity of a highspecificity personalized treatment, in a growing emergency of lack of resources. Furthermore, the ongoing digital revolution spreading in every productive sector involves the health-care system as well, playing a crucial role for the goals of the specialized care-related prevention-treatment-rehabilitation approach of the Rehabilitation Medicine. However, the digitalization of clinical data is not to be considered as a mere tout-court necessity, but it deserves to be planned and carried out with consistent awareness: the digital transformation calls for a theoretical paradigm which, together with a shared language, will be able to embrace its multilevel complexity, taking into account the patient needs, the clinical care pathways and the administrative requests. In the present work the potentialities of the WHO ICF model (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) will be described. In particular, will be discussed the role of the ICF in representing the keystone able to connect the ICD-9-CM classification, the clinical care pathways, the individualized rehabilitation project and program and their digital implementation. Hence, each step of the process that led the implementation of the biopsychosocial model in the ICF Maugeri workflows will be presented, as well as the critical issues related to the digitalisation process and the strengths in safeguarding the patients' wellbeing.
[Self-compassion and secondary traumatisation: results of an observational study conducted in ordinary COVID wards]
Authors: Capodilupo Antonio , Di Vilio Cristina , Pucci Benedetta , Giordani Paola , Milordo Daniela , De Angelis Alessia
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The relationship between Self-compassion and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder does not appear to be investigated among health professionals, in the period of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This study intends to examine it in a hospital unit, where ordinary units have been converted into units for those infected with the virus. Materials and Methods. The cross-sectional observational study was carried out at a hospital in Central Italy, proposing the self-administration of the IES-R Impact Event Stress-Revised and SCS Self-Compassion Scale to nurses. The data were collected, from 10 January to 10 February 2021, on paper; the forms were handed over to the nursing coordinators, who distributed them to the operators.Results. The convenience sample includes 60 nurses, mainly female (76.7%), with an average age of 43 years (sd = 11.9) and with a presence in service of 14.6 years (sd = 11.7). The average level on the total scale Self-compassion 3.02 (ds = 1.26); the average level of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is 2.4 (sd = 0.64); there is a direct correlation between the common Humanity dimension and the intrusive symptoms and the mean total level of PTSD and between the Self-Criticism dimension and the avoidance symptoms.Discussion and Conclusion. The sample shows a good level in the positive dimensions of Self-compassion and low secondary Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Further studies, transversal, on specific more representative samples of nurses, and longitudinal, are required to evaluate the relationship between the two variables, even in the period of COVID-19. The acquisition of a personal attitude is recommended, which increases the positive dimension of Self-compassion, for one's personal well-being in the helping profession.
Occupational exposures, biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Logroscino Giancarlo , Zecca Chiara
Published: February 2025

Brain aging is marked by progressive changes and characterized at cellular, and organ dysfunction occurring in several areas of the brain. The main processes have all in common the deposition of proteins that the brain cannot metabolize anymore. While the aging processes is generalized and present in all individuals is characterized by great variability among individuals with a minority of subjects that are very healthyl even in very old age. Epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest that environmental and occupation exposures years or decades before a diagnosis can trigger the processes that ultimately result in a neurodegenerative disease. The major areas of research in occupational epidemiology will be revised with the role of heavy metals, organic solvents, and pesticides as the main focus of this report.The public health especially in the field of occupational epidemiology of NDG diseases needs an integrated approach. This has been recently named convergence science, a transdisciplinary approach for a research which frames in the same convergence view several fields from epidemiology to physics, informatics, ecology to solve complex questions, including the role of occupation, in biomedicine.
[Metabolic syndrome and workplace]
Authors: Scialpi Natasha , Sanguinetti Moris , Piglionica Marilidia , De Maria Luigi , Lovreglio Piero , Vimercati Luigi , Sabbà Carlo , Soleo Leonardo , Moschetta Antonio
Published: February 2025

Circadian rhythms are endogenous fluctuations modulated by a pacemaker entity located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the ventral hypothalamus that allows daily fluctuations in biochemical, physiological, and behavioral activities. The molecular machinery that controls the circadian activity is expressed not only in the SCN, but also in several peripheral tissues. Several hormones were shown to have daily oscillations, and the so-called nutrient-sensitive hormones, namely insulin, leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin also oscillate on a circadian basis, and their release is, at least partially, regulated by environmental stimuli, such as feeding time and light-dark cycles. In a recent study designed to test the impact of different dietary habists on the human clock, it was found that a change in the dietary habits can alter the gene expression peripherally, as measured by gene expression in circulating monocytes (PBMCs).Therefore, we decided to investigate the gene expression variation in PBMCs of health care workers, in order to identify new circulating biomarkers of metabolic alterations caused by specific work conditions. During our health surveillance we enrolled more than 100 workers and categorizing them for night-shift and radio-exposure conditions. Anamnestic and anthropometric data, serum biochemical indices and whole blood for PBMSCs isolation were collected. The preliminary data suggest a feasible relationship of night shift condition and/or radio-exposure with hepatic steatosis. Therefore, further investigations will be performed by gene expression profiling.
Monitoring human activities that might cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders by means of inertial and magnetic sensors
Authors: Chiari Lorenzo , Ferrari Alberto
Published: February 2025

Activity recognition based on new wearable technologies is considered a key research challenge in the field of applied ergonomics. Deterioration of workers' physical health and loss of workdays impact not only on their wellbeing and quality of life, but also on European countries economy.Musculoskeletal disorders are injuries or pain affecting muscles, joints and tendons. If these disorders are work related are described as Work related Muscoloskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Inertial and magnetic sensor units (IMUs) might open new perspectives in detection and objective measure of WMSDs because they allow to collect data on work activities under free conditions and over extended periods of time. The evolution of technologies has observed not only improvement in measurement accuracy and precision, but also a reduction in intrusiveness and an enhanced fit of the measure technologies.
[Effects on female healthcare workers of the Ministry of health campaign against tobacco smoking]
Authors: La Torre Giuseppe , Guastamacchia Sergio , Barbagallo Alfio , Mannocci Alice
Published: February 2025

Background. Smoking prevalence among health care workers is higher in comparison with general population and the prevalence of women who smoke is higher than among men. In the prevention strategies the multimedia campaign may be a positive impact on the fight against tobacco.Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the last Italian campaign against smoking (Il fumo fammale) in the health care women workers.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Latium and Sicily (Italy) in 2015, through an interview on memories and impressions about the spots and after a new vision of the spot and eventually other comments.Results. 357 individuals entered the study, 204 female health care workers and 153 from the general population.The female health care workers were more skeptical than the general population. The impressions aroused in the healthcare workers versus the general population were: sadness (OR=2.96;1C95%:1.17-7.49), indifference (OR=5.57;1C95%:2.43-12.77); while a cue to reflect was more considered from general population than health care workers (OR=0.13;1C95%:0.07-0.23). The female professionals health referred the main characteristics of the spot as no original, no impactful, no persuasive and boring too.Conclusion. In conclusion the multimedia campaign to fight against the smoking should be useful, but the psico-behavioural factors have applied and considered when it is implemented; to reduce the tobacco consumption in the healthcare workers can make them an example for the people of healthy life styles and they are a start up of prevention mechanism too.Furthermore it is important to consider the healthcare professional's opinions for future healthy communications and multimedia campaign on tobacco harm.
Job insecurity, subjective well-being and the moderating role of locomotion
Authors: Bobbio Andrea , Manganelli Anna Maria , Cannone Silvano
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the moderating role of locomotion – a functional and fundamental dimension of self-regulation – in the relationship between job insecurity and subjective well-being. A group of 205 adult Italian workers took part in the research by filling out an anonymous questionnaire that included measures of job insecurity, locomotion, satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect. Results showed that job insecurity was positively related to negative affect and negatively related to life satisfaction and positive affect. Locomotion was positively related to life satisfaction and positive affect and acted as a moderator only in the case of the link between job insecurity and negative affect. This means that when perceived insecurity is high, negative affect is lower for respondents scoring high versus low on locomotion. Results and suggestions for future studies are presented and discussed.
[Contribution to the Italian validation of the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (CIASS)]
Authors: Spadaro Giuliana , Romano Angelo , Mosso Cristina O.
Published: February 2025

Background. Interpersonal relationships contribute to the psychological adjustments to chronic disease, directly affecting health and, more generally, life satisfaction of patients. Those factors are often threatened by the fear of becoming target of prejudices and discrimination from those who share their daily life with. Thus, this study proposes a contribution to the Italian adaptation and validation of the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (CIASS), a brief questionnaire (12 items) that aims to assess perceived stigma of chronic illness patients in family, work and health care contexts. Method. 279 chronic illness patients have completed the questionnaire, comparing the scores with those obtained in depression (BDI-Il), anxiety (STAI), and internalized stigma scales. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Italian sample has shown the same structure of the original questionnaire, composed by three dimensions of anticipated stigma, experienced with family and friends, work colleagues and health care providers. Correlation analyses confirm the relation between scores of anticipated stigma and other mental health indicators as anxiety and depression. Conclusion. Italian version of CIASS demonstrates to be a valid and reliable instrument, considering it both as an indicator of person's state of health and a promising marker of the specific kind of perceived discrimination in family, care and working contexts.
Control measurements for lasers in physiotherapy
Authors: Bivona Rosanna , Tomaselli Alessandra , Frigerio Francesco
Published: February 2025

In physical rehabilitation, is diffused the skin irradiation with near infrared laser at a fluence below 140 J/cm', achieving a bio-stimulating effect that is due to the absorption of radiation in mitochondria rather than the simple heating of tissues. In order to deliver radiation without thermal damage of the skin, are used radiation pulses which duration does not allow heat accumulation and propagation far from the irradiated target; this requires laser sources with average power below 10 W implying a safety classification as "potentially dangerous for eye and skin", or "class 4" according to the applicable international standards. In this paper, 6 laser therapy devices, of 5 different manufactures and models have been analyzed from the point of view of actual radiation output and user safety. In each case, one or more of the characteristic declared by the manufacturer in the user manual have been found different from the actual measured value. The actual accessible energy levels have been found to be complying with risk class 3B. The impact of the new version of the Standard IEC 60825-1 (2014), is also discussed, considering in particular the possible classification in the new class IC, and the maximum permissible levels for pulsed lasers. An extension of the measurement protocols is proposed in order to assure effective and safe use of laser in physical therapy.
Psychopathological characteristics of adjustment disorder among outpatients with and without work related stress
Authors: Roma Paolo , Monaco Edoardo , Prestigiacomo Claudio , Innamorati Marco , De Mattia Martina , Ferracuti Stefano
Published: February 2025

Study's objective is to assess psychopathological profiles in outpatients with a diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder (AD) who had positive evaluations of work related stress (AD-W) versus those exposed to other stressful life events (AD-O). The participants were 70 outpatients with AD-W, compared to 71 outpatients with AD-O, admitted at the Unit of Psychiatry and Occupational Medicine, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome. Patients completed the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2 (MMPI-2), and the Rorschach test. The emerged data underline that patients with AD-W scored significantly higher than patients with AD-O in the MMPI-2 scales D, Pd, Pa, FAM, and in the Rorschach anxiety scale (Sum Y). Finally patients with AD-W showed greater levels of psychopathology compared to patients with AD-O. Further studies assessing the harm associated with stress might allow a better understanding of the diagnosis and therapeutic implications of AD.
Gender differences among cancer nurses’ stress perception and coping: an Italian single centre observational study
Authors: Caruso Rosario , Miazza Daniela , Gigli Berzolari Francesca , Grugnetti Anna Maria , Lichosik Danuta , Arrigoni Cristina
Published: February 2025

The literature on gender differences in stress perception and coping has been produced diverse results, and there is a shortage of studies on this topic among cancer nurses. For this reason, the aim of this study was to describe the gender differences related to cancer nurses' stress perception and coping. This study had a cross-sectional design, using a secondary data analysis on dataset (sample = 126 cancer nurses, 74% females). The stress perception and the coping strategies were assessed using Burnout Potential Inventory (BPI) and Health Profession Stress and Coping Scale, nurses' version (HPSCS). Female cancer nurses perceived more stress from personal attacks than males. Indeed, female over 45 years had a significant higher perception of stress, but they used the request for social support (functional coping) as a coping strategy more than males. Our results could help to clearly understand what are the main gender differences in coping and in perceiving stress among Italian cancer nurses, and to incentive more research.
Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Seychelles: Challenges and proposed strategies
Authors: Etongo Daniel , Bristol Uvicka , Cetoupe Daniel , Landry Jade , Labrosse Jean-Claude
Published: February 2025

Integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) has gained traction among scientists and development practitioners, given their complementary benefits of reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems, livelihoods and protection of assets while concomitantly enabling the achievements of the Paris Agreement, Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework on DRR. However, guidance on integrating climate and disaster risk is poorly understood because of insufficient scholarship. Although common concerns exist, the effective integration of DRR and CCA faces diverse challenges in various countries and contexts, and no study has addressed this topic in the Indian Ocean Region and Seychelles. To address this knowledge gap, a content analysis of relevant policies and strategies and in-depth interviews with 40 stakeholders were conducted to identify the challenges of integrating DRR and CCA alongside their proposed strategy for improvement. Barriers that impede the effective mainstreaming of DRR and CCA include issues about (1) governance and politics; (2) policy integration; (3) competing actors and institutions; (4) coordination and collaboration; (5) resources and funding mechanism; (6) scale mismatches; (7) implementation and mainstreaming; (8) community involvement; and (9) information, communication and knowledge sharing. This study reveals that structural coherence was weak on the strategic rather than conceptual levels, leading to poor institutional, operational and financial coordination. This led to incidental integration and collaboration happening on an ad hoc basis with the Disaster Risk Management Division positioned towards emergency preparedness and response. Proposed recommendations to enhance DRR and CCA integration are provided.Contribution: This study serves as a guide for Seychelles and other countries on how to effectively link DRR and CCA to minimise duplication of efforts and enhance the efficient use of human and financial resources while concomitantly achieving the objectives of DRR – to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience.
A Study on Prevalence of Asymptomatic Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients of Metabolic Syndrome with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Krishna S. V. S. , Rana Sandeep , Singh Priyanka , Choudhary Robin , Sharma Anmol
Published: February 2025

Aim:

To find out the prevalence of asymptomatic pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in metabolic syndrome patients who have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Objectives:

To find out the presence of asymptomatic PHT by two-dimensional echocardiography (2D ECHO) who have metabolic syndrome by WHO diagnostic criteria and OSA done by polysomnography. In this study, we also assessed the glycemic status in patients with metabolic syndrome with OSA and asymptomatic PHT.

Materials and Methods:

Study population: All patients attending tertiary care outpatient department for type 2 diabetes/prediabetes/dyslipidemia/hypertension/obesity were screened for metabolic syndrome features.

Results:

In a pilot study, 34 consecutive patients were found to have metabolic syndrome by the WHO diagnostic criteria. 28 (82%) of metabolic syndrome patients had OSA. 14 out of 28 patients (50%) had PHT by 2D ECHO. Prediabetes was more prevalent, 22 (65%) among patients with metabolic syndrome than diabetes (32%). All but one patient who had no OSA was found to have moderate PHT. Asymptomatic PHT was found in 6/12 (50%) of diabetics and in 8/22 (36%) in prediabetes. Except for one, diabetes duration of all was <10 years and all prediabetes were recently detected within 1 year.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that PHT is associated with a 4-fold higher occurrence of metabolic syndrome than patients with OSA. It is more prevalent in prediabetes and diabetes. The detection of the association of diabetes mellitus, OSA, and asymptomatic PHT in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction requires further longitudinal studies. The prevalence of PHT increases with increasing severity of OSA; therefore, early detection is beneficial.
Study on Incidence of Pregnancy-related Acute Kidney Injury and Its Associated Risk Factors and Outcomes: In Preponderant Tribal State of India
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Trivedi Kiran , Banerjee Sudipto , Sharma Apoorwa , Sinha Tulika , Boipai Payal , Kumari Shiwani
Published: February 2025

Background:

Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) may occur due to various causes from conception to puerperium. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and associated risk factors and evaluate fetomaternal outcomes in PRAKI at tertiary care institution.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with enrollment of pregnant females with PRAKI, ≥28 weeks, and up to 7 days of puerperium, diagnosed as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria – serum creatinine >1.3 mg/dl at admission or increased by 0.3 mg/dL within 48 h or >1.5 times within 7 days or urine output <0.5 ml/kg/h. A detailed history including sociodemographic factors, obstetric history, and underlying medical disorders with primary cause and obstetric precipitating factors of PRAKI was noted. The sample size was 184 patients and followed up with serial renal function test, serum electrolytes, input/urine output monitoring, and dialysis, on nephrologist advice. Complete renal recovery was considered if serum creatinine <1.3 mg/dl at discharge.

Results:

In the present study, the incidence of PRAKI was 3.16%, the mean age was 25.36 ± 5.13 years, and 76.08% of patients were antenatal, mostly primigravida. Primary causes were hypertension (57.06%), hemorrhage (20.65%), multiorgan failure (MOF), sepsis, and other causes. Obstetric complications which precipitate PRAKI were eclampsia (antepartum [52.38%], severe preeclampsia [44.77%], and postpartum [2.86%]), hemorrhage (antepartum [28.59%] and postpartum [23.68%]), hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome (3.8%), and acute fatty liver of pregnancy (2.71%). The mean serum creatinine (mg/dL) at admission, after 48 h, and at discharge were 1.92 ± 0.87, 2.69 ± 1.33, and 1.09 ± 0.32, respectively (P = 0.0001). The mean blood urea (mg/dL) at admission and at discharge were 83.9 ± 30.42 and 37.2 ± 7.12, respectively (P = 0.0001). Hemodialysis was performed in 42 (22.83%) patients; 142 patients (77.17%) were managed conservatively. Complete recovery in 137 (74.46%), 19 (10.33%) maternal mortality, 5 (11.9%) patients progressed to chronic kidney disease, median hospital stay 10 days, intensive care unit (ICU) stay 8 days (P = 0.0001). Live birth, intrauterine death, and neonatal ICU admission were in 128 (69.57%), 56 (30.43%), and 42 (32.81%) patients, respectively.

Conclusion:

Proper antenatal care, timely referral, and early detection and management of PRAKI may minimize fetomaternal morbidity and mortality.
“SYRI” – A hands-on teaching model for SYRInging of nasolacrimal duct
Authors: Khiyani Akash R , Mohanty Preeti
Published: February 2025

Background:

Nasolacrimal duct (NLD) screening is a standard before cataract surgery. Lacrimal sac pressure and syringing rules out NLD obstructions.[1] However, lacrimal syringing is invasive and risks iatrogenic injury to the lacrimal drainage system (LDS).[2]

Purpose:

Practice model for lacrimal syringing and understanding outflow obstructions.

Synopsis:

The model included an inner functional part and an outer mechanical part. Two circular apertures were first made in the ink dropper (lacrimal sac) and two hollow silicone tubing of 10 mm length were glued to the apertures (upper and lower canaliculi). The tubing were bent using pins for the horizontal and vertical canaliculi. Silicone liquid was then poured into 3D-printed mould with LDS model kept inside and was left for 3–4 h. The inner model was modified by fitting small silicone balls, and obstructions were created at various levels such as lower, upper, common canaliculus, and NLD. In normal LDS, when the fluorescein dye passed through one of the tubing, it exited at the NLD opening. If the dye regurgitated through the same tubing, it suggested same canalicular block. Regurgitation from the opposite tubing suggested either a common canalicular block or an NLD obstruction. The model presents a commendable representation of the NLD system; however, it does exhibit some limitations. Notably, the absence of eyelid margins hinders the precise localization of stenotic puncta and the effective utilization of punctum dilators. In addition, the model cannot replicate the lateral pulling of the eyelid, which is crucial for effective probing procedure.

Highlights:

Our Do it yourself (DIY) syringing model called “SYRI” is a cost-effective way to practice syringing, enhancing the understanding of canalicular and NLD blocks. While not meant for probing, its repeated use improves proficiency in syringing, benefiting patient care. The model is easily replicated and can serve as foundation for teaching complex surgeries like dacryocystorhinostomy.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/xbKl33-W0VA
Comparison of two different intraocular lenses used in the modified Yamane technique
Authors: Aydin Fahri O , Aksoy Burakhan K , Ceylan Ali , Akbaş Yusuf B , Karapapak Murat , Yildiz Burçin Kepez , Yildirim Yusuf
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

To compare AcrySof MA60AC (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA) and Sensar AR40e (Johnson and Johnson, Santa Ana, CA, USA) used in Yamane sutureless scleral fixation technique in terms of visual acuity, refractive stability, and complications.

Methods:

A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Istanbul Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: The first group consisted of patients with MA60AC lenses, while the second group consisted of patients with AR40e. Aphakic patients who underwent secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and had postoperative minimum 3-month follow-up records were included. Visual acuity, refractive outcomes, perioperative and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:

Forty-nine patients were included in the study. Twenty-two patients were in the first group and 27 patients were in the second group. Age, gender, and follow-up time were similar between groups (P = 0.546, 0.213, and 0.347, respectively). The median lenticular astigmatism value was 0.86 (0.08–2.11) D in group 1 and 0.99 (0.31–2.96) D in group 2 (P = 0.898). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of visual acuity, spherical, cylindrical, and spherical equivalent values (P = 0.752, 0.375, 0.073, and 0.949, respectively). In group 1, a haptic tip fracture and optic–haptic separation were observed perioperatively. Optic–haptic junction separation was observed in one patient in group 1 on postoperative day 1. In group 1, epiretinal membrane development was significantly higher (P = 0.019).

Conclusions:

Both AcrySof MA60AC and Sensar AR40e IOLs via the modified Yamane technique yielded favorable and predictable outcomes. Although statistically insignificant, haptic problems were more common in the first group.
Evaluation of change in the orientation of intraocular lens in the bag using intraoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before and after capsular tension ring implantation
Authors: Shetty Naren , Ranade Reshma , Jain Akash , Narasimhan Raghav , Patel Yash , Nuijts Rudy , Shetty Rohit
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The purpose is to study the change in the contact of the IOL with the posterior capsule using intraoperative SD-OCT before and after implantation of the CTR post implantation of the IOL in the capsular bag.

Methods:

A total of 51 eyes of 51 patients with senile immature cataract underwent topical phacoemulsification procedure with implantation of an extended depth of focus intraocular lens by a single experienced surgeon. The Rescan 700 SD-OCT system was used for intraoperative imaging. These patients were imaged using intraoperative SD-OCT after implantation of the IOL and before and after implantation of appropriate size of CTR. The vertical height between posterior surface of the lens capsule and the posterior surface of the IOL was measured and compared across 3 CTR sizes.

Results:

The vertical height between the posterior surface of the lens capsule and the posterior surface of the IOL reduced significantly post CTR implantation (P value < 0.001) in all three groups. The change in height after CTR implantation was seen highest with the CTR size 13 mm and lowest with CTR size 11 mm.

Conclusion:

Significant improvement of contact between the IOL and the posterior capsule was shown after implantation of the CTR. Larger the size CTR, more the contact of the IOL with the bag was shown.
Repeatability and agreement of a new anterior segment optical coherence tomography with standard devices in normal, keratoconus, and post-refractive eyes
Authors: Kundu Gairik , Shetty Naren , Modak Durgalaxmi , Kaweri Luci , Khamar Pooja , Arora Vishal , Nuijts Rudy M M A , Shetty Rohit
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

To assess repeatability and agreement of Eyestar 900 (Haag-Streit, Köniz, Switzerland) with Pentacam AXL Wave system (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering GmBH, Heidelberg, Germany), and MS-39 (CSO, Florence, Italy) in measuring anterior segment parameters.

Methods:

Two hundred normal eyes, 50 keratoconus (KC) eyes, and 50 post-refractive surgery eyes underwent three sequential scans on each instrument. The order of scans was randomized. Repeatability was assessed using within-subject standard deviation (Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the 95% limits of agreement.

Results:

Eyestar 900 had comparable repeatability to Anterion and MS-39 across groups. ICC was overall >0.8. Pentacam AXL Wave had lower Sw (better repeatability) across all groups. In normal eyes, Eyestar 900 can be used interchangeably with MS-39 and Anterion (P > 0.23). Eyestar 900 and Pentacam AXL Wave did not show agreement on any parameter, except anterior chamber depth (ACD) (P = 0.92). Eyestar 900 in KC eyes can be used interchangeably with MS-39, except for posterior keratometry (pK) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) (P < 0.001), and with Anterion, except for TCT and ACD (P < 0.001). In post-refractive eyes, Eyestar 900 can be used interchangeably with MS-39, except for pK (P < 0.001), and with Anterion, except for ACD (P < 0.001). Pentacam AXL Wave and Eyestar 900 cannot be used interchangeably in KC and post-refractive eyes.

Conclusions:

Newer devices such as Eyestar 900 can be used interchangeably with Anterion and MS-39 in normal eyes and partly in KC and post-refractive eyes. Pentacam AXL Wave and Eyestar 900 cannot be used interchangeably across the various groups. However, these multifunctional hybrid tools of combined topography, AS-OCT, can be helpful in refractive clinics.
Mediolateral Width of the Footprint of the Superior Rotator Cuff in the Indian Population and Its Correlation with the Size of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Gupta Tuisha , Batta Nafisa Shakir , Mishra Pallav
Published: February 2025

Background:

Management of partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesions is guided by the Ellman classification, which is based on the mediolateral width of the tear, considering a normal footprint width of 12 mm. However, recent studies have shown that the normal footprint width varies considerably. The current study was designed to measure the mediolateral footprint dimension of the superior rotator cuff in the Indian population and to correlate it with the size of the proximal humerus.

Materials and Methods:

The study was performed on archival magnetic resonance imaging films of 50 patients without cuff tears, aged 18–35 years (25 males and 25 females). The width of the superior-most part of the cuff footprint was measured. In addition, three measurements were taken to represent the proximal humerus size. These were the diameter of the anatomical humeral neck, the mediolateral width of the proximal humerus, and the mediolateral width of the proximal humeral shaft. All measurements were done by two observers and were repeated by both observers after a gap of more than 7 days.

Results:

The mean mediolateral width of the superior cuff footprint was 11.3 ± 0.29 mm in males and 9.9 ± 0.23 mm in females. It showed a positive correlation with all three variables representing the proximal humerus size, with r > 0.50. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest and inter-rater reliabilities was ≥90% for all measurements.

Conclusion:

The mean footprint width of the superior rotator cuff in young Indians is lower than those reported in world literature, particularly in females. These findings highlight the need for taking into consideration the footprint dimensions in the normal population for defining the classification and surgical indications of PASTA lesions.
Knowledge and awareness on cleft lip and palate among dental professionals in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Garoma Gelana
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital craniofacial malformation that results when facial structures fail to close in an unborn baby. The etiology of CLP is multifactorial; including genetic, environmental, or a combination of both. Children with CLP may face major impacts that include feeding difficulty, dental problems, speech, voice formation, breathing, and hearing loss. The management of CLP involves a multidisciplinary team approach.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of CLP in all the aspects among dental professionals in Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire assessing knowledge on CLP etiology, risk factors, prevalence, dental findings, associated syndromes, management, and feeding advice was distributed to Ethiopian dental doctors using Google Forms through E-mail and telegram group. A convenience sampling technique was used. Statistical analysis was performed using EPi Info version 7.2.6. The results were presented using frequency tables and figures.

Results:

A total of 173 dental practitioners were included in the survey. A majority (64.74% of respondents) were male. The most common age group was 21–30 years (54.9%), with an average mean of 28.65 years. The overall percentage of correct responses among dental professionals on the etiology of CLP was respectable (74.57%). The best results were found in regard to CLP prevalence unilateral lip (91.4%) and dental findings congenitally absent teeth (93.6%). The lowest rate of correct responses was recognized in relation to timing of CL (50.87%) and palate (49.71%) management. The association between the level of practice and knowledge on timing of CLP repair is statistically significant; the P < 0.05. There is also limited response in relation to the feeding advice of cleft patients, who agreed on frequent burping (46.82%) and on maximum feeding time for 35 min (47.97%).

Conclusions:

This study showed insufficient knowledge among dental doctors regarding maternal risk factors, associated syndrome of CLP, feeding advice, as well as timing of management. In addition, the majority of respondents had not attended previous courses or particular training on CLP. Dental specialists and general dental practitioners play a crucial role in the team management of children with CLP. Therefore, dental schools should give attention and teach the candidate in their early clinical attachment. This survey is also a home-take message for professional associations and other stakeholders to plan effective and extensive continuing professional development courses to increase the knowledge and awareness of dental practitioners.
A Five-Year Retrospective Study on the Longevity and Complications of Full-Mouth Rehabilitation with Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Rajput Mansi , Suman Neelam , Bhushan Purnendu , Dewan Harisha , Begum Khadiza , Sharma Garima , Mansoor Manawar A.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Full-mouth rehabilitation with fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) is a common treatment for patients requiring extensive oral rehabilitation. However, the longevity and complications associated with FDPs remain areas of clinical interest due to the high prevalence of technical and biological failures. This study aims to assess the longevity and complications associated with full-mouth FDPs over a five-year period.

Methods:

This retrospective study reviewed patient records over 5 years, focusing on the survival rates and complications of full-mouth rehabilitations using FDPs. Key parameters included prosthesis failure, biological complications (e.g. peri-implantitis), and technical complications (e.g., fractures). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate complication rates across different FDP materials and patient profiles.

Results:

Over the five-year period, a total of 150 full-mouth FDP cases were analyzed. The overall survival rate of FDPs was 92%, with 15% of patients experiencing technical complications and 12% experiencing biological complications. Zirconia-based prostheses had a higher survival rate compared to metal-ceramic prostheses. A detailed statistical analysis is presented in two tables.

Conclusion:

Full-mouth rehabilitation with FDPs demonstrates a high survival rate over 5 years. However, both technical and biological complications remain significant concerns, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up and maintenance.
Comparative Study of Patient-Reported Outcomes with Different Aesthetic Restorative Materials in Anterior Teeth
Authors: Singh Ipsita , Al Suwaidi Noora O. E. S. , Pisarla Manish , Chundi Bharathi , Mansoor Manawar A. , Abdul Hina N. , Makwana Trupti G.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The study aims to compare patient-reported outcomes for aesthetic restorations in anterior teeth using composite resins, glass ionomer cements (GICs), and ceramic-based restorations. Patient satisfaction regarding aesthetics, functionality, durability, and overall experience was evaluated.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective cohort study included 180 patients (aged 18–65 years) who required anterior aesthetic restorations. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either composite resin, GIC, or ceramic restorations. Satisfaction with aesthetics, comfort, and durability was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 1-, 6-, and 12-month post-treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, with a P value < 0.05 considered significant.

Results:

Ceramic restorations scored the highest for aesthetics (VAS 9.1), functionality (VAS 9.0), and durability (5% reported issues). Composite resins had lower durability (15% reported issues) but scored well in aesthetics (VAS 8.2). GICs had the lowest overall satisfaction, with 25% reporting durability issues. Overall satisfaction was highest for ceramics (94%), followed by composites (85%) and GICs (68%).

Conclusion:

Ceramic restorations offer superior aesthetic and functional outcomes. Composite resins provide a cost-effective option with acceptable aesthetics, while GICs were rated lower due to their limited durability and aesthetics.
Analysis of Growth and Developmental Milestones in Preterm Infants: An Original Research
Authors: Pavethynath Shilpa , Lingayat Nitin , Singh Shashi Mauli , Martande Santosh S. , Shashank Chapala , Soni Harshprabha , Swarnkar Sagar
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This longitudinal research aimed to analyze the growth patterns and achievement of developmental milestones in preterm infants from birth to 24 months corrected age.

Methods:

Five hundred babies were born before they were due at less than 37 weeks of pregnancy. Standardized methods were used to measure growth factors like weight, length, and head size at regular times. At certain times, developmental goals were checked off.

Results:

Infants born before their due dates grew quickly during their first 2 years of life, gaining a lot of weight, length, and head size. However, preterm babies were slower than term infants to reach developmental goals, especially in the language and social-emotional areas.

Conclusion:

This longitudinal research provides valuable insights into the growth and developmental trajectories of preterm infants. Early identification and intervention are crucial for optimizing outcomes in this population.
Innovations in brachytherapy
Authors: Lim Joshua , Teo Alvin Wei Jun , Siow Tian Rui , Chan Kwang Ping , Tan Gavin Siew Wei
Published: February 2025

Plaque brachytherapy plays an essential role in the management of intraocular tumors, allowing localized treatment while minimizing damage to surrounding structures. Since the earliest reports of sutured radon seeds used in glioma treatment in the 1920s, plaque brachytherapy in the field of ocular oncology has continued to expand and improve significantly. Today, a wide variety of ocular conditions, both oncologic and not can be treated using plaque brachytherapy. Continued innovations have also improved clinical safety and efficacy for both providers and patients alike. The use of new radioisotopes, combined with continued refinement in plaque design and applicators alongside radiation dose planning are some of novel methods used to maximize coverage and reduce radiation exposure to critical eye structures. In this paper, we will discuss promising future developments that will continue to revolutionize treatment.
A Comparative Analysis of Biofloc-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Various Sources
Authors: Saeedi Khadem Hussain , Chapara Manjulatha , Raju D.V.V. Satyanarayana
Published: February 2025

Biofloc technology is an innovative approach in aquaculture and wastewater treatment that leverages the flocculating abilities of microbial communities to improve water quality and enhance productivity. This study aimed to isolate and characterize biofloc-producing bacteria from shrimp pond environments in Visakhapatnam. Four distinct shrimp pond locations were selected, and water samples were incubated in an Imhoff cone to promote biofloc formation under laboratory conditions. Bacterial strains were isolated and identified based on their biochemical profiles and biofloc production capabilities. The results showed that biofloc production began at 48 h, and BMV-2, KBF-111, KDK-1, and BGP-6 reached 30 ml/L at 72 h. Biochemical tests and molecular analysis showed a high similarity to Klebsiella pneumonia. This study underscores the potential of these bacterial strains for aquaculture treatment, highlighting their optimal biofloc production times and diverse metabolic capabilities. These findings support the application of biofloc technology in sustainable aquaculture practices and environmental management.
Replacement of Fishmeal by Three Cricket Meals (Acheta domesticus, Gryllus bimaculatus, Teleogryllus mitratus) in Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) Fry Feed: Effect of Growth, Stress Tolerance, Pigmentation and Histopathological Alterations
Authors: Perera G.S. Champika , Senanayake S.A.D. Narendri , Sandaruwani D.R. , Salgadu M.C. Kithmini Swarnahansi , Rajapakshe A.D.W.R. , Athauda Saman
Published: February 2025

Fishmeal (FM) has become one of the significant determinants of aquaculture due to its higher nutritional quality attributes. However, unsustainability, food security issues and soaring prices force the aqua feed industry to find alternatives to FM. Insect meals are becoming a sustainable alternative to FM due to their comparable nutritional content and environmental friendliness. A ten-week experiment was performed using the red velvet strain of swordtail (SF) (Xiphophorus helleri) fry. Twelve fiberglass tanks with four treatments and three replicates were used, placing fifteen fish in each tank. FM of the control (FM100) was replaced by house cricket (Acheta domesticus) meal (HC100), field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal (FC100), and ground cricket (Teleogryllus mitratus) meal (GC100). The growth performance and stress tolerance were measured at the end of the experiment. Further, color intensity and hepatic cells were analyzed. Results confirmed that the applicable three cricket meals can replace FM without affecting growth performances, pigmentation, and stress tolerance (P˂0.05). In contrast, the alternations can be observed in all the treatments in liver cells. Thus, all the researched cricket meals are suitable to replace FM in SF fry diets. However, further research is required to minimize the damage to the hepatic cells.
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Powder on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Body Composition in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Bilgin Özlem , Karabulut Huriye Arıman , Tırıl Serap Ustaoglu
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of green tea powder on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of rainbow trout. A total of 546 fish with an average body weight of 40.4±0.01 g were divided in the seven experimental treatments. The fish were fed with diets containing 0%(control), 0.25%(diet1), 0.5%(diet2), 1%(diet3), 2%(diet4), and 3%(diet5) of dried green tea (GT) powder containin 5.3±0.04% epigallocatechin gallate-3-gallate (EGCG), 1%(diet6) green tea dust (GTD) containing 6.5±0.07% EGCG for 60 days. Fish fed with diet 2 had higher weight gain, specific growth rate, apparent net protein retention, and protein efficiency ratio than other groups, and had a lower feed conversion ratio than other groups, but not significantly changed than control group (P>0.05). Crude lipid content of liver and fillet in fish fed experimental diets were significantly lower than of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). These results showed that dietary supplementation of GT powder in trout feed promoted the growth performance and feed utilization, and also administration of 1% level of GTD and different doses of GT powder in the experimental diets showed lipid-lowering effects for rainbow trout.