bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the MGIT 960/EpiCenter TB eXiST system for drug susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium abscessus complex
Authors: CARVALHO Natalia de , LEÃO Sylvia , Bombarda Sidney , Arbeit Robert D , CHIMARA Erica
Published: January 2021

Background: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) and other rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria by conventional broth microdilution (BMD) is complicated due to inducible resistance to clarithromycin and other technical factors. The goals of this study were to develop a protocol for performing DST of MABSC clinical isolates on the BACTEC MGIT 960/Epicenter TB eXiST and provide an initial assessment of its reliability and utility.Methods: M. abscessus ATCC19977 was used as the reference strain for developing the protocol and as the internal control for DST done by BMD method per CLSI guidelines plus resazurin. Both methods were applied to 31 MABSC clinical isolates submitted to our reference center. Genotyping was performed for the rrl and erm(41) genes known to impact clarithromycin resistance phenotype.Results: The 31 MABSC isolates included 14 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, 8 M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, and 9 M. abscessus subsp. bolletii. By standard BMD method, a high percentage of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin (93.5%) and imipenem (100%), and sensitive to amikacin (96.7%). Comparing microplate and MGIT 960 results across those 93 pairs of results (31 isolates x 3 antibiotics), 75 (80.6%) were concordant and the remaining 18 (19.4%) represented minor errors; there were no major or very major errors. Concordance was 100% for amikacin, 84% for imipenem, and 58% for cefoxitin. Clarithromycin DST by microplate and MGIT 960 both identified 14 (45.2%) isolates as susceptible. Microplate identified 3 (9.6%) isolates as resistant after 3 days incubation, with 14 (45.2%) demonstrating inducible resistance from Day 5 to 14. Among those 17 isolates, the MGIT 960 protocol, without modifications, reported 9 (29.0%) as resistant and 8 (25.8%) as intermediate. For all isolates, the observed clarithromycin susceptibility phenotypes were consistent with the genotypes. Conclusion: This study details the development of a DST protocol for MABSC isolates using the MGIT 960/Epicenter TB eXiST system. Based on direct comparison with the standard BMD, the protocol provided highly reliable results, including, without further modification, detection of isolates with inducible-resistance to clarithromycin. These findings support proceeding to the multi-laboratory collaborative study required for validation of the protocol.
Effect of different thermal stimuli on improving microcirculation in the contralateral foot
Authors: Ren Weiyan , Xu Liqiang , Zheng Xuan , Pu Fang , Li Deyu , Fan Yubo
Published: January 2021

Backgroud: The lower extremities of the body often suffer from impaired microcirculation, particularly in the elderly or people with underlying conditions such as diabetes. Especially for people suffering from peripheral vascular diseases, skin lesions or wearing an external fixator in one side of limbs, direct contact treatments are not suitable for them to improve microcirculation. Heating the contralateral limb has been reported to improve blood flow in the impaired limb. However, its effect on plantar microvascular responses has not been previously investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore how heating by warm bath and infrared radiation affects the circulations in the contralateral foot. Twelve healthy adults participated in this study and were randomly assigned to either placing the left foot in a warm bath or exposing it to infrared radiation for 10 minutes intervention every other day. The skin temperature (Temp) and skin blood flow (SBF) in the second metatarsal head of the contralateral foot were measured before and after the intervention.Results: The results showed that both Temp (Bath: from 29.05±3.56 °С to 31.03±4.14 °С; Infrared: from 29.98±3.86 °С to 31.07±3.92 °С) and SBF (Bath: from 62.26±48.12 PU to 97.76±63.90 PU; Infrared: from 63.37±39.88 PU to 85.27±47.62 PU) in the contralateral foot were significantly increased after heating in both tests (P<0.05). However, the contralateral SBF increased for 5 minutes after heating in warm bath test, but only for 1 minute in infrared radiation test.Conclusions: The results of this study show that both heating methods are the effective at increasing contralateral Temp and SBF, but the warm bath has a stronger residual thermal effect.
Mice with a cleavage-resistant N-cadherin exhibit synapse anomaly in the hippocampus and outperformance in spatial learning tasks
Authors: Asada-Utsugi Megumi , Uemura Kengo , Kubota Masakazu , Noda Yasuha , Tashiro Yasutaka , Uemura Maiko T , Yamakado Hodaka , Urushitani Makoto , Takahashi Ryosuke , Hattori Satoko , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Ageta-Ishihara Natsumi , Kobayashi Katsunori , Kinoshita Makoto , Kinoshita Ayae
Published: January 2021

N-cadherin is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule that stabilizes excitatory synapses, by connecting pre- and post-synaptic termini. Upon NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation by glutamate, membrane-proximal domains of N-cadherin are cleaved serially by a-disintegrin-and-metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and then presenilin 1(PS1, catalytic subunit of the γ-secretase complex). To assess the physiological significance of the initial N-cadherin cleavage, we engineer the mouse genome to create a knock-in allele with tandem missense mutations in the mouse N-cadherin/Cadherin-2 gene (Cdh2 R714G, I715D, or GD) that confers resistance on proteolysis by ADAM10 (GD mice). GD mice showed a better performance in the radial maze test, with significantly less revisiting errors after intervals of 30 and 300 sec than WT, and a tendency for enhanced freezing in fear conditioning. Interestingly, GD mice reveal higher complexity in the tufts of thorny excrescence in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Fine morphometry with serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction reveals significantly higher synaptic density, significantly smaller PSD area, and normal dendritic spine volume in GD mice. This knock-in mouse has provided in vivo evidence that ADAM10-mediated cleavage is a critical step in N-cadherin shedding and degradation and involved in the structure and function of glutamatergic synapses, which affect the memory function.
Parasite genetic diversity reflects continued residual malaria transmission in Vhembe District, a hotspot in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Gwarinda Hazel B. , Tessema Sofonias K. , Raman Jaishree , Greenhouse Bryan , Birkholtz Lyn-Marie
Published: January 2021

Background: South Africa aims to eliminate malaria transmission by 2023. However, despite sustained vector control efforts and case management interventions, the Vhembe District remains a malaria transmission hotspot. To better understand Plasmodium falciparum transmission dynamics in the area, this study characterised the genetic diversity of parasites circulating within the Vhembe District.Methods: A total of 1153 falciparum-positive rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were randomly collected from seven clinics within the district, over three consecutive years (2016, 2017 and 2018) during the wet and dry malaria transmission seasons. Using 26 neutral microsatellite markers, differences in genetic diversity were described using a multiparameter scale of multiplicity of infection (MOI), inbreeding metric (Fws), number of unique alleles (A), expected heterozygosity (He), multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic differentiation, and were associated with temporal and geospatial variances. Results: A total of 747 (65%) samples were successfully genotyped. Moderate to high genetic diversity (mean He = 0.74 ± 0.03) was observed in the parasite population. This was ascribed to high allelic richness (mean A = 12.2 ± 1.2). The majority of samples (99%) had unique multi-locus genotypes, indicating high genetic diversity in the sample set. Complex infections were observed in 66% of samples (mean MOI = 2.13 ± 0.04), with 33% of infections showing high within-host diversity as described by the Fws metric. Low, but significant LD (standardised index of association, ISA = 0.08, P < 0.001) was observed that indicates recombination of distinct clones. Limited impact of temporal (FST range -0.00005 to 0.0003) and spatial (FST = –0.028 to 0.023) variation on genetic diversity existed during the sampling timeframe and study sites respectively. Conclusion: Consistent with the Vhembe District’s classification as a 'high' transmission setting within South Africa, P. falciparum diversity in the area was moderate to high and complex. This study showed that genetic diversity within the parasite population reflects the continued residual transmission observed in the Vhembe District. This data can be used as a reference point for the assessment of the effectiveness of on-going interventions over time, the identification of imported cases and/or outbreaks, as well as monitoring for the potential spread of antimalarial drug resistance.
POWERS OF INVESTIGATING JUDGE IN UKRAINE AND
GERMANY: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: Malanchuk P. M. , Bordun I. V.
Published: January 2021

One of the components of criminal justice is the institute of an investigating judge. He has been introduced into the criminal process of our state relatively recently, but in the years of its existence already has certain achievements. The Institute of Investigatory Judges is an innovation in Ukraine and the entire post-Soviet area. Despite the fact that the above-mentioned subject was introduced into the criminal process of Ukraine recently, in comparison with other subjects, however, it plays a significant role. Indeed, it is he who is the guarantor of the observance of the constitutional rights and freedoms of persons suspected or accused of committing a criminal offense. But there are states where this institute has been introduced a long time ago and all questions regarding
its existence are not relevant. In such states, the institute of investigator’s judge has already worked in many forms and has undergone significant changes. The article presents an analog of a Ukrainian investigating judge in the Federal Republic of Germany, although in Germany it has its name. He is called a district judge or investigating judge. The development of the Institute of Investigative Judge in Ukraine requires a thorough investigation of its powers and the study of this institute, based on the experience of other states. That is why the article reflects the main purpose with which the institute of the investigating court in Ukraine and the Federal Republic of Germany was created, considered the classification of scientists regarding the powers of the aforementioned entity, and also shows the relationship of the investigating
judge with other participants in the pre-trial investigation. The article also defines the classification of investigators and reflects who and in what conditions may hold this post. However, the main purpose of this article is to compare the competence of the investigating judge of Ukraine, which was introduced in
domestic legislation in 2012, and the competence of the investigating judge of the Federal Republic of Germany, whose prototype originated in the territory of Germany as early as the 13th century. We also plan to show the common and distinctive features of one institution in the two countries, as well as propose some changes to the Ukrainian criminal process, based on the experience of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Keywords: institute of the investigating judge in Ukraine, the competence of the investigating judge, investigator judge in Germany, district judge, investigating judge.
UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION ON PREVENTION AND COMBATING CORRUPTION OFFENSES
Authors: Nikitenko O.I. , Samoylovych A.A.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the evolutionary progress of the adoption of legislation in
Ukraine on anti-corruption, starting with the Declaration of independence of the state, defined the essence of the state policy in combating analyzed the chronology of the stages of the legislative anticorruption acts-the conduct of ongoing research, observations of anti-corruption activities of law enforcement agencies is very important in the context of the modern development of Ukraine. During the years of independence of Ukraine was formed anti-corruption legislation, including normative legal acts in this sphere with the purpose of administrative and legal counteraction of corruption. The development of anti-corruption legislation in the period from 1991 to 1996, i.e. prior to the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine of 1996 to 2004, a period which can be called the constitutional stage, and from 2004 to the present as a period of reform to counter corruption. This indicates that continuous changes in the administrative-legal regulation in the sphere of counteraction of corruption in Ukraine, the implementation of reform processes in law enforcement depends on the nature of government tasks
and functions to ensure internal security of Ukraine, forms and methods of the professional activity of the bodies which carry out law enforcement or law enforcement function the article Also paid attention to how the state of corruption is influenced by organized groups and how the government is trying to counteract them. Specified on the weakness of preventive (preventive) measures regarding corruption and illegal acts. The Constitution does not specify what illegal acts are such, but some standards testify the protection of the rights and freedoms of natural and legal persons from such acts, but dedicated circle of individuals who have limitations with the passage of the civil service and local government. On the basis of the conducted research the conclusion about the need for effective legal mechanisms for fighting corruption and improving relevant legislation.
Keywords: Сonstitution, anti-corruption policy, anti-corruption legislation, corruption, anticorruption.
NATIONAL PECULIARITIES OF LAW REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF DUTY-FREE TRADE
Authors: Khoma Val. O.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the researching of peculiarities of national law regulation in the field of duty-free trade. Moreover, the article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of a “duty-free trade regime”, legislative peculiarities of implementing law terminology on the order of sale of goods in duty-free shops. The ways of improving the law regulation system in this field are suggested. The national system of law regulation in the field of duty-free trade is included in the system of law regulation in the field of implementing State Customs Policy. The State Customs Policy is called to defend national interests, to provide Customs Security, to determine the principles of foreign trade regulation and protection of domestic market, to provide development of national economy and it’s
integration into the world economy with the State Customs Affair means. Extremely high requirements are stated to quality of legislation in any field of social and economic
life including Customs Field as normative and law regulation is essential. This statement is equal to the quality of norms by which activity on duty-free sale is regulated. Peculiarities of national law regulation in the field of duty-free trade are researched. The analysis of the concept of a “duty-free trade regime” has done. Legislative peculiarities of implementing law terminology on the order of sale of goods in duty-free shops demonstrate contradictions and inconsistencies in formulating appropriate statements of the Customs Code of Ukraine. Detached suggestions on improving a national system of law regulation in the field of duty-free trade are grounded in the article on the base of analysis of Customs Code of Ukraine statements quality and
as a result of determining of law collisions and contradictions, and also of expediency of implementing some formulation of concept apparatus in this field. It is suggested to improve the system of law regulation in the field of duty-free trade in the way of identifying principle changes on the removal of the concept of “customs regime” from national Customs legislation and implementing of the concept of “customs procedures” according to the European approach. Another way of improving the system of law regulation in the field of duty-free trade is currently using the concept of “customs regime” with the appropriate correcting meaningful and technical errors in Chapter 22 of the Customs Code of Ukraine.
Keywords: law regulation, law regime, duty-free trade, duty-free shop.
THЕ HІSTОRІCАL АND LЕGАL АSРЕCT ОF THЕ CRЕАTІОN ОF THЕ NАTІОNАL SЕCURІTІЕS АND STОCK MАRKЕT CОMMІSSІОN, АS THЕ CЕNTRАL ЕXЕCUTІVЕ АUTHОRІTY ІS ЕXЕRCІSЕD BY GОVЕRNMЕNT SЕCURІTІЕS ІN UKRАІNЕ
Authors: Shеvchеnkо О.V.
Published: January 2021

Thе аrtіclе іs dеvоtеd tо а cоmрrеhеnsіvе study оf thе rоlе аnd рlаcе оf thе stоck mаrkеt
аnd thе Nаtіоnаl Sеcurіtіеs аnd Stоck Mаrkеt Cоmmіssіоn оf Ukrаіnе іn thе fіnаncіаl sеctоr оf Ukrаіnе. Thе sеcurіtіеs mаrkеt (stоck mаrkеt) іs cоnsіdеrеd аs а sреcіаl sрhеrе оf mаrkеt rеlаtіоns, whеrе thаnks tо thе рlаcеmеnt оf sеcurіtіеs, thе аccumulаtіоn оf fіnаncіаl rеsоurcеs іs cаrrіеd оut іn оrdеr tо sаtіsfy thе іnvеstmеnt nееds оf thе еntіtіеs оf Ukrаіnе. Thе Nаtіоnаl Sеcurіtіеs аnd Stоck Mаrkеt Cоmmіssіоn (NSSMC) іs cоnsіdеrеd tо bе thе cеntrаl еxеcutіvе аuthоrіty thаt іmрlеmеnts stаtе sеcurіtіеs rеgulаtіоn іn Ukrаіnе. Wе рrороsе оur оwn реrіоdіzаtіоn оf thе fоrmаtіоn аnd dеvеlорmеnt оf thе Nаtіоnаl Sеcurіtіеs аnd Stоck Mаrkеt Cоmmіssіоn іn thе fіеld оf lеgаl rеgulаtіоn (dеfіnіng іts lеgаl stаtus аnd rоlе іn thе fіnаncіаl sеctоr оf Ukrаіnе) іn thе rеlеvаnt hіstоrіcаl tіmе реrіоd іn Ukrаіnе, dіstіnguіshіng thrее kеy stаgеs оf fоrmаtіоn sеcurіtіеs аnd fund mаrkеt іn thе fіnаncіаl sеctоr оf Ukrаіnе, іn раrtіculаr: thе fіrst stаgе – 1991-1995, thе sеcоnd stаgе – 1996-2010, thе thіrd stаgе – 2011. – tоdаy.
Аnаlyzеd thе аctіvіtіеs оf thе Nаtіоnаl Sеcurіtіеs аnd Stоck Mаrkеt Cоmmіssіоn, аіmеd аt thе
іmрlеmеntаtіоn оf thе mеаsurеs dеfіnеd іn thе “Cоmрrеhеnsіvе Рrоgrаm fоr thе Dеvеlорmеnt оf thе Ukrаіnіаn Fіnаncіаl Sеctоr by 2020″, аіmіng tо crеаtе а fіnаncіаl systеm cараblе оf еnsurіng sustаіnаblе еcоnоmіc dеvеlорmеnt thrоugh еffіcіеnt rеdіstrіbutіоn оf fіnаncіаl rеsоurcеs еcоnоmy bаsеd оn thе dеvеlорmеnt оf а full-flеdgеd mаrkеt cоmреtіtіvе еnvіrоnmеnt іn аccоrdаncе wіth ЕU stаndаrds аnd оutlіnеs mаjоr chаngеs іn thе stоck mаrkеt аctіvіty, аs cоmроnеnt оf thе fіnаncіаl sеctоr оf Ukrаіnе.
Kеywоrds: Nаtіоnаl Sеcurіtіеs аnd Stоck Mаrkеt Cоmmіssіоn, stоck mаrkеt (sеcurіtіеs mаrkеt), sеcurіtіеs, fіnаncіаl systеm, fіnаncіаl sеctоr оf Ukrаіnе.
SYSTEM AND POWERS OF BODIES IMPLEMENTING ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF NATURAL MONOPOLIES
Authors: Raimov R.I.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of defining the system and powers of state
bodies that carry out administrative and legal regulation of the activity of subjects of natural monopolies. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and the practice of its application. Changes in the status of these state bodies during their formation, which were carried out by different legal acts in different fields of law and various spheres, are investigated.
The author has analyzed the authorizations on the implementation of the administrative and legal regulation of natural monopolies in the field of energy and utilities and the legal status of local state administrations, the Antimonopoly Committee, the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry, the national commissions for the regulation of natural monopolies, the National Commission for the state regulation of the energy and utility sectors services. It is established that, in addition to the national commissions for the regulation of natural monopolies, the National Commission for State Regulation in the Spheres of Energy and Public Utilities implements state regulation in areas adjacent to and/or identical to natural monopolies. It is determined that the relevant state bodies, which carry out administrative and legal regulation of the activities of the subjects of natural monopolies, are empowered to form their own branched system forming structure, which is able to exist in parallel and independently of other branches of government. The powers of state bodies that carry out the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of natural monopoly entities are enshrined in both laws and by-laws. A study of these powers has shown that each public authority has specific rights and responsibilities. The creation of structural units in each case occurs in fundamentally different approaches. Some public authorities have more independent
status than others. A number of conflicts of law and potentially unconstitutional provisions have been identified. Particular attention is paid to the ratio of powers of different state bodies.
Keywords: natural monopolies, state bodies, administrative law, regulation.
The role of tax police units of the State Tax Service of Ukraine as subjects of ensuring the
system of economic security of the state
Authors: Melnik V.I.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activity of the revenue bodies and fees for combating tax offenses in terms of ensuring the economic security of Ukraine. The author investigates the work of tax police units in the context of dynamic legislative changes, the results of these innovations are evaluated in terms of the ability of the designated entity to perform its own tasks and functions in full.
The urgent need for effective systematic provision of the state’s economic security system is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the probable occurrence of a number of destructive consequences for the national economy as a result of committing tax offenses. It is pointed out that there is a real need for systematic effective counteraction to these criminal acts, especially before the start of the work of a new
government body authorized to investigate all these offenses.
The current legal position of tax police units is analyzed. The significance is substantiated by the activity of tax police units as a subject of providing the economic security system of Ukraine especially in the current context of active multi-vector legislative changes and the frequent emergence of new challenges for the national economy.
The tasks, functions, and competence of tax police units are investigated as a subject of providing the state’s economic security system. The issue of interaction of this law enforcement agency is considered with state and local self-government bodies, subjects of international law, authorized foreign bodies, the public, and others on issues of ensuring the economic security of Ukraine. Found that the key areas of work to ensure the state’s economic security system remains investigations into criminal activities in the area of taxation and the budgetary sphere, the conduct of operational-search measures, as well as the consideration of individual cases of administrative offenses. The important role and other directions of work units of tax police is indicated and proved to facilitate the successful accomplishment of this task.

Keywords: national economy, threats to the national economy, a system of economic security of the state, tax offenses, units of tax police SFS of Ukraine.
On the ratio of “gift” to “gift-giving” categories
Authors: Riadinska V. O. , Kostenko Yu. O.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the relationship between the concepts of “gift” and “gift-giving” as categories of modern legislation of Ukraine. It is noted that although the etymological meaning of the words “gift” and “giftgiving” is equal, the legislator uses these concepts as different categories; in various normative acts either gives them different definitions or operates with these two categories as synonyms. Comparing the signs of a gift and a gift-giving, it is determined that a gift can be provided both free of charge and for a fee, but at a price lower than the minimum market price. In the context of gift and gift-giving
features, the ratios of “minimum market price” and “symbolic amount” are investigated. It is justified that the minimum market price is less than the market price, but it takes into account the economic costs of production and sale of goods and the minimum profit, while the symbolic price is formed by the prevailing in the society and concerns the free transfer of things. The ratio of “gift” and “gift-giving” categories in the civil and anticorruption legislation is formulated and its features are defined: 1) the concept of “gift-giving” (Civil Code of Ukraine) is narrower than the concept of “gift” (Law of Ukraine
“On Prevention of Corruption”); 2) the main feature of giving is that the gift is free of charge, and the “gift” may be given at a price lower than the minimum market price, while the “symbolic fee” is a category that differs from the category of “price lower than the minimum market price”; 3) the decision to accept “gift-giving” depends on the person who is being presented, but the special subject can accept “gift” only if he or she is permitted by the anti-corruption legislation and is obliged to refuse it and implement a set of appropriate measures in case he or she is prohibited or restricted; 4) the categories “gift-giving” and “gift” are not identical, but when a special subject receives “gifts” from close people, they are “gift-giving”.

Keywords: gift, gift-giving, anti-corruption legislation, special subject, minimum market price.
SOCIAL AND LEGAL PROTECTION OF ORPHAN CHILDREN AND CHILDREN DEPRIVED OF PARENTAL CARE
Authors: Kobzeva T.A. , Mykhnovsky G.Yu.
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the social and legal protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care in Ukraine and other countries of the world. The authors revealed the concept, nature, regulatory framework, types of bodies, state financial support, and directions of improving the protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care.
It was emphasized that the social and legal support for the protection of the rights of orphans and children deprived of parental care in Ukraine needs to be further improved due to the issues of legislative consolidation and their practical implementation.
According to our study, we conducted a statistical analysis of the number of orphans and children deprived of parental care, as well as of persons receiving retirement benefits. A number of scientific studies have been analyzed by scholars in the field of social assistance, labor law, and other jurisprudence related to retirement loss.
Among the main areas of improvement, it was decided to amend the current legislation of Ukraine on the delimitation of the mediation activities regarding the adoption and professional activity of teachers and patron educators. Accordingly, recommendations were made regarding the possibility of establishing orphanages or foster homes, abandoning the system of general-type orphanages, and improving the conditions for the provision of foster care to a child.
It was also proposed to create a legal framework that would regulate financial assistance for families with children and by improving the funding of regions, their programs, and strategies, and improving their financial situation.
These regulatory issues have been analyzed with the addition of practical research from other scholars and jurisprudence. Ways of their solution and improvement of the current legislation have been adopted and developed on the basis of a thorough analysis of the legislation of the European Union countries.
Keywords: legal regulation, social and legal protection, orphan, deprived of parental care, boarding school.
Oxygen isotope evidence for input of magmatic fluids and precipitation of Au-Ag-tellurides in an otherwise ordinary adularia-sericite epithermal system in NE China
Authors: Gao Shen , Hofstra Albert H. , Zou Xinyu , Valley John W. , Kitajima Kouki , Marsh Erin E. , Lowers Heather A. , Adams David T. , Qin Kezhang , Xu Hong
Published: January 2021

Tellurium-rich (Te) adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits are an important current and future source of precious and critical metals. However, the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids in these deposits are masked by traditional bulk analysis of quartz oxygen isotope ratios that homogenize fine-scale textures and growth zones. To advance understanding of the source of Te and precious metals, herein, we use petrographic and cathodoluminescence (CL) images of such textures and growth zones to guide high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) oxygen isotope analyses (10 µm spot) and spatially correlated fluid inclusion microthermometric measurements on successive quartz bands in contemporary Te-rich and Te-poor adularia-sericite (-quartz) epithermal Au-Ag vein deposits in northeastern China. The results show that large positive oxygen isotope shifts from –7.1 to +7.7‰ in quartz rims are followed by precipitation of Au-Ag telluride minerals in the Te-rich deposit, whereas small oxygen isotope shifts of only 4‰ (–2.2 to +1.6‰) were detected in quartz associated with Au-Ag minerals in the Te-poor deposits. Moreover, fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures are higher in comb quartz rims (avg. 266.4 to 277.5 °C) followed by Au-Ag telluride minerals than in previous stages (~250 °C) in the Te-rich deposit. The Te-poor deposit has a consistent temperature (~245 °C) in quartz that pre- and postdates Au-Ag minerals. Together, the coupled increase in oxygen isotope ratios and homogenization temperatures followed by precipitation of Au-Ag tellurides strongly supports that inputs of magmatic fluid containing Au, Ag, and Te into barren meteoric water-dominated flow systems are critical to the formation of Te-rich adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits. In contrast, Te-poor adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits show little or no oxygen isotope or fluid-inclusion evidence for inputs of magmatic fluid.
Revisiting Energy Consumption-economic Growth Hypothesis: Do Slope Heterogeneity and Cross-sectional Dependence Matter?
Authors: Kamah Miriam , Riti Joshua Sunday
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the long-term nexus between energy consumption and economic growth is investigated using a panel data of 80 countries from World Bank data base for the period 1970 to 2017. In order to check for the issues of endogeneity, slope heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence present in errors of panel data, the study applied cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and cross-sectional augmented distributed lag (CS-DL) models to examine the long-term impact of energy consumption on economic growth. The empirical results revealed that energy consumption has a positive and significant long-run effect on economic growth and that cross-sectional dependence, slope endogeneity and heterogeneity are issues that should be on the watch when dealing with panel data of developing and developed countries’ analysis. Furthermore, the outcomes indicated that the impact of energy consumption on economic growth is stronger in less developed countries than in advanced economies. Technological progressions that give rise to the advancement of clean and efficient energy and substitution of low-quality fuels with high quality fuels are some of the possible channels that weaken the link between energy consumption and economic growth in advanced economies. Importantly, from a policy perspective, based on the study findings, energy conservation policies aimed at promoting environmental quality may worsen economic growth in developing countries, thereby adversely affecting their long-run economic growths.
Assessment of financial sustainability of the local budgets: case of Ukraine
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of State, Local and Corporate Finance Department, University of Customs and Finance, Ukraine, Lysiak Liubov , Kachula Svitlana ,   Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Finance, Banking and Insurance Department, Dnipro State University of Agriculture and Economics, Ukraine, Hrabchuk Oksana ,   Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Finance, National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Ukraine, Filipova Milena ,   Doctor, Professor, Management and Marketing Department, Southwest University “Neofit Rilski”,Bulgaria, Kushnir Anna ,   Ph.D. Student (Finance, Banking and Insurance) of State, Local and Corporate Finance Department, University of Customs and Finance, Ukraine
Published: January 2021

With the deepening of global financial and economic instability, the search for ways to increase fiscal sustainability becomes relevant in the crisis regulation system. This problem is compounded by the emergence of new global challenges, including the COVID pandemic. Timely and complex analysis of the local budget financial sustainability allows one to comprehensively assess financial and economic risks, identify social and other problems, consider planning deficiencies and, on this basis, form a sound and effective regional budget policy. The purpose of the study is to summarize theoretical and practical principles of assessing the financial sustainability of local budgets and to outline the directions for its improvement in Ukraine considering international practices. The study revealed the lack of a unified system for assessing the financial sustainability of local budgets in Ukraine. On the basis of generalization of theoretical and methodological approaches, a system of indicators for estimating the financial sustainability of local budgets has been identified. The indicators were grouped and calculated. Based on the study of practical experience, measures have been specified that would contribute to a systematic approach to assessing the financial sustainability of local budgets in Ukraine. It was concluded that a systematic assessment of the financial sustainability of local budgets is a prerequisite for making informed management decisions about necessary adjustments to the budget, improving the quality of budget planning and the effectiveness of budget policy.
Assessment of Business Environment of Women Involved in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in The Philippines: A Comparative Study with Select ASEAN Countries
Authors: Solina Myrtle Faye Laberinto
Published: January 2021

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 2017 states that women are deemed important part of a trade. They take part in a wide range of activities in the industry - produce products, commerce of goods across borders, run and own trading firms, and make up a large part of the workforce in export-oriented businesses. Nevertheless, women's potential and skills in trade is still too often held back by the many constraints. Hence, the research endeavours to describe the current demographics, roles, and experiences of women involved in MSMEs, provide information on the current policies programs and services and how these are comparable and contrasting, not to mention recommend measures to address the impeding factors in the Philippines to be compared with Singapore and Myanmar using available secondary information. Through surveys and purposive sampling, the research results show that women’s participation in economic activity, in particular in MSMEs, is primarily affected by conditions that catalyze engagements.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Auto Sales in ASEAN: An Empirical Study in Five Major ASEAN Countries
Authors: Johan Suwinto
Published: January 2021

This research examines the determinants of car sales in ASEAN countries. The research concentrates on five macroeconomic variables (consumer price index, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, changes in gross domestic product per capita, foreign exchange rate, and interest rate). The total sample is 12 years of automobile sales in five ASEAN countries from 2005 – 2016. The five ASEAN countries are Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam. This paper used the multilinear regression method with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to test the research model. For interest-rate variables, we used a lag of one year. The empirical results show that the previous period for inflation, gross domestic product per capita, interest rate, and the foreign exchange rate significantly influenced on car sales in five ASEAN countries. The growth of GDP per capita does not influence car sales.
Mediating Civil Conflicts in Southeast Asia: Lessons from Aceh and Mindanao
Authors: Candelaria John Lee
Published: January 2021

Southeast Asia has been a hotbed of intractable civil conflicts motivated by several issues such as ethnicity, ideology, and historical injustice, among others. Despite the intractability, there have been instances when third-party assistance through mediation has been vital in achieving peace agreements in the region. Using the cases of the third-party mediation of the conflicts in Aceh, Indonesia and Mindanao, Philippines, this research identified the kinds of mediation and qualities of mediators that led to the achievement of peace agreements in these two cases. This research mainly focused on path dependence, critical junctures, and periodization approaches in the comparative analysis of Aceh and Mindanao third-party mediation through a qualitative examination that involved comparative process tracing (CPT), a two-step methodological approach that combines theory, chronology, and comparison. The results showed that the mediators instrumental to the Aceh and Mindanao peace agreements allayed the commitment issues of the negotiations and ensured the trust and confidence of the conflict parties. Thus, mediators should create relations of trust among parties and a mediation environment where the commitment fears are relieved through the promise of third-party monitoring.
Pendekatan Humanis Dalam Tes Pengajaran Bahasa Arab
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to discuss the humanism approach in Arabic teaching tests. This paper relies on bibliographic sources in the form of books and articles (literature study) that are in a scientific journal related to the subject matter. Reading the data of academics' thinking by using a constructive critical approach and meaningful content with content analysis. Based on studies that have been conducted, teaching tests in the humanist approach must be proportional in measuring each domain that exists in students (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor). The form of tests to measure the domain of cognition can be done by presenting objective tests and description tests. As for the affection domain measurement, it can be done by compiling a Likert scale and semantic different. Meanwhile, to measure the psychomotor domain test can be done in the form of task analysis.
Tanfīdh Faṣl al-Munāẓarah fī (Nāfilah) li Tarqiyyati Mahārah al-Kalām
Authors: Rahmasari Hikmah , Asikin Alis , Mawanti Dwi
Published: January 2021

This paper searches for the implementation of the debate chapter in (Nafila) to upgrade the speech skills of students of Walisongo State Islamic University Semarang 2019/2018. The background of this research is the lack of good proficiency for students in the Arabic language, especially in the skill of speaking when debating. Nafilah is a member of the Student Activities Union at Walisongo State Islamic University Semarang, who helps her to preserve the Arabic language at the University. The definition of the question in this research is how to implement the debate chapter in (Nafilah) to upgrade the speech skill of students of Walisongo State Islamic University Semarang, especially in the debate class. What are the driving and resistance factors in it? This research is qualitative and descriptive research, and it is carried out at the Walisongo State Islamic University Semarang. The researcher uses interview, observation, and documentation as her data collection methods. As for the data analysis method, it is by triangulating data, sources, and the method. The result of the research is: Nafilah uses the communicative method to achieve a special purpose, which is to upgrade the speech skills of students when debating. Learning to debate in the debate class has two stages. They are the discussion phase and the debate phase. And the implementation of the debate chapter superfluous systems of the Asian Parliament The factors driving and hindering the implementation of this debate chapter are in terms of the conditions of the students, the trainer, and the supervisor.
Süt ve Süt Ürünlerinde Bulunan Biyoaktif Peptitler ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Salih , EDEBALİ Ezgi , ÖZDEMİR Cihat
Published: January 2021

Proteinler insan sağlığı için önemli organik maddeler olup, vücut için gerekli tüm aminoasitleri sağlamaktadırlar. Süt proteinleri çok önemli biyoaktif peptit kaynağı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sığır sütü, kolostrum ve diğer süt türleri doğal biyoaktif peptitlerin en önemli doğal kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Biyoaktif peptitler sütten; kazein ve serum proteinlerinden elde edilebilir. Sütten elde edilen biyoaktif peptitler gıdalarda sağlığı geliştiren maddeler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu peptitler insanlarda sinir, gastrointestinal, kardiyovasküler ve immün sistemin gelişmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Böylece peptitler kanser, osteoporoz, hipertansiyon ve diğer sağlık sorunlarının önlenmesinde hayati bir rol oynar. Biyolojik aktivitenin çoğunluğu doğal proteinlerin birincil sekansıdır ve enzimatik hidroliz, proteoliz ya da mikrobiyal fermantasyon sonucunda serbest bırakılabilmektedir. Fermente süt ürünlerinde, ekşi sütlerde, peynir altı suyunda ve olgunlaşmış peynirlerde biyoaktif peptitler yüksek düzeyde belirlenmiştir. Peynir üretimi gerçekleştirilirken ideal proteolitik aktivite ve biyopeptit miktarını artırmak için ideal bakteri suşunun ve bakteri kombinasyonunun seçilmesi önemlidir.
İnülinaz Üretimi İçin Fermantasyon Parametrelerinin İstatistiksel Yaklaşımla Optimizasyonu
Authors: ÖZBEK YAZICI Sercan , ŞAHİN Selmihan
Published: January 2021

Çalışmanın amacı katı faz fermantasyonunda yeni bir fungus izolatı olan Rhizopus oryzae HBF351’dan aktivitesi yüksek ve düşük maliyetli inülinaz üretiminin gerçekleştirilmesidir. Bunun için ilk olarak yüksek enzim üretimini destekleyen en iyi substratın belirlenmesi ve fermantasyon ortamını etkileyen bazı parametrelerin istatistiksel bir yaklaşımla optimize edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Maksimum enzim üretimini destekleyen en iyi ortamı bulmak için 5 farklı substrat (buğday kepeği, yulaf kepeği, soğan kabuğu, elma posası ve marul kökü tozu) araştırılmıştır. İnülinaz üretimi için bazı fermantasyon koşullarını (başlangıç pH (4-7), inkübasyon sıcaklığı (25°C-45°C), başlangıç nem seviyesi ( %50-100) ve inkübasyon süresi (3-7 gün)) optimize etmek amacıyla Box-Behnken tasarımı (BBD) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada buğday kepeğinin enzim aktivitesini destekleyen en iyi substrat olduğu bulunmuştur. pH, inkübasyon sıcaklığı, nem seviyesi ve inkübasyon süresinin enzim üretimi üzerinde oldukça etkili parametreler olduğu gösterilmiştir (p<0.0001). Çalışmada modelin uygunluğu R2 (regresyon katsayısı) (0.99) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir ve deneysel ve tahmin edilen sonuçlar arasındaki iyi korelasyon elde edilmiştir. Maksimum inulinaz aktivitesini (385.1 IU gds-1) sağlayan optimum koşullar pH 5.18, 33.4 °C, % 72.1 nem seviyesi ve 4.7 gün olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma Rhizopus oryzae'den inülinaz üretmek için uygun maliyetli bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, yüksek enzim aktivitesi elde edilen inülinazı, fruktoz şurubu ve diğer endüstriyel alanlarda kullanım için güçlü bir potansiyel aday yapmaktadır.
Aksiyel (oksietil)pirolidin İkameli Silisyum(IV) Ftalosiyaninin Sentezi, Yapısal Karakterizasyonu, Agregasyon ve Fotobozunma özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: GÜNGÖR Ömer
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, (oksietil)pirolidin grupları ile eksenel olarak ikame edilmiş yeni bir silikon(IV)ftalosiyanin sentezlenmiş ve karakterize edilmiştir. Yeni saflaştırılmış bileşik, element analizi, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR ve MALDI-TOF kütle spektrometrisi gibi standart karakterizasyon teknikleri ile karakterize edildi. Elde edilen silikon(IV) ftalosiyanin, aseton, diklorometan, kloroform, piridin, DMF, DMSO ve etil asetat gibi organik çözücülerde mükemmel çözünürlük göstermiştir. Ayrıca, yeni silikon (IV) ftalosiyaninin agregasyon ve fotobozunma özellikleri incelenmiştir. Sentezlenen yeni ftalosiyanin bileşiği agregasyon göstermemiştir.
Seasonal Variation of Fatty Acid Composition in Muscle Total Lipids of Male and Female Individuals of Alburnus tarichi
Authors: KIZMAZ Veysi , BAŞHAN Mehmet , ÇİÇEK Tarık
Published: January 2021

In our study, sixteen types of fatty acids were determined as a result of muscle tissue
analysis, among which, out of saturated fatty acids,16:0; out of monounsaturated ones, 16:1n-7 and
18:1n-9; and out of polyunsaturated ones, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were major. Other fatty acids were found
in trace amounts. Out of saturated fatty acids, 16:0 was found to be 14.94% on average in females and
15.34% in males. 16:0 increased in August in both sexes. The ratio of 18:0 was at the level of 4% in
both sexes. Furthermore, this component was found to fluctuate depending on the months. 16:1n-7 was
13.28% in female individuals and 13.16% in males. The ratio of 18:1n-9, which was the other major
MUFA component, was 21.67- 25.40% in females, while it was 20.63-27.73% in male individuals. It
was observed that this component decreased in both sexes in February, while it increased in females in
October and in male fish in August. The ratio of 20:5n-3, which is another polyunsaturated component,
did not change significantly among months, with an average value of 11.60% in females and 10.93% in
males. The ratio of 22:6n-3, which was found as the other major one, decreased in October with a rate
of 12.61% in females and 12.67% in males and showed a similar distribution in the other months.
In the analyses, the ratio of ω3/ω6, which is important in terms of the nutritional value of fish, was
determined as 3.97 on average in females and 3.88 on males. These components increased in December
in both sexes, whereas they decreased in February. We determine ΣSFA increased in August in both
sexes, and ΣMUFA increased in October, but ΣPUFA decreased in the same month. In all analyzed
months, ΣMUFA and ΣPUFA were more than ΣSFA in both sexes.
Uzun ve Siirt Antepfıstığı Çeşitlerinde Hasat Öncesi Ethephon Uygulamasının Hasat Mekanizasyonuna Etkisi
Authors: ATLI Halit Seyfettin , İLİKÇİOĞLU Ertuğrul , ÇELİK Ferit
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışma bitkiler üzerinde olgunlaştırıcı etkisi bulunan ethephon isimli hormonun antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) makinalı hasat üzerine olan etkisini incelemek amacıyla 2018 yılında Gaziantep’te yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 40 yaşındaki Uzun ve Siirt antepfıstığı çeşidi ağaçları kullanılmıştır. Dört farklı ethephon dozu (0, 1 000, 3 000, 5 000 ppm) uygulanmıştır. Hormon dozları iki farklı hasat döneminden (boz, ben) 15 gün önce uygulanmıştır. Hasat omuzdan askılı kancalı dal sarsıcı makine ile yapılmıştır. Ayrıca ekonomik analiz yapmak amacıyla el ile hasat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada fenolojik gözlem, salkım dökülme oranı, meyve kopma kuvveti, meyvelerin çeltikten kopma oranı, karagöz dökülme durumu, yaprak dökümü belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca meyveler üzerinde çıtlama oranı, çıtlama aralığı, dış kabuk renklenmesi, iç rengi, dış kabuk ayrılması, dış kabuk yarılması, dış kabuklu 100 dane ağırlığı, kavlak 100 dane ağırlığı, kuru kırmızı kabuklu 100 dane ağırlığı, kuru kavlak 100 dane ağırlığı, iç 100 dane ağırlığı, randıman özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca geleneksel yöntem olan elle hasat ile makinalı hasat karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda uygulanan hormon dozunun salkımın daldan kopması ve meyvenin çeltikten ayrılması üzerine olumlu etkisi olduğu görülmüş olup yaprak dökümüne bir etkisi tespit edilmemiştir. Salkımın daldan kopması Uzun çeşidinin boz ve ben hasat dönemlerinde en fazla 5 000 ppm dozunda görülürken, Siirt çeşidinin boz hasat döneminde 3 000 ppm, ben hasat döneminde ise 5 000 ppm dozunda görülmüştür. Danelerin salkımdan kopma durumunda da aynı dozlar ön plana çıkmıştır. Hasat süresi bakımından makinalı hasat çok daha hızlı sonuç vermiştir.