bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolución del marketing en la educación superior: el capital de marca educativo
Authors: Casanoves-Boix Javier , Küster-Boluda Inés
Published: September 2022

A través de la presente investigación se pretende analizar el papel del capital de marca en el sector educativo superior. Para tal fin, se analizan las principales aportaciones de la literatura al estudio del capital de marca y su aplicación en el sector educativo. De esta forma, se identifican aquellas variables que determinan el capital de marca en la educación superior, introduciendo una visión del mismo como un proceso evolutivo. Con la realización del presente trabajo se pretende analizar la evolución de la educación superior y la importancia de la aplicación de estrategias de marketing adaptadas a generar diferenciación y ventaja competitiva a través del capital de marca educativo. Todo ello, con objeto de resaltar la importancia que está adquiriendo el mismo y, al mismo tiempo, conocer las prometedoras perspectivas de futuro que puede ofrecer a dicho sector.
Análisis con big data de las respuestas de los hoteles en TripAdvisor
Authors: San-Martín Gutiérrez Sonia , Jiménez Torres Nadia , Puente Domínguez Nuria
Published: September 2022

La mayoría de las investigaciones con big data realizadas hasta el momento se han centrado más en los comentarios generados por los usuarios que en las respuestas de las empresas a dichos comentarios. Este hecho hace patente la necesidad de estudios que analicen grandes cantidades de datos para saber cómo los hoteles gestionan los comentarios online que reciben. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación es realizar un estudio descriptivo comparativo de las respuestas de los hoteles a 32.347 comentarios online de los usuarios de TripAdvisor en los dos destinos turísticos de interior (Madrid y París) más visitados en Europa. Con este propósito en mente se realizó un análisis de texto automático. Nuestros resultados permiten generar conocimiento útil para conocer cómo es la gestión de la reputación digital de los hoteles. Concretamente, vemos que los hoteles parisinos tienen una mayor tasa de respuesta, pero son los madrileños quienes más agradecen los comentarios, más se disculpan y más personalizan sus mensajes.
Atractivo visual percibido en páginas web mediante eye-tracking : caso de estudio en mujeres en los hoteles NH y Barceló
Authors: Alonso López Mikel , Sánchez García Gloria
Published: September 2022

El consumidor digital compra sus viajes improvisando y de acuerdo con el presupuesto y ofertas que encuentra en las webs. La competencia existente en el mercado de hoteles hace que sea necesario tener sitios web cuya página principal tenga un alto atractivo visual percibido. Su medición debe realizarse con datos recopilados a nivel inconsciente y teniendo en cuenta los atributos: imagen principal, presencia de texto pequeño y motor de búsqueda. La presente investigación se centrará en las mujeres de la generación del milenio, midiendo el atractivo visual de dos sitios web de la industria hotelera: NH Hoteles y Hoteles Barceló. La técnica utilizada es el seguimiento visual, y luego la implementación de una breve encuesta posterior a la prueba, para obtener una visión general de lo que los sujetos muestreados han percibido durante el experimento. Los resultados sugieren que la imagen principal de una página web es muy importante, ya que es uno de los elementos que más atrae la atención visual de forma inconsciente.
Izazovi sa kojima se suočava visoko obrazovanje u BiH uslijed krize izazvane epidemijom COVID-19
Authors: Manojlović Jelena , Petrović Danica
Published: September 2022

U većini zemalja pod uticajem Covid-19 došlo je do velikih promjena u različitim aspektima tradicionalne autonomije visokoškolskih ustanova, a zbog zaštite javnog zdravlja. Te promjene su se odnosile na njihov režim rada (otpuštanje pomoćnog osoblja, skraćivanje radnog vremena, zatvaranje i sl.), finansijske i druge oblike pomoći i podrške države univerzitetima (omogućavanje besplatnog interneta u cilju realiziacije nastavnog procesa, nabavka IT resursa) i promjene zakonske regulative u visokom obrazovanju. Urgentne izmjene u regulativi visokog obrazovanja koje su usledile i u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom epidemije korona virusa su trebale da omoguće visokoškolskim ustanovama da se prilagode neizbježnim online metodama učenja koje se znatno razlikuju od klasičnih. Visokoškolske ustanove koje su imale adekvatne IT resurse, i kadrove obučene za uporebu online platformi u obrazovanju su uspješnije odgovorile na izazove realizacije nastavnog procesa. Procesi akreditacije, osiguranja i evaluacije, koji su ključni u očuvanju i unapređenju kvaliteta visokog obrazovanja su u ovim kriznim vremenima na čekanju ili se izvode u smanjenom obimu. Pred akademskom zajednicom je do sada najozbiljniji zadatak — kako da u kriznim vremenima sačuva svoju autonomnost, a da ujedno bude kohezivni društveni faktor.
Kulturno-jezički odnos u nastavi stranog jezika
Authors: Dostanić Lea
Published: September 2022

U savremenom globalnom svetu veliki značaj se pridaje nastavi stranih jezika. Poznavanje jezika bez učenja kulture nije dovoljno za uspostavljanje zdrave komunikacije. Da bismo naučili drugi jezik, moramo imati svest o kulturi kojoj jezik pripada i uspostaviti odnos među kulturama. U takvim uslovima neophodno je da razlike u jezicima i kulturama prestanu da budu faktor koji bi ometao komunikaciju između predstavnika različitih kultura. U ovom radu se razmatraju teorije i koncepti zajedničkog proučavanja jezika i kulture, takođe je i istaknuta upotreba autentični tekstova u nastavi stranih jezika i njihova kulturna namena. Uprkos izvesnim razlikama u ovim naučnim konceptima, opšte je prihvaćen zaključak o potrebi i značaju nastave jezika, a posebno kulture kao dela procesa usvajanja. Došli smo do zaključka da su ove studije postale osnova za učenje stranog jezika u budućnosti. Potreba za daljim razvojem istraživanja stranih jezika i kulture leži u obrazovnom potencijalu, koji doprinosi boljem razumevanju druge kulture, pomaže razumevanju različitosti. To neće uticati samo na formiranje kulture ličnosti učenika, već će im omogućiti da steknu neophodne veštine i sposobnosti za komunikaciju sa predstavnicima drugih kultura.
Ultrasonic detection of white etching defect based on convolution neural network
Authors: Zhu Qi , Xu Duo , Zhang Yuan-Jun , Li Yu-Juan , Wang Wen , Zhang Hai-Yan ,   School of Mechatronic and Automation Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,   School of Communication & Information Engineer, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Published: September 2022

Unlike classical defects formed by rolling contact fatigue, white etching defect (WED) including white etching area and white etching crack will cause surface to spall in the early stage and the service life to shorten seriously. Located in the subsurface of bearings, the tiny size WED is difficult to detect by conventional ultrasonic methods. The root cause of WED generation remains unclear. It is time consuming and expensive to prepare samples during the evolution of such defects. For characterizing the WED at early stage, five evolving states concerning the existing microscopic information are established in this paper. The immersion ultrasonic inspection process is simulated based on k-space pseudo spectrum method.

For the later evolutionary stage with crack, the bearing can be simplified into a homogeneous three-layer model by ignoring the internal grain structure. The crack depth is obtained by using the ultrasonic reflection coefficient amplitude spectrum (URCAS), with an error of 1.5%. For other states without crack, the spectrum characteristic is no longer evident with slight acoustic impedance difference between layers. The polycrystalline structure on a microscale is thus realized based on Voronoi diagram, from which the grain induced backscattering can be used to amplify the microstructure variations at different stages. The backscattering signal is influenced by the grain size and detection frequency from the simulation. Since a direct comparison of backscattering information among evolutionary stages is difficult, the five different evolutionary stages of WED are recognized with the help of deep learning. The received waveform is transformed into a time-frequency map by short-time Fourier transform. Based on RESNET network structure, the results show that the train accuracy and validation accuracy reach 92% and 97% respectively. This study provides a sound way to characterize WED, which is conducive to early failure prediction and residual life evaluation.
Neural effects of continuous theta-burst stimulation in macaque parietal neurons
Authors: Romero Maria C , Merken Lara , Janssen Peter , Davare Marco
Published: September 2022

Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) has become a standard non-invasive technique to induce offline changes in cortical excitability in human volunteers. Yet, TBS suffers from a high variability across subjects. A better knowledge about how TBS affects neural activity in vivo could uncover its mechanisms of action and ultimately allow its mainstream use in basic science and clinical applications. To address this issue, we applied continuous TBS (cTBS, 300 pulses) in awake behaving rhesus monkeys and quantified its after-effects on neuronal activity. Overall, we observed a pronounced, long-lasting, and highly reproducible reduction in neuronal excitability after cTBS in individual parietal neurons, with some neurons also exhibiting periods of hyperexcitability during the recovery phase. These results provide the first experimental evidence of the effects of cTBS on single neurons in awake behaving monkeys, shedding new light on the reasons underlying cTBS variability.
Diseño, opresión y liberación
Authors:   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, van Amstel Frederick , Noel Lesley-Ann ,   North Carolina State University, Freese Gonzatto Rodrigo ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
Published: September 2022

El papel del diseño en la estructuración de la opre­sión ha sido en gran medida desconocido por la investigación y la historia del diseño. Sin embargo, podemos ver un movimiento reciente, impulsado por los movimientos sociales, que reconoce la complicidad del diseño con diversas formas de opresión. Reconocer el diseño opresivo abre la posibilidad de ocupar, reclamar, reparar y restaurar lo que los opresores han hecho con él. Algunos de los enfoques que hacen que la investiga­ción en diseño pase de la denuncia al anuncio de nuevas realidades. De no hacerlo, podría prevalecer el fatalismo, aun siendo crítico con la realidad actual. En el caso del diseño, esto sig­nifica dedicar el mismo esfuerzo a analizar los diseños opresivos que a desarrollar diseños liberadores. En sintonía con esta implicación, este número especial destaca las investigaciones que contribuyen tanto a agudizar la comprensión de la opresión en el diseño como a aumentar la solidaridad entre las distintas luchas por la libera­ción que atraviesan el diseño.
Constraints Faced in the Usage of ICT Tools by Farmers in Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Naik B. Jaswanth , Rao B. Mukunda , Rambabu P. , Rekha M. Sree
Published: September 2022

The study investigated into the constraints encounter by farmers while using information and communication technology (ICT) in the Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. The study was performed in a purposefully chosen district, and respondents were chosen via proportional random selection. The ex-post facto research design was employed; several kinds of constraints were gathered through a literature study and expert opinion. They were given an interview schedule. The acquired data was analysed, and ranks were assigned based on frequency and percentages. The major constraints faced by the farmers in use of ICT tools were high cost of ICT gadgets like smart phones, computers etc (92.50%), high cost of servicing charges of ICT gadgets (90.83%), lack of sufficient skills in usage of ICT tools by rural communities (85.00%), lack of uninterrupted power supply (84.16%), lack of servicing centres of ICTs in villages (76.66%) and difficulty in understanding the language of ICT gadgets (75.00%). Some major suggestions drawn from the respondent farmers were reduce the costs of ICT tools (96.66%), Provide subsidies on ICT gadgets (90.83%), Reduce servicing charges (86.66%), Giving continuous power supply (84.16%), Providing of messages in local languages (79.16%) and Establish service centres in villages (76.66%).
Scale to Measure Attitude of Tribal Rice Farmers towards the Sustainability of Rice Farming
Authors: Binth T. Shahlas , Kumar A. Anil , Smitha K. P.
Published: September 2022

The present article summarizes the development of a scale to measure the attitude of tribal rice farmers towards the sustainability of rice farming in Wayanad district of Kerala. The scale was developed using Likert’s summated ratings method. The study describes the development of scale in a stepwise manner including collection of statements, item analysis, editing, validity, reliability and final selection. The calculated value of reliability coefficient for whole test was 0.806, which was quite reliable. The thumb rule of rejecting item with‘t-value’ less than 1.89 at 0.05 level of significance was followed. As per the thumb rule total of 25 statements were selected giving the due consideration to include both positive and negative statements in more or less equal proportion. The respondents were grouped into three categories like, less favourable attitude, favourable attitude and highly favourable attitude on the basis of their attitude towards the sustainability of rice farming by using mean and standard deviation. It is contended that the scale would prove useful in measuring the attitude of tribal rice farmers towards the sustainability of rice farming.
An Analysis of Code-switching and Code-mixing amongst Students of our Lady of Mount Carmel College Muea-buea in Cameroon
Authors: Ezemba A. S. , Chilozie F. C. , Ezemba O. M. , Uwaezuoke A. H.
Published: September 2022

The research work aims at providing an analysis of code-switching and code-mixing amongst students of Our Lady of Mount Carmel College Muea-Buea in Cameroon. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze code-switching and code-mixing students of Our Lady of Mount Carmel College Muea-Buea in Cameroon. Thus, the researcher used a qualitative research method which involves recording utterances and observation. The instruments used in collating the data were: a note book to prevent data loss and a smart phone for recording utterances. The data collated were analyzed using Van Dijk functional approach of discourse analysis. One major finding of the study is that Code-switching and Code-mixing helps to ease and strengthen communication between the teacher and students involved in classroom interaction. From the conversations collected, it was discovered that two forms of code-switching take place during communication, they are: the intra and inter-sentential code-switching. The researcher also discovered several motivating factors as to why students’ code-switch and code-mix and these factors were classified under the linguistic, social, and stylistic factors. From the data collated and analyzed, it is evident that the linguistic factors are the most prominent factors that play major roles as to why students code-switch and code-mix. Lastly, it was observed that code-switching and code-mixing can have positive and negative impacts on the students.
Political Economy of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Human Security Threat: An Evidence from Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Promise Ogele, Eziho
Published: September 2022

The paper examined the political economy of greenhouse gas emissions and human security threats in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. Nigeria is one of the largest producers of crude oil in Africa and flares a greater percent of her gas. The Gas Flare Track indicates that from March 2012 to February 2019, the total carbon dioxide emitted in the five Niger Delta states was estimated at an average of 239.1 million tonnes. Gas flaring by the transnational oil firms is a major contributor to global warming leading to the human security threat in the region. At present, the Niger Delta ecosystem is one of the worst hit by the adverse effects of global warming. The effect of climate change in the Niger Delta region has pushed a greater percentage of its inhabitants into abject poverty. The government is rhetorical and adamant about attending to the socio-economic challenges occasioned by climate change. The continuous neglect and deprivation of access to petrodollar benefits led to the anti-thesis between the Niger Delta inhabitants and the oil companies backed by the federal government in the Region. The aftermath of this struggle is the launching of the artisanal refining of crude oil, which became another source of greenhouse gas emission in the Niger Delta Region. The artisanal refining enterprise, however, received a morale boost from the oil-bearing communities, but unbeknown to them of its environmental impact. The study adopted the externality theory and structural conflict theory as its theoretical construct. The study relied on the qualitative method of data gathering techniques, which include the internet, journals, and books. The study unraveled that gas flaring has become another source of revenue for the Nigerian government, hence cannot end it.  The paper recommends amongst others the amendment of the Reinjection Act of 1979 clause that allows multinational oil companies to flare gas.
The Clinical Effect of Triglyceride Glucose Index, an Insulin Resistance Marker, in Predicting Neuropathy Induced by the FOLFOX Chemotherapy Protocol
Authors: Gündoğdu Utku Dönem , Karabağ Funda , Tuğrul Fuzuli
Published: September 2022

Objective: FOLFOX chemotherapy protocol is a chemotherapeutic agent used in both adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy of many malignancies such as colon, rectum, stomach, gallbladder, and pancreatic cancer. Despite its therapeutic efficacy, neuropathy is the most dose-limiting factor. The treatment of neuropathy has not been determined yet. Many clinical studies are ongoing for the treatment and prevention of neuropathy. In our study, we aimed to examine the relationship between insulin resistance and neuropathic pain due to FOLFOX chemotherapy protocol.

Materials and Methods: The triglyceride glucose index (TyG-I) before the first chemotherapy, at the 3rd and 6th months of the patients who developed neuropathic pain within 6 months and did not develop neuropathic pain in the patients who underwent FOLFOX chemotherapy protocol due to the diagnosis of cancer, was calculated. Neuropathy pain score was calculated using a validated test, the DN4 neuropathic pain questionnaire. In the pain questionnaire, it was evaluated as neuropathic pain over 4 points. The difference between the patients who developed neuropathic pain and those who did not develop neuropathic pain was evaluated. The effect of TyG-I, an insulin resistance marker, on neuropathic pain was examined.

Discussion and Conclusion: In our study, no difference was found between chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and TyG index in patients who underwent FOLFOX chemotherapy protocol. Additional risk factors in the pathophysiology of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy are limited in the literature. Studies in the literature have not found a relationship between oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy and diabetes. Additional risk factors affecting the development of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy still continue to be the subject of research.
The Effects of Alcohol and Social Isolation on Yawning Behavior in Adult Male Rats, Treated with Opioid Receptor Agonist and Antagonist
Authors: Rafighdoost Fatemeh , Vaezi Gholamhassan , Sharafi Shahram , Shajiee Hooman
Published: September 2022

The number of 88 rats was chosen, after 21 days, they were ablactated and categorized them as following groups:

The control group 1 has a cage of 8 rats in a social condition. After 6 weeks of saline injection (1mg / kg), the yawning behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 2 in social conditions of receiving ethanol for 2 months, each serving of 600 mg / kg. Group 3 social isolation without treatment with agonist and antagonist, Opioid and alcohol drugs in a separate cage, each cage has one rat. After 6 weeks, It is recorded the yawning was cured for 60 minutes.  Group 4 social isolation for 6 weeks and then treatment with alcohol agonist (1200 mg / kg) after 30 minutes of yawing behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 5 Social isolation after 6 weeks of treatment with opioid drugs (5mg / kg of morphine) after 30 minutes of yawing behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 6 social isolation after 6 weeks of morphine + alcohol antagonist treatment after 30 minutes of yawing behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 7 social isolation followed by 6 weeks of treatment with antagonist alcohol (naltrexone), 10 mg / kg, after 30 minutes of yawing behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 8 Social isolation after 6 weeks of treatment with antagonist morphine (naloxone) 1 mg / kg of bad breath after 30 minutes of yawing behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 9 social isolation followed by 6 weeks of treatment with antagonist alcohol + morphine after 30 minutes for 60 minutes of yawing behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 10 social isolation followed by 6 weeks of treatment with antagonist alcohol + morphine antagonist after 30 minutes for 60 minutes of yawing behavior is recorded for 60 minutes. Group 11 Social isolation after 6 treatments with antagonist morphine + alcohol followed after 30 minutes for 60 minutes of yawing behavior is recorded for 60 minutes.

Injection of alcohol chronically reduces yawning, but alcohol injections in conditions of social isolation increase the number of yawns. Antagonist injection of naltrexone prior morphine in conditions of social isolation of yawning. Injection of morphine in conditions of social isolation does not change the number of yawning. Injection of morphine antagonist (naloxone) prior to antagonist of alcohol (naltrexone) in conditions of social isolation increases yawn. Also, the injection of morphine antagonist (naloxone) prior to alcohol into social isolation causes an increase in the number of yawns. Alcohol injection before morphine in conditions of social isolation increases the number of yawns.

It seems that the stress of social isolation by decreasing alcohol and morphine function increases the number of yawns.
Overview on Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD)
Authors: Abdulwahed Areej Abdullah , Alsinani Asrar Abdulhameed , Alsaeed Nouf Ali Abdulwahab , Hejazy Asmaa
Published: September 2022

Most scholars regard mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) to be a separate illness, whereas some suggest it might be a precursor to a distinct connective tissue disease, such as SLE, SSc, or overlap syndrome. There are no distinct clinical symptoms of MCTD, and clinical presentations vary greatly across individuals. Since the first description, the categorization as a distinct clinical entity has been debated, particularly because individuals with U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) may eventually match the diagnostic criteria of other 'specified' CTDs. Furthermore, not all investigations have corroborated Sharp's initial definition of MCTD as a benign illness with no organ involvement and a quick response to low-dose glucocorticoids. Mixed connective tissue disease is an uncommon illness with an unknown frequency. Raynaud's phenomenon, arthralgias, swollen joints, esophageal dysfunction, muscular weakness, and sausage-like fingers are the most prevalent clinical signs of mixed connective disease, along with the presence of anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies. Although several sets of clinical criteria have been offered, there is no agreement on which is the most accurate.  MCTD frequently mimics various illnesses and can be readily misdiagnosed. However, many physicians like the Alarcon-Segovia and Villarreal criteria, owing to their simplicity and wide application. Here is little consensus on the initial or long-term therapy of MCTD, particularly the use of low-dose glucocorticoids, antimalarial, and immunosuppressive medications in varied clinical settings. In this article, we we’ll be looking at the disease epidemiology, assessment and treatment.
PENGARUH CUSTOMER PERCEIVED VALUE TERHADAP LOYALITAS TAMU PADA HOTEL BINTANG 4 DAN 5 DI SURABAYA DENGAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN SEBAGAI MEDIASI
Authors: Silva Elizabeth Amelia Da Costa E. , Hartanto Jane Amelia , Iskandar Vido
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to understand the influence of customer perceived value on customer loyalty in four- and five-star hotels at Surabaya with customer satisfaction as the mediating variable which were assigned during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Surabaya. In this research, researchers used a quantitative method which involved about 200 people who live in Surabaya and experienced staycation as the research’s respondents. This research shows that customer perceived value positively and significantly affects customer satisfaction, customer perceived value positive and significantly affects customer loyalty, customer satisfaction positive and significantly affects customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction fully mediates the relationship of customer perceived value and customer loyalty.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh customer perceived value terhadap loyalitas tamu yang menginap di hotel bintang 4 dan 5 yang ada di kota Surabaya dengan kepuasan tamu sebagai variabel mediasi yang diteliti selama pandemi COVID-19 berlangsung di kota Surabaya. Dalam penelitian berikut, peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang melibatkan 200 masyarakat Surabaya yang pernah melakukan kegiatan staycation sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa customer perceived value berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan tamu, customer perceived value berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas tamu, kepuasan tamu berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas tamu, dan kepuasan tamu memediasi penuh hubungan antara customer perceived value dan loyalitas tamu.
Time‐resolved surface charge change on the cytoplasmic side of bacteriorhodopsin
Authors: Alexiev U. , Scherrer P. , Marti T. , Khorana H.G. , Heyn M.P.
Published: July 2002

The pH‐sensitive dye 5‐iodoacetamidofluorescein was covalently bound to a single cysteine residue introduced by site‐directed mutagenesis in position 101 on the cytoplasmic surface or in position 130 on the extracellular surface of the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. Using time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy at 495 nm a transient increase was observed in the apparent pK of the dye attached at residue 101. At pH 7.3 the rise and decay times of this pK‐change (∼2 ms and ∼60 ms) correlate well with decay times observed for the M and O intermediates and with the proton uptake time. Interpreting the pK‐increase of +0.18 pH‐unit in terms of a transiently more negative surface charge density, we calculate a change of −0.80 elementary charge per bacteriorhodopsin at the cytoplasmic surface. It is likely that this charge change is due to the transient deprotonation of aspartate‐96. With the label in position 130 on the extracellular surface no transient pK‐shift was detected.
Real Estate Income and Relocation
Authors: Chinloy Peter
Published: July 2002

This paper looks at the decision relationship between two major assets of the individual, residential real estate and human capital, the ability to generate income from labor. Empirical results indicate that labor income is not sufficient for defining income within the utility fiction; real estate income must also be included. The derision to relocate must be made after considering both the return and risk in the area’s residential real estate as well as the potential income from salaries.
FHA domain boundaries of the Dun1p and Rad53p cell cycle checkpoint kinases
Authors: Hammet Andrew , Pike Brietta L. , Mitchelhill Kenneth I. , Teh Trazel , Kobe Bostjan , House Colin M. , Kemp Bruce E. , Heierhorst Jörg
Published: July 2002

Dun1p and Rad53p of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are members of a conserved family of cell cycle checkpoint protein kinases that contain forkhead‐associated (FHA) domains. Here, we demonstrate that these FHA domains contain 130–140 residues, and are thus considerably larger than previously predicted by sequence comparisons (55–75 residues). In vivo, expression of the proteolytically defined Dun1p FHA domain, but not a fragment containing only the predicted domain boundaries, inhibited the transcriptional induction of repair genes following replication blocks. This indicates that the non‐catalytic FHA domain plays an important role in the transcriptional function of the Dun1p protein kinase.
Seasonal variation in risk of anemia among pregnant Nepali women
Authors: Bondevik G.T. , Lie R.T. , Ulstein M. , Kvåle G.
Published: July 2002

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether there is any seasonal variation in risk of anemia among pregnant Nepali women. Methods: We studied the hematocrit values in pregnant women (n=5495) attending Patan Hospital, Kathmandu for the first antenatal visit in the 2‐year period from January 1994 until December 1995. In a sub‐sample of subjects (n=2706), additional information was obtained through interviews and clinical examinations. Logistic regression models were used to analyze data. Results: Mean hematocrit values recorded in the monsoon period were significantly lower than hematocrit values recorded in the winter. The prevalence of moderate (hematocrit 25–33%) and severe (hematocrit<25%) anemia was highest in September. Conclusions: We found a clear seasonal variation in risk of anemia, which was associated with rainfall and temperature. The monsoon seems to be a period when interventions may give the most beneficial effects.
Subcellular localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene transcripts: New insights into the pattern of TH gene expression in the locus coeruleus under pharmacological stimulation
Authors: Trembleau Alain , Bloom Floyd E.
Published: July 2002

To document the subcellular compartmentalization of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) primary (heterogeneous nuclear, hnRNA) and processed mRNA transcripts in vivo, we have studied the expression of the TH gene in the locus coeruleus of the rat brain in basal conditions and under pharmacological stimulation by reserpine. Using exon‐specific probes and electron microscopic in situ hybridization in reserpine‐treated animals, we have demonstrated that the TH mRNA is localized both in the perikaryal cytoplasm (in association with domains of the endoplasmic reticulum) and in the nucleus (in large and smaller aggregates). By comparing hybridization patterns with intron‐ and exon‐specific probes, we have shown that the two main foci of nuclear TH RNA labeling correspond to the Primary (hnRNA) transcript, while accessory secondary tracks or dots represent mature transcript devoid of introns. Finally, our data indicate that the pattern of expression of the TH gene is heterogeneous within the locus coeruleus neuron population. Under basal conditions, many neurons exhibit no detectable intro signal, although all locus coeruleus neurons express the TH gene. Other neurons display high intron labeling, and obviously express the gene at a much higher level. Upon reserpine stimulation, the number of neurons displaying detectable intro signals, as well as the intensity of the intron signal per neuron progressively increases during the first 24 h, suggesting that TH expressing neurons are progressively recruited for higher expression of this gene as the stimulation progresses.
Follicle‐like structures formed by intestinal cell lines derived from the HT29‐D4 adenocarcinoma cell line: Morphological and functional characterization
Authors: Mirrione Aline , Mauchamp Jean , Rimet Odile , Roccabianca Monique , Barra Yves , Alquier Christian
Published: July 2002

When cultured in high glucose containing medium, the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29‐D4 and a clone derived by transfection with the MDR1 cDNA (MDR31) form multilayers of unorganized cells which are not polarized and are linked by desmosomes. Within these multilayers appear spontaneously large multicellular follicle‐like‐structures (FLS) where polarized cells linked by tight junctional complexes surround a lumen. Electron microscopy showed that some FLS display well developed brush borders with densely packed microvilli. Others have irregularly oriented microvilli of various lengths or are even completely devoid of apical differentiation. The lumen contains a variable amount of amorphous osmiophilic material. The apical surface of FLS forming cells express dipeptidylpeptidase IV, carcinoembryonic antigen, the mucin MUC1 and for the transfected cells the gp‐170 protein. The organic anion fluorescein is transported from the cell to the lumen of FLS. Rhodamine 123, a substrate of the gp‐170 ABC transporter is also concentrated in the lumen formed by MDR31 cells. Verapamil and cyclosporine A inhibited this last transport. Cyclic AMP stimulates the formation of these structures since treatment of post‐confluent multilayers dramatically increased the number of FLS in HT29‐D4 and MDR31 cell cultures within 24 h. The spontaneous formation of these morphologically and functionally polarized structures appeared at random and might respond to the coincidence of fluctuating parameters of the regulatory pathways (cAMP, Ca2+).
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain and the pituitary during Bufo arenarum development
Authors: Miranda Leandro Andrés , Affanni Jorge Mario
Published: July 2002

The ontogeny of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neuronal system was evaluated by immunocytochemistry in Bufo arenarum. The first appearance of TRH immunoreactive fibers was at early premetamorphosis. These fibers were found in small numbers and weakly stained in the median eminence and pars nervosa. With the advance of larval development, TRH‐like material stained intensely and tended to aggregate in the median eminence, pars nervosa and pars intermedia. At climax stages immunoreactive fibers and perikarya (weakly stained) were also identified in the preoptic area. In adult specimens TRH perikarya and neuronal fibers were found in the preoptic and infundibular nuclei of the hypothalamus and in the amygdala, septum and diagonal band of Broca of the telencephalon. In addition, TRH neuronal fibers and endings were found in the preoptic‐hypophyseal tract, the external zone of the median eminence, the pars nervosa and pars intermedia. Fibers were absent in the pars distalis. This study represents the first immunocytochemical demonstration of TRH in Bufo species, and serves as a basis for clarification of the neuroendocrine regulation of metamorphosis.
Antihormonal treatment of paraphilic patients in German forensic psychiatric clinics
Authors: Czerny J.-P. , Briken P. , Berner W.
Published: July 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate which antihormonal treatment strategies are used in German forensic psychiatric institutions. Forensic clinics were asked about the number of treated patients. Four hundred seventy-four patients were committed for sex offences; 12% received either CPA (n = 29) or LHRH- agonists (n = 29). Differences in efficacy were small. Several side effects confirm the importance of a protocol for minimizing medical complications.
Undergraduate research
Authors: Fogarty Ellie , Mayo Herbert
Published: July 2002

An undergraduate senior thesis offers the individual student an opportunity to pursue a topic of special interest or in greater depth than available in a traditional course. This paper describes the Senior Thesis in Finance required of all finance majors enrolled in The College of New Jersey, specifies the objectives of the thesis, and offers the results on an assessment survey of alumni, who completed the senior thesis. © 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Student learning style and educational outcomes
Authors: Fox Jonathan , Bartholomae Suzanne
Published: July 2002

The academic performance of 419 undergraduate students in an individual financial management class was evaluated in light of their learning style, demographic background, academic history and time allocation. Academic history and time use variables proved to be the only significant predictors of grades in the course. Student learning style, as measured by Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory, was not a strong predictor of success in this financial management class, and it appears that no single type of learner best grasps financial management concepts. The implications of these finding lead to a discussion of instructional methods. © 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Expression of Single Chain Antibodies (ScFvs) for c‐myc Oncoprotein in Recombinant Escherichiacoli Membranes by Using the Ice‐Nucleation Protein of Pseudomonassyringae
Authors: Bassi Amarjeet S. , Ding Daniel N. , Gloor Gregory B. , Margaritis Argyrios
Published: July 2002

The ice nucleation protein (INP) is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored outer membrane protein found in certain Gram‐negative bacteria. In this study, the INP from Pseudomonas syringae was applied as a fusion partner with the single chain antibody fragment (ScFv) against the human oncoprotein c‐myc. Two new plasmids pNinaZ‐myc and pNinaZScFv‐BsaA1 were constructed and cloned into Escherichia coli JM109. The expression of the fusion protein was successfully demonstrated in the cloned cells. The fusion proteins had no effect on the viability of the host cells. Ice nucleation activity measurements and flow cytometry studies were followed to investigate the membrane expression of the fusion protein.
Improving the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme System for Electrode‐Driven Biocatalysis of Styrene Epoxidation
Authors: Mayhew Martin P. , Reipa Vytautas , Holden Marcia J. , Vilker Vincent L.
Published: July 2002

Cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze a vast array of oxidative and reductive biotransformations that are potentially useful for industrial and pharmaceutical syntheses. Factors such as cofactor utilization and slow reaction rates for nonnatural substrates limit their large‐scale usefulness. This paper reports several improvements that make the cytochrome P450cam enzyme system more practical for the epoxidation of styrene. NADH coupling was increased from 14 to 54 mol %, and product turnover rate was increased from 8 to 70 min−1 by introducing the Y96F mutation to P450cam. Styrene and styrene oxide mass balance determinations showed different product profiles at low and high styrene conversion levels. For styrene conversion less than about 25 mol %, the stoichiometry between styrene consumption and styrene oxide formation was 1:1. At high styrene conversion, a second doubly oxidized product, α‐hydroxyacetophenone, was formed. This was also the exclusive product when Y96F P450cam acted on racemic, commercially available styrene oxide. The α‐hydroxyacetophenone product was suppressed in reactions where styrene was present at saturating concentrations. Finally, styrene epoxidation was carried out in an electroenzymatic reactor. In this scheme, the costly NADH cofactor and one of the three proteins (putidaredoxin reductase) are eliminated from the Y96F P450cam enzyme system.
Production of Cycloisomaltooligosaccharides from Dextran Using Enzyme Immobilized in Multilayers onto Porous Membranes
Authors: Kawakita Hidetaka , Sugita Kazuyuki , Saito Kyoichi , Tamada Masao , Sugo Takanobu , Kawamoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2002

Anion‐exchange porous hollow‐fiber membranes with a thickness of about 1.2 mm and a pore size of about 0.30 μm were used as a supporting matrix to immobilize cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase). CITase was immobilized to the membrane via anion‐exchange adsorption and by subsequent enzymatic cross‐linking with transglutaminase, the amount of which ranged from 3 to 110 mg per gram of the membrane. The degree of enzyme multilayer binding was equivalent to 0.3–9.8. Dextran, as the substrate, was converted into seven‐ to nine‐glucose‐membered cycloisomaltooligosaccharides (CI‐7, ‐8, and ‐9) at a maximum yield of 28% in weight at a space velocity of 10 per hour during the permeation of 2.0% (w/w) dextran solution across the CITase‐immobilized porous hollow‐fiber membrane. The yield of CIs increased with increasing degree of CITase multilayering.
Crystallization and X‐ray Diffraction of Crystals Formed in Water‐Plasticized Amorphous Lactose
Authors: Jouppila Kirsi , Kansikas Jarno , Roos Yrjö H.
Published: July 2002

Effects of storage time and relative humidity on crystallization and crystal forms produced from amorphous lactose were investigated. Crystallization was observed from time‐dependent loss of sorbed water and increasing intensities of peaks in X‐ray diffraction patterns. The rate of crystallization increased with increasing storage relative humidity. Lactose crystallized mainly as α‐lactose monohydrate and anhydrous crystals with α‐ and β‐lactose in a molar ratio of 5:3. The results suggested that the crystal form was defined by the early nucleation process. The crystallization data are important in modeling of crystallization phenomena and prediction of stability of lactose‐containing food and pharmaceutical materials.
Design rationale, synthesis, and characterization of non‐natural analogs of the cationic amino acids arginine and lysine
Authors: Kennedy K.J. , Lundquist Iv J.T. , Simandan T.L. , Kokko K.P. , Dix T.A. , Beeson C.C.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: A series of non‐natural isosteric analogs of the cationic, ion‐pairing, natural amino acids arginine and lysine have been synthesized, characterized with regard to relevant physical parameters, and protected for routine inclusion in Merrifield solid‐phase synthesis. The design of these molecules is based on the concept of steric inhibition of solvation, in that judicious placement of alkyl groups can destabilize aqueous ion solvation and favor ion‐pairing [see Beeson & Dix (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc.115, 10275]. When the residues are substituted for the natural amino acids in biologically active peptides, enhanced ion‐pairing of the peptides to their receptors to increase the peptides’ biological activities can result. The increased lipophilicity of the non‐natural residues can also improve pharmacokinetic parameters and agonist/antagonist behaviors of peptides. While the synthesis of the L‐series is described, theD‐isomers were also prepared using identical chemistry
Practice‐based learning: emerging professional characteristics, self‐concepts and patterns of knowing in dental training
Authors: Woodman Theresa , Pee Barbel , Fry Heather , Davenport Elizabeth S.
Published: July 2002

This paper reports on a content analysis of a reflective learning activity named “A Learning Experience”. The study aimed to elucidate the reflections of dental undergraduates and dental therapy students with the purpose of analysing the meaning they attribute to their experiences in training. Thirty‐one student‐completed worksheets were analysed by drawing themes and patterns from the text. In addition, responses were categorised according to patterns of knowing: empirical, aesthetic, personal and ethical. Findings show that students focused mainly on negative experiences and problem situations. Student reflections showed all 4 patterns of knowing and highlighted emerging professional characteristics and students' own professional self‐concepts. Findings are discussed in the light of a growing trend in higher and professional education to encourage reflection on learning and practice.
Microspectrophotometric Analysis of Intact Chromatophores of the Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes
Authors: ARMSTRONG TINA N. , CRONIN THOMAS W. , BRADLEY BRIAN P.
Published: July 2002

To investigate the possible photoprotective role of chromatophores in fish, the absorbances of four types of intact chromatophores in adult and larval Japanese medaka were analyzed using microspectrophotometric techniques. The absorbance spectrum of each chromatophore class was obtained from 300 to 550 nm. The absorbance spectra of intact leucophores, melanophores and xanthophores were very similar to the published absorbance spectra of the isolated pure pigments contained in each chromatophore type, pteridines, melanin and carotenoids or pteridines, respectively. Based on these absorbance spectra, leucophores and melanophores should provide the most ultraviolet (UV) photoprotection to fish since the compounds they contain, pteridines and melanin, correspondingly, have strong absorbances in the UV region of the spectrum. Xanthophores containing carotenoids are not likely to provide much protection to fish from UV‐induced damage since carotenoids have low absorbances in the UV range. Xanthophores containing colored pteridines, however, may provide somewhat greater UV protection to fish, since pteridines absorb more light than carotenoids in the UV portion of the spectrum. The relative frequency, coverage and thickness of these two types of xanthophores should determine how much protection xanthophores as a chromatophore type would provide against UV‐induced damage.
The implementation of a new parallel child health record
Authors: Knowles R. , Blackburn M. , Zahir M. , Russell M. , Carrier A. , Nevrkla E.
Published: July 2002

After a decade of research, the parent‐held Personal Child Health Record was introduced in some parts of the United Kingdom in 1991, coinciding with the enforcement of the Children Act 1989. It was designed as the main record of a child’s health and development, to be used until adulthood and to be held by parents. Several Health Care Trusts have since discovered a need to maintain parallel records in the best interests of children. Barnet introduced the ‘Joint Professional Record’ in 1995 for selected children, such as children on the Child Protection Register. The Joint Professional Record (JPR) is a single, clinic‐held, parallel record for multidisciplinary use. We undertook a programme of audit and staff seminars to develop and evaluate use of the JPR. We discuss, below, the impact of this record on professional working relationships and consider the implications of its use as a confidential record and within our policy of working in partnership with parents. In our experience, the JPR has proved a useful adjunct to clinical supervision in the arena of Child Protection and is appropriately used for children in need of protection and those with ‘special needs’.
Spatio‐temporal distribution of young fish in tributaries of natural and flow‐regulated sections of a neotropical river in French Guiana
Authors: M Sylvie , Érigoux . , Ponton Dominique
Published: July 2002

1. We investigated which environmental parameters control the variation in density, in space and time, of young stages of fish in tributaries of a natural and a flow‐regulated section of the Sinnamary River, French Guiana.

2. The density of the progeny in most taxa varied in space and/or time. However, most non‐Perciformes responded differently to space and/or time in the two sections.

3. Oxygen, turbidity and habitat structure (i.e. bank length, occurrence of undercut bank, richness in litter, vegetation and substratum) were important, as was the position of the sampling site relatively to the main channel in the downstream tributaries, in explaining the variation of density in space in both sections. Both habitat complexity and distance from the main channel protect young fish against unpredictable flow releases downstream from the Petit Saut dam.

4. Hydrological events played an important role in the temporal variation in densities of many fish taxa. The density of most early life and many juvenile stages (mostly Characiformes) was positively related to hydrological events.

5. Some fish taxa had reproductive habits which were relatively independent of abiotic factors, such as flow variability, and the density of their progeny did not vary with time.

6. The nursery areas of more than 45% of species in the Sinnamary River have been degraded by flow regulation.