bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Approach and Tool for Assessing and Increasing the Sustainability of Renewable Energy Projects
Authors: Tian Jing , Culley Sam , Maier Holger R. , Zecchin Aaron C. , Hopeward James
Published: December 2024

The imperative of achieving net zero carbon emissions is driving the transition to renewable energy sources. However, this often leads to carbon tunnel vision by narrowly focusing on carbon metrics and overlooking broader sustainability impacts. To enable these broader impacts to be considered, we have developed a generic approach and a freely available assessment tool on GitHub that not only facilitate the high-level sustainability assessment of renewable energy projects but also indicate whether project-level decisions have positive, negative, or neutral impacts on each of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This information highlights potential problem areas and which actions can be taken to increase the sustainability of renewable energy projects. The tool is designed to be accessible and user-friendly by developing it in MS Excel and by only requiring yes/no answers to approximately 60 diagnostic questions. The utility of the approach and tool are illustrated via three desktop case studies performed by the authors. The three illustrative case studies are located in Australia and include a large-scale solar farm, biogas production from wastewater plants, and an offshore wind farm. Results show that the case study projects impact the SDGs in different and unique ways and that different project–level decisions are most influential, highlighting the value of the proposed approach and tool to provide insight into specific projects and their sustainability implications, as well as which actions can be taken to increase project sustainability.
Blockchain-Driven Carbon Accountability in Supply Chains
Authors: Alotaibi Eid M , Khallaf Ashraf , Abdallah Abed Al-Nasser , Zoubi Taisier , Alnesafi Awwad
Published: December 2024

This study examines the use of blockchain technology in ESG reporting, with a focus on carbon emissions accounting within supply chains. Using a design science methodology, it develops a blockchain-based framework that integrates automated data collection, verification, and analysis. The framework enables precise tracking of carbon emissions, enhances compliance with ESG standards, and resolves key issues like data reliability and standardization. Results show improved reporting accuracy through immutable data records and automated verification processes. This advancement allows organizations to optimize decision-making, reduce carbon footprints, and achieve sustainability goals. The study contributes theoretically by introducing an innovative blockchain-integrated ESG reporting model and practically by offering a validated framework for companies to streamline carbon accountability and improve ESG compliance.
Environmental-, Social-, and Governance-Oriented Pension Funds for Young Contributors: A Win–Win Option
Authors: Bocchialini Elisa , Bova Demetrio Miloslavo , Colivicchi Ilaria , Ielasi Federica
Published: December 2024

The world’s 300 largest pension funds manage assets for more than USD 21 trillion. A strict orientation to environmental, social, and good governance (ESG) in the investment portfolio of pension funds can play a key role in triggering the economy toward a sustainable transition. Can responsible pension plans be an attractive investment opportunity for young people? Since the performance of pension funds depends on the demographic characteristics of investors, other than the financial results of investment portfolios, this study aimed to test the convenience of ESG-oriented pension plans for young contributors aged 20–29 with different risk propensities and attitudes towards sustainability. The analysis was started using accurate data provided by an Italian pension fund, observed from 2012 to 2022. The methods applied were a Monte Carlo simulation of the individual actuarial balances, the expected utility, and the willingness to pay. The results show that ESG-oriented pension funds are convenient for young people who invest in riskier lines. Still, it is sufficient for a light green preference to persuade young contributors to invest in ESG-oriented funds and balanced lines. The results of the study can support pension fund managers in defining and offering appropriate ESG lines suitable for younger investors.
Assessment of Stakeholder Benefits from Participating in Community-Shared Solar Photovoltaics Through Monthly Renting and Load Management in South Korea
Authors: Jung Somi , Kim Dongwoo
Published: December 2024

Various studies have explored community-shared solar (CSS) initiatives to help lower energy costs and increase the use of renewable energy sources. Various forms of CSS have been developed worldwide, specifically adapted to meet local economic and environmental conditions as well as technological readiness. This study proposes a variant of CSS that incorporates monthly photovoltaic (PV) rental options and load management functions for households in South Korea, a country characterized by limited land availability, high population density, and extremely high land-use costs. This study evaluates the feasibility of the proposed CSS by assessing the economic benefits for all stakeholders involved, including households, the CSS business (or government), and the grid service provider. It utilizes a mathematical programming model for its formulation and employs an iterative algorithm based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for solving it. Additionally, a numerical assessment is conducted with 400 customers classified into three different categories of energy usage. The findings indicate that participating households experienced a reduction in electricity costs ranging from 36.8% to 56.7%, depending on the season and specific scenarios. The CSS business also realized significant profits while the grid service provider benefited from reduced fluctuations in power supply, leading to improved efficiency in grid operations and maintenance.
Evaluation and Spatial Evolution Analysis of High-Quality Development in China’s Construction Industry Utilizing Catastrophe Progression Method: A Case Study of Twelve Provinces in the Western Region
Authors: Xiang Yong , Yin Hao , Wei Yao , Su Yangyang
Published: December 2024

With the spread of the concept of sustainable development, the quality of development of the construction industry has begun to receive attention. Compared with speed, the quality of the development of the construction industry is not only reflected in its output, but also its impact on socio-economic development factors, which should be emphasized, and the comprehensiveness of its measurement is more difficult to ensure. However, theoretical and practical research on construction development in developing countries has been limited, mainly in terms of the semantic foundations and quantitative methods of the subject. Therefore, this paper focuses on China, the largest developing country, defines the concept and connotation of high-quality development of the construction industry (HQDCI), and constructs a set of tools for evaluating and analyzing HQDCI based on the theory of mutation and the relevant theories of spatial econometrics. In case studies, we also found that the key role of innovation drive and social contribution in HQDCI has been highlighted, and the balance of development has constrained HQDCI in some regions. In terms of spatial analysis, we find that the role of economic circles and city clusters in promoting HQDCI deserves attention, mainly because economic circles and city clusters can drive regional coordination, resource integration, and innovation diffusion. This paper expects to provide some insights into the transformation and sustainable development of other developing countries through this evaluation and analysis system based on the transformation of China’s construction industry.
A Cross Generational Exploration of Motivations for Traditional Ethnic Costume Photography Tourism in China
Authors: Marjerison Rob Kim , Kim Jong Min , Jun Jin Young , Liu Hanling , Kuan George
Published: December 2024

This research aims to examine the underlying motivations across generations to engage in the growing trend of Chinese people incorporating traditional Chinese ethnic clothing into their travel photography. As globalization continues to reshape cultural identities, individuals seek ways to connect with their heritage and express their cultural pride. This study delves into the factors that drive Chinese travelers to embrace traditional Chinese ethnic clothing as a means of self-expression and cultural representation. Data were collected through an online survey that was distributed to a diverse sample of Chinese travelers, capturing their perspectives on the significance of traditional Chinese ethnic clothing in travel photography. The findings indicate that there are differing motivations across generations and that a desire for cultural connectivity plays a moderating role in the relationship between different generations and their level of interest in traditional costume photo tourism. By understanding these motivations, travel agencies, photographers, and cultural organizations can better cater to the evolving needs and desires of Chinese travelers. Additionally, this study contributes to the broader discourse on cultural identity and globalization, illustrating the ways in which individuals negotiate their sense of self in an interconnected world.
Characterization and Analysis of Public Policies to Prevent and Manage Food Waste in Mexico
Authors: Mundo-Rosas Verónica , Morales-Díaz Leydi Diana , Posadas-Domínguez Rodolfo Rogelio , González-Victoria Rosa María , Galarde-López Miguel , García-Guerra Armando
Published: December 2024

Every year, 20.4 million tons of food are wasted in Mexico, which is about 34% of the national production. To date, there is no official national strategy, nor is there a guide to prioritize the actions to be implemented. At the same time, the global trend to reduce food waste is based on solutions that follow the priorities established for waste management in general, focusing first on prevention and then on reuse and recycling. The aim of this work is to identify, characterize, and analyze Mexican public policies for the prevention and management of food waste, compare them with international guidelines, and provide recommendations. Our results show that the public policies and the analyzed initiatives are concentrated at the levels of recycle (40.0%), prevention (34.1%), and reuse (29.4%). The type of actions currently implemented in Mexico are weak because they do not generate structural changes in the food system to avoid food waste. In Mexico, as in the rest of the world, food production, transportation, and consumption require efficient and sustainable practices in the face of the devasting effects of climate change. Policies to counteract food waste are not enough to achieve structural changes in the food system, so it is necessary to strengthen prevention, which has the greatest potential to reduce environmental, economic and social impacts.
Evaluating the Impact of E-Governance on Public Service Improvement in Albania: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Xhafka Eralda , Sinoimeri Dea , Teta Jonida
Published: December 2024

E-governance is reshaping public administration by enhancing efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement. This study explores the impact of e-governance on public service improvements in Albania through an extensive quantitative analysis of survey data. Using statistical tools such as correlation analysis, clustering techniques, and reliability testing, this study identifies both the strengths and areas for improvement in the current e-governance framework. The findings reveal significant groupings of survey responses, indicating thematic coherence, and highlight clusters of similar perceptions among respondents. Reliability testing, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0 to 1, underscores the robustness of the survey, where higher values indicate greater reliability and internal consistency. This analysis provides a foundation for future studies and policy recommendations, emphasizing the need for in-depth studies on specific factors influencing public service improvement, as well as the importance of targeted e-governance strategies tailored to various demographic segments, including age and education levels.
Communication Strategies for Sustainable Urban Agriculture in Thailand
Authors: Sereenonchai Sukanya , Arunrat Noppol
Published: December 2024

Urban agriculture (UA) is being increasingly embraced to improve access to healthy food and enhance urban aesthetics. This study explores the framing of urban agricultural knowledge disseminated via social media through a coding framework and content analysis of eleven clips from the Sustainable Agriculture Foundation (Thailand) on Facebook and YouTube. It also examines factors influencing satisfaction using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and proposes practical communication strategies. A survey of 200 experienced viewers was conducted and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. The findings from both analyses were used to develop communication strategies. Key results showed that leading farmers framed their messages by explaining actions, reasoning, outcomes, and associated health benefits. Clear, easy-to-understand messages drive higher engagement on social media by being accessible, memorable, emotionally appealing, and shareable. Source credibility and information quality significantly influence satisfaction with urban agriculture. Including self-efficacy as a moderating factor, along with source credibility and interactivity, also significantly impacts knowledge satisfaction. An integrated approach to promoting source credibility, information quality, interactivity, accessibility, and self-efficacy in urban agriculture should focus on community-led initiatives, feedback loops, and collaboration with local governments and schools, particularly in sustainability efforts.
Key Tensions in the Development of Regional Heat Infrastructure in The Netherlands: The Dilemmas of an Interorganizational Strategy Process
Authors: Toering Arnoud R. , Rodhouse Toyah S. G. H. , de Bruijne Mark L. C. , Veeneman Wijnand W. , Correljé Aad F. , Pesch Udo
Published: December 2024

The proposed solutions for sustainable development generally require new links and the involvement of multiple sectors. As a consequence, organizations can rely less on closed and rational analysis-based forms of strategizing; they increasingly see the need for joint strategy processes. However, a joint strategy process challenges the boundaries of the organizations involved, which creates tensions. This paper takes stock of conflicts and uncertainties that organizations which become involved in joint strategizing encounter. Our focal point is the sustainable development of infrastructure. We focus on an explorative single case study on the coordination of heat infrastructure development in the Regional Energy Strategy Rotterdam-The Hague (RES R-TH). The primary data were collected via three sources of information: observations from roundtable meetings, interviews with representatives of the organizations involved in the RES-TH and reflections from participants of these actors in research-led ateliers. We illuminate a wide range of tensions between organizations and identify three categories of dilemmas: input, throughput and outcome. By explicating dilemmas and identifying categories, we discard the idea that a universal solution exists for organizations engaging in joint strategizing. Instead, we provide evidence of different types of decision-making challenges, which emerges from a more granular analysis of the open strategizing process.
Exploring the Footprint of COVID-19 on the Evolution of Public Bus Transport Demand Using GIS
Authors: González-Escobar Rafael , Vega Naranjo Juan Miguel , Jiménez-Espada Montaña , Vivas Jonathan Galeano
Published: December 2024

The scope of the research work described in this article involved identifying the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the urban public transport system in a medium-sized city and its adjacent metropolitan area, using as reference information the number of tickets effectively sold in order to determine the fluctuation in the volume of passengers on the different bus lines before, during and after the pandemic. At the methodological level, a combined approach was employed, involving, on the one hand, the collection of open access public data from institutional repositories and information provided by the government and, on the other hand, network analysis and graphical mapping using GIS tools. The results obtained at the micro level (individualised study of each urban bus line) reveal a significant decrease in the number of passengers during the pandemic, showing the effect of mobility restrictions and the fear of contagion. However, a gradual recovery in post-pandemic demand has been observed, highlighting a large variability in recovery patterns between different bus lines. Such a situation could be attributable to several factors, such as the socio-demographic characteristics of the areas served, the frequency of the service, connectivity with other modes of transport and users’ perception of the quality of the service. At the macro level (comparison between urban and interurban transport), lines with higher demand prior to the pandemic have shown greater resilience and faster recovery. However, urban transport has experienced a more uniform and accelerated recuperation than interurban transport, with significant percentage differences in the years analysed. This disparity could be explained by the greater dependence of inhabitants on urban transport for their daily trips, due to its greater frequency and geographical coverage. Interurban transport, on the other hand, shows a more fluctuating demand and a lower dependence of users. Finally, the lack of previous research focused on the impact of the pandemic in sparsely populated rural areas restricts the ability to establish a solid frame of reference and generalise the results of this study. The authors consider that more detailed future research, including a comparative analysis of different alternative transport modes in inter-urban settings and considering a broader set of socio-demographic variables of passengers, is needed to better understand mobility dynamics in these areas and their evolution in the context of the pandemic.
Girder Bridge Apparent Condition Rating Model Based on Machine Learning and Inspection Reports
Authors: Ji Yongcheng , Qin Yangyang , Xu Wenyuan
Published: December 2024

The importance of bridge technical condition assessment is not only to ensure traffic safety but also to ensure the project’s sustainable development. Therefore, problems exist in the traditional highway bridge technical condition evaluation standard, such as fixed weight value, cumbersome calculation, and intense subjectivity. A total of 146 bridge inspection reports in Heilongjiang Province were collected in this paper. Using Pearson correlation analysis for bridge components and bridge age and length, the features with strong correlation are identified as the basis for modeling, and a machine learning model is introduced to evaluate the technical condition of the bridge. The application effects of the BP neural network, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and particle swarm optimization-support vector machine (PSO-SVM) in bridge evaluation and classification are compared and analyzed. The results show that the essential parameters penalty factor c and kernel function g in support vector machine optimized by particle swarm optimization overcome the shortcomings of the SVM model, improving the accuracy of the assessment. It can be used as an effective means to evaluate the technical condition of bridges and provide scientific decision-making reference for the maintenance of bridges.
Understanding the Difference Between Spatial Accessibility and Perceived Accessibility of Public Service Facilities in Coastal Towns and Villages
Authors: Wang Jia-Bing , Feng Li-Yi , Guo Ling , Liu Bin-Yan , Hong Xin-Chen
Published: December 2024

The discrepancy between the physical accessibility and perceived accessibility of public service facilities in coastal towns and villages of Fujian, China, was investigated in this study. Through a spatial distribution analysis of education and medical service facilities in Liushui Town and Xingchen Town, the equity and coverage levels of various facilities were evaluated based on the residents’ physical travel costs and perceptions. The results show pronounced spatial heterogeneity between the physical and perceived accessibility across different regions. Our findings suggest that, while certain areas boast a lot of physical access to facilities, the residents’ perceived access is significantly influenced by factors such as the terrain, transportation conditions, and the types of available travel tools. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of rural public service facilities, aiming to bridge the foundational service gap between urban and rural areas and promote the equitable development of rural living environments.
Carbon Removal Accounting for a Sustainable Future: Distributing CO2 Flows in Multiservice Systems
Authors: Rodriguez-Garcia Gonzalo , Brandão Miguel , Anex Robert
Published: December 2024

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) systems are an integral part of sustainable pathways limiting global warming to less than 2.0 °C. When the sole purpose of CDR is capturing and storing atmospheric CO2, carbon registries offer detailed procedures to calculate the carbon removal credits. However, the registries do not address how to distribute CO2 flows when CDR provides additional services. Standardized, transparent rules for distributing CO2 flows among CDR services are required for the formation of efficient private and public carbon markets. The lack of such rules could result in double counting if those reductions are allocated to more than one service, decreasing the trustworthiness of carbon removal credits or deterring the delivery of an additional low-carbon service, thus limiting the economic viability and deployment of CDR. We examine allocation rules in carbon registries and carbon accounting guidelines, including their life cycle assessment (LCA) principles. We evaluate physical (mass-based) and non-physical (economic) allocation methods using a generic CDR system and find both to be unworkable. We then develop a mass balance (MB) approach which can reliably allocate captured and stored carbon (CSC) between carbon removal credits and other services based on the value CO2 removal in those markets. This practical approach to allocation can be used in a transparent way to provide flexibility that would allow CDR services to capture the value of the multiple services they provide and, through this, promote the deployment of these sustainable alternatives.
From Technological Integration to Sustainable Innovation: How Diversified Mergers and Acquisitions Portfolios Catalyze Breakthrough Technologies
Authors: Xu Xueguo , Yuan Hetong , Lei Xue
Published: December 2024

Against the backdrop of intensifying global technological competition and sustainable development challenges, achieving breakthroughs in core technologies has become a significant challenge for Chinese enterprises. While existing research indicates that technological Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) serve as a crucial pathway for acquiring external innovation resources, the previous literature often examines acquisition events in isolation, overlooking potential synergistic effects among multiple acquisitions implemented within specific periods. Drawing on knowledge recombination theory, this study examines the innovative effects of diversified technological M&A portfolios. We argue that under the dual pressures of digital transformation and sustainable development, enterprises can establish multidimensional knowledge foundations and trigger cross-domain recombination of knowledge elements through implementing different types of technological acquisitions, thereby catalyzing transformative breakthrough innovations that fundamentally reshape technological trajectories that contribute to sustainable competitive advantages. Based on acquisition and patent data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2022, our findings reveal that diversified technological M&A portfolios significantly promote breakthrough innovation through three mechanisms: knowledge distance optimization, cognitive schema reconstruction, and complementarity of innovation elements. Further analysis indicates that this effect is more pronounced in companies with Chief Science Officers (CSOs) and high-tech enterprise qualifications. This research not only enriches theoretical research on technological M&As and innovation management but also provides new practical insights for enterprises seeking to achieve sustainable breakthrough innovations through strategic acquisition deployment.
Sustainability Consciousness and Environmental Behaviors: Examining Demographic Differences Among Sports Science Students
Authors: Eraslan Meriç , KIR Sevim , Turan Mehmet Behzat , Iqbal Mujahid
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the sustainability consciousness and environmental behaviors of sports science students, focusing on demographic differences. A total of 440 voluntary students (213 females and 227 males) from the Faculty of Sports Sciences participated, selected through simple random sampling. Data collection tools included a researcher-designed personal information form, the Sustainable Consciousness Scale, and the Environmental Behavior Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22, employing descriptive statistics to summarize the data. Normality tests were conducted to determine the suitability of parametric analyses, followed by t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Pearson correlation and regression analyses were also utilized. The findings revealed no significant differences in sustainability consciousness and environmental behaviors based on variables such as active sports participation or sports duration. However, significant differences were identified based on gender, age, and academic achievement. Additionally, a strong positive relationship was observed between sustainability consciousness and environmental behaviors. The findings underscore the need for personalized educational strategies that consider demographic differences in fostering pro-environmental behaviors. These insights have practical implications for the development of targeted curricula and policies aimed at enhancing sustainability consciousness in higher education, particularly within sports sciences. Tailored interventions for different demographic groups could improve the effectiveness of sustainability education and encourage greater environmental responsibility among future sports professionals.
Environmental and Health Benefits of Reducing Tyre Wear Emissions in Preparation for the New Euro 7 Standard
Authors: Giechaskiel Barouch , Grigoratos Theodoros , Dilara Panagiota , Franco Vicente
Published: December 2024

Microplastics pollution is becoming a major environmental concern for air, soil, and water. The European Union (EU) Zero Pollution Action Plan targets to reduce microplastics release to the environment by 30% by 2030. Tyre wear is estimated to be the most important contributor to unintentionally released microplastics to the environment. For this reason, the new Euro 7 vehicle emission standard introduced placeholders for limiting tyre abrasion. In this study, we calculate the environmental pollution from tyres using as a basis a recent review on tyre wear emission factors. We also estimate the impact of reducing the average emission factors following the Euro 7 implementation dates. Additionally, we present the cost savings to the EU by such a reduction over a time horizon until 2050. Even though the final cost saving estimations come with some uncertainty due to lack of accurate and up-to-date emission factors, especially for heavy-duty vehicles, the introduction of tyre wear limits has a significant positive impact under all scenarios examined.
Three-Dimensional Human Body Reconstruction Using Dual-View Normal Maps
Authors: Dong Yukun , Wang Shengtao , Sun Junqi , Wang Menghua , Cheng Long
Published: December 2024

High-fidelity 3D human body reconstruction is challenging, as single-view methods often lead to distortions due to self-occlusion, and the existing multi-view approaches either focus on pose or exhibit limited performance. This study presents an efficient approach to realistic 3D human body reconstruction from front and back images, emphasizing symmetry and surface detail preservation. We begin by extracting the key points and pose information from dual-view images, applying SMPL-X to generate an initial 3D body. Then, using normal maps derived from both views, we infer high-fidelity surfaces and optimize SMPL-X based on these reconstructed surfaces. Through implicit modeling, we merge the front and back surfaces, ensuring a symmetric fusion boundary for a complete 3D body model. Our experimental results on the THuman2.0 dataset demonstrate our method’s effectiveness, with significant improvements in the surface detail fidelity. To validate the model’s accuracy further, we collected waist and chest circumference measurements from 120 individuals, finding an average measurement error below 0.8 centimeters, thus confirming the robustness of SMPL-X optimized with dual-view data.
The Property of the Gaia Celestial Reference Frame 3 (Gaia-CRF3)
Authors: Liu Guangyi , Guo Sufen
Published: December 2024

With the release of Gaia DR3, evaluating the performance and consistency of its reference frame (Gaia-CRF3) with the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3) has become a critical task. Gaia-CRF3 serves as the second non-rotating inertial reference frame in the optical wavelength for the implementation of the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS). This study assesses the properties of Gaia-CRF3 by uniformly sampling Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) sources from Gaia DR3 using two methods: Fibonacci grid sampling and HEALPix pixel sampling. Both techniques aim to create an all-sky uniformly distributed star catalog to minimize correlations between Vector Spherical Harmonic (VSH) expansion coefficients. Using the Fibonacci grid, approximately 430,000 uniformly distributed sources were selected from the 5-parameter solution of Gaia DR3. After VSH processing, the rotation vector and glide vector were determined as R=(10.7±3.1,2.2±2.7,−2.5±4.0)μas · year−1 and G=(0.3±3.1,−1.2±2.7,−2.5±4.0)μas · year−1, respectively. Using HEALPix sampling, a catalog of approximately 190,000 sources was created by averaging source positions within each pixel. The VSH analysis yielded R=(11.7±2.1,2.7±1.8,−3.7±2.7)μas · year−1 and G=(0.9±2.1,−2.3±1.8,−4.4±2.7)μas · year−1. Comparison with results derived from a non-uniformly sampled catalog showed that uniform sampling significantly reduced both the magnitudes of the R and G components and their associated errors. The derived values for Gaia-CRF3 are consistent with ICRF3, whose rotation and glide vectors are R=(−3.44±0.30,+1.57±0.28,−1.24±0.32)μas · year−1 and G=(+3.41±6.71,+8.99±6.50,−1.47±6.04)μas · year−1. These findings confirm that Gaia-CRF3 is a reliable and accurate reference frame, comparable in precision to ICRF3, making it a robust implementation of the optical ICRS for astrometric applications.
Saliva Diagnostics in Spaceflight Virology Studies—A Review
Authors: Diak Douglass M. , Crucian Brian E. , Nelman-Gonzalez Mayra , Mehta Satish K.
Published: December 2024

Many biological markers of normal and disease states can be detected in saliva. The benefits of saliva collection for research include being non-invasive, ease of frequent sample collection, saving time, and being cost-effective. A small volume (≈1 mL) of saliva is enough for these analyses that can be collected in just a few minutes. For “dry” saliva paper matrices, additional drying times (about 30 min) may be needed, but this can be performed at room temperature without the need for freezers and specialized equipment. Together, these make saliva an ideal choice of body fluid for many clinical studies from diagnosis to monitoring measurable biological substances in hospital settings, remote, and other general locations including disaster areas. For these reasons, we have been using saliva (dry as well as wet) from astronauts participating in short- and long-duration space missions for over two decades to conduct viral, stress, and immunological studies. We have also extended the use of saliva to space analogs including bed rest, Antarctica, and closed-chamber studies. Saliva is a biomarker-rich and easily accessible body fluid that could enable larger and faster public health screenings, earlier disease detection, and improved patient outcomes. This review summarizes our lessons learned from utilizing saliva in spaceflight research and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of saliva in clinical diagnostics.
Oral Vaccine Formulation for Immunocastration Using a Live-Attenuated Salmonella ΔSPI2 Strain as an Antigenic Vector
Authors: Bucarey Sergio A. , Maldonado Lucy D. , Duarte Francisco , Hidalgo Alejandro A. , Sáenz Leonardo
Published: December 2024

Immunization against Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) has been successfully explored and developed for the parenteral inoculation of animals, aimed at controlling fertility, reducing male aggressiveness, and preventing boar taint. Although effective, these vaccines may cause adverse reactions at the injection site, including immunosuppression and inflammation, as well as the involvement of laborious and time-consuming procedures. Oral vaccines represent an advancement in antigen delivery technology in the vaccine industry. In this study, a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) mutant lacking the pathogenicity island 2 (S. Typhimurium ΔSPI2) was used as a vehicle and mucosal adjuvant to deliver two genetic constructs in an attempt to develop an oral immunological preparation against gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH). S. Typhimurium ΔSPI2 was transformed to carry two plasmids containing a modified GnRH gene repeated in tandem (GnRXG/Q), one under eukaryotic expression control (pDNA::GnRXG/Q) and another under prokaryotic expression control (pJexpress::GnRXG/Q). A group of three male BALB/c mice were orally immunized and vaccination-boosted 30 days later. The oral administration of S. Typhimurium ΔSPI2 transformed with both plasmids was effective in producing antibodies against GnRXG/Q, leading to a decrease in serum testosterone levels and testicular tissue atrophy, evidenced by a reduction in the transverse tubular diameter of the seminiferous tubules and a decrease in the number of layers of the seminiferous epithelium in the testes of the inoculated mice. These results suggest that S. Typhimurium ΔSPI2 can be used as a safe and simple system to produce an oral formulation against GnRH and that Salmonella-mediated oral antigen delivery is a novel, yet effective, alternative to induce an immune response against GnRH in a murine model, warranting further research in other animal species.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the Live Attenuated Vaccine QazCOVID-Live Against Coronavirus Infection COVID-19: Pre-Clinical Study Results
Authors: Kutumbetov Lespek , Myrzakhmetova Balzhan , Tussipova Aiganym , Zhapparova Gulzhan , Tlenchiyeva Talshyngul , Bissenbayeva Karina , Zhapar Kuanysh , Zhugunissov Kuandyk , Nurabayev Sergazy , Kerimbayev Aslan
Published: December 2024

The research conducted in this preclinical study assesses QazCovid-live, a live attenuated COVID-19 vaccine created in Kazakhstan, by conducting preclinical evaluations of safety, immunogenicity, and allergenicity in various animal models, including mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs. The vaccine, developed by attenuating SARS-CoV-2 via numerous Vero cell passages, had no significant adverse effects in acute and subacute toxicity assessments, even at elevated dosages. Allergenicity testing indicated the absence of both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Immunogenicity evaluations revealed strong virus-neutralizing antibody responses, especially following intranasal and intratracheal delivery. Studies on reversibility and transmission further validated the vaccine’s stability and non-pathogenicity. The data indicate that QazCovid-live is safe, immunogenic, and prepared for clinical trials, presenting a potential strategy for COVID-19 prevention.
Behavioural and Biochemical Responses of Freshwater Bivalve Anodonta marginata Exposed to Dichlorvos
Authors: Alhassan Abdullahi Bala , Aljahdali Mohammed Othman
Published: December 2024

The use of pesticides for the prevention and eradication of a variety of pests has been on the increase, hence the need for investigations on their impact on the environment and non-target organisms. Fractions of the 24 h LC50 of dichlorvos in the form of 12 (LC50), 14 (LC50), 18 (LC50) and 116 (LC50) were determined to achieve varying concentrations for this study, and ten Anodonta marginata were placed in each aquarium for the definitive test, with each treatment concentration set up in triplicates. The setup was monitored daily for four days (96 h) for changes in behavioural and biochemical responses. Behavioural responses such as opening of the shell, extension of the foot, complete shell closure, and activity of enzymes such as AChE and GSH were determined as endpoint biomarkers in A. marginata tissue. An analysis of variance was used to determine significant variations in behavioural responses, survival, GSH and AChE content in bivalves across varying concentrations of dichlorvos. The exposure of A. marginata to varying concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 and 70 mg/L) of dichlorvos for 96 h led to an LC50 value of 4.79 mg/L when compared to exposure concentrations. There was a significant (p < 0.05) variation in biochemical responses and opening of the shell as a behavioural response in A. marginata across varying concentrations of dichlorvos with time, with the highest percentage shell opening and GSH activity recorded at the highest concentration (70 mg/L) of dichlorvos and time (96 h). In contrast, AChE activity and percentage survival of A. marginata were lowest at the highest concentration of dichlorvos, confirming dichlorvos as an AChE inhibitory organophosphate pesticide. There is a need for proper monitoring and management of pesticide contamination in order to protect freshwater ecosystems.
Flood Control Optimization Scheduling of Cascade Reservoirs in the Middle Reaches of the Gan River Based on ECDE Algorithm
Authors: He Zhongzheng , Cao Lei , Xin Xiuyu , Wei Bowen , Wen Tianfu , Wang Chao , Fu Jisi , Xiong Bin
Published: December 2024

When using a differential evolution algorithm to solve the joint flood optimization scheduling problem of cascade reservoirs, a greedy random optimization strategy is prone to premature convergence. Therefore, a new, improved Elite Conservative Differential Evolution Algorithm (ECDE) was proposed in this study. This algorithm divides a population into elite and general populations. The elite population does not undergo differential mutation, whereas the general population uses an adaptive differential mutation strategy based on successful historical information to participate in differential mutation. This elite conservative strategy effectively improves the diversity of the population evolution process and enhances convergence accuracy and stability. In a numerical experiment involving 10 test functions, the proposed ECDE performed the best overall (seven functions had the best stable convergence solution, while the remaining three performed the best), while in the single-objective flood control optimization scheduling problem of cascade reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Gan River, some algorithms could not even stably converge to feasible solutions (taking the 1973 inflow as an example, the peak shaving rate of the ECDE calculation results was 3.4%, 13.72%, and 11.73% higher than those of SHADE, SaDE, and GA, respectively). The proposed ECDE algorithm outperformed the SHADE, SaDE, GA, PSO, and ABC algorithms in terms of both convergence accuracy and stability. Finally, ECDE was used to analyze the multi-objective flood control scheduling problem of cascade reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Gan River, and it was found that the weight setting in multi-objective optimization should follow an upstream priority program or equilibrium programs. Adopting a downstream priority program results in poor upstream flood control performance. The above analysis fully verifies the superiority of the proposed algorithm, which can be used to solve and analyze the joint optimization scheduling problem of cascade reservoirs.
Modeling Complex Interactions Between Acid–Rock Reactions and Fracture Propagation in Heterogeneous Layered Formations
Authors: Zeng Qingdong , Li Taixu , Zhou Tong , Bo Long , Liu Shumin , Li Xuelong , Yao Jun
Published: December 2024

Acid fracturing is essential in enhancing recovery efficiency, especially within carbonate reservoirs. Although extensive studies have been conducted on hydraulic fracturing, understanding the intricate dynamics between acid–rock reactions and fracture propagation in heterogeneous layered reservoirs remains limited. This study employs a comprehensive coupled hydro-mechanical-chemical flow framework to investigate acid fracturing processes in layered geological formations. The model incorporates a two-stage homogenization approach to account for rock heterogeneity, a dual-scale continuum framework for fluid flow and acid transport, and a phase field method for examining fracture propagation. We thoroughly examine how treatment parameters, particularly acid concentration and injection rate, affect fracture propagation modes. The analysis identifies three distinct propagation patterns: crossing, diversion, and arresting. These are influenced by the interplay between pressure buildup and wormhole formation. Initially, higher acid concentration aids in fracture crossing by lowering the peak pressure required for initiation, but excessive concentration results in arresting because it causes extensive wormhole development, which reduces fluid pressure. Similarly, the injection rate plays a crucial role in fracture movement across layer interfaces, with moderate rates optimizing propagation by balancing pressure and wormhole growth. This comprehensive modeling framework serves as a valuable prediction and control tool for acid fracture behavior in complex layered formations.
Engenharia de Hibernação e o Método Bow Tie
Authors: Gomes da Silva Juliano , Frederico de Oliveira Barros Carlos
Published: December 2024

Os riscos à integridade estão presentes em todo ciclo de vida de um ativo, inclusive quando em regime temporário de desativação, chamado de hibernação. Neste estudo, verificou-se que durante a hibernação de um guincho pull in/out, usado para conexão/desconexão de linhas marítimas de petróleo, houve falhas na gestão de riscos à integridade, que levaram a lucro cessante, impacto ambiental e lesão. Assim, objetivou-se estruturar, à luz da metodologia Bow Tie, barreiras à degradação visando melhorar a integridade para operações futuras. Para tal, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa baseada na revisão da literatura, avaliação documental e de campo, dentro da lógica Soft DSR (Soft Design Science Reseach). As técnicas de APR (Análise Preliminar de Riscos), Matriz de Risco e AAF (Árvore de Análise de Falhas) mostraram-se adequadas para organização e análise dos dados, auxiliando a construção do diagrama Bow Tie. O resultado foi uma gestão de riscos à degradação mais robusta, a partir de uma solução consolidada em um diagrama Bow Tie e um plano de ação, estruturados em 15 barreiras preventivas e 14 mitigatórias/recuperação, com reflexos em segurança e prontidão do equipamento.
An Improved Q-Learning Algorithm Integrated into the Aloha Anti-Collision Protocol for Energy-Efficient RFID Systems
Authors: Le Van-Hoa , Nguyen Duc-Nhat-Quang , Vo Viet-Minh-Nhat
Published: December 2024

The collision in Aloha-based Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems is inevitable due to the random medium access nature of the Aloha protocol and the unknown number of tags within the reader’s coverage. Various Aloha anti-collision protocols have been proposed, and reducing collisions has always been the top priority. However, merely reducing collisions can increase the number of idle slots, the number of interrogation epochs, and bandwidth usage. This article proposes an approach to integrating Q-Learning into the Aloha anti-collision protocol, in which Interrogation Efficiency (IE), resulting in Energy Efficiency (EE), is the top priority. Two cases of fixed and dynamic frame sizes are considered. Experimental results show that the Q-Learning-integrated Aloha anti-collision protocols achieve the highest IE, in which the number of collision slots, idle slots, and interrogation epochs are reduced. The dynamic-frame Q-Learning-integrated Aloha anti-collision protocol achieves the best IE thanks to its ability to adjust frame size dynamically
Ayaktan Kemoterapi Alan Kanser Hastalarında Sanal Gerçeklik Gözlüğü Kullanımının Spiritüel İyilik Hali ve Yaşam Tutumu Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Çiftlik Busenur , Kurtgöz Asli
Published: December 2024

Giriş ve Amaç: Kanser tedavisi, bireyler için oldukça zorlu ve stresli bir süreç olabilmektedir. Sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi, bireylerin bu zorlu tedavi sürecinde desteklenmelerine yardımcı bir araç olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışma, ayaktan kemoterapi alan kanser hastalarında sanal gerçeklik gözlüğü kullanımının spiritüel iyilik hali ve yaşam tutumu üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütüldü.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel tasarımda yürütülen bu çalışma, Mayıs 2023-Ocak 2024 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin ayaktan kemoterapi ünitesinde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma kapsamına kanser tanısı olan 42 (21 kontrol; 21 müdahale grubu) birey alındı. Verilerin toplanmasında Bireyi Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Kronik Hastalık Tedavisi Fonksiyonel Değerlendirmesi-Spiritüel İyilik Hali Ölçeği ve Yaşam Tutum Profili Ölçeği kullanıldı. Müdahale grubunda bulunan hastalara ardışık üç kemoterapi kürü esnasında sanal gerçeklik gözlüğü kullanılarak, rahatlatıcı müzik fonu ve içeriğe sahip videolar izletildi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %30,9’u 32-50 yaş grubunda yer alırken, %50’si 51-69 yaş grubunda, %19,1’i ise 70 yaş ve üzeri yaş grubundaydı. Grup arası karşılaştırmalarda müdahale grubunda bulunan hastaların Kronik Hastalık Tedavisi Fonksiyonel Değerlendirmesi-Spiritüel İyilik Hali Ölçeği (p= 0,001; U= 87,00) ve Yaşam Tutum Profili Ölçeği (p< 0,001; U= 38,00) son test puanlarının kontrol grubunda bulunanlara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptandı.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, kemoterapi esnasında sanal gerçeklik gözlüğü kullanımının bireylerin spiritüel iyilik düzeylerinin artırılmasına ve olumlu bir yaşam tutumu geliştirmelerine yardımcı olduğu tespit edildi. Bu doğrultuda kemoterapi esnasında sanal gerçeklik gözlüğünden yararlanılması, kanser hastalarına tedavi sürecinde destek sağlanmasına ve hemşirelik uygulamalarının desteklenmesine yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Kanser, kemoterapi, maneviyat, sanal gerçeklik, tutum
بناء نموذج خسائر الحريق: من واقع الخبرة السعودية
Authors: أباظة أحمد عبدالله قمحاوي
Published: December 2024

إجمالي خسائر الحريق في فترة معينة يمكن نمذجتها باعتبارها عملية تعامل مع الخطر، وفي هذه الدراسة تم اختيار واختبار أفضل التوزيعات الاحتمالية التى يمكنها تمثيل وتقدير تكرار حدوث الحريق، وشدة الوطئة حين الحدوث لخبرة سعودية، ثم استخدام أسلوب المحاكاة للحصول على توزيع الخسارة الإجمالية مع تقدير الخسارة القصوى السنوية المحتملة.