bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing financial performance at an ethical investment fund
Authors: Cowton Christopher J.
Published: May 2004

Ethical investment funds are retail financial products which explicitly add social or ethical goals or constraints to normal financial criteria in selecting their underlying share portfolio. By means of a case study of a UK fund, this paper explores how the relationship between ethical criteria and financial performance might be handled, which is one of the critical issues that arise in putting ethical investment into practice. The research confirms perceptions of a tension between the implementation of an ethical policy and the achievement of good financial performance, and it identifies some of the ways which fund managers might seek to cope with that tension. However, by studying the financial management of an ethical fund in practice, the paper also reveals the ways in which there might be a positive correlation between the financial performance and the ethical effectiveness of a fund, thus providing a complementary perspective to the earlier empirical studies and discussions which have focused on the possibility of ethical concerns undermining financial success.
A construction of auditor independence in the Czech Republic: local insights
Authors: Sucher Pat , Kosmala‐MacLullich Katarzyna
Published: May 2004

A notion of auditor independence, envisaged as crucial to the credibility of the audit function, resides in professional Codes of Ethics in much of the western world. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the auditor independence construct has been imported eastwards and incorporated into legislation and Code of Practices amongst central and eastern European economies (CEE), together with other requirements, as the countries prepare for their accession to the European Union. This study is aimed at ascertaining the meanings conveyed by the auditor independence construct and its state of realisation in one of the transition economies of the CEE region, the Czech Republic. Also, the study seeks to understand how local culture impacts upon a particular understanding of auditor independence. In order to examine the auditor independence in this part of the world, a framework for analysis incorporating structural conditions, local traditions and culture is proposed. The analysis is conducted first de jure, and is based upon a review of the Czech law and professional regulation. This is complemented with a de facto analysis based upon interviews with audit practitioners, regulators and financial statement users in the Czech Republic and on a review of Czech media coverage. What emerges from the study is a particular local understanding of the auditor independence construct, perceived primarily as an economic concept in the context of market instability and the immature legal framework. It appears that there is a tendency to follow the form of audit procedures without substantial rationalisation. We conclude that socio‐economic and cultural pressures appear to far outweigh any formal safeguards implemented to maintain professional integrity and competence in the CEE region.
Negative Political Feedback: An Examination of the Problem
of Modelling Political Responses in Public Sector Effectiveness Auditing
Authors: Smith Peter
Published: May 2004

Draws attention to a serious shortcoming associated with the usual
audit models which use traditional techniques such as regression
analysis. In general, previous studies have concentrated only on the
impact of the resources used by an organization on its performance
indicators, and have ignored the obverse impact of performance
indicators on resource use. Yet, if performance indicators are to be
effective, it is inevitable that, at least in the long run, they will
induce political responses, often in the form of redirected use of
resources. Develops concept of “negative political feedback”
to elucidate this issue, and attempts to incorporate the phenomenon into
the modelling procedure. The results are not encouraging; ends by
questioning whether quantitative effectiveness audit is itself a
worthwhile procedure for promoting effectiveness in public sector
organizations.
M[othering] View on: “Some Feminisms and Their Implications for Accounting Practice”
Authors: Cooper Christine
Published: May 2004

Critiques article by Hammond and Oakes (1992). Emphasizes political
importance of discussion of feminist empiricism for accountancy
practitioners of both sexes.
Financial Reporting Quality Labels
Authors: Lee Tom
Published: May 2004

Analyses a policy‐making issue concerning historically persistent phenomena with the potential, concurrently, to assist the social construction of the audit profession, and create expectation problems capable of accentuating the present audit crisis. The phenomena are the financial reporting quality labels commonly associated with the auditor′s opinion on the content of reported financial statements. Reveals the close historical relationship of accountancy and law in a process of professionalization in which accountants and lawyers vaguely and ambiguously describe financial reporting quality by means of various labels and supporting criteria. The analysis also suggests the strategic benefits and disbenefits of reporting quality labels and criteria to the audit profession within the context of the expectations gap.
Corporate social and environmental reporting
Authors: Gray Rob , Kouhy Reza , Lavers Simon
Published: May 2004

Takes as its departure point the criticism of Guthrie and Parker by
Arnold and the Tinker et al. critique of Gray et al.
Following an extensive review of the corporate social reporting
literature, its major theoretical preoccupations and empirical
conclusions, attempts to re‐examine the theoretical tensions that exist
between “classical” political economy interpretations of
social disclosure and those from more “bourgeois”
perspectives. Argues that political economy, legitimacy theory and
stakeholder theory need not be competitor theories but may, if analysed
appropriately, be seen as alternative and mutually enriching theories
from alternative levels of resolution. Offers evidence from 13 years of
social disclosure by UK companies and attempts to interpret this from
different levels of resolution. There is little doubt that social
disclosure practice has changed dramatically in the period. The
theoretical perspectives prove to offer different, but mutually
enhancing, interpretations of these phenomena.
An historical examination of early “Believers” in the quality management movement: the Shaker example
Authors: Phillips Carson Paula , Lanier Patricia A. , Carson Kerry David
Published: May 2004

Through the application of Hirst’s “forms of knowledge” theory, it is shown that the Shakers’ nineteenth century management principles had many similarities to Deming’s tenets. For example, Shakers were committed to perfection in work, taking their time in pursuit of quality. Training was accomplished through sharing community expertise, apprenticing, and rotating jobs. Also, equality and cooperation were encouraged among the “brothers” and “sisters.” This example of management history research provides a baseline from which management concepts can be understood and potential mistakes avoided.
TQM and Re‐engineering
Authors: Burdett John O.
Published: May 2004

Looks at how some organizations are turning away from total quality
management (TQM) and looking in another direction to solve their
problems. The new concept is “re‐engineering”. It offers breakthrough
solutions for what seem to be intractable problems. Discusses why TQM is
now coming under criticism and presents the case for re‐engineering (a
radical way to rethink the way in which organizations work). Describes
Hammer and Champy’s nine fundamentals to re‐engineering and shows that
many of the concepts/techniques are not new but are appropriate in their
timing. Evaluates the role of TQM versus re‐engineering and concludes
that re‐engineering neither replaces nor is a substitute for TQM; in
fact they both add value and are complementary. Corporate warriors will
need to know how to use both.
The Quality Dimension as a New Element of the Organizational Behaviour
Model
Authors: Anjard Ronald P.
Published: May 2004

Discusses how in today’s dynamic world of paradigms, quality and TQM,
attempts are made to understand organizational behaviour. Discusses the
traditional 2D model of quality versus people and proposes that it is in
fact a multifaceted model. Proposes that a 3D model exists for a static
condition formed by adding the dimension “quality”, which could be
substituted by other multidimensional models to include commitment,
attitude, etc. Concludes that this refined model allows a more complete
and effective understanding of leadership behaviour.
Japan – Myth, Miracle or Menace?
Authors: Duffin Murray
Published: May 2004

Discusses aspects of the Japanese economic miracle, where industry and
business are seen as superior in quality. Argues, briefly, that
Westerners fail to understand Japanese business behaviour because they
do not realize that the Japanese are not constrained by Western
concepts, but are bound by a different culture. Argues for an
intelligent recognition of the economic war between Japanese and Western
companies – and a change of tactics from the Westerners.
The Adoption of Total Quality Management in Scotland
Authors: Witcher Barry
Published: May 2004

Many organizations and companies claim to “have TQM”. Details a
collaboration between Scottish Enterprise, the Scottish Quality Network
and the Centre for Quality and Organization Change at Durham University
Business School to assess the extent to which companies in Scotland
indeed “have TQM”. The survey took place in 1993, covering 1,500
organizations and producing a 43 per cent response rate. Presents the
results of the survey in detail and concludes that a TQM approach is now
the rule rather than the exception for most organizations but that TQM
has not as yet developed to its full potential. Expresses some doubts
about TQM’s external focus and suggests that organizations need to
organize TQM more round the needs of external customers.
Making ISO 9000 Work The Role of Auditing
Authors: Barthelemy Jean Louis , Zairi Mohamed
Published: May 2004

Discusses the evolution of auditing in the context of Total Quality
Management and describes how an organization can develop a culture of
continuous improvement, innovation and advancement based on developing
the culture of auditing. The concept of auditing tends to be
misunderstood and its benefits, as a result, under‐exploited. This is
because in many cases it is strongly perceived by organizations that the
role of auditing is that of “compliance to standards
specifications”. Describes various types of audits which on an
evolutionary basis could lead organizations to exploit various
opportunities and to build a strong capability in their systems and
processes, thus enabling them to compete in the future.
Manchester United – A Model Example of CQI in Action
Authors: Johns Alison
Published: May 2004

Reports on the Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Conference of April
1994. Manchester United is cited as a model for team building and CQI.
The practice of teamwork, with commitment from top management, was a
recurring theme. CQI means keeping fresh, investing new concepts and new
methods of quality systems. It requires total commitment from the entire
organization and putting trust in the workforce.
Developing a TQM Excellence Model
Authors: Ho Samuel K.M. , Fung Christopher K.H.
Published: May 2004

In contemporary management in the 1990s, TQM is a proven approach for
success in manufacturing, services and the public sector. Examines what
is so special about TQM and develops an excellence model based on some
proven approaches adopted by the Japanese. Looks at the current thinking
and development of TQM. Establishes the rationale for developing an
excellence model for TQM and explores the route to TQM. Discusses the
relationships between continuous improvement and TQM. Develops a model,
LETQMEX (Leicester Business School TQM EXcellence Model), for
implementing TQM effectively and efficiently, based on well‐founded
research.
Implementing Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Kathawala Yunus , Motwani Jaideep
Published: May 2004

Offers an integrative perspective of quality function deployment (QFD),
including its benefits and shortcomings. By developing a model that
includes within it the antecedents as well as the components of QFD and
the potential gains accruing to an organization from QFD, clarifies this
competitive tool and helps businesses to realize its importance to
compete successfully in the global marketplace. Describes companies that
have used QFD.
TQM2 – the methodology: an approach to breathing new life
into your TQ effort
Authors: Foster Morris , Smith Stuart , Whittle Susan , Tranfield David
Published: May 2004

Companies which seem to have succeeded in complementing TQ
programmes over time appear to be those which have acquired the
capability to change direction frequently. Argues that the choice
managers make about which direction they take depends on the particular
mindset they use. Describes research which highlighted four different
quality mindsets. Most TQ approaches can be placed in one of these.
Concludes that those senior managers of companies who were seen as
leaders in quality appear to have frequently reformed the way they
think. This results in changes of direction in their approach to
quality.
In the line of deregulatory fire
Authors: Laree Jacques March
Published: May 2004

Reports on the address given by US Vice‐President Al Gore to public sector quality practitioners at the 1995 National Conference on Federal Quality held in Washington, DC, USA. Compares this occasion with a conference held 23 years ago for engineers in the US private sector. Contrasts and compares the messages and emotions from each conference.
Quality systems guidelines for research
Authors: Roberts George W.
Published: May 2004

Highlights the increasing pressure research managers are feeling to improve quality and reduce costs of R&D and points out that some funding agencies are looking for quality standards to impose on laboratories to help guarantee data quality. Details the difficulties the US national laboratories have already experienced in dealing with nuclear quality standards, and the immense popularity of the ISO 9000 series of international standards, which threatens to inflict similar Angst on industrial laboratories. Describes how, consequently, the American National Standards Institute has chartered a writing group to prepare guidelines for quality systems for research.
Fifty years of quality: an anniversary retrospective
Authors: Laree Jacques March
Published: May 2004

Examines the past and future of total quality management through observations contributed by senior leaders of the USA quality movement on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the American Society for Quality Control, the 40th anniversary of the European Organization for Quality and the 30th anniversary of the International Academy for Quality.
Streamlining TQM
Authors: Cassidy Michael P.
Published: May 2004

Notes that many companies have abandoned total quality management (TQM) implementation efforts and that a few have even dismantled TQM after winning major quality awards. Points out that this is generally blamed on changes in top management, financial pressures or the bureaucracy of TQM. Focuses on Lucent Technologies’ Power Systems business, which has avoided these problems by dramatically streamlining its award winning TQM system and making it the key management tool for meeting its next major business challenge. Describes the process used to evaluate the existing TQM system and to create the streamlined approach, the new streamlined TQM system, and the results obtained to date.
Quality in education: creating a learning society: the Pen y Dre experience
Authors: Thornett Trevor , Viggiani Rosemary
Published: May 2004

Comments that Pen y Dre is a school in a socially deprived area of South Wales and that through their strategy of “Raising Achievement” they have succeeded in doubling their examination results and raising the self‐esteem of the school and local area over the past two years. Notes that the winning of the Wales Quality Award for Education in November 1995 was another important milestone for the school in its drive for continuous improvement, seamlessly building quality into every aspect of the school. Highlights some of the methods that the school has employed to implement its commitment to Raising Achievement. Points out that from this assessment, it will become apparent that many of the methods employed in industry are equally applicable to the educational environment ‐ indeed, many of the processes evident in the school are developed well beyond many currently employed as good business practice in other sectors. Notes that the process of assessment for the Wales Quality Award drew out a number of valuable lessons for both the school and the members of the assessment team. Discusses these points which are applicable beyond the confines of the school gates and should interest many in the educational, business and industrial sectors.
Communicating change
Authors: Miyashiro Marc
Published: May 2004

Highlights the fact that communication plays a fundamental role in achieving continuous improvement in an organization. Uses two case studies, Lockheed Martin and Sun Microsystems, to illustrate the importance of information content and communication technology to provide the feedback needed to close the loop in the continuous improvement process.
QA in the network organization
Authors: Peters John
Published: May 2004

Ponders the nature of the exchange of labour (effort and time) for payment in networking organizations, and considers the contrasts that emerge when networking relationships are compared with those traditional power structures. Poses questions about quality assurance to which networking appears to give rise.
Automated Fabric Inspection
Authors: Convery S. , Lunney T. , Hashim A. , McGinnity M.
Published: May 2004

Presents an overview of automated fabric flaw detection immediately after the knitting process. Considers the classification of fabric flaws and how image processing techniques can be applied to their classification, via an introductory example. Outlines problems associated with automating this inspection process and discusses possible flaw sensing systems and techniques.
A Study of Thread Tensions on a Lockstitch Sewing Machine (Part II)
Authors: Ferreira F.B.N. , Harlock S.C. , Grosberg P.
Published: May 2004

A study of thread tensions on a lockstitch sewing machine was made, measuring simultaneously both the needle and bobbin thread tensions. Investigates the relationship between the peak tensions generated during the experiments and the corresponding seam balance. It was found that under the conditions of the experiments it is possible to define an envelope of conditions under which balanced seams will be obtained.
A Study of Thread Tensions on a Lockstitch Sewing Machine (Part III): Further Stitch Formation Analysis
Authors: Ferreira F.B.N. , Harlock S.C. , Grosberg P.
Published: May 2004

The purpose of this investigation was to try to develop a theoretical model to satisfy and explain the interaction between the needle and bobbin threads, the tensions developed and their influence on seam balance. An explanation of the conditions determining seam balance is proposed based on a “robbing back” theory of stitch formation.
Automated Apparel Processing: Computer Simulation of Fabric Deformation for the Design of Equipment
Authors: McWaters S.D. , Clapp T.G. , Eischen J.W.
Published: May 2004

Introduces and evaluates a finite‐element computer model which predicts the bending behaviour of fabric in contact with a surface, in order to optimize the design of equipment used for automated processing of apparel. Describes how simulations were executed for all combinations of eight fabrics and three contact surfaces, and presents the experimental results obtained for similar conditions and fabrics. Proves the validity of the computer model by comparing the experimental results with those obtained by simulation. Describes how the computer model could be used to choose the optimum diameter of a fabric feeder picking roller.
Communications: an analysis of the apparel pattern‐making process
Authors: Koh Thong‐Hwee , Lee Eng‐Wah , Lee Yong‐Tsui
Published: May 2004

Apparel pattern making is an age‐old occupation which is full of heuristics and unwritten rules. These rules have yet to be comprehensively studied for possible incorporation into apparel CAD systems. At present, most of these systems have drafting subsystems that address only a portion of this process. Explores pattern making in detail. Seeks to identify the motivations behind all its procedures and operations. A knowledge of such motivations provides a better understanding of the whole process. This knowledge can subsequently be used to design better computer‐aided pattern‐making systems.
Modelling the dynamic drape of fabrics on synthetic humans: a physical, lumped‐parameter model
Authors: Stylios G. , Wan T.R. , Powell N.J.
Published: May 2004

True 3‐D garment design (CAD) systems are fundamental for the next generation of intelligent textile and garment manufacture and retailing. Reports a new approach for modelling fabric. The fabric model is developed based on a physical analogue to a deep shell system for describing and predicting the real 3‐D shape of clothes. The fabric motion is determined by deformation energy, gravity and external constraints, such as collision forces, using the deformable node bar concept. The advantages of this model are that engineering parameters can be used as model parameters directly and that the model is configured based on the surface co‐ordinate system, which is believed to be important as the basis of a powerful fashion CAD system. The model successfully simulated fabric drape and has been implemented on a synthetic female model.
Thinking sewing machines for intelligent garment manufacture
Authors: Stylios G. , Sotomi J.O.
Published: May 2004

Quantitative fabric‐needle‐sewing machine interactions at different speeds have been used to construct qualitative rules mapping fabric properties to optimum sewing machine settings for the next generation of “intelligent sewing machines”, using model free estimation. The inference procedures of fuzzy logic have been implemented in a neural network to allow for optimization of output membership functions and subsequently, self‐learning. The technique is successfully applied to industrial lockstitch and overlock sewing machines. Optimum settings were achieved under static and dynamic machine conditions from the properties of difficult fabrics and compensation for mishandling by the operator over the speed range of the sewing machine.
Modelling fabric deformation as a nonlinear dynamical system using Bäcklund Transformations
Authors: Postle Jacqueline R. , Postle Ron
Published: May 2004

Aims to analyse unique deformation properties of textile materials in terms of basic mechanical properties. Models fabric deformation as a nonlinear dynamical system so that a fabric can be completely specified in terms of its mechanical behaviour under general boundary conditions. Fabric deformation is dynamically analogous to waves travelling in a fluid. A localized two‐dimensional deformation evolves through the fabric to form a three‐dimensional drape or fold configuration. The nonlinear differential equations arising in the analysis of fabric deformation belong to the Klein‐Gordon family of equations which becomes the sine‐Gordon equation in three dimensions. The sine‐Gordon equation has its origins in the study of Bäcklund Transformations in differential geometry. Describes fabric deformation as a series of transformations of surfaces, defined in terms of curvature parameters using Gaussian representation of surfaces. By considering a deformed fabric as a two‐dimensional surface, algebraically constructs analytical solutions of fabric deformation by solving the sine‐Gordon Equation. The theory of Bäcklund Transformations is used to transform a trivial solution into a series of solitary wave solutions. These analytical expressions describing the curvature parameters of a surface represent actual solutions of fabric dynamical systems.
Towards simulating cloth dynamics using interacting particles
Authors: House Donald H. , DeVaul Richard W. , Breen David E.
Published: May 2004

Reviews a new approach being developed for modelling the dynamic behaviour of cloth. This work extends the cloth‐particle static draping model of Breen and House to include dynamics, and extends constrained dynamics simulation techniques developed by Witkin, Gleicher and Welch to yield performance enhancements. Fundamental to this approach is a new hierarchical approximation algorithm for constrained dynamics simulation which, it is hoped, will reduce the computational time demands of the algorithm to near real‐time range.
The organizational climate of middle schools
Authors: Hoy Wayne K. , Hoffman James , Sabo Dennis , Bliss James
Published: May 2004

Middle schools are becoming increasingly more pervasive ‐ all but replacing traditional junior high schools. Because they are neither elementary nor high schools, the organizational climates of middle schools are unlikely to be adequately tapped by standard measures designed for other structures. Conceptualizes and develops a measure of the organizational climate of middle schools, generates a typology of school climates based on openness, and tests the relationship between climate and authenticity in teacher and principal behaviour. Finds that openness in the school climate is directly related to authenticity in both.
The purchasing behaviour of Shanghai buyers of processed food and beverage products: implications for research on retail management
Authors: Nicholas Samuel S. , Li Elton , McDonald Heath
Published: May 2004

Examines empirically the purchasing behaviour of Shanghai buyers of processed food and beverage products. An average of only 3.66 product items are purchased on each shopping occasion. Explains the value or weight of purchases by various geographic, demographic and behavioural factors, specifically: the distance travelled to the shop (closely related to the frequency of shopping), the gender of shopper, whether the shopping was undertaken on the main shopping day of the week, and income (by far the dominant explanator). However, because of the limited quantities purchased on each shopping occasion, and the low numerical variation in purchases, the question for future research is whether some combination of low value attached to shopping time, logistical limitations, and storage constraints operate to limit the purchases of shoppers. Such research findings would support a decentralized retail strategy for sales maximization.
Viewpoint: E‐commerce strengthens suppliers’ position
Authors: Loughlin Peter
Published: May 2004

Discusses the relationship between supermarkets and their suppliers and whether electronic commerce will alter this relationship. The use of the Internet allows supermarkets to communicate electronically with suppliers regarding matters of stock availability, ordering and delivery without the associated costs of Electronic Data Interchange. The advantages for the supermarket are that it can deal with a larger network of suppliers, including smaller ones, and handing stock control over to the suppliers. The suppliers will be able to use online stock control and will be more involved with the management of their supply chain and price files. Concludes that, if approached correctly, new technology can assist the collaboration between supplier and supermarket.
Parallel multilevel solution of Rayleigh‐Benard‐Marangoni problems
Authors: Davis M.B. , Carey G.F.
Published: May 2004

The Rayleigh‐Benard‐Marangoni problem for natural convection in a rectangular cavity with thermocapillary forces on a free surface is investigated using a stream function‐vorticity formulation. The nonlinear system is iteratively decoupled and high‐degree p finite elements are used for the discretization of the physical domain. The linear systems arising from the discretization at each iteration are solved using a spectral multilevel scheme, which is a natural preconditioner for high‐p (spectral) elements. The spectral multilevel solver lends itself to parallelization in an element‐by‐element (EBE) framework. Simulation results are presented and compared to previously published results. The multilevel efficiency is compared to previous results for the driven cavity problem. Parallel performance studies are presented for the Cray T3E distributed memory architecture.
Heat removal of in‐tube viscous flows to air with the assistance of arrays of plate fins
Part I: theoretical aspects involving 3‐D, 2‐D and 1‐D models
Authors: Campo Antonio
Published: May 2004

A detailed comparative study of the heat transfer augmentation of in‐tube flows accounting for an array of equally‐spaced plate fins attached at the outer surface is undertaken. The aim of the paper is to critically examine the thermal response of this kind of finned tubes to three different mathematical models: a complete 3‐D distributed model, a reduced 2‐D distributed/lumped hybrid model and two largely simplified 1‐D lumped models. For the three models tested, the computed results consistently demonstrate that the simplest 1‐D lumped model, with embedded arithmetic spatial‐ and geometric spatial‐means of the angular external convective coefficients provide dependable algebraic estimates of the actual heat transfer provided by the 3‐D distributed model with its indispensable finite‐difference solution. Further, an arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum heat transfer supplied by the 1‐D lumped model delivered results that match those computed with the 3‐D distributed model. The most important steps of the mathematical derivations have been highlighted. A representative group of thermal performance diagrams is explained with the intent to assist engineers engaged in the thermal design of externally finned tubes of compact heat exchangers and HVAC devices.
Women on Corporate Boards of Directors
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: May 2004

Highlights the historical set‐up of Canadian boards of directors, why
and how women were first appointed to corporate boards. Examines factors
related to women serving on corporate boards, detailing advantages and
barriers to the appointments. Reports on a survey of Canadian Chief
Executive Officers (CEOs) which considers factors related to the
appointment of women to corporate boards. Results indicated the CEOs′
opinions on, for example, how important a variety of qualifications is
to the appointment of female directors; the women with difficulties in
finding women with these qualifications; preferred candidate profiles;
issues which would benefit from a female perspective; effects of women
on boards and companies; and the question of why there are not more
women directors. Finally, with the survey as a background, looks at why
there are so few women on the boards of directors of Canadian private
sector organizations; and the future prospects of women as board
members.
The impact of work‐family policies on women’s career development: boon or bust?
Authors: Schwartz Debra B.
Published: May 2004

Drawing on existing literature and ongoing research in large corporations, examines the impact of employer work‐family policies on the career development of women. A summary of evaluation research of work‐family policies and programmes, focusing on work‐related outcomes, reveals that relatively few studies have been conducted. Further, the primary focus of existing research has been to examine such outcomes as recruitment, turnover, absenteeism, morale and job satisfaction; few studies have examined the impact of use of family‐friendly policies on career advancement. Existing data indicate there is widespread belief that use of certain work‐family policies, particularly non‐traditional work arrangements, is detrimental to career advancement. Summarizes findings regarding the validity of this belief and deems them inconclusive. Discusses the influence of supervisors and corporate culture on the work‐family interface, and presents recommendations for further research.
Professional women in agriculture ‐ do they have a future?
Authors: Duffield Beatrice
Published: May 2004

Summarizes the findings of a predominantly qualitative research enquiry into the perceptions that professional women who work in agricultural and rural science in field‐based situations have of their jobs and career opportunities in the Department of Primary Industries, Australia. Highlights issues relating to female traits not being valued by the organization for progression to management positions, family commitments conflicting with work commitments and sexual harassment by clients and colleagues. Suggests how the organization could improve workplace practices to retain and encourage professional women working in these roles.
The work/family interface at Royal Bank Financial Group: successful solutions – a retrospective look at lessons learned
Authors: Tombari Norma , Spinks Nora
Published: May 2004

This retrospective analysis of the development of work‐family‐life and flexibility initiatives at Royal Bank Financial Group (RBFG) examines the factors that lead to success. Using internal and external research, quantitative and qualitative measures and benchmarking, RBFG has continued to build upon its original business case, dispelled myths and obtained buy‐in from stakeholders. Employees and managers have consistently reported positive results from work‐family‐life initiatives such as dependent care programs, flexible work arrangements and manager tools, training and supports. A chronological profile of the initiatives and highlights from several studies, including RBFG’s two Impact Assessments on Flexible Work Arrangements, are presented within a historical context.
Globalization and information technology: vanishing social contracts, the “pink collar” workforce and public policy challenges
Authors: Kouzmin Alexander , Korac‐Kakabadse Nada , Korac‐Kakabadse Andrew
Published: May 2004

This paper critically examines the influence of information technology (IT) on women’s career structures. Globalization is forcing an increasing inter‐dependence of radically re‐engineered labour forces and the further “internal” exploitation of the internationalization of the dual labour market many women have endured. The global trend is towards further fragmenting a shrinking, gender‐based set of career opportunities and creating an increasingly marginalized, part‐time, “pink collar” labour force, associated with the putative revolution of the tertiary sector transforming out of industrial, manufacturing economies. The implications of the emergence of a “pink collar” labour force largely go unexamined. The much heralded argument that IT will transform “coercive” organizational structures and work practices needs, yet again, to be critically examined in the context of the further destruction of professional opportunities for women in radically re‐engineered public sectors, aggressively “micro‐economized” labour forces and rapidly dissipating organizational and social contracts.
Taking Quality to Japan
Authors: Broadbent Peter
Published: May 2004

Japan has become a signatory to the whole concept of worldwide standards
at ISO 9000 level but it appears that the complexities of the standard
and its application have not always translated well into Japanese.
Describes how a UK‐based international TQM consultancy has worked in
Japan, surmounting the language barrier and accommodating to Japanese
styles of negotiation and management, to present a series of intensive
courses to representatives of electrical appliance manufacturers and the
national certification body‐the Japanese Electrical Test Laboratory.
Concludes that, having committed themselves to ISO 9000 certification,
the Japanese are certain to achieve it.
Achieving a Competitive Advantage through Quality Training
Authors: Motwani Jaideep G. , Frahm Mary L. , Kathawala Yunus
Published: May 2004

Quality is another name for customer satisfaction and the USA cannot
afford to ignore its importance. Education and training are essential to
the productivity and competitive advantage of the entire country.
Emphasizes the importance of quality training and suggests the keys to
implementing a quality training programme. Covers why quality training
is necessary and the skills that employees need to succeed in their
problem‐solving and process improvement activities. Discusses the key
requirements of a quality training programme along with Cocheu’s models
of improvement strategy and training phases. Finally includes a brief
case study of Prince Corporation and some highlights of their quality
programme. It all boils down to the simple truth that we cannot have a
world‐class economy without a world‐class workforce.
Quality Training:
Authors: Motwani Jaideep G. , Frahm Mary L. , Kathawala Yunus
Published: May 2004

Argues that organizations are in the midst of a competitive revolution
and quality improvement is an important factor in the quest to remain
competitive. Companies are realizing they need to initiate a quality
improvement programme and that training is a critical variable in the
success of that programme. Improvement involves change, and training
prepares employees for the change by providing the skills needed to work
as a team member, communicate effectively, and identify and solve
problems. A quality training programme requires certain elements for it
to be successful: a change in the company’s culture; support of top
management; a strategy to guide the company; communicating to employees
the reason for quality improvement and how the change will affect them;
providing the proper training and providing it at the proper time; and
evaluating the training process.
TQM – what isn’t it?
Authors: Choppin Jon
Published: May 2004

Focuses on the principles of total quality management. Studies the
common features of non‐TQM organizations, before presenting the
principles. Ends with a method of cascading knowledge and experience
throughout the organization.
Regional review of TQM in Hong Kong and southern China
Authors: Lo V.H.Y. , Sculli D.
Published: May 2004

Reports the results of an attempt to ascertain the status of total
quality management (TQM) in Hong Kong and southern China. Begins with a
general introduction to manufacturing in the region. Information on the
general awareness and status of TQM was collected using a combination of
interviews, case studies, and a survey. Results indicate that TQM is now
a widely accepted approach in the region, its benefits mainly seen in
terms of improved customer/supplier relationships. However, there is a
perception that TQM must necessarily lead to an increase in costs‐the
penalty to be paid for its benefits.
ISO 9000 – what it means to international business today
Authors: Masternak Ted , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2004

Based on the idea that promoting standardization will encourage the
international exchange of goods and services, ISO 9000 is a series of
internationally accepted standards which companies use to develop
quality management systems and quality improvement processes. It has
fast become a customer‐driven prerequisite for supplying goods and
services to many businesses in the European Community (EC). Obtaining
ISO 9000 certification is not a trivial process. It requires a
significant investment in money and time, as well as management’s
commitment. Even with the proper resources, US companies are having some
difficulties in obtaining certification due to the abundance of
ill‐qualified ISO registrars and consultants. But when a company does
obtain its certification, it is another cleared hurdle in the race to
win new business in the ever expanding arena of international business.
New developments in training teams effectively
Authors: Switzer Mark , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2004

Highlights some of the new techniques being implemented across the USA in the area of team training. Some are revolutionary but some are just fine tuning on already successful methods. Gives suggestions for trainers on how to deal with resistant, reluctant or resentful trainees. Reviews the methods used at one firm to train its trainers, and at another where a company‐wide policy was adopted to create a new value‐added training system. Concludes that some of the most effective training techniques are not new ‐ merely the application of old‐fashioned common sense to training problems.
An application of TQM concepts in education
Authors: Lo V.H.Y. , Sculli D.
Published: May 2004

Discusses an application of total quality management (TQM) concepts in education. Applies the concepts to a quality management programme for industrial and engineering managers. Covers both the aspects of syllabus design and the operation and monitoring of the programme with this application. The application is based on the ISO 9000 quality assurance management system. Proposes that the concepts and ideas presented will help educators ensure that the objectives of the programmes will actually be pursued.
Internal quality audits ‐ obstacles or opportunities?
Authors: Dennis Beecroft G.
Published: May 2004

Suggests that auditing has been viewed by its recipients throughout history as a negative process. This perception results from how the audit is conducted, who conducts the audit, and the findings of the audit. Proposes to outline the role of internal auditing in transforming an organization into a more preventive and proactive organization. Addresses auditing from a prevention focus and puts forward a positive approach to auditing that maximizes its role in process improvement. Concludes with a summary of several key points to be addressed in generating this transformation,
“I shall teach...the theory of a system, and cooperation”
Authors: Neave Henry R.
Published: May 2004

Contends that Deming’s philosophy for management is imperfectly understood. Unlike just a few years ago, very many people have now heard of W. Edwards Deming, and know something of his philosophy for management. But “something” is, in most cases, far too little. His work is sometimes dismissed as “just statistics” or even as no more than statistical process control. Another common false impression is that his philosophy is “summarized by the 14 Points”. And one of the few things to continue to irritate him until his death in December 1993 was any attempt to connect him with “TQM”! Agrees that all such diminutions trivialize his legacy to us. His work was not only much larger than any of these imply: it was genuinely of a higher dimension. He said of the two books by his great mentor, Walter Shewhart, that a “century will pass before people in industry and in science begin to appreciate the contents of these great works”. The ominous truth is that the same could well be true of Deming’s own two great books on management. Fears that we cannot afford to wait that long.
People management: where is the evidence of best practice? Part III
Authors: Hamzah A. , Zairi M.
Published: May 2004

Presents the final paper in a series of three, looking at best practice in people management. Papers I and II discussed best practice through direct primary examination and the scrutiny of secondary data sources, respectively. The examinations represented a group of organizations well experienced with the implementation of total quality management and, in the case of part II, the five organizations studied were all winners of prestigious quality awards. Presents critical areas for effective people management, in many instances supported by the findings of other studies. Also presents evidence of best practice as highlighted by this study and discussed in the earlier papers.
Auditing: a slapped wrist or a helping hand?
Authors: Wharton Claire L.
Published: May 2004

Nortel Fixed Wireless Access identified a need to move from a very functional‐based management system to that of a process‐based system. This need was identified by the audit group and also via feedback from the employees assessed during functional audits. The functional audits up to that point had been perceived as not giving full value to the business. The feedback received highlighted the fact that people performing individual functional tasks knew what was wrong in the process and did not need auditors to tell them this. So it was felt that a completely new process‐based audit was needed. Describes how, as a result, the audit methodology was completely redesigned, with a new focus on process improvement. Outlines some significant improvements in the auditing process which have been achieved using the new audit methodology. Generalizes the experience so as to make it available to similar settings.
ISO 9000 perspective for the construction industry in the UK
Authors: Giles Roy
Published: May 2004

Reviews the process of ISO 9000 registration for the construction industry, with insight from the author’s rich experience in helping construction firms to register for this international standard. Addresses the questions: the first‐meeting, the courting process, the relationship and a life‐time together. Concludes that the paper challenges the fundamentals of the need for ISO 9000 for the UK construction industry.
Lessons from the desert
Authors: Roth George
Published: May 2004

Reflection upon a field study of a corporate transformation provides insights into the application and integration of organizational learning theory and frameworks with local, corporate knowledge. In the corporate transformation studied this local knowledge came from consumer psychology, marketing campaigns and the use of media. When these ideas were applied and integrated with transformation efforts they provided scale and continuity to organizational learning efforts. The improved performance and success resulting from this corporate transformation provides lessons for all learning and improvement initiatives. Utilizing learning approaches that are modified and complemented by local knowledge improves the application of these concepts in the immediate setting and creates innovations that serve as examples for what can be applied elsewhere.
Virtual learning effectiveness
Authors: Stonebraker Peter W. , Hazeltine James E.
Published: May 2004

This study defines, examines, and measures the effectiveness of a corporate virtual learning program. Initially, distinctions between traditional and virtual learning and university and corporate programs are defined. Then, based on the literature, an integrative model of the perceived effectiveness of a virtual learning environment is developed and examined. The demographics, perceptions, and success of participants in a practitioner certification instruction program sponsored by a Fortune 50 firm are found to be related to persistence and success in the program, as well as to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. Conclusions and recommendations for further study are offered.