bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Рост и солеустойчивость волосовидных корней табака с конститутивной экспрессией гена TaNAC69
Authors: Ибрагимова Зарина Азадовна , Галимова Айзиля Айтугановна , Мусин Халит Галеевич , Ямалеева Анна Александровна , Заикина Евгения Александровна , Кулуев Булат Разяпович
Published: November 2024

Пшеница мягкая (Triticum aestivum L.) – одна из самых важных зерновых и основных продовольственных культур во всем мире, выращиваемая довольно часто в засушливых регионах мира, где нехватка воды и засоление вызывают серьезные потери урожая. Ген TaNAC69 мягкой пшеницы кодирует один из важнейших транскрипционных факторов, который участвует в регуляции устойчивости к дефициту влаги, вызванной засухой и гипотермией, однако роль этого гена при засолении малоизучена. Целью данной работы было клонирование гена TaNAC69 мягкой пшеницы в бинарном векторе с 35S CaMV промотором и создание волосовидных корней (ВК) Nicotiana tabacum L. с конститутивной экспрессией гена TaNAC69 для оценки эффективности целевой генно-инженерной конструкции в условиях засоления. В ходе агробактериальной трансформации листовых дисков табака при помощи Agrobacterium rhizogenes были получены 15 линий культур ВК, в шести из которых было доказано наличие и высокий уровень экспрессии целевого гена. ВК табака с конститутивной экспрессией гена TaNAC69 характеризовались более быстрыми темпами роста, большей разветвленностью и большей сырой и сухой массой при действии 150 мМ NaCl, чем контрольные ВК табака без целевого гена. Анализ антиоксидантной системы выявил повышенную активность ферментов гваяколпероксидазы и глутатион-S-трансферазы, большее содержание пролина и водорастворимых сахаров, а также более высокую общую антиоксидантную способность в ВК с геном TaNAC69 по сравнению с нетрансформированным контролем. Генно-инженерная конструкция TaNAC69 с 35S CaMV промотором может быть рекомендована для генетической трансформации культурных растений с целью увеличения их устойчивости к абиотическому стрессу.
Research on ultrasonic synchronous detection method for material residual stress and thickness
Authors: Zhao Wentong , Zhou Bing , Bai Wenrui , Wang Zhanyong
Published: November 2024

Being limited to the different transmission and reception modes and detection signals of the critical refracted longitudinal wave method for stress measurement and the perpendicular incident echo method for thickness measurement, it is necessary to use different probes and equipments when simultaneously measuring stress and thickness. For this difficulty, the acquisition frequency and the number of bits are taken as the research object to realize the optimization of the echo signal. By combining FEM simulations with Comsol software with experimental research, the effects of probe incidence angle, probe spacing, and temperature on ultrasonic waves are investigated, and the relationship between probe spacing and the stress coefficient of measured component (K) is analyzed. A novel ultrasonic synchronous detection method for residual stress and thickness is proposed. This method is based on an integrated transmit-receive probe with oblique incidence, utilizing critical refracted longitudinal wave (LCR wave) for stress detection and synchronously generated transverse waves for thickness measurement. For the first time, a formula for ultrasonic thickness measurement based on inclined incidence is derived. Using self-developed equipment, ultrasonic testing experiments on step test block and cantilever beam loading device were conducted to verify the accuracy and precision of the proposed synchronous detection method for stress and thickness. This method has significant application prospects in the inspection or online monitoring of pressure vessels concerned with fatigue and corrosion performance.
Historians in Russia: the structure of a professional community
Authors: Sokolov M. M.
Published: November 2024

The author presents the results of a study of the structure of the professional community ofRussian historians conducted jointly by theScientificElectronicLibrary eLibrary and theCenter forInstitutionalAnalysis ofScience andEducation of theEuropeanUniversity inSt.Petersburg.In the course of its implementation, unique data on the social and intellectual landscape ofRussian history, political science, sociology, economics and jurisprudence were collected, worthy of introduction into the academic circuit.Data were collected through a survey of researchers who publish the results of their studies (N-4009, whereNis the number of cases), the survey was conducted inNovember 2022.In this article, the social structure of theRussian historical discipline appears in several senses.On the one hand, its aim is the simplest statistical description of theRussian historical community, namely sociodemographic structure, distribution by thematic areas, etc.On the other hand, the author explores correlations between all these elements, namely how different characteristics of individuals relate to each other.Historians are divided by specialisation in countries and periods (primarily by the division into those researchingRussian andWorldHistory), as well as by modernist vs postmodernist views on the nature of historical knowledge.Postmodernist views are more widely represented among historians in academic centres (capital cities, leading universities); the opposite is true for the academic periphery.Support for modernism is also declining among younger generations.
Zero coupon yield curve dynamics in the Russian sovereign bond market
Authors: Kurochkin S. V. , Makushkin M. S.
Published: November 2024

Yield curve is a graphical representation of a relationship between interest rates and maturity. Shape of yield curve often attracts attention of analysts, because it represents market implied expectation of future interest rate path. However, the analysis of the yield curve shape often lacks theoretical foundation. It is based either on review of term spreads or on a simple visual investigation. In this article we formally define the shape of the yield curve in terms of function invariants. We use Nelson–Siegel model as a backbone for our classification and show that there exists only six possible shapes of yield curve. They are: a normal upward slopping yield curve, inverted yield curve, humped upward slopping, dipped upward slopping, humped inverted and dipped inverted. We analyze dynamics of zero coupon yield curve in Russian market based on real historical data. We show that transition from an upward slopping curve to an inverted one was always preceded by a hump at mid-tem maturities, while the transition back was always done through the dip. This highlights the importance of mid-term rates in reshapening the curve. We explain this behavior by short end of the curve being linked to the key rate and thus being more sticky. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, it provides a formal framework to analyze the shape of the yield curve. Second, it describes the patterns in dynamic of the ruble yield curve that can be useful for bond investors in the Russian market.
Predicting the probability of failure in medicinesʼ public procurement
Authors: Denisova A. I. , Sozaeva D. A. , Gonchar K. V. , Aleksandrov G. A.
Published: November 2024

The quality and timeliness of medicinesʼ supply to the healthcare system through public procurement is an urgent task of public policy in all countries of the world, including Russia. Failure to close (failure of tenders, termination of already concluded contracts) procurement procedures in such a socially significant area carries risks for the population, provokes the emergence of hidden transaction costs for the budget system to eliminate the consequences of procurement failures. In their previous works, the authors identified the factors that lead to the failure to close tenders for the purchase of remedies, and initially assessed the consequences of their influence on procurement procedures. The purpose of this article is to present a mathematical model of the probability of non-closure tenders based on the obtained results. To achieve this goal, through processing more than 1 million notifications of public procurement of remedies for 2022–2023, collected from the open sources, the tasks with no methodological solutions were completed. Thus, a set of features accompanying the failure to close procedures for the purchase of remedies was compiled. The composition of identified features was analyzed; their influence on non-closure of the procedure was assessed. A model of the probability of non-closure of the procedure was constructed, and the results were interpreted. Unlike previously published studies, the forecast model was implemented on the ensembles of decision trees using gradient boosting. This made possible to significantly improve the quality of the forecast for each factor affecting the probability of non-closure of the bidding. The results obtained in the article are not only scientifically novel, but can also be used by regulatory and control bodies in public procurement to develop methodological recommendations for customers on establishing optimal conditions for concluding and fulfilling contracts, which will reduce procurement risks and damage to the state budget.
Australia in U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy at the Present Stage
Authors: Kochegurov Dmitry A.
Published: November 2024

The article analyses the political-military relations between the United States and Australia at the present stage. The key doctrinal documents are reviewed, which make it clear that, in order to strengthen the strategic positions of both countries, modernization of the bilateral alliance is required. The results of cooperation in foreign and defense policy are examined, indicating the evolution of U.S.–Australian relations. Particular attention is paid to AUKUS – the flagship initiative of the Indo-Pacific policy of the Biden administration. The author concludes that Australia now holds a central role in the system of integrated deterrence against China and in the overall security architecture of the Indo-Pacific region.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДИВЕРСИФІКАЦІЇ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКИХ СТРУКТУР ЗА УМОВ НЕВИЗНАЧЕННОСТІ
Authors: ЛЮБОХИНЕЦЬ Лариса , ДЬЯЧОК Ігор , ДИРКАЧ Ангеліна
Published: November 2024

Диверсифікація охоплює широкий спектр аспектів, від характеристик диверсифікації виробництва до оцінки факторів, які впливають на рішення щодо її впровадження. Це поняття є невід'ємною частиною організаційно-економічного механізму функціонування підприємницьких структур і включає в себе класифікацію типів диверсифікації та аналіз джерел їх фінансування. В статті розглянуто етапи проведення диверсифікації, основні напрями диверсифікації в сучасних умовах та охарактеризовано диверсифікаційні методи.
A Literature Review of Burnout in the Post Pandemic Era Among Teachers (2020 -2023)
Authors: Zbanca A.D. , Nut A.R. , Boncut M. , Matei L. , Grosu V.T.
Published: November 2024

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the educational landscape has undergone profound shifts, posing unprecedented challenges for educators. This review delves into post-epidemic teacher burnout between 2020 and 2023. Through comprehensive analysis of varied research sources, it identifies key factors contributing to burnout and tracks its evolution over time. Our findings underscore a heightened workload and stress amongst educators and emphasize the imperative of targeted interventions and strategies for fostering resilience in education post-pandemic tailored to address burnout.
Evidence Provided by the Literature on the Use of Crossfit Elements in Sport
Authors: Stanciu C. , Ene-Voiculescu V.
Published: November 2024

In recent years, scientific literature has increasingly examined the use of CrossFit in various sports. This paper aims to analyze this literature through bibliometric methods. Searches in the Scopus database from 2000 to January 30, 2024, yielded 567 relevant results. The analysis identified publication dates, prominent authors, affiliations, and key publications, aligning findings with UN goals. Around 75% of articles were published in the last 5 years, indicating rising interest. Results were categorized into sports branches, performance measurement, injuries, nutrition, motivation, and benefits.
The Impact of Modern Technologies on the Balance of Basketball Players with Ages between 13-14
Authors: Steff N. , Cengiz S.S. , Badau D.
Published: November 2024

This preliminary research investigates the effectiveness of Fitlight technology in enhancing the balance and reactive balance skills of male basketball players aged 13-14. Employing a comprehensive research design, the study involved 19 athletes from the "LPS Târgu-Mures" team over an eight-week period. The effectiveness of a specific training programme was evaluated through a series of Y balance tests and Reactive Y balance tests. The results demonstrated significant improvements in the athletes' balance capabilities, as evidenced by increased mean distances and Cohens effect sizes in the Y balance tests and enhanced reaction times in the Reactive Y balance tests.
The Attitude of Sports Faculty Students related to a Skiing Internship
Authors: Brabiescu Calinescu L. , Fortan C. , Ciocanescu D. , Albina C. , Nanu I.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to identify the perception after the participation to a skiing training course of sports faculty students (76 subjects). Using an online questionnaire, students’ present their opinions about this proposed curricular activity. Results suggest that an internship allows students to have a more realistic and practical exposure is a good personal experience with long-term (professional) impact helping them to identify their goals and skills of the future profession. University sports programs that facilitate an effective "on-site" practical experience can have multiple results for the students –specialists in training, sports curriculum programs should offer more options, partnerships and similar practical experiences.
The Role of Hydrokinetotherapy in Improving the Daily Life of Adolescents with Spastic Tetraparezia
Authors: Cioroiu Silviu Gabriel
Published: November 2024

This theme is represented by a neurological field, being the main cause of mortality worldwide. It appears at any age and still remains the abstraction that comes first and is very important and very common globally. The condition cannot be completely cured, as other impairments such as hemiparesis, hemiplegia, paresis and paraparesis appear afterwards. The essence of the article is the realization and establishment of recovery programs for infantile spastic tetraparesis in order to recover and put into operation some important functions of the body.
The Compatibility of Measuring Leg Stability with the Y Balance Test and MFT Challenge Disc in Adolescents
Authors: Trofin P.F. , Riscanu F.P. , Morarasu C.A. , Olenic T.
Published: November 2024

The study proposes the analysis of the compatibility between two methods of assessing leg stability: Y Balance Test (YBT) and the MFT Challenge Disc (MFT). 48 adolescents aged between 15 and 19, from the Moldova region (Romania) were measured. In girls, unilateral indexes correlated positively for both YBT (r = 0.73; p < 0.001) and MFT (r = 0.55; p = 0.001). Boys showed a relationship between the Y coefficient of the right leg and the MFT score (r = 0.51; p = 0.03). Overall, there are correlations between unilateral coefficients within each test, with only YBT having links between the score and the coefficient of the right (r = -0.33; p = 0.02) and left (r = 0.57; p < 0.001) leg. No links were found between the results of the two tests measuring leg stability in the respective teenagers.
Analysis of Specialists' Opinions on the Issue of Special Physical Training of Junior Waterpolo Swimmers depending on the Playing Position
Authors: Cavcaliuc Andrei
Published: November 2024

Currently, optimizing the training process, in particular the special physical training of junior waterpolo swimmers is a complex and important challenge in performance sports. The subject of the research is solving the problem of the special physical training of junior waterpolo swimmers, which requires integrated and personalized approaches, taking into account the individual needs of the athletes depending on the playing position and the specific requirements of the event. In order to achieve a complete and detailed picture of the investigated subject, the following research methods were used: the study of bibliographic materials, pedagogical observation, the questionnaire, and conversations with specialists in the field. The obtained results show that the specialists in the field are of the opinion that special physical training must have an important role in the training of junior water polo swimmers in the water polo competition, a fact that requires the creation of specific characteristics for the playing position.
The Importance of Sports Activities in the Formation of Skills for an Active and Healthy Lifestyle in Young People
Authors: Lesco V. , Razmiret V.
Published: November 2024

Sports activities play a crucial role in developing the skills for an active and healthy lifestyle in adolescents, providing students with the opportunity to experience and engage in a variety of activities in order to develop their motor, social, and intellectual skills. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the essential role that sports activities have in skills training, necessary for an active and healthy lifestyle in adolescents. The objectives of the research include examining the physical benefits of sports activities on the health of adolescents, highlighting the development of motor skills through sports activities, and analyzing the impact of sports activities on the social and emotional development of adolescents, especially through identifying strategies and resources available to encourage adolescents to participate in sports activities and adopt an active and healthy lifestyle. Sports activities are essential for training the skills for an active and healthy lifestyle in adolescents, contributing to the improvement of physical and mental health, the development of social and emotional skills, and the increase of self-confidence and self-esteem.
The Content and Game Action Weight of Senior Football Players as Goalkeeper
Authors: Dinca A. , Ciorba C.
Published: November 2024

Football was and remains the number one sport, being very popular among the youth, both at the amateur and professional level. In recent years, specialists in several sports events, including sports games, have called for the differentiated training of athletes depending on their playing position. The players in the football teams are strictly specialized in playing positions, which are four in number: goalkeeper, defenders, midfielders, and forwards. The given article represents an extensive analysis of all the footballers’ actions in the position of Goalkeeper, here being analyzed in detail the content of the actions of the footballers in the position of Goalkeeper, as well as their weight in an official match. The recorded results will allow the design of a differentiated training program for footballers for the Goalkeeper position, which will allow its implementation in the sports training of senior goalkeepers.
Muscular Endurance Training: Bridging Gym Practices with Science Recommendations
Authors: Sagat P. , Pietro-Gonzales P.
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of training methodologies for improving muscular endurance in young adult males and whether these practices align with scientific recommendations. A cross-sectional descriptive comparative study was conducted with 115 male participants aged 18 to 26. Data on various training parameters were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicated that participants exhibited discrepancies in their training practices compared to established scientific recommendations. An important percentage of study participants did not exercise according to the recommended guidelines regarding exercise sequencing, intensity, repetitions, rest periods, and training supervision. Participants who followed the recommendations regarding intensity, sets, repetitions, weekly training frequency, and supervision achieved higher objective accomplishment scores. Thus, there are notable discrepancies between everyday gym practices and scientific recommendations for improving muscular endurance in young adult men. Adherence to current recommendations and professional supervision are essential for maximizing training effectiveness, preventing injuries, and facilitating future adaptations.
The first detection of coccidia (Conoidasida: Eimeriidae) DNA in Godlewski’s sculpin Abyssocottus (Limnocottus) godlewskii (Dybowski, 1874)
Authors: Dzyuba E.V. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Bukin Yu.S. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Khanaev I.V. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Bogdanov B.E. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Yakhnenko A.S. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Sapozhnikova Yu.P. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia, Denikina N.N. ,   Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Published: November 2024

For the first time, fragments of the cox1 gene of a representative of the family Eimeriidae were obtained by high-throughput sequencing in the digestive tract of Godlewski’s sculpin Abyssocottus (Limnocottus) godlewskii (Dybowski, 1874). The nucleotide sequences of the coccidia, which accounted for less than 0.01% of the total data set, belonged to a single genotype and were significantly different from all previously known. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the translated amino acid sequences reliably revealed the basal location of branches belonging to representatives of the family Eimeriidae among fishes. The question of the genus of the detected organism remains unresolved due to the limited nucleotide data for representatives of the genera Eimeria, Calyptospora, and Goussia from fish.
Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Indicators of Water Quality and Ecological Health in a Tropical Lake, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Enabulele C.O. ,   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria., Olomukoro J.O. ,   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Published: November 2024

This study assesses the community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in Ozomu Lake, Southern Nigeria, to evaluate the water quality and ecological health. Sampling was conducted twice monthly from March to August 2020, at three stations using bottom sediment grabs and bank-root zone sampling. A total of 23 taxa and 427 individuals were recorded. Diptera (25%) and Odonata (22%) were the most abundant, followed by Coleoptera (18%) and Ephemeroptera (12%). In terms of diversity, the stations were ranked as follows: Station 2, Station 1, and Station 3. The Shannon-Wiener index indicated that Station 2 had the highest species diversity (2.896), followed by Station 1 (2.828) and Station 3 (2.472). Pielou’s Evenness index revealed that Station 2 had the most even distribution of species (0.7871), while Station 1 had the lowest (0.6235). Pollution-sensitive taxa at station 1 comprised 40.8% of the benthic fauna (58 individuals), indicating relatively good water quality. Moderately tolerant taxa represented 28.9% (41 individuals), while pollution-tolerant taxa accounted for 30.3%. Station 2 recorded similar results for pollution-sensitive taxa at 40.3% (52 individuals). However, moderately tolerant taxa dominated this station, making up 41.1% (53 individuals), with pollution-tolerant taxa at only 18.6%, suggesting lower environmental stress. Pollution-tolerant taxa predominated at 40.4% at station 3 (65 individuals), indicating greater environmental disturbance. Moderately tolerant taxa constituted 33.5%, while pollution-sensitive taxa were reduced to 26.1%, reflecting the most stressed environment among the stations. Overall, the lake’s ecological health appears stable, but localized stressors may require targeted management.
Financial Reform of Public Policy on Ageing in France and the Persistent Invisibilization of Caregivers
Authors: Croguennec-Le Saout Hélène
Published: November 2024

This article aims to examine the financing of public policy on ageing in France with a focus on gender. Our research draws from an analysis of the pricing system applied to nursing homes for dependent elderly people (établissement hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes – EHPADs), last reformed in 2015 by the Adaptation of Society to Ageing Act. In this paper, we question the roles reserved to women as employees of the welfare state, caregivers, and citizens, in light of the representations driven by the pricing system. Our work draws mainly from a survey conducted in 2023 in four care homes in Brittany, France. The study highlights that the invisibilization of women takes place in various ways. Firstly, the pricing system applied to nursing homes drives a familialist conception of this policy, which relies mainly on the free contribution of carers. Secondly, this tool tends to misrepresent the work carried out by care professionals by undervaluing relational care. Finally, our survey shows that the system underestimates the return on social and policy investment that this institution represents at the local level.
A promising direction of development of out-of-furnace vacuuming processes of steel
Authors: Protasov A. V.
Published: November 2024

Secondary furnace processing of steel is a key link in modern steelmaking production and will simultaneously solve the problems of improving steel quality and production efficiency. At the same time, there is a variant of secondary evacuation of steel with a simplified bottomless vacuum chamber, which has a number of technological and design advantages. The article discusses the main parameters of this process and proposals for its industrial application
Calculation model of enjoyment of dust particles by swirking flow in gas flowes
Authors: Karlina A. I. , Kondrat'ev V. V. , Kolosov A. D. , D'yachkov A. A. , Nikolaev M. D.
Published: November 2024

An analysis of the reasons for the formation of deposits in the flue ducts of aspiration systems was carried out. Problems have been noted in removing deposits with compressed air. The purpose of the work is to solve the problems of aspiration systems and reduce the formation of dust deposits in gas ducts. This is possible due to the swirling of the compressed air flow when purging the gas duct. Despite significant pressure losses when organizing flow swirl, compressed air consumption is reduced by 20–40%. A computational model of the entrainment of dust particles by a swirling flow in gas ducts is presented. To describe the physical model of the movement of a dust particle in a swirling gas flow flowing in a gas duct with a circular cross-section, polar coordinates are used. Dependencies have been deter-mined to determine the value of the average axial velocity of the swirling flow required to move a particle along the gas duct. A diagram of the coordinate axes and forces acting on the particle is presented. The forces acting on the dust particle and its connections with the inner surface of the flue are replaced by the reaction of the flue wall. By decomposing the wall reaction into tangential and normal components, differential equations were obtained that describe the motion of the particle. The dust particle is significantly influenced by the forces of resistance to flow around the gas flow Fμ, the friction force on the wall of the gas duct Ffr, the weight of the particle P, the normal reaction of the wall of the gas duct N. Analysis of the fractional composition of various dusts contained in gases aspirated from the equipment of the metallurgical industry and the production of electrode materials showed that For these dusts, the optimal flow is a weak swirl of intensity W*= 0.5–0.8. This swirling intensity can be achieved by introducing a flow of compressed air when blowing at an angle of 36–48°.
Collective pareidolia
Authors: Bednarik Robert
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses a case of collective pareidolia where a group of people perceived non-existent petroglyphs on undecorated rock surfaces, leading to an investigation into the mechanics of shared perception. A university team had recorded thousands of what were believed to be petroglyphs. An invited team of three rock art specialists found no actual grooves corresponding to the recorded intricate images. The study suggests that the visual system’s expectation of seeing certain patterns, influenced by social and cognitive factors, can lead to collective pareidolia, reinforced by peer pressure. This case highlights the limitations of the human visual system and persistence of pareidolic perceptions, which can even become shared beliefs among groups despite evidence to the contrary. It also brings into focus the need of scepticism towards all attempted rock art motif identifications by cultural aliens, as they are always derived via pareidolia.
Mattering and Satisfaction with Life: Gender and Age Differences Among Kenyan Secondary School Students
Authors: Kihia Paul Mbatia , Ireri Anthony Muriithi , Mwangi Cecilia Nyambura , Njoroge James Njuguna
Published: November 2024

This study focused on how mattering correlated with school life satisfaction among 446 high school students aged 15 to 23 (_Mage_= 17.40, _SD_ = 1.22; 55.8 % Male) drawn from 12 secondary schools in Murang’a County Kenya. More than two thirds of our sample (69.3 %) were in middle adolescence (_M_age = 16.76, _SD_ = 0.53; range 15-17 years). The results revealed a significant moderate correlation between mattering and school life satisfaction. Both age and mattering explained 11 % variance in satisfaction with school life. Both age and gender did not interact with mattering in predicting satisfaction with school life. Although the pattern of correlation was similar for the middle and late adolescent groups, the prediction was only significant among the middle adolescent group. No significant gender differences were reported among the study variables. The findings suggest that when students feel important and when their age is taken into account, they are more likely to have higher levels of satisfaction with their school experience.
The method for evaluating the symmetry of the globule pattern in artificial intelligence systems for the diagnosis of skin neoplasms
Authors: Nikitaev V. G. , Proniche A. N. , Agornov O. V. , Sergeev V. Yu. , Kruglova L. S. , Otchenashenko A. I. , Deeva O. K.
Published: November 2024

Methods for early non-invasive diagnosis of melanoma using computer vision systems are considered. Existing computer vision systems using neural networks for classifying dermoscopic images do not allow tracking which diagnostic features are used to assign images to a particular class, reducing physicians' trust in the results. As an alternative, an image analysis algorithm is proposed with the ability to present justifications for decisions made at each processing stage. The implementation of this algorithm is based on the medical algorithm of modified globular pattern analysis. A significant sign of malignancy in a neoplasm is its asymmetry. This criterion is widely used by doctors in visual assessment of skin neoplasms. However, currently, the issues of evaluating the symmetry of globular patterns in artificial intelligence systems are not fully studied and described. A method for evaluating the symmetry of globular patterns in artificial intelligence systems for diagnosing skin neoplasms has been developed. A dataset of dermoscopic images was formed, containing 50 images each of neoplasms with symmetrically and asymmetrically arranged globular patterns. Methods for isolating the neoplasm area and globules are described. A classification system based on a set of 12 quantitative symmetry characteristics has been developed. The Random Forest algorithm was used to classify images based on symmetry features. In the conducted experiment, a classification accuracy of 85% was achieved. The presented results contribute to the development of computer vision methods in dermatology and demonstrate the possibility of using the proposed method in clinical decision support systems for modified analysis of dermoscopic patterns for diagnosing skin neoplasms.
Ensuring the stability of spectrophotometric measurement results during analysis of mixtures composition
Authors: Vesnin V. L.
Published: November 2024

Spectrophotometric methods for studying the composition of mixtures are considered. The need to increase the stability and accuracy of the results of spectrophotometric measurements when analyzing substances with low absorption coefficients or a low concentration of the determined substance is shown. A spectrophotometric complex with a thermostated cell is described, which enables to study gaseous and liquid mixtures. Results of study at this complex of absorption spectra of isomers of liquid xylene and their mixtures are given. Methods of increasing the stability of spectrophotometric measurement results, hardware and data processing methods necessary for this are considered. It has been shown that thermostating of not only vaporous, but also liquid samples is one of the necessary conditions for ensuring the stability of measurement results. The procedure for performing experiments and processing the results of spectrophotometric measurements is presented. A differential method has been developed to reduce the impact of spectrophotometer signal instabilities on the accuracy of determining the composition of mixtures. The method consists in using as input data for multiple linear regression not the absorption spectrum, but its wavelength derivative. An analysis of the composition of mixtures of two xylene isomers showed that the use of this method can reduce RMS of determining the composition of mixtures by about 1.6 times. It is noted that additional filtering (smoothing) of the measured absorption spectrum derivative may be required to reduce errors in determining the composition of mixtures. The developed method of reducing the influence of the spectrophotometer signal instabilities on the results of the mixture composition analysis is of the greatest interest for the analysis of substances with low absorption coefficients or in the case of low concentrations of the studied substances and can be used to solve environmental monitoring problems, for example, when determining hydrocarbon contaminants in the atmosphere.
Review of Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Al-Tameemi M. , Hassan M. B. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Paznikov A. A. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Al-Khaykanee M. N. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Albadrawi E. B. ,   Wasit University
Published: November 2024

In the modern digital era, the escalating dependence on interconnected systems raises growing concerns in the field of cybersecurity. This article addresses the pressing need to enhance security measures using Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), emphasizing their role in the analysis of system logs and data streams to detect and prevent malicious attacks. Intrusion Detection Systems play a crucial role in fortifying networks against potential threats, providing a fundamental level of protection for personal data, applications, and business transactions. The article explores the mechanisms of operation of Intrusion Detection Systems, their classifications, algorithms, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Structured sequentially, the article commences with an introduction, followed by discussions on the common goals, general structure, signature-based intrusion detection systems, anomaly detection systems, and hybrid intrusion detection systems. The concluding section consolidates the key findings, formulating comprehensive conclusions about the intricate landscape of intrusion detection systems.
Spectral Characteristics of Signals for Their Classification According to the Level of Annoyance by Machine Learning Methods
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Stepura D. V. , Statsenko L. G. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Rodionov A. Yu. ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: November 2024

The popularity of using machine learning methods to classify audio signals continues to grow. Although the recognition of qualitative parameters of noise is becoming increasingly important, its negative aspects have been rarely studied. Methods for determining the level of noise annoyance are presented. These methods can be useful for creating systems that control the noise level of the environment, as well as for evaluating not only acoustic characteristics, but also aesthetic and cognitive effects exerted by noise on a person. A comparison of the results of a neural network in determining the degree of noise annoyance in terms of the psychoacoustic parameter using various spectral characteristics is presented.
A Brief Historical Overview of the Stages of Creation and Development of Electric Machines
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Kolupitsky K. A. , Samokhvalov D. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University
Published: November 2024

In order to deeply understand the patterns of development of any branch of knowledge, it is necessary to know its history. This article provides an overview of technical information related to the creation of electric machines. The review is based on the analysis of specialized literature sources and includes: prerequisites for the appearance of electromechanical energy converters – electric machines, the discovery of the principles of operation of electric machines, the development of DC electric generators, the development of DC electric motors, the development of AC electric machines, as well as the stages of development of theoretical research in the field of electromechanics. The information contained in the article will be useful for expanding the horizons of students studying in the direction of «Electric Power and Electrical Engineering», as well as for all persons showing at least some interest in electrical engineering. The history of the development of electric machines, which is considered in this article, is very instructive and deserves a lot of attention.
Shadow Testing in Autonomous Vehicles : A Novel Approach to Validating Full Self-Driving AI Systems
Authors: Revanth Pathuri
Published: November 2024

As autonomous vehicles progress towards widespread deployment, ensuring the reliability and safety of Full Self-Driving (FSD) AI systems remains a critical challenge. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of shadow testing, an innovative approach to validating new FSD AI models in real-world conditions without compromising user safety. We examine the methodology of deploying new AI models in "shadow mode," where they process live sensory data alongside the operational system but do not control the vehicle. This approach enables the collection of valuable performance metrics and the identification of edge cases while mitigating risks associated with direct deployment. Our study demonstrates how shadow testing facilitates a continuous feedback loop for iterative improvement, enhancing model reliability through data-driven refinement. We further explore the challenges of implementing shadow testing at scale, including data processing requirements and ethical considerations. Our findings suggest that shadow testing not only accelerates the development of robust FSD systems but also plays a crucial role in building public trust in autonomous vehicle technology. This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI safety validation techniques and provides insights for standardizing testing protocols in the autonomous vehicle industry.
AI-Driven Incident Management in Retail : A Case Study
Authors: Manpreet Singh Sachdeva
Published: November 2024

This article examines the strategic implementation of artificial intelligence to transform incident management processes and enhance operational efficiency in e-commerce operations. In response to challenges including cart abandonment, system downtimes, slow incident response, and inconsistent customer support, the organization developed a comprehensive AI-driven approach encompassing advanced monitoring, predictive maintenance, and automated incident resolution. The implementation revolutionized the technical infrastructure through machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and advanced analytics, significantly improving system reliability, customer satisfaction, and operational efficiency. This transformation addressed immediate operational challenges and established new benchmarks for the retail industry, demonstrating the transformative potential of AI in modern e-commerce operations while providing valuable insights for organizations seeking to enhance their incident management capabilities through technological innovation.
Interpreting Federated Learning (FL) Models on Edge Devices by Enhancing Model Explainability with Computational Geometry and Advanced Database Architectures
Authors: Lawrence Anebi Enyejo  , Michael Babatunde Adewoye  , Uchenna Nneka Ugochukwu
Published: November 2024

Federated learning (FL) on edge devices has emerged as a promising approach for decentralized model training, enabling data privacy and efficiency in distributed networks. However, the complexity of these models presents significant challenges in terms of transparency and interpretability, which are critical for trust and accountability in real-world applications. This paper explores the integration of explainable AI techniques to enhance model interpretability within federated learning systems. By incorporating computational geometry, we aim to optimize model structure and decision-making processes, providing clearer insights into how models generate predictions. Additionally, we examine the role of advanced database architectures in managing the complexity of federated learning models on edge devices, ensuring efficient data handling and storage. Together, these approaches contribute to a more transparent, efficient, and scalable framework for federated learning on edge networks, addressing key challenges in both model explainability and performance optimization. This review highlights recent advancements and suggests future directions for research at the intersection of federated learning (FL), edge computing, explainability, and computational techniques.
“SOY CAPAZ, VOY A ESTUDIAR”: LA AUTOEFICACIA ACADÉMICA INCREMENTA EL COMPROMISO COGNITIVO.
Authors: Melgarejo Reichelt Benjamín
Published: November 2024

El compromiso escolar es relevante para el éxito y desempeño académico de los estudiantes. Un factor que tiene un efecto sobre este es el autoconcepto académico. Sin embargo, la manera por la que ambos interactúan no está del todo clara. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el proceso por el cual el autoconcepto académico influye en el compromiso escolar. Para esto, se incluyeron los factores de autoeficacia académica y rendimiento académico, del autoconcepto académico, y de compromiso cognitivo y compromiso emocional, del compromiso escolar. Estos se midieron en estudiantes de segundo ciclo básico de un establecimiento educacional del Gran Concepción. Las relaciones entre estos se evaluaron mediante modelos de regresión lineal. Los resultados mostraron que mantienen una asociación positiva. Específicamente, entre autoeficacia académica y compromiso cognitivo. A partir de esto, se discute acerca de la implicancia de estos resultados para la vida escolar y futuras líneas de investigación.
Methodological design difficulties spiritual and moral education in modern mathematics education in Russia
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Dvoryatkina Svetlana N. , Zhuk Larisa V. ,   Bunin Yelets State University, Savvina Olga A. ,   Bunin Yelets State University, Chernousova Natalia V ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Comprehension of the methodology of mathematics education from the position of the modern view of education becomes especially demanded, as Russia is currently facing the task of preserving traditional spiritual and moral values. The purpose of this study: to identify and reveal methodological difficulties and errors of designing spiritual and moral education in modern mathematics education, as well as to propose ways to eliminate them. Materials and methods. Comparative analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific ideas of Russian and foreign scientists, allowed to identify differences in the definition of the scope of the category «spiritual and moral values». The study was conducted by the authors for five years (2018- 2023). More than 100 people took part in the experimental work, including students of Bunin Yelets State University, mathematics teachers of higher educational institutions of Voronezh, Elets, Moscow, Orel and other cities of Russia. Results. On the basis of system analysis and experimental work, the reasons for the difficulties in designing education (specifics of the subject of mathematics, differences in the understanding of spiritual and moral values in different civilizations, etc.) were revealed. The greatest divergence of opinions was recorded in the evaluation of the experience of moral education in the Soviet school (46% of respondents were in favor and 48% were against borrowing this experience). At the same time, 82% of respondents agree with the need to form spiritual and moral qualities in schoolchildren in the process of teaching mathematics. Discussion of results and conclusion. Designing spiritual and moral education at present involves a number of methodological errors and difficulties inherited from the Soviet past. The Soviet experience of moral education in the process of teaching mathematics does not meet the requirements of modern Russia, the European experience contradicts national traditions, and the experience of Eastern countries with communitarian consciousness only partially meets the principles of Christian ethics. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a conceptual model of designing spiritual and moral education, which includes three levels (education of a good person, education of a good citizen, education of a Christian) and allows to partially eliminate the identified methodological difficulties.