bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Impact of Windowing Techniques on Fourier Transform-Preprocessed Signals for Deep Learning-Based ECG Classification
Authors: Martono Niken Prasasti , Ohwada Hayato
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: Arrhythmias, or irregular heart rhythms, are a prevalent cardiovascular condition and are diagnosed using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Advances in deep learning have enabled automated analysis of these signals. However, the effectiveness of deep learning models depends greatly on the quality of signal preprocessing. This study evaluated the impact of different windowing techniques applied to Fourier transform-preprocessed ECG signals on the classification accuracy of deep learning models. (2) Methods: We applied three windowing techniques—Hamming, Hann, and Blackman—to transform ECG signals into the frequency domain. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network was employed to classify the ECG signals into five arrhythmia categories based on features extracted from each windowed signal. (3) Results: The Blackman window yielded the highest classification accuracy, with improved signal-to-noise ratio and reduced spectral leakage compared to the Hamming and Hann windows. (4) Conclusions: The choice of windowing technique significantly influences the effectiveness of deep learning models in ECG classification. Future studies should explore additional preprocessing methods and their clinical applications.
Glass Finds from the Elite House of Roue, a Sasanian City Building in Western Iran: Composition and Classification Using XRF and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Koleini Farahnaz , Colomban Philippe , Doosti Sani Narges , Niakan Lily
Published: October 2024

The Silk Road connected the east of Iran to the western world. Roue city is close to the Road. Six glass samples from Roue were classified on the basis of morphology, archaeological context and compositions. The samples were analysed by means of XRF and Raman spectroscopy and two specific groups, namely Roue type 1 and Roue type 2, with close composition to high alumina plant-ash glass in circulation from the 6th to 10th centuries CE in Mesopotamia, Iran and Syria, were identified. The simultaneous occurrence of two types of glass in the excavated layers shows that the house was inhabited in the early Islamic period. Colours (black, amber-green, light and aqua blue) were produced mainly by the amount of iron and sulphur ions required for the amber chromophore and copper ions for the blue colour and the controlling of reducing conditions in the furnace.
Students’ Perspectives and Experiences in Project-Based Learning: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mutanga Murimo Bethel
Published: October 2024

Project-based learning (PBL) has gained traction in higher education as an effective pedagogical approach that promotes active learning, critical thinking, and the practical application of knowledge. Unlike traditional lecture-based methods, PBL engages students in collaborative projects that simulate real-world challenges, thereby enhancing their problem-solving skills. However, a notable gap exists in understanding how these theoretical benefits translate into actual student experiences. Therefore, this study aims to investigate undergraduate students’ perspectives and experiences in project-based learning. By understanding students’ perspectives and experiences, this research highlights the benefits, challenges, and overall effectiveness of PBL. A qualitative research design was employed, involving in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 30 undergraduate students. The students were exposed to project-based learning in research methodology and software development courses. The interviews were conducted in person and via video conferencing, ensuring a comfortable environment for participants to share their insights. The data collected from the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns. The thematic analysis revealed several key themes: the importance of consistent attendance due to the tailored and sequential nature of PBL; the facilitation of deeper understanding and the practical application of theoretical concepts; difficulties in adapting to PBL, especially when transitioning from traditional teaching methods; benefits and logistical challenges of collaboration; the crucial role of the iterative process of assessment and feedback in mastering concepts; and the fostering of autonomy and the development of essential skills such as time management and problem-solving.
Generalization Increases the Adaptive Value of Mate Choice Copying When Immediate Copying Is Costly
Authors: Kushnick Geoff
Published: October 2024

When assessing potential mates is costly, there will be selection for copying others. Mate choice copying, which is the increased chance of mating with another individual after observing them mating with someone else (i.e., individual-based copying), has been documented in several species, including humans. It is touted as an example of the influence of culture on animal and human mating, but alone it is unlikely to lead the cultural evolution of mating. Rather, it requires mate choice copying with generalization (i.e., trait-based copying), which is the effect of immediate observations on future mating. This sort of mate choice copying has been documented in six species, including humans. Here, I extend an existing game theory model of mate choice copying to include generalization (Extension 1), a cost to immediate copying (Extension 2), and both previous extensions (Extension 3). The results show that Extensions 1 and 2 decrease the adaptive value of mate choice copying when compared to the original model. Extension 3 suggests that adding generalization to mate choice copying with a cost to immediate copying is a more likely evolutionary trajectory than adding it to mate choice copying without this cost. These results have implications for illuminating the emergence of the cultural evolution of mating preferences.
Estimation of the Hydraulic Parameters of a Stratified Alluvial Soil in the Region of El Haouareb—Central Tunisia. Experiments, Empirical, Analytical and Inverse Models
Authors: Abdennour Emna , Guellouz Lamia , Dahmouni Mariem , Hachicha Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Modeling water flow and contaminant transport in the unsaturated zone is a difficult task that relies heavily on good hydrodynamic soil characterization. This article presents a complementarity between experimentation, direct modeling and inverse modeling in order to provide a better estimate of the hydrodynamic parameters of stratified alluvial soil in the El Haouareb region of the Kairouane plain in Tunisia. A field sampling campaign was carried out. The samples collected underwent particle size analysis, bulk density measurements and infiltration tests using a mini-Muntz. In parallel, simple evaporation tests were applied to separate strata. In addition, a 2 m soil column was reconstituted and fitted with sensors to monitor water content, tension, temperature and electrical conductivity. An internal drainage test was performed on this monolith. Three methods were applied using experimental data to estimate soil hydrodynamic parameters. In the first method, pedotransfer functions were used (Rosetta platform) based on granulometric results and bulk density. In the second, water tension and water content monitored during the simple evaporation test were used to plot the soil–water retention curve (SWRC) using SWRC-Fit. In the third method, inverse modeling was applied to the internal drainage test. A comparison of the results showed that the inverse method had the lowest RMSE. Uncertainty analysis has been implemented for both the experimental and numerical set up.
Ornamental Plant Growth in Different Culture Conditions and Fluoride and Chloride Removals with Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Marín-Muñiz José Luis , Hernández María E. , Zamora Castro Sergio
Published: October 2024

Natural water resources often contain fluorides and chlorides due to wastewater discharge; however, excessive exposure to fluorides can pose health risks to humans. Elevated chloride levels can negatively affect aquatic fauna and disrupt the reproductive rates of plants. This study assessed constructed wetlands (CWs) featuring monocultures (including Canna hybrid, Alpinia purpurata, and Hedychium coronarium) and polycultures (combinations of species from the monoculture systems) of ornamental plants (OPs) to evaluate their efficiency in removing fluorides and chlorides. The results revealed that the ornamental plants flourished in the CW conditions without sustaining any physical damage. C. hybrid demonstrated the longest roots and the highest volume, as well as greater height compared to other species. However, this did not affect the ion removal efficiency. In polyculture systems, 42.2 ± 8.8% of fluoride was removed, a result that was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the removal rates observed in monocultures of C. hybrid (42.5 ± 7.5%), H. coronarium (36.8 ± 7.0%), or A. purpurata (30.7 ± 7.9%). For chloride, a similar pattern emerged, with 32.4 ± 4.8% removed in constructed wetlands (CWs) using a polyculture of ornamental plants, a figure that was also not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the removal percentages in monocultures of C. hybrid (29.1 ± 5.3%), H. coronarium (28.1 ± 5.0%), or A. purpurata (32.0 ± 5.7%). Our results indicate that CWs with polyculture species contribute to pollutant removal at levels comparable to those found in monoculture systems. However, polyculture systems offer enhanced aesthetic appeal and biodiversity, incorporating various ornamental flowering plants. The use of this eco-technology for removing fluoride and chloride pollutants helps prevent river contamination and associated health issues.
Automated Classification of Exchange Information Requirements for Construction Projects Using Word2Vec and SVM
Authors: Mitera-Kiełbasa Ewelina , Zima Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the challenge of automating the creation of Exchange Information Requirements (EIRs) for construction projects using Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Digital Twins, as specified in the ISO 19650 standard. This paper focuses on automating the classification of EIR paragraphs according to the ISO 19650 standard’s categories, aiming to improve information management in construction projects. It addresses a gap in applying AI to enhance BIM project management, where barriers often include technological limitations, a shortage of specialists, and limited understanding of the methodology. The proposed method uses Word2Vec for text vectorisation and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with an RBF kernel for text classification, and it attempts to apply Word2Vec with cosine similarity for text generation. The model achieved an average F1 score of 0.7, with predicted categories for provided sentences and similar matches for selected phrases. While the text classification results were promising, further refinement is required for the text generation component. This study concludes that integrating AI tools such as Word2Vec and SVM offers a feasible solution for enhancing EIR creation. However, further development of text generation, particularly using advanced techniques such as GPT, is recommended. These findings contribute to improving managing complex construction projects and advancing digitalization in the AECO sector.
Risk Factors for Prematurity and Congenital Malformations in Assisted Reproductive Technology Pregnancies—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tocariu Raluca , Dinulescu Alexandru , Prejmereanu Ana , Maier Călina , Coricovac Anca-Magdalena , Archir Evelyn-Denise , Niculae Lucia Elena , Brătilă Elvira
Published: October 2024

Background: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) nowadays plays a major role in the treatment of infertility, with the most frequently used techniques being in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The objective of this study is to analyze pregnancies achieved using these ART techniques and their correlations with the prematurity and congenital malformations rates. Methods: This is an observational retrospective longitudinal study that includes 814 newborns conceived through an ART, namely IVF or ICSI. Results: Using a multivariate logistic regression analysis mode, there is a higher prematurity rate in twin pregnancies OR 16 (95% CI 10.7, 23.8), donor conception OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1, 3.3) and PIH pregnancy OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.5, 4.5). The odds of malformations in these ART pregnancies are increased by the stage of the embryo (day 3) OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.3, 5.2), fresh embryo transfer OR 2 (95% CI 1.2, 3.4) and donor conception OR 2.3 (95% CI 1.2, 4.4). The ART used (IVF/ICSI) does not influence the prematurity or birth defects rate. Conclusions: Donor conception is found to increase the odds of both prematurity and congenital malformations. The ART used (IVF/ICSI) does not influence the prematurity or birth defects rate.
Anesthesia for Bronchoscopy—An Update
Authors: Goudra Basavana , Sundararaman Lalitha , Chandar Prarthna , Green Michael
Published: October 2024

The field of interventional pulmonology has grown immensely and is increasingly recognized as a subspecialty. The new procedures introduced in the last decade pose unique challenges, and anesthesiologists need to readapt to their specific demands. In this review, we extensively discuss the pathophysiology, technical aspects, preprocedural preparation, anesthetic management, and postprocedural challenges of many new procedures such as navigational bronchoscopy, endobronchial valve deployment, and bronchial thermoplasty. Majority of these procedures are performed under general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube. Total intravenous anesthesia with rocuronium as a muscle relaxant seems to be the standard US practice. The easy availability and proven safety and efficacy of sugammadex as a reversal agent of rocuronium has decreased the need for high-dose remifentanil as an agent to avoid muscle relaxants. Additional research is available with regard to the utility of nebulized lidocaine and is discussed. Finally, two newer drugs administered for conscious sedation (typically without the need of an anesthesiologist) are likely to gain popularity in the future. Remimazolam is a new short-acting benzodiazepine with a relatively faster offset of clinical effects. Dexmedetomidine, a selective adrenergic agonist, is increasingly employed in bronchoscopy as a sedative during bronchoscopic procedures.
Comparative Experimental Evaluation of Orthodontic Appliances for Maxillary Arch Expansion
Authors: Ebrahimy Ghazal , Konermann Anna , El-Bialy Tarek , Keilig Ludger , Bourauel Christoph
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The orthodontic treatment of posterior crossbite using appliances for gradual maxillary expansion is crucial to ensure proper transversal jaw relationships as much as occlusal functionality. The aim of this study was to analyze forces and torques generated by different appliances for maxillary expansion. Methods: Measurements were conducted for the Wilson® 3D® Quadhelix (WQH) and Wilson® 3D® Multi-Action Palatal Appliance (WPA) across various sizes and compared to the Remanium® Quadhelix (RQH). Activations were set to 8 mm for the WQH and RQH and 6 and 8 mm for the WPA. Rotations and root torque were simulated via an activation of 10° for arches. A total of eight test series were conducted. Results: The WPA displayed the highest force and torque values for all movements, far surpassing recommended guideline values (expansion 8.5–>15.0 N/46.3–86.5 Nmm, rotation 3.1–6.1 N/40.7–61.4 Nmm, torque 3.9–5.1 N/22.4–29.7 Nmm), and the WQH displayed the lowest values (expansion 2.7–12.6 N/11.1–39.6 Nmm, rotation 0.1–1.7 N/23.0–32.2 Nmm, torque 0.9–2.9 N/3.4–10.5 Nmm). Appliances with the smallest transverse dimensions exhibited the highest force and torque maxima. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of understanding biomechanical principles in orthodontics for minimizing unintended tooth movements, providing detailed insights into the force systems of appliances acting in the transverse plane, and establishing a foundation for future clinical investigations to validate these in vitro findings.
Implementation of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Pregnancy
Authors: Llaneza Amanda J. , Beebe Laura A. , Campbell Janis E. , Cheney Marshall K. , Zhang Ying , Terrell Deirdra R.
Published: October 2024

Background: Managing primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pregnancy is challenging. Providers must balance bleeding risk against medication toxicity. The evaluation of the implementation of pregnancy-specific ITP clinical guidelines has not been widely studied. The goal of this study was to describe the implementation of pregnancy-specific ITP guidelines at an academic health center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review at the University of Oklahoma Health system from 2011 to 2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the characteristics of the study population. Management, according to the clinical guidelines (American Society of Hematology; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) was evaluated during pregnancy and during/for delivery. Results: A total of 85 pregnant persons with ITP were included. The majority (68%; 58/85) delivered vaginally. There were 0 maternal deaths and 2 infant deaths. No patients had major bleeding during pregnancy. Postpartum hemorrhage was experienced by 14%. The management of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy was 100% adherent to the strong recommendation for severe (n = 13) and mild (n = 11) thrombocytopenia. However, 18/50 (36%) asymptomatic persons with moderate thrombocytopenia received treatment despite the strong recommendation that treatment was unnecessary. Additionally, 8/21 (38%) persons with moderate thrombocytopenia received treatment to increase platelet counts for epidural anesthesia despite the guideline’s suggestion that it was unnecessary. Conclusions: During pregnancy, patients with severe thrombocytopenia (i.e., most at risk of bleeding) received treatment. On the other hand, approximately 40% of pregnant persons with ITP received unnecessary treatment for moderate asymptomatic thrombocytopenia either during pregnancy or for an epidural. Utilizing clinical practice guidelines would reduce the overtreatment of pregnant persons which would reduce the potential side effects of therapy for the mother and infant.
An Integrative Migraine Polygenic Risk Score Is Associated with Age at Onset But Not Chronification
Authors: Chase Bruce A. , Frigerio Roberta , Rubin Susan , Franada Tiffani , Semenov Irene , Meyers Steven , Bergman-Bock Stuart , Mark Angela , Freedom Thomas , Marcus Revital , Dafer Rima , Wei Jun , Zheng Siqun L. , Xu Jianfeng , Mulford Ashley J. , Sanders Alan R. , Pham Anna , Epshteyn Alexander , Maraganore Demetrius , Markopoulou Katerina
Published: October 2024

Background/Objective: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) demonstrate a complex genetic landscape for migraine risk. Migraine polygenic risk scores (PRSs) developed from GWAS data may have utility for predicting disease course. We analyzed the strength of association between an integrative migraine PRS and age at onset and chronification. Methods: In this retrospective clinical/genetic case–control study, PGS004799 was calculated for adults with European ancestry from two real-world community cohorts. In the DodoNA cohort, 1653 treated, deeply phenotyped migraine cases, diagnosed using International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition criteria, were followed for a mean (range) of 2.3 (1–10) years and compared to 3460 controls (without migraine diagnosis). In the GHI cohort, 2443 cases were identified using the first migraine ICD code as a proxy for migraine onset and compared to 8576 controls (without migraine ICD codes). PRS associations with age at onset (DodoNA) or first migraine ICD code (GHI) and chronification (DodoNA) were evaluated. Results: In both cohorts, PRS was higher in cases (DodoNA mean (range) cases: 0.82 (0.07–1.76), controls: 0.78 (0.04–1.56); t (5111) = −6.1, p = 1.4 × 10−9, GHI: cases: 0.79 (0.003–1.68), controls: 0.75 (−0.06–1.53); t (11,017) = −7.69, p = 1.6 × 10−14), and a higher PRS was associated with earlier onset in females (HR [95% CI] DodoNA: 2.1 [1.6–2.6, p < 0.001; GHI: 1.8 [1.4–2.1], p < 0.001) and in males (DodoNA: 2.5 [1.3–4.7], p = 0.005; GHI: 1.6 [1.1–2.6], p = 0.027). PRS was not different in cases with or without chronification (t (1651) = −1.67, p = 0.094) and was not associated with earlier chronification (1.2 [0.8–1.6], p = 0.424). Conclusions: Higher genetic risk was associated with earlier onset and increased risk of migraine well into adulthood, but not with chronification. This suggests that the PRS quantifies genetic susceptibility that is distinct from factors influencing disease course.
Mood, Quality of Life, and Immune Fitness During the COVID-19 Pandemic of Young Adults in Germany
Authors: Hendriksen Pauline A. , Kiani Pantea , Koyun Anna Helin , Garssen Johan , Stock Ann-Kathrin , Verster Joris C.
Published: October 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected young adults’ lives globally, including those in Germany. This study investigated mental health and quality of life during the pandemic, with a particular focus on mood. Immune fitness, the body’s capacity to respond to health challenges (such as infections) by activating an appropriate immune response, was assessed as a physical health indicator. Methods: Data were collected from 317 participants, aged 18 to 35, via an online survey conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. Participants included 103 men (32.5%) and 214 women (67.5%), with a mean age of 25.5 years (SD = 4.1). Results: Compared to pre-pandemic levels, significant declines in mood, quality of life, immune fitness, and sleep quality were observed during the lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.0125). The most pronounced effects were observed during the second lockdown, with declines extending into the second no-lockdown period for fatigue, depression, happiness, optimism, and immune fitness (p < 0.0125). Significant sex differences were found for the magnitude of mood effects (anxiety, depression, stress). No significant differences were found according to age or occupational status (student vs. work). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown periods had a significant negative effect on the mood, immune fitness, and well-being of young adults living in Germany.
Influence of Target Surface BRDF on Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
Authors: Yang Yufeng , Yang Kailei , Zhang Ao
Published: October 2024

The surface material of an object is a key factor that affects non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging. In this paper, we introduce the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) into NLOS imaging to study how the target surface material influences the quality of NLOS images. First, the BRDF of two surface materials (aluminized insulation material and white paint board) was modeled using deep neural networks and compared with a five-parameter empirical model to validate the method’s accuracy. The method was then applied to fit BRDF data for different common materials. Finally, NLOS target simulations with varying surface materials were reconstructed using the confocal diffusion tomography algorithm. The reconstructed NLOS images were classified via a convolutional neural network to assess how different surface materials impacted imaging quality. The results show that image clarity improves when decreasing the specular reflection and increasing the diffuse reflection, with the best results obtained for surfaces exhibiting a high diffuse reflection and no specular reflection.
Developer and Partnership Differences in COVID-19 and Other Infections: Insights from DNA Vaccines
Authors: Okuyama Ryo
Published: October 2024

Historically, vaccine development has been heavily supported by government and public institutions. On the other hand, private biopharmaceutical companies have played a significant role in the development of innovative new therapies using novel pharmaceutical technologies. COVID-19 vaccines using new vaccine technologies, such as mRNA and adenoviral vectors, were rapidly developed by emerging biopharmaceutical companies in collaboration with large corporations and public organizations. This underscores the crucial role of emerging biopharma and public–private partnerships in advancing new vaccine technologies. While these innovations have been suggested as models for future vaccines, their applicability to other infectious diseases requires careful assessment. This study investigated the characteristics of the developers and partnerships in the development of DNA vaccines as a next-generation vaccine platform. The analysis revealed that while emerging biopharmaceutical companies and private–private and private–public partnerships were crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic, public organizations and public–public collaborations primarily led to the clinical development of vaccines for other diseases. Strategies for vaccine development using new vaccine technologies should be tailored to the specific characteristics of each disease.
Recent Advances in Sedimentology
Authors: Kontakiotis George , Maravelis Angelos G. , Zelilidis Avraam
Published: October 2024

Sedimentary rocks represent a vital component of the Earth’s geological framework, playing a significant role in the Earth’s surface morphology, as well as in paleoenvironmental reconstructions [...]
Bioaccumulation Patterns of Trace Elements in Jellyfish (Crambionella orsini and Cassiopea andromeda) from Northwestern Coastal Waters of the Persian Gulf
Authors: Darvishi Yousef , Pourkhabbaz Hamidreza , Pastorino Paolo , Esposito Giuseppe , Banaee Mahdi , Faggio Caterina
Published: October 2024

Trace element pollution in the Persian Gulf originates from industrial activities, urbanization, shipping, and oil extraction, leading to accumulation in sediments, water, and marine life such as jellyfish. This study investigated trace element bioaccumulation in two jellyfish species, Crambionella orsini and Cassiopea andromeda, across different locations. Jellyfish samples were collected from the Mahshahr and Dilam ports, and their trace element concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study revealed no significant differences in trace element concentrations between C. orsini and C. andromeda. However, levels of copper, iron, manganese, and nickel were significantly higher in specimens from Mahshahr compared to those from Dilam. No significant differences were observed for cadmium, mercury, vanadium, tin, magnesium, and selenium across sites. Lower concentrations of lead, arsenic, zinc, and cobalt were found in C. orsini from Dilam compared to Mahshahr. Additionally, the study found no significant correlation between trace element concentrations in the water and their accumulation in jellyfish bodies. These findings offer valuable insights into the distribution and bioaccumulation of trace elements in jellyfish populations across different marine environments in the Persian Gulf.
Correction: Kobori et al. Utilization of Corn Steep Liquor for the Production of Fairy Chemicals by Lepista sordida Mycelia. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 1269
Authors: Kobori Hajime , Wu Jing , Takemura Hirohide , Choi Jae-Hoon , Tada Naoto , Kawagishi Hirokazu
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
The Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism and the Glutathione Antioxidant System Protect Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast Against pH-Induced Stress
Authors: Rakhmanova Tatyana I. , Gessler Natalia N. , Isakova Elena P. , Klein Olga I. , Deryabina Yulia I. , Popova Tatyana N.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we first thoroughly assayed the response of the key enzymes of energy metabolism and the antioxidant system in Yarrowia lipolytica yeast at extreme pH. The activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, namely NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, and fumarate hydratase, NADPH-producing enzymes of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, and the enzymes of the glutathione system was assessed. All the enzymes that were tested showed a significant induction contrary to some decrease in the aconitate hydratase activity with acidic and alkaline stress. It is probable that a change in the enzyme activity in the mitochondria matrix is involved in the regulation of the cellular metabolism of Y. lipolytica, which allows the species to prosper at an extreme ambient pH. It distinguishes it from any other type of ascomycete. A close relationship between the induction of the Krebs cycle enzymes and the key enzymes of the glutathione system accompanied by an increased level of reduced glutathione was shown. The assumption that the increased activity of the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and promotion of the pentose phosphate pathway at pH stress launches a set of events determining the adaptive response of Y. lipolytica yeast.
Transformations in Rural Community Order: A Case Study of Puqian Village, Jiangxi Province, from 1978 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Zhang Lu , Zhao Ziyi , Qu Weiping , Xu Juncai
Published: October 2024

Since the reform and opening-up, village communities in China have undergone significant transformations alongside rapid modernization. The reconstruction of these communities is a key issue in China’s rural revitalization efforts and necessitates an analysis of the evolutionary characteristics and drivers of village community order. This study defines the concept of village community order and develops corresponding evaluation indicators and quantitative methods. Taking Puqian Village in Ji’an County, Jiangxi Province, as a case study, the research explores the evolution of village community order across distinct development stages—1978, 1985, 2003, and 2022. Data for the study were collected through participatory rural appraisal, remote sensing image processing, and GIS spatial analysis. The results reveal that since the reform and opening-up, Puqian Village has experienced increasing spatial complexity, disordered spatial structures, unbalanced population dynamics, and a weakening social network. These changes were especially pronounced during the periods of market-oriented development and urban–rural integration. The evolution of village community order is influenced by factors such as livelihood transformations, the decline of local culture, the dissolution of public authority, and weakened governance structures. By analyzing village community order from the dual perspectives of social and spatial order, this study provides a systematic framework for understanding village community changes.
Spatial–Temporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Visible and Invisible Non-Grain Production of Cultivated Land in Hebei Province Based on GlobeLand 30 and MODIS-EVI
Authors: Lin Bingjie , Liu Lin , Xi Jianzhong , Zhang Li , Zhou Yapeng , Wang Li , Wang Shutao , Yin Haikui
Published: October 2024

The growing problem of non-grain production of cultivated land (NGPOCL) has increased food security risk, garnering attention from China and other nations worldwide. Current research predominantly focuses on the internal planting structure of cultivated land. To more comprehensively measure the level of NGPOCL, we categorized NGPOCL into two types: visible non-grain production of cultivated land (VNGPOCL) and invisible non-grain production of cultivated land (INGPOCL). VNGPOCL and INGPOCL scopes were extracted utilizing land use and vegetation index data, exploring their spatial–temporal characteristics and driving factors through spatial feature analysis and multiple linear regression methods. The findings are as follows: (1) The degree of VNGPOCL shifted from mild to moderate, with its rate increasing from 5.16% in 2000–2010 to 10.82% in 2010–2020. Furthermore, the spatial variation in VNGPOCL indicated a growing east–west disparity while showing a reduction in north–south differences, reflecting significant spatial agglomeration effects. (2) There was a dramatic increase in areas classified as having moderate to severe INGPOCL, with the rate rising from 14.24% in 2000 to 41.47% by 2020. The east–west and north–south disparities concerning INGPOCL diminished rapidly, also indicating strong spatial agglomeration effects. (3) The driving factors for VNGPOCL and INGPOCL differed significantly depending on developmental stages. The results contribute valuable insights into accurately characterizing the spatial–temporal features associated with NGPOCL in Hebei Province while enhancing risk management strategies related to NGPOCL.
Factors Affecting Food Security of Expropriated Peri-Urban Households in Ethiopia: The Case of the East Gojjam Administrative Zone
Authors: Shita Moges Wubet , Agegnehu Sayeh Kassaw , Nurie Derjew Fentie , Dires Tilahun , Navratil Gerhard
Published: October 2024

Food insecurity in peri-urban areas is exacerbated by high living costs, limited access to healthy food, and economic inequality. Despite its growing prevalence due to factors like land loss from urban expansion, food insecurity has received limited attention. In Ethiopia, drastic urbanization creates competition for land between agriculture and urban development, which is becoming extreme in peri-urban areas., This study aims to assess the impact of urban expansion on food security among expropriated peri-urban households in Ethiopia. Using a calorie intake-based food security line, we categorize respondents as food-secure or -insecure. The research analyzed data from 350 expropriated peri-urban households through a structured questionnaire, employing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. About 67% of the respondents were classified as food-insecure. The binary logit model identified several significant determinants of food security, including compensation amount and type, household head demographics, agricultural land rent participation, irrigation and credit access, off-farm income, and organic fertilizer use. To address food insecurity among expropriated households, policymakers must prioritize these factors. Government attention and policy consideration are crucial to ensure the well-being of these vulnerable populations.
Retelling of Stories with Common Phrasal Expressions by High-Proficiency Learners: Implications for Learning and High-Stakes Testing
Authors: Coulson David Gregory
Published: October 2024

The goal of this research was to investigate how well L2 English speakers of different proficiency levels were able to perform on a test of auditory memory like that used in the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). In this test, participants must retell heard stories. While the validity of elicited imitation tests is well established in second-language acquisition research, the effectiveness of using retelling as a neuropsychological measurement when a language other than the test taker’s L1 is used is unclear. Further, due to their importance in memory function, this study also analyzed the role of common phrasal expressions in how well participants retold stories in three groups of different proficiency. The results indicated that the increase in scores in the retelling of stories aligned with the proficiency level of the non-native participants. Higher-proficiency NNSs were also able to use more of the commonly used spoken phrases in their retelling. Further, there was no difference in this measure between the higher-proficiency Second-Language English and First-Language English participants. While the effectiveness of this test method as a neuropsychological tool when a language other than the test taker’s L1 is used is unclear, these results indicate significant progress by the higher-proficiency participants. Nevertheless, given that this test is often used in this context with immigrants and minority language patients, doubts remain about its suitability for less proficient individuals.
Improvement of Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater Through Fermentation of Low-Concentrated Wastewater Sludge and Increased Production of Volatile Fatty Acids
Authors: Gogina Elena , Makisha Nikolay , Gulshin Igor , Reshetova Anna
Published: October 2024

This article presents the results of a two-stage study: the first stage involved assessing the dependence of the increase or decrease in the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on external factors and then assessing the relationship between the VFA concentration in the supernatant after fermentation and the processing characteristics (temperature, mixing mode, alkalinity, pH, nitrogen and phosphorus content). The greatest increase in VFAs (content up to 285 mg/L in the supernatant) was achieved at a temperature in the range of 28 to 38 °C with constant mixing of the sludge. Based on the results of the second stage, a conclusion was made on the efficiency of using a particular substrate depending on the concentration of phosphorus phosphates in the incoming wastewater. The study results showed that 7.54 mg/L of phosphorus can be removed with a given probability (for activated sludge, raw sludge and wastewater). It is recommended to compensate for the excess of this concentration by dosing the acetic acid solution at a rate of 3800 meq/L of VFA per 1 mg/L of phosphorus phosphates. The literature does not contain any results of parallel studies of the operation of a controlled bioreactor with artificial external feeding and acidified VFA. The results of the study can be applied in planning sludge acidification systems in the technological scheme of wastewater treatment and sludge processing.
Design and Implementation of Digital Twin Factory Synchronized in Real-Time Using MQTT
Authors: Cho Yechang , Noh Sang Do
Published: October 2024

As information technology progresses, the need for digital transformation within the industrial sector has become increasingly apparent, and digital twin technology has emerged as a significant trend in manufacturing. Digital twins synchronize physical and digital environments, overcoming spatial and temporal limitations to create various added values that are unattainable in reality. This paper presents a model that integrates digital twin technology with production and operational technologies at manufacturing sites, enabling remote, centrally controlled manufacturing services that transcend physical constraints. Specifically, by utilizing Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for real-time synchronization, this approach ensures efficient and timely data transfer between physical and digital environments. While traditional approaches often encounter challenges due to high investment costs and design complexities, this paper proposes a cost-effective and practical solution that reflects actual factory conditions.
I3oT (Industrializable Industrial Internet of Things) Tool for Continuous Improvement in Production Line Efficiency by Means of Sub-Bottleneck Detection Method
Authors: Llopis Javier , Lacasa Antonio , Montés Nicolás , Garcia Eduardo
Published: October 2024

The present paper shows how to develop an I3oT (Industrializable Industrial Internet of Things) tool for continuous improvement in production line efficiency by means of the sub-bottleneck detection method. There is a large amount of scientific literature related to the detection of bottlenecks in production lines. However, there is no scientific literature that develops tools to improve production lines based on the bottlenecks that go beyond rebalancing tasks. This article explores the concept of a sub-bottleneck. In order to detect sub-bottlenecks in a massive way, the use of one of the I3oT (Industrializable Industrial Internet of Things) tools developed in our previous work, the mini-terms, is proposed. These mini-terms use the existing sensors for the normal operation of the production lines to measure the sub-cycle times and use them to predict the deterioration of the machine components found in the production lines. The sub-bottleneck algorithms proposed are used in two real twin lines at the Ford manufacturing plant in Almussafes (Valencia), the (3LH) and (3RH), to show how the lines can be continuously improved by means of sub-bottleneck detection.
Influence of Magnetic Field on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Critical Review
Authors: Alimi Fathi
Published: October 2024

This review reports a critical study on the effect of magnetic fields on the precipitation process of calcium carbonate scale from hard water. Indeed, the harmful consequences of the water scaling phenomenon urged researchers to find effective solutions. One of the interesting antiscaling processes is the magnetic treatment of water, which triggers a reduction in the precipitation of calcium carbonate on the walls when in contact with hard water. In the present review, we discuss selected examples related to this process in a combined analysis of the latest advances and the mechanism of action of the magnetic field. Despite the diversity of studies investigating this phenomenon, the effectiveness of this treatment remains a controversial issue, and it is not possible to obtain a clear explanation of the phenomenon. This review proposes, finally, interesting hypotheses which can effectively explain the effect of magnetic treatment on the behavior of hard waters and the precipitation of calcium carbonate, which include magnetohydrodynamics and the hydration effect.
Lexical Error Guard: Leveraging Large Language Models for Enhanced ASR Error Correction
Authors: Si Mei , Cobas Omar , Fababeir Michael
Published: October 2024

Error correction is a vital element in modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. A significant portion of ASR error correction work is closely integrated within specific ASR systems, which creates challenges for adapting these solutions to different ASR frameworks. This research introduces Lexical Error Guard (LEG), which leverages the extensive pre-trained knowledge of large language models (LLMs) and employs instructional learning to create an adaptable error correction system compatible with various ASR platforms. Additionally, a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method is utilized using quantized low-rank adaptation (QLoRA) to facilitate fast training of the system. Tested on the LibriSpeech data corpus, the results indicate that LEG improves ASR results when used with various Whisper model sizes. Improvements in WER are made, with a decrease from 2.27% to 2.21% on the “Test Clean” dataset for Whisper Large with beam search. Improvements on the “Test Other” dataset for Whisper Large with beam search are also made, from 4.93% to 4.72%.
A Study on Positive Solutions to Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Gou Haide
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article concerns a type of nonlinear boundary value problem of fractional differential equations with the Caputo derivative. Using the fixed point index theory of condensing mapping in cones, the existence results of positive solutions for such a problem are obtained.
Start Time Planning for Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding in Time-Sensitive Networks
Authors: Liu Daqian , Zhang Zhewei , Shi Yuntao , Wang Yingying , Guo Jingcheng , Lei Zhenwu
Published: October 2024

Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is a kind of network communication technology applied in fields such as industrial internet and intelligent transportation, capable of meeting the application requirements for precise time synchronization and low-latency deterministic forwarding. In TSN, cyclic queuing and forwarding (CQF) is a traffic shaping mechanism that has been extensively discussed in the recent literature, which allows the delay of time-triggered (TT) flow to be definite and easily calculable. In this paper, two algorithms are designed to tackle the start time planning issue with the CQF mechanism, namely the flow–path–offset joint scheduling (FPOJS) algorithm and congestion-aware scheduling algorithm, to improve the scheduling success ratio of TT flows. The FPOJS algorithm, which adopts a novel scheduling object—a combination of flow, path, and offset—implements scheduling in descending order of a well-designed priority that considers the resource capacity and resource requirements of ports. The congestion-aware scheduling algorithm identifies and optimizes congested ports during scheduling and substantially improves the scheduling success ratio by dynamically configuring port resources. The experimental results demonstrate that the FPOJS algorithm achieves a 39% improvement in the scheduling success ratio over the naive algorithm, 13% over the Tabu-ITP algorithm, and 10% over the MSS algorithm. Moreover, the algorithm exhibits a higher scheduling success ratio under large-scale TSN.
Collaborative Optimization of Vessel Stowage Planning and Yard Pickup in Automated Container Terminals
Authors: Huang Pengfei , Wang Yongjin , Zhang Pengfei
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to minimize the number of container-rehandling operations in both the yard and on the ship in order to solve the problem of coordinated optimization of ship loading and yard container retrieval and enhance the loading efficiency of automated container terminals,. An optimization model that integrates the optimized decision-making of both the container retrieval order from the yard and the ship’s space allocation is developed, and an improved cuckoo algorithm is employed to solve the optimization problem. This paper examines the influence of container retrieval order from the yard on rehandling within the yard, as well as the effect of the ship’s space allocation on subsequent rehandling operations at the unloading port. Experimental results demonstrate that the solution derived from the comprehensive optimization model based on the improved cuckoo algorithm considerably reduces the overall number of overturned containers. This confirms that the proposed optimization model effectively enhances loading efficiency and reduces container rehandling both in the yard and on the ship. The analysis of experimental results indicates that the model and algorithm proposed in this paper have certain applicability.
Male Sex Is an Associated Factor for Delayed Bone Union Following Hybrid Closed-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Kikuchi Naoya , Arai Norihito , Okuno Kosuke , Kanamori Akihiro
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Although hybrid closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an effective procedure for varus knee osteoarthritis, delayed bone union is a frequent occurrence. The rate of bone union and its associated factors remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the detailed process of bone union in hybrid closed-wedge HTO using computed tomography (CT) and to examine factors associated with delayed bone union. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 53 consecutive patients who underwent hybrid closed-wedge HTO. Cases with no bone union at any of five sites (anterior flange, posterior, lateral, hinge, and medial) on coronal and sagittal computed tomography at 3 months postoperatively were defined as delayed bone union. Regression analysis was performed with delayed bone union as the dependent variable and sex, age, height, body weight, body mass index, correction distance, smoking, and diabetes mellitus as independent variables. Results: Among 50 analyzed knees (mean age, 61.4 ± 7.8 years), 17 (34.0%) had delayed bone union at 3 months postoperatively and one knee had screw breakage. Sex was the only significant factor associated with delayed bone union (male: β = 2.1, p < 0.004). Conclusions: Delayed bone union (absence at 3 months after hybrid closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy) occurred in 34% of patients, and male sex was associated with delayed bone union.