bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disclosure Causes of Students Error in Resolving Discrete Mathematics Problems Based on NEA as A Means of Enhancing Creativity
Authors: Junaedi Iwan , Suyitno Amin , Sugiharti Endang , Eng Chin Kin
Published: August 2016

This article is based on research cooperation of Foreign Affairs in the first year, which was
carried out between the team of lecturers from the Department of Mathematics Education
Unnes (Indonesia) with Dr. Chin Kin Eng, a lecture of Mathematics Education from Universiti
Malaysia Sabah. The main objective of this research in the first year is to uncover the cause of
the students error in resolving Discrete Mathematics by Newman Errors Analysis (NEA). The
Results of this research will be used as the basis for the subsequent research that reveal the
mathematical creativity of the students. Outcomes of this research is the publication of research
results in the International Journal and seminar at the international level. As a qualitative
research, data collection through an analysis of the results of tests, questionnaires, observations,
and interviews. Data analysis are data reduction, exposure of data, synthesising the data,
triangulation, and the inference/verification. According to research, known that students errors
in resolving discrete mathematics caused by: (1) the student did not know the meaning of a
symbol or an existing term in the problem (Reading Errors), (2) the student did not understand
the meaning of the problem, namely the student fails to write what is known and what is being
asked (Comprehension Errors), (3) students forgot a formula that will be used or
strategy/procedure what to do (Transformation Errors), (4) students could not make the
problem-solving algorithms in sequence and correctly (Process Skills Errors), (5) the student
could not answer according to the question (Encoding Errors), and (6) the student could not
translate well, especially about which was written in English (Language Errors). Errors caused
by carelessness students (Careless Errors) was not found. After giving Learning Therapy for
the provision to resolve a problem through the algorithm and the correct sequence, the causes
of the error of some students could be minimized, so that the number of students who were
experiencing errors could also be reduced. Results of this research became the basis for
continued research in the second year, which will be revealed and developed the mathematical
creativity of students with prepare advanced research instruments.
Introducing Complex Situations in Primary Education:Their Impact on Student’s Results in Terms of Equity
Authors: Sebaganwa Alphonse
Published: August 2016

This paper examined the equity of using complex situations in teaching Science and
Elementary Technology in 20 primary schools, 38 classes (only fourth years), located in Huye
district in Rwanda. The sample was divided into four groups: 9 classes practiced the “teaching
situations”, 9 dealt with “integration situations”, 9 mixed “teaching and integration situations”
and 11 classes made a “reference group” that did not use any of those approaches.
One pre-test and three post-tests have been done by learners from those classes during the 2012
school year. Every test had a “resource” test and a “situation” test with a similar level of
difficulties. The analysis indicated progressive increase of marks, especially, for the classes
which practiced the “integration situations”. The findings showed a priority of starting with the
“integration situations” for the development of the learner’s autonomy and of a cognitive
development.
Metaphors about the Concept of 'Museum' of 4th Graders in One Elementary School in Turkey
Authors: Taş Ayşe Mentiş , Yıldız Nihal
Published: August 2016

Museums, which have the aim of protecting the cultural heritage, are places used not only to preserve and exhibit the materials from the past, but also to use these materials in accordance with educational purposes. The aim of this study is to determine the views of 4th graders in elementary schools on the concept of 'museum' through metaphors. The study group consisted of 52 fourth graders who were attending an elementary school during the school year of 2014-2015 and who had visited a museum before. In the study, some forms with the statement ''Museums are like ….., because …..'' were delivered to the students and they were asked to complete the statement by filling in the blanks. In the study, it was attempted to answer these two questions: 1) which metaphors do the 4th graders have about the concept of 'museum'? 2) According to their common features, under which categories those metaphors suggested by the students about the concept ‘museum' could be categorized? To analyze the data, the content analysis method was used. In the study, the categories were named as 'traveling to the past,' 'providing information,' 'exhibition,' 'reflection' and 'preservation.'
The Effect of a Group Counseling Program in Training in Communication Skills to Improve Self-Esteem and Adjustment in Male Children to Divorced Parents
Authors: Abu-Albasal D-Nagham Mohammad
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to measure the impact of training on communication skills to improve
self-esteem and adapt children to divorced parents.
The study sample consisted of (12) participants in mail children to divorced parents in the
eighth grade in the school of Directorate of Education – Balqa Governorate for the scholastic
year calendar 2012-2013.
The study sample was divided into two groups:- first an experimental group of (6) students
were subjected to collective guidance program on training for communication skills
consisting of eight sessions. Second a control group consisting of (6) students were not
exposed to any address.
The participants in both groups answered a scale of self-esteem and adjustment scale before
and after the application of the program. Results indicated the effectiveness of training on
communication skills program where appeared statistically significant differences in favor of
the experimental group compared to the control group in self-esteem and in the level of
adaption.
Accounting Learning Management on Curriculum 2013 Based on Lesson Study at Vocational School Surakarta
Authors: Suyatmini Suyatmini , Sarjono Yetty , Asmawati Titik , Rohmah Wafrotur
Published: August 2016

The research aim is to describe management learning accounting on curriculum 2013 that is conducted by Vocational School teachers at Surakarta. Data gathering methods used are; interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis technique used is interactive analysis that is involved data gathering, reduction, display, and verification. The research result showed that not all of accounting teachers at Vocational School Surakarta in arranging planning of learning conducting, learning conducting and accounting learning evaluation to implement curriculum 2013. Vocational School curriculum at Surakarta still using two curriculums, those are; Education set level curriculum and curriculum 2013. It still can be found that there are some problems on accounting Vocational School teachers at Surakarta in related with curriculum 2013 involving the difficulty in arranging the learning set of curriculum 2013, the problems on accounting learning process used scientific approach, or difficulty in authentic evaluation.
Brief Review on the Controversies around Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Production and Palm Oil Consumption
Authors: Ntsefong Godswill Ntsomboh , Ngalle-Bille Hermine , Ajambang Walter , Likeng-Li-Ngue Benoit Constant , Kingsley Tabi-Mbi , Bell Joseph Martin , Youmbi Emmanuel
Published: August 2016

Palm oil from Elaeis guineensis Jacq. of the Arecaceae family is the main traditional cooking oil in most parts of tropical Africa. Oil palm cultivation requires large areas of land and the consumption of crude palm oil from it raises health concerns notably with regards to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and obesity. The industry has therefore been faced with two major controversies. Firstly, palm oil which contains about 50% saturated fatty acids is considered to be unhealthy for human consumption because its saturated fatty acids raise blood LDL cholesterol level and increase the risk of the above mentioned diseases. Secondly, due to its land intensive nature, the oil palm industry is linked to deforestation, climate change and socioeconomic instability. For these reasons, the oil palm industry has been at the forefront of environmental and reputational challenges. This paper briefly presents an overview of these controversies surrounding the oil palm industry, while highlighting the possible outlets for environmentally friendly production processes and improvement strategies for better oil quality.
Explaining Cultural Capital through Combining Different Dimensions of Social Capital: A Fussy Analysis Based on Artificial Neural Network Approach (ANNFIS) (A Case Study of Citizens Aged 18 and Above in Tehran)
Authors: Ebrahimi Ghorbanali , Razeghimaleh Hadi
Published: August 2016

The main objective of this study was to find out whether social capital and its dimensions affect the cultural capital of citizens in Tehran, and whether there is any difference in the social capital and cultural capital in the north and south urban neighborhoods. To answer these questions, a fuzzy questionnaire for collecting the data was designed. The research method in this study was based on Artificial Neural Network -Fuzzy Inference System (ANNFIS). Statistical population included individuals aged 18 and above residing in Tehran, and sample size consisted of 2538 people.

The findings of this study indicated that there is a significant difference in the cultural capital between north and south neighborhoods in Tehran. The mean of cultural capital in the south neighborhoods (2.49 out of 10) was higher than that of north neighborhoods (6.77 out of 10). Furthermore, the degree of neighborhood social capital was different between the north and south neighborhoods of Tehran, and this difference was statistically significant, so that the mean of social capital in the south neighborhoods (6.75 out of 10) was greater than that of north neighborhoods (2.88 out of 10).
Multivariate linear regression analysis to explain cultural capital has revealed that social trust (- 0.502) and relation networks (- 0.087) exerted the highest and lowest impact on the dependent variable, respectively. It should be noted that, of the three variables entered into the regression equation, all variables have remained in the equation. It should be noted that the effects of all variables on the dependent variable of cultural capital was negative.
BENS REVERSÍVEIS NAS CONCESSÕES PÚBLICAS: A INVIABILIDADE DE UMA TEORIA GERAL
Authors: Sundfeld Carlos Ari , Câmara Jacintho Arruda
Published: August 2016

O estudo compara as experiências de reversão de bens nas concessões públicas clássicas (reversão patrimonialista ou fechada) com aquelas nas concessões modernas (reversão funcional ou aberta), concluindo que a determinação dos bens reversíveis em cada caso não pode ser orientada por uma teoria geral da reversibilidade em direito administrativo. Tal teoria é juridicamente inviável, pois a existência, extensão e modo da reversibilidade dependem de aspectos que variam setor a setor e contrato a contrato.
Development of a remote sensing-based rice yield forecasting model
Authors: Mosleh Mostafa K. , Hassan Quazi K. , Chowdhury Ehsan H.
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to develop a remote sensing-based method for forecasting rice yield by considering vegetation greenness conditions during initial and peak greenness stages of the crop; and implemented for “boro” rice in Bangladeshi context. In this research, we used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived two 16-day composite of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images at 250 m spatial resolution acquired during the initial (January 1 to January 16) and peak greenness (March 23/24 to April 6/7 depending on leap year) stages in conjunction with secondary datasets (i.e., boro suitability map, and ground-based information) during 2007-2012 period. The method consisted of two components: (i) developing a model for delineating area under rice cultivation before harvesting; and (ii) forecasting rice yield as a function of NDVI. Our results demonstrated strong agreements between the model (i.e., MODIS-based) and ground-based area estimates during 2010-2012 period, i.e., coefficient of determination (R2); root mean square error (RMSE); and relative error (RE) in between 0.93 to 0.95; 30,519 to 37,451 ha; and ±10% respectively at the 23 district-levels. We also found good agreements between forecasted (i.e., MODIS-based) and ground-based yields during 2010-2012 period (R2 between 0.76 and 0.86; RMSE between 0.21 and 0.29 Mton/ha, and RE between -5.45% and 6.65%) at the 23 district-levels. We believe that our developments of forecasting the boro rice yield would be useful for the decision makers in addressing food security in Bangladesh.
Short communication: Emergence of a new race of leaf rust with combined virulence to Lr14a and Lr72 genes on durum wheat
Authors: Soleiman Nour H. , Solis Ignacio , Soliman Mahmoud H. , Sillero Josefa C. , Villegas Dolors , Alvaro Fanny , Royo Conxita , Serra Joan , Ammar Karim , Martínez-Moreno Fernando
Published: August 2016

Leaf rust is a foliar disease caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina that may severely reduce durum wheat yield. Resistance to this pathogen is common in modern durum germplasm but is frequently based on Lr72 and Lr14a. After accounts of races with virulence to Lr14a gene in France in 2000, the present study reports the detection in 2013 for the first time of a new race with virulence to Lr14a and Lr72. The aim of this work was to characterize the virulence pattern of four Spanish isolates with virulence to Lr14a, and to discuss the consequences of this presence. Rusted leaves from cultivars ‘Don Jaime’ (Lr14a) and ‘Gallareta’ (Lr72) were collected in 2013 in the field at two Spanish sites, one in the south (near Cadiz) and another in the north (near Girona). Spores from single pustule for each cultivar and site were multiplied on susceptible cultivar ‘Don Rafael’. Then, the four isolates were inoculated on a set of 19 isogenic lines Thatcher to characterize their virulence spectrum. All isolates presented the same virulence pattern. They were virulent on both Lr14a and Lr72 and the race was named DBB/BS. This race was very similar to those reported in 2009-11, but with added virulence to Lr14a. The resistance based on Lr14a has therefore been overcome in Spain, by a new race that has likely emerged via stepwise mutation from the local predominating races. This information is important to guide breeders in their breeding programmes and gene deployment strategies.
Short communication: QTL mapping for ear tip-barrenness in maize
Authors: Ding Junqiang , Ma Jinliang , Chen Jiafa , Ai Tangshun , Li Zhimin , Tian Zhiqiang , Wu Suowei , Chen Wei , Wu Jianyu
Published: August 2016

Barren tip on corn ear is an important agronomic trait in maize, which is highly associated with grain yield. Understanding the genetic basis of tip-barrenness may help to reduce the ear tip-barrenness in breeding programs. In this study, ear tip-barrenness was evaluated in two environments in a F2:3 population, and it showed significant genotypic variation for ear tip-barrenness in both environments. Using mixed-model composite interval mapping method, three additive effects quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ear tip-barrenness were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6, respectively. They explained 16.6% of the phenotypic variation, and no significant QTL × Environment interactions and digenic interactions were detected. The results indicated that additive effect was the main genetic basis for ear tip-barrenness in maize. This is the first report of QTL mapped for ear tip-barrenness in maize.
Black Ascites: An interesting presentation of pancreatic duct leak
Authors: Ascha Mustafa S , Ascha Mona , Hanouneh Ibrahim
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Common causes of ascites include liver cirrhosis, heart failure, and malignancy. Pancreatic etiology is lesscommon for ascites, but is most often a result of chronic pancreatitis secondary to alcoholic liver damage or pancreatic duct leak.Case description: The following case describes a patient with black-colored ascites secondary to pancreatic duct leak after totalcolectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. The colectomy was indicated by MYH-positive polyposis, and the there was no knownprior liver or pancreas disease. Management included pancreatic duct stent placement, and drains from the pancreatic tail.Discussion: Pancreatic etiology is rare among ascites diagnoses; this case is even rarer due to gross appearance of the asciticfluid and its iatrogenic cause.
Humanitarian Demining and Sustainable Land Management in Post-Conflict Settings in Sri Lanka: Literature Review
Authors: Gunawardana Harshi , Tantrigoda Dammika A. , Kumara U. Anura
Published: August 2016

Systematic humanitarian demining carried out with care is an essential prerequisite for sustainable land management in post conflict settings. Degradation of land and pollution of water, soil and vegetation, as well as poisonous gas emissions that may even contribute to climate change, can be reduced significantly by humanitarian demining practices. Such practices simultaneously conserve natural resources and increase yields which results to sustainable land management. Mine Risk Education which is a major component of humanitarian demining, will have a lasting impact on people’s knowledge, attitudes and practices related to landmines making a positive contribution towards sustainable land management. This paper utilizes research publications from refereed journals and mine action authorities as well as ground information using the systematic literature review (SLR) method. The study investigates relations between humanitarian demining and sustainable land management in post conflict settings with a classic example from North East Sri Lanka. The practical implications for demining operators are that they can implement the strategies to improve the prevailing sustainable land management conditions of the communities in Sri Lanka and elsewhere.
Aspectos de la Reforma en Aragón a finales del reinado del Emperador. El proceso del rector Miguel Monterde
Authors: Boeglin Michel
Published: September 2016

El clérigo presbítero Miguel Monterde (1505?-1571), fue racionero de la Seo de Zaragoza y rector de una rectoría en Villanueva de la Huerva. Antiguo estudiante de Alcalá, tuvo allí como maestro al doctor Juan Gil, comúnmente conocido como el Doctor Egidio, que posteriormente sería uno de los principales difusores de la sensibilidad reformada en Castilla y Aragón. En 1558, la Inquisición procesó a Monterde por sus estrechos contactos con su antiguo maestro así como con otro discípulo de éste, Juan Pérez de Pineda. La relación del proceso de Miguel Monterde, inédita, aporta relevante información sobre la actuación de Egidio después de su condena de 1552 y el sistema de captación de fondos y de distribución de obras protestantes en castellano publicadas en Ginebra.
Acknowledging Librarians’ Contributions to Systematic Review Searching
Authors: Desmeules Robin , Campbell Sandy , Dorgan Marlene
Published: August 2016

Abstract

 

Introduction

Academic health librarians are increasingly involved as members of research teams that conduct systematic reviews. Sometimes librarians are co-authors on the resulting publications, sometimes they are acknowledged, and sometimes they receive no recognition. This study was designed to query librarian supervisors’ understanding of the extent to which Canadian academic health librarians are involved in systematic reviews and the manner in which their work is recognized.

 

Methods

A survey asking 21 questions was sent to supervisors of librarians at all 17 academic health sciences libraries in Canada, querying the extent and nature of librarians’ involvement in systematic review research projects and the forms of acknowledgement that they receive.

 

Results

Fourteen responses to the survey were received.  Results show strong expectations that librarians are involved, and will be involved, in systematic review research projects.  Results related to the number of reviews undertaken, the amount of time required, the forms of acknowledgement received, and the professional value of systematic review searching varied greatly.

 

Discussion

The lack of consensus among academic health librarians’ supervisors regarding most aspects of librarians’ involvement in systematic review projects, and the ways in which this work is and should be acknowledged, points to the need for research on this subject. 

 
Considerações em torno de dois modelos-limites de Ensino
Authors: Barros José Costa D'Assunção
Published: September 2016

Propõe-se desenvolver uma argumentação em torno da oposição entre dois modelos limites de ensino – tema que se encontra em permanente debate: o ensino que se ampara na ideia de transmissão de conhecimento, e o ensino que se ampara na ideia de produção de conhecimento. O texto não propõe discutir bibliografia sobre o tema e seus assuntos correlatos, mas apenas apresentar algumas posições do autor no sentido de estimular o debate em torno de uma questão que está sempre em pauta na prática cotidiana do ensino.

 

ABSTRACT

It is proposed to develop an argumentation, in relation to a permanent debate, about the opposition between two models of Education: that based in the idea of transmission of knowledge, and that based on the notion of production of knowledge. The text does not proposes to discuss bibliography about the theme and its correlated aspects, bur only to present some positions of the author in the sense of to stimulate the debate around a question that is ever present in the quotidian practice of Education.

Keywords: Production of Knowledge. Transmission of Knowledge. Models of Education.
OBSERVAÇÕES E MODELAGEM DA CAMADA LIMITE INTERNA NO ENTORNO DE EXTENSOS SISTEMAS AQUÁTICOS
Authors: Assireu Arcilan Trevenzoli , Pimenta Felipe Mendonça , Freitas Ramon Morais de
Published: August 2016

The determination of the spatial extent of the internal boundary layer (IBL) across a step change in surface roughness and surface heat flux and temperature is an important environmental aspect to the operation of industries, fossil-fuel, nuclear and wind power plants. The IBL of the land-water transition zone, such as in coastal regions, lakes and reservoirs, is strongly influenced by surface properties, as the roughness and stability change considerably within this zone. An observational study was conducted to measure meteorological properties near a large tropical reservoir and investigate the IBL at the water-land transition. A 42 m height meteorological mast was instrumented with sonic wind anemometers, air temperature and relative humidity sensors at 3, 10, 20 and 40 m height. Comparisons of the log profile model with the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOS) and the observed wind profiles, shown that the MOS estimated the wind profile more accurately, especially if winds were from water to land.
Post-Grant Review of U.S. Patents: A Primer
Authors: Miller Stefan Michael , Springsted Gregory R.
Published: September 2016

The validity of an issued U.S. patent may be challenged in a number of forums including the courts and before the United States Patent & Trademark Office. With the enactment of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act in 2011, a number of important changes to post-grant review of patents have occurred. This article provides an overview of available options.
Technology Commercialization & Partnerships for Global Health
Authors: Pestonjamasp Vasu
Published: September 2016

Innovative agreements and partnership models are discussed.
Phylogenomic analysis supports the ancestral presence of LPS-outer membranes in the Firmicutes
Authors: Antunes Luisa CS , Poppleton Daniel , Klingl Andreas , Criscuolo Alexis , Dupuy Bruno , Brochier-Armanet Céline , Beloin Christophe , Gribaldo Simonetta
Published: August 2016

One of the major unanswered questions in evolutionary biology is when and how the transition between diderm (two membranes) and monoderm (one membrane) cell envelopes occurred in Bacteria. The Negativicutes and the Halanaerobiales belong to the classically monoderm Firmicutes, but possess outer membranes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS-OM). Here, we show that they form two phylogenetically distinct lineages, each close to different monoderm relatives. In contrast, their core LPS biosynthesis enzymes were inherited vertically, as in the majority of bacterial phyla. Finally, annotation of key OM systems in the Halanaerobiales and the Negativicutes shows a puzzling combination of monoderm and diderm features. Together, these results support the hypothesis that the LPS-OMs of Negativicutes and Halanaerobiales are remnants of an ancient diderm cell envelope that was present in the ancestor of the Firmicutes, and that the monoderm phenotype in this phylum is a derived character that arose multiple times independently through OM loss.
Direct growth of multilayer graphene by precipitation using W capping layer
Authors: Yamada Jumpei , Ueda Yuki , Maruyama Takahiro , Naritsuka Shigeya
Published: September 2016

In this study, the direct growth of multilayer graphene from amorphous carbon on a sapphire (0001) substrate by precipitation using a nickel catalyst layer and a tungsten capping layer was examined. The findings revealed that a tungsten carbide layer was formed on top of the catalyst, and this suppressed the diffusion of carbon atoms upwards towards the surface. This caused the graphene layer to precipitate below the catalyst layer rather than above it. Under optimized growth conditions, Raman spectroscopy indicated that a high-quality graphene layer was formed with a low D/G peak intensity ratio of 0.10.
Dendrobium armeniacum P.J.Cribb, a new record for Indonesian New Guinea
Authors: Juswara Lina S. , Schuiteman André
Published: September 2016

Dendrobium armeniacum P.J.Cribb is recorded from Papua Province, Indonesia, for the first time. A description, illustration, and images of this rarely collected species are here presented.
A review on mortality risks associated with antipsychotic use in behavioral and psychologic symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
Authors: Hui Thng Shu , Wong Agnes , Wijesinghe Ruki
Published: August 2016

Introduction: As the population ages, the prevalence rate of behavioral and psychologic symptoms of dementia (BPSD) rises, and there appears to be an increasing need for pharmacologic treatment where nonpharmacologic treatment would not suffice. Most clinicians are well aware of the increased risks of cerebrovascular event and mortality from antipsychotic use in older adults with dementia. Nevertheless, mortality risks reported in various publications still vary considerably and lack consistency to allow direct comparison between individual drugs.

Methods: A literature search was conducted for primary and secondary sources of evidence regarding the mortality risks associated with antipsychotic use in BPSD.

Results: Available evidence suggests that antipsychotics are indeed associated with elevated risks of cerebrovascular adverse events and mortality. There is also evidence suggestive of a varied risk among individual agents, and a dose-response as well as a time-response relationship.

Discussion: This review aims to provide an updated overview of the publications available on mortality data and risks associated with antipsychotic dose and duration of use. Confounders and limitations are discussed to allow clinicians to better make judgment calls on assessing risks and benefits when treating BPSD with an antipsychotic.
Factors to assess depression in homebound older adults
Authors: Thomas Jennifer E. , Jacobs Robin J. , Caballero Joshua , Ownby Raymond L. , Lessmann Elizabeth M. , Mallare Kayla , Adler Mark
Published: August 2016

Introduction: The number of homebound older adults is expected to increase as the elderly population grows. Many homebound older persons may be at high risk for depression, which has been associated with adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify selected factors that may predict depression in the homebound older population.

Methods: Data from 340 homebound adults, aged 65 and older who were enrolled in Broward Meals on Wheels and who participated in a telephone survey were analyzed. Participants were asked to report demographic information, health status, medication-taking behaviors, mental health, and life satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of depressed mood in this sample of older adults.

Results: The majority of the sample (aged 65–95 years; mean, 77 years) were female (76.5%), white (77.1%), and living alone (52.6%). Multivariate modeling indicated that difficulty remembering the number of prescribed medications to be taken, feeling groggy after taking certain medications, poor self-reported health status, taking anxiety medications, and less satisfaction with life explained 34% (adjusted R2) of the variance in predicting depressed mood (F = 33.1, df = 5, P < .001).

Discussion: Multiple factors related to medication use were identified that may contribute to higher levels of depressed mood in homebound older adults. These factors found in our study may be used to create a screening model to be used by pharmacists to identify homebound older adults who would benefit from further assessment for depression.
Evaluation of adherence in patients prescribed long-acting injectable antipsychotics: A comparison of biweekly versus monthly administered neuroleptics
Authors: Carr Chelsea N. , Hall Colleen P. , Roche-Desilets Jennifer E. , Burant Christopher J. , Fuller Matthew A.
Published: August 2016

Background: Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) have been developed to decrease medication nonadherence. LAIAs are usually given biweekly or monthly, with the exception of new 3-month and 6-week formulations. There has been no known evaluation regarding whether the frequency of LAIA formulation affects adherence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there is a difference in adherence between LAIAs administered biweekly or monthly.

Methods: Eligible participants were identified from the Louis Stokes Cleveland VA electronic medical record as having an active prescription for a LAIA between September 1, 2009, and September 1, 2014. Participants were then evaluated using inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine study entrance. Medication possession ratios (MPRs) were calculated for each participant to determine adherence for comparison of objectives. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used to identify significant differences between groups.

Results: There were 128 participants enrolled based on eligibility criteria. There were no differences in MPRs for biweekly versus monthly administered LAIAs (0.98 versus 0.97, respectively; P = .691). No differences in adherence were observed between first- and second-generation LAIAs (0.98 versus 0.98, respectively; P = .975), or for risperidone LAI versus paliperidone palmitate (0.97 versus 0.99, respectively; P = .269). Hospitalizations were observed to decrease by 61% after LAIA initiation (P = .021).

Discussion: Based on the findings of this retrospective cohort review, there was no difference in adherence in patients prescribed biweekly versus monthly injected LAIAs. Patient preference and response, safety, tolerability, cost, and availability of follow-up appointments should be other factors to take into consideration for agent selection.
OPA1 functionally interacts with MIC60 but is dispensable for crista junction formation
Authors: Barrera Miguel , Koob Sebastian , Dikov Daniel , Vogel Frank , Reichert Andreas S.
Published: September 2016

Remodeling of crista junctions (CJs) is observed in numerous human disorders and during apoptosis. The functional interplay of OPA1 and MIC60, two key players in this context, is unclear. We show that OPA1 modulates cristae morphology but is dispensable for CJ formation. MIC60 is strongly enriched at CJs, whereas OPA1 is distributed evenly across the inner membrane. MIC60 levels are increased in OPA1−/− cells which show increased cellular resistance to apoptosis induction. Endogenous OPA1 and MIC60 show a physical interaction. Overall, we suggest that the regulation of CJ remodeling during apoptosis is mediated via an interplay between OPA1 and MIC60.
CO2 methanation: Optimal start‐up control of a fixed‐bed reactor for power‐to‐gas applications
Authors: Bremer Jens , Rätze Karsten H. G. , Sundmacher Kai
Published: September 2016

Utilizing volatile renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind) for chemical production systems requires a deeper understanding of their dynamic operation modes. Taking the example of a methanation reactor in the context of power‐to‐gas applications, a dynamic optimization approach is used to identify control trajectories for a time optimal reactor start‐up avoiding distinct hot spot formation. For the optimization, we develop a dynamic, two‐dimensional model of a fixed‐bed tube reactor for carbon dioxide methanation which is based on the reaction scheme of the underlying exothermic Sabatier reaction mechanism. While controlling dynamic hot spot formation inside the catalyst bed, we prove the applicability of our methodology and investigate the feasibility of dynamic carbon dioxide methanation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 23–31, 2017
Gout and Risk of Fracture in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Paik Julie M. , Kim Seoyoung C. , Feskanich Diane , Choi Hyon K. , Solomon Daniel H. , Curhan Gary C.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Uric acid may be linked to bone health through its antioxidant or prooxidant effects, thereby affecting bone resorption and formation, or through its dual inhibition of vitamin D activation and parathyroid hormone production. Results of prior studies on the relationship between uric acid and bone mineral density have been conflicting. This prospective study was undertaken to examine the relationship between gout, a disease characterized by hyperuricemia and inflammation, and risk of hip or wrist fracture in women.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study of gout and risk of incident wrist and hip fracture in women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study (n = 103,799 at baseline, with 14 years of follow‐up for the wrist fracture analysis and 22 years of follow‐up for the hip fracture analysis). Gout history and incident cases of wrist and hip fracture were assessed by biennial questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to simultaneously adjust for potential confounders.

Results

In this cohort, there were 3,769 incident wrist fractures (1990–2004) and 2,147 incident hip fractures (1990–2012), with 107 wrist fractures and 117 hip fractures occurring in participants with gout. In those women with a history of gout compared with women without gout, the multivariable‐adjusted relative risk of wrist fracture was 1.12 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.92–1.36) and the multivariable‐adjusted relative risk of hip fracture was 1.38 (95% CI 1.14–1.68).

Conclusion

In women, a history of gout is associated with a modestly increased risk of hip fracture, but not significantly associated with a risk of wrist fracture.
Anatomical sciences: A foundation for a solid learning experience in dental technology and dental prosthetics
Authors: Bakr Mahmoud M. , Thompson C. Mark , Massadiq Magdalena
Published: September 2016

Basic science courses are extremely important as a foundation for scaffolding knowledge and then applying it in future courses, clinical situations as well as in a professional career. Anatomical sciences, which include tooth morphology, oral histology, oral embryology, and head and neck anatomy form a core part of the preclinical courses in dental technology programs. In this article, the importance and relevance of anatomical sciences to dental personnel with no direct contact with patients (dental technicians) and limited discipline related contact with patients (dental prosthetists) is highlighted. Some light is shed on the role of anatomical sciences in the pedagogical framework and its significance in the educational process and interprofessional learning of dental technicians and prosthetists using oral biology as an example in the dental curriculum. To conclude, anatomical sciences allow dental technicians and prosthetists to a gain a better insight of how tissues function, leading to a better understanding of diagnosis, comprehensive treatment planning and referrals if needed. Patient communication and satisfaction also increases as a result of this deep understanding of oral tissues. Anatomical sciences bridge the gap between basic science, preclinical, and clinical courses, which leads to a holistic approach in patient management. Finally, treatment outcomes are positively affected due to the appreciation of the macro and micro structure of oral tissues. Anat Sci Educ 10: 395–404. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
A Holistic Conception of Nonacademic Support: How Four Mechanisms Combine to Encourage Positive Student Outcomes in the Community College
Authors: Mechur Karp Melinda
Published: September 2016

Despite their best efforts, community colleges continue to see low rates of student persistence and degree attainment. Although such outcomes can be attributed in large part to students’ lack of academic readiness, nonacademic issues also play a part. Building on Karp's 2011 framework of nonacademic support, this chapter explores the evidence that holistic support can encourage community college students’ success.
Promising Practices and Programs: Current Efforts and Future Directions
Authors: Crisp Gloria
Published: September 2016

The final chapter of the issue provides a synthesis of the first eight chapters, offers conclusions and recommendations, and considers future directions regarding practices and programs with promise for high impact at community colleges around the country.
Heat convection and radiation in flighted rotary kilns: A minimal model
Authors: Le Guen Laurédan , Piton Maxime , Hénaut Quentin , Huchet Florian , Richard Patrick
Published: September 2016

We propose a minimal model aiming to describe heat transfer between particles (i.e. grains) and gases in a model of flighted rotary kilns. It considers a channel in which a convective gas interacts with a granular suspension and a granular bed. Despite its simplicity it captures the main experimental findings in the case of dilute suspension of heavy grains typical of what can be observed in many industrial rotary kilns. Energy balance between each phase takes into account the main heat transfer mechanisms between the transverse granular motion and the convective gas. In the absence of radiation heat transfer, the model predicts exponential variations of the temperatures characterized by a length which depends on the granular and gas heat flow rates as well as on the exchange areas. When radiation is taken into account, the model can be solved numerically. For this case, the temperature variations can be fitted by stretched exponentials whose parameters are found to be independent of the studied phases. Finally, an efficiency criterion is proposed to optimize the length of the system.
Residual Ischemic Risk and Its Determinants in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction and Without Prior Stroke or TIA: Insights From the REACH Registry
Authors: Abtan Jérémie , Bhatt Deepak L. , Elbez Yedid , Sorbets Emmanuel , Eagle Kim , Ikeda Yasuo , Wu David , Hanson Mary E. , Hannachi Hakima , Singhal Puneet K. , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Ducrocq Gregory ,   on Behalf of the REACH Registry Investigators
Published: September 2016

Background

Although the rate of in‐hospital ischemic events after myocardial infarction (MI) has dramatically decreased, long‐term residual risk may remain substantial. However, most of the information on current residual risk is derived from highly selected randomized trials.

Hypothesis

In patients with previous MI and no prior ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), residual ischemic risk increases over time.

Methods

Using the international Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry, we analyzed baseline characteristics and 4‐year follow‐up of patients with previous MI and no history of stroke/TIA to describe annual rates of recurrent ischemic events globally and by geography. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke. Multivariate analysis identified risk factors associated with recurrent ischemic events.

Results

Data from 16 770 patients enrolled at 5587 sites in 44 countries were analyzed. The rate of the primary outcome increased annually from 4.7% during year 1 to reach a 4‐year rate of 15.1%. Compared with North America, Japan experienced lower ischemic event rates (P < 0.01), whereas Eastern Europe (P < 0.01) and the Middle East (P = 0.01) experienced higher ischemic event rates. The presence of congestive heart failure, polyvascular disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and older age were associated with increased residual risk (all P < 0.01). Statin use was associated with lower ischemic risk (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

In this study, residual ischemic risk after MI accrued progressively up to 4 years of follow‐up, emphasizing the value of intensive secondary prevention strategies to minimize residual risk.
Lead and Antimony Removal from Contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation Combined with an Immobilization Material
Authors: Katoh Masahiko , Hashimoto Kazuki , Sato Takeshi
Published: September 2016

Phytoextraction (PE) requires long periods for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil, even when using a hyperaccumulator. Thus, we designed a new phytoremediation technique called phytosuction separation (PS‐S), in which a material that immobilized heavy metals was placed onto contaminated soil and plants were grown on the upper layer of this material. Heavy metals in the soil were transported toward the upper layer by the water suction effect of the roots and immobilized by the material and then removed from the contaminated soil. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of PS‐S to remove lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) from the soil. We found that evapotranspiration and shoot biomass were significantly higher in plants grown using PS‐S than those grown using PE. The pot experiment demonstrated that PS‐S was effective in removing Pb and Sb, and the concentrations of Pb and Sb removed by PS‐S were 8–25 and 69–533 times higher than that removed by PE, respectively. Sb could be effectively removed by PS‐S from contaminated soil where the concentration of Sb removed corresponded to 166–380% of water‐soluble Sb in contaminated soil. This study clearly demonstrated that PS‐S was effective in removing Pb and Sb from the contaminated soil and would be particularly useful for removing elements with high mobility.
A dimensional approach to modeling symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders in the marmoset monkey
Authors: Oikonomidis Lydia , Santangelo Andrea M. , Shiba Yoshiro , Clarke F. Hannah , Robbins Trevor W. , Roberts Angela C.
Published: September 2016

Some patients suffering from the same neuropsychiatric disorder may have no overlapping symptoms whilst others may share symptoms common to other distinct disorders. Therefore, the Research Domain Criteria initiative recognises the need for better characterisation of the individual symptoms on which to focus symptom‐based treatment strategies. Many of the disorders involve dysfunction within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and so the marmoset, due to their highly developed PFC and small size, is an ideal species for studying the neurobiological basis of the behavioural dimensions that underlie these symptoms.Here we focus on a battery of tests that address dysfunction spanning the cognitive (cognitive inflexibility and working memory), negative valence (fear generalisation and negative bias) and positive valence (anhedonia) systems pertinent for understanding disorders such as ADHD, Schizophrenia, Anxiety, Depression and OCD. Parsing the separable prefrontal and striatal circuits and identifying the selective neurochemical modulation (serotonin vs dopamine) that underlie cognitive dysfunction have revealed counterparts in the clinical domain. Aspects of the negative valence system have been explored both at individual‐ (trait anxiety and genetic variation in serotonin transporter) and circuit‐based levels enabling the understanding of generalisation processes, negative biases and differential responsiveness to SSRIs. Within the positive valence system, the combination of cardiovascular and behavioural measures provides a framework for understanding motivational, anticipatory and consummatory aspects of anhedonia and their neurobiological mechanisms. Together, the direct comparison of experimental findings in marmosets with clinical studies is proving an excellent translational model to address the behavioural dimensions and neurobiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms. © 2016 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 328–353, 2016
A new model order reduction strategy adapted to nonlinear problems in earthquake engineering
Authors: Bamer Franz , Amiri Abbas Kazemi , Bucher Christian
Published: September 2016

Earthquake dynamic response analysis of large complex structures, especially in the presence of nonlinearities, usually turns out to be computationally expensive. In this paper, the methodical developments of a new model order reduction strategy (MOR) based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method as well as its practical applicability to a realistic building structure are presented. The seismic performance of the building structure, a medical complex, is to be improved by means of base isolation realized by frictional pendulum bearings. According to the new introduced MOR strategy, a set of deterministic POD modes (transformation matrix) is assembled, which is derived based on the information of parts of the response history, so‐called snapshots, of the structure under a representative earthquake excitation. Subsequently, this transformation matrix is utilized to create reduced‐order models of the structure subjected to different earthquake excitations. These sets of nonlinear low‐order representations are now solved in a fractional amount of time in comparison with the computations of the full (non‐reduced) systems. The results demonstrate accurate approximations of the physical (full) responses by means of this new MOR strategy if the probable behavior of the structure has already been captured in the POD snapshots. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.