bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Body Mine: A Review of Human Remains within Romano-British Well and Shaft Deposits and Evidence for Multi-stage Mortuary Ritual in First-century a.d. Surrey
Authors: Green Ellen
Published: February 2025

This paper uses a case study of a shaft in Surrey, England, to illustrate the potential of traditionally overlooked material for increasing understanding of Romano-British minority mortuary rituals. Taphonomic analysis of a substantial assemblage of disarticulated human remains from a first-century a.d. quarry from the Nescot Former Animal Husbandry Centre in Ewell, Surrey, showed evidence of multi-stage post-mortem processing. This included decomposition of the remains within a protected environment followed by removal of certain skeletal elements. The assemblage is then contextualised against the treatment of human remains in other Romano-British shaft and well deposits. Finally, the material is compared to Iron Age examples of post-mortem processing, revealing the Nescot shaft is unlikely to be a direct continuation of pre-conquest practices.
What’s in Twins’ Names? Mixed Credit Reports/Twin Research Review: Treating Twins with Central Nervous System Infection; Twin Insights into COVID-19; Septal Aneurism in Monozygotic Twins; Twin Births via Assisted Reproduction vs. Natural Conception; Tribute to Dr. Helen E. Fisher/ Human Interest: Twins Rally for Twin Hostages; Tribute to the National Mothers of Twins Clubs Founder; Quadruplet Birth; Identical Twin Politician; Identical Twin Actresses
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: February 2025

Giving twins similar names places them at increased risk for mixed credit reports as they enter young adulthood and beyond. Attorneys specializing in this area of the law are often required to manage lawsuits againt the agencies responsible for such errors. This overview is followed by summaries of twin research and reports of treating twins with central nervous system infection, twins with COVID-19, and twins with septal aneurism, as well as a review of the comparative outcomes of twins born via assisted reproduction versus natural conception and a tribute to the late Dr Helen E. Fisher. Human interest items include a twins’ rally for Israeli twins held hostage in Gaza, a tribute to the founding member of the National Mothers of Twins Clubs (now Multiples of America), a quadruplet birth, an identical twin politician, and identical twin actresses.
Effects of Cloud Cover on Surface Sublimation at 4,817 m a.s.l. on the Flat‐Top August‐One Glacier of the Northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guo Shuhai , Li Yueping , Chen Rensheng , Han Chuntan
Published: February 2025

As a crucial role in earth's energy budget, cloud cover exerts great effects on climate change. Although existing sublimation studies across High Mountain Asia (HMA) glaciers have identified the importance of cloud cover in limiting sublimation, the primary/main factors limiting sublimation under high cloud cover conditions are unknown. Based on the 5‐year meteorological observation at the top of August‐one glacier in the northern Tibetan Plateau (TP), we analyzed the role of cloud cover on meteorological variables and sublimation. The cloud cover over this glacier was found to have distinct effects on the primary meteorological variables, causing the generally negative and positive temperature gradients in clear‐sky and overcast conditions, respectively. Additionally, the increase in cloud cover is associated with decreased near‐surface humidity gradient and wind speed, which is unfavorable for sublimation. Glacier sublimation was limited in overcast conditions, whereas the sublimation rate was about two‐and‐half times higher in clear‐sky conditions. We noted that the specific humidity gradient and wind speed combined as a more important role in determining sublimation based on the multiple linear regression analysis. Overall, on this westerly dominated glacier, the weak sublimation in overcast conditions was primarily associated with the combined effect of significantly higher air moisture and decreased wind speed. These results contribute to a better understanding of the link between near‐surface water vapor exchange between glaciers and the atmosphere.
Tidal Impact on Quiet‐Time Polar Thermosphere Zonal Winds During Northern Winter Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Authors: Kumari Komal , Bossert Katrina , Pedatella Nicholas M. , Thorsen Denise , Conde Mark
Published: February 2025

This study primarily examines the variability of zonal winds in the geomagnetic “quiet‐time” (AE index < 190 nT; Kp index < 2) thermosphere over Alaska (60–75°N) during the winter months from November 2018 to February 2019, and demonstrates a correlation of the meteor radar observed zonal winds at heights 82–98 km with Scanning Doppler Imager observed zonal wind variability at heights 120 and 250 km during nighttime. Notably, over Alaska following a mid‐winter sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) event, the zonal wind magnitudes on tidal timescale (difference between maximum eastward and minimum westward wind values over a 6‐hr interval during nighttime) in the thermosphere experience about two‐fold increase at observed thermosphere altitudes (98, 120, and 250 km). Additional validation of observational findings comes from SD‐WACCM‐X model simulations across solar‐minimum (2017–2021) winters, including both non‐SSW and SSW events (occurring in different winters). The model indicates that the SSW‐induced response in zonal wind tidal magnitudes may be indistinguishable from the seasonal trend in late winter, while it is more pronounced when the seasonal variations is minimal during mid‐winter months. By tidal diagnostics of zonal winds from meteor radar observations and SD‐WACCM‐X simulations at polar latitudes, a connection is established between the thermosphere zonal wind variations and the semidiurnal originating in the lower atmosphere following the SSW onset within the altitude range of 90–300 km (i.e., ionosphere‐thermosphere region). Additionally, the study highlights the migrating solar semidiurnal tides as a major contributor in the variability in the polar thermosphere region with minor contribution from lunar semidiurnal tides.
Auroral Energy Deposition and Conductance During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Storm: Meso‐Scale Contributions
Authors: Gabrielse Christine , Nishimura Y. , Hecht J. H. , Chen M. W. , Kaeppler S. R. , Gillies D. M. , Deng Y. , Spanswick E. , Donovan E. , Evans J. S. , Lyons L. R.
Published: February 2025

Geomagnetic storms transfer massive amounts of energy from the sun to geospace. Some of that energy is dissipated in the ionosphere as energetic particles precipitate and transfer their energy to the atmosphere, creating the aurora. We used the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mosaic of all‐sky‐imagers across Canada and Alaska to measure the amount of energy flux deposited into the ionosphere via auroral precipitation during the 2013 March 17 storm. We determined the time‐dependent percent of the total energy flux that is contributed by meso‐scale (<500 km wide) auroral features, discovering they contribute up to 80% during the sudden storm commencement (SSC) and >∼40% throughout the main phase, indicating meso‐scale dynamics are important aspects of a geomagnetic storm. We found that average conductance was higher north of 65° until SYM‐H reached −40 nT. We also found that the median conductance was higher in the post‐midnight sector during the SSC, though localized conductance peaks (sometimes >75 mho) were much higher in the pre‐midnight sector throughout. We related the post‐midnight/pre‐dawn conductance to other recent findings regarding meso‐scale dynamics in the literature. We found sharp conductance peaks and gradients in both time and space related to meso‐scale aurora. Data processing included a new moonlight removal algorithm and cross‐instrument calibration with a meridian scanning photometer and a standard photometer. We compared ASI results to Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) observations, finding energy flux, mean energy, and Hall conductance were highly correlated, moderately correlated, and highly correlated, respectively.
Probing Complex Crustal Structure Across the South‐Central United States Using Receiver Functions and Autocorrelograms
Authors: Sadler B. , Pulliam J.
Published: February 2025

Here we model crustal structure across a profile in the south‐central United States extending from the Gulf of Mexico to northern Arkansas by jointly modeling P receiver functions and autocorrelograms. Interfaces visible in the P receiver functions vary across the profile. Beneath the Gulf Coastal Plain we find an intra‐sedimentary contact, the basin bottom, and the Moho. Beneath the Ouachita Mountains two impedance contrasts are visible, as well as the Moho. In the Arkoma Basin, the basin bottom and Moho are visible. At the northern end of the profile only the Moho is visible. We observe basin depths of 0–13 km, and a Moho depth ranging from ∼26 to 47 km, with the Moho deepening to the north and shallowing to the south. We also observe faster crustal P velocities south of the Ouachita Mountains and slower values to the north, potentially reflecting changes in bulk crustal composition.
Spatial and Temporal Scales of Riming Events in Nonconvective Clouds Derived From Long‐Term Cloud Radar Observations in Germany
Authors: Ockenfuß Paul , Gergely Mathias , Frech Michael , Kneifel Stefan
Published: February 2025

Despite the relevancy of riming for precipitation formation, our observational knowledge of spatiotemporal scales of riming in clouds is poor. We use long‐term cloud radar observations to statistically investigate the horizontal and vertical dimensions as well as the typical duration of riming events. We extend a recent retrieval for rime mass fraction into an algorithm that can separate the data into individual riming events and estimate the spatial dimensions using horizontal wind profiles. For 2,500 riming events, we find an average horizontal extent of the riming regions of 13 km and a duration of 18 min. Vertical profiles indicate that the majority of rime mass is built within the uppermost 250 m of the region where the radar can detect riming. Similar to previous studies, the riming events are almost exclusively detected between 0°C and −15°C. To further examine the correlation between riming and thermodynamic profiles, we derived liquid water content from radiosonde data. We find that strong riming usually starts close to the level where the liquid water path exceeds 0.2 kg m−2. By defining a control group of nonriming events, we also find significantly enhanced liquid water below the −15°C isotherm for the riming cases. However, the existence of the 0.2 kg m−2 level in ice clouds alone is not indicative of strong riming. We find this level to be four times more likely than strong riming events. We expect our multiyear statistical riming characteristics to be valuable for the future development of riming retrievals and model validation.
Novel Surrogate Measures for Improving Water Distribution Systems' Resilience via Pipe Diameter Uniformity Enhancement
Authors: Huang Yuehua , Luo Bailin , Zhou Qianqian , Wang Qi , Zhao Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

Many resilience surrogate measures have been established to evaluate the performance of water distribution systems (WDSs) over the past three decades. However, most of those measures have neglected the nexus between network layout performance and the essential features of system resilience. In this paper, we proposed two novel surrogate measures by introducing node degree and pipe diameter uniformity within the extended nodal neighborhood in a rational, mathematical structure. Then, a comparison framework of surrogate measures was developed, which included a multi‐pipe failure scenario generator and a dual‐perspective evaluation method. New surrogate measures were benchmarked with well‐known counterparts on four networks with different numbers of sources and loop degrees. Results revealed that new surrogate measures outperformed existing ones clearly with a marginal computational budget increase. Solutions derived from the proposed surrogate measures strengthened system resilience by increasing diameter uniformities from sources to critical nodes. Additionally, new surrogate measures showed fewer performance fluctuations. This study provides insights into how to maintain more resilient WDSs.
Design and developing a robot-assisted cell batch microinjection system for zebrafish embryo
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Zhao Antian , Zhang Youchao , Jiang Huanyu , Tang Longhua , Lu Bo , Ying Yibin , Zhou Mingchuan
Published: February 2025

The microinjection of Zebrafish embryos is significant to life science and biomedical research. In this article, a novel automated system is developed for cell microinjection. A sophisticated microfluidic chip is designed to transport, hold, and inject cells continuously. For the first time, a microinjector with microforce perception is proposed and integrated within the enclosed microfluidic chip to judge whether cells have been successfully punctured. The deep learning model is employed to detect the yolk center of zebrafish embryos and locate the position of the injection needle within the yolk, which enables enhancing the precision of cell injection. A prototype is fabricated to achieve automatic batch microinjection. Experimental results demonstrated that the injection efficiency is about 20 seconds per cell. Cell puncture success rate and cell survival rate are 100% and 84%, respectively. Compared to manual operation, this proposed system improves cell operation efficiency and cell survival rate. The proposed microinjection system has the potential to greatly reduce the workload of the experimenters and shorten the relevant study period.
Child somatic growth and neurodevelopment: effects of pregnancy lifestyle intervention
Authors: Geyer Kristina , Raab Roxana , Spies Monika , Knoke Johanna , Meyer Dorothy , Brandt-Heunemann Stephanie , Hauner Hans
Published: February 2025

Objective

Maternal health behavior influences offspring health and obesity risk. This study examined the long-term effects of an antenatal lifestyle intervention on somatic growth and neurodevelopment of preschool-aged children.

Methods

We followed children born to women in the cluster-randomized GeliS trial who received usual care (CG) or lifestyle counseling (IG). Anthropometrics and neurodevelopment data for children aged 4 and 5 were collected from routine health examinations and the Ages-and-Stages Questionnaire (ASQ).

Results

Of 2 286 women initially enrolled, 1 403 reported on their child’s development. The intervention had no effect on weight, height, head circumference, BMI, or percentiles and z-scores at ages 4 and 5. In IG compared to CG, the proportion of children with underweight was lower (4 years: 7.8% vs. 10.9%; 5 years: 8.1% vs. 8.9%), while overweight (4 years: 6.5% vs. 4.2%; 5 years: 5.1% vs. 3.4%) and obesity proportions (4 years: 1.0% vs. 1.1%; 5 years: 2.7% vs. 1.6%) were higher. IG children were more likely to fall into a higher weight category at 4 (p = 0.017) and 5 years (p = 0.075). ASQ scores were similar across both groups.

Conclusion

Despite slight weight differences, the pregnancy lifestyle intervention had no meaningful impact on child somatic growth or neurodevelopment up to age 5.

Impact

This comprehensive antenatal lifestyle intervention, executed as a large-scale real-world effectiveness trial, did not demonstrate any long-term effect on children’s anthropometry or their risk of overweight or obesity up to 5 years of age.

No discernible intervention effects were observed concerning children’s neurodevelopment outcomes.

Personalized antenatal interventions targeting the individual risk profiles of pregnant women may be needed to substantially modify lifestyle behaviors and achieve sustainable impacts on child development and obesity risk.
A neural implementation model of feedback-based motor learning
Authors: Feulner Barbara , Perich Matthew G. , Miller Lee E. , Clopath Claudia , Gallego Juan A.
Published: February 2025

Animals use feedback to rapidly correct ongoing movements in the presence of a perturbation. Repeated exposure to a predictable perturbation leads to behavioural adaptation that compensates for its effects. Here, we tested the hypothesis that all the processes necessary for motor adaptation may emerge as properties of a controller that adaptively updates its policy. We trained a recurrent neural network to control its own output through an error-based feedback signal, which allowed it to rapidly counteract external perturbations. Implementing a biologically plausible plasticity rule based on this same feedback signal enabled the network to learn to compensate for persistent perturbations through a trial-by-trial process. The network activity changes during learning matched those from populations of neurons from monkey primary motor cortex — known to mediate both movement correction and motor adaptation — during the same task. Furthermore, our model natively reproduced several key aspects of behavioural studies in humans and monkeys. Thus, key features of trial-by-trial motor adaptation can arise from the internal properties of a recurrent neural circuit that adaptively controls its output based on ongoing feedback.
Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Hosoya Hitomi , Carleton Mia , Tanaka Kailee , Sworder Brian , Syal Shriya , Sahaf Bita , Maltos Alisha M. , Silva Oscar , Stehr Henning , Hovanky Vanna , Duran George , Zhang Tian , Liedtke Michaela , Arai Sally , Iberri David , Miklos David , Khodadoust Michael S. , Sidana Surbhi , Kurtz David M.
Published: February 2025

Despite advances in treatments, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable cancer where relapse is common. We developed a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) approach in order to characterize tumor genomics, monitor treatment response, and detect early relapse in MM. By sequencing 412 specimens from 64 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory disease, we demonstrate the correlation between ctDNA and key clinical biomarkers, as well as patient outcomes. We further extend our approach to simultaneously track CAR-specific cell-free DNA (CAR-cfDNA) in patients undergoing anti-BCMA CAR T-cell (BCMA-CAR) therapy. We demonstrate that ctDNA levels following BCMA-CAR inversely correlate with relative time to progression (TTP), and that measurable residual disease (MRD) quantified by peripheral blood ctDNA (ctDNA-MRD) was concordant with clinical bone marrow MRD. Finally, we show that ctDNA-MRD can anticipate clinical relapse and identify the emergence of genomically-defined therapy-resistant clones. These findings suggest multiple clinical uses of ctDNA for MM in molecular characterization and disease surveillance.
Emergent patterns of patchiness differ between physical and planktonic properties in the ocean
Authors: Gray Patrick Clifton , Boss Emmanuel , Bourdin Guillaume ,   Mission Microbiomes AtlantECO, Bourdais A. , Bowler C. , Moulin C. , de Vargas C. , Ludicone D. , Couet D. , Catafort E. , Boss E. , Petit E. , Mayeux E. , Lombard F. , Schramm J. , Guidi L. , Moll M. , Wincker P. , Laxenaire R. , Troublé R. , Sanchez S. , Pesant S. , Linkowski T. ,   Tara Pacific Consortium, Planes S. , Allemand D. , Djerbi N. , Hume B. C. C. , Röthig T. , Ziegler M. , Paoli L. , Flores J. M. , Lang-Yona N. , Conan P. , Galand P. E. , Douville E. , Agostini S. , Kitano Y. , da Silva O. , Cronin D. R. , Armstrong E. , Aury J. -M , Banaig B. , Barbe  , Belser C. , Beraud E. , Boissin E. , Klinges G. , Bonnival E. , Bourdin G. , Bourgois E. , Carradec Q. , Pesant S. , Miguel-Gordo M. , Cassar N. , John S. G. , Cohen N. R. , Reverdin G. , Filée J. , Dolan J. R. , Dominguez Herta G. , Du J. , Forcioli D. , Friedrich R. , Furla P. , Ghiglione J. -F , Gilson E. , Gorsky G. , Guinther M. , Haëntjens N. , Henry N. , Hertau M. , Hochart C. , Iwankow G. , Karp-Boss L. , Kelly R. L. , Koren I. , Labadie K. , Lancelot J. , Lê-Hoang J. , Lemee R. , Lin Y. , Lombard F. , Marie D. , McMind R. , Trainic M. , Monmarche D. , Mucherie Y. , Noel B. , Ottaviani A. , Pedrotti M. -L , Pogoreutz C. , Poulain J. , Pujo-Pay M. , Reynaud S. , Romac S. , Rottinger E. , Rouan A. , Ruscheweyh H. -J , Salazar G. , Sullivan M. B. , Sunagawa S. , Thomas O. P. , Vardi A. , Vega-Thunder R. , Voolstra C. R. , Wincker P. , Zahed A. , Zamoum T. , Zoccola D. , Lehahn Yoav
Published: February 2025

While a rich history of patchiness research has explored spatial structure in the ocean, there is no consensus over the controls on biological patchiness and how physical-ecological-biogeochemical processes and patchiness relate. The prevailing thought is that physics structures biology, but this has not been tested at basin scale with consistent in situ measurements. Here we use the slope of the relationship between variance vs spatial scale to quantify patchiness and ~650,000 nearly continuous (dx ~ 200 m) measurements - representing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans - and find that patchiness of biological parameters and physical parameters are uncorrelated. We show variance slope is an emergent property with unique patterns in biogeochemical properties distinct from physical tracers, yet correlated with other biological tracers. These results provide context for decades of observations with different interpretations, suggest the use of spatial tests of biogeochemical model parameterizations, and open the way for studies into processes regulating the observed patterns.
Automatic identification of slip pathways in ductile inorganic materials by combining the active learning strategy and NEB method
Authors: Luo Jun , Fan Tao , Zhang Jiawei , Qiu Pengfei , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong
Published: February 2025

Ductile inorganic semiconductors have recently received considerable attention due to their metal-like mechanical properties and potential applications in flexible electronics. However, the accurate determination of slip pathways, crucial for understanding the deformation mechanism, still poses a great challenge owing to the complex crystal structures of these materials. In this study, we propose an automated workflow based on the interlayer slip potential energy surface to identify slip pathways in complex inorganic systems. Our computational approach consists of two key stages: first, an active learning strategy is utilized to efficiently and accurately model the interlayer slip potential energy surfaces; second, the climbing image nudged elastic band method is employed to identify minimum energy pathways, followed by comparative analysis to determine the final slip pathway. We discuss the validity of our selected feature vectors and models across various material systems and confirm that our approach demonstrates robust effectiveness in several case studies with both simple and complicated slip pathways. Our automated workflow opens a new avenue for the automatic identification of the slip pathways in inorganic materials, which holds promise for accelerating the high-throughput screening of ductile inorganic materials.
Amylase/trypsin-inhibitor content and inhibitory activity of German common wheat landraces and modern varieties do not differ
Authors: Jahn Nora , Geisslitz Sabrina , Konradl Ulla , Fleissner Klaus , Scherf Katharina A.
Published: February 2025

Amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs) are triggers for wheat-related disorders like baker’s asthma and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. With the rise of wheat-related disorders among the population, the hypothesis that breeding may have resulted in changes in the protein composition of wheat was put forward. The ATI content of 14 German common wheat landraces and six modern varieties harvested in three consecutive years was analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and the inhibitory activity against α-amylase was measured with an enzymatic assay. The mean ATI content and proportion of crude protein of both groups did not differ. There were also only small differences in the content and proportion of single ATIs. The mean values for the inhibitory activity of both groups were also similar. These results indicate that breeding might not have led to changes in the protein composition and landraces are unlikely to be better tolerated than modern varieties.
A dataset for monitoring agricultural drought in Europe
Authors: Fioravanti Guido , Toreti Andrea , Cammalleri Carmelo , Muñoz Carolina Arias , Bavera Davide , De Jager Alfred , Hrast Essenfelder Arthur , Di Ciollo Chiara , Masante Dario , Magni Diego , Navarro Juan Acosta , Mazzesch Marco , Maetens Willem
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces the Combined Drought Indicator dataset, a collection of raster maps generated by the Copernicus European Drought Observatory for monitoring agricultural drought in Europe. Computationally, the CDI involves three indicators: the Standardized Precipitation Index, the Soil Moisture Anomaly and the Fraction of the Photosyntetically Active Radiation anomaly. These are complemented by the use of crop and snow masks. The CDI dataset has a spatial resolution of 1/24 decimal degrees (∼5 km), a temporal resolution of 10 days and is available from 2012 onward. As drought effects are variegated both in space and time, the CDI provides an effective instrument for assessing the different stages of propagation of agricultural drought and their spatial extent. Furthermore, the CDI maps provide relevant information for those private and public actors (water resource agencies, farmers, land managers and so on) involved both in drought preparedness and planning to mitigate drought impacts. Users can access and download the dataset from the Copernicus European Drought Observatory web portal, where an online mapviewer and clickable maps facilitate its interactive exploration.
Investigating practices and difficulties in communicating with patients about COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Italy
Authors: Della Polla Giorgia , Miraglia del Giudice Grazia , Cirillo Raffaele , Sansone Vincenza , Napolitano Francesco
Published: February 2025

The aims of this cross-sectional study were to understand the healthcare workers’ (HCWs) practices and difficulties in communicating with patients about COVID-19 vaccinations, to investigate the factors associated, and to identify targets to improve the efficacy of the COVID-19 immunization strategy. Questionnaires were administered between November 2021 and March 2022 in three immunization centers in Italy. More than half of HCWs (56.8%) reported to always recommend COVID-19 vaccination to their patients, and the recommendations for other vaccinations were provided by 50.4% of the participants. Physicians/medical residents, males, and those who recommended other vaccinations to their patients were more likely to always recommend COVID-19 vaccination. The participants’ perception of difficulties in communicating with patients about COVID-19 vaccination and the impact of sources of information on patients’ knowledge about vaccination, explored using a ten-point Likert-type scale, resulted in a mean value of 6.3 and 7.9, respectively. A higher level of perception regarding difficulties in communicating with patients was more likely to be found among nurses/midwives and younger HCWs. It is important to reduce HCWs’ perceived gap regarding difficulties in communicating with patients, supporting them through health policy to recommend vaccinations, and engaging them in increasing uptake rates.
A novel approach to graph distinction through GENEOs and permutants
Authors: Bocchi Giovanni , Ferri Massimo , Frosini Patrizio
Published: February 2025

The theory of Group Equivariant Non-Expansive Operators (GENEOs) was initially developed in Topological Data Analysis for the geometric approximation of data observers, including their invariances and symmetries. This paper departs from that line of research and explores the use of GENEOs for distinguishing r-regular graphs up to isomorphisms. In doing so, we aim to test the capabilities and flexibility of these operators. Our experiments show that GENEOs offer a good compromise between efficiency and computational cost in comparing r-regular graphs, while their actions on data are easily interpretable. This supports the idea that GENEOs could be a general-purpose approach to discriminative problems in Machine Learning when some structural information about data and observers is explicitly given.
Cause-specific mortality after spousal bereavement in a Danish register-based cohort
Authors: Sloth Mathilde Marie Brünnich , Hruza Johannes , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Bhatt Samir , Katsiferis Alexandros
Published: February 2025

Spousal bereavement is associated with increased all-cause mortality, but less is known for cause-specific mortality. We estimated the average effect of bereavement on cause-specific mortality. Furthermore, we developed and evaluated the performance of prediction models estimating individualized mortality risks. This matched cohort study leveraged nationwide registry data on 223,500 married Danish individuals aged ≥ 65 years. Individuals were followed from bereavement date until death, emigration, or 3-year end of follow-up. G-estimation was used to estimate the average effect of bereavement on cause-specific mortality. Risk prediction models were developed and internally validated using logistic regression and Extreme Gradient Boosting utilizing information on sociodemographic factors and healthcare expenditures prior to bereavement. Among males, bereavement was associated with increased 3-year mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Risk Difference: 8 deaths/1000 individuals [95% confidence intervals (CI) 3;13]), digestive diseases (3 [95% CI 1;5]), psychiatric diseases/suicide (3 [95% CI 1;5]), and respiratory diseases (4 [95% CI 1;8]) and decreased 3-year mortality for dying from dementia/Parkinson’s disease (-4 [95% CI -6;-2]). Among females, bereavement was only associated with increased 3-year mortality from CVD (5 [95% CI 3;7 ]) and from psychiatric diseases/suicide (1 [95% CI 1;2]). The prediction models developed using sociodemographic information and healthcare expenditures showed limited accuracy in identifying cause-specific mortality risk. On average, spousal bereavement slightly elevated the risk for most causes of death for males and less so for females. Despite incorporating comprehensive healthcare and sociodemographic data, accurately predicting individual cause-specific mortality remains challenging.
The impact of threshing unit structure and parameters on enhancing rice threshing performance
Authors: Abdeen Mohamed Anwer , Wu Weibin , Salem Abouelnadar El. , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Salem Ali , Metwally Khaled A. , Zhang Guozhong , Elwakeel Abdallah Elshawadfy
Published: February 2025

Improving rice threshing unit performance and structure significantly enhances the thresher’s overall efficiency by raising its productivity while lowering costs and power consumption. This study evaluated and optimized longitudinal axial flow threshing device performance using two threshers’ structures, namely conical thresher and drum thresher, under different rotating speeds of 1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm and feeding rates of 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s. The studied parameters were evaluated regarding thresher throughput, efficiency, seed damage, and specific energy, and it was figured that the experimental parameters greatly affected the whole performance of the threshing unit. The drum thresher increased the threshing throughput from 2304 to 2448 kg/h and maximized the efficiency from 98.6 to 99.07% at 1500 rpm rotation speed and 1.8 kg/s feeding rate. Moreover, it reduced the specific energy from 3.37 to 3.15 kW.h/ton for the experimental variables 1100 rpm speed and 1.4 kg/s feeding. The lowest damage rate of 0.24% was recorded using the drum thresher at a feeding rate of 0.8 kg/s and 1100 rotating speed. These results highlight the distinct effect of the new thresher structure and operating parameters on the rice threshing device’s overall effectiveness for medium-sized combine harvesters.
Design and application of a fluorescent probe for imaging of endogenous Bruton's tyrosine kinase with preserved enzymatic activity
Authors: Valaka Anna P. , Nyström Hampus , Håversen Liliana , Benitez-Martin Carlos , Schäfer Clara , Jang Woo Suk , Camponeschi Alessandro , Andréasson Joakim , Borén Jan , Grøtli Morten
Published: February 2025

Development of a novel fluorescent probe for endogenous BTK imaging using evobrutinib as a scaffold. Evo-2 enabled real-time visualisation of BTK dynamics in living cells while preserving its enzymatic activity.
Thiosulfate species promoting hydrogen evolution reaction at the heterointerface of Ir clusters-loaded WS2 nanosheets
Authors: Kitano Sho , Tagusari Reiko , Sugiyama Takeharu , Nagasaka Yuta , Wakabayashi Naoto , Wada Rioto , Nagao Tomoya , Iwai Mana , Fushimi Koji , Aoki Yoshitaka , Habazaki Hiroki
Published: February 2025

Thiosulfates exhibit unique changes in electronic states under HER conditions, which promotes the dissociation of water molecules.
Recent advances in photoinitiated Pd-catalyzed desaturation and Heck-type reactions via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer
Authors: Tang Lu-ning , Miao Jia-cheng , Chen Ming
Published: February 2025

The article covers photoinduced palladium-catalyzed systems, alkyl Heck reactions, radical relay, and desaturation reactions. It discusses 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, mechanisms, selectivity, applications, challenges, and future research directions.
Photo-ejected ligands hyperpolarized by parahydrogen in reversible exchange
Authors: Brown Emily E. , Harrison Rielly J. , Havrylyuk Dmytro , McBride Stephen J. , Glazer Edith C. , Castellano Felix N. , Theis Thomas
Published: February 2025

Hyperpolarization derived from signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a catalytic approach to enhance NMR detection. Here, we introduce light-triggered ejection of heterocyclic ligands to initiate the SABRE process.
Development of 3D-printed foods incorporating riboflavin-loaded whey protein isolate nanostructures: characterization and in vitro digestion
Authors: Araújo João F. , Fernandes Jean-Michel , Madalena Daniel , Gonçalves Raquel F. S. , Vieira Jorge M. , Martins Joana T. , Vicente António A. , Pinheiro Ana C.
Published: February 2025

WPI nanostructures are valuable candidates for associating Rb (AE ≈ 60%); Rb bioaccessibility increased 23.1% when associated with WPI nanostructures and incorporated in 3D-printed foods with adequate printability.
Batch and flow synthesis of sulfides and sulfoxides using green solvents and oxidant through visible-light photocatalysis
Authors: Park Jin , Kim Su Hyeon , Cho Jun-Young , Atriardi Shafrizal Rasyid , Kim Jae-Young , Mardhiyah Hanifah , Park Boyoung Y. , Woo Sang Kook
Published: February 2025

The photocatalyzed reaction enables a sustainable one-pot synthesis of sulfides and sulfoxides using green solvents and oxygen, achieving good yields and high functional group tolerance. A flow system enhances scalability and reproducibility.
Reactive CO2 capture and mineralization of magnesium hydroxide to produce hydromagnesite with inherent solvent regeneration
Authors: Gao Xun , Lu Peilong , Kuzmenko Ivan , Ilavsky Jan , Gadikota Greeshma
Published: February 2025

Reactive CO2 capture and mineralization of Mg(OH)2 to produce Mg – carbonate using amino acid solvents such as sodium glycinate is a versatile energy – and material – efficient approach for managing CO2 emissions.
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of mixtures of polysulfamides
Authors: Shah Jay , Jayaraman Arthi
Published: February 2025

We present a new coarse-grained model and molecular simulation study of polysulfamide, a new class of polymer that could be a sustainable alternative to commodity polymers like polyurea.
Recent advances in the fundamentals and in-situ characterizations for mechanics in 2D materials
Authors: Ji Hangkuan , Song Zichen , Wu An , Zou Yi-Chao , Yang Guowei
Published: February 2025

The growing need for integrating two-dimensional materials in electronic and functional devices requires the flexibility of the material. This necessitates the in-situ characterization of their mechanical properties to understand their...
Improving the efficiency of Cr(vi) reduction and adsorption by Fe3O4 using ZSM-5 zeolite support prepared through various methods
Authors: Senamart Nichapha , Yingyuen Worapol , Obrom Waranya , Nanmong Tatchapol , Budsombat Surangkhana , Wittayakun Jatuporn , Prayoonpokarach Sanchai , Loiha Sirinuch
Published: February 2025

The study involved the synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) and zeolite-supported Fe3O4 (Fe/Z) using co-precipitation (COP) and hydrothermal (HYD) methods which proved effective for removing Cr(vi) from contaminated water.
Multimeric, Multivalent Fusion Carrier Proteins for Site-Selective Glycoconjugate Vaccines Simultaneously Targeting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sorieul Charlotte , Mikladal Bartal , Wu Dung-Yeh , Giovani Cinzia , Adamo Giusy , Romagnoli Giacomo , Carboni Filippo , Adamo Roberto , Brogioni Barbara , Margarit Immaculada , Codee Jeroen D , Romano Maria Rosaria
Published: February 2025

Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major antimicrobial-resistant pathogens that often synergize in polymicrobial infections, such as chronic wound infections. These notorious and increasingly resistant bacteria contribute significantly to reduced...
Regenerable photonic aptasensor for detection of bacterial spores with stacks of GaAs/AlGaAs nanoheterostructures
Authors: Ishika Ishika , Hassen Walid M , St-Onge René , Moteshareie Houman , Tayabali Azam , Dubowski Jan J
Published: February 2025

The reusability of biosensors is crucial for environmental monitoring and advancing laboratory operations. This study presents the concept of a regenerable aptasensor based on digital photocorrosion (DIP) of a GaAs/AlGaAs...
A novel biosensor for highly sensitive DNA damage detection using TdT and CRISPR-Cas12a
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Fan , Liu Ziyang , Zhou Yue , Pei Liguo , Yan Bei
Published: February 2025

A highly sensitive TdT/CRISPR-Cas12a biosensor for sperm DNA damage detection with 0.99 pM limit and clinical potential.
UiO66-NH2@In2O3 heterostructures for improved photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Ma Bolin , Chen Guanghui , Zhou Lingling , Ni Chengyang , Sun Xinyu , Zhang Lei , Xi Xinguo , Tang Lanqin , Zhou Yong
Published: February 2025

UiO66-NH2@In2O3 heterojunctions exhibit enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction, leveraging efficient charge separation and visible-light harvesting for sustainable catalysis.
Rapid and ultrasensitive fluorescent screening of extracellular vesicles using dual-aptamer recognition-triggered RCA
Authors: Zhu Rui , Zhu Jingru , Guo Zhiqiang , Pang Qing-ao , Yang Meili , Li Bowen , Xiao Yijing , Sun Weiqing , Ge Shenguang , Liu Su , Huang Jiadong , Wang Yu
Published: February 2025

A non-purified, precise fluorescent method for quantification of surface proteins on EVs based on a dual-binding mode coupled with RCA is proposed.
Chemical bio-manufacture from diverse C-rich waste polymeric feedstocks using engineered microorganisms
Authors: Pitzalis Maria Franca , Sadler Joanna C.
Published: February 2025

Engineering microbial metabolism is tapped potential to convert industrial waste and by-products into high-value chemical products, providing a more sustainable alternative to traditionally oil-derived chemicals.
Tuning interfacial *H coverage and aldehyde adsorption configuration for selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of furfural
Authors: Zheng Min , Wang Pengtang , Gao Yingjie , Peng Chen , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: February 2025

The *H coverage and furfural adsorption configuration are simultaneously regulated to probe into the interfacial structure–activity relationship and optimize the electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) selectivity of furfural.
Steam activation of pitch-based carbon fibers for increasing CO2 adsorption behaviors
Authors: Kim Choong-Hee , Kim Mantae , Lee Jaein , Choi Hokab , Lee Seul-Yi , Park Soo-Jin
Published: February 2025

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) have attracted considerable interest as versatile adsorbents for gas separation, water treatment, and similar applications due to their high specific surface area, chemical stability, and robust mechanical properties.
Edge-directed Rapid Chiral Assembly of Gold Nanorods by 2D Hexagonal Nanosheets of Helical Poly(phenylacetylene)s and the Synergistic Communication of Circular Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Yu Peiyao , Zhao Wenjing , Huang Yihan , Zeng Hua , Wan Xinhua , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with unique planar geometry have garnered significant attention. The high-energy edges of 2D materials, distinct in structure and properties from large surfaces, enable post-modification for novel hybrid...
The Roles of Language Ability and Language Dominance in Bilingual Parent–Child Language Alignment
Authors: Slawny Caitlyn , Libersky Emma , Kaushanskaya Margarita
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

In the current study, we examined the alignment of language choice of bilingual parent–child dyads in play-based interactions.

Method:

Forty-four bilingual Spanish–English parent–child dyads participated in a 10-min naturalistic free-play interaction to determine whether bilingual children and their parents respond to each other in the same language(s) across conversational turns and whether children's language ability and children's and parents' language dominance affect language alignment. Children's language ability was indexed by the Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of children's language ability and children's and parents' language dominance on the alignment of language choice.

Results:

Results revealed that children and parents largely aligned their language choice and that children's and parents' language dominance, but not children's language ability, influenced alignment. Patterns of alignment differed between children and parents. Children aligned to their dominant language, and this was true for both English- and Spanish-dominant children. In contrast, English-dominant parents aligned equally to both languages, whereas Spanish-dominant parents aligned significantly more to Spanish.

Conclusion:

Together, these findings suggest that bilinguals' alignment of language choice is deeply sensitive to language dominance effects in both children and adults but that parents may also choose their language strategically in conversations with their children.
Time‐Based Wireless Synchronous Detection of Bioimpedance Signals
Authors: Valente Virgilio , Ashrafirad Hanieh
Published: February 2025

This letter presents a novel time‐based scheme for wireless measurement of bioimpedance. Conventional circuits measure impedance in the analogue or digital domain, incurring in high power and area consumption resulting from either the use of analogue multipliers and high‐order filters, or high‐speed ADCs. Wireless transmission of impedance bits further results in a power penalty. Time domain solution offer a unique advantage both in terms of power consumption and technology scalability. Here we present a system that combines a pulse‐width modulation–pulse position modulation readout with a pulse‐harmonic modulation wireless link for power efficient transmission of impedance data. The paper presents a system‐level description of the wireless readout architecture and its operation simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and LTSpice. The work presented here can provide the foundation for the design of novel time‐based energy‐efficient wireless impedance analysers.
Wolf-Rayet--compact object binaries as progenitors of binary compact objects
Authors: Korb Erika , Mapelli Michela , Iorio Giuliano , Costa Guglielmo , Dall'Amico Marco
Published: February 2025

Binaries with a Wolf-Rayet star and a compact object (WR--COs), either a black hole (BH) or a neutron star (NS), have been proposed as possible progenitors for the binary compact object mergers (BCOs) observed with gravitational wave (GW) detectors. In this work, we use the open source population synthesis code to investigate the role of WR--COs as BCO progenitors. We consider an initial population of $5 binaries, and we evolve it across 96 combinations of metallicities, common envelope efficiencies, core-collapse supernova models, and natal kick distributions. We find that WR--COs are the progenitors of most BCOs, especially at high and intermediate metallicity. At 0.014, and 0.0014, more than ≳ 99 % of all the BCOs in our simulations evolved as WR--COs. At Z = 0.00014, inefficient binary stripping lowers the fraction of BCOs with WR--CO progenitors to ≈ 83-95 %. Despite their key role in BCO production, only ≈ 5-30 % of WR--COs end their life as BCOs. We find that Cyg X-3, the only WR--CO candidate observed in the Milky Way, is a promising BCO progenitor, especially if it hosts a BH. In our simulations, about $70-100 %$ of the Cyg X-3-like systems in the WR--BH configuration (BH mass $ ≤ 10 are BCO progenitors, in agreement with the literature. Future observations of WR--COs similar to Cyg X-3 may be the Rosetta stone to interpret the formation of BCOs.
Hot Rocks Survey I: A possible shallow eclipse for LHS 1478 b
Authors: August P.C. , Buchhave L.A. , Diamond-Lowe H. , Mendonça J.M. , Gressier A. , Rathcke A.D. , Allen N.H. , Fortune M. , Jones K.D. , Meier Valdés E.A. , Demory B.-O. , Espinoza N. , Fisher C.E. , Gibson N.P. , Heng K. , Hoeijmakers J. , Hooton M.J. , Kitzmann D. , Prinoth B. , Eastman J.D. , Barnes R.
Published: February 2025

M-dwarf systems offer an opportunity to study terrestrial exoplanetary atmospheres due to their small size and cool temperatures. However, the extreme conditions imposed by these host stars raise a question about whether their close-in rocky planets are able to retain any atmosphere at all. The Hot Rocks Survey aims to answer this question by targeting nine different M-dwarf rocky planets spanning a range of planetary and stellar properties. Of these, LHS 1478 b orbits an M3-type star, has an equilibrium temperature of T_ eq and receives $21$ times Earth's instellation. We observed two secondary eclipses of LHS 1478 b using photometric imaging at $15 using the Mid-Infrared Instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST MIRI) to measure thermal emission from the dayside of the planet. We compared these values to atmospheric models to evaluate potential heat transport and CO_2$ absorption signatures. We find that a secondary eclipse depth of $138± 53 at the expected time for a circular orbit is preferred over a null model at 2.8 a moderate detection, though dynamical models do favour a non-eccentric orbit for this planet. The second observation results in a non-detection due to significantly larger unexplained systematics. Based on the first observation alone, we can reject the null hypothesis of the dark (zero Bond albedo) no atmosphere bare rock model with a confidence level of $3.3 though for B =0.2 the significance decreases to $2.1 The tentative secondary eclipse depth is consistent with the majority of the atmospheric scenarios we considered, spanning CO_2-rich atmospheres with surface pressures from $0.1$ to $10$ bar. However, we stress that the two observations from our programme do not yield consistent results, and more observations are needed to verify our findings. The Hot Rocks Survey serves as a relevant primer for future endeavours such as the Director's Discretionary Time (DDT) Rocky Worlds programme.