bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Pijat Refleksi dan Minyak Serai terhadap Nyeri Rheumathoid pada Lansia di Kemiling Raya Bandar Lampung
Authors: Furqoni Prima Dian , Triyoso Triyoso , Liasari Deny Eka
Published: September 2022

ABSTRAK Akibat penuaan usia terjadi bisa timbulnya berbagai masalah kesehatan dibagian organ tubuh yaitu salah satunya penyakit rheumthoid artitis (Kristanto & Maliya, 2012. Pada Negara  Indonesia memiliki jumlah penyakit rheumatoid arthritis dengan angka kejadian 34% (QADAFI, 2018). Data penyakit rheumathoid artitis di Provinsi Lampung pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 37.476.756 orang, pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 28.195.000 orang, dan pada tahun 2021 menjadi berjumlah 20.718.000 orang penderita(Kesehatan, 2018). Tujuan: Melakukan analisa hasil dan penerapan pijat refleksi dan minyak serai terhadap nyeri pada lansia sehingga nyeri berkurang. Metode: penerapan pijat refleksi dan minyak serai ini dilakukan 1x5 menit selama 3 hari. Hasil: didapatkan hasil yaitu nilai mean skala nyeri sebelum diberikan penerapan terapi 5 sedangkan sesudah dilakukan penerapan terapi skala nyeri 3. Skala nyeri hari kedua sebelum dilakukan penerapan 3 sesudah dilakukan terapi 2. Skala nyeri hari ketiga sebelum dilakukan penerapan terapi skala nyeri 2 sedangkan setelah dilakukan penerapan terapi skala nyeri 2. Kesimpulan: terapi masase kaki memiliki arti terdapat perbaikan skala nyeri sesudah diberikan penerapan pijat refleksi dan minyak serai terhadap nyeri pada lansia. Kata Kunci: Pijat Refleksi, Rheumathoid, Lansia ABSTRACT Health problems due to aging occur in various body systems, one of which is rheumatism. In Indonesia alone, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in 2011 was 35%, in 2012. In Lampung Province, rheumatoid arthritis in 2019 amounted to 37,476,757 patients, in 2020 there were 28,196,000 people, and in 2021 it would be 20,719,000 people. sufferer. Objective: To analyze the results and apply reflexology and lemongrass oil to pain in the elderly so that pain is reduced. Method: The application of reflexology and lemongrass oil was carried out 1x5 minutes for 3 days. Results: it was found that the average value of the pain scale before the application of therapy was 5 while after the application of therapy the pain scale was 3. The pain scale on the second day before the application was 3 after the therapy 2. The pain scale on the third day before the application of therapy the pain scale was 2 while after the application of pain scale therapy 2. Conclusion: this shows that there is an improvement in the pain scale after the application of reflexology and lemongrass oil to pain in the elderly. Keywords: Reflexology, Rheumatoid, Elderly
Aromaterapi Lavender terhadap Kecemasan Ibu Hamil dengan Hipertensi
Authors: Pujiati Wasis , Saribu Hotmaria Julia Dolok
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Hypertension in pregnant women has an impact on incomplete fetal growth, premature birth, low birth weight, and even maternal and infant mortality. Pregnant women with hypertension who have anxiety will have an impact on the fetus they contain. Anxiety is a form of psychological change which, if it persists, can cause stress to depression. To find out whether lavender aromatherapy can reduce anxiety in pregnant women with hypertension. This study used a true experimental design, randomized pretest posttest design, with one treatment group. Anxiety pregnant women with hypertension are given lavender aromatherapy which aims to reduce anxiety until labor begins. The research sample amounted to 30 respondents and the sample was taken by quota sampling. The data collection tool is an anxiety questionnaire from the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale). With the Wilcoxon test, a p value of 0.000 was obtained, which means that there is an effect of lavender aromatherapy in reducing anxiety for pregnant women with hypertension, this is because aromatherapy is able to relax the brain. For this reason, it is recommended that pregnant women with hypertension use lavender aromatherapy to help reduce the anxiety they experience. Keywords: Lavender, Anxiety, Pregnancy Hypertension  ABSTRAK Hipertensi pada ibu hamil berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan janin yang tidak sempurna, prematur, lahir dengan berat rendah, bahkan kematian ibu dan bayi. Ibu hamil dengan hipertensi yang memiliki rasa cemas, akan berdampak pada janin yang dikandungnya. Kecemasan adalah salah satu bentuk perubahan psikologis yang apabila berlangsung terus menerus dapat menyebabkan stress hingga depresi. Diketahuinya apakah aromaterapi lavender mampu menurunkan kecemasan pada ibu hamil dengan hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain true experimental, rancangan randomized pretest posttest design, dengan satu kelompok perlakuan.  Kecemasan  ibu hamil dengan hipertensi di berikan aromaterapi lavender yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi kecemasan sampai persalinan dimulai. Sampel penelitian berjumlah  30 responden  dan sampel diambil secara kuota sampling. Alat pengumpul data  adalah kuesioner  kecemasan dari HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale). Dengan uji Wilcoxon di dapatkan hasil p value sebesar 0,000 artinya ada pengaruh aromaterapi lavender dalam menurunkan kecemasan ibu hamil dengan hipertensi, hal ini dikarenakan aromaterapi  mampu merileksasikan otak. Untuk itu  disarankan ibu hamil dengan hipertensi menggunakan aromaterapi lavender untuk membantu menurunkan kecemasan yang dialaminya. Kata Kunci: Lavender, Kecemasan, Hipertensi Kehamilan.
Hubungan Pola Makanan Berserat dan Air Putih terhadap Kejadian Konstipasi di Sdit Darussalam Palembang
Authors: Aini Lela , Maharani Shinta , Astuti Lenny
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Constipation is a health problem in the form of not being able to pass hard and dry feces less than three times a week (Risma Hanuraswati, 2017). The pattern of bowel movements is influenced by several factors such as water intake, activity level, and fiber intake from the food you eat every day. Particular attention should be paid to consumption patterns that tend to emphasize practical benefits. Water supports metabolic processes in the body by converting food into energy. Our bodies can absorb 1.52 liters of water every day to support the body's own metabolism. This study aims to clarify the relationship between fiber diet and water on the development of constipation at SDIT Darussalam Palembang.   This type of survey is a quantitative survey with a descriptive analytical survey design using a cross-sectional approach. Based on the results of the study using paired t-test, the results of the systolic statistical test showed a value of 0.001. Since < 0.05, we can conclude the relationship between food and water behavior in the development of constipation. Knowledge of the relationship between a high-fiber diet and normal water on the incidence of constipation at SDIT Darussalam Palembang, p-value = 0.001 Keywords: Constipation, Fiber Food, Water  ABSTRAK Konstipasi merupakan masalah kesehatan berupa tidak dapat mengeluarkan feses yang keras dan kering kurang dari tiga kali seminggu (Risma Hanuraswati, 2017). Pola buang air besar dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti asupan air, tingkat aktivitas, dan asupan serat setiap orang. Air mendukung proses metabolisme dalam tubuh dengan mengubah makanan menjadi energi. Tubuh kita dapat menyerap 1,52 liter air setiap hari untuk mendukung metabolisme tubuh sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola makan berserat dan air putih terhadap perkembangan konstipasi di SDIT Darussalam Palembang. Jenis survei ini adalah survei kuantitatif dengan desain survei deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan uji t berpasangan, hasil uji statistik sistolik menunjukkan nilai 0,001. Karena < α0,05, kita dapat menyimpulkan hubungan antara perilaku makanan dan air dalam perkembangan sembelit. Pengetahuan hubungan antara diet tinggi serat dan air putih normal terhadap kejadian konstipasi di SDIT Darussalam Palembang, p-value = 0,001 Kata Kunci: Konstipasi, Makanan, Beserat, Air Putih
Pembelajaran Daring, Kualitas Tidur dan Siklus Menstruasi Remaja
Authors: Lutiyah Lutiyah , Suryadin Asep
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the pattern of life in society, one of which is in the world of education and education. Education is held online or online. This affects many human life cycles. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between online learning and sleep quality and menstrual cycle. The research design used is quantitative, to determine the relationship between the two variables, the Rho Speraman statistic test is used with a significance level of (α) 5%. The sampling method in this study was the purposive sampling technique, with the principles of research ethics. The results of the Spearman Rho test analysis of online learning and sleep quality obtained a value of (α) 0.03 with a significance scale (α) = 5%. The results of the analysis using the Spearman Rho test to determine the correlation between online learning and the student's menstrual cycle with P value = 0.000 <0.05 with = 5%. There is a relationship between online learning and students' menstrual cycles. There is a relationship between online learning with sleep quality and menstrual cycle. Keywords: Online Learning, Sleep Quality, Menstrual Cycle, Adolesent  ABSTRAK Pandemi Covid-19 membuat pola kehidupan di masyarakat menjadi berubah salah satunya di dunia pendidikdan. Pendidikan diselenggarakan secara online atau daring. Hal ini berdampak paa banyak siklus kehidupan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pembelajaran daring dengan kualitas tidur dan siklus menstruasi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif, untuk mengetahui hubungan dua variabel tersebut digunakan uji statistic Speraman Rho dengan tingkat kemaknaan (α) 5%. Metode pengambilan sample pada penelitian ini dengan tekhnik purposive sampling, dengan prinsip etika penelitian. Hasil analisis uji Spearman Rho pembelajaran daring dan kualitas tidur diadapatkan nilai (α) 0,03 dengan dengan skala kemaknaan  (α) = 5%. Hasil analisis dengan uji Spearman Rho untuk mengetahui korelasi antara pembelajaran daring dengan siklus mesnstruasi siswa dengan nilai P value = 0,000 < 0,05 dengan ά =5%. Ada hubungan antara pembelajaran daring dengan siklus menstruasi siswa. Terdapat hubungan antara pembelajaran daring dengan kualitas tidur dan siklus menstruasi.  Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Daring, Kualitas Tidur, Siklus Menstruasi Remaja
The Effect of Benson Relaxation On Pain in Post Major Surgery Patients
Authors: Kaparang Alivia Mona , Manengkey Angela Vira , Damar Apriliane Akiko , Watania Lani Natalia , Diannita Catharina Guinda
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT In the United States >80% of postoperative patients experience pain but only 30-50% receive effective treatment. Effective postoperative pain management requires other therapy than pharmacology with minimal side effects such as Benson relaxation. Benson relaxation is a deep breathing relaxation method involving belief factors that are effective in reducing postoperative pain To determine the effect of Benson's relaxation on pain in post-major surgery patients. This literature review uses the thematic analysis method: a simplified approach with publications for 2012-2022 using databases: Google Scholar, MEDLINE, JSTOR. The selection of articles used a modified PRISMA flow diagram. Analysis of article eligibility uses JBI Critical appraisal Checklist tools for RCT and Quasi-Experiment. The findings of 11 articles showed that Benson relaxation combined with pharmacological therapy was proven to be effective in reducing post-major surgery pain in terms of the time of administration, procedure, and mechanism. Benson relaxation also has other benefits such as controlling physical and psychological stress. Benson relaxation has been shown to have an effect on reducing pain in post-major surgery patients. Thus, Benson relaxation can be used as an option for independent non- pharmacological interventions in the management of post-major surgery pain. Keywords : Benson relaxation, Post major surgery, Pain  ABSTRAK Nyeri pasca bedah dirasakan oleh >80% pasien di Amerika, akan tetapi  perawatan nyeri yang efektif hanya terjadi sekitar 30-50%. Manajemen nyeri pasca bedah yang efektif membutuhkan terapi selain farmakologi dengan efek samping minimal seperti relaksasi benson. Relaksasi benson adalah metode relaksasi nafas dalam dengan melibatkan faktor keyakinan yang efektif mengurangi nyeri pada pasien pasca bedah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi benson terhadap nyeri pada pasien pasca bedah mayor. Kajian literatur ini menggunakan thematic analysis method: a simplified approach dengan publikasi tahun 2012-2022  menggunakan databases: Google Scholar, MEDLINE, JSTOR. Analisis artikel menggunakan modifikasi flow diagram PRISMA. Kelayakan artikel diuji dengan JBI Critical appraisal Checklist tools for RCT and Quasi-Experiment. Temuan kajian literatur dari 11 artikel menunjukkan relaksasi benson yang dikombinasikan dengan terapi farmakologi terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri pada pasien pasca bedah mayor ditinjau dari waktu pemberian, prosedur dan mekanisme. Relaksasi benson juga memiliki manfaat lain seperti mengontrol stres fisik dan juga psikologi. Relaksasi benson telah terbukti memberi pengaruh terhadap penurunan nyeri pasien pasca bedah mayor. Sehingga, relaksasi benson dapat dijadikan salah satu pilihan intervensi mandiri non-farmakologi dalam penanganan nyeri pasca bedah mayor Kata kunci: Relaksasi Benson, Pasca Bedah Mayor, Nyeri
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Covid-19, Motivasi, dan Dukungan Sosialterhadap Komitmen Kader Lansia dalam Melaksanakan Tugas di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Prabasari Ninda Ayu , Juwita Linda
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Cadres are needed to help the elderly deal with health problems. Knowledge and motivation make cadres become active in carrying out their duties, social support received by cadres can provide reinforcement to the role of cadres in carrying out their duties and will create work stability. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of Covid-19 knowledge, motivation, and social support on the commitment of elderly cadres in service. This type of analytic observational research uses a cross-sectional design, the population is 80 respondents who are all cadres in the working area of the Kenjeran Public Health Center. The sample is 62 respondents, using purposive sampling. Collecting data using a valid and reliable questionnaire of knowledge, motivation, social support, and commitment. Data analysis used ordinal regression. The majority of respondents have sufficient knowledge 53%; moderate to high motivation @ 50%, high social support 65% and moderate commitment 56%. Motivation significantly affects cadre commitment (pseudo R2 0.455; p= 0.010). Knowledge and support do not affect cadre commitment (p >α). motivation affects cadre commitment, but knowledge and social support do not have a significant effect. Keywords: Knowledge of Covid 19, Motivation, Social Support, Commitment, Cadres  ABSTRAK Kader diperlukan membantu lanjut usia menghadapi masalah kesehatan. Pengetahuan dan motivasi membuat kader menjadi aktif dalam melaksanakan tugas, dukungan sosial yang diterima kader dapat memberikan penguatan terhadap peran kader dalam melaksanakan tugas akan mewujudkan kemantapan kerja. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis pengaruh pengetahuan Covid-19, motivasi, dukungan sosial terhadap komitmen kader lansia dalam pelayanan. Jenis penelitian observasinal analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional, populasi berjumlah 80 responden yang merupakan seluruh kader di wilayah kerja puskesmas kenjeran. Sampel berjumlah 62 responden, dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan, motivasi, dukungan sosial dan komitmen yang valid dan reliabel. Analisis data menggunakan regresi ordinal. Mayoritas responden memiliki Pengetahuan cukup 53%;  motivasi sedang hingga tinggi @ 50%, dukungan sosial tinggi 65% dan komitmen sedang 56%. Motivasi mempengaruhi komitmen kader secara signifikan (pseudo R2 0.455; p= 0.010). Pengetahuan dan dukungan tidak mempengaruhi terhadap komitmen kader (p >α). motivasi mempengaruhi komitmen kader, tetapi pengetahuan dan dukungan sosial tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Covid 19, Motivasi, Dukungan Sosial, Komitmen, Kader
ATLAS DO TRABALHO ESCRAVO CONTEMPORÂNEO NO PARANÁ, DE 2005 A 2019
Authors: De Paula Adriano Makux
Published: September 2022

O presente texto tem a missão de apresentar aos leitores elementos fundamentais da escravidão contemporânea no Paraná. Por ser um atlas, não temos o objetivo de debater profundamente conceitos e teoria, mas sim, apresentar dados e informações da realidade que cerca a escravidão nesse estado. Esse tema é importante para destacar que todos os cantos do território brasileiro são alvos da continuação mais brutal de exploração humana por outros seres humanos. Para chegar aos resultados apresentados, usamos das conexões entre uma metodologia qualitativa e dados quantitativos, coletados em bancos de dados, como o Observatório Digital da Erradicação do Trabalho Escravo e Tráfico de Pessoas, Portal Radar do Trabalho e dados analisados por meio de um estudo documental sobre os relatórios de fiscalização dos Grupos Especiais de Fiscalização Móvel (GEFM’s). Destacamos que alguns resultados mais importantes foi a identificação de que 1180 trabalhadores foram resgatados de relações que caracterizavam escravidão contemporânea no estado, sendo 339 em atividades urbanas e 841 em rurais (RADAR SIT, 2021). Os setores envolvidos são o corte e o beneficiamento de pinus e eucalipto, extração de erva-mate, colheita da cana-de-açúcar, construção civil, pecuária e outras atividades agrícolas. Também verificamos que os trabalhadores têm baixa escolaridade e são oriundos da periferia de pequenas, médias e grandes cidades, comunidades tradicionais, povos indígenas e comunidades rurais. Grande parte dos resgates foram em razão das condições degradantes do ambiente de trabalho.
CARTA PÚBLICA DA REDE CEGeT DE PESQUISADORES (RCP)
Authors: Rede CEGeT de Pesquisadores
Published: September 2022

A Rede de Pesquisadores do CEGeT (Centro de Estudos de Geografia do Trabalho), vem à público posicionar-se sobre a divulgação/realização do I Encontro Nacional de Geografia do Trabalho, organizado pela UEG/PPGEO/Campus Cora Coralina; AGB/Goiânia; Grupo de Estudo “Espaço, Sujeito e Existência Dona Alzira”/IESA/UFG, realizado entre 16 e 18 de agosto de 2022.
SECURITIZATION OF AUSTRALIA’S MIGRATION ISSUES DURING SCOTT MORRISON’S LEADERSHIP ERA
Authors: Sabrina Ayu , Susiatiningsih Hermini , Wahyudi Fendy Eko
Published: September 2022

In the last two decades, the Australian Government has intensified the practice of securitizing migration issues. The difference is that the pre-Scott Morrison migration securitization program was more focused on handling cases of Illegal Maritime Arrivals, while the core of Scott Morrison's migration program was to reduce the pressure on the immigrant population. Through the discourse of Planning for Australia's Future Population, Scott Morrison cut the quota of permanent immigrants from 190,000 to 160,000 people. Scott Morrison also implemented immigration transfer policies and migration reforms. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the process of framing the issue of Australian immigrants under the leadership of Scott Morrison. This research uses securitization theory and qualitative methods, particularly process-tracing. As a result, this research found that Scott Morrison, as the securitization actor, intentionally created a speech act and convinced the public that the referent object, namely Australia's national security, was in a threatening situation due to the surge in the immigrant population. Functional actors, including parliament, media, and epistemic groups, reinforced Scott Morrison's speech acts. 
STRATEGY TO REACTIVATE THE EXISTING ATAPUPU FISH AUCTION FACILITY FOR FOOD SECURITY IN THE BELU DISTRICT
Authors: Dwi Putra Rivaldi Ananda , Saputri Rizki Ananda , Lopes Martina Mendonca , Surianingsih Ketut Epi
Published: September 2022

Atapupu Fish Auction Facility (Tempat Pelengan Ikan or TPI) is a place used for fish landing, whether there is a building for mooring (pier) in that place, a sale of fish/sea products, whether by auction or not. TPI Atapupu has an impact on supervision and facilities for fishery resources so that they can be useful as food ingredients in Belu Regency. Currently, the TPI Atapupu has not been operating due to various obstacles since 2007. Therefore, this study aims to determine the reactivation strategy of TPI Atapupu for food security in the Belu Regency. The qualitative approach in this study explains the appropriate ends, means, and ways strategies in the reactivation of TPI Atapupu. Strategy development is based on an analysis of the relationship between TPI Atapupu and food security and the operational constraints of TPI Atatpupu. Food security is the fulfillment of food needs for households which is reflected in the availability of sufficient food, both in quantity and quality, evenly distributed, and affordable. The role of TPI in food security is to be able to provide a sufficient quantity of food; maintain food quality starting from quality, safety, and guaranteed nutrition; and the fulfillment of food needs for the people of Belu Regency. The implementation of the TPI Atapupu reactivation strategy for Food security in the Belu Regency is beneficial for policymakers so that later it can become a guideline in policy making. 
STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AIRPOWER INDONESIA
Authors: Pertiwi Andhini Citra , Sari Marina Ika
Published: September 2022

Dari aspek pertahanan udara, ruang udara negara didefinisikan sebagai proyeksi ke atas dari wilayah permukaan suatu negara baik berupa daratan maupun perairan. Seiring dengan dinamika perkembangan lingkungan strategis, ancaman pertahanan udara semakin kompleks dan multidimensional, mulai dari intrusi udara hingga kemajuan teknologi persenjataan udara yang dapat mengubah cara berperang di masa depan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan airpower Indonesia. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif serta konsep airpower dan strategi dalam menganalisis studi ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia perlu meningkatkan kemampuan airpowernya melalui reformasi organisasi dalam hal dokumen strategis, anggaran pertahanan, dan personel angkatan udara; modernisasi alutsista; dan kesiapan operasi.
Influencia de la recuperación de cartera en la liquidez de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Santa Ana Ltda. 2020
Authors: Alcivar Cedeño María Jimena , Campos Vera José Antonio
Published: September 2022

Introducción. El presente artículo se realiza con la finalidad de dar a conocer cómo influye la recuperación de cartera en la liquidez de la cooperativa de ahorro y Crédito Santa Ana Ltda. en el periodo 2020. Objetivos: El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar cómo a través de la recuperación de cartera en la cooperativa se puede obtener mayor liquidez. Este propósito trae consigo describir el proceso a través del cual se lleva a cabo la recuperación de cartera actualmente en la cooperativa, además diagnosticar los niveles de liquidez de la cooperativa de ahorro y crédito mediante el uso de ratios financieros donde se permite identificar las falencias que tiene la gestión de cobranza o recaudación en la cooperativa de ahorro y crédito, por último proponer estrategias o procesos eficaces a través de los cuales la cooperativa obtenga el retorno de cartera oportunamente. Metodología. La investigación es no experimental de tipo cuanti-cualitativa. La población de estudio corresponde a 10 empleados del área de recuperación de cartera. Debido al bajo número de personas se procedió a utilizar el muestreo probabilístico por conveniencia, lo que implica que se utilizará la población total de estudio. Resultados. Se evidencio que existe en ciertos indicadores financieros un incremento que favorece a la institución, pero debido a la diferencia de liquidez se incide en que los datos obtenidos sobre la recuperación de cartera fueron útiles para analizar una comparación oportuna entre los periodos 2019-2020. Conclusión. En cuanto a la metodología utilizada se considera que su aplicación fue de gran utilidad para la obtención de datos importantes para analizar la incidencia de la recuperación de cartera en la liquidez de la cooperativa y su monitoreo de solvencia financiera.
Monkeypox: an emerging zoonotic disease with pandemic potential
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Abdur
Published: September 2022

Abstract not available

BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 170-171
The relationship between mean platelet volume and dyslipidaemia in patients with metabolic syndrome and newly detected diabetes mellitus
Authors: Anar Fouzia , Amin Mohammod Feroz , Pathan Md Faruque , Afsana Faria
Published: September 2022

Background: High mean platelet volume (MPV) is considered as one of the most emerging cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to find association between MPV and dyslipidaemia in both newly detected diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July to December 2019, at BIRDEM General Hospital and total 115 patients were enrolled in the study. Newly detected diabetes mellitus patients (n=50) were considered in one group, whereas patients with metabolic syndrome (n=65) were in another group. Detailed history, clinical examination and biochemical parameters of the two groups were recorded. MPV was compared between the two groups and also correlated with the components of the metabolic syndrome separately.

Results: Mean age of patients with metabolic syndrome and newly detected diabetes mellitus were 48.65±15.09 and 38.12±16.53 years respectively. Male were predominant in diabetic group (62%) but in metabolic syndrome group female were predominant (57%). MPV was higher in patients with metabolic syndrome (12.06±1.19 fl) than those of newly detected diabetes mellitus (10.51±1.19 fl) and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.000). Total cholesterol (213.18±82 mg/dl) and triglyceride (410.71±416.79mg/dl) in metabolic syndrome were higher than that of diabetes group (total cholesterol-156.62±49.29, triglyceride-191.10±176.18) and this was significant statistically (p=0.000, p=0.001 respectively). Positive correlation was found between MPV and total cholesterol (p=0.002) and triglyceride level (p=0 .000) in metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion: Higher value of MPV was observed in patients with metabolic syndrome. Hypercholetserolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia was also significantly associated with high MPV.

BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 182-187
Outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with different chemotherapeutic regimens (R-DA-EPOCH vs R-CHOP)
Authors: Rahman Tanbin , Akter Mafruha , Ara Tasneem , Biswas Akhil Ranjan , Kabir Alamgir , Khan Mohiuddin Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancy of large B lymphocytes with a diffuse growth pattern. It is the most common type of adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), making up to 30-40% of NHL. Although DLBCL is potentially curable, it remains a challenging lymphoma to manage because of the biological and clinical heterogeneity of the disease.Aim of the study was to compare the outcome of different chemotherapeutic regimens in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Department ofHematology,Dhaka Medical College Hospital(DMCH) from January 2018 to June 2019 including nineteen newly diagnosed DLBCL with stage I to IV A/B cases. Protocol was approved by ethical review committee (ERC) of DMCH. Patients aged e”18 years and < 65 years were enrolled for this study and were divided into two groups as arm A treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-CHOP) (10 cases) and arm B treated with rituximab plus dose adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (R-DA-EPOCH)(9 cases).

Results: Mean age of all patients was 41 years (range 16 to 60 years). Majority (69%) of the patients were below 50 years of age and M: F ratio was 2:1.Seventy percent of patients had Ann Arbor stage III or IV disease in R-CHOP arm and 67% in R-DA-EPOCH arm although international prognostic index (IPI) score was variable (0-4). Raised serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in 70% and 89% of R-CHOP and R-DA-EPOCH arms respectively. Almost 50% of patients were germinal-center B-cell-like (GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in each arm.In arm A, out of ten patients, five (50%) achieved complete remission (CR), one (10%) achieved partial response(PR), three (30%) had progressive disease (PD) and overall response (OR) rate was 60%. In arm B, out of nine patients, five (56%) achieved CR, two (22%) had progressive disease (PD) and two (22%) patients died. In subgroup analysis of outcome of GCB group, there was equal CR rate in both arms(60%, p=0.57), whereas in non-GCB arm, CR was found 40% vs. 50% in R-CHOP vs. R-DA-EPOCH arm respectively (p=0.89).

Conclusion: From the result of this study it can be concluded that, there was no statistically significant difference in respect of outcome of chemotherapy among patients treated with R-DA-EPOCH and R-CHOP.

BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 188-194
Antimicrobial activity of Lannea coromandelica bark extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ferdous Rabeya Nahar , Nebir Sadman Sakib , Das Pranta Kumar , Prova Afsana Helal , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Haque Khan Md Shahinul , Rokeya Begum , Haque Asna Shah Md Zahurul
Published: September 2022

Background: In healthcare facilities, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has long been a common pathogen. Indiscriminate and incomplete uses of antibiotics are creating MRSA more alarming day by day.This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of Lannea coromandelica (Jhika or Indian ash tree) bark extract against MRSA.

Methods: This experimental study was carried out in Department of Microbiology and Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, from January to July, 2021. In this study, a bark extract of Lannea coromandelica was prepared by macerating dried powder of the bark of the Jhika or Indian ash tree. Then bark extract was immersed in methanol, ethanol, and water for 48-72 hours, followed by solvent filtering and evaporation. MRSA were identified by biochemical test and then Kibry-Bauer disc diffusion method employed against MRSA isolates using commonly used antibiotics.Then the antibacterial activity of Lannea coromandelica extracts against MRSA was monitored. The microdilution method was used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bark extracts. Finally, phytochemical screening was carried out only for methanolic extract.

Results: All MRSA isolates were completely resistant to cefoxitin, oxacillin, gentamicin followed by tetracycline. Methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Lannea coromandelica produce maximum zones of inhibition of 14 mm, 13 mm, and 12 mm, respectively, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 3.125 mg/ml to 12.5 mg/ml against MRSA. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract determined the presence of tannin, saponin, flavonoid, phenol which may be the cause of the highest zone of inhibition against MRSA.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that methanol, ethanol and aqueous bark extract of Lannea coromandelica exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against MRSA by disc diffusion method and detailed pharmacological screening should be carried out for the exploration of effective and natural drugs.

BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 201-206
Hypomagnesaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance and its correlation with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahin Tasnova , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Haque Wasim Md Mohosinul , Qader Md Abdul , Faria Labeeba
Published: September 2022

Background: Hypomagnesaemia is linked to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic diabetic complications. Prevalence of hypomagnesaemia is high in patients with T2DM and multiple studies have shown evidence of effect of serum magnesium (Mg) level on glycaemic control in these patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in hospitalized patients with T2DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to evaluate its correlation with glycaemic control.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from November, 2016 to March, 2017 in BIRDEM General Hospital. Hypomagnesaemia was defined as serum Mg concentration <0.7 mmol/L. Patients who had acute diarrhea or vomiting in previous 7 days, patients who had chronic diarrhea or malabsorpsion syndrome or who had recent history of taking diuretics were excluded from the study. Patients’ clinical information were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory information were collected from the hospital records.

Results: Total patients were 100, including T2DM (92) and IGT (8). Thirty nine (42.4%) patients with T2DM and five (62.5%) patients with IGT had hypomagnesaemia. The median (IQR) serum Mg level in patients with T2DM was 0.77 (0.6-0.8) mmol/L and IGT was 0.6 (0.52-0.77) mmol/L. HbA1c was higher among patients with hypomagnesaemia than normal Mg level [median (IQR) 9.4 (7.8-12.7) % vs 8.85 (7.2-9.95) %] though it was not significant (p>0.05). The mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) was 9.82 mmol/l in patients with hypomagnesaemia and 9.63 mmol/l in patients with normal serum Mg. Median 2-hour post prandial blood glucose level was 12 (10.4-16.15) mmol/L in hypomagnesaemia group and 11.7 (10.3-14.7) mmol/L in normal Mg group, though the difference was not statistically significant. There was negative correlation between serum Mg and HbA1c, FBG and post prandial blood glucose level (r, -0.075, -0.003. -0.006 respectively). Among the patients with hypomagnesaemia, the percentage of ischemic heart disease (IHD), diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy was 31.8%, 36.4%, 43.2% and 34.1% compared to 23.2%, 30.4%, 32.1% and 25% respectively in patients with normal Mg level.

Conclusion: Around half of the patients with T2DM and IGT had hypomagnesaemia and patients with hypomagnesaemia were found to have relatively poor glycemic control and had increased rate of diabetic complications. Although relationship between serum magnesium level and glycemic control was not significant, it indicated the need of further research in this aspect.

BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 207-211
Factors contributing to favorable outcome in adults with Bell’s palsy: experience from a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Dilruba , Habib Rumana , Islam Md Rashedul , Rouf Rushda Sharmin Binte , Habib Samira Humaira
Published: September 2022

Background: Bell’s palsy (BP) is the most common cause of lower motor neuron type facial nerve palsy and is one of the most frequently encountered presentations in Neurology. Treatment with corticosteroid and antiviral drugs within 72 hours of onset of symptoms along with supportive treatment is encouraged for better outcome. Despite good prognosis, a significant portion of the patients with BP suffer from disfiguring facial appearance and other complications which remain as great concern of the patients. We aimed to evaluate the factors contributing to favorable outcome in adult with BP.

Methods: Data of patients with BP [House-Brackmann (H-B) Grading III and above], who attended and were followed up at the Department of Neurology of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2017 and December 2020, were reviewed from hospital records and patients’ personal files. Total 56 adult patients with BP were recruited from hospital records according to eligibility criteria. During recruitment and data analysis, patients of H-B Grade III- IV were considered as lower grade and Grade V-VI were considered as higher grade. During follow up Grade I and II were considered as recovered. Comorbidities including diabetes and hypertension were addressed. Patients with BP who attended within 72 hours of onset of symptoms were prescribed steroid and antiviral drugs, whereas patients attending after 72 hours of onset of symptoms received supportive treatment only. All patients of both the groups received physical therapy for facial asymmetry and medication for eye care along with close monitoring and management of diabetes and other comorbidities. H-B Grades were assessed at onset, after 10 days, at the end of 1st and at 3rd month after facial paralysis and depending upon this Grading patients were finally divided into two groups of favorable (H-B Grade I & II) and unfavorable (H-B Grade III or more) outcome. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors for favorable prognosis.

Results: Among the total 56 patients, 45(80.4%) patients had favorable and 11 (19.6%) had unfavorable outcomes at the end of 3rd month. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that younger (at or below 40 year) age group (OR= 1.33; 95% CI, 0.412-4.310, p=0.005), lower H-B Grade at presentation (Grade III – IV) (OR= 2.712; 95% CI, 1.951-3.612, p=0.044) and absence of hypertension (OR=1.14; 95% CI, 0.963- 2.035, p=0.023) were significant.

Conclusion: We concluded that younger age group of patients with lower H-B grade at initial presentation and absence of hypertension all are contributing factors for favorable outcomes in adults with Bell’s palsy.

BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 217-222
Tunneled haemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombi: a case report
Authors: Khanam Farzana , Chowdhury Tufayel Ahmed , Ananna Meheruba Alam , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Iqbal Sarwar
Published: September 2022

Type of vascular access is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving haemodialysis. Though arterio-venous fistula is the optimum choice, yet patients often require central venous catheters for temporary use or sometimes as a breezing option. Central venous catheters may be complicated by sepsis, one of the most common and dreadful complications; intra-atrial thrombus formation is not uncommon and in many instances remain asymptomatic and hence unrecognized. Here, we report a case of intra-atrial thrombi complicating a young boy receiving haemodialysis through central venous catheter, who was managed successfully with combination of anti-coagulation, intravenous antibiotics and catheter removal.

BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 223-225
Knowledge of Hepatitis C Among General Population in Kosovo
Authors: Bytyçi Albiona Rashiti , Rashiti Premtim , Kadiri Fjolla , Svarça Leonora , Xani Albana
Published: September 2022

Goal: The goal of the study was to measure the public awareness on Hepatitis C (HCV) infection, in Prishtina, Kosovo’s capital. The cross-sectional survey was undertaken in October 2019 using an investigator-developed questionnaire about Hepatitis C virus knowledge. With a 95 percent confidence level and a confidence interval of 4.4, a sample size of 502 persons was calculated.
Results: In terms of public awareness about the cause of Hepatitis C, 53 percent of survey participants were appropriately informed. Moreover, 54 percent of survey participants were properly informed about the transmission of Hepatitis C virus through tattooing and piercing procedures. Around 53.6 percent of survey participants were correctly informed that there is still no vaccine for protection against Hepatitis C virus. Regarding, application of knowledge in prevention, only 35.3 percent of the study participants claimed to have been tested for Hepatitis C virus during their routine blood tests. Furthermore, there exist relationship between the age group of the respondents and the knowledge regarding the question that Hepatitis C can be transmitted from the partner. The same relationship exists between the age group of the respondents and the knowledge that Hepatitis C can also be transmitted by blood transfusion and syringe exchange. Yet, other relations exist between the age group of the respondents and the knowledge regarding the chronic carrierof Hepatitis C virus but as well that pregnant women with Hepatitis C can transmit the disease to infants.
Conclusion: Knowledge gaps necessitate public awareness initiatives which may increase testing and diagnosis. Knowledge on Hepatitis C virus might serve as an effective tool in decision making regarding appropriate preventive measures.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 751-758
Can oral administration of colostrum increase the success of first breastfeeding in premature babies? A study of four cases
Authors: Menekse Dilek , Suzan Özge Karakaya , Cinar Nursan , Caner İbrahim
Published: September 2022

Oral administration of colostrum in premature infants has become increasingly common in recent years. Evidence-based studies emphasize that oral administration of colostrum supports immune development in low-birth-weight infants and premature newborns, contributing to the oral microbiota development and reducing the length of stay in hospital. However, its effects on breastfeeding are still not clearly known.This study examines the effect of oral colostrum, which is administered from the first 24 hours of life to the first breast-feeding, on first breast-feeding in very low-birth-weight premature infants who cannot be fed orally. By examining a total of four cases, this study has shown that oral administration of colostrum can be used to increase the success of first breastfeeding. This practice may provide hope for medically vulnerable lowbirth- weight infants,who cannot be fed orally, to benefit more from breast milk.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 912-917
The validity and reliability of the multiple mini-interview in assessing the capabilities of nursing education PhD candidates: A methodological study
Authors: Kolagari Shohreh , Sabzi Zahra , Modanloo Mahnaz , Behnampour Nasser
Published: September 2022

Objective: For a long time, the Single-Station Personal Interview (SSPI) used for nursing PhD admissions has merely evaluated the candidates’ cognitive skills. A new evolution emerged in exams by the introduction of effective evaluation methods such as the Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) and the emphasis on noncognitive skills. The aim of study was to determine the validity and reliability of the MMI in evaluating PhD candidates’ competences.
Materials and methods: This methodological study was conducted in September 2015 on PhD candidates in Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 38 nursing PhD candidates who had passed the first stage of the PhD exam and intend for interview, were recruited through census sampling for the second stage. The data was gathered using checklist based on the proposed and headings of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in six stations with topics on ethical judgments, psychomotor skills, communication skills, rational reasoning and critical thinking. The face and content validity of the tool were assessed by an expert panel. The criterion validity was determined by measuring the correlation between the mean score of the first and the second stages. The construct validity was evaluated by determining the relationship between the mean score of each station and the mean score of MMI. The raters’ agreement was used to assess the reliability.
Results: The face and content validity of the tool were approved by the panel of experts. The highest mean score pertained to the thesis station (74.25±9.10). The finding of criterion validity assessing show that there was not significant correlation between the first-stage written exam scores and the MMI scores (r=0.22, P=0.18). There was a significant relationship between the mean score of all stations and MMI in the evaluation of the construct validity (P<0.001). The rater reliability showed an inter-rater agreement at five stations (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The validity and reliability of the MMI were approved for nursing PhD exams and PhD interviews held through this method can ensure the consistency and accuracy of postgraduate admissions.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 788-794
“They shouted at me to discontinue exclusive breastfeeding”: narratives of mothers in Limpopo Province of South Africa as they grabble with exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: Maponya Nyabana Martha , Matlala Sogo France
Published: September 2022

Objective: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life is an internationally recognised practice that promotes maternal and child health. Mothers and their infants reap health and socioeconomic benefits from exclusive breastfeeding. Even with these benefits, exclusive breastfeeding is still a challenge for some mothers to practice. Many studies revealed numerous challenges and enablers, and proposed comprehensive solutions, but implementation of exclusive breastfeeding for six months remains a challenge although there is some improvement. This study therefore explored barriers and facilitators to practice exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of the infant’s life among mothers attending a health centre in Limpopo Province of South Africa, to contribute to the ongoing measures to increase the practice.
Materials and methods: Mothers were selected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were held with those willing to participate until saturation of data was reached. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Ethical issues of consent, permission and confidentiality were respected as well as trustworthiness criteria.
Results and Discussion: Nine mothers narrated their experiences as they navigated through the exclusive breastfeeding practice. Education on exclusive breastfeeding and social support to a breastfeeding mother emerged as both barriers and facilitators to practice exclusive breastfeeding for six months.
Conclusion: The study recommends that vigorous education on exclusive breastfeeding for six months be given to mothers during antenatal care and be extended to include relatives to empower them to support a breastfeeding mother.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 813-819