bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Holey two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanosheets for efficient energy storage
Authors: Peng Lele , Xiong Pan , Ma Lu , Yuan Yifei , Zhu Yue , Chen Dahong , Luo Xiangyi , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Yu Guihua
Published: April 2017

Transition metal oxide nanomaterials are promising electrodes for alkali-ion batteries owing to their distinct reaction mechanism, abundant active sites and shortened ion diffusion distance. However, detailed conversion reaction processes in terms of the oxidation state evolution and chemical/mechanical stability of the electrodes are still poorly understood. Herein we explore a general synthetic strategy for versatile synthesis of various holey transition metal oxide nanosheets with adjustable hole sizes that enable greatly enhanced alkali-ion storage properties. We employ in-situ transmission electron microscopy and operando X-ray absorption structures to study the mechanical properties, morphology evolution and oxidation state changes during electrochemical processes. We find that these holey oxide nanosheets exhibit strong mechanical stability inherited from graphene oxide, displaying minimal structural changes during lithiation/delithiation processes. These holey oxide nanosheets represent a promising material platform for in-situ probing the electrochemical processes, and could open up opportunities in many energy storage and conversion systems.
Electronegativity determination of individual surface atoms by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Onoda Jo , Ondráček Martin , Jelínek Pavel , Sugimoto Yoshiaki
Published: April 2017

Electronegativity is a fundamental concept in chemistry. Despite its importance, the experimental determination has been limited only to ensemble-averaged techniques. Here, we report a methodology to evaluate the electronegativity of individual surface atoms by atomic force microscopy. By measuring bond energies on the surface atoms using different tips, we find characteristic linear relations between the bond energies of different chemical species. We show that the linear relation can be rationalized by Pauling’s equation for polar covalent bonds. This opens the possibility to characterize the electronegativity of individual surface atoms. Moreover, we demonstrate that the method is sensitive to variation of the electronegativity of given atomic species on a surface due to different chemical environments. Our findings open up ways of analysing surface chemical reactivity at the atomic scale.
A reciprocal regulatory loop between TAZ/YAP and G-protein Gαs regulates Schwann cell proliferation and myelination
Authors: Deng Yaqi , Wu Lai Man Natalie , Bai Shujun , Zhao Chuntao , Wang Haibo , Wang Jincheng , Xu Lingli , Sakabe Masahide , Zhou Wenhao , Xin Mei , Lu Q. Richard
Published: April 2017

Schwann cell (SC) myelination in the peripheral nervous system is essential for motor function, and uncontrolled SC proliferation occurs in cancer. Here, we show that a dual role for Hippo effectors TAZ and YAP in SC proliferation and myelination through modulating G-protein expression and interacting with SOX10, respectively. Developmentally regulated mutagenesis indicates that TAZ/YAP are critical for SC proliferation and differentiation in a stage-dependent manner. Genome-wide occupancy mapping and transcriptome profiling reveal that nuclear TAZ/YAP promote SC proliferation by activating cell cycle regulators, while targeting critical differentiation regulators in cooperation with SOX10 for myelination. We further identify that TAZ targets and represses Gnas, encoding Gαs-protein, which opposes TAZ/YAP activities to decelerate proliferation. Gnas deletion expands SC precursor pools and blocks peripheral myelination. Thus, the Hippo/TAZ/YAP and Gαs-protein feedback circuit functions as a fulcrum balancing SC proliferation and differentiation, providing insights into molecular programming of SC lineage progression and homeostasis.
A peripheral epigenetic signature of immune system genes is linked to neocortical thickness and memory
Authors: Freytag Virginie , Carrillo-Roa Tania , Milnik Annette , Sämann Philipp G. , Vukojevic Vanja , Coynel David , Demougin Philippe , Egli Tobias , Gschwind Leo , Jessen Frank , Loos Eva , Maier Wolfgang , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Scherer Martin , Vogler Christian , Wagner Michael , Binder Elisabeth B. , de Quervain Dominique J. -F. , Papassotiropoulos Andreas
Published: April 2017

Increasing age is tightly linked to decreased thickness of the human neocortex. The biological mechanisms that mediate this effect are hitherto unknown. The DNA methylome, as part of the epigenome, contributes significantly to age-related phenotypic changes. Here, we identify an epigenetic signature that is associated with cortical thickness (P=3.86 × 10−8) and memory performance in 533 healthy young adults. The epigenetic effect on cortical thickness was replicated in a sample comprising 596 participants with major depressive disorder and healthy controls. The epigenetic signature mediates partially the effect of age on cortical thickness (P<0.001). A multilocus genetic score reflecting genetic variability of this signature is associated with memory performance (P=0.0003) in 3,346 young and elderly healthy adults. The genomic location of the contributing methylation sites points to the involvement of specific immune system genes. The decomposition of blood methylome-wide patterns bears considerable potential for the study of brain-related traits.
Reconstructing 3D deformation dynamics for curved epithelial sheet morphogenesis from positional data of sparsely-labeled cells
Authors: Morishita Yoshihiro , Hironaka Ken-ichi , Lee Sang-Woo , Jin Takashi , Ohtsuka Daisuke
Published: April 2017

Quantifying global tissue deformation patterns is essential for understanding how organ-specific morphology is generated during development and regeneration. However, due to imaging difficulties and complex morphology, little is known about deformation dynamics for most vertebrate organs such as the brain and heart. To better understand these dynamics, we propose a method to precisely reconstruct global deformation patterns for three-dimensional morphogenesis of curved epithelial sheets using positional data from labeled cells representing only 1–10% of the entire tissue with limited resolution. By combining differential-geometrical and Bayesian frameworks, the method is applicable to any morphology described with arbitrary coordinates, and ensures the feasibility of analyzing many vertebrate organs. Application to data from chick forebrain morphogenesis demonstrates that our method provides not only a quantitative description of tissue deformation dynamics but also predictions of the mechanisms that determine organ-specific morphology, which could form the basis for the multi-scale understanding of organ morphogenesis.
Volcanic influence on centennial to millennial Holocene Greenland temperature change
Authors: Kobashi Takuro , Menviel Laurie , Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Vinther Bo M. , Box Jason E. , Muscheler Raimund , Nakaegawa Toshiyuki , Pfister Patrik L. , Döring Michael , Leuenberger Markus , Wanner Heinz , Ohmura Atsumu
Published: April 2017

Solar variability has been hypothesized to be a major driver of North Atlantic millennial-scale climate variations through the Holocene along with orbitally induced insolation change. However, another important climate driver, volcanic forcing has generally been underestimated prior to the past 2,500 years partly owing to the lack of proper proxy temperature records. Here, we reconstruct seasonally unbiased and physically constrained Greenland Summit temperatures over the Holocene using argon and nitrogen isotopes within trapped air in a Greenland ice core (GISP2). We show that a series of volcanic eruptions through the Holocene played an important role in driving centennial to millennial-scale temperature changes in Greenland. The reconstructed Greenland temperature exhibits significant millennial correlations with K+ and Na+ ions in the GISP2 ice core (proxies for atmospheric circulation patterns), and δ18O of Oman and Chinese Dongge cave stalagmites (proxies for monsoon activity), indicating that the reconstructed temperature contains hemispheric signals. Climate model simulations forced with the volcanic forcing further suggest that a series of large volcanic eruptions induced hemispheric-wide centennial to millennial-scale variability through ocean/sea-ice feedbacks. Therefore, we conclude that volcanic activity played a critical role in driving centennial to millennial-scale Holocene temperature variability in Greenland and likely beyond.
Revisiting antithrombotic therapeutics; sculptin, a novel specific, competitive, reversible, scissile and tight binding inhibitor of thrombin
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Goldfeder Mauricio Barbugiani , Marques-Porto Rafael , Asif Huma , Souza Jean Gabriel de , Faria Fernanda , Chudzinski-Tavassi Ana Marisa
Published: April 2017

Thrombin is a multifunctional enzyme with a key role in the coagulation cascade. Its functional modulation can culminate into normal blood coagulation or thrombosis. Thus, the identification of novel potent inhibitors of thrombin are of immense importance. Sculptin is the first specific thrombin inhibitor identified in the transcriptomics analysis of tick’s salivary glands. It consists of 168 residues having four similar repeats and evolutionary diverged from hirudin. Sculptin is a competitive, specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin with a Ki of 18.3 ± 1.9 pM (kon 4.04 ± 0.03 × 107 M−1 s−1 and koff 0.65 ± 0.04 × 10−3 s−1). It is slowly consumed by thrombin eventually losing its activity. Contrary, sculptin is hydrolyzed by factor Xa and each polypeptide fragment is able to inhibit thrombin independently. A single domain of sculptin alone retains ~45% of inhibitory activity, which could bind thrombin in a bivalent fashion. The formation of a small turn/helical-like structure by active site binding residues of sculptin might have made it a more potent thrombin inhibitor. In addition, sculptin prolongs global coagulation parameters. In conclusion, sculptin and its independent domain(s) have strong potential to become novel antithrombotic therapeutics.
Heterozygous HbAC but not HbAS is associated with higher newborn birthweight among women with pregnancy-associated malaria
Authors: Tétard Marilou , Milet Jacqueline , Dechavanne Sébastien , Fievet Nadine , Dorin-Semblat Dominique , Elion Jacques , Fairhurst Rick M. , Deloron Philippe , Tuikue-Ndam Nicaise , Gamain Benoît
Published: April 2017

Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Hemoglobin S (HbS) and hemoglobin C (HbC) mutations are frequently encountered in malaria-endemic areas of Africa, where they protect children from severe and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, scant epidemiological data exist on the impact of these Hb variants on PAM. A prospective cohort of 635 Beninese pregnant women was recruited before 24 weeks of gestational age and followed until the end of pregnancy. HbAA, HbAC, and HbAS genotypes were determined and tested for association with pregnancy outcomes and PAM indicators using linear and logistic multivariate models. Newborns from HbAC mothers had higher birthweights than those from HbAA mothers among women infected at any time during pregnancy (mean difference 182.9 g, p = 0.08), or during the first half of pregnancy (654.3 g, p = 0.0006). No such birthweight differences were observed between newborns from HbAS and HbAA mothers. HbAC and HbAS were not associated with other pregnancy outcomes or PAM indicators. In conclusion, HbAC but not HbAS is associated with an improved birth outcome in pregnant women with documented PAM. Higher-birthweight newborns from HbAC mothers may have a survival advantage that contributes to the natural selection of HbC in malaria-endemic areas.
Blue-light reception through quaternary transitions
Authors: Engelhard Christopher , Diensthuber Ralph P. , Möglich Andreas , Bittl Robert
Published: April 2017

Sensory photoreceptors absorb light via their photosensor modules and trigger downstream physiological adaptations via their effector modules. Light reception accordingly depends on precisely orchestrated interactions between these modules, the molecular details of which often remain elusive. Using electron-electron double resonance (ELDOR) spectroscopy and site-directed spin labelling, we chart the structural transitions facilitating blue-light reception in the engineered light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) histidine kinase YF1 which represents a paradigm for numerous natural signal receptors. Structural modelling based on pair-wise distance constraints derived from ELDOR pinpoint light-induced rotation and splaying apart of the two LOV photosensors in the dimeric photoreceptor. Resultant molecular strain likely relaxes as left-handed supercoiling of the coiled-coil linker connecting sensor and effector units. ELDOR data on a photoreceptor variant with an inverted signal response indicate a drastically altered dimer interface but light-induced structural transitions in the linker that are similar to those in YF1. Taken together, we provide mechanistic insight into the signal trajectories of LOV photoreceptors and histidine kinases that inform molecular simulations and the engineering of novel receptors.
Method for emissivity measurement of semitransparent coatings at ambient temperature
Authors: Honnerová Petra , Martan Jiří , Veselý Zdeněk , Honner Milan
Published: April 2017

Coatings deposited on a material surface are effective way of changing its surface properties. For increasing or decreasing radiation heat transfer, coatings with high or low emissivity are used. Measurement of spectral emissivity is a fundamental step to effective use of coatings for this application. Up to now the measurement methods are focused on bulk samples and mainly opaque ones. Here we present a method enabling measurement of emissivity of semitransparent coating itself, although it is deposited on a substrate. The method is based on measurement of transmittance and reflectance using an integration sphere system and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer for samples with two different coating thicknesses deposited on transparent substrates. Measured transmittance of the coating indicates spectral regions of potential emissivity differences using different substrates. From all the measured values, spectral emissivity can be characterized for different coating thicknesses. The spectral range of the method is from 2 μm to 20 μm. The measurement is done at ambient temperature enabling measurement of samples sensitive to heating like biomedical or nanocoatings. The method was validated on known bulk samples and an example of semitransparent coating measurement is shown on high-temperature high-emissivity coating.
Unveiling quasi-dark surface plasmon modes in Au nanoring cavities by cathodoluminescence
Authors: Du Chenglin , Cai Wei , Wu Wei , Xiang Yinxiao , Wang Lei , Ren Mengxin , Zhang Xinzheng , Xu Jingjun
Published: April 2017

Spectral resolving and imaging surface plasmon modes in noble metal nanostructures are important for applications in nanophotonics. Here, we use cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy to excite and probe quasi-dark plasmon modes of Au nanoring cavities. Numerical simulations of both the spectra and the electromagnetic field distribution are carried out by using boundary element method. Good agreement between the experimental and simulated results is obtained. Particularly, CL is shown as an efficient method to probe quadrupole modes, which is difficult for traditional optical means. Moreover, a high Purcell factor in excess of 100 is obtained for the dark quadrupole modes in gold ring cavities. Our work provides an efficient way to explore the initial nature of surface plasmon modes in metal nanostructures.
Photoplethysmography for the Assessment of Haemorheology
Authors: Njoum Haneen , Kyriacou Panayiotis A.
Published: April 2017

Haemorheology has been long identified as an early biomarker of a wide range of diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. This study investigates for the first time the suitability of Photoplethysmography (PPG) as a non-invasive diagnostic method for haemorheological changes. The sensitivity of both PPG components (AC and DC) to changes in haemorheology were rigorously investigated in an in vitro experimental setup that mimics the human circulation. A custom-made reflectance PPG sensor, a pressure transducer and an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter were used to map changes in flow dynamics and optical responses in an arterial model. The study investigated the effect of shear rates by varying fluid pumping frequencies using 4 set-points and the effect of clot formation using a chemical trigger. Both PPGAC amplitudes and PPGDC levels showed significant (p < 0.001) changes during the increase in shear rates and an immediate change after thromboplastin activation. The findings highlight that PPG has the potential to be used as a simple non-invasive method for the detection of blood characteristics, including disaggregation, radial migration and cross-linking fibrin formations. Such capability will enable the assessment of the effects of clotting-activators and anticoagulants (including non-pharmacological methods) and might aid in the early non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular pathologies.
Binder Free Hierarchical Mesoporous Carbon Foam for High Performance Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Zhou Zhengping , Zhang Hua , Zhou Yan , Qiao Hui , Gurung Ashim , Naderi Roya , Elbohy Hytham , Smirnova Alevtina L. , Lu Huitian , Chen Shuiliang , Qiao Qiquan
Published: April 2017

A hierarchical mesoporous carbon foam (ECF) with an interconnected micro-/mesoporous architecture was prepared and used as a binder-free, low-cost, high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries. Due to its high specific surface area (980.6 m2/g), high porosity (99.6%), light weight (5 mg/cm3) and narrow pore size distribution (~2 to 5 nm), the ECF anode exhibited a high reversible specific capacity of 455 mAh/g. Experimental results also demonstrated that the anode thickness significantly influence the specific capacity of the battery. Meanwhile, the ECF anode retained a high rate performance and an excellent cycling performance approaching 100% of its initial capacity over 300 cycles at 0.1 A/g. In addition, no binders, carbon additives or current collectors are added to the ECF based cells that will increase the total weight of devices. The high electrochemical performance was mainly attributed to the combined favorable hierarchical structures which can facilitate the Li+ accessibility and also enable the fast diffusion of electron into the electrode during the charge and discharge process. The synthesis process used to make this elastic carbon foam is readily scalable to industrial applications in energy storage devices such as li-ion battery and supercapacitor.
Capillary zone electrophoresis–mass spectrometry with microliter-scale loading capacity, 140 min separation window and high peak capacity for bottom-up proteomics
Authors: Chen Daoyang , Shen Xiaojing , Sun Liangliang
Published: April 2017

CZE–MS can approach a microliter-scale loading capacity and a 140 min separation window for large-scale bottom-up proteomics.
Calibration transfer of flour NIR spectra between benchtop and portable instruments
Authors: Bizerra Brito Anna Luiza , Pereira Santos Ada Vivianny , Tavares Melo Milanez Karla Danielle , José Coelho Pontes Márcio , Bezerra Lira Pontes Liliana Fátima
Published: April 2017

This work reports on the use of different strategies of calibration transfer to determine crude protein and fiber properties in samples of flours analyzed with benchtop (primary) and portable (secondary) NIR instruments.
Dynamic background noise removal from overlapping GC-MS peaks via an entropy minimization algorithm
Authors: Chua Chun Kiang , Lv Yunbo , Zhang Hua Jun , Gu Xiao Yu
Published: April 2017

An entropy minimization approach is applied as a dynamic background noise removal system. Clean and pure mass spectra were extracted from overlapping GC-MS peaks and led to the accurate identification of chemical compounds.
A glucometer-based strategy for sensitive DNA methyltransferase activity detection via a polymerization nicking reaction and enzyme amplification
Authors: Chen Ying , Yi Hongchao
Published: April 2017

The polymerization nicking reaction (PNR) and invertase enzyme amplify the glucometer signal output to achieve simple and sensitive detection of DNA methyltransferase (MTase) activity.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of blood for sensitive detection of blood hematocrit, sedimentation and dielectric properties
Authors: Zhbanov A. , Yang S.
Published: April 2017

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a highly promising tool for the analysis of blood.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering using monolayer graphene-encapsulated Ag nanoparticles as a substrate for sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Qiu Lu , Tian Yunfei , Lee Yong-Ill , Hou Xiandeng , Wu Li
Published: April 2017

CVD-grown monolayer graphene-encapsulated Ag nanoparticles are used as an effective SERS substrate for selective and sensitive detection of TNT.
Influence of high energy electron irradiation on the network structure of gelatin hydrogels as investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Authors: Wisotzki Emilia I. , Tempesti Paolo , Fratini Emiliano , Mayr Stefan G.
Published: April 2017

Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed ranging structural differences in physically entangled and irradiation-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels.
What are the key factors governing the nucleation of CO2 hydrate?
Authors: He Zhongjin , Linga Praveen , Jiang Jianwen
Published: April 2017

Microsecond molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide molecular insights into the nucleation of CO2 hydrate.
Understanding the electronic and phonon transport properties of a thermoelectric material BiCuSeO: a first-principles study
Authors: Fan D. D. , Liu H. J. , Cheng L. , Zhang J. , Jiang P. H. , Wei J. , Liang J. H. , Shi J.
Published: April 2017

Using the first-principles pseudopotential method and Boltzmann transport theory, we give a comprehensive understanding of the electronic and phonon transport properties of a thermoelectric material BiCuSeO.
Dual-core star-shaped single white polymers: the effect of host structure on luminescence properties
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yao Huimei , Wei Kexi , Zhen Hongyu , Yang E. , Lin Zhenghuan , Ling Qidan
Published: April 2017

A new strategy for pure star-like polymers with white emission is presented to design dual-core polymers (DC-PFMs) which exhibit a higher quantum yield and a more efficient energy transfer from the host to the guest than traditional single-core polymers (SC-PFMs).
Construction of ultrafine TiO2 nanoparticle and SnNb2O6 nanosheet 0D/2D heterojunctions with abundant interfaces and significantly improved photocatalytic activity
Authors: Jin Yu , Jiang Deli , Li Di , Chen Min
Published: April 2017

Novel well-dispersed ultrafine TiO2 nanoparticle/SnNb2O6 nanosheet 0D/2D heterojunctions have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method.
An economically viable ionic liquid for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Brandt-Talbot Agnieszka , Gschwend Florence J. V. , Fennell Paul S. , Lammens Tijs M. , Tan Bennett , Weale James , Hallett Jason P.
Published: April 2017

Cost-effective fractionation (pretreatment) of lignocellulosic biomass is necessary to enable its large-scale use as a source of liquid fuels, bio-based materials and bio-derived chemicals.
Eyeglasses based wireless electrolyte and metabolite sensor platform
Authors: Sempionatto Juliane R. , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Pavinatto Adriana , Mensah Samantha T. , Imani Somayeh , Mercier Patrick , Wang Joseph
Published: April 2017

We presented the first example of a fully integrated eyeglasses wireless multiplexed chemical sensing platform capable of simultaneous real-time monitoring of sweat electrolytes and metabolites.
Synthesis of benzo[d]thiazole-hydrazone analogues: molecular docking and SAR studies of potential H+/K+ATPase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents
Authors: Wang Shi-Meng , Zha Gao-Feng , Rakesh K. P. , Darshini N. , Shubhavathi T. , Vivek H. K. , Mallesha N. , Qin Hua-Li
Published: April 2017

A series of new benzo[d]thiazole-hydrazones were synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques.
Decoding the anticancer activity of VO-clioquinol compound: the mechanism of action and cell death pathways in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: León Ignacio E. , Díez Paula , Baran Enrique J. , Etcheverry Susana B. , Fuentes Manuel
Published: April 2017

Vanadium compounds were studied in recent years by considering them as a representative of a new class of non-platinum metal anticancer drugs.
Photocrosslinked PVDF-based star polymer coatings: an all-in-one alternative to PVDF/PMMA blends for outdoor applications
Authors: Lopez Gérald , Guerre Marc , Améduri Bruno , Habas Jean-Pierre , Ladmiral Vincent
Published: April 2017

A 4-arm PVDF photocrosslinked coating displays outstanding adhesion properties to a metal surface, and tunable surface energy and water contact angle.
A fast track for the accurate determination of methoxyl and ethoxyl groups in lignin
Authors: Sumerskii Ivan , Zweckmair Thomas , Hettegger Hubert , Zinovyev Grigory , Bacher Markus , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje
Published: April 2017

Robust and fast quantification of methoxyl and ethoxyl groups in all types of lignin.
Thiourea catalysed reduction of α-keto substituted acrylate compounds using Hantzsch ester as a reducing agent in water
Authors: Weng Guanglin , Ma Xiaobo , Fang Dongmei , Tan Ping , Wang Lijiao , Yang Linlin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qian Shan , Wang Zhouyu
Published: April 2017

The first method for the reduction of α-keto substituted acrylate compounds by Hantzsch ester in water under the catalysis of thiourea has been developed. The products were isolated with moderate to high yields (38–95%).
Evaluation of the protective effects of 13 traditional Chinese medicine compounds on ionizing radiation injury: bupleurum, shenmai, and breviscapine as candidate radioprotectors
Authors: He Xin , Long Wei , Dong Hui , Wang Chunhua , Chu Xiaofei , Zheng Qisheng , Fan Saijun
Published: April 2017

Drugs are being sought that are effective as radioprotection for use in both planned and unplanned radiation exposure.
A DFT study on the reaction mechanism between tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone and H2O2and an alternative reaction approach to produce the hydroxyl radical
Authors: Li Ping , Guo Chao , Feng Wenling , Sun Qiao , Wang Weihua
Published: April 2017

The reaction mechanism between tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone and H2O2was studied theoretically and an alternative approach to produce the hydroxyl radical was proposed.
Multi-wavelength excited white-emitting K2Gd(1−x)(PO4)(WO4):xDy3+ phosphors with satisfactory thermal properties for UV-LEDs
Authors: Guo Yue , Moon Byung Kee , Choi Byung Chun , Jeong Jung Hyun , Kim Jung Hwan
Published: April 2017

Luminescent multi-wavelength excited K2Gd(1−x)(PO4)(WO4):xDy3+ phosphors have excellent thermal stability and warm white emissions.
Impact of interfacial effects on ferroelectric resistance switching of Au/BiFeO3/Nb:SrTiO3(100) Schottky junctions
Authors: He Shumin , Liu Guolei , Zhu Yinlian , Ma Xiuliang , Sun Jirong , Kang Shishou , Yan Shishen , Chen Yanxue , Mei Liangmo , Jiao Jun
Published: April 2017

Direct evidence of purely interfacial effects on resistance switching is demonstrated in Au/BiFeO3/Nd:SrTiO3(001) (Au/BFO/NSTO) Schottky junctions by reducing the thickness of ferroelectric interlayer BFO.
Efficient synthesis of ponasterone A by recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the glycosyltransferase GTBP1with in situ product removal
Authors: Li Bingfeng , He Xuejun , Fan Bo , Chu Jianlin , He Bingfang
Published: April 2017

A glycosyltransferase GTBP1fromBacillus pumilusBF1 was isolated.
Surface spermidine functionalized PEGylated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery
Authors: Li Jianming , Mao Juan , Tang Jing , Li Guo , Fang Fengling , Tang Yana , Ding Jinsong
Published: April 2017

SPD functionalized nanoparticles could target the delivery of a drug into tumor cells by binding specifically with PTS.
A comparative degradation study of commercial lithium-ion cells under low-temperature cycling
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Ge Hao , Huang Jun , Li Zhe , Zhang Jianbo
Published: April 2017

Severe deterioration of lithium-ion cells at low temperatures constitutes one of the bottlenecks for the wide adoption of electric vehicles.
Facile preparation of hybrid vesicles loaded with silica nanoparticles via aqueous photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Tan Jianbo , Liu Dongdong , Zhang Xuechao , Huang Chundong , He Jun , Xu Qin , Li Xueliang , Zhang Li
Published: April 2017

We report a photoinitiated dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) in the presence of silica nanoparticles using a poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA).
Reusable ionic liquid-catalyzed oxidative esterification of carboxylic acids with benzylic hydrocarbons via benzylic Csp3–H bond activation under metal-free conditions
Authors: Mou Fen , Sun Yadong , Jin Weiwei , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Bin , Liu Zhiqing , Guo Lei , Huang Jianbin , Liu Chenjiang
Published: April 2017

A protocol for oxidation of the Csp3–H bond in benzylic hydrocarbons with carboxylic acids using ionic liquid as reusable catalyst has been reported.
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) as a model for studying inhibition of protein–protein interactions
Authors: Burslem George M. , Kyle Hannah F. , Nelson Adam , Edwards Thomas A. , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: April 2017

The state of the art in identifying protein–protein interaction inhibitors of hypoxia inducible factor – a promising target for anticancer drug design – is described.
Heteroelement Y-doped α-Ni(OH)2nanosheets with excellent pseudocapacitive performance
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhao Yufei , An Weidan , Xing Li , Gao Yanfang , Liu Jinrong
Published: April 2017

High-conductivity Y (yttrium) doped α-Ni(OH)2nanosheets hold great potential for assembling high-performance energy storage devices.
Overcoming cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma through the miR-199a-modulated inhibition of HIF-1α
Authors: Keremu Ajimu , Aini Abudureyimu , Maimaitirexiati Yusufuaji , Liang Zhilin , Aila Pazila , Xierela Paizila , Tusun Aikebaier , Moming Hanikezi , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang
Published: April 2017

Dysregulation of miRNAs has been shown to contribute to multiple tumorigenic processes, as well as to correlate with tumour progression and prognosis. miR-199a has been shown to be dysregulated in multiple tumour types. However, the association between miR-199a and the chemoresistance features of osteosarcoma are not well understood, the target genes for miR-199a and the regulatory mechanisms are also unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-199a is expressed at low levels in osteosarcoma cells and patient samples. By the selection and establishment of cisplatin resistant osteosarcoma cell line, we observed a correlation between miR-199a and cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma cells: resistant cells exhibit attenuated miR-199a expressions and exogenous overexpression of miR-199a sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin. Moreover, we identified HIF-1α as a direct target for miR-199a. Intriguingly, cisplatin resistant osteosarcoma cells display significantly elevated HIF-1α expression under hypoxia. We report here overexpression of miR-199a resensitizes cisplatin resistant cells to cisplatin through inhibition of HIF-1α in vitro and in vivo. Finally, by analysing the clinical osteosarcoma patient samples, we demonstrate a reverse correlation between miR-199a and HIF-1α mRNAs. Our study will provide mechanisms for the miRNA-mediated anticancer therapy and miR-199a may be considered a promising therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma patients who fail to respond to conventional chemotherapy.
Effect of rivaroxaban on preventing deep vein thrombosis in aged diabetics with femoral neck fractures after hip replacement
Authors: Zhang Yi-Min , Jiang Xin , Sun Yan-Shan
Published: April 2017

The present study estimates the effect of rivaroxaban on preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in aged diabetics with femoral neck fractures after hip replacement. Our study consisted of 236 aged diabetics with femoral neck fractures, which were divided into the rivaroxaban and control groups. Reaction time (R time), clot formation time (K time), α angle (α), maximum amplitude (MA), clot elasticity (G) and coagulation index (CI), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured. DVT was diagnosed by color duplex Doppler ultrasound (CDDU). The risk factors of DVT were analysed by logistic regression analysis. Compared with the control group, in the rivaroxaban group, R time and K time were extended and α, MA and G decreased 1 day before operation. One day after operation, the rivaroxaban group had less PT and APPT and lower incidence of DVT than the control group. In the two groups, preoperative and postoperative PT and APPT significantly differed. Body mass index (BMI) ≥25, abnormal coagulation indicators, use of cemented femoral hip prosthesis, high haemoglobin content and non-ankle pump exercise after operation were the risk factors for DVT. Rivaroxaban could prevent DVT in aged diabetics with femoral neck fractures after hip replacement.
Novel protection scheme for residual current device‐based electric fault time detection and touch current identification
Authors: Han Xiaohui , Sheng Wanxing , Du Songhuai , Su Juan , Liu Guangeng
Published: April 2017

This study proposes a novel protection scheme for residual current devices (RCDs) based on the theory of skewness and the least squares‐support vector machine (LS‐SVM). The skewness of the residual current is applied to detect the electric shock fault time, and the LS‐SVM regression technique is used to perform touch current identification. The experimental test results indicate that the protection scheme can not only detect the electric shock fault time correctly and rapidly but also effectively recognise the circulation through the animal's current. Moreover, the proposed protection technique can provide valuable information for developing new generations of RCDs.
Characteristics of electromechanical disturbance propagation in non‐uniform power systems
Authors: Wang Delin , Ma Ningning , Guo Cheng
Published: April 2017

A disturbance in anywhere of an interconnected power system will cause system oscillation that propagates in the entire power grid in the form of a wave. A disturbance propagation model for power systems is proposed to investigate the dispersion relation of the discrete model. Then, the reflection and transmission phenomena are discussed in the non‐uniform power system model, and the influences of disturbance oscillation frequency on the reflection and transmission coefficients are analysed. Finally, a chain system and a New England benchmark test system are used to validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis. This work is meaningful to analyse the electromechanical dynamics of power systems and control the disturbance propagation.
Moisture effect on conductivity of kraft paper immersed in power transformer vegetable‐based insulation oils
Authors: Suleiman Abubakar Abdullkareem , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Bashir Nouruddeen , Arief Yanuar Zulardiansyah , Abdul Rahman Mohd Nazri , Phung Bao Toan
Published: April 2017

Vegetable insulation oils in transformers have become a reality. However, they are inherently hydrophilic and can absorb much moisture. Existence of moisture in transformer insulation will generally lower the breakdown voltage of oil. Moisture will also accelerate cellulose deterioration by increasing its dc conductivity. Both oil and cellulose are components of the transformer insulation system. It is therefore important to understand how this class of oils retains their dielectric strength and their relationship with kraft paper (KP) after absorbing so much moisture. This study presents effect of moisture increase in three samples of vegetable oil and its effect on dc conductivity of KP samples immersed in the oils. The dc conductivity of the samples is calculated based on dielectric response polarisation and depolarisation current measured. The result shows that KP in vegetable insulation oil performs better when the oil samples are wetter and drying the vegetable insulation oil accelerates KP degradation. The finding will help to understand of the deterioration of cellulose when immersed in the oil.
Phonon interactions with methyl radicals in single crystals
Authors: Wells James W.
Published: April 2017

The high temperature ESR spectra’s anomalous appearance at very low temperatures for the methyl radical created in single crystals is explained by magnetic dipole interactions with neighboring protons. These protons acting via phonon vibrations induce resonant oscillations with the methyl group to establish a very temperature sensitive ‘‘relaxation’’ mode that allows the higher energy ‘‘E’’ state electrons with spin 12 to ‘‘decay’’ into ‘‘A’’ spin 12 states. Because of the amplitude amplification with temperature, the ‘‘E’’ state population is depleted and the ‘‘A’’ state population augmented to produce the high temperature ESR spectrum. This phenomenon is found to be valid for all but the very highest barriers to methyl group tunneling. In support, a time dependent spin population study shows this temperature evolution in the state populations under this perturbation.
A multi-region analysis of factors that influence public acceptance of smoke from different fire sources
Authors: Olsen Christine S. , Toman Eric , Frederick Stacey
Published: April 2017

The increase in area burned by wildfire has simultaneously brought increased concern about smoke impacts, both from wildfires and fires intentionally set to manage landscapes. Public concern about the potential health and other impacts of smoke can cause apprehension among managers who are considering prescribed burns, some to the point that they choose not to burn. Yet, very little is known about public acceptance of smoke. Using results from public surveys in four states, this paper explores the factors that influence public acceptance of smoke from six types of fire (wildfire, prescribed fire, agricultural burns, managed fire, pile burns and burns on private lands) as well as aggregate acceptance across all fire types. Overall, the public is generally accepting of smoke, particularly for fire types that are either viewed as uncontrollable (wildfire) or providing benefits to broader society rather than individuals. However, a sizable minority does not accept smoke. Factors that influence acceptance of smoke vary by fire type, but several coincided for multiple types of fire, including both health and non-health related risk, confidence in managing agencies, beliefs about benefits of prescribed fire use and rural living, among others. Prior experience with negative health impacts from smoke only influenced acceptance for agricultural burns.
Spread of Zika virus in the Americas
Authors: Zhang Qian , Sun Kaiyuan , Chinazzi Matteo , Pastore y Piontti Ana , Dean Natalie E. , Rojas Diana Patricia , Merler Stefano , Mistry Dina , Poletti Piero , Rossi Luca , Bray Margaret , Halloran M. Elizabeth , Longini Ira M. , Vespignani Alessandro
Published: April 2017

Significance

Mathematical and computational modeling approaches can be essential in providing quantitative scenarios of disease spreading, as well as projecting the impact in the population. Here we analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of the Zika virus epidemic in the Americas with a microsimulation approach informed by high-definition demographic, mobility, and epidemic data. The model provides probability distributions for the time and place of introduction of Zika in Brazil, the estimate of the attack rate, timing of the epidemic in the affected countries, and the projected number of newborns from women infected by Zika. These results are potentially relevant in the preparation and analysis of contingency plans aimed at Zika virus control.
What do you mean “This isn’t the question”?
Authors: Enoch David , McPherson Tristram
Published: April 2017

This is a contribution to the symposium on Tim Scanlon’sBeing Realistic about Reasons(2014). We have two aims here: First, we ask for more details about Scanlon’s meta-metaphysical view (about his notion of a domain, his criterion of existence, his ambition to remain ontologically thin, and on the role of pragmatic considerations in Scanlon’s picture), showing problems with salient clarifications. And second, we raise independent objections to the view – to its explanatory productivity, its distinctness, and the argumentative support it enjoys.
Effects of high‐intensity interval training on canoeing performance
Authors: Yang Ming‐Ta , Lee Mien‐Mien , Hsu Shu‐Ching , Chan Kuei‐Hui
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) utilizing a canoeing ergometer on endurance determinants, as well as aerobic and anaerobic performances among flat‐water canoeists. Fourteen well‐trained male flat‐water canoeists were divided into an HIIT group or an MICT group. All subjects performed a continuous graded exercise test (GXT) and three fixed‐distance (200, 500, and 1000 m) performance tests on a canoeing ergometer to determine canoeing economy, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and power at VO2peak, and to calculate the critical velocity (CV) and anaerobic work capacity before and after the training programmes. The training programme involved training on a canoeing ergometer three times per week for four weeks. HIIT consisted of seven 2 min canoeing bouts at an intensity of 90% VO2peak separated by 1 min of rest. The MICT group was trained at an intensity of 65% VO2peak continuously for 20 min. After four weeks of training, performance in the 200‐m distance test and the power at VO2peak significantly improved in the HIIT group; performance in the 500 m and 1000 m distances and CV significantly improved in the MICT group. However, all variables were not significantly different between groups. It is concluded that HIIT for four weeks is an effective training strategy for improvement of short‐distance canoeing performance. In contrast, MICT improves middle‐distance canoeing performances and aerobic capacity.
Colonial Australian Gothic Literature
Authors: Gelder Ken
Published: April 2017

Frontier colonial Gothic literature in Australia gives expression to the experience and aftermath of violent encounters between settlers and Indigenous people on the frontier. This includes “hut literature” about shepherds in remote locations and the way in which these stories worked toward the establishment of colonial settlement and authority. Colonial development distances the Gothic from the frontier, to which it returns in belated and spectral ways. The post-frontier colonial Gothic can be considered in these terms, in stories by Francis Adams, Hume Nisbet, and Marcus Clarke. Clarke also provides examples of convict Gothic literature in colonial Australia, in particular with the serialization of His Natural Life (1870–1872). In Gothic bushranger narratives and some colonial Gothic poetry, the symbolic distance from the frontier brings with it an increased “occultization” of the bush. Marcus Clarke’s famous account of “weird melancholy” evokes spectral Aboriginal presences linked to the Lemurian novel in Australia, a popular version of the post-frontier Gothic. Some narratives by Rosa Praed, including the novel Outlaw and Lawmaker (1893) and “The Bunyip” (1891), offer images of frontier violence that produce a range of effects among settlers, from excitement to disorientation. “The Bunyip” in particular throws a shadow over the prospect of a settler colonial future; this is typical of the kind of melancholy project represented in later examples of the colonial Australian Gothic.
Nutrition Labeling in Health and Risk Messaging in Asia
Authors: Lwin May O. , Lau Jerrald , Yee Andrew Z. H. , Au Cyndy
Published: April 2017

Populated by a diverse spread of cultures, Southeast Asia is represented by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a regional organization comprising some 622 million people in ten countries. While food and beverage labeling policies differ across ASEAN member states, organizations such as the ASEAN Food and Beverage Alliance (AFBA) have pushed for standardization in the interest of facilitating interregional trade. Set against this backdrop of economic growth, nutrition labeling as a means of influencing consumer choices has become a significant area of focus for health authorities and researchers over the past two decades due to rising chronic disease levels within the region’s increasingly urbanized communities.

Food retail trends facing Southeast Asia challenge the state of existing regulations governing, as well as research on food labeling practices in the region. Two main points stand out. First, legislation has remained disparate among the ASEAN nations despite repeated calls for standardization by academics as well as other relevant bodies, with only Malaysia adopting mandatory regulations on food labeling and nutritional claims. Second, existing nutrition labeling research in ASEAN is sorely lacking. In addition, there is a lack of theoretical and methodological diversity in existing studies, leading to an incomplete understanding of nutritional label use in Asia and a crucial research gap that remains to be filled.
Effects of Rapid Climate Change on Violence and Conflict
Authors: Plante Courtney , Allen Johnie J. , Anderson Craig A.
Published: April 2017

Given the dire nature of many researchers’ predictions about the effects of global climate change (e.g., rising sea levels, droughts, more extreme weather), it comes as little surprise that less attention has been paid to the subtler, less direct outcomes of rapid climate change: psychological, sociological, political, and economic effects. In this chapter we explore one such outcome in particular: the effects of rapid climate change on aggression. We begin by exploring the potential for climate change to directly affect aggression in individuals, focusing on research showing the relationship between uncomfortably hot ambient temperature and aggression. Next, we review several lines of research illustrating ways that climate change can indirectly increase aggression in individuals. We then shift our focus from individuals to the effects of climate change on group-level aggression. We finish by addressing points of contention, including the challenge that the effects of climate change on aggression are too remote and too small to be considered relevant.
Shifting Roles of Science Journalists Covering Climate Change
Authors: Brüggemann Michael
Published: April 2017

Climate journalism is a moving target. Driven by its changing technological and economic contexts, challenged by the complex subject matter of climate change, and immersed in a polarized and politicized debate, climate journalism has shifted and diversified in recent decades. These transformations hint at the emergence of a more interpretive, sometimes advocacy-oriented journalism that explores new roles beyond that of the detached conduit of elite voices. At the same time, different patterns of doing climate journalism have evolved, because climate journalists are not a homogeneous group. Among the diversity of journalists covering the issue, a small group of expert science and environmental reporters stand out as opinion leaders and sources for other journalists covering climate change only occasionally. The former group’s expertise and specialization allow them to develop a more investigative and critical attitude toward both the deniers of anthropogenic climate change and toward climate science.