bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergising Brands
Authors: Semwal Rajeev , Tripathi Nandita , Tyagi Priyanka , Singh Amrik
Published: September 2024

Tourism marketing relies more on licensing and collaboration for brand expansion and market penetration. In this chapter, licensing and collaboration in the tourism industry are shown to boost growth and innovation. Tourism brands can expand their reach by licensing their intellectual property to third parties, increasing revenue and brand visibility. Collaboration between businesses, governments, and local communities promotes resource sharing and innovation, improving marketing campaigns and visitor experiences. It discusses the pros and cons of these strategies, including the need for clear agreements, risk management, and partner goal alignment. It also discusses digital licensing, sustainability, and how technology will shape future strategies. Tourism brands can use licensing and collaboration to complement their strengths, create unique offerings, and gain a competitive edge. The chapter explains how these strategies can be used to navigate the changing tourism landscape through case studies and practical insights.
Fabrication and Applications of Advanced and Innovative Nano-Composite Materials
Authors: Khobragade Nidhi
Published: September 2024

Materials with minimum one phase in the nanometer range (1-100 nm) are considered nanocomposites. Nanocomposites are very promising material for a huge diversity of applications in various fields due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and machining properties. These materials possess enhanced and exceptional properties compared with other conventional materials, which make the application of nanocomposites in many potential areas. Much research has been done to promote and improve the properties and characteristics of nanocomposites using various manufacturing methods. This chapter represents the overview of enhanced features and matrix materials used in nanocomposites with their important aspects. The various fabrication techniques are discussed in this chapter, along with their applications and current and future aspects. This will ensure upcoming researchers to find revolutionary nanocomposites with advanced applications.
Hydrogels With Nanomaterials Integrated for 3D Bioprinting Technology
Authors: Jain Nipun , Waidi Yusuf Olatunji , Vannaladsaysy Vilay , Pathote Dileep , Datta Sudipto
Published: September 2024

Different hydrogels produced from the extracellular matrix have been used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to create implantable scaffolds and tissues. Even though these hydrogels have a lot of potential for the healthcare industry, typical bioinks made of ECM hydrogels have several drawbacks, most notably the inability to have the mechanical qualities needed for the 3D bioprinting process. In this study, the authors primarily covered recent developments in 3D bioprinting technology for creating tailored tissues and monitoring systems using nanobioinks and nanomaterials. They emphasized the synergistic advantages of incorporating several nanoparticles into ECM hydrogels and using 3D bioprinting technology to impose geometrical features. Additionally, they spoke in detail about important problems that still need to be resolved, like the uneven dispersion of nanoparticles and the ensuing technological and practical difficulties in creating intricate three-dimensional structures using nanobioinks and nanomaterials.
Potential Threats of AI and Solutions
Authors: Yenigün Deniz , Gökoğlu Seyfullah
Published: September 2024

This chapter examines the effects, potential dangers, and solutions of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design sector. The chapter addresses several critical issues, including integrating AI technology into design processes, the impact of AI on labor dynamics, and the creation of synthetic content. In addition to the benefits of AI in the design process, the potential dangers of AI and the changes in the role of human designers are also emphasized. This study offers a crucial insight into the optimal utilization of AI in the design sector.
Didactic Strategies for the Use of AI in the Classroom in Higher Education
Authors: Redondo-Duarte Sara , Ruiz-Lázaro Judit , Jiménez-García Eva , Requejo Sonia Martínez
Published: September 2024

This chapter proposes a series of didactic strategies related to the use of Artificial Intelligence to improve learning in higher education students. Specifically, this chapter provides: • A literature-based overview on the transformative potential of AI to personalize learning: how should the student interact with AI to truly engage in a learning process and develop critical thinking? • Didactic strategies with AI for the design and implementation of active methodologies: How can AI models be used as assistants to generate teaching materials for an active learning? • Teaching strategies with AI for formative and summative assessment: How can AI help in the design of rubrics and other assessment tools? how can AI help in grading assignments and exams? • Ethical aspects: What are the main risks of AI in the teaching and learning process? What recommendations should faculty members keep in mind to foster students' ethical awareness in the use of AI?
Theoretical Implications of Generative AI for Content Generation in Geoinformatics Training
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Ho Weiny Y. , Goyes Robalino Andrea Paola , Maqsood Maida
Published: September 2024

This chapter explored the potential of generative AI in the context of geoinformatics training. Generative AI techniques can generate realistic synthetic data to support tasks like land cover classification and object detection. Moreover, AI-generated datasets can help students develop skills in remote sensing, GIS, and spatial analysis without the limitations of real-world data. Interactive simulations can provide immersive learning for disaster management and urban planning, despite requiring significant resources. Additionally, AI-generated, diverse geospatial datasets can support analytics training. Customizable AI-generated examples improve learning outcomes, while AI-generated instructional content can boost educational resource quality. The chapter also included demonstration examples of how generative AI can be used for spatial analysis and course material preparation for imparting geoinformatics training to undergraduate students.
Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Education of Children With Special Educational Needs in Nicaragua and Russia
Authors: Kochetova Ekaterina , Vado Francisco Javier Castillo , Solovyova Tatiana , Arinushkina Anna A. , Boldinova Olga , Markova Nadezhda
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence is actively introduced into various areas of human life all over the world. It is used to solve various tasks, from speech recognition and natural language processing to driving automobile transportation. In Russia, these technologies are already used in medicine to predict the course of a disease, in forensics to collect and analyze evidence, and in other areas. The authors consider the possibility of introducing the system of intellectual analysis of video stream, its significance in the field of education of children with special educational needs, including for the purpose of timely detection of deviations in child development, in Nicaragua and Russia. The research aims to set the objectives and justify the relevance of scientific research in the field of using artificial intelligence in education. The research tasks are to develop data collection and analysis methods, study the effectiveness of using AI in the educational process, and develop recommendations for its implementation.
Unveiling the Untapped Potential
Authors: Guven Ceren , Altinpulluk Hakan
Published: September 2024

In this study, the characteristics of artificial intelligence tools used in the field of education are analyzed by dividing them into certain categories. The web content analysis conducted between January 15 and February 12, 2024, examined the characteristics of these tools and their relationship with education in detail. According to the findings, AI tools such as chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot), presentation tools (SlidesGo, Presentation.AI, Gamma), quiz tools (QuizBot, Quizgecko, and Questen), and document analysis tools (Quillbot, ChatPDF, and Summarizer.org) offer various features. The results show that although there are differences for each category and tool, there are significant differences and limitations in terms of language supported and pricing policies in all the tools analyzed. These findings emphasize that AI tools offer solutions for various needs in education, but these solutions come with some limitations.
AI as a Key Stakeholder for Course Design
Authors: Shchaveleva Ekaterina , Tolstykh Olesya M. , Saulembekova Guldana S. , Kuznetsov Andrei N.
Published: September 2024

The appearance of AI can be compared to that of the Internet. However, AI has become the reality of the academic community, and educators face the challenge that learners can substitute their own knowledge with that of AI, but also learn how to apply this awareness properly. It is a well-known fact that AI works depending on the amount of information contained on the Internet, and the prompt frequency as well as the quality is paramount. Thus, the authors pose the question whether AI might influence the quality of the future of education, and consider the competencies of educators required for education improvements. The present chapter explores the skillset of a course designer who uses AI for course creation, including the development of course goals, learning objectives, assessment tools, and material design. The research was conducted in NUST MISIS in 2024: two categories of students, i.e. BA students studying teaching, and MA students studying course design, were asked to compile a syllabus using AI. Their level of competencies was then compared and described..
Green at Work
Authors: Rasheed Muhammad , Rida
Published: September 2024

The primary goal of this study was to reveal and emphasize the fundamental discoveries and perspectives present in current trends to fostering employee engagement (EE) in sustainability at the workplace. Scopus database was accessed by using the “Green” OR “Fostering Employee” AND “Sustainability” keywords over the period 2014 to 2024, 124 out of 227 articles were selected by using the PRISMA methodology. VOSviewer and Excel software for data analysis. Findings revealed that sustainability, EE, and leadership are central terms linked to HRM, environmental sustainability, social sustainability, and job satisfaction. Publication trends steadily increase, peaking at 124 articles in 2024, indicating growing research activity. Sustainability (Switzerland) journal publishes the most articles but ABAC Journal has the highest impact with 329 citations. France and India are leading research on sustainability and EE; however, Spain, India, and France are at the forefront of recent research, with initial contributions originating from the US and expanding to the UK, China, and Canada.
Waqf-Based Environmental Initiatives
Authors: Akhtar Jamil
Published: September 2024

This chapter focuses on the involvement of environmental programs implemented through Waqf in addressing modern environmental problems with the assistance of governmental organizations. It delves into the principles of the Islamic institution of Waqf, focusing on perpetual charity and the community's welfare by advocating for sustainable development goals. It details successful projects financed by Waqf, including afforestation, renewable energy, waste management, and water conservation. From a business perspective, it describes how financial capital, technological capabilities, and policy assistance from the Waqf institutions and governments can be synergistically incorporated. The challenges and barriers to collaboration have also been discussed. The concepts of impact assessment, long-term studies, and institutional development are highlighted in the expansion of the Waqf initiatives. This chapter argues that partnerships between waqfs and the government are very helpful in enhancing development sustainability for the endowment to become the backbone of an equitable society.
Business Transformation in the Era of Digital Disruption
Authors: Athreya Sreekantha , Ramya G. , Azhar Mohd
Published: September 2024

The chapter delves into the critical role of digital transformation in contemporary business environments, driven by rapid technological advancements. It begins with an introduction that outlines the necessity for businesses to adopt digital technologies to stay competitive and meet evolving customer expectations. The literature review highlights key technologies such as AI, IoT, and data analytics that are reshaping business operations and strategies, with case studies of companies like Amazon, Starbucks, and GE, demonstrating successful digital disruption. The discussion then shifts to the disruptive trends impacting businesses, including the proliferation of AI, IoT, AR/VR, and blockchain, and how these technologies are driving new business models such as platform economies and subscription services. The potential challenges faced during business transformation are explored, emphasizing the need for strategic planning, effective change management, and addressing human factors like employee resistance and skill gaps. To navigate these challenges, the chapter proposes actionable strategies for effective digital transformation. These include strong leadership, clear communication, and fostering a culture of innovation and continuous learning. The conclusion underscores the importance of embracing digital transformation proactively to not only survive but thrive in the digital age. This chapter provides a comprehensive guide for businesses aiming to harness the power of digital technologies for sustainable growth and competitiveness.
Strategic Approaches to E-Business Transformation
Authors: Kamal Yusuf , Ahmad Saifuddin
Published: September 2024

The present digital era has posed changes in the way businesses operate. This tied organizations to rethink their strategies to stay competitive. The chapter aims to explore the various strategic approaches that businesses in India are adopting for the transformation of their operations and to thrive amidst digital disruption. The chapter employs a multi-method approach as methodology which combines qualitative and quantitative research methods (however no statistical tools and primary data has been collected for the analysis and interpretation or for drawing conclusions). This chapter provides analysis of strategic approaches during e-business transformation with special reference to the Indian business context. The target audience for this chapter are business leaders, strategists, and decision-makers.
Innovative Business Models in Digital and Virtual Reality for the Gig Economy
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian
Published: September 2024

The exploration of revolutionary business models at the intersection of digital and virtual reality in business transactions within the gig economy represents a forward-looking commitment to sustainable and intelligent practices. The utilization of digital twins for real-time monitoring to the immersive experiences via virtual reality, these models promise efficiency, sustainability, and a smart approach to conducting business in the evolving gig economy. Virtual reality extends beyond entertainment, revolutionizing customer engagement through immersive experiences and virtual showrooms, promoting personalized and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional retail. Augmented reality optimizes productivity by overlaying digital information onto the real world, minimizing errors, and contributing to sustainable operational practices. This chapter guides businesses, policymakers, and researchers toward a technologically advanced yet socially responsible future, fostering an ecosystem where innovation and sustainability coalesce to define the next frontier of intelligent business practices.
Unleashing the Ethical and Legal Implications of E-Business Revolution
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Singh Anita , Kaunert Christian , Arora Manmeet Kaur , Lal Sahil , Ravesangar Kamalesh
Published: September 2024

Digital transformation typically requires gathering and handling extensive amounts of data. E-commerce offers immense opportunities for businesses to access global markets and make purchases from anywhere. It can enhance business processes, much like phones, faxes, and mobile communications have in the past. However, like any new business tool, e-commerce comes with its own set of issues and risks. Understanding the ethical and legal aspects of e-commerce is crucial to creating a safe and secure trading environment for both customers and businesses. To ensure the long-term success of e-business, there have been calls for a robust enabling framework, particularly legislative. Stakeholders are seeking a more stable environment for conducting routine business and consumer transactions. This chapter focuses on consumer privacy and security concerns in the phase of digital disruption concerning ethical and legal implications of e-business revolution.
Data Analytics and Decision Making in Healthcare Using Spatial Data Infrastructure
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Ali Asmat , Hussain Hammad
Published: September 2024

Pakistan's healthcare system grapples with numerous challenges, including limited access to quality healthcare, a shortage of healthcare workers, and poor coordination among stakeholders. However, amidst these challenges lies a transformative solution—the integration of spatial data infrastructure (SDI). SDI serves as a central hub for geospatial data, encompassing population statistics, healthcare facility locations, and disease prevalence. By leveraging SDI, planners can address these challenges effectively. Through spatial mapping and analysis, SDI enables targeted resource allocation, strategic workforce planning, and evidence-based decision-making. Moreover, SDI promotes transparency and accountability by providing stakeholders with access to reliable and up-to-date information. This chapter highlighted the pivotal role of SDI in overcoming specific challenges faced by Pakistan's healthcare system, offering a pathway towards a more resilient and adaptive healthcare infrastructure.
Health Workforce Preparedness for Geriatric Care
Authors: Aggarwal Divya , Khandelwal Princy , Aggarwal Shreya
Published: September 2024

India's life expectancy at birth (measured in years) increased from 62.1 in 2000 to 70.8 in 2019, an improvement of 8.68 years. India is currently undergoing a rapid demographic and epidemiological transition, with these processes occurring simultaneously. Population ageing is a major global trend impacting sustainable development. The percentage of Indians 60 and older is expected to rise from 7.5% in 2010 to 11.1% in 2025, according to projections made by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) in 2008. The primary challenge in geriatric care involves not only the inevitable physiological changes that come with aging but also the unique medical issues and diseases that often affect older individuals, requiring medical intervention to ensure a comfortable and healthy aging process. This chapter will highlight issues related to geriatric care and understand the health workforce preparedness for the geriatric care. Additionally, various approaches will be discussed to build the capacity of the health workforce.
Potentials of Digital Healthcare for Healthy Aging
Authors: Ramachandran Anandhi , Bassi Shikha , Sinha Aditi
Published: September 2024

The elderly population faces higher prevalence of chronic diseases that require long-term, complicated treatment regimens. Patient non-compliance in the aging population poses a significant challenge for the healthcare industry as it can exacerbate the burden of disease, increase healthcare costs, impair quality of life, and erode patient-provider trust. Addressing noncompliance requires a multifaceted approach that considers the challenges and needs of elderly patients. Digital advancements like telemedicine, wearable devices, and home monitoring hold immense potential in transitioning from conventional medical practices to remote healthcare by maintaining health, well-being, autonomy, and providing dignified care. But major elderly patients are devoid of these benefits due to non-adoption and non-availability of the solutions like lack of awareness, trust, confidence, clarity can be addressed through life-long capacity building and empowerment for a sustainable and effective adoption.
Effective Healthcare Management in India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soomrit , Vivekanand A. , Shaikh Iqbal
Published: September 2024

Healthcare administration in India has progressed significantly from rudimentary patient care management to complex, technology-driven systems. This chapter explores this evolution, highlighting historical transitions, challenges, and advancements in healthcare administration. Recent research initiatives conducted by population research centers (PRCs) across India have provided valuable insights into population dynamics, health, and socio-economic factors, informing policy formulation and program implementation. Healthcare administrators must navigate technological advancements, regulatory complexities, and financial management challenges while fostering effective leadership and collaboration with stakeholders. By integrating research findings into policy and practice, healthcare administrators can address current challenges and shape the future of healthcare delivery in India.
Numerical Analysis of SiC and UHMWPE Composite Ballistic Plates against 0.5 Caliber BMG Projectile
Authors: Ronquillo Alianna , Reyes Maria Angelica , Pavia Denisse Jonel , Punongbayan Aljohn , Magdaluyo Jr. Eduardo R.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal configuration of silicon carbide-ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (SiC-UHMWPE) plates to effectively withstand 0.5 caliber Browning Machine Gun (BMG) projectiles. Six composite plates with varying thicknesses were 3D modeled and assessed for ballistic resistance using finite element analysis in Ansys Explicit Dynamics simulation software. These plates were subjected to high-velocity impacts at 930 m/s using 7.62 mm projectiles. The findings revealed that an 11 mm SiC/80 mm UHMWPE plate provided comparable bullet-stopping performance to a standard 8 mm steel 4340/60 mm UHMWPE plate, but with a significantly lower areal density. The primary mode of failure observed in penetrated samples was petaling, consistent with known behaviors of composite armor under high-impact conditions.
Metatropic Dysplasia; A Case Report
Authors: Dayasiri Kavinda , Thadchanamoorthy V.
Published: September 2024

Metatropic dysplasia is a rare severe form of spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia characterized by dumb bell like configuration of the long bones, short limbs, severe scoliosis, high dorsal kyphoscoliosis, joint hyper mobility, a narrow but normal length thorax and occasionally a coccygeal appendage similar to a tail. The authors report a seven-month-old male infant with physical phenotype and radiological features highly suggestive of metatropic dysplasia. Genetic studies could not be performed due to lack of financial resources.
Adenocarcinoma at the ligament of Treitz - A rare presentation
Authors: Thilakarathna Buddhika , Renos M.H. , Jeyalogaindran Kavishangari , Jinadasa Pavani
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
A rare case of Transitional cell carcinoma of the distal urethra in a 79-year-old woman
Authors: Thilakaratna Buddhika , Renos M.H. , Kavishangari J. , Jeyasa M.F. , Sahasan S.
Published: September 2024

A 79-years-old women with transitional cell carcinoma of the distal urethra involving left side of the lower vaginal wall is reported due to the rare incidence of it.
Knowledge and attitude on assisted reproductive technology among subfertile women: An initial experience from the low resource setting with evolving assisted reproductive services
Authors: Raguraman S. , Muhunthan K. , Niroje R.
Published: September 2024

Background: Subfertility is a global issue that affects approximately 48 million couples worldwide. Recent advances in fertility care have brought revolutionary advances in reproductive medicine. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is one of the upcoming fertility treatment modalities in Sri Lanka. Poor knowledge and negative attitudes regarding ART among subfertile couples will negatively impact their outcome.
Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge and attitude towards assisted reproductive technology among subfertile women followed up at Teaching Hospital Jaffna.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 126 subfertile women attending the Subfertility Clinic at Teaching Hospital Jaffna. All subfertile women were included regardless of whether ART was considered in their care. The study instrument was an interviewer-administered questionnaire. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data, and influencing factors were analyzed using the Chi-square test and ANOVA.
Results: This study included 126 participants; most (46%) were in the 30-40 age group educated up to O/L. Most of them (70.6%) suffered from primary subfertility with a duration of less than five years. Only 17.5% of women had moderate knowledge, and none had good knowledge of ART. More than half of them have a negative attitude about gamete donation and gestational surrogacy. Only 25.4% of participants could afford the cost of ART. Fifty-four per cent of participants expected ART facilities to be provided in the government sector. The participants' educational qualification (p=0.039) and subfertility duration (p=0.006) significantly influenced their knowledge regarding assisted reproductive technologies.
Conclusion: Subfertile women show a lack of awareness regarding ART and a negative viewpoint regarding third-party ART treatment. Financial constraints play a key role in seeking ART services.
A Case of Primary Cutaneous Mucormycosis in a Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patient
Authors: Kavishangari J. , Jeepara P.
Published: September 2024

Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive, angioinvasive, often fatal fungal infection caused by a ubiquitous filamentous fungus belonging to the order Mucorales, giving rise to rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, disseminated and other rare clinical manifestations, especially in immune-compromised individuals. Cutaneous manifestation is uncommon and rarely reported in Sri Lanka. Treatment involves medical management combined with surgical interventions. Here we report a case of a patient who had cutaneous mucormycosis involving the left lower limb following trauma, leading to above-knee amputation.
A Lethal Rhythm; A Clinical Problem; A Spot Diagnosis
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
The contribution of the Magisterium on the subject of human artificial insemination
Authors: Leuzzi Lorenzo
Published: September 2024

The need for knowledge of the Magisterium's thinking on the subject of human artificial insemination has been felt in many quarters. The present work seeks to respond to this need by presenting and, at the same time, structuring the interventions themselves so as to guide research and in-depth study. These interventions by the Magisterium can be divided into two broad sections: ‘specific’ interventions and ‘indirect’ interventions. This subdivision is not accidental. It is useful because it allows a mutual enrichment of the interventions themselves in order not only to their true and authentic interpretation, but also to the understanding of their theological and ‘prophetic’ richness.
Elderly person and medication
Authors: Antico L. , Greco A. , Cocchi A. , Franceschini G. , Carbonin P.U.
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Ethical aspects of brain death
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Brain death Medical and legal aspects
Authors: De Mercurio Domenico
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Ethics Committees and Human Rights
Authors: Scalabrino Spadea Michelangela
Published: September 2024

Not available.
The rehabilitation of Family Advice Centres
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Economy and health
Authors: Lucioni Carlo
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Study of Dengue Fever in an Epidemic - A Single Centre Observational Study at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Chikkaveeraiah Shashidhara Kuppegala , Srinath K. M. , Hathur Basavanagowdappa V , Hari V. S. Aravindh , Vanama Lakshman Sai
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Dengue fever (DF) is one of the most common and the most important vector-borne diseases caused by arboviruses with a significant mortality and morbidity. The incidence of DF is increasing over the years. This study aims to map the clinical features of the disease.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective, observational study was done among adult patients at a tertiary care medical college hospital. Two thousand three hundred and fourteen patients were studied and analyzed. All patients who were nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen/IgM dengue positive were included in the study. Clinical features, hematological, and biochemical parameters were noted.

Results:

In the 2314 patients studied, body pain was the major symptom (35.4%) followed by headache (33.5%), fever (24.5%), nausea (16.9%), rash (16.6%), eye pain (16.2%), vomiting (12.1%), joint pain (10.2%), diarrhea (6.1%), anorexia (4.7%), cough (3.7%), lethargy (2.2%), and sore throat (1.2%). Hemorrhagic manifestations were noted in 263 patients (11.36%), of which the most common was epistaxis (50.1%) followed by purpura/ecchymosis (8.7%), hematemesis (6.8%), bleeding gums (6.8%), blood in stool (6.4%), hematuria (2.6%), and vaginal bleeding (0.4%). Patients positive for dengue NS1 were 1709 (73.9%), dengue IgM were 154 (6.66%), and both dengue NS1 and IgM were 743 (32.1%) patients. The mortality rate was 0.8%. Of 2314 patients, 29.52% had severe thrombocytopenia (<20,000/mm3), 17.7% had moderate thrombocytopenia (20,000–50,000/mm3), and 72.66% had mild thrombocytopenia (50,000–100,000/mm3).

Conclusion:

A clinician should be alerted to the possibility of dengue infection if a patient has a fever accompanied by headache, retroorbital pain, an erythematous morbilliform rash, conjunctival suffusion, and itching in the palms and soles, as well as thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and elevated liver transaminases.
Ischemic strokes due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: A systematic review
Authors: Ramaswamy Srinath , Marczak Izabela , Mulatu Yohannes , Eldokmak Mohamed , Bezalel Alon , Otto Ariana , Levine Steven R.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) can cause acute ischemic strokes (AISs) through paradoxical embolism. The clinical and imaging features of AIS due to PAVMs have not been studied. We report a case and perform a systematic review of the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with AIS due to PAVMs. This may provide clues to screen patients with AIS for PAVMs and treat them appropriately to prevent further strokes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to October 2023. We included patients of any age with AIS attributed to PAVM. Studies without clinical data were excluded. Demographics, AIS characteristics (location and arterial territories), and PAVM characteristics (location, size, and treatment) were recorded.

RESULTS:

A 47-year-old female presented with acute vertigo and gait imbalance. Magnetic resonance imaging showed AIS in the right cerebellum. CT chest confirmed a PAVM in the right lower lobe. Endovascular coil closure was performed. We identified 102 patients from 96 records. The mean age was 47.4 ± 17 years (67% female). Seventy percent had single AIS and 30% had multiple. The location was anterior circulation in 50%, posterior in 37%, and both in 13%. The most common arterial territory was middle-cerebral (51%), followed by posterior-cerebral (25%). PAVMs were mostly single (78%) and in the lower lobes (66%). Thirty-three had hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (33%).

CONCLUSIONS:

PAVM-related strokes occur at a young age and may have a high propensity for multifocality and posterior circulation location. Patients with PAVMs and AIS should be screened for HHT and venous thromboses.
LncRNA linc00312 regulates postoperative scar formation by adjusting miR-9
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Zhang Hao , Sun Wenyong , Wu Mingyao , Peng Xiaobing , Liu Yanan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Postoperative scar formation is a typical aspect of the physiological process of wound recovery, but issues with the healing process can lead to the formation of hypertrophic scar (HS).

Objectives:

To delved into the interaction between linc00312 and miR-9, and additionally analyzed their impacts on the growth and apoptosis of HS fibroblasts.

Methods:

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to determine the expression levels of linc00312 and miR-9, cell viability of scar fibroblasts was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry was employed to determine the apoptosis rate of cells, cell clone formation assay was used to determine the proliferative capacity of cells, and the targeted regulation of linc00312 on miR-9 was validated through dual luciferase reporter gene experiments. The biological processes and molecular mechanisms of scar formation are studied through gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis.

Results:

The expression of linc00312 was noticeably enhanced in scar tissue, in contrast to the significantly diminished expression of miR-9, suggesting an inverse correlation between the two. Linc00312 stimulated the proliferation of HS fibroblasts and prevented their apoptosis rate, while miR-9 displayed the opposite effect. Linc00312 governs the activities of HS fibroblasts through the manipulation of miR-9.

Conclusion:

Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) linc00312 regulates postoperative scar formation through miR-9 mediation. LncRNA linc00312/miR-9 could potentially serve as therapeutic targets for addressing postoperative scarring.
Enhancing aesthetic outcomes: The role of biomechanics in periorbital and eyelid cosmetic surgery
Authors: Guo Lei , Song Baoqiang
Published: September 2024

Cosmetic periorbital and eyelid surgery is a commonly performed procedure in facial plastic surgery. Understanding the biomechanics of periorbital anatomy and its role in aesthetic surgery is essential for achieving optimal outcomes. This review explores the biomechanical processes involved in periorbital age changes and analyzes the impact of cosmetic surgery approaches on these processes. By maintaining the initial mechanical equilibrium of the brows, eyelids, septal fat, and blepharoplasty folds, periorbital and eyelid cosmetic surgery can effectively rejuvenate the appearance. Disruption of this equilibrium can lead to the migration of anatomic components, resulting in signs of aging. Surgeons, by applying biomechanical concepts, can tailor the forces exerted upon the different structures to manifest the patient’s aesthetic aspirations. The key to success in periorbital and eyelid cosmetic surgery lies in re-establishing a dynamic mechanical equilibrium within the periorbital framework.
Molecular landscape of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma: A comprehensive review
Authors: Jayaraj Perumal , Ray Debjeet , Goel Kevika , Singh Ananya , Kant Nimita , Sen Seema
Published: September 2024

Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is an aggressive skin cancer characterized by a heightened risk of recurrence and metastasis. While surgical excision is the primary treatment, unraveling the molecular intricacies of SGC is imperative for advancing targeted therapeutic interventions and enhancing patient outcomes. This comprehensive review delves into the molecular landscape of eyelid SGC, emphasizing key genetic alterations, signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and potential therapeutic targets. Significant findings include aberrations in critical signaling pathways (β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer binding factor, hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor, P53, and P21WAF1) associated with SGC progression and poor prognosis. Notably, eyelid SGC manifests a distinctive mutational profile, lacking ultraviolet signature mutations in tumor protein 53 (TP53), indicating alternative mutagenic mechanisms. Next-generation sequencing identifies actionable mutations in genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), facilitating the emergence of personalized medicine approaches. Molecular chaperones, specifically X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and BAG3, emerge as pivotal players in promoting tumor survival and proliferation. The review underscores the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, where regulators like E-cadherin, vimentin, and ZEB2 contribute to SGC aggressiveness. Epigenetic modifications, encompassing DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation, further elucidate the molecular landscape. This review consolidates a comprehensive understanding of the molecular drivers of eyelid SGC, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and providing a foundation for future investigations in diagnostic, prognostic, and personalized treatment strategies for this formidable malignancy.
Ten tips to master ultrasound B-scan of the posterior segment of the eye
Authors: Mohan Sashwanthi , Mohankumar Arthi , Mohan Madhuvanthi , Karunanidhi Rakesh , Rao Vaishnavi Prasad , Rajan Mohan
Published: September 2024

Background:

The ultrasound B-scan is one of the most commonly used ophthalmic investigations in day-to-day practice. It is a noninvasive investigative modality to assess the posterior segment of the eye and is irreplaceable in patients with hazy or opaque media.

Purpose:

This video aims to summarize a few tips for beginners to help them perform and interpret a B-scan with ease.

Synopsis:

In this video, we have briefly described the principle of B-scan using animations. The various scanning techniques and probe orientations have been demonstrated using short video clips. We have also summed up the indications and how various clinical entities appear in a B-scan.

Highlights:

The teaching points include the principle, indications, probe orientations, and how common retinal pathologies appear in a B-scan.

Video link:

https://youtu.be/lUlUvShIy9A.
Evaluation of antioxidant status of lens epithelial cells in cataract patients
Authors: Sorte Gawali Kranti Santosh , Jadhao Avinash Namdeo , Ramteke Trupti Diwan , Patil Neelam Jayant , Sahare Harshal
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The main factor that causes cataracts is the increased oxidative stress and imbalance of an antioxidant defense mechanism, which leads to significant changes in the lens microarchitecture. Senile cataract is the most common type of acquired cataracts due to aging.

Methods:

We carried out a case–control study in the biochemistry department to examine the antioxidant status (catalase and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) and lipid peroxidation marker, that is, malondialdehyde (MDA) in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) of different grades of senile cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. We collected 150 samples from patients aged 50–90 years. These included 50 samples of cortical cataracts, 50 of nuclear cataracts, and 50 samples of posterior subcapsular cataracts. We measured catalase activity by the Beer method, TAC by the Benzie and Strain method, and protein by the Bradford method. We also estimated TAC in the aqueous extract of HLECs by the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method and MDA by the thiobarbituric acid assay method.

Results:

The results of this study showed that the level of catalase enzyme was higher in the first grade of nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and cortical cataracts than in other grades. This suggests that the catalase enzyme activity drops sharply in the second and third grades of these types of cataracts. The same pattern was observed for TAC, which was higher in the first grade of nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and cortical cataracts than in other grades. There were significant differences between catalase and TAC in different grades of cataracts, indicating that as the grading increases, both catalase and TAC decrease.

Conclusion:

The results of this study showed that the levels of MDA were higher and the levels of catalase and TAC were lower in patients with more severe cataracts compared to the healthy controls.
Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging in lacrimal gland lymphoma versus inflammation: A comparative study
Authors: Landau-Prat Daphna , Shemesh Rachel , Shalev Dafna , Nemet Malachy , Ben-Simon Guy J , Greenberg Gahl
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To determine the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating the inflammatory process and malignant lymphoma of the lacrimal gland.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of all subjects who underwent lacrimal gland biopsy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with DWI sequences during a 10-year period at the Sheba Medical Center, Israel. The lacrimal glands’ ADC values were documented bilaterally by blinded observers and correlated with the final histology verified diagnoses.

Results:

Twenty-eight patients were included, with 19 females (68%) with a mean ± SD age of 48.1 ± 25.7 years. The right orbit was involved in 14 cases (50%) and the left in 13 (46%); one patient (4%) had bilateral involvement. Seventeen cases (61%) had a final diagnosis of idiopathic inflammation or dacryoadenitis, and six cases (21%) were diagnosed with lymphoma. Additional diagnoses included pleomorphic adenoma in 3 (11%), adenoid cystic carcinoma, and solitary fibrous tumor. Lower mean ADC values were observed in the lymphoma versus inflammatory group (1.03 × 10-3 Vs. 1.45 × 10-3, P = 0.02).

Conclusion:

Restricted diffusion on MR imaging can serve as a diagnostic tool in the differentiation between inflammatory processes of the lacrimal gland and lymphoma.
Global, psychological, and visual quality of life after evisceration/enucleation surgery (QOLAE study): A descriptive case series
Authors: Belafkih Kimia , Simonin Manon , Sarubbi Claudia , Gauthier Anne-Sophie , Solecki Lauriana
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To describe the early health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients who have undergone an eye removal surgery.

Methods:

A descriptive monocentric study was conducted. Patients with a surgical indication of eye amputation were enrolled. Three standardized surveys were given to each patient 1–3 months after the surgery. The following standardized questionnaires were used: National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ-25) (range: 0–100), Short Form-36 (SF-36) (range: 0–100), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) (range: 0–40).

Results:

Between January 2021 and January 2022, in the Ophthalmology Department of the University Hospital of Besançon (France), 20 patients who were going to undergo an eye removal surgery were included. The population comprised a majority of men (12 men vs. 8 women) with a mean age of 70 (±16.2) years. The underlying conditions leading to the eye amputation were varied: three infections (15%), three retinal detachments (15%), three chronic uveitis (15%), 11 traumas (55%), three tumors (15%), and five chronic high intraocular pressures (25%). The surgical procedure consisted of an evisceration in 15 cases (75%) or an enucleation in five cases (25%). On average, the composite NEI VFQ-25 scored 68.7 (±22.4). Regarding the SF-36 score, the physical composite score was 63.1 (±15.4), and the mental composite score was 64.7 (±14.4). The overall PSS-10 score was 12.3 (±8.7).

Conclusion:

The patients who had undergone an eye amputation had an early reduction in their HRQoL in all its domains, especially in the vision, mental, and physical specific quality of life. These patients need personalized preparation before the surgery. These findings need to be assessed in the long term.
Silicone sling surgery for congenital ptosis: Tarsal tunnel technique
Authors: Pushker Neelam , Mahabir Manish , Agrawal Sahil , Bajaj Mandeep Singh
Published: September 2024

This was a prospective, interventional, comparative study conducted on patients with congenital simple severe ptosis. A novel method of silicone rod fixation to the tarsus (tarsal tunnel technique, group 1) was done compared with a conventional technique of silicone rod fixation (suture fixation technique, group 2) in frontalis suspension surgery. A total of 30 patients were randomized into two groups of 15 patients each. Postoperatively, MRD1, vertical palpebral aperture, and eyelid fold height were comparable in both groups till the last follow-up with stability in eyelid position. Patient satisfaction scores showed similar results with good-fair satisfaction grading in 13 patients in group 1 and 11 patients in group 2 at 6 months follow-up. No significant complications occurred in either group. Tarsal tunnel fixation of silicone rods is a novel method in sling surgery with optimal cosmetic and function outcomes. Further long-term studies are needed to validate the results of the technique.
Quality of life of Retinoblastoma survivors in tertiary care eye hospital in South India
Authors: Padamandala Krishnasri , Vemuganti Geeta K , Prasad M Surya Durga , Honavar Santosh G
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

With the increased survival of retinoblastoma (RB) patients, it is important to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of RB survivors as well as caregivers to provide comprehensive care to the children and caregivers. This study aims to assess the QoL of survivors of RB, as perceived by parents and the self-report by patients, through a pediatric QoL (PEDs-QoL) questionnaire.

Methods:

The study cohort included 86 RB survivors, 86 age-matched controls, and their primary carers. PedsQL 4.0 generic core scale and structured interview were administered. QoL in physical, social, emotional, and school health was evaluated and correlated with clinical and sociodemographic parameters.

Results:

The mean age of the RB survivors was 5.7 years with an M:F ratio of 1.1:1. Disease was bilateral in 79% of cases. About 45% (39/86) underwent enucleation, while others received combination therapy (16; 18%), chemotherapy (30; 34%), and radiation (1; 1%). As reported by parents, the QoL of physical health domain of RB survivors was 70.2 SD ± 27.8 and 96.15 ± 13 SD, emotional health was 72.1 ± 27.4 SD and 94.4 ± 12.5 SD, social health was 80.4 ± 24.9 SD and 98.6 ± 6.2 SD; and school health was 71.9 ± 2 6.5 SD and 96.1 ± 12.2 SD. As per the self-report perception, the QoL of physical health was 68.2 ± 27.8 SD and 96.2 ± 13 SD, emotional health was 66.2 ± 28.4 SD and 95.3 ± 12.5 SD, social health was 69.5 ± 24.9 SD and 98.7 ± 6.2 SD, and school health was 63.5 ± 26.5 SD and 95.1 ± 12.2 SD. There was a significant relationship between enucleation and QoL domains, where χ2 = 67.75, degrees of freedom (df) = 36, and P < 0.01. There was a significant association between vision in the better eye (6/18 or better = 8, 6/18–6/60 = 8, 3/60 or worse = 42) and QoL scores (χ2 = 95.36, df = 62, P < 0.01). There was a substantial association between socioeconomic status and QoL domains, where χ2
= 88.5, df = 56, P < 0.01.

Conclusion:

The results of the study showed that the QoL of parents of RB survivors and self-proxy reports were negatively affected in many ways, including physical, social, emotional, and school-related dimensions. Despite the small differences, self-proxy reports indicated a lower QoL than the parents’ group. The study findings indicate that there are notable correlations between enucleation and visual acuity less than 6/18, as well as socioeconomic status, with various aspects of QoL domains among individuals who have survived RB.