bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on acute impacts of hyper‐concentrated flow on Gymnocypris Eckloni and implication for sediment management
Authors: Li Xiaochen , Baoligao Baiyin , Xu Fengran , Mu Xiangpeng , Li Xiangdong , Cao Ping , Dong Zhiqiang , Jiao Wanming
Published: January 2023

Significant increases in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) always occur during dam removal or sediment flushing processes, which could result in acute impacts on aquatic organisms. An analysis of the potential impact of the Huangheyuan hydropower dam removal on the upper reaches of the Yellow River is required for adaptive management. But the reports on the impact of high SSC on fishes living in rivers in the plateau areas are limited. Further studies on impact factors, fish behavior, and assessment methods were performed in this paper. The acute response of a typical fish, Gymnocypris eckloni, was tested by experiments with sediment concentrations ranging from 3.3 × 103 to 80.78 × 103 mg·L−1. The changes in fish aquatic surface respiration (ASR) behavior were analyzed under different SSCs. The cluster analysis of the environmental factors was conducted to analyze the relationship between the factors and fish mortality. The severity of ill effects (SEV) model was improved to assess the acute impact on fish. The results indicated that the SSC was the most related factor. The ASR could be induced by the SSC higher than 21 × 103 mg·L−1, and fish mortality was caused by SSC higher than 55 × 103 mg·L−1. The thresholds of SSC and exposure duration for fish protection were proposed to be less than 55 × 103 mg·L−1 and 6 hr, respectively. The findings could support the planning and regulation of dam sediment management on plateau areas.
A tree‐based modeling approach for matched case‐control studies
Authors: Schauberger Gunther , Tanaka Luana Fiengo , Berger Moritz
Published: January 2023

Conditional logistic regression (CLR) is the indisputable standard method for the analysis of matched case‐control studies. However, CLR is strongly restricted with respect to the inclusion of non‐linear effects and interactions of confounding variables. A novel tree‐based modeling method is proposed which accounts for this issue and provides a flexible framework allowing for a more complex confounding structure. The proposed machine learning model is fitted within the framework of CLR and, therefore, allows to account for the matched strata in the data. A simulation study demonstrates the efficacy of the method. Furthermore, for illustration the method is applied to a matched case‐control study on cervical cancer.
Enhancing Crystallization in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Using Thermally Conductive 2D Boron Nitride Nanosheet Additive
Authors: Yin Yifan , Zhou Yuchen , Fu Shi , Zuo Xianghao , Lin Yu‐Chung , Wang Likun , Xue Yuan , Zhang Yugang , Tsai Esther H. R. , Hwang Sooyeon , Kissenger Kim , Li Mingxing , Cotlet Mircea , Li Tai‐De , Yager Kevin G. , Nam Chang‐Yong , Rafailovich Miriam H.
Published: January 2023

Controlling crystallization and grain growth is crucial for realizing highly efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, enhanced PSC photovoltaic performance and stability by accelerating perovskite crystallization and grain growth via 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheet additives incorporated into the active perovskite layer are demonstrated. In situ X‐ray scattering and infrared thermal imaging during the perovskite annealing process revealed the highly thermally conductive hBN nanosheets promoted the phase conversion and grain growth in the perovskite layer by facilitating a more rapid and spatially uniform temperature rise within the perovskite film. Complementary structural, physicochemical, and electrical characterizations further showed that the hBN nanosheets formed a physical barrier at the perovskite grain boundaries and the interfaces with charge transport layers, passivating defects, and retarding ion migration. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of the PSC is improved from 17.4% to 19.8%, along with enhanced device stability, retaining ≈90% of the initial efficiency even after 500 h ambient air storage. The results not only highlight 2D hBN as an effective additive for PSCs but also suggest enhanced thermal transport as one of the pathways for improved PSC performance by 2D material additives in general.
Achieving Tunable Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction to CO via Bimetallic Silver–Copper Electronic Engineering
Authors: Li Meng , Hu Yue , Dong Gang , Wu Tianci , Geng Dongsheng
Published: January 2023

Limited comprehension of the reaction mechanism has hindered the development of catalysts for CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). Here, the bimetallic AgCu nanocatalyst platform is employed to understand the effect of the electronic structure of catalysts on the selectivity and activity for CO2 electroreduction to CO. The atomic arrangement and electronic state structure vary with the atomic ratio of Ag and Cu, enabling tunable d‐band centers to optimize the binding strength of key intermediates. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the variation of Cu content greatly affects the free energy of *COOH, *CO (intermediate of CO), and *H (intermediates of H2), which leads to the change of the rate‐determining step. Specifically, Ag96Cu4 reduces the free energy of the formation of *COOH while maintaining a relatively high theoretical overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), thus achieving the best CO selectivity. While Ag70Cu30 shows relatively low formation energy of both *COOH and *H, the compromised thermodynamic barrier and product selectivity allows Ag70Cu30 the best CO partial current density. This study realizes the regulation of the selectivity and activity of electrocatalytic CO2 to CO, which provides a promising way to improve the intrinsic performance of CO2RR on bimetallic AgCu.
Single Cobalt Atoms Immobilized on Palladium‐Based Nanosheets as 2D Single‐Atom Alloy for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Shuai , Si Zhihao , Li Guozhen , Zhan Peng , Liu Chang , Lu Lu , Han Buxing , Xie Haijiao , Qin Peiyong
Published: January 2023

Single‐atom alloys (SAAs) display excellent electrocatalytic performance by overcoming the scaling relationships in alloys. However, due to the lack of a unique structure engineering design, it is difficult to obtain SAAs with a high specific surface area to expose more active sites. Herein, single Co atoms are immobilized on Pd metallene (Pdm) support to obtain Co/Pdm through the design of the engineered morphology of Pd, realizing the preparation of ultra‐thin 2D SAA. The unsaturated coordination environments combined with the unique geometric and electronic structures realize the modulation of the d‐band center and the redistribution of charges, generating highly active electronic states on the surface of Co/Pdm. Benefiting from the synergistic interaction and spillover effect, the Co/Pdm electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in both acid and alkaline solutions, especially with a Tafel slope of 8.2 mV dec−1 and a low overpotential of 24.7 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in the acidic medium, which outperforms commercial Pt/C and Pd/C. This work highlights the successful preparation of 2D ultra‐thin SAA, which provides a new strategy for the preparation of HER electrocatalyst with high efficiency, activity, and stability.
Composite smoothed quantile regression
Authors: Yan Yibo , Wang Xiaozhou , Zhang Riquan
Published: January 2023

Composite quantile regression (CQR) is an efficient method to estimate parameters of the linear model with non‐Gaussian random noise. The non‐smoothness of CQR loss prevents many efficient algorithms from being used. In this paper, we propose the composite smoothed quantile regression (CSQR) model and investigate the inference problem for a large‐scale dataset, in which the dimensionality is allowed to increase with the sample size while . After applying the convolution smoothing technique to the composite quantile loss, we obtain the convex and twice differentiable CSQR loss function, which can be optimized via the gradient descent algorithm. Theoretically, we establish the non‐asymptotic error bound for the CSQR estimators and further provide the Bahadur representation and the Berry–Esseen bound, from which the asymptotic normality of CSQR estimator can be immediately derived. To make valid inference, we construct the confidence intervals that based on the asymptotic distribution. Besides, we also explore the asymptotic relative efficiency of the CSQR estimator with respect to the standard CQR estimator. At last, we provide extensive numerical experiments on both simulated and real data to demonstrate the good performance of our CSQR estimator compared with some baselines.
Reconstruction of tunnel lining rebars from terrestrial laser scanning data
Authors: Cheng Yun‐Jian , Zheng Wan‐Lan , Qiu Wen‐Ge
Published: January 2023

Incorrect rebar placement has led to serious concrete structural failures; thus, site inspectors must ensure that the rebars placed are compliant with as‐designed drawings before tunnel lining concreting. This paper aims to develop a methodology that automatically segments the semantics (e.g., main rebar and distribution rebar) and instances of curved rebars and reconstructs the tunnel lining rebars from the raw point clouds. There are five main parts in the proposed methodology: rebar mesh reshaping, rebar mesh extraction and refinement, semantic segmentation, instance labeling, and rebar mesh modeling. To validate the developed methodology, an experiment was conducted on the rebar point cloud of a high‐speed railway tunnel. The evaluation of the accuracies of segmentation was conducted by comparisons with the existing methods and manually labeled ground truth data. The results show that the rebar segmentation has high precision values with the acceptable recall values, and that the rebar models reconstructed achieve millimeter‐level (about 2 mm) accuracy.
Stone ablation efficacy: a comparison of a thulium fibre laser and two pulse-modulated holmium:YAG lasers
Authors: Yang Bingyuan , Ray Aditi , Zhang Jian James , Peng Steven , O’Brien Mike , Turney Ben
Published: January 2023

We present preliminary stone ablation rate results from an automated bench model using two pulse-modulated Ho:YAG lasers and a thulium fibre laser (TFL) in contact and non-contact modes. Ablation rate was assessed using automated apparatus that moved the laser fibre across flat BegoStone phantoms at a constant stone-to-fibre working distance (WD). Pre-soaked and unsoaked stones were used. A range of powers (20–60 W) was tested at WD of up to 3 mm. In pseudocontact, the prototype Ho:YAG laser produced higher ablation than the reference Ho:YAG laser at all powers tested (p < 0.002), and higher ablation than TFL at 20 W and 40 W (p < 0.001). At distance, ablation rates for the prototype were higher than the reference Ho:YAG laser using pre-soaked stones at WD up to 3 mm (p < 0.001). TFL required the laser fibre to be moved faster (5–12 mm/s) for optimal ablation, compared to 1–3 mm/s for the Ho:YAG lasers. TFL was unable to demonstrate ablation with unsoaked BegoStone. At any given power, similar ablation rates were achievable with all three lasers under optimised conditions. Novel pulse-modulation modes demonstrated higher ablation rates than the reference Ho:YAG laser’s pulse-modulation at a range of powers and WDs. Ablation rate of Ho:YAG lasers decreased linearly with WD whereas the ablation rate of TFL decreased rapidly beyond 2 mm WD. TFL was more affected by scan speed and pre-soaking of stone than Ho:YAG lasers. Ho:YAG lasers may be more practical in clinical settings because they are less dependent on ablation technique.
Fludarabine plus reduced-intensity busulfan versus fludarabine plus myeloablative busulfan in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Kamijo Kimimori , Shimomura Yoshimitsu , Shinohara Akihito , Mizuno Shohei , Kanaya Minoru , Usui Yoshiaki , Kim Sung-Won , Ara Takahide , Mizuno Ishikazu , Kuriyama Takuro , Nakazawa Hideyuki , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Kusumoto Shigeru , Maseki Nobuo , Yamaguchi Masaki , Ashida Takashi , Onizuka Makoto , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kondo Eisei
Published: January 2023

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) offers a possible cure for patients with relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) through potentially beneficial graft versus lymphoma effects. However, allogeneic HCT is associated with high nonrelapse mortality (NRM). Fludarabine with reduced-intensity busulfan (Flu/Bu2) and myeloablative busulfan (Flu/Bu4) are commonly used in conditioning regimens for allogeneic HCT; however, data on their use in patients with NHL is limited. We investigated the effect of busulfan dose on outcomes by comparing Flu/Bu2 and Flu/Bu4 in patients with NHL who underwent allogeneic HCT. Our study included 415 adult patients with NHL who received Flu/Bu2 (315 patients) or Flu/Bu4 (100 patients) between January 2008 and December 2019. All patients were enrolled in the Transplant Registry Unified Management Program 2 of the Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. The primary endpoint was the 5-year overall survival (OS). To minimize potential confounding factors that may influence outcomes, we performed propensity score matching. The 5-year OS was 50.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 39.4%–60.8%) and 32.2% (95% CI, 22.4–42.4%) in the Flu/Bu2 and Flu/Bu4 groups, respectively (p = 0.006). The hazard ratio comparing the two groups was 2.13 (95% CI, 1.30–3.50; p = 0.003). Both groups had a similar 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (38.2% vs 41.3%; p = 0.581), and the Flu/Bu4 group had a higher cumulative incidence of 5-year NRM (15.7% vs 31.9%; p = 0.043). In this study, Flu/Bu4 was associated with worse OS compared with Flu/Bu2 because of high NRM in patients with NHL.
oregis – Das deutsche ophthalmologische Register
Authors: Storp Jens Julian , Dicke Christopher , Böhringer Daniel , Schargus Marc , Eter Nicole
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund

Medizinische Register haben ihr Potenzial zur Versorgungsforschung in unterschiedlichen Bereichen des Gesundheitswesens bereits in der Vergangenheit zeigen können. Die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (USA) verfügen über das bekannte nationale ophthalmologische Register IRIS® (Intelligent-Research-In-Sight), auf dessen Grundlage Erkenntnisse zur ophthalmologischen Versorgungslage in den USA gewonnen werden können. Vergleichbare Projekte existieren in Deutschland gegenwärtig nicht. oregis ist das erste krankheitsübergreifende Register, das umfassende Daten auf dem Gebiet der Augenheilkunde in Deutschland zum Zweck der Versorgungsforschung sammelt.

Methoden

oregis trägt derzeit anonymisierte, klinische Patienteninformationen aus allen Teilbereichen der Augenheilkunde zusammen und stellt diese zu Forschungszwecken zur Verfügung. Teilnehmende Zentren lesen ihre Daten unentgeltlich und vorzugsweise automatisiert in das Register ein. Derzeit zählt die oregis-Parameterliste ca. 600 Parameter, wovon etwa 100 in der aktuellen Pilotphase eingesetzt werden.

Ergebnisse

Das deutsche ophthalmologische Register oregis hat seit seiner Initiierung Daten zu über 1,75 Mio. Arztbesuchen von über 400.000 Patientinnen und Patienten aus deutschen ophthalmologischen Zentren zusammengetragen. Bis zum Spätsommer 2022 wurden über 2,8 Mio. Visus- und gleich viele Tensiomessungen erfasst.

Diskussion

Ziel des Projektes ist die Einrichtung einer bundesweiten ophthalmologischen Datenbank, die die Grundlage für ein lernendes Gesundheitssystem auf dem Gebiet der Augenheilkunde bildet. Mithilfe einer fortwährenden Aktualisierung kann oregis auch kurzfristige Neuerungen in der augenärztlichen Versorgung abbilden.
Surgical management in hepatoblastoma: points to take
Authors: Murawski Maciej , Weeda Viola B. , Czauderna Piotr
Published: January 2023

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant paediatric liver tumour and surgery remains the cornerstone of its management. The aim of this article is to present the principles of surgical treatment of hepatoblastoma. All aspects of surgery in hepatoblastoma are discussed, from biopsy, through conventional and laparoscopic liver resections, to extreme resection with adjacent structures, staged hepatectomy and transplantation.
A novel approach of tool condition monitoring in sustainable machining of Ni alloy with transfer learning models
Authors: Ross Nimel Sworna , Sheeba Paul T. , Shibi C. Sherin , Gupta Munish Kumar , Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi , Sharma Vishal S
Published: January 2023

Cutting tool condition is crucial in metal cutting. In-process tool failures significantly influences the surface roughness, power consumption, and process endurance. Industries are interested in supervisory systems that anticipate the health of the tool. A methodology that utilizes the information to predict problems and to avoid failures must be embraced. In recent years, several machine learning-based predictive modelling strategies for estimating tool wear have been emerged. However, due to intricate tool wear mechanisms, doing so with limited datasets confronts difficulties under varying operating conditions. This article proposes the use of transfer learning technology to detect tool wear, especially flank wear under distinct cutting environments (dry, flood, MQL and cryogenic). In this study, the state of the cutting tool was determined using the pre-trained networks like AlexNet, VGG-16, ResNet, MobileNet, and Inception-V3. The best-performing network was recommended for tool condition monitoring, considering the effects of hyperparameters such as batch size, learning rate, solver, and train-test split ratio. In light of this, the recommended methodology may prove to be highly helpful for classifying and suggesting the suitable cutting conditions, especially under limited data situation. The transfer learning model with Inception-V3 is extremely useful for intelligent machining applications.
Effect of Surface Cleaning Process on the Wafer Bonding of Silicon and Pyrex Glass
Authors: Du Chao , Zhao Yali , Li Yong
Published: January 2023

Anodic bonding is a reliable packaging method for MEMS devices, and the surface properties of the wafer directly affect the bonding efficiency. Therefore, the surface treatment of the wafer to be bonded is necessary. Herein, the effects of three different surface cleaning processes (degreasing, piranha solution and RCA solution) on the wafer surface were investigated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and anodic bonding experiments. The analysis showed that during the anodic bonding of the RCA solution-cleaned wafer and Pyrex glass, the bonding interface was more closely attached, and the best surface properties were obtained. The anodic bonding experiments of the wafer and Pyrex glass showed that the bonding current increased with the applied voltage, and the bonding time decreased accordingly. This was most evident in the case of RCA cleaning. The SEM images showed that as the bonding voltage increased, the bonding interface became more uniform without obvious voids. Due to the influence of the strong electric field and temperature field, an irreversible chemical reaction occurred at the bonding interface, which formed a bonding layer that was key to successful bonding.
Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Brain Disorders: Therapeutic Potential and Routes of Administration
Authors: Yau Grace Tsz Yan , Tai Waiting , Arnold Jonathon Carl , Chan Hak-Kim , Kwok Philip Chi Lip
Published: January 2023

The use of cannabidiol (CBD) for treating brain disorders has gained increasing interest. While the mechanism of action of CBD in these conditions is still under investigation, CBD has been shown to affect numerous different drug targets in the brain that are involved in brain disorders. Here we review the preclinical and clinical evidence on the potential therapeutic use of CBD in treating various brain disorders. Moreover, we also examine various drug delivery approaches that have been applied to CBD. Due to the slow absorption and low bioavailability with the current oral CBD therapy, more efficient routes of administration to bypass hepatic metabolism, particularly pulmonary delivery, should be considered. Comparison of pharmacokinetic studies of different delivery routes highlight the advantages of intranasal and inhalation drug delivery over other routes of administration (oral, injection, sublingual, buccal, and transdermal) for treating brain disorders. These two routes of delivery, being non-invasive and able to achieve fast absorption and increase bioavailability, are attracting increasing interest for CBD applications, with more research and development expected in the near future.
Texture Development During Annealing in a Low-Carbon Formable Steel Containing Impurities from Increased Scrap Use
Authors: Duan Jiaqi , Farrugia Didier , Davis Claire , Li Zushu
Published: January 2023

Impurities (Cu, Sn, Cr, and Ni) have been added to a low-carbon formable strip steel to simulate the scenario of increased use of scrap during steel production. Texture evolution during annealing of the cold-rolled base steel and impurity-added steel have been investigated. The impurities were shown to suppress the development of the γ-fiber texture. Meanwhile, a higher fraction of random orientations was developed in the impurity-added steel. However, the adverse effect of impurities on the γ-fiber was mitigated during annealing at higher temperatures (650 °C to 750 °C). The correlation between texture development and microstructure heterogeneity, and the effect of impurity additions on texture development are discussed. This work provides guidelines on recycling scrap for the production of low-carbon formable steels.
pH-dependent color response of cellulose-based time-temperature indicators impregnated with red cabbage extract
Authors: Halász Katalin , Kóczán Zsófia , Joóbné Preklet Edina
Published: January 2023

Color-based time-temperature indicators (TTIs) can show the time and temperature changes of an environment with a visually recognizable color change. Made from natural dyes, these TTIs are simple, inexpensive and sustainable. In this study, cellulose-based TTI labels were prepared with red cabbage extract of pH2, pH7 and pH9 to determine how pH alter the response of the labels to time and temperature changes. This study also aimed to determine the relationship between color change and time at different temperatures. The color responses of the labels were followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the CIE Lab color coordinates and by giving the total color difference at 4 °C, 23 °C, 40 °C, 80 and 100 °C after increments of time. The best fitting linear or nonlinear regression models of the CIE Lab coordinates, total color difference and time data as a function of temperature were also determined. The labels prepared with red cabbage extract at different pH behaved differently. Opposite to expectations, the acidic, pink colored labels did not have the highest color stability. Our finding was, that the label prepared with the acidic red cabbage extract is the most suitable as time-temperature label for indicating long-term temperature storage and the label prepared with the neutral red cabbage extract is the most suitable as time-temperature label for indicating short-term storage by color change. According to the results the color changes of the labels are predictable with the fitted models with a correlation coefficient between 0.96 and 1.
Male factor infertility and assisted reproductive technologies: indications, minimum access criteria and outcomes
Authors: Mazzilli R. , Rucci C. , Vaiarelli A. , Cimadomo D. , Ubaldi F. M. , Foresta C. , Ferlin A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Infertility, which is defined as the inability to conceive after at least 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourses, affects about 15–20% of couples worldwide and a male factor is involved in about half of the cases. The development of assisted reproductive technology (ART) made it possible to conceive also to individuals affected from severe oligospermia or azoospermia. However, the impact of the male factor on embryo development, implantation, prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and clinical and obstetric outcomes is still controversial.

Purpose

This narrative review examines the indications, minimum access criteria, and outcomes by individual ART technique in relation to the male factor.
Soundscape in city and built environment: current developments and design potentials
Authors: Kang Jian
Published: January 2023

In the field of environmental acoustics, the conventional approach of reducing ‘sound level’ does not always deliver the required improvements in quality of life. Soundscape, defined by the ISO as the ‘acoustic environment as perceived or experienced and/or understood by a person or people, in context’, promotes a holistic approach, regarding sounds as ‘resources’ rather than just ‘wastes’. The first part of this review/position paper, mainly using the works by the author and the teams/collaborators as examples, discusses the current developments in soundscape, in terms of soundscape understating and exchanging, collecting and documenting, harmonising and standardising, creating and designing, and outreaching, showing that while considerable works have been carried out, much work is still needed, in terms of basic research, and more importantly, research towards practice. The second part of this paper then explores a soundscape approach in the urban sound design/planning process. With a proposed framework for designing soundscape in urban open public spaces, considering four key components, including characteristics of each sound source, acoustic effects of the space, social/demographic aspect of the users, and other physical conditions, design potentials are demonstrated.
Evaluation on the tracer simulation under different advection schemes in the ocean model
Authors: Wu Hui
Published: January 2023

Advection scheme is one of the core challenges in the computational fluid dynamics, which restricts the capacity of model performance in many research areas including the oceanographic modelling studies. Here in this study, we compared the newly developed algorithm HSIMT (advection scheme with High-order Spatial Interpolation at the Middle Temporal level) with the well-known scheme MPDATA (Multidimensional Positive-Definite Advective Transport Algorithm), in the 1-dimensional idealized simulation and the 3-dimensional realistic river plume simulations. The river plume simulation was done with a mainstream ocean model ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System). The results showed that in the 1-dimensional test both HSIMT and MPDATA can converge to the analytical results, but HSIMT converges much faster and does not produce overshooting around the sharp front. Accuracy of HSIMT is also free from the choice of timestep, unlike MPDATA. In the ROMS simulation of a surface-trapped river plume, HSIMT also showed great advantages. Results simulated by MPDATA is highly relied on the model resolution, but when the resolution is high enough the results approached to that simulated by HSIMT. The results of this study could assist the further understanding on capacity of advection schemes and further promote the developments of ocean models.
OOCDB: A Comprehensive, Systematic, and Real-Time Organs-on-a-Chip Database
Authors: Li Jian , Liang Weicheng , Chen Zaozao , Li Xingyu , Gu Pan , Liu Anna , Chen Pin , Li Qiwei , Mei Xueyin , Yang Jing , Liu Jun , Jiang Lincao , Gu Zhongze
Published: January 2023

Organs-on-a-chip is a microfluidic microphysiological system that uses microfluidic technology to analyze the structure and function of living human cells at the tissue and organ levels in vitro. Organs-on-a-chip technology, as opposed to traditional two-dimensional cell culture and animal models, can more closely simulate pathologic and toxicologic interactions between different organs or tissues and reflect the collaborative response of multiple organs to drugs. Despite the fact that many organs-on-a-chip-related data have been published, none of the current databases have all of the following functions: searching, downloading, as well as analyzing data and results from the literature on organs-on-a-chip. Therefore, we created an organs-on-a-chip database (OOCDB) as a platform to integrate information about organs-on-a-chip from various sources, including literature, patents, raw data from microarray and transcriptome sequencing, several open-access datasets of organs-on-a-chip and organoids, and data generated in our laboratory. OOCDB contains dozens of sub-databases and analysis tools, and each sub-database contains various data associated with organs-on-a-chip, with the goal of providing researchers with a comprehensive, systematic, and convenient search engine. Furthermore, it offers a variety of other functions, such as mathematical modeling, three-dimensional modeling, and citation mapping, to meet the needs of researchers and promote the development of organs-on-a-chip. The OOCDB is available at http://www.organchip.cn.
Opera and Politics in Queen Anne's Britain, 1705-1714
Authors: McGeary Thomas
Published: January 2023

Explores the political meanings that Italian opera - its composers, agents and institutions - had for audiences in eighteenth-century Britain.
Elsa Asenijeff’s Is that love? and Innocence
Authors: Asenijeff Elsa
Published: January 2023

First English translations of two early feminist short-story collections, shedding light on the 'woman question' at the turn of the twentieth century and relating to today's #MeToo movement.
Marylin
Authors: Rundt Arthur , Layne Priscilla
Published: January 2023

Offers a European view of racial attitudes in the US during the era of the Harlem Renaissance and Jim Crow, with relevance to today's Black Lives Matter and #MeToo movements.
East Asian Cartographic Print Culture
Authors: Akin Alexander
Published: January 2023

Alexander Akin examines how the expansion of publishing in the late Ming dynasty prompted changes in the nature and circulation of cartographic materials in East Asia. Focusing on mass-produced printed maps, this book investigates a series of path-breaking late sixteenth- and early seventeenth century works in genres including geographical education, military affairs, and history, analysing how maps achieved unprecedented penetration among published materials, even in the absence of major theoretical or technological changes like those that transformed contemporary European cartography. By examining contemporaneous developments in neighboring Choson Korea and Japan, the study demonstrates the crucial importance of considering the broader East Asian sphere in this period as a network of communication and publication, rather than as discrete units with separate cartographic histories. It also reexamines the place of the Jesuits in this context, arguing that in printing maps on Ming soil they should be seen as participants in the local cartographic publishing boom and its trans-regional repercussions.
Data-driven kinematics-consistent model-order reduction of fluid–structure interaction problems: application to deformable microcapsules in a Stokes flow
Authors: Dupont Claire , De Vuyst Florian , Salsac Anne-Virginie
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we present a generic approach of a dynamical data-driven model-order reduction technique for three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction problems. A low-order continuous linear differential system is identified from snapshot solutions of a high-fidelity solver. The reduced-order model uses different ingredients, such as proper orthogonal decomposition, dynamic mode decomposition and Tikhonov-based robust identification techniques. An interpolation method is used to predict the capsule dynamics for any values of the governing non-dimensional parameters that are not in the training database. Then a dynamical system is built from the predicted solution. Numerical evidence shows the ability of the reduced model to predict the time evolution of the capsule deformation from its initial state, whatever the parameter values. Accuracy and stability properties of the resulting low-order dynamical system are analysed numerically. The numerical experiments show very good agreement, measured in terms of modified Hausdorff distance between capsule solutions of the full-order and low-order models, in the case of both confined and unconfined flows. This work is a first milestone to move towards real-time simulation of fluid–structure problems, which can be extended to nonlinear low-order systems to account for strong material and flow nonlinearities. It is a valuable innovation tool for rapid design and for the development of innovative devices.
Two-scale solution for tripped turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Chen C. , He L.
Published: January 2023

Recent findings on the Reynolds-number-dependent behaviour of near-wall turbulence in terms of the ‘foot-printing’ of outer large-scale structures call for a new modelling development. A two-scale framework was proposed to couple a local fine-mesh solution with a global coarse-mesh solution by He (Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, vol. 86, 2018, pp. 655–677). The methodology was implemented and demonstrated by Chen & He (J. Fluid Mech, vol. 933, 2022, p. A47) for a canonical turbulent channel flow, where the mesh-count scaling with Reynolds number is potentially reduced from

$O(R{e^2})$

for a conventional wall-resolved large-eddy simulation (WRLES) to

$O(R{e^1})$

. The present work extends the two-scale method to turbulent boundary layers. A two-dimensional roughness element is used to trip a turbulent boundary layer. It is observed that large-scale disturbances originating at the trip have a much shorter lifetime and weaker foot-printing signatures on near-wall flow compared to those long streaky coherent structures in well-developed wall-bounded turbulent flows. Modal analyses show that the impact of trip-induced large scales can be adequately captured by a locally embedded fine-mesh block. For the tripped turbulent boundary layer, a Chebyshev block-spectral mapping is adopted to propagate source terms from the local fine-mesh blocks to the global coarse-mesh domain, driving to a target solution for the upscaled equations. The computed mean statistics and energy spectra are in good agreement with corresponding experimental data, WRLES and direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. The overall mesh count–

$Re$

scaling is estimated to reduce from

$O(R{e^{1.8}})$

for the full wall-resolved LES to

$O(R{e^{0.9}})$

for the present two-scale solution.
Strain self-amplification is larger than vortex stretching due to an invariant relation of filtered velocity gradients
Authors: Yang P.-F. , Zhou Z.D. , Xu H. , He G.W.
Published: January 2023

A relation among invariants of filtered velocity gradients with two different filter sizes is derived. Based on this relation and physical reasoning, it is shown analytically that strain self-amplification contributes more to energy transfer than vortex stretching in homogeneous turbulence, as observed in recent numerical investigations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. We note that the invariant relation studied and hence the inequality between strain self-amplification and vortex stretching apply to all homogeneous flows, not restricted to isotropic turbulence.
Importance of palm's heart for pregnant women
Authors: Kushi Efrem Negash , Belachew Tefera , Tamiru Dessalegn
Published: January 2023

The consumption of locally nutrient-rich edible plants in rural areas can be used to satisfy the dietary diversity of pregnant women. Date palm is one of the wild edible plants in different parts of the world. Studies on wild edible plants in Ethiopia cover only about 5 % of the country's districts. Furthermore, the nutrient composition of the palm heart of Phoenix reclinata is not yet investigated as it is commonly consumed by indigenous people in western Ethiopia. The utilization of such plants requires strong policy support based on scientific evidence to maintain the nutrition security of pregnant women. Homogeneous samples of 1000 grams (g) of palm hearts were collected randomly. The macronutrient contents were determined using standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000). The flame Photometric method was used for potassium and sodium determination. The carbohydrate concentration (g/100 g) was 78⋅2. It covers approximately 78⋅5 % of the total daily Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). In line with this, the concentrations of minerals such as potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), per milligram (mg/100 g) of the sample were 1962⋅3 and 7⋅9, respectively. The palm heart of Phoenix reclinata has many nutritional values and is important for pregnant women. Its nutrient composition is comparable with different staple foods of the country and can contribute to household food security in rural communities.
Prevalence of fear of COVID-19, depression, and anxiety among undergraduate students during remote classes
Authors: Silva Rizia Rocha , Santos Douglas Assis Teles , Costa Bagnólia Araújo , Farias Júnior Nelson Carvalho , Braz Allison Gustavo , Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira , Andrade Marilia Santos , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Weiss Katja , Knechtle Beat , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa
Published: January 2023

Background:

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, undergraduate students were exposed to symptoms of psychological suffering during remote classes. Therefore, it is important to investigate the factors that may be generated and be related to such outcomes.

Objective:

To investigate the association between fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and related factors in undergraduate students during remote classes.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 218 undergraduate students (60.6% women and 39.4% men). Students answered a self-administered online questionnaire designed to gather personal information, pandemic exposure, physical activity level, fear of COVID-19 using the ‘Fear of COVID-19 Scale’, symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and anxiety using General Anxiety Disorder-7.

Results:

Undergraduate students had a high prevalence of depression and anxiety (83.0% and 76.1%, respectively) but a low prevalence of fear of COVID-19 (28.9%) during remote classes. Multivariate analysis revealed that women who reported health status as neither good nor bad and who had lost a family member from COVID-19 had the highest levels of fear. For depression and anxiety, the main related factors found were female gender, bad health status, insufficiently active, and complete adherence to the restriction measures.

Conclusion:

These findings may be used to develop actions to manage symptoms of anxiety and depression among students, with interventions through physical activity programmes to improve mental health.
Differential expression of genes influencing mitotic processes in cord blood mononuclear cells after a pre-conceptional micronutrient-based randomised controlled trial: Pune Rural Intervention in Young Adolescents (PRIYA)
Authors: Khare Satyajeet P. , Madhok Ayush , Patta Indumathi , Sukla Krishna K. , Wagh Vipul V. , Kunte Pooja S. , Raut Deepa , Bhat Dattatray , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Fall Caroline , Tatu Utpal , Chandak Giriraj R. , Yajnik Chittaranjan S. , Galande Sanjeev
Published: January 2023

In The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study, vitamin B12 deficiency was seen in 65% of pregnant women, folate deficiency was rare. Maternal total homocysteine concentrations were inversely associated with offspring birthweight, and low vitamin B12 and high folate concentrations predicted higher offspring adiposity and insulin resistance. These findings guided a nested pre-conceptional randomised controlled trial ‘Pune Rural Intervention in Young Adolescents’. The interventions included: (1) vitamin B12+multi-micronutrients as per the United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation, and proteins (B12+MMN), (2) vitamin B12 (B12 alone), and (3) placebo. Intervention improved maternal pre-conceptional and in-pregnancy micronutrient nutrition. Gene expression analysis in cord blood mononuclear cells in 88 pregnancies revealed 75 differentially expressed genes between the B12+MMN and placebo groups. The enriched biological processes included G2/M phase transition, chromosome segregation, and nuclear division. Enriched pathways included, mitotic spindle checkpoint and DNA damage response while enriched human phenotypes were sloping forehead and decreased head circumference. Fructose-bisphosphatase 2 (FBP2) and Cell Division Cycle Associated 2 (CDCA2) genes were under-expressed in the B12 alone group. The latter, involved in chromosome segregation was under-expressed in both intervention groups. Based on the role of B-complex vitamins in the synthesis of nucleotides and S-adenosyl methionine, and the roles of vitamins A and D on gene expression, we propose that the multi-micronutrient intervention epigenetically affected cell cycle dynamics. Neonates in the B12+MMN group had the highest ponderal index. Follow-up studies will reveal if the intervention and the altered biological processes influence offspring diabesity.
The Role of the Russian Shelf in Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Arctic Sea Surface Salinity and Freshwater Content
Authors: Hall Sarah B. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Steele Michael
Published: January 2023

Fresh water plays a pivotal role in the Arctic Ocean's climate, as salinity governs upper ocean stratification, convection, and the promotion of seasonal sea ice growth or melt. The Beaufort Gyre (BG) contains a significant amount of fresh water; however, there is limited understanding of the role that the Russian Arctic Shelf plays in the Arctic Ocean's freshwater content (FWC). Here, we use salinity from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts' Ocean Reanalysis System 5 product to first compare with in situ and satellite observations. We then conduct analyses over the years 1979–2018 to examine FWC and salinity on the Russian Shelf (30°E−180°E; shallower than 200 m depth), in the BG (130°W–170°W, 70.5°N–80.5°N), and over the Arctic Ocean as a whole (northward of 66°N). Our results indicate that the Russian Shelf consists of ∼16% of the total freshwater volume (FWV) in the Arctic Ocean (80,7623 km3) and has a negative trend (−15.63 km3/yr), primarily influenced by negative trends in the Kara and Laptev Seas. We also find a notable regime shift during the summer of 2007 for both the BG (increased FWV) and Russian Shelf (decreased FWV). When computing Arctic FWV changes before and after this 2007 regime shift, there is up to a 25% error if the Russian Shelf's FWV is omitted.
Effect of Oceanic Stochastic Forcing on Wintertime Atmospheric Decadal Variability Over Midlatitude North Pacific
Authors: Tao Lingfeng , Sun Xuguang , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Fang Jiabei , Zhang Zhi‐Qi
Published: January 2023

Previous studies showed that random atmospheric forcing can stimulate oceanic low frequency variability in midlatitudes, since ocean has huge heat capacity that can redden the atmospheric high frequency variability. However, whether the oceanic stochastic forcing can in turn influence atmospheric variability is still unclear. To answer this question, two parallel 63‐year numerical experiments are conducted with an atmospheric general circulation model. In the control experiment, the atmosphere is forced by observed global sea surface temperature (SST). After adding stochastic forcings that are constrained by observed standard deviations of mesoscale SST anomalies (SSTAs) over the North Pacific in a sensitivity experiment, large‐scale atmospheric variability is greatly increased over the midlatitude northwest Pacific, especially on decadal timescale. Moreover, the anomalous atmospheric circulations associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), like the enhanced westerly wind in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio and its extension (KOE) region, are more consistent with that resolved by a reanalysis model after the stochastic SSTAs are added. Dynamic diagnostics show that under the background of PDO warm phase, stochastic SSTAs can generate larger diabatic heating over the north of KOE region by inducing more moisture condensation in the mid‐lower troposphere, which is balanced by anomalous cold low‐level air temperature advection. Thus, the atmospheric baroclinicity is increased by the cold temperature advection anomaly, and the transient eddy activity and westerly jet are both enhanced above the KOE region accordingly. Our results suggest that to accurately represent the oceanic effect on large‐scale atmospheric variability and anomalies, oceanic stochastic SSTAs should also be considered.
LOFAR Observations of Substructure Within a Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance at Mid‐Latitude
Authors: Dorrian Gareth , Fallows Richard , Wood Alan , Themens David R. , Boyde Ben , Krankowski Andrzej , Bisi Mario , Dąbrowski Bartosz , Vocks Christian
Published: January 2023

The large scale morphology and finer sub‐structure within a slowly propagating traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) are studied using wide band trans‐ionospheric radio observations with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR; van Haarlem et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220873). The observations were made under geomagnetically quiet conditions, between 0400 and 0800 on 7 January 2019, over the UK. In combination with ionograms and Global Navigation Satellite System Total Electron Content anomaly data we estimate the TID velocity to ∼60 ms−1, in a North‐westerly direction. Clearly defined substructures with oscillation periods of ∼300 s were identified within the TID, corresponding to scale sizes of 20 km. At the geometries and observing wavelengths involved, the Fresnel scale is between 3 and 4 km, hence these substructures contribute significant refractive scattering to the received LOFAR signal. The refractive scattering is strongly coherent across the LOFAR bandwidth used here (25–64 MHz). The size of these structures distinguishes them from previously identified ionospheric scintillation with LOFAR in Fallows et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020010, where the scale sizes of the plasma structure varied from ∼500 m to 5 km.