bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of demographic profiles, clinical profile, course, and outcome of Bipolar I Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder: Findings from the Bipolar Disorder Course and Outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study)
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Avasthi Ajit , Chakravarty Rahul , Dan Amitava , Chakraborty Kaustav , Neogi Rajarishi , Desouza Avinash , Nayak Omkar , Praharaj Samir Kumar , Menon Vikas , Deep Raman , Bathla Manish , Subramanyam Alka A. , Nebhinani Naresh , Ghosh Prosenjit , Lakdawala Bhavesh , Bhattacharya Ranjan
Published: November 2024

Background:

There is lack of data on bipolar disorder (BD) type II from India.

Aim:

To compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with BD-I and BD-II using the data of the Bipolar Disorder Course and Outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Methodology:

Using the data of the BiD-CoIN study, patients with BD-I and BD-II were compared for demographic and clinical variables.

Results:

Out of the 773 patients, 59 (7.63%) participants had BD-II. Compared to BD-I, patients with BD-II had a higher income; were more often unemployed or housewives; had a higher mean number of episodes per year of illness, higher severity of depressive episodes, higher depressive affective morbidity, and a higher number of hypomanic episodes (in the lifetime, and number of episodes per year of illness); received lower doses of lithium and a lower number of medications; and had lower prevalence of alcohol dependence, higher prevalence of seasonality, a high proportion of them sought faith healing treatment, and a higher proportion of them have predominant depressive polarity.

Conclusions:

Patients with BD-I and BD-II differ from each other on certain demographic and clinical variables. The difference in the clinical variables suggests that the patients with BD-II may require different treatment approaches for management.
Cardiac emergency readiness: A community-level assessment of CPR knowledge in Al-Baha
Authors: Barnawi Mohammad I. , Alshmrani Hamdah A. , Alghamdi Ruba D. , Alghamdi Sarah I. , Alghamdi Sarah M. , Alghamdi Bushra , Alzahrani Khalid A.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a crucial lifesaving technique in cases of cardiac arrest and should be performed by any member of the community.

Aims:

To investigate the level of knowledge regarding CPR among the general population in the Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Baha from July 1, 2023 to August 1, 2023.

Methods and Material:

Inclusion criteria were individuals aged 18 and above living in Al-Baha who consented to participate. Exclusion criteria included individuals under 18 years old, healthcare professionals, residents outside Al-Baha, individuals who refused to participate, and incomplete questionnaires. Data was collected using an anonymous self-administered validated electronic questionnaire in Arabic distributed through social media.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, the Shapiro–Wilk test, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Any result below 0.05 (P < 0.05) was considered significant.

Results:

A total of 852 were included, with 65.0% of respondents female, the largest age group was 18–30 years old (43.9%). A total of 77.5% had sufficient CPR knowledge, with an average score of 11.2 out of 18. While many knew key CPR practices, gaps in knowledge existed, such as when to start CPR (15.8%). Challenges included determining unresponsiveness (26.8%) and fear of causing harm (73.6%). Social media apps were the primary source of CPR knowledge (53.8%), but 70.0% were unaware of available CPR courses, despite 75.0% expressing interest in enrolling.

Conclusions:

Population of Al-Baha showed a good level of knowledge, however, gaps remained need to be targeted during education efforts. The preference for social media and interest in CPR courses highlight opportunities for enhancing public preparedness.
Unveiling the YouTube addiction: Understanding the spectrum of digital dependency
Authors: Mahendran Rajalakshmi , Abiharini Subramoniam , Subbaraj Archana
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Excessive use of YouTube is increasingly being as a source of technological addiction in both adolescent and adult population worldwide.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to assess YouTube addiction among adolescents and adults and the ways to reduce its usage.

Methods:

After obtaining Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, we collected data from adolescent and adult male and female using a 22-item YouTube addiction scale (YAS) questionnaire. Face-to-face interview was conducted by the principal investigator. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the YAS questionnaire was performed. Manual content analysis was conducted for the qualitative data.

Results:

We enrolled 54 (50.9%) male and 52 (49.1%) female participants. The majority of them use YouTube and Instagram. Severely addicted were 38.7%, who spent all seven days watching YouTube videos. A principal component analysis revealed a four-component YAS structure based on an eigenvalue cutoff (>1), Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was more than 0.5, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was <0.001. We grouped 22 items into four dimensions: Impaired control, decrease alternate pleasure, intense desire, and measures taken to reduce usage.

Conclusion:

Behaviour modification needed to promote healthier YouTube usage habits.
The hidden crisis: Health impacts of tobacco and nicotine products on Indian women
Authors: Goel Sonu , Walia Diksha , Kumar Raman
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Tobacco use among women in India is becoming a critical public health issue. Once viewed predominantly as a male habit, tobacco consumption among Indian women has seen a rising trend. This shift is driven by factors such as evolving societal norms, aggressive marketing by the tobacco industry, and increasing urbanization. Women are now using a variety of tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The health effects are particularly alarming, with elevated risks for cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory conditions, and reproductive health problems. Despite these concerns, public health initiatives and policies often fail to address the specific needs of women. editorial examines the social and cultural drivers of tobacco use among Indian women, outlines the severe health risks, and calls for immediate action through gender-sensitive tobacco control policies. It provides recommendations, including robust regulation, community involvement, and specialized cessation programs to reduce the growing tobacco use among women.
Saline nebulizers in treatment of bronchiolitis
Authors: Dezfouli Seyedeh Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad , Gharab Saeid Gholami , Hamidi Reza , Mahmoodi Mansour , Nasirizade Manizhe , Ghafoury Roya , Khoshnazar Samane Sadat Khoobbin
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This study was conducted to assess the response to treatment and compare the effects of nebulized normal saline 0.9% and hypertonic saline 3% in the management of acute bronchiolitis, a condition associated with multiple complications in pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods:

In this clinical trial, a total of 60 children diagnosed with viral bronchiolitis in the autumn and winter of 2018 at Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital’s emergency department were enrolled. The cohort consisted of 30 children in the control group treated with normal saline 0.9% nebulization and 30 in the treatment group treated with 3% hypertonic saline nebulization. Demographic variables, symptom onset duration, and initial heart and respiratory rates were recorded. Disease severity was assessed using the Respiratory Distress Assessment Index (RDAI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:

Following treatment, both groups exhibited significant improvements in vital signs (respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation) and RDAI scores (P value < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of improvement in vital signs and RDAI scores between the two treatment groups (P value > 0.05). The mean hospital stay duration did not significantly differ between the groups (P value = 0.16).

Conclusion:

Nebulized hypertonic saline and normal saline both effectively ameliorated symptoms in children with bronchiolitis. The absence of a significant difference between these treatments suggests that either can be recommended for use in the pediatric population experiencing acute bronchiolitis symptoms.
Lessons learned from setting up a hospital-based national registry for venous thromboembolic disorders in India
Authors: Aggarwal Sumit , Rulu Peteneinuo , Tabassum Heena
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Health registries are instrumental in tracking trends in the number of people with diseases, monitoring treatment options, and assessing health outcomes. This research examines the challenges of establishing and maintaining a venous thromboembolism (VTE) registry in the Indian context.

Methods:

A mixed-method approach with purposive sampling was conducted to capture the challenges faced by individuals playing key roles in the establishment and operation of the national registry on VTE. This study focused on 10 questions related to technological infrastructure, resource optimization, data collection and management, coordination and collaboration, regulatory compliance, and political influences and were documented using a semi-structured questionnaire and telephonic interviews.

Results:

Technological, recruitment, and follow-up challenges were prominently highlighted with issues related to data entry, system glitches, changes to the data entry forms, and potential participant reluctance.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study highlight the multifaceted challenges experienced during the establishment of a national registry on VTE. By integrating insights from our findings into suggestions, this discussion reflects the specific challenges faced by the research project and offers evidence-based strategies for mitigating these challenges.
Analysis of risk factors in angiographically proven coronary artery disease in rural and urban Indian population. Prospective observational multicentre study: Kashmir Heart Survey
Authors: Sheikh Jan Mohd , Dar Mohd Iqbal , Rather Hilal Ahmed , Hafeez Imran , Lone Aijaz Ahmed , Rashid Aamir , Bilal Syed
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The global burden of cardiovascular diseases is increasing rapidly, and changing trends in epidemiological risk factors are identified among diverse Indian population. There has been a significant increase in heart attack deaths over the past 3 years after the COVID-19 pandemic. Are we missing a link? There is an urgent need for studies to confirm any epidemiological shift in coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors.

Aims and Objectives:

To analyse the risk factors in patients with established CAD in rural and urban Indian Kashmiri populations in the post-COVID period.

Material and Methods:

A prospective observational study of all patients with angiographically proven CAD who have undergone revascularisation or have a clinical suspicion of CAD on the basis of symptoms or positive stress test and later proven to have CAD on coronary angiograms, coming from rural and urban areas of Jammu and Kashmir were enrolled for the study and screened for various modifiable and non-modifiable CAD risk factors. Data was compiled and analysed to know the pattern of various CAD risk factors in our population.

Results:

The study included total 600 patients (rural and urban 300 each), mean age was 59.13 ± 11.62 years. Male patients were 65.50% with a mean age of 57.53 ± 14.17 years and female patients were 34.50% with a mean age of 62.16 ± 10.02 years. In rural subgroup of 300 patients mean age was 60.99 ± 16.86 years and in the urban population we found a mean age of 57.26 ± 16.21 years. The most common risk factor was smoking in 76% rural and 67% urban. Diabetes (39% rural, 43% urban), dyslipidaemia (47.33%, 48.66% urban), hypertension (61% rural, 66% urban), obesity (23% rural, 29.33% urban) and physical inactivity (33.66% rural, 37.33% urban.

Conclusion:

CAD manifests earlier in males and urban populations. Smoking is the most common risk factor for CAD in the Kashmiri Indian population and is more common in the rural population. Coronary artery disease risk factors, such as physical inactivity, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia, are more common in the urban population. Preventive strategies should focus on modifying the risk factors to decrease the prevalence of CAD in communities.
Domestic violence against women in rural areas of Saharanpur: A population-based study on prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Rao Chappavarapu H. , Jain Bhavna , Sachan Divyata , Devjibhai Chaudhari M.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Domestic violence (DV) against women is a global problem and is present in every country. It is a matter of serious concern in most communities and cultures and has consequences on women’s mental, physical, reproductive, and sexual health. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of DV among married women.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 reproductive age group females in the rural area of district Saharanpur for a period of six months using multistage random sampling.

Results:

The prevalence of DV was found to be 21%. The most common type of DV was physical violence (18%) followed by psychological violence (12.8%), financial violence (5.5%), and sexual violence (2.3%). The major perpetrators of DV were the husbands in 79% of the cases. Regression analysis depicted a significant association between age, education of husband, husband’s addiction, and depression of study participants with events of DV. Multivariate analysis shows only the addictions of husbands and the depression status of study participants to be significantly associated with DV.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of DV was 21% which is still high and appropriate measures should be taken to strengthen the laws for women and to empower them.
Prevalence and association of self-medication practices with personal and educational factors among university employees of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Habib Syed Shahid , Al-khlaiwi Thamir , Almushawah Abdullah , Alsomali Abdulaziz , Bin Ateeq Abdulrahman Abdulaziz A. , Aljarrah Faisal Abdulkader , Aldeligan Saleh Husam , Alfwzan Faisal Soud , Habib Syed Abubakar , Habib Syed Mohammad
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Self-medication (SM) is an emerging practice in both developing and developed countries. The commonality of this behavior is observed in patients with specific environments. The current study endeavored to determine the prevalence of SM practices and their correlated factors among academic employees in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud University Hospital, recruiting 383 participants. The participants received an online survey on self-medication practices. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.

Results:

In the study, all the participants reported practicing SM at least one time. Of those who practiced SM, 66.7% (102) were unmarried with a significant difference (P = 0.036) while 68.0% (117) had no children (P = 0.003). Non-Government employees and unemployed participants had the highest percentage of experiencing SM (70.5%, n = 31, P = 0.036). Our results reveal that health perceiving, life satisfaction, and religious reasons were not significantly associated with practicing SM with P value = 0.704, 0.535, and 0.482, respectively. In the univariate model, gender, marital status, and the number of children revealed a significant correlation with SM (P value = 0.136, 0.058, and 0.040), respectively. SM was 1.4 times as likely if the participant was female and 1.3 if the participant was unmarried. The multivariate regression model shows that gender and marital status lost their significance while number of children (P = 0.023) was significantly correlated with SM. Our results also show the main reasons for self-medication were prior knowledge (25%), time-consuming consultations (21.6%), the belief that the condition did not require a doctor (22.4%), and previous experience with similar symptoms (23%) while major causative clinical conditions involved in SM is pain (37.5%) and fever (28.4%). It also shows that 33% experienced no side effects and 34% experienced shortness of breath as a side effect of practicing SM.

Conclusion:

Our study spotted a significant frequency of SM behavior with high prevalence among University employees. Our study shows that gender, marital status, and number of children have a significant correlation with SM. The pharmacist’s role is pivotal in promoting awareness for the safe utilization of over-the-counter drugs, and their proactive engagement is paramount. Educational health programs should be implemented to minimize SM malpractice.
Evaluation of ADHD knowledge and awareness among healthcare college interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnmshan Nmshan , Jameel Osama , Alsahli Abdullah , Alokail Ibrahim , Alotaibi Mamdouh , Mansy Wael
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neuropsychiatric disorder, is common in children and can persist into adulthood. With or without hyperactivity, it involves chronic impulsivity and inattention. Despite being a widespread illness, there is little research on ADHD knowledge and awareness among health college interns in Riyadh, KSA. Therefore, this study examined health college interns’ knowledge and awareness in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia’s capital.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study using a self-administered validated survey was used to gather demographics as well as knowledge and awareness scores in King Saud University, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Imam Mohammed ibn Saud, and Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman, and one private Almaarefa University.

Results:

This study included 322 health college interns aged 18–24; 55% were males. The Saudi Professional Practice Licensure Exams (SPPLE) were passed by 65.5% of participants from King Saud University and KSAU-HS, Riyadh’s leading medical and pharmaceutical universities. They are evenly split throughout the four GPA categories. The interns knowledgeable and aware of ADHD (scored ≥ 13 on a 20-scale score) constituted 68% of the interns. Interns who passed Saudi Professional Practice Licensure Exams graduated from pharmacy and medicine schools, and had ≥4.5 or more GPAs were more knowledgeable than other interns.

Conclusion:

As per our research, most health college interns in Riyadh were aware of ADHD; however, medical and pharmacy interns were more knowledgeable than others. This suggests that other health colleges should revamp their ADHD and neurological illness topics curricula.
Prevalence of substance use among adolescents residing in urban slums of Vellore: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajamani J Bino , Reshmi YS , Pricilla Ruby A. , Prasad Jasmin H. , Baskar Mona
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Adolescent substance abuse is a growing public health concern. Adolescence is the starting point for adult substance misuse. The likelihood of acquiring dependence in adulthood is significantly decreased when substance use is not initiated during adolescence. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of substance use among teenagers, as well as to determine the age of initiation and identify the factors that are linked to substance use.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban community in Vellore by a tertiary care teaching hospital. A structured questionnaire was administered by the principal investigator to all adolescent boys aged between 10 and 19 years residing in that area for the past year who gave informed consent/assent to assess the prevalence of substance use among teenagers.

Results:

The total number of adolescent boys enrolled in the study was 266. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the participants was 16.14 (2.2) years, with a median age of 16 years. Out of the 266 adolescent boys, 33.8% are currently using substances and 15% were past users. The common substance used was smoking tobacco (30%), followed by alcohol consumption (29%). The minimum age of initiation of smoking tobacco and ganja use was 9 and 7 years, respectively. Significant predictors of substance usage included the participant’s educational background and the substance use of their parents.

Conclusion:

According to this community-based study’s findings, smoking tobacco was the most frequently used substance by teenagers, with a higher prevalence of current substance use. Substance misuse in the family was substantially associated with increased drug usage among teenagers. Notwithstanding having an adequate comprehension of the negative results of substance utilisation, teenagers develop this habit, which they might carry into adulthood. It is therefore necessary to establish comprehensive prevention and control programs in schools and the community that target teenagers and their parents.
Micronutrient status and associated factors of anemia among undernourished children of 5-18 years: First study from Himalayan foothills
Authors: Aswanth KS , Rajvanshi Nikhil , Kumar Vinod , Chacham Swathi , Naithani Manisha , Kumari Ranjeeta , Verma Prashant K.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

Undernutrition in children is a critical worldwide concern that hampers both their physical and cognitive growth. The nutritional status of school-going children and adolescents remains insufficiently addressed with no comprehensive data. This is the first study from the Himalayan foothills that aims to assess the clinical and laboratory aspects of anemia with micronutrient status in undernourished children above the age of five along with association of clinical features with anemia severity.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving children aged 5-18 years with undernutrition in a tertiary hospital in North India over eighteen months. We observed the prevalence of anemia, its morphological type, micronutrient status, clinical features, and demographic parameters of these children. The association of various clinical features and anthropometric parameters with the severity of anemia was determined.

Results:

Of the 200 children who were enrolled in the study, 77% were found anemic, with the proportion of mild, moderate, and severe anemia being 18.2%, 46.8%, and 35%, respectively. Iron (67%) was the most common micronutrient deficient in these children with a significant number suffering from vitamin B12 (53.9%) deficiency. Folic acid deficiency was relatively low (10.4%). Body mass index (P = 0.009), fatigability (P = 0.001), pallor (P ≤ 0.001), poor academic performance (P = 0.023), and knuckle hyperpigmentation (P = 0.018) were significantly associated with the severity of anemia.

Conclusion:

Despite the significant tread in various aspects of human development, undernutrition and anemia remain a formidable challenge, especially in developing countries. A high proportion of anemia in undernutrition indicates the gravity of the issue, yet not received the deserved attention.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in endometriosis patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aldardier Nashwa , Eissa Ghaida A. , Shaheen Abdulaziz M. , Sanedi Abdullah M. , Alghamdi Talah , Habadi Rama A. , Alghamdi Sarah S.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Despite its prevalence, limited research has explored the direct correlation between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and endometriosis, particularly in regions like Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to bridge this gap by investigating the prevalence of IBS among endometriosis patients and identifying associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

The study conducted a cross-sectional analysis, it was done at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. From September to December 2023. Women who were diagnosed with endometriosis and aged above 18 years old were included.

Results:

Our study revealed that 47.8% of endometriosis patients had previously been diagnosed with IBS. Interestingly, Saudi patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of IBS compared to non-Saudi individuals. While no substantial link emerged between IBS prevalence and other demographic or endometriosis-related factors, patients with chronic digestive conditions like food intolerance, esophageal reflux, and inflammatory colon diseases showed a higher likelihood of IBS.

Conclusions:

This study underscores a substantial association between IBS and endometriosis, urging healthcare providers to consider IBS as a potential comorbidity in affected patients. The findings stress the importance of holistic assessments and awareness regarding overlapping symptoms and risk factors. Further research is encouraged to unveil underlying mechanisms and devise optimal management strategies for individuals grappling with both conditions.
Incidental diagnosis of subcutaneous filariasis with an unusual presentation in a non-endemic area—Need to worry?
Authors: Sharma Shivanee , Kala Pooja S. , Malviya Avneesh , Lakhani Anjali , Chandra Naveen
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

We report an interesting case of Bancroftian filariasis diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology in a young female hailing from a non-endemic hilly area of India, who presented with a subcutaneous swelling on the left forearm. This is an unusual extra-lymphatic site to harbor filarial infestation and the cytology smears showed adult worms, eggs, and microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti.
Multimodal intervention on perception and quality of life of geriatric clients regarding health promotional outcomes at a selected hospitals, Kolar, Karnataka, India
Authors: Vani R , Joseph Zeanath C. , Aranha Priya R.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background of Study:

Old age is a privilege for a second childhood and a new stage of opportunity and strength. Older adults are the most rapidly growing segment of the population. By 2050, 80% of all older people will live in low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal intervention on perception and quality of life among geriatric clients.

Methods:

Quantitative approach quasi-experimental interventional controlled study with pre-test, post-test design and follow-up for two months, adopted by using purposive sampling technique among 120 geriatric clients who gave consent for participation in the study at two different settings of hospitals from July 2022 to January 2023, Kolar. After obtaining Central Ethics Committee approval, data was obtained using the structured perception questionnaire and WHO Quality of Life questionnaire, and the Multimodal Intervention package consisting of a snake and ladder health promotion strategies game, educational video, and informational pamphlet distributed to the experimental group, whereas routine care was given to the control group followed by post-test group on the 30th and 60th day. Reinforcement was carried out by the investigator on a fortnightly basis reminders through messages. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics such as repeated measures of ANOVA, independent ‘t’- test, paired ‘t-test, and Chi-square.

Results:

A perception significant effect was demonstrated in the experimental group with enhanced mean, standard deviation from pre-test to post-test I and Post-test II found to be 35.1 ± 7.9, 46.3 ± 6.1, and 48.3 ± 4.7, respectively, without significant changes in the control group. Concerning quality of life, important variations were demonstrated in the experimental group with enhanced mean, SD from pre-test to post-test I and Post-test II found to be 54.76 ± 10.39, 74.15 ± 6.75 and 77.71 ± 4.99, respectively, without any significant changes in the control group.

Conclusion:

Geriatric population was the biggest beneficiary, multimodal intervention was proven to be effective and can be implemented in hospitals and community settings in improving the perception and quality of life of senior clients to foster healthy aging.

CTRI Trial Reg no: CTRI/2021/07/034632.
Spontaneous bladder rupture masquerading as loculated ascites with septations in postpartum – A case report
Authors: Hansadah Saunri , Balakrishnan Deepthy , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Devi Yangala Sudha , Begum Jasmina
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of spontaneous bladder rupture during labor or the postpartum period after an uncomplicated vaginal delivery is exceedingly uncommon. However, we encountered a case involving spontaneous bladder rupture, which resulted in the development of localized fluid collections in the abdomen after an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. In this instance, the absence of typical peritonitis symptoms, such as abdominal pain or tenderness, and the lack of typical urological symptoms, including haematuria, dysuria, and anuria, coupled with the absence of clinical manifestations of puerperal sepsis, the absence of microbial presence in the ascitic fluid, and the patient’s symptomatic amelioration following antibiotic therapy, contributed to a delay in identifying the bladder rupture. The initial management entailed the use of a percutaneous drain, followed by surgical correction of the rupture through laparotomy. This case underscores the necessity of considering intraperitoneal bladder rupture as a plausible diagnosis in cases of enclosed ascitic fluid with multiple partitions following childbirth. Additionally, it prompts considering non-surgical management for substantial intraperitoneal bladder ruptures in asymptomatic patients.
Neuropsychiatric complications in chronic kidney disease: Role of gender, clinical, and sociodemographic factors
Authors: Tesia Sonali S. , Nongpiur Arvind , Barman Bhupen , Lyngdoh Monaliza , Prithviraj Manoj , Roy Debjit , Das Jayanta
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently experience neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment, which not only significantly diminish their quality of life, but also contribute to longer hospitalizations, poor treatment adherence, and increased mortality. This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate neuropsychiatric complications in CKD patients, focusing on gender differences, and clinical and other sociodemographic factors.

Materials and Methods:

Diagnosis of CKD was based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, and patients aged 18 years or above were included. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) Scale. Those without delirium underwent evaluation using the Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to identify cognitive and psychiatric symptoms.

Results:

Among the 104 participants, 50% were male, with a predominant age group over 45 years (61.5%). A majority portion of the cohort was married (72.1%), employed (57.7%), and identified as Christian (56.7%). The majority of CKD cases were diagnosed as stage 5 (87.5%) and on dialysis treatment. Delirium was present in 19.2% of participants. In those without delirium, anxiety affected 46.3%, depression impacted 50.0%, and cognitive dysfunction was present in 11.1%. A gender-based analysis revealed no significant differences in age or illness duration; however, males exhibited a higher level of education (P < 0.02). While females tended to display more severe psychiatric symptoms (P < 0.06), males had more cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.08); however, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Socioeconomic status (SES) comparisons demonstrated that lower SES correlated with a reduced number of years of education (P < 0.00).

Conclusion:

Anxiety and depression were prevalent in nearly half of CKD patients, without gender or socioeconomic disparities. This underscores the imperative need for holistic, multidisciplinary interventions to effectively manage these conditions and enhance overall quality of life.
The prevalence of cyberchondria and the impact of skepticism on medical decisions among Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University students, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bin Abdulrahman Khalid A. , AL Musfir Sultan Khalid , Alforaih Abdullah Suliman , Alshehri Asim Mohammed , Aldossari Ayed Khalid , Dawood Fahad Dawood Bin
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The internet significantly impacts the occurrence and prevalence of cyberchondria because it provides easy access to a large amount of health data that can describe any medical condition in detail. Cyberchondria develops due to exposure to the vast and easily accessible online health information that causes health worries.

Objectives:

To assess the prevalence of cyberchondria among Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) students and determine the impact of patient skepticism on medical decisions.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among IMSIU students. A questionnaire was distributed to participants via Google Forms. Data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS.

Results:

This study involved 798 respondents. Female participants represented 51.1%. Most of the participants were between 21 and 23 years old. More than one-third of students studied in the College of Medicine (36%). Almost 20% of students panicked about their condition when they read online. Excessiveness was the most severely affected construct (63.7%), followed by the reassurance subscale (46.4%). Compulsion was the least affected construct, while distress was moderately affected. Divorced and married students showed significantly higher cyberchondria severity scores than single respondents (P value = 0.020).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggested that IMSIU students had a relatively high prevalence of cyberchondria. More efforts are required to raise public awareness of appropriate internet usage for health-related information.
Provision and utilization of basic maternal healthcare during the pandemic in Ecuador: The health workers’ perspective
Authors: Espinosa-Henao Olga Elena , Becerril-Montekio Victor , Osorio-López Erick Antonio , Espinoza-Suarez José B. , Morales-Sucasaire Paulo Cesar , Quevedo-Pinos Martí A. , Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Ecuador was one of the most affected counties in Latin America during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its health system already faced financing and organizational problems before the pandemic.

Aims:

To analyze the effects of the pandemic on the provision and utilization of maternal health services in units of the Public Health of Ecuador as perceived by the health personnel.

Material and Methods:

This is a mixed methods study with two rapid evaluation cycles. The first cycle collected information during January–March and the second one during April–June, 2021. An online questionnaire and semistructured interviews were applied to professionals involved in the management and provision of maternal health programs. Both instruments explored provision and utilization of maternal health services. Questionnaires were processed using SPSS and descriptive statistics. Interviews were exported to Atlas-Ti and were codified using the explored categories.

Results:

A total of 207 health workers participated in the first cycle, and 200 in the second one. They recognized that during the pandemic, healthcare personnel were reduced by more than 30% due to the presence of risk factors among them as well as the lack of budget for new contracts. The availability of materials and supplies was also reduced by nearly 50%, mainly due to the lack of budget. The demand for maternal healthcare in public health units was reduced because people feared being infected by COVID-19 and nearly 25% goes to the private sector.

Conclusions:

The pandemic has had a negative effect on the provision as well as utilization of maternal healthcare services. Nevertheless, health professionals implemented diverse strategies to reduce this negative effect on maternal care.
Prevalence of economic violence among the geriatric population and their knowledge and utilization of social security schemes in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramadass Divyabharathy , Sivaprakasam Sangeethapriya , Venkatesan Murugan
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Economic independence is an important factor in the prevention of violence among the elderly. Optimal utilization of various social security schemes in India helps them in achieving financial independence and proper utilization of health care services. However, there is a knowledge and service utilization gap among the elderly in our population.

Aim and Objectives:

To assess the prevalence of economic violence and awareness and utilization of social security schemes among the geriatric population.

Settings and Design:

Community-based cross-sectional study conducted in rural and urban field practice areas of the tertiary care center.

Methods and Material:

A simple random sampling method was adopted. The data were collected using a pilot-tested semistructured questionnaire among 406 participants from three selected villages and wards of Venmalagaram and Maduranthakam during January to July 2023.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Frequencies and proportions were used for categorical variables, and Chi-square test was applied to test the level of significance. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The prevalence of economic violence was found to be 12.1%. Among them, neglect was seen in a major proportion (61.2%). Awareness about the old age pension was seen in 70.7%, followed by Annapurna scheme (17%) and PMVVY (4.9%). The utilization of these schemes was found to be 34.0%, 11.6%, and 2.7%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of economic violence among the geriatric population was in the form of neglect and property misuse. The knowledge and utilization of social security schemes were poor among the elderly.
Correlation between serum vitamin B12, vitamin D, and suboptimal semen parameters in male infertility: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumar Navneet , Jadhao Anand Gautam , Yadav Ravi Ramkishan
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Micronutrients such as vitamin B12 and D have recently gained attention for their potential roles in male reproductive health. Despite their significance, there’s a critical gap in understanding their association with male infertility, particularly concerning suboptimal semen parameters. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by examining serum vitamin B12 and D levels in infertile males, providing insights that could inform targeted interventions for couples facing male infertility challenges.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study, conducted at Tertiary Health care centre in north India for 2 years, enrolled 73 infertile males aged 20–40 years from the fertility clinic (participants exhibited suboptimal semen parameters). Clinical and demographic data were collected through interviews and record reviews, while semen samples underwent meticulous processing for the analysis of various parameters. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting for serum vitamin B12 (ELISA) and vitamin D (CLIA) assessment. Statistical analyses, performed using SPSS, included t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation analyses to explore associations between serum vitamin levels and semen parameters, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The study comprised 73 infertile males with suboptimal semen parameters. Serum vitamin B12 levels (mean ± SD: 243.4 ± 69.3 pg/mL) and vitamin D levels (22.5 ± 13.2 ng/mL) were measured. Low vitamin B12 (<200 pg/mL) was observed in 29 participants (39.7%), while low vitamin D (<20 ng/mL) was noted in 51 participants (69.9%). Semen parameters revealed significant differences in sperm count, motility, and morphology between low and normal vitamin B12 groups. Similar patterns were observed with vitamin D levels, emphasizing potential associations between vitamin status and semen quality.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest a potential link between low serum vitamin B12 and D levels and suboptimal semen parameters in infertile males. Addressing these nutritional deficiencies may hold promise for improving male fertility outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms involved and explore targeted interventions.
Exploring electrocardiographic alterations and the prolongation of QT interval in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Arya Tushar , Kumar Rajendra , Aziz Tarique , Alam Md Shadab , Kujur Anit
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects a substantial proportion of the world’s population and is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to cardiac arrhythmias, specifically prolonged QT intervals. This study investigates the correlation between glycemic control and cardiac health in 77 diabetic patients.

Methods:

Patients with both type 1 and type 2 DM aged 14 to 82 years were included. Various clinical and metabolic parameters were evaluated, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). QT intervals were measured using electrocardiograms (ECGs), and patients were categorized based on their QTc intervals. SPSS was used for statistical analysis, including one-way ANOVA tests.

Results:

The study revealed diverse age and gender representation among diabetic patients. Most patients had type 2 diabetes (87%) with varying illness durations. Patients ranged in age from 14 to 82 years, with a mean of 48.14 16.58 years. The gender distribution was even (49% male and 51% female). Most participants had diabetes for less than five years (57%) and varied treatment histories (71% managed with oral hypoglycemic agents, 17% with insulin, and 12% with a combination). The ECG revealed ST-T alterations (4%) as well as sinus tachycardia (13%) and left ventricular hypertrophy (19%).

Conclusion:

This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between diabetes, glycemic control, and cardiac health. QTc interval variations were observed even though the clinical and metabolic profiles of the patients varied. The influence of glycemic control on QT intervals and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients requires additional study.
Assessment of appropriate utilization of out-of-office diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of hypertension
Authors: Jnaid Hussam , Aldosari Mohammed , Ahmad Mohammad Waqar , Alendijani Yaser , BaGubair Amira , Alhaffar Dalal , Albasheer Zainab , Alrasheed Mansour
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Out-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurement devices, such as ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and home BP monitoring (HBPM), enhance the accuracy and reliability of BP readings, detecting white-coat and masked hypertension. The American Heart Association (AHA) advises confirming hypertension diagnoses with ABPM to prevent overdiagnosis, emphasizing the importance of precise out-of-office diagnostic tools. This study aimed to 1) explore the prevalence of ABPM and HBPM use prior to hypertension diagnosis; 2) assess the adherence to AHA recommendations regarding ABPM utilization; and 3) investigate the association between patient characteristics and out-of-office BP monitoring practices.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed a random sample of adult patients newly diagnosed with essential hypertension at a tertiary hospital primary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2016 and 2022.

Results:

This study evaluated the use of ABPM and HBPM in a sample of 268 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, with a mean age of 49.17 ± 12.69 years. Although ABPM orders were placed for 57.8% of patients, only 48.5% completed the procedure. Notably, 42.2% of hypertension diagnoses were solely based on ABPM, while 7.1% and 1.1% utilized HBPM alone or in combination with ABPM, respectively. This analysis revealed a lower utilization of ABPM among older adults, individuals with diabetes or chronic kidney disease, and married patients (P < 0.05). However, this association with marital status, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease was no longer statistically significant in a fully adjusted model (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Out-of-office BP monitoring, particularly ABPM, was underutilized in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, especially in older age groups and patients with specific comorbidities, who may benefit the most from this method. These results underscore the need for increasing physician knowledge and compliance with the existing guidelines.
Perceptual filters: Exploring disability and ableism’s cognitive framework
Authors: Vasudeva Abhimanyu , Mohanraj Palani Selvam , Tripathi Richa , Shrivastava Anita Kashi , Vardhan Vikram
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Ableism, akin to other forms of discrimination such as sexism and racism, is increasingly recognized as a pervasive societal concern directed towards individuals with disabilities. This scholarly inquiry delineates the operational definition, manifestations, and ramifications of ableism, with a specific focus on its manifestations within healthcare settings. It underscores the critical need for targeted interventions aimed at mitigating biases among healthcare professionals and promoting inclusivity within healthcare delivery systems. Utilizing insights from cognitive psychology, the study conceptualizes ableism as a cognitive distortion, explicating the mechanisms through which biases shape perceptions and recommending Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as a promising intervention modality. The paper advocates for exploration of intersectional analyses, utilization of qualitative research methodologies, and cultivation of collaborative partnerships with disability advocacy organizations to develop more comprehensive intervention approaches. Noteworthy limitations of the current discourse include the potential for tokenistic representations and the imperative for genuine and substantive engagement with the voices and experiences of individuals with disabilities.