bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deflagration of Emulsion Explosive
Authors: Yan Shi Long , Xie Xing Hua , Zhou Hui Sheng
Published: December 2014

Analog emulsion explosives production, observed its detonation. Deflagration and detonation of explosives determine how the phenomenon is long plagued with explosive materials in the field of military issues directly related to the safe and efficient use of explosives, by observing the special emulsion explosive blasting product, you can visually distinguish qualitatively blasting boundaries. Emulsion explosive detonation accompanied undecomposed completely yellow mist generated, and XRD test results showed the product to an amorphous structure, with detonation products feature a clear distinction.Then the factors of hot spots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurred conditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.
The Betti Number of Prior Austenite Structure of Repeated Quenching Bearing Steels (JIS, SUJ2)
Authors: Kida Katsuyuki , Mizobe Koshiro , Arai Ryosuke , Nakane Kazuaki
Published: December 2014

In order to evaluate the effect of heating pattern on the grain structure refinement of bearing steel (JIS, SUJ2), samples were quenched once, twice and three times. After quenching, the samples were polished and etched with Van Gieson solution. Based on our former investigations using Homology analysis, theBettinumbers of the prior austenite grains were observed. It was concluded that theBettinumbers of the grains were strongly correlated to the refined structure.
Testing of Pre-Stressing Masonry Wall with Using Different Thickness of Anchor Plates
Authors: Stara Marie
Published: December 2014

Contribution deals with experimental measurements of deformations in the place exposed to local load caused by additional pre-stressing. The measurements are made at the masonry brick corner built in the laboratory equipment. The laboratory equipment was designed at Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB – TU Ostrava for measurement tri-axial stress-strain conditions in masonry. In this brick corner one pre-stressing bar is placed. And on the pre-stressing bar is anchored to the anchor plate which transfer pre-stressing forces to the masonry. The thickness of brick corner is 440mm and anchor plate will be used about thickness 10, 20 and 30mm. Mathematical modelling of brick corner is based on finite element method using software ANSYS and then the results are compared with results of laboratory tests. On the basis of these results it should be possible to improve the models and to approach closer to the accurate and at the same time simple procedure for design of pre-stressed masonry.
New Knowledge in the Field of Reduction of Shear Stress in the Foundation Structures of Concrete or Masonry Structures
Authors: Smirakova Martina
Published: December 2014

This paper deals with application of sliding joint into foundation structures which can be very helpful in case that the foundation structure is exposed to effect of relative horizontal deformation. These deformations can be created direct in the structure from the effect of creep or shrinkage of concrete, from the effect of pre-stressing of foundation structure or they can arise in the subsoil as a consequence of undermining. Sliding joints are often created from asphalt belts which help to increase of friction forces in the foundation bottom. Due to fact that today ́s market gives a lot of new modern materials, the laboratory tests are carried out to verify their behavior at the Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB Technical University of Ostrava (Czech Republic). The basic principle of these tests is to simulate real behavior sliding joint in foundation structure and great attention is also focused on thermal sensitivity of majority of used materials. Thermal sensitivity at the action of mechanical load relates closely with their rheological properties. Rheology is the science about deformation of substances in the dependence on time and it helps to describe difficult materials using simpler rheological materials models. A right created rheological model of asphalt belt could be used to prediction of behavior of sliding joint with regard to time of loading and ambient temperature. The knowledge of change of asphalt belt behavior consequently to temperature change could be used in the future to design of this type sliding joint where the temperature will be not only monitored but also managed in the dependence on necessity of increasing or decreasing of shear resistance. Partial results from laboratory tests as well as current conclusion will be presented in this paper.
The Research of Waterproof Used on Mudstone
Authors: Zhang Yan Na
Published: December 2014

The paper launched a study of waterproof material for mudstone in gas drilling. The adhesion with rock surfaces and water resistance of four synthetic waterproof materials were experimentally evaluated. The results showed that the four synthetic waterproof materials had a good adhesion to the surface of the rock, which could meet operational requirements in the vertical plane. The synthetic waterproof materials had excellent waterproof property, and could withstand immersion in water of more than 72h.
Stability Test of Emulsion Matrix in the Emulsifier
Authors: Zhou Hui Sheng , Xie Xing Hua , Xu Kang
Published: December 2014

Aqueous emulsion explosives are oxidants andcarbonaceous fuel through theemulsifier, the use of technology toprepare emulsion obtained byemulsifying system in the thermodynamic sense isan unstable system. Therefore,the stability of emulsion explosives is a fundamentalproblem. Stability refers to the so-called emulsion explosives and their ability tomaintain the physical state of constantchange significantly explosiveperformance does not occur that emulsionexplosives stratification occursduring storage at room temperature,variations, breaking and loss experienced by the time of detonation capability. Storage stability is a measure of good or bad quality ofemulsion explosives is an important pointer, which determines the size of an emulsion explosive production,application conditions and ranges.By X-ray diffractionand microstructure analysis, intuitive judgment pastestability of emulsion explosives,which provides a potential industrial testmethod for solving emulsionexplosive powder and colloidalcrystallization caking hardening problems.
Comparative Analysis of Pile Joints
Authors: Ptuhina Irina , Alzhanova Raushan , Akhatuly Alisher , Maier Valentina
Published: December 2014

Opportunities of factories, transport companies and piling driving machines does not allow to produce longer piles when it is necessary. Currently this problem could be solved by joining parts of piles. A wide range of pile joints are known therefore it is a problem for building companies to choose which one is more relevant. In this connection there is a need to identify what joint is the most optimal. In this work main types of joints are compared in accordance with up-to-date requirements to building constructions and technologies. On the basis of these comparisons it is concluded that the most effective is pin joint type
Steady State Thermal Behaviour of Ceramic Wick Structure for Application in Two Phase Heat Transfer Devices
Authors: Berti Lucas Freitas , dos Santos Paulo Henrique Dias , Rambo Carlos Renato , Hotza Dachamir , Bazzo Edson
Published: December 2014

This work reports on results from two phase heat transfer devices assembled with ceramic capillary structure. It is firstly presented the manufacturing of the ceramic wick structures and afterwards the characterization of the morphological-and fluid-dynamical properties of these ceramic wick structures. As closing results, it is presented the thermal behaviour of two different two phase heat transfer devices, i.e. a Capillary Pumped Loop and a Loop Heat Pipe. The properties of the ceramic wick structure are within the desirable range for a correct functioning of these devices, e.g. porosity, pore size and permeability constants ranging from 40 to 60%, from 5 to 30μm and from 10-10 to 10-13m2, respectively. The thermal behaviour tests of the heat transfer devices used power heat load input in range from 10 to 20W and for all devices the evaporator temperature reached steady state condition. Thus, as a result, it can be claimed these ceramic wick structures as successful alternative for assembling capillary evaporator of CPL and LHP.
Metallic Mesh as Capillary Structure Applied in Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger for Heat Recovery
Authors: Santos Diogo L.F. , Marquardt Larissa S. , Santos Paulo H.D. , Alves Thiago Antonini
Published: December 2014

This work presents a theoretical and experimental analysis of a heat exchanger assisted by five heat pipes made of copper with a metallic mesh 100 of stainless steel which was used as capillary structure. All heat pipes used water as the working fluid and were designed based on the capillary limit model. The heat pipes were developed and tested under heat loads varying from 20 to 50 W before application into the heat exchanger. The theoretical and experimental results were compared and all heat pipes worked satisfactorily. Thereafter, it is presented the development of heat pipe heat exchanger which was tested under heat loads varying from 100 to 250 W. The highest temperature measured on the external surface of the heat pipes was 90 oC and the heat exchanger thermal efficiency varied from 74 to 80%. It is showed that the use of a stainless steel mesh as a porous wick was proved to work successfully in heat pipes.
Heat Sink Cooling Fan and Rotation Speed Effect Analysis on Heat Dissipation of High Power GaN LED Package
Authors: Vairavan Rajendaran , Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Sauli Zaliman , Kamarudin Hussin , Mohamad Isa Muammar , Taniselass Steven
Published: December 2014

In this work, thermal simulation analysis on high power LED is reported where the effect of the heat sink cooling fan and its rotation speed on the heat dissipation of the high power LED was evaluated. Ansys version 11 was utilized for the simulation. The thermal performance of the high power LED package was assessed in terms of operating junction temperature, von Mises stress and thermal resistance. The heat dissipation analysis was done under four types of convection condition:one natural convection conditionthree forced convection condition,. The forced convection condition was used to replicate the effect of a fan with various rotation speeds placed under the heat sink to increase the convective heat transfer coefficient. Results of the analysis showed that that the junction temperature, von Mises stress and thermal resistance of the GaN chip reduces with the increase of the fan rotation speed.
Application of Different Conductive Substrate Materials for Heat Transfer Enhancement in Cooling of Electronic Components
Authors: Alves Thiago Antonini , Barbur Murilo A. , Baptista Nishida Felipe
Published: December 2014

In this research, a study of the heat transfer enhancement in electronic components mounted in channels was conducted by using different materials in the conductive substrate. In this context, a numerical analysis was performed to investigate the cooling of 3D protruding heaters mounted on the bottom wall (substrate) of a horizontal rectangular channel using the ANSYS/FluentTM 15.0 software. Three different materials of the conductive substrate were analyzed, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), fiberglass reinforced epoxy laminate (FR4), and pure aluminum (Al). Uniform heat generation rate was considered for the protruding heaters and the cooling process happened through a steady laminar airflow, with constant properties. The fluid flow velocity and temperature profiles were uniform at the channel entrance. For the adiabatic substrate, the cooling process occurred exclusively by forced convection. For the conductive substrate, the cooling process was characterized by conjugate forced convection-conduction heat transfer through two mechanisms; one directly between the heaters surfaces and the flow by forced convection, and the other through conduction at the interfaces heater-substrate in addition to forced convection from the substrate to the fluid flow at the substrate surface. The governing equations and boundary conditions were numerically solved through a coupled procedure using the Control Volumes Method in a single domain comprising the solid and fluid regions. Commonly used properties in cooling of electronics components mounted in a PCB and typical geometry dimensions were utilized in the results acquisition. Some examples were presented, indicating the dependence of the substrate thermal conductivity related to the Reynolds number on the heat transfer enhancement. Thus, resulting in a lower work temperature at the electronic components.
Thermal Simulation Analysis of High Power LED with Varied Heat Sink Fin Design
Authors: Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Sauli Zaliman , Kamarudin Hussin , Mohamad Isa Muammar , Kuan Gan Meng
Published: December 2014

In this paper, the heat distribution for single chip high power LED package attached with varied heat sink fin shapes were analyzed through simulation. The main focus of this study was to scrutinize the fluctuation of junction temperature with different shapes of heat sink fin designs. The simulation was done using Ansys version 11. The single chip LED was loaded with input power of 0.5 W and 1 W . Simulation was done at ambient temperature of 25°C under three convection coefficient of 5, 10 and 15 W/m2.oC respectively. The obtained results showed that the LED package with pyramid pin fin heat sink has demonstrated a better thermal performance compared to the LED package with cylindrical pin fin heat sink.
Study on Low TCR TaN Thin Film Resistors by D.C. Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wang Bin , Song Zhen Guo , Cao Qian Tao
Published: December 2014

In this paper, TaN thin film were deposited on ceramic substrates by D.C. magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology of two types of TaN thin film resistors were investigated by SEM. The characteristics of the TaN thin film resistor was also studied. The key point was put on the TCR of the TaN thin film resistors. The resistors were trimmed by the autoxidation process and the anodic oxidation process, and the TCR values of about +21ppm/°C and-137.3ppm/°C in average have been achieved respectively.
Research on Compression Performance of Variety Cashmere Sweaters
Authors: Yang Liu , Yang Jian Zhong , Li Long
Published: December 2014

Using fabric style instrument (KES-FB-AUTO-A) tested compression performance of variety cashmere sweaters. The compression process of variety cashmere sweater are divided into the following three processes: Approximate linear region, the transition region (slip deformation zone), the modulus increases linearly area. Four variety cashmere sweater modulus increases linearly areas are increasing significantly under pressure.
Application of Dark Field Model of OM in Quantitative Detection of Strengthen Phase in Beryllium Bronze
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Huo Jian Dong , Lu Bo , Zhao Bing Yu
Published: December 2014

Beryllium bronze is widely used in electronic industry as stretchy component. The evaluation of treatment effect depends on experience at present. This article tries to detect the strengthen phase in Beryllium bronze quantitatively. The XRD is used applying external standard method in order to detect the amount of strengthen phase directly. And SEM and OM are used too for proper binary image. The results showed the pictures taken by OM under dark field model at specific parameter were suitable for computer to distinguish the strengthen phase from the base. This method could quantitatively detect the amount of the second phase successfully through making full use of dark field model of OM. At the same time, this method is of efficiency and economy.
Inverse Multiquadrics with Optimal Shape Parameter for Stress Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates
Authors: Liang Yu , Xiang Song , Zhao Wei Ping
Published: December 2014

Stress of simply functionally graded plates is predicted by the meshless method based on inverse multiquadrics radial basis function. The genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize the shape parameter of inverse multiquadrics radial basis function. The stress of simply functionally graded plates is calculated using the inverse multiquadrics with optimal shape parameter and compared with the analytical results of available literatures.
"321" Incident Iron Ions Characteristics and Catalytic Mechanism of Thinking
Authors: Xie Xing Hua , Dai Chun Yang , Zhou Hui Sheng
Published: December 2014

Compatibilityand safety systems research and production equipment itself explosives mixedvehicle technology between the establishment and development of the explosionmechanism of explosive accidents and prevent the occurrence of accidentalexplosion of explosives to achieve disaster prevention and reduction, to ensurethe safety of personnel and minimize property damage. Research explosives mixedvehicle production equipment commonly used in metal and alloys in aqueousammonium nitrate system compatibility, especially at higher temperatures and avariety of elements, such as the case of explosives from the synergies toaccelerate the reaction conditions, choose good compatibility the materials toimprove the production of mixed explosive nature of car safety, to solve theproduction of explosives explosion problem.
Effect of Split-Sleeve Cold Expansion on the Fatigue Life of 7050-T7451 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Huang Hong , Zhao Qing Yun , Liu Feng Lei
Published: December 2014

Split-sleeve cold expansion processing was employed on the 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy plate. Fatigue lives were compared according different expansion, then the relationship of fatigue life and expansion was analyzed. Residual stresses were measured with different expansion, and the fatigue fractograph was analyzed by SEM. The results show that the split-sleeve cold expansion can obtain longer life compared with the non-strengthen hole. When over the optimum expansion, fatigue life began to decrease. The maximum fatigue life increased to 2.92 times with 4.1% expansion. The maximum values of radial residual stresses grew with expansion. The depths of residual compressive stresses were more than 6mm with 2.6% and 4.1% expansion. The fatigue fractograph shows mixed transgranular fracture.
Anodic Bonding of Silicon-Pyrex and Silicon-Soda Lime Glass at Room Temperature
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Hafiz Ab , Sauli Zaliman , Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Kamarudin Hussin , Wan Norhaimi Wan Mokhdzani , Palianysamy Moganraj
Published: December 2014

Silicon wafer bonding opens possibilities in creating MEMS devices and anodic bonding is found to be the most relevant wafer bonding technique process in constructing and packaging MEMS. This paper reports on the bond strength comparison between silicon and different glass based materials via anodic bonding. Two types of glass based surface used pyrex and soda lime glass. Bonding temperature is set at room temperature while a high direct current voltage of 15kV. Experiments were carried out using an in-house designed anodic bonder and the bond strength were measured using a bond strength tester. The anodic approach process was done in two sets which are before and after the cleaning process for each sample. Results show that all samples showed higher bond strength after the cleaning process. Silicon-soda lime glass have higher bonding strength of 1950 Pa compared to silicon-pyrex bonding which only gives 1850 Pa of bond strength.
Silicon Doped Boron and Glass Based Surface Bonding Strength Analysis via Anodic Bonding Approach
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Hafiz Ab , Sauli Zaliman , Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Kamarudin Hussin , Wan Norhaimi Wan Mokhdzani , Palianysamy Moganraj
Published: December 2014

In this paper, the bondability of silicon bonded to different glass based material was studied by analyzing the bond strength comparison using the anodic bonding approach. The three types of glass based surface used were silica, pyrex, and soda lime glass. Experiments were carried out using an in-house designed anodic bonder and the bond strength were measured using a bond strength tester. Silicon will be placed on the positive terminal while the glass based materials will be placed on the negative terminal. The anodic process was done in two sets which are before and after the cleaning process for each sample. For every set, there are three different bonding partners, which are silicon with silica, silicon with Pyrex, and silicon with soda lime glass. From the results, it can be seen that majority of the samples showed higher bond strength after the cleaning process. Silicon bonded to soda lime glass showed the highest bond strength compared with other materials. This was followed by silicon to pyrex bonding and finally silicon to silica bonding. The maximum bond strength for all samples achieved in the range of 25 until 35 minutes of bonding time. After that, all samples show a critical decrease of bond strength except for the bonding process between silicon doped boron and silica. Cleaning process was proven a critical factor to achieve better bondability as shown in the higher bond strength obtained.
Failure Analysis and Precaution of NPN Transistors G3G33A
Authors: Huang Jiao Ying , Hu Zhen Yi , Zhao Peng , Gao Cheng
Published: December 2014

Failure analysis (FA) is a critical element in the development of engineering processes and products. FA of components is the process of identifying failure mode/mechanism and finding out the causes of failure that relies on using of different testing techniques and analysis methods. It provides information necessary for technology advancement and for corrective action to improve quality and reliability. IC’s for military and space applications have extremely stringent reliability requirements. In this paper, the role of FA was discussed. And common and new techniques and tools were reviewed. Then the failure analysis of NPN transistors G3GGA was completed. Conclusions and recommendations for the analysis of failure sample and additional sample within the same batch are drawn from the discussions. This paper might serve as a reference to laboratories when encountering such problems.
Effect of the La3+-Doping Concentration on the Properties of TiO2 Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Bai Tao , Zhu Shi Gen
Published: December 2014

Various rare earth (La3+) doped titaniumdioxide(TiO2) thin films (La3+-doped TiO2) have been successfully prepared on a glass substrate by a sol–gel dip coating route using titanium tetraisopropoxide and lanthanum chloride as the initial materials. After the La3+-doped TiO2 thin films were calcined at 500°C for 1h, the effect of La3+-doping on the properties of films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric- differential scanning calorimeter techniques (TG/DTG). The XRD results showed that all La3+-doped TiO2 thin films contained only a single crystalline phase of anatase TiO2 after calcining at 500°C for 1h. Moreover, the XRD results also revealed that the crystallinity and crystalline size decreased with increased La3+-doping. SEM micrographs showed that all La3+- doped TiO2 thin films have smooth surfaces containing granular nanocrystallines and are without cracks. TG/DTG measurement showed that there was a significant weight loss of the TiO2 precursor calcined in the temperature range from ambient to 660 °C, which was due to the volatilizing of water and organic and the phase transformation.
The Nano Tungsten Thin Film and its Contacting Property with Aluminium Electrodes
Authors: Liang Wei , Jin Yu Feng , Zhang Jin Wen
Published: December 2014

In this paper we report nanothickness tungsten (W) thin films with nanoscale thickness prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Three kinds of samples were realized using micromachining technology, including two-wire and four-wire terminal configurations and only Al electrodes. Using four-wire terminal method, we studied on the electrical property of W film and the contacting resistance between W film and Al electrode. The results show that our as-deposited W film is β-W crystal structure and exhibits good resistive property. Al formed a good ohmic contact with W films. Both the resistivity of W film and the contacting resistance declined nearly linearly with the thickness increasing.
Unusual Properties of Anisotropic Magnetodielectric Metamaterials
Authors: Dong Yun Xia , Liu Chun Ying
Published: December 2014

A phenomenological quantization of electromagnetic field is introduced in the presence of the anisotropic magnetodielectric metamaterials. For a single layer structure with the anisotropic metamaterials, input-output relations are derived using the Green-function approach. Based on these relations, the reflectance of the linearly polarized wave through this structure is calculated. The results show different reflectance for different polarized waves and indicate an application of the anisotropic metamaterials to be the reflectors for certain polarized wave. Furthermore it is found that such a structure can realize the resonant gap with the increase of the thickness. Finally the effects of the absorption are considered and we find that the above properties do not change with introduction of the absorption.
Superhydrophobic Polyimide via UV Photo-Oxidation and Fluoroalkyl Silanization: Changes in Surface Chemistry
Authors: Gu Hong Yu , Song Li Xin , Zhang Jin Lin , Qi Zhen Yi
Published: December 2014

Topographically rich superhydrophilic surfaces can be generated by UV photo-oxidation of originally flat polyimide. Then stable superhydrophobic PI films can be achieved after fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) modification. Present work describes the changes in surface chemistry during the preparation processes. After UV treatment in air, PI was oxidized accompanied by the generation of OH and amide groups as well as N-O bondings. Moreover, the oxidized polymer tended to aggregate as protrusions, gathering of polar groups such as OH groups. The OH groups could further react with FAS, combining fluoroalkyl chains with irradiated PI through O-Si bondings (silanization). The chemical bindings contributed to the stability of superhydrophobicity.
Ambient Temperature Based Thermal Aware Energy Efficient ROM Design on FPGA
Authors: Saini Rishita , Bansal Neha , Bansal Meenakshi , Kalra Lakshay , Mohan Singh Preet , Pandey Bishwajeet , Akbar Hussain D.M.
Published: December 2014

—Thermal aware design is currently gaining importance in VLSI research domain. In this work, we are going to design thermal aware energy efficient ROM on Virtex-5 FPGA. Ambient Temperature, airflow, and heat sink profile play a significant role in thermal aware hardware design life cycle. Ambient temperature is a temperature of surroundings. Airflow is measured in Linear Feet per Minute (LFM). Medium profile and high profile are two different heat sink profile available in XPower analyzer.When frequency goes from 4.0GHz to 1.0GHz, there is 21.8% reduction in clock power, 75% reduction in I/O Power, 35.6% reduction in leakage power and 53.8% reduction in total power at the same frequency.
Theoretical Investigation of Carbon Atom Adsorption and Diffusion on the Surfaces of Cu
Authors: Qiao Liang , Liu Shu Jie , Hu Xiao Ying , Wang Li Li , Bi Dong Mei
Published: December 2014

The adsorption and diffusion of carbon atom on Cu (111) and (100) surfaces have been investigated based on first-principles density-functional theory. For Cu (111) surface, the hexagonal close-packed and face-centered cubic sites are the most stable sites with little energy difference in the adsorption energy. For Cu (100) surface, the hollow site is the most stable. There is charge transfer from Cu surface to the adsorbed carbon atom. Moreover, the diffusions of carbon atom on Cu surfaces have been investigated, and the results show that the diffusion of carbon atom prefers to happen on Cu (111) surface.
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Nanostructure WC Composite Coatings Prepared by Argon Arc Cladding Injection
Authors: Wang Zhen Ting , Zhu Shi Kui , Feng Fan , Cheng Hao Ran , Kang Zhi Jie , Zhang Su Shuang , Hu Lei , Gao Hong Ming
Published: December 2014

Nanostructure WC composite coatings were prepared on surface of Q235 steel by argon arc cladding injection using microstructure WC feeding which were prepared by nanostructure WC powder. The microstructure of the coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase of the coating were analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer and X-Ray diffract meter, moreover, microhardness and wear resistance were texted by Microhardness tester (HVST-1000) and friction wear testing machine (MMS-2A). The results show that the combination of coating and substrate is metallurgical bonding. and no Pores and cracks were founded in bonding area. aggregated nanostructure WC particles and nanostructure WC particles uniformly distributed in the coating. The maximum hardness of the coating is 1461 HV. Compared with the Q235 steel, the wear resistance of the coating increased about 15 times.
Development of a Control System of Testing Machine for Rock Breaking Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer
Authors: Zhang Meng Yi , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2014

A control system of testing machine for rock breaking is developed based on Atmega 16 single-chip microcomputer, which acquires analog signals by a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor and a torque sensor. The system converts the signals into digital signals by means of A/D conversion and data processing, and displays them on the LCD screen. The parameters on the testing machine, such as pressures, displacements and torques, can be achieved in real time in the system. Then they are analyzed to obtain rock breaking characteristics. It is shown by experiment that the system meets the control requirements of the testing machine for rock breaking.
Improving Efficiency and Enhancing Productivity in Transporting Fertilizers by Using Conveyor Belt Cleaners
Authors: Ariff Tasnim F. , Jusoh Muhd. Fahmi B. , Parnin Malek , Azenan Mohd. Hanif
Published: December 2014

Conveyor belts are used widely to carry and transport various materials ranging from fertilizers to foods items from the cargo ship to the packaging site. Spillage and carryback problems are common issues relating to transportaion of these types of materials at Malaysian ports. This leads to lots of wastage in fertilizers and food. In addition, extra manual labour work is required to shovel the spillage into the container. This raises the concern of hygiene especially when relating to food items. Furthermore, improper washing and drainage system has also lead to corrosion on the floor. This has resulted in a lot of inefficient work and lack in productivity in the material handling system. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, primary and secondary belt cleaners were designed using CATIA software. These newly improved simple and cost effective designs of the primary and secondary belt cleaners together with a spray shaft and efficient washing box were fabricated, tested and implemented successfully. The spillage was eliminated and with the new washing system, corrosion on the floor can be prevented from occuring in the future.
Design of NFC Tag Loop Antenna Based on PCB Material
Authors: Long Shuo , Jing Wei Ping
Published: December 2014

The Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range radio technology operating in the frequency of 13.56 MHz. This paper introduces a kind of double sided PCB loop antenna which is designed for small size NFC tag working in complex environment, and proposes a solution to improve the quality factor of NFC tag. Based on the electromagnetic wave theory, the NFC communication protocol and the tag equivalent circuit, we discuss the effect of inductance and resistance to the resonance point and the quality factor of NFC tag with MATLAB mathematical tools. Then we use ADS software to modeling and simulation of the label and loop antenna. The designed NFC tag loop antenna meets the resonant requirements and has good properties of S11 and quality factor.
Velocity Correction of Total Focusing Method and its Application to Ultrasonic Inspection of Composite Laminate
Authors: Xu Na , Yue Xiang , Wang Dong Sheng
Published: December 2014

The reliable detection of composite material is dramatically important with its wide application in the aerospace industry. A new post-processing mode of ultrasonic array inspection, entitled total focusing method(TFM), offers significant advantages including high sensitivity and greater inspection coverage. Based on this mode, a wave velocity correction method for the elastic anisotropic of composites is put forward. Subsequently, practical application is carried out to image and locate the defect in a composite laminate sample to demonstrate the advantage of the described method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the ability to detect and evaluate defects in composite laminates.
A Label-Free Biosensor Based on Nanoscale Porous Silicon Thin Film for Tuberculosis Detection
Authors: Shi Ya Min , Rong Guo Guang , Wang Dan Ni , Zhang Shu Lin , Zhu Yong Xin
Published: December 2014

Though techniques in medicine develop in a very fast pace, tuberculosis still bothers researchers for its extensive existence. It is urgent to find faster, cheaper and more convenient new ways for diagnosis of tuberculosis. In this paper, we demonstrated a novel serodiagnostic method based on porous silicon thin film. Porous silicon has been proven feasible to function as biosensors in a lot of research. While most serodiagnostic methods are labeled detection, our porous silicon biosensor is a label-free technique. This kind of biosensor is manufactured in a simple way with relatively lower cost while providing an excellent sensitivity and specificity. Through the experiment of LAM antigen and anti-LAM antibody interacting on a porous silicon thin film platform, we proved the feasibility of our new detection approach. Furthermore, we also provided some innovation insights for improving our biosensor which may help it be practically applicable.
The Modern Current Sensors of Synthetic Magnetic Resin Part 3 - Transmission Characteristics and Design of the Sensor Amplifier
Authors: Lokvenc Jaroslav , Drtina René , Šedivý Josef , Jiricek Radek , Cizinsky Lukas
Published: December 2014

The article presents the results of unpublished research on the new generation current sensors, designed on the basis of cold-cast magnetic materials. The development of current sensors with core cast focused primarily on the possibility of their application for the measurement of large currents and for the purpose of measuring the electricity and power electronics. The article presents the results of measurements of transmission characteristics of the prototype sensor, the sensing ampli­fier design and measurement results of the entire scanning unit.
Ce-Ti-MoOx Prepared by Sol-Gel Method for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Zhang Qiu Lin , Liu Xin , Ning Ping , Li Hao , Song Zhong Xian , Gu Jun Jie
Published: December 2014

Ce-Ti-MoOx catalysts with different Mo contents have been prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3-SCR). As-prepared catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption and XRD analysis. It was found that the Ce-Ti-MoOx catalyst with nominal MoO3 content of 10 % exhibited the best NH3-SCR activity, over 90 % of NO conversions could be obtained at 200 - 425 °C with GHSV of 100 000 h-1.
Experimental Correlation between Metallurgical Parameters, Hardness and Drilling Force and Moment of Al-Si Alloys
Authors: Tash Mahmoud M. , Abuhasel Khaled A. , Alkahtani Saleh A.
Published: December 2014

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of alloying additions and aging parameters (time and temperature) on the hardness and machinability of Al-Si alloys. Hardness, drilling force and moment and number of holes drilled/tool measurements were carried out on specimens prepared from grain refined, Sr modified and heat treated Al-Si alloys. Aging treatments were carried out for the as solution treated (SHT) specimens (after quenching in warm water) at different conditions. Hardness, drilling force and moment and number of holes drilled/tool as a function of different metallurgical parameters are analyzed to acquire an understanding of the effects of these variables and their interactions on the hardness and machinability of heat treated Al-Si alloys.
Determination of Hydraulic Permeability Based on the Measurements of Outflow
Authors: Kačur Jozef , Minár Jozef
Published: December 2014

In this paper we present a method for the determination of the hydraulic permeability for flow in partially saturated porous media. The dependence of hydraulic permeability on effective saturation is not assumed to be a member of any specific finite dimensional class of functions (e.g. vanGenuchten-Mualem, Burdin-Mualem, Brook-Corey). Instead, an infinite dimensional space of functions with limited a priori assumptions (e.g. smoothness, monotonicity) is considered. Consequently, we face a more challenging problem compared to the finite-dimensional case, in which only few tuning parameters need to be determined. We consider the case of 1D unsaturated flow and assume that the data are collected at the outflow of the sample. The hydraulic permeability is determined in an iterative way. We minimize the cost functional reflecting the discrepancy between the measured and computed data. In doing so, we use the Gateaux differential to obtain the direction of the descent.
Hygrothermal Performance and Degradation of Gypsum Houses in Different Brazilian Climates
Authors: Almeida R.M.S.F. , Paula P. , Santos A. , Ramos N.M.M. , Delgado João M.P.Q. , de Freitas V.P.
Published: December 2014

This work consisted of two main lines of research: one of a literature review and other of simulation. In the first part, a modular constructive system based on gypsum blocks is presented. This constructive system reduces the manpower considerably, the time of execution and the final costs of construction. However, the durability assessment should be analysed but first its implementation and performance along the country must analysed.In this work a preliminary experimental characterization of the thermal conductivity, vapour permeability and water absorption coefficient of two different samples of gypsum plasters from the northeast Brazil (plaster pole of Araripe, Pernambuco) was performed. The experimental and analytical procedures followed either international standards or well-established methodologies, supporting the analysis of gypsum walls hygrothermal behaviour. The measured properties were adopted as inputs to hygrothermal simulation software and the analysis of gypsum based exterior walls was conducted for different climate zones and exposure conditions. The study demonstrates the durability issues that may arise in each location, due to differences in hygrothermal action.The other simulation part included hygrothermal advanced modelling, using the EnergyPlus software. The numerical results carried out allow a discussion over the interior comfort and durability of this modular constructive system. In this paper, the computer simulation model and the results of a parametric analysis of the dwelling performance on the eight climatic regions defined in Brazilian regulations are presented. The model was validated using the in situ measurements of air temperature.
Simulation of Precipitates Evolution in Steels with V and Nb at Annealing
Authors: Gorbachev I.I. , Popov Vladimir V. , Pasynkov A.Yu.
Published: December 2014

Based on the mean field approximation, a model has been worked out for the description of evolution of carbonitride precipitate ensemble with various composition in steels at the stages of their growth, dissolution and coarsening. Based on the numerical realization of this model, the calculations of growth and dissolution kinetics of carbonitrides in a Fe-Nb-V-C-N system have been carried out.
Determination of Radial Dispersion Coefficient in Beds of Sand from Measurements of the Rate of Dissolution of Buried Cylinders Aligned with the Flow
Authors: Delgado João M.P.Q.
Published: December 2014

A method is presented for determining the coefficient of transverse dispersion in flow through packed beds, which is based on the measurement of the rate of dissolution of planar or cylindrical surfaces, buried in the bed and aligned with the flow direction. The underlying theory is initially explained and experiments are then described in which more than three hundred new data points were obtained. These data are for the flow of water, at interstitial velocities between 0.1 and 1.5 mm/s, through beds of silica sand with average particle sizes between 0.219 and 0.496 mm. The experiments were performed at a range of temperatures, between 20oC and 35oC, and this yielded dispersion data for values of the Schmidt number (Sc=μ /ρDm) between 1170 and 570. For all the data reported, the ratio between the coefficient of transverse dispersion and the coefficient of molecular diffusion was shown to correlate well with the Reynolds number (Re=udρ /μ), both for beds with narrow and with wide particle size distributions.
Simulating Heat and Mass Transfer in Drying Process: Applications in Grains
Authors: Pereira E.M.A. , Silva J.V. , Andrade T.H.F. , de Farias Neto S.R. , Barbosa de Lima A.G.
Published: December 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate numerically heat and mass transport during drying of grains with particular reference to bean and rough rice. The proposed mathematical models based on the Fick’s and Fourier’s Laws consider constant physical properties and convective boundary condition at the surface of the solid. The solutions of the governing equations were performed using ANSYS CFX® software. The grains were regarded as an ellipsoid of revolution. Results of the drying and heating kinetics and moisture content and temperature distributions in the grains along the drying process are presented and analyzed.
Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Using Extended Aeration Activated Sludge
Authors: Gasim Hayder , Megat Abdur Rahman Megat Mohamed Amin , Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty
Published: December 2014

The petroleum refinery wastewater biological treatment is widely investigated because of the potential complete mineralization and environmental aspect. In this study, petroleum refinery wastewater was treated in an extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) reactor A, operated in parallel with EAAS reactor B as a control, fed with municipal wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) organic loading rate (OLR) of the refinery wastewater in reactor B was approximately 0.057 kg COD/m3·d compared to reactor A of 0.004 kg COD/m3·d throughout the study period. The flowrate for both reactors was maintained at 21.4 L/day. Food to microorganism (F/M) ratio, COD, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) were monitored throughout the study period. The result indicated high removal efficiency of organic matter of approximately 87% as COD with 2582 mg/L of the petroleum refinery wastewater as influent and 140 mg/L as effluent.
Exploring the Determinants of Technology Innovation in MSMEs
Authors: Singh Davinder , Khamba Jaimal Singh , Nanda Tarun
Published: December 2014

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) make a significant contribution, by reducing unemployment in India. They need to operate efficiently and productively in order to maximize their contribution to nation, as well as national economies. MSMEs play a significant role in the economic growth of the country owing to production, exports and employment. They contributes 8% to the countrys GDP, 45 % to manufactures output and 40% to the countrys exports. It provides employment to 60 million people. The aggressive competition situation arising out of globalization and liberalization is forcing the organization across the globe to realize that their survival is not feasible in the absence of technological innovation. Technology innovation reflect a critical way in which organization respond to either technological or market challenges. Therefore, the importance of technology innovation in organizations competitiveness is an undeniable fact. The literature reveals that most significant determinants of technology innovation associated with MSMEs are technological collaboration and monetary management. These determinants are relatively significant in improving the manufacturing performance of MSMEs.
Investigation of Sources of Errors in Abbe Vertical Metroscope for Absolute Length Measurement - A Case Study of the National Institute for Standards, Egypt
Authors: Farid Niveen , El Bahrawi Mohamed
Published: December 2014

Metrologists at the National Institute for Standards-NIS (Egypt) develop length measuring devices to provide reliable and less expensive metrological systems for accurate measurement. Length Laboratory Group investigates the sources of errors in the absolute measurement of length using the improved Abbe vertical metroscope. The investigation includes analyzing of errors induced by optical alignment, environment, and instrument. Errors due to environment and vibration are reduced by controlling the area in which the technique is placed. The instability in the readings caused by temperature fluctuations is handled by averaging 1000 points/sec. To ensure ideal contact between the probe of the comparator and the surface of the artifact, holographic technique is used in testing the uniformity of the probe at the area of contact. Other factors influencing the measurements such as material expansion of the artifact and optical source used in the measurement are considered in the uncertainty evaluation. The uncertainty in the absolute measurement of gauge block length of 80mm is found to be ±0.2µm. The results of measuring some pieces using the absolute method are in good agreement with the corresponding reference values given in their calibration certificate.
Biological Removal of Phosphorus from Wastewater: Principles and Performance
Authors: Nedjah Nawel , Hamdaoui Oualid , Laskri Nabila
Published: December 2014

Algeria has a fragile ecosystem, characterized by a relative scarcity of water resources and their preservation is a vital imperative. The excessive intake in the natural environment of nitrogen and phosphate load in wastewater, from agricultural activities, domestic and industrial pollution, represents a pollution threat and a serious danger to the aquatic environment. Municipal wastewater contains various wastes, and usually consists of about 99.94% liquid and 0.06% solids. If this wastewater is not treated or improperly collected, it can affect both public health and environment. In our study, we will focus on the biological treatment by natural lagoon and activated sludge, which suits perfectly our country, where space and climate are favorable factors; our main objective is to eliminate the maximum existing phosphorus in wastewater by these biological treatments, which can actually eliminate total phosphorus. Through these modes of treatment we try to remove the maximum of organic matter and phosphorus in the wastewater. Consequently, the receiving environment is preserved.
Thermal Diffusion Effect on MHD Mixed Convection Unsteady Flow of a Micro Polar Fluid Past a Semi-Infinite Vertical Porous Plate with Radiation and Mass Transfer
Authors: Mamatha B. , Raju M.C. , Varma S.V.K.
Published: December 2014

The present study investigates the thermal diffusion and radiation effects on magneto hydro dynamic mixed convection flow of a micro polar fluid past an infinite, steadily moving porous plate with variable suction and constant viscosity. The equations of continuity, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy and diffusion, which govern the flow field, are solved by using a regular perturbation method. The behavior of the velocity, micro rotation, temperature, concentration, skin-friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number has been discussed for variations in the physical parameters with the help of the graphs.