bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keadilan Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Authors: Rosikhu Muhammad , Mandala Opan Satria , Efendi Saparudin
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penilitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui di dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak memiliki tujuan keadilan Restorative Justice untuk mewujudkan sumber daya yang berkualitas, maka dari hal tersebut diperlukan sarana dan prasarana hukum yang mengantisipasi stigma atau cap jahat yang ditimbulkan ketika anak berhadapan dengan hukum, sekaligus memulihkan dan memasyarakatkan kembali anak tersebut. Untuk itu lahirlah Alternative penyelesaian yang disebut dengan yang menitiberakan kepada pemulihan korban, pergantian kerugian oleh pelaku serta perbaikan hubungan korban dengan pelaku yang kemudian dikenal dengan Restorative Justice. Penilitian ini menggunakan metode metode penelitian normatif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan mengkaji ketentuan Perundang-Undangan (in abstractor) dan doktrin-doktrin para sarjana hukum yang terkait dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian hukum normatif merupakan penelitian yang mengkaji studi dokumen, yakni menggunakan berbagai data sekunder seperti Peraturan Perundang-Undangan, keputusan pengadilan, teori hukum, dan dapat berupa pendapat para sarjana. Hasil  Pelaksanaan diversi atau mediasi bagi anak ini dilatar belakangi keinginan menghindari efek negatif terhadap jiwa dan perkembangan anak oleh keterlibatannya dengan sistem peradilan pidana. Pelaksanaan diversi oleh aparat penegak hukum didasari oleh kewenangan aparat penegak hukum yang disebut diskresi (kebijakan) . Dengan penerapan konsep diversi bentuk peradilan formal yang ada selama ini lebih mengutamakan usaha memberikan perlindungan bagi anak dari tindakan pemenjaraan. Selain itu terlihat bahwa perlindungan anak dengan kebijakan diversi dapat dilakukan di semua tingkat peradilan mulai dari masyarakat sebelum terjadinya tindak pidana dengan melakukan pencegahan. The best of the Children selalu diutamakan ketika menangani anak yang berjadapan dengan hukum.
Analisis Bibliometrik Sistem Pengukuran Kadar Karbon Monoksida (CO) Menggunakan Drone pada Rentang Tahun 2011-2021
Authors: Trisnanti Sefrina Putri , Meta Yantidewi  , Utama Alan Deta
Published: July 2023

Drone pengukur CO adalah pesawat tanpa awak atau Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) yang dapat dikendalikan dari jarak jauh melalui sebuah pancaran gelombang yang dirangkai dengan sensor yang mendeteksi kadar CO di atmosfer Bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengembangan penelitian pada drone pengukur CO yang dilakukan sepanjang tahun 2011-2021 melalui analisis bibliometrik. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan literature review untuk meringkas beberapa artikel. Pencarian artikel dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Harzingâ€™s Publish or Perish, Mendeley, dan VOSviewers pada tanggal 11 Juni 2022. Dari analisis bibliometrik yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat empat klaster utama pada kata kunci â€œDrone OR Carbon Monoxideâ€ diketahui bahwa Chen, H, Liu, L, Song, H, dan Zhang, Y adalah author yang mendominasi penelitian dan banyak dieksplorasi author lainnya. Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa Study, Concentration, Interaction, Source, dan Measurement mendominasi penelitian tentang drone pengukur CO. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian hubungan antara drone dan CO yang masih kurang. Maka, diharapkan penilitian terkait drone pengukur CO harus lebih difokuskan lagi sehingga dapat menjadi inovasi baru
Pengaruh Efikasi Diri dan Pemberdayaan Pegawai terhadap Kinerja Pegawai PNS pada UPT Puskesmas Petumbea di Kec. Lembo Raya Kab. Morowali Utara
Authors: I Kadek Agung Tirtayasa  , I Nyoman Swedana  , Ririn Parmita
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh efikasi diri dan pemberdayaan pegawai terhadap kinerja pegawai PNS pada UPT Puskesmas Petumbea di Kecamatan Lembo Raya Kabupaten Morowali Utara baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Terjadinya tingkat kinerja pelayanan pegawai Puskesmas yang kurang baik menjadi suatu fenomena yang cenderung dilatarbelakangi oleh efikasi diri yang rendah dan pemberdayaan pegawai yang belum maksimal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai PNS UPT Puskesmas Petumbea. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 35 pegawai, dengan teknik Probability Sampling metode yang digunakan adalah Sampling Jenuh (Metode Sensus). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan statistik deskriptif dengan menganalisis korelasional antar variabel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif data yang meliputi tabel distribusi frekuensi, kemudian untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan uji analisis linear berganda. Dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Statistical Product and System Solution (SPSS) versi 26. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa efikasi diri dan pemberdayaan pegawai secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai PNS pada UPT Puskesmas Petumbea di Kecamatan Lembo Raya Kabupaten Morowali Utara. Di tunjukan dengan besarnya nilai thitungX1 3,975 dan X2 6,491 lebih besar dari nilai ttabel 1,693 dan Fhitung 65,420 lebih besar dari Ftabel 3,29. Sesuai dengan kaidah keputusan Ha diterima dan Ho di tolak, dengan demikian hipotesis yang penulis lakukan dapat diterima.
Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Menggunakan Media Buku Cerita Bergambar
Authors: Abdul Salam  , Pratiwi  , Syamsidar
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertuajuan, untuk mengetahui perkembangan kemampuan kognitif anak melalui buku cerita bergambar di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Ampana. Pendekatan yang di gunakan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif dengan subjek pendekatan ini di ambil di kelompok B1 yang berjumlah 23 anak dan 10 orang guru yang ada di TK Aisiyah Bustanul Athfal Ampana. Tekni pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil observasi penelitian menunjukan bahwa guru dan orang tua peserta didik sangat berperan penting dalam perkrmbangan kemampuan kognitif menggunakan media buku cerita bergambar di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athafal Ampana. Sebelum guru melaksanakan pembelajaran, guru membuat RPPH dan RPPM, menyiapkan alat dan bahan yang di gunakan, mengatur posisi anak, memberikan arahan kepada anak, mencontohkan cara mempraktekan, memberikan kesempatan kepada anak untuk mempraktekan, memberi support kepada anak, menanyakan respon anak dengan mengevaluasi hasil prakteknyan. Penghambat guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran adalah guru dan peneliti kesulitan dalam mengarahkan anak untuk diam saat pembelajaran sedang berlangsung. Penerapan menggunakan media buku cerita bergambar di TK.
Analisa Lagrange pada Dinamika Stroller Non-Holonomic Berbasis Komputasi Fisika
Authors: Firdaus Rohim Aminullah , Rahmatulloh Mohammad Arif , Dzulkiflih  , Khoiro Muhimmatul
Published: July 2023

Dalam membantu memecahkan persamaan dinamika kompleks baik secara translasi maupun rotasi, fisika   komputasi dapat digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perbedaan dinamika sistem stroller dengan kendala non-holonomik di berbagai ruang konfigurasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perhitungan matematis persamaan lagrange pada sistem mekanik stroller (kereta bayi). Metode ini digunakan karena dapat menurunkan persamaan stroller yang bergerak di bola pepat. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah persamaan dinamika dan grafik persamaan stroller dengan atau tanpa gesekan yang bergerak pada bidang lengkung berbentuk bola pepat. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk membuktikan konsep-konsep fisika tentang dinamika stroller dengan   menggunakan komputasi fisika dan juga untuk menentukan sifat kompleks gerak stroller, baik secara translasi maupun rotasi.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Keperawatan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap di Puskesmas Tinombo
Authors: Muhammad Anzar  , Nur Afni  , Mohamad Afaldi
Published: July 2023

Wujud dari kepuasan pasien yang menjadi perhatian yakni mutu pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan terhadap pasien.  Untuk memberikan sebuah layanan yang baik, maka semua elemen pendukung di puskesmas harus berupaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan jika puskesmas tidak ingin ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat karena pada hakekatanya kepuasaan terkait dengan peningkatan pelayanan, makin sempurna pelayanan yang diberikan kepada pasien maka makin tinggi pula tingkat kepuasaan pasien.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan keperawatan terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Puskesmas Tinombo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif- kuantitatif dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian survey. Lokasi Penelitian dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Tinombo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien rawat inap pada Bulan Januari sampai dengan Juli Tahun 2022 di Puskesmas Tinombo. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 42 responden.  Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat. hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kehandalan (reliability), bukti fisik (tangible), ketanggapan (Responsiveness), jaminan (assurance), dan empati (empaty)  mempunyai pengaruh sangat kuat terhadap kualitas kepuasan pasien di Puskesmas Tinombo.
Research on the Same Path of Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture and Art Design Courses from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence
Authors: Li Xianzhi
Published: July 2023

Under the background of the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the important content of “four self-confidence” for the thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics; cultural self-confidence has a more basic, deeper and more lasting power. The connotation of the construction of the new liberal arts is the development direction of disciplines that are upright and innovative, interdisciplinary and meet the needs of the times. As a new liberal arts perspective, design has become an important driving force to promote the development of culture. Design is not only the inheritor of culture, but also the successor of pioneering and innovation. Throughout the excellent design works at home and abroad, all of them are rooted in culture, and will be the integration of excellent traditional culture into the design classroom can not only enrich the design teaching, but also enable students to actively explore the spirit of traditional culture in the process of creating design works, and endow traditional culture with new vitality.
Cotton Seed Size – What is the “Fuzz” all About?
Authors: Maeda Andrea B. , Dever Jane K. , Maeda Murilo M. , Kelly Carol M.
Published: July 2023

Breeding efforts to improve lint yields in cotton may have shifted photosynthate partitioning to fibers during seed development resulting in a reduction in seed size in modern cotton cultivars. While the textile industry is the main consumer of cotton, changes in seed quality including size and composition could negatively impact other sectors of the agriculture industry that utilize cotton raw materials other than fiber. There is evidence of smaller cotton seeds impacting germination and seedling vigor as well as a reduction in oil content as seed size decreases. Moreover, downstream sectors of the cotton industry such as gins, crushers, and feedlots have been trying to draw attention to the consequences of having extremely small seeds to their operations, such as reduced ginning efficiency, seedcoat fragments, challenges in the delinting and decortication process, changes in meal nutrition, etc. This review focuses on the impacts of pursuing ever-increasing lint percent in modern cotton cultivars at the expense of seed size and attempts to highlight some of the less-known concerns of downstream cotton industry sectors.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FISH ON FISH SAUSAGES WITH THE ADDITION OF TRANSGLUTAMINASE
Authors: IZMAIL PRIANINDIO M. , RIYADI PUTUT HAR , FAHMI A. SUHAELI
Published: July 2023

Fish sausage is a product made from minced fish meat which contains myofibril protein. The number of processes for making fish sausages can affect the protein content due to the presence of proteolytic enzymes in fish. Additional materials are needed that can improve the texture of myofibril protein-based products, namely microbial transglutaminase (MTGase). The materials used in this study were tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), mullet (Mugil dussumieri), and threadfin bream (Nemipterus pneumatophores) with the addition of MTGase (0.9%). This study aims to determine the characteristics of fish sausages from different types of fish with the addition of MTGase and the quality of fish sausages with the best gel strength. Fish sausage tests were carried out including gel strength, water holding capacity, color image processing, microstructure, SDS-PAGE, and sensory, with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Tukey's test. The results showed that fish sausage with different types of fish had a significant effect on gel strength and WHC. Threadfin bream fish sausage produced the best characteristics with a gel strength value of 1829.06 g.cm, water holding capacity of 79.33%, and sensory value of 7.79 < μ < 8.21. Microstructural observations on threadfin bream fish sausage showed the best quality seen from the three-dimensional network that contained uniform pores and small size. The SDS-PAGE test showed that the main proteins in fish sausage were actin and myosin heavy chains with molecular weights of 50 kDa and 250 kDa.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION, PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS AND FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF PEELS AND PULP OF AFRICAN BUSH MANGO (Irvingia gabonensis) FRUIT
Authors: ADESEKO CATHERINE JOKE , SALAWU SULE OLA , SANNI DAVID MORAKINYO , KADE IGE JOSEPH
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on the evaluation of nutritional and anti-nutritional potentials, antioxidant, and phenolic constituents of edible portions (peel and pulp) of African bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) fruit. The nutritional status of I. gabonensis fruit peel and pulp were evaluated by determining the proximate indices, vitamin (A and C), mineral compositions and antioxidant analyses. All these were quantified using standard methods. The results of the proximate analysis showed moisture content (79.4 - 81.33 g/100g), mineral ash (0.59 - 0.87 g/100g), crude fibre (9.32 - 10.27 g/100g), crude protein (1.22 - 1.57 g/100g), crude fat (1.69 - 2.23 g/100g) and carbohydrate (5.78 - 5.98 g/100g) per fresh weights respectively. Among all minerals, potassium was found to have highest values with 31.3 ± 0.62 mg/100g and 29.5 ± 0.78 mg/100g for the peel and pulp respectively. The pulp and peel of I. gabonesis showed almost similar pattern of scavenging activities while the pulp showed higher total antioxidant capacity than peel. Tannin and oxalate contents are lower in the pulp than peel, while the phytate and the alkaloid contents are higher in the pulp extract than peel. HPLC analysis confirmed the predominant compounds which include,  ellagic acid (121 mg/100g); protocatechuic acid (65 mg/100g);  gallic acid (46.2 mg/100g); chlorogenic acid (37.9 mg/100g); caffeic acid (9.33 mg/100g); and kaempferol (3.05 mg/100 g) for the peel extract while pulp gave ellagic acid (0.071 mg/100g); protocatechuic acid (1.65 mg/100g);  gallic acid (3.73 mg/100g);  chlorogenic acid (3.56 mg/100g); caffeic acid (0.85 mg/100g); and kaempferol (0.08 mg/100g).. The underutilized tropical fruit of I. gabonensis has considerable antioxidant activity and may possess phytochemicals that could impact human health.
FOSTERING NIGERIA SECURITY: THEATRE FOR DEVELOPMENT (TFD) AS TOOL
Authors: SAMUEL INYANDA , EMMANUEL ATULE EGWU
Published: July 2023

Nigeria as a sovereign state is currently passing through security challenges such that no one is sure which part of the nation is safe. Issues of unwarranted killings, insurgency, raping, domestic violence, kidnapping, armed banditry, broad day light robbery, cultism, human trafficking drug addiction, thuggery and so on which make our environment unsafe are common sights in Nigeria today. These crimes are at an alarming rate to the extent that they pose sleepless nights to most communities, government and other relevant authorities in Nigeria. While the government is making concerted efforts in tackling the menace of militant and terrorist groups like the dreaded Boko Haram jihadist, Indigenous people of Biafra (IPOB), movement for the emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) among others, the incessant herders versus farmers clashes, coupled with inter ethnic conflicts, are threatening the fragile peace of the nation. It is against this backdrop that this paper explores Theatre for Development (TfD) as an avenue for fostering security in the Nigeria state. Theatre for development (TfD) is a genre of theatrical exegesis that stresses development communication for the purpose of enlightenment through participation and critical consciousness for transformation. Theatre for Development (TfD) employs advocacy, dialogue and folk media in preparation, action plan as well as mobilization for transformational education. These are done using research, analysis and dramatization. This paper shall interrogate the causes of security challenges such as unemployment, poverty, crime, drug abuse, to mention just a few. It will also examine the effects and how they can be addressed with the aid of Theatre for Development (TfD). The paper recommends among others that communication and dialogue remain the best forms of instrument for conflict resolution in a nation bedeviled with security challenges.
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SOME SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KUMO, AKKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT, GOMBE STATE, NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA
Authors: LAMOGO Y. , BABAYO M. , ABBA E. , JEMIMAH A.
Published: July 2023

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis in the study population. The study was conducted in five selected primary schools in Kumo, Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria between September and November 2019.  A total of 250 specimens were collected and investigated for the presence of Schistosoma species using a standard medical atlas for the identification of the parasites. The specimens         were analyzed microscopically. Out of the 250 samples examined, 26 (10.4%) were positive for S. mansoni. The prevalence was high in males accounting for 19 (73.1%) than in females 7 (26.9%). The prevalence was also high among the age group 10 – 12years 16 (61.5%) but there was no infection in the age group 1 – 6 0(0%). There is a significant difference between the primary schools, gender and ages of the pupils. However, there was no difference in their source of water. High infection was observed in those who use river and well water 10 (38.5%) and was low in those that use borehole water. These findings indicate the need for public awareness on the disease, routine chemotheraphy and implementation of vector control strategies, so as to avoid accelerated morbidity and inprove the health of people in the study area.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TUNISIAN CAROB PODS (Ceratonia siliqua L.) AND PROCESSED JUICE
Authors: TOUNSI LEILA , KECHAOU NABIL
Published: July 2023

This study presented the main nutritional composition of Tunisian carob pods, some properties of carob juice obtained by hot water extraction (50°C for 190 min) and the effects of thermal pasteurization (70°C for 15 min). The carob pods showed high amounts of sugar (~65 g/100 g dry matter), an appreciable content of protein (~10 g /100 g dry matter), significant content of ash (3.35 g/100 g dry matter) and low levels of lipids (0.28 g/100 g dry matter). The corresponding juice was characterized in terms of physical characteristics, nutritional composition, microbiological characteristics and sensory properties. Results showed high viscosity, high content of soluble sugars and absence of pathogenic. The sensory test presented high overall acceptability of carob juice by elders (80%) compared with a reference juice (fruit cocktail juice). Raw carob juice was thermally pasteurized at 70°C for 15 min. The effects of pasteurization on color and clarity, microflora and vitamin C content were investigated. An important reduction in microflora number was observed, especially the total flora from 1900 to 270 CFU/ml. Significant increases were also observed in color values from 2.87 to 3.01 and clarity values from 0.87 to 1.04. A significant decrease was detected in vitamin C content in pasteurized juice compared to raw juice.
ASSOCIATION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE BASED RISK FACTORS WITH DEVELOPMENT OF VENOM-SPECIFIC IgG1 AND IgG4 CLASS OF ANTIBODIES IN INDIAN BEEKEEPERS
Authors: KUMAR P. , LAL R. , SINGH A. B.
Published: July 2023

Repeated sting reactions in beekeepers have been reported to elicit immune response leadings to natural desensitization and development of tolerance. Development of tolerance has been attributed to antibody class switching in favor of blocking antibodies viz. IgG1, IgG4. This process seems to be similar to the immunotherapy. Genetic and environmental factors are known to play important role in development of immune response. There is a lack of information on the effect of risk factors like duration spent in the bee keeping, frequency of stings on immune profile. The present study was undertaken to analyze the effect of duration spent in the bee keeping, frequency of stings on venom specific IgG1, IgG4, IgG levels.

Present study was conducted in apiaries across Kurukshetra Districts of Haryana State of India. A questionnaire was administered to 53 bee keepers and 16 controls. BKs were classified in different grouped based on duration spent in the bee keeping, sting frequency and intensity of skin reaction after the sting. Bee venom specific IgG1, IgG4, IgG levels were estimated by ELISA.

A significant association between venom specific IgG4 antibodies and duration spent in the bee keeping, sting frequency was observed (p < 0.05). In contrast, Bee keepers showing large local reaction showed significantly reduced levels of venom specific IgG4 antibodies as compared to tolerant bee keepers. However, a negative association was observed between the duration spent in the bee keeping and venom specific IgG1 levels.

Current study reveals that duration spent in the bee keeping, sting frequency has significant effect on the immune profile. Further, the bee keepers showing increased tolerance toward the sting reaction had higher levels of IgG4 antibodies as compared to control subjects.
SCREENING OF DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIA FOR GROWTH DEVELOPMENT, AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Aspergillus niger
Authors: EJIMOFOR C.F.
Published: July 2023

This research on the screening of different culture media for growth development, and morphological characteristics of Aspergillus niger was carried out between February and July 2021, to determine the best agar media for the growth of Aspergillus niger. Five different agar mediums are used to carry out the research. The agar mediums includes Potato Dextrose Agar mediums (PDA), Czapek's Yeast Extract Agar mediums (CYEA), Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar medium (SDA), Malt Extract Agar medium (MEA) and Potato carrot agar medium (PCA). A spoiled food samples was filled in a beaker with a normal saline and was allowed to dissolve for 15mins. The sample was checked very well every 4 hours and also filtered into a sterile tube. After that 1ml of the sample was collected using a sterile string and innoculate it in each of the already prepared agar mediums in a petri dishes and incubate it at 37oC for 48hours and count the observed fungal growth using the colony counter. PDA yielded a total growth count of 19.55x104 after 48hours of incubation at 37oC. CYEA yielded a total growth count of 10.0x104 after 48hours of incubation at 37oC. SDA yielded a total growth count of 5.00x104 after 48hours of incubation at 37oC. MEA yielded a total growth count of 1.20x104 after 48hours of incubation at 37oC and PCA yielded a total growth count of 7.5x104 after 48hours of incubation at 37oC. The study shows that Aspergillus niger grows mostly and was able to multiply rapidly on Potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) because these media contains the most nutritive components needed by the A. niger to carry out its metabolism and reproduce by its spore formation. And according to the morphological characteristics of Aspergillus niger they all have a black coloration when viewed under the light microscope.
MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) AND Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) TO ABATTOIR EFFLUENT
Authors: IDRIS S. O. , OLOGUNDUDU F. A. , AKASORO A. , ADIELE C. G.
Published: July 2023

Morphological Responses of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pepper (Capsicum annum) to Abattoir Waste Treatment were investigated. This is aimed at determining the effect of abattoir effluents on some growth parameters and heavy metal contents of the selected vegetables. Effluents were collected early and transferred to black polythene bags to prevent algal growth. A screen house experiment was set up to house the pots. Soil samples were collected and transferred to the pots while representative samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis. Seeds of Solanum lycopersium and Capsicum annum were sown into perforated plastic pots (30 cm diameter and 33 cm depth) filled with 10 kg of topsoil. The seedlings were allowed to establish for 21 days before the commencement of effluent treatment. The following morphological growth parameters were determined; Plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf weight ratio. There was an increase in the number of leaves, plant height and stem diameter in both tomato and pepper varieties studied. This project concluded that abattoir effluent increases some growth parameters in Solanum lycopersicum with contrasting decrease in the plant height of Capsicum annum, under high concentrations which possibly suggest an adaptive mechanism developed by plant under stress. The mechanism of detoxification of plants growing in polluted areas should be explored.
AGROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC AND POTENTIAL OF BULGARIAN PEA VARIETIES
Authors: SABEVA MARIYA , ANGELOVA SIYKA
Published: July 2023

An agrobiological characteristic and capacity for green mass and seed production from Bulgarian pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties and a breeding line both created at the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPRG) – Sadovo has been carried out for fifteen years. The choice of varieties is based on their qualities such as early productivity and winter resistance. The pea yield, green mass, the yield of crude protein (kg/ ha-1) and content crude protein (%) have been studied for the same period. Among the winter pea varieties, the Vessela variety (352.3 kg) showed the highest yield during the entire fifteen-year experiment. As for the spring varieties - Tedi (410.6 kg) had the highest yield. The highest yield of green mass was reported for the breeding line L 12 AB, which was also highly productive for seeds. For the winter varieties, yield is strongly influenced by the relevant year weather conditions and variety. Taking into account the spring varieties, the year impact was more substantial, than the variety impact. More highly productive are the earlier varieties, as the newly bred varieties of afila type, stood out against the spring varieties. The yield by years for the spring forms showed more significant fluctuation depending on agrometeorological conditions than the winter varieties.
EFFECTS OF THE 2, 4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4-D) HERBICIDE CONTAMINATION ON SOIL MICROBIOLOGY AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL
Authors: ADEJORO S. A.
Published: July 2023

Owing to the knowledge that 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2, 4-D) is rapidly degraded by soil microorganisms, little or no research attention has been given to enhancement of its degradation as a form of environmental remediation. A completely randomized design laboratory incubation experiment was carried out to examine the potentials of organic and mineral fertilizers to stimulate microbial activities in soils under the influence of the 2, 4-D herbicide. Soil contaminated with the field rate of 2, 4-D was separately amended with compost and NPK mineral fertilizer, and the treated samples were incubated for 56 days at room temperature. Soil microbiological parameters were measured in dynamics and eco-physiological quotients were computed at the end of the incubation period to determine responses of soil microbes at the community level of the treatments. Application of 2, 4-D either alone or in combination with fertilizer, regardless of type, raised soil respiration and soil microbial biomass. Addition of NPK to the 2, 4-D contaminated soil increased the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) while this parameter was reduced when compost was added. Addition of compost improved all the eco-physiological quotients compared to the sole application of 2, 4-D herbicide. It was therefore concluded that the 2, 4-D herbicide at the field recommended rate has the potential to negatively influence the soil microbial community, application of organic fertilizer may help the soil to regain its microbial competence through enhanced degradation engendered by bio-stimulation of native microorganisms.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FACTORS THAT LED TO THE DETERIORATION AND DECLINE OF CITRUS TREES IN AL-ZAHRA AREA, LIBYA
Authors: ALMANSOURI ELSEDEG HAGI M , AYDIN MIRAC , SWEENEY ABDASSALAM MOHAMED
Published: July 2023

This research looked at the markers and causes of citrus tree degeneration and decline in the Al-Zahra region. Using a model and sending a questionnaire to 60 farmers, the hypothesis of deterioration and decrease in citrus trees and the causes that contributed to the deterioration and decrease was produced via the research issue. During the examination of the unique questionnaire, where the percentage was in a row, the portion connected to water quality, type of irrigation, soil, and their purposes. The majority of sample members said that the water quality is invalid, and they employed the sprinkler irrigation method 90% of the time.

In terms of agricultural operations, where the questionnaire included several factors as an indicator of deterioration and decrease, it was recorded that organic fertilization was not used; the percentage reached 86.3 percent, followed by chemical fertilization at 70%, tillage at 70%, and the presence of light pruning at a high rate of 70%. As for the outcomes of urban development, taking into account that it is one common component, and summarizing the scenario, that involves the building of roads and amenities! There is an influence of export and displacement due to industrial, closeness and distance from the public road, factories, location, and occupational status. When the arithmetic mean of all the parameters was calculated, it became evident that 72 percent had an influence on the decline of citrus trees, whereas 28 percent do not.
ATTAINABILITY OF APPROPRIATE TRANSITION FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (ECD) TO PRIMARY SCHOOL: LESSONS FROM KAMWENDO ZONE SCHOOLS IN MCHINJI DISTRICT
Authors: BWEZANI AGATHA , CHIMPHERO LAMECH , NAMONDWE ZIOLIRE , NYIRENDA LLOYD
Published: July 2023

Primary schooling is perceived to be the most important transition in a child's life, particularly in class one. However, studies have shown poor implementation in Kamwendo Zone. This study assessed factors influencing this problem in this area. The specific focus was on identifying roles played by parents and teachers in children’s transition process and measuring the availability of resources used in ECD centres and primary schools. A mixed-method approach and a survey method were used. 36 parents and caregivers, 5 primary school teachers and 5 head teachers were sampled. The purposive sampling technique was employed. A structured questionnaire was used for parents and caregivers while a semi-structured one was used for teachers. Results show that 77% of both parents and teachers are involved in children’s affairs at both ECD and primary levels. Several activities are done at the ECD level than at the primary one. Inadequate handovers from caregivers to class one teachers were poorly done. Hence both caregivers and primary teachers should hand over properly. Class one teachers to undergo refreshers courses, playing materials be available in primary schools.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING IMPACT OF COVID -19 ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AMONG GENERAL PUBLIC AT SELECTED AREAS, PUDUCHERRY
Authors: KARPAGAVALLI R. , NIVETHITHA K. , CHITRA A. FELICIA
Published: July 2023

Background:  COVID-19 has turned the world upside down. Everything has been impacted. coronavirus (also known as Covid-19) reported to have started in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread all over the world.

Aim: This study was aimed to identify the level of knowledge regarding impact of covid 19 on public transportation among general public.

Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among general public Puducherry. Sample size was 50, selected through convenience sampling. The approach used was quantitative approach and design was descriptive survey design. Data was collected by using self-structured questionnaire related to socio demographic variables and associated knowledge questions was assessed by Likert scale.

Results: The study sample comprised of 50 general public in selected areas at Puducherry. The researcher Selected 4 areas such as Gorimedu, Lawspet, Mudaliarpet, Murungapakkam in Puducherry. The study was conducted on 50 general public based on Convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by using self-structured questionnaire prepared by researcher. Majority of them 31(62%) had adequate knowledge, 17(34%) had moderate knowledge and 2(4%) had inadequate knowledge regarding impact of COVID-19 on public transportation among general public.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that there was an adequate knowledge regarding impact of Covid-19 on public transportation in general public. Majority of the general public had adequate knowledge.
A CROSS SECTIONAL ONLINE SURVEY ON SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING COVID-19 VACCINATION
Authors: ELAKKIYA P. , KURUSHEV JAYESTRI
Published: July 2023

Background: COVID-19 vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the individuals to protect from COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines have been unfurled in several parts of the world. Although the protective efficacy was frequently discussed and analysed, little is known about post-vaccination experience outside of clinical trial conditions. The aim of the study was symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination in selected area, Puducherry, with the objectives of to assess the immediate response to the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine and to study the spectrum of post-vaccination symptom profile for individual vaccines.

Methodology: Quantitative approach and non-experimental cross-sectional design was used. The study was conducted in selected areas in Puducherry. 30 subjects were recruited by using convenience                           sampling technique.  Demographic variable questionnaire and self-developed binary tools was                               used.

Results: The study results revealed that the Overall, all 30(100%) of respondents reported at least one post-vaccination symptom. 9(30%) had the symptoms of body ache, 7(23.3%) had fever, 6(20%) had local pain at injection site, 5(16.7%) had tiredness and 3(10%). Among male 10(33.3%) had paracetamol intake, 3(10%) had symptoms following vaccine, 4(13.3%) had symptoms within duration of hours and only 1(3.3%) had symptoms after onset in hours. Among female 10(33.3%) had taken paracetamol, 9(30%) had symptoms following vaccine, 7(23.4%) had symptoms within duration of hours and only 4(13.4%) had symptoms after onset in hours.

Conclusion: Body ache and fever was most commonly reported. These symptoms were consistent with an immune response commonly associated with vaccines.  In 90% cases, the symptoms were either milder than expected or meeting the expectation of the vaccine recipient. No serious events were reported. Symptoms were more common among younger individuals.
EVALUATING THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SOME PLANT SPECIES OF SEMI-ARID REGIONS
Authors: HUSSAIN MUBASHIR , AZIZ AHSAN , JAVAID MUHAMMAD MANSOOR , ASHRAF MUHAMMAD , WASAYA ALLAH , MAJEED MUHAMMAD ZEESHAN , AKHTAR NAEEM , ASIF MUHAMMAD , ADNAN MUHAMMAD , BHATTI ALI
Published: July 2023

The most effective method for weed control is the use of herbicides. However, the scope of this method is narrowing down due to herbicide-resistant weeds and the non-availability of new chemistry herbicides. Hence, to explore natural weed management options, the herbicidal potential of three weed species extracts namely Opuntia ficus-indica, Murraya koenigii and Dryopteris felix-mas were evaluated in lab and wirehouse experiments. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangements was used for lab and completely randomized design was used for wirehouse experiments. Each experiment was repeated twice with four replications each time. Data pertaining to seed germination, seedling growth and physiological traits of crops and weeds were recorded using standard procedures. Data indicated that aqueous extracts of tested species depicted more phytotoxicity than N-hexane extracts against germination and seedling growth of lettuce in the lab experiment. Aqueous extract of Opuntia ficus-indica completely inhibited lettuce seed germination whereas, N-hexane extract of the same species has least effect on germination and germination traits like mean germination time, time taken to 50% germination, germination index. The aqueous extract of O. ficus-indica resulted in minimum lentil, mashbean, mungbean, parthenium and Trianthema portuclacastrum seedling leaf area, chlorophyll content, shoot, root length, dry weight and maximum electrolyte leakage. The foliar application of O. ficus-indica, M. koenigii and D. felix-mas water extracts on seedlings of lentil, mashbean, mungbean, parthenium and T. portuclacastrum followed the phyto-toxicity order O. ficus-indica aqueous extract ˃ D. felix-mas aqueous extract ˃ M. koenigii aqueous extract. The growth-inhibitory demonstrations of O. ficus-indica extract suggest that active substances with herbicidal properties are present in this plant which could be exploited as natural weedicide.
BIODIVERSITY OF Caelifera (ORTHOPTERA) IN CHOLISTAN DESERT, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: PRINCE MUNIR AHMAD , SULTANA RIFFAT , KUMAR SANTOSH
Published: July 2023

The purpose of present study was to investigate the biodiversity of Caelifera from Cholistan desert of Punjab, Pakistan. The present research work was carried out from June 2019 to December 2019. During the present study, 1683 samples were collected from Cholistan desert track (Derawar Fort, Head Fareed, Islam garh Fort and Manthar Bangla) Punjab, Pakistan. Among the collected samples, 1586 were females and 97 were males. The number of samples collected from Derawar Fort, Islam Garh Fort, Head Fareed and Manthar Bangla were 469,377,459,378 respectively. Th relative %gae abundance of samples from selected areas were 27.84%(Derawar Fort), 22.40% (Islam Garh Fort), 27.27% (Head Fareed) and 23.83% (Manthar Bangla). Among collected samples, 7 species were identified on the basis of their morphological relationship with Caelifera species, these include Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781), Sphingonotus savignyi Saussure, 1884, Peokilocerus pictus (Fabricius, 1775), Heteracrislittoralis(Rambur, 1838), Acrida exaltata (Walker, 1859),Oxya hyla hyla and Diabolocatantops innotabilis (Walker, 1870). The relative male and female individual abundance among species was 95.95% female, 4.04% male in Peokilocerus pictus,95.89% female and 4.1 male in Oxya hyla hyla, 93.9% female and 6.09 male in Sphingonotus savignyi, 93.75% female and 6.25% male in Heteracris littoralis, 95.05% female and 4.94 male in Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus, 92.88% female and 7.11% male in Diabolocatantops innotabilis, 91.47% female and 8.5 % male in Acrida exaltata. The specimens was collected from sandy and sub-sandy tracks of Cholistan Desert, different crops nearby desert areas, herbs and bushes along the desert and field line.
STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY OF ORTHOPTERA FROM PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: NAWAB MUHAMMAD , SULTANA RIFFAT , KUMAR SANTOSH
Published: July 2023

The present study was carried out from January 2018 to December 2020 to investigate the biodiversity, richness and evenness of Orthoptera from Punjab, Pakistan. The Punjab province has agriculture, sandy and rocky areas. The total 22 species of Orthoptera were recorded, 10 species belonged to suborder Ensifera and 12 species belonged to suborder Caelifera. Among them, 11 species belonged to family Acrididae, 10 to family Tettigoniidae and 1 to family Pyrgomorphidae. The highest species abundance and species richness recorded for family Acrididae and the lowest recorded for family Pyrgomorphidae. The more biodiversity was recorded from agricultural areas as compared to rocky and sandy areas. The biodiversity indices of agricultural areas were 0.7665, 2.2196 and sandy areas were 0.4707, 0.7650, while rocky areas were 0.3973, 0.6960, respectively. The species richness trend was 5.6724 for agricultural, 2.4013 for sandy and 1.8952 for rocky areas, respectively. The species evenness recorded were 0.5709, 0.4163, 0.6734 in agriculture, sandy and rocky areas, respectively.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE SPECIES OF PRAYING MANTIDS (DICTYOPTERA; MANTODEA) FROM SINDH, PAKISTAN
Authors: FATIMAH SADAF , SULTANA RIFFAT , KHATTARI IMRAN , CHANDIO ANEELA , LAL MOHAN
Published: July 2023

In the present experiment, sequencing of three species of mantodea belonging to the family Mantidae is conducted in iBOL (International Barcode of Life) University of Guelph, Canada. In this study cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene data set is represented on various of Mantodea viz Mantis religiosa Linne, Archimantis latistyla Serville, Sphodromantis lineola Burmeister, Sphodromantis viridis Forskal, Blepharosis mendica Fabricius, Hierodula patellifera Serville, Rivetina baetica Rambur, Empusa unicornis Saussure and Statilia maculate Thunberg, shipped to iBOL Canada, for molecular data analyses, but only three species blasted results were got. Earlier many species and their sibling species were misidentified on morphological examination. However, in the present study molecular characteristics (DNA-based) species assignments has made it possible to overcome these doubts.
IMPACT OF VARIETIES AND NUTRIENT LEVELS ON YIELD AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)
Authors: MISHRA POOJA , SHARMA R. K. , BHADAURIA ROHATASH SINGH , GUPTA SOURAV , SHUKLA Y. K.
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Field, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh during the rabi season of 2016-17 under the edaphic and climatic conditions of Mandsaur. The experiment included two varieties (V1-Golden Acre & V2-Pusa Drumhead) and 6 nutrient levels (N1-75:50:60 kg NPK/ha, V2-75:75:60 kg NPK/ha, V3-100:50:60 kg NPK/ha, V4-100:75:60 kg NPK/ha, V5-125: 50:60 kg NPK/ha & V6-125:75:60 kg NPK/ha). It was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Growth parameters, yield attributes & yield, quality parameters and economics were observed significant in cabbage variety Pusa Drumhead (V2) when compared to Golden Acre (V1). These parameters were also found to be significant in nutrient level N6 (NPK-125:75:60 kg/ha) followed by N5, N4, N3 and N2 and least in N1 (NPK-75:50:60 kg/ha). High net income (Rs.272565.93/ha) and B:C ratio (5.18) was realized in case of treatment combination V2N6, while lowest values (Rs.83700.10/ha and 1.65) was found under V1N1.
AMELIORATIONS OF MEDICINAL FRUIT EXTRACTS ON KIDNEY AGAINST FLUORIDE EXPOSURE IN MICE
Authors: AMIR-UD-DIN UMARA , AHMAD KHAWAJA RAEES , KANWAL MUHAMMAD ALI , INAYAT IRAM , AHMAD SYEDA NADIA , ALI RABIYAH , SULEMAN SADIA , SIAL BUSHRA , YOUNIS ASMA , ABDULLAH USMA , SIDDIQUE SAIRA , KANWAL NAILA , BILAL MUHAMMAD ASIM
Published: July 2023

This research work is the continuation of our previously published data on hepato-histopathological findings of fluoride exposure and the ameliorations by various plant fruit extracts. In the present research paper, we present histopathology patterns and the ameliorations in the kidney- the second vital body organ. Kidneys are amongst the most sensitive body organs. The study included the renal histopathological manifestations associated with exposure to 50ppm fluoride (F) (ad labitum) and the remedial potentials of vitamin E and fruit extracts of vitamin E, olive, strawberry, and pomegranate. 6 groups were made for the study, including 10 male albino mice (Mus musculus). Groups were symbolized as C (Control- no treatment), F (NaF), FE (NaF+VitaminE), FO (NaF+Olive), FP (NaF+Pomegranate) and FS (NaF+ Strawberry). All except the C group were exposed to 50 ppm F- ions (in drinking water) for 10 days, followed by the F free water for 5 days as a refractory period. During this period, 0.2mL of fruit extracts were given every 12hours to the animals NaF groups FE, FO, FP, and FS respectively via gavage. NaF group were recovered on the 16th day without any fruit extract, just with normal feed and drinking water. The kidneys of animals of all groups were dissected on the 16th day for histopathological evaluation. Results indicate modifications in renal histopathology due to fluoride exposure like the increased size of the glomerulus, lesions in the tubules, and the significant micrometric changes including increased CSA of proximal tubular area, enhanced tubular area, and tubular caliber. Ameliorative and nephro-rehabilitative effects against all such changes were observed in FE, FO, FP, and FS groups. The findings showed olive fruit pulp extract to be the most effective solution out of four medicinal fruit pulp extracts for rehabilitating the toxic manifestations of chronic exposure to the low dose of fluoride.
DNA BARCODING OF THE EGYPTIAN MEDICINAL PLANT Astragalus spinosus
Authors: EL-DEMERDASH EL-SHAIMAA SAAD
Published: July 2023

Medicinal plants have served as the basis of alternative medicine and have become the primary source for developing new medications. Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. belongs to family Fabaceae and due to its active constituent’s composition, it is used traditionally to treat various ailments. Additionally, various Astragalus-based dietary supplements were sold for supporting immunity and cardiovascular system. Therefore, authentication of the medicinal plant material is important and vital to provide an extensive database with DNA data for easy identification, adulteration detection and conservation of genetic resources. In the current study, three partial chloroplast coding genes were examined in A.spinosus; ribulose 1,5biphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL), RNA polymerase (rpoC1) and maturase K (matK). When compared to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, the results showed that rbcL was successful in identifying and discriminating A.spinosus at the genus and species levels. The, rpoC1 and matK genes revealed a high level of identity with Astragalus species, indicating that they are capable of identifying A.spinosus at the genus level. Phylogenetic trees were established based on the expected amino acids sequence of each coding gene, demonstrating the extent of relatedness with recorded plant species in the NCBI database.