bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolescent-Centered Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication
Authors: Allison Bianca A. , Wilkinson Tracey A. , Maslowsky Julie
Published: December 2024

This JAMA Insights explores how clinicians can effectively communicate person-centered health care information to adolescents regarding sexual and reproductive health, contraception, and sexually transmitted infection testing and treatment.
Chest Pain in a Middle-Aged Man
Authors: Chang Qinghua , Xu Zhaolong , Liu Renguang
Published: December 2024

A man in his mid-50s presented with chest pain lasting 30 minutes. The initial electrocardiogram showed type A preexcitation syndrome, with obvious ST-segment depression in leads V3 through V5 and positive delta wave. What would you do next?
Adult Learning: A Multifaceted Endeavor
Authors: Baumgartner Lisa M. , Carr‐Chellman Davin
Published: December 2024

This article provides an overview of adult learning theory, focusing on the theories covered in this issue of New Directions in Adult and Continuing Education. In offering a brief synopsis of each article and reflecting on the ways adult learning theories have evolved since the first update was published in 1993, this article explains several themes that characterize that evolution: (1) the continued importance of foundational learning theories, (2) the diversity of learners and learning, and (3) the presence of technology in today's world. A combination of these themes is present in every article, which characterizes the current state of the field of adult learning theory.
Distributed System Identification for Linear Stochastic Systems Under an Adaptive Event‐Triggered Scheme
Authors: Geng Xiaoxue , Zhao Wenxiao
Published: December 2024

This article considers a distributed identification problem for linear stochastic systems whose input and output observations are scheduled by an adaptive event‐triggered scheme. An event detector with time‐varying thresholds is designed to control the transmission of measurements from the sensors to the estimators, which leads to that only a subset of input and output data is available for identification. The estimators exchange information over a network and cooperatively identify the unknown parameters. A distributed recursive identification algorithm under the event‐triggered scheme is proposed based on the distributed stochastic approximation algorithm with expanding truncations (DSAAWET). Under mild assumptions, the strong consistency of the algorithm is proved, that is, the estimates generated from each estimator achieve consensus and converge to the true parameters with probability one. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical results of the algorithm.
Near‐Infrared Reflectance, Thermal Shielding, and Corrosion Resistance of Neodymium‐Modified Zinc Aluminate Spinel‐Based Zinc Phosphate Coatings
Authors: Aswathy Subodhana Praballian , Kumar Asha S. , Saji Viswanathan S. , Shibli Sheik Muhammadhu Aboobakar
Published: December 2024

Given the increasing demand for energy‐efficient and durable coatings, particularly in outdoor environments, this study investigates the development of lavender‐shaded neodymium (Nd)‐modified zinc aluminate pigment for thermal energy‐saving applications. The results evidence the potential of incorporating this Nd‐modified ZnAl2O4 pigment in zinc phosphate (ZP) coating to tune the morphology, microstructure, near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance, thermal shielding, and corrosion resistance capability. The study provides a detailed elucidation of the mechanism of pigment particles’ incorporation into ZP coating, revealing enhanced nucleation and crystal size refinement, leading to denser coating with improved NIR reflectance and corrosion resistance, with aesthetic requirements potentially suitable for outdoor environments. Quantitative analysis reveals a maximum NIR reflectance of 93%, thermal shielding capacity with a temperature difference of 15.4 °C, and a more than threefold reduction in corrosion current density. The study underscores the potential of these coatings for energy‐saving applications and outdoor use, highlighting their stability and effectiveness in various environmental conditions.
Influence of Discontinuous Precipitation on Microhardness and Wear Resistance in (FeCoNi)86Al7Ti7 High‐Entropy Alloy
Authors: An Xulong , Li Hao , Yang Xinyi , Jiang Jiahao , Liu Zhengdi , Kan Lequn , Zhang Lantian , Gan Bin , Wei Wei , Chu Chenglin , Sun Wenwen
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effects of discontinuous precipitation, a process known to enhance mechanical properties in alloys, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the (FeCoNi)86Al7Ti7 high‐entropy alloy (HEA) are investigated. Varying the aging temperatures leads to the formation of lamellar structures consisting of face‐centered cubic (FCC) and body‐centered cubic phases, which significantly influence the mechanical properties of the alloy. The aging treatments reveal an inverse relationship between temperature and microhardness, with values decreasing from 890 to 700 HV as the temperature rises from 550 to 650 °C. Despite this reduction, the alloy retains a high hardness level, suitable for wear‐resistant applications. The best wear resistance is observed at 550 °C, with a wear rate as low as 8.45 ± 1.6 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1. This is attributed to stacking faults and dislocations within the FCC lamellae, which enhance resistance to dislocation glide. In this study, the critical role of microstructural engineering in optimizing the properties of HEAs is highlighted, providing valuable insights for developing high‐performance materials for specific engineering applications.
Synergy of In Situ Heterogeneous Interphases with Hydrogen Bond Reconstruction Enabling Highly Reversible Zn Anode at −40 °C
Authors: Zhou Anbin , Wang Huirong , Hu Xin , Hu Zhengqiang , Zhao Yi , Zhang Botao , Huang Yongxin , Cui Yanhua , Cui Yixiu , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: December 2024

Aqueous Zn2+ ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems. However, the critical technical bottlenecks, including Zn dendrite, corrosion reactions, and poor low‐temperature performance, significantly impede their commercialization. Here, γ‐valerolactone (γ‐GVL), a bioactive polar biomass‐based green solvent derived from lignocellulose, is introduced into electrolyte as a co‐solvent to improve the electrochemical stability of Zn anode and enhance its low‐temperature cycling performance. The non‐toxic γ‐GVL, serving as a strong hydrogen‐bonding ligand, coordinates with H2O to reconstruct the electrolyte's hydrogen bond network, broadening the electrochemical stability window and enhancing the anti‐frost properties of aqueous electrolytes. Moreover, γ‐GVL facilitates in situ formation of a heterogeneous solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) composed of ZnF2 and ZnS inorganic components. The heterogeneous interphases maintain superior ionic conductivity for Zn2+ transportation and hydrophobicity for H2O repulsion, synergistically enabling highly stable and dendrite‐free Zn deposition. Consequently, Zn||Zn cells exhibit improved cycling performance across a wide temperature range, achieving an extended cycle life of 5060 h at 25 °C and 2300 h at −40 °C. Zn||VO2 full cells show enhanced low‐temperature cyclability, retaining 97.0% capacity after 300 cycles at −20 °C, demonstrating substantial potential for advancing the commercialization of low‐temperature aqueous electrolytes.
Meso‐Scale Nanofibrillar Organization in Spider's Orb‐Web Radial Fibers
Authors: Riekel Christian , Grünewald Tilman A.
Published: December 2024

Spider's orb‐web radial fibers absorb most of the impact energy of flying insects. The blend of extensibility, toughness, and strength of these dragline‐type fibers relies on structural proteins, called spidroins. The fibers hierarchical structural organization is attributed to crystalline β‐sheet nanodomains, assembling with less‐ordered protein chains into nanofibrils. Here, it is shown that radial fibers develop upon bending deformation structured core‐surface and core–core interfaces based on nanofibrillar bundles. The bundles at the core‐surface interface show meso‐scale diameters. Their short length appears to be due to interactions of nanofibrils with surface‐layer proteins. Meso‐scale diameter bundles at the interface of an outer and inner core–shell are, however, of extended length, coexisting with ordered domains of nanofibrillar clusters. Modeling supports an intermediary assembly level of nanofibrils clusters, composed of a central nanofibril surrounded by a shell of six nanofibrils.
TP8, A Novel Chondroinductive Peptide, Significantly Promoted Neo‐Cartilage Repair without Activating Bone Formation
Authors: Zhu Mingjing , Jiang Siqing , Li Xingyang , Zhong Wenchao , Cao Wei , Luo Qianting , Wu Antong , Wu Gang , Zhang Qingbin
Published: December 2024

The repair of large cartilage defects remains highly challenging in the fields of orthopedics and oral and maxillofacial surgery. A chondroinductive agent is promising to activate endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) so as to facilitate cartilage regeneration. In this study, we analyze the crystallographic data of the critical binding domain of transforming growth factor β3 (TGF‐β3) with its type II receptor and successfully develop a novel chondroinductive peptide — TGF‐β3‐derived peptide No. 8 (TP8) that can induce an ectopic cartilage formation without obvious bone formation. TP8 shows a comparable capacity as TGF‐β3 in enhancing glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) secretion in the micromass of bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) and promoting the expression of chondrogenic markers in comparison with the Control group. TP8 induces a significantly higher expression of the SRY‐box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) gene than TGF‐β3. Moreover, TP8 significantly upregulates the phosphorylation of Smad1/5 but not MAPK/JNK or Smad 2/3. The knockdown of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) ‐related protein‐1 (Lrp1), a transmembrane endocytosis receptor, nullifies the TP8‐induced Sox9 expression. In the critical‐size cartilage defects in rabbit medial femoral condyles, TP8 can induce neo‐cartilage formation with a significantly thicker deep zone in comparison with the TGF‐β3 and Control. These findings suggest a promising application potential of TP8 in cartilage tissue engineering.
The Na+,K+,2Cl− Cotransporter, Not Aquaporin 1, Sustains Cerebrospinal Fluid Secretion While Controlling Brain K+ Homeostasis
Authors: Jensen Dennis Bo , Toft‐Bertelsen Trine L. , Barbuskaite Dagne , Stubbe Jane , Nietzsche Sandor , Capion Tenna , Norager Nicolas H. , Olsen Markus H. , Sørensen Andreas T. , Dimke Henrik , Hübner Christian A. , Juhler Marianne , MacAulay Nanna
Published: December 2024

Disturbances in the brain fluid balance can lead to life‐threatening elevation in intracranial pressure (ICP), which represents a vast clinical challenge. Targeted and efficient pharmaceutical therapy of elevated ICP is not currently available, as the molecular mechanisms governing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion are largely unresolved. To resolve the quantitative contribution of key choroid plexus transport proteins, this study employs mice with genetic knockout and/or viral choroid plexus‐specific knockdown of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and the Na+, K+, 2Cl− cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) for in vivo determinations of CSF dynamics, ex vivo choroid plexus for transporter‐mediated clearance of a CSF K+ load, and patient CSF for [K+] quantification. CSF secretion and ICP management occur independently of choroid plexus AQP1 expression, whereas both parameters are reduced by 40% upon choroid plexus NKCC1 knockdown. Elevation of [K+]CSF increases the choroid plexus Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, and favors inwardly‐directed net NKCC1 transport, which, together, promote CSF K+ clearance, while maintaining undisturbed CSF secretion rates. CSF from patients with post‐hemorrhagic hydrocephalus does not display elevated [K+]CSF, suggesting that NKCC1 maintains net outward transport direction during post‐hemorrhagic hydrocephalus formation. Direct or indirect therapeutic modulation of choroid plexus NKCC1 can thus be a potential promising pharmacological approach against brain pathologies associated with elevated ICP.
Tailoring Ion Transport in Li3‐3yHo1+yCl6‐xBrx via Transition‐Metal Free Structural Planes and Charge Carrier Distribution
Authors: Ogbolu Bright O. , Poudel Tej P. , Dikella Thilina N. D. D. , Truong Erica , Chen Yudan , Hou Dewen , Li Tianyi , Liu Yuzi , Gabriel Eric , Xiong Hui , Huang Chen , Hu Yan‐Yan
Published: December 2024

Localized atomistic disorder in halide‐based solid electrolytes (SEs) can be leveraged to boost Li+ mobility. In this study, Li+ transport in structurally modified Li3HoCl6, via Br− introduction and Li+ deficiency, is explored. The optimized Li3‐3yHo1+yCl6‐xBrx achieves an ionic conductivity of 3.8 mS cm−1 at 25 °C, the highest reported for holmium halide materials. 6,7Li nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxometry investigations unveil enhanced ion dynamics with bromination, attaining a Li+ motional rate neighboring 116 MHz. X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal mixed‐anion‐induced phase transitions with disproportionate octahedral expansions and distortions, creating Ho‐free planes with favorable energetics for Li+ migration. Bond valence site energy analysis highlights preferred Li+ transport pathways, particularly in structural planes devoid of Ho3+ blocking effects. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborate enhanced Li+ diffusion with Br− introduction into Li3HoCl6. Li‐Ho electrostatic repulsions in the (001) plane presumably drive Li+ diffusion into the Ho‐free (002) layer, enabling rapid intraplanar Li+ motion and exchange between the 2d and 4h sites. Li3‐3yHo1+yCl6‐xBrx also demonstrates good battery cycling stability. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate correlations between structure and ion transport and will help guide the design of high‐performance fast ion conductors for all‐solid‐state batteries.
Health Monitoring of Invasive Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in Norway in 2023
Authors: Garseth Åse Helen , Furnesvik Lisa , Nielsen Kristoffer Vale , Olsen Anne Berit , Svendsen Julie Christine , Moldal Torfinn
Published: December 2024

Since 2019, the Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI) has conducted health monitoring of pink salmon in Norway. The primary purpose of health monitoring has been to examine the presence of selected notifiable infections in pink salmon, but also to gain general knowledge regarding the health of pink salmon to inform assessments of risks to wild and farmed native salmonids. In 2023, post‐mortem examinations were performed on 184 pink salmon captured in rivers Lakselv, Tana, Neiden, Komagelva, Kongsfjordelva and Karpelv in the County of Finnmark, Norway. Tissue samples from 161 of these were analysed with specific PCR assays aimed at detecting infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), piscine orthoreovirus genotype 1 (PRV‐1) and Renibacterium salmoninarum. In addition, cultivation methods were applied to detect the presence of cultivable virus and bacteria. ISAV, VHSV, IHNV PRV‐1 and R. salmoninarum were not detected by PCR. Furthermore, R. salmoninarum, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and cultivable virus were not detected by cultivation. With the exception of the absence of PRV‐1, the results correspond to previous years' health‐monitoring projects.
The Effect of Prey Size and Prey Density on Paralarval Feeding Success of the Common Sydney Octopus, Octopus tetricus
Authors: Good Jeffrey , Jeffs Andrew , Spreitzenbarth Stefan
Published: December 2024

Global demand for octopus seafood has been increasing over the past 30 years. This demand is projected to increase further as coastal communities and seafood consumers seek alternative sources of protein as finfish stocks decline. The establishment of a sustainable octopus aquaculture would have the potential to alleviate fishing pressures from wild populations. Commercial‐scale octopus aquaculture, however, has not been achieved due to the difficulty of successfully rearing octopus paralarvae on an efficacious diet. This study investigated the prey size and density preferences of Octopus tetricus paralarvae to understand the characteristics that improve food acquisition during rearing. Groups of octopus paralarvae from multiple broods were observed for a range of feeding behaviour including positioning, attack, capture loss, successful capture and handling time when given different treatments of Artemia prey. Prey size experiments used treatments of Artemia with total lengths of < 0.5, 0.9–1.0 and 1.4–1.6 mm, while prey density experiments used 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.2 Artemia mL−1. Increased numbers of successful feeding behaviours (e.g., positionings, attacks and successful captures) were directly observed with increasing prey size. Octopus paralarvae performed 52% more positionings, 100% more attacks and 175% more successful captures when given large Artemia (1.4–1.6 mm) than when given small Artemia (< 0.5 mm). Likewise, the number of observed successful feeding behaviours tended to increase with increasing Artemia density but sharply decreased at the highest density treatment (2.2 Artemia mL−1). Paralarvae performed up to 109% more positionings, 307% more attacks and 300% more successful captures when given prey densities of 1.0–1.8 Artemia mL−1 than when given lower prey density treatments and 2.2 Artemia mL−1. The results from this study indicate that prey size and density are crucial for the successful feeding of octopus paralarvae. Based on the greatest numbers of successful feeding behaviours, O. tetricus paralarvae prefer prey between 1.4 and 1.6 mm in length and at densities between 1.0 and 1.8 prey mL−1. The use of these optimal prey characteristics can be used to promote efficient paralarval octopus prey capture and feeding to greatly increase food intake in octopus paralarvae when reared in aquaculture.
Occupational Injury and Suicide in Washington State, Adjusting for Pre‐Injury Depression
Authors: Applebaum Katie M. , Asfaw Abay , O'Leary Paul K. , Fox Matthew P. , Tripodis Yorghos , Busey Andrew , Gradus Jaimie L. , Boden Leslie I.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Occupational injuries have been associated with increased suicide mortality, but prior studies have not accounted for pre‐injury depression.

Methods

We linked injuries that occurred from 1994 to 2000 in the Washington State workers' compensation system with Social Security Administration data on earnings and mortality through 2018. We estimated the subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) and 95% confidence interval using competing risks regression of suicide deaths with lost time compared with medical‐only injuries separately for men and women, adjusting for age, pre‐injury annual earnings, and industry. We further adjusted for pre‐injury diagnosis of major depressive disorder by using a quantitative bias analysis (QBA), with the prevalence of this disorder in workers derived from an external health insurance claims data set.

Results

Elevated suicide mortality was observed following lost‐time injuries compared with medical‐only injuries for men (sHR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.14, 1.93]) and women (sHR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.00, 1.69]), adjusting for age, pre‐injury earnings, and industry. Adjusted for pre‐injury depression using a QBA, elevated suicide risk in men remained statistically significant (median sHR = 1.33, simulation interval [1.18, 1.47]) but not for women.

Discussion

Workplace injury requiring time off work appeared to remain influential in increasing suicide risk among men, even after controlling for pre‐injury depression. The relationship between mental health before and after occupational injury is complex and studies should better integrate mental health pre‐injury.

Conclusions

Though many questions remain on the complex relationship between work, depression, injuries, and suicide, employers should work to prevent injuries and consider implementing mental health programs, which could be helpful in reducing suicide risk.
Morphometric Study on the Mandible of Colobine Fossil (Mesopithecus pentelicus) Found in East Asia, a Comparison With Extant Taxa
Authors: Pan Hao , Ji Xueping , Youlatos Dionisios , Chen Ying , Zhang He , Guo Gaigai , Wang Jing , Huang Kang , Hou Rong , He Gang , Guo Songtao , Zhang Pei , Li Baoguo , Pan Ruliang
Published: December 2024

A tooth‐bearing mandible fossil of a colobine monkey discovered at Shuitangba, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China, was morphometrically analyzed and compared with extant Asian colobines. Our previous qualitative and quantitative descriptions indicate that it can be safely attributed to Mesopithecus pentelicus, a Miocene fossil colobine widely found in Europe and South Asia. The present research aims to explore fossil association with extant colobines and functionally propose its dietary preferences based on multivariate morphometric analyses of mandibular morphology. The results indicate that this fossil species presents a mosaic association with extant langurs (Presbytis, Trachypithecus, and Semnopithecus) and odd‐nosed monkeys (Pygathrix, Nasalis, and Rhinopithecus), with most similarities of size‐related traits and size‐adjusted shapes, and a notable difference from extant Rhinopithecus, due to the increased body size of the latter since the Pliocene. The allometric analysis showed that, like the fossils of the same species in other sites, its mandibular structure appears more adapted to crushing hard seed shells than chewing leaves. Moreover, our findings also imply that the Asian colobines significantly modified their dietary preferences over the last 6 million years following the ecological and environmental changes triggered by the accelerated uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateaus and severe monsoons. Morphologically, the more developed condyle length and moment arms of the temporomandibular joint and medial pterygoid muscles appear to accommodate a more folivorous dietary selection, functionally related to the intake of rigid fibers in leaves that require frequent one or two‐side mandibular chewing and grinding.
Individual and joint associations between sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive function: A longitudinal analysis among middle‐aged and older adults in China
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Shi Yan , Yu Min , Guo Xiaolei , Ruan Ye , Qin Fei , Zhou Rongfei , Feng Jingyuan , Hu Zihan , Wu Fei , Jia Qingqing , Yin Yanlu , Guo Yanfei , Wu Fan
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Studies using cross‐sectional data or with a short follow‐up period fail to distinguish whether the associations between sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive function result from reverse causation.

METHODS

The longitudinal study examined the individual and joint associations, with specific temporality, between sleep duration and physical activity with cognitive function, using time‐lagged linear mixed models and generalized additive mixed models.

RESULTS

A total of 14,694 participants aged ≥ 50 years were included, with an average lagged time of 4.5 (standard deviation 1.3) years. Long sleep duration was independently associated with cognitive decline, while short sleep duration and physical activity were not. The analysis of joint effects showed that increased physical activity slowed the rate of cognitive decline among participants reporting long sleep duration, consistent with the results of the stratified analyses.

DISCUSSION

Interventions on improving sleep should consider concurrent physical activity to maximize benefits for slowing cognitive decline.

Highlights

Long sleep duration was independently associated with worse cognitive function, while short sleep duration was not.

Elevated levels of physical activity were not independently associated with better cognitive function.

Increased physical activity appeared to mitigate the negative impact of long sleep duration on cognitive function.
Photonic Spin Hall Effect of Nanoparticles: Fundamentals, Advances, and Applications
Authors: Khan Aizaz , Gu Xiaoying , Gao Lei , Novitsky Andrey , Gao Dongliang
Published: December 2024

The net angular momentum of light remains conserved during propagation. This conservation leads to a spin transport which becomes evident when light encounters a refractive index gradient, i.e., when it is reflected, refracted, or scattered. The phenomenon is so‐called as the spin‐orbit interaction (SOI) of light has paved the way to manipulate the light‐matter interaction at the nanoscale and has remained the core of many recent studies. Particularly, the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) which is the microscopic spin splitting into circular polarization has given rise to novel applications, for example, precision metrology. The PSHE is well explored at planar interfaces, however much less attention is given to it when the optical potential gradient is of higher dimensionality, i.e., for nanoparticles. In this review, the theoretical description of the PSHE as well as the SOI in the scattering of light from nanoparticles are covered. Recent advances and trends in the PSHE in nanoparticles are reviewed. The review is concluded with suggestions for some novel directions in the field of PSHE of nanoparticles.
Low‐Temperature Cured and High‐Toughness Epoxy Resin Modified by Triblock Liquid Rubber
Authors: Fang Yiliang , Cai Lifeng , Deng Chongqing , Ma Xiaoyan , Wang Luyao
Published: December 2024

Low‐temperature cured epoxy resin (EP) is a suitable resin system for bonding thermal and temperature‐sensitive devices, which can also reduce energy consumption and production costs. In order to further broaden the application range of low‐temperature curing EP systems in amine‐sensitive environments, in addition to selecting a well‐compatible curing agent, an effective rubber to form a three‐dimensional network structure with the resin matrix, so as to significantly improve the toughness of the EP. In this work, two kinds of triblock liquid rubber hydroxy‐terminated polypropylene glycol‐polybutadiene‐polypropylene glycol (HTPO‐PB‐PO) and hydroxy‐terminated polyphenylethylene oxide‐polybutadiene‐polyphenylethylene oxide (HTSO‐PB‐SO) with controlled molecular weight are synthesized and adopted to improve the mechanical properties of cured EP with methyl hexahydro phthalic anhydride (MEHHPA). It is found that all triblock liquid rubber‐modified epoxy systems can be cured below 100°C, and the curing mechanism is similar to that of the pure EP system. Compared with the original pure EP, the impact resistance of modified samples is significantly improved, and the glass transition temperature (T

g
) is similar, among which the best impact strength of modified EP can reach 16.22 kJ/m2, 62.7% higher than that of the pure sample with only slightly reduced thermal decomposition temperature. These results can provide a low‐temperature curing resin material with excellent mechanical properties, high dimensional accuracy, and high heat resistance for amine‐sensitive environments while reducing costs due to high‐temperature components and energy consumption.
Anionic Photoacid Generator Bound Polymer Photoresists With Improved Performance for Advanced Lithography Patterning
Authors: Zhuang Changchang , Chen Jiao , Wang Tao , Zhao Jun , Li Haoyuan , Xin Hanshen , Zhang Jianhua
Published: December 2024

Chemically amplified resist (CAR) has gained considerable attention in the realm of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) due to their exceptional photosensitivity, high resolution, and commercialization. This work presents the development of an anionic photoacid generator (PAG) bound polymer (PGM) photoresist composed of three rationally selected monomeric units: 2‐Phenyl‐2‐propyl methacrylate (PPMA), γ‐butyrolactone‐3‐yl methacrylate (GBLMA), and triphenyl sulfonium salt 1,1,2‐trifluorobutanesulfonate methacrylate (MTFBS‐TPS). Electron beam lithography (EBL) studies demonstrate that the PGM photoresist functions as a positive tone photoresist with commendable sensitivity (27.9 μC/cm2) and contrast (6.53). When compared under similar conditions, with equal amounts of PAG and identical processing, the PGM photoresist exhibited superior pattern fidelity, ease of handling, and higher line resolution (25 nm) relative to the triphenyl sulfonium triflate (TPS‐OTF) blend polymer (PG‐T) photoresist. This enhancement is probably caused by anionic PAG directly attaching to the polymer backbone, which mitigates acid diffusion during the post‐exposure baking (PEB) process. Moreover, the PGM photoresist obtained a pattern of 37.5 nm at 50 mJ/cm2 in the EUVL test. The positive tone resists were successfully applied for the fabrication of nanoscale patterns.
Scleractinian Corals at Their Subtropical Southwestern Atlantic Limit: Post‐2019 Mass Bleaching Event Analysis
Authors: Roos Natália C. , Longo Pedro A. S. , Ilieva Jéssica R. , Motta Fábio S. , Pereira‐Filho Guilherme H.
Published: December 2024

Thermal anomalies caused by climate change have emerged as a major threat to reef ecosystems globally. While the effects of warming oceans have been extensively investigated in tropical reefs, its effects on subtropical reefs, where coral diversity is lower, remain largely unstudied. We analysed the spatial distribution, mean cover and health status of scleractinian corals in the subtropical rocky reefs of the Alcatrazes Archipelago, a no‐take marine protected area located 30 km off the coast of São Paulo state, Brazil (24° S). Data were collected before (2018) and after (2022) the most intense marine heatwave ever recorded in the region, in 2019, using either fixed or random photoquadrats. Five scleractinian corals were recorded as follows: The zooxanthellate massive species Mussismilia hispida and Madracis decactis, the azooxanthellate solitary corals Astrangia spp. and Coenocyathus sebroecki and the invasive sun coral Tubastraea spp. M. hispida and M. decactis were the most abundant species, particularly in the sheltered sites, while Astrangia spp. and C. sebroecki were less abundant and only recorded in the exposed side of the island. In the single site where Tubastraea spp. colonies prevailed, other coral species were nearly absent. Both M. hispida and M. decactis exhibited resilience to the 2019's bleaching event, with their abundance remaining almost the same in 2022. Our findings add evidences to the emerging idea that subtropical reefs in the southwestern Atlantic may serve as refuges during future thermal anomalies, highlighting the importance of monitoring these reefs in the context of changing habitats driven by warming oceans.
Metabarcoding Reveals Meiofaunal Diversity in Rhodolith Beds From SE Brazil
Authors: Coppo Gabriel C. , Netto Sergio A. , Pais Fabiano S. , Mazzuco Ana Carolina A. , Halanych Ken M. , Bernardino Angelo F.
Published: December 2024

Rhodolith beds (RBs) are known to increase the seabed complexity and act as a hotspot, supporting a unique biodiversity. This increased structural complexity due to the presence of rhodolith nodules is expected to influence benthic diversity at a local scale. To investigate this further, we tested the hypothesis that high‐density rhodolith beds hold higher meiofaunal diversity than low‐density beds. We used metabarcoding (V9 hypervariable region from 18S SSU rRNA) on sediment samples from a region with extensive rhodolith beds in the Eastern Brazil Marine Ecoregion, with distinct areas covered by high‐ and low‐density beds. The sediment underneath high‐density beds showed higher food availability (biopolymeric carbon) and organic matter quality (protein content and protein‐to‐carbohydrate ratio); however, meiofaunal composition and phylogenetic diversity was similar among all rhodolith beds sampled in the study area. Shannon's diversity was lower in high‐density beds, which may be attributed to the higher organic matter content and quality supporting strong competitors, such as crustaceans and annelids that may dominate and suppress the presence of other meiofaunal taxa. Our results showed that rhodolith beds host a number of meiofaunal zoobenthos that are rarely sampled with traditional morphology‐based methods, and we suggest that metabarcoding may become an important complementary method to study rhodolith beds globally. As assessing biodiversity is a prerequisite for any conservation measures, this study can provide insights when managing valuable marine habitats.
5‐methyl‐2‐carboxamidepyrrole‐based novel dual mPGES‐1/sEH inhibitors as promising anticancer candidates
Authors: Colarusso Ester , Lauro Gianluigi , Potenza Marianna , Galatello Paola , Garigliota Maria Luisa d'Aulisio , Ferraro Maria Grazia , Piccolo Marialuisa , Chini Maria Giovanna , Irace Carlo , Campiglia Pietro , Hoffstetter Robert Klaus , Werz Oliver , Ramunno Anna , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Inhibiting microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1), an inducible enzyme involved in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis and tumor microenvironment (TME) homeostasis, is a valuable strategy for treating inflammation and cancer. In this work, 5‐methylcarboxamidepyrrole‐based molecules were designed and synthesized as new compounds targeting mPGES‐1. Remarkably, compounds 1f, 2b, 2c, and 2d were able to significantly reduce the activity of the isolated enzyme, showing IC50 values in the low micromolar range. With the aim of further profiling the synthesized molecules, their ability to interfere with the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), whose inhibition blocks the loss of the anti‐inflammatory mediators epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs or epoxyicosatrienoic acids), was investigated in silico and by employing specific biological assays. Among the set of tested compounds, 1f, 2b, 2c, and 2d emerged as mPGES‐1/sEH dual inhibitors. Moreover, given that overexpression of mPGES‐1 has been observed in many human tumors, we finally explored the biological effect of our compounds in an in vitro model of human colorectal cancer (CRC). The obtained outcomes pave the way for future investigation to optimize and further characterize anticancer pharmacological profile of the carboxamidepyrrole‐based molecules.
Die Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierung von Büroimmobilien gewinnt an Relevanz
Authors: Barthauer Matthias
Published: December 2024

DGNB, LEED und BREEAM sind die führenden Green‐Building‐Zertifizierungssysteme für Immobilien in Deutschland. Der Anteil der zertifizierten Büroimmobilien am gesamten Bestand in den sieben wichtigsten Märkten beträgt im Schnitt 14 %, wobei der Anteil in Frankfurt am Main mit 27 % mit Abstand am höchsten ausfällt. Insbesondere Banken und Finanzdienstleister mieten überdurchschnittlich häufig Flächen in zertifizierten Büroimmobilien an. Aus Investorensicht hat die Zertifizierung eine positive Auswirkung auf die erzielbare Miete. Der Effekt liegt zwischen 0,4 % in Toplagen und 6,8 % in Drittlagen.
Treatment decision regret after precision prostatectomy: An analysis of patient‐reported outcomes predicting decision regret
Authors: Kolanukuduru Kaushik P. , Jeong Wooju , Pistin Larisa , Abdollah Firas , Tewari Ash K. , Menon Mani
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess postoperative decision regret (DR) after precision prostatectomy (PP), a novel subtotal surgical technique for prostate cancer (PCa) that involves the preservation of the unilateral capsule and seminal vesicle, and to identify factors predictive of DR after PP.

Materials and Methods

After a shared decision‐making process, 128 patients underwent PP for the treatment of localised PCa. Given the subtotal nature of the surgery, patients were informed about the possibility of a detectable prostate‐specific antigen and secondary treatment. Between 6 and 12 months of follow‐up, DR was analysed using the previously validated decision regret score (DRS). A univariable linear regression analysis was performed to analyse factors predictive of DR after PP.

Results

Between 6 and 12 months after PP, objective measurements of DR were obtained on 64 patients who completed the DRS. At the time of DRS, 16 patients were impotent (SHIM < 17), while six were incontinent (≥1 pad/day). The median time to DRS was 10 months (IQR 7.5–11.8). Only two patients (3.1%) reported significant DR after PP (DRS > 25), while 53 patients (83%) reported no regret (DRS = 0). The median DRS was 0 (0–0). Incontinence and impotence at the time of DRS predicted higher DR after PP (incontinence estimate: 11.3 ± 3.2, p < 0.001; impotence estimate: 5.4 ± 2.3, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

The incidence of DR after PP is low, with only 3% of patients reporting significant regret. Patients who are either incontinent or impotent after PP are more likely to regret their decision. Further studies with larger sizes and longer follow‐ups are required to measure the longitudinal trends in DR after PP.
Copper–Cobalt Nanozyme Mimicking Laccase for Sensitive Colorimetric Determination of Cannabidiol in Food and Cosmetics
Authors: Wang Le , Li Qiulan , Yang Dezhi , Yang Yaling , Zhu Yanqin , Yin Qinhong
Published: December 2024

In colorimetric analysis, nanozymes are invaluable tools due to their simple production, long‐lasting stability, and adaptable enzymatic activity, which enable them to induce changes in substrate color. In this study, a simple nanozyme‐based colorimetric sensor was developed to detect cannabidiol (CBD) by using the laccase activity of the self‐made MOF with copper and cobalt loading (Cu/Co@MOF) nanozyme, which was synthesized using a one‐pot microwave method. The Cu/Co@MOF has the ability to catalyze the coupling reaction between 4‐AP and various phenolic substrates, thereby converting colorless phenolic substrates into red substances. Notably, 16 ng/mL was the limit of detection. Based on Y = 0.137X + 0.003 equation, absorbance and CAN concentrations (0.067 to 10 μg/mL with a correlation value [R2] of 0.993) had a significant correlation. The developed colorimetric method was subsequently employed to determine CBD in facial masks and essential oil samples, resulting in relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 1.4% to 4.3%. Therefore, this sensitive, cost‐effective, and rapid method ensures an effective determination of CBD in food and cosmetics.
Advancements in Plant Gene Editing Technology: From Construct Design to Enhanced Transformation Efficiency
Authors: Yuan Pu , Usman Muhammad , Liu Wenshan , Adhikari Ashna , Zhang Chunquan , Njiti Victor , Xia Ye
Published: December 2024

Plant gene editing technology has significantly advanced in recent years, thereby transforming both biotechnological research and agricultural practices. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in this rapidly evolving field, showcasing significant discoveries from improved transformation efficiency to advanced construct design. The primary focus is on the maturation of the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)9 system, which has emerged as a powerful tool for precise gene editing in plants. Through a detailed exploration, we elucidate the intricacies of integrating genetic modifications into plant genomes, shedding light on transport mechanisms, transformation techniques, and optimization strategies specific to CRISPR constructs. Furthermore, we explore the initiatives aimed at extending the frontiers of gene editing to nonmodel plant species, showcasing the growing scope of this technology. Overall, this comprehensive review highlights the significant impact of recent advancements in plant gene editing, illuminating its transformative potential in driving agricultural innovation and biotechnological progress.
Investigating Task‐Free Functional Connectivity Patterns in Newborns Using Functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Vahidi Homa , Kowalczyk Alexandra , Stubbs Kevin , Musabi Melab , Roychaudhuri Sriya , Kent Michaela , Bhattacharya Soume , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , Lawrence Keith St. , Mohsenzadeh Yalda , Duerden Emma G.
Published: December 2024

Background

Resting‐state networks (RSNs), particularly the sensorimotor network, begin to strengthe in the third trimester of pregnancy and mature extensively by term age. The integrity and structure of these networks have been repeatedly linked to neurological health outcomes in neonates, highlighting the importance of understanding the normative variations in RSNs in healthy development. Specifically, robust bilateral functional connectivity in the sensorimotor RSN has been linked to optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates.

Aim

In the current study, we aimed to map the developmental trajectory of the sensorimotor RSN in awake neonates using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Materials & Methods

We acquired fNIRS resting‐state data from 41 healthy newborns (17 females, gestational age ranging from 36 + 0 to 42 + 1 weeks) within the first week after birth. We performed both single channel and hemispheric analyses to investigate the relationship between functional connectivity and both gestational and postnatal age.

Results

We observed robust positive connectivity in numerous channel‐pairs across the sensorimotor network, especially in the left hemisphere. Next, we examined the relationship between functional connectivity, gestational age, and postnatal age, while controlling for sex and subject effects. We found both gestational and postnatal age to be significantly associated with changes in functional connectivity in the sensorimotor RSN. In our hemispheric analysis (Ninterhemispheric = 10, Nleft intrahemispheric = 15, and Nright intrahemispheric = 9), we observed a significant positive relationship between interhemispheric connectivity and postnatal age.

Discussion and Conclusion

In summary, our findings demonstrate the utility of fNIRS for monitoring early developmental changes in functional networks in awake newborns.
Impact of Clinical Characteristics and Treatment on Cholangiocarcinoma Prognosis in Southern Thailand
Authors: Sathitruangsak Chirawadee , Pattarapuntakul Tanawat , Kaewdech Apichat , Thongkan Tortrakoon , Prisutkul Apinya , Thongwatchara Phatcharaporn , Sriplung Hutcha , Kongkamol Chanon , Kanokwiroon Kanyanatt , Obchoei Sumalee , Sripongpun Pimsiri
Published: December 2024

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is most commonly seen in Northeastern Thailand and other parts of Asia where liver flukes are prevalent. However, it is unknown whether CCA patients in low and high liver fluke prevalence areas are similar. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of CCA patients in Southern Thailand.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 223 patients diagnosed with CCA between 2018 and 2021 in a tertiary‐care center. Clinicopathologic data were reviewed and compared between intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCA (iCCA, pCCA, and dCCA, respectively). Overall survivals (OS) were determined by Kaplan–Meier method and multivariable Cox regressions.

Results

The mean age was 63.9 years; 50.7% were men. The most common subtype was iCCA (49.3%), followed by pCCA (36.3%) and dCCA (14.3%). Most patients were diagnosed at a later stage: 59.4% TMN stage IV and 23.3% stage III. Cirrhosis was present in 6.3%, while the presence of liver fluke was not detected. Only 15.1% of the cohort were deemed resectable. The median OS for iCCA, pCCA, and dCCA patients were 27.3, 22.0, and 19.3 weeks, respectively (p = 0.9). One‐year survival rate differed significantly between resectable and unresectable patients (85.2% vs. 21.2%, p < 0.0001). TMN stage (aHR 1.88), palliative biliary drainage (aHR 0.31), and systemic chemotherapy (aHR 0.19) were independent predictors for mortality in unresectable pCCA and dCCA patients. In unresectable iCCA patients, only systemic chemotherapy was significant (aHR 0.30).

Conclusion

Most patients were diagnosed late, and the median OS was only 5–6 months. Unresectable CCA patients with systemic chemotherapy and palliative biliary drainage had better survival rates.
Voluntary Sector's Roles and Relevance as Alternative Arenas for Promotion of Health and Social Inclusion of Migrant Parents and Families of Children With Special Health and Welfare Needs in Norway
Authors: Tanyanyiwa Archlove Takunda , Chimhutu Victor , Pettersen Henning
Published: December 2024

Migrant families of children with special health and welfare needs such as mental, developmental, and physical disabilities face significant barriers to health and welfare services. This could result in social inequalities and exclusion. The aim of this article was to explore the role and relevance of voluntary sector in promoting health and social inclusion of migrant families of children with special health and welfare needs in Norway. The study is based on a qualitative participatory research design using co‐production and interdisciplinary research methodologies. A total of 15 voluntary sector employees participated in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. We found three major themes to summarise the role of voluntary sector: 1) Providing arenas for social inclusion and belonging; 2) Facilitating access to public health and welfare services; and 3) Provision of complementary health and welfare services. Results indicate that voluntary services use more informal community centered caring approaches and are supplementary to public health and welfare services. An exploration of more opportunities for participation of migrant families of children with special health and welfare needs in the development of services and collaboration between voluntary services and public welfare providers may foster inclusion and could be of relevance to future welfare research and practice. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's .
Soybean yield was not influenced by foliar insecticide application at R3 and R5 stages
Authors: Zelaya Mejia William David , Tilmon Kelley , Ortez Osler , Lindsey Laura E.
Published: December 2024

Due to low cost, farmers often combine foliar insecticide with a foliar fungicide application without assessing insect activity in their soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] field. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine if prophylactic application of foliar insecticide improves soybean yield in Ohio. Objectives were to evaluate the effect of foliar insecticide applied at the R3 and R5 soybean stage on insect defoliation, insect pod and seed damage, and soybean grain yield. The experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 for a total of 10 site‐years in Ohio. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications of each treatment. Treatments included foliar insecticide applied at the R3 soybean stage (beginning pod), insecticide applied at the R5 soybean stage (beginning seed), and a non‐treated control (no insecticide). Soybean leaf area affected by defoliation was evaluated the day of application and 2 weeks after application. At the R8 soybean stage (physiological maturity), soybean plants were collected and evaluated for insect pod damage and seed damage. The foliar insecticide application did not result in any significant change in soybean yield, likely explained by low insect defoliation and low pod damage. Prior to insecticide application, farmers should scout their fields and base decisions on integrated pest management strategies, considering threshold levels.