bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemistry and therapeutic potential of black pepper [Piper nigrum (L.)] essential oil and piperine: a review
Authors: Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal , Murugan Muthusamy , Dhanya M. K. , Pandian Arjun , Warkentin Thomas D.
Published: June 2021

Background

Black pepper [Piper nigrum (L.), Family: Piperaceae] is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases including; cough, cold, dyspnea throat diseases, intermittent fever, dysentery, stomachache, worms and piles. The pharmacological potential of black pepper is due to the presence of metabolites like phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, etc. The multipurpose use of black pepper dried seeds has several other beneficial health effects that also received in the light of traditional as well as current medicine perspectives. The review aims to discuss the botany, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological properties of piperine and black pepper essential oil (BPEO).

Results

Phytochemical analyses have described the main chemical constituents of black pepper, including carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, vitamin C, tannins, flavonoids and carotenoids. The volatile oil content ranges from 0.4 to 7 % in dried berries. The major constituents of BPEO are sabinene, 3-carene, D-limonene, α-pinene, caryophyllene, β-phellandrene, α-phellandrene, α-thujene, and β-bisabolene. Additionally, piperine is the naturally occurring and principal bioactive alkaloid constituent of black pepper owing to its potential therapeutic properties, including cerebral brain functioning and increased nutrient absorption. The BPEO has several biological roles, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, and insecticidal activities.

Conclusions

This review examines and presents the appropriate evidence on black pepper and its traditional uses as well as biological activities of BPEO and piperine. Although several previous reports showed diverse biological effects for piperine and bioactive constitutes of BPEO. Thus, minimal investigations were conducted using animal models, and many of these studies also lacked appropriate experimental setting like doses, control details. Hence, future studies are necessary to understand the mechanism of piperine, BPEO, bioactive constituents and their effects upon their use by animal models and humans with the proper experimental procedure which we can facilitate the protection of human health from several diseases.
Study of tolerance ability in phosphate solubilising microorganisms isolated from tea plantations soil of lower Darjeeling hills
Authors: Saha Sumedha , Acharyya Sukanya , Sarkar Sahadeb , Bhattacharya Malay
Published: June 2021

Background

Tea is an important plantation crop in India and world. Introduction of fertilisers and pesticides for better production polluted tea garden soils. Phosphates in agricultural soils are converted into soluble forms by phosphate solubilising microorganisms (PSMs). Consortium of PSM having high tolerance level is an attractive option for bioremediation of degraded tea plantation soils. This research initiative was to isolate PSM from tea plantation soil and detect their tolerance against pesticide, antibiotic and antifungal.

Results

Isolated consortia from organic and inorganic tea plantation soils of Darjeeling showing halo was considered for tolerance study. Phorate was most and Deltamethrin was the least tolerant pesticide for the isolated PSM consortia. So, Phorate may be considered as most used or most accumulated pesticide. Erythromycin was most and Ofloxacin was the least tolerant antibiotic while Fluconazole was most and Itraconazole was the least tolerant antifungal agent for the isolated PSM consortia. It was noted that there was no or partial inhibition of PSM growth by some pesticide, antibiotic and antifungal agents. In all the three tolerance studies it was observed that there is no relation between collection sites but in all the assays average inhibition zones were more in organic plantations than inorganic plantations.

Conclusions

Thus, it may be said that inorganic practice induces tolerance to microbes. So, other than cultural practice use of chemicals, micro-ecosystem and antibiosis exhibited by microbes do play a role in conferring tolerance.
Dualities of the vitamin D in systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Schneider Laiana , Hax Vanessa , Monticielo Odirlei , Macedo Tamires Ferri , Barreto Roberta Kern Menna , Marcondes Natália Aydos , Chakr Rafael
Published: June 2021

Background

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and visceral and cutaneous fibrosis. Vitamin D has several functions in the immunological system, and different studies have suggested a potential role in triggering autoimmune diseases. Patients with SSc may present with low serum levels of vitamin D, but the association between hypovitaminosis D and disease onset or any clinical manifestation is still obscure. Our goal was to verify the causal relationship between hypovitaminosis D and SSc onset or any particular clinical manifestation in the literature.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed through February 24th, 2021 on Pubmed, Lilacs/BIREME, and Cochrane databases. The eligible studies were read in full text, and, in the absence of exclusion criteria, were included in this review after consensus between two reviewers.

Results

Forty articles met the eligibility criteria and the main results of each study are described. In most studies, SSc patients showed a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency compared to controls. Additionally, in some reports serum levels of vitamin D were inversely correlated with the severity of SSc. Oral supplementation did not seem to affect serum levels of vitamin D. Four of the included studies were with experimental models.

Conclusion

In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency seems to have a role in susceptibility to SSc, as well as in the clinical manifestations of the disease.
Interrogating the bovine reproductive tract metagenomes using culture-independent approaches: a systematic review
Authors: Ong Chian Teng , Turni Conny , Blackall Patrick J. , Boe-Hansen Gry , Hayes Ben J. , Tabor Ala E.
Published: June 2021

Undesirable microbial infiltration into the female bovine reproductive tracts, for example during calving or mating, is likely to disturb the commensal microflora. Persistent establishment and overgrowth of certain pathogens induce reproductive diseases, render the female bovine reproductive tract unfavourable for pregnancy or can result in transmission to the foetus, leading to death and abortion or birth abnormalities. This review of culture-independent metagenomics studies revealed that normal microflora in the female bovine reproductive tract is reasonably consistently dominated by bacteria from the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, following by Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Tenericutes. Reproductive disease development in the female bovine reproductive tract was demonstrated across multiple studies to be associated with high relative abundances of bacteria from the phyla Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. Reduced bacterial diversity in the reproductive tract microbiome in some studies of cows diagnosed with reproductive diseases also indicated an association between dysbiosis and bovine reproductive health. Nonetheless, the bovine genital tract microbiome remains underexplored, and this is especially true for the male genital tract. Future research should focus on the functional aspects of the bovine reproductive tract microbiomes, for example their contributions to cattle fertility and susceptibility towards reproductive diseases.
Vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor genetic variants in Egyptian cardiovascular disease patients with and without diabetes
Authors: Eweida Soad M. , Salem Ahmed , Shaker Yehia M. , Samy Nervana , Yassen Ibrahim , Mohamed Rania Hassan
Published: June 2021

Background

25-Hydroxyvitamin D (Vit.D) levels associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may vary according to genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. However, the existing results are not conclusive in the Egyptian population, where diabetes mellitus is a common CVD risk factor. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of VDR polymorphism in Egyptian patients with CVD by studying the association of the rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene and serum levels of Vit.D with several CVD risk factors in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. We studied the genotypes for rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) SNPs of the VDR gene in 382 Egyptian patients (120 CVD patients with diabetes, 124 CVD patients without diabetes, 69 diabetic patients without CVD and 69 healthy individuals). We also determined the serum levels of Vit.D, insulin, lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the body mass index (BMI).

Results

The distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies of the rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) SNPs of the VDR gene was significant in CVD patients (p < 0.001). The level of Vit.D was significantly lower in patients with CVD and diabetes compared to those without diabetes (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between Vit.D level and the selected SNPs with serum lipids, BMI, FBG, and insulin levels in CVD patients with or without diabetes.

Conclusion

The level of Vit.D and the distribution of VDR polymorphisms are associated with risk of CVD in Egyptian patients with or without diabetes. These results suggest that VDR polymorphisms may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for CVD susceptibility.
Microelimination of hepatitis C in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias: a single-center experience
Authors: Hashem Walaa M. , El-Sayed Manal Hamdy , Ahmed Ossama A. , Dabbous Hany M. , Shaker Mohamed Kamal , Sherief Ahmed Fouad , Naguib Mary Gamal , Ibrahim Shereen Abdel-Monem , Mansour Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Background

Patients with chronic hemolytic anemias (CHA) are at a high risk for transfusion-transmitted infections. Various studies in Egypt have shown a prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 24–37% of those patients. Elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with CHA would prevent early progression of liver disease. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in the special population of HCV-infected patients with CHA. In this prospective study, 21 consenting hepatitis C patients were recruited and treated using ribavirin-free SOF/DAC regimen for either 12 or 24 weeks according to categorization of patients into easy or hard-to-treat in accordance with the national protocols. Sustained virological response was assessed by RT-PCR for HCV-RNA at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12). Any treatment-related adverse events were noted.

Results

All patients were adherent to treatment with no discontinuation of therapy. SVR12 was achieved in 19 out of 21 patients (90.5%). There was a significant improvement in levels of ALT (p<0.009) after completion of therapy. On the other hand, the hemoglobin, total bilirubin, and ferritin levels showed a non-significant difference (p<0.501, p<0.542, and p<0.339, respectively). Moderate adverse events were observed in 2 out of 21 patients (9.5%), including sickling crisis and hepatic decompensation.

Conclusion

The results of this study substantiate the favorable efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ribavirin-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in the special population of HCV-infected patients with CHA. Micro-elimination of HCV in special patient populations allows for pragmatic delivery of care to patients with co-morbid conditions who are in most need for treatment and allows for achievement of global elimination of HCV worldwide.
Paternal childcare at 6 months and risk of maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Kasamatsu Haruka , Tsuchida Akiko , Matsumura Kenta , Hamazaki Kei , Inadera Hidekuni ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: June 2021

Background

Paternal childcare is reported to benefit maternal mental health, but specific childcare behaviors have not been comprehensively determined. This study sought to identify paternal childcare behaviors associated with maternal mental health by adjusting for other covariates associated with maternal mental health and examining childcare behaviors.

Methods

This study investigated whether seven types of paternal childcare behaviors at 6 months after delivery were associated with maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery, which was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). After exclusions from a dataset of 103,062 pregnancies obtained in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, we evaluated data from 75,607 mothers.

Results

More than 70% of fathers were always or sometimes involved in “playing at home,” “playing outdoors,” “changing diapers,” and “bathing,” 60%–70% in “helping with feeding” and “dressing,” and 45.9% in “putting the child to bed.” All paternal childcare behaviors showed some beneficial association with less maternal psychological distress, both moderate (K6 score 5–12) and severe (K6 score ≥ 13) distress. Playing at home was the most beneficial association identified (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.76 for moderate psychological distress; aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.28–0.48 for severe psychological distress).

Conclusions

These seven types of paternal childcare behaviors may help lessen maternal psychological distress. Emphasis should be given to building education systems and working environments that promote paternal childcare.
Mental health services during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: Results from the EPA Ambassadors Survey and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Rojnic Kuzman Martina , Vahip Simavi , Fiorillo Andrea , Beezhold Julian , Pinto da Costa Mariana , Skugarevsky Oleg , Dom Geert , Pajevic Izet , Peles Alma Mihaljevic , Mohr Pavel , Kleinberg Anne , Chkonia Eka , Balazs Judit , Flannery William , Mazaliauskiene Ramune , Chihai Jana , Samochowiec Jerzy , Cozman Doina , Mihajlovic Goran , Izakova Lubomira , Arango Celso , Goorwod Philip
Published: June 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented worldwide crisis affecting several sectors, including health, social care, economy and society at large. The World Health Organisation has emphasized that mental health care should be considered as one of the core sectors within the overall COVID-19 health response. By March 2020, recommendations for the organization of mental health services across Europe have been developed by several national and international mental health professional associations.

Methods

The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) surveyed a large European sample of psychiatrists, namely the “EPA Ambassadors”, on their clinical experience of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of psychiatric patients during the month of April 2020 in order to: a) identify and report the views and experiences of European psychiatrists; and b) represent and share these results with mental health policy makers at European level. Based on the recommendations issued by national psychiatric associations and on the results of our survey, we identified important organisational aspects of mental health care during the peak of the first wave of the COVID-19.

Results

While most of the recommendations followed the same principles, significant differences between countries emerged in service delivery, mainly relating to referrals to outpatients and for inpatient admission, assessments and treatment for people with mental disorders. Compared to previous months, the mean number of patients treated by psychiatrists in outpatient settings halved in April 2020. In the same period, the number of mentally ill patients tested for, or developing, COVID-19 was low. In most of countries, traditional face-to-face visits were replaced by online remote consultations.

Conclusions

Based on our findings we recommend: 1) to implement professional guidelines into practice and harmonize psychiatric clinical practice across Europe; 2) to monitor the treatment outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing mental disorders; 3) to keep psychiatric services active by using all available options (for example telepsychiatry); 4) to increase communication and cooperation between different health care providers.
Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 precipitates HIV-nephropathy in mice
Authors: Das Jharna R. , Jerebtsova Marina , Tang Pingtao , Li Jinliang , Yu Jing , Ray Patricio E.
Published: June 2021

Over 80% of all children living with HIV reside in Africa and are at risk of developing HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Once HIVAN is established in children, it is difficult to revert its progression to chronic kidney failure even using antiretroviral drugs. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Previous studies showed that the risk of developing HIVAN increases in children with high circulating levels of FGF-2, but it is unclear whether FGF-2 per se precipitates HIVAN. To unravel the role of circulating FGF-2 in childhood HIVAN, we used the HIV-Tg26 mouse model of HIVAN. Briefly, we demonstrated that circulating FGF-2 was preferentially recruited in the kidney of HIV-Tg26 mice with renal disease, and precipitated HIVAN in young mice without pre-existing kidney disease by activating the pERK pathway in renal epithelial cells without previously inducing the expression of HIV-1 genes. Wild type mice injected with recombinant adenoviral FGF-2 vectors (rAd-FGF-2) carrying a secreted form of human FGF-2 developed transient and reversible HIVAN-like lesions, including proteinuria and glomerular enlargement. HIV-Tg26 mice injected with rAd-FGF-2 developed more significant proliferative and pro-fibrotic inflammatory lesions, similar to those seen in childhood HIVAN. These lesions were partially reversed in mice treated with the FGF/VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD173074. In conclusion, we developed a new FGF-2-inducible model of childhood HIVAN, and showed that high circulating levels of FGF-2 precipitated HIVAN without inducing the renal expression of HIV-genes. These findings suggest that high plasma FGF-2 levels may be an independent risk factor for precipitating HIVAN in young children.
Enhancing Adaptations to Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training Interventions
Authors: Blazevich Anthony J. , Collins David F. , Millet Guillaume Y. , Vaz Marco A. , Maffiuletti Nicola A.
Published: June 2021

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) applied to skeletal muscles is an effective rehabilitation and exercise training modality. However, the relatively low muscle force and rapid muscle fatigue induced by NMES limit the stimulus provided to the neuromuscular system and subsequent adaptations. We hypothesize that adaptations to NMES will be enhanced by the use of specific stimulation protocols and adjuvant interventions.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function after a 100-km Ultramarathon: A Case Study in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: MARCHANT ERIK D. , MARCHANT NATHAN D. , HYLDAHL ROBERT D. , GIFFORD JAYSON R. , SMITH MICHAEL W. , HANCOCK CHAD R.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Very little research has investigated the effects of ultraendurance exercise on the bioenergetic status of muscle. The primary objective of this case study was to characterize the changes that occur in skeletal muscle mitochondria in response to a 100-km ultramarathon in monozygotic twins. A second objective was to determine whether mitochondrial function is altered by consuming a periodized low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet during training compared with a high-carbohydrate diet.

Methods

One pair of male monozygotic twins ran 100 km on treadmills after 4 wk of training on either a high-carbohydrate or periodized low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Muscle biopsies were collected 4 wk before the run, as well as 4 and 52 h postrun. Blood draws were also performed immediately before as well as 4 and 52 h after the run.

Results

Four hours postrun, respiratory capacity, citrate synthase activity, and mitochondrial complex protein content were decreased. Two days later, both twins showed signs of rapid recovery in several of these measures. Furthermore, blood levels of creatine phosphokinase, C-reactive protein, and aspartate transaminase were elevated 4 h after the run but partially recovered 2 d later.

Conclusion

Although there were some differences between the twins, the primary finding is that there is significant mitochondrial impairment induced by running 100 km, which rapidly recovers within 2 d. These results provide ample rationale for future investigations of the effects of ultraendurance activity on mitochondrial function.
Blood Oxygen Carrying Capacity Determines Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Age and Older Women and Men
Authors: DIAZ-CANESTRO CANDELA , SIEBENMANN CHRISTOPH , MONTERO DAVID
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Whether blood oxygen (O2)-carrying capacity plays a substantial role in determining cardiorespiratory fitness, a strong predictor of mortality, remains uncertain in women and elderly individuals because of the scarcity of experimental investigations. This study experimentally assessed the role of blood O2-carrying capacity on cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-age and older individuals.

Methods

Healthy women and men (n = 31, 35–76 yr) matched by age and fitness were recruited. Transthoracic echocardiography, central hemodynamics, and O2 uptake were assessed throughout incremental exercise in (i) control conditions and (ii) after a 10% reduction of blood O2-carrying capacity via carbon monoxide administration, in a blinded manner. Effects on cardiac function, blood pressure, peak O2 uptake, and effective hemoglobin (Hb) were determined with established methods.

Results

Blood O2-carrying capacity, represented by effective Hb, was similarly reduced in women (11.8 ± 0.6 vs 10.7 ± 0.6 g·dL−1, P < 0.001) and men (13.0 ± 0.9 vs 11.7 ± 0.6 g·dL−1, P < 0.001) (P for sex effect = 0.580). Reduced O2-carrying capacity did not induce major effects on cardiac function and hemodynamics during exercise, except for a 10%–15% decrement in peak systolic blood pressure in both sexes (P ≤ 0.034). Peak O2 uptake decreased from 35 ± 6 to 31 ± 6 mL·min−1·kg−1, P < 0.001) in women and from 35 ± 9 to 32 ± 9 mL·min−1·kg−1 (P = 0.024) in men in approximate proportion to the reduction of O2-carrying capacity, an effect that did not differ between sexes (P = 0.778).

Conclusions

Blood O2-carrying capacity stands out as a major determinant of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy mature women and men, with no differential effect of sex.
Hip Adduction during Running: Influence of Sex, Hip Abductor Strength and Activation, and Pelvis and Femur Morphology
Authors: LIU JIA , LEWTON KRISTI L. , COLLETTI PATRICK M. , POWERS CHRISTOPHER M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To examine the influence of hip abductor strength, neuromuscular activation, and pelvis and femur morphology in contributing to sex differences in hip adduction during running. In addition, we sought to determine the best predictors of hip adduction during running for both men and women.

Methods

Fifteen female runners and 14 male runners underwent strength testing, instrumented overground running (e.g., kinematics and muscle activation), and computed tomography scanning of pelvis and femur. Morphologic measurements included bilateral hip width to femur length ratio, acetabulum abduction, acetabulum anteversion, femoral anteversion, and femoral neck-shaft angles. Sex differences for all variables were examined using independent t tests. Linear regression was used to assess the ability of each independent variable of interest to predict peak hip adduction during the late swing and stance phase of running.

Results

Compared with men, women exhibited significantly greater peak hip adduction during both late swing (8.5° ± 2.6° vs 6.2° ± 2.8°, P = 0.04) and stance phases of running (13.4° ± 4.2° vs 10.0° ± 3.2°, P = 0.02). In addition, women exhibited significantly lower hip abductor strength (1.8 ± 0.3 vs 2.0 ± 0.3 N·m·kg−1, P = 0.04), greater femoral neck-shaft angles (134.1° ± 5.0° vs 129.9° ± 4.1°, P = 0.01), and greater hip width to femur length ratios than men (0.44 ± 0.02 vs 0.42 ± 0.03, P = 0.03). Femoral anteversion was the only significant predictor of peak hip adduction during late swing (r = 0.36, P = 0.05) and stance (r = 0.41, P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the contribution of femur morphology as opposed to hip abductor strength and activation in contributing to hip adduction during running.
Idiopathic gigantomastia in a patient on polypharmacy
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Nhu Jennifer , Sanchez Lilia Maria , Yassa Mariam , David Julie , El Khoury Mona
Published: June 2021

Gigantomastia is an uncommon benign condition characterized by massive breast enlargement. It is most often due to hormonal imbalance secondary to puberty or pregnancy, or induced by a pharmacological agent but can also be idiopathic. Herein, we report a rare case of idiopathic gigantomastia in a 46-year-old female on antiepileptic multiple-drug therapy who underwent total bilateral mastectomy to relieve associated pain.
Attitudes towards transactional data donation and linkage in a longitudinal population study: evidence from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Skatova Anya , Shiells Kate , Boyd Andy
Published: June 2021

Background: Commercial transaction records, such as data collected through banking and retail loyalty cards, present a novel opportunity for longitudinal population studies to capture data on participants’ real-world behaviours and interactions. However, little is known about participant attitudes towards donating transactional records for this purpose. This study aimed to: (i) explore the attitudes of longitudinal population study participants towards sharing their transactional records for health research and data linkage; and (ii) explore the safeguards that researchers should consider implementing when looking to request transactional data from participants for data linkage studies.

Methods: Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were invited to a series of three focus groups with semi-structured discussions designed to elicit opinions. Through asking participants to attend three focus groups we aimed to facilitate more in-depth discussions around the potentially complex topic of data donation and linkage. Thematic analysis was used to sort data into overarching themes addressing the research questions.

Results: Participants (n= 20) expressed a variety of attitudes towards data linkage, which were associated with safeguards to address concerns. This data was sorted into three themes: understanding, trust, and control. We discuss the importance of explaining the purpose of data linkage, consent options, who the data is linked with and sensitivities associated with different parts of transactional data. We describe options for providing further information and controls that participants consider should be available when studies request access to transactional records.

Conclusions: This study provides initial evidence on the attitudes and concerns of participants of a longitudinal cohort study towards transactional record linkage. The findings suggest a number of safeguards which researchers should consider when looking to recruit participants for similar studies, such as the importance of ensuring participants have access to appropriate information, control over their data, and trust in the organisation.
PENGARUH INTEGRITAS, INDEPENDENSI, DAN PROFESIONALISME AUDITOR TERHADAP KUALITAS HASIL KERJA AUDITOR: DENGAN ETIKA AUDITOR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING (STUDI KASUS BPKP PERWAKILAN DIY)
Authors: Mangesti Citra Ari , Ayem Sri , Erawati Teguh
Published: June 2021

This research examine to analyze and find out whether the auditor's ethics strengthen the influence of auditor's integrity, independence, and professionalism on the quality of the auditor's work. The population in this research is the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP). The sample in this research is the auditor who has registered and worked at the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency, have a minimum educational background in Bachelor Accounting. The sampling method uses nonprobability with purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires was thirty one questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version twenty five. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. For moderating analysis were using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). T test results show that integrity, independence, and professionalism have a positive effect on the quality of the work of auditors. Auditor ethics have a positive effect and moderate the relationship between the influence of integrity, independence, and professionalism of auditors.
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN KINERJA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG MELAKUKA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN PERUSAHAAN YANG TIDAK MELAKUKAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Winarso Beni Suhendra , Kurniawati Indah
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the performance of stock in a company that does Corporate Social Responsibility and the company does not undertake Corporate Social Responsibility in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.   Samples of this company is a manufacturing company that does Corporate Social Responsibility and the company does not undertake Corporate Social Responsibility in 2013. The stock performance is analyzed by using the ratios earnings price ratio, price-to-book ratio and earnings per share and do independent samples test or Mann Whitney test for testing the significance of differences.  The results of this study indicate that outlines the company's stock performance that does Corporate Social Responsibility has no difference with the stock performance of companies that do not do a Corporate Social Responsibility. This is shown by the results obtained in the analysis of financial ratios which includes price earnings ratio, price to book value and earnings per share.
DETERMINAN PENGUNGKAPAN MODAL INTELEKTUAL PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN
Authors: Delima Zamrud Mirah , Zuliyati Zuliyati
Published: June 2021

The purposed of this research is to analyze the factors which influence of intellectual capital disclosure. Knowledge of intellectual capital disclosure in the digital era was the important contributing factor to increase performance, professionalism, and sustainable of value excellence for banking companies in Indonesia for performance more optimally. The factors that tested in this research were leverage, earning growth, company size, board of commissioner size, company age, and business complexity toward intellectual capital disclosure. The method of data collecting in this research was taken banking companies which registered at Indonesia Stock Exchange in period 2013 until 2019 as the object. The sampling that used in this research was purposive sampling technique and gained the data of 175 companies which registered at Indonesia Stock Exchange in period 2013 until 2019. The method of analyze that used was multiple regression analysis. The result of the hypothesis testing in this research showed that leverage, company size, board of commissioner size, business complexity had significant influence, where as earning growth and company age were not effect toward intellectual capital disclosure.
ANALISA MANFAAT PEMBIAYAAN GADAI EMAS SYARIAH: STUDI KASUS BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI-TOMANG RAYA
Authors: Bahari Natasha Putri , Nugroho Lucky , Badawi Ahmad , Hidayah Nurul
Published: June 2021

One of the superior products that distinguish between Islamic banks and conventional banks is Rahn or a pawn. However, these products are not owned by all Islamic banks. Furthermore, one of the sharia banks that have gold Rahn products or sharia gold pawn financing is Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM), where BSM is also the largest Islamic bank with assets in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the use of Islamic bank gold pawn financing for the community. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with primary data. The sample used is customers of the BSM Tomang Raya Branch who have gold pawn financing facilities, amounting to 30 customers. The research questions are (i) What are the characteristics of the customers of sharia gold pawn financing;(ii) How is the use of Islamic gold pawn financing. The results of the research show that the majority of the age range of customers for sharia gold pawn financing is productive age (30-49 years), the majority of the sexes are women, the occupation of the majority of customers is private employees, the majority of customers› income is> IDR 5,000,000 per month. , the majority of customer education is S-1 and the religion of the majority of customers is Muslim. In addition, the use of borrowed money from sharia gold pawn financing is intended for consumer needs.
Why community specialist practitioner district nurses should promote tissue donation
Authors: Alker Claire
Published: June 2021

A high proportion of patients are being supported with end-of-life (EoL) care in the community, many of which are known to district nursing (DN) caseloads. Over time, community specialist practitioner district nursing (CSPDN) teams build therapeutic relationships with patients, and they are adept at providing EoL care. They are also now actively and routinely undertaking verification of death (VoD). Thus, they are in a prime position to promote and facilitate community tissue donation among patients and their families. The Government has recognised a need to promote organ and tissue donation, implementing the Organ Donation (Deemed Consent) Act (2019) , whereby every person over the age of 18 years is now considered for organ and tissue donation with the anticipation of more recipients receiving life-changing tissue transplantation. DN teams seem to lack awareness of the change in law and, therefore, are not actively promoting this in practice. Further, there is no available community-focused guidance or training to support DNs to have these difficult and complex conversations enabling exploration of patients' wishes with regard to promote tissue donation. Therefore, guidance and education are needed in order to improve overall referrals, in the hope that they lead to an increase in donation.
Wound infections: an overview
Authors: Williams Martha
Published: June 2021

In the ever-changing world of wound care and nursing, it remains apparent that chronic wounds are a growing challenge. Evidence shows that age increases the likelihood of developing a chronic wound, which supports the notion that the burden of these wounds on the NHS is likely to further intensify with the ageing population. There are many reasons why a wound may fail to progress, including wound aetiology, comorbidities and environmental and socio-economic factors. One of the most significant reasons why wounds may fail to progress and become chronic is untreated wound infection. In order for clinicians to be able to treat and manage wound infections, it is vital that they understand how infection develops, the many ways in which infections may present themselves and how and when to initiate appropriate topical and systemic therapies to treat wound bed infections. The present article provides an overview of wound bed infections and their management.
Unlocking the biogeochemical role of beaver in state-transition of landscapes in Yellowstone's northern range: Tantalizing insights, initial results, and evolving research design
Authors: Brooks Marjorie L.
Published: June 2021

Extirpation of wolves from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in the 1920s hypothetically triggered a trophic cascade in which herbivores over-browsed riparian zones once released from the fear of wolf (Canis lupus) predation. Eventually, vast meadow-wetland complexes transitioned to grass-lodgepole systems. By 1954, beaver (Castor canadensis) virtually abandoned the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. In 2000, Colorado State University established experimental dams with browsing exclosures for Long Term Environmental Research in Biology (LTREB) on three streams in Lamar Valley to compare hydrologic effects of pseudo-beaver dams and browsing on willow (Salix spp.) productivity and state transitions. In 2015, beaver began recolonizing the region. I investigate how the biogeochemical role of beaver versus their hydrologic influence affects the underlying mechanisms of state transition: nutrient cycling, productivity, and stream respiration. Analyses of the 2017 field samples showed that beaver streams trend toward higher nutrient levels and higher variances than the LTREB sites. These trends continued in 2018 and 2019. The data tentatively support the role of beaver as keystone species in state transitions. Interannual modeling of nutrient dynamics, comparisons of stream metabolism, and genetic identification of microbial communities are underway. Similarly, analyses of the repeated measures collected across the month of July 2019 are underway.

 

Featured photo from figure 1 in report.
Behavioral complexities at high elevation: assessing prehistoric landscape use in the alpine regions of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Dersam Scott W.
Published: June 2021

Alpine landscapes capture our imaginations. Envisioning these forbidding regions occupied by humans in prehistory has drawn academic and public audiences alike. The history of these alpine regions is being rewritten the world over, due in part to recent archaeological discoveries made in the alpine regions of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). These discoveries, some in the wilderness areas of Montana, have revealed a complex tapestry of prehistoric lifeways. Archaeological and paleobiological research in Montana’s GYE alpine regions by Dr. Craig Lee (INSTAAR/ PCRG), Dr. Rachel Reckin (USFS) and Scott Dersam (PCRG) have spearheaded these continued multi-disciplinary studies in the region. Their efforts have focused on the climatological, ecological, as well as cultural impacts of ice patch use and alpine habitation on patterns of prehistoric occupation in the region. The UW-NPS Research Station Small Grant funded archaeological research and reconnaissance of the alpine regions of Montana’s Beartooth wilderness during the summer 2019. The 2019-field season’s discoveries added significant knowledge to regional research in high elevation studies, documenting the highest known stone circles, ceramics, and Paleoindian hunting activities in Montana.

 

Featured photo from figure 4 in report.
Sustainable care: theorising the wellbeing of caregivers to older persons
Authors: Keating Norah , McGregor J. Allister , Yeandle Sue
Published: June 2021

The term ‘care crisis’ is invoked to denote chronic system failures and bad outcomes for the people involved. We present a comprehensive wellbeing framework and illustrate its practicality with evidence of negative outcomes for those who provide care. We find evidence of substantial material and relational wellbeing failures for family carers and for care workers, while there has been little interest in carers’ views of their ability to live the life that they most value. Understanding and improving wellbeing outcomes for carers is an essential component of sustainable care, which requires the wellbeing of the different actors in care arrangements.
Phase-error-compensation-based surface recovery algorithm using spectrum selection for white light interferometry
Authors: Ma Long , Zhao Yuan , Du Mei-Ye , Pei Xin , Feng Xing-Jie , Sun Feng-Ming , Fang Shao-Bo
Published: June 2021

White light interferometry is a well-established surface recovery
technique. In this paper, a white light signal processing algorithm
based on phase error compensation using spectrum selection is
proposed. The derived nonlinear phase distribution from the
correlogram is modeled as the combination of random errors and
systemic deviations. By developing a new, to the best of our
knowledge, recovery algorithm, the phase noise can be separated from
the linear map and significantly attenuated. Based on the proposed
algorithm, the spectrum features of white light LEDs and halogen lamps
are investigated in detail. The inner products defined by three
selected points are employed to generate a coefficient to evaluate the
linearity of an unwrapped phase map within a certain spectrum region.
The optimal spectrum range corresponding to the best measurement
performance can then be located where the coefficient approximates 1
and the spectrum energy stays relatively high. The simulations are
carried out under different levels of SNR and scan step noises, which
show that the new method can effectively reduce additional disturbance
from the recovered topography. In experiments, the system with the
proposed method is first calibrated by a step height standard (VLSI,

182.7

±

2.0

n
m

) with the repeatability of 0.44 nm. A
silicon wafer and three roughness standards are also tested to further
verify the robustness of the new method.
Wave-optics simulation of dynamic speckle: I. In a pupil plane
Authors: Burrell Derek J. , Spencer Mark F. , Van Zandt Noah R. , Driggers Ronald G.
Published: June 2021

This two-part paper demonstrates the use of wave-optics simulations to model the effects of dynamic speckle. In Part I, we formulate closed-form expressions for the analytical irradiance correlation coefficient, specifically in the pupil plane of an optical system. These expressions are for square, circular, and Gaussian scattering spots and four different modes of extended-object motion, including in-plane and out-of-plane translation and rotation. Using a phase-screen approach, we then simulate the equivalent scattering from an optically rough extended object, where we assume that the surface heights are uniformly distributed and delta correlated from grid point to grid point. For comparison to the analytical irradiance correlation coefficient, we also calculate the numerical irradiance correlation coefficient from the dynamic speckle after propagation from the simulated object plane to the simulated pupil plane. Overall, the analytical and numerical results definitely demonstrate that, relative to theory, the dynamic speckle in the simulated pupil plane is properly correlated from one frame to the next. Such validated wave-optics simulations provide the framework needed to model more sophisticated setups and obtain accurate results for system-level studies.
Calibration of spin-light coupling by coherently induced Faraday rotation
Authors: Thomas Rodrigo A. , Østfeldt Christoffer , Bærentsen Christian , Parniak Michał , Polzik Eugene S.
Published: June 2021

Calibrating the strength of the light-matter interaction is an important experimental task in quantum information and quantum state engineering protocols. The strength of the off-resonant light-matter interaction in multi-atom spin oscillators can be characterized by the readout rate ΓS. Here we introduce the method named Coherently Induced FAraday Rotation (CIFAR) for determining the readout rate. The method is suited for both continuous and pulsed readout of the spin oscillator, relying only on applying a known polarization modulation to the probe laser beam and detecting a known optical polarization component. Importantly, the method does not require changes to the optical and magnetic fields performing the state preparation and probing. The CIFAR signal is also independent of the probe beam photo-detection quantum efficiency, and allows direct extraction of other parameters of the interaction, such as the tensor coupling ζS, and the damping rate γS. We verify this method in the continuous wave regime, probing a strongly coupled spin oscillator prepared in a warm cesium atomic vapour.
Pupil-aberration calibration with controlled illumination for quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Baek YoonSeok , Hugonnet Hervé , Park YongKeun
Published: June 2021

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) exploits sample-induced changes in the optical field to analyze biological specimens in a label-free manner. However, the quantitative nature of QPI makes it susceptible to optical aberrations. We propose a method for calibrating pupil aberrations by imaging a sample of interest. The proposed method recovers pupil information by utilizing the cross-spectral density between optical fields at different incident angles and allows both thin and weakly scattering three-dimensional samples for calibration. We experimentally validate the proposed method by imaging various samples, including a resolution target, breast tissue, and a polystyrene bead, and demonstrate aberration-free two- and three-dimensional QPI.
Holography-based structured light illumination for temporal focusing microscopy
Authors: Chen Jialong , Gu Songyun , Meng Yunlong , Fu Zhiqiang , Chen Shih-Chi
Published: June 2021

In this Letter, we present a holography-based structured light illumination (SLI) method to enhance the resolution of widefield temporal focusing microscopy (TFM). In the system, a digital micromirror device is employed to simultaneously disperse the incoming femtosecond laser to induce temporal focusing at the focal plane and generate designed structured patterns via a Lee hologram. As the generated structured patterns do not contain the zeroth order beam, it improves the contrast and modulation frequency. Mathematical models have been derived to calculate the electric fields at the focal plane and to explain the effects of improved optical cross-sectioning capability. Imaging experiments have been devised and performed on fluorescent beads and mouse kidney sections; the results demonstrate enhanced axial confinement and improved suppression of out-of-focus fluorescence. The new SLI method realizes high-resolution TFM and can be readily applied to other microscopy platforms for biophotonics applications.
Quantum-limited localization and resolution in three dimensions
Authors: Wang Ben , Xu Liang , Li Jun-chi , Zhang Lijian
Published: June 2021

As a method to extract information from optical systems, imaging can be viewed as a parameter estimation problem. The fundamental precision in locating one emitter or estimating the separation between two incoherent emitters is bounded below by the multiparameter quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB). Multiparameter QCRB gives an intrinsic bound in parameter estimation. We determine the ultimate potential of quantum-limited imaging for improving the resolution of a far-field, diffraction-limited optical field within the paraxial approximation. We show that the quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIm) in about one emitter’s position is independent on its true value. We calculate the QFIm of two unequal-brightness emitters’ relative positions and intensities; the results show that only when the relative intensity and centroids of two-point sources, including longitudinal and transverse directions, are known exactly, the separation in different directions can be estimated simultaneously with finite precision. Our results give the upper bounds on certain far-field imaging technology and will find wide use in applications from microscopy to astrometry.