bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different environmental gradients affect different measures of snake β-diversity in the Amazon rainforests
Authors: de Fraga Rafael , Ferrão Miquéias , Stow Adam J , Magnusson William E , Lima Albertina P
Published: August 2018

Mechanisms generating and maintaining biodiversity at regional scales may be evaluated by quantifying β-diversity along environmental gradients. Differences in assemblages result in biotic complementarities and redundancies among sites, which may be quantified through multi-dimensional approaches incorporating taxonomic β-diversity (TBD), functional β-diversity (FBD) and phylogenetic β-diversity (PBD). Here we test the hypothesis that snake TBD, FBD and PBD are influenced by environmental gradients, independently of geographic distance. The gradients tested are expected to affect snake assemblages indirectly, such as clay content in the soil determining primary production and Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND) determining prey availability, or directly, such as percentage of tree cover determining availability of resting and nesting sites, and climate (temperature and precipitation) causing physiological filtering. We sampled snakes in 21 sampling plots, each covering 5 km2, distributed over 880 km in the central-southern Amazon Basin. We used dissimilarities between sampling sites to quantify TBD, FBD and PBD, which were response variables in multiple-linear-regression and RDA models. We show that patterns of snake community composition based on TBD, FBD and PBD are associated with environmental heterogeneity in the Amazon. Despite positive correlations between all β-diversity measures, TBD responded to different environmental gradients compared to FBD and PBD. Our findings suggest that multi-dimensional approaches are more informative for ecological studies and conservation actions compared to a single diversity measure.
REGULASI DIRI PADA PENYAKIT KRONIS - SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS : KAJIAN LITERATUR
Authors: Fatmawati Atikah
Published: August 2018

AbstrakPenyakit Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) adalah salah satu penyakit yang terkait dengan sistem imun. Penyakit SLE masih tergolong penyakit yang awam di Indonesia. Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya kasus SLE di Indonesia, antara lain belum terpenuhinya kebutuhan pasien dan keluarganya tentang informasi, pendidikan, dan dukungan yang terkait dengan SLE. Hal ini diperlukan agar pasien mudah dalam penanganan penyakit terkait. Artikel dikumpulkan melalui database elektronik CINAHL, ScienceDirect, dan Proquest menggunakan kata kunci manajemen diri, sistemik lupus erythemathosus, kelelahan, dan depresi. Kriteria inklusi adalah penelitian terhadap jurnal yang diterbitkan pada periode antara tahun 2008-2017. Upaya mengurangi efek negatif penyakit kronis mutlak diperlukan. Salah satunya adalah penerapan program manajemen diri pada pasien SLE. Telah terbukti bahwa penerapan manajemen diri memiliki efek dalam mengurangi kelelahan dan depresi, dan meningkatkan keterampilan mengatasi dan efikasi diri. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang program keperawatan yang relevan dalam pengelolaan penyakit kronis harus dikembangkan dalam lingkup praktik dan penelitian. Oleh karena itu, partisipasi aktif pasien dan keluarga merupakan komponen penting dalam keberhasilan program pengobatan. Kata kunci : depresi, kelelahan, manajemen diri, regulasi diri, dan sistemik lupus erythemathosus Abstract  Self Regulation in Chronic Illness - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Literature Review. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of the diseases that associated with immune system. SLE is still classified as a disease that lay in Indonesia. Many factors that cause this disease are not detected, one of which has not fulfilled the needs of patients and family of information, education, and support that is associated with SLE. This is necessary to enable the patient in self-management related illness. Articles were collected through electronic databases CINAHL, Science Direct, and ProQuest using keywords self-management, systemic lupus erythematosus, fatigue, and depression. The inclusion criteria were studies to journals published in the period between the years 2008-2017. Efforts to reduce the negative effects of chronic disease is absolutely necessary. One is the application of self-management program in patients with SLE. It has been proven that the application has an effect in reducing fatigue and depression, and increasing coping skills and self-efficacy. Knowledge and understanding of relevant nursing programs in chronic disease self-management should be developed within the scope of practice and research. So that the active participation of the patient and family is an important component in the success of a treatment program. Keywords : depression,  fatigue, self management, self regulation, and systemic lupus erythemathos
Introduction: Age estimation of marine mammals with a focus on monodontids
Authors: Lockyer Christina H. , Hohn Aleta A. , Hobbs Roderick C. , Stewart Robert E. A.
Published: August 2018

Introduction to Volume 10: Age estimation of marine mammals with a focus on monodontids
Eocene Western European endemic genus Thaumastosaurus: new insights into the question “Are the Ranidae known prior to the Oligocene?”
Authors: Vasilyan Davit
Published: August 2018

Background

Amphibians, due to their ecophysiological peculiarities, have a physiology dependent on environmental conditions and sensitively respond to their changes. Here, the oldest record of the genus Thaumastosaurus is described, whose fossil record known exclusively from Western Europe is discussed in the scope of the climatic changes of 33.5–40.5 Ma.

Results

In the present paper, the fossil remains of the genus from three localities in Switzerland (11 samples overall) have been studied and referred to the species Thaumastosaurus bottii. Its stratigraphic distribution has been revised and summarised. The studied localities present the stratigraphically oldest and the most eastern occurrences of the genus Thaumastosaurus. Eocene probable ranids (Ranidae indet./Rana sp./? Rana sp.) from Europe could be referred to Thaumastosaurus.

Discussion

Their first occurrence of ranids most likely coincides with a warm phase of the global climate at 40 Ma, as tropical conditions were prevailing in Europe. As a result of the gradual cooling of the global climate, the tropical conditions in Europe were replaced by drier open habitats towards the latest Eocene at 34 Ma, when the latest occurrence of the European endemic genus Thaumastosaurus is known. Taking the fossil record and the climate evolution of that time into account, it can be concluded that Thaumastosaurus represents one of the groups among the vertebrates that disappeared during the large extinction event at the Eo–Oligocene transition, known as the Grande Coupure. The fossil finds of the genus from the studied localities allow to refer the previously suggested Eocene true frogs to the genus Thaumastosaurus, hereby stating the arrival of the true frog family Ranidae by the genus Pelophylax in Europe from the east at the earliest Oligocene.
Prognostic Impact of Perineural Invasion in Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kim Chang Hyun , Yeom Seung‐Seop , Lee Soo Young , Kim Hyeong Rok , Kim Young Jin , Lee Kyung Hwa , Lee Jae Hyuk
Published: August 2018

Background

Perineural invasion (PNI) has emerged as an important factor related to colorectal cancer spread; however, the impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) on PNI remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the prognostic value of PNI, along with lymphovascular invasion (LVI), in rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT.

Methods

This single‐center observational study of pathologic variables, including PNI and LVI, analyzed 1411 invasive rectal cancer patients (965 and 446 patients treated with primary resection and nCRT, respectively).

Results

The overall detection rates of LVI and PNI were 16.7 and 28.8%, respectively. The incidence of LVI was significantly lower in patients treated with nCRT (8.1 vs. 20.6%, P < .001); this was confirmed by multivariate analysis. However, PNI was not affected by nCRT (with nCRT 28.3% vs. without nCRT 29.1%, P = .786). In the 446 patients with nCRT, multivariate analysis revealed that PNI was an independent prognostic factor for both disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). For the prediction of both 5‐year DFS and OS, the C‐index for the combinations of T‐stage with the PNI (TPNI) system showed favorable result, especially in patients with a total number of harvested lymph nodes <8.

Conclusion

PNI is a meaningful prognostic factor for rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT, especially when <8 lymph nodes are harvested. The lack of influence of nCRT on the PNI incidence suggests that residual tumor cells with PNI are more radioresistant or biologically aggressive than those without.
Investigating Turkish university students’ attitudes towards refugees in a time of Civil War in neighboring Syria
Authors: Aktas Vezir , Tepe Yeliz Kındap , Persson Roland S.
Published: August 2018

Thousands of refugees have immigrated to Turkey because of the current Civil War in neighboring Syria. This is causing tensions between refugees and locals. These increasingly negative attitudes towards the incoming victims of conflict are of particular interest. The present study, therefore, aimed at determining the premises of the emergence of such negative attitudes. The research sample consisted of university students who all studied at various faculties at Cumhuriyet University in the Turkish province of Sivas. Data were collected by the Attitude Scale Towards Refugees, the Patriotism Attitude Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Cirhinlioğlu Religiosity Scale. Data were analyzed by Independent Samplet-tests as well as using Stepwise Regression Analyses. Results showed that the feeling of empathy correlated negatively with negative attitudes towards refugees, while blind patriotism, religiosity, and having nationalist/conservative orientations, correlated positively. Men were found to be more negative than women. The feeling of empathy was the most prominent factor in predicting the nature of attitudes towards refugees. Religious doctrine and distancing oneself from conservative and patriotic perspectives appeared to be effective in potentially preventing the development of negative attitudes. In conclusion, research results are discussed in the light of relevant literature.
Herzinsuffizienz mit «mid-range» Auswurffraktion: Eine neue klinische Entität?
Authors: Rickenbacher Peter
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die neue Kategorie der Herzinsuffizienz (HI) mit mid-range linksventrikulärer Auswurffraktion (LVEF) ist definiert als klinisches Syndrom, charakterisiert durch typische Symptome und allenfalls Befunde der HI, einer LVEF von 40 – 49 %, erhöhten natriuretischen Peptiden und dem Nachweis einer strukturellen Herzkrankheit (heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, HFmrEF). Die Prävalenz liegt bei 10 – 20 % aller Patienten mit HI. Patienten mit HFmrEF weisen im Vergleich zu den Populationen mit HI und verminderter (HFrEF) sowie erhaltener (HFpEF) LVEF im Allgemeinen «intermediäre» klinische Charakteristika auf. Eine koronare Herzkrankheit als Ätiologie der HI ist bei HFmrEF signifikant häufiger als bei HFpEF und ähnlich häufig wie bei HFrEF. Die Prognose ist wie bei den anderen HI Entitäten ungünstig. Die HFmrEF scheint häufig ein transitorisches Stadium von oder zu HFrEF, respektive HFpEF zu sein. Präliminäre Daten deuten auf einen möglichen Nutzen der evidenzbasierten medikamentösen Therapie der HFrEF auch bei HFmrEF hin.
Rehabilitation und nicht-medikamentöse Behandlung bei Herzinsuffizienz (exklusive Devices)
Authors: Schmid Jean-Paul
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Das multidisziplinäre Management des Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz in einem strukturierten kardialen Rehabilitationsprogramm hat sich in den letzten Jahren nebst der medikamentösen und der Device-Therapie einen festen Platz gesichert. In den europäischen Richtlinien wird der Besuch dieser Programme mit einer Klasse I, Evidenz A Indikation empfohlen. Aus verschiedenen Gründen erfolgt die Zuweisung in die entsprechenden Programme allerdings weiterhin nur zögerlich. Dabei hat sich das körperliche Training als zentrales Element der nicht-medikamentösen Behandlung etabliert. Nebst Verbesserung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit und der Lebensqualität sowie Reduktion der Hospitalisationsrate ist ebenfalls eine Verbesserung der Prognose möglich.
Heterogeneous catalysis based on supramolecular association
Authors: Parvulescu Vasile I. , García Hermenegildo
Published: August 2018

Non-covalent assembly of individual components can develop a material with activity to promote the transformation of substrates into products.
Dissolved oxygen and nitrate effects on the reduction and removal of divalent mercury by pumice supported nanoscale zero-valent iron
Authors: Qasim Ghulam Hussain , Lee Sangwook , Lee Giehyeon , Lee Woojin , Hong Yongseok , Han Seunghee
Published: August 2018

Absence of dissolved oxygen and presence of nitrate in groundwater increases Hg(0) during the Hg(ii) removal using pumice supported nZVI.
Novel hybrids derived from aspirin and chalcones potently suppress colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lu Shan , Obianom Obinna N. , Ai Yong
Published: August 2018

Novel hybrids derived from aspirin and chalcones were designed and synthesized. 7h had potent and selective anti-proliferative activity against CRC cells in vitro. 7h induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CRC cells. 7h significantly inhibited the growth of implanted CRC cancer in mice.
Tuning the biomimetic performances of 4-hydroxyproline-containing cyclic peptoids
Authors: Schettini R. , Costabile C. , Della Sala G. , Buirey J. , Tosolini M. , Tecilla P. , Vaccaro M. C. , Bruno I. , De Riccardis F. , Izzo I.
Published: August 2018

Five new cyclic peptoids containing (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues have been designed and synthesized using a mixed “submonomer/monomer” approach.
A miniaturized solid salt reverse electrodialysis battery: a durable and fully ionic power source
Authors: Yeon Song Yi , Yun Jeongse , Yoon Sun-heui , Lee Dahye , Jang Woohyuk , Han Seok Hee , Kang Chung Mu , Chung Taek Dong
Published: August 2018

A convenient, miniaturized reverse electrodialysis battery to provide long-lasting and reliable ionic electricity is developed.
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots for light-emitting devices
Authors: Chiba Takayuki , Kido Junji
Published: August 2018

In this review, we focus on current progress of LHP-QD based LEDs, issue and challenge for high efficiency and high stability LEDs.
The X-ray catalog of spectroscopically identified Galactic O stars
Authors: Nebot Gómez-Morán A. , Oskinova L. M.
Published: August 2018

The X-ray emission of O-type stars was first discovered in the early days of the Einstein satellite. Since then many different surveys have confirmed that the ratio of X-ray to bolometric luminosity in O-type stars is roughly constant, but there is a paucity of studies that account for detailed information on spectral and wind properties of O-stars. Recently a significant sample of O stars within our Galaxy was spectroscopically identified and presented in the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSS). At the same time, a large high-fidelity catalog of X-ray sources detected by the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope was released. Here we present the X-ray catalog of O stars with known spectral types and investigate the dependence of their X-ray properties on spectral type as well as stellar and wind parameters. We find that, among the GOSS sample, 127 O-stars have a unique XMM-Newton source counterpart and a Gaia data release 2 (DR2) association. Terminal velocities are known for a subsample of 35 of these stars. We confirm that the X-ray luminosities of dwarf and giant O stars correlate with their bolometric luminosity. For the subsample of O stars with measure terminal velocities we find that the X-ray luminosities of dwarf and giant O stars also correlate with wind parameters. However, we find that these correlations break down for supergiant stars. Moreover, we show that supergiant stars are systematically harder in X-rays compared to giant and dwarf O-type stars. We find that the X-ray luminosity depends on spectral type, but seems to be independent of whether the stars are single or in a binary system. Finally, we show that the distribution of log(LX/Lbol) in our sample stars is non-Gaussian, with the peak of the distribution at log(LX/Lbol) ≈ −6.6.
Legal efforts to protect home workers in North Sumatra
Authors: Agusmidah  , Ningsih Suria , Herlinda Erna
Published: August 2018

Home workers without legal protection isan international phenomenon. North Sumatra Province encounters a similar problem because this province is a strategic area for investment. Its climate, land, natural resources, and the number of the labor force are several reasons which may attract investment in North Sumatra. This problem relates to the legal basis to establishlocal regulationconcerning protection to home workers. This is because the central government has not regulated this issue in the Act No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower. Therefore, this empirical juridical study will explain the legal efforts which have been done by the community to encourage the formulation of local regulation which can protect home workers. The analysis was conducted qualitatively by describing such efforts, including forming the communities of home workers so that they can be provided with training, advocation, accompaniment, and involvement in each stage of drafting the local regulation. In addition, political approaches were also performed continuously, such as voicing opinions to the Regional Representative Council (DPRD), Department of Manpower, and academics. Although these efforts have not received a positive outcome for the enactment of the local regulation, this article will give an idea that the legal issues of home workers particularly in North Sumatra still must be strived.
Motor vehicle lease agreement with fiduciary warranty
Authors: Agustining  , Natasya Sirait Ningrum
Published: August 2018

Purchasing motor vehicles with instalment (credit) is currently becoming favourite choice by many people including people who live in plantation and agriculture area. There are several reasons, such as easy pre-requirements, low down payment and saving time. The financing institutions that generally deal with motor vehicle credit are financing companies and banks. Although, they are different in their operational legal basis, in practice, financing company and bank fall under the category of fiduciary warranty agreements. This study focus on the potential fraud on law in financing of capital goods. This study used the normative and empirical legal research methods. In the end of the study, it found that it used loan financing with fiduciary guarantee not a lease agreement. As a consequence, the use of fiduciary warranty by financing company in a lease does not accord with the law and considered to be illegal. Last but not least the study found that Ministry of Finance and the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) as supervisory agencies financing business must to ensure law enforcement, certainty and effective oversight. OJK should provides sanctions for financing companies which do not comply in accordance with the legal provisions.
Legal protection for women environmental activists in urban areas
Authors: Nafi Tien Handayani , Lestarini Ratih , Inayati  , Tirtawening  , Wulandhary Succi , Aini Intan Nurul , Utari Dyah
Published: August 2018

Men and women have equal rights, duties, and degrees in protecting and fighting for the rights of environment. However, in fact, it is men who dominate most conservation and environmental management activities. Even though, women’s roles in environmental conservation activities are also no less great than men’s given their high sense of empathy and care for the environment. This makes women taking more actions to protect the environment itself, but they often get so many threats, physical harass, even murder threats from those who feel threatened by their actions; and it already happened for a long time, and it still does until now. This should be overcome as soon as possible to prevent more women be the next victim. This research used SWOT analysis to determine the strategies for protecting women environmental activists in urban areas. The SWOT calculation results indicate that there is a need for progressive rules in guaranteeing women’s rights so as to be able to engage in the process of environmental conservation in their respective regions.
Econometric analysis of technical efficiency of pearl millet farmers in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Mukhtar Umar , Mohamed Zainalabidin , Shamsuddin Mad Nasir , Sharifuddin Juwaidah , Bala Muhammad
Published: August 2018

In Nigeria, particularly the northern parts, pearl millet is a traditional crop that is very important to nation’s food security. Empirical evidence indicates that the main problem in pearl millet production in Nigeria is associated with low productivity and inefficiency in allocation of resources. This study therefore sought to analyse the Technical Efficiency (TE) of pearl millet farmers in Kano State of Nigeria, being the state with highest concentration of pearl millet farmers. SFA approach is used on a data collected from 256 randomly sampled pearl millet farmers during 2013/2014 cropping season. The study discovers that all the production inputs/variables included in the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier function with exception of agrochemicals were positively and significantly associated with TE. The TE range of 21% to 94% and mean TE of 73% were obtained from the analysis. The study also reveals that access to credit, education, extension and household size were the major contributors to TE. This therefore calls for formulation of appropriate policy that would extend these key determinants of TE which would go a long way in improving farmers’ efficiency level and economic benefits. This study contributes the first SFA approach in estimating TE of pearl millet farmers in Kano State, Nigeria, which can effectively help in addressing food insecurity problem in the country.
Criminal policy on cyberbullying toward children
Authors: Frensh Wenggedes , Mulyadi Mahmud
Published: August 2018

Currently, the information and communication technology is experiencing a rapid development. Technological advances also trigger a variety of crimes (cybercrime). Cybercrime is a term that refers to criminal activities using computer and its network. One of the developing cybercrimes today is cyberbullying. The National Conference of State Legislatures describes this crime as an act of harassing and threatening others intentionally and repeatedly. In developed countries, serious efforts have been made to combat cyberbullying. While the awareness of cyberbullying threat as a crime is still low in Indonesia, there is no clear legal rule regarding this crime. This study used the theory of criminal policy and theory of criminal law reform. There are two impacts caused by the absence of the law. First, the difficulty of running a criminal policy. Second, cyberbullying has a psychological impact on victims such as a frustration, a depression, and even a suicidal intention. The result of the research showed that in terms of a penal policy, Indonesia applies the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) No.19 of 2016 in dealing with cyberbullying with cyberharassment type in article 27 paragraph 3 and cyberstalking in article 27 paragraph 4 after comparing with Arkansas code 2012 § 5-71-217. In terms of a non-penal policy, moral approach, technological approach, and media role are used.
Zwischen Sehnsucht, Medien und Realität
Authors: Beate Martin HP
Published: August 2018

Jugendliche verhüten beim Sex sicherer als die Gruppe der jungen Erwachsenen zwischen 25 und 35 Jahren. Der Konsum von Pornographie lässt meist nach, wenn sich Jugendliche in einer festen Partnerschaft befinden. Sexualitätsbegleitung hilft unter anderem, um Mythen wie „je größer der Penis, umso besser der Sex“ zu korrigieren.
„Wir leben alle vorwärtsgewandt, verstehen aber erst im Rückblick.“
Authors: Böser Christian
Published: August 2018

Der tschechische Psychiater Dr. Pavel Vodák (1920–2002) erlebte die europäische Geschichte seiner Zeit hautnah. Vor seinem Tod schrieb er sein ereignisreiches Leben nieder. Diese Aufzeichnungen sind die Grundlage des Romans „Das hungrige Krokodil“, den die Heilpraktikerin für Psychotherapie, Journalistin und Schreibtherapeutin Sandra Brökel geschrieben hat.
Kompetenz statt Anpassung
Authors: Diana Gallmeier HP
Published: August 2018

Frontalunterricht mit vorgegebenen Inhalten, defizitorientierte Betrachtung und Notendruck fördern bei vielen Jugendlichen ein Gefühl des Versagens und der Hilflosigkeit. Durch Lob und das Erleben eigener Selbstwirksamkeit und Kompetenz können Jugendliche wieder Freude und Interesse am Lernen entwickeln – und damit auch Aufmerksamkeit und Erfolge. Zu den bewährten Therapien bei Schulleistungsstörungen zählen Lerntherapie, Psychoedukation sowie die Gesprächs- und Neurofeedbacktherapie.
Preservation of Animal Cadavers with a Formaldehyde-free Solution for Gross Anatomy
Authors: Tamayo-Arango Lynda , Garzón-Alzate Anderson
Published: August 2018

Motivated by the current health safety regulations at Universidad de Antioquia, our laboratory changed the animal cadavers preserving solution based on formaldehyde, methanol, glycerin and phenol to a formula based on 85% ethanol, 10% glycerin, and 5% benzalkonium chloride. A total of 33 donated cadavers were preserved with this formula so far: 4 goats, 16 dogs, 3 cats and 10 bovine fetuses. Red and blue latex dyes were injected into the vascular systems. Small cadavers were first injected with latex, followed by muscular and intracavitary injection with the preservation fluid and immersion in 96% ethanol. Large cadavers were vascularly injected, wrapped in plastic bags and vascularly repleted with latex during the next 8 days. Samples were taken for microbiological analysis from 3 cadavers: 1 cadaver wrapped with plastic for 2 months, 1 cadaver immersed for 4 months, and 1 cadaver after 15 days of perfusion. The first way to preserve cadavers was more time-consuming, but it rendered cadavers with a more thorough distribution of latex on small arteries and veins. An enhanced flexibility of joints and tissues promoted an easier dissection process, even of the most distal regions, allowing the movement of tendons along their sheaths. Also, a better color preservation was observed in spite of a darkening after the tissues were exposed to the air. There was no gross evidence of decay from bacterial or fungal growth, and the cultures were negative. The most important advantage of this formula is its lower toxicity and cost.
Finite element analysis of dielectric elastomer membranes using shell elements
Authors: Gu Gunmo , Lai Zhihui
Published: August 2018

We have developed several efficient finite element analysis (FEA) techniques for modelling the electro-mechanical properties of a dielectric elastomer membrane (DEM) using shell elements. We performed a uniaxial tensile test and a static normal loading test to validate the FEA and obtained results consistent with physical experiments. We then conducted a dynamic normal loading test and FEA in order to measure the variable capacitance and energy harvesting potential of a DEM. We converted the deformed shell elements of the FEA model into capacitance elements using a Python program in post-processing. The predicted voltage output based on FEA compares well with the experimental measurements. The FEA techniques described herein can therefore be used to predict both the mechanical behaviour and the voltage output of a DEM in a cost-effective manner.
Exploration of magnetic shape memory alloys in Ga2MoX (X = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) systems: A first-principles study
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Xiong , Xue Yanhong , Chen Yifei
Published: August 2018

To investigate the possibility of the existence of magnetic shape memory alloys in Ga2MoX (X = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) systems, we study the structural, magnetic, electronic, and mechanical properties of the alloys by performing first-principles calculations. Four new magnetic shape memory alloys, Ga2MoX (X = Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co), are found with a martensitic phase as their ground state. The stability of the martensitic phase of Ga2MoX (X = Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) alloys is ascertained on the basis of the total energy difference, density of states, tetragonal shear modulus, and elastic anisotropy ratio. Our study shows that Ga2MoX (X = Cr, Mn, and Fe) have higher martensitic start temperatures and lower brittleness in comparison to the well-known material Ni2MnGa.
Meat quality and chemical assessment of porcine longissimus dorsi within different muscle pH
Authors: Kang D. R. , Belal S. A. , Cho E. S. R. , Kang H. N. , Jung J. H. , Choi Y. I. , Jung Y. C. , Na C. S. , Song K. D. , Lee H. K. , Choe H. S. , Shim K. S.
Published: August 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of pH on the Berkshire’s pork longissimus dorsi muscle, by comparing physicochemical characteristics in a high pH group (5.92 ± 0.02) and a low pH group (5.55 ± 0.03) on the basis of muscle pH24 h post-mortem. Fifteen pigs were assigned to each group (n = 15). The low pH group showed higher filter-paper fluid uptake, cooking loss and National Pork Producers Council marbling scores but did not significantly differ from the high pH group (P > 0.05). The low pH group also showed higher Commission International de l’Eclairage L* and b*, drip loss, and shearing forces were significantly different from the high pH group. However, Commission International de l’Eclairage meat colour value (a*) and National Pork Producers Council colour were higher in the high pH group. The content of glutamic acid, threonine, and serine amino acids associated with a good flavour was higher in the high pH group. Also, amino acids associated with a bitter or poor flavour, such as valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, and histidine, was higher in the high pH group as well. The taste of umami was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the high pH group. Levels of the nucleotide compounds hypoxanthine and inosine tended to be higher (P < 0.05) in the high pH group, whereas adenosine diphosphate levels were increased in the low pH group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that pH of pork could be a good indicator of pork quality and related to factors influencing pork eating quality. As pH of pork is not only positively associated with physical traits of pork but also closely related to chemical traits of which higher free amino acids and nucleotides enhance pork quality.
The “Second” Bride
Authors: Lee Zi-ying , Liao Min-Hsiu
Published: August 2018

This article contributes to the discussion of retranslation in Translation Studies through a case study on the retranslation of romance novels in Taiwan. Although retranslation has received some attention from translation researchers, most of the existing studies are based on examples of classic literature. In contrast, popular fiction like the romance novel remains relatively under-researched. In this article, paratextual analysis is applied to the publishing environment and marketing strategies for romance novels in order to explain why works of this genre – which are usually regarded as cheap and “throwaway” – are retranslated and how consumers are motivated to purchase such products. The findings suggest that the retranslation of best-selling romantic novels is a low-cost and low-risk investment for the publishers concerned. Such retranslations are promoted through three channels: via the branding of the retranslation as a “classic”; by persuading readers to believe that the retranslated version is more faithful to the original, and thus superior; and by introducing a different mode of consumption – a shift away from renting and towards the purchase of novels. It is argued that, for commercially-driven retranslations, market factors rather than the inherent features of the texts concerned provide a clearer explanation for the phenomenon of retranslation.
Lear’s questions revisited
Authors: Busse Ulrich
Published: August 2018

This paper applies a pragmatic approach to King Lear’s questions. To this end the communicative function of different types of
questions is worked out first. In a second step Lear’s questions are correlated to the dramatic development of the play. In terms
of dramatic text construction, the two questions from the opening of the play – “Which of you shall we say doth love us most”
(1.1.51) – and from the play’s final act – “Why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life, / And thou no breath at all?”
(5.3.305–6) – epitomise the complete change of the tragic hero from a more than self-assured person and instigator of his tragic
downfall to a human being whose beliefs are shattered.
Taming iconicity in the Spanish and Italian translations of Shakespeare’sSonnets
Authors: Gonzálvez-García Francisco
Published: August 2018

Building on Tabakowska’s (1993,2003,2005,2009,2013) full-blown defense of a cognitive linguistic approach to literary translation as well as on previous research dealing with the implementations of Construction Grammar(s) for translation studies (Szymańska 2011a,2011b;Serbina 2015), this paper critically examines the role of iconicity in selected lines from Shakespeare’sSonnetscapitalizing on the passage of Time-Death and their corresponding translations in present-day Spanish and Italian. Specifically, drawing on Cognitive Construction Grammar (Goldberg 2006) and Contrastive Construction Grammar (Boas 2010a;Boas & Gonzálvez-García 2014), I focus on instances of secondary predication with verbs of sensory perception, causative constructions and aspectual constructions iconically connected with the above-mentioned motif and demonstrate that iconicity emerges as a very useful communicative ‘filter’ that can help to minimize any undesirable arbitrariness which may obscure the semantico-pragmatic interpretation of the source text and/or its rendering into the target text.
The cognitive potential of antithesis
Authors: Shurma Svitlana , Lu Wei-lun
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates the working of antithesis in Shakespeare’s most famous soliloquy “To be, or not to be” and its three Ukrainian translations. In cognitive poetics, antithesis is often viewed as a verbal variety of conceptual oxymoron. However, this paper argues for distinguishing antithesis from conceptual oxymoron based on consideration of the different processes at work behind their creation and reading. Significantly, in antithesis the emergent meaning retains the dichotomy of two input spaces rather than creating a new one, as happens in conceptual oxymoron. In this context, we consider antithesis in English-Ukrainian translations against the backdrop ofKaluża’s (1984)reflection on asymmetry and irreversibility in antithesis. As will be seen, renditions into Ukrainian change the perception of the original antithesis prompted by structural and semantic changes in the translations.
Italians contra catalans? Rerefons dantesc i circumstàncies històriques d'un episodi de Curial e Güelfa
Authors: Soler Molina Abel
Published: August 2018

L’episodi del torneig de Montferrat de Curial e Güelfa, on Curial el llombard i tres
catalans s’enfronten al napolità Boca de Far i tres italians, confuta el tòpic proverbial –reforçat per Dante en la Comèdia– de l’avara povertà de Catalunya, amb la moralitat “honor sens treball, bonament no ·s pot haver.” En aquest escenari, de catalans “pobres” contraposats al “gran senyor” napolità, l’escriptor evoca els noms de condottieri italians que s’oposaven a l’eix de poder Aragó-Visconti pel 1446, en vespres que la Corona d’Aragó optara a esdevenir “senyora de Milà”. Aquestes i altres coordenades historicoculturals fan pensar en una novel·la cavalleresca concebuda, d’acord amb la tesi tradicional, a la cort napolitana d’Alfons el Magnànim.
La ironia tropical de Josep Carner
Authors: Malé Jordi
Published: August 2018

L’objectiu d’aquest text és estudiar els articles escrits per Josep Carner des de
Costa Rica durant el període en què va ser cònsol a San José, entre octubre de 1924 i novembre de 1926, que van ser publicats a La Veu de Catalunya entre desembre de 1924 i desembre de 1926. S’hi analitzarà principalment l’ús de la ironia, a través de la qual Carner va expressar el seu judici crític sobre les terres i els costums tropicals, molt allunyats dels d’Europa.
Transgender identity labels in the British press
Authors: Zottola Angela
Published: August 2018

This contribution focuses on the linguistic representation of transgender people in the British press, through the analysis of a corpus of newspaper articles collected between 2013 and 2015. Within the framework of Queer Linguistics and Corpus-based Discourse Analysis, this study analyses the linguistic choices retraceable in the corpus under investigation, conveying a given representation of transgender individuals as social subjects. The analysis focuses on naming strategies and the collective representation of transgender identities.
L2 acquisition in childhood, adulthood and old age
Authors: Singleton David , Pfenninger Simone E.
Published: August 2018

This article deals with some misunderstandings about the age factor in second language acquisition which result from a reliance on an incomplete interpretation of relevant research findings. It begins with an exploration of the work of Penfield and Lenneberg and goes on to weigh recent evidence for and against the hypothesis of a “critical period” in the context of naturalistic second language acquisition. It then turns to the question of the effects of earlyinstructedsecond language learning. Finally, it addresses the issue of second language learning in late adulthood, summarizing the results of such empirical investigation as has been undertaken to date on this topic and arguing for more attention to be devoted to this area in the future.
‘Official language for intercultural ties’
Authors: Litzenberg Jason
Published: August 2018

This study considers the parallel expression of language policy toward Kichwa in the linguistic landscape of Yachay, two
administratively independent government-funded institutions in Ecuador. Although the institutions share a geographic location,
name, and goal of becoming a sciences and technology hub for Latin America, they maintain distinct identities through their
official signage, providing opportunity for consideration of how recent political and cultural ideologies toward Ecuador’s
language policy have been realized in the linguistic landscape of parallel institutions. Kichwa, a constitutionally-recognized
minority language of the region, is largely absent from the landscape, providing little more than a shared institutional
nomenclature. Instead, the language and culture are used as a commodity for promoting pan-Ecuadorian interculturality and
indigenous values, even if these values are not otherwise overtly supported. Kichwa thus represents the ‘traditional’ Ecuador,
while at the same time serves as the backbone in the formation of a collective, future-oriented national identity.
A typological approach to the encoding of motion events
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech
Published: August 2018

This study reports on findings from an elicited narrative task in which native speakers of three genetically different languages, German, Polish, and Spanish, were asked to describe motion scenes from an extract of Chaplin’s City Lights. The results show that linguistic typology has an important predictive power as far as narrative style is concerned; however, since typological generalizations usually refer to tendencies rather than sharp divisions between languages, it is crucial to pay attention to the specific resources of a given language available for describing a particular conceptual domain. Specifically, although German and Polish pertain to the same typological group (satellite-framed), as opposed to Spanish (verb-framed), they exploit their predominant lexicalization pattern in a different way, and this has an enormous impact on the narrative style.
Hawaiʻi Creole in the public domain
Authors: Saft Scott , Tebow Gabriel , Santos Ronald
Published: August 2018

In light of a belief that Hawaiʻi Creole (HC) is mostly inappropriate in public domains of society, this study examines how it was employed in two university commencement speeches by a local politician in Hawaiʻi. The analysis adopts the perspective of heteroglossia (Bakhtin 1981) in order to describe how HC is used together in the speeches with English and also some Hawaiian words. By focusing on the contrastive indexical meanings attached to all three languages, the analysis describes how the speaker combined humor and serious advice in his speeches. In particular, a focus is given to a specific feature of the HC grammar, the negative imperative, that was used by the speaker to underscore his main points. Discussion of the analysis considers the potential of the perspective of heteroglossia to understand the usage of HC in the public domain in Hawaiʻi to construct formal speeches of a decidedly ʻlocal’ style.
Analyzing the relationship and development of proficiency, derivational knowledge, and vocabulary size in Spanish L2 learners
Authors: Marcos Miguel Nausica
Published: August 2018

One dimension of knowing a word is recognizing its structure. Previous research, mostly on L2 English, has revealed a close link between derivational knowledge (DK) and vocabulary size. Nevertheless, the degree of the relationship as well as the effect of the learner’s L1 vary among these studies. The present study analyzes the development of DK in L1 English learners of L2 Spanish (n = 209) taking university level courses from second to seventh semester at a US institution. The measurements explore the complex nature of DK – i.e., relational, syntactic and distributional knowledge – in both receptive and productive mode. Results showed that proficiency rather than vocabulary size, i.e., knowledge of monomorphemic words, contributes to DK. While a full receptive knowledge of some suffixes can be acquired relatively early, this is not the case for productive knowledge. This study also provides some tools to measure DK without resorting to metalanguage.
From colonial dynamism to current transnationalism
Authors: Buschfeld Sarah , Kautzsch Alexander , Schneider Edgar W.
Published: August 2018

The ever-increasing dynamism of the diffusion of English calls for an integrated approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial Englishes and to new contexts such as transnational cyberspace, new media, or “grassroots” usage. We focus on major theoretical approaches to modelling World Englishes in the 21st century by briefly defining, discussing, and comparing older and more recent approaches to the theorizing of World Englishes, their scope and their mutual relationships, notably the “Dynamic Model”, “Transnational Attraction”, and the “Extra- and Intra-territorial Forces Model”. We discuss these approaches in relation to some examples and applications from especially post-postcolonial nations and contexts, including South-East Asia, Namibia and Germany, Cyprus and Greece, Bosnia-Herzegovina, social media (with examples from Facebook), fanfiction writing, and multiplayer online games.
Stabilising domains of English-language use in Germany
Authors: Mair Christian
Published: August 2018

The growing impact of English in Germany since World War II has largely been dealt with in terms of lexical borrowing. In contrast to this, the present contribution will focus on emerging domains of regular use of English, be it as a lingua franca or as part of multilingual repertoires. Two of these domains, English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) in higher education and English in business and industry, relate to the activities of social elites and have already attracted considerable scholarly attention. Data analysis will, therefore, focus on the diverse types of English-German language mixing which can be observed among two less prestigious and often marginalised groups, namely followers of urban youth cultural movements and the socially disparate group of recent arrivals in Germany from “Anglophone” West Africa. Taken together, these uses of English represent a challenge to the traditional monolingual sociolinguistic order of the nation state because they undermine it from without (increasingly globalised “markets” in business, education and the culture industry) and from within (increasing linguistic diversity of the country’s resident population). My analysis will draw on the “World System of Englishes” model (Mair 2013), enriched by the concept of transnational languagescapes, which I develop on the basis of work on cultural globalisation by Appadurai 1996; Loven 2009; and Pratt 2011.
Hybridity, globalisation and models of Englishes
Authors: van Rooy Bertus , Kruger Haidee
Published: August 2018

Current models of Englishes face empirical challenges, such as multilingualism, hybrid varieties, complex identities, online communication and other consequences of globalisation, alongside a number of conceptual and methodological challenges. In this chapter, we explicate these challenges, and offer a corpus-linguistic analysis of interactive, online data from South Africa, in an attempt to expand current models. The data reveal that a shared pool of English resources form the core of the online interactions, but this is supplemented by resources from a global online repertoire, global and local non-standard English forms, and forms from other South African languages. Users make selections from these resources, to communicate and align with other users, and in the process, express their hybrid, complex identities by combining these resources. An adequate model has to provide for a diverse resource pool, selection processes and the eventual diversity of text types emerging from communicative interactions.
It is time that this (should) be studied across a broader range of Englishes
Authors: Hundt Marianne
Published: August 2018

In subordinate clauses after mandatives such as recommend or require, English speakers can choose between a subjunctive or a modal construction. Studies of this alternation in second-language varieties of English (ESL) are scarce. Previous research looked at the distribution of subjunctives across varieties, speech and writing, their co-occurrence with passive voice and individual triggers. However, these factors have not been studied as predictor variables for the subjunctive: modal alternation. This study uses corpus data from the International Corpus of English and the Global Web-based English corpus to model the relative strength of external predictor variables for the mandative alternation across a broad range of Englishes. The findings do not lend themselves to straightforward interpretation within an individual model of World Englishes.