bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of A and B Influenza Viruses by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Machine Learning
Authors: Tabarov Artem , Vitkin Vladimir , Andreeva Olga , Shemanaeva Arina , Popov Evgeniy , Dobroslavin Alexander , Kurikova Valeria , Kuznetsova Olga , Grigorenko Konstantin , Tzibizov Ivan , Kovalev Anton , Savchenko Vitaliy , Zheltuhina Alyona , Gorshkov Andrey , Danilenko Daria
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the possibility of applying surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning technology to detect and differentiate influenza type A and B viruses in a buffer environment. The SERS spectra of the influenza viruses do not possess specific peaks that allow for their straight classification and detection. Machine learning technologies (particularly, the support vector machine method) enabled the differentiation of samples containing influenza A and B viruses using SERS with an accuracy of 93% at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The minimum detectable concentration of the virus in the sample using the proposed approach was ~0.05 μg/mL of protein (according to the Lowry protein assay), and the detection accuracy of a sample with this pathogen concentration was 84%.
LAMP-Based Point-of-Care Biosensors for Rapid Pathogen Detection
Authors: Das Dhrubajyoti , Lin Cheng-Wen , Chuang Han-Sheng
Published: November 2022

Seeking optimized infectious pathogen detection tools is of primary importance to lessen the spread of infections, allowing prompt medical attention for the infected. Among nucleic-acid-based sensing techniques, loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a promising method, as it provides rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of microbial and viral pathogens and has enormous potential to transform current point-of-care molecular diagnostics. In this review, the advances in LAMP-based point-of-care diagnostics assays developed during the past few years for rapid and sensitive detection of infectious pathogens are outlined. The numerous detection methods of LAMP-based biosensors are discussed in an end-point and real-time manner with ideal examples. We also summarize the trends in LAMP-on-a-chip modalities, such as classical microfluidic, paper-based, and digital LAMP, with their merits and limitations. Finally, we provide our opinion on the future improvement of on-chip LAMP methods. This review serves as an overview of recent breakthroughs in the LAMP approach and their potential for use in the diagnosis of existing and emerging diseases.
A Hemin–Graphene Nanocomposite-Based Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Quantification of Leukaemia Cells Using Magnetic Enrichment
Authors: Su Jing , Zhang Liqiang , Lai Luogen , Zhu Wufu , Hu Chong
Published: November 2022

Diagnostic blood cell counting is of limited use in monitoring a minimal number of leukaemia cells, warranting further research to develop more sensitive and reliable techniques to identify leukaemia cells in circulation. In this work, a hemin–graphene nanocomposite-based aptasensor was developed for ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of leukaemia cells (CEM) using magnetic enrichment. Hemin-conjugated graphene oxide nanocomposites (HGNs) were prepared by hydrazine reduction using graphene oxide nanosheets and hemins. Hence, the prepared HGNs become able to absorb single-stranded DNA and acquire peroxidase-like activity. The aptamer sgc8c, which recognizes a specific target on leukaemia cells, was absorbed onto HGNs to capture the target CEM cancer cells. The captured target cells that associated with the HGNs were then concentrated and separated by magnetic beads (MBs) coated with sgc8c aptamers, forming a HGN–cell–MB sandwich structure. These sandwich structures can be quantified via an oxidation reaction catalysed by HGNs. By utilizing dual signal amplification effects generated by magnetic enrichment and the improved peroxidase activity of HGNs, the biosensor allowed for highly sensitive detection of 10 to 105 CEM cells with an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 10 cells under optimal conditions. It is expected that the proposed aptasensor can be further employed in monitoring the minimal residual disease during the treatment of leukaemia.
The Role of Emotional Dysregulation, Impulsivity Traits and Aggressive Behaviors in Adolescents Who Sustain Multiple Motor-Vehicle Crashes
Authors: Cimino Silvia , Di Vito Paola , Cerniglia Luca
Published: November 2022

Adolescents tend to experience multiple motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs). Recent literature has thoroughly explored the psychological consequences following an MVC, but prior psychological functioning, the ability to regulate one’s emotions and tendencies to impulsivity and aggressive behaviors have been far less explored. This study aims to explore the emotional–behavioral functioning, measured with the Youth Self-Report (YSR); emotional dysregulation, measured with the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS); impulsivity traits, measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11); and the capacity to be mindful, measured with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), in adolescents that have experienced one or more MVCs in a year. N = 295 adolescents who visited an emergency department for MVCs were divided in two groups based on the number of MVCs they had sustained over the course of a year. The adolescents in Group 1 sustained more than three MVCs, and adolescents in Group 2 sustained only one. Participants were assessed through self-report questionnaires. Adolescents showed difficulties in emotional regulation, impulsivity traits, aggressive behaviors and a low capacity to be mindful. These results may be useful in the creation of intervention and prevention programs focused on emotional awareness targets for adolescents.
The Acquisition of /ɪ/–/iː/ Is Challenging: Perceptual and Production Evidence from Cypriot Greek Speakers of English
Authors: Georgiou Georgios P.
Published: November 2022

This study aims to investigate the perception and production of the English /ɪ/–/iː/ vowel contrast by Cypriot Greek speakers of English as a second language (L2). The participants completed a classification test in which they classified the L2 vowels in terms of their first language (L1) categories, a discrimination test in which they distinguished the members of the vowel contrast, and a production test in which they produced the target vowels. The results showed that they classified both L2 /ɪ/–/iː/ mostly in terms of L1 /i/, which denotes the formation of a completely overlapping contrast according to the theoretical framework of the Universal Perceptual Model (UPM), and that they could hardly distinguish the vowel pair. In addition, their productions deviated in most acoustic parameters from the corresponding productions of English controls. The findings suggest that /ɪ/–/iː/ may carry a universal marker of difficulty for speakers with L1s that do not possess this contrast. This distinction is difficult even for experienced L2 speakers probably because they had never been exposed to naturalistic L2 stimuli and they do not use the L2 that much in their daily life. Finally, the study verifies UPM’s predictions about the discriminability of the contrast and extends the model’s implications to speech production; when an L2 vowel contrast is perceived as completely overlapping, speakers activate a (near-) unified interlinguistic exemplar in their vowel space, which represents both L2 vowels.
Scheduling Optimization Using an Adapted Genetic Algorithm with Due Regard for Random Project Interruptions
Authors: Alekseytsev Anatoly V. , Nadirov Sodiqjon H.
Published: November 2022

Current socio-economic conditions impose certain requirements on construction and renovation projects that need new methods making evaluations of construction work performance schedules more reliable. Towards this end, the authors propose a consolidated methodology of construction work scheduling based on the interval estimation technique. The boundaries of the interval, as well as determining minimum and maximum construction time, are obtained by minimizing and maximizing the term of construction work performance by introducing random interruptions into successions of critical and subcritical works. Such reasons for interruptions as the failure of key construction machines, unavailability of labor resources, and accidental man-induced or natural impacts are considered. Risk calculations are employed to devise an approach to evaluating the reliability of construction schedules, including minor schedules designated for single-facility projects and major schedules developed for projects that encompass the construction of groups of buildings and structures. Projects on construction of monolithic reinforced concrete frames of buildings were used to verify the efficiency of the proposed approaches to work performance scheduling.
Cost–Benefit Analysis of Scan-vs-BIM-Based Quality Management
Authors: Kim Taewan , Yoon Youngjoon , Lee Byeongdo , Ham Namhyuk , Kim Jae-Jun
Published: November 2022

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and building information modeling (BIM) play an important role as smart construction technologies introduced to increase productivity in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. However, these smart construction technologies have not been well introduced due to their high initial investment cost and poor performance reliability. Therefore, this study presents the results of a cost–benefit analysis to prove the investment value of terrestrial laser scanning and building information modeling. First, the reliability of this study data was increased through a case analysis of a real-world multi-project conducted by a single organization. Second, this study quantitatively proposed the economic value of terrestrial laser scanning and building information modeling by applying cost–benefit analysis (CBA). The effects of the application of terrestrial laser scanning and building information modeling on manpower input and time reduction were quantitatively analyzed through the cost–benefit analysis. The results showed that the cash value flows of terrestrial laser scanning and building information modeling could be considered to make value-for-money decisions for the adoption of terrestrial laser scanning and building information modeling in construction engineering organizations.
Wavelength Dependence of the Photocatalytic Performance of Pure and Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts—A Reflection on the Importance of UV Excitability
Authors: Veréb Gábor , Gyulavári Tamás , Virág Orsolya , Alapi Tünde , Hernadi Klara , Pap Zsolt
Published: November 2022

The photocatalytic performances of doped and non-doped TiO2 photocatalysts (TiO2-s) were compared under solar and various types of artificial irradiation using phenol as a model contaminant. Non-doped (mainly anatase phase) TiO2-s had significantly higher photocatalytic efficiency than highly visible-light-active TiO2-s under natural solar irradiation. To explain these unexpected results, we measured the wavelength dependence of photocatalytic efficiency at six different wavelength ranges (λ = 300–650 nm). For this purpose, UV fluorescence tubes and five LED lights of different colors (violet, blue, green, yellow, and red) were used to activate the photocatalysts. The photon fluxes of the irradiation were measured, and apparent quantum yields were calculated for all irradiation conditions. The highest apparent quantum yield was 1.43% for our own TiO2 (prepared via flame hydrolysis) under UV irradiation. However, apparent quantum yields were significantly lower (by 1–2 orders of magnitude) in the visible range, even for the most visible-light-active TiO2.
Hydrogen Production through Bi-Reforming of Methane: Improving Ni Catalyst Performance via an Exsolution Approach
Authors: Matus Ekaterina , Sukhova Olga , Kerzhentsev Mikhail , Ismagilov Ilyas , Yashnik Svetlana , Ushakov Vladimir , Stonkus Olga , Gerasimov Evgeny , Nikitin Andrey , Bharali Pankaj , Ismagilov Zinfer
Published: November 2022

Hydrogen production through the bi-reforming of methane over exsolution-derived Ni catalysts has been studied. Nickel-based catalysts were prepared through the activation of (CeM)1−xNixOy (M = Al, La, Mg) solid solutions in a reducing gaseous medium. Their performance and resistance to coking under the reaction conditions were controlled by regulating their textural, structural, morphological, and redox properties through adjustments to the composition of the oxide matrix (M/Ce = 0–4; x = 0.2–0.8; y = 1.0–2.0). The role of the M-dopant type in the genesis and properties of the catalysts was established. The efficiency of the catalysts in the bi-reforming of methane increased in the following series of M: M-free < La < Al < Mg, correlating with the structural behavior of the nickel active component and the anti-coking properties of the support matrix. The preferred M-type and M/Ce ratio determined the best performance of (CeM)1−xNixOy catalysts. At 800 °C the optimum Ce0.6Mg0.2Ni0.2O1.6 catalyst provided a stable H2 yield of 90% at a high level of CO2 and CH4 conversions (>85%).
Egg-Shell-Type MgAl2O4 Pellet Catalyst for Steam Methane Reforming Reaction Activity: Effect of Pellet Preparation Temperature
Authors: Yu Yeon Jeong , Cho Eunkyung , Ko Chang Hyun
Published: November 2022

A pellet catalyst was prepared to be used in a large-scale steam methane reformer. Hydrotalcite powder (MG30) was used as a precursor to prepare MgAl2O4 pellet supports at different calcination temperatures. Ni-supported catalysts with egg-shell-type distribution were prepared on these pellet supports: Ni/sup-x (where x is the calcination temperature of the support with x = 1273, 1373, and 1473 K). Among them, Ni/sup-1473, which experienced the highest calcination temperature (1473 K), showed the highest methane conversion and lowest weight loss owing to carbon deposition. As a result, when the calcination temperature increased, the egg-shell thickness decreased, and the reducibility of the catalyst was enhanced. Although a small amount of Ni (3.5 wt%) was used, the egg-shell-type catalyst had superior catalytic activity and coke resistance. Therefore, the egg-shell-type catalyst using Ni as the active material and MgAl2O4 calcined at high temperature as the support is expected to be appropriate for large-scale industrial steam methane reforming reactions.
Tuning the Hydrophobicity and Lewis Acidity of UiO-66-NO2 with Decanoic Acid as Modulator to Optimise Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhang Yongzhao , Zhao Baiwen , Das Satarupa , Degirmenci Volkan , Walton Richard I.
Published: November 2022

Glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is important to the success of a biorefinery. Herein, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with the UiO-66 structure were synthesised with decanoic acid as the modulator and used as the catalyst to optimise HMF yield. PXRD, FTIR, and TGA/DSC techniques were applied to characterise the materials. The analysis results show that the materials assembled from the ligand 2-nitroterephthalic acid and hexameric Zr-oxo clusters contain decanoic acid chemically bound in the framework that influences porosity, Lewis acidity, and hydrophobicity. The materials exhibit excellent catalytic performance for HMF production from glucose in DMSO as solvent, attributed to their abundant defects and high hydrophobicity due to the addition of the decanoic acid modulator. Influences of catalyst dosages, reaction duration, and temperature were comprehensively investigated, leading to 98.1% conversion of glucose and 54.5% HMF yield under optimised reaction conditions. The catalytic conversion shows some deterioration after four cycles, yet the reaction selectivity displays no significant decline.
A Disturbed Siderophore Transport Inhibits Myxobacterial Predation
Authors: Dong Yijie , Dong Honghong , Feng Zengwei , Wang Xing , Yao Qing , Zhu Honghui
Published: November 2022

Background: Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of bacterial competition is a fundamental question. Iron is an essential trace nutrient that bacteria compete for. The most prevalent manner for iron scavenging is through the secretion of siderophores. Although tremendous efforts have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of siderophores biosynthesis, export, uptake, and regulation of siderophores, the ecological aspects of siderophore-mediated competition are not well understood. Methods: We performed predation and bacterial competition assays to investigate the function of siderophore transport on myxobacterial predation. Results: Deletion of msuB, which encodes an iron chelate uptake ABC transporter family permease subunit, led to a reduction in myxobacterial predation and intracellular iron, but iron deficiency was not the predominant reason for the decrease in the predation ability of the ∆msuB mutant. We further confirmed that obstruction of siderophore transport decreased myxobacterial predation by investigating the function of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase for siderophore biosynthesis, a TonB-dependent receptor, and a siderophore binding protein in M. xanthus. Our results showed that the obstruction of siderophores transport decreased myxobacterial predation ability through the downregulation of lytic enzyme genes, especially outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-specific proteins. Conclusions: This work provides insight into the mechanism of siderophore-mediated competition in myxobacteria.
The XPA Protein—Life under Precise Control
Authors: Krasikova Yuliya S. , Lavrik Olga I. , Rechkunova Nadejda I.
Published: November 2022

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a central DNA repair pathway responsible for removing a wide variety of DNA-distorting lesions from the genome. The highly choreographed cascade of core NER reactions requires more than 30 polypeptides. The xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein plays an essential role in the NER process. XPA interacts with almost all NER participants and organizes the correct NER repair complex. In the absence of XPA’s scaffolding function, no repair process occurs. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge about the XPA protein structure and analyze the formation of contact with its protein partners during NER complex assembling. We focus on different ways of regulation of the XPA protein’s activity and expression and pay special attention to the network of post-translational modifications. We also discuss the data that is not in line with the currently accepted hypothesis about the functioning of the XPA protein.
Molecular Mechanisms to Target Cellular Senescence in Aging and Disease
Authors: Marcozzi Serena , Beltrami Antonio , Malavolta Marco
Published: November 2022

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to several stressors, including DNA damage, increased cellular oxidative stress, telomere shortening, oncogene activation, and a deep epigenetic remodeling [...]
Oxygen Gradient Induced in Microfluidic Chips Can Be Used as a Model for Liver Zonation
Authors: Ghafoory Shahrouz , Stengl Christina , Kopany Stefan , Mayadag Mert , Mechtel Nils , Murphy Brennah , Schattschneider Sebastian , Wilhelmi Niklas , Wölfl Stefan
Published: November 2022

Availability of oxygen plays an important role in tissue organization and cell-type specific metabolism. It is, however, difficult to analyze hypoxia-related adaptations in vitro because of inherent limitations of experimental model systems. In this study, we establish a microfluidic tissue culture protocol to generate hypoxic gradients in vitro, mimicking the conditions found in the liver acinus. To accomplish this, four microfluidic chips, each containing two chambers, were serially connected to obtain eight interconnected chambers. HepG2 hepatocytes were uniformly seeded in each chamber and cultivated under a constant media flow of 50 µL/h for 72 h. HepG2 oxygen consumption under flowing media conditions established a normoxia to hypoxia gradient within the chambers, which was confirmed by oxygen sensors located at the inlet and outlet of the connected microfluidic chips. Expression of Hif1α mRNA and protein was used to indicate hypoxic conditions in the cells and albumin mRNA and protein expression served as a marker for liver acinus-like zonation. Oxygen measurements performed over 72 h showed a change from 17.5% to 15.9% of atmospheric oxygen, which corresponded with a 9.2% oxygen reduction in the medium between chamber1 (inlet) and 8 (outlet) in the connected microfluidic chips after 72 h. Analysis of Hif1α expression and nuclear translocation in HepG2 cells additionally confirmed the hypoxic gradient from chamber1 to chamber8. Moreover, albumin mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced from chamber1 to chamber8, indicating liver acinus zonation along the oxygen gradient. Taken together, microfluidic cultivation in interconnected chambers provides a new model for analyzing cells in a normoxic to hypoxic gradient in vitro. By using a well-characterized cancer cell line as a homogenous hepatocyte population, we also demonstrate that an approximate 10% reduction in oxygen triggers translocation of Hif1α to the nucleus and reduces albumin production.
Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Emerging Treatment Strategies
Authors: Kwon Destany K. , Kwatra Mohit , Wang Jing , Ko Han Seok
Published: November 2022

The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients with PD undergo dopamine replacement therapy using levodopa during the course of the disease’s progression. However, despite the fact that levodopa is the “gold standard” in PD treatments and has the ability to significantly alleviate PD symptoms, it comes with side effects in advanced PD. Levodopa replacement therapy remains the current clinical treatment of choice for Parkinson’s patients, but approximately 80% of the treated PD patients develop levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in the advanced stages of the disease. A better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of LID and possible means of improvement would significantly improve the outcome of PD patients, reduce the complexity of medication use, and lower adverse effects, thus, improving the quality of life of patients and prolonging their life cycle. This review assesses the recent advancements in understanding the underlying mechanisms of LID and the therapeutic management options available after the emergence of LID in patients. We summarized the pathogenesis and the new treatments for LID-related PD and concluded that targeting pathways other than the dopaminergic pathway to treat LID has become a new possibility, and, currently, amantadine, drugs targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, and surgery for PD can target the Parkinson’s symptoms caused by LID.
Design and Optimization of Electronic Nose Sensor Array for Real-Time and Rapid Detection of Vehicle Exhaust Pollutants
Authors: Tong Jin , Song Chengxin , Tong Tianjian , Zong Xuanjie , Liu Zhaoyang , Wang Songyang , Tan Lidong , Li Yinwu , Chang Zhiyong
Published: November 2022

Traditional vehicle exhaust pollutant detection methods, such as bench test and remote sensing detection, have problems such as large volume, high cost, complex process, long waiting time, etc. In this paper, according to the main components of vehicle exhaust pollutants, an electronic nose with 12 gas sensors was designed independently for real-time and rapid detection of vehicle exhaust pollutants. In order to verify that the designed electronic nose based on machine learning classification method can accurately identify the exhaust pollutants from different engines or different concentration levels from the same engine. After feature extraction of the collected data, Random Forest (RF) was used as the classifier, and the average classification accuracy reached 99.92%. This result proved that the designed electronic nose combined with RF method can accurately and sensitively judge the concentration level of vehicle exhaust pollutants.. Then, in order to enable the electronic nose to be vehicle-mounted and to achieve real-time and rapid detection of vehicle exhaust pollutants. We used Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross Validation (RFECV), Random Forest Feature Selector (RFFS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to optimize the sensor array. The results showed that these methods can effectively simplify the sensor array while ensuring the RF classifier’s classification recognition rate. After using RFECV and RFFS to optimize the sensor array, the RF classifier’s classification recognition rate of the optimized sensor arrays for vehicle exhaust pollutants reached 99.77% and 99.44%, respectively. The numbers of sensors in the optimized sensor arrays were six and eight respectively, which achieved the miniaturization and low-cost of the electronic nose. With the limitation of six sensors, RFECV is the best sensor array optimization method among the three methods.
Parenting Styles and Self-Esteem in Adolescent Cybervictims and Cyberaggressors: Self-Esteem as a Mediator Variable
Authors: Garaigordobil Maite , Navarro Raúl
Published: November 2022

Background: Family relationships and self-esteem are relevant variables into the understanding of cyberbullying. However, little is known about the mediating role of self-esteem in the connections between cyberbullying and parenting. The study had two goals: (1) to analyze the relation between being a cybervictim and/or cyberaggressor and self-esteem, parents’ acceptance/coercion, and parenting styles and (2) to explore whether self-esteem is a mediator in the relationship between parents’ acceptance/coercion and being a cybervictim/cyberaggressor. Method: The sample comprises 3026 Spanish adolescents (51.5% girls and 48.5% boys) aged 12–18 years (Mage = 14.39; SD = 1.69). The study has a cross-sectional design, retrospective ex-post with multiple measurements. Results: (1) cybervictims and cyberaggressors have low self-esteem, and their parents have a low level of involvement/acceptance and a high level of coercion/imposition towards their sons/daughters, (2) participants whose parents were authoritarian obtained significantly lower scores in self-esteem and higher scores in cybervictimization/cyberaggression, whereas those whose parents were indulgent obtained significantly higher scores in self-esteem and lower scores in cybervictimization/cyberaggression, and (3) it was found a mediation of self-esteem in the relationship between the involvement/acceptance of both parents and being a cybervictim, as well as between the father’s coercion/imposition and being a cyberaggressor. Conclusion: An adequate level of self-esteem, high parental acceptance/involvement, and a reasonably low level of coercion/discipline as the parenting style can have very positive effects on the prevention of cyberbullying.
Assessment of Nutritional Risk at ICU Admission and Mortality in Patients with Suspected COVID-19
Authors: Pimentel Gustavo D. , Pichard Claude , Martins Paula M. , Franco Emanoelly P.
Published: November 2022

Background/Objectives: The association between the nutritional risk and mortality in Brazilians with COVID-19 is poorly documented. Therefore, this study, for the first time, aimed at investigating the length of stay in the ICU and the chance of dying in patients with suspected COVID-19, without and with nutritional risk. Subjects/Methods: This retrospective monocentric study enrolled adult, COVID-19-positive patients that were admitted to the ICU at a university hospital. Biochemical analysis and clinical data were collected from medical records and the nutritional risk was assessed according to the Modified-Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score. The Cox model was used to assess the chance of mortality in the patients with and without nutritional risk. Results: Out of 71 patients, 63.3% were male and 52% were older (≥60 years). Although no differences were found between groups for the length of stay in ICU, C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations, the mNUTRIC ≥ 5 group had higher D-dimer than the mNUTRIC < 5 group. Regarding ICU mortality, most patients (69.5%) in the mNUTRI ≥ 5 group died while in the mNUTRIC < 5 group 33.3% died (p = 0.0001). In addition, patients with mNUTRIC ≥ 5 had (HR: 2.04 [95% CI: 1.02–4.09], p = 0.04) a more likely chance of dying than patients in the mNUTRIC < 5 group, even that adjusted by BMI and D-dimer concentrations (HR: 2.18 [95% CI: 1.04–4.56], p = 0.03). Conclusion: In patients with COVID-19, an mNUTRIC ≥ 5 score at admission leads to a more likely chance of death even after controlling for confounding variables.
Maternal Sleep Problems in the Periconceptional Period and the Impact on Health of Mother and Offspring: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bais Babette , Zarchev Milan G. , Luik Annemarie I. , van Rossem Lenie , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P. M.
Published: November 2022

Knowledge of the impact of sleep problems in the periconceptional period is scarce. Since this period is the most sensitive time window for embryonic and placental development, we aim to study the impact of maternal sleep problems in the periconceptional period on both mother and offspring. We systematically searched various databases up until September 2021 for studies reporting on maternal sleep in the periconceptional period and any outcome in mother and offspring. We included observational studies describing maternal sleep problems in the periconceptional period and associations with either maternal and/or offspring outcomes. The search produced 8596 articles, of which we selected 27 studies. Some associations were found between sleep problems and lower fertility, more hypertensive disorders, more mood disorders in mothers, higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, and more sleep and behavior problems in offspring, with associations with maternal mood disorders being most consistent. This systematic review shows that maternal sleep problems in the periconceptional period are associated with a higher risk of various adverse outcomes in both mother and offspring, although not consistently. It shows that good sleep during pregnancy is crucial, starting as early as before conception, especially for maternal mood. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to pay attention to sleep problems in the periconceptional period and provide adequate treatment for potential sleep problems, even before pregnancy.
Surface Modification of Titanium by Micro-Arc Oxidation in Promoting Schwann Cell Proliferation and Secretion of Neurotrophic Factors
Authors: Dong Cong , Xue Shenghao , Kang Binbin , Zhang Xinyuan , Zhong Qun , Chen Xiaohong , Qi Shengcai
Published: November 2022

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in the field of oral implants over the past few decades. However, the effect of micro-arc oxidation modified titanium surface on Schwann cells has not been studied, which is of great significance for nerve regeneration around implants and improvement of osseoperception. In this study, the characterization of the titanium surface modified by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), XPS and a contact angle measurement system. Schwann cells (SCs) were cultured on titanium surfaces of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and pure titanium (Ti). At different time points, the morphology and adhesion of SCs on the titanium surfaces were observed by SEM. Cell proliferation activity was detected by the CCK-8 method. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins of nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were detected by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blot. The results of this in vitro study revealed that micro-arc-oxidation-modified titanium surfaces promoted Schwann cell proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic factors compared with pure titanium. CCK-8 results showed that the number of Schwann cells on MAO surfaces was significantly higher than that of the Ti group on day 7. The mRNA expressions of Ngf and Gdnf were up-regulated in both groups from day 1 to day 7. On day 3 and day 7, the gene expression of Ngf in the MAO group was significantly higher than that of the Ti group. On day 7, the MAO group appeared significantly up-regulated in gene expression level of Gdnf. The results of western blot were consistent. Micro-arc oxidation modification provides an accurate and effective method for promoting nerve regeneration of titanium microtopography coatings, which have potential significance for promoting patients’ osseoperception ability in clinical practice.
Recent Advancements in Biological Microelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) and Biomimetic Coatings
Authors: Huang Song-Jeng , Lin Ming-Tzer , Chiang Chao-Ching , Arun Dwivedi Kavya , Abbas Aqeel
Published: November 2022

Biomimetic micro- and nanotechnology have substantially grown in recent years, contributing to significant progress in the pharmaceutical and biomedical domains [...]
Observation of Pattern Formation during Electromagnetic Levitation Using High-Speed Thermography
Authors: Fang Yindong , Liu Dongmei , Zhu Yongfu , Galenko Peter K. , Lippmann Stephanie
Published: November 2022

Electromagnetic levitation (EML) was employed for studying the velocity and morphology of the solidification front as a function of undercooling of metallic materials. The limitation of the EML technique with respect to low melting alloys that emit outside the visible light spectrum was overcome by employing state-of-the-art high-speed mid-wavelength infrared cameras (MWIR cameras) with a photon detector. Due to the additional thermography contrast provided by the emission contrast of the solid and liquid phases, conductor, and semi-conductor, the pattern formation of Al-based alloys was studied in detail, revealing information on the nucleation, phase selection during solidification, and the influence of convection.
Corresponding States for Volumes of Elemental Solids at Their Pressures of Polymorphic Transformations
Authors: Tschauner Oliver
Published: November 2022

Many non-molecular elemental solids exhibit common features in their structures over the range of 0 to 0.5 TPa that have been correlated with equivalent valence electron configurations. Here, it is shown that the pressures and volumes at polymorphic transitions obey corresponding states given by a single, empirical universal step-function Vtr/L = −0.0208(3) · Ptr + Ni, where Vtr is the atomic volume in Å3 at a given transformation pressure Ptr in GPa, and L is the principal quantum number. Ni assumes discrete values of approximately 20, 30, 40, etc. times the cube of the Bohr radius, thus separating all 113 examined polymorphic elements into five discrete sets. The separation into these sets is not along L. Instead, strongly contractive polymorphic transformations of a given elemental solid involve changes to different sets. The rule of corresponding states allows for predicting atomic volumes of elemental polymorphs of hitherto unknown structures and the transitions from molecular into non-molecular phases such as for hydrogen. Though not an equation of state, this relation establishes a basic principle ruling over a vast range of simple and complex solid structures that confirms that effective single-electron-based calculations are good approximations for these materials and pressures The relation between transformation pressures and volumes paves the way to a quantitative assessment of the state of very dense matter intermediate between the terrestrial pressure regime and stellar matter.
Classification of White Blood Cells: A Comprehensive Study Using Transfer Learning Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Tamang Thinam , Baral Sushish , Paing May Phu
Published: November 2022

White blood cells (WBCs) in the human immune system defend against infection and protect the body from external hazardous objects. They are comprised of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, whereby each accounts for a distinct percentage and performs specific functions. Traditionally, the clinical laboratory procedure for quantifying the specific types of white blood cells is an integral part of a complete blood count (CBC) test, which aids in monitoring the health of people. With the advancements in deep learning, blood film images can be classified in less time and with high accuracy using various algorithms. This paper exploits a number of state-of-the-art deep learning models and their variations based on CNN architecture. A comparative study on model performance based on accuracy, F1-score, recall, precision, number of parameters, and time was conducted, and DenseNet161 was found to demonstrate a superior performance among its counterparts. In addition, advanced optimization techniques such as normalization, mixed-up augmentation, and label smoothing were also employed on DenseNet to further refine its performance.
Vaginosonography versus MRI in Pre-Treatment Evaluation of Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: An Old Tool for a New Precision Approach?
Authors: Vidal Urbinati Ailyn M. , Pino Ida , Iacobone Anna D. , Radice Davide , Azzalini Giulia , Guerrieri Maria E. , Preti Eleonora P. , Martella Silvia , Franchi Dorella
Published: November 2022

This study aims to analyze the sensitivity of vaginosonography (VGS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative local evaluation of early-stage cervical cancers and to assess their accuracy in the detection of tumors, size of the lesions and stromal invasion by comparing them with the final histopathology report. This single-center study included 56 consecutive patients with cervical cancer who underwent VGS and MRI from November 2012 to January 2021. VGS significantly overestimated the lesion size by 2.7 mm (p = 0.002), and MRI underestimated it by 1.9 mm (p = 0.11). Both MRI and VGS had a good concordance with the pathology report (Cohen’s kappa of 0.73 and 0.81, respectively). However, MRI had a false-negative rate (38.1%) that was greater than VGS (0%) in cases of cervical tumor size <2 cm. We found a good concordance between histology and VGS in the stromal infiltration assessment, with 89% sensitivity (95% CI 0.44–0.83) and 89% specificity (95% CI 0.52–0.86). VGS is a simple, inexpensive, widely available, and fast execution method that can complement ultrasound in particular cases and show a good correlation with MRI in the assessment of tumor dimensions, with a better performance in detecting small tumors (<2 cm).
Effect of Coupling Medium on Penetration Depth in Microwave Medical Imaging
Authors: Shao Wenyi , Zhou Beibei
Published: November 2022

In microwave medical imaging, the human skin reflects most of microwave energy due to the impedance mismatch between the air and the body. As a result, only a small portion of the microwave energy can enter the body and work for medical purpose. One solution to tackle this issue is to use a coupling (or matching) medium, which can reduce unwanted reflections on the skin and meanwhile improve spatial imaging resolution. A few types of fluids were measured in this paper for their dielectric properties between 500 MHz and 13.5 GHz. Measurements were performed by a Keysight programmable network analyzer (PNA) with a dielectric probe kit, and dielectric constant and conductivity of the fluids were presented in this paper. Then, quantitative computations were exercised to present the attenuations due to the reflection on the skin and to the loss in each coupling medium, based on the measured liquid dielectric values. Finally, electromagnetic simulations verified that the coupling liquid can allow more microwave energy to enter the body to allow for a more efficient medical examination.
Radiologic Imaging of the In Vivo Position of the New Supraglottic Airway Device Spritztube® in an Adult Patient—A Case Report
Authors: De Rosa Silvia , Sorbello Massimiliano , Rigobello Alessandro , Cattin Lucia , Iannucci Giuseppe , Gennaro Paolo , Danzi Vinicio , Checcacci Carboni Stefano
Published: November 2022

Spritztube® is a new supraglottic airway device that allows either extraglottic ventilation or orotracheal intubation with the same device. The aim of the present report is to provide the first radiologic images of the Spritztube in situ in a living human and to assess the depth of insertion and its anatomical relationships in vivo. We present the case of a 55-year-old man who was admitted to our centre to perform an interventional neuroradiological procedure. We obtained and analysed radiologic images of the head and neck of an adult patient to ascertain the position of the cuffs of the Spritztube relative to different anatomic structures. The insertion and depth of the device, correct tip positioning, effects of the distal and proximal cuffs on adjacent soft tissues, and the position of the pharyngeal cuff from the cranial to the hyoid bone were evaluated. Our report shows that Spritztube could be helpful in maintaining an adequate airway during radiologic procedures.
Attitudes of Teachers and Students towards the Possibilities of GIS Implementation in Secondary Schools in Croatia
Authors: Šiljeg Silvija , Milanović Antonio , Marić Ivan
Published: November 2022

The geographic information system (GIS) is, at the global level, recognized as one of the best ICTs for implementation in the subject of geography. The application of GIS in the Republic of Croatia (RH) lags behind developed countries. The main objective of this research was to examine the attitudes of secondary school students and geography teachers regarding the introduction of GIS in the educational system process. In the period from 3 October 2021 to 27 January 2022, a survey questionnaire was conducted in 30 secondary schools in the RH on a sample of 611 students and 96 teachers. The results have showed that both teachers and students have a positive attitude toward the introduction of GIS for the purpose of teaching geography. More than 80% of teachers believe that GIS is not sufficiently represented in the high school and geography curricula which is recognized as one of the most important factors which limit GIS implementation. A majority (77%) of teachers are not using GIS on any teaching level, which is not surprising since both surveyed teachers and students have poor knowledge of GIS, although teachers rated their knowledge a little higher. Teachers perceive students’ interest in GIS exactly as students express it; predominantly indifferent. The most important factors limiting the implementation of GIS are recognized as: a lack of necessary GIS software and licenses; not knowing how to use GIS; and an insufficient number of teaching units dedicated to GIS in the geography curricula. An equal percentage of both teachers and students believe that there are prerequisites for GIS implementation in their schools. One of the basic prerequisites for GIS implementation is that education authorities need to “see” GIS as an important part of geography and include it more in school curricula. In almost all countries where GIS has been implemented in schools, difficulties in its implementation have been documented.
The Influence of a Student-Led Advertising Agency Service-Learning Project on SMME Client Satisfaction: An Expectancy–Disconfirmation Paradigm
Authors: Duffett Rodney , Cromhout Dylan
Published: November 2022

The success of small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) is especially important for increasing employment and economic growth that is sustainable in developing nations. SMMEs are reported to be more successful if they use particular business management strategies compared with those that do not implement such strategies. Service-learning projects (S-LPs), in the form of student-led advertising agencies (SLAAs), can assist SMME clients (community partners) with customer research, knowledge transfer and skills training, advertising, and marketing and business services, as well as provide students with practical experience. However, most research is directed at the student benefits, and few empirical studies investigate the advantages for the clients. Therefore, the main objective of this inquiry was to examine SMMEs’ satisfaction in terms of the perceived influence of a SLAA S-LP on lasting impact and business performance. A total of 107 SMME clients were surveyed via a structured questionnaire. The findings indicated that the SLAA S-LP had a significant positive influence on the lasting impact, and business efficiency, brand awareness, competitive advantage, employee motivation, customer loyalty, new customers, and sales of the participating SMMEs. Therefore, the SLAAs provided the SMMEs with low-cost marketing and advertising options that improved the performance of their businesses.
Interprofessional Education and Research in the Health Professions: A Systematic Review and Supplementary Topic Modeling
Authors: Lieneck Cristian , Wang Tiankai , Gibbs David , Russian Chris , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo , Ari Arzu
Published: November 2022

Interprofessional education (IPE) has grown in popularity over the years because it is effective in training future health professionals and serves as the engine of productivity in healthcare-related research. The research team, consisting of higher education faculty in various health profession disciplines, conducted a systematic review of existent IPE literature targeting both graduate and under-graduate students. The main purpose of the systematic review was to categorize research and analyze IPE studies to determine sub-constructs that entail both barriers and facilitators often related to occurrences in primary provider, learner, and researcher IPE initiatives. If identified, IPE training and related curriculum plans were also analyzed in this review. The research team wanted to identify any/all potential instances of the use of research activities in coordination with IPE training to identify underlying constructs to support future college and program-specific andragogy initiatives. Review results demonstrate three categorical constructs related to IPE initiatives in higher education health professions programs (provider, learner, and researcher stakeholder perspectives). Results further demonstrate provider IPE challenges surrounding limited resources and a willingness to participate, while both patient experience and teamwork foci were identified as common IPE session themes. Further, the learners’ perspectives included a challenge related to a willingness to participate, as well as the patient experience focus. Review constructs were further validated using supplementary topic modeling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that combined systematic review with a supplementary topic modeling. Findings support ongoing pedagogy and research efforts related to IPE activities for health professions programs in higher education.
Soft Error Sensitivity Analysis Based on 40 nm SRAM-Based FPGA
Authors: Xiong Xu , Du Xuecheng , Zheng Bo , Chen Zhi , Jiang Wei , He Sanjun , Zhu Yixin
Published: November 2022

Soft errors induced by radiation are the major reliability threat for SRAM-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). A more detailed analysis of the soft error sensitivity of the 40 nm SRAM-based FPGA was performed. Experimental methods for the configurable logic module, configure memory cells, and block RAM have been introduced for measuring the single event effects (SEEs) induced by alpha particles using a 241Am radiation source. The single event upset (SEU) and single event functional interrupt (SEFI) cross sections of different functional blocks have been calculated to discuss the failure mechanisms of the FPGA. The SEEs test results for the FPGA device based on the 40 nm CMOS process are significant.