bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of caregiving: Evidence of objective burden, subjective burden, and quality of life impacts on informal caregivers of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brouwer Werner B. F. , van Exel N. Job A. , van de Berg Bernard , Dinant Huib J. , Koopmanschap Marc A. , van den Bos Geertrudis A. M.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To improve understanding of the nature and magnitude of the burden of informal care and also to indicate important areas for improving the current ways in which informal care is investigated.

Methods

Information on objective burden (such as care tasks performed and time investment), subjective burden (using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment instrument and a self‐rated burden score), and quality of life (using the EuroQoL instrument) were collected in a postal questionnaire of 153 informal caregivers who provide care for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Results

Caregivers had been caring for the RA patients on average for >11 years, reflecting the chronic nature of RA. They provide a substantial amount of care (27.4 hours per week) and are moderately strained (24.6 on the self‐rated burden scale). Caregivers are relatively healthy on average but caregivers of more severe RA patients are relatively unhealthy, which may indicate health losses due to caregiving.

Conclusion

Informal care can be burdensome in the context of RA. More information may help assist informal caregivers in caring for RA patients and help to avoid health problems and high subjective burden.
Validity of the childhood health assessment questionnaire is independent of age in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Pouchot Jacques , Ecosse Emmanuel , Coste Joël , Guillemin Francis ,   French Quality of Life Study Group,   Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation
Published: August 2004

Objective

To determine whether the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is valid for the comparison of different age subgroups and for longitudinal studies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

A CHAQ was administered to 306 children with JIA. Rasch analyses were used to compare the difficulty of each of the 30 items of the questionnaire for children of 2 age groups (≥10 years old and <10 years old).

Results

Independent of the physical disability level assessed by the Rasch model, 8 of the 30 items (27%) of the CHAQ were rated significantly different in the 2 age groups. Despite this age‐related variation in item difficulty, the impact on the CHAQ disability index using its original scoring system remained low (about 0.25 points on a scale of 0–3).

Conclusion

The difficulty of 8 of 30 items of the CHAQ depends on the respondent's age. Nevertheless, the design of the CHAQ and its scoring system remove most of the expected physical development bias.
Differences between participants and nonparticipants in an exercise trial for adults with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jong Z. De , Munneke M. , Jansen L. M. , Ronday K. , van Schaardenburg D. J. , Brand R. , van den Ende C. H. M. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. , Zuijderduin W. M. , Hazes J. M. W.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To investigate the generalizability of the results of a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of long‐term, high‐intensity exercises in the rheumatoid arthritis patients in training (RAPIT) trial by comparing the characteristics of the participants with the nonparticipants.

Methods

Participants and nonparticipants were mailed questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, health status, reasons not to participate, and attitudes toward intensive exercise.

Results

The questionnaires from 892 (75%) nonparticipants and 299 (97%) participants were collected. The nonparticipants were slightly older, more often male, and had longer disease duration than the participants. The nonparticipants perceived their disease as more serious, used fewer disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, had a lower level of education, and a more negative attitude toward intensive exercise.

Conclusion

The results of the RAPIT trial might not be generalizable to the entire target population. To promote participation in long‐term, high‐intensity exercises, health professionals should more actively discuss the potential benefits of exercise with their RA patients while taking into consideration specific factors related to participation.
Impact of social support on valued activity disability and depressive symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Neugebauer Alyson , Katz Patricia P.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To examine the impact of instrumental and emotional support on valued life activity (VLA) disability and depressive symptoms. Instrumental support was expected to affect VLA disability; emotional support was expected to be associated with depressive symptoms and moderate the impact of VLA disability on depressive symptoms.

Methods

Data were collected over 3 years through interviews with the University of California, San Francisco, Rheumatoid Arthritis Panel. Analyses assessed whether instrumental support predicted later VLA disability and whether emotional support predicted both concurrent and later depressive symptoms.

Results

Receiving adequate instrumental support was associated with less subsequent VLA disability. Strong associations were noted between both VLA disability and emotional support with concurrent depressive symptoms. No relationship was found between emotional support and later depression. No evidence was found for the hypothesis that emotional support moderated the impact of VLA disability on depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Results highlight the need to assess different types of support and their unique impact on critical outcomes. Instrumental support is beneficial to the maintenance of valued activities, a critical factor in the psychological adjustment of individuals living with rheumatoid arthritis. Emotional support has a significant short‐term impact on depression, although it may not buffer the impact of VLA disability on future depression.
Effects of a stress‐reduction program on psychological function, pain, and physical function of systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Greco Carol M. , Rudy Thomas E. , Manzi Susan
Published: August 2004

Objective

To assess the effects of a stress‐reduction program on pain, psychological function, and physical function in persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who experience pain.

Methods

Ninety‐two SLE patients were assigned randomly to receive either biofeedback‐assisted cognitive‐behavioral treatment (BF/CBT), a symptom‐monitoring support (SMS) intervention, or usual medical care (UC) alone.

Results

BF/CBT participants had significantly greater reductions in pain and psychological dysfunction compared with the SMS group (pain, P = 0.044; psychological functioning, P < 0.001) and the UC group (pain, P = 0.028; psychological functioning, P < 0.001). BF/CBT had significantly greater improvement in perceived physical function compared with UC (P = 0.035), and improvement relative to SMS was marginally significant (P = 0.097). At a 9‐month followup evaluation, BF/CBT continued to exhibit relative benefit compared with UC in psychological functioning (P = 0.023).

Conclusion

This study supports the utility of a brief stress management program for short‐term improvement in pain, psychological function, and perceived physical function among persons with SLE who experience pain.
Wegener's granulomatosis: Possible role of environmental agents in its pathogenesis
Authors: Albert Daniel , Clarkin Cheryl , Komoroski Jodi , Brensinger Colleen M. , Berlin Jesse A.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To investigate the possibility that environmental agents contribute to the pathogenesis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG).

Methods

We undertook an extensive search for possible environmental exposures by developing a comprehensive questionnaire that was administered by telephone interview to 53 patients with WG and 2 control groups: one with osteoarthritis and the other with gout. Questions focused on hobbies and vocations, work, home, and allergies. Exact logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for potential confounders. After adjusting for age and sex, data are reported for all exposures with odds ratios >2.0 against either control group or for any allergic propensity.

Results

Results suggest that mercury and perhaps lead exposure were positively associated with WG as compared with either control group, although the number of patients exposed was small. A prior history of allergy was also associated with WG as compared with either control group.

Conclusion

We conclude that heavy metal exposure and a prior history of allergy may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of Wegener's granulomatosis.
Prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb in the general population
Authors: Walker‐Bone Karen , Palmer Keith T. , Reading Isabel , Coggon David , Cooper Cyrus
Published: August 2004

Objective

To determine the prevalence, interrelation, and impact of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb in the general population.

Methods

A total of 9,696 randomly selected adults of working age were surveyed in a 2‐stage cross‐sectional study involving a screening questionnaire and a standardized physical examination in symptomatic subjects. Age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence rates were estimated for several musculoskeletal disorders and for nonspecific pain in the upper limbs. The overlap and impact on daily activities and healthcare utilization were explored.

Results

Among 6,038 first‐stage responders, 3,152 reported upper limb symptoms and 1,960 were subsequently examined. Of subjects with pain, 44.8% had 1 or more specific soft‐tissue disorders. Site‐specific prevalence rates were as follows: shoulder tendinitis 4.5% among men and 6.1% among women; adhesive capsulitis 8.2% among men and 10.1% among women; lateral epicondylitis 1.3% among men and 1.1% among women; de Quervain's disease 0.5% among men and 1.3% among women; other tenosynovitis of the hand or wrist, 1.1% among men and 2.2% among women. Specific disorders tended to cluster (P < 0.001) in individuals, with particular overlap at the shoulder. Compared with subjects with nonspecific pain, those with specific disorders more often reported inability to perform everyday tasks (P < 0.05), consultation with a doctor (P < 0.05), and use of prescribed medication (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Upper limb pain is common in the general population and is often associated with physical signs suggestive of specific upper‐limb disorders. These disorders have a substantial impact on physical function and use of health care.
Factors associated with the use of complementary and alternative medicine in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Feldman Debbie Ehrmann , Duffy Ciaran , De Civita Mirella , Malleson Pete , Philibert Lise , Gibbon Michele , Ortiz‐Alvarez Oliva , Dobkin Patricia L.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To describe the frequency of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to explore whether CAM was associated with patient‐specific characteristics, parent‐specific characteristics, and medical management factors.

Methods

Parents of children with JIA completed questionnaires that addressed the use of CAM, adherence and perceived problems, parental distress, and coping with childhood illness. Clinical variables were abstracted from the patients' medical files.

Results

One hundred‐eighteen children with JIA, mean ± SD age of 10.4 ± 3.9 years and mean ± SD disease duration of 4.5 ± 3.5 years, participated in the study. Ever use of CAM was 33.9% and was higher in patients whose parents used CAM (odds ratio [OR] 5.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4–19.5) and among those who considered themselves as “Canadian” as opposed to belonging to a specific ethnic group (OR 10. 7, 95% CI 1.2–99.8). Adherence to conventional treatment was high for both users and nonusers of CAM.

Conclusion

Use of CAM is common among patients with JIA. CAM use is not related to any decrease in adherence to conventional medical treatment.
Knee pain and radiographic osteoarthritis interact in the prediction of levels of self‐reported disability
Authors: Williams David A. , Farrell Michael J. , Cunningham Jill , Gracely Richard H. , Ambrose Kirsten , Cupps Thomas , Mohan Niveditha , Clauw Daniel J.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To determine predictors of disability depending on whether joint deformity and pain reporting exist independently or concurrently.

Methods

Subjects were 154 volunteers for an osteoarthritis screening examination. Eligible subjects completed questionnaires for physical function, pain, and depressive symptoms; underwent evoked pain testing for tenderness assessment; and had anteroposterior and lateral radiographs taken of both knees. Two blinded rheumatologists scored the images using Kellgren‐Lawrence criteria to determine presence of deformity.

Results

Subjects were divided into 3 subgroups based on radiographic evidence of deformity and self‐reported pain. Disability was greatest when pain and deformity occurred together (F[2,151] = 18.8, P < 0.0001). Self‐reported disability in the absence of deformity was predicted by body mass index, pain threshold, and anxiety symptoms; disability was predicted by the number of osteophytes and depressive symptoms when pain and deformity occurred together.

Conclusion

Self‐reported disability in osteoarthritis of the knee is greatest with concurrent pain and joint deformity. When pain and deformity do not cooccur, disability appears to be related to separate factors, including anxiety and pain threshold (e.g., tenderness).
Impact of fatigue on health‐related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rupp Ines , Boshuizen Hendriek C. , Jacobi Catharina E. , Dinant Huibert J. , van den Bos Geertrudis A. M.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To multidimensionally assess fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the impact of fatigue on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods

The study was conducted in 1999 among 490 RA patients with varying disease duration. Fatigue was measured with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI‐20) and HRQOL with a validated Dutch version of the RAND 36‐Item Health Survey. We evaluated the impact of fatigue on HRQOL by multiple linear regression analyses taking into account RA‐related pain and depressive symptoms.

Results

Different aspects of fatigue selectively explained different dimensions of HRQOL. The MFI‐20 was entered last to the linear regression models, resulting in an additional increase of explained variance of 1% (mental health) to 14% (vitality).

Conclusion

The multidimensional portrayal of RA‐related fatigue can be used to develop intervention strategies targeted to specific aspects of fatigue. Fatigue, supplementary to RA‐related pain and depressive symptoms, appears to be a feasible and treatable target in the clinical management of RA to increase HRQOL.
Pilot clinical trial of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) versus placebo for Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Pillemer Stanley R. , Brennan Michael T. , Sankar Vidya , Leakan Rose Anne , Smith Janine A. , Grisius Margaret , Ligier Sophie , Radfar Lida , Kok Marc R. , Kingman Albert , Fox Philip C.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To screen for potential efficacy and assess feasibility and safety of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as a treatment for Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods

A 24‐week randomized, double‐blinded, pilot trial of oral DHEA (200 mg/day) versus placebo was conducted. The primary comparison was to a hypothesized 20% placebo response rate. If 14 consecutive subjects on DHEA did not respond, a Phase III trial would be considered futile. A placebo group of 14 subjects was planned to verify placebo response rate and estimate sample size required for a definitive trial. Response criteria required 20% improvement in at least 2 of 3 domains. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for baseline differences and for stratified randomization. Outcome measures included visual analog scale questionnaires for dry eye and dry mouth symptoms, lissamine green ocular dye staining and Schirmer I tests, stimulated salivary flow, IgG, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Results

Randomization resulted in 14 DHEA and 14 placebo group subjects. At baseline, mean ± SD for DHEA versus placebo groups were Schirmer I tests 4.5 ± 4.5 versus 5.4 ± 6.1 mm/5 minutes; Van Bijsterveld score 5.3 ± 2.1 versus 5.5 ± 2.2; unstimulated saliva 0.03 ± 0.05 versus 0.04 ± 0.10 ml/minute; IgG 1,699 ± 749 versus 1,712 ± 621 g/dl; and ESR 40 ± 31 versus 44 ± 28 mm/hour. Apart from changes over the trial in dry mouth symptoms, no significant differences were noted between the DHEA and placebo groups for dry eye symptoms, objective measures of ocular dryness, stimulated salivary flow; IgG, or ESR. Four DHEA and one placebo group patient dropped out because of adverse effects. Although 7 subjects met response criteria in the DHEA group, 5 met the criteria in the placebo group, and there was no significant difference between groups.

Conclusion

DHEA showed no evidence of efficacy in SS. Without evidence for efficacy, patients with SS should avoid using unregulated DHEA supplements, since long‐term adverse consequences of exposure to this hormone are unknown.
Aberrations in the control of quadriceps muscle force in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hortobágyi Tibor , Garry Joseph , Holbert Donald , Devita Paul
Published: August 2004

Objective

To characterize the distribution of error in knee joint proprioception, quadriceps force accuracy and steadiness, and muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Special attention was paid to eccentric strength.

Methods

We compared knee OA patients (n = 20: 15 women, 5 men) with age‐ and sex‐matched, symptom‐free adults. Knee pain and mobility were assessed with standard tests. Knee joint proprioception was measured with a repositioning test. Quadriceps force accuracy and steadiness were determined during a force target‐tracking task. Maximal voluntary quadriceps force was measured during eccentric, isometric, and concentric contractions.

Results

OA patients had knee pain, needed 67% more time to complete 4 functional tasks, and produced 82% more proprioception errors (all P < 0.05). About 80% of this error was due to overshooting the target and 68% of the overshooting error occurred at 2 of the 5 least flexed knee joint positions. OA patients had 89% more errors in accurately matching target forces during submaximal quadriceps contractions and in the same tasks, OA patients also produced these forces with 155% more variability (all P < 0.05). OA patients had especially weakened ability to produce maximal voluntary eccentric strength.

Conclusion

Quadriceps dysfunction in knee OA includes impaired proprioception, especially in the more extended knee joint positions; impaired ability to accurately and steadily control submaximal force; and impaired eccentric strength. These results have implications for designing exercise and rehabilitation programs for patients with knee OA.
Characterization of and osteoarthritis susceptibility in ADAMTS‐4–knockout mice
Authors: Glasson Sonya S. , Askew Roger , Sheppard Barbara , Carito Brenda A. , Blanchet Tracey , Ma Hak‐Ling , Flannery Carl R. , Kanki Kim , Wang Eunice , Peluso Diane , Yang Zhiyong , Majumdar Manas K. , Morris Elisabeth A.
Published: August 2004

Objective

To determine the importance of the enzymatic activity of ADAMTS‐4 in normal growth and development and to evaluate the role of ADAMTS‐4 in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

We generated catalytic domain–deleted ADAMTS‐4–transgenic mice and performed extensive gross and histologic analyses of various organs. The mice were challenged by surgical induction of joint instability leading to OA, to determine the importance of the enzymatic activity of ADAMTS‐4 in the progression of the disease. The response of wild‐type (WT) and ADAMTS‐4–knockout (ADAMTS‐4–KO) articular cartilage to interleukin‐1 and retinoic acid challenge in vitro was also evaluated.

Results

ADAMTS‐4–KO mice up to 1 year of age exhibited no gross or histologic abnormalities in 36 tissue sites examined. Despite evidence of ADAMTS‐4 expression and activity in growth plates of WT mice, catalytic silencing of this proteinase caused no abnormalities in skeletal development, growth, or remodeling. There was no effect of ADAMTS‐4 knockout on the progression or severity of OA 4 weeks or 8 weeks after surgical induction of joint instability. Enzymatic cleavage of aggrecan at the TEGE373–374ARGS site was clearly evident after exposure of articular cartilage from ADAMTS‐4–KO mice to inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusion

Although expression of the ADAMTS‐4 gene has been found in many tissues throughout the body, deletion of enzymatic activity did not appear to have any effect on normal growth and physiology. Our study provides evidence that ADAMTS‐4 is the primary aggrecanase in murine growth plates; however, deletion of its enzymatic activity did not affect normal long bone remodeling. Our results also lead to the hypothesis that, in the mouse, ADAMTS‐4 is not the primary enzyme responsible for aggrecan degradation at the TEGE373–374ARGS site. The elucidation of the relative importance of ADAMTS‐4 in the pathologic process of human OA will require examination of human OA tissues and evidence of disease modification in patients following therapeutic intervention.
Profile, needs, and expectations of information professionals: What we learned from the 2003 ASIST membership survey
Authors: Vaughan Liwen , Hahn Trudi Bellardo
Published: August 2004

A survey of American Society for Information Science and Technology members was administered via the Web in May 2003. The survey gathered demographic data about members and their preferences and expectations in regard to conferences and other ASIST products and services. With about a 32% return rate, findings were compared with an earlier survey conducted in 1979, which provides a glimpse of how the Society has changed and what needs to be done to ensure a healthy future development. The gender split has remained the same but members are about 5 years older on average than they were in 1979. A significant shift has occurred in members' institutional affiliations, from the largest group being in the industrial sector to the largest group being in educational institutions. Members on average reported slightly higher incomes (after adjusting for inflation) in 2003 than in 1979. Since 1979, a larger percentage of members have earned a doctoral degree. The most common field of study is library and information science. About half of the respondents reported that ASIST is their primary professional society. Their primary reason for maintaining ASIST membership is “learning about new developments/issues in the field.” The most common responses to the question about what factors would make ASIST conferences more appealing related to lowering costs. Other responses related to attitudes about the ASIST Bulletin and the value of other proposed products and services are summarized and reported. Detailed analyses of relationships among different variables made possible a deeper understanding of members' needs and expectations, which provides directions for design of programs and services.
Characterization of early plasma concentrations of midazolam in pigs after administration by an autoinjector
Authors: Levy Aharon , Kushnir Moshe , Chapman Shira , Brandeis Rachel , Teitelbaum Zvi , Gilat Eran
Published: August 2004

The treatment of organophosphate‐induced poisoning is based mainly on atropine and an oxime. Prompt anticonvulsive intervention is usually also required to terminate the ensuing seizure activity and to prevent delayed permanent brain damage. Midazolam, a water‐soluble benzodiazepine agonist, has the advantage of rapid absorption following intramuscular administration. In mass casualty situations, the availability of an autoinjector, filled with midazolam, might be a further advantage. In the present study, the plasma pharmacokinetics of midazolam after administration by an autoinjector was compared with conventional intramuscular (i.m.) administration in two groups of four pigs each. During the first 15 min after injection, significantly higher plasma concentrations of midazolam were detected following autoinjector administration, compared with the i.m. injection. The physiological reflection of the accelerated midazolam absorption was a marked reduction in the time interval required for muscle relaxation, induced by midazolam. It is concluded that a midazolam autoinjector might be helpful in the mass casualty scenario following organophosphate poisoning. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of the hexosamine pathway causes oxidative stress and abnormal embryo gene expression: Involvement in diabetic teratogenesis
Authors: Horal Melissa , Zhang Zhiquan , Stanton Robert , Virkamäki Antti , Loeken Mary R.
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Oxidative stress is critical to the teratogenic effects of diabetic pregnancy, yet the specific biochemical pathways responsible for oxidative stress have not been fully elucidated. The hexosamine pathway is activated in many tissues during diabetes and could contribute to oxidative stress by inhibiting the pentose shunt pathway, thereby diminishing production of the cellular antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH).

METHODS

To test the hypothesis that activation of the hexosamine pathway might contribute to the teratogenic effects of diabetic pregnancy, pregnant mice were injected with glucose, to induce hyperglycemia, or glucosamine, to directly activate the hexosamine pathway. Embryo tissue fragments were also cultured in physiological glucose, high glucose, or physiological glucose plus glucosamine, to test effects on oxidative stress and embryo gene expression.

RESULTS

Glucosamine increased hexosamine synthesis and inhibited pentose shunt activity. There was a trend for transient hyperglycemia to have the same effects, but they did not reach statistical significance. However, both glucose and glucosamine significantly decreased GSH, and increased oxidative stress, as indicated by 2′,7′‐dichloro‐dihydrofluorescein fluorescence. Glucose and glucosamine inhibited expression of Pax‐3, a gene required for neural tube closure both in vivo and in vitro, and increased neural tube defects (NTDs) in vivo; these effects were prevented by GSH ethyl ester. High glucose and glucosamine inhibited Pax‐3 expression by embryo culture, but culture in glutamine‐free media to block the hexosamine pathway prevented the inhibition of Pax‐3 expression by high glucose.

CONCLUSIONS

Activation of the hexosamine pathway causes oxidative stress through depletion of GSH and consequent disruption of embryo gene expression. Activation of this pathway may contribute to diabetic teratogenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Einwirkungen nach DIN‐Fachbericht 101
Authors: Weinreich Lothar
Published: August 2004

Nach der Einführung der DIN‐Fachberichte sind alle Bauwerksentwürfe nach dem neuen Regelwerk zu bearbeiten. Der Beitrag beschreibt, in welchen wesentlichen Punkten sich Änderungen bei der Entwurfsbearbeitung gegenüber dem bisherigen Vorgehen ergeben. Für die Vorberechnung von Massivbrücken in Längsrichtung werden die maßgebenden Einwirkungen nach altem und neuem Vorschriftenwerk gegenübergestellt. Es wird außerdem gezeigt, daß die Neuerungen bei den anzusetzenden Einwirkungen in einigen Fällen Änderungen bei den bislang gewählten Bauwerkssystemen und ‐abmessungen erforderlich machen. Die gegenüber einer Bearbeitung nach DIN‐Normen besonders zu beachtenden Punkte werden zusammengestellt.
Verbundlos vorgespannte Decken
Authors: Falkner Horst , Gerritzen Dominique
Published: August 2004

Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Hintergründe auf, die zur Beurteilung der Nachnutzbarkeit einer vorgespannten Decke nach einem Brand von Bedeutung sind. Dabei werden die Änderungen des Trag‐ und Gebrauchsverhaltens durch die Brandeinwirkung herausgestellt und erste Konstruktionsempfehlungen für die Praxis gegeben.
Biegebemessung von Bauteilen aus ultrahochfestem Beton
Authors: Teutsch Manfred , Grunert Jens Peter
Published: August 2004

Ultrahochfester Beton (UHB) unterscheidet sich von normal‐ bzw. hochfestem Beton vor allem durch ein dichteres Materialgefüge. Dies bewirkt, daß Bauteile aus UHB einen größeren Widerstand gegen mechanischen Abrieb und Frost‐Tausalzbeanspruchung sowie eine größere Undurchlässigkeit für Flüssigkeiten und Gase aufweisen. Ohne den Zusatz von Stahlfasern ist UHB jedoch ein äußerst sprödes Material, das im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit schlagartig versagt. Durch die Zugabe von Stahlfasern läßt sich ein duktiles Materialverhalten erzeugen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie man einen solchen stahlfaserverstärkten UHB durch Entwicklung von Spannungs‐Dehnungsbeziehungen auf Biegung bzw. Biegung mit Normalkraft bemessen kann.
Bei welcher Höhe versagt eine Stütze?
Authors: Quast Ulrich
Published: August 2004

Für ideal elastische Stützen, die allein unter der Wirkung ihres Eigengewichts knicken, wurde diese Frage bereits 1778 von Leonhard Euler beantwortet. Mit den heute verfügbaren Mathematikprogrammen kann die Berechnung von Stützen, entweder als Knickproblem oder als Verformungsproblem nach Theorie 2. Ordnung und sowohl für lineare als auch für nichtlineare Moment‐Verkrümmungsbeziehungen, numerisch mit denselben Verfahren erfolgen. Solche in der eigenen Lehre erprobten Verfahren werden beispielhaft angewendet, um das Stabilitätsproblem schlanker Stahlbetonstützen infolge Steifigkeitsabnahme zu veranschaulichen.
Verwaltungsgebäude der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung Bayerns KVB, München
Authors: Lochner Irmgard , Bauer Benno
Published: August 2004

In München wird derzeit der Erweiterungsbau eines Verwaltungsgebäudes in Stahlbetonbauweise fertiggestellt. Das Gebäude zeichnet sich durch die Synthese von architektonischem Entwurf, Tragwerk und technischer Gebäudeausrüstung aus. Die Konstruktion wurde aus der Nutzung des Gebäudes als Kombibüro entwickelt, wobei die Möglichkeiten des Stahlbetonbaus hinsichtlich integrierter Planung und werkstoffgerechten Materialeinsatzes im Rahmen einer kostengünstigen Bauweise eingesetzt werden. Der Beitrag behandelt den konzeptionellen Ansatz, die Entwicklung der Tragwerksgeometrie und Besonderheiten in der Ausführung.
Die Flugzeughallen des ehemaligen Militärflughafens Berlin‐Friedrichsfelde
Authors: Schmidt Hartwig , Pichler Gerhard
Published: August 2004

Von den Flugzeughallen aus der Zeit des Ersten Weltkrieges sind nur wenige erhalten geblieben, denn sie mußten aufgrund der Bestimmungen des Versailler Vertrages zerstört werden. Flugzeughallen aus Stahlbeton aus dieser Zeit sind darüber hinaus eine große Rarität, da die Hallen üblicherweise als leichte Stahlkonstruktionen errichtet wurden. In Berlin‐Karlshorst, unweit des früheren sowjetischen Kapitulationsmuseums, befinden sich, aufgereiht wie auf einer Perlenschnur, sechs Stahlbetonhallen, die 1917/18 für den neu eingerichteten Militärflughafen Berlin‐ Friedrichsfelde von der Münchner Firma “Baugesellschaft Gebrüder Rank” erbaut wurden. Bei den Nachforschungen zu den Flugzeughallen fand sich im Archiv der noch heute tätigen Baufirma die Nachkalkulation der gesamten Baumaßnahmen für die Hallen. Neben einer detaillierten Auflistung der Kosten, Arbeitsstunden und verbrauchten Materialien war dabei auch eine Beschreibung der Konstruktion und des Bauvorgangs.
Model Diagnostic Plots for Repeated Measures Data
Authors: Park Taesung , Lee Seung‐Yeoun
Published: August 2004

In the analysis of repeated measurements, multivariate regression models that account for the correlations among the observations from the same subject are widely used. Like the usual univariate regression models, these multivariate regression models also need some model diagnostic procedures. Though these models have been widely used, not many studies have been performed in model diagnostic areas. In this paper, we propose simple residual plots to investigate the goodness of model fit for repeated measures data. Here, we mainly focus on the mean model diagnostics. The proposed residual plots are based on the quantile‐quantile(Q–Q) plots of a χ2distribution and a normal distribution. In particular, the proposed model is useful in comparing several models simultaneously. The proposed method is illustrated using two examples. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conditional and Unconditional Simulation of Healthy Patients' Visual Fields
Authors: Ibáñez M. V. , Simó A.
Published: August 2004

This paper describes a simulation problem, motivated by the study of glaucoma, a very serious and widespread ocular illness. To ascertain whether a patient suffers from glaucoma, a perimetric test is done, but the evolution of the disease is very slow, and large longitudinal sets of tests taken on the same patient are needed to study its evolution, to analyze the efficiency of existing methods to detect the progression of glaucoma and to develop new ones. Simulation can be a very useful procedure to get appropriate data sets to work with. Our aim in this work is to simulate several VFs in a healthy patient to reflect his evolution in time. We use a spatio‐temporal model to simulate from, taking into account the correlation existing between the observed (or simulated) values in space and time. Two different simulation procedures (unconditional and conditional) are studied, and applied to obtain the simulations we are interested in. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predicting Power for Longitudinal Studies with Attrition
Authors: DuBois Bowman F.
Published: August 2004

Power analyses play an integral role in designing biomedical studies and are customary in biomedical research proposals, for example, submitted to federal regulatory and medical research agencies. An underpowered study potentially leads to inconclusive inferences and consequently misspends valuable time and financial resources allocated to the study. The occurrence of attrition or dropout further increases the risk of conducting an underpowered study. In some applications, it is desirable to provide additional assurance against insufficient statistical power by producing conservative power predictions. We propose two new methods for predicting power when expecting attrition, and both methods employ a simple probability model for the number of dropouts. One approach allows conservative power predictions that reduce the chance of underpowering studies. The second procedure gives the minimum mean squared error predictor of conditional power, given dependence on a random number of unobserved values or dropouts. We illustrate our methods for predicting power using a longitudinal study of depression. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Mean of the Inverse of a Punctured Normal Distribution and Its Application
Authors: Lai C. D. , Wood G. R. , Qiao C. G.
Published: August 2004

The fundamental properties of a punctured normal distribution are studied. The results are applied to three issues concerning X/Y where X and Y are independent normal random variables with means μX and μY respectively. First, estimation of μX/μY as a surrogate for E(X/Y) is justified, then the reason for preference of a weighted average, over an arithmetic average, as an estimator of μX/μY is given. Finally, an approximate confidence interval for μX/μY is provided. A grain yield data set is used to illustrate the results. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Increased nitrotyrosine production in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Troxler M , Naseem K M , Homer-Vanniasinkam S
Published: August 2004

Background

Vascular inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and is thought to involve reactive species such as the nitric oxide-derived oxidant peroxynitrite. In the present study nitrotyrosine was measured as a stable marker of peroxynitrite production in vivo.

Methods

Perioperative blood samples were obtained from patients undergoing elective open or endovascular repair of an AAA and from patients with intermittent claudication, smoking aged-matched controls, non-smoking aged-matched controls and non-smoking young healthy controls. Plasma nitrotyrosine was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The median plasma nitrotyrosine concentration in patients with an AAA (0·46 nmol nitrated bovine serum albumin equivalents per mg protein) was significantly higher than that in patients with intermittent claudication (0·35 nmol; P = 0·002), smoking controls (0·36 nmol; P = 0·001), non-smoking controls (0·35 nmol; P = 0·002) and young healthy controls (0·27 nmol; P < 0·001). Nitrotyrosine concentrations increased during early reperfusion in open AAA repair, but not during endovascular repair. AAA exclusion from the circulation reduced levels to control values (P = 0·001).

Conclusion

Patients with an AAA had raised levels of circulating nitrated proteins compared with patients with claudication and controls, suggesting a greater degree of ongoing inflammation that was not related to smoking.
High incidence of in-transit metastases after sentinel node biopsy in patients with melanoma
Authors: Estourgie S H , Nieweg O E , Kroon B B R
Published: August 2004

Background

The occurrence of in-transit metastases in patients with a tumour-positive sentinel node varies greatly between centres and it has been suggested that the incidence is high in this patient group.

Methods

The incidence of in-transit metastases in 61 patients who had lymph node dissection because of a tumour-positive sentinel node was compared with that in 60 patients who had palpable nodal metastases dissected.

Results

The incidence of in-transit metastases was 23 per cent in patients with a positive sentinel node and 8 per cent in those with palpable nodes (P = 0·027).

Conclusion

Sentinel node biopsy was associated with a higher risk of in-transit metastases. This finding does not support the routine use of sentinel node biopsy in the management of melanoma.
Highly Selective, Recyclable Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols with Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Catalyzed by Dinuclear Peroxotungstate
Authors: Kamata Keigo , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: August 2004

The highly chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselective and stereospecific epoxidation of various allylic alcohols with only one equivalent of hydrogen peroxide in water can be efficiently catalyzed by the dinuclear peroxotungstate, K2[{W(O)(O2)2(H2O)}2(μ‐O)]⋅ 2 H2O (I). The catalyst is easily recycled while maintaining its catalytic performance. The catalytic reaction mechanism including the exchange of the water ligand to form the tungsten–alcoholate species followed by the insertion of oxygen to the carbon–carbon double bond, and the regeneration of the dinuclear peroxotungstate with hydrogen peroxide is proposed. The reaction rate shows first‐order dependence on the concentrations of allylic alcohol and dinuclear peroxotungstate and zero‐order dependence on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. These results, the kinetic data, the comparison of the catalytic rates with those for the stoichiometric reactions, and kinetic isotope effects indicate that the oxygen transfer from a dinuclear peroxotungstate to the double bond is the rate‐limiting step for terminal allylic alcohols such as 2‐propen‐1‐ol (1 a).
Role of Solvation in the Reduction of the Uranyl Dication by Water: A Density Functional Study
Authors: Moskaleva Lyudmila V. , Krueger Sven , Spoerl Andreas , Roesch Notker
Published: August 2004

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The Structures of X2 [(Mo6Cl8)Cl6]×nH2O, X: NH4, K, Rb, Cs.
Authors: Flemstroem A. , Hirsch T. K. , Eriksson L. , Lidin S.
Published: August 2004

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Crystal Structure of the New Compound Co6(TeO3)2(TeO6)Cl2.
Authors: Becker Richard , Johnsson Mats
Published: August 2004

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[Me4N]2[(WOS3Ag)2]: A Novel Quasi‐One‐Dimensional Compound.
Authors: Rahman A. B. M. Shamsur , Boller H. , Klepp K. O.
Published: August 2004

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Crystal Structure and Properties of Ba11FeTi27O66.5.
Authors: Vanderah Terrell A. , Siegrist Theo , Roth Robert S. , Ramirez Arthur P. , Geyer Richard G.
Published: August 2004

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New Alkaline Earth‐Rich Binary Indides: Ca2In, Sr28In11 and Sr5In3.
Authors: Wendorff Marco , Roehr Caroline
Published: August 2004

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Structures and Phase Transition of Vaterite‐Type Rare Earth Orthoborates: A Neutron Diffraction Study.
Authors: Lin Jianhua , Sheptyakov Denis , Wang Yingxia , Allenspach Peter
Published: August 2004

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[Li‐Si‐O]‐MFI: A New Microporous Lithosilicate with the MFI Topology.
Authors: Park So‐Hyun , Liu Haiming , Kleinsorge Martin , Grey Clare P. , Toby Brian H. , Parise John B.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties, and Phase Stability of Li2NiO2 with the Immm Structure.
Authors: Kang Kisuk , Chen Ching‐Hsiang , Hwang Bing Joe , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: August 2004

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Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Two New Polychalcogenides [Mn(C6H14N2)3]Se6 and [Mn(C6H14N2)3]2 [C6H16N2](TeSe2)2Se.
Authors: Wendland Frank , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: August 2004

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An Addition to the Oxoacid Family: H2B12(OH)12.
Authors: Stasko Daniel J. , Perzynski Kevin J. , Wasil Mark A. , Brodbeck Julia K. , Kirschbaum Kristin , Kim Yong Wah , Lind Cora
Published: August 2004

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NH4[BPO4F]: A Novel Open‐Framework Ammonium Fluorinated Borophosphate with a Zeolite‐Like Structure Related to Gismondine Topology.
Authors: Li Man‐Rong , Liu Wei , Ge Ming‐Hui , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: August 2004

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The Polyhedral Gallium Subhalide [Ga24Br22]×10 THF: The First Step on the Path to a New Modification of Gallium?
Authors: Duan Taike , Baum Elke , Burgert Ralf , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg
Published: August 2004

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[Mn2(AsS4)4]8‐ and [Cd2(AsS4)2(AsS5)2] 8‐: Discrete Clusters with High Negative Charge from Alkali Metal Polythioarsenate Fluxes.
Authors: Iyer Ratnasabapathy G. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: August 2004

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[Ni(C4H13N3)2] 3(Sb3S6)2: The First Structure Containing Isolated Heterocyclic [Sb3S6]3‐ Anions.
Authors: Kiebach Ragnar , Studt Felix , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: August 2004

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K2Ag6Sn3S10: A Quaternary Sulfide Composed of Silver Sulfide Layers Pillared by Zigzag Chains 1∞[SnS3]2‐.
Authors: Baiyin Menghe , An Yonglin , Liu Xin , Ji Min , Jia Cuiying , Ning Guiling
Published: August 2004

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Enantiopure Fluorous Bis(oxazolines): Synthesis and Applications in Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions.
Authors: Bayardon Jerome , Sinou Denis
Published: August 2004

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Metal Chelation in Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reaction (II).
Authors: Chung Kyoo‐Hyun , Chu Chan‐Kook , Chang Min‐Ho
Published: August 2004

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Sulfonium Ylide Epoxidation Reactions: Methylene Transfer.
Authors: Bellenie Benjamin R. , Goodman Jonathan M.
Published: August 2004

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Desymmetrization of meso‐Dienyne by Asymmetric Pauson—Khand Type Reaction Catalysts.
Authors: Jeong Nakcheol , Kim Dong Hoon , Choi Jun Hun
Published: August 2004

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Use of an Ionic Liquid in a Two‐Phase System to Improve an Alcohol Dehydrogenase Catalyzed Reduction.
Authors: Eckstein Marrit , Villela Filho Murillo , Liese Andreas , Kragl Udo
Published: August 2004

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Efficient and Selective Nickel‐Catalyzed Addition of H—P(O) and H—S Bonds to Alkynes.
Authors: Han Li‐Biao , Zhang Chen , Yazawa Hideaki , Shimada Shigeru
Published: August 2004

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Metal‐Controlled Selective [3 + 2] Cyclization Reactions of Alkenyl Fischer Carbene Complexes and Allenes.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Vicente Ruben , Barrio Pablo , Lopez Luis A. , Tomas Miguel
Published: August 2004

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A Novel and Direct Method for the Preparation of 4‐Amino‐1,1,3,3‐tetrasubstituted Guanidines and of [1,2,4]Triazolo‐Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives.
Authors: Abdul‐Ghani M. , Khattab Sh. N. , El‐Massry A. M. , El‐Faham A. , Amer Adel
Published: August 2004

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Studies of Rhodium‐Catalyzed Ring Opening of Vinyl Epoxides.
Authors: Ha Jae Du , Shin Eun Young , Kang Seung Kyu , Ahn Jin Hee , Choi Joong‐Kwon
Published: August 2004

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Green Protocol for the Synthesis of vicinal‐Halohydrins from Oxiranes Using the [Bmim]PF6/LiX Reagent System.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Reddy Ch. Srinivas , Rajasekhar K.
Published: August 2004

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Quinaldinium Fluorochromate and Quinaldinium Dichromate: Two New and Efficient Reagents for the Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Degirmenbasi Nebahat , Oezguen Beytiye
Published: August 2004

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Ethyl Acetates as a Pro‐Reducing Agent in a One‐Pot Reductive Deamination of Nitroanilines.
Authors: Bacherikov Valeriy A. , Wang May‐Jane , Cheng Shu‐Yun , Chen Ching‐Huang , Chen Kuo‐Tung , Su Tsann‐Long
Published: August 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Trimethylsilyl Enolates of Esters and Imides. High Functional Group Tolerance and Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Aryl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiang , Hartwig John F.
Published: August 2004

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Pd2(dba)3/P (i‐BuNCH2CH2)3N‐Catalyzed Stille Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Su Weiping , Urgaonkar Sameer , Verkade John G.
Published: August 2004

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Phosphine‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Enones and Enals Using Hypervalent Bismuth Reagents: Regiospecific Enolate Arylation via Nucleophilic Catalysis.
Authors: Koech Phillip K. , Krische Michael J.
Published: August 2004

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Extension of the Willgerodt—Kindler Reaction: Protected Carbonyl Compounds as Efficient Substrates for this Reaction.
Authors: Darabi Hossein Reza , Aghapoor Kioumars , Tajbakhsh Mahmoud
Published: August 2004

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Preparation of Weinreb Amides Using 4‐(4,6‐Dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium Chloride (DMT‐MM).
Authors: Hioki Kazuhito , Kobayashi Hiroko , Ohkihara Rumi , Tani Shohei , Kunishima Munetaka
Published: August 2004

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Williamson Reaction in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Xu Zhen Yuan , Xu Dan Qian , Liu Bao You
Published: August 2004

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Efficient and Convenient Deprotection of Thiocarbonyl to Carbonyl Compounds Using 3‐Carboxypyridinium and 2,2′‐Bipyridinium Chlorochromates in Solution, Dry Media, and under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Memarian Hamid Reza , Bahrami Kiumars
Published: August 2004

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Mild and Efficient Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Racemization of Allenes.
Authors: Horvath Attila , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: August 2004

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