bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 22‐year follow‐up of an endodontic implant
Authors: Wolff Jan , Sándor George K. , Forouzanfar Tim , Schulten Engelbert A. J. M. , Oikarinen Kyösti S.
Published: April 2015

Root fractures in the middle and apical thirds of the root are treated by repositioning and for approximately 6 weeks of immobilization while those in the cervical third are immobilized for 3 months. Even though the results are good, some root‐fractured teeth are lost and replaced by dental implants or fixed partial dentures. One historic but effective treatment option for those root fractures with unfavorable crown to root ratios is an endodontic implant in middle and apical third root fractures. This method offers immediate stable fixation of a crown and its coronal root segment to the underlying alveolar bone. This report documents the long‐term survival of a tooth treated with an endodontic implant. A 25‐year‐old male patient presented following a bicycle accident with a dislocated unfavorable root fracture in the middle third. The crown with the coronal root segment was secured to the bone using a commercially available endodontic implant. The apical part of the root was removed. Although the clinical and radiological follow‐up results of the endodontic implant demonstrated a good clinical function and little bone loss, the implant ultimately had to be removed after 22 years of service due to pain and increasing mobility.
Sustained activation of GABAA receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus mediates light‐induced phase delays of the circadian clock: a novel function of ionotropic receptors
Authors: Hummer Daniel L. , Ehlen J. Christopher , Larkin Tony E. , McNeill John K. , Pamplin John R. , Walker Colton A. , Walker Phillip V. , Dhanraj Daryl R. , Albers H. Elliott
Published: April 2015

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a circadian clock that generates endogenous rhythmicity and entrains that rhythmicity with the day–night cycle. The neurochemical events that transduce photic input within the SCN and mediate entrainment by resetting the molecular clock have yet to be defined. Because GABA is contained in nearly all SCN neurons we tested the hypothesis that GABA serves as this signal in studies employing Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Activation of GABAA receptors was found to be necessary and sufficient for light to induce phase delays of the clock. Remarkably, the sustained activation of GABAA receptors for more than three consecutive hours was necessary to phase‐delay the clock. The duration of GABAA receptor activation required to induce phase delays would not have been predicted by either the prevalent theory of circadian entrainment or by expectations regarding the duration of ionotropic receptor activation necessary to produce functional responses. Taken together, these data identify a novel neurochemical mechanism essential for phase‐delaying the ‘master’ circadian clock within the SCN as well as identifying an unprecedented action of an amino acid neurotransmitter involving the sustained activation of ionotropic receptors.
Frequency and specificity of red cell antibodies in thalassemia patients in Albania
Authors: Seferi I. , Xhetani M. , Face M. , Burazeri G. , Nastas E. , Vyshka G.
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Thalassemia major is a common hemoglobinopathy in Albania. However, there are no data available on the frequency of RBC alloimmunization and autoimmunization in transfusion‐dependent Albanian patients with thalassemia.

Methods

A total of 118 patients with thalassemia receiving regular transfusions were studied during 5 years with antibody screening. During this period, they were exclusively transfused with blood matched for ABO, Rhesus and Kell system. These patients were previously exposed to unmatched blood because of blood shortages.

Results

Fourteen of 118 (11, 8%) patients developed alloantibodies. Twelve (10, 1%) were already present at the start of the study. Only 2 (1, 7%) were formed after the application of a strict Rh and Kell matching policy. The most common antibody was anti‐K, followed by anti‐D, anti‐C, anti‐E, anti‐c, anti‐e, anti‐Jkb, and anti‐Cw. Three patients developed anti‐D plus anti‐C. Anti‐K was combined with Rh antibodies in two of five cases. Anti‐c was combined with anti‐E in two of three cases. The majority of antibodies (10/14) belonged to the Rh blood group system. With the exception of the anti‐Jkb and the anti‐Cw, all antibodies were already present at the beginning of the follow‐up period. During our follow‐up, 27 patients (22.8%) developed autoantibodies. A strong coincidence was found between the presence of alloantibodies and autoantibodies. Eleven of 14 (78%) of the patients with alloantibodies had also autoantibodies, whereas autoantibodies were found in 16 of 104 (15%) of patients with thalassemia without autoantibodies. The rate of alloantibody formation dropped from 10.1% to 1.7% after application of a strict Rh and Kell matching policy.

Conclusion

A policy of Rhesus and Kell matching without occasional exceptions greatly reduced the development of new alloantibodies and autoantibodies. Self‐sufficiency through regular blood donation is necessary for the full implementation of an extended match policy and the prevention of antibody formation in our patients.
AN INTERROGATIVE STUDY OF 142 PSORIASIS PATIENTS
Authors: Sehgal V.N. , Rege V.L. , Kharangate V.N.
Published: April 2015

The incidence of psoriasis was determined in 21,441 patients of dermatologic population, of which 142 were psoriasis, giving its incidence as 0.66 percent. The mean age in the males and females was computed as 33.1 and 33.7 years respectively, while the age at onset of the disease was almost similar in males and females. The emotional undertones were the major provocating factors, although trauma, parturition and infection were incriminated in a few cases. In 4.9 percent of psoriatics, the family history was suggestive. The duration of the disease was varying from a few days to a few years, more than 50 percent however reported before a years. Remissions and exacerbations were noticed in many patients with or without treatment, but seasonal variation had no significant influence on the course of the disease. Classical papulosquamous cutaneous rash and associated itching were the salient clinical features, although joint pains were featured in a few. Pitting, thickening and subungual hypertrophy were the main salient features in the nails. Very few patients had manifested clinical joint involvement, swelling of the distal interphalangeal joints being the commonest. Other associated diseases were rarely seen in these patients.
INDUCTION OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY BY EPIDERMAL MICROSOMES DINITROPHENYLATED IN VITRO
Authors: Nishioka Kiyoshi , Nishioka Kyoko , Aoki Toshiyuki , Tashiro Minoru
Published: April 2015

Epidermal microsomes were dinitrophenylated in various concentrations to obtain the optimum ratio of hapten to microsome for induction of contact sensitivity. The epidermal microsomes with 494 μg of dinitrophenyl residue produced sensitization, whereas the sensitizing ability of those with less than 114 μg of dinitrophenyl residue was incomplete or lacking. The optimum amount of dinitrophenyl residue for sensitization of all animals tested was much higher than that in the epidermal microsomes extracted from DNCB treated animals.

In order to exclude the possibility of free haptens trapped in the lipid component of the microsomal membranes being responsible for the results, Sanger's method of dinitrophenylation was used. (The epidermal microsomes prepared by Sanger's method also induced contact sensitivity.)

Dinitrophenylated microsomes from guinea pig livers and spleens induced contact sensitivity in some animals, but they were less effective inducers than the dinitrophenylated epidermal microsomes.
STUDIES OF COMMON BALDNESS IN THE STUMP‐TAILED MACAQUE
Authors: Takashima Iwao
Published: April 2015

Skin slices containing various types of hair follicles were obtained from both the bald and hairy regions of the scalp and from the chin and the back of adult stump‐tailed macaques and from the scalp of preadolescent and infant animals. These were incubated in TC 199 containing tritiated testosterone. Testosterone and its six metabolites were extracted and isolated by thin‐layer chromatography. The amounts extracted from anagen hair sheath, anagen hair bulb, and telogen hair sheath of both terminal and vellus hair were compared.

No statistically significant differences were obtained from the comparison of the means of each sample group. But the amount of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (5‐DHT) was comparatively higher than testosterone and androstenedione in the frontal area indifferent on age differences whereas the amount of 5‐DHT was lower in the occipital and back area.

These data suggest the existence of regional differences in testosterone metabolism in the scalp skin. No clue was provided to make clear the genesis of male‐pattern baldness in the stump‐tailed macaque.
THE ACTION OF TOPICAL VITAMIN A ACID ON NORMAL EPIDERMIS AND NON‐INVOLVED EPIDERMIS OF PSORIATICS
Authors: Mizumoto Toshihiro , Aoyagi Takashi , Ohkawara Akira , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

Topical application under occlusion of 0.1% Vitamin A Acid (VAA) in polyethylene glycol to the non‐involved skin of psoriatics and to the skin of normal controls resulted in keratolysis, acanthosis, glycogen accumulation, and increased enzyme activity, though the changes are more marked in the former. Those changes occurred during the first week of application and did not progress further, in fact continued application resulted in a biochemical return toward normal.

A Koebner phenomenon was not seen and the test is therefore not useful in bringing out latent psoriasis.
EVALUATION OF SKIN PATCH TESTS USING SUMP METHOD
Authors: Kawai Kyozo
Published: April 2015

The potential to cause a primary irritant reaction is usually evaluated by clinically recognizable dermatitis at the site of patch testing. Such evaluation is difficult in the case of substances with low irritancy potential which sometimes fail to cause grossly visible signs of dermatitis. In those cases a higher concentration of the test substance may be used in order to produce a visible reaction, but such concentrations may lead to unnecessary irritation and are of little value in determining the safety of the substance in concentrations of practical use.

The microscopic appearance of normal human skin observed on a skin replica made by Susuki's Universal Microscopic Printing (SUMP method) has been reported previously by the author (9). In the present study, patch test reactions which fail to produce grossly visible inflammation were observed for microscopic changes by the SUMP method. The patches were applied to the upper arms of normal humans for 24 hours and then the test sites were observed for gross inflammation and microscopically by the SUMP method. Numerical scores were assigned to grade each microscopic change produced in the skin surface and total scores were used to grade the irritancy reaction produced. These scores were compared to results using Zontes TA‐430, which has been used for over 10 years as a softening agent of fibers and was used in this study as a control chemical substance with no irritancy. The results revealed microscopic changes provoked by irritants too weak to produce gross inflammation. A criteria for grading cutaneous primary irritant reactions by microscopic findings was determined.
IMMUNOLOGIC PHENOMENA IN HERPES GESTATIONIS THEIR PATHOGENIC AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE*
Authors: Jablonska Stefania , Chorzelski Tadeusz P. , Maciejowska Eva , Jarzabek‐Chorzelska Maria , Beutner Ernst H.
Published: April 2015

Immunopathologic studies performed in six cases of herpes gestationis revealed a highly characteristic pattern, notably 1) BMZ deposits of complement component C3 predominates, 2) Most biopsy specimens also contain C4 and C5, 3) Deposits of C4, C5, properdin and IgG were variable in different specimens of given patients. About half of the specimens examined contained properdin and about one fourth stained for IgG, 4) Findings of IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE were consistently negative, 4) Serum findings of BMZ antibodies in given cases were variable. In two of eight cases circulating BMZ antibodies were detected in one of the samples examined. Based on these findings it seems that HG is related to BP.
FREEZE‐ETCHING OBSERVATIONS OF CANDIDA ALBICANS
Authors: Hasegawa Teruhiko
Published: April 2015

Freeze‐etching observations of Candida albicans were performed. The surface structure of the cell wall was smooth. The cytoplasmic membrane and mitochondria were clearly observed. This technique provides new information.
ANAGEN HAIR BULB MELANOCYTES IN MITOSIS A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: Sato Syozo , Nishijima Akiko , Hiraga Kyoko , Hidano Akira
Published: April 2015

Human anagen scalp hair bulb melanocytes in mitosis were observed by electron microscopy. The metaphase melanocytes were found to maintain their cytologic characteristics, and their perikarya to retain a relatively large number of melanosomes. The relationship between mitosis of a melanocyte and its melanogenic activity is presently being investigated.
THE EFFECT OF TOPICALLY APPLIED γ‐ORYZANOL ON SEBACEOUS GLANDS
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Hayakawa Ritsuko , Hoshino Shimpei , Kobayashi Mie
Published: April 2015

The action of topically applied γ‐Oryzanol (triterpineol ester with ferulic acid) on the sebaceous glands was investigated using the double blind method. 1% γ‐Oryzanol ointment, and the ointment base as control, were applied symmetrically to the backs of rats in the same hair cycle stage. The turnover time of sebaceous gland cells was examined by quantitating 8H‐thymidine incorporation and colchicine‐arrested mitosis.

The labeling index and arrested mitosis values were significantly elevated by the topical application of γ‐Oryzanol. Elevation of these values was paralleled by an increase in sebum production (reported in a previous paper) (4), showing that sebaceous gland cells are stimulated by γ‐Oryzanol.

Other than sex hormones, γ‐Oryzanol is the only substance known to stimulate sebaceous glands by topical application.
PURIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDO‐RHAMNOGALACTAN FROM SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
Authors: Nakamura Yoichi
Published: April 2015

A biologically active peptido‐rhamnogalactan was isolated from disrupted Sporothrix schenckii yeast cells by sodium deoxycholate extraction and was further purified by DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 chromatography. This fraction, 60.6% sugar and 3.0% nitrogen, was active in delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in sporotrichosis patients and also cross‐reacted serologically with a peptido‐rhamnomannan isolated from Sporothrix schenckii culture filtrates. These results suggest strong that L‐rhamnose, α‐1, 2 linked, is more important in determining the serological specificity of Sporothrix schenckii than the α‐1, 3 linked L‐rhamnose or the mannan backbone of the peptido‐rhamnomannans so far studied by others.
EFFECT OF TOPICAL APPLICATION OF MEDICINAL GRADE PETROLATUM ON VARIOUS SPECIES OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AND MAN
Authors: Budhiraja R.D. , Bala S. , Garg K.N.
Published: April 2015

Medicinal grade yellow and white petrolatum (soft paraffin) were tested for dermatoxic effects on laboratory animals and man. Yellow petrolatum produced redness, thickening of skin, hyperkeratosis and reversible total hair loss in rabbit and rat but no dermatoxic effect was observed in man and dog. White petrolatum which is similar in composition to yellow petrolatum produced less redness and keratosis. Refluxing of yellow soft paraffin with 95% alcohol could dissolve out dermatoxic fraction. The results have been discussed and it is suggested that drugs with petrolatum as ointment base should not be tested on rats and rabbits as petrolatum itself is dermatoxic in these species.
PHOTOTOXIC REACTION TO XANTHENE DYES INDUCED BY VISIBLE LIGHT
Authors: Morikawa Fujio , Fukuda Minoru , Naganuma Masako , Nakayama Yasuhisa
Published: April 2015

Many dyes, for instance methylene blue, rose bengal, and eosin, are known as photosensitizers, and in the presence of molecular oxygen they induce cell lethality and skin photosensitivity (1–4). Several dyes are used in cosmetic products, particularly in lipsticks. Human lip skin is therefore exposed to potential danger from dye‐sensitized phototoxic reactions. Using an in vivo system of mammalian skin, such as the abdominal skin of rabbits, we established screening tests for the phototoxic potential of synthetic dyes in two ways: (a) intracutaneous injection; (b) topical application with and without damaging the barrier property of the stratum corneum.

In the intracutaneous injection assay, distinct phototoxic reactions were induced by rose bengal, eosin Y.S., and dibromofluorescein. When these dyes were applied topically to intact skin, no phototoxic reactions were observed. Phototoxic reactions were, however, elicited when the dye solutions were applied to abraded or scratched skin. The intensity of phototoxic reaction was found to be influenced by the vehicle in which the dyes were suspended.

Phototoxic reaction to the dyes was induced by artificial light as well as by sunlight. By using commercially available fluorescent lamps with different spectral emissions, the action spectra for the phototoxic reaction to these dyes were investigated and it was found that the maximum phototoxicities of the dyes were manifested by light within a spectral range of 400–600 nm. Further studies on action spectra, using a monochromatic irradiation system, revealed a high correlation between the action spectra of the dyes and their absorption spectra. Maximum effective wavelength for the phototoxic reaction of eosin Y.S. was 525 nm.

This topical as well as intradermal assay for assesing phototoxic reaction to synthetic dyes in living skin will be a practical and useful measure for studying the phototoxicity of the dyes.
A STUDY OF MULTICENTRIC RETICULOHISTIOCYTOSIS (LIPOID DERMATOARTHRITIS)
Authors: Ikezawa Zenro , Nakajima Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is presented, with typical clinical, roentgenologic, and histologic features. The characteristic giant cells were seen in skin nodules, mucosal nodules, synovial and bony lesions of the joints, and tenosynovial cysts. Corticosteroid therapy produced a subjective improvement, but the arthritis mutilans did not improve.

Laboratory studies showed iron‐deficiency anemia, hypertriglyceridemia (hyperprebetalipo‐proteinemia), a low response to the unstimulated and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium test of neutrophils, and a decreased activity in the glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase of polimorphonuclear leucocytes before corticosteroid therapy. The histochemical examination of the material in the giant cells showed a lipid (a phospholipid and a neutral fat), and a polysaccharide attached to a protein (a muco‐ or glycoprotein). Electron microscopic studies of the giant cells indicated that their cytoplasm contained numerous dense granules clustered in the vicinity of the Golgi apparatus. In some areas the granules appeared to be developing from the Golgi vesicles and cisternas.

It seemed likely that the storage material was produced within the giant cells. We also discussed the pathogenesis of this disorder.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF PEMPHIGUS ANTIBODIES WITHIN THE EPIDERMIS
Authors: Masutani Mamoru , Shoji Michiko , Taneda Akio , Ogawa Hideoki , Miyazaki Hiroaki
Published: April 2015

Ultrastructural localization of pemphigus autoantibodies has been studied, using the periodatelysine‐paraformaldehyde fixation method of McLean et al.

The deposition of pemphigus autoantibodies was always found in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis, but not observed between the basal surface of basal cells and the basal lamina. Within desmosomes, a linear deposition of antibodies was also found, coresponding to the intermediate dense layer of Odland.
THE ROLE OF LYMPHOID CELLS AND POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PSORIASIS
Authors: Cormane R.H. , Hunyadi J. , Hamerlinck F.
Published: April 2015

The occurrence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in eluates of lymphoid cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained in seven untreated psoriasis patients could be demonstrated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique.

These antibodies appear to be non‐species‐specific and are mainly directed against the nuclei of the basal cell layer of uninvolved skin, but also ANA directed against the nuclei of epidermal and dermal cells have been encountered.

Moreover a significant decrease of circulating lymphoid cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes have been found in the patients studied, suggesting a diminution of the T‐cell control.

The immunological mechanisms in psoriasis may therefore be looked upon as being the result of a lack of certain T‐cell suppressor genes facilitating the recognition of nuclear basal cell self‐antigens and a subsequent production of multiclonal anti‐basal cell nuclear antibodies. These antibodies may interfere with the function of membrane bound enzymes which serve as a regulatory epidermal control mechanism.

Various exogenous and endogenous factors may help to initiate the immune response leading to a cell‐mediated immune response at the onset of a lesion and an Arthus type reaction located in the upper layers of the epidermis at a later stage of the disease.

Consequently the course of events in psoriasis is a self perpetuating inflammatory process.
EVALUATION OF RAST IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Takahashi Isamu , Akiyama Tomio , Yamaura Hideaki , Sasaoka Kazuo , Anan Sadao
Published: April 2015

Eighty‐two patients with atopic dermatitis were examined for specific IgE antibodies by RAST. A higher number of positive RAST reactions were found in patients with high serum IgE values and with coexisting asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Positive RAST reactions against mite and house dust were found in many of these patients and even in about one‐half of patients with atopic dermatitis only. The comparisons between intradermal tests and RAST were made with various allergens and the mite extract showed the best agreement between these two tests.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PITYRIASIS ROSEA (GIBERT)
Authors: Takaki Yasunobu , Koshiyama Yoji , Watanabe Schuichi
Published: April 2015

In order to elucidate the immunological mechanism in the pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea, immunofluorescent studies were performed on sera obtained from forty patients with this disease. Antibodies against the cytoplasm of normal human epidermal cells were demonstrated in the sera of all patients. The antibody titer showed a tendency to increase within 3 weeks after onset of secondary eruptions and then to decrease gradually until the period of recovery. The immunoglobulin class was determined to be IgM. Furthermore, by the direct immunofluorescent technique, deposits of IgM in the epidermal cells of skin lesions were demonstrated in 3 of 6 herald lesions and in 1 of 4 secondary eruptions.

It is suggested that anti‐cytoplasmic antibodies produced by some unknown cause may induce the development of secondary eruptions of this disease.
DERMATITIS GANGRENOSA INFANTUM
Authors: Himi Akiko , Ishizaki Hiroshi , Okada Tadahiko
Published: April 2015

A case of a 4‐month‐old girl with dermatitis gangrenosa infantum is reported. The lesions were seen on the cheeks and later at the site of blood examination on the earlobes. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and then by skin grafting.
COLLOID DEGENERATION OF THE SKIN
Authors: Kawashima Yoshio , Matsubara Tameaki , Kinbara Takeshi , Hirone Takae , Kitamura Kiyotaka , Himi Akiko , Ohkubo Tatsuya
Published: April 2015

A patient with multiple nodules on the chin and scalp is presented. Histologically, the nodules were composed of amorphous materials which also completely filled up the whole dermis. Histochemical observation indicated that the amorphous material in the nodule was a kind of glycoprotein. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the material consists of short wavy fibrils, 60 to 100 A in diameter, and of a low electron‐dense amorphous substance. Biochemical examination supported the view that the amorphous material is so‐called sialomucoid. The nodules were finally diagnosed as colloid degeneration of the skin (nodular type).
THE EFFECTS OF CASTRATION AND TESTOSTERONE ADMINISTRATION ON MAST CELLS AND HYDROXYPROLINE IN RAT SKIN
Authors: Hagiyama Masaharu , Arata Jiro , Tanioku Kihei
Published: April 2015

In rat skin of both sexes, significantly higher concentrations of mast cells were observed in the genital area as compared with the skin of the back. The hydroxyproline (HPL) value in the preputial skin was half that in the dorsal skin. The influence of castration and the administration of testosterone on male rat skin mast cells and HPL were investigated. A possible relationship was pointed out between HPL value and the mast cell population of the skin.
EVALUATION OF TONSILLECTOMY AS A TREATMENT FOR PUSTULOSIS PALMAR1S ET PLANTARIS
Authors: Ono Tomomichi
Published: April 2015

Two hundred and eighty five cases of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP), of which 73 cases (25.6%) underwent tonsillectomy, were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of tonsillectomy as a treatment for PPP. The group of tonsillectomized patients showed significantly better results than a group which received other methods of treatment. A tendency to leukocytosis was observed in PPP which normalized, in many cases, after tonsillectomy. The shorter the period between the onset of PPP and tonsillectomy the better the results, and the quicker the response. A transient worsening of PPP after tonsillectomy did not after the prognosis.

In order to determine if tonsillectomy was indicated, an ultrashort wave direct provocation test was conducted in which ultrashort wave was applied to the tonsil. Leukocytosis and worsening of PPP after the test was considered as an indication for tonsillectomy. In some cases, there were considerable changes in plasma Cortisol levels and NBT test values after the provocation test.

Improvement of PPP after the Impretol test (one of the annulation tests) in which Impretol was injected into the tonsil, appears to support the focal infection origin of PPP in these cases. There is a possibility that the Impretol test could be used as a treatment for PPP.
A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CORYNEBACTERIUM ACNES
Authors: Takizawa Kiyohiro
Published: April 2015

Forty‐nine strains of anaerobic gram‐positive rods were used in a systematic study of their biochemical and physiological reactions and morphological characteristics and were also subjected to gas chromatographic analyses in an effort to classify them as strains of Corynebacterium acnes (C. acnes). The strains were isolated both from lesions in acne vulgaris and from normal skin. According to their biochemical and physiological characters, these 49 strains were divided into six subgroups (Subgroup A–F). They were also separated into two morphological types. The larger of these two types included gram‐positive, unevently staining pleomorphic rods (35 strains); the smaller type contained shorter coccal rods similar to Peptostreptococci (14 strains). The macroscopic appearance of the colonies of both types was the same. All strains of the smaller type showed the same biochemical and physiological characteristics which were of the saccharolytic type (Subgroup B) suggesting a close relationship between the microscopic appearance of the strains and their biochemical and physiological characteristics. Upon microscopical observation, the changing the pH of the media did not cause any transformation of the organism from one type to another. Between pH 6.0 and 6.5 all strains grew well but above pH 8.0 growth wai poor. The gas chromatographic analyses demonstrated that selected sample strains from each of the six subgroups showed the same characteristic chromatograph, suggesting that they could be of the same species, i.e., C. acnes.
A CASE OF SCHÖNLEIN‐HENOCH‐PURPURA: AN IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Namba Masako , Kohda Mamoru , Gotoh Masako , Nakagawa Shôjiro , Ueki Hiroaki
Published: April 2015

A case of Schönlein‐Henoch‐purpura is presented. The immunofluorescent study of skin lesions of the patient showed granular deposits of IgA and C3 in the blood vessel walls perivascular deposits of plasminogen and diffuse localization of fibrin and fibrinogen in the upper dermis. Complement activation via the alternative pathway through IgA, C3 and plasminogen deposits was suggested.
OBSERVATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF BROWN PIGMENT GRANULES FOUND IN THE CHROMATED SKIN A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Takaiwa Takashi
Published: April 2015

A histochemical study of the presence of catecholamine‐containing cells (chromaffin cells) in human skin which had been treated by chromate‐bichromate solution according to Hillarp and Hökfelt then counter‐stained with various methods, was carried out.

Small numbers of brown granules were disclosed in the upper part of the chromated normal dermis. They stained green with Giemsa or toluidine blue, showing similar staining properties to the adrenal medulla of rabbits treated in the same way. They were also found in large numbers in nevus pigmentosus and blue nevi, but were rarely seen in Recklinghausen's disease and atopic dermatitis.

Although the above‐mentioned brown pigment is not likely to be catecholamine, other possibilities of the nature of the granules are discussed, with special reference to melanin and lipid pigment.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN THE DERMO‐EPIDERMAL JUNCTION OF PATIENT WITH BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
Authors: Masutani Mamoru , Ogawa Hideoki , Taneda Akio , Shoji Michiko , Miyazaki Hiroaki
Published: April 2015

Skin biopsy specimens were taken from peripheral skin of a bullous eruption of three patients with bullous pemphigoid. For immunoelectron microscopy these tissue blocks were fixed with periodate‐lysine‐paraformaldehyde. This fixation method turned out to be adequate for preservation of both tissue structure and antigenicity. The deposition of immunoglobulin and complements was observed to gradually decrease from the basal surface of the basal cells to the basal lamina. It is suggested that the antigenic substance of bullous pemphigoid is localized along the basal surface of the basal cells.
EPIDERMAL CELL MEMBRANE AS THE ORIGIN OF PEMPHIGUS ANTIGEN
Authors: Nishioka Kiyoshi , Hashimoto Koji , Katayama Ichiro , Kikkawa Akihiko , Sano Shigeharu
Published: April 2015

The substance bound to the pemphigus antibody (P‐Ab), pemphigus antigen, was removed from the surface of the keratinocytes of both human and guinea pigs with high concentrations of trypsin. When keratinocytes were cultured for more than 24 hours, the antigen reappeared on the surface. Furthermore, P‐Ab was recovered from the P‐Ab treated cultured cells by acid treatment.

Cell membranes were prepared from human keratinocytes in order to determine whether or not the antigen was situated on their surface. The antigen was also detected on the surface of the cell membrane. As the membrane was found to be able to absorb P‐Ab, the antigen was extracted from the membrane by papain digestion and P‐Ab coated Sepharose column chromatography. The eluate from the column was also able to block P‐Ab activity. At the same time, the culture supernatant of both human and guinea pig keratinocytes was examined for its ability to block P‐Ab activity. The culture supernatant showed a slight ability to block P‐Ab. The origin and nature of the antigen was discussed.
AN APOCRINE TUMOR OF THE GROIN
Authors: Oka Kichiro , Nitto Heita
Published: April 2015

A tumor on the groin of a twentyseven year old woman was reported. It consisted of hamartomatous apocrine sweat structures, apocrine cystadenoma and adenoid basal cell epithelioma interconnected within a single connective tissue capsule. To our knowledge, this tumor is the first case of an apocrine tumor having this location and histology with each component representing differentiation of the duct and/or the secretory portion of the apocrine gland to differing degrees in a single lesion. It was hypothesized that the cystadenoma and the basal cell epithelioma had both originated from the latent apocrine hamartoma.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MULTIPLE GLOMUS TUMORS
Authors: Tamaki Kunihiko , Hino Haruko , Ishibashi Yasumasa
Published: April 2015

Glomus cells of multiple glomus tumors were studied by electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed that the glomus cells are very similar to smooth muscle cells. Inside the glomus tumor, dome‐shaped and cobblestone‐like structures were found by scanning electron microscope. It is suggested that these structures are composed of endothelial cells and glomus cells.
THE PATTERN OF FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN HUMAN SKIN FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO MIDDLE‐WAVELENGTH ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT OR PSORALEN AND LONG‐WAVE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
Authors: Shigemi Fumio , Shiraishi Satoshi , Urano Yoshio , Ohsaki Masafumi
Published: April 2015

This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the time sequence of tissue fibrinolytic activity in human skin following UVB or UVA after topically applicated psoralen using Todd's technique of fibrinolytic autography.

Tissue fibrinolytic activity increased in the upper dermis for one to six hours after exposure to psoralen and subseqent UVA, when erythema responses were absent. The return to a normal pattern of fibrinolysis occured in the upper dermis 12–18 hours after treatment with psoralen and UVA, and then psoralen‐UVA‐induced erythema responses began. These responses were maximal 96 hours after treatment with psoralen and UVA, although no fibrinolytic activity was found in the upper dermis. Little change was observed in the lower dermal activity throughout the course of these responses.

After UVB irradiation, a transient increase in fibrinolytic activity occured, with a normal pattern of lysis returning in the lower dermis at 12–18 hours. In the lower dermis an increase was observed at one to 6 hours although the activity in the upper dermis had already decreased. UVB erythema responses appeared within this period, were maximal at 6–12 hours, and declined gradually after 12 hours concomitantly with the activity in the upper and lower dermis. The upper dermal activity disappeared at 18 hours, while the lower dermal activity was not found after 72 hours.
ACQUIRED PERIUNGUAL FIBROMA
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Ishii Yoshimitsu , Inoue Shohei
Published: April 2015

It has been confirmed that an acquired periungual fibroma which developed in a 44 year‐old Japanese male X‐ray technician arose either in the dermis proximal to the nail matrix or between the proximal nail fold and the nail matrix. This disease may be a topographical variant of acquired digital fibrokeratoma.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHÇET'S DISEASE AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL X‐RAY MICROANALYSIS OF PATHOLOGICAL TISSUES
Authors: Hori Yoshiaki , Miyazawa Shichiro , Nishiyama Shigeo , Miyata Mikio , Ishikawa Satoshi
Published: April 2015

Environmental chemicals (benzene hexachloride(BHC) and dichlor diphenyl trichlor ethane(DDT) as organic chlorides, Sumithion as an organic phosphorated compound and copper powder) were mixed together and administered orally to pedigreed Pitman‐Moor's strain miniature swine for a period of about one year. Oral aphthae, folliculitis, cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules, genital ulcers, hyperemia of conjunctiva and intestinal ulcers were observed in all treated animals.

Biopsy and autopsy specimens obtained from the experimental animals showed typical histopathological findings of human Behçet's disease.

By ultrastructural X‐ray microanalysis of peripheral neutrophils, vascular endothelial cells and infiltrated cells in affected lesions obtained from the experimental animals, highly significant amounts of chlorine and phosphorus were detected, mainly in the lysosomes.

The incidence of Behçet's disease has been reported in countries where pesticides made from organic chlorine, organic phosphorus, arsenic and copper compounds have been used in massive amounts.

Therefore, our findings suggest that these environmental chemicals play a main role in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease.
REFLECTION ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOGRAPHY IN DERMATOLOGY
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Idemori Masahiro , Uchimura Hideo , Inoue Shohei
Published: April 2015

Our experiences in reflection ultraviolet (UV) photography with special and conventional equipment are described. Although special lenses have advantages over conventional lenses such as in the transmission of ultraviolet radiation, it is established that reflection UV photography is possible with usual 35 mm single lens reflex cameras and 60 mm twin lens reflex cameras. Photography of semitranslucent material revealed that ultraviolet radiation is reflected from upper layers than visible light.
COMPLEMENT FIXING ANTIBODY TO VARICELLA‐ZOSTER VIRUS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors: Hata Seiichiro
Published: April 2015

Complement fixing antibody to varicella‐zoster virus was studied in sera from 619 persons not suffering from varicella or herpes zoster.

The average incidence of the antibody was 23%. There were three points of the high incidence of the antibody, observed in the 10–14, 36–39 and over 60 years age groups which corresponds well to the frequency of varicella and herpes zoster found in or near the above groups.
STATISTICAL SURVEY OF 100 CASES OF SPOROTRICHOSIS
Authors: Kariya Hideo , Iwatsu Tokio
Published: April 2015

A statistical survey of 100 cases of sporotrichosis at the Dermatological Clinic of Chiba University Hospital from May, 1965 to June, 1975 was reported. The proportion of sporotrichosis cases to the total number of outpatients and to the total dermatomycoses was 0.14% and 1.8%. It has increased gradually since 1969. Greater percentage of cases fell into the less than 11 year old or more than 40 year old age groups. Females were more affected than males. Half of the cases occured in farmers. Geographic distribution was remarkable. 44 cases had a history of injury. 62 cases showed the cutaneous lymphatic type and 38 cases showed the localized cutaneous type. The face and upper extremities were the most affected. The sporotrichin test was positive in 41 of 42 cases. The causative organism was demonstrated in tissue sections in 97 of 99 cases.
CYTOMORPHOGENESIS AND MELANOSOME TRANSFER DURING MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION IN MELANOCYTES AND MELANOMA CELLS
Authors: Jimbow Kowichi
Published: April 2015

The relation between cellular differentiation and associated cytomorphogenesis and secretion in pigment cells was studied by using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Cytomorphogenesis and the related transfer of melanosomes was compared in epidermal melanocytes of guniea pigs and melanoma cells of mice grown in culture.

Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that melanocytes and melanoma cells have a different surface structure, which is modified according to cellular differentiation. The melanocytes and their dendrites possess poorly developed villous pods or microvillies. The dendrites secrete melanosomes extracellularly in the vicinity or on the surface of keratinocytes. Melanoma cells, on the other hand, reveal well developed villous pods which are often directly attached to the surface of the dish. Thus villous pods do not appear to play any part in the melanosome transfer. Also, the melanoma cells do not transfer melanosomes as often as do the melanocytes. Furthermore melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes after being secreted extracellularly.

Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the melanocytes and melanoma cells contain 5 nm filaments responsible for anchoring the cells to the dish in vitro. Epidermal melanocytes also contain numerous 10 nm filaments that are motile organelle and induce a motive force for melanosome transfer.
APPLICATION OF PROTEIN A TO THE STUDY OF PEMPHIGUS ANTIBODIES
Authors: Miyagawa Sachiko , Hashimoto Ken , Judd Kenneth , Lever Walter F.
Published: April 2015

FITC‐labeled staphylococcal protein A was used to detect pemphigus antibodies. The results showed that protein A was specific in the systems tested, although it was not as sensitive as FITC‐anti IgG in indirect immunofluorescence tests. Protein A‐adsorbent was used to isolate IgG from pemphigus serum samples. Recovery of pemphigus antibody activity was a mean of 57.1 percent, as high as that of DEAE chromatography. We consider protein A to be an alternative to monospecific anti IgG for detection of pemphigus antibodies and for purification of IgG from pemphigus sera.
THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IN PSORIASIS VULGARIS
Authors: Ozawa Akira , Matsuo Itsuro , Niizuma Kan , Ohkido Muneo , Nose Yoshisuke , Inouye Hiroo , Tsuji Kimiyoshi
Published: April 2015

HLA‐C typing was performed on 40 unrelated Japanese patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The patient group consisted of 22 patients who had psoriatic HLA antigens i.e., B13 in seven cases, B17 in one case and B37 in 14 cases; and 18 patients who had none of these specific HLA antigens. HLA‐C typing was also performed on 40 unrelated healthy Japanese controls. Cw6 was found in 55.0% of the patients as compared with 5.0% of the healthy controls. All patients (21 cases) who had either B13 or B37 were positive for Cw6. Both controls who were positive for Cw6 also had B37. These results suggest the possibility of a linkage disequilibrium between Cw6 from locus C and B13 and B37 from locus B, and/or an association between Cw6 and susceptibility to psoriasis.
A CASE OF MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA OF THE NODULAR, POORLY DIFFERENTIATED LYMPHOCYTIC TYPE
Authors: Igarashi Minoru , Katoh Taizo , Seiji Makoto , Abe Masao
Published: April 2015

A case of malignant lymphoma of the nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic type was presented. The patient, a 72‐year‐old woman, exhibited cutaneous nodules, generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Treatment with two courses of steroid therapy and radiotherapy was carried out. After this therapy, skin tumors responded excellently. Histopathological findings of lymph nodes included proliferating forms of lymphoid tumor cells consisting of nodular and diffuse patterns. Peripheral lymphoid tumor cells, which had cleaved nuclei, clear nucleoli and mitoses were 30% increased in peripheral lymphocytes. Furthermore, the percentage of B cells in the subpopulation of peripheral lymphocytes was high, and that of T cells was low.

In the present report, the histopathological and autopsy findings were studied, and some aspects of the classification of malignant lymphoma were discussed.
PLAQUE TYPE SYRINGOMA
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Idemori Masahiro , Okazaki Michiharu
Published: April 2015

Special types of syringoma include eruptive syringoma (1) and syringoma on the vulva and on the upper extremities (2). We present a large one, 1×5 cm in size, found on the right side of the neck, and preoperatively diagnosed as nevus sebaceus.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CORRELATION OF ANTI‐NATIVE DNA ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNE COMPLEX LEVEL IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Deng Jau‐Shyong , Lü Yau‐Chin , Shieh Shiow‐Hua
Published: April 2015

The clinical significance and correlation of anti‐native DNA antibodies and immune complex level were evaluated in the present study. Anti‐DNA antibodies were measured by radioimmunoassay using I125‐labeled DNA and immune complex was screened using the polyethylene glycol precipitation method. Anti‐DNA antibodies of higher than 40 units/ml were found exclusively in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, especially in patients with lupus nephritis. The level of anti‐DNA antibodies was found to be directly correlated with the disease activity. Higher amounts of circulating immune complexes could be found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, and other diseases. The patients with more active lupus erythematosus also tended to have higher amounts of immune complexes, but the correlation was not so definite. There was also no reliable correlation between anti‐DNA activity and immune complex level.
TREATMENT OF PEMPHIGUS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Authors: Piamphongsant Thada
Published: April 2015

An initial combination of moderated doses of prednisone or prednisolone and cyclophosphamide seemed to be rapidly effective in controlling pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus with minimal side effects. An appropriate schedule of treatment is proposed. The clinical response correlated very well with the decreased titers of pemphigus antibodies which became negative within six months. Elevated serum immunoglobulin levels returned to normal in most of the cases.
DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF 5‐S‐CYSTEINYLDOPA IN MELANOTIC AND AMELANOTIC MELANOMA IN COMPARISON WITH NONPIGMENT CELL TUMORS AND IT'S URINARY EXCRETION
Authors: Mojamdar Manoj , Ichihashi Masamitsu , Mishima Yutaka
Published: April 2015

Recent investigations have shown that two major catechols, 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa and dopa are formed during melanogenesis. 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa has been shown to play a role in pheomelanogensis. The levels of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa were estimated in tumors and urine of melanoma patients and were compared with those of non‐melanoma subjects. All melanotic melanomas, both primary and metastatic, contained substantial amounts of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa. Urinary excretion of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa increased with the duration of melanoma. The clinical and biological significance of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa levels in estimating the extent of metastasis are discussed together with other clinical data from melanoma subjects.
NEVOID BASAL CELL EPITHELIOMA SYNDROME IN JAPAN
Authors: Tanaka Masasuke , Ohtsuka Toshio , Iwata Katsumi , Ueda Naoki , Kumano Osamu , Arase Seiji
Published: April 2015

A 49‐year‐old Japanese man with typical features of nevoid basal cell epithelioma syndrome is reported. The patient had cystic lesions of the jaw bone, multiple basal cell epitheliomas of the scalp and face, pits on the palms and soles, bifid ribs, scoliosis and calcification of the falx cerebri. In Japan five certain cases have been reported previously. We added one new case and reviewed the other five cases briefly.
INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI ACHROMIANS (ITO)
Authors: Hata Seiichiro , Endo Hidehiko , Yabuuchi Hyakuji
Published: April 2015

A patient with incontinentia pigmenti achromians was reported. She displayed other abnormalities such as a saddle nose, malformed auricles, growth retardation, convulsions and abnormal EEG. Histopathologically, a partial decrease in melanin granules in the basal layer and the presence of melanocytes which showed a weak dopa reaction were the main findings. The hypo‐function of melanin production was detected by electron microscopy.