bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of the digital economy on the coordinated development of green agriculture and food security: evidence from China
Authors: Tian Jing , Liu Chang , Ma Guowei
Published: November 2024

Promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and food security is important for global sustainable development, and digital economy is a potential path to realizing this goal. Using panel data of 30 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) in China from 2014 to 2021, this study applies the entropy weight method and the coupling coordination degree model to measure the development of the digital economy and the coordination of green agriculture and food security. Moreover, the study constructs fixed-effects and spatial spillover effect models to determine the effect of the digital economy on the coordination of green agriculture and food security. We find a positive development trend between digital economy and coordination development in China, with no evident polarization phenomenon. The digital economy can effectively promote the coordinated development of green agriculture and food security, and has positive spatial spillover effects. Our findings expand the research related to the digital economy, and contribute to the promotion of sustainable agricultural development and food security.
Tourism and farmers' economic transformation: lessons from North Toraja
Authors: Yusriadi Yusriadi , Cahaya Andi , Masriadi Masriadi
Published: November 2024

Farm diversification is becoming increasingly important for farmers in developing countries to improve economic resilience, especially with the increasing instability of agricultural markets. Agritourism, as one of the diversification strategies, can provide farmers with an alternative source of income. However, the factors influencing this diversification decision, particularly in rural areas such as North Toraja, Indonesia, still need to be fully understood. This qualitative research aims to understand the factors that influence farmers' livelihood diversification decisions in North Toraja, focusing on the role of agritourism and its implications for economic resilience and sustainable development. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 North Toraja farmers who have yet to diversify their businesses. The results showed that farmers' diversification decisions are influenced by several factors, including internal motivation (such as income generation opportunities and lifestyle needs), resource availability (land, capital, skills), market conditions (demand for agricultural products and agritourism services), and accessibility (strategic location and good access). The analysis also revealed that 83% of farmers were motivated by income generation opportunities, while 60% considered capital and location important factors in diversification. Farm diversification through agritourism provides additional income opportunities and contributes to farmers' economic resilience. This research emphasizes that diversification decisions are complex processes influenced by economic, social, and cultural factors. The results of this study provide insights into the dynamics of farmers' diversification decisions and provide policy implications to support sustainable rural development through agritourism.
CSF flow measurement in the mesencephalic aqueduct using 2D cine phase-contrast MRI in dogs with communicating internal hydrocephalus, ventriculomegaly, and physiologic ventricular spaces
Authors: Farke Daniela , Dörn Francesca , Schaub Sebastian , Wenz Ella , Büttner Katharina , Schmidt Martin J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Brachycephalic dogs are overrepresented with ventricular enlargement. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics are not completely understood. MRI techniques have been used for the visualization of CSF dynamics including phase-contrast imaging.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine a causality between CSF flow and ventriculomegaly or hydrocephalus and to compare CSF flow dynamics among dogs with ventriculomegaly, internal hydrocephalus, and physiologic ventricles.

Animals

A total of 51 client-owned dogs were included in the study.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based FLASH sequences and phase-contrast images of the brain were obtained, and the ROI was placed at the level of the mesencephalic aqueduct. ECG monitoring was performed parallel to MRI acquisition. Evaluation of flow diagrams and processing of phase-contrast images were performed using commercially available software (Argus VA80A, Siemens AG Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany). Dogs were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of brachycephalic dogs with ventriculomegaly (group 1A) or internal hydrocephalus (group 1B), group 2 consisted of brachycephalic dogs with normal ventricles, and group 3 consisted of meso- to dolichocephalic dogs with normal ventricles.

Results

Group 1 had a higher median Vrost (4.32 cm/s; CI: 2.94–6.33 cm/s) and Vcaud (−6.1 cm/s, CI: 3.99–9.33 cm/s) than group 2 (Vrost: 1.99 cm/s; CI 1.43–2.78 cm/s; Vcaud: 2.91 cm/s, CI: 2.01–4.21 cm/s; p = 0.008; p = 0.03) and group 3 (Vrost:1.85 cm/s, CI: 1.31–2.60 cm/s; Vcaud − 2.46 cm/s, CI 1.68–3.58 cm/s; p = 0.01; p = 0.02). The median Volcaud of group 1 (−0.23 mL/min, CI: 0.13–0.42 mL/min) was higher than that of group 2 (−0.09 mL/min, CI: 0.05 mL/min and 0.15 mL/min) (p = 0.03). Groups 1A and 1B did not differ in Vcaud, Vrost, Volcaud, and Volrost. Group 1A and 1B showed a higher median Vrost (4.01 cm/s, CI: 2.30–7.05 cm/s; 5.94 cm/s, CI: 2.16–7.88 cm/s) than group 2 (1.85 cm/s, CI: 1.24–2.80 cm/s.) (p = 0.03; p = 0.004).

Conclusion and clinical importance

Increased CSF flow velocities in rostral and caudal directions are present in dogs with ventriculomegaly and internal hydrocephalus compared to normal controls.
Subsidence and Uplift in Active and Closed Lignite Mines: Impacts of Energy Transition and Climate Change
Authors: Guzy Artur
Published: November 2024

This study examines the combined effects of decommissioning lignite mining operations and long-term climate trends on groundwater systems and land surface movements in the Konin region of Poland, which is characterised by extensive open-pit lignite extraction. The findings reveal subsidence rates ranging from −26 to 14 mm per year within mining zones, while land uplift of a few millimetres per year occurred in closed mining areas between 2015 and 2022. Groundwater levels in shallow Quaternary and deeper Paleogene–Neogene aquifers have declined significantly, with drops of up to 26 m observed near active mining, particularly between 2009 and 2019. A smaller groundwater decline of around a few metres was observed outside areas influenced by mining. Meteorological data show an average annual temperature of 8.9 °C from 1991 to 2023, with a clear warming trend of 0.0050 °C per year since 2009. Although precipitation patterns show a slight increase from 512 mm to 520 mm, a shift towards drier conditions has emerged since 2009, characterised by more frequent dry spells. These climatic trends, combined with mining activities, highlight the need for adaptive groundwater management strategies. Future research should focus on enhanced monitoring of groundwater recovery and sustainable practices in post-mining landscapes.
Analysis of War Optimization Algorithm in a Multi-Loop Power System Based on Directional Overcurrent Relays
Authors: Khan Bakht Muhammad , Wadood Abdul , Khan Shahbaz , Ali Husan , Khurshaid Tahir , Iqbal Asim , Kim Ki Chai
Published: November 2024

In electrical power systems, ensuring a reliable, precise, and efficient relay strategy is crucial for safe and trustworthy operation, especially in multi-loop distribution systems. Overcurrent relays (OCRs) have emerged as effective solutions for these challenges. This study focuses on optimizing the coordination of OCRs to minimize the overall operational time of main relays, thereby reducing power outages. The optimization problem is addressed by adjusting the time multiplier setting (TMS) using the War Strategy Optimization (WSO) algorithm, which efficiently solves this constrained problem. This algorithm mimics ancient warfare strategies of attack and defense to solve complex optimization problems efficiently. The results show that WSO provides superior performance in minimizing total operating time and achieving global optimum solutions with reduced computational effort, outperforming traditional optimization methods (i.e., SM, HPSO, GA, RTO, and JAYA). The proposed algorithm shows a net time gains of 7.77 s, 2.57 s, and 0.8484 s when compared to GA, RTO, and JAYA respectively. This robust protection coordination ensures better reliability and efficiency in multi-loop power systems.
Modeling of Hydrogen Combustion from a 0D/1D Analysis to Complete 3D-CFD Engine Simulations
Authors: Gal Thomas , Schmelcher Robin , Vacca Antonino , Cupo Francesco , Chiodi Marco , Casal Kulzer André
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen and its unique properties pose major challenges to the development of innovative combustion engines, while it represents a viable alternative when it is based on renewable energy sources. The present paper deals with the holistic approach of hydrogen combustion modeling from a 0D/1D reactor evaluation with Cantera up to complete engine simulations in the 3D-CFD tool QuickSim. The obtained results are referenced to the current literature and calibrated with experimental data. In particular, the engine simulations are validated against measurements of a single-cylinder research engine, which was specifically adapted for lean hydrogen operation and equipped with port fuel injection and a passive pre-chamber system. Special attention is hereby given to the influence of different engine loads and varying lambda operation. The focus of this work is the complementary numerical investigation of the hydrogen flame speed and its self-ignition resistance under the consideration of various reaction mechanisms. A detailed transfer from laminar propagation under laboratory conditions to turbulent flame development within the single-cylinder engine is hereby carried out. It is found that the relatively simple reaction kinetics of hydrogen can lead to acceptable results for all mechanisms, but there are particular effects with regard to the engine behavior. The laminar flame speed and induction time vary greatly with the inner cylinder conditions and significantly affect the entire engine’s operation. The 3D-CFD environment offers the opportunity to analyze the interactions between mixture formation and combustion progress, which are indispensable to evaluate advanced operating strategies and optimize the performance and efficiency, as well as the reliability, of the engine.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Salivary Signature for Low-Severity COVID-19
Authors: Lopes de Lima Iasmim , Ap. Rosini Silva Alex , Brites Carlos , Angelo da Silva Miyaguti Natália , Raposo Passos Mansoldo Felipe , Vaz Nunes Sara , Henrique Godoy Sanches Pedro , Regiani Cataldi Thais , Pais de Carvalho Caroline , Reis da Silva Adriano , Ribeiro da Rosa Jonas , Magalhães Borges Mariana , Vilarindo Oliveira Wellisson , Canevari Thiago Cruz , Beatriz Vermelho Alane , Nogueira Eberlin Marcos , M. Porcari Andreia
Published: November 2024

Omics approaches were extensively applied during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to understand the disease, identify biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic value, and discover new molecular targets for medications. COVID-19 continues to challenge the healthcare system as the virus mutates, becoming more transmissible or adept at evading the immune system, causing resurgent epidemic waves over the last few years. In this study, we used saliva from volunteers who were negative and positive for COVID-19 when Omicron and its variants became dominant. We applied a direct solid-phase extraction approach followed by non-target metabolomics analysis to identify potential salivary signatures of hospital-recruited volunteers to establish a model for COVID-19 screening. Our model, which aimed to differentiate COVID-19-positive individuals from controls in a hospital setting, was based on 39 compounds and achieved high sensitivity (85%/100%), specificity (82%/84%), and accuracy (84%/92%) in training and validation sets, respectively. The salivary diagnostic signatures were mainly composed of amino acids and lipids and were related to a heightened innate immune antiviral response and an attenuated inflammatory profile. The higher abundance of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the COVID-19 positive group highlighted the endocrine imbalance in low-severity disease, as first reported here, underscoring the need for further studies in this area.
Interconnected Pathways: Exploring Inflammation, Pain, and Cognitive Decline in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tarasovs Mihails , Skuja Sandra , Svirskis Simons , Sokolovska Liba , Vikmanis Andris , Lejnieks Aivars , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Groma Valerija
Published: November 2024

The relationship among inflammation, pain, and cognitive decline in osteoarthritis (OA) patients is complex and has not been sufficiently explored; therefore, we undertook this research to evaluate how OA-related inflammation and pain affect cognitive functions, as well as to examine the potential of urinary markers as indicators of these conditions. This study examined fifty OA patients through clinical and cognitive assessments, morphological analyses, urinary biomarkers, and bioinformatics. Morphologically, 24% of patients had moderate to high synovial inflammation, which was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms, pain intensity, and self-reported anxiety. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment indicated minimal decline in most patients but showed negative correlations with age and inflammation severity. Urinary TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels positively correlated with body mass index and pain and synovitis score and immune cell infiltration, respectively. In contrast, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-telopeptides of type II collagen showed inverse correlations with pain duration and cognitive function, respectively. Distinct patient clusters with higher inflammation were identified and were associated with reported pain and depressive symptoms. Urinary TNF-α and TGF-β1 can serve as biomarkers reflecting inflammation and disease severity in OA. This study suggests that synovial inflammation may be linked to mental and cognitive health in some patient cohorts.
Evaluation of LPRDA Pentapeptide for the Prevention and Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Peritoneal Infection
Authors: Bozhkova Svetlana A. , Gordina Ekaterina M. , Labutin Dmitry V. , Netyl’ko Georgy I. , Ivantcova Polina M. , Kudryavtsev Konstantin V.
Published: November 2024

Targeting virulence determinants is a promising approach to controlling S. aureus infections in the face of the global spread of antibiotic resistance. S. aureus-induced peritonitis often occurs in dialysis, implant and trauma patients. To develop novel prevention and treatment options for peritoneal infection, we investigated the oligopeptide sortase A inhibitor LPRDA as a non-conventional antibacterial that does not affect staphylococcal survival. Administration of LPRDA prior to S. aureus challenge reduced the bacterial load of internal organs and bacterial colonization of the abdominal cavity in animals. In addition, LPRDA inhibited α-hemolysin production in 80% of the 35 reference and clinical S. aureus strains tested. Consequent research of LPRDA interactions with cefazolin and vancomycin has demonstrated the potential for combined application of the antivirulent and antibiotic agents under study.
Metformin Impairs Linsitinib Anti-Tumor Effect on Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Almeida-Nunes Diana Luísa , Silva João P. N. , Nunes Mariana , Silva Patrícia M. A. , Silvestre Ricardo , Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge , Bousbaa Hassan , Ricardo Sara
Published: November 2024

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Linsitinib, an IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor, has shown potential in disrupting this pathway. Additionally, metformin, commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been studied for its anti-cancer properties due to its ability to inhibit metabolic pathways that intersect with IGF-1 signaling, making it a candidate for combination therapy in cancer treatments. This study explores the anti-cancer effects of linsitinib and metformin on OVCAR3 cells by the suppression of the IGF-1 signaling pathway by siRNA-mediated IGF-1 gene silencing. The goal is to evaluate their efficacy as therapeutic agents and to emphasize the critical role of this pathway in OC cell proliferation. Cellular viability was evaluated by resazurin-based assay, and apoptosis was assessed by flux cytometry. The results of this study indicate that the combination of linsitinib and metformin exhibits an antagonistic effect (obtained by SynergyFinder 2.0 Software), reducing their anti-neoplastic efficacy in OC cell lines. Statistical analyses were performed using ordinary one-way or two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s or Šídák’s multiple comparison tests. While linsitinib shows promise as a therapeutic option for OC, further research is needed to identify agents that could synergize with it to enhance its therapeutic efficacy, like the combination with standard chemotherapy in OC (carboplatin and paclitaxel).
Qualitative Analysis of the Heat Transfer in a Package of Square Steel Sections
Authors: Wyczółkowski Rafał , Bagdasaryan Vazgen , Aghbalyan Suren G. , Vasilyan Gayane A. , Gała Marek
Published: November 2024

During the heat treatment of square or rectangular steel sections, a heated charge, arranged in regular packages, is placed inside a furnace. This type of charge forms a porous medium through which a complex heat flow occurs during heating. Several heat transfer mechanisms act simultaneously within this medium: conduction through the section walls, conduction and natural convection within the gas, thermal radiation between the section walls, and complex heat transfer (mainly contact conduction) at the joints between the adjacent sections. This article presents a qualitative analysis of heat transfer, aiming to determine the contribution of individual heat transfer mechanisms to the overall process. For this purpose, an analytical model of complex heat transfer within the package was employed, based on the thermo-electric analogy. The results from experimental studies were used to calculate the natural convection and heat transfer at the joints. It was assumed that the material of the sections was low-carbon steel, and the gas was air. Calculations were performed for the temperature range of 25 °C to 700 °C, considering three different geometrical configurations of the sections. It was shown that the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of the package for the considered geometrical cases varies between 2.2 and 10.6 W/(m·K), which is an order of magnitude lower than the thermal conductivity of the individual sections. This parameter increased dynamically with the temperature. Moreover, the heat transfer intensity within the package of sections was nearly an order of magnitude lower than the heat conduction observed in a solid steel charge. Additionally, it was shown that the primary heat transfer mechanisms governing the heating process were thermal conduction (in the lower temperature range—up to approximately 350 °C) and thermal radiation (in the higher temperature range—above 350 °C). The gas convection inside the sections had a minimal impact on the heating process of the package. The primary parameters influencing the quality of the results were the joint resistance between the adjacent sections and the emissivity of the sections. The presented model can be used for the optimization of heat treatment processes for the considered charge.
Long-Term Storage of Ti3C2Tx Aqueous Dispersion with Stable Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Peng Ting , Wu Ruiqing , Wang Bohai , Liskiewicz Tomasz , Shi Shengwei
Published: November 2024

MXenes possess high metallic conductivity and excellent dispersion quality and pseudocapcitance. Their good hydrophilicity makes them particularly suitable as eco-friendly inks for printing applications. However, MXenes are prone to oxidization in aqueous dispersions, and it is very important to improve their stability. Here, the long-term storage of MXene aqueous dispersions was realized by the introduction of sodium L-ascorbate (NaAsc) as the antioxidant. The preserved MXenes exhibited very stable electrochemical properties. Even after 60-day storage, the supercapacitor with preserved MXenes as the electrode still demonstrated an excellent specific capacitance of 381.1 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and a good retention rate of 92.6% after 10,000 consecutive cyclic voltammetry measurements, which was nearly the same as that of fresh MXenes. The results indicate a facile and efficient method to realize the long-term storage of MXene aqueous dispersions for mass use in future energy storage.
Hole-Transporting Materials Based on a Fluorene Unit for Efficient Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Man Maoli , Zhao Mingming , Lyu Yunfei
Published: November 2024

Solution-processable hole-transporting materials (HTMs) that form highly soluble films and thermally stable amorphous states are essential for advancing optoelectronic devices. However, the currently commercialized HTM, N,N-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N0-bis(phenyl)benzidine (TPD), exhibits poor solubility and limited carrier transport when spin-coated into thin films. Herein, to address these issues, a fluorenyl group was ingeniously incorporated into a series of molecules structurally similar to TPD. The resulting compounds, namely, 2,7-di-(N,N-diphenylamino)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene (DDF), 2,7-di-p-tolyl-(N,N-diphenylamino)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene (2M-DDF), and 2,7-di-tetra-p-tolyl-(N,N-diphenylamino)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene (4M-DDF), offered tunable energy levels, carrier transport, crystallinity, and steric configuration via adjustment of the number of terminal methyl groups. Owing to its satisfactory performance, 2M-DDF can serve as an effective alternative to TPD in OLED devices as well as a guest molecule in host–guest systems for long-afterglow materials. Devices incorporating 2M-DDF as the HTM, with an Alq3 emitter, achieved a maximum CE of 4.78 cd/A and a maximum L (Lmax) of 21,412 cd m−2, with a turn-on voltage (Von) of 3.8 V. The luminous efficiency of 2M-DDF was approximately five times that of TPD (4106 cd m−2). Furthermore, when 2M-DDF and TPD were utilized as guest molecules in afterglow materials, the afterglow duration of 2M-DDF (10 s) was 2.5 times that of TPD (4 s). This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of high-performance HTMs and long-afterglow materials, establishing a framework for the application of fluorene-based compounds in emerging fields such as long-afterglow materials.
Simple Scaling as a Tool to Help Assess the Closure-Free da/dN Versus ΔKeff Curve in a Range of Materials
Authors: Jones Rhys , Ang Andrew S. M. , Peng Daren
Published: November 2024

Recent studies have proposed a simple formula, which is based on Elber’s original approach to account for R-ratio effects, for determining the crack closure-free ΔKeff versus da/dN curve from the measured R-ratio-dependent ΔK versus da/dN curves. This approach, which is termed “Simple Scaling,” has been shown to collapse the various R-ratio-dependent curves onto a single curve. Indeed, this approach has been verified for a number of tests on metals, polymers, and a medium-entropy alloy. However, it has not yet been used to help assess/determine the closure-free ΔKeff versus da/dN curve. The current paper addresses this shortcoming and illustrates how to use this methodology to assess the ΔKeff versus da/dN curves given in the open literature for tests on a number of steels, aluminum alloys, STOA Ti-6Al-4V, a magnesium alloy, and Rene 95. As such, it would appear to be a useful tool for assessing fatigue crack growth.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in the Rare Subtypes of Melanoma Therapy
Authors: Kaszubski Jonatan , Gagat Maciej , Grzanka Alina , Wawrzyniak Agata , Niklińska Wiesława , Łapot Magdalena , Żuryń Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Melanoma occurs in various forms and body areas, not only in the cutis, but also in mucous membranes and the uvea. Rarer subtypes of that cancer differ in genomic aberrations, which cause their minor sensibility to regular cutaneous melanoma therapies. Therefore, it is essential to discover new strategies for treating rare forms of melanoma. In recent years, interest in applying CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) in cancer therapy has grown, as they are able to arrest the cell cycle and inhibit cell proliferation. Current studies highlight selective CDK4/6 inhibitors, like palbociclib or abemaciclib, as a very promising therapeutic option, since they were accepted by the FDA for advanced breast cancer treatment. However, cells of every subtype of melanoma do not react to CDKIs the same way, which is partly because of the genetic differences between them. Herein, we discuss the past and current research relevant to targeting various CDKs in mucosal, uveal and acral melanomas. We also briefly describe the issue of amelanotic and desmoplastic types of melanoma and the need to do more research to discover cell cycle dysregulations, which cause the growth of the mentioned forms of cancer.
Amphetamine Derivatives as Potent Central Nervous System Multitarget SERT/NET/H3 Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Li Quxiang , Ren Lili , Wang Dongli , Luo Junyong , Xu Changda , Feng Jian , Qiu Yufan , Xu Xiangqing , Chen Guoguang
Published: November 2024

In this research, a variety of novel amphetamine derivatives were synthesized and assessed for their potential as multifaceted antidepressant agents. Among these compounds, compound 11b demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on both serotonin and noradrenaline transporters (SERT/NET) and high affinity for histamine H3 receptor (H3R), and displayed low affinity for off-target receptors (H1, α1) and hERG channels, which can reduce the prolongation of the QT interval. Molecular docking studies offered a rational binding model of compound 11b when it forms a complex with SERT, NET, and the histamine H3 receptor. In vivo behavioral studies, compound 11b dose-dependently reduced the immobility duration in the mouse FST and TST assays without a stimulatory effect on the locomotor activity. Furthermore, compound 11b had a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in rats. Thus, compound 11b has the potential to develop a novel class of drugs for the treatment of depression.
Research Progress in Strategies for Enhancing the Conductivity and Conductive Mechanism of LiFePO4 Cathode Materials
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Hongli , Zhang Yuxi , Liu Jinyu , Peng Lin
Published: November 2024

LiFePO4 is a cathode material for lithium (Li)-ion batteries known for its excellent performance. However, compared with layered oxides and other ternary Li-ion battery materials, LiFePO4 cathode material exhibits low electronic conductivity due to its structural limitations. This limitation significantly impacts the charge/discharge rates and practical applications of LiFePO4. This paper reviews recent advancements in strategies aimed at enhancing the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4. Efficient strategies with a sound theoretical basis, such as in-situ carbon coating, the establishment of multi-dimensional conductive networks, and ion doping, are discussed. Theoretical frameworks underlying the conductivity enhancement post-modification are summarized and analyzed. Finally, future development trends and research directions in carbon coating and doping are anticipated.
Hydrophobicity and Pore Structure: Unraveling the Critical Factors of Alcohol and Acid Adsorption in Zeolites
Authors: Xie Yangyang , Fan Honglei , Che Mingyang , Liu Ya , Liu Chunjing , Hu Xin , Teng Botao
Published: November 2024

Adsorbing and recycling alcohols and acids from industrial wastewater is of great significance in wastewater treatment; establishing the possible quantitative relationship of alcohol–acid adsorption capacity with the struct0ures of adsorbents and exploring the key factors determining their adsorption performance is very important and challenging in environment science. To solve this difficult problem, the adsorption of C1-5 alcohols, C2-4 acids, and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) wastewater on zeolites with similar hydrophobicity and pore structures (β and MFI), similar hydrophilicity but different pore structures (Y and MOR), and similar pore structures but significant differences in hydrophobicity (MOR vs. β and MFI) was systematically investigated. It was found that: (1) For materials with similar pore structures, increased hydrophobicity correlates with enhanced adsorption capacities for alcohols and acids. (2) For materials with similar hydrophobicity, a higher content of ultramicropores leads to increased adsorption of alcohols and acids. (3) Between pore structure and hydrophobicity, it is hydrophobicity that ultimately plays a decisive role in adsorption capacities. The adsorption behavior of zeolites in FTS wastewater exhibits a consistent trend, with β-zeolite demonstrating the highest hydrophobicity (contact angle of 105°) and the greatest adsorption capacity in FTS wastewater, achieving 103 mg/g. Following five adsorption–desorption cycles, the zeolites retained their adsorption capacity without significant degradation, indicating their excellent stability and reusability. The findings identify the critical factors determining adsorption performance and provide a solid foundation for the design and development of high-performance adsorbents for alcohol–acid adsorption.
Charge Diffusion and Repulsion in Semiconductor Detectors
Authors: Ballester Manuel , Kaspar Jaromir , Massanés Francesc , Vija Alexander Hans , Katsaggelos Aggelos K.
Published: November 2024

Semiconductor detectors for high-energy sensing (X/γ-rays) play a critical role in fields such as astronomy, particle physics, spectroscopy, medical imaging, and homeland security. The increasing need for precise detector characterization highlights the importance of developing advanced digital twins, which help optimize the design and performance of imaging systems. Current simulation frameworks primarily focus on modeling electron–hole pair dynamics within the semiconductor bulk after the photon absorption, leading to the current signals at the nearby electrodes. However, most simulations neglect charge diffusion and Coulomb repulsion, which spatially expand the charge cloud during propagation due to the high complexity they add to the physical models. Although these effects are relatively weak, their inclusion is essential for achieving a high-fidelity replication of real detector behavior. There are some existing methods that successfully incorporate these two phenomena with minimal computational cost, including those developed by Gatti in 1987 and by Benoit and Hamel in 2009. The present work evaluates these two approaches and proposes a novel Monte Carlo technique that offers higher accuracy in exchange for increased computational time. Our new method enables more realistic performance predictions while remaining within practical computational limits.
Classification of Hyperspectral Images of Explosive Fragments Based on Spatial–Spectral Combination
Authors: Zhao Donge , Yu Peiyun , Guo Feng , Yang Xuefeng , Ma Yayun , Wang Changli , Li Kang , Chu Wenbo , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2024

The identification and recovery of explosive fragments can provide a reference for the evaluation of explosive power and the design of explosion-proof measures. At present, fragment detection usually uses a few bands in the visible light or infrared bands for imaging, without fully utilizing multi-band spectral information. Hyperspectral imaging has high spectral resolution and can provide multidimensional reference information for the fragments to be classified. Therefore, this article proposed a spatial–spectral joint method for explosive fragment classification by combining hyperspectral imaging technology. In a laboratory environment, this article collected hyperspectral images of explosion fragments scattered in simulated scenes. In order to extract effective features from redundant spectral information and improve classification accuracy, this paper adopted a classification framework based on deep learning. This framework used a convolutional neural network–bidirectional long short-term memory network (CNN-BiLSTM) as the spectral information classification model and a U-shaped network (U-Net) as the spatial segmentation model. The experimental results showed that the overall accuracy exceeds 95.2%. The analysis results indicated that the method of spatial–spectral combination can accurately identify explosive fragment targets. It validated the feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging for explosive fragment classification in laboratory environments. Due to the complex environment of the actual explosion site, this study still needs to be validated in outdoor environments. Our next step is to use airborne hyperspectral imaging to identify explosive fragments in outdoor environments.
Vilniaus archyvuose ir bibliotekose saugomų Lietuvos didžiųjų kunigaikščių Aleksandro Jogailaičio ir Žygimanto Senojo rusėniškų dokumentų klasifikacija
Authors: Jurkevičius Andrius
Published: November 2024

The article deals with our research on the Ruthenian documents of Alexander Jagiellon and Sigismund the Old, the grand dukes of Lithuania, which cover the whole period of the reign of these rulers (1492–1544) and are kept in Vilnius. In the course of empirical research, we registered 142 such documents; the main data about them are represented in the annex to the article. Meanwhile, in the main part of the article we try to identify the scribes who were responsible for the preparation of the documents, to identify the documents that were written by the scribes who signed them, and to discuss the palaeographic features of all the documents.
LABOR SUPPLY OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: THE TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Ostropolskyi O.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to systematisation of transformational manifestations in the system of labour supply under the influence of globalisation. The role of globalisation as a dominant trend in the development of the world economy at the present stage is stated. It is emphasised that globalisation radically changes the mechanism of labour supply, defining new benchmarks for equal inclusion of countries in the system of international division of labour. At the same time, since human resources with the necessary characteristics are an objective prerequisite for ensuring international competitive advantages, labour supply is becoming a dominant component of economic success. It is noted that at the present stage, the parameters of labour supply needs are determined by the nature of the system-forming factors of the world economic system, which include: internationalisation and globalisation, the scientific and technological revolution, market and financial instruments. It is established that the scale of intellectual migration is growing as a lever for the formation of new mechanisms of labour supply and international competitiveness. In developed countries, migration policy is increasingly seen as a component of economic growth strategies. Given that the majority of international migration movements are made up of labour migrants, the attractiveness of developed countries is becoming a serious factor in the outflow of workers from their countries of origin. At the same time, the share of emigrants in the population structure is growing in all groups of host countries. Based on the study of international migration processes, it is concluded that the qualitative parameters of the labour force are becoming the dominant characteristic of the positioning of countries in the international division of labour, serving as a prerequisite for the formation of international competitiveness at all levels. Against the background of population ageing and deterioration of the demographic situation in the leading countries of economic development, it becomes a component of ensuring economic growth. Keywords: globalisation, labour supply, international migration, intellectual migration, international competitiveness, international division of labour.
Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan Islam Berbasis Teknologi Dalam Perspektif Epistemologi
Authors: Zaharudin  , Suhada  , Aribathi Abdul Hamid , Devana Viola Tashya
Published: November 2024

Seiring berjalannya waktu, banyak disiplin ilmu baru yang akan lahir, salah satunya adalah filsafat ilmu. Para filosof Muslim dan Barat berperan aktif dalam membahas masalah-masalah dalam disiplin ini dengan mengumpulkan data yang akurat dan mengidentifikasi mana yang akan memunculkan teori, masalah spesifik, dan metodologi terkait. Filosofi yang terkandung dalam hal ini mencoba untuk menghancurkan beberapa perspektif lain dari tradisi ilmiah. Penulis akan dituntut untuk mampu menangani posisi ini sehingga penulis akan berjalan dengan penalarannya atau menemukan dan mengembangkan alternatif baru untuk mempertahankan perspektif penulis. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menemukan alternatif cara kedua untuk mendefinisikan kembali filsafat ilmu dari perspektif Islam dan yang dapat diterima dalam pendekatan ilmiah lainnya. Dalam eksperimennya, penulis akan mengabstraksikan dirinya dalam norma-norma tertentu dari tradisi pengarang dengan landasan utamanya dan berusaha mencapai karakter universal. Topik utama seperti filsafat ilmu, metode, dan berbagai teori telah dikumpulkan dan temuannya. Semoga artikel ini dapat menginformasikan filsafat ilmu sebagai pengganti perspektif Islam dengan pendekatan epistemologis
Peran Teknologi Dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Globalisasi Untuk Kaum Milenial (Pelajar)
Authors: Mardiana  , Nur Aisyah Euis Siti , Hardini Marvioila , Riadi Bagus
Published: November 2024

Teknologi merupakan suatu sarana yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mengenalkan pendidikan agama islam dengan modern kepada kaum milenial. Karena perkembangan teknologi yang sering digunakan sebagai media informasi dan komunikasi yang dapat dinikmati oleh semua kalangan tanpa terkecuali. Dimana dapat dilihat kaum milenial menganggap bahwa pendidikan agama islam sangat sulit untuk dapat dipelajari dan media yang digunakan hanya dapat diakses secara manual dan monoton. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan ingin mengetahui peran apa saja yang dapat dilakukan teknologi dalam mengenalkan agama islam pada globalisasi terhadap kaum milenial. Pada melakukan penelitian menggunakan  metode studi pustaka dengan mereview paper-paper sebelumnya. Seiring berjalannya penelitian tersebut dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap kaum milenial dalam menggunakan teknologi dengan baik dan mengenalkan  media  berupa aplikasi untuk dapat diakses dengan mudah dan proses pembelajaran lebih kekinian serta sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman yang sangat cepat berubah-ubah. Peran orang tua dalam memahami teknologi untuk dapat menggunakan media yang baik dalam memberikan edukasi kepada anak dalam mengajarkan agama menjadi mudah dan tidak ada kata biaya mahal serta akses yang dituju jauh. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa kaum milenial yang dapat memanfaatkan teknologi dengan baik membawa dirinya lebih baik dengan mengetahui larangan-larangan yang harus dijauhi, mendapatkan pahala dan menambah relasi baru dalam menambah pengetahuan.
Transformasi Hukum Islam dan Dampak Sosial bagi Generasi Z
Authors: Hariguna Taqwa , Supriyanti Dedeh , Yusup Muhammad , Nabila Efa Ayu
Published: November 2024

Produk baru banyak dihasilkan oleh perkembangan zaman juga teknologi, baik yang seperti kedokteran, telekomunikasi, berbagai teknologi dalam bidang pangan serta kosmetik, sehingga berbagai  interaksi  sosial  hadir di  dalam masyarakat,  dan memerlukan  isi dalam  hukum Islam  untuk  menghadapi perubahan pada berbagai zaman serta pengalihan kehidupan sosial tersebut. Keterkaitan melakukan perubahan dimiliki oleh hukum islam serta dinamika sosial. Keberadaan hukum Islam yang dibawa oleh Nabi kita Muhammad SAW. dengan jelas dari masyarakat zaman dahulu yang masih jahiliyyah dan sangat mengedepankan kepada adat kebiasaan mereka lalu maju menjadi masyarakat Islam yang berpegang teguh akan hukum yang diturunkan oleh Allah yaitu Hukum Islam yang terjadi di masyarakat pada waktu itu. Selain itu, dilakukan juga perubahan oleh hukum Islam dikaernakan banyak perubahan hukum sosial. Fuqaha memberitahukan kaidah fiqih: “berubahnya fatwa dengan sebab berubahnya masa, tempat, keadaan (niat) dan adat kebiasaan.” Islam memiliki hukum yang dinamis, Dengan melakukan perubahan hukum, kita mampu menyesuaikan, maka hukum Islam itu dapat sesuai dan masuk melalui perkembangan zaman dan perubahan sosial yang ada pada zaman sekarang. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini merupakan literature review mengenai perubahan sosial dan hukum Islam zaman sekarang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  pemeliharaan bentuk  hukum yang masih dipandang masuk dengan nilai-nilai dalam kehidupan kemanusiaan.  Pembaruan ini merupakan perubahan hukum pada masa lalu untuk disempurnakan.
Metode Pembelajaran Dalam Memberikan Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Usia Dini Industri 4.0
Authors: Erliyani Ita , Yuliana Khozin , Kusumah Hendra , Aziz Naufal
Published: November 2024

Banyak hal yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengenalkan anak mengenai pendidikan islam sejak dini dengan menggunakan metode baru dari sebelumnya. Dimana media yang digunakan dalam memberikan pembelajaran agama islam terhadap anak dapat menyesuaikan zaman saat ini (industri 4.0). Dimana industri 4.0 membawa banyak perubahan dalam banyak hal seperti trend dalam berpakaian, makanan dan teknologi yang ternyata dapat mempengaruhi agama islam. Media yang digunakan lebih kekinian tidak hanya berbentuk tulisan dalam bentuk buku, tapi berbentuk mainan, media massa dan aplikasi, dari sini terlihat metode yang digunakan dalam bentuk tradisional menjadi modernisasi salah satu upaya menarik minat anak untuk belajar mengenal agama islam. Namun dibutuhkan dukungan dari keluarga, lingkungan masyarakat dan sekolah dalam memanfaatkan teknologi saat ini, tidak hanya dilihat dari sisi negatifnya tapi dari positifnya. Karena minat anak dalam mempelajari agama islam sudah menurun dan memiliki mindset bahwa saat pembelajaran akan membuat jenuh, media yang digunakan hanya berbentuk buku dan tidak dapat digunakan dimana saja. Penelitian ini menggunakan literature review yaitu dengan cara mengkaji judul penelitian sebelumnya yang sudah publish dan sesuai dengan penelitian saat ini. Oleh sebab itulah penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menarik minat anak sejak dini bahwa belajar agama islam itu menyenangkan dan tidak sesusah yang dibayangkan dengan media pembelajaran modern.
Pengaruh Dukungan Suami Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Dalam Mempersiapkan Proses Persalinan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas
Authors: Samila  , Fitriani  , Nur Ekawati  , Syamsinar
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Dukungan suami merupakan sumber kekuatan bagi ibu yang tidak dapat diberikan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Kecemasan merupakan perasaan kehamilan yang tidak bisa dihindari, hampir semua ibu hamil dihantui oleh rasa cemas, dan merupakan bagian dari proses penyesuaian normal terhadap perubahan psikologis selama kehamilan. kehamilan.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan suami terhadap tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil dalam persiapan proses persalinan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas.
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari ibu hamil yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner yang mengukur tingkat dukungan suami dan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil
Hasil: menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan suami dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil, dimana semakin baik dukungan suami berhubungan dengan rendahnya tingkat kecemasan.
Kesimpulan : Secara umum dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh antara dukungan suami dengan persiapan persalinan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bontomarannu dengan nilai signifikansi p=0,017. Terdapat pengaruh tingkat kecemasan terhadap persiapan persalinan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bontomarannu dengan nilai signifikansi p=0,028.
DISTRIBUTED NAVIGATION AND GENDER THE FAMILY SYSTEM IN THE ERA OF THE SECOND DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Authors: V.E. Papkov
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the family as a distributed navigation and gender system, with its problems of the disintegration of the traditional institution of the family, as an extremely significant social phenomenon in the context of the second demographic transition and the navigational paradigm of gender, acting as a risk factor for the ecological and semiotic sphere of the metropolis.
Analisis Kelayakan Usaha dan Nilai Tambah Olahan Kedelai Menjadi Tempe pada UMKM Super Murni Kecamatan Bekasi Selatan Kota Bekasi
Authors: Rahmadinanti Dwi Utami , Muharam Muharam , Yusiana Ekalia
Published: November 2024

Agriculture plays an important role in providing food sources that support the survival of society. The growth of the agro-industrial sector not only provides economic benefits for businesses but also contributes to improving the welfare of farmers and the sustainability of the agricultural sector as a whole. Soybean as a multifunctional crop can be utilised to make various culinary delights including tempeh, a traditional Indonesian food. The main objective of this study, conducted by Super Murni MSME, is to evaluate the added value contributed in one production and the business feasibility of tempe production at Super Murni MSME. By considering prices, inputs, and outputs, a value-added analysis approach using the Hayami method and R/C ratio is needed to determine the feasibility of the company. The results showed that the added value required by Super Murni MSMEs in one production of tempe geblekan reached IDR 23,072 or around 61%, using the value-added ratio, the margin obtained reached IDR 21,348 for tempe geblekan. As for tempe lonjoran, the added value is IDR  35,372 or around 71%, with a profit of  IDR 31,205. The calculation of business feasibility using the R/C ratio shows a figure of 1.25 for tempe geblekan which indicates that the Company can develop based on the R/C ratio criteria and an R/C ratio of 1.00 for tempe lonjoran which indicates that this business can be developed because it does not experience losses or profits (break-even) to be operated.
Uji Efektivitas Beberapa Media Tumbuh Alternatif Limbah Organik dengan Penambahan Tepung Kulit Udang terhadap Pertumbuhan Cendawan Entomopatogen Lecanicillium lecanii
Authors: Mubarokah Annafs Zakiyyah , Afifah Lutfi , Surjana Tatang , Kurniati Anik
Published: November 2024

Alternative control uses the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii which is propagated using agro-industrial waste as a substrate for the production of locally available conidia. Propagation of L. lecanii was carried out on media supplemented with shrimp shell flour as additional nutrition. This research aims to provide the best alternative media for the growth of L. lecanii. The research was carried out at the Biological Agents Laboratory (BBPOPT), from March to May 2024. The method used was an experiment with a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This research consisted of 7 treatments in 4 repetitions: K (Corn Media); A (Sugar Bagasse); B (Tea Dregs); C (Sawdust); D (Sugar Bagasse + Shrimp Shell Flour); E (Tea Dregs + Shrimp Shell Flour); F (Sawdust + Shrimp Shell Flour). The results showed that L. Lecanii has a short incubation period, namely one hsi and alternative organic waste media with the addition of shrimp shell flour is more effectively used in the propagation of the L. lecanii fungus and has a significant effect on colony diameter (8.84 cm) in sawdust + shrimp shell flour. Alternative media with the addition of shrimp shell flour is recommended for the growth of the fungus L. lecanii.