bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Geothermal Wells Integrity: Key Considerations and Challenges from Drilling to Production
Authors: AlGaiar Mahmoud , Afolabi Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Geothermal energy is widely acknowledged as a renewable and sustainable energy source, capable of reducing carbon footprint, with great potential in the global energy sector, particularly in power generation. Geothermal wells are the key infrastructure that enables the extraction of thermal energy from the subsurface. To ensure the long-term productivity and performance of geothermal systems, it is critical to maintain the integrity of geothermal wells throughout their lifecycle, from drilling to production. This paper provides an overview of the key considerations and solutions associated with maintaining geothermal wells integrity through a case study of a prospective geothermal exploration campaign in the Middle East.

Maintaining well barriers integrity presents a significant challenge due to the degradation of drilling and completion fluids, fluids property variations, and cement strength degradation from pressure and temperature cycling during production. Other integrity concerns include casing expansion at high temperatures, buckling and decoupling of casings, casing corrosion, wellhead thermal expansion, and scaling. Recognizing downhole conditions, structural geology, geochemistry, geomechanics, subsurface temperature profiling, and rock-water-fluid interactions offer solutions for addressing challenges associated with geothermal activities. This knowledge is utilized to determine the most efficient wellbore design, customize drilling and completion fluids design with laboratory testing to simulate the anticipated bottom hole temperature, identify the optimal mud weight window, select casing materials and completion components, and aid in drill bits selection. Robust primary cement and cement plugs design, along with best practices during cementing operations, are present to ensure effective zonal isolation, minimize risks, and maintain long-term well integrity. Additionally, pressure testing, cement bond evaluation, and temperature monitoring are critical for identifying potential leaks or failures in the well system.

In conclusion, ensuring the integrity of geothermal wells from drilling to production is essential for the long-term performance and productivity of geothermal systems. This paper will review casing selection, drilling, and completion fluids design, cementing design and practices, and proactive monitoring to achieve optimal structural integrity throughout the operational lifetime of the well. By sharing these insights, this paper provides a summary of current solutions to geothermal well integrity issues with the objective of promoting sustainable and reliable resource development.
Pioneering Digital Cementing Solutions and Workflow Integration in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yanes M. I. , Siddiqi F. A. , Elhancha A. , Qasmi U. , Lawrence D. W.
Published: May 2024

In today's world, complex issues are being approached from a digitalization point of view to leverage the power of data and connectivity. For well integrity assurance cementing operations are among the last oilfield services to adopt digital tools to enhance quality.

The consistent integration of digital technologies unlocks the delivery of well integrity for oil and gas wells and helps both operators and service companies to optimize their operations. Real-time data streaming, processing, and expert-evaluation, changes the paradigm that cementing is an analog (– invisible) operation and enables us to identify events earlier that could later jeopardize well integrity.

Three main digital workflows are discussed in this paper. Cementing data storage and processing (CDSP), real time data acquisition and transmission (RTDT), and real-time cementing evaluation (RTCE). RTDT consists of execution software that provides real-time data acquisition and transmission. CDSP is the workflow that allows to properly store and label execution data as well as match it to its respective design information. RTCE consists of software which enables live cement job evaluation and decision-making by combining design data with acquisition data from the rig and the cementing equipment.

Cementing is typically considered an analog service where focus is placed on chemistry and machinery, however, with the introduction of digital technologies, it's possible to leverage data using novel software and advance mathematical models. This process offers useful insights and facilitate timely decision making for critical operations. Real-time monitoring and information technology have a profound impact in all industry segments, particularly in cementing operations. It has brought efficiency, accuracy, reliability, and has increased safety in this sector.
Innovative Techniques for Managing Sustained Annulus Pressure in Highly Fractured Carbonate Field
Authors: Adawi A. Al , Mahrooqi M. Al , Mahruqi I. , Riyami S. Al , Yahmadi S. Al , Zeidi A. AL , Rawas A. Al
Published: May 2024

Sustained Annulus Pressure (SAP) represents a prevalent challenge in the operational lifecycle of oil and gas wells, with reported incidence rates of approximately 44%. This paper investigates the specific challenges associated with SCP in Natih field, an aged and highly fractured carbonate field located in the Sultanate of Oman. It evaluates the efficacy of two innovative technologies - Perf, Wash & Cement and Local Expander technology - in addressing this issue.

The discussion commences with an overview of SAP in the field and its criticality within our operational philosophy. The scope extends to the practical application of these technologies across diverse well conditions, emphasizing their impact on operational efficiency. A comprehensive analysis of field applications of both technologies is presented, encompassing procedural steps and process flow analysis to highlight operational efficiencies achieved during various stages of well intervention.

The results demonstrate a substantial reduction in sustained annulus pressure, accompanied by enhanced well integrity and operational safety. Observations indicate that these technologies not only augment current practices but also provide environmentally safer solutions. The paper concludes that these technologies have the potential to revolutionize well pressure management strategies.

Furthermore, this paper contributes new insights into the field of well pressure management, particularly concerning sustained annulus pressure. By analyzing the practical applications of Perf, Wash & Cement and Local Expander technology, it enriches the existing knowledge base and presents innovative solutions that can significantly enhance efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability within the petroleum industry.

Finally, the paper outlines the next steps in our ongoing efforts to combat SAP, providing a roadmap for future endeavors in this area.
Enhancing Well Integrity and Operational Efficiency in Cementing Operations: The Transformative Impact of Real-Time Cement Evaluation Software in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Otudi A. , Alnouri M. , Siddiqi F. , Sabri M.
Published: May 2024

In this paper we explore the advancements in well integrity verification in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through the digitalization of cementing processes. We highlight the transition to more efficient operations, emphasizing the pivotal role of digital technologies that enable real-time monitoring and evaluation in modernizing cementing practices within the oil and gas industry.

Key variables such as cement pump rate, density, and pressure, integral to the cementing process, are closely monitored in any cement job. The introduction of real-time cement evaluation software (RTCES) has revolutionized the monitoring and live transmission of these critical data. RTCES facilitates live simulations that align acquired pressure and rates with expected values, promptly identifying deviations or anomalies. This can be particularly crucial in managed pressure cementing (MPC) jobs, where monitoring live equivalent circulating density (ECD) ensures it stays within prescribed pore and fracture pressure limits.

In its extensive application over the past year, RTCES has proven to be instrumental in identifying multiple near-miss incidents, thereby significantly enhancing risk mitigation. A notable instance includes the early detection of a deviation in mud weight during displacement. Had this deviation gone undetected, it could have resulted in catastrophic nonproductive time caused by lost well control. This early detection by RTCES allowed for timely intervention and immediate corrective action, effectively averting potential severe lost time. In another significant case, RTCES accurately pinpointed an ECD spike exceeding the fracture pressure limits during an MPC job. The system's prompt alert enabled timely adjustments, including reducing backpressure and pump rate, thus effectively preventing significant losses. These examples illustrate the system's efficacy in not only enhancing well integrity verification, but also in boosting operational efficiency by limiting the need for remedial work to address integrity issues. This positive impact is further proven by the substantial reductions in near-misses and the marked improvements in resource utilization.

While digitalization has permeated many industries, cementing in the oil and gas sector has lagged. RTCES represents a significant leap in this domain, paving the way for more sophisticated, efficient, and successful cementing operations. We will not only demonstrate the immediate benefits of digitalization in cementing, but also open an avenue for future research and application in this critical field of real-time cement monitoring and evaluation.
HDL can predict the treatment of hypotension after CAS surgery for initial internal carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Ma Lincen , Yang Cao , Ge Chang , Xu Jingxuan , Yang Yan , Zhang Xu , Sheng Qiang , Shao Yunxiang , Deng Guoqi , Liu Siyuan
Published: May 2024

Background Ischemic stroke ranks at the forefront of the global spectrum of causes of death. Internal carotid artery stenosis is one of the causes of ischemic stroke, and CAS is an important method to treat internal carotid artery stenosis. However, postoperative hypotension and other complications can lead to serious neurological defects.
Methods The clinical data and imaging data of patients with internal carotid artery stenosis treated by stenting in the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected for statistical analysis.
Results A total of 23 patients were enrolled, 87% were male, the median age of onset was 65 years (IQR, 57-71 years), 56.2% had a history of smoking, 82.6% had hypertension, 78.9% had poor blood pressure control, 47.8% had a chronic disease, 81.8% of whom were hypertensive. Before admission, 74% of the patients had transient or persistent neurological impairment, that is TIA or IS at any stage. Of the 46 internal carotid arteries in 23 patients, 25 (54.3%) had severe stenosis, 60.9% had bilateral stenosis, and 85.7% mainly had bi-focal or severe and moderate stenosis on one side. 60.9% developed postoperative hypotension, of which 57.1% were treated with vasoactive drugs. Only HDL levels were different in the three groups with normal blood pressure, rehydration after hypotension, and medication after hypotension.
Conclusions HDL level does not predict whether blood pressure will decrease after surgery, but if carotid sinus response occurs, high HDL (≧1.0mmol/L) may be more likely to require vasopressor therapy while low HDL (<1.0mmol/L) can be treated with fluid rehydration.
Effects of maize-soybean rotation and plant residue return on maize yield and soil microbial communities
Authors: wang Yan , Li Qiuzhu , Zhang Liqiang , Wang Hongyu , Chen haoyuan , Cui Zhengguo , Cui Jinhu , Hao jianjun
Published: May 2024

Background and aims
The practice of returning corn stalks back to fields is widely implemented in maize cropping systems, but its impacts on maize yield is inconsistent due to different methods employed. We hypothesized soybean-maize rotation system with returning crop stalks to enhance soil health and maize yield.
Methods
A field trial was carried out from 2013 to 2018, comparing a soybean-maize rotation system with sole maize cultivation. Soil physicochemical properties, agronomic traits of maize and soil microbial community were determined.
Results
Maize yield and ear diameter were significantly higher in the rotational cropping system in 2018, compared to monocropping. Over the years, organic matter contents remained stable in the soil under rotational cropping but decreased in the monocropping soil. Different cropping systems also led to shifts in soil microbial communities: rotational cropping augmented fungal diversity, though the overall compositions of bacterial and fungal communities did not significantly differ between the two cropping systems. The proliferation and beneficial impact of functional microorganisms involved in crop residue decomposition, biological control of soil-borne disease, nutrient metabolism, and nutrient uptake were closely related to the improvement of maize yield and soil nutrition within the rotational cropping system.
Conclusions
Maize-soybean rotation and plant residue return sustained increased maize yield and organic matter contents of soil. The overall effect of the soil microbiome exhibited a positive association with both soil health and maize yield. This study highlights the potential of combining crop residue returns with crop rotation in bolstering soil health and fostering increased maize yield.
Structural basis of Δ9-THC analog activity at the Cannabinoid 1 receptor
Authors: Thorsen Thor , Kulkarni Yashraj , Sykes David , Bøggild Andreas , Drace Taner , Hompluem Pattarin , Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas Christos , Nikas Spyros , Daver Henrik , Makriyannis Alexandros , Nissen Poul , Gajhede Michael , Veprintsev Dmitry , Boesen Thomas , Kastrup Jette , Gloriam David
Published: May 2024

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant Cannabis sativa and approved for emetic conditions, appetite stimulation and sleep apnea relief. THC’s psychoactive actions are mediated primarily by the cannabinoid receptor CB1. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of HU210, a THC analog and widely used tool compound, bound to CB1 and its primary transducer, Gi1. We leverage this structure for docking and 1,000 ns molecular dynamics simulations of THC and 10 structural analogs delineating their spatiotemporal interactions at the molecular level. Furthermore, we pharmacologically profile their recruitment of Gi and β-arrestins and reversibility of binding from an active complex. By combining detailed CB1 structural information with molecular models and signaling data we uncover the differential spatiotemporal interactions these ligands make to receptors governing potency, efficacy, bias and kinetics. This may help explain the actions of abused substances, advance fundamental receptor activation studies and design better medicines.
What factors predict ambulance pre-alerts to the emergency department? Analysis of routine data from three UK ambulance services.
Authors: Sampson Fiona Clare , Pilbery Richard , Herbert Esther , Goodacre Steve W , Bell Fiona B , Spaight Rob , Rosser Andy , Webster Peter , Millins Mark , Pountney Andy , Coster Joanne E , Long Jaqui , O'Hara Rachel , Foster Alexis , Miles Jamie , Turner Janette , Boyd Aimee
Published: May 2024

Objective
Ambulance clinicians use pre-alert calls to advise emergency departments (ED) of the arrival of patients requiring immediate review or intervention. Consistency of pre-alert practice is important in ensuring appropriate ED response to pre-alert calls. We used routine data to describe pre-alert practice and explore factors affecting variation in practice.
Methods
We undertook an observational study using a linked dataset incorporating 12 months’ ambulance patient records, ambulance clinician data and emergency call data for three UK ambulance services. We used LASSO regression to identify candidate variables for multivariate logistic regression models to predict variation in pre-alert use, analysing clinician factors (role, experience, qualification, time of pre-alert during shift), patient factors (NEWS2, clinical working impression, age, sex) and hospital factors (receiving ED, ED handover delay status).
Results
From the dataset of 1,363,274 patients conveyed to ED, 142,795 (10.5%) were pre-alerted, of whom only a third were for conditions with clear pre-alert pathways (e.g. sepsis, ST-elevation MI, major trauma). Pre-alert rates varied across and within different ambulance services. Casemix (illness acuity score, clinical diagnostic impression) was the strongest predictor of pre-alert use but male patient sex, clinician role, receiving hospital, and hospital turnaround delay at receiving hospitals were also statistically significant predictors, after adjusting for casemix. There was no evidence that pre-alert rates are higher during the final hour of shift.
Conclusions
Pre-alert decisions are determined by factors other than illness acuity and clinical diagnostic impression. Variation in pre-alert practice suggests that procedures and processes for pre-alerting may lack clarity and improved pre-alert protocols may be required. Research is required to determine whether our findings are reproducible elsewhere and why non-clinical factors (e.g. patient gender) may influence pre-alert practice.
A study to assess attitude and perceived barriers towards clinical nursing research among the staff nurses working in selected hospitals of Assam
Authors: Hazarika Darshana , Lahkar Mangala
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
In the era of clinical evidence-based practice, research is crucial to advancing the medical field to provide the best possible care to patients. This study aimed to assess attitudes toward and perceived barriers to clinical nursing research among staff nurses working in selected hospitals in Assam
Methodology:
A quantitative descriptive design was used for this study. A total of 95 staff nurses were selected through a convenient sampling technique. On the basis of a literature search, a Google-linked questionnaire was created and distributed among 95 staff nurses from the selected hospitals of Assam via WhatsApp and Messenger.
Results
The results of the study showed that 50 (52.50%) of the nurses had positive attitudes toward clinical nursing, and 45 (47.30%) had negative attitudes toward clinical nursing. Most of the participants reported a lack of awareness of basic research skills (74.7%), a lack of interest (16.8%), a lack of familiarity with statistical analysis (67.4%), a lack of professional support (71.6%), a lack of time due to being overburdened with patient care/professional tasks (85.3%), a lack of financial support (77.9%), insufficient incentives and rewards in the work setting (71.6%), and a lack of competent supervisors (76.8%). The attitude toward clinical nursing research was not significantly associated with ownership (p = .007), work area (p = .002) or research type (p = .042). Perceived barriers to clinical nursing research were significantly associated with attending training/workshops/conference (p = .002) and conducting research (p = .018).
Conclusion
Most of the staff nurses had positive attitudes toward clinical nursing research. By offering appropriate mentoring from the teaching team, nurses can overcome obstacles and become more productive.
A study on synthetic diamond quality evaluation using an enhanced YOLOv8n-based algorithm named YOLOv8n_adamas
Authors: Zhang Shixiong , Li Ang , ren Jianxin , Li xingchong
Published: May 2024

In response to the requirements for synthetic diamond quality evaluation in industrial applications, this study proposes an enhanced algorithm titled YOLOv8n_adamas, derived from an improved variant of the YOLOv8n neural network. To overcome the limitations in feature extraction and recognition of synthetic diamond images using the YOLOv8n model, the backbone architecture was redesigned by referring to ConvNextV2 structure, thereby enhancing the feature extraction capacity of the YOLOv8n backbone. An attention-based dynamic detection head was integrated into the original model, replacing the conventional detection head, leading to an improvement in the model's object detection sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the baseline YOLOv8n network, the YOLOv8n_adamas algorithm achieves a 3.4% increase in precision, a 3.4% rise in recall, and respective improvements of 2.5% and 1.6% in mean precision at confidence levels of 0.5 and 0.95. Consequently, the accuracy of synthetic diamond quality evaluations has been significantly boosted.
Seismic Characterization of Subsurface Soils at Ikot Abasi, Nigeria Through Integrated Geotechnical Investigations
Authors: Charles Kennedy
Published: May 2024

Subsurface exploration programs comprising borehole drilling, sampling, in-situ testing and geophysical profiling were conducted at Ikot Abasi in southern Nigeria to comprehensively evaluate seismic properties of the near-surface soils. Laboratory index testing of soil samples provided classifications and insights into the complex stratigraphy consisting of interbedded sand, silt and clay deposited under fluvial-deltaic and marine conditions characteristic of the Niger Delta region. Shear wave velocity profiling utilizing multi-channel analysis of surface waves generated high-resolution small-strain shear modulus logs. Derived Vs30 values classified the site according to international codes. Empirical correlations developed between in-situ penetration resistance, grain characteristics and shear wave velocity closely matched field measurements, validating the regression models' capability to reliably estimate seismic response from index parameters. Simplified methods incorporating normalized penetration resistances and dynamic properties assessed the stability of soil strata against liquefaction. The systematic approach aligned with established protocols and furnished robust microzonation/design data. In conclusion, the integrated field and analytical investigation techniques enhanced geological comprehension and validated predictive seismic characterization of the heterogenous subsurface deposits at Ikot Abasi.
Diagnostic yield and clinical utility of whole-exome sequencing in pediatric patients with rare and undiagnosed diseases: a prospective, single-center study from the Czech Republic
Authors: Slaba Katerina , Pokorna Petra , Jugas Robin , Palova Hana , Prochazkova Dagmar , Aulicka Stefania , Danhofer Pavlina , Horak Ondrej , Tuckova Jana , Kleiblova Petra , Gailyova Renata , Hrunka Matej , Jouza Martin , Pinkova Blanka , Papez Jan , Konecna Petra , Zidkova Jana , Stourac Petr , Sterba Jaroslav , Demlova Regina , Demlova Eva , Jabandziev Petr , Slaby Ondrej
Published: May 2024

Background: In the last decade, undiagnosed disease programs have emerged to address the significant number of individuals with suspected but undiagnosed rare genetic diseases. Along with developing these specialized programs has been a rapid shift towards using whole-exome sequencing (WES) as the first-line diagnostic test for these patients.
Methods: In our single-center study, we have launched a pilot program for pediatric patients with undiagnosed diseases in the second-largest university hospital in the Czech Republic. WES was implemented as a first-line test after inclusion in the study as part of the diagnostic workflow. This study was prospectively conducted at the Department of Pediatrics at University Hospital Brno between 2020 and 2023.
Results: A total of 58 Czech patients with undiagnosed diseases were enrolled in the study. The abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis was the most frequently observed major symptom, followed by a global developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, muscular hypotonia, failure to thrive, and intellectual disability. All children underwent singleton WES with targeted phenotype-driven analysis. We identified 28 variants, including 11 pathogenic, 13 likely pathogenic, and 4 VUS according to ACMG guidelines, as diagnostic of genetic diseases in 25 patients, resulting in an overall diagnostic yield of 43%. Eleven variants were novel and had not been previously reported in any public database. The overall clinical utility (actionability) enabling at least one type of change in the medical care of the patient was 76%, whereas the average number of clinical implications to individual patient care was two.
Conclusions: Singleton WES facilitated the diagnostic process in the Czech undiagnosed pediatric population. We believe it is an effective approach to enable appropriate counseling, surveillance, and personalized clinical management.
Ultrasound mediated flaxseed oil microcapsule: effect of ternary wall material (Arabic gum-Whey Protein Concentrate-Maltodextrin) on the characterization, in vitro release behaviour and storage stability
Authors: Sharma Neha , Kaur Gurkirat , Khatkar Sunil Kumar , Singh Arashdeep , Kaur Preetinder
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of the present study was aimed at exploring the effect of ultrasound on the encapsulation potential of a ternary blend of wall materials (Arabic gum-Whey Protein Concentrates-Maltodextrin; GA:WPC:MD) for effective protection of flaxseed oil. Combined effects of sonication treatment time and variable composition of wall materials on the emulsion properties (droplet size, Polydispersity Index and Zeta Potential and viscosity) and subsequent spray dried microcapsules of flaxseed oil were investigated. The best-formulated emulsion, with average droplet sizes of 406.28 nm was observed, exhibited pseudoplastic behavior. Microcapsules were obtained with highest encapsulation rates of 90.27% with 4 minutes of sonication treatment with GA:WPC:MD present in ratio of 0.20:0.50:1.5. The microcapsules’ flow properties were also found to be optimum. Morphological assessment of microcapsules indicated the formation of uniform spherical and continuous wall formation. The microcapsules’ oxidative stability was observed to be significantly higher even after 56 days of storage and accelerated oxidative stability rates were also increased manifolds after encapsulation. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion results revealed that designed conditions retarded release under gastric conditions, with less than 10% release of oil. However, higher (56% release) bioaccessibility rates were favored after sequential exposure to intestinal conditions. Therefore outcomes of the study demonstrated the important implications in designing of encapsulation systems for lipid soluble bioactives for their effective and targeted, controlled delivery in various food products.
Mechanism of high-fat diet causing metabolic cognitive decline in lipid metabolism disorders
Authors: Lee Eun Chae , Lee Dong-Hun , Oh Jae Sang
Published: May 2024

Recent findings support the notion that High fat homeostasis can cause dementia progressively. We investigate the relationship between glucose intolerance and cognitive impairment. Increasing body weights with high fat diet in transgenic mice in which the low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) was deleted, induce the glucose intolerance. This metabolic disorder for long period make the integrity of blood-brain barrier on hippocampal region disrupt and cognitive impairment. Cognitive dysfunction includes decreased short-term and working memory and motor functioning. Fasting blood glucose due to high fat intake in transgenic mice in which the low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) was deleted, and traced the association between metabolic disorders and the blood-brain barrier, and the alignment and integrity of the hippocampal region. And we tried to confirm the changes in motor ability and cognitive function through behavioral analysis. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of high-fat diet exposure on cognitive function, motor performance, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and hippocampal array changes in transgenic mice with ablated LDLR receptor (LDLr). We also wanted to determine changes the adverse effects of these changes on the development of dementia caused by a high-fat diet. It was confirmed that stabilization and permeability of the BBB structure deteriorated due to a high-fat diet, and genes expressed in precursors for neurogenesis were reduced. The BBB regulates the transport of molecules into the central nervous system (CNS) maintaining tight control over the chemical composition of the nervous environment required for proper nerve function. In this sense, it can be hypothesized that high-fat diet-induced BBB dysfunction alters the neurogenic environment contributing to cognitive impairment. Changes in the BBB structure resulted in weakening of the cortical and hippocampal arrangements, and prolonged high-fat diets resulted in general motor and cognitive dysfunction.
Case report：A new foetal sonographic characteristic of Baraitser–Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome with ACTB mutation
Authors: Yang Yali , Yan Kai , Xu Yuqing , Dong Minyue
Published: May 2024

Background
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF) is a complex, rare developmental syndrome characterized by craniofacial, visceral, and muscular manifestations. Diagnosis of BWCFF usually occurs postnatally; however, with the widespread application of prenatal trio whole-exome sequencing (WES), it is now possible to diagnose BWCFF prenatally.
Case presentation
A pregnant woman was found to carry a foetus with pulmonary valve stenosis and renal pelvic separation, and prenatal diagnosis was performed. The pregnant woman underwent amniocentesis to collect amniotic fluid for karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and trio WES. Simultaneously, peripheral blood samples were obtained from the woman and her husband for trio WES and Sanger sequencing. The foetal karyotype was normal, and CMA did not reveal any abnormalities. WES identified a heterozygous missense mutation in ACTB (NM_001101.5; c.645G>T) in the foetus. The mutation was classified as likely pathogenic. Sanger sequencing revealed the absence of the mutation in either parent.
Conclusions
This case report presents an instance of foetal pulmonary valve stenosis coupled with renal pelvis separation, where trio WES identified an ACTB (NM_001101.5; c.645G>T) mutation. This is the first case in which foetal pulmonary valve stenosis was associated with BWCFF linked to an ACTB mutation.
Evaluating the Impact of Cuproptosis-Related Genes on Prognosis and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Li Shen , Wang Xiujia , Huang Jingle
Published: May 2024

Design:
Cuproptosis, a novel copper-induced cell death mechanism dependent on mitochondrial respiration, has been identified. Despite its implications, the roles of cuproptosis-related genes in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of colon cancer remain largely unexplored. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic and microenvironmental impacts of cuproptosis-related genes in colon cancer through comprehensive genetic and transcriptional analysis.
Methods
From four independent databases of TCGA and GEO datasets, we characterized the set of cuproptosis-related genes in 1124 colon cancer samples from the fields of genetics and transcription, and then evaluated their expression patterns. We identified two CRGclusters, and found that distinguishing clinicopathological features, prognosis, and tumor microenvironment cell infiltration characteristics were correlated with cuproptosis-related genes expression. Moreover, a predive risk score for overall-survival was established and its predictive capability in colon cancer patients was validated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves. Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed to improve the clinical features of the risk cores.
Results
The two cuproptosis-related gene clusters exhibited distinct clinicopathological and prognostic profiles, with significant variations in tumor microenvironment cell infiltration. High-risk scores were associated with increased mutation burdens, high microsatellite instability, and elevated immune cell infiltration, suggesting enhanced responsiveness to immunotherapy. The nomogram demonstrated robust predictive capabilities, enhancing the prognostic assessments in clinical settings.
Conclusion
Our findings not only deepen the understanding of cuproptosis-related genes in colon cancer but also pave the way for new prognostic tools and more effective immunotherapeutic strategies, leveraging the unique aspects of the cuproptosis pathway.
Specific Absorption Rate in Human Eye Model Exposed to Mobile Phone Radiation: A FDTD Study
Authors: Shadidi Zina Al , Falih Ahmad , Muslim zainab
Published: May 2024

It is imperative to recognize that extended exposure to radiofrequency (RF) waves can significantly affect the specific absorption rate (SAR) values in human eye tissues. In this study, we calculated the SAR values for the multilayered models of the Human Head and the Human Eye through various exposure periods (30 min, 45 min, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 h) at frequencies of 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz emitted from mobile phones antennas using MATLAB and the Finite Difference Time Doman (FDTD) method. The results indicate that increasing the exposure period of RF waves, results in elevated SAR values in the human eye tissues. Specifically, the Cornea in the Human Eye model experiences a drastic increase in SAR value to 19.44 W/kg after just 1.5 hours of exposure at a frequency of 0.9 GHz, which is a high value due to the increasing exposure period and interference. This significant increase in the SAR value presents a notable threat to one's health, as it is vulnerable to the constructive interference of electric waves from the antenna, which can amplify its strength. This is particularly crucial when prolonged exposure is considered. In light of these findings, it is imperative to prioritize safety and take all necessary measures to limit exposure to RF waves.
Monte Carlo simulations and machine learningmodels for cosmic-ray short-term variations andtest-mass charging on board LISA
Authors: Villani Mattia , Sabbatini Federico , Cesarini Andrea , Fabi Michele , Grimani Catia
Published: May 2024

Energetic particles of galactic and solar origin charge the metal free-falling testmasses (TMs) of the interferometers for gravitational wave detection in space.The deposited charge couples with stray electric fields thus generating spuri-ous Coulomb forces between the TMs and the electrode housing that limit theinterferometer sensitivity. Long-term and short-term galactic cosmic-ray varia-tions are strongly energy-dependent and the TM charging varies with particleenergy distribution. We propose two different approaches involving Monte Carlosimulations and machine learning models to study the recurrent modulationof energy spectra of galactic particles ascribable to the passage of high-speedsolar wind streams. The transit of interplanetary counterparts of coronal massejections modifies the effects of high-speed streams. This work aims at betterunderstanding the energy-dependence of galactic cosmic-ray short-term varia-tions for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the first interferometerfor gravitational wave detection in space, starting from lessons learned with LISAPathfinder. The outcomes of our models will be used to assess the TM chargingduring the time LISA will remain in orbit around the Sun.
Identification of an Interacting Kinase between AmCERK1 and AmLYK3 Mediates CIP-Induced Immune Responses in Atractylodes
Authors: Chen lei , Chang xiangbing , Wu kun , Tian Wei , Wu Chuntao
Published: May 2024

The Sclerotium rolfsii-induced Southern blight poses a severe threat to the medicinal plant Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (Atractylodes), yet effective control strategies for this pathogen remain limited. Chrysanthemum indicum polysaccharides (CIP) as an elicitor have been verified to induce the defense response of Atractylodes against Sclerotium rolfsii. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying ligand perception remain largely elusive. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted to identify two potential LysM-receptor kinases in Atractylodes, namely AmCERK1 and AmLYK3, as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) complexes recognize CIP. Subsequently, the involvement of these genes in CIP-induced defense responses was further confirmed. Notably, AmCERK1 and AmLYK3 are orthologs of Arabidopsis CERK1 and Medicago truncatula LYK3 respectively, exhibiting up-regulation upon CIP treatment. The BiFC assays demonstrate that the interaction between these two receptors necessitates the presence of CIP. Transient overexpression experiments reveal that CIP treatment enhances the expression of the receptor gene in the plants significantly. Additionally, the CIP treatment effectively mitigated the inhibition of target genes during the silencing of AmCERK1 and AmLYK3 in seedlings induced by pTRV-based VIGS application. The CIP is required for the interaction of AmCERK1 and AmLYK3 and facilitating the establishment of PTI in Atractylodes. This is novel receptor recognition complexes, and is crucial to probe into mechanisms of innate immune recognition in plant.
Functional Neural Networks of Physical Reserve Moderate the Association between White Matter Hyperintensity and Postural Balance in Older Adults with Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Hsu Chun Liang , Holtzer Roee , Tam Roger , Alkeridy Walid , Liu-Ambrose Teresa
Published: May 2024

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are markers of subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI) associated with impaired postural balance. Physical reserve (PR) is a recently established construct that reflects one’s capacity to maintain physical function despite brain pathology. This cross-sectional study aims to map functional networks associated with PR, and examining the relationship between PR, WMH, and postural balance. PR was defined in 22 community-dwelling older adults with SIVCI. Functional networks of PR were computed using general linear model. Subsequent analyses examined whether PR and relevant networks moderated the relationship between WMH and postural balance under two conditions – eyes open while standing on foam (EOF) or on floor (EONF). We found that PR and the relevant networks - frontoparietal network (FPN) and default mode network (DMN) - significantly moderated the association between WMH and postural balance. For individuals with high PR, postural balance remained stable regardless of the extent of WMH load; whereas for those with low PR, postural balance worsened as WMH load increased. These results suggest the attenuated effects of WMH on postural stability due to PR may be underpinned by functional neural network reorganization in the FPN and DMN as a part of compensatory processes.
Exploring the mediating role of motivational regulations in the relationship between body image and physical activity by sex: a structural equation modelling approach
Authors: LEÓN SERGIO NAVAS , TAJADURA-JIMÉNEZ ANA , MARQUEZ LUIS MORALES , MAS MERCEDES BORDA , NAVARRO MARÍA LUISA AVARGUES , MARTÍN MILAGROSA SÁNCHEZ
Published: May 2024

Background This study examined the relationship between body image (BI), physical activity (PA) level, and the mediating role of motivational regulation. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design and involved 1012 participants. BI was assessed using the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, motivational regulation using the Behavioural Regulation Exercise Questionnaire, and PA level with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the results. Results The findings showed that the subjective importance of physical appearance and physical shape had both direct and indirect impacts on moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and motivational regulation. The relationship between BID and MVPA was mainly mediated by intrinsic, integrated, and introjected regulations for men, and integrated, identified, and amotivated regulations for women. Conclusion These findings suggest that motivational regulation plays a crucial role in the relationship between BID and PA level and provide valuable insights for policy-makers and practitioners seeking to promote healthy PA behaviour.
High-precision rod-shaped bacterial cell length measurement based on Omnipose
Authors: Liu Weixin , Cheng Kaifang , Wang Qiuyan , Yang Xi , Yan Yang
Published: May 2024

Cell length is one of important parameters of cell morphology, which is of great significance for understanding cell structure, function,and physiological status. This paper uses the Omnipose method to segment rod-shaped bacterial cells, determine their skeleton and measure the length of rod-shaped bacterial cells. Compared with other algorithms, this algorithm proposed in this paper has smaller errors, achieving higher accuracy and stability in measuring bacterial cell length. The method described in the paper can quickly and automatically batch process a large number of cell images, and calculate the length of cells with high accuracy. This algorithm also provides a convenient, efficient, and reliable method for the study and experimentations of cell morphology.
Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota disruption promotes vascular calcification by reducing short-chain fatty acid acetate
Authors: zeng shiyu , liu yifu , zeng zhaolin , zhao zhibo , yan xilin , zheng jie , chen wenhang , wang zhenxing , xie hui , liu jianghua
Published: May 2024

Background Vascular calcification is a common vascular lesion associated with high morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular events. Antibiotics can disrupt the gut microbiota (GM) and have been shown to exacerbate or attenuate several human diseases. However, whether antibiotic-induced GM disruption affects vascular calcification remains unclear. Methods Antibiotic cocktail (ABX) treatment was utilized to test the potential effects of antibiotics on vascular calcification. The effects of antibiotics on GM and serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in vascular calcification mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics, respectively. Further, the effects of acetate, propionate and butyrate on vascular calcification were evaluated. Finally, the potential mechanism by which acetate inhibits osteogenic transformation of VSMCs was explored by proteomics. Results ABX exacerbated exacerbated vascular calcification. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics analyses showed that ABX and vancomycin treatments resulted in decreased abundance ofbacteroidetesin the fecal microbiota of the mice and decreased serum levels of SCFAs. In addition, supplementation with acetate was found to reduce calcium salt deposition in the aorta of mice and inhibit osteogenic transformation in VSMCs. Finally, using proteomics, we found that the inhibition of osteogenic transformation of VSMCs by acetate may be related to glutathione metabolism and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Conclusion ABX exacerbate vascular calcification, possibly by depleting the abundance ofbacteroidetesand SCFAs in the intestine. Supplementation with acetate has the potential to alleviate vascular calcification, which may be an important target for future treatment of vascular calcification.
Utilizing Sodium Alginate Biopolymer for Enhancing Montmorillonite- Enriched Clayey Subgrade
Authors: Abdi Salad Omar , Deb Plaban
Published: May 2024

Soil stabilization is the optimal approach that can improve various soil properties, including permeability, compressibility, strength, and durability. It is widely known that chemical stabilization can improve the mechanical characteristics of problematic soils. This work examined sodium alginate (SA) as a sustainable bentonite clay stabiliser to improve a high-plasticity clay. We soaked sodium alginate at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3%) to stabilise the bentonite clay of the compacted soil samples, utilising techniques such as standard proctor and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Adding sodium alginate in different amounts (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) lowered the optimum moisture content (OMC) and raised the maximum dry density (MDD). Following 0, 14, and 28 days of curing, the UCS of stabilized samples were evaluated. It was found that adding 2% sodium alginate to bentonite clay raised both the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content. The soil stabilized using the soaking technique displayed a higher 14-day UCS at the ideal sodium alginate content of 2% compared to the untreated soil. The microstructural investigation showed that the increase in strength was due to sodium aluminosilicate hydrate, a new cementitious material that filled in the pores and made the bonds between particles stronger. This research's conclusions will support bentonite clay's stability through the use of environmentally acceptable sodium alginate in subgrade applications.
Amplified vertical salinity contrasts in the northwestern tropical Pacific under ocean warming
Authors: Shi Huangyuan , Du ling , Ni Xubin
Published: May 2024

Analyses of vertically layered structures in ocean salinity present a recently amplified vertical contrast in the northwestern tropical Pacific, which has been attributed to the reversal of the long-term linear trend in salinity within the upper ocean from 1960 to 2023. Based on data obtained from both observations (Argo and WOD) and reanalysis (EN4), salinity trends shifted from freshening (-0.04 psu/40 yr) to salinification (+0.04 psu/60 yr) in the near-surface (above 24.6σθ), while subsurface (below 25σθ) freshening further strengthened from -0.03 psu/40 yr to -0.1 psu/60 yr after 2000. The near-surface salinification can be partly explained by atmospheric forcing related to global warming. The anomalous cyclonic wind-induced Ekman suction and wind-driven horizontal salt transport were favorable for increased salinity in upper layers. Nevertheless, the oceanic dynamic forces governed the vertical salinity structure. Under a warming climate, heat influx and warm water accumulation due to diabatic effects play a deterministic role in isopycnal deepening. The changes in salinity evoked by isopycnal changes were investigated from two perspectives: entrainment at the bottom of 24.6σθ and heaving variabilities for the upper layer above 24.6σθ, were primary factors in near-surface salinification. However, the relative significance of heaving variabilities decreased with depth and the major controlling factor became contingent on spiciness variabilities. It is suggested that, owing to a northward migration of the outcrop line, subduction along the path of the geostrophic streamline from the ventilation region, where freshened spiciness anomalies can be injected into subduction surfaces, tended to dominate the significant freshening trend at subsurface isopycnals.