bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Combination of Host‐Associated Bacillus megaterium R32 and Stachyose Promotes the Intestinal Health of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus. L)
Authors: Kong Yaoyao , Zhao Sifan , Ou Weihao , Mai Kangsen , Zhang Yanjiao
Published: September 2024

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of host‐associated Bacillus megaterium R32 and stachyose on the intestinal mucosal defense system of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus. L). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: control diet (C), control diet with 1.0 × 108 CFU/g B. megaterium R32 (RC), and 1.0 × 108 CFU/g B. megaterium R32 + 1.5% stachyose (RS) supplementation separately. The results showed that diets RS and RC significantly inhibited the expression of cell development and apoptosis‐related genes (β-catenin, CyclinD1, BAX, Bid); diets RS and RC significantly increased the expression of intestinal tight junction protein claudin-4, while RS group significantly decreased the expression of myosin light chain kinase; diets RS and RC significantly decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors (IL-13, IL-15, IFN- γ), diet RS also significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α and AP-1, and increased the expression of TGF-β. 16s rRNA gene sequencing results showed that diets RS and RC significantly decreased the abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria (Corynebacterium, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia-Shigella). Among them, the abundance of Bacillus in the RS group was the highest. It is concluded that the combination of stachyose and B. megaterium R32 had a more positive effect on intestinal cell development and barrier function and strengthened the intestinal mucosal defense system of turbot.
Optimizing Nitrogen Sources in Top Dressing for Wheat: Field Study on Growth, Yield, and Ammonia Volatilization
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Sajid , Mahmood Rashid , Hameed Aaqib , Ali Sajid , Nadeem Faisal , Awan Tahir Hussain , Fatima Ammara , Ahmad Zaira
Published: September 2024

In alkaline calcareous soils, ammonia volatilization is the primary nitrogen (N) loss process, resulting in the reduced N use efficiency of crops. This study aimed at assessing the impact of different N sources for top dressing on ammonia volatilization, as well as their effects on wheat growth and yield over two years. In each year, half of the recommended N was applied as a basal dose using diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea. The remaining half was top‐dressed 35 days after sowing with various sources: prilled urea (PU), granular urea (GU), ammonium sulfate (AS), and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) in the first year; PU, urea coated with a urease inhibitor from 20 g (VnU‐20) and 40 g (VnU‐40) leaves of Vachellia nilotica, biochar‐coated urea (BU), and urease inhibitor paraphenylenediamine‐coated urea (PPDU) in the second year. Ammonia volatilization losses were tracked for up to 12 weeks from sowing. Ammonia losses from basal‐applied N remained consistent in both years, comprising around 4% of the applied N. In the first year, top‐dressed AS resulted in the highest losses, followed by GU, while losses from urea and CAN were statistically similar. In the second year, coated fertilizers showed lower ammonia losses compared to PU, with VnU‐40 displaying the least losses, 48% less than PU. Nitrogen concentration in wheat grain and straw exhibited a negative correlation with ammonia losses. The choice of top‐dressed N source influenced tillering, biological, straw, and grain yields of wheat. In the first year, CAN provided maximum yield benefits, and in the second year, VnU‐20 exhibited 27% more grain yield than PU. These findings suggest that top dressing with coated urea, especially VnU‐20, has the potential to reduce ammonia losses, improve crop nitrogen status, and enhance economic yield compared to other nitrogen sources.
La toma del pulso y el arte pictórico del siglo XVII
Authors: Rodríguez-Gómez Rodolfo
Published: September 2024

El arte del siglo XVII permite evidenciar de manera fiel y sensata la práctica de la toma del pulso por parte de médicos y curanderos. Estas obras no solo atestiguan la actividad médica, sino también las creencias y costumbres de la época. Actuando como cronicstas, los artistas del siglo XVII documentaron un periodo histórico de la medicina que dejaba atras la superstición y adoptaba de manera progresiva la lógica y los conceptos del método científico. Las obras de arte sobre la toma del pulso plantean una visión unica y singular de quien es ajeno al acto médico, de un espectador, de un testigo de la escena, en este caso, el artista. El presente artículo busca resaltar aquella intersección entre la práctica de tomar el pulso y su representación en el arte de la época. Además, pretende resaltar la actividad de los médicos del momento, asi como exhaltar la actividad de los artistas que representaron la toma del pulso en sus obras de arte.
Evaluation of garlic extracts antifungal potential against causative fungi of dermatomycosis in Chile
Authors: Vieille Oyarzo Peggy , Noguera Gahona Melissa , Cruz Choappa Rodrigo , Cogliati Massimo
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Several studies on garlic have shown that due to its bioactive components it exhibits antimicrobial properties. The most prevalent dermatomycoses are those caused by dermatophytes and yeasts of the genus Candida. In recent years, an increase in recurrent and recalcitrant cases has been reported due to strains of dermatophytes resistant to terbinafine, a considered first-line antifungal. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to determine the in-vitro antifungal effect of extracts from Chinese garlic (fresh variety) and Chilote garlic (fresh and black varieties), against the two main fungi that cause superficial mycoses: Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans. METHODS: Fresh garlic extracts were prepared with a hydroalcoholic method with subsequent freeze-drying. Decreasing concentrations of each extract were tested. RESULTS: Both fresh Chilote garlic and its black variety showed an antifungal effectiveness at different concentrations on both analyzed fungal agents, while white garlic of Chinese origin did not show effectiveness against C. albicans at any concentration tested. CONCLUSIONS: Black garlic, compared to fresh garlic, does not release a strong characteristic odor or flavor, which would open a point of interest as a natural alternative to the antifungals currently used.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: Numerosos estudios sobre el ajo han demostrado que, debido a sus componentes bioactivos exhibe propiedades antimicrobianas. Las dermatomicosis de mayor prevalencia son las producidas por dermatofitos y por levaduras del género Candida. En los últimos años, se ha reportado un aumento en casos recurrentes y recalcitrantes dado por cepas de dermatofitos resistentes a terbinafina, antifúngico considerado de primera línea. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto antifúngico in-vitro de extractos provenientes de ajo chino (variedad fresca) y ajo chilote (variedades fresca y negra), frente a los dos principales hongos causantes de micosis superficiales: Trichophyton rubrum y Candida albicans. MÉTODOS: Los extractos de ajo fresco se realizaron con un método hidroalcohólico con posterior liofilización. Se testearon concentraciones decrecientes de cada extracto. RESULTADOS:  Se observó que tanto el ajo chilote fresco como su variedad negra, poseen efectividad antifúngica para ambos agentes analizados, pero en diferentes concentraciones, mientras que el ajo blanco de origen chino no mostró efectividad frente a C. albicans en ninguna concentración testeada. CONCLUSIÓN: El ajo negro en comparación al ajo fresco, no libera un fuerte olor ni sabor característicos, lo que abriría un punto de interés como alternativa natural a los antifúngicos actualmente empleados.
Queratoquiste Odontogénico, revisión de la literatura y serie de casos.
Authors: Romo Luis , Betancourt Contreras Lissette , Diaz Vania , Guzmán Antonia
Published: September 2024

El queratoquiste odontogénico es una lesión benigna común en zona del tercer molar y ángulo mandibular, afectando principalmente a hombres jóvenes entre la segunda y tercera década de vida. El tratamiento varía según factores, pero la combinación de técnicas ha demostrado efectividad para su eliminación y prevención de recurrencias. Caso clínico: Se presentan dos casos resueltos mediante tratamiento conservador, utilizando técnica de descompresión para facilitar exéresis. Discusión: Se destaca la importancia de considerar tamaño, localización y afectación estructural al elegir el tratamiento adecuado, siendo la resección con terapias adicionales la opción definitiva debido a su baja tasa de recidiva.
¿Cuáles son los desafíos operacionales del decreto 3 sobre protección radiológica en Chile? Una tarea pendiente
Authors: Salas Elmes Vanessa Náyaret
Published: September 2024

La carta editorial enviada, trata sobre el decreto 3 que rige la protección radiológica en Chile y como este, a los ojos de esta autora que trabaja con radiaciones ionizantes, necesita ser actualizado.
Avanzando hacia la medicina genómica para la atención de salud mental en Chile
Authors: Bustamante Calderón M. Leonor , Arancibia Meza Marcelo , Cordero Vega Miguel
Published: September 2024

Actualmente, las aplicaciones de la medicina genómica son una realidad para múltiples problemas clínicos, gracias al progreso de las tecnologías que permiten la secuenciación genética para establecer diagnósticos y tomar decisiones sobre tratamientos. En nuestro país existe una normativa vigente que contempla la aplicación de algunos exámenes genéticos, que se usan por ejemplo según la Ley Ricarte Soto en Chile para errores innatos del metabolismo y algunos tipos de cáncer. También, el American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recomienda el reporte de 81 variantes genéticas que podrían verificarse de manera incidental al realizar una secuenciación del genoma. Estas variantes son de reporte obligatorio ya que se asocian con errores innatos del metabolismo, susceptibilidad para hipertermia maligna, neoplasias y trastornos cardiovasculares y vasculares​ (Miller et al., 2023), siendo potencialmente accionables. Se espera que los progresos en la investigación genética y genómica lleven a un mayor número de resultados que incrementen esta lista de variantes. Hoy la medicina genómica está aportando en el diseño de tratamientos.
Table 2 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Lorlatinib treatment information
Table 1 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Baseline information
Figure S4 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Levels of oncogenic ALK mutations in tissue samples
Figure 5 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Long-term response to lorlatinib in a patient (patient 4) with refractory ALK p.R1275Q-positive neuroblastoma. A, MIBG or 68Ga-DOTATATE scans at the time of diagnosis, after induction of chemotherapy, and after 5 months of lorlatinib treatment. Red arrows denote tumors. B, Levels of ctDNA. C, Plasma methoxy noradrenaline. ND, not detected; URL, upper reference limit (0.7 nmol/L).
Figure 4 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Detection of relapse with ctDNA analysis 9 months prior to clinical presentation in a patient (patient 2) with ALK p.R1275Q-positive neuroblastoma treated with lorlatinib. A, MIBG scans. B, Levels of ctDNA. C, NSE. CS, Curie score; ND, not detected; TID, temozolomide, irinotecan and dinutuximab; URL, upper reference limit (16.3 µg/L).
Figure 2 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

ctDNA analysis using the NB-ALK sequencing panel. Pink areas denote parts of the ALK gene included in the panel. Recurrent mutations previously detected in neuroblastoma or associated with resistance to TKIs that are covered by the panel are shown; neuroblastoma hotspot mutations are bold. Angled numbers denote the range of ALK amino acid positions covered by each of the seven assays.
Figure 1 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Clinical response to lorlatinib in patients with ALK-driven relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. Black arrows denote ongoing treatment or follow-up. *Germline ALK variant. CR, complete response; PR partial response.
Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of Lung Ultrasonography and Chest Radiography for Detecting Pneumothorax in Patients with Trauma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sheng Bo , Tao Lili , Zhong Congbing , Gao Ling
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography (US) and chest radiography for detecting pneumothorax in patients with trauma using a meta-analytic approach. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify eligible studies until March 2023. The diagnostic performance of US and chest radiography was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic score, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Overall, 21 studies involving 4,087 patients with trauma were included. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, diagnostic score, DOR, and AUC of US for detecting pneumothorax were 0.83, 0.99, 73.72, 0.17, 6.06, 427.80, and 0.99, respectively. The corresponding values of chest radiography for detecting pneumothorax were 0.37, 1.00, 175.59, 0.63, 5.63, 279.97, and 0.86. US was associated with a higher sensitivity (ratio: 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–2.95; p < 0.001) or AUC (ratio: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.11–1.19; p < 0.001) and lower NLR (ratio: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.17–0.43; p < 0.001) compared with chest radiography. Conclusion: Lung US was associated with better diagnostic performance than chest radiography for detecting pneumothorax in patients with trauma.
A Severe Case of Infectious Necrotizing Anterior Scleritis Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Kayazawa Mariko , Kodama-Takahashi Aya , Sugioka Koji , Yunoki Mai , Kusaka Shunji
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This report describes a case of necrotizing scleritis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection soon after vitreous surgery, which caused severe scleral melting and rapidly progressive necrosis that led to scleral perforation and bacterial endophthalmitis. Case Presentation: The patient was an 86-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for vitreous hemorrhage in his right eye. On postoperative day 10, he complained of severe ocular pain and was found to have conjunctival edema and eyelid swelling, which was treated by topical and general systemic antibiotics. His ocular symptoms improved but subsequently worsened. On postoperative day 25, hypopyon and a fibrinous exudative membrane were observed in the anterior chamber, and the fundus could not be visualized. PPV was repeated with addition of silicone oil tamponade. During the surgery, the retina was found to be completely detached with severe anterior scleral melting, perforation, and necrosis, as well as abscess formation. Culture of an eye discharge specimen detected P. aeruginosa. After surgery, antibiotics were administered and the eye was washed with polyvinyl alcohol-iodine solution daily. Ten days later, the eye pain and eyelid swelling were significantly improved. The scleral inflammation gradually resolved without recurrence. Conclusion: In this case, rapidly progressive necrotizing scleritis caused by P. aeruginosa infection was controlled by a combination of antibiotics, removal of necrotic tissue, and daily eye washing with polyvinyl alcohol-iodine solution.
Healthy Aging at Moderate Altitudes: Hypoxia and Hormesis
Authors: Burtscher Johannes , Samaja Michele
Published: September 2024

Background: Aging is associated with cellular and tissue responses that collectively lead to functional and structural deterioration of tissues. Poor tissue oxygenation, or hypoxia, is involved in such responses and contributes to aging. Consequently, it could be speculated that living at higher altitude, and therefore in hypoxic conditions, accelerates aging. This assumption is indeed supported by evidence from populations residing at very high altitudes (>3,500 m). In contrast, accumulating evidence suggests that living at moderate altitudes (1,500–2,500 m) is protective rather than injurious, at least for some body systems. Summary: In this review, we critically evaluate the hypothesis that the physiological responses to mild hypoxic stress associated to life at moderate altitudes provide protection from many hypoxia-related diseases through hormesis. Hormesis means that a low dose of a stressor (here hypoxia) elicits beneficial outcomes, while a higher dose can be toxic and might explain at least in part the dose-dependent contrasting effects of hypoxia on the aging processes. The lack of well-designed longitudinal studies focusing on the role of the altitude of residence, and difficulties in accounting for potentially confounding factors such as migration, ethnicity/genetics, and socioeconomic and geoclimatic conditions, currently hampers translation of related research into uncontroversial paradigms. Key Messages: Deeper investigations are required to understand the impact of altitude-related hypoxia on age-related diseases and to develop molecular markers of ageing/senescence in humans that are linked to hypoxia. However, the presented emerging evidence supports the view that hypoxia conditioning has the potential to improve life quality and expectancy.
Management of Painful Blind Eye with Bilateral Symblepharon: A Case Report
Authors: Ervianti Octarina , Sutjipto Sutjipto
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Symblepharon is a challenging condition characterized by a painful blind eye. The main goal of treatment is to alleviate discomfort and improve the patient’s physical and mental well-being. Case Presentation: An Indonesian male, 38 years old, complained of vision loss and ocular pain in his right eye 1 month ago. The pain frequently manifests as a rapid, piercing, or scorching feeling that extends from the right eye to encompass the entire head. Both of his eyes exhibited symblepharon and xerophthalmia. At the age of 11, he experienced a previous occurrence of raised and blister-like skin lesions. Following his recovery, a gradual formation of membranes occurred, covering both of his eyes. His right eye had light perception for visual acuity, and the intraocular pressure was determined to be soft upon examination. The B-scan ultrasound revealed the presence of a long-term inflammatory or scarring process and a decrease in the length of the axis. The patient underwent surgery without experiencing any improvement. A psychological evaluation identified a headache caused by an eye condition, and we administered antipyretic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, and multivitamin treatments. The patient saw a reduction in pain intensity from a level of 9 to 5 after undergoing treatment for a duration of 1 week. Patients who have previously undergone surgical treatment for symblepharon should have a comprehensive evaluation when they encounter symptoms of vision loss and ocular discomfort. Conclusion: The psychological factor is essential for the treatment’s success. Treatment of the underlying cause is essential, and the patient must understand the irreversible loss of visual function. A management plan primarily aims to mitigate the adverse impact on the overall well-being and standard of living.
Potential Use of Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure/Pulmonary Artery Acceleration Time Ratio in Severe Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Serra Walter , Botti Andrea , Vignali Luigi , Chetta Alfredo
Published: September 2024

Introduction: To date, there is no specific evidence or criteria for the selection of patients with PH and severe tricuspid insufficiency that can be initiated into correction of tricuspid valvulopathy. Tricuspid regurgitation is a risk marker independent of mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The critical factor for the procedure’s success is to find the parameters to select patients so that they do not become just a futile act. Method: From the initial group of 271 patients, a final group of 123 patients were selected, all diagnosed with precapillary PH confirmed by catheterization and with tricuspid regurgitation by echocardiography. Patients were in groups 1 and 2 according to the 2022 Pulmonary Hypertension Guidelines. Patients with right to left shunt were not excluded. Results: In patients with severe precapillary PH, the sPAP/PAAT ratio was close to 1 (0.89 ± 0.43), while in patients with mild precapillary PH or in the postcapillary group, the sPAP/PAAT ratio was considerably lower (0.47 ± 0.20, p < 0.001). The average sPAP/PAAT of deceased patients was 0.76. Among the 68 deceased patients, 42 (61.70%) had severe tricuspid regurgitation. Conclusion: In our study, the average sPAP/PAAT ratio of the deceased patients with severe FTR was 0.76 mm Hg/ms; nevertheless, this knowledge could have a potential use but is not sufficient for full-informed qualification or disqualification for valve intervention, which requires specific TTVR-related data.
Exploring the Role of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Human Diseases
Authors: Peng Yali , Tao Huihui , Wang Guoying , Wu Mengyao , Xu Tinatin , Wen Chunmei , Zheng Xuejia , Dai Yong
Published: September 2024

Background: Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has emerged as a central focus in molecular biology, with various types being found across species through advanced techniques, including high-throughput sequencing. This dynamic molecule exerts a significant influence on aging and immune function and plays pivotal roles in autoimmune diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and genetic disorders. Summary: This comprehensive review investigates the classification, characteristics, formation processes, and multifaceted functions of eccDNA, providing an in-depth exploration of its mechanisms in diverse diseases. Key Messages: The goal of this review was to establish a robust theoretical foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of eccDNA, offering valuable insights for the development of clinical diagnostics and innovative therapeutic strategies in the context of related diseases.
Highlights from the 11th Bronchitis International Symposium: “Heterogeneity of Lung Disease in a Changing Environment,” Groningen, The Netherlands, 2024
Authors: Pouwels Simon D. , ter Haar Else A.M.D. , Heijink Irene H. , Hylkema Machteld N. , Koster T. David , Kuks Pauline J.M. , Maassen Sjors , Slebos Dirk-Jan , Vasse Gwenda F. , de Vries Maaike , Woldhuis Roy R. , Brandsma Corry-Anke
Published: September 2024

This meeting report provides an overview of the highlights of the Bronchitis XI international symposium, held in June 2024 in Groningen, The Netherlands. The theme of this year’s symposium was “heterogeneity of lung disease in a changing environment,” and the symposium contained five different sessions focused on (i) heterogeneity of chronic lung disease, (ii) environmental changes with impact on lung disease, (iii) the aging lung, (iv) bronchitis, and (v) innovative therapy. The highlights from each of these sessions will be discussed separately, providing an overview of latest studies, new data, and enthralling discussions.
Acquiescence and the Immunity of UN Peacekeepers; Implicit Acceptance?
Authors: van de Put Steven
Published: September 2024

In general States have not responded when faced with violations of international law committed by United Nations (UN) peacekeepers. This article aims to explore if such inaction, or silence, by States can be construed as legally significant. Relying upon the concept of acquiescence within international law, this article analyses if this specific situation can be seen as States implicitly agreeing to the UN not being bound to provide means of redress.

This article argues that it would be difficult to consider the practice of States to amount to acquiescence. In international legal terms, it cannot be established that this inaction satisfies all the conditions for acquiescence for either interpretation purposes or consent. Likewise, the host State might also not always be the relevant actor when considering redress. These arguments ultimately make it challenging to consider the current non-responsiveness of States to signify a form of acquiescence.
New insights into Tibetodus gyrodoides Young & Liu, 1954 (Actinopterygii, Pycnodontiformes) from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau based on micro-CT data
Authors: FANG GENG-YU , WU FEI-XIANG
Published: September 2024

The Pycnodontiformes is a distinctive group of fossil actinopterygian (ray-finned) fishes from the Late Triassic to Palaeogene. Tibetodus gyrodoides, reported in 1954, represents the only known fossil record of this group in China, holding significant scientific and historical importance. In this study, non-destructive techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) were utilised to reexamine the specimen, providing new insights into both the surface morphology and internal structures of the vomer and its teeth and investigating the process of tooth wear. A tooth covered by matrix was also discovered. Furthermore, an Elliptical Fourier Analysis (EFA) was conducted to quantitatively analyse the morphology of the palatal teeth in this specimen, adding new data for future research on pycnodontiforms and their feeding behavior.
Modeling the Two-Strain Dynamics of COVID-19 in Ghana Using a Logistic Growth Model
Authors: Cobbinah John , Boadi Samuella , Crankson Monica
Published: September 2024

Through mutation, viruses constantly change, bringing into existence new variants; SARS-CoV-2 is no different. In December 2020, variants with different characteristics that could affect transmissibility and death emerged around the world of which Ghana is not an exception. To address this new phenomenon, a two-strain mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 was formulatedto analyzed thetransmission dynamicsin Ghana. Thedisease-free equilibriumwas calculated. The basicreproduction number, R0= max{R0A, R0B} = max(0.9957945674, 1.109170840), associated with the model is computed using the next generation matrix operator. The disease-free equilibrium is found to be locally asymptotically stable when both R0A, R0B < 1, but unstable otherwise. In addition to the disease-free, the boundary equilibrium for strain A and strain B was also calculated. Using the Gershgorin’s circle theorem, it was shown that the boundary equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when both R0A, R0B > 1, but unstable when otherwise. Simulations of the model were carried out. Results indicate that the government should intensify its efforts to vaccinate a larger proportion of the population and also recommends implementing comprehensive control measures, such as the use of face masks, social distancing, and contact tracing, to mitigate the spread of the disease.
Soil Enzyme Responses and Crop Productivity Indices Assessment in Agricultural Soil Impacted with Heavy Metals
Authors: Anikwe Uchenna , Ameh Godwin , Edeoga Cyril , Oparaji Emeka
Published: September 2024

The present study assessed the productivity of cultivated garden vegetable among other ecological assessments in soil samples impacted with heavy metals. Assay of soil enzyme responses showed the activity of: catalase, peroxidase, lipase and ureasewith corresponding OD reading of 0.750, 2.05, 0.22 and 1.704 respectively. There were noticeable increases in the activity of ureaseandperoxidasewhilecatalaseandlipaseactivitywererelativelylowinthesampledsoil. Out of the 321g of the vegetable seedstested for viability, 45% representing 144.45g was used for the planting and further experiment. After three days of cultivation, germination process was recorded faster in the T. oleifera potted ridge while Amaranthus and Solanum sp seed took 3-4 day for break full dormancy. Determination of total chlorophyll a and b in the selected vegetables showed a correlative increase in chlorophyll a and b in soils contaminated with Zn, Cu and Fe in all the cultivated vegetables: T. oleifera, Amaranthus and Solanum sp, respectively. There are significant increase in total cholorphyl a (0.9mg/g) and b (0.8mg/g) contents from the results when compared with the control experiment as other soil contaminated with heavy metals such as: Pb, and As repressed the selected vegetables cultivated in the soil samples. However total chlorophyll a was seems lightly higher than cholophyl b in all the selected vegetable cultivated in soil. Analysis on the impact of heavy metals on the shootlength of the cultivated vegetables analysed for thirty-one days showed regressive increase in the shootlength of the cultivated vegetables as the period of harvest increases from 0-31 when compared with the control experiment. However Cd and As had the most estimated impact on the vegetables in all the cultivated soils and its impact progresses as the period of harvest increases. Dry matter weight contents of the cultivated vegetables cultivated in the polluted soils were analysed; also the same index was assessed in the vegetables from the unpolluted soils. There was a significant increase in the dry matter contents of the cultivated vegetables in soil polluted with Cu, Fe and Zn respectively. However, dry matter contents were seen progressively low in vegetables cultivated in soils polluted with Cd, As and Pb. When compared with the control experiment. The results from the present study have shown the vulnerability of agricultural soil and cultivated vegetables to effluent from industrial bias sources used for irrigation and its impact on agricultural productivity.
Evaluating the Performance of a Stacking-Based Ensemble Model for Daily Temperature Prediction
Authors: Xu Qiwei , Guo Anqi , Yu Wangzhi , He Chenfei
Published: September 2024

Temperature, as a critical element of weather forecasting, has consistently attracted extensive public attention. Accurate daily temperature prediction is essential for mitigating economic losses, preventing casualties, and maintaining public safety. However, traditional temperature prediction methods often fail to forecast the temperature promptly and effectively. To achieve more accurate daily temperatures prediction, researchers have turned to the recent advancement of artificial intelligence. This study aims to address the prediction of daily temperature in Algiers, by developing a stacking-based ensemble model. Firstly, the data normalization method is employed to preprocess the raw temperature data of Algiers in the experiment. Secondly, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Linear Regression, Random Forest, Recurrent Neural Network, and Support Vector Regression are selected as base models to predict the daily temperature. Finally, a stacking-based ensemble model with Recurrent Neural Network as the meta regressor (S-RNN) is applied for further accurate prediction. The experiment involves evaluating multiple metrics on the dataset to assess the performance of the model in predicting daily temperatures in Algiers. The experimental results indicate that the ensemble model outperforms other base models in addressing the challenges of daily temperature prediction. Meanwhile, this study confirms the significant potential in the application of stacking-based ensemble learning in the field of daily temperature prediction.
Study of the Use of Oxygenated Water as a Non-Toxic Molecule Model for Catalytic Testing of Pozzolana-PN and Iron-Based NOx Reducing Catalysts
Authors: Tahina Rabeharitsara , Mandimbimiarana Ny Itokiana , Baholy Raobijaona , Hanitriniaina Hdr Ratsimba , Fortuné Randriana , Pierre Rakotomamonjy
Published: September 2024

During previous catalytic tests on the reducing power of NOx catalysts based on pozzolana and PN-black citric acid polymer, it was found that the use of the NO2 model molecule poses a significant health and environmental risk. Thus, a project was launched to find another, much less harmful model molecule. Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 was chosen, a molecule naturally secreted by the body to prevent pigment synthesis, with disinfectant, antiseptic and whitening properties widely used in various activities, including cosmetics. Consequently, catalytic tests of NOx-reducing power using hydrogen peroxide H2O2 as a model molecule were carried out on two catalysts based on pozzolana and PN-black polymer of citric acid, PNP-Fe-water-15% and PNP-Fe-ethanol-15%, differing in the solvent used during their syntheses according to a procedure detailed in the bibliography and this manuscript. Pozzolana is a volcanic rock widespread in the volcanic mountains in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar. Its use as a support for catalysts based on PN-black polymer of citric acid and Iron-Fe enabled us to synthesize various catalysts, the characteristics and synthesis methods of which are detailed in this manuscript. In short, the catalytic test with hydrogen peroxide was conclusive, enabling a pragmatic comparison of the two catalysts tested, with the result that the catalyst synthesized with water PNP-Fe-water-15% is more active than the catalyst synthesized with ethanol PNP-Fe-ethanol-15%. This is due to the quality and difference in dispersion of the PN-black polymer molecules depending on the solvent used, which can have an impact on the nature of the catalyst surfaces and certain characteristics such as porosity. This dispersion is confirmed and viewed using an optical microscope to visualize the surface of a catalyst grain. Kinetic results from two proposed mechanisms for the reduction of H2O2 hydrogen peroxide molecules using PNP-Fe catalysts also confirmed not only the proposed mechanisms, but also the higher activity of PNP-Fe catalysts synthesized with water, whose kinetic constants are much higher than those synthesized with ethanol.
Fabrication and Characterization of Alkyl-Functionalized CNFs/Cellulose Acetate Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Mukhebi Situma , Otieno Geoffrey , Aluoch Austin , Andala Dickson , Owour James
Published: September 2024

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are kwidely used to fabricate nanocomposites with enhanced properties. The emergent properties of the nanocomposites depend on the initial properties of the CNFs and how the fibers have been dispersed within the polymer matrix. This study looks at the fabrication of nanocomposites using dodecyl, butyl, and acetyl functionalized CNFs with cellulose acetate as the polymer matrix. The CNFs were prepared by electro-spinning, and functionalization was achieved using alkyl halides in the presence of lithium. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the fibers were well embedded in the polymer Matrix, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) of the nanocomposite revealed a slight increase in the degradation temperatures of the nanocomposites as compared to the blank sample, the aggregate loss of weight of the samples was about 80%. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of the nanocomposites showed increased stiffness and modulus storage by an average of 450MPa for butyl and dodecyl-functionalized CNFs, however, the storage modulus values of the nanocomposites generally decreased with an increase in temperature. The glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was higher than that of the reference sample by an average of +36°C. Conductivity measurements of the nanocomposites showed no changes at lower frequencies of 1x102 - 4x104Hz. However, the values started increasing at peaked at 5x107Hz. The conductivity measurements revealed that the nanocomposites exhibited higher conductivity peaks at specific frequencies compared to the reference sample, indicating an enhanced electrical property of the nanocomposite. The study successfully fabricated nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties using functionalized CNFs.
Epidemiological Trends Related to Stroke and Neuroinfectious Diseases in Patients Admitted to the Neurology Unit at Cocody Teaching Hospital in Abidjan
Authors: Magala Gloire , Tanoh Muriel , Tanoh Abel , Kadjo Cedric , Magala Jonathan , Offoumou Fiacre , Arlette Desirée , Ehounoud Constance , Souza Nancy , N’guessan Yves , Kourouma Mavouloh , Diarra Evelyne , Assi Berthe
Published: September 2024

Background: In Ivory Coast, as in many tropical regions, there is a significant coexistence of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly within the field of neurology. The dual burden of neuroinfectious diseases, including meningitis and strokes, plays a crucial role in shaping public health strategies implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO) and national health programs. Unfortunately, the epidemiological trends are not regularly updated. This study aims to provide insights into hospital admissions and mortality related to strokes and brain infections to inform health policies and improve disease management. Method: It was a retrospective study that examined the medical records of patients admitted to the neurology department of the Cocody University Hospital in Abidjan from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, and included individuals across all age groups who were diagnosed with stroke, brain abscess, meningitis, or encephalitis. Results: The study involved 1,518 patients, strokes were more common among older adults, with an average age of 57.3 ± 13.7 years. Strokes represented the primary reason for hospitalization, making up 69% of cases, with an annual growth rate of approximately 2%, while neuroinfectious diseases accounted for 13% of total admissions. In-hospital mortality rates were 15% for stroke patients and 28% for those with neuroinfectious diseases, the latter showing a significantly higher mortality risk (odds ratio = 2.50; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Strokes are the leading cause of hospital admissions in our department, with increasing rates; however, neuroinfectious diseases have higher and stable mortality rates, indicating a more severe prognosis. Therefore, health policies must be reassessed to improve prevention and management for both diseases.
Construction of New Female Image in Early Modern China - Review of Performing China: Female Stars, Performance Culture, Visual Politics, 1910-1945 by Huiling Zhou
Authors: Dai Zi
Published: September 2024

The author of the book Performing China: Female Stars, Performance Culture, Visual Politics, 1910-1945, Huiling Zhou, through the method of careful cross-text reading of cultural and video data and the theory of performance cultural studies, studies the tortuous course of constructing new female images of Chinses women represented by female film stars in the early 1920s and 1930s. They are not only “theater actresses” on the screen, but also “social actresses” in social practice. In face of various social opinions, gossip and party comments at that time, early Chinese female stars found ways to release themselves in their screen roles and real lives in the real society. Their performances in the process of China’s modernization revealed the society’s conception of the country, urban scene and female image at that time. Hollywood’s influence on Chinese films in the 1930s was profound and extensive, from the portrayal of urban women in China to the demonstration of film marketing strategies. From the perspective of film performance, the author analyzes the process of cross-cultural communication and interaction between China and the United States in the 1930s, involving various aspects of film, literature, politics, painting and industry. The difficulty of reading this book lies in its strong theoretical nature. Then, the film documents and image data selected by the author in the early 1920s and 1930s are relatively unknown to many people today. The author’s cultural research method with visual as core of cross-cultural interaction research can make us have some new thinking about many popular cultural forms at present, and broaden our vision and thinking.
Visibility in the Italian Art World: How Far Along We Are
Authors: Sanesi Irene
Published: September 2024

Even though the concept of “nationality” when we talk about an internationally acclaimed artists is more and more blurred and has little to do with the importance of the artworks, it is evident how small the Italian art presence in great international art manifestations is, sometimes almost negligible. It is then necessary to understand the causes of this situation, to draw a map of the current state of the contemporary Italian scene and state some resolutions from it. The first 2022 Report “How (well) known is Italian art abroad?” by BBS-Lombard Benefit Corporation, together with Arte Generali has investigated how much Italian contemporary artists are (in)visible in the international art market, laying the groundwork for a much more in-depth research of the art system, with the ultimate purpose of giving new solutions to overcome this situation, wandering whether Italian art has a business model with (still) some gray areas - unlike almost all other product sectors – and how building an economy to bridge the gap, having a market strategy and being attractive in the international positioning can be a strategic move. The study was conducted carrying out both qualitative and quantitative analysis throughout more than 20 interviews to Italian curators internationally known that have helped us understand causes, strengths and weaknesses of the Italian art system and a big data collection about the presence of Italian artist in international museums, art manifestations, biennials, such as Biennale di Venezia and documenta, international art galleries and auctions. The global media coverage of Italian artists was analyzed with the help of Artiker and through the artificial intelligence of Wondeur AI, partner of Arte Generali, it was possible to analyze the relationship between art development and cities, considering the city’s overall success rate (percentages of artists showing growth in the city) and the city’s risk propensity (ability to attract artists). The instrument of the Italian Council was also studied, the main MIC project (Italian Ministry for Culture) in support of Italian art and the initiatives of Italian cultural institutes abroad. From the overall analysis some relevant names have emerged: Francesco Vezzoli, Monica Bonvicini, Enrico David, Paola Pivi, Tatiana Trouvè, Roberto Cuoghi, Rosa Barba, Massimiliano Cattelan (above all) and a few others, all united by a time of study or work abroad which allowed them to create valuable relationships with curators, galleries and museums abroad.