bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From credit boom to credit crunch in CESEE countries
Authors: Ademi Rilind
Published: June 2023

A development in the banking market and bank credit oriented towards the private sector is a key factor for the economic development of the country. Before the appearance of the financial crisis of 2008, credit growth in the CESEE countries was double-digit, raising the concern of an excessive credit growth which could cause the economy to overheat. The global financial crisis significantly reduced bank credit rates to the private sector mainly as a result of the reduction in capital movements that parent banks made to their subsidiaries in the CESEE countries. The purpose of the paper is to convey how these reductions in credit rates caused effects on important economic variables such as economic growth, inflation, non-performing loans. We also try to see what the response of the monetary authorities was during the crisis, where some countries also faced inflationary pressures.
A RELEITURA DURANTE PROCESSO DE ESCRITURA EM TEMPO REAL DE ALUNOS RECÉM ALFABETIZADOS
Authors: PEREIRA ROSELY ANTONIO DA SILVA , CALIL EDUARDO
Published: June 2023

A releitura do que sendo escrito é uma atividade cognitiva inerente a todo processo redacional. Se que se possa reler o que já se escreveu, parece ser difícil manter a unidade de sentido que que ainda se vai escrever. Essa ação do escrevente faz parte do movimento recursivo, próprio de todo ato de escrever. Este estudo, através do uso de uma ferramenta (Sistema Ramos) capaz de registrar o manuscrito escolar em construção em contexto de sala de aula, pretende analisar as ações de releitura efetivadas por escreventes recém-alfabetizados, quando inventam histórias ficcionais. Através do filme-sincronizado oferecido pelo Sistema Ramos, podemos analisar os momentos em que o aluno efetiva uma releitura para, em seguida, continuar escrevendo sua história. Nosso material de análise é composto de três filme-sincronizados, coletados em uma sala de aula com alunos do 2º ano escolar, durante três meses, em uma escola de Portugal. Nas propostas de produção textual, os alunos deveriam, organizados em díades, conversar, combinar e escrever uma história inventada. Nos três filme-sincronizados identificamos aproximadamente cinquenta (50) pontos de releitura, uma média de dezesseis (16) releituras por manuscrito produzido. Pudemos diferenciar as releituras em quatro tipos: releitura silenciosa, identificada através da direção do olhar e movimentos das mãos e canetas; releitura em voz alta, para si mesmo; releitura em voz alta para o parceiro, releitura a pedido da professora. Essas ações de releitura podem vir acompanhadas de modificações sobre o que já foi escrito. Dentre as ações de releitura, observamos que um dos alunos da díade realizou mais releituras seguidas de alterações no que já havia escrito. Essas alterações modificaram ou rasuraram aspectos ortográficos e gramaticais.
Difficulties of Vietnamese Students in Learning Academic Writing
Authors: Truong Trong Nhan
Published: June 2023

Writing is consistently regarded as one of the most challenging language-learning abilities. This paper investigates the challenges Vietnamese students face in learning academic writing in English. Ninety-five students from grades 6 to 12 who have been studying English for several years were surveyed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 14 Likert-scale statements and one multiple-choice question to determine their interests, habits, and perspectives toward learning English. Most participants expressed a keen interest in learning languages but felt that their writing skills in English were not up to par, attributing this to inadequate time spent practicing. As a result, it is suggested that secondary school students in Vietnam increase their writing practice time in English and alter their learning routines and habits accordingly.
Factores de riesgo asociados a la hipomineralización inciso - molar en pacientes atendidos en los servicios de clinica de odontopediatria y estomatologia de la Facultad de Odontologia de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Argentina)
Authors: Mardenlli Fabiana Andrea , Nannini Alicia Noemí , Vitelleschi Miguel Angel , Faini María Emilia , Romeo Gisela Amalia
Published: June 2023

La hipomineralización inciso-molar (HIM) es una patología que afecta exclusivamente a los primeros molares permanentes y ocasionalmente a los incisivos. Se produce por una alteración durante la fase de mineralización del esmalte. Así, el período más crítico para los defectos del esmalte en estos dientes es durante los últimos meses del embarazo hasta el primer año de vida del niño. Los posibles factores etiológicos de HIM se asocian a alteraciones durante la gestación y a algunas enfermedades de la primera infancia. Objetivos: Identificar y cuantificar factores asociados a HIM. Metodología: Estudio caso-control, apareados por edad (±1 año), con más de 5 controles/caso. Período: ciclo lectivo 2019-22. Datos consignados: edad y sexo del paciente, el lugar de nacimiento y residencia durante los primeros tres años; antecedentes de fiebre alta reiterada, enfermedades-medicación recibida y consumo de hierro; antecedentes perinatales del niño y obstétricos de la madre. Se aplicó un análisis de regresión logística; a=10% y b=20%; Odds Ratio con intervalos de confianza del 95% -OR (IC.95%)-. Resultados: Se registraron 31 casos con HIM y 208 controles. En el estudio multivariado, la prematurez, el antecedente de fiebre alta repetida y el tratamiento con ácido fólico durante los tres primeros años del niño se asociaron significativamente a la HIM; OR (IC95%) = 17.8 (2.1 - 142.8), 7.3 (1.4 - 40) y 4.6 (1.1 - 22.7), respectivamente. Con una significancia borderline el amamantamiento tuvo un efecto protector; OR (IC95%) = 0.9 (0.8 - 1.04).  Conclusiones: En este estudio se pudo determinar que las variables asociadas a la HIM están vinculadas con trastornos propios del embarazo y con eventos de fiebre alta repetida durante los primeros mil días del recién nacido.
The SCAFFOLDING AND INVESTIGATION OF THINKING TO CALCULUS PROJECT IN PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PBL) ACTIVITIES
Authors: Zaini Zaini
Published: June 2023

PBL adoption is increasingly widespread and recognized for various disciplines in higher education and in basic education has made a trend in learning innovation today. PBL provides individual freedom to find, utilize, build knowledge through experience in the form of project completion. The characteristics of the project used are the existence of investigations that give students the freedom to change and build knowledge. The investigation took place every day in a row from the student team (2 people) for 4 days for the given calculus project. The results of project completion investigations were delivered through team presentations, discussions, interviews with lecturers, and the provision of scaffolding by lecturers.Investigation which success include combination, definition of maclaurin series, tribe and series and derivative function which support project finishing, describing material supporting of project through example,verification binomial theorem, identification to 30 tribes maclaurin series/binomial series and approach value through tool of conting/ software(excel,calculator,geogebra) Scaffolding thinks incompatibility occurs in understanding and interpretation of combination notation, thought theorem, and implementation in calculations. Researcher's discovery that students are very active in building knowledge and exploring their experiences, as well as building openness in teams and instructors.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING IN PREDICTING CHILDREN'S NUTRITIONAL STATUS WITH MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS
Authors: Mutammimul Ula  , Ananda Faridhatul Ulva  , Mauliza  , Muhammad Abdullah Ali  , Yumna Rilasmi Said
Published: June 2023

Forecasting is an important part of making plans and making decisions that can predict future events. Forecasting techniques in this study used multiple linear regression. This study aims to predict the number of cases of child nutritional status in children in each region. The purpose of this study was to see the results of predicting the number of children's nutritional status in each region and to make it easier to predict children's nutrition. The research method includes the analysis of the system built and the design of machine learning applications using the Multiple Linear Regression method. Then the system built can help predict the nutritional status of children in Aceh quickly, precisely, and accurately. The data used is data on the nutritional status of children in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Based on the results of forecasting for 2021 based on data obtained in previous years, the predicted results of total nutritional status in 2021 are 449,0912126. The results of this study indicate that the linear regression method obtains the best model results by being able to predict the implementation of machine learning.
APPLICATION OF WEB-BASED APRIORI ALGORITHM FOR DRUG INVENTORY AT KHAIRI FARMA PHARMACY
Authors: ZIDAN Muhamad Nur Zidan , Rika Ismayanti  , Nariza Wanti Wulan Sari
Published: June 2023

Inventory has a very important role in increasing sales and service to consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the information and sales patterns in the form of association rules at a certain period that can provide advice to the pharmacy in managing drug inventory. The algorithm used in this study is a priori to determine the results of sales patterns in the form of association rules. Association rules are obtained by implementing an apriori data mining algorithm to a website-based system using laravel and the resulting calculation results are in the form of Drug Association rules purchased simultaneously. With a minimum support value of 2, there are 214 items in 1 – the itemset that passes the minimum support and 9 association rules formed from all transactions of 519 data with a confidence value of more than 30%. From the resulting Association rules, there are Association rules with the highest confidence value of 66.67% in the form of ketotifen and cupanol pairs purchased simultaneously.
APPLICATION OF THE FIFO MODEL IN THE DRUG INVENTORY INFORMATION SYSTEM AT THE ASYFA KRUENG MANE PHARMACY
Authors: SayedFachrurrazi  , Muthamainnah  , Muhammad Fajar Maulana  , Angga Pratama
Published: June 2023

Asyfa Krueng Mane Pharmacy is a business entity engaged in the sale of drugs. The drug supply data processing system that was carried out at the Asyfa Krueng Mane Pharmacy still uses ordinary stationery to process drug supply data so that it is deemed less effective and efficient. Therefore, there is a need for an information system that can be used to assist and support the efficiency of the drug data processing process at the Asyfa Krueng Mane Pharmacy using the FEFO (First First Out) method, which is a method that dispenses drugs with shorter expiry dates than drugs with a later expiry date. long. With the application of the FEFO method in the Asyfa Krueng Mane Pharmacy information system, it is hoped that there will be no more accumulation of drugs and drugs with shorter expiration than drugs with longer expiration can be issued in order. As for the research results, you can see the Asyfa Pharmacy and type of Obt001 and type of Paracetamol and drug stock and date of entry and exit
The Relationship Between Socio-Economy, Motivation and Performance through Job Satisfaction of Early Childhood Teachers in Cluster 4 Sedap Malam, Tanah Bumbu Regency
Authors:   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Mahdalena Rika , Aslamiah Aslamiah ,   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Sulaiman Sulaiman ,   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the socio-economic relationship and motivation with teacher performance through the job satisfaction of PAUD teachers in Cluster 4 Sedap Malam, Tanah Bumbu district. This study used a quantitative descriptive research type with a total sample of 134 PAUD teachers in Cluster 4 Sedap Malam, Tanah Bumbu Regency. Data collection techniques by way of observation and distributing questionnaires. The techniques used in analyzing the data are multiple correlation techniques and path diagrams to display a picture of the relationship between variables according to the assumptions used. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was no significant relationship between the socio-economics of teachers and the performance of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a weak positive correlation; (2) There is no significant relationship between work motivation and the performance of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a very weak positive correlation; (3) There is a significant relationship between teacher job satisfaction and the performance of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a strong positive correlation; (4) There is a significant relationship between teacher socio-economic and job satisfaction of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a strong positive correlation; (5) There is a significant relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction of Cluster 4 Sedap Malam PAUD teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency with a very strong positive correlation; (6) Significant job satisfaction contributes to strengthening socio-economic relations with the performance of Cluster 4 Early Childhood Education teachers in Tanah Bumbu Regency; and (7) significant job satisfaction participates in strengthening the relationship between work motivation and the performance of Cluster 4 PAUD teachers in Sedap Malam, Tanah Bumbu Regency.
Development of a Corporate-Based Corn Seed Area in Jatirogo District, Tuban Regency
Authors:   Master of Agribusiness Study Program Faculty of Agriculture, UPN Veterans East Java, Marganing Budi Ayu , Tjahaja Amir Indra ,   Master of Agribusiness Study Program Faculty of Agriculture, UPN Veterans East Java, Hendrarini Hamidah ,   Master of Agribusiness Study Program Faculty of Agriculture, UPN Veterans East Java
Published: June 2023

One form of assessment that can be done is a periodic evaluation which can be a warning if programs and activities run outside the plan and become input for further improvement. After the assessment, it is also necessary to determine the priority of the strategy for developing corn seed areas to continue with better achievements. Based on the situation and conditions described, there needs to be research to make decisions for farmers in working on their farms. Therefore, researchers want to research related to the development of corn seed areas in Jatirogo District, Tuban Regency, East Java. The determination of farmer samples was carried out purposively by taking 3 farmer groups, namely the chairman, secretary, and treasurer so that the number of samples from all farmer groups was 60 people and 10 key informants. The data analysis methods used are the CIPP Evaluation Model and Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP). The results of this research are in the development of a pilot program for the development of corporate-based corn seed areas in the future are the welfare factors of corn farmers, production factors related to the business of corporate-based seed corn cultivation, and ease of access factors that support the business of corporate-based corn seeds or corn farmer farming.
EFEKTIVITAS ANTIFUNGI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BARU CINA (Artemesia vulgaris L ) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Candida albicans
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Salsabila Serang, Shobah Afifah Nur
Published: June 2023

Pengobatan kandidiasis umumnya dilakukan dengan memberikan obat antifungi yang berasal dari golongan azole. Candida albicans merupakan khamir atau jamur tidak berfilamen yang bersifat patogen. Salah satu cara alternatif untuk menghambat antijamur yaitu melalui penggunaan obat tradisional. Tanaman daun baru cina bagian dari tanaman obat keluarga (toga), dan secara empiris oleh masyarakat untuk pengobatan keputihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui efektivitas konsentrasi dan metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak etanol daun baru cina (Artemisia vulgaris L). Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pembuatan simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak digunakan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% selama 3 x 24 jam, dan dilanjutkan dengan proses skrining fitokimia. Hasil skrining fitokimia ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses pengujian efektivitas antifungi menggunakan metode apus Kirby-Bauer dengan menggunakan kertas cakram dan ekstrak daun baru cina dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, kontrol negatif, dan kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan zona hambat pada konsentrasi 20% dengan diameter zona hambat 11,95 mm, pada konsentrasi 40% dengan diameter zona hambaat 12,91 mm, pada konsentrasi 60% dengan diameter zona hambat 16,23 mm, sedangkan kontrol positif memiliki diameter zona hambat sebesar 21,18 mm dan kontrol tanpa perlakuan tidak memiliki zona hambat. Ekstrak etanol daun baru cina (Artemisia vulgaris L) efektif sebagai antifungi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Konsentrasi optimum yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans yaitu konsentrasi 60%, semakin tingginya konsentrasi maka semakin besar diameter zona hambat antifungi.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN SUSPENSI EKSTRAK KERING UMBI TALAS JEPANG ( Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott ) MENGGUNAKAN PENSTABIL NA – CMC UNTUK MENANGANI STUNTING
Authors:   Universitas Pancasila, Budiati Anarisa , Arifin Mochammad Futuchul ,   Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila, Sumiyati Yati ,   Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila, Antika Dinda Indra ,   Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Pancasila
Published: June 2023

Umbi talas jepang (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) dibudidayakan di Indonesia mengandung zat besi dan zink yang digunakan untuk menangani stunting. Ekstak kering umbi talas dikembangkan menjadi sediaan cair suspensi, mudah digunakan serta lebih disukai oleh anak-anak. Formulasi sediaan suspensi dibuat dengan variasi suspending agent Na-CMC dengan konsentrasi 0,2% dan 0,4% serta variasi wetting agent Propilenglikol dengan konsentrasi 10% dan 15%. Dilakukan uji evaluasi yaitu: uji organoleptik, viskositas, pH, redispersi, dan volume sedimentasi. Didapat formula terbaik yaitu formula 1 dengan betuk cair, warna merah muda, rasa manis strawberry dan aroma strawberry, pH 6, viskositas 230 cPs, redispersi 7x kocokan, dan volume sedimentasi pada menit ke-15 yaitu 0,18 dan hasil uji stabilitas selama 14 hari pada suhu kamar (25 oC) dan suhu 40 oC menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang siginifikan dari suhu dan lamanya penyimpanan terhadap viskositas larutan dan sedimentasi larutan.
POTENSI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DARI TANAMAN KROKOT (PORTULACA GRANDIFLORA): NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors:   Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Nurcholis Waras , Putera Irsal Riyan Alifbi ,   Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Rosyidah Rara Annisaur ,   Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Agung Kurnia Muhammad Riyo ,   Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Aisyah Syarifah Iis ,   Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
Published: June 2023

Krokot (Portulaca grandiflora) merupakan tanaman hias yang belum banyak diketahui dan dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh masyarakat. Tanaman ini juga bermanfaat sebagai obat dan kosmetik (bahan baku). Krokot (P. grandiflora) mengandung beragam metabolit sekunder, antara lain alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan lainnya. P. grandiflora diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Aktivitas antioksidan dari salah satu bagian untuk satu jenis tanaman dapat berbeda karena kandungan fitokimia dari setiap bagian tanaman juga berbeda. Review ini menjelaskan kandungan fitokimia dan kadar antioksidan dari tanaman P. grandiflora dari artikel ilmiah. Artikel yang dituju bersumber dari jurnal internasional, jurnal nasional terakreditasi sinta. Terdapat banyak kandungan fitokimia dari P. grandiflora dan berpotensi bekerja sebagai antioksidan. Berdasarkan artikel dan senyawa fitokimia yang didapat tanaman P. grandiflora berpotensi sebagai antioksidan.
SIMULASI IN SILICO SENYAWA AKTIF DAUN JAMBU MAWAR (Syzygium jambos L. Alston) SEBAGAI OBAT ANTIINFLAMASI
Authors:   Universitas Garut, Suwandi Deden Winda , Wahyuni Nindi ,   Universitas Garut, Intan M Selvira Anandia ,   Universitas Garut
Published: June 2023

Inflamasi merupakan salah satu respon imun bawaan yang berperan dalam sistem pertahanan terhadap senyawa asing. Dalam penelitian terdahulu telah diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun jambu mawar memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui senyawa kandidat dari daun jambu mawar yang memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi melalui interaksi terhadap reseptor TNF-α dan enzim iNOS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode in silico yaitu penambatan molekul untuk memprediksi afinitas senyawa-senyawa daun jambu mawar terhadap iNOS dengan kode: 1NSI dan TNF-α dengan kode: 3EWJ. Hasil penambatan molekul menunjukkan senyawa methyl (4R,9R,10R,15R)-4-(cyanomethyl)-4,9,10–trimethyl-3-[2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)propan-2-yl]-15-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,5,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-13-carboxylate memiliki afinitas lebih baik dari ligan alaminya dengan nilai ΔG -13,65 kkal/mol pada residu asam amino GLY346 dan LEU348 reseptor TNF-α, dan menunjukkan senyawa alpha-Tocopherol-beta-D-mannoside memiliki afinitas terbaik dengan nilai ΔG -10,53 kkal/mol pada residu asam amino TRP372 reseptor enzim iNOS. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua senyawa ini merupakan kandidat yang paling potensial sebagai antiinflamasi.
An Empirical Study of Internet Insurance in Taiwan Adopting the Theoretical Framework of UTAUT2
Authors: Ku Fan Chiang , Lee Chen-Ying
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Insurance company managers must focus on improving the quality of internet insurance services in the near future. Since young people are early adopters of internet insurance, insurance companies in Taiwan must introduce value-added services to young people regarding internet insurance and provide more convenient services to older customers. This study investigated the factors that influence the intention of using internet insurance in Taiwan, adopting the theoretical framework of UTAUT2. The study determined which factors influence the intention to use internet insurance to allow insurance companies to develop more marketing strategies. The results of the study revealed that Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Perceived Risk, and Price Value significantly influenced consumers' intention to use insurance online services. Facilitating Conditions were also found to be a mediating variable with enhanced effectiveness between Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior. The intention to use had a significant effect on the Use Behavior of insurance network services.

JEL classification numbers: G22, M15, Q55.
Keywords: UTAUT2, Intention to use, Internet insurance services.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pencipta Atau Pemegang Hak Cipta Yang Ciptaannya Digunakan Sebagai Ringtone
Authors: Akyuwen Rory Jeff , Panjaitan Wijaya Natalia
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Law Number 18 of 2014 is one of the products of the law which regulates the authority and rights of creators for their creations. Specifically for music copyrights or hits related to the illegal sale of ringtones or ringtones that use songs belonging to the creators. This is of course detrimental to the creator and is a violation of copyright.Purposes of the Research: The aim is to balance the rights and obligations between creators or copyright holders and those who want to use them for commercial purposes.Methods of the Research: This writing uses a normative juridical research method, the legal materials used are secondary legal materials obtained through library research on primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Legal materials are discussed with a statutory approach, a concept approach and a case approach.Results of the Research: That in principle the process of proving criminal cases conducted online can be accepted according to the Criminal Procedure Code as an effort to fill the legal vacuum in the case of "certain circumstances" which are determined as emergencies or other circumstances. Whereas a criminal case evidence is said to be ideal, both in direct/normal trial and electronic/online trial, if it has fulfilled the evidentiary parameters, namely: implementation of proof principles/theory; evidence; submission of evidence; burden of proof; power of proof; and minimal evidence.
ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ПОВЕДЕНИЕ КЛИЕНТОВ ГОСТИНИЦ
Authors: Абдуллаева Зульфия
Published: June 2023

В данной статье основное внимание уделяется выявлению факторов, влияющих на удовлетворенность и лояльность потребителей гостиничных услуг в Узбекистане. В исследовании использованы диалектико-системный подход, комплексная оценка, сравнительный анализ и статистико-динамический подход для выявления ключевых факторов, влияющих на поведение клиентов отеля. Анализ показывает, что клиенты разных экономических классов имеют разные приоритеты при выборе отеля, при этом важными критериями являются такие факторы, как цена, расположение и дополнительные услуги. Отмечаются также сезонные изменения спроса и цен. В статье представлена подробная информация о стоимости гостиничных номеров разных классов и даны рекомендации по разработке программ лояльности клиентов.
BOZOR ISLOHOTLARI SHAROITIDA MOLIYAVIY HISOBOTLARNI SHAKLLANTIRISH MASALALARI
Authors: Tojimatov Izzatbek
Published: June 2023

Ushbu maqolada bugungi bozor islohotlari sharoitida moliyaviy hisobotlarni shakllantirish masalalari toʻxtalib, amaliyotdagi murakkab va munozarali jihatlariga eʼtibor qaratildi. Banklar tomonidan kredit berishdagi moliyaviy hisobotlarni tahlili, tuzilishidagi omillar, dolzarb masalalardan biri sifatida izohlandi, zero, korxonaning moliyaviy natijalari uning moliyaviy hisobotlarida oʻz aksini topadi, bu oʻz navbatida korxona ishonchliligiga bevosita taʼsir qiladi. Maqola soʻngida muallif bozor islohotlari sharoitida moliyaviy hisobotlarni shakllantirish masalalarining yechimlari yuzasidan takliflar shakllantirdi.
ОТЛИЧИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ МСФО И НСБУ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СОСТАВЛЕНИЕ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ОТЧЕТНОСТИ
Authors: Савинова Галина
Published: June 2023

В статье рассматриваются основные отличия Международных стандартов финансовой отчетности от Национальных стандартов бухгалтерского учета Республики Узбекистан, какую информацию дают МСФО и НСБУ, какие есть формы и как они связаны. В чем заключаются основные отличия составления отчетности, какую отчетность использовать инвестору. В статье приводятся рекомендации последовательности составления финансовой отчетности по МСФО.
РЕНЕССАНС ДАВРИДА ПАНТЕИСТИК ҚАРАШЛАРНИНГ ФАЛСАФИЙ ТАҲЛИЛИ
Authors: Бойдадаев Абдуррохмон
Published: June 2023

Ғарбий Европа фалсафасининг ривожида Ренессанс деб ном олган давр алоҳида ўрин эгаллайди, бу даврнинг ўзига хос бўлган хусусиятлари қаторида инсон ва табиат ўртасидаги мутаносиблик, инсонни коинотда эгаллаган ўрни, инсон онгининг даражалари ва шакллари каби масалалар бизнинг эътиборимиз марказида бўлиб, мақолада инсон онгининг таҳлилига эътибор қаратилган.
NEMIS TILIGA CHET TILIDAN O‘ZLASHAGAN SO‘ZLARNING STRUKTURAL-SEMANTIK TADQIQI
Authors: Kuvonov Zarifjon
Published: June 2023

Ushbu maqolada o‘zlashmalar, ularga berilgan ta’riflar, nemis tiliga boshqa chet tillardan o‘zlashgan so‘zlar, o‘zlashish yo‘llari, so‘zlarning o‘zlashishga sabab bo‘luvchi omillar va nemis tiliga o‘zlashgan so‘zlarning strukturasi va semantikasi haqida so‘z boradi. Maqolaning kirish qismida o‘zlashma haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar keltiriladi. So‘ngra maqolada foydalanilgan adabiyotlar va metodologiyasi haqida so‘z boradi. Muhokama qismida asosiy muammolar haqida fikr yuritilsa, natijalar qismida nemis tiliga o‘zlashgan so‘zlarning struktural –semantik jihatdan tahlili berilgan. Maqolaning so‘ngida esa mavzu jihatda xulasalar berilgan.
ИККИНЧИ ЖАҲОН УРУШИГА ОИД МАҲАЛЛИЙ МУЗЕЙ МАТЕРИАЛЛАРИ ЎҚУВЧИЛАРНИНГ ТАРБИЯВИЙ-ТАДҚИҚОТ ФАОЛИЯТИ ТАШКИЛ ЭТИШ ВОСИТАСИ СИФАТИДА
Authors: Бозорова Назокат
Published: June 2023

Мақолада иккинчи жаҳон урушига оид маҳаллий музей материаллари ўқувчиларнинг тарбиявий-тадқиқот фаолияти ташкил этиш воситаси сифатида талқин этилган. Тарихий музейларда ўқувчиларнинг илмий-тадқиқот фаолиятини амалга ошириш жуда истиқболли педагогик ташаббус бўлиб, синфдаги ишларни ўқувчиларнинг дарсдан ташқари машғулотлари билан уйғунлаштириш асосида таълим ташкилотлари амалиётида жорий этиш учун тавсия этилган.
YONG‘IN XAVFSIZLIGI MADANIYATI–ODDIYLIKDAN KOMILLIK SARI
Authors: Ro‘ziev Rustam
Published: June 2023

Ushbu maqolada yong‘in xavfsizligi qoidalariga oid ma’lumotlar asosida yong‘in xavfsizligi madaniyatini shakllantirishning huquqiy asoslari,yong‘in xavfsizligi madaniyatiga ta’rif berish orqali uning tarkibiy komponentlari yoritilgan.
РАЗВИТИЕ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА И ГОСУДАРСТВА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Бекимбетова Дильфуза
Published: June 2023

В данной статье основное внимание уделяется отношениям морали, права, этики и законности в развитии гражданского общества в процессах глобализации, их диалектическому единству, а также основным факторам развития государства наряду с гражданским обществом.
Electronic Divorce Provisions
Authors: Salah Salwan Saad
Published: June 2023

Electronic divorce is the solution of the marriage association by the international pronunciation of the husband explicitly through the means of modern communication. If the divorce takes place through the internet means in the form of a text message then the divorce will pronounced verbally, and he will take his judgment whether it is explicator not in all cases the conditions of divorce stipulated by Muslim jurists be met.
IMPROVEMENT OF VIGOR AND EARLY GROWTH OF TWO COMPOSITE MAIZE VARIETIES THROUGH SEED PRIMING TREATMENT
Authors: Kadir Muhammad , Dzulkifly Ashan Muhammad , Syamsia Syamsia
Published: June 2023

One factor affecting productivity is the quality of seeds with good initial seed vigor indicators, but less than optimum growing environment conditions also affect seeds' growth and initial Vigor.  One of the technologies that can improve it is giving priming treatment to the seeds before planting. This study aims to see the effect of priming treatment to improve the quality of Vigor and early growth of 2 composite corn varieties, namely Sukmaraga and Bisma. The research was carried out in the laboratory and the Green House, with the experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with each seed of the two varieties treated with Hydropriming (soaking seeds before planting) using Ion-Free Water (IFW) for 30 minutes, 12 hours, and 24 hours plus a control treatment without Priming, and priming using PGR made from sodium orthonitrifenol 0.2%, sodium 2,4-dinitrophenol 0.05% both as controls. So there are a total of 10 treatments.  The results showed that priming treatment greatly influenced the germination, where all Hydropriming treatments gave average germination above 88%, significantly different from seeds without priming below 82%. The hypocotyl length ratio of Sukmaraga and Bisma corn seeds was also different from the treatment without priming. Seeds with hydropriming for 12 hours showed the best field growth percentage, reaching 96.7% (Sukmaraga variety) and 96.98% (Bisma variety).
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Women in Disaster Prone Khulna Region in Bangladesh
Authors: Moral Abdur Razzak , Faruk Md. Golam , Roy Dr. Tuhin
Published: June 2023

The study was conducted on the adaptation strategy of women to climate change in disaster prone Khulna region of Bangladesh and the main objective of the study is to explore the climate change adaptation strategies of women in disaster prone Khulna region in Bangladesh. The study was conducted through the survey method. Purposive sampling techniques were used and the total sample size was 140. Interview schedule was used for data collection from the study area from three villages: naming jabakhali, pankhali and kodumtola in Burigaualini Union of Shyamnagar upazila in Satkhira district. Most of the women were married and housewives. Majority of the respondents 70 percent were taken traditional adaptation strategies to adopt with disaster. Majority (62%) percents were taken meal insufficiently and suffered with various health problems. Mainly local adaptation measures like poultry rearing, traditional vegetable cultivation, fish cultivation, day labor, rain water collection etc. were taken by women. Also they have migrated to another place as adaptation measure. Most of them (68%) were faced gender discrimination and violence in family and workplace. Maximum 80 percent of the respondents have no decision making power in family. Maximum (82%) did not participate with community adaptation programme for household workloads and husband apathy. About 70 percent of the respondents did not get financial support from government of non-government organization for the lack of communication and political aggression. This study also found some significant correlation (Pearson c2=17.222 ; Df= 6, p< .009) between household Income and level of meal taking, educational status and decision making power, educational status and participate on community adaptation programme. The study recommended that raising high awareness, Creation of employment and economic opportunities, women friendly cyclone centre and empowerment are needed to adopt with disaster of women in the study area. After all, specific attention of government as well as non-government organizations is inevitable for overcoming the awful effects of disaster and improving socio economic condition of women in south western region of Bangladesh.
The Effect of Different Lignocellulose Biomass-Based Substrates on the Enhancement of Growth, Yield, and Nutritional Composition of Grey Oyster Mushrooms
Authors: Saidan Noor Hafizoh , Ridzuan Hamil Mohd Shahrul , Pahirul Zaman Khomaizon Abdul Kadir , Zakaria Nik Nur Azwanida , Fadzil Norsyafiera Syuhada , Abdul Rahman Kharul Azmi Muazzam
Published: June 2023

The local agricultural industry has produced a lot of biomass waste from agro-based materials, which contain much lignocellulose that can be used as substrates for oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation. This study aims to compare the effect of different lignocellulose biomass-based substrates on oyster mushrooms’ growth, yield, and nutritional composition. Three different substrates (cassava peel, sugarcane bagasse, and sawdust) were prepared, and the growth response was observed and measured. The fastest mycelial colonization was achieved from sugarcane bagasse after 29 days of cultivation. Oyster mushrooms grown with sugarcane bagasse substrate showed the highest carbohydrate, fiber, and energy content with 10.70%, 7.70%, and 52.00 kcal, respectively, compared to mushrooms grown with other substrates. The biological efficiency of sugarcane bagasse is also comparable to sawdust. Thus, it can be concluded that sugarcane bagasse has a high potential to be used as an alternative biomass-based substrate for cultivating P. ostreatus with enhancement on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition.
Mengupas Stereotipe Mistis Ritual Seblang Olehsari dalam Ruang Virtual
Authors: Reefadhinta Novta A.  , Rifdah Nurjihan S.  , Rica Agatha
Published: June 2023

The mystical stereotyped of Seblang ritual with an innacurate understanding spreads informations presented in the mass media. Some of people’s comprehension not entirely true because virtual space triggers people to realize that Seblang is a hideous ritual. Informations spread in the mass media make the reader not really understand with the intention of information provider. The comprehension of Seblang ritual as a hideous ritual will continue build people’s meaning construction especially in virtual space. Presentation of this paper researcher uses qualitative research with an ethnographic approach  to  explore  stereotypes  that  spreads  in  virtual  space  regarding  hideous mystical perspectives using simulacra theory.
المشهد التاريخي الحضري في القدس - زخم تراث وتنوع حضارة
Authors: طوقان شادية
Published: June 2023

تسعى هذه الورقة إلى عرض وتحليل لنشأة المدينة في التاريخ اعتمادا على تعريفات المدينة وشرح محتوياتها ومقوماتها والتي تؤدي إلى تشخيص وتحليل المدينة وكيفية تطورها وأسباب ديمومتها على مدى التاريخ، وتتطرق للتوجهات الحديثة للمؤسسات الدوليّة والإقليميّة لكيفية التعامل مع المراكز التاريخيّة بشكل أكثر واقعيّة وشموليّة مما كان سابقا، والإقرار بأهميّة دورها كمحرك للاقتصاد والتنمية. وتلخص التوصيات التي صدرت من الدوائر المختصة في منظمة اليونسكو (والتي تم اعتمادها في عام 2011) للنظر إلى المدن التاريخيّة، والتعامل معها، بصفتها «مشهد للتراث الحضري» بعناصره المختلفة الأكثر شموليّة وإلى دوره في التنمية المجتمعيّة والاقتصاديّة، وانعكاس هذا التوجّه على التخطيط والإحياء في المدن التاريخيّة في المنطقة بشكل عام وفي فلسطين بشكل خاص.

تقدّم الورقة البلدة القديمة في القدس كنموذج مثالي للمدينة التاريخيّة بتنوع وزخم تراثها وحيويتها ومكانتها ومساهمتها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في حياة سكانها، بدءاً بالتطور التاريخي في البلدة القديمة في القدس ومكانتها على مدى العصور كمدينة حيّة، وأهميتها الدينيّة والثقافيّة، ودورها الاقتصادي والاجتماعي في حياة الأجيال التي تعاقبت عليها، وتوصي بضرورة التزام المهنيين المعنيين باتخاذ الخطوات اللازمة للحفاظ على تراثها العمراني المميز حسب المعايير الدولية للصون/ الحفاظ والتخطيط، ولإحيائها بناء على التوجّهات الجديدة لليونسكو كمشهد تراث حضري بحيث تسلط الضوء على تكامل عناصر تراثها المادي وغير المادي ودورها التنموي المستمر في حياة أهلها.
سيرة الحياة كمنهج: من البحث السوسيولوجي إلى التدخل الاجتماعي
Authors: البجدايني ياسين
Published: June 2023

تناولت هذه المقالة استعمالات سيرة الحياة، وقد تم الاقتصار على استعمالين: الأول هو البحث السوسيولوجي، والثاني هو التدخل الاجتماعي. فإذا كانت سيرة الحياة أداة لا غنى عنها للبحث السوسيولوجي الكيفي، التي تُمكن من جمع المعطيات التي تشكل أساس بناء فهم تأويلي للقضايا والوقائع والمشكلات الاجتماعية المطروحة، فإنها أضحت في الوقت المعاصر أداة للتدخل الاجتماعي، لأنها تمكن من إعادة بناء معنى الحياة لدى المستهدفين، ومساعدتهم على التصالح مع ذواتهم وتاريخهم الشخصي في أفق بناء رؤية جديدة حول الذات والتاريخ والوجود. وعليه يمكن التأكيد، أن سيرة الحياة ليست أداة ووسيلة للأكاديميا والإكلينيكية وحسب، وإنما آلية لتحقيق الاعتراف الاجتماعي بالإنسان، وأنسنته في ظل التحولات العالمية، ولدمقرطة الممارسات المهنية الموجهة للأشخاص في أوضاع صعبة.
تطور الفكر والممارسة الكولونيالية الإسرائيلية الهجينة وتطبيقها في التخطيط الحيزي
Authors: خمايسي راسم
Published: June 2023

يهدف هذا المقال إلى عرض ونقد جدلية تطور وتحول العلاقة بين الاستعمار الاستيطاني الصهيوني في فلسطين وبين التخطيط الحيزي. يُفرق المقال بين استخدام الاستعمار للتخطيط الحيزي التوجيهي لاستخدامات الأراضي، بما في ذلك تموضع المستوطنات، وبين التخطيط الرسمي الضابط والمحدد لاستخدامات الأراضي، والذي يستخدم كمركب مركزي في مصفوفة الضبط والسيطرة الإسرائيلية على الحيّز. هذا التخطيط له سمات وملامح شبه ثابتة لتحقيق المشروع الصهيوني. استفاد هذا المشروع من تطور وتحول تجارب نماذج الاستعمار وكوّن حال استعمار هجين مارسه في إنجاز روايته وأيديولوجيته التي تُشكِل بوصله لنشاطه الاستيطاني الاستعماري المتنوع كما يعرضها ويناقشها المقال بإيجاز.
Hemşirelikte Kanıta Dayalı Bakım ve Araştırma Süreci
Authors: CAN Gülbeyaz , AKYÜZ ÖZDEMİR Ferda
Published: June 2023

Kanıta dayalı bakım; en güncel ve en son kanıtın araştırılması, elde edilen kanıtların klinik uzmanlık ile
değerlendirilmesi ve araştırma sonuçlarının hasta tercihleri dikkate alınarak bakım uygulamalarına entegre edilmesini kapsayan holistik bir yaklaşımdır. Bakım uygulamalarının en güncel kanıtlar ile desteklenmesi, araştırma sonuçlarının uygulanabilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi ve elde edilen sonuçların klinik alana entegre edilmesi üç aşamalı bir süreçtir. Kanıtların hemşirelik bakımında kullanımı hemşirelerin klinik tecrübelerini ve klinik araştırma sonuçlarını birleştirmesini sağlamaktadır. Kanıta dayalı bakımın geliştirilmesi için klinik bir soruna özgü araştırma yapılması ve araştırma sonuçlarının klinik alanda uygulanabilmesi gerekmektedir. Bununla birlikte hemşirelerin bakım uygulamalarına yönelik güncel literatürü düzenli olarak takip etmesi ve yeni gelişmelerden haberdar olması önemlidir. Kanıt temelli uygulamalar sayesinde hemşireler kendi bilgi birikimini kullanarak doğru karar verebilir ve elde ettiği güvenilir kanıtları hangi hastaya nasıl uygulayacağını bilebilir ve her hastaya özgü bakım hizmeti sunabilir ve uzun vadede hemşirelik mesleğinin gelişmesini sağlayabilirler. Kanıta dayalı bakım sürecine yönelik yalnızca klinikte çalışan hemşireler değil aynı zamanda hemşirelik öğrencilerinin de bilgi sahibi olması gerekmektedir. Öğrenciler kanıt temelli yaklaşımların neler olduğunu, nasıl uygulaması gerektiğini bilerek, hastaya özgü kanıt temelli bakımı planlama sürecine hakim olarak mezun olmalı ve kliniklerde çalışmaya başlamalıdır. Ancak hemşirelerin ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kanıta dayalı bakıma yönelik doğru bilgiye ve uygun veri kaynaklarına ulaşabilme, veri tabanlarının uygun şekilde kullanımı, ulaşılan kanıtların kanıt düzeyinin belirlenmesi gibi araştırma süreci hakkında bilgi düzeylerinin yeterli olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu derleme makalede kanıta dayalı bakıma yönelik araştırma sürecine yer verilmiştir.
Bill Evans Doğaçlamalarında Armonik Yapı (“All The Things You Are” Örneği)
Authors: BADOĞLU Özgür , ÖZKELEŞ Sercan
Published: June 2023

Caz müziğini diğer müzik türlerinden ayıran en önemli unsur doğaçlamadır. Caz müziğinde doğaçlama, icra edlin eserin armonik yapısına bağlı kalınarak, ustalık gerektiren çalgı teknikleriyle birlikte yeni fikirler geliştirerek seslendirmektir. Doğaçlama hem bestecilik hem de seslendirme/yorumlamaya dayalı müzikal eylemleri içerdiğinden, belirli bir ezgi modelinden hareketle yapılan doğaçlamanın temel kaynağını müzik teorisi bilgileri oluşturur. Caz eserlerinde, parçayı taşıyan armonik yapıda her zaman birtakım bağlantılar bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlantıları ortaya çıkarmak için, akor tür değişkenleri, akor fonksiyon değişkenleri, akor pozisyonlarının konumlandırmaları gibi çeşitli yaklaşımlar kullanılmaktadır. Amerikalı caz piyanisti ve bestecisi Bill Evans, doğaçlamalarında caz müziğinin geleneksel öğelerini ve çağdaş müziğin farklı tınılarını birleştirmede ustalaşmıştır. Evans bu iki müzik türü için bir sentez olup, doğaçlama alanı için son derece değerli bir kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Evans’ın 1963 yılında yayımlanmış olduğu “Solo Sessions vol-1/2” albümündeki “All The Things You Are” isimli eserdeki doğaçlamasının armonik yapısının ortaya çıkartılması ve bu öğelerin kullanımlarına ilişkin değişkenlerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya ilişkin verilerin toplanmasında nitel araştırma tekniklerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde görsel analiz yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada sergilenen armonik analiz modeli, akor tür değişkenleri, akor fonksiyon değişkenleri (vekil akorlar, triton durumu) ve akor konumlandırmaları (3/7 voicing, voicing dışı konumlandırma) olarak 3 ana boyutta boyutta analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucu elde edilen veriler ışığında Bill Evans doğaçlamalarında, armonik yapıda, akor konumlandırmalarında voicing türlerinden 3/7 vocing türünü, akor fonksiyon değişkenlerinde ise triton ve vekil akorlar yöntemi kullandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Grey Water Management using Low Cost Adsorbent
Authors: Prof. Kumbhar A. N.  , Mr. Saurabh Sanjay Patil  , Mr. Krishnaraj Chandrkant Desai  , Mr. Dhananjay Suresh Nanavare  , Mr. Digvijay Nandakumar Patil
Published: June 2023

In order to develop a healthy and hygienic environment, water quality should be maintained within the respective standards. Source of Wastewater is obtained from combination of the domestic, industrial, commercial, agricultural activities. Wastewater obtained from various sources need to be treated very effectively in order to maintain a hygienic environment. In addition to this, disease causing bacteria will grow up in the stagnant water and the health of the public will be in danger. The principal aim of wastewater treatment is generally to allow human and industrial effluents to be disposed off without danger to human health and natural environment. The treatment of waste water depends on the character and quality of sewage and sources of disposal availability.
Preliminary data of potentially hazardous radon concentrations in Modrič Cave (Croatia)
Authors: Lončarić Robert , Radolić Vanja , Surić Maša , Miklavčić Igor , Šatalić Matea , Paar Dalibor , Obšivač Lukrecija
Published: June 2023

Instigated by relatively high cave-air CO2 concentrations in Modrič Cave (Croatia) recorded for the purpose of speleothem-based paleoclimate research, we established preliminary monitoring of radon (222Rn) concentrations within the cave for a 4.5-year period (2018–2022). As radioactive geogenic gas, radon, which often correlates with cave-air CO2 concentrations, presents a potential health hazard in cases of longer exposure time in high concentration conditions. Since the Modrič Cave is open to tourists and long-term scientific research has been performed within, a safety assessment for radon concentrations was essential. The integrated measurements of radon concentrations were performed by passive LR115 detectors that were exposed from three to six months at eight sites within the cave. Preliminary results showed seasonal variations of radon concentrations (0.08–13.6 kBq/m3) governed by the cave ventilation patterns, but superimposed on this, cave morphology and bedrock architecture control the radon variations on finer spatial scale. The 3-months average 222Rn concentration of up to 13.6 kBq/m3 during summer in one of the cave passages is among the highest measured seasonal averaged radon concentrations in Croatian caves, but maximum concentrations were even higher. Based on obtained results and calculations, potential negative health effects of radon exposure for cave visitors, guides and scientists were assessed and the results showed values of exposure to be below recommended levels. Calculated worst-case scenario for cave guides (most affected by radon and its progeny) revealed that they would receive dose slightly below the occupational dose limit of 20 mSv/y (19.0 ± 5.2 mSv/y) in the touristic part of the cave and significantly higher doses (34.1 ± 9.2 mSv/y) in the non-touristic part of the cave. To detect precise spatio-temporal radon concentration variations (up to diurnal scale) we recently established continuous radon measurements. This will enable detection of possibly health threatening short-term peaks in radon concentration and consequently further improve cave management.
Desperate and Opportunistic: CBRN Terrorists and Civilian Radiological Material
Authors: Mihell-Hale Oliver
Published: June 2023

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) terrorism has long been a threat that has concerned policy makers. This paper highlights the factors which determine when a group is likely to use CBRN weapons given the numerous constraints on their use. A group which is desperate, small, and innovative is most likely to resort to their use as the taboos which constrain groups under normal circumstances become an incentive. These characteristics also determine what type of CBRN weapon will be used, a basic radiological weapon. A radiological weapon is relatively easy to develop compared to other options, and the material for it can be easily acquired. Using International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports, this research explores numerous shortcomings in sectors using radiological material both past and present. Significant failures have occurred in, and continue to occur in the medical, scrap metal, energy, and industrial practices. These are shown to provide ample opportunity to a resource poor group to carry out a successful CBRN attack.