bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Chromium and Tin Present in the Environment and Seawater on Biochemical Parameters in Male Rabbits
Authors: Citrine EL-Maleh  , Fayrouz Khaled
Published: January 2025

The biochemical effects of exposure to potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) and tin chloride (SnCl₂) on important liver and kidney function parameters and oxidative stress markers in experimental groups compared to controls are evaluated in this study. Male animals were split into three groups: a control group, a group that received K₂Cr₂O₇, and a group that received SnCl₂. Biochemical parameters, such as total protein, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, glucose, liver enzymes (AST and ALT), and plasma TBARS, were measured. The results showed that the K₂Cr₂O₇ and SnCl₂ groups had significantly lower levels of total protein and albumin than controls, indicating impaired protein synthesis. With SnCl₂ having a more noticeable effect, bilirubin levels were higher in the experimental groups, indicating hepatic impairment. Urea and creatinine levels rose as a result of both toxicants, indicating renal impairment, especially in the K₂Cr₂O₇ group. Both therapy groups had noticeably higher glucose levels, which is an indicator of metabolic problems. In line with hepatocellular damage, the experimental groups' hepatic enzyme activity (AST and ALT) was noticeably elevated. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation marker TBARS levels were markedly increased, indicating increased oxidative stress, with K₂Cr₂O₇ showing a greater effect. In summary, exposure to K₂Cr₂O₇ and SnCl₂ resulted in notable biochemical changes, with K₂Cr₂O₇ exhibiting more marked oxidative and nephrotoxic effects and SnCl₂ having a greater influence on hepatic function and protein synthesis. These results highlight the necessity of more investigation into these chemicals' toxicological processes.
Comparison of Reported Antibiotic Treatment in Chicken Farming and Antibiotic-Resistant (E. coli) in Commercial Poultry Meat
Authors: Amir Gomaa  , Sauad Abdulhadi  , Najah Mohamad
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in poultry meat sold in Al Bayda, Libya. A total of 37 chicken meat samples were analyzed for resistance to 12 antibiotics, using the disk diffusion method. The results indicated high resistance rates, particularly to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefazolin, and tetracycline, with 48% of the isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. Conventionally reared poultry showed significantly higher resistance to gentamicin, commonly used in egg vaccines. The study found no significant differences in resistance across production categories, but brand-specific factors were strongly associated with resistance levels. These findings suggest that antibiotic use in poultry production, particularly in conventional systems, contributes to increased resistance, emphasizing the need for improved regulations and monitoring of antibiotic use across all stages of production to ensure food safety and reduce the spread of resistance.
Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure: The Predictive Value of Precipitating Factors
Authors: Ragia Haduth
Published: January 2025

This study assesses the clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with Decompensated Heart Failure (DHF); the predictive value of precipitating factors. We have analyzed the factors potentially which contribute to Heart Failure (HF) in hospitalization among 125 HF hospitalized patients with DHF in Albyda medical center. New onset HF and worsening HF conditions were observed across several health hypertension, atrial fibrillation, anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke renal dysfunction, arrhythmia, ischemia. Ejection Fraction showed slight declines in both new onset (35.66 ± 8.021) and worsening (35.52 ± 8.12) scenarios. Mortality rates were starkly higher in worsening cases (90.4%) compared to new onset (9.6%). Among patients with reduced ejection fraction, longer hospital stays correlated with higher mortality rate. Hypertension, history of atrial fibrillation, COPD, stroke, arrhythmia, Patient with low EF longer hospital stay high mortality rate cases.
Sự ảnh hưởng của độ mở nền kinh tế, chất lượng thể chế và đổi mới công nghệ tới bền vững môi trường ở Việt Nam
Authors: Phạm Xuân Bách , Phan Thế Công
Published: January 2025

Hội nhập kinh tế là xu thế chung của thế giới với sự ảnh hưởng lên các chính sách của nhiều quốc gia, đặc biệt trong việc cắt giảm các rào cản thương mại, mở rộng chính sách thu hút đầu tư. Tuy nhiên, bên cạnh những lợi ích to lớn về mặt kinh tế, xu thế này cũng có thể tạo nên những ảnh hưởng trái chiều đối với sự bền vững về môi trường ở nhiều quốc gia. Bài viết này nghiên cứu sự ảnh hưởng của độ mở chính sách thương mại, độ mở chính sách thu hút đầu tư FDI, chất lượng thể chế, năng lượng tái tạo và đổi mới công nghệ đối với sự bền vững về môi trường ở Việt Nam. Áp dụng phương pháp ARDL và FMOLS với dữ liệu trong giai đoạn 1996-2020, kết quả cho thấy sự gia tăng “độ mở” về các chính sách tự do hóa thương mại, thu hút đầu tư có sự ảnh hưởng trái chiều đối với sự bền vững về môi trường, trong khi năng lượng tái tạo và chất lượng thể chế lại có ảnh hưởng tích cực. Ngoài ra, đổi mới công nghệ cần phải chú trọng đến định hướng “xanh”. Với những kết quả trên, nhóm tác giả đưa ra một số khuyến nghị hướng đến bền vững về môi trường.
Sự không phù hợp giữa bằng cấp với việc làm và tình trạng việc làm của các cử nhân đại học ở Việt Nam
Authors: Trần Quang Tuyến , Vũ Văn Hùng
Published: January 2025

Nghiên cứu này xem xét tác động của sự không phù hợp giữa bằng cấp và công việc tới tình trạng việc làm của lao động có bằng đại học, tập trung vào tình trạng tham gia bảo hiểm xã hội và hợp đồng lao động. Sử dụng dữ liệu từ các Khảo sát lực lượng lao động giai đoạn 2018-2022, nhóm tác giả phát hiện rằng những người lao động gặp phải sự không phù hợp về ngành học, trình độ hoặc cả hai (không phù hợp hoàn toàn) có tỷ lệ tham gia bảo hiểm xã hội và hợp đồng lao động thấp hơn đáng kể so với những người được phù hợp hoàn toàn cả về ngành học và trình độ. Phân tích hồi quy logit đa thức xác nhận rằng những người lao động trong các vị trí không phù hợp, đặc biệt là những người không phù hợp về trình độ hoặc không phù hợp hoàn toàn, ít có khả năng tham gia bảo hiểm xã hội và ký hợp đồng lao động. Những phát hiện này gợi ý rằng việc cải thiện sự liên kết giữa chương trình đào tạo và nhu cầu của thị trường lao động, cùng với khuyến khích các nhà sử dụng lao động cung cấp bảo hiểm xã hội và hợp đồng lao động cho những lao động làm việc không đúng ngành nghề, có thể góp phần tăng cường sự ổn định và an toàn công việc, qua đó nâng cao phúc lợi xã hội cho nhóm lao động này.
Vai trò của đổi mới sáng tạo đối với khả năng vượt rào cản xuất khẩu và tác động đến hiệu quả xuất khẩu của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam
Authors: Nguyễn Hoàng
Published: January 2025

Bài báo nghiên cứu tác động của khả năng vượt rào cản xuất khẩu và đổi mới sáng tạo đến hiệu quả xuất khẩu của các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam. Thông qua phân tích hồi quy trên mẫu 356 doanh nghiệp, kết quả cho thấy cả khả năng vượt rào cản xuất khẩu và đổi mới sáng tạo đều có ảnh hưởng tích cực, đáng kể đến hiệu quả xuất khẩu. Đặc biệt, đổi mới sáng tạo đóng vai trò điều tiết, khuếch đại tác động của khả năng vượt rào cản, giúp doanh nghiệp tăng cường khả năng thích ứng và cạnh tranh trong bối cảnh quốc tế đầy biến động. Nghiên cứu góp phần làm rõ mối quan hệ giữa các yếu tố trên, đồng thời gợi ý các giải pháp nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả xuất khẩu cho doanh nghiệp Việt Nam.
Kiến thức thị trường, cam kết xuất khẩu và kết quả xuất khẩu của các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam
Authors: Lê Nguyễn Diệu Anh
Published: January 2025

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm phân tích, đánh giá tác động của kiến thức thị trường, cam kết xuất khẩu đến kết quả xuất khẩu của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam. Phân tích định lượng với mẫu 279 doanh nghiệp Việt Nam cho thấy hai yếu tố kiến thức xuất khẩu và cam kết xuất khẩu có tác động tích cực đáng kể đến kết quả xuất khẩu của doanh nghiệp. Đặc biệt, bài viết tìm ra tác động cộng hưởng tích cực của hai yếu tố này, khi được phối kết hợp đồng triển khai sẽ đóng góp mạnh mẽ hơn vào kết quả xuất khẩu của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam. Trên cơ sở kết quả thu được, một số giải pháp được đề xuất đối với doanh nghiệp, với Chính phủ và cơ quan quản lý nhà nước nhằm nâng cao kết quả xuất khẩu của doanh nghiệp nước nhà, thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế và hướng đến mục tiêu phát triển bền vững trong tương lai.
Tác động của tổ chức học tập đến kết quả công việc của giảng viên: vai trò của hành vi đổi mới sáng tạo
Authors: Ngô Thị Mai
Published: January 2025

Kết quả công việc của giảng viên (GV) đóng góp trực tiếp vào kết quả hoạt động của trường đại học, giúp hiện thực hóa mục tiêu và chiến lược phát triển của trường. Do đó việc xem xét yếu tố tác động nhằm cải thiện kết quả công việc của GV là điều cần thiết. Bài viết phân tích tác động của tổ chức học tập (TCHT) đến kết quả công việc của GV các trường đại học, xem xét vai trò trung gian của hành vi đổi mới sáng tạo. Sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hồi quy với mẫu nghiên cứu 505 GV, kết quả cho thấy TCHT ở cấp độ nhóm và trường có tác động tích cực đến kết quả công việc của GV, TCHT ở cấp độ cá nhân và trường có tác động tích cực đến hành vi đổi mới sáng tạo, hành vi đổi mới sáng tạo có tác động tích cực đến kết quả công việc của GV và làm trung gian toàn phần trong mối quan hệ giữa TCHT ở cấp độ cá nhân và kết quả công việc của GV, làm trung gian một phần trong mối quan hệ giữa TCHT ở cấp độ trường và kết quả công việc của GV. Phát hiện này khẳng định vai trò của TCHT ở các cấp độ khác nhau đến kết quả công việc của GV cũng như hành vi đổi mới sáng tạo và vai trò của hành vi đổi mới sáng tạo trong mối quan hệ này. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, bài viết đề xuất một số hàm ý đối với các trường đại học Việt Nam trong thúc đẩy TCHT, hành vi đổi mới sáng tạo và nâng cao kết quả công việc của GV.
Expanding metaverse market: New opportunities and challenges for the content industry
Authors: Yun Chang Ok , Yun Tae Soo
Published: January 2025

The metaverse is expanding from a simple technology or service into a platform-centric industrial ecosystem. Initially discussed in the context of infrastructure networks, such as computer communication networks, it has since broadened to include content and services related to virtual reality, such as games and films. Recently, the scope of this expanded ecosystem has further widened, linking various types of content through content-based platforms. In this metaverse market, the content market plays a crucial role. This paper aims to examine the current state of the content market within the metaverse market and explore its future development directions. We will analyze various aspects of the content sector utilizing the metaverse both domestically and internationally, investigating how the use of the metaverse is evolving from mere entertainment to a productive market with applicable business models.
Prevalence, pattern and determinants of sexual violence against female students of tertiary institutions in Gusau, Zamfara State.
Authors: Abubakar Mohammad , Garba Rayyan
Published: January 2025

Background:
Sexual violence constitutes any act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances against a person’s sexuality using coercion by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting, including but not limited to home and work. It includes rape, which has been defined as physically forced or coerced penetration however slight- of the vulva or anus using penis, other body parts or an object. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, pattern and determinants of sexual violence amongst female students of tertiary institutions in Gusau.
Methodology:
This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among female students in tertiary educational institutions in Gusau, Zamfara State in North-western Nigeria. Only students who have spent at least a semester in the school were included in the study using multistage sampling technique. Data was obtained using self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result:
Three hundred and two students have responded to the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants is 20.88 with a standard deviation of 3.815 predominantly Hausa/Fulani ethnic group (80.1%), while the least ethnic group was Igbo (4.6%). The prevalence of sexual violence is 35.1%, of which, rape had the highest frequency 44 (44.0%); This is followed by unwanted sexual advances, demanding sex for favour, and fondling of sensitive body parts in order of decreasing frequency. There was statistically significant difference between those that experienced sexual violence and those that did not in terms of mode of residence, level of study, nature of cloth worn, attending social gathering, alcohol consumption, and drug consumption with a p-value of 0.006, 0.010, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model shows that level of study, attending social gathering, alcohol consumption, and drug consumption are independent predictors of sexual violence against women in the studied population.
Conclusion:
This study concludes that the prevalence of sexual violence is still high in our tertiary institutions and rape happens to be the most predominant form of sexual violence recorded. Attending social gathering, alcohol consumption and drug consumption are independent predictors of sexual violence amongst women studied. The incidence is not reported to the relevant authorities majorly due to fear of stigmatisation or threat by the perpetrators.
EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY CLINICAL EXPOSURE AS A LEARNING TOOL AMONG 1ST AND 2ND YEAR MBBS – STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kori Soumya , C Nandini
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Early clinical exposure (ECE) is a teaching learning methodology which fosters the exposure of medical students to the patients as early as the first year of medical college. ECE is a form of vertical integration pattern between preclinical subjects and clinical subjects.1 It is basically “A teaching and learning methodology which fosters exposure of medical students to patients (actual human contact) as early as the first year of medical college, in a social or clinical context that enhances learning of health, illness or disease, and the role of the health professional.1 With this background in present study we tried to explore the opinion of 1st year students and 2nd year students on early clinical exposure.
METHODS: The study was carried out on a total of 200 students including both 1st and 2nd year MBBS students. They were subjected to a set of internally validated questionnaires which are based on students’ perspective on teaching learning experience, content and assessment on ECE. Responses are collected in Likert scale format and tabulated unpaired t test was applied to compare the perspectives of 1st and 2nd year students.
RESULTS: The unpaired t test done on 5point Likert scale scores for 1st and 2nd year students showed a statistical value of 0.736 with p value of 0.463 which is statistically not significant.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight the significant role of Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) in shaping the learning experience of first and second-year MBBS students. The data collected from the validated questionnaires reveal that students generally perceive ECE as a valuable component of their medical education that enhances their understanding of health and illness, as well as the role of healthcare professionals.

Key words: ECE, learning tool, MBBS students
THE EFFECT OF HANDRAIL SUPPORT ON TREADMILL TIME AND PREDICTION OF
VO2MAX - A comparison study
Authors: Kori Soumya , Kutty Karthiyanee
Published: January 2025

Background: Young Indians face a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to
Caucasians of the same age, with sedentary lifestyle being a key risk factor. Regular physical
activity can modify this risk, improving aerobic capacity and cardio-respiratory fitness. Oxygen
uptake (VO2) estimates from treadmill tests, used for exercise prescriptions, assume no
handrail support, yet patients often use them, affecting energy expenditure and estimate
accuracy. This study investigates the impact of handrail support on treadmill time and VO2
estimates in our population.
Methods: The study involved 100 healthy male subjects aged 18-40 years who were selected bases on inclusion and exclusion criteria. inclusion criteria being healthy male volunteers who are sedentary with normal BMI. subjects with history of smoking,diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, with abnormal ECG and people who are physically active like athletes were excluded from the study. Basal heart rate and blood pressure were recorded, and ECG chest
electrodes were connected. Each subject performed two submaximal treadmill tests using the
Bruce protocol, one with handrail support and one without, two weeks apart. Blood pressure
was recorded at each stage and during recovery. Treadmill time, maximum heart rate, and VO2
max were calculated using the Bruce formula. All pertinent data was meticulously recorded in
a Microsoft Excel Sheet and subsequently subjected to analysis through the utilization of SPSS
Software.
Results: A significant difference was observed between the two conditions (with and without
handrail support) for treadmill time (TT) and VO2max, with a p-value of less than 0.001. Both
TT and VO2max exhibited a strong positive correlation, with r values of 0.843 and 0.821,
respectively, and a highly significant p-value of less than 0.001. TT predicted VO2max at
71.1% in the handrail support condition and 67.3% in the no handrail support condition,
indicating an additional 4% effect on VO2max due to handrail support.
Conclusion: Introducing handrail support significantly increases treadmill time (TT) and VO2
max. VO2 max without handrail support can be accurately predicted independently of the
protocol using a regression formula.
Navigating monkeypox: Identifying risks and implementing solutions
Authors: Aryaloka Suhita , Khairullah Aswin , Kusala Muhammad , Fauziah Ima , Hidayatik Nanik , Agil Muhammad , Yuliani M , Novianti Arindita , Moses Ikechukwu , Purnama Muhammad , Wibowo Syahputra , Fauzia Kartika , Raissa Ricadonna , Furqoni Abdul , Awwanah Mo , Riwu Katty
Published: January 2025

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the orthopox virus, a double-stranded DNA virus which belongs the Poxviridae virus family. It is known to infect both animals (especially monkeys and rodents) and humans and causes a rash similar to smallpox. Humans can become infected with monkeypox virus (MPXV) when they get in close contact with infected animals (zoonotic transmission) or other infected people (human-human transmission) through their body fluids such as mucus, saliva, or even skin sores. Frequently observed symptoms of this disease include fever, headaches, muscle aches, and a rash that initially looks like a tiny bump before becoming a lump that is filled with fluid. Monkeypox symptoms also include an incubation period of 5-21 days, divided into prodromal and eruption phases. Several contributing factors, such as smallpox vaccine discontinuation, widespread intake of infected animal products as a source of protein, high population density, amongst others, have been linked to an increase in the frequency of monkeypox outbreaks. The best course of action for diagnosing individuals who may be suffering with active monkeypox is to collect a sample of skin from the lesion and perform PCR molecular testing. Monkeypox does not presently have a specific therapy; however, supportive care can assist in managing symptoms, such as medication to lower body temperature and pain. Three major orthopoxvirus vaccines have been approved to serve as a preventive measure against monkeypox: LC16, JYNNEOS, and ACAM2000. The discovery that the monkeypox outbreak is communicable both among humans and within a population has sparked new public health worries on the possibility of the outbreak of another viral pandemic. Research and studies are still being conducted in order to gain a deeper understanding of this zoonotic viral disease. This review is therefore focused on deciphering monkeypox, its etiology, pathogenesis, transmission, risk factors, and control.
Body weight and measurement traits of Brahman cattle affected by pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) variations
Authors: Trilaksono Baharudin , Rodhiyah Amira , Yanti Yuli , Riyanto Joko , Kurniawan Hendra , Imron Muhammad , Nista Delly , Ginto Yumoko , Sudrajad Pita , Cahyadi Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Background:
Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is a zinc finger transcription factor and widely known to play an important role in regulating growth traits in bovine.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the association of PLAG1 polymorphisms with body weight and measurement traits of Brahman cattle.

Methods:
A total of 57 blood samples of Brahman cattle and their body weight and measurement traits have been collected. Moreover, the PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the genotypes of the three polymorphisms in PLAG1, namely g.48308C>T, g.32212 (19 bp indel), and g.45233 T>C. A mix model effect was performed to evaluate the association of PLAG1 with body weight and measurement traits, while Tukey HSD test was used to compare the means among genotypes.

Results:
Genotype variations were observed for the g.48308C>T SNP and 19 bp indel. In details, the CC and CT genotypes of g.48308C>T SNP were identified and all possible genotypes of 19 bp indel were also identified. On the other hand, g.45233T>C SNP showed no variation. The statistical analysis revealed that SNP g.48308C>T and 19 bp indel had a significant effect on body weight and chest girth (P<0.05). Both CC genotype of g.48308C>T SNP and DD genotype of 19 bp indel of the PLAG1 were favorable for those two traits.

Conclusion:
Based on these results, the SNP g.48308C>T and 19 bp indel in the PLAG1 could be as candidate marker for body weight and chest girth in Brahman cattle population at the Center for Superior Animal Breeding and Forage (BPTU-HPT) Sembawa.
Cytoprotective potential of Opuntia ficus indica cladode extract against cadmium toxicity in HepG2 and HEK293 cell lines using surface methodology as an optimizing tool
Authors: Taleb Jihen , Ncibi Saida , Dhibi Sabah , Athmouni Khaled , Ghouaidia Najet , Dhibi Aida , Zaet Abdurraouf , Zourgui Lazhar
Published: January 2025

Background:
Several studies reported the health benefits of Opuntia ficus indica extracts.

Aim:
This study aimed to (1) optimizes extraction conditions. (2) Point out its antioxidant and cytoprotective potential against cadmium toxicity in rat liver homogenate cells and HepG2.

Methods:
This experiment used the response surface methodology. It helped to determine the optimum conditions necessary to get the highest phenolic compound yield from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes aqueous extract. Then, a chromatography analysis was conducted to determine the phenolic compounds present in this extract. To explore the antioxidant abilities of this extract, this study used superoxide radical and hydroxyl radicals scavenging assays. Finally, to explore its biological benefits and its protective effect against cadmium toxicity, these research investigators carried out (1) an in vitro protein glycation test (2) MTT and inverted microscope imaging in HepG2 and HEK293 cell line (3) a lipid peroxidation test using rat erythrocytes.

Results:
The best extraction conditions were 10 minutes for the extraction time, 80°C for the temperature, and 30 ml/g for the liquid-solid ratio. The in vitro tests showed that Opuntia ficus indica aqueous extract has a high capacity to disable the free radical effect and prevent HepG2 and erythrocytes. Besides, the HPLC method identified 5 phenolic compounds within this extract.

Conclusion:
This study confirmed the health benefits of Opuntia ficus indica. Thus, more attention should be given to investigating this plant's capacities and isolating and identifying its bioactive molecules.
The potential of fruit ethanolic extract Etlingera hemisphaerica as a solution for hyperglycemia, uremia, and hypercreatininemia in mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Ruyani Aceng , Suswati Emi , Pratiwi Dhea , Elvia Rina , Oktoviani Oktoviani , Parlindungan Deni
Published: January 2025

Background:
Leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemisphaerica (LE3H) has the potential to restore glucose, triglyceride, uric acid disorders, and reduce mercury toxicity. High levels of glucose (hyperglycemia), urine (uremia), and creatinine (hypercreatininemia) in the blood cause real health problems. Meanwhile, the phytochemical content in fruit ethanolic extract of E. hemisphaerica (FE3H) is higher than LE3H.

Aim:
This study evaluated the potential of FE3H as a solution for hyperglycemia, uremia, and hypercreatininemia in mice.

Methods:
Quercetin levels in FE3H were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). First(A) stage used 25 male mice divided into five groups. On day(d)1, the body weight (BW) of the mice was weighed. On d2-11, 5 mg/gBW sucrose was given by gavage, then on d12 BW and blood glucose level of mice were determined. On d13, 0.52 mg/gBW glibenclamide was given in A2, 0.39 mg/gBW FE3H in A3, and 0.52 mg/g BW FE3H in A4 by gavage. Controls, A0, only given double-distilled water (DDW). On d14, BW and blood glucose levels of the mice were determined. Second(B) stage used 24 male mice divided into six groups. On d1, B1-B5 were injected intraperitoneally (IP) 5 mg/kg BW HgCl2, then on d3-5 were given by gavage 0.2 mg/g BW Immunos® in B2; 0.39 mg/gBW FE3H in B3, 0.52 mg/gBW FE3H in B4, 0.65 mg/gBW FE3H in B5; Control, B0, and B1 were only given DDW. On d6, the mice were killed by CD. The weight of the kidney was determined, then the urea and creatinine levels were measured in blood samples from the heart.

Results:
FE3H contains 98.92±12.88 µg/g quercetin. Sucrose tends to increase BW, then 0.39 mg/g BW FE3H treatment tends to restore BW close to control. Sucrose significantly increased blood glucose, then 0.39 and 0.52 mg/gBW FE3H treatment restored significantly blood glucose similar to control. HgCl2 increases kidney weight, then 0.65 mg/gBW FE3H treatment tends to restore kidney weight close to control. HgCl2 significantly increased urea and creatinine, then 0.52 and 0.65 mg/gBW FE3H treatment significantly restored urea and creatinine similar to the control.

Conclusion:
FE3H was high in flavonoid quercetin has potential to restore hyperglycemia 47.38-48.18%, uremia 29.04-33.06%, and hypercreatininemia 49.52-54.28% in mice.
Effect of curcumin nanoparticles on the number of preantral and antral follicles of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to carbon black
Authors: Caesar Jemy , Widjiati Widjiati , Herupradoto Eduardus , Sukmanadi Moh , Madyawati Sri , Plumeriastuti Hani , Luqman Epy
Published: January 2025

Background:
Continuous exposure to carbon black could affect the reproductive health of female animals, especially in the process of folliculogenesis. Curcumin nanoparticles are expected to maintain reproductive organ fertility through exposure to pollution containing carbon.

Aim:
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of curcumin nanoparticles on the number of preantral and antral ovarian follicles in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to carbon black.

Methods:
This study used 30 female rats divided into five groups. The negative (K-) and positive (K+) control groups were given aquades + Na-CMC 0.5% orally, while the treatment group received different doses of curcumin nanoparticles, namely in the P1 (50 mg/kgBB), P2 (100 mg/kgBB), and P3 (150 mg/kgBB) groups, respectively, via oral administration. After that, K+, P1, P2, and P3 were exposed to carbon black with a concentration of 1064 mg/m3 for 6 hours a day for 30 days. The ovarian organ would then be made histopathological preparations to examine the number of preantral and antral follicles with HE staining.

Results:
The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05). The average number of preantral follicles in the K- group (27.17 ± 6.37), K+ (10.33 ± 6.22), P1 (26.17 ± 5.98), P2 (19.17 ± 3.71), and P3 (23.50 ± 10.36) (p < 0.05) along with the average number of antral follicles in the K- group (18.50 ± 8.89), K+ (9.17 ± 2.14), P1 (17.67 ± 7.45), P2 (16.00 ± 5.30), and P3 (9.50 ± 5.09).

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this study shows that curcumin nanoparticles with different doses could affect and maintain preantral and antral ovarian follicles in white rats exposed to carbon black. It was also found that the dose of the P1 group (50 mg/kgBB) had the highest effectiveness in maintaining the number of ovarian follicles. The results of this study demonstrate therapeutic potential of curcumin nanoparticles as an affordable drug.
Prevalence and molecular detection of mecA and lukD genes from livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in raw chicken meats sold in Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: Ugbo Emmanuel , Ugbo Agatha , Effendi Mustofa , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Agumah Bernard , Nwachi Anthonia , Khairullah Aswin , Moses Ikechukwu , Raissa Ricadonna , Yanestria Sheila
Published: January 2025

Background:
Due to its deadly toxins and ability to produce enzymes, the commensal bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is found in animals, birds, and people. It may also be linked to certain medical disorders.

Aim:
This study was aimed at the prevalence and molecular detection of mecA and lukD genes from livestock-associated methicilin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA) in raw chicken meats sold in Abakaliki.

Methods:
The butchers in the slaughterhouses provided 150 fresh raw chicken meat samples, which were then cultured and purified using Mannitol Salt Agar. The LA-MRSA was determined using oxacillin and cefoxitin by disk diffusion method. A polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the presence of mecA and lukD genes in the isolates that were resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin.

Results:
Exactly, 61 (40.7%) out of the 150 samples analyzed were positive for S. aureus, 39 (52.0%) and 22 (29.3%) were isolated from broiler and layer chicken meats respectively. Out of the 61 (40.7%) samples colonized by S. aureus, 7 (11.5%) were identified to be LA-MRSA positive using the phenotypic method. Thus, 5 (12.8%) and 2 (9.1%) were recovered as LA-MRSA positive from broiler and layer chicken meats respectively. All the LA-MRSA was reported to present three major multidrug resistance index (MDR) patterns. The overall prevalence of mecA and lukD genes were reported as 2 (28.6%) and 3 (42.9%) respectively.

Conclusion:
This study confirmed the presence of mecA and lukD in LA-MRSA isolated from chicken in Abakaliki, Nigeria and is a serious public health threat.
Critical risk factors influencing reproductive disorders in Bali cows: A comprehensive study on age, parity, and body condition score in smallholder farms of South Sulawesi
Authors: Mansur Musdalifa , Toleng Abd , Yusuf Muhammad , Syamsu Jasmal , Hasrin Hasrin
Published: January 2025

Background:
Reproductive efficiency is a critical factor in the productivity and profitability of cattle farming, especially within smallholder systems prevalent in regions like South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) are a local beef cattle breed originating from Indonesia, specifically from the island of Bali Indonesia. These cattle are known for their high adaptability to tropical environmental conditions and minimal feed requirements, making them ideal for small-scale farming systems. In terms of usage, Bali cattle are primarily utilized to produce high-quality beef. Reproductive disorders can lead to substantial economic losses due to reduced fertility, increased calving intervals, and higher veterinary costs. Identifying the prevalence and causes of these disorders is crucial for developing effective management strategies.

Aim:
The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the incidence of reproductive disorders in Bali cows kept under smallholder farms in South Sulawesi.

Methods:
The study was conducted on Bali cows aged over 2 years that raised traditionally on smallholder farms in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 283 Bali cows was selected as sampling randomly. The location selection was carried out purposively with the consideration that there were Bali cows at that location.

Results:
The results of this study showed that 70.3% of Bali cows had normal reproductive status and the remaining 29.7% of cows suffered from reproduction disorders. A trend is observed in the proportion of Bali cows experiencing reproductive disorders compared to normal Bali cows in relation to age, parity, and BCS. For age and parity, there is a tendency for similar proportions between reproductive disorders and normal Bali cows. Thus, there is no significant relationship between these two factors and the occurrence of reproductive disorders. On the other hand, for BCS, a different trend is observed between Bali cows experiencing reproductive disorders and normal Bali cows. Therefore, BCS influences the occurrence of reproductive disorders in these Bali cows.

Conclusion:
This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of reproductive disorders within a sample population. The results underscore the importance of continued study in this area to enhance our understanding of reproductive health issues.
A narrative review of diffusion kurtosis MRI parameters in diagnosing degenerative spine diseases in animal models
Authors: Barnes Neil , Dkhar Winniecia , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Sukumar Suresh , K Vaishali , Pradhan Abhimanyu
Published: January 2025

Degenerative spine disease is a significant health concern in animals due to its impact on daily activities such as movement, balance, and thermoregulation. Early diagnosis is essential for effective management and treatment, with MRI playing a crucial role in identifying degenerative changes. Advanced MRI sequences, particularly Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), have determined an important tool for detecting early microstructural changes. This review evaluates the efficacy of DKI parameters for the early diagnosis of degenerative spine disease in animal models. Following the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines, a systematic literature review was conducted to assess the association between specific DKI metrics and early-stage spinal degeneration. Two relevant studies were identified that compared DKI parameters with conventional T2-weighted fast spin echo sequences for disc grading, analyzed gender differences, and performed ROC analysis. The relationship between DKI parameters and post-puncture procedures was also explored. The findings suggest that DKI is more sensitive than conventional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in detecting subtle microstructural changes in the intervertebral disc space and spinal cord. This highlights DKI’s potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and inform targeted treatments, reducing mortality and life expectancy in affected animals. Further research is warranted to explore the broader applications of DKI in diagnosing degenerative spine conditions.
Anti-MRSA effects of synergism of recombinant lysostaphin with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Saleh Zeena , Mizher Balsam
Published: January 2025

Background:
Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains become a major challenge to the public health and health provider due to their wide spread and resistance to wide spectrum of antibacterial agents.

Aim:
This study aimed to characterize recombinant lysostaphin produced by Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and to investigate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) by Candida albicans (C. albicans) against MRSA.

Methods:
Samples were collected from vaginal samples. The methods included efficient cloning, expression, and purification of recombinant lysostaphin, a potent antibacterial enzyme targeting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and achieved with advanced molecular techniques in E. coli BL21(DE3). The SNPs were synthesized using a biogenic approach with C. albicans, demonstrating stable and efficient silver ion reduction, as confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses.

Results:
The antibacterial assays against MRSA strains of S. aureus showed significant inhibition by both lysostaphin and SNPs. The combination of biosynthesized SNPs/PEG with lysostaphin exerted significant activity against tested bacteria, resulted in zone of growth inhibition 20.33 ± 0.88 mm.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest a promising synergistic antibacterial strategy, offering hope in the fight against MRSA. The study findings reveal that the lysostaphin and SNPs could be effective in the treatment of MRSA-related infections, especially when used in a combination.
Immunogenicity of culture filtrated proteins and whole-cell killed-formalin of Listeria monocytogenes to induced cellular immune response in vivo
Authors: Bayati Hassan , Abdullah Sultan , Shihab Thamer , Sultan Muthanna , Jumaa Qusai
Published: January 2025

Background:
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a life-threatening bacterium affecting many individuals worldwide, including elderly people, pregnant women, and immune-deficient patients.

Aim:
Whole-Cell Killed-Formalin of Listeria monocytogenes Antigens (WKLMAgs) and Listeria Culture Filtrated Proteins (LCFPs) against challenge-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes after two booster doses (0, and 14 days) of immunization act as an antigen activating a high level of IgG3, IgM, CXCL2, and IL-1 beta.

Methods:
Forty male rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group served as a control negative, while the second positive (+) control was inoculation orally 1 ml with virulent (1×107 colony forming unit CFU/ml) of Listeria monocytogenes on day 28. Whereas, the other two groups were injected with 1 ml Whole Killed Listeria Monocytogenes Antigen (WKLMAgs) and 1 ml Listeria culture filtrate proteins (LCFPs) in two subcutaneously (S/C) doses with day 14 intervals, with at day 28 a challenged effective dose (1×107 CFU/ml) of virulent Listeria monocytogenes. Serum blood parameters. During the 35 days, the euthanized animal histopathology studies were performed on the (spleen, liver, small intestine, and brain).

Results:
The current study indicated a significant difference between WKLMAgs and LCFPs for serological tests Immunoglobulin M, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, Immunoglobulin G3 and Interleukin 1beta compared to both negative and positive control at P <0.001. Additionally, the WKLMAgs and LCFPs led to a decrease in the histopathological changes of organs such as (brain, spleen, liver, and intestine) compared to the positive control, which affected the organs with microgranuloma, with a pathological difference between the WKLMAgs and LCFPs compared to the negative control group.

Conclusion:
Both WKLMAgs and LCFPs are capable to be as a vaccine candidate antigen for the induction of protective immunity against Listeria monocytogenes.
Antimicrobial prescribing during telemedicine appointments
Authors: Haverkate Michael , Evans Madison , Walter Elaine
Published: January 2025

Background:
While veterinarians have practiced telemedicine in various forms for years, the arrival of reliable, synchronous videoconferencing has increased the use of telemedicine for care delivery, a trend accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data are sparse on antimicrobial drug (AMD) prescription practices in this setting.

Aim:
This assessment looked at AMD prescription practices among veterinarians using a telemedicine platform for care delivery in the United States.

Methods:
We surveyed U.S. veterinarians online about their most recent telemedicine appointment using association and veterinary college mailing lists and social media veterinary group. Demographic information was collected along with information on the species of the animal, the chief complaint, treatment recommendations, and the type of telemedicine platform used, and if the pet owner discussed AMDs during the appointment prior to a recommendation being made.

Results:
A total of 88 veterinarians from 25 U.S. states responded to the survey. Of the 88 telemedicine appointments, 15% (13) resulted in a prescription for an oral antibiotic. AMDs were prescribed for 5% (2/37) of canines and 25% (5/20) of felines; and for a variety of complaints including ear/nose/throat, dermatologic, ophthalmic, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal complaints. Veterinarians with <15 years in practice prescribed AMDs more frequently than those practicing for ≥15 years (23%; 10/44 versus 8%; 2/25). No veterinarian prescribed oral AMDs during email or text only or telephone only appointments. Most (54%; 46/85) veterinarians reported the pet owner requesting or raising antibiotic therapy prior to any recommendation by the veterinarian. Of these, 22% (10/46) were prescribed an oral AMD compared to 8% (3/39) of those who did not (p=0.07).

Conclusion:
AMD prescribing rates in this assessment of telemedicine appointments were comparable to that reported for in-person visits in the United States. Veterinarians with fewer years of experience were more likely to prescribe AMDs during a telemedicine visit, suggesting a higher level of comfort with prescribing among younger veterinarians and highlighting the need for continued education around telemedicine and antimicrobial stewardship.
Retrospective analysis of animal poisoning in the province of Viterbo, Italy
Authors: Santori Davide , Dottarelli Samuele , Cucci Sofia , Tonon Sara , Barone Antonino , Gobbi Deborah , Napoli Francesco , Sezzi Erminia , Gelli Alessio , Pifferi Anna , Proietti Giuseppe , Abbruzzese Silvia , Silveri Luca , Donato Francesca , Fanelli Rita , Brozzi Alberto
Published: January 2025

Background:
Intentional poisoning represents a serious health risk for domestic and wild animals, this phenomenon has been widespread in Italy for several years.

Aim:
Our study aims to examine data on animal poisonings that occurred in the province of Viterbo, Lazio region located in central Italy, from 2003 to 2017. The aim of this study is to provide data on the poisoning of animals in the province of Viterbo.

Methods:
A total of 1078 cases of suspected poisoning were analysed during the period under review. Of these, 761 (70.6%) were carcasses, 189 (17.6%) were baits, 107 (9.9%) were gastric contents, and 21 (1.9%) were samples of various origins.

Results:
A total of 631 cases (58.5%) were confirmed as involving toxic substances. Zinc phosphide (34.7%) was the most prevalent cause of poisoning, followed by metaldehyde (18.7%), a coumarin rodenticide (12.7%), other molecules were also identified with lower percentages. The animal species most frequently involved in poisoning are dogs (66.2%), followed by cats (25.5%), birds (4.9%), while wild animals, ruminants and fish represent a small percentage of animals involved.

Conclusion:
This phenomenon represents a significant threat to animals, humans and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to implement effective measures to combat this issue.
Studi Panjang Antrian Lalu Lintas Simpang Bersinyal Berdasarkan Metode PKJI 2023 Dan HCM 2010
Authors: Budiati Anik , Rizki Amalia Fitri Anisa , Pacama Fajrinia Citto
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Traffic congestion is a problem that greatly affects the performance of road services, resulting in obstruction of road user activities. Congestion often occurs in intersection areas, especially in commercial type intersection areas. Unbalanced road capacity will cause long queues and large delays. The aim of this research is to solve problems that are appropriate to these problems.In this research, samples taken in the field include road geometry, traffic volume, red time and queue length. The location chosen was a signalized intersection with different geometric conditions in the city of Surabaya with a direct left turn treatment. The method used in calculating this research is PKJI 2023 and HCM 2010. Based on the research results, the correlation value for PKJI 2023 queue length with the regression equation Y = 37,780 – 1,476 X1 – 0.172 X2 + 2,054 29,937 + 13,090 X1 + 1,123 X2 + 0.002 X3. Based on the results obtained, Queue Length is influenced by Road Width and Red Time. With the difference in the 2010 HCM Queue Length value being 80% greater than PKJI 2023.
Keywords: HCM 2010, Queue Length, PKJI 2023, Signalized Intersection, Correlation
ABSTRAK
Kemacetan lalu lintas menjadi suatu permasalahan yang sangat mempengaruhi kinerja pelayanan suatu jalan yang mengakibatkan terhambatnya aktivitas pengguna jalan. Kemacetan sering terjadi dikawasan Persimpangan terutama didaerah Simpang dengan Tipe Komersial. Tidak seimbangnya kapasitas jalan akan menyebabkan antrian yang panjang dan waktu tundaan yang besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memecahkan masalah yang sesuai dengan permasalahan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel yang diambil di lapangan meliputi geometri jalan, volume lalu lintas, waktu merah, dan panjang antrian. Lokasi yang dipilih yaitu simpang bersinyal dengan kondisi geometri yang berbeda di Kota Surabaya dengan perlakuan belok kiri langsung. Metode yang digunakan dalam perhitungan penelitian ini yaitu PKJI 2023 dan HCM 2010. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan nilai korelasi panjang antrian PKJI 2023 dengan persamaan regresi Y = 37.780 – 1.476 X1 – 0.172 X2 + 2.054 X3 sedangkan nilai korelasi untuk HCM 2010 yaitu Y= -29.937 + 13.090 X1 + 1.123 X2 + 0.002 X3. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah diperoleh Panjang Antrian dipengaruhi oleh Lebar Jalan dan Waktu Merah.Dengan selisih nilai Panjang Antrian HCM 2010 lebih besar 80% dibanding PKJI 2023. 
Kata Kunci : HCM 2010, Panjang Antrian, PKJI 2023, Simpang Bersinyal, Korelasi
Production of Semi-Synthetic Antibiotics in Galena Opava
Authors: Cvak Ladislav
Published: January 2025

In Czechoslovakia, penicillins G and V were produced in the Biotika company in Slovakia. In 1965, this factory also implemented the hydrolysis of penicillin G to 6-aminopenicilanic acid, the basic component for manufacture of semisynthetic penicillins (oxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin), the production of which was put into practice during the subsequent years in Galena Opava. In eighties, also the manufacture of cefalexin, the first cefalosporane antibiotic produced in Czechoslovakia, was started in Opava. In 1990, when the manufacture of antibiotics in Opava culminated, Czechoslovakia became independent of the import of these key drugs. However, after the Velvet revolution, the production of semisynthetic antibiotics in Galena was terminated, because it was not competitive in Europe anymore.
Empirical Research Trends in the Use of AI Chatbots in EFL Teaching and Learning in Vietnam: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dang Thi Phuong
Published: January 2025

Since the creation of ELIZA in 1966 and the groundbreaking launch of ChatGPT in 2022, AI chatbots have advanced and found applications across various fields, including English language education, prompting numerous studies. This paper presents the first systematic review of empirical studies concerning AI chatbots in EFL teaching and learning within Vietnam, adopting the PRISMA flowchart model (Moher et al., 2009) for article selection, and thematic analysis for data analysis. Findings reveal that, although limited, the number of empirical studies on AI chatbots in English education in Vietnam has been growing, with around a quarter published in Scopus-indexed journals or book series. Research settings varied, with Ho Chi Minh City being the most common location. ChatGPT was the dominant AI chatbot, and AI chatbots’ influence on students’ English learning was the most explored topic. Undergraduates and university lecturers were the primary participants, and the mixed-method approach, particularly using questionnaires with or without interviews, was the most commonly employed methodology.