bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greater residential greenness is associated with reduced epigenetic aging in adults
Authors: Egorov Andrey I. , Griffin Shannon M. , Klein Jo , Guo Wei , Styles Jennifer N. , Kobylanski Jason , Murphy Mark S. , Sams Elizabeth , Hudgens Edward E. , Wade Timothy J.
Published: January 2025

Potential pathways linking urban green spaces to improved health include relaxation, stress alleviation, and improved immune system functioning. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) is a composite biomarker of biological aging based on DNA methylation measurements; it is predictive of morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional study of 116 adult residents of a metropolitan area in central North Carolina investigated associations between exposure to residential green spaces and EAA using four previously developed epigenetic age formulas. DNA methylation tests of white blood cells were conducted using Illumina MethylationEPIC v1.0 assays. EAA values were calculated as residuals from the linear regression model of epigenetic age on chronological age. Residential greenness was characterized using tree cover, total vegetated land cover, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in distance-to-residence weighted average greenness within 500 m of residence was consistently associated with a reduced EAA adjusted for sociodemographic covariates, smoking status, white blood cell fractions, and the two-dimensional spline function of geographic coordinates. The reduction in the EAA estimates for the four EAA measures ranged from − 1.0 to − 1.6 years for tree cover, from − 1.2 to − 1.5 years for vegetated land cover, and from − 0.9 to − 1.3 years for the NDVI; 11 of the 12 associations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This study produced new evidence linking reduced epigenetic aging to greater greenness near residences.
Hypertensive load predicts recovery of renal function for patients undergoing revascularisation for renal artery stenosis
Authors: Edgar Ben , Pearson Rob , Jackson Andrew , Stove Callum , Kasthuri Ram , Hussey Keith , Delles Christian , Geddes Colin , Mark Patrick , Roditi Giles , McCallum Linsay , Kingsmore David B.
Published: January 2025

Renal ischaemia due to renal artery stenosis produces two differing responses - a juxtaglomerular hypertensive response and cortical renal dysfunction. The reversibility of renal impairment is not predictable, and thus renal revascularisation is controversial. This study aims to test the hypothesis that the hypertensive response to renal ischaemia reflects viable renal parenchyma, and thus could be used to predict the recovery in renal function. A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients who had renal revascularisation for renal impairment in a defined geographical area (West of Scotland, population 2.4 million) between 2008 and 2024. Clinical records were used to determine the pre-intervention blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication load and renal function, and post-intervention outcomes. The Hypertensive Index (HTi), a combined measure of systolic blood pressure and antihypertensive drug load, was used as a measure of pre-intervention hypertensive response. 75 patients had intervention for renal impairment over 15 years (68 endovascular, 7 open). Mean pre-intervention serum creatinine of 323 µmol/L was reduced to 191 umol/L at discharge and 182 µmol/L at 6-month follow-up. Refractory hypertension (HTi > 120) was associated with a significant benefit from revascularisation with improved renal function (p = 0.003) and reduced risk of future dialysis (p = 0.001). Renal impairment with no hypertensive response was highly predictive of the need for future dialysis. The hypertensive index is a good predictor of the impact of renal revascularisation on improving renal function with good outcomes in selected patients, and the absence of this is an indicator of chronic non-reversible renal dysfunction.
Beta oscillations predict the envelope sharpness in a rhythmic beat sequence
Authors: Leske Sabine , Endestad Tor , Volehaugen Vegard , Foldal Maja D. , Blenkmann Alejandro O. , Solbakk Anne-Kristin , Danielsen Anne
Published: January 2025

Periodic sensory inputs entrain oscillatory brain activity, reflecting a neural mechanism that might be fundamental to temporal prediction and perception. Most environmental rhythms and patterns in human behavior, such as walking, dancing, and speech do not, however, display strict isochrony but are instead quasi-periodic. Research has shown that neural tracking of speech is driven by modulations of the amplitude envelope, especially via sharp acoustic edges, which serve as prominent temporal landmarks. In the same vein, research on rhythm processing in music supports the notion that perceptual timing precision varies systematically with the sharpness of acoustic onset edges, conceptualized in the beat bin hypothesis. Increased envelope sharpness induces increased precision in localizing a sound in time. Despite this tight relationship between envelope shape and temporal processing, it is currently unknown how the brain uses predictive information about envelope features to optimize temporal perception. With the current EEG study, we show that the predicted sharpness of the amplitude envelope is encoded by pre-target neural activity in the beta band (15–25 Hz), and has an impact on the temporal perception of target sounds. We used probabilistic sound cues in a timing judgment task to inform participants about the sharpness of the amplitude envelope of an upcoming target sound embedded in a beat sequence. The predictive information about the envelope shape modulated task performance and pre-target beta power. Interestingly, these conditional beta-power modulations correlated positively with behavioral performance in the timing judgment task and with perceptual temporal precision in a click-alignment task. This study provides new insight into the neural processes underlying prediction of the sharpness of the amplitude envelope during beat perception, which modulate the temporal perception of sounds. This finding could reflect a process that is involved in temporal prediction, exerting top-down control on neural entrainment via the prediction of acoustic edges in the auditory stream.
A pediatric emergency prediction model using natural language process in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Choi Arum , Kim Chohee , Ryoo Jisu , Jeon Jangyeong , Cho Sangyeon , Lee Dongjoon , Kim Junyeong , Lee Changhee , Bae Woori
Published: January 2025

This study developed a predictive model using deep learning (DL) and natural language processing (NLP) to identify emergency cases in pediatric emergency departments. It analyzed 87,759 pediatric cases from a South Korean tertiary hospital (2012–2021) using electronic medical records. Various NLP models, including four machine learning (ML) models with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and two DL models based on the KM-BERT framework, were trained to differentiate emergency cases using clinician transcripts. Gradient Boosting, among the ML models, performed best with an AUROC of 0.715, AUPRC of 0.778, and F1-score of 0.677. DL models, especially the fine-tuned KM-BERT model, showed superior performance, achieving an AUROC of 0.839, AUPRC of 0.879, and F1-score of 0.773. Shapley-based explanations provided insights into model predictions, underlining the potential of these technologies in medical decision-making. This study demonstrates the potential of advanced DL techniques for NLP in emergency medical settings, offering a more precise and efficient approach to managing healthcare resources and improving patient outcomes.
The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs
Authors: Tomonaga Taisuke , Izumi Hiroto , Nishida Chinatsu , Sato Kazuma , Nakamura Yuiko , Morimoto Toshiki , Higashi Yasuyuki , Wang Ke-Yong , Higashi Hidenori , Kojima Takuma , Sakurai Kazuo , Takeshita Jun-ichi , Moriyama Akihiro , Yamasaki Kei , Yatera Kazuhiro , Morimoto Yasuo
Published: January 2025

Polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different concentrations of cross-linker was instilled into the trachea of rats to examine the effect of PAA crosslink density on lung disorders. Methods: F344 rats were intratracheally exposed to low and high doses of PAA with cross-linker concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0% (CL0.1%, CL1.0%, and CL5.0%, respectively). Rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after exposure. PAA with different cross-linker concentrations caused an increase in neutrophil influx, cytokine-induced neutrophils, and chemotactic factor (CINC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 days to 1 week after instillation. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in BALF and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) release in lung tissue were higher in the CL0.1% exposure group during the acute phase. Lung histopathological findings also showed that severe fibrotic changes induced by CL0.1% were greater than those observed in CL1.0% and CL5.0% exposure during the observation period. CL0.1% was associated with more severe lung fibrosis, and a decrease in lung fibrosis was observed with increasing cross-linker concentrations, suggesting that the cross-link density of PAA is a physicochemical feature that affects lung disorders.
Extracellular vesicles in seminal plasma of Sahiwal cattle bulls carry a differential abundance of sperm fertility-associated proteins for augmenting the functional quality of low-fertile bull spermatozoa
Authors: Pal Ankit , Karanwal Seema , Habib Mir Ahmad , Josan Fanny , Gaur Vikrant , Patel Aditya , Garg Muskaan , Bhakat Mukesh , Datta Tirtha K. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2025

Poor male fertility significantly affects dairy production, primarily due to low conception rates (CR) in bulls, even when cows are inseminated with morphologically normal sperm. Seminal plasma is a key factor in evaluating the fertilizing ability of bull semen. The extracellular vesicles (EVs) in seminal plasma contain fertility-associated proteins like SPAM1, ADAM7, and SP10, which influence sperm function and fertilizing potential. This study aimed to assess EV-associated fertility proteins in bulls with varying fertility levels and to investigate the effects of seminal plasma EVs (SPEVs) from high-fertility (HF) bulls on the spermatozoa of low-fertility (LF) Sahiwal bulls. Seminal plasma was isolated from the fresh semen of Sahiwal bulls, with four bulls classified as high fertility and three as low fertility. Fertility-associated proteins such as SP10, ADAM7, and SPAM 1 were highly expressed in SPEVs of high-fertility (HF) bulls. PKH26 dye-labeled SPEVs demonstrated significant uptake by spermatozoa at pH 6.8 with ≥ 4 h of co-incubation. Exposure of HF SPEVs to low-fertility (LF) spermatozoa reduced acrosome response, capacitation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Our findings suggest that protein repertoires in SPEVs influence sperm activities such as motility, acrosome response, and ROS production. Supplementing LF spermatozoa with HF SPEVs could enhance their functional characteristics, highlighting these proteins as potential resources to modulate cattle bull sperm fertilizing ability.
Cognitive reserve is associated with education, social determinants, and cognitive outcomes among older American Indians in the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Suchy-Dicey Astrid M. , Longstreth W. T. , Buchwald Dedra S. , Rhoads Kristoffer , Grabowski Thomas J.
Published: January 2025

Cognitive reserve, a component of resilience, may be conceptualized as the ability to overcome accumulating neuropathology and maintain healthy aging and function. However, research measuring and evaluating it in American Indians is needed. We recruited American Indians from 3 regional centers for longitudinal examinations (2010-13, n = 818; 2017-19, n = 403) including MRI, cognitive, clinical, and questionnaire data. We defined cognitive reserve by measuring the residual from individual regressions of cognitive tests over imaged brain volumes, adjusted for age and sex. Analyses examined three different metrics of cognitive reserve against sociodemographic, clinical, and longitudinal cognitive data in causal mediation models. Better cognitive reserve was significantly associated with more education, higher income, lower prevalence of depression, lower prevalence of diabetes, and lower prevalence of kidney disease, but we found no statistically significant evidence for an association with plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, APOE e4 carrier status, alcohol use, body mass, or hypertension. Better cognitive reserve was associated with better cognitive function over mean 6.7 years follow-up (range 4-9 years); and the association for education with cognition over time was mediated in part (15-24%) by cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve, although challenging to measure, appears important for understanding the range of cognitive aging in American Indians.
Iridium(iii) complex functionalized ZIF-8 as a novel POD-like nanozyme for visual assay of triazine pesticides
Authors: Zhu Fangming , Zhao Yibo , Dai Chenji , Xu Yaoyao , Zhou Yuyang
Published: January 2025

A sensitive smartphone-mediated RGB colorimetric sensor to directly monitor triazine pesticide residues in vegetables based on organometallic iridium complex functionalized ZIF-8 as a novel and efficient POD-like nanozyme.
An automated electrolyte-gate field-effect transistor test system for rapid screening of multiple sensors
Authors: Liu Zhengru , Bian Long , Shao Wenting , Hwang Sean I. , Star Alexander
Published: January 2025

An automated electrolyte-gate FET test system enables rapid and precise screening of 96 sensors in a single run, offering enhanced reproducibility and efficiency for diverse chemical sensing applications.
Bis(formazanate) iron(ii) complexes as cathode materials for one-compartment H2O2 fuel cells
Authors: Birara Sunita , Majumder Moumita , Metre Ramesh K.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of two bis(formazanate) Fe(ii) complexes based on redox-active benzothiazole-substituted formazanate ligands, which were further employed as cathodes in one-compartment membrane-less H2O2 fuel cell.
Salting Out and Nitrogen Effects on Cloud-Nucleating Ability of Amino Acid Aerosol Mixtures
Authors: Ferdousi-Rokib Nahin , Malek Kotiba A , Gohil Kanishk , Pitta Kiran , Dutcher Dabrina D , Raymond Timothy M , Freedman Miriam A , Asa-Awuku Akua
Published: January 2025

Atmospheric aerosols exist as complex mixtures containing three or more compounds. Ternary aerosol mixtures composed of organic/organic/inorganic can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) under supersaturated conditions, affecting phase morphology and...
Long-term prediction of climate change impacts on indoor particle pollution – case study of a residential building in Germany
Authors: Zhao Jiangyue , Salthammer Tunga , Schieweck Alexandra , Uhde Erik , Hussein Tareq
Published: January 2025

The Indoor Air Quality Climate Change (IAQCC) model was applied to predict the long-term impact of atmospheric changes on indoor particle concentrations based on different climate scenarios.
Harnessing the power of breast milk: how Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FN029 from rural western China mitigates severe atopic dermatitis in mice through retinol metabolism activation
Authors: Hu Pengyue , Sun Jin , Gao Ruijuan , Li Kexin , Liu Jiayi , Pan Xiaonan , Jin Zilu , Mao Yuejian , Yang Jing , Yu Renqiang , Qi Ce
Published: January 2025

This study uncovers the beneficial effects of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FN029 strain, derived from breast milk in rural areas of western China, on a murine model of severe atopic dermatitis.
A ray tracing survey of asymmetric operation of the X-ray Rowland circle using spherically bent crystal analyzers
Authors: Chen Yeu , Gironda Anthony J. , Shen Yaxin , Taylor André D. , Seidler Gerald T.
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive ray-tracing calculations and practical guidance for asymmetric operation of spherically bent crystal analyzers.
3D printable polymer foams with tunable expansion and mechanical properties enabled by catalyst-free dynamic covalent chemistry
Authors: Johnson Rebecca M. , Tolfree Ariel R. , Felicio Perruci Gustavo , Ayers Lyndsay C. , Arora Niyati , Liu Emma E. , Ganesh Vijayalakshmi , Lu Hongbing , Smaldone Ronald A.
Published: January 2025

By leveraging dynamic phosphodiester bonds in 3D printed foams, enhanced expansion and strengths are achieved. Dynamic bonds enable higher crosslinking density and improved energy dissipation, resulting in versatile and high-performance materials.
One-Dimensional FeVO4/MWCNT composite electrode to procure an asymmetric supercapacitor device with superior parameters in Na2SO4 electrolyte: Synthesis and energy applications
Authors: Jhanjhariya Neeru , Ahlawat Simran , Thakran Meenakshi , Khokher Sakshi , Arora Rajat , Dhanda Monika , Lata Suman
Published: January 2025

The present piece of work portrays the preparation of composite material FVC by blending the precursors FeVO4 (FV) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or C, further procured for energy accumulation...
Reason for the deactivation of SnOx in acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Jiang Han , Lu Ming , Yin Xue , Zhu Mingyuan
Published: January 2025

The reason for the deactivation of SnOx may be attributed to the transformation of SnOx into SnCl4.
Nanoscale high-entropy alloys for solar and thermal applications
Authors: Li Xinyang , Zou Yalong , Lu Haijiao , Wang Lianzhou
Published: January 2025

This review highlights the advantages of non-annealing synthesis, emphasizing the importance of in situ characterization, multi-level simulations and machine learning to accelerate photo-/thermocatalytic research in nanoscale high-entropy alloys.
Understanding fatigue and recovery mechanisms in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 capacitors for designing high endurance ferroelectric memory and neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Li Xinye , Srivari Padma , Paasio Ella , Majumdar Sayani
Published: January 2025

Back-end-of-line compatible HZO devices with wake-up free Pr shows recovery from fatigue state up to 90% of pristine value through designed fast recovery pulsing.
The effects of buffer, pH, and temperature upon SPAAC reaction rates
Authors: Pringle Toni A. , Knight James C.
Published: January 2025

Effect of buffer type, pH, and temperature on SPAAC kinetics was evaluated using spectrophotometry with model azides and sulfo DBCO-amine. Optimal reaction rates were seen in HEPES and DMEM, with trends corroborated by DBCO-antibody studies.
Synthesis, cytotoxicity, apoptosis-inducing activity and molecular docking studies of novel isatin–podophyllotoxin hybrids
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thanh , Van Ket Tran , Pham-The Hai , Le Quang-Bao , Le-Nhat-Thuy Giang , Dang Thi Tuyet Anh , Hoang Thi Phuong , Nguyen Thi Quynh Giang , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Vu Ngoc Doan , Van Nguyen Tuyen
Published: January 2025

Compound 7f exhibited cytotoxicity to A549 cells, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. It also interacted with ATP binding sites of CDK2/cyclin A and CDK5/p25, and activated procaspase 6 through stable zinc chelation.
From two-component enzyme complex to nanobiohybrid for energy-efficient water–gas shift reaction
Authors: Pichon Thomas , Righetti Claudio , Pérard Julien , Le Goff Alan , Cavazza Christine
Published: January 2025

Carbon nanotubes enable the dual functioning of CODH and a bioinspired Ni complex, achieving electroless water–gas shift reaction, CO + H2O ⇔ CO2 + H2O.
A multifunctional p-type additive for enhanced efficiency in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Liang , Yu Fengyang , Yang Shuzhang , Cai Xiaoyong , Han Qianji , Miao Qingqing , Ma Tingli , Hayase Shuzi
Published: January 2025

C8BTBT enhances crystallinity, reduces nonradiative recombination, and optimizes energy alignment in perovskites, achieving 22.03% efficiency. This study provides insights for future research on functionalized materials in photovoltaics.
Optimizing nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery: insights from compartmental modeling via the CompSafeNano cloud platform
Authors: Tsiros Periklis , Chimarios Nikolaos , Zouraris Dimitrios , Tsoumanis Andreas , Sarimveis Haralambos , Melagraki Georgia , Lynch Iseult , Afantitis Antreas
Published: January 2025

Nanoparticles (NPs) holds immense potential for targeted drug delivery in vivo, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Simple compartmental modelling can guide the development of targeted NP-drug delivery systems.
Sonochemistry-assisted reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization for synthesizing multicolor room-temperature phosphorescent polymers
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Zhao Ruoqing , Han Jinhong , Wang Chen , Shao Xiaoyang , Wang Zhenhua
Published: January 2025

Sonochemistry-assisted reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was successfully performed to synthesize well-defined gradient copolymers with multicolor room-temperature phosphorescence.
Strangeness in the Looking Glass: A Tutorial for Interrogating Ideologies of “Good” Languaging in Children's Picture Books
Authors: Brea-Spahn María Rosa , Soto-Boykin Xigrid , Pérez Kat , Pérez Shakira M. , Salguero Pérez Nemesis , Anandhakrishnan Mridula , Saldivar Garcia Erica
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

In recent years, the importance of embedding children's racial, cultural, and ability identities has received greater attention in the field of speech-language therapy. Picture books have become one common way of embedding children's identities in therapy sessions. Picture books are a powerful tool for sharing communities' identities, histories, triumphs, and joy. Yet, existing discussions about picture books have seldom included the interrogation of their language ideologies. Ideologies of “good” languaging are important to consider when selecting picture books. Even when books are written and illustrated by community insiders that come from minoritized backgrounds, they can still reify standardized views of languaging that reify various forms of oppression including linguistic racism, ableism (including audism and oralism), xenophobia, and so forth, and these ideas directly impact how youth see themselves or their subjectivities. In this tutorial, we model the application of an inquiry tool to interrogate ideologies of “good” languaging in children's picture books and how to have critical conversations about these language ideologies in ways that are just, affirming, and linguistically sustaining for children who are racially and linguistically minoritized. Three children's books were selected to exemplify the analysis across four dimensions: context, power relations, assumptions and beliefs, and impact on subjectivities.

Conclusions:

To resist the harm imposed on evolving subjectivities in youth, it is of essence that children's literature be analyzed beyond representation of demographics and the positionalities of authors. The hope is that through this work, preservice and in-service teachers and speech-language pathologists co-create learning communities and engage in conversations about how their materials uphold these ideologies or dogmas of “good” languaging in an effort to provide humanizing and affirming learning spaces for children.
Design and analysis of a novel asymmetric PM‐assisted synchronous reluctance motor used for electric vehicles
Authors: Wang Weinan , Wang Shuo , Zhu Liangkuan , Zhao Xiaokun , Wei Jian
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a novel asymmetric permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (APMA‐SynRM) used for electric vehicles (EVs), which adopts the magnetic isolation flux barrier to enhance the effect of magnetic field shifting. Firstly, the magnetic field shifting principle and magnetic circuit model of APMA‐SynRM are analysed. Then, a new design method of APMA‐SynRM that makes the reluctance torque and permanent magnet (PM) torque reach the peak value at same current angle is proposed. According to the design method's analysis, the condition that the structural and magnetic property parameters of APMA‐SynRM should meet is obtained, which provides significant reference for the APMA‐SynRM's design. After that, an APMA‐SynRM scheme is designed to verify the design method's accuracy and effectiveness. Finally, the electromagnetic and mechanical strength performances of APMA‐SynRM and corresponding permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMA‐SynRM) are studied, which demonstrates the feasibility of APMA‐SynRM's application in EVs.
Multi‐time‐scale scheduling of integrated port logistics‐energy system considering piecewise linearization of high‐order equations
Authors: Li Liqin , Shi Qingxin , Wang Zhuorong , Zhang Shuai , Jia Dongxue , Liu Wenxia
Published: January 2025

Port area usually possesses a high percentage of fluctuating energy sources (wind turbine and photovoltaic systems and fluctuating load. How to rationally dispatch port resources and arrange equipment operation plan is crucial in the development of environmentally‐friendly ports. Producing hydrogen using renewable energy sources is an important technical method to promote the utilization of renewable energy. In order to balance the high electricity consumption and unstable output of renewable energy sources, previous studies have proposed a scheduling model for the port logistics‐energy integrated system. However, inaccurate modelling of hydrogen storage devices has impacted the security of system operation. Considering the temperature and pressure of hydrogen in the high‐pressure hydrogen storage tank, this paper established the multi‐time scale scheduling model of the port logistics‐energy integrated system. The excessive electrical energy is stored using electrolytic water hydrogen production technology. On this basis, the electricity and hydrogen load demands are coordinated. Then, a piecewise‐linearization method is proposed to efficiently solve the high‐order nonlinearity temperature‐pressure equation. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method is verified by testing on a standard port integrated energy system.
Description of body image perception and its relation to nutrient intake in bodybuilders
Authors: Sarli Mohd , Riyadi Hadi , Setiawan Budi , Dzulhijjah Rahmi
Published: January 2025

Background: The problem of body dissatisfaction affects the perception of body image in bodybuilders. Objective: This study aims to determine the perception of body image and its relationship with nutrient intake in bodybuilders. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 70 bodybuilders during the cutting phase of their training. Energy and nutrient intake data were collected through 24-hour Food Recall interviews for 2 days. Muscle mass and fat mass data were obtained by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Body image perception data using the Bodybuilder Image Grid. Statistical analysis uses Spearman rank analysis. Results: Most bodybuilders were in early adulthood (aged 26-45 years), highly educated, employed in permanent jobs, and had incomes in the high category. The BMI was classified as normal, while the Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) in the competitive group was predominantly average, and in the non-competitive group, it was mostly below average. The group of non-competitive bodybuilders felt dissatisfied with their body shape based on fat mass and muscle mass, which was different from the group of competitive bodybuilders who felt satisfied with their body shape based on body fat mass It was found that carbohydrate intake was associated with body image perception, particularly in relation to fat mass (p<0.01). Conclusions: Bodybuilders want a leaner body (low body fat mass percentage) and muscularity (high muscle mass percentage) by adopting a low carbohydrate and fluid diet.
Residential and socio-economic difference in protein intake of children aged 6-35 months in Indonesia: The national individual food consumption survey 2014
Authors: Mauludyani Anna V. R. , Suparmi Suparmi , Wibowo Yulianti
Published: January 2025

Consumption of protein by young children is known to support children’s growth and weight gain and thus may help prevent stunting. This study aimed to investigate variation in protein consumption between age groups, socioeconomic status (SES), and residential type among children aged 6-35 months in Indonesia. We analyzed data from the National Individual Food Consumption Survey (SKMI) 2014, which included 3,449 children. Our findings revealed that protein intake increased with children’s age in both urban and rural, ranging from 14.9 to 42.5 g/d in urban areas and 12.6 to 40.3 g/d in rural areas. In both urban and rural settings, protein intake increases significantly with better SES, from 33.4 to 37.8 g/d and 31.6 to 39.5 g/d, respectively. More younger children (6-11 months) had protein inadequacy than older age (73.9 vs 17.6% in urban and 82.8 vs 24.4% in rural areas). Conversely, older children from all SES had mean protein intake higher than the RDA. The primary protein sources were cereals (i.e. rice, plant protein), followed by offal, fish, and meat. This suggests that nutrition education along with improving protein consumption by younger children is crucial for growth and development as well as preventing stunting.
The relationship between parenting styles and socio-economic status with feeding difficulties in toddler
Authors: Fitri Lidia , Afritayeni  , Dora Yanti Penti , Ritawani Hasibuan Evis , Nova Silvia
Published: January 2025

Background: Feeding toddlers is one of the factors determining nutritional status Failure in feeding practices causes feeding difficulties in toddlers. One of the factors causing the success of feeding is parenting patterns and socio-economic. Parenting patterns refer to the implementation of feeding rules and are linked to socio-economic status, which consists of knowledge, income, and education. As of 2023, Riau is one of the top three provinces with the lowest stunting prevalence in Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to identify the relationship between parenting patterns and socio-economic status with feeding difficulties in toddlers. Methods: This quantitative research employs a cross-sectional design and utilizes analytical survey methods. The sample was selected using a random sampling technique, comprising a total of 30 toddlers. Respondents included mothers who had children aged 12-59 months in the working area of Sidomulyo Primary Healthcare Center. Result: There was a significant relationship between parenting patterns (p=0.003) and knowledge (p=0.001) with feeding difficulties in toddlers. The results indicate that parenting patterns and knowledge about feeding rules are closely related to the feeding difficulties in children.
Exploring the relationship between family income, food purchasing power, and nutritional adequacy in Babakan Village’s elementary school children
Authors: Ana Dina Resa , Putri Rahardianty Annisa
Published: January 2025

Adequate energy and protein is an important factor in supporting the growth of elementary school children. Inadequate nutritional intake can threaten physical and mental development, leading to poor academic performance. Economic factors (family income), play a significant role in determining a family's purchasing power. This study analysed the correlation between income, food purchasing power, and protein-energy intake adequacy in school-aged children near the IPB Dramaga Campus. This research used a cross-sectional design, where 39 children were purposively sampled. Data were collected through interviews with self- made questionnaires that have been validated. Most children came from low- income families (64.10%) and had severe deficits in energy and protein adequacy levels (41.03% and 46.15%). The correlation test showed no significant relationship between income and energy-protein adequacy level (p>0.05), but there was a significant relationship between income and purchasing power (p<0.05). The majority of subjects come from low-income families and experience severe energy and protein deficits. Income was not significantly correlated with energy-protein adequacy level but correlated considerably with purchasing power. Other factors, biases, and sample size should be considered in future research.
Local wisdom-based instant cream soup as functional emergency food during health crises and disasters
Authors: Estuti Wiwit , Wayansari Lastmi , Rahman Nur , Nurul Alfiyah Isnar , Samuel Samuel , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Pertiwi Sinar , Rohmatin Etin , Widia Lestari Meti , Enis Rosulina Novi , Asti Rahmawati Vera
Published: January 2025

Background: The development of functional food with local ingredients of black soybeans and brown rice in the form of cream soup as emergency food is important. These foods have high nutritional content for nutritional preparedness efforts in disaster and health crises. Objective: This study aims to determine the acceptability and nutritional value of three types of cream soup (original flavor, mushroom, and vegetable onion). Methods: There were 236 panelists from 3 provinces (West Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java) for the sensory acceptability test. Nutritional value is measured with HPLC, AAS, or Gravimetric methods according to AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). Result: The best results for the acceptability of the overall parameter of cream soup in 3 flavors of original (6.6±2.3), mushroom (6.7±2.3), and vegetable onion (7.2±2.4) were in the provinces of West Java. The highest nutritional value of the 3 cream soup variants is found in the mushroom variant with nutritional values of energy (418.14 kcal), protein (12.75 gr), fat (12.65 gr), fiber (15.76 gr), and sodium (1,608 g). Conclusion: The best acceptable product in terms of color, aroma, texture, and taste was the vegetable onion cream soup variant. One portion of cream soup can meet daily energy requirements of 21.5%.
Diversity and bioindicators of natural enemies in organic paddy fields implementing habitat modification
Authors: Setyadin Yuris , Leksono Amin Setyo , Tarno Hagus
Published: January 2025

Indonesian rice farming relies heavily on intensive systems, adversely affecting soil quality, human health, and non-target organisms. Organic systems are a viable alternative characterized by organic fertilizers and biopesticides, avoiding genetically modified microorganisms and promoting biodiversity. This study investigated the impact of biopesticidal fertilizer (BF), and refugia plants on arthropod pests and natural enemy composition. Refugia plants, including Luffa acutangula, Elegans zinnia, Capsicum frutescens, Solanum licopersicum, Vigna unguiculata, and Cosmos caudatus, were planted in rice field bunds to promote habitat modification. A visual encounter survey (VES) was conducted in the morning, afternoon, and evening to examine arthropod composition. Results showed that habitat modification with BF balanced the visiting patterns of herbivorous, predatory, parasitoid, and pollinator insects. The importance value index of predatory insects was higher in plots using habitat modification (PV = 44.65%, and PG = 46.04%) compared to plots without habitat modification (KV = 37.71%, and KG = 38.54%). Changes in light intensity, air temperature, and humidity also influenced insect diversity on agricultural land. This study demonstrates the potential of habitat modification with biopesticidal fertilizers to promote balanced ecosystems in rice farming, reducing the reliance on intensive systems and their negative consequences.
Characterization of herbal oil with variation of spices ratio (brotowali, clove, cinnamon, kencur, sambiloto) and VCO
Authors: Wibowo Muhamad Agus , Khairiah Mira’til Hayati , Ardiningsih Puji , Jayuska Afghani , Sapar Ajuk
Published: January 2025

Herbal oil is a traditional oil used by people as medicine because the addition of some spices can increase the number of secondary metabolites and bioactivity. The study evaluates how different spice variation ratios and VCO affect phytochemical properties, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity in herbal oil. Herbal oil was made at 100ºC for 60 minutes using variations in the ratio of five total spices and VCO with weight per volume of 3:30 (formula A); 4:30 (formula B); 5:30 (formula C); 6:30 (formula D); and 7:30 (formula E). Phytochemical tests on VCO and herbal oil showed the addition of phenolic compounds in herbal oil. Physicochemical results showed a decrease in moisture content, free fatty acids, and peroxide value as the amount of spices added increased. Antioxidant activity test showed an increase in %inhibition with values of 15.774% (VCO); 30.009% (formula A); 30.054% (formula B); 30.099% (formula C); 30.863% (formula D); and 31.671% (formula E). The results showed that herbal oil with a formula E is the best with physicochemical properties: water content 0.009%; density 1.605 g/mL; pH 5.33; free fatty acids 0.005%; peroxide value 0.012 mEq/kg; and antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 167.277 ppm.
Dengue fever and herbal medicine in Indonesia: Trends, collaborations, and research impact (1985-2023)
Authors: Nur Sabila Berlianda , Stefani Widodo , Putri Damayanti Irma , Pratiwi Wardani Dita , Abidah Safithri , Muhammad Almanfaluthi
Published: January 2025

The research aims to determine the extent to which herbal research in dengue fever through a bibliometric analysis in Scopus databases from 1985 to 2023. Using RStudio with the Bibliometrix package, this study scrutinizes publication patterns, identifies leading institutions, highlights influential authors, and examines keyword trends. Over this period, 122 documents were published across 88 different sources, revealing an annual growth rate of 8.06%. This growth suggests a rising interest in the intersection of herbal medicine and dengue fever, indicating that the research community is increasingly recognizing the potential of herbal treatments. The collaborative nature of this research is underscored by the fact that the average number of co-authors per document is 5.79. Additionally, 21.31% of these publications involve international co-authorship, reflecting a significant level of global collaboration and a shared interest in addressing this persistent health issue. Leading Indonesian institutions, such as Universitas Airlangga and Gajah Mada University, have been at the forefront of this research, making substantial contributions to the scholarly output in this field. Prominent authors, including Sucipto TH and Yohan B, have emerged as key figures. A keyword co-occurrence analysis identified “Aedes aegypti,” “animal model,” and “plant extract” as central themes in the research, which highlights a strong focus on preclinical studies and the chemical analysis of plant-based treatments.
Evaluation of Tinospora cordifolia stem extract bioactive content and anticancer activity against breast cancer cells
Authors: Annisa Yuslinda , Rosyadah Nuraini , Kamila Fairuz Sarah , Ulfa Siti Mariyah , Lestari Sri Rahayu , Widodo Nashi
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer remains a major public health challenge, highlighting the importance of finding new therapeutic approaches, including the use of traditional plants with unstudied medicinal properties. This study aims to explore the bioactive potential of Tinospora cordifolia stem extract by investigating the content of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and alkaloids as well as the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on T47D breast cancer cells. Analysis of bioactive compound content revealed a total flavonoid content of 29.7 ± 0.30 mg QE/g extract, a total phenol content of 120.4 ± 4.25 mg GAE/g extract, a total terpenoid content of 2.41 ± 2.18 mg LE/g extract and a total alkaloid content of 2.55 ± 0.27 mg LE/g extract. Cytotoxicity tests on T47D cells using the WST-1 assay showed a dosedependent decrease in cell viability with an IC50 of 571.3 ± 33.41 µg/ml. Furthermore, at a concentration of 2IC50, T. cordifolia stem extract can induce apoptosis by 36.7 ± 4.19%. These results suggest that T. cordifolia has considerable anticancer activity, although further studies are needed to understand its mechanism of action and evaluate its potential in breast cancer therapy.
Acute toxicity test combination of binahong leaves extract (Anredera cordifolia) and catfish oil (Pangasius micronema Blkr.) in mice
Authors: Rahma Shabrina Auliya , Meitasari Annisa Diyan , Sasongko Heru
Published: January 2025

Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) and catfish (Pangasius micronema Blkr.) plants have been proven to have pharmacological effects through various studies. However, there has been no research on the toxicity level of the combination of two ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity after administration of the combination of natural extracts, the LD50, and the toxicity category of the compound. The parameters observed were symptoms of toxicity, changes in body weight, and changes in organ weight of mice for 14 days of observation. The combination of binahong extract with catfish oil was given orally in graded doses, namely group I (250 mg/kg catfish oil and 100 mg/kg binahong), group II (500 mg/kg catfish oil and 200 mg/kg binahong), and group III (1000 mg/kg catfish oil and 400 mg/kg binahong). The data obtained were then subjected to an ANOVA test to determine differences between the test groups. The results showed that the symptoms of toxicity that appeared, body weight testing, and organs of the liver, heart, and kidneys of mice obtained a significance value of p>0.05 so there is no significant difference between the weight of mice’s hearts. The LD50 value in this study is a pseudo-LD50 because there is no death in all test animals. This shows that the combination of binahong extract and catfish oil is categorized as practically non-toxic with LD50 > 5000 mg/kg.
Statistics of Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed Using the LOFAR Radio Telescope
Authors: Boyde Ben , Wood Alan G. , Dorrian Gareth , de Gasperin Francesco , Mevius Maaijke
Published: January 2025

A climatology of Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) observed using the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) has been created based on 2,723 hours of astronomical observations. Radio telescopes such as LOFAR must contend with many causes of signal distortions, including the ionosphere. To produce accurate astronomical images, calibration solutions are derived to mitigate these distortions as much as possible. These calibration solutions provide extremely precise measurements of ionospheric variations across the LOFAR network, enabling TIDs to be detected which may be inaccessible to more traditional techniques. Waves are detected by LOFAR under all observing conditions, with no clear dependence on solar or geomagnetic activity. The vast majority of the observed waves travel in the opposite direction to the climatological thermospheric winds, suggesting that they are caused by upward propagating atmospheric gravity waves which are filtered by the wind. Waves of different periods display slightly different propagation directions, with waves of shorter periods consistent with the winds at lower altitudes within the thermosphere ($\SI{180}{\kilo\metre}$ for $10-\SI{15}{\minute}$ periods compared to $\SI{220}{\kilo\metre}$ for $20-\SI{27}{\minute}$ periods). This suggests that either the shorter period waves are being detected at lower altitudes or that they are simply more sensitive to the winds at lower altitudes. This indicates that observations made using LOFAR may enable the investigation of vertical coupling within the neutral atmosphere. The shortest period waves in the dataset ($<\sim\SI{10}{\minute}$) display distinct characteristics, suggesting they may be from a distinct population such as previously reported disturbances in the plasmasphere. The short period waves are compared to previous observations using other radio telescopes, showing that plasmaspheric disturbances likely account for some of the shortest period waves ($<\sim\SI{5}{\min}$) but there are still a large number of waves at these periods which are of uncertain origin.
Educación, aculturación y actitudes latinas hacia la inmigración
Authors: Kehrberg Jason E. , Cepek Emma A. , Trudo Sydni L. , Yonts Keygan T.
Published: January 2025

We study the influence of education on Latines’ immigration attitudes across levels of acculturation. Previous research argues that education shapes immigration attitudes by reducing the perceived threat. These studies use combined samples with respondents from multiple ethnic and racial groups, including groups who share cultural similarities with immigrant groups. Using data from a national survey, we conducted regression analysis examining the relationship between education and immigration attitudes for Latines, generating important findings. First, analysis mirrors previous scholarly findings in that education does not impact Latine attitudes, even when generational status is included in the statistical models. Second, the addition of an interaction between generational status and education supports the hypothesis that education’s impact on immigration attitudes varies across acculturation levels. Third, further analysis shows that education levels matter for fourth-generation Latines but not for earlier generations. Our tests provide support for identity theories on the influence of education.
Fabrication of periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides for broadband nonlinear photonics
Authors: Ayhan Furkan , Ludwig Markus , Herr Tobias , Brasch Victor , Villanueva Luis Guillermo
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear optics is the precursor for many of the modern-day applications of photonics, including femtosecond pulse synthesis, precision spectroscopy, and metrology. In the last decade, nanophotonic waveguides have not only boosted the efficiencies of nonlinear effects but also unlocked new degrees of freedom in the design process and enabled the monolithic integration of multiple nonlinear devices. Now, the advent of thin-film variants of platforms with a strong second-order nonlinearity such as lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) enables entirely new applications while further improving efficiency for the existing ones. However, suitable fabrication processes are needed to exploit the full potential of these new platforms. Here, we introduce a process for fabricating high-confinement lithium niobate waveguides with periodic poling. Our waveguide designs enable both third-order nonlinear χ(3) broadening and sum frequency generation (SFG) up to the fourth harmonic through a quasi-phase-matched χ(2) section. In supercontinuum (SC) experiments, our devices produce multi-octave SC spectra when pumped with an 80 fs mode-locked laser at 1560 nm.