bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental Substantiation of Alternative Methods for Quality Control of Live Anthrax Vaccine
Authors: Kasina I. V. , Alekseeva S. A. , Nemirovskaya T. I.
Published: December 2020

Preventive immunisation against anthrax is carried out in accordance with the national Immunisation Schedule for Epidemic Settings. The vaccination is performed using a live vaccine—a freeze-dried suspension of Bacillus anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain spores in a stabilizing media. Improvement of the quality control of immunobiological medicines is a pressing issue and an integral part of the quality management system.

The aim of study was to streamline quality control of live anthrax vaccine in terms of the following test parameters: identification and specific activity (total spore concentration).

Materials and methods: identification and specific activity (total spore concentration) tests were performed for samples of live anthrax vaccine, batch 266, produced by the 48 Central Scientific Research Institute. The identification test was performed using the B. anthracis immunochromatography test kit for express detection and identification of anthrax pathogen spores produced by the State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (Obolensk). The specific activity (total spore concentration) was assessed by the visual method and calculated in the Goryaev chamber using the industry reference standard of bacterial suspension turbidity equivalent to 10 IU—OSO 42-28-85 (by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products). The number of live spores in live anthrax vaccine was determined by the microbiological method (by inoculating media). The statistical processing of the results was performed using Excel and Statistica 10.0.

Results: the authors provided theoretical and experimental substantiation to support the feasibility of using immunochromatography as an alternative identification test method for live anthrax vaccine. Test samples dilutions of 108 microbial cells per millilitre and 109 microbial cells per millilitre are used in the test. The authors developed a test procedure for determination of the total spore concentration (specific activity) in live anthrax vaccine using an industry reference standard of turbidity equivalent to 10 IU, and proposed a formula for calculation of the total spore concentration.

Conclusions: the developed test procedures could be recommended for inclusion in the live anthrax vaccine specification files as alternative methods of quality control.
RUS KAYNAKLARI IŞIĞINDA BULGARİSTAN’IN BAĞIMSIZLIK İLANI
Authors: DOĞAN Şahin
Published: December 2020

1878 Berlin Antlaşması sonrasında Osmanlı Devleti açısından uluslararası platformda çok önemli değişimler yaşandı. Bu çerçevede en önemli gelişmelerin yaşandığı bölgelerden birisi de İmparatorluğun Balkan topraklarıydı. İmparatorluk topraklarından birer bağımsız devlet olarak ortaya çıkan diğer devletlerden farklı olarak Bulgaristan Osmanlı Devleti’ne bağlı bir Prenslik haline getirildiği gibi Ayastefanos’da belirlenen sınırları da daraltıldı. Bu şekilde başta Bulgarlar olmak üzere uluslararası çevreler açısından Bulgaristan’ın bağımsızlığı meselesi ötelenmiş oldu. 1908–1909 yıllarında Osmanlı iç siyasetindeki gelişmeler Bulgaristan’ın bağımsızlığını ilan etmesi için uygun koşullar yarattı ve bu süreçte Bulgaristan bağımsızlığını ilan etti. İşte bu makale ile bazı Rus kaynakları ışığında bu süreç ele alınmış ve bu kaynakların Bulgaristan’ın Bağımsızlığı süreci araştırmaları ile bu evrede yaşanan uluslararası gelişmelerin açıklanmasına katkıda bulunması hedeflenmiştir.
THE QUALITY OF LIGHTING IN THE MODELLING OF LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS PROGRAMS
Authors: Budak Vladimir , Meshkova Tat'yana
Published: December 2020

The article formulates and proves a new approach to assessing the quality of lighting based on the luminance spatial-angular distribution (LSAD). Several aspects of assessing the quality of lighting are described and the main one is selected for further research. Visibility is considered as the first step to the formulation of the quality criterion. The validity of the new approach is proved in laboratory conditions on the example of carrying out a standard visual task and in real conditions in the Moscow metro.
DESIGN FEATURES OF THE AUTOMATIZED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FOR A TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL COMPLEX
Authors: Beleychenko Aleksey , Averchenkov Vladimir
Published: December 2020

This research examined the problems of the tourism sector of the economy, that was described from the perspective of potential informatization. The features of the tourism industry functioning were reflected, some proposals were put forward regarding the design and development of an automated management system, and the geographical affiliation of the research areas were indicated. The tourist and recreational complex was proposed to understand as a separate component of the tourism industry, and was accordingly accepted as the object for the projected automated system. The authors had refined the formulation of the term "tourist and recreational complex" as a complex socio-economic system based on the problems and possibilities of it’s informatization. Sufficient attention was paid to the identification of the characteristic features of the tourist and recreational complex, to the designation and addition of its functions, to the possibilities and difficulties of formalization. Some features and problems of the designing an automated control system were described in this research, there were also suggests about its conceptual structure, and outlines the for further research. Special attention was paid to the developing of the automated system for managing the tourist and recreational complex, based on the requests, needs and capabilities of its three main groups of users: regional (district) management, business and guests (tourists, recreants).
Distance Learning and Parental Mental Health During COVID-19
Authors: Davis Cassandra R. , Grooms Jevay , Ortega Alberto , Rubalcaba Joaquin Alfredo-Angel , Vargas Edward
Published: December 2020

As COVID-19 cases continue to increase across the country, there is a concern about the extent to which this pandemic will affect students. Since March 2020, schools transitioned to a distance-learning format, which unintentionally forced parents into new teaching roles as proxy educators. In this brief, we explore the association between distance learning and the mental health of proxy educators. We find that parents with children who struggled with distance learning experienced elevated mental distress. Given the relationship between teacher burnout and student outcomes, we argue the importance of supporting parents during this time to improve students’ schooling.
Звезды типа Т Тельца: магнитные поля и планеты
Authors: Гранкин Константин
Published: December 2020

В этом кратком обзоре мы представляем результаты исследования крупномасштабных магнитных полей у звезд типа Т Тельца (TTS). Небольшой спектрополяриметрический обзор 8 молодых звезд был осуществлен в рамках двух международных проектов MaPP (Magnetic Protostars and Planets) и MaTYSSE (Magnetic Topologies of Young Stars and the Survival of massive close-in Exoplanets) в период с 2009 по 2016 годы. Для каждого нашего объекта мы реконструировали карту яркости и топологию магнитного поля с использованием метода доплер-зеемановского картирования (ZDI). Обзор содержит краткое описание спектрополяриметрических данных, метода ZDI, пример восстановления яркостных и магнитных карт, а также свойства магнитных полей 8 TTS. Наши результаты показывают, что AA Tau и LkCa 15 взаимодействуют со своими дисками в режиме пропеллера, когда звездное вращение активно замедляется магнитным взаимодействием между звездой и диском. Мы обнаружили, что магнитные поля некоторых TTS являются переменными на временном масштабе в несколько лет и, следовательно, по своей природе нестационарны. Мы сообщаем об открытии двух гигантских экзопланет вокруг V830 Tau и TAP 26. Эти два новых обнаружения предполагают, что теория дисковой миграции 2-го типа хорошо объясняет образование горячих юпитеров около молодых TTS. Результаты нашего обзора сравниваются с общей картиной свойств магнитных полей двадцати TTS на диаграмме Герцшпрунга – Рассела. Сравнение показывает, что WTTS демонстрируют более широкий диапазон различных топологий магнитного поля по сравнению с CTTS, и что магнитное поле TTS (CTTS и WTTS) в основном полоидальное и осесимметричное у более холодных (меньше 4300 К) звезд, которые остаются в значительной степени конвективными. Эти выводы нуждаются в подтверждении на основании анализа более представительной выборки молодых звезд.
Классические звезды типа Т Тельца: аккреция, ветер, пыль
Authors: Петров Петр
Published: December 2020

Классические звезды типа Т Тельца (СTTS) находятся в ранней фазе эволюции, когда звезда окружена аккреционным диском. Большинство наблюдаемых явлений активности СTTS обусловлены процессами магнитосферной аккреции и ветра. В статье приводятся примеры наблюдений магнитосферной аккреции и образования эффекта вуалирования фотосферного спектра. Показано, что пыль, выносимая ветром с поверхности аккреционного диска, ответственна за наблюдаемую нерегулярную переменность блеска СTTS. В Крымской астрофизической обсерватории с 2013 г. проводится спектральный и фотометрический мониторинг двух звезд, RY Tau и SU Aur, с целью исследования динамики аккреции и ветра на временной шкале от нескольких суток до нескольких лет. Наблюдаемые изменения динамики газовых потоков могут быть вызваны как изменением темпа аккреции, так и изменением глобального магнитного поля молодой звезды.
COVID-19, Increased Webinars and What Counts for Human Capital Development among Academics in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Oyetoro Oyebode
Published: December 2020

The advent of COVID-19 came with precautionary measures to curtail its widespread among people. One of these measures is restrained public/social gatherings and lockdown of airports with implications for transportation of persons. The impact of this on academics is that they are not able to travel for conferences, seminars, workshops and lectures. Yet, opportunities for virtual conferences have been opened and multiplied. Barring the challenges of data cost and internet accessibility, academics are able to attend multiple, most often, registration free virtual human capital development meetings. The emergent challenge remains that of identifying virtual meetings for attendance that will raise no dust as there are presently no known minimal parameters for determining preferred ones by higher education institutions appointments and promotions committee and selection panels. This study utilized the interpretive research paradigm using data from five senior scholars identified criteria for selecting webinars that would count for appointment and promotions determination purposes among academics in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The study identified nine criteria that would be of value to academics in determining whether to attend or add webinars on their curriculum vita for human capital indices determination.
The Mediating Effect of Affective Commitment on the Relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Turnover Intentions of University Employees
Authors: Tumwesigye Godfrey , Onen David , Oonyu Joseph , Musaazi John C. S.
Published: December 2020

In this study, we explored the mediating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between human resource management practices (HRMPs) and the turnover intentions of university employees in Uganda using the theoretical lens of social exchange theory. The study was instigated by reportedly persistent increase in the cases of employee attrition in higher education institutions in Uganda in spite of Government’s attempts to improve the working conditions of the university employees. Using the cross-sectional survey research design, data were collected with the use of an adapted self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 722 academic and non-academic employees of three public and three private universities in Uganda. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated that HRMPs were significant positive predictors of affective commitment (rewards: β =.225; p<.001), promotions: β =.228; p<.001; and job security: β = .141; p<.001). However, HRM practices were negative predictors of turnover intentions (rewards: β = -.228; p<.001; promotion, β = -.215; p<.001; job security, β = -.138; p<.001). Furthermore, affective commitment was indeed a significant mediator of the relationship between HRMPs and turnover intentions of university employees. These findings made us draw the conclusion that when university employees perceive the institution’s HRMPs to be favourable, they will not only become committed to the organisation but also desire to remain working longer for it. Therefore, we recommend that the university managers in Uganda and similar countries should formulate and practise human resource management styles that do not only spur employee commitment but also enhance staff retention.
Promoting Global Sharing of Earth System Science Data Through Free and Open Access Data Publication
Authors: Carlson David , Elger Kirsten , Peng Ge , Wagner Johannes , Klump Jens
Published: December 2020

In less than one decade the open-access data journal Earth System Science Data (ESSD, a member of the Copernicus Open Access Publisher family) grew from a start-up venture into one of the highest-rated journals in global environmental science. Stimulated by data needs of the International Polar Year 2007-2008, ESSD now serves a very broad community of data providers and users, ensuring that users get free and easy access to quality data products and that providers gain full public credit for preparing, describing and sharing those products. Adopting technology and practices from research journals, ESSD moved data publication from an abstract concept to a working enterprise; several publishers now support similar data-sharing journals. As it confronts increasing challenges and barriers, ESSD serves as a prominent voice for and an example of emphatic fully-free fully-open global data access. Data journals such as ESSD clearly meet a strong community need.
Tugas pertama statistik pendidikan
Authors: Alia
Published: December 2020

Alhamdunillah tugas pertama STATISTIK PENDIDIKAN telah selesai dengan ucapan rasa syukur kepada ALLAH SWT.
Mengenal Analisis Moderating dan Mediating Bagi Perusahaan
Authors: Fitri Rohmadina Sabila
Published: December 2020

Teknologi informasi menjadi variabel moderating yang menawarkan konsep holistik nilai bisnis teknologi. Teknologi informasi dapat mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan ketika perusahaan dapat menggabungkan organisasi lain terutama strategi orientasi. Pengaruh teknologi turbulen ini memiliki efek moderasi pada hubungan kinerja perusahaan dan strategi orientasi. Ketika turbulensi teknologi tinggi maka strategi orientasi berdampak positif pada kinerja perusahaan. Sebaliknya jika turbulensi teknologi ini rendah maka strategi orientasi berdampak negatif pada kinerja perusahaan (Pratono, 2016). Mediating effect merupakan suatu variabel bertahap yang menjelaskan hubungan antara dua variabel. Peran mediating effect sendiri pada (Pratono, Darrmasetiawan, Yudiarso, & Jeong, 2019) memberikan hubungan yang positif antara orientasi kewirausahaan, orientasi pemasaran dan kinerja perusahaan yang keunggulan kompetitif. Hasilnya memberikan bukti bahwa pembelajaran antar organisasi tidak hanya mencapai keunggulan kompetitif tetapi juga membantu perusahaan memanfaatkan orientasi kewirausahaan dan orientasi pasar ke dalam keunggulan kompetitif.
PENGELOLAAN UNTUK PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF EFEKTIF
Authors: Faradila Alya Shofa
Published: December 2020

Pengelolaan adalah proses, cara, suatu perbuatan mengelola, atau proses menjalankan kegiatantertentu dengan menggerakan tenaga orang lain. Pengelolaan adalah proses yang memberikanpengawasan pada semua hal yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan kebijaksanaan dan pencapaiantujuan. Pengelolaan atau manajemen ialah proses tertentu yang akan dilaksanakan mulaiperencanaan sampai dengan penilaian. Tujuan dari pengelolaan pendidikan adalah tercapainyatujuan pendidikan secara efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatifuntuk mendeskripsikan proses kegiatan pendidikan berdasarkan yang terjadi di lapangan. Hasildari penelitian menemukan bahwa kepala sekolah merupakan peran penting dalam pengelolaanpendidikan inklusif. Peneliti juga akan melakukan perbandingan beberapa pengelolaan ataumanajemen.
Stress-related Growth in Adolescents Returning to School after COVID-19 School Closure
Authors: Waters Lea , Allen Kelly-Ann , Arslan Gökmen
Published: December 2020

The move to remote learning triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted billions of students globally in 2020. While research shows that school closure, and the pandemic more generally, has led to student distress, the possibility that these disruptions can also prompt growth in young people is a worthwhile question to investigate. The current study examined stress-related growth in a sample of students returning to campus following a period of COVID-19 remote learning (n = 404, age = 13–18; 50.2% female). The relationship between positive education (i.e., the degree to which wellbeing skills were taught at school prior to the COVID-19 outbreak) and student levels of stress-related growth upon returning to campus was tested via structural equation modeling. Additionally, the degree to which students engaged in positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and strengths use during the period of remote learning were examined as mediators. The model provided a good fit (χ2 = 5.37, df = 3, p = .146, RMSEA = .044 [90% CI = .00–.10], SRMR = .012, CFI = 99, TLI = .99) with 56% of the variance in stress-related growth explained. More specifically, the degree to which positive education was present at school explained 21% of stress-related growth (before including mediators). Positive education also explained 15% of the variance in cognitive reappraisal, 7% in emotional processing, and 16% in student strengths use during remote learning. The results are discussed using a positive psychology paradigm and implications for the teaching of wellbeing skills at school to foster adversarial growth are presented.
Chevrons: origin and relevance for the reconstruction of past wind regimes
Authors: Vimpere Lucas , Kindler Pascal , Castelltort Sebastien
Published: December 2020

Since its first use in the late 80’s, the term chevron has been employed in numerous studies to describe large U- and V-shaped ridges found in or near shorelines worldwide. Most studies have so far focused on Bahamian chevrons that are exclusively of Late Pleistocene age, and on the supposed Holocene chevrons found in S-Madagascar and Australia. In the Bahamas, these deposits have been interpreted as the product of extreme storms at the end of the last interglacial (LIG) warm period. In contrast, the extensive chevrons complex exposed in S-Madagascar and on the western coast of Australia have been associated with a tsunami induced by a meteorite impact. Finally, several authors have also proposed a non-catastrophic (i.e. eolian) origin based on the recognized importance of wind-related processes in these coastal areas, and term such deposits parabolic dunes. In this paper, we collect and synthesize existing data on the morphology, sedimentology and age of these chevrons, and review the different interpretations proposed in the literature with the aim to lay out a consistent database to assist further investigations on these important coastal morphologies. In addition, we generated a synthesis of wind data at the three study areas, which highlights the relationship between present wind regimes and chevrons morphologies. The ubiquity of chevrons (likely actually parabolic dunes) in coastal areas around the globe and their relationship with coastal processes makes them crucial archives for reconstructing past wind regimes.
Three-dimensional nonlinear displacement-based beam element for members with asymmetric thin-walled sections
Authors: Du Xinlong , Hajjar Jerome
Published: December 2020

Asymmetric thin-walled sections such as steel angles and tees are widely used in truss structures and transmission towers. To address extreme limit states that these structures encounter due to extreme events such as hurricanes and earthquakes, it is important to capture their response due to large deformations caused by static or dynamic loading. In the nonlinear large deformation regime, these members have coupled axial-flexural-torsional deformation due to the so-called Wagner effect and the noncoincident shear center and centroid. A three-dimensional corotational total Lagrangian beam element is formulated and implemented in the OpenSees corotational framework to account for these coupling effects by invoking Green-Lagrange strains referenced to a basic system. In the basic system, shear forces and torque are defined with respect to the shear center, axial force is referred to the centroid, and flexure is defined around the section principle axes but in the planes containing the shear center. The element tangent stiffness matrix is derived through linearization of the governing equation obtained from the principle of virtual work. Cubic Hermitian functions for the transverse displacements and a linear shape function for the axial and torsional deformation are adopted in the development. Before conducting the corotational transformation, all element end forces and displacements are transformed to act about the shear center. In order to remedy membrane locking in the inextensional bending mode, the high order bending terms in the axial strain are replaced by a constant effective strain. Cyclic material nonlinearity is considered by discretizing the cross section into a grid of fibers, tracking the steel uniaxial stress-strain constitutive at each fiber, and performing numerical integration over the cross section to obtain the section stiffness matrix. The formulation is compared against a set of experimental and numerical results to validate that the element can model geometric and material nonlinearities accurately and efficiently.
Knowing Behavior Matters Doesn’t Hurt: The Effect of Individual Climate Behavior Messaging on Green Policy Support
Authors: Rakhimov Abdurakhim , Thulin Erik
Published: December 2020

Promoting individual behavior change has been criticized as a strategy for addressing climate change due to its potential to diminish climate policy support. In a pre-registered study, we find that messages recommending the adoption of individual climate behaviors and highlighting their large impact do not affect support for a carbon tax. Programs that encourage personal behavior change with substantial mitigation potential offer complementary opportunities to policy without undermining its effectiveness.
Tax compliance is not fundamentally influenced by incidental emotions: An experiment
Authors: Enachescu Janina , Puklavec Žiga , Olsen Jerome , Kirchler Erich
Published: December 2020

The present study investigates the impact of incidental emotions on tax compliance behavior in an experimental setting. Different theories are divided about how experiencing incidental emotions should influence tax decisions and the few existing studies yield inconsistent results. Our aim was to investigate differences between three specific emotions, namely anger, fear, and happiness. This allowed a comparison in compliance behavior as a function of differences in emotional valence as well as in specific emotional qualities. For this purpose, a sample of 264 individuals participated in a tax experiment. After a baseline treatment, one of the three emotions was induced using video-clips with background music. Moreover, emotional arousal was assessed by measuring electrodermal activity. Manipulation check items as well as elevated arousal levels after the emotion induction provided support for a successful emotion induction. Nevertheless, we did not observe any tax compliance differences between the anger, fear, and happiness conditions. Our results speak against a fundamental role of incidental emotions for tax compliance decisions.
Analysing the Direction of Emotional Influence in Nonverbal Dyadic Communication: A Facial-Expression Study
Authors: Shadaydeh Maha , Mueller Lea , Schneider Dana , Thümmel Martin , Kessler Thomas , Denzler Joachim
Published: December 2020

Identifying the direction of emotional influence in a dyadic dialogue is of increasing interest in the psychological sciences with applicationsin psychotherapy, analysis of political interactions or interpersonal conflict behavior. Facial expressions are widely described as being automatic andthus hard to overtly influence. As such, they are a perfect measure for a better understanding of unintentional behavior cues about social-emotionalcognitive processes. With this view, this study is concerned with the analysis of the direction of emotional influence in dyadic dialogue based on facialexpressions only. We exploit computer vision capabilities along with causal inference theory for quantitative verification of hypotheses on the directionof emotional influence, i.e., causal effect relationships, in dyadic dialogues. We address two main issues. First, in a dyadic dialogue, emotionalinfluence occurs over transient time intervals and with intensity and direction that are variant over time. To this end, we propose a relevant intervalselection approach that we use prior to causal inference to identify those transient intervals where causal inference should be applied. Second, wepropose to use fine-grained facial expressions that are present when strong distinct facial emotions are not visible. To specify the direction ofinfluence, we apply the concept of Granger causality to the time series of facial expressions over selected relevant intervals. We tested our approachon newly, experimentally obtained data. Based on quantitative verification of hypotheses on the direction of emotional influence, we were able to showthat the proposed approach is most promising to reveal the causal effect pattern in various instructed interaction conditions.
Privatization and the Postsocialist Fertility Decline
Authors: Scheiring Gábor , Hui Bryant P.H. , Irdam Darja , Azarova Aytalina , Fodor Eva , Stuckler David , Esping-Andersen Gosta , King Lawrence
Published: December 2020

The ten countries with the fastest shrinking population are all located in Eastern Europe, with low fertility as one of the leading causes. In this article, we analyze the privatization of companies as a potential but so far neglected factor behind the postsocialist fertility decline. We argue that privatization is linked to lower fertility by catalyzing uncertainty, shifting the cost of care work onto families, and reducing the resources available to support social reproduction. We test this hypothesis using a novel database comprising information on the demographic and enterprise trajectories of 52 Hungarian towns between 1989-2006 and a cross-country dataset of 28 countries in Eastern Europe. We fit fixed and random-effects models adjusting for potential confounding factors and control for time-variant factors and common trends. We find that company privatization is significantly associated with the postsocialist fertility decline. The observed level of privatization among Hungarian towns corresponds to 0.37 fewer childbirths per woman on average, i.e., approximately 54.3% of the overall fertility decline. Cross-country fixed effects models covering 28 former socialist-bloc countries for the 1989-2012 period confirm the town-level findings. The observed level of privatization among postsocialist countries might explain approximately 49.75% of the overall fertility decline.
Clinical Profile and Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis attending a Teaching Hospital at Gandaki Province, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Subash , Gyawali Merina
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is inflammatory process of pancreas presenting with acute abdominal pain.The majority of patients have mild disease. Some patients develop local and systemic complications with increased morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical profile and outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis.
 
Methods:  A cross-sectional hospital based study comprising of 62 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were enrolled between Jan 2019 to August 2020. Clinical profile at admission, complications and clinical outcomes including mortality were studied. Patients were classified into mild, moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis based on revised Atlanta classification and modified CT severity index.  Data entry was done in Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 20.
Results: The mean age of study subjects was 44±10.87 years with 43 (56%) males and 19 (44%) females (M:F=2.1:1). The commonest etiology of pancreatitis was alcohol (53.2%) followed by biliary pancreatitis (37.1%)  The most common presentation was abdominal pain (100%). The most common complication was pancreatic necrosis (21%) followed by acute kidney injury (19.4%) and pleural effusion (17.3%). Majority( 72.6%) was mild and 17.7% had severe acute pancreatitis. Mortality was seen in 6.5% patients. Mortality was observed in patients with persistent complications, organ failure, low serum calcium and high modified CT severity index.
 
Conclusions: Alcohol and gallstones were the two main etiologies of acute pancreatitis and were common in males, and in middle age groups. Majority presented with mild severity. Mortality was observed in some patients with severe acute pancreatitis.
 
Keywords: alcohol; biliary; CT severity index; mortality; outcome; pancreatitis
A Sonographic Study of Kidney Dimensions Among Nepalese Children
Authors: Mansur Dil Islam , Karki Subindra , Shrestha Pragya , Maskey Sunima
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Any variations in shape or size of either one or both kidneys may indicate sign of its pathology. The study was aimed to determine normal values for renal dimensions among Nepalese children.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the renal dimensions among 211 children. The length, breadth and thickness of kidneys were measured by computerised in built calliper in centimetre by using ultrasound and volume of the kidney was calculated.

Results: The mean values of length, breadth, thickness and volume were 7.05 ± 1.80 cm, 2.95 ± 0.48 cm, 1.35 ± 0.15 cm and 15.09 ± 5.91 cc for right kidneys respectively; and 7.36 ± 1.89 cm, 2.98 ± 1.89 cm, 1.35 ± 0.18 cm and 15.98 ± 6.44 cc for left kidneys respectively. The mean values for length, breadth, thickness and volume of right kidney was 7.57 ± 1.99 cm, 3.11 ± 0.46 cm, 1.38 ± 0.14 cm and 17.38 ± 6.20 cc among boys respectively; and 6.50 ± 1.39 cm, 2.78 ± 0.44 cm, 1.31 ± 0.17 cm and 12.69 ± 4.43 cc among girls respectively. Similarly, these values for length, breadth, thickness and volume of left kidneys were 7.91 ± 2.04 cm, 3.13 ± 0.49 cm, 1.39 ± 0.18 cm and 18.46 ± 6.89 cc among boys respectively; and 6.78 ± 1.52 cm, 2.83 ± 0.45 cm, 1.31 ± 0.17 cm and 13.38 ± 4.73 cc among girls respectively.

Conclusions: It was concluded that mean values for renal length and volume was found to be higher on left side than right side in all age groups. These values for renal breadth and thickness were observed almost same on both sides in all age groups. All measurements of renal dimensions were found significantly higher among boys than girls on both sides. This study has provided the reference values for renal sizes among Nepalese children.
Study On Skin Fold Thickness in Newborns as an Index of Foetal Nutritional Assessment
Authors: Kafle Raju , Gupta Ruchi , Gupta Binod Kumar , Gupta Badri Kumar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Skin fold thickness is a measure of adiposity and is a validated method of assessing malnutrition in older children. The present study was undertaken to see the role of skin fold thickness measurement in neonates as an index of foetal nutritional assessment and to compare between CAN (Clinical Assessment of Nutrition) score and other anthropometric indicators in foetal malnutrition (FM).

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in postnatal ward of Universal College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital for a duration of six months.  Three hundred seventy term newborns were assessed by CAN score and anthropometry recorded. The CAN score was determined and those with scores < 25 was classified as having foetal malnutrition. Skin fold thickness using the Slim Guide skin fold caliper was taken at the triceps, biceps, sub scapular, supra iliac and quadriceps locations for each neonate. Two readings were taken at every site and the mean was recorded. All the skin fold thickness measurements were correlated with the CAN score and statistical comparisons were made.

Results: Incidence of FM was 18.38%. The mean (SD) for sum of all skin-fold thickness at all sites for males and females were 4.3 ± 1.61 and 4.18 ± 0.72 mm respectively. All the skin-fold thickness measurements correlated significantly with the CAN score, but the sum of the five had the best correlation. The mean (SD) of anthropometric data of babies and sum of all comparing foetal malnutrition versus without foetal malnutrition using nutritional status CAN score was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). 

Conclusions: The sum of all five skin-fold measurements might be a useful screening tool for FM in view of its objectivity, convenience and simplicity, but it is not sufficiently sensitive or specific to replace the CAN score in the identification of FM in neonates.
7. Multiple Liminalitites in Early Anglo-Saxon England: Age, Gender and Religion
Authors: Cave Christine , Oxenham Marc
Published: December 2020

Liminalities and ambiguities can be useful in identifying complex patterns in many areas of study. This paper examines two elderly burials from the Anglo-Saxon cemetery of Mill Hill, Deal, Kent in England. These two individuals display multiple liminalities, particularly with respect to their advanced age, gendered identities and in their potential religious beliefs. Their advanced age suggests they spent the last years of their lives in the knowledge that they were close to the ultimate transition: death. Moreover, being quite elderly has likely affected their gendered identities, rendering them muted, altered and/or de-gendered. The combination of their elderly status, their physical position in the cemetery and the phasing of their graves suggests they were the last two individuals buried at Mill Hill, possibly some considerable time after it had gone out of general use. Their graves are dated to the Final Phase or Conversion Period of Early Anglo-Saxon England when, among other changes, Christianity begins to become the dominant religion; this and the presence of an unexcavated cemetery nearby, with goods pointing to a later date than this one, suggests the possibility that these two individuals were the last pagans in their community. These are all factors which point to the multiple liminalities of the two individuals.
Acknowledgement
Authors: Murphy Eileen , Lillehammer Grete
Published: December 2020

Acknowledgement
PERSONAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN SOSIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN STAKEHOLDER VALUE
Authors: Dwi Ekasari Harmadji
Published: December 2020

Tujuan utama penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pengalaman pribadi mengenai personal social responsibility yang diterapkan oleh NP, seorang wirausaha yang memiliki perusahaan perorangan miliknya yaitu Hotel A di Kota Malang. Hal ini akan menginspirasi bagi wiraswasta lain untuk bisa menghasilkan Personal Social Responsibility di lingkungan usahanya sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitarnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi input yang berguna bagi pengembangan teori stakeholder dan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban sosial melalui penerapan Personal Social Responsibility sehingga dapat meningkatkan stakeholder value dalam wirausaha. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan referensi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut terutama bagi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan. Melalui penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan naratif deskriptif, penelitian ini menggunakan teori stakeholder, yang lebih mempertimbangkan posisi para stakeholder yang dianggap powerfull daripada hanya posisi shareholder saja. Kelompok-kelompok stakeholder tersebut meliputi pemegang saham, pelanggan, pegawai, pemasok, kreditur, pemerintah, dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada keterkaitan langsung dengan penerapan Personal Social Responsibility sebagai akuntansi pertanggungjawaban sosial untuk meningkatkan stakeholder value.
KAJIAN FAKTOR PENENTU SURPLUS (DEFISIT) UNDERWRITING DANA TABARRU’ PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI UMUM SYARIAH DAN UNIT USAHA SYARIAH PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI UMUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Novi Puspitasari  , Amalia Nurfarida  , Lilik Farida
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh klaim, retakaful, hasil investasi, dan kontribusi peserta terhadap surplus (defisit) underwriting dana tabarru’ pada perusahaan asuransi umum syariah dan unit usaha syariah perusahaan asuransi umum di Indonesia. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk penentuan sampel penelitian ini. Populasi yang diperoleh berjumlah 26 perusahaan asuransi umum syariah dan unit usaha syariah, yang kemudian diperoleh 10 sampel perusahaan yang sesua1 kriteria. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klaim berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap surplus (defisit) underwriting dana tabarru’, retakaful dan hasil investasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap surplus (defisit) underwriting dana tabarru’, dan kontribusi peserta berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap surplus (defisit) underwriting dana tabarru’.
The Doctrine of Theosis and the Reality of Purpose: Exploring the Convergence between Deification and Organismic Teleology
Authors: Leidenhag Mikael
Published: December 2020

Theosis is gaining significant attention in theological research. This article argues that the doctrine of theosis, as it is portrayed in Eastern Orthodox theology, mediates a profoundly teleological vision of both humanity and creation. The telos of human nature and the wider world only makes sense in the light of God’s sovereign plan. Yet, modern science is on the whole reluctant to entertain any broader teleology within or for nature. This situation seems to produce a tension between a central component of Orthodox theology and contemporary science, evolutionary biology in particular. This article seeks to resolve this tension by exploring non-reductionist accounts of evolution, as well as the possibility of grounding teleology in the nature and functions of biological organisms. Thus, it also explores the conceptual shift from “mechanism” to “organism” in biological research. Moreover, as theosis locates the nature of humanity in the light of God’s broader purpose for the world, I make the concluding argument that Eastern Orthodoxy brings with it a well-needed realism regarding the epistemic limitations of the natural sciences.
Toronto School of Theology: Global Connections—Past and Present with Reflections for the Next Fifty Years
Authors: Gordon Dorcas
Published: December 2020

[Figure: see text]

This article focuses on celebrating the global connectedness of the Toronto School of Theology (TST) and its member colleges with some reflections on the next fifty years. Global connections within the member schools initially connected to the missionary endeavours of their founding denominations or orders. More recently, with church support for theological education reduced, the TST member colleges have established their own partnerships and educational initiatives in many parts of the world so that increasingly, the global context, with its questions about the meaning of diversity at TST, has been viewed as an integral part of their mission. With the recent approval of redeveloped educational standards by The Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, more than ever, global awareness and engagement needs to be demonstrated in all areas of a school’s work, including its mission, faculty hiring and development, student assessment, and its use of human and financial resources. This will require TST, as it enters its second semi-millennium, not only to reflect on how it will live out this commitment but, more importantly, in light of a past that has included ethnocentrism and colonialism, to assess how much it is willing to challenge deeply held assumptions and commit to those qualities needed for a respectful and humble engagement with other articulations of theological education.
Lill in Review: A Working Bibliography
Authors: Newman Shelley , Grace Sherrill
Published: December 2020

In this working bibliography for Canadian playwright Wendy Lill, the authors have listed all the primary and secondary work they could locate up to December 2000. Lill has created a substantial body of work that has received professional production but little critical analysis to date. It is hoped that this bibliography will facilitate such analysis.
Anne Nothof, editor. Ethnicities: Plays from the New West
Authors: Hawkins John A
Published: December 2020

In her Introduction, Anne Nothof notes that the title, Ethnicities, "signals that the three plays constitute a departure from the 'norm' of western Canadian plays--rural, realistic, white, Anglo," but they also constitute "the presence of a complex, diverse, and imaginative theatre."
Ric Knowles. The Theatre of Form and the Production of Meaning
Authors: Houston Andrew
Published: December 2020

Ric Knowles--professor, former Chair of Drama, founding member of the Centre for Cultural Studies at the University of Guelph, editor, director, and dramaturge--brings his considerable experience to bear in this thought-provoking examination of contemporary Canadian dramaturgy. His aim is to examine the role of dramatic form, and of play structures in particular, as material agents in shaping (rather than simply reflecting) both consciousness and social formations. For the most part this book succeeds in fulfilling this admirable objective. This is a much-needed study of the political import and impact of an array of contemporary Canadian theatre. Wisely, Knowles makes no claim to national representation in the choice of theatre he examines, and so the book focuses mainly on theatre produced in Ontario and the Maritimes. There are times when one may think of examples of theatre created in other parts of Canada which would better serve the purposes of his analysis; however, this to me is proof that this project is vital and timely. The Theatre of Form and the Production of Meaning has established a foundation for a materialist analysis of Canadian theatre; thus it illuminates some convincing and inspiring ways in which the dramatic text may impact upon the production, reproduction, negotiation, and reformation of the social order.
Appropriated Voice in Sharon Pollock's Angel's Trumpet
Authors: Nothof Anne
Published: December 2020

Dans sa pièce Angel’s Trumpet, Sharon Pollock remet en question la signification du processus d’enregistrement et du sujet enregistré. La vérité réside-t-elle dans notre façon de vivre notre vie, ou dans la multiplicité des moyens à notre disposition pour les enregistrer? Angel’s Trumpet est un autre portrait par Pollock d’une femme créative qui lutte contre les entraves sociales et les rôles qui nous sont attribués pour exprimer ses désirs et ses besoins. Dans ce cas, il s’agit de Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald, peintre, écrivaine, danseuse, épouse et mère. C’est aussi la mise en scène d’une situation dans laquelle quelqu’un approprie la créativité et la vie d’un autre. Encoder en « fiction » la vie d’autrui, est-ce un acte d’exploitation? Scott Fitzgerald transforme en fiction la vie de son épouse Zelda, et quand cette dernière tente de récupérer sa vie dans ses propres écrits, Fitzgerald insiste que la matière lui appartient—tant les mots que la femme. En montrant la résistance de Zelda face à l’appropriation et à l’objectivation de son mari, Pollock révèle comment cette dernière se réinvente continuellement, son être toujours en devenir. Zelda joue sa vie en timide autoportrait.
Stepping on Stiletto: Kaleidoscope, CAPP, and Controversy
Authors: Schweitzer Marlis
Published: December 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux circonstances d’une production en 1996 au Kaleidoscope Theatre de Stiletto, un cabaret destiné aux élèves du secondaire dont le contenu a entraîné des réactions d’outrage auprès de parents et du milieu scolaire. Kaleidoscope participait à l’époque au programme de planification de la carrière et de la planification personnel, ce qui avivait certainement les réactions; le programme venait d’être intégré au syllabus à Victoria et avait sa propre part de problèmes. L’histoire de Stiletto illustre les rapports complexes que peuvent entretenir des compagnies de théâtre jeune public, le système d’écoles publiques et les groupes de parents. Elle met également en relief les défis que devaient surmonter les compagnies de théâtre jeune public en Amérique du Nord pendant la récession de la fin des années 1980 et des années 1990.
Speaking in a Visceral Language: From performer preparation to performance composition
Authors: Mroz Daniel , Astwood Laura
Published: December 2020

This article presents the hypothesis that sophisticated psychophysical training is vital for the development of the creative relationship between the performer and the director.Using a fragment of original performance and with reference to training practices drawn from the Chinese martial arts this presentation explains how the author and his collaborator use psychophysical training to facilitate the creation “theatrical opposition.” Originally a live lecture/demonstration, the article is supplemented by numerous illustrations of practical examples of original performance and Chinese martial arts training.
Introduction
Authors: Beavis Mary Ann , Day Moira
Published: December 2020

This Special Issue on Religion and Theatre in Canada is the result of a Call for Papers originally circulated in 2005 by Moira Day of the Department of Drama, the University of Saskatchewan, and Mary Ann Beavis, Department of Religious Studies andAnthropology, St.ThomasMore College.Religion was broadly defined as that relating to human spirituality, concerned with the divine andwith sacred or holy things, including particular religious traditions, philosophies, institutions or theologies, and the expression of spirituality in ritual, worship, devotion and mystical experience. Theatre was broadly defined as that relating to the creation of dramatic material, as well as its realization in production and performance before a live audience, including amateur, educational, and professional theatre, paratheatrical activities and texts (including closet drama), and the elements of playwriting, acting, directing, costume and scene design, architecture, audience dynamics and theatre management. Through proposing such an issue, the editors hoped to explore the dynamic intersection of religion and theatre as shaped within or by Canada, past and present, as a geographical, human and conceptual reality.