bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNITAS-AEQUALITAS-CONNEXIO: SOBRE A RELAÇÃO ENTRE NICOLAU DE CUSA E THIERRY DE CHARTRES
Authors: Neto José Teixeira
Published: July 2016

Em artigo publicado em 1909, Pierre Duhem “acusou” Nicolau de Cusa de haver “plagiado” Thierry de Chartres. O que chamou a sua atenção foi o fato do De opere sex dierum libellus de Thierry se concluir com uma doutrina trinitária, de aparência pitagórica, na qual a eternidade de Deus se deduz da unidade, enquanto que a geração do Verbo pelo Pai é comparada à produção da própria igualdade pela unidade. No caso do Cusano, essa mesma doutrina aparecerá no primeiro livro do De docta ignorantia (capítulos VII e VIII). Não pretendemos aqui aprofundar nem a doutrina trinitária de Thierry e nem a de Nicolau, mas oportunamente mostraremos que Nicolau de Cusa se apropria dos termos Unitas-Aequalitas-Connexio a partir dos quais especula sobre a Trindade e que o juízo de Duhem sobre a relação entre os dois pensadores precisaria ser repensado.Abstract: In an article published in 1909, Pierre Duhem “accused” Nicholas of Cusa of having”plagiarized” Thierry of Chartres. What caught his attention was the fact that Thierry of Chartres’ De opere sex dierum libellus concluded with a Trinitarian doctrine of Pythagorean appearance, in which the eternity of God is inferred from the unit, while the generation of the Word of the Father is compared to the generation of equality by oneness. In the case of Cusano, the same doctrine appears in the first book of De docta ignorantia (Chapters VII and VIII). We do not intend here to further the authors’ Trinitarian doctrine, we will show, however, that Nicholas de Cusa employs the terms Unitas-Aequalitas-Connexio from which he speculates on the Trinity and that Duhem’s opinion on the relationship between both thinkers ought to be rethought.
A IDEIA DE SISTEMA NO PENSAMENTO CLÁSSICO GREGO (III)
Authors: Aquino Marcelo F. de
Published: July 2016

Esta terceira parte do artigo conclui pesquisa levada a cabo no pensamento de Lima Vaz, tendo como foco a ideia de sistema na Filosofia Clássica grega. Inicia com rápida contextualização do helenismo como quadro referencial histórico do período que vai do século IV ao século I a.C.. Passa, então, a analisar a progressiva eclosão da ideia de sistema no epicurismo e no estoicismo.Abstract: Abstract: This third part of our article concludes the research on the thought of Lima Vaz by focusing on the idea of system in Classic Greek Philosophy. It begins with a brief contextualization of Hellenism as the historical reference frame for the period between the IV century and the I century B.C. Then it analyzes the progressive appearance of the idea of system in Epicureanism and Stoicism.
A EXISTÊNCIA DE DEUS NECESSITA SER DEMONSTRADA? DEUS, FÉ E RAZÃO NO PENSAMENTO DE KIERKEGAARD
Authors: Sousa Domingos Salgado de
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo é um breve estudo da crítica de Kierkegaard à tentativa de demonstrar a existência de Deus pela razão especulativa. Mostrar-se-á que para Kierkegaard a existência de Deus não é uma questão teórica que pode ser racionalmente demonstrada, mas uma realidade eminentemente prática que se manifesta na dimensão ética e religiosa da existência. Embora Kierkegaard refute as provas tradicionais da existência de Deus, ele não nega a possibilidade do conhecimento natural de Deus. Tal conhecimento, contudo, é obtido, não objetivamente pela razão especulativa, mas subjetivamente no próprio processo de existir. Malgrado a crítica severa da tentativa de fornecer uma demonstração racional da existência de Deus, Kierkegaard não propõe uma filosofia meramente edificante; ele utiliza argumentos de natureza prática e antropológica para construir uma filosofia abrangente da existência religiosa e cristã.Abstract: The present article is a brief study on Kierkegaard’s critique of the attempt by speculative reason to demonstrate the existence of God. It will be shown that for Kierkegaard the existence of God is not a theoretical question which can be rationally demonstrated, but an eminently practical reality which discloses itself in the ethical and religious sphere of existence. Although Kierkegaard refutes the traditional proofs for the existence of God, he does not deny the possibility of the natural knowledge of God. Such knowledge, however, is obtained not objectively by the speculative reason but subjectively in the process of existing. Despite his severe critique of the attempt to provide a rational demonstration for the existence of God, Kierkegaard does not offer a mere edifying philosophy, he makes use of arguments of a practical and anthropological nature to construe a comprehensive philosophy of religious and Christian existence.
A FÉ COMO COMPREENSÃO INTUITIVA PESSOAL DO SENTIDO DA REALIDADE
Authors: Mac Dowell João A.
Published: July 2016

O artigo analisa a natureza do ato de fé em Deus, ou seja, da afirmação religiosa de Deus, como condição para examinar posteriormente a sua racionalidade. A fé em Deus é definida como uma modalidade de fé radical, ou seja, de adesão àquilo que representa para cada um o sentido último de sua existência. A fé radical, por sua vez, é entendida como uma intuição intelectual de caráter experiencial e existencial, que tem o caráter de um conhecimento pessoal fundado na evidência, maior o menor, resultante da sintonia entre as disposições do conhecente e aquilo que é assumido por ele como valor supremo. Por fim, são extraídas algumas consequências desta concepção da fé, em relação à sua liberdade e certeza, bem como à sua distinção da confiança.Abstract: This article analyses the nature of the act of faith in God, that is, of the religious affirmation of God, as a necessary condition in order to subsequently examine its rationality. Faith in God is defined as a modality of radical faith, that is, of the adhesion to what represents, for each human being, the ultimate meaning of existence. Radical faith is then understood as the intellectual intuition of an experimental and existential nature which has the characteristic of a personal knowledge based on greater or lesser evidence resulting from the harmony between the knower’s dispositions and what he assumes as supreme value. Finally, some consequences of this conception of faith related to its freedom and certainty, as well as to the distinction between faith and trust will be examined.
OS DOIS PRINCÍPIOS DA MEDIAÇÃO ABSOLUTA
Authors: Santos José Henrique
Published: July 2016

Este ensaio trata do duplo sentido subjacente à doutrina da encarnação. A natureza humano/divina do Cristo indica o percurso da “ascensão especulativa” que precisa ir para chegar a vir: só podeis (v)ir ao Pai por meio de mim. A teologia produz um discurso antecipado que só começa a gerar sentido (para nós) “de baixo para cima”, mas que pressupõe, ao mesmo tempo, a graça do Deus Criador vindo ao encontro do homem. Tento expor, na medida do possível, a severa lógica do discurso dogmático e sua intrínseca racionalidade. A tese implícita no texto supõe sintética a priori a identidade do Pai e do Filho, e não analítica. (Ver referência a Hipólito de Roma).Abstract: This essay focuses on the double meaning underlying the doctrine of incarnation. The human/divine nature of Christ puts us on the path of the “speculative ascent” that needs to come in order do come back: you can only get to the Father through me. Theology produces an anticipated discourse which only starts making sense (for us) “from bottom to top” but that, at the same time, presupposes the grace of the Lord, Lord the Creator who came forth to meet mankind. The attempt here will be to determine, as far as possible, the strict logic of the dogmatic discourse along with its intrinsic rationality. The implicit thesis of the text supposes that the identity of the Father and of the Son is a priori synthetic and not analytic (see the reference to Hippolytus of Rome)
ROMPENDO COM O FASCÍNIO PELO CONCEITO ABSTRATO: ALGUNS MOTIVOS PRÁTICOS E TEÓRICOS NA ELABORAÇÃO DA DIALÉTICA ESPECULATIVA
Authors: Lima Erick
Published: July 2016

Este artigo pretende reconstruir alguns dos motivos práticos e teóricos da dialética hegeliana. Uma introdução geral deve servir ao propósito de delinear os contornos gerais do ponto de vista da dialética especulativa, o que será tentado a partir da apropriação crítica feita por Hegel do conceito kantiano de juízo reflexionante. A partir disso, pretendo apresentar a versão hegeliana do projeto da “filosofia da unificação” enquanto crítica da moral kantiana. Em seguida, o objetivo é mostrar como Hegel antecipa, nos escritos de juventude, uma compreensão da constituição orgânica e intersubjetiva da comunidade. Em terceiro lugar, indicaremos como Hegel vincula a elaboração de sua noção de dialética nas linhas gerais de um diagnóstico das dificuldades de integração social na modernidade política, a serem neutralizadas pelo pensamento de uma articulação imanente entre universal e particular. Finalmente, pretendo concluir com uma discussão de elementos da filosofia da religião no jovem Hegel como preâmbulo da crítica à filosofia da reflexão e do nascedouro do ponto de vista dialético-especulativo. Abstract: Thispaper intends to reconstruct some practical and theoretical issues related to the origins of Hegel´s speculative dialectics. To begin with, I attempt to delineate Hegel´s dialectical point of view out of Hegel´s critical appropriation of Kant´s concept of reflective judgement. Then I present Hegel´s version of the “philosophy of unification” as an attempt to criticize Kant´s moral theory. Thirdly, I argue that Hegel anticipates, in his early writings, his organic concept of community, as well as his late theory of intersubjective mediation of individuality. Then I attempt to develop an interpretation of Hegel´s discussion about the difficulties of social integration in political modernity, as well as about the destruction of traditional ethos by the development of market economy. Finally, I argue that the Philosophy of Religion in the young Hegel establishes the principles of his late critique of the “philosophies of reflection” and constitutes thereby the origin of the dialectical-speculative point of view.
A CAUSALIDADE DO DEUS ARISTOTÉLICO: A PROPÓSITO DA INTERPRETAÇÃO DE ENRICO BERTI A RESPEITO DO PRIMEIRO MOTOR IMÓVEL
Authors: Flannery Kevin L.
Published: July 2016

Em contraposição a Enrico Berti, este artigo defende a interpretação tradicional de que o primeiro motor imóvel é a causa final da primeira esfera celeste. O artigo está dividido em 6 partes: (i) Apresentamos uma síntese da posição de Enrico Berti, tomando-se por base seus artigos a respeito do assunto em 1997 e 2002. (ii) Traz-se à discussão a compreensão que Aristóteles tem a respeito do movimento circular, a partir de duas passagens da física. Para Berti, o movimento da primeira esfera dificulta a compreensão a respeito dela e do primeiro motor imóvel, (iii) Tomamos em consideração Ética Eudêmia I, 8 enquanto afirmação aristotélica de que nenhuma coisa imóvel pode ser "prática", (iv) Enfocando Metafísica XII, 7, observaremos que Berti não levou em conta uma passagem de De sensu et sensibilibus para interpretar este texto da Metafísica, (v) Ao contrário de Berti, veremos que De caelo II 12 se contrapõe à sua posição, (vi) Apresentaremos por fim a conexão entre a causalidade final e causalidade eficiente do primeiro motor imóvel. Com o apêndice, trazemos uma tradução das listas paralelas de De caelo II 12.ABSTRACT: In contraposition to Enrico Berti, this article defends the traditional interpretation of the first unmoved mover is the ultimate cause of the first celestial sphere. The article is divided into 6 parts: (i) present a summary of the Enrico Berti position, taking as a basis Articles on the subject in 1997 and 2002. (ii) brings to the discussion understanding that Aristotle has about the circular motion, from two physical passages. To Berti, the first ball movement difficult to understand about it and the first unmoved mover, (iii) We consider Ethics Eudêmia I, 8 while Aristotelian claim that no immovable object can be "practical", (iv) Focusing on Metaphysics XII, 7, observe that Berti did not take into account a sensu de passing et sensibilibus to interpret this text of Metaphysics, (v) Unlike Berti, we see that de caelo II 12 is opposed to their position, (vi) will present by end to end connection between causality and efficient causality of the first unmoved mover. With the appendix, we present a translation of parallel lists of De caelo II 12.
LIBERTÉ DU MARCHÉ ET COMMUNAUTÉ HUMAINE
Authors: Spitz Jean Fabien
Published: July 2016

Abrégé: Le marché libre est aujourd’hui l’objet d’une critique communautarienne qui cherche à montrer que son extension à tous les aspects de l’existence aboutirait à l’érosion des rapports proprement humains, fondés sur la vivacité des interrogations morales, au profit de relations purement instrumentales et intéressées. Les partisans d’une société de marché ont cependant répondu à ces critiques en soulignant les vertus libératrices de l’échange marchand qui permet aux individus de s’extraire d’un contexte de statuts et de dépendance. L’article reconstitue ce débat et montre pour conclure que si la position des partisans du marché est plausible, elle ne l’est qu’à condition que le marché lui même soit étroitement contrôlé pour garantir l’indépendance des contractants qui y procèdent aux échanges.Abstract: Free market today is the object of a communitarian critique which aims to show that its extension, in all aspects of life, would lead to the erosion of human relationships based on the dynamism of moral questioning and would solely benefit instrumental and self-serving relationships. However, the advocates of a market-oriented society have responded to these critiques by underlying the liberating virtues of market exchanges which allow individuals to move away from a context of statuses and dependency. This article reconstructs the debate and concludes that although the market advocates arguments are plausible, they are only so in a closely controlled market that guarantees the independence of the contracting parties involved in exchanges.
POLÍTICA DE QUEM? QUAL COMUNIDADE?
Authors: Carvalho Helder Buenos Aires de
Published: July 2016

A filosofia moral e política de Alasdair MacIntyre tem sido classificada frequentemente como comunitarista no âmbito do debate ético-político com o liberalismo, a despeito dele recusar textualmente tal alinhamento e empreender crítica a essa posição como conservadora. buscamos justamente precisar a posição de MacIntyre quanto às suas concepções de comunidade e de política, explicitando os pontos principais de sua formulação teórica que a distinguem dos comunitaristas tradicionais e as implicações de sua crítica para pensarmos o lugar e o valor da política e da comunidade na vida das modernas sociedades capitalistas fragmentadas.Abstract: MacIntyre’s Moral and Political Philosophy has often been described as communitarian in the current political and ethical debate with liberalism, and in spite of the author’s written refusal of such an alignment and his critique concerning a position he judged politically conservative. This article will focus on MacIntyre’s conceptions of community and politics by highlighting the main points of his theory, differing from that of classic communitarians, and by looking at the implications of his critique in order to think about the place and value of community and politics in fragmented modern capitalist societies.
A FENOMENOLOGIA DA DISTINÇÃO HUMANA: SCHELER E O PROJETO DA ANTROPOLOGIA FILOSÓFICA
Authors: Aquino Thiago
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a antropologia filosófica de Max Scheler enquanto fenomenologia da distinção humana cuja principal tarefa é a elaboração do conceito essencial do homem, ou seja, a definição do que o separa e o eleva acima da natureza. O artigo divide-se em duas partes: na primeira, apresenta o conceito de antropologia filosófica através da discussão do seu lugar sistemático nas investigações filosóficas; na segunda, desenvolve uma análise da questão da essência humana em correlação com o problema da determinação do seu lugar metafísico no interior da totalidade.  Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the philosophical anthropology of Max Scheler as a phenomenology of human distinction, whose main task is to elaborate the essential concept of the human being, meaning to define what separates humans from Nature and elevates them above Nature. The first part ignoof this article examines the concept of philosophical anthropology through the discussion of its systematic place in philosophical investigation. The second part develops an analysis of the question of human and of the correlated problem of determining the metaphysical place of this essence within the totality.
CONHECIMENTO, CONTEXTOS E PREDICADOS MORAIS
Authors: Rodrigues Tiegüe V.
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Neste texto, eu discuto a plausibilidade de uma interpretação contextualista sobre atribuições e alegações de juízos morais. Após uma breve introdução sobre alguns aspectos gerais concernentes à Epistemologia Moral apresentarei uma abordagem contextualista sobre conhecimento, a saber, a tese contextualista proposta por Stewart Cohen. Em seguida, ofereço uma análise contextualista, análoga à tese epistêmica proposta por Cohen, que pretende lidar de maneira mais adequada com os dados lingüísticos envolvendo alegações e atribuições ordinárias de juízos de moralidade. Posteriormente, apresento algumas críticas que podem ser feitas a esta abordagem sobre o contextualismo moral mostrando que elas não são suficientes para refutá-lo. Finalmente, concluo que o contextualismo moral se configura como uma alternativa plausível para explicar nossa prática ordinária referente às nossas alegações e atribuições de juízos morais. Abstract: In this paper I discuss the plausibility of a contextualist account of moral aOributions. APer a brief introduction to some general aspects concerning moral epistemology I present a contextualist approach to knowledge, namely, the contextualist account proposed by Stewart Cohen. Then I oSer a contextualist analysis, analogous to Cohen`s epistemic account, which aims to deal more adequately with the linguistic data involving ordinary claims and aOributions of morality. Subsequently I present some criticisms to this approach on moral contextualism arguing that they are not suUcient to refute it. Finally, I conclude that moral contextualism is a plausible alternative to explain our ordinary practice about our claims and aOributions concerning moral judgments.
A HISTÓRIA DA FILOSOFIA DO BRASIL COLÔNIA, O LIVRO DE PAULO MARGUTTI
Authors: De Carvalho José Maurício
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O livro de Paulo Margutti traz uma leitura da história da filosofia praticada no Brasil Colônia guiada pela referência ideológica de Walter Mignolo, além da unidade temática encontrada entre os autores. Ele confere relevância à visão de mundo dos negros e indígenas entendendo que ela contribui para a formação da filosofia brasileira e estabelece, finalmente, diálogo com alguns de nossos mais conhecidos historiadores da filosofia brasileira. Abstract: Paulo Margu-i’s book oMers a reading of how philosophy was undertaken in Colonial Brazil. Ideologically, the work is guided by the ideas of Walter Mignolo with whom the author has a thematic unity. Margutti gives relevance to the worldview both of Africans and indigenous people, and show how their vision contributes to the formation of Brazilian philosophy. Finally, he establishes a dialogue with some of the most renowned historians of Brazilian philosophy.
Competency Based Education and Training: A Fresh Green Leaf from the Australian Context for TVET in Africa
Authors: Edwin Obwoge Makworo
Published: July 2016

The labour market in most developing countries in Africa has experienced challenges of qualified human resource to carry out their desired functions. The academic institutions are supposed to produce graduates who would readily fit into the job market. The TVET institutions were designed to produce graduates with technical skills to work in the industrial sector and other sectors of the economy in order to accelerate economic development. However there have been many complaints from many employers on non-competence of most TVET graduates and this has seriously incapacitated economic development in Africa. Many employers have to spend time retraining the TVET graduates which wastes time and resources that would have been used in production. This paper reviews literature on competence based education and training and draws important lessons for application, policy formulation and improvement in the African systems. Competency-based education could serve as a game changer in Technical and Vocational Education, delivering high-quality education experiences that lead to demonstrated learning and mastery at an affordable price.
Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping Styles: A Study of Doctors of Private Hospitals in and Around Chandigarh
Authors: Sharma Ritu , Kumar Parmod
Published: July 2016

Emotional Intelligence, or EI, describes an ability or capacity to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of one’s self, and of others.  Goleman describes emotional intelligence as "managing feelings so that they are expressed appropriately and effectively, enabling people to work together smoothly toward their common goals." According to Goleman, the four major skills that make up emotional intelligence are: Self-Awareness, Self-Management, Social Awareness and Relationship Management.  Stress is a fact of life and is inevitable in this competitive world. From individual point of view stress is our body’s physical, chemical and mental reaction to circumstances that frighten, confuse, endanger or irritate us. It can lead to physiological discomfort, some kind of emotional unhappiness, and even strained relationship with others. EI has been linked with various stress coping strategies particularly rational/problem focused coping. The link between EI and stress is also established in the academic literature. Stress Coping strategies refer to the specific efforts, both behavioral and psychological, that people employ to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize stressful events. Proposed study is an attempt to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and stress coping styles among doctors of private hospitals in and around Chandigarh.
A Comprehensive Study of Selected Organized Retail Outlets at Gujarat: Human Resource Management Perspective
Authors: Prajapati Sandip G.
Published: July 2016

At the beginning of 21st century, Indian retail sector is one of the fastest emerging sectors in India. Organized retail sector is growing at sound rate. Foreign players are also motivated to enter in to Indian market, which ultimately increase the competition at domestic market. Our Prime Minister Narendra modi declared 100% FDI in retail sector. Due to this tuff competition and dynamics of consumer behavior organized retail store owners need to observe human force management at their work place. They need to observe motivation, compensation and performance evaluation systems and its impact over human force. Present paper attempt to analyze this by taking 200 samples from different cities of Gujarat. For this research descriptive single cross sectional research design was selected. Hypothesis and co relationship between two factors where done. In conclusion Workplace flexibility, flexi timings, job promotions opportunity, job enlargement & enrichment, fairly monetary targets and salary & gift or compensations will motivate the employees at organized retail sector.           
Next-Generation Kick Detection During Connections: Influx Detection at Pumps Stop (IDAPS) Software
Authors: Tarr B. A. , Ladendorf D. W. , Sanchez D.. , Milner G. M.
Published: July 2016

At least 25% of all influx events on deepwater wells occur while making connections, but few deepwater rig contractors use kick-detection alarms to alert the driller during a connection (Fraser et al. 2014; Brakel et al. 2015). Because of the transient-flow characteristics associated with connections, kick detection during connections is the most challenging to automate effectively. The Influx Detection at Pumps Stop (IDAPS) software was developed to provide early warning of abnormal flowback conditions during connections. Available flow-in, flow-out, pit volume, bit depth, and hole-depth real-time data are used as input data. Particular attention was paid to achieving high probability of detection (PD) at low false-alarm rates (FARs) to minimize nuisance alarms, and fast influx-detection times to reduce kick volumes. The use of IDAPS to reliably detect a formation-fluid influx has improved safety, operational efficiency, and driller situational awareness. IDAPS has been deployed in an operator's real-time operations center for monitoring critical offshore wells since 2014.

During IDAPS operation, pumps-off occurrences are automatically detected from the ramp-down of pump strokes, and saved as unique events. Machine-learning algorithms are applied to recent pumps-off event flow-out and pit-volume data patterns to adaptively calculate limits for “normal” events. The adaptive nature of these limits allows IDAPS processing to adjust to changes such as increasing hole depth. Each new pumps-off event is evaluated in real-time, and statistically meaningful deviations from the recent “normal” limits generate corresponding possible influx notifications at one of four confidence levels (low, medium, high, and confirmed). In addition, on the basis of data-pattern-recognition algorithms, the software detects and notifies the user of circulation-system data-validity issues that could otherwise impair influx-detection performance [e.g., a malfunctioning flow sensor (including sticking of the commonly used flow-out paddle-style flow sensor)], inconsistent pit volume gains, and others. Overlay plots of current and historical flow and pit-volume data have been shown to be valuable in significantly reducing the time required by the user to validate anomalous pumps-off event data automatically identified by IDAPS.

On the basis of an extensive validation process, that included more than 1,300 historical pumps-off events, the demonstrated FAR for IDAPS was 1 per 195 connections with a 100% influx-detection rate, with an associated confirmed influx-detection time as fast as 84 seconds after pumps stopped.
Changing The Dynamics of Performance Management - The Micro KPI Concept
Authors: Benyeogor Ogochukwu , Majekodunmi Ayodeji , Ivan Ambakederemo , Charles Ibeku , Eze Nnadozie
Published: July 2016

The current volatility in the oil and gas sector underscores the importance of delivering consistent top quartile performance. To remain competitive, a robust performance management plan prior to drilling is key to successfully completing the project in time and under budget. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have historically been used to evaluate well construction performance. KPI targets are set to evaluate cost, time and quality of drilling operations.

In The Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), a benchmark method using the actual regional average performance data of similar wells drilled in the African region is used to generate high-level KPI targets (Macro KPIs) in terms of cost and time for ‘dry hole’ drilling. This method is recognised globally for target-setting and provides inputs used in forming a business plan. However, the use of Macro KPI targets to communicate performance requirements at the wellsite has been observed not to be as effective as required, since it does not clearly articulate performance required at the micro task level. It also does not allow effective real time monitoring of daily wellsite activities, making traditional performance monitoring retrospective.

Micro KPIs are measures of smaller, repetitive actions that when added up, contribute a significant proportion of the time to drill a well. Breaking each phase of the drilling project into Micro KPIs (Tripping time, Running Tubular, BOP Testing and Handling, BHA Handling etc.) easily shows what it takes to win; what the sources of competitive advantage are; and what drives value. In order to make the transition from Macro to Micro KPI-based performance management flawless, the challenge of standardising Micro KPI target-setting needs to be addressed. This paper builds on the traditional performance management process, and by leveraging existing benchmark data, presents a process of generating and setting Micro KPIs for the drilling phase in an empirical and replicable manner.
Improved Short Term Oil Production Forecast – Application of Well Decline Rates to Generate Field Decline Rate
Authors: Jaja Adagogo J. , Oguntona Bayo , Eme Vincent
Published: July 2016

Overtime the reliability of production forecast had been a major challenge in the oil industry. Reliable production forecast is critical part of planning and decision making in the oil and gas industry. Only about 45% of production forecast meet its target rate and reserves. With oil prices fluctuation there is huge value to be created in production forecast numbers that are reliable for business plan purpose.

Area A has wells under natural production, artificial lift (gas lift) and reservoirs under waterflood. The field historical oil production span over 50 years. Clearly there is need for reliable production forecast for business plan for these matured fields.

Up to 2011 field decline rates (determined from field decline curve analysis (DCA)) and the current production rates were used for production forecast. The use of this method showed actual oil production outside the forecasted production range at the confidence level of P10 and P90. To improve the production forecast reliability to be within the range of confidence level of P10 to P90 the methodology was reviewed and a new method was proposed to determine the field decline rate using roll-up of well by well decline rate by statistical method and incorporate uncertainties in the production start rate range.

This paper will share the applicability of roll-up well by well decline rate to determine field decline rates used for a reliable production forecast range confidence level (P10, P50 and P90) for short term business plan by incorporating the uncertainties from known historical planned and unplanned downtime. The result from this method showed improvement in production forecast by actual production always within the range of P10 to P90 in the last three years.
In-Fill Drilling in Deepwater GoG Development: A Systematic Approach to Collision Avoidance
Authors: Alaekwe Ewelike
Published: July 2016

Today, directional drilling, with no doubts, has brought massive benefits –ultimately has helped to increase reserves, increase production with even fewer number of wells, reduce cost, reduce footprint and environmental impact.

With its enormous benefits also is a risk –the risk of well collision. With the advances made in directional drilling and wellbore surveying the probability of occurrence has been reduced significantly and both service companies and clients have come up with policies to ensure that the risk is kept at ALARP.

Today, three parameters are widely used for collision risk assessment: separation factor, minimum separation distance and centre-to-centre distance. There are different methods used for calculating these parameters and the minimum acceptable value are defined by clients and directional drilling service companies.

The deepwater (GoG) development under review in this paper was developed using the subsea production manifold system. The wells were drilled and tied through a jumper to the manifold; each manifold has six slots. This implied that for every manifold, at least six wells will be closely spaced and thus posing the risk of collision especially during tophole and surface hole sections.

However, at the initial development plan, the well trajectories have been optimized to ensure there were little or no collision concerns as defined by the company rules on what is minimum acceptable separation factor and minimum separation distance. So deploying directional drilling technologies and high accuracy wellbore surveying tools, the initial wells were drilled without any collision concerns.

However, 6years after the first oil, the asset management team has asked for in-fill wells in a drive to increase production and improve recovery. This brought with it special collision concerns; special because these wells are in production and are all tied to an FPSO. Any collision incident will be very catastrophic.

This called for a thorough planning and a more systematic approach to ensure that the in-fill wells are drilled without colliding with existing wells. This paper is aimed at highlighting the systematic approach used to manage this inherent collision risks from the planning to execution of these in-fill wells. A total of 8 in-fill wells have been drilled successfully without any collision.

The success of the systematic approach is largely from the synergy built amongst the client, the drilling contractor, the directional drilling and surveying company in developing and implementing it. At this point, it this has been proven that collision avoidance is not just about solving equations and making calculations (in fact there are different methods for calculating the three defining parameters) but a systematic procedure that must be put in place from the planning, execution to post-execution.
Focused Ingenuity Accelerates Production
Authors: Olayomi A. J. , Ogidi E. O.
Published: July 2016

In early 2003, NNPC/Chevron Nigeria Limited Joint Venture swamp production had grown to over one hundred thousand barrels per day of oil and associated gas and water. However, all operations ceased in March 2003 as a result of civil unrest and security concerns. Production was fully suspended and all field personnel were evacuated. Subsequently, many Swamp facilities and flowlines were severely damaged, rendering all Swamp Assets inoperable.

In 2004, a dedicated cross-functional team began work to restore full swamp operations resulting in ramping up of base production to over fifty percent of the shut-in production within 2 years primarily due to successful execution of three key re-entry strategies.

Re-establish a secure operating environment. Restore production through a phased re-entry approach, building on successes and lessons learned. Applying ingenuity to accelerate production.

This paper will discuss the focused ingenuity and associated best practices employed in 2004 and also the lessons learned that have accelerated a Nigerian Swamp Field production, while ensuring prudent reservoir management is maintained.

Some of the best practices to discuss include:

The establishment of a cross-functional team to manage re-entry activities Establishment of the Global Memorandum of Understandin (GMoU) Continuous scenario planning with key stakeholders to ensure doable contingencies are matured and can be readily implemented Novel application of technologies such as first application of multiphase flowmeters for well testing and production optimization and integration with permanent downhole gauges pressure data to meet regulatory requirements. Ingenuity in field and project management that consistently delivers incremental benefits.

This paper will also review some of the challenges encountered and the steps taken to overcome them and ensure a secure operating environment through a robust community engagement program.
A Nonlinear Flowing Material Balance for Analysis of Gas Well Production Data
Authors: Molokwu V. C. , Onyekonwu M. O.
Published: July 2016

This paper discusses and evaluates a fast, reliable and conservative method of estimating the gas initially in place; reservoir properties—permeability, drainage area and skin for volumetric dry-gas reservoirs using a nonlinear flowing material balance and in the absence of a representative average reservoir pressure history.

This approach uses reliable pseudopressure-normalized rate (PPNR) vs. pseudopressure-normalized cumulative production (PPNC) data. In theory, it considers a pseudopressure-normalized (PPNR) rate vs. pseudopressure-normalized pseudocumulative production (PPNPC). A modification to existing theory is to use a pseudocumulative production function, a polynomial which accounts for variations of the viscosity-compressibility product with fractional recovery. This function transforms the flowing material balance to a nonlinear equation. Pseudosteady-state data are used and matched by polynomial regression on spreadsheets to obtain the various coefficients of the nonlinear equation. The production characteristics are then inferred from the constant and the coefficient of the unit exponent. The 3rd and 4th degree nonlinear equations have shown to give excellent results based on the depletion characteristics of the reservoir. This theoretical-empirical approach can easily be adopted in production data analysis and will predict reliably whilst ensuring a reduction in production data noise and the rigours of digital type-curve matching. We demonstrate the application of this method using simulated and field production data.
Case History - Metal Expandable Annular Barrier for Zonal Isolation in Challenging Cement Operation in West Africa
Authors: Bagal Joseph , Dulic Almir , Onadeko Olugbenga
Published: July 2016

It is well recognized that a failed isolation can have detrimental consequences on HSE, well productivity, and life of the well.

This paper presents the case history of a metal expandable annular barrier used to provide cement assurance via a hydraulic seal in a challenging side-tracked well in West Africa. The initial well was shut in shortly after being brought on production due to excessive precipitation of scale. Investigations identified a shallow formation separated from the production zone by a thin shale section, and prompted questions on the effectiveness of the cement across the production casing. The metal expandable barrier was then selected to assure sealing in the side-tracked well. Two barriers were mounted on the 9-5/8" casing and deployed through the milled window. Following the cement operation, hydraulic pressure was applied to expand rapidly the sleeve bodies in wet cement and set against the 12 ¼" borehole thereby creating an impenetrable seal. The sealing was ultimately confirmed by the absence of scale during production compared to the previous experience of shut-in after only 18 hours of production.

The barriers are seal backed stainless steel sleeves. The expansion process increases the differential pressure capabilities of the packers due to work hardening of the metal sleeves. This also provides a high degree of anchoring. The barriers are full-bore, highly customizable, and are tested ISO14310. The application was for cement assurance but this technology is also applied as zonal isolation in cement-less completions. The metallurgy allows the packer to shape fit into either an open hole with irregular geometry or inside a casing to preclude annular pressure build up by giving a life-of-well reliable seal. Stopping migrating fluids behind pipe has become a critical HSE issue to the industry.

The application of this technology allows preventing loss of life and resources.
Onshore Condensate Well Production Testing and Analysis: A Tool for Optimal Reservoir Management
Authors: Agbaka O. O. , Dala J. A.
Published: July 2016

Considering that well test is an asset evaluation tool, condensate well testing is designed to address the uncertainties in retrograde performance with respect to various flow regimes under certain completion strategies and surface facility design. Condensate banking/trapping around the near wellbore due to liquid dropout (heavy end fraction condensation resulting to high reduction in effective gas permeability), the desire critical condensate saturation to re-establish mobility, the effect of interfacial tension and the capillary pressure present between the immiscible fluids can be observed and possibly addressed from well testing and analysis. A designed pressure scheme suitable to reduce productivity losses is adequately advisable from well test. Well test (which is a variation in sand phase pressure with time) can be used to determine: the dynamism in rock and fluid properties, underground withdrawals and cash flow. It could also serve as a factor for joint venture agreement and sale/purchase of assets. These achievements are based on excellent reservoir/well management initiated by accurate performance interpretation and forecast. The discussion of this paper is centered in the use of production testing and analysis for enhance condensate reservoir/well management.

Various evaluation criteria's (Reservoir Deliverability, Well Productivity and Completion Strategies) were deployed in the characterization of the reservoir/well performance using simulated field data. However, back pressure, process facility design, surface data recordings and sample analysis under selected surface operating conditions were used to simulate the well stream process.

This research has been able to shown that: production well testing and analysis can be used to determine the maximum attainable drawdown that will increase production and delay condensate liquid dropout around the wellbore. The similarities and variations in the results obtained from Maximum Efficiency Rate (MER) test and Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) test as regards the aforementioned criteria's considering condensate behavior and the necessary maintenance (pressure, completion, wellhead etc) that will be required to sustain and/or improve production performance has been discussed.
Harnessing Reservoir Heat Using Nanofluid Flooding to Bypass Wax Production
Authors: Obode Elizabeth I. , Ifalade Juwon
Published: July 2016

Wax production has been a major problem of crude oil production in the Petroleum industry. Its formation is very undesirable as it clogs pipelines and considerably reduces rock permeability and oil recovery.

Conventional methods of wax involve heating pipeline at intervals to melt the wax or treating the produced crude using dewaxing agents. However, these methods are sometimes expensive and are unable to take care of wax deposited along the tubulars in the subsurface.

This paper seeks to prevent wax production by ensuring that the produced crude remains infinitesimally close to reservoir temperature at every point from the production point downhole to the separator.

The methodology involves sending in nanofluid through the oil column.

Nanofluid is a mixture of nano (10−9) sized metallic particles and a base fluid of choice mixed using a two-step method that ensures that the nanofluid is mixed to a good consistency.

As the nanofluid interacts with the reservoir, it is brought into thermal equilibrium with the reservoir. As both nanofluid and oil flow to the surface, the nanofluid keeps the oil in thermal equilibrium with itself.

Heat loss along the conduit is minimal because of heat transfer through radiation from the reservoir to the fluids which further maintains nanofluid at a temperature infinitesimally close to reservoir temperature.

The authors advice that compatibility tests should be run with the nanoparticle of choice to ensure that crude composition is not changed.
The Impact of Loop/Time Pick Uncertainty in Reservoir Development
Authors: Oghomienor Efe , Osuagwu Inaingo , Ozoemene Uchechukwu , Esho Muyiwa
Published: July 2016

One of the key uncertainties associated with a subsurface study is structural uncertainty, especially as it relates to resource volume estimation and reservoir connectivity across a structure of interest. Connectivity and volumetrics therefore play a key role in determining the viability of projects as they have impact on hydrocarbon recovery, well count and project economics. Hence, a robust and realistic understanding of the structural configuration of an area of interest in a subsurface study cannot be over emphasised. Seismic interpretation is done to define the structural configuration of an area of interest and a key stage in the seismic interpretation process is the loop picking stage. Loop picking can be particularly challenging when there is minimal well control, poor seismic data or a plague of bifurcating loops (doublets) around the area of interest.

The Zed_X1 reservoir (the subject of this paper) is a gas reservoir located in a Partially-Appraised Field (PAF) in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. As is typical of PAFs, the Zed_X1 field has limited subsurface data (only two well penetrations in the hydrocarbon accumulation) hence high structural uncertainty away from well control. One of the critical aspects of structural uncertainties in this reservoir is the depth of the saddle which occurs in the middle of the reservoir. On seismic, the area around the saddle occurs as doublets. Any of these doublets will translate into different reservoir volumetrics and thus development scenarios as the structure is generally flat. That is, picking the shallower bifurcating loop will generate a single culmination that can be drained by one drainage point, while picking the deeper one will translate into a deeper saddle that splits the culmination into two unconnected accumulations, hence requiring two drainage points to maximise development. The shallower arm of the doublet and deeper arm of the doublet loop interpretations were carried out and validated by wells that penetrated the structure, particularly the two wells that logged the same Gas Water Contact (GWC) on either side of the saddle.

This paper documents the potential impact that Loop Picking uncertainty can have on reservoir development decisions. The full range of resource volumes and connectivity is presented by generating different scenarios in the saddle area. The impact of this on the development of the field and on project economics is also highlighted.
Development of Recovery Factor Model For Water Drive and Depletion Drive Reservoirs in The Niger Delta
Authors: Onolemhemhen R. U. , Isehunwa S. O. , Salufu S. O.
Published: July 2016

Recovery factor of an oil reservoir is paramount for accurate reserves estimation and field development planning. It is usually estimated using expensive simulation or experimental studies. However, most published models account for only primary recovery. This study is therefore designed to develop a correlation model that can estimate recovery factor under both primary and secondary recovery from oil reservoirs in the Niger Delta having water and depletion drive mechanisms.

For this study, the models for recovery factor were established using statistical correlation of data collected from 136 oil reservoirs in the Niger Delta. A sensitivity analysis was performed on different parameters affecting recovery factor of water and depletion drive reservoirs. The results obtained were compared to other published models.

The results show that for both water and solution gas drive reservoirs; oil viscosity and residual oil saturation do have a strong correlation with recovery factor, while pressure, API gravity and gas oil ratio do have a strong correlation with recovery factor only in solution gas drive reservoirs. Results also show that no statistical correlation exists between formation volume factor, reservoir thickness, porosity, permeability, initial water saturation, temperature, water viscosity and recovery factor. The novelty of the recovery factor models is its ability to estimate secondary recovery factor for oil reservoirs that have been subjected to water injection.

However, the models developed in this study should be valid also to oil reservoirs in other regions having similar geological characteristics.