bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL PARENTING TERHADAP KECEMASAN ORANG TUA YANG MEMPUNYAI ANAK PENYANDANG THALASSEMIA MAYOR DI RSUD MAJALENGKA
Authors: Hijriani Hera
Published: March 2022

Thalassemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang dapatmemberikan dampak emosional, psikologis dan ekonomi kepada keluarga. Sekitar 68.000 anak-anak di dunia dilahirkan dengan berbagai sindrom thalassemia setiap tahunnya dan yang paling lazim adalah β-thalassemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh psychoeducational parenting terhadap kecemasan orang tua yang mempunyai anak penyandang thalassemia mayor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperiment dengan menggunakan pendekatan pretest and posttest with control group design.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 42 responden yang terdiri dari 21 kontrol dan 21 eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh psychoeducational parenting terhadap kecemasan orang tua yang mempunyai anak penyandang thalassemia mayor (p Value 0,006). Tidak ada pengaruh faktor usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatankeluarga, dan keberadaan anak penyandang thalassemia dalam keluarga terhadap kecemasan orang tua yang mempunyai anak penyandang thalassemia mayor. Pemberian psychoeducational parenting menunjukkan penurunan skor kecemasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan konseling secara konvensional. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlu ditingkatkan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan edukasi kepada orang tua sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan anak.
DETERMINAN KUALITAS HIDUP PADA PEREMPUAN YANG SUDAH MEMASUKI MASA MENOPAUSE DI UPTD PUSKESMAS ARGAPURA KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Nuryawati Lina Siti , Nurbaeti Dewi , Nurlaela Nurlaela
Published: March 2022

Menopause merupakan proses penuaan alami yang memerlukan pemeliharaankesehatan yang optimal. Rendahnya pemeliharaan kesehatan menopause berdampakterhadap penurunan kualitas hidup. Pemeliharaan kesehatan menopause di UPTDPuskesmas Argapura tahun 2016 masih rendah sebesar 11,8% dengan rata-rata kualitashidup 67,9. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan kualitas hidup padaperempuan yang sudah memasuki masa menopause di UPTD Puskesmas ArgapuraKabupaten Majalengka Tahun 2017.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini yaitu seluruh ibu usia menopause yangberhenti haid antara 1-2 tahun berjumlah 80 orang. Data yang digunakan adalah dataprimer mengunakan kuesioner dan sekunder dari laporan data puskesmas. Analisis datamenggunakan univariat melalui tendensi sentral, distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariatmelalui uji r korelasi spearman.Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa determinan kualitas hidup pada perempuanyang sudah memasuki masa menopause dengan rata-rata total kualitas hidup (70.6),kurang dari setengahnya gejala fisik kategori berat (46,3%), setengahnya gangguanpsikologis kategori berat (50,0%), kurang dari setengahnya tingkat pendidikan rendah(48,8%), kurang dari setengahnya penghasilan rendah (46,3%). Ada hubungan gejala fisik(ρ 0,000), gangguan psikologi (ρ 0,000), dan tingkat pendidikan (ρ 0,001), danpenghasilan (ρ 0,003)dengan kualitas hidup pada perempuan yang sudah memasuki masamenopause di UPTD Puskesmas Argapura Kabupaten Majalengka Tahun 2017Saran diajukan bagi pihak kesehatan agar meningkatkan kualitas hidupmenopause pada posbindu melalui konseling dan penyuluhan, pemeriksaan medis, bagiibu agar menjaga dan merawat kesehatannya diantaranya mengurangi tingkat stress, aktifmelakukan konsultasi dan konseling, konsumsi makanan yang bergizi, mengurangiaktivitas berlebihan dan meningkatkan olah raga secara rutin.
HUBUNGAN PERAN ORANG TUA SEBAGAI CAREGIVER DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP ANAK KANKER DI YAYASAN KASIH ANAK KANKER INDONESIA (YKAKI) BANDUNG
Authors: Saraswati Anisa , Nurhidayah Ikeu , Lukitasari Depi
Published: March 2022

Kanker merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian 90.000 anak setiap tahunnya di dunia. Pada saat anak terdiagnosa kanker sampai dengan anak menjalani program pengobatan akan berpengaruh besar terhadap kualitas hidup anak secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapatnya hubungan peran orang tua sebagai caregiver dengan kualitas hidup anak kanker di YKAKI Bandung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik total sampling sehingga didapatkan sampel sebanyak 30 responden. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner peran orang tua sebagaicaregiver serta kuesioner pedsQL 4.0 (Parents Report). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 53,3% responden dinyatakan menjalankan perannya sebagai caregiver dengan baik,50% responden dinyatakan kualitas hidup anaknya baik, serta hubungan peran orang tua sebagai caregiver dengan kualitas hidup anak kanker memiliki p-value 0,000. Kesimpulannya terdapat hubungan antara peran orang tua sebagai caregiver dengan kualitas hidup anak kanker di YKAKI Bandung. Diharapkan untuk para orang tua agar lebih meningkatkan perannya lagi sebagai caregiver dalam merawat anak kanker dengan cara tidak melewatkan jadwal pengobatan anak yang sudah ditentukan, selalu bertanya akan perasaan anak sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan, mengawasi aktivitas anak sehari- hari anakmengingat pengobatan kanker membutuhkan jangka waktu yang panjang dan berdampak pada banyak hal termasuk fungsi-fungsi dari kualitas hidup anak kanker.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS TALAGA KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Handriana Idris
Published: March 2022

Pneumonia adalah penyebab umum kematian pada anak kecil di seluruh dunia. Kejadianpneumonia di Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2017 paling banyak terdapat di UPTDPuskesmas Talaga yaitu 362 (8.26%) dari jumlah anak sebanyak 4.379 orang. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS)dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas TalagaKabupaten Majalengka Tahun 2018.Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik dengan menggunakanpendekatan case control.Besar sampel dengan menggunakan perbandingan 1 : 1diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 kasus (balita pneumonia) dan 60 kontrol (balitayang tidak mengalami pneumonia). Analisis datanya meliputi analisis univariat dengandistribusi proporsi dan analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square dan odd ratio.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi balita yang mengalami pneumonia denganibu yang PHBS-nya kurang baik (53,3%) lebih tinggi dibanding balita yang tidakmengalami pneumonia dengan ibu yang PHBS-nya kurang baik (31,7%). Ada hubunganantara Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balitadi Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Talaga Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2018 dengan value = 0,016 dan OR = 2,466.Petugas kesehatan perlu menjaga dan meningkatkan program MTBS untuk menanganipneumonia serta meningkatkan promosi kesehatan kepada masyarakat denganmengadakan penyuluhan dan konseling, serta bagi ibu balita jika anaknya mengalamigejala pneumonia agar segera dibawa ke puskesmas atau rumah sakit untuk mendapatkanpertolongan dan penanganan dengan tepat.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG KONSEP BHINNEKA TUNGGAL IKA DENGAN SIKAP PEMUDA DALAM MENGHADAPI PERBEDAAN SUKU DI PERUMAHAN BUMI CIKAL ASIH DESA CIKALONG KECAMATAN SUKAHAJI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Permana Ujang
Published: March 2022

Perbedaan antar suku merupakan salah satu ciri khas masyarakat di Indonesia. Dalam esensinya, perbedaan ini tentunya akan menimbulkan sebuah karakteristik kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara namun di sisi lain dengan keadaan masyarakat yang berbeda-beda suku, adat, kebiasaan dan budaya yang berbeda-beda tersebut dapat menimbulkan konflik, yakni konflik suku, agama, dan ras (SARA). Berdasarkan hal yang disebutkan di atas, maka peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian yang berjudul “Hubungan Pengetahuan tentang Konsep Bhinneka Tunggal Ika dengan Sikap Pemuda dalam Menghadapi Perbedaaan suku di Perumahan Bumi Cikal Asih Desa Cikalong Kecamatan Sukahaji Kabupaten Majalengka pada tahun 2017”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana hubungan pengetahuan konsep Bhinneka Tunggal Ika dengan sikap pemuda dalam menghadapi perbedaan suku di Perumahan Bumi Cikal Asih Desa Cikalong Kecamatan Sukahaji Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2017. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat terutama manfaat secara teoritis yang mengembangkan konsep ilmu pendidikan khususnya Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan yang mengkaji tentang nilai moral dan Pancasila, karena membahas pemahaman Bhinneka Tunggal Ika dalam meningkatkan kehidupan yang rukun dan toleransi antar suku dalam menjalin hubungan sosial di masyarakat. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pemuda di Perumahan Bumi Cikal Asih Majalengka. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah RAE sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 64 pemuda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat dijelaskan bahwa terdapat hubungan pengetahuan tentang konsep Bhinneka Tunggal Ika dengan sikap pemuda dalam menghadapi perbedaan suku di Perumahan Bumi Cikal Asih Desa Cikalong Kecamatan Sukahaji Kabupaten Majalengka Tahun 2017. Dengan baiknya tingkat pengetahuan pemuda tentang konsep Bhinneka Tunggal Ika sangat berpengaruh pada pola sikap mereka dalam menghadapi perbedaan suku di perumahan Bumi Cikal Asih Majalengka.
PENGARUH PIJAT OKSITOSIN DENGAN INVOLUSI UTERI PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI SIDOARJO
Authors: Purwanti Yanik
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya AKI setelah persalinan yang disebabkan oleh perdarahan. Kematian pada masa nifas sebesar 76,92% hal ini menduduki urutan pertama. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan di BPM Nuril Masrukah, dari 8 orang ibu nifas menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat 3 orang ibu nifas yang mengalami subinvolusi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan involusi uteri pada ibu post partum yang dipijat dan tidak dipijat oksitosin. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian eksperimen semu atau dengan rancangan non randomized posttest without control group design. Pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Sampel berjumlah 30 orang ibu post partum normal yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok, yaitu 15 sampel dilakukan pijat oksitosin dan sisanya 15 sampel tanpa dilakukan pijat oksitosin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang dipijat oksitosin sebanyak 86,6% involusi uterinya normal dan yang tidak dipijat oksitosin sebesar 60% involusi uterinya normal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan uji fisher’s exact P = 0,215 lebih besar dari 0,05 yang artinya tidak ada perbedaan antara ibu yang dipijat dan tidak dipijat oksitosin. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa involusi uteri pada ibu post partum yang dipijat oksitosin hampir seluruhnya normal dan yang tidak dipijat oksitosin sebagian besar adalah normal. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara involusi uteri ibu post partum yang dipijat dan tidak dipijat oksitosin. Hal ini disebabkan ada faktor lain yang mempengaruhi involusi uteri seperti mobilisasi dini, IMD, usia, paritas, status gizi, sisa plasenta, efek oksitosin, jenis persalinan dan kondisi psikososial.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG IUD POST PLASENTA PADA IBU HAMIL SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENYULUHAN DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS ARGAPURA KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Natalia Lia , Antriana Inna
Published: March 2022

IUD Post plasenta adalah IUD yang dipasang dalam waktu 10 menit pertama sampai 48 jam setelah plasenta lahir atau sebelum penjahitan uterus/rahim pada Post persalinan dan Post keguguran di fasilitas kesehatan. Di UPTD Puskesmas Argapura tahun 2015 IUD sebesar 3,11%, tahun 2017 sebesar 0,45% dan tahun 2018 sebesar 5,04, walaupun mengalami kenaikan IUD namun tidak ada yang menggunakan IUD post plasenta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang IUD post plasenta sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan di UPTD Puskesmas Argapura tahun 2019. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasy eksperimen dengan rancangan one grup pretest dan posttest. Populasinya dan sampelnya adalah ibu hamil trimester 3 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Juni 2019 di UPTD Puskesmas Argapura. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji T berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengetahuan tentang KB IUD Post Plasenta pada ibu hamil sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan (t hitung (7.070) > t tabel dan  value (0,000) < α 0.05) serta rata-rata perbedaan mencapai 21.66. Berdasarkan nilai Paired Samples Correlations diketahui sebesar 0.337 yang berarti pengaruh pengetahuan tentang KB IUD Post Plasenta pada ibu hamil sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan sebesar 33,7%. Bagi petugas kesehatan perlu meningkatkan penyuluhan tentang KB IUD Post Plasenta dengan metode yang lebih menarik seperti menggunakan leaflet, poster atau audio visual sehingga akseptor lebih tertarik terhadap KB IUD Post Plasenta. Bagi akseptor, sebaiknya melakukan konsultasi kepada petugas kesehatan untuk memperoleh informasi yang lengkap mengenai jenis-jenis kontrasepsi terutama tentang KB IUD Post Plasenta.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Perawat dalam Pelaksanaan SOP Pemasangan Infus di Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Majalengka
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: March 2022

Kepatuhan terhadap prosedur tetap pemasangan infus adalah ketaatan perawat dalam melaksanakan tahapan kegiatan pemasangan infus yang telah ditetapkan oleh rumah sakit. Kepatuhan individu secara umum dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal yaitu umur, jenis kelamin, agama, tingkat pendidikan, status perkawinan, sikap, persepsi kepribadian, kemampuan, motivasi dan faktor eksternal yaitu organisasi, kelompok, pekerjaan dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan perawat dalam pelaksanaan SOP pemasangan infus di Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Majalengka Kabupaten Majalengka dan hubungan antara faktor-faktor tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif korelatif desain cross sectional dengan sampel 96 perawat. Penelitian ini melibatkan variabel dependen kepatuhan perawat dan variabel independen faktor umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja dan motivasi perawat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran perawat 76,0% patuh, 24,0% tidak patuh, 52,1%, umur > 30 tahun, 47,9%, umur ≤ 30 tahun, 59,4% perempuan 40,6% laki-laki, 83,3% pendidikan rendah,16,7% pendidikan tinggi, 65,6 masa kerja ≥ 5 tahun, 34,4% masa kerja < 5 tahun, 82,3% motivasi tinggi, 17,7% motivasi rendah. Analisis bivariat uji chi square menunjukan hubungan kepatuhan dengan faktor umur p value = 0,008, faktor jenis kelamin p value = 1,000, faktor tingkat pendidikan p value = 0,032, faktor masa kerja p value = 0,422, faktor motivasi p value = 0,025. Menindaklanjuti keadaan tersebut diharapkan perawat dapat menerapkan ilmu pengetahuan menurut teori yang didapatkan dan patuh melaksanakan SOP. RSUD Majalengka mengadakan pengawasan dan evaluasi rutin dalam bentuk penyegaran atau sosialisai kembali tentang SOP pemasangan infus atau prosedur lain yang berkaitan dengan teknik pencegahan infeksi nosokomial.
Pengaruh Massage Effleurage terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Haid pada Mahasiswi STIKes YPIB Majalengka Tahun 2021
Authors: Nugraha Yophi
Published: March 2022

Menstruasi merupakan proses alamiah dan fisiologis pada seorang wanita. Salah satu upaya penanganan nyeri saat menstruasi secara non farmakologis adalah dengan massage effleurage. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengaruh massage effleurage terhadap intensitas nyeri haid pada pada mahasiswi STIKes YPIB Majalengka. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian pre eksperiment dengan desain penelitian the one group pretest-posttest desaign. Sampelnya adalah mahasiswi Program Studi S1 Keperawatan STIKes YPIB Majalengka tahun 2021 sebanyak 20 orang. Tempat penelitian telah dilakukan di STIKes YPIB Majalengka pada tanggal 7 Juni sampai dengan 7 Agustus 2021. Pengumpulan datanya menggunakan kuesioner, SOP dan lembar observasi. Analisis datanya meliputi analisis univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat dengan uji Wilxocon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian kecil (25,0%) intensitas nyeri haid sebelum massage effleurage pada mahasiswi adalah berat dan kurang dari setengah (45,0%) intensitas nyeri haid sesudah massage effleurage pada mahasiswi adalah sedang. Terdapat pengaruh massage effleurage terhadap intensitas nyeri haid pada pada mahasiswi STIKes YPIB Majalengka. Disarankan pihak STIKes YPIB Majalengka menambah referensi mengenai penatalaksanaan massage effleurage dan memberikan praktik kepada mahasiswa cara melakukan massage effleurage untuk mengatasi nyeri haid, dan bagi mahasiswi agar meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang cara alternatif massage effleurage untuk mengatasi nyeri saat haid dan juga aktif mengikuti kegiatan diskusi atau seminar tentang cara mengatasi dysmenorrhea dengan massage effleurage.
Effect of adding phytase enzyme and formic acid to diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. on coefficient of digestibility and growth rates.
Authors: Shakir Husham Fadhil , Albassam Nuha hameed , shamkhi Intisar abduljabbar
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to add phytase enzyme and formic acid at different percentages of control (0) and (1, 2, 3)% in the diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.to know their effect on the total digestibility coefficient and growth rates of fish.Common carp fish were used at weight rates of 230±1.53 g/fish, which were randomly distributed in (40×60×40) cm3 glass tanks equipped with aeration and air filtration system and in controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed significant differences (P≤0.05) between treatments and there was a decrease in the coefficient of digestion of protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash for the control treatment T1 compared to all experimental treatments and it amounted to (60.54, 70.39, 32.95, 51.84), respectively. The two treatments T2 and T3 excelled in the coefficient of protein digestion, reaching (85.22 and 86.63), respectively, while no significant differences were recorded between treatments T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 in the coefficient of fat digestion, and the coefficient of carbohydrate digestion increased (71.43, 74.94, 67.23, respectively, and the ash digestibility factor (84.28, 89.63, 79.21), respectively, for each of the treatments T2, T3, T4.The T1 control treatment recorded the lowest results in weight gain rates of 46.71 g, daily growth rate of 0.57 g/day, relative growth rate of 19.36%, specific growth rate of 0.12 g/day, and food conversion efficiency of 21.19% compared to the experimental treatments, and T3 treatment significantly outperformed the rest of the treatments in daily growth rates. 1.73 g/day, and the relative growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were increased for T3 and T4 treatments.We conclude from this research that it is possible to use diets supplemented with phytase enzyme and formic acid with 1%, 2% and 3% acid as a source of animal protein in the diets of common carp without negative effects on digestion and growth rates.
Effect of nano NPK and mineral fertilizer on yield and components of three barley cultivars
Authors: Jasim Rasool Thamer , Issa Falah Hasan , Jalab Yahya Kridi
Published: March 2022

Afield experiment was carried out in Al-Rumaitha district during agricultural season at 2019-2020, In order to find out the response of three varieties of barley(Buraq, Abaa 99, Abaa 265) to foliar application with nanoparticle fertilizer NPK based on recommendation of mineral fertilizer for ground fertilization ( T1 =control treatment , T2 =0% mineral recommendation + 1.5g NPK 20:20:20 nan fertilization, T3=0% mineral recommendation + 3g Nano fertilizer , T4=50% mineral recommendation + 0g Nano fertilizer , T5 =50% mineral recommendation + 1.5g Nano fertilizer recommendation, T6=50% mineral recommendation + 3g Nano fertilizer , T7=100% mineral recommendation , T8=100% mineral recommendation + 1.5g Nano fertilizer and T9=100% mineral recommendation + 3g Nano fertilizer) . The experiment was carried out in Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D.) at split plot. The main plot was barley varieties while fertilizer treatments were subplots with four replicates and means were compared according to L.S.D. test at the level 0.05. The results summarized as follows: The cultivars Abaa99 and Abaa265 were significantly superior in most of the studied traits, except weight 1000 grains . T8 treatment was affected significantly on number of spikes and the total yield, T5 was superior in harvest index. The interaction between Abaa265 and T8 was significantly superior on grain yield .
Effect of quantities of seeds on dry matter production of parts of the plant and on yield and its components of varieties of barley Hordeum vulgare L
Authors: L-Tahir Faisal Mihbis , AL- Hamdawi Esra Rahi sihud
Published: March 2022

A field experiment was carried out at the Second Agricultural Research and Experiments Station of the College of Agriculture / University of Al-Muthanna in Al Bandar region, in the winter season (2020-2021), to study the effect of seed quantities on the production of dry matter of varieties of barley, and the experiment was applied according to the arrangement of the plates. The split was according to a randomized complete block design(RCBD) with three replications. The experiment included the main factor of five seed quantities (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha-1), and the secondary factor included two of varieties barley (Aksad, Ibaa265). The results showed that the quantities of seeds were significantly superior in all yield characteristics and the dry matter of the plant parts in the barley crop, where the quantity of seeds 80 kg ha-1 was superior to the dry weight of stems, the dry weight of leaves in the stage of full maturity and the number of grains in the spike, which reached Their averages were (21.12 g, 15.30 g, and 50.1 grain spike-1) respectively, and the 60 kg ha-1seed quantity outperformed in the dry weight of the fully ripened ears, the dry plant weight and the weight of 1000 grains, as their averages were (41.41 g and 77.08 g and 26.28 g) respectively, and the quantities of seed 120 kg ha-1outperformed in the number of spikes and grain yield, as they reached 371.11 spike m-2and 6.47 tons ha-1). The lowest seed level of 40 kg ha-1gave the lowest averages for most of the studied traits, as it gave the lowest average dry weight of stems, leaves and ears, and the dry weight of the plant in the fully mature stage, and the weight of 1000 grains, where their averages were (15.53 g, 12.20 g, 24.21 g, 51.94 g and 24. 1 gm) sequentially. As for the cultivars, there were no significant effects, but the cultivar ibaa 265 was superior in most of the studied traits compared with the cultivar Aksad. With regard to the interaction between the quantities of seeds and varieties, there were no significant effects between them.
Attractiveness of honey bee workers Apis mellifera L. to some food alternatives and their effect on increasing Honey bee colonies activity.
Authors: Manjy Mohammed Shakir , Hassan Ezzaldine Muthanna , Ali Abdullah Imad
Published: March 2022

The experiment was carried out in the apiary of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad located in Al-Jadriya on hybrid only honey bee colonies Apis mellifera L. to find out the effect of nutrients (Matricaria chamomilla , coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare,Vicia faba, Dianthus chinensis) mixed with the bean powder on the attraction of honey bee workers outside the hives and added. It has the sugar solution on the area of honey, brood (closed and open) and pollen grains inside the hives, where the results showed that chamomile mixed with bean powder is more attractive to worker bees at a rate of 99.8 bees / hour, and less attractive with cloves with bean powder at a rate of 7.7 bees / hour, and that the evening feeding period More attractive to worker bees to food, at a rate of 69.9 bees per hour. The results showed that the rate of the effect of foodstuffs mixed with the sugar solution, as the treatment of chamomile with the sugar solution was higher than the rest of the treatments at a rate of 198.75 Eng2 at reading 3/6, then the rate gradually increased until it reached the highest rate at reading 10/6 and it was The treatment of chamomile with the sugar solution is superior to the rest of the treatments as it reached 257.5 Eng 2. Then the rate gradually decreased until it reached the lowest rate as it reached at the reading 6 / 24 in the treatment of chamomile with the sugar solution with the rest of the other treatments 187.67 Eng2.Corresponding author: E-mail (mohammed.shakir@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq) Al-Muthanna University All rights reserved
The effectiveness of the Fungus Beauveria bassiana in reducing the infection of okra plant Abelmosechus eseulentus with fungal root diseases.
Authors: Lazim Abbood Hashim , Matrood Abdulnabi Abdulameer
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture - University of Basra in the years 2020 and 2021, in which the fungus B.bassiana was used. To combat the root fungus that infects okra, the results showed the isolation of many pathogenic fungi, and these fungi showed a significant difference in the effect on seed germination and seedling fall. The entomopathogenic fungus B.bassiana has a high ability to colonize roots and promote plant growth, such as plant height, fresh weight, and plant dry weight. The results of field surveys of four areas in Basra governorate showed, namely Shatt Al-Arab, Abu Al-Khasib, Al-Qurnah and Al-Madina. The highest incidence and severity of okra root rot disease was in Al-Madinah region, where the infection rate was 37% and the infection intensity was 67.33%, followed by Abu Al-Khasib district, where the infection rate was 24% and the infection severity was 52.89%. This disease is caused by the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Pathogenicity test results showed that F. solani gave the highest mortality rate for seedlings, followed by R. solani and M.phaseolina efficiently inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi. In the greenhouse experiment test, the experiment showed that the highest length of the vegetative group was in the biological treatment of fungi,Corresponding author: E-mail (abdu1988875@yahoo.com) Al-Muthanna University All rights reserved
The Therapeutic Potential of Synthetic and Natural Cannabinoids in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kanchumarthi Nidhi , Rockland Avigail , Vembar Thejaswini , Liu Elaine , Kanaad Rithvik , Torres Hinojosa Erick , Tiv Kira , Chen Benjamin , Hao Shira , Guttikonda Sri , Garza Ramiro
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases in the world, highlighting the need for research on novel treatments and therapies. Previous studies have found that the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) interacts closely with its neural system, making it a potential avenue for the treatment of neurological disorders. One hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain and its potentially detrimental effects on cognitive function. Cannabis-based drugs have been observed to regulate Aβ modifications and inhibit AD progression. Furthermore, cannabinoids have been noted to reduce inflammation and neurotoxicity. Synthetic cannabinoids were able to rescue memory deficits and neurodegeneration, and reduce immunoreactivity. Similarly, natural cannabinoids like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrate therapeutic potential by interacting with the cholinergic system, and reversing the symptoms of AD. Although further research and testing are needed, it is evident that the use of cannabinoids shows promise for future treatment in AD patients.
Circulating Nucleic Acids as Promising Biomarkers: A New Frontier of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Skotz Carolyn , Thapa Samrat , Nowak Mary , Phung Hoc Lan , Mamidi Akshitha , Patel Hetu , Ho Mabel
Published: March 2022

Biomarkers are a range of biological signals that measure the presence and severity of the disease. This literature review assesses circulating DNA (ctDNA) and microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers detected in liquid and tissue biopsies and their importance in the prognosis, outcomes, and treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These biomarkers have the potential for clinical use; however, further studies with requisite data and sufficiently large trials are required to refine our understanding of their applicability. The prognostic significance of ctDNA and miRNA biomarkers in NSCLC care has demonstrated that liquid biopsy and molecular diagnostic testing may provide a feasible and noninvasive method for tailoring treatment plans to the specific mutational landscape of diverse NSCLC patients. However, further testing must be conducted to analyze the significance and benefit of ctDNA and miRNA biomarkers in larger cohorts and substantiate the standardization of liquid biopsy in clinical practice.
GENERATION OF HIGH AMPLITUDES PULSES WITH EXCITABLE DFB LASERS AND AN INTEGRATED DISPERSIVE REFLECTOR
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Andronic Silvia , Grigoriev Eugeniu ,   Technical University of Moldova, Tronciu Vasile ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: March 2022

This paper is devoted to investigation of pulse generation by a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with an integrated passive dispersive reflector. This configuration is treated in the framework of the simple rate equation model for dimensionless carrier and photon numbers. The two functions describe the influence of reflector on the laser dynamics. The theoretical results show that under certain condition the laser is operating in excitable regime suitable for pulse generation. We have identified the appropriate values of parameters for pulse generation. We apply small perturbation to the system in order to generate periodic pulses. Finally, the influence of these parameters on shape of pulses is investigated.
THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE SELECTION OF POSSIBLE TRIBOLOGICAL COUPLES OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRECESSIONAL TRANSMISSIONS
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Bostan Ion , Stoicev Petru ,   Technical University of Moldova, Buga Alexandru ,   Technical University of Moldova, Postaru Gheorghe ,   Technical University of Moldova, Trifan Nicolae ,   Technical University of Moldova, Platon Andrei ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: March 2022

Selecting gear materials is a great challenge for engineers. Gear teeth are subject to difficult and severe loading conditions. Simultaneous action of alternating normal and tangential dynamic stresses occurs, contact deformations accompanied by sliding friction. Gears are subject to increased requirements in terms of strength, geometric accuracy, dimensional stability, and durability. For the manufacture of gears, especially from thermoplastic materials, a theoretical argumentation of the materials is needed. An extensive study of thermoplastic materials, around the world needs to be done and the most efficient tribological couples to be chosen in terms of heat transfer from the gear zone, operation with or without lubrication, and gear life. In this paper, a theoretical synthesis of the Steel / Plastic, Plastic / Plastic, Plastic/Steel tribological couples is made, which were used in conformist and non-conformist experiments. Therefore, selected tribological couples are supposed to be used in the Precessional Transmissions applications.
THE TRANSITION TO A HYDROGEN ECONOMY
Authors:   Swiss Technology Association, Electronics Group Switzerland, Bajenescu Titu-Marius I.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the problem of the hydrogen market – from production to how to use it, as well as the prospects for the development of these energy sources. To combat climate change, more and more countries are investing in low-carbon energy, which is produced from renewable sources and is therefore neutral throughout the chain. Thus, the global hydrogen market is growing. Hydrogen can help decarbonise industrial sectors and combat climate change, either as an environmentally friendly fuel in the transport sector or as a means of reducing emissions in steel production and many other industries. Hydrogen can also play a vital role in energy transport. But even though hydrogen does not pollute itself, because its combustion releases only water vapour, it emits CO2 when fossil fuels are used for its production (“Grey” hydrogen). “Green” hydrogen is still in its infancy: less than 1% of global hydrogen production, which is itself only 2% of global energy consumption. “Green” hydrogen is very expensive to produce, considerably more than “Grey” hydrogen.
PROOF-OF-STAKE CONSENSUS ALGORITHMS FOR THE SOFTWARE COMPONENTS BLOCKCHAIN
Authors:   Vilnius University, Lithuania, Giedrimas Vaidas
Published: March 2022

In the blockchain context, the information system (IS) is considered a part of its infrastructure. However, blockchain itself can be used for IS development using software components and services. As the trust for binary components or services is still a problem, we propose to use the blockchain of components to solve this problem. In this paper, the part of such solution, namely consensus algorithms, is discussed. We focus on Proof-of-Stake algorithms and present their feasibility to be used in the blockchain of software components. It was found that the use of probabilistic algorithms (RRR, CloudPoS, WV, DDPoS, Panda) allow the partial solution of the problem in the blockchain of reliable software components.
REGARDING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WIND IN NORTHERN REGION DISTRICTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Mangos Octavian , Rachier Vasile ,   Technical University of Moldova, Sobor Ion ,   Technical University of Moldova, Cazac Vadim ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: March 2022

The study is focused on three districts in the northern region of the Republic of Moldova – Briceni, Edinet and Ocnita. The maps were calculated and presented in terms of average annual wind speed and wind power density at a height of 100 m above ground level, wind rose and Weibull wind speed distribution. In the calculations performed for the three analyzed districts it was found that the average annual wind speed is between 6.84 and 7.35 m / s, and the wind power density – between 450 and 593 W / m2. The highest annual average speed equal to 7.35 m / s was identified in Ocnita district. At the same time, having the maps of the wind speed and the power density, the convenient locations for the construction of the wind farms can be selected. For each district involved in the study, a location with a pronounced wind potential was identified, recommended for the location of any wind farms.
THE HORRENDOUS EFFECTS OF CHILD TRAFFICKING: A CASE STUDY IN ABAKALIKI URBAN AREA OF EBONYI STATE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Nnebedum C. , Ogugua C. P.
Published: March 2022

The concept of child trafficking remains one of the quagmires facing Nigeria in recent times. This study, which was carried out in 2019, empirically examines the perceived effects of child trafficking on children in Ebonyi state of Nigeria. The objectives are to ascertain the different forms of child trafficking in Abakaliki urban of Ebonyi state; identify causes; determine the effect on the behaviour of the children, and suggest plausible ways of curbing the crime. The study employed an empirical survey. The population of the study which is 120,173 (NPC,2018) was extracted from Abakaliki Urban area and the sample size of the study which is 400 was computed using Taro Yamane statistic. Questionnaires and interviews were used as instruments for the gathering of data. Frequency tables/percentages were used to analyze the data as presented in this paper and to test the hypotheses of the study, the Chi-Square (X2) statistic was employed. The research reveals that child trafficking exists in Abakaliki urban of Ebonyi state. The research reveals further that the major causes of child trafficking in Abakaliki urban area of Ebonyi State are the quest for more income and greed. The research reveals further that child trafficking significantly affects the emotional state of children in Ebonyi state. With the proper measures put in places such as the creation of more job opportunities, persecution of offenders and proper monitoring of suspected cases of child trafficking, the case of child trafficking in the Abakaliki Urban Area can be curbed.
DETERMINATION OF SOIL TROPHICITY WITH ELECTROPHYSICAL METHOD. MESSAGE 2. ELECTRODE DESIGN AND THE METHOD OF GEOMETRIC COEFFICIENT CALCULATION
Authors: Buzuk G. N.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this work is to determine the influence of the electrodes surface isolation, as well as the method of geometric coefficient calculation, on the results of determining specific electrical resistance of soils (ER or SER). Metrological characteristics for SER measurement, as well as the influence of the electrodes immersion depth into the substrate studied on this indicator, were determined. Nonlinear nature of SER dependence on the electrodes immersion depth was established. For non-insulated electrodes the dependence was well approximated by the power function regardless of the method of calculating geometric coefficient of installation. In case of partially isolated (point) electrodes the use of geometric coefficient for calculating geometric coefficient with an adjustment to the electrodes immersion depth into the substrate studied makes it possible practically to get rid of SER dependence on the electrodes immersion depth. The technique can be used to assess the soils trophicity in places where medicinal plants grow.
FLAVONOIDS OF LARCH KNOTWOOD
Authors: Voronin K. S. , Fenin A. A. , Selivanova I. A.
Published: March 2022

Flavonoid fraction composition of Larix dahurica Turcz. knotwood was studied with HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS. Dihydroquercetin, aromadendrin, dihydroisorhamnetin, eriodictyol and quercetin were revealed as its components.
Penerapan Algoritma K-Means Clustering Pada Produksi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Menurut Provinsi
Authors: Haryadi Deny
Published: March 2022

Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu perkebunan yang produknya berpengaruh menjadi salah satu komoditas ekspor utama indonesia. Tingginya produksi perkebunan kelapa sawit dipengaruhi oleh adanya permintaan akan kebutuhan konsumsi minyak nabati dunia. Selain itu, tingginya produksi perkebunan kelapa sawit memiliki peranan besar terhadap perekonomian nasional terutama dari sisi penerimaan pajak dan pundi-pundi devisa negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk pengelompokan provinsi-provinsi yang menjadi prioritas terhadap produksi perkebunan kelapa sawit di indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma K-Means Clustering yaituCluster 1 merupakan kategori provinsi dengan produksi perkebunan kelapa sawit rendah atau Low yaitu 14 (aceh, sumatera barat, bengkulu, lampung, kep.bangka belitung, kep.riau, jawa barat, banten, kalimantan selatan, sulawesi tengah, sulawesi selatan, sulawesi barat, papua barat dan papua) dari 21 kategori provinsi yang diuji, kemudian cluster 2 adalah kategori provinsi dengan produksi perkebunan kelapa sawit sedang atau Medium yaitu 4 (jambi, sumatera selatan, kalimantan barat, dan kalimantan timur) dari 21 kategori provinsi yang diuji, dan terakhir adalah cluster 3 merupakan kategori provinsi dengan produksi perkebunan kelapa sawit tinggi atau High yaitu 3 (sumatera utara, riau, dan Kalimantan tengah) dari 21 kategori provinsi yang diuji.
Integrasi Learning Management System dan Database Eksternal Menggunakan Oracle Studi Kasus: IT Telkom Jakarta
Authors: Adidrana Demi , Haryadi Deny , Rozano Seandy Arandiant
Published: March 2022

IT Telkom Jakarta adalah perguruan tinggi swasta milik Yayasan Pendidikan Telkom yang merupakan transformasi dari Akademi Teknik Telekomunikasi Sandhy Putra Jakarta atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai Akademi Telkom Jakarta. Saat ini, IT Telkom Jakarta mempunyai Learning Management System (LMS) yang dikembangkan menggunakan moodle. Selain LMS, IT Telkom Jakarta memiliki suatu sistem informasi akademik  terintegrasi yang dinamakan iGracias. Dengan memanfaatkan database dari iGracias yang menggunakan Oracle maka dilakukan pengintegrasian data iGracias ke dalam LMS, sehingga seluruh data di LMS akan menggambil dari database eksternal yang merupakan cerminan dari iGracias dan untuk mengaksesnya harus menggunakan akun SSO dari iGracias. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, integrasi berhasil dilakukan dengan melakukan beberapa tahapan seperti menganalisa sistem, membuat view database di external database berdasarkan kebutuhan dari LMS, melakukan installasi driver databse oci8 dan konfigurasi dari sisi server LMS. Mapping fields eksternal database berhasil dilakukan dengan melakukan test setting. Ujicoba keseluruhan berhasil dilakukan dan dibuktikan dengan adanya data pada external database yaitu terdaftar 2321 user dan 187 course dan 3695 data enrolments, serta berhasil melakukan login menggunakan SSO iGracias.
Analisis Strategi Pencitraan Kecantikan Pada TVC Sabun Mandi Shinzui Berdasarkan Elemen Citra
Authors: Rahmayadi Gagas Ezhar , Danniswara Raden Bhima , Firman Reza Ramadani
Published: March 2022

Iklan merupakan suatu cara yang dilakukan untuk memperkenalkan suatu produk baik itu barang atau jasa dari produsen kepada konsumen. Salah satu contohnya adalah iklan yang muncul di televisi atau yang biasa disebut dengan TVC. Iklan dibuat dengan tujuan untuk mempengaruhi persepsi konsumen. Melalui strategi pencitraan maka keunggulan suatu produk disampaikan dan dapat menimbulkan suatu persepsi pada konsumen. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis tentang strategi pencitraan produk Sabun Shinzui sebagai salah satu produk kecantikan yang manawarkan kulit putih sebagai keunggulan dari produk tersebut. Dengan menggunakan teori elemen citra dan juga menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskrptif maka hasilanya adalah Sabun Shinzui bisa menjadi pilihan alternatif sebagai produk kecantikan dengan biaya yang relatif murah.

Keywords: iklan, persepsi, citra, kecantikan, kulit putih
Evaluation of Anti-bacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus hirtus Linn. Leaves
Authors: Priyanka Nalla , Brahmeswari P. , Babu G. Raveendra , Sowjanya M. , Ramayyappa M.
Published: March 2022

The current investigation is started to find the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the sub shrub Hibiscus hirtus L. The leaves of this conventional shrub were found to possess' different activities which incorporate antibacterial and hostile to helminthic effects. Thus we made an endeavor to perform extraction utilizing ethanol as solvent and soxhlation as a strategy for extraction. The leaves were priorly researched for their pharmacognostic, phytochemical and physical parameters. The antibacterial action of the ethanolic leaf extract was conveyed at various concentrations on strains of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria, for example, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherechia coli individually by utilizing cup and plate technique. The outcomes were outfitted as the zone of inbition acquired around every grouping of the concentrate and were compared with those of standard antibiotic utilized in the analysis, amoxycillin. Anti-inflammatory activity of Hibiscus hirtus L was studied and compared with standard drug, ibuprofen. Ethanollic concentrate of leaves (2.5-15 mg/ml) and ibuprofen (2.5-15 mg/ml) were utilized to measure the paw edema by plethysmometer and compared with control groups. Hibiscus hirtus L showed critical decrease of paw edema in the chosen model of inflammation for example formalin prompted chronic model of inflammation. Ethanollic concentrate of the plant leaves showed anti- microbial and anti-inflammatory impacts.
A Short Review on Study on Different Clinical Trials Performed on Drugs before it Comes into The Market
Authors: Pawar Girish Yogesh , Chaudhari Rushikesh Rakesh , Sonawane Tushar Naresh , Desale Jayesh Shyam , Ishikar Suraj K.
Published: March 2022

To study the topic we have used the detail study of various phases of clinical trials to support the topic, after the study we evaluated the various information that has been gathered. Although our paper describe the detail study, objectives behind the study, outcomes conclusion of clinical study. In our study are found that How the drug comes in the market and what are the various phases through which the drug has to cross. In our study we also understood that without the involvement of animals clinical trials won't be further conducted Through graphs one can easily understand the overviews of clinical trials study. Other supportive points like. -Types of clinical trials, -significance, -rate of pharmacist in clinical trials, -have been highlighted to support our article.
Marketing Practices of Some Selected Soft Drinks Industries in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Mosa. Shely
Published: March 2022

The study is usually descriptive. The paper's primary purpose is to understand the componential strategies and determinants of marketing in chosen soft drinks companies. The research's approach mainly based on primary data, although the full fledge of the study bear the assessment of secondary data-the consideration of two prominent companies that have been selected judiciously. The descriptive character shapes the research to constitute a congenial appropriation of analysis. Found that, the kind and other characteristics connected to the regional consumer quality are evaluated for developing the strategy. The companies should decrease pricing to balance the price and qualities of beverages with manufacturing alcohol-free soft drinks since most consumers are cautious about their health. The companies need to comply with stringent water quality requirements to allow dissolved solids, alkalinity and chlorides.
建設公司CSR報告書環境指標揭露程度與品質之研究
Authors: 張行道 張行道 , 陳怡伶 陳怡伶 , Yi-Lin Chen 蔡雅雯
Published: March 2022

永續是當前全球性議題，公司提出企業社會責任(Corporate social responsibility, CSR)報告書，揭露環境、經濟、社會三面向之永續績效及作為。台灣自2014年開始，符合條件的建設公司被規定要編製CSR報告書，但文獻指出，CSR報告書揭露的內容與品質有所不足。 本研究探討CSR報告書中環境面的內容，依全球報告綱領(Global Reporting Initiative, GRI)的要求，分析台灣建設公司的CSR報告書之環境指標的揭露程度、品質原則遵循程度，以及兩者之相關性。選取上市(櫃)營收前六大建設公司為個案研究。研究結果發現，環境指標揭露程度不高且揭露的質、量不一致；品質原則遵循為中等程度，時效性遵循程度最高，可靠性最低；環境指標揭露程度與品質遵循呈現低度正相關。 建設公司可依GRI準則的指標要求項目，發展環境管理方針，輔助提高報告書的揭露深度與品質。另外，運用外部認證的報告書，可提高可靠性、增加公信力，符合金管單位的政策。

 

Sustainability is a current global issue. Companies have published CSR (corporate social responsibility) reports to disclose sustainable performances and actions in economic, environmental, and social aspects. In Taiwan, the qualified listed companies including developers have been required to compile CSR reports since 2014. However, literature points out that the disclosure and quality of CSR reports are not adequate. The objective of this research was to examine the environmental contents of CSR reports. Based on the 2016 GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) Standards, this study analyzed the disclosure levels and quality compliance degree of the 30 environmental indicators and the relationship between the two. Six listed developers with the largest revenues were chosen as cases to study. The results show that the disclosure levels of environmental indicators were not high and the disclosure levels and numbers of environmental indicators were not consistent. In the quality principles, timeliness is the most compliant one but reliability is the last. The disclosure levels and quality compliance show a low positive relationship. Based on the requirements of GRI Standards, developers can establish their own environmental management approaches, which can help raise both disclosure levels and quality of the reports. Further, a CSR report with external assurance can strengthen its reliability, increase public trust and meet the government policy.

 