bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escola do Sistema Socioeducativo da Rede Estadual de Minas Gerais: os desafios para relacionar a avaliação da aprendizagem às diretrizes pedagógicas para atendimento socioeducativo numa unidade de Governador Valadares
Authors:   , Fernandes Marcos Alves
Published: December 2024

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação (CAEd) da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). O caso de gestão teve como foco o desafio da avaliação mediante a implementação das diretrizes pedagógicas para atendimento socioeducativo no Estado de Minas Gerais, em específico na Escola Estadual Marechal Floriano. O estudo mostra que as avaliações não estão em conformidade com as diretrizes pedagógicas para atendimento socioeducativo no Estado de Minas Gerais. Neste sentido, nos questionamos: quais ações podem ser tomadas para o aprimoramento do processo de avaliação na Escola Estadual Marechal Floriano, visto que ela não apresenta um alinhamento entre o que as diretrizes pedagógicas preconizam para atendimento socioeducativo no Estado de Minas Gerais? O presente caso de gestão tem como objetivo geral problematizar o processo de avaliação na Escola Estadual Marechal Floriano, que compõe o sistema socioeducativo, e propor ações para minimizar as dificuldades decorrentes desta situação. O estudo apresenta os seguintes objetivos específicos: i) descrever o processo de avaliação na Escola Estadual Marechal Floriano e os problemas dele resultantes; ii) analisar as dificuldades de gestão da avaliação da escola em regime socioeducativo; e iii) propor um plano de intervenção com ações para os problemas decorrentes da avaliação na Escola Estadual Marechal Floriano. Para tanto, utilizamos, como referencial teórico para discutir sobre a avaliação no processo educativo, as análises de Vasconcellos (2014), Hadji (2011), Lück (2011), Almeida (2009) e Perrenoud (2009), que abordam o tema avaliação para embasar o tema no estudo. Já para entender o sistema socioeducativo, bem como se processa a avaliação nesse sistema, apresenta-se: Corrêa (2010), Fogaça (2015) e Soares (2020). A metodologia utilizada neste estudo foi a qualitativa, sendo que, para a pesquisa de campo, foram realizadas entrevistas e questionários. Conclui-se, então, que a avaliação na escola em estudo não se encontra em consonância às diretrizes pedagógicas para atendimento educacional do sistema socioeducativo no Estado de Minas Gerais e que ações precisam ser executadas para, assim, os alunos serem avaliados de forma mais qualitativa e personalizada, valorizando a análise da trajetória percorrida pelos alunos na instituição.
Religião não se discute... Contudo, poderíamos conversar melhor a respeito? : subsídios para o diálogo compreensivo entre um discurso evangélico contemporâneo de viés fundamentalista e a defesa de uma laicidade inclusiva nas escolas públicas brasileiras
Authors:   , Milagres Jóvirson José
Published: December 2024

Situações em que alunos de escolas públicas, ou seus familiares, filiados a movimentos evangélicos que identificados aqui como de viés fundamentalista, questionam e, por vezes, boicotam determinadas atividades escolares alegando motivações religiosas têm sido recorrentes no Brasil. Sob o argumento de que a escola pública, em princípio laica, não seria o espaço adequado para se tratar de religião, principalmente para alunos que já possuem sua própria orientação religiosa, profissionais dessas instituições de ensino se percebem desprovidos de uma fundamentação teórico-científica que subsidie tomadas de decisão mais assertivas e consensuais frente a essas situações. A tese que defendo com o presente trabalho é que, justamente por ser laica, a escola pública se configura como um espaço propício para se tratar o fenômeno religioso por uma perspectiva mais abrangente, plural, e humanística. E, principalmente por ser laica, essas instituições de ensino não devem se isentar de abordar qualquer conteúdo que seja em face a impedimentos por motivações religiosas. O(s) conceito(s) de laicidade; os reflexos do movimento dinâmico do campo religioso brasileiro contemporâneo no ambiente escolar; a seleção de conteúdos relevantes em meio ao corpo de conhecimentos formado pela Ciência da Religião serão os tópicos aqui elencados no sentido de substanciar a referida tese. Por fim será apresentada uma proposta pedagógica de abordagem do tema religião nas escolas públicas brasileiras a partir de uma perspectiva crítico-dialógica.
(Con)figurações da inocência na literatura brasileira: nação, identidade e colonialismo
Authors:   , Pinto Andressa Marques
Published: December 2024

A tese desta pesquisa é que o signo da inocência pode ser um operador fecundo para se pensar a formulação das ideias de nação e identidade na literatura brasileira. Tal proposta se sustenta porque inocência é signo interligado à concepção de brasilidade/brasileiro desde 1500, com a invasão portuguesa, quando houve a inserção no contexto global do território que hoje vem a ser o Brasil. A inocência da gente nativa era evidenciada na “Carta” de Caminha e, desde então, esse traço vem sendo (re)desenhado pelas penas que se propuseram a representar o Brasil e seu povo. A problemática que envolve tal representação ocorre porque a afirmação da inocência, desde o primeiro momento, é uma estratégia que camufla um processo altamente violento de dominação e de apagamento do outro. Por isso, parte-se da hipótese de que a sua reiteração e atualização ao longo da tradição literária serve para perpetuar um discurso de dominação, de apagamento e silenciamento do outro. Diante disso, a hipótese central que se pretende demonstrar é que a afirmação da inocência é uma estratégia do discurso hegemônico/colonialista que serve para camuflar, no âmbito do discurso, as origens fundamentais da violência no Brasil, seja ela estrutural ou conjetural, e, portanto, serve à sua manutenção. Para discutir tais questões, mobilizou-se um corpus teórico que investiga e problematiza os conceitos de nação, identidade, colonialismo e literatura, tais quais Silviano Santiago, Benedict Anderson, Homi Bhabha, Stuart Hall e Walter Mignolo. O corpus literário eleito para análise privilegia autores como Pero Vaz de Caminha, José de Alencar, Visconde de Taunay, Machado de Assis, Rubem Fonseca e Ferréz, além do tangenciamento da obra de autores como Manuel Antônio de Almeida, Lima Barreto e Mário de Andrade.
Tratamento de asma em pacientes enuréticos: repercussão nos sintomas urinários
Authors:   , Dahan Patricia
Published: December 2024

A associação enurese e Doenças Respiratórias do Sono já foi demonstrada, inclusive com resolução de dois terços ou mais dos casos de enurese, após cirurgia desobstrutiva das vias aéreas superiores (adenoidectomia e/ou amigdalectomia). Os enuréticos, também, têm maior chance de serem asmáticos. Questiona-se se essa associação entre enurese e asma está relacionada à presença concomitante de obstrução anatômica de vias aéreas superiores, já que, segundo a teoria da “via aérea unificada”, anormalidades das vias aéreas superiores e inferiores podem coexistir. Essa teoria, no entanto, não esclarece a associação já encontrada entre enurese e atopias como rinite, alergias alimentares ou testes cutâneos positivos. Foi avaliado se o tratamento da asma altera a evolução da enurese, em maiores de 5 anos, com ambas as doenças, e se existe algum fator preditivo associado a essa melhora. Vinte pacientes entre 5 e 12 anos, enuréticos e asmáticos não controlados, receberam tratamento para asma, após serem avaliados em consulta, quando um questionário aplicado ao responsável pela criança definia a presença de sintomas de rinite e outras alergias. A presença de obesidade foi definida no exame físico; a enurese primária avaliada através de diários de noites secas e miccional e a obstrução de vias aéreas superiores classificada através de videoendoscopia nasal. Foram excluídas as crianças menores de cinco anos, com doenças e/ou em uso de medicamentos que interferissem no funcionamento da bexiga ou esfíncter uretral, diabetes, doença falciforme, enurese secundária, asma controlada ou na recusa em participar do estudo. Após 6 meses de tratamento da asma, a melhora dos sintomas urinários foi avaliada, considerando melhora total de 99%, ou mais, e parcial de 50% a 99%. Uma melhora, pelo menos parcial, da enurese foi observada em 55% dos pacientes. O aumento da quantidade de noites secas, em 30 dias, no início e término da pesquisa, foi estatisticamente significativo: 64,4% (p = 0,010). Todos os pacientes apresentavam sintomas de rinite alérgica, o que impossibilitou o uso dessa variável nas análises. Observou-se que a variável “obesidade” não influenciou na melhora da enurese (OR = 0,361; IC 0,023-5,641), mas a “presença de outras alergias” e “alterações na videoendoscopia nasal” influenciaram positivamente na melhora dos sintomas urinários (OR = 3,350; IC 0,844-13,306) e (OR = 1,272; IC 0,480-3,370). O tratamento e o controle da asma, em crianças com enurese primária, resultou um aumento significativo das noites secas em 30 dias.
Qual eficácia da estimulação precoce no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e na função respiratória de crianças com paralisia cerebral?
Authors: Correia Aragão Victória , Nunes Rocha Cardoso Ana Richelly , Pinheiro Diógenes Bastos Vasco , Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro de
Published: December 2024

Introdução. A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) foi definida como a deficiência mais comum da infância, ela interfere nos processos de maturação do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC), podendo deixar a criança com inúmeras sequelas. Visto que o SNC está em fase de desenvolvimento e crescimento sináptico, axonal e dendrítico, a intervenção precoce tem potencial para incentivar a neuroplasticidade. Tornando-se fundamental entender quais técnicas são mais relevantes para esse público, levando em consideração principalmente o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e a função respiratória. Objetivo. Identificar a eficácia da estimulação precoce, por meio das técnicas de fisioterapia, em crianças com PC. Método. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, desenvolvida através da análise de artigos científicos publicados no período de 6 anos, encontrados gratuitamente e em texto completo nos bancos de dados eletrônicos: Physiotherapy Evidence Database (Pedro) e US National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), nos idiomas português e inglês. Resultados. De acordo com os estudos analisados, foram encontradas seis intervenções fisioterapêuticas - Programa Remoto de Estimulação Precoce, Terapia vibratória, Programa de estabilidade central, Equoterapia, Cuevas Medek Exercises (CME) e Técnica de alongamento diafragmático manual (MDST) - potencialmente eficazes. Não conseguimos descrever a melhor técnica ou combinação de técnicas devido às limitações dos estudos. Conclusão. A estimulação precoce apresentou uma variabilidade de intervenções entre os estudos, porém houve interferência direta no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e na função respiratória de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral.
New generation natural face cream formulation: development and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Kurt Ahmet Arif , Ibrahim Bashar
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aim; In developing societies, acne, blemish, wrinkle formation in the face area and the deteriorating structure of the skin require constant care. Acne and scars are observed due to increased sebum formation and microorganisms. In addition, dark spots on the skin develop due to excess melanin. We aimed to develop a face cream formula containing Rosa damascena Mill. and Avena Sativa L (oat).
Method; Cream formulations were prepared using three components (surfactant, oil phase, water phase) by emulsification method. HLB values of the formulations were calculated based on oil phase concentration. Reliability of the components used in the formulation was calculated using MoS values PODsys / (SED*cons.%). It was calculated based on the resistance to shear with a rotational viscometer. Physicochemical properties were tested under different climate conditions for 3 months. Total bacteria and fungi analyses were reported as CFU/g for Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic mesophilic (bacteria, yeast mold), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Candida albicans using pour plate method.
Results; The result of organoleptic control of cream formulations showed that nine formulations formed homogeneous and single phase stable creams. The tenth formulation showed phase separation observed in creams due to wrong emulsifier selection. According to the spreadability and fluidity properties, viscosity values in FC-F-7 formulation varied between 1944.5 ± 342.3 cP and 40953.0 ± 1787.0 cP. These results showed that cetyl alcohol increased viscosity compared to beeswax and paraffin wax. As a result of the search for a cream formulation with suitable physicochemical properties for face area, FC-F-7 formulation was developed.
Conclusion; It has been found that fatty esters have an effect on physical properties such as rheology and spreadability when developing cream formulations. In cream formulations to be developed for the face area, the design and development of formulations with natural ingredients that have proven their reliability and stability have been carried out.
Cirurgia de transplante renal pediátrico como melhor alternativa em casos de doença renal crônica na infância
Authors: Maciel Lyvia Dias , Gomes Gabriela Fonseca Pereira , Cota Thaís de Freitas , Bonato Fabiana de Oliveira Bastos
Published: December 2024

A doença renal crônica (DRC) é a perda progressiva do funcionamento dos rins. Em crianças, as principais causas são patologias renais e urogenitais congênitas. A cirurgia de transplante renal é considerada o tratamento de escolha na DRC pediátrica, por possibilitar melhores desfechos a longo prazo e melhor qualidade de vida.
Efetividade da administração de fluidos em bolus versus contínua no manejo do choque séptico pediátrico
Authors: Veiga Diego Pacheco Tavares , Barbalho Medson Tavares , Mateus Jéssica Camille , Almeida ⁠Luana Novaes de , Mascarenhas André Neves
Published: December 2024

O choque séptico é uma disfunção orgânica decorrente de altas quantidades de citocinas e interleucinas pró-inflamatórias em resposta a uma infecção pregressa, levando a uma hipoperfusão tecidual, o que pode gerar consequências desastrosas, inclusive a morte. Dessa maneira, por ser uma emergência, em casos pediátricos necessita, ainda mais, de rápida intervenção somada à legítima eficácia do tratamento, sendo realizado por profissionais aptos e bem treinados com as técnicas mais atuais da literatura. Nesse contexto, a administração de fluidos torna-se fundamental no primeiro momento da fisiopatologia da doença, ao garantir um maior contingente de líquido dentro dos vasos, e assim, aumentar a perfusão tecidual.
Eficácia da circuncisão masculina na prevenção do câncer de pênis
Authors: Ferreira Kayo Patryck Gomes , Soares José Vinícius Pereira , Cruz Wemerson Matheus Ramos , Santana Anderson Gomes Nascimento
Published: December 2024

O câncer de pênis (CP) é uma neoplasia maligna que se manifesta através de manchas ou tumores, prevalecendo-se em pacientes com fimose, condições inflamatórias, como a balanite, e hábitos de má higiene. Analisando o contexto global, em nações onde a circuncisão neonatal é uma prática comum (Israel e países islâmicos) a prevalência é ínfima, contrapondo com países que não adotam essa tradição (Brasil e Índia), com incidências que chegam a 3-7 casos por 100.000 homens.
Aspectos epidemiológicos da Tuberculose do sistema nervoso na faixa etária de 15-39 anos na região norte de 2013 a 2023
Authors: Monteiro Ana Carolina , Saraiva Ana Beatriz Araújo , Campos Maria Eduarda Caldas , Acco Gabriela Ruiz , Cruz Jessíca Reco
Published: December 2024

A Tuberculose do Sistema Nervoso (TSN) é uma patologia secundária da tuberculose causa pela Mycobacterium tuberculosis e pode causar tuberculoma intracraneal, aracnoidite espinhal tuberculosa e meningite, a qual é a mais letal. A TSN é mais comum em países em desenvolvimento e sua incidência na Região Norte brasileira representa uma preocupação de saúde pública devido à condição socioeconômica dos estados e letalidade da doença, demonstrando a importância de estudar sua epidemiologia.
Epidemiologia dos casos de Febre Tifóide no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira João Gabriel dos Santos , Ribeiro Bruno Rafael Carvalho , Martins Maíra Pompeu
Published: December 2024

A febre tifóide é uma infecção bacteriana grave e sistêmica, causada pela Salmonella typhi e de distribuição global. A transmissão ocorre pela ingestão de alimentos ou água contaminados. A doença é comum em áreas com saneamento inadequado e má higiene, afetando especialmente regiões de baixo nível socioeconômico. Sem tratamento, pode ser fatal.
Benzodiazepínicos e risco de demência/Alzheimer: fisiopatologia e fatores associados
Authors: Fonseca Yasmim Cristine Figueiredo Cruz Horta , Sales Ana Beatriz Coelho , Souza Karen Tôrres Pereira de , Balieiro Maria Vitória de Sá , Rabello Nicollas Nunes
Published: December 2024

Os benzodiazepínicos (BZDs) são uma classe medicamentosa utilizada como ansiolíticos, de modo a contemplar efeitos sedativos, hipnóticos e anticonvulsivantes, dado o efeito hiperpolarizante do neurotransmissor inibitório GABA na membrana neuronal. No Brasil, correspondem a terceira classe de drogas mais receitadas. O uso prolongado, bem como excessivo desses fármacos pode desencadear decrescimento do funcionamento psicomotor, sendo fator preponderante de risco para o desenvolvimento de demência, como também Alzheimer, notadamente para a população idosa. Nos últimos anos, é observado o uso de doses excessivas dos BZDs pelos idosos, uma vez que a limitação fisiológica própria do organismo da população da terceira idade em relação a farmacocinética e equilíbrio homeostático, acarreta que esses utilizem doses cada vez maiores para obtenção do mesmo efeito farmacológico. Ademais, o uso prolongado dessa classe medicamentosa relaciona-se a efeitos colaterais como amnésia, ataxia, deterioração cognitiva e sedação.
دراسة العلاقة بين بعض الخصائص الشخصية والوظيفية ومعدل استخدام الإجازة المرضية بالأجهزة الحكومية الكويتية
Authors: الفضلي فضل صباح
Published: December 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التحقق من طبيعة العلاقة فيما بين مجموعة من المتغيرات الديموغرافية والمتغيرات الوظيفية من جهة ومعدل استخدام الإجازة المرضية بالأجهزة الحكومية الكويتية من جهة أخرى. ومن بين النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها، أن الإناث أكثر استخداماً للإجازة المرضية من الذكور، وأن هناك علاقة معنوية سالبة بين معدل سنوات الخدمة ومتوسط المراتب الشهري وبين معدل استخدام الإجازة المرضية، كما تبين وجود علاقة معنوية سالبة وقوية بين تنوع مهام الوظيفة ومعدل استخدام الإجازة المرضية.
دراسة رغبة الأردنيين بالشراء: وجهة نظر المستهلك
Authors: العمري حسين عبدالله
Published: December 2024

يهدف البحث، وباستخدام الأسلوب الكمي، إلى دراسة عوامل أخرى والتي يمكن استخدامها في تفسير رغبة المستهلك الأردني في شراء السلع والخدمات. لقد أظهرت النتائج أهمية عامل الدخل، كما أكدت أهمية العوامل الأخرى مثل (اتجاهات المستهلك، حجم العائلة،...، الخ) في شرح رغبته في الشراء. ومما يزيد من أهمية الدراسة أنها تتناول الموضوع في الأردن، حيث أن هذا الموضوع لم يدرس –حسب معرفة الباحث– في الأردن من قبل، ولقد أعطت هذه الدراسة العديد من النتائج والتوصيات.
دراسة تطبيقية لتوقعات سوق العمل بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة من التعليم الإداري
Authors: البسيوني محمد يحيى , زايد عادل محمد , عثمان ماجد  إبراهيم
Published: December 2024

لاستكشاف توقعات سوق العمل بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة من التعليم الإداري، تم سحب عينة عشوائية طبقية من منظمات الأعمال لجمع بيانات عن درجة أهمية العديد من مؤشرات المعارف والمهارات الإدارية. وقد تم توفيق نموذج قياسي لبيانات المسح الميداني لإظهار مدى ثبات وصدق المؤشرات التي وقع عليها الاختيار. ومن جهة أخرى أوضح التحليل العاملي التأكيدي ضرورة استخدام نموذج يتضمن ثلاثة عوامل هي: المعرفة الرئيسية، المعرفة المساندة، المهارات الشخصية والسلوكية، لوصف إدراك منظمات الأعمال للتعليم الإداري. كما اتضح من التحليل الإحصائي أن القطاع الخاص يضع أهمية بالمعرفة الرئيسية أكبر من القطاع العام، بينما تحظى مهارات اللغة بأهمية أكبر في المنظمات الخدمية عنها في المنظمات الصناعية. وقد تبين أيضا من نتائج البحث اهتمام منظمات الأعمال بمستوى معارف ومهارات الخريجين، وأن الاهتمام ببعض المهارات الشخصية والسلوكية فاق الاهتمام بالمعارف الإدارية. وقد تمت مناقشة تأثير هذه النتائج على التعليم الإداري.
العوامل المؤثرة على قسط التأمين الصحي في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: بن سعيد خالد سعد
Published: December 2024

أجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد العوامل التي تؤثر على قيمة قسط التأمين الصحي الخاص في المملكة العربية السعودية. وقد تم تجميع البيانات من عينة من المرضى عددهم 493 مريض، تم اختيارهم عشوائياً من عدة مستشفيات خاصة بالمنطقة الوسطى. وقد أوضحت نتائج تحليل الانحدار التدريجي، أن قسط التأمين الصحي يتأثر فعلياً وبشكل هام بالعوامل الديموغرافية والمؤشر الصحي والمتغيرات ذات العلاقة بتغطية بوليصة التأمين، وهذه المتغيرات: العمر، الجنس، عدد مرات دخول المستشفى خلال السنة السابقة، عدد الزيارات للأطباء خلال الشهر السابق، الأشخاص المغطون بالتأمين الصحي، اختيار مقدم الرعاية الصحية، تغطية وصفات الأدوية، تغطية العمليات الجراحية الكبرى، تغطية العمليات الجراحية الصغرى، وتغطية أمراض العيون.
دور مستوى العمالة في مشاريع نظم المعلومات
Authors: العدواني عادل محمد , الظفيري عواد محمد , العويهان عبدالله خالد , العجمي راشد شبيب
Published: December 2024

يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على طبيعة الدور الذي يلعبه مستوى العمالة في مشاريع نظم المعلومات. نتائج الدراسة تشير إلى أن طبيعة أثر مستوى العمالة على التبادل الاجتماعي داخل المشروع وعلى الأداء العام للمشروع تختلف في المشاريع الكبيرة عنها في المشاريع الصغيرة. بصورة أكثر تحديداً، وجد أن زيادة مستوى العمالة تؤدي إلى آثار سلبية على التبادل الاجتماعي والأداء في المشاريع الصغيرة، بينما وجد أن مستوى العمالة لم يكن له أثر واضح على مخرجات مشاريع نظم المعلومات في المشاريع الكبيرة.
قياس إدراك المدراء للولاء والإبداع في العمل الحكومي في دولة الكويت
Authors: آل خليفة فاطمة حسن , الربيعان عصام سعد
Published: December 2024

يتناول البحث رصد إدراك المدراء لعلاقة الولاء والإبداع في العمل الحكومي، حيث يتحدد الولاء في علاقة الرئيس بالمرؤوس في ستة جوانب للعمل هي: الاختيار والتعيين، والترشيح لدرجة مالية أعلى، والترشيح لدورة تدريبية، والاستئذان للخروج من العمل، وتفويض القرار، والترشيح لمنصب أعلى. ويحاول البحث أن يرصد العوامل الأكثر تأثيرا على المدراء عند اتخاذهم للقرارات المتعلقة بالجوانب المشار إليها. ويخلص البحث إلى وجود فروق بين المدراء في تحديد العوامل الأكثر تأثيرا على قراراتهم، كما توجد فروق فردية بين هؤلاء المدراء في ممارسة الأعمال الإبداعية في تلك الجوانب الستة.
VP-SFDA: Visual Prompt Source-Free Domain Adaptation for Cross-Modal Medical Image
Authors: Chen Yixin , Wang Yan , Xie Zhaoheng
Published: December 2024

Background:
Source-free unsupervised domain adaptation (SFUDA) methods aim to address the challenge of domain shift while preserving data privacy. Existing SFUDA approaches construct reliable and confident pseudo-labels for target-domain data through denoising methods, thereby guiding the training of the target-domain model. The effectiveness of denoising approaches is influenced by the degree of domain gap between the source and target domains. A marked shift can cause the pseudo-labels to be unreliable, even after applying denoising.
Methods:
We propose a novel 2-stage framework for SFUDA called visual prompt source-free domain adaptation (VP-SFDA). We propose input-specific visual prompt in the first stage, prompting process, which bridges the target-domain data to source-domain distribution. Our method utilizes visual prompts and batch normalization constraint to enable the alignment model to learn domain-specific knowledge and align the target-domain data with the source-domain contribution. The second stage is the adaptation process, which aims at optimizing the segmentation model from the source domain to the target domain. This is accomplished through the denoising techniques, ultimately enhancing the performance.
Results:
Our study presents a comparative analysis of several SFUDA techniques in the VP-SFDA framework across 4 tasks: abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to computed tomography (CT), abdominal CT to MRI, cardiac MRI to CT, and cardiac CT to MRI. Notably, in the abdominal MRI to CT adaptation task, the VP-OS method achieved a remarkable improvement, increasing the average DICE score from 0.658 to 0.773 (
P

<

0.01) and reducing the average surface distance (ASD) from 3.489 to 2.961 (
P

<

0.01). Similarly, the VP-LD and VP-DPL methods also showed significant improvements over their base algorithms in both abdominal and cardiac MRI to CT tasks.
Conclusions:
This paper proposes VP-SFDA, a novel 2-stage framework for SFUDA in medical imaging, which achieves superior performance through input-specific visual prompts and batch normalization constraint for domain adaptation, coupled with denoising methods for enhanced results. Comparative experiments on 4 medical SFUDA tasks demonstrate that VO-SFDA surpasses existing methods, with ablation studies confirming the benefits of domain-specific patterns.
Loneliness and Social Isolation with Risk of Incident Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, UK Biobank 2006 to 2022
Authors: Miao Ya , Kong Xiaoke , Zhao Bin , Fang Fang , Chai Jin , Huang Jiaqi
Published: December 2024

Background:
Although loneliness and social isolation are proposed as important risk factors for metabolic diseases, their associations with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been elucidated. The aims of this study were to determine whether loneliness and social isolation are independently associated with the risk of NAFLD and to explore potential mediators for the observed associations.
Methods:
In this large prospective cohort analysis with 405,073 participants of the UK Biobank, the status of loneliness and social isolation was assessed through self-administrated questionnaires at study recruitment. The primary endpoint of interest was incident NAFLD. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between loneliness, social isolation, and risk of NAFLD.
Results:
During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, there were 5,570 cases of NAFLD identified. In the multivariable-adjusted model, loneliness and social isolation were both statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (HR = 1.22 and 1.13, respectively). No significant multiplicative or additive interaction was found between loneliness and social isolation on the risk of NAFLD. The mediation analysis estimated that 30.4%, 16.2%, 5.3%, 4.1%, 10.5%, and 33.2% of the loneliness–NAFLD association was mediated by unhealthy lifestyle score, obesity, current smoking, irregular physical activity, suboptimal sleep duration, and depression, respectively. On the other hand, 25.6%, 10.1%, 15.5%, 10.1%, 8.1%, 11.6%, 9.6%, 4.8%, and 3.0% of the social isolation–NAFLD association was mediated by unhealthy lifestyle score, obesity, current smoking, irregular physical activity, suboptimal sleep duration, depression, C-reactive protein, count of white blood cells, and count of neutrophils, respectively.
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that loneliness and social isolation were associated with an elevated risk of NAFLD, independent of other important risk factors. These associations were partially mediated by lifestyle, depression, and inflammatory factors. Our findings substantiate the importance of loneliness and social isolation in the development of NAFLD.
Digital Dilemmas: Evaluating the Ethics and Efficacy of Personalised Political Advertising in Modern Democracies
Authors: Moravec Václav , Hynek Nik , Gavurová Beáta , Kubák Matúš
Published: December 2024

This study explores the realm of personalised political advertising, examining societal perspectives on clear regulation, enhanced transparency, and empowerment in the digital media sphere. Analysing existing international literature and responses from our own unique survey of 1,213 participants in the Czech Republic, it provides a detailed picture of public perceptions towards the customisation of political messages and control over online content. Findings indicate a significant demand for transparency in the adaptation of political messages, coupled with apprehension towards personalised content, highlighting privacy and manipulation concerns. The research shows divided opinions on the necessity of stringent regulations for targeted political ads, yet there is broad agreement on the importance of disclosing advertising sources and labelling ads clearly to enhance awareness. The study also reveals that most respondents feel they have limited control over the content they encounter online, though a minority report feeling more in control than the content providers. Furthermore, by employing multinomial regression analysis, the paper finds age, gender, and education as key predictors influencing perceptions of potential risks related to personalised political advertising. This investigation sheds light on the complexities of digital personalisation in political communication, offering insights for future policy and regulation.
Metabolomic approach in anticancer biomarker discovery of folious lichens
Authors: Putri Chintya Permata Zahky Sukrisno , Rani Dinar Mutia , Untari Ludmilla Fitri , Kusumawardani Banun , Kurnia Anang , Keller Paul A , Nugraha Ari Satia
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Lichens are well-known as a source of pharmacologically active compounds. This includes anticancer compounds which have biomass constraints including using traditional techniques of lichen bioprospecting. This current study reports the use of cutting-edge metabolomics and a computational approach to discover anticancer biomarkers from Indonesian lichens. Methods: Seven lichen crude extracts were evaluated against cervical cell lines HeLa using a MTT assay and secondary metabolites were profiled and recorded via a GCMS protocol. A multivariate analysis OPLSDA was employed to determine anticancer biomarker of the lichens. A structure-based computational study against the HeLa cancer cell related protein targets (BCL-2 (4MAN), AKT-1 (4GV1), MCL-1 (5FDO), and BRAF (5VAM)) was used to determine the most potent biomarker. Results: The MTT assessment indicated the seven lichens possessed strong, medium and weak cytotoxicity. Multivariate analysis showed an OPLS-DA score plot with distinct separation among the strong, medium and weak cytotoxic groups. The biplot OPLS-DA and GC-MS analysis proposed 13 compounds of Parmelia caroliniana and 12 compounds of Physcia cf. millegrana as anticancer biomarker candidates. Docking experiments revealed 6-amino-3,4,7-triphenylpyrido[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]pyridazine 4 from P. caroliniana to possess the highest binding affinity against BCL-2 (4MAN), AKT-1 (4GV1), MCL-1 (5FDO), and BRAF (5VAM) proteins with affinity energy values of -10.0, -11.6, -10.4, -12.6, respectively. Conclusion: The study successfully revealed compound 4 as the anticancer biomarker against HeLa cell cancer of P. caroliniana in which can be further explored through in vitro and in vivo studies. Further, the metabolomic protocol established can be adapted as a tool for biomarker discoveries from other medicinal plants.
Cell therapy using anti-NKG2A pretreated natural killer cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tavakoli Shirin , Samareh Salavati Maryam , Abdolahi Shahrokh , Verdi Javad , Seyhoun Iman , Vosoughi Nasim , Vaezi Mohammad , Ghaderi Afshin , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir , Barkhordar Maryam , Ahmadvand Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Background: The activities and functions of natural killer (NK) cells are controlled by a limited repertoire of activating and inhibitory NK receptors. Therefore, blocking inhibitory receptors such as NKG2A using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) enhances tumor immunity. Method: In this study, we investigated the safety of anti-NKG2A-pretreated NK cells in improving ADCC function to manage hepatocyte carcinoma (HCC). After a conditioning regimen, we initiated a pilot study of expanded donor haploidentical NK cell infusion. The goals were to determine the safety and feasibility. Patients received a fludarabine/cyclophosphamide conditioning followed by adoptive immunotherapy with IL2–activated haploidentical NK cells. Anti-NKG2A pretreated NK cells were infused on days 0, +5, and +10 post-conditioning regimens at a dose of 7 × 108 cells (n=3). The median follow-up was 4 months for all patients. Results: Although all patients were alive at the last follow-up, two of them showed progressive disease and an increase in tumor size. In addition, all patients had a relative decrease in the expression level of an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) after one month. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of infusing high doses of ex vivo expanded NK cells after conditioning with transient side effects.
Incidence of Hypoglycaemia and its Determinants in Neonates Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Manoharan Indumathi , Prabakaran Vetriselvi , Bethou Adhisivam
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Baby in mother’s womb depends on placental circulation for glucose. During birth, the clamping of the umbilical cord abruptly curtails the glucose supply from the placenta and thus neonates are more prone to develop hypoglycaemia and is preventable if we aware of the maternal and neonatal risk factors. This study aimed to identify the incidence of hypoglycaemia and its risk factors. Methods: A prospective observational design was carried out among 115 neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during December 2021 to January 2022. Convenience sampling technique was used to enrol the neonates who met the inclusion criteria. Neonatal and maternal clinical characteristics, incidence, risk factors of hypoglycaemia, were collected by direct observation and from medical record. Data were analysed using chi-square test, t test and logistic regression with SPSS software version 25. Results: The incidence of hypoglycaemia was 30.4% .20.8 % had single episode and 9.6% had multiple episodes. Mean (SD) lowest blood glucose value was 11.31 (17.91). Mean (SD) age at which first episode detected was 6.33 (16.05) hours. Predominant symptoms were jitteriness, lethargy and convulsion. Hypothermia, sepsis, prematurity, small for gestation, intra uterine growth retardation, birth asphyxia, history of poor feeding, birth weight, twin pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus were associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia significantly. Conclusion: Incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia can be minimized by identifying the risk factors, adhering close monitoring and by early treatment. This will prevent poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Analysis of Information and Health Literacy Policies in Pandemics: A Case Study of COVID-19
Authors: Danaei Mehrabad Shabnam , Panahi Sirous , Sedghi Shahram , Aryankhesal Aidin
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The global community, during the COVID-19 pandemic, faced a vast amount of information and risks due to low levels of health literacy. Governments responded differently to the pandemic crisis based on formulated policies and their societal conditions. The present research focuses on analyzing information and health literacy policies in pandemics to present a model and identify and prioritize factors affecting the formation and implementation of the mentioned policies. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with key informants. Extracted codes were designed based on expert opinions, and an initial conceptual framework was developed according to the policy triangle (content, context, process, and actors). Finally, the identified issues and the conceptual framework were validated using the Delphi-quantitative method. Results: The results indicate that the content of information and health literacy policies focuses on goal-setting, planning, law formulation, and amendments and updates. The process of information and health literacy policies in pandemics was categorized into managerial, educational, dissemination, sharing, evaluation, and monitoring processes. Economic, political, social, and cultural aspects were identified as influential context, and multiple actors were identified as policymakers and facilitators of information and health literacy policies in pandemics. Conclusion: The developed model can be a suitable and useful tool for increasing the awareness of health managers and policymakers about the strengths and weaknesses of past policies regarding information and health literacy policies in pandemics. It also provides a suitable perspective for policymaking and identifying factors influencing the implementation of enacted policies.
Evaluating the anti-Candida effects of selenium nanoparticles impregnated in acrylic resins: An in vitro study
Authors: Rostamzadeh Masomeh , Sadeghi Sangdehi Seyyed Amin , Salimizand Himen , Rahimi Farshad , Nouri Bijan
Published: December 2024

Background. Candida albicans in the oral cavity causes denture-induced stomatitis, but current treatments have side effects and contribute to drug resistance. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) show promise as an antimicrobial agent, but their effectiveness against C. albicans is unknown and warrants further research. Methods. Acrylic resins containing different concentrations of SeNPs (0.2, 2, and 10 g/mL) were formulated and evaluated against C. albicans isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SeNPs was determined, and a fungal biofilm was developed on acrylic samples. The quantity of biofilm was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical density (OD) at 570 nm after staining with crystal violet. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA software, with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests to establish significance (P<0.05). Results. The MIC of SeNPs was 25%. The OD in the group with 10% SeNPs was 0.477 and 0.547 in the group with 0.2%. Kruskal-Wallis test results showed that at least two groups among those studied had significant differences (P=0.0273). In pairwise comparisons, the differences between all the groups were statistically significant (P=0.049). SEM analysis confirmed the destruction of C. albicans cell walls, leading to reduced colonization, with the 10% group showing the highest efficacy. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that SeNPs are effective against C. albicans colonization when combined with acrylic resin. Specifically, SeNPs exhibited enhanced antifungal properties at a concentration of 10%. These findings confirm that SeNPs are a promising alternative to traditional antifungal agents for treating oral candidiasis and denture-induced stomatitis.
Students’ perspectives and expectations on the planning phase of elective postings in phase III of the MBBS program
Authors: Manickam Dhivya , Shanmugam Jeevithan , MG Sridhar , Fogarty Blesson S. , Kumar Akshay
Published: December 2024

Background: The National Medical Council (NMC) in its new Curriculum Based Medical Education (CBME) has mandated four weeks of elective postings for phase III part II MBBS students of 2019 batch. Each student will undergo two weeks of training in block-1 subjects including pathology, microbiology, virology, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, immunology, infection control, research, community outreach experience and others. Block-2 electives include psychiatry, neonatology, dermatology, rehabilitation and palliative care, hematology, oncology and others. Since the 2019 batch of students were the first batch of students who have undergone electives postings, this study was conducted to understand their perspectives and expectations about the planning phase of the elective postings, so that appropriate changes could be made in the future to make the learning experience more fruitful. Methods: This was a questionnaire-based study done among 198 phase III, part II MBBS students in various Government and self-financing medical colleges across South-India (mainly Tamilnadu). The google form questionnaire was shared to the students through social media platforms. Results: Among the study participants 25% were from Government medical colleges and the 75% are from self-financing medical colleges. Majority of the students chose the block-2 elective subject based on their interest whereas only half of the students chose their elective subject in block-1 based on interest. A significantly higher number of students in private medical colleges were given information about the expected learning experience in each elective posting before choosing one in block-1. A significantly higher number of students in block-1 were given a schedule and logbook when compared to block-2. All the students were given a logbook in Government medical colleges in both block-1 and block-2 postings. Conclusion: Providing a proper learning environment and appropriate planning by the stakeholders for elective postings, as recommended by the NMC will motivate the students to perform better academically and will guide them to choose their specialization based on their interests and the needs of the country.
«OSTROVSKY REMAINS ONE OF THE MOST DEMANDED FIGURES IN RUSSIAN CLASSICAL LITERATURE»: CONVERSATIONAL SIGNALS IN THE PLAYS BY ALEXANDER OSTROVSKY
Authors: Gantsovskaya Nina S. , Lidong Qin
Published: December 2024

The article examines the features of the playwright’s artistic manner in the area of displaying vivid colloquial signals against the background of the traditional bookish basis of the characters’ speech using the mid-19th-century play “An Old Friend Is Better than Two New Ones” as an example. The dialogues between the representatives of the Moscow bourgeoisie, the dressmaker Olin’ka and her mother, and the speech of the merchant Gustomesov, replete with expressive examples of colloquial vocabulary and phraseology, enrich the traditional composition of the lexical and grammatical means of the Russian literary language. The article provides fairly lengthy texts of the characters’ speech with graphic highlighting of lexical, lexical and grammatical, and stable colloquial and bookish means of different etiology, colloquial, dialectal, neutral-bookish, and distorted-bookish, close to colloquial speech, with their subsequent interpretation. It is concluded that the colloquial elements of the language of the characters in this play by the playwright, skillfully presented by the author in the form of signals, still remain accessible to the understanding of the modern public and, with their freshness and vivid imagery, are capable of bringing aesthetic pleasure to the reader.
Вложенность региональных экономик и прогнозирование новых сильных секторов
Authors: Афанасьев М.Ю. , Кудров А.В.
Published: December 2024

Рассматривается задача прогнозирования появления в регионе новых сильных секторов. На основе методов вероятностного и статистического моделирования построена модель, позволяющая оценить вероятность появления в регионе нового сильного сектора с учетом характеристик структуры экономики. Возможность построения такой модели основана на предположении о том, что появление и развитие секторов в значительной степени обусловлено эволюцией прошлой экономической деятельности. Модель использует введенные авторами показатели вложенности структур сильных секторов региональных экономик. Эти показатели основаны на вероятностной интерпретации и свойствах элементов матрицы, по которой оценивается экономическая сложность в соответствии с традиционным подходом. Для каждого региона оценена вероятность возникновения в его структуре сильного сектора. На основе упорядочения секторов по значению этих вероятностей и оценок их потенциального вклада в социально-экономическое развитие может быть дана экспертная оценка целесообразности развития в регионе нового сильного сектора.

It is considered the problem of forecasting the emergence of new strong sectors in the region. On the basis of probabilistic and statistical modeling the model which allows to estimate the probability of appearance of a new strong sector in the region taking into account characteristics of economic structure is constructed. The possibility of building such a model is based on the assumption that the emergence and development of sectors is largely determined by the evolution of past economic activity. The model uses the indicators of embedding structures of the strong sectors of regional economies introduced by the authors. These indicators are based on the probabilistic interpretation and properties of the elements of the matrix, by which economic complexity is estimated according to the traditional approach. For each region the probability of occurrence in its structure of a particular sector as a strong sector is estimated. Based on the ordering of sectors according to the value of these probabilities and assessments of their potential contribution to socio-economic development, an expert assessment of the feasibility of developing a new strong sector in the region can be made.
Задача перехода к симбиотической экономике
Authors: Пастухов А.В.
Published: December 2024

Глобальный интернет-сервис WWW был изначально разработан для открытого обмена научной информацией и не был спроектирован для цифрового экономического взаимодействия. Однако бурное развитие WWW как основы цифровой экономики привело к трем глобальным проблемам — интернет стал небезопасен, неаутентичен и потерял связность информации. Сегодня набрал актуальность вопрос создания нового глобального интернет-сервиса, специально спроектированного для цифрового экономического взаимодействия в общепланетарном масштабе. Концепция такого сервиса разрабатывается в рамках создания Торгово-промышленно-финансового интернета.

The global Internet service WWW was originally developed for the open exchange of scientific information and was not designed for digital economic interaction. However, the rapid development of WWW as the basis of the digital economy has led to three global problems — the Internet has become insecure, inauthentic and has lost the connectivity of information. Today, the issue of creating a new global Internet service specially designed for digital economic interaction on a planetary scale has gained urgency. The concept of such a service is being developed as part of the creation of the Commercial, Industrial and Financial Internet.