bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le rôle des capitaux propres dans la stratégie financière des banques. Cas des banques européennes et nord-américaines
Authors: Harmatallah Ali , Jacquet Dominique
Published: October 2024

La crise financière de 2008 confirme l’importance, pour les banques, de disposer de capitaux propres suffisants et de qualité pour faire face aux aléas économiques et opérationnels, et ainsi maitriser les risques d’insolvabilité et de défaillance. De plus, les évolutions récentes montrent l’importance de la valeur financière de la flexibilité fondée sur l’approche optionnelle proposée par S.-C. Myers (1977). En outre, nos résultats ont montré qu’un niveau des fonds propres supérieur au minimum exigé est bénéfique et contribuait, à améliorer la valeur boursière des banques.
Vie et mort de la comptabilité matricielle. Une revue de littérature structurée
Authors: Meghraoui Kada
Published: October 2024

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une clarification du concept de comptabilité matricielle tout en mettant en valeur les éléments qui plaident pour sa diffusion. Le second intérêt de l’article réside dans le fait d’exposer l’origine de l’apparition de la comptabilité matricielle face à la comptabilité par partie double mais également de mesurer son évolution dans le temps afin de comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles elle ne s’est pas diffusée. Pour y parvenir, nous avons réalisé une analyse documentaire structurée en 10 étapes (M. Massaro et al., 2016). Nos recherches sont effectuées sur la base des 20 revues de recherche les plus citées ces cinq dernières années, spécialisées en comptabilité, en recourant à Google Scholar Metrics. Il est également fait référence aux 25 meilleures revues du classement Scimago qui utilise le H index. Après avoir effectué le tri des revues selon ces deux critères, nous obtenons une liste commune de 28 revues. D’autres documents sont utilisés en complément de notre sélection : thèses de doctorat, papiers de recherche, actes de congrès, ouvrages spécialisés et articles professionnels et éducatifs sur le sujet. Nous constatons que la comptabilité matricielle ne s’est pas développée à l’époque en raison d’un manque d’avancée informatique et surtout de la difficulté pour conserver le détail de l’ensemble des transactions réalisées dans une matrice rendant son utilisation assez lourde. Malgré la possibilité d’utiliser la comptabilité matricielle pour enregistrer des transactions, élaborer des états financiers et calculer des coûts, nous constatons que cet outil n’a pu s’imposer. Nos recherches étant limitées dans l’espace et le temps (1846-2018), ainsi que sur le nombre de revues retenues, certaines sources ont pu éventuellement échapper à son auteur. Nous pensons malgré tout que notre échantillon est représentatif.
L’éthique dans les modèles d’affaires du tourisme tunisien. Du tourisme de masse vers le tourisme alternatif
Authors: Ernez Molka , Ernez Belkis
Published: October 2024

L’éthique se place au cœur des nouveaux modèles d’affaires du tourisme tunisien de l’île de Djerba à l’horizon de la stratégie (2022-2035). Par des entretiens avec 58 entreprises du tourisme alternatif de l’île de Djerba en Tunisie, cet article explore les changements réalisés pour créer de la valeur dans le cadre d’une réflexion guidée par l’éthique. L’innovation consiste en la diffusion du tourisme alternatif sous différentes formes : tourisme durable, responsable, équitable, solidaire… en tant qu’alternatives au tourisme de masse fortement controversé pour ses effets sur l’environnement, l’humain et le social. Cette étude met en évidence un lien entre les valeurs de l’entreprise et la valeur ajoutée du modèle d’affaires. La valeur est créée par des innovations managériales valorisées souvent par des approches de labellisation. Elle est capturée grâce aux réseaux et aux prestataires de l’écosystème de l’innovation territoriale et elle est diffusée grâce aux canaux de communication et au personnel.
Effet modérateur du gouvernement d’entreprise sur la relation entre la qualité de l’information comptable et la performance d’entreprise
Authors: Hamrouni Salma , Kilani Hadda , Montassar Zayati
Published: October 2024

Nous nous proposons, dans ce papier, d’étendre l’analyse sur l’effet des mécanismes de gouvernance d’entreprises sur la qualité de l’information comptable représentée par le conservatisme comptable, et d’étudier l’effet modérateur de cette dernière sur la relation entre les mécanismes de gouvernement et la performance au contexte des entreprises tunisiennes. Nous essayons, alors de tester empiriquement dans le contexte des entreprises françaises et sur une période allant de 2014 à 2021, l’effet de la structure de propriété et du conseil d’administration sur la qualité de l’information comptable (mesuré par le conservatisme) et sur la relation performance-conservatisme.
Entrepreneuriat féminin et performance. Impact de la crise de la Covid-19 sur la perception de la performance auprès des femmes entrepreneures
Authors: Rouatbi Amina
Published: October 2024

Cet article s’intéresse aux impacts de la crise de la Covid-19 sur la perception de la performance des femmes entrepreneures dans un contexte français. L’exacerbation des inégalités entre les femmes et les hommes constatée avec la crise sanitaire concerne aussi l’entrepreneuriat féminin. Les entreprises créées et gérées par des femmes ont été plus vulnérables face à la crise, avec un nombre important d’abandon du projet entrepreneurial. Cela semble soutenir l’hypothèse souvent affirmée dans la littérature d’une moindre performance économique de l’entrepreneuriat féminin mesurée en termes de croissance du chiffre d’affaires, du profit ou de la création d’emploi. Pourtant, le concept même de performance peut être questionné et ne fait pas consensus dans les communautés académiques. L’intégration d’une dimension sociale et la prise en compte des spécificités de l’entreprise (taille, secteur d’activité, gouvernance, type de ratios) amènent à considérer une vision financière et non financière de la performance. Il est important de comprendre ce que les entrepreneures elles-mêmes considèrent comme la performance de leur entreprise, les critères et les indicateurs qu’elles privilégient. Nous intégrons cette perspective compréhensive et réflexive de la performance des femmes entrepreneurs. Nous cherchons à comprendre comment les femmes définissent la performance et comment ces référentiels ont évolué avec la crise de la Covid-19. L’enquête qualitative est menée à partir d’un groupe de 12 femmes entrepreneures de la région Grand Est avant et après la crise sanitaire. L’enquête montre que la crise de la Covid-19 a renforcé l’importance des critères de performance non financière pour les femmes entrepreneures, en particulier le soutien aux communautés locales dans lequel le projet entrepreneurial s’inscrit. Des implications pratiques découlent de ce constat, notamment quant au design des dispositifs de soutien par les pouvoirs publics et les écosystèmes entrepreneuriaux territoriaux pour accompagner la création d’entreprises au féminin et leur résilience face aux crises.
Interventions numériques et promotion de l’activité physique : une revue narrative
Authors: Le Foll David , Rascle Olivier , Moyon Lisa , Pavic Tivizio , Cheval Boris , Caille Pauline
Published: October 2024

L’inactivité physique, qui concerne plus d’un quart de la population mondiale, est reconnue comme un facteur majeur d’incidence de maladies chroniques et de mortalité prématurée. Face à cette pandémie, le développement d’interventions favorisant l’adoption et le maintien d’un mode de vie actif est devenu une préoccupation majeure de santé publique. L’objectif de cette revue narrative est de proposer un état des lieux de la littérature existante sur les bénéfices des interventions utilisant les technologies numériques comme catalyseurs pour encourager l’adoption de modes de vie physiquement actifs, tout en identifiant les points de vigilance qui accompagnent leur déploiement. Les études montrent un effet modéré mais positif de ces interventions sur le niveau d’activité physique. Toutefois, si ces dernières se révèlent bénéfiques pour une majorité de personnes, indépendamment de l’âge, de l’état de santé ou de l’outil numérique mobilisé, les effets s’atténuent avec le temps et leur efficacité n’est pas avérée pour les individus ayant un statut socio-économique faible. Pour résoudre les problèmes d’équité en matière de santé, les recherches futures devraient se concentrer sur l’identification des outils numériques et des techniques de changements de comportements les plus adaptés à des populations spécifiques. Au regard de cet objectif, l’intégration des connaissances scientifiques et des modèles théoriques dans les outils et interventions numériques élaborés pour promouvoir l’activité physique reste insuffisante.
APA et e-santé, une alliance originale et efficace pour transformer les comportements santé des patients en ALD
Authors: Riehi Rihab , Sit Guillaume , Ballouk Souhad , Diaz Elena , Femery Virginie
Published: October 2024

Introduction : L’activité physique adaptée (APA) a un impact reconnu sur la réduction de complications chez des sujets malades chroniques ou fragiles. Depuis 2021, le dispositif Vivoptim propose aux patients en affection de longue durée (ALD) une prise en charge d’un an incluant des services digitaux, des entretiens avec une équipe de professionnels de la santé pluridisciplinaire et un programme d’APA remboursé. Notre objectif est de montrer l’impact positif de ce dispositif sur les comportements santé et l’augmentation de l’activité physique des patients en ALD. Méthodes : 130 sujets (femmes : 84 %, âge moyen : 62 ans) avaient réalisé un bilan de condition physique (BCP) à l’inclusion et ont été accompagnés un an. L’activité physique, le stress, la qualité du sommeil, le poids étaient évalués par questionnaire. La fragilité était estimée avec les tests du BCP. Les résultats observés étaient comparés avec les tests de McNemar et de Student. Résultats : Après un an, nous observions chez des patients en majorité fragiles (57 %), des augmentations des proportions de sujets ayant une activité physique modérée plus de 2h30/semaine (85 % vs 60 %, p<0.001), une bonne qualité de sommeil (+13 %, p<0.05) et un faible niveau de stress (+14 %, p<0.001). 55 % des sujets étaient motivés à poursuivre une APA après cet accompagnement. Conclusions : Le dispositif phygital Vivoptim, a démontré son efficacité pour augmenter l’activité physique, améliorer les comportements de santé chez les patients en ALD. La prescription de l’APA, incluant systématiquement des BCP standardisés en début et fin de pratique APA est essentielle.
Utilité perçue de l’exergaming pour favoriser l’activité physique à l’école : étude pilote auprès des enseignants
Authors: Goncalves Aurélie , Vaillant-Coindard Eugénie , Lespiau Florence , Briet Gaëtan , Palermo Angèle , Decobert Elsa , Allegret-Bourdon Nathan , Charbonnier Élodie
Published: October 2024

Introduction : chez les enfants, les effets bénéfiques d’une activité physique régulière sur la santé sont bien connus, tout comme les effets néfastes de l’inactivité et de la sédentarité. Par conséquent, depuis septembre 2022, les écoles primaires françaises sont dans l’obligation de proposer 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne à leurs élèves. Cependant, cette mesure se confronte à de nombreuses contraintes et peu d’écoles parviennent à respecter cette obligation. Pour faciliter l’implémentation de cette mesure, les exergames , ou jeux vidéo actifs, peuvent constituer un levier prometteur pour inscrire les activités physiques sur les temps scolaires. But de l’étude : l’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets perçus par les enseignants d’une intervention basée sur de l’ exergaming , conduite auprès d’élèves de classes allant du CP au CM2, à raison d’une session de 30 minutes par jour, pendant 4 semaines. Pour cela, des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés avec les enseignants de chaque classe après l’intervention. Résultats : l’analyse de nos entretiens montre une augmentation perçue, en comparaison à avant l’intervention, de la motivation de leurs élèves pour les matières ciblées par l’intervention, d’un maintien d’un haut niveau de motivation pour l’activité physique, et d’une amélioration des relations entre les élèves. Conclusions : notre étude amène à considérer l’ exergaming comme pouvant être un moyen efficace pour faciliter l’implémentation des 30 minutes d’activité physique quotidienne dans les écoles, mais aussi pour promouvoir la motivation et un meilleur climat relationnel. Par conséquent, ces résultats incitent à généraliser l’utilisation de ce type de dispositif.
La transición del desengaño barroco al ilustrado en los textos de argumento astrológico
Authors: Caboni Paolo
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo pretende ofrecer un análisis de las diferentes acepciones que el concepto de desengaño asumió entre los siglos XVII y XVIII en textos de contenido astrológico. Por un lado, se explica cómo un determinado significado de la palabra se opone al engaño, entendido como estafa y fraude, y representa un proceso de desenmascaramiento moral de los astrólogos judiciales reputados charlatanes e impostores. Por otro, se comenta la resemantización del término en el pasaje del Barroco al periodo novator. De hecho, el cambio de perspectiva desde la que se discutieron las doctrinas astrológicas y astronómicas en este arco temporal se refleja en el paso de un desengaño aún ligado a una cosmovisión barroca a un desengaño que se adapta al nuevo espíritu de los tiempos con una acepción que resulta más moderna y científica.
Fourier, de Révolution en Académie
Authors: Mazari Idriss
Published: October 2024

Sans s’attacher précisément au texte, l’auteur nous livre une description de la vie et de l’œuvre de Fourier, ce mathématicien impérial (et positiviste, selon Comte) longtemps resté oublié.
Le poème sera toujours la genèse du monde
Authors: Nimrod  , Riffard Claire
Published: October 2024

Nimrod est l’un des poètes les plus importants du continent africain. Il a consacré deux ouvrages importants à Senghor. Le premier est un Tombeau de Léopold Sédar Senghor (Cognac, Le temps qu'il fait, 2003), qui se présente comme une riche méditation sur l’art poétique et l’héritage intellectuel légué par le « Grand Sénégalais ». Le second est une réédition augmentée du Senghor d’Armand Guibert (Paris, Seghers, 2006), qui offre une réflexion sur « le poème à l’épreuve du pouvoir », en parcourant les dernières décennies de la vie et de l’œuvre du poète-président (sans éluder « le drame qui gît dans le trait d’union » entre les deux termes). Dans cet entretien, Nimrod relit Senghor à la lumière d’aujourd’hui, en faisant le pari de son actualité. Il propose de ranger au magasin des accessoires certains colifichets, certaines formules, pour mieux apprécier l’intensité présente du poème senghorien.
L’universalisme de Senghor
Authors: Combe Dominique
Published: October 2024

À la fin des années 1950, Senghor élabore le concept de « Civilisation de l’Universel » emprunté à Teilhard de Chardin, en vue d’un « nouvel humanisme » affranchi de l’ethnocentrisme occidental, et enrichi par l’idée de la Négritude. Il s’agit de retracer la genèse et d’analyser les enjeux de ce concept depuis les années 1930, à partir de ses sources philosophiques, mais aussi religieuses (Teilhard de Chardin, Maritain), afin de mieux comprendre l’universalisme de Senghor, réduit par ses adversaires à un lieu commun néo-colonialiste.
La naissance du RSCS et de l’Albanie et la question du Kosovo
Authors: Tatarchuk Natalia
Published: October 2024

This article aims to revisit the complex history of the emergence of two Balkan countries: the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (KSCS) and Albania. For the policymakers of the first Yugoslavian State the question of Kosovo laid in the need to appropriate the region, that is to integrate the Kosovo Albanians into the Slavic state and modify the structure of the population in favour of the Slavs, especially the Serbs. For the Albanian nationalist movement on the other hand, starting from 1913 the problem with Kosovo resided in its attachment to Albania, which manifested in the local kačak movement. Due to the weakness of Albania and the incorporation of Kosovo and Metohija into the KSCS, the destiny of this region and of the Kosovar Albanians would eventually largely depend on the future policy of the Kingdom towards them.
Le préfixe sous- en français et ses équivalents polonais
Authors: Hrabia Michał
Published: October 2024

Le présent article se propose d’examiner le préfixe français sous- et ses équivalents polonais. Dans la première partie, l’auteur expose différentes approches théoriques relatives à la préfixation en sous- (les approches diachronique, cognitive et générative), avant de développer les grandes lignes de sa propre méthode d’analyse : l’analyse sémantico-traductionnelle. Cette méthode permet de révéler la polysémie des préfixes de manière indirecte, à travers des études contrastives. Plus précisément, elle offre la possibilité de dévoiler le répertoire sémantique d’un préfixe dans la langue source en analysant l’inventaire de ses équivalents dans la langue cible. La deuxième partie de l’article offre une illustration concrète de l’application de ladite méthode. Par le biais de recherches dans un corpus composé de deux grands dictionnaires français-polonais, l’auteur identifie sept groupes d’équivalents polonais de sous- (les préfixes pod-, sub-, niedo- ainsi que quelques constructions périphrastiques). Ensuite, il les soumet à un examen sémantique approfondi, ce qui lui permet de dégager quatre valeurs distinctes du préfixe étudié. En fin de compte, l’analyse révèle aussi certaines différences dans la répartition des valeurs distinguées dans l’espace mental du français et du polonais.
Métonymies urbaines
Authors: Senges Pierre
Published: October 2024

Ce volume est issu d’un travail de recherche-création mené dans le cadre d’un projet financé pendant trois ans par l’I-Site FUTURE. Le sujet retenu – la promenade érudite en ville – permet de rendre compte d’une rencontre : celle de l’écrivain et de la recherche en train de se faire. Après avoir assisté à des colloques, à des journées d’études et à un concours de nouvelles, organisés dans le cadre du programme Urbanature de l’université Gustave Eiffel, l’écrivain Pierre Senges a nourri ses nouvelles de références livresques et scientifiques, aussi bien « réelles » qu’inventées. L’artiste Sergio Aquindo a illustré le propos de l’écrivain par des « visions » livresques de la ville organique. Volume unique en son genre, ce hors-série de la collection « Savoirs en texte » permet de mettre en lumière la richesse des rencontres entre la science et l’art, l’érudition et la fiction.
Addressing Pedagogical Challenges in Digital Literacy for the Adoption of Society 5.0
Authors: Arora Sangeeta , Narang Sushi Kumar , Upreti Kamal , Singh Jagendra , Sharma Swati , Kapoor Shreya
Published: October 2024

The fourth stage of societal development (Society 4.0) was to create smart and connected units that can operate with greater efficiency, flexibility, and speed through the use of sensors, robotics, and other digital technologies that enable monitoring and managing production operations in real time. Society 5.0 originating from Japan, incorporates cutting-edge technology like artificial intelligence to achieve a smart and sustainable future. The aim of Society 5.0 is to tackle worldwide issues like climate change, population aging, and income disparity utilizing cutting-edge technologies. There are a range of opinions regarding Society 5.0 and its potential influence on the community. The current digital landscape requires a shift in pedagogical approaches to digital literacy with growing dependency on digital tools and platforms, traditional approaches to teaching digital literacy may no longer be sufficient. Thus, this chapter discussed the pedagogical shifts required in Society 4.0 to effectively prepare individuals for Society 5.0.
Enhancing Digital-Based Technology Planning, Leadership, and Management to Transform Education
Authors: Kathirvel Naren , Kathirvel A. , V. M. Gobinath
Published: October 2024

A computer-generated simulation known as virtual reality (VR) submerges viewers in a three-dimensional setting. Users using VR headsets can interact realistically with items and situations while giving the impression that they are in a different location. The combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) is causing a dramatic shift in communication technology. This talk examines the fascinating intersections between these domains, emphasizing how AI fosters communication and how advancements in AR/VR technology broaden the scope of connection. The rise of digital channels and devices has fragmented audiences, making it harder for marketers to reach their target demographics. Consumers interact with brands through various touchpoints, including social media, email newsletters, and mobile apps. However, this complexity presents challenges in delivering consistent experiences across all channels. Customer engagement is crucial for brands to stand out in a crowded marketplace
Quantitative Planning Tools and Techniques
Authors: Agboola Bolapeju Mary
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines quantitative planning tools and techniques for teaching, decision-making, policymaking, and education resource management in the context of whether, and to what extent, local realities, and planning theories and models informed the applications by the educators and leaders. The paper addresses the concepts, methods, practices, and applications of quantitative planning tools and techniques relevant to education management. The challenges influencing using these tools and techniques in decision-making were examined. The outcome of this paper provides modern reading material for educators, policymakers, leaders, and future researchers. The implications for the government on how to use policy and procedures planning tools for successfully implementing the initiative, programme, or intervention to improve educational systems management and sustainable policy on school leaders' and educators' professional development was examined.
Strategic Implementation of CO-PO Mapping in NBA Assessments for Enhancing Higher Education
Authors: Teja Nalla Bhanu , Thirunavukkarasu M. , Rajalakshmi C. , Arumugam Jeevanantham , Kumar K. R. Senthil
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the use of Course Outcomes (CO) and Program Outcomes (PO) mapping in NBA assessments, aiming to improve educational quality by aligning teaching content with program goals. The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the NBA accreditation process and the significance of CO-PO mapping in achieving accreditation standards. The methodology outlines a systematic approach for mapping COs to POs, involving precise and measurable outcomes, the use of assessment tools, and the analysis of mapping results. Case studies from various educational institutions showcase practical applications and best practices, discussing challenges encountered during implementation and strategies to overcome them. The chapter aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of how CO-PO mapping can enhance educational quality, ensuring graduates possess the necessary competencies for industry and society.
Hardware Vulnerabilities
Authors: Jhanjhi N. Z. , Shah Imdad Ali , Brohi Sarfraz Nawaz
Published: October 2024

The primary objective of this chapter is to address the hardware vulnerabilities risks and challenges. A hardware vulnerability is a flaw in a computer system that can be remotely exploited by threat actors. They can then infiltrate a network by introducing malicious code. Vulnerability management, also known as vulnerability mapping, is the continuous process of identifying, categorizing, prioritizing, fixing, and reducing vulnerabilities in an environment. It involves assigning software high priority and promptly addressing risks to stop data breaches and cyberattacks. Considering the nature of the hardware, hardware security is different from software, network, and data security, whether it is being used for attack or defense. We must take hardware security into account early in product life cycles since hardware design and manufacturing frequently take place prior to or during software development. Information systems are becoming more common in a world moving toward total digitization. These systems are complex systems with hardware at their core. The investigation of potential hardware vulnerabilities must be included when addressing the security of these systems to prevent potential intrusions and malicious uses, as their exploitation can render any online or software-based defences worthless. we define hardware security and offer a meaningful and thorough taxonomy for hardware vulnerabilities and the attacks that take advantage of them to compromise the system. Consequently, the researcher's focus on this topic has increased recently.
Harnessing Generative AI for Enhanced Web Application Security
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in bolstering the security of Web applications. It delves into how AI-driven techniques can be employed to predict, detect, and mitigate security threats in real-time, thereby safeguarding Web-based systems from potential vulnerabilities. Through a comprehensive analysis of current challenges in Web application security and the potential of Generative AI to transform traditional security paradigms, this chapter aims to provide a detailed overview of cutting-edge methodologies and their implications for the future of Web security. The term “advanced web application” signifies the improvement and fortification of electronic systems against potential vulnerabilities and security threats through the utilization of Generative AI. In the rapidly evolving landscape of web applications, ensuring robust security measures is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data and maintaining the integrity of online systems.
Ethical Concerns in Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Ali Shoukat , Rehman Abdul , Farooq Sumair
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence and governance ideas are being implemented in business and society. These are two of the most explored issues in the current period. Banks and financial institutions nowadays collect vast volumes of client information, which is then processed by artificial intelligence; yet, the fate of such information remains unknown. This study seeks to identify ethical difficulties in the application of artificial intelligence and presents solutions based on governance concepts. It also looks into the function of artificial intelligence in financial institutions. This study is exploratory, with a focus on primary data analysis. Primary data is collected using a standardized questionnaire distributed to bank personnel. The study's findings indicate that there is a significant association between ethical difficulties in AI implementation and the function of corporate governance in financial institutions. The findings also indicate that the effective and intelligent use of governance concepts can alleviate ethical concerns about artificial intelligence implementation.
Security Concerns
Authors: Ashraf Humaira Z.
Published: October 2024

This primarily aims to evaluate the ML approaches and web applications for authentication. Using machine learning, issues can be solved, and computers can carry out tasks. It attempts to understand the relationships between the data and automatically learns from the presented information. The relationship after that enables the machine to complete the tasks given to it successfully. In other words, machine learning teaches itself how to accomplish a task over time and then assists people in performing that activity. The capacity to design effective, safe, and user-friendly web applications remains a major problem in the constantly evolving field of web development. Web application developers must provide modular, reusable, and interactive web interface components that can adapt to the constantly shifting needs of users in terms of security, large-scale data transfer capabilities, and interface speed. One of the most important components of any modern web application is secure user login and permission. Stronger authentication is required to protect user data and the integrity of apps, as worries over data privacy and cybersecurity grow. Though there are a number of these solutions on the market, none of them completely integrates with the ecosystem built on React to offer safe and adaptable identity management. Effective and user-friendly web components are just as crucial for the appropriate administration of data and the successful user engagement of web applications as they are for security problems. As a result, the thesis concentrates on providing a more thorough explanation of reusable web components, including what they are and how to create them with TypeScript, React, and Redux. Therefore, this chapter is a practical attempt to design and develop safe, reusable, and effective web components inside a React ecosystem to meet these difficulties. By doing this, the research advances the subject of web development and provides a guide for programmers wishing to incorporate comparable features.
Introduction to Generative AI in Web Engineering
Authors: Mahadevappa Poornima , Muzammal Syeda Mariam , Tayyab Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Generative AI is transforming the art and science of web engineering by automating content generation, design and development through models like GAN, VAE or Transformers. These models can produce authentic text like a writer and other media, including images, so developers would save more time in web development and improve creativity and scalability. From automated web design and content personalization to adaptive user interface or code optimization, the uses of generative AI could be limitless. Integrating AI with web engineering allows developers to generate dynamic and tailored user interface applications that adapt to the unique requirements of each user. Nevertheless, issues like data quality, bias and ethical considerations require ongoing attention to ensure responsible AI usage. Overall, generative AI can revolutionize web development for a future of innovation and more intelligent, efficient, user-centric web applications.
Exploring Security Challenges in Generative AI for Web Engineering
Authors: Muzammal Syeda Mariam , Mahadevappa Poornima , Tayyab Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Web engineering is being transformed rapidly by Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly by Generative AI (GenAI), through its potential for automation in content creation, source code generation, design creation, and optimization. Along with the tremendous benefits that the integration of GenAI and Web Engineering offers, significant security concerns arise related to secure deployment and data privacy. This chapter explores the importance and growing adoption of GenAI tools and techniques in web development, emphasizing the security considerations, such as potential vulnerabilities, including model manipulation, adversarial attacks, and data leakage. A thorough review of the existing studies reveals the primary security threats and attacks, including the recommended countermeasures. Moreover, the ethical implications of GenAI for web engineering have also been investigated. By highlighting the security and privacy concerns, this study shall benefit the researchers, developers, and organizations in adapting careful steps for GenAI utilization for web engineering process, taking into account the issues and challenges related to the user trust, privacy, security, and data integrity.
Generative AI and Web Applications
Authors: Arbab Saira Khurram , Rizwan Farzeen
Published: October 2024

The primary aim of this chapter is to focus on Generative AI and web-based applications. Further, we address the security issues and challenges. In today's digital era, web-based applications have become indispensable tools in web engineering. From social media platforms to online banking services, the ubiquity of web-based applications shapes nearly every aspect of our daily lives. As we navigate the ever-expanding digital landscape, understanding the importance of these applications in web engineering is essential for businesses, developers, and users alike. A notable trend in 2023 was the increasing emphasis on sustainability and green computing within web engineering. Businesses sought to develop eco-friendly web-based applications by optimizing energy consumption, reducing carbon footprints, and implementing environmentally conscious development practices. Despite their widespread adoption, the deployment of web-based applications is not without challenges. The study addresses key issues, including cybersecurity threats, compatibility concerns across diverse platforms, and the complexities of ensuring smooth integration with existing systems. Additionally, the abstract acknowledges that a crucial component of web-based applications in 2023 will be the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. Companies use AI deliberately to improve overall functionality, automate tasks, and improve user experiences. The study emphasizes how artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to address problems in fields like cybersecurity, where sophisticated algorithms help with improved threat identification and mitigation. Identifying and mitigating these challenges is critical for ensuring sustained success and functionality of web-based applications. In our view, the importance of web-based applications in web engineering is paramount. These applications serve as the backbone of digital transformation, empowering businesses to meet the demands of an increasingly interconnected world. Address the challenges identified, our opinion emphasizes the need for a proactive approach, incorporating robust cybersecurity measures, continuous innovation, and a commitment to adaptability. By leveraging the potential of web-based applications, businesses can not only meet current demands but also position themselves strategically for the future of web engineering.
Characterization Methods for Nanomaterials
Authors: Kadam Yogesh K. , Solanki Kinjal D. , Shaikh Mihar S. , Savle Ashwini M. , Malek Naved I. , Mishra Neelam
Published: October 2024

The characterization of nanoparticles is a critical element in nanotechnology, allowing for the exploration and enhancement of their distinct properties for various uses. This chapter elaborates various methods utilized in nanoparticle characterization, emphasizing on the techniques such as electron microscopy (TEM, SEM, and AFM), scattering (DLS), diffraction (XRD), and spectroscopy (UV-Vis, FTIR). Microscopic methods (TEM and SEM) offer detailed information on morphology and size distribution while AFM provides nano scale surface topography. Spectroscopic methods provide insights into chemical composition and surface chemistry. By combining these techniques, a thorough understanding of nanoparticle properties is gained which is crucial for their successful application in fields like medicine, electronics, and environmental science. Each of these techniques offers unique advantages and insights into the properties, structures, and behaviours of materials and biological specimens, contributing to advancements in scientific understanding and technological innovation.
Effective Strategy for Delivering Nano-Liposomal Encapsulated Mycobacterial ESAT-6 Vaccine Adjuvant in Tuberculosis
Authors: Shaikh Zuber Peermohammed , Bhise Satish Balkrishna
Published: October 2024

Nanoparticles-based biological products need to be explore for finding out newer adjuvants. Most of next generation adjuvants are in clinical trials. Vaccine funding agencies should consider and initiate specific funding programs for adjuvant science and clinical development; even it remains a major roadblock in new vaccine development, too. In current context of research, the authors elaborated the nano-liposomal encapsulated ESAT-6 vaccine subunit adjuvant with chitosan polymers. Methodology involves, for characterization of these, nano-liposomal formulation, particle size, in vitro drug release, and different pre-clinical pharmacology approaches for evaluation of nanovaccine anti-tubercular activity. This research is not exhaustive of all cellular compartments or agents and many subsets have been well reviewed. Indeed, many of these cells or antimicrobial mediators may play significant roles in prevention of Mtb infection, as signs of measurable memory immune responses in some cases are not evident, and could explain why some individuals are resistant to infection.
Cutting-Edge Nanotechnology in Oncology Therapy Advancements and Application
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Satav Varsha D. , Reddy Akki Rajasekhar , Alagarsamy Shanmugarathinam , Bhattacharya Sumanta
Published: October 2024

The study's goal was to discuss current research on nanoparticles and the different kinds of nanoparticles that can be used to deliver medications via parenteral infusion. The use of nanoparticles in fitness sciences and pharmacy, such as in targeted therapy and cancer therapy, is very beneficial for the advancement of the healthcare system. Along with reducing toxicity, enhancing release, and providing better formulation options, it helps to increase the solubility and bioavailability of medications. Several profitable oral medications have been developed using nanoparticles technology to enhance API absorption. Nano-milling progression is used to increase absorption of nano-parenteral. In oncology, dynamic target is beneficial because it can minimise side effects, especially when treating malignancies. By modifying cancer immunotherapy, this system is expected to soon offer new therapeutic options.
New Developments and Challenges in Nanomaterial-Based Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Panday Manish Kumar , Agarwal Manish Baboo , Mehrotra Manu , Mittal Pankaj , Goyal Pankaj , Agarwal Seema , Etana Nagasa Maraba
Published: October 2024

Vaccinations are increasingly crucial for global public health as they significantly reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases. However, traditional vaccine delivery methods have drawbacks such as stability issues, variable effectiveness, and immune response specificity. To tackle these challenges, researchers have turned to nanomaterials for innovative vaccine administration solutions. This chapter assesses the latest progress in using nanomaterials for vaccine delivery, discussing their advantages, hurdles, and potential future developments. Nanomaterials possess unique properties that make them more effective in stimulating an immune response by delivering antigens, and other immunostimulatory substances. They can enhance vaccine stability, target specific cells, provide controlled release, and minimize side effects. There are hurdles to overcome, including safety concerns, manufacturing difficulties, regulatory approvals, and public perception. Nanomaterials show promise for vaccines, combination therapies, global health applications, and multidisciplinary research.
Sustainable Methods for Solid Waste Management in High-Altitude Tourist Regions
Authors: Kaur Gaganjot , Reepu  , Sharma Shalini
Published: October 2024

The research paper examines the issues of waste disposal and disposal management of solid waste, mainly in the hitherto sensitive mountainous regions experiencing an upsurge in tourist activities. Out of all these disputed areas, the impact of environmental degradation resulting from wastes generated by tourism and urbanization, especially in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya (HKH) and other high-altitude regions of the world, is depicted in this study. The paper also reveals the problem of extreme geographical conditions, harsh ground, impassable roads, and an insufficient number of dumpsites in these areas. Other green waste management strategies include prohibiting single-use plastics, preventing cold-acclimatized bacteria from composting waste, and preventing UAVs from transporting waste. The specific focus is on the need to engage the NGOs in community-based waste management programs and approaches based on the experience from IHR and Nepal. The study also includes a model to predict the pattern of waste generation about waste management capacity over time and to assess the impact of future improvements in recycling and composting. The cross-sectional study on tourist awareness and practices on waste disposal indicates that different categories of tourists have various levels of understanding and practices and, therefore, a need to embark on campaigns that target domestic tourists and other tourists from other countries. Finally, it underscores the need for sustainable solid waste management practices in such environments with long-lasting bit technical and practical approaches that will involve the populace of the regions and the development of appropriate technologies for the ecological balance of mountainous areas.
Future Directions and Outlook for Waste Management in Rural Touristic Areas
Authors: Semwal Rajeev , Tripathi Nandita , Tyagi Priyanka
Published: October 2024

This chapter looks at waste management in rural tourist locations, particularly in the Himalayas. It examines present waste management procedures, analyses the region's geography, climate, and socio-economic issues, and makes sustainable trash disposal solutions. The chapter emphasizes comprehensive waste management plans, stakeholder participation, and community involvement throughout. It also studies future trends and developing technologies like enhanced waste processing and circular economy techniques, which may solve waste management problems. Through case studies and best practices, the chapter explores successful waste management systems and their effects on environmental conservation and sustainable tourism. The guidelines help stakeholders create and execute Himalayan-specific waste management solutions for long-term sustainability and environmental preservation.
Thirty-day outcome of patients who present with chest pain to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital of Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasekera MMPT , Nawarathna TND , Wanniarachchi WKMNU , Navarathne MB , Bopitiya AK , Edirisinghe EMDT , Wijesinghe RANK
Published: October 2024

Background: Patients present with chest pain causes significant burden to the workload in an emergency department (ED). Quick but thorough attention is needed for life threatening emergencies and to minimize unnecessary admissions. We assess the burden of chest pain and 30-day outcome of patients who present with chest pain to the ED.
Methodology: Prospective observational study of all adult patients presented to ED over one month with the primary complain of chest pain were evaluated and followed for 30 days.
Results: A total of 661 (20.3% of total admissions) patients (mean age 56.7±1 4.9 years, 51% males) were studied. Common causes for the chest pain included gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) (29%) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (25%). ACS patients included ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (10%), Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (6.7%) and unstable angina (8.3%). Fifty patients (75% of the STEMI patients) were thrombolysed. Primary angioplasty facility was not available in the hospital during the study period. Five patients (3% of the ACS patients) had coronary revascularization during the follow-up period – 2 patients had angioplasty and 3 patients had coronary bypass surgery. In-hospital mortality was 2.7%. Thirty-day mortality was 3.2%. Thirty three percent of them continued to have recurrent chest pain despite thorough investigation and treatment.
Conclusions: Chest pain carries a significant burden to the workload of a busy ED. The commonest causes for chest pain were ACS and GORD. A considerable number of patients continued to experienced chest pain despite investigations and treatment.
Diagnostic values of adenosine deaminase cytokines in fluid contributed to the detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Thu Huong Bui-Thi , Minh Hien Nguyen , Tien Dung Nguyen , Minh Hien Le-Thi , Cong Thanh Luu , Vu Dung Luu , Khanh Chi Tran , Khiem Nguyen-Van , Hai Yen Hoang
Published: October 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health problem. Detecting the changes of adenosine deaminase (ADA), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) released from macrophages and monocytes is greatly valuable in the diagnosis of TB. Hence, this study was designed to determine the optimal cut-off points of ADA, IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, allowing to differentiate pleural TB (PLTB), peritoneal TB (PTB), and meningeal TB (MTB). The study included 386 patients with pleural effusion, 47 patients with peritoneal effusion, and 134 patients with encephalitis and meningoencephalitis suspect of TB. ADA was determined by an enzyme kinetics method; cytokine concentration was measured by a test based on the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay principle. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were calculated and described. In the aspiration fluid, ADA activity was greatly different between PLTB, PTB, and MTB groups with values of 37.5 U/L, 30.5 U/L, and 8.1 U/L and sensitivity and specificity of 87.7% and 83.4%; 100% and 88.9%; 97.3% and 98.6%, respectively. Similar, IFN-γ concentrations were distinctively different between PLTB, PTB, and MTB patients (with values of 120 pg/mL, 200 pg/mL, and 30 pg/mL with sensitivity and specificity of 80.3% and 80.9%; 80.0% and 92.6%; 98.6% and 61.7%, respectively). The determination of ADA and IFN-γ levels in the aspiration fluid is potentially considered a highly sensitive and specific test for differentiating PLTB, PTB, and MTB.
Bacteriology of Otitis Externa in a Tertiary Health-care Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Yabo Umar Sufiyanu , Robert Iseh Kufre , Mohammed Yahaya , Kolawole Jimoh Ahmed , Malami Bello Muhammad , Inoh Mfon Ime
Published: October 2024

Background:

Otitis externa is the inflammation of the external auditory canal (EAC); it may be acute, subacute, or chronic in nature and the causative agents are usually bacteria, though occasionally fungi.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial acute otitis externa (AOE) and the pattern of bacterial isolates in AOE.

Material and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study involving 100 patients with otitis externa. Patients were recruited from ear, nose, and throat (ENT) outpatient clinic using consecutive sampling technique until the required sample size was achieved. The discharge from discharging ears was taken with ear swabs and evaluated for microbial agents. Data analysis was done using SPSS-IBM version 25.

Results:

A total of 100 patients were recruited; the patients aged from 4 to 57 years (mean age is 18.78 ± 10.67) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1. One hundred and twenty-four external ear discharge samples were cultured among 100 study groups, of which bacteria was isolated in 77 (62.1%) and no bacterial agent was isolated in 47 (37.1%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa 32 (41.6%) was the most common bacteria isolated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus – 13 (16.9%); others include Proteus mirabilis – 7 (9.0%), Escherichia coli – 4 (5.2%), Streptococcus pneumonia – 4 (5.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae – 3 (3.9%), Streptococcus pyogenes – 3 (3.9%), and Enterobacter aerogenes – 2 (2.6%).

Conclusion:

Otitis externa affects all age groups and genders; bacteria are a more prevalent causative agent. The common predisposing factors are the use of objects in scratching or cleaning EAC, use of earpiece, and swimming. The prevalence of bacterial otitis externa was 7.1%, and Gram-negative aerobes are the most prevalent.