bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Problem of “Excessiveness” of Family Education in China
Authors: Yongxin Zhu , Rongxian Wu
Published: May 2006

Recently in China there has been a problem of “excessiveness
of education”, i.e. parents′ education of their children exceeds
certain limits. This is considered under three categories: (1) excessive
attachment to children in daily life; (2) excessive care for children′s
study; and (3) use of excessive regular methods. Category (1) can lead
to priority being given to the child to the detriment of other family
members and at extreme financial cost. Category (2): in addition to
following school studies closely, parents often set extra‐curricular
tests and studies for their children and work out “unrealistic
objectives” which they expect their children to achieve. This
exerts great pressure on the children and has even led to cases of
suicide. In Category (3) children are taught at home pre‐school to the
degree that they are well‐advanced in studies when they enter primary
school. This has the negative effects that children are tired of study
before they even attend school or are bored because they have already
learned what they are now being taught. This continues throughout
education with parents acting as “second teachers”.
Excessive family education is seen to end in failure; producing negative
influences on the development of children′s intelligence and
personalities.
On Social Progress and Morals
Authors: Guojie Luo
Published: May 2006

There is an antinomy in the history of the world: i.e. at the same
time as social progress there is moral degeneracy. Some people think
that the degeneracy is a necessary price paid for the reform of China.
It is argued that the contradiction could have been avoided or reduced
to the minimum if we paid enough attention to morals. The criteria of
productive force and of morals are not in opposition, and the latter
cannot be replaced by the former in judging actions. In the moral field,
the former plays the role of “the criterion of criteria”; it
can be used as a criterion only through certain established moral
judgements.
Some Strategic Problems Concerning Forestry Development in China
Authors: Hou Hsioh‐yu
Published: May 2006

Forests should be thought of not merely as “timber”,
but also as treasuries of plants and animals as well as “green
reservoirs”. The preservation and management of montane forests
are therefore of importance. Different ways should be adopted according
to the corresponding conditions of four montane forest regions of China.
Afforestation in the humid eastern plains and southern rolling hills
should be paid great attention, because these areas have much more
rainfall, deep and fertile soil and sufficient atmospheric heat.
Protection forests planted on farmlands and along the southeastern
seaboard not only raise the output of crops, but also provide timber,
fuel and forage. It is necessary to strengthen the rewarding utilisation
system of forest resources. The current irrational remuneration of
afforestation workers and forest engineering workers doing similar jobs
but for different wages must be changed.
Resolving Problems of Water Shortage in China
Authors: Hou Hsioh‐yu
Published: May 2006

In order to resolve the problems of water shortage in China, one
should consider the integration of irrigation projects, water
conservation and economical utilisation of water. Irrigation projects
mean exploiting water resources. To transport water from rivers beyond
their own flowing reaches, it is necessary to prove its applicability
before undertaking construction work. Sinking wells can be done only in
areas with a plentiful amount of groundwater. Reservoirs also should be
constructed only in areas with sufficient water resources and where less
arable land has to be irrigated. Water conservation is connected closely
with afforestation or protection of forests as well as protection from
industrial pollution. Economic utilisation of water resources includes
using water wisely to grow crops, and economising on its use in industry
and for domestic purposes.
The Eternal Path to Communism: From Marx via Lenin and Stalin to Solzhenitsyn and Gorbachev
Authors: Conway O'Brien John
Published: May 2006

It is shown that the destination of communists can never be
reached. The goal of the perfect society is one which lies beyond the
powers of human nature. The analytical teachings of Marxism were
accepted by Lenin who devoted himself to the implementation of them in a
Russian setting and thereby creating a socialist society. The Party was
the dictatorship of the proletariat and not averse to the use of force.
Stalin sought to create the centrally planned economy with a mailed fist
and became a self‐appointed dictator at the same time as he paid lip
service to the Marxist‐Leninist ideology. Solzhenitsyn decries the evils
of the USSR and attributes them to the evils of the Marxist‐Leninist
ideology. Gorbachev, alive to the shortcomings of the socialist society
and the dangers of a nuclear war has, unlike his predecessors, assumed
the role of diplomat and peacemaker. Communism is still bent on world
domination.
Improving Working Relationships: Group Effectiveness
Training
Authors: Lusher Brian
Published: May 2006

Working relationships are explored in a workshop situation, between
a Personnel Director and Senior Managers, with the object of modifying
structures and procedures as well as changes in behaviour. Reference to
the literature available was resorted to during the workshop, as well as
the differing methods of applying group effectiveness training and
exploring the possible solutions to the inherent problems.
Making Middle Managers?
Authors: Randlesome Collin
Published: May 2006

The route into lower and even middle management in West Germany for
non‐graduates, all of whom will have completed either a technical or a
commercial apprenticeship, is described. The apprenticeship system
itself is depicted in brief, but the main body of the article is devoted
to the higher vocational qualifications which hold the key to a career
in management. It concludes with a discussion on whether or not the
holders of these higher vocational qualifications should be regarded as
lower or middle managers, and contrasts the upward permeability of West
German companies with the situation for similarly‐qualified personnel in
France.
Management Education for Professional Engineers
Authors: Batley Tom
Published: May 2006

The Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand (IPENZ)
commissioned a management training needs analysis of the 6,000 members
in 1988. The objectives were to determine the specific management
subjects required for further education and training of experienced
graduate engineers and their preferred methods of learning. The survey
commenced with pilot study interviews with professional engineers
leading to a questionnaire sent to a representative sample of IPENZ
members throughout New Zealand. The results showed strong agreement
about the managerial content of most professional engineering work. They
also indicated a large majority who recognised the need for further
education in business management subjects. The analysis indicated the
most preferred management subjects from a comprehensive list ranked by
professional engineers: personal and interpersonal management skills;
general management and decision making; individual, group and
organisational behaviour; finance and accounting; personnel management;
project management. The least required management subjects chosen from
the list were quantitative methods and information systems. These
management subject preferences are not satisfied by the majority of
short management training courses presently offered to professional
engineers.
Who Trains Whom and How?
Authors: Johnes Geraint
Published: May 2006

A study of training opportunities in the Lancaster and Morecambe
area of north‐west England is undertaken. In common with much of the UK,
there is a substantial degree of mismatch between skills possessed by
job seekers and those sought by firms. Training facilities offered by
firms in the area are good. Over 80 per cent of vacancies in
manufacturing are for jobs where the employer offers some kind of
training for new employees. The most common forms of training are
on‐the‐job, though more formal schemes are also widely used in certain
occupations.
Training the Trainers for Small Business
Authors: Gibb Allan A.
Published: May 2006

This article is written for practitioners. It argues that training
policies should clearly be related to objectives of stimulating the role
of start‐ups, improving survival rates and increasing the growth
potential of small firms. It argues also that the supply offer of
training in Europe is somewhat below that of need. It looks at the
possible reasons for this both from the demand and the supply side. It
suggests that the small firm needs distinct approaches by trainers and
organisers and a level of professional competence which might yet be
largely missing. It identifies the necessary competences for trainer and
organiser to deliver effective training. It concludes by arguing the
case for the development of a professional cadre of small business
trainers across Europe.
The Tailor‐made Training Maze: A Practitioner′s Guide to
Evaluation
Authors: Smith Alison J. , Piper John A.
Published: May 2006

Management training and development is currently in vogue. There
appears to be a growing belief in the benefits of investment in training
and development. When a market is buoyant is the time to consider and
anticipate the consequences of a future downturn in demand. Such a
downturn in demand may demonstrate increasing pressure to
“justify” investment in training and development. There is a
long established academic body of knowledge on the subject of evaluating
training and development. From research evidence and the authors′
experience, the sponsors and the providers of training and development
pay scant attention to systematic evaluation of these activities and
investments. It is the authors′ contention that when the market′s
critical assessment of the value of training and development increases
there will be an increasing interest in evaluation. An overview of the
history of evaluation traditions is provided and the state of play is
commented upon. It is noted that there is a shortfall between theory and
practice. It is argued that evaluation is a worthwhile and important
activity and ways through the evaluation literature maze and the
underpinnings of the activity are demonstrated, especially to
management. Similarly the literature on evaluation techniques is
reviewed. Tables are provided which demonstrate areas of major activity
and identify relatively uncharted waters. This monograph provides a
resource whereby practitioners can choose techniques which are
appropriate to the activity on which they are engaged. It highlights the
process which should be undertaken to make that choice in order that
needs of the major stakeholders in the exercise are fully met.
Evaluation of Management Training ‐Subjectivity and the
Individual
Authors: Smith Alison
Published: May 2006

Evaluation of management training courses is a subject much
discussed but, generally speaking, superficially carried out. This
article identifies evaluation procedures and highlights their
shortcomings. In summary, there is too great an emphasis on providing an
objective (and positivistic) evaluation report and too little
recognition of subjective and peculiar issues which do not necessarily
fit the frame. The article′s concern is to bring these areas to greater
attention so that more comprehensive evaluation takes place and,
consequently, better training.
Developing Tomorrow′s Professionals Today
Authors: Coulson‐Thomas Colin J.
Published: May 2006

Human resource is increasingly recognised as a critical success
factor and limiting constraint. Chairmen and CEOs are seeking actively
to build more flexible and responsive “network
organisations”. They recognise increasingly the need for ongoing
learning and change, and harnessing the potential of all employees. Yet
too often personnel and other functional specialists are obstacles to,
rather than facilitators of, change. Human resource practitioners must
recognise the growing requirement for facilitating skills and processes,
the diversity of preferred learning styles, and the importance of
identifying learning potential. In particular they must understand how
barriers to effective learning can be identified, overcome and
facilitated by appropriate technology.
Television – Business Tool of the Future
Authors: Crofts Andrew
Published: May 2006

Television, the most powerful informational and educational tool to
be invented since the printing press, is finally realising its
potential. It can now provide a medium for two‐way communication via
private corporate networks, video conferencing facilities and
interactive training products. The Age of Business Television has truly
arrived.
Developing the International Manager
Authors: Barham Kevin
Published: May 2006

The current need for language training is discussed and, perhaps
more importantly, with a view to 1992, cross‐cultural awareness.
Language training is geared to cultural understanding rather than total
fluency.
Training for Enterprise Development: The Enterprise Agency
Network
Authors: Gibson Martin , Sloan Maureen
Published: May 2006

The work of local enterprise agencies in the UK and the important
role which an effective training programme can make to their continued
development is assessed. Important changes have occurred since their
initial formation and future changes can be anticipated. Training is
therefore required to ensure that agencies remain capable of providing a
professional support service. A study covering all agencies in
North‐west England of the training needs identified by agency directors
is analysed. It stems from an 18‐month project funded by the Training
Agency as a Local Development Project with participation from businesses
in the community and the agencies themselves. The difficulties involved
in defining training needs are considered, in particular the problem of
accurately relating training to agency performance and the problems of
delivery in the light of the structure and nature of the agencies.
A Continuous Development Approach to Training Health
Service Personnel Specialists
Authors: Torrington Derek , Waite Denise , Weightman Jane
Published: May 2006

Competency analysis for training and development remains
controversial and varied in both interpretation and application.
Research for the North Western Regional Health Authority has led to the
development of a self‐assessment method, using a job‐composite model as
part of a continuous development approach to the training of personnel
specialists.
Corporate Transformation: The People Requirement
Authors: Coulson‐Thomas Colin
Published: May 2006

Summarizes the findings of three recent surveys. Presents the
management qualities required for successful corporate transformation,
and stresses the importance of both clear vision and top management
commitment.
Competence Standards for Industry Trainers: Alternative
Models
Authors: Garrick John , McDonald Rod
Published: May 2006

Focuses on competence standards being developed for industry or
workplace trainers. Refers to four alternative models of
competence‐based standards, contrasts their underlying assumptions,
their implications for trainers and future conceptions of training
roles. Presents an integrated model which is being developed at the
University of Technology, Sydney.
Marketing established brands
Authors: Tindall James R.
Published: May 2006

Examines the enormous marketing and financial opportunities for
profitable growth through better marketing of established brands. Argues
that the key to success is for core brands to be treated as if they were
new products or as if they were acquisition opportunities. Discusses the
distinction between new products and core products. Identifies five
successful marketing strategies. Concludes that changing thinking about
brand names will generate increased motivation among marketing and
agency personnel.
Innovation in Primary Education
Authors: Gather Thurler Monica , Kopmels Dook
Published: May 2006

This article is the notebook of Monica Gather Thurler. It
summarises the final report of the Council of Europe project No. 8,
stressing the central issues for future school development in Europe.
These ideas are enlightened theoretical constructs; they also result
from concrete efforts in schools to use human craft and resources to
create change.
Public Schools Should Learn to Ski ... A Design for
Educating in the 21st Century
Authors: Rubin Stephen E.
Published: May 2006

A fully integrated and responsive instructional management system,
based upon a continuing analysis of data, is necessary if the
“whole is to be greater than the sum of its parts”. This
outcome‐based system (in this case for the management of mathematics
instruction) consists of: (1) An empirically validated curriculum for
mathematics instruction, pre‐school through algebra (quadratic
equations); (2) Individual assessment and criterion referenced
evaluation instruments (pre‐test, post‐test, placement, cumulative
review tests) for all 231 clusters of skills and mathematical concepts,
that have been established for validity, reliability, item
discrimination and efficiency; (3) A hierarchy of mathematical
objectives that graphically displays all skills and concepts and
describes the dependency and prerequisite relationships found among the
objectives; (4) Computer management software that: maintains an
individual history for each student in the programme; identifies
objectives in greatest demand; identifies each student′s changing
eligibility; matches and optimises individual eligibilities with
programme options; monitors each student and signals anomalies if and
when an individual student exceeds a historically generated norm.
Innovation in the Field of Young Disabled Persons: A Report on a Study Visit to Arhus, Denmark, in 1987. Part 2
Authors: Wright M.H.
Published: May 2006

This part of the report (Part 1 is published in the
International Journal of Educational Management,
Vol. 5 No. 3, 1991) is a description of each day
of the study visit with appropriate comments and
impressions. From this, practices used in
Denmark which could be of potential benefit in
the UK are discussed; and also issues worthy of
further study. The study visit raised pertinent
questions on UK philosophy on teaching in general
and teaching of the disabled; the rights of the
disabled; and the responsibility for the provision
of education.
An Applied Approach to Teaching International Marketing
Authors: Whitelock Jeryl
Published: May 2006

This article describes an approach to teaching
international marketing which won an award for
innovation under the Council for Industry and
Higher Education Partnership Awards scheme.
The approach uses a combination of case study
analysis, student presentations (based on their
work in other areas of the degree programme),
and the dissemination of examples of international
marketing practice drawn from the experience of
the students whilst on work placement abroad.
It concludes with some comments on the benefits
such an applied approach to study of this subject
can bring.
Governing Bodies and the Education Authority – The Way Ahead
Authors: Garnett Michael
Published: May 2006

The article discusses future relations between
school governing bodies and the LEA in
Humberside. A Governors′ Development
Programme, which has been launched involving
all governing bodies has been well received.
Salary Administration in the Political Systems versus Management Systems of Higher Education
Authors: Gunn Bruce
Published: May 2006

The operation of political systems with
management systems in salary administration is
contrasted. This comparison will clearly show that
political systems are dysfunctional in salary
administration and should be replaced by
management systems. But bureaucrats who
operate with position power in political systems
are resisting the transition to management
systems. This is because these latter authority
structures are designed to hold superiors strictly
accountable for the quality of their performance.
Additionally, management systems require salary
administration decisions to be rooted in third wave
principles, ethical standards and objective analysis.
Efforts to perpetuate political systems as the
dominant authority structures in collegiate
organisations will promote waste, inefficiency,
mismanagement and sometimes fraud in salary
administration. These conditions undermine the
productivity and commitment of personnel in their
university.
Performance Appraisal – Instructor Evaluation
Authors: Dwyer Brian M.
Published: May 2006

Fiscal restraint promotes a greater emphasis for
accountability. In education and training,
accountability has often been seen by policy makers
to equate to a need to improve the quality of
instruction. The writer agrees that the quality of
instruction is one important dimension in the
complex teaching‐learning process, but to encourage
the pursuit of excellence of instruction the instructor
appraisal process must not polarise policy makers
and instructors. The appraisal process must not be
used for summative purposes, and must be well
separated from personnel decisions. Many present
practices of appraisal use inaccurate, imprecise,
narrow and unproved instruments in an attempt to
quantify instructor competence. This destroys any
innovativeness or spontaneity in the teaching‐learning
process and results in a mechanistic
approach to the human interactions of instruction.
A formative process where peers assist their peers
is required.
Total Quality Management in Higher Education
Authors: Hill Frances M. , Taylor W. Andrew
Published: May 2006

The article examines the emerging paradigm of total
quality management and summarises its underlying
theory and principles. The relationship between
quality assurance and total quality management is
discussed with reference to ISO 9000. Higher
education institutions are aligned with a service
organisation model and the resultant implications
for the development of a TQM culture are outlined.
These issues include the emphasis on a team ethos,
a greater focus on the marketplace, the identification
of customers, the pursuit of continuous
improvement and the strengthening of feedback
linkages from the environment. Potential problems
with the adoption of such service sector models
are mentioned in the context of scholarship and the
commercial quality terminology of “zero defects”
and “right first time” thinking.
Recent Developments in Education in Britain: Issues and Implications
Authors: Holdaway E.A.
Published: May 2006

The 1988 Education Reform Act has profoundly
affected the organisation of education in England
and Wales. In common with changes in several
other jurisdictions, the power of both the central
government and the schools has been increased
and that of the local authorities decreased. The
major changes involve (a) introduction of local
management of schools by school governing
bodies; (b) introduction of both a national
curriculum and a national scheme for assessment
of pupils; (c) reduction of the operational role of
local education authorities, which will become
more involved in planning, policy making, and
monitoring; (d) more parental choice of schools
that their children attend; (e) the possibility that
individual schools can apply directly for national
funding; and (f) establishment of city technology
colleges. Several implications of those changes are
presented, together with positive and negative
reactions. The applicability of some of those
changes to other systems, especially in Canada,
is discussed.
Institutions, Projects and Farmers – Some Issues
Arising from the Land Resettlement Programme in Zimbabwe
Authors: Cusworth John
Published: May 2006

The land resettlement programme in Zimbabwe was undertaken not just
as a land redistribution exercise but as a carefully planned and managed
development programme. Despite the problems of adjusting government
institutions to independence, an organisational framework was
successfully established to plan and implement resettlement. This owed
much to the fact that implementing resettlement was consistent with each
institution′s objectives. On the other hand, the early economic success
of the programme has become increasingly jeopardised as the
institutions′ requirement for programme operation has not been matched
by that for planning and implementation. An understanding of the
organisational objectives of individual institutions can go some way to
explain this. The experience of resettlement in Zimbabwe may not be
unique and the experience will add to the increased emphasis being given
in agricultural development to the establishment of appropriate
farmer‐oriented institutions at the local level.
Simulations and Gaming Exercises for Training Development Planners and Managers
Authors: Hulme David
Published: May 2006

The way in which a single simulation
exercise, the Green Revolution Game,
can be adapted to meet the professional
needs of different groups of development
planners and managers, is described. It
is argued that simulations and gaming
exercises should play a greater role in
the training of those involved in
development and proposes the
production of a short directory of
simulations and gaming exercises.
Rational and Feasible Budget Allocation
Authors: Nagel Stuart S.
Published: May 2006

Scarce resources can be allocated to budget categories by
processing a set of goals to be achieved, alternative budget categories
and relations between each budget category and each goal expressed in
whatever terms with which the user is comfortable. A concrete example is
given involving the allocating of a $500,000 budget to the police
and the courts in the light of the goals of crime reduction and fair
procedure in separating the innocent from the guilty. The police do
better than the courts on crime reduction, but the courts do better than
the police on fair procedure. Fair procedure, it is suggested, is
considered more important than crime reduction. With that tentative
assumption one can determine what proportion of the budget should be
allocated to the police and what proportion to the courts. Initial
allocations may be changed in the light of whatever constraints exist
concerning minimum amounts that need to be allocated to the police or
the courts. The initial allocations can also be subjected to a
sensitivity analysis, to see how responsive they are to changes in the
inputs concerning the relative importance of the goals and the nature of
the relationships between each budget category and each goal.
So you think you’re a good judge of character?
Authors: Brown Mark
Published: May 2006

Refers to a training package of the same name. Describes the
dangers of “pigeon‐holing” people and recommends that a good
judge of character should be an explorer. Provides a people‐judgement
questionnaire and concludes that whilst we are all pigeon‐holers to some
degree we should use it as the beginning of character judgement not the
end.
The distance learning MBA
Authors: Ritchie Charles
Published: May 2006

Introduces business education by distance learning. Discusses the
historical background and emergence of distance learning. Describes a
set of procedures used by Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh. Concludes
that routes to higher education can be met by new methodologies
including distance learning courses.
Executive Explorers
Authors: Blashford‐Snell John
Published: May 2006

Describes an executive development initiative in the Kalahari
desert run by Operation Raleigh. Aided by a professional management
trainer senior UK executives used daily experiences of the safari‐style
trip to illustrate real‐life management problems. Concludes that the
“quest” provided a good opportunity to examine their
leadership, decision‐making and interpersonal skills.
Integrity and credibility for management success
Authors: Freemantle David
Published: May 2006

Considers that managerial competence is a function of integrity and
credibility. Argues for open management style from board level.
Discusses the need to examine weakness as well as strength and how to
achieve an improvement without loss of face, dignity or status.
Concludes that a majority of executives are keen to establish a high
degree of credibility by achieving high standards of integrity.
Open Systems Theory and Women′s Progress in Academe
Authors: Wright Kassner Marcia
Published: May 2006

The progress of women in academe is addressed, as well as their
participation in the workforce generally, and management positions in
particular. Women themselves may be affected by society′s stereotypes of
themselves and the value of their work, and the culture in organizations
and society has been working against women as much as it has been
working for them.
Managing for Change or Stability?
Authors: Bernhard Harry B.
Published: May 2006

Many aspects of organisational change
are examined, including the cost of
change, change for change′s sake and
for stability′s sake, and the manager′s
dilemma in having a foot in each camp,
both disciplined and informal. It is
concluded that stability and change
must coexist and resilience is needed
to balance the two, so that neither
becomes overemphasised.
Interventions to Chip Successfully out of Team‐building Sand‐traps
Authors: Harris Marilyn E. , Nicholson Ross N.
Published: May 2006

Ten common “sand‐traps”, selected by
two team‐building consultants from
their experiences in team building, are
discussed along with the interventions
that have worked successfully for them
and with their clients, both team
leaders and team members, in chipping
out of the sometimes unavoidable
sand‐trap. The sand‐trap metaphor
also points to sharpening skills already
apparent in the team, and to increasing
alternatives for constructive problem
solving. A consultant′s checklist is
included for managing a successful
team‐building effort.
Expectations regarding the Controllability of Outcomes in
Organisations: Implications for Management and Organisation Development
Authors: Hayes John
Published: May 2006

The theory of learned helplessness is presented as a framework for
diagnosing problems and planning remedial action in organisations. The
elements of a successful change strategy are discussed and attention is
focused on interventions designed to disconfirm expectations of
non‐contingency between response and outcome.
Joint Ventures as a Vehicle for Strategic Change:
Opportunities and Pitfalls
Authors: Blumenthal Judith
Published: May 2006

Based on an extensive survey of joint ventures (JVs) in the
information technology industry, this article develops a profile of the
joint venturing firm, explores joint venture motivations, and relates
joint venture success to conditions that motivate JV formation. Findings
suggest that JVs are motivated by critical strategic deficiencies within
participating parent firms and that JV goals focus on short‐term
solutions to immediate performance problems. However, findings further
indicate that JVs are not particularly well suited to short term goals.
It is argued that JVs hold the potential to serve as positive vehicles
for strategic change if they are viewed as means to achieve longer term
objectives.
Avoiding the pitfalls
Authors: Gallacher Hugh
Published: May 2006

Suggests that an initial lack of thorough planning, focus and strategy can develop into barriers for TQM implementation. Highlights the pitfalls of ignoring these procedures and suggests how they can be overcome by leadership and support from senior management, an adequate quality improvement process and an internal structure that recognises individual effort.
A healthy commitment
Authors: Varian Tom
Published: May 2006

In‐depth example of how TQM at a hospital in Memphis, Tennessee has reduced costs, decreased occupancy rates and generally improved efficiency and quality. Explores the possibilities of well‐defined TQM in the health care sector, highlighting the need for education, motivation and good communications and the success it has brought to this particular hospital.
Implementing lessons
Authors: Witcher Barry
Published: May 2006

Examines how four major companies: Heinz, Nissan Motors, ICI and Rank Xerox have implemented TQM successfully, as presented by their senior managers at a TQM conference. The “secrets” of their success are outlined.
Speak quality
Authors: Hillman Peter
Published: May 2006

Argues that implementing total quality can be carried out in many ways, but an effective communication framework is essential. Highlights the waste of time that ensues from “diverted” communications and says direct communication is far preferable. Suggests good communication is vital to agreeing TQM goals within the organisation and gives examples of what the author considers successful communication and methods to find out where communication is blocked or lacking. Concludes that quality is more important than quantity and gives examples: the meaning of the communication is the response it elicits.
Going for gold
Authors: Hornby Derek
Published: May 2006

Proposes that while many companies claim a commitment to quality, few can withstand serious examinination and suggests the solution is to assure quality by third‐party endorsement of an initial and continuous commitment to quality in every detail. Argues that certification of quality systems is a crucial building block that is needed before quality can be seen to be a meaningful competitive advantage. Concludes that in the Single European Market, quality system certification will become more important than ever and examines the steps towards a common European set of benchmarks.
Reversing the role
Authors: Robinson Sophy
Published: May 2006

Charts the adoption of an internal TQM programme by Aspen Business Communications plc, a UK employee communications agency. Outlines the initial task of identifying the problems and persuading staff that TQM was the answer to improving a perceived lack of quality in the company′s services. Studies the results of a series of internal surveys on staff attitudes and appreciation of problems within the company that affect customer service. Concludes with an assessment of a pilot TQM project and the first steps in rolling out a larger company‐wide project.
A strategic approach
Authors: Davies Paul
Published: May 2006

Poses the question: what is a business strategy? Refers to an earlier article (TQM 3,3) describing a three‐stage evolution of TQM companies and highlights eight key strands that must be managed as progress through the three phases occurs, focusing on the central theme of “vision”. Suggests a process of quality policy deployment can help manage the various improvement processes adopted, initiated by clarifying the links between internal and external customer requirements. Emphasizes the need for adequate training in policy development, cross‐functional management and measurement techniques, concluding that simplicity is far preferable to slavish adherence to tools and techniques.
A united approach
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: May 2006

Charts the progress of French sub‐contractor SRPI in its attempt to gain ISO 9002 approval in the wake of customers demanding ever higher standards. Defines the steps taken to instigate a TQM programme, drawing up a quality manual and re‐defining the role of quality control managers. The emphasis is on education and preventative maintenance rather than traditional “policing” production lines. Concludes that as well as emphasizing the importance of quality, the exercise has led to SRPI winning new contracts.
Building for the future
Authors: Kirk Steven
Published: May 2006

Examines a European Commission Institute survey investigating TQM and its application to the European construction industry and suggests that the short‐term nature of construction projects means that obtaining long‐term benefits of TQM can be difficult. Uses the experience of BP Chemicals to investigate what TQM offers in these circumstances, comparing the results of the ECI study with one from the University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology on a similar theme. Concludes that if TQM simply speeds up the integration of different construction industry “cultures”, that is in itself beneficial.
CALS in Europe: An Integrated Information Base
Authors: Smith Joan M.
Published: May 2006

Computer‐aided acquisition and logistic support (CALS), dealing
with the automation and integration of all functions and processes that
make up the many aspects of acquisition and logistic support of weapons
systems, is explored with particular reference to the area of standard
generalised mark‐up language (SGML).
The Relationship between Self – and Supervisor
Appraisals with Role Clarity and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Nhundu Tichatonga J.
Published: May 2006

Findings of studies on self‐appraisals conducted mainly in
non‐educational settings indicate that self‐ratings are generously
inflated, do not correlate with other sources, and show less reliability
than ratings from counter‐positions. Reports on self‐appraisals in an
educational setting using perceptions of teacher interns and their
supervisors. Self – and supervisor appraisals were found to be
significantly correlated, with self‐appraisals showing less leniency
than corresponding supervisor appraisals. In addition, self‐appraisals
were a better predictor of job satisfaction than supervisor appraisals.
Psychological Distress in Secondary Teachers: Research
Findings and Their Implications
Authors: Tuettemann Elizabeth , Punch Keith F.
Published: May 2006

Summarizes the results of a comprehensive investigation into levels
of psychological distress, and factors associated with those levels,
among a large and representative sample of Western Australian teachers.
Psychological distress was measured by the General Health Questionnaire,
and the nine independent variables included five stressors (inadequate
access to facilities; frequency of student misbehaviour; the extent to
which societal expectations of teachers are seen to be excessive; the
intrusion of school work into out‐of‐hours time and total workload); and
four destressors (teachers′ perceptions of the extent of their influence
and autonomy in the school environment; of their personal competency and
achievement, of the amount of support they receive from colleagues and
principal; and of the acknowledgement and praise they receive). The data
show that levels of distress are high, and that the five stressors
correlate positively and the four destressors correlate negatively with
distress. The data also confirm the theoretical model used in the
research, which predicts that the destressors effectively ameliorate the
distress associated with the stressors. While the general pattern of the
results is the same for male and female teachers, some important sex
differences are identified. Discusses the implications of these findings
for school administration.
A Conceptual Framework for Thinking about Conceptual
Frameworks: Bridging the Theory‐Practice Gap
Authors: Hills Jean , Gibson C.
Published: May 2006

Draws on the works of a number of authors to synthesize a
conceptual framework (or, as we prefer, a linguistic‐conceptual system)
within which to think about conceptual frameworks; indicates within that
system what conceptual frameworks “are”; describes within
that system what it “is” that we do when we appropriate
them; specifies within that system what it “is” which we do
when we apply them; suggests ways in which thinking about conceptual
frameworks in the manner indicated may contribute to the development of
competence in their appropriation and skilful application; points out
the ways in which that competence might be expected to contribute to
increased problem‐solving effectiveness, and identifies several
implications for instruction. Suggests that the “theory‐practice
gap” arises as a partial consequence of our failure to
conceptualize adequately the “nature” of conceptual
frameworks and the manner in which their use can enhance effectiveness
in the analysis and reformulation of unstructured problems.
Investing in US Real Estate – A New Structure
Authors: Pomerantz Alan J. , Dolan Kevin
Published: May 2006

Discusses the current condition of the market for US real estate
caused by the decline in real estate values and the difficulties faced
by US lenders. Discusses changes in the US tax laws aimed at addressing
imbalances which give perceived advantages for non‐US investors.
Presents a new structure for non‐US lenders and investors which takes
advantage of the market conditions and the new laws.
The Application of Structured Systems Analysis and Design
Methodology to the Design of Property systems
Authors: Kirkwood John S.
Published: May 2006

Illustrates how recently introduced techniques in the field of
systems analysis and design may be applied to the development of
property systems. Focuses on Entity‐Relationship (E‐R) – a
technique that forms the foundation of Structured Systems analysis and
Design Methodology (SSADM). Concludes that the process of determining
the relationships between entities represents only part of the process
of creating an E‐R model, and that in turn is only part of SSADM.
The Use of Collateral Warranties in the Development Process
Authors: Lavers Anthony
Published: May 2006

Gives an account of the phenomenon of increased use of collateral
warranties within the property industry as a means of affording a
recourse against building producers. Outlines the legal situation which
has led to concentration on the device of collateral warranties.
Explains the legal nature of such warranties. Considers some of the
issues and difficulties which have been identified since their use has
increased.
The Use of Information Technology in Presentation of
Property‐Related Financial Information
Authors: Nunnington Nicholas B.
Published: May 2006

Examines the use of information technology to improve the
presentation of professional knowledge and expertise in the field of
property‐related issues. Discusses the importance of presentation and
describes word processing, desk‐top publishing, spreadsheets and
business graphics. Demonstrates the use of simple graphical alternatives
to tabulated data and the use of matrices. Concludes that the production
of financial appraisals and reports on which important decisions are
made is an area in which presentation techniques must be skilfully and
professionally employed.
US Investment in European Commercial Property
Authors: Burston Richard J. , Milne Derrick D.
Published: May 2006

Evaluates recent successes and failures in US property investments
in Europe and attempts to anticipate future trends. Summarizes the
material events and background that caused these investors to initiate
European property investment and discusses the form and approach adopted
by the US investor. Concludes that it is expected that a small group of
large, sophisticated US property investors will continue to invest
selectively in Europe.
TOWN CENTRE MANAGEMENT SCHEMES IN THE UK
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: May 2006

There is growing interest in town centre management schemes in a
number of towns and cities in the UK. Some of the major elements within
such schemes are outlined.
INTERNATIONAL FRANCHISING – MARKS & SPENCER: A
CASE STUDY
Authors: Whitehead Maureen
Published: May 2006

International franchising has proved a valuable strategic option in
the overseas expansion of British mixed retailing businesses. It offers
the opportunity to gain access to overseas markets with minimal
investment and high returns. For Marks & Spencer, one of the UK′s
leading retailers, the franchising group acts in a pioneering role.
Can US Transportation Industries Meet the Global Challenge?
Authors: Gourdin Kent N. , Clarke Richard L.
Published: May 2006

As American firms formulate competitive strategies
for the 1990s and beyond they are realising that
significant profit opportunities exist outside the
United States. As managers deal with globalising
their logistics systems to support overseas marketing
efforts transportation becomes an extremely
important factor. The readiness of the US
transportation system to support the growing global
logistics needs of American business is examined.
The authors conclude that with few exceptions
the US international freight transport industry
cannot meet the challenges presented by the rapid
globalisation of the marketplace.
Logistics and Manufacturing Issues in Maquiladora Operations
Authors: Fawcett Stanley E.
Published: May 2006

Maquiladora operations have become increasingly
popular during the past 10 years. The driving force
behind this popularity has been the dramatic
devaluation of the Mexican peso, which has made
Mexican labour among the lowest cost in the world.
However to take full advantage of maquiladora
operations additional logistics costs are incurred in
supporting the Mexican production/assembly
facilities. The logistics/manufacturing cost trade‐offs
inherent in maquiladora operations are explored
empirically. While logistics costs were found to
increase and logistics performance decreased, most
of the firms involved in maquiladora operations
considered their operations to be highly successful
based on product cost savings.
Distribution Requirements Planning: A Generalised System for Delivery Scheduling in a Multi‐Sourcing Logistics System
Authors: Ho Chrwan‐jyh
Published: May 2006

Distribution requirements planning (DRP) is one
of the scheduling methods used in logistics
systems. A generalised version is presented of
a DRP system designed to enhance scheduling
flexibility of currently used DRP systems and to
deal with multi‐sourcing trans‐shipment problems
in a multi‐echelon logistics system. The required
information inputs, capabilities and advantages of
this generalised DRP system are described in
detail. Finally, the future research direction to
improve the adaptability of DRP in distribution
systems is discussed.
Working together
Authors: Seddon J.
Published: May 2006

Highlights two of the most common problems in achieving continuous improvement in the service sector; namely the ways in which management needs to be re‐educated to understand its new role in the company. Concentrates on the two lesson to be learned: firstly, that people will cheat if you manage by attention to output; secondly, that if you change a process without being familiar with it, you will probably get it wrong. Maintains that managers′ roles should be designed to ensure that their contributions facilitate, and also drive, quality.
Quality health care
Authors: Koch H. , Lloyd A. , Dawson B.
Published: May 2006

Describes how a Bristol‐based health authority has established its own TQM approach for continuous improvement of patient care and customer service. Presents the components of their TQM strategy ‐ ′Towards Total Quality′, together with the key opportunities and obstacles inherent in implementing TQM.
The quality approach
Authors: Tattersley P.
Published: May 2006

Examines the role of standards in improving the performance of an environmental health department. Demonstrates how quality initiatives, quality audits and quality teams can be used to create an effective quality assurance system and ensure quality standards are maintained. Raises the point that introduction of quality improvements is essential to maintain credibility in a changing government culture.
Management Promotions: Gender‐specific Factors
Authors: Gold Una O’C. , Pringle Judith K.
Published: May 2006

This article looks at research into comparative patterns of
promotion of men and women in Australia. The study was by interview and
looked at equal numbers of men and women in medium to large
organisations. A number of the findings were contrary to prevalent
myths, e.g. both men and women were prepared to play games of corporate
politics. Some women saw being too outspoken as a hindrance to promotion
but more women saw their success as due to their own performance, while
men were more likely to put it down to luck. In general there were more
similarities than differences in patterns of promotion and perceived
factors that help or hinder.