bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PRODUÇÃO CAMPONESA NO PARQUE NACIONAL DOS LENÇÓIS MARANHENSES: DESAFIOS E CONFLITOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS / Peasant production in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park: challenges and socio-environmental conflicts / La producción campesina en el Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses: desafios e conflictos socioambientales
Authors: Terra Ademir , Viana Francisco De Oliveira
Published: May 2021

As atividades camponesas sempre estiveram diretamente ligadas ao modo de vida das comunidades tradicionais, que o têm pautado, sobretudo, na agricultura de subsistência, de forma que o território camponês serve não somente como subsídio econômico, mas também para a valorização das territorialidades presentes nesses espaços. No final do século XIX, as discussões sobre a conservação ambiental se acirraram, promovendo a territorialização dos órgãos ambientais responsáveis pela demarcação de áreas e a criação de legislação, os quais nem sempre consideram as especificidades socioespaciais das áreas a serem preservadas. Este artigo objetiva analisar os principais desafios da produção e reprodução camponesa frente à política restritiva do Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, que limita as atividades das comunidades instaladas em seu interior, e os conflitos socioambientais que emergem nesse cenário. Pautados em metodologias ativas, buscamos compreender a dinâmica socioespacial dos camponeses, bem como suas estratégias de manejo e sobrevivência nessa Unidade de Conservação. Como citar este artigo:TERRA, Ademir; VIANA, Francisco de Oliveira. A produção camponesa no Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses: desafios e conflitos socioambientais. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 58, p. 125-145, mai.-ago., 2021.
O LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE GEOGRAFIA DO PNLD CAMPO E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES NA LUTA PELA TERRA / Rural schools, the education for and by the countryside and geography textbook / Escuelas rurales, educación del campo y el libro didáctico de geografía
Authors: Moura Felipe Moretto , Azevedo Sandra De Castro de
Published: May 2021

A luta pela terra é realizada por meio de várias frentes. A Educação do Campo é uma delas e resultou em vários marcos legais que definem suas especificidades em defesa das populações rurais. Dentre esses marcos destacamos o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático do Campo, que possibilitou às escolas rurais acesso a livros didáticos adequados aos modos de vida e trabalho do campo. O objetivo deste artigo é a análise dos conteúdos de geografia presentes no material do Ensino Fundamental I do ano de 2016, buscando apontar se os conteúdos estão adequados à proposta de construção da Educação do Campo. A análise da política que resultou no livro didático pautou-se no Ciclo de Política de Ball e Bowe, e a análise do conteúdo do livro na perspectiva da Geografia Crítica. A pesquisa embasou-se em revisão bibliográfica e de leis e análise do material dos livros que compõem a coleção adotada no município de Alfenas - MG. A pesquisa diagnosticou que o conteúdo dos livros didáticos de geografia do PNLD Campo atende à proposta de Educação do Campo, evidenciando assim a potencialidade dessa política e indica também possíveis adequações dos conteúdos de forma a fortalecer a proposta e endossar que o conteúdo de geografia pode contribuir de forma fundamental à emancipação dos sujeitos. Como citar este artigo:MOURA, Felipe Moretto; AZEVEDO, Sandra de Castro de. O livro didático de geografia do PNLD Campo e suas contribuições na luta pela terra. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 58, p. 56-80, mai.-ago., 2021.
O AGRONEGÓCIO NO BRASIL: O DISCURSO DA FRAÇÃO DE CLASSE REINANTE / Agribusiness in Brazil: the prevailing discourse of class fraction / L'agrobusiness au Brésil: le discours d'une fraction de la classe dirigeante
Authors: Carvalho Jéssyca Tomaz de , Oliveira Adriano Rodrigues de
Published: May 2021

O modelo econômico hegemônico pautado na commoditização do Brasil tem submetido os povos do campo e das florestas a processos de expropriação e violência. Diante da apropriação dos bens comuns, da concentração de terras e da químico-dependência, torna-se fundante desvelar a construção ideológico-conceitual do agronegócio centrada nos indicadores econômicos que se ancora na manutenção de subsídios propiciados por um Estado burguês, facilitador da subsunção da renda da terra e da vida pelas corporações de commodities. Analisamos as estratégias político-discursivas, empreendidas pelo agronegócio, demonstrando as características hegemônicas e a unidade de discurso como campo conceitual de persuasão-convencimento da sociedade. Por fim, demonstramos as estratégias em marcha, no Governo Bolsonaro, para viabilizar a apropriação dos territórios bloqueados ao processo de acumulação ampliada do capital via agronegócio e mineração. Como citar este artigo: CARVALHO, Jéssyca Tomaz de; OLIVEIRA, Adriano Rodrigues de. O agronegócio no Brasil: o discurso da fração de classe reinante. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 58, p. 28-55, mai.-ago., 2021.
A POLÍTICA AGRÁRIA NO GOVERNO BOLSONARO: AS CONTRADIÇÕES ENTRE A EXPANSÃO DO AGRONEGÓCIO, O AVANÇO DA FOME E O ANTIAMBIENTALISMO / Agrarian policy in the Bolsonaro government: the contradictions between the expansion of agribusiness, the advance of hunger and anti-environmentalism / Política agraria en el gobierno de Bolsonaro: las contradicciones entre la expansión del agronegocio, el avance del hambre y el anti-ambientalismo
Authors: Izá Pereira Lorena , Origuéla Camila Ferracini , Coca Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas
Published: May 2021

O agronegócio nunca saiu de cena e, nas últimas décadas, nem retrocessos apresenta, está em franca expansão em direção ao Cerrado, a Amazônia e ao Pantanal. Sempre desmatando e eliminando aquilo que impede e questiona o seu crescimento desenfreado. Afinal, para haver expansão é necessária a existência de territórios disponíveis (muitas vezes tratados como ociosos, vazios) para serem apropriados. Foi assim nos anos áureos dos ditos governos progressistas, que usufruíram do boom das commodities e continua assim hoje em pleno um momento de crise econômica, política, sanitária e social. Contudo, vivemos um momento particular: a pandemia da COVID-19, que desde o início de 2020 assola todo o globo e que é utilizada pelo governo brasileiro para “passar a boiada”. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é apontar elementos que permitam a reflexão sobre como o governo de Jair Messias Bolsonaro (sem partido) em tão pouco tempo de mandato tem fortemente impactado a questão agrária e ambiental. Este texto compreende a apresentação do número 58 da Revista NERA, que conta com dez importantes contribuições acerca da complexidade e multiescalaridade da questão agrária. Como citar este artigo:PEREIRA, Lorena Izá; ORIGUÉLA, Camila Ferracini; COCA, Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas. A política agrária no governo Bolsonaro: as contradições entre a expansão do agronegócio, o avanço da fome e o antiambientalismo. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 58, p. 08-27, mai.-ago., 2021.
Milli Mücadele Döneminde Mustafa Kemal Paşa-Vahdettin İlişkisinin Türk Siyasetine Yansımaları (1961-2005)
Authors: UYAR Çağhan , ERTUĞRUL Esen
Published: May 2021

Millî Mücadele döneminde, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) Paşa ile Padişah Vahdettin (VI. Mehmed), arasında birtakım olaylar cereyan etmiştir. Söz konusu hadiseler ileriki dönemlerde Türk siyasetini ve ülke gündemini meşgul eden büyük bir mesele haline gelmiştir. Konu etrafında birbirine zıt görüş ortaya çıkmıştır: Bunlardan biri Vahdettin’in bir “hain” olduğu yönünde iken; diğeri tam tersini iddia etmektedir. Türk siyasetinin önemli isimlerinin görüşleri bu konuda belirleyici olmuştur. Bülent Ecevit ve Süleyman Demirel gibi belirgin siyasi figürlerin de bu polemiğe dâhil olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Millî Mücadele döneminin olağanüstü koşulları etrafında Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile Padişah Vahdettin arasında vuku bulan olayların siyasi ortama, topluma ve basına yansımaları ile bunların çevresinde ortaya çıkan akisler merkeze alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, mevzu hakkında beyan edilen görüşlerin bir kısmının ideolojik temelli, tarihsel gerçeklikten hayli uzak ve anakronik olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca Türk siyasetinin, Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile Padişah Vahdettin meselesine politik saiklerle yaklaşması, ötekileştirmeyi ve ayrışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Münhasıran kamuoyunda politik kimliğiyle bilinen kimselerin siyasi tabanlarında kitle konsolidasyonu sağlamak maksadıyla meseleye dâhil olması popülizme, siyasi kutuplaşmaya ve görüş çatışmalarına sebebiyet vermiştir. Çalışmanın temel sorunsalını da Millî Mücadele sürecinde Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile Padişah Vahdettin arasındaki meselelerin ileriki dönemlerde doğurduğu görüş ayrılıkları ve bu konuda gereken ayrımın yapılabilmesi için ortaya atılan çıkarsamalar oluşturmaktadır.
HEALTHY WAY OF LIVING IN COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL: LITHUANIAN UPPER SCHOOL STUDENTS’ POSITION
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas , Armonienė Jūratė
Published: May 2021

Stepping into the 21st century changes inevitably increase in all spheres of human life. The development of technologies, availability of different resources, the shifts of social roles and many other novelties determined human life which is getting more and more complicated. Challenges of modern society in one way or another affect the young person as well and many of them are encouraged to choose unhealthy way of living (e.g., smoking, drugs, immoderate usage of alcohol, unhealthy nutrition and other). Healthy way of living in this context becomes as urgent as never before. The problem of healthy way of living has obviously many aspects. Over the last decade quite a lot of tests in the sphere of healthy way of living have been carried out in various countries. These tests confirm, in fact, that such components as nutrition, physical activity, overweight, self-evaluation, good learning achievements, health, image, self-confidence, behaviour and other are closely interrelated and influence each other. The research “Healthy way of living in pupils’ eyes” is based on positivistic-quantitative approach. The authors keep to the position that measurement of causative links between variables is very important. The research was carried out in January-February, 2011. The aim of the research is to investigate Lithuanian comprehensive school upper school students’ opinions on healthy way of living. In the research the authors’ prepared questionnaire formed from open and closed questions was used (Lamanauskas, Armonienė, 2011). 1265 Lithuanian comprehensive school 9-12 form pupils participated in the research. It has been stated, that most of the respondents think, that healthy way of living is important and necessary. However, healthy way of living is much more important for girls than for boys. It is believable, that this, first of all, is related with self-evaluation and image. On the other hand, it is believed, that a big gap exists between the understanding of importance of healthy way of living and propagation of such way of living in practice. It has been stated, that approximately one-third of respondents propagate such way of living. Besides, younger pupils propagate more such way of living comparing with senior ones. This can be related with senior form pupils’ bigger occupation, bigger learning load. During the lessons attention is practically not paid to healthy way of living, teachers, in fact, are not interested in pupils’ activity and rest regime and do not help them to plan their daily routine properly. At school pupils do not get enough information on these questions, healthiness events are also very rare in schools. Key words: comprehensive school, healthy way of living, healthiness events, survey.
GENIUM LOCI PROFESSOR AARNE TYLDSEPP (ON THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF THE SCIENTIST)
Authors: Teleshov Sergei
Published: May 2021

Many people, perhaps, had a stable stereotype that a scientist is a laconic, restrained, pedantic person, immersed in his science without a trace. In many ways, there is a reason here - after all, not many manage to achieve scientific heights. Let us recall Mendeleev's: "In the work of science, many are called, so that a few select ones come out."
SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES: NEW EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: May 2021

Over the latter decade the spread of information communication technologies was going on in various directions. Technological possibilities grew up very significantly (Lamanauskas, 2011). Especially rapid was the development of the internet and technologies related with it. A lot of internet service providers occurred in the market, their number still continues to grow. The internet link methods change - from the ordinary usage of phone line modems (dial - up) to broadband internet technology (DSL) and cable TV internet nets. It can be asserted, that over the mentioned period Web 1.0 internet (static, used for getting information) was changed by Web 2.0 internet (social). The internet diaries, social portals, technologies allowing live communication on the internet (Internet Relay Chat, IRC), talk programme Windows Live Messenger (MSN), ICQ forums and other have occurred and are spreading. With the occurrence of “Skype”, internet telephony acquired a qualitatively new characteristic and practically became a daily routine. Thus, today a consumer can create his profile on the internet, can make friends, communicate in the interest groups and so on. It can be stated, that every human being in his own way contributes to the internet and at the same time to ICT development, in general. It is obvious, that together with technological problems arise social internet problems as well. Social networking websites (SNW) are closely related with economical, psychological, educational, valeological and other aspects. There is a lack of researches based on socio-educational social networking website aspects. It is important to know not only how much time the consumers spend surfing the net, but how much time is allotted for communicating in social networking websites, which of them are the most popular and why, how the respondents evaluate social networking website functions, what in general they know about them, what advantages, disadvantages and threats they discern. Finally, it is important to find out whether usage of social networking websites makes information – communication abilities better in any way. Key words: ICT, educational technologies, social networking websites
STUDENTS' ATTITUDE TO SCHOOL SCIENCE: COMPARATIVE RESEARCH IN LATVIA, BELARUS, FINLAND AND SWEDEN
Authors: Gedrovics Janis , Cedere Dagnija , Jeronen Eila , Wäreborn Ingvar , Vasilevskaya Elena
Published: May 2021

The number of students characterized as science enthusiasts in all countries and age groups does not exceed 20 %, except Belarus with 34%. The number of students character-ized as science negationists is average of 41% in Belarus and 55% in Latvia, 70% in Sweden and 76 % in Finland, decreased from the form 7 to 12.
Students in Latvia and Belarus demonstrated a higher positive value practically in all 16 statements. The Belarusian students had a considerably more positive attitude to school science compared to the Latvian students, and the Finnish students - compared to the Swe-dish ones.
For the students from Latvia and Belarus, school science plays an important role in developing their knowledge of nature and health, and in the choice of their future career. However, the number of students who see themselves working in the field of science is small both in post-socialistic and Nordic countries.
Key words: attitude, carrier, comparative research, school science.
THE COMPLEXITY OF REPRESENTATIONS IN THE CHEMISTRY TEACHING: AN EXPERIENCE FOR ATOMIC MODEL
Authors: Moreira Maria Fernanda , Arroio Agnaldo
Published: May 2021

This work presents a portrait of research in chemistry education addressing the prob-lematic of the representation on chemical knowledge, interpreting them in an experimental framework that relates not only the complexity in the choice of materials, as well as the diffi-culties and methods. It was concluded that there is a need for a coherent pre selection of teaching materials to be used, and also that education based on visual aids and models need to be extensive, covering not just isolated events.
Key words: modeling; representation of chemical knowledge; teaching of chemistry; visuali-zations.
SUBJECT INTEGRATION: INTEGRATED GEOGRAPHY RESEARCH AND PROJECT WORKS
Authors: Railienė Laima
Published: May 2021

The article analyses the possibilities and advantages of geography integration trying to develop the educational process in a secondary school. Every teaching strategy style must always be carefully selected, paying attention to students‘ age experience and abilities. Re-cently, abilities‘ use in practice is more emphasized than theoretical knowledge.
Geography is the most integrated subject at school. The majority of other subjects‘ knowledge is needed in teaching how to do geography projects and research works. Therefore, subject integration is very important. It allows to select the most important various subjects knowledge and get the most optimal result.
Key words: teaching/learning strategy, learning style, research and project activity, subject integration, subject and common competence.
A Comparative Study on Hospital Fires and its Various Consequences
Authors: Tiwary Aditya , Mishra Neeraj , Kataria Yugal , Patel Vishal , Naval Rahul , Dawar Sohan , Katheria Tanishq , Rai Manish
Published: May 2021

Hospitals are considered to be safer places where injuries are treated rather than generated. Even though hospitals follow safety measures and monitor the reports of accidents happened, there is always a boundless chance for a new accident to happen because hospital environment is charged with compound inherent risks. A more care has to be taken in this period of covid-19 disease. This paper provides a comparative study of hospital fires which has happened in past. This paper also discussed various consequences of such a hospital fires.
Constructing Ethnic Identity in 1 Peter
Authors: Ok Janette H.
Published: May 2021

Janette H. Ok argues that 1 Peter characterizes Christian identity as an ethnic identity, as it holds the potential to engender a powerful sense of solidarity for readers who are experiencing social alienation as a result of their conversion. The epistle describes and delineates a communal identity based on Jewish traditions, and in response to the hostility its largely Gentile Anatolian addressees are experiencing as religious minorities in the Roman empire. In order to help construct a collective understanding of what it means to be a Christian in contrast to non-Christians, Ok argues that the author of the epistle employs “ethnic reasoning” or logic.

Consequently, the writer of 1 Peter makes use of various literary and rhetorical strategies, including establishing a sense of shared history and ancestry, delineating boundaries, stereotyping and negatively characterizing “the other,” emphasizing distinct conduct or a common culture, and applying ethnic categories to his addressees. Ok further highlights how these strategies bear striking resemblances to what modern anthropologists and sociologists describe as the characteristics of ethnic groups. In depicting Christian identity as an ethnic identity akin to the unique religious-ethnic identity of the Jews, Ok concludes that 1 Peter seeks to foster internal cohesion among the community of believers who are struggling to forge a distinctive and durable group identity, resist external pressures to revert to a way of life unbefitting the people of God, and live as those born anew to a living hope.
Bloomsbury World Englishes Volume 1 Paradigms
Authors: Schneider Britta , Heyd Theresa , Saraceni Mario
Published: May 2021

Bloomsbury World Englishes offers a comprehensive and rigorous description of the facts, implications and contentious issues regarding the forms and functions of English in the world. International experts cover a diverse range of varieties and topics, offering a more accurate understanding of English across the globe and the various social contexts in which it plays a significant role. With volumes dedicated to research paradigms, language ideologies and pedagogies, the collection pushes the boundaries of the field to go beyond traditional descriptive paradigms and contribute to moving research agendas forward.

Volume 1: Paradigms analyzes the ways in which we make sense of English as a global language, its many varieties and how these come into contact and interact with other languages. It moves the field beyond existing ‘models’ that are no longer sufficient to describe English(es) in the era of globalization.
Philosophy as a Way of Life
Authors: Sharpe Matthew , Ure Michael
Published: May 2021

The idea of philosophy as a ‘way of life’ is not a new one. From the first recorded philosophy by Plato, there has been a tradition of thinking about philosophy as pointing us towards the good life, happiness and an ethical existence. But where does this notion that philosophy has anything to offer in terms of guiding us in how to live and live well come from?

In this first ever introduction to philosophy as a way of life, Matthew Sharpe and Michael Ure take us us through the history of the idea from Plato and the Buddha to Foucault, Hadot and Zizek. They examine the kinds of practical exercises each thinker recommended and practiced to transform their philosophy into manners of living and acting.

Philosophy as a Way of Life also examines the recent resurgence of thinking about philosophy as a practical, lived reality and why this ancient tradition still has so much relevance and power in the contemporary world.
200 Plays for GCSE and A-Level Performance
Authors: Hanlan Jason
Published: May 2021

How do I choose a play to perform with my students that meets the requirements and interests of my class? What can I introduce my students to that they might not already know?

If you're asking these questions, this is the book for you!

Written specifically for drama teachers, this is a quick, easy-to-use guide to finding and staging the best performance material for the whole range of student abilities and requirements for 15 - 18-year-olds.

It suggests 200 plays suitable for students of all abilities and requirements, providing sound advice on selection and realisation, and opening up plays and playwrights you may have never known existed.

Structured in 2 parts, Part 1 consists of 8 easy-to-read chapters, explaining how to get the most out of the book. Part 2 is a vast resource listing 200 plays suitable for study/performance at GCSE and A-level. The details of each play are set out in an easy-to-navigate chart that offers introductory information on:
PlayPlaywrightCasting numbersGender splitsAbilityGenre descriptionBrief summaryExam levelWorkshop ideasWarnings/advice (where necessary)Suggested scenes for studyPerformance notes including lighting, sound, costume and space
Collected Tales, Poems, and Other Writings of Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Poe Edgar Allan
Published: May 2021

A collection of more than 50 of Edgar Allan Poe’s most important works, which established him as one of the most distinctive voices in American literature, Tales, Poems and Other Writings of Edgar Allan Poe brings together in one volume stories such as “The Fall of the House of Usher,” “The Tell-Tale Heart” and “The Purloined Letter” as well as his Gothic narrative poem “The Raven” and some his most significant critical writings.

Alongside authoritative annotated texts of each work, this book also includes a complete Reader’s Guide to Poe’s work, helping explore the contexts, style, and reception of his writing from his own time to today. Related works by the likes of Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson and Nathaniel Hawthorne are also included for comparative reading and study.
A Life in 16 Films
Authors: Waters Steve
Published: May 2021

With its wry nod to Stanislavski’s My Life in Art, Steve Waters examines how the very idea of film has defined him as a playwright and a person. Through the lens of cinema, it provides a cultural and political snapshot of life in Britain from the second part of the 20th century up to the present day.

Through films spanning almost a century, starting with The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1929) and moving most recently to Dark Waters (2019), each chapter examines aspects of Waters’s journey from his working-class Midlands upbringing to working in professional theatre to living through the Covid epidemic, through the prism of a particular film.

From The Wizard of Oz to Code Unknown, from sci-fi to documentary, from queer cinema to world cinema, this honest, comic book offers a view of film as a way of thinking about how we live. In doing so, it illuminates culture and politics in the UK over half a century and provides an intimate insight into drama and writing.
Shakespeare and Forgetting
Authors: Holland Peter
Published: May 2021

What does it signify when a Shakespearean character forgets something or when Hamlet determines to 'wipe away all trivial fond records'? How might forgetting be an act to be performed, or be linked to forgiveness, such as when in The Winter's Tale Cleomenes encourages Leontes to 'forget your evil. / With them, forgive yourself'? And what do we as readers and audiences forget of Shakespeare's works and of the performances we watch?

This is the first book devoted to a broad consideration of how Shakespeare explores the concept of forgetting and how forgetting functions in performance.  A wide-ranging study of how Shakespeare dramatizes forgetting, it offers close readings of Shakespeare's plays, considering what Shakespeare forgot and what we forget about Shakespeare. The book touches on an equally broad range of forgetting theory from antiquity through to the present day, of forgetting in recent novels and films, and of creative ways of making sense of how our world constructs the cultural meaning of and anxiety about forgetting. Drawing on dozens of productions across the history of Shakespeare on stage and film, the book explores Shakespeare’s dramaturgy, from characters who forget what they were about to say, to characters who leave the stage never to return, from real forgetting to performed forgetting, from the mad to the powerful, from playgoers to Shakespeare himself.
The Theatre of Simon Stephens
Authors: Bolton Jacqueline
Published: May 2021

Simon Stephens is one of Britain’s and arguably Europe's pre-eminent playwrights. He has garnered numerous awards for both his original works and his adaptations, with his adaptation of Mark Haddon's novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time winning 7 Olivier Awards including Best Play and enjoying acclaim on Broadway. In the first book to provide a critical account of the full variety of Stephens’s work, Jacqueline Bolton gives a detailed analysis of his plays and their production, reviews current discourses around his work and offers a framework for future enquiry. Essays from Basil Chiasson (University of Calgary), James Hudson (University of Lincoln) and Cristina Delgado-Garcia (Manchester Metropolitan University) provide additional international perspectives, while contributions from theatre practitioners Sean Holmes, Marianne Elliot, Sarah Frankcom and Sebastian Nuebling illuminate the work from a director’s viewpoint.

Since the beginning of his professional career in 1998, Stephens's award-winning plays have been translated into over a dozen languages, been produced on four continents, and feature prominently in the repertoires of theatres across Europe. His collaborations with actors, directors, dramaturgs, designers, novelists, musicians and choreographers have produced a dramaturgically diverse body of plays, musicals, adaptations, texts and monologues. As Bolton demonstrates, this extensive oeuvre has been animated by a search for optimism within chaos and violence. In its coverage of work from 1998's Bluebird to Carmen Disruption in 2015, the Companion contextualizes Stephens's ouevre through his embrace of aesthetics and processes encountered in European theatre and, in particular, the impact this has had upon attitudes towards the function of writing and the role of the audience in live performance.

The Companion serves as an engaging study of one of the most restlessly creative and important dramatists of our generation.
China’s New Urbanization
Authors: Sun Jiabao
Published: May 2021

Recent state-led urbanization initiatives in China have drastically transformed Chinese rural society - closing the urban-rural divide as well as redistributing wealth and altering the flows of social mobility. In this study Jiabao Sun asks: who are the winners and who are the losers in this process?

This book uses two case studies of different modes of state-led rural urbanization - in the villages of Tianjin and Zhejiang - in order to assess the impact on the livelihoods of the villagers, as well as the success of the development initiatives. By focusing on the villagers capabilities, assets and support provided this study examines the imbalances of rural redistribution at three levels: among social groups, among villages and between the rural-urban divide.
An Introduction to Indian Aesthetics
Authors: Chandran Mini , Sreenath V. S.
Published: May 2021

The thinkers and philosophers of ancient India contemplated intensively and extensively about all aspects related to life, and art was one of the major domains they touched upon. A profound and intense analysis of the art experience in literature naturally led to the evolution of one of the most sophisticated and long-standing poetic systems in the world.

An Introduction to Indian Aesthetics: History, Theory, and Theoreticians offers a comprehensive historical and conceptual overview of all the major schools in Sanskrit poetics—one of the most sophisticated and long-standing traditions of literary criticism in the ancient world. The book, despite its primary focus on the major exponents of each school, also aims to give the reader a good idea as to how these concepts were treated before and after their major practitioners. An important part of Sanskrit poetics that often intimidates a modern reader is its seemingly difficult terminology. This book particularly addresses this issue by using contemporary idioms for readers who have no background of Sanskrit. It also aims to draw points of comparison, wherever relevant, between certain concepts in Sanskrit poetics and their western counterparts.
Fragmentation and Financial Recentralization
Authors: Lamouroux Christian
Published: May 2021

In creating four General commands (zonglingsuo) between 1141 and 1145,
at the end of the first Song-Jin war, the central government of the Song
Empire hoped to marshal resources from the four areas along the new
border while also controlling the military officials in charge of the armies.
With the fragmentation of the monetary system, this financial organization
resulted in a real autonomy of these strategic areas. Eventually, this
reform induced the fragmentation of the fiscal and financial authority
and, as accounting procedures became more complex, generated a new
kind of technical communication between the regional and the central
administrations. Lastly, it allowed high-ranking civil servants involved
in this process to reinforce their institutional positions.
Administrative Elites and the ‘First Phase of Byzantine Humanism’
Authors: Ronconi Filippo
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the interconnection between the adoption of the
minuscule script for the transcription of Greek literary texts (one of the
most significant innovations in the history of Byzantine book culture) and
the huge cultural revival of ninth-century Byzantium. The focus lies on the
social changes that occurred among the Constantinopolitan elites at the end
of the eighth century as a result of the political events following the death
of Emperor Leo IV. The adoption of the minuscule in the copying of books
will be described as a three-step process, whose phases will be discussed
with particular attention to the social milieus in which they emerged and
developed (especially the bureaucratic circles of the capital connected to
the finance administration and some monastic networks). In conclusion,
the study emphasizes the importance of some very specific technical skills
in one of the most decisive changes in middle-byzantine cultural history.
Language and Political Communication in France and England (Twelfth to Fifteenth Centuries)
Authors: Genet Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2021

Symbolic power depends on the efficiency with which the values of any
dominant group are transmitted to society at large. In the eleventh century,
the Latin medieval Church initiated a fundamental transformation of the
Western European symbolic communication system. In France and England,
the symbolic power of the Gregorian Church was derived from the superiority
of the spiritual power of the papacy. Its armies of monks and priests had to
convince the members of the ecclesia (the Christian society) of the necessity
to embark on the road to individual salvation under the guidance of the
Church, imposing a new division between clergy and laity. Yet, whereas
clericus and litteratus had earlier been synonymous, many lay people were
now able to read and write. If the Church had developed its own administration
and bureaucracy, the Gregorian educational and cultural revolution
offered the same opportunity to cities and states, which thus acquired the
capacity to govern by the written word. As the laity entered into an age of
literacy, the foundations were laid for the genesis of a new type of state.
Communication and Empire
Authors: Whittow Mark
Published: May 2021

The Roman world in the second century was remarkably homogeneous,
and the ties that bound it together remarkably thick and apparently
strong. But what happened when the western half went its own way,
when imperial territories were limited to bits of Asia Minor and the
Balkans, when the construction of new monumental buildings had
slowed to a trickle or stopped entirely, when the epigraphic habit had
died? How did political communication work in the Roman empire
of the Middle Ages that we know as Byzantium? The answer requires
conjuring up a picture of people on the move; of soldiers, priests, students,
pilgrims, appellants, merchants, tax collectors, administrators,
painters, and builders. And it requires thinking about the messages
they received and passed on. Placing the Byzantine experience in
comparative perspective to Song China, this chapter surveys the
evidence of Byzantine political communication to investigate both
the means of transmitting news and orders as well as the underlying
networks of shared discourse and identity. It shows that the survival
of the Byzantine state depended largely on its ability to create an
imagined community as the nation-state of the Romans. The decline
of Byzantium and the rise of Muslim identities in its former territories
can thus be linked to a failure to maintain effective long-distance
communication networks that projected a ‘Roman’ narrative across
the entirety of the empire.
Giving the Public Due Notice in Song China and Renaissance Rome
Authors: Ebrey Patricia , Meserve Margaret
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores the similarities and differences in methods of
conveying information to common people in two societies where printing
was coming into greater use — the huge agrarian empire of Song
China (tenth to thirteen centuries) and the city of Renaissance Rome
(fourteenth to fifteenth centuries). The Song material is strongest on the
bureaucratic reasons for posting notices and the language used in them.
Authors preserved hundreds of notices, probably seeing in them proof of
their serious commitment to promoting the welfare of the people under
them. The sources for notice-posting in Renaissance Rome are fuller on
the practices associated with circulating notices throughout the city
on church doors both by the papacy and by its critics, who sometimes
posted satirical or contemptuous notices at the same sites. The posting of
notices in Renaissance Rome was a bureaucratic practice that had strong
ritualistic overtones, was often highly politicized, and therefore could
easily be subverted by critics of the regime.
Yue Fei and Thomas Becket
Authors: Gowers Bernard , Lik Hang Tsui
Published: May 2021

This chapter takes as its starting point the gendered nature of political
communications. It uses as case studies the careers — and subsequent
reputations — of two twelfth-century figures: the Southern Song general
Yue Fei (d. 1142), and the Angevin minister and churchman Thomas Becket
(d. 1170). Both rose from relatively humble beginnings to become powerful
men, and both met violent deaths at the hands of rivals within the elite.
Posthumously, they were both celebrated for specifically masculine virtues
in their respective cultures. This micro-comparative study deploys the
traditional Chinese dichotomy between wen (civil, cerebral) and wu
(military, physical) expressions of manhood to explore the masculinities
at play in their careers, their homosociality, and their reputations.
Imaginaries of Empire and Memories of Collapse
Authors: Levine Ari Daniel
Published: May 2021

Producing parallel narratives of the fall of Kaifeng in 1127 and the sack
of Constantinople in 1204, Ye Mengde 葉夢得 (1077–1148) and Niketas
Choniates (c.1155–1217) chronicled the collapse of these imperial centres in
an effort to reconstruct post-conquest political communities in exile. While
Ye and Niketas were deploying different conceptual frameworks of political
authority and literary blueprints for memoirs, their writings documented
personal displacement as well as cultural and political trauma writ large. By
recording and commemorating the chain of events that culminated in the
collapse of the Northern Song and Byzantine Empires, both authors were
converting oral anecdotes into cultural memory. Ye and Niketas devised
ex post facto explanations for the fall of Kaifeng and Constantinople as the
consequence of the actions of failed monarchs and corrupt courtiers — and,
to a lesser extent — the forces of divine punishment.
THERMAL PROPERTY OF CARBON RESIN ELECTRODES DEVELOPED FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATERS
Authors: Oke I. A. , Obijole A. O. , Adekunbi E. A. , Babajide J. O. , Idi M. D. , Aladesanmi T. A.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, thermal conductivity of carbon resin electrodes developed for electrochemical treatment of water and wastewater was investigated. Carbon resin electrodes were developed from used dry cells and resin using non-heat treatment processes. Thermal conductivity of the electrodes was measured and effects of particle size, compacting pressure, carbonisation temperature and percentage of the resin used on thermal conductivity of the electrodes were monitored using standard method through RE 890G and ALDA AVD 890G thermocouples at two different points (5cm apart). Effective thermal conductivity of the electrodes was modelled using Okazaki et al model.
The study revealed that thermal conductivity of carbon resin electrodes ranged from 1.39 W/K. cm to 2.24 W/K. cm. Thermal conductivity of the material increased with decreased particle size (1.48 to 2.24 W/K. cm with 245 to 45mm) and decreased percentage resin (1.49 to 2.20 W/K. cm with 12 % to 1%), decreased with decreased compacting pressure (2.12 to 1.44 W/K. cm with 110 MN/ m2 to 60 MN/ m2) and carbonization temperature (2.12 to 1.39 W/K. cm with 260 oC to 30o C). Okazaki et al model agreed reasonably with the experimental data with correlation coefficient of 0.3206 and coefficient of determination 0.9917. It was concluded that particle size, compacting pressure, carbonization temperature and percentage resin play important role in thermal conductivity of carbon resin electrodes.
POLLUTION OF VEHICULAR EMISSION ANALYSIS AT FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AKURE NORTH GATE
Authors: Yaru S. S.
Published: May 2021

The paper dwells on the atmospheric pollution resulting from the vehicular exhaust discharge at the north gate of the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Nigeria. The vehicular traffic census took place at gate on the Ilesha-Akure high way passing in front of the gate for six days. The census was conducted using a digital tally and a stop watch for nine hours at thirty minutes interval daily. The tally was pressed to count each time a vehicle passed both to and from either direction along the road at a chosen point in front of the University north gate. A daily vehicular count was obtained from the ratio of total vehicles to the total time interval of nine hours. Thereafter the average vehicular exhaust discharge, pollution source strength and pollution concentration were determined. At the same time, a data logger was used to measure the meteorological elements of the temperature, the wind speed and the relative humidity of the weather daily. The relationship between the pollution source strength and concentration with the meteorological parameters obtained with data logger, speed and distance covered by vehicles were also determined. The average daily vehicle populations within the time interval being considered were respectively 8280, 8306, 7315, 7210, 8766 and 8491 for the six days in succession. The meteorological data analysis showed that the air relative humidity and wind speed increased with decrease in temperature especially when it rained. The source strength and concentration of pollution decreased with increase in the speed of vehicles and the distance moved indicating that pollutants dispersed faster into the air in the process.
EFFECT OF DRYING RATE AND MOISTURE REMOVAL ON THE DRYING PROPERTIES OF GROUND AND FERMENTED CASSAVA MASH ("GARI")
Authors: Oyerinde A. S.
Published: May 2021

Drying characteristics of ground and fermented cassava mash called "gari" (a carbohydrate and staple food in Nigeria) were studied. Several properties such as drying rate, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and bulk density were investigated during the roasting of the mash. These properties were discovered to be influenced by the removal of moisture as the mash dries. The optimum initial moisture content was 46 % wb at 60 % Rh. The roasting chamber reaches a steady state temperature of 160 oC in 12 minutes before roasting while 5 kg of the wet cassava mash dried to a final moisture content of 9.8 % wb in 21 minutes. It was observed that as the moisture content reduces from 46 % to 9.8 %, the bulk density increased from 441.32 kg/m3 to 507.91 kg/m3, drying rate reduces from 2.64 to 0.54 kg/min and specific heat capacity reduces from 4.14 to 2.01 kJ/(kgK). The effects of the moisture removal on the studied parameters were thus discussed as the mash dries along the length of the dryer.
Aplikasi Model Konservasi Levine dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Nutrisi Bayi Prematur di Ruang Perinatologi RSUPN Dr. Cipto mangukusumo
Authors: Herlina Herlina , Rustina Yeni , Sayhreni Elfi
Published: May 2021

Bayi prematur mengalami prematuritas pusat pengatur pernafasan dan kelemahan oro motor sehingga minum per oral dapat meningkatkan resiko aspirasi; sementara itu bayi prematur memerlukan asupan kalori yang lebih tinggi untuk dapat bertahan hidup dan tumbuh. Aplikasi model asuhan keperawatan Konservasi Levine dalam memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi bayi prematur menerapkan prinsip konservasi energi, integritas struktural, personal, dan personal. Tropicognosis yang selalu muncul pada setiap kasus adalah nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh. Wholeness tercapai ketika berat badan bayi meningkat sesuai pertumbuhan intrauterin >15g/kg/hari. Residen menyarankan membangun peran kemitraan antara perawat, petugas kesehatan, dan keluarga serta melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan berbasis bukti penelitian.
HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DENGAN KECEMASAN SELAMA MENGIKUTI PEMBELAJARAN KLINIK DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Purnamasari Indah
Published: May 2021

Kecemasan dirasakan mahasiswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran klinik di rumah sakit, seringkali bersifat secara subyektif dengan komunikasi yang interpersonal (Stuart, 2006). Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat hubungan antara persepsi dengan kecemasan mahasiswa selama mengikuti pembelajaran klinik di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Dari hasil yang didapatkan ada 19 mahasiswa laki-laki yang mengalami kecemasan ringan dan 62 mahasiswa perempuan yang mengalami kecemasan berat, berarti mahasiswa perempuan lebih banyak mengalami kecemasan berat daripada laki-laki dengan nilai p=0.026 sedangkan untuk hasil uji statistik usia tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dengan kecemasan (p=0.910), dan sisanya ada 49 mahasiswa yang mengalami kecemasan berat dengan persepsi buruk dan 47 mahasiswa lainnya mengalami kecemasan ringan dengan persepsi baik dengan nilai p=0.000, sehingga mahasiswa lebih banyak mengalami kecemasan berat dengan persepsi buruk daripada mahasiswa yang mengalami kecemasan ringan dengan persepsi baik.
DETERMINASI KUALITAS PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN LULUSAN FIKES UPNVJ TAHUN 2014
Authors: Siregar Tatiana , Murtiwi Murtiwi , Maryam Suryani
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa determinasi kualitas pelayanan pendidikan terhadap kepuasan lulusan FIKES UPN “Veteran” Jakarta serta dimensi manakah yang paling penting pengaruhnya terhadap kepuasan lulusan FIKES UPN “Veteran” Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Fakultas Ilmu-ilmu Kesehatan UPN  “Veteran” Jakarta secara sampling sebanyak 216 mahasiswa lulusan FIKES UPNVJ. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan survey data primer. Data dianalisis dengan regresi berganda  menggunakan Program Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang sangat signifikan dari dimensi responsiveness terhadap variabel kepuasan lulusan FIKES UPN “Veteran” Jakarta sebesar 0.243;  dimensi empathy terhadap kepuasan lulusan sebesar 0,226;  dimensi assurance terhadap kepuasan lulusan sebesar 0.283, dimensi reliability terhadap kepuasan lulusan sebesar 0.222 dimana masing-masing nilai probabilitas (sig) bernilai 0,000. Nilai beta coefficient dalam penelitian ini paling tinggi pada variabel Assurance sebesar 0,289. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah dimensi responsiveness, emphaty, assurance, dan reliability berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa Fikes UPN “Veteran” Jakarta, sedangkan dimensi tangible tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa. Dimensi yang paling penting pengaruhnya terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa yaitu Assurance, kemudian secara berurutan diikuti oleh dimensi emphaty, responsiveness, dan reliability  yang hampir sama pentingnya
KECEMASAN TERKAIT ALAT/UNIT DIALISA PADA PASIEN GGK DI RSPAD GATOT SOEBROTO JAKARTA
Authors: Wahyudi Chandra Tri
Published: May 2021

Untuk mengobati satu pasien dengan GGK, kami menggunakan frekuensi hemodialisa yang bervariasi tergantung pada kerusakan ginjal mereka, yaitu empat sampai lima jam dalam dua sampai tiga kali seminggu. Jenis pengobatan ini dapat menyebabkan stressor bagi pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi Hubungan lama Tingkat Dengan kekhawatiran laju hemodialisis terkait Peralatan / Dyalisis Satuan Pada Pasien GGK. Desain penelitian deskriptif digunakan analisis dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien GGK yang menjalani haemodialisa di unit haemodialisa RSPAD. Sampel representatif  berjumlah 131 responden. Hasil Dari hasil uji statistic didapatkan nilai P Value = 0,004 berarti P Value < 0,05, sehingga terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara lama menjalani hemodialisa dengan tingkat kecemasan klien terkait alat/unit dyalisis pada klien gagal ginjal di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Jakarta.