bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and design of an asynchronous pulse‐width modulation technique for switch mode power supply
Authors: Inanlou Reza , Shoaei Omid , Tamaddon Mohsen , Rescati Michael , Baschirotto Andrea
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a new mathematical approach to design an asynchronous pulse width modulation (APWM) for the switched mode power supply (SMPS). Unlike the conventional APWM that utilises a Hysteretic comparator based Asynchronous Pulse Width Modulation (HAPWM) to provide the self‐oscillating property, the proposed APWM is based on a Binary comparator based Asynchronous Pulse Width Modulation (BAPWM) and a delay cell. This way, compared to the HAPWM, the mathematical analysis of the modulator is significantly simplified. This was achieved by replacing the describing function (DF) ‐based graphical method with a ?linearised mathematical model. The introduced mathematical approach is extended to study the behaviour of the higher order self‐oscillating modulators in terms of the harmonic distortion. To confirm the effectiveness of the analytical derivations, the BAPWMs are employed in a classic DC–DC buck converter and the system‐level simulation results are provided. It is concluded that there is an acceptable degree of similarity between the simulation results and the deployed analytical calculations for different orders of the modulators. Finally, to validate these analytical and simulation results and also to compare the BAPWM performance with its HAPWM counterpart, both modulators are implemented using off‐the‐shelf components and their measurement results are presented.
Memory‐enhanced cognitive radar for autonomous navigation
Authors: Reich Galen M. , Antoniou Michael , Baker Christopher J.
Published: February 2020

This study introduces a cognitive radar system for autonomous robotic navigation and presents results of simulations and experiments. The study focuses on the role of memory within autonomous cognitive radar systems, examining the impact that working memory has on navigation performance. A suitable radar architecture is derived, inspired by basic natural cognitive processes. It is then implemented and tested in laboratory conditions with an appropriate technology demonstrator on‐board a ground mobile robot. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work presents the first results of an experimentally realised cognitive radar system that explicitly incorporates a short‐term memory function for robotic navigation.
FDA‐MIMO for joint angle and range estimation: unfolded coprime framework and parameter estimation algorithm
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li Zheng , Zhang Xiaofei
Published: February 2020

The frequency diverse array multiple‐input multiple‐output (FDA‐MIMO) radar provides range estimation capability by exploiting a small frequency offset across the transmit sensors, which has been utilised in numerous applications. However, the estimation performance is basically limited by the array geometry and signal bandwidth. In this study, the authors propose a new FDA‐MIMO framework, i.e. the unfolded coprime array with ‘unfolded’ coprime frequency offsets (UCA‐UCFO) framework, for joint angle and range estimation without ambiguity. The array aperture and signal bandwidth are obviously expanded by employing UCA in the spatial domain and frequency domain, which results in significantly enhanced estimation accuracy and resolution. In addition, we construct the joint angle and range estimation problem as a two‐dimensional (2D)‐multiple signal classification spatial spectrum and transform 2D total spectrum search into a 1D local spectrum search by introducing a successive iteration (SUIT) algorithm. The SUIT algorithm can significantly relieve the computational burden but without performance degradation. The Cramér–Rao bounds of angle and range are provided as a performance benchmark. The analysis and simulations have validated the superiority and advantages of the UCA‐UCFO framework and SUIT algorithm with respect to location accuracy, resolution, and computational complexity.
Novel sparse apertures ISAR imaging algorithm via the TLS‐ESPRIT technique
Authors: Ji Bingren , Zhao Bin , Wang Yong , Xu Rongqing , Yeo Tat Soon
Published: February 2020

The prevalent imaging method in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) system is range‐Doppler (RD) method, which is implemented by the fast Fourier transformation (FFT). FFT is computationally efficient, but it comes with a price – the problems of wide main‐lobes and high side‐lobes, especially under the sparse apertures condition. In addition, the resolution of RD method is determined by the radar parameters, which poses limitation to super‐resolution imaging, multi‐tasking and cognitive reconfigurable applications. In this study, the authors propose a novel super‐resolution ISAR imaging method based on the total least squares‐estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (TLS‐ESPRIT). The locations and intensities of the scatterers are obtained by employing the ESPRIT algorithm and the least squares technique. Then the ISAR image is formulated, having circumvented all of the above‐mentioned limitations. Experiments based on simulated and real measured data validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Filter re‐start strategy for angle‐only tracking of a highly manoeuvrable target considering the target's destination information
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: February 2020

This study handles the three‐dimensional (3D) angle‐only tracking (AOT) problem, which is calculating the target's location and velocity by measuring the target's elevation and azimuth angle. Nowadays, a non‐civilian (unmanned) aircraft can accelerate in an unpredictable manner. This study presents a stochastic filter re‐start strategy for tracking a target which can abruptly change its velocity in any 3D directions. Moreover, this study assumes that the target's destination information is known a priori. Using the target destination information, the authors can improve the filter accuracy as well as the time efficiency. As far as they know, this study is novel in using the target's destination information for manoeuvring target tracking in 3D AOT problem. The performance of the proposed stochastic filter re‐start strategy based on the target's destination information is verified under MATLAB simulations.
Simultaneous fast joint sparse recovery for WSN and IoT applications
Authors: Melek Michael , Khattab Ahmed , Abu‐Elyazeed Mohamed F.
Published: February 2020

Joint sparse recovery aims to recover a number of sparse signals having joint sparsity from multiple compressed measurements. Such a problem is finding increasing applications in wireless sensor networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) where multiple sensors collect measurements. However, existing algorithms lack both reconstruction accuracy and speed at the same time. In this study, the authors propose a joint sparse recovery algorithm, simultaneous fast matching pursuit (SFMP), which exploits some of the concepts developed for the fast matching pursuit (FMP) algorithm. SFMP achieves significant improvement in reconstruction time and speed compared to other related existing algorithms. In contrast to related algorithms, support selection is performed efficiently as the number of selected atoms is adapted from an iteration to another. Furthermore, signal estimation is performed avoiding large matrix inversion as in related algorithms. Moreover, simultaneously pruning the estimated signals, results in removing incorrectly selected ones. Due to the efficient selection strategy and the simultaneous pruning operation, the algorithm shows significant improvement in reconstruction accuracy from noisy measurements. SFMP achieves significant speed improvement over simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit, and significant accuracy improvement over simultaneous compressive sampling matching pursuit, requiring a much smaller number of measurements.
The rise and fall of an extraordinary Ca-rich transient
Authors: Prentice S. J. , Maguire K. , Flörs A. , Taubenberger S. , Inserra C. , Frohmaier C. , Chen T. W. , Anderson J. P. , Ashall C. , Clark P. , Fraser M. , Galbany L. , Gal-Yam A. , Gromadzki M. , Gutiérrez C. P. , James P. A. , Jonker P. G. , Kankare E. , Leloudas G. , Magee M. R. , Mazzali P. A. , Nicholl M. , Pursiainen M. , Skillen K. , Smartt S. J. , Smith K. W. , Vogl C. , Young D. R.
Published: February 2020

This work presents the observations and analysis of ATLAS19dqr/SN 2019bkc, an extraordinary rapidly evolving transient event located in an isolated environment, tens of kiloparsecs from any likely host. Its light curves rise to maximum light in 5−6 d and then display a decline of Δm15 ∼ 5 mag. With such a pronounced decay, it has one of the most rapidly evolving light curves known for a stellar explosion. The early spectra show similarities to normal and “ultra-stripped” type Ic SNe, but the early nebular phase spectra, which were reached just over two weeks after explosion, display prominent calcium lines, marking SN 2019bkc as a Ca-rich transient. The Ca emission lines at this phase show an unprecedented and unexplained blueshift of 10 000–12 000 km s−1. Modelling of the light curve and the early spectra suggests that the transient had a low ejecta mass of 0.2−0.4 M⊙ and a low kinetic energy of (2−4) × 1050 erg, giving a specific kinetic energy Ek/Mej ∼ 1 [1051 erg]/M⊙. The origin of this event cannot be unambiguously defined. While the abundance distribution used to model the spectra marginally favours a progenitor of white dwarf origin through the tentative identification of Ar II, the specific kinetic energy, which is defined by the explosion mechanism, is found to be more similar to an ultra-stripped core-collapse events. SN 2019bkc adds to the diverse range of physical properties shown by Ca-rich events.
Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy versus gastric electrical stimulation in the treatment of refractory gastroparesis: a propensity score-matched analysis of long term outcomes
Authors: Shen Shanshan , Luo Hui , Vachaparambil Cicily , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Abdelfatah Mohamed M. , Xu Guifang , Chen Huimin , Xia Liang , Shi Hong , Keilin Steve , Willingham Field , Christie Jennifer , Lin Edward , Cai Qiang
Published: February 2020

Background Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) and gastric electrical stimulation (GES) have been reported as treatment options for refractory gastroparesis. In this study, we compared the long term clinical outcomes of G-POEM versus GES in the treatment of such patients.

Methods We retrospectively evaluated 111 consecutive patients with refractory gastroparesis between January 2009 and August 2018. To overcome selection bias, we used propensity score matching (1:1) between G-POEM and GES treatment. The primary outcome was the duration of clinical response.

Results After propensity score matching, 23 patients were included in each group. After a median follow-up of 27.7 months, G-POEM had a significantly better and longer clinical response than GES (hazard ratio [HR] for clinical recurrence 0.39, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.16 – 0.95; P = 0.04). The median duration of response was 25.4 months (95 %CI 8.7 – 42.0) in the GES group and was not reached in the G-POEM group. The Kaplan – Meier estimate of 24-month clinical response rate was 76.6 % with G-POEM vs. 53.7 % with GES. GES appeared to have little effect on idiopathic gastroparesis (HR for recurrence with G-POEM vs. GES 0.35, 95 %CI 0.13 – 0.95; P = 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was higher in the GES group (26.1 % vs. 4.3 %; P = 0.10).

Conclusion Among patients with refractory gastroparesis, clinical response was better and lasted longer with G-POEM than with GES. The positive outcomes with G-POEM are likely to derive from the superior clinical response in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Assessing the Quality of Life of Filipino Cancer Patients: A Survey of Filipino Oncologists
Authors: Ting Frederic Ivan , Callueng Jose Miguel , Vallente Jeremiah , Hurtado Reya Andrea , Ramirez Arjel , Catedral Lance Isidore , King Rich Ericson , Velasco Rogelio , Mondragon Karen Anjela , Ignacio Jorge , Ngelangel Corazon
Published: February 2020

Introduction Recent trials of new drugs have placed much emphasis on survival. However, several guidelines have emphasized the need for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as part of the holistic approach in the management of cancer patients. There are currently no national governing guidelines and no existing data on the status of HRQoL assessments by Filipino oncologists, thus this study.

Study Design This was a cross-sectional study that utilized a validated questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results A total of 312 oncologists participated in this study. Majority were medical oncologists (41%), followed by radiation oncologists (25%), hematologists (14%), gynecologic oncologists (12%), and surgical oncologists (8%). About 96% reported that HRQoL assessment was important for clinical work; however, 58% perceived HRQoL to be a vague term and 55% felt they were insufficiently trained to assess HRQoL. About 89% reported that they will be more confident if local HRQoL assessment guidelines will be present, and 93% agreed to the use of a unified HRQoL assessment tool for Filipino cancer patients. About 85% thought that the optimal number of questions for a HRQoL assessment tool should be between 5 and 15 questions. The significant predictors of HRQoL assessment among oncologists were field of oncology and years in practice/training (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Filipino oncologists perceived HRQoL patient assessments to be important in clinical practice. However, majority did not know which tool to use and did not feel sufficiently trained to assess HRQoL. The creation of a practice guideline that would facilitate the use of a unified HRQoL assessment tool for Filipino cancer patients is highly recommended.
Co-infection of wheat by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Parastagonospora nodorum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia
Authors: Abdullah Araz S. , Gibberd Mark R. , Hamblin John
Published: February 2020

The pathogenic fungal species Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) and Parastagonospora nodorum (Pan) are common in many wheat-producing parts of the world. These two fungi cause tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch, respectively, frequently co-infecting wheat leaves. Empirical studies of this and other co-infections are rare because of the visual similarity of symptoms and the lack of robust methods for quantifying the abundance of pathogens associated with the co-infection. Here, we use a recently developed molecular method that simultaneously distinguishes and quantifies, in DNA equivalent, the abundance of Ptr and Pan, thereby allowing the prevalence of co-infection to be determined. The study examines the prevalence of co-infection under field conditions, at three widely spaced sites and on three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars varying in disease resistance. Co-infection by Ptr and Pan was almost ubiquitous (overall prevalence 94%), and Pan DNA was detected only in association with Ptr. Although Ptr and Pan commonly co-infected, Ptr was more abundant during early and mid-season, at 80% of total fungal abundance when crops were tillering and 67% at booting stage. Pan became as abundant as Ptr when crops reached flowering. Variability in total fungal abundance and disease severity was primarily determined by cultivar; however, Ptr was the more abundant despite differences in cultivar resistance to this pathogen.
Separating (non-)figurative weeds from wheat
Authors: Brdar Mario , Brdar-Szabó Rita , Perak Benedikt
Published: February 2020

While approaches developed to recognize
figurative expressions in discourse widely differ with respect to
their formalization, most of them aim for the identification of the
figurativeness as directly as possible. There is, however, another
promising starting point – to turn our back to figurative wheat and
attend to non-figurative weeds first, identifying and subsequently
eliminating them from further consideration. On the basis of a
methodological exercise consisting of several small-scale case
studies involving English and Croatian material, we claim that by
approaching metaphors in a negative way we can achieve a high
success rate while using considerably leaner tools. We also show
that the situation with conceptual metonymies seems to be very
different, i.e. searching for literal uses first and then for
metonymic ones, does not lead to the same success.
A multi-level view of metaphor and some of its advantages
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán
Published: February 2020

This chapter focuses on the way in which we think
about our conceptual system and puts forward a number of questions
related to its essential structures in terms of their schematicity.
It is proposed that image schemas, domains, frames and mental spaces
are interconnected in metaphorical conceptualization. A detailed
analysis of the source domain of building is carried out in
order to pin down the kind of distinctions that we may postulate
regarding its operation with a view to depicting the functioning of
the system. The multi-layered view of metaphor is advanced, which
can accommodate many aspects of metaphor and account for a number of
metaphor-related phenomena in a unified manner.
Intensification via figurative language
Authors: Athanasiadou Angeliki
Published: February 2020

Figurative language, generally speaking, involves
intended meaning; it is employed in order to communicate something
beyond the very meaning of the elements of a construction. This is
largely accomplished by the incongruence of domains, scripts, frames
or entities that participate in the conceptualization and the
expression of figuration. Irony, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, or
metonymy are witnessed to come to the surface, depending on the
degree of incongruity between sources and targets. Each figurative
process highlights different degrees of intensification.
Intensification seems also to be due not only to the type of figure
but to two additional parameters as well: the evocation of more than
one figure and the special constructional patterns of the usage
involved.
Metaphorical adjective-noun phrases in German journalese
Authors: De Knop Sabine
Published: February 2020

The study explores metaphorical adjective-noun
phrases (ANPs) and describes the semantics behind the polysemous
structure of ANPs. The data for the research have been collected in
German newspapers. The whole ANP-construction provides an overall
figurative frame and tends to influence the metaphorical use of the
adjective in that construction. As the study shows the same
syntactic structure can refer to different metaphorical or literal
predications. The role of the context is also discussed as well as
the nature of the adjective in the ANP.
Metonymy meets coercion
Authors: Gonzálvez-García Francisco
Published: February 2020

Drawing on Cognitive Construction Grammar (Goldberg, 2006), this
chapter furnishes a usage-based analysis of coercion involving the
intensification of a prima facie non-gradable
category, such as nouns. Our data analysis reveals that, in
present-day Spanish, intensifiers (e.g. muy ‘very’,
bastante ‘very’, completamente
‘completely’, totalmente ‘totally’, etc.) can
felicitously combine, in attributive and predicative contexts, with
proper and common nouns connected with fairly disparate semantic
areas such as celebrities, animals, internet, music, etc. In these
cases, the intensifier coerces the noun into encoding a positive or
negative property through a generic for specific metonymic
parameterization (Ruiz de
Mendoza Ibáñez and Pérez Hernández, 2001). The analysis
proposed here can nicely capture the semantico-pragmatic
commonalities in these two environments, while also accommodating
the non-alternation of muy (‘very’) with other
intensifiers in lower-level predicative configurations with a
concessive interpretation.
Sources of pragmatic effects in irony and hyperbole
Authors: Colston Herbert L. , Carreno Ann
Published: February 2020

How persuasion is accomplished by speakers who
use hyperbole and irony, in response to accusations of wrong-doing,
was investigated in three experiments. Results confirmed a predicted
dissociation – when accused speakers exaggerate denials (e.g., “I
have never, ever stolen anything from this store”), they look
relatively guilty compared to using no exaggeration (e.g., “I did
not steal from this store”). But when accused speakers exaggerate
ironic denials (e.g., “Oh sure, I have always,
stolen everything from this store”), they are perceived as
comparatively innocent relative to using no exaggeration. This
dissociation is also not due to differences in
hyperbolizing-toward-zero, versus hyperbolizing-toward-infinity, a
difference which can affect pragmatic effects leveraged by hyperbole
(Colston & Keller,
1998). The results are interpreted as demonstrating the
operation of psychological figurative comprehension and influence
mechanisms both in parallel to and independent from similar
pragmatic mechanisms found in some theories of linguistic pragmatics
(e.g., Relevance Theory).
Metaphorical interplay of words and gestures in the Catholic
liturgy
Authors: Kuczok Marcin
Published: February 2020

This chapter analyzes selected Catholic
liturgical rituals as motivated by verbal and gestural metaphors.
Lakoff and Johnson
(2003/1980) claim that the conceptual systems of
religions are of metaphorical nature. The Catholic liturgy contains
a number of gestures and movements used in worship, for instance,
kneeling, bowing, raising hands, standing up, joining hands
together, prostrating, beating oneself in the chest, or washing the
hands. These gestures are often accompanied by specific spoken
formulas, which express humiliation before God, regret for one’s
sins, submission to God, readiness to listen to God’s word, or
response to His will. The aim of this Chapter is to show that in
line with the claim that metaphor is a multimodal phenomenon (Forceville, 2009), it is
possible to interpret the interplay of words and certain liturgical
gestures as metaphorical.
Cutting and breaking metaphors of the self and the Motivation &
Sedimentation Model
Authors: Devylder Simon , Zlatev Jordan
Published: February 2020

Why are expressions of irreversible separation
(e.g. I feel torn apart) used to speak about the
self? Are they to be treated as metaphorical? We address these
questions by using concepts and methods from cognitive semiotics,
and especially the conceptual-empirical loop. We
develop identification and classification procedures based on
intersubjective intuitions, and apply these to data from a corpus of
personal descriptions of traumatic experiences. To provide a
principled explanation of these expressions, we employ the
Motivation & Sedimentation Model (hereafter, MSM), which
distinguishes between three interacting levels of meaning making:
the Situated, the Sedimented, and the Embodied. On this basis we
provide a definition of metaphor, leading to the conclusion that
most instances of expressions in the sample would qualify as
metaphorical, while affirming that metaphoricity is a scalar
notion.
Single Cell Oil Production by Wild Type Strain Lipomyces starkeyi Y604
Authors: Agustriana E , Juanssilfero A B , Andriani A , Fahrurrozi  , Pangestu R , Yopi
Published: February 2020

As one of the promising oleaginous yeast, Lipomyces starkeyi has emerged as a great candidate of a single cell oil (SCO) producer. This is due to its ability to accumulate high lipid content and its ability to consume a diverse carbon sources. However, lipid production of the wild type strain is limited and efforts to obtain high producing wild-type strain are demanded. For this purpose, we conducted fermentation of the local wild-type strain of L. starkeyi InaCC Y604, derived from the collections of Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC). In this study, we employed glucose, xylose, and a combination of glucose and xylose as carbon sources and conducted the fermentation in the batch flask scale. Following the fermentation, parameters such as dry cell weight (DCW), carbon source consumption, SCO production, lipid content and lipid yield were determined. In this study, we obtained that L. starkeyi InaCC Y604 grown in medium contained a mixture of glucose (50 g/L) and xylose (50 g/L) accumulate highest SCO production with 57.04±0.94 g/L and its lipid content reached out 0.17±0.00 w/w. Despite the result is not the best among previous reported literatures, this shows that the Indonesian local strain L. starkeyi InaCC Y604 can be a promising candidate to be further optimized.
Utilization of Acid-Hydrolysed Microalgal Biomass Collected from Eutrophication-Affected Freshwater Pond as a Substrate for Biogas (Biohydrogen) Production by means of Dark- and Photo-Fermentation
Authors: Praharyawan S , Gazali F M , Susilaningsih D
Published: February 2020

Eutrophication-affected waters could be a potential source in providing abundant microalgal biomass which is rich in carbohydrates and can be utilized as a promising substrate for biogas (biohydrogen) production. In the present study, microalgal biomass were collected from the eutrophication-affected freshwater pond and then were treated by acid thermal process. Three dilute acid solution (2.25%) were used as hydrolytic agent, namely sulphuric-, hydrochloric- and nitric acid. Alternate biogas production first by anaerobic bacteria and second by Rhodobium marinum were conducted to convert microalgal biomass into clean energy in the form of biogas (biohydrogen). At first stage, dark-fermentation was carried out by anaerobic bacteria to decompose macromolecular organic matter contained in the microalgal slurry or hydrolysate into organic acids. At second stage, photo-fermentative bacteria, Rhodobium marinum, will utilize organic acids and monosaccharides in the fermented liquid from the first stage to produce (hydrogen) gas. The highest value of biogas evolution (426, 88±26, 88 mL/L) and biogas yield (839, 93±49, 41 mL/g COD) was achieved when sulphuric-acid hydrolysate was used as substrate
Methotrexate gene amplification for development of erythropoietin with 2 additional N-link producing cell lines
Authors: Santoso A , Wisnuwardhani P H , Kusumawati A , Herawati N , Rubiyana Y , Septisetyani E P , Nurainy N
Published: February 2020

As a workhorse for manufacturing recombinant proteins, ChineseHamster Ovary(CHO)cells are becoming an extremely valuable cell for producing recombinant proteins having glycosylation patterns like in human system. Development of cell line, basically, focused on achieving the maximum amount of active proteins by screening the cell line to select higher producing clone. Currently, one of mammalian cell line development technologies used by most biopharmaceutical companies is based on gene amplification technology with methotrexate (MTX) to increase protein expression. With that in mind, the aim of this study is part of an effort to develop cell line capable of producing erythropoietin with 2 additional N-links. Gene amplification was performed on CHO-DG44 cell pools expressing EPO through addition of different concentrations of MTX to medium. The cells were cultured using orbital shaker at the speed of 130 rpm at 37°C and 5% CO2 condition. Stepwise increasing MTX concentrations from 200 and 300nM to 4000 nM were carried out. To measure the EPO produced from the culture, ELISA analysis was performed. The whole process of this amplification took approximately 60 days. From this study it was found that the use of 4000 nM of MTX gave the highest titers of EPO which was approximately 170 mg/liter. This data shows that stepwise increasing MTX concentration is very powerful step for gene amplication and subsequently for cell line development as a whole.
Understanding the reestablishment of micro-ecosystem on the soil microbial community after Merapi Volcano eruption through 16S metagenomic analysis
Authors: Sumerta I N , Setiawan R , Sudiana I M
Published: February 2020

An eruption of Merapi Volcano affected the established soil ecosystem. Succession process will recover the disrupted soil ecosystem. Soil microbial community is known as the first agent for the succession. They play essential roles to construct the micro-habitat by contributing the ecosystem recovery in nutrient cycling and subsequently initiating the plants-microbes interaction. Since the soil microbial community and its functional profiles become a response to the reestablishment process, their structure community is essential to be understood. This study was addressed to describe the soil microbial community in particular of the presence of plant communities after the eruption and to find out the functional profiles through its community. Using the 16S metagenomic culture-independent analysis, we examined the soil samples of Merapi Volcano after an eruption in three types of soil samples including soil without plants (SC), soil covered with shrubs (LP), and soil covered with high plants (HP). As a result, we obtained that the establishment following the presence of plant community type delineating the pattern diversity value increasingly from SC to LP then HC with Proteobacteria as a prominent Phylum. The presence of the plant community suggested that plants-microbes interaction constructed the establishment of microbial community structure where the microbial community in SC led the nitrogen metabolism than other soil samples due to the annotated nifH gene abundance. Therefore, we assumed that the microbial community in soil without plants is the early recovery stage and the plant community for establishing the micro-habitat after the volcano eruption.
Profiling bioactive compounds in secondary metabolites from co-cultivation between actinomycetes and pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Sari M , Kusharyoto W , Brazia A C
Published: February 2020

Co-cultivation is one of the ways to induce the discovery of new compounds by activating the cryptic genes in a microorganism’s genome. Actinomycetes is an order of bacteria with many clusters of gene coding for bioactive compounds that has not yet been expressed in the genome. In this study, co-cultivation between Actinomycetes strain DHE5-1 with pathogenic bacteria are conducted. Activity assay was done with disk diffusion method and the bioactive compounds in secondary metabolites are identified using HPLC UV-Vis. The results showed the activity of secondary metabolites from co-cultivation as an antimicrobial agent against the pathogenic microorganisms tested. The bioactive metabolite compounds showed different profiles produced between the mono and co-culture based on the models of the chromatogram. Finally, co-cultivation has the potential to induce the expression of covert genes in the organisms’ genome. This finding can promote the discovery of novel compounds with enhanced antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria such as MDR-SA.
Isolation and Identification of Bacterium Resistant to Glyphosate and Paraquat Herbicide from Rice Fields
Authors: Widowati T , Ginting R C B
Published: February 2020

Herbicides are chemicals that commonly used to control weeds in rice fields. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria that were resistant to glyphosate and paraquat herbicide. The soil sample was collected from two locations in rice fields at Desa Mulyajaya and Kutalanggeng, Karawang. Thirteen bacterial isolates were isolated from rice fields and screened for their resistance to glyphosate and paraquat. One isolate was resistant to 3.500 ppm of glyphosate and 1.400 ppm of paraquat. Based on Biolog omniLog system, the isolate was identified as Ensifer meliloti.
Utilization of bio organic fertilizers for increasing upland rice production
Authors: Perdani A Y , Dewi T K , Widowati T , Zulfitri A , Praharyawan S
Published: February 2020

Productivity of upland rice plants is lower than lowland. Water availability and soil fertility are determined by plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of bio organic fertilizers (BOF) in upland rice production. The genetic material used was Inpago LIPI Go 1 upland rice. Seeds were planted in plots 16 m2 with plant spacing of 20 x 20 cm. Four treatments consisted of P1 (50% inorganic fertilizer), P2 (100% inorganic fertilizer), P3 (50% inorganic + BOF), P4 (100% BOF) were applied to a randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that the application of BOF single or combination did not significantly effect on yield component of upland rice. The application of BOF + 50% inorganic fertilizer increased fibrous root formation and the rate of mycorrhizal infection in the roots. The highest colonization of mycorrhiza in upland rice roots was shown by P3 treatment of 34%.
Immobile Rhodobium Marinum for Enhancing Hydrogen Excitation: Optimization of Environmental Factors [light intensity, pH and agitation]
Authors: Susilaningsih D , Azizah Y N , Andrianto D
Published: February 2020

Optimization of an environmental factor (pH, light intensity and agitation) for Hydrogen gas production using immobilized bacteria photosynthetic of Rhodobium marinum through facultative-photo-fermentation was studied. The experiment was conducted by using CRD (completely random design) to understand the effect of each selected parameter and their combination. The result shows that the combination of light intensity, pH and agitation were significantly affected the hydrogen production. Further data analyses gave information that light intensity and pH treatments were regulating the substrate consumption, i.e. accelerating the glucose digestion, which was, enhance the hydrogen gas production. The highest production of hydrogen gas from the experiment was in the range of 1055 - 1200 mL/L, at glucose, contain 10 g/L in the substrate. The optimizations of the photo-fermentation adaptive processes for bioproduction hydrogen gas are a necessary step to find the optimum condition of hydrogen rate and yield, in a certain period. Hydrogen gas is one of the powerful energy carriers that easy to be converting into energy form dailies such as electricity, fuel, heat or storage battery.
Study of the presence of Rhizobium bacteria which were inserted into the cell tissue of soybean seed using vacuum technology
Authors: Lekatompessy S , Murniati E , Kartika T , Sukiman H I
Published: February 2020

Rhizobium bacteria was known well as the bacteria which has potential on fixing nitrogen from the air and its widely used as biofertilizer. So far, the inoculants normally consist of Rhizobium bacteria which was packed in carrier material such as peat soil and applied to crop seed by mixing the seed with Rhizobium inoculant. This technique Rhizobium inoculant was not efficient anymore since much of bacteria cell was falling down, it did not completely sticked on the surface of seed. So this condition, resulted of un-effective function of the bacteria on running the nitrogen fixing process. To solve the problem, effort has been made to insert the bacteria inside the seed tissue using simple technology. This technology was developed for the target of symbiosis living between the bacteria and plants through optimal nitrogen fixing process. The purpose of this study is to confirm the presence of Rhizobium bacteria. That has been inserted into the soy bean seed using simple vacuum technology. The present of Rhizobium bacteria inside the seed tissue was observed from the preserved slices of seed tissue under amicroscope. The preserved slices of soybean seed tissue shown that the Rhizobium bacteria cell were able to reach the inside of seed tissue and fulfill the air space of palisade tissue.
Variation in transcriptional profiles of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in Indonesian yellow- and white-fleshed tuberous root cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions
Authors: Wahyuni Y , Anika M , Putri D H , Hartati N S , Harmoko R , Sudarmonowati E
Published: February 2020

Root-tubers of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accumulate high starchy carbohydrates, protein, and carotenoids. Carotenoids were associated with tuber colorus, i.e., yellow-fleshed tuber accumulates more carotenoids than white-fleshed root-tubers. Carotenoids serve nutrition for health, such as an antioxidant and provitamin A. This study aimed to analyze relative expressions (RE) of carotenoid genes in Indonesian yellow and white cassava (IYC and IWC, respectively). Nine-month-old fresh root-tubers of IYC (Adira-1, Mentega-2, and Ubi Kuning) and IWC (Adira-4 and Menti) were used for the analysis. RE of five genes: PSY (phytoene synthase), CRTISO (carotenoid isomerase), LYCa (α-lycopene cyclase), LYCb (β-lycopene cyclase), and BCH1 (beta carotene hydroxylase1), and a reference gene, i.e., EF1-A (elongation factor 1-alpha), were analyzed using a qRT-PCR. Results showed that RE of all genes were detected in IYC and IWC. In IWC, all genes were expressed high, suggesting biosynthetic fluxes through yellow α-carotenoids and xanthophylls. In YWC, variations on RE levels of all genes were observed. LYCa and LYCb were expressed high in Adira-1 and Mentega-2, indicating α- and β-carotenoids accumulate in root-tubers. However, BCH1 was expressed 2-3-folds lower in both accessions than all IWC, suggesting low zeaxanthin production and accumulation of β-carotene. In Ubi Kuning, α-carotenoids accumulation may not exist due to low LYCa RE. Also, higher BCH1 expression levels were observed in Ubi Kuning, suggesting a substantial zeaxanthin accumulation. Results are potential for improving carotenoid accumulation through breeding programs in cassava.
Selecting Pichia pastoris recombinant clones for higher secretion of human insulin precursor into the culture supernatant
Authors: Nurdiani D , Hariyatun  , Utami N , Wahyu Putro E , Kusharyoto W
Published: February 2020

The methylotrophic yeast,Pichia pastoris, is one of the preferred yeast hosts for recombinant protein expression. It has been developed as a potential host to express a high level of recombinant proteins, and to achieve efficient secretion as well as growth to very high cell densities. Previously, we have obtained 19P. pastorisrecombinant clones harboring synthetic insulin precursor (IP) expression cassette integrated into their genomes through homologous recombination. To selectP. pastorisrecombinant clones which exhibit high levels of protein expression, we conducted secreted expressions of IP protein in shake flasks. The secretion of IP into the culture supernatants was verified by SDS-PAGE. IP protein concentrations were estimated using ImageJ by applying lysozyme as standard. All of the 19P. pastorisrecombinant clones were confirmed to secrete the IP protein into their culture supernatants, and a single protein band with a molecular size of approximately 7 kDa was found in the SDS-PAGE gel. The six highest IP-expressing clones were selected for second screening in shake flasks. We selected three recombinant clones (CL-3, CL-4, and CL-18), which secreted the highest levels of IP proteins compared to the other clones. The secreted IP concentrations estimated by ImageJ for clones CL-3, CL-4, and CL-18 were 1230, 1143, and 1010 mg/L, respectively.
Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch for bioethanol production through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using immobilized cellulolytic enzymes
Authors: Triwahyuni E , Muryanto
Published: February 2020

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a lignocellulosic waste from oil palm industry. This biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin which could be a good feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production. The cellulolytic enzyme is one of important biocatalyst for conversion cellulose into glucose that subsequently could be fermented to ethanol. However, instability of enzyme is considered as a barrier for large-scale production. Enzyme immobilization is believed can obtain the high stability of enzyme. Therefore, this study explores the immobilization of cellulolytic enzyme on mixed Ca-alginate-activated carbon beads for separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process of EFB. The mixed of 3% w/v of sodium alginate and 3% w/v of activated carbon was used in immobilized enzymes. Variation of substrate concentration (50 g/L, 100 g/L, and 150 g/L) was conducted in this study. Hydrolysis process was carried out at 50°C, pH 4.8 and 150 rpm of agitation for 96 h. Furthermore, the hydrolyzate was fermented using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ethanol. As results, immobilized of cellulolytic enzyme could convert cellulose into glucose in hydrolysis. The highest glucose yield of 75.48% was provided from 150 g/L of substrate loading concentration. Furthermore, ethanol yield of 78.95% could be provided in fermentation process of 150 g/L of EFB. These results indicate the use of immobilized enzymes could be applied in hydrolysis for bioethanol production.
The amylase production by Actinobacteria isolated from rumen fluid
Authors: Ratnakomala S , Perwitasari U , Yopi
Published: February 2020

Amylolytic actinobacteria were isolated from the rumen fluid of ruminants. Eighteen isolates actinobacteria were obtained and the generation of actinobacteria mutants using chemical agent Sodium Azide. The actinobacteria wild type and mutants were then screened for amylase activity using starch agar plate assay. Ten isolates showed the ability to produce amylase enzymes. Submerged fermentation (SmF) was used for microbial production of amylase. It was found that maximum amylase activity (2.53 U/mL) was produced by actinobacteria isolate R-9 M, and 2.43 U/mL was produced by isolate R-2 WT using pollard as a substrate in Submerged fermentation. This preliminary study could provide base information for the discovery of novel actinobacteria from natural resources such as rumen fluid for the production of amylase, which will be used for multipurpose.
Aspergillus niger Str 3 and Neurospora sitophila for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation
Authors: Kanti A , Idris I , Sudiana I M
Published: February 2020

The use of phytase as a feed supplement is getting popular. However, the production system of this enzyme should be optimized to reduce production cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of 10 fungi isolates i.e., Aspergillus niger (5 isolates), and Neurospora crassa InaCC F226 to produce phytase, and select best phytase producer for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation. A. niger Str3 and N. sitophila produced phytase of 4.6 and 3.4 unit respectively were selected for phytase production owing to its ability to produce phytase in submerging fermentation with glucose as the primary carbon sources. These potential isolates were then used for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation. The effect of inoculants type, initial moisture content, and additional carbon sources were evaluated to obtain the optimum condition for phytase production. Media contained coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand at a ratio of 20 to 50% could be used for phytase production. Initial moisture content and incubation time affect phytase production. Optimum initial moisture content was about 60-70%. This work concludes A. niger and N. sithophyla were good inoculant for phytase production using formulated media contained coconut oil cake and rice brand in solid-state fermentation.
In vitro gas production and digestibility of oil palm frond silage mixed with different levels of elephant grass
Authors: Astuti W D , Widyastuti Y , Fidriyanto R , Ridwan R , Rohmatussolihat  , Sari N F , Firsoni  , Sugoro I
Published: February 2020

Oil palm frond (OPF) is an agricultural by-product which abundantly available in Indonesia. Study to enhance its nutritive value and to preserve OPF is necessary. Ensiling is widely used for preserving biomass with addition of lactic acid bacteria as inoculant. Further, to improve nutritive value of OPF, it is ensiled mixed with grass. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of addition of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) in OPF mixed silages on in vitro gas production and digestibility. Treatments were proportion of elephant grass started from 0, 20, 40, 60, and 100%. Higher grass portion in OPF mix silage decreased pH, increased total acid and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Highest total gas and maximum gas production were 90.38 mL and 99.50 mL, both resulted from S4 (100% grass). Higher portion of grass increased methane production. Highest methane production was 6.38 %, resulted from S4 (100% grass), significantly higher (p<0.05) than other treatments. The lowest methane production, 1.50% was produced from 100% OPF silage (S0). Highest dry matter and organic matter digestibility were62.55% and 62.53%, resulted from 100% grass silage (S4). It was concluded that optimum composition of mixed silages for rumen fermentation was OPF 80%+elephant grass 20%.
Purification and Stability Expression of Open Reading Frames encoding Fusion and Non Fusion Human Interferon Alpha-2a produced in Methilotropic Yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Ningrum R A , Mustopa A Z , Agustiyanti D F , Fathurahman A T , Swasthikawati S
Published: February 2020

Recombinant human interferon alpha-2a (hIFNα-2a) is therapeutic protein that widely used in hepatitis B/C and several cancer treatments. We developed higher molecular weight of hIFNα-2a to improve protein pharmacokinetic profile. The protein was designed as a fusion protein with human serum albumin as protein tag. The protein was produced inPichia pastoriswith 85 kDa in size. This research was aimed to purify, characterize and determine the stability expression of open reading frame (ORF) encoding Fusion and Non fusion forms of hIFNα-2a. The proteins were purified using affinity chromatography and characterized using SDS PAGE and Western Blotting methods. Protein recovery yield was determined by ELISA. Stability expression was applied in generation time until 90thgeneration. The results showed that the Fusion and Non fusion proteins were successfully purified with 74-79% of protein recovery. The proteins can be recognized by specific monoclonal antibody and verified as hIFNα-2a Fusion and Non fusion with 85 kDa and 19 kDa in size respectively. The expression stability showed that the proteins were still produced inPichia pastorisuntil 90thgeneration time with no significant difference of expression level. To conclude, the expression level of ORFs encoding Fusion and Non fusion hIFNα-2a was stable until 90thgenerations.
Feasibility of Aspergillus keratitidis InaCC1016 for synthetic dyes removal in dyes wastewater treatment
Authors: Idris I , Rahmadhani I , Sudiana I M
Published: February 2020

Several industries produce waste that can not be degraded naturally or toxic to a living organism, i.e., dyes waste. Fungi were considered as the best candidates for dyes waste treatment among other microorganisms because of fungi more resistance in the lack of nutrient conditions. Besides, their biomass can also function as an adsorbent that was able to absorb dyes so that it is more effectively applied. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility Aspergillus keratitidis to degrade Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the solid and liquid state. Dyes decolorization in the solid-state was observed based on clear zone produced, and in the liquid state, decolorization was determined spectrophotometrically. A. keratitidis was able to decolorize synthetic dyes in both media, solid and liquid state. CR was more effective dyes to be removed by A. keratitidis than MB. This fungus able to decolorize about 96% of 200 ppm CR within seven days and 63% of 100 ppm MB within ten days. Moreover, MB was more toxic dyes than CR, which inhibited A. keratitidis growth. A. keratitis was suggested involved lignolytic enzyme on dyes decolorization due to it can degrade lignin compound, but it needs a further study to prove it. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report about a potential study of A. keratitidis in dyes decolorization and lignin degradation activity.