bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS OF USING THE METHOD OF DISCOUNTED CASH FLOWS FOR EVALUATING THE CAPITAL COST OF JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Finance and Taxes, Doctor of Economics, Tashkent State University of Economics, Xudoyqulov Xurshid
Published: April 2023

The article outlines the theoretical aspects of using the discounted cash flow method to evaluate the capital cost of a joint-stock company with special emphasis on the use of the relative income method used in developed countries. In particular, based on the data of the joint-stock company «Qvartz» for the period from 2015 to 2018, the market value, book value and dividends of joint-stock companies were analysed, and the market value of the capital calculated. In addition, the study provides an analysis of multiplier ratios that are widely used in the world in evaluating the investment attractiveness of joint-stock companies. This, in turn, reflects a fundamental analysis in assessing the cost of capital of a joint-stock company. The study identifies the existing problems in using the discounted cash flow method in evaluating a joint-stock company and develops scientific proposals and practical recommendations for their solution.
NEW DOMESTIC DEVICE FOR HAIR TRANSPLANTATION
Authors:   Junior Researcher Interuniversity Research Laboratory  Interuniversity Research Laboratory, Head of Innovation Grant, Palimbetova D. N. , Sadikov R. R. ,   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher  Interuniversity Research Laboratory, Head of Innovation Grant, Babajonov A. B. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases, Assistant  Tashkent Medical Academy, Sadikov R. A. ,   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor  Republican Specialized Center of Surgery named after Аcademician V. Vakhidov
Published: April 2023

A domestic device designed for the implementation of the hair follicle transplantation procedure was studied for the first time in order to assess the suitability of extractable hair follicles of the donor zone for transplantation to the recipient site. Investigations of a device for hair follicle transplantation were carried out on 6 white, adult, outbred rats of the first year of life, weighing 200.5 ± 2.72 g. The method of visual assessment and microscopy was used in order to develop a method for collecting hair follicles and to determine their quality and suitability for transplantation. As a result of preclinical studies, it can be concluded, that the device allows the collection of hair grafts, the quality of which is rated as suitable for transplantation. The device is described by the simplicity of design and operation and high performance. The developed device is convenient to use and conduct operations to collect hair follicles. Preliminary results of experimental studies have shown that the design of the device also allows the transplantation of extractable hair grafts of the donor zone to the recipient site.
A Systematic Approach To Investigate BIM Implementation in Turkish Construction Industry
Authors: Karacigan Ahmet , Ozorhon Beliz , Caglayan Semih
Published: April 2023

Architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is currently in a transition process that deeply affects the long-established way of collaboration and building information modelling (BIM) is at the centre of this transition. Achieving the smooth integration of BIM in construction projects requires companies to spend great effort and resources. In that sense, it is crucial to generate a comprehensive list of critical success factors (CSFs) of BIM adoption. This study aims to systematically identify the CSFs of BIM implementation in the construction phase and evaluate their effectiveness on real projects for Turkish construction industry. Within this context, an extensive literature review was conducted and CSFs were identified. The number of times each factor had been cited in the literature was recorded as the frequency. A comprehensive framework with 6 components was utilized including drivers, inputs, enablers, barriers, benefits and impacts. The identified CSFs were assigned to relevant components based on their contents. In an attempt to distinguish the responsibilities of the industry, firms, and project teams; each factor was categorized into three levels of influences (industry-, firm-, and project-level). A case study was employed to examine the effectiveness of each factor in practice through conducting interviews with the practitioners of 18 different construction projects. The interviewees were asked to specify the effectiveness of each factor in a 1-5 Likert Scale based on their experience in that particular project. This study is expected to promote BIM implementation in the construction industry and inform the industry professionals about the most significant factors to focus on. Further research may utilize the framework to conduct similar studies in different countries.
Assessment of potential wave power along a coastal province, Central Vietnam
Authors: Tung Tran Thanh , Chien Nguyen Quang
Published: April 2023

The potential wave power has been assessed based on long-term wave data along a marginal sea area offshore Phu Yen province in Central Vietnam. Based on the publicly available WaveWatch-III reanalysis wave data (NOAA), the deep-water wave climate during the period from 1989 to 2019 has been analysed and used as the boundary condition for the MIKE21 spectral wave model. The hydrodynamic module of MIKE21 is also run in coupled mode. The model has been calibrated and verified against the measured data at three wave gauges. Simulation has been performed for every month, each with 1-2 typical wave conditions. The results show that the highest wave power (~29 kW/m) occurs in December. The distribution of wave power along the 30-m depth contour has also been presented for the annual average, NE monsoon (winter) average, and S monsoon (summer) average. The distribution map shows that wave power is slightly higher in the south of this area, and the NE monsoon season comes along with much higher wave power (7.4 times compared to that of the S monsoon season). These findings may aid in planning effective exploitation of wave energy for the region.
PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN DASAR KOMPUTER DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI BAGI PERANGKAT DESA PONG LENGOR, KECAMATAN RAHONG UTARA, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI
Authors: Yohannes Marryono Jamun
Published: April 2023

Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) adalah suatu upaya UKI Santu Paulus Ruteng untuk memberikan sumbangsih ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kepada masyarakat. Berdasarkan hal ini, tim mengajukan usulan kegiatan PkM di Desa Pong Lengor, Kecamatan Rahong Utara, Kabupaten Manggarai. Tujuan PkM ini adalah untuk memberi latihan keterampilan dasar komputer dan teknologi informasi kepada masyarakat Desa Pong Lengor, khususnya pemerintah atau perangkat desa. Pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan bekal bagi perangkat desa tentang manfaat komputer dan teknologi informasi (internet), terutama dalam hal pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan serta pemecahan masalah yang terkait dengan pekerjaan-pekerjaan administratif perangkat desa. Target luaran kegiatan ini adalah peserta pelatihan memiliki bekal dalam hal mengoperasikan komputer, dapat memanfaatkan komputer dan internet untuk memecahkan aneka masalah yang dihadapi, dan dapat memperbaiki kualitas pelayanan kepada stakeholders, terutama dalam hal kinerja efektifitas dan efisiensi di berbagai bidang.
The Contribution of Work Experience on Earnings Inequality of Migrant Workers: Decompositions Based on the Quantile Regression Equation
Authors: Peng Jiaqi , Li Jun , Ma Ling , Lv Zhiwang
Published: April 2023

This paper aims at excavating the influence factors of earning inequality, due to the increasing contribution of earning inequality to income inequality in a rural region. The authors examine the contribution of work experience on earning inequality using survey data. Employing the quantile regression, they estimate the Mincer equation of migrant workers’ earnings and decompose earning inequality by the regression-based decomposition. It has been found that the effects of work experience had been one of the most important contributors to earnings inequality, and its contribution is close to 20%. Furthermore, the authors use the same method to examine the effects on male migrant workers. The results show that work experience had a steady contribution to earning inequality.
The Balancing Number and Generalized Balancing Number of Some Graph Classes
Authors: Dailly Antoine , Eslava Laura , Hansberg Adriana , Ventura Denae
Published: April 2023

Given a graph $G$, a 2-coloring of the edges of $K_n$ is said to contain a balanced copy of $G$ if we can find a copy of $G$ such that half of its edges is in each color class. If there exists an integer $k$ such that, for $n$ sufficiently large, every 2-coloring of $K_n$ with more than $k$ edges in each color contains a balanced copy of $G$, then we say that $G$ is balanceable. The smallest integer $k$ such that this holds is called the balancing number of $G$.In this paper, we define a more general variant of the balancing number, the generalized balancing number, by considering 2-coverings of the edge set of $K_n$, where every edge $e$ has an associated list $L(e)$ which is a nonempty subset of the color set $\{r,b\}$. In this case, edges $e$ with $L(e) = \{r,b\}$ act as jokers in the sense that their color can be chosen $r$ or $b$ as needed. In contrast to the balancing number, every graph has a generalized balancing number. Moreover, if the balancing number exists, then it coincides with the generalized balancing number.We give the exact value of the generalized balancing number for all cycles except for cycles of length $4k$ for which we give tight bounds. In addition, we give general bounds for the generalized balancing number of non-balanceable graphs based on the extremal number of its subgraphs, and study the generalized balancing number of $K_5$, which turns out to be surprisingly large.
FROM THE GREAT GAME TO THE COLD WAR: SMALL WARS ON THE EAST IN THE BRITISH AND RUSSIAN MILITARY THOUGHT IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Malkin S.G. , Lezin A.I. ,   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
Published: April 2023

The understanding of a small war as a model of a colonial insurgency was a characteristic feature of the development of the military thought of European empires that were expanding their borders. The authors see this process as a reflection of discussions about the role of military authorities in ensuring the colonial order. Comparison of the Russian and British cases in the first third of the 20th century allows us to move beyond the traditional framework of the “Great Game” in studying the peculiarities of the use of military force in the eastern outskirts of the Russian and British empires. An analysis of the evolution of the military thought of these countries demonstrates that on the eve of the Great War, their professional military communities shared common ideas about the spectrum of priority potential threats to their security in Asia, giving priority to training personnel and officers in conventional conflicts. The study proves that in the Interbellum, the attitude of the military of the Great Britain and the USSR to small wars changed under the influence of new global ideological trends (nationalism, communism, pan-Islamism). We have succeeded in proving that, despite all the differences in ideological approaches and the methodology of analysis, both British and Soviet military thought came to the conclusion that in non-European theaters of small war, military measures represent only a part of the overall policy of appeasement of a particular territory and should be combined with social, economic and political measures designed to overcome the crisis of loyalty in relations with the native population.
UNRRA MISSION IN POLAND 1945-1947: SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF THE INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN EFFORT
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after B.N. Yeltsin, Zapariy Yu.V. , Borodunina K.V. ,   Ural Federal University named after B.N. Yeltsin
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the activities of the mission of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Poland. The history of UNRRA characterizes the development of humanitarian activity on truly international basis, it also allows us to trace the tasks and priorities of post-war planning and reconstruction process. The main efforts of the organization were concentrated on the situation at the European continent. Providing assistance to Poland as one of the hardest-hit countries in the war whose fate has also caused political controversy, was a serious test for the UNRRA. The article is based on American and Soviet diplomatic documents, as well as materials from the UN archive; sources give us reason to conclude that the main difficulties of the organization included agreement on the deployment of the mission, as well as planning supplies. The authors characterize the main directions of the mission's activities in 1945-1947, present information on the volume and structure of humanitarian aid supplies to Poland. Archival documents of UNRRA provided a basis for studying the activities of the organization aimed at stimulating the process of repatriation to Poland. Humanitarian aid and funding of programs through the organization made it possible to stabilize the situation and minimize the negative consequences of war in Poland. UNRRA's international approach has been both a strength and a weakness of the organization. On the one hand, the international approach contributed to an effective response to political challenges and logistical problems. On the other hand, the interaction of the USSR and the USA in one organization inevitably led to an aggravation of political contradictions regarding the goals and objectives of the organization's activities in a particular region.
A Study of Stress – Induced Subtle Magnetic Changes in a Mild Steel using Barkhausen Emission-Aided Analysis Approaches
Authors: Altzoumailis A. F. , Kytopoulos V. N.
Published: April 2023

In this study magnetic Barkhausen emission – based approaches were used to reveal and characterize some interesting elastic stress - induced quantitative and qualitative subtle changes in the micromagnetic activity of steels. The quantitative changes consist in a multiplication of domain walls whereas the qualitative in the formation of two major modes of domain wall motion. Concerning the first kind of changes, it was shown that the experimentally obtained low limit of elastic stress at which such micromagnetic changes may occur is in reasonable agreement with existing theoretical as well as experimental results. Concerning the second kind of changes, it was shown by means of two types of distribution approach, that these two modes of wall motion may be related to the grain boundaries as well as the grain interior micromagnetic activity. In this context, it was also shown that an increase in the supplied elastic strain leads to a broadening of both distribution modes.
Diseño y optimización de un reactor tipo Batch para fotodegradación de colorantes
Authors: Contreras Bermúdez Raúl Enrique , Velasco Pérez Alejandra , García Herrera Tania , Esteban Benito Heriberto , Ríos Velasco Lizeth
Published: April 2023

Se llevo a cabo una reacción fotocatalítica para degradar un colorante comercial y obtener los modelos matemáticos para el diseño de un reactor tipo Batch que opere a condiciones ambientales. La reacción se realizó con una solución de 30 ppm de azul de mezclilla y 0.9 mg de catalizador TiO2, a 6 h de reacción se obtuvo el 95% de degradación. La constante cinética de reacción obtenida a partir del perfil de degradación fue de  y tiempo de reacción de 389 min, con estos parámetros se determinaron las medidas para la construcción de un reactor optimizado y que proporcione alto porcentaje de conversión para estudios futuros de degradación de contaminantes por fotocatálisis.
The role of ADC histogram analysis in the diagnosis of pediatric malignant lymphadenopathy
Authors: SEBER Turgut , UYLAR SEBER Tuğba , AKTAŞ Elif , MUTLU Fatma Türkan , GÖK Veysel , KESKİN Şuayip , TEKELİOĞLU Fatoş , TASDEMİR Arzu
Published: April 2023

Aim: Lymphadenopathy (LAP) is one of the most common daily practice clinical findings in children. LAPs that involve more than one region and do not decrease with treatment are a significant cause of anxiety for clinicians and families. In this occurence, ultrasonography, which is the primary imaging method, is insufficient in some cases. Our aim is to make histopathological predictions with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis. Material and Method: A total of thirty-one patients, seventeen male and fourteen female, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and were diagnosed histopathologically (with tru-cut or excisional biopsy) were included in our study. Magnetic resonance imagings were evaluated retrospectively. Results: We could not differentiate lymphoma (when considered as a single group), granulomatous LAP and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with an ADC histogram analysis (p>0.05). However, when the lymphoma subgroups were evaluated separately, we could only distinguish Burkitt’s lymphoma (with ADCmin values) from other pathologies (p
Determination of antibiotic resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, which are the causative agents of urinary tract infection in pregnant women
Authors: AYDOĞMUŞ Süheyla , KAYA KILIÇ Esra
Published: April 2023

Aim: Urinary tract infections are common infections during pregnancy. Infections seen during pregnancy have a spectrum ranging from asymptomatic bacteriuria to cystitis, pyelonephritis and, urosepsis. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance rates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) isolates isolated from urinary cultures of pregnant women who applied to the Ankara Training and Research Hospital. Material and Method: The identification and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates isolated from urinary samples of pregnant women who applied to the Ankara Training and Research Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were investigated with VITEK-2 (Biomerioux, France) fully automated system, and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) was investigated by combined disc diffusion method. The obtained data were analysed retrospectively. Results: Bacterial growth was detected in 1090 (1.2%) out of a total of 8923 urine samples over a two-year period. 480 (4.4%) of the microbial agents reproducing in urine culture were E. coli and 105 (0.96%) were K. pneumoniae. The rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in E. coli strains was 16.04% (77/480), and the rate of ESBL in K. pneumoniae strains was 20.9% (22/105). Resistance rates of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, phosphomycin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, nitrofurantoin, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem in ESBL negative E. coli strains were 15.9%, 8.82%, 20%, 11.1%, 5.88%, 0%, 0%, 0% and 0%, respectively. Resistance rates of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, phosphomycin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, nitrofurantoin, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem in ESBL positive E. coli strains were determined as 66.5%, 100%, 2.2%, 33.8%, 11.5%, 0%, 0%, 0% and, 0%, respectively. Resistance rates of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, phosphomycin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, nitrofurantoin, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem in ESBL negative K. pneumoniae strains were 53%, 100%, 12.5%, 28.5%, 2.2%, 3.5%, 0%, 0% and, 4.5%, respectively. Resistance rates of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, phosphomycin, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem in ESBL positive K. pneumoniae strains were 62.5%, 100%, 12.5%, 35%, 28.5%, 22.7%, 0%, 0% and, 4.5%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the antibiotic susceptibility data in our hospital, phosphomycin or carbapenems may be preferred due to the low resistance rate in the empirical treatment of E. coli-related urinary tract infections in pregnant women. In the treatment of urinary tract infections due to K. pneumoniae, phosphomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam or carbapenems may be preferred due to low resistance rates.
Deconstructing Traditional Bullying, Cyberbullying and Psychological Distress among LGBT and Heterosexual Adolescents in South Africa
Authors: Olaseni Abayomi O. , Adewoye Segun Emmanuel
Published: April 2023

Bullying and psychological distress among adolescents are considered serious social and public health concerns. Several research works concerning psychological distress among adolescents as a result of bullying experiences have been conducted but not many studies explore the differences in the bullying experiences of LGBT adolescents and their heterosexual counterparts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the comparative analyses of traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and psychological distress among heterosexual and LGBT adolescents in South Africa. The study adopted an ex-post-facto research design. A total of 140 respondents (73.6% self-identified as heterosexual and 26.4% as LGBT adolescents) who are students, were engaged using purposive random sampling. Participants completed the bullying victimisation components (B1 for the traditional bullying scale and B2 for cyberbullying scale) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), which measures psychological distress among the study participants. Findings revealed that sexual orientations and gender identities do not significantly influence traditional-bullying victimisation among adolescents (t = 0.065, df = 138, p > .05). However, further analysis revealed that LGBT adolescents (ẋ=53.44; SD=05.03) reported higher experiences of cyberbullying, compared to their heterosexual counterparts (ẋ=45.84; SD=06.57). Consequently, LGBT adolescents (ẋ=30.28; SD=0.75) reported higher experiences of psychological distress because of cyberbullying victimisation, compared to their heterosexual counterparts (ẋ=24.87; SD=03.15). It is recommended that psychological assessments and insightful counselling should be encouraged among LGBT adolescents. The purposeful intervention might enable early identification of psychological problems, and in turn, enables early psychosocial interventions that will address the prevailing psychological distress experienced among LGBT adolescents because of bullying victimisation.

Keywords: Bullying; LGBT; Heterosexual; Psychological Distress; Adolescents
The Imprint of Clump Formation at High Redshift. II. The Chemistry of the Bulge
Authors: Debattista Victor P. , Liddicott David J. , Gonzalez Oscar A. , Beraldo e Silva Leandro , Amarante João A. S. , Lazar Ilin , Zoccali Manuela , Valenti Elena , Fisher Deanne B. , Khachaturyants Tigran , Nidever David L. , Quinn Thomas R. , Du Min , Kassin Susan
Published: April 2023

In Paper I, we showed that clumps in high-redshift galaxies, having a high star formation rate density (ΣSFR), produce disks with two tracks in the [Fe/H]–[α/Fe] chemical space, similar to that of the Milky Way’s (MW’s) thin+thick disks. Here we investigate the effect of clumps on the bulge’s chemistry. The chemistry of the MW’s bulge is comprised of a single track with two density peaks separated by a trough. We show that the bulge chemistry of an N-body + smoothed particle hydrodynamics clumpy simulation also has a single track. Star formation within the bulge is itself in the high-ΣSFR clumpy mode, which ensures that the bulge’s chemical track follows that of the thick disk at low [Fe/H] and then extends to high [Fe/H], where it peaks. The peak at low metallicity instead is comprised of a mixture of in situ stars and stars accreted via clumps. As a result, the trough between the peaks occurs at the end of the thick disk track. We find that the high-metallicity peak dominates near the mid-plane and declines in relative importance with height, as in the MW. The bulge is already rapidly rotating by the end of the clump epoch, with higher rotation at low [α/Fe]. Thus clumpy star formation is able to simultaneously explain the chemodynamic trends of the MW’s bulge, thin+thick disks, and the splash.
Stereophotoclinometry on the OSIRIS-REx Mission: Mathematics and Methods
Authors: Gaskell R. W. , Barnouin O. S. , Daly M. G. , Palmer E. E. , Weirich J. R. , Ernst C. M. , Daly R. T. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: April 2023

Stereophotoclinometry (SPC) makes it possible to extract the shapes of surfaces by combining information from images, namely stereo parallax data and surface shading from slopes, with knowledge of the location of a spacecraft. This technique has been used extensively in the past few decades to describe the shapes of planets and small bodies, such as asteroids and comets. It has also been used to carefully navigate spacecraft around very small bodies, as in the case of the OSIRIS-REx mission to the ∼500 m diameter asteroid (101955) Bennu. This paper describes the mathematical foundation of SPC, with examples from the OSIRIS-REx mission.
Checklist of the diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Naivasha, Kenya, with some historical notes
Authors: Cocquyt Christine , Verschuren Dirk
Published: April 2023

Lake Naivasha is one of only two large freshwater lakes in the Eastern Rift Valley of Kenya, East Africa. Together with its satellite lakes Crescent Island Crater, Oloidien and Sonachi, it comprises a great variety of pelagic and benthic habitats for aquatic biota, and its sediment record represents a unique archive of past climate change and long-term ecosystem dynamics in equatorial East Africa. This is particularly so because local paleoenvironmental reconstructions can be checked against historical data on the composition of aquatic fauna and flora collected in Lake Naivasha since the early 20th century. Some of the most prominent biological proxies for reconstructing past changes in lakes are diatoms (Bacillariophyta), a group of unicellular autotrophic eukaryotes of which the siliceous skeletons (valves) preserve well in lake sediments and are good indicators for, among others, climate-driven changes in salinity. However, diatom taxonomy and species concepts have changed a lot in recent decades, making it sometimes difficult for non-taxonomists to know which species are concerned in different published studies. This paper provides the currently accepted taxonomic names of the 310 specific and infraspecific diatom taxa reported from Lake Naivasha and its satellite lakes to date, together with their synonyms used in literature concerning these lakes as well as other, commonly used synonyms. Further, a short overview is given of the history of diatom research conducted on materials from Lake Naivasha and its satellite lakes. The present checklist may facilitate the identification and interpretation aspects of future diatom studies on the wider Lake Naivasha ecosystem and on other East African lakes that are less well studied.
A new species of thick-toed gecko (Pachydactylus) from Serra da Neve and surrounding rocky areas of southwestern Angola (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: Marques Mariana P. , Parrinha Diogo , Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Brennan Ian G. , Heinicke Matthew P. , Bauer Aaron M.
Published: April 2023

Several specimens of Pachydactylus angolensis, a poorly known Angolan endemic gecko, have recently been collected in southern Angola, considerably increasing its known distribution range. Previous observations led to the hypothesis that two different morphological forms exist in the country—a coastal form and an inland form. Based on the morphological examination of historical and recently collected specimens, as well as on newly generated molecular data, we conducted a taxonomic revision of this putative species complex. The results support the separation of these two forms as two different species. The coastal form belongs to the nominotypic population, while the inland form is here described as a new species, Pachydactylus maiatoisp. nov.. A brief comment on the biogeographical implications of this discovery is also provided.
A new species of Schindleria (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) from the Red Sea (Saudi Arabia) with a specialized caudal-fin complex
Authors: Ahnelt Harald , Macek Oliver , Robitzch Vanessa
Published: April 2023

Species of the gobiid genus Schindleria are among the smallest and fastest reproducing vertebrates of the oceans. We describe a new species, Schindleria qizma, from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. It is an extreme example of progenesis, within the already paedomorphic genus, with morphological traits clearly differentiating it from its congeners. Schindleria qizma has a unique, unflexed notochord with a straight urostyle of which the tip is inserted into the hypural cartilage, rather than the typical flexed notochord with an upturned urostyle of the other species of Schindleria. Schindleria qizma belongs to the short dorsal-fin type of Schindleria. It is further characterized by an elongated but relatively deep body; a short dorsal fin originating just slightly anterior to the anal fin (predorsal-fin length 59.4% of SL vs. preanal-fin length 60.2% of SL); a head continuously increasing in depth posteriorly with a straight dorsal profile; a short snout (18.6% of head length); large eyes (34.4% of head length); a short pectoral-radial plate (6.3% of SL); 13 dorsal-fin rays; 11 anal-fin rays; 0–2 procurrent rays (where the last procurrent ray is short, if present); an anal fin with the first anal-fin ray situated opposite the second dorsal-fin ray; toothless oral jaws; females with few (10–11, total) but very large (4.6% of SL) eggs and with a conspicuous urogenital papilla characterized by a wide urogenital opening flanked by two long, bilobed projections; a dorsally pigmented swim-bladder; blackish, iridescent eyes, capped by a silvery layer with irregular rows of black dots or blotches; and no additional external pigmentation on its body, at least in preserved specimens.
Structures territoriales de la caféiculture chinoise (Yunnan) : des bassins de production aux systèmes productifs localisés
Authors: Fortunel Frédéric , Rigal Clément , Hu Ying
Published: April 2023

Dans le sud-ouest de la Chine, dans les contreforts himalayens, la province du Yunnan est le lieu d’une caféiculture faisant l’objet d’une intense activité économique et commerciale depuis les années 1980, période à partir de laquelle le pays s’est ouvert à ce nouveau breuvage, redécouvrant par la même occasion sa production. Cet article propose une analyse spatialisée de la filière café chinoise en exposant les évolutions productives et industrielles des différents acteurs, privés comme publics. Pour cela, nous proposons de discuter des notions de bassin de production (BP) et de système productif localisé (SPL) afin d’en décrypter les logiques, et de les mobiliser pour décrire une même réalité. Une fois ce travail de confrontation entre les notions et le terrain effectué, la conclusion propose des usages et des logiques d’appréhension des territoires productifs.
Les déterminants du choix modal nocturne dans la ville de Yaoundé (Cameroun)
Authors: Owona Ndounda Nicolas
Published: April 2023

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier comment s’opère le choix du mode de transport durant la nuit à Yaoundé. Depuis le début des années 2000, plusieurs études ont été menées soit par des scientifiques, soit par des collectivités territoriales décentralisées, afin d’évaluer les mobilités et les transports dans la ville de Yaoundé, en vue de proposer des solutions pour mieux encadrer leur développement. Malgré ces efforts de théorisation de la mobilité urbaine, la nuit est restée un temps quasiment oublié de la science et des politiques publiques. Cette ville, marquée par l’économie informelle, oblige pourtant les Yaoundéens à sortir davantage la nuit. À partir de l’analyse qualitative et quantitative d’entretiens menés en 2020 et 2022 auprès d’une centaine d’habitants de cette ville, cet article tente de mettre à jour plusieurs variables qui déterminent le choix modal nocturne : l’urbanisation rapide et désorganisée ; la rareté et la piètre qualité des transports dans un réseau viaire dégradé et peu éclairé ; et les variables personnelles que sont l’âge et le genre.
Les cryptos : la bienveillance coupable des régulateurs
Authors: Lalucq Aurore
Published: April 2023

Alors que le secteur dit des « cryptos » s'est vendu comme une alternative aux failles de notre système bancaire, financier et monétaire, nous constatons qu'après plus de quatorze ans d'existence, ce marché crée plus de problèmes qu'il n'offre de solution. Fraudes, blanchiment d'argent et faillites n'ont cessé de se multiplier, notamment du fait d'une régulation quasi inexistante, ou plutôt d'une réglementation complaisante. Il a en effet été décidé politiquement de privilégier un cadre incitatif favorable au développement du secteur des cryptos au détriment de la protection du consommateur. C'est ce choix que nous qualifions de regulation washing  : une réglementation existe, mais elle ne protège pas. Le consommateur peut donc être induit en erreur. L'analyse montrera ainsi, d'une part, que le double standard français (enregistrement et agrément) introduit par loi PACTE s'avère au mieux contre-productif et au pire dangereux, et que, d'autre part, au niveau européen, si le règlement MiCA est certes plus complet, il entérine néanmoins la création d'une législation spécifique. Si nous souhaitons réellement réglementer ce secteur, donner au superviseur les moyens d'agir et protéger les consommateurs, il faut abandonner le double standard français et la philosophie conduisant à une législation spécifique. Classification JEL : G28, K22, O38.
Innovation et temporalité : entre logique d’accélération et temps long des processus d’exploration
Authors: Lenfle Sylvain
Published: April 2023

Cet article interroge les relations entre temporalité et innovation en se focalisant sur les limites de l’accélération continue observée depuis la fin des années 1980. Après avoir identifié trois courants de recherche (vitesse de développement de nouveaux produits, rythme des entreprises de la Silicon Valley et projets très incertains), il questionne leurs limites. Il montre notamment la tension entre cette logique d’accélération, et le court-termisme associé, et le temps long des processus d’exploration à partir de l’étude de l’invention du transistor aux Bell Labs à la fin des années 1940. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, il entame une discussion sur les enjeux de la gestion de la temporalité dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique et d’effondrement de la biodiversité. Il montre notamment l’urgence qu’il y a à inventer des processus d’innovation intégrant le très long terme des processus physico-chimiques qui gouvernent le système terre. Code JEL : O32
Les effets de la crise de 1956 sur la Guerre d’Algérie
Authors: Djerbal Daho
Published: April 2023

Pris dans la perspective de la moyenne durée, les événements de 1956 ont précipité l’intensification de la lutte armée en Algérie et la fin du colonialisme français. Alors que le conflit se poursuit et se durcit, la Tunisie et le Maroc cherchent à user de leur influence, pour obliger la France à négocier avec le GPRA et empêcher le bloc de l’Est de pénétrer dans cette zone considérée comme territoire couvert par l’OTAN. La stratégie poursuivie par les États-Unis dans le Maghreb fait redouter à l’Union soviétique que la perspective d’un règlement franco-algérien direct renforçât la position des Américains en Afrique du Nord. Or l’Union soviétique ne pouvait souhaiter un tel renforcement de la pénétration de son adversaire direct dans la région. Dès la fin de l’année 1957, une alliance avec les pays de l’Est commence à se dessiner. Cependant, l’intervention des chars soviétiques à Budapest en octobre 1956 et le maintien d’un régime de démocratie populaire par la force ne sera pas sans laisser des traces dans la mémoire de ceux qui auront à jeter les bases du régime futur en Algérie indépendante.
La Turquie dans la Guerre froide
Authors: Asmussen Jan , Chamba Nathalie
Published: April 2023

Cet article examine le cheminement de la Turquie vers le Bloc de l’Ouest et sa politique pendant la Guerre froide. Nous analysons à la fois les raisons qui la poussèrent à rejoindre l’OTAN et ses relations particulières avec les États-Unis. Nous montrerons que la Turquie utilisa sa qualité de membre non seulement pour se protéger des menaces soviétiques mais aussi pour maintenir son chemin vers l’occidentalisation et l’intégration occidentale.
De la crise de l’Azerbaïdjan à la République de Mahabad : la Guerre froide et l’Iran
Authors: Zeiny Esmaeil , Chamba Nathalie
Published: April 2023

Un des conflits majeurs de la Guerre froide éclata en Azerbaïdjan iranien. Située non loin de la frontière avec l’Union soviétique qui sépare cette province de l’Azerbaïdjan soviétique, la capitale régionale Tabriz était une passerelle importante entre les deux pays. Les idées socialistes se propagèrent à Tabriz depuis Bakou, la capitale de l’Azerbaïdjan soviétique et elles menèrent à la création du Parti communiste perse en 1920. Avec le soutien de l’Armée rouge, le Parti démocratique azerbaïdjanais déclara son autonomie vis-à-vis de Téhéran en 1945 et créa un gouvernement indépendant. Le Parti démocratique azerbaïdjanais fut en fait créé sous la directive de Moscou. Les Soviétiques n’ont pas seulement outrepassé l’accueil qui leur fut fait, ils ont aussi provoqué une crise au niveau international. Ils ont dirigé et soutenu la création du Parti démocratique kurde ainsi que l’indépendance de la République kurde de Mahabad en 1945. Alors que des études antérieures accusent la rivalité entre l’Union soviétique, les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne d’avoir causé la confrontation en Iran, notre contribution prend en compte les initiatives iraniennes qui provoqué la crise, et ainsi nous soulignons le rôle de l’Iran dans l’évolution de la Guerre froide.
Le Népal et la Guerre froide : ses réponses à la compétition des puissances mondiales et régionales
Authors: Nepal Ratna Mani , Chamba Nathalie
Published: April 2023

La fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale avait à peine pu apporter une paix durable dans le monde que la Guerre froide est venue déstabiliser l’ordre mondial tant attendu. En particulier les pays du Sud global étaient vulnérables à la lutte idéologique entre les États-Unis et la Russie soviétique. Ce combat mondial avait aussi ses dimensions régionales. Les pays nouvellement libérés mais sous-développés sont devenus beaucoup plus exposés à cause des tensions mondiales et régionales. Notre article examine la Guerre froide à travers les yeux du Népal, qui se voulait impartial, indépendant et non-aligné, et qui resta indemne. Comment un petit pays enclavé a-t-il pu définir ses relations vis-à-vis des superpuissances rivales et de ses deux colossaux voisins, l’Inde et la Chine ? Que signifiait pour le Népal le fait d’être indépendant et non-aligné à l’époque des tensions entre des superpuissances au niveau régional et international ? En nous appuyant sur des documents d’archives, nous concluons que le Népal était beaucoup plus vulnérable aux tensions régionales qu’aux tensions mondiales. C’est pourquoi, face à la concurrence des superpuissances, ses réponses étaient en fait beaucoup plus des réponses face à la concurrence entre ses deux voisins l’Inde et la Chine. La voie choisie était la voie de l’indépendance et la souveraineté d’un petit pays et sa revendication qu’il pouvait agir de manière indépendante, impartiale et non-alignée dans des situations difficiles comme l’a été la période de la Guerre froide.
Les relations économiques avec les grandes puissances pendant la Guerre froide : l’Argentine et l’Indonésie
Authors: Sterzer Sebastian , Chamba Nathalie
Published: April 2023

Le XX e  siècle a été marqué par une série de conflits dans les relations internationales qui ont menés à des conflits armés majeurs tels que la Première et la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ces conflits ont affecté toutes sortes de domaines, comme la politique, l’économie et la société dans la plupart des pays. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, une période de tensions latentes s’est installée sans confrontation militaire directe entre les grandes puissances – les États-Unis et l’Union soviétique –, connue sous le nom de Guerre froide. Dans cette situation, des pays comme l’Argentine et l’Indonésie, situés en Amérique latine et en Asie du Sud-Est, ont eu à faire face à un contexte instable de l’ordre mondial, elles devaient prendre soin d’un côté de maintenir les relations avec les deux grandes puissances, et d’un autre côté de garder à l’œil les intérêts de ses propres habitants dans le cadre du développement socio-économique local. Pour cette raison, les différents gouvernements ont dû suivre des politiques étrangères et économiques aussi bien équilibrées que possible. Cet article analyse les relations économiques de l’Argentine et de l’Indonésie avec les États-Unis et l’Union soviétique principalement dans le cadre historique de la Guerre froide. Notre but est de comparer comment ces relations étaient dans chacun de ces deux pays, et quelles ont été les préférences retenues dans les relations avec les grandes puissances mondiales, sans pour autant juger lequel des deux pays a été capable d’entretenir des relations étrangères plus pragmatiques ou plus intelligentes.
Réflexions sur la guerre et la paix
Authors: Fejic Goran
Published: April 2023

La guerre en Ukraine a suscité un élan authentique de solidarité avec les Ukrainiens – peuple agressé, ainsi qu’une condamnation quasi unanime de la Russie poutinienne – pays agresseur. Cet engagement de solidarité, nécessaire et bienvenu, n’est pas accompagné, malheureusement, par une analyse impartiale et approfondie des circonstances et des développements historiques qui ont dressé la scène de la guerre. Les efforts d’analyse et d’explication ne peuvent – comme ils le sont souvent – être assimilés à des tentatives de justification. L’engagement pour la paix doit passer aussi par la compréhension de toute la complexité des enchaînements politiques, économiques et sociaux qui se sont succédés en Europe et dans le monde depuis la fin de la Guerre froide. Selon l’auteur, ce sont, entre autre, les interprétations divergentes de la chute du mur de Berlin qui ont inspiré les stratégies globales des protagonistes des conflits d’aujourd’hui. La résistance nécessaire à l’agression russe en Ukraine ne doit pas occulter certaines responsabilités de l’Occident dans la configuration du contexte géopolitique qui a contribué à « dérouler le tapis » à l’agresseur.
Heat-killed Lactobacillus helveticus improves mood states: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Mutoh N. , Kakiuchi I. , Hiraku A. , Iwabuchi N. , Kiyosawa K. , Igarashi K. , Tanaka M. , Nakamura M. , Miyasaka M.
Published: April 2023

We investigated the effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus helveticus MCC1848 on daily mood states in healthy young adults. Participants (n=58) were randomised to receive heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 powder or placebo powder for 4 weeks. During the study period, adverse events were recorded in the participant diary. Mood states were assessed before and 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of the intervention. The primary outcomes were the shortened version of the Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS 2) scores. Secondary outcomes included other mood state (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); visual analogue scale (VAS)), quality of life (acute form of the SF-36v2), sleep (Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS)) and fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS)) scores. Four weeks of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 intake, compared to placebo, significantly improved the shortened version of the POMS 2 ‘friendliness’ and the VAS ‘relaxed’ scores, which are two indicators of positive mood states. On the other hand, heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 intake had no significant effects on negative mood state items (e.g. anger, nervousness, confusion) assessed by the shortened version of the POMS 2, STAI and VAS. AIS and CFS scores also showed no significant differences. No adverse effects were observed with 4 weeks of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 intake. These results suggest that daily consumption of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 is safe and has the potential to improve positive mood states.

UMIN Clinical Trial Registry: UMIN000043697.
The gastrointestinal status of healthy adults: a post hoc assessment of the impact of three distinct probiotics
Authors: Mullish B.H. , Michael D.R. , Webberley T.S. , John D. , Ramanathan G. , Plummer S.F. , Wang D. , Marchesi J.R.
Published: April 2023

There is a growing awareness that supplementation with probiotic bacteria can impart beneficial effects during gastrointestinal disease, but less is known about the impact of probiotics on healthy subjects. Here, we report the outcomes of a post hoc analysis of recorded daily gastrointestinal events and bowel habits completed by healthy adults participating in a placebo-controlled, single-centre, randomised, double-blind, quadruple-arm probiotic tolerability study. Extensive screening ensured the healthy status of subjects entering the study and during a 2-week pre-intervention run-in period, a burden of gastrointestinal events (stomach pains, indigestion, acid reflux, stomach tightening, nausea and vomiting, stomach rumbling, bloating, belching and flatulence) was identified suggesting GI discomfort within the population. In the subsequent 12-week intervention period with 3 distinct probiotic formulations and a matched-placebo, reductions in the incidence rates of bloating, borborygmus, stomach pains, slow faecal transit and incomplete defecations were observed in the probiotic groups compared to the placebo. These results highlighted differing responses among the probiotic formulations tested and indicated potential anti-constipation effects. Product specific modulations in circulating interleukin-6 levels and in the composition of the gut microbiota were also detected. Together, these data suggest a role for probiotic supplementation to exert beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal functioning of healthy subjects and highlight the need for further longer-term studies in healthy populations to gain a greater understanding of the impact of probiotics.
Optimising mopane worm (Gonimbrasia belina) processing for improved nutritional and microbial quality
Authors: Ruzengwe F. Matiza , Manditsera F.A. , Madimutsa O.N. , Macheka L. , Kembo G. , Fiore A. , Ledbetter M. , Mubaiwa J.
Published: April 2023

Mopane worms (Gonimbrasia belina) is an important source of food and contribute to the nutrition of people who consume them. However, the traditional processing methods may have detrimental effects on the nutritional value and should also guarantee microbial quality. In this study, the nutritional composition and microbial quality of mopane worms processed under different boiling time (0-20 min) and drying temperature (40-60 °C) conditions were investigated and optimised using response surface methodology. An increase in the boiling time at the lowest drying temperature resulted in an increase in protein content and reduction in coliform counts. The optimum conditions of boiling for 20 min and drying at 40 °C resulted in mopane worms with a protein content of 49.4% DW and coliform counts <1.5 log cfu/g. In addition, high concentrations of crude fibre (13.6% DW) and fat (20.2% DW), as well as Fe (19.0 mg/100 g) and Zn (17.9 mg/100 g) were also recorded. A decrease in the total bacterial count, Escherichia coli and yeasts and moulds at the boiling time ≥20 min irrespective of the drying temperature suggested that exposure to heat reduced the microbial growth and contamination. Reduction of the mopane worms’ moisture content (<7%) due to drying further slowed down the rate of microbial growth. The optimal processing conditions (boiling for 20 min and drying at 40 °C) are recommended for pretreatment of mopane worms prior to further processing into various products.