bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Scene Context on Visual Search in Real‐World Scenes
Authors: Hussein Samia
Published: April 2021

The present study examined the effect of scene context on guidance of attention during visual search in real‐world scenes. Prior research has demonstrated that when searching for an object, attention is usually guided to the region of a scene that most likely contains that target object. This study examined two possible mechanisms of attention that underlie efficient search: enhancement of attention (facilitation) and a deficiency of attention (inhibition). In this study, participants (N=20) were shown an object name and then required to search through scenes for the target while their eye movements were tracked. Scenes were divided into target‐relevant contextual regions (upper, middle, lower) and participants searched repeatedly in the same scene for different targets either in the same region or in different regions. Comparing repeated searches within the same scene across different regions, we expect to find that visual search is faster and more efficient (facilitation of attention) in regions of a scene where attention was previously deployed. At the same time, when searching across different regions, we expect searches to be slower and less efficient (inhibition of attention) because those regions were previously ignored. Results from this study help to better understand how mechanisms of visual attention operate within scene contexts during visual search.
Dichotomy in Biological Motion Perception: Pigeons Use Feet Local Motion to Determine Direction
Authors: Tong Michelle , Mensinkai Priyanka
Published: April 2021

The study examines the visual processes underlying the detection of the motion of land animals, or biological motion. The ability to process the motion of other living beings has profound ecological implications in the wilderness and in our everyday life. Earlier models suggest that there are two distinct ways to process this information. One uses the shape of an entire figure and one uses the motion of one part of the body. In this experiment, we aim to study whether the local motion of the feet or the configuration of the body is used to determine the direction into which a figure is facing. We do this by training pigeons to discriminate facing direction of a stationary walking point‐light figure. Pigeons chose one of two walkers by pecking on a touch screen. Once the task was learned, catch trials of backwards walkers were introduced. This kind of display gives the pigeon opposing information about direction. While the shape of the walker tells them it is walking one way, the feet give the impression that it is moving in the other. Pigeons were successful in learning to discriminate directions and at the introduction of the catch trials, most birds used the local motion cue of the feet to determine direction. The results indicate that pigeons seem to being using the feet, rather than the shape of a figure, to process direction of movement. In conjunction with previous literature, this study suggests that there exists an innate “life detector” specialized for filtering the movement of the feet.
3. Comparing the Induction of CYP1A in American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by the Dioxin‐like Compound 2,3,7,8‐ tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD)
Authors: Cutler Geoff
Published: April 2021

The American eel population native to Lake Ontario has declined by 98% since 1985, and the associated fishery in Ontario has been rendered uneconomical. By recognizing the American eel as a “species of concern” under Canada’s Species at Risk Act, the federal government has indicated that conservation of this population is a priority. Conservation is a difficult task, however, considering the underlying mechanism of decline remains unknown. One hypothesized mechanism states that dietary bioaccumulation of dioxin‐like compounds (DLCs) by the female and transfer of these environmental contaminants to her eggs precludes proper development of eel embryos and larvae. These developmental effects have been well characterized in the rainbow trout, and include craniofacial malformations, edema, hemorrhaging, increased mortality, and up‐regulation or induction of the CYP1A enzyme. Therefore, increased CYP1A concentrations may be used as a biomarker for potential toxicity, and a quantitative means of comparing the sensitivity of different organisms to DLCs and their effects. My project uses immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the EROD assay to quantify CYP1A induction in American eel exposed to DLCs, and compares this sensitivity to that of rainbow trout, a reference species. Preliminary EROD results suggest no significant difference between eels and rainbow trout, and results of IHC analysis are currently under examination. If these data suggest an increased sensitivity of the American eel to DLCs, this would substantiate the hypothesis that chemical accumulation in adult eels and exposure to eggs during oogenesis may threaten the viability of embryos and larvae, which would precipitate the catastrophic population decline.
5. Attitudes on Investment in Descendants: Products of Evolution?
Authors: Myran Aaron
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine intergenerational equity (concern for future generations) from a human evolutionary ecology perspective.  The extent to which males and females differ in their concern about the welfare of future generations can be interpreted as a product of natural selection. We hypothesized that reproductive advantage is conferred upon males by discounting future generations and focusing on their immediate well being.  Given that males potentially have many children, and do not invest the same resources in raising children, it is to their reproductive advantage to focus on the present and their own wellbeing, so that they can continue to reproduce.  It is hypothesized that reproductive advantage would be conferred upon females who are concerned about future generations. Females potentially have fewer children and invest more in raising children. It is therefore more to their reproductive advantage to ensure that children survive to adulthood.   Using a between‐subjects design online survey, emailed to individuals in the Queen's Community (Students, Staff, Faculty, and Alumni), we asked participants to indicate what proportion of available money ($10, 000 they received by chance) they would allocate to mitigating a hypothetical food crisis (collectivist option) versus to three “individualist” options.   Participants were randomly assigned to hypothetical scenarios where the food crisis affected: the participant's generation, their children's generation, their grandchildren's generation, or their great‐ grandchildren's generation.  In all four scenarios, we found that males invested significantly less in mitigating the food crisis than females.  Additionally, we found that neither males nor females differed significantly between scenarios in the amount they invested in mitigating the food crisis.
6. Mental State Decoding in Dysphoric Individuals: The Role of Motivation
Authors: Sinclair Brooke
Published: April 2021

Depression is associated with pervasive impairments in social and interpersonal functioning. Research demonstrates that individuals with depression have difficulty interacting with peers and show lower levels of social activity than do nondepressed individuals (Levendosky, Okun, & Parker, 1995). In addition, depressed individuals report that their social interactions are less supportive and less rewarding than those of non‐depressed individuals (Nezlek, Hamptom, & Shean, 2000). This reduced social competence may cause depressed individuals to disengage from social interaction, which may in turn exacerbate their state of depression (Rippere, 1980). It is thus important to understand and identify the mechanisms beneath these deficits.  Researchers commonly use the theory of mind framework to understand impaired social functioning in clinical conditions. Theory of mind refers to the ability to make judgments about others’ mental states to understand and predict their social behaviour. Research has found a relationship between theory of mind and dysphoria (i.e., elevated scores on a measure of depression symptoms, but not necessarily a diagnosis of clinical depression). Specifically, dysphoric individuals demonstrate enhanced mental state judgments (Harkness, Sabbagh, Jacobson, Chowdrey, & Chen, 2005).  My research investigates social motivation as an underlying mechanism for dysphoric individuals’ enhanced decoding ability. A sample of undergraduates will participate in a theory of mind decoding task following social, monetary or no motivation. I hypothesize that dysphoric individuals will make significantly more accurate judgments than non‐dysphoric individuals. Further, I predict that social motivation will enhance non‐dysphoric individuals’ sensitivity to others’ mental states.
12. The Role of the Human Prefrontal Cortex in the Response Suppression of Eye Movements
Authors: Chan Jason Lloyd
Published: April 2021

Increased activity in a population of prefrontal cortex neurons has been shown, in previous studies, to precede correct anti‐saccades in primates. In addition, the time courses of two competing processes in these neurons, task selection (which prepares for an eye movement) and saccade suppression (which prepares for the suppression of an eye movement), intersect at a specific time after the presentation of a coloured instruction cue. The purpose of this study is to use eye tracking behaviour to investigate this intersection point and its role in response suppression in regard to the generation of anti‐saccades in humans. Subjects were instructed before a stimulus appears, using a colour cue, to either look towards the stimulus (pro‐saccade) or away from the stimulus (anti‐saccade). Instruction period times varied from 100ms to 1400ms, in 50ms steps. Based on previous primate electrophysiological data, the ratio of direction errors (pro‐saccades on anti‐saccade trials) to correct anti‐saccades was expected to increase around 400ms to 500ms, when the processes of task selection and saccade suppression diverge. A slight ratio increase was found and full results are forthcoming.
Empowering or Oppressive? Breast Implants as a Dialogue
Authors: Bot Jenna , Finestone Elana
Published: April 2021

For this dialogue, the authors propose to examine the topic of cosmetic surgery, specifically breast implants, and its implications. Our focus is to answer the question, “Is undergoing cosmetic surgery a mode of oppression or empowerment for women?” In order to gain some further insight into the matter, the authors set up a fictional situation. In this situation, two women, Elizabeth and Natalie, engage in a conversation about a famous female celebrity on the cover of a popular beauty magazine. This particular celebrity has just undergone breast augmentation surgery. Elizabeth and Natalie have very different opinions regarding this celebrity’s decision to get implants. This paper is a discussion of whether it is possible for women’s choices regarding cosmetic surgery to be free from ‘coercion’, the definition of ‘power’, and the price and privileges of achieving ‘beauty’.
Developing a Mathematical Model of Foot and Mouth Disease
Authors: Delorme Mike
Published: April 2021

The outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the UK during 2001 resulted in the death of over 6 million animals and an economic loss of approximately $14 billion. Understanding the dynamics of the disease is important for preventing or managing future outbreaks. Several susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) models were formed and examined as a result of work completed during the PIMS Mathematical Biology Summer 2007 Workshop at the University of Alberta. The model development starts with the most basic disease dynamics and goes to include the effects of vaccination and patterns generated by early disease detection. This presentation will also include a brief discussion of herd immunity and Canadian disease management policy.
"PEASANTRY IS OUR HOPE AND STRENGTH": THE AGRARIAN DISCOURSE OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY JOURNALISM OF M. HRUSHEVSKY
Authors: Telvak Viktoria , Kornovenko Serhii
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the research is to comprehensively analyse the agrarian discourse of pre-revolutionary journalism of M. Hrushevsky. The methodological basis is an interdisciplinary approach with particular emphasis on the structural-functional systematic analysis of historiographical facts and the method of critical analysis of documentary material. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the attempt to comprehensively analyse M. Hrushevsky’s appeal to peasantry in his journalism of the late XIX – early XX centuries. Conclusions. The conducted historiographical analysis has shown that the pre-revolutionary journalism of M. Hrushevsky focused on peasants and the most important problems of their lives. In his various texts, the scholar reveals himself as an insightful observer of all aspects of peasant life on both sides of Zbruch. This comprehensive analysis provided Hrushevsky with arguments for numerous socio-cultural initiatives (Ukrainization of the public school, agrarian reform, the launch of projects aimed at the peasant audience, etc.) designed break the vicious circle of patriarchal traditions and feudal prohibitions and guide peasants towards modernization. At the same time, the trusting and serious tone of the historian in his appeals to his reader, his encouragement take destiny into their hands make Hrushevsky’s writing style so distinct. Due to such peasant-oriented rhetoric, M. Hrushevsky’s ideas had a significant impact on the Ukrainians of his time and largely became the basis for agricultural legislation during the War for independence.
OIL LAW AND CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS IN "SKHIDNYTSIA CALIFORNIA"
Authors: Lazorak Bogdan , Zabolotskyy Nazar
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the article – is to study the most secret criminal environment of "Skhidnytsia California" – one of the most remote centres of oil extraction attracting the attention of hundreds of well-known financial swindlers in the Habsburg Empire as well as organized criminal groups. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematics, objectivity as well as methods of historiographical analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the article is an attempt to research criminal offenses that took place in the Skhidnytsia area. Conclusions. The analyzed problem has attracted scientific interest. The historians tried to show that in the XIX – early XX centuries oil became the subject of blatant controversy in society, the cause of global crises, numerous wars, international exile, instant wealth and a source of profit for the criminal world, which managed to organize an effective web of grey economy around the oil business less associated with the indigenous population of the province. The authors show that organized criminal groups appeared in the vicinity of Skhidnytsia in the early twentieth century and they were engaged exclusively in robbery of the local population, robbery of oil rigs, branches of savings banks, etc. In particular, many thefts were directly related to oilfield equipment, which was very expensive and sold in Skhidnytsia specialty stores. Many facts have been found which indicate to the existence of unwritten customary law among "industrial gangs" mainly based on the principle of silence and blood revenge.
The authors raced that increased of brine production, shadow capital accumulation, clandestine transit, money laundering, fire losses, employee irresponsibility, unpaid wages and hundreds of other precedents were the source of litigation, which in turn were a living field for the fashionable legal business, which against the background of the oil industry, and even more so the rigid tax system was increasingly adapted to industrial conditions of "Skhidnytsia California".
RUTHENIAN COMMUNITY OF THE INTERWAR TIME THROUGH THE LENS OF "LEMKO" NEWSPAPER
Authors: Nakonechnyi Volodymyr
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the article is to clarify the informational potential of the "Lemko" newspaper as a source for covering the situation of the Ruthenians in the interwar period. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of systematization, historicism and comparability with the use of cultural-historical and comparative-typological methods. The scientific novelty of the article is an attempt to analyse the situation of the Ruthenian community through the lens of the newspaper "Lemko". Conclusions. The study convincingly demonstrates that "Lemko" was an original newspaper with a certain publishing program. Its pages reflected the little-known daily life of pro-Moscophile Lemkos. It has been noted that the ideological beliefs of the publishers were marked by reckless Ukrainophobia in their articles. Being blinded by anti-Ukrainianism, the newspaper’s editors were unable to offer their readers any constructive ideological program. As a result, the mentality of the Lemkos-Moscophiles was preserved at the level of the nineteenth century outlook. This strategy, in the end, had devastating consequences for the fate of all Moscophiles: such ideological optics made them unable to face the challenges of the modern age, where only the united national communities, who were ready for difficulties ahead, won. Instead, the "Lemko" newspaper offered the Ruthenian population outdated values of the isolated mountainous terrain. Therefore, despite the considerable efforts of the newspaper’s publishers to spread "Lemko’s" influence to the Ruthenian audience in Lemkivshchyna and in emigration centres, the newspaper could not compete with pro-Ukrainian publications and, despite strong state aid, ceased to exist.
EVERYDAY LIFE IN DROHOBYCH TEACHER’S INSTITUTE: A NEW DOCUMENT IN HISTORY (1946–1949)
Authors: Ilnytskyi Vasyl , Kantor Nataliya , Batiuk Taras
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze an underground document from the Lapayev Archive "Report on Life at the State Teachers’ Institute in Drohobych" (1949) as a source for the history of everyday life at the Drohobych Teachers’ Institute in particular and in Western Ukraine in general. Research methodology – the principles of science, objectivity, historicism, methods of external and internal criticism of sources. The scientific novelty is that for the first time a hitherto unknown document on everyday life at the Drohobych Teachers’ Institute (1949) is introduced into scientific circulation and its analysis is carried out. Conclusions. Thus, the published document ("Report on Life at the State Teachers’ Institute in Drohobych") is an important source for studying the everyday history not only of the Drohobych Institute (1948–1949), but also of the whole of Western Ukraine. It is stored in the Archives of the Center for the Study of the Liberation Movement (Fund 63, Volume 4, Sheet 1‒4). The author of the document is the propaganda officer of the Drohobych OUN supra-district leadership J. Luzhetsky-"Stone" (who in this document signed one of the pseudonyms "5-TR"). The document itself was prepared on August 9, 1949. Although it includes information reports for 1948 – the first half of 1949. Note that the published documents are an important source for a comprehensive study of everyday life Drohobych Institute (1948–1949) in particular and postwar life residents of the Western Ukraine in general. The vocabulary, author’s and editorial features of the sources are preserved in the publication as much as possible. Own and geographical names are given without changes. Only the most obvious grammatical flaws could be corrected. Each document is accompanied by a legend, which indicates the place of storage of the document (name of the archive, fund number, description, case, sheets).
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MOSHYTSKY FAMILY TO THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE ХХ CENTURY
Authors: Muzychko Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of this article is to study the participation of Moszynski family in the social and cultural processes of Europe and the United States in the ХХ century. The methodological basis was chosen taking into account the objective and specificity of the object and subject of study. The basis is the system of methods of scientific of scientific knowledge: formal logic (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction) in order to clarify the content of the studied issues; theoretical – for the analysis of scientific literature; method of system analysis – to generalize the features of the historiographical and memorial situation. Problem-chronological, empirical, comparative and source methods are also used. The scientific approach of the publication is the formulation of new provisions on the peculiarities of  the participation of Moshynski family in the social and cultural processes of Europe and the United States in the ХХ century. Conclusions. The Moshynsky family embodies the phenomenon of preserving the Ukrainian mentality and culture outside the homeland. Art studios became a nourishing source for the family members, the content and meaning of which was to combine modern art trends with traditional, folk, and Ukrainian ones. All members of the family demonstrated an example of a successful combination of the realization of artistic inspiration with public activities aimed at protecting the national interests of Ukrainians. Of great importance was the family’s experience in defending conservative, religious, and values. The phenomenon of the Moshynski family was already realized by contemporaries, who considered it as an ideal model for Ukrainian families in the diaspora. Prospects for further research are to expand the source base, recourse to oral sources, family archives.
Mathematical developments in the simulation hypothesis
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kumar Ravin
Published: April 2021

Simulation Hypothesis is based on the idea that it might be the case that we all are present inside a computer. In this paper, we have performed some mathematical calculations based on the well-know equations of physics to further progress and understand the abilities and features of such a computer. One of our finding is the relationship of the essence of time between the computer and the simulation.
Periorbital complications as a result of rhinosinusitis in a pediatric patient. Case report.
Authors: Kwast Piotr , Waszak Maja , Rafałowska Joanna , Zawadzka-Głos Lidia
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Acute rhinosinusitis is a very common disease in children, however, its complications occur much less frequently. The most common complication of rhinosinusitis is periorbital cellulitis, and its manifestations include subperiosteal abscess of the orbit. Case report. We present a case of a 3-year-old boy with a preexisting bilateral exophtalmia, who was treated twice for periorbital cellulitis in the course of acute rhinosinusitis. During the first episode, an orbital abscess occurred and was subsequently treated with external ethmoidectomy. The second episode was treated conservatively. In computed tomography, a potential dehiscence of lamina papyracea was identified as the reason for recurrent periorbital complications. The patient underwent planned adenoidectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery. He currently remains under the care of the Department. No recurrence of complicated rhinosinusitis have been diagnosed. Conclusions. Periorbital complications, which are considered an emergency in otorhinolaryngology, should be immediately treated in hospital conditions. Dehiscence of lamina papyracea may predispose to periorbital complications in children with acute rhinosinusitis. Special caution should be exercised when diagnosing patients with preexisting exophtalmia reporting with orbital complications of rhinosinusitis.
Bilateral antrochoanal polyp: case report, literature review and clinical guidelines
Authors: Wasilewska Agata , Zawadzka-Głos Lidia
Published: April 2021

Antrochoanal polyps are unilateral benign lesions that arise within the maxillary sinus antrum. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical characteristics and treatment of antrochoanal polyp (ACP). A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the case of one patient with an extremely rare bilateral polyp with a high incidence of recurrence. ACPs account for approximately one-third of polyps occurring in children. Most of them are unilateral. The recurrent course of ACP is more prevalent in the paediatric population than in adults. ACPs require differential diagnosis with malignancies. The mainstay of treatment is surgery. The gold standard is endoscopic sinus surgery with complete removal of polyp mass under endoscopic control and widening of the maxillary sinus ostium via the middle meatus. Postoperative follow-up of at least 2 years is very important to monitor patients for recurrence.
The effects of overweight and obesity on oral health status in children and adolescents
Authors: Deszczyńska Katarzyna , Piątkiewicz Paweł , Górska Renata
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Improper eating habits among children and adolescents often lead to overweight and obesity. Research indicates that these are risk factors for many diseases, including diseases in the oral cavity. Aim. To analyse the correlations of selected parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status in overweight and obese children and adolescents versus control group. Material and methods. The study included 120 patients aged 11-18 years, who were classified into a study group with 60 overweight/obese individuals and a control group of 60 individuals with normal body weight based on BMI (Body Mass Index). Each patient underwent anthropometric measurements, such as height (cm), body weight (kg), which were used to calculate BMI. Additional measurements were taken of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), to obtain the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Clinical examination of the oral cavity included an assessment of dentition (DMF), oral hygiene API (Approximal Plaque Index) and periodontal tissue (PD ? Pocket Depth, CAL ? Clinical Attachment Level, %BOP ? % Bleeding On Probing) and CPITN (The Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs). Results. Statistically significant differences were found between patient groups with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI < 25 in the values of the following parameters: DMF p = 0.005, API p < 0.001, %BOP p < 0.001, PD p < 0.001, CPI p < 0.001. Conclusions. Overweight and obese children were found to have worse parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status compared to the group with normal weight. Our observations indicate that overweight and obesity may be potential risk factors for periodontal diseases in the study group.
Congenital cholesteatoma of the middle ear in children: a hidden pathology
Authors: Jadczyszyn Jolanta , Raczkowska-Łabuda Karolina , Zawadzka-Głos Lidia
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Congenital cholesteatoma is a rare middle ear pathology in children. An abnormality can be classified as congenital cholesteatoma if it meets certain clinical criteria. Aim. To present patients with congenital cholesteatoma hospitalised at the Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology of the Medical University of Warsaw in 2018-2019 in whom the abnormality was detected incidentally during paediatric and ENT examination. The disease was hidden behind an intact tympanic membrane with no clinical symptoms. Material and methods. A thorough ENT history was taken and microotoscopy and a hearing test were conducted. Preoperative computed tomography of the temporal bone was performed to assess the extent of the pathology in the middle ear. A single-stage surgical procedure was performed in all the patients to remove the pathological growths from the middle ear. Subsequently the patients’ hearing and surgical outcomes were evaluated. Results. During surgery, in two patients cholesteatoma masses were found in the anterosuperior part of the tympanic cavity and in the Eustachian tube area; in one patient, the growth filled the whole mesotympanum. No inflammatory lesions were found in the mastoid cells and antrum. No cholesteatoma recurrence has been found found in follow-up to date. Conclusions. 1. Congenital cholesteatoma in children is most often detected accidentally and localized in the antero-upper quadrant of the tympanic cavity. 2. Congenital cholesteatoma is a slow-growing lesion and develops behind the unchanged eardrum.3. Diagnosis is based on microotoscopy. 4. The only method of treatment is surgical removal of the lesion.
Salivary antioxidant status and oral health in children and adolescents
Authors: Piekoszewska-Ziętek Paula , Raćkowska Emilia , Korytowska Natalia , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The pathogenesis of oral diseases may be associated with oxidative stress. Salivary antioxidant system constitutes one of the key salivary defence mechanisms against pathogens and a protective factor for oral cavity. Aim. To investigate the relationship between oral health (hygiene level, gingival and dental health), age and gender and antioxidant capacity parameters in children and adolescents with permanent dentition. Material and methods. A total of 87 patients were examined. DMFT/DMFS and white spot lesions (WSL), oral hygiene level and gingival health were assessed. Salivary samples were collected from all participants. Unstimulated salivary flow was calculated and salivary samples were assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results. Antioxidant capacity parameters were lower in patients with caries, active caries, white spot lesions, poor oral hygiene and gingivitis, but the differences were not statistically significant. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly higher in low unstimulated salivary flow. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed no relationship between TAC or FRAP values and patients’ gender, but there was a positive correlation between TAC/FRAP and patients’ age. Conclusions. Salivary antioxidant capacity parameters differ in certain oral conditions. There is a correlation between salivary antioxidant capacity parameters and patients’ age.
Shear bond strength of different materials used for pit and fissure sealing
Authors: Korporowicz Emil , Firlej Piotr , Gozdowski Dariusz , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Pit and fissure sealing is a effective procedure in preventing caries, as proven in numerous clinical trials. Materials used for this technique are usually resin-based fissure sealants, but some studies suggested using flowable composites as well. The latest generations of these materials include self-adhesive flowable composites and bulk fill composites. Retention of these materials is one of the main factors that contribute to caries prevention. Therefore, shear bond strength tests that determine the material’s ability to bond with the enamel may help determine their clinical effectiveness. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the shear bond strength to the enamel of the following materials: Helioseal F (Ivoclar Vivadent), Vertise Flow (Kerr), and SDR (Dentsply Sirona) with XP Bond (Dentsply Sirona). Material and methods. 15 permanent third molars extracted for orthodontic reasons with prepared flat enamel surfaces were randomly divided into three groups. Tested materials ? Helioseal F, Vertise Flow and SDR with XP Bond were polymerised on these surfaces, using a mould. Samples were immersed in distilled water, kept at 37°C for 24 h, and then installed in an Instron testing machine. The machine stopped at sample fracture and the load was recorded. Shear bond strengths were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed. Also, samples were assessed using an optical microscope to assess sample failure type. Results. 35 samples, including 11 Helioseal F, 12 Vertise Flow, and 12 SDR were analysed. SDR with XP bond had the highest shear bond strength ? 23.70 (± 6.35) MPa; Vertise Flow ? 20.10 (± 3.95) MPa, and Helioseal F the lowest ? 15.93 (± 3.17) MPa. There was a statistically significant difference between flowable composites (SDR and Vertise Flow) and resin-based fissure sealant (Helioseal F). There were 18 cohesive sample fractures within the enamel, 14 adhesive fractures and 4 mixed. Conclusions. The shear bond strength of SDR with XP Bond and Vertise Flow is statistically significantly higher than that of Helioseal F. However, it is also crucial to clinically assess the effectiveness of these materials.
The first dental visit of a 3-year-old child. Reasons and socioeconomic determinants
Authors: Sobiech Piotr , Turska-Szybka Anna , Kobylińska Angelika , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Early childhood caries affects 41.1% of Polish 3-year-olds. If left untreated, it can affect overall health, cause local infections, and reduce quality of life. Objective. To evaluate the first dental visits of children in the first three years of life in the Warsaw agglomeration. Material and methods. A questionnaire survey of parents/legal guardians of children aged 12 to 36 months, living in the Warsaw agglomeration was conducted. The questionnaire included questions about socioeconomic factors (level of education and age of both parents, number of children in the family, economic level of the family) and the child's first dental visit (age and reason for visiting). Statistical analysis was performed on data obtained from correctly completed questionnaires (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to assess the relationships between selected variables and using the chi-square test to compare the percentages, p <0.05). Results. 496 out of 827 returned questionnaires were included in the analysis. The mean age of the children was 24.16 ± 6.92 months. 249 (50.2%) children visited the dentist. The most common reasons for the first visit were: dental check-up (47.4%), tooth trauma (19.7%) and the presence of carious lesions (13.3%). The first visits due to trauma were usually reported by children aged 12-18 months. Only 57 (11.5%) children visited the dentist in the first year of life. Among them, the most frequent reason for the visit was check-up (34; 6.9% of the entire study group). There was an increasing frequency of the first dental visit with the age of the child, as well as a negative correlation between the level of education of parents and the visit caused by toothache, abscess or the presence of carious lesions. Tooth decay as a reason of first dental visit was also associated with the lower age of the mother. Conclusions. The recommendation to schedule the first dental visit in the first year of a child's life is not satisfactorily implemented in Poland. It is necessary to disseminate recommendations among the medical personnel providing pediatric and dental care.
Lekarz dentysta i lekarz pediatra – współdziałanie w zapobieganiu i wczesnym diagnozowaniu problemów zdrowotnych narządu żucia
Authors: Kaszak Aleksandra , Kaszak Michał , Peradzyńska Joanna
Published: April 2021

The paper points out that in polish population dental and orthodontic prophylaxis is not widely propagated. It indicates the role of pediatricians in parents education of oral health prophylaxis and shows the role of primary health professionals in early detection and prevention of malocclusions and oral defects. In this paper the overall knowledge on dental prophylaxis was systemized. Dental caries and malocclusions are the particular problems concerning small patients. Epidemiological studies showed that the prevalence of malocclusions among polish children and adolescents is around 61.8%. Parafunctions together with dysfunctions and milk tooth early loss are the most common and significant etiological factors of acquired malocclusions. Pediatricians are able to detect many of that bad habits during out patients visits. Prevention is particularly important at the early stage of growing, because this is the time when stomatognatic system is the most susceptible for deformations. Thus, it is worth to remember that oral health is strongly related to general child’s health.
Zaburzenia kardiologiczne u 13-letniej pacjentki z jadłowstrętem psychicznym
Authors: Kucińska Beata , Smereczyńska Ewa , Werner Bożena
Published: April 2021

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body weight. This psychiatric disorder involves numerous systemic complications. Cardiac abnormalities are inherent with AN and they become more life-threatening as the anorexia nervosa becomes more severe. Anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders and the cardiac abnormalities are the leading cause of death because in AN structural, functional and rhythm-type changes can occur. The authors present the case of a 13-year-old girl with AN admitted to the hospital in serious general condition. Her major complaints were: fatigue and vertigo. Upon physical examination her nutritional status was estimated as severe malnutrition with BMI of 12.2 kg/m2. She was dehydrated, presented with bradycardia, muffled heart sounds and low blood pressure. Electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm with bradycardia and repolarization disturbances. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed pathological amount of fluid in pericardial sac, reduced left ventricular mass and systolic function, with decreased ejection fraction (EF – 49%) and shortening fraction (SF – 24%), as well as reduced systolic function of right ventricle with decreased fractional area change (FAC – 24%). She also presented the structural changes of atrio-ventricular valves: mitral valve prolapse (MVP), as well as slightly prolapsing leaflets of tricuspid valve with regurgitations. Improvement in cardiac function was observed with weight restoration. The authors highlight the importance of echocardiography check-up in patients with anorexia nervosa.
Wrodzony niedobór biotynidazy o późnym początku – opis przypadku
Authors: Lubowicz Milena , Łukasik Magdalena , Dylewska Katarzyna , Kurylak Andrzej
Published: April 2021

Biotinidase deficiency is a genetically conditioned congenital disorder of biotin metabolism. The disease is caused by mutations in the BTD-3p25 gene, located on the short strand of chromosome 3. The BTD gene conditions proper biotinidase synthesis. So far, approximately 150 mutations of this gene have been identified. The incidence proportion is one case per 61 000 births, and the carrier state – one case per 120 births. Biotin (vit. H, B7) is essential in numerous metabolic processes. The initial phase of the disease can be acute, chronic including exacerbations/remissions, progressive, and the symptoms can appear at any age. The diagnosis of patients with late-onset disease is particularly difficult, since the symptoms suggest disorders of different nature, especially neurologic. The diagnosis is based on the analysis of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, including biotinidase activity. The supplementation of biotin is the treatment of choice. It leads to rapid resolution of symptoms and can protect against permanent consequences of the disease such as optic atrophy, hearing loss or retarded psychomotor development.
Znaczenie kliniczne niedoboru czynnika XIII
Authors: Romanowska Izabela , Łaguna Paweł , Koch Katarzyna , Matysiak Michał
Published: April 2021

Factor XIII deficiency is very rare bleeding disorder with an incidence of one per several milions of population. It can be congenital or acquired in several medical conditions, for example in malignancies, autoimmune diseases and after some medications. The level of factor XIII < 5% causes clinical manifestations. It presents not only with mucosal, cutaneous and soft tissue bleeding, poor wound healing but also with intracranial haemorrhage. The congenital deficiency in women is the reason reccurent miscarriages. The diagnosis of factor XIII deficiency requires specialistic tests because routine screening tests are normal. The patients are treated with fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and FXIII concentrates. We present the latest diagnostic methods for factor XIII deficiency and treatment during bleeding episodes as well as prophylactic procedures.
Platelet transfusion associated risks and improvement of platelet transfusion safety with Amotosalen/UVA pathogen inactivation technology
Authors: Picard-Maureau Marcus , Paśka Marek Z.
Published: April 2021

Despite the introduction of multiple measures to minimize the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections, there is still a residual risk of platelet transfusions, especially but not only for bacterial sepsis. Recently, the importance of a reliable hemovigilance system has been underlined and an up to 10-fold difference in the reporting of bacterial transmissions between active and passive reporting has been demonstrated. Another reason for a misjudging of the blood safety may derive from the fact that some pathogens cause obvious damage to critically ill and/or immunocompromised patients only and asymptomatic infections in immuno-competent recipients and thus are not being reported. Pathogen inactivation for platelets, a proactive approach not only broadly inactivating pathogens, but also white blood cells, could minimize the risk of transfusion transmitted infections and graft versus host disease due to residual leukocytes. Only the INTERCEPT technology has received approvals from the regulatory agencies in France, Germany and Switzerland, United States and Canada. That technology utilizes photoactive methods to modify nucleic acids. Long-term routine clinical experience, also with children and neonates, shows the safety and efficacy of INTERCEPT platelet transfusions. The national hemovigilance data of Switzerland, France and Belgium as well as single-center routine use studies show an improved clinical outcome in the acute as well as in the prophylactic setting with a significant decrease in septic and other non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, as well as prevention of graft-versus-host disease.
Kiedy dziecko z plamami „kawy z mlekiem” kierować bezpośrednio do hematologa dziecięcego, a nie do specjalisty neurofibromatoz?
Authors: Karwacki Marek W. , Matysiak Michał
Published: April 2021

In a medical society awareness dermal cafè-au-lait spots (CALs) are commonly bound to neurofibromatoses (NF). Besides the prevalence of NF-1, reaching 1:2.5-3 thousands live births which placed the disease in a group of the most frequent monogenic traits of mankind, it is still only one among more than 80 clinical entities, where CALs are fundamental and diagnostic or insignificant and associated only symptom of the diseases. The aim of the article is to discuss the warning symptoms or disease conditions when urgent hematological consultation is warranted in a child with multiple CALs. Primary care specialists or pediatricians should than remember, that besides the possibility of consultation in centers providing differential diagnosis for children with multiple CALs and medical coordinated care centers for neurofibromatoses and related RASopathies, CALs are not only a stigma of neurofibromatoses and other RAS-opathies or phacomatoses, but a warning sign of other disorders warranted urgent or routine hematological consultation.
Czternastoletni chłopiec z podejrzeniem guza prawego przedsionka – znaczenie wywiadu rodzinnego w diagnostyce różnicowej
Authors: Wieniawski Piotr , Guzik Wioletta , Brzewski Michał , Werner Bożena
Published: April 2021

Fourteen-year-old boy, feeling healthy so far, was admitted to the hospital with effort intolerance and symptoms such as chest pain, cough and fever. X-ray examination revealed pneumonia and on transthoracic echocardiography pedunculated structure in the right atrium was found. The patient was admitted to the Department of Cardiology in a good general condition, without any significant abnormalities in physical examination. He reported retrosternal pain, which gradually intensified during the day of admission. Tachypnea and tachycardia were observed. On physical examination respiratory sounds at the base of the lungs on both sides were diminished. Laboratory tests showed positive markers of inflammation, negative exponents of myocardium damage, elevated levels of D-dimers (4-fold) (no other abnormalities of coagulation parameters). Angio-CT was performed which confirmed suspected pulmonary embolism. Under the urgency procedure, thrombus from the right atrium was surgically removed and pulmonary embolectomy aspiration was performed. Patient was finally diagnosed with family deficiency of S protein.
Racjonalne przesłanki do wyłączenia nerwiakowłókniakowatości z rodziny RASopatii i fakomatoz – podstawy projektu zarządzania chorobą w ramach koordynowanej opieki medycznej
Authors: Karwacki Marek W.
Published: April 2021

Term neurofibromatoses (NF) comprises three distinct medical entities of different clinical course with overlapping symptomatology and different molecular pathology. NF-1 and its allelic and mosaic forms is one of the most frequent monogenic disorders and together with Legius syndrome belongs to RASopathies. Remaining two, NF-2 and schwannomatosis (NF-3), are ultra-rare diseases and do not belong to RASopathies. Symptomatology, diagnostic and therapeutic requirements as well as complications of NF course are so different from those observed in other RASopathies and phacomatoses, that neurofibromatoses should constitute a separate classification group with distinct program of care. The crucial argument behind this thesis is that NFs are primary neoplasia syndromes, as benign tumors arise in all patients lifelong and a risk of malignancy significantly exceed populational risk in NF patients. Primary diagnostic problems, especially in small children with multiple cafè-au-lait spots required differentiation among almost 80 clinical entities, divers tumors and potential malignancies, varied multiorgan oncological and non-oncological complications of disease course, warrant not only complex multi-specialty consultations and comprehensive supervision, but the coordinated medical care in general. Proofs confirming title’s thesis are the subject of this article.
Wybrane zagadnienia żywieniowe u dzieci poddawanych leczeniu onkologicznemu
Authors: Albrecht Katarzyna , Łaguna Paweł , Matysiak Michał
Published: April 2021

Proper nutrition is extremely important for the proper development and growth of every child. Observance and application of the principles of proper nutrition of children and adolescents reduces the risk of obesity and malnutrition, and according to the current state of knowledge, reduces the risk of developing civilization diseases. The application of correct nutrition recommendations even in healthy children is in practice very difficult, and it becomes even more difficult when it is our task to ensure adequate nutrition for children during oncological treatment. During oncological treatment, providing adequate nutrition is one of the priority tasks, because it is able to improve the general condition of the child, ensure better tolerance of treatment, reduce the severity of side effects of therapy, and improve its results.