bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of Dimethyl (2E,3E)‐2‐ [(Dimethylamino)methylene] ‐3‐(1‐methyl‐2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene)succinate with C‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Ursic Uros , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko
Published: July 2011

The transformations of imidazolidinedione derivatives (I) and (VIII) with dicarbonyl compounds like (II) and (IX) into pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine (V) and chromene (X) derivatives are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Antifungal Benzoheterocyclic Derivatives by Scaffold Hopping.
Authors: Sheng Chunquan , Che Xiaoying , Wang Wenya , Wang Shengzheng , Cao Yongbing , Yao Jianzhong , Miao Zhenyuan , Zhang Wannian
Published: July 2011

Based on a non‐azole CYP51 inhibitor as lead benzoheterocyclic derivatives, e.g. (V), (IX), and (XIV), are designed and synthesized mainly by classical ring closure reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carboxamides and Esters by Well‐Defined Cp*Ru Complexes Bearing a Protic Amine Ligand.
Authors: Ito Masato , Ootsuka Takashi , Watari Ryo , Shiibashi Akira , Himizu Akio , Ikariya Takao
Published: July 2011

A method for the straightforward hydrogenation of carboxamides and esters to primary alcohols is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Atom Transfer Radical Addition to Olefins Mediated by Oxidative Quenching of Photoredox Catalysts.
Authors: Nguyen John D. , Tucker Joseph W. , Konieczynska Marlena D. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: July 2011

The title protocol is characterized by excellent yields, mild conditions, low catalyst loading, and broad scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Boronic Acids Using a CF+3 Reagent.
Authors: Xu Jun , Luo Dong‐Fen , Xiao Bin , Liu Zhao‐Jing , Gong Tian‐Jun , Fu Yao , Liu Lei
Published: July 2011

The presented protocol is especially valuable due to the mild reaction conditions and the good tolerance towards various functional groups and traces of moisture.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of Functionalized 1‐Azabuta‐1,3‐dienes from Alkyl Isocyanides, Activated Acetylenes, and Pyridin‐2(1H)‐one or Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one.
Authors: Mohtat Bita , Djahaniani Hoorieh , Khorrami Roshanak , Mashayekhi Samira , Yavari Issa
Published: July 2011

The three‐component one‐pot reaction of pyridin‐2(1H)‐one or isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one (I), isocyanides (II), and activated acetylenes (III) yields 1‐azabuta‐1,3‐dienes of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Biobased Synthesis of Acrylonitrile from Glutamic Acid.
Authors: Le Notre Jerome , Scott Elinor L. , Franssen Maurice C. R. , Sanders Johan P. M.
Published: July 2011

Glutamic acid (I) is transformed into acrylonitrile (III) in a two‐step procedure involving an oxidative decarboxylation in water to 3‐cyanopropanoic acid (II) followed by a decarbonylation‐elimination reaction using a Pd‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Organotin‐oxomolybdate Coordination Polymer as Catalyst for Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Organic Carbonates.
Authors: Song Jinliang , Zhang Binbin , Wu Tainbin , Yang Guanying , Han Buxing
Published: July 2011

The reactivity of the alcohols (I) in the title reaction decreases with increasing steric hindrance at the reaction center.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Quaternary Centers by Reductive Cross‐Coupling: Shifting of Regioselectivity in a Subset of Allylic Alcohol Based Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Yang Dexi , Belardi Justin K. , Micalizio Glenn C.
Published: July 2011

The Ti‐mediated reductive cross‐coupling of anions of allylic alcohols with vinyl silanes and imines is investigated and the regioselectivity with respect to allylic substrate structures is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzylic Quaternary Difunctionalized Carbons Mediated by a Remote Sulfinyl Group.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Torrente Esther , Martin‐Castro Ana M.
Published: July 2011

In the presence of KN(Tms)2/18‐crown‐6, sulfoxides (I) undergo efficient and highly stereoselective acylation and alkoxycarbonylation to afford products like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Monocouplings of p‐Dibromobiphenyl and Substituted p‐Dibromo(penta‐p‐phenylenes).
Authors: Guillen Elena , Hierrezuelo Jesus , Martinez‐Mallorquin Rocio , Lopez‐Romero J. Manuel , Rico Rodrigo
Published: July 2011

Reaction conditions for the monoarylation reaction of dibromobiphenyl (I) with arylboronic acids and boronates are optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Cyclization of 2‐Alkenyl‐1,3‐dithiolanes: Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans‐Decalins.
Authors: Goncalves Sylvie , Santoro Stefano , Nicolas Marc , Wagner Alain , Maillos Philippe , Himo Fahmi , Baati Rachid
Published: July 2011

Treatment of dithiolanes like (Ia), (III), (V), and (VII) with TmsOTf offers a new and highly stereoselective approach to trans‐decalin derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexaalkoxytriphenylenes Synthesized from Facile Solvent‐Free Oxidative Coupling Trimerization.
Authors: Bai Weibin , Lin Jinhuo
Published: July 2011

Optimum reaction conditions are examined for the oxidative solvent‐free trimerization of 1,2‐dialkoxybenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Phenylthiolation Reaction of Heteroaromatic Compounds Using α‐(Phenylthio)isobutyrophenone.
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Toriyama Fumihiko , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: July 2011

Detailed investigations reveal that the use of title compound (VII) under conditions A) is the best way to the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Sulfur Ylides Derived from Gleason‐Type Chiral Auxiliaries for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Epoxy Amides.
Authors: Sarabia Francisco , Vivar‐Garcia Carlos , Garcia‐Castro Miguel , Martin‐Ortiz Jorge
Published: July 2011

The epoxy amides can smoothly be converted into epoxy alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spirocyclic β‐Keto‐Lactams: Copper Catalyzed Process.
Authors: Xu Zhongxuan , Huang Kun , Liu Tong , Xie Mingjin , Zhang Hongbin
Published: July 2011

A variety of spirocyclic β‐ketolactams (II), (VIII), (X), and (XII) is prepared by a copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of corresponding ketoamides in the presence of diacetoxyiodobenzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Phenolic Oxidations to Construct ortho‐Spirolactone Structures Using Oxo‐Bridged Hypervalent Iodine(III) Compound.
Authors: Takenaga Naoko , Uchiyama Teruyoshi , Kato Daishi , Fujioka Hiromichi , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: July 2011

The oxidative, intramolecular ortho‐spirocyclization of naphthols, bearing a carboxylic acid moiety as internal nucleophile, is achieved by using a hypervalent iodine (III) compound.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Facile Synthesis of N‐Cyclohexyl‐benzofurans by One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Baghernejad Bita , Heravi Majid M. , Oskooie Hossein A. , Poormohammad Nargess , Khorshidi Maliheh , Beheshtiha Yahia Sh.
Published: July 2011

The reaction of 3,4‐(methylenedioxy)phenol (I) or 1‐naphthol (VII) with isocyanides and aromatic aldehydes proceeds under mild conditions and easy work‐up to afford the target products with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Nitropyrrolidines, Nitropyrrolizines and Nitropyrroles via Multicomponent‐Multistep Sequences within a Flow Reactor.
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Baxendale Ian R. , Kirschning Andreas , Ley Steven V. , Wegner Jens
Published: July 2011

Nitropyrrolidines (III) and nitropyrrolizines (VII) and (X) are formed via dipolar cycloaddition reactions by using a new flow chemistry process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐Indolylpyrroles via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Muenchnones and Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Lopchuk Justin M. , Gribble Gordon W.
Published: July 2011

2‐Nitrovinylindoles (I) react smoothly with symmetrical muenchnones, generated in situ, to afford the pyrrole products (III) in very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Indoles with 3‐Oxindoles.
Authors: Jessing Mikkel , Baran Phil S.
Published: July 2011

A mild and versatile oxidative coupling procedure for the union of 3‐oxindoles, bearing a carboxy group at C‐2, with pyrroles and indoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiinflammatory Activity and COX‐1/COX‐2 Inhibition of Novel Substituted Cyclic Imides. Part 1. Molecular Docking Study.
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Alaa A.‐M. , ElTahir Kamal E. H. , Asiri Yousif A.
Published: July 2011

Different cyclic imide derivatives are synthesized and screened for COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibition and anti‐inflammatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Serotonin Derivatives as Inhibitors of β‐Secretase (BACE1).
Authors: Takahashi T. , Miyazawa M.
Published: July 2011

All serotonin derivates (I) (8 examples) and bufobutanoic acid (II) inhibit β‐secretase (BACE 1) in a dose dependent manner.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methyl‐N‐phenyl‐5‐oxa‐1‐azaspiro[2.5]oct‐1‐en‐2‐amine — Synthesis and Reactions of a Synthon for an Unknown α‐Amino Acid.
Authors: Loepfe Michael , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: July 2011

Title compound (X) is synthesized starting from dihydropyrane (I) and shown to be a useful synthon for hitherto unknown 3‐aminotetrahydropyrane‐3‐carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Biheterocycles by a One‐Pot Sonogashira Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Deodhar Mandar , Black David StC. , Kumar Naresh
Published: July 2011

The synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical biflavonoids involves Sonogashira coupling of halogenated heterocycles with a protected alkyne, in situ removal of the protecting group and a subsequent further Sonogashira coupling with the same or different heterocycle without addition of an additional catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antimycobacterial Activities of Some New 4‐Aryl/Heteroaryl‐2,6‐dimethyl‐3,5‐bis‐N‐ (aryl)‐carbamoyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines.
Authors: Sirisha Kalam , Bikshapathi Darna , Achaiah Garlapati , Reddy Vanga Malla
Published: July 2011

Microwave‐assisted Hantzsch condensation leads to novel dihydropyridines (V) which are evaluated for their antimicrobial potency.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc(II) Chloride Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Some New 4‐Thiazolidinone Derivatives as Biologically Potent Agents.
Authors: Shah Pushpak M. , Patel Manish P.
Published: July 2011

Some of the new thiazolidinone derivatives (IV) (24 examples) show good antibacterial and/or antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Benzylic sp3 C—H Bond Adjacent to Nitrogen in Amines.
Authors: Mitsudera Hiromasa , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: July 2011

The reaction proceeds via DDQ‐oxidation of tetrahydroisoquinolines and subsequent nucleophilic addition of trifluoromethyl‐copper, generated in situ, to the intermediate dihydroquinoline salt.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of NH Isoquinolones with Olefins Catalyzed by Rh(III).
Authors: Wang Fen , Song Guoyong , Du Zhengyin , Li Xingwei
Published: July 2011

The reaction provides tetracyclic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of New 2‐Aryl‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazines.
Authors: Niewiadomy Andrzej , Matysiak Joanna , Karpinska Monika M.
Published: July 2011

The synthesized compounds (III) are tested for their antiproliferative activity against the human bladder cancer cells HCV29T with significant results for the compounds (IIIa)‐(IIIc) (R1: ‐Cl).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Multifunctional Oxazolo[5,4‐e][1,4]diazepine Skeleton.
Authors: Kolavi Gundurao , Im Isak , Kim Yong‐Chul , Ko Hyojin
Published: July 2011

A new multistep synthesis of the novel heterocyclodiazepine system (X) having potential for use in the construction of derivatives with diverse functional groups around the scaffold is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dibenz[b,f][1,5]oxazocine Derivatives for Agonist Activity at ϰ‐Opioid Receptor.
Authors: Mitra Sudipta , Banerjee Tuhin Suvro , Hota Sandip K. , Bhattacharya Debleena , Das Sumantra , Chattopadhyay Partha
Published: July 2011

A short synthetic route to title compounds (II) is developed using an optimized Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular cycloamination reaction as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: A Three‐Component Reaction Involving Isocyanide, Phosphine and Ketenimine Functionalities
Authors: Ruiz Javier , Gonzalo Marta P. , Vivanco Marilin , Diaz M. Rosario , Garcia‐Granda Santiago
Published: July 2011

leading to the formation of new five‐membered azaphosphaheterocycles
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary α‐Hydroxy Phosphonates.
Authors: Lee Hyun Joo , Kim Ji Hyeon , Kim Dae Young
Published: July 2011

A direct enantioselective aldol reaction of α‐keto phosphonates (I) with acetone (II) catalyzed by a bifunctional organocatalyst bearing both central and axial chiral elements is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Tetraphenyl(phenylamino) Methylene Bisphosphonates as Antioxidant Agents and as Potent Inhibitors of Osteoclasts in vitro.
Authors: Balakrishna A. , Reddy M. Veera Narayana , Rao P. Visweswara , Kumar M. Anil , Kumar B. Siva , Nayak S. K. , Reddy C. Suresh
Published: July 2011

An effective and simple access to novel bisphosphonates (IV) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of D‐Ring Moiety of Steroids — A Novel Palladium Catalyzed Baeyer—Villiger Type Rearrangement of Cyclic Silylenol Ether Derivatives.
Authors: Tamiya Minoru , Takada Futa , Isaka Nobuhisa , Iimura Nahoko , Ishiguro Masaji
Published: July 2011

Title reaction of cyclic silylenol ethers derived from dehydroepiandrosterone, e.g. (I), affords α,β‐unsaturated lactones like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Three Steroids with Unique Structural Feature of 5β‐Spirostan‐1β,3β,17α‐trihydroxyl from Reineckia carnea.
Authors: Zhang Zhong‐Quan , Chen Jian‐Chao , Yan Jian , Qiu Ming‐Hua
Published: July 2011

isolation and structural elucidation of a new spirostanol sapogenin and two spirostanol saponins, reineckiagenin A (Ia), reineckiagenoside A (Ib), and reineckiagenoside B (Ic), respectively
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid, Simple, and Efficient Deprotection of Benzyl/Benzylidene Protected Carbohydrates by Utilization of Flow Chemistry.
Authors: Ekholm Filip S. , Mandity Istvan M. , Fueloep Ferenc , Leino Reko
Published: July 2011

Both acid‐ and base‐sensitive functional groups are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Isoflavone Glycoside from the Stems of Tilia taquetii Schneider
Authors: Kang Yu Mi , Lee Nam Ho
Published: July 2011

isolation and structure determination of orobol 4′‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (I) along with four known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Benzo[a]acronycine and Benzo[b]acronycine Substituted on the A Ring.
Authors: Gaslonde Thomas , Covello Fabiola , Velazquez‐Alonso Laura , Leonce Stephane , Pierre Alain , Pfeiffer Bruno , Michel Sylvie , Tillequin Francois
Published: July 2011

Novel benzo[a]acronycine (VIII) and benzo[b]acronycine (IX) derivatives substituted in 10‐position are synthesized following a similar strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexamethyldisilazane‐Promoted Sonogashira Reaction of Polyfunctionalized N‐Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Inouye Masahiko , Doi Yasuhiro , Azuchi Junichi , Shirato Wataru , Chiba Junya , Abe Hajime
Published: July 2011

Sonogashira reaction of ethynyldeoxyribofuranoside (I) with halogenated pyridine or pyrimidine derivatives is improved by using hexamethyldisilazane/DMF mixed solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: [2,3] Wittig Rearrangement of β′‐Hydroxyethyl Bis‐Allylic Ethers: Highly Regiospecific Entry to Singly Dehydroxylated 19‐Nor‐1(or 3),25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Authors: Mikami Koichi , Fujita Kumiko , Wakabayashi Kazuki , Ito Shigekazu
Published: July 2011

The high yielding and regiospecific Wittig rearrangement takes place by virtue of the sterically demanding nature of potassium hydride/lithium amides.
ChemInform Abstract: De novo Asymmetric Approach to the Disaccharide Portion of SCH‐47554.
Authors: Yu Xiaomei , Li Miaosheng , O'Doherty George A.
Published: July 2011

The stereocontrolled synthesis of the amicetose/aculose disaccharide (VII) is achieved in six steps from acylfuran and involves two Luche and a diimide reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenalinolactones A—D, Terpenoglycoside Antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. Tue 6071.
Authors: Gebhardt Klaus , Meyer Sven W. , Schinko Jochen , Bringmann Gerhard , Zeeck Axel , Fiedler Hans‐Peter
Published: July 2011

The four new compounds, phenalinolactones A‐D, possess inhibitory activities against Gram‐positive bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Telomestatin Derivatives Containing Methyl Oxazole and Their G‐Quadruplex Stabilizing Activities.
Authors: Majima Satoki , Tera Masayuki , Iida Keisuke , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: July 2011

The macrocyclic hexaoxazole skeleton (I), containing bis‐ and tetramethyl oxazoles, is synthesized as a novel G‐quadruplex ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Second Generation Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloalkenylation in Iridoid Lactone Synthesis: Total Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Onikulactone and (.+‐.)‐Mitsugashiwalactone.
Authors: Saeki Megumi , Toyota Masahiro
Published: July 2011

The type‐II iridoid lactones onikulactone (VI) and mitsugashiwalactone (VII) are synthesized via a second generation palladium‐catalyzed cycloalkenylation reaction as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Bireticulol, a Bioactive Isocoumarin Dimer from Streptomyces sp. BCC24731.
Authors: Boonlarppradab Chollaratt , Suriyachadkun Chanwit , Suphothina Sumalee , Tobwor Punsa
Published: July 2011

Bireticulol (I), a new dimeric isocoumarin, exhibits cytotoxic effects against KB and NCI‐H187 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Semimetal/Semiconductor Nanocomposites for Thermoelectrics
Authors: Lu Hong , Burke Peter G. , Gossard Arthur C. , Zeng Gehong , Ramu Ashok T. , Bahk Je‐Hyeong , Bowers John E.
Published: July 2011

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ce—Mg (Cerium—Magnesium)
Authors: Okamoto H.
Published: July 2011

Review: phase equilibria; 6 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Er (Aluminum—Erbium)
Authors: Okamoto H.
Published: July 2011

Review: phase equilibria; 6 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Al—Cu—Mo (Aluminum—Copper—Molybdenum)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: July 2011

Review: phase equilibria; 5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Vapor Synthesis (CVS) of Inorganic Nanopowders
Authors: Sohn H. Y. , Ryu Taegong
Published: July 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Frontier of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry — Designed Synthesis ‐ Inorganic Crystalline Porous Materials
Authors: Yu Jihong
Published: July 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Coordinatively Unsaturated Iron Complexes Towards Carbon Monoxide: to Bind or Not to Bind?
Authors: Benito‐Garagorri David , Lagoja Irene , Veiros Luis F. , Kirchner Karl A.
Published: July 2011

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Linking Organic and Polyoxometalate Chemistries
Authors: Thorimbert Serge , Hasenknopf Bernold , Lacote Emmanuel
Published: July 2011

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Chemistry of Cluster Compounds
Authors: Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: July 2011

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wasserscheid Peter
Published: July 2011

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water as a Green Solvent for Bulk Chemicals
Authors: Joo Ferenc , Katho Agnes
Published: July 2011

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′,5,5′‐Tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐3,3′‐bithiophene — A Very Efficient Chiral Ligand for Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation on a Multikilogram Scale
Authors: Piccolo Oreste
Published: July 2011

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Scale‐up Studies in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Blacker A. John , Thompson Peter
Published: July 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Eliminating Barriers in Large‐Scale Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Shimizu Hideo , Sayo Noboru , Saito Takao
Published: July 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrogenation: Applications in Process R&D of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Puntener Kurt , Scalone Michelangelo
Published: July 2011

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyimides Containing Nitrile Groups and Nanocomposites Based on Them
Authors: Hamciuc Elena , Hamciuc Corneliu , Bacosca Irina
Published: July 2011

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of the First in Class Drug for Intractable Itch, Nalfurafine Hydrochloride
Authors: Nagase Hiroshi , Kawamura Kuniaki , Kawai Koji , Hayakawa Jun
Published: July 2011

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development of Late Transition Metal Catalysts for Polymerization of Substituted Acetylenes
Authors: Shiotsuki Masashi , Onishi Naoya , Sanda Fumio
Published: July 2011

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions
Authors: Thirumalaikumar Muniappan
Published: July 2011

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron—Phonon Interactions in the Negatively and Positively Charged Annulenes: Fundamental Aspects
Authors: Kato Takashi , Yamabe Tokio
Published: July 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics: A Comparative Critical Review with Relevant Agricultural Residue Case Studies
Authors: White John E. , Catallo W. James , Legendre Benjamin L.
Published: July 2011

Review: 412 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Labeling of 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA
Authors: Hoebartner Claudia
Published: July 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ginsenosides from American Ginseng: Chemical and Pharmacological Diversity
Authors: Qi Lian‐Wen , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Yuan Chun‐Su
Published: July 2011

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices
Authors: De Souza F. L. , Leite E. R.
Published: July 2011

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studying Protein—Protein Interactions Using Peptide Arrays
Authors: Katz Chen , Levy‐Beladev Liron , Rotem‐Bamberger Shahar , Rito Tiago , Ruediger Stefan G. D. , Friedler Assaf
Published: July 2011

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemosensors for Detection of Nucleotides, FAD, and BADH: Highlighted Research During 2004—2010
Authors: Zhou Ying , Xu Zhaochao , Yoon Juyoung
Published: July 2011

Review: 70 refs.
Safety Devices and Disposal Systems for Multipurpose Plants. Part 2 – Disposal Systems
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen
Published: July 2011

Für die Produktion von Feinchemikalien und in der pharmazeutischen Industrie werden überwiegend Mehrzweckanlagen eingesetzt. Charakteristisch sind viele Rezepturen und zahlreiche, zum Teil sehr unterschiedliche Prozesse. Die verfahrenstechnische Herausforderung besteht oft darin, ein bestimmtes Verfahren an eine gegebene Anlage anzupassen. Mit einer systematischen Risikoanalyse werden mögliche Gefahren und die Auslegungsszenarien identifiziert. Das Schutzkonzept der Anlage soll dabei nicht geändert werden. Sicherheits‐ und Rückhalteeinrichtungen müssen sorgfältig aufeinander abgestimmt sein und dürfen weder zu klein noch unzulässig groß bemessen sein. Nachgeschaltete Abscheider oder Tauchungen werden dadurch häufig erheblich überdimensioniert. Dies führt zu erheblichen Mehrkosten und es besteht die Gefahr, dass die Einrichtungen nicht mehr spezifikationsgerecht funktionieren. Die Auslegung von Rückhalteeinrichtungen nach dem Stand der Technik wird dargestellt.
Heterogeneous Condensation of Water Vapor in Membrane Modules
Authors: Niklas Jens , Ripperger Siegfried
Published: July 2011

Die heterogene Kondensation von Wasserdampf an submikronen Partikeln kann gezielt zur Verbesserung der Trägheitsabscheidung ausgenutzt werden. Durch Vergrößerung der Partikelmasse infolge der Wasserdampfkondensation lassen sich anschließend auch feinste Partikeln durch Trägheitseffekte abscheiden. Zum Erzeugen der zur Kondensation notwendigen kritischen Übersättigung wird ein neues membranbasiertes Verfahren vorgestellt. Die Kondensation an den Partikeln wird dabei mit einem optischen Inline‐Partikelzähler detektiert.
Impedance Spectroscopic Studies of (Model)‐Pore Solutions of Building Materials
Authors: Bakhramov Oybek , Kaps Christian
Published: July 2011

Es wurden impedanzspektroskopische Messungen durchgeführt und elektrische Eigenschaften aus dem Impedanzspektrum abgeleitet, um eine Differenzierung zwischen dem Wasser‐ und Salzgehalt zu ermöglichen. Für impedanzspektroskopische Untersuchungen in elektrischen Nieder‐ und Mittelfrequenzbereichen (100 Hz – 15 MHz) wurden elektrische Messbedingungen ermittelt, unter denen eine Diagnostik des Feuchte‐ und Salzgehalts möglich ist. Bisher wurde in der Literatur dieser Frequenzbereich für eine derartige Analyse als ungeeignet angesehen.
Treatment of Biomass with Supercritical Water
Authors: Kruse Andrea
Published: July 2011

Die Biomasse‐Konversion in überkritischem Wasser ist ein vielversprechendes Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff – neben Kohlendioxid und geringen Mengen Methan. Aufgrund der besonderen Eigenschaften des überkritischen Wassers wird die Biomasse schnell abgebaut und die unerwünschte Polymerisation zu Teer und Koks unterdrückt. Beide Effekte sind Ursachen dafür, dass die Vergasung schon bei 600 – 700 °C, also bei deutlich geringeren Temperaturen als die Vergasung von trockener Biomasse, durchgeführt werden kann.
Initiatives and Policy Measures for Bio‐Based Products in Germany
Authors: Wydra Sven
Published: July 2011

Bislang können biobasierte Produkte ihr Marktpotenzial nicht voll ausschöpfen. Mehrere Initiativen und Gremien haben Vorschläge zur Beseitigung der Hemmnisse erarbeitet. Demgegenüber stehen bereits eine von Vielzahl von aktuellen Maßnahmen für biobasierte Produkte in Deutschland, die vorrangig FuE‐Aktivitäten adressieren. Für Kommerzialisierungsaktivitäten existieren einige passfähige Programme, aber es werden nicht alle Hemmnisse abgedeckt. Eine breite Förderung zur Markteinführung/‐durchdringung von biobasierten Produkten findet in Deutschland wie auch in anderen Ländern nicht statt.
Optimum processing gain for a hybrid direct sequence/slow frequency hopping code division multiple access cellular system over Rayleigh fading channels: the direct sequence/slow frequency hopping code division multiple access case
Authors: Varzakas P.
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the optimum value of the processing gain of a hybrid direct sequence/slow frequency hopping code division multiple access cellular system, when operating in a Rayleigh fading environment, is examined. The optimization is based on the maximization of the average spectral efficiency achieved, expressed in bits per second per Hertz, which is estimated in terms of the achievable average channel capacity (in the Shannon–Hartley theorem sense) per user during the operation over a broadcast cellular time‐varying link. The analysis leads to a simple theoretical novel closed‐form expression for the optimal processing gain that is related with the system's parameters but becomes independent of hopping frequencies assigned to each system's cell. Finally, the expression derived can be useful for the practical design of a direct sequence/slow frequency hopping code division multiple access cellular system and for an initial quantitative analysis. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the presented analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biophysics of substrate interaction: Influence on neural motility, differentiation, and repair
Authors: Moore Simon W. , Sheetz Michael P.
Published: July 2011

The identity and behavior of a cell is shaped by the molecular and mechanical composition of its surroundings. Molecular cues have firmly established roles in guiding both neuronal fate decisions and the migration of cells and axons. However, there is growing evidence that topographical and rigidity cues in the extracellular environment act synergistically with these molecular cues. Like chemical cues, physical factors do not elicit a fixed response, but rather one that depends on the sensory makeup of the cell. Moreover, from developmental studies and the plasticity of neural tissue, it is evident that there is dynamic feedback between physical and chemical factors to produce the final morphology. Here, we focus on our current understanding of how these physical cues shape cellular differentiation and migration, and discuss their relevance to repairing the injured nervous system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1090‐1101, 2011
Conversion of L‐Cysteine into D‐α‐Amino Acids and Related Transformations
Authors: Duthaler Rudolf O. , Wyss Bernhard
Published: July 2011

Naturally configured cysteine is converted into 4‐substituted thiazolidines via the 4‐carbaldehyde corresponding to the serine derived Garner's aldehyde. The key transformation is the conversion into 5‐thiazolidinones by 1O2 oxidation, and fragmentation of the primary 5‐hydroperoxides under in situ acetylating conditions. Whereas the reagent couple trimethylsilyl halides/phenol selectively cleaves the N‐Boc group, LiOH/H2O2 transforms the thiol lactones into lactones by an unknown mechanism, and, subsequently, also cleaves the acetonide affording N‐Boc‐protected D‐amino acids without loss of optical activity. This sequence tolerates unsaturated residues with sensitive allylic functions. In some cases, double bond isomerization is, however, observed. Thethiazolidine intermediates can be cleaved with 3‐nitro‐2‐pyridinesulfenyl chloride, giving reactive mixed disulfides.
Efficient and Versatile Modification of the Secondary Face of Cyclodextrins through Copper‐Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Ward Sandra , Ling Chang‐Chun
Published: July 2011

The perfunctionalization of the secondary face of cyclodextrins (CDs) is a challenging task that often results in poor yields. Here, we report that the use of copper‐catalyzedHuisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition is an efficient and versatile strategy that provides perfunctionalized CDs at the secondary face with good to high yields. A variety of functional groups, such as alkyl, alkenyl, ester, carboxylic acid, amide, and alcohol, have been successfully incorporated on the secondary face of β‐CD from the same starting material. These functionalized CD derivatives could be used as building blocks for further structural modification or as hosts for different applications.
Runoff generation and sediment yield on homogeneous dune slopes: scale effect and implications for analysis
Authors: Kidron Giora J.
Published: July 2011

Data concerning runoff and sediment yield in arid zones is of prime importance for hydrologists, geomorphologists, pedologists, ecologists and landscape engineers. For data comparison and extrapolations, runoff and sediment yield are often presented in mass per unit area. Runoff and sediment yield collected on dune slopes over a wide range of plot sizes during 1990–1994 in the Negev Desert, Israel, showed that the contributing area was mainly confined to a narrow belt at the bottom of the slopes. It was therefore hypothesized that the very short rain bursts, capable of runoff generation, may result in a scale effect (SE). Indeed, average duration of duration of consecutive medium and high rain intensities which are potentially above the surface infiltration rate ranged between 2.2 and 3.0 minutes, implying that flow connectivity is largely limited. Based on the intermittent character of the rain spells capable of runoff generation it is argued that SE is an inherent outcome of the rain properties. Yet, it is further argued that the magnitude of the SE is surface‐dependent. As a result, it is argued that the conventional way for runoff and sediment yield presentation as mass per unit area implies theoretical misconceptions and may cause gross overestimation in extrapolation and the presentation of runoff and sediment yield in mass per unit width of the slope is suggested. The accuracy of the two extrapolation methods are compared to the actual runoff and sediment yield collected in the field. The data show that extrapolation based on runoff (or sediment) yield per plot width deviates from the actual amounts collected by a factor of 1·1 to 1·3 only while deviating by a factor of 4·2 to 5·6 and 10·7 to 11·8 if the extrapolation is based on large and small plots, respectively. Theoretical and practical reasons for presentation of runoff and sediment yield as mass per unit width are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The legacy of initial conditions in landscape evolution
Authors: Taylor Perron J. , Fagherazzi Sergio
Published: July 2011

Landscapes subject to constant forcing tend to evolve toward equilibrium states in which individual landforms have similar characteristics. Yet, even in landscapes at or near equilibrium, there can be significant variability among individual landforms. Furthermore, sites subject to similar processes and conditions can have different mean landform characteristics. This variability is often ascribed to on‐going transient evolution, or to heterogeneity in processes, material properties, forcing, or boundary conditions. Three surprising outcomes of landform evolution models suggest, however, that such variability could arise in equilibrium landscapes without any heterogeneity in the physical processes shaping the topography. First, homogeneous systems subjected to constant forcing can generate a heterogeneous distribution of equilibrium landforms. Second, even simple non‐linear systems can have multiple stable equilibrium states. Third, evolving landscapes can exhibit path dependence and hysteresis. We show how these three mechanisms can produce variability in landforms that arises from the characteristics of the initial topographic surface rather than from heterogeneity in geomorphic processes. Numerical experiments on the formation of low‐order fluvial valleys and transportational cyclic steps in erodible streambeds illustrate why it is important to consider the influence of initial conditions when comparing models with natural topography, estimating the uncertainty of model predictions, and studying how landscapes respond to disturbances. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hand shape selection in pantomimed grasping: Interaction between the dorsal and the ventral visual streams and convergence on the ventral premotor area
Authors: Makuuchi Michiru , Someya Yoshiaki , Ogawa Seiji , Takayama Yoshihiro
Published: July 2011

In visually guided grasping, possible hand shapes are computed from the geometrical features of the object, while prior knowledge about the object and the goal of the action influence both the computation and the selection of the hand shape. We investigated the system dynamics of the human brain for the pantomiming of grasping with two aspects accentuated. One is object recognition, with the use of objects for daily use. The subjects mimed grasping movements appropriate for an object presented in a photograph either by precision or power grip. The other is the selection of grip hand shape. We manipulated the selection demands for the grip hand shape by having the subjects use the same or different grip type in the second presentation of the identical object. Effective connectivity analysis revealed that the increased selection demands enhance the interaction between the anterior intraparietal sulcus (AIP) and posterior inferior temporal gyrus (pITG), and drive the converging causal influences from the AIP, pITG, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the ventral premotor area (PMv). These results suggest that the dorsal and ventral visual areas interact in the pantomiming of grasping, while the PMv integrates the neural information of different regions to select the hand posture. The present study proposes system dynamics in visually guided movement toward meaningful objects, but further research is needed to examine if the same dynamics is found also in real grasping. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Reconstruction of the jejunoesophageal anastomosis with a circular mechanical stapler in total laryngopharyngectomy defects
Authors: Schneider Daniel S. , Gross Neil D. , Sheppard Brett C. , Wax Mark K.
Published: July 2011

Background

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the technical feasibility and potential benefits of using a circular mechanical stapler with free jejunal transfer for jejunoesophageal anastomosis in total laryngopharyngectomy reconstruction while comparing the rates of fistula and stricture.

Methods

This study was a retrospective review of 12 free jejunal flaps completed with circular mechanical stapler for the jejunoesophageal anastomosis with comparison to 17 jejunal free flaps where all anastomoses were hand sewn.

Results

In all, 29 patients underwent free jejunal transfer: 12 had jejunal free flap with circular mechanical stapler for jejunoesophageal anastomosis, whereas 17 patients had hand‐sewn anastomosis. Corresponding rates of fistula and stricture were 0/12 fistulas and 3/12 strictures in the stapler cohort and 2/17 fistulas with 0/17 strictures in the hand‐sewn cohort. No statistically significant difference in rate of fistula was observed between each cohort, whereas a trend toward increased rate of stricture (p = .06) was observed in the stapled anastomosis cohort.

Conclusions

Use of circular mechanical stapler appears to be a safe and effective technique at the jejunoesophageal anastomosis for total laryngopharyngeal defects with comparable fistula and stricture rates to grafts that are hand sewn. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Improved survival with elective neck dissection in thick early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ebrahimi Ardalan , Ashford Bruce G. , Clark Jonathan R.
Published: July 2011

Background

Management of the node–negative neck in T1 to T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine if elective neck dissection improves outcomes in thick primary tumors since this reflects current practice in most institutions and has not been specifically addressed in the literature.

Methods

Retrospective analysis comparing elective neck dissection versus observation in 153 patients with T1 to T2 N0 oral SCC ≥4 mm thick.

Results

On multivariable analysis, elective neck dissection was a significant predictor of improved regional control (hazard ratio [HR], 0.1; p < .001), disease‐specific (HR, 0.1; p < .001), and overall survival (HR, 0.3; p = .001). Regional failure accounted for 22% of disease‐related deaths in the elective neck dissection group compared to 92% in the observation arm.

Conclusion

Elective neck dissection is associated with a clinically significant survival advantage in thick T1 to T2 oral SCC by reducing the risk of regional failure, and we support its routine application in these patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Functional capacity of the thyroid autograft and heterograft: An experimental study
Authors: Karaman Murat , Tuncel Arzu , Sheidaei Shahrouz , Karabulut Murat Hakan , Tatlıpınar Arzu
Published: July 2011

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the functional capacity of thyroid autografts/heterografts in a guinea pig model.

Methods

A total of 24 guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups. Group A had only a thyroidectomy incision, and group B had total thyroidectomy. We performed autotransplantation in group C and heterotransplantation in group D. We monitored the guinea pigs for an 8‐week period, with weekly measurements of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). At the final stage, the autografts/heterografts were histologically examined.

Results

In group B, fT3/fT4 showed a gradual decrease; however, an increase of TSH was noted. In groups C and D, fT3/fT4 showed a gradual decrease, followed by a gradual increase until euthyroid levels; an exact opposite was noted for TSH. In histologic examination, there were functional thyroid follicles in all animals of groups C and D.

Conclusions

The autotransplanted/heterotransplanted guinea pig's thyroid tissue provides adequate thyroid function. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
4‐ to 6‐week‐old adult‐born hippocampal neurons influence novelty‐evoked exploration and contextual fear conditioning
Authors: Denny Christine A. , Burghardt Nesha S. , Schachter Daniel M. , Hen René , Drew Michael R.
Published: July 2011

To explore the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in novelty processing, we assessed novel object recognition (NOR) in mice after neurogenesis was arrested using focal x‐irradiation of the hippocampus, or a reversible, genetic method in which glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive neural progenitor cells are ablated with ganciclovir. Arresting neurogenesis did not alter general activity or object investigation during four exposures with two constant objects. However, when a novel object replaced a constant object, mice with neurogenesis arrested by either ablation method showed increased exploration of the novel object when compared with control mice. The increased novel object exploration did not manifest until 4–6 weeks after x‐irradiation or 6 weeks following a genetic ablation, indicating that exploration of the novel object is increased specifically by the elimination of 4‐ to 6‐week‐old adult born neurons. The increased novel object exploration was also observed in older mice, which exhibited a marked reduction in neurogenesis relative to young mice. Mice with neurogenesis arrested by either ablation method were also impaired in one‐trial contextual fear conditioning (CFC) at 6 weeks but not at 4 weeks following ablation, further supporting the idea that 4‐ to 6‐week‐old adult born neurons are necessary for specific forms of hippocampal‐dependent learning, and suggesting that the NOR and CFC effects have a common underlying mechanism. These data suggest that the transient enhancement of plasticity observed in young adult‐born neurons contributes to cognitive functions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Type 1 diabetes—not all in the genes
Authors: Leslie David
Published: July 2011

The incidence of autoimmune diseases is appreciable and increasing. Type 1 diabetes is one such disease, and is, in part, determined genetically, involving many genes (up to 40 at the last count), but they alone cannot account for the frequency of the disease, indicating that non‐genetic factors are important [Leslie et al., 2004; Weets et al., 2002]. The character of such non‐genetic factors is important to understand since the prevention or modulation of such factors provides a more likely source of a cure for type 1 diabetes. Non‐genetic factors play a major role in causing type 1 diabetes as shown by studies of twins, populations that have migrated, and populations with changing disease incidence [Hermann et al., 2003; Weets et al., 2002]. Disproportionate maternal influences on disease‐risk suggest that critical disease‐inducing environmental events operate very early in life, even in utero [Leslie et al., 2004]. Firm evidence for a role of viral infections in the etiology of type 1 diabetes comes from a recent demonstration that four rare variants of interferon‐producing genes are each associated with a 50% reduction in type 1 diabetes risk [Nejentsev et al., 2009]. Early infant diet affects type 1 diabetes development, while exposure to westernized heat‐processed food could be relevant given the close relationship between disease incidence and the gross national product of European countries [Leslie et al., 2004]. Epigenetic regulation could mediate environmental influences and is a candidate for that elusive “missing heritability” in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes, e.g. in peripheral blood monocyte activation [Beyan et al., 2010]. In summary, epidemiological evidence favors the induction of childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes by an environmental event, possibly a virus or a dietary factor, or both, operating over a finite period in early childhood. J. Med. Virol. 83:1670–1670, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus genotype F complete genome sequences from Chilean patients with chronic infection
Authors: Venegas Mauricio , Alvarado‐Mora Mónica V. , Villanueva Rodrigo A. , Rebello Pinho João R. , Carrilho Flair J. , Locarnini Stephen , Yuen Lilly , Brahm Javier
Published: July 2011

Molecular epidemiological data concerning the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Chile are not known completely. Since the HBV genotype F is the most prevalent in the country, the goal of this study was to obtain full HBV genome sequences from patients infected chronically in order to determine their subgenotypes and the occurrence of resistance‐associated mutations. Twenty‐one serum samples from antiviral drug‐naive patients with chronic hepatitis B were subjected to full‐length PCR amplification, and both strands of the whole genomes were fully sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses were performed along with reference sequences available from GenBank (n = 290). The sequences were aligned using Clustal X and edited in the SE‐AL software. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were conducted by Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations (MCMC) for 10 million generations in order to obtain the substitution tree using BEAST. The sequences were also analyzed for the presence of primary drug resistance mutations using CodonCode Aligner Software. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that all sequences were found to be the HBV subgenotype F1b, clustered into four different groups, suggesting that diverse lineages of this subgenotype may be circulating within this population of Chilean patients. J. Med. Virol. 83:1530–1536, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and clinical effects of betamethasone in human t‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐i‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients
Authors: Alberti Carolina , Cartier Luis , Valenzuela María A. , Puente Javier , Tanaka Yuetsu , Ramirez Eugenio
Published: July 2011

There is no effective therapy for human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I)‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Glucocorticoids are effective to reduce the motor disability in these patients, but its role as anti‐spastic drugs is unknown. Here it is reported the use of corticosteroids in HAM/TSP. The goal was to find reliable molecular markers linked to treatment effectiveness. The clinical efficacy of corticosteroids was studied in 22 HAM/TSP. The treatment was a single dose of 7.0 mg of systemic betamethasone. Pre‐treatment samples were obtained immediately before steroid administration and post‐treatment samples were collected after 5 days. Neurological disability was evaluated by the Osame's Motor Disability Scales. Relative levels of Tax, Foxp3, IL‐10, TGF‐β, CTLA‐4, and GITR mRNA were measured and the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ and CD4+Tax+ populations was quantified in PBMCs by real‐time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. The same parameters were studied in eight untreated carriers. Betamethasone treatment showed neurological improvement in 21 HAM/TSP patients, with one patient without response to treatment. This therapy was associated with a decrease in Tax mRNA load and CD4+Tax+ T cells in HAM/TSP. Simultaneously, an increase in Foxp3 mRNA and CD4+Foxp3+ T cell was detected in these patients. The other markers studied had no significant changes after treatment. Clinical improvement in betamethasone‐treated HAM/TSP was associated with an inverse relationship between a decrease in Tax and an increase in Foxp3 at the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that both Tax and Foxp3 may represent potential biomarkers for drug treatment assessments in HAM/TSP. J. Med. Virol. 83:1641–1649, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.