bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Through the looking glass: envisioning new library technologies” A glimpse into the future of augmented reality
Authors: Fernandez Peter
Published: November 2024

Purpose

By better understanding the trends around augmented reality (AR) information professionals will be better able to take an active role as it emerges.

Design/methodology/approach

This column will examine trends in AR through the lens of three products that have recently been presented to journalists by Snap, Meta and Apple.

Findings

This column highlights the technical hurdles to creating mainstream AR experiences, and underscores how large technology companies are invested in overcoming them due to larger strategic goals, such as escaping the closed ecosystem of app development and creating meaningful AI experiences on phones.

Originality/value

This column underscores the importance of AR, as a technology that is core to libraries mission. AR will enable digital information to be layered onto physical reality which can change human relationship to both abstract information as well as the physical objects such as books and libraries that are important to the profession.
Impact of fruit powders incorporation on probiotic viability and sensory properties of yogurt
Authors: Cao Yukun , Fang Yuanxin , Hekmat Sharareh
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the viability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) when combined with four prebiotic-rich fruit powders – apple, papaya, mango, and red beetroot – in probiotic yogurt. Additionally, the study aims to assess customer acceptability of the yogurt fortified with these fruit powders through a sensory evaluation using a nine-point hedonic scale.

Design/methodology/approach

The yogurt samples, inoculated with the LGR-1 probiotic strain, underwent fermentation at 38 °C for 0, 2, 4 and 6 h. Following fermentation, the samples were stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C for 1, 15 and 30 days. Throughout the study, microbial counts and pH level measurements were performed to assess the viability of LGR-1. A sensory evaluation consisted of 89 participants. A nine-point hedonic scale, ranging from 1 (dislike extremely) to 9 (like extremely), along with a questionnaire were used to assess criteria such as appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of the samples.

Findings

All treatments at all time points maintained a minimum viable microbial count of 107 CFU/mL (colony-forming units per mL), which indicated that the addition of fruit powders supported the growth and survival of LGR-1 in yogurt. Treatment 5, fortified with papaya powder, was the only group that exhibited a significant change of microbial count after 30 days of fermentation (p = 0.018). Although there were no statistically significant differences in pH values at the 0- and 2-h time points within each treatment, the pH remained relatively stable after day 15, with an average mean pH of 4.29. Treatment 2 fortified with mango powder obtained the highest overall acceptability score because of its smooth and firm texture as well as mild mango-sweet flavor.

Originality/value

This study explored the viability of probiotics and the sensory properties of yogurt fortified with various fruit powders, while also examining the potential prebiotic effects of fruit powders in enhancing overall sensory appeal. The findings suggested that papain may play a role in increasing probiotic viability in yogurt. Given the inconvenience and inaccessibility of fresh fruits and the generally inadequate prebiotic intake, this research addressed the gap in prebiotic consumption by offering novel ideas for health-enhancing dairy products.
Unravelling the knowledge matrix: exploring knowledge-sharing behaviours on market-based platforms using regression tree analysis
Authors: Shi Yingnan , Ma Chao
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of knowledge markets and overall knowledge management (KM) practices within organisations. By addressing the challenge of internal knowledge stickiness, it seeks to demonstrate how machine learning and AI approaches, specifically a text-based AI method for personality assessment and regression trees for behavioural analysis, can automate and personalise knowledge market incentivisation mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach

The research employs a novel approach by integrating machine learning methodologies to overcome the limitations of traditional statistical methods. A natural language processing (NLP)-based AI tool is used to assess employees’ personalities, and regression tree analysis is applied to predict and categorise behavioural patterns in knowledge-sharing contexts. This approach is designed to capture the complex interplay between individual personality traits and environmental factors, which traditional methods often fail to adequately address.

Findings

Cognitive style was confirmed as a key predictor of knowledge-sharing, with extrinsic motivators outweighing intrinsic ones in market-based platforms. These findings underscore the significance of diverse combinations of environmental and individual factors in promoting knowledge sharing, offering key insights that can inform the automatic design of personalised interventions for community managers of such platforms.

Originality/value

This research stands out as it is the first to empirically explore the interaction between the individual and the environment in shaping actual knowledge-sharing behaviours, using advanced methodologies. The increased automation in the process extends the practical contribution of this study, enabling a more efficient, automated assessment process, and thus making critical theoretical and practical advancements in understanding and enhancing knowledge-sharing behaviours.
Mechanical and surface characterisation of additively manufactured polyetheretherketone for the tribo test
Authors: Prajapati Sunil Kumar , R. Gnanamoorthy
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The additive manufacturing process, such as fused filament fabrication based on material extrusion, fabricates the samples layer-by-layer. The various parameters in the process significantly affect the dimensions, structure and mechanical properties of the fabricated parts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the surface and mechanical properties that can affect the contact characteristics with other materials during tribological tests.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation of 3D-printed Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) includes the measurement of dimensions, microhardness, surface roughness, surface energy and tensile strength to define material characteristics. The crystallinity is measured using an X-ray diffractometer to understand the hardness behaviour.

Findings

The printing parameters affect its surface roughness, hardness and crystallinity. This change in parameters such as layer thickness and infill density impacts mechanical properties such as hardness and surface roughness, which will influence the contact mechanism with the counter body during any tribological test. The change in a single parameter during the sample fabrication and the change in the surface and mechanical properties are observed.

Research limitations/implications

The material cost plays an important role in conducting numerous destructive tests, which is a major limitation to conducting parameter optimisation by varying more parameters. The study is limited to the as-fabricated samples rather than finished samples and without any heat treatment. Achieving optimal parameters is integral to the success of additive manufacturing, ensuring the production of components with consistent performance.

Practical implications

The study aims at the application of 3D-printed PEEK for bush or journal bearings that can be directly used in practice. The mechanical properties discussed in this paper can fill the gap between theory and practice.

Social implications

The research provides all fundamental properties, including the printing parameters and their effect on the dimensions and surface structure, which are required to understand the material and its use. The results are consistent as at least four samples were tested for tribological behaviour. The conclusion is updated as per suggestions.

Originality/value

The study outlines the relationship between the change in layer thickness and infill density with changes in surface energy, surface roughness, hardness and tensile strength. The deformation and adhesion during the friction test depend on these properties.
Photoelectric sensor array-based measurement method for the key motion parameters of the small flying object considering non-uniform curve trajectory
Authors: Wang Jia , Sun Haiyang , Chen Ding , Huang Yongjun , Dong Tao , Li Hai , Shen Lingnan , Yang Ziyu
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to accurately measure the key motion parameters, such as velocity, azimuth and pitch angle, of the small flying object with a non-uniform curve trajectory. It proposes a measurement method and its calculation model of non-uniform curve trajectory using a photoelectric sensor array.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the basic composition of the measurement system and mechanism of photoelectric sensor array are described, respectively. Second, a non-uniform curve mathematical measurement model is constructed differently from the traditional linear trajectory, taking into account the influence of gravity and air resistance. Third, the measurement error of the system is analyzed through numerical simulation. Finally, the accuracy and feasibility of the approach are verified by live-ammunition experiments.

Findings

The results show that the systematic error of the hitting point coordinates can be reduced by 9% compared to the traditional linear measurement model. Consequently, this method can meet the higher measurement requirement for the key motion parameters of the small flying object under the non-uniform curve trajectory. Research limitations/implications (if applicable)- although the approach itself is generalizable, the method is unable to detect the motion parameters of multiple small flying objects.

Research limitations/implications

Although the approach itself is generalizable, the method is unable to detect the motion parameters of the multiple small flying objects.

Practical implications

It is evident that the proposed non-uniform curve measurement model is more precise in quantifying the essential characteristics of the small flying object, particularly in consideration of the environmental conditions.

Social implications

The precise measurement of the key motion parameters of the small flying object can facilitate the enhancement of the protective performance of protective materials.

Originality/value

A novel approach to measurement is proposed, which differs from the conventional uniform trajectory model. To this end, the space construction of the photoelectric sensor array is optimized. The number of the sensors is revised.
Sustainability in European luxury tourism companies: an analysis of practices and managerial perspectives
Authors: Romagosa Francesc , Dot Esteve , Mlakar Anja , Gorenak Mitja
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to present findings from a preliminary study aimed at investigating sustainability practices and managerial perceptions within European luxury tourism companies. The study addressed two key research questions: What is the present state of sustainability practices in the luxury tourism sector? What are the managers' perspectives and the prevailing trends in the adoption of sustainable approaches?

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a mixed methods approach to gather data from a diverse range of European luxury tourism companies. The survey and the interview of companies’ representatives encompassed various organisational types engaged in different tourism activities, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of sustainability practices within the sector. Organisational characteristics, such as size, turnover and location, were considered to ensure a representative sample.

Findings

The findings of the study reveal a robust commitment to environmental, social and economic sustainability across the luxury tourism industry. Despite variations in organisational characteristics, including size, turnover and location, the study identified a lack of significant differences in sustainability practices, indicating a noteworthy homogeneity within the sector. The findings also show that a high percentage of companies hold sustainability certifications and share an emphasis on authenticity, local engagement and economic profitability.

Research limitations/implications

The study's sample size may limit the generalisability of the findings. A larger sample size would enhance the study's robustness and allow for more comprehensive insights into sustainability practices within the luxury tourism sector. The study's focus on European luxury tourism companies may limit its applicability to other regions or contexts.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into sustainability practices and managerial perspectives within the European luxury tourism sector. The study offers original insights into the current state of sustainability in luxury tourism and highlights opportunities for further research and refinement of sustainability initiatives within the sector.
Experimental investigations of the impact of third-generation biodiesel and its blends on diesel fuel filter
Authors: Chib Aaryan , Dugala Navdeep Sharma
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Biodiesel in engines can reduce net carbon dioxide emissions and boost renewable energy. Despite the benefits of biodiesel engines, little is known about their effects on fuel filters. Filterability hinders the broad use of sustainable biodiesel, as filter clogging and deterioration can lead to engine damage and further hinder the widespread adoption of biodiesel. This study aims to investigate algae biodiesel (Chlorophyta) and diesel fuel filtration and filter deterioration to fill this gap.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigates the effects of different biodiesel blends on diesel fuel filter parameters, namely, filter blocking tendency (FBT), tensile strength of filter medium upon immersion and other physiochemical properties. In total, 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel (B20) was chosen for its common use as a commercial blend, 40% biodiesel and 60% diesel (B40) for mid-level biodiesel content and 100% biodiesel (B100) for pure biodiesel testing. Testing these concentrations allowed us to determine the effect of increasing biodiesel content. B20 biodiesel emerges as the most suitable blend, providing the best balance of performance and durability with a low FBT (1.0) and a 6.9% increase in tensile strength over diesel. B40 and B100 had higher FBTs of 1.53 and 7.57, respectively, and lower tensile strength, resulting in increased filter clogging and material deterioration. SEM results demonstrated that B20-immersed filters had little structural changes as compared to B40 and B100; the colour darkened noticeably suggesting deposits, including sterol glucosides, indicating material deterioration and clogging.

Findings

The results from current study concluded that when compared to B40 and B100, the B20 biodiesel blend provides the best balance of performance and longevity, with less filter blockage, improved tensile strength and lower maintenance requirements. However, its performance in harsh settings, such as colder climes, high-pressure systems and engines requiring more power output, may require augmentation and more study. While higher blends may be more appropriate in some applications, B20 remains the most adaptable solution for a wide range of general operational situations.

Originality/value

The study concludes that the B20 biodiesel blend provides optimal performance, longevity and maintenance for compression ignition engines, exceeding other blends. While B40 and B100 may be appropriate in certain situations, B20 remains the most practical and versatile option, combining environmental benefits with engine compatibility, making it a superior alternative to standard diesel fuel.
Family therapy and systemic interventions for child‐focussed problems: The evidence base
Authors: Carr Alan
Published: November 2024

This 25th anniversary review updates previous similar papers published in JFT in 2000, 2009, 2014 and 2019. It presents evidence from meta‐analyses and systematic reviews for the effectiveness of systemic interventions for families of young people with common mental and physical health problems and other difficulties where children are the primary focus of concern. In this context, systemic interventions include both family therapy and other family‐based approaches such as parent training, or parent‐implemented interventions. There is now a substantial evidence base supporting the effectiveness of systemic interventions either alone or as part of multimodal programmes for infant mental health and sleep and feeding problems in infancy; recovery from child abuse and neglect; externalising and internalising problems; eating disorders; somatic problems; and psychosis.
Commercial insurers' market power and hospital prices in Medicaid managed care
Authors: Wang Yang , Marr Jeffrey , Xu Jianhui , Meiselbach Mark Katz
Published: November 2024

Objective

To examine the relationship between insurers' commercial market power and negotiated prices in Medicaid Managed Care (MMC) plans for hospital care.

Data Sources

MMC prices from hospital‐disclosed price transparency data as of July 2023 compiled by Turquoise Health, insurance enrollment information from the 2021 Clarivate InterStudy enrollment data.

Study Design

Log‐transformed linear regression with hospital and procedure fixed effects estimating the within‐hospital MMC price variation as a function of insurers' commercial market share quartile and MMC market share for 15 common outpatient hospital services.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

A total of 39,049 MMC price samples measured at hospital‐procedure‐MMC insurer level are merged with county‐insurer level market share data.

Principal Findings

Around 25% of price variation in MMC plans are driven by within‐hospital factors. Compared with MMC insurers from the lowest commercial market share quartile (<0.8%), those from the highest commercial market share quartile (>17%) are associated with negotiating 4.6% (95% confidence interval: [2.8%–6.4%], p < 0.001) lower MMC prices for outpatient hospital care, including 3.6% (p < 0.05) for medical/surgical procedures, 3.6% (p < 0.01) for radiology, and 6.7% (p < 0.001) for emergency department visits.

Conclusions

MMC insurers with substantial commercial market share negotiate lower MMC prices for multiple outpatient hospital services.
Toward environmental sustainability: Is responsible consumption and production of natural resources amid green energy, green technology, and green finance achievable?
Authors: Gu Yan , Chen Junfei , Xi Wenjia , Ridwan Ibrahim Lanre , Al‐Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh
Published: November 2024

The relentless devastating impacts of global warming and other climate change effects leading to incessant ecological damages have compelled governments across the globe to rethink the pattern of natural resource depletion. This has motivated policymakers, governments, international organizations, and research pundits alike to advocate for a transition to sustainable consumption and production of natural resources. Consequently, there is a growing call for sustainable production and consumption practices, as outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG‐12). This research probes how natural resource production and consumption facilitate or hinder environmental sustainability in G7 economies from 1996 to 2020. The empirical evidence incorporates green energy, green technology, green finance, environmental tax, financial development, economic growth, and population as control variables within the STIRPAT theoretical framework. Second‐generation estimating techniques are utilized for empirical verification. An outstanding contribution of this study among others is the estimation of the moderating effects of green energy in mitigating the ensuing impact of natural resources on environmental sustainability. The results indicate that both production and consumption of natural resources, particularly coal and oil negatively affect environmental sustainability. Furthermore, green technology, energy, and finance as well as environmental tax are found to play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability. Green technology plays significant part in subduing the deteriorating effects of natural resources on the ecosystem. The robustness analyses further buttress the main analyses. Policy recommendations are proposed based on the empirical results.
Case report: Benign lateral neck ectopic thyroid tissue mimicking cervical lymph node metastasis
Authors: Ng Wang‐Lin , Chan Man‐Hin , Wong Ka‐Chun
Published: November 2024

We herein report a rare case of benign lateral neck ectopic thyroid tissue that presentation micmicked cerivcal lymph node metastasis of follicular thyroid cancer and discuss its management pearl.
De novo biosynthesis and nicotinamide biotransformation of nicotinamide mononucleotide by engineered yeast cells
Authors: Ren Yanna , Han Bei , Wang Shijie , Wang Xingbin , Liu Qi , Cai Menghao
Published: November 2024

β‐Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor of NAD+ in mammals. Research on NAD+ has demonstrated its crucial role against aging and disease. Here two technical paths were established for the efficient synthesis of NMN in the yeast Pichia pastoris, enabling the production of NMN from the low‐cost nicotinamide (NAM) or basic carbon sources. The yeast host was systematically modified to adapt to the biosynthesis and accumulation of NMN. To improve the semi‐biosynthesis of NMN from NAM, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferases were expressed intracellular to evaluate their catalytic activities. The accumulation of extracellular NMN was further increased by the co‐expression of an NMN transporter. Fine‐tuning of gene expression level produced 72.1 mg/L NMN from NAM in flasks. To achieve de novo biosynthesis NMN, a heterologous biosynthetic pathway was reassembled in yeast cells. Fine‐tuning of pathway nodes by the modification of gene expression level and enhancement of precursor generation allowed efficient NMN synthesis from glucose (36.9 mg/L) or ethanol (57.8 mg/L) in flask. Lastly, cultivations in a bioreactor in fed‐batch mode achieved an NMN titre of 1004.6 mg/L at 165 h from 2 g NAM and 868 g glucose and 980.4 mg/L at 91 h from 160 g glucose and 557 g ethanol respectively. This study provides a foundation for future optimization of NMN biosynthesis by engineered yeast cell factories.
Rheumatic manifestations and sequela of acute parvovirus B19 infection in hospitalized adult population
Authors: Hassan Fadi , Khoury Wasim , Daood Rula , Saab Amir , Naffaa Mohammad E. , Jeries Helana
Published: November 2024

Background

Parvovirus B19 infection has been associated with various clinical entities including musculoskeletal manifestations and the development of different autoimmune diseases. The aim of our study is to examine the musculoskeletal manifestations associated with acute parvovirus B19 infection and the possible development of chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Patients and Methods

Retrospective cohort study that included adult hospitalized patients diagnosed with an acute parvovirus B19 infection between 1 January 2021 and 1 February 2024. Subjects were followed‐up for 6–12 months after hospitalization aiming to identify patients who developed chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Results

The study included 23 patients diagnosed with acute parvovirus B19 infection. Patients were predominantly females (16, 69.6%) with mean age at diagnosis of 39.3 ± 13.11 years. Most patients were Jewish (15, 65.2%). The two most common acute symptoms were fever (82.6%) and myalgia (56.5%). Polyarthritis was present only in three patients (13%) and all of them had wrists involvement. Anti‐nuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor were the most common autoantibodies present with equal prevalence each (13%). Five patients were treated with prednisone during the acute phase (21%), two (8.7%) of them needed drug escalation and were subsequently treated with hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate. One patient developed systemic lupus erythematosus during the first 6 months of follow‐up.

Conclusion

Musculoskeletal manifestations developing during acute parvovirus B19 are usually self‐limited with only a small minority of patients developing chronic autoimmune diseases. It is crucial to differentiate self‐limited manifestations related to acute parvovirus B19 from idiopathic autoimmune diseases aiming to avoid unnecessary immunosuppressive therapy.
Recovery of clinically relevant multidrug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae lineages from wastewater in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Ekhosuehi Amen , Ikhimiukor Odion O. , Essandoh Helen Michelle Korkor , Asiedu Nana Yaw , Aighewi Isoken Tito , Sunmonu Gabriel Temitope , Odih Erkison Ewomazino , Oaikhena Anderson O. , Cyril‐Okoh Dorothy , Yeboah Clara , Okeke Iruka N.
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is under‐monitored in Africa, with few reports characterizing resistant bacteria from the environment. This study examined physicochemical parameters, chemical contaminants and antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in waste stabilization pond effluents, hospital wastewater and domestic wastewater from four sewerage sites in Kumasi. The bacteria isolates were sequenced. Three sites exceeded national guidelines for total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and electrical conductivity. Although sulfamethoxazole levels were low, the antibiotic was detected at all sites. Multi‐drug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated with multi‐locus sequence typing identifying K. pneumoniae strains as ST18 and ST147, and P. aeruginosa as ST235, all of clinical relevance. A comparison of ST147 genomes with isolates from human infections in Africa showed remarkable similarity and shared AMR profiles. Thirteen of the twenty‐one plasmids from ST147 harbored at least one AMR gene, including blaCTX‐M‐15 linked to copper‐resistance genes. Our study demonstrated high bacterial counts and organic matter in the analysed wastewater. The recovery of clinically significant isolates with multiple antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes from the wastewater samples raises public health concerns.
Recovery of culturable Streptococcus pyogenes from swabs stored at different temperatures
Authors: Summer Kate , Tong Steven Y. C. , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Bowen Asha C.
Published: November 2024

Improving our understanding of superficial Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) carriage and transmission necessitates robust sampling methods. Here, we compared the effect of storing swab samples in fridge (+4°C) and freezer (−20°C) conditions on the recovery of laboratory‐cultured S. pyogenes. Streptococcus pyogenes colony‐forming units progressively declined at +4°C, but not at −20°C, over 2 weeks. Results demonstrate that freezing is preferable over refrigeration for storage and transport of skin and throat swabs to ensure that culturing accurately reflects the true results of sampling. This is particularly important in remote community research and practice when immediate incubation is not possible or batch processing is most practical, increasing the elapsed time between collection and laboratory analysis. The study suggests that temperature negatively affects S. pyogenes viability and provides a method to further investigate the role of other environmental factors affecting S. pyogenes transmission.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of mucinous breast carcinoma with a micropapillary structure
Authors: Yang Beibei , Shen Menglu , Sun Bo , Zhao Jing , Wang Meng
Published: November 2024

Objective

To conduct a comparative analysis of clinicopathological data between mucinous micropapillary breast carcinoma (MUMPC) and pure mucinous carcinoma (PMC) without a micropapillary structure to elucidate the distinctive clinicopathological characteristics of MUMPC and their impact on prognosis.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 325 patients diagnosed with mammary mucinous carcinoma admitted to Tianjin Cancer Hospital between July 2014 and December 2019, including 197 patients with MUMPC and 128 patients with PMC without a micropapillary structure. Clinicopathological features were compared, and factors influencing the prognosis of MUMPC were analyzed. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method, and univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses for MUMPC were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.

Results

The median follow‐up period was 76 months. In the MUMPC and PMC groups, the disease‐free survival (DFS) rates at 3, 5, and 7 years were 95.4%, 90.4%, 89.8%, and 100%, 98.4%, and 96.9%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.009). Tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, and endocrine treatment were significant factors influencing the prognosis of the MUMPC group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis and endocrine therapy were independent prognostic factors in patients with MUMPC (p < 0.001). Compared with PMC, the MUMPC group exhibited a higher prevalence of HER2 (11.2% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.009) and Ki‐67 overexpression (79.7% vs. 60.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The lymph node stage is the most crucial clinicopathological feature of MUMPC. Endocrine treatment strategy is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of MUMPC.
Enhancing positioning accuracy in adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancer using cervical‐thoracic integrated bracket combined with deep inspiration breath holding
Authors: Wan Bao , Liu Yunsong , Ge Yandong , Liu Fan , Zhao Ruiao , Li Tantan , Zhang Yanxin , Zhang Wei , Huan Fukui , Yang Xu , Hui Zhouguang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of three fixation methods in patients with left breast cancer receiving whole breast radiotherapy: conventional breast bracket (BB), breast bracket combined with deep inspiration breath holding (DIBH), and cervical‐thoracic integrated bracket (CTIB) combined with DIBH.

Methods

From January 2023 to September 2023, 84 patients who underwent left breast cancer radiotherapy with supraclavicular radiation after conservative surgery were included in this study, of which 25 patients were fixed by conventional BB, 34 patients by BB & DIBH, and 25 patients by CTIB & DIBH. Image registration was conducted around the treatment area, using the sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint as landmarks. Systematic and random errors were calculated to assess the accuracy of these fixation methods.

Results

Compared to the conventional BB group, the CTIB & DIBH group demonstrated significant improvements in accuracy across multiple dimensions, including left–right, superior‐posterior, and anterior–posterior directions, as well as rotational errors in the sagittal and coronal planes. The CTIB & DIBH group showed a significant reduction of setup error in the anterior–posterior direction compared to the BB & DIBH group. The displacement of the acromioclavicular joint varied, with the CTIB & DIBH method showing more favorable outcomes.

Conclusion

DIBH method exhibited lower setup errors and more effective fixation of the acromioclavicular joint, especially when combined with CTIB, making it a recommended fixation method in adjuvant radiotherapy following breast‐conserving surgery.
Piwi mutant germ cells transmit a form of heritable stress that promotes longevity
Authors: Heestand Bree , McCarthy Ben , Simon Matt , Lister‐Shimauchi Evan H. , Frenk Stephen , Ahmed Shawn
Published: November 2024

The C. elegans Argonaute protein PRG‐1/Piwi and associated piRNAs protect metazoan genomes by silencing transposons and other types of foreign DNA. As prg‐1 mutants are propagated, their fertility deteriorates prior to the onset of a reproductive arrest phenotype that resembles a starvation‐induced stress response. We found that late‐generation prg‐1 mutants with substantially reduced fertility were long‐lived, whereas early‐ or mid‐generation prg‐1 mutants had normal lifespans. Loss of the stress response transcription factor DAF‐16 caused mid‐ or late‐generation prg‐1 mutants to live very short lives, whereas overexpression of DAF‐16 enabled both mid‐ and late‐generation prg‐1 mutants to live long. Cytoplasmic P‐bodies that respond to stress increased in long‐lived late‐generation prg‐1 mutants and were transmitted to F1 but not F2 cross‐progeny. Moreover, moderate levels of heritable stress shorten late‐generation prg‐1 mutant longevity when DAF‐16 or P bodies are deficient. Together, these results suggest that the longevity of late‐generation prg‐1 mutants is a hormetic stress response. However, dauer larvae that occur in response to stress were not observed in late‐generation prg‐1 mutants. Small germ cell nucleoli that depended on germline DAF‐16 were present in late‐generation prg‐1 mutants but were not necessary for their longevity. We propose that prg‐1 mutant germ cells transmit a form of heritable stress, high levels of which promote longevity and strongly reduce fertility. The heritable stress transmitted by prg‐1/Piwi mutant germ cells may be generally relevant to epigenetic inheritance of longevity.
Towards cultural inclusion for older adults from culturally and linguistically diverse communities: A commentary on recent aged care reforms
Authors: Dakey Samuel K. , Maxwell Hazel , Siette Joyce
Published: November 2024

Objective

Due to the high and increasing number of older people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds in Australia, it is essential to ensure that the upcoming Support at Home program and other new initiatives incorporate culturally responsive aged care provision. Failing to address these challenges perpetuates inequalities in access to quality care for CALD older adults.

Methods

This paper reviews recent reforms and initiatives in aged care, identifies culturally responsive provisions and proposes new approaches for upcoming reforms that focus on CALD older people and their support networks. We summarise current standards of cultural appropriateness in aged care to identify areas for improvement.

Results

There are instructive interactions between cultural responsiveness and standardising or mainstreaming provision in recent aged care policies and initiatives. We argue that culturally adapting the aged care assessments and Support at Home frameworks through co‐production collaborations in the Aged Care Data and Digital Strategy (2024–2029) is not just beneficial but necessary. These actions involve (i) developing culturally tailored assessment tools that consider linguistic and cultural factors, such as using bilingual questionnaires and incorporating culturally responsive communication materials, and (ii) incorporating cultural competence training. Implementing these changes, though complex, will enable equitable and inclusive aged care. It involves overcoming language and cultural barriers that impede effective communication and care.

Conclusions

We advocate for ongoing testing and evaluation of these approaches to determine their feasibility for integration into digitisation plans within the aged care sector.
Cancer Clinical Trial Participation Amongst Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Patients in Australia
Authors: Muhandiramge Jaidyn , Nilsen Oliver J. , Hafeez Umbreen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Clinical trials play a large role in oncological. Many barriers to participation in cancer clinical trials exist, including a patient's status as “culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD)”. Globally, it is thought that CALD patients experience lower rates of trial participation, although very few studies quantify rates of cancer clinical trial participation in this group. Our study therefore aims to characterize CALD participation in cancer clinical trials in an Australian setting.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the Cancer Clinical Trials Centre at Austin Health, a large tertiary metropolitan cancer center in Melbourne, Australia. Participation in cancer clinical trials between groups was compared using simple descriptive analysis, Chi‐squared analysis, and logistic regression.

Results

Of 2568 patients (mean age 57.9 years, 37% female) offered entry into a cancer clinical trial between 2018 and 2023, 26% were from a CALD background (n = 678), and 9% had a preferred language other than English (n = 219). A greater proportion of non‐CALD patients participated in a cancer clinical trial compared with CALD patients (37% versus 33% respectively, p = 0.04). In logistic regression models, Arabic (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21–0.93 [univariate]) and Greek (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31–0.91 [multivariate]) language groups, along with overall CALD status (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.99 [univariate]) were associated with lower cancer clinical trial participation.

Conclusion

We found that CALD patients, those born in non‐English speaking countries, and specific language groups, were associated with lower cancer clinical trial participation.
Leishmaniasis masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum in a non‐endemic area: A case report
Authors: Becker Sarah L. , Phillips Gregory S. , Keller Jesse , Sheth Radhika , Egge Stephanie , Koon Stephanie Mengden , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G.
Published: November 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) can be difficult to diagnose, leading to diagnostic delay which affects patient outcomes and increases health care utilization. Among different scenarios of diagnostic delay, atypical infections can mimic PG. Here, we present a case of extensive cutaneous leishmaniasis initially misdiagnosed as the superficial granulomatous variant of PG and describe diagnostic clues to aid in differentiation.
Cell Communications Between GCs and Macrophages Contribute to the Residence of Macrophage in Preovulatory Follicles
Authors: Wu Huihua , Zhang Ce , Zhu Rui , Meng Qingxia , Wang Fuxin , Gao Liang , Zhao Nannan , Li Hong , Li Mingqing
Published: November 2024

Problem

There were not only granulosa cells (GCs) but also immune cells in preovulatory follicular fluid. The objective of this study was to explore the interactions between macrophages and GCs via adhesion molecules in preovulatory follicles and the regulatory mechanisms of the interactions.

Method of Study

Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of ITGB1 in macrophages and fibronectin (FN)1 in GCs in preovulatory follicles from 12 patients. The synthesis of FN1 protein in human ovarian GCs line (KGN) was detected by western blot. An adhesion experiment was performed to observe the changes of KGN cells adhesion to macrophages.

Results

The progesterone levels 12 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration in the high proportion immune cells (high immune [HI]) group were significantly higher than that in the low proportion immune cells (low immune [LI]) group (p < 0.0001). The expression of ITGB1 in macrophages in the HI group was higher than in the LI group. The expression of FN1 in GCs in HI group was higher than in LI group (p < 0.01). Progesterone increased the synthesis of FN1 in KGN cells (p < 0.0001) and was suppressed by the elimination of PGR. The adhesion effect of KGN cells on macrophages was enhanced by progesterone (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

After luteinizing hormone (LH)/HCG surge, progesterone promotes the expression of FN1 in GCs by acting on the receptor PGR, and then GCs enhance the adhesion of macrophages by FN1‐ITGB1 interaction, further leading to the result that macrophages perform diverse functional activities to maintain tissue homeostasis during ovulation.
Who wins when? Election timing and descriptive representation
Authors: Hajnal Zoltan L. , Kogan Vladimir , Markarian G. Agustin
Published: November 2024

We examine how the timing of local elections affects the success of minority candidates, who remain woefully underrepresented in public office. We build on research showing that concurrent elections narrow racial gaps in voter turnout and leverage changes in the timing of local elections in California. Our analysis shows that filling local offices in November of even years increases minority officeholding, at least for some groups. The results demonstrate how, when, and for whom election timing matters. Latinos gain most, potentially at the expense of White and, to a lesser degree, Black representation. An investigation of potential mechanisms suggests that these effects depend on group population size and the magnitude of the turnout changes. An increase in the number of co‐ethnic candidates running also appears to contribute to the representational benefits of on‐cycle elections. Finally, the effects are most pronounced during presidential elections, when turnout improvements are largest.
The interplay of body mass index, gestational weight gain, and birthweight over 3800 g in vaginal breech birth: A retrospective study
Authors: Tautenhahn Henriette , Dathan‐Stumpf Anne , Kabbani Noura , Stepan Holger , Lia Massimiliano
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Optimal counseling of women for vaginal breech birth requires consideration of both established and emerging risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes. Currently, rising prevalences of maternal obesity and impaired glucose tolerance challenge obstetric care. We aimed to investigate the effects of these parameters on the outcome of vaginal breech birth to improve counseling practices.

Material and Methods

A total of 361 women (without previous vaginal births) attending vaginal birth of a singleton fetus in breech presesntation between 01/2015 and 11/2021 were included in this retrospective single‐center study. Data were derived from the hospital data base. We analyzed the effect of the maternal body mass index (BMI) at birth (compared to pre‐pregnancy BMI), excessive weight gain, gestational diabetes, and neonatal birthweight on obstetrical and neonatal short‐term outcomes (intrapartum cesarean delivery, performance of obstetric maneuvers (Løvset‐, Bracht‐, Veit‐Smellie maneuver and Bickenbach's arm delivery), admission to the neonatal unit, Apgar score after 5 minutes <7, and arterial cord pH‐value <7.10). Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis and adjustment of variables.

Results

Overall, 246 women (68.1%) had a successful vaginal birth. Intrapartum cesarean delivery (n = 115/361; 31.9%) was independently associated with maternal BMI at birth (p = 0.0283, aOR = 1.87 (1.19–3.97)) if birthweight was ≥3800 g. The rate of intrapartum cesarean delivery was also higher in women with gestational diabetes (p = 0.0030, aOR = 10.83 (2.41‐60.84)). A significantly higher risk of neonatal acidosis (arterial pH‐value <7.10) was observed in women with BMI at birth ≥30 kg/m2 (p = 0.0345, aOR = 1.84 (1.04–3.22)) without affecting other outcomes. Pre‐pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and BMI‐gain did not significantly affect the obstetrical and neonatal birth outcomes.

Conclusions

When neonatal birthweight is ≥3800 g, maternal BMI at birth (p = 0.0283; aOR = 1.87 (1.19–3.97)) is independently associated with the rate of intrapartum cesarean delivery. However, pre‐pregnancy BMI and BMI‐gain during pregnancy were not associated with the need for intrapartum cesarean delivery or other adverse outcomes. Consequently, BMI at the time of birth could be more informative than pre‐pregnancy BMI and may improve counseling of women attempting vaginal breech birth.
Drivers of masculinity: Marginality, manhood, and mobilities during a pandemic
Authors: Annavarapu Sneha
Published: November 2024

In this paper, I consider how the COVID‐19 pandemic shaped the gendered self‐understandings of cabdrivers in the southern Indian city of Hyderabad. Extending research on the pandemic's effect on economically and socially marginalised groups such as app‐based cabdrivers and by taking into account masculinity as a framework of analysis, in this paper, I ask: how does a crisis like the pandemic impact self‐understandings of men cabdrivers? How does the intensification of precarity during a global crisis affect the way men understand themselves as gendered selves? Based on ethnographic fieldwork collected both before the pandemic and during, I trace two emergent patterns which I briefly explore in this paper. First, I show how and why the ‘breadwinner’ trope (and the attendant ideologies of protection and provision) was largely reinforced but also, sometimes, challenged during the pandemic. I then move the analytical gaze outside the space of the home to examine how care structures interrelatedness among cabdrivers as a community in the register of brotherhood. Ultimately, I argue that adopting a gendered lens on the pandemic offers an analytical flashpoint in identifying when and why ideologies of manhood, particularly among subaltern men, intersect with broader socio‐economic forces in shaping individual experiences and narratives.
The core of division: Examining how essentialist views of the U.S. underlie right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and nationalism
Authors: Miller Jason M. , Landau Mark J.
Published: November 2024

We propose that political polarization stems in part from differing conceptions of one's nation. Four studies tested the hypothesis that national essentialism – conceiving one's nation as possessing an inherent, unchanging essence – underlies three political ideologies: right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and nationalism. Study 1 (n = 263) provides correlational evidence that essentialist thinking about the U.S. positively predicted all three ideological variables, as well as support for conservative policies regarding religion, taxes, the environment, and immigration. Converging experiments show that prompting participants to think about the U.S.’s essence increased support for RWA and nationalism, but not SDO. Study 2 (n = 164) compared an essentialist to a non‐essentialist framing of the U.S., while Study 3 (n = 150) compared essentialist framings of the U.S. to an unrelated concept (music). Parallel mediation analyses show that support for RWA and nationalism mediated the relationship between primed national essentialism and support for conservative policy positions. Study 4 (n = 174) directly replicated Study 2 and went further to test mediators, showing that perceptions of intergroup threat mediated the effect of national essentialism on RWA, while national identification mediated the effect of national essentialism on nationalism. Data and materials are publicly available at: (https://osf.io/srvxk/?view_only=d803fbf4c59c4b7e912f5a345ddb09b9)