bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High School Students' Perspectives on the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act's Definition of a Highly Qualified Teacher
Authors: GARCIA VERONICA , AGBEMAKPLIDO WILHEMINA , ABDELA HANAN , LOPEZ JR. OSCAR , REGISTE RASHIDA
Published: May 2015

In this article, four urban high school students and their student leadership and social justice class advisor address the question, "What are high school students' perspectives on the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act's (NCLB) definition of a highly qualified teacher?" As the advisor to the course, Garcia challenged her students to examine their high school experiences with teachers. The students offer personal stories that describe what they consider the critical qualities of teachers — qualities not based solely on the credentials and education status defined by NCLB. The authors suggest that highly qualified teachers should cultivate safe, respectful, culturally sensitive, and responsive learning communities, establish relationships with students' families and communities, express their high expectations for their students through instructional planning and implementation, and know how students learn. This article urges educators and policymakers to consider the students' voices and school experiences when making decisions about their educational needs, including the critical issue of teacher quality.
Accountability without Angst? Public Opinion and No Child Left Behind
Authors: HESS FREDERICK
Published: May 2015

In this article, Frederick Hess discusses public opinion trends related to educational issues from the enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2002 through 2006. Using data from three separate public opinion polls, Hess analyzes the general public's and parents' opinions on several issues, including the proper use of large-scale assessments, the appropriateness of punitive action for failing schools, the place of school choice, and the responsibility for closing achievement gaps across groups. Among many important findings, the author determines that NCLB has had little effect on the public's general opinion of public schools; that there is little public support for the sanctioning of struggling schools; and that while the public feels that schools should not be blamed for existing achievement gaps, schools should be responsible for closing them. He concludes with a discussion of implications for policymakers and practitioners.
Developing Imagination, Creativity, and Literacy through Collaborative Storymaking: A Way of Knowing
Authors: KING NANCY
Published: May 2015

Early in her life, Nancy King discovered that stories are rich sources of wisdom, imagination, creativity, and comfort. In this essay, King describes her personal experiences developing and using the collaborative storymaking process with young people and adults in various school settings. The author states that collaborative storymaking establishes opportunities for students to create stories from stories, using imagemaking and abstract prompts. She maintains that the iterative process expands and improves students' oral and written expression. King invites other educators to include collaborative storymaking in their instructional repertoire to stimulate their own and their students' reading, writing, and speaking skills, and to foster a supportive learning community.
Teaching How Language Reveals Character
Authors: METZGER MARGARET
Published: May 2015

In this Voices Inside Schools essay, a veteran teacher shares her reflections on a classroom unit entitled "How Language Reveals Character." The goal of the unit is to help adolescents read and write critically through an exploration of literary characters' language. Beginning by drawing on adolescents' fascination with one another, Metzger first asks students to analyze the language of their peers as an entry point to thinking about how language and character may be connected. The unit then moves on to ask students to transfer their analytic skills to the world of fiction and how language reveals character in literary texts. Metzger focuses on life inside her classroom, how the unit is taught, how students respond, and how teachers can expand on the concepts of language and character through additional reading and writing activities.
Test-Optional Admission at a Liberal Arts College: A Founding Mission Affirmed
Authors: SHANLEY BRIAN
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Father Brian J. Shanley discusses Providence College's pilot program to eliminate standardized test scores from the required components of an admission application. Building on the college's ninety-year history of opening the doors of higher education to underrepresented populations, Providence College's test-optional policy is designed to ensure that students with strong academic preparation are not excluded from matriculating because of poor test performance. Shanley provides insight into the college's process of holistic application review and the institution's plan to study the impact of its new policy on the makeup and success of its student body.
Is Teaching for Social Justice Undemocratic?
Authors: FREEDMAN ERIC
Published: May 2015

In this article, Eric Freedman examines the extent to which critical pedagogy can be considered a democratic form of education. Comparing Paulo Freire's notion of dialogue to Jürgen Habermas's "ideal speech situation," Freedman argues that such dialogue cannot realistically occur in educational situations where the teacher remains in an institutionalized position of power. This argument opens critical pedagogy to the charge of indoctrination. The author thus proposes three ways to align the practice more closely with democratic principles. The first is to employ a democratic procedure to develop school curriculum whenever possible. The second is to present multiple, competing positions on each social issue students are to discuss. Freedman's final suggestion is to train students in a method of analyzing these competing positions that helps shed light on the causes of social inequalities.
Toward a More Anatomically Complete Model of Literacy Instruction: A Focus on African American Male Adolescents and Texts
Authors: TATUM ALFRED
Published: May 2015

In this article, Alfred Tatum argues that the current framing of the adolescent literacy crisis fails to take into account the in-school and out-of-school challenges confronting many African American male adolescents today, particularly those growing up in high-poverty communities. Using the metaphor of literacy instruction as a human body, he argues that in the absence of sound theory about the importance of texts for African American male adolescents, even the best instructional methods will fall flat, like a body without a head. He offers a more anatomically complete model in which instructional methods are governed by theories about how literacy can help young men of color respond to their immediate contexts, and in which professional development gives legs to these methods by preparing teachers to engage all students. Finally, in a case study of one Chicago youth, Tatum illustrates both the power that relevant texts can hold for young men of color and the missed opportunities that result when students do not encounter such texts in their schools.
Adolescent Literacy: Putting the Crisis in Context
Authors: JACOBS VICKI
Published: May 2015

In this article, Vicki Jacobs argues that as the nation strives to improve the literacy achievement of U.S. adolescents, educators must reframe the current "crisis" as a critical point on a continuum of historical efforts to address the particular challenges of postprimary-grade reading. Specifically, Jacobs examines the definition of adolescent literacy in the context of reading stages, which explain the contiguous and continuous relationship between primary-grade and later reading. She also discusses how historical relationships between skill and process instruction and between reading specialists and content-area faculty have contributed to the issues we face at this particular point on the continuum. Jacobs concludes by highlighting the opportunities ahead for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who are positioned to respond to the adolescent literacy crisis and improve adolescent literacy achievement.
Hijacking Education Policy Decisions: Ballot Initiatives and the Case of Affirmative Action
Authors: MOSES MICHELE , SAENZ LAUREN
Published: May 2015

In this article, Michele Moses and Lauren Saenz explore a growing trend in education policymaking — the ballot initiative. Specifically, the authors question whether information presented to voters is sufficiently substantive to permit educated decisionmaking about influential policies. Their study, a content analysis of print news media related to the 2006 Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, shows that coverage of this initiative was largely superficial, documenting procedural or topical matters rather than addressing the deeper moral, practical, and historical issues involved. These results, they argue, highlight the important role that mass media should play in a direct democracy, currently an overlooked responsibility. Moses and Saenz end with an appeal to education researchers to monitor the media coverage of education policy debates and, upon finding insubstantial coverage, to present an alternative that is meaningful and accessible to the general public.
Different Worlds and Divergent Paths: Academic Careers Defined by Race and Gender
Authors: JOHNSON-BAILEY JUANITA , CERVERO RONALD
Published: May 2015

In this article, Juanita Johnson-Bailey, a Black female professor, and Ronald M. Cervero, a White male professor, examine and contrast their academic lives by exploring how race and gender have influenced their journeys and their experiences. Using journal excerpts, personal examples, and a comparative list of privileges, the authors present a picture of their different realities at a research university. The depiction of their collective forty years in academia reveals that White men and Black women are regarded and treated differently by colleagues and students. Manifestations of this disparate treatment are evident primarily in classroom and faculty interactions. An examination of the professors' relationships with people and with their institution illustrates that, overall, the Black woman is often relegated to a second-class existence characterized by hostility, isolation, and lack of respect, while the White man lives an ideal academic life as a respected scholar who disseminates knowledge, understands complexity, and embodies objectivity.
Putting the "Development" in Professional Development: Understanding and Overturning Educational Leaders' Immunities to Change
Authors: Helsing Deborah , Howell Annie , Kegan Robert , Lahey Lisa
Published: May 2015

In this article, authors Deborah Helsing, Annie Howell, Robert Kegan, and Lisa Lahey argue that today's educational leaders face a host of complex demands as they strive to implement lasting, meaningful change in their school environments. As these demands often require a level of personal development many adults may not yet have, there is a need for professional development programs that are genuinely developmental. This article describes one such program that provides the opportunity for participants to make qualitative shifts in the ways that they understand themselves and their work. Using case study methodology, the authors explore the psychological development of one participant as she increases her capacity to determine, and be guided by, her own theories, values, and expectations of her personal and professional relationships and responsibilities.
Free Marketeers, Policy Wonks, and Yankee Democracy: School Vouchers in New Hampshire, 1973–1976
Authors: Carl Jim
Published: May 2015

In this article, Jim Carl uses archival sources and interviews to chronicle the effort to bring school vouchers to New Hampshire. In 1973, the New Hampshire Department of Education initiated a plan, funded by the U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity,to institute vouchers in a handful of school districts. Though the initiative had the support of prominent economists, scholars, and political leaders at federal and state levels, the state's urban districts declined to participate, and in the few rural districts that agreed to the planning phase, voters rejected vouchers in 1976. Although advocates chalked up the reversal of support to voter apathy and opposition from the teachers union, Carl identifies deeper reasons for the rejection of the vouchers, including the exclusion of sectarian schools, concerns about federal interference, and the logistical challenges of implementing vouchers in rural areas. The obstacles in New Hampshire yielded lessons for policymakers seeking to build popular and political support for subsequent voucher plans.
Can Higher Education Meet the Needs of an Increasingly Diverse and Global Society? Campus Diversity and Cross-Cultural Workforce Competencies
Authors: Jayakumar Uma
Published: May 2015

In this article, Uma Jayakumar investigates the relationship between white individuals'exposure to racial diversity during college and their postcollege cross-cultural workforce competencies. Using survey data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program, housed in the Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California at Los Angeles, the author uses structural equation modeling to show that for whites from both segregated and diverse precollege neighborhoods, their postcollege leadership skills and level of pluralistic orientation are either directly or indirectly related to the structural diversity and racial climate of their postsecondary institutions, as well as their level of cross-racial interaction during the college years. The author concludes that postsecondary institutions may provide lasting benefits to white students by promoting a positive racial climate for a racially diverse student body. These findings support the theory put forth by Gurin, Dey, Hurtado, and Gurin(2002) for explaining the benefits of racial diversity at the postsecondary level.
The Social (and Economic) Implications of Being an Educated Woman in Iran
Authors: Shavarini Mitra
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Mitra Shavarini captures the lasting impact of violent political conflict on educational access in postrevolutionary Iran. While the Iranian Revolution took place nearly thirty years ago, its impact continues to reverberate throughout Iranian society, particularly as it relates to the lives of women. Captured here is a powerful conversation that helps us conceptualize the subtle nature of what that struggle is about for young women in Iran. Discussing the social meaning and gendered complexity of higher education in Iran, Shavarini raises important questions about women gaining ground for their rights in this context.
Citizenship Competencies in the Midst of a Violent Political Conflict: The Colombian Educational Response
Authors: Chaux Enrique
Published: May 2015

In this article, Enrique Chaux considers the effect that an environment replete with violent political conflict has on children. He cites literature that points to higher levels of aggressive and violent behaviors among children in these settings. Then he examines the case of Colombia and an educational initiative that attempted to foster stronger citizenship competencies among its students. The program, Aulas en Paz,experienced success in lowering aggressive behaviors in students and increasing citizenship competencies among its participants.
Educational Reconstruction "By the Dawn's Early Light": Violent Political Conflict and American Overseas Education Reform
Authors: Sobe Noah
Published: May 2015

Using a historical approach, Sobe examines the myths and ideals that have underlain U.S. educational initiatives in postconflict nations abroad. Building on its tradition of modern schooling designed to advance civic and social order, America has sought to extend its political and cultural values overseas through educational reforms in postconflict countries. Sobe tracks the development of these reform efforts,highlighting their significance as symbols of American forms of government and civic life and a belief in social transformation through education. Sobe draws upon this history to caution that educational reforms alone rarely accomplish social transformation,and that future U.S. initiatives must honor local and shared cultural values above American ideals.
Latino Students' Transitions to College: A Social and Intercultural Capital Perspective
Authors: Nuñez Anne-Marie
Published: May 2015

In this article, Anne-Marie Nuñez uses data from a national longitudinal study of students enrolled in four-year public research universities to assess the effects of social capital and intercultural capital—the capacity to negotiate diverse racial/ethnic environments—on Latino students' sense of belonging in college and on their perceptions of a hostile racial/ethnic climate. She finds that Latino students who are more familiar with diversity issues and who report more social and academic connection and engagement experience a greater sense of belonging even as they also experience a more hostile campus climate. Her findings provide a nuanced understanding of Latino students' college experiences, with implications for how access to intercultural capital through positive cross-racial interactions and diversity curricula may offer benefits that counterbalance the negative impact of marginalizing experiences and ultimately advance educational attainment.
The Other Side of the Story: Israeli and Palestinian Teachers Write a History Textbook Together
Authors: Steinberg Shoshana , Bar-On Dan
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Shoshana Steinberg and Dan Bar-On present the work of a team of Israeli and Palestinian teachers who developed a history textbook that includes both groups' narratives of the same events side by side. These teachers then tested the effects of its use in both Israeli and Palestinian classrooms; for the first time, students on each side of the conflict were exposed to the other side's understanding of key historical events. The authors present the challenges that the team faced in developing the textbook and that teachers encountered in the classroom as well as the understanding and collaboration this project fostered. They argue that the process of creating the dual-narratives text, as well as the text itself, allows teachers to play a productive role in violent political conflicts.
Second-Class Integration: A Historical Perspective for a Contemporary Agenda
Authors: Walker Vanessa Siddle
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Vanessa Siddle Walker invokes the voices of black educators who challenged the diluted and failed vision for an integrated South after the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision mandating school desegregation. Through collaboration and activism, these educators fought against the second-class integration implemented in the southern states and instead advocated for true equality and empowerment for black children entering integrated schools. Walker demonstrates that these educators' critiques are strikingly applicable to the present U.S. educational system,as they highlight our country's failure to provide educational equity despite decades of debate about its necessity and reforms to address the injustices. She advises President Obama's administration to incorporate these original visions of black educators in efforts to craft and advance a new vision for integration and racial equality in schools.
Praise Song for Teachers: A Call to Action
Authors: White Ariane
Published: May 2015

When she received our call for submissions, high school educator Ariane White saw it as a pedagogical as well as an artistic opportunity. Moved by the shift in the country's leadership, she chose to express her reaction in the following poem. She then used her poem as a teaching and organizing tool, sharing it with colleagues and students in an effort to inspire them to engage creatively with this moment in history. In her poem, a variation on the inaugural "praise song," White calls on teachers to renew their commitment to nurturing all young people in their pursuit to experience the richness of life.
Equity and Empathy: Toward Racial and Educational Achievement in the Obama Era
Authors: Carter Prudence
Published: May 2015

Reflecting on the 2008 election, Prudence Carter challenges the popular notion that President Obama's victory is symbolic of a postracial society in the United States. Citing statistics about the opportunity gap that still exists in our nation's schools—as well as the recent Supreme Court cases that served to halt racial desegregation—Carter argues that we must continue to push for truly integrated schools, where black and Latino students are provided with the resources, high standards, and care to meet their full potential. Although she sees President Obama's victory as a symbol of national potential, Carter calls on all of us to work toward ending the "empathy gap"that exists both in and out of our nation's schools.
The Effects of Stereotype Threat on Standardized Mathematics Test Performance and Cognitive Processing
Authors: Arbuthnot Keena
Published: May 2015

Although research has extensively documented sources for differential item functioning and stereotype threat—especially among women and black college students—little is known about group differences in test-taking strategies among black adolescent students. In this article, Arbuthnot presents findings from two studies that seek to explore how stereotype threat affects standardized test performance in mathematics among black eighth-grade students. The author contextualizes the studies in a discussion of prior research and presents findings from an analysis of black students'test performances on standardized mathematics exam questions that do and do not include differential item functioning. Arbuthnot complements this work by exploring the strategies test-takers use to process test items. Findings from the two studies suggest that stereotype threat may have a negative impact on black adolescent students'test-taking strategies and achievement on mathematics standardized tests. The author concludes the article by posing implications for new test development that takes into consideration the potential impact of stereotype threat.
Increasing Latino/a Representation in Math and Science: An Insider's Look
Authors: Aguirre Jarrad
Published: May 2015

Recent Yale alumnus Jarrad Aguirre relates his experience creating MAS Familias,a campus organization that supports Latino/a undergraduates studying math and science. Alarmed by Latino/a students' academic struggles and the lack of Latino/a role models in the fields of math and science—and increasingly aware of the social benefits of a diverse scientific work force—Aguirre built MAS Familias to promote dialogue, offer support, and improve persistence for Latino/a undergraduates in math and science departments. Aguirre calls on undergraduates to work together across institutions, to work with youth to build strong networks of budding Latino/a scientists, and to share their stories, as he has done, in an effort to promote change.
Results Not Typical: One Latino Family's Experiences in Higher Education
Authors: Jimenez-Silva Margarita , Jimenez Hernandez Norma , Luevanos Ruth , Jimenez Dulcemonica , Jimenez Jr. Abel
Published: May 2015

In this narrative, five adult siblings bring their voices together to tell the stories of their interwoven college experiences—how they influenced, supported, and relied on one another and other family members. As the stories unfold, they reveal the strengths of the familial ties that provide meaning and purpose to the college experience, the considerations that drive college enrollment choices, the pain of confrontational and unsupportive college environments, and the joys of success and self-discovery. By linking their stories in this essay, the grown children of the Jimenez family paint a portrait of the centrality of tradition, culture, and family in their atypical success story.
From the Bricks to the Hall
Authors: Torres Mellie
Published: May 2015

Situating herself on the cusp between life in her hometown of Newark, New Jersey, and her new world at Seton Hall University, Mellie Torres describes the painful awareness of a growing distance between herself, as the first to go to college, and her family. In so doing, she reveals the inherent losses of leaving home and the painful contrast between her own life story and that of her brother Isaac, who was denied the opportunity to thrive. In grieving the loss of her brother, Torres asks readers to honor his unrealized promise.
Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latina/o Undergraduates
Authors: Yosso Tara , Smith William , Ceja Miguel , Solórzano Daniel
Published: May 2015

In this article, Tara Yosso, William Smith, Miguel Ceja, and Daniel Solórzano expand on their previous work by employing critical race theory to explore and understand incidents of racial microaggressions as experienced by Latina/o students at three selective universities. The authors explore three types of racial microaggressions—interpersonal microaggressions, racial jokes, and institutional microaggressions—and consider the effects of these racist affronts on Latina/o students. Challenging the applicability of Vincent Tinto's three stages of passage for college students, the authors explore the processes by which Latinas/os respond to racial microaggressions and confront hostile campus racial climates. The authors find that, through building community and developing critical navigation skills, Latina/o students claim empowerment from the margins.
Teaching That Breaks Your Heart: Reflections on the Soul Wounds of a First-Year Latina Teacher
Authors: Carrillo Juan
Published: May 2015

In this powerful essay, Juan F. Carrillo, a teacher educator in Austin, Texas, reflects on an encounter with a first-year Latina teacher, Christina, who has decided to leave the profession. Despite successfully learning and applying critical pedagogy, Christina finds herself isolated and frustrated, stuck between a societal push for standardized success and her own desire to nurture transformation among her students. In listening to Christina's experiences, Carrillo grapples with his own responsibilities as a teacher educator.
Passin' for Black: Race, Identity, and Bone Memory in Postracial America
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2015

Signithia Fordham challenges the notion that we are living in a "postracial" society where race is no longer a major social category, as indicated by the rising incidence of interracial relationships and the popularity of biracial identities. On the contrary,she contends, a powerful fusion of historical memory and inclusive kinship compels Americans whose ancestors were enslaved to embrace a Black identity even when they have White as well as African ancestors. Fordham identifies this socially constructed racial identity as "passin' for Black." She argues that virtually every socially defined Black person connected to enslavement—regardless of skin color, hair texture, facial features, or paternity—must perform Blackness. Using narratives obtained from a recent ethnographic study of female competition and aggression in a racially "integrated"suburban high school, Fordham's essay documents how the complex, charged matter of racial identity—concurrently biological and social—inflames the lives of adolescents and impairs their ability to navigate the school environment.
Rethinking Education and Emancipation: Being, Teaching, and Power
Authors: De Lissovoy Noah
Published: May 2015

This essay describes two central principles for a renewed emancipatory pedagogy across educational contexts: the recognition of an essential equality between students and teachers and a liberatory agency that uncovers and builds on students' effectivity as beings against domination. While critical educational theory traditionally conceives of the human as a condition to be developed through the process of conscientization,De Lissovoy argues for the recognition of the human as the already existing fact of a body in struggle. He proposes an understanding of the human as the ontological kernel of the selves of students and teachers, as it asserts itself before contests over knowledge and identification. Building from recent work in cultural studies and philosophy that confronts the question of being as a political problem, the author develops an original understanding of emancipation as the discovery and affirmation of the persistent integrity and survival of beings in struggle.
Unseen Workers in the Academic Factory: Perceptions of Neoracism Among International Postdocs in the United States and the United Kingdom
Authors: Cantwell Brendan , Lee Jenny
Published: May 2015

In this article, Brendan Cantwell and Jenny J. Lee examine the experiences of international postdocs and their varying career paths in the current political economy of academic capitalism through the lens of neoracism. Using in-depth interviews with science and engineering faculty and international postdocs in the United States and the United Kingdom, the authors identify differing faculty expectations and treatment of international postdocs. They further reveal culturally specific stereotypes that negatively affected postdocs' work opportunities as they moved toward their professoriate career. The authors extend the concept of neoracism in globalized higher education by examining the larger structures of the academic job market and varying degrees of opportunity, depending on one's country of origin as reported by faculty and postdocs.
"Doing Right By": Teacher Aides, Students with Disabilities, and Relational Social Justice
Authors: Rutherford Gill
Published: May 2015

In this article, Gill Rutherford seeks to understand, from the perspectives of teacher aides, the influence of their work on the school experiences of New Zealand students with disabilities. Rutherford contributes to a growing body of international research regarding the role of teacher aides that documents the complex and ambiguous nature of their work. Ironically, given the injustice of assigning unqualified teacher aides to students whose learning support requirements (through no fault of their own) often challenge teachers, the findings of the study suggest that aides may contribute to the development of a more just education by virtue of their relationships with students with disabilities. Teacher aides' knowing and caring about students in terms of their humanity and competence resulted in their recognizing and addressing injustices experienced by students. In acting on students' behalf, in "doing right by" each student, these aides enabled students to enact their formal right to education. The study findings, interpreted within a framework of relational social justice, add another dimension to what has already been documented in research literature about the paradoxical nature of teacher aides' work.
Race, Charter Schools, and Conscious Capitalism: On the Spatial Politics of Whiteness as Property (and the Unconscionable Assault on Black New Orleans)
Authors: Buras Kristen
Published: May 2015

In this article, Kristen L. Buras examines educational policy formation in New Orleans and the racial, economic, and spatial dynamics shaping the city's reconstruction since 2005. More specifically, Buras draws on the critical theories of whiteness as property, accumulation by dispossession, and urban space economy to describe the strategic assault on black communities by education entrepreneurs. Based on data collected from an array of stakeholders on the ground, she argues that policy actors at the federal, state, and local levels have contributed to a process of privatization and an inequitable racial-spatial redistribution of resources while acting under the banner of "conscious capitalism." She challenges the market-based reforms currently offered as a panacea for education in New Orleans, particularly charter schools, and instead offers principles of educational reform rooted in a more democratic and critically conscious tradition.
Pipelines and Pathways: Women of Color in Undergraduate STEM Majors and the College Experiences That Contribute to Persistence
Authors: Espinosa Lorelle
Published: May 2015

Supporting undergraduate achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines is paramount to ensuring our nation's continued scientific and technological advancement. In this quantitative study, Lorelle Espinosa examines the effect of precollege characteristics, college experiences, and institutional setting on the persistence of undergraduate women of color in STEM majors and also investigates how this pathway might differ for women of color in comparison to their White peers. She utilized hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) to examine the experiences of 1,250 women of color and 891 White women attending 135 institutions nationwide. Results revealed the paramount role of women's college experiences. Women of color who persisted in STEM frequently engaged with peers to discuss course content, joined STEM-related student organizations, participated in undergraduate research programs, had altruistic ambitions, attended private colleges,and attended institutions with a robust community of STEM students. Negative predictors of persistence include attending a highly selective institution.
The Double Bind: The Next Generation
Authors: Malcom Lindsey , Malcom Shirley
Published: May 2015

In this foreword, Shirley Malcom and Lindsey Malcom speak to the history and current status of women of color in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM) fields. As the author of the seminal report The Double Bind: The Price of Being a Minority Woman in Science, Shirley Malcom is uniquely poised to give us an insightful perspective on the development of this field over the last thirty-five years. She has spent the intervening years working on increasing diversity and inclusion in STEM education and careers. Her daughter, Lindsey Malcom, represents the next generation of scholars seeking to understand and advance the representation of women of color in STEM. Together, they connect the past and the present regarding the pathways used by minority women entering STEM, their patterns of advancement,and shifting paradigms on how best to support women of color in these fields.
Who Dat Say (We) "Too Depraved to Be Saved"?: Re-membering Katrina/ Haiti (and Beyond): Critical Studyin'for Human Freedom
Authors: King Joyce
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Joyce King attempts to interrupt the calculus of human (un)worthiness and to repair the collective cultural amnesia that are legacies of slavery and that make it easy—hegemonically and dysconsciously—for the public to accept myths and media reports, such as those about the depravity of survivors of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and the earthquake in Haiti. King uses examples of Black Studies scholarship within a critical studyin' framework to recover and re-member the historical roots of resistance and revolution and the African cultural heritage that New Orleans and Haiti have in common. Within this framework, teachers, students, and parents can combat ideologically biased knowledge, disparaging discourses of Blackness,and dehumanizing disaster narratives.
Growing Up in the Shadows: The Developmental Implications of Unauthorized Status
Authors: Suárez-Orozco Carola , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Teranishi Robert , Suárez-Orozco Marcelo
Published: May 2015

Unauthorized immigrants account for approximately one-fourth of all immigrants in the United States, yet they dominate public perceptions and are at the heart of a policy impasse. Caught in the middle are the children of these immigrants—youth who are coming of age and living in the shadows. An estimated 5.5 million children and adolescents are growing up with unauthorized parents and are experiencing multiple and yet unrecognized developmental consequences as a result of their family's existence in the shadow of the law. Although these youth are American in spirit and voice, they are nonetheless members of families that are "illegal" in the eyes of the law. In this article, the authors develop a conceptual framework to systematically examine the ways in which unauthorized status affects the millions of children, adolescents,and emerging adults caught in its wake. The authors elucidate the various dimensions of documentation status—going beyond the binary of the "authorized"and "unauthorized." An ecological framework brings to the foreground a variety of systemic levels shaping the daily experiences of children and youth as they move through the developmental spectrum. The article moves on to examine a host of critical developmental outcomes that have implications for child and youth well-being as well as for our nation's future.
"Because We Feel the Pressure and We Also Feel the Support": Examining the Educational Success of Undocumented Immigrant Latina/o Students
Authors: Enriquez Laura
Published: May 2015

Drawing from the educational experiences of fifty-four undocumented immigrant college students, Laura E. Enriquez seeks to uncover the concrete ways in which social capital is used to successfully navigate K–12 educational institutions and pursue a higher education. Enriquez argues that there is a need for a more grounded understanding of how marginalized individuals develop and use social capital. She finds that undocumented immigrant students receive emotional and financial support from multiple actors, including family members, peers, and teachers. Yet undocumented students require informational resources specific to their legal status, which tend to be provided by other undocumented students rather than by traditional institutional agents. Looking specifically at how these students utilize their social capital, Enriquez shows that undocumented immigrant students participate in patchworking, the haphazard piecing together of various resources, in order to achieve their educational goals. Additionally, their use of social capital is not dictated by expectations of direct reciprocity but, rather, by a more collectivist framework of empowerment. Ultimately,the findings from this study suggest that reconceptualizing one's social network as a"family" more aptly captures the nature of undocumented immigrant students' social capital while also providing an opportunity to empower marginalized communities.
The Work Children Do: Unpacking Gendered Conflict in an Elementary Classroom
Authors: Kawai Hana , Taylor Emily
Published: May 2015

In this essay, Hana Kawai and Emily Taylor provide a case study of one teacher's classroom that examines issues of student conflict, gender dynamics, and the importance of reflective discussion to address oppressive social structures. Through reflections and observations that focus on the intersection of gender and race, they urge teachers to recognize, understand, and respond to everyday classroom conflict through a critical lens. Kawai and Taylor conclude with an "imagined conversation"that discusses the larger societal influences that affect individual choices.
Voices Inside Schools: Getting to Know Derek
Authors: Paley Vivian Gussin
Published: May 2015

In this Voices Inside Schools essay, Vivian Gussin Paley brings us into Derek's kindergarten classroom using her characteristic style of listening and recounting from the child's perspective. With delicacy and insight, she reveals the small but significant moments that occur alongside the planned curriculum to illustrate how children author their own narratives and come to each other's rescue. In this essay, Paley's ability to attend to what emerges in the spaces between academic activities offers ways for teachers to get to know children as they see themselves. Paley demonstrates how,through storytelling and dramatic play, children author narratives of confidence and capability, seeing themselves as powerful and whole.
Acquiring Double Images: White Preservice Teachers Locating Themselves in a Raced World
Authors: Seidl Barbara , Hancock Stephen
Published: May 2015

In this article, Barbara Seidl and Stephen Hancock introduce the concept of a double image, which they argue is central to the development of a mature, antiracist identity for White people. Similar in some ways to Dubois's (1903) concept of double consciousness, a double image is a sensibility or consciousness that gives White people a deeper understanding of how they are seen and raced by others, particularly People of Color. Drawing on eight years as antiracist teacher educators, Seidl and Hancock demonstrate how White preservice teachers in a cross-cultural internship begin to develop a double image, the obstacles they come across, and the pedagogies that can assist them in this process.
Having It Both Ways: Building the Capacity of Individual Teachers and Their Schools
Authors: Johnson Susan Moore
Published: May 2015

In this article, Susan Moore Johnson calls for a balanced approach to improving teaching and learning, one that focuses on both teachers and the contexts in which they work. Drawing on over a decade of research on the experiences of new teachers, Johnson argues that focusing on the effectiveness of individuals while ignoring how their schools are organized limits our capacity to support teachers’ work and, thus, to improve the outcomes for our nation’s neediest students.
Identity Constructions and Negotiations Among 1.5- and Second-Generation Nigerians: The Impact of Family, School, and Peer Contexts
Authors: Awokoya Janet
Published: May 2015

Past scholarship on immigrant racial and ethnic identity construction tends to ignore the processes by which social context influences identity at the individual level. In this qualitative study, Janet T. Awokoya presents a complex understanding of 1.5- and second-generation African immigrant youths’ identities. Awokoya explores how three major contexts—family, school, and peer groups—affect the ways in which African immigrant youth construct and negotiate their racial and ethnic identities. Further, she contends that the ways in which African immigrant youth are expected to conform to ideals of what it means to be African, Nigerian, African American, and Black, which dramatically shift across contexts, significantly confound the racial and ethnic identity constructions and negotiations for these youth. The article concludes with a discussion of practical and theoretical implications for identity development among Black immigrant youth.
Legally White, Socially “Mexican”: The Politics of De Jure and De Facto School Segregation in the American Southwest
Authors: Donato Rubén , Hanson Jarrod
Published: May 2015

The history of Mexican American school segregation is complex, often misunderstood, and currently unresolved. The literature suggests that Mexican Americans experienced de facto segregation because it was local custom and never sanctioned at the state level in the American Southwest. However, the same literature suggests that Mexican Americans experienced de jure segregation because school officials implemented various policies that had the intended effect of segregating Mexican Americans. Rubén Donato and Jarrod S. Hanson argue in this article that although Mexican Americans were legally categorized as “White,” the American public did not recognize the category and treated Mexican Americans as socially “colored” in their schools and communities. Second, although there were no state statutes that sanctioned the segregation of Mexican Americans, it was a widespread trend in the American Southwest. Finally, policies and practices historically implemented by school officials and boards of education should retroactively be considered de jure segregation.
Responding to Racism and Racial Trauma in Doctoral Study: An Inventory for Coping and Mediating Relationships
Authors: Truong Kimberly , Museus Samuel
Published: May 2015

In this study, Kimberly A. Truong and Samuel D. Museus focus on understanding strategies doctoral students of color use to respond to racism. The authors conducted semi-structured individual interviews with twenty-six participants who self-reported experiencing racism and racial trauma during doctoral studies. Analysis of the data resulted in findings that encompass three categories: internal responses, controlled responses, and external responses. These three broad themes comprise an inventory for responding to racism and racial trauma that focuses on coping and mediating relationships.
Coming Home: Hermanos Académicos Reflect on Past and Present Realities as Professors at Their Alma Mater
Authors: Reddick Richard , Sáenz Victor
Published: May 2015

In this article, Richard J. (Rich) Reddick and Victor B. Sáenz, two assistant professors of color, utilize scholarly personal narrative to reflect on their trajectory from undergraduates at a predominantly White institution—one prominently mired in a legacy of discrimination and exclusion toward people of color—to faculty members at that same institution. Employing the concept of (in)visibility to discuss their alternating feelings of exclusion and acceptance in the university community, Reddick and Sáenz describe how they endeavor to maintain their senses of self through the support of family, mentors, and their home communities. The institution's efforts to reconcile its difficult history through community outreach and structural changes provide what appears to be a safe space for these hermanos académicos (academic brothers), though the two scholars continue to struggle with multiple and sometimes competing responsibilities: navigating the institution, retaining their cultural integrity, and meeting the demands of the academy. The authors conclude by making recommendations for institutions invested in increasing faculty diversity and calling for greater use of scholarly personal narratives to detail the experiences of underrepresented communities in predominantly White institutions.
Designing Indigenous Language Revitalization
Authors: Hermes Mary , Bang Megan , Marin Ananda
Published: May 2015

Endangered Indigenous languages have received little attention within the American educational research community. However, within Native American communities, language revitalization is pushing education beyond former iterations of culturally relevant curriculum and has the potential to radically alter how we understand culture and language in education. Situated within this gap, Mary Hermes, Megan Bang, and Ananda Marin consider the role of education for Indigenous languages and frame specific questions of Ojibwe revitalization as a part of the wider understanding of the context of community, language, and Indigenous knowledge production. Through a retrospective analysis of an interactive multimedia materials project, the authors present ways in which design research, retooled to fit the need of communities, may inform language revitalization efforts and assist with the evolution of community-based research design. Broadly aimed at educators, the praxis described in this article draws on community collaboration, knowledge production, and the evolution of a design within Indigenous language revitalization.
“Coming into Presence” as Mentally Ill in Academia: A New Logic of Emancipation
Authors: Skogen Rochelle
Published: May 2015

In this article Rochelle Skogen takes up the subject of university professors diagnosed with severe mental illness and asks why so little is known about these individuals. As an assistant professor who suffers from bipolar disorder, Skogen discusses the impact of stigma on a professor's decision to either disclose or conceal her illness. While it appears that most mentally ill academics choose to hide their diagnoses—perhaps believing that concealment will keep them free of stigma—Skogen argues that such thinking is but an illusion of freedom, because it is based on an emancipation that depends on the “goodwill” of would-be emancipators. Skogen depicts her own journey of “coming into presence” as a process of subjectification rooted in Jacques Rancière's theory of a new logic of emancipation, as interpreted by Bingham and Biesta.