bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metapopulation structure of a semi-anadromous fish in a dynamic environment
Authors: Feyrer Frederick , Hobbs James , Acuna Shawn , Mahardja Brian , Grimaldo Lenny , Baerwald Melinda , Johnson Rachel C. , Teh Swee
Published: January 2015

The Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) is a relatively large (400 mm), long-lived (8 years) demersal cyprinid of conservation importance endemic to the San Francisco Estuary (SFE), California, USA. It exhibits a semi-anadromous life cycle spending adult life in low to moderate salinity (0–12) habitat with migrations into upstream freshwater rivers and floodplains for spawning during winter–spring. The species persists as two genetically distinguishable populations — one dominant and one subordinate — separated by discrete spawning habitats that we suggest resemble an island–mainland metapopulation structure. The populations overlap in distribution in the SFE, yet segregation is maintained with individuals tending to aggregate or school with others of similar population heritage and natal origin. The populations are spatially connected via dispersal of the dominant population into the subordinate population’s spawning habitat when climate patterns produce freshwater outflow sufficient to form a bridge of suitable low salinity habitat across the upper SFE. Habitat affinities of the two populations, hydrodynamic modeling studies, and historical outflow records together suggest such conditions occur in approximately 1/3 of years overall with an irregular frequency. This dynamic pattern of spatial connectivity controlled by climate variability may be an important driver of gene flow between the two populations.
On weighted W2,p estimates for elliptic equations with BMO coefficients in nondivergence form
Authors: Byun Sun-Sig , Lee Mikyoung
Published: January 2015

We establish global weighted W2,p, 2 < p < ∞, estimates for the solution to the Dirichlet problem for an elliptic equation in nondivergence form with BMO coefficients in a C1,1 domain under the assumption that the matrix of the coefficients has a small BMO semi-norm while the associated weight belongs to a Muckenhoupt class. These conditions are weaker than those reported in the literature.
Improved theory of neutrino oscillations in matter
Authors: Kisslinger Leonard S.
Published: January 2015

This is revision of the S-Matrix theory of neutrino oscillations used for many years. We evaluate the transition probability of a μ to e neutrino without an approximation used for many theoretical studies, and find important differences which could improve the extraction of neutrino parameters from experimental data in the future.
Tetraquark state candidates: Y(4140), Y(4274) and X(4350)
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Tian Ye-Fan
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we tentatively assign the Y(4140), Y(4274) and X(4350) to be the scalar and tensor [Formula: see text] tetraquark states, respectively, and study them with the QCD sum rules. In the operator product expansion, we take into account the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10. In calculations, we use the formula [Formula: see text] to determine the energy scales of the QCD spectral densities. The numerical results favor assigning the Y(4140) to be the JPC = 2++ diquark–antidiquark type tetraquark state, and disfavor assigning the Y(4274) and X(4350) to be the 0++ or 2++ tetraquark states.
The general relativity of two properties
Authors: Stack Paul D. , Delbourgo Robert
Published: January 2015

We demonstrate that the extension of the space–time metric to incorporate two anticommuting property coordinates automatically leads to the unification of gravity with non-Abelian gauge theory, as well as producing a cosmological term.
Dark matter, LFV and neutrino magnetic moment in the radiative seesaw model with fermion triplet
Authors: Chao Wei
Published: January 2015

In this paper we work in the framework of a radiative seesaw model with triplet fermion Σ. Due to the Z2 discrete flavor symmetry, the lightest neutral component of Σ is stable and thus can be a dark matter candidate. Its mass can be solely determined by the dark matter relic abundance, which is bout 2.594 TeV. It can still constitute 30% of the dark matter when considering constraints from dark matter indirect detection experiments. The model also predict a dark matter-nucleus scattering cross-section that would be accessible with future dark matter direct detection searches. We further investigate constraints on the parameter space of the model from the lepton-flavor-violating processes and neutrino transition magnetic moments, induced by the Yukawa interaction of the Σ with the left-handed lepton doublets.
Rewriting systems and biautomatic structures for Chinese, hypoplactic, and sylvester monoids
Authors: Cain Alan J. , Gray Robert D. , Malheiro António
Published: January 2015

This paper studies complete rewriting systems and biautomaticity for three interesting classes of finite-rank homogeneous monoids: Chinese monoids, hypoplactic monoids, and sylvester monoids. For Chinese monoids, we first give new presentations via finite complete rewriting systems, using more lucid constructions and proofs than those given independently by Chen & Qui and Güzel Karpuz; we then construct biautomatic structures. For hypoplactic monoids, we construct finite complete rewriting systems and biautomatic structures. For sylvester monoids, which are not finitely presented, we prove that the standard presentation is an infinite complete rewriting system, and construct biautomatic structures. Consequently, the monoid algebras corresponding to monoids of these classes are automaton algebras in the sense of Ufnarovskij.
SLP compression for solutions of equations with constraints in free and hyperbolic groups
Authors: Diekert Volker , Kharlampovich Olga , Moghaddam Atefeh Mohajeri
Published: January 2015

The paper is a part of an ongoing program which aims to show that the problem of satisfiability of a system of equations in a free group (hyperbolic or even toral relatively hyperbolic group) is NP-complete. For that, we study compression of solutions with straight-line programs (SLPs) as suggested originally by Plandowski and Rytter in the context of a single word equation. We review some basic results on SLPs and give full proofs in order to keep this fundamental part of the program self-contained. Next we study systems of equations with constraints in free groups and more generally in free products of abelian groups. We show how to compress minimal solutions with extended Parikh-constraints. This type of constraints allows to express semi-linear conditions as e.g. alphabetic information. The result relies on some combinatorial analysis and has not been shown elsewhere. We show similar compression results for Boolean formula of equations over a torsion-free δ-hyperbolic group. The situation is much more delicate than in free groups. As byproduct we improve the estimation of the "capacity" constant used by Rips and Sela in their paper "Canonical representatives and equations in hyperbolic groups" from a double-exponential bound in δ to some single-exponential bound. The final section shows compression results for toral relatively hyperbolic groups using the work of Dahmani: We show that given a system of equations over a fixed toral relatively hyperbolic group, for every solution of length N there is an SLP for another solution such that the size of the SLP is bounded by some polynomial p(s + log N) where s is the size of the system.
Markov chains, ${\mathscr R}$-trivial monoids and representation theory
Authors: Ayyer Arvind , Schilling Anne , Steinberg Benjamin , Thiéry Nicolas M.
Published: January 2015

We develop a general theory of Markov chains realizable as random walks on [Formula: see text]-trivial monoids. It provides explicit and simple formulas for the eigenvalues of the transition matrix, for multiplicities of the eigenvalues via Möbius inversion along a lattice, a condition for diagonalizability of the transition matrix and some techniques for bounding the mixing time. In addition, we discuss several examples, such as Toom–Tsetlin models, an exchange walk for finite Coxeter groups, as well as examples previously studied by the authors, such as nonabelian sandpile models and the promotion Markov chain on posets. Many of these examples can be viewed as random walks on quotients of free tree monoids, a new class of monoids whose combinatorics we develop.
On fixed points of the lower set operator
Authors: Almeida J. , Cano A. , Klíma O. , Pin J.-É.
Published: January 2015

Lower subsets of an ordered semigroup form in a natural way an ordered semigroup. This lower set operator gives an analogue of the power operator already studied in semigroup theory. We present a complete description of the lower set operator applied to varieties of ordered semigroups. We also obtain large families of fixed points for this operator applied to pseudovarieties of ordered semigroups, including all examples found in the literature. This is achieved by constructing six types of inequalities that are preserved by the lower set operator. These types of inequalities are shown to be independent in a certain sense. Several applications are also presented, including the preservation of the period for a pseudovariety of ordered semigroups whose image under the lower set operator is proper.
Gröbner-Shirshov Bases for Exceptional Lie Superalgebras
Authors: Lee Dong-il
Published: January 2015

For exceptional Lie superalgebras D(2,1;α), G(3) and F(4), Gröbner-Shirshov bases and the corresponding super-Lyndon-Shirshov monomial bases are constructed.
On Ordered rpp Semigroups with Max-idempotents
Authors: Guo Xiaojiang , Ren Chenchen , Shum K. P.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we establish a structure theorem of naturally ordered rpp semigroups with max-idempotents. Results on naturally ordered semigroups with max-idempotents in the literature are extended and amplified. Some previous results obtained by Blyth, McFadden, Guo and Xie on regular and abundant ordered semigroups are extended to ordered rpp semigroups.
A general procedure for rational inequalities
Authors: Rhoades B. E.
Published: January 2015

Recently Bhatt, Chaukiyal and Dimri proved a fixed point theorem for a pair of maps satisfying a rational type inequality. It is the purpose of this paper to show that this result, along with a number of others, are all special cases of a general theorem of Sehie Park.
Counting irreducible polynomials over GF(3) with first and third coefficients given
Authors: Sharma P. L. , Rehan M. , Sharma S.
Published: January 2015

We obtain some formulae to find the approximate values of the number of irreducible polynomials of degree n > 2 over GF(3) in which the coefficients of xn-1 and xn-3 are prescribed. We compare and find that our estimates are close to the exact values.
Mechanical stability of engineered barriers in a subsurface disposal facility during gas migration based on coupled hydromechanical modelling
Authors: Yamamoto Shuichi , Kumagai Mamoru , Koga Kazumasa , Sato Shin
Published: January 2015

The ‘subsurface disposal’ concept has been proposed for relatively higher-activity low-level waste (LLW) in Japan. This concept includes a low-permeability layer (LPL) made of bentonite material and a low-diffusion layer (LDL) made of dense cementitious material. The influence of gas generation and migration on the mechanical stability of the engineered barrier system (EBS) is one of the issues for long-term performance assessment of the disposal facility. In this study, coupled hydromechanical modelling and analyses are carried out in order to evaluate the mechanical stability of the system. Two gas generation rate cases are simulated: (1) a reference case; and (2) a conservative case. It is found from the analyses that the tensile stress developed in the cementitious components due to accumulated gas pressure is lower than the tensile strength of the materials, and that stress developed in the LPL remains compressive apart from at the interface between the LPL and the LDL, which suggests that opening could occur at the interface. These results indicate that the gas pressure would not mechanically damage the EBS of the subsurface disposal even if a relatively high gas generation rate were assumed.
Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells alters contractility and Ca2+ homeostasis in mice
Authors: Michiels Cédéric F. , Fransen Paul , De Munck Dorien G. , De Meyer Guido R. Y. , Martinet Wim
Published: January 2015

Autophagy is an evolutionary preserved process that prevents the accumulation of unwanted cytosolic material through the formation of autophagosomes. Although autophagy has been extensively studied to understand its function in normal physiology, the role of vascular smooth muscle (SM) cell (VSMC) autophagy in Ca2+ mobilization and contraction remains poorly understood. Recent evidence shows that autophagy is involved in controlling contractile function and Ca2+ homeostasis in certain cell types. Therefore, autophagy might also regulate contractile capacity and Ca2+-mobilizing pathways in VSMCs. Contractility (organ chambers) and Ca2+ homeostasis (myograph) were investigated in aortic segments of 3.5-mo-old mice containing a SM cell-specific deletion of autophagy-related 7 ( Atg7; Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ mice) and in segments of corresponding control mice ( Atg7+/+ SM22α -Cre+). Our results indicate that voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) of Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ VSMCs were more sensitive to depolarization, independent of changes in resting membrane potential. Contractions elicited with K+ (50 mM) or the VGCC agonist BAY K8644 (100 nM) were significantly higher due to increased VGCC expression and activity. Interestingly, the sarcoplasmic reticulum of Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ VSMCs was enlarged, which, combined with increased sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 expression and higher store-operated Ca2+ entry, promoted inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated contractions of Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ segments and maximized the Ca2+ storing capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, decreased plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase expression in Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ VSMCs hampered Ca2+ extrusion to the extracellular environment. Overall, our study indicates that defective autophagy in VSMCs leads to an imbalance between Ca2+ release/influx and Ca2+ reuptake/extrusion, resulting in higher basal Ca2+ concentrations and significant effects on vascular reactivity.
Passive leg movement and nitric oxide-mediated vascular function: the impact of age
Authors: Trinity Joel D. , Groot H. Jonathan , Layec Gwenael , Rossman Matthew J. , Ives Stephen J. , Morgan David E. , Gmelch Ben S. , Bledsoe Amber , Richardson Russell S.
Published: January 2015

In young healthy men, passive leg movement (PLM) elicits a robust nitric oxide (NO)-dependent increase in leg blood flow (LBF), thus providing a novel approach to assess NO-mediated vascular function. While the magnitude of the LBF response to PLM is markedly reduced with age, the role of NO in this attenuated response in the elderly is unknown. Therefore, this study sought to determine the contribution of NO in the PLM-induced LBF with age. Fourteen male subjects (7 young, 24 ± 1 yr; and 7 old, 75 ± 3 yr) underwent PLM with and without NO synthase (NOS) inhibition achieved by intra-arterial infusion of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). LBF was determined second-by-second by Doppler ultrasound, and central hemodynamics were measured by finger photoplethysmography. NOS inhibition blunted the PLM-induced peak increase in LBF in the young (control: 668 ± 106; l-NMMA: 431 ± 95 Δml/min; P = 0.03) but had no effect in the old (control: 266 ± 98; l-NMMA: 251 ± 92 Δml/min; P = 0.59). Likewise, the magnitude of the reduction in the overall (i.e., area under the curve) PLM-induced LBF response to NOS inhibition was less in the old (LBF: −31 ± 18 ml) than the young (LBF: −129 ± 21 ml; P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the age-associated reduction in PLM-induced LBF in the elderly is primarily due to a reduced contribution to vasodilation from NO and therefore support the use of PLM as a novel approach to assess NO-mediated vascular function across the lifespan.
Arterial stiffness: an independent determinant of adaptive glomerular hyperfiltration after kidney donation
Authors: Fesler Pierre , Mourad Georges , du Cailar Guilhem , Ribstein Jean , Mimran Albert
Published: January 2015

After kidney donation, the remaining kidney tends to hyperfiltrate, thus limiting the initial loss of renal function. The potential determinants of this adaptive glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) and specifically the influence of arterial function are poorly known. In 45 normotensive healthy kidney donors [51 ± 10 yr (mean ± SD), 39 females], glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured as the clearance of continuously infused99mTc-DTPA and timed urine collections at baseline, i.e., before donation, and 1 yr after donation. GHF was computed as postdonation GFR minus half of baseline GFR. Arterial function was assessed as baseline carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid augmentation index (AIx). After kidney donation, no significant change in blood pressure (BP) was observed, but two subjects developed hypertension. GFR decreased from 107 ± 19 to 73 ± 15 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2, and mean GHF was 20 ± 10 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2. In univariate analysis, GHF was inversely correlated to age ( r2= 0.24, P = 0.01), baseline PWV ( r2= 0.23, P = 0.001), and Aix ( r2= 0.11, P = 0.031). Nevertheless, GHF was not correlated to baseline peripheral or central BP. In multivariate analysis, baseline PWV, but not AIx, remained inversely correlated to GHF, independently of age, baseline mean BP, and GFR (model r2= 0.34, P < 0.001). In healthy subjects selected for renal donation, increased arterial stiffness is associated with decreased postdonation compensatory hyperfiltration.
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and the Outcome of Treatment in Tricyclic Antidepressants Poisoned Patients with Benzodiazepine Coingestion
Authors: Yaraghi Ahmad , Eizadi-Mood Nastaran , Katani Maryam , Farsaei Shadi , Hedaiaty Mahrang , Mirhosseini Seyyed Mohammad Mahdy , Beheshtian Elham , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad
Published: January 2015

Background. Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is still a major concern for emergency physicians and intensivists. Concomitant ingestion of other psychoactive drugs especially benzodiazepines with TCAs may make this clinical situation more complex. This study aimed to compare the arterial blood gas (ABG) values and the outcome of treatment in patients with coingestion of TCA and benzodiazepine (TCA + BZD) poisoning and TCA poisoning alone.Methods. In this cross-sectional study which was carried out in a tertiary care university hospital in Iran, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of one hundred forty TCA only or TCA + BZD poisoned patients (aged 18–40 years) were evaluated. ABG analysis was done on admission in both groups. Outcomes were considered as survival with or without complication (e.g., intubation) and the frequency of TCA poisoning complications.Results. Arterial pH was significantly lower in TCA + BZD poisoning group compared with TCA only poisoning group (7.34 ± 0.08 and 7.38 ± 0.08, resp.;P=0.02). However, other complications such as seizure, and the need for the endotracheal intubation were not significantly different. All patients in both groups survived.Conclusions. Concomitant TCA plus BZD poisoning may make the poisoned patients prone to a lower arterial pH level on hospital admission which may potentially increases the risk of cardiovascular complications in TCA poisoning.
A Case of Concurrent MPO-/PR3-Negative ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis and Membranous Glomerulopathy
Authors: Nakada Yasuyuki , Tsuboi Nobuo , Takahashi Yasuto , Yoshida Hiraku , Hara Yoriko , Okonogi Hideo , Kawamura Tetsuya , Arimura Yoshihiro , Yokoo Takashi
Published: January 2015

We report a case in which antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (ANCA-) associated glomerulonephritis and membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) were detected concurrently. The patient showed rapidly progressive renal deterioration. A renal biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis, together with marked thickening and spike and bubbling formations in the glomerular basement membranes. Indirect immunofluorescence examination of the patient’s neutrophils showed a perinuclear pattern. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that the ANCA in this case did not target myeloperoxidase (MPO) or proteinase 3 (PR3) but bactericidal-/permeability-increasing protein, elastase, and lysosome. The relationship between these two etiologically distinct entities, MPO-/PR3-negative ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and MGN, remains unclear.
A Case of Liver Abscess withDesulfovibrio desulfuricansBacteremia
Authors: Koyano Saho , Tatsuno Keita , Okazaki Mitsuhiro , Ohkusu Kiyofumi , Sasaki Takashi , Saito Ryoichi , Okugawa Shu , Moriya Kyoji
Published: January 2015

Desulfovibriospp. are gram-negative, sulfate-reducing, and anaerobic bacteria found in the digestive tract of humans. BecauseDesulfovibriospp. are infrequent causative agents of infectious diseases and are difficult to isolate and to identify from clinical specimens, the appropriate antibiotic therapy to infection withDesulfovibriospp. has not been determined. We report the first case of liver abscess with bacteremia due toDesulfovibrio desulfuricansto show the clinical presentation and treatment. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam and oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.
Quality of Life and Migraine Disability among Female Migraine Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Shaik Munvar Miya , Hassan Norul Badriah , Tan Huay Lin , Gan Siew Hua
Published: January 2015

Background. Disability caused by migraine may be one of the main causes of burden contributing to poor quality of life (QOL) among migraine patients. Thus, this study aimed to measure QOL among migraine sufferers in comparison with healthy controls.Methods. Female diagnosed migraine patients (n= 100) and healthy controls (n=100) completed the Malay version of the World Health Organization QOL Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Only migraine patients completed the Malay version of the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire.Results. Females with migraines had significantly lower total WHOQOL-BREF scores (84.3) than did healthy controls (91.9,P<0.001). Similarly, physical health (23.4 versus 27.7,P<0.001) and psychological health scores (21.7 versus 23.2,P< 0.001) were significantly lower than those for healthy controls. Seventy-three percent of patients experienced severe disability, with significantly higher number of days with headaches (13.8 days/3 months,P< 0.001) and pain scores (7.4,P< 0.013). Furthermore, migraine patients with lower total QOL scores had 1.2 times higher odds of having disability than patients with higher total QOL scores.Conclusions. The present study showed that migraine sufferers experienced significantly lower QOL than the control group from a similar population. Disability was severe and frequent and was associated with lower QOL among the migraine patients.
Recurrent Breast Cancer in a Patient with a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors: Copeland-Halperin Libby R. , Cohen Robert A.
Published: January 2015

We report a case of a patient with recurrent infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast encasing a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We also review the current literature regarding reports of breast malignancy around a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, as well as the potential relevance of such shunts to the preoperative evaluation and management of patients with breast cancer.
Constraint Consensus Methods for Finding Strictly Feasible Points of Linear Matrix Inequalities
Authors: Jibrin Shafiu , Swift James W.
Published: January 2015

We give algorithms for solving the strict feasibility problem for linear matrix inequalities. These algorithms are based on John Chinneck’s constraint consensus methods, in particular, the method of his original paper and the modified DBmax constraint consensus method from his paper with Ibrahim. Our algorithms start with one of these methods as “Phase 1.” Constraint consensus methods work for any differentiable constraints, but we take advantage of the structure of linear matrix inequalities. In particular, for linear matrix inequalities, the crossing points of each constraint boundary with the consensus ray can be calculated. In this way we check for strictly feasible points in “Phase 2” of our algorithms. We present four different algorithms, depending on whether the original (basic) or DBmax constraint consensus vector is used in Phase 1 and, independently, in Phase 2. We present results of numerical experiments that compare the four algorithms. The evidence suggests that one of our algorithms is the best, although none of them are guaranteed to find a strictly feasible point after a given number of iterations. We also give results of numerical experiments indicating that our best method compares favorably to a new variant of the method of alternating projections.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Policy Statement from the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors: Brandon Thomas H. , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Hanna Nasser H. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Herbst Roy S. , Hobin Jennifer A. , Ostroff Jamie S. , Shields Peter G. , Toll Benjamin A. , Tyne Courtney A. , Viswanath Kasisomayajula , Warren Graham W.
Published: January 2015

Combustible tobacco use remains the number one preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which include e-cigarettes, are devices capable of delivering nicotine in an aerosolized form. ENDS use by both adults and youth has increased rapidly, and some have advocated these products could serve as harm-reduction devices and smoking cessation aids. ENDS may be beneficial if they reduce smoking rates or prevent or reduce the known adverse health effects of smoking. However, ENDS may also be harmful, particularly to youth, if they increase the likelihood that nonsmokers or formers smokers will use combustible tobacco products or if they discourage smokers from quitting. The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recognize the potential ENDS have to alter patterns of tobacco use and affect the public's health; however, definitive data are lacking. AACR and ASCO recommend additional research on these devices, including assessing the health impacts of ENDS, understanding patterns of ENDS use, and determining what role ENDS have in cessation. Key policy recommendations include supporting federal, state, and local regulation of ENDS; requiring manufacturers to register with the FDA and report all product ingredients, requiring childproof caps on ENDS liquids, and including warning labels on products and their advertisements; prohibiting youth-oriented marketing and sales; prohibiting child-friendly ENDS flavors; and prohibiting ENDS use in places where cigarette smoking is prohibited. Clin Cancer Res; 21(3); 514–25. ©2015 AACR. American Association for Cancer Research and American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Zebrafish: A New Companion for Translational Research in Oncology
Authors: Barriuso Jorge , Nagaraju Raghavendar , Hurlstone Adam
Published: January 2015

In an era of high-throughput “omic” technologies, the unprecedented amount of data that can be generated presents a significant opportunity but simultaneously an even greater challenge for oncologists trying to provide personalized treatment. Classically, preclinical testing of new targets and identification of active compounds against those targets have entailed the extensive use of established human cell lines, as well as genetically modified mouse tumor models. Patient-derived xenografts in zebrafish may in the near future provide a platform for selecting an appropriate personalized therapy and together with zebrafish transgenic tumor models represent an alternative vehicle for drug development. The zebrafish is readily genetically modified. The transparency of zebrafish embryos and the recent development of pigment-deficient zebrafish afford researchers the valuable capacity to observe directly cancer formation and progression in a live vertebrate host. The zebrafish is amenable to transplantation assays that test the serial passage of fluorescently labeled tumor cells as well as their capacity to disseminate and/or metastasize. Progress achieved to date in genetic engineering and xenotransplantation will establish the zebrafish as one of the most versatile animal models for cancer research. A model organism that can be used in transgenesis, transplantation assays, single-cell functional assays, and in vivo imaging studies make zebrafish a natural companion for mice in translational oncology research. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 969–75. ©2015 AACR.
The MDM2 Inhibitor AMG 232 Demonstrates Robust Antitumor Efficacy and Potentiates the Activity of p53-Inducing Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Canon Jude , Osgood Tao , Olson Steven H. , Saiki Anne Y. , Robertson Rebecca , Yu Dongyin , Eksterowicz John , Ye Qiuping , Jin Lixia , Chen Ada , Zhou Jing , Cordover David , Kaufman Stephen , Kendall Richard , Oliner Jonathan D. , Coxon Angela , Radinsky Robert
Published: January 2015

p53 is a critical tumor suppressor and is the most frequently inactivated gene in human cancer. Inhibition of the interaction of p53 with its negative regulator MDM2 represents a promising clinical strategy to treat p53 wild-type tumors. AMG 232 is a potential best-in-class inhibitor of the MDM2–p53 interaction and is currently in clinical trials. We characterized the activity of AMG 232 and its effect on p53 signaling in several preclinical tumor models. AMG 232 binds the MDM2 protein with picomolar affinity and robustly induces p53 activity, leading to cell-cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. AMG 232 treatment inhibited the in vivo growth of several tumor xenografts and led to complete and durable regression of MDM2-amplified SJSA-1 tumors via growth arrest and induction of apoptosis. Therapeutic combination studies of AMG 232 with chemotherapies that induce DNA damage and p53 activity resulted in significantly superior antitumor efficacy and regression, and markedly increased activation of p53 signaling in tumors. These preclinical data support the further evaluation of AMG 232 in clinical trials as both a monotherapy and in combination with standard-of-care cytotoxics. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(3); 649–58. ©2015 AACR.
Systematic siRNA Screen Unmasks NSCLC Growth Dependence by Palmitoyltransferase DHHC5
Authors: Tian Hui , Lu Jui-Yun , Shao Chunli , Huffman Kenneth E. , Carstens Ryan M. , Larsen Jill E. , Girard Luc , Liu Hui , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Frenkel Eugene P. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Minna John D. , Hofmann Sandra L.
Published: January 2015

Protein S-palmitoylation is a widespread and dynamic posttranslational modification that regulates protein–membrane interactions, protein–protein interactions, and protein stability. A large family of palmitoyl acyl transferases, termed the DHHC family due to the presence of a common catalytic motif, catalyzes S-palmitoylation; the role of these enzymes in cancer is largely unexplored. In this study, an RNAi-based screen targeting all 23 members of the DHHC family was conducted to examine the effects on the growth in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Interestingly, siRNAs directed against DHHC5 broadly inhibited the growth of multiple NSCLC lines but not normal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines. Silencing of DHHC5 by lentivirus-mediated expression of DHHC5 shRNAs dramatically reduced in vitro cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell invasion in a subset of cell lines that were examined in further detail. The phenotypes were restored by transfection of a wild-type DHHC5 plasmid but not by a plasmid expressing a catalytically inactive DHHC5. Tumor xenograft formation was severely inhibited by DHHC5 knockdown and rescued by DHHC5 expression, using both a conventional and tetracycline-inducible shRNA. These data indicate that DHHC5 has oncogenic capacity and contributes to tumor formation in NSCLC, thus representing a potential novel therapeutic target.

Implications: Inhibitors of DHHC5 enzyme activity may inhibit non–small cell lung cancer growth. Mol Cancer Res; 13(4); 784–94. ©2015 AACR.
Brainstem Auditory Response Findings in Very Preterm Babies in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wang Cui , Jiang Ze Dong
Published: January 2015

Background: There is a need to increase our understanding of whether there is compromised brainstem auditory function in very preterm babies in intensive care. Objectives: To evaluate brainstem auditory function in preterm babies born at 32 weeks of gestation or earlier in the intensive care unit to detect any abnormality and the prevalence of the abnormality. Methods: We analyzed the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) at term in 156 babies born at 32 weeks of gestation or earlier in an intensive care unit. The data were compared to those of normal term babies to detect any differences. Results: The threshold of BAER was elevated in babies born at 32 weeks of gestation or earlier. All BAER wave latencies were significantly increased. The I-V interpeak interval was also increased. The amplitudes of BAER components tended to be reduced. Twenty-five (16.0%) babies in the intensive care unit had a BAER threshold elevation (>20 dB normal hearing level), suggesting peripheral auditory dysfunction. Thirty-three (21.1%) had an increased I-V interval, and 3 (1.9%) had a decreased V/I amplitude ratio, suggesting central or brainstem auditory dysfunction. Some babies had more than one BAER abnormality. As a whole, 51 (32.7%) babies had BAER abnormalities. Conclusion: Very preterm babies in the intensive care unit are at a high risk for auditory dysfunction. At term, 1 in 3 of these babies has peripheral and/or central auditory dysfunction.
Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Hypothyroidism Associated with Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Picard Charlotte , Decrequy Anne , Guenet David , Bursztejn Anne Claire , Toledano Daniel , Richard Nicolas , Kottler Marie-Laure
Published: January 2015

Hypothyroidism is a particular condition observed in pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), a rare disorder characterized by parathyroid (PTH) resistance leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia associated with a GNAS (guanine nucleotide-binding protein α-subunit) mutation (PHP1A) or epimutation (PHP1B). To determine the presence of hypothyroidism at birth we conducted a retrospective study in our cohort of patients presenting with either PHP1A (n = 116) or PHP1B (n = 99). We also investigated patients presenting at birth with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and a eutopic thyroid gland for phosphocalcium abnormalities suggesting PTH resistance and PHP. Our study reveals CH as the earliest diagnostic clue for PHP1A, but not for PHP1B. We estimated the frequency of CH at birth to be between 8 and 34% in patients presenting with PHP1A. The elevation of phosphatemia and PTH concentration precedes hypocalcemia in PHP1A. Conversely, the frequency of PHP1A in patients presenting CH is dramatically low. This may be due to the low prevalence of PHP1A which remains unknown. Conclusions: Subclinical and overt hypothyroidism can occur in PHP1A patients at birth many years before PTH resistance becomes clinically apparent. Although such cases appear to be rare, some pediatric patients with unexplained CH are likely to benefit from measuring calcium, phosphorus, and PTH for extended periods of time.
Intraoral versus Extraoral Measurement of the Height of the Interproximal Contact Area in Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Sghaireen Mohd G. , Albhiran Heyam Mobark , Alzoubi Ibrahim A. , Lynch Edward , AL-Omiri Mahmoud K.
Published: January 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to clinically quantify the apicoincisal height of the upper interproximal areas directly in patients' mouths compared to measurements on stone models. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and fifty participants (75 females and 75 males, age range 20-45 years) were recruited for this study. A digital caliper was used to measure the anterior maxillary interproximal contact areas directly in patients' mouths and on stone models. The digital caliper accuracy was up to 0.01. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS, version 19.0, Chicago, Ill., USA) was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was based on probability values <0.05. Results: The intraoral measurement of proximal contacts as well as the measurement on stone models showed that the dimensions of interproximal contacts on both sides of each tooth were significantly different (p < 0.001) and that the dimension of the mesial contact point was larger than that of the distal contact point of each tooth. The largest contact point was the one between the central incisors (direct intraoral measurement = 2.9-6.49 mm; model measurement = 3.31-6.91 mm). On the other hand, the contact point between the canine and first premolar was the smallest on both sides of the arch (0.63-2.52 mm intraorally, 0.98-2.88 mm on models). The intraoral measurement of contact points was more accurate than model measurements, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The clinical evaluation of contact point dimensions using a digital caliper was more precise than measuring contact points on stone models; hence, it is a viable, quick and adequate method to be used routinely.
Epigenetic Profile of Human Adventitial Progenitor Cells Correlates With Therapeutic Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Limb Ischemia
Authors: Gubernator Miriam , Slater Sadie C. , Spencer Helen L. , Spiteri Inmaculada , Sottoriva Andrea , Riu Federica , Rowlinson Jonathan , Avolio Elisa , Katare Rajesh , Mangialardi Giuseppe , Oikawa Atsuhiko , Reni Carlotta , Campagnolo Paola , Spinetti Gaia , Touloumis Anestis , Tavaré Simon , Prandi Francesca , Pesce Maurizio , Hofner Manuela , Klemens Vierlinger , Emanueli Costanza , Angelini Gianni , Madeddu Paolo
Published: January 2015

Objective—

We investigated the association between the functional, epigenetic, and expressional profile of human adventitial progenitor cells (APCs) and therapeutic activity in a model of limb ischemia.

Approach and Results—

Antigenic and functional features were analyzed throughout passaging in 15 saphenous vein (SV)–derived APC lines, of which 10 from SV leftovers of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and 5 from varicose SV removal. Moreover, 5 SV-APC lines were transplanted (8×10
5
cells, IM) in mice with limb ischemia. Blood flow and capillary and arteriole density were correlated with functional characteristics and DNA methylation/expressional markers of transplanted cells. We report successful expansion of tested lines, which reached the therapeutic target of 30 to 50 million cells in ≈10 weeks. Typical antigenic profile, viability, and migratory and proangiogenic activities were conserved through passaging, with low levels of replicative senescence. In vivo, SV-APC transplantation improved blood flow recovery and revascularization of ischemic limbs. Whole genome screening showed an association between DNA methylation at the promoter or gene body level and microvascular density and to a lesser extent with blood flow recovery. Expressional studies highlighted the implication of an angiogenic network centered on the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor as a predictor of microvascular outcomes.
FLT-1
gene silencing in SV-APCs remarkably reduced their ability to form tubes in vitro and support tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells, thus confirming the importance of this signaling in SV-APC angiogenic function.

Conclusions—

DNA methylation landscape illustrates different therapeutic activities of human APCs. Epigenetic screening may help identify determinants of therapeutic vasculogenesis in ischemic disease.
Relationship Between White Matter Hyperintensities, Cortical Thickness, and Cognition
Authors: Tuladhar Anil M. , Reid Andrew T. , Shumskaya Elena , de Laat Karlijn F. , van Norden Anouk G.W. , van Dijk Ewoud J. , Norris David G. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik
Published: January 2015

Background and Purpose—

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with clinically heterogeneous symptoms that cannot be explained by these lesions alone. It is hypothesized that these lesions are associated with distant cortical atrophy and cortical thickness network measures, which can result in an additional cognitive impairment. Here, we investigated the relationships between WMH, cortical thickness, and cognition in subjects with cerebral small vessel disease.

Methods—

A total of 426 subjects with cerebral small vessel disease were included, aged between 50 and 85 years, without dementia, and underwent MRI scanning. Cortical thickness analysis was performed, and WMH were manually segmented. Graph theory was applied to examine the relationship between network measures and WMH, and structural covariance matrices were constructed using inter-regional cortical thickness correlations.

Results—

Higher WMH load was related to lower cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions, whereas in paracentral regions, this was related to higher cortical thickness. Network analyses revealed that measures of network disruption were associated with WMH and cognitive performance. Furthermore, WMH in specific white matter tracts were related to regional-specific cortical thickness and network measures. Cognitive performances were related to cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions and network measures, and not to WMH, while controlling for cortical thickness.

Conclusions—

These cross-sectional results suggest that cortical changes (regional-specific damage and network breakdown), mediated (in)directly by WMH (tract-specific damage) and other factors (eg, vascular risk factors), might lead to cognitive decline. These findings have implications in understanding the relationship between WMH, cortical morphology, and the possible attendant cognitive decline and eventually dementia.
Peasant Movements and State Elites in Post-New Order West Java: A Case Study of Sundanese Peasant Union
Authors: Anugrah Iqra
Published: January 2015

This article is an examination of the case study of the Sundanese Peasant Union (Serikat Petani Pasundan,spp) in post-authoritarian Indonesia. It aims to answer the question of whysppand West Javanese peasant movements in general are able to force local and national state elites to accommodate some elements of agrarian reforms promoted by the peasants. I argue that the new political opportunity structure provides a new opportunity for West Javanese peasant movements andsppto organize as a successful social movement.
Beauty and Benevolence: A History of the Cosmetics Industry’s Globalization through Philanthropy
Authors: Sippel Hope
Published: January 2015

This research demonstrates how after World Warii, theuscosmetics industry was able to feminize cultural imperialism by using philanthropic efforts in order to expand its influence within the global market. This article presents four important frameworks in order to understand the role of capitalism, consumerism, and the cosmetics industry in a global arena: first, the cosmetics industry’s increased globalization after World Wari; second, the emergence of corporate social responsibility and philanthropy; third, selling products and advertising through philanthropy; fourth, the use of beauty and cosmetics as a way to employ a softer side of western cultural imperialism.
The Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and us Human Rights Policy in a Changing World
Authors: Aka Philip C.
Published: January 2015

To stem its diminishing dominance in the international political and economic system, the us must re-establish its leadership in international human rights. A starting point in that journey will be to streamline the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices published annually by the State Department. This article presents several avenues for such improvement, but posits that lasting improvement will come only if the us abandons the national arrogance of exceptionalism that, even in the age of Obama, still drives its human rights policy.
Challenges to Positive Leadership in us Higher Education: Lessons from us Political Economy
Authors: Mitic Radomir Ray
Published: January 2015

us higher education has maintained a hegemonic position in global higher education despite reduced public spending in the us and the rise of global access in places such as China. The reasons include: English as lingua franca for study and research, expanding access (e.g. for-profit institutions), and technology adaptation (e.g. moocs). This article presents the argument that while this hegemony exists, us higher education has a responsibility to be a positive social force so that it does not face the backlash and loss in confidence the us has faced recently due to severe economic downturns and lengthy failed overseas military endeavors.
Shallow-water stenopodidean and caridean shrimps from Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil: new records and updated checklist
Authors: SOLEDADE GUIDOMAR O. , FONSECA MYTALLE S. , ALMEIDA ALEXANDRE O.
Published: January 2015

This study deals with a recent collection of stenopodidean and caridean shrimps made in the Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil, in July and August 2013. Sampling was carried out in the vicinity of Ilha de Santa Bárbara (17°57’49”S 38°41’53”W). Specimens were obtained by hand or using small hand nets in tide pools or under rocks in the intertidal zone. Part of the material was collected by scuba diving in the shallow subtidal, to a maximum depth of 11 m. We obtained a total of 18 species, 12 of which are reported for the first time for the Abrolhos and 4 as new records for the state of Bahia. The distributions of Microprosthema semilaeve (von Martens, 1872), Typton gnathophylloides Holthuis, 1951, Alpheus verrilli (Schmitt, 1924) and Alpheopsis cf. trigona (Rathbun, 1901) are extended from their previously known ranges. The occurrence of Automate cf. rectifrons Chace, 1972 on the Brazilian coast is confirmed. We thus provide an updated checklist of stenopodidean (2 species) and caridean (29 species) shrimps from the Abrolhos Archipelago, incorporating and critically evaluating previous records.
Osteology of Atelopus muisca (Anura, Bufonidae) from Colombia
Authors: HOYOS JULIO MARIO , MEDINA PAOLA , SCHOCH PAULETTE
Published: January 2015

The first comprehensive description of the skeleton of Atelopus muisca Rueda-Almonacid & Hoyos, 1991 (Bufonidae, Anura) from the Chingaza Natural National Park (Colombia) is provided, and comparisons with some characters described for this species by Coloma and related frogs of the group A. ignescens are done. The humerus of male presenting more developed crista ventralis and crista lateralis, and the articulation of the frontoparietal bones showed the presence of sexual dimorphism. These are character not described for species of the genus Atelopus belonging to the group A. ignescens. A. ignescens. Among the other osteological characters we did not find unique feature for the species.