bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maize response to time of nitrogen application and planting seasons
Authors: Adhikari Parbati , Baral Bandhu Raj , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2016

Nitrogen (N) response by maize differs due to growing seasons, growth stages, duration and growing domain as N losses is higher due to leaching as well as volatilization. Objective of this study was to know the response of split applications of N and growing seasons on maize under Chitwan environments. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at the research field of NMRP Rampur during the winter, spring, and summer seasons of 2012/013 and 2013/014. Experiments were laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with four replications for all the seasons. Early maturing maize genotype Arun-1 EV was used for the experiments. Five splits of recommended dose of N were tested. Grain yield, days to flowering, plant height, ear height, kernel rows per ear, no. of kernels per row, ear length and thousand grain weight significantly differed due to growing seasons and split applications of N. Significantly higher grain yield (3911 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of 30 kg N ha-1 each at 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing as compared to control (2801 kg ha-1). Regarding the growing seasons, highest grain yield was obtained in winter (4393 kg ha-1) followed by spring (3791 kg ha-1) and summer (2468 kg ha-1) season, respectively. Results of these studies  revealed that four splits of N viz. application of 30 kg N each at 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing respectively, would be more economical to minimize N losses from the soil and efficient use of N at critical growth and development stages of maize.
Evaluation of maize genotypes for Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) in Terai and inner terai of Nepal
Authors: Rijal Tirtha Raj , KC Govind , Koirala Kesab Babu , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2016

Thirty maize genotypes in 2014-2015 at Dumarwana, Nijgadh, Keureni and Rampur and ten genotypes in 2015-2016 at Anandpur, Shitalnagar, Dumarwana, Nijgadh and Rampur were evaluated for resistance to Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) under farmers field conditions. The scale used for disease severity ranged from 1-5 scale based on the proportionate leaf area affected by the disease. The combined analysis over locations in 2014-2015 showed that among the 30 genotypes 25 genotypes were resistant (1.0-2.0 scale), and 5 genotypes were moderately resistant (2.1-3.0 scale). Similarly the pooled analysis over locations in 2015-2016 showed that 7 genotypes were resistant (1.0-2.0 scale) and 3 genotypes were moderately resistant (2.1-3.0 scale). The maize genotypes namely Z376-26, Z478-3, Z433-99, Z464-5, Z478-2, Z466-1, CAH1513, RML-95/RML-96, CAH1515, CAH1521, CAH1515, CAH151, CAH153, ZH114228 , Z376-9, Z466-3, Z376-5, RML-32/RML-17, RML-86/RML-96 and 900MGold were resistant with disease severity scale of 1.5 and with higher grain yield in both the years. Thus above genotypes were identified as promising sources of resistance against E. turcicum and they can be used to develop disease resistant and high yielding varieties to enhance maize productivity in terai and inner terai of Nepal.
Molecular Aspects of Human Body’s Intelligently Designed Complex Living System
Authors: Singh Arambam Giridhari
Published: December 2016

No abstract available.
Incidence and Susceptibility of Uropathogens Isolated among the Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Chaudhari Bigu Kumar , Singh Ganesh Kumar , Parajuli Kamal Prasad , Shrestha Kewal
Published: December 2016

Background Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases which affect almost all ages groups of population. Production of â-lactamases is responsible for antibacterial resistance which is frequently observed in Enterobacteriaceae isolates, particularly by E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This investigation has been carried out to determine the current status of prevalence and susceptibility of uropathogens isolated among the patients at tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.Material and Methods This study was done at the department of Microbiology, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal during May 1st 2015 to October 31st 2015. Midstream cleancatch urine was sampled from 1730 suspected urinary tract infection patients of different age and sex groups. Uropathogens were recognized in term of standard and specific microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results Out of 1730 suspected specimens Culture resulted a total of 761 (43.98 %) positive and 969 (56.02%) negative among that significant growths of uropathogens including 700 (91.98 %) unimicrobial and 60 (7.88 %) polymicrobial growths. In term of Gender distribution 443 (25.60 %) were male and 1287 (74.40 %) were female hence the ratio is 0.34:1, respectively. E. coli was the leading isolate (66 %), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12 %), Enterococcus spp. (8 %), Pseudomonas spp. (6 %), Acinetobacter anitratus (5 %), Proteus spp. (3 %).Conclusion The high frequency of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens was seen. Principally, resistance patterns were seen higher for amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, flouroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, Existing uropathogens highlights the highest rate of vulnerability to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and gentamicin which provide much better antibiotic coverage and can be adapted for practical treatment of urinary tract infections.  Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 51-55
Evaluation of Serum Creatinine in Hypertensive Patient
Authors: Yadav Shekhar Chandra
Published: December 2016

Background The study is carried out to evaluate serum creatinine in hypertensive patients in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.Material and Methods The study was carried out on total 100 subjects, with a) Case groups (Hypertensive Subjects), n= 50 b) Control groups (Non-Hypertensive Subjects), n=50 with no present and past family history of hypertension, in the Department of Biochemistry, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from 21st March 2013 to 30th july2014, after Institutional Ethical Approval. venous blood sample was collected and sample was analysed for serum creatinine level by Jaffe’s method.Result serum creatinine is significantly increased in case group with the Mean of 1.17±0.25 when compared to control group Mean of 1.05±0.14 with p= 0.002. Thus, showing a suggestive significant of serum creatinine levels in cases when compared to control group.Conclusion The hypertensive patients have significant alteration in serum creatinine level and are likely to developed chronic kidney disease. Thus, it is indicated to have serum creatinine estimation in daily clinical practice. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 56-59
"Canadian Classic" and "Commodity Export": The Nationalism of "Our" Anne of Green Gables
Authors: Devereux Cecily
Published: December 2016

L.M. Montgomery's 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables is one of the most popular English-Canadian novels ever. It should not be surprising, then, that over the past two decades its heroine, Anne Shirley, has been elevated to the status of a “national icon.” But Anne is also a major “commodity export” that circulates and is fundamentally transformed in a range of extra-national contexts: “Our Anne” becomes another kind of cultural property in other contexts where “she” takes on a national specificity that is not “Canadian.” This article situates Anne's iconic value in English Canada in relation to the ideas of nationalism that should be seen to underpin Anne's narrative, and discusses the novel's putative “Canadianness” in relation to its longstanding global circulation.
Repoliticizing Globalization in Canada: From the MAI To Seattle
Authors: Smythe Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

This article examines the impact of globalization on Canadian sovereignty and democracy through a study of the re-emergence of a political debate over international trade and investment rules. Using case studies of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment and the World trade Organization's failed ministerial meeting in Seattle, it shows how, despite the claim that globalization limits sovereignty and democracy, a transnational opposition movement has developed, aided by new information technology. Given the history of Canada's national debate over continental economic integration the issue of globalization has great resonance, and Canadian non-governmental organizations have been a major part of the opposition to . As a consequence, traditional executive-dominated Canadian trade policy-making, where government consults with a narrowly defined group of business and economic stakeholders, as come under attack, resulting in a greater role for parliamentary committees and non-governmental organizations in the process.
Confusing and Conflicting Agendas: Federalism, Official Languages and the Development of the Bilingualism in Education Program in Ontario, 1970-1983
Authors: Hayday Matthew
Published: December 2016

The Bilingualism in Education Program began in 1970 as a federal government initiative to promote official minority language education and second-language instruction in the provinces. This article, a study of the development of language policy under the Trudeau government, examines the evolution of the progran1me over its first 13 years of operation in the province of Ontario. Over this period, friction developed between the federal and provincial governments and the Franco-Ontarian lobby groups as the programme evolved away from the original objectives of the federal government. Constrained by provincial jurisdiction over education under the Canadian federal system, Ottawa was unable to control the implementation of this programme. Consequently, the progran1me grew to cater more to the interests of the anglophone majority of Ontario, than to its francophone minority. As the negotiation process proceeded, issues of control and finance came to take precedence, while pedagogical issues tended to fall by the wayside.
The Maple Leaf (Gardens) Forever: Sex, Canadian Historians and National History
Authors: Maynard Steven
Published: December 2016

As the Canadian battle between national and social historians rages on, the author argues that the history of sexuality is national history. In this manoeuvre through Canada's history wars, the author recruits for his troops, among others, Kate Millet, Butch Bouchard, Michel Foucault, Charlotte Whitton, A.R.M. Lower and Pierre Berton.
Ally or Colonizer?: the Federal State, the Cree Nation and the James Bay Agreement
Authors: Rynard Paul
Published: December 2016

The James Bay Agreement is the only "comprehensive land claim" that has an implementation history and also covers an area where provincial governments control lands and resources. As such it represents an important test-case for evaluating government pledges on Aboriginal rights. This paper reviews selected aspects of the implementation of the Agreement, providing an update on earlier works. The discussion is limited to the James Bay Crees and deals primarily with the federal state. The analysis reviews the government record while also attempting to account for the resistance to recognizing Cree rights. It is argued that the role and priorities of the state in Canadian capitalist society must be emphasized: treaty obligations which restrain capitalist development or which establish expensive precedents are chronically ignored. Aboriginal rights are generally subordinate to other public policy priorities, and as a result distinct cultures are threatened
From Corporatism to Associationalism: Linking State and Society, and Deepening Democracy, in the Canadian Polity
Authors: Haddow Rodney
Published: December 2016

Canada has had less experience than most developed nations with efforts to deepen democratic accountability through formal state-society links in policy-making and implementation. Nevertheless, experiments with such mechanisms have become more common since the early 1990s. This article examines these and assesses their future prospects. Reforms have either been corporatist, implying a careful balancing of business and labour interests in arrangements that mirror those created in some Western European nations; or associational, smaller in scale and more flexible in design. The impediments to successful corporatist initiatives are substantial in Canada; they are rooted in the country’s Westminister style of parliamentarism and in a societal setting where class organizations are fragmented and organized labour relatively weak. Consequently, there has been a trend towards associational reforms in recent years, or towards corporatist initiatives that are modest in scale. With the partial exception of Quebec, only efforts of this type have had much chance of success. While even smaller scale initiatives often fail, the article argues that they address important “compatibility problems” encountered by governments in Canada today. Consequently, we are likely to see more of them in the future.
Fumes, Forests and Further Studies: Environmental Science and Policy Inaction in Ontario
Authors: Munton Don
Published: December 2016

Conclusions about the role of scientific knowledge in shaping environmental policy, such as the acid rain case, have tended to focus on contemporary events and to suggest the responsiveness of governments to scientific research. This article looks instead at the scientific evidence of acidification problems in Ontario prior to the 1970s, indeed back to the 1920s, and considers the lack of governmental response to a mounting body of scientific evidence over the twentieth century regarding forest damage from sulphur fumes. Until the 1970s the evidence was consistently disregarded or set aside by policy-makers intent on ensuring the Ontario smelter industry continue in unrestricted fashion. This case study reveals how science, rather than be an effective influence for such change, can be ignored in the making of public policy and how further research can displace policy change.
Politics, Science and the Spruce Budworm in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
Authors: Sandberg L. Anders , Clancy Peter
Published: December 2016

This article explores the intersection of forestry science, politics and public policy in the case of the spruce budworm in Maritime Canada. It portrays a complex interplay of science and policy in environmental politics, and it seeks to explain the differential responses to the threat the budworm has posed to the wood supply over the past half century. It presents distinct and contrasting syndromes at work in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Particular attention is paid to the role of the forest science community in the two provinces. A close examination reveals both a politics of science (the political and economic forces exerted on science), and a science politics (a conflict realm within research), as interrelated yet distinctive influences. Each case displays a separate logic together with powerful feedback loops between scientific viewpoints, ecology, and policy choice. The recognition that broader forces shape the formulations and application of forestry science carries potential lessons for future analysis.
Principle for Profit: The Functional Principle and the Development of Canadian Foreign Policy, 1943-1947
Authors: Chapnick Adam
Published: December 2016

Canadian Foreign policy after the Second World War is often said to have been based on the functional principle, the idea that state participation in international affairs be determined on an issue by issue basis, contingent upon the state’s interests, its prior contribution and its capacity for further involvement. This article argues that the significance of the functional principle in wartime and postwar Canadian foreign policy has been much exaggerated. Foreign policy was determined less by a calculation of universal morality than by a clear conception of Canadian self-interest.
Putting the Cart Before the Horse: A Review of Biotechnology Policy in Canada
Authors: Abergel Elisabeth , Barrett Katherine
Published: December 2016

The rapid introduction and seemingly favourable adoption of biotechnology products in Canada conceals important controversies associated with the technology and its regulatory oversight. In this essay the authors trace the development of Canadian biotechnology policy from the early 1980s to the present. Their analysis reveals that support for research and development preceded implementation of a regulatory framework by about 10 years - and preceded serious consideration of public concerns and social and ethical issues by more than 15 years. The authors suggest that this sequence of policy developments has contributed significantly to currently polarized views of the safety and overall acceptability of genetically modified crops and food.
The Production of Knowledge in Canada: Consolidation and Diversification
Authors: Godin Benoît , Doré Christian , Larivière Vincent
Published: December 2016

The Canadian innovation system is composed of four main sectors: university, hospital, government and industry. This essay analyzes each sector’s strengths and weaknesses in terms of its scientific production. The authors show that Canadian science is increasingly produced in international collaboration and that all sectors are collaborating increasingly with each other.
Looking at “The Gold Sun”; or, The Glosa’s Glasses
Authors: Stacey Robert David
Published: December 2016

Tracing the intertextual relations of “The Gold Sun” from Hologram, P.K. Page’s 1994 collection of glosas, this essay explores the evolution of Page’s poetic philosophy in relation to her “vision of vision.” It focusses, in particular, on the poet’s exploitation of the formal properties of the glosa - which takes the quatrain of another poet as its inspiration and starting point - as a means of summing up her own poetic career. The basis of “The Gold Sun” is Wallace Steven’s “Credences of Summer” (1946) which embodies an unresolved tension between the desire for a fully autonomous art and a more subjective (and necessarily “flawed”) poetics. “The Gold Sun” resolves this crisis, revealing Page’s solution to a similar problem in her own career, by re-enacting the shift in her work from an autotelic and objective poetics to a more contingent and dialogical one. Reflecting this transition, the poem’s initial idea of seeing as “revelation” is gradually displaced by a vision of mutual recognition.
Anthologizing P.K. Page: The Case of a Protean Poet
Authors: Rose Marilyn J.
Published: December 2016

In making their selections from the published poetry of P.K. Page, literary anthologists have produced a canon of sorts, a remarkably consistent body of work that is clearly intended to be seen as representative of her voice and vision. Such anthological selections, however, too often appear to owe as much to habit and genealogy as to critical alertness to shifts in her evolving poetic practice. An examination of the way Page’s work has been anthologized over the past century suggests that a broader representation of her work, which more generously responds to the Protean nature of her output over the past half-century, is needed in our time - and indeed that such a shift has begun to occur in the early years of the twenty-first century.
Hidden Out in the Open: Editing and Reading P.K. Page’s The Hidden Room
Authors: Dragland Stan
Published: December 2016

“Hidden Out in the Open” details the provenance, and the collaborative process of editing, P.K. Page’s “collected poems,” The Hidden Room. It goes on to stress, in various phases of the argument, the usefulness of Page’s poetry, whether because of its compassionate embrace of society’s misfits and artists, or because of its passionate pressing of concern for the health of planet earth. The case for usefulness and relevance rests on a careful reading of the metaphors and symbols with which Page intermeshes the small and sublunary with the movement of the cosmos itself. In this she follows, and renders fully contemporary, ancient figures of microcosmic/macrocosmic wholes. Page’s poems are compact models of ecological integrity which are expansive and dynamic, whose open-hiddenness (enigmatic clarity), requires and cultivates extremely active readers.
Taptoo!: Telling Tales and Making it Up in Canada
Authors: Cook Ramsay
Published: December 2016

The Opera, Taptoo! Lyrics by James Reaney and music by John Beckwith, recounts the history of the early years of Upper Canada from the founding of the Colony to the War of 1812. Most of the events are familiar and the characters recognizable, but some central figures and actions are creations of Reaney’s imagination. The narrative weaves together Biblical allusions, the Loyalist tradition and the Iroquoian-speaking people’s creation myth of the world on the back of the turtle, moving from history to collective memory. While the focus of history is on re-creating the past, myth and memory use the past to explain the present and shape the future, to create a collective memory. It is this potpourri of the past, myth, memory and history that the author explores in this comment on Taptoo!
L’histoire littéraire d’un « pays incertain » Le cas du Québec
Authors: Robert Lucie
Published: December 2016

Le présent article offre quelques réflexions sur les enjeux de l’histoire littéraire, telle qu’elle s’écrit dans le cadre d’une littérature dite “ mineure ”, ce qui est le cas de la littérature québécoise. Par comparaison avec l’histoire littéraire qui s’écrit en France, les histoires littéraires publiées au Québec présentent, depuis la toute pemière (le Répertoire national de James Huston, 1848) un certain nombre de traits singuliers : le débat sur son origine et sa qualification, le souci d’exhaustivité, la primauté accordée au corpus contemporain et la volonté de faire œuvre utile. L’étude des principaux ouvrages d’histoire littéraire québécois (anthologies, dictionnaires, synthèses) nous amène à considérer l’histoire littéraire comme un lieu de mémoire, au sens où l’entend Pierre Nora, mais peut-être davantage comme un lieu qui assurerait la mémoire d’un “ pays incertain ”, selon l’expression de Jacques Ferron, que celle d’une Littérature qui aurait atteint un statut canonique.
“If We Would Read It Aright”: Traill’s “Ladder to Heaven”
Authors: Steffler Margaret , Steffler Neil
Published: December 2016

This essay examines ways in which Catharine Parr Traill’s references to plants reveal her personal, philosophical, cultural, social, and moral views, while conveying her own conscious and unconscious feelings about the conflict involved in her position as a colonizing and colonized woman in the Canadian landscape. Traill’s references are introduced and contextualized through a discussion of examples of the plants and flowers described and used by the other “bush ladies”: Anna Jameson, Susanna Moodie, and Anne Langton.
Quality of Place and the Rescaling of Urban Governance: The Case of Toronto
Authors: Hanna Kevin S. , Walton-Roberts Margaret
Published: December 2016

Globalization is best described as a complex process embodying conditions of instant communication and the rapid movement of people, goods, and ideas. Aligned with this process is a reorganization of state and society that some geographers have referred to as “rescaling”—a reconfiguration of the spatial scales at which governance occurs. The emerging landscapes of a rescaled global economy reveal not a diminishing role for the local, but rather the resurgence of place—cities—as deterritorialized centres of global control. The prominence of these command and control nodes within a global post-industrial economy is increasingly being linked to discourses of economic efficiency. Using the case of Toronto, Canada, the authors interpret changing governance structures as evidence of a rescaling process that has seen resources and responsibilities move in opposite directions, to the detriment of the quality of place in the city. Rhetorical calls for global competitiveness have led to a withering of the state’s role in providing the context for the emergence of locally enriched social and cultural environments. The case of Toronto reveals a spatial paradox where changes in governance aimed at enhancing global competitiveness have actually diminished the local qualities cities depend upon to sustain such advantage. None the less, economic competitiveness and quality of place need not necessarily work in opposition, and we advance a general planning framework to balance these desires.
Contexts in Conflict: Public and Private Components of Assessment in Ethical Judgements
Authors: Mancuso Maureen
Published: December 2016

Based on complementary survey and focus group data on Canadian mass attitudes, this essay examines the effects of changing contexts—public versus private—on the assessment of ethically charged political behaviour. In general, acts seen as public will face harsher scrutiny and more stringent expectations than those deemed to be private matters. The divide between public and private realms is not, however, a simple, linear border, but rather one that shifts and extends along multiple conceptual dimensions, depending upon the details of the activity being assessed and the context of the observer. Locating this boundary more precisely can enhance understanding of ethical priorities.
Hurricane Hazel: Disaster Relief, Politics, and Society in Canada, 1954-55
Authors: Robinson Danielle , Cruikshank Ken
Published: December 2016

On Friday 16 October 1954, Hurricane Hazel generated flash floods in the watersheds surrounding Toronto. Flooding destroyed bridges, engulfed trailer parks and residential areas, and swept automobiles, trailers, cottages and homes into the strong current. In this essay, the authors explore the ways that the federal and provincial governments interacted with voluntary organizations and local governments to deal with the immediate crisis produced by Hazel’s floods, and how they negotiated the lengthy process of restoration. The responses of those governments tell us much about the social and environmental assumptions as well as the political capacity of Canadian society in the mid-1950s. The federal and provincial governments immediately promised action, but then reluctantly became involved in reconstruction, leaving as much responsibility as possible to voluntary organizations and local governments. A tropical storm travelling through the province of Ontario was a relatively rare event, yet ultimately government officials did not respond to the Hazel disaster as a random, chance event. Instead, the conservation movement and local authorities pressured governments to see the hurricane flooding not as a natural disaster, but as a tragedy, which human decisions had helped precipitate, and which, in the future, human decisions might alleviate.
Landscapes of Sport, Landscapes of Exclusion: The “Sportsman’s Paradise” in Late-Nineteenth-Century Canadian Painting
Authors: Jessup Lynda
Published: December 2016

This essay deals with a group of late-nineteenth-century landscape paintings that were painted for members of the sportsmen’s club movement, who leased salmon rivers in Atlantic Canada for sport fishing. In Canada, as elsewhere, the removal of Native rights to the animal world, through the introduction of policies and laws restricting hunting and fishing technologies and access, went hand in hand with the aesthetic appropriation of the environment as landscape. For this reason it can be argued that in picturing Atlantic Canada as the recreational landscape of these elite tourists—“a sportsman’s paradise”— paintings of the region are also products of the history of Native exclusion from the Atlantic salmon fishery. Thus they provide a point of access to the complex history of Native-settler interaction for public art galleries in Canada currently involved in the incorporation of Native North American material into the existing public narrative of Canadian art.
New Approaches to Canadian Literary Archives
Authors: Hobbs Catherine
Published: December 2016

The author considers literary archives in English Canada today from the points of view of writers, archivists, and scholars. The concept of creative writers as writers of intention is introduced with the suggestion that archivists should adapt archival tools to incorporate writers’ intention and capture their relationship to their documents.
The Almost Accidental Archive and its Impact on Literary Subjects and Canonicity
Authors: Tector Amy
Published: December 2016

The essay will explore the influence of archival selection on the construction of the Canadian literary canon. The author will discuss her experience acquiring the papers of twentieth-century author and journalist Wilfrid Eggleston for Library and Archives Canada. Amongst the Eggleston material were manuscripts by his wife, Magdalena. Writing from the 1940s to the 1970s, Magdalena achieved little critical notice or publishing success. When the Eggleston fonds came to Library and Archives Canada, however, the decision was made to keep her writing as an example of an unsuccessful author’s work. This essay will attempt to answer some of the questions raised by this archival selection: does Magdalena’s inclusion in Library and Archives Canada’s holdings, alongside such prominent authors as Robertson Davies and Carol Shields, change her importance to Canadian literature? Will she one day be “reclaimed” as a great talent by virtue of her work being archived and available for researchers? Finally, does a national heritage institution hold any responsibility in the documentation of the careers of unknown writers?
John A. MacDonald and the Bottle
Authors: Martin Ged
Published: December 2016

Many Canadians recall John A. Macdonald as a politician with an alcohol problem. This view of a key architect of Confederation affects perceptions of national identity and inhibits biographical analysis. Macdonald had a serious but intermittent drink problem for 20 years from 1856. It is unhelpful to relate this to the medical concept of “alcoholism,” although he was a recurrent binge drinker; however, he was not consistently drunk. Recognition of his problem underlines the ability that enabled him to survive politically. A secure marriage plus growing public disapproval of inebriation in the 1870s probably explain his changed behaviour.
The Centennial Voyageur Canoe Pageantas Historical Re-enactment
Authors: Dean Misao
Published: December 2016

The Centennial Voyageur Canoe Pageant was one of the most successful events of Canada’s Centennial year, garnering extensive radio, newspaper, and television coverage, and involving many small northern communities in centennial celebrations. Ten teams representing eight provinces and two territories took part in the race, which left Rocky Mountain House in Alberta on 24 May 1967 and arrived at the Expo site in Montreal on 4 September. Many of the participants were drawn from the ranks of the professional canoe racing circuit and focussed on winning the race; however, organizers and publicists represented the race as re-enacting a specific nationalist historiography that portrayed the voyageurs as “the founders of Canada” and legitimized Canada itself as a culturally and geographically unified nation.
“Panthers or Thieves”: Racialized Knowledge and the Regulation of Africville
Authors: Nelson Jennifer J.
Published: December 2016

This essay addresses the multiple and interlocking ways in which the criminalization and racialization of the poor, Black community of Africville, Nova Scotia, contributed centrally to its destruction by the City of Halifax during the 1960s. The essay examines a variety of dominant sources, including urban planning studies, academic projects, media reports, and city-commissioned documents that together comprise a body of racialized knowledge about Africville and Black communities in general in this era. This body of knowledge, the author argues, employs discourses of racial inferiority, criminality, and social deviance of the poor, to construct the community as a slum in need of removal.
Fractured Bodies and Diseased Societies: Medicalizing Quebec in Cité libre
Authors: Robert Julie
Published: December 2016

This essay seeks to rationalize and explain the evolution of medical rhetoric in Cité libre by looking at trends in the journal’s use of tropes of illness and disease. Through a combination of broad content analysis and close readings, it contrasts how individual metaphors create the impression of a sickening nation and the manner in which these metaphors collectively, albeit paradoxically, act as a national allegory of cure for mid-twentieth-century Quebec’s social ills in general, and specifically for its pathological inferiority complex. By examining how the journal uses medical metaphors and specifically how the writers employed the trope of the body politic to illustrate Quebec’s national failings, the essay demonstrates how Quebec challenges the rhetorical stability of the age-old metaphor as it attempts to solve, but also creates, problems within Quebec’s articulation of its own nationhood.
“Mr. Burk Is Most Interested in Their Welfare”: J.G. Burk’s Campaign to Help the Anishinabeg of Northwestern Ontario, 1923-53
Authors: Kuhlberg Mark
Published: December 2016

Although there is a small but growing body of literature on Euro-Canadians who acted “with good intentions” towards the First Nations (Haig-Brown and Nock 2006), precious little has been written about those within the ranks of the Department of Indian Affairs who acted benevolently towards the Aboriginal peoples. James Gerry Burk, Indian agent for the Anishinabeg of the western Lake Superior region for three decades (1923-53), was one such individual. He chose to ignore the department’s prevailing racist ideology in favour of nurturing the incipient desire for industry and enterprise that he saw first-hand among the Aboriginal constituents of his agency. In the process, he was compelled to overcome numerous obstacles that Indian Affairs placed in his way. As a result, Burk’s career stands as a glowing testament to the indomitable spirit of one departmental official’s commitment to assisting the Aboriginal peoples.
Merging the Private Past with Public Perception: John Hines’s Missionary Journals and The Red Indians of the Plains
Authors: Johns Daniel
Published: December 2016

By writing the story of his life as a missionary in the Canadian North West twice, 40 years apart and in two different forms, John Hines provides the historian with an opportunity to consider the creative process in history by questioning why Hines’s perception of events varied. In the field journals, Hines wrote for himself and his employers. Forty years later, he faced different considerations. He wrote his autobiography to appeal to a reading audience conditioned to expect a product that conformed to an established genre of missionary biography. A different historical reality had emerged by 1915. Hines redefined events to match the emerged government policy and the anticipated future of Aboriginal peoples in Canadian society. The narrative forms imposed on Hines are more than poetic imagination as they reflect history itself.
A Castle of One’s Own: Interactivity in Chatelaine Magazine, 1928-35
Authors: Grove Jaleen
Published: December 2016

Chatelaine promoted maternal feminism with a variety of illustrated content, garnering mixed results. Hand-drawn imagery in 1928 connoted both individual expression and collective national identity. Readers’ material interaction with illustration developed their self-direction, critical judgement, and creativity in how they received editorial, advertising, and aesthetic messages. This made the magazine popular and gave it counterpublic potential. Unfortunately, Chatelaine—an important employer of women at first—replaced much of the illustration by female artists with men’s work and generic photographs after 1932. Ironically, Chatelaine’s celebration of essentialized femininity in pictures and other texts contributed to the exclusion of women from “masculine” illustration jobs, even as such imagery also brought women together in solidarity.
The New West? Western Canadian Region-Building in the 2000s
Authors: Berdahl Loleen
Published: December 2016

Between 2003 and 2010, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan signed numerous policy co-ordination agreements, including, most notably, the New West Partnership Agreement. This essay details how these three western provinces expanded regional policy coordination, and demonstrates that efforts were focussed on facilitating internal trade and labour mobility, realizing cost-savings, and promoting international marketing and trade expansion. The essay suggests that decentralization and ideological congruence among the participating governments motivated them to pursue policy co-ordination and argues that although the provincial governments claim that regional policy co-ordination will result in economic growth, increased international investment, and a stronger united voice for the region, Western Canadian regional policy co-ordination efforts will likely have only limited impact upon the region’s economy and its political influence within Canadian federalism.
Placing the Poor: The Ecology of Poverty in Postwar Urban Canada
Authors: Stanger-Ross Jordan , Ross Hildy S.
Published: December 2016

An emergent social science literature emphasizes the growth of pockets of poverty in Canadian cities, which, many argue, leave our most economically marginalized urbanites increasingly isolated. Exploring the ecology of poverty in 10 Canadian urban areas (Halifax, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa-Hull, Toronto, Hamilton, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Calgary, and Vancouver) since 1961, the authors offer a more tempered view of recent changes to Canadian cities. While there has been some growth in localized poverty, the larger story is continuity over time and the residential integration of the poor. Canadian cities have long been places where a minority of the poor resides in neighbourhoods of concentrated poverty, but the large majority lives amongst neighbours of greater means. These realities, the authors argue, might fruitfully redirect approaches to urban poverty in Canada, especially by demonstrating the importance of poverty in integrated residential settings.
To Market, To Market: Innovation, Canada’s Nuclear Industry, and the Case of the Nuclear Battery
Authors: Slater Ian J.
Published: December 2016

Atomic Energy Canada Limited pursued the development of a small-scale nuclear reactor intended for use in the North Warning System during the height of the Cold War. This reactor, known as the nuclear battery, was later considered as a submarine power source for the Canadian Submarine Acquisition Program (CASAP). AECL’s approach to the development of the nuclear battery was to form joint-venture partnerships with public- and private-sector companies in order to share design and development costs; however, AECL had both the funding and the in-house technical and scientific expertise to develop the nuclear battery without these partnerships. Further, the pursuit of these partnerships did not lead to success; the nuclear battery was a failed innovation. This study links the preference for joint-venture partnerships at AECL to the neo-liberal approach to innovation that swept through Canadian government and private-sector industries in the 1980s and early 1990s, as it had swept through British and American industries before it.
Mounties in the Frontier: Circulations, Anxieties, and Myths of Settler Colonial Policing in Canada
Authors: Monaghan Jeffrey
Published: December 2016

Examining correspondence records from 1886 onward, this essay details how the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) established patrol routes in the year following the North-West Rebellion. Discussing how patrols were intended to enhance the circulation of NWMP officers, the author borrows from Michel Foucault (2007) to examine how correspondence records characterize the objectives and methods of the new patrols. In part aimed at accumulating knowledge of natural and artificial conditions, the circulations aimed to anticipate, contain, and control outbreaks of perceived dangers. The circulation of patrols also produced various forms of knowledge and imaginings about the Indigenous population in the North-West. By continuously sorting and distinguishing between “good Indians” and “bad Indians,” circulations contribute to settler anxieties and elicit further calls for “law and order.” The author details how the enhanced circulation of NWMP patrols often produce anxieties and rumours that are rooted in the colonial imagination, serving to rationalize mechanisms of security as an essential function of liberal order-building.
“Saying No to Resource Development is Not an Option”: Economic Development in Moose Cree First Nation
Authors: Dylan Arielle , Smallboy Bartholemew
Published: December 2016

In 2004 and 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada handed down a trilogy of decisions that outlined the doctrine of the duty to consult and accommodate, thereby changing how resource development occurs in Aboriginal traditional territories. As a result of these decisions, new avenues of economic development for well-resourced First Nations have opened up, with the hope of creating a new future for remote Aboriginal communities; but are these types of agreements meeting the expectations of First Nations and their members? The authors visited a First Nations community that recently negotiated impact and benefit agreements with large industrial proponents. The authors conducted in-depth, long interviews with 17 key informants: former chiefs and grand chiefs, executive directors of community agencies, program directors, business persons, spiritual persons and elders, property managers, and direct-service practitioners. Five themes, or areas of concern, emerged from the research: unemployment, employment, and economic stimulation; social and physical health concerns; negotiations and meaningful community involvement; corporate social responsibility, capacity building, and social capital; and environmental concerns and cultural relevance. Despite the concerns these agreements raised, 14 of 17 informants remained in favour of the impact and benefit agreements.
1974 WHA All-Stars vs. the Soviet National Team: Franchise Recognition and Foreign Diplomacy in the “Forgotten Series”
Authors: Scherer Jay , Cantelon Hart
Published: December 2016

Unlike the iconic 1972 Summit Series, the 1974 Series between the Soviet Union and Team Canada—this time a national team consisting solely of World Hockey Association (WHA) players—remains largely a Canadian folklore footnote. In this essay, the authors hold up the 1974 Summit Series for critical reflection by focussing on three interrelated themes to reveal the competing political-economic, cultural, and diplomatic interests that were at stake in this largely forgotten event. First, they provide a political-economic analysis of the emergence of the WHA and the league’s objectives for the 1974 Summit Series. The authors then offer an analysis of the role of the second Summit Series as an instance of “hockey diplomacy,” a component of Prime Minister Trudeau’s broader foreign policy agenda, which included improved bilateral relations with Moscow. Finally, the authors examine the significance of the 1974 Summit Series as part of the foreign policy initiatives of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Despite the stated diplomatic ambitions of both Canada and the Soviet Union, though, the 1974 Summit Series (like its 1972 predecessor) ended in violence, politicking, and accusations of unsportsmanlike behaviour, and would mark the finality of this specific bilateral model of sporting exchange to facilitate cultural contact and goodwill between both nations in the Cold War.
The Queer Frontier: Male Same-sex Experience in Western Canada’s Settlement Era
Authors: Dick Lyle
Published: December 2016

The essay documents and interprets episodes of male same-sex sexuality at different localities and moments in time across Western Canada during its settlement era, circa 1870-1945. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certeau, it seeks to explain same-sex experience in relation to the production, strategic, and tactical use of space. Utilizing court, jail, and police records, among other sources, it documents the recurrence of homoerotic desire across the West in this period, the places where men connected with other men, and their resourcefulness in accessing and reclaiming space to express their sexual imperatives. The data and analysis suggest a comparative laxity in moral regulation of male homoerotic relationships in the early frontier era, followed by entrenched police surveillance and repression by 1930-45. A provisional conclusion is that the frontier era afforded men some latitude within which to produce same-sex space, notwithstanding developing homophobic regimes and the risk of discovery, ostracism, and incarceration.
The Inadequate Recognition of Sexual Diversity by Canadian Schools: LGBT Advocacy and Its Impact
Authors: Rayside David
Published: December 2016

Creating more inclusive schools has lagged significantly behind changes that formally recognize sexual diversity in human rights and family law, across all Canadian regions. Students still experience widespread harassment based on what are considered non-conforming sexual orientation and gender identity, and sexual minority teachers often remain closeted. Several school boards, for example in Toronto and Vancouver, have developed comprehensive LGBT-inclusive equity policies, but implementation remains uneven. Most provincial education ministries have been extremely reluctant to develop policies targeting exclusion or marginalization on these grounds. The impediments to change include the pressures on young people to adopt dominant gender norms, the extent to which questions of sexuality tap into large unresolved debates over the role of schooling, the continuing capacity of religious conservatives to mobilize opposition to LGBT-inclusive measures, the availability of schooling options for morally traditional parents, the unreadiness of most teachers to address questions of sexual diversity, and the modesty of resources available to LGBT activists in Canada.
Interview with Chris Bearchell, Lasqueti Island, 1996
Authors: Smith Miriam
Published: December 2016

This essay provides extracts of an interview conducted by the author with Canadian gay liberation activist Chris Bearchell in 1996. It covers topics including the relationship between gay liberation, the women’s movement and the autonomous lesbian movement during the 1970s and 1980s, the emergence of a backlash against the gay rights movement, the emergence of pro-family rhetoric in lesbian and gay politics in the 1980s and 1990s, and the divisions over violence against women and pornography among feminists in the 1980s and 1990s.