bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASPEK HUKUM PEMBIAYAAN BACK TO BACK ASSET DENGAN AGUNAN DEPOSITO PADA BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH (BPRS) ATTAQWA TANGERANG
Authors: Hidayah Assavinatul , Sholichah Inti Ulfi , Tahliani Hani
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mekanisme dan aspek hukum pada pembiayaan back to back asset dengan menggunakan agunan deposito di Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) Attaqwa Tangerang. Back to Back merupakan salah satu pembiayaan dengan memakai agunan berupa deposito pada bank syariah. Mekanisme pembiayaan back to back cukup mudah dibanding dengan pembiayaan yang lain, karena jaminan yang digunakan hanya berupa deposito yang dimiliki oleh nasabah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif lapangan, adapun untuk memperoleh temuan dan data-data dalam penelitian ini yaitu melalui in depth interview, observasi dan juga dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terkait prosedur dan mekanisme pembiayaan back to back hanya diperlukan Bilyet Deposito nasabah. Di dalam kontrak perjanjian disebutkan bahwa nasabah menandatangani surat kuasa pencairan deposito sebagai mitigasi resiko apabila nasabah melakukan wanprestasi. Selain itu Deposito juga dapat dijadikan sebagai jaminan tambahan. Dengan demikian terdapat aspek hukum dalam kontrak perjanjian tersebut yaitu berdasarkan hukum Islam dan hukum positif; pertama berdasarkan hukum Islam yaitu Fatwa MUI No: 971/DSN-MUII/XIII/2015 tentang Sertifikat Deposito Syariah, DSN-MUI No.25/DSN-MUI/III/2002 tentang akad rahn dan kedua, hukum positif yaitu pada KUHP Pasal 1152 ayat 1 tentang pengikatan jaminan deposito dan Pasal 1320. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pembiayaan Back to Back dengan jaminan Bilyet Deposito hanya menggunakan akad murabahah dan jaminanya tidak diikat menggunakan akad rahn. Adapun keterkaitan syarat sahnya perjanjian sudah sesuai dengan prinsip syariah dan syarat sahnya perjanjian pada pasal 1320 KUH Perdata.
Students’ motivation for learning languages inself-determination
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Orynbayeva A. , Rzabayeva D. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kalimoldayeva А. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kassymova G. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dzhambulova Zh. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: May 2024

The article concentrates on the relationship between self-determined motivation and language learning. It focuses on different types of motivation such as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and how they affect students' engagement and performance in language learning. The study was researched through a Google form survey consisting of 10 questions. The study examines a model of self-determination theory that emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the development of motivation. In addition, the article discusses the relevance of understanding integrative and instrumental motivation in the context of language learning. The article also highlights the importance of self-determined motivation in developing autonomous language learning and increasing students' readiness for language learning. The research is based on the model of self-determination theory, which emphasizes autonomy, competence and interconnectedness as key elements contributing to motivation. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of understanding integrative and instrumental motivation in language learning. It also highlights the key role of self-motivation in language learning and increasing students' readiness to master the language.
Developing social skills and social competence in adults with autism
Authors: Telzhan Venera
Published: May 2024

This research conducts a systematic literature review to identify and analyze approaches and programs developed and studied over the past two decades aimed at enhancing social skills and social competence in adults with autism. Utilizing various academic resources, including Google Scholar and Scopus, relevant articles, books, reports, and studies were identified based on specific keywords. The selection process was guided by inclusion criteria focusing on relevance, scientific significance, methodological reliability, and alignment with the research topic. The chosen materials were then analyzed to identify key approaches and programs used for developing social skills in adults with autism. Additionally, synthesis and summarization of literature analysis results were conducted to identify key trends, issues, and perspectives in this research area. The research question explores specific approaches and programs for developing social skills and social competence in adults with autism, while the research problem highlights the insufficiency of existing programs and approaches, leading to difficulties in social integration and realization of potential among adults with autism. The practical significance of the study lies in its potential to inform the development and improvement of educational programs and methodologies tailored to the individual needs of adults with autism, thereby enhancing their integration into society, employment opportunities, and overall quality of life. Finally, the synthesis of research underscores the importance of tailored interventions and ongoing research to address the complex social challenges faced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder, ultimately promoting their integration, empowerment, and well-being within society.
Potential opportunities for using solar energy: example of light industrial enterprises
Authors: Jafarov Erkin
Published: May 2024

Solar energy offers many prospects for light industrial firms in search of sustainable and economical energy solutions. This research examines the possible advantages and uses of solar energy in small-scale industrial environments. Light industrial firms may decrease their dependence on traditional energy sources, save operational expenses, and offset carbon emissions by using photovoltaic systems to harvest solar electricity. Utilizing solar energy allows for the decentralization of power sources and promotes energy independence, enabling companies to strengthen their resilience and competitiveness. In addition, incorporating solar systems into light industrial buildings may support environmental conservation and corporate social responsibility initiatives. Case studies and examples demonstrate the effective integration of solar energy in light industrial firms, showcasing the practicality and benefits of this sustainable energy source. In summary, adopting solar energy offers light industrial firms a strategic chance to accomplish sustainability objectives, stimulate innovation, and attain lasting economic and environmental advantages. Furthermore, the incorporation of solar energy systems into light industrial firms not only provides economic benefits but also improves their environmental sustainability. By using renewable energy sources like solar electricity, these businesses may greatly reduce their carbon footprint and actively contribute to the mitigation of climate change. The integration of solar energy is in line with worldwide initiatives to shift towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, therefore improving the environmental qualifications of light industrial activities.
Особливості енергетичного обстеження систем гарячого водопостачання у житлово-комунальному господарстві
Authors: Лужанська Ганна , Шавров Віктор , Шилов Денис , Рєпін Юрій , Сорокопуд Михайло
Published: May 2024

В роботі проаналізовано існуючи проблеми у системі цетролізованого теплопостачання, пов’язані з нераціональними втратами паливно-енергетичних ресурсів. Низька ефективність процесів вироблення, передачі і споживання теплової енергії потребує впровадження механізмів енергозбереження. Наведена сучасна нормативна база з енергоефектвності. Визначені пріоритетні напрямки в впровадженні та реконструкції ефективних систем теплопостачання, зокрема у системах гарячого водопостачання. Розглянуті особливості енергетичного обстеження систем централізованого теплопостачання житлово-комунального господарства.
Application, structure, salts and complexes of lidocaine: a review. Part III. Structure of bis(lidocaine) tetrachloridozincate(II)
Authors: Tsitsishvili Vladimer , Amirkhanashvili Koba
Published: May 2024

The review focuses on lidocaine (2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide): in the first part, its use in various branches of medicine was considered, and the structure of lidocaine, its salts and molecular complexes was discussed; the second part is devoted to the use of lidocaine in the composition of deep-eutectic solvents (DES) and in DES-microemulsions (ME); consideration of lidocaine as part of coordination compounds has begun: the results of studying the structure of complexes of lidocaine with zinc, copper, cobalt, platinum and iron chlorides, as well as with copper bromide, have been discussed. The third part examines the structure of bis(lidocaine) tetrachloridozincate(II), which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/ c with a = 8.8921(2), b = 19.2650(3), c = 19.3211(3) Å,  = 95.026(2)o,and consists of the ZnCl42– slightly distorted tetrahedral anion and two protonated cations of lidocaine LidH+ in an outer coordination sphere; H-bonds combine neighbouring complexes in pairs 2[(LidH)2ZnCl4], while four adjacent pairs form endless layers parallel to the ac crystallographic plane and lying at a distance of 9.6325(3) Å from each other.
Analysis of the behavior of a mobile robot with precise and fuzzy pid controller in an uncertain environment
Authors: Mammadova Kifayat , Abbasova Fidan
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to develop methods for building intelligent systems that ensure safe movement on a planned and specified trajectory in an environment with unknown obstacles for planning the movement of a mobile robot. To achieve this goal, modern concepts and methods of planning systems development were analyzed. By moving a mobile robot in an unknown environment, it is proposed to develop an intelligent system for planning its modeling in an uncertain static environment, to realize an intelligent system for planning the movement of a mobile robot in an unknown dynamic environment and modeling the resulting system. As a result, analytical studies were conducted on a computer using mathematical modeling, analytical geometry, kinematic and dynamic analysis, fuzzy logic, neural networks, robotics, mechatronics, discrete integration and applied programming methods, and experimental studies were conducted using a mobile robot model.
Myostatin mutation (g+6723G  >  A) introgression: comparative analysis of growth, slaughter, and carcass traits in Texel, Pırlak, and their crosses (F1 and BC1)
Authors: Koçak Serdar , Tekerli Mustafa , Erdoğan Metin , Çelikeloğlu Koray , Yazıcı Ebubekir , Bozkurt Zehra , Hacan Özlem , Demirtaş Mustafa , Çinkaya Samet
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This study was carried out to examine the effect of myostatin mutation on growth, body measurements, Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) values, and carcass characteristics in crossbred generations as well as introgression from Texel to Pırlak. This research was conducted on 105 F1, 94 myostatin-carrying BC1, 53 non-carrying BC1 lambs, and pure Pırlak and Texel lambs born during the same period. It was determined that the effects of factors such as genotype, sex, birth type, birth month, and dam age were significant (P< 0.05) for the growth characteristics of lambs. The birth weights, daily live weight gains and weaning weights in F1, myostatin-carrying BC1, and non-carrying BC1 lambs were 4.10, 4.45, and 4.39, 0.21252, 0.22176, and 0.20964, as well as 35.51, 33.18, and 33.47 kg, respectively. It was detected that Texel and myostatin-carrying BC1 lambs were significantly (P< 0.05) higher than Pırlak and non-carrying BC1 lambs for the MLD area at weaning. Additionally, the rump width, chest circumference, and MLD depth of lambs carrying myostatin mutation were significantly greater than Pırlak lambs. Six-month live weight means of Pırlak, Texel, and myostatin-carrying BC1 lambs were found as 39.45, 37.22, and 39.06 kg, respectively. Myostatin-carrying BC1 lambs had a superiority to Pırlak lambs in terms of muscle conformation and fatness of the hind leg. As a result, myostatin-carrying BC1 lambs were significantly found to have a better MLD area than non-carrying BC1 lambs, indicating a myostatin mutation (g+6723G > A) effect. It was concluded that the growth and carcass characteristics of Pırlak lambs may be improved by introgression of myostatin mutation.
Bacteria in clouds biodegrade atmospheric formic and acetic acids
Authors: Nuñez López Leslie , Amato Pierre , Ervens Barbara
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Formic and acetic acids are major organic species in cloud water and affect precipitation acidity. In atmospheric models, their losses are limited to chemical oxidation in the gas and aqueous phases and deposition processes. Previous lab studies suggest that these acids can be efficiently biodegraded in water by atmospherically relevant bacteria. However, the importance of biodegradation as a loss process in the atmospheric multiphase system has not been fully assessed. We implemented biodegradation as a sink of formic and acetic acids in a detailed atmospheric multiphase chemistry model. In our model, biodegradation is considered in 0.1 % of cloud droplets according to atmospheric bacteria concentrations of 0.1 cm−3. We predict that up to 20 ppt h−1 formic acid and 5 ppt h−1 acetic acid are biodegraded. This translates into a concentration change of 20 % and 3 % in addition to that caused by chemical losses. Our sensitivity studies suggest that acetic acid is most efficiently biodegraded at pH > 5, whereas biodegradation is least efficient for formic acid under such conditions. This trend can be explained by the fact that formic acid partitions more efficiently into the aqueous phase due to its higher Henry's law constant (KH,eff(HCOOH)=2×105 M atm−1 vs. KH,eff(CH3COOH)=3×104 M atm−1 at pH = 5). Therefore, under such conditions, formic acid evaporates less efficiently from bacteria-free droplets, resulting in less formic acid in the gas phase for dissolution bacteria-containing droplets to replenish biodegraded acid. Our analysis demonstrates that previous estimates of the importance of atmospheric biodegradation were often biased high as they did not correctly account for such uptake limitation in bacteria-containing droplets. The results suggest that, under specific conditions, biological processes can significantly affect atmospheric composition and concentrations in particular volatile, moderately soluble organics.
Long-term Prediction of the Gulf Stream Meander Using OceanNet: a Principled Neural Operator-based Digital Twin
Authors: Gray Michael A. , Chattopadhyay Ashesh , Wu Tianning , Lowe Anna , He Ruoying
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Many meteorological and oceanographic processes throughout the eastern United States and western Atlantic Ocean, such as storm tracks and shelf water transport, are influenced by the position and warm sea surface temperature of the Gulf Stream (GS)- the region's western boundary current. Due to highly nonlinear processes associated with the GS, predicting its meanders and frontal position have been long-standing challenges within the numerical modeling community. While the weather and climate modeling communities have begun to turn to data-driven machine learning frameworks to overcome analogous challenges, there has been less exploration of such models in oceanography. Using a new dataset from a high-resolution data-assimilative ocean reanalysis (1993–2022) for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, OceanNet (a neural operator-based digital twin for regional oceans) was trained to identify and track the GS’s frontal position over subseasonal-to-seasonal timescales. Here we present the architecture of OceanNet and the advantages it holds over other machine learning frameworks explored during development while demonstrating predictions of the Gulf Stream Meander are physically reasonable over at least a 60-day period and remain stable for longer.
Seasonal evolution and parameterization of Arctic sea ice bulk density: results from the MOSAiC expedition and ICESat-2/ATLAS
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wang Xianwei , Lei Ruibo , von Albedyll Luisa , Perovich Donald K. , Zhang Yu , Haas Christian
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of Arctic sea ice thickness typically assume a constant sea ice bulk density (IBD), overlooking its seasonal variations influenced by ice internal texture and contaminants. This study unveils the initial insights into the seasonal evolution and parameterization of IBD during the Arctic freezing season from October to April. To retrieve IBD, we combined in situ observations obtained from ice mass balance buoys, snow pits, and snow transects during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, as well as laser freeboard data derived from the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). Assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, local-scale IBDs for the level ice component of the MOSAiC ice floes, predominantly consisting of second-year ice, were obtained at a spatial scale of approximately 50 km. The results indicated a statistically significant seasonal decreasing trend in IBD at a rate of ~16 kg m−3 per month (P < 0.001) from mid-October to mid-January, likely attributable to increased internal porosity as the sea ice aged. This was followed by a relatively stable period from mid-January to mid-April, with an average IBD of ~897 ± 11 kg m−3. Core-based IBDs from eight MOSAiC sites showed a similar seasonal pattern, but with a narrower range of variation and an earlier onset of the relatively stable period, possibly owing to the spatial heterogeneity of the MOSAiC ice floes. Based on regression analyses, we developed updated parameterizations for IBD that are anticipated to be applicable throughout the freezing season, encompassing both first- and second-year ice. In particular, the ice draft-to-thickness ratio emerged as the most efficient parameter for determining IBD (R2 = 0.99, RMSE = 1.62 kg m−3), with potential application to multi-year ice and deformed ice as well. Our updated parameterizations have the potential to optimize basin-scale satellite-derived sea ice thickness, thereby contributing to more accurate monitoring of changes in sea ice volume.
Animal burrowing at cold seep ecotones boosts productivity by linking macromolecule turnover with chemosynthesis and nutrient cycling
Authors: Rubin-Blum Maxim , Rahav Eyal , Sisma-Ventura Guy , Yudkovski Yana , Harbozov Zoya , Bialik Or , Ezra Oded , Foubert Anneleen , Herut Barak , Makovsky Yizhaq
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Hydrocarbon seepage at the deep seafloor fuels flourishing chemosynthetic communities. These seeps impact the functionality of the benthic ecosystem beyond hotspots of gas emission, altering the abundance, diversity and activity of microbiota and fauna, and affecting geochemical processes. Yet, these chemosynthetic ecotones (chemotones) are far less explored than the foci of seepage. To better understand the functionality of chemotones, we: i) mapped seabed morphology at the periphery of gas seeps in the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea, using video analyses and synthetic aperture sonar; ii) sampled chemotone sediments and described burrowing using computerized tomography; iii) explored nutrient concentrations; iv) quantified microbial abundance, activity and N2 fixation rates in selected samples and v) extracted DNA and explored microbial diversity and function using amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. Our results indicate that the gas seepage yields gradients of burrowing intensity at the seep ecotones, especially by the ghost shrimp Calliax lobata. This burrowing alters nitrogen and sulfur cycling through the activity of diverse microbes. Burrow walls form a unique habitat, where macromolecules are degraded by Bacterioida, and their fermentation products fuel sulfate reduction by Desulfobacterota and Nitrospirota. These in turn support chemosynthetic Campylobacterota and giant sulfur bacteria Thiomargarita, which can aid C. lobata nutrition. These interactions may support enhanced productivity at seep ecotones.
Towards a generic fibreoptic earthquake detection and location algorithm for arbitrary fibre geometries and hybrid fibre-seismometer networks
Authors: Hudson Thomas , Klaasen Sara , Fontaine Olivier , Zunino Andrea , van Meulebrouck Sjaak , Walter Fabian , Jonsdottir Kristin , Fichtner Andreas
Published: May 2024

Detecting earthquakes in continuous seismic data is essential for various applications. Such applications include real-time natural or anthropogenic hazard monitoring and generating earthquake catalogues for body-wave tomography. Although numerous detection algorithms have been developed specifically for fibreoptic data, they are typically only applicable for certain fibre geometries, and generally struggle with P and S wave phase association. Furthermore, integrating fibreoptic and conventional seismometer data into current algorithms remains challenging. Here, we present an automated, faster-than-real-time earthquake back-migration method, adapted to incorporate arbitrary 3D fibre geometries and include all available seismic observations from any instrumentation. Crucially, the strength of this method lies in stacking energy based on physics-derived time-shifts, locating the event during the detection process. Unlike machine learning methods, it does not require a training dataset so is therefore readily applicable to new scenarios. We demonstrate the performance of the method to detect near-surface seismicity at an alpine glacier and crustal seismicity from the ongoing Sundhnúkur eruption near Grindavik, Iceland. We also show how subsequent automated phase-arrival refinement can provide sufficient quality picks for travel-time tomography. As we present these results, we highlight how fibreoptic sensitivity limitations can be quantified and accounted for during earthquake detection, how different data sources can be combined, and we identify areas where advances are yet to be made. Generic earthquake detection algorithms such as that presented here are essential for harnessing the dense spatial sampling that fibreoptic sensing provides, while at the same time accounting for fundamental fibreoptic sensitivity limitations.
Variational autoencoders in earthquake detection and processing for submarine distributed optical fibre sensing
Authors: Matthaiou Ioannis , Masoudi Ali , Brambilla Gilberto
Published: May 2024

The technology of Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing (DOFS) has attracted a lot of attention for monitoring and studying geophysical processes, including earthquakes. This is partly because using DOFS earthquakes can be studied in greater detail, as Earth ground motions are captured on a synchronised network of hundreds of thousands of sensing locations along the fibre optic cable. Using DOFS, seismologists and other experts can monitor earthquakes with a sensing range spanning hundreds of kilometres and over harsh environments, e.g., across oceans.
These experimental studies are typically carried out for long time-periods, and therefore, are known to generate large amounts of data. At the same time, seismic signals captured by DOFS are typically of lower signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to the conventional seismic sensors. Hence, devising effective signal processing and machine learning technologies that can be used to process DOFS signals has become critical for fibre optic seismology studies. Of particular importance are regions whereby naturally occurring earthquakes may be rare, but there is nevertheless the need to deploy capable earthquake detection and classification systems using DOFS.
In this study, we demonstrate the concept of detecting earthquakes, using hundreds of spatiotemporal images, as obtained using a commercial DOFS system. Approximately two months of data were collected using the 55 km subsea fibre optic cable, which is located off the coast of Muroto in Japan. Each of the 9800 locations along the fibre optic cable was sampled at a rate of 500 Hz. Although earthquake events have been historically shown to occur frequently in this region, we demonstrate a monitoring capability that does not require a priori “labels” in constructing an earthquake detection model. The abundance of non-earthquake data generating sources in the region, e.g., fishing vessels, marine life, and ambient noise, allowed us to compute representations that are specific to those sources. Consequently, the amount of deviation from these representations can be calculated on new spatiotemporal images and be used to flag potential seismic activity. A Variational Autoencoder was used to obtain the representations of non-earthquake sources. Our earthquake detector correctly identifies more than 90 % of available earthquakes in our dataset using metrics such as the reconstruction error.
DAS system for the Moon
Authors: Tauzin Benoit , Lognonné Philippe , Kawamura Taichi , Panning Mark , Jousset Philippe , Lanticq Vincent , Mercerat Diego , Metaxian Jean-Philippe , Hibert Clément , De Raucourt Sebastien , Coutant Olivier , Almoric Etienne
Published: May 2024

Active seismic experiments during the Apollo missions characterized the lunar regolith and crust, while passive monitoring suggested a thermal stress origin for the high-frequency lunar seismic noise. Deploying Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) instruments, capable of withstanding the extreme lunar conditions, would allow to examine various lunar environments including permanently shadowed regions, which trap water ice due to their extremely cold temperatures. Benefiting from high spatial and temporal resolutions, DAS surveys would allow analyzing wave propagation, constructing 2D wave velocity sections, and potentially identifying ice-related velocity variations. How the DAS technology positions in terms of self-noise with respect to Apollo and modern sensors? We estimate the strain noise level of geophones to be around 1 pε/sqrt(Hz). For a 5-km long optic fiber with 10 meters gauge length, the typical self-noise of current DAS systems is around 1 pε/sqrt(Hz). This indicates that DAS instruments may achieve a low noise level on par with the best current geophysical technologies, which is crucial for precise and reliable exploration of lunar structure. We will discuss experiments that would be necessary for qualifying such an instrument for space applications.
Insights from the DAS analysis of ambient seismic noise recorded off the coast of Sicily
Authors: Le Pape Florian , Ker Stephan , Murphy Shane , Riccobene Giorgio , Viola Salvo , Aurnia Salvo , Pulvirenti Sara , Gutscher Marc-André
Published: May 2024

In November 2023, DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensing) data were acquired along few fibers of the MEOC cable of the INFN-LNS submarine infrastructure, extending circa 29 km off the coast of Catania; one of these fibers is terminated with a further 6km-long optical fiber layed on the seafloor in the context of the FOCUS-ERC project. In addition another set of measurements were conducted using the INFN-LNS MEOC cable deployed offshore Capo Passero, probing a 200 km loop implemented on a pair of fibers. With almost 2 weeks of recordings, the DAS interrogator captured multiple types of signals from ocean waves to earthquakes and even volcanic tremors linked with an eruption phase of Etna. Here, we investigate in particular the ambient seismic noise associated to the sea state that was recorded on each cable. With the goal to identify and locate noise sources for using passive seismic imaging in the area, there is a need to differentiate seismic noise related to wind waves from other overlapping signals at similar frequencies (e.g. tremors from Etna). First, long-term trends in the DAS data are investigated using spectrograms for specific channels along each cable. In addition to continuous low frequency seismic noise, the data highlight the presence of short-term high frequency (>1Hz) events which also seem connected to the wind wave activity in the area. Taking advantage of the dense spatial sampling of the DAS data, spectral profiles and f-k analysis are applied on shorter time windows over different sections of the cables to decompose both ocean waves and seismic wavefields in more details (e.g. landward vs seaward separation of signals) and better characterize the mechanisms behind those events. Both cables show some differences in the seismic noise wavefield that imply a change in local noise sources but also highlight the influence of site effects from each cable. Whereas the wind waves signature is limited to the shallower sections of the cables, we also observe that microseisms are present over the whole length of each cable, with their energy fluctuating as a function of water depth but also the cable coupling with the seafloor. In particular, along the Capo Passero cable, we observe significant stronger microseisms energy far out at sea.
Characterizing non-linear ground response using signal classification from acoustic signals and Distributed Dynamic Strain Sensing (DDSS) at Mt. Etna volcano, Sicily.
Authors: Diaz-Meza Sergio , Jousset Philippe , Currenti Gilda , Costes Lucile , Krawczyk Charlotte
Published: May 2024

During 2018, a study was conducted to understand the response of new seismic instrumentation to the complex seismo-acoustic wavefield of Mt. Etna. The study consisted on deploying a multi-instrumental network at Pizzi Deneri (PDN) observatory, near the main craters of Mt. Etna. The multi-instrumental network comprised infrasound sensors, broad-band seismometers (BB) and a fiber optic cable buried within the local loosed scoria surface. The cable was connected to a Distributed Dynamic Strain (DDSS) interrogator. Part of the collected data reveals, what is believed to be, a case of a non-linear ground response from an air-to-ground coupling from an acoustic wave. An infrasound sensor registered the arrival of a signal from a volcanic explosion with a main frequency of ~2 Hz. Immediately, a BB and fibre optic virtual sensor (DDSS channel), co-located with the infrasound sensor, registered a signal linked to the acoustic arrival. However, the dominant frequencies captured by the BB and DDSS range between 15 and 20 Hz. To further study this phenomenon, a second experiment was conducted in 2019 in the same place (PDN) and using the same type of instrumentation, but in a different spatial arrangement. In a total of three months, we obtained more than 65000 examples of acoustic signals linked to volcanic explosions. Embedded in the examples, there are cases of non-linear ground response. However, the dataset also contains cases with no ground response triggered by acoustic signals. To understand which acoustic inputs could trigger the ground response, we performed a classification of the acoustic signals based on waveform similarity. In addition, to understand the resulted ground response, we extended the waveform similarity classification to the DDSS records to achieve spatial-temporal characterization of the phenomenon in study. The outcomes of this method allows us to understand the spatial effect of acoustic signals on the ground, monitor temporal variations, and discriminate between reliable data and DDSS signal artifacts such as saturation.
A Deep Learning Approach for Denoising DAS data in urban volcanic areas
Authors: Allegra Martina , Cannavò Flavio , Corsaro Miriana , Currenti Gilda , Jousset Philippe , Palazzo Simone , Prestifilippo Michele , Spampinato Concetto
Published: May 2024

Among the strengths of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) applications, the sensing of existing fibre optic cable has certainly aided its extensive adoption in all fields, without excluding the geophysical domain. As a matter of fact, the high-quality of data recording, at high spatial-temporal resolution, has enabled the detection of a variety of seismic-volcanic events, especially in poorly or not at all instrumented environments.
In densely populated areas, the seismic exploration through the deployment of traditional seismic arrays would require high maintenance at prohibitive costs. In contrast, the interrogation of commercial fiber optic infrastructure through DAS technology results in minimal intrusion into urban life in a cost-effective but equally efficient manner.
However, data collection in urban contexts has to deal with unavoidable human interferences that frequently corrupt the seismic signal with anthropogenic noise. Indeed, ground vibrations induced by transportation, industrial and construction activities significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio by masking target events.
With the purpose of cleaning the DAS signal, anthropogenic noise removal has been approached with a deep learning technique. Both the neural network architecture and the ad-hoc training procedure have been developed with the aim of maintaining the meaningful features of the original recordings while removing man-induced noise.
Promising validation results on real low-frequency seismic events, detected during the 2021 Vulcano Island unrest, highlight the potential of the suggested method as a pre-processing step to help with the subsequent DAS signal analysis.
Fiber Optic Sensing in Rain Detection Using Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Authors: Ding Yangmin , Shi Sai , Tian Yue , Jiang Zhuocheng , Ozharar Sarper , Wang Ting , Moore James
Published: May 2024

Traditional rain detection methods are often constrained by their limited spatial coverage and lack of adaptability in diverse environmental conditions. This gap highlights the need for more advanced, adaptable solutions for rain detection. Recent advances in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) have shown potential for overcoming these limitations. DAS transforms existing optical fiber cables into distributed sensornetworks, which detects external perturbations, such as vibrations, and acoustic pulses, along the fiber by utilizing the coherent Rayleighbackscattering. Each fiber segment with a length of spatial resolution can be considered a point sensor that enables continuous, real-time measurements across the entire route. Prior studies have demonstrated the potential of DAS in detecting and classifying rain intensity under controlled laboratory conditions. Building upon this research, further work expanded the application of DAS to real-world environments, employing pre-trained supervised Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for field trials in rain detection and classification. However,existing research primarily focus on environments with consistent, labeled datasets and often struggle to adapt to variable environmental conditions. Using DAS, we propose a CNN with unsupervised domain adaptation technique that utilizes already-laid optical fiber networks for rain intensity classification. Specifically, firstly we collected the field data from a live telecommunication network using DAS underdifferent field environment, which was recorded over eight different days spanning five months. After filtering and feature extraction, a Deep Reconstruction Classification Network (DRCN) is implemented to concurrently minimize both the classification loss and reconstruction lossduring the learning process, aiming to capture a domain adaptive feature representa- tion applicable to new environmental conditions. Experimental results show that our approach effectively identifies rain status and adapts well to rain intensity classification across newdomains, addressing the gap left by machine learning methods in the context of unlabeled field data. This adaptability is crucial fordeveloping more accurate and reliable rain detection systems that capable of functioning effectively across various domains.
The Total Carbon Column Observing Network's GGG2020 data version
Authors: Laughner Joshua L. , Toon Geoffrey C. , Mendonca Joseph , Petri Christof , Roche Sébastien , Wunch Debra , Blavier Jean-Francois , Griffith David W. T. , Heikkinen Pauli , Keeling Ralph F. , Kiel Matthäus , Kivi Rigel , Roehl Coleen M. , Stephens Britton B. , Baier Bianca C. , Chen Huilin , Choi Yonghoon , Deutscher Nicholas M. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Gross Jochen , Herkommer Benedikt , Jeseck Pascal , Laemmel Thomas , Lan Xin , McGee Erin , McKain Kathryn , Miller John , Morino Isamu , Notholt Justus , Ohyama Hirofumi , Pollard David F. , Rettinger Markus , Riris Haris , Rousogenous Constantina , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Shiomi Kei , Strong Kimberly , Sussmann Ralf , Té Yao , Velazco Voltaire A. , Wofsy Steven C. , Zhou Minqiang , Wennberg Paul O.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measures column-average mole fractions of several greenhouse gases (GHGs), beginning in 2004, from over 30 current or past measurement sites around the world using solar absorption spectroscopy in the near-infrared (near-IR) region. TCCON GHG data have been used extensively for multiple purposes, including in studies of the carbon cycle and anthropogenic emissions, as well as to validate and improve observations from space-based sensors. Here, we describe an update to the retrieval algorithm used to process the TCCON near-IR solar spectra and to generate the associated data products. This version, called GGG2020, was initially released in April 2022. It includes updates and improvements to all steps of the retrieval, including but not limited to the conversion of the original interferograms into spectra, the spectroscopic information used in the column retrieval, post hoc air mass dependence correction, and scaling to align with the calibration scales of in situ GHG measurements. All TCCON data are available through https://tccondata.org/ (last access: 22 April 2024) and are hosted on CaltechDATA (https://data.caltech.edu/, last access: 22 April 2024). Each TCCON site has a unique DOI for its data record. An archive of all the sites' data is also available with the DOI https://doi.org/10.14291/TCCON.GGG2020 (Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) Team, 2022). The hosted files are updated approximately monthly, and TCCON sites are required to deliver data to the archive no later than 1 year after acquisition. Full details of data locations are provided in the “Code and data availability” section.
Assimilation of GNSS tropospheric gradients into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4.4.1
Authors: Thundathil Rohith , Zus Florian , Dick Galina , Wickert Jens
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this study, we have incorporated tropospheric gradient observations from a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ground station network into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model through a newly developed observation operator. The experiments aim at testing the functionality of the developed observation operator and at analyzing the impact of tropospheric gradients on the sophisticated data assimilation (DA) system. The model was configured for a 0.1° mesh over Germany with 50 vertical levels up to 50 hPa. Our initial conditions were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) data at 0.25° resolution, and conventional observations were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), restricted to mainly surface stations and radiosondes. We selected approximately 100 GNSS stations with high data quality and availability covering Germany. We performed DA every 6 h for June and July 2021. Four experiments were conducted: (1) a control run assimilating only conventional observations; (2) an impact run assimilating zenith total delays (ZTDs) on top of the control run; (3) an impact gradient run assimilating ZTDs and gradients on top of the control run; and (4) a gradient run assimilating only gradients on top of the control run. The error for the impact run was reduced by 32 % and 10 % for ZTDs and gradients, whereas the error for the impact gradient run was reduced by 35 % and 18 %, respectively. The gradient errors for the gradient run were nearly equal to those of the impact gradient. Overall, the newly developed operator for the WRFDA system works as intended. In particular, the combined assimilation of gradients and the ZTDs led to a notable improvement in the humidity field at altitudes above 2.5 km. With the operator codes developed and freely available to the WRF users, we aim to trigger further GNSS tropospheric gradient assimilation studies.
Surface water storage influences streamflow signatures
Authors: Vanderhoof Melanie K. , Nieuwlandt Peter , Golden Heather E. , Lane Charles R. , Christensen Jay R. , Keenan Will , Dolan Wayana
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Extreme flow conditions in river discharge have far-reaching environmental and economic consequences. The retention of surface water in lakes, wetlands, and floodplains can potentially moderate these extreme flows by modifying the timing, duration, and magnitude of flow generation. However, efforts to characterize the impact of surface water storage on river discharge have been limited in geographic extent. In this analysis, a suite of hydrologic signatures, quantifying components of watershed flow regimes, was calculated from daily discharge at 72 gaged watersheds across the conterminous United States. Random forest models were developed to explain variability in six hydrologic signatures related to flashiness and high and low flow conditions. In addition to traditionally considered variables such as climate, land cover, topography, and geology, a novel remote sensing (Sentinel-1 & 2) approach was used to study the contribution of surface water storage dynamics to each signature's variability. While climate variables explained much of the variability in the hydrologic signatures, models for five of the six signatures showed an improvement in explanatory power when landscape characteristics were added. Automated variable selection is part of the modeling process and can be indicative of the relative importance of certain variables over others. When all variables were considered, four of the six signature models selected remotely sensed inundation variables. The amount of semi-permanent and permanent floodplain inundation, for example, was both negatively correlated with, and showed the greatest variable importance for wet season flashiness. Further, increases in seasonal floodplain inundation were positively correlated with increases in peak flows. This suggests that the storage of surface water on floodplains is relevant to both flashiness and high flow signatures. In addition, spatial variability in the amount of semi-permanent and permanent non-floodplain water helped explain variability in the baseflow index. These findings suggest that watershed surface water storage dynamics explain a portion of streamflow signature variability. The results underscore the need for protection and restoration of surface water storage systems, such as wetlands, across watersheds.
Contribution to the knowledge of early geotechnics during the 20th century: Laurits Bjerrum
Authors: Guillán-LLorente Gonzalo , Muñoz-Medina Belén , Lara-Galera Antonio Lorenzo , Galindo-Aires Rubén
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The founder of Soil Mechanics, Karl Terzaghi, took the initiative in 1954 to contact the Danish Engineer Laurits Bjerrum to meet him. Terzaghi wanted to meet the engineer who had written a paper on the stability of the unusual Norwegian quick clays at the European Slope Congress in Stockholm. Bjerrum was 36 years old at the time, had a PhD and was already director of the NGI (Norges Geotekniske Institutt – Norwegian Geotechnical Institute). From his position as director of the NGI, he was actively involved in many varied consultancies, placing great value on the continuous interaction between practice and research. Bjerrum's strategy for establishing the NGI came from the experience of other research centres such as the BRS (Building Research Station) in Great Britain and Imperial College London. In addition, having lived through the Nazi occupation of Denmark, he was predisposed against the misuse of authority and established an open structure for the Institute from its inception. Bjerrum was in close contact with the Norwegian Institution of Technology, and in 1952, he succeeded in getting Soil Mechanics incorporated as a compulsory subject in the civil engineering degree. Subsequently, in 1960, the Chair of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering were established. The first laboratory of this chair was equipped with material donated by the NGI. Bjerrum died young (54 years old) but he had built an excellent reputation through his work at the NGI and his contributions to the International Congresses, where he maintained a close relationship with the significant figures in geotechnics: Terzaghi, Skempton, Peck and Casagrande. He made regular trips to the USA, where he was a visiting professor at M.I.T. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and received the highest international decorations.
Progress in the taxonomy of Late Cretaceous high-latitude radiolarians: insights from the Horton River area, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Diaz Juan F. , Suzuki Noritoshi , Galloway Jennifer M. , Bringué Manuel
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Radiolarians have proven to be exceptional tools in biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental studies despite their relatively low preservation potential in the sedimentary record. Reports of Upper Cretaceous radiolarians in high northern latitudes are scant, and their taxonomy is not often discussed in the few reports available in the literature. In this study, we describe one new genus and three new species of polycystine radiolarians from Upper Cretaceous strata of the northern mainland coast of Arctic Canada. The specimens were recovered from the Santonian–middle Campanian Smoking Hills Formation and the middle Campanian–Maastrichtian Mason River Formation and are assigned to the genus Canadasphaera n. gen. (Order Spumellaria) and the species Canadasphaera inuita n. sp., Kuppelella rusti n. sp., and Lithocampe? rara n. sp. The taxonomic notes provided in this study improve our understanding of Late Cretaceous radiolarians from high northern latitudes and serve as a foundation for future Cretaceous radiolarian research in Arctic regions. Canadasphaera: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C6B7B702-4B74-472D-8893-0A41B93A5066, date of registration: 19 April 2024 Canadasphaera inuita: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C30E555B-EE94-4680-87D1-5CE83E128461, date of registration: 19 April 2024 Kuppelella rusti: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68ECB628-2E74-4748-ACA4-DD1A33B05837, date of registration: 19 April 2024 Lithocampe? rara: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25E569B2-93A8-425F-BB7C-D29A0437763F, date of registration: 19 April 2024