bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REALISMOS SURPREENDENTES: O LUGAR DA AÇÃO NO PENSAMENTO DE ANTÔNIO GRAMSCI E HANNAH ARENDT
Authors: Dantas Paulo Fábio
Published: August 2022

O artigo desenvolve uma hipótese de aproximação entre idéias de Antonio Gramsci e Hannah Arendt em torno do tema da ação política, sublinhando aí as questões do sujeito, dos condicionamentos e da realização histórica da ação. Procura demonstrar que os dois autores, não obstante as distintas posições teóricas de que partem, convergem numa refinada percepção, ao mesmo tempo transformadora e realista, das possibilidades e limites da ação e das pretensões científicas e/ou políticas de compreensão e controle sobre ela, no mundo contemporâneo. Além disso, sugere que tal convergência não incompatibiliza os dois pensadores com seus respectivos referenciais filosóficos, podendo, em lugar disso, sugerir fecundos caminhos de apropriação criativa de Marx e Kant, na linha da superação de abismos conceituais e atitudes dogmáticas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gramsci, Arendt, política, ação, regulação THE PUBLIC SPACE NOTION IN HANNA ARENDT The article puts forward the hypothesis that the ideas expressed by Antonio Gramsci and Hannah Arendt on political actions can come closer, emphasizing issues related to subject, conditionings and the historic achievement of action. It tries to demonstrate that the two authors, despite their different theoretical starting points, converge at a refined perception, both transforming and realistic, in terms of possibilities and limits of action, and also the scientific and/or political intentions of comprehension and control in the contemporaneous world. Besides that, it suggests that the referred convergence does not make the two thinkers incompatible with their respective philosophical references. Instead, it suggests fertile ways for the creative appropriation of Marx and Kant to overcome conceptual abysses and dogmatic attitudes. KEY WORDS: Gramsci, Arendt, politics, action and regulation Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Hipóteses Sobre a Nova Exclusão Social: dos excluídos necessários aos excluídos desnecessários
Authors: Pinheiro do Nascimento Elimar
Published: August 2022

O texto desenha algumas hipóteses a respeito da exclusão social moderna, concluindo que a produção dos novos excluídos parece ser o sinal mais evidente de que a questão social mudou de natureza. O autor mostra como o processo de desenvolvimento no Brasil e suas transformações mais recentes poderão transformar o "excluído necessário" ou o "incluído incômodo", no "excluído perigoso", desnecessário, do ponto de vista da economia, sujeito, até mesmo, à eliminação. Uma tendência que poderá ser evitada, se o desenvolvimento for retomado em outros termos. Hypotheses on the new social exclusion: from the 'necessarity excluded" to the "unnecessary excluded' Elimar Pinheiro do Nascimento This paper presents some hypotheses about modern social exclusion, and draws out some conclusions about the changing nature of the social conditions which produce these new excluded actors. Development in Brazil and its most recent changes are discussed exposing how the "unnecessarity excluded" or the "inconvenienthy included" actor could be made into a "dangerously excluded", which is economically unnecessary and who even risks elimination. This tendency could be changed if development expands under different conditions. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Desafios Competitivos para a Petroquímica Brasileira
Authors: Guerra Oswaldo
Published: August 2022

Este artigo examina os atuais desafios que enfrenta a petroquímica brasileira. Apoiado no conceito de competitividade, tal como proposto por Fajnzylber (1988), Porter (1993) e pelo ECIB (1993), e tomando como referência as principais tendências internacionais dessa indústria, ele identifica os principais obstáculos ao incremento da competitividade deste setor industrial no Brasil. Na conclusão, destaca o processo de reestruturação que ele vem passando, situando o papel desempenhado pela privatização nesse processo. Competitive challenges for the Brazilian petrochemical industry Oswaldo Guerra This article examines the actual stage of competitiveness in the Brazilian petrochemical industry. Major topics such as structural changes in the world of the petrochemical industry, the emergence of new technologies and the transnational corporations' strategies are analyzed. This is followed by an explanation of the market structure, the firms' strategies, the role of state policies, the privatization process and the performance of this industrial sector in Brazil. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Contra o Feitiço Patrimonial: A Alforria das Cidades
Authors: Martins Paulo Henrique N.
Published: August 2022

O texto mostra a necessidade de revisão dos paradigmas do desenvolvimento nacional e o que isto significa, tanto para repensar a idéia de poder local como para que as cidades ganhem uma nova visibilidade política na montagem das estratégias modernizadores. O autor sustenta sua tese em três argumentos: uma crítica ao desenvolvimentismo; resgata a importância da cidade ocidental como lugar privilegiado para compreensão das origens da modernidade; elabora algumas considerações sobre o significado e pertinência do conceito de cidadania cosmopolítica. Por fim, o autor coloca a necessidade de repensar a economia como instituição cultural, o que poderia ajudar a quebrar a magia positivista do fenômeno construído no imaginário da Sociedade Brasileira. Against patrimonial spell: the freedom of the cities Paulo Henrique N. Martins This paper is about the importance of reviewing national development patterns and their relevance for new ideas about local power and the role of the city's in new modernizing political strategies. Three main arguments are presented: firstly, a critique of the economic view of development which reduced the problem of crisis to that of economic and financial mismanagement, or to a unbalanced national economy; secondly, it reinstates the idea of the western city as the priviledged place where modernity originated and; thirdly, it suggests some considerations about the meaning and relevance of a broad cosmopolitan citizenry. Finally, it is argued that economics should be thought of as a cultural institution, which could open the way for a rupture in the positivist spell existing in the imagery of Brazilian society at large. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O MOVIMENTO INDIGENISTA DO NACIONAL POPULISMO AO NEO-LIBERALISMO
Authors: Gros Christian
Published: August 2022

A compreensão do desenvolvimento de um movimento indígena a partir dos anos 70 remete a uma série de fatores de ordem estrutural que afeiam diversamente as populações indígenas. O movimento não resultou da intervenção de uma nova política indigenista, implementada pelo poder; ao contrário, esta ocorre quase sempre como reação à mobilização social Tal interlocução política agiu em favor de uma certa institucionalização do movimento indígena por parte das autoridades políticas, com o que se reforçou a legitimidade de cada um dos atores, como se observou em outros processos históricos, envolvendo sujeitos de outra natureza. The Indian Movement From Nacional-Popularism to Neo-Liberalism Christian Gros The understanding of the development of an indian movement originating in the seventies leads us to a series of structural factors that affect the indian populations in diverse ways. The movement did not result from the intervention of new indian politics implemented by the ruling power; to the contrary, this occurs nearly always as a reaction to social mobilization. Such political interlocution acted in favour of a certain institutionalizing of the indian movement on the part of the political authorities, with which the legitimacy of each one of the participants is reenforced, as has been observed in other historical processes, involving subjects of another nature.  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
MODERNIZAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA E FORMAÇÃO DOS COLETIVOS FABRIS
Authors: Fartes Vera Lúcia
Published: August 2022

O presente texto é resultado de uma pesquisa onde se buscou estudar o processo de qualificação dos coletivos de trabalhadores, concebidos a partir do ensino técnico profissional, no contexto de modernização tecnológica pelo qual passou a Região Metropolitana de Salvador com a instalação do Polo Petroquímico de Camaçari. Partindo de análises documentais e da fala de ex-alunos e exprofessores, procuramos entender e explicar como ou se o processo de qualificação daquela modalidade particular de força de trabalho tem propiciado a formação de uma nova coletividade de trabalhadores, com maiores bases de conhecimento, experiências e controle sobre o processo produtivo. As evidências empíricas sugeriram-nos que, apesar das propostas legais da união da educação técnica com a educação humanística, a formação dos alunos ocorreu de forma contraditória aos requisitos dos modernos processos de trabalho. TECHNOLOGICALl MODERNIZATION AND THE FORMATION OF FACTORY ASSOCIATIONS Vera Lúcia Bueno Fartes The present text is a result of research in which the process of qualification of workers' associations, originating from professional technical training, in the context of technological modernization through which the Metropolitan Region of Salvador passed with the installation of the Petrochemical Plant of Camaçari, was studied. Starting from the analyses of documents and from the discourse of exstudents and ex-teachers, we aimed to explain how or if the process of qualification of this specific form of work force gave rise to the formation of a new workers' collectivism, with greater knowledge, experience and control over the productive process. The empirical evidence suggested to us that, despite the legal proposals of the union of technical with humanistic education, the formation of students occurred in a way that is contradictory to the needs of modern work processes. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
NEM TUDO QUE RELUZ É OURO: O JUST-IN-TIME E O MITO DA SUPERAÇÃO DO TAYLORISMO
Authors: Delayti Paulo César
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo avalia criticamente a adoção do “Just-in-Time”  (JIT) como instrumento gerencial inovador e de superação do paradigma Taylorista/Fordista a partir do exame de três aspectos comparativos: 1) os elementos constitutivos do JIT e do Taylorismo, no seu construto teórico e na sua práxis; 2) a postulada nova integração entre produtores e fornecedores; e 3) a emergência do operário multifuncional. Após essas análises, são discutidas as limitações e os problemas resultantes do transplante do JIT para empresas ocidentais. Finalmente, o autor mostra, concluindo criticamente, que a adoção do JIT tem aprofundado os padrões de coercitividade sobre a força de trabalho, com altos custos  em termos sócio-políticos, de desgaste da mão-de-obra, e de perda de direitos conquistados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:just-in-time; gestão do trabalho; taylorismo; fordismo; toyotismo; produção industrial. All that glitters is not gold: JUST in time and the myth of overcoming taylorism     This study provides a critical evaluation of adopting Just-in-Time (JIT) as an innovative management tool which also supersedes the Taylorist/Fordist paradigm, based on three comparative aspects: (1) the basic elements of JIT and of Taylorism in their theoretical and  practical constructs; (2) the postulated novel integration between producers and suppliers; and (3) the emergence of the multifunctional worker. After this analysis, the limitations and problems related to the transplantation of JIT to western enterprises are discussed. Finally, the author points out, concluding critically, that the adoption of JIT has deepened the coercitive patterns imposed upon the work force, resulting in higher costs related to conflicted social-political relationships, to the wearing away of the labor force, and to the loss of acquired benefits. KEY WORDS: just-in-time; work management; Taylorism; Fordism; Toyorism; industrial production. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Examining Access to Digital Technology by Race and Ethnicity and Child Health Status Among Chicago Families
Authors: Kan Kristin , Heard-Garris Nia , Bendelow Anne , Morales Lu , Lewis-Thames Marquita W. , Davis Matthew M. , Heffernan Marie
Published: August 2022

This cross-sectional study characterizes the type and quality of digital access among racially and ethnically as well as socioeconomically diverse households with children in Chicago.
World Health Organization 2021 Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and Implications for Therapy for Adult-Type Gliomas
Authors: Berger Tamar R. , Wen Patrick Y. , Lang-Orsini Melanie , Chukwueke Ugonma N.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Previous histologic classifications of brain tumors have been limited by discrepancies in diagnoses reported by neuropathologists and variability in outcomes and response to therapies. Such diagnostic discrepancies have impaired clinicians’ ability to select the most appropriate therapies for patients and have allowed heterogeneous populations of patients to be enrolled in clinical trials, hindering the development of more effective therapies. In adult-type diffuse gliomas, histologic classification has a particularly important effect on clinical care.

Observations

In 2021, the World Health Organization published the fifth edition of the Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. This classification incorporates advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of brain tumors with histopathology in order to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. As such, tumor classification is significantly improved through better characterized natural histories. These changes have particularly important implications for gliomas. For the first time, adult- and pediatric-type gliomas are classified separately on the basis of differences in molecular pathogenesis and prognosis. Furthermore, the previous broad category of adult-type diffuse gliomas has been consolidated into 3 types: astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant; oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p/19q codeleted; and glioblastoma, IDH wild type. These major changes are driven by IDH mutation status and include the restriction of the diagnosis of glioblastoma to tumors that are IDH wild type; the reclassification of tumors previously diagnosed as IDH-mutated glioblastomas as astrocytomas IDH mutated, grade 4; and the requirement for the presence of IDH mutations to classify tumors as astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas.

Conclusions and Relevance

The 2021 World Health Organization central nervous system tumor classification is a major advance toward improving the diagnosis of brain tumors. It will provide clinicians with more accurate guidance on prognosis and optimal therapy for patients and ensure that more homogenous patient populations are enrolled in clinical trials, potentially facilitating the development of more effective therapies.
A simplified and easy‐to‐use HIP HOP assay provides insights into chalcone antifungal mechanisms of action
Authors: Prescott Thomas A. K. , Anaissi‐Afonso Laura , Fox Keith R. , Maxwell Anthony , Panaretou Barry , Machín Félix
Published: August 2022

Elucidating the mechanism of action of an antifungal or cytotoxic compound is a time‐consuming process. Yeast chemogenomic profiling provides a compelling solution to the problem but is experimentally complex. Here, we demonstrate the use of a highly simplified yeast chemical genetic assay comprising just 89 yeast deletion strains, each diagnostic for a specific mechanism of action. We use the assay to investigate the mechanism of action of two antifungal chalcone compounds, trans‐chalcone and 4′‐hydroxychalcone, and narrow down the mechanism to transcriptional stress. Crucially, the assay eliminates mechanisms of action such as topoisomerase I inhibition and membrane disruption that have been suggested for related chalcone compounds. We propose this simplified assay as a useful tool to rapidly identify common off‐target mechanisms.
Assessment of using a gamma index analysis for patient‐specific quality assurance in Japan
Authors: Anetai Yusuke , Sumida Iori , Kumazaki Yu , Kito Satoshi , Kurooka Masahiko , Ueda Yoshihiro , Otani Yuki , Narita Yuichiro , Kawamorita Ryu , Akita Kazuhiko , Kato Takahiro , Nakamura Mitsuhiro
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The Task Group 218 (TG‐218) report was published by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine in 2018, recommending the appropriate use of gamma index analysis for patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA). The paper demonstrates that PSQA for radiotherapy in Japan appropriately applies the gamma index analysis considering TG‐218.

Materials/methods

This survey estimated the acceptance state of radiotherapeutic institutes or facilities in Japan for the guideline using a web‐based questionnaire. To investigate an appropriate PSQA of the facility‐specific conditions, we researched an optimal tolerance or action level for various clinical situations, including different treatment machines, clinical policies, measurement devices, staff or their skills, and patient conditions. The responded data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS). The PCA focused on factor loading values of the first contribution over 0.5, whereas the MDS focused on mapped distances among data.

Results

Responses were obtained from 148 facilities that use intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), which accounted for 42.8% of the probable IMRT use in Japan. This survey revealed the appropriate application of the following universal criteria for gamma index analysis from the guideline recommendation despite the facility‐specific variations (treatment machines/the number of IMRT cases/facility attributes/responded [representative] expertise or staff): (a) 95% pass rate, (b) 3% dose difference and 2‐mm distance‐to‐agreement, and (c) 10% threshold dose. Conditions (a)–(c) were the principal components of the data by the PCA method and were mapped in a similar distance range, which was easily clustered from other gamma index analytic factors by the MDS method. Conditions (a)–(c) were the universally essential factors for the PSQA in Japan.

Conclusion

We found that the majority of facilities using IMRT in each region of Japan complied with the guideline and conducted PSQA with deliberation under the individual facility‐specific conditions.
Adaptive event‐triggered fault detection for nonlinear positive semi‐Markov jump systems
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Junfeng , Lin Peng
Published: August 2022

This article investigates the asynchronous fault detection filter of nonlinear positive semi‐Markov jump systems with disturbances and actuator faults based on adaptive event‐triggering scheme. First, an adaptive event‐triggering strategy in the linear form is presented and a framework on the fault detection filter is established. Then, a hidden semi‐Markov model is introduced to describe the asynchronous phenomenon between the original system and the filter and thus an augmented fault detection system is constructed. Using stochastic Lyapunov functions and linear programming, the filter gains are determined for guaranteeing the positivity and stochastic stability with hybrid performance. Compared with existing results, the novelties of the proposed design lie in: (i) a new adaptive event‐triggered strategy is constructed, which improves the existing static one, (ii) an adaptive event‐triggered asynchronous filter is proposed for the underlying systems, (iii) hybrid gain performances of the filter are obtained with respect to the disturbance and fault, and (iv) a linear programming‐based computation method is given to determine the filter gains. Finally, one illustrate example is provided to verify the validity of the results in this article.
Remote Magnetic Microengineering and Alignment of Spheroids into 3D Cellular Fibers
Authors: Demri Noam , Dumas Simon , Nguyen Manh‐Louis , Gropplero Giacomo , Abou‐Hassan Ali , Descroix Stéphanie , Wilhelm Claire
Published: August 2022

Developing in vitro models that recapitulate the in vivo organization of living cells in a 3D microenvironment is one of the current challenges in the field of tissue engineering. In particular for anisotropic tissues where alignment of precursor cells is required for them to create functional structures. Herein, a new method is proposed that allows aligning in the direction of a uniform magnetic field both individual cells (muscle, stromal, and stem cells) or spheroids in a thermoresponsive collagen hydrogel. In an all‐in‐one approach, spheroids are generated at high throughput by magnetic engineering using microfabricated micromagnets and are used as building blocks to create 3D anisotropic tissue structures of different scales. The magnetic cells and spheroids alignment process is optimized in terms of magnetic cell labeling, concentration, and size. Anisotropic structures are induced to form fibers in the direction of the magnetic alignment, with the respective roles of the magnetic field, the mechanical stretching of hydrogel or co‐culture of the aligned cells with non‐magnetic stromal cells, being investigated. Over days, spheroids fuse into 3D tubular structures, oriented in the direction of the magnetic alignment. Moreover, in the case of the muscle cells model, multinucleated cells can be observed within the fibers.
Perpendicularly Reversed Polarization Sensitivity of Double‐faced Photodetection based on Sb2Se3 Microbelt
Authors: Wan Peng , Jiang Mingming , Su Longxing , Xia Sihao , Wei Yun , Xu Tong , Liu Yang , Shi Daning , Fang Xiaosheng , Kan Caixia
Published: August 2022

Low‐dimensional polarization‐sensitive photodetectors have captured ever‐increasing attention due to their unique applications in navigation, optical switching, and communication. However, to date, the study of dimensionality‐dependent polarization‐sensitive photodetectors has not received much attention. Herein, a double‐faced polarization‐sensitive photodetector based on an individual high‐quality Sb2Se3 microbelt is proposed, where both the wide and narrow side facets serve as irradiation targets. Polarization‐sensitive measurements reveal the anisotropy in the photocurrents recorded parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the Sb2Se3 microbelt. Strikingly, the single Sb2Se3 microbelt photodetector reveals the obvious perpendicular reversal with a 90° angle on polarization sensitivity from the wide surface to the narrow surface. With decreasing inclination angle, the anisotropic ratio varies from 1.18 to 0.87 gradually. Interestingly, the photodetector can lose its polarization sensitivity at a particular inclination angle. Angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy confirms the asymmetry and anisotropic character of the Sb2Se3 microbelt. The polarization sensitivity of the Sb2Se3 microbelt photodetectors originates from the optical anisotropy induced by the crystal structure anisotropy, rather than one‐dimensional geometry morphological anisotropy. The use of an anisotropic Sb2Se3 microbelt in double‐faced polarization‐sensitive photodetection may contribute to new functionality in innovative optoelectronic applications.
Atomically Thin, Ionic–Covalent Organic Nanosheets for Stable, High‐Performance Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction
Authors: Song Yun , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Dou Yubing , Zhu Zhaohua , Su Jianjun , Huang Libei , Guo Weihua , Cao Xiaohu , Cheng Le , Zhu Zonglong , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhong Xiaoyan , Yang Dengtao , Wang Zhaoyu , Tang Ben Zhong , Yakobson Boris I. , Ye Ruquan
Published: August 2022

The incorporation of charged functional groups is effective to modulate the activity of molecular complexes for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), yet long‐term heterogeneous electrolysis is often hampered by catalyst leaching. Herein, an electrocatalyst of atomically thin, cobalt‐porphyrin‐based, ionic–covalent organic nanosheets (CoTAP‐iCONs) is synthesized via a post‐synthetic modification strategy for high‐performance CO2‐to‐CO conversion. The cationic quaternary ammonium groups not only enable the formation of monolayer nanosheets due to steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion, but also facilitate the formation of a *COOH intermediate, as suggested by theoretical calculations. Consequently, CoTAP‐iCONs exhibit higher CO2RR activity than other cobalt‐porphyrin‐based structures: an 870% and 480% improvement of CO current densities compared to the monomer and neutral nanosheets, respectively. Additionally, the iCONs structure can accommodate the cationic moieties. In a flow cell, CoTAP‐iCONs attain a very small onset overpotential of 40 mV and a stable total current density of 212 mA cm–2 with CO Faradaic efficiency of >95% at −0.6 V for 11 h. Further coupling the flow electrolyzer with commercial solar cells yields a solar‐to‐CO conversion efficiency of 13.89%. This work indicates that atom‐thin, ionic nanosheets represent a promising structure for achieving both tailored activity and high stability.
Judicious Design and Rapid Manufacturing of a Flexible, Mechanically Resistant Liquid‐Like Coating with Strong Bonding and Antifouling Abilities
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Huang Jianying , Zang Xuerui , Xu Xuanfei , Cai Weilong , Lin Zhiqun , Lai Yuekun
Published: August 2022

Fluorine‐free liquid‐repellent coatings have been highly demanded for a variety of applications. However, rapid formation of coatings possessing outstanding oil repellency and strong bonding ability as well as good mechanical strength (e.g., bendability, impact resistance, and scratch resistance) remains a grand challenge. Herein, a robust strategy to rapidly create fluorine‐free oil‐repellent coatings in only 30 s via rational design of a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network structure is reported. The resulting coating manifests strong bonding capability both in air and underwater. More importantly, it not only provides unprecedented oil repellency, even to high‐viscosity crude oil, but also achieves both excellent bendability and hardness. This simple yet effective design strategy opens up a new avenue to manufacture multifunctional materials and devices with desirable features and structural complexities for applications in sustainable antifouling, drag reduction, nondestructive transportation, liquid collection, and biomedicine, among other areas.
Probing the Spin Dimensionality in Single‐Layer CrSBr Van Der Waals Heterostructures by Magneto‐Transport Measurements
Authors: Boix‐Constant Carla , Mañas‐Valero Samuel , Ruiz Alberto M. , Rybakov Andrey , Konieczny Krzysztof Aleksander , Pillet Sébastien , Baldoví José J. , Coronado Eugenio
Published: August 2022

2D magnetic materials offer unprecedented opportunities for fundamental and applied research in spintronics and magnonics. Beyond the pioneering studies on 2D CrI3 and Cr2Ge2Te6, the field has expanded to 2D antiferromagnets exhibiting different spin anisotropies and textures. Of particular interest is the layered metamagnet CrSBr, a relatively air‐stable semiconductor formed by antiferromagnetically‐coupled ferromagnetic layers (Tc∼150 K) that can be exfoliated down to the single‐layer. It presents a complex magnetic behavior with a dynamic magnetic crossover, exhibiting a low‐temperature hidden‐order below T*∼40 K. Here, the magneto‐transport properties of CrSBr vertical heterostructures in the 2D limit are inspected. The results demonstrate the marked low‐dimensional character of the ferromagnetic monolayer, with short‐range correlations above Tc and an Ising‐type in‐plane anisotropy, being the spins spontaneously aligned along the easy axis b below Tc. By applying moderate magnetic fields along a and c axes, a spin‐reorientation occurs, leading to a magnetoresistance enhancement below T*. In multilayers, a spin‐valve behavior is observed, with negative magnetoresistance strongly enhanced along the three directions below T*. These results show that CrSBr monolayer/bilayer provides an ideal platform for studying and controlling field‐induced phenomena in two‐dimensions, offering new insights regarding 2D magnets and their integration into vertical spintronic devices.
Simultaneously Enhancing Exciton/Charge Transport in Organic Solar Cells by an Organoboron Additive
Authors: Lu Heng , Chen Kai , Bobba Raja Sekhar , Shi Jiangjian , Li Mengyang , Wang Yilin , Xue Jingwei , Xue Peiyao , Zheng Xiaojian , Thorn Karen E. , Wagner Isabella , Lin Chao‐Yang , Song Yin , Ma Wei , Tang Zheng , Meng Qingbo , Qiao Quinn , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: August 2022

Efficient exciton diffusion and charge transport play a vital role in advancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a facile strategy is presented to simultaneously enhance exciton/charge transport of the widely studied PM6:Y6‐based OSCs by employing highly emissive trans‐bis(dimesitylboron)stilbene (BBS) as a solid additive. BBS transforms the emissive sites from a more H‐type aggregate into a more J‐type aggregate, which benefits the resonance energy transfer for PM6 exciton diffusion and energy transfer from PM6 to Y6. Transient gated photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements indicate that addition of BBS improves the exciton diffusion coefficient of PM6 and the dissociation of PM6 excitons in the PM6:Y6:BBS film. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements confirm faster charge generation in PM6:Y6:BBS. Moreover, BBS helps improve Y6 crystallization, and current‐sensing atomic force microscopy characterization reveals an improved charge‐carrier diffusion length in PM6:Y6:BBS. Owing to the enhanced exciton diffusion, exciton dissociation, charge generation, and charge transport, as well as reduced charge recombination and energy loss, a higher PCE of 17.6% with simultaneously improved open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, and fill factor is achieved for the PM6:Y6:BBS devices compared to the devices without BBS (16.2%).
From Ferroelectric Material Optimization to Neuromorphic Devices
Authors: Mikolajick Thomas , Park Min Hyuk , Begon‐Lours Laura , Slesazeck Stefan
Published: August 2022

Due to the voltage driven switching at low voltages combined with nonvolatility of the achieved polarization state, ferroelectric materials have a unique potential for low power nonvolatile electronic devices. The competitivity of such devices is hindered by compatibility issues of well‐known ferroelectrics with established semiconductor technology. The discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide changed this situation. The natural application of nonvolatile devices is as a memory cell. Nonvolatile memory devices also built the basis for other applications like in‐memory or neuromorphic computing. Three different basic ferroelectric devices can be constructed: ferroelectric capacitors, ferroelectric field effect transistors and ferroelectric tunneling junctions. In this article first the material science of the ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide will be summarized with a special focus on tailoring the switching characteristics towards different applications.The current status of nonvolatile ferroelectric memories then lays the ground for looking into applications like in‐memory computing. Finally, a special focus will be given to showcase how the basic building blocks of spiking neural networks, the neuron and the synapse, can be realized and how they can be combined to realize neuromorphic computing systems. A summary, comparison with other technologies like resistive switching devices and an outlook completes the paper.
All‐Polymer Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Balanced Ionic and Electronic Transport
Authors: Wu Xihu , Tam Teck Lip Dexter , Chen Shuai , Salim Teddy , Zhao Xiaoming , Zhou Zhongliang , Lin Ming , Xu Jianwei , Loo Yueh‐Lin , Leong Wei Lin
Published: August 2022

The rapid development of organic electrochemical transistor (OECTs)‐based circuits brings new opportunities for next‐generation integrated bioelectronics. The all‐polymer bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) offers an attractive, inexpensive alternative to achieve efficient ambipolar OECTs, and building blocks of logic circuits constructed from them, but have not been investigated to date. Here, the first all‐polymer BHJ‐based OECTs are reported, consisting of a blend of new p‐type ladder conjugated polymer and a state‐of‐the‐art n‐type ladder polymer. The whole ladder‐type polymer BHJ also proves that side chains are not necessary for good ion transport. Instead, the polymer nanostructures play a critical role in the ion penetration and transportation and thus in the device performance. It also provides a facile strategy and simplifies the fabrication process, forgoing the need to pattern multiple active layers. In addition, the development of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐like OECTs allows the pursuit of advanced functional logic circuitry, including inverters and NAND gates, as well as for amplifying electrophysiology signals. This work opens a new approach to the design of new materials for OECTs and will contribute to the development of organic heterojunctions for ambipolar OECTs toward high‐performing logic circuits.
Narrowband Monolithic Perovskite–Perovskite Tandem Photodetectors
Authors: Martínez‐Goyeneche Lucía , Gil‐Escrig Lidón , Susic Isidora , Tordera Daniel , Bolink Henk J. , Sessolo Michele
Published: August 2022

Narrowband photodetectors (PDs) are sought after for many applications requiring selective spectral response. The most common systems combine optical bandpass filters with broadband photodiodes. This work reports a method to obtain a narrowband response in a perovskite PD by the monolithic integration of a perovskite photoconductor and a perovskite photodiode. The spectral response of the tandem PD is determined by the bandgap energy difference of the two perovskites, and exhibits a full width at half maximum below 85 nm, an external quantum efficiency up to 68% and a high specific detectivity of ≈1012 Jones in reverse bias, enabling the device to detect weak light signals. The absorption profile of the narrowband PD can be tuned by changing the thickness and bandgap of the wide bandgap perovskite absorber.
High‐Performance Blue Electroluminescence Devices Based on Linear Gold(I) Complexes as Ultrafast Triplet Exciton Harvesters
Authors: Heo Seunga , Jung Yongsik , Kim Joonghyuk , Kim Inkoo , Bae Hye Jin , Son Won‐Joon , Choi Hyeonho , You Youngmin
Published: August 2022

Achieving large external quantum efficiencies, narrow bandwidths, and a long operational lifetime at high brightness remains the largest hurdle to developing organic blue‐emitting devices. Here, a material strategy is demonstrated that can meet these conditions. The strategy is based on linear heteroleptic Au(I) complex exciton harvesters and multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters. The organic electroluminescence devices produce blue emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.108, 0.160), a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum value of 20 nm, and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 30.2%. Notably, the EQE value remains 22.2% at 2000 cd m−2, whereas conventional control devices with an organic exciton harvester suffer from huge roll‐offs in quantum efficiency. An additional benefit of the device is a one‐order‐of‐magnitude improvement in its operational lifetime compared with that of the control device. Finally, the investigations reveal that the improvements are attributable to the unique ability of the Au(I) complexes for ultrafast triplet exciton harvest. In addition, the Au(I) complexes can facilitate Förster energy transfer to the MR‐TADF emitter, with effective suppression of hazardous triplet–triplet Dexter energy transfer. It is believed that the research is helpful in commercializing high‐efficiency and stable blue electroluminescence devices.
Machine Learning‐Based Lifetime Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Cells
Authors: Schofer Kai , Laufer Florian , Stadler Jochen , Hahn Severin , Gaiselmann Gerd , Latz Arnulf , Birke Kai P.
Published: August 2022

Precise lifetime predictions for lithium‐ion cells are crucial for efficient battery development and thus enable profitable electric vehicles and a sustainable transformation towards zero‐emission mobility. However, limitations remain due to the complex degradation of lithium‐ion cells, strongly influenced by cell design as well as operating and storage conditions. To overcome them, a machine learning framework is developed based on symbolic regression via genetic programming. This evolutionary algorithm is capable of inferring physically interpretable models from cell aging data without requiring domain knowledge. This novel approach is compared against established approaches in case studies, which represent common tasks of lifetime prediction based on cycle and calendar aging data of 104 automotive lithium‐ion pouch‐cells. On average, predictive accuracy for extrapolations over storage time and energy throughput is increased by 38% and 13%, respectively. For predictions over other stress factors, error reductions of up to 77% are achieved. Furthermore, the evolutionary generated aging models meet requirements regarding applicability, generalizability, and interpretability. This highlights the potential of evolutionary algorithms to enhance cell aging predictions as well as insights.
Direct Tracking of Additive‐Regulated Evolution on the Lithium Anode in Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Gui‐Xian , Wan Jing , Shi Yang , Guo Hui‐Juan , Song Yue‐Xian , Jiang Ke‐Cheng , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wen Rui , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: August 2022

The complicated problems confronted by lithium (Li) anode hinder the practical application of quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur (QSSLS) batteries. However, the interfacial processes and reaction mechanisms, which are still vague, pose challenges to disclose. Herein, the insoluble sulfides stacking and Li dendrites growth on the Li anode are real‐time monitored via in‐situ atomic force microscopy inside the working QSSLS batteries. In the LiNO3‐added electrolyte, it is detected that the formation process of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) involves two stages, forming loose nanoparticles (NPs, ≈102 nm) at the open circuit potential and dense NPs (≈74 nm) during discharging owing to the synergism of Li polysulfides (LiPSs) and LiNO3. The compact SEI film not only blocks the erosion of LiPSs but also homogenizes the Li deposition behaviors, leading to the electrochemical performance enhancement of QSSLS batteries. These straightforward insights uncover the additive‐manipulated morphological/chemical evolution and interfacial properties and thus facilitate the improvement of QSSLS batteries.
Interface and Defect Engineered Titanium‐Base Oxide Heterostructures Synchronizing High‐Rate and Ultrastable Sodium Storage
Authors: Meng Weijia , Dang Zhenzhen , Li Diansen , Jiang Lei , Fang Daining
Published: August 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries are a promising large‐scale electrochemical energy storage system because of their excellent cost advantage compared with lithium‐ion batteries. However, the lack of high safety, low cost, and long service life anode materials hinder its actual development. Here, a sodium titanate/titanium dioxide/C (C‐NTC) heterostructure composite is reported with oxygen vacancies (OVs) that delivers a high specific capacity of 92.6 mAh g‐1 at 5 A g‐1 after 35 000 cycles (100% capacity retention) and excellent rate performance of 54 mAh g‐1 at 20 A g‐1 when tested in combination with a Na‐metal anode. Moreover, sodium‐ion full batteries assembled with C‐NTC as the anode and Na3V2(PO4)3@C‐BN as the cathode demonstrates a high specific capacity after 5500 cycles. Electrochemical kinetic tests and density functional theory measurements confirm that the synergistic effect of heterostructure and OVs accelerate the ion/electron transfer kinetics, the stable frame structure, and solid electrolyte interphase layer ensuring the long cycle life. Ex‐situ X‐ray photon spectroscopy reveals that the generation of Ti0 by disproportionation reactions may be responsible for the degradation of Ti‐based oxide performance, which provides unique insight and guidance for the design of titanium‐based electrodes with ultra‐long cycle life.
Recent Advances in CsPbX3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Focus on Crystallization Characteristics and Controlling Strategies
Authors: Yang Shaomin , Duan Yuwei , Liu Zhike , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: August 2022

All‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl or their mixtures) perovskites attract enormous attention in recent years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, outstanding thermal/light stability, and wide range of applications in electronic devices. Encouragingly, the reported power conversion efficiency of CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rockets up from 2.9% in 2015 to the present 21.0%. In order to further promote the performance of CsPbX3 PSCs toward the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit, it is important to optimize the quality of perovskite films by crystallization kinetics modulation and defect suppression. In this review, first, some fundamental information about all‐inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites is briefly introduced, including the crystallization mechanism, growth mode, crystal structure, and phase stability as well as possible defects and their effects on device performance. Second, the recent exciting progress of the crystallization modulation strategies for high‐quality CsPbX3 films is summarized and discussed in detail. The advantages of different strategies, including annealing engineering, solvent engineering, precursor engineering, composition engineering, and interface engineering, are highlighted. Finally, methods for improving the efficiency of inorganic PSCs are discussed, and the future development prospects of inorganic PSCs are also outlined.
In Situ Catalytic Polymerization of a Highly Homogeneous PDOL Composite Electrolyte for Long‐Cycle High‐Voltage Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhang Bo , Jing Maoxiang , Shen Xiangqian , Wang Li , Xu Hong , Yan Xiaohong , He Xiangming
Published: August 2022

High energy density solid‐state lithium batteries require good ionic conductive solid electrolytes (SE) and stable matching with high‐voltage electrode materials. Here, a highly homogeneous poly(1,3‐dioxolane) composite solid electrolyte (CSE) membrane that can satisfy the above‐mentioned requirements by in situ catalytic polymerization effect of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles on the polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), is reported. The well‐dispersed YSZ nanoparticle catalyst leads to the polymerization conversion of DOL monomers up to 98.5%, which enlarges its electrochemical window exceeding 4.9 V. YSZ also significantly improves the room temperature ionic conductivity (2.75 × 10−4 S cm−1) and enhances the cycle life of lithium metal anode. Based on this CSE, the Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2 (NCM622)‐based solid‐state lithium battery shows a long cycle life over 800 cycles. This investigation encourages polymer SE toward practical high energy solid‐state batteries.
Environmental productivity index GIS‐based model to estimate prickly pear biomass potential availability for biogas production
Authors: Leanza Paola Maria , Valenti Francesca , D'Urso Provvidenza Rita , Arcidiacono Claudia
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, climate change is the environmental issue facing the world. To reach the 2030 European Union goals, recently, biogas production through anaerobic digestion has developed significantly, by using alternative biomass sources due to the competition between food and no‐food products. In this regard, Opuntia ficus‐indica (OFI) has been suggested as a suitable new biomass for producing biomethane within the context of circular economy. In this study, a predictive methodology was applied by combining the Nobel model of environmental productivity index (EPI) and geographic information system (GIS), with the aim of estimating OFI biomass amount, as well as biogas and electricity potential production. The GIS analyses allowed the identification of the most suitable territorial areas for producing biogas from OFI, and an estimation of electricity production. The achieved results are highly valuable information for strategic planning of biogas sector development and could be relevant to the intervention priorities established by the EU.
Differences in prognosis and underuse of adjuvant chemotherapy between elderly and non‐elderly patients in stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Ogawa Hiroomi , Shioi Ikuma , Ozawa Naoya , Osone Katsuya , Okada Takuhisa , Sohda Makoto , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Aim

We aimed to clarify the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and the prognosis of elderly colorectal cancer patients compared with non‐elderly patients, and the usefulness of sarcopenia as an indicator for the introduction and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Between 2013 and 2021, 215 patients with pStage III disease were included. We investigated perioperative clinicopathological factors, adjuvant chemotherapy details, and prognosis. Preoperative sarcopenia status was evaluated using computed tomography images. Elderly patients were defined as those aged ≥70 years.

Results

We included 121 (56.3%) and 94 (43.7%) non‐elderly and elderly patients, respectively. Among the elderly patients, 47 had sarcopenia. There were no significant differences in the incompletion rate of adjuvant chemotherapy between elderly and non‐elderly patients (27.1%/16.2%, P = 0.119). The most common reason for the discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy was side effects, regardless of age. The respective 3‐year‐disease free survival of patients with no/completed/incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy were 65.5%, 80.2%, and 57.7% for non‐elderly patients (P = 0.045) and 73.4%, 70.6%, and 71.6% for elderly patients (P = 0.924). The number of elderly patients with sarcopenia was significantly higher in patients without adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.004) and those with incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.004). The 3‐year‐disease free survival of elderly sarcopenic patients without and with adjuvant chemotherapy were 78.3% and 59.2%, respectively (P = 0.833).

Conclusion

Elderly patients did not show a benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy regardless of whether they had completed adjuvant chemotherapy, unlike non‐elderly patients. Moreover, the evaluation of preoperative sarcopenia in elderly colorectal cancer patients may be useful in determining the indication for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Controllable membrane damage by tunable peptide aggregation with albumin
Authors: Hamsici Seren , Gunay Gokhan , Acar Handan
Published: August 2022

Aggregation of otherwise soluble proteins into amyloid structures is a hallmark of many disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. There is an increasing evidence that the small aggregations, instead of ordered fibrillar aggregates, are the main structures causing toxicity. However, the studies on the small aggregation phase are limited due to the variety of structures and the complexity of the physiological environment. Here, we showed an engineered co‐assembling oppositely charged amyloid‐like peptide pair ([II]) as a simple tool to establish methodologies to study the mechanism and kinetics of aggregation and relate its aggregation to toxicity. The toxicity mechanism of [II] is through cell membrane damage and stress, shown with YAP and eIF2α, as in the amyloid protein‐initiated diseases. Albumin is demonstrated as an extrinsic and physiologically relevant molecule in controlling the aggregation lag time and toxicity of [II]. This study represents a molecular engineering strategy to create simplistic molecular tools for establishing methodologies to study the aggregation process and kinetics of amyloid‐like proteins in various conditions. Understanding the nature of protein aggregation kinetics and linking them to their biological functions through engineered peptides paves the way for future designs and drug development applications.