bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Heat-Processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extract (Actiponin®) and Its Components on Cartilage Breakdown in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lee Seul Ah , Lee Chan Hwi , Lee Sun Hee , Do Eunju , Kim Do Kyung , Huh Tae-Lin , Kim Chun Sung
Published: February 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA), caused by the long-term use of joints, is a representative degenerative disease in the elderly. However, recently, the age of onset has been decreasing owing to excessive activities among young people in their 20s and 30s. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GP), a perennial herb of the Cucurbitaceae family, has been used since the Ming dynasty as a medicinal material to treat various ailments, such as rheumatism, liver disease, and diabetes. In this study, we investigated the anti-arthritic effects of heat-processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract (Actiponin (AP)) and its derivatives, damulin A (DA) and damulin B (DB), using in vitro (primary rat chondrocytes and SW1353 cells) and in vivo (destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced OA model) systems. Histological analysis results from the in vivo study showed that the group that underwent DMM surgery induced degeneration by the loss of proteoglycan and the destruction of cartilage (OARSI score 14 ± 0.57), whereas the group that received AP daily for 8 weeks maintained an intact condition (OARSI score 5 ± 0.28 at 200 mg/kg, p < 0.001). In addition, cartilage thickness and chondrocytes were reduced in the DMM group, but were restored in the AP-administered group. Furthermore, the von Frey analysis results showed that the pain threshold of the DMM group was considerably low (54.5 g at 8 weeks), whereas that of the AP group was dose-dependently increased (65.5, 69.5, 70.3, and 71.8 at 8 weeks for 30, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively). In vitro studies showed that AP, DA, and DB reduced the expression of interleukin-1β alone-induced nitrite; inducible nitric oxide synthase; cyclooxygenase-2; matrix metallopeptidase 1/3/13; and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4/5. They also restored the expression of collagen type II and aggrecan, which are components of the extracellular matrix. The anti-arthritic effects of AP, DA, and DB were confirmed to be mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell signaling pathways. Collectively, these results suggest that AP is a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating OA progression and chondroprotection.
Eosinophil-Driven vs. Eosinophil-Associated Severe Asthma: Practical Implications for Target Treatment
Authors: D’Aiuto Valentina , Mormile Ilaria , Granata Francescopaolo , Romano Antonio , Della Casa Francesca , Mignogna Gabriele , de Paulis Amato , Rossi Francesca Wanda
Published: February 2025

Severe asthma (SA) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting approximately 10% of asthmatic patients, and eosinophils are considered key pathogenetic actors in a significant number of patients. Biological therapies have been demonstrated to improve asthma control by decreasing exacerbation rates and reducing the use of oral corticosteroids. In this context, phenotyping and endotyping patients with SA is essential for selecting the most effective therapeutic approach. For this purpose, biomarkers such as IgE, absolute blood eosinophil count, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) are crucial in defining a patient’s inflammatory profile. Their integration provides a framework for classifying asthma into T2-high, T2-mild, or T2-low categories, guiding personalized treatment strategies. By incorporating multiple biomarkers into a unified model, it is possible to better stratify patients and optimize biologic therapy selection, paving the way for improved outcomes in SA management. This review aims to evaluate the role of phenotyping and endotyping SA patients, with particular attention to the impact of eosinophilic inflammation and combinatory biomarkers on decision-making processes for the selection of biological therapies.
Characterization of Anti-Insulin Antibodies in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Relevance
Authors: Toft-Hansen Henrik , Aniol-Nielsen Christina , Elias Daniel , Dahlbäck Madeleine , Rossing Peter , Sivalingam Suvanjaa , Hagopian William A. , Schneider Darius A. , Nielsen Claus H. , Solberg Helene
Published: February 2025

The administration of insulin as a treatment for diabetes frequently leads to the formation of anti-insulin antibodies (IAs). The influence of these antibodies on the efficacy and safety of insulin therapy remains incompletely understood. This study presents a systematic, exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of the quantitative and qualitative properties of IAs in 101 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 101 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The goal was to identify subpopulations of IAs that might impact glycemic control. We assessed the presence, titer, isotype, subclass, avidity, and in vitro neutralizing capacities of IAs, using glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels as an indicator of the clinical effectiveness of insulin. Our findings showed that 72% of individuals with T1D and 32% with T2D developed IAs, with IgG being the predominant isotype in both groups. Despite the presence of IAs, no in vitro neutralizing effect against insulin was observed, and there was no significant correlation between IA titer or avidity and HbA1c levels in either group. The results from this study demonstrate that while IAs are prevalent in both T1D and T2D, they do not have a significant clinical impact on the outcomes of insulin therapy in our study populations.
Proteomics Profiling Reveals Pharmaceutical Excipient PEG400 Induces Nuclear-Receptor-Activation-Affected Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Enzyme Expression
Authors: Zhao Mei , Cao Siyuan , Yang Dan , Shang Leyuan , Hang Ye , Wang Pengjiao , Zhang Shuo , Li Chaoji , Zhang Min , Gao Xiuli
Published: February 2025

PEG400 is widely used as a pharmaceutical excipient in the biomedical field. Increasing evidence suggests that PEG400 is not an inert drug carrier; it can influence the activity of various drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, thereby affecting the in vivo process of drugs. It can also alleviate obesity and adipose tissue inflammation induced by a high-fat diet. In this study, we employed proteomics to investigate the impact of PEG400 on hepatic protein expression in rats. We found that over 40 metabolic enzymes were altered, with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1a9 (Ugt1a9) showing the most significant upregulation. This observation is consistent with our previous findings. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that PEG400 influences retinol metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, drug metabolism, bile secretion, fatty acid degradation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Western blot and molecular docking were used to quantitatively analyze related proteins. The results demonstrated that PEG400 promotes the metabolism of retinol to produce retinoic acid; enhances bile secretion by upregulating bile acid synthesis and transporter proteins; and activates the PPARα signaling pathway to regulate the expression of fat metabolism-related proteins, thereby reducing lipid accumulation. Furthermore, as natural ligands for nuclear receptors, retinoic acid and bile acids may activate nuclear receptors and initiate the regulation of target gene expression. We found upregulation of the nuclear receptors PPARα, retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα), and pregnane X receptor (PXR). RXRα can form a dimer with PPARα or PXR to regulate the expression of target genes, which may explain the changes in the expression of numerous metabolic enzymes. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effects of PEG400 on liver metabolism in rats, reveals its potential biological functions, and offers new insights into the application and development of PEG400.
Impact of Benzo(a)pyrene and Pyrene Exposure on Activating Autophagy and Correlation with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Astrocytes
Authors: Siangcham Tanapan , Vivithanaporn Pornpun , Jantakee Kanyaluck , Ruangtong Jittiporn , Thongsepee Nattaya , Martviset Pongsakorn , Chantree Pathanin , Sornchuer Phornphan , Sangpairoj Kant
Published: February 2025

Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and pyrene, the most prominent subtypes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contaminate environments as organic pollutants. They adversely affect body systems, including degeneration of the central nervous system. This study investigated the in vitro toxic effects of B(a)P and pyrene on proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction, and autophagy in human astrocytes using U-87 MG human astrocytoma cells as a model. Both B(a)P and pyrene were toxic to U-87 MG cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Astrocytic proliferation was interfered with, enhancing S-phase cell cycle arrest. B(a)P promoted the presence of autophagic vesicles and the expression of autophagic markers LC3, beclin-1, and p62, suggesting activated autophagy. B(a)P enhanced the expression of ER stress markers BiP, PERK, and IRE1. ER stress appeared to be correlated with autophagy induction, as demonstrated by experiments using chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. Pyrene enhanced the expression of autophagic markers and ER stress primarily via PERK activation, although autophagic vesicles were not observed. The study demonstrates that B(a)P enhances ER stress-mediated autophagy more evidently than pyrene and affected toxicity to astrocytes. These results provide a basis for understanding the toxic effects of the main PAH substances affecting astrocytes.
Impact of Different Temperatures on Activity of the Pest Monolepta hieroglyphica Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Shi Rongrong , Hao Jianyu , Zhang Yue , Wang Qinglei , Liu Chunqin , Yang Qing
Published: February 2025

Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is widely distributed in China and is polyphorous, being a major pest to cash crops, such as corn, cotton, and millet. Given the increasing severity of the greenhouse effect in recent years, we aimed to investigate the adaptability of M. hieroglyphica adults to varying temperatures. In this study, we assessed the survival, longevity, fecundity, feeding capacity, and antioxidant capacity of leaf beetle adults under laboratory conditions at 25–34 °C. Elevated temperatures (i.e., 31 and 34 °C) had (negative) impacts on M. hieroglyphica adults’ survival and reproduction. Similarly, the temperature negatively affected the feeding capacity of M. hieroglyphica adults, with the impact becoming more pronounced as the temperature increased. Under the same treatment time, the SOD and CAT activity levels increased with the increase in treatment temperature. The GST activity levels showed a decreasing trend. The POD activity showed a biphasic response to increasing temperatures, first decreasing and then increasing. The above indicates that different antioxidant enzymes of M. hieroglyphica adults have different levels of sensitivity to high temperatures. In the laboratory, our work analyzes the response of M. hieroglyphica adults to temperature from ecological and physiological research perspectives and provides strategies for strengthening its subsequent integrated pest management (IPM) under conditions of global warming or extreme weather events.
Virtual Reality and Relaxation for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Comparative Study with Standard Intervention
Authors: Malbos Eric , Chichery Nadège , Borwell Baptiste , Weindel Gabriel , Molitor Jordan , Einig-Iscain Mélodie , Seimandi Julien , Lançon Christophe
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Modern therapeutic strategies incorporating virtual reality (VR) have emerged as potential treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a prevalent and debilitating condition that is challenging to cure. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VR combined with relaxation techniques in patients with GAD by comparing VR-based relaxation with standard mental imagery (MI) relaxation. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with GAD participated in a randomized comparative trial. Specific virtual environments were created using an inexpensive game engine/level editor (GLE). Psychometric scales and physiological instruments were employed to assess the effects of relaxation therapy on anxiety, depression, quality of life, presence within virtual environments and cybersickness. Results: Both the VR and MI groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in anxiety, worry and mental quality of life scores. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in pre–post comparisons of psychometric scores. The VR group exhibited a noticeably higher protocol completion rate and a significant increase in heart rate variability during the therapy. The level of presence in the VR group was satisfactory and significantly correlated with physiological improvements and anxiety reduction, while cybersickness remained low. Participants’ preferences for specific virtual environments for relaxation are also discussed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that teaching and practicing relaxation in VR holds therapeutic potential for the treatment of GAD. Further research leveraging advanced VR sensory equipment and artificial intelligence agents is warranted to enhance therapeutic outcomes and explore additional applications.
A Pilot Study of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Sleep-Related Disorders and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities
Authors: Cardona-Quiñones Roberto A. , Ramírez-Rivera Edicer , Álvarez-Torres Edwin , Salem-Hernández Saidy A. , Vargas-Pérez Noel J. , De Jesús-Rojas Wilfredo
Published: February 2025

Sleep disorders are characterized by impaired quality, timing, and amount of sleep, resulting in daytime distress and functioning. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by oto-sino-pulmonary manifestations with multiple comorbidities, including sleep disorders. Background/Objectives: This pilot study aims to assess sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in Puerto Rican patients with the RSPH4A (c.921+3_921+6delAAGT) PCD founder mutation. However, the literature on sleep-related disorders and their neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PCD is limited. Methods: A cohort of fifteen patients with the RSPH4A (c.921+3_921+6delAAGT) founder mutation (six pediatric, nine adults) were evaluated for sleep quality, cognitive, neurodevelopmental history, and mood-related manifestations, followed by diagnostic polysomnography for sleep-disordered breathing and other sleep-related disorder detection. Results: Twelve out of fifteen (12/15, 80%) patients presented with sleep-related disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea where the median Pediatric AHI was 1.25/h (IQR: 1.1–1.75/h), T < 90: 0.1 min (IQR: 0–1.9 min) and adult AHI 1.3 (IQR: 0.9–8), T < 90: 0.2 min (IQR: 0–3.5 min). PCD patients also presented complex sleep behaviors, and more than half had sleep-related movement manifestations such as sleep-related Bruxism, PLMS, among others. All pediatric patients with OSA met criteria for an anxiety disorder, with a GAD-7 of 13 (IQR: 10.5–15.8); this association was not clearly seen in adults. Conclusions: Patients with PCD RSPH4A exhibited multiple sleep and neuropsychiatric manifestations, particularly OSA, sleep-related movement disorders and complex sleep behaviors. Further studies are needed to determine if these manifestations result from obstructive breathing, sleep mechanism disruption, or other neurodevelopmental impairment associated with this ciliopathy.
Trends in Ischemic Stroke Hospitalization and Outcomes in the United States Pre- and Peri-COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Inpatient Sample Study
Authors: Jafarli Alibay , Di Napoli Mario , Kasper Rachel S. , Saver Jeffrey L. , McCullough Louise D. , Salehi-Omran Setareh , Mansouri Behnam , Lioutas Vasileios Arsenios , Ismail Mohammed , Divani Afshin A.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare systems globally, disrupting the management and treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Understanding how AIS admissions, treatments, and outcomes were affected is critical for improving stroke care in future crises. The objective of this work was to assess the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on AIS admissions, treatment patterns, complications, and patient outcomes in the U.S. from 2016 to 2021, focusing on differences between pre-pandemic (2016–2019) and peri-pandemic (2020–2021) periods. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, analyzing weighted discharge records of AIS patients over six years. Data encompass U.S. hospitals, including urban, rural, teaching, and non-teaching facilities. The study included AIS patients aged 18 and older (N = 3,154,154). The cohort’s mean age was 70.0 years, with an average hospital stay of 5.1 days and an adjusted mean cost of $16,765. Men comprised 50.5% of the cohort. We analyzed temporal trends in AIS hospitalizations from 2016 to 2021, comparing pre- and peri-COVID-19 periods. The primary outcome was the AIS admissions trend over time, with secondary outcomes including reperfusion therapy utilization, intubation rates, discharge disposition, and complications. Trends in risk factors and NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) severity were also evaluated. Results: AIS admissions rose from 507,920 in 2016 to 535,694 in 2021. Age and sex distribution shifted, with a growing proportion of male AIS cases (from 49.8% to 51.4%) and a decrease in mean age from 70.3 to 69.7 years. Although not statistically significant, White patients were the majority (68.0%), though their proportion declined as Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander cases increased. Reperfusion therapy, especially mechanical thrombectomy, rose from 2.2% to 5.6% over the study period. Intubation rates increased from 4.8% pre-COVID-19 to 5.5% peri-COVID, with higher rates among COVID-positive patients. NIHSS severity declined over time, with severe strokes (NIHSS ≥ 16) decreasing from 14.5% in 2017 to 12.6% in 2021. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant shifts in AIS patterns, with younger, more diverse patients, increased reperfusion therapy use, and rising complication rates. These changes underscore the importance of resilient healthcare strategies and resource allocation to maintain stroke care amid future public health emergencies.
Should the Right Coronary Artery Be Routinely Assessed During Provocative Spasm Testing?
Authors: Girolamo Olivia , Tavella Rosanna , Di Fiore David , Sheikh Abdul , Pasupathy Sivabaskari , Ooi Eng Lee , Marathe Jessica A. , Zeitz Christopher , Beltrame John F.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The diagnosis of coronary artery spasm (CAS) frequently requires invasive provocation testing, typically utilising acetylcholine (ACh). Although the left coronary artery (LCA) is routinely assessed as a part of the testing protocol, assessment of the right coronary artery (RCA) is often avoided since it requires the insertion of a temporary pacing wire. We sought to compare the prevalence of inducible CAS in the LCA and RCA, among patients with CAS undergoing multivessel spasm provocation testing with ACh. Methods: A local multi-institutional ANOCA (angina and non-obstructive coronary arteries) database was analysed, which included 316 patients with angina and suspected CAS who underwent provocation testing (single vessel n = 266, multivessel n = 50) with incremental bolus doses of intracoronary ACh (25, 50, 100 μg in the LCA; 25, 50 μg in the RCA). CAS was defined as >90% constriction of the epicardial coronary artery as assessed visually on coronary angiography. Results: In the 50 patients (55 ± 10 years, 77% female) who underwent multivessel spasm provocation testing, CAS was induced in 20 patients (40%), with ACh provoking CAS only in the LCA system in 45%, only in the RCA system in 35%, and both LCA/RCA in 20%. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that assessing only the LCA may miss up to one-third of CAS cases. Therefore, it is essential to routinely evaluate the RCA, particularly when no inducible spasm is detected in the LCA.
Effects of a Tele-Prehabilitation Program with Indirect Electrostimulation Compared to Home-Based Exercise in Patients Eligible for Lower Limb Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Patanè Pamela , Carnevale Pellino Vittoria , Febbi Massimiliano , Cavallo Caterina , Gervasoni Fabrizio , Gatti Alessandro , Caldarella Emanuele , de Caro Francesca , Vandoni Matteo , Manzoni Federica , Marin Luca
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Hip and knee arthroplasty relieves pain, restores mobility, and improves function in severe joint damage, though pain and strength loss may persist post-surgery. Better pre-surgery function and activity predict improved arthroplasty outcomes. Prehabilitation programs enhance functional abilities, reducing hospitalization duration, and lowering peri-surgery complication risks. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of four weeks of different modalities of tele-home-prehabilitation programs on perceived pain and functional capacity in patients who are eligible for hip or knee arthroplasty. Methods: Forty-four patients (aged 65–80 years) eligible for elective lower limb arthroplasty were enrolled in the present randomized controlled trial study. Participants were randomly assigned to the Electrostimulation Group (EG) or the Home-Based Exercise Group (HG). The EG performed underwent teleprehabilitation program using indirect neuromuscular electrostimulation therapy, while the HG performed home-based exercise supervised by a sports specialist. Functional capacity was assessed with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the 30 s Chair Stand test (30CST) and the Six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT). Quality of life was assessed with the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) or Oxford Knee Score (OKS), depending on the participants’ surgery. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire was completed by the EG after the intervention. Results: No significant differences were found among groups in the 30CST and TUG tests. The analyses revealed significant differences for the Oxford Questionnaires and 6MWT. Conclusions: Our study highlights the potential of teleprehabilitation using indirect neuromuscular electrostimulation to improve walking autonomy and quality of life of individuals who are candidates for lower limb arthroplasty.
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Can Help Differentiate Adult Xanthogranulomatous Disease from Xanthelasma—A Case Report
Authors: Krajewska-Węglewicz Larysa , Dźwigała Monika , Sobolewski Piotr , Wasążnik-Jędras Anna , Walecka Irena
Published: February 2025

Background: Adult xanthogranulomatous disease (AXD) is a rare histiocytic disorder with systemic potential, while xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is a common xanthoma often linked to lipid disorders. Differentiating these conditions is challenging due to overlapping features. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), a non-invasive imaging tool, offers high-resolution visualization of skin structures and may aid diagnosis. Methods: We present a 71-year-old woman with periocular lesions. RCM was used to evaluate the lesions, identifying cellular and structural features. The findings were confirmed through histopathology, followed by surgical excision. Postoperative monitoring utilized RCM and LC-OCT. Results: RCM identified Touton giant cells, foamy histiocytes, and fibrosis, helping to distinguish xanthogranuloma from xanthelasma. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient underwent successful lesion excision without complications. Conclusions: This case underscores RCM’s utility as a diagnostic adjunct for differentiating AXD from XP in sensitive regions like the periocular area. The combined use of RCM and LC-OCT enhances monitoring for recurrence. While histopathology remains the diagnostic gold standard, RCM shows promise as a non-invasive tool, warranting further research to validate its role and develop standardized clinical protocols.
Intracranial Hemorrhage During Pregnancy: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review and a Rare Case Report of Early-Onset Eclampsia with Intracranial Hemorrhage and HELLP Syndrome
Authors: Mazur Natalia Katarzyna , Fercho Justyna Małgorzata , Kałas Maria , Szaruta-Raflesz Karolina , Grzybowska Magdalena Emilia , Siemiński Mariusz , Wydra Dariusz Grzegorz
Published: February 2025

Intracranial hemorrhage is a rare yet potentially devastating event during pregnancy with a significant risk of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The risk of intracranial hemorrhage increases during the third trimester of pregnancy and is greatest during labor and the postpartum period. Interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of the pregnant population often begins in the emergency department setting and is key to increasing patient survival rates through immediate and adequate treatment, including emergency medicine, neurosurgical and obstetrical procedures. A unique case report with a diagnostic pathway for intracranial hemorrhage due to eclampsia in a primipara at 24 weeks of gestation is presented, illustrating potential diagnostic dilemmas as the patient rapidly progresses into hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome. A literature review was conducted to uncover the etiology of intracranial hemorrhage during pregnancy, as well as its diagnostic challenges and treatment. Pregnancy should not be viewed as a barrier to performing angiography or endovascular treatment for vascular causes of intracranial hemorrhage. Patient transport to a tertiary reference center and the interdisciplinary cooperation of specialists are key to achieving correct and rapid treatment. Continuous prevention of preeclampsia and patient education are necessary to decrease the incidence of eclampsia and its complications. Key message: Intracranial hemorrhage and eclampsia in pregnant patients are rare yet may result in high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The diagnostic process is difficult and requires interdisciplinary cooperation to start the correct treatment immediately.
Chaotic Hénon–Logistic Map Integration: A Powerful Approach for Safeguarding Digital Images
Authors: Al-Hyari Abeer , Abu-Faraj Mua’ad , Obimbo Charlie , Alazab Moutaz
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an integrated chaos-based algorithm for image encryption that combines the chaotic Hénon map and chaotic logistic map (CLM) to enhance the security of digital image communication. The proposed method leverages chaos theory to generate cryptographic keys, utilizing a 1D key from the logistic map generator and a 2D key from the chaotic Hénon map generator. These chaotic maps produce highly unpredictable and complex keys essential for robust encryption. Extensive experiments demonstrate the algorithm’s resilience against various attacks, including chosen-plaintext, noise, clipping, occlusion, and known-plaintext attacks. Performance evaluation in terms of encryption time, throughput, and image quality metrics validates the effectiveness of the proposed integrated approach. The results indicate that the chaotic Hénon–logistic map integration provides a powerful and secure method for safeguarding digital images during transmission and storage with a key space that reaches up to 2200. Moreover, the algorithm has potential applications in secure image sharing, cloud storage, and digital forensics, inspiring new possibilities.
Procedure for Reconstruction, Modeling, and Fabrication Using Additive and Rapid Tooling Methods of a Training Model for Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Santona Giacomo , Fiorentino Antonio , Doglietto Francesco , Serpelloni Mauro
Published: February 2025

The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (ETA) is a novel approach used by neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists to treat pituitary adenoma, and it has a long learning curve. Training is mostly performed using cadaver heads, but their low availability and cost can limit their use. ETA training models can be used to overcome these limitations. In this panorama, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies represent a more flexible and cost-effective solution to fabricate custom-made training models. Their development involves computed tomography (CT) segmentation, STL file elaboration, direct 3D printing, and rapid parts tooling. This work presents and discusses the entire procedure applied to a modular ETA training model. The procedure starts with selecting the material and AM processes based on a literature review. Accordingly, the parts of the model were designed, 3D printed, or rapid cast. In particular, fused filament fabrication (FFF) was adopted for those tissues whose materials could be directly printed (bones and cartilage), while the rapid casting of silicone was adopted for soft tissues (skin and mucosa) together with FFF to fabricate mold patterns and cores. After fabrication and assembly, the model was finally tested by an experienced neurosurgeon who provided feedback. Moreover, the cost and time of the prototype fabrication were assessed. Results validated the proposed solution from both the surgical and commercial points of view. Moreover, general procedures for designing and rapidly fabricating ETA models were generalized to make them exploitable to more general case studies.
Real-Time Prediction of the Dynamic Spatial Configuration of Umbilical Cables Based on Monitoring Data During Deep-Sea In-Situ Mining
Authors: Huang Chaojun , Wang Shuqing , Liu Jiancheng , Li Lei , Liu Wencheng , Huang Lin , Yu Zhihao , Shen Wen , Sun Yuankun , Liu Yu , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: February 2025

Prediction of the spatial configuration of the umbilical cable during deep-sea mining in-situ tests is of great significance because dynamic change may cause the umbilical cable to touch the ground or overturn the mining vehicle. In the present paper, a real-time prediction method for the dynamic spatial configuration of the umbilical cable during the deep-sea mining process is proposed. At first, the environmental information, position and motion of the vessel–umbilical cable–mining system were collected by sensors arranged at different locations. Then, the data were converted and transformed to the local vessel coordinate system. After that, the commercial software OrcaFlex was employed to conduct real-time simulation, in which the spatial configuration of the umbilical cable was predicted by the lumped mass method. Furthermore, the proposed real-time simulation method was employed in a sea trial test of deep-sea mining in an area with a water depth of 1100 m. Comparing the prediction results with the trajectory of the USBL beacon obtained from the monitoring data, the maximum distance of some specific points was close to 5 m, and most of them were less than 3 m. Meanwhile, it could also give the dynamic responses of the deep-sea mining system. For example, the maximum top tension of the umbilical cable was less than 15 kN, which could be used to evaluate the health condition of the system. During the sea trial test, the proposed method played an important role in ensuring the safety of the umbilical cable during wide-range movement of the mining vehicle. With characteristics of good real-time performance, accurate prediction, high reliability and stability, the proposed method could enhance the confidence of engineers for on-site operation as a powerful digital tool for visualization of the subsea working state.
The Mediating Role of Profitability in the Impact Relationship of Assets Tangibility on Firm Market Value
Authors: Alathamneh Mustafa , Obeidat Mohammed Ibrahim , Almomani Mohammad Abdullah , Almomani Tareq Mohammad , Darkal Nadeen (Mohammed Adnan)
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate whether the asset tangibility of the listed mining and extraction firms at the Amman Stock Exchange institution affects the market value of these firms and whether firm profitability mediates the impact relationship of asset tangibility on firm market value. To achieve the objectives of this study, secondary data covering the period 2013–2022 of the entire listed mining and extraction firms were collected and used in the analysis. Tobin’s Q is used as a good indicator of firm market value, while return on assets is used as a common indicator of firm profitability. Asset tangibility is the percentage relationship of tangible fixed assets to total assets. Employing both the single and multiple linear regression methods, the results showed a significant impact of asset tangibility on firm profitability and firm market value. The results also demonstrated that firm profitability has a significant impact on firm market value. In addition, the results revealed that firm profitability mediates the effect of asset tangibility on firm market value. The empirical findings have important implications when policies that lead to higher firm value are adopted and correctly followed. More research is recommended to investigate this relationship in other industries.
European Green Deal Strategies for Agriculture in Dynamic Urbanised Landscapes
Authors: Gobin Anne , Uljee Inge
Published: February 2025

Land use change and agricultural management have a considerable impact on land use patterns and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dynamic urbanised landscapes. This study evaluated sustainable land allocation strategies in line with the European Green Deal. A constrained cellular automata land use model was employed to assess the impacts of Business-as-Usual (BAU), Land Sharing (LSH), and Land Sparing (LSP) scenarios, using open-access data from Flanders (Belgium). Under BAU, urban expansion reduced unregistered agricultural land by 495 km2, leading to higher GHG emissions despite an 11% increase in green space. LSH increased green space by 36% and enhanced landscape diversity, while LSP improved habitat coherence by 24%. Livestock-related methane (3.09 Mt CO2e) dominated GHG emissions, comprising more than 75% of the total, with cattle responsible for 73% of methane emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions reduced from 1.60 Mt CO2e to 1.44 (BAU), 1.43 (LSP), and 1.42 (LSH) Mt CO2e. Forest sequestration offset up to 34% of total emissions, removing −1.35 Mt CO2e. Green Deal measures mitigated emissions in all scenarios, with LSH achieving the highest gains. The results highlight the need for spatial strategies that integrate sustainable agricultural practices and balance productivity, nature conservation, and climate action under the European Green Deal.
Failure Mechanisms of Ester-Based Magnetic Fluid Seals at High Speeds: Thermal Dissipation and Fluid Loss
Authors: Yang Jixian , Li Decai , Jin Licong
Published: February 2025

Magnetic fluid seals are well known for their zero-leakage performance but are limited at high rotational speeds due to heat generation and fluid loss. This study experimentally investigates the failure mechanisms of ester-based magnetic fluid seals at high speeds, specifically focusing on thermal dissipation and fluid loss. A custom-designed high-speed rotary seal test platform was developed, and experimental studies were conducted to evaluate sealing performance. Our results showed significant temperature increases and fluid loss at higher rotational speeds, with a noticeable fluid ejection phenomenon occurring at approximately 13.7 m/s, and the sealing gap temperature reached 92 °C at 9000 rpm under uncooled conditions. This study experimentally verified that the main failure mechanisms of magnetic fluid seals at high speeds are centrifugal force and thermal dissipation, and proposed future design directions. This research provides key insights into the failure of high-speed magnetic fluid seals and offers a potential approach for improved high-speed sealing performance.
Multi-Strategy Improved Binary Secretarial Bird Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection
Authors: Chen Fuqiang , Ye Shitong , Wang Jianfeng , Luo Jia
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of large model technology, data storage as well as collection is very important to improve the accuracy of model training, and Feature Selection (FS) methods can greatly eliminate redundant features in the data warehouse and improve the interpretability of the model, which makes it particularly important in the field of large model training. In order to better reduce redundant features in data warehouses, this paper proposes an enhanced Secretarial Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA), called BSFSBOA, by combining three learning strategies. First, for the problem of insufficient algorithmic population diversity in SBOA, the best-rand exploration strategy is proposed, which utilizes the randomness and optimality of random individuals as well as optimal individuals to effectively improve the population diversity of the algorithm. Second, to address the imbalance in the exploration/exploitation phase of SBOA, the segmented balance strategy is proposed to improve the balance by segmenting the individuals in the population, targeting individuals of different natures with different degrees of exploration and exploitation performance, and improving the quality of the FS subset when the algorithm is solved. Finally, for the problem of insufficient exploitation performance of SBOA, a four-role exploitation strategy is proposed, which strengthens the effective exploitation ability of the algorithm and enhances the classification accuracy of the FS subset by different degrees of guidance through the four natures of individuals in the population. Subsequently, the proposed BSFSBOA-based FS method is applied to solve 36 FS problems involving low, medium, and high dimensions, and the experimental results show that, compared to SBOA, BSFSBOA improves the performance of classification accuracy by more than 60%, also ranks first in feature subset size, obtains the least runtime, and confirms that the BSFSBOA-based FS method is a robust FS method with efficient solution performance, high stability, and high practicality.
Broussonetia papyrifera Pollen Metabolome Insights, Allergenicity, and Dispersal in Response to Climate Change Variables
Authors: Humayun Muhammad , Naseem Saadia , Goodman Richard E. , Ali Zahid
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Broussonetia papyrifera is a tree-producing allergenic pollen that grows in varied climatic conditions worldwide and causes pollen allergies in susceptible humans. This study aimed to investigate B. papyrifera pollen morphology, pollen metabolome, pollen allergenicity, and climate change’s impact on the plant habitat suitability in the future. Methods: Tree pollen was collected in spring from different regions of Pakistan. Pollen samples were subjected to morphological analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and immunoblotting. Results: MaxEnt modeling predicted the tree’s future-growth invasion into new regions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR displayed regional differences in pollen morphology and metabolome correlated to shifts in climatic variables. LC-MS/MS analysis detected four lipids that can potentially stimulate inflammatory responses. Pollen protein immunoblotting studies identified a putative 15 kDa novel allergen and verified previously known 40 kDa, 33 kDa, and 10 kDa allergens. B. papyrifera MaxEnt modeling through ACCESS1.0 and CCSM4 under 2-greenhouse gas emissions scenarios {representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5} projected the tree invasion by the years 2050 and 2070. Conclusions: The study findings demonstrate that differences in climatic variables affect B. papyrifera-pollen metabolome and predict the habitat suitability of the tree for invasion in the future. The study results provide a model system for studying other species’ pollen morphology, metabolome, future habitat suitability for plant invasion, and associated allergies in response to climate change.
Antimicrobial Denture Material Synthesized from Poly(methyl methacrylate) Enriched with Cannabidiol Isolates
Authors: Tahsin Kazi , Xu William , Watson David , Rizkalla Amin , Charpentier Paul
Published: February 2025

Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from the Cannabis plant, has shown potential in dentistry for its antimicrobial properties, particularly against oral bacteria. Denture-associated infections, a common issue among denture wearers, present a challenge in antimicrobial enhancements to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the primary material for dentures due to its favorable physical and aesthetic qualities. To address this, researchers developed PMMA denture coatings infused with CBD nanoparticles. The CBD coatings were synthesized using UV curing and characterized via 1H NMR, SEM, and FTIR spectroscopies. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. CBD demonstrated significant bactericidal effects on Gram-positive bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2–2.5 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 10–20 µg/mL but was ineffective against planktonic Gram-negative bacteria. However, biofilm studies revealed a 99% reduction in biofilm growth for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on CBD-infused PMMA compared to standard PMMA. The CBD disrupted bacterial cell walls, causing lysis. Dissolution studies indicated effective release of CBD molecules, crucial for antimicrobial efficacy. This study highlights CBD’s potential for antibiotic-free denture coatings, reducing dental biofilms and plaque formation, and improving oral health outcomes.
Novel Metabolites as Potential Indicators of Recovery After Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sidorov Evgeny V. , Smith Kyle , Xu Chao , Sanghera Dharambir K.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Serum metabolome changes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but the significance of this is poorly understood. We evaluated whether this change is associated with AIS outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). To improve validity, we combined cross-sectional and longitudinal designs and analyzed serum using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Methodology: In the cross-sectional part, we compared serum metabolome from 48 LVO strokes, collected at 48–72 h, and analyzed with NMR, while in the longitudinal part, we compared metabolome from 15 LVO strokes, collected at <24 h, 48–72 h, 5–7 days, and 80–120 days, and analyzed with LC-MS between patients with modified Rankin Scores (mRS) of 0–3 and 4–6 at 90 days. We hypothesized that compounds elevated in patients with mRS 0–3 in the cross-sectional part would also be elevated in the longitudinal part, and vice versa. We used regression for the analysis and TSBH for multiple testing. Results: In the cross-sectional part, cholesterol, choline, phosphoglycerides, sphingomyelins, and phosphatidylethanolamines had lower levels in patients with an mRS of 0–3 compared to an mRS of 4–6. In the longitudinal part, lower levels of sphingomyelin (d18:1/19:0, d19:1/18:0)* significantly correlated with an mRS of 0–3 in patients with small infarction volume, while lower levels of sphingolipid N-palmitoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/16:0), 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-GPC (16:0/22:6), 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-GPE, palmitoyl-docosahexaenoyl-glycerol (16:0/22:6), campesterol, and 3beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoate correlated with an mRS of 0–3 in patients with large infarction volume. Conclusions: This pilot study showed that lower levels of lipidomic components nerve cell membrane correlate with good AIS outcomes. If proven on large-scale studies, these compounds may become important AIS outcome markers.
Efficacy and Safety of Phase 1 of Very Low Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) in Subjects with Obesity and Mild Renal Impairment
Authors: Verde Ludovica , Barrea Luigi , Galasso Martina , Lucà Stefania , Camajani Elisabetta , Pisani Antonio , Colao Annamaria , Caprio Massimiliano , Muscogiuri Giovanna
Published: February 2025

Background: Obesity impairs renal function through direct mechanisms, such as proinflammatory adipocytokine production, and indirect mechanisms, including obesity-related comorbidities. Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD), clinical guidelines for their combined management remain lacking. Very Low Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) has demonstrated efficacy in weight loss, but evidence on its safety and efficacy in individuals with obesity and mild renal impairment is limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Phase 1 of VLEKT in individuals with obesity and mild renal impairment. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 73 individuals with overweight or obesity (mean age 53.7 ± 8.8 years; BMI 35.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2) and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (evaluated using the CKD-EPI equation). Anthropometric (weight, BMI, and waist circumference) and biochemical parameters (fasting plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol profile, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and urea) were collected at baseline and after 45 (±2) days of Phase 1 of VLEKT. Results: At baseline, 54.8% of participants had an eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2, while 45.2% had an eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, with no significant differences in sex distribution. After 45 (±2) days of Phase 1 of VLEKT, both groups showed significant reductions in BMI (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (p ≤ 0.004), insulin (p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL/HDL ratio (p ≤ 0.002), triglycerides (p ≤ 0.009), AST (p ≤ 0.034), and ALT (p ≤ 0.009). Notably, the eGFR significantly increased in participants with an eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p < 0.001), while no changes were observed in those with an eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusions: Phase 1 of VLEKT could effectively promote weight loss and metabolic improvements without compromising renal function, even in individuals with obesity and mild renal impairment. Further research is warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of VLEKT and to assess outcomes across all protocol phases.