bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable Middle Miocene Seawater Isotopes in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Hättig Katrin , Schouten Stefan , Louwye Stephen , van der Meer Marcel
Published: September 2024

The Middle Miocene is characterized by a long‐term increase in the stable oxygen isotopic composition of benthic foraminifera (δ18Obenthic). However, it is unclear to what extent this increase reflects changes in seawater isotopic composition or deep water temperature. We present a high‐resolution alkenone hydrogen isotope (δ2HC37) record of the Middle Miocene from a core taken at the upper slope edge (about 409 m water depth) of the Porcupine Basin continental margin in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Site U1318 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. The δ2HC37 values vary between −174 and −200‰ with an average of −191 ± 5‰, similar to modern open‐ocean values. Importantly, they do not show a long‐term increase in surface seawater isotopes (δ2HSSW) during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition. Indeed, when δ18Obenthic is corrected for subsurface temperature, the bottom seawater oxygen isotopes (δ18OBSW) show no significant increase in this period. When the latter record is translated into the hydrogen isotopic composition of bottom seawater using the modern open‐ocean waterline, it has an average value of 5.8 ± 1.5‰, similar to the δ2HSSW of 5.2 ± 3.1‰ derived from δ2HC37:2, suggesting a relatively small difference between bottom and surface waters. Our results suggest a stable global surface seawater isotope evolution during the Middle Miocene, coupled with a long‐term decrease in bottom water temperature.
Biosorbent treatment of fluorene using activated carbon derived from the pyrolysis process of date pit wastes
Authors: Said Tarek O. , Al-Farhan Badriah S. , El-Ghamdi Sara A. , Awwad Nasser
Published: September 2024

Activated carbon (AC) derived from Date pits (DP) wastes was used as an eco-friendly and effective biosorbent for the removal of fluorene (FLU) from organic wastes. The maximum capacity of DP was 6.71 mg g−1, compatible with the Freundlich model. FLU adsorption's chemisorption performance on DP was involved in following a superior linear fit for the pseudo-2nd-kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity from the pseudo-2nd order kinetic model fitted with the experimental findings and found to be 3.73 g, 2.62, 1.13, 0.955, 0.749, 0.591, and 0.665 mg g−1 at 25, 3, 35, 4, 45, 5 and 55 °C, respectively. The negative value of the spontaneous nature of the adsorption corresponds to the exothermic nature however, + ΔS corresponds to an increase in the degree of freedom for FLU adsorption. The relatively high value of activation energy (Ea) demonstrates that the adsorption of FLU onto DP is classified as chemical adsorption, and found to be 84.8 kJ mol−1. Also, the result of XRD shows that the prepared DP was re-used four times without substantially decreasing performance. In addition, it appears that AC prepared from DP is a promising adsorbent with a low cost for removing many organic pollutants.
A high-performance ultra-wideband metasurface absorber and thermal emitter for solar energy harvesting and thermal applications
Authors: Armghan Ammar , Alsharari Meshari , Baqir Muhammad Abuzar , Saqlain Muhammad , Aliqab Khaled
Published: September 2024

Solar radiation is the Earth's most plentiful renewable energy source.
ZnVO3: an ilmenite-type vanadium oxide hosting robust V–V dimers
Authors: Yamamoto Hajime , Nishikubo Takumi , Kobayashi Shintaro , Takahashi Kazuki , Azuma Masaki , Kawaguchi Shogo , Abukawa Tadashi
Published: September 2024

A novel ilmenite-type compound, ZnVO3, has been synthesized under a high-pressure condition. This study highlights the presence of V–V dimers and Zn–Zn dimer-like displacements, as well as the remarkable thermal stability of the V–V bond in ZnVO3.
Gelatin and sodium alginate derived carbon/silicon composites as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lin Liyang , Li Mengjun , Yan Ying , Tian Yuanhao , Qing Juan , Chen Susu
Published: September 2024

The GE + SA derived carbon/silicon composites have excellent cycling stability and rate capability for lithium-ion batteries.
First demonstration of in situ Lu–Hf dating using LA-ICP-MS/MS applied to monazite
Authors: Wu Shitou , Niu Junlong , Yang Yueheng , Wang Hao , Yang Jinhui , Wu Fuyuan
Published: September 2024

Monazite is a LREE-rich accessory mineral in various igneous and metamorphic rocks; therefore, monazite geochronology has the potential to answer a range of important geological questions.
Construction of a quinoline-4-carboxylic ester linked covalent organic framework via Doebner–von Miller reaction
Authors: Tong Yuxing , Wang Ziwei , Liu Ben , Wan Chao , Xu Cheng , Pang Huaji , Huang Dekang , Zheng Wenlong , Xiang Yonggang
Published: September 2024

The Doebner–von Miller reaction was utilized to synthesize quinoline-4-carboxylic ester-linked COFs, and new functionality was introduced simultaneously.
Expression of Concern: Construction of a binary S-scheme S-g-C3N4/Co-ZF heterojunction with enhanced spatial charge separation for sunlight-driven photocatalytic performance
Authors: Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Javed Mohsin , Hassan Syeda Saba , Nadeem Sohail , Akbar Ali , Alzhrani Rami M. , Al-Anazy Murefah Mana , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. , Mohyuddin Ayesha
Published: September 2024

Expression of Concern for ‘Construction of a binary S-scheme S-g-C3N4/Co-ZF heterojunction with enhanced spatial charge separation for sunlight-driven photocatalytic performance’ by Ali Bahadur et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 23263–23273, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA08525E.
Novel thiosemicarbazone based sensors for transition metals
Authors: Vithal Repale Anil , Kishore Ram , Janardan Dongare Suvarna , Chundawat N. S. , Srivastava Nitin , Singh Girdhar Pal
Published: September 2024

Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) and their sensing of different transition metal ions.
Correction: Hydrochar from Sargassum muticum: a sustainable approach for high-capacity removal of Rhodamine B dye
Authors: Spagnuolo D. , Iannazzo D. , Len T. , Balu A. M. , Morabito M. , Genovese G. , Espro C. , Bressi V.
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Hydrochar from Sargassum muticum: a sustainable approach for high-capacity removal of Rhodamine B dye’ by D. Spagnuolo et al., RSC Sustain., 2023, 1, 1404–1415, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SU00134B.
Decline of Affective Prosody Recognition With a Positivity Bias Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Xinran , Tang Enze , Zhang Minyue , Lin Yi , Ding Hongwei , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Understanding how older adults perceive and interpret emotional cues in speech prosody contributes to our knowledge of cognitive aging. This study provides a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the extent of the decline in affective prosody recognition (APR) among older adults in terms of overall and emotion-specific performance and explore potential moderators that may cause between-studies heterogeneity.

Method:

The literature search encompassed five electronic databases, with a specific emphasis on studies comparing the APR performance of older adults with that of younger adults. This comparison was focused on basic emotions. Meta-regression analyses were executed to pinpoint potential moderators related to demographic and methodological characteristics.

Results:

A total of 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 560 older adults with a mean age of 69.15 years and 751 younger adults with a mean age of 23.02 years. The findings indicated a substantial negative effect size (
g
= −1.21). Furthermore, the magnitude of aggregated effect sizes showed a distinct valence-related recognition pattern with positive prosody exhibiting smaller effect sizes. Language background and years of education were found to moderate the overall and emotion-specific (i.e., disgust and surprise) performance effect estimate, and age and gender significantly influenced the effect estimate of happiness.

Conclusions:

The results confirmed a significant decline in APR ability among older adults compared to younger adults, but this decline was unbalanced across basic emotions. Language background and educational level emerged as significant factors influencing older adults' APR ability. Moreover, participants with a higher mean age exhibited notably poorer performance in recognizing happy prosody. These findings underscore the need to further investigate the neurobiological mechanisms for APR decline associated with aging.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26407888
Impact of oxygen fugacity on the atmospheric structure and emission spectra of ultra-hot rocky exoplanets
Authors: Seidler Fabian L. , Sossi Paolo A. , Grimm Simon L.
Published: September 2024

Context. Atmospheres above lava-ocean planets (LOPs) hold clues related to the properties of their interiors, based on the expectation that the two reservoirs are in chemical equilibrium. Furthermore, such atmospheres are observable with current-generation space- and ground-based telescopes. While efforts have been made to understand how emission spectra are related to the composition of the lava ocean, the influence of oxygen fugacity has yet to be examined in a self-consistent way.

Aims. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of atmospheric emission spectra of LOPs to key geochemical parameters, namely, temperature (T), composition (X), and oxygen fugacity (fO2). We also consider the precision involved in recovering these spectra from observations of hot, rocky exoplanets.

Methods. We considered ‘mineral’ atmospheres produced in equilibrium with silicate liquids. We treated fO2 as an independent variable, together with T and X, to compute equilibrium partial pressures (p) of stable gas species at the liquid-gas interface. Above this boundary, the atmospheric speciation and the pressure–temperature structure are computed self-consistently to yield emission spectra. We explored a wide array of plausible compositions, oxygen fugacities (between 6 log10 units below and above the iron-wüstite buffer, IW), and irradiation temperatures (2000, 2500, 3000, and 3500 K) relevant to LOPs.

Results. We find that SiO(g), Fe(g) and Mg(g) are the major species below ~IW, ceding to O2(g) and O(g) in more oxidised atmospheres. The transition between the two regimes demarcates a minimum in total pressure (P). Because p scales linearly with X, emission spectra are only modest functions of composition. By contrast, fO2 can vary over orders of magnitude, thereby causing commensurate changes in p. Atmospheres outgassed from reducing melts exhibit intense SiO emission, creating a temperature inversion in the upper atmosphere. Conversely, oxidised atmospheres have lower pSiO and lack thermal inversions, with their resulting emission spectra mimicking that of a black-body. Consequently, the intensity of SiO emission relative to the background, generated by MgO(g), can be used to quantify the fO2 of the atmosphere. Depending on the emission spectroscopy metric of the target, deriving the fO2 of known nearby LOPs is possible with a few secondary occultations observed by JWST.
Effect of redshift bin mismatch on the cross correlation between the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey and the Planck CMB lensing potential
Authors: Saraf Chandra Shekhar , Bielewicz Paweł , Chodorowski Michał
Published: September 2024

Aims. We study the importance of precise modelling of the photometric redshift error distributions when estimating parameters from cross-correlation measurements. We present a working example of the scattering matrix formalism to correct for the effects of galaxies ending in wrong redshift bins due to their photometric redshift errors.

Methods. We measured the angular galaxy auto-power spectrum and cross-power spectrum in four tomographic bins with the redshift intervals z = [0.0, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0.8] from the cross-correlation of the Planck cosmic microwave background lensing potential and the photometric galaxy catalogue from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Survey Data Release 8. We estimated the galaxy linear bias and the amplitude of cross correlation using maximum likelihood estimation to put constraints on the σ8 parameter.

Results. We show that the modified Lorentzian function used to fit the photometric redshift error distribution performs well only near the peaks of the distribution. We adopt a sum of Gaussians model to capture the broad tails of the error distribution. Our sum of Gaussians model yields values of the cross-correlation amplitude that are ∼2–5 σ smaller than those expected based on the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. We compute the σ8 parameter after correcting for the redshift bin mismatch of objects following the scattering matrix approach. The σ8 parameter becomes consistent with ΛCDM model in the last tomographic bin but shows a tension of ∼1–3 σ in other redshift bins.
An X-ray high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in NGC 1365
Authors: Yan Y. K. , Zhang P. , Liu Q. Z. , Chang Z. , Liu G. C. , Yan J. Z. , Zeng X. Y.
Published: September 2024

This study presents the detection of a high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1365 based on observational data obtained byXMM-Newtonin January 2004. Utilizing the weighted wavelet Z-transform (WWZ) and Lomb-Scargle periodogram (LSP) methods, a QPO signal is identified at a frequency of 2.19 × 10−4Hz (4566 s), with a confidence level of 3.6σ. The signal is notably absent in the lower 0.2–1.0 keV energy band, with the primary contribution emerging from the 2.0–10.0 keV band, where the confidence level reaches 3.9σ. Spectral analysis shows that there are multiple absorption and emission lines in the high-energy band (> 6 keV). The correlation between the QPO frequency (fQPO) and the mass of the central black hole (MBH) of NGC 1365 aligns with the established logarithmic trend observed across black holes, indicating the QPO is of high frequency. This discovery provides new clues for studying the generation mechanism of QPOs in Seyfert galaxies, which helps us understand the accretion process around supermassive black holes and the characteristics of strong gravitational fields in active galactic nuclei.
Composition-asymmetric and sheared relativistic magnetic reconnection
Authors: Figueiredo Enzo , Cerutti Benoît , Mehlhaff John , Scepi Nicolas
Published: September 2024

Context. Relativistic magnetic reconnection studies have so far focused on symmetric configurations, where the upstream plasma has identical properties on the two sides of the layer. Yet, just like nonrelativistic reconnection on the dayside of the Earth’s magnetosphere, relativistic reconnection can also operate at the interface between highly asymmetric environments. The boundary layer between a relativistic jet and an accretion flow forming around a supermassive black hole can present asymmetric configurations in terms of plasma composition, bulk velocity, temperature, and magnetization.

Aims. We conducted the first study of relativistic magnetic reconnection where the upstream plasma is composed of electron-positron pairs on one side, and electrons and ions on the other. We also investigated the impact of a relativistic symmetric shear flow applied along the reconnecting field lines.

Methods. We simulated magnetic reconnection using 2D particle-in-cell simulations. The initial setup was adapted from a classic Harris layer without a guide field, modified to accommodate plasma-composition and shear asymmetries in the upstream medium.

Results. For a composition-asymmetric setup, we find that the reconnection dynamics is driven by the electron-ion side, which is the plasma with the lowest magnetization. The energy partition favors accelerating ions at the expense of electrons even more than in a corresponding symmetric setup. With respect to shear, a super-Alfvénic upstream decreases the laboratory-frame reconnection rate, but, unlike in nonrelativistic studies, does not shut off reconnection completely.

Conclusions. The asymmetries examined in this work lower the overall efficiency of electron acceleration relative to corresponding symmetric configurations. In the context of a black hole jet-disk boundary, asymmetric reconnection alone is probably not efficient at accelerating electrons to very high energies, but it might facilitate plasma mixing and particle injection for other acceleration channels at the interface.
Density-dependent ionization equilibria for carbon with kappa distributions
Authors: Dzifčáková Elena , Dufresne Roger P. , Dudík Jaroslav , Del Zanna Giulio
Published: September 2024

Context. Recent atomic models for the solar transition region have shown the importance of electron density, photoionization, and charge transfer on the ionization equilibria and line intensities of several elements and ions, especially from the Li- and Na-like ion sequences.

Aims. Non-Maxwellian electron distributions have been proposed as one solution that may account for the discrepancies. We have studied the interplay of the new atomic models with the effects of energetic particles, which have been shown to alter ionization equilibria considerably.

Methods. Level-resolved ionization and recombination rates were calculated for non-Maxwellian kappa distributions and included in a collisional-radiative model for carbon. The effect of photoionization and density suppression of dielectronic recombination for kappa distributions were also included in the models, and the models were run at a variety of densities and pressures.

Results. We find that the level-resolved collisional ionization rates increase with electron density, while the radiative and dielectronic recombination rates decrease. Their overall effect on the ionization equilibrium is to shift the formation of the lower charge states to a lower temperature and increase their peak abundance, especially for C IV. These shifts are not as significant as the effects of the non-extensive shape parameter given by the thermodynamic kappa index, κ. With decreasing κ; that is, with increasing departure from a Maxwellian distribution, ion formation moves to a much lower temperature, ion formation takes place over a wider temperature range, and peak abundances decrease. The effect of level-resolved rates and density suppression on the ion balances diminishes as κ decreases. Photoionization is shown to be significant only at relatively low densities and high κ.

Conclusions. Density effects are an important factor to consider in higher-density plasma and improve on the coronal approximation, even where there are significant departures from Maxwellian energy distributions. However, the changes they make to ion formation are not as significant as when there are electron distributions with very low κ-values.
Extragalactic stellar tidal streams in the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Miró-Carretero Juan , Martínez-Delgado David , Gómez-Flechoso María A. , Cooper Andrew , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Donatiello Giuseppe , Kuijken Konrad , Lang Dustin , Makarov Dmitry , Laine Seppo , Roca-Fàbrega Santi
Published: September 2024

Context. Stellar tidal streams are a key tracer of galaxy evolution and have the potential to provide an indirect means for tracing dark matter. For the Local Group, many diffuse substructures have been identified and their link to galaxy evolution has been traced. However, the Local Group does not offer a statistically significant sample of stellar tidal streams. Thus, an analysis of a larger sample beyond the Local Group is required to better probe the frequency and characteristics of these streams to verify whether these properties are in agreement with the predictions of the ΛCDM model and its implementation in cosmological simulations, taking into account the impact of the baryonic physics modelling.

Aims. The main scope of the Stellar Stream Legacy Survey is to obtain a statistically significant sample of stellar streams in the local Universe to be able to trace and study minor mergers and their contribution to galaxy evolution with respect to the ΛCDM theory. For that purpose, we are carrying out the first systematic survey of faint stellar debris from tidally disrupted dwarf satellites around nearby galaxies up to a distance of 100 Mpc.

Methods. In this paper, we present a catalogue with the results of the first harvest of stellar tidal streams found by visual inspection in deep images of ∼700 galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We also include, for the first time, a photometric characterisation of the streams obtained by measuring their surface brightnesses and colours.

Results. We found a total of 63 streams in our sample at distances between 40 and 100 Mpc, including 58 that were not previously reported. We measured their average surface brightness for the g band, the r band and the z band, to be 28.35 ± 0.20, 27.81 ± 0.13, and 27.62 ± 0.09 mag arcsec−2, respectively. By applying a statistical analysis to our findings, we obtained a stream detection frequency of 9.1% ± 1.1% for the given surface brightness limit of the DES image sample, in agreement with previous studies. We identified stream progenitors in 5–14% of our stream sample, depending on the confidence level.

Conclusions. The first catalogue of streams in the local Universe presented here will be complemented by future stream surveys within the Stellar Stream Legacy Survey and can be exploited in studies pertaining to galaxy evolution and cosmological models. In this work, we have learnt that the faintest measured stream surface brightness can be significantly brighter than the surface brightness limit of an image measured at the pixel level (in our case up to ∼1 mag arcsec−2 for the r band) mainly due to correlated noise present in the images.
Mapping AGN winds: A connection between radio-mode AGNs and the AGN feedback cycle
Authors: Albán M. , Wylezalek D. , Comerford J. M. , Greene J. E. , Riffel R. A.
Published: September 2024

We present a kinematic analysis based on the large integral field spectroscopy (IFS) dataset of SDSS-IV MaNGA (Sloan Digital Sky Survey/Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory; ∼10 000 galaxies). We have compiled a diverse sample of 594 unique active galactic nuclei (AGNs), identified through a variety of independent selection techniques, encompassing radio (1.4 GHz) observations, optical emission-line diagnostics (BPT), broad Balmer emission lines, mid-infrared colors, and hard X-ray emission. We investigated how ionized gas kinematics behave in these different AGN populations through stacked radial profiles of the [O III] 5007 emission-line width across each AGN population. We contrasted AGN populations against each other (and non-AGN galaxies) by matching samples by stellar mass, [O III] 5007 luminosity, morphology, and redshift. We find similar kinematics between AGNs selected by BPT diagnostics compared to broad-line-selected AGNs. We also identify a population of non-AGNs with similar radial profiles as AGNs, indicative of the presence of remnant outflows (or fossil outflows) of past AGN activity. We find that purely radio-selected AGNs display enhanced ionized gas line widths across all radii. This suggests that our radio-selection technique is sensitive to a population in which AGN-driven kinematic perturbations have been active for longer durations (potentially due to recurrent activity) than in purely optically selected AGNs. This connection between radio activity and extended ionized gas outflow signatures is consistent with recent evidence that suggests radio emission (expected to be diffuse) originated due to shocks from outflows. We conclude that different selection techniques can trace different AGN populations not only in terms of energetics but also in terms of AGN evolutionary stages. Our results are important in the context of the AGN duty cycle and highlight integral field unit data’s potential to deepen our knowledge of AGNs and galaxy evolution.
Krankheitsbilder im Alter: Polymyalgia rheumatica,
Riesenzellarteriitis, Schnitzler-Syndrom und VEXAS-Syndrom
Authors: Pankow Anne , Bonnekoh Hanna , Krusche Martin , Ohrndorf Sarah
Published: September 2024

Die Behandlung von älteren Patient:innen bedarf besonderer Aufmerksamkeit und
spezieller Fachkenntnisse. Altersbedingte Veränderungen des Immunsystems,
multiple Komorbiditäten und eine altersabhängige Pharmakokinetik und -dynamik
erfordern eine individuelle und sorgfältige Herangehensweise. Ziel dieses
Artikels ist es, aktuelle Erkenntnisse und praxisrelevante Ansätze zur
Diagnostik und Therapie ausgewählter rheumatologischer Erkrankungen im höheren
Lebensalter, wie Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA),
Schnitzler-Syndrom und VEXAS-Syndrom zu präsentieren.
The Catalytic Synthesis of Aza-Sulfur Functional Groups
Authors: Willis Michael C. , Wei Ming-Kai
Published: September 2024

Sulfur-containing compounds are found in myriad applications. Sulfones and sulfonamides are the most common functional groups used in medicinal and agrochemical endeavours. Isosteres of these functional groups, for example, sulfoximines and sulfonimidamides, are emerging functionalities, and they are increasingly common in the relevant patent literature. However, in general, the associated synthetic routes still have limitations, including the use of harsh reaction conditions and highly reactive reagents. A variety of catalytic reactions that employ a diverse range of substrate classes have been developed to address these issues. This short review highlights recent catalytic syntheses of aza-sulfur compounds, which we hope will open new directions in discovery chemistry.

1 Introduction

2 Reactions of N-Sulfinylamines

3 Reactions with Sulfenamides

4 Reactions with Sulfinates

5 Reactions with Sulfinamides

6 Reactions with Other Aza-Sulfur Compounds

7 Conclusion
First Example of Aryl–Hetaryl Cross-Coupling via [5,5]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Chebanov Valentyn A. , Buravov Oleksandr V. , Tomak Victor O. , Shishkina Svitlana V.
Published: September 2024

Polysubstituted furans and thiophenes with orthogonal functional groups were synthesized by a Strecker-type reaction leading to (arylaminonitriles), which underwent a [5,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement under mild conditions. The intramolecular character of the rearrangement was additionally proved.
Recurrent Axis Chordoma after Carbon ion Therapy Necessitating Reconstructive Surgery with Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flap: A Case Report
Authors: Imai Toshiro , Kurosawa Koreyuki , Hayashi Masanobu , Shinyo Ishi , Shoji Miki , Aizawa Toshimi , Imai Yoshimichi
Published: September 2024

Chordomas originate from remnant tissue of the notochord during embryonic development, with a relatively low incidence rate. Furthermore, chordomas, being resistant to radiotherapy, are primarily treated by resection; however, in some cases, particularly in those that involve the skull base or upper cervical spine, chordomas are unresectable. In recent years, carbon ion/proton beam therapy has shown significant efficacy in such cases. However, it is not sufficiently curative and is commonly associated with recurrence. Moreover, there is no consensus regarding the treatment of recurrent cases, resulting in several uncertainties pertaining to it. Here, we present the case of a 55-year-old male patient with axial chordoma who experienced recurrence after carbon ion therapy and underwent tumor reduction surgery for a longer life span. Two months postoperatively, dehiscence was found in the posterior pharyngeal wall, probably due to heavy ion therapy. Salvage surgery was performed using an osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap, and the patient's postoperative course was uneventful.
How brand CSR responses to the pandemic impact brand value, growth, and rank
Authors: Taher Ahmed , Rizkalla Amy
Published: September 2024

The top 100 brands globally in 2020 have responded to the coronavirus pandemic by donating cash, donating in kind, providing special services to their customers, and supporting their employees. The research investigates if their actions reflected on the brand value, brand growth, or brand rank change and which of the four actions, if any, significantly impacted brand performance indicators. The research showed that donations in kind and customer service responses affected brand growth. Both brand value and rank are more long-term and cannot be changed significantly by short-term responses in one year. The authors conclude with a discussion of the insights, research limitations, theoretical and managerial implications, and directions for future research.
Study on mechanical and electrical properties improvement of insulating paper modified by cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Daning , Zhai Xinnan , Wang Siyu , Li Xuan , Xu Pengjiang , Zhao Haoxiang , Zhang Guan-jun
Published: September 2024

The mechanical and dielectric properties of transformer insulating paper are key factors that require close attention to ensure optimal operation. In this study, a novel approach of enhancing properties by nanocellulose modification was proposed. To investigate the effect of doping, insulating paper with different doping mass fractions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was prepared, and multiple properties of the sample were characterized. By applying a doping concentration gradient, the non-monotonic trend in performance with doping levels was revealed, and the impact of doping concentration on the data variability was investigated. The effects of CNC doping on the surface pore size of the samples were analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and a mercury intrusion method, and the regularity of CNC dispersion uniformity with doping concentration was investigated. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller model was employed to fit the water vapor adsorption isotherm data, providing an analysis of the impact of doping on hydrogen bond connections and the moisture adsorption properties. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were measured and analyzed using the Page model and the Halpin–Kardos model. The tensile strength of the 6 wt. % CNC-modified paper was increased by 6.91%. 10 wt. % CNC-modified paper had a Young's modulus increase of 11.98%. 3 wt. % CNC-modified paper has a 28.53% increase in the AC breakdown field strength and an 8.72% increase in the DC breakdown field strength. The influence of CNC on the dielectric properties of the insulating paper was discussed using the Havriliak–Negami (H–N) model. The results indicate that the introduction of CNC can effectively enhance the comprehensive performance of oil-immersed insulating paper.
Data-driven discovery of drag-inducing elements on a rough surface through convolutional neural networks
Authors: Shin Heesoo , Khorasani Seyed Morteza Habibi , Shi Zhaoyu , Yang Jiasheng , Bagheri Shervin , Lee Sangseung
Published: September 2024

Understanding the influence of surface roughness on drag forces remains a significant challenge in fluid dynamics. This paper presents a convolutional neural network (CNN) that predicts drag solely by the topography of rough surfaces and is capable of discovering spatial patterns linked to drag-inducing structures. A CNN model was developed to analyze spatial information from the topography of a rough surface and predict the roughness function, ΔU+, obtained from direct numerical simulation. This model enables the prediction of drag from rough surface data alone, which was not possible with previous methods owing to the large number of surface-derived parameters. Additionally, the retention of spatial information by the model enables the creation of a feature map that accentuates critical areas for drag prediction on rough surfaces. By interpreting the feature maps, we show that the developed CNN model is able to discover spatial patterns associated with drag distributions across rough surfaces, even without a direct training on drag distribution data. The analysis of the feature map indicates that, even without flow field information, the CNN model extracts the importance of the flow-directional slope and height of roughness elements as key factors in inducing pressure drag. This study demonstrates that CNN-based drag prediction is grounded in physical principles of fluid dynamics, underscoring the utility of CNNs in both predicting and understanding drag on rough surfaces.
Dynamic coupling of wing mechanics and aerodynamics in Dipteran-inspired flapping wing systems
Authors: Shah Chhote Lal , Sourav Kumar , Sarkar Sunetra
Published: September 2024

This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the nonlinear dynamics of Dipteran-inspired flapping flight systems at low Reynolds numbers, with the goal of advancing micro aerial vehicle (MAV) design. Using a forced Duffing oscillator model to represent the wing's structural dynamics and an in-house Navier–Stokes solver based on the immersed boundary method for aerodynamic forces, we capture the intricate fluid–structure interactions (FSI) of the system. Our results reveal insights into the stability and chaotic behavior of the flapping wing system, emphasizing the critical role of viscous effects. The complex interplay between the wing's nonlinear response and aerodynamic loads leads to diverse oscillatory patterns and transitions to chaos. By varying the actuation force as a bifurcation parameter, the system transitions from periodic behavior to sustained chaos through intermediate quasi-periodic and transient chaotic states. These findings highlight the importance of accurately modeling FSI to enhance MAV performance, providing valuable insights into their design and for stability and maneuverability in bio-inspired flapping flight systems.
Fast Fourier transform spectroscopy with broadband strongly modulated quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Cargioli A. , Piciocchi D. , Bertrand M. , Faist J. , Scalari G.
Published: September 2024

The combination of speed and resolution is a fundamental figure of merit for Fourier transform spectroscopy. Here, we show that, by combining a fast rotational delay line with a strongly modulated quantum cascade laser (QCL), it is possible to perform broadband spectroscopy over a range of 175 cm−1, with a total effective integration time of about 6 s and a resolution of 0.03 cm−1. Remarkably, even though the resolution of the measurement is limited by the source, the interleaving technique can still be applied when the QCL is not in a frequency comb regime, considerably broadening the bandwidth of the instrument.
Stability analysis with complex ray theory for wave packets behind a roughness element
Authors: Ide Yuki , Ohira Keisuke
Published: September 2024

In this theoretical study, we apply a method based on the complex ray theory (CRT) for the first time to the stability analysis of a roughness-induced boundary layer at a sub- but near-critical condition and use it to investigate the linear behavior of slit-excited localized disturbances (wave packets). Base flows past a cylindrical roughness element and their stabilities are, respectively, solved using an in-house high-fidelity direct numerical simulation code and a two-dimensional partial-differential equation-based stability code (two-dimensional linear stability theory; 2DLST). First, a detailed spatial analysis treating conventional vibrating ribbon-excited waves is conducted to obtain overall stability characteristics. Then, to demonstrate the potential applicability of the CRT-based 2DLST method, the satisfiability of a realization condition is investigated to determine whether each wave packet of the representative dominant modes (in-wake/far-wake/varicose/sinuous modes) can be observed in physical space. As a result, our analyses clarified that only wave packets within a limited range of wave parameters can satisfy the realization condition.
Effects of physical modification on permeability evolution of coal under CO2–water
Authors: Zheng Jingwei , Hu Huarui , Chen Cancan , Zhang Xiang , Li Chengtian
Published: September 2024

The deep coal seam is the ideal place for CO2 geological storage, and its permeability is the key index to evaluate the geological storage ability. In this study, permeability tests on coal samples under triaxial stress were conducted. Combined with nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray diffraction tests, the physical modification mechanism of coal sample under the action of water–CO2 and its effect on permeability were discussed. The results indicate that, due to effective stress and adsorption expansion, the internal pores of the coal samples are compressed and closed, resulting in narrower seepage channels. Under varying effective stress conditions, the permeability of coal samples with different moisture contents decreases before CO2 adsorption, after CO2 adsorption, and after CO2 desorption, as moisture content increases. However, due to competitive adsorption between water and CO2, the permeability of coal samples after CO2 injection is lower than that before injection. Under the combined effects of water and CO2, the coal matrix experiences complex interactions leading to mineral dissolution, precipitation accumulation, and changes in the composition and pore structure of the coal samples. After CO2 desorption, the permeability of coal samples exhibits an “M”-shaped change with increasing moisture content. The permeability of samples with 5.6% moisture content was lower than that before CO2 injection, whereas the permeability of other samples increased. The sample with moisture content of 2.8% showed the highest permeability, with the largest proportion of mesopores and macropores providing seepage channels. In contrast, the sample with moisture content of 5.6% had a reduced macropore volume proportion, making macropores the dominant factor in permeability. Based on these findings, a permeability model for coal samples was derived and its accuracy verified. The study reveals the influence mechanism of adsorption expansion, effective stress, and moisture content on the permeability of coal samples.
The interplay of shape and catalyst distribution in the yield of compressible flow microreactors
Authors: C. Antunes G. , Jiménez-Sánchez M. , Malgaretti P. , Bachmann J. , Harting J.
Published: September 2024

We develop a semi-analytical model for transport in structured catalytic microreactors, where both reactant and product are compressible fluids. Using lubrication and Fick–Jacobs approximations, we reduce the three-dimensional governing equations to an effective one-dimensional set of equations. Our model captures the effect of compressibility, corrugations in the shape of the reactor, and an inhomogeneous catalytic coating of the reactor walls. We show that in the weakly compressible limit (e.g., liquid-phase reactors), the distribution of catalyst does not influence the reactor yield, which we verify experimentally. Beyond this limit, we show that introducing inhomogeneities in the catalytic coating and corrugations to the reactor walls can improve the yield.
Here kitty-kitty: lure choice for predator attraction in a temperate environment
Authors: Paton Alexandra J. , Brook Barry W. , Buettel Jessie C.
Published: September 2024

Context Camera traps have become a crucial tool for monitoring predators and are frequently deployed with lures to boost detection. Feral cats, a problematic invasive species in Australia, are commonly monitored using camera traps with lures. Despite the additional effort required for lure deployment, it remains unclear which lures are effective for monitoring feral cats. Aims Our study aimed to address this knowledge gap and assess the impact of various lure treatments on feral cat detection and activity. We also examined the response of other predators, such as Tasmanian devils and spotted-tailed quolls, to the lures and explored how their activity influenced feral cat visitation. Methods We deployed food, olfactory and visual lures, along with a null treatment across four grids of 16 camera traps over a period of 4 months in south-eastern Tasmania. Key results We observed increased feral cat detection with food (odds ratio = 3.69, 97.5% CI = 1.04, 13.2) and visual lures (odds ratio = 5.95, CI = 1.75, 20.2), but not olfactory lures (odds ratio = 1.88, CI = 0.55, 6.51). Examining only sites where cats were detected, food (odds ratio = 3.35, CI = 1.27, 8.9), visual (odds ratio = 3.39, CI = 1.41, 8.1) and olfactory (odds ratio = 2.7, CI = 1.02, 7.1) lures all increased feral cat visitation to the camera traps. Tasmanian devil and spotted-tailed quoll activity increased 4.85-fold (CI = 2.89, 8.1) and 4.94-fold (CI = 2.92, 8.4) when using the food lure, and 4.24-fold (CI = 2.5, 7.2) and 3.49-fold (CI = 2.03, 6.0) when using the olfactory lure. Whereas a positive relationship existed between devil and cat activity overall (β = 0.49, s.e. = 0.15, P ≤ 0.001), negative associations were found between devil and cat activity in the presence of food (β = −0.36, s.e. = 0.19, P = 0.057) and olfactory (β = −0.42, s.e. = 0.20, P = 0.026) lures. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of lures in temperate environments for feral cat monitoring but highlighted potential interspecific interactions that reduce feral cat visitation. Implications We recommend a thoughtful consideration of the environment and resident species to ensure effective lure use and to minimise unintended negative influences on the capture of target species.
Nuclei as mechanical bumpers during epithelial remodeling
Authors: de Leeuw Noah F. , Budhathoki Rashmi , Russell Liam J. , Loerke Dinah , Blankenship J. Todd
Published: September 2024

The morphogenesis of developing tissues relies on extensive cellular rearrangements in shape, position, and identity. A key process in reshaping tissues is cell intercalation-driven elongation, where epithelial cells align and intercalate along a common axis. Typically, analyses focus on how peripheral cortical forces influence cell shape changes. Less attention is given to how inhomogeneities in internal structures, particularly the nucleus, impact cell shaping. Here, we examine how pulsed contractile and extension dynamics interact with the nucleus in elongating Drosophila embryos. Our data show that tightly packed nuclei in apical layers hinder tissue remodeling/oscillatory behaviors. We identify two mechanisms for resolving internuclear tensions: nuclear deformation and dispersion. Embryos with non-deformable nuclei use nuclear dispersion to maintain near-normal extensile rates, while those with non-dispersible nuclei due to microtubule inhibition exhibit disruptions in contractile behaviors. Disrupting both mechanisms leads to severe tissue extension defects and cell extrusion. These findings highlight the critical role of nuclear shape and positioning in topological remodeling of epithelia.
A derivation of E = mc
2 without electrodynamics
Authors: Nenashev A V , Baranovskii S D , Gebhard F
Published: September 2024

There are several ways to derive Einstein’s celebrated formula for the energy of a massive particle at rest, E = mc
2. Noether’s theorem applied to the relativistic Lagrange function provides an unambiguous and straightforward access to energy and momentum conservation laws but those tools were not available at the beginning of the twentieth century and are not at hand for newcomers even nowadays. In the so-called pedestrian approach for newcomers, we start from relativistic kinematics and analyze elastic and inelastic scattering processes in different reference frames to derive the relativistic energy–mass relation. We extend the analysis to Compton scattering between a massive particle and a photon, and a massive particle emitting two photons. Using the Doppler formula, it follows that E = ℏ
ω for photons at angular frequency ω where ℏ is the reduced Planck constant. We relate our work to other derivations of Einstein’s formula in the literature.
Study of the influence of nitrogen doping on magnetic anisotropy in CoFe/MgO thin films with different deposition sequences
Authors: Liu Chuyue , Xu Xiulan , Liu Jintao , Yang Xinyan , Zhao Di , Zuo Minggao , Hu Wangyang , Ma Xujie , Yu Guanghua
Published: September 2024

The ferromagnetic (FM)/MgO structure multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) play a crucial role in magnetic random-access memory. It is essential to explore the methods for modulating magnetic anisotropy and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. We study the regulation of the magnetic anisotropy with nitrogen (N) doping concentration (CN) in two samples: Ta/CoFe(N)/MgO/Ta (S1) and Ta/MgO/CoFe(N)/Ta (S2) with different deposition sequences. The S1 sample exhibits in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) without N doping. And the sample presents PMA when CN = 15%. The S2 sample shows weak PMA without N doping, and the sample converts to IMA when CN = 15%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed to evaluate the oxidation level of Fe at the CoFe/MgO interface by the peak area ratio of Fe oxide to Fe (ϵ). It is believed that excessively high and low ϵ values correspond to over-oxidation and under-oxidation of Fe, respectively. For films deposited in different sequences, both over-oxidation and under-oxidation lead to IMA, while moderate oxidation facilitates the formation of PMA. The microstructure analysis reveals that the N doping does not affect the crystallization of the films, indicating that magnetocrystalline anisotropy has a minor influence on the changes of K
eff.
Bandgap tuning for transition metal oxides via PEGylation
Authors: Jha Priyanka A , Mishra Jay N , Yadav Gargi , Kumar Tanti Harinder , Ranjan Ashish K , Jha Pardeep K , Singh Prabhakar
Published: September 2024

Bandgap engineering is controlled manipulation of the bandgap of materials/meta-materials to achieve desired properties. The electrical and optical properties of materials are significantly affected by bandgap tuning; therefore, bandgap engineering is a powerful technique for designing electronic and optoelectronic devices. Compositional engineering, strain engineering, and nanoscience and technology are the three major fields associated with bandgap engineering. Any unique combination of this engineering can provide novel strategies to produce novel band-structured devices. In this method article, we have demonstrated how solvation energy can alter the bandgap energy, a fact that is generally ignored due to misconceptions about quantum/size confinement. Here, we prepare nanostructured transition metal oxides (Co3O4, CuO, and ZnO) with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the method is termed PEGylation. We investigate the influence of PEGylation on the structural, electrochemical, and electronic nature of these oxides. It is observed that the bandgap tunability (7.33%) is maximum for ZnO. Our study suggests that band alteration is significantly correlated with the change in lattice parameters; however, it is orientation dependent as the correlation coefficient reduces to 0.85 from 1 for the change in lattice parameter b along the y-axis compared to the other two lattice parameters. Similarly, band alteration is also known to have some correlation with the electrochemical potential, but is surprisingly almost independent of size confinement.