bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Assessment of Change and Hurricane Impacts to Houston’s Urban Forest Structure
Authors: Staudhammer Christina , Escobedo Francisco , Lawrence Alicia , Duryea Mary , Smith Pete , Merritt Mickey
Published: November 2021

A subsample of 332, 0.06-hectare plots measured during 2001–2002 in Houston, TX, U.S., were relocated and measured in 2008 following Hurricane Ike. These 37 re-measured plots provide a unique opportunity to explore the effects of urbanization and hurricanes on the forest structure of coastal urban forests. Statistical analyses of growth, mortality, and in-growth were conducted using plot- and tree-level factors. In total, 305 trees were re-measured, of which 195 (63.9%) still remained on-site and 110 (36.1%) had been removed. Ninety-seven (31.8%) of these trees were determined to be removed due to urbanization and 13 trees (4.3%) were removed due to hurricane impacts. Results show an overall annual net loss in tree numbers and an increase in tree density during the analysis period. Average annual mortality and in-growth rates were 3.9% and 5.3%, respectively. Growth rates were significantly influenced by land cover type, tree stem diameter, crown width, and percent dieback (P < 0.05). Overall, Hurricane Ike resulted in the removal of 4.3% of all trees measured, with removal occurring on six (16%) of the 37 re-measured plots. These initial findings could be used to understand changes in forest structure in coastal urban areas, improve estimates of carbon sequestration, and develop management goals.
Assessments of Citizen Willingness to Support Urban Forestry: An Empirical Study in Alabama
Authors: Zhang Yaoqi , Zheng Bin
Published: November 2021

Using a survey conducted in Alabama, U.S., this study investigates the attitudes of urban residents toward urban trees and how they would like to support urban tree programs. An ordered logistic model and ordinary least square regression were applied in the analyses. It is found, in general, that people prefer to have trees on their property and in their community for all gender, age, race, income, and other family background, but individuals with higher education had a tendency to like more trees. The most desirable amenity of trees is the improved appearance. The potential risks and hazards would discourage them from having trees in their communities. It is found that each person’s voluntary willingness to donate is significantly less than the amount that he or she feels everyone should contribute to support the programs (e.g., taxation). The awareness of the presence of a tree agency and service can significantly increase the amount of donation a person is willing to make. While private donation is widely agreed upon as an important source of support, using alcohol and tobacco taxes as funding for financing urban tree programs receives more support than the idea of using corporate income tax and property tax. The results indicate that the citizen willingness to support urban forestry are affected by various factors, therefore, a holistic approach is needed to promote city tree programs.
Control of Red Elm Bark Weevil (Magdalis armicollis) in American Elm (Ulmus americana) by Trunk Injection of Azadirachtin
Authors: Booth Michael , Goettel Mark
Published: November 2021

Trunk injection of azadirachtin into elm trees (Ulmus americana) using the Ecoject™Microinjection System to reduce emergence numbers of red elm bark weevil (Magdalis armicollis) was evaluated. Twelve mature trees were each injected with TreeAzin™in early August 2010 at a rate of 16 ml per 15.2 cm trunk circumference at breast height. The following year, weevil activity was monitored at weekly intervals for four weeks using sticky traps placed in the canopies. There was a significant reduction of 55%–60% in weevil activity in early summer in the treated tree canopies as compared to the control, suggesting that this method may be an effective management tool for this pest.
Evaluation of Biostimulants to ControlGuignardiaLeaf Blotch (Guignardia aesculi) of Horsechestnut and Black Spot (Diplocarpon rosae) of Roses
Authors: Banks Jonathan M. , Percival Glynn C.
Published: November 2021

Biostimulants are classified as materials that are neither a fertilizer nor a pesticide, but when applied to a plant will enhance their health, growth, and protection. Manufacturers claim biostimulants have underexploited potential in providing protectant properties to plants against pathogen attack. This study evaluated the efficacy of seven commercially available biostimulants against the foliar pathogensGuignardia aesculi, leaf blotch of horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocastanumL.) andDiplocarpon rosaeblack spot of roses (Rosa “Pretty Polly”). None of the biostimulant products tested in this investigation achieved a sufficient degree of pathogen control to warrant replacement of or supplementation with conventional synthetic fungicides.
Fundamentalismo religioso & educação: um enredo potencial à formação literária como direitos humanos
Authors: Aviz Roselete Fagundes de
Published: November 2021

A pesquisa em que este trabalho baseia-se teve como objetivo contribuir com o conhecimento e com o diagnóstico das formas de violências, incluindo a violência/abuso sexual em contextos de “fundamentalismos religiosos”, em uma perspectiva cultural, histórica e sociológica. Como ponto de partida, buscaram-se histórias de vida de mulheres que sofreram na infância/adolescência algum tipo de violência em tais circunstâncias.  A partir dessas narrativas, buscou-se fazer o levantamento de estudos em torno das questões referentes à infância, aos “fundamentalismos religiosos” e à temática da violência nesses contextos, para aprofundar as discussões teóricas sobre a temática, tendo sempre em vista possibilidades de debates sobre o papel que nela tem a Educação. A metodologia pauta-se na definição de uma coleta de base, representada pelas histórias de vida por meio de um blog, que foi aberto especificamente como instrumento digital para a criação, recolha e divulgação das histórias no contexto da referida pesquisa. Foi utilizado ainda um microblog (Twitter) como dispositivo de divulgação e participação, fomentando, assim, a discussão sobre a temática dos “fundamentalismos religiosos”. Dentre os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a Educação e o “Fundamentalismo Cristão” encontram-se naquilo que denominamos na pesquisa, “pedagogia do medo.” Nesse sentido, para pensar sobre o papel da Educação no contexto da temática pesquisada, este artigo traz a formação do leitor literário como educação fundamental, uma vez que formar leitores de literatura é contribuir para a compreensão de um importante tipo de conhecimento humano, ou seja, é relacionar essa formação aos direitos humanos (CÂNDIDO, 2004).
Direitos humanos e estado de coisas inconstitucional no sistema carcerário: o transconstitucionalismo latino-americano na ADPF nº 347
Authors: Wermuth Maiquel Angelo Dezordi , Castro André Giovane de
Published: November 2021

O constitucionalismo latino-americano contribuiu à redemocratização da região no século XX com a adoção de textos constitucionais baseados nos direitos humanos. A violação abrupta, contínua e sistemática de direitos humanos, no entanto, mantém-se. O poder Judiciário é convocado a resolver os dilemas. A Corte Constitucional da Colômbia, em 1997, criou e desenvolveu o instituto do estado de coisas inconstitucional. O Brasil utilizou-se da técnica em 2015 nos autos da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 347 sobre o sistema carcerário nacional. A escassez de estudos deste tema ainda é considerável. Problematiza-se, assim, com vistas ao “Ius Constitutionale Commune” na América Latina: em que medida o método do estado de coisas inconstitucional, à luz do transconstitucionalismo latino-americano, contribui para a efetivação dos direitos humanos dos custodiados no Brasil? O estado de coisas inconstitucional visa à observância dos direitos humanos em casos com falhas estruturais e, neste sentido, a inserção transconstitucional da técnica colombiana no Brasil conduz-se ao “Ius Constitutionale Commune” na América Latina. O texto divide-se em duas seções e objetiva, respectivamente, analisar o estado de coisas inconstitucional à luz do transconstitucionalismo e refletir acerca dos desafios e possibilidades do Supremo Tribunal Federal no julgamento da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 347. O artigo desenvolve-se a partir da metodologia do estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, técnica exploratória e procedimentos bibliográfico e documental.
Is intra-articular infliximab therapy a good alternative to radionuclide synovectomy for a patient with refractory pigmented villonodular synovitis?
Authors: Felis-Giemza Anna , Apanel-Kotarska Anna , Chojnowski Marek , Olesińska Marzena
Published: November 2021

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare disease that has clinical and histopathological characteristics of both benign proliferative disorder and a chronic inflammatory process of the synovial tissue. The primary mode of treatment is surgery followed by an adjuvant radiotherapy; however, the risk of recurrence is a significant (40–70%). Several publications suggest that the TNF-α inhibitors might be a treatment option. We present a case of a 29-year-old female diagnosed with PVNS of the knee joint, refractory to surgery and 3 radionuclide synovectomies. Because the possibilities of conventional therapy were exhausted, treatment with an intra-articular anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody (infliximab) was performed. Despite a high safety profile and a good tolerance of that therapy we did not observe significant clinical and radiological improvement. To assess the effectiveness of intra-articular TNF-α inhibitors as an adjuvant treatment in PVNS, prospective studies are needed.
Design of Power Efficient Phase Frequency Detector and Voltage Controlled Oscillator for PLL Applications in 45 nm CMOS Technology
Authors:   Microelectronics, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, India., Srivastava Pawan , Singh Chauhan Dr. Ram Chandra ,   Microelectronics, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, India.
Published: November 2021

A novel phase frequency detector is designed which is made up of 16 transistors whereas conventional is of 48 transistors. This paper also presented the design of charge pump circuit and current starved VCO (CSVCO). These are the critical blocks that are widely used for applications like clock and data recovery circuit, PLL, frequency synthesizer. The proposed PFD eliminates the reset circuit using pass transistor logic and operates effectively at higher frequencies. The circuits are designed using Cadence Virtuoso v6.1 in 45nm CMOS technology having supply voltage 1V. It was found that the power consumption of PFD is 138.2 nW which is significantly lesser than other designs. CSVCO also analysed at operating frequency of 10 MHz to give output oscillation frequency of 1.119 GHz with power dissipation of 18.91 μW. Corner analysis done for both the PFD and CSVCO for various process variations. Monte Carlo analysis also done for the proposed PFD and presented CSVCO to test the circuit reliableness.
Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils with Different Plasticity
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering- Faculty of Engineering- Suez Canal University – Ismailia – Egypt., Refai Kassab Alaa El-Hosani , Moubark Azza Hassan ,   Department of Civil Engineering- Faculty of Engineering- Suez Canal University – Ismailia – Egypt., Elkamash Waleed Hamdy ,   Department of Civil Engineering- Faculty of Engineering- Suez Canal University – Ismailia – Egypt., Hafez Ismail Kamal Mohamed ,   Department of Civil Engineering- Faculty of Engineering- Suez Canal University – Ismailia – Egypt.
Published: November 2021

A series of shear box tests were conducted on four different types of soils in this study. The first set , (clay1) is the host clay, Middle Delta Nile clay “MDNC” which was obtained from Mid Delta Nile zone, Qalyubiyya Governorate, Egypt. The second set, (clay2) consists of the host clay MDNC but mixed with 40% sand. The third set of tests (clay3) was carried out on natural low plastic clay samples brought from El-Tal El-Kbeer area in Ismailia Governorate. The fourth set (clayey sand -SC) consists of 25% of the host clay MDNC mixed with 75% sand. The purpose is to predict the unsaturated shear strength for various soil types. The results illustrate that for clay1, clay2, and clay3, the relationships between the unsaturated shear strength and matric suction are approximated to two linear failure envelopes intersected at matric suction equals to plastic limit. Each segment has an angle of internal friction due to matric suction  b ranging from 1.80 o to 2.90o for the first zone and  b ranging from 0.28 o to 0.20o for the second zone. Meanwhile, for SC soil it appears to have one linear failure envelope for all saturation levels with angle of internal friction due to matric suction;  b=1.19 o.. Design- Expert® software applied the least square method (LSM) to fit a mathematical model for the experimental data. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the program is used to predict the required model. The paper proposed two general equations to calculate the shear strength of unsaturated clays and one equation for granular soils, which are presented at the end of the paper with their coefficients.
Stability dependent increases in liquid water with droplet number in the Arctic
Authors: Murray-Watson Rebecca Jonette , Gryspeerdt Edward
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The effects of aerosols on cloud microphysical properties are a large source of uncertainty when assessing anthropogenic climate change. The aerosol-cloud relationship is particularly unclear in high-latitude polar regions due to a limited number of observations. Cloud liquid water path (LWP) is an important control on cloud radiative properties, particularly in the Arctic, where clouds play a central role in the surface energy budget. Therefore, understanding how aerosols may alter cloud LWP is important, especially as aerosol sources such as industry and shipping move further north in a warming Arctic. Using satellite data, this work investigates the effects of aerosols on liquid Arctic clouds over open ocean by considering the relationship between cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) and LWP, an important component of the aerosol-LWP relationship. The LWP response to Nd varies significantly across the region, with increases in LWP with Nd observed at very high latitudes in multiple satellite datasets, with this positive signal observed most strongly during the summer months. This result is in contrast to the negative response typically seen in global satellite studies and previous work on Arctic clouds showing little LWP response to aerosols. The lower tropospheric stability (LTS) was found to be the driving force behind the spatial variations in LWP response, strongly influencing the sign and magnitude of the Nd-LWP relationship, with increases in LWP in high stability environments. The influence of humidity varied depending on the stability, with little impact at low LTS but a strong influence at high. The background Nd state does not seem to dominate the LWP response, despite the non-linearities in the relationship. As the LTS is projected to decrease in a future, warmer Arctic, these results show that increases may produce lower cloud water paths, offsetting their shortwave cooling effect.
Dipole pattern of summer ozone pollution in the east of China and its connection with climate variability
Authors: Ma Xiaoqing , Yin Zhicong
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Surface O3 pollution has become one of the most severe air pollution problems in China, which makes it of practical importance to understand O3 variability. A south–north dipole pattern of summer-mean O3 concentration in the east of China (DP-O3), which was centered in North China (NC) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD), has been identified from the simulation of a global 3-D chemical transport model for the period 1980–2019. Large-scale anticyclonic (cyclonic) and cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomalies over NC and the PRD resulted in a sharp contrast of meteorological conditions between the above two regions. The enhanced (restrained) photochemistry in NC and restrained (enhanced) O3 production in the PRD contributed to the DP-O3. Decreased sea ice anomalies near Franz Josef Land and associated warm sea surface in May enhanced the Rossby wave source over northern Europe and West Siberia, which eventually induced an anomalous Eurasia-like pattern to influence the formation of the DP-O3. The thermodynamic signals of the southern Indian Ocean dipole were stored in the subsurface and influenced the spatial pattern of O3 pollution in the east of China mainly through the Hadley circulation. The physical mechanisms behind the modulation of the atmospheric circulations and related DP-O3 by these two climate anomalies at different latitudes were evidently verified by large-scale ensemble simulations of the Earth system model.
Spatiotemporal variability in the oxidative potential of ambient fine particulate matter in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Yu Haoran , Puthussery Joseph Varghese , Wang Yixiang , Verma Vishal
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We assessed the oxidative potential (OP) of both water-soluble and
methanol-soluble fractions of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
in the Midwestern United States. A large set of PM2.5 samples (N=241) was collected from five sites set up in different environments, i.e.,
urban, rural, and roadside, in Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri during May 2018–May 2019. Five acellular OP endpoints, including the consumption rate of
ascorbic acid and glutathione in a surrogate lung fluid (SLF) (OPAA and
OPGSH, respectively), dithiothreitol (DTT) depletion rate (OPDTT),
and ⚫OH generation rate in SLF and DTT (OPOH−SLF and
OPOH−DTT, respectively), were measured for all PM2.5 samples.
PM2.5 mass concentrations in the Midwestern US as obtained from these
samples were spatially homogeneously distributed, while most OP endpoints
showed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Seasonally, higher
activities occurred in summer for most OP endpoints for both water- and
methanol-soluble extracts. Spatially, the roadside site showed the highest
activities for most OP endpoints in the water-soluble extracts, while only
occasional peaks were observed at urban sites in the methanol-soluble OP.
Most OP endpoints showed similar spatiotemporal trends between mass- and
volume-normalized activities across different sites and seasons. Comparisons
between two solvents (i.e., water and methanol) showed that methanol-soluble
OP generally had higher activity levels than corresponding water-soluble OP.
Site-to-site comparisons of OP showed stronger correlations for
methanol-soluble OP compared to water-soluble OP, indicating a better
extraction of water-insoluble redox-active compounds from various emission
sources into methanol. We found a weak correlation and inconsistent slope
values between PM2.5 mass and most OP endpoints. Moreover, the
poor to moderate intercorrelations among different OP endpoints indicate
different mechanisms of OP represented by these endpoints and thus
demonstrate the rationale for analyzing multiple acellular endpoints for a
better and more comprehensive assessment of OP.
Recession or resilience? Long-range socioeconomic consequences of the 17th century volcanic eruptions in the far north
Authors: Huhtamaa Heli , Stoffel Markus , Corona Christophe
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Past volcanic eruptions and their climatic impacts have been linked increasingly with co-occurring societal crises – like crop failures and famines – in recent research. Yet, as many of the volcanic cooling studies have a supra-regional or hemispheric focus, establishing pathways from climatic effects of an eruption to human repercussions has remained very challenging due to high spatial variability of socio-environmental systems. This, in turn, may render a distinction of coincidence from causation difficult. In this study, we employ micro-regionally resolved natural and written sources to study three 17th century volcanic eruptions (i.e. 1600 Huaynaputina, 1640/1641 Koma-ga-take/Parker, and 1695 unidentified eruptions) to look into their climatic as well as socioeconomic impacts among rural agricultural society in Ostrobothnia (Finland) with high temporal and spatial precision. Tree-ring and grain tithe data indicate that all three eruptions would have caused significant summer season temperature cooling and poor grain harvest in the region. Yet, tax debt records reveal that the socioeconomic consequences varied considerably among the eruptions as well as in time, space, and within the society. Whether the volcanic events had a strong or weak socioeconomic effect depended on various factors, such as the prevailing agro-ecosystem, resource availability, material capital, physical and immaterial networks, and institutional practices. These factors influenced societal vulnerability and resilience to cold pulses and the resulting harvest failures caused by the eruptions. This paper proposes that, besides detecting coinciding human calamities, more careful investigation at the micro-regional scale has a clear added value as it can provide deeper understanding on why and among whom the distal volcanic eruptions resulted in different societal impacts. Such understanding, in turn, can contribute to interdisciplinary research, advice political decision-making, and enhance scientific outreach.
Description and application of a distributed hydrological model based on soil–gravel structure in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Pengxiang , Zhou Zuhao , Liu Jiajia , Xu Chongyu , Wang Kang , Liu Yangli , Li Jia , Li Yuqing , Jia Yangwen , Wang Hao
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, known as the “Asian Water Tower”, has a thin soil layer with a thick gravel layer underneath. Its unique geological structure, combined with widespread snow and frozen soil in this area, profoundly affect the water circulation processes of the entire region. To thoroughly study the water cycle mechanism of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, this study considered the geological and climatic characteristics of this area and selected the Niyang River Basin as the study area. The Water and Energy transfer Processes in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (WEP-QTP) model was constructed based on the original Water and Energy transfer Processes in Cold Regions (WEP-COR) model. This model divides the single soil structure into two types of media: the soil layer and gravel layer. In the non-freeze–thaw period, two infiltration models based on the dualistic soil–gravel structure were developed based on the Richards equation in non-heavy rain periods and the multi-layer Green–Ampt model in heavy rain periods. During the freeze–thaw period, a hydrothermal coupling model based on the continuum of the snow–soil–gravel layer was constructed. This distributed hydrological model can dynamically simulate the changes in frozen soil and flow processes in this area. The addition of the gravel layer corrected the original model’s overestimation of the moisture content of the soil layer below the surface soil and reduced the moisture content relative error (RE) from 33.74 % to −12.11 %. The addition of the snow layer not only reduces the temperature fluctuation of the surface soil, but also works with the gravel layers to revise the original model’s overestimation of the freeze–thaw speed of the frozen soil. The temperature RE was reduced from −3.60 % to 0.08 %. In the non-freeze–thaw period, the dualistic soil–gravel structure improved the regulation effect of groundwater on flow, stabilizing the flow process. The maximum RE at the flow peak and valley decreased by 88.2 % and 21.3 %, respectively. In the freeze–thaw period, by considering the effect of the snow–soil–gravel layer continuum, the change in the frozen soil depth of WEP-QTP lags behind that of WEP-COR by approximately one month. There was more time for the river groundwater recharge, which better shows the “tailing” process after October. The flow simulated by the WEP-QTP model was more accurate and closer to the actual measurements, with Nash > 0.75 and |RE| < 10 %. The improved model reflects the effects of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau special environment on the hydrothermal transport and water cycle process and is suitable for hydrological simulation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Technical note: PMR – a proxy metric to assess hydrological model robustness in a changing climate
Authors: Royer-Gaspard Paul , Andréassian Vazken , Thirel Guillaume
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The ability of hydrological models to perform in climatic conditions different from those encountered in calibration is crucial to ensure a reliable assessment of the impact of climate change on river regimes and water availability. However, most evaluation studies based on the differential split-sample test (DSST) endorsed the consensus that rainfall–runoff models lack climatic robustness. Models applied under climatologically different conditions typically exhibit substantial errors in streamflow volumes. In this technical note, we propose a new performance metric to evaluate model robustness without applying the DSST, and it can be performed with a single hydrological model calibration. The proxy for model robustness (PMR) is based on the systematic computation of model error on sliding sub-periods of the whole streamflow time series. We demonstrate that the PMR metric shows patterns similar to those obtained with the DSST for a conceptual model on a set of 377 French catchments. An analysis of the sensitivity to the length of the sub-periods shows that this length influences the values of the PMR and its equivalency with DSST biases. We recommend a range of a few years for the choice of sub-period lengths, although this should be context dependent. Our work makes it possible to evaluate the temporal transferability of any hydrological model, including uncalibrated models, at a very low computational cost.
Characterization of soil moisture response patterns and hillslope hydrological processes through a self-organizing map
Authors: Lee Eunhyung , Kim Sanghyun
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Hydrologic events can be characterized as particular combinations of
hydrological processes on a hillslope scale. To configure hydrological
mechanisms, we analyzed a dataset using an unsupervised machine learning
algorithm to cluster the hydrologic events based on the dissimilarity
distances between the weighting components of a self-organizing map (SOM).
The time series of soil moisture was measured at 30 points (at 10 locations
with three different depths) for 356 rainfall events on a steep, forested
hillslope between 2007 and 2016. The soil moisture features for hydrologic
events can be effectively represented by the antecedent soil moisture, soil
moisture difference index, and standard deviation of the peak-to-peak time
between rainfall and soil moisture response. Five clusters were delineated
for hydrologically meaningful event classifications in the SOM
representation. The two-dimensional spatial weighting patterns in the SOM
provided more insights into the relationships between rainfall
characteristics, antecedent wetness, and soil moisture response at different
locations and depths. The distinction of the classified events could be
explained by several rainfall features and antecedent soil moisture
conditions that resulted in different patterns attributable to combinations
of hillslope hydrological processes, vertical flow, and lateral flow along
either surface or subsurface boundaries for the upslope and downslope areas.
A global open-source database of flood-protection levees on river deltas (openDELvE)
Authors: O'Dell Joey , Nienhuis Jaap H. , Cox Jana R. , Edmonds Douglas A. , Scussolini Paolo
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Flood-protection levees have been built along rivers and coastlines globally. Current datasets, however, are generally confined to territorial boundaries (national datasets) and are not always easily accessible, posing limitations for hydrologic models and assessments of flood hazard. Here we present our work to develop a single, open-source global river delta levee data environment (openDELvE) which aims to bridge a data deficiency by collecting and standardising global flood-protection levee data for river deltas. In openDELvE we have aggregated data from national databases as well as data stored in reports, maps, and satellite imagery. The database identifies the river delta land areas that the levees have been designed to protect, and where additional data is available, we record the extent and design specifications of the levees themselves (e.g., levee height, crest width, construction material) in a harmonised format. openDELvE currently contains 5,089 km of levees on deltas, and 44,733.505 km2 of leveed area in 1,601 polygons. For the 152 deltas included in openDELvE, on average 19 % of their habitable land area is confined by verifiable flood-protection levees. Globally, we estimate that between 5 % and 54 % of all delta land is confined by flood-protection levees. The data is aligned to the recent standards of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reuse of scientific data (FAIR) and is open-source. openDELvE is made public on an interactive platform (www.opendelve.eu), which includes a community-driven revision tool to encourage inclusion of new levee data and continuous improvement and refinement of open-source levee data.
Rainfall-Induced Landslide Early Warning System based on corrected mesoscale numerical models: an application for the Southern Andes
Authors: Fustos Ivo , Manque Nataly , Vásquez Daniel , Hermosilla Mauricio , Letelier Viviana
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Rainfall-Induced Landslide Early Warning Systems (RILEWS) are critical tools for reducing and mitigating economic and social damages related to landslides. Despite this critical need, the Southern Andes does not yet possess an operational-scale system to support decision-makers. We propose RILEWS using a logistic regression system in the Southern Andes. The models were forced by corrected simulations of precipitation and geomorphological features. We evaluated the precipitation using the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) model on an hourly scale. The precipitation was corrected using bias correction approaches with daily data from 12 meteorological stations. Four logistic and probabilistic models were then calibrated using Logit and Probit distributions. The predictor variables used were combinations of the slope, corrected daily precipitation and data preceding the events (7 and 30 days previous) for 57 Rainfall-Induced Landslides (RIL); validation was by ROC analysis. Our results showed that WRF does not represent the spatial variability of the precipitation. This situation was resolved by bias correcting. Specifically, the PP_M4a method with Bernoulli distribution for the occurrence and Gamma for the intensity produced lower MAE and RMSE values and higher correlation values. Finally, our RILEWS had a high predicting capacity with an AUC of 0.80 using daily precipitation data and slope. We conclude that our methodology is suitable at an operational level in the Southern Andes. Our contribution could become a useful tool in the mitigation of impacts related to climate change.
On the low western Pacific sea levels observed prior to strong East Pacific El Niños
Authors: Webb David J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Research, based on both observations and ocean models, has indicated that strong East Pacific El Niños are preceded by the development of unusually low sea levels at the western end of the North Equatorial Trough early in the year. This results in an increase in the strength of the North Equatorial Counter Current which, aided by low sea levels due to the annual Rossby wave, then transports West Pacific Warm Pool water to the central and eastern Pacific. Here, an ocean model is used to investigate the factors affecting sea level prior to the 1982–1983 East Pacific El Niño. The results indicate that during this period the reduction in sea level was caused by Ekman pumping, due to the local winds, acting over a period of many months. The north–south distances involved mean that such upwelling can be connected to the westerly wind phase
of Madden–Julian Oscillations. Since the 1980s, the quality and quantity of global wind measurement has steadily improved. So, if the Ekman pumping hypothesis is correct, the better-quality wind data available prior to the 1997–1998 and 2015–2016 East Pacific El Niños should also show unusually large Ekman pumping in
the same region, over a similar long period. This is tested and found to be correct. However, a study of the integrated Ekman pumping for the period 1976 to 2015 indicates that in some years similar events did not develop despite a
comparable amount of pumping during the first part of the year. The results imply that significant Ekman pumping early in the year is a necessary
but not sufficient requirement for the development of a strong East Pacific El Niño.
Dynamics of fortnightly water level variations along a tide-dominated estuary with negligible river discharge
Authors: Garel Erwan , Zhang Ping , Cai Huayang
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Observations indicate that the fortnightly fluctuations in the mean amplitude of water level increase in the upstream direction along
the lower half of a tide-dominated estuary (the Guadiana Estuary), with negligible
river discharge, but remain constant upstream. Analytical solutions
reproducing the semi-diurnal wave propagation shows that this pattern
results from reflection effects at the estuary head. The phase difference
between velocity and elevation increases from the mouth to the head (where
the wave has a standing nature) as the timing of high and low water levels
come progressively closer to slack water. Thus, the tidal (flood–ebb)
asymmetry in discharge is reduced in the upstream direction. It becomes
negligible along the upper estuary half as the mean sea level remains
constant despite increased friction due to wave shoaling. Observations of a
flat mean water level along a significant portion of an upper estuary
suggest a standing wave character and, thus, indicate significant reflection of the propagating semi-diurnal wave at the head. Details of the analytical model show that changes in the mean depth or length of semi-arid estuaries, in particular for macrotidal locations, affect the fortnightly tide amplitude and, thus, the upstream mass transport and inundation regime. This has significant potential impacts on the estuarine environment in terms of ecosystem management.
Some effects of flow expansion on the aerodynamics of horizontal-axis wind turbines
Authors: Wood David H. , Limacher Eric J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The flow upwind of an energy-extracting horizontal-axis wind turbine expands as it approaches the rotor, and the expansion continues in the vorticity-bearing wake behind the rotor. The upwind expansion has long been known to influence the axial momentum equation through the axial component of the pressure, although the extent of the influence has not been quantified. Starting with the impulse analysis of Limacher and Wood (2020), but making no further use of impulse techniques, we derive its exact expression when the rotor is a circumferentially uniform disc. This expression, which depends on the radial velocity and the axial induction factor, is added to the thrust equation containing the pressure on the back of the disc. Removing the pressure to obtain a practically useful equation shows the axial induction in the far wake is twice the value at the rotor only at high tip speed ratio and only if the relationship between vortex pitch and axial induction in non-expanding flow carries over to the expanding case. At high tip speed ratio, we assume that the expanding wake approaches the Joukowsky model of a hub vortex on the axis of rotation and tip vortices originating from each blade. The additional assumption that the helical tip vortices have constant pitch allows a semi-analytic treatment of their effect on the rotor flow. Expansion modifies the relation between the pitch and induced axial velocity so that the far-wake area and induction are significantly less than twice the values at the rotor. There is a moderate decrease – about 6 % – in the power production, and a similar size error occurs in the familiar axial momentum equation involving the axial velocity.
La reforma carolingia del clero secular y la renovación eclesial (siglos VIII-IX)
Authors: Calvo Gómez José Antonio
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo de investigación histórica trata de interpretar los proyectos de reforma del clero secular promovidos por los agentes del Renacimiento Carolingio durante los siglos VIII y IX. Pretende valorar algunas de las condiciones que se fueron vinculando a la vida y el ministerio de los clérigos en torno a la obra del arzobispo Crodegango de Metz (ca. 702-766) y su aplicación en tiempos del emperador Carlomagno (768-814) y su hijo Ludovico Pío (814-840). Junto a las precisiones sobre la celebración de los sacramentos y el ejercicio de la cura animarum, cabe estudiar la emisión de la promesa de obediencia como parte fundamental de la ordenación sacerdotal y todo cuanto afecta a la digna sustentación de los ministros, en particular el concepto del beneficio eclesiástico.
El ministerio sacerdotal en el Diálogo sobre el sacerdocio de San Juan Crisóstomo
Authors: Rivas Rebaque Fernando
Published: November 2021

El Diálogo sobre el sacerdocio de san Juan Crisóstomo es la obra que más ha influido en la comprensión del sacerdocio en la Antigüedad cristiana. En este artículo se estudiarán el contexto en el que está escrito, las funciones más relevantes que le atribuye el predicador antioqueno, así como las virtudes de que debe estar dotado y las dificultades para su ejercicio.
Le novità del concilio Vaticano II sul ministero ordinato
Authors: Vitali Dario
Published: November 2021

Il presente contributo studia le novità sul ministero ordinato emerse al concilio Vaticano II. Dal punto di vista della storia del dogma, il concilio ha costituito un passaggio importante. Attraverso un confronto con il decreto del concilio di Trento sul sacramento dell’Ordine, sono stati individuati i nuclei più rilevanti di novità: il sacerdozio di Cristo, ricompreso nella prospettiva del mistero pasquale (SC 7); il sacerdozio comune dei fedeli e la sua relazione con il sacerdozio ministeriale (LG 10); la dottrina sull’episcopato come sacramento (LG 21) e la conseguente ricomposizione del quadro degli ordini: episcopato, presbiterato, diaconato (LG 28-29); la dottrina dei tria munera come schema interpretativo per comprendere l’esercizio del ministero ordinato. L’esame dei testi conciliari permette di comprendere come il mutamento del modello ecclesiologico, voluto dal concilio, richieda di sviluppare un modello di ministero ordinato coerente con i principi che fondano l’ecclesiologia del Vaticano II.
Relato da situação dos modos de ensino em cursos de medicina no estado de Goiás durante a pandemia
Authors: De Almeida Monteiro Jardel , Costa Dias Monique , Ribeiro Athie Geovanna , Lisboa Mendes Julia , Teresinha Silva Juliete
Published: November 2021

Em março de 2020, após a confirmação dos primeiros casos de COVID-19 em Goiás, medidas foram adotadas para a conteção da disseminação dessa doença. Com isso, as aulas presenciais foram suspensas em todo o estado, o que afetou a dinâmica da educação médica nas diferentes escolas médicas do estado. Considerando a importância de compilar informações a respeito dos modos digitais e híbridos de ensino nos cursos de medicina goianos, foi realizada uma procura por informações disponíveis online pelas instituições de ensino superior, no mês de abril de 2021, sobre a situação de ensino durante a pandemia. Em geral, cursos de medicina pagos aderiram às ferramentas digitais em substituição às aulas presenciais primeiro que os cursos gratuitos das instituições públicas. Outro aspecto considerável é que o regime híbrido instituído pela maioria das instituições a partir do segundo semestre de 2020 restringiu-se às instituições pagas e à Universidade Federal de Goiás. Diante do contexto, diversos impactos sobre o ensino superior em medicina são de suma importância serem discutido. Entre as sugestões de como minimizar o impacto pedagógico, encontra´-se o diálogo aberto e horizontal com os alunos para que as demandas e eventuais problemas de aprendizagem sejam sanados em tempo hábil.
Educação à distância em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Pires Rodrigues de Almeida Lopes Fabiana , Costa Alencar Paula , Nogueira de Carvalho Amanda , Rodrigues da Silva Jhosley
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: evidenciar as estratégias tecnológicas empregadas no ensino remoto durante o período de pandemia da COVID-19 no país. Método: trata-se de uma análise através de revisão bibliográfica disponível na web, sendo usado como critério de inclusão, artigos publicados no recorte de cinco anos. Resultados: o estudo aponta a nova realidade no ensino decorrente da pandemia e elucida o ensino remoto como meio eficaz para troca de saberes entre aluno e professor permitindo o aprendizado de maneira ampliada e dinâmica com uma vasta variedade de ferramentas educacionais a qual se pode destacar o uso de quiz, vídeos, textos, chats, entre outras ferramentas que complementam o processo de aprendizagem, além de desenvolver a criticidade dos estudantes através da construção do seu próprio conhecimento, sendo um novo meio de ensino que difere do ensino à distância (EaD) já utilizado na contemporaneidade, por apresentar um modo síncrono de ministrar aulas, que permite interação de forma simultânea e remete a sala de aula de convencional. Todavia, apesar da flexibilidade proporcionada pelo ensino remoto, esse método exige do acadêmico maior disciplina, para gerenciamento de horários e um ambiente favorável para a construção do seu conhecimento. Conclusão: o acesso à internet permite que seja possível a disseminação de conhecimento de forma ágil, todavia é necessário um filtro de informações proporcionado pelos educadores, sendo esse ambiente aliado no processo de ensino-aprendizagem que pode perdurar após o cenário pandêmico por apresentar contribuições significativas na dinamização das aulas.
Palavras-chave: Educação à distância. Educação on-line. Pandemia.
O ensino de filosofia na educação das crianças: perfil político pedagógico
Authors: Silveira de Paula Beatriz , De Sousa Brito Edson , De Oliveira José Silvio
Published: November 2021

Compreender a natureza, isto é, o sentido da filosofia educativa para crianças como meio formativo, político e intelectual é a meta desse ensaio. O atual problema na ausência dos conteúdos filosóficos essenciais, sobretudo, no ensino público infantil brasileiro, sem dúvida, inibe e limita, o estímulo ao pensamento, aos questionamentos da própria formação da educação infantil. A metodologia aplicada possui caráter exploratório, qualitativo, bibliográfico. O artigo divide-se em três partes sistematizadas: a) a compreensão sobre a filosofia pedagógica e poder político estatal; b) a filosofia educativa, escola, vida infantil e, finalmente, c) o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente como marco legal constituinte fundamental ao exercício dos direitos infantis. As referências adotadas são: Coêlho (2001), Lipmann (2001), Lima (2018). A instabilidade democrática instaurada, reforça necessidade à luta coletiva política, em movimentos antirracistas, antifascistas, especialmente, ao feminismo, afim de reformas socioculturais a revolução. Manutenção da liberdade e, felicidade está/é sob controle governamental no espaço onde a tecnologia regula o poder da verdade; a arte da filosofia, em diversas formas de representação, simboliza sentimento da esperança, no espaço de ignorância. Romper com as questões contrárias à filosofia do aspecto infanto-juvenil no mundo pós-moderno é, tarefa universal impreterível na sociedade, cultura, educação, em instituições da educação infantil.
The effects of laws and regulations on the implementation of food safety practices through supply chain integration and dynamic supply chain capabilities
Authors: Nguyen Binh An
Published: November 2021

The objective of the article is to evaluate the role of laws and regulations on food safety in the implementation of food safety laws in Vietnam. Food safety regulations through business orientation, supply chain dynamic capabilities, and supply chain integration aim to ensure food safety and improve firm performance in Vietnam. Research data analysis is based on 389 food firms and the data are analyzed through Smart PLS 3.3.0 software. The results show the important role of food safety law in the implementation of food safety assurance of food enterprises. At the same time, supply chain dynamics and supply chain integration are also factors that have a statistically significant positive impact on the food safety performance of food enterprises in Vietnam.
Innovation and supply chain orientation concerns toward job creation law in micro, small, and medium enterprises export-oriented products
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang , Muslikh Muslikh , Suhaeri Suhaeri
Published: November 2021

The supply chain of MSME products in the context of export penetration is very important, but MSME actors have not been able to meet all export needs. This study aims to: 1) analyze the supply chain of MSMEs in the context of export penetration in the era of the covid-19 pandemic, and 2) examine the potential of MSMEs to develop in terms of corporate legality, industrial design, and brand registration, as well as the use of digital marketing. This research method was quantitative research with survey approach and normative empirical study. The population of this study was 134 MSMEs, samples from 63 MSMEs in Central Java (Brebes), West Java (Bogor), and the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Bantul). Quantitative data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach and analyzed with Smart PLS 3.3 software. The results of the study show: 1) the supply chain needs of MSMEs in penetrating the export market in the era of the covid-19 pandemic are very difficult; 2) MSMEs must be able to meet all export needs to create a balanced supply chain, 3) in order to prepare export-oriented MSMEs, they must first motivate and educate, establish policies that support their legality and export management.
Critical thinking and creativity of MSMEs in improving business performance during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Mujanah Siti , Ardiana I Dewa Ketut Raka , Nugroho Riyadi , Candraningrat Candraningrat , Fianto Achmad Yanu Alif , Arif Donny
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this descriptive-explanatory study is to examine the relationship between critical thinking and creativity and the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium-sized businesses (MSMEs) in Indonesia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, a questionnaire instrument was used, which was given online using Online Survey Forms, to collect information from a sample of 108 business managers who were selected at random to participate. Using the SmartPLS software, an analysis was performed once the data had been collected. The results indicate a substantial impact on the performance of MSMEs in Indonesia was found to be associated with critical thinking and innovation, according to the findings.