bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Purcell Compendium
Authors: Holman,White Peter,Bryan
Published: February 2025

Ground breaking and comprehensive reference volume covering an extensive range of Purcell studies, including his life and works, his milieu and the reception of his music to the present.

In the 30 years since the Tercentenary of Purcell's death in 1995 research into him and the musical culture of Restoration England has developed rapidly. Even the most authoritative books published then are now seriously out of date, and no-one since then has attempted to cover the whole range of Purcell studies. The book is largely taken up with A-Z dictionary entries, preceded by an up-to-date biography and followed by a work-list and bibliography. The dictionary includes entries for many of Purcell's works; the genres he contributed to; the titles and terms he used; the instruments he wrote for; the most important manuscript and printed sources of his music; and some pressing performance practice issues.

Important threads are devoted to people associated with Purcell, including earlier composers who influenced him; his fellow composers; his pupils and followers; those who provided him with texts to set; his patrons and employers; the most important copyists, publishers and instrument makers associated with him; and those contemporaries who wrote about him. The bookbreaks new ground by giving particular emphasis to his performers, including the most prominent singers and dancers he worked with; and the individuals and institutions responsible for maintaining (or sometimes altering) his legacy up to the present.
The Queenship of Mathilda of Flanders, c. 1031-1083
Authors: Gathagan Laura L
Published: February 2025

The first full-scale scholarly treatment of Mathilda of Flanders (d. 1083), duchess of Normandy and post-Conquest queen of England.

In Norman England, Mathilda's unique practice of queenship was robustly public. It was characterized by an unapologetic embrace of both new and traditional institutions: military lordship, royal justice, monastic foundation and ecclesiastical reform, documentary initiatives and cultural networks. Although she may appear only glancingly in the chronicle "story sources" of her day, she is everywhere else: governing in documents and charters, articulating her identity in architecture, expressing her authority through innovative custom-made liturgies, handing down juridical sentences and participating in the most fundamental theological issues of her day. However, unlike her husband William "the Conqueror", her impact and influence have not ensured her a place of centrality in modern memory. This book redresses that imbalance. Moving away from the traditional chronological approach to a woman's life, its thematic chapters use the metaphor of Mathilda's body to center her actions, creations and speech, showing how Mathilda embodied power in a world often construed as primarily masculine. It thus brings back into focus the policies she championed, the strategies she pursued and the shape of her authority.
Remains of the Past in Old English Literature
Authors: Hartmann Jan-Peer
Published: February 2025

Argues for a new understanding of Old English responses to materiality and historical change.

Human communities have interacted with the material remains of earlier periods for millennia. Such "archaeological objects" - including bones, coins, weapons, building materials and architectural landmarks - were physically handled, reused, transformed and reinterpreted; they were also depicted in literature. This bookexamines how Old English texts imagine such human encounters with the remnants of the past. It explores Elene's perspective on the discovery of the True Cross as a narrative of political, spiritual and epistemic translatio and the multiple ways in which The Wanderer and The Ruin use images of ruins and the poetic formula "work of giants'" to construct an unknown and unrecoverable past; it also considers the engagements with 'untimely objects' in Beowulf and the Anonymous Old English Legend of the Seven Sleepers and how the Ruthwell Cross Poem and The Dream of the Rood play off "figural'" against 'literal' history.

As this study demonstrates, Old English texts combined and creatively adapted a broad variety of ways of conceptualizing not merely history, but indeed the very processes by which historical thought operates. Its careful readings show that these texts not only display a deep and conflicted understanding of the philosophical implications of viewing history and temporality through the prism of material objects, but also exhibit a powerful capacity for expressing such an understanding through aesthetic strategies.
Managing Maritime Risk in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Dyble Jake
Published: February 2025

Draws on the rich surviving archives of the Tuscan port of Livorno to explore how General Average worked.

Commercial seafaring, both dangerous and with large amounts of capital at stake, was the source of the risk-management institutions that still undergird the global economy today. A key institution of early modern risk management was General Average, a procedure used to redistribute extraordinary costs arising from a maritime venture between all financially interested parties. For example, should one merchant's cargo be jettisoned to lighten a ship in a storm, the loss would be shared pro rata by the shipper and all the cargo-owners. A risk-sharing practice, different from the risk-shifting of marine insurance which became established relatively late, General Average is still in widespread use.

This book explores how General Average worked. It reveals the gap between General Average in law and how it worked on the ground. It shows how General Average partitioned a wide array of business costs, thereby performing a significant role in structuring maritime commerce, managing risk and promoting shipping and trade. In addition, the book discusses how far General Average was a feature of a supposedly ancient, universal, customary maritime law, and contributes to debates about the evolution of institutions in economic development.
Arthur Nikisch
Authors: Allen Roger
Published: February 2025

Considers Nikisch as a primary link between the later nineteenth century performance practice, and the twentieth-century 'fetishisation' of the superstar conductor as a commercially driven phenomenon.

The Hungarian-born conductor Arthur Nikisch (1855-1922) was among the first of the new breed of virtuoso conductors who came to prominence in the immediate aftermath of Wagner. As a youthful violinist in the Vienna Court Orchestra, he played under Wagner, Verdi and Brahms; in 1895 he reached the pinnacle of German musical life as Chief Conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus and Berlin Philharmonic Orchestras. His career was, however, by no means confined to Austro-German lands. He spent four seasons in the USA as Director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and travelled regularly to conduct in Imperial Russia. His visits to Britain had a significant impact on London's concert life through his associations with the newly opened Queen's Hall, the fledgling London Symphony Orchestra, Covent Garden Opera House and even as piano accompanist at the Bechstein (later Wigmore) Hall. He was also a fervent champion of the music of non-Austro German composers such as the Russian Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and the Englishman Edward Elgar.

This book considers Nikisch's role and influence as a leading musical executant within the declining Habsburg monarchy and the ascendant German Empire. It also examines how the newly established phenomenon of the virtuoso conductor reached across international boundaries at a time when hardening ideologies and shifting political allegiances were leading towards the disintegration of the old Europe in the carnage of the First World War. It considers Nikisch as a primary link between the later nineteenth century performance practice and aesthetics of Wagner and the twentieth century phenomenon of the all-powerful superstar conductor who came to surpass even the composer in importance.
Ecology and German Realism
Authors: Phillips Alexander Robert
Published: February 2025

Shows, contrary to the traditional view, that the major authors of German literary realism not only thematized environmental transformation but that it was central to their aesthetics.
In nineteenth-century Europe, and particularly in Germany, the industrial revolution led to air and water pollution, urban and industrial sprawl, and the physical reconstitution of natural landscapes. This book investigates the relationship between environmental degradation and German Realist aesthetics, challenging a longstanding argument in the scholarship that German Realism largely occluded urban and industrial realities by demonstrating that its major authors-Adalbert Stifter, Wilhelm Raabe, Theodor Storm, and Theodor Fontane-not only thematized environmental matters, but that environmental transformation became the very condition for their texts' reflections on the aesthetic representation of reality.

German Realist aesthetics in this sense are thus inseparable from environmental aesthetics. Environmental aesthetics, in turn, are inseparable from environmental politics, connected as they are to problems such as the loss of individual livelihoods, displacement of communities, and the legal and ethical standing of animals, plants and landscapes. By exploring how these problems appear in the fiction of the period, Alexander Phillips's book situates the literature in a longer genealogy of environmentalism and ecological aesthetics beyond Germany. That genealogy includes the early twentieth-century "Nature Fakers" debate in the United States, twentieth-century nature writing and contemporary ecocritical theory.
Pepe Romero
Authors: Clark,Romero Walter Aaron,Pepe
Published: February 2025

Presents the memories and insights of a great musician-a master of the guitar whose performances and exuberant, caring nature have brought joy to many around the world.Pepe Romero (b. 1944) has been one of the preeminent exponents of classical and flamenco guitar for over sixty years. He is renowned worldwide for his innumerable concerts and many recordings of a wide variety of repertoire, from solos to concertos and works for guitar duet and quartet. Indeed, Celedonio Romero (1913-96) and his three sons, Celin (b. 1936), Pepe, and Angel (b. 1946), formed the first significant guitar quartet in music history. In this memoir, Pepe conveys his views on a variety of topics pertaining to the guitar, including repertoire, technique, teaching, guitar makers, concertizing and the psychology of performance. He also offers fascinating recollections of his early years in Spain, his family life, and his collaborations and friendships with leading musicians, artists and writers. Though the focus is understandably on Pepe and his immediate circle, the reader also gains insights into the sociocultural context in which he grew up, during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco in the wake of a ruinous civil war. The Romeros moved to Southern California in 1957, a locale that proved very conducive to the success of a quartet of Spanish guitarists and one they still call home. This book will both entertain and inform a wide variety of readers and leave a lasting and reliable record of an extraordinary musician's exceptionally rich life.
Coastal Policing in Eighteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Ziegler Hannes
Published: February 2025

The first comprehensive study of Britain's coastal policing and administration across the long eighteenth century.

Throughout Britain's past its coast has presented security concerns. Despite this long history of raids, smugglers and warfare, consistent, designated and permanent coastal enforcement bodies were only established in England in the 1690s. Initially a reaction to the threats of the Nine Years' Wars, their creation spoke to a new understanding of "The Coast" as a politically distinct and liminal space - a region neither land nor sea - with its own issues and social dynamics that had to be controlled through new, more sophisticated, methods.

This study explores the circumstances that both necessitated a formalised policing of coastal areas and influenced the subsequent development of these enforcement bodies, showing how their missions and practices fluctuated in relation to key political events and economic policies across the century. In doing so, the book encompasses a long eighteenth century, starting with political developments in the run-up to the Glorious Revolution and ending with the overhaul of coastal bureaucracies in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars.

In conjunction with this larger historical sweep, through extensive archival research, the book reveals the failures in coastal policing, arguing that these shortcomings stemmed not from the cunning of smugglers or bureaucratic inefficiency but from inherent contradictions in Britain's imperial ambitions. In highlighting the complexities of this watery borderland, Hannes Ziegler sheds new light on the inner workings of Britain's fiscal-military enterprises and state-building challenges of its evolving imperial identity.
Comparative Analysis of Milk Production and Per Capita Availability in Gujarat and Maharashtra, India
Authors: Dave Kripali , Mahendra Gurjar
Published: February 2025

India is the world's largest milk producer, accounting for around 22% of global milk production, with significant contributions from cooperative dairy sectors. Among the leading milk-producing states are Gujarat and Maharashtra, which have witnessed distinct trajectories in milk production and per capita availability. This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of milk production and per capita milk availability between Gujarat and Maharashtra over the last two decades, shedding light on the factors driving these trends and the implications for the dairy sector.
Milk production in India has grown substantially, particularly due to the expansion of cooperative dairies like Amul in Gujarat. The dairy sector provides crucial entrepreneurial opportunities, contributing not only to the economy but also to nutritional security. The study reveals that Gujarat has consistently led in milk production, largely owing to its well-established cooperative model, particularly in districts like Banaskantha, Anand, and Mehsana. In contrast, Maharashtra, though initially lagging behind, has shown significant growth in recent years, closing the gap with Gujarat in milk production and per capita availability.
Between 2001-02 and 2022-23, Gujarat's milk production grew by approximately 194%, while Maharashtra's increased by 147%. Despite Gujarat’s higher overall production, Maharashtra has witnessed a faster growth rate in recent years, especially in the 2020s. The study also examines per capita milk availability, where Gujarat consistently outperformed Maharashtra, but the latter's growth rate has outpaced Gujarat's in recent years, particularly after 2020-21.
Key contributing factors to these trends include infrastructure investments, the expansion of private dairy companies, technological advancements in dairy farming, and government support. Moreover, urbanization, rising incomes, and growing demand for dairy products have driven increased milk availability in both states. Statistical analyses of growth trends show that Gujarat’s per capita availability of milk grew at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.02%, while Maharashtra’s CAGR was slightly higher at 4.32%.
This research underscores the significant strides made by both states in enhancing milk production and availability, highlighting the role of cooperative models in Gujarat and the recent acceleration of infrastructure development in Maharashtra. Continued investment in dairy infrastructure, sustainable practices, and rural market access will be crucial in meeting the future demand for milk and milk products in India.
Response of Cucurbit Fruit Fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae) Coquilette to Gel Formulations of Protein Bait
Authors: Jakkanagoudra Manikantha B , Kavitha Zadda , Shanthi M. , Subaharan K. , Vijayaraghavan C.
Published: February 2025

In the integrated pest management of fruit flies, trapping is the most practical and effective component. Currently, cucurbit fruit flies are being trapped by employing the male attractant, cuelure. Protein baits attract both male and female fruit flies and they may be explored for their management. The present study was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai, Tamil Nadu during 2022 in which, protein baits were compared with the cuelure for their attraction to fruit flies by using electroantennogram. In field conditions, effectiveness of protein bait is restricted due to water loss by evaporation thus making the bait dry. In view of this, studies were conducted to compare the preference of fruit flies to protein baits & cuelure and evaluated advanced gel formulations of protein bait in attracting fruit flies. In electroantennogram studies, female fruit fly response was found to be better to proteinex bait volatiles followed by soybean bait and cue lure volatiles. Responses of male fruit flies were uniform to proteinex bait and cue lure followed by soybean bait. Among the gel formulations of liquid proteinex bait, using olfactometer, attraction response of pectin and sodium alginate gel formulations was similar to the attraction of liquid protein bait. The response recorded in olfactometer were seen in decreasing pattern while using xanthan gum powder and carrageenan powder gel formulations attracxted more number of fruit flies. In gated cup trap choice test, pectin powder gel formulation attracted more number of fruit flies followed by liquid proteinex bait.
Prediction Liver Diseases based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques: A Review
Authors: Hassan Yosra Ali , Yasin Hajar Maseeh
Published: February 2025

Various critical issues in liver diseases include cirrhosis, hepatitis, and liver cancer, which can be fatal. They indeed require early diagnosis with appropriate diagnosis of the disease. The different conventional diagnostic methods generally can't identify these diseases during their early stages; consequently, prognosis is not always good. Recently, in subsequence to improve this gap, ML/DL has emerged as the tool for transformation. It gives an overview of different ML and DL models used for predicting liver diseases, including supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised learning, and reinforcement learning, and emphasizes the better performance that deep learning models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) networks are providing in handling complex medical data. These DL models perform significantly better in diagnostic accuracy when compared to the traditional ML methods, hence holding tremendous potential in their medical applications. Besides, hybrid and ensemble methods, which are combined models, are emphasized for their ability to overcome the limitations of individual algorithms and enhance diagnostic precision and robustness. This study further underlines the need to develop more advanced DL methodologies for the early detection and intervention in liver diseases, which is necessary to reduce the global burden and improve patient outcomes.
Characterization of Sprayer Rinsing Water in Rice Plots in the Yamoussoukro Region, Ivory Coast
Authors: Joseph KOFFI Attougbré , Moussa DIARRA , Narcisse ABOUA , Roland N’GUETTIA Kossonou , Sory TRAORE Karim , Brou Dibi
Published: February 2025

The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture poses significant risks to the environment and human health. Sprayer rinsate is often overlooked as a potential source of contamination of soil and water resources. The objective of this study is to evaluate the total pesticide load in rinse water samples. Sprayer rinsate samples were collected and analyzed to determine the concentrations of different pesticides. The targeted substances included glyphosate, atrazine, 2, 4-D, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, mancozeb, and tebuconazole, among others. Total pesticide burden was also measured to assess variation between samples. Data were interpreted based on agricultural practices and flushing techniques. The results show high concentrations of some pesticides, including glyphosate (20 mg/L), chlorpyrifos (2.4 mg/L), and mancozeb (12 mg/L). Total pesticide load varies significantly, ranging from 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L, reflecting differences in agricultural practices and flushing effectiveness. In addition, herbicides were the most predominant, followed by fungicides and insecticides. These results highlight the environmental and health risks associated with the presence of these substances in rinsing waters. Hence, it’s processing by photochemical.
Impact of Nutrient Management Technologies on Soil Physico-chemical Properties, Yield and Economics of Mustard under Irrigated Condition of Chandauli District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Y.V. , Goswami S. , Singh S.K. , Kumar A. , Bhartiya P.K. , Singh Kajal
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted in Jharigawan village, Naugarh block in Chandauli district during 2023–2024 to assess yield, soil, plant and fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) nutrient relationships and calibrate optimum fertilizer doses for attaining yield targets. The fertilizer adjustment equations are derived by the All India Coordinated Research Project, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi centre. Results revealed that targeted yield of mustard (20 q ha-1) have been achieved by using the plant nutrients on the basis of targeted yield concept (soil test crop response technology). The percent increase in yield was 33.10 % in first location, 34.54 % in second location and 31.27 % in third location over Farmers practice i.e. the fertilizer doses the farmers generally applied in the area which was 15.51, 15.20 and 15.35 q ha-1, respectively. The maximum net returns of mustard first location (Rs.54280.54), second location (Rs.54630.54) and third location (Rs.56030.50) were obtained in treatment where plant nutrients applied as per soil test value (STCR treatment). This technology also maintained the soil available plant nutrients. Thus, for obtaining maximum gain and sustain the soil fertility, application of plant nutrients as per soil test value (STCR technology) is essential. The fertilizer doses were validated for attaining yield targets of 20 q ha-1 in farmer’s fields. Mustard yield within 10% deviation was attained, which indicated that soil test based fertilizer dose was superior. This approach could be adopted for regions with similar soil and agro-climatic conditions in other parts of the world to increase Mustard yields.
Therapeutic Hypothermia in Low-Risk Nonpumped Brain-Dead Kidney Donors
Authors: Patel Madhukar S. , Salcedo-Betancourt Juan D. , Saunders Christina , Broglio Kristine , Malinoski Darren , Niemann Claus U.
Published: February 2024

Importance

Delayed graft function in kidney-transplant recipients is associated with increased financial cost and patient burden. In donors with high Kidney Donor Profile Index whose kidneys are not pumped, therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to confer a protective benefit against delayed graft function.

Objective

To determine whether hypothermia is superior to normothermia in preventing delayed graft function in low-risk nonpumped kidney donors after brain death.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In a multicenter randomized clinical trial, brain-dead kidney donors deemed to be low risk and not requiring machine perfusion per Organ Procurement Organization protocol were prospectively randomized to hypothermia (34.0-35 °C) or normothermia (36.5-37.5 °C) between August 10, 2017, and May 21, 2020, across 4 Organ Procurement Organizations in the US (Arizona, Upper Midwest, Pacific Northwest, and Texas). The final analysis report is dated June 15, 2022, based on the data set received from the United Network for Organ Sharing on June 2, 2021. A total of 509 donors (normothermia: n = 245 and hypothermia: n = 236; 1017 kidneys) met inclusion criteria over the study period.

Intervention

Donor hypothermia (34.0-35.0 °C) or normothermia (36.5-37.5 °C).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was delayed graft function in the kidney recipients, defined as the need for dialysis within the first week following kidney transplant. The primary analysis follows the intent-to-treat principle.

Results

A total of 934 kidneys were transplanted from 481 donors, of which 474 were randomized to the normothermia group and 460 to the hypothermia group. Donor characteristics were similar between the groups, with overall mean (SD) donor age 34.2 (11.1) years, and the mean donor creatinine level at enrollment of 1.03 (0.53) mg/dL. There was a predominance of Standard Criteria Donors (98% in each treatment arm) with similar low mean (SD) Kidney Donor Profile Index (normothermia: 28.99 [20.46] vs hypothermia: 28.32 [21.9]). Cold ischemia time was similar in the normothermia and hypothermia groups (15.99 [7.9] vs 15.45 [7.63] hours). Delayed graft function developed in 87 of the recipients (18%) in the normothermia group vs 79 (17%) in the hypothermia group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.64-1.33; P = .66).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that, in low-risk non-pumped kidneys from brain-dead kidney donors, therapeutic hypothermia compared with normothermia does not appear to prevent delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02525510
National Estimates of Short- and Longer-Term Hospital Readmissions After Major Surgery Among Community-Living Older Adults
Authors: Wang Yi , Leo-Summers Linda , Vander Wyk Brent , Davis-Plourde Kendra , Gill Thomas M. , Becher Robert D.
Published: February 2024

Importance

Nationally representative estimates of hospital readmissions within 30 and 180 days after major surgery, including both fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries, are lacking.

Objectives

To provide population-based estimates of hospital readmission within 30 and 180 days after major surgery in community-living older US residents and examine whether these estimates differ according to key demographic, surgical, and geriatric characteristics.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A prospective longitudinal cohort study of National Health and Aging Trends Study data (calendar years 2011-2018), linked to records from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Data analysis was conducted from April to August 2023. Participants included community-living US residents of the contiguous US aged 65 years or older who had at least 1 major surgery from 2011 to 2018. Data analysis was conducted from April 10 to August 28, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Major operations and hospital readmissions within 30 and 180 days were identified through data linkages with CMS files that included both fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries. Data on frailty and dementia were obtained from the annual National Health and Aging Trends Study assessments.

Results

A total of 1780 major operations (representing 9 556 171 survey-weighted operations nationally) were identified from 1477 community-living participants; mean (SD) age was 79.5 (7.0) years, with 56% being female. The weighted rates of hospital readmission were 11.6% (95% CI, 9.8%-13.6%) for 30 days and 27.6% (95% CI, 24.7%-30.7%) for 180 days. The highest readmission rates within 180 days were observed among participants aged 90 years or older (36.8%; 95% CI, 28.3%-46.3%), those undergoing vascular surgery (45.8%; 95% CI, 37.7%-54.1%), and persons with frailty (36.9%; 95% CI, 30.8%-43.5%) or probable dementia (39.0%; 95% CI, 30.7%-48.1%). In age- and sex-adjusted models with death as a competing risk, the hazard ratios for hospital readmission within 180 days were 2.29 (95% CI, 1.70-3.09) for frailty and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.15-2.18) for probable dementia.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this nationally representative cohort study of community-living older US residents, the likelihood of hospital readmissions within 180 days after major surgery was increased among older persons who were frail or had probable dementia, highlighting the potential value of these geriatric conditions in identifying those at increased risk.
Cognitive Function and Variability in Antipsychotic Drug–Naive Patients With First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Lee Maria , Cernvall Martin , Borg Jacqueline , Plavén-Sigray Pontus , Larsson Cornelia , Erhardt Sophie , Sellgren Carl M. , Fatouros-Bergman Helena , Cervenka Simon
Published: February 2024

Importance

Cognitive impairment contributes significantly to clinical outcome and level of function in individuals with psychotic disorders. These impairments are present already at psychosis onset at a group level; however, the question of heterogeneity in cognitive function among patients has not been systematically investigated.

Objective

To provide an updated quantification of cognitive impairment at psychosis onset before patients receive potentially confounding antipsychotic treatment, and to investigate variability in cognitive function compared with healthy controls.

Data Sources

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed articles were searched up to September 15, 2022.

Study Selection

Original studies reporting data on cognitive function in antipsychotic drug–naive patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were independently extracted by 2 researchers. Cognitive tasks were clustered according to 6 domains of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery and the domain of executive function. Random-effects model meta-analyses of mean differences and coefficient of variation ratios (CVRs) were performed, as well as meta-regressions, assessment of study quality, and publication bias.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome measure was Hedges g for mean differences in cognition and CVR for within-group variability.

Results

Fifty studies were included in the analysis with a total of 2625 individuals with FEP (mean [SD] age, 25.2 [3.6] years, 60% male; 40% female) and 2917 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 26.0 [4.6]; 55% male; 45% female). In all cognitive domains, the FEP group displayed significant impairment compared with controls (speed of processing: Hedges g = −1.16; 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.98; verbal learning: Hedges g = −1.08; 95% CI, −1.28 to −0.88; visual learning: Hedges g = −1.05; 95% CI, −1.27 to −0.82; working memory: Hedges g = −1.04; 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.73; attention: Hedges g = −1.03; 95% CI, −1.24 to −0.82; reasoning/problem solving: Hedges g = −0.90; 95% CI, −1.12 to −0.68; executive function: Hedges g = −0.88; 95% CI, −1.07 to −0.69). Individuals with FEP also exhibited a larger variability across all domains (CVR range, 1.34-1.92).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis identified cognitive impairment in FEP before the initiation of antipsychotic treatment, with large effect sizes. The high variability within the FEP group suggests the need to identify those individuals with more severe cognitive problems who risk worse outcomes and could benefit the most from cognitive remediation.
Nationwide Propensity-Matched Comparison of Surgical Site Infections in Safety Net Hospitals
Authors: Ngo Lisa , Quintero Luis , Parreco Joshua P.
Published: February 2024

This cohort study examines the rates and risks associated with surgical site infection during admission or readmission of socioeconomically marginalized patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.
PIKFYVE inhibitors trigger interleukin‐24‐dependent cell death of autophagy‐dependent melanoma
Authors: Roy Ajit , Chakraborty Arup R. , DePamphilis Melvin L.
Published: February 2024

Inhibitors specifically targeting the 1‐phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate 5‐kinase (PIKFYVE) disrupt lysosome homeostasis, thereby selectively terminating autophagy‐dependent human cancer cells in vivo as well as in vitro without harming the viability of nonmalignant cells. To elucidate the mechanism by which PIKFYVE inhibition induces cell death, autophagy‐dependent melanoma cells were compared with normal foreskin fibroblasts. RNA sequence profiling suggested that PIKFYVE inhibitors upregulated an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response involving interleukin‐24 (IL24; also known as MDA7) selectively in melanoma cells. Subsequent biochemical and genetic analyses confirmed these results and extended them to tumor xenografts in which tumor formation and expansion were inhibited. IL24 expression was upregulated by the DDIT3/CHOP/CEBPz transcription factor, a component of the PERK‐dependent ER‐stress response. Ectopic expression of IL24‐induced cell death in melanoma cells, but not in foreskin fibroblasts, whereas ablation of the IL24 gene in melanoma cells prevented death. IL24 upregulation was triggered specifically by PIKFYVE inhibition. Thus, unlike thapsigargin and tunicamycin, which induce ER‐stress indiscriminately, PIKFYVE inhibitors selectively terminated PIKFYVE‐sensitive melanoma by inducing IL24‐dependent ER‐stress. Moreover, induction of cell death by a PIKFYVE inhibitor together with ectopic expression of IL24 protein was cumulative, thereby confirming the therapeutic potential of PIKFYVE inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma.
Performance characteristics of the 5‐ring GE Discovery MI PET/CT scanner using AAPM TG‐126 report
Authors: AlMazrou Refaat Y. , Alanazi Shadei F. , Alzaid Mohammed H. , Al‐Fakhranee Razan S. , Ding Shanli , Mawlawi Osama R.
Published: February 2024

Aim

To report on the performance characteristics of the 5‐ring GE Discovery MI PET/CT systems using the AAPM TG‐126 report and compare these results to NEMA NU 2‐2012 where applicable.

Materials and Methods

TG‐126 testing was performed on two GE 5‐Rings Discovery MI scanners. Tests performed included spatial resolution, PET/CT image‐registration accuracy, sensitivity, count rate performance, accuracy of corrections, image contrast, scatter/attenuation correction, and image uniformity. All acquired data were analyzed using scanner console or free software tools as described by TG‐126 and the results were then compared to published NEMA NU 2‐2012 values.

Results

Both scanners gave similar resolution results for TG‐126 and NEMA NU 2‐2012 and were within manufacturer specifications. Image‐registration accuracy between PET and CT using our clinical protocol showed excellent results with values ≤1 mm. Sensitivity using TG‐126 was 19.43 cps/kBq while for NEMA the value was 20.73 cps/kBq. The peak noise‐equivalent counting rate was 2174 kcps at 63.1 kBq/mL and is not comparable to NEMA NU 2‐2012 due to differences in phantoms and methods used to measure and calculate this parameter. The accuracy of corrections for count losses for TG‐126 were expressed in SUV values and found to be within 10% of the expected SUV measurement of 1. Image contrast and scatter/attenuation correction using the TG‐126 method gave acceptable results. Image uniformity assessment resulted in values within the recommended ± 5% limits.

Conclusion

These results show that the 5‐ring GE Discovery MI PET/CT scanner testing using TG‐126 is reproducible and has similar results to NEMA NU 2‐2012 tests where applicable. We hope these results start to form the basis to compare PET/CT systems using TG‐126.
Sliding mode control for Markovian jump systems under a switched scheduling protocol
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Bei
Published: February 2024

This article is concerned with the sliding mode control for Markovian jump systems under transmission constraints. To deal with node congestions, a switched channel scheduling scheme integrating round‐robin (RR) protocol and weight try‐once‐discard (WTOD) protocol is proposed to orchestrate the priority of multiple sensor nodes. At each transmission instant, a system performance‐based detector is adopted to select one scheduling protocol between RR and WTOD in a certain event‐triggering manner, by which only one sensor node has the priority to access the network. Compared with conventional protocols, the proposed scheduling scheme establishes a dynamic coupling mechanism between channel resource and scheduling rules, aiming to strike a balance between improving system performance and reducing communication resource requirements. Then, a token‐dependent sliding mode controller is constructed, and a genetic algorithm‐based optimization problem is given to achieve smaller convergent domain. Finally, numerical examples are shown to verify the present control strategy.
Dynamic triggered‐based tracking approach for connected vehicle system via extended observer
Authors: Tan Zheyu , Li Meng , Chen Yong
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the tracking control problem of connected vehicle system suffer from disturbance and communication load. A new dynamic triggered‐based tracking approach was presented. First, an extended state observer is designed to estimate the equivalent disturbance, and the convergence of observed error is proved. Then, a tracking approach based on backstepping control is proposed. Furthermore, in order to reduce the consumption of network resources, a novel tracking method on dynamic event‐triggering strategy is developed, and all signals in connected vehicle system are ultimately uniformly bounded without Zeno behavior is verified. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is testified by simulation results.
Mechanical Behavior and Shape‐Memory Effects of NixTi1−x Alloys with Tunable Mixing of Ni/Ti Powders by Laser‐Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Lu Jiaqi , Qiu Pengcheng , Liu Yang , Zhang Chi , Chen Fei
Published: February 2024

As it is known, controlling NiTi alloy's microstructure is an urgent problem in additive manufacturing, which directly affects the mechanical properties of the alloy. In laser‐directed energy deposition (LDED) technology, the simultaneous powder feeding equipment with double powder barrels can effectively control the material ratio and realize the generation of NixTi1−x alloys with different atomic ratios. First, the performance differences of NiTi alloy under different thermal treatments are explored. Based on this, the optimal thermal treatment process is used to adjust the microstructure of NiTi alloy fabricated by LDED by changing the Ni/Ti atomic ratio to improve mechanical properties. The results indicate that Ni4Ti3 precipitates can induce the R phase, change the phase transition, and improve the mechanical properties in Ni‐rich NiTi alloys. Besides, the mechanical properties of NixTi1−x alloy can be enhanced by adjusting the Ni/Ti atomic ratio to change the content of Ni4Ti3 precipitates. Ni52Ti48 alloy has a tensile strength of 771 MPa, an elongation of 11.6%, and a recovery rate of 95.2%.
The Impact of Molecular Packing on Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Corresponding Stimulus Response Effect
Authors: Ren Jia , Gao Mingxue , Liu Zhenjiang , Yang Yujie , Wu Ruimin , Liang Jiayi , Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Li Zhen
Published: February 2024

Organic luminescent materials exhibiting persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have garnered considerable interest due to their versatile applications. However, the mechanism is still unclear, especially for the molecular structure‐molecular arrangement‐property relationship. Herein, six derivatives of phenothiazine 5,5‐dioxide are synthesized, revealing their distinct RTP properties and the associated underlying mechanisms. Careful analyses of their single crystal structures, combined with initial theoretical calculations, indicate that the persistent RTP effect is facilitated by effective intermolecular π–π interactions in the solid state led by folded conformation. Specifically, PTZO‐CF3‐3F exhibits distinctive photo‐activated phosphorescence both in crystal and grinding state in response to the changes of molecular arrangement. Besides, a porous structure is found to be present in PTZO‐CF3‐2F crystal, offering it great sensitivity to oxygen for both RTP intensity and lifetime. Accordingly, the visual oxygen warning device is fabricated successfully. Furthermore, PTZO‐CF3‐3F with photo‐activated RTP effect in a grinding state is successfully utilized in the applications of anti‐counterfeiting and optical logic gates, expanding the scope of stimulus‐responsive phosphorescence materials for broader applications.
Enabling Low Nonradiative Recombination Losses in Organic Solar Cells by Efficient Exciton Dissociation
Authors: Cui Xinyue , Ran Guangliu , Lu Hao , Liu Yuqiang , Jiang Huanxiang , Zhang Huarui , Li Dawei , Liu Yahui , Lin Yi , Ma Zaifei , Zhang Wenkai , Cheng Pei , Bo Zhishan
Published: February 2024

The achievement of high performance in organic solar cells (OSCs) is highly dependent on efficient exciton dissociation. However, a comprehensive understanding of the exciton dissociation process under photoexcitation in OSCs remains elusive. Herein, a prototypical system of PM6:Y6 is adopted to explore the exciton dissociation process. An organic semiconductor PCz with distinctive photoexcitation signals from PM6 and Y6 is incorporated as the third component. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates clear cascade charge transfer processes in ternary PM6:PCz:Y6 system. These cascade channels contribute to enhancing the efficiency of exciton dissociation. Consequently, the nonradiative recombination energy loss is reduced, resulting in an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. Furthermore, the reduction of energy loss is verified in different OSCs. When PCz is introduced into the D18:L8‐BO system, a low nonradiative recombination energy loss of 0.175 eV is demonstrated, contributing a PCE of over 19%. This work highlights that the insight of efficient exciton dissociation enables low nonradiative recombination losses for efficient OSCs.
Unlocking Prussian Blue Analogues Inert‐Site to Achieve High‐Capacity Ammonium Storage
Authors: Shen Yuanhao , Zou Juan , Lan Haihui , Ding Yiran , Liang Zijia , Yang Zhongzhuo , Zeng Ziyue , Long Juncai , Zhao Yuanxin , Fu Lei , Zeng Mengqi
Published: February 2024

Aqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AIBs) are considered a promising alternative for large‐scale energy storage due to their cost‐effectiveness and high safety. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are widely regarded as potential cathode materials for AIBs because of their high working potential and stable 3D framework. However, the low capacity of PBAs (≈60 mAh g−1 in the existing reported works) hinders their further development. Herein, the ion insertion is first proposed to double the capacity of PBAs by unlocking the inert‐site. Using NH4+‐rich copper hexacyanoferrate as a representative, trace amounts of induced ion in the electrolyte can change the electronic states of atoms at the inert site to achieve much higher capacity. What's more, the construction of NH4+‐rich high‐entropy Prussian blue (N‐HEPBA) further facilitates structural stability. N‐HEPBA unlocked by corresponding induced ions can exhibit an impressive specific capacity (129 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), which is the highest and approximately twice that of reported PBAs for aqueous AIBs. Meanwhile, it delivers excellent cycling stability with nearly 100% capacity retention achieved over 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1. This innovative unlocking method can provide an effective way to obtain high‐capacity PBAs in AIBs, thus promoting the development of large‐scale energy storage.
Graphoepitaxially Side‐By‐Side Nanofins Along Atomic Terraces for Enhancement‐Mode FinFETs with 108 On/Off Ratio
Authors: Xu Jinyou
Published: February 2024

The innovation of 3D FinFETs using top‐down silicon nanofins represents a significant advancement toward scaling down microchip process nodes to the cutting‐edge 3‐nm level. While bottom‐up semiconductor nanofins also hold promise as building blocks for FinFETs, their controlled growth remains challenging. Drawing inspiration from the guided roots along brick gaps, this study shows that the aligned atomic terraces on an annealed miscut LaAlO3 surface can trigger an exceptional graphoepitaxial effect, encouraging the bottom‐up vapor‐phase growth of self‐aligned nanostructures such as CdS, CdSe, ZnSe, and ZnTe. Subsequently, the resultant CdS nanofins, characterized by narrow widths of ≈20 nm and large height‐to‐width ratios exceeding 16, can be seamlessly assembled into arrayed FinFETs on the insulating LaAlO3 substrate, obviating the need for post‐growth alignment steps. Unlike most nanostructure‐based planar transistors, which often operate in depletion mode characterized by negative thresholds, these FinFETs operate in enhancement mode with positive thresholds (≈5 V), ≈10−14‐A standby currents, and ≈108 on/off current ratios. The achieved ratio surpasses the record for planar enhancement‐mode CdS transistors by 4 orders of magnitude, primarily due to the enhanced electrostatic control over the nanofins. Overall, the graphoepitaxially side‐by‐side nanofins show tremendous potential to expand the repertoire of FinFETs based on non‐silicon semiconductors.
Phase Engineered CuxS–Ag2S with Photothermoelectric Activity for Enhanced Multienzyme Activity and Dynamic Therapy
Authors: Zang Pengyu , Yu Chenghao , Zhang Rui , Yang Dan , Gai Shili , Liu Bin , Shen Ruifang , Yang Piaoping , Lin Jun
Published: February 2024

The insufficient exposure sites and active site competition of multienzyme are the two main factors to hinder its therapeutic effect. Here, a phase‐junction nanomaterial (amorphous‐crystalline CuxS–Ag2S) is designed and prepared through a simple room temperature ion‐exchange process. A small amount of Ag+ is added into Cu7S4 nanocrystals, which transforms Cu7S4 into amorphous phased CuxS and produces crystalline Ag2S simultaneously. In this structure, the overhanging bonds on the amorphous CuxS surface provide abundant active sites for optimizing the therapeutic activity. Meanwhile, the amorphous state enhances the photothermal effect through non‐radiative relaxation, and due to its low thermal resistance, phase‐junction CuxS–Ag2S forms a significant temperature gradient to unlock the optimized thermo‐electrodynamic therapy. Furthermore, benefiting from the high asymmetry of the amorphous state, the material forms a spin‐polarized state that can effectively inhibit electron–hole recombination. In this way, the thermoelectric effect can facilitate the enzyme‐catalyzed cycle by providing electrons and holes, enabling an enhanced coupling of thermoelectric therapy with multienzyme activity, which induces excellent anti‐tumor performance. More importantly, the catalytic process simulated by density‐functional theory proves that Ag+ alleviates the burden on the Cu sites through favorable adsorption of O2 and prevents active site competition.