bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New ruthenium(ii) catalysts enable the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using primary alcohols via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling
Authors: Tamilthendral Veerappan , Ramesh Rengan , Malecki Jan Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

Direct access to a diverse range of 2-amino-4H-chromenes was established in excellent yields through a one-pot multicomponent ADC reaction of benzyl alcohols catalysed by p-cymene Ru(ii) complexes under additive/promotor-free conditions.
An amphiphilic water-soluble biphen[3]arene with a tunable lower critical solution temperature behavior
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Yang Wenzhi , Chen Jingyu , Wang Yuhao , Yan Miaomiao , Zhou Jiong
Published: October 2022

The first amphiphilic water-soluble thermoresponsive biphen[3]arene with a tunable lower critical solution temperature behavior is reported.
Mononuclear copper(ii) Schiff base complexes as effective models for phenoxazinone synthase
Authors: Thennarasu Abinaya Sushana , Mohammed Thasnim P , Sankaralingam Muniyandi
Published: October 2022

Copper(ii) complexes of tridentate (N2O) Schiff base ligands as efficient catalysts for 2-aminophenol oxidation to 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one with excellent reaction rates.
The stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-fused pyrrolidine containing bicyclic azepine and oxepine derivatives using aza-Cope rearrangement-Mannich cyclization as a key step
Authors: Lukyanenko Evgeny R. , Belov Grigory M. , Novoselov Anton M. , Nechaev Mikhail S. , Kurkin Alexander V.
Published: October 2022

The development of novel methods and strategies for the formation of fused five-, six-, and seven-membered ring structures is of utmost importance in organic syntheses.
Ultrathin Bi2Se3/CdS composite for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolutionviahigh interfacial charge separation and photothermal effect
Authors: Li Ning , Fan Haikuan , Su Junhui , Gao Yangqin , Ge Lei
Published: October 2022

Ultrathin Bi2Se3nanosheets/CdS nanoparticles were prepared, which display excellent photocatalytic H2activity, ascribed to the synergistic mechanism of the unusual transfer process of high-energy electrons and the photothermal effect.
Emerging laser-assisted vacuum processes for ultra-precision, high-yield manufacturing
Authors: Hwang Eunseung , Choi Joonmyung , Hong Sukjoon
Published: October 2022

This minireview summarizes the latest developments in laser-assisted vacuum processes (LAVPs) and examines their prospective application in next-generation manufacturing processing equipment.
Ligand-modified synthesis of shape-controllable and highly luminescent CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals under ambient conditions
Authors: Hu Xiaobo , Xu Yanqiao , Wang Jiancheng , Ma Jiaxin , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan
Published: October 2022

The intrinsic insights of ligand-modified shape-transformation of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals between nanocubes and nanorods are revealed systematically, which can accelerate their practical applications in the optoelectronic field.
Antimony-doped enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield in zero-dimensional lead-free metal halide Rb2CsBiCl6 crystals
Authors: Jia Zhen , Gong Pifu , Zhao Jing , Chen Mingxing , Wang Yonggang , Wang Zhigang , Dong Yan , Xia Mingjun
Published: October 2022

A lead-free, high stability, all-inorganic Rb2CsBiCl6 single crystal with 0D structure was successfully grown. The introduction of Sb3+ can effectively narrow the band gap, resulting in a strong broad yellow emission with a high PLQY of 45.
Synthesis and characterization of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives: study of their antibacterial activity and CT-DNA binding
Authors: Sayiner Hakan S. , Yilmazer Mehmet I. , Abdelsalam Aisha. T. , Ganim Mohamed A. , Baloglu Cengiz , Altunoglu Yasemin Celik , Gür Mahmut , Saracoglu Murat , Attia Mohamed S. , Mahmoud Safwat A. , Mohamed Ekram H. , Boukherroub Rabah , Al-Shaalan Nora Hamad , Alharthi Sarah , Kandemirli Fatma , Amin Mohammed A.
Published: October 2022

1,3,4-Thiadiazole molecules showed an inhibitory effect for theStaphylococcus epidermidisprotein.
Influencing the froth flotation of LiAlO2 and melilite solid solution with ionic liquids
Authors: Qiu Hao , Degenhardt Christin , Feuge Niklas , Goldmann Daniel , Wilhelm René
Published: October 2022

The hardness of anions in ionic liquids used in a froth flotation have a significant influence on the process.
Synthesis and application of novel N, Si-carbon dots for the ratiometric fluorescent monitoring of the antibiotic balofloxacin in tablets and serum
Authors: Zeng Jia-Yu , Liang Yu-Qi , Wu Yan-Ni , Wu Xiao-Yi , Lai Jia-Ping , Sun Hui
Published: October 2022

A ratiometric fluorescent probe with blue-emission fluorescence based on N, Si-doped carbon dots (N, Si-CDs) for the detection of balofloxacin (BLFX) was synthesized by a simple method.
Probing the separation mechanism of solid–liquid components in oily sludge and sludge containing polymers for a harmless treatment process of sludge
Authors: Song Yang , Liang Hongbao , Ma Jun , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Zihao , You Jianmeng , Wang Shuzhan
Published: October 2022

In this study, the compositions of oily sludge and sludge containing polymers were analyzed.
Nanofluidic proton channels based on a 2D layered glass membrane with improved aqueous and acid stability
Authors: Luo Kuiguang , Huang Tao , Li Qi , Lao Junchao , Gao Jun , Tang Yi
Published: October 2022

We use amorphous silica-based nanosheets obtained by vermiculite to assemble a layered glass membrane with a 2D nanofluidic channel network in the interlayer space.
Nickel sulfide and phosphide electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction: challenges and future perspectives
Authors: Shahroudi Ali , Esfandiari Mahsa , Habibzadeh Sajjad
Published: October 2022

A comprehensive overview of nickel sulfide and phosphide electrocatalysts in the HER.
Polycationic doping of the LATP ceramic electrolyte for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Mashekova Aiym , Baltash Yelnury , Yegamkulov Mukagali , Trussov Ivan , Bakenov Zhumabay , Mukanova Aliya
Published: October 2022

The tetravalent cations with similar sizes (Zr4+, Hf4+) supress the Ti4+ reduction while the bulky divalent cations (Ca2+, Sr2+) promote it even at relatively low concentrations.
Polarisation-driven magneto-optical and nonlinear-optical behaviour of a room-temperature ferroelectric nematic phase
Authors: Zavvou Evangelia , Klasen-Memmer Melanie , Manabe Atsutaka , Bremer Matthias , Eremin Alexey
Published: October 2022

In ferroelectric nematics, strong splay rigidity can be attributed to the electrostatic self-interaction of polarisation, avoiding the polarisation splay.
The peculiarities of charge distribution and spatiotemporal changes in electronic and atomic structure of bone tissue
Authors: Brykalova Xenia , Kornilov Nikolai , Pavlychev Andrey
Published: October 2022

X-ray diffraction and inner-shell photoemission studies of rat cortical bone were performed.
A hierarchically encapsulated phase-change film with multi-stage heat management properties and conformable self-interfacing contacts for enhanced interface heat dissipation
Authors: Lu Qing , Wang Xiang , Zhao Hong-wei , Wang Xun-rui , Zhao Jia-qing , Kong Hao-ran , Wang Tao , Liang Chao , Li Jin-hong , Xu Wayne Qiang
Published: October 2022

A novel hierarchically encapsulated phase change thermal interface material (PhC-TIM) is reported that can guarantee efficient temperature control of electronic devices.
Twin boundary CdxZn1−xS: a new anode for high reversibility and stability lithium/sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kong Zhen , Huang Meiling , Zhang Kang , Liang Zhenyan , Tu Huayao , Shao Yongliang , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: October 2022

CdxZn1−xS-B with a twin boundary structure are investigated as anode materials for LIBs/SIBs, and high-rate long-term cycling stability is delivered.
NaK alloy: underrated liquid metal
Authors: Leonchuk Sergei S. , Falchevskaya Aleksandra S. , Nikolaev Vitaly , Vinogradov Vladimir V.
Published: October 2022

Liquid metals are poised to become vital for numerous challenges in materials science. However, the sodium–potassium liquid alloy (NaK) is severely underutilized. Meanwhile, it has exceptional physical and chemical properties and deserves more attention.
When 2D nanomaterials meet biomolecules: design strategies and hybrid nanostructures for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Jin Yuchen , Zhou Jie , Zhao Xin , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Su Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

2D nanomaterials show great potential in bone tissue engineering due to their unique physical and chemical surface properties.
PD-1 engineered cytomembrane cloaked molybdenum nitride for synergistic photothermal and enhanced immunotherapy of breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Lian , Liu Jia-Lin , Yang Jiang-Tao , Wu Ding-Wei , Xu Na , Huo Kai-Fu , Wang Hai-Bo
Published: October 2022

The established nanocarrier consisted of an immune unit derived from the PD-1 coating and photothermal function provided by MoN. The synergistic effect between the PD-1 coating and MoN core efficiently represses tumor growth and lung metastasis.
Steady and transient optical properties of CsPbBr3/Pb3(PO4)2 perovskite quantum dots for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Xu Jian , Jia Ruijun , Song Lei , Lu Junfeng , Dai Jun
Published: October 2022

Compared with CsPbBr3 QDs, CsPbBr3/Pb3(PO4)2 QDs with a high PLQY of 75.7% show enhanced excitonic optical properties and improved stability. A high-quality WLED device was realized by integrating the green and red CsPbX3/Pb3(PO4)2 QDs.
Centimeter-size single crystal of a lead-free double perovskite for broad-spectrum polarization-sensitive detection
Authors: Li Zhou , Chen Qin , Wang Ziyang , Fan Yipeng , Zhu Tingting , Ji Chengmin , Kuang Xiaojun , Luo Junhua
Published: October 2022

By designing the crystal synthesis, a “green” large-size single-crystal hybrid double perovskite (IPA)4AgBiI8 was grown for the first time. It enables broad-spectrum polarization-sensitive responses.
Carbon nanotube-enhanced nanocomposite organohydrogel based on a physically cross-linked double network for sensitive wearable sensors
Authors: Huang Yexiong , Yu Jiabing , Shu Ku , Chen Xianping
Published: October 2022

Conductive hydrogels have attracted tremendous research interest in wearable sensing electronics.
Improved malicious node detection method for detecting a bait in an extensive network for getting the maximum throughput
Authors: Goel Shalini , Basha Shaik Mahaboob , Carvalho dos Reis Marcello , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo C. , Lathar Pankaj , Alkhayyat Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Mobile Ad‐hoc Network (MANET) is an ad hoc Wireless subset with a unique dynamic geometry of the system and movable nodes. The MANETs are auto‐organized networks that permit mobility without infrastructure. Specific protocols for MANET routing are provided with these attributes. The benefits such as infinite stability and the essential organizational characteristics of MANET are advantageous in circumstances where crisis and military use arise. In the light of malicious nodes, this necessity can lead to real safety threats and interfere in routing. In this specific case, it is a challenge to avoid or identify malicious nodes that initiate grey hole attacks or collective blackhole attacks. This paper addresses and analyzes the risks and security policies of MANET. This method is mainly directed at the Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR). MANET's malicious nodes have been used with schematics such as Control, Two Acknowledgement IDS (TWOACK), Adaptive Acknowledgement IDS(AACK), and Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement IDS (EAACK). This research aims to identify trends, difficulties, and possible recommendations for use with MANET using the malicious node detection tool. To fix efficiency, monitoring, and overhead analysis limitations and resolve existing security problems related to MANET. The goal is to offer an Improved Cooperative Malicious Node Detection System (ICMNDS) to detect malicious nodes, which keeps overhead minimum.
A scene flow estimation method based on fusion segmentation and redistribution for autonomous driving
Authors: Hu Fuzhi , Zhang Zili , Hu Xing , Chen Tingting , Guo Hai , Quan Yue , Zhang Pingjuan
Published: October 2022

A novel approach is presented here to solve the problem of motion occlusion and motion edge blurring in the existing scene flow estimation. First instance segmentation and superpixels are combined to segment the target and other regions in fusion segmentation. The pixels in each block are then redistributed by the optical flow to ensure the motion of pixels in the subblocks is consistent. Moreover, the 3D motion of subblocks with sufficient pixels is estimated by the energy function, and the others are considered outliers. Finally, the Driving and the KITTI benchmarks are used to evaluate the proposed method. The results demonstrated that the fusion of segmentation and redistribution is positive for the estimation, and this method outperforms the other state‐of‐the‐art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Makeup transfer: A review
Authors: He Feng , Bai Kai , Zong Yixin , Zhou Yuan , Jing Yimai , Wu Guoqiang , Wang Chen
Published: October 2022

Makeup transfer (MT) aims to transfer the makeup style from a given reference makeup face image to a source image while preserving face identity and background information. In recent years, MT has attracted the attention of many scholars, and it has a wide range of application prospects and research value. Since then, many methods have been proposed to accomplish MT, most of which are based on Generative Adversarial Network methods. A taxonomy of existing algorithms in the field of MT is first proposed. Then, evaluation methods are proposed, existing methods are analysed, and existing datasets are introduced. This paper finally discusses the current problems in the field of MT and the trend of future research.
Transformation of a three‐phase double‐circuit overhead transmission line into a six‐phase feeder to increase power transfer capability
Authors: Shen Shuhang , Cao Bin , Crossley Peter , Wang Zhongdong , Ding Xiaolin
Published: October 2022

The UK net‐zero target requires the integration of significant renewable energy resources into the electrical grid. This, together with the projected growth in electricity demand imposes practical challenges on the power transfer capability of existing transmission feeders. For environmental and planning reasons, construction of new overhead lines is problematic, and where possible upgrading of existing substations and lines is preferred. This paper investigates the feasibility of transforming an existing three‐phase (3Φ) double‐circuit 400 kV line into a six‐phase (6Φ) feeder for a simulated future GB scenario. Results indicate a 6Φ feeder, operating at a ‘phase‐adjacent phase’ voltage of 400 kV can effectively solve the constraints of boundaries in transmission networks. When considering the various operating contingencies, associated with an important UK network boundary and its expected near‐future winter‐peak power transfer requirements, the thermal overload issues are mitigated by transforming a feeder from 3Φ to 6Φ. The paper demonstrates upgrading to 6Φ technology is a potential solution to certain future boundary constraints and in these cases avoids the need to build new underground or overhead AC/DC lines.
Bidirectional field–circuit coupling analysis of converter transformer inter‐tap short‐circuit faults in on‐load tap changers
Authors: Yan Chenguang , Zhang Peng , Xu Ya , Liu Sumei , An Tengyu
Published: October 2022

Converter transformer inter‐tap short‐circuit faults in on‐load tap changers have occurred successively in recent years, resulting in severe accidents and enormous losses. Due to the lack of an effective model and credible arc‐in‐oil conductance parameters, related fault analysis has remained a challenge. This paper develops a bidirectional field–circuit coupling method for modelling inter‐tap faults, in which the electromagnetic field and electric circuit are directly coupled and simultaneously solved. After verification based on on‐site arcing tests, the Schavemaker model is applied to calculate the non‐linear arc conductance. Taking a ±800 kV UHVDC system as a study case, inter‐tap faults in a 415 MVA/500 kV converter transformer are simulated and analysed. Under an inter‐tap fault, the flux distribution is significantly distorted, with large radial leakage fluxes near the shorted turns, and the circulating current can reach tens or even hundreds of kiloamperes. Further calculation results for faults between various taps indicate that leakage flux distortion and the change in the transformation ratio are the main factors influencing the short‐circuit current. These representative findings effectively reveal the variation characteristics of the leakage flux and the short‐circuit current as well as the non‐linear relationship between fault severity and tap position under inter‐tap faults.
Image super‐resolution based on self‐similarity generative adversarial networks
Authors: Wang Shuang , Sun Zhengxing , Li Qian
Published: October 2022

Self‐attention has been successfully leveraged for long‐range feature‐wise similarities in deep learning super‐resolution (SR) methods. However, most of the SR methods only explore the features on the original scale, but do not take full advantage of self‐similarities features on different scales especially in generative adversarial networks (GAN). In this paper, self‐similarity generative adversarial networks (SSGAN) are proposed as the SR framework. The framework establishes the multi‐scale feature correlation by adding two modules to the generative network: downscale attention block (DAB) and upscale attention block (UAB). Specifically, DAB is designed to restore the repetitive details from the corresponding downsampled image, which achieves multi‐scale feature restoration through self‐similarity. And UAB improves the baseline up‐sampling operations and captures low‐resolution to high‐resolution feature mapping, which enhances the cross‐scale repetitive features to reconstruct the high‐resolution image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SSGAN achieve better visual performance especially in the similar pattern details.
Learning the model update with local trusted templates for visual tracking
Authors: An Zhiyong , Chen Geng , Zhang Ximin , Wang Zhuhai , Xie Qingsong , Zhang Bin
Published: October 2022

Existing Siamese trackers usually do not update templates or adopt single‐updating strategies. However, historical information cannot be effectively utilized when using these strategies, and model drift from complex tracking challenges cannot be addressed. To address this issue, a novel tracking framework that learns the model update with local trusted templates is proposed in this paper. The authors propose a complementary confidence evaluation method to select local trusted templates in a sliding window. This provides high‐confidence historical information. The authors also propose a method including linear learning and deep learning to learn to model updates. Different from traditional update strategies, the authors’ method combines non‐linear and linear updates to obtain reliable templates with the most abundant historical information, which solves the complex tracking challenges to a certain extent. Finally, the adaptive fusion response maps of the two strategies determine the final tracking based on the confidence evaluation. Experimental results on NFS, UAVDT, UAV123, UAV20L and VOT2016 show that our method performs favourably when compared with current state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Ice accretion thickness prediction using flash infrared thermal imaging and BP neural networks
Authors: Hao Lu , Li Qingying , Pan Weichen , Yao Rao , Liu Senyun
Published: October 2022

The present study investigated ice accretion thickness under non‐incoming flow icing conditions on the ground using an infrared thermography system that converts infrared radiation temperature. Two back propagation (BP) neural network models were developed to measure ice thickness. Both theoretical model and polynomials were employed to fit the icing surface temperature elevation sequence to extract the pixel‐level temperature attenuation characteristics, which were served as the input to the BP neural networks. The prediction method of ice thickness by the BP neural network was analysed from three perspectives of sensitivity, dimension, and precision. In addition, K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) and support vector regression (SVR) algorithms were compared with BP neural network. In terms of prediction effect, the BP neural network performed the best. The verification of the BP neural network based on the characteristics of the theoretical model proved that the method can effectively predict the thickness of ice accretion, and its prediction error does not exceed 10%.
Deep representation of imbalanced spatio‐temporal traffic flow data for traffic accident detection
Authors: Mehrannia Pouya , Bagi Shayan Shirahmad Gale , Moshiri Behzad , Al‐Basir Otman Adam
Published: October 2022

Automatic detection of traffic accidents has a crucial effect on improving transportation, public safety, and path planning. Many lives can be saved by the consequent decrease in the time between when the accidents occur and when rescue teams are dispatched, and much travelling time can be saved by notifying drivers to select alternative routes. This problem is challenging mainly because of the rareness of accidents and spatial heterogeneity of the environment. This paper studies deep representation of loop detector data using long‐short term memory (LSTM) network for automatic detection of freeway accidents. The LSTM‐based framework increases class separability in the encoded feature space while reducing the dimension of data. The experiments on real accident and loop detector data collected from the Twin Cities Metro freeways of Minnesota demonstrate that deep representation of traffic flow data using LSTM network has the potential to detect freeway accidents in less than 18 min with a true positive rate of 0.71 and a false positive rate of 0.25 which outperforms other competing methods in the same arrangement.
Influence of dedicated lanes for connected and automated vehicles on highway traffic flow
Authors: Kim Jongho , Lim Donghyun , Seo Younghoon , So Jaehyun (Jason) , Kim Hyungjoo
Published: October 2022

The introduction of Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) promises various social and economic benefits, but safety issues are encountered when CAVs are mixed with human‐driven vehicles (HDVs). This study presents three scenarios as lane operation alternatives for situations in which CAVs and HDVs are mixed. The proposed lane operation scenarios for CAVs are the operation of dedicated lanes (DLs) for CAVs, operation of a DL for CAVs and buses, and the operation of DLs for buses. For each scenario, the effects of the market penetration rate (MPR) on traffic efficiency and safety were evaluated. The following findings were obtained from the results: CAVs had a potential effect on each lane according to the lane operation scenario; traffic efficiency and safety improved in a traffic flow situation where CAVs and HDVs were mixed; traffic efficiency and safety were higher when operating DLs for CAVs than when operating a mixed traffic flow; and efficiency and safety were optimal when operating Scenario 2 (DL for CAVs and Buses) in the early stages of introducing CAV (MPR 10–30%) and operating Scenario 1 (DL for CAVs) in the mid‐ to long‐term stages (MPR 40–80%). These findings provide a basis for preparing new policy alternatives to the current policy of adopting DLs for buses. Furthermore, the evaluation of the effects of each DL operation in the transition period where CAVs and HDVs are mixed will contribute to the operation of an efficient and safe CAV‐based road traffic system.
Coordinated multi‐stage expansion planning of transmission system and integrated electrical, heating, and cooling distribution systems
Authors: Allahvirdizadeh Yousef , Shayanfar Heidarali , Moghaddam Mohsen Parsa
Published: October 2022

The rapid development of different energy production and conversion technologies at the distribution system (DS) level facilitates the integration of electrical, heating, and cooling DSs. The planning and operation of integrated DSs will affect the asset management of the transmission system (TS), which in turn will change the electrical energy prices and investment decisions at the DS level. This paper addresses a tri‐level multi‐stage approach for coordinated expansion planning of TS and integrated electrical, heating and cooling DSs. The photo voltaic panels (PVs), wind turbines (WTs), combined heat and power generation (CHP) units, boilers, and electrical and absorption chillers are considered investment candidates for coupling the DSs. Moreover, the expansion planning of TS lines, electrical feeders,and heating and cooling pipelines are integrated into the proposed model. The discussed model is tested on the modified 6‐bus, 30‐bus, and 118 bus IEEE TS comprising electrical, heating, and cooling DSs. The numerical study proves that the distribution system operators (DSOs), connected to different nodes of the TS, reduce their operation and emissioncosts by investing in the energy resources. Moreover, the proposed scheme successfully reduces the total expected cost of the transmission system operator (TSO) and successfully postpones the expansion of the TS.
Investigations of performance improvements on the evacuated tube solar collector with and without the incorporation of preheater through various engineering approaches
Authors: Danook Suad Hassan , AL‐bonsrulah Hussein A. Z. , Raja Vijayanandh , Kolivandi Morteza , Aghadadashi Ali , Al‐Bahrani Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Solar irradiation is a clean form of energy, and absorption cooling systems powered by solar energy allow for significant energy savings. In the future, the demand for renewable energy may be the most effective way to serve clean energy, especially in Iraq, which has an excellent geographical location. In this research work, the performances of solar collector with and without of preheater have been evaluated. When compared to flat plate collectors at temperatures above 80°C, glass evacuated tube solar collectors provide the combined effects of a highly selective surface coating and vacuum insulation of the absorber element, resulting in a high heat extraction efficiency. Firstly, the Evacuated Vacuum Tube Solar Collector (EVTSC) was tested through experimentation. Secondly, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach has been involved in this EVTSC system and thereby the conductive, convective and radiation based heat transfers are computed. Additionally, all possible with inclusive preheater cases are computationally investigated, thereafter the comprehensive report is prepared though validated computational procedures. Finally, the maximum efficiency is observed to be 53% without using a preheater and 61.8% with the usage of the preheater. The increase in efficiency using the preheater is found to be 16.6%.
Antithrombotische Therapie der oberflächlichen Venenthrombose
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert M.
Published: October 2022

Epidemiologie und Risikofaktoren Eine deutsche Registerstudie zeigt, dass Risikoprofile, klinisches Bild und Behandlungsmuster bei oberflächlicher Venenthrombose (OVT) sehr heterogen sind. Ebenso variieren Dosierung und Therapiedauer der Antikoagulation (AK) erheblich. Trotz initialer AK besteht nach 3 Monaten ein beachtliches Risiko für venöse Thromboembolien (VTE), Rezidive oder Ausdehnung. Im Gegensatz zu aktuellen Leitlinienempfehlungen erhielt ein Drittel der Patienten entweder Heparine, orale Antikoagulanzien oder gar kein Antikoagulans. Eine gleichzeitige, oft asymptomatische tiefe Venenthrombose (TVT) findet sich gehäuft nach Hospitalisierung oder Immobilisation, vorausgegangener VTE, bei Autoimmunerkrankungen, höherem Alter, Malignom und bei OVT in einer nichtvarikösen Vene oder bei Ausdehnung in eine Perforansvene. Dies sind häufig auch Risikofaktoren für thromboembolische Komplikationen im Verlauf.

Therapie Aufgrund einer großen Placebo-kontrollierten Studie mit klinischen Endpunkten ist Fondaparinux 1-mal 2,5 mg über 4–6 Wochen die in den Leitlinien empfohlene Therapie. Auch eine intermediäre Dosis von niedermolekularem Heparin (NMH) kann erwogen werden. Bei Hochrisikopatienten war 1-mal 10 mg Rivaroxaban gegenüber Fondaparinux nicht unterlegen. Ob bei hohem Risiko eine 45-tägige Therapie ausreicht, muss weiter untersucht werden.
Practical approach to linear endoscopic ultrasound examination of the rectum and anal canal
Authors: Okasha Hussein Hassan , Pawlak Katarzyna M. , Abou-elmagd Amr , El-Meligui Ahmed , Atalla Hassan , Othman Mohamed O. , Elenin Sameh Abou , Alzamzamy Ahmed , Mahdy Reem Ezzat
Published: October 2022

Standard endosonographic examination of the rectal area is usually performed with radial endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). However, in recent years, widespread availability of linear EUS for assessing various anatomical regions in the gastrointestinal tract has facilitated its use in the assessment of anorectal disorders. Currently, many rectal and anal diseases, including perianal abscesses, fistulae, polyps, and neoplastic lesions, can be well-visualized and evaluated with linear EUS. The aim of this review is to shed light on the anatomy and systematic examination of the anorectal region with linear EUS and clinical implications for different anorectal pathologies.
Important Finding for COVID-19 Pandemic: Hydrocephalus-producing effect of Vaporized Alcohol Disinfectant
Authors: Kanat Ayhan , Aydin Mehmet Dumlu , Sahin Balkan , Daltaban Iskender Samet , Gel Mehmet Selim , Guvercin Ali Riza , Demirtas Rabia
Published: October 2022

Background Alcohol exposure may cause hydrocephalus, but the effect of vaporized nasal alcohol exposure on the choroid plexus, and ependymal cells, and the relationship between alcohol exposure and developing hydrocephalus are not well known. This subject was investigated.

Methods Twenty-four male (∼380 g) Wistar rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups, as the control, sham and study groups. The study group was further divided into two groups as the group exposed to low or high dose of alcohol. The choroid plexuses and intraventricular ependymal cells and ventricle volumes were assessed and compared statistically.

Results Degenerated epithelial cell density of 22 ± 5, 56 ± 11, 175 ± 37, and 356 ± 85/mm3 was found in the control, sham, low alcohol exposure, and high alcohol exposure groups, respectively. The Evans index was <34% in the control group, >36% in the sham group, >40% in the group exposed to low alcohol dose (low-dose alcohol group), and >50% in the group exposed to high dose of alcohol (high-dose alcohol group).

Conclusions It was found that alcohol exposure caused choroid plexus and ependymal cell degeneration with ciliopathy and enlarged lateral ventricles or hydrocephalus. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, our findings are functionally important, because alcohol has often been used for hygiene and prevention of transmission of the Sars-Cov-2-virus.
Cross-Leg Free Flap: Crossing the Border Zone of Ischemic Limb—A Case Report of Limb Salvage Procedure following a Delayed Diagnosis of Popliteal Artery Injury
Authors: Lam Hui Yuan , Sulaiman Wan Azman Wan , Ismail Wan Faisham Wan , Halim Ahmad Sukari
Published: October 2022

Vascular injury following traumatic knee injury quoted in the literature ranges from 3.3 to 65%, depending on the magnitude and pattern of the injury. Timely recognition is crucial to ensure the revascularization is done within 6 to 8 hours from the time of injury to avoid significant morbidity, amputation, and medicolegal ramifications. We present a case of an ischemic limb following delayed diagnosis of popliteal artery injury after knee dislocation. Even though we have successfully repaired the popliteal artery, the evolving ischemia over the distal limb poses a reconstruction challenge. Multiple surgical debridement procedures were performed to control the local tissue infection. Free tissue transfer with chimeric latissimus dorsi flap was done to resurface the defect. However, the forefoot became gangrenous despite a free muscle flap transfer. His limb appeared destined for amputation in the vicinity of tissue and recipient vessels, but we chose to use a cross-leg free flap as an option for limb salvage.
Corneal confocal microscopy in patients with distal symmetric polyneuropathy compared to controls
Authors: Pupe Camila , Dieckmann Gabriela , Dornas Ricardo , Nascimento Osvaldo
Published: October 2022

Background Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a very common clinical condition throughout the world. The diagnostic tests currently recommended have low sensitivity, such as electromyography, or are invasive, such as skin biopsy. New techniques have been developed to identify the early involvement of the peripheral nerve. With the advent of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), a reduction in corneal innervation in patients with DN has been observed.

Objective To compare, through CCM, diabetic patients with symptomatic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) and controls.

Methods In the present study, through CCM, we compared the morphological changes in the sub-basal epithelial corneal plexus of 35 diabetic patients with symptomatic DSP with 55 controls. Moreover, we sought to determine a pattern of change regarding the severity stages of DSP, comparing the clinical, laboratory, and nerve-conduction (NC) variables.

Results Differences between the control and diabetic groups were observed for the following variables, respectively: age (44.9 ± 13.24 years versus 57.02 ± 10.4 years; p < 0.001); fiber density (29.7 ± 10.2 versus 16.6 ± 10.2; p < 0.001); number of fibers (4.76 ± 1.30 versus 3.14 ± 1.63; p < 0.001); number of Langerhans cells (4.64 ± 8.05 versus 7.49 ± 10.3; p = 0.035); tortuosity (p < 0.05); and thickness (p < 0.05). Furthermore, inverse relationships were found regarding fiber density and age (p < 0.01) and fiber density and the severity of the disease (p < 0.05). A positive relationship between the conduction velocity of the fibular nerve and fiber density (p < 0.05) was also observed.

Conclusion Corneal confocal microscopy proved to be a fast, noninvasive and reproducible method for the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of diabetic DSP.
Cognitive impairment and elevated peripheral cytokines in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Khan Mohd Ashif , Bhurani Dinesh , Hoda Ubedul , Sehar Nouroz , Agarwal Nidhi
Published: October 2022

Background Anthracyclines-based regimen (5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC); cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and 5-fluorouracil [CEF]) and non-anthracycline based regimens (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil [CMF]) are widely used as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients.

Objective The present study was conducted to observe the effects of FAC, CEF, and CMF regimen on cognition and circulatory proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6] and interleukin 1β [IL-1β]) for the duration of three cycles of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

Methods Eighty newly diagnosed HER-2 negative breast cancer patients were enrolled and divided into 3 groups as FAC- (n = 27), CEF- (n = 26), and CMF- (n = 27) receiving patients. Serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE) questionnaire.

Results Anthracycline-based regimen was found to increase the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and decreased MMSE scores compared with CMF regimen (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Anthracycline-based regimen caused comparatively higher peripheral inflammation, which could be the reason for more decline in cognition in anthracycline-receiving patients than non-anthracycline group.
High-Resolution Computed Tomography of Cystic Lung Disease
Authors: Kusmirek Joanna E. , Meyer Cristopher A.
Published: October 2022

The cystic lung diseases (CLD) are characterized by the presence of multiple, thin-walled, air-filled spaces in the pulmonary parenchyma. Cyst formation may occur with congenital, autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic processes. Recognition of cyst mimics such as emphysema and bronchiectasis is important to prevent diagnostic confusion and unnecessary evaluation. Chest CT can be diagnostic or may guide the workup based on cyst number, distribution, morphology, and associated lung, and extrapulmonary findings. Diffuse CLD (DCLDs) are often considered those presenting with 10 or more cysts. The more commonly encountered DCLDs include lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome, and amyloidosis/light chain deposition disease.
Assessment of Pleural Effusion by Means of Imaging Modalities
Authors: Kumari Swati , Jaseemudheen M.M.
Published: October 2022

Pleural effusion is the fluid collection in the pleural cavity between the parietal and visceral pleura. It is caused by parenchymal diseases such as inflammatory disorders or infection. Pleural effusion can be diagnosed using imaging modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

MRI is rarely performed to investigate pleural effusion due to motion artifacts and has a poor spatial resolution. Benign and malignant pleural effusion can be diagnosed using an X-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound. Pleural effusion volume can be measured by using ultrasound. This article reviews the feasibility of investigating pleural effusion and fluid drainage in medical imaging and compares to find the best modality for its diagnosis.

Description: This article reports the possible options to detect pleural effusion in medical imaging and compares them to find the best modality for its diagnosis.
Krankenhauskooperationen: Lieferantenmanagement und Aftersales-Service
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: October 2022

In Zeiten risikobehafteter Ressourcenverfügbarkeit und kompatibler Qualitätsniveaus geraten intakte und verlässliche Kunden-Lieferanten-Beziehungen verstärkt in den Fokus des Klinikeinkaufs. Neben einem konzeptionellen Lieferantenmanagement sind hierbei auch die Anforderungen und Ausgestaltung eines qualitativen Aftersales-Services aufseiten der Lieferanten durch das Krankenhaus mitzugestalten.
Krankenhausvollversorgung: Spezifische Eigenschaften einer externen logistischen Versorgung durch ein Handelsunternehmen
Authors: Christiansen Malte
Published: October 2022

Da die Entscheidung für einen externen Logistiker in der Regel eine strategisch und langfristig orientierte ist, sollte sich ein Krankenhaus neben den unmittelbar sichtbaren Parametern auch mit dem Dienstleister an sich befassen, da es hier wesentliche strukturelle Unterschiede gibt, die die Inhalte und Potenziale der Dienstleistung wesentlich mitbestimmen.
Illuminating humanist nature in teaching translation and interpreting studies: Devising an online customisable AI-driven subtitling course
Authors: Liang Lisi
Published: October 2022

The paper sets out to devise an online subtitling course emphasising the human nature of translation. To gain a deeper understanding of audience behaviours and attitudes towards the consumption of subtitles, the article utilises questionnaires and case studies. Results are used to devise a learner-customised and technology-assisted online course about subtitling. The case studies that inspire the course content and design include the short-video platform Douyin (the Chinese equivalent of TikTok) and the comparison of two MOOCs,Working with Translation: Theories and PracticeandConsecutive Interpreting. In summary, the course design for teaching subtitling will be based on the findings of the research questions and elastically adapted to the syllabus. We put forward our course with an emphasis on the practicality of producing subtitles in light of the technological acceleration in the marketplace and, more importantly, the humanistic nature of translation.
Ultrafast electron diffraction from transiently aligned asymmetric top molecules: Rotational dynamics and structure retrieval
Authors: Wilkin Kyle J. , Xiong Yanwei , Zhao Haoran , Muvva Sri Bhavya , Saha Sajib Kumar , Centurion Martin
Published: October 2022

Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) from aligned molecules in the gas phase has successfully retrieved structures of both linear and symmetric top molecules. Alignment of asymmetric tops has been recorded with UED but no structural information was retrieved. We present here the extraction of two-dimensional structural information from simple transformations of experimental diffraction patterns of aligned molecules as a proof-of-principle for the recovery of the full structure. We align 4-fluorobenzotrifluoride with a linearly polarized laser and show that we can distinguish between atomic pairs with equal distances that are parallel and perpendicular to the aligned axis. We additionally show with numerical simulations that by cooling the molecules to a rotational temperature of 1 K, more distances and angles can be resolved through direct transformations.
Non-Abelian Toda lattice and analogs of Painlevé III equation
Authors: Adler V. E. , Kolesnikov M. P.
Published: October 2022

In integrable models, stationary equations for higher symmetries serve as one of the main sources of reductions consistent with dynamics. We apply this method to the non-Abelian two-dimensional Toda lattice. It is shown that already the stationary equation of the simplest higher flow gives a non-trivial non-autonomous constraint that reduces the Toda lattice to a non-Abelian analog of pumped Maxwell–Bloch equations. The Toda lattice itself is interpreted as an auto-Bäcklund transformation acting on the solutions of this system. Further self-similar reduction leads to non-Abelian analogs of the Painlevé III equation.
Spread rates of spread models with frozen symbols
Authors: Ban Jung-Chao , Hong Jyy-I , Wu Yu-Liang
Published: October 2022

This article aims to compare the long-term behavior of a spread model before and after a type in the model becomes frozen, namely, a type of which an individual only produces individuals of the same type. By means of substitution dynamical systems and matrix analysis, the first result of this work gives the spread rates of a 1-spread model with one frozen symbol. Later, in the work, this is shown to hold under more general settings, which include generalized frozen symbols and frozen symbols in m-spread models. Numerical experiments are provided as supporting evidence for the theory.
Neutron radiation-resistant aluminum nitride memristor
Authors: Zhang Yanming , Tang Ge , Feng Peng , Kang Kaijin , Tang Xiaosheng , Li Mo , Hu Wei
Published: October 2022

A memristor is promising as an electronic synapse or next-generation nonvolatile memory, and its radiation resistance has recently received extensive attention for broader application fields. We fabricated Al/AlN/TiN crossbar arrays and investigated their resistive switching properties and neutron radiation-resistant performance. Al/AlN/TiN memory devices have many excellent features, such as operating currents down to 10 μA, memory endurance over 120 cycles, resistance window greater than 104, and retention time in excess of 104 s. More importantly, the memory devices with different resistance states still maintain remarkable resistive switching behaviors after irradiating with a dose of neutron radiation up to 1 × 1014 n/cm2, demonstrating outstanding potential application in radiation-resistant electronics.
Physically consistent multi-frequency magnetic loss testing of silicon steel
Authors: Pfützner H. , Shilyashki G. , Bengtsson C.
Published: October 2022

For decades, much effort has been made to establish test systems for the determination of magnetic losses of electric steels. However, presently available systems are still associated with considerable deficiencies. Meanwhile, increased awareness of preservation of energy enforces the need to determine losses with absolute accuracy. Furthermore, modern drives yield demand for multi-frequency testing. This paper summarizes a multi-frequency test system that avoids the major physical compromises of conventional methodologies. The paper describes the overall design of “physically consistent magnetic loss testing” (CLT) with preferred sample size of 500 × 170 mm2. Specific emphasis is placed on four crucial features: (i) Practical independency of sample state from an extra-thin yoke. (ii) Effective field detection with consideration of demagnetizing field components. (iii) Effective induction detection with advanced air flux compensation, based on true-field conditions. (iv) Complete suppression of harmonics for unique results. Results for time-averaged losses and for instantaneous power functions of grain-oriented steels are presented for frequencies ranging from 162/3 Hz to 10 kHz. For thermal and practical reasons, loss determination is restricted to a maximum of 100 W/kg. The design of CLT claims to be the first loss test concept with an assessed absolute accuracy of about 2.5%. Considering the benefits of the presented system, the method is proposed as a base for international standardization.
Calculation and analysis of ampacity and stress of overhead transmission line
Authors: Li Junhui , Jia Siqi , Wu Peng , Du Dongmei , He Qing
Published: October 2022

To ensure the safe operation of a transmission line, it is necessary to study the radial temperature rise and the stress and strain distribution of the transmission line under on-load state. A three-dimensional solid finite element model of reinforced aluminum conductor steel was established, and the temperature and stress distribution of the conductor were calculated. The effects of operating tension, wind speed, and radial temperature difference on the temperature and stress distribution were analyzed. The radial temperature difference increases about 1.40–3.16 °C with the rise of the mean temperature of the conductor. When the ambient temperature decreases from 20 to −40 °C, the mean temperature of the conductor decreases from 50.34 to −9.31 °C, and the external layer stress increases from 44.59 to 60.19 MPa. At the same time, the external layer stress of the conductor increases with the increase in wind speed and operating tension. The stress of the outermost aluminum conductor of the conductor under the radial temperature difference load increases with the rise in the temperature difference, and the stress of the inner aluminum conductor and the inner steel core decreases with the rise in the temperature difference.
Air entrainment mechanism of chute bottom aerators in high-speed chute flows
Authors: Ye Fangzhou , Xu Weilin , Wei Wangru
Published: October 2022

In high-head dam projects, chute aerators are commonly applied as artificial aeration devices to prevent cavitation erosion damage in high-speed spillway and tunnel flows. These specific chute air–water flows are generated by jet lower-surface aeration above the bottom cavity and jet impact aeration on the bottom floor. These air entrainment processes determine the total air flux transport downstream of the chute flow. However, the differential air fluxes caused by the two different aeration mechanisms remain unclear. Based on physical model investigations, the two air entrained processes are observed by a high-speed camera, and detailed air flux data are measured in the aerator cavity and impact areas. The effects of the jet lower-surface disintegrating and then instantaneously reattaching to the chute floor are discussed. The measured air flux data indicate that the inertial jet impact entrainment dominates with increasing the Froude number, while the air flux proportion of the jet lower-surface aeration increases with the aerator height. A general prediction model for aerator cavity entrainment is proposed, considering the effects of the Froude number and jet lower-surface aeration. The scale effects of the coupling mechanism on chute aerator air entrainment highlight that aerator cavity air entrainment primarily depends on the inertial jet impact, and the main effects of aerator design on entrainment performance are manifested in the air cavity properties.