bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of dynamic contrast enhancement for clinically significant prostate cancer detection
Authors: Li Eric V. , Kumar Sai K. , Aguiar Jonathan A. , Siddiqui Mohammad R. , Neill Clayton , Sun Zequn , Schaeffer Edward M. , Jawahar Anugayathri , Ross Ashley E. , Patel Hiten D.
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the association of dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa, Gleason Grade Group ≥2) and compare biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) nomograms.

Subjects/patients and methods

We identified a retrospective cohort of biopsy naïve patients who underwent pre‐biopsy MRI separated by individual MRI series from 2018 to 2022. csPCa detection rates were calculated for patients with peripheral zone (PZ) lesions scored 3–5 on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with available DCE (annotated as − or +). bpMRI Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) (3 = 3−, 3+; 4 = 4−, 4+; 5 = 5−, 5+) and mpMRI PIRADS (3 = 3−; 4 = 3+, 4−, 4+; 5 = 5−, 5+) approaches were compared in multivariable logistic regression models. Nomograms for detection of csPCa and ≥GG3 PCa incorporating all biopsy naïve patients who underwent prostate MRI were generated based on available serum biomarkers [PHI, % free prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), or total PSA] and validated with an independent cohort.

Results

Patients (n = 1010) with highest PIRADS lesion in PZ were included in initial analysis with 127 (12.6%) classified as PIRADS 3+ (PIRADS 3 on bpMRI but PIRADS 4 on mpMRI). On multivariable analysis, PIRADS 3+ lesions were associated with higher csPCa rates compared to PIRADS 3− (3+ vs. 3−: OR 1.86, p = 0.024), but lower csPCa rates compared to PIRADS DWI 4 lesions (4 vs. 3+: OR 2.39, p < 0.001). csPCa rates were 19% (3−), 31% (3+), 41.5% (4−), 65.9% (4+), 62.5% (5−), and 92.3% (5+). bpMRI nomograms were non‐inferior to mpMRI nomograms in the development (n = 1410) and independent validation (n = 353) cohorts. Risk calculators available at: https://rossnm1.shinyapps.io/MynMRIskCalculator/.

Conclusion

While DCE positivity by itself was associated with csPCa among patients with highest PIRADS lesions in the PZ, nomogram comparisons suggest that there is no significant difference in performance of bpMRI and mpMRI. bpMRI may be considered as an alternative to mpMRI for prostate cancer evaluation in many situations.
A high‐titer scalable Chinese hamster ovary transient expression platform for production of biotherapeutics
Authors: Gonzalez‐Rivera Juan C. , Galvan Alberto , Ryder Todd , Milman Monica , Agarwal Kitty , Kandari Lakshmi , Khetan Anurag
Published: August 2024

Transient gene expression (TGE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells offers a route to accelerate biologics development by delivering material weeks to months earlier than what is possible with conventional cell line development. However, low productivity, inconsistent product quality profiles, and scalability challenges have prevented its broader adoption. In this study, we develop a scalable CHO‐based TGE system achieving 1.9 g/L of monoclonal antibody in an unmodified host. We integrated continuous flow‐electroporation and alternate tangential flow (ATF) perfusion to enable an end‐to‐end closed system from N‐1 perfusion to fed‐batch 50‐L bioreactor production. Optimization of both the ATF operation for three‐in‐one application—cell growth, buffer exchange, and cell mass concentration—and the flow‐electroporation process, led to a platform for producing biotherapeutics using transiently transfected cells. We demonstrate scalability up to 50‐L bioreactor, maintaining a titer over 1 g/L. We also show comparable quality between both transiently and stably produced material, and consistency across batches. The results confirm that purity, charge variants and N‐glycan profiles are similar. Our study demonstrates the potential of CHO‐based TGE platforms to accelerate biologics process development timelines and contributes evidence supporting its feasibility for manufacturing early clinical material, aiming to strengthen endorsement for TGE's wider implementation.
Investigating the role of banks in promoting women‐owned micro and small businesses: Empirical evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Khan Sadia Noor , Khan Tasneema , Jilhajj Khondokar
Published: August 2024

Women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh face strict terms and conditions, high interest rate, and collateral requirements while requesting access to bank finance. This paper investigates the role of banks in promoting micro and small businesses owned by women in Bangladesh in terms of access to bank finance and collateral requirement. Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs were chosen as there are surge in women entrepreneurs in the nation. The study used a close‐ended questionnaire to collect data based on stratified sampling and data health was ensured using the Harman's single factor indicating no presence of common method bias. The sample consists of 60 respondents of pilot study and 150 respondents surveyed by trained enumerators resulting a final sample size of 210. The data were collected based on primary sources from the entire Bangladesh represented by the eight divisions of the country namely Dhaka, Barishal, Chittagong, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet. The data were analyzed based on the binary logistic regression model using the IBM SPSS Statistics. Empirical results indicate that women entrepreneurs can be granted bank finance only by the private commercial banks without pledging collateralized assets according to the rules of the central bank of Bangladesh provided they offer personal guarantee, social security and group guarantee and if they default on the loans, security will be used for loan repayment, and they will be deprived of further loan facilities. The findings of the study will help add value to the current literatures and the outcomes will be helpful to the concerned parties.
Identifying associations between sample characteristics, symptoms, and self‐efficacy differences in adult patients with rare tumors of the central nervous system who participated in a novel web‐based natural history study
Authors: Acquaye‐Mallory Alvina , Vera Elizabeth , Choi Anna , Wall Kathleen , Gilbert Mark R. , Armstrong Terri S.
Published: August 2024

Objective

High self‐efficacy is associated with improved self‐care and reduced symptoms in cancer patients but has not been fully interrogated in adults with central nervous system (CNS) cancers. We aimed to identify the relationship between self‐efficacy levels in managing emotions (SEMEM) and social interactions (SEMSI) by examining sample characteristics and symptom burden.

Methods

Sample characteristics and patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures addressing self‐efficacy (PROMIS SEMEM & SEMSI) and symptom burden (MDASI BT or SP) were collected in a novel web‐based study of 158 adult patients diagnosed with rare CNS tumors.

Results

The sample was predominantly female (73%), diagnosed with an ependymoma (66%), and had a median age of 45 (19–75). Low SEMEM was associated with a longer duration of symptoms before surgery (r = −0.26) and female gender (92%) among brain tumor (BT) participants and in spinal cord tumors (SCT), those with lower education (r = 0.29). Reporting low SEMSI was associated with being married (42%), lower education (r = 0.22), and a prolonged time with symptoms before surgery (r = 0.29) in those with BTs, with no associations identified in SCT. More severe mood‐related interference (including mood, enjoyment of life, and relationship with others) was associated with lower SEMEM among both locations (r = −0.61 brain, r = −0.28 spine) and SEMSI in BT participants (r = −0.54).

Conclusions

Low self‐efficacy was linked to a prolonged time between symptom onset and initial surgery, education, gender, and marital status and was associated with higher mood‐related interference. Understanding characteristics associated with low self‐efficacy underscores a need for future studies to tailor interventions that enhance self‐efficacy.
Systemic administration of Resolvin D1 reduces cancer‐induced bone pain in mice: Lack of sex dependency in pain development and analgesia
Authors: Flippen Alyssa , Khasabova Iryna A. , Simone Donald A. , Khasabov Sergey G.
Published: August 2024

Aims

Bone cancer produces severe pain that is treated with opioids, but serious side effects limit opioid utilization. There is therefore a need to develop effective and safe non‐opioid alternatives. The lipid mediator, Resolvin D1 (RvD1), could be a prospective candidate for cancer pain treatment. To assess RvD1 and other potential candidates, appropriate animal models that recapitulate clinical features must be used. Although several preclinical models of cancer pain have been developed, the influence of sex on the development of cancer pain and the effectiveness of RvD1 have not been studied.

Results

Using a mouse model of fibrosarcoma growth in and around the calcaneus bone, we demonstrated that the mechanical hyperalgesia in the tumor‐bearing hind paw develops independently of sex, except that it developed a little sooner in female mice. A single intravenous injection of RvD1 (0.001–10 μg/kg) decreased hyperalgesia in both sexes with similar potency (ED50 = 0.0015 μg/kg) and efficacy. Repeated daily administration of 10 μg/kg RvD1 prolonged the analgesic effect and completely abolished hyperalgesia. This was also independent of sex.

Conclusion

In this preclinical mouse model of bone cancer pain, the development of pain and the analgesic effectiveness of RvD1 are not influenced by sex.
Achalasia cardia: A case report in young female
Authors: Subedi Deepak , Parajuli Binod Raj , Bista Neha , Rauniyar Somee , Dhonju Kiran , Bhusal Santosh , Aryal Egesh , Adhikari Divas , Aryal Saurav , Karna Ayush
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case emphasizes the need for early recognition and accurate diagnosis of achalasia in young adults to avoid exacerbation of the condition and misdiagnosis as GERD. Patient outcomes and quality of life are greatly enhanced by suitable diagnostic techniques, appropriate therapy, interdisciplinary care, and comprehensive patient education along with frequent follow‐ups.

Achalasia results from the degeneration of inhibitory ganglion cells within the esophageal myenteric plexus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), leading to a loss of inhibitory neurons and resulting in the absence of peristalsis with failure of LES relaxation. Its origins are multifactorial, potentially involving infections, autoimmune responses, and genetics, with equal incidence in males and females. The hallmark symptoms include progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids, along with regurgitation, heartburn, and non‐cardiac chest pain. A 22‐year‐old female patient initially diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) received proton pump inhibitors and antacid gel for persistent dysphagia and regurgitation. Subsequent tests including barium esophagogram and manometry indicated Type II Achalasia Cardia. The patient showed clinical improvement with relief of dysphagia, regurgitation, and heartburn symptoms after pneumatic balloon dilatation (PBD). She was advised to follow up after 6 months with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy and manometry in the outpatient clinic for regular endoscopic surveillance as there is a risk of transformation to esophageal carcinoma. Diagnosing achalasia in young adults poses challenges due to its diverse presentation and resemblance to other esophageal disorders like GERD. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms and imaging studies such as barium esophagogram revealing a bird's beak appearance and esophageal manometry showing absent peristalsis. UGI endoscopy is needed to rule out malignancy. Treatment options include non‐surgical approaches like medication and Botox injections, as well as surgical methods such as pneumatic balloon dilation, laparoscopic Heller myotomy, and per‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). The treatment options depend upon the patient's condition at presentation and their individual choices. This case report emphasizes that it is crucial to consider achalasia as a potential differential diagnosis in young adults with dysphagia, especially if conventional treatments for acid peptic disorder do not alleviate symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can lead to significant clinical improvement and better patient outcomes.
A provably secure authenticated key agreement protocol for industrial sensor network system
Authors: Thakur Garima , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Sharma Piyush , Prajapat Sunil , Kumar Pankaj
Published: August 2024

The convergence of reliable and self‐organizing characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the IoT has increased the utilization of WSN in different scenarios such as healthcare, industrial units, battlefield monitoring and so forth, yet has also led to significant security risks in their deployment. So, several researchers are developing efficient authentication frameworks with various security and privacy characteristics for WSNs. Subsequently, we review and examine a recently proposed robust key management protocol for an industrial sensor network system. However, their work is incompetent to proffer expedient security and is susceptible to several security attacks. We demonstrate their vulnerabilities against man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, privileged insider attacks, secret key leakage attacks, user, gateway, and sensor node impersonation attacks, and offline password‐guessing attacks. We further highlight the design flaw of no session key agreement in Itoo et al. Therefore to alleviate the existing security issues, we devise an improved key agreement and mutual authentication framework. Our protocol outperforms Itoo et al.'s drawbacks, as demonstrated by the comprehensive security proof performed using the real‐or‐random (ROR) model and the formal verification accomplished using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols (AVISPA) tool.
Exploring the Effects of Sensorimotor Training and Relaxation Therapy on Postural Control, Balance, Sleep, and Stress in Sedentary Young Adults: Rationale, Design, and Methodology
Authors: Tanwar Tarushi , Aldabbas Mosab , Iram Iram , Veqar Zubia
Published: August 2024

Postural control (PC) and sleep are critical in several aspects of health. Poor sleep negatively influences PC and balance, which is necessary for performing various tasks, from reaching to mobility. Moreover, sleep disturbances and consequent PC and balance deterioration are associated with job accidents, traffic accidents, falls, and injuries. Healthy adults who have inadequate sleep show a decline in optimal functioning, even in the absence of medical illnesses. This suggests that getting enough sleep, both in duration and quality, is essential to maintain optimal health. Moreover, inadequate sleep has also been observed to have a bidirectional relationship with stress levels. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the impact of non‐pharmacological treatments to improve PC, sleep, and stress in the sedentary young adult (YA) population. This article describes the protocol for a study to investigate the effects of sensorimotor training and relaxation therapy on various static and dynamic PC tests, balance measures, and subjective and objective indices of sleep and stress among sedentary YAs with impaired sleep quality. The protocol is also designed to evaluate the effect of these therapies on fatigue, salivary cortisol levels, anxiety, and depression. Methods for assessing the sleep architecture, static and dynamic PC, balance, and stress are described along with the methods of scoring with the primary goal of providing a standardized set of assessment and scoring procedures according to the latest guidelines and gold‐standard techniques and measures that can be used reliably at different laboratories. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Postural control assessment

Basic Protocol 2: Balance assessment

Basic Protocol 3: Sleep architecture assessment

Basic Protocol 4: Salivary cortisol analysis
Enhanced analysis of equine plasma for the presence of recombinant human erythropoietin — Implementation of an improved workflow
Authors: Richards Stacey , Palmer David , Cawley Adam , Wainscott Martin , Keledjian John
Published: August 2024

An improved screening workflow and a robust capillary flow LC–MS confirmatory method for the detection of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been implemented to increase the sensitivity of rHuEPO detection and to reduce the number of suspect samples committed to confirmatory testing. The influence of repeated dosing of epoetin‐β on the detection window of rHuEPO in equine plasma was assessed using the optimised method.

Samples were initially assessed using an economical R&D Human EPO Duo‐Set ELISA Development System. Samples indicating a result greater than the batch baseline were analysed using the complementary R&D Human EPO Quantikine IVD ELISA kit. All samples recording an abnormal screening result were subjected to confirmatory analysis. Confirmation of rHuEPO in plasma (≥2.5 ml) in the range of 4–13 mIU/ml (n = 6) was achieved using immunoaffinity enrichment, tryptic digestion, and capillary flow LC–MS/MS.

Four horses were administered a single dose of epoetin‐β (10,000 IU) via the subcutaneous and intravenous routes, on two occasions, seven days apart. The excretion profile was rapid with epoetin‐β detection times of 48 to 72 h following each administration, with no appreciable difference observed between the two routes of administration. This workflow has been shown as an effective anti‐doping strategy related to rHuEPO misuse and supports the use of out‐of‐competition testing of horses in the 2 to 3‐day period prior to race‐day.
Estimating changes in streamflow attributable to wildfire in multiple watersheds using a semi‐distributed watershed model
Authors: Wells Ryan , Mankin Kyle R. , Niemann Jeffrey D. , Kipka Holm , Green Timothy R. , Barnard David M.
Published: August 2024

More than half of water supply in the western United States is sourced from forested lands that are increasingly under wildfire risk. Studies have begun to isolate the effects of wildfire on streamflow, but they have typically used coarse temporal resolutions that cannot account for the numerous, interconnected watershed processes that control the responses to rainfall events. In this study, we employed a method to isolate fine‐scale (daily) effects of fire. Wildfire effects were estimated as the difference between measured post‐fire streamflow and unburned scenarios of post‐fire streamflow simulated by a hydrologic model calibrated to pre‐fire conditions. The method was applied to track hydrologic recovery after wildfires in six burned watersheds across the western United States: North Eagle Creek, NM (2012 Little Bear Fire), Lopez Creek, CA (1985 Las Pilitas Fire), City Creek, Devil Canyon Creek, East Twin Creek, and Plunge Creek, CA (2003 Old Fire). All six watersheds experienced prolonged increases of post‐fire streamflow, with the most consistent changes occurring during periods of low streamflow. Following 6 years of increased streamflow, Lopez Creek experienced 6 years of reduced streamflow before returning to the pre‐fire hydrologic regime. North Eagle Creek and the four watersheds affected by the Old Fire continued to have elevated streamflow 9 and 18 years post‐fire, respectively, without returning to the pre‐fire hydrologic regime.
Separation Study of Magnesium–Lithium from Low‐Mg/Li Brine
Authors: Ma Yanfang , Huang Shouyan , Liu Xin , Li Kanshe , Ma Xiuzhen , Zhang Zhihong , Li Shenting , Xie Jianming , Du Yongsheng , Fu Zhenhai
Published: August 2024

The lithium present in salt lakes constitutes a significant and valuable resource. There are various methods for extracting lithium from salt lake brine, but currently, they all face challenges such as high energy consumption and low utilization efficiency of lithium resources. One prominent issue is the composition of feedstock during lithium extraction, specifically determining the optimal concentration ratio (nMg/nLi value). This constitutes a critical aspect in the later stages of the extraction process, influencing the cost and efficiency of lithium extraction processes. The fundamental reason for this prominent issue is the effective control of the evaporation and concentration process of lithium‐containing brines, which is caused by the disconnection between the evaporation process and the subsequent processing and extraction stages. Therefore, considering the concentration variation patterns of Li+ and Mg2+ in brine during the evaporation process, paper employs a combination of experimental research and computational simulation. It investigates the variation of Li‐Mg concentrations and their interactions during the natural evaporation enrichment process. The research investigates changes in lithium and magnesium concentrations and their interactions during natural evaporation enrichment process of salt lake. Elucidates the mechanism of lithium migration and proposes a new lithium extraction process ‐ the ‘3 Steps 2 Units’.
Seismic response of column‐supported silos considering granular–structure interaction
Authors: Chen Jia , Ding Yonggang , Xu Qikeng , Liu Qiang , Cheng Xuansheng
Published: August 2024

To predict the seismic response of column‐supported silos (CSSs), the granular–structure interaction (GSI) analysis method is proposed with considering the combined effect of the friction between the particles–particles and the particles–silo wall. Using free‐body dynamic equilibrium equations, we reconstruct the mutual interactions between different grain portions and between the grains and the silo wall to develop the ideal calculation model of the CSS structure. Based on the analysis model, additional dynamic overpressure and the effective mass caused by the stored content interacting with the silo wall is obtained with different slenderness ratios and peak accelerations. The additional bending moment caused by the friction between the particles and silo wall is further quantified. To verify the reliability of the proposed method, we discuss some applicative examples by comparing the GSI method with other theories, Eurocode 8, and experimental results. Moreover, the along‐the‐height acceleration profiles of the silo wall and the ensiled content are analyzed according to the shaking‐table tests. The results show that the GSI method can match Janssen's theory well in the case of static pressure at slenderness ratios exceeding 1.0. The overpressure profiles along the height of the silo wall follow a nonlinear distribution, different from Eurocode 8. The bending moment obtained by predictive formulas agrees well with the experimental results for the CSS, indicating that the GSI method is reasonable. Some design and construction recommendations, including the maximum overpressure position, the reference range of the dynamic overpressure coefficient, and the reduction factors of the ensiled content mass, are proposed to facilitate the engineering applications of CSSs, considering different slenderness ratios.
Optimizing hybrid beamforming in millimeter‐wave massive multiple‐input multiple‐output systems: A gradient projection approach
Authors: Momen‐Tayefeh Mehrdad , Olfat Ali
Published: August 2024

Millimeter waves (mmWave) present an enticing opportunity for wireless communication due to their substantial bandwidth. However, mitigating signal losses within this spectrum necessitates employing numerous antennas for transmission and reception. In practical scenarios, dedicating individual RF chains to each antenna is often unfeasible. In response to this limitation, our research investigates a hybrid beamforming approach, seeking to optimize spectral efficiency through an alternating optimization (AO) technique. Our goal is to develop an algorithm that can be easily integrated into diverse hybrid beamforming configurations. On the other hand the pursuit of optimizing spectral efficiency while adhering to the constraints imposed by phase shifters results in a non‐convex problem. To confront this challenge, we employ a gradient descent framework combined with projection methods. We introduce the gradient prediction method (GPM), which leads to a closed‐form solution for projection. Simulations underscore that this hybrid beamforming structure can achieve the performance of a fully digital beamforming method when the number of RF chains is twice the total number of data streams, regardless of the number of antennas involved. Furthermore, we will conduct a comparative performance analysis of our proposed algorithm against other established benchmark algorithms to ascertain its superiority.
Recent strategies to improve the electroactivity of metal–organic frameworks for advanced electrocatalysis
Authors: Wei Runzhi , Liu Xiaoyu , Ibragimov Aziz Bakhtiyarovich , Gao Junkuo
Published: August 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials in the realm of electrocatalysis due to their high surface area, tunable porosity, and versatile chemical functionality. However, their practical application has been hampered by inherent limitations such as low electrical conductivity and a limited number of active metal sites. Researchers addressed these challenges through various strategies, including enhancing conductivity by incorporating conductive materials and metal nanoparticles, modifying the structure and composition of MOFs by replacing metal nodes and functionalizing linkers, and preparing MOFs catalysts through thermal processes such as decarburization and conversion into metal oxides, phosphides (MPs), and sulfides (MSs). This review provided a comprehensive summary of the strategies that were employed to enhance the electroactivity of MOFs for improved electrocatalytic performance in recent years. It also explored future directions and potential innovations in the design and synthesis of MOF‐based electrocatalysts, offering valuable insights for advancing their application in sustainable energy technologies.
Morphological characterization and distribution of antennal sensilla of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Li Yong‐Ping , Zhou Hai‐Yan , Yang Yang , Ye Hui , Haack Robert A. , Cao Jun
Published: August 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a globally significant agricultural pest, causing severe damage to corn production in China. Chemical odor‐based trapping is a major approach for FAW control, making it essential to understand the FAW antennal sensillum types to enhance development of effective chemical odor attractants. In this study, we comprehensively examined the antennal sensilla types of FAW, identifying eight types and two subtypes, including Böhm's bristles, sensilla trichoidea, sensilla chaetica (I and II), sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia (I and II), sensilla auricillica, and sensilla basiconica. Sensilla chaetica II, and sensilla squamiformia II are reported for the first time for FAW in this study. Detailed low‐voltage field emission scanning electron microscope (LVSEM) images and descriptions are provided for each sensillum type. This study provides the morphological information to aid in conducting antennal sensillum neurophysiological tests on FAW.

Research Highlights

The types of sensilla of fall armyworm were examined, identifying eight types and two subtypes, including Böhm's bristles, sensilla trichoidea, sensilla chaetica (I and II), sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia (I and II), sensilla auricillica, and sensilla basiconica.

Detailed low‐voltage field emission scanning electron microscope images and descriptions were provided for each sensillum type.
Antibiotic Diversity Index: A novel metric to assess antibiotic variation among hospitalized children
Authors: Markham Jessica L. , Hall Matt , Shah Samir S. , Burns Alaina , Goldman Jennifer L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite nationally endorsed treatment guidelines and stewardship programs, variation and deviation from evidence‐based antibiotic prescribing occur, contributing to inappropriate use and medication‐related adverse events. Measures of antibiotic prescribing variability can aid in quantifying this problem but are not adequate.

Objective

The objective of this study is to develop a standardized metric to quantify antibiotic prescribing variability (diversity) within and across children's hospitals, and to examine its association with outcomes.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study of empiric antibiotic exposure among children hospitalized during 2017–2019 with one of 15 common pediatric infections using the Pediatric Health Information System database. Encounters for children with complex chronic conditions, transfers in, and birth hospitalizations were excluded. Using the Shannon–Weiner entropy index, we quantified antibiotic diversity for each infection type using the d‐measure of diversity. Generalized linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine the association between hospital‐level antibiotic diversity and risk‐adjusted length of stay and costs.

Results

A total of 79,515 hospitalizations for common pediatric infections were included. Antibiotic diversity varied within and across hospitals. Infections with low mean antibiotic diversity included appendicitis (mean diversity [mDiv] = 4.9, SD = 2.5) and deep neck space infections (mDiv = 5.9, SD = 1.9). Infections with high mean antibiotic diversity included pneumonia (mDiv = 23.4, SD = 5.6) and septicemia/bacteremia (mDiv = 28.5, SD = 12.1). There was no statistically significant association between hospital‐level antibiotic diversity and risk‐adjusted LOS or costs.

Conclusions

We developed and applied a novel metric to quantify diversity in antibiotic prescribing that permits comparisons across hospitals and can be leveraged to identify high‐priority areas for local and national stewardship interventions.
Influence of steaming duration, chlorophyll‐a and ‐b content and ratio, and pH on the color of green tea processed from multiple tea (Camellia sinensisL.) cultivars
Authors: Hirono Hisako , Yamashita Shuya , Hirono Yuhei
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The color of green tea is an important quality indicator. In recent years, shading of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants has been widely adopted for green tea production to enhance its green color and umami taste. In this study, we identified factors that influence green tea color by (i) examining variation in the chlorophyll content of fresh new tea shoots among cultivars, cropping seasons, and the degree of shading, (ii) investigating the rate of conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin during the tea manufacturing process, specifically with steaming duration, and (iii) analyzing the effects of the new tea shoot properties and the steaming process on colorimetric values of the steamed new tea shoots.

RESULTS

Multiple regression analysis revealed that three factors contributed to the rate of conversion of each chlorophyll type to pheophytin in steamed new tea shoots (ranked by importance): steaming duration > each chlorophyll type (chlorophyll‐a and chlorophyll‐b) content of fresh new tea shoots > pH. The colorimetric hue angle (h) value of steamed new tea shoots was influenced by four factors (ranked by importance): steaming duration > total chlorophyll (chlorophyll‐a + chlorophyll‐b) content in fresh new tea shoots > pH > chlorophyll‐a/chlorophyll‐b ratio in fresh new tea shoots.

CONCLUSION

Differences in the color of new tea shoots can be explained by the aforementioned four factors. The findings will be useful for cultivar selection, and determining the appropriate degree of shading and steaming duration, to produce high‐quality green teas with a good appearance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Self‐assembled α‐lactalbumin nanostructures: encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive molecules in gastrointestinal in vitro model
Authors: de Oliveira Bianchi Jhonatan Rafael , Fabrino Daniela Leite , Quintão Cristiane Medina Finzi , dos Reis Coimbra Jane Selia , Santos Igor José Boggione
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Implementing encapsulation techniques is pivotal in safeguarding bioactive molecules against environmental conditions for drug delivery systems. Moreover, the food‐grade nanocarrier is a delivery system and food ingredient crucial in creating nutraceutical foods. Nano α‐lactalbumin has been shown to be a promissory nanocarrier for hydrophobic molecules. Furthermore, the nanoprotein can enhance the tecno‐functional properties of food such as foam and emulsion. The present study investigated the nanostructured α‐lactalbumin protein (nano α‐la) as a delivery and controlled release system for bioactive molecules in a gastric‐intestinal in vitro mimic system.

RESULTS

The nano α‐la was synthesized by a low self‐assembly technique, changing the solution ionic strength by NaCl and obtaining nano α‐la 191.10 ± 21.33 nm and a spherical shape. The nano α‐la showed higher encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity for quercetin than riboflavin, a potential carrier for hydrophobic compounds. Thermal analysis of nano α‐la resulted in a ΔH of −1480 J g−1 for denaturation at 57.44 °C. The nanostructure formed by self‐assembly modifies the foam volume increment and stability. Also, differences between nano and native proteins in emulsion activity and stability were noticed. The release profile in vitro showed that the nano α‐la could not hold the molecules in gastric fluid. The Weibull and Korsmeyer‐Peppas model better fits the release profile behavior in the studied fluids.

CONCLUSION

The present study shows the possibility of nano α‐la as an alternative to molecule delivery systems and nutraceutical foods' formulation because of the high capacity to encapsulate hydrophobic molecules and the improvement of techno‐functional properties. However, the nanocarrier is not perfectly suitable for the sustainable delivery of molecules in the gastrointestinal fluid, demanding improvements in the nanocarrier. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The potential effect of romosozumab on perioperative management for instrumentation surgery
Authors: Ishikawa Koji , Tani Soji , Toyone Tomoaki , Tsuchiya Koki , Towatari Tomoko , Oshita Yusuke , Yamamura Ryo , Wada Kazuki , Nagai Takashi , Shirahata Toshiyuki , Inagaki Katsunori , Yoshifumi Kudo
Published: August 2024

Background

Age‐related changes in bone health increase the risk for complications in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Osteoporosis is a key therapeutic target that needs to be addressed to ensure successful instrumentation surgery. The effectiveness of pharmacological interventions in orthopedic surgery, particularly the new drug romosozumab, is still unknown. We aim to evaluate the effect of 3‐month romosozumab treatment on biomechanical parameters related to spinal instrumentation surgery, using the Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT)‐based Finite Element Method (FEM).

Methods

This open‐labeled, prospective study included 81 patients aged 60 to 90 years, who met the osteoporosis criteria and were scheduled for either romosozumab or eldecalcitol treatment. Patients were assessed using blood samples, dual‐energy absorptiometry (DXA), and QCT. Biomechanical parameters were evaluated using FEM at baseline and 3 months post‐treatment. The primary endpoints were biomechanical parameters at 3 months, while secondary endpoints included changes in regional volumetric bone mineral density around the pedicle (P‐vBMD) and vertebral body (V‐vBMD).

Results

Romosozumab treatment led to significant gains in P‐vBMD, and V‐vBMD compared to eldecalcitol at 3 months. Notably, the romosozumab group showed greater improvements in all biomechanical parameters estimated by FEM at 3 months compared to the eldecalcitol group.

Conclusion

Romosozumab significantly increased the regional vBMD as well as biomechanical parameters, potentially offering clinical benefits in reducing post‐operative complications in patients with osteoporosis undergoing orthopedic instrumentation surgery. This study highlights the novel advantages of romosozumab treatment and advocates further research on its effectiveness in perioperative management.
Exploring the decision model for tourism symbiosis of ancient villages and towns based on tourist reviews: A case study of Huaihua City in China
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Meng Yuanyuan , Wang Jing , Zhou Xuelian , Peng Danni
Published: August 2024

To ensure the sustainable development of regional tourism, it is essential to differentiate between adjacent tourist attractions in a state of homogeneous competition. This study proposes a decision model for the tourism symbiosis of ancient villages and towns (AVTs) using tourist reviews. Their co‐occurrence and individual characteristics were extracted through content analysis, and a probabilistic linguistic CODAS method with a newly defined distance was employed for sentiment analysis. Four clustered AVTs located in Huaihua City, China, were selected to validate the decision model. The results indicate that a long history and culture, ethnic customs, and a serene atmosphere comprise co‐occurrence characteristics, while material landscape, spiritual culture, emotional cognition, and tourism services comprise individual characteristics. The corresponding tourism symbiotic development schemes, including cultural construction, life experience, and pastoral entertainment, are proposed based on the advantages and potentials perceived by tourists. The decision model could contribute to sustainable development of rural areas.
The impact of cultural heritage listing on regional tourism development in China
Authors: Tan Na , Anwar Sajid , Jiang Wanxing
Published: August 2024

Existing studies have shown that intangible cultural heritage (ICH) listing system promotes the development of the tourism economy. However, it remains unclear which regions benefit most from ICH listing due to inherent differences in ICH resource endowments across regions. We address this issue by examining the impact of ICH listing on regional tourism development using China's prefecture‐level panel data from 2000 to 2019. By employing a two‐stage least squares methodology, we address the endogeneity issue and identify which regions derive the greatest benefits from ICH listing. Our findings reveal that regions with higher cultural diversity have more ICH resources and benefit more from ICH listings, resulting in positive effects on domestic and international tourism. Additionally, tangible cultural resources further amplify this relationship. These results underscore the importance of ICH protection and provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to leverage local ICH resources for regional tourism development.
Cell‐free biomimetic osteochondral scaffold for the treatment of knee articular surface lesions: Clinical outcomes differ based on patient and lesion characteristics
Authors: De Marziani Luca , Boffa Angelo , Andriolo Luca , Di Martino Alessandro , Romandini Iacopo , Solaro Luca , Zaffagnini Stefano , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Purpose

A cell‐free biomimetic osteochondral scaffold was developed to treat cartilage knee lesions, with positive clinical results documented in small case series. However, clear evidence on patient and lesion characteristics that might affect the outcome is still lacking. The aim of this study is to analyse a large cohort of patients treated with this scaffold to investigate factors that could influence the clinical outcome.

Methods

Two hundred and three patients (mean age 30.7 ± 10.9 years) treated with this scaffold were prospectively evaluated at baseline, 6‐, 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐up. The clinical outcome was analysed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and the activity level was assessed with the Tegner score. The influence of patient and lesion characteristics on clinical outcomes was analysed.

Results

Mild and severe adverse reactions were found in 39.0% and 1.5% of patients, respectively. The failure rate was 2.0%, increasing to 12.3% when including also clinical failures. The IKDC subjective score increased from 43.3 ± 15.9 to 61.0 ± 16.2 at 6 months, 68.3 ± 18.5 at 12 months and 73.8 ± 18.3 at 24 months (p < 0.0005). The Tegner improved from 2.5 ± 1.7 to 4.2 ± 1.7 at 24 months (p < 0.0005), without reaching the pre‐injury level (6.0 ± 2.2) (p < 0.0005). The IKDC objective score changed from 68.5% normal and nearly normal knees before the treatment to 90.1% at 24 months. At 24 months, age showed a correlation with the IKDC subjective score (ρ = −0.247; p < 0.0005), women had a lower score (p < 0.0005), as well as patients with patellar lesions (p = 0.002). Previous surgery correlated with lower results (p = 0.003), while better results were found in osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) compared to degenerative lesions (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

This cell‐free biomimetic scaffold is a safe and effective treatment for cartilage knee lesions, offering positive clinical results at 2 years with a low failure rate. Better outcomes were observed in younger patients, in lesions of the femoral condyles and in OCD, while joints affected by patellar lesions, patients who underwent previous knee surgery, and women may expect lower results.

Level of Evidence

Level III, cohort study.
Atmospheric Cold Plasma Pretreatment on Germination of Guar Bean Seeds: Effect on Germination Parameters, Bioactive Compounds, Antinutritional Factors, Functional Groups, and In Vitro Protein Digestibility
Authors: Kheto Ankan , Behera Ashish , Manikpuri Sakshi , Sehrawat Rachna , Gul Khalid , Kumar Lokesh
Published: August 2024

In this study, atmospheric cold plasma (CP; voltage: 15–25 kV and time: 30–120 s) was applied to guar bean seeds (GBS) and then germinated for 5 days to understand the germination ability based on the germination parameters and chlorophyll content. After that, carbohydrate, protein, bioactive compounds, antinutritional factors, and in vitro protein digestibility of germinated GBS were analyzed. The results showed that CP treatment has significantly (p < 0.05) affected the germination parameters, majorly germination percentage, root length, and chlorophyll content of GBS. The CP‐pretreated (20 kV for 90 s) germinated samples (on the fifth day) had maximum germination ability and less antinutritional factors. Similarly, the CP‐pretreated germinated samples (15 and 20 kV for 90 s) showed higher in vitro protein digestibility and bioactive compounds than others. Unfortunately, higher applied voltage and duration negatively affected the germination process. From principal component analysis, medium‐intensity CP treatment conditions were more effective in accelerating the germination process of GBS.
3D Printed PLA Porous Scaffolds with Engineered Cell Size and Porosity Promote the Effectiveness of the Kelvin Model for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Barzgar Torghabeh Arman , Barzgar Torghabeh Iman , Kafaee Razavi Morteza
Published: August 2024

In this study, the aim is to investigate the effect of engineering the cell size and porosity of 3D‐printed poly lactic acid (PLA) porous scaffolds from the Kelvin model for bone tissue engineering applications. The Kelvin model is used as a bone tissue scaffold with different cell sizes and porosities. PLA, as a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, is used to fabricate these scaffolds using the FDM technique. A compression test is used to evaluate the mechanical properties of scaffolds. The MTT assay has been used to investigate cell viability. For osteogenic differentiation studies, ALP activity and ARS assays are used. Increasing the porosity reduces the mechanical properties of the scaffold. While increasing the cell size at constant porosity increases the Young's modulus and yield stress in the samples, it is also observed that, in high porosities, the increase in cell size weakens the mechanical properties. Also, Kelvin model scaffolds help the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cells and have no toxic effect. It is demonstrated that this approach promotes the effectiveness of the Kelvin architecture for bone tissue engineering. As a result, designing the most suitable model based on cell size and porosity for the treatment process in the targeted area could be promising.
2D Atomic‐Molecular Heterojunctions toward Brainoid Applications
Authors: Shu Fan , Chen Weilin , Chen Yu , Liu Gang
Published: August 2024

Brainoid computing using 2D atomic crystals and their heterostructures, by emulating the human brain's remarkable efficiency and minimal energy consumption in information processing, poses a formidable solution to the energy‐efficiency and processing speed constraints inherent in the von Neumann architecture. However, conventional 2D material based heterostructures employed in brainoid devices are beset with limitations, performance uniformity, fabrication intricacies, and weak interfacial adhesion, which restrain their broader application. The introduction of novel 2D atomic‐molecular heterojunctions (2DAMH), achieved through covalent functionalization of 2D materials with functional molecules, ushers in a new era for brain‐like devices by providing both stability and tunability of functionalities. This review chiefly delves into the electronic attributes of 2DAMH derived from the synergy of polymer materials with 2D materials, emphasizing the most recent advancements in their utilization within memristive devices, particularly their potential in replicating the functionality of biological synapses. Despite ongoing challenges pertaining to precision in modification, scalability in production, and the refinement of underlying theories, the proliferation of innovative research is actively pursuing solutions. These endeavors illuminate the vast potential for incorporating 2DAMH within brain‐inspired intelligent systems, highlighting the prospect of achieving a more efficient and energy‐conserving computing paradigm.
Quantum (or q‐) operator equations and associated partial differential equations for bivariate Laguerre polynomials with applications to the q‐Hille‐Hardy type formulas
Authors: Cao Jian , Srivastava H. M. , Zhang Yue
Published: August 2024

Based on the extensive application of the
‐series and
‐polynomials including (for example) the
‐Laguerre polynomials in several fields of the mathematical and physical sciences, we attach great importance to the equations and related application issues involving the
‐Laguerre polynomials. The mission of this paper is to find the general
‐operational equation together with the expansion issue of the bivariate
‐Laguerre polynomials from the perspective of
‐partial differential equations. We also give some applications including some
‐Hille‐Hardy type formulas. In addition, we present the Rogers‐type formulas and the
‐type generating functions for the bivariate
‐Laguerre polynomials by the technique based upon
‐operational equations. Moreover, we derive a new generalized Andrews‐Askey integral and a new transformation identity involving the bivariate
‐Laguerre polynomials by applying
‐operational equations.
Normalized solutions for Chern–Simons–Schrödinger system with mixed dispersion and critical exponential growth
Authors: Wei Chenlu , Wen Lixi
Published: August 2024

This paper focuses on the existence of normalized solutions for the Chern–Simons–Schrödinger system with mixed dispersion and critical exponential growth. These solutions correspond to critical points of the underlying energy functional under the
‐norm constraint, namely,
. Under certain mild assumptions, we establish the existence of nontrivial solutions by developing new mathematical strategies and analytical techniques for the given system. These results extend and improve the results in the existing literature.