bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halal Tourism Campaign: Does It Demolish Conventional? A New Touristic Segment on the Island of Lombok
Authors: CAHYONO Heru , FAHRURROZI Muh , SUKARNOTO Toto , NURSAID Nursaid
Published: October 2023

A new segment, halal tourism, has been widely acknowledged and economically constitutes a spirit for societies' well-being improvement. The continuously growing Muslim population worldwide generates optimism that halal tourism is projected to be intensely consumed as it targets Muslims and non-Muslim travelers. This research then highlights how the halal tourism campaign impacts the existence of the conventional tourism industry on the island of Lombok. Phenomenology is a type of research formulated to answer research questions as it describes a phenomenon occurring at the research location. Processed data were systematically sourced from the first party in the form of structured interviews and participant observations involving hotel managers, government officials, tourism actors, academics, and related figures who fully understand the practice of halal tourism. Secondary sources (library research, document review) are analyzed in favor of the information sought. The study's results revealed that halal tourism practices are an added value to existing segments and can be adopted by non-Muslim tourism entrepreneurs. Halal tourism does not threaten conventional tourism, but its existence adds value to old products. Some challenges in response to halal tourism practice are discussed in this paper.
The Linkage between Modern HR Management and Activities to Improve Performance in Tourism Development Trends in the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: SEJFIJAJ Osman , SHEHU Ermira
Published: October 2023

The intention of this research is to expand process leaders' contributions leveraging modern human resources procedures and practices for the advancement of the performance of tourist enterprises in the field of Kosovar tourism. Determining and measuring the variables with the greatest impact and those with the least impact is one of the determinants of the level of staff performance in the tourism sector. The results show that relationships in the coordination of management actions have a favorable impact on raising the bar for work outcomes and accomplishments as well as the growth of these human resources in Kosovar businesses. Human resources from Kosovar tourism enterprises should be considered a strategic development partner. As a result of the implementation of the methods and processes of the development of the successful global employee, the satisfaction of visitors and tourists with the products and services offered is also confirmed. This scientific research will serve as a good scientific reference base for tourism enterprises, the managers of these enterprises as well as the levels of policy-making at both the central and regional, that the recognition of influencing factors and the implementation of contemporary management methods, yet, forcefully encourages the productivity and advancement of staff.
Earthquake, COVID, and the Economic Survival: How Tourism Entrepreneurs in Lombok Survived During the Double Disaster
Authors: BAIHAQI Muh. , SALAHUDDIN Muh. , NURRAHMAH Nurrahmah , NURHILAIATI Nurhilaiati , NASUTION Dewi Sartika
Published: October 2023

This study aims to map the economic survival strategies of tourism entrepreneurs during the disaster period (earthquake and COVID-19) on Lombok Island. The research methods were documentation, interview, and observation. Documentation used to collect the government's policies in the economic, banking, and financial sectors. Interviews were conducted with tourism entrepreneurs in relation to their economic survival steps and strategies. Observation was used to see the economic survival activities carried out by tourism businesses. In this study found that the Indonesian and West Nusa Tenggara regional governments issued an economic policy in the relation with earthquake and covid disasters. Based on these government policies, tourism sector economic entrepreneurs survive in disaster conditions, and create other sources outside the tourism sector as a source of family economics. The survival economy of tourism entrepreneurs during the disaster period was by changing professions as traders with family savings capital, involving all resources in the family to meet household needs, and utilizing several strategic government economic policies during the disaster time.
Tourism and Gender: Safety for Women Travelers, Enhancing Gender Equality and Combating Violence Against Women
Authors: BAYANBAYEVA Aigerim , TURARBEKOVA Akmaral , NURMUKHANBET Daniyar , BALMAGAMBETOVA Venera , KALA Nagima , SABITOV Serik , MYTALYAPOVA Aiman
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyze the safety of women tourists, which includes strategies for promoting gender equality and combating violence against women in the tourism industry with specific reference to the context of Kazakhstan. The article outlines the essential strategies for breaking barriers and fostering a gender-equal environment in the tourism industry. It stresses the importance of comprehensive training programs, supportive work environments, policies and programs that support women's leadership and representation in decision-making processes in tourism, addressing the wage gap, creating a safe environment, establishing policies and procedures for handling complaints and offering assistance to victims. Documentary analysis methodology involved the systematic examination and interpretation of relevant documents, reports, publications, international conventions, and declarations related to gender equality and violence against women in the tourism sector. The findings of this study underline the significance of collaboration with various stakeholders including governments, tourism organizations, businesses, and civil society, and advocacy for legal reforms in creating systemic change. The documentary analysis revealed key strategies for ensuring the safety of women travelers. This includes implementing technological and security innovations, such as mobile applications for security and video monitoring. Additionally, it is crucial to offer women-only transportation and accommodation options. Gender-sensitive training was also identified as an essential component for tourism professionals.
Evaluating Quality of Hospitals Websites for Medical Tourism in Indonesia
Authors: NURFIKRI Ari , ROSELINA Elsa , HIDAYAT Abas
Published: October 2023

The trend of medical tourism in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to other Southeast Asian countries, considering that the hospitals’ service promotion through websites is ineffective. Website quality testing is needed to evaluate each hospital so that they have more advanced marketing in a more competitive digital world. This study aimed to see the difference between the scores of four dimensions: accessibility, experience, marketing, and technology, on hospital websites based on province, class, accreditation, and hospital ownership. This study used a quantitative approach in testing score differences in website quality with the Nibbler tools application. The secondary data are taken from the hospital website under the Ministry of Health in the Capital City of Jakarta and Banten, Indonesia. Data bivariate analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The result shows that accessibility significantly differed in accreditation; in the marketing dimension, significant differences were found between province, class, accreditation, and hospital ownership. Significant differences in experience dimension were also discovered between class, accreditation, and hospital ownership. Further, the dimension of technology had a significant difference in terms of hospital ownership.
Money matters: How social class shapes students’ understandings of financing their education
Authors: McKinnon-Crowley Saralyn , Duncan-Buchanan Ashli , Epstein Eliza , Jabbar Huriya , Schudde Lauren
Published: October 2023

Higher education is increasingly expensive, and access disparities by race and social class exist. Yet, we lack nuance in the scholarly literature about students’ understandings of how they finance their college education. We examine how class-based differences influence how students finance college education. We draw on concepts from economic sociology and sensemaking to examine how class backgrounds shape students’ meaning-making of finance and funding their college education. Through interviews with 56 community college students, we examine what money means to students and how that varies across classes, with implications for transfer decisions and outcomes. We surface important implications for students’ behaviors and decisions in college.
Mechanical Properties of Slab Ballastless Track Subjected to Combined Effects of Loading and Temperature
Authors:   Chongqing Jiaotong University, Yao Guowen
Published: October 2023

Temperature has a significant impact on the structural performance of the China Railway Track System (CRTS) Ⅱ slab ballastless track-bridge and the structure is susceptible to fatigue damage under long-term loading. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct cyclic-loading test on the track-bridge structure to reveal the evolution of its mechanical properties under coupled temperature-load effect. In this study, a 1:4 scaled-down model of a ballastless track-bridge was produced and placed in a large-size environmental chamber for temperature-load coupled cyclic-loading tests. The results showed that after 1×10^6 cycles of loading, no cracks were observed on the surface of the track structure. The structural workability and load capacity of the track-bridge met the required service standards. During the temperature-load coupling test, the load-displacement curves of the structural system exhibited intervals, with a more significant increase in static-deflection values. The dynamic deflection of the structural system under the coupling action experienced a higher growth rate and more abrupt changes compared to single-load conditions. These observations indicated that the ambient temperature amplified the deflection of the structural system. The strain values in the track structure exhibited significant non-linearity, with temperature amplifying this effect. The dynamic-response test results revealed a negative correlation between the inherent frequency of the track structure and the ambient temperature, further emphasizing the influence of temperature on the stability of the track structure. Consequently, it is essential to enhance the monitoring of track structures in high-temperature climates to ensure their safe operation.
Deep Learning-based Land-cover Change Detection in Remote-sensing Imagery
Authors:   Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Andrushia A. Diana
Published: October 2023

With the significant advancement in deep-learning methods and their feature representation, deep-learning methods are more prevalent in solving change-detection tasks. The prime purpose of change detection is to detect the changes on the surface of the earth. In this work, an end-to-end encoder-decoder architecture is used to detect the changes in the land cover. The proposed method uses residual U-Net to find land-cover image changes. The UNet structure is used as the backbone of the network. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been experimented through LEVIR-CD datasets. The results showed that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques and gives reliable results. These techniques can be used to examine changes in the earth's crest due to natural events, such as landslides, earthquakes, erosion and geo-hazards or human activity, like mining and development. KEYWORDS: Change detection, Remote sensing, Residual UNet, Deep learning, Land cover, Climate.
An Analytical Solution of Frost Heaving Pressure for Cold-region Tunnel Considering Freeze-thaw Cycles and in-situ Stress
Authors:   South China University of Technology, Jiang Wang-Tao
Published: October 2023

The damage caused by the frost heaving pressure on the surrounding rocks and lining structure of cold-region tunnels is always common, which can seriously threaten the safety and stability for cold-region tunnels. Although many achievements of frost heave pressure model have been obtained, two factors have been often ignored, which are in-situ stress and freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, the calculation mechanical model of coldregion tunnels is established and the expression of frost heaving pressure considering frost heaving effect and in-situ stress is derived based on the elastic theory. The relationship between the elastic modulus of surrounding rocks and the number of freeze-thaw cycles was fitted by experimental data and the calculation formula of frost heaving rate of rocks considering their porosity change caused by freeze-thaw cycles is derived. Based on that, the calculation method of frost heaving pressure considering in-situ stress and freeze-thaw cycles is proposed. The example analysis results show that frost heaving ratio and frost heaving pressure gradually increase with freeze-thaw cycles, which are eventually subjected to a steady value. Simultaneously, the frost heaving pressure acting on lining increases with in-situ stress for tunnels in cold regions and some effective insulation measures should be applied to prevent frost damage. KEYWORDS: Frost heaving pressure, Cold-region tunnels, Freeze-thaw cycles, Analytical solution, Zero-frost heave displacemen
Reinforcement Learning in Urban Network Traffic-signal Control
Authors:   Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Kharabsheh Eslam
Published: October 2023

Traffic-signal recognition and anticipation are essential for advanced driver-assistance systems. Due to its superior performance in data categorization, deep learning has gained significance in vision-based object identification in recent years. When examining the application of deep learning to develop a high-performance urban traffic-signal detection system, the input image's colour space, as well as the deep-learning network model are examined as part of the system's primary components. Using distinct network models based on the Faster R-CNN algorithm and colour spaces in simulations helps the RGB (red, green and blue) colour space and the Faster R-CNN model detects the method of network target. A series of fundamental convolutional networks is used depending on pooling layers to extract the features of maps of images for training datasets, where the data may be used to develop a system for traffic-signal detection and create a new traffic signal that requires image recognition. KEYWORDS: Bounding boxes, Faster R-CNN, Modelled environments, Simulation, Traffic-signal detecting system.
RIVER DEBRIS TRANSPORT PLANNING FROM SOURCE TO PUTRI CAMPO FINAL PROCESSING PLACE, SURAKARTA CITY
Authors: Sari Mega Mutiara , Inoue Takanobu , Harryes Regil Kentaurus , Yokota Kuriko , Septiariva Iva Yenis , Suhardono Sapta , Kato Shigeru , Notodarmojo Suprihanto , Nafisah Aninda Putri , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: October 2023

The waste from the river is one of the obstacles in managing the Bengawan Solo River, Surakarta City. River debris is usually collected in tributaries so as not to carry the pollutant load to the watershed, causing flooding, and then transported to the Final Processing Site (TPA). This study aims to analyze the waste transportation system from the source to the landfill. This research was conducted by direct observation and using Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) for determination. Alternative waste transportation used are haul container system (HCS) and stationary container system (SCS). The criteria used are the number of ritations, price, ease of transportation, potential damage, maintenance, and type of container. Based on the weighting results on the MAUT analysis, transportation with the SCS method has a higher weight than the HCS method.
Beneficial effects of biochar application on mitigating the drought and salinity stress implications on plants
Authors: Anil Patani  , Dharmendra Prajapati  , Sachidanand Singh  , Yuriy Enakiev  , Snezhan Bozhkov  , Jabborova Dilfuza , Chinmayi Joshi
Published: October 2023

Biochar, an amorphous and highly porous carbonaceous substance derived from the thermal decomposition of organic matter, has been empirically proven to enhance soil water retention capacity, mitigate soil salinity, and augment nutrient bioavailability. Consequently, these improvements exert a stimulating influence on the growth and development of medicinal plants. Numerous scientific investigations have corroborated that the incorporation of biochar into the cultivation of medicinal flora can lead to increased plant biomass, heightened photosynthetic efficiency, and augmented accumulation of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the utilization of biochar exhibits the potential to curtail the necessity for chemical fertilizers, which can otherwise have deleterious effects on soil health and the environment. A comprehensive comprehension of biochar's prospective role as a sustainable, long-term strategy for augmenting the productivity and resilience of medicinal plant cultivation in arid and saline environments holds paramount importance for ensuring a consistent supply of medicinal plants in the forthcoming years. This review aims to delve into the mechanistic foundations underpinning the beneficial impacts of biochar on plant development and the accumulation of bioactive constituents. It also explores the feasibility of biochar as a sustainable instrument for enhancing the cultivation of medicinal plants under adverse environmental conditions.
Promising bioactive properties of (2R,5S)-2,5-dimethylpiperazine-1,4-diium dinitrate material: experimental, theoretical and in silico investigation
Authors: Gatfaoui Sofian , ISSAOUI Noureddine , Kazachenko Aleksandr S. , Al-Dossary Omar M. , Kumar Naveen , Roisnel Thierry , Marouani Houda , Kazachenko Anna S. , Malyar Yuriy N.
Published: October 2023

The present study investigates the physicochemical and biological properties of a novel inorganic-organic hybrid material called (2R,5S)-2,5-dimethylpiperazine-1,4-diium dinitrate (RSDPN). This material was synthesized under mild conditions and crystallized to the monoclinic system with space group P21/c. The organic portion of the structure forms bifurcated N–H⋯O and weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the nitrate anions, resulting in wavy layers parallel to the (100) plane. The integration of organic and inorganic elements in the RSDPN compound is evident through infrared absorption spectroscopy. In order to comprehensively examine the structural, electrical, and biological properties, a DFT approach was employed. Various analysis techniques such as Hirshfeld surfaces analysis (HS), Atoms-In-Molecules (AIM), Reduced Density Gradient (RDG), and Electron Localized Function (ELF) were utilized to visualize and quantify the intermolecular interactions and types of hydrogen bonds that contribute to the stability and cohesion of the structure. The title compound exhibits remarkable stability and strong electrophilic activity, both of which are common characteristics in physiologically active compounds, as indicated by frontier orbital analysis. Thermal examination revealed a two-stage breakdown process where the substance ignites, producing volatile fumes and a dark carbonaceous residue. Molecular docking analysis suggests that RSDPN inhibitors hold potential for the treatment of Parkinson’s, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Overall, this study provides a detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of the RSDPN compound, shedding light on its physicochemical and biological properties, and highlighting its potential applications in the field of therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative disorders.
Assessing the impact of villagization program on land use land cover dynamics in Benishangul-Gumuz, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Aysheshim Aweke , Ayal Desalegn Yayeh , Mulugeta Messay
Published: October 2023

Planning for continuing natural resource management requires current information on the dynamics of land use and land cover. The aim of this paper was to analyze the impacts of the villagization program on land use land cover dynamics in Benishangul-Gumuz region, western Ethiopia. The study has employed a mixed-method research design using both primary and secondary sources. Multispectral LANDSAT satellite images with a 30 m resolution were acquired for land use land cover change detection between the years 1999, 2009, and 2022. Arc GIS 10.8, QGIS 3.28, ERDAS Imagine 2014, and Microsoft Excel software were used for image classification, accuracy assessment, and change detection. Six different land use land cover types: forest land, shrub and grassland, cultivated land, residential, bare land, and water bodies were identified between 1999 and 2022. The trends indicated a dramatic decrease at the rate of 27.2 ha of forestland, 17.1 ha of shrub and grassland, and 4.6 ha of water bodies per year, while the share of cultivated land, residential, and bare land has expanded at an average rate of 34.3 ha, 11.7 ha, and 2.9 ha per year respectively between 1999 and 2022. The phenomenon was caused by added population pressure due to villagization program, which in turn triggered farmland expansion and deforestation. It is recommended that raising local community awareness, reforestation, practicing land use plans, and promoting successful livelihood diversification could help to alleviate the issue and reroute the course of events in order to achieve sustainable natural resource management.
The use of animal manure for improving chemical properties of degraded Ultisol, yield, and secondary metabolic of Zingiber montanum
Authors: Palupi Nurul Puspita , Kesumaningwati Roro , Subeki Subeki , Mujiono Kadis , Sofian Sofian , Paramita Swandari , Arung Enos Tangke
Published: October 2023

Ultisols in Indonesia have the potential for agricultural development, but the soils have low pH and nutrient contents that hinder plant growth and yield. Using animal manure can be an alternative to improve soil productivity and crop yields. This study aimed to examine the effects of animal manure on the chemical properties of Ultisol, yield, and secondary metabolic of Zingiber montanum. The treatments tested were combinations of types of manure (cow and chicken manure) and manure application levels, namely P0 (control), P1 (cow manure 20 t/ha), P2 (cow manure 40 t/ha), P3 (cow manure 60 t/ha), P4 (chicken manure 20 t/ha), P5 (chicken manure 40 t/ha), and P6 (chicken manure 60 t/ha). The results showed that the application of chicken manure of 60 t/ha increased N and P contents of the soil, and the application of cow manure of 60 t/ha increased soil cation exchange capacity. The application of cow manure of 60 t/ha gave the highest plant height, the number of leaves, and the number of at 18 weeks after planting, while the application of chicken manure dose of 60 t/ha produced the longest plant roots. The highest fresh and dry rhizome weight was observed for the 60 t/ha cow manure treatment. The highest secondary metabolic levels in each parameter were found in dry rhizomes (phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin) and fresh rhizomes (phenolic and flavonoid), with the highest tannin compound in the treatment of 40 t chicken manure/ha. The application of chicken manure at a dose of 60 t/ha resulted in a strong antioxidant yield in fresh and dry rhizomes.
Spatial models of rice fields change and sustainable agriculture in Solok District, West Sumatra Province
Authors: Umar Iswandi , Arif Dian Adhetya
Published: October 2023

Indonesia is an agricultural country and one of the world's rice-producing countries. However, the increase in population has pushed for the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes. Solok is a district with the largest paddy field area in West Sumatra. Yet, the increase in population has resulted in a decrease in paddy fields every year. This study aimed to determine the model for changing the area of paddy fields for the 2000-2020 period and determine the direction of sustainable agricultural policies. In defining the paddy field change model, this research uses the input data from the interpretation of 2000 Landsat 5 imagery, 2010 Landsat 7 imagery, and 2020 Landsat Oli 8 imagery. The data were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS). This research employed the Powersim Software with a system dynamics approach in projecting rice production and demand. This research used Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis to determine the direction of sustainable food policy. The results showed that there had been a conversion of 13,801.6 hectares of paddy agricultural land into a built-up area in the 2000-2020 period in Solok District. In 2020, Solok District supplied 2,838 thousand tons of rice, while the demand for rice was 446.3 thousand tons. In the direction of the sustainable agriculture policy, there are three key sub-elements; tightening land use permits, establishing and implementing spatial planning regulations, and consistency in enforcing spatial planning violation laws.
Spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater level trends and recharge rate estimation in the unconfined aquifer of Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Razi Muhammad Haikal , Wilopo Wahyu , Putra Doni Prakasa Eka
Published: October 2023

Groundwater is the primary water resource used for domestic, industrial, and agricultural needs for the community in the Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin area. The urbanization rate has increased since the 1970s and has made massive use of groundwater, causing environmental problems, including the quality and quantity of groundwater. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal groundwater fluctuation trends based on the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and recharge rate estimation using the water table fluctuation (WTF) method. The groundwater level data were collected from monitoring wells across the study area during 2018-2022, particularly emphasizing 8 wells representing recharge, transition, and discharge areas. The results showed that the groundwater fluctuation pattern generally followed the season. During the rainy season from January to April, groundwater reached the shallowest level and began to decline gradually when it entered the dry season from May to October. Groundwater recharge rate was estimated to vary from 171.49 to 1,505.56 mm/year. Meanwhile, the Mann-Kendall test showed that most of the Yogyakarta-Sleman Groundwater Basin area did not experience significant fluctuation trends, except for two monitoring wells in the center of Yogyakarta City which had increasing groundwater level trends. The rising groundwater levels were expected to be caused by urban wastewater recharge. This study has provided a new description and insights into spatiotemporal changes in the groundwater table and the quantification of groundwater recharge.
Anthropogenic activity effect on water quality of epikarst spring in the western part of Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Riyanto Indra Agus , Cahyadi Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Epikarst springs are the main source of water used by the community in the western part of Gunungsewu Karst Area. One of the springs found in Gunungsewu karst area is Guntur Spring, with a catchment area that functions as agricultural land and settlements. Guntur Spring has connectivity between swallow holes and karst windows, so the spring can easily be polluted; therefore, a temporal study is needed regarding the water quality. The methods used were analysis of water quality standards, Schoeller diagrams, triangular Piper diagrams, and scatter plots. The results of the analysis of water quality standards showed that only Ca2+ and HCO3- ions and a small portion of Na+ exceeded WHO standards. The results of the Schoeller diagram analysis showed that the dominant ions were Ca2+ and HCO3-. The results of the Piper diagram analysis showed that the Guntur Spring is included in the classification of types I, J, and M, indicating the spring is not polluted. The results of the Piper diagrams showed that Guntur Spring is included in the dominant types of types C, A, G, D, and F, indicating the springs are not included in the polluted category. The scatter plot analysis of the Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus HCO3- + SO42- showed that the dominant ion in the Guntur Spring came from the dissolving of limestone. The scatter plot analysis of HCO3- versus Na+ indicated that the main process that forms Guntur Spring ions is not the dissolving process of silicates. The scatter plot analysis of Cl- - SO42- versus Na+ indicated that the main process that forms Guntur Spring ions is not the dissolving process of sodium/sodium sulfate and halite. There was one sample in the Cl- versus Na+ scatter plot analysis that showed an indication of an anthropogenic pollution. However, the overall analysis showed that anthropogenic activities in the study area do have a major impact on the water quality of the epikarst springs at the study site.
Models of Pb distribution and uptake in inundated paddy and maize cropping systems
Authors: Nopriani Leny Sri , Prayogo Cahyo , Soemarno Soemarno , Atikah Atikah , Kusuma Zaenal
Published: October 2023

High-traffic highway crossing agricultural fields impacts the quality of food crops grown on Vertisol agricultural fields in Pasuruan. Lead (Pb) released from the exhaust of motor vehicles into the air can eventually enter the soil and be absorbed by plants. This study aimed to examine the effect of Pb from exhaust motor vehicles emission on the Pb status and its behavior in soil, water, and plants. The study was initiated by conducting a survey to determine the sampling locations in selected inundated paddy and maize cropping systems. A stratified random sampling method was used to collect soil, water, and plant samples. The soil of the study area is dominated by Vertisol, with clay content ranging from 54% to 76%. The soil attributes a high cation exchange capacity ranging from 80.53 meq 100 g-1 to 93.57 meq 100 g-1. Pb emitted from 2,913,000 vehicles within four months period that entered the agricultural field was not absorbed by paddy and maize crops. Pb entered the soil in the adsorbed form, and no Pb was observed in the soluble form, so it was not absorbed by the roots. In the paddy field, the total Pb of 84.33% was influenced by pollutant distance. Likewise, in the maize field, 83.18% of total Pb was influenced by pollutant distance. The far the pollutant distance from the agricultural field, the lower its total Pb. Paddy field water is adsorbed onto the colloidal clay, which is dispersed due to inundation and sloughing of the paddy, moving with the clay and then dissolved in the water flow.
Electricity production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) through the integration of a microbial fuel cell and bilirubin oxidase-producing bacteria
Authors: Thipraksa Junjira , Michu Panisa , Chaijak Pimprapa
Published: October 2023

The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device that harnesses microbial metabolism to convert chemical energy into bio-electrical energy. Extensive research has demonstrated its efficacy in both wastewater treatment and power generation applications. This study focused on the integration of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a biocathode constructed using the oxidoreductase-producing bacterium Bacillus sp. MCO22 and rice straw as a cost-effective substrate. The MFC utilized palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a chemical energy source for electricity generation in the anodic chamber. The ability of the MFC was evaluated by monitoring biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) activity and electrochemical properties. Post-operation, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal were measured. The results revealed that the MFC with the BOD-based cathode achieved a maximum current density and power density of 0.58±0.01 A/m2 and 0.17±0.00 W/m2, respectively. Furthermore, it exhibited high COD and color removal rates of 95.10±0.10% and 98.53±0.33%, respectively, without requiring an external power supply. This study presents novel insights into utilizing a BOD-producing bacterium as a whole-cell biocatalyst on the MFC cathodic surface for both electricity generation and agricultural wastewater treatment.
Utilization of post-tin mining land for porang (Amorphaphillus oncophyllus) cultivation by application of cow manure compost
Authors: Inonu Ismed , Pratama Deni , Irwanto Riko , Ningsih Kurniahayati Utami
Published: October 2023

Tailing post-tin mining land has a sandy textured and loose structure. Those physical properties can affect the efficiency of fertilization and cause inefficiency of nutrient absorption in plants. That issue can be corrected by the application of organic material such as cow manure compost which has the potential for plant cultivation, especially for “porang” (Amorphaphillus oncophyllus Prain). This study aimed to examine the cultivation of porang plants in post-tin mining tailings by applying cow manure compost and to determine the best dose of cow manure compost for porang cultivation in artificial ex-tin mining land. This study used a single-group randomized design method with the treatment factor being the dose of cow manure compost consisting of five dose levels (5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1, and 25 t ha-1). Each treatment level was replicated with five replications, and each replication consisted of five populations so the total population was 125 plants. The results showed that the application of various doses of cow manure compost to artificial post-tin mining land affected the growth and yield of porang plants. The treatment of cow manure compost at a dose of 25 t ha-1 gave the best growth and yield of porang plants. Heavy metal (Pb) analysis on porang tubers showed that all doses of cow manure compost had a Pb content value of <0.059%, which means that cow manure compost can reduce heavy metal uptake in porang tubers. Porang planted in artificial post-tin mining land is safe for consumption because lead (Pb) content was below the threshold of Indonesia National Standard (SNI) for food.
Manipulation of calcareous soil pH for temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrizha Roxb.) cultivation
Authors: Roviq Mochammad , Karyawati Anna Satyana , Sholihah Puri Kholifatush , Nihayati Ellis
Published: October 2023

Temulawak or Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrizha Roxb.) has great adaptability and is tolerant of low light intensity; therefore, it may be planted on calcareous soil under teak stands. However, temulawak may thrive in soils with a pH of 5.0-6.5 and plenty of organic matter. Calcareous or alkaline soils have problems with high pH and low organic matter. These conditions can be improved with soil amendments. Manure and other soil amendments can remedy soil structure, chemistry, and organisms. Sulfur is generally used to lower soil pH. Sulfur is a structural component of several coenzymes, chloroplasts, and vitamins essential for plant metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of manure and sulfur fertilizer on temulawak yield and quality grown on calcareous soil beneath teak stands. This study used a completely randomized block design with two factors: manure doses of 10, 15, and 20 t ha-1 and ZA doses of 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1. According to the findings, the soil pH to increase the rhizome’s fresh weight per clump is between 5.72 and 6.00. In terms of curcuminoid content and antioxidant activity, the soil pH required by temulawak ranges from 5.94 to 6.61.
Drought-tolerant lines of Physalis angulata L. improved growth, yield, and water use efficiency in drylands
Authors: Yamika Wiwin Sumiya Dwi , Dewi Nevy Kusuma , Waluyo Budi , Aini Nurul , Sebayang Husni Thamrin
Published: October 2023

Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) has the potential to be developed in various areas, including dryland. Information on drought-tolerant varieties, lines, or genotypes is needed for the development of cutleaf groundcherry in dryland. Selecting drought-tolerant lines is an alternative for alleviating yield loss potency caused by water shortages. A pot experiment that aimed to investigate the response of cutleaf groundcherry lines to a different level of water deficit, expressed in field capacity (FC), was run in two factors of factorial randomized block design. Each line (PA-01, PA-03, PA-05, PA-08) was set up in water deficit treatment (100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% FC). The result showed that vegetative growth and fruit production, such as fruit number and weight, mainly decreased at 60 or 40 % FC. In contrast, TSS increased at a higher water deficit which was in line with total flavonoid content, even inconsistently. PA-03 and PA-08 experienced a reduction in fruit weight at 40% FC, whereas other lines occurred at 60% FC. Water use efficiency (WUE) increased under severe water stress. Compared to other lines, PA-03 and PA-08 exhibit higher WUE at 60% FC. In conclusion, PA-03 and PA-08 lines were tolerant of water deficit.
Synthesis of slow-release fertilizer with coconut shell biochar and activated natural zeolite for red onion (Allium ascalonium)
Authors: Permana Edwin , Aulia Kiranti , Aziz Herman , Murti Sri Djangkung Sumbogo
Published: October 2023

Using fertilizers is one of the efforts to increase crop productivity, but conventional fertilizers tend to be easily leached so it becomes ineffective. Slow-release fertilizer (SRF) is a modified fertilizer that releases nutrients slowly or gradually so that the use of fertilizer becomes more effective. SRF can be synthesized by mixing fertilizers with zeolite as a slow-release agent. Because natural zeolite contains many impurities that cover the pores of the zeolite, it is necessary to carry out an activation process to increase the pore capacity of the zeolite so that the process of absorption of nutrients in the SRF becomes more leverage. This study aimed to synthesize NPKSMg slow-release fertilizer with coconut shell biochar and activated natural zeolite for red onion plants (Allium ascalonium). Coconut shell biochar was used as a source of potassium. The activation process of natural zeolite was carried out by the desilication method using a basic solution of NaOH as an activator. Based on the results of research using activated natural zeolite on SRF, the surface structure of SRF became more porous, with a porosity percentage of 69.31%. In addition, the use of activated natural zeolites increased the absorption of nutrients in fertilizers. The use of biochar in SRF increased the percentage of porosity by 66.32%. The use of coconut shell biochar as a matrix and activated natural zeolite as a slow-release agent in SRF NPK S Mg for red onion plants has succeeded in increasing red onion yields.
Sustainable alternative livelihood for sand miners in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia: application of the PROMETHEE method
Authors: Suhartini S , Prasetyo Hendro , Gutama Wisynu Ari , Maulana Muhammad Fajar , Jihad Baroroh Nur , Lasitya Daffa Sandi , Khusni Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Sand mining activities on agricultural land and rivers in Bambang Village, Wajak District, Malang Regency, have been ongoing for a long time. The sand mining activities on private agricultural lands, besides being illegal, also damage the land and the environment. In addition, these sand mining activities are also unsustainable. This study aimed to analyze and formulate sustainable alternative livelihoods of sand miners on agricultural lands in Bambang Village, Wajak District, Malang Regency, based on local resources. The study method was carried out using a combination of case studies and survey methods, accompanied by in-depth interviews and field observation. The in-depth interviews were conducted by interviewing 60 respondents for key informants from miners, farmers, many stakeholders, and experts that were selected purposively. The data obtained were analyzed using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA), namely PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Methods for Enrichment Evaluation) program to formulate sustainable alternative livelihoods. The results showed that the best alternative sustainable livelihood at this location is agriculture. The second best alternative sustainable livelihood is ecotourism, the third is animal husbandry, and the fourth is informal sectors based on local resources. The government should support the development of agriculture, ecotourism, animal husbandry, and the informal sectors in the village.
The effectiveness of post-mining land rehabilitation policy in realizing environmental sustainability: Lessons from Sukageuri View, Kuningan, West Java
Authors: Akhmaddhian Suwari , Supartono Toto , Anugrah Dikha , Hidayat Sarip , Budiman Haris , Yuhandra Erga , Setiawan Wawan
Published: October 2023

The effective management of natural resources is critical in achieving environmental sustainability, and it requires a careful balance of ecological and economic interests. Therefore, this study analyzed the effectiveness of village government policy in managing post-mining land for environmental sustainability using a non-doctrinal legal approach. Primary data were collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data came from regulations, scientific journals, and papers related to post-mining land rehabilitation governance. The study was conducted in Sukageuri View, Kuningan Regency. The study found that the policy implemented by the Cisantana Village Government in managing post-mining land through the establishment of the Village-Owned Enterprise (VOE) in 2016 has been effective. The area, formerly known as Sukageuri View, is home to various flora and fauna species, with several businesses operating and over 114,000 visitors engaging in social activities in 2022. Additionally, the site has contributed to the village's original income and supported the work program of the Cisantana Village Government. In conclusion, the policy implemented by the Cisantana Village Government effectively balances ecological, social, and economic factors, meeting the criteria for environmental sustainability.
Reallocation of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase the income of vegetable farmers and prevent land degradation
Authors: Pudjiastuti Agnes Quartina , Kaluge David , Widowati Widowati
Published: October 2023

The study, which aimed to analyze the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides using the Cobb-Douglas production function approach and their reallocation to increase the income of vegetable farmers and prevent land degradation, was conducted in Sumberejo Village, Batu City, Indonesia. Data were collected from 138 pakcoy (Brassica rapa), celery (Apium graveolens), and red chili (Capsicum annuum) farmers through interviews using a questionnaire. The relationship between input and output was analyzed by regression with the Cobb-Douglas production function. Data validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests were performed to ensure the goodness of fit regression model. Furthermore, the F test and t-test were applied to analyze production response to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This study revealed that the modeled regression equation is appropriate, where R2 = 0.827-0.933. Vegetable production gives a different response to the use of chemical fertilizers (TSP, Urea, and NPK) and pesticides. Increasing this chemical in pakcoy and celery farming is possible, but it needs to be considered because it has no significant effect on increasing production. The productivity of these two types of plants is relatively high. Farmers need to compare the costs of adding these inputs to additional income and the possibility of land degradation. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been excessive in red chili farming, so productivity is very low. There are indications that the land has been degraded, but to be sure, a study is needed on the chemical content of the vegetable fields in Sumberejo Village and the optimal use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Analysis of heat conductivity mechanisms in PbSnTe solid solutions
Authors: Khshanovska O.Z , Halushchak M.O. , Matkivskyi O.M. , Horichok I.V.
Published: October 2023

In the paper, a theoretical calculation of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of solid solutions of PbSnTe was carried out. The contribution of phonon scattering on substitution atoms to the effect of reducing thermal conductivity has been established. The composition of the PbSnTe solid solution, characterized by the lowest values of the lattice component of the thermal conductivity coefficient klat, was determined. The concentration of intrinsic charge carriers in solid solutions is calculated and their influence on the thermoelectric parameters of the material is shown.
Thermoluminescence properties of nano-alumina with two different particle sizes
Authors: Mammadov S. , Gurbanov M. , Ahmadzade L. , Abishov A.
Published: October 2023

This research aims to examine the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of nano-sized alumina, including the relationship between TL intensity and absorbed dose, the identification of individual luminescence peaks, and determining trap parameters for use as a possible dosimeter. The samples were exposed to 530 to 2646 Gy doses from 60Co irradiation. The results show that micro-sized α-Al2O3 had a main dosimetry peak at Tm = 435 K, while nano-α-Al2O3 samples with particle sizes of 40 and 50 nm displayed a TL luminescence glow curve, with the primary dosimetry peak located in the low-temperature range and a complex structure at higher temperatures (above 500 K). The primary dosimetry peak was influenced by nanoparticle size, with a maximum of 460 K for the 40 nm sample and 467 K for the 50 nm sample. The main dosimetry peak was described by the superposition of two peaks
ZARAR SİGORTALARINDA “LÜTUF ÖDEMESİ” (EX GRATIA) KAVRAMI VE HALEFİYET İLİŞKİSİ İLE REASÜRANS SÖZLEŞMELERİ AÇISINDAN BAŞLICA HUKUKİ SONUÇLARI
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Semih Sırrı
Published: October 2023

Lütuf ödemesi, sigorta sözleşmesine yönelik parasal karşılığı olan bir talebin, yükümlülük altında bulunmamasına rağmen, bu yöndeki iradesine dayalı olarak, sigortacı tarafından karşılanması olarak tanımlanabilir. Kavramın sınırlarının tespiti, uygulamada hem sigorta hem de reasürans sözleşmeleri açısından yapılan tazminat ödemelerinin hukuki sonuçlarının anlaşılabilmesi için önemlidir. Belirtilen çerçevede çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, ex gratia kavramına ve lütuf ödemesinin tanımına yer verilmekte; bu çerçevede, oluşturduğu sonuçlar açısından, sigortacının iradesi, amaçları ve bu ödemenin görünüm biçimleri ayrı ayrı incelenmektedir. İkinci bölümde, kavramın hukuki niteliği, borç tanıması ve bağış ihtimalleri üzerinden irdelenmektedir. Son bölümde ise, lütuf ödemesine sigorta ve reasürans sözleşmesi açısından bağlanan sonuçlar, ilgili yargı kararlarının incelenmesi suretiyle açıklanmaktadır.