bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural properties of magnetic nanoparticles determine their heating behavior - an estimation of the in vivo heating potential
Authors: Ludwig Robert , Stapf Marcus , Dutz Silvio , Müller Robert , Teichgräber Ulf , Hilger Ingrid
Published: November 2014

Magnetically induced heating of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in an alternating magnetic field (AMF) is a promising minimally invasive tool for localized tumor treatment by sensitizing or killing tumor cells with the help of thermal stress. Therefore, the selection of MNP exhibiting a sufficient heating capacity (specific absorption rate, SAR) to achieve satisfactory temperatures in vivo is necessary. Up to now, the SAR of MNP is mainly determined using ferrofluidic suspensions and may distinctly differ from the SAR in vivo due to immobilization of MNP in tissues and cells. The aim of our investigations was to study the correlation between the SAR and the degree of MNP immobilization in dependence of their physicochemical features.

In this study, the included MNP exhibited varying physicochemical properties and were either made up of single cores or multicores. Whereas the single core MNP exhibited a core size of approximately 15 nm, the multicore MNP consisted of multiple smaller single cores (5 to 15 nm) with 65 to 175 nm diameter in total. Furthermore, different MNP coatings, including dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylenglycol (PEG), and starch, wereinvestigated. SAR values were determined after the suspension of MNP in water. MNP immobilization in tissues was simulated with 1% agarose gels and 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels.

The highest SAR values were observed in ferrofluidic suspensions, whereas a strong reduction of the SAR after the immobilization of MNP with PVA was found. Generally, PVA embedment led to a higher immobilization of MNP compared to immobilization in agarose gels. The investigated single core MNP exhibited higher SAR values than the multicore MNP of the same core size within the used magnetic field parameters. Multicore MNP manufactured via different synthesis routes (fluidMAG-D, fluidMAG/12-D) showed different SAR although they exhibited comparable core and hydrodynamic sizes. Additionally, no correlation between ζ-potential and SAR values after immobilization was observed.

Our data show that immobilization of MNP, independent of their physicochemical properties, can distinctly affect their SAR. Similar processes are supposed to take place in vivo, particularly when MNP are immobilized in cells and tissues. This aspect should be adequately considered when determining the SAR of MNP for magnetic hyperthermia.
What is the impact of active management on biodiversity in forests set aside for conservation or restoration? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Bernes Claes , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar , Junninen Kaisa , Lõhmus Asko , Macdonald Ellen , Müller Jörg , Sandström Jennie
Published: November 2014

Background

The traditional approach to limiting impacts of forestry on biodiversity is to set aside forest areas of particular conservation interest, either as formally protected reserves or on a voluntary basis. Many set-asides are left more or less untouched, but some of them have a history of disturbances such as wildfires, forest grazing, coppicing or small-scale felling. Such areas may gradually lose the qualities that were to be safeguarded unless the disturbances are re-introduced (e.g. by burning) or replaced with alternatives (e.g. gap-felling). Active management of forest set-asides may be particularly relevant in areas where the biota has been impoverished by intensive and large-scale harvesting. Here, biodiversity may not be able to recover adequately without restoration measures such as gap-felling or creation of dead wood.

In recent years, interest in active management of forest set-asides has increased, but opinions differ among conservationists on how such management should be balanced against non-intervention. The topic of the proposed systematic review has therefore met approval among stakeholders in Sweden, where it is currently an issue of high concern.

Methods

The review will examine primary field studies of how various forms of active management have affected biodiversity in boreal or temperate forests set aside for conservation or restoration. The primary focus will be on forest types represented in Sweden. In some cases, useful insights about management options may also be provided by studies of interventions in commercially managed forests. Non-intervention or alternative forms of active management will be used as comparators. Relevant outcomes include assemblage diversity (species richness, diversity indices), abundance of different functional or taxonomic groups of organisms, population viability of target species, and indicators of forest biodiversity such as forest structure and amounts of dead wood.

The relevant scientific literature may turn out to be very heterogeneous, however. Numerous combinations of management forms and biodiversity outcomes can be conceived, and it remains to be seen whether any such combination is covered by sufficiently many studies to allow a meaningful meta-analysis. Nonetheless, it should be feasible to achieve a useful narrative synthesis of the available evidence.
Erratum to: Dual HER2 blockade: preclinical and clinical data
Authors: Patel Tejal A , Dave Bhuvanesh , Rodriguez Angel A , Chang Jenny C , Perez Edith A , Colon-Otero Gerardo
Published: November 2014

No abstract.
Frequency-dependent attenuation and elasticity in unconsolidated earth materials: Effect of damping
Authors: Hu Yanqing , Makse Hernán A. , Valenza John J. , Johnson David L.
Published: November 2014

We used the discrete element method (DEM) to understand the underlying attenuation mechanism in granular media, with special applicability to the measurements of the so-called effective mass developed earlier. We considered that the particles interacted via Hertz-Mindlin elastic contact forces and that the damping was describable as a force proportional to the velocity difference of contacting grains. We determined the behavior of the complex-valued normal-mode frequencies using (1) DEM, (2) direct diagonalization of the relevant matrix, and (3) a numerical search for the zeros of the relevant determinant. All three methods were in strong agreement with each other. The real and the imaginary parts of each normal-mode frequency characterized the elastic and the dissipative properties, respectively, of the granular medium. We found that as the interparticle damping [Formula: see text] increased, the normal modes exhibited nearly circular trajectories in the complex frequency plane, and that for a given value of [Formula: see text], they all lay on or near a circle of radius [Formula: see text] centered on the point [Formula: see text] in the complex plane, where [Formula: see text]. We found that each normal mode became critically damped at a value of the damping parameter [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] was the (real-valued) frequency when there was no damping. The strong indication was that these conclusions carried over to the properties of real granular media whose dissipation was dominated by the relative motion of contacting grains. For example, P- or S-waves in unconsolidated dry sediments can be expected to become overdamped beyond a critical frequency, depending upon the strength of the intergranular damping constant.
THE SAD RIDER
Authors: Chamberlain Lesley
Published: November 2014

This guest column marks the tenth anniversary of the death of Jacques Derrida. The journal in which it appears, Common Knowledge, was not especially receptive to deconstruction during Derrida's lifetime, but Lesley Chamberlain in retrospect sees reasons to reconsider his role in intellectual history now. The delicacy of Derrida's mission, she argues, has been misunderstood. He is best placed in the company not of the “deconstructionists” who thought to follow in his footsteps but, rather, in the company of the moralistic and theologically minded German philosophers and thinkers who inspired him, from Kant and Hegel to Heidegger and Walter Benjamin. A personal fear of being pinned down, coupled with his tragic Jewish witness to a philosophical quest for certainty gone astray, led the “Sad Rider,” one of many possible Derridas, to want to “erase” as much as he wanted to write — despite which, he was not spared being turned into an industry.
EXPERIMENTAL ENGAGEMENTS AND METACODES
Authors: Rottenburg Richard
Published: November 2014

This essay is one of three published in response to Casper Bruun Jensen's article “Experiments in Good Faith and Hopefulness: Toward a Postcritical Social Science” (Common Knowledge 20, no. 2 [Spring 2014]: 337 – 62), which concerns the “postcritical” work of Richard Rottenburg, Hirokazu Miyazaki, and Helen Verran. Rottenburg's response clarifies the key argument of his book Far-Fetched Facts (2002 in German, 2009 in English), situates it in a biographical and political context of despair and hope, and extends it in ways stimulated by Jensen's article and by reading in the sociology of critique that Rottenburg has done since writing the book. He here reformulates the main argument of his book as concerning the indispensable necessity of what Nietzsche calls “legislated language,” along with its performative effects and insurmountable fallibility. By situating that argument in a biographical and political context that the book does not emphasize, and by explaining the “plot” of the book, Rottenburg emphasizes that Far-Fetched Facts was intentionally and principally written from a perspective that does not allow the maintenance of a clear-cut distinction between fact and value and that, therefore, is a contribution toward a methodology of hope. This essay moreover indicates ways in which Far-Fetched Facts is linked to developments in the French pragmatist sociology of critique, which offers a compatible and, at the same time, well-established language to make similar points. This sociology starts from the assumption that practices of ordering depend on the establishment of forms for commensuration, classification, qualification, valuation, and calculation of equivalence that imply reference to realities “out there” and to perceived common goods. A convention (or the element of a “metacode”) is a temporarily established, dynamic, and reflexive material-semantic form that enables interpretation and evaluation. By raising expectations of how things must be done in order to pass as appropriate, valid, and legitimate, conventions facilitate cooperation, yet at some stage in their lives conventions become controversial and need to be replaced. In order to communicate and to coordinate actions, conventions and metacodes are as indispensable as they are fallible, Rottenburg argues, and instead of being replaced by “good faith” and “hope,” conventions and metacodes actually depend on them.
Voter Preferences, Polarization, and Electoral Policies
Authors: Kamada Yuichiro , Kojima Fuhito
Published: November 2014

In most variants of the Hotelling-Downs model of election, it is assumed that voters have concave utility functions. This assumption is arguably justified in issues such as economic policies, but convex utilities are perhaps more appropriate in others, such as moral or religious issues. In this paper, we analyze the implications of convex utility functions in a two-candidate probabilistic voting model with a polarized voter distribution. We show that the equilibrium policies diverge if and only if voters' utility function is sufficiently convex. If two or more issues are involved, policies converge in “concave issues” and diverge in “convex issues.” (JEL D72)
Pride and Diversity in Social Economies
Authors: Maccheroni Fabio , Marinacci Massimo , Rustichini Aldo
Published: November 2014

We study a two-period economy in which agents' preferences take into account their relative economic position. The study builds on a decision theoretic analysis of the social emotions that underlie these relative concerns. These emotions, envy and pride, respond to social losses and gains, respectively. Our main result is that envy leads to conformism in consumption behavior and pride to diversity. We thus establish a link between emotions that are the object of study in psychology and neuroscience, and important features of economic variables, in the first place the equilibrium distribution of consumption and income. (JEL D11, D51, D63, E21, J22)
Effects of Mergers in Two-Sided Markets: The US Radio Industry
Authors: Jeziorski Przemysław
Published: November 2014

This study examines mergers in two-sided markets using a structural supply-and-demand model that employs data from the 1996–2006 merger wave in the US radio industry. In particular, it identifies the conflicting incentives for merged firms to exercise market power on both listener and advertiser sides of the market, and disaggregates the effects of mergers into changes in product variety and advertising quantity. Specifically, it finds 0.2 percent listener welfare increase (+0.3 percent from increased product variety, and −0.1 percent from decreased ad quantity) and 21 percent advertiser welfare decrease (−17 percent from changes in product variety, and −5 percent from decreased ad quantity). (JEL G34, L13, L82, L88, M37)
Efficiency and Substitutability of Transit Subsidies and Other Urban Transport Policies
Authors: Basso Leonardo J. , Silva Hugo E.
Published: November 2014

This paper analyzes the efficiency of and the substitutability between three urban congestion management policies: transit subsidization, car congestion pricing, and dedicated bus lanes. The model features user heterogeneity, cross-congestion effects between cars and transit, intertemporal and total transport demand elasticities, and is simulated using data for London, UK and Santiago, Chile. We find that the substitutability between policies is large and, in particular, the marginal contribution of increased transit subsidies, as other policies are implemented first, diminishes rapidly. Bus lanes are an attractive way to increase frequencies and decrease fares without injecting public funds. (JEL L92, L98, O18, R42, R48)
Plasmodium falciparum infection rates for some Anopheles spp. from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
Authors: Sanford Michelle R. , Cornel Anthony J. , Nieman Catelyn C. , Dinis Joao , Marsden Clare D. , Weakley Allison M. , Han Sarah , Rodrigues Amabelia , Lanzaro Gregory C. , Lee Yoosook
Published: November 2014

Presence of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a sample of Anopheles gambiae s.s., A. melas and A. pharoensis collected in Guinea-Bissau during October and November 2009. The percentage of P. falciparum infected samples (10.2% overall; confidence interval (CI): 7.45-13.6%) was comparable to earlier studies from other sites in Guinea-Bissau (9.6-12.4%). The majority of the specimens collected were identified as A. gambiae which had an individual infection rate of 12.6 % (CI: 8.88-17.6) across collection sites. A small number of specimens of A. coluzzii, A. coluzzii x A. gambiae hybrids, A. melas and A. pharoensis were collected and had infection rates of 4.3% (CI:0.98-12.4), 4.1% (CI:0.35-14.5), 11.1% (CI:1.86-34.1) and 33.3% (CI:9.25-70.4) respectively. Despite being present in low numbers in indoor collections, the exophilic feeding behaviors of A. melas (N=18) and A. pharoensis (N=6) and high infection rates observed in this survey suggest falciparum-malaria transmission potential outside of the protection of bed nets.
Clinical and Laboratory and Instrumental Methods of Research in Diagnostics of Diabetic Cerebral Angiopathy
Authors: Янишевский  , Yanishevskiy S. , Саруханов  , Sarukhanov T.
Published: November 2014

To early diagnose the signs of cerebral diabetic angiopathy the complex clinical, laboratory and instrumental study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus type was carried out. The comparative analysis of the main statistical indicators between the patients with diabetes type 2 without arterial hypertension and the group of patients with discirculatory encephalopathy without diabetes was made. Neurological symptoms are revealed statistically significantly more frequently and are typical for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The authors determined the average time and have identified biochemical predictors of lesions of the vascular wall of cerebral arteries in di-abetes mellitus type 2 without concomitant hypertension. Association between duration of diabetes, changes in ultrasonic indices PI and RI in the development of vascular complications was established. The authors identified a direct correlation between the index values of PI in ICA (r=0.52, p=0.04) and RI in MCA (r=0.58, p=0.03) and the degree of destruction of the white matter of the brain MRI. The authors noted the necessary to normalize lipid ex-change, fibrinogen and possibilities of ultrasonic Doppler-graphy in the early diagnosis of microangiopathy in pa-tients with diabetes mellitus for the prevention of vascular complications.
The causes and structure of primary disability in the persons living in conditions of intense magnetic field
Authors: Ярош  , Yarosh T. , Курочкина  , Kurochkina O. , Халилов  , Khalilov M. , Михайлов  , Mikhaylov I. , Снимщикова  , Snimshchikova A.
Published: November 2014

This paper analyzes the causes and patterns of primary disability in the persons of working age residing in areas with high magnetic background. Increasing the magnetic field is considered on the example of the changes generated by the Kursk magnetic anomaly. It is shown that the existing legal framework in the provision of medical care, medico-social examination and rehabilitation in Russia needs to be revised, with accentuation on the region of residence of patients, especially its geographical status, complex ecological situation. The authors noted that there is need for more effective, coordinated work of medical-social examination and outpatient health care services under the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. Malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal and nervous systems, cerebrovascular pathology are leading nosological group of diseases with a high risk of disability in persons residing in the area of the magnetic field. Conducted medical examination in recent years of the population allowed, as one of the reasons to reduce the number of persons who received a disability for diseases of the circulatory system -is one of the most common socially significant diseases.
Registration methods of different types of motion as a basis for the development of mechanical simulators
Authors: Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy , Хадарцев  , Khadartsev Aleksandr , Троицкий  , Troitskiy M.
Published: November 2014

In work the analysis of different types of motion sensors for registration of tremor and tapping in biomedical research to establish the randomness and non-randomness of the movements has been carried out. The significance of noncontact eddy-current sensors for registration of tremor and tapping, as well as their advantage over piezoelectric accelerometers has been shown. The tremorograms and tapping-grams in 15 000 persons have been analyzed. It was found that the parameters of cardio-respiratory and neuromuscular systems demonstrate similar chaotic dynamics of the autocorrelation function and the amplitude-frequency characteristics moreover, the mix-ing property doesn’t running. This means the inability to use stochastic methods for estimation of discrete and continuous variables (characteristics) of the parameters of complex biological systems due to the continuous and chaotic changes of any stochastic and chaotic characteristics. The chaos theory of Arnolda-Toma there is also useless. Against real chaos of all stochastic characteristics - some stochastic regularities are still available. For exam-ple, a certain pattern has been established in the evaluation matrix comparison samples of tremorograms and tapping-grams (during replays measure them in a row one tested). The increase in the number of total pairs tapping-grams compared with tremorograms indicates on the partial increase of synchronism due to afferention and at-traction of mental activity. This demonstrates the beginning of a shift from a chaotic regime to stochastic.
Laserophoresis and electromyostimulation in medical practice (review of literature)
Authors: Купеев  , Kupeev R.
Published: November 2014

The article describes the history, effects and application areas of combined laseropforesis and elec-tromyostimulation methods. The inclusion of physical factors into complex therapeutic measures is quite important in a view of complications of isolated drug therapy. Laseropforesis and electromyostimulation are used in treatment of many pathologies in different areas of medicine. Therapeutic effect is realized by the injected drugs and by laser radiation itself. Application of methods does not only eliminate the major symptoms, but also improves microcirculation in the affected area, and throughout the body. This leads to general improvement of the functional systems of the body and contributes to the formation of different adaptation mechanisms.
Doing Business with Strangers: Reputation in Online Service Marketplaces
Authors: Moreno Antonio , Terwiesch Christian
Published: November 2014

Online service marketplaces allow service buyers to post their project requests and service providers to bid for them. To reduce the transactional risks, marketplaces typically track and publish previous seller performance. By analyzing a detailed transactional data set with more than 1,800,000 bids corresponding to 270,000 projects posted between 2001 and 2010 in a leading online intermediary for software development services, we empirically study the effects of the reputation system on market outcomes. We consider both a structured measure summarized in a numerical reputation score and an unstructured measure based on the verbal praise left by previous buyers, which we encode using text mining techniques. We find that buyers trade off reputation (both structured and unstructured) and price and are willing to accept higher bids posted by more reputable bidders. Sellers also respond to changes in their own reputation through three different channels. They increase their bids with their reputation score (price effect) but primarily use a superior reputation to increase their probability of being selected (volume effect) as opposed to increasing their bid prices. Negative shocks in seller reputation are associated to an increase in the probability of seller exit (exit effect), but this effect is moderated by the investment that the seller has made in the site. We conclude that participants in this market are very responsive to the numerical reputation score and also to the unstructured reputational information, which behaves in a similar way to the structured numerical reputation score but provides complementary information.
Partnership with private sector only way to tackle waiting lists properly
Authors: Bosanquet Nick
Published: November 2014

Government plans for five to ten years ahead tend to be affected by deep discounting and great uncertainty about future funding. Even a prime ministerial assurance may not be worth much against the global market place. Long term plans have their place, but should be thought of as a process with a series of steps. The key question is about the first phase: can we get momentum going in making a real difference to the problem?
A systems approach to elderly care
Authors: Black David , Bowman Clive , Severs Martin
Published: November 2014

This provocative article, written from the perspective of a consultant geriatrician, argues that the perverse incentives within the overall system will frustrate the government's current policy objectives.
Assessing the training needs of managers
Authors: Lemmer Bill , Bentley Tim , Crawford Hannah
Published: November 2014

Recent research has highlighted the need for better management training in care homes for the elderly and domiciliary services. This paper evaluates the findings and outlines the training interventions which are to be implemented as a result.
Biotechnology key to future diversification
Authors: Harvey Trevor
Published: November 2014

As the last century disappears in the rear view mirror, and fears about rollover catastrophes fade, we move on. This is a time of intense speculation about what sort of health care interventions will predominate in the new century. In the spirit of this moment, let me indulge in some futurology. We live in an age when, if you can imagine it, you can do it. There are few questions that can be posed about human pathology, and healthy ‘lifestyles’, which do not generate a largely technological component in the reply. The big questions focus on our will to empower the client. Assuming we continue to see further shifts of power from expert to client, the convergence of various technologies will be instrumental in determining the response.
All too much
Authors: Cowper Andy
Published: November 2014

Some months, it's all just a bit too much.Which months? January through to December, in our experience. At a point where a rational world would be going on its holidays, the NHS has seen such an explosion of changes, initiatives and re-orderings, it's hard to know whether you've been Gershoned or Warnered.
Can Dr John Reid be liberated from Blairism?
Authors: Roth Andrew
Published: November 2014

You may have been as ambivalent as I was about the disclosure of a mother who sold her sexual favours to put her talented daughter through an expensive private school. I am similarly ambivalent about Health Secretary John Reid.
Are the new incentives for elective surgery ‘bonkers’?
Authors: Stevens Simon
Published: November 2014

In his inimitable style, Alan Maynard asked in the January 2005 BJHCM,‘Has the Government gone bonkers?’ Here is a quick offering in support of a sanity defence, focusing on the logic of the new elective care incentives. Different‘logics’ underpin the approach being taken to unplanned care.
The concept of hope in nursing 4: hope and gerontological nursing
Authors: Henh Kaye A , Cutcliffe John R
Published: November 2014

This article is the fourth in a series of six that explores the nature of hope, reviews the existing theoretical and empirical work in several discrete areas of nursing and provides case studies to illustrate the role that hope plays in clinical situations. This article focuses on hope within the specialty of gerontological nursing. To date, most of the hope research, using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, has focused on well and chronically ill young or middle-aged adults; very few studies have examined hope in the older adult and specifically how older adults maintain hope in spite of multiple losses and/or changes. Hope has been studied in several elderly populations, including grieving widow(er)s, community-based older persons, persons living in long-term care facilities and elders recruited from senior citizen centres. Research findings provide initial direction for the assessment of hope, a guide for selecting strategies to foster hope, and a reference for evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies. There remains, however, a need for continuing research in the area of hope in the older adult that is multifaceted and applicable to both practice and education.
Higher level practice is in fact advanced practice
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2014

Many nurses are disenchanted with the profession because no-one seems to recognize their hard work. However, I recently attended a City & Guilds Affinity ceremony to celebrate the achievements of nurses who had accomplished a higher level of practice (HLP). In the change over from the UKCC to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) there is a danger that the work on recognizing HLP will be lost. However, City & Guilds is determined to encourage the development of HLP as it was responsible for testing the UKCC's pilot threshold and generic standard for HLP (UKCC, 2002).
Interpretation of terms used to describe handwashing activities
Authors: Bissett Linda
Published: November 2014

A literature review on the use of alcohol-based handrubs highlighted many variations in the terms used to describe the activities related to effective hand hygiene. This suggests that an individual's interpretation of the terms used to describe hand-hygiene activities may lead to a variation in compliance with any protocol or guideline employing them. This article describes an audit that was undertaken to establish whether the definition of the terms handwashing, hygienic handwashing and hygienic handrub varied between grades of staff and disciplines who have direct contact with patients. The aim was to identify different healthcare professionals' understanding of the terms used to describe hand-cleansing activities. The results indicate that a variation in understanding of these terms did exist between these grades and disciplines. This may indicate that there is a need for the definition of the terms used to be clearly stated, consistent in their use and universally adopted.
A new modern drainable appliance for people with ileostomies
Authors: Davenport Rebecca , Sica Jo
Published: November 2014

Finding the right drainable pouch can be difficult for the person with an ileostomy. There is an extensive range of appliances available on prescription that offer a variety of features and benefits. Welland Medical has introduced a new one-piece drainable pouch that has a secure integral locking device on the outlet. This new pouch also incorporates a unique Dual-Carb filter which combines modified and unmodified carbon to help fight the various odour types that an ileostomy can produce.
Estimating Screening Test Utilization Using Electronic Health Records Data
Authors: Hubbard Rebecca A. , Chubak Jessica , Rutter Carolyn M.
Published: November 2014

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used by medical
providers and offer a wide-reaching source of information on utilization of preventive
services. Numerous measures used for quality assessment and public reporting are
estimated based on EHR data. However, sources of error and misclassification can lead to
over- or underestimation of true utilization rates. EHR-derived measures of screening
test use are subject to error due to misclassification of screening and diagnostic
tests. The implications of this misclassification for EHR-based screening utilization
estimates have not been well explored.Objectives: We calculated the bias in estimates of
screening test utilization associated with several published EHR-based algorithms for
identifying screening colonoscopies and propose two simple methods to correct this bias.
We apply these corrections to obtain adjusted estimates of screening colonoscopy
utilization using EHR data from Group Health, an integrated health care system in
Washington state.Findings: The bias in screening colonoscopy utilization estimates
ranged from an underestimation of 3 percentage points to an overestimation of 12
percentage points across classification methods. If the operating characteristics of the
classification method are known or if a statistical model that returns predicted
probabilities of screening indication is applied in the population of interest, this
information can be used to obtain unbiased estimates through simple corrections to the
utilization rates with little loss of precision. When applied to data on colonoscopies
received at Group Health, we found that an unadjusted estimate was 4 percentage points
higher than our adjusted estimate.Discussion: Error in classification of tests as
screening when using EHR data to study screening utilization should be accounted for in
order to eliminate bias and prevent spurious findings.
Integrating Sustainable Hunting in Biodiversity Protection in Central Africa: Hot Spots, Weak Spots, and Strong Spots
Authors: Fa Julia E. , Olivero Jesús , Farfán Miguel Ángel , Márquez Ana Luz , Vargas Juan Mario , Real Raimundo , Nasi Robert
Published: November 2014

Wild animals are a primary source of protein (bushmeat) for people living in or near tropical forests. Ideally, the effect of bushmeat harvests should be monitored closely by making regular estimates of offtake rate and size of stock available for exploitation. However, in practice, this is possible in very few situations because it requires both of these aspects to be readily measurable, and even in the best case, entails very considerable time and effort. As alternative, in this study, we use high-resolution, environmental favorability models for terrestrial mammals (N = 165) in Central Africa to map areas of high species richness (hot spots) and hunting susceptibility. Favorability models distinguish localities with environmental conditions that favor the species' existence from those with detrimental characteristics for its presence. We develop an index for assessing Potential Hunting Sustainability (PHS) of each species based on their ecological characteristics (population density, habitat breadth, rarity and vulnerability), weighted according to restrictive and permissive assumptions of how species' characteristics are combined. Species are classified into five main hunting sustainability classes using fuzzy logic. Using the accumulated favorability values of all species, and theirPHSvalues, we finally identify weak spots, defined as high diversity regions of especial hunting vulnerability for wildlife, as well as strong spots, defined as high diversity areas of high hunting sustainability potential. Our study uses relatively simple models that employ easily obtainable data of a species' ecological characteristics to assess the impacts of hunting in tropical regions. It provides information for management by charting the geography of where species are more or less likely to be at risk of extinction from hunting.
Five Facets Model of Creative Process
Authors: Hincks Josiah
Published: November 2014

Josiah Hincks is a Focusing Trainer, now based in Italy, who has worked for many years with artists and performers helping them develop their creative processes. He wrote the ‘Five Facets Model of Creative Process’ originally in 2000 and then offered it to a group of artists and makers in a series of workshops called ‘Lark Rise to Beacon’ (Bath, UK) in 2003. The model intends to support individuals stuck in their creative process who found that this model enabled a significant shift in their working practice and outcomes. It is offered for publication in its original (draft) format with the understanding that, although the model has never been published or developed, Hincks work with artists has developed. Hincks writes that if he were to work on it again today (ten years after originally writing it) he would most probably develop and alter Outwarding. However, it is offered here as a tool for makers and as a stimulus for others wondering about the value of models for the articulation of creative process.
A Lecture on the Performance of Beauty
Authors: Hay Deborah
Published: November 2014

What if the question, ‘what if every cell in my body at once has the potential to simultaneously perceive beauty and surrender beauty each and every moment as time passes?’ is about the question, without seeking an answer?
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Winters Nina , Buick Nadia , Smith Lorraine Hamilton
Published: November 2014

‘Club To Catwalk’, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 10 July 2013–16 February 2014

‘California Design 1930–1963: Living in a Modern Way’, Queensland Art Gallery/Gallery of Modern Art (QAGOMA), Brisbane, 2 November 2013–9 February 2014

‘Exposed: A History of Lingerie’, The Fashion and Textile History Gallery, Museum at FIT, New York City, 3 June–15 November 2014
Book Reviews
Authors: Su Kevin , Matheson Linda , Shaheen Manal , Bradley Linda Arthur
Published: November 2014

Overdressed: Barthes, Darwin & The Clothes That Speak, Michael Carter (2013) Sydney: Puncher & Wattman Criticism, 80 pp., ISBN: 9781921450884, p/bk, AUD$19.95

The Religious Life of Dress: Global Fashion and Faith, Lynne Hume (2013) London and New York: Bloomsbury, 176 pp., ISBN: 1360466X, p/bk, $26.95, h/bk, $100.00

Islamic Fashion and Anti-Fashion: New Perspectives from Europe and North America, Emma Tarlo and Annelies Moors (2013) New York and London: Bloomsbury, 294 pp., ISBN: 9780857853356, $29.95

Visibly Muslim: Fashion, Politics and Faith, Emma Tarlo (2010) New York; Berg, 242 pp., ISBN: 9781845204334, $34.95
The digital garment: Perspectives on the image and the museum fashion collection database
Authors: Morena Jill
Published: November 2014

Digitization of fashion and costume collections is a priority effort for many institutions worldwide. This study intends to examine the content of text and images within the fashion collection database record and how the viewer can extrapolate information beyond the discovery of the object or the given specifications about the object itself. While the digital reproduction may not be able to produce the ‘entire biography’, nor the complete ‘tactile aspect’, of the original object, it is possible for the digital image to provide much valuable contextual and historical information for the curator or researcher. Through an analysis of records in selected online collection databases of fashion, this study proposes to examine how images and their accompanying records can illuminate curatorial decision-making, changing museum and institutional practices, and the life of an object before and after museum acquisition, as well as approximate the sensations so important to the experience and understanding of clothing – texture and embodiment.
The silence at the stands: agony in the Portuguese market for taxis
Authors: Murta Daniel
Published: November 2014

Os táxis não podem ser baratos. Decorre de ser conduzido por um profissional com toda a flexibilidade dos carros, menos vários inconvenientes. E, no entanto, ... por que não? Os Taxistas reclamam sobre o preço proibitivo do gasóleo, que não cobre tarifas medíocres. A raiz e a verdade da questão encontram‑se no serviço: clientes, quilómetros ... e na falta deles. O mercado pode ser descrito como um cartel de entrada livre – gerido por associações do setor, toleradas pelo regulador – capturado, onde nem a entrada nem a saída fazem mover o preço. Para os consumidores, é péssimo. Enquanto isso, lucros de monopólio são desperdiçados entre o máximo de remediados, que mal conseguem sobreviver.Melhor seria se a regulação evoluísse da captura por organizações dos motoristas para um conjunto de licenças e preços definidos de acordo com os níveis de tráfego, após um choque de preço negativo, que apressaria a eliminação do excesso de oferta.Será que isso importa? Os táxis podem ser preciosos para fazer a ponte entre os transportes públicos e o ambientalmente frágil e caro transporte de carro.
A quantile regression analysis of growth and convergence in the EU: potential implications for Portugal
Authors: Andrade João Sousa , Duarte Adelaide , Simões Marta
Published: November 2014

This paper applies a quantile regression approach to examine the growth and convergence process of fourteen EU member states over the period 1986‑2009. From the results of the estimation of an accounting growth regression we conclude that an increase in the weight of the non‑tradables sector and a loss of (price) competitiveness are especially harmful for growth for under‑performing countries, while these benefit the most from physical capital accumulation and are less negatively affected by an increase in government consumption. Additionally, technological convergence is felt less strongly by low‑growth member states. The variables retained are robustly related to growth at all quantiles, but the quantitative importance of the respective coefficients differs across quantiles in some cases. Given the changes in growth rhythms that Portugal recorded throughout the period under analysis, we derive some potential implications from these results for a better understanding of the Portuguese growth and convergence process after European integration. Our findings suggest that, given the growth deceleration that the Portuguese economy has been experiencing since the late 1990s, policies to enhance growth should pay more attention to promoting competitiveness and changing the specialization pattern away from the non‑tradables sectors, as well as to increasing investment.
Linkages and performance comparison among Eastern Europe stock markets
Authors: Da Fonseca José Soares
Published: November 2014

This article studies the linkages among the stock markets of Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia and Ukraine. The empirical analysis begins with the estimation of a regional market model, whose beta parameters depend on predetermined information variables. Those parameters support the calculation of time‑varying Treynor ratios used on a comparative performance analysis. A Vector Auto Regressive Model (VAR) is used to estimate the performance causality within this group of markets. The VAR model results provide evidence that there is reciprocal performance across the majority of the selected stock markets.
Effect of polyaniline/organophilic montmorillonite composites on properties of epoxy coating
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Deng Jingwei , Shao Yawei , Shi Qiumei , Meng Guozhe , Ping Li
Published: November 2014

Polyaniline/organophilic montmorillonite (PANI/OMMT) composite powders were synthesized by in situ intercalation polymerization and were added to the epoxy coating as an anti-corrosive pigment. Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, and contact angle test were used to characterize the PANI/OMMT powders. The epoxy coating containing the PANI/OMMT powders was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and pull-off adhesion test. The results indicated that a unique combination of OMMT and PANI was realized by in situ intercalation polymerization, that the hydrophobic property of PANI/OMMT powders was enhanced and PANI/OMMT powders had good compatibility with epoxy resin, and that the anti-corrosive property of PANI/OMMT coating was better than that of epoxy resin coating.
The voicing of intervocalic stops in Old Tuscan and probabilistic sound change
Authors: Canalis Stefano
Published: November 2014

The article examines the dual outcome of Latin intervocalic /p t k/ in Old Tuscan. While these stops remain voiceless in most of the Tuscan lexicon, a significant number of words are voiced. The prevailing opinion is that preservation of voicelessness is the native outcome, and that the words displaying voicing were borrowed from Romance languages in which intervocalic voicing was systematic. However, a number of facts militate against this hypothesis, including the presence of voicing in Tuscan words that are unattested or maintain a voiceless stop in the supposed donor languages. The results of a corpus-based analysis of an Old Tuscan lexicon show that the distribution of the voiced outcomes is phonologically conditioned (contra the borrowing hypothesis), as they are more likely if the stop was velar, next to low(er) vowels, next to stress and if followed by a liquid consonant. These results are also an example of sound change with clear and fine-grained phonological conditioning but a non-systematic outcome; irregularity was probably caused by the allophonic nature of Old Tuscan voicing and by its interaction with another lenition process.
On saying two things at once The historical semantics and pragmatics of Old English emotion words
Authors: Díaz-Vera Javier E.
Published: November 2014

The article analyzes some aspects of the literal and figurative conceptualizations of shame in Old English. Through the reconstruction and fine-grained analysis of the whole set of literal, metonymic and metaphoric expressions of shame recorded in a corpus of Old English texts, I show here that the embodiment model for the conceptualization of this emotion was not used in Old English until the arrival of Christianity and the new moral standards it brought. The slow but progressive introduction of embodied metonymies and metaphors in Old English is, I will argue here, a direct consequence of the adaptation of patristic texts into the vernacular. The pressure to spread the Christian concept of shame, where this emotion is presented as an internal and subjective experience, and the need to substitute the old, honour-based model favoured the emergence and evolution of new figurative expressions of shame, based on its physiological effects on the experiencer.
Third-person singular zero in the Norfolk dialect A re-assessment
Authors: Joby Chris
Published: November 2014

I use the results of my own research into the language use of the immigrant (or ‘Stranger’) communities in early modern Norwich to evaluate Peter Trudgill’s thesis that it was language contact in Norwich between the Strangers and the local English inhabitants that led to the emergence of third-person singular present tense zero (he go rather than he goes). I present evidence that third-person singular zero was already in use in Norwich and elsewhere in Norfolk by the time when Dutch- and French-speaking immigrants arrived in Norwich. The question then arises as to whether language contact did in fact play any role in establishing zero-marking as the norm in the Norfolk dialect, a process which was complete by about 1700. I argue is that if language contact did play a role in the success of zeromarking, it would have been in a manner different to that described by Trudgill.
Relative productivity potentials of Dutch verbal inflection patterns
Authors: Knooihuizen Remco , Strik Oscar
Published: November 2014

Diachronic change regarding the Germanic verb shows a tendency away from strong and towards weak inflection, although the change is not unidirectional. Three production and acceptability experiments on nonce and existing verbs in Dutch unveil a clear hierarchy in potential productivity of inflection patterns. Weak inflection has the highest potential productivity; within strong inflection, Classes I, II and III outrank the others. Speakers also regularly employ a productoriented schema based on the vowels /o/ and /ɔ/, as well as, although to a lesser extent, on /i/ and /ɪ/. We relate these findings to synchronic factors and to diachronic change.
On Middle English she, sho: A refurbished narrative
Authors: Laing Margaret , Lass Roger
Published: November 2014

We offer a radical reinterpretation of the first step in the development of OE [h] in hēo towards PDE [ʃ] in she. This solves outstanding difficulties in accounting for the vocalism in ME [ʃe:], precursor of PDE [ʃi:]. The background is the etymology of she created for the Corpus of Narrative Etymologies, and its accompanying Corpus of Changes. The database for CoNE is The Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, with 36 different spellings for she across 71 texts. First, we present the OE etymology of she, tracking the changes that gave rise to all the attested OE variants. Second, using Britton’s (1991) paper as a starting point, we give a new explanation for initial [hj], allowing a straightforward account for all three attested ME vocalisms: [e:], [o:] and [ø:]. Third, we unpack the changes underlying the complex of variants attested in LAEME.