bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential Oil with Mosquito-Repellent Potential from Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaves Against Aedes Aegypti via Human Volunteer Study
Authors: Othaman Rizafizah , Raghavan Sumathy , Mohd Khalid Rozida , Sharer Nabhan , Abu Bakar Muntaz
Published: September 2024

Plectranthus amboinicus(PA) is a highly aromatic perennial shrub that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It has thick, fleshy and succulent leaves and stem. The margins of the leaves contain numerous glandular hairs that produce essential oil. The essential oil of PA(PAEO) exhibits therapeutical, nutritional, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and insect repellent potentials. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the repellent properties of PAEO and DEET against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are known carriers of dengue fever. The extraction of PAEO was carried out using hydrodistillation method while the chemical profile was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The bioefficacy test was conducted according to the household insecticide products personal mosquito repellent evaluation method for biological efficacy (First revision) (MS1497:2007) provided by the Standard and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) with slight modification. 10% PAEO was used as test solution while 10% DEET was used as positive control. Fabric and patches treated with 10% PAEO were tested on human volunteers. Both the fabric and the patch, treated with 10% PAEO, exhibit excellent repellency (97 - 100%) against Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for a duration of up to 240 min (4 h) post-application. In contrast, 10% DEET, which initially showed a comparable repellency (99%) 30 min after application, experiences a gradual decline in repellency over time, reaching a 51% repellency rate at the end of the test (240 min post-application). A two-way ANOVA analysis indicates significant effect for type of treatment (p = 0.016) but with no significant difference between the exposure time. Tukey’s test showed significant differences between 10% PAEO-treated patches and 10% DEET (p = 0.016), and between 10% PAEO-treated fabric and 10% DEET (p = 0.026). These findings suggest that PAEO is potentially an effective natural repellent against Ae. aegypti.
The Impact of Traumatic Experiences on the Psychological Safety of Students in the Context of the Terrorist Threat
Authors: Finogenova T.A. , Berko A.A.
Published: September 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the impact of traumatic experiences on the psychological safety of the personality of students. The subjects were 70 students (21 boys and 49 girls) of the college of the Belgorod region. The study revealed that students who have experienced traumatic events are most often associated with the experience of being in a war zone and the death of a loved one. Criteria C (avoidance of stimuli), D (increasing arousal), and B (repetitive reproduction of a traumatic event) were among the most pronounced criteria for traumatic experiences among students. Girls are more susceptible to the negative effects of stress than boys. The results of the correlation analysis confirmed the hypothesis that traumatic experiences violate the psychological security of a person, including all its structural components: moral and volitional regulation (normativity), strategies for coping with stressful situations, value-semantic factor and post-traumatic growth. The psychological safety of girls is most strongly influenced by the symptom of impaired functioning of important areas of life (criterion F), and boys are influenced by recurring memories of trauma (criterion B), constant increasing arousal (criterion D) and immediate response to a traumatic event (criterion A).
Interjections as Means of Expressing Empathy in Russian-language Network Communication
Authors: Pivavarchyk T.A.
Published: September 2024

The work is devoted to the peculiarities of the use of interjections by Internet communicants as a means of expressing empathy in comments-reactions to posts on the social network TikTok. It has been established that discursive practices of compassion involve a significantly larger number of users than practices of co-rejoicing, and, accordingly, demonstrate a wider range of interjection reactions. The author analyzed 60 Russian-language network polylogues (threads), the unifying discourse-forming feature of which is the collective intentional state of rejoicing. Based on linguopragmatic and discursive approaches, the relationship between the realized intentional-illocutionary meanings of interjections and their regulatory-dialogue potential in communication mediated by a network format is considered. When creating emotiogenic content, the author of a video post can offer the audience interjection stimuli, presented in the form of captions on the message or in the form of hashtags. The goal of the initiator of network communication is to gain approval and support from other network users and influence their emotional state. The analysis showed that in network “oral-written” communication, other participants in the communication react interactively to interjections used by some users; as a result, not only repetitions are traced in the virtual polylogue, but also entire chains of the same or similar interjections in semantics and pragmatics units. The repertoire and ways of using interjections as a means of expressing the emotions of online interlocutors demonstrate their conditioning by the media culture of TikTok as a special digital platform. Specific phenomena of such media culture include users’ ideas about acceptable norms of emotional manifestations and cognitive scenarios of emotions that are consistently embodied in communication. Observations of the use of interjections have shown that communication on social networks can have a quasi- or pseudo-empathic meaning.
Peculiarities of Perception of the Pleonasm in Russian and Italian
Authors: Capilupi S.M. , Kostina A.A.
Published: September 2024

Pleonasm is a controversial language phenomenon. Some scientists considered it as a fault of style or a figure of speech throughout the history. Pleonasm tends to be considered as fault of speech in Russian and as a rhetorical figure and even grammar necessity in Italian. Understanding of such difference could be helpful with avoiding some misinterpretations when learning the Italian language.
To Whom They Prayed for the Birth of Ivan the Terrible: “Unknown” and New Prayers of St. Alexander Svirsky
Authors: Soboleva A.E.
Published: September 2024

The idea for this article came about as a result of a combination of the revived veneration of St Alexander of Svirsky, and the study of the manuscript tradition of his Life (16th-19th centuries) and is connected with the attribution of prayers attributed to the Venerable in modern liturgical minyas. A study of over 315 folios of the Vita has shown that there is no evidence of the latter in the main source of information about the Monk. However, in the earliest edition, the Mineinaya, his prayers were preserved in the form in which they were recorded 12 years after his repose. One of them is in a sense key to Russian history and is directly connected with the veneration of the saint by the royal family; it is preserved only in manuscripts and is absent in the modern hagiographic text. The objectives of the study were both to establish the probable sources of the modern prayers attributed to St Alexander and to clarify the manuscript tradition of those prayers that were clearly preserved throughout the centuries in the texts of the Life.
RECIPROCITY OR REDISTRIBUTION: MUTUAL AID AS A MORALIZED MARKET IN GENTRIFYING BROOKLYN
Authors: Goldberg Allison
Published: September 2024

Mutual aid is an ancient practice repopularized during COVID-19. Generally defined as collective care for collective power, it is typically organized by people surviving and resisting a common injustice. In contrast, mutual-aid groups in this study are organized around a call to support your “neighbors,” a fraught term in gentrifying areas. Through fieldwork in Brooklyn, New York, during COVID-19, this study examines how mutual-aid group participants navigate discrepancies in their organizing principles and practices. I consider how they contest what they deem to be inequitable economic exchanges based on capitalism and charity and aim to construct what they consider more just, reciprocal market relations. However, as gentrification interrupts the potential for reciprocity, mutual-aid participants reframe their goals as “ad hoc income redistribution.” This article considers dissonance in movement aims and strategies and more firmly places race at the center of the intersection of morality, markets, and movements.
Kök Hücreler, Dental Pulpa Kök Hücreleri ve Klinik Uygulamaları
Authors: Atasever Derin , Germiyan Özgün Selim , Uyanıkgil Yiğit
Published: September 2024

Son yıllardaki en önemli araştırma konularından biri olan kök hücreler; kolay bir şekilde ulaşılabilmeleri ve çoğaltılabilmeleri, doku tamiri ve yenilemesinde başarılı olmaları, bağışıklık sistemi üzerinde düzenleyici etkiye sahip (immünomodülatör) olmaları, farklı dokulardan izole edilebilmeleri ve birçok hücre çeşidine farklılaşabilmeleri sebebiyle doku mühendisliği ve rejeneratif tıp çalışmalarının da önemli bir parçası haline gelmiştir. İlaç ve tedavi araştırmalarında, hastalıkların oluşum mekanizmalarının, etkilerinin ve olası sonuçlarının daha detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesinde, hücre kültürü çalışmalarında, laboratuvar ortamında fonksiyonel dokuların geliştirilmesinde, hücre terapilerinde, hasarlı doku ve organ rejenerasyonunda kök hücreler sıklıkla kullanılmakta ve bu alandaki çalışmalar hızla ilerlemektedir.
Yetişkin diş pulpasından enzimatik olarak ayrıştırılan, yüksek proliferatif özellik gösteren hücreler; ilk defa “dental pulpa kök hücresi” olarak tanımlanmış ve bu terim literatüre kazandırılmıştır. Ayrıca ilk defa dental pulpa kök hücreleri başarıyla izole edilmiş ve odontoblast benzeri yapılara farklanarak dentin/pulpa benzeri bir kompleks oluşturabildiği, dentinogeneze katkı sağladığı bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmadan sonra dental pulpa kök hücreleriyle ilgili tıp ve diş hekimliği alanındaki araştırmalar, büyük bir hız kazanarak günümüze kadar gelmiştir.
Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Endikasyonu Onaylı İlaçlar: Breksanolon ve Zuranolon
Authors: Çağlayan Duman Nesrin
Published: September 2024

Doğum sonrası depresyon; doğum sonrası dönemi kapsayan, ailenin tüm üyeleri için etkileri olabilen majör depresif durumu tanımlamaktadır. 2019 yılından önce doğum sonrası depresyon endikasyonu için majör depresyon tedavisinden uyarlanmış serotonin geri alım inhibitörleri gibi antidepresan ilaçlar kullanılmaktaydı. Doğum sonrası depresyonun patofizyolojisi üzerine yapılan araştırmaların etkisiyle tedaviye yönelik araştırmaların önemli bir kısmını mekanizma temelli ilaç çalışmaları oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda GABA-A reseptörlerini ve allopregnanolonu hedef alacak şekilde sadece doğum sonrası depresyon endikasyonunda kullanılmak üzere geliştirilmiş breksanolon ve zuranolon etken maddeleri tedavide yerlerini almışlardır. Bu çalışmada doğum sonrası depresyonun mekanizması temelli ilaç çalışmaları sonucu geliştirilen, Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi onaylı bu ilaçlara ilişkin güncel literatür bilgileri farmakolojik açıdan ele alınacaktır.
Uzaktan Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Ekonomik Değerlendirmesinin Sistematik Analizi: Diyabetik Retinopati Örneği
Authors: Alay Dilek
Published: September 2024

Diyabetik retinopati her 4 diyabetli hastadan 3’ünün karşılaştığı, maliyetli küresel bir sağlık sorunudur. Diyabetik retinopati için teletıp tabanlı tarama yeni bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem, yeterli ekonomik değerlendirme kanıtlarına sahip değildir. Çalışmanın amacı, diyabetik retinopati için teletıp tabanlı tarama yöntemlerinin ekonomik değerlendirmesine dair çıktıları görmektir. Bu doğrultuda, Pubmed ve Scopus veri tabanlarından faydalanılarak sistematik analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Taramaya 1977-2023 yılları arasında İngilizce olarak yayınlanan, uzaktan sağlık hizmetlerine ve ekonomik değerlendirme yöntemlerine sahip çalışmalar dahil edilmiştir. Tarama sonucunda 1.649 çalışma olduğu görülmüştür. Tarama kriterleri çerçevesinde 14 yayın değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, diyabetik retinopati için teletıp tabanlı taramaların ciddi bir maliyet tasarrufu sağlayabileceği görülmüştür.
Sherrington ve Sinirbilimde Çığır Açan Çalışmaları
Authors: Artuvan Korkmaz Hazal , Nalçacı Erhan
Published: September 2024

Bu yazıda, sinir sistemi fizyolojisi ve sinirbilim alanındaki en temel kavramları ortaya koyan Sherrington'ın hayatı ve çalışmaları ele alınmaktadır. Sherrington bilimsel çalışmalarını yürütürken, döneminin toplumsal, iktisadi ve siyasi koşulları oldukça etkili olmuştur. Özellikle 17. yüzyılda İngiltere'de başlayan burjuva devrimleri ve sanayi devrimi, beraberinde teknoloji alanında bir sıçramayı da getirerek bilimsel araştırmalara büyük etki yapmıştır. Sherrington'ın nörofizyoloji çalışmaları, Londra'daki St. Thomas Hastanesi'nde başlamış ve zamanla refleks, sinaps, motor birim, proprioseptif duyu, resiprokal inhibisyon gibi kavramları ortaya koymuştur. Hayvan deneylerine önem veren Sherrington, özellikle deserebre hayvanları kullanarak refleks mekanizmalarını incelemiştir. Aynı zamanda, sinir sistemi ile ilgili birçok kural ve fenomeni açıklamıştır. 1932'de Tıp/Fizyoloji alanında Nobel ödülünü kazanan Sherrington sinirbilim, nörofizyoloji ve nöroloji gibi alanlara büyük bir katkı sağlamıştır.
Paleoseismology of the Anqiu–Juxian Fault, Tanlu Fault Zone, Reveals Evidence That It Is the Causative Fault of the 70 B.C. Anqiu Earthquake
Authors: Ji Haomin , Li An , Li Linlin , Wei Zhanyu , Ren Zhikun
Published: September 2024

The timing and surface rupture length of large earthquakes are key parameters for seismic hazard studies in the Tanlu fault zone (TLFZ). Existing studies suggest that the M 81/2 Tancheng earthquake in A.D. 1668 may have been generated by the cascading rupture of the Juxian–Tancheng fault (JTF) and the Anqiu–Juxian fault (AJF) in the TLFZ. The Anqiu earthquake in 70 B.C. near the AJF also shook eastern China; however, the latest surface rupturing event along the AJF has not been studied, thus the potential earthquake hazard has large uncertainties. In this study, we excavated three trenches along the AJF to determine the most recent surface rupturing events to address these problems. As evidenced by paleoseismic and chronological investigations, the latest seismic events occurred along the northern segment (S1) and middle segment (S2) at approximately A.D. 63–225 and 2148–48 B.C., respectively. Combined with previous studies and historical records, our study inferred that the Anqiu earthquake in 70 B.C. was generated by S1 and S2, with an estimated magnitude of Mw 7.5 ± 0.2. The most recent event on S3 occurred just before 10297 ± 53 yr B.P. Our study also revealed that the Tancheng M 81/2 earthquake was generated by the JTF alone without surface rupture of the AJF. Thus, the elapsed time of the latest large earthquake along the AJF is more than 2000 yr.
Cleavages and identities in the changing landscape of world politics
Authors: Ilyin M.V. , Ostapenko G.
Published: September 2024

The article advocates updating the research concerning divided societies and complexly organized states. It addresses the genesis and advancement of complex identities of social actors and political agency. The discussion focuses on the correlation between the structuration and content saturation of identities. The use of operational interfaces from fundamental distinctions to various kinds of divides, demarcations and polarizations leaves still unresolved the problem of qualitative parameters of identities, and ways to represent and analyze them. Innovative approaches developed by Russian political scientists take into account the relationship between the processes of world development and the identity of its development drivers and agency from individual political actors to complex social movements. The article shows that the effective deployment of the respective research program requires not only external accounting of the temporal parameters, but full integration of modern evolutionary approaches into their methodology. It is necessary to overcome the usual interpretations of identity in the singular as an abstract universal idea. Equally it is necessary to move to the study of the complex interaction of the acting forces of development and the formation of a dynamic flow of individual and mutual identifications in the plural. To this end, it is suggested not only to update the Rokkanian paradigm of demarcations by expanding the set of distinctions and making the whole structure more dynamic, but also to use the possibilities of extended evolutionary synthesis.
Balkanization vs Europeanization: conceptual deconstruction
Authors: Maleshevich A.V.
Published: September 2024

The article is dedicated to the deconstruction of the binary opposition between the concepts of “Balkanization” and “Europeanization”. The initial phase of deconstruction entails a critical examination of conventional conceptualizations that reflect power relations between Balkans and Europe. A particular emphasis is placed on the dominant perception of balkanization as a process of fragmentation and barbarization, which is a representation commonly depicted within Western strategic discourse. As an alternative, the authentic concept of balkanization, formulated by Yugoslav avant-guardists during the early twentieth century, is analysed. The avant-guard movement Zenitism proclaimed the slogan of the Balkanization of Europe and featured the figure of Barbarogenious-Decivilizer. This approach not only represents an inversion of the Western perspective on the Balkans, but also draws upon ideas of internationalism and class struggle, deriving inspiration from the experience of the Russian revolution. The concept of Europeanization is examined in both broad and narrow senses - as a notion of modernization and as transformations caused by the institutional influence of the European Union. The concept of europeanization, positioned as a positive project and vision of a better future, stands in contrast to the Balkan past ofthe region. With such as interpretation, the successful implementation ofthe europeanization agenda would entail the complete erasure of Balkan subjectivity and identity. Europeanization is conceptualized as a process of debalkanization. In the concluding phase of deconstruction, during the stage of“reassembly”, an alternative perception ofbalkanization is put forward. In accordance with the ideas of Zenitism and the political experience ofthe Balkan peoples' struggle for independence and the establishment of a common stated, balkanization is perceived as, on the one hand, resistance and rebellion; on the other hand, as a desire to overcome borders and internationalization. Accordingly, europeanization is perceived as a process of construction of homogeneous modern nation-states. It can be argued that fragmentation is indeed a consequence and essence of europeanization.
In search of a predictable past
Authors: Airapetov O.R.
Published: September 2024

The article is a reflection on reading the book by Academician A.V. Torkunov and Professor V.V. Degoev “Russian History: State. Civilization, External World” (Moscow: Aspect Press, 2024) in connection with the problems raised in it in the spheres of economy, state and society structure in Russia, up to the problems of its foreign policy. In their voluminous work, involving the methodology of historical sciences and related disciplines, the authors paid attention to the issues of human relations with society and the state in Russia, which, as elsewhere, were not always friendly and have never been simple. Reading the monograph encourages reflection on the patterns of development of Russian statehood over a huge period of time from the second half of the 9th century to the beginning of the 20th century, — from the formation of the Kyiv state to the First World War, - including the periods of Ancient Rus’, medieval Muscovy and the Russian Empire.
Edukasi bahaya gadget dan pembagian mainan edukasi sebagai upaya menurunkan intensitas penggunaan gadget pada anak
Authors: Basir Basir , Kamaluddin Aulia Arika , Janna Tri Anugrah Saputri , Toding Angelina , Abdullah Sabrina Salsabila , Langi Rina Timbang , Rusli Ulfa Amelia , Subhan Andi Mario Buana
Published: September 2024

Gadget adalah hasil inovasi teknologi terbaru yang memiliki kemampuan canggih dan fitur multiguna. Sekarang bukan hanya orang dewasa, tetapi anak-anak juga sangat bergantung pada gadget, hal tersebut menimbulkan kekhawatiran terkait dampaknya pada perkembangan fisik dan mental anak-anak. Gadget memiliki dampak positif seperti meningkatkan pengetahuan, berguna untuk mencari informasi, dan memperluas jejaring pertemanan melalui media sosial. Namun, penggunaan gadget dalam durasi yang panjang dan terus-menerus dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, berdampak pula pada kehidupan sosial dan pendidikan anak. Oleh karena itu, guna mengurangi penggunaan gadget yang berlebihan, maka diperlukan kegiatan edukasi, pembagian poster, dan pembagian mainan edukasi sebagai upaya menurunkan intensitas penggunaan gadget pada anak. Dalam mengukur efektivitas penyuluhan maka dilakukan pre-test dan post-test. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai p-value sebesar (0.0001) < 0.05 yang berarti Ha (hipotesis alternatif) diterima, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan pada responden sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan.
Risk factors of conversion of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia
Authors: Bhardwaj Shreya , Krishnanand  , Samuel Tanmay , Chaudhary Shivam
Published: September 2024

Background: Inguinal hernia occurs in 1 to 5% of the general population. The development of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair techniques as an alternative to conventional open surgery has improved results such as less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery. This study was conducted to assess the risk factors of conversion of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia.
Method: A total of 200 patients who were scheduled to undergo TEP were enrolled. Complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients was obtained. A Performa was made and detailed intraoperative findings were evaluated. Baseline hemodynamic and biochemical profile was evaluated. Separate assessment of patients was done who were converted to open surgery. Comparison of patients was done among those with and without conversion. Various risk factors were evaluated which were responsible for conversion. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 49.2 years. 60.5 percent of the patients were of rural residence. Mean BMI of the patients was 24.8 Kg/m2. Incidence of conversion was 6.5 percent. Geriatric age, obesity, higher ASA grade, larger hernial defects, larger peritoneal tear and previous hernia surgery history was found to be significant risk factors for conversion.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of inguinal hernia is an effective technique, but conversion to open surgery occurs in 6.5% of cases. Significant risk factors for conversion include geriatric age, obesity, higher ASA grade, larger hernial defects, larger peritoneal tear, and previous hernia surgery history. Identifying these risk factors can help optimize patient selection and improve outcomes for TEP repair.
Case series of retroperitoneal cyst: a clinical challenge and diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Puvvada Prashanth , Kalyanashanmugam Sivakumar , Chidambaranathan Sugumar
Published: September 2024

Cyst in retroperitoneal region is a rare occurrence with reported incidence of 1 in 5750-2,50,000. They present incidentally in one third patients or with pain or sometimes clinical palpable painless mass. Their management remains a clinical dilemma. Here, we report five cases of retroperitoneal cyst which presented to our hospital between August 2022-February 2023 and summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, and their treatment. All patients presented to our outpatient department. All patients were female youngest 20 years and oldest 76 years of age. Two patients had pain abdomen with clinically palpable mass. Two patients had painless mass. One patient was detected incidentally. All the patients were evaluated with CECT and MRI pelvis wherever needed. Cyst excision was done laparoscopically in 3 patients and by open laparotomy in 2 patients and histopathology report was followed post operatively. All patients were discharged without any complications. Retroperitoneal cyst is uncommon pathology of abdomen. Their presentation is quite vague. Imaging is the key in diagnosis. It poses a great clinical challenge in the management of such patients due to suspected malignancy. Our study shows that these cysts can be managed with simple excision irrespective of size after evaluation and laparoscopic approach is better where feasible.
Small bowel adenocarcinoma of the jejunum
Authors: Monteiro Rita
Published: September 2024

Jejunal adenocarcinoma is an unusual type of gastrointestinal malignancy. The symptoms are vague, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and, in some cases, weight loss. Due to this vague presentation as well as lack of definitive imaging techniques, diagnosis tends to be delayed and patients typically present at later stages. We present a case of a patient who presented with acute onset abdominal pain. Imaging revealed the presence of a suspicious lesion of the jejunum, with a 3,6 extension. The patient underwent a laparoscopy segmental intestinal resection and omental lymph node resection. The lesion was a 3-cm mass at proximal jejunum. The jejunum adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm of the small bowel. The curative resection at the early stages is still the best treatment.
Colorectal adenocarcinoma in pregnancy: intraoperative finding in a patient with intestinal obstruction
Authors: R. Carla M. Cruz , T. Carlos E. Pérez , S. Axel A. Núñez , G. Perla González , Rocha Gadiel A. C. , González Jaime
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer, a common malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality, is infrequently encountered during pregnancy. This rare overlap of conditions creates a formidable diagnostic. The therapeutic approach is equally complex, involving difficult decisions on whether to delay treatment until after delivery or to pursue immediate intervention, all while considering the impact on both maternal and fetal health. This case highlights the need for heightened awareness among clinicians, as well as the development of clear protocols to guide the management of colorectal cancer in pregnant patients. In the current case report we describe and document the incidental intraoperative findings of a colorectal adenocarcinoma in a 27-year-old patient with 20 weeks of pregnancy presenting with clinical symptoms of intestinal obstruction. We present the difficult diagnostic and therapeutic approach involving the decision on the treatment of an acute pathology as is intestinal obstruction. As well as to assess whether or not to start systemic oncological therapy and whether or not to end the pregnancy.
Anorectal avulsion-an unusual anorectal trauma
Authors: Monteiro Rita , Perez Horacio
Published: September 2024

Anorectal avulsion is a rare trauma. In this type of lesion, the anus and the sphincter complex are pulled up by a tremendous compression of the pelvic floor. Frequently, this trauma is associated with other injured organs, like pelvic bones or urethra. We report a case of a young man who was admitted with a total anorectal avulsion associated with a pelvic fracture. A multidisciplinary treatment included external fixation of the broken pelvis, suprapubic cystostomy, sigmoid loop colostomy and reimplanting the anal complex in the original position with appropriate drainage. Anorectal injuries are uncommon and represent about less than 10% of rectal trauma, but anorectal avulsion is extremely rare. These cases often require a quick decision making and multidisciplinary approaches to reduce the possibilities of morbidity and mortality.
Submandibular gland pleomorphic adenoma masquerading as a multinodular goitre: a case report
Authors: Chaudhary Hardik M. , Sathwara Kunal G. , Prajapati Ankit M. , Adhyaru Chirag D. , Bumatariya Divyesh J.
Published: September 2024

Tumors of the salivary gland comprise of a small percentage of all head and neck tumors, of which nearly 80% are benign. The submandibular gland tumors constitute only 5-10% of this group, of which pleomorphic adenoma is the commonest type. They can weigh several kilograms and grow to ludicrous sizes. If left untreated, they may result in facial deformity and airway compromise. We describe a case of a big pleomorphic adenoma arising from submandibular salivary gland that developed in a 65 years old female presenting as a swelling in right side of neck since 15 years. The dimensions of the lesion were roughly around 8×12×11 cm. During surgical examination, a solid mass that originated from the right submandibular gland was discovered to be linked to both the skin and the soft tissue beneath it. Pleomorphic adenoma was confirmed by histopathological examination. Review and discussion of the relevant literature was conducted. This article's emphasis is on the fact that, although the pleomorphic adenoma is a well-reported entity, they can attain very large sizes involving the neck region and can misrepresent itself leading to diagnostic dilemma due to many possible differential diagnoses of neck swellings.
A rare case of large femoral hematoma after femoral artery cannulation
Authors: Rathod Hemanshi K. , Sharma Apeksha S. , Dangi Rajvi N. , Dave Katha H. , Dalal Archana D.
Published: September 2024

Femoral vessel cannulation is a commonly performed procedure in clinical practice. However, hematomas are a frequent complication of this procedure. Notably, hematoma formation is more likely to occur with femoral arterial cannulation compared to venous cannulation. If a hematoma does form, management can range from external compression to surgical intervention. In this report, we present a rare case of a large femoral hematoma without external skin cover, which is an unusual presentation of a common complication associated with femoral vessel cannulation. An elderly female presented with complaints of a raw area, pain, and blackening at the site of femoral artery cannulation for 10 days. She underwent coronary angioplasty and stenting 20 days prior. On examination, she exhibited a large hematoma over the right groin at the cannulation site without external skin covering. She underwent hematoma debridement with a gracilis muscle flap covering of the exposed femoral vessels. Early recognition and prompt evacuation of hematoma, assessment of femoral vessel breach and its management, as well as plastic reconstruction of exposed vessels, are vital for favorable outcomes.
Endoscopic management of Boerhaave syndrome: a comprehensive review of techniques, outcomes and future directions
Authors: Rivera Nájera Sayra Karelia , Hernández Solís Eduardo Ibrahim , García Cruz Ethel Jenny
Published: September 2024

Boerhaave syndrome, characterized by spontaneous esophageal rupture, presents a critical condition requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality. Traditionally managed with surgical intervention, advancements in endoscopic techniques have emerged as viable alternatives, offering less invasive options with promising outcomes. This article provides a thorough review of the endoscopic management of Boerhaave syndrome, detailing the indications, techniques, and outcomes associated with various endoscopic approaches. We examine the role of esophageal stenting, clipping, and tissue sealants, alongside adjunctive therapies. Furthermore, we discuss patient selection criteria, procedural considerations, and potential complications. Our review highlights the evolving landscape of Boerhaave syndrome management, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and the need for further research to optimize patient outcomes.
Comparison of nasal masks or binasal prongs for delivering continuous positive airway pressure in preterm neonates of gestational age less than 32 weeks
Authors: Ul Ayoub Touseef , Quraishi Athar Ur Nisa
Published: September 2024

Background: Aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered by nasal masks vs binasal prongs.
Methods: This was observational trial where preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress were enrolled after parental consent. Participants: 145 neonates less than 32 weeks gestation requiring nasal CPAP (NCPAP) as a primary mode for respiratory distress, who were treated with either nasal mask (n=45) or nasal prongs (n=99) as interface. Primary outcome: Was the incidence of CPAP failure (need for mechanical ventilation at less than 72 hours).
Results: Failure rate in nasal mask group was 13% vs nasal prongs group was 39.4% and the difference was statistically significant. Secondary outcomes were mean FiO2 requirement at 6 hours, duration of CPAP therapy, hospital stay and nasal trauma. There was 3.7±5.78% reduction in oxygen requirement at 6 hours of CPAP initiation with nasal mask as compared to nasal prongs and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). the CPAP duration in nasal mask group was 3.4± 4.04 days vs nasal prongs group was 4.5±3.52 days and duration of hospital stay in nasal mask group was 15.4±14.19 vs in nasal prongs group was 20.2±13.86 and the both differences were also statistically significant(p<0.05). Nasal mask had no nasal injury (0%) as compared to infants on nasal prongs (23.2%) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: NCPAP with mask as interface is as effective as prongs but causes less nasal trauma and less CPAP duration and hospital stay.
Monogenic obesity in a familial cluster: insights into laurence-moon-bardet-biedl syndrome and leptin deficiency associated with genetic variants in BBS12 and LEPR genes
Authors: Rai Versha Rani , Zaidi Syeda Qissa Zehra , Noor Mohsina , Riaz Maira , Farooq Roomesa , Yasir Mehrunnisa
Published: September 2024

Monogenic obesity is a rare but clinically significant condition characterized by excessive weight gain due to genetic mutations that affect appetite regulation and energy balance. This case series explores the clinical presentation and genetic underpinnings of monogenic obesity in a familial cluster, focusing on Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (LMBBS) and leptin deficiency associated with genetic variants in the BBS1 and LEPR genes. The index patient, an 11-year-old female, presented with progressive weight gain since infancy, accompanied by acanthosis nigricans on the neck and axillary region. Genetic testing revealed mutations in both the BBS1 and LEPR genes, confirming a monogenic etiology of obesity. Remarkably, her two siblings and a cousin from the paternal side exhibited similar clinical profiles and shared the same genetic variants. This report shows the significance of genetic testing in diagnosing monogenic obesity disorders and highlights the familial clustering observed in such cases. The findings emphasize the need for heightened awareness and consideration of genetic factors in the evaluation of obesity, particularly in pediatric patients with a family history suggestive of monogenic obesity.
A rare case of total hip replacement in an 11-year-old female: rehabilitation goals and challenges - a case report
Authors: Paranjape Swati S. , Lokwani Muskaan D. , Keswani Pranav P. , Mohanty Shubhranshu S.
Published: September 2024

This case report describes a unique pediatric patient, the first and youngest in India, who underwent total hip replacement (THR) for right ankylosed hip. Patient presented with preoperative musculoskeletal deformities, posing challenges for postoperative rehabilitation. This 11-year-old female presented with non-traumatic insidious right hip pain, limping, right hip flexion and abduction deformity. Patient was diagnosed with idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip through exclusion and clinico-radiological findings. Patient underwent surgery for ceramic-on-ceramic THR. Fusion of triradiate cartilage and epiphysis and Risser’s skeletal maturity staging were confirmed. Postoperative examination revealed right hip flexion and abduction deformity resulting in pelvic obliquity, which led to limb length discrepancy and functional scoliosis. There was increased anterior pelvic tilt, altering the gait pattern. Adhering to THR restrictions, rehabilitation strategies were tailored to restore normal pelvic orientation and address deformities through manual stretching of right hip abductor, tensor fascia latae, iliopsoas and rectus femoris. A left-sided shoe raise was also given. Lumbar segmental muscle activation, pelvic floor muscle training and gait training were crucial parts of the rehabilitation protocol. At ten-week, prodigious outcomes were achieved in the form of complete pain relief, complete correction of abduction and flexion deformity, normal pelvic alignment in the frontal plane and independent, stable full weight-bearing ambulation after two years of disabling ordeal suffering. However, minimal compensation of the anterior pelvic tilt persisted. Rehabilitation of this challenging patient with multiple deformities achieved excellent outcomes at ten-week post-rehabilitation. Thus, a tailored meticulous rehabilitation program can significantly improve quality of life.
Analysis of epidemiological and clinicopathological risk factors for locoregional recurrence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: retrospective analysis of 150 patients with buccal mucosal carcinoma in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Govindasamy Gopu , Ganesan Selvakumar
Published: September 2024

Background: Oral cavity cancers, the second most common type in India, are responsible for 10% of the overall cancer burden. With a recurrence rate of 30% to 40% and a 5-year survival rate of 50%, these malignancies account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment modalities, survival rates following treatment completion have not improved significantly. The present study aimed to establish specific epidemiological and pathological factors which are responsible for recurrence after treatment completion in buccal mucosa cancers.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the data of 150 patients treated for biopsy-proven cancers of the buccal mucosa was undertaken 2 years after treatment completion. Factors such as age, sex, education, lymphovascular invasion, extranodal extension (ENE), perineural invasion, depth of invasion, and pathological margin status were compared between patients who presented with recurrence and those who did not. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.  
Results: Of the 150 patients, 52 (34.6%) developed a recurrent disease within 2 years. The mean age of the study population was 45.6 years, and males constituted 84% of the included patients. Ipsilateral buccal mucosa was the commonest site of disease recurrence. Neck node metastasis, ENE, and margins of resection <5 mm, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and depth of invasion >10 mm, tobacco consumption, smoking were significantly related to the recurrence of disease.
Conclusions: Neck node metastasis, ENE, and margins of resection <5 mm, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, depth of invasion >10 mm were the histopathological factors associated with recurrence in cancers of the buccal mucosa.
Relationship of anterior ethmoidal artery with skull base and posterior wall of frontal sinus: a computed tomography-based retrospective clinical study
Authors: J. Allen John , H. Gayathri , M. Vasanthakumar , R. Rajarajeshwari
Published: September 2024

Background: The close proximity of anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) to the skull base predisposes the artery to injury during ESS. This study aims to decipher the course of AEA and determine its relationship with the skull base and posterior wall of frontal sinus with the help of computed tomography.
Methods: The vertical distance between the skull base and the anterior ethmoidal foramen in the coronal scans, the horizontal distance between posterior wall of frontal sinus ostium and AEA in the sagittal scans and the number of intervening cells between posterior wall of frontal sinus and AEA were analyzed in CT scans of 75 patients over a period of six months.
Results: The AEA was lying 2.5-5 cm below the level of skull base in majority of the CT scans analyzed. Most of the CT scans studied demonstrated only a single intervening cell between posterior wall of frontal sinus ostium and AEA on either side. In our study there was a strong positive relationship between the AEA- skull base distance and between the AEA-posterior wall of frontal sinus distance on either side.
Conclusions: Distance between the AEA and skull base is variable, but a freely running AEA within a bony canal was a more common variant than skull base variant in our study. AEA-skull base distance and AEA-frontal sinus distance on right side correlated with values of left side indicating symmetrical course of the AEA on either side in an individual.
Transadaptation and validation of dysphagia handicap index in Bangla
Authors: Pal Paramita , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: September 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to transadapt and validate the Bangla version of DHI (DHI-B). The objective of the study was to translate and culturally adapt the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) in Bangla language.
Methods: Thirty individuals (mean age-42.23, SD±12.52) with dysphagia and an equal number of healthy individuals (mean age-28.23, SD±10.68) participated to fill up the questionnaire of DHI-B. Establishment of validity was done by comparing DHI-B scores of healthy controls and patients with dysphagia. Test–retest reproducibility, content validity and concurrent validity were established and internal consistency were used for reliability testing.
Results: The overall Cronbach’s α for DHI-B was 0.84, indicating good internal consistency. Pearson’s correlation on test–retest reliability of DHI-B was found to be 0.9. Correlation that achieved between subscales of DHI-B and total DHI-B was analysed using Pearson’s correlation which was found very high. Compared to the dysphagic group, the control group showed significantly lower scores for all scales.
Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that DHI-B showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Therefore, it could be claimed that for assessment of dysphagia related handicap in Bangla, DHI-B is a reliable and valid tool.
Comparison of voice quality in patients with oral cancer at both pre and post treatment stage
Authors: Sahoo Lokanath , Thakur Bandana , Kumar Manoj , Sharma Komal , Sasi Shraddha , Singh Nitu , Upadhyay Kiran , Kurkure Rahul , Sahoo Krushnendu Sundar
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients with oral cancer have very common complaints of change in voice. This research is designed to study the effect of oral cancer and its treatment on the various domains of voice like functional, physical, and emotional along with parameters of voice like pitch, loudness and quality.
Method: This study included total 48 participants (34 males and 14 females) with oral cancer. The voice quality of the participants was analysed both before and after treatment using Dr. speech and the voice handicap index (VHI). First, the voice analysis done when the patient was diagnosed as a case of oral cancer by the head-neck oncosurgeon after completion of all required investigations. Patients were recalled for voice analysis after completion of treatment.
Results: There was a significant difference observed in all three domains of the VHI at both before and after treatment. The difference in the functional domain was more prominent. The VHI was not linked to tumor or nodal staging. However, post treatment the voice parameters are greatly affected as compared to pre-treatment stage.
Conclusions: The administration of the VHI should be made mandatory prior to treatment of oral cancer and the findings of the test should be discussed with the patient prior to start of any treatment modality and accordingly the realistic expectations can be set. Therefore, voice analysis using Dr speech will also help in timely assessment and rehabilitation of voice before and after treatment.
Audit of hypocalcemia as a clinical marker following total thyroidectomy: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Mohanty Sanjeev , Padmanabhan Deepthi
Published: September 2024

Background: Surgical removal is one of the most important treatment options for the thyroid swellings. Metabolic derangement due to injury to parathyroid glands is one of the complication to be dealt with frequently. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and to analyze various pre-operative risk factors that lead to the same.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at department of ENT and head and neck surgery over a period of 2 years. The level of post-operative serum calcium was analyzed, to determine the incidence of hypocalcemia. In all the patients the following parameters were assessed – age, gender, pre and post-operative serum calcium and type of thyroid disease. Unpaired t test and Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.  
Results: The total study population was 65. The mean age of the patients was 45.5 and 83% of the patients were female. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia was noted to be 37%. Pre-operative serum calcium (p<0.0001) was found to be significant risk factor (p<0.05) for prediction of post-operative hypocalcaemia. The same was not noted between variables like age, gender and type of thyroid disease and incidence of hypocalcemia.
Conclusions: A thorough knowledge of normal anatomy of neck, possible anatomical variations and parathyroid physiology is of paramount importance to prevent complications during thyroid surgery. Early identification of hypocalcemia can be achieved only by stringent postoperative monitoring, which in turn will reduce morbidity to the patient.
Hybrid operating room for the multidisciplinary treatment of a juvenile nasoangiofibroma at the “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga” general hospital of Mexico: case report and literature review
Authors: Cabrera Maria Fernanda , Lule Maria Corina , Molina Fatima del Rosario , Jerez James Phillipe , Rodriguez Julia
Published: September 2024

Nasoangiofibroma or juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a highly vascularized benign neoplasm, which mainly affects men between the first and second decade of life. The incidence of this type of lesion is extremely rare and occurs in a 0.05 to 0.5% of all head and neck neoplasm, in which surgical treatment is considered the best treatment option. Treatment of this pathology in a hybrid operating room is considered a novel tool, to carry out an effective multidisciplinary intervention, granting better control of the procedure and hemostasis. The purpose of this publication is to describe the advantages of performing surgery in a hybrid operating room, as well as to conduct a literature review on this condition. Two cases are reported, a 14 and 16-years old male, both with a probable diagnosis of juvenile nasoangiofibroma. The surgical treatment was carried out in the hybrid operating room of the General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga” by the otorhinolaryngology and the oral and maxillofacial surgery department after embolization by the interventional radiology team.