bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Stridor and Respiratory Failure due to Retrosternal Subglottic Stenosis of Unknown Origin
Authors: Vithanage Tharindu , Keijzers Gerben , Willis Nicola Jane , Cochrane Tara , Smith Linda
Published: July 2013

Respiratory failure due to subglottic stenosis is a rare but serious condition. A 22-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath, stridor, and change in tone of voice. The patient did not complain of B-symptoms (fever, weight loss, and night sweats). In the week before this presentation, he was diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection with associated bronchospasm and discharged on oral antibiotics and inhaled salbutamol without effect. He developed hypercapnic respiratory failure in the ED after a coughing episode. A normal nasopharyngoscopic examination and a subtle mediastinal abnormality on chest radiograph lead to a working diagnosis of retrosternal subglottic obstruction. The complexities of his airway management and suggestions for multidisciplinary approach are discussed.
Composite Iterative Algorithms for Variational Inequality and Fixed Point Problems in Real Smooth and Uniformly Convex Banach Spaces
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Wen Ching-Feng
Published: July 2013

We introduce composite implicit and explicit iterative algorithms for solving a general system of variational inequalities and a common fixed point problem of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings in a real smooth and uniformly convex Banach space. These composite iterative algorithms are based on Korpelevich's extragradient method and viscosity approximation method. We first consider and analyze a composite implicit iterative algorithm in the setting of uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth Banach space and then another composite explicit iterative algorithm in a uniformly convex Banach space with a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. Under suitable assumptions, we derive some strong convergence theorems. The results presented in this paper improve, extend, supplement, and develop the corresponding results announced in the earlier and very recent literatures.
Predictive Factors of Potential Malignant Transformation in Recurrent Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor: Review of the Literature
Authors: Mokhtari Sepideh , Mohsenifar Zhaleh , Ghorbanpour Maedeh
Published: July 2013

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) demonstrates considerable diversity in histopathology and clinical behavior. Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC) is the rare malignant counterpart of CCOT and it frequently arises from malignant transformation of a recurrent CCOT. In this paper, we present a case of CCOT and discuss its distinct histopathologic features in recurrence. Then, we will have a review on clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of GCOC in the literature. Predictive factors of malignant transformation in a benign CCOT will also be discussed.
Simulation of Stress Distribution near Weld Line in the Viscoelastic Melt Mold Filling Process
Authors: Yang Binxin , Ouyang Jie , Wang Fang
Published: July 2013

Simulations of interface evolution and stress distribution near weld line in the viscoelastic melt mold filling process are achieved according to the viscoelastic-Newtonian two-phase model. The finite volume methods on nonstaggered grids are used to solve the model. The level set method is used to capture the melt interface. The interface evolution of the viscoelastic melt in the mold filling process with an insert in is captured accurately and compared with the result obtained in the experiment. Numerical results show that the stress distribution is anisotropic near the weld line district and the stress distribution varies greatly at different positions of the weld line district due to the complicated flow behavior after the two streams of melt meet. The stress increases quickly near the weld line district and then decreases gradually until reaching the tail of the mold cavity. The maximum value of the stress appears at some point after the insert.
Energy-Aware Adaptive Cooperative FEC Protocol in MIMO Channel for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jin Yong , Bai Guangwei
Published: July 2013

We propose an adaptive cooperative forward error correction (ACFEC) based on energy efficiency combining Reed-Solomon (RS) coder algorithm and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel technology with monitoring signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in wireless sensor networks. First, we propose a new Markov chain model for FEC based on RS codes and derive the expressions for QoS on the basis of this model, which comprise four metrics: throughput, packet error rate, delay, and energy efficiency. Then, we apply RS codes with the MIMO channel technology to the cross-layer design. Numerical and simulation results show that the joint design of MIMO and adaptive cooperative FEC based on RS codes can achieve considerable spectral efficiency gain, real-time performance, reliability, and energy utility.
Two-Stage Approach for Protein Superfamily Classification
Authors: Vipsita Swati , Rath Santanu Ku.
Published: July 2013

We deal with the problem of protein superfamily classification in which the family membership of newly discovered amino acid sequence is predicted. Correct prediction is a matter of great concern for the researchers and drug analyst which helps them in discovery of new drugs. As this problem falls broadly under the category of pattern classification problem, we have made all efforts to optimize feature extraction in the first stage and classifier design in the second stage with an overall objective to maximize the performance accuracy of the classifier. In the feature extraction phase, Genetic Algorithm- (GA-) based wrapper approach is used to select few eigenvectors from the principal component analysis (PCA) space which are encoded as binary strings in the chromosome. On the basis of position of 1’s in the chromosome, the eigenvectors are selected to build the transformation matrix which then maps the original high-dimension feature space to lower dimension feature space. Using PCA-NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting GA), the nondominated solutions obtained from the Pareto front solve the trade-off problem by compromising between the number of eigenvectors selected and the accuracy obtained by the classifier. In the second stage, recursive orthogonal least square algorithm (ROLSA) is used for training radial basis function network (RBFN) to select optimal number of hidden centres as well as update the output layer weighting matrix. This approach can be applied to large data set with much lower requirements of computer memory. Thus, very small architectures having few number of hidden centres are obtained showing higher level of performance accuracy.
Record of the Climatic Variability and the Sedimentary Dynamics during the Last Two Millennia at Sebkha Dkhila, Eastern Tunisia
Authors: Essefi Elhoucine , Touir Jamel , Tagorti Mohamed Ali , Yaich Chokri
Published: July 2013

This paper aimed to study the record of the climatic variability during the last two millennia within the sebkha of Dkhila. Six climatic stages were recognized along the 104 cm core: the Warming Present (WP), the Late Little Ice Age (Late LIA), the Early Little Ice Age (ELIA), the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA), the Dark Age (DA), and the Roman Warm Period (RWP). The WP stretches along the uppermost 1 cm with a high grey scale as sign of a dry climate. The Late LIA is located between 1 cm and 6 cm. The ELIA is located between 6 cm and 40 cm. The MCA spanning from 40 cm to 72 cm is marked by a sharp increase of the GS revealing a wet period. The DA appears along the part between 72 cm and 84 cm; a shift from light to dark sediments is recorded. The RWP appears between 84 cm and 104 cm. Based on the grain size distribution, two low frequency cycles were identified indicating radical global changes of climatic conditions, the differential tectonics, and the groundwater fluctuations. On the other hand, high frequency cycles indicate local modifications of the climatic conditions.
A Minor Modification of Direct Browplasty Technique in a Patient with Brow Ptosis Secondary to Facial Paralysis: Copy-Paste-Excise and Stitch
Authors: Taskiran Comez Arzu , Gencer Baran , Kara Selcuk , Tufan Hasan Ali
Published: July 2013

Purpose. This report aimed to describe a minor modification of the traditional direct browplasty technique that aids in surgical planning for patients with brow ptosis secondary to facial paralysis without changing the shape of the brow.Case Report. A 74-year-old male patient with left facial paralysis secondary to chronic otitis media was referred with a complaint of low vision due to brow ptosis. We performed direct browplasty with a minor modification in order to aid a treatment customized to the patient. In this technique, a transparent film paper is used to copy the brow shape. A brow-shaped excision is facilitated just superior to the ptotic brow.Conclusion. The authors found that thecopy-paste-exciseandstitch techniquewas effective and successful for deciding the shape and the amount of excision that should be performed in patients with brow ptosis without resulting in asymmetrical, arched, and feminized brows.
Notch1-Induced Brain Tumor Models the Sonic Hedgehog Subgroup of Human Medulloblastoma
Authors: Natarajan Sivaraman , Li Yaochen , Miller Emily E. , Shih David J. , Taylor Michael D. , Stearns Timothy M. , Bronson Roderick T. , Ackerman Susan L. , Yoon Jeong K. , Yun Kyuson
Published: July 2013

While activation of the Notch pathway is observed in many human cancers, it is unknown whether elevated Notch1 expression is sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis in most tissues. To test the oncogenic potential of Notch1 in solid tumors, we expressed an activated form of Notch1 (N1ICD) in the developing mouse brain. N1ICD;hGFAP-cre mice were viable but developed severe ataxia and seizures, and died by weaning age. Analysis of transgenic embryo brains revealed that N1ICD expression induced p53-dependent apoptosis. When apoptosis was blocked by genetic deletion of p53, 30% to 40% of N1ICD;GFAP-cre;p53+/− and N1ICD;GFAP-cre;p53−/− mice developed spontaneous medulloblastomas. Interestingly, N1ICD-induced medulloblastomas most closely resembled the sonic hedgehog subgroup of human medulloblastoma at the molecular level. Surprisingly, N1ICD-induced tumors do not maintain high levels of the Notch pathway gene expression, except for Notch2, showing that initiating oncogenic events may not be decipherable by analyzing growing tumors in some cases. In summary, this study shows that Notch1 has an oncogenic potential in the brain when combined with other oncogenic hits, such as p53 loss, and provides a novel mouse model of medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5381–90. ©2013 AACR.
Diagnostic Chest X-Rays and Breast Cancer Risk before Age 50 Years for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: John Esther M. , McGuire Valerie , Thomas Duncan , Haile Robert , Ozcelik Hilmi , Milne Roger L. , Felberg Anna , West Dee W. , Miron Alexander , Knight Julia A. , Terry Mary Beth , Daly Mary , Buys Saundra S. , Andrulis Irene L. , Hopper John L. , Southey Melissa C. , Giles Graham G. , Apicella Carmel , Thorne Heather ,   for the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), Whittemore Alice S.
Published: July 2013

Background: The effects of low-dose medical radiation on breast cancer risk are uncertain, and few studies have included genetically susceptible women, such as those who carry germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

Methods: We studied 454 BRCA1 and 273 BRCA2 mutation carriers ages younger than 50 years from three breast cancer family registries in the United States, Canada, and Australia/New Zealand. We estimated breast cancer risk associated with diagnostic chest X-rays by comparing mutation carriers with breast cancer (cases) with those without breast cancer (controls). Exposure to chest X-rays was self-reported. Mammograms were not considered in the analysis.

Results: After adjusting for known risk factors for breast cancer, the ORs for a history of diagnostic chest X-rays, excluding those for tuberculosis or pneumonia, were 1.16 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64–2.11] for BRCA1 mutations carriers and 1.22 (95% CI, 0.62–2.42) for BRCA2 mutations carriers. The OR was statistically elevated for BRCA2 mutation carriers with three to five diagnostic chest X-rays (P = 0.01) but not for those with six or more chest X-rays. Few women reported chest fluoroscopy for tuberculosis or chest X-rays for pneumonia; the OR estimates were elevated, but not statistically significant, for BRCA1 mutation carriers.

Conclusions: Our findings do not support a positive association between diagnostic chest X-rays and breast cancer risk before the ages of 50 years for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Impact: Given the increasing use of diagnostic imaging involving higher ionizing radiation doses, further studies of genetically predisposed women are warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(9); 1547–56. ©2013 AACR.
Tobacco Smoke Exposure and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid Leukemias by Cytogenetic Subtype
Authors: Metayer Catherine , Zhang Luoping , Wiemels Joseph L. , Bartley Karen , Schiffman Joshua , Ma Xiaomei , Aldrich Melinda C. , Chang Jeffrey S. , Selvin Steve , Fu Cecilia H. , Ducore Jonathan , Smith Martyn T. , Buffler Patricia A.
Published: July 2013

Background: Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens known to damage somatic and germ cells. We investigated the effect of tobacco smoke on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML), especially subtypes of prenatal origin such as ALL with translocation t(12;21) or high-hyperdiploidy (51–67 chromosomes).

Methods: We collected information on exposures to tobacco smoking before conception, during pregnancy, and after birth in 767 ALL cases, 135 AML cases, and 1,139 controls (1996–2008). Among cases, chromosome translocations, deletions, or aneuploidy were identified by conventional karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Results: Multivariable regression analyses for ALL and AML overall showed no definite evidence of associations with self-reported (yes/no) parental prenatal active smoking and child's passive smoking. However, children with history of paternal prenatal smoking combined with postnatal passive smoking had a 1.5-fold increased risk of ALL [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–2.23], compared to those without smoking history (ORs for pre- or postnatal smoking only were close to one). This joint effect was seen for B-cell precursor ALL with t(12;21) (OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.04–4.16), but not high hyperdiploid B-cell ALL. Similarly, child's passive smoking was associated with an elevated risk of AML with chromosome structural changes (OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.01–7.58), but not aneuploidy.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that exposure to tobacco smoking was associated with increased risks of childhood ALL and AML; and risks varied by timing of exposure (before and/or after birth) and cytogenetic subtype, based on imprecise estimates.

Impact: Parents should limit exposures to tobacco smoke before and after the child's birth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(9); 1600–11. ©2013 AACR.
Angiogenin Mediates Androgen-Stimulated Prostate Cancer Growth and Enables Castration Resistance
Authors: Li Shuping , Hu Miaofen G. , Sun Yeqing , Yoshioka Norie , Ibaragi Soichiro , Sheng Jinghao , Sun Guangjie , Kishimoto Koji , Hu Guo-Fu
Published: July 2013

The androgen receptor (AR) is a critical effector of prostate cancer development and progression. Androgen-dependent prostate cancer is reliant on the function of AR for growth and progression. Most castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains dependent on AR signaling for survival and growth. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is essential for both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer cells. During androgen-dependent growth of prostate cells, androgen-AR signaling leads to the accumulation of rRNA. However, the mechanism by which AR regulates rRNA transcription is unknown. Here, investigation revealed that angiogenin (ANG), a member of the secreted ribonuclease superfamily, is upregulated in prostate cancer and mediates androgen-stimulated rRNA transcription in prostate cancer cells. Upon androgen stimulation, ANG undergoes nuclear translocation in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, where it binds to the rDNA promoter and stimulates rRNA transcription. ANG antagonists inhibit androgen-induced rRNA transcription and cell proliferation in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, ANG also mediates androgen-independent rRNA transcription through a mechanism that involves its constitutive nuclear translocation in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells, resulting in a constant rRNA overproduction and thereby stimulating cell proliferation. Critically, ANG overexpression in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells enables castration-resistant growth of otherwise androgen-dependent cells. Thus, ANG-stimulated rRNA transcription is not only an essential component for androgen-dependent growth of prostate cancer but also contributes to the transition of prostate cancer from androgen-dependent to castration-resistant growth status.

Implications: The ability of angiogenin to regulate rRNA transcription and prostate cancer growth makes it a viable target for therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 11(10); 1203–14. ©2013 AACR.
Cheliensisin A Inhibits EGF-Induced Cell Transformation with Stabilization of p53 Protein Via a Hydrogen Peroxide/Chk1-Dependent Axis
Authors: Zhang Jingjie , Gao Guangxun , Chen Liang , Deng Xu , Li Jingxia , Yu Yonghui , Zhang Dongyun , Li Fei , Zhang Min , Zhao Qinshi , Huang Chuanshu
Published: July 2013

Cheliensisin A (Chel A), a novel styryl-lactone isolated from Goniothalamus cheliensis Hu, has been shown to induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with Bcl-2 downregulation. Yet, the potential chemopreventive effect of Chel A has not been explored. Here, we showed that Chel A treatment with various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 μmol/L) for 3 weeks could dramatically inhibit EGF-induced cell transformation in Cl41 cells (IC50 ∼2.0 μmol/L). Also, coincubation of Cl41 cells with Chel A (2.0 and 4.0 μmol/L) for 48 hours could induce cell apoptosis in a caspase-3–dependent manner. Mechanically, Chel A treatment could result in increased p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 and elevated p53 total protein expression. Moreover, we found that p53 induction by Chel A was regulated at the protein degradation level, but not at either the transcription or the mRNA level. Further studies showed that p53 stabilization by Chel A was mediated via induction of phosphorylation and activation of Chk1 protein at Ser345. This notion was substantiated by the results that transfection of dominant negative mutant of Chk1 (GFP-Chk1 D130A) significantly attenuated the p53 protein expression, cell apoptosis, and inhibition of cell transformation by Chel A. Finally, increased hydrogen peroxide was found to mediate Chk1 phosphorylation at Ser345, p53 protein induction, cell apoptotic induction, and transformation inhibition following Chel A treatment. Taken together, our studies identify Chel A as a chemopreventive agent with the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. Cancer Prev Res; 6(9); 949–58. ©2013 AACR.
Chemoprevention of Colon and Small Intestinal Tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ Mice By SHetA2 (NSC721689) without Toxicity
Authors: Benbrook Doris Mangiaracina , Guruswamy Suresh , Wang Yuhong , Sun Zhongjie , Mohammed Altaf , Zhang Yuting , Li Qian , Rao Chinthalapally V.
Published: July 2013

The occurrence of intestinal polyps in people at high risk for developing colorectal cancer provides an opportunity to test the efficacy of chemoprevention agents. In this situation of treating otherwise healthy people, the potential for toxicity must be minimal. The small-molecule flexible heteroarotinoid (Flex-Het), called SHetA2, has chemoprevention activity in organotypic cultures in vitro and lack of toxicity at doses capable of inhibiting xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate SHetA2 chemoprevention activity and toxicity in the APCmin/+ murine model. Oral administration of SHetA2 at 30 and 60 mg/kg five days per week for 12 weeks significantly reduced development of intestinal polyps by 40% to 60% depending on the dose and sex of the treatment group. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis of polyps showed reduced levels of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in both SHetA2 treatment groups. Western blot analysis also showed SHetA2 induction of E-cadherin, Bax, and caspase-3 cleavage along with reduction in Bcl-2, COX-2, and VEGF, consistent with SHetA2 regulation of apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Neither dose caused weight loss nor gross toxicity in APCmin/+ or wild-type littermates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cardiac function showed no evidence of SHetA2 toxicity. SHetA2 did not alter left ventricular wall thickness. In summary, SHetA2 exerts chemoprevention activity without overt or cardiac toxicity in the APCmin/+ model. SHetA2 modulation of biomarkers in colon polyps identifies potential pharmacodynamic endpoints for SHetA2 clinical trials. Cancer Prev Res; 6(9); 908–16. ©2013 AACR.
An Endogenously Produced Fragment of Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C Is Pathogenic and Can Lead to Heart Failure
Authors: Razzaque Md. Abdur , Gupta Manish , Osinska Hanna , Gulick James , Blaxall Burns C. , Robbins Jeffrey
Published: July 2013

Rationale
:

A stable 40-kDa fragment is produced from cardiac myosin-binding protein C when the heart is stressed using a stimulus, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Elevated levels of the fragment can be detected in the diseased mouse and human heart, but its ability to interfere with normal cardiac function in the intact animal is unexplored.

Objective
:

To understand the potential pathogenicity of the 40-kDa fragment in vivo and to investigate the molecular pathways that could be targeted for potential therapeutic intervention.

Methods and Results
:

We generated cardiac myocyte–specific transgenic mice using a Tet-Off inducible system to permit controlled expression of the 40-kDa fragment in cardiomyocytes. When expression of the 40-kDa protein is induced by crossing the responder animals with tetracycline transactivator mice under conditions in which substantial quantities approximating those observed in diseased hearts are reached, the double-transgenic mice subsequently experience development of sarcomere dysgenesis and altered cardiac geometry, and the heart fails between 12 and 17 weeks of age. The induced double-transgenic mice had development of cardiac hypertrophy with myofibrillar disarray and fibrosis, in addition to activation of pathogenic MEK–ERK pathways. Inhibition of MEK–ERK signaling was achieved by injection of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK inhibitor U0126. The drug effectively improved cardiac function, normalized heart size, and increased probability of survival.

Conclusions
:

These results suggest that the 40-kDa cardiac myosin-binding protein C fragment, which is produced at elevated levels during human cardiac disease, is a pathogenic fragment that is sufficient to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
Elderly Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Managed Without Revascularization
Authors: Roe Matthew T. , Goodman Shaun G. , Ohman E. Magnus , Stevens Susanna R. , Hochman Judith S. , Gottlieb Shmuel , Martinez Felipe , Dalby Anthony J. , Boden William E. , White Harvey D. , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Winters Kenneth J. , Aylward Philip E. , Bassand Jean-Pierre , McGuire Darren K. , Ardissino Diego , Fox Keith A. A. , Armstrong Paul W.
Published: July 2013

Background—

Dual antiplatelet therapy in older versus younger patients with acute coronary syndromes is understudied. Low-dose prasugrel (5 mg/d) is recommended for younger, lower-body-weight patients and elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes to mitigate the bleeding risk of standard-dose prasugrel (10 mg/d).

Methods and Results—

A total of 9326 medically managed patients with acute coronary syndromes from the Targeted Platelet Inhibition to Clarify the Optimal Strategy to Medically Manage Acute Coronary Syndromes (TRILOGY ACS) trial (<75 years of age, n=7243; ≥75 years of age, n=2083) were randomized to prasugrel (10 mg/d; 5 mg/d for those ≥75 or <75 years of age and <60 kg in weight) or clopidogrel (75 mg/d) plus aspirin for ≤30 months. A total of 515 participants ≥75 years of age (25% of total elderly population) had serial platelet reactivity unit measurements in a platelet-function substudy. Cumulative risks of the primary end point (cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction/stroke) and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleeding increased progressively with age and were ≥2-fold higher in older participants. Among those ≥75 years of age, TIMI major bleeding (4.1% versus 3.4%; hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–2.08) and the primary end point rates were similar with reduced-dose prasugrel and clopidogrel. Despite a correlation between lower 30-day on-treatment platelet reactivity unit values and lower weight only in the prasugrel group, there was a nonsignificant treatment-by-weight interaction for platelet reactivity unit values among participants ≥75 years of age in the platelet-function substudy (
P
=0.06). No differences in weight were seen in all participants ≥75 years of age with versus without TIMI major/minor bleeding in both treatment groups.

Conclusions—

Older age is associated with substantially increased long-term cardiovascular risk and bleeding among patients with medically managed acute coronary syndromes, with no differences in ischemic or bleeding outcomes with reduced-dose prasugrel compared with clopidogrel in elderly patients. No significant interactions among weight, pharmacodynamic response, and bleeding risk were observed between reduced-dose prasugrel and clopidogrel in elderly patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home
. Unique identifier: NCT0069999.
The genus Cymodoce Leach, 1814 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae) in the Persian Gulf with description of a new species
Authors: KHALAJI-PIRBALOUTY VALIALLAH , BRUCE NIEL L. , WÄGELE JOHANN-WOLFGANG
Published: July 2013

Cymodoce truncata (Leach, 1814), the type species of the genus, C. zanzibarensis (Stebbing, 1910) and C. richardsoniae (Nobili, 1906) are redescribed based on type specimens or topotypic material, and a neotype is designated for Cymodoce richardsoniae. A revised generic diagnosis and description is provided for the genus Cymodoce. Cymodoce delvarii sp. nov. is described from the subtidal zone of the Iranian coasts of the Persian Gulf.
On Callistocypris thailandensis sp. nov. (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Thailand
Authors: Savatenalinton Sukonthip , Martens Koen
Published: July 2013

Callistocypris thailandensis sp. nov. is here described from terrestrial habitat in Khao Yai National Park, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. The new species differs from the other three Callistocypris species in the shape of carapace, the presence of strong longitudinal ridges on the ventral part of the valves and the chaetotaxy of several limbs. Zoogeo-graphy and ecology of the genus are briefly discussed.
Challenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland's Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing
Authors: Straneo Fiammetta , Heimbach Patrick , Sergienko Olga , Hamilton Gordon , Catania Ginny , Griffies Stephen , Hallberg Robert , Jenkins Adrian , Joughin Ian , Motyka Roman , Pfeffer W. Tad , Price Stephen F. , Rignot Eric , Scambos Ted , Truffer Martin , Vieli Andreas
Published: July 2013

The recent retreat and speedup of outlet glaciers, as well as enhanced surface melting around the ice sheet margin, have increased Greenland's contribution to sea level rise to 0.6 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 and its discharge of freshwater into the North Atlantic. The widespread, near-synchronous glacier retreat, and its coincidence with a period of oceanic and atmospheric warming, suggests a common climate driver. Evidence points to the marine margins of these glaciers as the region from which changes propagated inland. Yet, the forcings and mechanisms behind these dynamic responses are poorly understood and are either missing or crudely parameterized in climate and ice sheet models. Resulting projected sea level rise contributions from Greenland by 2100 remain highly uncertain.

This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights key physical aspects of Greenland's coupled ice sheet–ocean–atmosphere system. Three research thrusts are identified to yield fundamental insights into ice sheet, ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere interactions, their role in Earth's climate system, and probable trajectories of future changes: 1) focused process studies addressing critical glacier, ocean, atmosphere, and coupled dynamics; 2) sustained observations at key sites; and 3) inclusion of relevant dynamics in Earth system models.

Understanding the dynamic response of Greenland's glaciers to climate forcing constitutes both a scientific and technological frontier, given the challenges of obtaining the appropriate measurements from the glaciers' marine termini and the complexity of the dynamics involved, including the coupling of the ocean, atmosphere, glacier, and sea ice systems. Interdisciplinary and international cooperation are crucial to making progress on this novel and complex problem.
Zonal Oscillation of Western Pacific Subtropical High and Subseasonal SST Variations during Yangtze Persistent Heavy Rainfall Events
Authors: Ren Xuejuan , Yang Xiu-Qun , Sun Xuguang
Published: July 2013

This study examines the relationship between the zonal oscillation of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and underneath sea surface temperature (SST) variation on a subseasonal time scale, associated with the persistent heavy rainfall (PHR) events over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (MLYRV) in China. A total of 76 PHR events and 45 break events in the summers of 1979–2011 are first identified over the MLYRV and divided into early and late summer groups. During the PHR events over the MLYRV for both groups, the WPSH stretches more westward, accompanied by the positive anomalies of the 500-hPa geopotential height field over East Asia and its coastal region south of 30°N and the subseasonal warmer SSTs beneath the WPSH western edge. The time-lagged composites suggest that the WPSH western edge exhibits westward-then-eastward migration on a subseasonal time scale for the PHR events. The zonal changes of the WPSH and anomalous circulation and SST anomaly (SSTA) signals for break events is almost the mirror image of that for the PHR events for the early summer group. Accompanied by the WPSH westward extension, the increased incident solar radiation and decreased latent heat flux over the coastal region of East Asia contribute to the positive SSTAs beneath the western part of the WPSH. The positive SSTAs construct a convective instability that provides an adverse condition for maintaining the anticyclonic anomalies in the mid–lower levels. The persistent SST warming is also favorable to the transition of low-level circulation from anticyclonic to cyclonic anomalies over the coastal region. As a result, the WPSH withdraws eastward after the peak of the rainfall events over the MLYRV.
The role of ideas in EU responses to international crises: Comparing the cases of Iraq and Iran
Authors: Kienzle Benjamin
Published: July 2013

This article examines how cognitive and normative ideas influence the ability of the European Union (EU) to formulate common policies in response to international crises such as the 2002–2003 Iraq crisis and the Iranian nuclear crisis (since 2002). It argues that in crisis situations, i.e. in highly uncertain circumstances, ideas often become the principal guide for policy-makers. More specifically, ideas foster interpretations of a crisis along several core themes: above all, how the crisis issue is perceived, which means are deemed to be legitimate and/or effective and, depending on the particular crisis, how other relevant themes are seen, e.g. the appropriate relationship with the United States. Thus, the formulation of common EU crisis response depends on the convergence of these interpretations in Member States – as in the Iran crisis. On the contrary, if Member States’ interpretations diverge beyond a common ‘ideational space’ – as in the case of Iraq – dissonance will be the probable outcome.
The Effect of Police Contact
Authors: Wiley Stephanie A. , Esbensen Finn-Aage
Published: July 2013

Current police policies are based on assumptions that proactive policing strategies will not only deter crime but will also improve police–community relations. Deterrence theorists argue that general and specific deterrence can be achieved through such policing strategies. Labeling proponents, however, maintain that juveniles stopped and/or arrested by the police, rather than be deterred, will actually engage in more delinquency as a result of this contact. Research to date has provided mixed evidence. The current study seeks to inform this debate by examining the effect of being stopped or arrested on subsequent delinquent behavior and attitudes. Relying on three waves of data from a multisite sample of youth, we use propensity score matching to control for preexisting differences among youth who have and have not experienced police contact. Our findings reveal that being stopped or arrested not only increases future delinquency but also amplifies deviant attitudes.
A Spurious Relationship of Gender Equality With Female Homicide Victimization
Authors: Chon Don Soo
Published: July 2013

Based on “amelioration,” “backlash,” and routine activity/lifestyle theories, the present study tested the impacts of both absolute and relative gender equality on female homicide victimization. The present cross-national examination developed several regression models by employing female homicide victimization data from the World Health Organization for 124 countries. Women’s absolute educational status and relative social status indices displayed significant relationships with female homicide victimization rates. However, significant associations of these two variables with female homicide victimization disappeared when important control variables—such as the gross domestic product, income inequality, and ethnic heterogeneity—were introduced in the regression models. Thus, the findings suggest that the relationship between gender equality and female homicide victimization is, at best, spurious.
Toward a Sustainable Faucet Design
Authors: Golan Aidai , Fenko Anna
Published: July 2013

People form their judgments of everyday phenomena based on multisensory information. This study investigates the relative impact of visual and auditory information on the perception of running tap water. Two visual and two auditory stimuli were combined to create four different combinations of high and low volumetric flow rate of tap water (the volume of water which passes through a faucet per time unit). Participants in each condition were asked to judge how long it would take to fill up a one-liter water bottle. The results demonstrate that the judgments were significantly influenced by visual and auditory information. Our data suggest that auditory information can play a significant role in everyday experience of running tap water even though participants are normally unaware of the effect of audition. These findings open the door to the idea of using auditory feedback of products in the context of proenvironmental behavior.
Poesia e Risorgimento fuori d’Italia
Authors: Fontanella Luigi
Published: July 2013

Questo scritto esamina la poesia del Risorgimento Italiano prodotta fuori d'Italia. Per molti versi, tale poesia può considerarsi come un'importante componente del ben più vasto fenomeno del Romanticismo Europeo. Poeti di grande rilevanza, come Ugo Foscolo – che può considerarsi un precursore del Risorgimento Italiano – Giovanni Berchet, Giovanni Visconti Venosta e altri, vissero buona parte della loro vita in esilio, sia perchè banditi politicamente dall'Italia sia per l'espatrio da loro stessi voluto. La loro attività fuori d'Italia contribuì fortemente alla causa italiana, all'unità e all'indipendenza della loro nazione natia. In particolare, questo saggio esamina la posizione del Foscolo e del Berchet, quali figure esemplari di questo specifico fenomeno avvenuto fuori dall'Italia, i cui riflessi e le cui ripercussioni furono molto funzionali al processo stesso di unificazione e indipendenza italiana.
Monumental Italians: Machiavelli, Risorgimento and nation-building in Chile
Authors: Vilches Patricia
Published: July 2013

‘Thus, one should not let this opportunity pass, for Italy, after so much time, to see her redeemer. I cannot express with what love he would be received in all those provinces that have suffered from these floods from outside’ (Machiavelli and Mansfield, 1998: 105).

Using the theories of Niccolò Machiavelli, I study in this article, from a transatlantic perspective, Italians who helped build the Chilean nation. Italians did not emigrate to Chile on a grand scale; however, the success of those immigrants is a study in fortuna and virtù. Those honored by Chile with ‘monuments,’ or those who built edifices of their own, such as Pastene, Rondizzoni and Toesca, among others, can be called ‘monuments of Italian identity’ in Chile. In this context, Machiavelli's oeuvre serves as a rhetorical framework for understanding the actions of Italians who fought for and helped shape the Chilean nation.
American writers in Rome during the Risorgimento
Authors: Livorni Ernesto
Published: July 2013

A number of writers from the USA lived in Italy during the years of the unification of Italy, both during the years of the Roman Republic and after Rome had become the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. Among the most important figures were William Dean Howells, Margaret Fuller, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mark Twain and Henry James. In some of their writings, these authors discuss several aspects of Rome, taking into consideration especially the artistic importance of the city, but also and inevitably its social and political relevance in the Risorgimento.
The Muslim world and the Italian identity: New directions for historical research
Authors: Vanoli Alessandro
Published: July 2013

Is it possible to write a history of the relationship between Islam and Italian identity? This paper refuses the possibility of a history progressing uninterrupted from the Middle Ages to the present day. In order to verify other possible approaches, the author proposes to consider the history of Italy and Islam by identifying specific subjects, or thematic spaces: war and politics, diplomatic relationships, trading history; but also an analysis of the contacts between groups and individuals (for example slaves and renegades) and other cultural exchanges. Finally, the article considers the contemporary problems posed by imperialism and orientalism in the 19th and 20th centuries and by the recent migratory movements which have led to a new Muslim presence within Italian territory.
The Culturally Intelligent Team
Authors: Adair Wendi L. , Hideg Ivona , Spence Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2013

This study examines how the cultural heterogeneity of work teams moderates the way in which team cultural intelligence (CQ) affects the development of team shared values. Utilizing the four-factor model of CQ, we predict how each facet of CQ will impact the development of shared values in relatively early stages of team development differently for culturally homogeneous versus culturally heterogeneous work teams. We operationalize team shared values as the degree to which a broad set of cultural values are similarly endorsed by team members as guiding principles when working in their team. Results show that behavioral and metacognitive CQ had a positive effect on shared values in culturally heterogeneous teams; however, motivational and metacognitive CQ had a negative effect on shared values in culturally homogeneous teams. All effects were observed in the early stages of team development. Having uncovered positive and negative effects of CQ for shared values in work teams, we discuss implications for theory and practice around this form of cultural competence.
Cognitive and Mathematical Profiles for Different Forms of Learning Difficulties
Authors: Cirino Paul T. , Fuchs Lynn S. , Elias John T. , Powell Sarah R. , Schumacher Robin F.
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare subgroups of students with various forms of learning difficulties (< 25th percentile) on cognitive and mathematics characteristics. Students with mathematics difficulty (MD, n = 105), reading difficulty (RD, n = 65), both (MDRD, n = 87), or neither (NoLD, n = 403) were evaluated on an array of cognitive measures (e.g., working memory and language) and on mathematics measures of foundational numerical competencies, computation, and problem solving. Results revealed expected level differences among groups in both domains: NoLD outperformed RD, and MD outperformed MDRD. Profile differences were noted among pairs of subgroups on cognitive measures. On mathematics measures, profile differences were noted between RD and other subgroups, but not between MD and MDRD subgroups. The most discriminating cognitive measures were processing speed and language; the most discriminating mathematics measures depended on the subgroups being compared. Results were further evaluated according to more severe (< 10th percentile) criteria for MD and RD, which generally affected level differences more than the profile patterns. Results have implications for understanding comorbid MD and RD and for conceptualizing core deficits in MD.
Examining the Measurement Precision and Invariance of the Revised Get Ready to Read!
Authors: Farrington Amber L. , Lonigan Christopher J.
Published: July 2013

Children’s emergent literacy skills are highly predictive of later reading abilities. To determine which children have weaker emergent literacy skills and are in need of intervention, it is necessary to assess emergent literacy skills accurately and reliably. In this study, 1,351 children were administered the Revised Get Ready to Read! (GRTR-R), and an item response theory analysis was used to evaluate the item-level reliability of the measure. Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses were conducted to examine whether items function similarly between subpopulations of children. The GRTR-R had acceptable reliability for children whose ability level was just below the mean. DIF for a small number of items was present for only two comparisons—children who were older versus younger and children who were White versus African American. These results demonstrate that the GRTR-R has acceptable reliability and limited DIF, enabling the screener to identify those at risk for developing reading problems.
The effect of fabric movement on washing performance in a front-loading washer
Authors: Yun Changsang , Park Sohyun , Park Chung Hee
Published: July 2013

Types of fabric movement inside a front-loading washer were analyzed in order to examine their effect on washing performance. A high-speed camera was used to record and track the outlines of the fabric inside a washer, and 13 movement indexes were derived. From this observation, fabric movements were divided into four categories, and the relationship between fabric movements and washing performance were examined. It was shown that the mechanical force from the complex movement where diverse fabric movements were mixed was stronger than that from the simple movement where only single fabric movement appeared. With regard to the detergency, it was also shown that complex movement was more effective than single movement. For fabric with a lower drape coefficient, there seemed to be a greater potential to generate more flexing under similar mechanical action, therefore resulting in higher washing performance.
Electromechanical properties of knitted wearable sensors: part 1 – theory
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Long Hairu , Soltanian Saeid , Servati Peyman , Ko Frank
Published: July 2013

This paper reports the development of a hexagon resistance model, based on the loop structure of a plain weft knitted fabric. This model is capable of describing the electromechanical properties of conductive knitted elastic fabrics. Based on the relationship between the resistance and the load on the fabric under biaxial extension, the equivalent resistance of the fabric was obtained by solving the circuit network equations. It was found that the circuit network is a multiple circuit parallel to the wale direction whereas it is in series along the course direction. And Holm’s electrical contact theory is used to calculate the relationship between the contact resistance and the contact force in an elastic fabric sensor. The contact load and deformation between two knitting loops are calculated using the classical knitted fabric mechanics model of Kawabata and Popper.
Electro-mechanical properties of knitted wearable sensors: Part 2 – Parametric study and experimental verification
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Long Hairu , Soltanian Saeid , Servati Peyman , Ko Frank
Published: July 2013

An optimization design simulating the electro-mechanical property of the conductive elastic knitted fabric is built based on a loops structure under biaxial extensions. A computer program can give the fabric equivalent resistance, which is obtained by solving the circuit network equations. So, it can simplify the computational process immensely. In order to simplify the calculation of the contacting forces on the overlapped yarns, two hooked yarns are used to represent the loop configurations. From the theoretical analysis and experimental investigations, it is found that the resistance changing due to the yarn segment transfer is the key factor for the sensitivity of elastic fabric sensors. This makes the resistance linear increasing with the strain increasing. Analysis of the experimental results show that change in the resistance of a fabric sensor due to the contact resistance has a minor contribution to the sensitivity of the sensor in the large-strain regime. Also, the fabric structure and the yarn elongating affect the characteristics of the fabric sensor.
Waterproof and durable screen printed silver conductive tracks on textiles
Authors: Yang Kai , Torah Russel , Wei Yang , Beeby Steve , Tudor John
Published: July 2013

Conductive textiles are fabrics that include conductive yarns woven into or conductive tracks printed on to the textiles. Conductive textiles have attracted significant attention, since they are fundamental for the integration of electronic functions to achieve wearable devices. Screen printing is a well-established and cost-effective fabrication method; it enables a versatile layout of conductive tracks. The limitation of the current screen-printed conductive textiles is low durability to weathering, abrasion and washing. This paper presents a process for producing a waterproof and durable conductive textile using only screen printing. A three functional layer design was used to fabricate the durable conductive tracks. Firstly, an interface layer was printed to provide a smooth surface for subsequent printing, under-side protection and electrical insulation. Next, a silver layer provided the conductive track and finally an encapsulation layer was printed on top to provide upper-side protection and electrical insulation. The printed silver tracks achieved maximum conductivity using a single print. The conductivity of the silver tracks returned to its original value when they were dried after soaking in water continuously for 24 hours.