bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living Donor Liver Transplant in patients with Hepatorenal Syndrome without the use of Intraoperative Renal Replacement Therapy, a single‐center experience
Authors: Singh Shweta A. , Prabhudesai Aaditya Anil , Subramaniyan Rajkumar , Madan Kaushal , Yadav Vivek , Pandey Vijaykant , Nasa Vaibhav , Goyal Sumit , Das Dibya Jyoti , Acharya Rajgopal M. , Agarwal Shaleen , Gupta Subhash
Published: February 2021

Background

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is often used to support the intraoperative course during liver transplantation (LT) for patients with HRS. However, the use of intraoperative CRRT (IOCRRT) is not without its problems. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a planned operation and is possible without IOCRRT as the recipient can be optimized.

Aim

To study the peritransplant outcomes of patients with CLD and HRS undergoing LT without IOCRRT.

Methods

Analysis of LT program database for perioperative outcomes in patients with HRS from Feb 2017 to Dec 2018.

Results

87/363 (23.9%) adult LDLT patients had HRS, of whom 31 (35.6%) did not respond (NR) to standard medical therapy (SMT) prior to LT. Modified perioperative protocol enabled the NR patients (who were sicker and in persistent renal failure) to undergo LT without IOCRRT. Postoperative renal dysfunction was similar (2 in NR and 2 in R) at 1 year. Post‐LT survival was also not different at one month (83.87% in NR and 87.5% in R [p = .640]) and at 1 year (77% in NR vs 80.4% in non‐responders [p = .709]).

Conclusion

IOCRRT can be avoided in HRS patients undergoing LDLT without compromising their outcomes (post‐LT survival and RD), even in patients who have not responded to SMT, preoperatively.
Cerebral visual impairment‐related vision problems in the classroom
Authors: Dale Naomi
Published: February 2021

This commentary is on the original article by Williams et al. on pages 683–689 of this issue.
Treatment decision‐making for a post‐traumatic malocclusion in an elderly patient: A case report.
Authors: Amadi Jude Ugochukwu , Delitala Filippo , Liberatore Gianmauro , Scozzafava Emanuele , Brevi Bruno Carlo
Published: February 2021

Traumatic dental injuries in elderly patients are a rising trend due to demographic and social changes of the population. Older dentulous patients in good health have become increasingly common. The development of a post‐traumatic malocclusion is a common sequela resulting from mandibular condyle fracture, as in the case reported in this paper. The decision‐making process led the authors to rule out conservative treatment options and to perform orthognathic surgery on an 81‐year‐old patient, an unprecedented report in the literature. At one‐year follow‐up, prophylactic therapy, a specific surgical technique, and osteotomy fixation have restored the occlusion to the pre‐traumatic condition.
Horizontal Europeanisation among mobile doctoral candidates in the context of the European Union and the European Research Area
Authors: Schäfer Gregor
Published: February 2021

The processes of Europeanisation—meaning the deepening of European integration on various levels—have previously been discussed from the point of view of political science, economics, linguistics, and cultural studies, with a macro‐perspective on states, institutions, and organisations. However, Europe and the European Union (EU) are populated by individuals, who are actors of European transnationalism, which this paper conceptualises as horizontal Europeanisation. Spatial mobility is also becoming more relevant for thriving academics, and the EU aims to close ranks in Europe in the field of higher education and research. Therefore, this paper asks how the process of horizontal Europeanisation among early‐career academics manifests itself. This process is discussed against the background of the framework of the EU and the European Research Area (ERA), where academics make use of a common scientific market. The basis for the qualitative empirical analysis is 60 biographical interviews with intra‐EU mobile doctoral candidates. The findings show that the EU and ERA contribute to the processes of horizontal Europeanisation and support it. However, many decisive factors for horizontal Europeanisation lie beyond the EU and the concept of ERA. The novelty of this article as a contribution to European studies is the explanation of horizontal Europeanisation among academics through spatial mobility patterns.
Expectancy changes the self‐monitoring of voice identity
Authors: Johnson Joseph F. , Belyk Michel , Schwartze Michael , Pinheiro Ana P. , Kotz Sonja A.
Published: February 2021

Self‐voice attribution can become difficult when voice characteristics are ambiguous, but functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations of such ambiguity are sparse. We utilized voice‐morphing (self‐other) to manipulate (un‐)certainty in self‐voice attribution in a button‐press paradigm. This allowed investigating how levels of self‐voice certainty alter brain activation in brain regions monitoring voice identity and unexpected changes in voice playback quality. FMRI results confirmed a self‐voice suppression effect in the right anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG) when self‐voice attribution was unambiguous. Although the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was more active during a self‐generated compared to a passively heard voice, the putative role of this region in detecting unexpected self‐voice changes during the action was demonstrated only when hearing the voice of another speaker and not when attribution was uncertain. Further research on the link between right aSTG and IFG is required and may establish a threshold monitoring voice identity in action. The current results have implications for a better understanding of the altered experience of self‐voice feedback in auditory verbal hallucinations.
Tau protein as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Agnello Luisa , Colletti Tiziana , Lo Sasso Bruna , Vidali Matteo , Spataro Rossella , Gambino Caterina Maria , Giglio Rosaria Vincenza , Piccoli Tommaso , Bivona Giulia , La Bella Vincenzo , Ciaccio Marcello
Published: February 2021

Background and purpose

To test the hypothesis that total tau (tTau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (pTau) and pTau/tTau ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we performed a retrospective observational study in a large cohort of ALS patients and controls.

Methods

We enrolled 196 ALS patients and 91 controls, who included patients with ALS‐mimicking diseases and those with non‐neurodegenerative diseases. All patients underwent lumbar puncture for CSF analysis at the time of the diagnostic evaluation or to first referral. We measured tTau and pTau levels in the CSF by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay.

Results

Patients with ALS showed significantly higher levels of CSF tTau and a lower pTau/tTau ratio than controls (tTau: 245 vs. 146 pg/ml; p < 0.001; pTau/tTau ratio: 0.12 vs. 0.18; p < 0.001, respectively). No differences in pTau levels were detected. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis showed a good diagnostic accuracy of tTau and pTau/tTau ratio (tTau: area under the curve [AUC] 0.685, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.616–0.754, p = 0.039; pTau/tTau ratio: AUC 0.777, 95% CI 0.707–0.848, p < 0.001). Among ALS patients, increased tTau levels were associated with advanced age of onset, increased revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS‐R) score (ΔFS) rate of progression, and spinal onset. Multivariate analysis showed that in ALS patients, this biomarker was an independent negative predictor of overall survival.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that tTau and pTau/tTau ratio can be diagnostic biomarkers of ALS. In addition, CSF tTau level at diagnosis might play a relevant prognostic role in the disease.
From stem and progenitor cells to neurons in the developing neocortex: key differences among hominids
Authors: Mora‐Bermúdez Felipe , Taverna Elena , Huttner Wieland B.
Published: February 2021

Comparing the biology of humans to that of other primates, and notably other hominids, is a useful path to learn more about what makes us human. Some of the most interesting differences among hominids are closely related to brain development and function, for example behaviour and cognition. This makes it particularly interesting to compare the hominid neural cells of the neocortex, a part of the brain that plays central roles in those processes. However, well‐preserved tissue from great apes is usually extremely difficult to obtain. A variety of new alternative tools, for example brain organoids, are now beginning to make it possible to search for such differences and analyse their potential biological and biomedical meaning. Here, we present an overview of recent findings from comparisons of the neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) and neurons of hominids. In addition to differences in proliferation and differentiation of NSPCs, and maturation of neurons, we highlight that the regulation of the timing of these processes is emerging as a general foundational difference in the development of the neocortex of hominids.
Disentangling complexity of fishing fleets: using sequence analysis to classify distinguishable groups of vessels based on commercial landings
Authors: Meyer Steffi , Krumme Uwe
Published: February 2021

Capturing the diversity of fishing fleets and identifying distinct subgroups is essential for effectively directing research and management efforts. In this study, the German Baltic gillnet fleet was split into distinguishable groups of vessels by applying a stepwise approach. Monthly landing profiles were classified using clustering techniques and arranged as annual landing sequences, as the basis to form groups of vessels with distinct annual landing sequences using sequence analysis. Commercial landings from 1243 vessels across 11 years (2008–2018) resulted in 8031 annual landing sequences, which were clustered into eight groups, each with a characteristic, annually recurring, seasonal landing pattern (cod group, cod‐herring group, herring‐flounder group, herring group, freshwater fish group, pikeperch group, eel group and port group). The results highlight the heterogeneity of the fleet and a strong adaptation to regional and seasonal resource availability. Studying sequences of landings instead of isolated events in time provides insight into the interlinkage and succession of landings and can aid at classifying fishing fleets and better targeting groups of vessels of interest.
Proposals for person‐centred care in the COVID‐19 era. Delphi study
Authors: Mira José J. , Blanco Martín , Cheikh‐Moussa Kamila , Solas Olga , Alonso Aquilino , Gutierrez Rodrigo , Gómez Celia , Guilabert Mercedes
Published: February 2021

Background

In this COVID‐19 era, we need to rethink the criteria used to measure the results of person‐centred care strategies.

Objective

To identify priorities, and criteria that health services can use to pursue actually the goal of achieving person‐centred care.

Design

Three‐phase online qualitative study performed during May–July of 2020 using the Delphi technique.

Setting and Participants

An online platform was used for a consensus meeting of 114 participants, including health planning experts, health‐care institution managers, clinicians and patients.

Main Outcome Measures

Criteria and indicators for the achievement of person‐centred care.

Main Results

The first round began with 125 proposals and 11 dimensions. After the second round, 28 ideas reached a high level of consensus among the participants. Ultimately, the workgroup agreed on 20 criteria for goals in the implementation of person‐centred care during the COVID‐19 era and 21 related indicators to measure goal achievement.

Discussion

Nine dimensions and 28 priorities were identified. These priorities are also in accordance with the quadruple aim approach, which emphasizes the need for care for health‐care professionals, without whom it is impossible to achieve a better quality of care.

Conclusions

Person‐centred care continues to be a key objective. However, new metrics are needed to ensure its continued development during the restoration of public health services beyond the control of COVID‐19.

Patient or Public Contribution

Twelve professionals and patient representatives participated voluntarily in the construction of the baseline questionnaire and in the selection of the criteria and indicators using an online platform for consensus meetings.
Recognition of an Early Triassic accretionary complex in the Nedamo Belt of the Kitakami Massif, Northeast Japan: New evidence for correlation with Southwest Japan
Authors: Uchino Takayuki
Published: February 2021

The Kitakami Massif of the Tohoku district, Northeast Japan, consists mainly of the South Kitakami Belt (Silurian–Cretaceous forearc shallow‐marine sediments, granitoids, and forearc ophiolite) and the North Kitakami Belt (a Jurassic accretionary complex). The Nedamo Belt (a Carboniferous accretionary complex) occurs as a small unit between those two belts. An accretionary unit in the Nedamo Belt is lithologically divided into the Early Carboniferous Tsunatori Unit and the age‐unknown Takinosawa Unit. In order to constrain the accretionary age of the Takinosawa Unit, detrital zircon U–Pb dating was conducted. The new data revealed that the youngest cluster ages from sandstone and tuffaceous rock are 257–248 Ma and 288–281 Ma, respectively. The Early Triassic depositional age of the sandstone may correspond to a period of intense magmatic activity in the eastern margin of the paleo‐Asian continent. A 30–40 my interval between the youngest cluster ages of the sandstone and the tuffaceous rock can be explained by the absence of syn‐sedimentary zircon in the tuffaceous rock. The new detrital zircon data suggest that the Takinosawa Unit can be distinguished as an Early Triassic accretionary complex distinct from the Early Carboniferous Tsunatori Unit. This recognition establishes a long‐duration northeastward younging polarity of accretionary units, from the Carboniferous to Early Cretaceous, in the northern Kitakami Massif. Lithological features and detrital zircon spectra suggest that the Early Triassic Takinosawa Unit in the Nedamo Belt is comparable with the Hisone and Shingai units in the Kurosegawa Belt in Shikoku. The existence of this Early Triassic accretionary complex strongly supports a pre‐Jurassic geotectonic correlation and similarity between Southwest and Northeast Japan.
Immune response during hantavirus diseases: implications for immunotherapies and vaccine design
Authors: Saavedra Farides , Díaz Fabián E. , Retamal‐Díaz Angello , Covián Camila , González Pablo A. , Kalergis Alexis M.
Published: February 2021

Orthohantaviruses, previously named hantaviruses, cause two emerging zoonotic diseases: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. Overall, over 200 000 cases are registered every year worldwide, with a fatality rate ranging between 0·1% and 15% for HFRS and between 20% and 40% for HCPS. No specific treatment or vaccines have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat or prevent hantavirus‐caused syndromes. Currently, little is known about the mechanisms at the basis of hantavirus‐induced disease. However, it has been hypothesized that an excessive inflammatory response plays an essential role in the course of the disease. Furthermore, the contributions of the cellular immune response to either viral clearance or pathology have not been fully elucidated. This article discusses recent findings relative to the immune responses elicited to hantaviruses in subjects suffering HFRS or HCPS, highlighting the similarities and differences between these two clinical diseases. Also, we summarize the most recent data about the cellular immune response that could be important for designing new vaccines to prevent this global public health problem.
Factors influencing workplace social capital among registered nurses in China
Authors: Xu J.‐M. , Kunaviktikul W. , Akkadechanunt T. , Nantsupawat A. , Turale S.
Published: February 2021

Aim

To examine the modifiable predictors and the level of workplace social capital, transformational leadership, emotional intelligence and organizational justice among registered nurses in Chinese hospitals.

Background

Workplace social capital is a relational network developed among nurses and other healthcare professionals that provides social support, and gives value to their working lives. Internationally, cultivating high levels of social capital is critical as it can help improve nurse satisfaction and care, and address nurse turnover. However, knowledge of factors influencing nurses’ workplace social capital is limited in China.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional, descriptive predictive study, 344 registered nurses were randomly selected from three urban Chinese hospitals in Zhejiang province. Five standard instruments were applied to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to present the level of the variables and stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify the predictors of nurses’ workplace social capital.

Results

Among eight potential factors, transformational leadership and emotional intelligence positively predicted workplace social capital. Nurses perceived the overall level of workplace social capital, emotional intelligence and unit managers’ transformational leadership as high, and the overall level of organizational justice as moderate.

Discussion

Enhancing unit managers’ transformational leadership and nurses’ emotional intelligence was found to positively influence the development of workplace social capital. Although it is not a predictor of workplace social capital, nurses’ organizational justice should be improved due to its importance and current unsatisfactory level.

Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policy

Nursing and health policymakers need to consider the enhancement of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence when implementing policies to improve nurses’ workplace social capital, nursing retention and job satisfaction.
Surface damage resistance and yielding of chemically strengthened silicate glasses: From normal indentation to scratch loading
Authors: Sani Gohar , Limbach Rene , Dellith Jan , Sökmen İlkay , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: February 2021

We report on surface elasticity, plastic deformation and crack initiation of chemically strengthened soda‐lime silicate and sodium aluminosilicate glasses during lateral indentation and scratch testing. Instrumented indentation using a normal indenter set‐up corroborated previous findings on the effects of chemical strengthening on surface Young's modulus, hardness, and indentation cracking. Using lateral indentation in the elastic‐plastic regime, we find a pronounced increase in the scratch hardness as a result of chemical strengthening, manifest in higher work of deformation required for creating the scratch groove. Thereby, the glass composition is found to play a stronger role than the absolute magnitude of surface compressive stress. Using a blunt conical stylus for instrumented scratch testing reveals three distinct modes of scratch‐induced surface fracture, which occur during scratching or after unloading. Occasional micro‐cracking caused by pre‐existing surface flaws at low scratching load can be completely suppressed through chemical strengthening. The intrinsic defect resistance to microcracking is reduced as a result of ion stuffing, depending on the initial glass composition, whereas the resistance to abrasive yielding is enhanced by several hundred MPa.
Unravelling potential northward migration pathways for tree species under climate change
Authors: Boisvert‐Marsh Laura , de Blois Sylvie
Published: February 2021

Aim

Climate‐induced range expansion ultimately implies recruitment at sites that were previously unoccupied by a species (i.e. colonization events). Using evidence on abiotic conditions and biotic interactions at these migration sites, we aimed to identify migration pathways from northern temperate to boreal forests for species showing northward range expansion.

Location

Quebec, Canada.

Taxon

Trees of northern temperate/boreal forests.

Methods

Using past (1970–1977) and recently updated (2003–2015) forest inventories across 761,100 km2, we first quantified latitudinal shifts for saplings of eight tree species and investigated colonization events at migration sites. We used field evidence and a consensus modelling approach to determine environmental suitability and identify edaphic, climatic and disturbance conditions, as well as species co‐occurrence patterns, characterizing recent colonization events. The results were interpreted in relation to novel species associations facilitating species migration in unsuitable landscapes.

Results

All species showed northward latitudinal shifts driven by increased recruitment and colonization northward. Colonization events occurred largely at historically unsuitable sites. Migration sites showed a shift towards humus types characteristic of the boreal forest and not typically found in the core range of most temperate species. Climatic conditions at migration sites were initially colder than at occupied sites, but warming suggests recent climatic suitability. A decrease in conifer basal area at migration sites following disturbances reduced priority effects that possibly constrained deciduous species establishment. Co‐occurrence patterns pointed to deciduous species tolerant of boreal edaphic conditions, leading the way for other temperate species.

Main conclusions

Temperate tree species can recruit into sites typical of boreal forests, even under environmentally challenging conditions. Warming and disturbances open up the way for some novel species associations that in turn have the potential to facilitate the recruitment of temperate species into the boreal forest, revealing migration pathways.
Exosomal miR‐27 negatively regulates ROS production and promotes granulosa cells apoptosis by targeting SPRY2 in OHSS
Authors: Liu Kailu , Yang Weijie , Hu Mengting , Xie WenXiu , Huang Jingyu , Cui Meiting , He Xi , Nie Xiaowei
Published: February 2021

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most dangerous iatrogenic complications in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). The exact molecular mechanism that induces OHSS remains unclear. In recent years, accumulating evidence found that exosomal miRNAs participate in many diseases of reproductive system. However, the specific role of miRNAs, particularly the follicular fluid‐derived exosomal miRNAs in OHSS remains controversial. To identify differentially expressed follicular fluid exosomal miRNAs from OHSS and non‐OHSS patients, the analysis based on miRNA‐sequence was conducted. The levels of 291 miRNAs were significantly differed in exosomes from OHSS patients compared with normal control, and exosomal miR‐27 was one of the most significantly down‐regulated miRNAs in the OHSS group. By using MiR‐27 mimic, we found it could increase ROS stress and apoptosis by down‐regulating the expression of p‐ERK/Nrf2 pathway by negatively regulating SPRY2. These data demonstrate that exosomal miRNAs are differentially expressed in follicular fluid between patients with and without OHSS, and follicular fluid exosomal miR‐27 may involve in the pathological process of OHSS development.
Does maternal psychopathology bias reports of offspring symptoms? A study using moderated non‐linear factor analysis
Authors: Olino Thomas M. , Michelini Giorgia , Mennies Rebekah J. , Kotov Roman , Klein Daniel N.
Published: February 2021

Background

Mood‐state biases in maternal reports of emotional and behavioral problems in their children have been a major concern for the field. However, few studies have addressed this issue from a measurement invariance perspective.

Methods

Using data from baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (n = 8,507 mother–child dyads; youth aged 9–11 years), we examined how dimensions of maternal psychopathology, including internalizing problems, were associated with indices of bias in reports of their children’s dimensions of internalizing, externalizing, neurodevelopmental, detachment, somatoform psychopathology using moderated non‐linear factor analysis. Moderated non‐linear factor analyses examined multiple potential biases in maternal reports of youth psychopathology.

Results

Across analyses, we found very small magnitudes of associations between dimensions of maternal psychopathology and biases in reports of child emotional and behavioral problems.

Conclusions

Based on these results, we find little psychometric evidence for maternal psychopathology biasing reports of child behavior problems.
Effects of sintering time on translucency and color of translucent zirconia ceramics
Authors: Durkan Rukiye , Şimşek Hatice , Deste Gökay Gonca , Yilmaz Burak
Published: February 2021

Objective

To investigate the effect of sintering time on translucency and color of translucent zirconia ceramics.

Materials and Methods

Sixty translucent zirconia (5Y‐TZP) specimens (12 × 1.6 mm, Katana (KAT) and NexxZr (NEX)) were divided into six groups (n = 10) according to sintering time; 1, 2 (specified by manufacturer‐control), and 3 hs. Color differences (ΔEab) within same material when sintered using different times and between materials when same sintering time was used were calculated, as well as translucency parameters (TP) after the use of each sintering time. Data for ΔEab and TP were analyzed with two‐way ANOVAs, pairwise comparisons, and Fisher's LSD Test (Post‐hoc).

Results

When 1 or 3 h were used, color difference from the color of specimens when manufacturer‐specified time (2 h) was used was similar for both KAT and NEX. ΔEab values of NEX were significantly higher than KAT when sintered for 1 or 3 h (P < 0.001). TP increased for KAT when sintered for 1 h, and was higher than NEX. TP for NEX increased when sintered for 3 h (P < 0.001), but was not significantly different than that of KAT.

Conclusions

Effect of 1 or 3‐h sintering on color was similar for both zirconias. For NEX, this effect resulted in greater differences from the color of specimens when manufacturer‐specified time was used. Sintering for 1 h increased the translucency of KAT.

Clinical Significance

When high translucency is desired, clinicians may prefer 1‐h sintering for KAT zirconia. When lower translucency is desired, 3‐h sintering for NEX can be used. However, for NEX, the color after 1‐ or 3‐h sintering was different than the color obtained with manufacturer‐specified time, and this difference may affect the final color of restoration compared to the final color when manufacturer‐specified time is used.
Prophylactic clipping after endoscopic mucosal resection of large nonpedunculated colorectal lesions: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Tsung‐Chieh , Wu Yi‐Hui , Lee Pei‐Chang , Chang Chung‐Yu , Lu Hsiao‐Sheng , Chen Yu‐Jen , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Hou Ming‐Chih
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim

It is not clear whether prophylactic clipping after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large nonpedunculated colorectal lesions (LNPCLs) prevents delayed bleeding (DB). We aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis to clarify the efficacy of prophylactic clipping in prevention of DB following EMR of LNPCLs.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies that compared clipping versus (vs) nonclipping in prevention of DB following EMR of LNPCLs. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was determined using a random effects model. The pooled ORs of DB, perforation, and post‐polypectomy syndrome in the clipping group compared with the nonclipping group comprised the outcomes. Subgroup analyses based on study design, polyp location, and completeness of wound closure were performed.

Results

Five studies with a total of 3112 LNPCLs were extracted. Prophylactic clipping reduced the risk of DB compared with nonclipping (3.3% vs 6.2%, OR: 0.494, P = 0.002) following EMR of LNPCLs. In subgroup analysis, prophylactic clipping reduced DB of LNPCLs at proximal location (3.8% vs 9.8%, P = 0.029), but not of them at distal location (P = 0.830). Complete wound closure showed superior efficacy to prevent DB compared with partial closure (2.0% vs 5.4%, P = 0.004). No benefit of clipping for preventing perforation or post‐polypectomy syndrome was observed (P = 0.301 and 0.988, respectively).

Conclusions

Prophylactic clipping can reduce DB following EMR of LNPCLs at proximal location. Besides, complete wound closure showed superior efficacy to prevent DB compared with partial closure. Further cost analyses should be conducted to implement the most cost‐effective strategies.
Community screening identifies undiagnosed chronic liver disease in high‐risk populations
Authors: Maher Salim , Dowdell Lisa , Zhang Ling , Zekry Amany
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim

Liver cirrhosis is the primary risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Most conditions that lead to cirrhosis are treatable, or modifiable. Therefore, a community‐based screening program targeting high‐risk groups was designed for early diagnosis and intervention of liver disease, to offset the rising burden of hepatocellular carcinoma in Australia.

Methods

Two nurse consultants from a tertiary liver center performed community screening of pre‐identified cohorts at risk of viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease, with transient elastography and/or serology testing for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), in addition to standard blood tests. A positive screening result was defined as any of the following: liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 9.5 kPa, positive HCV RNA, or positive HBV surface antigen. Individuals who screened positive were linked to the liver center for management.

Results

Nine hundred and twenty‐six subjects were screened over a 6‐year period, of which 122/926 (13.2%) had evidence of chronic liver disease. Chronic viral hepatitis was diagnosed in 91 participants (HBV = 23, HCV = 67, and co‐infection = 1), while non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed in 14 participants. Advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9.5 kPa) was detected in 42/866 (4.9%) subjects with available LSM. Loss to follow‐up occurred in 36/91 (39.6%) participants with chronic viral hepatitis.

Conclusions

Targeting high‐risk populations for community screening and intervention increases early identification of chronic liver disease. This may reduce the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Loss to follow‐up remains an ongoing challenge, requiring better strategies.
Caregivers’ feeding behaviour, children's eating behaviour and weight status among children of preschool age in China
Authors: Yuan Jing , Jiang Xun , Zhu Tongyu , Zhang Yuhai , Wang Yue , Yang Xianjun , Shang Lei
Published: February 2021

Background

Childhood overweight and obesity have become significant public health challenges worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate whether caregivers’ feeding behaviour and children's eating behaviour were associated with the weight status of preschool children in China.

Methods

A cross‐sectional questionnaire was administered to 912 caregivers of preschool children from April to July 2016. Caregivers’ feeding behaviours were assessed by the Chinese Preschooler's Caregiver Feeding Behaviour Scale. Children's eating behaviours were evaluated using the Chinese Preschooler's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. After controlling for demographic characteristics, multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between caregivers’ feeding behaviour, children's eating behaviour and children's body mass index (BMI).

Results

The results showed that weight concerns on the part of caregivers (β = 0.53) and food responsiveness on the part of children (β = 0.93) were positively correlated with children's BMI, whereas caregivers’ responsibility for feeding (β = −0.68) and children's external eating (β = −0.53) were negatively correlated with BMI. Among caregiver feeding behaviours, weight concerns [odds ratio (OR) =4.54, p < 0.001] and behaviour‐restricted feeding (OR =0.29, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with children's BMI. A child's food responsiveness (OR =4.04, p < 0.001) was also positively correlated with his/her BMI, whereas the child's satiety responsiveness (OR =0.42, p < 0.001) and emotional eating habits (OR =0.56, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with overweight/obesity status.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that children's eating behaviour and caregivers’ feeding behaviour were associated with weight status among preschool children in China. Behaviour interventions on caregivers and their children may prevent or reduce weight problems in preschool children.
Ligand design for human acetylcholinesterase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, extending beyond the conventional and canonical
Authors: Taylor Palmer , Shyong Yan‐Jye , Samskey Nathan , Ho Kwok‐Yiu , Radic' Zoran , Fenical William , Sharpless K. Barry , Kovarik Zrinka , Camacho‐Hernandez Gisela‐Andrea
Published: February 2021

We detail here distinctive departures from lead classical cholinesterase re‐activators, the pyridinium aldoximes, to achieve rapid CNS penetration and reactivation of AChE in the CNS (brain and spinal cord). Such reactivation is consistent with these non‐canonical re‐activators enhancing survival parameters in both mice and macaques following exposure to organophosphates. Thus, the ideal cholinesterase re‐activator should show minimal toxicity, limited inhibitory activity in the absence of an organophosphate, and rapid CNS penetration, in addition to its nucleophilic potential at the target, the conjugated AChE active center. These are structural properties directed to reactivity profiles at the conjugated AChE active center, reinforced by the pharmacokinetic and tissue disposition properties of the re‐activator leads. In the case of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists and antagonists, with the many existing receptor subtypes in mammals, we prioritize subtype selectivity in their design. In contrast to nicotine and its analogues that react with panoply of AChR subtypes, the substituted di‐2‐picolyl amine pyrimidines possess distinctive ionization characteristics reflecting in selectivity for the orthosteric site at the α7 subtypes of receptor. Here, entry to the CNS should be prioritized for the therapeutic objectives of the nicotinic agent influencing aberrant CNS activity in development or in the sequence of CNS ageing (longevity) in mammals, along with general peripheral activities controlling inflammation.

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Assessing the effectiveness of the combination therapy with fractional Er‐YAG laser and platelet‐rich plasma in treatment of periorbital dark circles patients: A clinical trial
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Alavi Shiva , Mahmoudbeyk Mona , Torkamaniha Elham , Peyrovan Aisan , Nouri Maryam , Zare Sona
Published: February 2021

Background

Numerous therapeutic techniques for periorbital hyperpigmentation have been suggested.

Aim

In this comparative intrapatient study, the effectiveness of combination therapy included fractional Er: YAG laser and autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) compared to Er: YAG laser in periorbital hyperpigmentation treatment.

Patients/Methods

Thirty‐two patients were enrolled. The right periorbital sides of patients received combination of Er: YAG laser and autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and the left side received Er: YAG laser (three sessions with 4 weeks' intervals). PRP was used in two ways included injection and topical. Patients were evaluated by biometric characteristics, patients, and physician assessments. Also, the patient's satisfaction was assessed and side effects were evaluated.

Results

The mexameter results showed that the melanin content in the right side of the periorbital of the patients was significantly decreased compared to left side. Also, significant increase was observed in the skin lightness of the right side in compare to left. The visioface results showed the decrease in the percent change of the color and wrinkle in both sides, but in the right side these changes were significantly more than left side. The patients and physician assessment confirmed the measured results.

Conclusion

Combination of Er: YAG laser and PRP is significantly effective for periorbital hyperpigmentation.
Additively Manufactured Ingot for Interim Dental Restorations Fabrication Using a Chairside Milling Machine
Authors: Pérez‐Giugovaz Marcelo Gabriel , Mostafavi Delaram , Revilla‐León Marta
Published: February 2021

This manuscript describes a technique to fabricate additively manufactured ingots for producing tooth‐ and implant‐supported interim dental restorations using a chairside milling machine. The technique aimed to ease the additively manufactured interim restoration's manufacturing by using a chairside milling machine, optimize the manufacturing workflow time, and eliminate the surface roughness of additively manufactured restorations.
Night shift schedule causes circadian dysregulation of DNA repair genes and elevated DNA damage in humans
Authors: Koritala Bala S. C. , Porter Kenneth I. , Arshad Osama A. , Gajula Rajendra P. , Mitchell Hugh D. , Arman Tarana , Manjanatha Mugimane G. , Teeguarden Justin , Van Dongen Hans P. A. , McDermott Jason E. , Gaddameedhi Shobhan
Published: February 2021

Circadian disruption has been identified as a risk factor for health disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Although epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of various cancers associated with circadian misalignment due to night shift work, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We sought to investigate the potential mechanistic role that circadian disruption of cancer hallmark pathway genes may play in the increased cancer risk in shift workers. In a controlled laboratory study, we investigated the circadian transcriptome of cancer hallmark pathway genes and associated biological pathways in circulating leukocytes obtained from healthy young adults during a 24‐hour constant routine protocol following 3 days of simulated day shift or night shift. The simulated night shift schedule significantly altered the normal circadian rhythmicity of genes involved in cancer hallmark pathways. A DNA repair pathway showed significant enrichment of rhythmic genes following the simulated day shift schedule, but not following the simulated night shift schedule. In functional assessments, we demonstrated that there was an increased sensitivity to both endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage after exposure to simulated night shift. Our results suggest that circadian dysregulation of DNA repair may increase DNA damage and potentiate elevated cancer risk in night shift workers.
IL‐1B(3954) polymorphism and red complex bacteria increase IL‐1β (GCF) levels in periodontitis
Authors: Pani Pinelopi , Tsilioni Irene , McGlennen Ronald , Brown Carrie A. , Hawley Charles E. , Theoharides Theoharis C. , Papathanasiou Evangelos
Published: February 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare IL‐1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from healthy and periodontitis sites of IL‐1B(3954)‐Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) positive and IL‐1B(3954)‐SNP negative periodontitis subjects in association with their bacterial profiles.

Background

Susceptibility to periodontitis has been associated with several risk factors, including allelic variants at multiple gene loci. Variations in the IL‐1 gene cluster have been linked with increased risk for periodontitis. IL‐1B(3954)‐SNP has been previously associated with increased levels of IL‐1β in GCF or periodontal tissues in chronic periodontitis patients, as well as higher levels of specific periodontal pathogens. There is insufficient evidence to conclude if IL‐1B gene polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to periodontitis by ultimately modulating the levels of IL‐1β in GCF, the subgingival microbial profile or both.

Materials and Methods

GCF, subgingival plaque, and buccal epithelial cells were collected from 32 individuals with periodontitis. GCF IL‐1β levels were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bacterial plaque samples were analyzed for 11 periodontal pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with specific primers for the 16SrRNA gene of each bacterium. IL‐1B(3954)‐SNP status was determined by identifying the carriers of the polymorphic T allele.

Results

A significant association was shown between IL‐1B(3954)‐SNP and IL‐1β GCF levels (amount and concentration). The concomitant presence of two or three red complex bacterial species was associated with increased IL‐1β GCF levels in periodontitis sites (site‐level analysis). The concurrent presence of all three red complex periodontal pathogens and IL‐1B(3954)‐SNP was associated with the highest IL‐1β GCF levels in periodontitis sites.

Conclusions

Our results indicate an independent association of both IL‐1B(3954)‐SNP and red complex bacterial species with increased IL‐1β levels in GCF of periodontitis sites. A better understanding of the interaction between genetics, bacteria, and inflammation is essential to develop more effective diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for periodontitis.
Heeding supply chain disruption warnings: When and how do cross‐functional teams ensure firm robustness?
Authors: de Vries Thomas A. , van der Vegt Gerben S. , Scholten Kirstin , van Donk Dirk Pieter
Published: February 2021

Firms can adopt several strategies to increase their robustness to potential supply chain (SC) disruptions. One promising strategy is the use of a cross‐functional team with representatives from functional departments. Such a team may facilitate sharing relevant information, enabling the firm to respond effectively to SC disruption warnings. However, despite their potential, cross‐functional teams also differ in their ability to respond to SC disruption warnings and to ensure firm robustness. Extending insights from information‐processing theory and team research to the field of SC management, we propose that a cross‐functional team’s ability to handle high numbers of SC disruption warnings depends on the extent to which the team adopts centralized decision‐making, with one or two members orchestrating the decision‐making process. We also introduce internal integration problems as a mediating mechanism explaining why a cross‐functional team lacking centralized decision‐making may be unable to handle high numbers of SC disruption warnings. In two independent studies, we use multi‐source data on cross‐functional teams’ performance in dealing with SC disruption warnings during a realistic SC management simulation; the results support our predictions.
Small freshwater ecosystems with dissimilar microbial communities exhibit similar temporal patterns
Authors: David Gwendoline M. , López‐García Purificación , Moreira David , Alric Benjamin , Deschamps Philippe , Bertolino Paola , Restoux Gwendal , Rochelle‐Newall Emma , Thébault Elisa , Simon Marianne , Jardillier Ludwig
Published: February 2021

Despite small freshwater ecosystems being biodiversity reservoirs and contributing significantly to greenhouse fluxes, their microbial communities remain largely understudied. Yet, microorganisms intervene in biogeochemical cycling and impact water quality. Because of their small size, these ecosystems are in principle more sensitive to disturbances, seasonal variation and pluri‐annual climate change. However, how microbial community composition varies over space and time, and whether archaeal, bacterial and microbial eukaryote communities behave similarly remain unanswered. Here, we aim to unravel the composition and intra/interannual temporal dynamic patterns for archaea, bacteria and microbial eukaryotes in a set of small freshwater ecosystems. We monitored archaeal and bacterial community composition during 24 consecutive months in four ponds and one brook from northwestern France by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (microbial eukaryotes were previously investigated for the same systems). Unexpectedly for oxic environments, bacterial Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) were highly diverse and locally abundant. Our results suggest that microbial community structure is mainly driven by environmental conditions acting over space (ecosystems) and time (seasons). A low proportion of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (<1%) was shared by the five ecosystems despite their geographical proximity (2–9 km away), making microbial communities almost unique in each ecosystem and highlighting the strong selective influence of local environmental conditions. Marked and similar seasonality patterns were observed for archaea, bacteria and microbial eukaryotes in all ecosystems despite strong turnovers of rare OTUs. Over the 2‐year survey, microbial community composition varied despite relatively stable environmental parameters. This suggests that biotic associations play an important role in interannual community assembly.
Translingual and Transcultural Reflection in Study Abroad: The Case of a Vietnamese‐American Student in Guatemala
Authors: QUAN TRACY , MENARD–WARWICK JULIA
Published: February 2021

How multilinguals reflect on and interpret their experiences abroad as they acquire an additional language has been undertheorized in study abroad research. Multilinguals navigate multiple identities, cross linguistic and social boundaries, and employ an array of resources to make meaning—that is, they engage in translingual practice. This article presents the case of Terry—a Vietnamese‐American learner of Spanish—during a 13‐week stay in Guatemala as she navigates and reflects on her sense of self. Employing translingual practice and symbolic competence as theoretical frameworks, this study examines how Terry drew on her cultural and linguistic background to understand her experiences abroad and in turn, how an abroad experience encouraged critical self‐reflection. Through a thematic analysis of interviews, course assignments, and audio‐recorded classroom observations, the findings illustrate how an abroad curriculum that emphasized structured critical reflection and local engagement encouraged Terry's development of critical translingual competence; an awareness of the symbolic significance of meaning‐making resources across contexts; and the inextricable connections among identity, language, and culture.
The mechanism of sugar export from long conifer needles
Authors: Liesche Johannes , Vincent Christopher , Han Xiaoyu , Zwieniecki Maciej , Schulz Alexander , Gao Chen , Bravard Rodrigue , Marker Sean , Bohr Tomas
Published: February 2021

The green leaves of plants are optimised for carbon fixation and the production of sugars, which are used as central units of carbon and energy throughout the plant. However, there are physical limits to this optimisation that remain insufficiently understood.

Here, quantitative anatomical analysis combined with mathematical modelling and sugar transport rate measurements were used to determine how effectively sugars are exported from the needle‐shaped leaves of conifers in relation to leaf length.

Mathematical modelling indicated that phloem anatomy constrains sugar export in long needles. However, we identified two mechanisms by which this constraint is overcome, even in needles longer than 20 cm: (1) the grouping of transport conduits, and (2) a shift in the diurnal rhythm of sugar metabolism and export in needle tips.

The efficiency of sugar transport in the phloem can have a significant influence on leaf function. The constraints on sugar export described here for conifer needles are likely to also be relevant in other groups of plants, such as grasses and angiosperm trees.