bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Principles of European Tort Law and Product Liability
Authors: Machnikowski Piotr
Published: April 2024

The authors of the Principles of European Tort Law (PETL) did not intend to regulate in detail the strict liability of a manufacturer for damage caused by a defect in its product. While creating general principles of liability for damage caused otherwise than by breach of an obligation, they had no need to refer to those problems for which uniform and detailed solutions already existed in the European Communities. Product liability was such a problem (the only one in the area of tort law, by the way).

Given the existence of the 1985 Product Liability Directive, there was no need to look for an answer to the issue of the victim’s claim against the producer in the PETL’s provisions on strict liability (art 5:101 PETL) or on fault-based undertaking liability (art 4:202 PETL).

However, the need for this has emerged in recent years. As technology and business models have developed, new possibilities of harm to users of products (in the broad sense of the latter term) and third parties have emerged, which seem to call for the liability of the manufacturer or commercial intermediaries. This liability, however, cannot be based on 1985 Product Liability Directive (PLD) provisions. The question therefore arises whether the Principles adopted in 2005 would be a sufficient foundation upon which such a liability rule could be built.

The article discusses some of these new damage scenarios and explains why neither the narrow approach to strict liability in PETL nor its fault-based enterprise liability rule yields satisfactory results in relation to them. It then outlines the current proposal for a new European product liability law, aiming to fill these liability gaps.
The PETL and Corporate Liability for Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Duties and Remedies
Authors: Castermans Alex Geert
Published: April 2024

How can tort law contribute to combatting climate change? The Principles of European Tort Law (PETL), in particular the framework of art 4:102 PETL, have already served as inspiration for a duty of care for both governments and companies, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This is in line with the development of law in Europe, where liability for an insufficient contribution to combatting global warming is becoming increasingly concrete. The PETL, therefore, do not necessarily need to be amended on this point. However, the development could be strengthened in two ways. First, it is proposed to amend art 4:102(3) PETL, providing that the duty of care may be determined in part by reference to internationally recognised fundamental rights and international documents that constitute a breach of duty for companies. Secondly, making room in the PETL for injunctive relief would do justice to the need to take preventive measures, as, in climate cases, preventing global warming is more urgent than ex post compensation.
Chirped optical solitons for the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with Hamiltonian perturbations and Kerr law nonlinearity
Authors: Tang Ming-Yue , Meng Tong-Yu
Published: April 2024

What the motivation of this paper is to provide chirped optical solitons for the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with Hamiltonian perturbations and Kerr law nonlinearity. We get 19 exact chirped solutions by utilizing trial equation method and the complete discriminant system for polynomial method, which are richer than the solutions acquired in existing papers. We draw the two-dimensional graphs of amplitudes and corresponding chirps in order to verify the existence of the solutions and discuss the dynamical properties of the solutions. To our knowledge, this is the first time that comprehensive set of exact chirped solutions of the governing equation in the paper are obtained. The model and the results obtained in this paper may help explain some nonlinear problems.
“Donasdogama Micma”
Authors: Becker Manuel
Published: April 2024

To this day, Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy, written in the early fourteenth century, remains one of the most significant literary works of Western culture. It has not only been adapted in music, film, and art, but also in the world of video games. Since the early 1980s, video games have chosen the poetry as a basis for their plots, and various approaches to musical interpretation have emerged. With the release of Dante’s Inferno (2010), for the first time an approach was demonstrably chosen that resulted from an intensive examination of the Divine Comedy. This article explores the thesis that using literary works as a basis for video games not only affects the plot, gameplay, and character design, but also significantly influences the musical concept. Thus, it is evident that the literary source and its interpretation should be incorporated into the analysis of video game music. Thanks to Garry Schyman, who made the original scores available for analysis, the resulting musical concept will be examined more closely and compared with the previous Dante games.
Collection Development and Acquisitions of Video Game Music at the University of North Texas
Authors: Fernandez Sabino
Published: April 2024

This contribution discusses collection development initiatives and acquisition of video game music resources at the University of North Texas (UNT) Music Library. The UNT Music Library has begun developing a collection of resources that support the study of video game music and sound design, and in the process, has tackled challenges including issues with various formats, questions of availability, and the feasibility of acquiring materials. The content of this contribution would be beneficial to anyone interested in starting a collection of these materials or the process of such development.
Kingdom Come: Deliverance and the Aesthetics of Authenticity
Authors: Cook James
Published: April 2024

Warhorse Studios’ award-winning action role-playing game Kingdom Come: Deliverance (2018) has—perhaps somewhat unkindly—been described as a “peasant simulator.” Nonetheless, “simulation” is a good description of the way in which its gameplay is conceived and framed, with a stated focus on historical accuracy and realism. This verisimilitude has been cited as having a noticeable cost in terms of accessibility for new players, with something of a steep learning curve required to master the game, but has also frequently been cited in positive reviews. The level of realism is indeed impressive. It extends not only to the need to eat, drink, and sleep, but also to the need to learn how to read (vernacular and Latin separately) if the player wishes to glean any information from written texts. But a focus on realism always brings with it challenges. The highly effective musical score of this game, written by Jan Valta and Adam Sporka, features an interactive and adaptive score, making use of a new engine developed specifically for the game called the Sequence Music Engine. There is already a neat tension here between the stated aim of historical fidelity and the modern expectation of an adaptive score; no preexistent “authentic” music can be used in this manner. As with all games, and indeed all screen media, composers and studios must work hard to balance authenticity to the medium and the genre with authenticity to the period. We expect fairly ubiquitous non-diegetic music in screen media—and its absence carries very particular semantics—but fifteenth-century Bohemia was conspicuous in its absence of invisible, itinerant symphony orchestras roaming its landscape.

This article focuses on the interplay between fantasy and “authenticity,” especially considering the ways in which the composers work creatively to give an immersive and coherent soundworld, within the limits of what I term an “aesthetic of authenticity.” It explores the creative interplay between the “real” historical environment and that which is understood to be real in the popular consciousness, as well as the interconnected web of demands set by the medium, the interactive and narrative genres, and the historical setting.
Meaningful Grunts and Radical “Blehs”
Authors: Belmonte-Ávila Juan F.
Published: April 2024

This article studies the radical identity-making potential of noise and nonhuman sound in video games. To do so, this article focuses on the oral production of the rabbid protagonists—mischievous humanoid rabbits easily identifiable by their constant and cacophonic sound making—in the Mario + Rabbids series. The rabbids’ constant shouts, grunts, and cries serve as great examples of the potential of nonhuman noise and sound to not only reproduce identities that escape from human-centric conceptions of being, but, more importantly, to invite players to see all identities—including their own—as polysemic and sometimes contradictory assemblages. This article converses with existing research on the ability of human voice and silence to manage identities in video games, with studies on nonhuman material excess in video games where players control nonhuman characters, and with work on how animal main characters sound in video games. This dialogue brings forth reflections on what being and becoming mean. The cacophonic nature of noise does not necessarily invoke the absence of all meaning, but an opportunity to embrace its many potential meanings and reflect on an equally polysemic world.
A Comparison of the Effect of Sound on Players’ Presence Between VR and Screen-Based Media
Authors: Oramus Tomáš , Neubauer Petr
Published: April 2024

During the last few years, 3D audio has been undergoing a small renaissance thanks to virtual reality, which is gradually becoming a common technology. This paper examines the effect of sound on the gaming experience in both virtual reality (VR) and screen-based devices (TV). Using self-report scales we analyzed presence and flow along physiological measurements of heart and respiratory rates. We analyzed the presence of gamers playing either with or without sound in both environments (VR/TV). We hypothesized that the sound condition (on/off) will influence gaming experience more in VR than in TV. Despite some promising patterns, we could not conclusively confirm the hypothesis that the effect of sound (on/off) on immersion is greater in VR than in TV.
La Revisión por la dirección: del análisis de los elementos a la síntesis del sistema – metodología
Authors: Velásquez Rueda María del Rosario
Published: April 2024

El ejercicio de Revisión por la dirección es la herramienta que permite a la alta dirección de la organización consolidar los resultados del sistema de gestión y rendir cuentas sobre el desempeño de este. Esta nota metodológica propone la realización de la revisión del sistema de gestión con una perspectiva de síntesis. Esto significa pasar de analizar las entradas y tomar decisiones independientes para cada una, a establecer los vínculos entre ellas. Igualmente, integrar en el proceso de revisión otros elementos de la organización y determinar cómo se relacionan con el sistema de gestión. Lo anterior con el fin de lograr una visión a ampliada de la organización entendiéndola realmente como un sistema y se facilitar la toma de decisiones.
Challenges in implementing the rapid response team: integrative review
Authors: Pereira Machado Juliana , Silva Almeida Viana Elaine Da , Sampaio Silva Vieira Josiane , Nakau Murata Couto Julia , Coelho Santos Gaspar Aide Amabile , Molina Zacarel Ciryllo Regilene
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The rapid response team is formed in hospitals with the aim of promoting the reduction in the occurrence of adverse events and reducing the risk and damage, disability or death of patients admitted to wards. These teams work to act quickly and early in situations of clinical deterioration in hospital wards, generally indicated by the use of early warning scales, an example being the MEWS score. The implementation of these teams, however, faces challenges and the extent of this problem in our country is not known for sure. Method: This study sought to identify and analyze scientific evidence on the challenges of implementing the rapid response team, according to the available literature. An integrative review was carried out based on the guiding question 'what is the evidence on the challenges of implementing the rapid response team, according to the scientific literature' in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American Literature and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and Nursing Database (BDENF), in addition to Google Scholar, in order to detect articles not indexed in the English and Portuguese languages, published in the last 5 years and available in full. Results: The sample included 6 articles published between 2018 and 2022, from Canada, Australia, Brazil and Korea. The main challenges encountered were the lack of exclusive human resources (doctors and nurses) and the lack of training of ward professionals. Furthermore, the challenge of establishing an assertive trigger to activate the team is discussed, in addition to the need and financing for software that generates automatic alerts based on the insertion of clinical data. Conclusion: It is concluded that regardless of monitoring technologies, the relevance of checking vital signs in a safe, periodic manner, with immediate records, prevails. Furthermore, the need for a work process focused on the use of scores that direct team actions in an assertive manner was highlighted. This study reinforced the importance of periodic training of teams, and also of teams in general, about the purpose of the team, in order to promote communication and coordination between teams in favor of patients.
Aerobic capacity as an indicator of health
Authors: Nhamitambo Cesar
Published: April 2024

The exercise was carried out to evaluate and classify the level of physical fitness as an indicator of health, to measure the aerobic capacity, which in turn indicates the level of physical fitness. To achieve the objective, The most well-known test in the history of physical education is the Cooper running test, which is a maximum and field test, suitable for all age groups, teenagers, women and men, consists of running for 12 minutes, which refers to enduranceaerobics, which is the ability to tolerate fatigue caused by exercise, managing to maintain the pace and intensity for a long time without a considerable drop in physical performance. The sample consisted of 44 2nd year students, in the 1st academic semester of 2022 at the Escola Superior de Ciências do Desporto (ESCIDE) of the Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM). The main measure for assessing aerobic capacity is maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max=distance-504.1/44.9), which indicates the maximum and integrated capacity of the organism to extract, transport and use oxygen molecules as an energy substrate. The evaluation was carried out on an athletics track with a 400 meter loop. Once the Cooper test was completed, the individual results obtained in the evaluation were compared and using the average health indicator Table 1 of maximum VO2 for running, Table 2 women and Table 3 men, whose classification range is between very poor, poor, sufficient, good, excellent and higher education, resulted in an assessment of the students' physical fitness level as 1 poor, 6 sufficient, 11 good, 12 excellent and 14 superior.
APPLICATION OF DIGITTAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RECRUITMENT PROCESS
Authors: Geshkov M.
Published: April 2024

The recruitment process is one of the essential parts of human resource management. Through successful recruitment, the organization ensures the selection of suitable applicants, which is paramount for the effectiveness of the enterprise. Successful recruitment will exert a positive effect on the organization as well as motivate the selected applicant to show high performance. How do modern digital technologies apply to the process of recruitment? The purpose of our report is to answer this question. The structure of the paper is as follows: Introduction, Chapter I – Recruitment process, Chapter II - Application of Modern Digital Technologies in Recruitment Process, Conclusion.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND MIGRATION ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL RURAL AREAS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Mutafov E.
Published: April 2024

Rural areas hold a large part of the territory of Bulgaria, and migration processes have even greater importance after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research is to review the trends in the socio-economic aspects and whether they are related to the urban-rural migration flow and vice versa. To achieve the goal are used methods such as analysis, synthesis, and systematization of information. The statistical information is based on the official statistics from the National Statistical Institute in Bulgaria and covers a period of 5 years (before and after the COVID-19 pandemic). The results and conclusions provide information on whether global processes and changes in socio-economic status could contribute to changes in migration processes in typical rural areas in Bulgaria.
INFLUENCE OF THE STATE SUPPORT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF THE COOPERATIVES IN THE SOUTH-EAST REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Authors: Stoyanova D.
Published: April 2024

Agriculture is important for the sustenance of any country. But the incomes realized by agricultural producers are lower compared to those obtained in other sectors. The predominant representatives in the sector are micro and small enterprises. They do not have sufficient financial means to make the necessary investments in the enterprise's activity process, and their access to external financing is very limited. This necessitates the key role of state intervention in order to preserve the well-being and development of agriculture in the country. By providing state support to cooperatives, the sustainable development of agricultural producers is promoted. It aims to support the economic development of rural areas and to increase the competitiveness of agriculture in general. Based on the results obtained from the applied regression model with fixed effects, evidence is found for the positive influence of state support on the profitability of agricultural cooperatives in the South-East region of the Republic of Bulgaria. It is established that the innovation and investment activity, as well as the size of the agricultural cooperatives in the South-East region of Bulgaria, are statistically significant indicators that influence the receipt of state support.
16S rRNA sequencing reveals microbiota differences in orthopedic implants between aseptic loosening and prosthetic joint infection cases
Authors: Cetiner Omer Faruk , Hora Mehmet , Kafadar Ibrahim Halil , Ulu Kilic Aysegul , Gundogdu Aycan
Published: April 2024

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and aseptic loosening (AL) are common complications of total joint arthroplasty. An accumulation of evidence indicates the presence of microbial communities on prosthetic implants, but the overall microbial profile is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in the microbial composition of prosthetic implants obtained from PJI and AL patients using the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Patients who underwent revision hip, knee, or shoulder arthroplasty caused by PJI (n = 20) or AL (n = 10) were enrolled in the study. 16S rRNA sequencing targeting the V3–V4 region was performed on the microbial specimens collected from synovial fluid, periprosthetic deep-tissue, and biofilm during the revision surgery. The sequenced raw data were analysed for microbial composition and ecological and differential abundance analyses using bioinformatics tools. The AL group had relatively balanced and higher diversity, with Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella being prominent. In the PJI group, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were predominant, especially in deep-tissue samples and biofilm samples, respectively. The differential abundance analysis identified 15 and 2 distinctive taxa in the AL and PJI groups, respectively. Our findings provided preliminary insights supporting the existence of periprosthetic microbiota in orthopedic implants and explaining the differences in microbial composition between the AL and PJI groups.
Internal dispute resolution systems: Do high promises come with higher expectations?
Authors: Pálfi Dóra
Published: April 2024

When e-commerce appeared in the 1990s it brought with it disputes related to its operation. E-commerce is risky as the contracting parties do not even know each other, not to mention the fact that disputes have additional legal difficulties concerning jurisdiction and applicable law. However, e-commerce websites have worked out online dispute resolution (ODR) systems in order to maintain the trust of their users, employing an efficient and impartial method if problems arise from deals made on their website. These internal ODR systems are considered successful as they are faster, cheaper and more appropriate than asking for remedy from the courts.

As online marketplaces resolve tens of millions of disputes a year, their influence cannot be avoided. The traditional court system fails to protect consumer rights in high-volume and low-value international transactions in practice. This circumstance raises the question of whether internal dispute resolution systems of private e-commerce sites could develop in such a way that fulfils the minimum procedural fairness requirements for dispute resolution and that is acceptable according to substantial laws. Is justice served in online disputes? Who is responsible for making just decisions, and to what extent can ODR procedures be expected to meet the principles of traditional civil proceedings?
Epstein–Barr-vírus által indukált hemolízis diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfómában
Authors: Németh Réka , Bicskó Réka Ráhel , Illés Árpád , Gergely Lajos
Published: April 2024

A diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfóma a világ egyik leggyakoribb limfoid malignitása. Önmagában, illetve a kezelésének köszönhetően jelentős immunszuppresszív állapot alakulhat ki, amely esetekben számos alkalommal találkozhatunk ritka szövődményekkel, így például vírusok által létrehozott hemolízissel is. A 68 éves férfi betegünk kezdeti betegsége kiterjedt, Ann Arbor IV. stádiumú volt, de a kombinált kemoterápiának köszönhetően a kezelés végén komplett metabolikus remisszió igazolódott. Ezután nyolc hónappal igazolódott nála a Coombs-pozitív meleg típusú hemolitikus anémia, amelynek során a legkisebb hemoglobin érték 47 g L−1-nek adódott, és a hemolízis számos egyéb laborparamétere is mérhető volt. Az eltérések etiológiájaként PCR-vizsgálattal sikerült megerősíteni az Epstein–Barr-vírus fertőzést. A kezdeti szteroidterápia mellett a betegnek folyamatos transzfúzióigénye volt, így egy alkalommal 10 g intravénás immunglobulin készítményt kapott, majd a pozitív szerológiai eredmény birtokában egy alkalommal 100 mg anti-CD20 hatású rituximabot alkalmaztunk. A kombinált terápia hatására – amelynek hatásosságáról számos irodalmi adat áll rendelkezésünkre – a beteg hemoglobinértéke stabilizálódott, transzfúzióigénye megszűnt, a később elvégzett kontroll EBV PCR-vizsgálat pedig negatív eredményt mutatott. Bár a bemutatott eset ritka, mégis számos közleményt találunk főként immunszupprimált egyénekben kialakult hemolitikus eseményekre, amelyek a fent említett kombinált terápia hatására sikeresen meggyógyultak.
A krónikus limfocitás leukémia terápiájában alkalmazott célzott hatásmechanizmusú szerek okozta mellékhatások megelőzése és kezelése, fókuszban a Bruton-féle tirozin-kinázok okozta kardiovaszkuláris toxicitás
Authors: Szász Róbert , Gurbity Timea
Published: April 2024

A célzott hatásmechanizmusú kismolekulák szinte teljesen kiszorították a klasszikus kemoimmunoterápiákat a krónikus limfocitás leukémia (CLL) kezeléséből. A kezelés két fő alappillérét a Bruton-féle tirozin-kináz inhibitorok (BTKi) és a BCL2 inhibitor venetoklax képezi, a foszfatidilinozitol 3-kináz gátló (PI3Ki) idelalisib és duvelisib hazánkban nem elérhető. Egyes protokolloknak továbbra is fontos része a CD20-ellenes antitest rituximab vagy obinutuzumab. A célzott kezelések hatásmechanizmusa, így alkalmazási módja jelentősen különbözik, ezért a terápiaválasztás alkalmával több szempontot kell mérlegelnünk. A várható terápiás válasz és a beteg preferenciái mellett kiemelt jelentősége van a gyógyszerek potenciális mellékhatásainak, melyek egy része a komorbiditás függvénye. Ugyanakkor a CLL indolens, relabáló jellegéből adódóan a betegek többsége mindkét csoportba tartozó szerrel találkozhat élete során. Az eltervezett kezelés kivitelezése, a protokollok előírásszerű betartása szoros összefüggést mutat az elérhető progressziómentes túléléssel, így a mellékhatások kezelése kiemelt jelentőséggel bír. Az alábbiakban a leggyakoribb vagy legfontosabb mellékhatásokat említjük meg, ezek közül is a BTKi-k okozta kardiovaszkuláris eltérésekre koncentrálunk, melyek az utóbbi időben kerültek az érdeklődés központjába.
Párbeszéd a vérképző őssejt-transzplantációval kezelt betegek multidiszciplináris ellátásáról
Authors: Gopcsa László , Sinkó János
Published: April 2024

Grafikus absztrakt

A cytomegalovirus infekció megelőzése és kezelése allogén vérképző őssejt-transzplantáltakban

Rövidítések: CMV: cytomegalovirus, HSCT: vérképző őssejt-transzplantáció, DLI: donor limfocita infúzió, NEAK: Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő, EMK: egyedi méltányossági kérelem, T-reg: regulátor T-limfocita, VST: vírus-specifikus T-sejt (terápia), ISU: immunszuppresszió, CRISPR/Cas-9: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats endonuclease (génszerkesztési eszköz), IL: interleukin, IVIG: intravénás immunglobulin (készítmény), Ig: immunglobulin, MoAt: monoklonális antitest
A marginális zóna lymphoma korszerű diagnosztikája és kezelése
Authors: Adamkovich Nóra , Batár Péter
Published: April 2024

A marginális zóna lymphomák (MZL) az indolens, döntően extranodális non-Hodgkin lymphomák (NHL) eltérő szövettani és klinikai megjelenési formáit jelentik. Az összes B-sejtes NHL kb. 10%-a tartozik ebbe a csoportba. Klinikopatológiailag három típus különíthető el: extranodális MZL (eMZL vagy más néven mucosa asszociált lymphoma, MALT), splenicus MZL (sMZL) és nodális MZL (nMZL). Leggyakoribb típusuk az eMZL vagy MALT lymphoma, mely a típusos gyomor- és bélmegjelenésen kívül számos egyéb extranodális szervből kiindulhat. A MZL kórlefolyása indolens, elhúzódó jellegű, melyet időnkénti relapszusok kísérnek. Az esetek egy részében kezelés nélküli megfigyelés, máskor rituximab alapú kemo-immunotherapia vagy lokális folyamat esetén irradiációs kezelés szükséges. A relabált esetek kezelésében az újabb típusú, célzott terápiák hatékonysága biztató kezelési lehetőséget jelent. Az összefoglaló közleményben a szerzők az elmúlt évek nemzetközi irodalmának áttekintésével mutatják be a kórkép diagnosztikai, újabb prognosztikai, valamint legújabb terápiás lehetőségeit.
Bunker Museology
Authors: Gledhill Jim
Published: April 2024

After the Cold War ended in 1991, many former nuclear bunkers were discarded by the British state and left as field monuments. This article examines the two-stage evolution of bunker museology in Scotland, wherein these archaeological remains have been converted into museums, initially by private collector-enthusiasts and latterly by community groups. My case study of the Gairloch Museum in the Wester Ross documents the reincarnation of a Cold War monument as a community museum, illustrating the positive potential of transforming unofficial into official heritage with the participation of local people. The Gairloch Museum is considered alongside two other local bunker restoration projects in Edinburgh and Dundee, advocating the need for public bodies to give greater priority to the preservation of Cold War heritage in Scotland and the United Kingdom as a whole.
The effects of a manipulative skills intervention programme on the motor proficiency of adolescents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Aleksić Veljković Aleksandra , Stojanović Marija , Stojiljković Nenad
Published: April 2024

With this study we aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week manipulative skills exercise programme on the motor proficiency of young individuals with intellectual disabilities. A total of 32 learners diagnosed with mild intellectual disabilities, with an average age of 17.81 ± 1.44 years, were divided into 2 equal-sized groups: a control group and an experimental group engaged in a manipulative skills intervention programme. Motor proficiency was assessed using the short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT™-2), while the participants’ coordination level was evaluated using the Body Coordination composite of the BOT™-2. Results show that the manipulative skills intervention programme led to significant improvements in the experimental group’s total motor proficiency score on the short form BOT™-2 (45.31 ± 12.01 vs. 37.12 ± 7.00, ANCOVA: F = 48.65, p = 0.00) as well as the Body Coordination composite (42.69 ± 11.31 vs. 39.84 ± 11.75, ANCOVA: F = 44.35, p = 0.00). These findings suggest that the experimental exercise programme had a positive effect on enhancing the motor proficiency of young individuals with mild intellectual disabilities.
Role of non-cognitive variables in learner performance among disadvantaged learners
Authors: Pretorius Dirk Jacobus , Jäckel-Visser Michelle , Malan Dirk Johannes
Published: April 2024

We acknowledge the existing educational inequalities that South Africa faces as a result of differences in developmental and equal educational opportunities. The aim with this study was to investigate the role of non-cognitive learning performance variables that affect the learning performance and success of secondary-school learners. Data were collected from a sample of 395 Grade 9 learners. The proposed learning performance structural model was empirically evaluated by using various instruments and was analysed by means of structural equation modelling. The results indicate statistically significant positive relationships between learning performance and cognitive engagement, learning performance and grit, cognitive engagement and conscientiousness, grit and learning motivation, grit and cognitive engagement, learning motivation and parental quality, learning motivation and tenacity, learning motivation and cognitive engagement, and conscientiousness and resilience. Both tenacity and parental quality acted as moderators of the relationship between environmental unfavourableness and cognitive engagement. The selection of variables was more effective in explaining variance in cognitive engagement than in learning performance. The results of the study could be used to facilitate cognitive engagement as a pivotal variable in learning success among secondary-school learners.
Wittgenstein in Alethea Graham’s diary (1929-1930), and new data on the audience of his Lecture on Ethics and LT 1930 class
Authors: Morra Lucia
Published: April 2024

Amongst the attendees at Wittgenstein’s lecture to the Heretics Society in November 1929, there was also Alethea Graham, a student in her fourth year at Girton College who attended also his lectures in Lent Term 1930. Excerpts from her diary mentioning the philosopher are here transcribed and commented upon. A sharper focus on the audience of Wittgenstein’s Lecture on Ethics and his first academic class is then added.
“With regard to the last article in the volume…”– A note on Rush Rhees and “The Study of Philosophy” in Without Answers
Authors: Westergaard Peter K
Published: April 2024

Based on material from Rush Rhees’ Nachlass, this article reconstructs, in PART I, the circumstances that motivated Rhees to include “The Study of Philosophy” as the concluding chapter of his 1969 publication Without Answers. As originally conceived, this chapter was longer than the version that eventually appeared in print. The reconstruction references the correspondence between Rhees and the editor of Without Answers, Dewi Z. Phillips. It outlines the central ideas of “The Study of Philosophy”, including Rhees’ clarifications of Wittgenstein’s call to “Go the bloody hard way”. The original, somewhat longer version of the chapter is reproduced in PART II of the article. It consists of two text extracts from two letters to Maurice O’C. Drury from July and September 1963. Drury’s “intermediate” letter to Rhees from August 1963 is also reproduced. This article is also a “narrative” about the way one of Wittgenstein’s editor’s experiences being edited and published via an editor.
Wittgenstein’s Philosophy in 1929, edited by Florian Franken Figueiredo
Authors: Schulte Joachim
Published: April 2024

Review of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy in 1929, edited by Florian Franken Figueiredo.
Global trade patterns in the wake of the 2018-2019 U.S.-China tariff hikes
Authors: Haberkorn Flora , Hoang Trang , Lewis Gordon , Mix Carter , Moore Dylan
Published: April 2024

In 2018, the U.S. government announced bilateral tariff increases on a number of Chinese goods. Thus began a tit-for-tat exchange of increasing bilateral tariffs between the U.S. and China until, by the end of 2019, most of the goods traded between the U.S. and China were subject to additional tariffs. In this note, we use Census and UN Comtrade data to study the effects of the 2018-19 U.S.-China tariff hikes on global trade patterns.
Kiegészítés Antonio Bonfini Rervm Vngaricarvm Decadese 1581-es kiadása illusztrációinak forrásaihoz
Authors: Papp Júlia
Published: April 2024

A szerző egy korábbi tanulmányában Antonio Bonfini krónikájának a frankfurti Sigmund Feyerabend által 1581-ben megjelentetett német kiadásában található illusztrációk előképeit azonosította, amelyeket Feyerabend 1560–1570-es években napvilágot látott saját kiadású köteteiben talált meg. Az illusztrációk némelyikével azonban  már az augsburgi Heinrich Steiner 1530–1540-es években kiadott könyveiben is találkozunk. Az 1581-es Bonfini-kiadás illusztrációi közül a legtöbbnek az előképe Steiner két kiadványában lelhető fel, Marin Barleti albán humanista történetíró Szkander bég életét és hadi tetteit bemutató, 1533-ban megjelent történeti munkájában (5 előkép), illetve Veit Trautnak az oszmán szultánok biográfiáját I. Szulejmánig közreadó, 1543-ban kiadott krónikájában (5 előkép).

Az 1581-es Bonfini-kötet egyik illuszrációjának forrása ezekkel szemben nem történeti, hanem  egy morálfilozófiai mű volt,  Francesco Petrarca De remediis utriusque fortunae című munkájának Steiner által 1532-ben megjelentetett német kiadása. Feyerabend törekvése, hogy ti. egyfajta korlátozott képi hitelesség érdekében olyan képeket válogatott össze a Bonfini-kiadáshoz, amelyek tartalmi megfelelést mutattak az illusztrált szövegrésszel, ennél a fametszetnél is megfigyelhető: a Petrarca-kötet Megérkezés a vágyott kikötőbe című fejezetéhez mellékelt, egy kikötőbe befutó evezős gályát, illetve a fogadására a parton összegyűlt embereket ábrázoló illusztráció kitűnően illeszkedett a Bonfini-kötet szövegéhez, amelyben Szent Orsolyának és társnőinek hajón történő utazásáról és kikötőbeli fogadásáról olvashatunk.

Steiner kiadványaiban számos török témájú metszettel is találkozunk, amelyek egy része a korabeli oszmánellenes vizuális propagandához kapcsolódott. Közéjük tartozik az 1532-es Petrarca-kiadás egyik illusztrációja is, amelyen egy város főterét látjuk, ahol turbános török katonák válogatás nélkül gyilkolják a helyi lakosokat. A fametszet Heinrich Steiner több – alkalmanként a törökökhöz egyáltalán nem kapcsolódó – kiadványában is megtalálható, egy nagyon hasonló, szűkebb kivágatú jelenettel találkozunk például egy 1526-ban kiadott, a mohácsi csatavesztésről tudósító hírlevél címlapképén, illetve egy 1533-as Thuküdidész-kiadásban.

Európában a „sátáni” török képe mellett a 16. századtól kimutatható egy  objektívebb törökkép is, melynek elmélyítését a törökök szokásairól, viseletéről, mindennapi és családi életéről tudósító képi és szöveges beszámolók segíthették. Ezek közé tartoznak az Oszmán Birodalomba tett követi utakról, illetve keleti utazásokról beszámoló, Steiner által megjelentetett kiadványok illusztrációi is.
In memoriam Frédéric Barbier (1952–2023)
Authors: Monok István
Published: April 2024

Ha áttekintjük Frédéric Barbier munkásságát, elfogultság nélkül is állíthatjuk, az egyik legnagyobb könyvtörténész távozott közülünk.
Market Reaction to Environmental Disasters
Authors: Черкасова Виктория Артуровна , Захарова Дарья
Published: April 2024

Despite the fact that environmental issues are coming to the fore today, the market reaction to environmental disasters is not strong enough. This article examines the impact of a number of major industrial disasters on the companies’ stock performance, depending on financial health of the companies involved in an accident. We assessed the impact of financial indicators such as: financial leverage, profitability, balance value per share, capital expenditures, market capitalization and revenue on the amplitude of cumulative average abnormal returns (CAAR). The sample consists of 32 companies fromthe oil, chemical, mining and energy industries of developed countries involved in 80 major accidents between 2000 and 2020. The majority of disasters occurred in North America (47.5%) and in Europe (26.3%). Using the event study method to assess shareholders’ reaction and regression analysis, we proved that the financial leverage, profitability and book value per share has a positive impact on the amplitude of CAAR, while the ratio of capital expenditures to revenue has a negative impact on cumulative returns. The results showed that market capitalization and revenue growth do not affect the dynamics of stock prices after industrial disasters. In general, our study shows that the impact of all financial indicators on CAARis small (<1%). That is, despite the mandatory publication of climate risk reports, investors did not actively sell shares of companies guilty of industrial disasters. The results of the study are useful in several areas. On the one hand, by forming a diversified investment portfolio, investors taking into account the type of companies that are more sensitive to disasters. On the other hand, knowing such a market reaction, the state should provide financial players with strict rules and penalties for companies responsible for accidents.
The Influence of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Fraud Probability: Evidence from Russian Companies
Authors: Соболева Оксана Александровна , Макеева Елена Юрьевна , Асланян Гаяне
Published: April 2024

This study examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the probability of corporate fraud occurrence. We evaluate the board size, the degree of independence, and the frequency of meetings of the board and its committees. We also attempt to analyse the board’s gender diversity, but since boards are not gender-diverse in Russia, the significance of this variable cannot be tested. Our empirical study is based on 160 observations of MOEX-listed Russian companies, among which fraudulent behaviour has been revealed in 32 companies over a 5-year period from 2014 to 2018. The relationship between the probability of fraud occurrence and corporate governance was investigated employing a logit model. The data was collected from firms’ annual reports and Thomson Reuters Eikon. Data on fraud cases is based on the evidence from the press (including the leading news sources and specialised websites). We detected a significant negative relationship between nomination and remuneration committee chairmen’s independence, the share of independent directors, the independence of board and audit committee chairmen and the likelihood of fraud. We also discovered the insignificant influence of board and its committees’ size and their meetings’ frequency on fraud probability. This paper contributes to the academic research on the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and probability of fraud occurrence, emphasizing the special role of the establishment of nomination and remuneration committee chairman independence in Russian companies.
Relación entre indicadores de procedimiento y de resultado durante una temporada de fútbol en las cinco grandes ligas europeas
Authors: Ramos Pérez Daniel , Castellano Julen , Hernández-Mendo Antonio
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to find out the relationship between the procedure indicators and result (goals scored and points accumulated) by each of the teams in male elite football. To this end, we have analyzed the performance of the five major European leagues during the 2018-19 season (98 teams and 3,652 performances). Different Performance Indicators (IR) have been employed: a) the result indicators: goals scored and received, and points obtained; b) the Procedure Indicators (IP): b1) for the offensive finishing phase: shots, centers, key passes and scoring first; b2) for the creation attack phase: the passes attempted and performed, and ball possession (%), and b3) in the defensive phase: recoveries and fouls committed in Zones 4-5 of the field. A multiple regression analysis explained 83.2% of the variance in the relationship between points and the predictor variables, as well as 82.9% of the number of goals scored. The main results of the study show that in the Spanish league the goals correlate less with the accumulated points and ball possession, number of key passes and scoring first are the variables that most correlate with the accumulation of goals and points at the end of the season.
Análisis de los lanzamientos en balonmano playa durante el mundial femenino KAZÁN 2018
Authors: Trejo-Silva Alejandro , Bonjour Camila , Dol Gonzalo , González-Ramírez Andrés
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research was to analyze the factors that affects upon the throwing efficacy at Kazan Beach Handball Senior Women's World Cup 2018. The sample is made up of a total of 2160 shots from 38 matches of the 12 teams classified to the main round. The observational methodology was used and an "ad hoc" observational instrument was created, complying with the requirements to guarantee the quality of the data. The research design followed the characteristics of ideographic, punctual and multidimensional. The results obtained showed that the inner zone of the area was the one that presented the greatest relevance within the development of the match and showed the highest values for both, shots and goals scored. Spin shots were the most frequently performed, achieving their highest efficacy levels from the interior central zone, followed by the left interior lateral zone. It can be concluded that at the 2018 Women's Beach Handball World Cup, the shots of the 12 best teams were mostly executed from the inner central and left areas. The shots that culminated in goals from lateral zones were located in a statistically significant way on the side of the goal closest to the execution zone.
Análisis del Nivel de Satisfacción y de las Preferencias de Juego en Categorías Iniciales en Voleibol y Voley Playa
Authors: García-de-Alcaraz Antonio , Hernández-Hernández Elena , Ortega Enrique , Palao José M.
Published: April 2024

Background: Many strategies are used to introduce athletes in sport. The aim of this study was to analyse the satisfaction level and game preferences of volleyball and beach volleyball players at initial categories, regarding: (a) the execution and performance of the game actions, and (b) carrying out training tasks according to their structure and number of players. Methods: A total of 752 questionnaires were analyzed from the players who participated in Spanish tournaments of volleyball (n=492) and beach volleyball (n=260) in 2015. The variables were the satisfaction level in the execution of game actions (serve, reception, set, attack, block and dig) and training tasks, measured in a scale of 0-10 points. The age categories were: U14, U16, U19, and U21. The Mann-Whitney’s U test (p<.05) was used to determine the differences between categories. Results: A preference for attack actions in the first stages of both volleyball and beach volleyball, especially in the male category was found. Similarly, a greater satisfaction level was observed in the competition-like training tasks. Conclusions: This information allows developing teaching proposals for initial stages in volleyball and beach volleyball, attending to the preferences of the athletes according to their age category.
Autopercepción y percepción de los comportamientos de liderazgo de los entrenadores de Special Olympics Portugal
Authors: Pires Pedro , Batista Marco , Mesquita Helena , Ibáñez Sergio J.
Published: April 2024

Coaches have a fundamental role in the holistic development of their athletes, and when we talk about adapted sports, this prerogative gains more relevance, since sports are a transforming vehicle in the athletes' lives. However, the theme of the leadership behaviors of coaches of athletes with intellectual disabilities is little scientifically explored. The main purpose of this study is to identify the coaches' self-perception and the athletes' perception about the leadership behaviors of the Special Olympics Portugal coaches. It is also intended to examine the relationship between self-perception and perception with the formal training of coaches. The research is descriptive and cross-sectional, with a sample consisting of 50 coaches and 94 athletes from the universe of Special Olympics Portugal. The sport leadership scale was the instrument used in the study, in the self-perception and perception versions. The results showed that, in the versions analysed, the coaches of athletes with intellectual disabilities showed more leadership behaviours in the dimensions of reinforcement, training, instruction and social support. The coaches with specific training in the area of disability have more appropriate behaviours to the specific characteristics and needs of the athletes.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HEALTHY HABITS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF CHILEAN FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Suárez Iglesias David , Soto Diego , Ayán Carlos , Martínez-de-Quel Óscar
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on healthy habits in a sample made up of Chilean international elite female handball players. Participants filled in an online survey regarding their physical activity levels, eating attitudes, sleep quality and psychological well-being, twice. The survey was sent within four weeks after mobility restrictions were imposed in Chile, and 16 weeks later, just after the easing of those restrictions began. A total of 18 female handball players who were competing in senior, junior or juvenile categories were analyzed. The obtained data indicated that physical activity levels decreased significantly, as well as psychological well-being. No significant changes were observed in the eating attitudes and sleep quality, although a significant reduction of sleep problems was detected. Sociodemographic and sport-related characteristics did not seem to produce a differential effect on the variables assessed.
Comparison of cold-water immersion vs. Passive recovery on indicators of muscular fatigue in youth handball players during a congested tournament
Authors: Sánchez-Ureña Braulio , Ugalde-Ramírez José A. , Gutiérrez-Vargas Randall , Trejos-Montoya José , Pino-Ortega Jose , Gutiérrez-Vargas Juan C. , Rojas-Valverde Daniel
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of CWI and passive recovery on indicators of fatigue in handball players after three consecutive days of competition. The study was applied to 41 handball players belonging to 8 handball clubs in Costa Rica (20 men and 21 women; 20.1 ± 4.08 years; weight, 68.03 ± 13.13 kg; VO2max= 42.40 ± 5.31 ml / kg / min). Four teams were selected and randomly assigned one of the two post-game treatments, one group received immersion and another passive rest, it was developed during a handball tournament of three consecutive days on a 20x40m field. Each team played one game per day with two periods of 30 min. No significant differences were found in tensiomyography, CMJ, DOMS, TQR and CK between the treatment group and the recovery group. It is concluded that CWI seems to be more effective than PR in variables such as DOMS and in Recovery Perception and the combination of different recovery methods should be analyzed in future research to better understand which the best strategies are to accelerate recovery of athletes during competitions