bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Northern Hemisphere drought risk in a warming climate
Authors: Balting Daniel F. , AghaKouchak Amir , Lohmann Gerrit , Ionita Monica
Published: December 2021

Drought frequency and severity are projected to increase in the future, but the changes are expected to be unevenly distributed across the globe. Based on multi-model simulations under three different future emissions and shared socioeconomic pathways, we show that a significant drought intensification is expected in dry regions, whereby the severity depends on greenhouse gas emissions and development pathways. The drought hotspots are located in the sub-tropical regions where a moderate to extreme summer drought in today’s climate is expected to become a new normal by the end of the 21st century under the warmest scenario. On average, under the warmest future scenario, the drought occurrence rate is projected to be 100% higher than that of the low emission scenario. Further, for the regions which are currently less affected by long-lasting droughts, such as the European continent, climate models indicate a significant increase in drought occurrence probability under the warmest future scenario.
Optimum design for the ballistic diode based on graphene field-effect transistors
Authors: Nguyen Van Huy , Nguyen Dinh Cong , Kumar Sunil , Kim Minwook , Kang Dongwoon , Lee Yeonjae , Nasir Naila , Rehman Malik Abdul , Bach Thi Phuong Anh , Jung Jongwan , Seo Yongho
Published: December 2021

We investigate the transport behavior of two-terminal graphene ballistic devices with bias voltages up to a few volts suitable for electronics applications. Four graphene devices based ballistic designs, specially fabricated from mechanically exfoliated graphene encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride, exhibit strong nonlinear I-V characteristic curves at room temperature. A maximum asymmetry ratio of 1.58 is achieved at a current of 60 µA at room temperature through the ballistic behavior is limited by the thermal effect at higher bias. An analytical model using a specular reflection mechanism of particles is demonstrated to simulate the specular reflection of carriers from graphene edges in the ballistic regime. The overall trend of the asymmetry ratio depending on the geometry fits reasonably with the analytical model.
Bismuth organic frameworks exhibiting enhanced phosphorescence
Authors: Koo Jin Young , Lee Changmin , Joo Taiha , Choi Hee Cheul
Published: December 2021

Bismuth-based organic frameworks (BiOFs) can display interesting phosphorescent properties, but the relationship between structure and optical activity remains underexplored. The structure-dependent phosphorescence properties in the BiOFs are investigated using different multidentate ligands. In-depth analysis of the luminescence properties confirms that the densely packed framework shows long-lasting phosphorescence at room temperature, owing to an efficient electron-hole separation. The combination of spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal structural analysis provides important insights into the emission control through BiOFs structural change, which can be a useful strategy for modulating the optical properties of various metal organic frameworks. Furthermore, taking the advantage of long-lasting phosphorescence, the potential usage as an eco-friendly photocatalyst is demonstrated.
Circulating pulse cavity enhancement as a method for extreme momentum transfer atom interferometry
Authors: Nourshargh Rustin , Lellouch Samuel , Hedges Sam , Langlois Mehdi , Bongs Kai , Holynski Michael
Published: December 2021

Large-scale atom interferometers promise unrivaled strain sensitivity to mid-band gravitational waves, and will probe a new parameter space in the search for ultra-light scalar dark matter. These proposals require gradiometry with kilometer-scale baselines, a momentum separation above 104ℏk between interferometer arms, and optical transitions to long-lived clock states to reach the target sensitivities. Prohibitively high optical power and wavefront flatness requirements have thus far limited the maximum achievable momentum splitting. Here we propose a scheme for optical cavity enhanced atom interferometry, using circulating, spatially resolved pulses, and intracavity frequency modulation to meet these requirements. We present parameters for the realization of 20 kW circulating pulses in a 1 km interferometer enabling 104ℏk splitting on the 698 nm clock transition in 87Sr. This scheme addresses the presently insurmountable laser power requirements and is feasible in the context of a kilometer-scale atom interferometer facility.
Improved dryland carbon flux predictions with explicit consideration of water-carbon coupling
Authors: Barnes Mallory L. , Farella Martha M. , Scott Russell L. , Moore David J. P. , Ponce-Campos Guillermo E. , Biederman Joel A. , MacBean Natasha , Litvak Marcy E. , Breshears David D.
Published: December 2021

Dryland ecosystems are dominant influences on both the trend and interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon sink. Despite their importance, dryland carbon dynamics are not well-characterized by current models. Here, we present DryFlux, an upscaled product built on a dense network of eddy covariance sites in the North American Southwest. To estimate dryland gross primary productivity, we fuse in situ fluxes with remote sensing and meteorological observations using machine learning. DryFlux explicitly accounts for intra-annual variation in water availability, and accurately predicts interannual and seasonal variability in carbon uptake. Applying DryFlux globally indicates existing products may underestimate impacts of large-scale climate patterns on the interannual variability of dryland carbon uptake. We anticipate DryFlux will be an improved benchmark for earth system models in drylands, and prompt a more sensitive accounting of water limitation on the carbon cycle.
MOF-assisted antifouling material: application in rapid determination of TB gene in whole-serum specimens
Authors: Wu Chenhui , Ma Yunkang , Zhou Yingxia , Yang Wenjie , Chen Lihua
Published: December 2021

Superior antifouling coatings based on chondroitin sulfate were prepared by the NH2-MIL-53 (Al)-assisted strategy and applied to the detection of the TB gene in undiluted biofluids. This biosensor showed a wide linear range and low detection limit.
Detection and structural analysis of pyrimidine-derived radicals generated on DNA using a profluorescent nitroxide probe
Authors: Yamauchi Kosho , Matsuoka Yuta , Takahashi Masatomo , Izumi Yoshihiro , Naka Hideto , Taniguchi Yosuke , Kawai Kazuaki , Bamba Takeshi , Yamada Ken-ichi
Published: December 2021

We propose a fluorometric detection and structural analysis of radicals generated on the surface of oxidatively damaged DNA using a profluorescent nitroxide probe.
Iodine-mediated electrochemical C(sp3)–H cyclization: the synthesis of quinazolinone-fused N-heterocycles
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Zhenghong , Li Zhibin , Hu Kangfei , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong
Published: December 2021

An efficient iodine-mediated electrochemical synthesis for functionalized quinazolinone-fused N-heterocycles was developed. The reaction is scalable, metal-free and chemical oxidant-free.
Single-crystal superprotonic conductivity in an interpenetrated hydrogen-bonded quadruplex framework
Authors: Zhou Mu-Yang , Wang Hao-Yu , Wang Zhi-Shuo , Zhang Xue-Wen , Feng Xi , Gao Le-Yao , Lian Zhi-Cheng , Lin Rui-Biao , Zhou Dong-Dong
Published: December 2021

A novel three-dimensional (3D) 5-fold interpenetrated hydrogen-bonded quadruplex framework with helical H3O+/H2O chains in 1D pore channels shows a single-crystal superprotonic conductivity.
Tunnelling assisted hydrogen elimination mechanisms of FeCl3/TEMPO
Authors: Li Shi-Jun , Fang Wei , Richardson Jeremy O. , Fang De-Cai
Published: December 2021

We investigated reaction mechanisms of Fe–TEMPO and demonstrated the need to incorporate quantum tunnelling in accurate modelling of hydrogen abstraction reactions.
Stepwise synthesis of Zr-based metal–organic frameworks: incorporating a trinuclear zirconocene-based metallo-pyridine ligand
Authors: Zhu Juan , Liu Zhao-Yang , Li Shuang-bao , Huang He , Jiang Bao-Xu , Zhang Yu-Teng
Published: December 2021

Based on a presynthesized Zr3 precursor, two isostructural 2D heterometallic ZrMOFs have been synthesized by a step synthesis strategy.
Novel peroxosolvates of tetraalkylammonium halides: the first case of layers containing hydrogen-bonded peroxide molecules
Authors: Navasardyan Mger A. , Bezzubov Stanislav I. , Medvedev Alexander G. , Prikhodchenko Petr V. , Churakov Andrei V.
Published: December 2021

The structures of Et4N+Cl−·2(H2O2) and Et4N+Br−·2(H2O2) formed by globose Et4N+ cations are the first examples of peroxosolvates with 2D layers containing H-bonded peroxides.
Effect of point defects on acetylene hydrogenation reaction over Ni(111) surface: a density functional theory study
Authors: Yin Pan , Jie Yao , Zhao Xiao-Jie , Feng Yu-Liang , Sun Tao , Rao De-Ming , Pu Min , Yan Hong
Published: December 2021

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to investigate the effect of point defects on acetylene hydrogenation reaction over Ni(111) surface with three different defect concentrations (DC = 0.0500, 0.0625, and 0.0833), compared with the perfect Ni(111) surface.
Nonlinearity encoding to improve extrapolation capabilities for unobserved physical states
Authors: Na Gyoung S. , Jang Seunghun , Chang Hyunju
Published: December 2021

Performance improvement by nonlinearity encoding in an extrapolation task.
There is still plenty of room for layer-by-layer assembly for constructing nanoarchitectonics-based materials and devices
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Lvov Yuri , Decher Gero
Published: December 2021

While the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method has already reached a certain maturity, there is still plenty of room for expanding its usefulness for the fabrication of nanoarchitectonics-based materials and devices.
Plasmonic Bi NP-accelerated interfacial charge transfer for enhanced solar-driven ciprofloxacin mineralization
Authors: Yue Cailiang , Zhu Changqing , Zheng Wenting , Qiu Jinli , Du Zhiling , Ling Chen , Liu Fu-Qiang
Published: December 2021

Photocatalytic degradation process of TC by BMO/Bi/BOB-x.
An ultra high performance, lead-free Bi2WO6:P(VDF-TrFE)-based triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered sensors and smart electronic applications
Authors: Bharti Dhiraj Kumar , Veeralingam Sushmitha , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: December 2021

A triboelectric nanogenerator based on bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6):polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) is fabricated. It delivers an output voltage (open circuit) of 205 V and current density (short circuit) of 11.91 mA m−2 at ∼0.15 kgf without any electric poling.
Switchable smart porous surface for controllable liquid transportation
Authors: Sun Zhenning , Cao Zhengyu , Li Yan , Zhang Qiuya , Zhang Xiaofang , Qian Jiangang , Jiang Lei , Tian Dongliang
Published: December 2021

Magnetic field induced switchable morphology of composite porous surfaces has been demonstrated for controllable liquid transportation, which can be used as a valve to dynamically control the moving and permeation behavior of non-miscible liquids.
A GaSe/Si-based vertical 2D/3D heterojunction for high-performance self-driven photodetectors
Authors: Sorifi Sahin , Kaushik Shuchi , Singh Rajendra
Published: December 2021

We have devised a vertical self-powered GaSe/Si based 2D/3D p–n heterojunction device for a high-performance photodetection application.
Evolution of adsorption heights in the on-surface synthesis and decoupling of covalent organic networks on Ag(111) by normal-incidence X-ray standing wave
Authors: Grossmann Lukas , Duncan David A. , Jarvis Samuel P. , Jones Robert G. , De Soumen , Rosen Johanna , Schmittel Michael , Heckl Wolfgang M. , Björk Jonas , Lackinger Markus
Published: December 2021

Adsorption heights were precisely measured by X-ray standing wave for three successive stages of on-surface synthesis: organometallic intermediates, covalent phenyl–triazine networks directly on Ag(111) and after decoupling with an iodine monolayer.
Structural and electronic configuration of medium-sized strontium doped magnesium SrmMgn clusters and their anions
Authors: Yang Hang , Hu Yan Fei , Yuan Yu Quan , Li Qing Yang , Xi Song Guo , Li Yuan Yuan , Yang Jing , Lin Wei
Published: December 2021

Typical stable structures are employed to reflect the bonding characteristics of clusters.
Development of carrier-free nanodrugs based on low molecular weight heparin–doxorubicin conjugate assembly with smart pH-triggered drug release characteristics for combinatorial antitumor therapy
Authors: Fan Bo , Li Qian , Jiang Yanping , Shen Weiguang , Xing Yang , Liang Guixian , Wu Qian , Ban Shurong , Zhang Ruiping
Published: December 2021

A LMWH–DOX nanodrug effectively released bioactive agents, providing a combination therapy of low molecular weight heparin and doxorubicin for angiogenesis suppression and carcinoma inhibition.
Well-defined polyacrylamides with AIE properties via rapid Cu-mediated living radical polymerization in aqueous solution: thermoresponsive nanoparticles for bioimaging
Authors: Ma Congkai , Han Ting , Niu Niu , Al-Shok Lucas , Efstathiou Spyridon , Lester Daniel , Huband Steven , Haddleton David
Published: December 2021

There is a requirement for the development of methods for the preparation of well-controlled polymers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties.
A desulphurization strategy for Sonogashira couplings by visible light/copper catalysis
Authors: Li Xuan , Jiang Min , Zhu Xiaolong , Song Xiuyan , Deng Qirong , Lv Jian , Yang Daoshan
Published: December 2021

We have developed a new copper-based photocatalyst, [(binap)(tpy)Cu]Cl, and applied it in the visible-light promoted Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Metallic cavity nanolasers at the visible wavelength based on in situ solution-grown Au-coated perovskite nanowires
Authors: Jia Xiaohao , Wang Jian , Huang Zhitao , Chu Kaiwen , Ren Kuankuan , Sun Mingfei , Wang Zhijie , Jin Peng , Liu Kong , Qu Shengchun
Published: December 2021

Au-coated CH3NH3PbBr3 metallic cavity nanolasers provide a good platform for exploring the competition between plasmonic and photonic modes.
Ytterbium complexes with 2-(tosylamino)-benzylidene-N-(2-halobenzoyl)-hydrazones for solution-processable NIR OLEDs
Authors: Tcelykh Liubov O. , Vashchenko Andrey A. , Medved'ko Aleksei V. , Marciniak Łukasz , Aleksandrov Alexey E. , Goloveshkin Alexander S. , Lepnev Leonid S. , Latipov Egor V. , Burlov Anatoly S. , Utochnikova Valentina V.
Published: December 2021

The highest efficiency (430 μW W−1) of pure ytterbium luminescence obtained to date for Yb-based OLEDs was reached based on the ytterbium complex with halogenated Schiff base ligands.
Spatiotemporal regulation of store-operated calcium entry in cancer metastasis
Authors: Lu Fujian , Li Yunzhan , Lin Shengchen , Cheng Heping , Yang Shengyu
Published: December 2021

The store-operated calcium (Ca2+) entry (SOCE) is the Ca2+ entry mechanism used by cells to replenish depleted Ca2+ store. The dysregulation of SOCE has been reported in metastatic cancer. It is believed that SOCE promotes migration and invasion by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion dynamics. There is recent evidence supporting that SOCE is critical for the spatial and the temporal coding of Ca2+ signals in the cell. In this review, we critically examined the spatiotemporal control of SOCE signaling and its implication in the specificity and robustness of signaling events downstream of SOCE, with a focus on the spatiotemporal SOCE signaling during cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. We further discuss the limitation of our current understanding of SOCE in cancer metastasis and potential approaches to overcome such limitation.
Modularity of membrane-bound charge-translocating protein complexes
Authors: Calisto Filipa , Pereira Manuela M.
Published: December 2021

Energy transduction is the conversion of one form of energy into another; this makes life possible as we know it. Organisms have developed different systems for acquiring energy and storing it in useable forms: the so-called energy currencies. A universal energy currency is the transmembrane difference of electrochemical potential (Δμ~). This results from the translocation of charges across a membrane, powered by exergonic reactions. Different reactions may be coupled to charge-translocation and, in the majority of cases, these reactions are catalyzed by modular enzymes that always include a transmembrane subunit. The modular arrangement of these enzymes allows for different catalytic and charge-translocating modules to be combined. Thus, a transmembrane charge-translocating module can be associated with different catalytic subunits to form an energy-transducing complex. Likewise, the same catalytic subunit may be combined with a different membrane charge-translocating module. In this work, we analyze the modular arrangement of energy-transducing membrane complexes and discuss their different combinations, focusing on the charge-translocating module.
Using cryo-EM to uncover mechanisms of bacterial transcriptional regulation
Authors: Wood David M. , Dobson Renwick C.J. , Horne Christopher R.
Published: December 2021

Transcription is the principal control point for bacterial gene expression, and it enables a global cellular response to an intracellular or environmental trigger. Transcriptional regulation is orchestrated by transcription factors, which activate or repress transcription of target genes by modulating the activity of RNA polymerase. Dissecting the nature and precise choreography of these interactions is essential for developing a molecular understanding of transcriptional regulation. While the contribution of X-ray crystallography has been invaluable, the ‘resolution revolution’ of cryo-electron microscopy has transformed our structural investigations, enabling large, dynamic and often transient transcription complexes to be resolved that in many cases had resisted crystallisation. In this review, we highlight the impact cryo-electron microscopy has had in gaining a deeper understanding of transcriptional regulation in bacteria. We also provide readers working within the field with an overview of the recent innovations available for cryo-electron microscopy sample preparation and image reconstruction of transcription complexes.
Decision‐making support for an autonomous software‐defined network orchestrator
Authors: Saadon Guy , Haddad Yoram , Dreyfuss Michael , Simoni Noemie
Published: December 2021

The deployment of 5G and IoT networks has already started. Considering their growing complexity, such networks require complete autonomy, that is, without human intervention. For this purpose, an orchestration application has been introduced in the field of network management. This application automates, coordinates, and manages network resources, supporting countless demands for services and applications. In this context, complex rule‐driven and artificial‐intelligence based methods are investigated to help orchestrators make accurate decisions in becoming a zero‐touch network. Thus, a decision‐making process at the orchestrator level is important. However, rules defined at the level of the orchestrator can generate delays and yield loops, contradictions, redundancies, or even deadlocks in a network. In this study, a novel mathematical function, located at the orchestrator of the network resources, is presented to support decision‐making in selecting the most relevant rule to apply under a contention scenario. A network requires permanent monitoring; thus, if some rules appear to be ineffective or dangerous for network autonomy in certain cases, they will be eliminated. Under this function, different applicable rules are compared, and the most efficient rule for optimally allocating the required resources is selected. Based on a numerical analysis, we show how the usage of this decision process creates a more resilient and autonomous network.
Spatial distribution of Crimean agroecological resources as a factor of variability of the main and secondary metabolites of grapes
Authors: Rybalko Evgeniy , Ostroukhova Elena , Levchenko Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The work is aimed at identifying the relationship between agroecological conditions and the formation of carbohydrate-acid and phenolic grape complexes. The agro-climatic parameters of 14 cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ industrial vineyards located in five wine-growing regions of Crimea have been determined using the methods of geoinformation and mathematical modeling. According to the similarity of 9 agro-climatic characteristics, the vineyards are united into 6 clusters, significantly different from each other. The dispersion of the main and secondary metabolites of grapes, as well as technological indicators based on them in the harvest from the selected clusters, has been established. According to the combined mass concentration of anthocyanins in berries, potential amount of extractable anthocyanins, anthocyanin extractability, monophenolmonooxygenase activity, glucoacidimetric index and grape ripeness index the selected vineyard clusters are discriminated with Wilks L. = 0.09 at α<0.00001. Sugar content, active acidity index, glucoacidimetric index, and grape ripeness index were found to correlate inversely with the amount of precipitation during the growing season; anthocyanin extractability correlates directly with the Huglin and Winkler indices; monophenolmonooxygenase activity with the sum of active temperatures above 10 °C, Huglin index, total precipitation per year and growing season.
Multiple flowering of blackberry and its role in the formation of this crop harvest in the conditions of Central Russia
Authors: Gruner Lidia , Kornilov Boris
Published: December 2021

The materials of the article present data on the various manifestations of ability of repeated flowering and fruiting during one growing season by representatives of the subgenus Eubatus Focke (blackberry). The research was carried out in experimental plantings of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (city of Orel). Classical methods of cultivar study were used. Experimental blackberry cultivars have different maturation periods, so the delayed formation of peduncles is of unequal importance when growing them. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to study the phenomenon of multiple flowering and fruiting of blackberry in the conditions of the Orel region of Russia, to identify cultivars and breeding forms with the greatest severity of this trait, to show its positive and negative sides. As a result, it has been found that the ability of blackberries to flower repeatedly is a characteristic feature of this crop, and for a number of cultivars it is a valuable economic feature in the conditions of Central Russia. Three main types of this phenomenon are shown, which manifest themselves differently in the studied cultivars and forms. Based on the data obtained, we believe that early ripening blackberry cultivars are preferred for the middle part of Russia.
Similarities and differences in trends of changes of the agroclimatic conditions of the main viticulture zones of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Chernikov Evgeniy , Marmorshtein Anna , Popova Valentina , Aleynikova Galina
Published: December 2021

In this article are presented the results of studying the similarities and differences in the trends of changes of the agroclimatic conditions of the main viticulture zones of the Krasnodar region according to the data of the Temryuk, Anapa and Taman weather stations. The average values of heat and water supply indicators for two thirty-year (1961-1990, 1991-2020) and three twenty-year averaging periods (1961-1980, 1981-2000, 2001-2020) were obtained. Statistically significant changes in the average agroclimatic indicators were noted. The connection of the course of indicators between weather stations is determined, especially a close connection is noted in the indicators of Anapa and Temryuk. The values of linear trends in 1991-2020 for Anapa and Temryuk are calculated. Statistically significant trends are the growth of the accumulated air temperature above +10 °C in Anapa and Temryuk, a decrease in the moisture coefficient and an increase in the dryness index in Temryuk.
Characterisation of plant-parasitic nematodes Helicotylenchus digonicus and H. vulgaris from the rhizosphere of grapevines in Crimea, Russia
Authors: Lychagina Svetlana , Volkov Yakov , Volkova Marina , Kolganova Tatyana , Tabolin Sergei
Published: December 2021

During 2016-2020, about 120 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of grapes in different vineyards of the Central and Southern regions of Crimea. Two morphologically close nematode species, Helicotylenchus digonicus and Helicotylenchus vulgaris, were found at all sampling sites in the Yalta, Sevastopol, Simferopol and Bakhchisarai districts. Morphologically, these species could be differentiated by the stylet length and the shape of tails. In addition, these species have significant differences in sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA.
Quantitative content of flavonoids in plant samples from the Crimean population of oregano (Origanum vulgare)
Authors: Mishnev A.V. , Myagkikh E.F. , Belova I.V.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research was to analyze the quantitative content of flavonoids in raw oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) from indigenous flora from different geographical locations of the Crimean peninsula. The objectives of the research included: the selection of promising samples for breeding, conclusion on the potential use of raw materials collected from regional indigenous populations for medical purposes. It was found that the raw oregano material in most cases did not conform to the requirements of the pharmacopoeial monograph RF XIV in terms of the total flavonoids content equivalent to luteolin and can not be recommended for use as an official raw material. The total content of flavonoids in herbal raw materials varied from 0.40 to 1.05% with an average value of 0.69%. Only three of the tested samples exceeded the threshold of 0.80%, with 0.81–1.05% value, one sample had this index at the level of the lower threshold, 0.80%. No high-flavonoid samples that would be valuable as donors of this trait for breeding varieties of medicinal direction have been identified. The conclusion was made that it is advisable to grow high-flavonoid varieties specially created for this purpose instead of collecting oregano herbal materials in their natural habitat.
The effect of cultivation conditions on the growing processes of grape plants in vitro
Authors: Pavlova Irina , Luschay E. , Kosyuk M. , Abdurashitova A. , Klimenko Viktor
Published: December 2021

One of alternative ways to maintain valuable genetic material is to develop optimal conditions for cultivation in an in vitro system. The goal was to evaluate the condition of plants based on changes in the shoot length indicator in order to explore the maintaining mode of the collection. We took the experimental samples from the “Vegetating collection of plants in vitro of promising varieties and clones of grapes”: 13 local Crimean varieties and 9 varieties of the Institute Magarach selection. Plant containing culture bottles were in the cold storage without internal lighting at 10-12°C for 6 months. The cultivation findings demonstrated that grape varieties differed in viability and intensity of morphogenesis. Moreover, after storage, they had a high regenerating ability of the buds.
Crop siderat as a method of biological function in the southwestern part of the central black-earth region
Authors: Smurov S. , Kulkov S. , Grigorov O. , Shchedrina Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of long-term experience in the study of crop crops and their impact on the growth conditions and yield of the following crops. The reaped siderates were sown after winter and spring wheat in a 4-field crop rotation. The results of the research work showed that it is less likely to get their good shoots after spring wheat than after winter wheat, and the total plant mass of siderate introduced into the soil over all the years after it was 54-66 t / ha, which is about 1.7 times lower than after winter culture. The incorporation of the organic mass of the crop material into the soil in most years of its cultivation provided a positive balance of humus. The infestation of the crop sown next to the crop siderate increased only when using mineral fertilizer by 1.4-1.7 times compared to crops without it, while the number of perennial dicotyledonous weeds increased by an average of 2.5-3 times, both when applying azofoska and without it. The yield of crops following siderates in the crop rotation with the predecessor of winter wheat, peas for grain, was not significantly higher compared to crops without siderates, and with the predecessor, the sideral pair was slightly lower.
Increasing the efficiency of crop production during sustainble soil cultivation based on the use of new biogenic preparations
Authors: Lobkov V.T. , Naumkin V.P. , Lopachev N.A. , Sushenkova N.Yu. , Sorokina S.Yu.
Published: December 2021

The state of ecology in the world, and as a result, the requirements of the world community make agricultural producers turn to sustainable agriculture, which involves implementation of measures aimed at eliminating and preventing land degradation and greening agricultural production along with the biologization of agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is agriculture based on the competent use of the laws of nature, scientific achievements, focused on healing soil, reducing costs and improving quality of agricultural products. One of the directions of the land husbandry biologization is increasing the efficiency of basic fertilizers assimilation through leaf treatments with biogenic preparations of different nature (microbiological, growth-regulating, based on macro- and microelements, etc.). The possibility to increase the efficiency of agricultural crops cultivation with sustainable soil cultivation, such as flat-cut and No-Till technology with the help of biogenic preparations, was studied. Preparations Strada N and Izagri N play a leading role in terms of the influence of biogenic preparations on the productivity. An improvement in product quality was observed when using biological preparations Strada N, Humat with microelements, Izagri N, Zerebra, Agro + Gumat. As a result, biogenic preparations with a high efficiency of simulating production process when using sustainable soil cultivation were established. The use of these preparations on grain crops can be a factor for increasing the efficiency of these types of soil cultivation, which will expand the area of application of this environmentally effective and sustainable method.
Analyzing Geographical Origin of Grapes and Wines of Russia
Authors: Oganesyants Lev , Panasyuk Alexandr , Kuzmina Elena , Sviridov Dmitriy , Ilyin Alexandr
Published: December 2021

In connection with the growing consumer’s interest to Russian wines with controlled place of origin PGI and PDO, the most pressing issue is the method of their identification. One of the most effective ways to confirm the wine's place of origin in world practice is a comprehensive research of the elemental profile and isotopic characteristics of “light” elements using the methods of statistical analysis. We have selected 32 samples of fresh grapes from various wine regions of Russia (Krasnodar Territory, Republic of Crimea, Republic of Dagestan). The grape must obtained from them was fermented under laboratory conditions. In the prepared wines, the elemental profile was determined, which included 71 indicators, as well as indicators δ18О, δD of released ethanol and δ18О of the wine water. The resulting data set was analyzed using statistical methods PCA, Permanova, the Mann-Whitney test, and machine learning was also performed. It is shown that the difference between the values of the mass concentration of the elements Al, Fe, Br, Re, U for samples from Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Crimea are statistically significant. On the matrix of the obtained values, the Random Forest model was trained, which was able to distinguish the regions of wine origin with an accuracy of 90%. When analyzing the nonlinear dependence, the indicators of Si, Li, Co, Cu, Ba, Na, Ni, U, Al, S, Fe, Mn, B and δ18О of the water were determined by the model as important.
The concept of colloidal stabilization of wines
Authors: Chursina Olga , Zagorouiko Viktor
Published: December 2021

Colloidal haze in wines is the most difficult technological and economic problem of wine industry. A number of modern technological means are used to prevent its formation, but the problem still exists. The main role in wine destabilization is played by colloidal substances - proteins, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, which, when interacting, can form a complex of biopolymers. The aim of the study is to substantiate a new strategy for preventing colloidal haze in wines by regulating the composition of a complex of biopolymers. We used conventional and special methods of analysis to isolate and study wine proteins and related components. As a result of the research, 5 types of a complex of biopolymers were identified and studied. Basic factors causing their instability are critical mass concentration of a complex of biopolymers and its constituents, high-molecular weight of proteins and polyphenol oxidation. We propose a concept for preventing colloidal haze in wines, including a decrease in the content of a complex of biopolymers by targeting its dominant component at the first stage, an increase in the proportion of polysaccharides in the composition of a complex of biopolymers at the second stage, and protection of phenolic component from oxidation at the final stage.
Characterisation of optical properties of solar nanofluids by an inverse problem based on a numerical model
Authors: Forner-Escrig Josep , Gimeno-Furió Alexandra , Palma Roberto , Hernández Leonor , Mondragón Rosa
Published: December 2021

Some nanoparticles (NPs) possess an outstanding photothermal conversion under optical illumination. For this reason, these NPs are under research in a wide variety of light-induced heating applications such as solar nanofluids, which could be used for direct light absorption in solar collectors. Experimental characterisation of solar nanofluids for their application to light-to-heat conversion processes requires a considerable amount of resources to determine the properties of this mixture, at the nanoscale level. On this ground, an inverse problem based on a high-frequency and light-to-heat finite element model is proposed in the present work to numerically predict the optical properties of these nanofluids. In particular, a cost function based on a L2 norm is formulated to compare experimental measurements and numerical predictions. Then, this function is minimised by means of heuristic techniques –specifically, genetic algorithms- and the desired properties can be determined. In conclusion, the current work presents a numerical tool that could help in the characterisation of properties of solar nanofluids and contribute to reduce the number of experiments to be conducted for this purpose.
The correction of foam glass composition based on its principal parameters
Authors: Safonchik Dmitry , Maksimovich Svetlana
Published: December 2021

Thermal insulation materials are the main link in solving the problem of enclosing constructions energy efficiency. The number of heat insulators is relatively low, that`s why it is important to develop new insulators that would be better than the existing ones in their characteristics. Such heat-insulating material as foam glass is known, but it is practically not applied, despite the fact that it possesses high heatinsulating and mechanical characteristics, it is non-combustible, durable and environmentally friendly. All the advantages of foam glass are inferior to one drawback. It is the high cost price of this material. If the cost price of foam glass was reduced and its main characteristics were at the same level, foam glass would take a leading position among other heatinsulating materials. The article presents some information about the development of foam glass, in which dolomite flour is used as a foaming agent. The material proposed by the authors has a density of about 200 kg / m3, water absorption of 25%. The material is manufactured at maximum foaming temperature of 750 °C.
Internationalization of the foreign language curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kopus Tatiana Leonidovna , Kozlovtseva Nina Aleksandrovna , Ganina Elena Viktorovna , Malugina Nadezhda Mikhailovna , Polyakova Rauza Ildarovna
Published: December 2021

The current reality has challenged higher education globally. With border closure and distancing, provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic, the paradigm of internationalization in higher education has considerably altered the way and scale of incorporating intercultural and international components into the academic agenda. The curriculum of the foreign language field at non-linguistic higher education institutions has always been positioned distinctively apart within the context of internationalization. This study is focused on the key changes that the internationalization of educational programs for foreign languages has undergone in the COVID-19 and post-pandemic periods. The paper analyzes and systematizes scientific works on internationalization, and also uses a comparative-analytical method to describe approaches to implement the internationalization of language programs. As a result of the study, the key characteristics of the internationalization of higher education in the pre-COVID, COVID, and post-COVID situations are summarized. The pre-COVID opposition of physical mobility vs internalization at home has been smoothed out by virtual format in the COVID period. In the post-COVID era, the changes have resulted in greater flexibility and diversity in teaching, learning, professional collaboration, and development through and/or physical, virtual, online, and/or digital delivery, hybrid forms of introducing an international and intercultural component into programs; reduction of the duration of mobility programs in favor of their effectiveness.
A model for implementing international networking within the pandemic conditions
Authors: Kotsyubinskaya Liubov Vyacheslavovna , Stakhova Larisa Vladimirovna , Avsiukevich Yulia Sergeyevna
Published: December 2021

The introduction of a network form of participants' interaction in the educational process, which gives a number of advantages in the implementation of educational programs, received a lively positive response from both universities and students. The possibility of academic mobility, which was (until recent times) an integral part of the network type of the educational process, allowed to increase the level of theoretical and practical training of students studying a foreign language. It contributed to the language immersion, which is necessary for the formation of communicative and socio-cultural competence in the learning process. The introduction of Coronavirus restrictions and, as a result, the closure of borders led to the impossibility of this component implementing. The study aims to develop a remote form of network interaction that contributes to the formation of necessary competencies among students studying a foreign language during a pandemic. The methods of pedagogical observation, experimental training, generalization and pedagogical modeling, as well as theoretical analysis of scientific achievements in the field of implementation of the traditional network form of education were used in the work. The fundamental principles of the remote organization of the educational process in a network form are highlighted; a model of the distance course “Academic Writing” (which is a component of the master’s program “Theory of Translation and Intercultural Communication”), is developed; the format of remote network interaction in the framework of international cooperation with the British training center IBC Coaching in a pandemic is tested, the possibilities of using the developed model for teaching individual modules of other disciplines are considered (at the master’s level and at the bachelor’s level as well).
Creative thinking method of foreign language learning at a non-linguistic university
Authors: Bukovsky Stanislav Leonidovich
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis and development of a creative method and creative techniques for teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic university. The study aims to develop a methodological basis for the technological way of teaching foreign languages at a non-linguistic university. The author presents definitions of the notions and concepts of creative teaching, functions, and techniques of teaching foreign languages at a non-linguistic university. The article presents the theory and practice of a creative method of foreign language learning, including a detailed analysis of the principles and concept basis and techniques of the given method. The results of the experimental scientific research are presented and can be used in speaking lessons at non-linguistic universities. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the theory of the given method in the form of didactical and methodical principles of foreign language learning, its structure, aims, and content, and also an algorithm of learning techniques. Therefore, there is a description of creative thinking as a didactical and methodical basis of foreign language learning and particularly speaking learning. The article also presents the diversity of appropriate exercises, comprising both creative thinking drills and communicative tasks, making it possible to develop communicative skills at a non-linguistic university.
Universal competence of intercultural interaction in learning a foreign language in professional activities
Authors: Zavyalova Maria Sergeevna , Kalinichenko Elina Borisovna , Ivanova Lyubov Mikhailovna , Razdobarova Marina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of universal competencies. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal conditions for efficient formation of universal competencies of intercultural interaction. The authors substantiate the idea that, along with professional competencies, the employers increasingly demand a high level of universal competencies in modern graduates of higher educational institutions. The article dwells on the peculiarities of formation of intercultural-interaction universal competence as a complex characteristic of the graduate’s aptitude to apply the acquired foreign-language knowledge, skills and abilities in standard and professional situations. The research identified the interconnection between the universal professional and general professional competencies. The article considers the subject-oriented methods of teaching a foreign language, which along with the universal competence, contribute to the formation of students’ GPC (general professional competencies) and PC (professional competencies). The basic concepts in respect of the above are presented and analysed; the ratio of maturity of this competence in the process of foreign language teaching is highlighted. A number of methods necessary for the formation of intercultural-interaction universal competence were identified for the development of the educational/methodological complex under the discipline “Foreign language in professional activities” within the system of training for the master degree in the field 38.04.01 “Economics”. The considered subject will be interesting for specialists in different spheres of humanitarian knowledge: foreign language teachers of higher educational institutions, representatives of educational and methodical associations, methodologists.
Problems of teaching foreign students in mixed groups
Authors: Laskareva Elena Romualdovna , Pozdnyakova Alina Aleksandrovna , Bazvanova Tatyana Nikolayevna , Dmitrieva Daria Aleksandrovna , Chepkova Tatiana Pavlovna
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the problems associated with teaching foreign students in mixed groups. A mixed group is a formally isolated part of the educational institution cohort that possesses such characteristics as: 1) a fixed heterogeneous ethno-cultural composition, 2) a different level of preparation of students for mastering the disciplines of the general educational program, 3) common cognitive interests and a single educational content in the current period of time; 4) joint educational activities under the guidance of the same teachers, 5) a single period of study. This article aims to highlight the range of language problems that hinder the development of general education programs by foreign students when studying as part of a mixed group. Since the structure of language difficulties varies for different categories of foreign citizens (foreigners with an initial level of proficiency in Russian, foreign speakers, bilinguals), it is important to have a differentiated approach to regulating the educational process and specially organized training taking into account the ethnic and linguistic needs of all members of the group. A differentiated approach to learning, building an individual way of each group member development allows mobilizing cognitive interests and motivating participants in the educational process. The development of specific recommendations to overcome the possible negative impact of a mixed group on the process of obtaining subject knowledge by foreign students is an important methodological task that requires further study.
Instructor presence in online teaching: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kopus Tatiana Leonidovna , Mikhalat Elena Sergeevna , Belozerova Ekaterina Yurievna , Meshcheryakova Olga Vladimirovna
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has affected higher education on a global scale. During the first days of the COVID-19 pandemic, university professors experienced deficiencies to convert their current full-time disciplines into a remote format ensuring learning outcomes. Technology-based communication, which was prevalent in online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbated the issues associated with social presence. Social presence represents a crucial component of interactions that take place between instructors and students online remotely. This study reviews the social presence, with a focus on the research regarding the online teaching practices that demonstrate their effectiveness and relevance before and during COVID-19. The article begins by exploring the concept of social presence, distinguishing its correlations and interdependencies with other related concepts (empathy, student emotional, cognitive and behavioral engagement, learning outcomes, and motivation). The article offers a review of separate findings that investigate the teaching practices ensuring instructor presence and establishing stable contacts with learners. The data analysis reveals the main features vital for feelings of social presence from the online instructor. They include connectedness as the state of having timely communication with students, instructor responsiveness as the quality of having a quick or positive reaction from the instructor, online learning techniques, ensuring community building and empathy facilitation. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of social presence and the recommendations are given through three engagement strategies: management, connectedness and choice.