bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transnational education for regional economic development? Understanding Malaysia's and Singapore's strategic coupling in global higher education
Authors: Schulze Marc Philipp , Kleibert Jana Maria
Published: October 2021

Fostering innovation and upskilling labour pools have become key goals in national economic development plans and education and training system reforms since the mid‐1990s. For their transformation into knowledge‐based economies, countries in Southeast Asia have relied on importing transnational higher education providers and have envisioned themselves as international education hubs. As existing research from transnational education and higher education governance studies as well as economic geography and regional studies has not sufficiently addressed this nexus of transnational education and regional economic development, this paper investigates the role of foreign higher education institutions in economic development strategies in Malaysia and Singapore. It explores why and how states have strategically coupled their higher education systems with transnational education. The comparative case analysis draws on empirical evidence from 42 semi‐structured interviews. It finds that despite the two states' ostensibly similar ambitions to attract foreign higher education institutions, policies and outcomes differ strongly. Whereas in Malaysia a structural coupling led foreign subsidiaries to provide foreign degrees to domestic students and generate revenue in the private higher education sector, in Singapore foreign subsidiaries have been deployed strategically to upgrade the talent pool and public higher education system of the city‐state via functional coupling. Conceptualizing transnational education policies as forms of strategic coupling contributes to understanding their embeddedness within states' broader, historically formed economic development strategies.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms during the first and second COVID‐19 lockdown in Greece: Rates, risk, and protective factors
Authors: E. Kalaitzaki Argyroula , Tsouvelas George , Tamiolaki Alexandra , Konstantakopoulos George
Published: October 2021

The aim was to (i) compare the rates of perceived stress, post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and other potential correlates (i.e., resilience, social support, coping strategies, and loneliness) in the general population between the two COVID‐19 lockdowns in Greece and (ii) explore risk and protective factors of PTSS. Online data were collected amid the first (timepoint 1‐T1) and second lockdown (timepoint 2‐T2) by 1009 and 352 participants, respectively. The PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 and the Perceived Stress Scale measured levels of PTSS and perceived stress. The Brief Resilience Scale, the COPE, the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument measured resilience, coping strategies, loneliness, and social support, respectively. Higher levels of PTSS and perceived stress were reported during T2, compared to T1. Clinically significant levels of PTSS were presented by 26.1% and 35.5% of the participants during T1 and T2, respectively. Higher levels of loneliness and use of maladaptive coping strategies and lower levels of social support, resilience and use of adaptive coping strategies were also found. During both lockdowns, PTSS were predicted by perceived stress, loneliness, reduced resilience and the coping strategies of denial and self‐blame. PTSS were associated with younger age, female gender, being single, not having children, and the evaluation of the pandemic as a crisis. The findings highlight the significant public mental health concerns during the COVID‐19 lockdowns. Understanding the risk and protective factors against PTSS and focusing on vulnerable populations should be prioritized by the governments worldwide in the development of evidence‐based interventions.
Salinity tolerance of lentil is achieved by enhanced proline accumulation, lower level of sodium uptake and modulation of photosynthetic traits
Authors: Panuccio Maria R. , Romeo Federico , Marra Federica , Mallamaci Carmelo , Hussain Muhammad Iftikhar , Muscolo Adele
Published: October 2021

Lentil (Lens culinaris, Medik.), an accessible low‐cost high‐quality protein form for many people, is a salt‐sensitive legume, which already at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 3 dS/m (~30 mM NaCl) has a yield loss of about 90% compared to other crops. Identifying salinity‐tolerant lentil germplasm is nowadays of primary importance for ensuring the production of superfood and the sustainability of the lentil industry. In this study, four cultivars Castelluccio di Norcia, Eston, Ustica and Pantelleria were grown up to a complete life cycle, in an open field, in soils conditioned with 100 mM NaCl and were compared with the same cultivars grown in unsalinized soils. Growth parameters, osmolytes and phenotypic characteristics of lentils were assessed. Our results evidenced different mechanisms specific for each tolerant cultivar. Pantelleria was the cultivar that mostly accumulated sodium in shoot and root and used it in addition to proline as osmoregulatory. Ustica accumulated less sodium and calcium than Pantelleria but more chlorine in root and enhanced also the production of the osmoregulatory. Castelluccio accumulated less sodium but more calcium and sulphates than the other two resistant cultivars, producing at the same time also osmolytes. The preference of ion uptake and compartmentalization can depend on the growth environment. PANT and UST are islander, therefore, prevalently in contact with sodium and chlorine, while CAST originated from central Italy is cultivated in soil where calcium and sulphate are the most abundant element.
Informal caregivers of people with heart failure and resilience: A convergent mixed methods study
Authors: Durante Angela , Ahtisham Younas , Cuoco Angela , Boyne Josiane , Brawner Bridgette , Juarez‐Vela Raul , Vellone Ercole
Published: October 2021

Aim

To develop a comprehensive understanding of resilience and its associated factors among informal caregivers of people with heart failure.

Design

Transnational multicentre convergent mixed methods approach.

Methods

This study was conducted in three European countries: Italy, Spain and the Netherlands; during February 2017 and December 2018. In total, 195 caregivers completed the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Caregiver Burden Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. From a nested sample 50 caregivers participated in semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, multiple regression and joint displays.

Results

The caregivers’ mean age was over 60 years. The quantitative results showed that caregivers experienced anxiety and depression regardless of a good score of resilience and moderate level of burden. Regression analysis showed that the resilience was associated with caregiver depression. From qualitative findings three resilience inhibiting (psychological outlook, physical weariness and affective state) and two promoting factors (community interconnectedness and self‐comforting activities) were generated. Mixed analysis confirmed that depression decreased caregivers’ resilience.

Conclusions

Caregivers of people with heart failure experience continuous stress and anxiety resulting in reduced resilience. Collaborative efforts are needed to build multifaceted interventions and programs to enhance caregivers’ resilience by targeting the factors identified in this study.

Impact

The quality of informal caregiving is affected by the resilience of caregivers. No research has explored the resilience levels and its factors in this population. Depression, psychological outlook, physical weariness and affective state are negative factors of caregivers’ resilience. Personal strategies combined with social and community support and belongingness enhance caregivers’ resilience. Community care organizations and hospitals could establish alliances to develop programs for enhancing caregivers’ resilience.
Through the eyes of the founder: CEO characteristics and firms’ regulatory filings
Authors: Hendricks Bradley E. , Lang Mark , Merkley Kenneth
Published: October 2021

We examine whether textual attributes of founder‐led firms’ regulatory filings reflect founder‐CEO characteristics and whether investors consider this relation when assessing firm value. We build on prior research that shows founders have unique personality attributes, particularly overoptimism. Our results suggest that 10‐K text for founder‐led firms is characterized by “excess” optimism relative to current and future realized earnings and relative to non‐founder‐led firms. The effect is mitigated for firms with large auditors, high litigation risk and high analyst following. Based on the stock price at the 10‐K release, investors do not appear to appropriately discount the tone, resulting in predictable negative returns during the year subsequent to the 10‐K release, particularly for the first 2 years after firms go public. Collectively, our findings contribute to the existing literature examining the effects of executives on firm disclosure by providing initial evidence about the conditions under which firms’ scripted narrative disclosures reflect CEO characteristics.
Reduced host‐plant specialization is associated with the rapid range expansion of a Mediterranean butterfly
Authors: Neu Anika , Lötters Stefan , Nörenberg Linda , Wiemers Martin , Fischer Klaus
Published: October 2021

Aim

Species ranges are highly dynamic, shifting in space and time as a result of complex ecological and evolutionary processes. Disentangling the relative contribution of both processes is challenging but of primary importance for forecasting species distributions under climate change. Here, we use the spectacular range expansion (ca. 1000 km poleward shift within 10 years) of the butterfly Pieris mannii to unravel the factors underlying range dynamics, specifically the role of (i) niche evolution (changes in host‐plant preference and acceptance) and (ii) ecological processes (climate change).

Location

Provence‐Alpes‐Côte d’Azur, France; North Rhine‐Westphalia, Rhineland‐Palatinate and Hesse, Germany.

Taxon

Insect and angiosperms.

Methods

We employed a combination of (i) common garden experiments, based on replicated populations from the species’ historical and newly established range and host‐plant species representative for each distribution range, co‐occurrence analyses and (ii) grid‐based correlative species distribution modelling (SDM) using Maxent.

Results

We observed changes in oviposition preference, with females from the newly established populations showing reduced host‐plant specialization and also an overall increased fecundity. These changes in behaviour and life history may have enabled using a broader range of habitats and thus facilitated the recent range expansion. In contrast, our results indicate that the range expansion is unlikely to be directly caused by anthropogenic climate change, as the range was not constrained by climate in the first place.

Main conclusions

We conclude that evolution of a broader dietary niche rather than climate change is associated with the rapid range expansion, and discuss potential indirect consequences of climate change as trigger for the genetic differences found. Our study thus illustrates the importance of species interactions in shaping species distributions and range shifts, and draws attention to indirect effects of climate change. Embracing this complexity is likely the key to a better understanding of range dynamics.
Procedural and short‐term results of electroanatomic‐mapping‐guided ganglionated plexus ablation by first‐time operators: A multicenter study
Authors: Aksu Tolga , De Potter Tom , John Leah , Osorio Jose , Singh David , Alyesh Daniel , Baysal Erkan , Kumar Kapil , Mikaeili Javad , dal Forno Alexander , Yalin Kivanc , Akdemir Baris , Woods Christopher E. , Salcedo Jonathan , Eftekharzadeh Mahmoud , Akgun Taylan , Sundaram Sri , Aras Dursun , Tzou Wendy S. , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Winterfield Jeffrey , Gupta Dhiraj , Davila Andre
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Single‐center observational studies have shown promising results with fragmented electrogram (FE)‐guided ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation in patients with vagally mediated bradyarrhythmia (VMB). We aimed to compare the acute procedural characteristics during FE‐guided GP ablation in patients with VMB performed by first‐time operators and those of a single high‐volume operator.

Methods and Results

This international multicenter cohort study included data collected over 2 years from 16 cardiac hospitals. The primary operators were classified according to their prior GP ablation experience: a single high‐volume operator who had performed > 50 GP ablation procedures (Group 1), and operators performing their first GP ablation cases (Group 2). Acute procedural characteristics and syncope recurrence were compared between groups. Forty‐seven consecutive patients with VMB who underwent FE‐guided GP ablation were enrolled, n = 31 in Group 1 and n = 16 in Group 2. The mean number of ablation points in each GP was comparable between groups. The ratio of positive vagal response during ablation on the left superior GP was higher in Group 1 (90.3% vs. 62.5%, p = .022). Ablation of the right superior GP increased heart rate acutely without any vagal response in 45 (95.7%) cases. The procedure time was longer in group 2 (83.4 ± 21 vs. 118.0 ± 21 min, respectively, p < .001). Over a mean follow‐up duration of 8.0 ± 3 months (range 2–24 months), none of the patients suffered from syncope.

Conclusion

This multi‐center pilot study shows for the first time the feasibility of FE‐guided GP ablation across a large group of procedure‐naïve operators.
CircGFRA1 facilitates the malignant progression of HER‐2‐positive breast cancer via acting as a sponge of miR‐1228 and enhancing AIFM2 expression
Authors: Bazhabayi Meiheban , Qiu Xingsheng , Li Xing , Yang Anli , Wen Wei , Zhang Xiaoli , Xiao Xiangsheng , He Rongfang , Liu Peng
Published: October 2021

CircRNAs (circular RNA) are reported to regulate onset and progress multiple cancers. Nonetheless, the function along with the underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in HER‐2‐positive breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. CircRNA microarrays were performed to elucidate expression profiles of HER‐2‐positive BC cells. circRNA levels were quantified using qRT‐PCR assay. Various in vitro along with in vivo assays were employed to further explore the effects of circGFRA1 in the progress of HER‐2‐positive BC and interactions of circGFRA1, miR‐1228 and AIFM2 in Her‐2‐positive BC. CircGFRA1 was remarkably upregulated in HER‐2‐positive BC. Knockdown of circGFRA1 could attenuate HER‐2‐positive BC progression by inhibiting the proliferation, infiltration and migratory ability of HER‐2‐positive BC cells. Through ceRNA mechanism, circGFRA1 could bind to miR‐1228 and alleviate inhibitory activity of miR‐1228 on targeted gene AIFM2. In summary, circGFRA1‐miR‐1228‐AIFM2 axis regulates HER‐2‐positive BC. CircGFRA1 is a novel promising treatment option for HER‐2‐positive BC.
2‐Deoxy‐D‐glucose impedes T cell–induced apoptosis of keratinocytes in oral lichen planus
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Jing , Zhou Gang
Published: October 2021

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell–mediated immunoinflammatory disease. Glycolysis plays an essential role in T‐cell immune responses. Blocking glycolytic pathway in activated T cells represents a therapeutic strategy for restraint of immunologic process in autoimmune disorders. 2‐Deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) has been widely used to probe into glycolysis in immune cells. This study was aimed to explore the role of glycolysis inhibition by 2‐DG on regulating immune responses of OLP‐derived T cells. We observed that lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression was elevated in OLP lesions and local T cells. 2‐DG inhibited the expression of LDHA, p‐mTOR, Hif1α and PLD2 in T cells; meanwhile, it decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of T cells. T cells treated by 2‐DG showed lower LDHA expression and elevated apoptosis, resulting in a reduced apoptotic population of keratinocytes that were co‐cultured with them, which was related to the decreased levels of IFN‐γ in co‐culture system. Rapamycin enhanced the effects of 2‐DG on immune responses between T cells and keratinocytes. Thus, these findings indicated that OLP‐derived T cells might be highly dependent upon high glycolysis for proliferation, and 2‐DG treatment combined with rapamycin might be an option to alleviate T‐cell responses, contributing to reducing apoptosis of keratinocytes.
Glycerol‐plasticized chitosan film for the preservation of orange
Authors: Nguyen Thuong Thi , Phan Ngoc‐Huyen Thi , Trinh Chinh Dung , Tran Thuan Van , Pham Bao‐Tran Tran , Quynh Bui Thi Phuong , Phung Thanh Khoa
Published: October 2021

Green thin films for food packaging are essential and growing in recent years to reduce the dependence on petroleum‐derived plastics. In this study, the glycerol‐plasticized chitosan film incorporated with 1–3% of crude Piper betel Linn. leaf (PBLL) extract was prepared via facile casting process and was characterized by scanning electron microscope, attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, UV–Vis, contact angle, water content, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The film improved the protective properties of the sole chitosan and enhanced the UV‐blocking ability of glycerol‐plasticized chitosan film in the regions of Ultraviolet B (280–320 nm) and Ultraviolet A (320–390 nm), resulting in suitable film for food packaging applications. Furthermore, the presence of PBLL extract predominantly containing phenolic compounds in blend film induced very strong antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. The modified chitosan films increased the hydrophilic property resulting in high potential in degradability and can also protect the king orange by coating with the shelf life‐prolonging up to 18 days at 20°C with acceptable appearance and texture. Our results can be developed to produce industrial green thin films to protect fruits during transportation and preservation.
Diagnostic yield of microarrays in individuals with non‐syndromic developmental delay and intellectual disability
Authors: Oğuz S. , Arslan U. E. , Kiper P. Ö. Ş. , Alikaşifoğlu M. , Boduroğlu K. , Utine G. E.
Published: October 2021

Background

Intellectual disability (ID), or developmental delay (DD) when the individual is yet under 5 years of age, is evident before 18 years of age and is characterised by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. ID/DD may be clinically classified as syndromic or non‐syndromic. Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) constitute a well‐established aetiological subgroup of ID/DD. Overall diagnostic yield of microarrays is estimated at 10–25% for ID/DD, especially higher when particular clinical features that render the condition syndromic accompany.

Methods

In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of microarrays in the subgroup of individuals with non‐syndromic ID/DD (NSID/NSDD). A total of 302 NSID/NSDD individuals who have undergone microarray analysis between October 2013 and April 2020 were included. Accompanying clinical data, including head circumference, delayed developmental areas, seizures and behavioural problems were collected and analysed separately in NSID and NSDD subgroups.

Results

The diagnostic yield of microarray analyses in NSID/NSDD was determined as 10.9% in NSID (10.7%) and in NSDD (11.1%). Presence of behavioural and epileptic problems did not contribute to the diagnostic yield. However, in the presence of macrocephaly, the contribution to diagnostic yield was statistically significant particularly in NSDD group. The most common pathogenic CNVs involved chromosomes 16, 15 and X. Lastly, we propose a Xq21.32q22.1 deletion as likely pathogenic in a child with isolated language delay and accompanying seizures.

Conclusions

Particularly in neurodevelopmental diseases, microarrays are useful for establishing the diagnosis and detecting novel susceptibility regions. Future studies would accurately classify the herein presented variants of uncertain significance CNVs as pathogenic or benign.
Trends and hot topics in nurse empowerment research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yesilbas Hande , Kantek Filiz
Published: October 2021

Aim

The characteristics of the publications on nursing empowerment should be investigated in order to get an idea about the development of the field and to determine the developments in nursing practices and research. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the current knowledge structure and developmental process in nurse empowerment by using bibliometric methods.

Methods

The data of this retrospective descriptive study were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS). All relevant studies conducted before 2020 were included in the study. The data analysis was conducted with Excel, SPSS and VOSviewer.

Results

Five hundred eighty‐nine studies conducted between 1974–2019 were included in the study. It was found that 72.15% of these studies were journal articles and these studies were conducted by 1,450 authors. The studies were published in 109 journals and were produced by researchers from 49 different countries. Also 47.5% of these studies were conducted in the United States. Hot topics were “empowerment”, “nursing,” “structural empowerment,” “nurses,” “job satisfaction” and “psychological empowerment.”

Conclusion

There has been a noteworthy increase in the number of studies on nurse empowerment and this field offers an active field of study for nursing researchers. The focus of the studies varies from nurses to nurse managers.
An Open‐Label Study Assessing the Efficacy and Tolerability of a Skincare Regimen in Subjects of Different Ethnicities with Moderate‐to‐Severe Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Wenner Kimberly , Ramberg Tiffany
Published: October 2021

Background

Hyperpigmentation is a common cosmetic concern that significantly impacts self‐esteem. A skincare regimen has been developed to improve the appearance, tone, texture, and luminosity of subjects with facial hyperpigmentation (Even Up® Hyperpigmentation Regimen; Colorescience, Inc., Carlsbad, CA).

Aims

The objective of this open‐label trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of this regimen for treating facial hyperpigmentation.

Patients/Methods

Subjects with moderate‐to‐severe facial hyperpigmentation (N = 33) were randomized to those not using prescription, advanced or physician‐dispensed skin care products (Group A, n = 23) and those currently using prescription, advanced or physician‐dispensed skincare products for facial hyperpigmentation (Group B, n = 10). Both groups were provided three skincare products comprising the hyperpigmentation regimen and instructions for use. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12.

Results

The overall median (range) baseline MASI score at baseline was 9.0 (2, 31), decreasing by 0.0 (−7, 0) points at Week 2 (p = 0.002), 0.6 (−8, 0) points at Week 4 (p < 0.0001), 1.5 (−16, 0) points by Week 8 (p < 0.0001) and 2.4 (−20, 0) points at Week 12 (p < 0.0001). At Week 12, the overall median improvement in MASI score was 26% and higher for Group B (32% vs. 22%). By Week 2, subjects reported lighter, less noticeable brown spots (76%), brighter, more luminous skin (88%), more even skin tone (67%), and healthier look and feel (85%). Improvements continued throughout the study. No adverse events were observed or reported.

Conclusions

This regimen addresses facial hyperpigmentation and protects skin against the damaging effects of ultraviolet and high energy visible light (HEV). It is safe to use on all skin types and tones.
Effectiveness of horticultural therapy on physical functioning and psychological health outcomes for older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Yanping , Lin Rongjin , Liu Wenyan , Wu Weiwei
Published: October 2021

Aims and Objectives

To systematically determine the effectiveness of horticultural therapy (HT) on the physical functioning and psychological health of older people.

Background

With advancing age and increased chronic diseases, older adults are vulnerable to physical deterioration and psychological problems. There is evidence that horticultural therapy (HT) has positive effect among older adults. However, less attention has been devoted to systematically evaluating the physical functioning and psychological health effects of HT in older adults.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted based on the checklist for PRISMA.

Methods

The searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database, from their inception until June 2021. Randomised controlled trials published in either English or Chinese were reviewed. The Review Manager 5.4 software was used for meta‐analyses. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool by two independent researchers.

Results

Ten studies involving 884 participants were included. Compared with the control group, HT can significantly improve upper body flexibility and aerobic endurance in older adults with cancer. Besides, HT was found to be more effective for promoting emotional functioning and well‐being, subjective social functioning, and quality of life among the elderly. The attendance rate for HT was 66%–100%, and no negative events were found.

Conclusion

Horticultural therapy has potentially positive effects on the physical functioning and psychological health of older adults. However, more rigorous randomised controlled trials with larger populations are required to confirm the findings.

Relevance to clinical practice

As a safe and promising nonpharmacological intervention, healthcare professionals may consider the HT intervention when caring for older adults with cancer, dementia and frailty.
Lifetime obesity trends are associated with subclinical myocardial injury: The Trøndelag health study
Authors: Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , de Lemos James A. , Hveem Kristian , Røsjø Helge , Omland Torbjørn
Published: October 2021

Background

Obesity is associated with subclinical myocardial injury as quantified by concentrations of cardiac troponin T, but whether lifetime excess weight history is associated with increased concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and how indices of abdominal adiposity and glycemic dysregulation affect these associations remain unclear.

Methods

We analyzed cTnI with a high‐sensitivity assay in 9739 participants in the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study at study visit 4 (2017–2019). BMI was assessed at study Visit 1 (1984–1986), 2 (1995–1997), 3 (2006–2008), and 4.

Results

Median age at visit 4 was 68.7 years and 59% were women. Concentrations of cTnI were detectable in 84.1% of study participants, with a median of 2.5 (1.5–4.5 ng/L). We identified three clusters of BMI trajectories from visit 1 to 4, (1) stable normal weight, (2) stable overweight, and (3) stable obesity. Participants in clusters 2 and 3 were at increased risk of elevated concentrations of cTnI at visit 4 (odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.09–1.47, and odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.33–2.17, p for trend <0.001). Participants in cluster 3 had 22.0 (95% CI 14.1–29.9) higher concentrations of cTnI compared to participants in cluster 1 (p for trend <0.001). Dysregulated glucose metabolism and abdominal obesity did not influence our results.

Conclusions

Individuals with stable overweight or obesity are at increased risk of subclinical myocardial injury, independently of glycemic dysregulation and abdominal adiposity. Our data support a direct detrimental effect of long‐standing obesity on cardiovascular health.
How does receiving gossip from coworkers influence employees’ task performance and interpersonal deviance? The moderating roles of regulatory focus and the mediating role of vicarious learning
Authors: Zhu Qianlin , Martinescu Elena , Beersma Bianca , Wei Feng
Published: October 2021

Based on social learning theory and regulatory focus theory, we propose that receiving positive and negative gossip from coworkers increases individuals’ vicarious learning, which subsequently improves their adaptive behaviours in the workplace, namely, increasing task performance and decreasing interpersonal deviance. Furthermore, we propose that gossip receivers’ regulatory foci determine the extent to which receivers engage in vicarious learning and change their behaviours. Results from two studies testing a moderated mediation model (Study 1: N = 214; Study 2: N = 189) showed that negative and positive gossip were indirectly related to increased receivers’ task performance and decreased interpersonal deviance through vicarious learning. The indirect effect of negative gossip was stronger for receivers with a high prevention focus, and the indirect effect of positive gossip was stronger for receivers with a high promotion focus. This research documents the beneficial role of receiving gossip from coworkers and advances our understanding of its consequences in the workplace.

Practitioner points

Managers should recognize gossip as a potentially effective channel for disseminating information, providing a valuable learning tool for the receivers, which they use according to their learning needs, as shaped by their regulatory focus.

Organizations could implement measures to share experiences and bolster employees’ vicarious learning through other means than gossip to mitigate potential negative effects of workplace gossip for the targets.

Managers should support higher transparency and access to information to facilitate learning and improve organizational effectiveness.
Cross‐sectional survey of Australian and New Zealand clinical staff to explore attitudes regarding medication prescription and administration during neonatal emergencies
Authors: Nguyen Timothy , Illipparampil Rosin , Wylie Liana , Cohen Naomi S , Clark Megan , Bhatia Risha , Duthie Kate , Craig Simon
Published: October 2021

Aim

To survey Australasian neonatal medical and nursing staff to determine confidence regarding medication use, prior experience with medication errors and common resources utilised in neonatal emergencies.

Methods

Data were collected through a cross‐sectional online survey distributed to clinical staff affiliated with the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network. Information collected included: demographics, confidence in medication use, medication errors and resources used to assist with medication administration. Outcomes were compared between medical staff and nursing staff, and between clinical staff with differing levels of clinical experience (<5 years, 5–10 years and >10 years).

Results

Respondents (n = 133) were most confident in calculating medication doses (89%, n = 119), but least confident in prescribing medication (50%, n = 67). Nurses were more likely to be confident than doctors with respect to appropriately diluting and drawing up medication (88% nurses vs. 28% doctors, P < 0.0001), and administering intravenous medications to critically ill neonates (97% nurses vs. 82% doctors, P < 0.01). Over half of respondents reported being personally involved in a medication error in the last 12 months: 33% had been involved in an error related to delayed administration, 18% related to incorrect documentation and 17% related to an incorrect dose. Free‐text responses highlighted issues relating to adrenaline (epinephrine) administration and difficulties with equipment (syringe drivers and/or infusion pumps).

Conclusions

Medication errors in neonatal emergencies are common. Strategies to reduce such errors should be implemented in settings where neonates may require emergency care or resuscitation.
Early versus delayed introduction of human milk fortification in enterally fed preterm infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hilditch Cathie , Keir Amy , Collins Carmel T , Middleton Philippa , Gomersall Judith
Published: October 2021

Aim

To assess effects of early versus delayed introduction of human milk fortification in preterm infants.

Methods

We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and CINAHL for randomised controlled trials evaluating start time for human milk fortification in preterm infants (March 2020). Two authors assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias, extracted data and assessed evidence certainty.

Results

We identified 1307 publications and included three trials (378 infants). Meta‐analysis comparing fortification commencing at an enteral feed volume of ≤40 mL/kg/day versus ≥75 mL/kg/day, showed little to no difference in rates of necrotising enterocolitis (3 trials), sepsis (3 trials), feeding intolerance (2 trials) (low‐quality evidence) and infant growth (1 trial, very low‐quality evidence).

Conclusions

Whether early introduction of fortification, at an enteral feed volume of ≤40 mL versus delayed at ≥75 mL/kg/day improves growth or influences adverse feeding outcomes is very uncertain.
Examining the Effectiveness of a Legislative Advocacy Program for Parents of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Burke Meghan , Rossetti Zach , Li Chak
Published: October 2021

Given the expertise of parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), it is important to include their voices in disability legislation. Although, historically, parents of children with IDD have spearheaded disability policy, in the past few decades, parent legislative advocacy has been minimal. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a legislative advocacy program for parents of individuals with IDD. Specifically, using an intervention and wait list control group, we sought to determine whether the legislative advocacy program resulted in increases in special education knowledge, empowerment, and civic engagement. We found that intervention (vs. the wait list control) group participants demonstrated significant increases in special education knowledge and empowerment. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Plasma and joint tissue pharmacokinetics of two doses of oral cannabidiol oil in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Spittler Alexa P. , Helbling Joel E. , McGrath Stephanie , Gustafson Daniel L. , Santangelo Kelly S. , Sadar Miranda J.
Published: October 2021

Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained widespread popularity as a treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) in pets; however, there is minimal scientific evidence regarding safe and effective dosing. This study determined plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics after oral CBD oil suspension administration in Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), which spontaneously develop OA at 3 months of age. Ten, 5‐month‐old, male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to receive 25 (n = 5) or 50 mg/kg (n = 5) CBD oil once orally. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h timepoints. Open‐field enclosure monitoring revealed no adverse effects. After euthanasia, stifle cartilage and infrapatellar fat pads were collected to quantitate CBD. CBD concentrations were determined using a validated liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. The area under the plasma concentration‐versus‐time curve was 379.5 and 873.7 h*ng/mL, maximum plasma concentration was 42 and 96.8 ng/mL, time to maximum plasma concentration was 1.6 and 4.8 h, and terminal phase half‐life was 8.1 and 10.8 h for the 25 and 50 mg/kg doses, respectively. CBD was detected in joint tissues of all animals. Further studies, including work in female guinea pigs, are needed to determine the efficacy of CBD for OA.
Medium‐ to large‐bodied mammal surveys across the Neotropics are heavily biased against the most faunally intact assemblages
Authors: Bogoni Juliano A. , Peres Carlos A. , Ferraz Katia M.P.M.B.
Published: October 2021

Biodiversity inventories provide critical information on the ecology of natural ecosystems and inform conservation planning at local to regional scales.

Based on a systematic review, we compiled data on over 1000 mammal inventories conducted throughout the Neotropics – from Mexico to Argentina – to document the status of assemblage‐wide field mammalogy in the world’s most biodiverse Tropical realm.

We analysed data using descriptive statistics and a confusion matrix to understand the prevalence of species' pseudo‐absences, map overall patterns of survey density, and quantify any geographic sampling bias.

Based on the 1028 site‐specific inventories published between 1983 and 2020, mean species richness of medium‐ to large‐bodied mammals was 11.9 (± 8.8 standard deviation). Local inventories were distributed across elevational gradients, and overall sampling effort and survey techniques employed were extremely variable. The best‐sampled regions were the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Mesoamerica, but we identified nine large assemblage‐wide Wallacean shortfalls and a pseudo‐absence rate of 11% (± 4% standard deviation); geographic sampling bias was largely related to human population density, regardless of the assemblages’ intactness presumably found in the undersampled wilderness regions of the Neotropics.

We document the 40‐year legacy of mammal field surveys throughout the Neotropics, where several glaring knowledge shortfalls still persist. This calls for an audacious research agenda for future Neotropical mammal studies, which should target sampling in more remote areas, standardise sampling methodology, and provide high‐resolution data that can be used to fill current knowledge shortfalls. To do so, Latin American countries and the wider international community will need to commit greater personnel and financial resources to understanding biodiversity patterns and processes related to the Tropical vertebrate fauna.
Mineralogy, petrology, and oxygen‐isotope compositions of magnetite ± fayalite assemblages in CO3, CV3, and LL3 chondrites
Authors: Krot Alexander N. , Doyle Patricia M. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Dobrică Elena , Petaev Michail I.
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We report on the mineralogy, petrology, and O‐isotope compositions of magnetite and fayalite (Fa90−100) from several metasomatically altered and weakly metamorphosed carbonaceous (Y‐81020 [CO3.05], EET 90043 [CO3.1], MAC 88107 [CO3.1‐like], and Kaba [oxidized Bali‐like CV3.1]) and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs; Semarkona [LL3.00], MET 00452 [LL3.05], MET 96503 [LL3.05], EET 910161 [LL3.05], Ngawi [LL3.0−3.6 breccia], and Vicência [LL3.2]). In MAC 88107, EET 90043, and Kaba, nearly pure fayalite (Fa98−100) associates with phyllosilicates, magnetite, Fe,Ni‐sulfides, and hedenbergite (Fs~50Wo~50), and occurs in all chondritic components—chondrules, matrices, and refractory inclusions. In UOCs, nearly pure fayalite (Fa95−98) associates with phyllosilicates and magnetite, and occurs mainly in matrices and fine‐grained chondrule rims. Oxygen‐isotope compositions of fayalite and magnetite in UOCs, COs, CVs, and MAC 88107 are in disequilibrium with those of chondrule olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene phenocrysts, and plot along mass‐dependent fractionation lines with slope of ~0.5, but different Δ17O (~+4.3 ± 1.4‰, −0.2 ± 0.6‰, −1.5 ± 1‰, and −1.8 ± 0.8‰, respectively). Based on the mineralogical observations, thermodynamic analysis, O‐isotope compositions, and recently reported experimental data, we infer that (1) fayalite and magnetite in COs, CVs, MAC 88107, and UOCs resulted from aqueous fluid–rock interaction on the chondrite parent asteroids that occurred at low local water‐to‐rock mass ratios (0.1−0.4) and elevated temperatures (~100−300 °C), and (2) Δ17O of fayalite and magnetite reflects O‐isotope compositions of aqueous fluids on the host meteorite parent bodies. The observed differences in Δ17O of fayalite–magnetite assemblages in UOCs, CVs, COs, and MAC 88107 suggest that water ices that accreted into the ordinary chondrite and carbonaceous chondrite parent asteroids had different Δ17O, implying spatial and/or temporal variations in O‐isotope compositions of water in the protoplanetary disk.
Petrography, mineralogy, and geochemistry of a new lunar magnesian feldspathic meteorite Northwest Africa 11460
Authors: Cao Haijun , Ling Zongcheng , Chen Jian , Fu Xiaohui , Zou Yongliao
Published: October 2021

Lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11460 has been classified as a polymict breccia, composed of feldspathic clasts, mafic‐rich clasts (gabbroic and troctolitic fragments), granulites, and a wide range of impact melt breccias and dimict breccias. The non‐mare clasts have chemical affinities in major element composition to the Apollo ferroan anorthosites (FAN) and magnesian‐suite plutonic rocks. In contrast, incompatible trace element (ITE) compositions of the Mg‐richer clasts are more consistent with those of FANs rather than magnesian‐suite rocks. NWA 11460 has a Mg‐rich feldspathic bulk composition (FeO = 4.53 wt%, Al2O3 = 25.87 wt%, and Mg# = 73.8) and relatively ITE‐poor (i.e., Th = 0.31 ppm and Sm = 0.65 ppm) characteristics. Feldspathic impact melt materials are approximately similar in composition to the estimated composition for the upper feldspathic lunar crust (as defined by Korotev et␣al., 2003). The ITE‐poor and Mg‐rich characteristics different from Apollo 16 feldspathic impact melts indicate that this meteorite has been possibly derived from a region distal to the nearside lunar highlands. Our analysis further suggests that NWA 11460 most likely originated from the farside of the Moon. Compositionally, Mg‐rich ITE‐poor clasts within NWA 11460 as well as those observed in other feldspathic lunar meteorites (which probably came from many different lunar regions) reveal that Mg‐rich rocks with low‐ITE components represent an important constituent of lunar crustal rocks. The diversities of highly magnesian non‐mare clasts and the low‐ITE chemistry provide geochemical clues for the genetic relationship between KREEP components and magnesian plutonic magmatism on the lunar farside.
A plant reovirus hijacks the DNAJB12–Hsc70 chaperone complex to promote viral spread in its planthopper vector
Authors: Liang Qifu , Wan Jiajia , Liu Huan , Chen Manni , Xue Taoran , Jia Dongsheng , Chen Qian , Chen Hongyan , Wei Taiyun
Published: October 2021

Many viruses usurp the functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for virus‐encoded membrane proteins proper functional folding or assembly to promote virus spread. Southern rice black‐streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a plant reovirus, exploits virus‐containing tubules composed of nonstructural membrane protein P7‐1 to spread in its planthopper vector Sogatella furcifera. Here, we report that two factors of the ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, the ER chaperone DNAJB12 and its cytosolic co‐chaperone Hsc70, are activated by SRBSDV to facilitate ER‐to‐cytosol export of P7‐1 tubules in S. furcifera. Both P7‐1 of SRBSDV and Hsc70 directly bind to the J‐domain of DNAJB12. DNAJB12 overexpression induces ER retention of P7‐1, but Hsc70 overexpression promotes the transport of P7‐1 from the ER to the cytosol to initiate tubule assembly. Thus, P7‐1 is initially retained in the ER by interaction with DNAJB12 and then delivered to Hsc70. Furthermore, the inhibitors of the ATPase activity of Hsc70 reduce P7‐1 tubule assembly, suggesting that the proper folding and assembly of P7‐1 tubules is dependent on the ATPase activity of Hsc70. The DNAJB12–Hsc70 chaperone complex is recruited to P7‐1 tubules in virus‐infected midgut epithelial cells in S. furcifera. The knockdown of DNAJB12 or Hsc70 strongly inhibits P7‐1 tubule assembly in vivo, finally suppressing effective viral spread in S. furcifera. Taken together, our results indicate that the DNAJB12–Hsc70 chaperone complex in the ERAD machinery facilitates the ER‐to‐cytosol transport of P7‐1 for proper assembly of tubules, enabling viral spread in insect vectors in a manner dependent on ATPase activity of Hsc70.
Invasive aspergillosis in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia patients: Results from SEIFEM 2016‐B survey
Authors: Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Dragonetti Giulia , Conti Allegra , Verga Luisa , Ballanti Stelvio , Fanci Rosa , Candoni Anna , Marchesi Francesco , Cattaneo Chiara , Lessi Federica , Fracchiolla Nicola , Spolzino Angelica , Prezioso Lucia , Delia Mario , Potenza Leonardo , Decembrino Nunzia , Castagnola Carlo , Nadali Gianpaolo , Picardi Marco , Zama Daniele , Orciulo Enrico , Veggia Barbara , Garzia Mariagrazia , Dargenio Michelina , Melillo Lorella , Manetta Sara , Russo Domenico , Mancini Valentina , Piedimonte Monica , Tisi Maria Chiara , Toschi Nicola , Busca Alessandro , Pagano Livio ,   behalf of the SEIFEM group,   Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni nelle Emopatie (SEIFEM) group
Published: October 2021

Background

In patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (R/R AML) who received salvage chemotherapy, limited and not updated studies explored the incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) and the role of antifungal prophylaxis (AP). The aims of this multicentre retrospective ‘SEIFEM 2016‐B’ study were as follows: (1) to evaluate the current rate and the outcome of proven/probable IA and (2) to assess the efficacy of AP, in a large ‘real life’ series of patient with R/R AML submitted to salvage chemotherapy.

Results

Of 2250 R/R AML patients, a total of 74 cases of IA (5.1%) were recorded as follows: 10 (0.7%) proven and 64 (4.3%) probable. Information about AP were available in 73/74 (99%) patients. Fifty‐eight (79%) breakthrough infections occurred, mainly during AP with posaconazole [25 (43%)]. The patients who received AP during salvage chemotherapy showed a benefit from antifungal therapy (AT) than patients who did not received AP [43 (86%) vs 7 (14%); p < .033]. In a multivariate analysis, AP and absence of severe mucositis had a significant favourable effect on overall response rate.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrated that the incidence of IA during the salvage chemotherapy is similar to the past. Nevertheless, the attributable mortality rate (AMR) appears to be lower than that previously reported in R/R AML. Further prospective studies should be performed to confirm our preliminary observation and understand and the why a decreased AMR is reported in this setting of high‐risk patients.