bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo detection of tau fibrils and amyloid β aggregates with luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes and multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Calvo-Rodriguez Maria , Hou Steven S. , Snyder Austin C. , Dujardin Simon , Shirani Hamid , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Bacskai Brian J.
Published: November 2019

The detection of amyloid beta deposits and neurofibrillary tangles, both hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is key to understanding the mechanisms underlying these pathologies. Luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) enable fluorescence imaging of these protein aggregates. Using LCOs and multiphoton microscopy, individual tangles and amyloid beta deposits were labeled in vivo and imaged longitudinally in a mouse model of tauopathy and cerebral amyloidosis, respectively. Importantly, LCO HS-84, whose emission falls in the green region of the spectrum, allowed for the first time longitudinal imaging of tangle dynamics following a single intravenous injection. In addition, LCO HS-169, whose emission falls in the red region of the spectrum, successfully labeled amyloid beta deposits, allowing multiplexing with other reporters whose emission falls in the green region of the spectrum. In conclusion, this method can provide a new approach for longitudinal in vivo imaging using multiphoton microscopy of AD pathologies as well as other neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation in mouse models.
Effects of the interplanetary magnetic field y component on the dayside aurora
Authors: Liou K. , Mitchell E.
Published: November 2019

A dawn–dusk asymmetry in many high-latitude ionospheric and magnetospheric phenomena, including the aurora, can be linked to the east–west (y) component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Owing to the scarcity of observations in the Southern Hemisphere, most of the previous findings are associated with the Northern Hemisphere. It has long been suspected that if the IMF By component also produces a dawn–dusk asymmetry and/or a mirror image in the Southern Hemisphere as predicted by some theories. The present study explores the effect of the IMF By component on the dayside aurora from both hemispheres by analyzing the auroral emission data from the Global UltraViolet scanning spectrograph Imager on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics mission spacecraft from 2002 to 2007. The data set comprises 28,774 partial images of the northern hemispheric oval and 29,742 partial images of the southern hemispheric oval, allowing for a statistical analysis. It is found that even though auroras in different regions of the dayside oval respond differently to the orientation of the IMF By component, their responses are opposite between the two hemispheres. For example, at ~ 1400–1600 MLT in the Northern Hemisphere, where the so-called 1500 MLT auroral hot spots occur, peak auroral energy flux is larger for negative IMF By comparing to positive IMF By. The response is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere. The present study also suggests that the total energy flux does not change with the IMF By orientation change. This result is consistent with a larger (smaller) convection vortex in the postnoon sector for IMF By < 0 (By > 0) resulting from anti-parallel merging.
Current progress in application of polymeric nanofibers to tissue engineering
Authors: Nemati Sorour , Kim Se-jeong , Shin Young Min , Shin Heungsoo
Published: November 2019

Tissue engineering uses a combination of cell biology, chemistry, and biomaterials to fabricate three dimensional (3D) tissues that mimic the architecture of extracellular matrix (ECM) comprising diverse interwoven nanofibrous structure. Among several methods for producing nanofibrous scaffolds, electrospinning has gained intense interest because it can make nanofibers with a porous structure and high specific surface area. The processing and solution parameters of electrospinning can considerably affect the assembly and structural morphology of the fabricated nanofibers. Electrospun nanofibers can be made from natural or synthetic polymers and blending them is a straightforward way to tune the functionality of the nanofibers. Furthermore, the electrospun nanofibers can be functionalized with various surface modification strategies. In this review, we highlight the latest achievements in fabricating electrospun nanofibers and describe various ways to modify the surface and structure of scaffolds to promote their functionality. We also summarize the application of advanced polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds in the regeneration of human bone, cartilage, vascular tissues, and tendons/ligaments.
Reducing filter effects in GRACE-derived polar motion excitations
Authors: Göttl Franziska , Murböck Michael , Schmidt Michael , Seitz Florian
Published: November 2019

Polar motion is caused by mass redistribution and motion within the Earth system. The GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite mission observed variations of the Earth’s gravity field which are caused by mass redistribution. Therefore GRACE time variable gravity field models are a valuable source to estimate individual geophysical mass-related excitations of polar motion. Since GRACE observations contain erroneous meridional stripes, filtering is essential to retrieve meaningful information about mass redistribution within the Earth system. However filtering reduces not only the noise but also smoothes the signal and induces leakage of neighboring subsystems into each other. We present a novel approach to reduce these filter effects in GRACE-derived equivalent water heights and polar motion excitation functions which is based on once- and twice-filtered gravity field solutions. The advantages of this method are that it is independent from geophysical model information, works on global grid point scale and can therefore be used for mass variation estimations of several subsystems of the Earth. A closed-loop simulation reveals that due to application of the new filter effect reduction approach the uncertainties in GRACE-derived polar motion excitations can be decreased from 12–48% to 5–29%, especially for the oceanic excitations. Comparisons of real GRACE data with model-based oceanic excitations show that the agreement can be improved by up to 15 percentage points.
Movement behavior of the Monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides): new insights into the ecology of a unique marsupial
Authors: Franco Lida M. , Fontúrbel Francisco E. , Guevara Giovany , Soto-Gamboa Mauricio
Published: November 2019

Background

Behavior and activity patterns largely determine animal’s fitness and their ecological roles. Those patterns depend on many factors, being body mass, sex and age the most relevant in mammals. Particularly, those factors altogether with environmental conditions could influence movement behavior of mammals that hibernate, such as the Monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides).

Methods

To evaluate its movement behavior and activity we radio-tracked D. gliroides 12 individuals (8 females and 4 males, corresponding to 5 adults and 7 sub-adults) during the austral summer. With the estimated locations we estimated home ranges, core areas and their relationship with body mass. We also assessed movement speed during early (19:00 to 01:00 h), peak (01:00 to 03:00 h) and late (03:00 to 07:00 h) activity periods. This study was conducted at the San Martín experimental forest (Valdivia, southern Chile).

Results

Estimated home range areas were 1.04 ± 0.20 ha, and core areas were 0.27 ± 0.06 ha; we found no significant differences between males and females, nor between adults and sub-adults. Home range and core areas were independent of body mass in females but showed positive relationships in males. Core area overlap was larger between sub-adult and adult individuals (35%) than between adult males and females (13%). Average movement D. gliroides speed was 1.45 m/min, reaching its lowest value during the peak activity period (01:00 to 03:00 h), but being faster during early and late activity periods. Those speed differences may be related to travelling and foraging activities.

Conclusion

Home range and core areas estimated here showed a large variability, which can be related to environmental factors. Home range size was positively correlated with body mass on males but not on females. Also, lower movement speeds at the peak activity period suggest that D. gliroides concentrates feeding activities at this time. As D. gliroides disperses the seeds of at least 16 native plant species, its movement behavior also has important consequences at the community level.
Triassic (Anisian and Rhaetian) palaeomagnetic poles from the Germanic Basin (Winterswijk, the Netherlands)
Authors: van Hinsbergen Lars P. P. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Langereis Cor G. , Dekkers Mark J. , Zanderink Bas , Deenen Martijn H. L.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we provide two new Triassic palaeomagnetic poles from Winterswijk, the Netherlands, in the stable interior of the Eurasian plate. They were respectively collected from the Anisian (~ 247–242 Ma) red marly limestones of the sedimentary transition of the Buntsandstein Formation to the dark grey limestones of the basal Muschelkalk Formation, and from the Rhaetian (~ 208–201 Ma) shallow marine claystones that unconformably overlie the Muschelkalk Formation. The magnetization is carried by hematite or magnetite in the Anisian limestones, and iron sulfides and magnetite in the Rhaetian sedimentary rocks, revealing for both a large normal polarity overprint with a recent (geocentric axial dipole field) direction at the present latitude of the locality. Alternating field and thermal demagnetization occasionally reveal a stable magnetization decaying towards the origin, interpreted as the Characteristic Remanent Magnetization. Where we find a pervasive (normal polarity) overprint, we can often still determine well-defined great-circle solutions. Our interpreted palaeomagnetic poles include the great-circle solutions. The Anisian magnetic pole has declination D ± ∆Dx = 210.8 ± 3.0°, inclination I ± ∆Ix = − 26.7 ± 4.9°, with a latitude, longitude of 45.0°, 142.0° respectively, K = 43.9, A95 = 2.9°, N = 56. The Rhaetian magnetic pole has declination D ± ∆Dx = 32.0 ± 8.7°, inclination I ± ∆Ix = 50.9 ± 8.1°, with a latitude, longitude of 60.6°, 123.9° respectively, K = 19.3, A95 = 7.4°, N = 21. The poles plot close to the predicted location of global apparent polar wander paths (GAPWaPs) in Eurasian coordinates and are feasible for future apparent polar wander path construction. They confirm that the intracontinental, shallow-marine Germanic Basin, in which the Muschelkalk Formation was deposited, existed at a palaeolatitude of 14.1° [11.3, 17.1] N, in a palaeo-environment reminding of the Persian Gulf today. In Rhaetian times, palaeolatitudes of 31.6° [24.8, 39.8] N were reached, on its way to the modern latitude of 52°N.
STEM Is Not a Monolith: A Preliminary Analysis of Variations in STEM Disciplinary Cultures and Implications for Change
Authors: Reinholz Daniel L. , Matz Rebecca L. , Cole Renee , Apkarian Naneh
Published: November 2019

Research suggests that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) departments are a productive unit of focus for systemic change efforts. In particular, they are relatively coherent units of culture, and cultural changes are critical to creating sustainable improvements. However, the STEM disciplines are often treated as a monolith in change literature, and unique aspects of these different disciplinary cultures—and consequences for change efforts—remain somewhat underdeveloped. This exploratory study focuses on similarities and differences among STEM disciplinary cultures, drawing on data gathered from scholars in discipline-based education research who attended two sessions at the 2017 Transforming Research in Undergraduate STEM Education conference. Our analyses of these data help begin to characterize disciplinary cultures using the theoretical lens of four frames: structures, symbols, power, and people. We find preliminary evidence for both similarities and differences among the cultures of STEM disciplines. Implications for change efforts and future directions for research are discussed.
Dermatology-Driven Quality Improvement Interventions to Decrease Diagnostic Delays for Kaposi Sarcoma in Botswana
Authors: Williams Victoria L. , Narasimhamurthy Mohan , Rodriguez Olaf , Mosojane Karen , Bale Thapelo , Kesalopa Koorileng , Kayembe Mukendi A. , Grover Surbhi
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an HIV-associated skin cancer that is highly prevalent in Botswana and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Histopathology-confirmed diagnosis is required for chemotherapeutic interventions in Botswana, which creates barriers to care because of limited biopsy and pathology services. We sought to understand the role a dermatology specialist can play in improving KS care through quality improvement (QI) initiatives to reduce histologic turnaround times (TATs) for KS.

METHODS

Employment of a dermatology specialist within a public health care system that previously lacked a local dermatologist generated quality improvements in KS care. Retrospective review identified patients diagnosed with KS by skin biopsy in the predermatology QI interval (January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015) versus the postdermatology QI interval (January 1, 2016, to November 31, 2017). Histology TATs and clinical characteristics were recorded. A t test compared the median histology TATs in the pre- and post-QI intervals.

RESULTS

A total of 192 cases of KS were diagnosed by skin biopsy. Sixty percent of patients were male with a median age of 39 years; nearly all were HIV-positive (98.4%). Median TAT in the postdermatology QI interval was 11 days (interquartile range, 12-23 days) compared with 32 days in the predermatology QI interval (interquartile range, 24-56 days; P < .00).

CONCLUSION

Dermatology-led QI initiatives to improve multispecialty care coordination can significantly decrease histology TATs for KS. The reduction of diagnostic delays is a key first step to decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with this cancer in resource-limited settings.
Skeletal Effects of Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Older Adults: A TRUST Randomized Trial Nested Study
Authors: Gonzalez Rodriguez Elena , Stuber Mirah , Del Giovane Cinzia , Feller Martin , Collet Tinh-Hai , Löwe Axel L , Blum Manuel R , van Vliet Nicolien A , van Heemst Diana , Kearney Patricia M , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Mooijaart Simon , Westendorp Rudi G J , Stott David J , Aeberli Daniel , Bauer Douglas C , Hans Didier , Rodondi Nicolas
Published: November 2019

Context

Both thyroid dysfunction and levothyroxine (LT4) therapy have been associated with bone loss, but studies on the effect of LT4 for subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) on bone yielded conflicting results.

Objective

To assess the effect of LT4 treatment on bone mineral density (BMD), Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in older adults with SHypo.

Design and Intervention

Planned nested substudy of the double-blind placebo-controlled TRUST trial. Participants with SHypo were randomized to LT4 with dose titration versus placebo with computerized mock titration.

Setting and Participants

196 community-dwelling adults over 65 years enrolled at the Swiss TRUST sites had baseline and 1-year follow-up bone examinations; 4 participants withdrew due to adverse events not related to treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

One-year percentage changes of BMD, TBS, and 2 serum BTMs (serum CTX-1 [sCTX] and procollagen type 1 N-terminal polypeptide [P1NP]). Student’s t-test for unadjusted analyses and linear regression adjusted for clinical center and sex were performed.

Results

Mean age was 74.3 years ± 5.7, 45.4% were women, and 19.6% were osteoporotic. The unadjusted 1-year change in lumbar spine BMD was similar between LT4 (+0.8%) and placebo-treated groups (–0.6%; between-groups difference +1.4%: 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.1 to 2.9, P = .059). Likewise, there were no between-group differences in 1-year change in TBS (–1.3%: 95% CI –3.1 to 0.6, P = .19), total hip BMD (–0.2%: 95% CI –1.1 to 0.1, P = .61), or BTMs levels (sCTX +24.1%: 95% CI –7.9 to 56.2, P = .14), or after adjustment for clinical centers and sex.

Conclusions

Over 1-year levothyroxine had no effect on bone health in older adults with SHypo.

Registration

ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01660126 and NCT02491008
Biochemical Control in Acromegaly With Multimodality Therapies: Outcomes From a Pituitary Center and Changes Over Time
Authors: Ghajar Alireza , Jones Pamela S , Guarda Francisco J , Faje Alex , Tritos Nicholas A , Miller Karen K , Swearingen Brooke , Nachtigall Lisa B
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) normalization with long-term multimodality therapy in a pituitary center and to assess changes over time.

Methods

Patients with acromegaly (N = 409), with ≥1 year of data after surgery and at least 2 subsequent clinic visits were included in long-term analysis (N = 266). Biochemical data, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic interventions were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

At diagnosis, mean [standard deviation] age was 43.4 [14.3] years, body mass index was 28.5 (24.9–32.1) kg/m2 (median, interquartile range), serum IGF-1 index (IGF-1 level/upper limit of normal) was 2.3 [1.7–3.1], and 80.5% had macroadenomas. Patients with transsphenoidal surgery after 2006 were older [46.6 ± 14.3 vs 40.0 ± 13.4 years; P < 0.001]. Age and tumor size correlated inversely. Overall (N = 266), 93.2% achieved a normal IGF-1 level during 9.9 [5.0–15.0] years with multimodality therapy. The interval to first normal IGF-1 level following failed surgical remission was shorter after 2006: 14.0 (95% confidence interval, 10.0–20.0) versus 27.5 (22.0–36.0) months (P = 0.002). Radiation therapy and second surgery were rarer after 2006: 28 (22%) versus 62 (47.0%); P < 0.001 and 12 (9.4%) versus 28 (21.2%); P = 0.010, respectively. Age at diagnosis increased over time periods, possibly reflecting increased detection of acromegaly in older patients with milder disease. Male gender, older age, smaller tumor and lower IGF-1 index at diagnosis predicted long-term sustained IGF-1 control after surgery without adjuvant therapies.

Conclusion

The vast majority of patients with acromegaly can be biochemically controlled with multimodality therapy in the current era. Radiotherapy and repeat pituitary surgery became less frequently utilized over time. Long-term postoperative IGF-1 control without use of adjuvant therapies has improved.
Formula Feeding and Immature Gut Microcirculation Promote Intestinal Hypoxia leading to Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Chen Yong , Koike Yuhki , Chi Lijun , Ahmed Abdalla , Miyake Hiromu , Li Bo , Lee Carol , Delgado-Olguín Paul , Pierro Agostino
Published: November 2019

Major risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are formula feeding and prematurity, however, their pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. We found that insufficient arginine/nitric oxide synthesis limits blood flow in the intestinal microvasculature, leading to hypoxia, mucosa damage and NEC in the premature intestine after formula feeding. Formula feeding led to increased intestinal hypoxia in pups at postnatal day 1(P1) and P5, but not in more mature pups at P9. Accordingly, blood flow in the intestinal microvasculature increased after formula feeding only in P9 pups. mRNA profiling revealed that regulators of arginine/nitric oxide synthesis are at higher levels in endothelial cells of the intestine of P9 than P1 pups. Importantly, arginine supplementation increased intestinal microvasculature blood flow, and prevented NEC, whereas an arginine antagonist exacerbated NEC. Our results suggest that balancing intestinal oxygen demand and supply in the premature intestine by modulating arginine/nitric oxide could be used to prevent NEC.
Longitudinal study revealing motor, cognitive and behavioral decline in a transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease
Authors: Baxa Monika , Levinska Bozena , Skrivankova Monika , Pokorny Matous , Juhasova Jana , Klima Jiri , Klempir Jiri , Motlı́k Jan , Juhas Stefan , Ellederova Zdenka
Published: November 2019

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited devastating neurodegenerative disease with no known cure to date. Several therapeutic treatments for HD are in development, but their safety, tolerability and efficacy need to be tested before translation to bedside. The monogenetic nature of this disorder has enabled the generation of transgenic animal models carrying a mutant huntingtin (mHTT) gene causing HD. A large animal model reflecting disease progression in humans would be beneficial for testing the potential therapeutic approaches. Progression of the motor, cognitive and behavioral phenotype was monitored in transgenic Huntington's disease minipigs (TgHD) expressing the N-terminal part of human mHTT. New tests were established to investigate physical activity by telemetry, and to explore the stress-induced behavioral and cognitive changes in minipigs. The longitudinal study revealed significant differences between 6- to 8-year-old TgHD animals and their wild-type (WT) controls in a majority of the tests. The telemetric study showed increased physical activity of 4.6- to 6.5-year-old TgHD boars compared to their WT counterparts during the lunch period as well as in the afternoon. Our phenotypic study indicates progression in adult TgHD minipigs and therefore this model could be suitable for longstanding preclinical studies of HD.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Common Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries
Authors: Weinstein Sarah , Khodaee Morteza , VanBaak Karin
Published: November 2019

Participation in skiing, and especially snowboarding, continues to rise. As participation and level of competition in these winter sports increases, the number of injuries increases as well. Upper-extremity injuries are more common in snowboarding, whereas lower-extremity injuries are more common in skiing. Head injuries, particularly concussions, are common in both sports. Special consideration in these sports should be given to environmental conditions, such as high altitude and ultraviolet radiation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most common musculoskeletal injuries seen in skiing and snowboarding, as well as considerations for initial assessment of these injuries and triage to the appropriate level of care. It is important for sports medicine physicians covering these sports to understand initial assessment and treatment of these injuries. Due to the potential for severe injuries in these sports, it is important to be able to quickly recognize an injury that needs to be assessed and treated urgently or emergently. With the increased participation and number of injuries in these sports, it also is important to consider prevention strategies that may minimize risk of injury.
The role of the heart failure nurse and use of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors
Authors: Melville Martin
Published: November 2019

Diabetes significantly increases the morbidity and mortality faced by patients with heart failure. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors can improve glycaemic control and reduce mortality. They can also improve the cardiovascular risk profile as well as act as a diuretic and reduce hospital admissions because of heart failure. This article will review how these medications work, their place in the treatment of heart failure and the patient education needed before starting these medications. The article will also discuss the role played by heart failure specialist nurses in prescribing and monitoring the impact of these medications on patients. The article concludes with a horizon scan of the potential future implications for heart failure specialist nurses of these medications.
Vaginal birth after caesarean: how NICE guidelines can inform midwifery practice
Authors: Dunning Tessa , Martin Hayley , McGrath Yvonne
Published: November 2019

Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) is an increasingly common choice offered to women in the UK. March 2019 saw the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) publish new guidelines surrounding this area of intrapartum care. NICE's recommendations could be used in conjunction with existing guidelines, for example those published by the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG) in 2015, to improve the experiences for women choosing VBAC and support healthcare professionals caring for women choosing trial of labour after caesarean (TOLAC) and VBAC. This article explores the history of VBAC and discusses how the new guidelines may inform future practice.
The SAPlings project: an alternative antenatal care pathway
Authors: Randall Wendy
Published: November 2019

There are increasing demands on the provision of antenatal care. In Oxfordshire, an alternative pathway for women with the most complex socio-economic and obstetric demands on their pregnancies was introduced to meet the needs of these women and reduce community midwives' caseload. A review of this cohort identified that they overaccessed both scheduled and unscheduled antenatal care, but they rarely accessed antenatal education programmes or children's centres. Therefore, an alternative model of antenatal care was planned, based on the Centering model. This aimed to better meet these women's antenatal care and education needs and reduce the impact on the maternity service. Initially, one group was piloted and this has now been expanded to four teams throughout Oxfordshire. The groups have grown and the feedback from women and midwives has been extremely positive.
SAFER: A mnemonic to improve safety-netting advice in prescribing practice
Authors: Silverston Paul
Published: November 2019

One of the most fundamental concepts in medicine is that our ability to prescribe the correct medication is based upon our ability to make the correct diagnosis first. However, the relationship between illness, time and clinical assessment often means that the initial diagnosis may either be uncertain or incorrect. In addition, a patient may experience a serious complication of what is normally a minor illness. The dynamic and unpredictable nature of illness needs to be managed safely through the provision of safety-netting advice. However, it is essential that the medical content of that advice covers the specific medical criteria that would require a patient to seek a medical re-assessment of their symptoms and of their diagnosis. This article describes a mnemonic to help facilitate the development of symptom-based, patient safety-focused, safety-netting advice.
The anterolateral ligament is a secondary stabilizer in the knee joint
Authors: Kang Kyoung-Tak , Koh Yong-Gon , Park Kyoung-Mi , Choi Chong-Hyuck , Jung Min , Shin Jucheol , Kim Sung-Hwan
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effect of the anterolateral ligament (ALL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), or both ALL and ACL on kinematics under dynamic loading conditions using dynamic simulation subject-specific knee models.

Methods

Five subject-specific musculoskeletal models were validated with computationally predicted muscle activation, electromyography data, and previous experimental data to analyze effects of the ALL and ACL on knee kinematics under gait and squat loading conditions.

Results

Anterior translation (AT) significantly increased with deficiency of the ACL, ALL, or both structures under gait cycle loading. Internal rotation (IR) significantly increased with deficiency of both the ACL and ALL under gait and squat loading conditions. However, the deficiency of ALL was not significant in the increase of AT, but it was significant in the increase of IR under the squat loading condition.

Conclusion

The results of this study confirm that the ALL is an important lateral knee structure for knee joint stability. The ALL is a secondary stabilizer relative to the ACL under simulated gait and squat loading conditions. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:509–517.
PEMBENTUKAN NANOPARTIKEL PADUAN CoCrMo DENGAN METODA PEMADUAN MEKANIK[Manufacturing of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Nano-Particle by Using Mechanical Alloying]]
Authors: Sukaryo Sulistioso Giat , Adi Wisnu Ari
Published: November 2019

AbstrakMetoda pemaduan mekanik adalah reaksi padatan dari beberapa logam dengan memanfaatkan proses deformasi untuk membentuk suatu paduan. Pada penelitian ini dibuat paduan Co-Cr-Mo dengan  proses wet milling dengan variasi waktu milling selama 3, 5, 10, 20, dan 30 jam. Proses wet milling sangat efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya oksidasi dan juga memicu pembentukan paduan Co-Cr-Mo dengan baik. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi pertumbuhan fasa γ pada durasi milling 3, 5, 10, 20, dan 30 jam, berturut-turut sebesar 42,80 %; 67,61 %; 82,94 %, 84,63 % dan 88,92 %. Ukuran kristalit fasa γ sebesar 25,9 nm; 12,5 nm; 5,1 nm dan 4,9 nm seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu milling. Disimpulkan bahwa telah berhasil dilakukan pembuatan paduan nanokristalin Co-Cr-Mo dengan metode pemaduan mekanik lebih dari 85 % dengan waktu milling minimum selama 30 jam. Kata kunci : Co-Cr-Mo, pemaduan mekanik, nano-kristalin AbstractSynthesis of Co-Cr-Mo nano-crystalline by mechanical alloying has been carried out. Mechanical alloying is a solid state reaction of some metals by utilizing the deformation process to form an alloy. In this research, parameter milling time used for making Co-Cr-Mo alloy by wet milling process is 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 h. Wet milling process is very effective to prevent oxidation and triggers the formation of fine Co-Cr-Mo alloys. Results of XRD pattern refinement shows that Co-Cr-Mo alloys was growth by percentage approximately around 42.80%, 67.61%, 82.94%, 84.63% and 88.92% for milling time 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 h, respectively. Otherwise, crystalline size measurement after milling time 5, 10, 20, and 30 h obtained around 25.9 nm, 12.5 nm, 5.1 nm and 4.9 nm, respectively. This research concluded that the optimum milling time could obtained synthesizes nano-crystalline of Co-Cr-Mo alloy more than 85% is 30 h. Keywords: Co-Cr-Mo alloy, mechanical alloying,  nano-crystalline
Methotrexate delayed wound healing of a pyogenic granuloma in a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Authors: Schwarzmeier Lígia Ângelo Tavares , Kitakawa Dárcio , Rosa Luiz Eduardo Blumer , Cabral Luiz Antonio Guimarães , Almeida Janete Dias
Published: November 2019

A nine-year-old girl with of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in use of methotrexate complained of a self-bleeding ulcerated lesion exhibiting a red surface in the lower lip. Pyogenic granuloma was confirmed by histopathological analysis. After the 7th and 15th days, the lip where biopsy had been done exhibited a deficient healing. The case was discussed with the physician for temporary suspension of methotrexate. Complete wound healing of the biopsied site occurred after temporary interruption of the medication. Wound healing after methotrexate temporary suspension allowed concluding that the drug delayed surgical wound healing was a consequence of drug cytotoxicity.
Effects of Ferrule and Diameter of Parallel Cast Post and Core on Fracture Resistance
Authors: Maalhagh-Fard Ahmad , Pacheco Rafael Rocha , Gill Karanjot , Wagner Warren Charles
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using different diameters of parallel cast posts with, or without ferrule, on the overall fracture resistance of Cast Post and Core (CPC).Material and methods: Forty (40) endodontically treated human maxillary central incisors were divided into four groups (n=10): [F1] 1.0 mm diameter post with ferrule; [NF1] 1.0 mm diameter cast post without ferrule; [F1.5] 1.5 mm diameter cast post with ferrule; [NF1.5] 1.5 mm diameter post without ferrule. For all teeth, the post space (9.0 mm, in depth) was prepared using ParaPostTM drill. CPC using base metal alloy were fabricated and were cemented using resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement along with the PFM crowns. A universal testing machine (Instron) was used to apply horizontal force perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth at the center of lingual surface, until catastrophic failure. Data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and Scheffé tests (P<0.05).Results: Both post diameter and ferrule statistically affected the maximum load at fracture (P=0.004 and P=0.013, respectively). The highest mean values were observed for samples with ferrule and wider post size (490N), while the lowest were observed for samples without ferrule and narrower post size (254N). There was no relationship between the presence of a ferrule and post size (P=0.937).Conclusions: For endodontically treated teeth with no ferrule, a wider-diameter cast post increases fracture resistance of a CPC and PFM crown procedure.
Prevalence of oral mucosal status in resident and non-resident nursing home in Isfahan city, Iran: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Saberi Zahra , Pakravan Fahimeh , Mohsenzadeh Leila
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral mucosal status of residents nursing home and non-resident in Isfahan, Iran and compare them with each other. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comparing 281 elderly in two groups: 141 resident and 140 non-residents nursing homes in Isfahan, Iran. The selection of nursing home and all of elderly was randomly. The nonresidents elderly were randomly selected from the public places adjacent to the nursing home. Persons were examining and the relevant information recorded in a checklists. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 using t-test, chi square, Mann- Whitney, Fisher exact test. (?=0/05). Results: The sample of the case was 281 people, including 135 males (48%) and 146 females (52%). Of all the subjects 153 patients (54.4%) had at least one oral lesion, 78 (55.3%) in resident nursing home and 75 (53.6%) in non-resident. There was no significant difference between two groups based on Chi-Square test (P>0/05). In this study, 25 different types of lesions were recorded, the most common lesion in all participants was epulis fissuratum (12.1%). Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of mucosal lesions is high in the elderly living in the centers and in the non-resident. Therefore, maintaining dentures is necessary to prevent and control lesions. KeywordsLesion; Mouth mucosa; Elderly; Nursing home; Cross-sectional study.
Retentiveness comparison of individual clasps made from polyamide, acetate resin and cobalt-chrome for removable partial dentures
Authors: Mutto Juan Cruz , Sato Tabata Prado , Da Silva João Mauricio Ferraz , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Uemura Eduardo Shigueyuki
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the retention force of individual clasps made from polyamide, acetate resin and cobalt-chrome for removable partial dentures. Material and methods: Three groups of clasps were fabricated: Cr-Co - 10 conventional chrome-cobalt metal clasps; Ac - 10 clasps with reciprocal arms and occlusal rests in chrome-cobalt and retentive arms in acetate resin; and Poly - 10 clasps with reciprocal arms and occlusal rests in chrome-cobalt and retentive arms in polyamide resin. Through the tensile test, in a universal testing machine, the initial retention force of the specimens was obtained and then clasps were cycled 7200 times, immersed in artificial saliva (60 months of simulated clinical use). After cycling, tensile test was performed. Results: All groups presented a retention decrease after the cycling. Ac presented a large reduction in retentive force (61.43%), followed by Cr-Co (26.5%) and Poly (12.09%). Conclusions: Aesthetic clasps of polyamide can be used in clinical cases where the anterior supporting teeth will not be essential for good retention of the removable partial denture because this clasp showed to be more resistant than the acetate resin.
Evaluation and Correlation between craniofacial bone densities and C1 and C2 cervical vertebrae using multislice computed tomography.
Authors: Morita Lucas , Da Silva Vagner Braga , Munhoz Luciana , Arita Emiko Saito , Watanabe Plauto Christopher Aranha
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) as an osteoporosis screening tool, evaluating the relation between the bone mineral density (BMD) from maxilla and mandible with the cervical vertebrae, using the Hounsfield units (HU).Methods: It was included in this study a convenience sample of 118 multislice CT examinations from patients who underwent maxilla, mandible and cervical vertebrae (C1 and C2) simultaneously scans. For each patient, the following regions on both sides of head CT scans were assessed in sagittal slice: above maxillary central and lateral incisors apexes; maxillary tuberosity; mandible head; mandible body endosteum; mandible body trabeculae and vertebrae C1 and C2. HU were measured in each area using a 1.5 cm region of interest (ROI) positioned in the center of the slice.Results: It was verified that there is a correlation between the BMD of the C1 and C2 vertebrae and the anterior region of the maxilla. It was not found correlation between the vertebrae, C1 and C2,and the other structures analyzed.Conclusions: This study showed that this method can be a good screening tool to diagnosis ofosteoporosis, when evaluated the correlation between C1 and C2 vertebrae and anterior region of maxilla. More studies are necessary to evaluate the possibility of using CT as an osteoporosisscreening tool.
Geoscience and Remote Sensing on Horticulture as Support for Management and Planning
Authors: Marinelli M. Victoria , Scavuzzo C. Matias , Giobellina Beatriz L. , Scavuzzo Carlos Marcelo
Published: November 2019

The importance of horticulture around the large cities, called green belt (GB), or proximity food production area is related to its contribution to the provision of food as well as its role on social, cultural and ecological aspects. Geoscience and Remote sensing (GRS) are tools that should aid in gathering and updating the information to develop science-based management plans of this areas. Recently, the improvement in terms of spatial, temporal and radiometric resolutions has changed the performance and the approach to the horticulture remote sensing. In this work, we make a brief review on the literature exploring the use of GRS techniques in horticulture, and future trends in order to exploit the available techniques for efficient crop management in the way to improve territorial planning and management. Specifically we found a lack of academic production in this area. In addition we examine the importance of this landscape areas from different points of view (food security, health, ecology, etc.). A systematic revision of published studies on remote sensing on horticulture including different platforms, sensors and methodologies are briefly presented. Finally some aspect related with future trends are discussed.
O DISCURSO FUNDAMENTALISTA RELIGIOSO JUDAICO CRISTÃO ENQUANTO COMPONENTE DOS ESPAÇOS ESCOLARES PÚBLICOS VIVENCIADOS POR TRAVESTIS
Authors: Morais André de , Gelinski Adriana
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho concentra-se no seguinte objetivo: compreender como ofundamentalismo religioso judaico-cristão utilizado enquanto instrumento dediscurso, pode reforçar a opressão sofrida pelo grupo de Travestis nos espaços dasescolas públicas. Como recorte espaço-escalar, utilizou-se de dois exemplos decidades, média e grande, respectivamente, Ponta Grossa – PR e Maringá – PR.Busca-se evidenciar a influência do discurso religioso fundamentalista,experienciado pelo grupo de travestis residentes dos municípios em questão, que jáultrapassaram idade escolar e, por suposto, vivenciaram em algum momento desuas trajetórias de vida, a espacialidade da escola. Foram realizadas 10 entrevistasseguindo roteiro semiestruturado, sendo posteriormente transcritas, sistematizadas eanalisadas. Dentre as evocações classificadas a partir de espacialidades ecategorias discursivas, localizou-se a espacialidade escolar que, majoritariamente,se concentrou através da escola pública, instituição educacional que, em tese, tempor diretrizes, corresponder à laicidade estatal brasileira. Tal espacialidade aparececomo uma das que representam mais desconforto por parte das travestis, estandopermeada pelo discurso religioso que reitera o mecanismo de gênero alimentado pordiscursos binários, heterossexuais, ou seja, pelo processo sexualizador do pecado.
Professional qualifications for the insurance industry: Dilemmas for articulation and progression
Authors: Needham Seamus , Papier Joy
Published: November 2019

In South Africa, the lack of articulation between vocational college programmes and those ofuniversities has long been a source of frustration for college learners seeking vertical progressionpathways. The introduction of a National Qualifications Framework in 1995 appeared to offer hopeof bridging the divide between occupational, practically focused qualifications and traditionalacademic qualifications, but, some 20 years later, the stumbling blocks are still evident in spite ofconcerted national policy efforts. This article reflects on a project conducted over a five-yearperiod that intended to ‘create a progression pathway for TVET candidates into university’ in theinsurance industry and the lessons learned in that process. What at first glance might haveappeared to be simply a hostile environment for articulation and institutional intransigence, onfurther reflection revealed deep-seated curriculum issues associated with qualifications that wereunderstood to differ fundamentally in function and therefore in form. The article draws, inter alia,on Bernstein’s (1999) theorisation of practical and disciplinary learning to show how a curriculumhas an impact on pedagogies, assessment and quality assurance structures. After examining whycollege candidates who had succeeded in the first-level occupational qualification with its largeworkplace component struggled to complete subsequent university levels, the article concludesthat divergent curricula and pedagogies will need serious attention if aspirations for more seamlessarticulation and easier progression are to become reality.
Transforming vocational education: One lecturer at a time
Authors: Rudman Neville , Meiring Leslie
Published: November 2019

The South African technical and vocational education and training (TVET) college sector faces amyriad development needs, including the academic, professional and motivational preparednessof college lecturers.1 While attention is being paid to dealing with challenges at colleges at themacro-level or systemic level, there appears to be less focus on the micro- level, that is, on lecturersor teachers and their day-to-day classroom challenges. This article reflects on a case study involvingTVET college lecturers who participated in a professional development programme that attemptedto incorporate principles of a humanising pedagogy in its design and delivery. Feedback wasobtained about the influence of the course on classroom practice shortly after the programme,and, again, two years later, it was elicited through a small-scale study of participant self-reflections.Qualitative data revealed that the participants had perceived a positive and potentiallytransformative influence on their practice, which they related to their exposure to the principles ofhumanising pedagogy. By revisiting and sharing what was learned in a study that preceded a newlecturer development policy and bringing into focus the principles of humanising pedagogy, wehope to inspire those in our university faculties who are currently designing qualifications forcollege lecturers. Our contention is that infusing these principles into new curricula could possiblycontribute to transforming this sector – one lecturer at a time.
'The drought is my teacher’: Adult learning and education in times of climate crisis
Authors: Walters Shirley
Published: November 2019

In Cape Town we have been experiencing the most severe drought in our history. We are not alone.Other cities – for example, in the United States, Brazil, Spain, Belgium, Australia, Morocco andPakistan – are also learning to live under new, more extreme, drought conditions. In this article Iuse the local drought as an aperture through which to identify key insights into how adult learningand education (ALE) can and should respond in times of climate crisis. The article is exploratory, asthe ambitious topic opens up a raft of complex economic, socio-ecological and political issueswhich can only be touched upon. It aims to prompt deeper conversations about ALE and climatecrises and to identify key questions for future ALE research.
L’âge des possibles. Adolescents entre rêve et expérience (A. Fabbrini et A. Melucci, 2017)
Authors: Mongeon Julien Gauthier
Published: November 2019

Recensé : Anna Fabbrini et Alberto Melucci, L’âge des possibles. Adolescents entre rêve et expérience, Genève, IES, 2017, 208 p.
The Mesmerizing Journey from Gyeongju to Lisbon: The BRI as a Mechanism of De-bordering, Re-bordering, and Co-bordering
Authors: Leandro Francisco José
Published: November 2019

This paper argues that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a de-bordering mechanism makes a positive contribution to border security. Three central concepts—de-bordering, re-bordering and co-bordering—are used to examine the future of borders, and further develop the notion of the “cycle” of borders. This research adopts a political science perspective and combines the theory of borders with the Copenhagen School and Paris School of security, bearing in mind the BRI as an access strategy. Furthermore, the BRI elements of connectivity are central to de-bordering. Finally, this paper maintains that the BRI makes different contributions to border security, that borders are “alive”, and that they are the result of cooperative or antagonistic human interactions in which asymmetry in perception is the leading cause of conflict.
The geolinguistics of the Ibero-Romance comitative
Authors: Lara Victor
Published: November 2019

The comitative represents a particular case in the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula. Except for Catalan, the rest of varieties possess a redundant form inherited from the evolution of the Latin postposition plus the preposition con (‘with’). However, some authors point out a tendency that favours subject forms or even stressed object forms in persons in which the norm prohibits them. With the aim of finding the vernacular responses to this respect, this paper attempts to account for all the possibilities in the comitative in the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula as well as the factors upon which the selection of either strategy depends.
Crystal structure of dipentyl 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate, C18H28O6
Authors: Li Zhuang-Yu , Liu Xiao-Jing , Guo Zi-Yu , Li Wen-Yu , Liu E. , Jian Fang-Fang
Published: November 2019

C18H28O6, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 15.061(3) Å, b = 13.791(3) Å, c = 10.106(2) Å, β = 118.60(3)°, V = 1843.0(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0462, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1315, T = 294.3 K.