bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen: Technologies, Policies and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ji Lu Cheng , Jin Bo
Published: December 2012

Hydrogen energy has been considered as a clean alternative energy source substituting fossil fuels. Many countries consider it as the ultimate solution to the energy and environmental problems, even draw up the blueprint of “hydrogen economy” and heavily invest for research and development. However, after decades of research, the hydrogen energy technologies are still being prospective and explored, and haven’t been put into large scale production by now. This article begins with expatiation on the essence of hydrogen energy, makes analysis of various big challenges for hydrogen energy technologies, and reaches the conclusion that we should hold the rational and cautious attitude towards hydrogen energy source because the transition to hydrogen economy of unclear prospect must pay a very high cost, which is unbearable for the social and economic development status of developing countries.
Green Construction Partner Selection
Authors: Tang Han Bing
Published: December 2012

Based on the analysis of the current green real estate trends, this article combines the necessary link of the green building and the green construction to improve the relationship of the green construction partners. While, according the feature of the green construction and the necessary of cooperation, we find out the green construction strategic cooperation influence factors and establish the green construction cooperative partner evaluation system. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is applied to the construction unit to select the adopt one.
Research on Evaluation System of New Energy Vehicles Based on AHP
Authors: Li Su Hua
Published: December 2012

In this paper, AHP has been used to establish new energy vehicle evaluation system for the natural gas vehicles, pure electric vehicles altogether nine kinds of new energy vehicles. Evaluation index system has been put forward, which includes environmental protection, economy, technology, safety, implementation, supportive energy and social benefit. Yaahp0.5.2 software has been used to conduct the matrix calculation and consistency test, with regard to the data, the pros and cons of each index and comprehensive benefit have been sorted order. Some beneficial suggestions have been given so as to adapt to the new energy vehicles development in our country.
Research on the Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Oil-Paper Insulation of Transformer by Analyzing the Dielectric Spectra
Authors: Liu Yong Qing , Cai Jin Ding , Guo Yan Xue
Published: December 2012

To assess the oil-paper insulation of transformer, it is necessary to establish the equivalent circuit for it regardless of using the time domain methods or frequency domain methods. Based on the principle of dielectric polarization, the extended Debye model is always adopted for the equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation in transformer in most cases; however, it is usually difficult to determine the number of relaxation mechanisms in the model. This paper presents a method to determine it by the time domain dielectric spectra, namely, conduct differential operation for the depolarizing current of transformer’s oil-paper insulation to obtain the time domain dielectric spectra, and the number of spectrum peaks is equal to that of relaxation mechanisms. Thereby, the extended Debye model of the equivalent circuit of the oil-paper insulation of transformer can be built. This paper describes the analytical procedures of the time domain dielectric spectra method in detail and presents examples to validate its feasibility and rationality in determining the equivalent circuit model of transformer’s oil-paper insulation.
A Complete Optimal Control Solution for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
Authors: Gaiceanu Marian , Rosu Emil
Published: December 2012

In this paper a voltage control strategy based on the optimal control theory, for isotropic rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, is proposed. The complete optimal control of the three phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) consists of three components: the state feedback, the feed forward compensation of the load torque and the reference to achieve the desired state. The control assures a smooth dynamic response, in order to achieve the desired state in steady state, the fast compensation of the load torque, and the energy minimization. The obtained solution by integrating the matrix Riccati differential equation (MRDE) is orientated towards the numerical implementation (by using a zero order hold) and it is computed on-line. The optimal control strategy is applied to PMSM drives and verified by simulations.
Research on the Control Strategy of DFIG Grid Side Converter under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions
Authors: Song Fei , Zhu Dan , Tang Kan , Liu Xue Jing
Published: December 2012

This paper studies on the electromagnetic transient model of doubly-fed wind turbine grid-side converter under the imbalanced grid condition. And on this basis, the paper analysis the impact of doubly-fed converter when grid voltage asymmetric drop. It puts forward a dual PLL and dual current control combination of doubly-fed converter grid side control strategy. This strategy achieves grid voltage positive and negative sequence fast separation when asymmetric grid voltage drop occur, achieves the active output power secondary fluctuate suppression under the imbalanced grid voltage condition, avoids DC voltage rise at the fault moment and also achieves converter reactive power support under the imbalanced grid fault. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is correct and with the application value of engineering
Effect of Top Coat Thickness on Thermal Stability in Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Jang Tae Sik , Myoung Sang Won , Kim Hyun Sung , Lu Zhe , Cho Geun Ho , Lee Je Hyun , Jung Yeon Gil
Published: December 2012

The microstructural evolution related to the thickness of thermal barrier coating (TBC) and their thermal stabilities have been investigated with a specific attention to defect species as well as to its morphology with the thermal exposure time. The TBCs with different thicknesses of 600 and 2,000 µm were prepared by air plasma spray (APS) process and the thermal exposure tests were performed at 950C in a furnace with a dwell time of 100 hrs till 500 hrs. The thickness of thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer in the TBC with 2,000 µm is thinner than that with 600 µm. Also, the TBC with 2,000 µm is more efficient in improving the oxidation resistance of bond coat than that with 600 µm. Vickers indentation methods are used to evaluate the interfacial stabilities. Indentation impression and crack formation of the TBC of 600 µm is easily occurred in comparison with that of 2,000 µm, showing relatively longer cracks, independent of thermal exposure. However, the crack formation and propagation through the interface does not observed in the TBC with 2,000 µm, showing crack propagation through the top coat near the interface. These results imply that the interfacial stability of TBC can be also improved with increasing the coating thickness.
Investigation the Performance of Axial Channel Rotor in Inset Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
Authors: Ling Jeeng Min , Nur Tajuddin
Published: December 2012

An electrical machine is constructed with some holes or axial hollows in the rotor core for special purpose. The effects of axial hole in the proposed Inset Permanent Magnet Machine (Inset PMSM) with eight radial poles are analyzed by the magnetic flux density in air gap. The characteristics associated with magnetic flux density of every magnet poles in the air gap, magnetic flux losses in the rotor teeth, density magnetic flux in the rotor core surface and torque of the machine are also investigated and compared. Results show small direct reactance and less area in the proposed axial channel rotor core compared with the convention Inset PMSM. It imply to a lighter weight and high efficiency machine design. The finite element simulation shows the magnetic flux density per pole in air gap of the proposed rotor structure remain constant or may be a little bit drop compared with the conventional machine.
Fuzzy Controlled Energy Saving Solution for Large-Scale Belt Conveying Systems
Authors: Pang Yusong , Lodewijks Gabriel , Schott Dingena L.
Published: December 2012

Belt conveyors generally run at designed nominal speed. When material loading rate is smaller than the nominal conveying capacity the belt is under the situation of being partially filled. It provides the potential of reducing energy consumption by means of adjusting the speed of the belt. For practical reasons discrete control is preferred to adjust the belt speed. This paper presents a fuzzy control method to improve the energy efficiency of large-scale belt conveying systems. Fuzzy logic is applied to represent the change of material loading rate. A fuzzy control algorithm is developed to optimize the adjustment of belt speed to avoid potential material spillage and material overload caused by the short-term material loading peaks. Energy savingsareestimated by computer simulation. Simulation model and outputare verified by practical measurement.
Study on the Kitchen Residues and Cattle Manure Anaerobic Co-Digestion in Bench-Scale Laboratory Test
Authors: Ke Xin , Zhao Xin , Sun Ying , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2012

With kitchen residues and cattle manure as raw materials, in temperature (36±1°C) adopt the way of the batch type fermented for kitchen residues and cattle manure, we will have a comparative research between independent anaerobic fermentation and mixed anaerobic fermentation. The results of the experiments show that the gas production and COD removal rate by the anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure independent would be superior to kitchen residues, the optimal effect is the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen residues mixed with cattle manure in all aspects .In this experiment all the kitchen residues are rice, vegetables, meat, eggs and other food all that have been after cooked, containing a large number of fat and salt, such condition is not suitable for the growth of microorganism. The time of gas production is only nine days and gas production rate is extremely low, only 1500ml accumulative gas production, But cattle manure’s accumulative gas production is 3028ml, COD removal rate was 21%, COD removal rate by mixed anaerobic fermentation of kitchen residues and cattle manure can achieve 60.92%.
Utilization of Steelmaking and Hot-Rolling Mill Waste
Authors: Chen Lian
Published: December 2012

Based on the composition and characteristics of steelmaking dry-dedusting dust and oxide scale in hot-rolling mill, cold briquetting ores were processed by dust and oxide scale, and applied to converter vanadium recover. The research results show that, hot metal carbon oxidation rate and vanadium oxidation rate increased with the increased use of cold briquetting ores, and the TFe content of vanadium slag reduced, the consumption of iron and steel materials decreased. Not only can effectively use the steelmaking mill and hot-rolling mill waste, but also can improve the product quality of the converter vanadium recover.
Estimation of Biogas Production from Shrimp Pond Sediment Using the Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Srisertpol J. , Srinakorn P. , Kheawnak A. , Chamniprasart K.
Published: December 2012

A biogas production development increases renewable energy and reduces the environmental impact which is caused by carbon dioxide. Thisis important for energy and environmental planning in Thailand. The biogas production by anaerobic digestionproduces methane that can be used as renewable energy. This research was to study biogas production from the anaerobic digestion of shrimp pond sediment by the batch reaction, an estimation of the mathematical model using theArtificial Intelligence (AI) technique and the treatment of shrimp pond sediment.The mass balance principle to create mathematical modeling and decompositions of organic matter into biogas were used to compare the experimental dataincluding, temperature, pH, biogas flow rate and biochemical properties of the shrimp pond sediment. From the results, mathematical models can estimate the dynamic response of the biogas flow rate and factors that affectedthe biogas productions. The treatment of shrimp pond sediment by anaerobic digestion process could reduce TS, TDS, TSS, TVS, BOD, COD and ECby81-89%, 52-60%, 95-99%, 80-89%, 86-95% , 85-95% and 12-22 % respectively.
Azo Dyes Biodegradation Based on Silicone Membrane-Aerated Bioreactor
Authors: Wang Jing , Lu Hong , Liu Guang Fei
Published: December 2012

Some azo dyes such as Acid Orange 7(AO7) could be reduced to produce aromatic amines with a hydroxy group in ortho-position to an amino group, which undergo easily the autoxidation, led to the generation of more recalcitrant compounds. Therefore AO7 biodegradation was explored in a membrane-aerated bioreactor (MABR) for the first time. The results indicated that, oxygen supply pressure showed obvious impact on the MABR performance with appropriate oxygen pressure of 0.03 MPa; under optimal conditions, AO7decolorization efficiency reached over 98 % in 6 h and the effluent COD kept stable with COD specific removal rate of 0.26 g/m2.h; whereas conventional anaerobic-aerobic process achieved only 57.8 % COD removal with yellow effluent; the used silicone membrane resist biofouling and kept high oxygen permeability after long term running, oxygen transfer coefficient KL decreased slightly from 0.031 to 0.029 m/h.
Biomass Exploitation in Efficient ORC Systems
Authors: Morrone Pietropaolo , Algieri Angelo
Published: December 2012

The research intends to investigate the energetic performances of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) for the exploitation of the biomass resulting from agricultural residues. To this purpose, a parametric analysis has been carried out. Saturated and superheated conditions at the turbine inlet have been imposed and the effect of the internal regeneration on plant performances has been studied. The results highlight that ORC plants represent an interesting and sustainable solution for small-scale and decentralised power production. Moreover, the analysis shows the significant impact of the temperature and internal regeneration technique on the performances of the biomass power plants.
Variability of Soil Erosion under Different Topographical and Vegetation Conditions in Upper Min River Watershed
Authors: Liu Zhi Yong , Zhang Xin , Zhou Ping , Wei Dan
Published: December 2012

Soil erosion by water is affected by soil factor, rainfall erosivity, geographical factors, vegetation cover factor, and support practice factors. On the basis of quantitative estimation of soil erosion in the Upper Min River (UMR) watershed (located in the Upper Yangtze River basin, Sichuan, China) by applying the Revised Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, Geographical Information System (GIS) software, and Remote Sensing (RS) technology, we explored the effects of topography and vegetation on soil loss for better erosion control measures, and analyzed ecological restoration approaches for the high soil erosion areas of this mountainous watershed. Totally 625 field plots were sampled for visually verifying soil erosion classification. Zonal statistics in ArcGIS software were used to assess the values of soil loss under different topographic and vegetation gradients. The results showed 58.1% of this watershed suffering moderate, high or extremely high erosion. The average soil erosion values substantially increased as the slope ranges rising. On the slopes of 7 categories (50 degrees), the percent of moderate, high and extreme risks accounted for 12.07%, 21.03%, 36.43%, 62.83%, 82.51%, 91.04%, and 94.02% respectively. The values of soil loss on sunny slopes were higher than those on shady slopes. The mean value was the greatest on the west-facing slope. On each similar slope, vegetation types showed different patterns to soil loss, and higher vegetation cover prevented more soil loss from erosion. In order to alleviate soil loss hazards, conservation measures to change micro-topography including terraces and contour tillage could be implemented in the watershed, and ecological restoration could be effective measure for controlling soil erosion in this degraded mountainous watershed.
Synthesis and Properties of the Composite DSD Acid-Triazine Structure Containing Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Fluorescent Brighteners
Authors: Wang Ming Yang , Wan Mao Sheng , Cao Cheng Bo
Published: December 2012

The cetyl \ octadecyl dimethyl tertiary amine（percentage composition 7:3）is a very common and inexpensive chemical raw material in the chemical market. In this paper, a series of the new chemical composite DSD acid-triazine structure containing long chain quaternary ammonium salt fluorescent brighteners (FBs) were synthesized through a three-step condensation reaction of cyanuric chloride, DSD acid, cetyl \ octadecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and amino compound. The obtained compounds were characterized by the analysis of the IR spectrum, UV spectrum and fluorescence excitation and emission spectrum, and whiteness were tested through dyeing filter paper. The results show that compounds 7a-j have the obvious UV absorption, ﬂuorescence emission and dyeing properties, with a wider absorption, emission wavelength range and enhancing fluorescence quantum yield, achieving the synergetic enhancement effect by compounding.
Retention and Removal Efficiency of Riparian Wetlands on Non-Point Source Pollutants
Authors: Xu Jin , Xu Li Gang , Dong Lei
Published: December 2012

Riparian wetlands is a very important buffer and transition zone between terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems in the lake basin system. Its edge effects played a crucial ecological role in energy flow and material cycling. Riparian wetlands have been widely used as the treatment of wastewaters, pollution control and environmental enhancement have been gainning increasing interest and application. In this paper, a typical riparian wetland was selected as case study for retention and removal efficiency on non-point source pollutants. The experimental results showed that there was certain removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus. But slight effectiveness improvements took place after wetlands have been operated for a few years. So their restoration should be implemented also with the objectives of increasing the purification efficiency of pollutants. Results in this study were helpful in providing the basis for theoretical basis of designing cost-effective lakeside buffer zone and in revealing the removal mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus in reparian wetlands.
Security Authentication for Smart Substation Communication Based on IEC 62351
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Yu Fei , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2012

An important feature of smart substation system is the communication of the various smart devices IED (Intelligent Electronic Digital), the network security issues become increasingly prominent with networked and standardized of the communication protocols, especially when IEC 61850 becoming development direction. In this paper, considered data and security communications standard of the power system IEC 62351’s safety authentication requirements, as well as limited storage and computing power of IED, a protocol used between IED safety authentication-Secure Remote Password SRP protocol is proposed . The research result help improve data security transmission and authentication of smart substation. It is provide with reference value to the implementation of IEC 62351 in smart substation.
Study on Speciation Analysis and Bioavailability of Cr in Soil by Fixatives
Authors: Ke Xin , Sun Ying , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2012

By the leaching experiment of soil column, e researched speciation analysis and bioavailability of Cr in soil before and after fixing. The contents of Cr in fixed soil including exchangeable chromium, carbonate bound chromium, iron manganese oxide bound chromium, organic matter bound chromium, all lower than the soil before fixing, but residues chromium is higher than the soil before fixing. There is obvious difference bioavailability in soil before and after fixing. Soil heavy metal pollution which brings a threat to agricultural product quality could cause surface water and groundwater contamination, and cause the food chain poisoning[1-2]. Compared with the organic pollutants, heavy metal pollutants does not produce decoration in environmental media, through the soil-plant system enter the food chain therefore affecting the safety of agricultural produces and harm to human health. Therefore, it is essential to begin management of the heavy metal contaminated soil. Currently，heavy metal pollution mainly come from the following fields: chromium compounds used as electroplating, leather tanning, pigments, paints, alloys, dyeing and printing, offset printing. Cr contaminated soil repair method include: biology, agricultural engineering, physico-chemical treatment. By max fixatives into the soil adjusted or changed physical and chemical properties of Cr and produce precipitation adsorption ion-exchange humification and oxidation-reduction series reaction ,situ stabilization is one of treatment methods for physical-chemical, consequently reducing mobility and bioavailability in the soil environment , thereby decreasing the toxicity hazards of Cr elements on plants and animals[5]. Since the 1950s, zeolites have a wide range of applications in various fields. Zeolite is a frame-like structure, moisture content of aluminum silicate minerals, with a porous structure, adsorption and ion exchange[6]. In this paper, not only curing effect of fixatives on the metal has been emphasized, but also fixative for friend of environment has been taken into consideration. Natural Zeolite magnesium oxide and FeSO4 have been chosen as fixative and leaching solvent select demonized water. Provide some theoretical basis and technical support for farmland Cr contaminated soil immobilized system.
Color Application Techniques on Map Designing in Prepress
Authors: Liu Shi De , Chen Shuang Jun , Sun Bing , Liu Heng
Published: December 2012

This paper is focused on the color application on map designing in prepress, detailed study is carried out on the color application basic principles for map designing, different data source color conversion and settings, color conversion in designing software, color management and digital proofing, color conversion in prepress workflow, etc. Application and discussions in more detail are put forward on color application in map designing and processing settings in prepress workflow. Gray-value consistency principle is put forward and used in color map designing, and the color application techniques in prepress workflow are summarized. Color map designing efficiency may be raised by appropriate color settings and color conversion control in prepress workflow, and the prepress traps can be avoided caused by irrational color application and conversion in color map designing.
Study on the Color Representing Accuracy of Spectrum with Different Wavelength Range and Interval
Authors: Niu Jin , Zhang Xian Dou , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2012

The spectral representing accuracy with different wavelength range and sampling interval were analyzed in this study. The spectral reflectance of different color sets were measured. The CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color differences under CIE standard illuminants and actual lighting sources were calculated to evaluate the representing accuracy among the spectral reflectance with various wavelength ranges and sampling intervals. Results of the experiment indicate that the representing accuracy of the spectral reflectance with different wavelength range and sampling interval were affected by the media type. As a whole, the colorimetric representing accuracy of the spectral reflectance with the range of 400 to 700nm and 10nm~30nm sampling intervals are acceptable comparing to the 380 to 780nm range and lower sampling intervals.
Research of Digital Watermarking Algorithm in Wavelet Domain Based on Arnold Transformation and SVD
Authors: Sheng Tan , Zhao Xiu Ping
Published: December 2012

In this paper, Arnold transform and Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) are combined to be introduced into the research of wavelet domain digital watermarking algorithm.During experiment,we embed the watermark through modifying the singular value of low-frequency domain of host image with the scrambled watermark information.The simulation experiments show that the algorithm realizes the embedding and extraction of watermark smoothly.There is no visual difference between watermarked image and original host image can be found by naked eye,that means the invisibility of the algorithm is well;the watermark still can be extracted after several kinds of algorithm and geometric attacks,that means the robustness of the algorithm is acceptable.The research has a certain value in the digital copyright protection and security printing.
Line Output Quality Assessment of Digital Printers
Authors: Song Yue Hong , Wang Peng Fei , Xu Yan Fang
Published: December 2012

This paper mainly focuses on the quality assessment of line output of digital printers. Line patterns with various color, width and of two direction(Horizontal and Vertical) have been carefully designed to constitute a test chart. And then printed with a typical color inkjet printer (Epson 1390)and color laser printer(HP4700) separately. The substrates including common print paper and glossy photo paper. Based on the ISO13660 standard, a measurement software was programmed in Matlab, and was used to test the line characteristics. Through analyzing the test results, some conclusion can be drawn: The outputted lines are generally wider than the designed line width. Raggedness of horizontal lines and vertical lines show significant differences, this has a great deal to do with the imaging mechanism of the printer. The ink and surface of the substrate have great influences on blurriness of the line edge, for example, the coating of a glossy paper usually help the pigments spreading on the substrates, but this will aggravate the blurriness of the line edge.
Effect of Input Precision on Line Micro Quality Measurement
Authors: Cui Xiao Meng , Chen Guang Xue , Wang Huan Mei
Published: December 2012

Line quality micro-measurement is of important content of objective measurement, contributing to reproduction quality assessment of digital printed character and line metrics. Transforming physical presswork to digital image is not only the first but also a key procedure in micro quality measurement. In this study, effect of input resolution was verified in order to determine the precision requirement in micro quality survey. A series of experiments were carried out to measure same inkjet samples, which were scanned with a normal flatbed in three resolution sets. The effect on assessment accuracy of resolution condition was analyzed by pair-wise comparison method. Results show that normal flatbed is precise enough for micro line quality measurement. But 600DPI identified in ISO13660 standard is too low to serve in this survey. 1200DPI can work well enough and extra-high resolution version will not respond to improve the measurement precision obviously in inkjet line attribute evaluation.
A Consumers’ Preference Study on E-Book Reading
Authors: Hao Tsung Yu , Han Feng Nian , Ho Chiu Pai
Published: December 2012

E-books reading has been became a new reading trend that makes book publishers need to focus on this critical issue seriously. In spite of the book content providers, the three major Taiwan’s telecom companies also provide the e-reading environment to their customers. The on-line survey was conducted for the study to ask user’s perspectives on the e-reading experience. Research findings showed that the readers concerned about the immediate, efficient, diverse, convenient, and easy to access reading environment. Improve the digital publishing workflow is the best way to meet readers’ needs. Once readers’ needs have been fulfilled, e-reading world will be flourished.
Experimental Study of Digital Printing Methods for Producing Personalized Packaging
Authors: Zhou Ying Mei , Rong Xiao Ying , Jiang Zhong Min
Published: December 2012

With the development of technologies in digital printing, variable data printing and on-demand printing for producing printing products with personalized information become more and more popular. The technologies make it possible to produce packaging for consumer products that contains personalized information that meets the special needs of individuals. There are two common approaches to produce personalized packaging. One approach is a hybrid process, which adds personalized information by inkjet printing or toner press onto the packaging that is printed primarily by traditional printing methods. This requires the digitally printed colors to match the colors printed by traditional printing methods. Another approach is to print the packaging completely by digital printing. Most commonly, toner-based laser printing is the first option for lower weighted paperboards. This approach is often limited by the print quality of laser printing. This study focused on experimental study on the quality of digital printing for producing personalized packaging. The parameters investigated are color gamut, resolution of lines and fonts. The print quality of digitally printed packaging was compared to traditional packaging producing methods, such as lithography printing, flexography printing, and gravure printing.
A Study of E-Book Readability
Authors: Tai Meng Tsung , Lin Chia Kai , Ke Zou Ren , Chen Pi Yu
Published: December 2012

Due to the popularity of the Internet and portable readers, the digital publishing market was highly developing. A study from Displayban showed that digital publishing had a market value of 13 billion U.S. dollars and had increased 68 percent of production value compared to that in 2010 globally. Meanwhile, the production value of e-book readers had a market share of 80 percent to the whole digital publishing market. However, reading and manipulating a traditional printed book and an e-book were tremendously different. The design and layout of an e-book definitely affected the readability. Therefore, how to increase e-book readability was a topical concern in digital publishing industry. A content analysis and an in-depth interview methods were adopted in the study. The content analysis aimed to analyze the best-selling car e-magazine, Car News, regarding to its readability. The in-depth interview was to consult the chief editor of the publishing house to understand readability strategies and rules applied in its e-book products. Finally, after the reliability test of encoders passed, and the results from e-book content analysis and in-depth interview were comprehensively compared in every aspects of readability. The conclusions were that the traditional rigorous book layout design principles, such as indent, column, paragraph style, typography, etc. should be applied onto e-books to provide a better readability. Meanwhile, too many interactive or multimedia objects can reduce readability. Although, editors and experts from digital publishing industry were all agree with this, but most of current e-books indeed had too many interactive or multimedia objects. Nevertheless, multimedia and interaction objects were the most important features of e-books in spite of less readability. In short, based on the study and trade off the readability of e-books, publishing companies should not import multimedia and interactive objects deliberately. On the contrary, based on the book content, multimedia or interactive objects could be applied with a proper consideration to achieve their characteristics and strengths. By doing this, subjects of e-book could be emphasized and readability can be remained as well.
The Research on EHD Micro-Jet Printing Technology under Pulse Voltage
Authors: Tan Jiao Jiao , Tang Zheng Ning , Wang Qi
Published: December 2012

Printed electronics technology is based on the principle of conventional printing technology. Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) micro-jet printing technology is a new method of manufacturing micro/nano structures and devices. Through conducting experiments, compare the theoretic results with the experimental ones，and then analyze correlation of pulse frequency and droplet ejecting frequency. Therefore, establish a theoretical foundation of extending the actual promotion of EHD micro-jet printing production.
Research on the Influencing Factors to Printing Quality of Edible Ink-Jet Printing Ink
Authors: Sun Jing Mei , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing
Published: December 2012

In the process of the ink drops forming and spreading out, the viscosity and surface tension of the ink play an important role, and then the drops’ injection and printing quality will be influenced by this process. Besides, drops control technology is the key of ink-jet printing technology, and the drops’ injection state will also influence the printing quality. In order to research the influencing factors to printing quality, many samples with different performances are prepared and their drop states include speed, tail length and volume are measured with drop observatory. And then, the specimen pages include lines of different width are printed, order to assessment the printing quality comprehensively, their line width, raggedness, blurriness, density and contrast are measured. The result show that the inks with different performance show different speed, tail length and volume, and their corresponding printing qualities are different too, and there exists linear relationship between printing quality and the drops’ viscosity, surface tension and speed.
A New Vector Dot Generating Algorithm for Digital AM Screening
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhao Xiu Pin
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a new vector dot generating algorithm is proposed for digital AM screening technology. The dot location, dot shape, dot size and screening angle are controlled by mathematical functions. The dot shape may be random geometry curve in varied tone. One dot is generated by one pixel, and the highest screening ruling is even equal to the image’s resolution. According to pixels’ gray value, the dot size can be computed. The vector graphics is obtained by the new algorithm, it’s able to be converted into tiff image with different resolutions in term of different binary recording equipments, and even be applied to vector recording equipments directly in the future. Finally, we use the software Matlab R2009a to verify the algorithm.
A Study of Special Printing Used in the Theories of Graphic Design
Authors: Liau Pei Ling , Luo Jie Lian , Zu Guan Ning
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this study is to probe into the difference of the printing effect and paper wood that are put to use in the same theories of graphic design. On one side, by showing the property of the presswork, printing will increase in value in the whole new way. On the other side, to come at the characteristics of the printing and the effect of post-press makes the theories of graphic design being used boundlessly. The results show that the graphic designed effect will increase simply by making use of the effect of special printing and post-press properly. So this study may provide the printing and design industry with the consultation to create value of varied merchandise.
Research on Parameters and Printing Reproduction Characteristics of Concentric Screening
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhou Xiao Fan , Yi Qing
Published: December 2012

Concentric dot is formed by dividing round AM dot into thin concentric rings, which has not only the shape characteristic of AM and FM dots, but also the features and advantages of the two dots. The Concentric Screening is a new halftone screening technology which breaks through the traditional model of reproduction image information by solid dot. To use concentric screening technology in offset printing, the first step is running single color print test to determine concentric screening parameters for the given printing condition. which is unique to concentric screening compare with solid dot printing. Through analyzing and evaluating the printing characteristics of single color print test, the paper provides the method to determine screening parameters such as screening rulings、CTP precision、the width of Ring and Space; Designing and running the four color test based on the first step is aimed to study the reproduction characteristic of concentric dot about gamut、definition、chroma, tone, compared with solid dot. The research shows that the parameters of concentric screening should be determined according to the specific production condition in offset printing. Concentric screening can obtain high saturation and present large color gamut. Also, concentric screening is suitable for high-quality products, which can accept high screen rulings and high-definition. This paper contains experimental study on the correlation between concentric screening parameters and color reproduction. The basis for evaluating concentric screening parameters is offered, and a comprehensive evaluation of its reproduction characteristics is done. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the concentric screening technology in offset printing.
Color Gamut of UV Wide-Format Inkjet Printing on Special Substrates
Authors: Hsieh Yung Cheng , Lee Hsiang Tung , Cheng Ssu Yi
Published: December 2012

UV Inkjet Printing has demonstrated extraordinary potential in printing technology around the globe in recent years. Other than its environment-friendly trait, UV Inkjet Printing can also be applied to various printing materials due to its wide range of application. Comparing to the low-price competition invoked by paper-based printing, it achieves high added-value results from its output. While international market’s perspective on inkjet printing remains positive, most printing press in Taiwan still have doubts for the technology. In recent years, there has been a considerable growth in importing UV Width Inkjet printers in Taiwan domestically. However, working personnel in Taiwan are inexperienced in dealing with new equipment and wider selection of printing materials, therefore the issue of printers adapting to their diverse printing materials. This study will examine the five combinations of UV printer and printing materials that are common in Taiwan (brands of printers, serial number of the sprinkler head, and brands of printing ink) and three specific high-value printing substrates (glass, acrylic and melamine plywood). Through the printing experiment, the color gamut of printing materials will be re-examined. The goal of the study is to establish a standard for UV printing’s application in decoration materials, so as to provide reference for future development.
Study on the Printability of Coated Paper on High-Fidelity Digital Printing
Authors: Chen Qi Feng , Chen Guang Xue , Tang Bao Ling , Tai Jing Lei
Published: December 2012

The impact of coated paper printability for image quality on the high-fidelity digital printing was studied in this paper. Compared with the traditional printing technology, high-fidelity digital printing technology is more likely to expand the color gamut, maintain the original tone linear and produce vivid image. The performance of coated paper to a large extent determines the image quality. In order to get high-quality printed matters, the mechanism of the coated paper printability influencing on the performance on high-fidelity digital printing is need to be researched in-depth. The printability of coated paper was studied from several aspects in this paper, including the structural properties, roughness, optical properties, absorption etc, the relationships between these properties and printing color, dot reproduction performance were also studied. Based on the previous theoretical and practical studies, the printability evaluation system of coated paper on high-fidelity digital printing was established initially. On digital printing, accurate color management technology also affects the printing quality as the performance of coated paper, so the advanced color management technology was also used in the current study. The results showed that the pore structure and the absorbent of coated paper were the most important factors for affecting the printing quality, and the roughness and optical properties of coated paper also had a certain impact.
Synthesis of a Novel Low Dielectric Constant Fluorine Containing Epoxy
Authors: Lv Jian Yong , Meng Yan , He Li Fan , Qiu Teng , Li Xiao Yu , Wang Hai Qiao
Published: December 2012

A novel fluorine containing epoxy 4-fluoro-4′,4″-diepoxypropoxy triphenyl methane (FDE) was designed and synthesized. The synthesized epoxy was cured by methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was chosen for comparison. Both glass transfer temperature (Tg) and 5% weight loss degradation temperature (Td5%) of cured FDE are over 60°C higher than that of DGEBA. Dielectric constants of the cured FDE at 106 Hz and 107 Hz are 3.09 and 2.91, comparing to 3.50 and 3.24 of the cured DGEBA, respectively. Furthermore, water absorption of the cured FDE is lower than that of DGBEA.
A Nano-Silver Inkjet Conductive Ink with Excellent Adhesion
Authors: Ran Jun , Mo Li Xin , Li Wen Bo , Li Wei Wei , Fan Xin Ming , Fu Ji Lan , Li Lu Hai
Published: December 2012

In this paper，the preparation of a solvent based nano-silver inkjet conductive ink with excellent adhesion was investigated and applied. Nano-silver particles, with dodecylamine (DDA) as the protective agent, were prepared and the effect of protective agent on the post heat-treatment of nano- silver ﬁlms was investigated. Results of electrical resistance, micro-structural evolution and thermal analysis showed that the Ag/DDA ﬁlms require a relatively low treatment temperature to convert into conductive materials. Then the conductive ink was prepared with well dispersed Ag/DDA nanoparticles and the ink was printed patterns on PET、PI ﬁlms through EPSON ME 33 inkjet printer , the patterns showed a sheet resistance is 182.3mΩ/□ and the adhesion reached to 5B after heat-treating at 120°C for 60min .
Preparation of Cu NPs Suspension for Conductive Ink
Authors: Li Wen Bo , Mo Li Xin , Li Wei Wei , Fan Xin Ming , Ran Jun , Fu Ji Lan , Xu Yan Fang , Li Lu Hai
Published: December 2012

Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) have attracted tremendous interest in recent years in the field of printable electronics due to their low cost and high conductive properties. In this study, copper nanoparticles were synthesized via a polyol method by reducing cupric nitrate trihydrate with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of PVP as protective agent. Collide of Cu NPs was obtained after three times of sedimentation by acetone. Suspension for conductive ink was then prepared by adding some amount of solutions and additives followed by parameters adjusting. Sheet resistance of the Cu NPs films coated on a glass substrate could be reduced to 750 mΩ/□ after heating at 300°C for 1h in vacuum.
Research on Reconstruction of Spectral Reflectance Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Shi Sheng
Published: December 2012

Traditional color reproduction technology based on the Metamerism principle, the disadvantage is that different observer condition leads to different color appearance.To fulfill the color consistency, the spectrum reflectance of the object color sample need to be reconstructed. The principal component analysis makes use of the linear combination of a few principal components to reconstruct the spectral reflectance of sample. This paper analyzes the 31*31 matrix of Munsell spectral data by the principle component analyze method and achieves the principal component for spectrum reflectance. The numbers of principal components are identified as six by discussing the variance contribution rate. Spectral reconstruction of four Munsell testing samples makes use of first six principal components, which has met the accuracy requirements. Research shows that the reconstruction of spectral accuracy decreased when training samples and testing samples belong to the different database.
Research on Formula of Dye-Based UV-Curable Ink for Inkjet
Authors: Zhi Yun
Published: December 2012

With the development of ink-jet technology and digital proofing, the application of UV-curable ink for inkjet printing has increasingly been concerned. The characteristics of UV-curable ink, such as fast-curing, non-blocking of nozzles, no evaporation of solvent make it possess obvious development predominance in the field of inkjet printing. The purpose of this study is to obtain a formula of dye-based UV-curable ink used indoors through tests, thus it will promote the application of UV-curable ink in the digital inkjet field. Based on the characteristics of indoor inkjet printing, we confirmed the category of raw materials in formula of dye-based UV-curable ink, such as base materials of vehicles, dye and photoinitiator. In the vehicle formula experiments, by using three types of optically active monomer with even experimental design, viscosity and surface tension as the indicators, we obtained the three types of vehicle optimum ratio suitable for the requirements of inkjet printing. In the formula experiments, ultraviolet light transmittance of dyes was tested firstly. With the ultraviolet absorption characteristics of photoinitiator, we confirmed the matching design of dye and photoinitiator. Based on the indicators of curing rate and color density, we obtained the optimum formula of the CMYK four-color UV rays curing ink by orthogonal experimental methods.
Preparation of Porous Cellulose Packaging Films in Alcohol Coagulation
Authors: Gao Shan Shan , Wang Jian Qing , Ma Xiu Feng , Zhao Lin
Published: December 2012

The barrier properties of the cellulose packaging films are current concerns for the fields of fruits and vegetables fresh-keeping packaging. One such porous films commonly used the pore formers as hole-forming materials whereas the compatibility and dispersity were not better with the cellulose solutions. In this study, the porous cellulose packaging films were prepared with natural broad-leaved pulp and LiCl/DMAc with different types of coagulation baths. The effects of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, LiCl/DMAc and deionized water coagulation baths on the physical structures, oxygen and water vapor permeabilities and mechanical properties of the films were measured. Based on the scanning electron microscpy (SEM) observation, the cross section was loose when used the alcohol coagulations, especially the films with ethanol coagulation showed dactylopores. It was also found that the oxygen permeability had obviously improving with the effect of ethanol, which compared with water vapor permeability of the films. The porous cellulose packaging films had better mechanical properties and up to 12.7MPa which would satisfy the usage in packaging.
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of PLLA/Talc/TBC Composites
Authors: Guo Kai , Shen Xiao Qing , Zhan Yuan Yuan , Chen Jin Zhou , Niu Ming Jun , Liu Yu Kun , Li Xin Fa
Published: December 2012

To enhance the crystallizability and flexibility, Poly L-lactide (PLLA)/ Talc/ tributyl citrate(TBC) composites were prepared via melt extrusion and investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG). It was shown that the thermal decomposition temperature of PLLA/Talc (97:3) and of PLLA/Talc/TbC (96:3:1) had increased 7.6 oC and 16.2 oC respetively compared with pure PLLA. The thermal decomposition kinetics of pure PLLA and composites were studied by using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) and the Friedman methods respectively, the results indicated that the apparent activation energies of PLLA/Talc/TBC composites increased sharply in the initial stage of the mass loss.