bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Reading Habits Using Miles and Huberman Interactive Model to Empower Students’ Literacy at IPB Cirebon
Authors: Asipi Lili Sururi , Rosalina Utami , Nopiyadi Dwi
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the reading habits of students of the English Education Study Program of IPB Cirebon and to find out several factors that influence the habits of students of IPB Cirebon. This study uses a qualitative method using an ethnographic approach. The Source of data is taken by purposive sampling or sample purpose. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, active participant observation, and questionnaires. Data accuracy was validated by data triangulation, method triangulation, and member check. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results of this study describe reading habits in six indicators, reading frequency, type of reading, number of readings, visiting the library, the purpose of reading, and awareness of the importance of reading. Indicators of reading frequency, type, and amount of reading still need to be developed because students still depend on assignments or academic activities given by lecturers. Indicators of student reading habits that need further development are related to the discipline of using time and ownership of periodic readings in newspapers, magazines, scientific magazines, or journals. The need for information is obtained from social media but not regularly and periodically. Access to information is done depending on the mood or mood. Therefore, there are three important points: family, education, and internet use. Indicators of student reading habits that need further development are the discipline of using time and ownership of periodic readings in newspapers, magazines, scientific magazines, or journals. The need for information is obtained from social media but not regularly and periodically. Access to information is done depending on the mood or mood. Therefore, there are three important points: family, education, and internet use. Indicators of student reading habits that need further development are the discipline of using time and ownership of periodic readings in newspapers, magazines, scientific magazines, or journals. The need for information is obtained from social media but not regularly and periodically. Access to information is done depending on the mood or mood. Therefore, there are three important points, namely family, education, and internet use
The challenges and serviceability of solar power: suggestion on solving the Nigeria energy crisis
Authors: Tansu Ayşe , Ogungbemi Ayomide Titus , Tansu Hocanın Fatma
Published: December 2022

For long decades, Nigeria has the highest population in Africa and has been struggling by slow economic growth, poor GDP per capita, high unemployment, and a host of other problems.These problems affect the country's energy sector which in turn leads to a negative crisis feedback loop. The Nigeria energy sector has been labeled by both its citizens and foreigners as a total failure in terms of economic perspective. Despite the continuous government investment over the years, there has been a slight growth in the sector with an ever-rising demand due to its population explosion, leading to a total breakdown across Nigeria economic and industrial development. This study aims to examine how the country can maximize its full energy potential by turning towards the vast quantities of solar resources at its disposal. A review of the nation’s solar energy policies was done with the aim to identify the barriers hindering the country’s solar development, the serviceability of solar energy to the country. Researchers attempt to demonstrate Nigeria's energy gains through the incorporation of solar energy into the country's energy resources.
Decontamination applications in primary circuit equipment of nuclear power plants
Authors: Çetin Yasin , Acır Adem
Published: December 2022

Due to the reactions taking place in the reactor, radioactive contamination occurs on and/or near the surfaces of the equipment used in nuclear power plants. Contamination is a radioactive pollution in the solid phase, which may exist in solution or be carried as a gas/vapor. It can be caused by a very small amount of radioactive material, and since every known element has at least one radioactive isotope, there are more than a hundred elements that can cause contamination. Removing of this contamination by physical and chemical methods is defined as decontamination. The main purpose of decontamination is reducing the activity level of contaminated equipment which may occur during operation or after decommissioning of nuclear power plants. By decontamination process, the radioactive contamination formed on the surfaces or in the depths close to the surface of the equipment is removed by chemical and physical methods. Within the scope of this study, decontamination applications in the literature were explained; regulatory perspective and legislative infrastructure issues for Turkey were discussed. Within the scope of this study, the decontamination applications in the literature were explained, the regulations of the Regulatory Bodies in other countries for decontamination were examined, and in this direction, the regulatory perspective for Turkey and the suggestions for the legislative infrastructure were discussed.
Reduced oxygen concentration effects on scramjet engine combustion characteristics
Authors: Özbek Afşin Kılıçarslan , Karyeyen Serhat
Published: December 2022

Air vehicles have began to develop with advancing technology. In order to increase the thrust and reduce pollutant levels at high speeds, researchers focus on different combustion techniques. For this purpose, within the scope of this study, A Scramjet engine combustor has been studied. The effect of reduced oxygen concentration in the air on Scramjet engine combustion was investigated. A hydrogen fueled Scramjet engine is used. In order to seek oxygen concentration effects on combustion characteristics of the Scramjet engine combustor, oxygen concentration in the oxidizer (by mass) was reduced, and the concentration conditions were performed at 23.2%, 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, and 15%. Fort he modelings Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) standard turbulence model is preferred for turbulent modeling. A combination of Eddy Dissipation and Finite Rate combustion model was selected to model combustion. The data obtained through the modelings were compared with the experimental data, and the results are in good agreement with the measurements. The results predicted are evaluated, and it was concluded that the velocity increased as the oxygen concentration was increased. It was also predicted that the temperature difference caused by the oxygen concentration decreased with moving away the flame position from the combustor.
FEATURES OF THE CURRENT ALLOCATION PATTERNS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE RUSSIAN NON-BLACK SOIL ZONE
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kostyaev Aleksandr I. , Nikonova Galina N. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

The macro-region Nonblack Soil Zone plays an important role in the development of the Russian economy, ensuring its food security. With the transition of the country to market relations, the distribution of agricultural production in all its regions has been transformed. These changes for the Nonblack Soil Zone have not been properly studied. This study focuses on the patterns of change in the location of agricultural production in the Nonblack Soil Zone. Research methodology relies on a combination of statistical analysis methods with heuristic methods (taking into account zonal and azonal factors) based on the use of fundamental works on agricultural zoning. The study has established trends towards a decrease in the role of the Nonblack Soil Zone in the all-Russian production of crop products and towards its growth for livestock products. An excessive concentration of production in pig and poultry farming has been revealed. On the basis of zonal factors, the northern, central, and southern groups of regions are identified. Taking into account the azonal factors, the central regions are divided into two subgroups: the main agricultural regions and those with suburban agriculture. The research has established Tendencies in changing the location of agricultural production. The authors have concluded that the main zone of commercial production of grain (except rye) and industrial crops (except fiber flax) is the group of southern regions, and the commercial production of winter rye, oats, fiber flax is the agrarian regions of the central zone. For the southern regions, there is a trend of high growth rates of corn for grain, sugar beet, sunflower. The group of central regions is the main producer of livestock goods. Given the trends, the role of the southern regions in the production of beef cattle and poultry products will increase in the future. In regions with suburban farming, the dairy specialization of cattle breeding is on the rise and the production of eggs and all types of livestock for slaughter is decreasing. Meanwhile, in the group of northern regions, the development of dairy and meat cattle breeding, the production of potatoes and vegetables is likely to improve.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE TOURIST AND RECREATION SPHERE OF THE RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN BORDER REGION AND THE PANDEMIC CONSEQUENCES
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Nizhnikova Anastasia K.
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious challenge for the whole world. All sectors of the economy suffered damage to a certain degree, taking all possible measures to prevent the aggravation of the epidemiological situation. The tourism and recreation sector found itself among the most affected industries. This article is devoted to the urgent problems of transformation in the tourist and recreational sphere of the Russian-Belarusian border areas, in the context of changes in the volume and structure of the flow of tourists, the reasons for their appearance and possible development prospects in the context of the geopolitical and economic crisis. The purpose of the article is to characterize and analyze the state of the tourism and recreation industry in the period from 2019 to 2021. To achieve this goal, the paper presents and analyzes the statistical data of tourist activities in Russia, Belarus and the regions of the Russian-Belarusian border within the specified period. The main criteria for the transformation were selected indicators of the tourist flow in general by country, as well as separately by border regions. The author proposes a typology of border regions in terms of their potential for adaptation to crisis conditions and prospects for increasing this potential through the development of natural and nature-oriented tourism.
SECTORAL COMPOSITION OF THE ECONOMY AS A TYPOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTE
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Volkova Anna G.
Published: December 2022

Structuring information is critical to learning the difference between the countries of the world. The typology is one of the scientific methods of systematizing information. Selecting a typological attribute becomes a major challenge of methodology for creating a typology due to the richness of information. This article provides an example of the typology of the countries based on their types of sectoral composition of the economy. The research attempts at assessing the degree of the information richness of sectoral composition of the economy as typological attribute for economy typology. The article concern definitions «typology», «GDP», «sectoral composition of the economy», «servicization» and «tertiarization». The author offers some methodology to determine the types of sectoral composition of the economy and the thresholds for GDP. The article also analyzes relation between type of sectoral composition of the economy and income of the population expressed in GDP per capita. The economic types proposed the article form homogeneous areas, which include several countries. Types of sectoral structure of the world’s economies are located on the world map with certain patterns.
LEAD-TIN BADGES FROM EXCAVATIONS IN ALTSTADT SUBURB
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vorobyov Konstantin S.
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes lead-tin badges of religious and secular character found in the archaeological excavations in the central part of Kaliningrad in 2020. The author describes morphological features and makes the iconographic attribution of the finds. The research identifies some of the finds, namely pilgrimage badges, as those of North German origin. Three of them belong to the cult of the Blessed Virgin, another three badges are associated with pilgrimage sites linked to Eucharistic wonders. An analysis of the icons with religious content resulted in assumptions about the destinations of pilgrimages from medieval Königsberg. Secular badges presumably marked professional affiliation. The examination of lead badges found on the outskirts of Lastadie in Altstadt gives a first outline of the history of the circulation of personal piety items and the profanum signs worn on clothing among the population of medieval Königsberg.
STORYTELLING AS A METHOD OF DIGITAL CULTURE FORMATION IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING LEGAL DISCIPLINES
Authors:   International Institute of Design and Service, Aladysheva T.F. , Lvov L.V.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the concepts of storytelling, digital storytelling and, digital culture. Storytelling is proposed as a topical and potentially effective method of studying legal disciplines. The essence and possibilities of this method of digital culture formation in the process of studying legal disciplines are determined. The possibilities of storytelling as a practice-oriented method in the aspect of improving the educational system are investigated. The types of storytelling are determined. The effectiveness of the above method in the process of digital culture formation in the study of legal disciplines is evaluated.
OLYMPIAD OF PRE-PROFESSIONAL SKILLS «DIGIT. DESIGN. SERVICE» AS A TOOL FOR EARLY TRAINING OF FUTURE TOURISM SPECIALISTS
Authors:   International Institute of Design and Service, Korchagina G.A.
Published: December 2022

The problem of forming pre-professional skills of 8-11 grade school students within the framework of Olympiad of pre-professional skills «Digit. Design. Service» on the example of “Tourism” program is discussed. Educational cycle of the Olympiad provides exposure to the profession, defining the trajectory of the future career and acquisition of practical professional skills. Olympiad develops such soft skills as project management, systematic thinking, cognitive skills, emotional intellect and others. Brief characteristic of the Olympiad course in the area of Tourism, organization of tour services is presented with its objective, tasks, formed skills and expected results. The topicality of continuing in education in tourism is stressed.
Performance of trans perovskite solar cells improved by finely adjusting the particle size of nickel oxide nanoparticles through pH value
Authors: Yu Yuan , Xing Ruo-Fei , Du Hui-Tian , Zhou Qian , Fan Ji-Hui , Pang Zhi-Yong , Han Sheng-Hao ,   School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China,   School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Published: December 2022

As a low-cost, high stable hole transport material, nickel oxide has been widely used in inverted structure perovskite solar cells in recent years. By far, the most common method of preparing nickel oxide hole transport layers is spin-coating pre-prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiOx NPs), which puts forward high requirement for the particle sizes and solution processing capabilities of NiOx NPs. In this work, the sizes of NiOx NPs are precisely controlled by adjusting the pH value of the system in the synthesis process, and high-quality nickel oxide hole transport layers are then prepared. The experimental results exhibit that the NiOx NPs with sizes of 5–10 nm are obtained at a pH value in a range of 9.5–9.8. More interestingly, the obtained NiOx NPs have good dispersion stability and can achieve long-term dispersion in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the structural composition analysis of NiOx NPs shows that the pH value of the synthesis system does not have a significant effect on the material structure nor composition of the NiOx NP. Surface morphological analysis shows that the NiOx film prepared by the pH-controlled NiOx NPs is rather dense and particularly flat with small surface roughness. It is also found that the film exhibits good hole extraction capability. We also fabricate an inverted perovskite solar cell based on the NiOx film. The device structure is ITO/NiOx/CH3NH3PbI3/PC61BM/Bphen/Ag. It yields a good photovoltaic conversion efficiency (17.39%). In addition, the device is almost hysteresis-free. Our experimental results exhibit that the performance of perovskite solar cells can be effectively improved by precisely controlling the sizes of NiOx NPs through pH values. Our work is expected to facilitate the development of NiOx-based perovskite solar cells.
Perfect absorption of symmetric grating structure based on the continuous metal film
Authors: Wang Zheng-Yu , Huang Fei , Xue Run-Yu , Wang Zheng-Ling ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Published: December 2022

The perfect absorption is achieved by the structure of a continuous metal film with symmetrical grating structure on both sides. The maximum absorption coefficient can reach 99.47% for a optimal structural parameters with a silver film thickness of 20 nm, a lattice constant of 400 nm, and a medium refractive index of 1.46. The full width of half maximum of the absorption line is about 2.53 nm, and the quality factor Q is 296.06. When the absorption is perfect, the reflection and transmission of the incident light are effectively suppressed, and the phase gradient of the absorption coefficient reaches a maximum value. The perfect absorption is determined by the long-range surface plasma polariton (LRSPP) with a little transmission loss, long propagation distance and deep penetration depth. And the electric field is mainly distributed outside the silver film with a standing wave distribution. As the thickness of the silver film decreases, the line width of the absorption spectrum gradually decreases, while the Q value and electric field strength increase. When the thickness drops to about 12 nm, the minimum line width is 0.98 nm and the maximum Q value is 760.0. The sharp absorption curve and very high quality factor at the perfect absorption can be used in the design and application of the highly sensitive micro-nano sensor.
Interaction and motion of two neighboring Leidenfrost droplets on oil surface
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Jin-Liang ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China,   Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Published: December 2022

Evaporation of droplets on a hot oil surface is a natural phenomenon. However, most of existing studies focus on the evaporation of a single droplet, and the evaporation of multiple droplets is insufficiently understood. Here, we explore the Leidenfrost evaporation of two identical FC-72 droplets on the surface of a hot oil bath. The oil temperature ranges from 73.6 to 126.6 ℃, and the evaporation of droplets each with an initial diameter of 1.5 mm is recorded by an infrared thermographer and a high-speed camera. The shallow oil depth keeps the oil temperature uniform relatively in the slot compared with that in the deep liquid pool due to the larger ratio of the surface area for copper-oil contact to the slot volume. We find that the neighboring droplets evaporate in three stages: non-coalescing, bouncing, and separating. The radius of neighboring Leidenfrost droplets follows the power law R(t)~(1−t/τ)n, where τ is the characteristic droplet lifetime and n is an exponent factor. Moreover, the diffusion-mediated interaction between the neighboring droplets slows down the evaporation process compared with the action of isolated Leidenfrost droplet and leads to an asymmetric temperature field on the droplet surface, thereby breaking the balance of the forces acting on the droplets. A simple dual-droplet evaporation model is developed which considers four forces acting horizontally on the droplet, namely, the Marangoni force resulting from the non-uniform droplet temperature, the gravity component, the lubrication-propulsion force, and the viscous drag force. Scale analysis shows that the Marangoni force and gravity component dominate dual-droplet evaporation dynamics. In the non-coalescence stage, the gravity component induces the droplets to attract each other, while the vapor film trapped between droplets prevents them from directly contacting. When the droplets turn smaller, the gravity component is insufficient to overcome the Marangoni force. Hence, the droplets separate in the final evaporation stage. Finally, we conclude that the competition between Marangoni force and gravitational force is the origin of the bounce evaporation by comparing the theoretical and experimental transition times at distinct stages. This study contributes to explaining the complex Leidenfrost droplet dynamics and evaporation mechanism.
Terahertz metasurface absorbed by both linearly and circularly polarized waves
Authors: Wu Rou-Lan , Li Jiu-Sheng ,   Center for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: December 2022

In recent years, the development of ultrafast laser technology has provided a stable and reliable terahertz source for generating terahertz wave pulses, and the great research progress of terahertz wave has been made. As a new type of two-dimensional artificial metamaterial, metasurface can effectively control the transmission, reflection and polarization of electromagnetic waves, which has attracted the extensive attention. Most of the reported terahertz absorbers so far are based on metasurfaces with linear polarization incidence, and few studies have been conducted on terahertz metasurfaces that can produce efficient absorption at both linear and circular polarization incidence, which limits the practical application areas. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an efficient absorber which can realize both linear polarization and circular polarization. We propose a vanadium dioxide composite metasurface structure. The vanadium dioxide is a typical temperature-controlled phase change material, and its conductivity will undergo a huge mutation in the phase change process. When the temperature is lower than the critical temperature (68 ℃), the vanadium dioxide has high resistivity and good insulation performance. When the temperature is higher than the critical temperature, the resistance changes from high resistance state to low resistance state, showing metal characteristics. By changing the external temperature, the phase of vanadium dioxide is changed, the free switching frequency is achieved and both the linear polarization and circular polarization incident efficient absorption are realized. When the vanadium dioxide is insulated, its conductivity is 0 S/m, the metasurface can absorb left-handed circularly polarized wave at 1.30 THz and reflect the incident right-handed circularly polarized wave, and the circular dichroism is 0.85. When the vanadium dioxide is metallic, its conductivity is 2×105 S/m and it possesses linearly polarized incident metasurface, the absorption rate of TE linearly polarized incident wave by metasurface reaches 98.5% at 1.95 THz, and the perfect absorption of terahertz wave is realized. The structure has good wide-angle absorption performance for both TE polarization wave and left-handed circularly polarized wave. This composite metasurface structure can achieve the good absorption effect of terahertz waves with different frequencies and different polarization states. Therefore, the design concept of the composite metasurface structure can be used for designing other metasurface terahertz devices, and also for implementing the terahertz imaging and sensing systems due to different response characteristics to different polarization signals.
Band gap anomaly in single-layer Nb2SiTe4-based compounds
Authors: Wang Xiao-Fei , Meng Wei-Wei , Zhao Pei-Li , Jia Shuang-Feng , Zheng He , Wang Jian-Bo ,   Institute for Advanced Studies, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, Center for Electron Microscopy, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China,   Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou 215123, China,   Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China,   Core Facility of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) niobium silicon telluride (Nb2SiTe4) with good stability, a narrow band gap of 0.39 eV, high carrier mobility and superior photoresponsivity, is highly desired for applications in mid-infrared (MIR) detections, ambipolar transistors. Intensive investigations on its ferroelasticity, anisotropic carrier transport, anisotropic thermoelectric property, etc., have been reported recently. Motivated by the above prominent properties and promising applications, we systematically study the electronic properties of single-layer (SL) A2BX4 analogues (A = V, Nb, Ta; B = Si, Ge, Sn; X = S, Se, Te) and find a band-gap anomaly with respect to anion change, which differs from conventional 2D metal chalcogenide. In conventional binary chalcogenide, when cations are kept fixed, the bandgap tends to decrease as the atomic number of anions in the same group increases. However, in SL A2BX4, as atomic number of anions increases, its bandgaps tend to increase, with cations kept fixed. In order to find the underlying mechanism of such an abnormal bandgap, using first-principles calculations, we thoroughly investigate the electronic structures of Nb2SiX4 (X = S, Se, Te) surving as an example. It is found that the valance band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) are mainly derived from the bonding and antibonding coupling between Nb 4d states. The bandwidth of Nb 4d states determines the relative value of the band gap in Nb2SiX4. We demonstrate that the band gap is largely influenced by the competition effect between Nb—Nb and Nb—X interactions in Nb2SiX4. As the anion atomic number increases, the Nb—Nb bond length increases, yielding an increased bandwidth of Nb 4d state and a smaller bandgap of Nb2SiX4. Meanwhile, as Nb—X bond length increases, the bandwidth of Nb 4d however decreases, yielding a larger bandgap. The interaction between Nb and X should be dominant and responsible for the overall bandgap increase of Nb2SiX4 compared with the Nb—Nb interaction.
Preliminary Study on Spark Emission Characteristics for Measuring the Minimum Ignition Energy of a Hydrogen-Oxygen Combustible Mixture
Authors: Kim Dong-Ju , Lee Jae-Won , Park Seul-Hyun
Published: December 2022

The ignition energy of a hydrogen-oxygen combustible mixture is determined by the breakdown voltage and capacitor capacity measured using the spark ignition circuit. To measure the breakdown voltage, it is important to understand the attributes of the spark emission that occurs during ignition. Through this experiment, it was confirmed that the spark emission of a hydrogen-oxygen combustible mixture was divided into three stages: yield, arc, and glow. The breakdown voltage according to the hydrogen volume percentage of the hydrogen-oxygen combustible mixture was measured. Additionally, the ignition energy was measured by comparing the ignition energy calculation formula using the measured breakdown voltage and capacitor capacity with a formula suitable for the experimental conditions. Under these experimental conditions, the measurement of the minimum ignition energy required to ignite the combustible mixture is limited. The minimum ignition energy should be measured through the breakdown voltage at the minimum separation distance and a capacitor capacity of less than 1 pF.
Derivation of Defect Factors and Defect Rates of Fire Doors in Apartment Buildings through Field Investigation
Authors: Kim Yun-Seong , Huh Ye-Rim , Jin Seung-Hyeon , Kwon Yeong-Jin
Published: December 2022

Even a fire door with secured performance may not satisfy existing performance standards and fail to prevent the spread of fire owing to natural corrosion, damage from external force, and deformation associated with high-frequency use after installation. Therefore, it is important to ensure that certain results are maintained over the long term through regular management. However, in Korea, fire doors are often left unattended without repair, owing to insufficient management measures. Therefore, to present basic data for improving fire door maintenance measures, this study conducted field surveys to derive the failure rate and cause of failure owing to the age of fire doors. The results showed that of the fire doors surveyed, 3.7% were aged under five years, 13.4%, under 10 years, 14.8% under 10 years, 22.7% over 20 years, and 27.6% over 20 years. In particular, the failure rate of fire doors exceeded 20% for the first time in 15 years. The main causes of defects were natural aging, holes, opening and closing problems, gaps, gaskets, and wear of accessories, such as door closers.
Smoke Control System Performance Analysis in Accordance with Floor Plan Configuration of High-rise Multi-family Residential Buildings
Authors: Kim Seonghan , Joung Suckhwan
Published: December 2022

In Korea, the vestibule of a special escape stair and a fire service access elevator is typically used together. The floor plan configuration of high-rise multi-family residential buildings where occupant evacuation elevators are installed is of two types depending on the vestibule structure of the occupant evacuation elevators and fire service access elevators. In one type, the vestibules of an occupant evacuation elevator and a fire service access elevator face each other, and in the other type, each vestibule faces the corridor. As a result of analyzing the smoke control volume flow rate and pressure difference, air volume flow rate to form a pressure difference was used in the lower level of the neutral pressure plane in both the floor plan configurations. The pressure difference above the neutral pressure plane was confirmed to be formed sufficiently high to cause evacuation disturbances in the floor plan configuration without corridor.
Estimation of Radiation Heat Flux in Open Pool Flames for Application of Fire Protection Walls
Authors: Shin Yi-Chul , Yeo Han-Seung , Park Soo-Young , Choi Dong-Ho , Park Kye-Won
Published: December 2022

Petrochemical plants are characterized by various flammable substances and complicated processes. Moreover, flammable fluids are transported through high-temperature and high-pressure pipes. To reduce the potential damage inflicted on adjacent facilities owing to the risk of fire and explosion, it is necessary to consider installing a fire protection wall, which is a physical space partitioning method. Currently, in Korea, the Dangerous Substances Safety Control Act and High-Pressure Gas Safety Act define the technical specifications of fire protection walls. However, there is no performance standard for fire protection walls considering the many possible fire hazards of petrochemical plants. Therefore, the heat release rate based on the size of open pool flames, radiation heat flux, and temperature per distance were measured through an open pool fire test using n-heptane, which is commonly used as a solvent in the production processes at petrochemical plants. The experimental results were evaluated by comparing them with values calculated according to ISO 24678-7, which is the standard for the numerical analysis of radiation heat flux in an open pool fire.
A Numerical Study on the Smoke Control System Performance for a Large Fire in a Long Tunnel
Authors: Ha Yejin , Jeon Joonho
Published: December 2022

In this study, a numerical simulation was performed using the fire dynamics simulator to examine the performance of a smoke control system in the case of a large fire in a long tunnel. A regional long tunnel that facilitates frequent movement in the port area was simulated. The fire scenario was set as a heavy goods vehicle fire corresponding to a large fire based on the existing real-scale experimental research data. A jet fan with an inner diameter of 1250 mm used in the regional tunnel was included in the tunnel simulation. For the evaluation of the smoke control system performance, the effects of the flow rate and installation interval of the jet fan on the smoke behavior, visibility, and temperature was analyzed. As the flow rate of the jet fan decreased, backlayering was lengthened, which reduced the time to achieve life safety standard.
A Case of Sepsis by a Rare Pathogen Delftia acidovorans in a Patient Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Singh Romya , Chaudhary Radhika , Sahu Chinmoy , Patel Sangram Singh
Published: December 2022

Patients undergoing chemotherapy for any malignant disease are at a higher risk of developing central line related blood stream infection, as a result of lack of proper care of the central line used for giving chemotherapy. Here, a case of sepsis by an unusual pathogen Delftia acidovorans is shown in a 29-year-old female patient undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer with no other related co-morbidities and family history. On investigation, elevated procalcitonin showed presence of bacterial sepsis. Despite of empirical antimicrobial therapy, the patient showed features of continued sepsis. Blood specimens were taken and sent as paired sets of BACTEC blood culture bottles. This was identified as Delftia acidovorans which is rarely known to cause central line related blood stream infection and has a ubiquitous presence and cause infection mostly in immunocompromised patients. Empirical therapy was continued in the patient but could not be revived because of sudden episode of bradycardia. This report highlights the significance of appropriate diagnosis and treatment of such rare pathogen as a causative pathogen for sepsis. In this report, authors also emphasise the need of education of patients and healthcare providers for proper care of any chemoport inserted to avoid incidence of central line associated blood stream infection.
Influence of Late Planting on Growth and Yield of F3 Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Inbred Lines in the Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecology of Ghana
Authors: Luriwie S. , Alidu M. S.
Published: December 2022

Planting time is an essential agronomic practice for the growth and yield of crops. This phenomenon enhances the crop ability to perform better in varied environments. The experiment was conducted during the late season in September, 2020 at the University for Development Studies (UDS) experimental field. The objective was to evaluate the influence of late planting on the growth and yield of third filial generation of cowpea inbred lines. The experiment was a single factor experiment laid in a randomized complete block design. The lines were ABF3, GOF3, MF3, SAF3 and an advance breeding line IT93K503-1, used as a standard check. Data was collected on plant height, Leaf area, branch count at harvest, Chlorophyll Content, Days to 50% flowering, Days to 95% maturity, Number of seeds per plant, Pod weight per plant, Pod length per plant, Number of seeds per pod, Hundred seed weight, Dry matter, and grain yield. Data was analyzed using Gen Stat Statistical package 12th edition and treatment means were separated at 5% probability level. Results showed significant differences in eight parameters measured. SAF3 recorded the highest plant height and leaf area. SAF3 recorded the highest chlorophyll, while GOF3 recorded the lowest chlorophyll content. Again, GOF3 flowered early compared with the check but SAF3 recorded the longest days to flower. GOF3 matured early, whilst SAF3 took the longest days to pod maturity. SAF3 had the highest grain yield. The results obtained in the study showed that, planting time had significant influence for grain yield of cowpea.
Optimization of Production Conditions of Cellulase Enzyme from Micro-Fungi Aspergillus Fumigatus for Agriculture Application
Authors: Sahrawat Rinni , Garg Amar P.
Published: December 2022

Cellulase enzymes are belonging to the hydrolytic group of enzymes facilitates the sugar release and its bioconversion into different valuable industrial products. Isolated micro fungi from rice straw by dilution plating pouring method studied for playing a various role in industries as well as in agriculture application. Various micro-fungi show enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic material. The present study optimized the growing conditions for cellulase enzymes production from A.fumigatus. Optimization of various growth conditions such as temperature, different pH level and nitrogen source were studied for the production of enzyme carboxymethyl cellulase during this study. The result showed that A. fumigatus produced highest cellulase activity (3.546 IU/ml) at pH 7.0 and temperature 300C with yeast extract and Fpase activity (0.653 IU/ml) through solid state fermentation. In future agriculture applications and in industries the cellulase enzyme production attains a crucial role to acquire biodegradable yield.
Effect of Sulphur and Boron on Growth Characterstics, Yield Components and Productivity Parameters of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under Rainfed Condition of Chitrakoot Region, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Rahangdale Vishal , Mishra Ashutosh , Mishra U. S. , Sirothia Pawan , Singh Opendra Kumar
Published: December 2022

The current field experiment was carried out at Mahatma Gandhi Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) during the Kharif season of 2021–2022 in order to assess the impact of sulphur and boron on growth parameters, yield attributes, and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under the rainfed conditions of the Chitrakoot area. The sandy loam texture of the experimental soil has a medium availability of boron and sulphur. The experiment used a factorial randomised block design with nine treatment combinations and three replications. The Pusa Mahak mustard variety was grown using the advised agronomic methods. Based on the findings of the experiment, it was possible to draw the conclusion that applying 35 kg S ha-1 + 2.5 kg B ha-1 40 DAS to mustard greatly boosts the plant's growth parameter i.e. plant height, no. of leaves and no. of branches and yield attributes i.e. number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 1000 seed weight (gm The application of 35 kg S ha-1 + 2.5 kg B ha-1 40 DAS considerably increased productivity parameter, i.e. seed yield (q ha-1), above the control, according to the results.
Analysis of Repair Standards for Efficiency of School Facilities Centered on Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education
Authors: Kim Dong-Young , Yang Won-Jik
Published: December 2022

Recently, the Act on the Safety and Maintenance of Educational Facilities, which imposes the establishment of an integrated information network for educational facilities, was implemented in Korea. With the operation of this network becoming mandatory, a legal system was established to manage information on the safety and maintenance of educational facilities systematically. This study aims to prepare an efficient maintenance plan by analyzing data on the maintenance history of educational facilities. The durability of each repair work is calculated by analyzing its repair cycle, and a systematic repair plan to restore and maintain the performance of a school facility in a timely manner by integrating its maintenance cycle is established. Introducing repair work, which is partial maintenance, into full maintenance is appropriate from the life-cycle perspective. A budget reduction analysis is conducted to verify the efficiency of the repair work. If a repair work is performed by type at the repair rate of 12%–20%, a budget of 6 billion won (approximately 10% total repair cost) can be reduced. Therefore, introducing the level of repair work (cycle and repair rate) for each type of construction is necessary.
Development of An Automatic Calculation Algorithm for Rainfall Thresholds of Debris Flow in Korea
Authors: Choi Jung-Ryel , An Sung-Wook , Choo Kyung-Su , Kim Doo-Hye , Lim Hyoung-Kyu , Kim Byung-sik
Published: December 2022

Climate change has increased the amount and intensity of rainfall, increasing debris flow risk. Debris flow damage has become a social issue in Korea, and the need for research related to rainfall thresholds for debris flow has increased. In this study, an automatic calculation algorithm was developed to derive criteria suitable for the Korean region for the rainfall thresholds of debris flow. The study area selected was Gangwon-do, where a significant amount of debris flow occurred recently, and information on rainfall and the occurrence of debris flow were collected. As a result of applying an algorithm based on the R programming language, an equation for the relationship between the rainfall intensity and duration in Gangwon-do was automatically derived using debris flow occurrence point information and meteorological rainfall information.
Numerical Study of the Factors Affecting Evacuation in Multi-Family House Fires
Authors: Kim Byeongjun , Ahn Chan-Sol
Published: December 2022

In this study, a numerical analysis was conducted on the factors affecting evacuation when fires occur in multi-family houses. The parameters of fire size, growth rate, and location, as well as open or closed corridor-window conditions were considered based on empirical factors, and the results using the CFAST model were evaluated according to the life safety code for evacuation. In the fire scenario considered in this study, the concentration of toxic gases in the area in front of the entrance to the stairwell, which is an evacuation route for a multi-family house, did not exceed the life safety code. However, it was confirmed that the temperature and height of the hot gas layer did exceed the life safety code. The height of the hot gas layer exceeded the life safety code the fastest when the fire was far from the entrance to the stairwell, and the opening of the hallway windows had a significant effect on reducing the temperature in the hallway and maintaining a high smoke layer.
Dependence of Fire Safety on the Spaced Installation of Fire Dampers
Authors: Seo Heewon , Kim Daehoi , Lee Gilyong
Published: December 2022

According to building regulations, fire dampers should be installed in or close to the part of the duct that penetrates the fire compartment. Accordingly, in construction sites, fire dampers are installed in or adjacent to the fire compartment wall and floor. However, they are often installed too far away from the fire compartment wall and floor because the law does not stipulate a clear standard for “close”. If this occurs, the duct and sleeve in the spaced part may be transformed by the high heat of a fire. Through this, smoke and flames can be directly transmitted to the neighboring compartment space, failing to ensure fire safety. Therefore, this study investigated the dependence of fire safety on the spaced installation of fire dampers by performance verification. From the performance verification results, it was found that the separation distance of the fire damper should be minimized (i.e., attached to the wall) to ensure fire safety.
Lateral Reinforcing Plate Field Test of a Sliding Track Panel System for a Ballastless Track Bridge
Authors: Park Jong Chan , Im Dong Hwi , Lim Nam Hyoung , Lee Chin Ok
Published: December 2022

The Sliding Track Panel (STP) System is a method for installing Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) in a long-span ballastless track bridge, such as a truss bridge. The STP system aims to reduce additional stress generated on the rail due to track-bridge interactions. However, as the STP system eliminates longitudinal resistance by eliminating the sleeper fastener device installed on the existing ballastless track bridge, there is no buckling stability in the vertical and lateral directions. Therefore, a plan was devised to install a lateral reinforcement plate to increase the lateral resistance. This paper investigated the effect of increasing the lateral resistance of the reinforcing plate through a field test to determine the lateral resistance performance of the track panel.
Assessing the Applicability of Track Alignment Design Code for Continuous Welded Rail Installation to Concrete Slab Track
Authors: Lee Hyeoung-Deok , Song Jong-Keol , Yoon Ki-Yong , Moon Jiho
Published: December 2022

In the KR code, the track alignment limitations for CWR installation are specified. These limitations appear reasonable for ballasted tracks. However, its application to the concrete slab track is doubtful because the concrete slab track has a much higher buckling resistance than the ballasted track. In addition, sometimes the track alignment cannot satisfy the KR code limitations in urban areas. Therefore, the track alignment limitations for the CWR in the KR code should be evaluated for the concrete slab track. In this study, the focus was on assessing the applicability of track alignment limitations for CWR installation in the KR code for a concrete slab track. First, a literature review was conducted to identify the basis of KR codes. Subsequently, a series of track stability analyses were performed to evaluate the applicability of the horizontal and vertical curves in the KR code to the concrete slab track. The results indicated that CWR can be installed on a concrete slab track without special limitations for the curve ranges specified in the KR code.
Performance Evaluation of Porous Asphalt Mixture for Bridge Deck Pavement using Polymer Modified Asphalt with Improved Low-Temperature Characteristics
Authors: Kim Jewon , Lee Hyunjong , Hwang Sungdo
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the developed mixture to solve problems such as early deterioration (cracks and potholes) in porous pavements. The mixture was developed to ensure the long-term performance of porous asphalt pavements for bridge deck pavements. A porous mixture was developed using polymer-modified asphalt (PG 88-28) with improved low-temperature characteristics. To evaluate the performance of the developed porous asphalt mixture, a moisture resistance, dynamic stability, Hamburg wheel tracking, and 4-point repeated beam fatigue tests were performed. It was found that the performance of the porous asphalt mixture developed in this study satisfied the quality standards of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport and showed superior performance compared with the existing porous mixture. In particular, it has excellent resistance to fatigue cracking and rutting, thus it is judged that it can be applied to various road pavement fields.