bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOMOGENEOUS GEOVISUALIZATION OF COASTAL AREAS FROM HETEROGENEOUS SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA
Authors: Masse A. , Christophe S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. On coastal areas, recent increase in production of open-access high-quality data over large areas reflects high interests in modeling and geovisualization, especially for applications of sea level rise prediction, ship traffic security and ecological protection. Research interests are due to tricky challenges from the intrinsic nature of the coastal area, which is composed of complex geographical objects of which spatial extents vary in time, especially in the intertidal zone (tides, sands, etc.). Another interest is the complex modeling of this area based on imprecise cartographic objects (coastline, highest/lowest water level, etc.). The challenge of visualizing such specific area comes thus from 3D+t information, i.e. spatio-temporal data, and their visual integration. In this paper, we present a methodology for geovisualization issues over coastal areas. The first challenge consists in integrating multi-source heterogeneous data, i.e. raster and vector, terrestrial and hydrographic data often coming from various ‘paradigms’, while providing a homogeneous geovisualization of the coastal area and in particular the phenomenon of the water depth. The second challenge consists in finding various possibilities to geovisualize this dynamic geographical phenomenon in controlling the level of photorealism in hybrid visualizations. Our approach is based on the use of a high-resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) coming from high resolution LiDAR data point cloud, tidal and topographic data. We present and discuss homogeneous hybrid visualizations, based on LiDAR and map, and on, LiDAR and orthoimagery, in order to enhance the realism while considering the water depth.
AD HOC MODEL GENERATION USING MULTISCALE LIDAR DATA FROM A GEOSPATIAL DATABASE
Authors: Gordon M. , Borgmann B. , Gehrung J. , Hebel M. , Arens M.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Due to the spread of economically priced laser scanning technology nowadays, especially in the field of topographic surveying and mapping, ever-growing amounts of data need to be handled. Depending on the requirements of the specific application, airborne, mobile or terrestrial laser scanners are commonly used. Since visualizing this flood of data is not feasible with classical approaches like raw point cloud rendering, real time decision making requires sophisticated solutions. In addition, the efficient storage and recovery of 3D measurements is a challenging task. Therefore we propose an approach for the intelligent storage of 3D point clouds using a spatial database. For a given region of interest, the database is queried for the data available. All resulting point clouds are fused in a model generation process, utilizing the fact that low density airborne measurements could be used to supplement higher density mobile or terrestrial laser scans. The octree based modeling approach divides and subdivides the world into cells of varying size and fits one plane per cell, once a specified amount of points is present. The resulting model exceeds the completeness and precision of every single data source and enables for real time visualization. This is especially supported by data compression ratios of about 90%.
RASTER DATA PARTITIONING FOR SUPPORTING DISTRIBUTED GIS PROCESSING
Authors: Nguyen Thai B. , Olasz A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In the geospatial sector big data concept also has already impact. Several studies facing originally computer science techniques applied in GIS processing of huge amount of geospatial data. In other research studies geospatial data is considered as it were always been big data (Lee and Kang, 2015). Nevertheless, we can prove data acquisition methods have been improved substantially not only the amount, but the resolution of raw data in spectral, spatial and temporal aspects as well. A significant portion of big data is geospatial data, and the size of such data is growing rapidly at least by 20% every year (Dasgupta, 2013). The produced increasing volume of raw data, in different format, representation and purpose the wealth of information derived from this data sets represents only valuable results. However, the computing capability and processing speed rather tackle with limitations, even if semi-automatic or automatic procedures are aimed on complex geospatial data (Krist´of et al., 2014). In late times, distributed computing has reached many interdisciplinary areas of computer science inclusive of remote sensing and geographic information processing approaches. Cloud computing even more requires appropriate processing algorithms to be distributed and handle geospatial big data. Map-Reduce programming model and distributed file systems have proven their capabilities to process non GIS big data. But sometimes it’s inconvenient or inefficient to rewrite existing algorithms to Map-Reduce programming model, also GIS data can not be partitioned as text-based data by line or by bytes. Hence, we would like to find an alternative solution for data partitioning, data distribution and execution of existing algorithms without rewriting or with only minor modifications. This paper focuses on technical overview of currently available distributed computing environments, as well as GIS data (raster data) partitioning, distribution and distributed processing of GIS algorithms. A proof of concept implementation have been made for raster data partitioning, distribution and processing. The first results on performance have been compared against commercial software ERDAS IMAGINE 2011 and 2014. Partitioning methods heavily depend on application areas, therefore we may consider data partitioning as a preprocessing step before applying processing services on data. As a proof of concept we have implemented a simple tile-based partitioning method splitting an image into smaller grids (NxM tiles) and comparing the processing time to existing methods by NDVI calculation. The concept is demonstrated using own development open source processing framework.
CLASSIFICATION OF BIG POINT CLOUD DATA USING CLOUD COMPUTING
Authors: Liu K. , Boehm J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Point cloud data plays an significant role in various geospatial applications as it conveys plentiful information which can be used for different types of analysis. Semantic analysis, which is an important one of them, aims to label points as different categories. In machine learning, the problem is called classification. In addition, processing point data is becoming more and more challenging due to the growing data volume. In this paper, we address point data classification in a big data context. The popular cluster computing framework Apache Spark is used through the experiments and the promising results suggests a great potential of Apache Spark for large-scale point data processing.
DISTRIBUTED DIMENSONALITY-BASED RENDERING OF LIDAR POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Brédif M. , Vallet B. , Ferrand B.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) are now commonly acquiring lidar scans of urban environments for an increasing number of applications such as 3D reconstruction and mapping, urban planning, urban furniture monitoring, practicability assessment for persons with reduced mobility (PRM)... MMS acquisitions are usually huge enough to incur a usability bottleneck for the increasing number of non-expert user that are not trained to process and visualize these huge datasets through specific softwares. A vast majority of their current need is for a simple 2D visualization that is both legible on screen and printable on a static 2D medium, while still conveying the understanding of the 3D scene and minimizing the disturbance of the lidar acquisition geometry (such as lidar shadows). The users that motivated this research are, by law, bound to precisely georeference underground networks for which they currently have schematics with no or poor absolute georeferencing. A solution that may fit their needs is thus a 2D visualization of the MMS dataset that they could easily interpret and on which they could accurately match features with their user datasets they would like to georeference. Our main contribution is two-fold. First, we propose a 3D point cloud stylization for 2D static visualization that leverages a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-like local geometry analysis. By skipping the usual and error-prone estimation of a ground elevation, this rendering is thus robust to non-flat areas and has no hard-to-tune parameters such as height thresholds. Second, we implemented the corresponding rendering pipeline so that it can scale up to arbitrary large datasets by leveraging the Spark framework and its Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) and Dataframe abstractions.
LOCALLY REFINED SPLINES REPRESENTATION FOR GEOSPATIAL BIG DATA
Authors: Dokken T. , Skytt V. , Barrowclough O.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. When viewed from distance, large parts of the topography of landmasses and the bathymetry of the sea and ocean floor can be regarded as a smooth background with local features. Consequently a digital elevation model combining a compact smooth representation of the background with locally added features has the potential of providing a compact and accurate representation for topography and bathymetry. The recent introduction of Locally Refined B-Splines (LR B-splines) allows the granularity of spline representations to be locally adapted to the complexity of the smooth shape approximated. This allows few degrees of freedom to be used in areas with little variation, while adding extra degrees of freedom in areas in need of more modelling flexibility. In the EU fp7 Integrating Project IQmulus we exploit LR B-splines for approximating large point clouds representing bathymetry of the smooth sea and ocean floor. A drastic reduction is demonstrated in the bulk of the data representation compared to the size of input point clouds. The representation is very well suited for exploiting the power of GPUs for visualization as the spline format is transferred to the GPU and the triangulation needed for the visualization is generated on the GPU according to the viewing parameters. The LR B-splines are interoperable with other elevation model representations such as LIDAR data, raster representations and triangulated irregular networks as these can be used as input to the LR B-spline approximation algorithms. Output to these formats can be generated from the LR B-spline applications according to the resolution criteria required. The spline models are well suited for change detection as new sensor data can efficiently be compared to the compact LR B-spline representation.
NOSQL FOR STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF LARGE LIDAR DATA COLLECTIONS
Authors: Boehm J. , Liu K.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Developments in LiDAR technology over the past decades have made LiDAR to become a mature and widely accepted source of geospatial information. This in turn has led to an enormous growth in data volume. The central idea for a file-centric storage of LiDAR point clouds is the observation that large collections of LiDAR data are typically delivered as large collections of files, rather than single files of terabyte size. This split of the dataset, commonly referred to as tiling, was usually done to accommodate a specific processing pipeline. It makes therefore sense to preserve this split. A document oriented NoSQL database can easily emulate this data partitioning, by representing each tile (file) in a separate document. The document stores the metadata of the tile. The actual files are stored in a distributed file system emulated by the NoSQL database. We demonstrate the use of MongoDB a highly scalable document oriented NoSQL database for storing large LiDAR files. MongoDB like any NoSQL database allows for queries on the attributes of the document. As a specialty MongoDB also allows spatial queries. Hence we can perform spatial queries on the bounding boxes of the LiDAR tiles. Inserting and retrieving files on a cloud-based database is compared to native file system and cloud storage transfer speed.
IQPC 2015 TRACK: WATER DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION ON MULTISOURCE REMOTE SENSING AND TERRAIN DATA
Authors: Olasz A. , Kristóf D. , Belényesi M. , Bakos K. , Kovács Z. , Balázs B. , Szabó Sz.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Since 2013, the EU FP7 research project “IQmulus” encourages the participation of the whole scientific community as well as specific user groups in the IQmulus Processing Contest (IQPC). This year, IQPC 2015 consists of three processing tasks (tracks), from which “Water detection and classification on multi-source remote sensing and terrain data” is introduced in the present paper. This processing track addresses a particular problem in the field of big data processing and management with the objective of simulating a realistic remote sensing application scenario. The main focus is on the detection of water surfaces (natural waters, flood, inland excess water, other water-affected categories) using remotely sensed data. Multiple independent data sources are available and different tools could be used for data processing and evaluation. The main challenge is to identify the right combination of data and methods to solve the problem in the most efficient way. Although the first deadline for submitting track solutions has passed and the track has been successfully concluded, the track organizers decided to keep the possibility of result submission open to enable collecting a variety of approaches and solutions for this interesting problem.
3D OCTREE BASED WATERTIGHT MESH GENERATION FROM UBIQUITOUS DATA
Authors: Caraffa L. , Brédif M. , Vallet B.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Despite of the popularity of Delauney structure for mesh generation, octree based approaches remain an interesting solution for a first step surface reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for a octree cell based mesh generation. Its input is a set of Lidar-based 3D measurements or other inputs which are formulated as a set of mass functions that characterize the level of confidence on the occupancy of each octree’s leaf. The output is a binary segmentation of the space between occupied and empty areas by taking into account the uncertainty of data. To this end, the problem is then reduced to a global energy optimization framework efficiently optimized with a min-cut approach. We use the approach for producing a large scale surface reconstruction algorithm by merging data from ubiquitous sources like airborne, terrestrial Lidar data, occupancy map and extra cues. Once the surface is computed, a solution is proposed for texturing the mesh.
THE AUTOMATION OF THE PROCESS OF LAND AREA CHANGE DETECTION IN PERMANENT MONITORING SYSTEMS
Authors: Areshkina L. V. , Belazerskii L. A. , Oreshkin N.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. A new automation process for change detection of land area is proposed. The method is based on the use of multitemporal satellite images and their histograms. The proposed discrete representation of land area in small image fragments makes it possible to detect changes automatically within each fragment. This method provides improvements of change detection accuracy and simplifies the software realization by unifying recursively performed processing. In this article the method of difference images and its adaptation for automatic applications is also analysed. In particular, a complementary pair of images is proposed as the main presentation of a difference image which allows automatic separation of the changes of ground objects without loss or distortion. The use of the histograms obtained by variations of image brightness (increasing and decreasing) provides opportunities for the assessment and experimental verification of existing approaches in the selection of automatic detection thresholds. The assessment of the implementations of the algorithms of Kittler, Kapur, Otsu, and the method of mean risk minimum demonstrate the instability of their solutions, wide variance in of results, as well as inconsistencies with the visual approaches to the selection of the binarization thresholds. A new algorithm for the automatic detection and analysis of the brightness changes of land areas is proposed. As a result, the automation of detection of each brightness change of a given land area is achieved in all available spectral channels of satellite imagery.
SPATIAL DATA UNCERTAINTY IN A WEBGIS TOOL SUPPORTING SEDIMENTS MANAGEMENT IN WALLONIA
Authors: Stéphenne N. R. , Beaumont B. , Veschkens M. , Palm S. , Charlemagne C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This paper describes a WebGIS prototype developed for the Walloon administration to improve the communication and the management of sediments dredging actions carried out in rivers and lakes. In Wallonia, levelling dredged sediments on banks requires an official authorization from the administration. This request refers to geospatial datasets such as the official land use map, the cadastral map or the distance to potential pollution sources. Centralising geodatabases within a web interface facilitate the management of these authorizations for the managers and the central administration. The proposed system integrates various data from disparate sources. Some issues in map scale, spatial search quality and cartographic visualisation are discussed in this paper with the solutions provided. The prototype web application is currently discussed with some potential users in order to understand in which way this tool facilitate the communication, the management and the quality of the authorisation process. The structure of the paper states the why, what, who and how of this communication tool with a special focus on errors and uncertainties.
ASSESSING MODIFIABLE AREAL UNIT PROBLEM IN THE ANALYSIS OF DEFORESTATION DRIVERS USING REMOTE SENSING AND CENSUS DATA
Authors: Mas J. F. , Pérez Vega A. , Andablo Reyes A. , Castillo Santiago M. A. , Flamenco Sandoval A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In order to identify drivers of land use / land cover change (LUCC), the rate of change is often compared with environmental and socio-economic variables such as slope, soil suitability or population density. Socio-economic information is obtained from census data which are collected for individual households but are commonly presented in aggregate on the basis of geographical units as municipalities. However, a common problem, known as the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), is that the results of statistical analysis are not independent of the scale and the spatial configuration of the units used to aggregate the information. In this article, we evaluate how strong MAUP effects are for a study on the deforestation drivers in Mexico at municipality level. This was done by taking socio-economic variables from the 2010 Census of Mexico along with environmental variables and the rate of deforestation. As population census is given for each human settlement and environmental variables are obtained from high resolution spatial database, it was possible to aggregate the information using spatial units (”pseudo municipalities”) with different sizes in order to observe the effect of scale and aggregation on the values of bivariate correlations (Pearsons r) between pairs of variables. We found that MAUP produces variations in the results, and we observed some variable pairs and some configurations of the spatial units where the effect was substantial.
CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF SPATIAL DATA QUALITY IN VGI FOR USERS WITH DIFFERENT SEMANTICS
Authors: Esmaeili R. , Karimipour F.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Volunteered geographic information is constantly being added, edited or removed by users. Most of VGI users are not experts, thus formal representation of spatial data quality parameters through metadata standards does not efficiently communicate, as it may be interpreted differently by different users with different semantics. In addition, a user may not be able to decide on the relevant dataset for their in-hand application. In this paper, we propose providing VGI users with the spatial data quality parameters through simple cartographic representations, which is independent of users’ semantics. The problem is described and its implementation results for a simple case study are represented.
GENERALISATION AND DATA QUALITY
Authors: Regnauld N.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The quality of spatial data has a massive impact on its usability. It is therefore critical to both the producer of the data and its users. In this paper we discuss the close links between data quality and the generalisation process. The quality of the source data has an effect on how it can be generalised, and the generalisation process has an effect on the quality of the output data. Data quality therefore needs to be kept under control. We explain how this can be done before, during and after the generalisation process, using three of 1Spatial’s software products: 1Validate for assessing the conformance of a dataset against a set of rules, 1Integrate for automatically fixing the data when non-conformances have been detected and 1Generalise for controlling the quality during the generalisation process. These tools are very effective at managing data that need to conform to a set of quality rules, the main remaining challenge is to be able to define a set of quality rules that reflects the fitness of a dataset for a particular purpose.
ONTOLOGY BASED QUALITY EVALUATION FOR SPATIAL DATA
Authors: Yılmaz C. , Cömert Ç.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Many institutions will be providing data to the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). Current technical background of the NSDI is based on syntactic web services. It is expected that this will be replaced by semantic web services. The quality of the data provided is important in terms of the decision-making process and the accuracy of transactions. Therefore, the data quality needs to be tested. This topic has been neglected in Turkey. Data quality control for NSDI may be done by private or public “data accreditation” institutions. A methodology is required for data quality evaluation. There are studies for data quality including ISO standards, academic studies and software to evaluate spatial data quality. ISO 19157 standard defines the data quality elements. Proprietary software such as, 1Spatial’s 1Validate and ESRI’s Data Reviewer offers quality evaluation based on their own classification of rules. Commonly, rule based approaches are used for geospatial data quality check. In this study, we look for the technical components to devise and implement a rule based approach with ontologies using free and open source software in semantic web context. Semantic web uses ontologies to deliver well-defined web resources and make them accessible to end-users and processes. We have created an ontology conforming to the geospatial data and defined some sample rules to show how to test data with respect to data quality elements including; attribute, topo-semantic and geometrical consistency using free and open source software. To test data against rules, sample GeoSPARQL queries are created, associated with specifications.
The Impact of Reflective Writing on Writing Achievement, Vocabulary Achievement and Critical Thinking of Intermediate EFL Learners
Authors: Laqaei Narges
Published: August 2015

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a rather newly- developed method in language teaching that was reflective writing in improving EFL learners’ writing achievement, vocabulary achievement and critical thinking. To fulfill the purpose of the study, first 60 participants from among 100 intermediate learners studying at Tehran University of Medical Sciences were chosen by means of administrating Preliminary English Test (PET), Vocabulary Test, and Critical Thinking Questionnaire developed by Honey(2000),. Then through administrating the writing section of the standard preliminary English test (PET), Vocabulary Test, and Critical Thinking Questionnaire developed by Honey (2000), 60 out of 90 remaining learners were chosen to serve as the participants of the study. Two groups, a control group and an experimental group, were formed. The experimental group was provided with reflective writing instructions, while the control group received the routine writing practices. To see if the independent variable had significant effects on writing achievement, vocabulary achievement, and critical thinking, a Multivariate Analysis of Variance test was run the results of which revealed that the treatment significantly improved vocabulary, writing and critical thinking of the learners. 
¡Por fin, paz en la tierra!
Authors: Mayor Zaragoza Federico
Published: August 2015

En este artículo de suprema importancia, Federico Mayor Zaragoza, de manera fundamentada señala los factores o condiciones, que por vez primera representan un punto de inflexión para el tránsito de la humanidad, de la cultura de la imposición y dominación a la cultura del encuentro y de la paz. Nos brinda información de las grandes oportunidades perdidas, luego de la primera y segunda guerras mundiales y del fin de la guerra fría.En la era digital, tan reciente, tan consolidada ya, no sólo conocemos en tiempo real “la vida en la Tierra”, sino que podemos transmitir nuestros pensamientos y emociones, podemos participar en los asuntos del estado, nación y el mundo.Por eso es preciso que ahora, cuando ya podemos expresarnos, cuando ya las mujeres participan progresiva y activamente en la toma de decisiones, cuando ya todos los seres humanos y no unos cuantos pueden manifestarse y actuar en virtud de sus propias reflexiones, sea el clamor popular, la voz del pueblo, de “Nosotros, los pueblos…”, el que haga posible el advenimiento del “nuevo comienzo”, que con tanta lucidez preconiza la Carta de la Tierra.
Media Clips: Global Communications; Redistricting Ratios
Authors: Cibes Margaret , Greenwood James
Published: August 2015

Students analyze items from the media to answer mathematical questions related to the article. The mathematics in this month's clips includes ratio and proportion, ordering fractions, interpreting bar graphs, and drawing inferences.
Connecting Research to Teaching: Developing Students' Capacity for Constructing Proofs through Discourse
Authors: Stylianou Despina A. , Blanton Maria L.
Published: August 2015

Proof is central to doing mathematics. Yet proving is challenging for most students. In this article we describe the findings of a yearlong teaching experiment that focused on developing proof. We discuss the role of classroom discourse in developing argumentation practices that lead proof using examples from our work. The teacher's role in managing and promoting this discourse is explicitly discussed.
The Shape of an Ellipse
Authors: Foley Gregory D.
Published: August 2015

Ellipses vary in shape from circular to nearly parabolic. An ellipse's eccentricity indicates the location of its foci, but its aspect ratio is a direct measure of its shape.
Melodrama and the Penitent Woman Tableau in Victorian Culture: From Tennyson to Conrad
Authors: Gregory Melissa Valiska
Published: August 2015

This essay investigates an important stock scene of female peril and suffering from Victorian melodrama that I am calling the penitent woman tableau. I argue that this highly iconographic staged moment, where a sexually fallen daughter, fiancée, or wife sinks to her knees in remorse at the sight of the father, lover, or husband she has betrayed, derives its emotional energy and cultural force less from its representation of feminine terror and more from its equivocal portrayal of masculine authority. The penitent woman tableau spotlights a tense moment where violence against a woman could occur but doesn’t; it is a performance of masculine power where the man’s physical force is implicitly available but never literalized. Both visual artists and writers of the Victorian period were drawn to this scene, which I believe fascinated audiences because it spotlights the difficulty of representing masculine mastery in a society increasingly skeptical of physical force as a desirable means of domestic discipline. By examining the penitent woman tableau across several Victorian media and literary genres, including painting, poetry by Alfred Tennyson, and fiction by Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, and Joseph Conrad, I not only attempt to enrich our understanding of the unstable nature of masculine authority within the middle-class mid-Victorian family but also to illuminate the ways in which melodramatic conventions were crucial to the exploration of this urgent social question. Melodrama, often thought of as both feminine and conservative, offers a surprisingly complex depiction of masculinity within the penitent woman tableau.
A Portrait of the Monster as Criminal, or the Criminal as Outcast: Opposing Aetiologies of Crime in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Authors: Léger-St-Jean Marie
Published: August 2015

This article offers a criminological reading of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein based on the 1831 edition. It discusses the opposition between Dr. Victor Frankenstein’s physiognomic prejudice and the creature’s discourse designating social exclusion as the cause of its mischief. Frankenstein’s accusations rely mostly on its creation’s appearance, borrowing from Johann Kaspar Lavater’s principles. The monstrous creature counteracts its maker’s presumptions by interpreting its own criminal behaviour similarly to Christian Wolf’s self-analysis in Schiller’s short story “Der Verbrecher aus Verlorene Ehre.” A close reading of the circumstances of each of the monster’s four crimes demonstrates how deeply its criminality is interlocked with social rejection caused by its own external deformity. Both perspectives adapt tropes that can be found in criminal biographies still reprinted in the 1810s. Though both positions are credible, I argue that the storyline supports the creature’s view that the criminal might be a monster, but created by those it vengefully hurts. Throughout, I indicate when changes to Shelley’s 1816-1817 draft were made to arrive to the 1831 wording, paying also attention to who effected them.
Prophet of the Electric Age: Cultural Performativity as Nonviolent Revolution in the Lifework of Percy Bysshe Shelley
Authors: Devenot Neşe
Published: August 2015

This article examines Percy Bysshe Shelley’s interest in contemporary possibilities of text dissemination in order to reconcile the normally opposing tendencies of gradualism (“slow reform”) and “violent” revolution in his life and writings. I offer a close reading of two parallel cultural events, both of which produced a national commotion that widely disseminated radical views—the “Peterloo” massacre at Manchester and Lord Eldon’s copyright rulings as Lord Chancellor. In both instances, the government’s attempts to control expression had the opposite effect due to the consequences of press coverage and political activism. In combination with nonviolent textual piracy, I argue that the circulation of the belief in poetry’s power concomitantly with the formation of a radical canon encouraged the latter’s circulation as propaganda,de factoestablishing a common cultural heritage for the growing radical movement. Since Shelley’s writings became a fundamental component of the cultural glue that encouraged cohesion of the expanding radical class as soon as one decade after his premature death, I suggest that a reading of Shelley’s political strategies that moves beyond “ineffectualism” can highlight the continuing relevance of Shelley’s aesthetics and political thought.
Public Intimacies: Frances Burney’s and Jane Cave Winscom’s Accounts of Illness
Authors: Béres Rogers Kathleen
Published: August 2015

This article argues that, in a culture that focused on either essentializing or universalizing women’s bodies, Frances Burney’s 1811 Mastectomy Letter and Jane Cave Winscom’s 1793Headache Odesutilize physiologically specific language to challenge these dominant ideals. By giving their readers graphic accounts of their procedures and pain, these authors bring their specific bodily experiences to light. Circulating their accounts, respectively as letters and in a local newspaper, Burney and Winscom also negotiate between the intimate sphere of their bodies and the more public space of letters and print.
Female Independence in Mary Robinson’s The Natural Daughter
Authors: Watts Katherine
Published: August 2015

More provocatively than her contemporaries, Mary Robinson argues inThe Natural Daughterthat women must establish their voices in the public sphere to enact change while separately attending to the influential roles of wife and mother. She argues for financial independence and personal satisfaction by entering the public sphere through intellectual productions, such as writing. By examining Robinson’s concern for converging public and private spheres, we see a unique argument for women’s intellectual worth to be free of their reputations.
Violence and Absence
Authors: Willett Mischa
Published: August 2015

In several poems, Wordsworth considers the active representation of absence-- a stone circle, a zero, an “O the difference to me!”-- as a response to violence. Absent histories create our own involuntary misreadings, well-rehearsed in New Historicist debates surroundingTintern Abbey, andThree Years She Grew, but present absences can heighten the descriptive violence as in a Hitchcock film where one only hears the scream as a camera cuts away, or as in Wordsworth’s lesser-knownAlice Fell, wherein the violence reeked upon a girl is displaced onto surrounding objects making it at once more palatable and more subversive. This paper’s method is to consider Ovid, Wordsworth’s favorite poet as a young man, as a likely template for this trope. I show that certain of Wordsworth’s poems emerged as exercises in Ovidian imitation, and that he used the erasure of this poetic father to add darkness and suggestion to poems that are often misread as innocent.
À l’origine même de la psychiatrie comme nouvelle spécialité médicale : le partenariat Pinel-Pussin
Authors: Pelletier Jean-François , Davidson Larry
Published: August 2015

Le partenariat patient en santé mentale et psychiatrie est considéré de nos jours comme une innovation et comme une composante essentielle à des soins de santé mentale personnalisés. Un retour sur le paradigme humaniste inscrit au coeur des travaux précurseurs de Philippe Pinel et Jean-Baptiste Pussin permet cependant de constater que le « traitement moral » qu’ils préconisaient, il y a déjà 200 ans, reposait en bonne partie sur cette mise à profit de l’expérience vécue, particulièrement en contexte de soutien entre pairs. Le mouvement contemporain centré sur le plein exercice de la citoyenneté pour tous et celui plus ancien du traitement moral ont en commun qu’ils insistent tous les deux pour que les personnes atteintes de maladies mentales soient traitées avec dignité et respect. Toutefois, alors que le traitement moral se prodiguait à l’intérieur de l’enceinte asilaire, l’objectif des soins axés sur le plein exercice de la citoyenneté est pour sa part celui d’une vie et d’un soutien dans la communauté et pour tout le monde. Nous suggérons tout de même que Pussin et Pinel ont formulé des idées probablement si avant-gardistes que nous commençons tout juste à les comprendre et à vouloir les appliquer à nos pratiques postasilaires.
L’autre côté de la clôture. Quand le monde de la santé mentale et de la rue rencontre celui de la recherche
Authors: Godrie Baptiste
Published: August 2015

Si les thèmes du patient partenaire et du patient collaborateur sont de plus en plus en vogue dans le domaine de la recherche en santé mentale, les dynamiques relationnelles entre patients et chercheurs et les enjeux qu’elles soulèvent sont relativement peu documentés au Québec. Cet article vise à alimenter le débat sur ces dynamiques à partir d’un cas d’étude : la participation d’un pair à deux équipes de recherche d’un projet de recherche et de démonstration dans le champ de la santé mentale et de l’itinérance. Le récit de son expérience dans le projet explore notamment la manière dont les réalités qu’il vit – au croisement des problèmes de santé mentale, de son expérience de la rue et de la consommation – ont un impact sur les relations qu’il entretient avec ses collègues. Réciproquement, ses conditions de travail semblent l’affecter de manière négative et produire une perte d’identité conduisant, entre autres, à son départ du projet. L’analyse tend à montrer que les conflits vécus entre le pair et ses collègues sont le reflet de hiérarchies qui existent entre les statuts et les savoirs reconnus ou à reconnaître dans le champ de la recherche.
Participation publique et santé mentale : la réponse contrastée et inachevée des utilisateurs de services
Authors: Clément Michèle
Published: August 2015

L’auteure rend compte ici des résultats d’une recherche qualitative qui avait pour objectif de faire un premier état de situation de la participation des personnes utilisatrices de services à la suite de l’implantation, en 2005, du Plan d’action en santé mentale : la force de liens [PASM]. Le PASM comportait en effet une directive rendant nécessaire la participation des usagers à tous les exercices de planification et d’organisation des services de santé mentale. Pour ce faire, l’auteure revient sur la manière dont a été reçue cette directive, l’émergence et la diversité des regroupements d’usagers qui en a résulté, les modalités avec lesquelles les usagers se sont engagés dans les dispositifs institués de participation (lieux investis, soutien reçu, prises de position) ainsi que sur les facteurs reconnus avoir favorisé ou nuit aux expériences de participation. Il ressort de cet état de situation que si la directive du PASM visant la participation des usagers a permis de multiplier et de régionaliser les occasions de participation, son imprécision a donné lieu à de multiples interprétations qui n’ont pas toujours desservi son implantation.
La personnalisation des services de santé mentale : une voie d’avenir
Authors: Morin Paul , Bossé Pierre-Luc , Carrier Sébastien , Garon Suzanne , Lambert Annie
Published: August 2015

La personnalisation des services de santé mentale est indissociable d’un processus qui vise à penser et à circonscrire les effets recherchés par les personnes comme des aspirations légitimes, élargissant ainsi leurs possibilités de choix et de contrôle. Dans un premier temps, nous démontrerons que cette visée de personnalisation ne peut être détachée d’un contexte général et de contextes spécifiques, qu’ils soient français, anglo-saxons, québécois ou autres. L’approche narrative constitue à cet égard un apport essentiel favorisant la prise en compte des liens de codétermination entre façons de savoir et formes de pouvoir. Par la suite, les politiques, pratiques et recherches au Royaume-Uni en regard de la personnalisation seront mises en évidence avec un accent particulier sur les approches et outils d’intervention dans le champ de la santé mentale. C’est dans ce cadre que nous présenterons le « Projet Baromètre » dont l’une des retombées est la conceptualisation d’un outil d’intervention et d’évaluation, interactif et accessible via le web, qui met en évidence les forces et les progrès de la personne dans sa communauté.
Les rencontres entre médiateurs de santé pairs et usagers de la psychiatrie en France : caractéristiques générales et effets du dispositif sur les représentations des usagers. Partie 1
Authors: Demailly Lise , Garnoussi Nadia
Published: August 2015

Objectif : Cet article traite des rencontres entre des usagers de la psychiatrie et de nouveaux professionnels, les médiateurs de santé pairs (MSP), formés dans le cadre d’un programme expérimental français dirigé par le CCOMS (Centre collaborateur de l’OMS). Les données empiriques que nous présentons ici sont issues d’une enquête sociologique qualitative qui a participé à l’évaluation de ce programme, menée entre 2012 et 2014. Le programme MSP consiste à embaucher dans des services de psychiatrie publique, au terme d’une formation de huit semaines équivalant à un diplôme universitaire et d’une année de stage, d’(ex-)usagers de la psychiatrie, des personnes « ayant eu ou ayant encore des troubles psychiques, rétablis ou en voie de rétablissement ». Au-delà de la création d’une nouvelle profession dans le champ de la santé mentale, le programme s’est donné pour objectif la transformation des pratiques et des représentations des équipes de psychiatrie publique.

Méthode : Soutenu par trois Agences Régionales de Santé (ARS), il a débuté avec 29 candidats à des postes de MSP et visait après la phase expérimentale à être étendu à d’autres régions, voire généralisé. À l’heure actuelle, 15 MSP sont en activité, sur contrat à durée déterminée renouvelable de la catégorie C de la fonction publique. Nous nous intéressons plus spécifiquement ici, dans une démarche ethnographique, aux rencontres entre patients et MSP : à leur contenu, leur forme, leur style, aux caractéristiques de ces interactions ainsi qu’à certains de leurs effets. Le matériel d’enquête exploité est composé de 74 entretiens semi-directifs avec les usagers et d’observations conduites dans les services, ayant permis d’analyser des échanges à la fois formels et informels.

Résultats : Nous avons organisé l’analyse autour de quatre grands thèmes. Les deux premiers, qui font l’objet d’un premier article, concernent les caractéristiques générales de la rencontre et les effets du dispositif sur les représentations des usagers quant à la maladie et au système de soins. Les déterminants communs des rencontres que nous avons pu dégager sont les suivants : leur caractère volontaire ; une normativité moindre sur les comportements ; une offre de temps et de disponibilité ; un rapport distant à la médicamentation ; un déclivage vie privée/vie professionnelle ; une gestion spécifique de la distance et de la familiarité. Concernant les représentations de la maladie et du soin, nous montrons que les MSP contribuent à diffuser activement une idéologie du rétablissement fondée sur une conception positiviste de la personnalité. Ils s’autorisent également une certaine critique des autres professionnels et du système de soins et cherchent à s’en distinguer en privilégiant une philosophie de la patience et du « petit pas ».
Les rencontres entre médiateurs de santé pairs et usagers de la psychiatrie en France : effets thérapeutiques, limites et impasses. Partie 2
Authors: Demailly Lise , Garnoussi Nadia
Published: August 2015

Objectif : Cet article traite des rencontres entre des usagers de la psychiatrie et de nouveaux professionnels, les médiateurs de santé pairs (MSP), formés dans le cadre d’un programme expérimental français dirigé par le CCOMS (Centre collaborateur de l’OMS). Les données empiriques que nous présentons ici sont issues d’une enquête sociologique qualitative qui a participé à l’évaluation de ce programme, menée entre 2012 et 2014. Le programme MSP consiste à embaucher dans des services de psychiatrie publique, au terme d’une formation de huit semaines équivalant à un diplôme universitaire et d’une année de stage, d’(ex-) usagers de la psychiatrie, des personnes « ayant eu ou ayant encore des troubles psychiques, rétablis ou en voie de rétablissement ». Au-delà de la création d’une nouvelle profession dans le champ de la santé mentale, le programme s’est donné pour objectif la transformation des pratiques et des représentations des équipes de psychiatrie publique.

Méthode : Sur la base des entretiens et des observations dont disposent les chercheurs, ce deuxième article s’intéresse, d’une part, aux effets thérapeutiques de la relation avec les MSP et, d’autre part, aux limites ou aux impasses de cette relation, telles qu’elles sont estimées par les usagers.

Résultats : Les usagers évoquent des interactions qui reposent sur la facilité du contact, la proximité et la disponibilité du MSP. Cette proximité peut s’assimiler à une forme de camaraderie appréciée dans le contexte institutionnel de prise en charge mais conduit également des usagers à voir dans le MSP un modèle qui donne « espoir ». Les modalités pratiques mises en oeuvre par les MSP sont diverses mais visent généralement une transformation progressive du quotidien, via des techniques et des méthodes favorisant un certain « mieux-être » ou « mieux-vivre ». Si les MSP peuvent développer ainsi une certaine spécificité, ils se confrontent également à des limites de la relation avec les usagers. Celles-ci se traduisent notamment par la réduction de sa fonction à un rôle de compagnie, par une identification difficile au MSP et à son discours, voire à une incrédulité face à l’idée que d’(ex-) malades peuvent aider. L’analyse des rencontres entre MSP et usagers donne un éclairage précieux sur les attentes à l’égard des « savoirs expérientiels » et leurs applications concrètes. Le savoir expérientiel de la maladie a des usages surtout rhétoriques : il sert à entrer en relation. D’autres dimensions de l’expérience doivent également être prises en compte, telles que le savoir expérientiel du métier de patient ou l’expérience du rétablissement personnel, qui sont de nature plus pratique et qui peuvent permettre au MSP de contribuer à ce que l’usager aille mieux.
« Je ne vaux rien » et autres formes d’auto-critique : état des lieux et interventions thérapeutiques
Authors: Maillard Pauline , Kramer Ueli
Published: August 2015

L’auto-critique représente une évaluation sévère ou punitive du soi. Elle est omniprésente dans la culture, la vie quotidienne ou encore dans le contexte de la psychothérapie. L’auto-critique peut nous permettre une remise en question, nous ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives et nous guider. Cependant, elle peut également devenir excessive, rigide et s’avérer délétère. Cet article a pour objectif d’établir un état des lieux de la littérature existant sur cette notion. Premièrement, sa définition sera clarifiée et des éléments constitutifs de son développement seront présentés. Deuxièmement, cet article visera à dresser un descriptif des liens que l’auto-critique entretient avec la psychopathologie, notamment avec la dépression. Enfin, la troisième section de cet article sera l’occasion de proposer certaines interventions thérapeutiques permettant de réduire l’auto-critique.
Une grande dame et deux self-made-men : témoignage d’un patient chercheur
Authors: Pelletier Jean-François
Published: August 2015

La détresse psychique d’une personne, d’un parent en l’occurrence, peut avoir des répercussions très importantes sur la dynamique familiale et sur le destin de tous les membres de cette famille. Ces derniers peuvent devenir malgré eux des experts de la santé mentale, par nécessité d’accompagnement et avec leurs propres vulnérabilités, parfois aussi pour tenter de comprendre l’incompréhensible. Ce témoignage est celui d’un patient-chercheur qui s’est interrogé sur l’impact que la maladie mentale a eu sur son parcours professionnel et ses choix de carrière. En remontant à de lointains souvenirs d’enfance, cet exercice s’est révélé être un travail d’introspection, soit l’observation d’une conscience individuelle par elle-même. Le fruit de cette réflexion se présente comme le récit d’une double conversion, spirituelle et scientifique, alors que cette tentative de dégager un sens à cette expérience personnelle se transforme en pratique socialement engagée de la recherche en santé mentale et psychiatrie.