bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Intention in Pregnant Women in Birjand in 2020: Application of Integrated Behavioral Model
Authors: Gandomi Zari , Sharifzadeh Gholamreza , Norozi Ensiyeh
Published: April 2021

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life is the best nutritional option for the growth and development of infants. EBF has a unique biological and emotional effect on the health of the infant and mother. Despite this, the prevalence of EBF is lower than the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding’ intention based on the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) in pregnant women living in Birjand. Methods: Following a descriptive-analytical design, 292 pregnant women referred to health centers of Birjand (Iran) in 2020 were recruited. Sampling was performed using the multistage cluster random technique. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of IBM. Analyses were conducted by SPSS-19 using Pearson correlation and regression analysis at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between EBF intention and the mean value of different constructs of IBM (P < 0.001). According to the results of regression analysis, perceived self-efficacy, experiential attitude, and injunctive norm could predict EBF intentions (R2 = 0.58). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a considerable part of the changes relevant to EBF intention could be predicted by the constructs of the integrated behavioral model. Hence, using this model to analyze other health behaviors is a promising option.
Concern about appearance on Instagram and Facebook: Measurement and links with eating disorders
Authors: González-Nuevo Covadonga , Cuesta Marcelino , Muñiz José
Published: April 2021

Appearance-related use of Social Networks (SNs) exhibits a clear relationship with the risk of eating disorders (ED). To determine which components of appearance-related use are most important for the detection and prediction of ED, it is necessary to measure concern about appearance on SNs in detail. The two main objectives of this study are to develop and validate the Concern about appearance on SNs scale (CONAPP), and to analyze the relationships between concern about appearance on SNs and the risk of ED. A total of 576 Spanish women over 18 years old, with an average age of 28.88 (SD = 11.14), participated in an online survey. We evaluated the use of the two most-commonly used SNs (Facebook and Instagram), concern about appearance on SNs, and eating attitudes (the latter through the Eating Attitudes Test-26). The psychometric properties of the CONAPP questionnaire were excellent. Strong positive correlations were found between concern about appearance on SNs and risk of ED. The pattern differed between users of Facebook and Instagram. Instagram users were younger, demonstrated higher risk of EDs and higher scores in the CONAPP questionnaire. The implications of the results for the prevention of ED are discussed.
Relation is not a Category: A Sketch of Relation as a Transcendental
Authors: Mirus Christopher V. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Working within the Aristotelian tradition, I argue that relation is not a category but a transcendental property of being. By this I mean that all substances are actualized, and hence defined, relationally: all actuality is interactuality.Interactuality is the locus for the relational categories of substance, action, being-affected, number, and most types of quality. The interactuality of corporeal beings is further conditioned by relations of setting; here we find the relational categories of place (where), quantity in the sense of size, quality in the sense of shape, and time (when). In offering a relational account of substance, I distinguish between external relata (physical environment, objects of sensation and knowledge as external) and internal relata (one’s body, objects of sensation and knowledge as internal). This distinction between external and internal relata is transcended in the case of the Trinity, insofar as the divine persons are both perfectly distinct and perfectly united.
Percepções sobre a atuação do enfermeiro às pessoas no fim de vida
Authors: Hey Ana Paula , Tonocchii Rita De Cássia , Agudo Amanda Taborda , Garraza Thainá Dos Santos , Szczypior Denise Martins , Massi Giselle Aparecida de Athayde
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: descrever a percepção de acadêmicos de Enfermagem acerca da atuação do enfermeiro às pessoas no fim de vida. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com dados coletados em universidade privada de Curitiba. Participaram doze acadêmicos de Enfermagem, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada gravada. Após transcrição, as narrativas foram analisadas pela Teoria do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: as narrativas evidenciaram: falta de preparo profissional; ausência de suporte e; ausência de gerenciamento do cuidado. Como ideal, evidenciou-se a morte sem sofrimento, em casa e perto de quem se ama; com melhor comunicação, postura e empatia; a personalização do atendimento e; o respeito ao momento da morte. Conclusão: aponta-se a importância de mais estudos e investimentos na melhor capacitação aos profissionais da enfermagem sobre o tema, potencializando suas competências e as habilidades de enfrentamento específico.
Mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e cobertura da atenção básica: análise dos indicadores
Authors: Suplici Samara Eliane Rabelo , Souza Sabrina Da Silva de , Zamprogna Katheri Maris , Cunha Ana Cláudia da , Laurindo Dione Lúcia Prim
Published: April 2021

Objetivo:  avaliar a taxa de Mortalidade prematura por Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e sua associação com a Cobertura populacional pelas equipes de Atenção Básica nos municípios de Santa Catarina. Método: estudo transversal que utilizou dados secundários do banco de dados oficiais do Estado. Os indicadores Mortalidade prematura por DCNT e Cobertura populacional pelas equipes de Atenção Básica nos anos 2017 e 2018, foram coletados em 2019. Os dados foram analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 25.0, para estatística descritiva e apresentados por média e desvio padrão. Utilizou-se teste de correlação de Spearman para as variáveis em estudo. Resultados: houve aumento nas taxas de Mortalidade prematura por DCNT e redução na Cobertura populacional pelas equipes de Atenção Básica, sem associação significativa entre esses indicadores. Conclusão: o aumento da Mortalidade prematura por DCNT e o não cumprimento das metas pactuadas requerem avaliação das ações realizadas na Atenção Básica.
Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosos atendidos em unidades de saúde da família e fatores associados
Authors: Bespalhuk Kelly Thais Pestana , Vieira Luana Ferreira Coelho , Mendes Priscila Aguiar , Reiners Annelita Almeida de Oliveira , Azevedo Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza , Vendramini Ana Carolina Macri Gaspar
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosos atendidos nas Unidades de Saúde da Família e fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal, realizado como recorte de uma pesquisa executada em 2015 com amostra probabilística estratificada proporcional de 557 idosos, atendidos em Unidades de Saúde da Família em Tangará da Serra. As variáveis independentes são sociodemográficas e condições de saúde. A dependente é sintomas depressivos e foi avaliada por meio da escala de depressão. Para verificar os fatores associados foi realizado regressão de Poisson. Resultados: a prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi 22,8%. As variáveis associadas foram: percepção regular/ruim/péssima de saúde(RP=6,69; IC: 3,78-11,82); dependência funcional(RP=2,99; IC: 1,85-4,83) e não ter trabalho(RP = 3,96; IC: 1,02-15,38). Conclusão: a prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi maior que em outras pesquisas. Fatores sociais e relacionados às condições de saúde dos idosos associam-se com sintomas depressivos, sendo importante desenvolver ações para promover o envelhecimento ativo e saudável.
A questão ambiental envolvendo os cemitérios no Brasil
Authors: Kemerich Pedro Daniel da Cunha , Bianchini Débora Cristina , Fank Jiulia Caroline , Borba Willian Fernando de , Weber Diego Polonia , Ucker Fernando Ernesto
Published: April 2021

A sendo um tema recente e pouco debatido na sociedade atual, a questão ambiental envolvendo o sepultamento dos corpos humanos está sendo tema de muitas pesquisas que visam identificar fontes de contaminação causados pelos mesmos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo abordar todas as temáticas que envolvem os cemitérios, muitas ainda desconhecidas pela população, mas de suma importância para a saúde pública. Sendo as necrópoles os locais de sepultamento de cadáveres, existem riscos a contaminação do solo, ar e recursos hídricos pelo necrochorume e os gases originados da putrefação, se o meio de sepultamento ou a área não for adequada para tal finalidade. Somente a partir da homologação da Resolução CONANA Resolução 335/2003 essa questão começou a receber a atenção necessária. Há vários tipos de cemitérios, sendo os mais comuns os tradicionais, ou parques Jardins onde o cadáver fica em contato direto com o solo, os verticais, estes com melhor eficiência em termos ambientais e de saúde da população entorno, sendo que a cultura dos povos fator determinante para a escolha dos mesmos.
Diagnóstico do serviço de abastecimento de água na percepção do usuário no município de Barcarena-Pará
Authors: Gonçalves Keyt Oliveira , Fernandes Lindemberg Lima , Girard Luiza
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo diagnosticar o serviço de abastecimento de água do bairro Centro, no município de Barcarena-Pará, através da percepção do usuário. A metodologia utilizada foi à aplicação de questionários, os quais foram tratados através de método estatístico, sendo aplicados em 166 residências nos anos de 2013 e 2014. De acordo com os resultados verificou-se que grande parcela dos entrevistados (66%) não tem acesso ou não utiliza o serviço público de abastecimento de água, sendo os poços individuais a solução utilizada. A pesquisa revelou ainda que fatores como interrupção no fornecimento (69%) e deficiência na qualidade da água (90%), podem ser responsáveis pela busca de outras fontes de abastecimento. Na opinião dos usuários a água apresenta características indesejáveis como cor e sabor, fator este que faz com que o consumo de água envasada seja elevado no local, chegando a 58% das residências. Portanto, a metodologia de avaliação do sistema a partir da percepção do usuário, mostrou-se ferramenta importante para a gestão, planejamento e a credibilidade do sistema.
Educação ambiental na escola: do Projeto Político Pedagógico a prática docente
Authors: Grzebieluka Douglas , Silva Jocieli Aparecida
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho propõe-se a fortalecer o processo reflexivo acerca da Educação Ambiental no âmbito escolar e sua abrangência no Projeto Político Pedagógico e na prática docente.  A pesquisa descritiva, em uma primeira instância verificou-se por meio do levantamento bibliográfico fazer uma breve contextualização, reconhecendo a importância da Educação Ambiental no processo educativo. Ao reconhecer as dificuldades que permeiam a articulação entre a teoria e a prática, verificou-se a importância da atuação de professores comprometidos com a formação integral do educando de forma que ele possa interagir com competência no meio ambiente.  Tendo por base essa prerrogativa, esse trabalho foi sendo vislumbrada a realidade, sobre o desenvolvimento da Educação Ambiental na Educação Formal, fomentando, a preocupação com o desenvolvimento crítico-reflexivo do educando, e com o engajamento dos profissionais da educação na promoção ações que proporcionem a preservação do meio ambiente, a emancipação humana e a formação de um cidadão consciente de sua ação no mundo.
A saudade ecologicamente correta: a educação ambiental e os problemas ambientais em cemitérios
Authors: Silveira Djalma Dias da , Palma Salate Retamoso
Published: April 2021

Dificilmente alguém sabe ou imagina que os cemitérios possam causar grandes impactos ambientais e danos à saúde pública. A decomposição da matéria orgânica gera um líquido viscoso, de cor acinzentada-acastanhada e com odor acre e fétido, o necrochorume. Portanto, os cemitérios são depósitos de cadáveres humanos que necessitam de uma destinação correta, pois a degradação dos mesmos pode constituir inúmeros focos de contaminação. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica objetivou-se levantar dados sobre os impactos ambientais ocasionados pela construção de cemitérios, bem como avaliar as inter-relações deste assunto com os riscos à saúde pública à luz da educação ambiental. Analisando a literatura especializada, constata-se que o processo de decomposição dos corpos pode comprometer a qualidade do solo e águas subterrâneas causando alterações físicas, químicas e biológicas, além de tornar o ambiente propício a disseminação de doenças infecto-contagiosas. Será que não se pode lidar com a morte de uma forma ecologicamente correta?
Conversación con el profesor Alfonso Rodríguez Gutiérrez de Ceballos, catedrático de Historia del Arte
Authors: De la Peña Velasco Concepción
Published: April 2021

El profesor Rodríguez Gutiérrez de Ceballos es una figura clave en el ámbito de la Historia del Arte Barroco. De sólida formación e impecable trayectoria docente e investigadora, comenzó a publicar en los años sesenta. Las respuestas a las preguntas formuladas en esta entrevista permiten aproximarse a una etapa histórica de importantes cambios en la disciplina, con figuras eminentes que sentaron nuevas bases para el estudio de la Historia del Arte Español. El profesor Rodríguez Gutiérrez de Ceballos habla de su familia, de su infancia en Salamanca, de sus estudios universitarios, de sus maestros, de sus compañeros y de su vínculo con conocidos hispanistas. Comenta sus aportaciones más destacadas y su reciente nombramiento como doctor honoris causa por la Universidad de Murcia. Concluye con un mensaje de ánimo para los que comienzan.

Professor Rodríguez Gutiérrez de Ceballos is a key figure in the field of Baroque Art History. With a solid background and an impeccable teaching and research career, he began publishing in the 1960s. His answers to the questions raised in this interview provide an insight into a historic moment of important changes in the discipline and eminent figures who laid new foundations for the study of the History of Spanish Art. Professor Rodríguez Gutiérrez de Ceballos talks about his family, his childhood in Salamanca, his university studies, his teachers and colleagues and their links to renowned Hispanists. He comments on his best known contributions and his recent appointment as doctor honoris causa by the University of Murcia. It concludes with a message of encouragement for those starting in the profession.
Le slut shaming : étude qualitative d’une forme de sexisme ordinaire dans le discours et les représentations d’adolescents
Authors: Goblet Margot , Glowacz Fabienne
Published: April 2021

Le slut shaming est défini comme la stigmatisation d’un individu en raison de son apparence sexuée en tant qu’homme ou que femme, de sa disponibilité sexuelle perçue ou de ses comportements sexuels réels ou supposés et agit en tant que sanction d’une performance genrée jugée inadéquate (Almazan & Bain, 2015; Armstrong et al., 2014). À partir d’analyses thématiques menées sur les productions d’adolescents lors de groupes de discussion, nous avons exploré les représentations des jeunes autour de la responsabilisation de la victime de violence et ce que ce processus peut activer en termes de slut shaming. Le slut shaming apparaît comme une expérience sans nom, qui pourtant s’impose à eux et contribue à orienter leurs jugements par rapport à la responsabilité de la victime, laquelle peut être vue comme un « continuum de culpabilité ». Le slut shaming semble prendre place dans une culture adolescente hétérogène dans laquelle les normes et standards genrés sont coconstruits dans l’interaction entre pairs et toujours sujets à leur sanction.
Discharge characteristics and mechanism of plasma plume generated by atmospheric pulsed discharge
Authors: Zhang Ya-Rong , Han Qian-Han , Guo Ying , Zhang Jing , Shi Jian-Jun ,   Textiles Key Laboratory for Advanced Plasma Technology and Application, College of Science,Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China,   Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center of Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
Published: April 2021

Atmospheric pressure plasma plume generated by pulsed discharge is studied by experimental diagnostics and numerical simulations. It is found that the plasma plume is generated in the rising phase of pulse voltage, in which a plasma bullet propagates toward the ground electrode at a speed on the order of 104 m/s. It is also found that the electric field in the vicinity of the plasma bullet reaches 106 V/m, indicating that the formation of plasma bullet can be attributed to the localized enhanced electric field, which will be enhanced near to the grounded electrode. The spatiotemporal evolution of electron density in the discharge reveals that the residual electron density remains after the plasma bullet has passed through, which explains the tailing phenomenon of plasma bullet. The enhanced electron generation rate at the head of plasma bullet corresponds to the localized enhanced electric field, which explains the generation mechanism of plasma bullet. This study of the characteristics and mechanism of plasma bullet provides a theoretical basis for developing the atmospheric plasma plume generated by pulsed discharge.
Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses provide insights into the skin pigmentation in Minxian black fur sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Shi Xiaolei , Wu Jianping , Lang Xia , Wang Cailian , Bai Yan , Riley David Greg , Liu Lishan , Ma Xiaoming
Published: April 2021

Background

Minxian black fur (MBF) sheep are found in the northwestern parts of China. These sheep have developed several special traits. Skin color is a phenotype subject to strong natural selection and diverse skin colors are likely a consequence of differences in gene regulation.

Methods

Skin structure, color differences, and gene expression (determined by RNA sequencing) were evaluated the Minxian black fur and Small-tail Han sheep (n = 3 each group), which are both native Chinese sheep breeds.

Results

Small-tail Han sheep have a thicker skin and dermis than the Minxian black fur sheep (P < 0.01); however, the quantity of melanin granules is greater (P < 0.01) in Minxian black fur sheep with a more extensive distribution in skin tissue and hair follicles. One hundred thirty-three differentially expressed genes were significantly associated with 37 ontological terms and two critical KEGG pathways for pigmentation (“tyrosine metabolism” and “melanogenesis” pathways). Important genes from those pathways with known involvement in pigmentation included OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein (OCA2), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase related protein (TYRP1), melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), and premelanosome protein (PMEL). The results from our histological and transcriptome analyses will form a foundation for additional investigation into the genetic basis and regulation of pigmentation in these sheep breeds.
Evaluation of the Effect of Some Marketed Herbal Cosmetics in Port Harcourt on Renal Parameters of Rabbits
Authors: Thompson I. N. , Bartimaeus E. S. , Nwachuku E. O. , Brown H. , Agoro E. S.
Published: April 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three commonly marketed herbal cosmetics in Port Harcourt on the renal parameters in rabbits.

Study Design:  This study is an experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Animal House, Applied and Environmental Biology Department, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2020 and November 2020.

Methodology: A total of 48 rabbits were used for the study. They were divided into four groups with twelve rabbits in each group. Four rabbits from each group were treated for thirty, sixty and ninety days respectively. All the rabbits were given feed and tap water ad-libitum. Using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline for volume selection, 0.5ml/kg of Samples A, B, C and D were each applied to 5cm by 5cm scrapped dermal Forsa of the rabbits in each group every morning for the respective treatment periods stated above. At days thirty, sixty and ninety, respectively, four rabbits from each group were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia. Blood samples were collected from the rabbits at intervals, 30days, 60days and 90days. The kidneys were harvested at 90 days from the rabbits. The blood was collected to test sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, urea, creatinine, KIM-1 and kidney for histological analysis. GraphPad Prism v.7.0 was used for statistical analysis and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The results showed that Potassium level was significantly higher (p<.05) from day 30 for group A compared to control, group B and group C. This is attributed to group A having a higher level of cadmium and arsenic compared to the other groups.  The urea and creatinine result for group A was significantly higher by day 30 (p<.05) compared to control with group B and group C. Whereas calcium became significantly lower at day 60. With chloride significantly higher (p<.05) at day 60. Early signs of toxicity to the Kidney were identified from the significant effect on the urea, creatinine, KIM-1 and histology results. The continued use of these products contaminated by these heavy metals will release them slowly into the body of recipients and which will invariably damage the kidney.

Conclusion: The continued use of these products contaminated by these heavy metals will release them slowly into the body of recipients and which will invariably damage the kidney. Early signs of toxicity to the Kidney were identified from the significant effect on the urea, creatinine, KIM-1 and histology results.
Lepton Bound State Theory Based on First Principles
Authors: Morsch Hans-Peter
Published: April 2021

A quantum field theory has been constructed, in which leptons are bound by electromagnetic forces. Using severe boundary conditions, in particular several constraints on the rotation velocity, a precision test has been possible, in which the needed 7 parameters are determined by many more constraints. Since arbitrary adjustment parameters are excluded, absolute values of radii, rotation velocities and binding energies are obtained, possible only in a fundamental theory, which must be close to the final lepton theory. The resulting masses are obtained with uncertainties much smaller than 1 %. 

The results show a very special structure of charged and neutral leptons. 

1. Charged leptons: The deduced radii due to electric and magnetic binding are different by many orders of magnitude. In particular, the large electric root mean square radius of the electron of about 103fm is almost of the same size as electron wave functions in light atoms, whereas the magnetic radius of 2.5 · 10−10 fm is consistent with a ”point” particle needed to describe electron hadron scattering.

Neutrals: The acceleration term gives rise to dynamically generated neutral particles of ”hole” structure, which can be identified with neutrinos. Their masses are 2 · 10−8eV, 17 eV and 12 MeV for νe, νµ and ντ , respectively. 

The full calculations together with the underlying fortran source code can be viewed at https://h2909473.stratoserver.net or https://leptonia-etc.de.
Examination of the Oxidation and Metal–Oxide Layer Interface of a Cr–Nb–Ta–V–W High Entropy Alloy at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Romero Rebecca , Makeswaran Nanthakishore , Naraparaju Ravisankar , Ramana Chintalapalle V.
Published: April 2021

The authors report on the evaluation of the oxide scale and the interface microstructure of a Cr–Nb–Ta–V–W refractory high entropy alloy (HEA) at elevated temperatures. The Cr–Nb–Ta–V–W HEA is oxidized at 700 and 800 °C in lab air and the substrate/oxide interface is investigated. Combined in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) coupled with ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS) analyses characterize the oxide scale and confirm the phases present in the substrate which have been previously identified in this alloy. The microstructure near the interface is studied for an indication of selective oxidation of this alloy. Cracking and porosity are found along the interface layer which grows directionally outward. Two main oxides are identified: a W‐based oxide with a needle‐like structure and a Cr oxide containing Ta that has a granular structure, primarily found in clusters. The oxide layers are porous, and no dense protective oxide is identified. It is found that when the temperature is increased to 800 °C, the oxide layer exhibits an increase in thickness. In situ XRD indicates that V is the first element to oxidize.
Discovery of New Phases of Bismuth Oxyselenide Semiconductor Bi2OSe2 by Global Structure Search Approach
Authors: Wang Xueting , Zhao Xingang , Wang Xinjiang , Li Hongdong , He Xin , Zhang Lijun
Published: April 2021

Bi2O2X and Bi2OX2 (X = S, Se, and Te) have shown potential for thermoelectric, optoelectronic, etc. applications. The ground‐state structures of Bi2O2X have been determined experimentally (in space group I4/mmm). However, for Bi2OX2, only Bi2OS2 has been synthesized in the experiment (in space group P4/nmm). In previous theoretical studies, the crystal structures of Bi2OSe2 and Bi2OTe2 are assumed the same as that of Bi2OS2. Whether they can be experimentally synthesized remains an open question. Here, a swarm intelligence‐based structural prediction is employed in combination with first‐principles calculations to predict the crystal structures of Bi2OSe2. Three thermodynamically stable low‐energy phases (P21/m, P4/nmm, and P21/m′) are identified. Importantly, the newly reported P21/m phase, instead of the previously assumed P4/mmm phase, has the lowest energy. The P21/m‐Bi2OSe2 shows marginal stability with respect to decomposition into binary compounds Bi2O3 and Bi2Se3. The predicted phases of Bi2OSe2 have bandgaps of 0.67–1.19 eV and comparable small electron and hole carrier effective mass (less than 0.65 m0). The different phase stability between Bi2OSe2 and Bi2OS2 are explained in terms of different Bi─S and Bi─Se covalent bonding characters. Our work provides theoretical guidance for discovering new phases of Bi2OSe2 and an in‐depth understanding of the structure‐property relationship of Bi─O─S/Se system.
Rhenium‐Catalyzed Arylation–Acyl Cyclization between Enol Lactones and Organomagnesium Halides: Facile Synthesis of Indenones
Authors: Hu Binjing , Cheng Xinyi , Hu Ying , Liu Xingchen , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Li Jie
Published: April 2021

A set of rhenium‐catalyzed arylation–acyl cyclizations between (hetero)arylmagnesium halides and enol lactones through a cascade C(sp2)−C(sp2)/C(sp2)−C(sp2) bond formation under mild reaction conditions has been developed. Indeed, a wide range of functional groups on both organomagnesium halides and enol lactones is well tolerated by the simple rhenium catalysis, thus furnishing polyfunctionalized indenones in one‐pot fashion and with complete control of the regioselectivity. Moreover, this approach also provides a straightforward synthetic route to neolignan and (iso)pauciflorol F. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the reaction involves a sequence of syn‐carborhenation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition.
Multifunctional zinc phthalocyanine‐phenolic resin (ZnPc‐PFR)@MSN nanocomposite based fluorescent imaging, photothermal therapy, and pH‐sensitive drug release
Authors: Sun Xiangfei , Yang Ping , Wang Shaohua , Xing Honglong
Published: April 2021

Because of the good fluorescence of zinc phthalocyanine‐phenolic resin (ZnPc‐PFR) photosensitizer and large specific surface area of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), a highly efficient nano‐drug carrier system, denoted as ZnPc‐PFR@MSN, was constructed for photothermal therapy (PTT) and pH‐sensitive drug delivery. The facile hydrothermal reaction was used to synthesize ZnPc‐PFR nanoparticles in one‐step. After loading the as‐synthesized ZnPc‐PFR nanoparticles into MSNs, and a good high drug‐loading rate (143.7 mg g−1) to the anticancer drug of Adriamycin (DOX) could be obtained. Thus, a novel nanosphere with the merits of good fluorescence, high drug‐loading rate (143.7 mg g−1), better sustained‐release properties, and photothermal properties (reached 43.23°C within 260 s) was prepared. The as‐synthesized multifunctional composites make it a good candidate in fluorescence imaging, PTT, and drug delivery.
Structure‐Activity Relationship for Di‐ up to Tetranuclear Macrocyclic Ruthenium Catalysts in Homogeneous Water Oxidation
Authors: Schindler Dorothee , Meza‐Chincha Ana‐Lucia , Roth Maximilian , Würthner Frank
Published: April 2021

Two di‐ and tetranuclear Ru(bda) (bda: 2,2′‐bipyridine‐6,6′‐dicarboxylate) macrocyclic complexes were synthesized and their catalytic activities in chemical and photochemical water oxidation investigated in a comparative manner to our previously reported trinuclear congener. Our studies have shown that the catalytic activities of this homologous series of multinuclear Ru(bda) macrocycles in homogeneous water oxidation are dependent on their size, exhibiting highest efficiencies for the largest tetranuclear catalyst. The turnover frequencies (TOFs) have increased from di‐ to tetranuclear macrocycles not only per catalyst molecule but more importantly also per Ru unit with TOF of 6 s−1 to 8.7 s−1 and 10.5 s−1 in chemical and 0.6 s−1 to 3.3 s−1 and 5.8 s−1 in photochemical water oxidation per Ru unit, respectively. Thus, for the first time, a clear structure–activity relationship could be established for this novel class of macrocyclic water oxidation catalysts.
Experimental and Computational Models for Side Chain Discrimination in Peptide–Protein Interactions
Authors: Lidskog Anna , Dawaigher Sami , Solano Arribas Carlos , Ryberg Anna , Jensen Jacob , Bergquist Karl Erik , Sundin Anders , Norrby Per‐Ola , Wärnmark Kenneth
Published: April 2021

A bis(18‐crown‐6) Tröger's base receptor and 4‐substituted hepta‐1,7‐diyl bisammonium salt ligands have been used as a model system to study the interactions between non‐polar side chains of peptides and an aromatic cavity of a protein. NMR titrations and NOESY/ROESY NMR spectroscopy were used to analyze the discrimination of the ligands by the receptor based on the substituent of the ligand, both quantitatively (free binding energies) and qualitatively (conformations). The analysis showed that an all‐anti conformation of the heptane chain was preferred for most of the ligands, both free and when bound to the receptor, and that for all of the receptor‐ligand complexes, the substituent was located inside or partly inside of the aromatic cavity of the receptor. We estimated the free binding energy of a methyl‐ and a phenyl group to an aromatic cavity, via CH‐π, and combined aromatic CH‐π and π‐π interactions to be −1.7 and −3.3 kJ mol−1, respectively. The experimental results were used to assess the accuracy of different computational methods, including molecular mechanics (MM) and density functional theory (DFT) methods, showing that MM was superior.
Structural, Magnetic and Catalytic Properties of a New Vacancy Ordered Perovskite Type Barium Cobaltate BaCoO2.67
Authors: Iqbal Waidha Aamir , Khatoon Siddiqui Humera , Ikeda Yuji , Lepple Maren , Vasala Sami , Donzelli Manuel , Fortes A. D. , Slater Peter , Grabowski Blazej , Kramm Ulrike I. , Clemens Oliver
Published: April 2021

A new vacancy ordered, anion deficient perovskite modification with composition of BaCoO2.67 (Ba3Co3O8□1) has been prepared via a two‐step heating process. Combined Rietveld analysis of neutron and X‐ray powder diffraction data shows a novel ordering of oxygen vacancies not known before for barium cobaltates. A combination of neutron powder diffraction, magnetic measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) studies confirms G‐type antiferromagnetic ordering. From impedance measurements, the electronic conductivity of the order of 10−4 S cm−1 is determined. Remarkably, the bifunctional catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is found to be comparable to that of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–y, confirming that charge‐ordered anion deficient non‐cubic perovskites can be highly efficient catalysts.
Evaluation of the color measurement based on a microscopic hyperspectral imaging system
Authors: Qiu Kebin , Chen Weiguo , Zhou Hua , Wang Chenglong , Cui Zhihua
Published: April 2021

In order to make a color assessment for micron‐grade materials such as a single fiber, a non‐destructive and push‐broom microscopic hyperspectral imaging system (MHIS) was set up consisting of a stereomicroscope, an imaging spectrograph, and a digital detector. The performance of this system for acquiring accurate and repeatable information, such as spectral and colorimetric values, was investigated. The experimental results show that the system has an excellent spatial resolution, repeatability, and accuracy. The spatial resolution with a ×1.5 auxiliary objective lens was down to 90.244 lp mm−1 (5.54 μm). The average ΔE00 of the tested patches in the ColorChecker Mini chart was between 0.15 and 0.40, and the color measurement repeatability was acceptable. Color difference ΔE00 and the standard variation of spectral wavelength between ×2.5 and ×4.5 magnification were larger than those at lower magnifications. It can be concluded that the MHIS can identify colorimetric values of the materials and detect the color changes sensitively with a high spatial resolution at micron‐grade.
HCMonitor: An accurate measurement system for high concurrent network services
Authors: Song Hui , Zhang Wenli , Liu Ke , Shen Yifan , Chen Mingyu
Published: April 2021

This article aims to enhance the monitoring accuracy of high concurrent network services. As modern network services grow rapidly in data centers, tail latency has become one of the most crucial deciding factors on user experience. Latency measurement and anomaly detection are essential in evaluating service performance. Existing monitoring tools can be divided into two categories according to estimation methods. First, approaches based on sample traffic sample network packets to unburden the measurement. Second, approaches based on full traffic like wrk, analyze all of the packets from the kernel network stack and load the client‐side overhead into response delay. Therefore, we propose a high‐performance monitor system named HCMonitor, which computes the server‐side response latency and the round‐trip time of per‐request. It can afford full traffic monitoring on the basis of userspace, “zero copy” and pipeline. By switch mirroring, the measured latency eliminates the kernel network stack overhead and the queuing delay of the client‐side. Such measurement results in improved accuracy, online analysis, anomaly detection, real‐time display and transparent to network services. Our evaluations show HCMonitor obtains a higher throughput compared with tcpdump by over 200 times. Compared with wrk, the tail latency accuracy shows an increase by up to 72%–76% in high concurrent networks.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Transition Metal Complexes of a Novel 1,5‐benzodiazepine‐Functionalised Tertiary Phosphine
Authors: Durran Sean E. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Noble Thomas A. , Smith Martin B. , Gelbrich Thomas , Hursthouse Michael B. , Light Mark E.
Published: April 2021

The one‐step synthesis (44 % isolated yield) of the 1,5‐benzodiazapine functionalised phosphine 1, C31H31N2OP, is reported. Bridge cleavage of {MCl(μ‐Cl)(η5‐Cp*)}2 (M=Ir, Rh) with 2 equiv. of 1 in CH2Cl2 gave the mononuclear compounds [MCl2(η5‐Cp*)(P‐1)] (M=Ir, 2 a; M=Rh, 2 b) in which 1 functions as a P‐monodentate ligand. Rapid C(sp3)−H bond activation, at room temperature, is observed for 2 a leading to the unusual cyclometallated complex [Ir(η5‐Cp*)(P,N,C‐1)]Cl2 3 (or 3‘) bearing an anionic P/Namine/C‐terdentate ligand. Reaction of [Pt(CH3)Cl(η4‐cod)] with one equiv. of 1 led to [Pt(CH3)Cl(P,N‐1)] 4, suggesting that 3 may form via an intermediate IrIII cationic species in which the ligand is P,N‐bound. The IrI complex [IrCl(η4‐cod)(P‐1)] 5 does not, under similar conditions, show any evidence for C−H activation. Single crystal X‐ray studies on 1, 2 a, 2 b, 3, 3‘, 4, and 5 reveal intramolecular N ⋅⋅⋅ H−O H‐bonding in all cases.
Chemical and morphological changes of femtosecond laser‐irradiated enamel using subablative parameters
Authors: Casarin Heitor Hussni , Mattos Vicente Silva , de Castro Neto Jarbas Caiado , Chinelatti Michelle Alexandra
Published: April 2021

Chemical composition of dental enamel has a great relationship with the prevention of caries. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the chemical and morphological changes of femtosecond laser‐irradiated enamel with subablative parameters using Raman spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Bovine incisor teeth were used to obtain 30 enamel specimens (5 × 5 mm2). The chemical composition of the control sample was analyzed by Raman spectrometry to acquire the absorption spectrum, delimiting the areas under the carbonate and phosphate bands. This analysis was used to evaluate the change in the chemical composition of the sample after irradiation. The specimens were irradiated (IRR) with a Ti:Sapphire laser system (pulsed and focused modes, femtosecond regime 70 fs, average power of 1 W and exposure time of 15 s). After irradiation, the areas under the carbonate and phosphate absorption bands were delimited in each specimen. Raman spectrometry data were analyzed using Student's t‐test (α = 5%). By comparing the spectra of the IRR and non‐irradiated (NI) specimens, the results showed a significant increase in the area value for the phosphate peaks and a significant reduction in the area value for the carbonate peak and the carbonate:phosphate ratio. CLSM and SEM analyses did not reveal structural alterations in the subsurface nor morphological alterations in the IRR enamel surface, respectively. It was concluded that femtosecond laser irradiation using subablative parameters reduced the carbonate content and the carbonate/phosphate ratio without altering the structure and morphology of the dental enamel.
Selectivity and efficiency of electromembrane extraction of polar bases with different liquid membranes—Link to analyte properties
Authors: Hansen Frederik André , Tirandaz Shima , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig
Published: April 2021

In the present fundamental study, selectivity and efficiency of electromembrane extraction of 50 polar basic substances (−6.7 < log P < +1.0) was systematically studied for ten different supported liquid membranes. For each model substance, 23 molecular descriptors were collected and these were investigated as potential parameters for understanding of extraction efficiency and selectivity by means of partial least squares regression. Overall, a highly aromatic deep eutectic solvent composed of coumarin and thymol with addition of 2% ionic carrier (di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate) provided the highest extraction efficiency with an average extraction yield of 69% from pure water samples, 55% from plasma, and 62% from urine. With this solvent system, ionic, cation‐π, and π‐π interactions between the supported liquid membrane and analytes were dominant. Supported liquid membranes without aromaticity, however, operated primarily based on hydrogen‐bonding interactions. This is the first time the relationship between analyte properties, solvent composition, and extraction yield has systematically been studied for polar bases in electromembrane extraction. This new knowledge represents a first step toward enabling future development and optimization of electromembrane extraction systems for polar bases based on rational design, rather than trial‐and‐error approaches.
More about divisibility in βN
Authors: Šobot Boris
Published: April 2021

We continue the research of an extension of the divisibility relation to the Stone‐Čech compactification . First we prove that ultrafilters we call prime actually possess the algebraic property of primality. Several questions concerning the connection between divisibilities in and nonstandard extensions of are answered, providing a few more equivalent conditions for divisibility in . Results on uncountable chains in are proved and used in a construction of a well‐ordered chain of maximal cardinality. Probably the most interesting result is the existence of a chain of type in . Finally, we consider ultrafilters without divisors in and among them find the greatest class.
Two‐weight Tb theorems for well‐localized operators
Authors: Bickel Kelly , Korhonen Taneli , Wick Brett D.
Published: April 2021

This paper first defines operators that are “well‐localized” with respect to a pair of accretive functions and establishes a global two‐weight theorem for such operators. Then it defines operators that are “well‐localized” with respect to a pair of accretive systems and establishes a local two‐weight theorem for them. The proofs combine recent proof techniques with arguments used to prove earlier T1 theorems for well‐localized operators.
Mechanistic insights into the autocatalyzed rearrangement of 2‐bromooxazolines to 2‐bromoisocyanates by means of high‐level quantum chemical methods
Authors: Baroudi Abdulkader , Karton Amir
Published: April 2021

A mechanism for the thermal instability and selective rearrangement of 2‐bromooxazolines is proposed and examined using the highly accurate G4(MP2) thermochemical protocol. We propose this rearrangement to be autocatalyzed by bromide ions that are initially formed via a bimolecular reaction between two 2‐bromooxazoline molecules. We find this step to be rate determining, and it results in a consequent and more favorable propagative reaction of bromide ions with the starting material (2‐bromooxazoline). The proposed mechanism sheds light on experimental observations and provides a coherent explanation for 2‐bromooxazolines thermal instability. We proceed to rationalize the high barrier of the rate‐determining step via comparison with experimentally known pathways.
Field specific monitoring of cereal yellow dwarf virus aphid vectors and factors influencing their immigration within fields
Authors: Holland John M , McHugh Niamh M , Salinari Francesca
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments were withdrawn from use on cereal crops in the European Union (EU) in 2018 exposing the crops to yellow dwarf viruses transmitted by cereal aphids. To reduce prophylactic pyrethroid sprays there is a need for easier, field‐specific monitoring techniques given that pest incidence is spatially and temporally highly sporadic.

A field‐specific monitoring method based on the use of yellow sticky traps mounted horizontally just above the crop was developed and evaluated to determine: (i) predictive capabilities of the sticky trap system, (ii) practicalities of use by farmers and agronomists, and (iii) whether landscape composition, boundary type and type of tillage affect immigration of aphid vectors.

RESULTS

Yellow sticky traps effectively sampled winged cereal aphids and identified spatial differences in immigration patterns within‐ and between fields. Farmers and agronomist's aphid identification skills need improving, although they could detect aphid trends with minimal training. At least three times more cereal aphids were captured in crop headlands, especially next to taller field boundaries indicating that wind currents determined aphid immigration patterns within fields. Considerable between field aphid immigration was detected (24% of fields had no aphid immigration) even on the same farm. Levels of immigrating grain aphids were positively related to the proportion of grassland in the landscape. Tillage type had no impact on levels of immigrating aphids.

CONCLUSION

Field‐based monitoring and different management of headland areas could be used to reduce insecticide usage when controlling of cereal/barley yellow dwarf virus.
Pulmonary artery hypertension prior to the relapse of adult‐onset Still's disease
Authors: Hara Yuki , Morita Takayoshi , Tanaka Katsunao , Sera Fusako , Sakata Yasushi , Nishide Masayuki , Maeda Yuichi , Narazaki Masashi , Kumanogoh Atsushi
Published: April 2021

Adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by fever, skin rash, and arthralgia. Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) rarely occurs with AOSD and has not been reported in the absence of typical symptoms of AOSD. A 33‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital with dyspnoea on exertion. Although she had not had symptoms of AOSD for 18 months before her admission, she presented with gradually progressing PAH. Because she had no typical symptoms of AOSD, she was treated with pulmonary vasodilators. However, her PAH did not improve. At one month after vasodilator treatment, she developed a high fever with elevation of ferritin. We determined that her AOSD had relapsed. Immunosuppressants were started and both her AOSD and PAH quickly improved. PAH may develop in the absence of typical symptoms of AOSD and immunosuppressants may be effective in such a case.
An In Situ Artificial Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Strategy for Suppressing Cathode Dissolution in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Lishang , Zhang Bao , Hu Jisong , Liu Jia , Miao Ling , Jiang Jianjun
Published: April 2021

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries have attracted increasing attention as a new energy storage system because of the high ionic conductivity and safe aqueous electrolyte. The spontaneous vanadium dissolution in aqueous electrolytes is one major problem because the water with serious polarity would corrode the crystal structure of vanadium‐based cathodes. Here, an in situ artificial cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) strategy is proposed to kinetically suppress the vanadium dissolution in aqueous zinc ion batteries. The strontium ion is introduced into vanadium oxide layers as a sacrifice guest, which would directly precipitate upon getting out from the vanadium‐based cathode to in situ from a CEI coating layer on the surface. This strategy is proven with the help of various technologies, and the remarkable ability of the CEI layer to suppress cathode dissolution is evaluated by multiple electrochemical and chemical methods. As a result, the cathode after CEI conversion exhibits the best recharge capacity retention after open circuit voltage rest for 3 days in comparison with other cathodes. This work reports a general strategy to construct the electrode‐electrolyte interface for suppressing vanadium‐based cathodes dissolution in aqueous electrolytes and beyond.
Die Fassade des Axel‐Springer‐Neubaus in Berlin
Authors: Hein Carsten , Dercks Christian
Published: April 2021

Der Medienkonzern Axel Springer zählt zu den größten Verlagshäusern in Europa. Das Unternehmen hat den mit der Digitalisierung verbundenen tiefgreifenden Wandel der Medien zum Anlass für eine Neuorientierung genommen. Ein ikonischer Neubau mit rund 52 000 m2 Nutzfläche wurde als physisches Symbol dieser Erneuerung in unmittelbarer Nähe des Axel‐Springer‐Hochhauses und der Axel‐Springer‐Passage in Berlin errichtet. Er bietet Raum für bis zu 3 500 Mitarbeiter. Das lichtdurchflutete Mediencenter wurde vom Architekturbüro Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) entworfen. Architektonisches Highlight des 13‐geschossigen Gebäudes ist das 45 m hohe gläserne Atrium. Darin befinden sich zahlreiche miteinander verbundene Terrassen, die den Eindruck vermitteln zu schweben. Hier sollen sich Journalisten und Medienmacher gegenübersitzen. Das Atrium durchzieht das gesamte Gebäude wie ein Tal, dadurch entstehen zwei Gebäudeteile, die stets visuell miteinander verbunden und von allen Seiten einsehbar sind.