bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependence of the band gap in the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 from room to high temperatures
Authors: Ning Jinyan , Zheng Liangliang , Lei Wenxin , Wang Shenghao , Xi Jinyang , Yang Jiong
Published: June 2022

Temperature-induced vibrations (VIBs) make the band gap of CsPbI3 different from that as including only the lattice expansion (LE). However, within the temperature range of each phase, the band gap is enlarged slightly with the increase of temperature.
Multichannel photodissociation dynamics in CS2 studied by ultrafast electron diffraction
Authors: Razmus Weronika O. , Acheson Kyle , Bucksbaum Philip , Centurion Martin , Champenois Elio , Gabalski Ian , Hoffman Matthias C. , Howard Andrew , Lin Ming-Fu , Liu Yusong , Nunes Pedro , Saha Sajib , Shen Xiaozhe , Ware Matthew , Warne Emily M. , Weinacht Thomas , Wilkin Kyle , Yang Jie , Wolf Thomas J. A. , Kirrander Adam , Minns Russell S. , Forbes Ruaridh
Published: June 2022

The structural dynamics of photoexcited gas-phase carbon disulfide (CS2) molecules are investigated using ultrafast electron diffraction.
Iron molybdate catalysts synthesised via dicarboxylate decomposition for the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde
Authors: Pudge Geoffrey J. F. , Hutchings Graham J. , Kondrat Simon A. , Morrison Kate , Perkins Eleanor F. , Rushby Alice V. , Bartley Jonathan K.
Published: June 2022

Iron molybdate catalysts were prepared using a sol gel route with malonic acid and oxalic acid and their performance for the selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde was evaluated.
Autonomous retrosynthesis of gold nanoparticles via spectral shape matching
Authors: Vaddi Kiran , Chiang Huat Thart , Pozzo Lilo D.
Published: June 2022

A Riemannian metric for spectral data is introduced to efficiently compute shape matching distances for material retrosynthesis in high-throughput autonomous laboratories.
Comparison of iodinated disinfection by-product formation from the reaction of chlorine, monochloramine, and organic chloramine with seaweed salt during a simulated household cooking process
Authors: Qu Ruixin , Ding Shunke , Li Haixin , Wang Pin , Pan Lixing , Chu Wenhai
Published: June 2022

Here, the effects of key factors on I-DBP formation with seaweed salt during the household cooking process were ascertained. And its potential public health risk was confirmed by cytotoxicity tests.
Combined atomistic simulations to explore metastability and substrate effects in Ag–Co nanoalloy systems
Authors: Hizi Abir , Forster Georg Daniel , Ferrando Riccardo , Garreau Yves , Coati Alessandro , Andreazza-Vignolle Caroline , Andreazza Pascal
Published: June 2022

Combined experimental and simulation study on AgCo nanoalloys: (1) effect of amorphous carbon substrate: aspherical shape and orientational order; (2) kinetic effect due to atom-by-atom growth: growth of Co on Ag leads to subsurface clusters.
Threonine supplementation prevents the development of fat deposition in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Qian Dali , Wang Zhishen , Sun Yutong , Sun Bo , Zhou Xinbo , Hu Linlin , Shan Anshan , Ma Qingquan
Published: June 2022

Threonine alleviates obesity caused by a high-fat diet.
Deciphering the role of LiNO3additives in Li–S batteries
Authors: Tan Jian , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: June 2022

This Minireview mainly focuses on the effects of LiNO3in Li–S batteries, aiming to come to a consensus on the important effects of LiNO3as an additive in the Li–S battery system, thus further presenting unique insights into the future development of Li–S batteries.
Rational design of 3D net-like carbon based Mn3O4 anode materials with enhanced lithium storage performance
Authors: Li Xue , Yue Wence , Li Wenbiao , Zhao Jie , Zhang Yujiao , Gao Yibo , Gao Ning , Feng Dan , Wu Bin , Wang Bao
Published: June 2022

A three-dimensional net-like Mn3O4/carbon paper composite was realized, which delivers a remarkably enhanced rate performance and excellent cycling stability for lithium-ion storage.
Environmentally friendly method for efficiently recycling LiMn2O4 cathode materials
Authors: Zhang Yucai , Yao Xiang , Zhao Pengjun , Chang Aimin , Gao Ziwei , Su Zhi
Published: June 2022

An environmentally friendly stripping strategy and improved electrochemical performance of spent lithium manganate materials are provided.
Test-strip and smartphone-assisted Eu-TCPE-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of tetracycline
Authors: Zhang Ping , Li Xianliang , Xu Yan
Published: June 2022

A dual-emissive Eu-TCPE-based test-strip sensor was developed for the ultrasensitive ratiometric and visual detection of tetracycline in real samples.
Multi-bandgap colloidal quantum dot mixing for optoelectronic devices
Authors: Pradhan Santanu
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the current status and future prospects of multi-bandgap colloidal quantum dot-based optoelectronic devices.
Plant-based engineering for production of high-valued natural products
Authors: Sirirungruang Sasilada , Markel Kasey , Shih Patrick M.
Published: June 2022

This review provides a timely update on the needs for plant synthetic biology in expanding access to plant specialized metabolites. It discusses opportunities and technical challenges related to plant engineering and implementation.
Fluorogenic monomer activation for protein-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Tahseen Danyal , Sackey-Addo Jemima R. , Allen Zachary T. , Anderson Joseph T. , McMurry Jordan B. , Cooley Christina B.
Published: June 2022

Fluorogenic ATRP from initiator-modified protein enables visual, real-time detection of polymer formation in bioorthogonal fashion by removal of monomer α,β-unsaturation.
Ni-Catalysed intramolecular reductive aminocarbonylation of 2-haloaryl-tethered nitroarenes for the synthesis of dibenzazepine-based heterocycles
Authors: Feng Zhe , Ma Jun-An , Cheung Chi Wai
Published: June 2022

A nickel-catalysed intramolecular reductive aminocarbonylation of 2-haloaryl-tethered nitroarenes is developed for rapid access to a variety of dibenzoazepinones and their derivatives.
Enantioselective iodolactonization to prepare ε-lactone rings using hypervalent iodine
Authors: Payne Jenna L. , Deng Zihang , Flach Andrew L. , Johnston Jeffrey N.
Published: June 2022

We describe the first highly enantioselective 7-exo-trig iodolactonizations of conformationally unbiased ε-unsaturated carboxylic acids, effected by an unusual combination of a bifunctional BAM catalyst, I2, and I(iii) reagent (PhI(OAc)2:PIDA).
Renewable-power-assisted production of hydrogen and liquid hydrocarbons from natural gas: techno-economic analysis
Authors: Ostadi Mohammad , Hillestad Magne
Published: June 2022

The declining cost of renewable power has engendered growing interest in leveraging this power for the production of chemicals and synthetic fuels.
A double-step emulsification device for direct generation of double emulsions
Authors: Lai Yu-Kai , Opalski Adam S. , Garstecki Piotr , Derzsi Ladislav , Guzowski Jan
Published: June 2022

A new microfluidic method of generation of double-emulsion droplets allows the formulation of large soft-granular aggregates with controlled numbers of grains at high volume fractions.
A polymer/small-molecule binary-blend hole transport layer for enhancing charge balance in blue perovskite light emitting diodes
Authors: Yu Zhongkai , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Kang Keehoon , Song Hochan , Shen Xinyu , Ahn Hyungju , Lee Seok Woo , Fan Xiangyang , Jang Ji Won , Ha Su Ryong , Min Jeong Wan , Park Jong Hyun , Han Jongmin , Jung Eui Dae , Song Myoung Hoon , Chang Dong Wook , Im Won Bin , Park Sung Heum , Choi Hyosung , Lee Bo Ram
Published: June 2022

A polymer/small-molecule binary-blend hole transport layer provided balanced charge transport and efficient recombination of electrons and holes in the perovskite layer, and an optimal device based on the blended HTL shows the highest EQE of 5.30%.
Hierarchical cactus-like microsphere network membranes engineered via multiple polyphenol-mediated complexation for efficient solar-powered water purification
Authors: Zhao Xueting , Lan Youyou , Wang Tingyuan , Jiang Yuanyuan , Pan Jiefeng
Published: June 2022

The emerging solar steam generation technology enables an alternative water purification strategy, which shows great potential for alleviating the global energy and water crisis.
A triphenylphosphine coordinated cinnamaldehyde-derived copper(i) Fenton-like agent with mitochondrial aggregation damage for chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Hong Zhaoguo , Zhong Jingjing , Gong Sihui , Huang Sudi , Zhong Qiongqiong , Ding Dangdang , Bian Hedong , Liang Hong , Huang Fu-Ping
Published: June 2022

A new CDT agent, Cin-OD-Cu, which could continuously enrich in the mitochondria of A2780 cancer cells for generated ˙OH by Fenton-like reaction and induced mitochondrial damage, cell death.
An ionic thermoelectric ratchet effect in polymeric electrolytes
Authors: Sultana A. , Würger A. , Phopase J. , Crispin X. , Zhao D.
Published: June 2022

By varying the solvent and concentration of PEG based electrolytes, we tuned the molar conductivity and revealed the correlation with the Seebeck coefficient, which follows the theory of the thermoelectric ratchet effect in ions with hopping dynamics.
Ferroelectricity in organic materials: from materials characteristics tode novodesign
Authors: Liu Huiyu , Ye Yangzhi , Zhang Xiangyu , Yang Tieying , Wen Wen , Jiang Shan
Published: June 2022

The development of new organic ferroelectrics has encountered some challenges and opportunities. In this perspective, we have summarised synthetic and computational design principles for high-performance organic ferroelectrics.
Keeping synapses in shape: degradation pathways in the healthy and aging brain
Authors: Kuijpers Marijn
Published: June 2022

Synapses maintain their molecular composition, plasticity and function through the concerted action of protein synthesis and removal. The complex and polarized neuronal architecture poses specific challenges to the logistics of protein and organelle turnover since protein synthesis and degradation mainly happen in the cell soma. In addition, post-mitotic neurons accumulate damage over a lifetime, challenging neuronal degradative pathways and making them particularly susceptible to the effects of aging. This review will summarize the current knowledge on neuronal protein turnover mechanisms with a particular focus on the presynapse, including the proteasome, autophagy and the endolysosomal route and their roles in regulating presynaptic proteostasis and function. In addition, the author will discuss how physiological brain aging, which entails a progressive decline in cognitive functions, affects synapses and the degradative machinery.
Natural polymer‐based adhesive hydrogel for biomedical applications
Authors: Long Siyu , Xie Chaoming , Lu Xiong
Published: June 2022

Hydrogel is a polymer network system that can form a hydrophilic three‐dimensional network structure through different cross‐linking methods. In recent years, hydrogels have received considerable attention due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability by introducing different cross‐linking mechanisms and functional components. Compared with synthetic hydrogels, natural polymer‐based hydrogels have low biotoxicity, high cell affinity, and great potential for biomedical fields; however, their mechanical properties and tissue adhesion capabilities have been unable to meet clinical requirements. In recent years, many efforts have been made to solve these issues. In this review, the recent progress in the field of natural polymer‐based adhesive hydrogels is highlighted. The authors first introduce the general design principles for the natural polymer‐based adhesive hydrogels being used as excellent tissue adhesives and the challenges associated with their design. Next, their usages in biomedical applications are summarised, such as wound healing, haemostasis, nerve repair, bone tissue repair, cartilage tissue repair, electronic devices, and other tissue repairs. Finally, the potential challenges of natural polymer‐based adhesive hydrogels are presented.
Metal surface wettability modification by nanosecond laser surface texturing: A review
Authors: Liu Zhifang , Niu Tong , Lei Yaxi , Luo Yuanxin
Published: June 2022

Laser surface texturing (LST) is a non‐contact manufacturing process for fabricating functional surfaces in a manner that improves the corresponding wettability, and is widely used in biomedicine and industry. Laser surface texturing is a facile approach that is compatible with various materials, can result in a hierarchical texture, and enables a high degree of surface wetting (i.e., extreme wetting). In addition to surface structures, surface chemical modification is a primary factor in producing extreme wetting surfaces. This review discusses the effects of various surface textures and surface chemistries on wettability. Optimal laser parameters for the desired surface texture are based on the fundamental wettability and laser mechanism. In particular, bumps in the morphology are conducive to obtaining extreme wetting. Diverse surface chemical strategies result in extreme wetting by different mechanisms. This paper makes a rigorous evaluation of the laser parameters and optimal surface chemical modifications by elucidating the relationships between the surface structure, surface chemical modification, and wettability, and in so doing, determines the final wettability. The unresolved problems of LST are presented in the conclusion. This review provides guidance, development directions, and an integrated framework for LST, which will be useful for fabricating extreme wetting surfaces on various metals.
Energy efficient short‐packet‐communication in UAV‐assisted cognitive network
Authors: Han Huizhu , Huang Yangchao , Hu Hang , Pan Yu , An Qi , Liu Shihao , Zhao Senhao
Published: June 2022

This paper studies unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐assisted cognitive network, where the UAV can improve the communication quality of edge users. Short packet communication (SPC) is widely used due to its low delay transmission characteristic. Unlike long packet communication in conventional wireless networks, SPC has a non‐negligible packet error rate and its data transmission rate is less than Shannon capacity. Considering the fact that the UAV is usually powered by battery, the energy efficiency (EE) maximisation problem is investigated based on short packet transmission in the UAV‐assisted cognitive network. Firstly, the closed‐form expression of EE is analysed, and then the optimisation problem is formulated by jointly optimising the spectrum sensing time, packet error rate, the flight speed, and the coverage range of UAV. Secondly, the optimisation problem is solved by dividing it into four subproblems. Then, an efficient iterative algorithm is proposed to tackle this problem. Simulation results show that the proposed optimisation scheme can evidently improve the EE performance compared with other benchmark schemes. In addition, the proposed joint optimisation algorithm not only has better convergence than exhaustive method, but also has higher stability than PSO algorithm.
Adaptive neural control of non‐linear fractional order multi‐agent systems in the presence of error constraints and input saturation
Authors: Mohammadzamani Fatemeh , Hashemi Mahnaz , Shahgholian Ghazanfar
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a tracking control problem for fractional order multi‐agent systems in the presence of uncertainties. The study takes into account the problems of error constraints, saturated inputs and transient response suitability. Because of the existing challenges, a neural adaptive control approach is used in this study. Fractional order multi‐agent systems are investigated with uncertainty in the presence of error constraints. A controller is designed on the basis of adaptive control and dynamic surface control. As a result, the control objective of pursuing the desired output is achieved in the presence of required constraints. The effective performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated by simulation using MATLAB software.
Method of railway shunting operation sheet information extraction guided by table header
Authors: Zhang Bingjie , Huang Shize , Zhang Lei , Liu Xiaowen , Song Guanqun , Qin Jinzhe , Li Man
Published: June 2022

The railway shunting operation sheet is the written plan of the shunting operation. In the current shunting operation preparation process, signalmen must input the plans manually for subsequent execution, which is inefficient and at risk of misoperation. Here, an information extraction method is proposed to convert shunting operation sheet images to readable instructions for Continuous Train Control (CTC) systems. First, the shunting operation sheet images are preprocessed to facilitate subsequent text recognition based on the Paddle OCR model. Second, the table is located and reconstructed with the results of recognized contents and coordinates of texts. Then, the results of the table reconstruction were optimized based on the tabulation rules of shunting operation. Finally, tabular texts containing structural and attribute information are transcribed into eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format, which can be read automatically by CTC systems based on the C programming language. The proposed approach was evaluated on real‐world samples, and the results showed that the comprehensive accuracy of information extraction was 0.85. Furthermore, a pre‐processing combination strategy was established to improve the accuracy and generalizability of the proposed method.
Experimental and first‐principles investigations on g‐C3N4/ZnS heterostructures with enhanced photocatalyst capability
Authors: Wang Yunting , Qiao Qing‐an , Cai Honglan , Jin Juan , Gao Hongwei , Xu Yanbin
Published: June 2022

g‐C3N4 was employed as a modified substance for modification engineering of wurtzite‐ZnS photocatalysts to overcome its limited light response and stability. The g‐C3N4/ZnS (CNZS) photocatalyst was synthesized by solvothermal reaction of g‐C3N4, thiourea and zinc acetate. The results show that wurtzite‐ZnS spheres were loaded on the surface of g‐C3N4 with well uniformed size. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was determined by the degradation of MB and Rh.B under visible light. The degradation rates of Rh.B and MB by CNZS were 96% and 97%, much better than that of pure ZnS. The addition of g‐C3N4 promoted the visible light response of wurtzite‐ZnS and inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electrons with holes. The density functional theory (DFT) results indicated that the components of both valence band and conductive band were changed for the CNZS system. Compared to pure ZnS, the band gap of CNZS was decreased about 0.5 eV, and the work function calculations were in good agreement with the experimental results. As a result, the heterostructure of CNZS made it beneficial to the electron transfer from g‐C3N4(2p of N) to ZnS (3p of S) and absorption edge has been extended to about 600 nm.
Enhanced dynamic performance in DC–DC converter‐PMDC motor combination through an intelligent non‐linear adaptive control scheme
Authors: Nizami Tousif Khan , Chakravarty Arghya , Mahanta Chitralekha , Iqbal Atif , Hosseinpour Alireza
Published: June 2022

A novel neuro‐adaptive control scheme is proposed in the context of angular velocity tracking in DC–DC buck converter driven permanent magnet DC motor system. The controller builds upon the idea of backstepping and consists of a fast single hidden layer Hermite neural network (HNN) module equipped with on‐board (adaptive) learning to counteract the unknown non‐linear time‐varying load torque and to ensure nominal tracking performance. The HNN has a simple structure and exhibits promising speed and accuracy in estimating dynamic variations in the unknown load torque apart from being computationally efficient. The proposed method guarantees a rapid recovery of nominal angular velocity tracking under parametric and non‐parametric uncertainties. In order to verify the performance of the proposed neuro‐adaptive speed controller, extensive experimentation has been conducted in the laboratory under various real‐time scenarios. Results are obtained for start‐up, time‐varying angular velocity tracking and under the influence of highly non‐linear unknown load torque. The performance metrics such as peak undershoot/overshoot and settling time are computed to quantify the transient response behaviour. The results clearly substantiate theoretical propositions and demonstrate an enhanced dynamic speed tracking under a wide operating regime, thus confirming the suitability of proposed method for fast industrial applications.
Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission
Authors: Yusuf Noorazian Md , Zulkefli Jannah , Jiram Adela Ida , Vythilingam Indra , Hisam Shamilah , Devi Renuka , Salehhuddin Afiqah , Ali Nurulshuhada Md , Isa Maccallyster , Alias Norwahida , Ogu salim Nurhainis , Aziz Adli Abd , Sulaiman Lokman Hakim
Published: June 2022

Macaques, Macaca fascicularis, are a known reservoir of Plasmodium knowlesi, the agent of simian malaria which is the predominant zoonotic species affecting humans in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. Recently, a naturally acquired human infection of another simian malaria parasite, P. cynomolgi has been reported. Thus, it is crucial to study the distribution of simian Plasmodium infections with particular attention to the macaques. Four hundred and nineteen (419) long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were trapped in selected areas where human cases of P. knowlesi and P. cynomolgi have been reported. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to identify the Plasmodium spp., and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) genes of P. knowlesi samples were sequenced. Plasmodium cynomolgi infection was shown to be the most prevalent among the macaque population (68.4%). Although 50.6% of analyzed samples contained single infections either with P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui, P. coatneyi, or P. fieldi, mixed infections with double, triple, quadruple, and all 5 species were also detected. Infection with P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi were the highest among Malaysian macaques in areas where humans and macaques are in close contact. The risk of zoonotic infection in these areas needs to be addressed since the number of zoonotic malaria cases is on the rise. With the elimination of human malaria, the risk of humans being infected with simian malaria is very high and steps should be taken to mitigate this issue.
Umsetzung von Testung, Diagnostik und Behandlung der Hepatitis C in
Einrichtungen der niedrigschwelligen Drogenhilfe in Deutschland – eine
Querschnittsbefragung
Authors: Schulte Bernd , Jacobsen Britta , Kuban Maria , Kraus Ludwig , Reimer Jens , Schmidt Christiane Sybille , Schäffer Dirk
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund Einrichtungen der Aids- und Drogenhilfe bieten einen
niedrigschwelligen Zugang für Menschen mit injizierendem und anderen
Drogenkonsumformen und spielen somit eine zentrale Rolle für die
Eindämmung von Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Infektionen in dieser
Hochrisikogruppe. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Versorgungsleistungen sowie
Barrieren von HCV-spezifischen Maßnahmen in Einrichtungen der Aids- und
Drogenhilfe mit niedrigschwelligen Angeboten in Deutschland zu beschreiben.

Methode Die Querschnittsbefragung adressierte Einrichtungsstrukturen,
Verfügbarkeit von HCV-spezifischen Maßnahmen
(Prävention, Testung, Diagnostik, Therapie), strukturelle,
einrichtungsbezogene und patient:innenbezogene Barrieren. Die Vergabe von
Konsumutensilien wurde als Kriterium für die Auswahl von Einrichtungen
mit einem niedrigschwelligen Zugang für Menschen mit injizierendem und
anderen Drogenkonsumformen herangezogen. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte deskriptiv,
indem Einrichtungen anhand ihrer Merkmale zusammengefasst, beschrieben und
analysiert wurden.

Ergebnisse Von 380 kontaktierten Einrichtungen gingen Antworten von 135
Einrichtungen mit einer Vergabe von Konsumutensilien in die Auswertung ein. Der
Großteil der Einrichtungen bot Informationen zu „Safer
Use“ (98,5%) und Beratungen zu HCV (87,4%) an. Etwa
28% der Einrichtungen verfügten über
HCV-Antikörper bzw. Schnelltestangebote. 40% bzw. 64,4%
aller Einrichtungen gaben an, dass Klient:innen mit einem positiven
Antikörpertestergebnis bzw. mit einer entsprechenden Diagnose
(z. B. chronische HCV-Infektion) in die medizinische Versorgung
weitervermittelt werden können. Als Hauptbarrieren für eine
verbesserte Umsetzung von HCV-spezifischen Maßnahmen wurden
ungenügende Finanzierung und klient:innenbezogene Barrieren
(z. B. mangelnde Zuverlässigkeit) genannt.

Schlussfolgerungen Während Maßnahmen zur
HCV-Prävention integraler Bestandteil der niedrigschwelligen Drogenhilfe
sind, ist die Verfügbarkeit und Inanspruchnahme von HCV-Test- und
Versorgungsangeboten für Menschen mit injizierendem und anderen
Drogenkonsumformen so gering, dass dies nicht ausreicht, um HCV-Infektionen in
dieser Hochrisikogruppe signifikant einzudämmen. Neben einer
ausreichenden Finanzierung sind klient:innenbezogene Maßnahmen zur
Verbesserung der Inanspruchnahme der Angebote notwendig.
Cellular Homeostasis and Repair in the Biliary Tree
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Dongfeng , Wang Jun , Wen Liangzhi
Published: June 2022

During biliary tree homeostasis, BECs are largely in a quiescent state and their turnover is slow for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. BTSCs continually replenish new BECs in the luminal surface of EHBDs. In response to various types of biliary injuries, distinct cellular sources, including HPCs, BTSCs, hepatocytes, and BECs, repair or regenerate the injured bile duct. BEC, biliary epithelial cell; BTSC, biliary tree stem/progenitor cell; EHBD, extrahepatic bile ducts; HPC, hepatic progenitor cell.

The biliary tree comprises intrahepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts lined with epithelial cells known as biliary epithelial cells (BECs). BECs are a common target of various cholangiopathies for which there is an unmet therapeutic need in clinical hepatology. The repair and regeneration of biliary tissue may potentially restore the normal architecture and function of the biliary tree. Hence, the repair and regeneration process in detail, including the replication of existing BECs, expansion and differentiation of the hepatic progenitor cells and biliary tree stem/progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of the hepatocytes, should be understood. In this paper, we review biliary tree homeostasis, repair, and regeneration and discuss the feasibility of regenerative therapy strategies for cholangiopathy treatment.
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma with Failed Response to Induction Chemotherapy
Authors: Papazian Michael R. , Gordon Alex J. , Chow Michael , Patel Aneek , Pacione Donato , Lieberman Seth , Givi Babak
Published: June 2022

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rapidly growing malignancy with a propensity for extensive local invasion. Multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is the standard approach to treatment, but the optimal sequence and combination of these modalities are uncertain. Induction chemotherapy is being increasingly utilized based on recent reports that show better outcomes for patients who respond to chemotherapy and the ability to determine further course of treatment. We present a unique case of a patient with locally advanced SNUC that did not respond to induction chemotherapy and a review of the available literature relating to the management of this rare malignancy.
Microwave-Assisted, Metal-Free, Chemoselective N-Formylation of Amines using 2-Formyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium Iodide and In Situ Synthesis of Benzimidazole and Isocyanides
Authors: Thimmegowda Naraganahalli R. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Jagadeesha Gullahalli S. , Mantelingu Kempegowda
Published: June 2022

An efficient, environmentally benign, chemoselective, microwave-assisted N-formylation protocol of aromatic, aliphatic, alicyclic, benzylic amines, inactivated aromatic amines and sterically demanding heterocyclic amines using 2-formyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium iodide has been developed. This affords a series of N-substituted formamides with good to excellent yields (23 examples, 53–96% yield) and can be readily scaled. The methodology can be further extended to synthesize benzimidazole and isocyanide derivatives.
Epidemiological Risk Factors of Suicidal Behavior and Effects of the Components of Coping Strategies on Suicidal Behavior in Medical Students: A North-Indian Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Garg Sunny , Chauhan Alka , Singh Sanjeet , Bansal Kirti
Published: June 2022

Background Mental stresses and adoption of poor coping strategies can be a cause of suicidal behavior in medical students.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior among medical students

Methodology An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a college located in North India for a period of 2 months from February to March 2021. A total of 531 study participants (calculated sample size) were selected, and then allocated proportionally to each academic year, both through stratified random sampling technique. Then, the participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and coping inventory. A pretest was done to modify the coping inventory and then exploratory factor analysis was performed on it to classify the components of coping strategies. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors and their association with suicidal behavior.

Results A total of 104 (19.6%) respondents had reported SBQ-R cutoff score > 7 and had suicidal behavior. The rate of lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt was 20.3, 10.3, and 2.3%, respectively, among medical students, with 1-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 33%. The mean age of the participants was 21.26 years (standard deviation = 1.99). The identified risk factors significantly associated with higher suicidal behavior were depression (odds ratio [OR] = 9.6), dissatisfaction with academic performances (OR = 4.9), and coping with mental disengagement (OR = 4.6), while coping with supportive strategies (OR = 0.57) was investigated as a preventive factor for the suicidal behavior.

Conclusion The prevalence of suicidal behavior is found to be highly alarming, revealing that depression and poor coping strategies are risk factors among medical students. The analysis recommends that quantification of the problems, treatment at an early stage, and proactive student counseling to help them embrace the appropriate coping strategies, should be the first steps in prevention of suicidal behavior.
Solid Phase Assays for Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Devreese Katrien M.J.
Published: June 2022

The diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) relies on the detection of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Currently, lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) IgG or IgM are the laboratory criteria if persistently present over time. As aCL and aβ2GPI are two out of the three laboratory criteria, the detection of aPL by solid phase assays is an essential step in the diagnosis of APS. Advancement has been made to resolve some of the methodological challenges of aCL and aβ2GPI assays by providing guidelines how to measure aPL, as well as to gain a better understanding of their diagnostic role. However, solid phase assays for aCL and aβ2GPI still show substantive inter-assay differences, resulting in disagreement concerning positive/negative results, but also differences in titer of antibodies. This hampers the semiquantitative classification into low-medium-high positivity. The non-criteria aPL, such as antibodies against the domain one of β2GPI and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) have roles in confirming the risk in APS, and can be useful, especially in patients with incomplete antibody profiles.
Dorsal Wrist Ganglion: Pilot for Randomized Control Trial Comparing Aspiration Alone or Combined with Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Hamlin Katharine , Haddon Alexandra , Khan Yasmeen , Miller Clare , Lawrie David
Published: June 2022

This pilot study assessed the feasibility of performing a randomized control trial (RCT) investigating injection with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for dorsal wrist ganglion (DWG). Aspiration alone was compared with aspiration plus injection of PRP. Seventeen patients were enrolled. Nine patients received PRP and eight aspiration alone. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks and 1 year; recurrence of the ganglion and Patient Evaluation Measure scores were measured. At 6 weeks seven patients in the aspiration group had a recurrence and five in the PRP group, but by 1 year, this has increased to seven out of eight in the PRP group whereas in the aspiration group four had resolved leaving three out of eight patients with a ganglion still present. From the basis of our work an RCT would require a minimum of 46 patients per group; however, it is unlikely that PRP will be a panacea for ganglia. This is a Level II study.
Leveraging Social Networks for the Assessment and Management of Neurological Patients
Authors: Dhand Amar , Podury Archana , Choudhry Niteesh , Narayanan Shrikanth , Shin Min , Mehl Matthias R.
Published: June 2022

Social networks are the persons surrounding a patient who provide support, circulate information, and influence health behaviors. For patients seen by neurologists, social networks are one of the most proximate social determinants of health that are actually accessible to clinicians, compared with wider social forces such as structural inequalities. We can measure social networks and related phenomena of social connection using a growing set of scalable and quantitative tools increasing familiarity with social network effects and mechanisms. This scientific approach is built on decades of neurobiological and psychological research highlighting the impact of the social environment on physical and mental well-being, nervous system structure, and neuro-recovery. Here, we review the biology and psychology of social networks, assessment methods including novel social sensors, and the design of network interventions and social therapeutics.
Vascular Manifestations of Tuberculous Meningitis: MR Angiography and Venography Study
Authors: Naik Suprava , Bhoi Sanjeev Kumar , Deep Nerbadyswari , Mohakud Sudipta , Mishra Baijayantimala , Dey Anupam , Kumar Rajesh , Saharia Gautom Kumar , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) angiography (MRA) and venography (MRV) findings in tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

Methods Thirty consecutive patients of clinically diagnosed TBM were enrolled. Apart from T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), diffusion-weighted imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and postcontrast T1WI, time-of-flight (TOF) MRA and postcontrast MRV were done in all the patients. MRV was done after intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent followed by postcontrast T1WI. MRA and MRV findings were analyzed.

Results Mean age of the patients was 33.13 ± 14.93 years. Duration of symptom was 34.90 ± 33.82 (range: 10–150) days. Out of 30 patients, 11 were categorized as definite TBM and 19 probable TBM. Eighteen (60%) were grade I, 7 (23%) grade II, and 5 (16%) grade III TBM based on severity. MR abnormalities were in varying combinations of leptomeningeal enhancement in 24 (80%), pachymeningeal in 2, both in 3, tuberculomas in 13 (43.3%), ventriculitis in 1, hydrocephalus in 16 (53.3%), and infarcts in 10 (33.3%) patients out of which the tubercular zone infarct in 9 patients. TOF MRA showed arterial abnormality in 13 patients. Anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery have commonly involved vessels. Dural sinus thrombosis was noted in two patients. Both were female. One patient had subacute thrombus in the posterior part of superior sagittal sinus, left transverse sinus, and proximal right transverse sinus. The second patient had a filling defect in the transverse sinus.

Conclusion In TBM, there is predominant arterial involvement causing infarcts which are usually seen in the tubercular zone. However, occasionally, there may be venous involvement causing cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Building the quantum communication networks of the future
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: June 2022

Turning young, but promising, technologies into a full-fledged quantum internet requires careful planning and foresight.
Electric field dependence of thermal conductivity in bulk systems and nanosystems with charged mobile defects
Authors: Saluto Lidia , Restuccia Liliana , Jou David
Published: June 2022

In systems with charged mobile defects, application of an external electric field modifies the spatial distribution of defects. We obtain the corresponding dependence of the thermal conductivity on the electric field due to the redistribution of defects, both in bulk systems (heat transfer described by Fourier’s law) and in nanosystems (heat transfer described by phonon hydrodynamics). We consider the electric field transverse to the heat flux as well as the electric field parallel to the heat flux; in the latter case, we consider a superlattice composed of alternating layers with defects and without defects. For transverse electric fields, the effective thermal conductivity is increased in bulk systems and decreased in nanosystems. This dependence on the field would allow us to control heat transport in an easy and reversible way without modifying the material.
Significantly reduced secondary electron emission from silver/carbon composite films for microwave devices
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Sun Xuan , Hu Tiancun , Bai He , He Yun , Yang Jing , Cui Wanzhao , Hu Zhongqiang , Liu Ming
Published: June 2022

The micro-discharge effect is a failure mechanism that often appeared in space microwave devices under vacuum conditions, such as RF (radio frequency) cavity, RF satellite missile, and antenna launching communication system. How to control micro-discharge effectively and simply has become a research hotspot. In this paper, we have prepared a series of doping silver (Ag)/carbon (C) composite films by double target magnetron sputtering technology and have significantly reduced the maximum secondary electron emission coefficient (δmax) from 2.522 to 1.04 when the doping ratio of Ag/C is 1.345. Theoretically, the continuous increase of sp2 hybrid bond content tuned by the existing Ag nanoparticles has a greater contribution to the conductivity and inhibition of secondary electron emission in the Ag/C composite films. Meanwhile, the gradually emerged “multi-trap” surface structure with the increase of Ag doping content has further increased the collision between excited secondary electrons and free electrons, achieving an obvious inhibition effect. The results demonstrate that secondary electron emission can be suppressed effectively by tuning the structural feature of two kinds of compounded materials with low δmax. It is of great significance in physical mechanism analysis and design of the new doping process.
Programmable micro-transfer-printing for heterogeneous material integration
Authors: Wang Yunda , Solberg Scott , Lu JengPing , Wang Qian , Chang Norine , Schwartz David , Chintapalli Mahati
Published: June 2022

Micro-transfer printing is an emerging assembly technique to deterministically transfer ink comprising micro-/nano-objects from a donor substrate to a receiver substrate. This technique has generated increasing interest over the last decade due to its unique capability of integrating diverse heterogeneous materials into various structures and layouts. The growing number of applications enabled by micro-transfer printing includes flexible electronics, sensors, photovoltaics, and micro-LED displays. This work presents a micro-transfer printing approach, which relies on thermally induced adhesion modulation of shape memory polymer materials. An individually addressable micro-fabricated resistive heater array is used to locally deliver the heat for transfer pixel actuation. Selectively transferring chips from a closely packed microchip donor array (pitch: 100 µm, size: 50 × 50 µm2) is demonstrated. The transfer head can be dynamically configured to assemble micro-objects in arbitrary patterns, allowing digital manufacturing, object sorting, or in-line assembly correction of defects. These capabilities, together with the simple and robust structure of the transfer head, can enable high process scalability and flexibility for heterogeneous material integration.
Multifunctional blazed gratings for multiband spatial filtering, retroreflection, splitting, and demultiplexing based on C2 symmetric photonic crystals
Authors: Serebryannikov Andriy E. , Skigin Diana C. , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: June 2022

The concept of multifunctional reflection-mode gratings that are based on rod-type photonic crystals (PhCs) with C2 symmetry is introduced. The specific modal properties lead to the vanishing dependence of the first-negative-order maximum on the angle of incidence and the nearly sinusoidal redistribution of the incident-wave energy between zero order (specular reflection) and first negative diffraction order (deflection) at frequency variation. These features are key enablers of diverse functionalities and the merging of different functionalities into one structure. The elementary functionalities, of which multifunctional scenarios can be designed, include but are not restricted to multiband spatial filtering, multiband splitting, retroreflection, and demultiplexing. The proposed structures are capable of multifunctional operation in the case of a single polychromatic incident wave or multiple mono-/polychromatic waves incident at different angles. The generalized demultiplexing is possible in the case of several polychromatic waves. The aforementioned deflection properties yield merging demultiplexing with splitting in one functionality. In turn, it may contribute to more complex multifunctional scenarios. Finally, the proposed PhC gratings are studied in transmissive configuration, in which they show some unusual properties.
Uncertainty and certainty: perceptions and experiences of prediabetes in New Zealand primary care – a qualitative study
Authors: McKinlay Eileen , Hilder Jo , Hood Fiona , Morgan Sonya , Barthow Christine , Gray Ben , Huthwaite Mark , Weatherall Mark , Crane Julian , Krebs Jeremy , Pullon Sue
Published: June 2022

Introduction Prediabetes is the asymptomatic precursor to type two diabetes mellitus, a significant and growing public health problem in New Zealand (NZ). Little is known about how general practitioners (GPs) and nurses view prediabetes care, and similarly little is known about how people with prediabetes view their condition and care. Aim This study aimed to investigate the views of NZ GPs and nurses, and people with prediabetes about prediabetes and its management. Methods This was a mixed qualitative methods study that is part of a randomised control trial of a prediabetes intervention. Results Three key themes emerged from the health professional data (GPs and nurses) and another three themes emerged from people with prediabetes data. GPs and nurses were uncertain about the progression of prediabetes; they felt prediabetes was not a priority and they were unsure about what to advise. People with prediabetes were uncertain about the diagnosis and information given to them; they were unsure about what to do about prediabetes and they found lifestyle change hard. Discussion GPs, nurses and people with prediabetes, expressed much uncertainty, but also some certainty about prediabetes. All were certain that prediabetes is common and increasing and that sustained lifestyle change was very difficult. But uncertainty prevailed about whether, in reality, prediabetes could be stopped, who would be most likely to benefit from lifestyle interventions and how best to achieve these. Older Māori and Pacific women were keen to promote lifestyle change and this appeared best done through Māori and Pacific peoples’ organisations by means of co-designed interventions.
Fast atomic structure optimization with on-the-fly sparse Gaussian process potentials
*
Authors: Hajibabaei Amir , Umer Muhammad , Anand Rohit , Ha Miran , Kim Kwang S
Published: June 2022

We apply on-the-fly machine learning potentials (MLPs) using the sparse Gaussian process regression (SGPR) algorithm for fast optimization of atomic structures. Great acceleration is achieved even in the context of a single local optimization. Although for finding the exact local minimum, due to limited accuracy of MLPs, switching to another algorithm may be needed. For random gold clusters, the forces are reduced to ∼0.1 eV Å−1 within less than ten first-principles (FP) calculations. Because of highly transferable MLPs, this algorithm is specially suitable for global optimization methods such as random or evolutionary structure searching or basin hopping. This is demonstrated by sequential optimization of random gold clusters for which, after only a few optimizations, FP calculations were rarely needed.
Surface nanopatterning of amorphous gallium oxide thin film for enhanced solar-blind photodetection
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Vashishtha Pargam , Gupta Govind , Sarkar Subhendu , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Gallium oxide is an ultra-wide band gap semiconductor (E
g > 4.4 eV), best suited intrinsically for the fabrication of solar-blind photodetectors. Apart from its crystalline phases, amorphous Ga2O3 based solar-blind photodetector offer simple and facile growth without the hassle of lattice matching and high temperatures for growth and annealing. However, they often suffer from long response times which hinders any practical use. Herein, we report a simple and cost-effective method to enhance the device performance of amorphous gallium oxide thin film photodetector by nanopatterning the surface using a broad and low energy Ar+ ion beam. The ripples formed on the surface of gallium oxide thin film lead to the formation of anisotropic conduction channels along with an increase in the surface defects. The defects introduced in the system act as recombination centers for the charge carriers bringing about a reduction in the decay time of the devices, even at zero-bias. The fall time of the rippled devices, therefore, reduces, making the devices faster by more than 15 times. This approach of surface modification of gallium oxide provides a one-step, low cost method to enhance the device performance of amorphous thin films which can help in the realization of next-generation optoelectronics.
Equivariant bifurcation, quadratic equivariants, and symmetry breaking for the standard representation of S

k
Authors: Arjevani Yossi , Field Michael
Published: June 2022

Motivated by questions originating from the study of a class of shallow student-teacher neural networks, methods are developed for the analysis of spurious minima in classes of gradient equivariant dynamics related to neural networks. In the symmetric case, methods depend on the generic equivariant bifurcation theory of irreducible representations of the symmetric group on k symbols, S

k
; in particular, the standard representation of S

k
. It is shown that spurious minima (non-global local minima) do not arise from spontaneous symmetry breaking but rather through a complex deformation of the landscape geometry that can be encoded by a generic S

k
-equivariant bifurcation. We describe minimal models for forced symmetry breaking that give a lower bound on the dynamic complexity involved in the creation of spurious minima when there is no symmetry. Results on generic bifurcation when there are quadratic equivariants are also proved; this work extends and clarifies results of Ihrig & Golubitsky and Chossat, Lauterbach & Melbourne on the instability of solutions when there are quadratic equivariants.