bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiling of human pancreatic islets at basal and stimulatory conditions nominates mechanisms of type 1 diabetes genetic risk
Authors: Albanus Ricardo D’Oliveira , Tang Xuming , Taylor Henry J. , Manickam Nandini , Erdos Michael , Narisu Narisu , Han Yuling , Orchard Peter , Varshney Arushi , Liu Chengyang , Naji Ali ,   HPAP Consortium, Collins Francis S. , Chen Shuibing , Parker Stephen C. J.
Published: November 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of pancreatic islet beta cells. The mechanisms of T1D genetic risk remain poorly understood. Here, we present a multi-omic integrative study of single-cell/nucleus molecular profiles of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the same biological samples from healthy and beta cell autoantibody+(AAB+) human pancreatic islets to characterize mechanisms of islet-mediated T1D genetic risk. We additionally performed single-cell/nucleus multi-omic profiling of healthy islets under two stimulatory conditions used asin vitromodels of T1D (cytokine cocktail and CVB4 infection) to evaluate how environmental exposures recapitulate multi-omic signatures of T1D. In total, we analyzed 121,272 cells/nuclei across 34 libraries, identifying 10 distinct cell types. We identified cell-type-specific and disease-associatedcis-regulatory elements and nominated likely target genes. We provide evidence that T1D genetic risk is mediated through multiple pancreatic cell populations, including islet endocrine cells (beta, alpha, gamma, and delta), exocrine acinar and ductal cells, and immune cells. Finally, we identified three independent T1D risk variants acting through pancreatic islet endocrine cells at theTOX, RASGRP1, andDLK1/MEG3loci. Together, this work improves our understanding of how non-coding genetic variants encode T1D risk through a complex interplay of different cell types in the pancreas.
Rates of Event Capture of Ambulatory Video EEG
Authors: Nurse Ewan S. , Hannon Timothy , Wong Victoria , Fernandes Kiran M. , Cook Mark J.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Recording electrographic and behavioral information during epileptic and other paroxysmal events is important during video EEG monitoring. This study was undertaken to measure the event capture rate of an ambulatory service operating across Australia using a shoulder-worn EEG device and telescopic pole-mounted camera.

Methods

Neurologist reports were accessed retrospectively. Studies with confirmed events were identified and assessed for event capture by recording modality, whether events were reported or discovered, and wakefulness.

Results

6,265 studies were identified, of which 2,788 (44.50%) had events. A total of 15,691 events were captured, of which 77.89% were reported. The EEG-ECG amplifier was active for 99.83% of events. The patient was in view of the camera for 94.90% of events. 84.89% of studies had all events on camera, and 2.65% had zero events on camera (mean=93.66%, median=100.00%). 84.42% of events from wakefulness were reported, compared to 54.27% from sleep.

Conclusion

Event capture was similar to previously reported rates from ambulatory studies, with higher capture rates on video. Most patients have all events captured on camera.

Significance

Ambulatory monitoring is capable of high rates of event capture, and the use of wide-angle cameras allows for all events to be captured in the majority of studies.

Highlights

A review was undertaken of an Australia-wide ambulatory video-EEG monitoring service

Patients were in view of camera for 94.90% of events, and 84.89% of studies had all events on camera

84.42% of events from wakefulness were reported, compared to 54.27% from sleep
Protocol for the PEACH in Asia Study: A Prospective Multinational Multicenter Observational Study on the Epidemiology of Severe Critical Events in Pediatric Anesthesia in Asia
Authors: Obara Soichiro , Bong Choon Looi , Kuratani Norifumi , Ustalar Ozgen Zehra Serpil , Seyedhejazi Mahin , Abbasi Shemila , Rai Ekta , Varghese Elsa , Villa Evangeline K , Batanes Teresita A , Ramlan Andi Ade W , Shariffuddin Ina Ismiarti , Teo Rufinah , Sriswasdi Patcharee , Nhoung Pheakdey , Yuen Vivian , Byon Hyo-Jin , Tan Josephine S K ,   Asian Society of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists (ASPA) research special interest group
Published: November 2022

Background

Despite significant advancements in pediatric anesthesia training and guidelines, the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing anesthesia in Asia remains under-researched. This knowledge gap is particularly pressing given the rare but life-threatening nature of such complications. While studies from high-income countries report a decline in pediatric anesthesia-related mortality, similar data from developing regions, including Asia, are sparse and suggest higher risks.

Objective

The Peri-anesthetic Morbidity in Children in Asia (PEACH in Asia) study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the incidence and risk factors associated with severe critical events in pediatric anesthesia across Asia. This multinational, multicenter, prospective observational study seeks to enhance understanding of pediatric anesthesia-related risks and variability in practices within the region.

Methods

The study will enroll children aged birth to 15 years undergoing elective or urgent diagnostic or surgical procedures requiring sedation or general anesthesia, with or without regional analgesia. Data collection will focus on severe critical events occurring during and up to 60 minutes post-anesthesia, including laryngospasm, bronchospasm, pulmonary aspiration, drug errors, anaphylaxis, cardiovascular instability, neurological damage, cardiac arrest, and post-anesthetic stridor. The study will also capture patient demographics, medical history, and procedural details to identify potential risk factors.

Results

The pilot phase of the PEACH in Asia study, conducted from May to June 2023, included 330 patients from ten institutions across nine countries. Preliminary findings revealed a severe critical event incidence rate of 12.4% [95% CI: 9.2-16.4]. Based on these results, the main study plans to recruit approximately 10,958 children across 15 to 30 Asian countries to achieve robust statistical power and refine risk factor identification.

Conclusion

The PEACH in Asia study represents a critical step towards understanding and mitigating the risks associated with pediatric anesthesia in Asia. By providing data-driven insights into the incidence of severe critical events and regional variations in anesthesia practices, this study aims to inform and improve pediatric anesthesia protocols across the continent.
Off-Vertical Body Orientation Delays the Perceived Onset of Visual Motion
Authors: Chung William , Barnett-Cowan Michael
Published: November 2022

The integration of vestibular, visual and body cues is a fundamental process in the perception of self-motion and is commonly experienced in an upright posture. However, when the body is tilted in an off-vertical orientation these signals are no longer aligned relative to the influence of gravity. In this study, sensory conflict with the vestibular signal was introduced by manipulating the orientation of the body, generating a mismatch between body and vestibular cues due to gravity in the perception of upright and creating an ambiguous vestibular signal of either head tilt or translation. In a series of temporal-order judgment tasks, participants reported the perceived onset of a visual scene simulating rotation around the yaw axis presented in virtual reality with a paired auditory tone while in an upright, supine and side recumbent body positions. The results revealed that the perceived onset of visual motion was further delayed from zero (i.e., true simultaneity between visual onset and a reference auditory tone) by approximately an additional 30ms when viewed in a supine or side recumbent orientation compared to an upright posture. There were also no significant differences in the timing estimates of the visual motion between all the non-upright orientations. This indicates that the perceived timing of visual motion is negatively impacted by the presence of conflict in the vestibular and body signals due to the direction of gravity and body orientation, even when the mismatch is not in the direct plane of the axis of rotation.
CHK1-CDC25A-CDK1 regulate cell cycle progression in early mouse embryos to protect genome integrity
Authors: Lucie Knoblochova , Tomas Duricek , Michaela Vaskovicova , Chrysoula Zorzompokou , Diana Rayova , Ivana Ferencova , Vladimir Baran , Schultz Richard M. , Hoffmann Eva R. , David Drutovic
Published: November 2022

After fertilization, remodeling of the oocyte and sperm genomes is essential to convert these highly differentiated non-dividing transcriptionally quiescent cells into early cleavage-stage transcriptionally active totipotent blastomeres. This developmental transition is accompanied by cell cycle adaptation such as lengthening or shortening of the gap phases G1 and G2. However, regulation of these cell cycle changes is poorly understood, especially in mammals. Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a protein kinase that regulates cell cycle progression in somatic cells. Here, we show that CHK1 regulates cell cycle progression in early mouse embryos by restraining CDK1 kinase activity due to CDC25A phosphatase degradation. CHK1 kinase also ensures the long G2 phase needed for genome activation and reprogramming gene expression in 2-cell stage mouse embryos. Last,Chk1depletion leads to DNA damage and chromosome segregation errors that result in aneuploidy and infertility.
Clinical care of patients with dual disorders in India: diverse models of care delivery
Authors: Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Ghosh Abhishek , Sarkar Siddharth , Mahadevan Jayant , Pal Arghya , Narasimha Venkata Lakshmi , Kattula Dheeraj , Prasad Sambhu , Parmar Arpit , Kathiresan Preethy , Basu Anirudha , Bhatia Gayatri , Shah Raghav , Dhagudu Naveen Kumar , Tripathi Richa , Bharadwaj Balaji
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to offer an overview of the models of clinical care of the patients with dual disorders in India.

Design/methodology/approach

All the members of the Dual Diagnosis India Network (DDIN) who shared the clinical care delivery at their center were invited to share the details of their model. In addition, an invite was also sent to those members who could not attend the online session but were interested in contributing the required information about their model. The information shared by the respondents was collated. The different models were then categorized based on their features.

Findings

Following the categorization of the clinical care services organization across different settings, five different models emerged. These were specialized dual diagnosis clinic; services for dual disorders offered as substance use disorder (SUD) treatment services within general psychiatry care; services for dual disorders in general psychiatry care; services for dual disorders offered as SUD treatment services separated from general psychiatry care; and services for dual disorders offered in general psychiatry services combined with exclusive SUD treatment services.

Originality/value

Currently, there is limited literature on models of dual disorders from the low- and middle-income countries. The authors believe that the documentation of these models from India shall be of help while setting up services for dual disorders in other health-care settings. This study can be a valuable resource for making informed choices while setting up new services.
Entrepreneurship as a multidisciplinary phenomenon: culture and individual perceptions in business creation
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Sofía Louise
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Entrepreneurship is presented as a vehicle for innovation and social development. Given the importance of entrepreneurship, the objective of this study was to analyze the psychological and sociological dimensions by determining the factors that explain individual perceptions and cultural support for entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data obtained from the Adult Population Survey (APS) (N = 2,500) in the region of Andalusia (Spain), a quantitative analysis was carried out, specifically a multivariate analysis based on four-stage linear regressions.

Findings

The variables examined do not explain the psychological and sociological dimensions to the same extent. The results highlight the existence of cultural homogeneity between provinces, the importance of sociodemographic variables and the influence of the entrepreneurial expectations and experiences of the population, especially in shaping individual perceptions towards entrepreneurship.

Research limitations/implications

The replication of the study at the national and international levels is proposed in order to delve deeper into the cultural differences that condition entrepreneurship. Including new variables associated with entrepreneurial human capital could also be of interest.

Practical implications

The results can help to improve the design and implementation of policies and programs aimed at fostering entrepreneurship through the promotion of favorable individual perceptions and entrepreneurial culture.

Originality/value

The originality of this study is the consideration of individual perceptions and cultural support for entrepreneurship as dependent variables, since they are normally incorporated as explanatory factors. The results contribute to the advancement of knowledge of the entrepreneurial phenomenon through two approaches, psychological and sociological.
Determinants factors of the performance of metallurgical companies in Northern Portugal: new evidence using panel data
Authors: Neves Maria Elisabete , Castanheira Paulo , Dias António , Silva Rui , Cancela Beatriz
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The main goal of this paper is to study the specific characteristics of the performance of companies in the metallurgical sector, in the northern region of Portugal.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this aim, the authors have used data from 325 companies manufacturing metal products, except machinery and equipment (CAE Rev.3 25) and 27 companies that manufacture machinery and equipment (CAE Rev. 3 28). The models were estimated by using the panel data methodology for the period between 2011 and 2019. Specifically, the estimation method of the generalized method of moments system (GMM system) proposed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998) was used.

Findings

The results show that the main decisions on the performance of metallurgical companies in Northern Portugal depend on the dimensions of sales in the domestic market (SDM), sales in the community market (SCM), and sales in the foreign market (SFM) and also highlight that the signal and significance of the specific variables depends on how the different stakeholders understand performance.

Originality/value

As far as the authors know, this is the first study to comparatively analyze the two metallurgical databases in Portugal. Despite the huge difference in the size of the sample, this study’s results show that in an era of paradigm shift about what business objectives should be, stakeholders are still not environmentally aware and the social dimension is only considered by shareholders, but not yet by the manager and the general community.
Hospitality order cancellation prediction from a profit-driven perspective
Authors: Liu Zhenkun , Jiang Ping , Wang Jianzhou , Du Zhiyuan , Niu Xinsong , Zhang Lifang
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study/paper aims to reach the core objective of hospitality order cancellation prediction (HOCP), that is, to identify potential cancellers from many customer bases, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of customer retention campaigns. However, few studies have focused on predicting hospitality order cancellation.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel profit-driven model for predicting hospitality order cancellation is proposed to bridge this research gap. The authors construct profit-driven extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) based on a grid search on HOCP to maximize profit by selecting optimal hyperparameters of XGBoost.

Findings

Real-world data set is analyzed, and the proposed model yields more profits than other predictive models. Sensitivity analysis proves that the proposed model is robust to the key hyperparameter and application scenario. Furthermore, some preventive measures based on visual analysis results are provided to reduce the cancelled probability of orders.

Research limitations/implications

This research will help hotel managers to transfer the modeling goal to profit orientation and encourage relevant researchers to interpret the prediction results of models for hotel order cancellation prediction in a post hoc manner. Besides, the proposed model can be applied to various enterprises with different average order profits and help managers optimize revenue management.

Originality/value

This research expands the relevant literature and offers guidance for predicting hospitality order cancellation from a profit-driven perspective at the customer level. The proposed model can provide macro-control to hotel managers and obtain the most satisfactory profits in micro-control.
Leveraging supply chain disruption orientation for resilience: the roles of supply chain risk management practices and analytics capability
Authors: Liu Hua , Wei Shaobo
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Building on the information processing perspective, the authors propose that both internal and external supply chain risk management (SCRM) practices play essential roles in mediating supply chain disruption orientation (SCDO) to exercise an influence on resilience. The authors also put forward analytics capability as an important moderator in the above-mediated relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected 170 match-paired questionnaires from Chinese firms to test our model. The authors further interviewed some managers to supplement key quantitative results.

Findings

First, SCDO positively affects resilience via internal and external SCRM practices. Second, the mediating effects of internal and external SCRM practices are stronger when analytics capability is higher. Third, analytics capability positively moderates the positive effect of SCDO on SCRM practices. Meanwhile, it does not moderate the positive effect of SCRM practices on resilience.

Research limitations/implications

Our study contributes to SCRM-related and IT-related literature by considering the content, mediating mechanisms (i.e. internal and external SCRM practices) and boundary conditions (i.e. data analytic capability) of SCDO in shaping resilience in the digital supply chain.

Practical implications

Our study helps remind managers that firms build disruption orientation, develop different SCRM practices and leverage analytics capability to improve resilience amid unexpected and unplanned disruptions.

Originality/value

Our study sheds light on the roles of both internal and external SCRM practices. Furthermore, this research helps explain how SCDO motivates resilience through SCRM practices, particularly for those firms that have higher analytics capability.
Performance implications of the interaction between the accountants’ participation in strategic decision-making and accounting capacity
Authors: Bui Hung Quang , Hoai Tu Thanh , Tran Hoa Anh , Nguyen Nguyen Phong
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Based on the contingency theory and resource-based view, this study develops and tests a moderated mediation model explaining the performance implications of the interaction between the accountants’ participation in strategic decision-making (APAR) and accounting capacity (ACAP) in promoting the use of management accounting systems (MAS) toward enhancing firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, the authors tested the proposed model and its hypotheses with survey data from 340 large Vietnamese firms.

Findings

The results indicate that (1) MAS act as the full mediator in the positive relationship between APAR and firm performance, and (2) ACAP positively moderates the effect of APAR on the use of MAS.

Originality/value

This study bridges the gap between accounting and strategic management literature by elucidating the mechanism by which the involvement of accountants in strategic issues improves the use of MAS toward enhancing firm performance and increases the current understanding of ACAP as a boundary condition for this mechanism.
Impact of government responses to COVID-19 on the resilience of FDI attractiveness factors in the Asian region
Authors: Kammoun Souhaila , Ben Romdhane Youssra
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, the paper aims to determine the separate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and government actions represented by the index of stringency, containment and economic support on the attractiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI). Secondly, the paper aims to explore the impact of the interactions between the COVID-19 epidemic and government interventions on FDI.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a panel data set of 30 Asian countries during the two pandemic years 2020 and 2021 to investigate the effect of government actions on the resilience of FDI attractiveness factors.

Findings

The empirical results reveal the negative effect of COVID-19 on FDI inflows and attractiveness factors. However, government responses have a positive and statistically significant effect on the FDI attractiveness factors such as economic growth, trade openness and human and technological capital development and contribute to the economic recovery of the Asian region.

Practical implications

The empirical findings can provide useful information for policymakers in designing macroeconomic policies and taking government measures to improve their investment environment and attract FDI.

Originality/value

The study shows that government responses, economic support, containment and health policies are effective in containing viruses, reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and strengthening resilience in FDI attractiveness factors. It also indicates that foreign investors are responding positively to government measures.
Foreign earnings repatriation: the effect of exchange rate volatility and the risk of expropriation
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Ibrahim Haslindar , Khan Badal , Ahmed Riaz
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility and the risk of expropriation on the decision to repatriate foreign earnings.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study uses secondary data for foreign subsidiaries of US multinational corporations (MNCs) in 40 countries from 2004 to 2016. We use the dynamic panel difference generalised method of moments (GMM) to estimate the dynamic earnings repatriation model.

Findings

The findings show that foreign subsidiaries of US MNCs in countries with volatile exchange rates tend to repatriate more earnings to the parent company. The findings also reveal that a greater risk of expropriation in the host country leads to the higher repatriation of foreign earnings to the parent company. The findings support the notion that MNCs use the earnings repatriation policy as a means of mitigating risks arising in the host country.

Practical implications

Practical implications for modern managers include shedding light on how financial managers can use earnings repatriation policy to mitigate exchange rate risk and the risk of expropriation in the host country. The findings also contain policy implications at the host country level that how exchange rate volatility and risk of expropriation can reduce foreign investment in the host country.

Originality/value

This study adds to the earnings repatriation literature by analysing the direct effect of exchange rate volatility on earnings repatriation decisions, as opposed to the impact of the exchange rate itself, as suggested by previous research. Hence, the findings broaden our understanding of the direct influence of exchange rate volatility on the decision to repatriate foreign earnings. The present study also examines the role of the risk of expropriation in determining earnings repatriation policy, which has received little attention in prior empirical studies.
An in situ surface defect detection method based on improved you only look once algorithm for wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Wu Jun , Huang Cheng , Li Zili , Li Runsheng , Wang Guilan , Zhang Haiou
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a widely used advanced manufacturing technology. If the surface defects occurred during welding process cannot be detected and repaired in time, it will form the internal defects. To address this problem, this study aims to develop an in situ monitoring system for the welding process with a high-dynamic range imaging (HDR) melt pool camera.

Design/methodology/approach

An improved you only look once version 3 (YOLOv3) model was proposed for online surface defects detection and classification. In this paper, improvements were mainly made in the bounding box clustering algorithm, bounding box loss function, classification loss function and network structure.

Findings

The results showed that the improved model outperforms the Faster regions with convolutional neural network features, single shot multibox detector, RetinaNet and YOLOv3 models with mAP value of 98.0% and a recognition rate of 59 frames per second. And it was indicated that the improved YOLOv3 model satisfied the requirements of real-time monitoring well in both efficiency and accuracy.

Originality/value

Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv3 model can solve the problem of poor performance of traditional defect detection models and other deep learning models. And the proposed model can meet the requirements of WAAM quality monitoring.
Evaluation of smart village strategies and challenges
Authors: Renukappa Suresh , Suresh Subashini , Abdalla Wala , Shetty Nisha , Yabbati Nagaraju , Hiremath Rahul
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Rural communities around the world are searching for solutions to upkeep, restore and improve local services that are deteriorating. They are exploring the potential of a digital transition along with the opportunities and threats created by new patterns of mobility and closer links with urban areas. The expansion of information and communication technologies (ICT)-enhanced applications enables rural communities to improve their quality of life. The concept of smart village is primarily about how rural communities make the best use of both ICT and social innovation by responding to the ongoing and emerging challenges. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate strategies for adoption of smart villages along with the challenges faced.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research methodology was adopted in this research. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data. In total, 110 fully completed and useable questionnaires were received. Statistical analyses were undertaken using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

Findings

The results indicate that lack of budget, lack of clear strategies for development of sustainable “smart villages”, lack of collaboration between stakeholders and lack of knowledge related to “smart villages” are the most debated challenges for implementing smart village agenda. Whereas smart energy, smart healthcare, smart transport, smart education and smart water are the top five most important smart village strategies.

Research limitations/implications

Despite the novel insights provided by this study, it has some limitations. Given that the research reported in this paper is based on literature review and small-scale survey, results presented are only tentative and not generalisable. The findings of this paper are limited to the UK context only. Although generalisability outside of this context may be limited, the authors infer that the results are relevant to other comparable developed countries.

Originality/value

Research on smart village development is rare. This paper presents a theoretical basis on the concept of smart villages. It adds to the rich insight that goes into the understanding and awareness of the current smart village strategies along with the key challenges organisations encounter when implementing smart village initiatives. This research has implications towards informing professionals and policymakers on key lessons learnt during the implementation of smart village strategies. Also, this paper contributes to the academic debate on smart village development and provides useful recommendations to both policymakers and practitioners.
Plant and soil biodiversity is essential for supporting highly multifunctional forests during Mediterranean rewilding
Authors: Zhou Guiyao , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban , Liu Shengen , Hu Hang‐Wei , He Ji‐Zheng , Wang Xinxin , Jiang Zheng , Zhou Xuhui , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel
Published: November 2022

The multidimensional dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystem function during the rewilding of Mediterranean forests remain poorly understood, limiting our capacity to predict how future restoration efforts may help mitigate climate change.

Here, we investigated the changes in multiple dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystem services in a 120‐year forest succession after harvest to identify potential trade‐offs in multiple dimensions of ecosystem function, and further assess the link between above and below‐ground biodiversity and function.

We found a positive influence of successional age on not only multiple dimensions of biodiversity and function but also some important trade‐offs. Two ecosystem axes of function explained nearly 75.4% of functional variation during ecosystem rewilding. However, while the first axis increased with successional age promoting plant productivity and element stocks, the second axis followed a hump‐shaped relationship with age supporting important reductions in nutrient availability and pathogen control in old forests. Our study further revealed a significant positive relationship between plant and soil biodiversity with multiple elements of multifunctionality as forests develop. Moreover, the influence of plant and soil biodiversity were especially important to support a high number of function working at high levels of functioning.

Our work provides new insights on the patterns and functional trade‐offs in the multidimensional rewilding of forests and further highlights the importance of biodiversity for long‐term Mediterranean rewilding.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Spirituality and children: Perspectives of occupational therapists working with children
Authors: Leitao Jay , Nixon Jordyn , Noble Madison , Willock Taylor , Watts Lynelle , Waters Rebecca , Hatfield Megan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Spirituality is included as a core part of occupational therapy models, as it can enhance connectedness and belonging and provide meaning to occupations. However, research that has explored occupational therapists' perspectives on spirituality has found that a lack of education and understanding of the concept means that currently many therapists do not address it in their practice. Existing research focusses on adult clients, and there is no known published research that focusses on occupational therapists working with children and their views on spirituality in clinical practice. This study explored the perspectives of occupational therapists working with children on spirituality in their clinical practice with children.

Methods

This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Participants included 20 registered occupational therapists working with children in Australia. Data were collected using focus groups and interviews and analysed using thematic analysis to determine key themes.

Findings

Five themes were developed: (1) vagueness and subjectivity of spirituality, (2) overlapping characteristics of spirituality and religion, (3) indirect focus on spirituality, (4) differences in children's spirituality, and (5) outcomes of addressing spirituality.

Conclusion

Occupational therapists working with children report difficulty conceptualising spirituality and describing its role in clinical practice with children. Despite this, most suggested that spirituality is indirectly applied and has a role in improving the wellbeing of children. There is a need for exploration of how to directly support the use of spirituality in practice with children to further support holistic and family‐centred care.
Do Board Gender Quotas Generate Horizontal Spillovers?
Authors: Bongiovanni Alessio , De Vincentiis Paola , Guariglia Alessandra , Isaia Eleonora , Rossi Mariacristina
Published: November 2022

Using a panel of unlisted Italian banks over the period 2006–2018, we examine the extent to which a law that mandatorily introduced female quotas in the boards of Italian listed companies in 2012 had spillover effects on the boards of unlisted banks, which were not required to comply with the quota. Our results show that both the probability of having at least one woman on the board and the proportion of women on the boards of unlisted banks have been rising significantly after the passing of the law. These findings, which are robust to estimating different specifications and to using different estimation techniques, suggest that the quota law contributed to generating a fairer attitude towards women and, more in general, a change in social norms on gender equality. This may have, in turn, generated isomorphic pressures on unlisted banks, inducing them to mimic the board composition of their listed counterparts.
‘The girls are out there’: professional perspectives on potential changes in the diagnostic process for, and recognition of, autistic females in the UK
Authors: McLinden Hannah , Sedgewick Felicity
Published: November 2022

There is widely growing recognition of autism in girls, and both researchers and community members have called for improvements in the diagnostic process. What is not yet known is whether these recommendations are being taken up by professionals. In this study, nine semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a variety of professionals involved in the autism diagnostic process. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: gendered differences; lack of services; and informal change. Our study found that diagnostic professionals are aware of gender differences in presentation, and they make a range of informal adaptations to their processes for girls. While this is positive for those girls who interact with knowledgeable professionals, our data highlight the need for more systematic changes to ensure equality of access to diagnosis and post‐diagnostic support.
INSURGENT HERITAGE: Mobilizing Memory, Place‐based Care and Cultural Citizenships
Authors: Novoa Magdalena
Published: November 2022

Bridging critical heritage studies with insurgent planning theory, this article proposes the notion of ‘insurgent heritage’ to discuss heritage preservation's role in constructing urban citizenship in Latin America. Critical heritage scholars have pointed to the European dominant heritage discourse deployed worldwide that excludes subordinated voices in the production of heritage. The research has also illuminated alternative understandings of preservation that sit outside of or opposed to the state and the cultural elites’ concept of what should or should not be preserved. My use of insurgent heritage adds another layer of nuance to this body of work. It promotes a pluriversal perspective by building on Southern urbanisms, Latin American social collective action, and feminist scholarship. Inspired by ethnographic work with heritage grassroots organizations in Chile, this line of argument shows that communities’ local knowledge pushes against the practice of heritage preservation and planning by only sanctioned experts. Instead, by transgressing false dichotomies of informal and formal arenas of politics, insurgent heritage proposes multiple perspectives to envision alternative futures. It reframes grassroots heritage as a sociocultural process mediated by the interplay of memory‐work and the specifics of place as an ethical form of place‐based care that highlights the cultural dimension of citizenship.
Cash thresholds, cash expenditure and tax evasion
Authors: Russo Francesco Flaviano
Published: November 2022

Using data for Italy, I show that cash thresholds that forbid the use of cash for big transactions are effective tools to reduce cash income and cash circulation. Less cash income, in turn, hinders tax evasion. I present an estimate of the increase in tax revenue implied by the empirically estimated reduction of cash income determined by the thresholds.
Influence of a post‐processing heat treatment method on the textural properties of textured vegetable protein
Authors: Choi Hyun Woo , Lee You Young , Ryoo Chaerin , Yoon Hong Il , Hahn Jungwoo , Choi Young Jin
Published: November 2022

Textured vegetable protein (TVP) is gaining popularity as the market for meat analogues grows, but research on processing to improve the texture of TVPs is needed. Heat treatments can change the textural properties during the processing of meat and meat analogues. Therefore, this study analyzed the textural characteristics of low‐moisture TVPs following heat treatments using steaming, oven‐cooking, microwaving, and vacuum‐autoclaving, which combines vacuum packaging and autoclaving. The moisture content of the meat analogues had different patterns depending on the treatment used, with the most significant decrease in moisture occurred with microwaving. The morphological analysis of the meat analogues showed that oven‐cooking and microwaving preserved a large air–cell structure and that steaming and vacuum‐autoclaving caused a small air–cell structure to form. The texturization index tended to increase only with microwaving. Disulfide bonds were increased with steaming and vacuum‐autoclaving; this was thought to be related to the increase in tiny air–cell structures. In conclusion, the most helpful cooking method was vacuum‐autoclaving since it allowed the treated meat analogues to trap moisture well, and this led to the formation of a dense structure and a lowering of the texturization index. Therefore, the proposed technique of vacuum‐autoclaving was shown to be significant for its potential as a way of processing meat analogues.

Practical Application

It is expected to improve the quality of plant‐based meat analogue products by controlling the physical properties of low‐moisture textured vegetable protein (TVP) through steaming, oven, microwave, and vacuum autoclave as post‐heat treatments.
Finding synergies and trade‐offs when linking biodiversity and climate change through cooperative initiatives
Authors: Widerberg Oscar , Boran Idil , Chan Sander , Deneault Andrew , Kok Marcel , Negacz Katarzyna , Pattberg Philipp , Petersson Matilda
Published: November 2022

The causes and consequences of biodiversity loss and climate change are deeply intertwined. Hundreds of existing cooperative initiatives—gathering thousands of states, regions, cities, companies, civil society organisations and communities—are potentially bending the curve on biodiversity loss and tackling climate change simultaneously. More research is needed to understand if, how and under what conditions cooperative initiatives are delivering on their promises and importantly how they can contribute to both ‘biodiversity positive outcomes’ and ‘net‐zero emissions’ at the same time.
Neighborhood market potentials for alcohol use and rates of child abuse and neglect
Authors: Freisthler Bridget , Kranich Christiana , Price Wolf Jennifer , Boyd Reiko , Gruenewald Paul J.
Published: November 2022

Background

Alcohol use can lead to child abuse and neglect even if the person using alcohol does not use heavily. Yet relatively few measures that reflect alcohol use are available at smaller geographic units. We assess whether the estimated level of total alcohol use per capita is related to measures of child abuse and neglect that include substantiated reports of maltreatment, total entries into foster care, and alcohol‐related entries into foster care.

Methods

Our sample consists of 326 Census block groups in Sacramento, California over three time points (978 space–time units). Administrative data for substantiations of child abuse and neglect and foster care entries are our outcomes. We create market potentials for alcohol use among 18‐ to 29‐year‐olds as our primary independent variable. Data are analyzed using Bayesian conditionally autoregressive spatio‐temporal models.

Results

Higher alcohol use potentials (as measured by total volume per capita of 18‐ to 29‐year olds) are related to more children entering foster care due to drinking‐related concerns by a parent or caregiver (RR = 1.032, 95% CI = [1.013, 1.051]), but not total substantiations for foster care entries. Neighborhoods with higher total volume of alcohol per 18‐ to 29‐year‐olds had more foster care entries when we used number of substantiations as the denominator (RR = 1.012, 95% CI = [1.0001, 1.023]) but were not related to foster care entries with alcohol misuse as a concern as a subset of all foster care entries.

Conclusions

Higher estimated volume of alcohol use per capita among young adults (aged 18 to 29) was related to more children entering foster care due to alcohol‐related concerns. Reducing alcohol supply in alcohol outlets, specifically through off‐premise establishments, might reduce rates for all entries into foster care or other out‐of‐home placement and substantiated child abuse and neglect.
Impact of native vegetation cover near crops on the occurrence and molecular diversity of fire ants
Authors: Nagatani Victor H. , Ramalho Manuela O. , Alves Juliana M. C. , Souza Rodrigo F. , Kayano Débora Y. , Silva Nathalia S. , Silva Otávio G. M. , Harakava Ricardo , Bueno Odair C. , Hilsdorf Alexandre W. S. , Morini Maria S. C.
Published: November 2022

Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis saevissima are the most common fire ants in Brazil. Environmental disturbances favour the colony dispersal of both species, particularly those with an anthropogenic origin. However, the frequencies of the species can vary according to the amount of anthropogenic disturbances. Crops near native vegetation fragments is a common landscape in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Here, we analyse if there is influence of native vegetation cover on the occurrence of these fire ants and their molecular diversity in crops. Our hypothesis is that these species are antagonistic in terms of occurrence and molecular diversity when compared in the same habitat. We selected crops near fragments with around 50% of native vegetation cover, a percentage informative enough to detect biological responses from insects belonging to a same order. Nests were collected and the species were identified using external morphology, and mtDNA COI sequences. We reject our hypothesis, which suggest that the species colonize the vegetation patches around crops in a similar way. Solenopsis invicta is not limited by vegetation cover, and has a high haplotype diversity when compared to S. saevissima, particularly when the vegetation cover is greater than 50%. Additionally, the vegetation cover seems to not have influence in the total number of haplotypes, but the species have haplotypes that are exclusive to each landscape. Our findings suggest that S. invicta is expanding to native vegetation areas that it has not occupied before, as S. saevissima was dominant there.
Non‐operative adjuncts for the prevention of mastectomy skin flap necrosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Nicholas , Li Henry , Chow Yvonne , Blake William
Published: November 2022

Background

Native skin flap necrosis is a potentially devastating complication following skin‐sparing or nipple‐sparing mastectomy with a reported incidence of as high as 30%. Treatment depends on the depth and extent of tissue necrosis and can range from dressings to surgical debridement and further reconstruction. This can have implications on patient physical and psychological wellbeing as well as cost of treatment. This study aims to identify and appraise cost‐effective non‐surgical adjuncts for the prevention of native skin flap necrosis.

Methods

A systematic review was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement and structured around existing recommended guidelines. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed with the medical subject headings ‘mastectomy’ and ‘flap necrosis’. After exclusion, 12 articles were selected for review and analysed.

Results

A total of 8439 mastectomies were performed on 7895 patients. Preventative non‐surgical adjuncts that demonstrated statistically significant reduction in mastectomy flap necrosis included topical nitroglycerin ointment (P = 0.000), closed‐Incision negative pressure wound therapy (P = 0.000), topical dimethylsulfoxide ointment (P = 0.03), oral cilostazol (P = 0.032), and local heat pre‐conditioning (P = 0.047).

Conclusions

This study identifies multiple adjuncts that may aid in preventing mastectomy skin flap necrosis, especially in high‐risk patients. Further studies could aim to define standardized protocols and compare the various adjuncts in different circumstances.
Machine perfusion organ preservation: Highlights from the American Transplant Congress 2022
Authors: Boteon Yuri L. , Angelico Roberta , Buchholz Bettina M. , Dabare Dilan , Martins Paulo N.
Published: November 2022

The American Transplant Congress 2022, which took place between June 4th and June 8th of 2022, was a hybrid meeting with in‐person attendance in Boston‐MA and a real‐time virtual experience via an online platform. First, we identified abstracts discussing machine perfusion preservation for all organs, a hot topic and approach that may develop into the new gold standard of organ preservation in the near future. A total of 39 abstracts on organ machine preservation were presented at the meeting. Next, we selected abstracts which focus on advances including new approaches to organ preservation, promising biomarkers, ex‐situ treatment including cellular therapies, and novel research areas. Here, we summarized the latest developments on machine perfusion preservation in both experimental and clinical studies.