bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensino técnico e ensino do empreendedorismo: Uma investigação das influências das estruturas organizacionais
Authors: Casagrande Elton Eustáquio , Brusco Eduardo Migliorini
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo buscou investigar as influências das estruturas organizacionais no ensino técnico voltado ao desenvolvimento de habilidades empreendedoras, destacando três principais aspectos, as práticas e metodologias de ensino mais adequadas, formação e capacitação dos professores envolvidos no projeto e características administrativas que incentivam e fomentam a prática do empreendedorismo. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, buscando aprofundamento da compreensão organizacional através da revisão da literatura pertinente ao tema. Como critério de seleção dos artigos que contribuíram para o corpo teórico, destaca-se a preocupação na busca de artigos recentes, publicados em periódicos internacionais relevantes, de nacionalidades diversas, sem desprezar trabalhos mais antigos notadamente importantes. Como contribuições, destaca-se a discussão quanto às práticas de ensino voltadas ao desenvolvimento de habilidades empreendedoras, a necessidade da oferta de experiências por parte das instituições e a importância de envolver a sociedade como um todo no programa de ensino.
МЕТОДЫ ДИСТАНЦИОННОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ДРЕВЕСНОГО ПОЛОГА ПО ДАННЫМ СПУТНИКОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ MODIS
Authors:   ИКИ РАН, Ховратович Татьяна , Барталев Сергей
Published: February 2023

В работе предложены новые методы дистанционной оценки показателей горизонтальной структуры лесов, включая проективное покрытие крон древесного полога леса, лесистость, сомкнутость и относительную полноту. Построены временные ряды данных указанных показателей горизонтальной структуры лесов на территорию России за период с 2001 по 2019 гг.
АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД ДОНБАССА ПРИРОДНОГО И ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ СПУТНИКОВЫХ ДАННЫХ GRACE
Authors:   ДонНУ, Юрченко Виктория , Несова Арина , Хархордин Евгений
Published: February 2023

На основе спутниковых данных GRACE анализируется состояние неглубоких подземных вод и почвы в корневой зоне на территории четырёх гидрогеологических районов Донбасса за период более чем пять последних лет. Определены усреднённые индикаторы засухи - проценты влажности, для этих районов с января 2019 г. по июль 2020 г. Выполнена оценка возможности загрязнения подземных вод за счёт проникновения в них шахтных вод с действующих, ликвидированных и заброшенных горнодобывающих предприятий Донбасса.
Estimating present value cost of invasive Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) on USACE project lands
Authors: Pfisterer Nathan , Beane Nathan
Published: February 2023

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for stewardship of approximately 12.5 million acres across the United States. USACE’s Environmental Stewardship program mission is to protect, preserve, and restore significant ecological resources on USACE project lands. Since the early 2000s, non-native and invasive Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees in the US, becoming the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect in North America. This research effort estimates the cost of managing EAB damage to USACE projects including treatment, removal, or removal and replacement of dying/dead ash trees. The results suggest potential impact to more than 122,800 USACE project acres in currently infested counties including 181,000 ash trees. While not all damaged trees require removal, many USACE recreation sites have ash trees that pose an increased risk to humans and structures thus requiring removal of EAB infected trees. The widespread and pervasive impacts of EAB will have significant costs associated with removal and replacement of ash trees that could be hazardous to recreational users at the projects. Data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database, and methods developed by Kovacs et al. (2010) were utilized to calculate yearly present value costs of EAB to USACE projects from 2006-2026. Overall EAB impacts are estimated at $121.6 million across 201 USACE projects evaluated in this study. Increased efforts to limit EAB spread and perform measures of control are warranted to reduce potential cost to USACE.
An Improved YOLOv5s Algorithm for Traffic Sign Recognition
Authors: zhu xia , Zhang Jing , Xu Bai , Zhu Hongbo
Published: February 2023

Aiming at the problems of excessive parameter quantity, slow detection speed, and low detection accuracy of existing traffic sign recognition models, this paper proposes a traffic sign recognition algorithm with improved YOLOv5s. The algorithm applies depthwise separable convolution to the feature extraction network of YOLOv5s, which significantly reduces the parameters and computation of the backbone network. In the feature fusion stage, the feature maps of different levels obtained by the feature extraction network are input into the weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network structure ( CA-BiFPN ) for multi-scale feature fusion. In the design process of the loss function, ZIoU is used instead of GIoU as the bounding box regression loss function to solve the problem of overlapping the real box and the prediction box. The Focal loss function replaces the binary cross entropy loss function, which solves the problem of an unbalanced number of positive and negative samples in the detection process. The test results on the TT100K dataset show that the average accuracy of the algorithm reaches 77%, which is 4.94% higher than that of YOLOv5s, and the model size is 16MB, which is only 56.7% of YOLOv5s. The algorithm reduces the amount of calculation and model size to a certain extent and brings the improvement of detection speed and accuracy.
Development of Methods for Image Filtering in Noise and their Implementation for a Web Service
Authors: Palahin Dmytro , Palahina Elena , Palahin Volodymyr
Published: February 2023

Known image processing software systems use filtering methods such as the Gaussian filter, the median filter, and others, which often do not have satisfactory performance in processing certain types of noise. This leads to a partial loss of the useful signal and a deterioration in image quality. The work is devoted to improving the quality of image filtering in various kinds of noise. A model of additive interaction of signals in additive impulse noise is proposed. A new method of least finite differences (MLFD) and its modification for image filtering has been developed. An interactive web service for the implementation of MLFD was created. Various filtering methods have been proposed to reduce the effect of impulsive noise on images. The proposed data processing is based on a priori information about the type of noise. The web service is a flexible and efficient solution for filtering digital images and is not available in well-known graphics packages. The new web service is a good compromise between the quality of filtering and the simplicity of the solution compared to complex and resource-intensive systems for graphic image processing.
A Recommendation System Involving a Hybrid Approach of Student Review and Rating for an Educational Video
Authors: Hazar Manar Joundy , Zrigui Mounir , Maraoui Mohsen
Published: February 2023

In face-to-face learning, lecturers directly manage their students and use all their emotional expressions to assess their understanding of courses. Contrastingly, in e-learning, online platforms suffer from the absence of emotional communication. Therefore, this paper addresses educational videos because they are the top closed type of delivered data that can express and clarify details about a subject's meaning. This paper's authors propose an educational video recommendation system based on the hybridization of student historical data. The system will recommend educational videos on learning platforms (the Coursera platform is a case study). We use latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) for probabilistic topic models. LDA extracts topics from online video content. Simultaneously, we use sentiment analysis of learners' comments on educational videos to make new rating predictions and then hybrid the original user-rating matrix and predicted rating matrix to obtain a better recommendation.
Partitioning the Line Graph of Star-like Tree
Authors: zhang panpan , li shiguo
Published: February 2023

A graph $G$ of order $n$ is arbitrarily partitionable~(AP in abbreviation)~if for each sequence $\tau=(n_{1},n_{2},\ldots,n_{k})$ of positive integers such that it sums up to $n$,~there exists a partition $(V_{1},\ldots,V_{k})$ of the vertex set $V$ such that $|V_{i}|=n_{i}$ and $V_{i}$ induces a connected subgraph for all $i=1,\ldots,k$.~A star-like tree~$S(a,b,c)$ is a tree homeomorphic to the star $K_{1,3}$.~In this paper,~we focus on the arbitrarily partition of the line graph of $S(a,b,c)$.~We give the necessary and sufficient conditions for graphs $L(S(2,b,c))$ and $L(S(3,b,c))$ being AP.~Furthermore,~we provide three sufficient conditions for which $L(S(a,b,c))$ is not AP.
Evaluating a low-cost method for identifying areas with failing septic systems in low-order watersheds
Authors: Butzler Emma , Klos P. Zion
Published: February 2023

There are significant gaps in the ability to rapidly and affordably assess and identify areas of failing septic systems at fine spatial resolutions (< 1 km). This study evaluates a low-cost integrated method for identifying possible failing septic systems by: 1) using spatial metaanalysis to investigate the relationship between land cover, soil, and tax parcel data with the addition of in-situ high-resolution (50 m) nitrate data to identify localized hot spots of nutrient pollution that overlap with likely septic system locations; 2) prioritize the application of tests for Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) only at these predetermined localized hot spots; 3) validate this integrated method against high-accuracy traditional water grab sampling methods of N and P concentration collected alongside the in-situ electronic measurement of relative nitrate change. Within a case example of the Fall Kill watershed, a suburban-rural watershed in New York, of the 17 observed in-stream spikes in relative nitrate concentration, nine of those spikes had strong evidence of possible septic influence based on FIB data, suggesting suboptimal septic systems pose a sizable threat to water quality. This low-cost and rapid approach to identifying likely locations of failing septic systems can help watershed groups elsewhere target education and mitigation strategies more efficiently.
Risk factors for perioperative intra-aortic balloon pumping application in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting：a single-center experience
Authors: Cheng Yi , Zhao Qing , Chen Jie , Liu Fengju , Zhang Shuang
Published: February 2023

Background: There were few studies on risk factors predicting perioperative application of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. The aim of the study is to explore risk factors for perioperative application of IABP in CABG patients.
Methods: Patients with preoperative IABP implantation were excluded. 1337 patients undergoing CABG were finally included. Patients were divided into two groups: IABP group and non-IABP group. Medical history, biochemical and ultrasonagraphic parameters were compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic analyse was used to explore possible risk factors. Combined ROC analysis was performed and area under ROC (AUC) was used to decide diagnostic capability of the risk factors.
Results: Patients in IABP group had a higher proportion of myocardial infarction (MI) history and atrial fibrillation(AF) history. IABP group also had a larger amount of blood loss and a higher serum level of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL). As for imaging results, IABP group had a lower Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Multivariate logistic analyse showed that LVEF< 50% (OR, 3.120) , history of MI (OR, 2.006), sd-LDL serum level (OR, 2.201) and blood loss during surgery>1000ml (OR, 2.545) were independent risk factors. Combined ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.707.
Conclusion: For CABG patients, LVEF<50%, history of MI, blood loss during surgery>1000ml and sd-LDL serum level were risk factors for perioperative application of IABP. Combined ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.707.
Clinical manifestations, imaging features and treatment strategies of cerebral amyloid angiopathy–related inflammation with chronic onset in the Chinese population
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Wang Yunchao , Fu Qichang , Zheng Honglin , Duan Suying , Zhao Taiqi , Mao Chengyuan , Jang Chenyang , Gao Yuan , Luo Haiyang , Xu Yuming
Published: February 2023

Objective: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy–related inflammation (CAA-ri) is an increasingly recognized subtype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and previously reported CAA-ri patients mainly performed with acute and subacute onset. The study aims to describe the clinical manifestations, imaging features and treatment strategies of CAA-ri with chronic onset in the Chinese population.
Methods: We systematically reviewed the records of patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy–related inflammation who presented from January 1, 2016, to January 1, 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for additional detailed clinical, laboratory, imaging, treatment, and outcomes data.
Results: The 40 individuals in the study included 23 men and 17 women with a median age of 66 years; 25 patients (62.5%) presented with chronic onset, the most common form of onset. Cognitive impairment (n = 17), headache (n = 6), behavioral alterations (n = 5), focal neurological signs (n = 5), were the relatively common clinical manifestations of CAA-ri in the chronic patients. T2 weighted, and fluid attenuation inversion recovery MRI sequences in all patients showed asymmetric, confluent and patchy hyperintensities in both cerebral hemispheres; Eleven patients were treated with glucocorticoid shock therapy (1 of them combined with immunoglobulin). Eight patients of eleven were discharged with significant remission of clinical symptoms. MRI was re-examined after treatment, and abnormal signals on the T2WI phase partially disappeared in 6 cases, increased in 1 case and MRI was not re-examined in 4 cases.
Conclusion: Chronic onset pattern may be the most common form in the CAA-ri Chinese population. Cognitive impairment, behavioral alterations, focal neurological dysfunction and headache are the main clinical manifestations of CAA-ri with chronic onset. Immunosuppressive treatment may improve clinical symptoms and imaging features in patients of CAA-ri with chronic onset.
Treatment of Pantothenate-kinase neurodegeneration with baclofen, botulinum toxin, and deferiprone: A case report
Authors: Hameed Marya , Siddiqui Fatima , Khan Khuzzaim , Gangishetti Prasanna Kumar , Tadisetty Sindhura
Published: February 2023

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive motor symptoms such as dystonia and spasticity. Classical PKAN is the most common subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). There is no current established treatment for PKAN. Baclofen and botulinum toxin have been reported to improve motor symptoms and ease care in these patients. Deferiprone is a well-tolerated iron chelator and has been shown effective in reducing the brain iron accumulation. We report a seven-year-old boy who presented to our ward with spastic gait and extrapyramidal signs. Brain MRI was performed which showed features of neurodegeneration secondary to brain iron accumulation with specific appearance of eye-of-the-tiger sign. Genetic testing was positive for a homozygous mutation in PKAN2 and the diagnosis of early stage classical PKAN was made. The case report highlights the potent efficacy of baclofen, botulinum toxin, and deferiprone in slowing down the disease progression at an early stage and improving the severity of symptoms.
Does Tranexamic acid Reduce Blood Loss and Transfusion Rate in Undernourished Patients with Hip Fracture?
Authors: Xie Jun , Himeno Shinkichi
Published: February 2023

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been widely used to reduce blood loss and postoperative transfusion rate in orthopedic surgeries. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of TXA in undernourished older adults with hip fracture. A total of 216 patients were classified into undernutrition and normal groups, based on the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index. Eighty-two patients were randomized to receive intravenous TXA at 15 mg/kg before incision; another 1 g was administered intravenously for 3 h postoperatively. The association between TXA administration and perioperative hemoglobin (Hb) drop, blood transfusion rate, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) rate, after controlling for patient demographics, was investigated. Of the patients, 51.9% were undernourished with progressive anemia (Hb: 10.9 ± 1.5 g/dL). More femoral neck fractures and fewer trochanteric fractures likely occurred in undernourished patients. TXA administration significantly reduced the Hb drop rather than the transfusion rate, regardless of the nutritional status. There was a high prevalence of undernutrition in older adults with hip fractures. Undernutrition can not only deteriorate muscle strength and gait function, leading to different types of hip fractures, but may also interfere with the processing of TXA in reducing the blood transfusion rate.
Effect of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Albedo in Delhi
Authors: Talwar Arnav , Sabharwal Rishabh , Chhabra Hardik , Kumar Harshit
Published: February 2023

The impact of Covid-19 lockdowns on Delhi's albedo is discussed in this research along with its possible causes. The pollution control board's 24-hour data is utilized to examine the situation in Delhi during the previous five years across five areas. Delhi's five most diverse areas, Okhla, Dwarka, Mundka, Mandir Marg, and Anand Vihar, are evaluated. This paper is divided into three periods, i.e., pre-lockdown, during-lockdown, and post-lockdown periods, for a clear understanding of the results. PM2.5, PM10, NO, NO2, NOx, NH3, CO, SO2, Ozone, and Atmospheric Temperature are the ten parameters used for analysis. The analysis revealed that pollutants in Delhi are positively correlated to the atmospheric temperature and negatively correlated to albedo. Moreover, it was found that atmospheric temperature levels were minimum for Delhi when lockdowns were imposed.
Multidimensional harms of khat use in Ethiopia: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study design
Authors: Ayalew Meseret , Getachew Terefe , Abate Berhanu , Yirsaw Behabtu , Mihretu Awoke
Published: February 2023

Background: High prevalence of khat use is reported in Yemen, Somalia and Ethiopia; 67.9%, 59%, and 16% respectively. Previous studies mainly focused on khat users’ perspectives and were limited to individual-level harms. This study aimed to assess and explore the individual and societal level harms of khat use in comparison to people who do not use khat. Methods: Exploratory sequential mixed methods study design was employed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A random sampling method was used to select households and individuals in the household. The final sample size for individuals who chew khat was 512 and 380 individuals who do not use khat. All qualitative participants were purposively selected based on their khat user behavior. Twelve participants participated in the in-depth interviews. Independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were used to examine the difference between khat users and non-khat users across different indicators of the harms of khat use. Results: There were more depression symptoms, disability, stressful life events and food insecurity among individuals with khat us compared to non-khat users (p<0.05). Participants also reported diverse socioeconomic adverse consequences of khat use including selling one's assets or home utensils and spending the money on khat, low motivation for work, work abstinence, family chaos and conflict, unemployment, and violation of socio-cultural values and norms.
Conclusion: The study found multidimensional harms of khat use. Individuals who chew khat were more prone to psychological, and socioeconomic adversities. Prevention, law regulation or harm reduction actions that avoid or curve the harms of khat use should also be well designed and implemented at different levels.
Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D on Inflammatory Status of ICU Patients with COVID-19; a Double-Blind, Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rahimi Akram , Zamaniyan Mohammad Hossein , Moradi Shima , Mostafaei Roghayeh , Soroush Ali , Javadfar Zohreh
Published: February 2023

Background: Vitamin D can stall hyper-inflammatory responses, and there are mechanistic reasons for the positive effects of vitamin D in COVID-19 patients.
Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single high dose of vitamin D on inflammatory markers in critical patients with COVID-19.
Design and patients: A single center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 61 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care units. The intervention and placebo groups received a dose of 300,000 IU vitamin D intramuscularly and identical placebo respectively. Patients were followed up for one week. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) (IU/ml), C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (Pg/L), lymphocyte, neutrophil, and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios were checked at the beginning and 7 th day of the study.
Key results: A total of 44 patients with COVID-19 have completed this trial with vitamin D insufficiency in the baseline. The lymphocyte level increased while LDH (IU/ml), neutrophil level, and N/L ratio decreased after intervention with a high vitamin D dose, which was insignificant. The CRP (mg/L) and IL-6 (Pg/L) were significantly reduced after high-dose vitamin D intervention.
Conclusions: Based on the results, the effect of high doses of vitamin D on inflammatory indices was significant in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU.
Mathematical terrain interactive editing technology for landscape design based on deep learning
Authors: Wei Feiyu , Li Yunyuan
Published: February 2023

The technology in the field of garden landscape is constantly developing with the progress of today's society, industry has also been promoted, and various styles of landscapes have appeared one by one according to the needs of the times. However, the research of landscape design still seems to remain on the basis of more formal, patterned and visual design, thus ignoring the interaction between design works and objects of use. This paper aims to integrate mathematical terrain into the field of landscape design, and use realistic digital terrain to enhance the realism of virtual landscapes and enhance the user's immersion. To date, researchers have proposed many terrain editing techniques, but no more comprehensive examination of terrain features and editing requirements has been carried out to meet more general terrain modeling needs. Based on deep learning technology, this paper constructs the design of interactive scene mathematical terrain editing system. The system consists of two subsystems: scene management system and user interface system. Each subsystem has its own function module, which is convenient for users to use. Each functional module can be called according to user preferences to create the desired landscape terrain. In the final evaluation of the customer, the hills and plains created based on the sketch are better than the original work, It can be concluded that the system not only has excellent effects in practical applications, but also has a wide range of cross-domain applications, and has a broad development prospect. This paper designs a class of interactive editable systems combined with mathematical terrain by introducing deep learning technology into the field of landscape design.
Variabilities and similarities of adult stem cells derived intestinal organoids originating from different intestinal segments in pig
Authors: Kar Soumya K , Pas Marinus F. W. te , Rikkers Roxann , Madsen Ole , Taverne Nico , Ellen Esther D , Wells Jerry M , Schokker Dirkjan
Published: February 2023

Background
Organoids are in vitro model systems generated from tissues. Organoids express specific physiological functions associated with their original tissue location and they express tissue-segment-specific genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the resemblance of duodenum, ileum (with or without Peyer’s Patches (PP) – PP could be recognized visually), and colon tissue-derived organoids with the tissue of origin.
Methods and Results
We studied the variability of multiple adjacent sampling sites based on histology and transcriptome profiles. The transcriptome profiles of the in vivo tissues and the derived organoids showed high resemblance for all intestinal segments. Transcriptomic cluster analysis showed that it is important to use tissue-specific genes to show the resemble between tissue and their derived organoids. The transcriptome profiles clearly separated the intestinal segments, and samples of the same segment from adjacent tissue locations showed high transcriptome profile similarity. Ileum samples with and without PP were also separated. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes from PP compared with non-PP suggested the importance of several aspects of cell cycle progression regulation, including DNA metabolism, chromatin organization, regulation of mitotic stage progression, and regulation of inflammation.
Conclusions
Organoids reflect the sampled intestinal segment and that organoids derived from adjacent sampling sites in an intestinal tissue segment showed low variability. The results from the ileum indicate that organoids have potential to study intestinal immune processes.
Glycan-shielded homodimer structure and dynamical features of the canine distemper virus hemagglutinin relevant for viral entry and efficient vaccination
Authors: Fukuhara Hideo , Yumoto Kohei , Sako Miyuki , Kajikawa Mizuho , Ose Toyoyuki , Kawamura Mihiro , Yoda Mei , Chen Surui , Ito Yuri , Takeda Shin , Mwaba Mwila , Wang Jiaqi , Hashiguchi Takao , Kamishikiryo Jun , Maita Nobuo , Kitatsuji Chihiro , Takeda Makoto , Kuroki Kimiko , Maenaka Katsumi
Published: February 2023

Canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to morbillivirus, including measles virus (MeV), which causes serious immunological and neurological disorders in carnivores, but their vaccines are highly effective. The attachment glycoprotein hemagglutinin (CDV-H) at the CDV surface utilizes signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and Nectin-4 as entry receptors. Although fusion models have been proposed, the molecular mechanism of morbillivirus fusion entry is poorly understood. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the globular head domain of CDV-H vaccine strain at 3.2 Å resolution, revealing that CDV-H exhibits a highly tilted homodimeric form with a six-bladed β-propeller fold. While the predicted Nectin-4 binding site is well-conserved with that of MeV-H, that of SLAM is similar but partially different, which contributes to host specificity. Five N-linked sugars covered a broad area of the CDV-H surface to expose receptor binding sites only, supporting the effective production of neutralizing antibodies. These features are common to MeV-H, although the glycosylation sites are completely different. Furthermore, real-time observation using high-speed atomic force microscopy revealed highly mobile features of the CDV-H dimeric head. These results suggest that sugar-shielded tilted-homodimeric structure and dynamic changes are common characteristics of morbilliviruses and ensure effective fusion entry and vaccination.
Detection, Visualization and Quantification of Protein Complexes in Human Alzheimer’s Disease Brains using Proximity Ligation Assay
Authors: Romero-Fernandez Wilber , Carvajal-Tapia Cristian , Prusky Alex , Katdare Ketaki , Wang Emmeline , Shostak Alena , Ventura-Antunes Lissa , Harmsen Hannah , Lippmann Ethan , Borroto-Escuela Dasiel , MacGurn Jason , Fuxe Kjell , Schrag Matthew
Published: February 2023

Examination of healthy and diseased human brain is essential to translational neuroscience. Protein-protein interactions play a pivotal role in physiological and pathological processes, but their detection is difficult, especially in aged and fixed human brain tissue. We used the proximity ligation assay (PLA) to broaden the range of molecular interactions assessable in-situ in human neuropathology. We adapted fluorescent in-situ PLA to detect ubiquitin-modified proteins in human brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including approaches for the management of autofluorescence and quantification using a high-content image analysis system. We confirmed that hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (Serine202, Threonine205) aggregates were modified by ubiquitin and that phospho-tau-ubiquitin complexes were increased in hippocampal and frontal cortex regions in AD compared to non-AD brains. Overall, we refined PLA for use in human neuropathology, which has revealed a profound change in the distribution of ubiquitin in AD brain and its association with characteristic tau pathologies.
Efficient Continuous kNN Join over Dynamic High-dimensional Data
Authors: Ukey Nimish , Zhang Guangjian , Yang Zhengyi , Li Binghao , Li Wei , Zhang Wenjie
Published: February 2023

Given a user dataset U and an object dataset I, a kNN join query in high-dimensional space returns the k nearest neighbors of each object in dataset U from the object dataset I. The kNN join is a basic and necessary operation in many applications, such as databases, data mining, computer vision, multi-media, machine learning, recommendation systems, and many more. In the real world, datasets frequently update dynamically as objects are added or removed. In this paper, we propose novel methods of continuous kNN join over dynamic high-dimensional data. We firstly propose the HDR+ Tree which supports more efficient insertion, deletion, and batch update. Further observed that the existing methods rely on globally correlated datasets for effective dimen-sionality reduction, we then propose the HDR Forest. It clusters the dataset and constructs multiple HDR Trees to capture local correlations among the data. As a result, our HDR Forest is able to process non-globally correlated dataset efficiently. Two novel optimisations are applied to the proposed HDR Forest, including the precomputation of the PCA states of data items and pruning-based kNN recomputation during item deletion. For the completeness of the work, we also present the proof of computing distances in reduced dimensions of PCA in HDR Tree. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets show that the proposed methods and optimisations outperform the baseline algorithms of naive RkNN join and HDR Tree.
Lysosomal Storage Dysfunction, a Germline Variants Affecting Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development and Progression
Authors: Park Joo Kyung , Koh Youngil , Kim Hyemin , Song Seulki , Choi Young Hoon , Joo So Young , Kim Hyung Rae , Moon Byul , Byun Jamin , Hong Junshik , Shin Dong-Yeop , Park Solip , Lee Kwang Hyuck , Lee Kyu Taek , Lee Jong Kyun , Park Daechan , Jang Jin-Young , Lee Hyunsook , Kim Jung-Ae , Yoon Sung-Soo
Published: February 2023

Lysosome is closely linked to autophagy, which plays a vital role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor biology. This study investigated whether lysosome storage dysfuncton(LSD) contributes to PDAC development. Germline putative pathogenic variants (PPVs) in genes involved in lysosome functions were compared between PDAC patients (N=418) and healthy controls (N=845). Furthermore, Galc-knockout mouse pancreas organoids and human PDAC organoids were used to evaluate the consequences of PPV status in PDAC development and establishment. LSD PPVs were enriched in PDAC patients (Log2OR=1.65, P=3.08×10−3). PPV carriers diagnosed with PDAC were younger than non-carriers (61.5 vs. 65.3 years, P=0.031). Hampered autophagolysosome activity with increased autophagy flux and elevated Ki-67 index were observed following GALC downregulation. RNA sequencing of human PDAC organoids revealed upregulation of metabolism related to LSD. Genetically defined lysosome dysfunction is frequently observed in young-age onset PDACs. Lysosome dysfunction might contribute to PDAC development via altered metabolism and impaired autophagolysosome activity.
Prediction of rainfall time series using the hybrid DWT-SVR-Prophet model
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Ma Jinfeng , Rao Kaifeng , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Ruonan , Yang Yanzheng , Zheng Hua
Published: February 2023

The discrete wavelet method can be used to decompose rainfall time series into subseries of different frequencies. It would be worthwhile to investigate whether combining forecasting results from different frequency subseries could improve the accuracy of rainfall prediction. A novel DWT-SVR-Prophet (DSP) hybrid model for rainfall prediction is proposed in this paper. First, the rainfall time series is decomposed into high-frequency and low-frequency subseries using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The SVR and Prophet models are then used to predict high-frequency and low-frequency subsequences, respectively. Finally, the predicted rainfall is determined by summing the predicted values of each subsequence. A case study in China is conducted from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. The results show that the DSP model provides excellent prediction, with RMSE, MAE, R2 values of 6.17, 3.3, and 0.75, respectively. The DSP model yields higher prediction accuracy than the three baseline models considered, with the prediction accuracy ranking as follows: DSP > SSP > Prophet > SVR. In addition, the DSP model is quite stable, and can achieve good results when applied to rainfall data from various climate types, with RMSEs ranging from 1.24 to 7.31, MAEs ranging from 0.52 to 6.14 and R2 values ranging from 0.62 to 0.75. The proposed model may provide a noval approach for rainfall forecasting and is readily adaptable to other time series predictions.
Association of lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk in Vietnamese women: A matched case-control study
Authors: Nguyen Hien D. , Phung An HT. , Do Thanh C. , Nguyen Quynh HN , Tran Thach S. , Nguyen Tuan V. , Ho-Pham Lan T.
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Lifestyle factors might play a role in the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and the risk of breast cancer in Vietnamese women.
Methods
This study included 370 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases and 370 age-matched controls recruited between September 2019 and March 2020 in Ho Chi Minh City. Breast cancer diagnoses were confirmed through pathological examination, while controls were randomly selected from a non-cancer population. Lifestyle factors, including smoking status, sleep duration, and physical activity level, were collected through a face-to-face interview. The association between lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk was analyzed using adjusted conditional logistic regression, and a case impact number (CIN) was calculated to determine the effect of these factors on breast cancer risk..
Results
Passive smokers were associated with an almost two-fold greater risk of breast cancer compared to non-smokers (adjusted odd ratios 1.69, 95%CI: 1.09-2.63). The CIN was 4, meaning that passive smoking was a contributing factor to one out of every four breast cancer cases. Physical activity level and daily sleep duration were not significantly associated with breast cancer risk.
Conclusion
Passive smoking was associated with breast cancer in Vietnamese women, highlighting the potential for implementing a passive smoking prevention policy to reduce breast cancer.
Palliative care in rural and regional health care settings: A qualitative study of enabling factors and implementation challenges
Authors: Aregay Atsede , O'Connor Margaret , Stow Jill , Ayers Nicola , Lee Susan
Published: February 2023

Background: Palliative care is limited or non-existent in Ethiopia, particularly in rural areas where, more than 78% of the population live. Current initiatives and research are focused on urban settings and are primarily donor dependent. This study aims to explore the status of palliative care, enabling factors and implementation challenges in Ethiopia’s rural and regional health care settings.
Methods:A qualitative regional case study was conducted with health professionals drawn from different health care settings, academic institutions and included health planners and practitioners. Focus groups were conducted with rural community members and face- to face- individual interviews were conducted with health professionals working in numerous roles as well as academic leaders.
Results: Ethiopia’s national policy and guidelines on palliative care, are not integrated into the national and regional health care system. The existing diploma and a few post-graduate curricula at universities and colleges contain limited palliative care content. Data analysis indicated that policymakers, professionals and community members lacked awareness towards palliative care, which started with caring for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients. Those working at all health care levels explained that chronically ill patients other than those with HIV received inadequate care, limited to physical care, pain management, and psychosocial support rather than comprehensive palliative care. Some participants perceived that palliative care was not within the remit of their service, so families and patients were forced to seek alternative or informal care, including from traditional healers.
Conclusions: Enablers for the improvement of palliative care access in rural and regional health care were identified, including better integration of palliative care into the national health care plan and guidelines; palliative care content in university and college courses; and use of mobile phone technology to facilitate care. And policy makers and responsible stakeholders could consider the palliative care implementation in rural and regional health care settings through a combination of home, community and facility-based models.
Deep Learning Based Low-Complexity andHigh-Speed Coding Unit Partition Decisionfor High Efficiency Video Coding
Authors: Pattimi Hari , B.K.N Srinivasa Rao
Published: February 2023

High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) is the current video coding standard and it achieves a 50% greater bitrate reduction than H.264.The Coding Tree Unit (CTU) is the main processing unit that definesthe HEVC decoding process. Due to recursive search method used inHEVC encoder to find the Coding Unit (CU) partitions, it increasescomputational complexity and time for processing. This paper suggeststwo approaches for coding unit partitioning, one is based on machinelearning and the other is based on deep learning. The parameterslike Edge Magnitude (EM), Rough Mode Decision cost (RMD), RateDistortion cost (RD), and Most Probable Modes (MPM) are used toestimate the complexity of CU splitting. These parameters are utilised bymachine learning methods, such as Fischer’s Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression(LR), to classify split and un-split samples of the coding unit partitioning. The machine learning algorithms increased the coding efficiencyand decreased its computing complexity in comparison to the traditionalHEVC encoder. However, machine learning algorithms also used the iterative procedure in determining the splitting of the coding units. Thispaper proposes an alternative method using deep learning technique toaddress the recursive search issue. Using a modified version of the LeNet-5 architecture, our proposed deep learning method simplifies coding unitpartitioning because neither recursive searching nor rate-distortion optimization are required to identify the coding unit partitioning in modifiedLeNet-5 architectures. As a result, the coding unit partition speed is raised in all intra-configurations without changing the computational costof HEVC. According to simulation results, the proposed techniques LR,SVM, and modified LeNet-5 could individually reduce nearly 50.09%,63.78%, and 86.06% of the time required to encode various test videos.
A weak solution for the fractional N-Laplacian flow
Authors: CHOI Q-HEUNG , JUNG TACKSUN
Published: February 2023

We deal with the nonlinear parabolic problems given by the fractional N-Laplacian operator and time derivative of functions on the fractional Orlicz-Sobolev spaces. We get a result which shows existence of a weak solution for these fractional N-Laplacian heat flows. We obtain this result by using the approximation method. We first obtain a unique sequence of the approximating weak solutions from the difference fractional N-Laplacian problems, and then get some sequences of the variant approximating weak solutions. We next show the convergence of the sequences of the approximating weak solutions to the limits and the limit of some sequence of the approximating weak solutions is a weak solution of this problem.
AMS 2000 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 35A01, 35A25, 35D30, 35B50, 35K35, 46E30
Distinct modulation of cellular immunopeptidome by the allosteric regulatory site of ER aminopeptidase 1
Authors: Temponeras Ioannis , Samiotaki Martina , Koumantou Despoina , Nikopaschou Martha , Kuiper Jonas J. W. , Panayotou George , Stratikos Efstratios
Published: February 2023

ER aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an ER-resident aminopeptidase that excises N-terminal residues off peptides that then bind onto Major Histocompatibility Complex I molecules (MHC-I) and indirectly modulates adaptive immune responses. ERAP1 contains an allosteric regulatory site that accommodates the C-terminus of at least some peptide substrates, raising questions about its exact influence on antigen presentation and the potential of allosteric inhibition for cancer immunotherapy. We used an inhibitor that targets this regulatory site to study its effect on the immunopeptidome of a human cancer cell line. The immunopeptidomes of allosterically inhibited and ERAP1 knockout cells contain high-affinity peptides with sequence motifs consistent with the cellular HLA class I haplotypes, but were strikingly different in peptide composition. Compared to knockout cells, allosteric inhibition did not affect the length distribution of peptides and skewed the peptide repertoire both in terms of sequence motifs and HLA allele utilization, indicating significant mechanistic differences between the two ways of disrupting ERAP1 function. These findings suggest that the regulatory site of ERAP1 plays distinct roles in antigenic peptide selection, which should be taken into consideration when designing therapeutic interventions targeting the cancer immunopeptidome.
Jordan and local multipliers on certain Banach algebras are multipliers
Authors: Zivari-Kazempour Abbas , Minapoor Ahmad
Published: February 2023

‎In this paper‎, ‎we prove that every continuous Jordan multiplier T from a‎ C*-algebra or group algebra A into a Banach A-bimodule X is exact a multiplier‎. We also characterize a continuous linear map on C*-algebras and standard operator algebra‎s ‎through the action on zero products‎. ‎Additionally‎, ‎we show that every continuous local multiplier T from a Banach algebra A with the property $(\mathbb{B})$ into a Banach A-bimodule X is a multiplier‎.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47B47, 47B49 Secondary 15A86, 46H25.
Construction of a predictive model to predict the incidence of cerebral white matter lesions in young patients: a large retrospective study
Authors: Wen Haitao , Mei Haibo , Li Jie
Published: February 2023

Objectives
Recently, many studies have focused on the occurrence and development of cerebral white matter lesions in the elderly, while we focused on the risk factors leading to cerebral white matter lesions in younger patients and constructed a predictive model for predicting the incidence of lesions in younger patients.
Materials and methods
We studied patients younger than 60 years old who visited hospitals in Shin Takeo Hospital between april 1, 2016 and october 30, 2017. We randomised the data into test group and validation group. The model was developed by the test group and then validated by the validation group. The ROC curve, DCA curve (clinical decision curve) and clinical impact curve were used to verify the accuracy and clinical practical value of the model.
Results
1050 patients were included in this study, including 363 patients with cerebral white matter lesions and 687 patients with non-cerebral white matter lesions. Multivariate analysis show that age(1.08(1.06, 1.11)), gender(1.69(1.27, 2.27)), carotid plaque score(1.19(1.07, 1.33)), diastolic blood pressure(1.02(1.01, 1.03)), Red_bp_med(1.50(1.01, 2.26)) were significantly associated with white matter lesions. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.726 for the training group and 0.694 for the validation group. Our prediction model has high accuracy and clinical application value.
Conclusions
Age, gender, diastolic blood pressure, carotid plaque score and the use of antihypertensive drugs were independent risk factors for cerebral white matter lesions. The predictive model we constructed has good accuracy and clinical application value.
Detection & Mitigation of DDOS Attack
Authors: Hasan Muhammad Zulkifl , Hussain Muhammad Zunnurain , Nazar Muhammad Zeeshan , A Mahelak , Anjum Fatima , Yaqub Muhammad Atif , Mustafa Muzzamil , Chuhan Saad Hussain , Mubarak Zaima , Siddiqui Adeel Ahmad , Qureshi Ali Moiz , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: February 2023

The DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack is a type of Cyberattack in which multiple attackers aim to attack different network resources like a server or a website. Although many statistical methods have already been designed for DDoS attack detection, designing a real-time detector with low computational overhead is still one of the main concerns. The already existing datasets are highly important and can be used for constructing and checking new solutions. It is the most dangerous attack against IPv6 networks today. The attack uses Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) messages. DDoS attack can be detected in various ways like a sudden fluctuation in the traffic of a website or unreal raise in the requests to resources. DDoS attacks are among the four most malicious attacks, like social engineering, ransomware, and supply chain attacks. It’s relatively easy to confuse DDoS attacks with other cyber threats. As for now most of our application and infrastructure resides on the cloud. As for cloud providers, the services provider must facilitate some tools to prevent the attack on their services and their user. Some of the major cloud providers give us this type of facility (AWS, Azure, and GCPThis cloud service provider offers cloud DDoS mitigation and prevention that operates entirely outside of your current network, inside the Internet cloud, and can identify and stop DDoS attacks before they even get to you. For bigger installations, routing is utilised to ensure that all network traffic, regardless of type, is filtered before delivery via a clean pipe. Domain name system (DNS) is used to direct inbound traffic through a scrubbing centre before delivery to the server. DDoS mitigation and prevention in the cloud is not only speedy, but also incredibly effective at stopping DDoS attacks.