bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Beam under Flexural Stresses Using Meso-Scale Model
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Alaa H. , Taj Ali Ihsan
Published: July 2018

Two dimensional meso-scale concrete modeling was used in finite element analysis of plain concrete beam subjected to bending. The plane stress 4-noded quadrilateral elements were utilized to model coarse aggregate, cement mortar. The effect of aggregate fraction distribution, and pores percent of the total area – resulting from air voids entrapped in concrete during placement on the behavior of plain concrete beam in flexural was detected. Aggregate size fractions were randomly distributed across the profile area of the beam. Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was employed to treat the discontinuities problems result from double phases of concrete and cracking that faced during the finite element analysis of concrete beam. Cracking was initiated at a small notch located at the middle of the bottom face of the concrete beam. The response of plain concrete beam subjected to pure bending via two point load application was detected using (XFEM) analysis of meso-scale concrete model. Assuming full bond between aggregate particles, and mortar at interfacial zone, the flexural strength of plain concrete beam is increased when aggregate particles size is increased, so that bending and shear stress were affected by void percentage and aggregate particles distribution. The maximum deflection at midspan was increased when the aggregate particles size decreases.
A Comparative Study on the Behavior of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames with Different Bracing Systems Based on a Response-Based Damage Index
Authors: Karsaz Kamran , Razavi Tosee Seyed Vahid
Published: July 2018

Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings is one of the most effective ways to reduce damages under destructive earthquakes. The use of bracings is one of techniques for seismic rehabilitation of steel structures. In this study we aimed to investigate the seismic performance of three 5, 10 and 15-storey steel structures with moment-resisting frames designed three dimensionally in ETABS 2015 application based on first edition of Iranian Standard 2800. Their damage under five ground motions was evaluated using response-based damage model proposed by Ghobara et al. (1999). Then, the structures were rehabilitated with different bracing systems (X, eccentric and concentric V and inverted-V) and, again, their damage under five earthquakes were evaluated and compared with those of moment resisting frames. The pushover analysis results indicated that X-braced frame was the least ductile system but had highest initial stiffness and yield stress. In low-rise building, X-braced frames showed better performance among studied bracing systems compared to moment resisting frames, while mid and high-rise buildings with eccentrically braced  frame (EBF) showed the best behavior against earthquakes with the least damage. Moreover, it was found out that EBFs’ performance increases by increasing storey height, but for concentrically braced frames (CBFs) it was decreased. We concluded that the use of response-based damage models can be a suitable procedure for estimating the vulnerability of steel structures rehabilitated with bracing system.
Investigation of the Effect of Dimensional Characteristics of Stone Column on Load-Bearing Capacity and Consolidation Time
Authors: Mohtasham Mohammad Reza , Khodaparast Mahdi
Published: July 2018

One of the best methods for rehabilitating loos and soft soils is the application of stone columns. This method enhances the soil properties by increasing its load-bearing capacity, decreasing the soil subsidence, and accelerating the consolidation rate. In the present paper, numerical analysis of a stone column of 10 m in length into a clayey soil using ABAQUS software is presented. The stone column was modelled based on the concept of unit cell, i.e. a single stone column with the surrounding soil. In this respect, material of the stone column was modelled using the elastoplastic behavioural model of Mohr-Coulomb, while Cam Clay behavioural model was used for the surrounding clayey soil. Furthermore, throughout the analyses performed in this study, effects of different parameters (e.g. applied load on rigid foundation, and the stone column length and diameter) on the subsidence and consolidation time of the rigid foundation were examined. The results indicated that, construction of a stone column into clayey soil decreases the subsidence and consolidation time of the soil considerably. In additions, increases in length and diameter of the stone column were found to significantly contribute to reduced subsidence and consolidation time of soil.
Impacts of regional energy markets on decentralised energy supply
Authors: Maiwald Jens
Published: July 2018

Aim: This paper aims to describe an approach to develop a simulation model for investigating regional energy markets. Therefore the so called Cellular Approach is combined with the approach of Agent-Based Modelling.Design / Research methods: The model is built as a bottom-up approach for integral load management. Thus, supply factors such as limitations in generation are integrated directly and display flexibility. Thereby each market participant has its own economic interest. By the use of specific behaviour patterns and learning effects each agent in the model can act individually. This enables the market model to simulate how actors behave in changing situations. Conclusions / findings: The model shown in this paper provides an alternative to considerations of energy supply systems via equation-based optimization models. The combination of these two approaches enhances to observe two central aspects of the German energy turnaround, decentralisation and the consumers changing role at the energy market. Originality / value of the article: The Cellular Approach offers potential benefits for integrating renewable energy sources in regional power supply. Often discussed on a technical level, this paper focuses on the economical side of this topic. Moreover, differing to other research activities usually using optimization techniques, an Agent-Based Model is formulated to simulate a regional energy market. In the combination of a supply system primarily based on renewable energy sources and enhanced with different types of energy storage it is possible to simulate a supply system of the future.
Caracterización clínica e histopatológica de pacientes con tumor de conjuntiva
Authors: Gómez Martínez Nairovys , Gómez Martínez Nayaris
Published: July 2018

Introducción: El tumor de conjuntiva es el más frecuente de los tumores oftálmicos y se reporta un aumento de su incidencia en los últimos 5 años. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con tumor de conjuntiva atendidos en el Hospital Abel Santamaría durante el periodo de enero de 2014 a enero del 2017 desde el punto de vista clínico e histopatológico.Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva, transversal, en pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor de conjuntiva. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, diagnóstico anatomo patológico, factores de riesgos biológicos y externos. El universo estuvo constituido por 1660 pacientes que acudieron a consulta de oculoplastia y la muestra conformada por 366 pacientes con el diagnóstico presuntivo de tumor de conjuntiva. Resultados: En el grupo de edades de 40-60 años estuvieron el 52.7 %de los pacientes que fueron estudiados, el 57.7 % eran del sexo femenino. Los antecedentes patológicos familiares de presencia de la entidad estuvieron presentes en el 18.6%de la muestra estudiada y la exposición a los rayos ultravioletas en el 71%, el 56.4 % pertenecieron a la zona urbana. El Pterigion estuvo representado en el 95.9 % de los casos con diagnostico histopatológico de tumor de conjuntiva.Conclusiones: El tumor de conjuntiva es frecuente en la mediana edad y en el sexo femenino, la exposición mantenida a los rayos ultravioletas sigue constituyendo un factor de riesgo importante para padecerlo y se reporta el pterigion con una elevada incidencia en el estudio.
The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2011. Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke. Preliminary results
Authors: Fischer Peter M. , Bürge Teresa , Franz L. , Feldbacher R.
Published: July 2018

The main objective of the excavations of the Late Cypriote city of Hala Sultan Tekke is the investigation and determination of the complete occupational sequence of the pre-12th century levels. The groundpenetrating radar survey (GPR) led to the discovery and excavation of numerous rooms of a large Late Cypriote complex. During the second year of excavations at the site the expedition exposed a third phase of occupation (Stratum 3). A Stratum 2 compound, with extraordinarily wide walls was uncovered in the eastern part of the excavations. Intact vessels include Base-ring I and II, and White Painted VI, and Late Helladic imports. Other wares include: White Painted Pendant/Cross Line Style, Red-on-Black/Red, Bichrome Wheel-made, White Slip I and II, Monochrome, Base-ring I and II, Red Lustrous Wheel-made, White Painted/Plain-White Wheel-made, and White Shaved. Unique discoveries amongst the small finds are a haematite cylinder seal and a stone pendant figurine. The numerous tools related to textile production point to the manufacture of fabric on a larger scale.
Üst Ekstremite Yaralanması Olan Bireylerde Kol, Omuz ve El Sorunları Anketi (DASH) İle Lawton Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Anketi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: OKSUZ Cigdem , CESİM Özge Buket , AKEL Burcu Semin
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı üst ekstremite yaralanmalarına sahip bireylerde Kol, Omuz ve El Sorunları anketi
(DASH) ve Lawton Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri (LGYA) anketi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem:
Ortalama yaşları 45,81±15,42 yıl olan üst ekstremite yaralanmalarına sahip 52 (35 kadın, 17 erkek) birey
çalışmaya dahil edildi. LGYA anketinin kendine bakım, yemek yeme ve giyinme aktiviteleri değerlendirildi. Bireylere
DASH anketinin Türkçe versiyonu (DASH-T) uygulandı. DASH-T ile LGYA anketlerindeki ortak aktiviteleri
belirlemek için iki anket içerisindeki maddeler karşılaştırıldı. Sonuçlar: Ortalama DASH-T skoru 38,92±25,28
idi. LGYA kendine bakım ortalaması 25,49, yemek yeme ortalaması 21,92 ve giyinme aktiviteleri ortalaması
26,43’tü. DASH-T ile LGYA arasında istatistiksel olarak orta düzeyde ilişki bulundu (r=-0,571, p<0,01). DASH-T
anketinin, Lawton kendine bakım aktiviteleri (r=-0,572) ve giyinme aktiviteleriyle (r=-0,579) orta düzeyde negatif
korelasyona sahip olduğu bulundu (p<0,01). DASH-T’ nin, Lawton yemek yeme aktiviteleriyle (r=-0,394)
ise düşük-orta düzeyde negatif bir korelasyona sahip olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Tartışma: Çalışmamız
sonucunda DASH-T anketinin üst ekstremite yaralanması geçirmiş bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerindeki her
parametreyi değerlendirmediği ve LGYA anketinin bu bireylerin aktivite limitasyonlarını belirlemede yetersiz
olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz. Bundan dolayı üst ekstremite yaralanması geçirmiş bireylerin günlük yaşamdaki
bağımsızlıklarını ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirmek için klinikte DASH-T anketinin yanında özellikle temel GYA’ ları
değerlendiren ayrıntılı bir GYA değerlendirmesi yapılması önemlidir.
Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklarda Ev Programlarının Uygulanmasını Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: AKEL Burcu Semin , KAYA Zeynep
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma, özel gereksinimli çocuklar için verilen ergoterapi ev programlarının ebeveynler
tarafından uygulanma sürecini etkileyen faktörleri incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem:
Ergoterapi müdahalesi kapsamında ev programı almakta olan özel gereksinimli 15 çocuğun
ev programını uygulamayı üstlenen ebeveyni ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapıldı. Çalışmaya
katılan özel gereksinimli çocuklar; serebral palsi, otizim spektrum bozukluğu ve öğrenme güçlüğü
tanılarından birini almış çocuklardır. Çocukların yaş aralığı 5 ile 15 arasında rastgele dağılım
gösterdi. Görüşmede verileri içerik (nitel) analizi ile çözümlendi ve temel sonuçlar kategorize
edildi. Ebeveynlerin ev programı uygulamalarını etkilediğini belirten faktörler olumlu ya da olumsuz
yönleriyle ortaya konuldu. Sonuç: Çalışmamıza katılan ebeveynlerin %73,3 ü anne, %20 si
baba, %6,7 si ise büyükanne idi. Ev programlarının tek bir yöntemle ebeveyne öğretilmesi, maddi
yetersizlikler, ebeveynlerin ev programı hakkında stres yaşaması, programı uygularken çocukların
ebeveynlere zorluk çıkarmaları, çocukların uygulama sırasında sıkılmaları, ebeveynlerin çok
fazla fiziksel çaba harcıyor olmaları, ebeveynlerin iş ve üretici aktiviteleri, çocukların katılmakta
olduğu diğer programlar, çocuğun gün içindeki ruh hali ve karakteristik özellikleri ev programı
uygulamalarına olumsuz yansıyan faktörler olarak bulundu. Tartışma: Ergoterapist, ebeveynlere
ev programı verirken bu faktörleri göz önünde bulundurmalı ve uygulamayı etkin kılacak
öneriler ve modifikasyonlar yapmalı. Aile eğitimi kapsamında ev programlarının uygulanmasını
denetlemelidir.
FORMATION OF POST-SOMATIC ICHTYONYMS IN THE TATAR LANGUAGE
Authors: Sabitova Il'gamiya Islamutdinovna , Galimova Ol'ga Nikolaevna
Published: July 2018

Tatar somatisms are the object of multi-disciplinary research. The paper contributes to the comprehensive study of post-somatic vocabulary in the word-formative aspect. The authors for the first time analyze Tatar ichtyonyms with somatic components, examine the formation of terms from somonyms, sensonyms, splanhnonyms and the words designating illnesses, diseases and human physiological manifestations. The researchers identify the somatisms, which are frequent and particular for this group, consider the structure of post-somatic ichtyonyms, discover productive means and types of word-formation, identify the place of the somatic component in the structure of multi-component names. The study of post-somatic ichtyonyms helps to discover the word-formative potential and to clarify the size of somatisms word-formative clusters.
Cities, from information to interaction
Authors: Netto Vinicius M. , Brigatti Edgardo , Meirelles João , Ribeiro Fabiano L. , Pace Bruno , Cacholas Caio , Sanches Patricia Mara
Published: July 2018

From physics to the social sciences, information is now seen as a fundamental component of reality. However, a form of information seems still underestimated, perhaps precisely because it is so pervasive that we take it for granted: the information encoded in the very environment we live in. We still do not fully understand how information takes the form of cities, and how our minds deal with it in order to learn about the world, make daily decisions, and take part in the complex system of interactions we create as we live together. This paper addresses three related problems that need to be solved if we are to understand the role of environmental information: (1) the physical problem: how can we preserve information in the built environment? (2) The semantic problem: how do we make environmental information meaningful? and (3) the pragmatic problem: how do we use environmental information in our daily lives? Attempting to devise a solution to these problems, we introduce a three-layered model of information in cities, namely environmental information in physical space, environmental information in semantic space, and the information enacted by interacting agents. We propose forms of estimating entropy in these different layers, and apply these measures to emblematic urban cases and simulated scenarios. Our results suggest that ordered spatial structures and diverse land use patterns encode information, and that aspects of physical and semantic information affect coordination in interaction systems.
MASA DEPAN ANAK MUDA PERTANIAN DI TENGAH LIBERALISASI PERTANAHAN
Authors: Luthfi Ahmad Nashih , Saluang Surya
Published: July 2018

Abstract: The opitimism and persistence of small farmers, such as Alexander Chayanov’s view, need to be thoroughly exploredby examining the demographic composition of the farmers’ families, especially those of their younger genarations. The paperis aimed at finding the critical existance of the Indonesian agricultural regeneration caused by the structural constraints. Theycan be in the form of political large-sacle land alocation for corporates; and other stuctural patriarchal and grontocraticconstraints; instead of the young generations’ motivation. If the above constraints are able to be eliminated, as two cases inHalmahera islands and one village in Kulonprogo regency, Yogyakarta, there will be large opportunity for them. The youths’enthusiasm will grow if there is an open access for them. The access can be in the form of land, work opportunity, knowledge onagriculture as well as agricultural policy for household-scale.Keywords: youth farming generation, alocation policy, patriarchal and grontocratic cultures, access.Abstrak: Optimisme peran dan persistensi petani kecil sebagaimana pandangan Alexander Chayanov perlu lebih didalami denganmelihat komposisi demografis keluarga masyarakat tani, khususnya generasi muda mereka. Tulisan ini mengkaji adanya krisisregenerasi pertanian Indonesia yang lebih disebabkan adanya kendala-kendala struktural berupa politik pengalokasian tanahskala besar untuk korporasi; dan kendala kultural yang bersifat patriarkis dan grontokratis; alih-alih absennya motivasi generasimuda. Ketika kendala-kendala tersebut dapat dihilangkan, sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan dalam kasus di dua desa di kepulauanHalmahera dan satu desa di Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, maka terbuka peluang besar keterlibatan mereka. Antusiasme generasimuda akan tumbuh ketika segenap akses terbuka luas bagi mereka, yakni berupa tanah, keterbukaan tenaga kerja, pengetahuanpertanian, serta kebijakan pertanian skala rumah tangga.Kata kunci: generasi muda pertanian, politik alokasi, budaya patriarkis dan grontokratis, akses
SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO – INQUIETUDES E DESAFIOS
Authors: Sarlet Ingo Wolfgang , Molinaro Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2018

Tecnologia afeta o desempenho de nossas organizações, como realizamos nossos trabalhos e como conduzimos nossas vidas diárias, de outro lado, a informação pode ser a principal mercadoria de uma economia da informação em uma era da informação, mas os formuladores de políticas precisam perceber que a informação não é apenas uma mercadoria. É também um insumo essencial para a inovação, a criação de conhecimento, a educação e o discurso social e político, assim, o maior desafio na sociedade da informação exige que as pessoas tenham de aprender a aprender - tornar-se capazes de identificar problemas, gerar ideias, aplicar crítica à fonte, resolver problemas e trabalhar em conjunto com outras pessoas. Este artigo examina as perspectivas e os problemas associados a Sociedade da Informação desde quatro pontos de vista: econômico, sociológico, jurídico e político.
A NECESSÁRIA INTERAÇÃO DAS FUNÇÕES DE ESTADO PARA INTERFERÊNCIA QUALIFICADA NAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Gonçalves André Luiz De Matos
Published: July 2018

No presente texto busca-se, em primeiro plano, demonstrar que, em boa parte, a intervenção judicial nas políticas públicas tem como agente catalizador disfunções do primeiro anteparo de controle das políticas públicas, ou seja, o Legislativo auxiliado pelas Cortes de Contas. Desse vácuo de ação nasce uma atuação hipertrofiada e, até certo ponto, desqualificado pelo desaparelhamento para decidir nesse ambiente multidisciplinar. Na sequência, a abordagem trata das potencialidades funcionais dos Tribunais de Contas e os possíveis meios de acoplamento com a função judicante do estado.
Kepemimpinan Wanita Sebagai Kepala Sekolah Studi di SD Negeri Kecamatan Balung Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Priatiningsih Selasi
Published: July 2018

The research aims at describing types as well as teachers perception on woman principal leadership in Public Primary School in Balung subdistrict. The research approach was quantitative with survey research to gather a general descrition of woman principal leadership. Data collection was carried out through questionnaire and interview technique to 54 teachers at Public Primary School lead by women principals. The sample was population sample because it used the whole participants as the sample. The results of the research showed that the dominant type of 5 women principals included in personal type of leadership which is indicated by mean 10.147 (SD 1.393) whereas otoriter type became the smallest score included as minor type which was indicated by mean 9.056 (1.224). teachers perception showed that leadership stye of woman principles was inclined to be feminine with mean 3.68 and transformational style indicated by mean 3.11 which was supported bu two insicators by masculine and transactional styles.

Keywords: Woman Leadership, Women Principles, Balung Public Primary School
Konsep Komunikasi Pendidikan dalam Alqur`An Surat Lukman
Authors: Prananosa Ahmad Gawdy , Pestalozi Dooni , Adisel Adisel
Published: July 2018

This study aims to examine the concept of educational communication in alqur`an letter Lukman. This research is designed using qualitative approach by applying literature research method. The data used in this study comes from primary data and secondary data, while the primary data are the Qur'anic Manuscript of Lukman and supported by the hadiths of the Prophet relevant to the research problem, while the secondary data comes from books, magazines and written documents. The conclusion of this study reveals that the concept of educational communication in Surat Lukman is indicated by the dialogical atmosphere between father and son in an effort to achieve the salvation of life in the world and in the hereafter. The term dialogis here indicates that there is an element of communication between two people, in this case father and son. Father is a communicator or initiator of ideas in planning the atmosphere of the dialogue. But also he is at the same time the listener (in feedback dialogue) so that he at once became a communicant

Keyword: Education Communication, al-Qur`an Surat Lukman
FORMATION OF KEY COMPETENCES WHEN STUDYING DISCIPLINE «WORLD ART CULTURE»
Authors: Nikitina I. A.
Published: July 2018

In this article questions on creation of conditions for development of the creative person of the student, her self-determination and self-realization are considered. The main objectives of teaching World art culture are marked out: development of research activity of students which will serve achievement of one of the most important purposes of education - to think independently, to be able to put and solve problems, attracting knowledge from the different fields of science, acquisition of own cultural experience. The aspects promoting formation of complete system in perception of art and an art picture of the world, allowing to enter the identity of the trainee into space of art culture, to create in are considered it is mute readiness and ability to independent spiritual development of true, art values. The problem of knowledge of students in the field of art isn’t solved adequately used today textbooks on world art culture. In the course of socialization and interaction with mass culture and media at students own cultural experience is formed and they become objects and subjects of vigorous cognitive activity. The program of training in world art culture provides to the student some kind of “construction material" for forming of own course of life of development. In the light of it the role of the teacher who is competently directing cogitative activity of the student increases.
INTEGRATED NON-FINANCIAL CORPORATE REPORTING ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Medvedeva O. E.
Published: July 2018

The article discusses the legal and economic problems of development in Russia of a new tool of environmental management aimed at environmental protection and implemented through the concept of Integrated non-financial corporate reporting in sustainable development. Summarizes international approaches accounting community to this field, practice shows the preparation of the integrated non-financial reporting of the Russian company-mi, identifies the main problems and disadvantages of the preparation of the integrated non-financial reporting in relation to environmental components does domestic companies. To eliminate these disadvantages it is proposed to show the process of formation of the company’s value under the influence of factors of sustainable development in the preparation of integrated non-financial reporting through the integration of environmental risks, expressed in terms of the assessment of potential and actual environmental damage. Currently, the legal definition of “environmental damage" in the Russian legislation is missing. There are also no grades of environmental damage, which hinders an adequate assessment of environmental risks that could be reflected in integrated non-financial reporting. In order to eliminate the problems of preparation of integrated non-financial reporting by Russian companies, it is proposed to eliminate gaps in the legal and methodological regulation of issues of assessment and compensation of environmental damage and adoption of a specialized regulatory document in this area in the form of a standard for assessing environmental damage.
IMPROVEMENT OF SYSTEM OF ENTERTAINMENTS AND REST AS FACTOR OF EXTENSION OF THE TOURIST SEASON IN THE TERRITORY OF KRASNODAR KRAI
Authors: Zakharova I. Y. , Ryzhivolova E. A.
Published: July 2018

Krasnodar Krai offers full range of services, directed to rest, treatment, entertainment of tourists. The resort base of the region is based on the Soviet traditions. The enterprises of placement, food are at the moment modernized according to requirements of certification, the new enterprises of various category are constructed. Sanatorium treatment, offers, both the old technologies of treatment, and new based on use of the modern equipment, new techniques of treatment. At the present stage of development of a tourist complex, besides accommodation and food, more and more demanded is an entertainment complex designed to prolong a resort season. At present the deficiency of the enterprises of this complex is observed though the natural and recreational, cultural and historical, infrastructure and social and economic situation allows to create the similar enterprises of various thematic orientation. The analysis of the provided services of one of the modern enterprises of an entertainment complex of the Tiki-Tak aquapark located in Anapa reveals the general tendency in this complex. The offered actions, on improvement of activity can be adopted by other large entertainment centers.
Günümüz Çocuklarına Osmanlıyı Öğretmek: Bir Rüya Bir Osmanlı Serisi
Authors: ERDAL Kelime
Published: July 2018

Geçmişten geleceğe uzanan sağlam köprülerin atılmasında önemli yeri olan tarih eğitimi, öncelikle bireyin ne olduğunu ne olmadığını anlamasına yardımcı olur. Teknoloji ile donanmış, sanal dünyanın büyüsüne kapılarak adeta kendini unutmuş nesillere, geçmişleri doğru anlatılmaz ve sevdirilmezse önce bireyler, sonra toplumlar zarar görecektir. Atalarının geçmişini öğrenmek, onların vatan uğruna nasıl çabaladıklarını bilmek, çocuğu bencillikten kurtaracak, sahip olduğu değerlerin önemini kavratacaktır. Geçmişini iyi bilen bireyler ve toplumlar, edindiği tecrübelerle geleceğe daha sağlam adımlar atabilirler. Bilgiyi öğrenmenin birçok yolu vardır ancak çocuklar daha çok ders kitapları ile iç içedirler. Ders kitapları bilgiyi öğretici bir dille çocuğa ulaştırır. Burada kullanılan öğretici dil, çocuk için kimi zaman sıkıcı olabilir. Çocuk kitapları, çocuklara vermek istediği bilgiyi kurgu dünyasında eritir, yeniden yoğurur, aslına sadık kalmak şartıyla şekil verir ve estetik unsurlarla besleyerek sanat eseri haline getirir. Çocuk bu sayede sıkılmadan öğrenir. İşte tarih konulu çocuk kitapları tam da bu noktada önem kazanmaktadır. Çocuklar için hazırlanan Bir Rüya Osmanlı serisinde yer alan kitaplar Osmanlıyı nasıl anlatmaktadır? Bu kitaplar Osmanlıyı ne kadar yansıtmaktadır? Bu kitaplar sıkıcı bir üslupla mı yoksa çocuğun düzeyinde ve eğlenceli bir üslupla mı öğretmektedir? Araştırma kapsamında incelenen Bir Rüya Bir Osmanlı serisinde yer alan on kitap, yukarıdaki sorulara cevaplar aranarak incelenmiş, sonuçlara ulaşılmış, elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Prediction of the pull-out strength of chemical anchors in natural stone
Authors: Contrafatto L. , Cosenza R.
Published: July 2018

The applicability of some numerical models for the prediction of the failure mechanism and of the bearing capacity of post-installed threaded rods chemically anchored in basalt, sandstone and limestone is investigated, as well as the reliability of theoretical formulations conceived for concrete. The numerical predictions, performed by means of engineering structural analysis software and advanced numerical codes, are compared with the results of an experimental research related to chemical anchors in natural stone. The minimum embedment depth for such fastening system is identified.
A finite-element approach for the analysis of pin-bearing failure of composite laminates
Authors: Marino Michele , Nerilli Francesca , Vairo Giuseppe
Published: July 2018

In this paper, a numerical home-made finite element model for the failure analysis of bolted joints between fiber-reinforced composite laminates is presented. The model is based on an incremental displacementbased approach, it is hinged on the laminate theory and on a progressive material degradation governed by the failure of composite constituents. The model has been applied to a pin-plate system comprising a monodirectional fiber-reinforced laminated plate, and numerical results in terms of the bearing failure load have been successfully compared with available experimental data. Aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of Rotem’s and Huang’s failure criteria in predicting the pin-bearing failure of bolted joints. The selected criteria act at different material scale: the former operating at the laminate level, while the latter at the constituent’s scale. Proposed results seems to suggest that failure criteria accounting for micro-structural stress-strain localization mechanisms (for instance, Huang’s criterion) give a more accurate estimate in terms of pin-bearing failure load.
Modification of creep and low cycle fatigue behaviour induced by welding
Authors: Carofalo A. , Dattoma V. , Nobile R. , Panella F.W. , Alfeo G. , Scialpi A. , Zanon G.P.
Published: July 2018

In this work, the mechanical properties of Waspaloy superalloy have been evaluated in case of welded repaired material and compared to base material. Test program considered flat specimens on base and TIG welded material subjected to static, low-cycle fatigue and creep test at different temperatures. Results of uniaxial tensile tests showed that the presence of welded material in the gage length specimen does not have a relevant influence on yield strength and UTS. However, elongation at failure of TIG material was reduced with respect to the base material. Moreover, low-cycle fatigue properties have been determined carrying out tests at different temperature (room temperature RT and 538°C) in both base and TIG welded material. Welded material showed an increase of the data scatter and lower fatigue strength, which was anyway not excessive in comparison with base material. During test, all the hysteresis cycles were recorded in order to evaluate the trend of elastic modulus and hysteresis area against the number of cycles. A clear correlation between hysteresis and fatigue life was found. Finally, creep test carried out on a limited number of specimens allowed establishing some changes about the creep rate and time to failure of base and welded material. TIG welded specimen showed a lower time to reach a fixed strain or failure when a low stress level is applied. In all cases, creep behaviour of welded material is characterized by the absence of the tertiary creep.
Degradation assessment of waterlogged wood at Haimenkou site
Authors: Jingran Gao , Jian Li , Jian Qiu , Menglin Guo
Published: July 2018

Haimenkou site is the largest railing-enclosed wooden architecture settlement site on the waterfront in current China. This research conducts degradation assessment of waterlogged wood at Haimenkou site with various methods, including maximum moisture content analysis, basic density analysis, shrinkage measurement, swelling analysis, chemical composition analysis, measurement of compression strength parallel to grain, SEM microstructure analysis and measurement of crystallinity, providing scientific guidance for the subsequent formulation of proper methods of reinforcement.
Research on parameters optimization of bilateral ring gear blank-holder in thick-plate fine blanking
Authors: Su C.J. , Dong X.H. , Guo S.M. , L.Li Q. , Li T.T.
Published: July 2018

To compensate for the poor quality of thick-plate blanking parts in cross-section, this paper suggests using the optimizing bilateral ring gear holder parameters to increase burnish zone and improve cutting precision. With the bilateral gear ring, the hydrostatic pressure of shear deformation zone will increase, plasticity of the material will be lifted to maximum and quality of the cross section will be raised. This paper establishes 8mm AISI-1020 fine blanking model by DEFORM2D, analysis different ring gear parameters and clearance that are influenced the stress-strain and cross section quality to predict forming defects. By using the bilateral gear ring blank holder, the poor quality of thick-plate blanking section is successfully enhanced. Therefore, the bilateral gear ring blank holder is vital to improve the quality of blanking parts and provide the reliable theory basis for the practical engineering application.
Some relationships between the peak stresses and the local strain energy density for cracks subjected to mixed-mode (I+II) loading
Authors: Meneghetti G. , Campagnolo A. , Berto F.
Published: July 2018

In this work, a link between the averaged strain energy density (SED) approach and the peak stress method in the case of cracks subjected to mixed mode (I+II) loading has been investigated. Some closed-form expressions of the strain energy density, averaged in a volume of radius R0, as function of the Stress Intensity Factors are provided for plane strain conditions under mixed mode I+II loadings, the material being thought of as isotropic and linear elastic. On the basis of the peak stress method (PSM) some expressions useful to estimate the mode I and mode II stress intensity factors (SIFs) have been recently derived. These relationships take advantage of the elastic peak stresses from FE analyses carried out by using a given mesh pattern where the element size and type are kept constants. The evaluation of the SIFs from a numerical analysis of the local stress field usually requires very refined meshes and then large computational effort. The usefulness of the PSM-based expressions is that (i) only the elastic peak stresses numerically evaluated at the crack tip are needed and not a set of stress–distance data; (ii) the employed meshes are rather coarse if compared to those necessary for the evaluation of the whole local stress field. By substituting the PSM-based relationships in the closed-form expressions of the averaged SED it appears that the latter can be directly estimated by means of the elastic peak stresses evaluated at the crack tip. Several FE analyses have been carried out on cracked plates subjected to tension loading considering different geometrical combinations, varying the length 2a and the inclination ? of the crack (i.e. the mode mixity) as well as the size d of the adopted finite elements, with the aim to evaluate the local SED and the elastic peak stress components ?peak and ?peak. In all cases the numerical values of the SED derived from the FE analyses have been compared with those analytically obtained by using the expressions for the SED based on the elastic peak stresses, in order to verify the range of applicability of the proposed relationships.
Effective stress assessment at rectangular rounded lateral notches
Authors: Maggiolini Enrico , Tovo Roberto , Livieri Paolo
Published: July 2018

Rectangular lateral notches are not common engineering components, thus little research attention has been directed towards the investigation of their stress field properties. Indeed, no in-depth investigations have been conducted to date to assess their effective stress distributions according to the effective stress definitions provided by more recent non-local approaches (i.e. critical distance, average values, implicit gradient values, etc.). In fact, the potential applications of this kind of investigation are not even particularly relevant. However, rectangular notches could provide an interesting theoretical and experimental benchmark or reference case in order to validate the effective stress definitions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the linear elastic stress field at edges, corners and in the surrounding material of rectangular, sharp or rounded lateral notches. The consequent effective values of these notches are evaluated in relation to brittle fracture or their predicted fatigue strength values. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the relationship between geometrical proportions and the location of critical failure points according to the definitions of effective stress proposed in the literature.
A numerical study of non-linear crack tip parameters
Authors: Antunes F.V. , Branco R. , Correia L. , Ramalho AL
Published: July 2018

Crack closure concept has been widely used to explain different issues of fatigue crack propagation. However, different authors have questioned the relevance of crack closure and have proposed alternative concepts. The main objective here is to check the effectiveness of crack closure concept by linking the contact of crack flanks with non-linear crack tip parameters. Accordingly, 3D-FE numerical models with and without contact were developed for a wide range of loading scenarios and the crack tip parameters usually linked to fatigue crack growth, namely range of cyclic plastic strain, crack tip opening displacement, size of reversed plastic zone and total plastic dissipation per cycle, were investigated. It was demonstrated that: i) LEFM concepts are applicable to the problem under study; ii) the crack closure phenomenon has a great influence on crack tip parameters decreasing their values; iii) the ?Keff concept is able to explain the variations of crack tip parameters produced by the contact of crack flanks; iv) the analysis of remote compliance is the best numerical parameter to quantify the crack opening level; v) without contact there is no effect of stress ratio on crack tip parameters. Therefore it is proved that the crack closure concept is valid.
Synchrotron 3D characterization of arrested fatigue cracks initiated from small tilted notches in steel
Authors: Lorenzino P. , Buffiere J.-Y. , Okazaki S. , Matsunaga H. , Murakami Y. , Matsunaga H.
Published: July 2018

High resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography has been used to obtain 3D images of arrested cracks initiated at small artificial defects located on the surface of cylindrical steel specimens subjected to mode I fatigue loading. These defects consist in small semi-circular slits tilted at 0¢X, 30¢X or 60¢X with respect to the plane normal to the loading axis; all of them had the same defect size, area = 188 £gm, where the area denotes the area of the domain defined by projecting the defect on a plane normal to the loading axis. Arrested cracks initiated from the notch were observed for all tilt angles at the surface of samples cycled at the fatigue limit (stress amplitude at which the specimen does not fail after 1¡Ñ107 cycles). High resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography has been used to obtain 3D images of those small defects and non-propagating cracks (NPC). Despite the fact that steel is a highly attenuating material for X rays, high resolution 3D images of the cracks and of the initiating defects were obtained (0.65 ƒÝm voxel size). The values of surface crack length measured by tomography are the same as those obtained by optical microscope measurements. The area values present the same tendency as the surface length of NPC, i.e. larger non-propagating cracks areas were observed in the softer steel. In the extreme case of 60o tilted defect, the crack fronts appear much more discontinuous with several cracks propagating in mode I until arrest.
Effect of fibre arrangement on the multiaxial fatigue of fibrous composites: a micromechanical computational model
Authors: Brighenti Roberto , Carpinteri Andrea , Scorza Daniela
Published: July 2018

Structural components made of fibre-reinforced materials are frequently used in engineering applications. Fibre-reinforced composites are multiphase materials, and complex mechanical phenomena take place at limit conditions but also during normal service situations, especially under fatigue loading, causing a progressive deterioration and damage. Under repeated loading, the degradation mainly occurs in the matrix material and at the fibre-matrix interface, and such a degradation has to be quantified for design structural assessment purposes. To this end, damage mechanics and fracture mechanics theories can be suitably applied to examine such a problem. Damage concepts can be applied to the matrix mechanical characteristics and, by adopting a 3-D mixed mode fracture description of the fibre-matrix detachment, fatigue fracture mechanics concepts can be used to determine the progressive fibre debonding responsible for the loss of load bearing capacity of the reinforcing phase. In the present paper, a micromechanical model is used to evaluate the unixial or multiaxial fatigue behaviour of structures with equi-oriented or randomly distributed fibres. The spatial fibre arrangement is taken into account through a statistical description of their orientation angles for which a Gaussian-like distribution is assumed, whereas the mechanical effect of the fibres on the composite is accounted for by a homogenization approach aimed at obtaining the macroscopic elastic constants of the material. The composite material behaves as an isotropic one for randomly distributed fibres, while it is transversally isotropic for unidirectional fibres. The fibre arrangement in the structural component influences the fatigue life with respect to the biaxiality ratio for multiaxial constant amplitude fatigue loading. One representative parametric example is discussed.
Modelling 3D crack propagation in ageing graphite bricks of Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor power plant
Authors: Vo Thi-Tuyet-Giang , Martinuzzi Philippe , Tran Van-Xuan , McLachlan Neil , Steer Alan
Published: July 2018

In this paper, crack propagation in Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) graphite bricks with ageing properties is studied using the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM). A parametric study for crack propagation, including the influence of different initial crack shapes and propagation criteria, is conducted. The results obtained in the benchmark study show that the crack paths from X-FEM are similar to the experimental ones. The accuracy of the strain energy release rate computation in a heterogeneous material is also evaluated using a finite difference approach. Planar and non-planar 3D crack growth simulations are presented to demonstrate the robustness and the versatility of the method utilized. Finally, this work contributes to the better understanding of crack propagation behaviour in AGR graphite bricks and so contributes to the extension of the AGR plants’ lifetimes in the UK by reducing uncertainties.
Effect of cracking and randomness of inputs on corrosion initiation of reinforced concrete bridge decks exposed to chlorides
Authors: Konecny P. , Lehner P.
Published: July 2018

The paper is aimed at the indicative evaluation of the effect of random scatter of input parameters in case of durability of reinforced concrete bridge deck. The time to onset of corrosion of steel reinforcement of concrete bridge deck exposed to chloride is evaluated. The effect of cracking in concrete onto chloride ingress is considered. The selected steel reinforcement protection strategies are: unprotected steel reinforcement, epoxy-coated steel reinforcement and water-proof barrier bellow asphalt overlay. The preliminary model for damage effect on chloride ion ingress through water proof membrane under penetrable asphalt overlay is used. 2-D finite element chloride ingress model is combined with Monte Carlo simulation technique. The innovative crack effect modeling via highly penetrable elements is applied. Deterministic and probabilistic calculations are compared.
Statistical analysis of fatigue crack propagation data of materials from ancient portuguese metallic bridges
Authors: Correia J.A.F.O. , De Jesus A.M.P. , Calcada R. , Pedrosa B. , Rebelo C. , da Silva Luis Simoes , ISISE, Department of Civil Engineering, G.
Published: July 2018

In Portugal there is a number of old metallic riveted railway and highway bridges that were erected by the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, and are still in operation, requiring inspections and remediation measures to overcome fatigue damage. Residual fatigue life predictions should be based on actual fatigue data from bridge materials which is scarce due to the material specificities. Fatigue crack propagation data of materials from representative Portuguese riveted bridges, namely the Pinhão and Luiz I road bridges, the Viana road/railway bridge, the Fão road bridge and the Trezói railway bridge were considered in this study. The fatigue crack growth rates were correlated using the Paris’s law. Also, a statistical analysis of the pure mode I fatigue crack growth (FCG) data available for the materials from the ancient riveted metallic bridges is presented. Based on this analysis, design FCG curves are proposed and compared with BS7910 standard proposal, for the Paris region, which is one important fatigue regime concerning the application of the Fracture Mechanics approaches, to predict the remnant fatigue life of structural details.
Sound Absorption Characterization of Natural Materials and Sandwich Structure Composites
Authors: Zhang Jichun , Shen Yiou , Jiang Bing , Li Yan
Published: July 2018

Natural fiber and wood are environmentally friendly materials with multiscale microstructures. The sound absorption performance of flax fiber and its reinforced composite, as well as balsa wood, were evaluated using the two-microphone transfer function technique with an impedance tube system. The microstructures of natural materials were studied through scanning electrical microscope in order to reveal their complex acoustical dissipation mechanisms. The sound absorption coefficients of flax fiber fabric were predicted using a double-porosity model, which showed relatively accurate results. The integrated natural materials sandwich structure was found to provide a superior sound absorption performance compared to the synthetic-materials-based sandwich structure composite due to the contribution of their multiscale structures to sound wave attenuation and energy dissipation. It was concluded that the natural-materials-based sandwich structure has the potential of being used as a sound absorption structure, especially at high frequency.