bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Resilience in Preventing Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hamim Nur , Addiarto Widya , Nur Rahmat Nafolion
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Corona Virus Disease 2019 atau yang kita kenal dengan (Covid-19) telah membuat dampak yang sangat siqnifikan terhadap tatanan kehidupan di masyarakat bahkan di seluruh dunia. Keluarga memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam pencegahan Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyusun model ketahanan keluarga melalui keyakinan, manajemen keluarga, komunikasi dan kepedulian sosial dalam menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan memberikan penjelasan (explanatory research) menggunakan sampel dari populasi sebanyak 96 keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh ketahanan keluarga beberapa faktor diantaranya: keyakinan dengan nilai 14,972 (t-value > 1.96), komunikasi dengan nilai 13,784 (t-value > 1.96), manajemen dengan nilai 23,071 (t-value > 1.96) dan terakhir layanan sosial dengan nilai 8,200 (t-value > 1.96). Dengan demikian bahwa ketahanan keluarga akan sangat dipengaruhi oleh cara keluarga dalam memahami pelayanan yang diberikan oleh keluarga satu dengan anggota keluarga lainya, sehingga akan memberikan kontribusi setiap ada kondisi yang memerlukan perlakuan yang semestinya.
Kata kunci: ketahanan, kepercayaan, komunikasi, manajemen, pelayanan sosial
 
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019, often known as Covid-19, has had a profound effect on society, even globally, including Indonesia. The family is the smallest entity that interacts directly with the people in it; hence, it plays a crucial role in preventing Covid-19. This study employs a cross-sectional design, which involves selecting a sample of 96 households from a population and employing a questionnaire as a tool for gathering fundamental information by examining the impact of the four variables—belief, management, communication, and social services—on the resilience of families during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results show that there is a relationship between family resilience and family beliefs during the Covid-19 pandemic with a t-statistic value of 14,972 (t-value > 1.96), family resilience and family communication with a t-statistic value of 13,784 (t-value > 1.96), family resilience and family management with a t-value of 23,071 (t-value > 1.96) and the last family resilience and social services with a t-statistic value of 8,200 (t-value > 1.96). Thus, family resilience will be greatly influenced by the way of how the family understands the services provided among family members, so that it will contribute whenever there are conditions that require proper treatment.
Keywords: Resilience, Belief, Communication, Management, Social Services
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Lercanidipine Compared to Amlodipine as an Addition to Renin-angiotensin System Blockers in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients with Albuminuria in Thailand
Authors: Russameeruttayadham Kamolpat , Thavornwattanayong Wiwat , Ueapanjasin Piyanut , Lertsirimunkong Jadesada
Published: August 2024

Objective: Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCBs) is an appropriate add-on antihypertensive option for uncontrolled blood pressure diabetic hypertensive patients with albuminuria who are already taking renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASBs). Among DHP-CCBs, amlodipine is the first-line medication in combination with RASBs. However, new-generation DHP-CCBs like lercanidipine has demonstrated superior effectiveness and fewer side effects, although at a higher cost than amlodipine. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of lercanidipine versus amlodipine when added to RASBs in diabetic hypertensive patients with albuminuria. The objective is to provide robust evidence guiding the selection of the most suitable and worthwhile treatment option in Thailand.
Materials and Methods: This study analyses the cost-effectiveness of lercanidipine versus amlodipine as an addition to RASBs in diabetic hypertensive patients with albuminuria. The analysis was conducted from a societal perspective using a Markov model.
Results: The total costs of lercanidipine and amlodipine treatments were 370,392.83 baht and 384,221.85 baht, respectively. The life years gained for lercanidipine and amlodipine treatments were 11.33 years and 10.96 years respectively. Additionally, the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of lercanidipine and amlodipine treatments were 8.06 years and 7.51 years respectively.
Conclusion: Due to lercanidipine's noticeable cost-effectiveness, lower costs, and longer QALYs. Adding lercanidipine has proven to be more cost-effective than amlodipine for diabetic hypertensive patients with albuminuria who have been unable to achieve their blood pressure goals with RASBs alone. Therefore, lercanidipine should be the preferred choice as an add-on to RASBs in Thailand. These results could significantly aid policymakers in making informed decisions.
Nicotine Gum in Thai Smokers with Different CYP2A6 Enzymes: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Authors: Moesan Kathy , Phetnoi Khwanruan , Buathong Napakkawat , Chariyavilaskul Pajaree , Wattanavijitkul Thitima , Sukarnjanaset Waroonrat
Published: August 2024

Objective: Despite the popularity of nicotine gum in Thailand, population pharmacokinetics of nicotine gum in the Thai population has not been investigated. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (POPPK) model of nicotine and to quantify the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors to nicotine pharmacokinetics.
Materials and Methods: Secondary data collected from a previous clinical trial assessing cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotypes in Thai smokers was investigated. Eighteen participants who had received a single dose of 2 mg nicotine gum were included. Blood samples were collected before, at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 hours after nicotine administration. POPPK analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effect modelling.
Results: One-compartment with 1st order elimination and absorption with 6-transit compartments best described the data. CYP2A6 enzyme activity was a significant covariate on the nicotine clearance. Apparent elimination clearance (CL/F) for a person with 100% CYP2A6 activity was 266.0 L/h. CL/F would be 36.0 L/h in a subject with 0% CYP2A6 activity. However, the impact of non-genetic factors (monthly alcohol consumption, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score and the number of cigarettes per day) on pharmacokinetics of nicotine were not found.
Conclusion: This first report on population pharmacokinetics of nicotine gum in Thai smokers provided the pharmacokinetic model and quantified CL/F for smokers with different CYP2A6 genotypes. A markedly lower exposure to nicotine in the Thai population compared to others highlights the need for more studies to ensure the efficacy of nicotine gum in the Thai population.
Prevalence of Abnormal Cerebroplacental Ratio in Uncomplicated Full-term Pregnancy and Correlation with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Ounphamornlah Natrada , Luangdansakul Wiyada , Orungrote Nawabhorn , Pleankong Monyada , Petcharat Kanyarat , Metaneedol Suthasinee , Smanchat Buppa , Hamarapravatana Kornkarn , Suwannarurk Komsun
Published: August 2024

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of abnormal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and predicting values for adverse perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated full-term pregnancies.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Thailand between July and December 2023. The study population comprised pregnant women between the ages 18 and 45 presenting uncomplicated full-term pregnancies. Transabdominal ultrasonography in Doppler color mode was performed on all participants. Umbilical artery pulsatility index (UAPI) and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCAPI) were both measured. CPR was calculated by MCAPI divided by UAPI. A CPR value was considered low if it was less than 1.03. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes were recorded including route of delivery, gestational age (GA) at delivery, obstetric complications, Apgar score, neonatal birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and fetal non-reassuring tracing (FNR).
Results: A total of 250 pregnant women were recruited. The mean maternal age and GA was 27.7 years, 39.6 weeks, respectively. Low CPR prevalence was recorded at 16.4 percent. There were 41 and 209 cases in low (<1.03) and normal (≥1.03) CPR groups, respectively. UAPI and MCAPI of the normal/low CPR group were 0.8/1.3 and 1.1/0.9 with statistical significance. CPR for predicted value of FNR (1.03) gave sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV at 95.5, 91.2, 51.2 and 99.5 percent, respectively. This study presented no adverse perinatal outcomes.
Conclusion: Low CPR prevalence was 16.4 percent. Normal CPR values measured within a week before birth was a good indicator of normal perinatal outcomes.
Conversion Therapy for Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Intralawan Thita , Methasate Asada , Parakonthun Thammawat , Nampoolsuksan Chawisa , Taweerutchana Voraboot , Trakarnsanga Atthaphorn , Phalanusitthepha Chainarong , Swangsri Jirawat , Akaraviputh Thawatchai , Chinswangwatanakul Vitoon
Published: August 2024

Peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer has a poor prognosis and is increasing in prevalence. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used for advanced tumors; however, surgery is generally not considered for metastatic and unresectable diseases. Recently, conversion surgery, a treatment which aims for an R0 resection following chemotherapy, has become a novel therapeutic option with better survival rates. In addition to surgery, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) leads to significant tumor reduction, but it is limited by its morbidity. Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) delivers high concentrations of chemotherapy, but does not remove the tumor, making it useful mostly in palliative settings. Intraperitoneal (IP) therapy, known for its minimally invasive nature and repeatability, shows promise but requires further research. Ultimately, an integrated approach involving systemic chemotherapy, radical gastrectomy, HIPEC, PIPAC and IP chemotherapy can be used to optimize treatment outcomes of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.
Effective Epidural Analgesia during Labor: A Feasible Method to Decrease Unnecessary Cesarean Deliveries in Thailand
Authors: Lertkovit Saranya , Camann William R.
Published: August 2024

Thailand has reported a high rate of cesarean delivery (45%–55%), prompting global concern about an increase in cesarean delivery rates. Fear of labor pains is one of the most common reasons pregnant women opt for cesarean delivery. Labor pain is associated with cervix dilation and fetal descent into the birth canal, which is exacerbated by ischemic pain caused by uterine contraction. Modern medical and non-medical techniques have demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain and ensuring safety during labor and delivery. Neuraxial labor analgesia is a highly effective medical pain relief method but has no effect on the rate of cesarean or assisted vaginal delivery. Medication administration for pain relief during labor, using a combination of a local anesthetic and an opioid, was observed to be transmitted across the placenta to the fetus, but had no significant effects on fetal outcomes in mothers who chose epidural analgesia. There are several techniques for administering neuraxial labor analgesia that can be customized for each pregnant woman. To achieve the most wonderful feasible labor and delivery experience, effective epidural labor analgesia is a crucial technique for reducing anxiety and suffering about labor pain. It is safe, widely used world-wide, and effective. Implementing a policy to increase public and medical providers awareness and acceptance of labor pain relief, as well as establishing a safe obstetric anesthesia service provided by obstetric anesthesiologists, could improve maternal and neonatal safety while significantly lowering the rate of unnecessary cesarean deliveries.
A Reciprocal Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, and Cancer: A Review
Authors: Noel Khalida I.
Published: August 2024

Oxidative stress is a defense mechanism that occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive metabolites and free radicals and the antioxidants' ability to eliminate them. Reactive metabolites are free radicals referred to as oxidants or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells are harmed by this imbalance, which may influence the entire body. When the intra- and extracellular environmental circumstances in cells change, ROS is essential for stimulating the corresponding signaling pathways. All aspects of carcinogenesis, including prevention and treatment, are tightly associated with reactive species, particularly ROS. Numerous tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes are deregulated by ROS, which also modify several cellular signaling pathways. However, most chemotherapy drugs and even radiation therapy dramatically raise the ROS concentrations in the tumor microenvironment. Antioxidants cause programmed cell death, which is used in cancer treatment; yet people receiving chemotherapy benefit from antioxidants. Nevertheless, the exact processes underlying this anticancer action remain unclear. Many studies carried out in laboratories and on animals revealed high concentrations of exogenic antioxidants, that inhibit the forms of free radical injury linked with the formation of cancer. There haven't been many human clinical trials looking into the potential of dietary supplementation to reduce the risk of cancer development or death. Since there have been studies on the advantages and downsides of antioxidants in the treatment of cancer, several considerations need to be deemed before administering antioxidant supplements. In conclusion, little is known about the mechanism underlying antioxidant effect in cancer treatment.
About Issue 3 of 2024
Authors: Izarova Iryna
Published: August 2024

This summer 2024 issue of AJEE offers an extensive collection of articles that delve into various critical aspects of law and justice, providing readers with in-depth analyses and fresh perspectives on contemporary legal issues. The featured articles cover a wide range of topics, from the legal features of collaborationist activities in the context of the Russian occupation of Ukrainian territory to the role of the prosecutor's office in addressing human rights violations in Kazakhstan.
Fans' behaviour in selecting green accommodations
Authors: Pesci Annamaria , Marrucci Luca , Daddi Tiberio , Iraldo Fabio
Published: August 2024

Sport tourism has become an increasingly popular global phenomenon, merging the allure of sporting events with the adventure of travel. Given the scale of such events and the transient spike in population they induce, it is crucial to consider sustainable practices, particularly in choosing accommodations. Green accommodations emerge as a key solution to mitigate the environmental footprint associated with sport tourism. This study investigates the behaviour of sports fans in selecting green accommodations, highlighting the increasing preference for environmentally responsible travel options in the context of sport tourism. Following the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this research assesses how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control influence fans’ decisions towards eco-friendly lodging. Data were collected from an open questionnaire distributed across diverse digital platforms in Italy. The online survey included questions aimed at investigating fans’ preferences and behaviours in selecting green accommodations. Key findings reveal that, while environmental sustainability is not always the primary factor in accommodation choice, there is a notable consciousness towards eco-friendly living among sports tourists. However, the booking of green accommodations often falls short of initial intentions due to factors like limited availability, higher costs, and insufficient information. This study proposes strategies for event organisers and policymakers to bridge this intention-behaviour gap, such as enhancing the visibility of green accommodations and offering incentives to promote sustainable choices. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of consumers’ behaviour in sustainable tourism and underscores the need for integrated efforts to facilitate more environmentally conscious decisions in sport-related travel.
The Principal’s Problem: Anchoring Equity in an Exclusionary System
Authors: Sullivan Teresa
Published: August 2024

This paper, titled "The Principal’s Problem: Anchoring Equity in an Exclusionary System," offers a critical examination of the multifaceted challenges faced by school administrators in navigating an educational landscape marked by growing equity issues, safety concerns, and the mental health crisis among students. Drawing from the author's 35-year experience in various educational roles in Massachusetts, the critical situational analysis delves into the complexities of fostering a safe, inclusive, and equitable school environment amid a youth mental healthcrisis, reactionary legislative demands, and a hostile, binary, social landscape. The first section of the paper emphasizes the evolving role of educators in addressing the emotional well-being and safety of students. It illustrates how external tragedies, such as student suicides and drug overdoses, directly impact school policies and practices. The author highlights systemic inequities, such as disparities in recognition and funding between male and female sports teams and the controversy over gender-specific graduation gown colors, illustrating the difficulties in upholding Title IX and fostering gender equality. The paper further explores the escalation ofgun violence and its profound impact on school safety protocols and legislation. It addresses the administrative burden of complying with a myriad of regulations aimed at ensuring student safety and emotional well-being, from bullying and gender identity to mental health and substance abuse. The first-person narrative critiques the overwhelming expectations placed on school administrators to act as both educational leaders and first responders in a socioeconomically diverse and politically charged environment. It argues for a more holistic approach to educational leadership, one that balances legal and moral obligations to protect free expression with the imperative to create a nurturing and inclusive school culture. The author posits that the real challenge lies in the practical implementation of these ideals.
Ariadne's Thread Metacognition for emancipatory rationality in education
Authors: Zanazzi Silvia
Published: August 2024

Emancipatory rationality in education empowers individuals and promotes social justice.Metacognition and critical thinking play vital roles in supporting this approach by encouraging learners and professionals to reflect on their thinking processes, question assumptions, and develop the ability to engage critically with information. The research presented in this paper falls within the action research framework, which provides for theinvestigation to be conducted in the field based on close collaboration between researchers and practitioners. Action research aims to generate improvement and change in the context in which it is implemented. The roots of this approach can be found in Dewey’s criticism of the traditional separation of knowledge and action and in Freire’s idea of conscientization, the process of developing critical awareness through reflection and action. In their view, learning depends upon uncovering real problems and actual needs. Starting from four criticalincidents, the paper demonstrates how reflective practices based on metacognition can be used to train education professionals. Metacognitive work is essential for analyzing problems and responsibilities and identifying any distortions preventing educational action from responding effectively to people's needs. When faced with an educational problem, the professional needs to be able to use two forms of rationality: heuristic-reflective andemancipatory. The first type of rationality guides through the investigation of the experience to build the necessary knowledge to interpret and manage it. The second makes the educator an agent of transformation and change.
Peran Penting Pancasila Dalam Membangun Kesatuan Dan Keadilan Sosial Terhadap Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Istiqomah Widiarti  , Norma Fitria
Published: August 2024

Pancasila merupakan pedoman dan petunjuk masyarakat dalam melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari. Pancasila adalah dasar negara Indonesia yang memiliki nilai filosofi serta etika. Di dalam pancasila ini terdapat lima sila yaitu, ketuhanan yang maha esa, kemanusian yang adil dan beradap, persatuan Indonesia, kerakyatan yang di pimpin oleh hikmat dalam permusyawaratan perwakilan, keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat indonesia. Dalam sila ini terdapat peran penting dalam perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, 1) mengetahui apa saja peran penting pancasila dalam membangun kesatuan dan keadilan sosial terhadap perlindungan hak asasi manusia; 2) memapaparkan apa saja peran pancisila dalam kesatuan dan keadilan; 3) menganalisis bagaimana pancasila dapat berperan dalam perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatife dengan pendekatan konseptual. Metode penelitian ini membahas prilaku hukum dengan mengkaji Undang-Undang, baik berupa buku-buku ataupun jurnal dan artikel, serta menggunakan pendekatan konseptual yakni memberikan sudut pandang dalam pemecahan masalah hukum dengan melihat konsep serta nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalam hukum. Hasil penelitian artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa pancasila ini memiliki peran dalam masyarakat, seperti menciptakan masyarakat yang tau dan paham akan Hak Asasi Manusia. Hak asasi manusia itu di bagi menjadi empat yakni hak asasi sipil, politik, ekonomi, dan sosial budaya. Peran Pancasila ini menjadikan masyarakat lebih menghargai perbedaan, serta membangun keberagaman dalam segala asasnya untuk menjadikan masyarakat yang adil dan tentram sehingga menghilangkan perpecahan atau perseteruan pada masyarakat. Adanya peran Pancasila dalam nilai kesatuan dan keadilan pada Hak Asasi Manusia menjadikan seseorang lebih dilindungi, dihormati, dan terhindar dari kekerasan atau pelecehan. Dengan demekian, Pancasila mempunyai tugas yang sangat penting untuk menciptakan kesatuan serta keadilan sosial dalam konteks Hak Asasi Manusia.
Integration of Mediation in Divorce Cases Reviewed from Supreme Court Regulation on Court Mediation Procedures
Authors: Junus Nirwan , Sarson Mohamad Taufiq Zulfiqar , Elfikri Nurul Fazri , Muntholib Job Wahidun
Published: August 2024

The court as a law enforcement instrument has been implementing mediation since 2008. However, the success of mediation is still far from what was expected. This indicates that the integration of mediation in the court system has not been effective, especially related to divorce cases. The integration of mediation into court practice, on the one hand, aims to avoid the accumulation of cases and maximize the function of court institutions in resolving adjudicative disputes, but on the other hand, it increases the judges’ workload. Therefore, integrating mediation into court proceedings can be an instrument in reducing the divorce rate. This research uses an empirical normative approach in terms of Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016. The obtained data will be analyzed qualitatively. The research results indicate that the integration of mediation in divorce cases at the Gorontalo City and Regency Religious Courts has prioritized societal values, particularly deliberation to reach the best solution for the parties involved. However, this approach does not seem to align well with the social dynamics in Gorontalo City.  This is because there are still several key factors that hinder achieving the best results through mediation. The failure to reach critical points in these deliberations results in a minimal success rate for mediation in resolving divorce cases, as evidenced by the relatively high number of divorce decisions. This is often due to the parties involved blaming each other and being unwilling to negotiate for a mutual agreement.
Balanced Approach Regulatory Measures for Excise Tax on Tobacco and Nicotine-Based Products with Differential Degrees of Harm
Authors: Mohamad Hashim Haswira Nor , Ibrahim Zuraeda , Ghazali Noorlaila , Yunus Nuridayu , Othman Rani Diana
Published: August 2024

This paper reports a study that analyses regulatory measures for excise tax on tobacco and nicotine-based products in Malaysia.The study highlights current non-optimal nature of excise tax due to a lack of differentiation between the varying degrees of harm caused by different tobacco and nicotine-based products within a given category. The study aims to address this issue by proposing a regulatory measure that adopts a balanced approach to taxing harmful tobacco and nicotine-based products.  A focus group discussion involving a group of experts in tax and excise tax, medical and pharmacology, and law and policy was conducted to gather expert inputs on policy compliance with international standards for excise tax on tobacco and nicotine-based products; effectiveness of current policies in addressing harm differentials;  and setting excise tax rates to balance harm levels and combat illicit trade. This study concludes that, Malaysia should adopt a balanced approach regulatory measures to combat illicit tobacco trade and promote harm reduction and equitable public health outcomes.This study recommends a differentiated excise tax for tobacco products in Malaysia based on harm and addiction levels, aiming tobalance the excise-duty with differential degrees of harm and optimize policy effectiveness towards achieving a smoke-free Malaysia by 2040. The proposed recommendation is aligned with Article 6 Guidelines of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Legal Challenges of AI-Induced Copyright Infringement: Evaluating Liability and Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Digital Era
Authors: Eviani Nanda Yuniza , Maskun Maskun , Faqi Ahmad Fachri
Published: August 2024

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced unprecedented technological advancements and complex legal challenges, particularly in copyright infringement. The capability of the systems to replicate and disseminate copyrighted content without authorization raises questions about the adequacy of existing legal frameworks. Therefore, this research aims to explore the critical question of liability for AI-related copyright infringement, examining the responsibilities of developers, users, and systems. A comprehensive examination of relevant laws and regulations is carried out using a normative qualitative methodology. This is supported by case research and recent legal advancements, with a comprehensive comparison of relevant terms. Legal factors and dispute resolution methods applicable to AI-related copyright infringement are also considered. Due to the systems' autonomy, standard liability frameworks such as Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) cannot address AI-induced infringement. Meanwhile, a fault-based liability strategy that requires proof of purpose or negligence is suggested to improve accountability. This research reports the strengths and weaknesses of using dispute resolution mechanisms to solve copyright infringement. The results show that World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) dispute resolution provides a robust framework for resolving disputes after comparing regulations and mechanism.
Implementation of Linear Regression Method for Calibration and Temperature Measurement on PT100 Temperature Sensor
Authors: Kartika Kartika , Asran Asran , Hasibuan Mhd Perdiansyah , Misriana Misriana
Published: August 2024

The PT100 temperature sensor, a type RTD (resistance temperature detector), is widely employed in industries, particularly for steam boiler temperature regulation. Precise temperature measurement is vital for operational efficiency and safety maintenance. Utilizing linear regression for calibrating and measuring temperature with the PT100 sensor integrated with Arduino Uno and LCD I2C is proposed to enhance accuracy. Testing involved assembling the PT100 sensor with Arduino Uno and LCD I2C. Test data were employed for linear regression to derive the calibration equation. Measurements were conducted by comparing PT100 sensor readings with a digital thermometer across a temperature range of 30ºC to 75ºC at 5ºC intervals, with each temperature point tested five times. Results exhibit good accuracy in temperature measurement with the PT100 sensor, featuring low error and percentage error. The standard deviation indicates consistent measurement. Integration of the PT100 temperature sensor with Arduino Uno and LCD I2C, coupled with linear regression for calibration, yields a precise temperature measurement system. Testing against a digital thermometer demonstrates highly accurate outcomes. This developed system finds application in high-precision temperature measurement for steam boiler operations.
Navigating the human-monkeypox virus interactome: HuPoxNET atlas reveals functional insights
Authors: Kataria Raghav , Duhan Naveen , Kaundal Rakesh
Published: August 2024

Monkeypox virus, a close relative of variola virus, has significantly increased the incidence of monkeypox disease in humans, with several clinical symptoms. The sporadic spread of the disease outbreaks has resulted in the need for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease infection and potential therapeutic targets. Protein–protein interactions play a crucial role in various cellular processes and regulate different immune signals during virus infection. Computational algorithms have gained high significance in the prediction of potential protein interaction pairs. Here, we developed a comprehensive database called HuPoxNET (https://kaabil.net/hupoxnet/) using the state-of-the-art MERN stack technology. The database leverages two sequence-based computational models to predict strain-specific protein–protein interactions between human and monkeypox virus proteins. Furthermore, various protein annotations of the human and viral proteins such as gene ontology, KEGG pathways, subcellular localization, protein domains, and novel drug targets identified from our study are also available on the database. HuPoxNET is a user-friendly platform for the scientific community to gain more insights into the monkeypox disease infection and aid in the development of therapeutic drugs against the disease.
The coupled awareness-epidemic dynamics with individualized self-initiated awareness in multiplex networks
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ye Yixuan , Li Zongyi , Xian Jiajun , Wang Teng , Liu Dandan , Hu Die , Liu Ming
Published: August 2024

The outbreak of an epidemic often stimulates the generation of public awareness about epidemic prevention. This heightened awareness encourages individuals to take proactive protective measures, thereby curbing the transmission of the epidemic. Previous research commonly adopts an assumption that each individual has the same probability of awakening self-protection awareness after infection. However, in the real-world process, different individuals may generate varying awareness responses due to the differences in the amount of information received. Therefore, in this study, we first propose a coupled awareness-epidemic spreading model, where the self-initiated awareness of each individual can be influenced by the number of aware neighbors. Subsequently, we develop a Micro Markov Chain Approach to analyze the proposed model and explore the effects of different dynamic and structural parameters on the coupled dynamics. Findings indicate that individual awareness awakening can effectively promote awareness diffusion within the proposed coupled dynamics and inhibit epidemic transmission. Moreover, the influence of awareness diffusion on epidemic transmission exhibits a metacritical point, from which the epidemic threshold increases with the increase in the awareness diffusion probability. The research findings also suggest that the increase in the average degree of virtual-contact networks can reduce the value of the metacritical point, while the change in the average degree of the physical-contact networks does not affect the metacritical point. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on four real networks and obtain results consistent with the above conclusions. The systematic research findings of this study provide new insights for exploring the interaction between individual awareness and epidemic transmission in the real world.
Sex Differences on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Faghihi Toktam , Assadi Farahnak
Published: August 2024

Effective optimal pharmacotherapy requires a comprehensive understanding of the drug’s pharmacokinetic properties. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences medication pharmacokinetics. However, whether sex differences exist in the pharmacokinetics of drugs for children with CKD is unknown. The primary aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of sex on pharmacokinetics of drugs commonly used for CKD treatment in children. Secondary outcome was to address the impact of sex in CKD disease progression. Electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched from inception, using Mesh terms in English for sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs in children with CKD. No studies have documented sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs for the treatment of CKD in children. As a consequence, it is difficult to predict the effect of sex on pharmacokinetics by extrapolating data from adult studies to children. Evidence to date suggests that girls generally have a higher prevalence and disease progression of CKD when compared to boys regardless of age. Understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs provides practical consideration for dosing optimal medication regimens. Future kinetic studies are needed evaluating the effect of sex on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in children with CKD.
Novel Advances in Cell-Free Therapy for Premature Ovarian Failure (POF): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yahyavi Yahya , Kheradi Niloufar , Karimi Abbas , Ebrahimi-Kalan Abbas , Ramezani Fatemeh , Yousefi Soudabe , Teymouri Nobari Shirin , Sadrekarimi Hourieh , Nouri Mohammad , Edalati Mahdi
Published: August 2024

Premature ovarian failure (POF), is a condition characterized by the early decline of ovulation function. POF is a complex disorder that can be caused by various factors, and the idiopathic form represents a significant proportion of POF patients. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is currently considered the first-line treatment for POF. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), in vitro activation (IVA), stem cell therapy, exosome therapy, microRNAs, and mitochondrial targeting therapies as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach in reproductive medicine. PLT-Exos, a new generation of cells, has been used to treat POF for more than a decade and has been shown to attenuate oocyte morphology and promote the differentiation of theca cells through the upregulation of PI3K/Akt and Bcl2, as well as the downregulation of the Smad and Bax signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current state of the art in the field of PLT-Exos and discusses the advantages and limitations of their potential clinical applications.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Large Language Model (ChatGPT) in Providing Information on Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Gummadi Ramakrishna , Dasari Nagasen , Kumar D. Sathis , Pindiprolu Sai Kiran S.S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models like ChatGPT developed by OpenAI, has demonstrated potential in various domains, including medicine. While ChatGPT has shown the capability to pass rigorous exams like the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, its proficiency in addressing breast cancer-related inquiries—a complex and prevalent disease—remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the accuracy and comprehensiveness of ChatGPT’s responses to common breast cancer questions, addressing a critical gap in the literature and evaluating its potential in enhancing patient education and support in breast cancer management. Methods: A curated list of 100 frequently asked breast cancer questions was compiled from Cancer.net, the National Breast Cancer Foundation, and clinical practice. These questions were input into ChatGPT, and the responses were evaluated for accuracy by two primary experts using a four-point scale. Discrepancies in scoring were resolved through additional expert review. Results: Of the 100 responses, 5 were entirely inaccurate, 22 partially accurate, 42 accurate but lacking comprehensiveness, and 31 highly accurate. The majority of the responses were found to be at least partially accurate, demonstrating ChatGPT’s potential in providing reliable information on breast cancer. Conclusion: ChatGPT shows promise as a supplementary tool for patient education on breast cancer. While generally accurate, the presence of inaccuracies underscores the need for professional oversight. The study advocates for integrating AI tools like ChatGPT in healthcare settings to support patient-provider interactions and health education, emphasizing the importance of regular updates to reflect the latest research and clinical guidelines.
Nanomedicine Strategies Utilizing Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Liver Cancer Therapy: Exploring Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Modalities
Authors: Asgharzadeh Fereshteh , Moradi Binabaj Maryam , Fanoudi Sahar , C. Cho William , Yang Yu-jeong , Azarian Maryam , Shafiee Ardestani Mehdi , Nasiri Nasim , Ramezani Farani Marzieh , Huh Yun Suk
Published: August 2024

Liver cancer, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, following pancreatic cancer. The 5-year overall survival rate for HCC remains relatively low. Currently, there are multiple treatment options available for HCC, including systemic drugs, minimally invasive local therapies such as radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and arterial radioembolization (TARE), as well as surgical interventions like liver resection or transplantation. However, the effectiveness of drug delivery to the cancerous liver is hindered by pathophysiological changes in the organ. In order to address this challenge, lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising platforms for delivering a diverse range of therapeutic drugs. LNPs offer various structural configurations that enhance their physical stability and enable them to accommodate different types of cargo with varying mechanical properties and degrees of hydrophobicity. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the current applications of LNPs in the development of anti-HCC therapies. By examining the existing research, we aim to shed light on the potential future directions and advancements in this field.
Investigating the Occurrence of Dust Storms and its Zoning Using GIS During 2018-2021: A Case Study in Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Jafari Dezfooli Sara
Published: August 2024

Background: A dust storm is a critical environmental issue and natural hazard in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Particulate matters including PM10 and PM2.5 are of the primary air pollutants, which can adversely affect human health. This research aimed to determine the fine dust concentration spatiotemporally and estimate the suspended particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) during 2018-2021 in Ahvaz. Methods: An analytical- descriptive method and the data from synoptic weather stations in the studied area were used in this study. The zoning of dust was done using the kriging method by ArcGIS software. Results: The results indicated that the year 2021 experienced the highest frequency of dusty days, with 54 occurrences, while the year 2019 exhibited the lowest frequency, with only 28 dusty days. Notably, Ahvaz city recorded the highest dust concentration in 2020, reaching an average of 4667 mg/m3 . Based on the findings of PM concentration over the four-year period, it is evident that 2021 recorded the highest PM10 concentration (326.14 mg/m3 ), while 2020 exhibited the highest PM2.5 concentration (148.26 mg/m3 ). Conclusion: The results revealed that there was an increase in dust concentration in the east and north. This is probably attributed to the proximity to dust centers.
The Concentration of Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Manganese and Iron in Saffron: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Amir Sadeghi Sahar , Karami Kianoosh , Alafchi Behnaz , Ranjbar Akram , Mehri Fereshte
Published: August 2024

Background: We aimed to investigate the concentrations of metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn), in various types of saffron. Methods: All published studies until 2022 were searched from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The published articles’ references were also evaluated to investigate the prevalence of heavy metal contamination in different types of saffron. The heterogeneity and concentration were estimated using I2 and the random effect model, respectively. Results: Among 128 articles retrieved in the identification phase, eight articles were included in this meta-analysis. The Pb exhibited the highest concentration among metals, with an average concentration of 0.10 mg/kg and a range of 0.11-0.10 mg/kg. Cd had the lowest concentration, with an average of 0.009 mg/kg and a range of 0.008-0.010 mg/kg. The concentration of Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were also in accordance with the sequence of Ni>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. Specifically, Ni demonstrated the highest concentration among essential metals in the sample, with an average of 2.81 mg/kg and a range of 2.76-2.86 mg/kg, while Cd displayed the lowest concentration, with an average of 0.022 mg/kg and a range of 0.023-0.023 mg/kg. Conclusion: The concentration of different metals in the examined saffron was variable, which can be attributed to several factors, including characteristics of the metals, nature of the saffron plant, composition of the irrigation water and the soil used for production of the plant, water conditions and crop cultivation.
Potentially Toxic Metals: Their Effects on the Soil-Human Health Continuum
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Majid , Raiesi Tahereh , Sedaghat Azadeh , Srivastava Anoop Kumar
Published: August 2024

As the foundation of nutritious foods lies in the soil, the consumption of crops grown in contaminated soils may pose an elevated risk of health issues through the soil-plant-human pathway. The impact of heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids on the physiological and biochemical responses of plants can have adverse effects on both growth and yield. The excessive accumulation of these substances in plant tissues poses a significant challenge to public health. HMs possess the capability not only to function as carcinogens but also to act as co-carcinogens, thereby activating specific chemical compounds. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, the target values, representing the desirable maximum concentrations of HMs in the soil, follow the order: Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd. This implies that Cd poses the highest potential risk, given its target value of 0.8 mg/kg, while Cr carries the lowest potential risk, with a target value of 100 mg/kg. Various agricultural management practices are recognized as significant pathways that induce the accumulation of metals in the soil and the surrounding environment. Hence, understanding the origin and status of HMs in the environment, along with assessing their potential risks and developing strategies to mitigate these risks, becomes crucial. This study aims to evaluate different facets of the soil-human health continuum concerning potentially toxic metals.
Molecular Assessment of Resistance and Virulence Potential of Vibrio Species Isolated From Dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Otokunefor Kome , Nwankwo Precious Chijindu , Nyema Kemuel Chinonye , Agbagwa Obakpororo Ejiro
Published: August 2024

Background: Dumpsites have the potential to serve as reservoirs for various medically important bacteria and their virulence and resistance gene markers. For Vibrio spp., numerous genes associated with virulence have been identified in environmental strains. Due to the specific growth requirements of Vibrio spp., such strains can often be overlooked. This study aimed to assess the potential of Vibrio spp. isolated from two dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to serve as reservoirs of virulence and resistance genes. Methods: The soil samples were evaluated for the presence of Vibrio spp. following enrichment, using standard microbiological and biochemical test methods. DNA from Vibrio spp. was extracted using the boiling method, and isolates were tested for the presence of four resistance (sxt, strB, BlaTEM, and dfrA1) and four virulence (ctxA, hlyA, tcpA, and toxR) genes. Results: The study found a 40% occurrence of resistance genes and a 10% occurrence of virulence genes, with the strB streptomycin resistance gene being the most commonly detected (42%). Two of the virulence genes (ctxA and tcpA) were not detected. Seven of the test isolates exhibited multiple gene markers, with four gene markers present in each of two isolates. Conclusion: Overall, the study revealed a generally low potential for Vibrio sp. isolated from the dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to act as reservoirs of virulence and resistance genes. Additionally, the study reported an absence of major virulence markers associated with V. cholerae. A concerning finding was the high occurrence (42%) of the strB gene among these environmental isolates.
Identifying and Evaluating Occupational Hazards of Infectious Waste Landfill Workers by the JHA Method
Authors: Jalali Fariba , Pahlavan Babak , Mosayyebi Mohammad , Salehi Salut Ensieh
Published: August 2024

Background: In waste management, neglecting and mismanaging harmful biological factors can result in adverse consequences for both organizations and employees. Methods: This study aimed to identify and assess the health and safety risks faced by workers at an infectious waste site using the job hazard analysis (JHA) method. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 1401 at the waste disposal center "Halgheh Dareh" in Karaj. The JHA method involved dividing the job into tasks, identifying safety and health risks associated with each task, determining the probability and severity of the risks, and finally classifying them using a matrix based on the MIL-STD-882B standard. Control measures were also presented. All calculations were performed using Excel 2010. Results: The results revealed that out of the 20 risks analyzed, 40% were classified as unacceptable risks, 25% as undesirable risks, 30% as acceptable risks but in need of revision, and 5% as minor risks. Conclusion: Through the application of the JHA method, we were able to evaluate and classify health and safety risks according to their level of severity. By implementing control measures such as the use of personal protective equipment, periodic medical examinations, administration of the Hepatitis vaccine, and adherence to safety protocols, it is possible to reduce the risks and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents that can lead to harm.