bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision support tool to evaluate options for implementing a short-duration vehicle classification count program
Authors: Paramita Puteri , Fast Markus , Grande Giuseppe , Regehr Jonathan D.
Published: May 2020

A short‐duration vehicle classification count program provides essential data for developing a system‐wide understanding of truck traffic volume. In responding to increasingly urgent truck traffic data needs, transportation agencies face the challenge of implementing improvements with constrained resources. Within this context, this paper develops and applies a decision support tool that reveals trade-offs amongst program design parameters. The Tool enables decision‐makers to simultaneously consider two broad and interrelated program objectives, namely, to achieve a target level of classification count coverage and to minimize changes in resource requirements. The Tool incorporates five decision input parameters (coverage, technology type, count duration, frequency, and counting cycle) and produces information concerning count accuracy, the number of equipment units required to implement the program, the classification counting season duration, costs, and considerations such as count redundancy and data timeliness. The paper presents Manitoba’s short-duration count program as a case study and evaluates three program options.
Evaluation of pyraclostrobin as a component in seed and foliar fungicides for the management of blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) of canola (Brassica napus)
Authors: Fraser Michelle , Strelkov Stephen E. , Turnbull George D. , Ahmed Hafiz U. , Barton Wayne , Hwang Sheau-Fang
Published: May 2020

Infection by Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & de Not., the causal agent of blackleg of canola (Brassica napus L.), can result in seedling death, foliar lesions, and the development of stem cankers on adult plants. Strobilurin fungicides such as pyraclostrobin are popular, as they are effective against a broad range of fungal pathogens, have novel target specificity, and translaminar activity within the plant. The seed treatment Prosper FX (carbathiin + trifloxystrobin + metalaxyl) and an experimental formulation BAS 720 F (pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + metalaxyl) were evaluated for their efficacy in managing blackleg when applied alone or in combination with the foliar fungicides Priaxor (pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad) or Tilt 250 EC (propiconazole). Experiments were conducted with the blackleg-susceptible cultivar ‘Westar’ and the moderately resistant cultivar ‘Dekalb 73-15 RR’ under greenhouse and field conditions in 2012 and 2013. In one greenhouse trial, all fungicide treatments significantly reduced stem blackleg severity on ‘73-15’ and ‘Westar’ compared with the inoculated–untreated controls. During 3 of 4 site-years, the combination of the experimental seed treatment BAS 720 F and Priaxor significantly reduced stem disease severity relative to the inoculated–untreated control by 60%–77% for ‘73-15’ and by 50%–75% for ‘Westar’. This treatment also resulted in a significant yield increase relative to the inoculated–untreated control in ‘Westar’ in 2 site-years by 24% and 56%. The results of the study suggest a reduction in blackleg symptoms and improved yields when canola is treated with a combination of seed and foliar fungicides, especially when cropping a susceptible cultivar.
Revisiting the B-physics anomalies in R-parity violating MSSM
Authors: Hu Quan-Yi , Yang Ya-Dong , Zheng Min-Di
Published: May 2020

In recent years, several deviations from the Standard Model predictions in semileptonic decays of B-meson might suggest the existence of new physics which would break the lepton-flavour universality. In this work, we have explored the possibility of using muon sneutrinos and right-handed sbottoms to solve these B-physics anomalies simultaneously in R-parity violating minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that the photonic penguin induced by exchanging sneutrino can provide sizable lepton flavour universal contribution due to the existence of logarithmic enhancement for the first time. This prompts us to use the two-parameter scenario $$(C^\mathrm{V}_9, \, C^\mathrm{U}_9)$$(C9V,C9U) to explain $$b \rightarrow s \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$b→sℓ+ℓ- anomaly. Finally, the numerical analyses show that the muon sneutrinos and right-handed sbottoms can explain $$b \rightarrow s \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$b→sℓ+ℓ- and $$R(D^{(*)})$$R(D(∗)) anomalies simultaneously, and satisfy the constraints of other related processes, such as $$B \rightarrow K^{(*)} \nu \bar{\nu }$$B→K(∗)νν¯ decays, $$B_s-\bar{B}_s$$Bs-B¯s mixing, Z decays, as well as $$D^0 \rightarrow \mu ^+ \mu ^-$$D0→μ+μ-, $$\tau \rightarrow \mu \rho ^0$$τ→μρ0, $$B \rightarrow \tau \nu $$B→τν, $$D_s \rightarrow \tau \nu $$Ds→τν, $$\tau \rightarrow K \nu $$τ→Kν, $$\tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma $$τ→μγ, and $$\tau \rightarrow \mu \mu \mu $$τ→μμμ decays.
Exploring the effect of Lorentz invariance violation with the currently running long-baseline experiments
Authors: Majhi Rudra , Chembra Soumya , Mohanta Rukmani
Published: May 2020

Neutrinos are the fundamental particles, blind to all kind of interactions except the weak and gravitational. Hence, they can propagate very long distances without any deviation. This characteristic property can thus provide an ideal platform to investigate Planck suppressed physics through their long distance propagation. In this work, we intend to investigate CPT violation through Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in the long-baseline accelerator based neutrino experiments. Considering the simplest four-dimensional Lorentz violating parameters, for the first time, we obtain the sensitivity limits on the LIV parameters from the currently running long-baseline experiments T2K and $$\hbox {NO}\nu \hbox {A}$$NOνA. In addition to this, we show their effects on mass hierarchy and CP violation sensitivities by considering $$\hbox {NO}\nu \hbox {A}$$NOνA as a case study. We find that the sensitivity limits on LIV parameters obtained from T2K are much weaker than that of $$\hbox {NO}\nu \hbox {A}$$NOνA and the synergy of T2K and $$\hbox {NO}\nu \hbox {A}$$NOνA can improve these sensitivities. All these limits are slightly weaker ($$2 \sigma $$2σ level) compared to the values extracted from Super-Kamiokande experiment with atmospheric neutrinos. Moreover, we observe that the mass hierarchy and CPV sensitivities are either enhanced or deteriorated significantly in the presence of LIV as these sensitivities crucially depend on the new CP-violating phases. We also present the correlation between $$\sin ^2 \theta _{23}$$sin2θ23 and the LIV parameter $$|a_{\alpha \beta }|$$|aαβ|, as well as $$\delta _{CP}$$δCP and $$|a_{\alpha \beta }|$$|aαβ|.
Experimental investigation on thermodynamic properties and crystal structure of La 0.78Ba0.22MnO3 compounds
Authors: Hashimov R. F. , Mikailzade F. A. , Trukhanov S. V. , Trukhanov A. V. , Mirzayeva D. M.
Published: May 2020

In this work, powder [Formula: see text] samples (purity of 99.99 % and density of [Formula: see text] were used. The crystal structure of [Formula: see text] compound was studied by X-ray diffraction method. It was determined that the crystal structure of this compound consists of two phases at room-temperature and under normal condition. These structure phases correspond to the cubic symmetry with Pm-3m space group and rhombohedral symmetry with the R-3c space group. Thermo Gravimetric (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermo Gravimetric (DTG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) of [Formula: see text] compound were carried out in a high-temperature range of [Formula: see text]. It has been found that at high-temperatures, two-phase transition occurs in this compound. The value of thermodynamic parameters was found out for each phase transit.
The quasi-periodic solutions for the supersymmetric variable-coefficient KdV equation
Authors: Dong Chao , Deng Shu-Fang
Published: May 2020

The supersymmetric variable-coefficient KdV equation is presented and it admits Painlevé property by the standard singularity analysis. Based on Hirota bilinear method and Riemann theta function, one and two quasi-periodic wave solutions for the supersymmetric variable-coefficient KdV equation are studied. In addition, we give the asymptotic relations between quasi-periodic wave solutions and soliton solutions.
A Computation Model for Senior Citizen Health Self-Care
Authors: Chang Shi-Kuo , Zheng Han Zhong , Cui Tian Yi , Wen Nannan , Zhai Hao , Zhang Lu
Published: May 2020

A computation model is proposed for senior citizen health self-care through adaptive multi-level computation cycles according to the principles of slow intelligence. An experimental system, called the TDR system, is being implemented on a smart phone to serve as the test bed for the proposed approach. In this paper, we describe the computation model, the basic concepts and the prototype experimental system. The main theoretical concept is centered on adaptive multi-level computation cycles, events and event icons. Further experimental as well as theoretical investigations of the proposed computation model are discussed.
Mutual Inference Model for User Roles and Urban Functional Zones
Authors: Wang Haitao , Chen Yanli , Wang Juan , Peng Hao , Liu Hongfang
Published: May 2020

Users engage in various activities in different regions of the city, how to infer their roles through the area of the user’s activity, and how to infer the possible geographical structure of the user’s role through the user’s role, it is the case of the challenging issues in the user’s mobility field. The necessary context elements are extracted from the user’s microblogging, such as user ID, check-ins and GPS coordinates, the mutual inference model of the user’s role and the urban functional zones is established for the user’s movement law. The experimental results show that the model has achieved good performance in terms of using the user role to infer the urban geographical structure, or in the use of the urban functional zones to infer the user roles.
NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF THE SPACE–TIME FRACTAL–FRACTIONAL MODEL OF NONLINEAR ADVECTION–DIFFUSION–REACTION EQUATION THROUGH THE BERNSTEIN POLYNOMIALS
Authors: HEYDARI M. H. , AVAZZADEH Z. , YANG Y.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the nonlinear space–time fractal–fractional advection–diffusion–reaction equation is introduced and a highly accurate methodology is presented for its numerical solution. In the time direction, the fractal–fractional derivative in the Atangana–Riemann–Liouville concept is utilized whereas the fractional derivatives in the Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo senses are mutually used in the space variable to define this new class of problems. The presented method utilizes the Bernstein polynomials (BPs) and their operational matrices of fractional and fractal–fractional derivatives (which are generated in this study). To this end, the unknown solution is expanded by the BP and is replaced in the equation. Then, the generated operational matrices and the collocation method are employed to generate a system of algebraic equations. Eventually, by solving this system a numerical solution is obtained for the problem. The validity of the designed method is investigated through three numerical examples.
PIECEWISE OPTIMAL FRACTIONAL REPRODUCING KERNEL SOLUTION AND CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS FOR THE ATANGANA–BALEANU–CAPUTO MODEL OF THE LIENARD’S EQUATION
Authors: MOMANI SHAHER , ABU ARQUB OMAR , MAAYAH BANAN
Published: May 2020

In this paper, an attractive reliable analytical technique is implemented for constructing numerical solutions for the fractional Lienard’s model enclosed with suitable nonhomogeneous initial conditions, which are often designed to demonstrate the behavior of weakly nonlinear waves arising in the oscillating circuits. The fractional derivative is considered in the Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo sense. The proposed technique, namely, reproducing kernel Hilbert space method, optimizes numerical solutions bending on the Fourier approximation theorem to generate a required fractional solution with a rapidly convergent form. The influence, capacity, and feasibility of the presented approach are verified by testing some applications. The acquired results are numerically compared with the exact solutions in the case of nonfractional derivative, which show the superiority, compatibility, and applicability of the presented method to solve a wide range of nonlinear fractional models.
ON THE WEIGHTED FRACTIONAL OPERATORS OF A FUNCTION WITH RESPECT TO ANOTHER FUNCTION
Authors: JARAD F. , ABDELJAWAD T. , SHAH K.
Published: May 2020

The primary goal of this study is to define the weighted fractional operators on some spaces. We first prove that the weighted integrals are bounded in certain spaces. Afterwards, we discuss the weighted fractional derivatives defined on absolute continuous-like spaces. At the end, we present a modified Laplace transform that can be applied perfectly to such operators.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF COUPLED SYSTEMS WITH FRACTIONAL ORDER BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: ALI ZEESHAN , SHAH KAMAL , ZADA AKBAR , KUMAM POOM
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we prove the existence, uniqueness and various kinds of Ulam stability for fractional order coupled systems with fractional order boundary conditions involving Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. The standard fixed point theorem like Leray–Schauder alternative and Banach contraction are applied to establish the existence theory and uniqueness. Furthermore, we build sufficient conditions for the stability mentioned above by two methods. Also, an example is given to illustrate our theoretical results. The proposed problem is the generalization of third-order ordinary differential equations with classical, initial and anti-periodic boundary conditions.
DYNAMIC CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL LOGISTICS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MULTIFRACTAL FEATURE
Authors: BI YA , YUAN HUIQUN , CHANG SHENG-HUNG
Published: May 2020

The role of modern logistics in economic development is being highlighted and regional logistics has an effective role in the development of various industries such as regional trade, tourism and finance and has important value for the reduction of enterprise material consumption and the improvement of comprehensive service quality. The main research content of multifractal theory is fractal systems’ scale distribution characteristic, which is to reveal the intrinsic scale invariance of irregular shapes in nature by mathematical methods, and to analyze the characteristics of the original system and the inherent evolution of dynamics. System dynamics simulation of the logistics economic system is helpful to understand the development trend and mutual relationship of regional logistics and regional economy, and provide countermeasures and suggestions for the development of the two. On the basis of summarizing previous study results, this paper analyzed the research situation and significance of dynamic correlation analysis of regional logistics, expounded the development background, current status and future challenges of fractal theory, elaborated the basic principle and method of correlation test and phase space reconstruction of time series, performed the multifractal characteristic analysis of regional logistics industry’s agglomeration degree and time series, constructed dynamic correlation analysis model of regional logistics based on multifractal theory, discussed coupling correlation between regional logistics dynamics and multifractal dynamics; and final empirical analysis showed that the dynamic correlation between the development level, variation speed and variation acceleration of regional logistics has multiple fractals and time-dependent nonlinear dependence; the proposed analytical model can effectively analyze and predict the dynamic development trend of regional logistics. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further researches on the dynamic correlation analysis of regional logistics from the perspective of multifractal feature.
AN USER INTENTION MINING MODEL BASED ON FRACTAL TIME SERIES PATTERN
Authors: WU SHAOFEI
Published: May 2020

Users use the network more and more frequently, and more and more data is published on the network. Therefore, how to find, organize, and use the useful information behind these massive data through effective means, and analyze user intentions is a huge challenge. There are many time series problems in user intentions. Time series have complex characteristics such as randomness and multi-scale variability. Effectively identifying the inherent laws and objective phenomena contained in time series is the purpose of analyzing and processing time series data. Fractal theory provides a new way to analyze time series, and obtains the characteristics and rules of time series from a new perspective. Therefore, this paper introduces the fractal theory to analyze the time series problem, and proposes an improved G-P algorithm to realize the prediction and mining of user intentions. First, the method of array storage instead of repeated calculations is used to improve the method of saturated correlation dimension. Second, the Hurst exponent of the time series is obtained by the variable scale range analysis method. Finally, a fractal model for predicting user intent in short time series is established using the accumulation and transformation method. The experimental results show that the use of fractal theory can effectively describe the relevant characteristics of time series, the development trend of user intentions can be mined from big data, and the prediction model for short time series can be established to achieve information mining of user intentions.
FRACTAL CHARACTERISTIC AND DOMAIN EXTENSION FACTOR STUDY ON CONTACT MODEL OF ROUGH SURFACE
Authors: SHEN JINGFANG , WEI WENLI
Published: May 2020

Machine joint surface has an important impact on the performance of mechanical systems. Based on fractal theory, joint surface is assumed to be the contact between absolute smooth surface and rough surface. Through the analysis of the contact process, the contact mechanics model, the contact stiffness model and the three-dimensional surface micro-contact model are studied. To obtain fractal characteristic, the factors and laws affecting the contact characteristics are indicated through digital simulation. The concept of micro-convex body hierarchy is proposed. The critical values are related to the scale of micro-convex bodies and affected by the property parameters of the material. It is proved that the critical point is smooth and continuous, the parameter characteristics of the critical point are determined and the error between prediction and practice is reduced. In the integral calculation of the model, the experimental constants are also established to facilitate the calculation. The results show that the contact process of rough surface is consistent with the actual contact. It makes up the deficiency of KE model by considering the interaction between micro-convex bodies.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE EXTREMAL SOLUTION FOR THE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS OF VARIABLE FRACTIONAL ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH CAUSAL OPERATOR
Authors: JIANG JINGFEI , GUIRAO JUAN L. G. , SAEED TAREQ
Published: May 2020

In this study, the two-point boundary value problem is considered for the variable fractional order differential equation with causal operator. Under the definition of the Caputo-type variable fractional order operators, the necessary inequality and the existence results of the solution are obtained for the variable order fractional linear differential equations according to Arzela–Ascoli theorem. Then, based on the proposed existence results and the monotone iterative technique, the existence of the extremal solution is studied, and the relative results are obtained based on the lower and upper solution. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results.
NEW ESTIMATES OF INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES VIA GENERALIZED PROPORTIONAL FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL OPERATOR WITH RESPECT TO ANOTHER FUNCTION
Authors: RASHID SAIMA , HAMMOUCH ZAKIA , JARAD FAHD , CHU YU-MING
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the newly proposed concept of the generalized proportional fractional integral operator with respect to another function [Formula: see text] has been utilized to generate integral inequalities using convex function. This new concept will have the option to reduce self-similitudes in the fractional attractors under investigation. We discuss the implications and other consequences of the integral inequalities concerning the generalized proportional fractional integral operator with respect to another function [Formula: see text] are derived here and these outcomes permit us specifically to generalize some classical inequalities. Certain intriguing subsequent consequences of the fundamental hypotheses are also figured. It is to be supposed that this investigation will provide new directions in the quantum theory of capricious nature.
LOCAL AND NONLOCAL DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERS IN MHD OLDROYD-B FLUID WITH RAMPED WALL TEMPERATURE
Authors: RIAZ MUHAMMAD BILAL , ATANGANA ABDON , ABDELJAWAD THABET
Published: May 2020

Study of heat and mass transfers is carried out for MHD Oldroyd-B fluid (OBF) over an infinite vertical plate having time-dependent velocity and with ramped wall temperature and constant concentration. It is proven in many already published articles that the heat and mass transfers do not really or always follow the classical mechanics process that is known as memoryless process. Therefore, the model using classical differentiation based on the rate of change cannot really replicate such dynamical process very accurately, thus, a different concept of differentiation is needed to capture such process. Very recently, a new class of differential operators were introduced and have been recognized to be efficient in capturing processes following the power-law, the decay law and the crossover behaviors. For the study of heat and mass transfers, we applied the newly introduced differential operators to model such flow and compare the results with integer-order derivative. Laplace transform and inversion algorithms are used for all the cases to find analytical solutions and to predict the influences of different parameters. The obtained analytical solutions were plotted for different values of fractional orders [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the velocity field. In comparison, Atangana–Baleanu (ABC) fractional derivatives are found to be the best to explain the memory effects than the classical, Caputo (C) and Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) fractional derivatives. Some calculated values for Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented in tables. Moreover, from the present solutions, the already published results were found as limiting cases.
ON EXPLICIT WAVE SOLUTIONS OF THE FRACTIONAL NONLINEAR DSW SYSTEM VIA THE MODIFIED KHATER METHOD
Authors: YUE CHEN , LU DIANCHEN , KHATER MOSTAFA M. A. , ABDEL-ATY ABDEL-HALEEM , ALHARBI W. , ATTIA RAGHDA A. M.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the exact traveling and solitary wave solutions of the fractional nonlinear Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson (DSW) system are obtained by employing the modified Khater (mK) method through a new fractional derivative. This system describes the flow of shallow water. Moreover, the stability property of the obtained solutions is also investigated by using the characteristics of the Hamiltonian system. Some plots are given to show more physical properties of the suggested model. The advantage and accuracy of the applied analytical schemes are verified and explained by using Mathematica 11.3, and then a comparison between our solutions and those obtained in previous research papers with different systematic schemes is carried out.
FRACTIONAL CALCULUS OF THERMOELASTIC p-WAVES REFLECTION UNDER INFLUENCE OF GRAVITY AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: ALOTAIBI HAMMAD , ABO-DAHAB S. M. , ABDLRAHIM H. R. , KILANY A. A.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we discussed the longitudinal harmonic waves reflection from a solid elastic half-space with electromagnetic and gravity fields influence, considering a fractional order via fractional exponential function method. The clarifications are required for the reflection amplitudes ratios (i.e. the ratios between the reflected waves amplitude and the incident waves amplitude). The results obtained were calculated analytically and displayed by graphs to show the physical meaning of the phenomenon. A comparison has been made between the fractional and integer derivatives. The results of this paper demonstrate the rigor and effectiveness of the considered fractional technique.
ANALYSIS OF DENGUE FEVER OUTBREAK BY GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE
Authors: BOSCH PAUL , GÓMEZ-AGUILAR J. F. , RODRÍGUEZ JOSÉ M. , SIGARRETA JOSÉ M.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we use the generalized fractional derivative in order to study the fractional differential equation associated with a fractional Gaussian model. Moreover, we propose new properties of generalized differential and integral operators. As a practical application, we estimate the order of the derivative of the fractional Gaussian models by solving an inverse problem involving real data on the dengue fever outbreak.
THE NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF NONLINEAR FRACTAL–FRACTIONAL 2D EMDEN–FOWLER EQUATION UTILIZING 2D CHELYSHKOV POLYNOMIALS
Authors: HOSSEININIA M. , HEYDARI M. H. , AVAZZADEH Z.
Published: May 2020

This paper develops an effective semi-discrete method based on the 2D Chelyshkov polynomials (CPs) to provide an approximate solution of the fractal–fractional nonlinear Emden–Fowler equation. In this model, the fractal–fractional derivative in the concept of Atangana–Riemann–Liouville is considered. The proposed algorithm first discretizes the fractal–fractional differentiation by using the finite difference formula in the time direction. Then, it simplifies the original equation to the recurrent equations by expanding the unknown solution in terms of the 2D CPs and using the [Formula: see text]-weighted finite difference scheme. The differentiation operational matrices and the collocation method play an important role to obtaining a linear system of algebraic equations. Last, solving the obtained system provides an approximate solution in each time step. The validity of the formulated method is investigated through a sufficient number of test problems.
CAUCHY PROBLEMS WITH FRACTAL–FRACTIONAL OPERATORS AND APPLICATIONS TO GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS
Authors: ATANGANA ABDON , GOUFO EMILE FRANC DOUNGMO
Published: May 2020

As the Riemann–Liouville derivative is a derivative of a convolution of a function and the power law, the fractal–fractional derivative of a function is the fractal derivative of a convolution of that function with the power law or exponential decay. In order to further open new doors on ongoing investigations with field of partial differential equations with non-conventional differential operators, we introduce in this paper new Cauchy problems with fractal–fractional differential operators. We consider two cases, when the operator is constructed with power law and when it is constructed with exponential decay law with Delta-Dirac property. For each case, we present the conditions under which the exact solution exists and is unique. We suggest a suitable and accurate numerical scheme that can be used to solve such differential equation numerically. We present illustrative examples where an application to a partial differential equation and to a model of groundwater flow within the confined aquifer are done with numerical simulations provided. The clear variation of water level shows the impact of the fractal–fractional derivative on the dynamics.
ATANGANA–SEDA NUMERICAL SCHEME FOR LABYRINTH ATTRACTOR WITH NEW DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL OPERATORS
Authors: ATANGANA ABDON , İĞRET ARAZ SEDA
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we present a new numerical scheme for a model involving new mathematical concepts that are of great importance for interpreting and examining real world problems. Firstly, we handle a Labyrinth chaotic problem with fractional operators which include exponential decay, power-law and Mittag-Leffler kernel. Moreover, this problem is solved via Atangana-Seda numerical scheme which is based on Newton polynomial. The accuracy and efficiency of the method can be easily seen with numerical simulations.
Static and Dynamic Analyses of Nanocomposite Plates in Mechanical and Aerodynamic Loading
Authors: Majidi-Mozafari Kazem , Bahaadini Reza , Bahaadini Ramin , Abbasi Faramarz , Maghzi Hanif
Published: May 2020

In this paper, flutter and divergence instabilities of functionally graded porous plate strip reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets in supersonic flow and subjected to an axial loading are studied. The graphene nanoplatelets are distributed in the matrix either uniformly or non-uniformly along the thickness direction. Four graphene nanoplatelets distribution patterns namely, Patterns A through D are considered. Based on the modified Halpin–Tsai micromechanics model and the rule of mixture, the effective material properties of functionally graded plate strip reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets are obtained. The aerodynamic pressure is considered in accordance with the quasi-steady supersonic piston theory. To transform the governing equations of motion to a general eigenvalue problem, the Galerkin method is employed. The flutter aerodynamic pressure and stability boundaries are determined by solving standard complex eigenvalue problem. The effects of graphene nanoplatelets distributions, graphene nanoplatelets weight fraction, geometry of graphene nanoplatelets, porosity coefficient and porosity distributions on the flutter and divergence instabilities of the system are studied. The results show that the plate strip with symmetric distribution pattern (stiffness in the surface areas) and GPLs pattern A predict the highest stable area. The flutter and divergence regions decrease as the porosity coefficient increases. Besides, the critical aerodynamic loads increase by adding a small amount of GPL to the matrix.
Patterns of Silurian deformation and magmatism during sinistral oblique convergence, northern Scottish Caledonides
Authors: Strachan R. A. , Alsop G. I. , Ramezani J. , Frazer R. E. , Burns I. M. , Holdsworth R. E.
Published: May 2020

Regional ductile thrusting and syn-kinematic granitic magmatism within the Caledonides of northern Scotland occurred within a sinistrally oblique convergent tectonic setting during the Silurian closure of the Iapetus Ocean. The highest thrust nappes are dominated by structures of probable Grampian (Ordovician) age, and Scandian (Silurian) deformation dominates the underlying thrust nappes. Deformation was overall foreland-propagating but the nappe stack was modified by out-of-sequence thrusting and probable synchronous development of thrusts at different structural levels. Localized dextrally transpressive deformation is related to an inferred lateral ramp located offshore. New U–Pb zircon ages from syn-tectonic granites indicate that the internal Naver Thrust was active between
c.
432 and
c.
426 Ma. This is consistent with other data sets that indicate that contractional deformation and high-grade metamorphism, and by implication displacements in the Moine Thrust Zone, may have lasted until
c.
420–415 Ma. The synchroneity of thrusting and strike-slip movements along the Great Glen Fault implies that partitioning of transpressional strain occurred above a regional basal decollement. The short duration of the Scandian orogen in Scotland (
c.
437–415 Ma?) is consistent with only moderate crustal thickening and a location on the periphery of the main Laurentia–Baltica collision further north.

Supplementary material:
Details of analytical procedures, complete U-Pb isotopic data and methods of U-Pb age calculation and error reporting are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4962251
Milestoning: An Efficient Approach for Atomically Detailed Simulations of Kinetics in Biophysics
Authors: Elber Ron
Published: May 2020

Recent advances in theory and algorithms for atomically detailed simulations open the way to the study of the kinetics of a wide range of molecular processes in biophysics. The theories propose a shift from the traditionally very long molecular dynamic trajectories, which are exact but may not be efficient in the study of kinetics, to the use of a large number of short trajectories. The short trajectories exploit a mapping to a mesh in coarse space and allow for efficient calculations of kinetics and thermodynamics. In this review, I focus on one theory: Milestoning is a theory and an algorithm that offers a hierarchical calculation of properties of interest, such as the free energy profile and the mean first passage time. Approximations to the true long-time dynamics can be computed efficiently and assessed at different steps of the investigation. The theory is discussed and illustrated using two biophysical examples: ion permeation through a phospholipid membrane and protein translocation through a channel.
Gene Regulation in and out of Equilibrium
Authors: Wong Felix , Gunawardena Jeremy
Published: May 2020

Determining whether and how a gene is transcribed are two of the central processes of life. The conceptual basis for understanding such gene regulation arose from pioneering biophysical studies in eubacteria. However, eukaryotic genomes exhibit vastly greater complexity, which raises questions not addressed by this bacterial paradigm. First, how is information integrated from many widely separated binding sites to determine how a gene is transcribed? Second, does the presence of multiple energy-expending mechanisms, which are absent from eubacterial genomes, indicate that eukaryotes are capable of improved forms of genetic information processing? An updated biophysical foundation is needed to answer such questions. We describe the linear framework, a graph-based approach to Markov processes, and show that it can accommodate many previous studies in the field. Under the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium, we introduce a language of higher-order cooperativities and show how it can rigorously quantify gene regulatory properties suggested by experiment. We point out that fundamental limits to information processing arise at thermodynamic equilibrium and can only be bypassed through energy expenditure. Finally, we outline some of the mathematical challenges that must be overcome to construct an improved biophysical understanding of gene regulation.
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Cell Biology: Extending Equilibrium Formalism to Cover Living Systems
Authors: Fang Xiaona , Wang Jin
Published: May 2020

We discuss new developments in the nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics of living systems, giving a few examples to demonstrate the importance of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for understanding biological dynamics and functions. We study single-molecule enzyme dynamics, in which the nonequilibrium thermodynamic and dynamic driving forces of chemical potential and flux are crucial for the emergence of non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics. We explore single-gene expression dynamics, in which nonequilibrium dissipation can suppress fluctuations. We investigate the cell cycle and identify the nutrition supply as the energy input that sustains the stability, speed, and coherence of cell cycle oscillation, from which the different vital phases of the cell cycle emerge. We examine neural decision-making processes and find the trade-offs among speed, accuracy, and thermodynamic costs that are important for neural function. Lastly, we consider the thermodynamic cost for specificity in cellular signaling and adaptation.
Isorhamnetin Induces Melanoma Cell Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt and NF‐κB Pathways
Authors: Duan Ran , Liang Xiao , Chai Bangda , Zhou Yiwen , Du Hengyu , Suo Yingjun , Chen Zhaohuan , Li Qingfeng , Huang Xiaolu
Published: May 2020

Malignant melanoma is characterized by its bad prognosis for aggressiveness, drug resistance, and early metastasis. Isorhamnetin (3 ′‐methoxy‐3,4 ′,5,7‐tetrahydroxyflavone; IH) is a natural flavonoid that has been investigated for its antitumor effects in breast cancer, colon cancer, and gastric cancer through inducing cell apoptosis. Given its role in tumor inhibition, no research has been conducted concerning its effect against melanoma. In the present study, we found that IH could significantly inhibit B16F10 cell proliferation and migration and induce B16F10 cell apoptosis. The examination on molecular mechanism revealed that IH could suppress the phosphorylation of Akt and the translocation of NF‐κB, which are key factors in apoptosis‐related pathways. We also detected that this process was related to the bifunctional 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatases 4 (PFKFB4) by PFKFB4 knockdown experiment. In line with in vitro study, we further provided that IH effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, IH was proven to induce melanoma cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, which may serve as a potential agent in malignant melanoma treatment in the future.
Loss of SNHG4 Attenuated Spinal Nerve Ligation-Triggered Neuropathic Pain through Sponging miR-423-5p
Authors: Pan Xia , Shen Cheng , Huang Yayi , Wang Long , Xia Zhongyuan , Rossi Settimio
Published: May 2020

Neuropathic pain is an intractable comorbidity of spinal cord injury. Increasing noncoding RNAs have been implicated in neuropathic pain development. lncRNAs have been recognized as significant regulators of neuropathic pain. lncRNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 4 (SNHG4) is associated with several tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms of SNHG4 in neuropathic pain remain barely documented. Here, we evaluated the function of SNHG4 in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rat models. We observed that SNHG4 was significantly upregulated in SNL rat. Knockdown of SNHG4 was able to attenuate neuropathic pain progression via regulating behaviors of neuropathic pain including mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Moreover, knockdown of SNHG4 could repress the neuroinflammation via inhibiting IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α while inducing IL-10 levels. Additionally, miR-423-5p was predicted as the target of SNHG4 by employing bioinformatics analysis. miR-423-5p has been reported to exert significantly poorer in several diseases. However, the role of miR-423-5p in the development of neuropathic pain is needed to be clarified. Here, in our investigation, RIP assay confirmed the correlation between miR-423-5p and SNHG4. Meanwhile, we found that miR-423-5p was significantly decreased in SNL rat models. SNHG4 regulated miR-423-5p expression negatively. As exhibited, the loss of miR-423-5p contributed to neuropathic pain progression, which was rescued by the silence of SNHG4. Therefore, our study indicated SNHG4 as a novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain via sponging miR-423-5p.
Alterations in Serum Adropin, Adiponectin, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in OSAS
Authors: Celikhisar Hakan , Ilkhan Gulay Dasdemir
Published: May 2020

Objective. The present study was planned to examine the relationships between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and the newly revealed adipokines adropin and adiponectin concentrations that display significant metabolic and cardiovascular functions and the levels of proinflammatory cytokine levels. Method. A total of 166 overweight and obese male patients with a body mass index (BMI) >27 kg/m2 were included in the study. Among study participants, 84 were recently diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5, and 82 were nonapneic with normal polysomnography (AHI<5) findings. The serum adropin and adiponectin levels of all cases were analyzed via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta and tumor necrotizing factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were determined using Luminex cytokine multiplex analyses. Results. The mean age of the OSAS patients was 50.9 ± 5.7 years and BMI was 32.4 ± 6.0 kg/m2, and there was no statistically significant difference determined with the control group (49.3 ± 5.8 years and 30.6 ± 5, 6 kg/m2) (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the OSAS and control groups concerning total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose levels. Adiponectin was lower in the OSAS group at a statistically significant level in comparison with the control group and was related at a statistically significant level to OSAS intensity. Adropin concentration was determined to be higher in the OSAS group at a statistically significant level in comparison with the control group. Conclusion. The results of our study suggest that increased adropin concentration may be an indicator of endothelium dysfunction in OSAS patients. Serum adropin and adiponectin levels may be new bioindicators used for diagnosis and risk assessment in OSAS patients.
gp91phox, a Novel Biomarker Evaluating Oxidative Stress, Is Elevated in Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Ma Xiaochun , Wang Furong , Zhen Xiaowen , Zhao Lifang , Fang Li , Dong Zhenfang , Chen Wenbin , Zhou Xiaoming
Published: May 2020

Background. gp91phox, the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and biomarker of NOX activation, has been recently recognized as a parameter of systemic oxidative stress in several studies. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is characteristic of elevated level of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and is frequently accompanied with cholesterolemia. In this study, the levels of serum soluble gp91phox were measured to assess the oxidative stress in patients with SH. And the relationship among gp91phox, low-density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), and TSH was also investigated. Methods. A total of 51 subjects were enrolled and categorized into four groups: the healthy controls subjects (n = 13), controls with high level of LDL-C alone (n = 12), SH with normal level of LDL-C (n = 11), and SH with high level of LDL-C (n = 15). The related clinical and laboratory data were collected for statistical analysis. All the patients were newly diagnosed and did not take any medication. The information of lipid profile and thyroid function was extracted, and the concentrations of gp91phox were obtained with ELISA. Results. The levels of serum soluble gp91phox evidently increased in the patients with SH with a high level of LDL-C (81.52 ± 37.00 ug/mL) as compared to the healthy controls (54.98 ± 1.83ug/mL, p<0.001), controls with high level of LDL-C (61.21 ± 4.48 ug/mL, p=0.038) and SH with a normal level of LDL-C (62.82 ± 11.67ug/mL, p=0.027). Additionally, the levels of gp91phox showed a significant positive correlation with both the levels of LDL-C (r = 0.595, p<0.001) and TSH (r = 0.346, p=0.013) by the Spearman correlation analyses. The correlation remained significant even when the effect of another factor was controlled (TSH: when the effect of LDL-C was controlled, r = 0.453, p=0.001; LDL-C: when the effect of TSH was controlled, r = 0.291, p=0.040). The main effect analysis showed an independent main effect of either LDL-C (p = 0.041) or TSH (p=0.022) on gp91phox without interaction (p=0.299). Conclusions. Our work demonstrated that the levels of gp91phox, a novel biomarker for measuring the oxidative stress, were significantly elevated in the patients with SH. And LDL-C and TSH were both independent predictors of gp91phox. Abbreviations. BMI : Body mass index; TC : Total cholesterol; LDL-C : Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C : High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG : Triglyceride; FBG : Fasting blood glucose; FT3 : Free triiodothyronine; FT4 : Free thyroxine; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone; SBP : Systolic blood pressure; DBP : Diastolic blood pressure; SD : Standard deviation; LSD: Least significant difference.
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Contrast Agents for Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Luo Yifan , Gao Chen , Chen Wujie , Zhou Kefeng , Xu Maosheng
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has taken an important role in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In the wake of current advances in nanotechnology, the drug delivery industry has seen a surge of nanoparticles advertising high specificity in target imaging. Given the rapid development of the field, this review has assembled related articles to explore whether molecular contrast agents can improve the diagnostic capability on gastrointestinal imaging, especially for IBD. Methods. Relevant articles published between 1998 and 2018 from a literature search of PubMed and EMBASE were reviewed. Data extraction was performed on the studies’ characteristics, experimental animals, modelling methods, nanoparticles type, magnetic resonance methods, and means of quantitative analysis. Results. A total of 8 studies were identified wherein the subjects were animals, and all studies employed MR equipment. One group utilized a perfluorocarbon solution and the other 7 groups used either magnetic nanoparticles or gadolinium- (Gd-) related nanoparticles for molecular contrast. With ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles and Gd-related nanoparticles, signal enhancements were found in the mucosa or with focal lesion of IBD-related model in T1-weighted images (T1WI), whereas superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles showed a signal decrease in the intestinal wall of the model in T1WI or T2-weighted images. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was employed to analyze bowel intensity in 3 studies. And the percentage of normalized enhancement was used in 1 study for assessing the severity of inflammation. Conclusion. Molecular MRI with contrast agents can improve the early diagnosis of IBD and quantitate the severity of inflammation in experimental studies.
The Efficacy and Safety of PD‐1/PD‐L1 Inhibitors in Combination with Conventional Therapies for Advanced Solid Tumors: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nie Run-Cong , Zhao Chong-Bang , Xia Xiao-Wei , Luo Ying-Shan , Wu Ting , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Yuan Shu-Qiang , Wang Yun , Li Yuan-Fang
Published: May 2020

Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy of immuno‐oncology combinational therapy (IOCT) versus monotherapy with programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) or PD‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors or conventional therapies, i.e., non‐IOCT, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods. We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from January 2015 to October 2018 for eligible studies. We included randomized trials of IOCT with available hazard ratios (HR) for death. The random effects model was used to calculate pooled HR for death; heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. The main outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Results. After screening 483 relevant articles, we identified twelve trials comprising 5388 patients for quantitative analysis. IOCT‐treated patients had significantly higher tumor response rate (relative risk (RR): 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82‐3.47), prolonged progression‐free survival (HR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.74), and OS (HR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61‐0.78), compared with non‐IOCT–treated patients. Sensitivity analyses also demonstrated the OS advantage of IOCT across different combination modalities, intervention agents, malignancy types, and PD‐L1 expression (all P < 0.05). Notably, there were higher odds of high‐grade (grade ≥ 3) adverse events with IOCT (RR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.13‐2.90), but the risk of treatment‐related death (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.84–1.60) was not increased compared with non‐IOCT. Conclusions. IOCT is a preferable treatment option over PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor monotherapy and conventional therapy for patients with advanced solid tumors. However, we should note the increased incidence rate of high‐grade AEs in IOCT.