bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Drivers, Impact, and Pattern of Foreign Direct Investment in India
Authors: Khan Mohammad Iftekhar , Banerji Amit
Published: May 2014

Till 1991, there was excessive control of Government over economy with inward looking policies leading to over protection of economy leading to deterioration of trade, economic growth and large fiscal deficits financed by external borrowings. Foreign currency reserves plummeted to very low levels. Since then India has seen a steady set of reforms in LPG mode with foreign investment playing important role. In this study data has been obtained from secondary sources, mainly government and global bodies. Literature cited has been taken with reference to India or generic in nature and problems identified. Policies needed for attracting FDI are not very different from those required for domestic investors. Preferential for FDI may act as an extra incentive. Foreign Portfolio investment is contingent upon returns expected from capital market and home country issues. Foreign direct investment has slowly moved from manufacturing to service sector probably because of easy entry and exit conditions as well as leveraging labour arbitrage. In this study we have reviewed papers on determinants, patterns and impact of FDI and FII/FPI on Indian economy for the period 1991–2012 and attempted to find out interrelation between FDI and FII/FPI inflows.
Empirical Econometric Analysis of Relationship between Fiscal-Monetary Policies and Output on SAARC Countries
Authors: Hussain Mohammed Nur
Published: May 2014

The seminal 1968 paper of Anderson and Jordan on the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy on output stabilization caused many debates among both economists and policy makers. This paper uses a standard unrestricted VAR (vector autoregression) model to analyze the above relationship for five SAARC (South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation) countries (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) over the period of 1974–2007. In a system of five-equation of VAR model, this paper reveals that money supply, government expenditure, the real exchange rate and the foreign interest rate are co-integrated for all countries. The results of both the VD (Variance decomposition) and the IRFs (Impulse response functions) indicate that monetary policy has been more effective on output than fiscal policy in the case of Pakistan and Sri Lanka, whereas fiscal policy has had a more powerful effect than monetary policy on Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
Financial Intermediation and Stock Market Volatility in a Small Bank-Dominated Economy
Authors: Tennant David F. , Tracey Marlon R.
Published: May 2014

In many small developing countries, the benefits of capital market development are not realized, as banks dominate and stock markets struggle to establish a firm footing in the economy, remaining relatively illiquid and volatile. This paper examines the determinants of stock market volatility in such conditions, specifically investigating the role that banks play in engendering volatility. Although significant amounts of research have been conducted on the determinants of stock market volatility in large developed country and emerging market exchanges, the stock exchanges in small developing countries have largely been ignored, as has been the relationship between banking operations and stock market volatility. Using a Generalized Autoregressive specification, this paper investigates the conditions under which banks in conducting their core functions impact stock market volatility in a small, bank-dominated developing country. The results show that factors which affect banks’ profitability, such as inefficiency, ill-advised financial transactions and overly stringent or inconsistently applied regulations, can increase stock market volatility. They also indicate that in an economy wherein most listed real-sector firms survive through a combination of equity and credit financing, the effectiveness of financial intermediation impacts stock market volatility by affecting the profitability of such firms. We show that in small bank-dominated economies, profitable, well-functioning banks are needed if capital markets are to develop. Suggestions are provided as to how banks, regulators and policymakers can aid in the reduction of stock market volatility.
Heterogeneous Panel Causality between Exports and Growth in COMESA Countries
Authors: Ndoricimpa Arcade
Published: May 2014

This study examines the causal links between exports and economic growth in COMESA countries so as to assess Export-led Growth and Growth-driven Export hypotheses. The study applies Granger causality tests in heterogeneous panels recently developed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012). The results suggest that Export-led Growth hypothesis is only evident in 2 out of 17 COMESA countries and likewise Growth-driven Export hypothesis is also evident in 2 out of 17 COMESA countries. The findings confirm the view that export-led growth hypothesis is not necessarily supported in developing countries whose exports are mainly primary commodities. The study recommends export diversification for COMESA countries if they are to take advantage of their participation in international trade and reap the growth gains from exports.
Interactions among Poverty, Access to Modern Energy Sources, and Gender in Nigeria
Authors: Ogwumike Fidelis O. , Ozughalu Uche M.
Published: May 2014

This study examines the interactions among poverty, access to modern energy sources and gender in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression technique are used. The 2010 Nigeria Living Standard Survey data set obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics is used. The findings of the study show, among other things, that contrary to what happens in many countries of the world, both incidences of poverty and lack of access to modern energy sources are more pronounced among male-headed households than among female-headed households. The logistic regression estimates show, among other things, that poverty reduces the odds in favor of having access to modern energy sources and while female headship of household reduces the odds in favor of being in poverty, it increases the odds in favor of having access to modern energy sources. The forgoing should serve as invaluable guide to the Nigerian government and policy makers.
The Effect of Gender and Nationality on Service Quality in Malaysian Higher Education
Authors: Ansary Amin , Jayashree Sreenivasan , Malarvizhi Chinnasamy Agamudai Nambi
Published: May 2014

Competition is becoming increasingly intense among service organizations, and one of the most profitable service sectors of Malaysia is the higher education sector. This stiff competition requires tertiary institutions to satisfy their clients. Hence, measuring students’ satisfaction becomes essential. Accordingly, this study measures the effect of gender and nationality on service quality in Malaysian private universities using the SERVQUAL instrument. The level of students’ satisfaction is evaluated based on the gap found between their perceptions and expectations towards five dimensions of service quality, namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, based on their gender and nationality. Thus, a 22-item Likert-type questionnaire was administered among 250 students from both genders and different nationalities. Based on the results obtained, there is no sufficient evidence concerning the effect of gender on service quality in higher education institutions. However, nationality has a slight effect on the responsiveness dimension of service quality. Then, the research addresses policy implications on the importance of the education system in a country, and some implications for universities to improve their offered services. Finally, in the two last sections, the researchers address limitations of the study and future research directions.
An Analysis of the Tax Revenue Components in Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Feger Thuto D.
Published: May 2014

Reforming the tax system in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) will require a closer look at the individual tax revenue components, not just tax revenues as a whole. The findings in this paper established that tax revenue determinants affect the individual tax revenue components in different ways. In this connection, we find that the tax structure in SSA is skewed towards indirect taxes because the existing structural, institutional and policy characteristics in these countries are not conducive for the collection of direct taxes. On the other hand, indirect taxes are less susceptible to these influences, hence can be collected with little effort.
Global Financial Crisis and Contagion: Evidence for the ‘BRIC’ Economies*
Authors: Chittedi Krishna Reddy
Published: May 2014

The present study examined the effects of contagion from the developed markets (The US, the UK, and Japan) to the BRIC stock markets during the period of Jan 1996 to July 2011 using daily data. It applied Dynamic Condition Correlations (DCC) model and Asymmetric Generalized Dynamic Conditional Correlation (AG-DCC) approach to capture the effects of contagion originated from developed countries. Stock market indices are observed to display a persistent and high correlation between them during and after high volatility periods. Evidence on contagion implies that diversification sought by investing in multiple markets from different regional blocks is likely to be lower when it is most desirable. As a result, an investment strategy focused solely on international diversification seems not to work in practice during turmoil periods. Since countries and financial markets react differently to sovereign shocks, stocks from different emerging economies could provide advantages over debt-only or equity-only portfolios.
Income Inequality, Fiscal Redistribution, and Governmental Corruption: Evidence from Chinese Provincial Data
Authors: Mi Zengyu , Liu Qiongzhi
Published: May 2014

We build a theoretical model that describes the relationship between income inequality, fiscal redistribution and corruption in China. With between-group econometric model, using the provincial panel data of China from 1997 to 2006, this paper finds strong evidence in support of the propositions revealed by the theoretical model. The conclusion of empirical analysis is that fiscal redistribution as a remedy of the failure of market allocation fails to restrain income inequality. In contrast, it worsens income inequality because of the corruption when the officials implement fiscal redistribution policies. The article suggests that we should eliminate the corruption in the process of fiscal redistribution to effectively restrain income inequality and promote social harmony.
Is There a Trade-off between Financial Performance and Outreach in South Asian Microfinance Institutions?
Authors: Adhikary Sanju , Papachristou George
Published: May 2014

Falling government and donor funding, which has traditionally supported microfinance, is followed by an expansion of financially self-sustainable Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). This development has raised the concern as to whether the social goals of traditional microfinance would be equally well served in the new environment in as much as financial performance and outreach compete with each other. In this paper, we empirically examine this relation between financial performance and outreach of MFIs in a panel of South Asian countries from 2003 to 2009 using random effects modeling and general method of moments (GMM) estimation. We find that: (a) breadth and depth of outreach are positively associated to profitability and efficiency, and (b) depth in contrast to breadth mitigates risks. Overall, our findings do not confirm a statistically significant negative relation between financial performance and outreach goals, suggesting that a financially sustainable microfinance expansion can achieve its social goals at an acceptable credit risk level.
The Task, Challenges, and Obstacles of Parenting
Authors: Rasmussen Paul R.
Published: May 2014

Raising and caring for children is one of the most important activities an adult will undertake. This importance is for the welfare of the individual child as well as the welfare of the community, which extends from the immediate family (however defined) to the broadest sense of the living community. Raising children often involves meeting challenges presented by immature humans, and many child guidance programs provide strategies for addressing those challenges. In this article we invite the reader and those who provide child guidance to consider the challenges relative to the tasks of child guidance, which we present as the training of children to meet the duties of life. Thus, meeting the challenges most effectively requires attention to this ultimate task. It is important to give appropriate attention to the common and unique obstacles that parents and other child-care providers face as they meet the task while addressing the challenges.
Expanding Adlerian Application: The Tasks, Challenges, and Obstacles for African American Parents
Authors: Moore Nataka , McDowell Tiffany
Published: May 2014

This article highlights historical and contemporary obstacles for African Americans toward parenting. The authors’ hope is to move beyond the “neutrality” or the “one size fits all” dialogue within the traditional Adlerian parenting model that has been discussed by several authors in the field. The authors use their personal experience to explore obstacles present in parenting through domains such as encouragement, belonging, and shame. In each of these domains, tension points exist when two or more possibilities are seemingly opposed to one another and both have hefty consequences to consider. The authors outline tension points for each domain and offer questions that African American parents may have in regard to overcoming these obstacles. They suggest nuances that traditional Adlerian parenting education may not consider. In conclusion, the authors recommend expanding Adlerian parenting education by incorporating an ecological model using interventions targeting the macro-, meso-, and micro-level.
The Family Council: Different Styles of Family Deliberation in Two Cultures
Authors: Oryan Shlomit
Published: May 2014

The family council is a major Adlerian concept and an important practice for the family’s democratic management. This practice has been disseminated over the past decades to a wide audience of parents around the world through various devices, including books, lectures, and parenting classes. The present study makes use of qualitative analysis to compare the manner in which American and Israeli parents who have taken part in parenting classes interpret the family council practice as offered to them by instructors. While homogenization is observed in instructors’ messages, parents in the two countries interpret the family council practice differently, according to their cultural beliefs and attitudes toward arguments. These findings emphasize the importance of conceptualizing cultural values within Adlerian parent education.
Modern Approaches to Modern Challenges: A Review of Widely Used Parenting Programs
Authors: Lindquist Thomas G. , Watkins Korey L.
Published: May 2014

Parent education programs are increasingly recognized as an important aspect of family intervention. Although differences among parenting models exist, many programs include common factors that can be ascribed to an Adlerian or Dreikursian model of parent education. Seven parenting programs were selected to provide an overview of current models and trends in parent education. Attention is given to the development and theoretical basis of each program. Specific interventions, goals, and implementation methods are highlighted and an emphasis is placed on similar factors. Relevant research is also included to provide an overview of the empirical support underlying each program. The authors conclude by highlighting the core aspects found in nearly all of these models. In addition, a renewed emphasis is placed on the theoretical utility and applicability of the Adlerian and Dreikursian parenting models in contemporary society.
Active Parenting: 30 Years of Video-Based Parent Education
Authors: Popkin Michael H.
Published: May 2014

For decades, Adlerian-based parenting education programs have made a difference in the lives of millions of families throughout the world. These programs have been successful because they combine the innovations of Adler and Dreikurs in psychology with innovations in educational technology. Active Parenting demonstrates how the advent of video-based parenting education and the Internet are the latest steps in this evolution. The case is made for the importance of research to achieve an evidence-based standard for Adlerian programs. Active Parenting posits that there are five key qualities that all children need to succeed in a modern democratic society: (a) responsibility, (b) cooperation, (c) respect, (d) courage, and (e) self-esteem. The Adlerian-Dreikursian skills taught in the Active Parenting programs provide parents with the skills to instill these qualities in their children while addressing the problems and challenges of parenting. Active Parenting leaders can be found all over the world, combatting the obstacles to parenting education and ensuring that all parents feel welcomed in Active Parenting groups.
“Object Lessons”: Bloom and His Things
Authors: Plock Vike Martina
Published: May 2014

This article on “Ithaca” focuses on James Joyce’s use of objects in detailing and managing the description of his characters’ emotional transactions—Leopold Bloom’s in particular. It argues that, for Bloom, intersubjective relationships always have to be mediated by objects of everyday use to avoid confronting potentially extreme (and often distressing) emotional experiences. “Ithaca,” the episode that is commonly seen as the most scientific, rational, and dispassionate section of Joyce’s Ulysses , thereby emerges as a text that carefully negotiates emotional investments with the concurrent need to protect the subject from painful emotional experiences.
“The Sisters”: Their Disease
Authors: Timins Michael
Published: May 2014

By analyzing the trivial details in “The Sisters,” this essay suggests that Father Flynn and his siblings share the disease neurosyphilis. These details include Nannie’s severe stooping, her oddly worn footwear, her deafness, her muteness, and her torpor. Eliza also has unusual quirks: her need for pneumatic tires indicating hyperacusis associated with vertigo, her malapropisms, and her frequent pauses during speech. Given the epidemic nature of syphilis at the turn of the twentieth century, and given Joyce’s medical knowledge, the unfortunate possibility of a familial disease seems likely.
What’s in a Mirror: James Joyce’s Phenomenology of Perception
Authors: Bruns Gerald L.
Published: May 2014

The basic unit of Joyce’s fiction is, arguably, the encounter, a reminder of the Dubliners story of that name. This essay explores the many occasions of self-encounter, as when Joyce’s characters see themselves in mirrors, in the eyes of others, or in the guise of someone other than they are or appear to be: when Gerty MacDowell projects her “Lady Bountiful” self onto Bloom’s erotic gaze, for instance. The regulating idea here (as in Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception) is that we perceive ourselves through our bodies, but this perception is not an empirical mirror-image; it is an image mediated (and thus transformed) by an array of intentions, memories, desires, and ongoing experiences of ourselves and others, including our experiences of how others see us (something to which Stephen is particularly subject). Joyce’s mirror-experiences range from ironic unmasking—“The Dead”—to phantasmagorias—the “Circe” episode of Ulysses , where no image is unreal, and every misnomer (like “Henry Flower”) has its moment of truth.
Eveline Ever After
Authors: Ben-Merre David
Published: May 2014

After navigating through the waters of past interpretations of “Eveline” and after tracking closely Joyce’s uncertain use of the name “Frank,” this essay argues spiritedly for an optimistic reading of the story. The ambiguity of the post-elliptical pronouns of the text allows readers—should they so desire—to see Eveline Hill leaving Dublin for a life in Buenos Ayres.
“Wandering Temporalities”: Rethinking Imagined Communities through “Wandering Rocks”
Authors: Huang Shan-Yun
Published: May 2014

This essay reconsiders the concept of nations as imagined communities through a close reading of the “Wandering Rocks” episode in James Joyce’s Ulysses . Modern nations are thought to be artifacts imagined through the sense of simultaneity facilitated by “homogeneous, empty time.” The wandering temporalities found in “Wandering Rocks,” however, challenge the validity of designating “homogeneous, empty time” as the time of the nation. Examined closely, the episode abounds in divergent, often conflicting, comprehensions of time. This, along with the social and political fragmentation represented, calls for a new conception of the national community that is congenial to heterogeneity and, therefore, more liberating.
“There must be reparation”: A Sacrificial Reading of “The Boarding House”
Authors: Doherty Gerald
Published: May 2014

The ritual of sacrifice is an important feature of Joyce’s “The Boarding House” because of its traditional components of confession, expiation, and reparation. After his unspecified but suggestive interactions with Polly Mooney, Bob Doran finds himself caught between the Catholic Church, with its demands for confession and penitence, and Mrs. Mooney and her son Jack with theirs for family reparation, in this case, marriage. In a similar way, the narrative follows the same structural organization with its sacrificial textual cuts and its expiatory drive. Plot incisions and ruptures here conform to Joyce’s expressed wish to write with “scrupulous meanness” about his fellow Dubliners.
“Counterparts,” the Iliad , and the Genesis of Joyce’s Mythic Method
Authors: Burr Jordan
Published: May 2014

This essay proposes that Joyce modeled his story “Counterparts” on Homer’s Iliad , utilizing many of the techniques of translation and allusion that would play such a vital role in the “mythic method” of Ulysses . Moreover, this early experimentation with Homeric translation provides deeper insight into the political and aesthetic motivations of Joyce’s work.
“The Memory of Parnell”: Juridical and Ethical Testimony in “Ivy Day in the Committee Room”
Authors: DeVault Christopher
Published: May 2014

In this essay, I analyze the methods Joyce’s characters employ to bear witness to Charles Stewart Parnell’s political decline and death in “Ivy Day in the Committee Room.” Using Giorgio Agamben’s writings on juridical and ethical testimony, I argue that Joyce depicts his canvassers’ insufficient commemorations of Parnell to highlight the limitations of testimony grounded in legal concepts of judgment, responsibility, and guilt, and he juxtaposes this legal testimony with pervasive scenes of Irish domestic decline to argue for a more ethical testimony for everyday and extreme trauma under British imperialism. I thus conclude that Dubliners is both a text about testimony and a testimonial text, and, by evaluating the witnessing strategies of Joyce’s characters alongside the author’s narrative approach, we see the extent to which Dubliners functions as a “nicely polished looking glass” that reflects the suffering of Dublin back to its readers.
James Joyce: From Hero to Author of the Bildungsroman
Authors: Deppman Jed
Published: May 2014

When James Joyce went to Paris as a young man in 1902, he followed a narrative arc fundamental to the European Bildungsromane . Comparing Joyce’s motives and decisions with those of his fictional predecessors in novels by Stendhal, Honoré de Balzac, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and others, I argue that he acted at first as an unwitting and unreconstructed hero of the genre but that, as he wrote the last two stories for Dubliners in 1906-1907, he earned greater perspective over his life and writing. Little Chandler, Gallaher, and Gabriel Conroy proved to be especially important catalysts for a Joyce in evolution from hero to author of his own Bildungsroman .
Refined Resemblances: Three Categories of Astromagical Images in Marsilio Ficino’s De vita 3.18 and Their Indebtedness to “Abominable” Books
Authors: Ockenström Lauri
Published: May 2014

In the third book of his De vita libri tres , the De vita coelitus comparanda published in 1489, the Florentine philosopher Marsilio Ficino explains the pictures that the ancient “astrologers and magicians” imprinted on their talismans. He distinguishes among three pictorial conventions: visual forms, imaginable forms, and characters. The passage explaining these forms serves as a prologue to chapter 18, which gives instructions for fabricating talismans and speculates on the efficacy of magical images. This article examines Ficino’s distinctions as descending from the tradition of learned image magic, concentrating on certain iconographical and theoretical questions: What – and what kinds of – pictures did Ficino mean and on what exemplars did he base his distinction of three classes?
Nightfall on Ravenna: Storms and Narrativity in the Work of Andreas Agnellus
Authors: Borri Francesco
Published: May 2014

This article examines an odd story told in Andreas Agnellus' Deeds of the Bishops of Ravenna about a certain Abbot John. The story involves a night journey to Ravenna: the vehicle is a ship drawn in the sand, and there is a rapid passage through a storm in the company of three mysterious men. Ultimately John lands not in a harbor but on the roof of his monastery. A variety of different narrative analagues are adduced to explore the origins of these disparate narrative elements and show how they were reshaped into a miraculous story by Agnellus.
Shaman, Lama, Buddha: “Occult Techniques” and the Popularization of Tantric Ritual in Tibet
Authors: Villarreal Claire
Published: May 2014

Tantra is commonly referred to as “esoteric” Buddhism, yet it has become the dominant form of popular practice in Tibetan and other Himalayan cultures. In an effort to account for the popular dimension of this elite domain of practices, this article explores tantra’s transformations from a body of esoteric magico-religio-shamanic rituals in first-millennium India to a Tibetan patchwork cultural landscape in which genuinely secret practices share religious space with “open secrets” accessible to the lay public. This article has two arcs, the first examining magico-shamanic roots of tantric practices, and the second tracing the course of the new tradition’s “domestication” or “institutionalization” into more traditional Buddhism. The Tibetan embrace of tantra offers many opportunities for exploration of tensions between the popular appeal of “esoteric” traditions and the elite nature of their practice
Auto psy d’ Un Sujet français
Authors: Ennaili Leïla
Published: May 2014

Dans son livre Un Sujet français (2011), Ali Magoudi, psychanalyste de métier, décide de mener une enquête sur la vie de son père, et plus précisément d’éclairer les circonstances qui ont amené cet immigré algérien à se trouver à Varsovie en 1942. Ne disposant que de très peu d’informations, le narrateur investit les archives afin de retrouver des traces que les nombreux filets de l’administration française auraient pu garder. Ce récit renouvèle la représentation de l’immigration en effectuant une série d’allers- retours entre le présent et les années quarante et en tissant des liens entre colonisation, collaboration et immigration. Dans le présent article, il s’agit d’examiner comment un discours politique émerge de ce récit travaillé de tensions entre le “je” et le “il,” et entre H/histoire et fiction. Pour répondre à cette question, on s’attachera à déployer l’épaisseur sémantique du titre, notamment le terme “sujet” qui fait référence aux domaines politique, psychanalytique, et grammatical. L’analyse définira les modalités selon lesquelles le récit conjugue petite et grande histoire.
Regards sur la littérature mauricienne, entre l’ici et l’ailleurs
Authors: Mew Evelyn Kee
Published: May 2014

Cet article revient sur l’évolution du discours de la critique sur la littérature mauricienne d’expression française. Cette évolution connaît, selon nous, trois grandes étapes: tout d’abord la reconnaissance et valorisation d’un champ littéraire local qui se dissocie des autres champs littéraires; puis la mise en relation de ce champ insulaire avec d’autres îles de la région et de la Caraïbe, et la délimitation de l’océan Indien en tant qu’espace de création et d’étude en soi; et enfin la mise en relation avec l’ailleurs qui se veut plus ‘global’ inscrivant ainsi cette littérature dans la logique de la mondialisation. Ce faisant, nous verrons jusqu’où la visibilité grandissante de la littérature mauricienne sur la scène internationale influence la critique ou plutôt comment celle-ci s’approprie la production littéraire mauricienne.
De la page antillaise à la scène new-yorkaise: La mémoire de l’esclavage dans le théâtre franco-antillais au féminin et sa prestation transculturelle
Authors: Sahakian Emily
Published: May 2014

L’Ubu Repertory Teater de New York (l’Ubu) a mis en scène (ou lecture sur scène) sept pièces de cinq femmes dramaturges franco- antillaises. Ces productions suggèrent une qualité transnationale du théâtre féminin antillais. Mais comment la qualifer? En examinant les théâtres d’Ina Césaire, de Maryse Condé, et de Gerty Dambury ainsi que leurs mises en scène aux Etats- Unis, le présent article révèle la possibilité d’un théâtre transnational pour ouvrir une voie à la mémoire. Il s’agit d’étudier, d’une part, trois pièces princi-pales, et, d’autre part, les mises en scène et la réception de ces pièces à l’Ubu. D’abord, une analyse textuelle permet d’éclairer comment les pièces présentées mettent en scène une continuité entre passé et présent, proposant une sorte de mémoire vive et dramaturgique. Dans la deuxième partie de l’analyse, il est question de la traduction culturelle réalisée par les artistes et les spectateurs à l’Ubu, où les techniques interculturelles se confrontaient aux diférentes approches de plusieurs artistes afro- américains reconnus. En travaillant en collaboration et en contradiction, les artistes présentaient des esthétiques réalistes et anti-réalistes, des références culturelles et transculturelles et des réminiscences africaines telles que la musique et la danse. Cette section souligne la mise en place d’une narration du traumatisme transculturel, créée par l’événement théâtral et les conflits engendrés.
Mémoire, traduction et pouvoir: À partir des Fables créoles de Xavier Le Juge de Segrais
Authors: Lionnet Françoise
Published: May 2014

Les Fables de La Fontaine ont été d’abord transposées en créole mauricien en 1939, puis en 1952. Ces deux éditions sont une source importante pour comprendre les mentalités et les modes d’identification de soi et des autres. Il n’existe, à ma connaissance, aucun autre exemple littéraire de l’époque qui émette de façon aussi percutante la duplicité des discours coloniaux ainsi que la critique du mimétisme qu’ils ont pu provoquer chez les Noirs eux-mêmes. Les théories postcoloniales du mimétisme (Fanon et autres) ne font en somme qu’amplifier une réflexion déjà bien intégrée dans la sagesse populaire. Le folklore créole des Antilles et des Mascareignes est connu pour ses méthodes d’autodérision et sa mise en œuvre de tactiques de subversion et de dissimulation. Ce sont ces tactiques, et l’autocritique qu’elles présupposent, qui donnent la possibilité de se ménager, grâce au rire, un espace de manœuvre à l’intérieur de la culture dominante qui limite la liberté individuelle et collective.
Prix 2013: Conseil International d’Études Francophones
Authors: Maunick Édouard J.
Published: May 2014

Édouard Maunick a délivré son allocution à l’occasion de recevoir le Prix du Conseil International d’Études Francophones lors de l’ouverture du colloque du 2013 à l’Île Maurice.
“Dire ta chair mes révoltes”: Violence génocidaire et empathie transculturelle dans les œuvres de Jean-Luc Raharimanana, Umar Timol et Khal Torabully
Authors: Bragard Véronique
Published: May 2014

L’article analyse les images de violence et de massacre dans la poésie et les nouvelles de Khal Torabully, Umar Timol et Raharimanana tentant de dégager comment ces représentations opèrent un travail de décentrement. En disant “ta chair mes révoltes,” la littérature devient engagement avec la souffrance de l’autre. Cette étude cherche à comprendre la mise en relation d’espaces, de mémoires et de souffrances face à la violence génocidaire représentée dans ces oeuvres. En distinguant trois cas de figure—la multidirectionnalité mémorielle (Rothberg), la mise en relation d’espaces culturels et l’irrésolution empathique (La Capra)—elle met en exergue la démarche des trois auteurs qui vise à dénoncer, comprendre, voire garder à distance cette violence qui peut devenir traumatisante.
L’Alter/mondialisme: Imaginaire mauricien et solidarités transnationales
Authors: Issur Kumari
Published: May 2014

À partir des années 1990, certains écrivains mauriciens d’expression française, en prise avec la nouvelle donne de la mondialisation ‘moderne’, se mettent à élargir leurs cadres de référence et à s’exprimer sur des sujets qui transcendent le territoire et les préoccupations nationales. Ils explorent de nouveaux paradigmes qui les amènent à concevoir des paysages alternatifs aux “idéoscapes” d’Appadurai conditionnés par l’Occident qui saturent le monde d’aujourd’hui. La dynamique inédite qui se fait jour dans leurs œuvres milite pour résister au danger de la cannibalisation de la pensée et de la culture qui se profile dans la mondialisation tout en proposant des clés pour un meilleur vivre-ensemble à l’échelle de la planète.
Raharimanana: Dialogues entre l’écrit et le visuel
Authors: Célérier Patricia-Pia
Published: May 2014

Pour le philosophe Jacques Rancière, il importe de produire de nouveaux “régimes du sensible” qui repoussent les limites de l’art tel qu’il est compris, et interpellent les “règles des savoirs”. Raharimanana élabore depuis la fin des années 80 une esthétique plurielle, radicale, qui s’appuie sur une mise en mouvement de la mémoire et l’exposition de ses points névralgiques. Tout à la fois, spéculaire, spectaculaire et spéculative, l’œuvre de l’écrivain malgache manifeste un “nouveau temps, un nouvel espace et un nouveau découpage”. Elle se pose en miroir. Elle parle aux yeux et s’impose à l’imagination. Elle interroge Madagascar, ses dits et ses non-dits, ses théories et ses pratiques. Ainsi, elle met en rapport la parole et l’action, le visible et le dicible. Cet article analyse les intersections de l’écrit et du visuel chez Raharimanana pour montrer comment elles déterminent la littérarité de son corpus.
Outrepasser le lieu et ouvrir un espace de création: Le cas d’Ananda Devi
Authors: Lohka Eileen
Published: May 2014

Comment faire la part de la dynamique identitaire liée au lieu, surtout dans le cas d’une culture minoritaire et, par ailleurs, à l’imaginaire dans l’acte d’écriture littéraire? En nous référant brièvement à deux textes de , Homestead: Poèmes du cœur de l’Ouest et Enfants de Tantale , nous déterminerons comment la trajectoire de l’écrivaine l’éloigne de ses prairies référentielles pour s’ouvrir sur un lieu imaginaire neutre qui privilégie l’autre. Les Hommes qui me parlent démontreront pour leur part que des préoccupations semblables se retrouvent dans une esthétique du questionnement autant que de l’élargissement du soi, vers une réflexion d’ordre philosophique et littéraire. Les théories de Simon Harel sur l’indétermination du lieu, de sur la traversée des frontières, et de sur le vide médian, par exemple, nous permettront de cerner cette dimension de la littérature francographique de l’Île Maurice, comme d’ailleurs celle du Canada francophone en milieu minoritaire.
Du Désiré historique au péché originel: Le Quatrième Siècle d’Édouard Glissant face aux enjeux mémoriels contemporains
Authors: Ngong Benjamin
Published: May 2014

Au moment où des voix s’élèvent de plus en plus pour la reconnaissance des tragédies de l’esclavage et de la colonisation et que le contexte sociopolitique, en France et dans ses anciennes possessions, exacerbe les passions autour de la bataille mémorielle sur l’esclavage et la colonisation, une relecture du Quatrième siècle d’Édouard Glissant pourrait édifier notre compréhension des différents enjeux en nous rappelant que les débats mémoriels actuels y avaient déjà été proposés il y a près de cinquante ans.
Les Hommes qui me parlent d’Ananda Devi: Un nouvel espace pour se dire?
Authors: Cazenave Odile
Published: May 2014

Cet article se propose d’examiner la place des Hommes qui me parlent (2011) dans l’oeuvre de l’écrivaine mauricienne Ananda Devi; en quoi ce texte marquerait ou non une rupture dans la démarche de l’écrivaine de s’écrire soi, et de proposer à ses lecteurs un rapport renouvelé à l’écriture et par-delà à la littérature. Il s’agira notamment de considérer le processus de retour sur ses textes antérieurs, comment et en quoi Ananda Devi se retrouve en ses personnages, et ce faisant offre une réflexion sur le rôle que joue l’écriture pour elle, que ce soit à travers l’image que renvoie ce miroir tendu par les hommes, qui [lui] parlent, ou les figures tutélaires qui l’engagent plus avant dans l’acte et le pacte d’écrire.
Bateaux et subjectivités en dérive: La Pirogue dans le contexte postcolonial
Authors: Dima Vlad
Published: May 2014

Cet essai explore l’occurrence symbolique des bateaux dans la période postcoloniale. Dans la littérature et le cinéma postcolonial (et particulièrement au Sénégal), le bateau adopte plusieurs formes métaphoriques et métonymiques qui sont censées contribuer à la création de l’identité postcoloniale contemporaine. En utilisant principalement le denier film de Moussa Touré, La Pirogue (2012), l’hypothèse proposée est que cette identité est malheureusement toujours en chantier cinquante ans après l’indépendance et pire, que cette identité risque de ne jamais être achevée.
Narrations, déconstructions et recréations de soi: Fantasmes, dédoublements et mises en abyme dans quelques textes mauriciens
Authors: Jean-François Emmanuel Bruno
Published: May 2014

Se raconter, c’est s’approprier une voix et être dans la mise en narration de sa propre conscience. En s’appuyant sur quelques textes mauriciens de , Ananda Devi, , , et , le propos de cet article s’intéressera aussi bien aux personnages qui se racontent qu’aux auteurs qui se mettent en scène pour interroger la manière dont la narration de soi, voire le discours autobiographique, permet également la déconstruction et la recréation de soi. Cette même démarche pourra alors prendre dans les textes littéraires la forme du fantasme, du dédoublement, ou encore de la mise en abyme, comme stratégies de résistance face à la narration asymétrique. Toutes trois permettent en effet de transformer la narration en acte de libération d’une conscience polyvocale, hybride et plurielle.
Legitimacy and Identity in Russia’s Gubernatorial Elections
Authors: Goode J. Paul
Published: May 2014

How do electoral authoritarian regimes claim popular support? Since Vladimir Putin came to power, Russia watchers have ascribed the regime’s staying power to a combination of cronyism and coercion. Following mass protests of the State Duma elections in December 2011, however, the Kremlin granted a major concession in restoring gubernatorial elections after an eight-year interlude of presidential appointments. The first gubernatorial elections in October 2012 provide an opportunity to examine the regime’s claims to legitimacy in the wake of the federal elections. This study uses computer-assisted content analysis of the pro-regime press during Russia’s gubernatorial campaigns to identify varieties of legitimation strategies used by incumbent governors. The results show an expected consistency with the Kremlin’s narrative of economic growth and stability under Putin in incumbents’ claims to superior management of regional economies. However, interesting variations in treatments of procedural legitimacy and regional identity point to variations in degrees of competitiveness in gubernatorial elections. One also finds that nationalism, which featured so prominently in the 2011–12 federal elections, almost completely disappeared from the gubernatorial campaigns.
Ballot Access, Vlast’ Dominance, and Pomoshchnik Political Culture in Russia’s Subnational Executive Elections
Authors: Epstein Daniel J.
Published: May 2014

Executive elections have returned to Russia’s regions after eight years, during which time gubernatorial positions at the subnational level were filled by presidential appointment. These are critically important positions for ruling Russia, and thus controlling them is no less important to the Kremlin now than they were in 2004 when Putin abolished elections for these positions in order to strengthen the vlast’ vertikal . Although only 13 regions have held executive elections in this new era, vlast’ has won every contest. This paper examines an important aspect of how vlast’ maintains such electoral control. It uses statistical analysis to examine the importance of candidacy manipulations as an instance of “administrative resources” that the Kremlin employs to secure its desired electoral outcomes. The finding is that the maximization of vlast’’s electoral dominance is not as closely related to blocking the access of opposition candidates who want to get on the ballot as it is to the paucity of opposition candidates who even try to get onto ballot. Although decisions not to seek ballot access cannot be observed directly, the paper proposes an explanation for variations in the rate of opposition-candidate emergence: 10cal political culture that may enjoin politicians to define themselves as helpers, not autonomous agents or competitors. The paper then uses a case study of Briansk oblast to elaborate the evolution of such a “ pomoshchnik culture,” and hypothesizes how it can affect attitudes about political competition among regional political elites.
Resistance to Decentralization under Medvedev and Putin
Authors: Slider Darrell
Published: May 2014

How political systems divide functions between levels of government is universally a subject of political struggle, with important implications for democracy, inequality, economic efficiency, and conflict resolution. Russia under Vladimir Putin has shifted from an anarchic proto-federalism in the 1990s to a highly centralized state. Over time, the negative consequences of over-centralization have generated pressures from regional leaders and other political actors to “re-decentralize.” This article, using Russian government documents, transcripts of meetings between officials, and press materials, examines this process in the period from 2008 (when Putin temporarily gave up the presidency to Dmitrii Medvedev) through December 2013 (a year and a half after Putin returned for his third term as president). It finds that decentralization has been successfully resisted by the entrenched interests that grew stronger as a result of Putin’s early centralizing efforts. Putin’s political system has ceded to ministries de facto veto power, and this has determined political outcomes. As an alternative to genuine decentralization to regions or cities, the Kremlin has sought a solution in what could be called “decentralization substitutes.” First, the new North Caucasus Federal District attempts to avoid decentralization to republic leaders by empowering Aleksandr Khloponin to coordinate development policies as both deputy prime minister and presidential representative. Second, the newly created Far East Development Ministry, based in Khabarovsk and initially headed by Viktor Ishaev, placed some responsibility for planning on Ishaev, who served simultaneously as government minister and presidential representative in the Far East Federal District. Third, state-run companies and corporations were increasingly viewed as the most effective mechanism for distributing budgetary resources and overseeing investment programs in the regions. Special corporations have ’been created ’both for the North Caucasus and the Far East regions. There is little evidence that these decentralization substitutes will produce the desired results, but they are more consistent with the precepts of the Putin era than would be a real shift of power to governors and regions.
Regional Elections and Electoral Malpractice in Russia: The Manipulation of Electoral Rules, Voters, and Votes
Authors: Ross Cameron
Published: May 2014

This study examines the democratic integrity of nine rounds of Russian regional assembly elections which were held over the period October 2008-September 2013. It provides a detailed examination of Birch’s three key aspects of electoral malpractice: the manipulation of rules, the manipulation of voters, and the manipulation of votes. The study demonstrates that elections in Russia have been far from “free and fair” and that the manipulation and falsification of elections have been so great that it is no longer valid to define Russia as some type of qualified democracy. Following Schedler, the study concludes that it is more accurate to classify Russia as an “electoral authoritarian regime.”
The Reinstated Gubernatorial Elections in Russia: A Return to Open Politics?
Authors: DeBardeleben Joan , Zherebtsov Mikhail
Published: May 2014

Rescission of the direct popular election of Russia’s regional executives was interpreted by many observers as a cardinal indicator of the trend toward authoritarianism in Russia. In the wake of a series of vocal national protests against electoral fraud following the State Duma elections of December 2011, President Dmitrii Medvedev announced the reinstatement of gubernatorial elections, and a federal law was passed in May 2012 implementing this decision; the first gubernatorial elections under the new system took place in five Russian oblasts on 14 October 2012. This paper analyzes the campaigns and outcomes of these elections, as well as media and expert commentary surrounding them, with a goal of exploring whether the reinstitution of a gubernatorial electoral process presents a significant potential for renewed political competition or popular political mobilization at the regional level in Russia. Analysis of these early cases suggests that while these elections offer a real potential for genuine electoral contestation, the political establishment also exhibited the ability to apply a variety of formal and informal mechanisms to assure the desired outcome. Realization of the potential of gubernatorial elections to promote electoral competition would require a greater resolve and unity of opposition parties, including at the subregional level.
Russia’s Return to the Direct Election of Governors: Re-Shaping the Power Vertical?
Authors: Teague Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

The Russian leadership was taken aback both by the relatively poor showing of the ruling party in the 2011 parliamentary elections and by the size of the popular protests against alleged electoral fraud that followed. Realizing that the existing system of top-down rule was no longer effective or fully served the elite’s own interests, the leadership initially responded by offering a number of concessions, including the restoration of direct popular elections of regional governors. The gubernatorial elections held in 2012 were stage-managed, but at least some of those held in 2013 were open to a degree of competition. The results encouraged the leadership to declare its intention to open the system up to further competition. The aim seemed to be not only to contain popular dissent but also to bring about more efficient regional government, thereby securing the elite’s continued hold on power.