bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absolute up- and down-conversion luminescence efficiency in hexagonal Na(Lu/Y/Gd)F4: Yb, Er/Tm/Ho with optimized chemical composition
Authors: Valenta Jan , Repko Anton , Greben Michael , Nižňanský Daniel
Published: July 2018

Up- and down-conversion luminescence efficiency of hexagonal NaYF4, NaLuF4 and NaGdF4, prepared by a novel hydrothermal method using succinic acid and codoped with Yb and Er/Tm/Ho, was investigated over a broad spectral range 350 – 1640 nm. For this synthesis method NaLuF4 matrix provided the best up-conversion efficiency, while NaYF4 and NaGdF4 give about twice and eight-times reduced efficiency, respectively. We systematically varied dopant concentrations of Yb3+ and Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ in order to find the optimum composition. The best performing material was found to be NaLuF4: Yb3+ 15%, Er3+ 1.5%, for which we performed detailed study of absolute luminescence power efficiency under different excitation power using an integrating sphere approach. The integrated up-converted signal reaches about 17% in the excitation power range of 70-100 W/cm2, while the down-converted emission power efficiency is about 10%. An important fraction of absorbed power is (re)emitted close to the excitation wavelength. This close-to-resonance emission represents 2–3 (anti-Stokes) and 10–30% (Stokes shifted) of absorbed power depending weakly on the excitation power. In order to prove Yb3+ luminescence-related origin of this loss channel we exploited the time-resolved luminescence kinetics using modulated laser beam (both 405 and 978 nm), which allows also determination of the absorption cross section in the range 1 – 3 × 10-21 cm2 at 978 nm matching the published values for Yb3+ ion. The determined efficiency parameters are comparable to the best values reported so far and we discuss the way to further increase the efficiency limit.
Particle and heat flux diagnostics on the C-2W divertor electrodes
Authors: Griswold M. E. , Granstedt E. M. , Thompson M. C. , Knapp K. , Koop B. ,   TAE Team
Published: July 2018

A suite of diagnostics was developed to measure particle and heat fluxes arriving at the divertor electrodes of the C-2W experiment at TAE Technologies. The divertor electrodes consist of 4 concentric rings, each equipped with a bolometer, electrostatic energy analyzer, and thermocouple mounted at two opposing azimuthal locations. These probes provide measurements of the power flux to the divertor electrodes as well as measurements of the ion current density, ion energy distribution, and total energy deposition. The thermocouples also provide calibration points for inferring the heat deposition profile via thermographic imaging of the electrodes with a fast infrared camera. The combined measurements enable the calculation of the energy lost per escaping electron/ion pair, which is an important metric for understanding electron heat transport in the open field lines that surround the field-reversed configuration plasma in C-2W.
Lattice theory of competitive binding: Influence of van der Waals interactions on molecular binding and adsorption to a solid substrate from binary liquid mixtures
Authors: Dudowicz Jacek , Douglas Jack F. , Freed Karl F.
Published: July 2018

The reversible binding of molecules to surfaces is one of the most fundamental processes in condensed fluids, with obvious applications in the molecular separation of materials, chromatographic characterization, and material processing. Motivated in particular by the ubiquitous occurrence of binding processes in molecular biology and self-assembly, we have developed a lattice type theory of competitive molecular binding to solid substrates from binary mixtures of two small molecule liquids that interact between themselves by van der Waals forces in addition to exhibiting binding interactions with the solid surface. The derived theory, in contrast to previously existing theoretical frameworks, enables us to investigate the influence of van der Waals interactions on interfacial binding and selective molecular adsorption. For reference, the classic Langmuir theory of adsorption is recovered when all van der Waals interaction energies between the molecules in the bulk liquid phase and those on the surface are formally set to zero. Illustrative calculations are performed for the binding of molecules to a solid surface from pure liquids and from their binary mixtures. The properties analyzed include the surface coverage θ, the binding transition temperature Tbind, the individual surface coverages, θA and θC, and the relative surface coverages, σAC≡θA/θC or σCA≡θC/θA. The latter two quantities coincide with the degrees of adsorption directly determined from experimental adsorption measurements. The Langmuir theory is shown to apply formally under a wide range of conditions where the original enthalpies (Δh or ΔhA and ΔhC) and entropies (Δs or ΔsA and ΔsC) of the binding reactions are simply replaced by their respective “effective” counterparts (Δheff or ΔhAeff and ΔhCeff and Δseff or ΔsAeff and ΔsCeff), whose values depend on the strength of der Waals interactions and of the “bare” free energy parameters (Δh or ΔhA and ΔhC, and Δs or ΔsA and ΔsC). Numerous instances of entropy-enthalpy compensation between these effective free energy parameters follow from our calculations, confirming previous reports on this phenomenon obtained from experimental studies of molecular binding processes in solution.
Physical model testing and numerical simulation for temperature distribution of mass concrete freezing shaft lining in deep alluvium
Authors: Song Haiqing , Cai Haibing , Cheng Hua , Yao Zhishu
Published: July 2018

In this study, we conducted an experimental model test and numerical thermal analysis to determine the temperature distribution and thermal gradients of mass concrete freezing shaft lining under the influence of low-temperature frozen soil wall. A non-scaled-down model was built with embedded thermocouple sensors to monitor the temperature distribution of the shaft lining and the frozen soil wall. Transient heat transfer analysis was conducted using ANSYS finite element software to validate the monitoring results of the model test. The temperature distribution at different points along the radial direction in the shaft lining and frozen soil wall are evaluated and compared by using finite element method and experimental work. The results are in good agreement and thus validated.
The Cauchy problem for nonlinear quadratic interactions of the Schrödinger type in one dimensional space
Authors: Barbosa Isnaldo Isaac
Published: July 2018

In this work, we study the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem associated with the coupled Schrödinger equations with quadratic nonlinearities, which appears modeling problems in nonlinear optics. We obtain the local well-posedness for data in Sobolev spaces with low regularity. To obtain the local theory, we prove new bilinear estimates for the coupling terms of the system in the continuous case. Concerning global results, in the continuous case, we establish the global well-posedness in Hs(R)×Hs(R), for some negatives indexes s. The proof of our global result uses the I-method introduced by Colliander et al.
A dynamic model of transmission and elimination of peste des petits ruminants in Ethiopia
Authors: Fournié Guillaume , Waret-Szkuta Agnès , Camacho Anton , Yigezu Laike M. , Pfeiffer Dirk U. , Roger François
Published: July 2018

Significance

Only two infectious diseases, smallpox in humans and rinderpest in cattle, have been eradicated so far. Peste de petits ruminants (PPR), a viral disease representing a major burden for sheep and goat farmers across Africa and Asia, is now targeted for eradication through mass vaccination campaigns. While an efficacious vaccine providing protective and lifelong immunity exists, the level of PPR virus transmission in animal populations is unknown. By combining the results from a nationwide serological survey with a dynamic model simulating viral spread, we estimated viral transmission potential in Ethiopia, where PPR virus is endemic, and vaccination coverage required for disease elimination. This approach is relevant to identify populations at high risk of viral persistence and to inform vaccination strategies.
Thrombospondin receptor α2δ-1 promotes synaptogenesis and spinogenesis via postsynaptic Rac1
Authors: Risher W. Christopher , Kim Namsoo , Koh Sehwon , Choi Ji-Eun , Mitev Petar , Spence Erin F. , Pilaz Louis-Jan , Wang Dongqing , Feng Guoping , Silver Debra L. , Soderling Scott H. , Yin Henry H. , Eroglu Cagla
Published: July 2018

Astrocytes control excitatory synaptogenesis by secreting thrombospondins (TSPs), which function via their neuronal receptor, the calcium channel subunit α2δ-1. α2δ-1 is a drug target for epilepsy and neuropathic pain; thus the TSP–α2δ-1 interaction is implicated in both synaptic development and disease pathogenesis. However, the mechanism by which this interaction promotes synaptogenesis and the requirement for α2δ-1 for connectivity of the developing mammalian brain are unknown. In this study, we show that global or cell-specific loss of α2δ-1 yields profound deficits in excitatory synapse numbers, ultrastructure, and activity and severely stunts spinogenesis in the mouse cortex. Postsynaptic but not presynaptic α2δ-1 is required and sufficient for TSP-induced synaptogenesis in vitro and spine formation in vivo, but an α2δ-1 mutant linked to autism cannot rescue these synaptogenesis defects. Finally, we reveal that TSP–α2δ-1 interactions control synaptogenesis postsynaptically via Rac1, suggesting potential molecular mechanisms that underlie both synaptic development and pathology.
Refined broccoli invariants
Authors: Göttsche Lothar , Schroeter Franziska
Published: July 2018

We introduce a tropical enumerative invariant depending on a variable

y
y

which generalizes the tropical refined Severi degree. We show that this refined broccoli invariant is indeed independent of the point configuration, and that it specializes to a tropical descendant Gromov-Witten invariant for

y
=
1

y=1

and to the corresponding broccoli invariant for

y
=
−
1

y=-1

. Furthermore, we define tropical refined descendant Gromov-Witten invariants which equal the corresponding refined broccoli invariants giving a new insight to the nature of broccoli invariants. We discuss various possible generalizations e.g. to refinements of bridge curves and Welschinger curves.
copMEM: finding maximal exact matches via sampling both genomes
Authors: Grabowski Szymon , Bieniecki Wojciech
Published: July 2018

Motivation

Genome-to-genome comparisons require designating anchor points, which are given by Maximum Exact Matches (MEMs) between their sequences. For large genomes this is a challenging problem and the performance of existing solutions, even in parallel regimes, is not quite satisfactory.

Results

We present a new algorithm, copMEM, that allows to sparsely sample both input genomes, with sampling steps being coprime. Despite being a single-threaded implementation, copMEM computes all MEMs of minimum length 100 between the human and mouse genomes in less than 2 minutes, using 7 GB of RAM memory.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/wbieniec/copmem

Supplementary data

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Risk Factors for Indeterminate Outcome on Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Non-US-Born Persons Screened for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Sharninghausen Jody C , Shapiro Adrienne E , Koelle David M , Kim H Nina
Published: July 2018

Background

Non-US-born individuals account for the majority of active tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is the preferred diagnostic test for latent TB but can produce an indeterminate result. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of an indeterminate IGRA (IND-IGRA) in a diverse cohort of non-US-born individuals and evaluated outcomes after IND-IGRA.

Methods

We identified patient age ≥18 years who had an outpatient IGRA between 2010 and 2017 in our health system and whose primary language was not English. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of IND-IGRA with a variety of clinical factors.

Results

Of 3128 outpatients with ≥1 IGRA done, 33% were Asian, 30% Hispanic, and 29% black; 44% were men, and the median age was 50 years. An initial IND-IGRA occurred in 118 (3.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%–4.5%); notably, Asian race (55%) and rheumatologic conditions (25%) were prevalent in this group. In multivariable analysis, Asian race was independently associated with IND-IGRA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.9–4.3), in addition to the presence of anemia and hypoalbuminemia (aOR for interaction, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3–14.3). Only 55% of patients with an initial IND-IGRA underwent repeat testing; of those who did, 66% had a determinate result.

Conclusions

Asian race and anemia/hypoalbuminemia were independent risk factors for an indeterminate IGRA outcome in foreign-born patients screened in the United States. Our study underscores the importance of following through on indeterminate results in these key subgroups.
Minimally Invasive Resection of a Cervical Anterolateral Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Landriel Federico , Hem Santiago , Vecchi Eduardo , Yampolsky Claudio
Published: July 2018

Intradural extramedullary spinal tumors were historically managed through traditional midline approaches. Although conventional laminectomy or laminoplasty provides a wide tumor and spinal cord exposure, they may cause prolonged postoperative neck pain and late kyphosis deformity. Minimally invasive ipsilateral hemilaminectomy preserves midline structures, reduces the paraspinal muscle disruption, and could avoid postoperative kyphosis deformity. A safe tumor resection through this approach could be complicated in large sized or anteromedullary located lesions. We present a surgical video of C3 antero located meningioma removed en bloc through a minimally invasive approach. The patient signed a written consent to publish video, recording, photograph, image, illustration, and/or information about him.
Multiple Disadvantage and Discrimination: Implications for Adolescent Health and Education
Authors: Prince Dana M , Rocha Anita , Nurius Paula S
Published: July 2018

Multiply disadvantaged youths exhibit worse health and academic success than their less disadvantaged peers, possibly due to greater exposure to social status–based discrimination. Models that capture the additive burden of disadvantage in tandem with multiple forms of discrimination are needed to explicate the unique and combined impact of these factors on adolescent health and academic outcomes. In addition, protective factors like positive family and peer relationships may attenuate these relationships. This study used data from the Beyond High School Study (N = 9,658), which looked at the transition to adulthood among senior class cohorts from 12 high schools in western Washington state, to investigate the influence of multiple disadvantage, four types of discrimination, and protective resources on student physical and mental health and school grades. Results show that both increased multiple disadvantage statuses and experienced discrimination are associated with decrements across outcomes; however, effects are attenuated when protective resources are considered. Yet, as disadvantages mount, the buffering effect of peer and family resources are dampened. No interaction was found between experienced discrimination and protective resources on outcomes.
Extrinsic stochastic factors (solute partition) in gene expression inside lipid vesicles and lipid-stabilized water-in-oil droplets: a review
Authors: Altamura Emiliano , Carrara Paolo , D’Angelo Francesca , Mavelli Fabio , Stano Pasquale
Published: July 2018

The encapsulation of transcription–translation (TX–TL) machinery inside lipid vesicles and water-in-oil droplets leads to the construction of cytomimetic systems (often called ‘synthetic cells’) for synthetic biology and origins-of-life research. A number of recent reports have shown that protein synthesis inside these microcompartments is highly diverse in terms of rate and amount of synthesized protein. Here, we discuss the role of extrinsic stochastic effects (i.e. solute partition phenomena) as relevant factors contributing to this pattern. We evidence and discuss cases where between-compartment diversity seems to exceed the expected theoretical values. The need of accurate determination of solute content inside individual vesicles or droplets is emphasized, aiming at validating or rejecting the predictions calculated from the standard fluctuations theory. At the same time, we promote the integration of experiments and stochastic modeling to reveal the details of solute encapsulation and intra-compartment reactions.
A Response: Rebuttal to “Digital Disaster and the Ethics of Virtual Plant Pathology”
Authors: Holmes Gerald , Creswell Tom , Dyson Tom
Published: July 2018

In the April 1999 issue of Phytopathology News, Larry Stowell argues that the use of photographs and digital images as the sole source of information for a plant health diagnosis is poor practice. He then lists many negative consequences of incorrect diagnoses and cites shrinking budgets as the reason that university extension programs have adopted this technology. Digital images are new and powerful tools in disease diagnosis. Their use is not the result of shrinking budgets but rather of increased funding to explore methods that improve the speed and accuracy of current methods.

Posted 6 June 2000.
“And Now for the Rest of the Story…”: Rebuttal to “Digital Disaster and the Ethics of Virtual Plant Pathology”
Authors: Sherwood J. L.
Published: July 2018

There are several advantages to the digital imaging system. First, critical information is rapidly exchanged. Secondly, the availability of the extension specialist is increased, because the specialist can be paged to check a sample on their laptop computer or by stopping at any county office or public library that has Internet access.

21 June 2000.
More on “Digital Disaster and the Ethics of Virtual Plant Pathology”
Authors: Stowell L. J.
Published: July 2018

Response to recent trends toward over-reliance on digital diagnoses. This profession to be challenged by the ethics of using electronic communications for the purposes of conducting diagnoses and making recommendations.

Posted 28 June 2000.
Novartis Crop Protection Stands Behind Plant Biotechnology
Authors: Tally A. H.
Published: July 2018

Plant biotechnology has taken a beating in the news media and by environmental groups lately, and the “pro-biotech” voice has barely been heard above the din. We want that to change.

Posted 28 June 2000.
Evaluating the Threat Posed by Fungi on the APHIS List of Regulated Plant Pests
Authors: Rossman Amy Y. , Britton Kerry , Luster Doug , Palm Mary , Royer Matthew H. , Sherald Jim
Published: July 2018

An evaluation of the potential threat of fungi on the APHIS Regulated Plant Pest List was conducted by the federal interagency Invasive Terrestrial Arthropods and Pathogens (ITAP) Subcommittee on Plant Pathogens. Each species was evaluated based on the importance of the plant host, geographic distribution, and state of knowledge. Fungi that cause serious diseases of plants of major economic value and forest trees were considered a threat if the fungus does not occur in the United States. Drs. Erica Cline and David Farr recently reviewed the fungi on the APHIS Regulated Plant Pest List, providing an accurate scientific name as well as the disease, plant hosts, and geographic distribution for each species.

Accepted for publication 3 May 2006. Published 5 May 2006.
Winter Cover Crops Reduce Bacterial Wilt of Flue-cured Tobacco
Authors: Ong K. L. , Fortnum B. A. , Kluepfel D. A. , Riley M. B.
Published: July 2018

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a serious disease for tobacco farmers in the southeastern USA. The lack of suitable land for crop rotation and increased area of production on farms has resulted in shorter rotations, and increased losses due to bacterial wilt. Cover crops are rarely grown immediately before a tobacco crop because soil fumigation for nematode control necessitates early destruction of the cover crop. The microbial activity associated with growing winter cover crops may alter populations of R. solanacearum. This field study evaluated vetch, canola, or rye winter cover crops for suppression of bacterial wilt. Averaged over two tobacco crops, vetch preceding tobacco reduced bacterial wilt disease incidence 33% and increased crop yield and value (37% and 41%, respectively) when compared to a winter fallow. A two-year rotation involving both winter cover and summer rotation crops also showed that winter cover crops increased yields and reduced disease incidence when used following a nonsusceptible summer crop. Soybean rotation followed by a vetch winter cover reduced disease incidence 73% and increased yields 132% when compared to tobacco without a summer soybean rotation and with a bare winter fallow. Data suggest that losses to bacterial wilt can be reduced significantly with use of a vetch winter cover.

Accepted for publication 14 February 2007. Published 22 May 2007.
First Report of the Natural Occurrence of Soybean Bacterial Wilt Isolates Pathogenic to Dry Beans in Nebraska
Authors: Harveson Robert M. , Vidaver Anne K.
Published: July 2018

None of the soybean wilt pathogens are commonly found in midwestern soybean crops. This is the first report of naturally-infected US soybean fields in at least 25 years and the first ever for Nebraska. This is also the first report of naturally-occurring soybean wilt isolates being pathogenic to dry beans. The severity of the damage on dry beans has been well documented. However, the potential for future problems in soybean production in Nebraska and elsewhere is unknown. Crop rotation may affect disease severity and pathogen survival in these two crops, since there are several regions in Nebraska where the two crops may overlap. Currently, the source of inoculum is not established, but the unique presence of both dry bean and soybean pathogens in production fields warrants investigation of the relationships among isolates.

Accepted for publication 23 April 2007. Published 22 August 2007.
A Synopsis of Phytophthora with Accurate Scientific Names, Host Range, and Geographic Distribution
Authors: Cline Erica T. , Farr David F. , Rossman Amy Y.
Published: July 2018

The genus Phytophthora includes species causing diseases such as late blight of potatoes, Phytophthora infestans, and sudden oak death and ramorum blight, P. ramorum. Because of the importance of diseases caused by Phytophthora, there is a need to have rapid access to the literature using their scientific names. The literature has been reviewed for all names in Phytophthora in order to provide the scientific name of each accepted species with authors and synonyms as well as the plant host range and worldwide geographic distribution. Within the genus Phytophthora, there are 87 accepted species and six infraspecific taxa. After compiling all available reports of Phytophthora, it was determined that 39 species and six infraspecific taxa, or about one-half of the accepted species, are not known to occur in the United States. The accurate scientific names of accepted species of Phytophthora are listed in two tables based on their presence or absence in the United States. Each species name is hyperlinked to databases that provide full synonymy and references documenting the host range and geographic distribution information. These data are continuously updated as new literature is published. Having rapid access to information about species of Phytophthora is critical for protecting the United States from the introduction of these potentially devastating pathogens.

Accepted for publication 21 December 2007. Published 18 March 2008.
Iris yellow spot virus on Shallot and Onion in France
Authors: Huchette Odile , Bellamy Christèle , Filomenko Rodolphe , Pouleau Blandine , Seddas Sam , Pappu Hanu R.
Published: July 2018

Iris yellow spot virus is an economically important viral pathogen of onion. The virus has been reported from several countries in the world in recent years and, in Europe, the virus was reported from the Netherlands, Slovenia, Italy, and more recently from Spain. This is the first report of the virus in France, which ranks fifth in onion production in the European Union. The impact of the IYSV on onion and shallot in the different production areas of France remains to be seen.

Accepted for publication 7 March 2008. Published 10 June 2008.
Cladosporium herbarum Causes a Leaf Spot on Marshmarigold in Western North America
Authors: Johnson Dennis A. , Pimentel Guillermo , Dugan Frank M.
Published: July 2018

Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii and Caltha leptosepala ssp. leptosepala (marshmarigold, Ranunculaceae) inhabit stream banks and wet meadows in the northern Rocky and Cascade mountain ranges of North America. Cladosporium herbarum (anamorphic Davidiellaceae) is a cosmopolitan saprophytic fungus and epiphyte that can invade senescing tissues of many plants, induce disease in ripe fruits of some plant species, and occupy other diverse environments. Instances of biotypes of C. herbarum specialized to cause disease on a given host are rare. This study reports a biotype of C. herbarum that caused disease on C. leptosepala. The name Cladosporium leaf spot is proposed for this disease.

Accepted for publication 14 September 2008. Published 21 November 2008.
Relationships Between Yield and Crown Disease of Sweet Corn Grown in the Willamette Valley of Oregon
Authors: Miller Nathan L. , Ocamb Cynthia M.
Published: July 2018

Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) yields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon declined during the 1990s. Severe root rot affected some plants shortly before harvest, but was absent in other plants that showed secondary symptoms of reduced ear yield and leaf death; necrosis of stalk nodes and crown tissues was found instead. Studies were done to determine if there is a relationship among yield and necrosis of crowns, stalk nodes, nodal roots, radicles, or sub-crown internodes. An image analysis program was used to quantify the grayscale value of crown and node tissues. Regression analysis indicates that plants with darker crown tissues have lower ear weights. Rots of the nodal roots, radicle, or sub-crown internode were poor predictors of ear weight at harvest. When either Fusarium oxysporum or F. verticillioides were isolated from crowns of commercial sweet corn plants, these crowns had significantly darker grayscale values than those from which neither species was isolated; ear weights were also lower when F. oxysporum was isolated from the crown or a stalk node.

Accepted for publication 13 July 2009. Published 31 August 2009.
New Outbreaks of Verticillium Wilt on Hop in Oregon Caused by Nonlethal Verticillium albo-atrum
Authors: Gent David H. , Woods Joanna L. , Putnam Melodie L.
Published: July 2018

In 2006 and 2007, outbreaks of Verticillium wilt on hop were detected on two farms in Oregon. Some Verticillium pathogens cause minor damage to hop but others can kill susceptible cultivars: strains of lethal V. albo-atrum are not known to occur in Oregon. Studies were conducted to determine the identity of the Verticillium species associated with these outbreaks and their virulence to hop to devise an appropriate response to the outbreaks. Isolates were recovered from wilted plants, and identified as V. albo-atrum based on morphological characters and ITS region sequence. Pathogenicity assays conducted on a set of differential cultivars indicated all isolates had a low to intermediate level of virulence. Inspection and mapping of all symptomatic and dead plants in a hop yard on an affected farm indicated that 29.3% and 19.7% of plants had symptoms of Verticillium wilt in 2006 and 2007, respectively. However, the number of dead or missing plants did not increase from 2006 to 2007 (0.26% in both years). There was a clear directionality to the pattern of symptomatic plants among rows running north-south vs. east-west in 2006, although directionality was less pronounced in 2007. These findings indicate that the recent outbreaks of V. albo-atrum on hop in Oregon were caused by nonlethal strains, which has key implications for devising management strategies on the affected farms.

Accepted for publication 30 March 2012. Published 21 May 2012.
The Pest Potential of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug on Vegetable Crops
Authors: Kuhar Thomas P. , Kamminga Katherine L. , Whalen Joanne , Dively Galen P. , Brust Gerald , Hooks Cerruti R. R. , Hamilton George , Herbert D. Ames
Published: July 2018

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is an invasive insect in the Mid-Atlantic region that is spreading rapidly across the United States. In this article, the authors document the pest potential of this bug to vegetable crops based on their observations in the Mid-Atlantic United States thus far.

Accepted for publication 20 April 2012. Published 23 May 2012.
Multiyear Evaluation of an Orange Peel Oil-based Spray Additive for Managing Insect Pests and Brown Rot of Nectarine
Authors: Schnabel G. , Fernández-Ortuño D. , Bridges W. C. , Hudson S. B.
Published: July 2018

Adjuvants are often added to pesticide formulations to enhance their effectiveness. In this multiyear field study, a proprietary formulation of orange peel oil-based spray additive containing alcohol ethoxylate (OPO-AE) was used alone or in combination with the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate or the demethylation inhibitor fungicide fenbuconazole for pest and disease control of nectarine. Field performance of fenbuconazole for preharvest and postharvest brown rot control was not improved when OPO-AE was added to the spray tank. However, OPO-AE alone reduced preharvest but not postharvest fruit rot compared to the nontreated control. Esfenvalerate was consistently the best treatment to control chewing insects but the insecticidal effect of the pyrethroid was negated when the adjuvant was added. Leaf damage likely due to insect feeding was significantly higher in the esfenvalerate + OPO-AE treatment compared to esfenvalerate alone. The OPO-AE treatment by itself had significantly greater leaf damage compared to the untreated control indicating that the orange peel oil-based formulation is an insect attractant likely due to the presence of d-limonene. In conclusion, our studies do not support claims that OPO-AE formulated as Vintre increases insecticidal or fungicidal efficacy of commercial products.

Accepted for publication 14 May 2012. Published 17 June 2012.
The 11th I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium: Today's Students Making a Difference in Plant Disease Epidemiology and Disease Management
Authors: Nutter F. W.
Published: July 2018

Published 23 July 2012.
Effect of Cultivar Selection on Soil Population of Verticillium dahliae and Wilt Development in Cotton
Authors: Chawla Shilpi , Woodward Jason E. , Wheeler Terry A. , Dever Jane K.
Published: July 2018

A microplot study was conducted over a 3-year period to investigate the influence of planting combinations of susceptible and/or partially resistant cotton cultivars on soil population of Verticillium dahliae. Stoneville (ST) 4554B2RF was used throughout the test as a susceptible cultivar and either Associated Farming Delinting (AFD) 5065B2F or an advanced breeding line was used as a partially resistant cultivar. Microplots were augmented with field soil naturally infested with V. dahliae. ST 4554B2RF when planted in three sequential seasons increased V. dahliae population in soil by 754 fold; however, V. dahliae population in microplots planted to the partially resistant cultivars over three seasons increased by 114 fold. Disease incidence increased from 8% to 58% over 3 years for ST 4554B2RF and from 0% to 5% for AFD 5065B2F or advanced breeding line over the same period. Yield was highest after 3 years of AFD 5065B2F or the advanced breeding line and lowest after 3 years of ST 4554B2RF. Yield correlated with the current year cultivar, pre-plant V. dahliae densities, and disease incidence. Results from this study indicate that cultivar selection can impact microsclerotia density and incidence of wilt in cotton.

Accepted for publication 26 June 2012. Published 24 August 2012.
Phytophthora ramorum Identified Infecting Eastern Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens) Plants Shipped to Oregon
Authors: Osterbauer N. K. , Lane S. , Trippe A.
Published: July 2018

These results confirm the pathogenicity of Phytophthora ramorum on eastern teaberry and complete Koch's Postulates for this new host. Eastern teaberry is an understory species native to eastern North America, with its range extending from Alabama and Georgia (United States) in the south to Manitoba and Quebec (Canada) in the north. Infected nursery plants represent a potential pathway for P. ramorum introduction to this region.

Accepted for publication 22 November 2013. Published 22 January 2014.
Detection of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in Phryma leptostachya L.: A New Native Plant Host in Minnesota
Authors: Bratsch Sara A. , Flynn Jennifer S. , Lockhart Benham E.
Published: July 2018

To our knowledge, this is the first report of TRV infection in P. leptostachya. The repeated isolation of TRV from plants in isolated, uncultivated habitats suggests that TRV may be endemic to North America. Further studies are needed to determine if infected native perennial plants could serve as a potential TRV reservoir that could cause corky ringspot infection in potato.

Accepted for publication 9 October 2014. Published 29 December 2014.
First Report of Daylily Leaf Streak Caused by Kabatiella microsticta on Hemerocallis spp. in Norway
Authors: Strømeng Gunn Mari , Brurberg May Bente , Vike Eva , Talgø Venche
Published: July 2018

Daylily leaf streak has previously been reported from Japan, United States, and China. If the disease becomes widespread in Norway, it may severely reduce the ornamental value and thus the use of daylilies in gardens and landscape plantings.

Accepted by publication 13 February 2015. Published 4 March 2015.
First Report of Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus L.) as a Host for the Southern Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in the United States
Authors: Manuchehri M. R. , Woodward J. E. , Wheeler T. A. , Dotray P. A. , Keeling J. W.
Published: July 2018

The results indicate that S. tragus is a suitable host of M. incognita and, therefore, failure to properly manage S. tragus in rotation crops or during fallow periods may negate the benefit of crop rotation.

Accepted for publication 1 September 2015. Published 10 September 2015
First Report of Charcoal Rot Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on Brassica carinata in South Dakota
Authors: Tande C. , Gebreil A. , Mathew F. , Grady K. , Byamukama E.
Published: July 2018

This report indicates that Brassica carinata is a host for Macrophomina phaseolina and if susceptible crops (such as soybean and corn) are planted following B. carinata, presence of inoculum combined with drought conditions can favor charcoal rot development and cause yield loss.

Accepted for publication 31 August 2015. Published 10 September 2015
First Report of Lilac ring mottle virus Infecting Lilac in the United States
Authors: Sharma-Poudyal Dipak , Osterbauer Nancy K. , Putnam Melodie L. , Scott Simon W.
Published: July 2018

Symptoms of leaf deformation, reduction in leaf size, ring spots, and line patterns were observed on lilac ‘President Grevy’ and ‘Krasavitsa Moskvy’ grown by a nursery in Marion Co., OR. Total nucleic acids were isolated from symptomatic leaf tissue and subjected to PCR analysis for the movement protein of the RNA3 of Lilac ring mottle virus (LiRMoV). The amplicon produced showed >99% homology with the published sequence for LiRMoV. This is the first report of LiRMoV from lilac President Grevy and Krasavitsa Moskvy in the USA.

Accepted for publication 26 May 2016. Published 14 July 2016.
First Report of Rose Rosette Disease Caused by Rose rosette virus on Knock Out Roses in Louisiana
Authors: Singh Raghuwinder , Valverde Rodrigo , Cook Madeline , Owings Allen
Published: July 2018

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of rose rosette disease caused by Rose rosette virus on Knock Out roses in Louisiana. It is difficult to assess the total value of roses in Louisiana but this disease has the potential to negatively impact the thriving rose industry in the state.

Accepted for publication 23 August 2016.
Relationship Between Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines in Commercial Soybean Fields in Wisconsin
Authors: Marburger David , Conley Shawn , Esker Paul , MacGuidwin Ann , Smith Damon
Published: July 2018

Fusarium virguliforme (syn. Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines), the causal agent of sudden death syndrome, and Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode (SCN), are economically important pathogens of soybean (Glycine max) in the Midwestern United States, including Wisconsin. In 2011 and 2012, samples submitted to a SCN detection program were assayed for SCN using a sieving/centrifugation method and for F. virguliforme using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) protocol. In 2011, 135 soil samples were submitted and H. glycines was detected in 56 samples, while 10 samples were positive for F. virguliforme. In 2012, 64 of 318 samples tested positive for H. glycines and 13 tested positive for F. virguliforme. The relationship between the occurrence of H. glycines and F. virguliforme was examined further for samples that were positive for H. glycines and/or F. virguliforme. Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficient was −0.59 (P < 0.01), indicating a negative association. Furthermore, the best-fitting logistic regression model that described the probability of detecting H. glycines in a soil sample based on detecting F. virguliforme confirmed the negative correlation. This result suggests that SCN and F. virguliforme do not rely on each other to colonize fields, indicating that fields heavily infested with SCN are not necessarily at greater risk of F. virguliforme colonization.

Accepted for publication 24 October 2013. Published 28 January 2014.
Evaluation of Commercial Bell Pepper Cultivars for Resistance to Phytophthora Blight (Phytophthora capsici)
Authors: Dunn Amara R. , Lange Holly W. , Smart Christine D.
Published: July 2018

Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) is an important disease of bell peppers, causing crown, root, and fruit rot as well as foliar lesions. Substantial yield losses can result from either plant death or fruit rot. Host resistance is an effective management strategy for the root and crown rot phase of the disease, and a number of commercially-available pepper cultivars are described by the supplier as intermediately resistant. In field trials conducted over 5 years, the bell pepper cultivars Archimedes, Aristotle, Intruder, and Paladin were found to be the most resistant to a single isolate of P. capsici from New York State (NY 0664-1). Cultivars ACR285, Declaration, PS 09941819, Revolution, and Vanguard showed intermediate levels of resistance. Escalade, Karisma, Keystone Giant, King of the North, and Red Knight were highly susceptible to NY 0664-1. This information will be useful to growers selecting cultivars to plant in fields with a history of Phytophthora blight.

Accepted for publication 24 October 2013. Published 30 January 2014.
Seeding Rate and Planting Date Impacts Stand Density, Diseases, and Yield of Irrigated Peanuts
Authors: Hagan A. K. , Campbell H. L. , Bowen K. L. , Wells L.
Published: July 2018

Release of peanut cultivars with enhanced tomato spotted wilt (TSW) resistance along with the decline in the incidence of this disease gives Alabama producers the option of earlier planting of irrigated peanuts to optimize farm operations and lower seeding rates to reduce input costs. Mid-April and mid-May plantings of the cvs. Florida-07, Georgia-06G, and Georgia Green at 6.6, 9.8, 13.1, and 19.7 seed/m were monitored over three years for TSW, stem rot, and leaf spot diseases as well as yield. Despite low TSW pressure and lack of a seeding rate response, disease incidence was higher in Georgia Green than Florida-07 and Georgia-06G with higher TSW indices noted for the April than May plantings of the former but not latter two cultivars. While not impacted by planting date, stem rot incidence, which was higher at 13.1 and 19.7 than 6.6 seed/m, was lower on Florida-07 than Georgia-06G and Georgia Green with the latter proving most susceptible. Although leaf spot intensity was not impacted by seeding rate, disease ratings were higher for May than April plantings, with Florida-07 and Georgia-06G having lower leaf spot ratings than Georgia Green in two of three study years. While planting date did not impact yield in two of three years, higher yields were recorded at 13.1 and 19.7 than 6.6 seed/m, with Florida-07 and Georgia-06G having higher yields than Georgia Green.

Accepted for publication 16 February 2015. Published 20 April 2015.
Evaluation of Weed Species from the Northern Great Plains as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode
Authors: Poromarto Susilo H. , Gramig Greta G. , Nelson Berlin D. , Jain Shalu
Published: July 2018

Weeds can be alternate hosts of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), a major pathogen of soybean in the United States. Weed species from the northern soybean production area of North Dakota-northern Minnesota have not been evaluated for host suitability. Fifty-one weed species with multiple collections from different locations, representing 13 families were evaluated as hosts of SCN. Weeds were inoculated with SCN HG type 0 and a female index (FI) was calculated by comparing reproduction to that on Barnes, a susceptible soybean cultivar. Thirty-three weed species had not previously been tested. For 20 weed species, no reproduction on roots was observed on any collection. For 31 weed species, SCN females developed on roots of one or more collection, but only two weeds, henbit and field pennycress, allowed substantial reproduction with average FI's of 30.5 to 38, respectively; the other 29 species had average FI's of less than 10 and thus were defined as poor hosts. Twenty-six of the weed species from 11 plant families were newly identified hosts of SCN. Collections of species varied in host suitability. Although most weeds were non-hosts or poor hosts, the number of weeds that supported limited SCN reproduction indicates that weed hosts could influence SCN survival and reproduction in the upper Great Plains. Few weed species, however, are major hosts of SCN in this region.

Accepted 10 December 2014. Published 28 January 2015.
Longevity of Uromyces transversalis, Causal Agent of Gladiolus Rust, under Various Environmental Conditions
Authors: Bonde M. R. , Nester S. E. , Palmer C. L.
Published: July 2018

To help determine if gladiolus rust may spread to new areas of the United States, we studied effects of different temperature and moisture conditions on longevity of Uromyces transversalis urediniospores. Treatments consisted of gladiolus leaf pieces, with actively sporulating uredinia, placed in mesh bags in a plastic beaker without soil (dry) or plastic bags covered in damp soil (damp). These treatments were either held in a greenhouse at 22–26°C (warm) or refrigerator at 4°C (cool). After 14 days, 59% of urediniospores maintained under warm, dry conditions were viable compared to only 1% under warm damp conditions. After 56 days, viability dropped to 3% and near 0%, respectively. Under cool conditions, by 91 days germination dropped to 0.7% and 0%, respectively. To determine the potential for corms or soilless mix from infected plants to harbor inoculum, infected gladiolus plants were maintained in a growth chamber progressively simulating fall and winter. Following foliage senescence, corms from infected plants were removed from the soilless mix, stored 11 months at 4°C, and planted in noninfested soilless mix in the greenhouse. The pots containing soilless mix in growth chambers, upon removal of corms present on infected plants, were maintained in the chambers until fall and then replanted with healthy corms. No pustules developed on either set of plants, indicating that corms from infected plants had not been infected, urediniospores had not survived in the soilless mix, and urediniospores on or in soil did not perpetuate the disease.

Accepted by publication 15 January 2015. Published 6 April 2015.
Ergot Resistant Tetraploid Bahiagrass and Fungicide Effects on Seed Yield and Quality
Authors: Rios Esteban , Blount Ann , Harmon Philip , Mackowiak Cheryl , Kenworthy Kevin , Quesenberry Kenneth
Published: July 2018

Seed production is a critical component in agricultural systems based on bahiagrass and ergot has been reported to significantly reduce seed quality in tetraploid cultivars. Seed yield and quality are important traits to evaluate in the advanced breeding lines developed at the University of Florida. Resistance to ergot was assessed in seven tetraploid bahiagrass breeding lines and the cultivar Argentine. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin also were evaluated for managing ergot and increasing seed quality. Argentine and two tetraploid hybrids (Hyb1 and Hyb2) showed the highest levels of ergot severity and incidence. Three wild-type bahiagrass lines (WT-2, WT-4 and WT-5) performed significantly better than Argentine and could be considered resistant to ergot. Anthesis was the critical stage in relation to ergot infection, and a single application of tebuconazole at anthesis reduced ergot severity; however, neither fungicide was able to reduce ergot incidence. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin improved seed set, and reproductive efficiency was 2.4% higher after the application of tebuconazole. The slight increase in reproductive efficiency following fungicide application may not be economically justifiable for seed production in bahiagrass. Three advanced tetraploid breeding lines (Hyb1, WT-3, and WT-5) exhibited adequate seed production to be considered for cultivar release.

Accepted for publication 24 February 2015. Published 17 April 2015.
Stability of TSWV General Field Resistance in the ‘Georgia Green’ Peanut Cultivar
Authors: Branch W. D. , Culbreath A. K.
Published: July 2018

There are mainly two types of host-plant disease resistance. General or horizontal resistance is usually controlled by several genes each acting with minor additive effects, and specific or vertical resistance is usually controlled by one or two genes with a dominant major effect. In most cases, general resistance may not provide as high a level of control as specific; however, general type of resistance is usually more desirable for long-term stability. Therefore, the objective of this 13-year study was to determine the stability of the general disease resistance to tomato spotted wilt (TSW), caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), found in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar ‘Georgia Green', as indicated by comparisons with the highly susceptible ‘Florunner’ cultivar. The general host-plant TSWV resistance of Georgia Green was found to have consistently lower TSW at mid-season and total disease (primarily TSW and any soilborne disease) incidence at late season, respectively, and higher pod yield compared to Florunner across all 13 years without any genotype-by-year (G×Y) interaction for these variables. Consequently, the general TSWV-resistance of Georgia Green was found to be highly stable across many years, and should be utilized for progress in breeding improved TSWV-resistant peanut cultivars.

Accepted for publication 11 May 2015. Published 18 May 2015.