bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylated tau sites that are elevated in Alzheimer's disease fluid biomarkers are visualized in early neurofibrillary tangle maturity levels in the post mortem brain
Authors: Moloney Christina M. , Labuzan Sydney A. , Crook Julia E. , Siddiqui Habeeba , Castanedes‐Casey Monica , Lachner Christian , Petersen Ronald C. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Dickson Dennis W. , Mielke Michelle M. , Murray Melissa E.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are increasingly more reliable in predicting neuropathology. To facilitate interpretation of phosphorylated tau sites as an early fluid biomarker, we sought to characterize which neurofibrillary tangle maturity levels (pretangle, intermediary 1, mature tangle, intermediary 2, and ghost tangle) are recognized.

Methods

We queried the Florida Autopsied Multi‐Ethnic (FLAME) cohort for cases ranging from Braak stages I through VI, excluding non‐AD neuropathologies and tauopathies. Thioflavin‐S staining was compared to immunohistochemical measures of phosphorylated threonine (pT) 181, pT205, pT217, and pT231 in two hippocampal subsectors across n = 24 cases.

Results

Each phosphorylated tau site immunohistochemically labeled early neurofibrillary tangle maturity levels compared to advanced levels recognized by thioflavin‐S. Hippocampal burden generally increased with each Braak stage.

Discussion

These results provide neurobiologic evidence that these phosphorylated tau fluid biomarker sites are present during early neurofibrillary tangle maturity levels and may explain why these fluid biomarker measures are observed before symptom onset.

Highlights

Immunohistochemical evaluation of four phosphorylated tau fluid biomarker sites.

Earlier neurofibrillary tangle maturity levels recognized by phosphorylated tau in proline‐rich region.

Advanced tangle pathology is elevated in the subiculum compared to the cornu ammonis 1 of the hippocampus.

Novel semi‐quantitative frequency to calculate tangle maturity frequency.
Pyridine‐oxazoline ligated iron complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity for isoprene polymerization
Authors: Zhao Mengmeng , Zhang Xianhui , Wang Ledong , Wang Liang , Zhu Guangqian , Wang Qinggang
Published: August 2022

A series of iron(II) dichloride complexes (Fe1–Fe3) bearing 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole (L1), 4‐isopropyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole (L2), and 4‐(t‐butyl)‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole (L3) and iron(II) acetylacetonate complex (Fe4) bearing L1 were synthesized and characterized by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. Determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, complex Fe3 adopts an unusual unsymmetrical binuclear core. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), the pyridine‐oxazoline (Py‐ox) ligated iron complexes (Fe1–Fe4) showed excellent activity towards isoprene polymerization. Complex Fe1 displayed the highest activity of 8160 kg (mol·h)−1 with 54% of 3,4‐polyisoprene. The ligand environment and counter anion on iron center all displayed significant effects on polymerization activity and selectivity, which reflected the special performance compared with pyridine‐imine. And we propose the possible mechanism through cis‐η4 mode following the σ bond rotation because of the steric effect of t‐butyl substituent of Fe4 to give high trans‐1,4‐polymers. Furthermore, the effects of reaction parameters on the catalytic activity and selectivity were investigated in detail.
Synergistic effect of silicon‐containing groups on the self‐healing performance of polyurethanes based on disulfide bonds
Authors: Lou Jiankun , Yang Lide , Wei Tao , Yuan Jianmin , Deng Jianru
Published: August 2022

Self‐healing polyurethanes (PUs) with disulfide bonds and diphenyl silicon groups involved in the soft phases were prepared and studied in this work. The self‐healing efficiencies of PUs are greatly improved by the synergistic effect of diphenyl silicon groups with low surface energy—increasing the distance between two polymer chains, enhancing the mobility of polymer chains, and promoting the migration of sulfur‐containing groups to the damaged sites. The analysis of activation energy for the movement of polymer chains based on dynamic mechanical thermal analysis shows that, the higher contents of disulfide bonds and diphenyl silicon groups, the stronger mobility of polymer chains, and the higher self‐healing performance of PUs. The study of temperature and time dependencies for the healing process at damaged sites indicates that it is composed of the recombination of disulfide bonds and the interpenetration and intertwining of polymer chains. The former can be completed in a shorter time, while the latter in a longer time. Sufficient time of heat treatment at relatively high temperature is necessary to get high self‐healing efficiency. This strategy and the relative results are instructive to design and development of self‐healing PUs.
Synthesis and fabrication of biobased thermoplastic polyurethane filament for FDM 3D printing
Authors: Shin Eun Joo , Jung Yang Sook , Choi Hyeong Yeol , Lee Sunhee
Published: August 2022

This study describes a soft‐actuator grade thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with 73 ~ 86 shore A, the method of its fabrication and selected properties. The TPU was produced using bio‐based synthesized TPU (HP 2.5, HP 3.0, HB 2.5, and HB 3.0) pellets with bio‐based polyether‐biol (PO3G‐1000), and dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI) and bio‐based 1,3 propanediol (PDO) and 1,4 butanediol (BDO) as a chain extender. The TPU was formed into a filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers during a melt‐extrusion process at 180 ~ 220°C. The manufactured TPU filaments were characterized by rheological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical analyses. The equivalence ratio 3.0 with a relatively large amount of HS with BDO as a chain extender, more hydrogen‐bonding peaks occurred. The transition temperature and mechanical properties increased depending on the [NCO]:[OH] ratio, and for BDO as the chain extender. However, it was found that when PDO derived from natural material was used, the thermal stability was better. From these results, samples of auxetic re‐entrant TPU were printed with the filaments with reference to the melt flow index. The results showed that the bio‐synthesized HP 3.0 with a hardness of (82 ± 1) shore A was most suitable for FDM 3D printing.
Deportment of cobalt bismuth nanoferrites in Kevlar‐supported cellulose acetatemembranes for heavy metal‐salts rejection profile
Authors: Afzal Amina , Rafique Muhammad Shahid , Iqbal Sadia Sagar , Rafique Muhammad
Published: August 2022

The designed novel hybrid laminate membranes have been synthesized with silane surface functionalized Kevlar fabric packed between two layers of cobalt bismuth nanoferrites (CBF)‐loaded cellulose acetate. Primarily, nanoreinforcement; Co‐Bi nano‐ferrites were synthesized using sol–gel technique and functionalization is carried out using 3‐aminpropyl‐tri‐methoxysilane. Secondarily, thermally assisted evaporation methodology coupled with dip‐coating is adopted to synthesize hybrid Kevlar laminate membranes. Finally, structural, thermal, and flux along rejection studies are done on resultant hybrid membranes. The surface morphology, porosity generation, and homogeneous distribution of nanoincorporation with various concentration are revealed from micrographs of SEM of membranes. Noteworthy, impact of nanoreinforcement has been observed to holdup thermal oxidation of synthesized unique formulations of hybrid membranes employing TGA. Presence of CBF in cellulose acetate (CA)/Kevlar laminate membranes are modified glass transition and crystallization temperatures as cleared in DSC. De‐ionized water for flux and heavy metal salts rejection capabilities of each formulated membrane were tested at applied pressures 60, 120, and 180 psi. The important findings are indicated that, increasing concentration of CBF loading in CA remarkably enhanced efficacy of metal‐nitrates rejection with membranes. It is attributed to sole magneto‐physiochemical behavior of nanoferrites that, facilitate enhanced adsorption in designed hybrid membranes for heavy metal rejection from industrial wastes.
Removal of anionic and cationic dyes using porous copolymer networks made from a Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction of diethynyl iron (II) clathrochelate with various arylamines
Authors: Shetty Suchetha , Baig Noorullah , Al‐Mousawi Saleh , Alameddine Bassam
Published: August 2022

Four copolymers containing alternating units of iron(II) clathrochelate with various arylamine CLA1‐4 were synthesized via a palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction using an iron(II) clathrochelate synthon end‐capped with ethynyl groups with various brominated arylamine derivatives. Target copolymers CLA1‐4 were characterized by various instrumental analysis techniques, such as, solid‐state 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) disclosed the superior thermal stability of the target copolymers with 10% weight loss temperature values up to ~340°C. Nitrogen adsorption measurements of CLA1‐4 using Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) model revealed their porous nature with a surface area and porosity up to ~411 m2 g−1 and 0.411 cm3 g−1, respectively. Interestingly, CLA1‐4 disclose efficient adsorption of both cationic and anionic organic dyes, such as, Methylene Blue (MEB), Rhodamine B (RB), Congo Red (CR), Methyl orange (MO), and Acid orange 7 (AO7) from aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the isothermal adsorption study divulges the CLA4 uptake from aqueous solution of MEB and CR following the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 146.63 mg g−1 and 787.40 mg g−1, respectively.
Aggregation behavior of triblock terpolymer poly[n‐butyl acrylate‐block‐N‐isopropylacrylamide‐block‐2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate] at the air/water interface
Authors: Liu Dongxue , Wen Gangyao , Skandalis Athanasios , Pispas Stergios , He Guanying , Zhang Wang
Published: August 2022

Langmuir film balance technique was used to study the subphase pH and temperature effects on the aggregation behavior of a dual‐responsive triblock terpolymer poly[n‐butyl acrylate‐block‐N‐isopropylacrylamide‐block‐2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate] (PnBA‐b‐PNIPAM‐b‐PDMAEA) at the air/water interface. Atomic force microscopy was used to observe the morphologies of its Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films. At the interface, the terpolymer tends to form isolated circular micelles composed of hydrophobic PnBA cores and hydrophilic PNIPAM‐PDMAEA coronas. The limiting areas in the surface pressure–molecular area isotherms under acidic and alkaline conditions are larger than that under neutral conditions due to the larger interfacial stretching degrees of PNIPAM blocks, which results from the strong electrostatic repulsions of the fully protonated PDMAEA blocks underwater in the acidic case. In our minds, the hysteresis degrees of the compression−expansion cycles under different subphase pH conditions should mainly depend on the initial stretching degrees of the hydrophilic blocks. Under acidic conditions, the isotherms shift toward small areas with the increase of temperature due to the increased solubility of PNIPAM blocks. However, under alkaline conditions, the isotherms significantly exhibit the lower critical solution temperature behavior of PNIPAM blocks, which is a good example to build up the relationship between the interfacial and solution properties of block copolymers.
Iterative learning control for integrated system of robot and machine tool
Authors: Ta Thanh‐Quan , Chen Shyh‐Leh
Published: August 2022

This study is concerned with the integrated system of a robot and a machine tool. The major task of robot is loading the workpiece to the machine tool for contour cutting. An iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy of the finished product. The proposed ILC is to modify the input command of the next machining cycle for both robot and machine tool to iteratively enhance the output accuracy of the robot and machine tool. The modified command is computed based on the current tracking/contour error. For the ILC of the robot, tracking error is considered as the control objective to reduce the tracking error of motion path, in particular, the error at the endpoint. Meanwhile, for the ILC of the machine tool, contour error is considered as the control objective to improve the contouring accuracy, which determines the quality of machining. In view of the complicated contour error model, the equivalent contour error instead of the actual contour error is taken as the control objective in this study. One challenge for the integrated system is that there exists an initial state error for the machine tool dynamics, violating the basic assumption of ILC. It will be shown in this study that the effects of initial state error can be significantly reduced by the ILC of the robot. The proposed ILC algorithm is verified experimentally on an integrated system of commercial robot and machine tool. The experimental results show that the proposed ILC can achieve more than 90% of reduction on both the RMS tracking error of the robot and the RMS contour error of the machine tool within six learning iterations. The results clearly validate the effectiveness of the proposed ILC for the integrated system.
Improvement of steady‐state performance for discrete‐valued input control with an integrator utilizing feedback control of integrated value of input
Authors: Tanemura Masaya , Chida Yuichi , Terada Shohei , Iida Tomoharu
Published: August 2022

In this study, we considered the regulator problem for discrete‐valued input control with an integrator. In some cases, the state does not converge to the origin in the discrete‐valued input control when the plant possesses an integrator. Therefore, a method that adds minor feedback control to the integrated value of the input was proposed. However, the effect of the feedback control of the integrated value of the input was not theoretically interpreted, and the feedback gain for the state of the integrated value of the input was designed with trial and error. Herein, we clarify the effect of feedback control on the integrated value of the input. Furthermore, we reveal that the trade‐off between the steady‐state and transient performances is controlled by one parameter, that is, the feedback gain for the integrated value of the input.
Hybrid Electrolytes Enabling in‐situ Interphase Protection and Suppressed Electrode Dissolution for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Tingting , Du Xiaofan , Wang Jinzhi , Yang Yuanyuan , Qiu Huayu , Lu Guoli , Li Hongliang , Chen Zheng , Zhao Jingwen , Cui Guanglei
Published: August 2022

Aqueous sodium‐ion batteries are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage due to their high safety and low cost. However, the constant dissolution of vanadium‐based electrodes and protective solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) in aqueous electrolytes severely limits the cycle life. Herein, using adiponitrile as a functional co‐solvent, we designed a super‐concentrated aqueous sodium electrolyte (Na+/H2O=1, molar ratio) to confine almost all water molecules within the primary solvation shell of Na+ with decreased activity. Such a unique solvation structure not only expands the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte to 2.75 V, but also greatly alleviates the dissolution of vanadium‐based electrodes and NaF‐rich SEI. The assembled Na3V2(PO4)3/NaTi2(PO4)3 battery delivers an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.6 % with 71 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 C. In addition, the freezing point of the electrolyte could be reduced −79 °C while retaining appreciable low‐temperature conductivity due to the disrupted hydrogen bond among water molecules.
Exploring the potential of machine learning for more efficient development and production of biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Puranik Amita , Dandekar Prajakta , Jain Ratnesh
Published: August 2022

Principles of Industry 4.0 direct us to predict how pharmaceutical operations and regulations may exist with automation, digitization, artificial intelligence (AI), and real time data acquisition. Machine learning (ML), a sub‐discipline of AI, involves the use of statistical tools to extract the desired information either through understanding the underlying patterns in the information or by development of mathematical relationships among the critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical quality attributes (CQAs) of biopharmaceuticals. ML is still in its infancy for directly supporting the quality‐by‐design based development and manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals. However, adoption of ML‐based models in place of conventional multi‐variate‐data‐analysis (MVDA) is increasing with the accumulation of large‐scale data. This has been majorly contributed by the real‐time monitoring of process variables and quality attributes of products through the implementation of process analytical technology in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. All aspects of healthcare, from drug design to product distribution, are complex and multidimensional. Thus, ML‐based approaches are being applied to achieve sophistication, accuracy, flexibility and agility in all these areas. This review discusses the potential of ML for addressing the complex issues in diverse areas of biopharmaceutical development, such as biopharmaceuticals design and assessment of early stage development, upstream and downstream process development, analysis, characterization and prediction of post‐translational modifications (PTMs), formulation, and stability studies. Moreover, the challenges in acquisition, cleaning and structuring the bioprocess data, which is one of the major hurdles in implementation of ML in biopharma industry, have also been discussed. Regulatory perspectives on implementation of AI/ML in the biopharma sector have also been briefly discussed. This article is a bird's eye view on the recent developments and applications of ML in overcoming the challenges for adopting “Industry – 4.0” in the biopharma industry.
Single access TAVR. How “minimalist” do we need to be?
Authors: Helmy Tarek , Mina George
Published: August 2022

Highlights

Vascular complications remain one of the main issues with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

The minimalist approach for TAVR is becoming more widely adopted.

There has to be a careful evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio for any procedural strategy.
Valve implantation for successful sealing of a balloon predilatation‐induced annular rupture during transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Liu Jian‐Di , Zhang Shi‐Yuan , Wu Yan‐Qing , Gong Ren
Published: August 2022

Annular rupture is a rare and dreaded complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and even rarer when caused by predilatation balloon aortic valvuloplasty. This complication often presents as sudden cardiac tamponade with hypotension and requires urgent intervention. The traditional rescue strategy for patients with annular rupture is emergency surgical repair. However, the mortality rate is still high, considering that most patients who undergo TAVR are not candidates for conventional cardiac surgery. Therefore, there is a need for additional emergency treatment strategies to decrease mortality. This report describes a case of predilatation‐induced annular rupture during TAVR that was successfully sealed at the rupture site by valve implantation. This case suggests that continuing with valve deployment may be a successful treatment for predilatation‐induced annular rupture during TAVR.
Gingival recessions caused by Herpes Simplex Virus in a patient with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Franceschi Debora , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Rubino Ida , Serni Lapo , Pini Prato Giovan Paolo
Published: August 2022

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV‐1) is a very common infection often localized in the mucocutaneous junction of the lip. Rarely, it could be detected also in periodontal tissues, associated with an elevated risk of periodontal disease progression and gingival recessions. Recently, HSV‐1 and numerous co‐infections have been reported in literature associated with the Coronavirus and subsequent COVID‐19 disease. This report illustrates a case of HSV‐1 in a patient with Covid‐19 infection, showing the presence of ulcers and vesicles on the gingival margin of maxillary teeth associated with soreness and pain. The histology highlighted the presence of intraepithelial cell ballooning, confirming the diagnosis of HSV‐1 infection.
Interruption of breast cancer care and importance of inter‐hospital cooperation during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A case report of advanced breast cancer in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Ozaki Akihiko , Kaneda Yudai , Senoo Yuki , Wada Masahiro , Kurokawa Tomohiro , Sawano Toyoaki , Tsubokura Masaharu , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Kanemoto Yoshiaki , Ejiri Tomozo , Shimmura Hiroaki , Kanzaki Norio
Published: August 2022

We experienced the case of a patient with advanced breast cancer who failed to receive comprehensive care despite regular video conferencing with her physician during the COVID‐19 pandemic, resulting in delayed detection of liver metastasis. Inter‐hospital collaboration is required to provide uninterrupted cancer care to those disproportionately affected by crises.
Neurodegenerative disorder and diffuse brain calcifications due to FARSB mutation in two siblings
Authors: Karimzadeh Parvaneh , Rezakhani Sepideh , Miryounesi Mohammad , Alijanpour Sahar
Published: August 2022

Pathogenic mutations in the FARSB gene are associated with neurodevelopmental disorder involving the brain, liver, and lungs. We report genetic analysis of a family including two affected members with this disorder, which revealed a homozygous pathogenic missense variant, FARSB: NM_005687.4:c.853G > A:p.E285K in both affected patients. The parents were heterozygous for this variant.
Targeted Enzymatic VLP‐Nanoreactors with β‐Glucocerebrosidase Activity as Potential Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Gaucher's Disease
Authors: Chauhan Kanchan , Olivares‐Medina Cindy N. , Villagrana‐Escareño Maria V. , Juárez‐Moreno Karla , Cadena‐Nava Rubén D. , Rodríguez‐Hernández Ana G. , Vazquez‐Duhalt Rafael
Published: August 2022

Gaucher disease is a genetic disorder and the most common lysosomal disease caused by the deficiency of enzyme β‐glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is successfully applied using mannose‐exposed conjugated glucocerebrosidase, the lower stability of the enzyme in blood demands periodic intravenous administration that adds to the high cost of treatment. In this work, the enzyme β‐glucocerebrosidase was encapsulated inside virus‐like nanoparticles (VLPs) from brome mosaic virus (BMV), and their surface was functionalized with mannose groups for targeting to macrophages. The VLP nanoreactors showed significant GCase catalytic activity. Moreover, the Michaelis–Menten constants for the free GCase enzyme (KM=0.29 mM) and the functionalized nanoreactors (KM=0.32 mM) were similar even after chemical modification. Importantly, the stability of enzymes under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C) was enhanced by ≈11‐fold after encapsulation; this is beneficial for obtaining a higher blood circulation half‐life, which may decrease the cost of therapy by reducing the requirement of multiple intravenous injections. Finally, the mannose receptor targeted enzymatic nanoreactors showed enhanced internalization into macrophage cells. Thus, the catalytic activity and cell targeting suggest the potential of these nanoreactors in ERT of Gaucher's disease.
A novel deep neural network based marine predator model for effective classification of big data from social Internet of Things
Authors: Shaji B. , Lal Raja Singh R. , Nisha K. L.
Published: August 2022

Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is considered as one of the most recently evolved topics that connects people and object, object and object as well as people and people. The SIoT and big data provide an exact representation of IoT and social system for human progression characterization. Numerous machine learning techniques are employed to classify the data gathered from SIoT in a more powerful way. In this article, a deep neural network based marine predator (DRNN‐MP) algorithm is proposed in classifying big data. Here, an adaptive Savitzky–Golay filter is employed for selecting the subset and to eliminate undesirable data, as well as different noises. The big data databases are reduced using a Hadoop map reducing framework thereby enhancing the performances of the proposed approach. In addition to this, a modified relief technique is employed to select optimal features thereby performing better classification. The testing and training process based on the proposed approach for optimal classification of features from the big data considers four different databases namely coronary illness, GPS trajectories, localization data, and water treatment plant obtained from UCI machine learning repository. In addition to this, the proposed approach is evaluated for diverse performance measures namely accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, throughput, and energy consumption. Finally, the proposed approach is compared for various metrics to illustrate the effectiveness of the system and the results demonstrated that the accuracy of our work is 98.25%.
Efficient privacy protection authentication protocol for vehicle network in5G
Authors: Zhang Guixian , Zhao Xiaoyu , Chen Menglu , Ma Shuyi
Published: August 2022

The traditional internet of vehicles (IoV) identity authentication system generally has the security risk that the center is not trusted. In the 5G IoV, a large number of deployed 5G base stations are integrated into it, which has further developed the technologies such as seamless handover, load balancing, and security authentication. The development of the IoV has largely alleviated the traffic pressure and improved the driving efficiency. However, there are many privacy security problems to be solved in 5G IoV. Therefore, with the characteristics of blockchain distribution, traceability, and non‐tampering, an efficient privacy protection authentication protocol based on blockchain is proposed. The method includes two parts: identity registration and authentication. Vehicles and other traffic participants obtain a public identity block through identity registration before accessing the IoV. In the subsequent authentication, the communication parties use this identity block for anonymous authentication. The analysis results based on the formal analysis software Scyther are safe. The security analysis shows that the scheme could meet the security requirements in the IoV. At the same time, the comparison with the existing schemes shows that this scheme has lower computation overhead and communication cost.
A holistic evaluation methodology for configuring production data centers
Authors: Wen Yingying , Zhang Yiming , Cheng Guanjie , Deng Shuiguang , Yin Jianwei
Published: August 2022

Performance evaluation is the basis for choosing appropriate system‐level configurations for large‐scale data centers. While the change of a system‐level configuration would impact lots of jobs in the data centers, traditional load‐testing benchmarks are not sufficient to support the decision‐making because they cannot accurately reproduce the complex behaviors of a large number of jobs. Therefore, we expect to further evaluate the system configuration based on the production environment. However, there are technical challenges, namely, the lack of a holistic evaluation method that can unite the evaluation results of various jobs, and the uninterruptable production environment that should not be affected by the evaluation procedure. To address these challenges, we propose a holistic performance evaluation methodology and design its implementation platform. We introduce a simple but powerful performance metric, ERU (effectiveness of resource usage), and combine the ERU of involved jobs into a summarized value to measure the effect of a configuration change. We validate our ERU metric by comparing it with the CPI (Cycle per Instruction) and QPS (query per second) metrics, deploy the platform to production data centers and demonstrate the effectiveness for measuring system‐level configurations of both software (JVM compiler update) and hardware (NUMA on/off) to save 14.44% and 11% resources respectively in advance.
Work involvement and work satisfaction of psychotherapists—A nationwide online survey among psychotherapeutic practitioners in Germany
Authors: Gossmann Katharina , Rosner Rita , Barke Antonia
Published: August 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore psychotherapist characteristics associated with work involvement and work satisfaction among psychotherapists in Germany.

Method

In total N = 1358 psychotherapeutic practitioners with different levels of training participated in our nationwide online survey, we assessed work involvement and its sub‐concepts of healing involvement (HI), stressful involvement (SI) and work satisfaction (WS) using the Therapist Work Involvement Scale (TWIS) and combined HI and SI into practice patterns.

Results

In our study, the levels of HI and WS were high, whereas SI was low. The percentage of effective practice patterns was higher than in previous studies, whereas challenging practice patterns were lower. HI, SI and WS were associated with gender and age, indicating that male and younger participants showed more SI but less HI and WS. Psychodynamic therapists reported more SI and WS. The number of weekly therapy sessions was related to HI, SI and WS. Furthermore, HI was positively related to WS and negatively to SI, while SI and WS were negatively correlated.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that therapist characteristics influenced their work involvement and work satisfaction. Therefore, therapist training and interventions should consider individualized approaches based on the relevant therapist characteristics to foster HI and WS while reducing SI. One could speculate whether the changes in psychotherapeutic training may have already contributed to improved practice patterns over the last decades.
Upcycling End of Life Solar Panels to Lithium‐Ion Batteries Via a Low Temperature Approach
Authors: Boon Tay Yeow , Sim Ying , Ang Koon Keong Jeremy , Iszaki Bin Patdillah Muhammad , Min Chua Huei , Tang Jun Jie Ernest , Srinivasan Madhavi , Mathews Nripan
Published: August 2022

The massive adoption of renewable energy especially photovoltaic (PVs) panels is expected to create a huge waste stream once they reach end‐of‐life (EoL). Despite having the highest embodied energy, present photovoltaic recycling neglects the high purity silicon found in the PV cell. Herein, a scalable and low energy process is developed to recover pristine silicon from EoL solar panel through a method which avoids energy‐intensive high temperature processes. The extracted silicon was upcycled to form lithium‐ion battery anodes with performances comparable to as‐purchased silicon. The anodes retained 87.5 % capacity after 200 cycles while maintaining high coulombic efficiency (>99 %) at 0.5 A g−1 charging rate. This simple and scalable process to upcycle EoL‐solar panels into high value silicon‐based anodes can narrow the gap towards a net‐zero waste economy.
Abundant Hydrogen Bonds Formed in a Urea‐Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte Improve Interfacial Stability in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Gong , Zhang Yong , Zhang Chi , Ye Weixin , Wang Jirong , Xue Zhigang
Published: August 2022

As an emerging and potential replacement system for liquid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes (PEs) exhibit unique capacity in suppressing metal dendrite formation and leakage risks. However, the most used polymer matrix, including polyether, polyester, and polysiloxane, still cannot meet the practical demands for metal electrode compatibility and long lifespan. In this study, gel polymer electrolytes consisting of a polyurea network with abundant hydrogen bonds and deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) are designed and prepared in‐situ. The hydrogen bonding between polyurea chains and polyurea‐DEE provides good interfacial stability between PEs and lithium metal. As a result, the assembled Li/LiFePO4 cells based on this electrolyte deliver a long cycle life with 90 % retention after 500 cycles and 76.5 % retention after 1000 cycles at 1 C. In addition, the flexible design characteristics of polyurea structure permit easy operation for performance optimization by modulating the composition of hard and soft segments, and enhanced ionic conductivity and self‐healing efficiency are obtained. This study provides a novel method for preparing advanced polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.
Exploring spatial nonstationarity for four mammal species reveals regional variation in environmental relationships
Authors: Pease Brent S. , Pacifici Krishna , Kays Roland
Published: August 2022

Broad‐scale ecological research on species distributions commonly presumes that the correlative relationships discovered are stationary over space. This is an assumption of most species distribution models (SDMs) that combine observations of species occurrence with environmental characteristics to understand current ecological correlates and to predict distributions based on those relationships. However, ecological relationships may vary spatially because of changes in the environment (i.e., resource availability) or the organism itself (i.e., local adaptation). Discovering this within‐species variation typically requires dense datasets over large geographic areas, which are now being provided by the recent proliferation of open‐access biodiversity occurrence records. Using nearly 4000 sampling locations from an open‐access, state‐wide camera‐trapping project, we explore the space‐varying effects of covariates on the distribution of four mammal species at two scales: region‐specific and fine resolution, with the latter estimated using spatially varying coefficients (SVC) models, to understand the scale of spatial variation in ecological relationships. Among the four species tested, the ecological relationships for two were best explained with the regional models, equivocal results for one species, while the SVC model had superior fit and predictive performance for the final species (white‐tailed deer,Odocoileus virginianus). Spatial nonstationarity was more common in relationships with landscape composition characteristics, such as housing density, than in landscape configuration metrics, such as patch richness density. One of the most appealing results of an SVC approach is not only the improved predictions across large landscapes but also understanding how animals are responding to the environment differently at the management unit level. For example, we found that deer's spatially varying relationship with forest cover was best explained by an interactive effect of deer management units (i.e., differences in deer populations) and predator pressure. These findings lead to a new hypothesis about how deer may be differentially using forested environments across space and could be a promising area of future research. Given sufficient data, accounting for nonstationarity in SDMs can show large‐scale ecological patterns while also detecting local level changes in animal ecology in areas small enough that management or protection can be readily implemented.
Viability study of clinical bacterial strains by capillary electrophoresis and flow cytometry approaches
Authors: Maślak Ewelina , Kupczyk Wojciech , Railean Viorica , Pomastowski Paweł , Jackowski Marek , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: August 2022

One of the challenges medicine faces is the constantly growing resistance of pathogens to various classes of antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to characterize and assess the physiological states of three clinical bacterial strains—methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), and Escherichia coli extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases (ESβL)—exposed to different antibiotics. All chosen bacteria are the leading causes of healthcare‐associated and hospital‐acquired invasive infections in adults. In the first part of the research, it was determined the optimal incubation time of the tested strains with antibiotics, represented as an optimal time of 24 h. In the second part, we have compared two approaches: flow cytometry (FC) as a standard method and CE as a proposed alternative approach. The viability of clinical strains treated with different class antibiotics calculated in CE measurements was strongly correlated (>0.83 for MSSA, >0.92 for ESβL and MRSA) with the viability obtained on the basis of FC measurements. As a result, CE has a chance to become a modern diagnostic method used in clinical practice. The CE cutoff was found to be 50%; above this value, the strain shows resistance to the action of the antibiotic.
Tin‐doped bismuth dendrites for highly efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by using bipolar membrane in ultrathin liquid reactor
Authors: Peng Luwei , Chen Changsheng , He Ruinan , Xu Nengneng , Qiao Jinli , Lin Zezhou , Zhu Ye , Huang Haitao
Published: August 2022

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction is a promising protocol to achieve a carbon‐neutral cycle. Herein, we report a general strategy to regulate the growth of Sn‐doped Bi dendritic electrode with numerous labyrinthine and porous channels to provide abundant tips, edges, terraces, and low coordination sites for efficient conversion of CO2 into formate. As a result, the dendritic Sn‐doped Bi achieves a high partial current density (30 mA/cm2), a high Faradic efficiency of formate (95.5%), and a long‐term durability (>60 h). Most remarkably, the self‐made bipolar membrane can effectually prohibit the cross‐over of formate from cathode to anode and the oxidization of small organic molecules in anode can promote the production of formate on both anode and cathode sides. This work provides helpful insights to the design of electrocatalysts, bipolar membrane, and ultrathin liquid reactor.

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Energy and economic analysis feasibility of CO2capture on a natural gas internal combustion engine
Authors: García‐Mariaca Alexander , Llera‐Sastresa Eva
Published: August 2022

CO2capture by amine scrubbing is a widely developed technology in its most advanced stage of evolution. However, it has never been used to capture CO2from mobile sources. The present study performs an energy and economic analysis of an amine scrubbing CO2capture storage (CCS) system, which takes for the amine regeneration process the waste heat from the exhaust gases of a turbocharged natural gas internal combustion engine (mobile source). The selected engine for the study is an M936G, widely used in freight and passenger transport. A primary and a tertiary amine were chosen for the simulations. In order to reduce volume and increase autonomy, captured CO2is stored as a liquid, therefore, a specific installation is planned. The system is hybridised with an organic rankine cycle (ORC) to reduce the energy penalty on the CCS system. Results show that a CCS system operating with Monoethanolamine (MEA) at 30 wt% achieved a maximum CO2capture rate of 66%, with a penalty over the power engine of only 10%. On the other hand, the economic analysis showed that the CCS system with MEA and without ORC is 31.8% cheaper than a hydrogen fuel cells bus and 26% cheaper than a battery‐electric bus. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the aspect ratio of the shallow enclosure and built‐in rectangular blockage on MHD double‐diffusive free convection subjugated to non‐uniform boundary conditions
Authors: Kumar Sudhanshu , Gangawane Krunal M.
Published: August 2022

In this study, the lattice Boltzmann method is used to explore the double‐diffusive natural convection within a shallow enclosure with a built‐in rectangular blockage at its geometric center. The enclosure is exposed to an external magnetic field. One of the enclosure walls is subjected to linearly/sinusoidal heating and concentration conditions. The rectangular blockage is at higher temperature and concentration conditions. Numerical experimentation is executed for a range of parameters such as Rayleigh number , Lewis number , buoyancy ratio , aspect ratio of the enclosure , aspect ratio of the built‐in blockage , and Hartmann number . The working fluid is assumed to be liquid metal (sodium–potassium alloy, ). The complex interaction of flow parameters with the nonuniform heating and concentration conditions has been explored. Higher heat and mass transfer (HMT) rates are noticed for the sinusoidal temperature and concentration profile compared to linear for a given . and showed enhancement by , and for sinusoidal temperature and concentration profile of the enclosure as compared to linear for . The increase in the blockage and the enclosure aspect ratio shows augmentation in the HMT rate. The consequences of the study are also summarized in terms of empirical correlations of the and numbers showing functional dependence on the considered range of parameters.
MHD flow pattern in a parabolic mode based on the angle of inclination under cross‐diffusion
Authors: Reddy Singamala Harinath , Umamaheswar Mummadisetty , Reddy Poli Chandra , Naidu Kolla Kumaraswamy , Babu Dondu Harish , Raju Malaraju Chengal , Reddy Eddula Keshava
Published: August 2022

A considerable effort has been made to draw out the flow properties of the magnetohydrodynamic fluid in parabolic movement with several parameters under cross‐diffusion. The novelty in the examination is the angle of inclination with a permeable vertical plate. The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of some parameters on the flow in two cases, namely, obtuse angle and acute angle. The solution of the flow‐governed equations is attained by the utilization of the finite divergence technique in explicit type. The nature of the fluid velocity is observed in the cases of acute angle and obtuse angle and described accordingly with the use of graphs and tables. The validation of the method is checked with the published outcomes and pointed out a fine agreement with it. One of the major findings is that for increasing values of porosity the velocity enhances in the case of an acute angle and falls in the case of an obtuse angle.
An explanatory model of parental sensitivity in the mother–father–infant triad
Authors: Olhaberry Marcia Paola , León María José , Coo Soledad , Barrientos Mauricio , Pérez J. Carola
Published: August 2022

Quality of early family interactions has been associated with child development, bonding, and mental health. Childhood adversity, stress, and depression impact parenting, affecting the quality of the interaction within the mother‐father‐child triad. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parents’ adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, and parental stress, on their sensitive response toward their tooddler and quality of traidic interactions. A correlational cross‐sectional method was used. The sample included 80 mother–father–child triads, of toddlers with social–emotional difficulties. Parents early adverse experiences, parental stress, and depressive symptoms were assessed through self‐report measures. Observational measures on parental sensitivity and triadic interaction were used. For mothers and fathers, adverse childhood experiences were associated with depressive symptoms in adulthood. Sensitivity toward their child and stress were positively associated among both parents. Symptoms of depression in mothers were associated with lower sensitivity toward their child, but in fathers, their sensitive response was influenced by the level of parental stress in the mother. In both parents, greater sensitivity in the dyadic interaction with the child was associated with a higher quality of the triadic interactions, in the triad as a whole, and in the regulation and involvement of the child.
Conceptualizing the next patient interaction: A clinical skillset using an emulation model in critical thinking
Authors: Johnsen David C. , Mahrous Ahmed , Syrbu John , Kallem Marisa L. , Comnick Carissa L.
Published: August 2022

Conceptualizing

The next patient interaction is logical, essential, and largely done intuitively.

Main purpose

To design and test a succinct learning guide for student guidance and student‐faculty interaction in conceptualizing the next patient interaction.

Methods

In 2021 and 2022, faculty scored questions from 1–5: Recognize deviation from the ideal? Articulate how and how much the situation deviated? Gage consequences of the situation? Assess own capabilities? To what extent does the student have a clear grasp of the procedural outcome? Faculty were also given open‐ended questions.

Results

Forty‐eight reports were completed, 25 D3 and 23 D4. Three hundred thirty‐five faculty entries were made in the questions calling for a 1–5 response out of a possible 336 responses. Statistically significant differences were noted. Students were better able to recognize the situation as different from ideal than to articulate how and how much the situation deviated. Students were better able to grasp how and how much this situation differs from the ideal than to assess own capabilities. D4 students were better able to recognize deviation from the ideal and to articulate how and how much the situation deviated than were D3 students. For open‐ended questions, more students were scored as “Prepared” than were scored as “Unsure” and “Missed” combined.

Conclusions

The exercise is seen as a succinct and constructive (nonjudgmental) path to guide the student's conceptualization of the next patient encounter before the encounter begins. Next steps will be incremental for wider use in a clinical teaching environment.
An insight into optical beam induced current microscopy: Concepts and applications
Authors: Zhuo Guan‐Yu , Banik Soumyabrata , Kao Fu‐Jen , Ahmed Gazi A. , Kakoty Nayan M. , Mazumder Nirmal , Gogoi Ankur
Published: August 2022

Laser scanning optical beam induced current (OBIC) microscopy has become a powerful and nondestructive alternative to other complicated methods like electron beam induced current (EBIC) microscopy, for high resolution defect analysis of electronic devices. OBIC is based on the generation of electron–hole pairs in the sample due to the raster scanning of a focused laser beam with energy equal or greater than the band gap energy and synchronized detection of resultant current profile with respect to the beam positions. OBIC is particularly suitable to localize defect sites caused by metal–semiconductor interdiffusion or electrostatic discharge (ESD). OBIC signals, thus, are capable of revealing the parameters/factors directly related to the reliability and efficiency of the electronic device under test (DUT). In this review, the basic principles of OBIC microscopy strategies and their notable applications in semiconductor device characterization are elucidated. An overview on the developments of OBIC microscopy is also presented. Specifically, the recent progresses on the following three OBIC measurement strategies have been reviewed, which include continuous laser based single photon OBIC, pulsed laser based single photon OBIC, and multiphoton OBIC microscopy for three‐dimensional mapping of photocurrent response of electronic devices at high spatiotemporal resolution. Challenges and future prospects of OBIC in characterizing complex electronic devices are also discussed.

Highlights

Characterization of electronic device quality is of paramount importance.

Optical beam induced current (OBIC) microscopy offers spatially resolved mapping of local electronic properties.

This review presents the principle and notable applications of OBIC microscopy.