bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humic Substances Potential Use
Authors: Oliveira Cleire Luciano
Published: September 2021

There are studies that demonstrate several benefits of humic substances in agriculture. Based on this, this mini review aimed to present the main effects of the use of humic substances on the soil and the plant. For this, bibliographical references were used with an approach to humic substances on a world scale. Overall, the review showed that the chemical, microbiological and physical properties of humic substances can ensure an increase in agricultural productivity as a result of the benefits it promotes for the physical and chemical structure of the soil, for root development and plant metabolism, generating benefits in increasing agricultural productivity.
The Role of Islamic Phylantropic Institutions in Distribution of ZIS During Ramadhan to the Community in Deme 2 Village North Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Harnia Siti
Published: September 2021

Philanthropy institutions are forums for the management of zakat, infaq, and alms to utilize zakat, infaq, and alms more maximum will be managed by the Government in this case Baznas which has a collection unit up to the village level. To have the option to increase the distribution of zakat, infaq and zakat, amil zakat organizations must gain the trust of the local area. An important component of a reliable institution is the responsibility it demonstrates. Based on this, this study intends to find out how the role of the Islamic Philanthropy Institute in the delivery of ZIS in the month of Ramadan by contextual analysis in Deme 2 Village, East Sumalata Region, North Gorontalo Regency. The research method used is field research . The researcher uses aapproach phenomenological including the latest literature from library materials and journals, data is collected through observation, documents and interviews, then the data is analyzed sequentially and interactionist which consists of three stages, namely: ) Data reduction, 2) Data presentation, 3) Conclusion drawing or verification. The results of the study reveal that the existence of this philanthropic institution is very beneficial for individuals in Deme 2 Village, East Sumalata Region, North Gorontalo Regency. Through various assistance provided by the institution, it is possible to build a strengthening of the nearest network. If the beneficiary have difficulty in meeting their daily needs, after receiving the assistance provided by the agency they have the option of meeting their daily needs during the month of Ramadan and especially during the holidays. Eid Al-Fitr. So that with the assistance provided by the Institute, it can empower the surrounding environment.
Empirical Study of Entrepreneurship in Tijarah Concept
Authors: Linge Abdiansyah , Ahmad Upi Sopiah
Published: September 2021

Economic activities including production, distribution and consumption are one of the ways humans meet their daily needs. Economic development is inseparable from the three economic activities, development is a multidimensional process that involves fundamental changes in social structures, social behavior and institutions. So, people can participate in the economy by creating full employment opportunities, everyone has the same abilities (equal productivity, equal access), and each behaves rationally (efficient). This study examines the Islamic economic view of the concept of entrepreneurship with an empirical literature approach, to explore the concept of entrepreneurship according to the tijarah concept contained in the Qur'an. In this study it can be understood that Islam views entrepreneurial activities as part of the work recommended in Islam to meet human economic needs. Entrepreneurial activity in Islamic view uses the equivalent of the word tijarah, there are provisions in Islam regarding the limitations that can be carried out in economic activity. Entrepreneurship that is driven by natural values ​​will become an economic activity that will be calculated before Allah, because Allah actually sees and takes into account what is done, including in economic activities
Connecting The Dots: Policy Innovations for Food Systems Transformation in Africa
Authors: Panel Malabo Montpellier
Published: September 2021

This report—Connecting the Dots: Policy Innovations for Food Systems Transformation in Africa—draws on the experience and at times visionary leadership of four African countries: Ghana, Malawi, Morocco, and Rwanda. It focuses on their policy and institutional innovations, which have moved the needle toward systems-level change and transformation.
Exploring the Relationship Between Managerial Cognitive Capabilities and Dynamic Managerial Capabilities
Authors: Souza Elnivan Moreira de , Forte Sergio Henrique Arruda Cavalcante
Published: September 2021

The micro-foundations research agenda's primary motivation in strategy is to dissect macro-level constructs in terms of actions and organizational members' interactions to the micro-level. This work seeks to evolve the understanding of these micro-foundations to explain the relationship between Managerial Cognitive Capabilities and Dynamic Managerial Capabilities. We conducted a laboratory experiment with a sample of 111 participants, divided into two groups, containing 57 and 54 participants, each one. The results revealed that Sensing Opportunity and Seizing Opportunity, components of the Dynamic Managerial Capability, and the Language and Communication, which are part of the Cognitive Managerial Capability, can be predictive of the ability to Reconfigure Tangible and Intangible Assets. Our research contributes by extending central literature on micro-foundations through an experiment. We empirically show that managerial and cognitive dynamic capabilities can be a preeminent field to improve the comprehension of dynamic capabilities' micro-foundations.
Conforming Polyethylene Inserts in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Beyond the Posterior-Stabilized and Cruciate-Retaining Debate
Authors: Heckmann Nathanael D. , Steck Thomas , Sporer Scott M. , Meneghini R. Michael
Published: September 2021

Total knee arthroplasty continues to be one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. However, considerable controversy exists regarding the optimal implant design. Total knee implants with both posterior-stabilized and cruciate-retaining designs have excellent long-term outcomes with inadequate data demonstrating superiority of either design. Recently, the popularity of total knee designs with more conforming polyethylene liners has increased. These polyethylene inserts prevent paradoxical anterior translation of the femur, without relying on a cam and post mechanism, and promote more physiologic native knee kinematics. This review summarizes the design rationale of several commercially available implants, discusses the kinematic data of several designs, and reviews the available clinical data.
Evaluación del Patrimonio Construido: Manual de Ensayos Preliminares
Authors: Charola A. Elena , Otero Jorge , DePriest Paula T. , Koestler Robert J.
Published: September 2021

Este manual describe simples ensayos para evaluar la
condición del patrimonio construído y de monumentos culturales. Los ensayos
fueron seleccionados por su sencillez y su disponibilidad generalizada,
especialmente en países donde pocas instituciones se encargan de la
conservación de edificios o monumentos, y donde hay pocos laboratorios capaces
de hacer los análisis necesarios. Muchos ensayos se puede realizar sin la
necesidad de un laboratorio de conservación completo. Estos incluyen
microscopía, ensayos con tiras reactivas, ensayos con cinta Scotch, absorción
con el tubo RILEM, transmisión de vapor de agua, y tres ensayos que se pueden
realizar en secuencia: coeficiente de absorción capilar de agua, inmersión
total, y curvas de evaporación. Algunos de estos ensayos ayudan en la
examinación de los materiales de construcción, en la caracterización de sales y
otros problemas de su condición, para determinar métodos y materiales
apropiados para su conservación y restauración.
Effect of Hallux Valgus Correction with Kinesiology Taping on Hindfoot Position. Pilot Study
Authors: Żłobiński Tobiasz , Stolecka-Warzecha Anna , Hartman-Petrycka Magdalena , Błońska-Fajfrowska Barbara
Published: September 2021

Background. Hallux valgus is the most common deformity of the forefoot. It has a multifactorial aetiology, with hindfoot valgus considered one of its causes. The aim of this study was to evaluate hindfoot position and loading pattern after a treatment of Kinesiology Taping (KT) for the mechanical correction of hallux valgus.
Material and methods. The study involved 25 feet with hallux valgus deformity and hindfoot valgus. The hallux valgus angle (HVA) and hindfoot angle were assessed with a 3D scanner. Hindfoot loading pattern was examined with a baropodometric platform while standing and during gait. Measurements were taken on the following three occasions: before and immediately after KT placement as well as after a month of taping.
Results. The KT treatment had a significant influence on the hindfoot angle (p<0.001) and HVA (p<0.001) measured while standing and on lateral heel loading in dynamic conditions during gait (p<0.01).
Conclusions. 1. KT decreased HVA and improved hindfoot position while standing in the pilot study participants. 2. KT exerted a corrective influence on the foot loading pattern in patients with hallux valgus and hindfoot pronation. 3. The foot position correction and normalisation of foot loading achieved in the pilot study provide a basis for further research on KT effectiveness in patients with hallux valgus and hindfoot pronation.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF KINETIC ENERGY PROJECTILE SABOT STRUCTURE INFLUENCING THE ARMOUR PENETRATION DEPTH.
PART II – ANALYSIS OF PROJECTILE DEVELOPING OPTIONS
Authors: BŁASZCZAK Tomasz , MAGIER Mariusz
Published: September 2021

Numerical calculations were used to investigate influence of sabot structures of kinetic energy projectiles into the armour penetration depth. Areas of sabot structure for possible optimization and the influence of various sabot materials on the projectile combat efficiency were indicated. The analysis was performed using the finite element method in the Solidworks Simulation environment. It allowed examination of dynamic loads the sabot is subjected to at the time of the shot. Impact of various sabot materials and projectile geometry modifications on the strength of penetrator - sabot connection was investigated. Distributions of dynamical loads for penetrator-sabot connections were simulated and visualised. Calculations on terminal ballistics were performed for some options of the structure. It allowed identification of
development trends for this type of ammunition.
COMPARATIVE TESTS OF CHOSEN SERVICE WEAPONS AND THEIR SIMULATORS. PART II – 7.62 MM UKM2000P MACHINEGUN
Authors: KOWALEWSKI Jerzy
Published: September 2021

The paper presents some results of comparative tests of service weapon and its simulator on the example of 7.62 mm UKM-2000P gun.
Optimum Location Analysis of Story Isolation System on High Rise Building
Authors: Reza Alif Muhammad , Setio Herlien D.
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Various studies have been carried out to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the story isolation system. The results obtained are also quite impressive, where the story isolation system gave a better story drift reduction than the base isolation system. However, these studies only focused on low-rise buildings, even though the story isolation system will be more engaging if it could also be compatible with high-rise buildings. In this study, a numerical analysis will be carried out on 30-, 40-, 50-, and 60-story buildings to evaluate the story isolator’s location, so that the system gives an optimum reduction of story drift and story shear. Then a general solution is sought to become a reference for buildings with different plans and heights.
Keywords: Story isolation system, story isolator optimum location, high-rise building.
Abstract
Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan dan efektivitas sistem isolasi tingkat. Hasil yang diperoleh juga cukup mengesankan, dimana sistem isolasi tingkat memberikan reduksi simpangan antar tingkat yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sistem isolasi dasar. Namun, studi tersebut hanya berfokus pada bangunan bertingkat rendah, padahal sistem isolasi lantai akan lebih menarik jika dapat juga digunakan pada bangunan bertingkat tinggi. Dalam studi ini, analisis numerik akan dilakukan pada bangunan berlantai 30, 40, 50, dan 60 untuk mengevaluasi lokasi isolator tingkat yang memberikan reduksi simpangan tingkat dan geser tingkat terbesar. Kemudian dicari solusi umum untuk menjadi acuan untuk bangunan dengan denah dan ketinggian yang berbeda.
Kata kunci: Sistem isolasi tingkat, lokasi optimum isolator tingkat, bangunan bertingkat tinggi.
Analisis Dampak Perubahan Standar Perancangan Struktur Gedung Tahan Gempa Terhadap Harga Satuan Bangunan Gedung Negara
Authors: Arisintani Deyza Achrizt , Suryanto Pribadi Khrisna
Published: September 2021

Saat ini Indonesia telah membuat Harga Satuan Bangunan Gedung Negara (HSBGN) berdasarkan perbedaan harga satuan dan upah pekerja di berbagai kota di Indonesia. Namun, HSBGN ini belum memperhatikan kebutuhan struktur tahan gempa yang disesuaikan dengan lokasi bangunan dan standar perancangan struktur tahan gempa yang segera akan dirilis pembaharuannya. Maka dari itu, dari penelitian ini penulis membuat dan membandingan Model 1 (HSBGN 2018), Model 2 (HSBGN berdasarkan standar perancangan struktur yang berlaku saat ini), dan Model 3 (HSBGN berdasarkan pembaharuan standar perancangan struktur yang akan segera diluncurkan). Pada Model 2 dan Model 3 dikelompokan menjadi tiga daerah yaitu Daerah A (daerah dengan beban gempa tinggi), Daerah B (daerah dengan beban gempa sedang), dan Daerah C (daerah dengan beban gempa rendah). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai HSBGN pada Model 2 dan Model 3 pada setiap daerah lebih tinggi dari Model 1 (HSBGN 2018) yang menunjukkan pembuatan Model 1 belum memperhitungkan pembebanan gempa dengan baik. Perbedaan nilai dari Daerah A, Daerah B, dan Daerah C juga menunjukkan kebutuhan struktur yang berbeda-beda di Indonesia sehingga tidak bisa disamaratakan volume pekerjaannya, terutama pada pekerjaan penulangan. Nilai pada Model 3 menunjukkan peningkatan dari Model 2 maka perubahan standar perancangan struktur membuat biaya meningkat dari standar sebelumnya
Analisis Kavitasi pada Saluran Transisi dan Peluncur Pelimpah Bendungan Kluet – Model Fisik Skala 1:60
Authors: Faudli Imam , Azmeri Azmeri , Refika Cut Dwi
Published: September 2021

River Region of  Baru-Kluet has a steep slope contour and high rainfall so that it is vulnerable to flooding while during the dry season rice fields experience drought due to lack of water. Therefore, a dam is built to mitigate these issues. The spillway is a flow-control component in the dam which is used to improve regulation and enlarge the flow rate that will cross the spillway building. Spillway that has a steep slope is vulnerable to hydraulic behavior called cavitation. The experiment was carried out at the River and Coast Laboratory of Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the value of the damage cavitation index interval in each series and discharge variation. Cavitation index analysis method used formula of ratio between local water pressure and flow velocity. Flow velocity and pressure at each outflow discharge was collected from the experiment. The results of the damage cavitation index interval in the 0 series and the modified series are located at level 1 for the transition region, level 3 for the launcher region and level 2 for the launcher region of modified series. It is found that the change in series 0 to a modified series with extending width in the side channel, lowering the elevation of side channel, and displacement sill in the transition channel with the aim of reducing the flow velocity. This change still has the possibility of cavitation damage, but it is much safer than the cavitation results of the 0 series. High quality of materials or concrete are not recommended because they are expensive and economically unfeasible, therefore the use of slot aeration/aerator is a suitable option for this case.
Keyword: Dam, spillway, cavitation, model test.
Avoidable Hospitalizations in Persons with Dementia: a Population-Wide Descriptive Study (2000–2015)
Authors: Godard-Sebillotte Claire , Strumpf Erin , Sourial Nadia , Rochette Louis , Pelletier Eric , Vedel Isabelle
Published: September 2021

Background

Whether avoidable hospitalizations in community-dwelling persons with dementia have decreased during primary care reforms is unknown.

Methods

We described the prevalence and trends in avoidable hos­pitalizations in population-based repeated yearly cohorts of 192,144 community-dwelling persons with incident dementia (Quebec, 2000–2015) in the context of a province-wide pri­mary care reform, using the provincial health administrative database.

Results

Trends in both types of Ambulatory Care Sensitive Condition (ACSC) hospitalization (general and older population) and 30-day readmission rates remained constant with average rates per 100 person-years: 20.5 (19.9–21.1), 31.7 (31.0–32.4), 20.6 (20.1–21.2), respectively. Rates of delayed hospital discharge (i.e., alternate level of care (ALC) hospitalizations) decreased from 23.8 (21.1–26.9) to 17.9 (16.1–20.1) (relative change -24.6%).

Conclusions

These figures shed light on the importance of the phenomenon, its lack of improvement for most outcomes over the years, and the need to develop evidence-based policies to prevent avoidable hospitalizations in this vulnerable population.
Unmet Needs for Geriatric Medicine and Care of the Elderly Physicians Work Force in Canada
Authors: Madden Kenneth , Maher Deviani , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Lam Robert E.
Published: September 2021

Although the current low workforce availability of care of the elderly (COE) physicians, geriatric medicine specialists, and geriatric psychiatrists is undeniable, the ongoing demographic shift means this situation will only worsen. This evolving crisis is outlined clearly in the article “Updated Inventory and Projected Requirements for Specialist Physicians in Geriatrics” by Basu et al. found in this issue of the Canadian Geriatrics Journal.
Ulpian’s Influence on Aquinas’s Natural Law
Authors: Guevin Benedict M. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2021

Ulpian was an influential name in the history of Roman law and beyond. His definition of Natural Law, while a source of some controversy in the thirteenth century, greatly influenced St. Thomas Aquinas’s own definition. This paper explores that influence, its origins, and its implications in Aquinas’s most famous writings.
Justifying the Self-Evident
Authors: Stange Mike ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In Fichte’s early views of the basic laws of traditional formal logic, primarily the law of identity, there is a tension that has gone surprisingly unexplored: While Fichte holds the statements of these laws to be self-evidently true and absolutely certain, he nevertheless claims that they remain to be justified by his “Science of Knowledge.” The aim of this article is to make sense of this tension and to explore how it translates into the dialectical structure and methodology of Fichte’s first Jena Wissenschaftslehre. This is done by, first, conjecturing—in a somewhat ahistorical, yet Fichte-based, fashion—a reason for Fichte’s justificatory demand. It is argued that the validity of the law of identity can be questioned because our belief in its absolute generality appears to be self-refuting in that it involves an antinomy akin to Grelling’s semantic antinomy of the heterological. This antinomy, when, secondly, related to Fichte’s purported justification of the law of identity, serves as a key to understanding why there is an antinomic conflict between Fichte’s supreme principle—namely, the self-positing pure I—and its adversary, the not-I, in the first place. Tracing their contradiction (whose synthetic resolution is the main goal of Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre) back to that semantic antinomy inherent in our formal-logical certainties opens up a new way of seeing Fichte as radicalizing Kant’s critical philosophy, understood as the project of the self-preservation of reason against reason’s own antinomies.
La esperanza en los salmos graduales, según el comentario de san Agustín (I)
Authors: Malgeri Graziano Maria ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: September 2021

The article offers a study of the Ascensional Psalms 119 to 125. First of all, the article presents the Latin Text used by Augustine, making a reconstruction of the Psalm’s Text, based on what Augustine comments in his explanation of the Psalms. After that, the Psalms are studied in a Biblical Context, to present afterwards the interpretation that Augustine makes of the Psalms, highlighting the Topic of Hope according to Augustine’s interpretation.
Mirrors, Windows, and Sliding Glass Doors: Exploring the 2020 Rainbow Book List
Authors: Suzuki Tadayuki , Diuguid Darryn , Ward Barbara A.
Published: September 2021

Being familiar with the Rainbow Book List is one easy way for librarians to support the LGBTQ+ community and address the American Library Association’s (ALA) Response to Service for LGBTQ+ People.As stated on their website: “Libraries can serve lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LBGTQ) people by ensuring that this population is reflected in library collections and provided with services at the library. It further states, “As a population which is often the subject of discrimination and harassment, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people can benefit from the access to information which libraries provide and the sense of community which library programs can help foster. It is important to note that the LGBTQ population is diverse, spanning age groups, ethnic and racial groups, socio-economic groups, and personal identities.”
School Age Programs and Services Committee: The Plusses of the Pandemic
Authors: Prato Stephanie C. , Zervos Cynthia
Published: September 2021

It’s a vast understatement to say that the pandemic has changed numerous things for many people. As more people are getting vaccinated and looking forward to the “new normal,” what will library programs for the school-aged look like? What changes were made to library programs and services during the pandemic, and were these changes temporary, or have they permanently impacted the way we do things?These are some of the questions we addressed to ALSC membership in an April 2021 survey; while response was light, here is a summary of what we learned.
Modelling in economic evaluations of medicines
Authors: Lakić Dragana , Stević Ivana , Odalović Marina , Tadić Ivana
Published: September 2021

Economic evaluation in health (also known as pharmacoeconomic in case of medicines) identifies, measures, and values costs and outcomes of alternative healthcare technologies, and can be performed alongside controlled clinical trials, but analytical modelling is usually used. Decision trees and Markov models are the two most common approaches used in economic evaluation. The biggest advantages of a decision tree are clarity, simplicity, and straightforwardness. On the other hand, the main advantage of the Markov model is its ability to incorporate complex events into the simulation, which is practically impossible to do with a decision tree. Reimbursement policy in Serbia mandatorily incorporates economic evaluations to promote availability and accessibility of the prescription medicines. To show current pharmacoeconomic value of a medicine, budget impact analysis and the cost-effectiveness analysis should be included. The latter should be conducted using appropriate modelling techniques. However, since no official methodological guidelines about the modelling and economic analysis exist, the submissions by marketing authorization holders vary greatly. The future of pharmacoeconomic modelling depends on the research area of interest, with new frameworks and approaches being developed.
The emerging role of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling in formulation development
Authors: Cvijić Sandra , Ignjatović Jelisaveta , Parojčić Jelena , Ibrić Svetlana
Published: September 2021

Computer-based (in silico) modeling & simulation tools have been embraced in different fields of pharmaceutics for a variety of applications. Among these, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/biopharmaceutics modeling (PBPK/PBBM) emerged as a particularly useful tool in formulation development. PBPK/PBBM facilitated strategies have been increasingly evaluated over the past few years, as demonstrated by several reports from the pharmaceutical industry, and a number of research and review papers on this subject. Also, the leading regulatory authorities have recently issued guidance on the use of PBPK modeling in formulation design. In silico PBPK models can comprise different dosing routes (oral, intraoral, parenteral, inhalation, ocular, dermal etc.), although the majority of published examples refer to modeling of oral drugs performance. In order to facilitate the use of PBPK modeling tools, a couple of companies have launched commercially available software such as GastroPlus™, Simcyp™ PBPK Simulator and PK-Sim®. This paper highlights various application fields of PBPK/PBBM modeling, along with the basic principles, advantages and limitations of this approach, and provides relevant examples to demonstrate the practical utility of modeling & simulation tools in different stages of formulation development.
Experimental design in HPLC separation of pharmaceuticals
Authors: Stojanović Jevrem , Krmar Jovana , Protić Ana , Svrkota Bojana , Đajić Nevena , Otašević Biljana
Published: September 2021

Design of Experiments (DoE) is an indispensable tool in contemporary drug analysis as it simultaneously balances a number of chromatographic parameters to ensure optimal separation in High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This manuscript briefly outlines the theoretical background of the DOE and provides step-by-step instruction for its implementation in HPLC pharmaceutical practice. It particularly discusses the classification of various design types and their possibilities to rationalize the different stages of HPLC method development workflow, such as the selection of the most influential factors, factors optimization and assessment of the method robustness. Additionally, the application of the DOE-based Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) concept in the LC method development has been summarized. Recent achievements in the use of DOE in the development of stability-indicating LC and hyphenated LC-MS methods have also been briefly reported. Performing of Quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) study enhanced with DOE-based data collection was recomended as a future perspective in description of retention in HPLC system.
Review of machine learning algorithms' application in pharmaceutical technology
Authors: Đuriš Jelena , Kurćubić Ivana , Ibrić Svetlana
Published: September 2021

Machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence in general, have a wide range of applications in the field of pharmaceutical technology. Starting from the formulation development, through a great potential for integration within the Quality by design framework, these data science tools provide a better understanding of the pharmaceutical formulations and respective processing. Machine learning algorithms can be especially helpful with the analysis of the large volume of data generated by the Process analytical technologies. This paper provides a brief explanation of the artificial neural networks, as one of the most frequently used machine learning algorithms. The process of the network training and testing is described and accompanied with illustrative examples of machine learning tools applied in the context of pharmaceutical formulation development and related technologies, as well as an overview of the future trends. Recently published studies on more sophisticated methods, such as deep neural networks and light gradient boosting machine algorithm, have been described. The interested reader is also referred to several official documents (guidelines) that pave the way for a more structured representation of the machine learning models in their prospective submissions to the regulatory bodies.
'In silico' toxicology methods in drug safety assessment
Authors: Đukić-Ćosić Danijela , Baralić Katarina , Jorgovanović Dragica , Živančević Katarina , Javorac Dragana , Stojilković Nikola , Radović Biljana , Marić Đurđica , Ćurčić Marijana , Buha-Đorđević Aleksandra , Bulat Zorica , Antonijević-Miljaković Evica , Antonijević Biljana
Published: September 2021

While experimental animal investigation has historically been the most conventional approach conducted to assess drug safety and is currently considered the main method for determining drug toxicity, these studies are constricted by cost, time, and ethical approvals. Over the last 20 years, there have been significant advances in computational sciences and computer data processing, while knowledge of alternative techniques and their application has developed into a valuable skill in toxicology. Thus, the application of in silico methods in drug safety assessment is constantly increasing. They are very complex and are grounded on accumulated knowledge from toxicology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, statistics, mathematics, as well as molecular biology. This review will summarize current state-of-the-art scientific data on the use of in silico methods in toxicity testing, taking into account their shortcomings, and highlighting the strategies that should deliver consistent results, while covering the applications of in silico methods in preclinical trials and drug impurities toxicity testing.
European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2021: Adult advanced life support changes related to the guidelines 2015
Authors: Nikolovski Srđan , Čizmović Lovćenka
Published: September 2021

Adult advanced life support guidelines 2021 provided by the European Resuscitation Council in its largest extent do not differ significantly from equivalent guidelines published six years ago. However, some important points were further emphasized, and some protocols show new additions and structural changes. According to the new guidelines, there is a greater recognition that patients with both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have premonitory signs, and that many of these arrests may be preventable. High-quality chest compressions with minimal interruption, early defibrillation, and treatment of reversible causes remained high priority steps in resuscitation process. New guidelines also recommend that, if an advanced airway is required, rescuers with a high tracheal intubation success rate should use this technique. With regard to using diagnostic procedures, medications, and special methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, newest guidelines also made new suggestions. According to these guidelines, when adrenaline is used, it should be used as soon as possible when the cardiac arrest rhythm is non-shockable, and after three defibrillation attempts for a shockable cardiac arrest rhythm. The guidelines recognise the increasing role of point-of-care ultrasound in peri-arrest care for diagnosis, but emphasis that it requires a skilled operator, and the need to minimise interruptions during chest compression. Additionally, 2015 guidelines suggested use of point-of-care ultrasound in diagnosing several various conditions with potential of causing cardiac arrest. However, 2021 guidelines limited indications in diagnosing only cardiac causes, such as tamponade or pneumothorax. The guidelines also reflect the increasing evidence for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation as a rescue therapy for selected patients with cardiac arrest when conventional advanced life support measures are failing or to facilitate specific interventions. Additionally, newest guidelines made significant changes in the order of steps used in the In/hospital resuscitation algorithm, as well as changes in several very important steps of treating tachycardias and high heart rate associated arrhythmias.
Chest pain and prehospital delay
Authors: Stevanović Marija , Živanović Slavoljub
Published: September 2021

Aim was to show the duration of chest pain in patients with Angina pectoris (AP) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) prior to reporting to the ambulance as well as the patients' self management of the pain. Materials and methods. The study was done between 1st August 2014th and 1st October 2018th in the infirmary of EMS in Belgrade. The study involved 161 patients, out of 9437 patients in total, who were treated by one doctor and with confirmed or suspected diagnosis of an ACS or AP. Results. Patients with AP most commonly waited between 2-24 hours, while the patients with ACS waited <1h from the pain onset until contacting EMS. Most patients with MI (17) as well as with AP (79) did not take any kind of therapy, while some patients administered one or more drugs in order to relieve the pain. In patients with AP, the drugs of choice were antihypertensive medications (17.42%) and in MI patients Nitroglycerin and analgesics (31.03%). All patients previously diagnosed with MI and AP have self-administered Nitroglycerin in 12.42% of cases. Conclusion. Patients with AP wait longer when having chest pain before calling EMS from patients with ACS, but their self-administered drugs of choice were antihypertensive medications. Nitroglycerine as the first appropriate drug of choice is used less and in most cases patients even do not have it readily available.
Leaching of polymetallic Cu-Zn-Pb concentrate with sodium nitrate in sulphuric acid
Authors: Sokić Miroslav , Marković Branislav , Milojkov Dušan , Patarić Aleksandra , Bugarčić Mladen , Jovanović Gvozden , Pantović-Spajić Katarina
Published: September 2021

The results of polymetallic sulphide Cu-Zn-Pb concentrate leaching with sulphuric acid in the presence of sodium nitrate as an oxidizing agent, at atmospheric pressure, are presented and discussed. Chemical composition and phase ratio of the starting concentrate and solid residuals after the leaching process are shown. Chemical reactions of leaching and their thermodynamic probabilities are predicted based on the calculated Gibbs energies and analysis of E-pH diagrams. The influence of temperature and time on the leaching degree of the concentrate's components is experimentally determined. It is shown that it is possible to obtain copper, zinc and iron in a solute form, while lead in the anglesite (PbSO4) form remains in the solid residual after the leaching process. The iron is being oxidized to Fe(III)-sulphate, which takes part in a sulphide leached minerals and turns into Fe(II)-sulphate.
An overview of methods for eliminating the effects of interference in an active high-voltage power facility
Authors: Kostić Vojin
Published: September 2021

In this paper, practical and conceptual problems related to the way of suppressing or eliminating the influence of interference (at a frequency of 50 Hz) in an active high-voltage power facility are discussed. The problem is relevant in the context of measuring the safety characteristics of the grounding system: grounding system impedance, touch voltage and step voltage. The paper gives an evolutionary overview of title methods. The review focuses on the characteristic problems and shortcomings of individual methods. Also, the basic characteristics of the author's FSM (Frequency Shift Method) method, which guarantees precise control of interference, are elaborated. In this sense, the FSM method is the basis for accurate and economical measurement of the safety characteristics of the grounding system.
Modelling of runway excursions using Fault Tree Analysis
Authors: Sekulić Jovana , Netjasov Feđa
Published: September 2021

Runway excursion (RE) is recognized as one of the main Airport Safety Issues. It can be defined as an event in which an aircraft veers-off or overruns the runway surface during either takeoff or landing. In this paper an application of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method on RE events is presented. FTA belongs to quantitative class of causal methods. It estimates the risk of incident or accident according to estimation of probability of occurrence of each cause of an event. It might be restricted to pure statistical analysis based on the available data or combine these data with expert judgment on the accident causes. The aim of this paper is to identify potential causal factors. In order to illustrate FTA application on RE, two models were developed: one for landing and other for take-off. Application of FTA has shown what are the most critical causal factors whose knowledge allows developing certain measures to reduce the risk of RE.
Differences between typical logistics systems and other city logistics generators
Authors: Tadić Snežana , Veljović Miloš
Published: September 2021

Logistics flows in urban areas are generated by systems engaged in various business. Flows generators can be divided into typical logistics systems (logistics, distribution centers, freight terminals, logistics systems of companies, etc.), for which logistics is the core business, and other generators of city logistics (trade, hospitality, craft, service facilities etc.). These two categories of generators differ in terms of flow volume, location, infrastructure, surrounding conditions, form of goods, logistics units and consolidation system, logistics demands, goods handling, etc. In this paper, the basic differences between typical logistics systems and other generators of city logistics are analyzed, thus achieving the basic goal and contribution of paper.
Analysis of the relationship between corporate identity, image and reputation of the company
Authors: Vuković Milovan , Vuković Aleksandra , Mladenović-Ranisavljević Ivana , Urošević Snežana
Published: September 2021

For a long time, corporate identity, corporate image and corporate reputation have been studied from a number of academic perspectives, due to their intangibility and their significant role in gaining an organization's competitive advantages. Recent business circumstances (for example, the economic downturn due to the Covid-19 pandemy) bring new challenges for companies and their long-term survival. The aim of this paper is to review the constructs of corporate identity, corporate image and corporate reputation, and, thus, to remove or reduce the misunderstanding of the three constructs in the relevant literature. After a thorough theoretical review, some influential conceptual models were examined, pointing out the role of communication in the whole process of corporate marketing.
Industry 4.0 and their application in medicine and dentistry, as well as the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Majstorović Nemanja , Majstorović Vidosav , Mitrović Radivoje , Mišković Žarko
Published: September 2021

Basics: Industry 4.0 is a realized reality, which already today has a growing application in medicine and dentistry. So, at this moment, its application is especially important in the fight against covid-19. Aim of the paper: The purpose of this review paper is to understand the role of Industry 4.0 in the field of medicine and dentistry and to identify research directions, including future applications, especially for covid-19. Material and method: A detailed analysis of papers on Industry 4.0 in medicine, dentistry and related fields was performed and possible applications and directions of research were identified, especially for covid-19.Result: Through this review study, we identified different technologies, opportunities and research status of Industry 4.0 in the field of medicine, dentistry and covid-19 pandemic, through 19 areas of application. We can say that Industry 4.0 will become an essential part of tomorrow's smart factory of medical and dental devices. Conclusion: Industry 4.0 shows a wide range of possibilities for the production of newly adapted implants (medical and dental) and innovative tools and instruments for the field of medicine and dentistry. This model enables the creation of a digital clinic and digital office, with a complete system of medical and dental monitoring, which meets the individual requirements of the patient, thus creating the industry of medicine and dentistry with optimization of treatment time and costs. In the future, Industry 4.0 will create new capabilities and innovative protocols for the treatment and care of patients, both in medicine and dentistry.
Education about standardization as the foundation for the expertise development of SMEs
Authors: Tošić Biljana , Mijatović Ivana
Published: September 2021

Considering that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are seen as the backbone of the global economy and the ones that (against all odds) stand to gain the most from using and developing standards, the study aims at exploring does expertise in standardization exist in SMEs. To collect data, the semi-structured interview via e-mail was used, as it seems to be much more comprehensive than the questionnaire. To analyze data, the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) and the qualitative content analysis method were used as the most suitable methods for analyzing data from subject matter experts. The data collected from a total of 28 experts from 14 countries was analyzed. Finally, five conclusions were determined - (1) expertise resides in all SMEs, (2) ... but not the expertise in standardization, (3) ... so external experts might be needed to support them, (4) education about standardization is crucial for the development of expertise in standardization, (5) ... but only as a support for lifelong learning.
Linear smoke detectors in fire protection
Authors: Jevtić Radoje
Published: September 2021

Smoke detectors generally present the most frequently used fire detectors. These detectors have great appliance because smoke presents the consequence of many fires. These detectors can be realized as point smoke detectors and linear smoke detectors, while special smoke detectors are used for special purposes. Their efficiency is the biggest in the cases where fuel material produces smaller or larger amounts of smoke. The use of smoke detectors in the form of linear smoke detectors is particularly significant in rooms with huge dimensions and huge ceiling height. This paper was written to present work principle of linear smoke detectors and their installation in objects related to valid standards (EN 54, BS, NPB 88-2001, VDE 088-2 and NFPA 72).
Candesartan: A pharmaceutical product as effective corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in acidic solution
Authors: Fouda Abdel , Idress Asmaa , Atia Mohamed , Yassen Mohamed
Published: September 2021

The corrosion performance of aluminum in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution in the existence and absence of Candesartan drug was examined utilizing, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and AC impedance (EIS) tests. It was found that the inhibition efficacy (%IE) of Candesartan drug was influenced by its doses and temperature and reached to 92.9% at 40x10-6 M, 30oC. The adsorption isotherm agreed with Langmuir model. From Tafel data the investigated Candesartan drug acts as mixed kind inhibitor. The influence of temperature on the rate of dissolution and the thermodynamic parameters in the existence and absence of Candesartan drug were also, studied and explained. All tests gave similar results.
Influence of digene tablet juice orally taken in on the corrosion resistance of orthodontic wire made of SS 18/8 in presence of artificial saliva
Authors: Priya Chandrasekaran , Regis Antony , Rajendran Susai
Published: September 2021

Dentists make use of orthodontic wires such as SS 18/8, SS 316, Ni-Cr etc., to regulate the growth of teeth. In the saliva environment these wires undergo corrosion. Aside from this, they undergo corrosion by the food items, juices and Tablets orally in taken. Corrosion resistance of SS 18/8 alloy in artificial saliva (AS) , in the absence and presence of Digene Tablet juice, has been investigated by polarization and AC impendance techniques. It is inferred that corrosion resistance of SS 18/8 alloy in artificial saliva decreases in presence of Digene Tablet. This is exposed by decrease in Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) value, Charge transfer resistance (Rt) value, in impedance value, and increase in corrosion current and double layer capacitance value(Cdl). In presence of Digene Tablet, the LPR value decreases from 3488228 to 1629535 Ohmcm2. The corrosion current value increases from 1.447 x10-8 to 2.637x10-8A/cm2 . The Charge transfer resistance (Rt) value decreases from 37796 to 10481Ohmcm2 . The double layer capacitance value increases from 1.349x10-10 F/cm2 to 4.866x10-10F/cm2. The impedance value decreases from 4.857 to 4.428. Hence it implies that people with orthodontic wire made of SS 18/8 alloy should avoid taking Digene Tablet juice orally.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS along the Niš-North Macedonia highway
Authors: Tešić Dajana
Published: September 2021

Landslide events are a serious challenge worldwide, as well as in the Republic of Serbia. According to current estimates, 25-30% of the territory of Serbia is endangered by landslides. Due to intensive landslides, residential, infrastructural, energy, water management and industrial facilities, as well as natural and cultural goods are endangered. The subject of this paper is the use of GIS for the production of a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) in the area of the corridor of the highway E-75, section Niš - border of the Republic of Northern Macedonia. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of certain factors that influence the landslide events, as well as on the modifiers of the process itself. In this paper the following factors were selected for the assessment and susceptibility mapping: lithology, pedological factors, precipitation, aspect, slope, distance from watercourses, land use and distance from roads. The AHP method was then used to determine the relative significance and priority of predisposing factors. The layers were overlapped using ArcGISPro software. The results show that 17.2% of the surface is not susceptible (very low and low susceptibility), and 31.9% of the surface is prone to landslide events (high and very high susceptibility). The remaining 49.1% of the area belongs to the area of moderate susceptibility. Adding to this dense road network in the study area, as well as a large number of populated places, it can be concluded that the damage from the activation of the landslide would be significant. The results suggest that 60.7 km of the highway is in an area of high and greatest risk of landslides.
Variability and trends of precipitation on lowand high-altitude stations in Serbia
Authors: Leščešen Igor , Milošević Dragan , Stojsavljević Rastislav
Published: September 2021

For the trend analysis of the annual, seasonal and monthly precipitation linear regression and Mann-Kendall (MK) tests at the 5% significance level were applied. In this study, precipitation data from two stations in Serbia for the 1949-2019 period were used. Results indicate that increasing trends of precipitation for the selected station can be observed but these trends were not statistically significant according to MK test. Then again, MK test has shown that only on Palić station during autumn precipitations have statistically significant increase during the observed period with a p value of 0.0441 at the significant level p=0.005.