bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Traffic Flow Prediction with Deep Neural Network
Authors: Yang Jin
Published: June 2022

It is critical to realize accurate collecting, visualization, rule mining, and prediction analysis of the traffic flow operating state in order for the intelligent transportation system to achieve exact management and control of traffic flow. Traffic flow prediction is primarily concerned with traffic data on roadways, which has both temporal and spatial correlations. Aiming at the spatiotemporal characteristics, this paper studies two aspects and designs a traffic flow prediction model with a deep neural network. First, this work proposes a traffic flow spatial feature learning algorithm with the combination of graph convolutional neural network and attention mechanism. Distinct weights are assigned to the degree of mutual impact between different nodes, and node adaptive learning is implemented at the same time, which modifies the standard parameter sharing mode, allowing for improved expressive ability and spatial feature extraction. Secondly, a learning algorithm for temporal characteristics of traffic flow based on the temporal convolutional network is proposed, which ensures that the dimensions of input and output data are consistent through causal convolution. The dilated convolution can flexibly control the receptive field by setting the sampling interval and can also extract temporal features well for long-length spatiotemporal sequence data. Finally, a spatiotemporal graph attention-based traffic flow prediction approach is constructed. To learn features, learn parameters for multiple modes and improve the model effect, this model employs a combination of graph convolutional neural networks and an attention mechanism. It uses a temporal convolutional network to expand the receptive field, better capture temporal features, and finally add residual connections to prevent problems such as overfitting caused by too deep network layers.
The Streamlined Study of Convolutional Neural Network for Wheat Growth Process Monitoring
Authors: Zheng Guang , Liu Hebing , Li Xiangyu , Ma Xinming , Xi Lei
Published: June 2022

Monitoring the wheat growth process by machine vision with artificial feature extraction suffers from poor objectivity and low efficiency. To solve this problem, this paper introduces deep learning into monitoring the wheat growth process. The convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in image classification as a common algorithm in deep learning. The application of deep feature extraction networks could automatically recognize and extract image features. However, the large number of parameters and computational overhead brought by regular deep CNNs make it difficult to apply these models to embedded devices with limited storage space and computing power. Therefore, the knowledge distillation method has been proposed for the feature extraction network of the target detection network to improve the performance of shallow feature extraction networks and ensure recognition accuracy while reducing the computational burden and model size. This paper took ResNet50 and MobileNet as two different teacher networks to guide the student model MobileNet for training. The experimental results showed that when ResNet50 was used as teacher model, MobileNet had the best recognition effect. The average recognition accuracy of the student model MobileNet was 97.3%, and the model size was compressed to only 19.71 MB, which is 88.9% smaller than that of ResNet50. Knowledge distillation improves the accuracy of the obtained model and reduces the number of network model parameters. Furthermore, it reduces the model running time and the cost of model deployment greatly. The application of the knowledge distillation method could provide further technical support for intelligent wheat production in the field.
Microencapsulation of Ruellia tuberosa L. Aqueous Root Extracts Using Chitosan-Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Their In Vitro Biological Activities
Authors: Safitri Anna , Roosdiana Anna , Kurnianingsih Nia , Fatchiyah Fatchiyah , Mayasari Eldina , Rachmawati Rina
Published: June 2022

The current study aims to perform microencapsulation of R. tuberosa L. extracts using chitosan crosslinked to sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) as wall materials by spray drying and to analyze their in vitro biological activities. The influence of manufacturing conditions, like pH, chitosan concentration, and stirrer time, was assessed. Results showed that microcapsules prepared in pH 4 with a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) chitosan, and 90 min stirring time had 51.80% encapsulation efficiency and high in vitro biological activity. These were shown by high in vitro alpha amylase inhibition and antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 50.65 μg/mL and 123.97 μg/mL, respectively. Releases of the bioactive compounds in microcapsules of R. tuberosa L. were carried out on phosphate buffer medium pH 2.2 and pH 7.4 with times release of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The bioactive compounds were released in pH 2.2 in 120 min at 2.48%. At pH 7.4, the active ingredients were more easily released, by 79.90% in 120 min. The microcapsules’ morphology showed a rough surface with spherical forms and the average sizes were 53.41 μm. This study supports the essential role of microencapsulation in improving plant extracts with reserved biological activities.
Can Drug Repurposing Accelerate Precision Oncology?
Authors: Schipper Luuk J. , Zeverijn Laurien J. , Garnett Mathew J. , Voest Emile E.
Published: June 2022

Ongoing new insights in the field of cancer diagnostics, genomic profiling, and cancer behavior have raised the demand for novel, personalized cancer treatments. As the development of new cancer drugs is a challenging, costly, and time-consuming endeavor, drug repurposing is regarded as an attractive alternative to potentially accelerate this. In this review, we describe strategies for drug repurposing of anticancer agents, translation of preclinical findings in novel trial designs, and associated challenges. Furthermore, we provide suggestions to further utilize the potential of drug repurposing within precision oncology, with a focus on combinatorial approaches.

Significance:

Oncologic drug development is a timely and costly endeavor, with only few compounds progressing to meaningful therapy options. Although repurposing of existing agents for novel, oncologic indications provides an opportunity to accelerate this process, it is not without challenges.
Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake and Blood Pressure: A Dose‐Response Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ritonja Jennifer A. , Zhou Na , Chen Bingshu E. , Li Xinzhi
Published: June 2022

Background

Current evidence might support the use of omega‐3 fatty acids (preferably docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) for lowering blood pressure (BP), but the strength and shape of the dose‐response relationship remains unclear.

Methods and Results

This study included randomized controlled trials published before May 7, 2021, that involved participants aged ≥18 years, and examined an association between omega‐3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, or both) and BP. A random‐effects 1‐stage cubic spline regression model was used to predict the average dose‐response association between daily omega‐3 fatty acid intake and changes in BP. We also conducted stratified analyses to examine differences by prespecified subgroups. Seventy‐one trials were included, involving 4973 individuals with a combined docosahexaenoic acid+eicosapentaenoic acid dose of 2.8 g/d (interquartile range, 1.3 g/d to 3.6 g/d). A nonlinear association was found overall or in most subgroups, depicted as J‐shaped dose‐response curves. The optimal intake in both systolic BP and diastolic BP reductions (mm Hg) were obtained by moderate doses between 2 g/d (systolic BP, −2.61 [95% CI, −3.57 to −1.65]; diastolic BP, −1.64 [95% CI, −2.29 to −0.99]) and 3 g/d (systolic BP, −2.61 [95% CI, −3.52 to −1.69]; diastolic BP, −1.80 [95% CI, −2.38 to −1.23]). Subgroup studies revealed stronger and approximately linear dose‐response relations among hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and older populations.

Conclusions

This dose‐response meta‐analysis demonstrates that the optimal combined intake of omega‐3 fatty acids for BP lowering is likely between 2 g/d and 3 g/d. Doses of omega‐3 fatty acid intake above the recommended 3 g/d may be associated with additional benefits in lowering BP among groups at high risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Immersive Spatial Interactivity in Sonic Arts: The Acoustic Localization Positioning System
Authors: Schlienger Dominik , Khashchanskiy Victor
Published: June 2022

The Acoustic Localization Positioning System is the outcome of several years of participatory development with musicians and artists having a stake in sonic arts, collaboratively aiming for nonobtrusive tracking and indoors positioning technology that facilitates spatial interaction and immersion. Based on previous work on application scenarios for spatial reproduction of moving sound sources and the conception of the kinaesthetic interface, a tracking system for spatially interactive sonic arts is presented here. It is an open-source implementation in the form of a stand-alone application and associated Max patches. The implementation uses off-the-shelf, ubiquitous technology. Based on the findings of tests and experiments conducted in extensive creative workshops, we show how the approach addresses several technical problems and overcomes some typical obstacles to immersion in spatially interactive applications in sonic arts.
Characterisation of Ficophagus virens (Bartholomaeus, Davies, Kanzaki, Ye & Giblin-Davis, 2009) Davies & Bartholomaeus, 2015 from Ficus virens (Moraceae) in India with a tabular key for the Indian species of Ficophagus
Authors: Waghmare Chandramani , Somvanshi Vishal S. , Khan Matiyar Rahaman
Published: June 2022

A population of Ficophagus was recovered from white fig (Ficus virens) in New Delhi, India. We further described the population as Ficophagus virens based on morphological and morphometric characters, and molecular data. A detailed description of key morphological features, measurements of taxonomic characters, and photomicrography of the male and female specimens are given here. The study also included additional parameters such as lip diam. and height, conus stylet, shaft stylet, knobs diam. and height, vulva position from anterior end, length and width of spermatheca, anal/cloacal body diam., vulval width, and ovary/testis length for better characterisation of species. In addition to 28S rDNA (D2/D3), new sequence data from small subunit rDNA (18S) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I COI marker gene were added. The D2/D3 sequence of F. virens was most similar to the sequence available for the Australian population of F. virens in GenBank. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods were used to analyse phylogenetic relationships of the Indian population of F. virens with those of the Australian populations and other Ficophagus species. This species is a new record from Delhi, India, and hence this report provides a new geographical location for the F. virens nematode after the first report from Australia.
The Possibility of the Nobler (imkān al-ashraf) in Ṣadrā’s Philosophy and Its Historical Origins
Authors: Erdt Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

The principle known as the possibility of the nobler (qāʿidat imkān al-ashraf) is arguably one of the most often employed principles in later Islamic philosophy. In its standard formulation it states that if something baser exists, a nobler thing must have existed prior to it. A similar argument from the degrees of perfections has had a long career in the history of Western philosophy as well, with its beginnings reaching Stoicism. In Christian theology and philosophy it serves most importantly as a proof for the existence of God in the so-called henological argument of Aquinas. In Islamic philosophy it directly derives from the ex uno non fit nisi unum principle. Since the formulation of its standard version by al-Suhrawardī, the validity of the principle has been conditioned on that it is only applicable to the intelligible beings, hence its main objective is to offer a proof for the existence of the intellects. The article analyzes the application of the principle in Ṣadrā’s philosophy and enquires about its historical roots.
Physics and Metaphysics in an Early Ottoman Madrasa: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī on the Nature of Time
Authors: Todd Richard
Published: June 2022

Although overshadowed by his celebrated commentaries on Ibn ʿArabī and Ibn al-Fāriḍ, Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī’s (d. 750/1351) treatise on the philosophy of time – the Nihāyat al-bayān fī dirāyat al-zamān (The Utmost Elucidation Concerning Knowledge of Time) – is a notable milestone in the history of Islamic conceptions of temporality. Composed around the start of Qayṣarī’s tenure as head of the first Ottoman madrasa, the Nihāyat al-bayān rejects the Aristotelian definition of time as the number of motion in favor of Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s concept of zamān as the measure of being. Challenging, likewise, portrayals of time as a flux or succession of fleeting instants, Qayṣarī propounds instead an absolutist vision of time as an integral, objectively existent whole. Qayṣarī’s reassessment of dominant medieval theories of temporality – including kalām atomism and the Neoplatonic distinction between time, perpetuity, and eternity – is thus shown to be a key early example of what was to become an abiding Ottoman interest in time and timekeeping.
The “Most Liberal in nato”?
Authors: Storkmann Klaus
Published: June 2022

Homosexuality was a topic that all armed forces were compelled to address at some point – and still are. A comparison between armed forces from around the world helps to put the actions of one state in the context of a bigger picture. This is not only the approach of historians today, but, as this research surprisingly shows, was the approach of the (West) German Federal Ministry of Defence (FMoD) in the late 1960s and after. Using archival sources from the German FMoD, this article examines how the (West) German MoD was interested in and viewed the regulations of other countries’ armed forces when dealing with homosexual service members, and whether and how these insights influenced the actions of the Defence Ministry.1
Brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the remote oceanic Archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: TAVARES MARCOS , MENDONÇA JOEL BRAGA DE JR.
Published: June 2022

Forty species of shore and shallow water brachyuran crabs are reported from the remote oceanic Archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz (TMV), 11 of which were previously known from Trindade Island, 28 are recorded from the Archipelago for the first time, and one is a new species, Epialtus parvulus sp. nov. This brings the total known shore and shallow water decapod fauna of TMV to 99 species. The opportunity is taken here to elaborate on the taxonomy of the species reported from TMV. One new genus, Mecataleptodius, is recognized for two species, Cancer parvulus Fabricius, 1793, its type species, and Cataleptodius olsoni Manning & Chace, 1990, endemic to Ascension Island. The following seven nominal species are synonymized: Acanthonyx dissimulatus Coelho in Coelho & Torres, 1993; A. scutiformis (Dana, 1851a); Dromia gouveai Melo & Campos Junior, 1999; Epialtus portoricensis Rathbun, 1923; Ranilia guinotae Melo & Campos Junior, 1994; R. saldanhai H. Rodrigues da Costa, 1970; and Omalacantha garthi (Lemos de Castro, 1953). TMV is a subset of the western Atlantic crab fauna (23 species or 57.5%), also including 8 (20%) amphi-Atlantic species, 3 (7.5%) amphi-American, 3 (7.5%) endemic, 2 (5%) cosmopolitan, 1 (2.5%) known from both sides of the Atlantic and the Indo-West Pacific. The crab fauna of TMV, Ascension (AS) and Saint Helena (SH) are compared with one another as well as with that of the oceanic islands Fernando de Noronha (FN) and the Rocas Atoll (RA) by means of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) applied to a dissimilarity matrix generated by Jaccard’s coefficient. TMV-FN-RA and AS-SH clustered into two distinct groups according to the composition of their crab fauna. The NMDS analysis ranked the species that cause segregation of the crab faunal assemblages among TMV, AS, and SH, while revealing a gradient in species composition between the two groups of islands (TMV-FN-RA and AS-SH) formed by the amphi-Atlantic species. Island isolation, age and size alone do not explain the existing differences in species richness among TMV, AS and SH. The taxonomic composition of the shallow water fauna in these islands is likely to have been determined by several variables that were interwoven differently along their evolutionary history.
Biomaterials in Preventing Sports Injury in Sports Training
Authors: Chen Liang , Qi Xin , Peng Zhi , Ren Ping
Published: June 2022

Adhesion after a sports injury is a complex problem that has plagued the recovery of sports injury for a long time, directly affecting the average performance of sports training and sports technology. Biological materials have noticeable effects in preventing adhesion and promoting
healing after sports injuries. The thesis analyzes the physical and chemical properties and biological, histological properties of human hair keratin/silk fibroin composite biomaterials. And it was applied to the biological tissues of rabbits injured by sports. Studies have shown that human
hair keratin/silk fibroin composite biomaterials have ideal biocompatibility and degradation rates. The composite material can effectively treat sports injuries caused by sports training.
Compatibility of Engine Oil Viscosity Improver and Biodiesel Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
Authors: Wang Jiu , Chen Ni-Cheng , He Tian-Xi , Chen Bo-Shui
Published: June 2022

The present work focused on the compatibility of a popular engine oil viscosity improver polymethacrylate (PMA) and a biodiesel fatty acid methyl ester methyl oleate (MO). Thermal oxidation operations of blends of PMA, MO and a mineral base oil were performed for evaluating the interactions
between PMA and MO. The viscosity and viscosity index of fresh and oxidized blends were determined and calculated. Thereafter the chemical compositions of oxidized blends were characterized by a gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Results showed that viscosities of the blends
increased after oxidation, and the increases in viscosity after oxidation for blends containing MO were greater than those for blends without MO. Furthermore, PMA was substantially efficient in improving viscosity index of both fresh and oxidized blends with and without MO, although viscosity
index of blends slightly declined with increasing concentrations of MO in a blend. Finally, chemical species of methacrylates were generated in the oxidation processes of blends, despite whether or not there was MO in the blends. The present results preliminarily demonstrated that direct chemical
interactions between PMA and MO were unobvious, and confirmed that PMA was well compatible with MO in viscosity index improvement.
Cytological Observation and Candidate Gene Identification of a Female Semi-Sterile Rice Mutant
Authors: Wang Zhongni , Luo Qinhuan , Wu Xian , Long Sifang , Jiang Xue , Li Jiali , Xu Haifeng , Zhang Dashuang , Zhu Susong
Published: June 2022

Rice is an important staple crop, and fertilization has a very important role in the production of high-yield and well-quality hybrid of rice. The abnormal development of female gametes will lead to a significant decrease in rice yields. Due to the complex mechanism of female gamete
development, the molecular mechanism of female sterility has not made a breakthrough. In this study, one semi-sterile mutant m21 and its fifth generation of backcross material (WZN58 and WZN68) were used as materials, and the phenotypic observation and cytological observation of embryo
sac development were performed. Moreover, the pollen viability was evaluated by iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) staining. Bulked-segregant analysis (BSA) re-sequencing and transgenic analysis were further applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of semi-sterile phenotype.
These results demonstrated that male gamete development was normal, while the abnormality of the mutant was caused by the abnormal development of female gamete. Among 112 candidate genes detected by BSA, one gene Os10g0506000 was identified responsible for the semi-sterile phenotype
of m21 mutant. This study provides an ideal material and candidate gene for rice female fertility analysis.
Morphologic and Molecular Evaluation of Papaya Strains (Carica papaya L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Hassan Khairy H. A. , Abd-Elkawy M. M. A. , Sami Rokayya , Al Masoudi Luluah M. , Alyamani Amal , Aloufi Salman , Alharthi Sarah , Zewail Reda M. Y. , El-Gioushy Sherif F.
Published: June 2022

Papaya is high in nutrients, delicious flavours, and potent antioxidants like lycopene; all of these bio constituents may reduce the risk of a variety of ailments, particularly those associated with ageing, such as heart disease and cancer. The papaya (Carica papaya L.) despite
having a lengthy farming history and important germplasm, little is known about its genetic basis and variety. In response to environmental changes, the results of papaya strain diversity show variation in yield, vegetative traits, morphological characteristics of flowers, fruits, and leaves.
To characterise the genetic assessment, morphological, agronomical traits, and an inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular marker were studied across 9 papaya strains. For the past three decades, DNA Molecular markers have been used. The DNA contours provide data on the strains, display
the entire genome, and showing difference in both the encrypting and non-encrypting regions, as well as polymorphism. A mix of morphologic, chemical, and molecular characteristics of papaya strains can be used to well measure the degree of variety and correlation among papaya strains. The
primers UBC812 and UBC825 performed the best for identifying and estimating the diversity of papaya accessions, followed by UBC864, UBC809, UBC811 and HB-13. The 9 papaya strains were classified into two clusters using UPGMA cluster analysis and a similarity coefficient obtained from ISSR
markers. Among the nine papaya strains, the pair S3 and S7 had the highest similarity (0.97). The morphological characteristics are similar to molecular analysis. This work provided a quick and steadfast method for estimating variability among different Papaya strains, which breeders could
use to improve papaya.
Disparities in Screening for Colorectal Cancer Based on Limited Language Proficiency
Authors: Cataneo Jose L. , Kim Tae David , Park John J. , Marecik Slawomir , Kochar Kunal
Published: June 2022

Background

This study analyzes the association between limited language proficiency and screening for colorectal cancer.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study from the 2015 sample of the National Health Interview Survey database utilizing univariate and multivariate regression analysis. The study population includes subjects between 50 and 75 years of age. The main outcome analyzed was rates of screening colonoscopies between limited English-language proficiency (LEP) subjects and those fluent in English. Secondary outcomes included analysis of baseline, socioeconomic, access to health care variables, and other modalities for colorectal cancer screening between the groups.

Results

Incidence of limited language proficiency was 4.8% (n = 1978, count = 4 453 599). They reported lower rates of screening colonoscopies (61% vs 34%, P < .001), less physician recommendation for a colonoscopy (87 vs 60%, P < .001), fewer polyps removed in the previous 3 years (24% vs 9.1%; P < .001), and fewer fecal occult blood samples overall (P < .001). Additionally, Hispanic non-LEP subjects have higher rates of colonoscopies compared to those with language barriers (50% vs 33%, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, LEP was associated with a lower likelihood to have a screening colonoscopy (OR .67 95% CI .49-.91). A second regression model with “Spanish language” and “other language” variables included, associated Spanish speakers with a lower likelihood for a screening colonoscopy (OR .71 95% CI .52-.97) when controlling for baseline, socioeconomic, and access to health care covariates.

Discussion

Patients with limited English-language proficiency are associated with lower rates of screening for colorectal cancer, in particular the Spanish speaking subgroup.
Incidence of and risk factors for alcohol dependence in bipolar disorder: A population-based cohort and nested case–control study
Authors: Hsu Haw-En , Chen Po-Yu , Chang Hu-Ming , Pan Chun-Hung , Su Sheng-Shiang , Tsai Shang-Ying , Chen Chiao-Chicy , Kuo Chian-Jue
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Although alcohol dependence is highly prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder, the causal relationship is not yet well-established. This study estimated the incidence of alcohol dependence in a nationwide bipolar disorder cohort and examined risk factors for alcohol dependence.

Methods:

Patients aged 15–65 years with consistent bipolar disorder who had their first psychiatric admission between 1999 and 2012 ( n = 21,791) were enrolled from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We calculated the adjusted incidence rate ratio of alcohol dependence in the bipolar cohort relative to the general population after stratification by age and sex. In the nested case–control study, we included patients with incident alcohol dependence as cases and four age- and sex-matched controls for each case to analyze health care utilization, comorbidities and concomitant medications between them.

Results:

We identified 1261 patients with bipolar disorder with incident alcohol dependence. Relative to the general population, the adjusted incidence rate ratio of alcohol dependence was 9.20 in the bipolar cohort. All adjusted incidence rate ratios were high across all age subgroups. Cases had higher psychiatric and nonpsychiatric health care utilization than did controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that cases tended to have cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatic disease, pneumonia and delirium before alcohol dependence diagnosis. Cases had higher psychiatric comorbidities, namely drug-induced mental disorders, anxiety disorder, personality disorder, adjustment disorder and sleep disorder.

Conclusion:

The bipolar cohort had a higher incidence of alcohol dependence. We identified specific groups with a high risk of alcohol dependence. Additional strategies for early detection, treatment and intervention for alcohol dependence should be developed.
‘Strangely Un-warmed’: The absence of emotion in the experience of conversion during the All Scotland Crusade of 1955
Authors: Jeffrey Kenneth S.
Published: June 2022

Billy Graham was one of the world’s most famous Christian evangelists in the twentieth century. He visited Scotland in 1955 and led a six-week Crusade at the Kelvin Hall in Glasgow. Hundreds of thousands of people attended these rallies, listened to Graham preach and many were converted. Revivalist conversions are important moments in people’s lives that have often provoked powerful emotional responses and found an expression in bodily manifestations. The anguish and subsequent relief, created by revival sermons have frequently induced children, young people, men and women to demonstrate their new birth with physical expressions. This paper will discuss the manner in which Billy Graham discouraged displays of emotion during the All Scotland Crusade. It will examine his book Peace with God and the sermons he preached at the Kelvin Hall in order to determine how he presented conversion as an experience devoid of strong affections. It will further explore why he actively dissuaded people, who attended his Glasgow campaign in 1955, from demonstrative behaviour when they responded to his altar calls.
Isogeometric analysis based on non-uniform rational B-splines technology of stress and failure strength in inter-ply hybrid laminated composite
Authors: Rahmouni Faouzi , Elajrami Mohamed , Madani Kouider , Campilho RDSG
Published: June 2022

In the present study, the stress distribution and first ply failure strength of hybrid laminated composites subjected to uniaxial tensile and compression loads are predicted using Isogeometric analysis (IGA) based on non-uniform rational B-splines technology, commonly referred to as non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) technology. The obtained results were compared to finite element method results (ANSYS) published in the literature and analytical results using Autodesk Helius Composite software. Graphite-glass/epoxy hybrid composite plates are analyzed for different lamination orientations and used to calculate first ply failure strength. Non-interactive theories such as maximum stress, maximum strain, and fully interactive criteria such as Tsai-Wu, Tsai-Hill and Hoffman are used to predict the failure strength of different laminates. The failure envelopes of the hybrid composites are developed using the same failure criteria used for the graphite-glass/epoxy hybrid composite. The effects of IGA refinement and plate’s dimension on the present analysis were also established. The IGA results showed good accuracy, robustness and good convergence speed with the analytical software results and the finite element method (FEM) reference value.
Occupational Class Differences in Emotional Exhaustion Among Municipal Employees – The Role of Employment Sector and Psychosocial Working Conditions
Authors: Lahti Jouni , Knop Jade , Lallukka Tea , Harkko Jaakko , Kouvonen Anne
Published: June 2022

Studies examining occupational class differences in burnout symptoms across employment sectors are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine whether occupational class is associated with emotional exhaustion, and whether there are differences in the examined associations between employment sectors. A further aim was to examine to which extent psychosocial working conditions may explain these associations. Survey data were collected in 2017 among 19–39-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki (4630 women and 1267 men, response rate 51.5%). Occupational class included four classes: 1. manuals, 2. routine non-manuals, 3. semi-professionals, 4. managers and professionals. Employment sector was classified into three groups: 1. health and social care, 2. education and 3. ‘other’. Linear regression analysis and IBM SPSS 25 statistical program were used. The analytical sample included 4883 participants. The highest occupational class, i.e. managers and professionals, reported the highest emotional exhaustion. In terms of the sector, those working in education had the highest scores of emotional exhaustion. The associations between occupational class and emotional exhaustion differed somewhat between the sectors. Adjustment for job demands attenuated the differences in emotional exhaustion between occupational classes, whereas adjustment for job control and job strain widened the differences. Attention should be paid to occupations with excess mental demands, and to employees in the education sector, who showed the highest risk of emotional exhaustion.
Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit Overcrowding and Ventilator Shortages in US Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-2021
Authors: Sandhu Paramjit , Shah Ami B. , Ahmad Farida B. , Kerr Justin , Demeke Hanna B. , Graeden Ellie , Marks Suzanne , Clark Hollie , Bombard Jennifer M. , Bolduc Michele , Hatfield-Timajchy Kendra , Tindall Erica , Neri Antonio , Smith Kelsey , Owens Chantelle , Martin Tonya , Strona Frank V.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic overburdened the US health care system because of extended and unprecedented patient surges and supply shortages in hospitals. We investigated the extent to which several US hospitals experienced emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit (ICU) overcrowding and ventilator shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

We analyzed Health Pulse data to assess the extent to which US hospitals reported alerts when experiencing ED overcrowding, ICU overcrowding, and ventilator shortages from March 7, 2020, through April 30, 2021.

Results:

Of 625 participating hospitals in 29 states, 393 (63%) reported at least 1 hospital alert during the study period: 246 (63%) reported ED overcrowding, 239 (61%) reported ICU overcrowding, and 48 (12%) reported ventilator shortages. The number of alerts for overcrowding in EDs and ICUs increased as the number of COVID-19 cases surged.

Conclusions:

Timely assessment and communication about critical factors such as ED and ICU overcrowding and ventilator shortages during public health emergencies can guide public health response efforts in supporting federal, state, and local public health agencies.
Overlapping shifts to improve patient safety and patient flow in emergency departments
Authors: Girishan Prabhu Vishnunarayan , Taaffe Kevin , Pirrallo Ronald G , Jackson William , Ramsay Michael
Published: June 2022

Emergency departments (ED) act as primary patient access points for millions of people seeking medical care. However, the sheer volume of patient arrivals and variability among cases makes ED prone to crowding, a well-recognized public health, and patient safety issue. In addition, patient care transitions from one physician to another, known as handoffs, increase with crowding and negatively impact patient safety and satisfaction. This research focused on utilizing a novel hybrid modeling approach to represent the physician and patient activities in the ED to identify physician shift policies that can improve patient safety and patient flow by minimizing handoffs and patient time in the ED. Compared to the current practices that utilize a non-overlapping schedule for staffing the physicians, policies that restrict physicians from taking new patients during the end of their shift can reduce the number of handoffs by as much as 11.2%, with no significant difference in patient time in the ED. Furthermore, comparing current practices to overlapping staffing policies with restrictions, we observed that handoffs and patient time in the ED could be reduced to 41.5% and 14%, with a slight increase in physician full-time equivalents. Finally, we also observed that the ED could immediately accommodate a 10%–15% increase in patient volume with an overlapping staffing policy and still achieve the current performance metrics. However, implementing these policies in a specific ED would call for a risk–cost–benefit analysis considering ED demands, resource availability, and staffing costs.
Analysis of electromagnetic transmission characteristics of square loop frequency selective fabrics with different layers
Authors: Guan Fuwang , Li Dan , Li Jiashuang , Yang Zhuli , Lei Yutian , You Zhichang , Li Zhaole , Tao Yuan
Published: June 2022

Nine square loop frequency selective fabrics (FSFs) with different layers were designed, prepared, and tested in this paper. Then the electromagnetic transmission characteristics were analyzed in detail. The test results reveal that the transmission characteristics of single-layer FSFs are basically identical in two electromagnetic wave polarization modes and keep good frequency selective characteristics as the incidence angle increases. For FSFs with the same frequency selective surface (FSS) layers, the increase of FSS layer number may exert influence on the electromagnetic transmission characteristics, but the influence mode and extent are inconsistent for two kinds of FSFs. For FSFs with complementary FSS layers, the transmission coefficient curves of the double-layer sample are the combination of two single-layer FSFs, with three resonance phenomena at 7.63, 10.75, and 12.38 GHz. However, three-layer FSFs with complementary FSS layers show poor frequency selective characteristics, mainly presenting full shielding characteristics. An equivalent circuit model of multi-layer FSF is built to explore the electromagnetic transmission mechanism; many factors, such as the fabric type, structure, conductive unit type, and size, would nonlinearly affect the electromagnetic transmission characteristics. The work can provide reference value for the study of diverse multi-layer FSFs and variant electromagnetic characteristics.
Sustainable profiled poly(lactic acid) multifilaments with high moisture management performance for textiles
Authors: Yang Yadie , Ju Zixin , Tam Po Ying , Hua Tao , Hu Hong
Published: June 2022

Sustainable poly(lactic acid) multifilaments are a new type of biodegradable fibers that have gained increasing attention in textile product development. However, low moisture management performance has hindered their application in high added-value textile products such as functional garments and sportswear. In this work, profiled poly(lactic acid) multifilaments with “+” cross-section and “Y” cross-section were developed by the melt spinning process in order to improve their moisture management properties. The cross-sectional and longitudinal morphologies of the produced profiled poly(lactic acid) multifilaments were first examined and their non-circularity degrees were calculated. The moisture-absorbing and fast-drying properties of both the poly(lactic acid) multifilaments and knitted fabrics, including vertical wicking, in-plane wicking, water absorption and evaporation, and water vapor transmission were then evaluated, and the effects of fiber cross-section shape and yarn texturing were analyzed. The results show that the moisture management performances of the knitted fabrics made with profiled poly(lactic acid) multifilaments are significantly improved when compared with those of the fabric made with circular cross-section poly(lactic acid) multifilaments. The results also show that moisture management performances of the knitted fabrics made with profiled poly(lactic acid) multifilaments are comparable or even better than those of the fabrics made of polyester multifilaments. The study suggests that poly(lactic acid) fibers can be applied for the development of textile products with high added value and substitute the large amounts of petroleum-based PET fiber in apparel end-use.
Dynamic sliding mode control of pitch blade wind turbine using sliding mode observer
Authors: Karami-Mollaee Ali , Shojaei Ali Asghar , Barambones Oscar , Fauzi Othman Mohd
Published: June 2022

In a wind turbine (WT), the maximum power can be achieved using a suitable and smooth signal, which should be applied to the pitch angle of the blades (PABLE). On the contrary, the uncertainties of the WT models cause the fatigue due to the mechanical stresses. To overcome these two problems, dynamic sliding mode control (D-SMC) is used because it is robust against uncertainties and can suppress the chattering by providing smooth signals. In D-SMC, an integrator is located before the actuator, as a low-pass filter, to suppress the high-frequency chattering. Then, the states number of the overall augmented system is one more than the states number of the actual system. To control such an augmented system, the added state variable needs to be estimated and hence, a novel sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed. A trusty comparison is also presented using the conventional sliding mode control (C-SMC) with the proposed SMO. To implement D-SMC and C-SMC, a new state feedback is applied to the turbine at first. Therefore, a linear model with uncertainty is obtained, where its input is the PABLE. Lyapunov theory is used to proof the stability of the proposed SMO, D-SMC, and also the C-SMC. The presented comparison demonstrates the advantages of the D-SMC with respect to the C-SMC in removing the chattering and simplicity in concept and in implementation.
Executive Board Chairs: Examining the Performance Consequences of a Corporate Governance Hybrid
Authors: Langan Robert , Krause Ryan , Menz Markus
Published: June 2022

Traditional agency theory views the proper role of the board chair exclusively as providing independent oversight to monitor and control the CEO. Recently, firms have introduced innovations in board leadership that have confounded these theoretical expectations. One notable innovation is the executive board chair, a corporate governance hybrid responsible for both oversight and strategic decision-making, challenging agency theory's prescription that the two activities remain separate. In this study, we argue that an executive board chair position can resolve the trade-off between independent oversight and involvement in strategy and therefore generate a performance advantage. We also predict that, owing to the blurring of lines between the CEO and board chair roles that the executive board chair position creates, the relationship will be stronger the greater the need to monitor and control the CEO but weaker when organizational complexity and board leadership demands are greater. Analysis of S&P 1500 firms from 2003 to 2017 provides general support for our arguments.
Content recruiting: Obstacle to institutional repository development in university libraries in Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Posigha Ebiwolate Bassil , Eseivo Loveth O.
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to bring to light the obstacles to collecting contents from faculty members in universities in Nigeria and South Africa. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted a survey research design. OpenDOAR database search, online questionnaire, and IRs investigation methods were used to collect data from 41 institutional repositories in universities in Nigeria and South Africa. Findings: The study found that the most popular content submitted to IRs in Nigeria and South Africa are electronic theses and dissertations, journal articles, special items (Africana collections, images, artifacts, paintings), conference and workshop papers, and research and technical reports. The comparison of institutional repository development between the two countries revealed that, South Africa is far ahead of Nigeria in terms of institutional repository development using contents emanating from the universities. South Africa is a leading African country in terms of Open Access (OA) policies and South Africa embraced open access movement earlier than Nigeria. The study identified some factors such as: lack of awareness of the existence of institutional repositories by faculty members; lack of mandatory self-archiving policy by institutions or funding bodies; considering copyright and intellectual property issues; some faculty members are skeptical on the principle of open access; some faculty members are not interested in IR; some faculty members believe it is too risky to submit their research work to IR; lack of technical skills for some faculty members to self-archive as obstacles which are peculiar to collecting contents from various contributors in both counties. Research Implication: The findings will inform University Librarians, University management and policy makers on possible ways to overcome the obstacles to recruiting content to IRs. Originality/value: The study reported on the obstacles of recruiting content from faculty members in universities in Nigeria and South Africa and the findings will inform stakeholders by designing strategies to overcome such obstacles and populate the IRs with different contents.
A Lintel Fragment from the Meniset Temple of Amenhotep I and Ahmose Nefertari at Thebes
Authors: Walsh Carl
Published: June 2022

A limestone relief fragment in the Barnes Foundation (A303), Philadelphia is identified as a recut fragment from a Sed festival lintel that surmounted a doorway in the Meniset temple of Amenhotep I and Ahmose Nefertari at Thebes. Originally found by Wilhelm Spiegelberg and only documented through a photograph of a squeeze, the condition of the relief speaks to a complex provenance history and provides confirmation of the reconstruction of the festival scene by Kurt Sethe.
Authoritarian state capitalism: Spatial planning and the megaproject in Russia
Authors: Kinossian Nadir , Morgan Kevin
Published: June 2022

The phenomenon of state capitalism is attracting growing attention in economic geography and political economy. We contribute to the debate by exploring the authoritarian state capitalism variant whereby the state moves beyond a predominantly regulatory role and appears as the dominant actor. We take Russia to be a prominent example of authoritarian state capitalism because the central state has subjugated economy, created organisational structures and designed development strategies to serve the interests of the kleptocrat, inverting the conventional meaning of ‘state capture’. The paper illustrates the centrality of the state by exploring two state-sponsored megaprojects: (i) the upgrade of the Northern Sea Route and (ii) the construction of innovation clusters (Skolkovo). In the first case, the state directs resources to the Northern Sea Route to secure Russia's control of the Arctic. In the second case, the state attempts to replicate the perceived developmental success stories of the West by fostering technology clusters. Each illustrative case offers an instructive insight into Russia's authoritarian state capitalism characterised by tensions between its own political and economic repertoires and a contentious relationship with the Western-dominated liberal capitalist world order.
Global production and the crisis of the tax state
Authors: Quentin Clair
Published: June 2022

This article combines a fiscal sociology framing with value theory in the classical tradition to yield a composite lens through which to examine the relation between Global Value Chains, Global Wealth Chains and the tax state. It has specific regard to the ongoing crisis of tax states globally, as corporate profits go undertaxed. In summary, the argument is as follows. Although capital and the state are both primarily in the business of capturing value from Global Value Chains indirectly (i.e. otherwise than through ownership of means of material production), labour in Global Wealth Chains has a dual role of (i) suppressing the profitability associated with material production in favour of returns from intangibles and (ii) suppressing the corporate tax take. It therefore simultaneously constitutes capital's instrument of value capture, and its instrument of supremacy in its contestation with the state over the proportion in which value capture is shared between the two. Better-paid labour associated with value capture on the part of capital (i.e. better paid Global Wealth Chain labour) is predominantly located in wealthier states, giving those states an alternative source of revenue and consequently giving them a reason for maintaining a global order in which capital has supremacy over them in the contestation over value capture from Global Value Chains. Further, these dynamics are in a feedback loop which serves as a countervailing tendency staving off a structural crisis of capitalism, and that feedback loop is a core driver for today's crisis of tax states.
How well do we know green gentrification? A systematic review of the methods
Authors: Quinton Jessica , Nesbitt Lorien , Sax Daniel
Published: June 2022

This systematic literature review identifies and critiques methodological trends in green gentrification research (focusing on studies of vegetative greening) and provides suggestions for advancing this field. Findings reveal (1) research has largely focused on U.S. case studies; (2) early work employed qualitative methods but quantitative analyses have become more common; (3) little attention has been paid to the influence of greening characteristics/functions and non-greening factors on gentrification; (4) the mechanisms through which greening leads to gentrification are not well understood, particularly on the demand side; and (5) despite being the main concern of green gentrification, displacement has not been well-documented.