bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inequalities of Carlson-Taikov-Shadrin type in $L_{2,r;\alpha,\beta}((-1,1))$ and $L_{2,e^{-t^2}}(\mathbb{R})$ spaces
Authors: Babenko V.F. , Kozynenko O.V. , Skorokhodov D.S.
Published: February 2020

We consider the problem of finding sharp inequalities for the norms of derivatives of the functions. This classical problem arises in Approximation Theory in the beginning of XX century in works of E. Landau, J. Hadamard, G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood. A thorough overview of many known results and related problems can be found in surveys [1, 2] and the book [3].Recall that $L_{2,r;\alpha,\beta}((-1,1))$, $r\in \mathbb{N}$ and $\alpha,\beta> -1$, is the space of measurable functions $x:(-1,1)\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $\|x\|_{2,r;\alpha,\beta} := \int_{-1}^{1} |x(t)|^2(1-t)^{\alpha+r}(1+t)^{\beta+r}\,{\rm d}t < \infty$, and $L_{2,e^{-t^2}}(\mathbb{R})$ is the space of measurable functions $x:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $\|x\|_{2,e^{-t^2}} := \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} |x(t)|^2e^{-t^2}\,{\rm d}t < \infty$. S.Z. Rafalson [7], S.Z. Rafalson and I.V. Berdnikova [5] obtained analogues of Hardy-Littlewood-Polya inequalities for the norms of derivatives of functions in spaces $L_{2,r;\alpha,\beta}((-1,1))$ and $L_{2,e^{-t^2}}(\mathbb{R})$. Namely, they established sharp inequalities that estimate $\left\|x^{(k)}\right\|_{2,k;\alpha\beta}$, $k\in\mathbb{N}$ and $0 < k < r$, in terms of $\|x\|_{2,0;\alpha,\beta}$ and $\left\|x^{(r)}\right\|_{2,r;\alpha,\beta}$, and sharp inequalities that estimate $\left\|x^{(k)}\right\|_{2,e^{-t^2}}$ in terms of $\left\|x\right\|_{2,e^{-t^2}}$ and $\left\|x^{(r)}\right\|_{2,e^{-t^2}}$. In this paper we obtain the analogues of Taikov-Shadrin inequalities for the norms of derivatives in spaces $L_{2,r;\alpha,\beta}((-1,1))$ and $L_{2,e^{-t^2}}(\mathbb{R})$. Namely, we obtain sharp inequalities that estimate $\left|x^{(k)}(t_0)\right|$, $t_0\in(-1,1)$, $k\in\mathbb{Z}_+$ and $k < r$, in terms of $\|x\|_{2,0;\alpha,\beta}$ and $\left\|x^{(r)}\right\|_{2,r;\alpha,\beta}$, and sharp inequalities that estimate $\left|x^{(k)}(t_0)\right|$, $t_0\in \mathbb{R}$, $k\in\mathbb{Z}_+$ and $k < r$, in terms of $\|x\|_{2,e^{-t^2}}$ and $\left\|x^{(r)}\right\|_{2,e^{-t^2}}$.
Defensoría de jornaleros agrícolas migrantes del estado de Chiapas
Authors: Sánchez López María de los Ángeles , Coporo Quintana Gonzalo , Galindo Albores Jesús Alfredo
Published: February 2020

Este artículo presenta una estrategia de defensa para los jornaleros agrícolas migrantes, tomando como referente el caso de dos jornaleros de Chichabanteljá, comunidad indígena del estado de Chiapas, al sur de México, quienes fueron víctimas de explotación laboral en el estado de Nuevo León. La metodología se basa en el análisis de contexto como procedimiento para identificar la recurrencia de patrones estructurales y actores involucrados en violaciones a derechos humanos de los jornaleros agrícolas, para ello se elaboró una estrategia de defensa ad hoc, en el caso señalado. El resultado de la investigación plantea que la migración de jornaleros agrícolas de origen étnico es un fenómeno que ha sido descuidado en las últimas décadas por el Estado mexicano y que la normatividad existente aún es insuficiente para garantizar el acceso a la justicia para las víctimas de explotación laboral.
Additions to the flora of northern Asia: alien vascular plant records in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District (Russia)
Authors: Byalt Vyacheslav V. , Egorov Alexander A. , Pismarkina Elena V. , Galanina Olga V.
Published: February 2020

The north of Western Siberia has seen intensive economic development. Exploration and mining for mineral resources, active road and pipeline construction, urban development, and agriculture favor invasion and dispersal of alien plant species across the Subarctic region. The paper reports new records for eight alien species and hybrids previously unknown from northwest Siberia and the flora of northern Asia: Alopecurus geniculatus L., Anthyllis vulneraria L. subsp. vulneraria, Aquilegia atrata W.D.J. Koch, A. vulgaris L., Epilobium franciscanum Barbey, Galium album Mill. subsp. album, Petunia atkinsiana (Sweet) D. Don ex W.H. Baxter, Primula elatior (L.) Hill. These species were spotted in 2012–2014 in the towns of Salekhard, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Tarko-Sale, Gubkinsky, and Noyabrsk in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Western Siberia (Russia). Species, synonyms, overall distribution, habitat preferences, and species taxonomy with remarks on identification and differentiation from the most similar taxa occurring in the study area, as well as the list of localities are presented.
KARAKTER MORFOMETRIK DAN MERISTIK IKAN EKOR PEDANG (Xiphophorus helleri Heckel, 1848) DI DANAU BUYAN, BULELENG, BALI
Authors: Parawangsa I Nyoman Yoga , Tampubolon Prawira A. R. P , Pertami Nyoman Dati
Published: February 2020

Ikan ekor pedang bukan merupakan ikan asli Indonesia. Ikan ini berasal dari Amerika Tengah dan dilaporkan menyebabkan kerugian di beberapa perairan yang dihuninya. Ikan ekor pedang merupakan ikan kedua yang paling banyak tertangkap di Danau Buyan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap karakter morfometrik dan meristik, hubungan panjang bobot dan hubungan panjang total-panjang baku pada dua varian ikan ekor pedang di Danau Buyan yang memiliki warna tubuh yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai April 2018. Ikan yang diamati berjumlah 160 ekor. Pengamatan meliputi pengukuran 12 karakter morfometrik tradisional, 14 karakter truss morphometric, penghitungan empat karakter meristik, dan penimbangan bobot. Panjang total ikan ekor pedang jantan dan betina pada varian I adalah 43,94 - 79,47 mm dan 43,81 - 115,80 mm dengan nilai b= 2,90 dan b= 2,98. Kemudian, panjang total ikan ekor pedang pada varian II adalah 45,76 - 83,91 mm untuk ikan jantan dan 41,43 - 88,49 mm untuk ikan betina dengan nilai b= 2,80 dan b= 3,07. Karakter meristik pada kedua varian ikan ekor pedang baik jantan dan betina adalah D. 12-13 ; A. 8 - 9. Hubungan panjang bobot ikan ekor pedang pada kedua varian menunjukan pertumbuhan isometrik. Berdasarkan pengamatan dalam penelitian ini, diketahui tidak terdapat perbedaan pada dua varian ikan ekor pedang di Danau Buyan.Green swordtail is not originally from Indonesia, but from Central America. This fish was reported harmful in some freshwater ecosystem. Green swordtail was the second most caught fish in Buyan Lake. The aims of this research were to reveal morphometric and meristic characters, length-weight relationship and total length-standard length relationship on two variants of green swordtail with the different color in Buyan Lake. This research was conducted from January to April 2018 in Buyan Lake. The number of measured and weighed fish were 160 individuals. There were 12 traditional morphometric characters, 14 truss morphometric characters, and four meristic characters observed. Respectively, the total length for green swordtail variant I male and female were 43.94 - 79.47 mm and 43.81 - 115.80 mm. The b value for both of the variant I were 2.90 and 2.98. For the variant II, the total length was 45.76 - 83.91 mm for male fish and 41.43 - 88.49 for female. The b value for variant II were 2.80 and 3.07 for male and female respectively. Meristic characters for all variant and sex was D 12 - 13; A 8 - 9. The growth pattern was isometric. There is no difference in the body shape between the variant of green swordtail fish.
Biologi Kematangan Gonad Tiga Spesies Utama Pelagis Kecil Yang Mendarat Di Bitung
Authors: ZAMRONI ACHMAD , KUSWOYO ADI
Published: February 2020

Hasil tangkapan pukat cincin berukuran <10 GT yang mendarat di Bitung didominasi oleh ikan pelagis kecil. Ikan pelagis kecil tersebut didominasi oleh ikan malalugis/layang biru (Decapterus macarellus), ikan selar bentong/tude (Selar crumenophthalmus) dan ikan banyar (Rastrelliger kanagurta) yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Hal ini menyebabkan eksploitasi tiga spesies tersebut meningkat sehinggi terindikasi stok ikan-ikan tersebut menurun (hasil tangkapan dan laju tangkap tahun 2016 lebih rendah dari tahun 2015). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kondisi biologi kematangan gonad terhadap tiga spesies utama pelagis kecil yang mendarat di PPS Bitung tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga spesies ikan pelagis kecil yang diamati sebagian besar dalam kondisi belum matang gonad (TKG 1, TKG 2 dan TKG 3). Ukuran ikan rata-rata tertangkap (Lc) masing-masing adalah pada panjang cagak 24,6 cm, 19,5 cm dan 22, 95 cm. Ukuran pertama kali matang seksual (Lm) masing-masing adalah pada panjang cagak 26,6 cm, 23,1 cm dan 25,5 cm. Tiga spesies ikan yang diamati tersebut mempunyai sifat pemijahan memijah sebagian (partial spawner).
Blind Spot Detection for Safe Sim-to-Real Transfer
Authors: Ramakrishnan Ramya , Kamar Ece , Dey Debadeepta , Horvitz Eric , Shah Julie
Published: February 2020

Agents trained in simulation may make errors when performing actions in the real world due to mismatches between training and execution environments. These mistakes can be dangerous and difficult for the agent to discover because the agent is unable to predict them a priori. In this work, we propose the use of oracle feedback to learn a predictive model of these blind spots in order to reduce costly errors in real-world applications. We focus on blind spots in reinforcement learning (RL) that occur due to incomplete state representation: when the agent lacks necessary features to represent the true state of the world, and thus cannot distinguish between numerous states. We formalize the problem of discovering blind spots in RL as a noisy supervised learning problem with class imbalance. Our system learns models for predicting blind spots within unseen regions of the state space by combining techniques for label aggregation, calibration, and supervised learning. These models take into consideration noise emerging from different forms of oracle feedback, including demonstrations and corrections.

We evaluate our approach across two domains and demonstrate that it achieves higher predictive performance than baseline methods, and also that the learned model can be used to selectively query an oracle at execution time to prevent errors. We also empirically analyze the biases of various feedback types and how these biases influence the discovery of blind spots. Further, we include analyses of our approach that incorporate relaxed initial optimality assumptions. (Interestingly, relaxing the assumptions of an optimal oracle and an optimal simulator policy helped our models to perform better.) We also propose extensions to our method that are intended to improve performance when using corrections and demonstrations data.
Experimental study of particle lift initiation on roller-compacted sand–clay mixtures
Authors: Le Vern Mickael , Sediki Ouardia , Razakamanantsoa Andry , Murzyn Frédéric , Larrarte Frédérique
Published: February 2020

Civil engineering works are sources of dust emissions, which can cause severe security, health and environmental damages to workers and neighbourhoods. This is particularly significant for implementation of earthwork sites. The present paper reports a study conducted to characterise the soil–atmosphere interaction above compacted soils where particle lift is initiated. Mixtures of kaolin clay and sand have been compacted using a laboratory roller compactor that reproduces near-field compaction conditions. Shear testing conducted at the interface confirms that the sand content affects the friction angle between the soil and the compaction roller. The experimental velocity profiles above the compacted samples have been obtained in a wind tunnel using a non-intrusive measurement technique (laser Doppler velocimetry). Results show that the sand fraction affects velocity profiles. Compaction, therefore, may not fully reduce the roughness of the soil surface. The airflow friction velocities at the sample surfaces have been determined from the boundary layer profiles. The results achieved demonstrate that all tested soils reach the threshold friction velocity required to initiate particle lift, and the higher the sand content of the soil, the more likely it is that particle lift occurs.
Mechanical and osmotic consolidation of geosynthetic clay liners: a laboratory study
Authors: Lu Y. , Abuel-Naga H. , Leong E.-C.
Published: February 2020

This study aims to assess the effect of pore water salinity (sodium chloride (NaCL) solution) on the consolidation behaviour of GCLs (geosynthetic clay liners) using one-dimensional oedometer test apparatus. The experiments include two testing conditions: (1) an investigation of mechanical consolidation of GCL specimens saturated with water having different salinity levels, and (2) an investigation of the effect of pore water salinity on the volume change of GCL specimens under different constant vertical stress levels (i.e. osmotic consolidation). The mechanical consolidation test results indicated that the compression and swelling indices decrease as the liquid salinity increases, whereas an elastic hysteresis volume change behaviour was observed in the osmotic consolidation test results. The results of this study also show that the compression and swelling indices, and the hydraulic conductivity of a GCL specimen are almost reversible when it is subjected to an osmotic cycle.
Pullout of geogrids from tire-derived aggregate having large particle size
Authors: Ghaaowd I. , McCartney J. S.
Published: February 2020

Although tire-derived aggregate (TDA) has been used as an alternative backfill in geotechnical engineering applications, the interaction between TDA having large particle sizes (e.g. TDA with a maximum particle dimension of 300 mm) and reinforcing geosynthetics has not been studied. This paper presents results from pullout tests on uniaxial and biaxial geogrids embedded in Type B TDA using a new large-scale pullout device having internal areal dimensions that can accommodate TDA layers with a height up to 1470 mm. Normal stresses ranging from 10 to 60 kPa were applied to TDA layers using dead weights atop a rigid plate and the pullout force was applied via hydraulic actuators operated in displacement control to a bolted-epoxy sandwich-type grip mounted on slide bearings that permit pullout displacements of up to 810 mm. The maximum pullout force increased with normal stress, with a displacement at maximum pullout force ranging from 100 to 350 mm. Internal displacements measured using tell-tales indicate gradual mobilization with pullout force, and the TDA layers all contracted during geogrid pullout. Uniaxial and biaxial geogrids with square-shaped apertures showed higher pullout capacity than uniaxial geogrids with rectangular-shaped apertures, but they experienced combined tensile-pullout failure at higher normal stresses.
Effects of reinforcement corrosion on reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Yuksel Isa , Sakcalı Gökhan Barış
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to present the different effects of reinforcement corrosion on reinforced concrete buildings. A hypothetical five-storey reinforced concrete building frame was designed for this purpose. Three different modes of action were selected – corrosion on the ground floor alone, corrosion on one facade and corrosion on two neighbouring facades of the building. For each mode of action, different corrosion scenarios were selected, which were arranged in terms of mass loss from zero to 15% in ascending order an in 3% steps. Pushover analyses of the building were performed for each corrosion scenario and the results of these analyses were used to perform a structural performance evaluation conforming to Eurocode 8. A general decrease in structural performance was determined with significant changes in the dynamic characteristics of the building. The level of decrease depended on the corrosion scenarios and the modes of action. Important structural behaviour alterations and premature damage occurrences were found, in addition to a reduction in the displacement ductility of the building. For severe-corrosion scenarios, reductions in moment and curvature capacities could shift the structural behaviour of the load-bearing members from ductile to non-ductile.
Durability and ultimate performance of concrete beams with epoxy-coated reinforcing bars
Authors: Wang Xiao-Hui , Zheng Li
Published: February 2020

A series of experimental tests on reinforced concrete specimens with normal uncoated and epoxy-coated reinforcing bars (ECRBs) was carried out. A comprehensive report of the specimens, from material level to overall performance, is presented in this paper. At the material level, evaluation of the epoxy coating thickness showed that the production quality was not good. Some mechanical properties of bars with a thinner coating were better than those of their uncoated counterparts, while an increase in coating thickness offset the better mechanical properties and decreased the bond strength. Regarding durability, a comparison of the corrosion behaviour of the reinforcing bars and chloride penetration of the concrete cover in unloaded, statically-loaded and fatigue-loaded test specimens showed that higher fatigue loads and longer fatigue loading cycles decreased the corrosion resistance of the bars and increased the chloride penetration. The ultimate loads of the specimens were reduced and comparatively lower values were obtained for beams with bars with thicker coatings. The results of this work highlight the interrelationships among materials performance, durability and ultimate performance to achieve sustainable design for concrete elements with ECRBs in chloride-containing environments.
Two Manx Conversations (1948 and 1952)
Authors: Broderick George
Published: February 2020

This article contains editions and translations of two recordings of conversations between native Manx speakers from 1948 and 1952 respectively, with detailed linguistic discussion.
The Ogham Inscriptions of Scotland and Brittonic Pictish
Authors: Rodway Simon
Published: February 2020

In this paper, I examine the evidence brought forward by Katherine Forsyth in support of the hypothesis that the 'Pictish' ogham inscriptions of Scotland are linguistically Celtic. Having examined the five most promising inscriptions minutely, I conclude that they are in fact not Celtic,
and that 'Celtic-looking' sequences in them are due to coincidence. Thus, the language of this corpus of inscriptions remains unknown.
Interarticulatory Timing and Celtic Mutations
Authors: Eska Joseph F.
Published: February 2020

After providing an analysis of Celtic phonology as per the approach to phonology known as Laryngeal Realism, this paper addresses the differing realizations of the two mutations common to Goidelic and Brittonic, the first lenition and nasalization. It is proposed that differences in
interarticulatory timing between consecutive segments led to the attested differing realizations of these mutations. Some attention is also paid to the differing realizations of nasalization between Irish and Scottish Gaelic.
ANALISIS KOMPOSISI NUKLIDA BAHAN BAKAR BEKAS REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL (RDE) MENGGUNAKAN MCNPX 2.6.0
Authors: Kristina Kristina , Subekti Muhammad
Published: February 2020

ANALISIS KOMPOSISI NUKLIDA BAHAN BAKAR BEKAS REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL (RDE) MENGGUNAKAN MCNPX 2.6.0. Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) adalah reaktor nuklir yang dapat digunakan untuk pembangkit listrik, pembangkit panas dan untuk memproduksi hidrogen. Jenis bahan bakar RDE yang dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah sebuah pebble bergeometri bola yang di dalamnya terdapat 8335 TRISO berkisi simple cubic (SC). Satu buah TRISO dalam pebble mengandung 5 lapisan, dimana bahan fissile terdapat pada kernel yang merupakan lapisan paling dalam dengan kandungan UO2. Proses burnup pada MCNPX 2.6.0 dilakukan selama 90 hari pembakaran dan 10 tahun pendinginan dengan hasil energi burnup  dan keff 1,05343 untuk autofilled TRISO in pebble (ATIP) dan 1,04651 untuk organized TRISO in pebble (OTIP). Jumlah nuklida yang terkandung sebanyak 170 nuklida (14 aktinida dan 156 nonaktinida). Aktinida dengan massa terbesar ialah 238U (2,323 gram untuk ATIP dan 2,316 untuk OTIP) dan aktivitas terbesar ialah 241Pu (7,791 Ci untuk ATIP dan 7,639 Ci untuk OTIP), sedangkan nonaktinida dengan massa terbesar ialah 16O (0,6734 gram untuk ATIP dan OTIP) dan aktivitas terbesar ialah 137Cs (4,716 Ci for ATIP untuk 4,757 Ci untuk OTIP). Kesalahan relatif keff ATIP terhadap OTIP yang diperoleh sebesar 0,661%. Kesalahan relatif yang kecil ini serta geometri kompleks OTIP yang membutuhkan waktu lama untuk didesain menyebabkan ATIP lebih direkomendasi daripada OTIP.Kata kunci : Komposisi Nuklida, Pebble, Bahan Bakar Bekas, RDE, MCNPX 2.6.0.
Estimasi Laju Aliran Sirkulasi Alam Berdasarkan Beda Temperatur pada Untai FASSIP-01
Authors: Rinaldi Almadesya , Gabriella N Lovini , Giarno Giarno , Prasetio Joko , Juarsa Mulya
Published: February 2020

Penguasaan terhadap kapasitas pendinginansystem pendinging pasif dilakukan melalui penelitian di laboratorium Termohidrolika PTKRNBATAN. Untai FASSIP-01 telah dikonstruksi untuk studi fenomena sirkulasi alam. Tujuanpenelitian adalah untuk mengestimasi laju aliran sirkulasi alam berdasarkan beda temperatur dibagian heater (BCH, blanket ceramic heater) dan di bagian cooler atau WCT (water coolingtank). Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan menentukan perubahan di WCT untuk variasitemperature 10℃, 20℃, 30℃, 40℃ dan 50℃, serta perubahan temperature di BCH yaitu60℃, 70℃, 80℃, 90℃ dan 100℃. Parameter geometri Untai FASSIP-01 seperti tinggi untai600 cm, lebar untai 350 cm dan diameter pipa sebesar 2,56 cm dimasukkan dalam perhitungan.Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar perbedaan temperatur anatara BCH danWTC, maka akan semakin besar pula laju aliran air pada untai FASSIP-01. Ketika perbedaantemperatur BCH dan WTC 10˚C, laju aliran bernilai paling kecil yaitu 0,2903 m/s, sedangkanketika perbedaan temperatur BCH dan WTC 90˚C, laju aliran bernilai paling besar yaitu 1,0456m/s. Kata Kunci : laju aliran, sirkulasi alami, BCH dan WCT, temperatur, untai FASSIP-01
Analisis Deviasi Alat Ukur Laju Aliran pada Untai FASSIP-01 dan FASSIP-02
Authors: Putra Try Hutomo , Giarno Giarno , Hatmoko Sumantri , Heru K G.B. , Juarsa Mulya
Published: February 2020

Pengembangan sistem keselamatan pasif dengan mengandalkan kerja natural circulation menggunakan Untai uji FASSIP-01 dan FASSIP-02 memerlukan alat ukur dengan spesifikasi laju aliran rendah. Salah satu jenis alat ukur pendingin adalah Ultrasonic Flowmeter TUF-2000M (US-FM) yang perlu dipersiapkan untuk penggunaan pada eksperimen sistem keselamatan pasif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan deviasi pengukuran laju aliran antara US-FM dengan alat ukur lainnya. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengukur laju aliran pada Untai uji BETA menggunakan flowmeter tersebut dengan konfigurasi laju alir yang berbeda yaitu 0 - 100 LPM, 0 - 50 LPM dan 0 - 20 LPM. Hasil perbandingan pengukuran pada sensor elektromagnetik didapat nilai deviasi 6,32 % untuk konfigurasi 0 - 100 LPM, 2,12 % untuk konfigurasi 0 – 50 LPM, dan 1,16 % untuk konfigurasi 0 - 20 LPM. Data untuk melakukan karakterisasi dapat diperoleh pula ketika mengukur laju aliran dengan membaca nilai arus yang bekerja pada sensor pada flowmeter. Dari hasil karakteristika linear terhadap semua flowmeter tersebut terlihat bahwa semakin rendah formasi pengukuran maka diperoleh nilai deviasi juga semakin kecil.Kata kunci : sistem pendingin pasif, alat ukur laju aliran, deviasi, FASSIP-01, FASSIP-02
Significance of chromogranin A and synaptophysin in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Tomita Tatsuo
Published: February 2020

The two most commonly used immunohistochemical markers for neuroendocrine cells and their tumors are chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (SPY). CgA is a marker for neuroendocrine secretory granules of four pancreatic hormones and gastrin while SPY is a marker for synaptic vesicles in neuroendocrine cells, which release classic neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and others. CgA is involved in synthesis and secretion of peptide hormones through exocytosis while function of SPY is elusive. Thirty-five pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NETs) were studied, consisting of 14 insulinomas, 8 gastrinomas, 2 glucagonomas, 6 pancreatic polypeptidomas and 5 non-functioning tumors, and were immunostained for four pancreatic hormones, gastrin, CgA and SPY. Majority of Pan-NETs were less immunostained for the endocrine hormones and CgA than the normal pancreatic endocrine cells. CgA immunostaining mostly correlates with each hormone staining in non-β-cell tumors while SPY immunostaining recognizes endocrine cells diffusely in the cytoplasm. CgA immunostaining is less in insulinomas than in non-β-cell tumors, and CgA immunostaining may distinguish CgA-weaker insulinomas from CgA-stronger non-β-cell tumors. CgA immunostaining may be used as an independent marker for biological aggressiveness in non-β-cell Pan-NETs. The serum CgA levels are higher in subjects harboring non-β-cell tumors than those harboring insulinomas, and the serum CgA elevate in parallel to the increasing metastatic tumor mass. Thus, CgA positive immunostaining in Pan-NETs correlate with the elevated serum levels of CgA for diagnosing CgA-positive non-β-cell Pan-NETs and the increasing serum CgA levels indicate increasing metastatic tumor mass.
Anti-LGI1 Antibody Encephalitis Mimicking Jumping Stump Syndrome
Authors: Woo Min-Hee , Choi Jung-Won , Chung Darda , Shin Jung-Won
Published: February 2020

Jumping stump syndrome is considered to be a peripherally induced movement disorder due to damage to peripheral nerves leading to dystonia or myoclonus. Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody (anti-LGI 1 Ab) encephalitis is clinically characterized with progressive cognitive dysfunction and seizure including facial brachial dystonic seizure. We report a case of a woman with a history of intractable involuntary movement on amputated forearm diagnosed as anti-LGI 1 Ab encephalitis, mimicking symptoms of jumping stump syndrome.
Kronik Karın Ağrısı Olan Çocuklardan Alınan Gaita Örneklerinde Helicobacter Pylori Gaita Antijeni Aranması Ve Endoskobik Biyopsi Örnekleriyle Karşılaştırılması
Authors: YILMAZ Mustafa , ATMACA Suzan , ÖZERCAN İbrahim Hanifi , DOĞAN Yaşar
Published: February 2020

Amaç:
Bu çalışmada; karın ağrısı veya endoskobi endikasyonu olan çocuk hastaların
mide antrumundan alınan biyopsi örneklerinin patolojik inceleme , gaita
örneklerinde ise H.pylori antijen
varlığı araştırılarak, H.pylori kaset
testinin tanıdaki etkinliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve
Yöntem:  Çocuk Gastroenteroloji polikliniğine karın
ağrısı şikayeti ile başvuran, altı-on sekiz (6-18) yaşları arasında elli (50)
hastadan alınan gaita ve endoskobik biopsi örnekleri çalışma grubunda
değerlendirilmeye alındı. Kontrol grubuna ise esas yakınması karın ağrısı olmayan altı-on sekiz (6-18)
yaşları arasında elli (50) hastadan alınan gaita ve endoskobik biopsi örnekleri
dahil edildi. Gaita örneklerinde karteks yöntemi ile H.pylori antijeni ,
Endoskobik biopsi örneklerinde ise Giemsa boyama yöntemi ile H.pylori basili araştırıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışma grubundaki 50 hastanın 47 (%94)’sinin endoskobik
biopsi örneğinde H.pylori( Giemsa boyama ile) pozitif saptanmıştır. Aynı
hastaların 37 (%74)’sinde ise H.pylori gaita antijeni pozitif bulunmuştur. Kontrol
grubundaki 50 hastanın 14 (%28)’ünün endoskobik biopsi örneğinde H.pylori
pozitif bulunurken, aynı hastaların 3 (%6)’ünde H.pylori gaita antijeni saptanmıştır.
 Çalışma ve kontrol grubu arsındaki
fark istatistiksel olarak (p<0.05) anlamlı bulunmuştur (p=0.000).

Sonuç:
Çalışmada kullandığımız H.pylori gaita antijeni taramasının invaziv olmaması,
ucuz , kolay uygulanabilir  ve patolojik
incelemeye yakın duyarlılıkta pozitif sonuç vermesi açısından H.pylori tespitinde
kullanılmasının uygun olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.
América Latina - entre heróis e carnavais: o Laberinto e a Carroza de Simón Bolívar
Authors: Dorado Mendez Hugo Eliecer
Published: February 2020

este trabajo visa construir un análisis crítico de las obras El General en su laberinto (1989) y La carroza de Bolívar (2012) sobre la luz de las teorías literarias contemporáneas. Partimos de la hipótesis de que las obras, por medio de determinadas estrategias escriturales y discursivas deconstruccionistas, proyectan, en la tesitura narrativa, dos nuevos paradigmas alrededor de la figura del General: la redimensionalización en el plano heroico de un Bolívar humanizado y latinoamericanizado en El general; y la deconstrucción total de ese perfil sublime a partir de la carnavalización y de la parodia en La carroza.
Ediciones Espiral y Editorial Iqueima (1944-1975): una apues-ta por la literatura
Authors: Agudelo Ochoa Ana María
Published: February 2020

este artículo estudia el proyecto cultural liderado por el exiliado español afincado en Bogotá Clemente Airó, proyecto conformado por dos sellos editoriales y una revista. Ambas editoriales, Ediciones Espiral y Editorial Iqueima, juegan un papel clave en la dinamización de los campos literario y editorial colombianos hacia mediados del siglo xx. La revisión de los respectivos catálogos permite verificar una apuesta decidida por la literatura, específicamente por la novela y la poesía.
Why faith makes sense: On Graham Ward’s Unbelievable
Authors: Delport Khegan M
Published: February 2020

Ward’s recent volume on the entwining of belief and perception, while not being an explicitly theological monograph, nonetheless evinces a subtle texture that displays his continuing fidelity to certain aspects of Radical Orthodoxy’s vision. (Ward, Graham 2013. Unbelievable: Why We Believe and Why We Don’t. London and New York: I. B. Tauris; ISBN: 971780767352) This can be seen in its interdisciplinary focus and its rejection of dualistic philosophies (including the supposed divisions between the sacred and the secular, nature and grace, transcendence and immanence, visibility and invisibility). He argues for the ultimate ‘fittingness’ between mind and world, thereby rejecting any representationalist account of this relation. Viewing the practices of belief within a re-telling of evolutionary history and phenomenological accounts of perception, Ward seeks to show the pervasiveness of dispositional beliefs within all worldly interactions. Consequentially, ‘belief’ cannot therefore be relegated to an epiphenomenal or lesser form of knowing, since all seeing is a seeing-as, with the result being that it is imbued with the valences of affect and valuation. Religious faith then is simply a deepening of the logic that is already present within ordinary modes of finite engagement, and therefore should not be seen as an ‘unnatural’ intervention within the realm of human culture. Overall then, this work can be summarized as an apologetic for the rationality of belief in our ‘secularized’ societies, and furthermore, for the constitutive role of belief and faith for sensibility as such.
Augustine Shutte’s autobiographical account of his Christian theology
Authors: Giddy Patrick
Published: February 2020

Before his death in May this year (2016) Augustine Shutte wrote an “autobiographical account” of a selection of his theology papers that situates his writings within his public involvement in church and society – seminary, academy, the Catholic Church, African culture, a thought-world of science and secularity. The account also documents a pattern of development in his understanding of Christian faith that arises out of this involvement. As such the narrative constitutes a theological reflection on God’s self-communication in Jesus in the context of doctrinal formulations and traditional church practices that cry out for rethinking. The influence of Karl Rahner is evident throughout but his narrative also acknowledges his two formative teachers, at Stellenbosch and UCT, as his theology as a whole can be seen as an exercise in secularisation (Johan Degenaar) through a truly personal and existential appropriation of our Christian heritage (Martin Versfeld). The narrative is introduced by myself through a brief account of its author and of the genesis of the article.
God’s absence as characteristic of faith: Implicit religion and Edward Bailey (1935–2015)
Authors: Lombaard Christo
Published: February 2020

In this article, an analysis is provided of the concept of implicit religion as it was employed in the work of Edward Bailey. The methodology of implicit religion will be characterised and illustrated, also comparatively with brief reference to somewhat related matters in theology and in the social sciences. In broadest scope here, the concept of implicit religion is placed within post-secular context.
The changing understanding of the Eucharist among the Kikuyu communicants of the Thika Diocese in the Anglican Church of Kenya
Authors: Kiarie George , Joshua Stephen Muoki
Published: February 2020

This article is set out to explicate the changing understanding of the Eucharist among the Kikuyu communicants in the diocese of Thika since its introduction by the Anglican missionaries. The concept of Athomi, literally rendered as “leaners”, ascribed communicants the attributes of continuing Christian learners full of spiritual expectation in the holy communion sacrament. These days however, that “unique thing” is absent as the service is invaded by “the wrong people” with “mud”. The article is informed by qualitative data collected among the members and clerics of Thika Diocese in the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK). It argues that the changing perception of the Eucharist by communicants of Thika diocese is largely influenced by Kikuyu’s incarnation of the meal elements, the manner in which the meal is administered, the preparation of the communicants and the teachings on the subject by clerics. Informed by the incarnation theory, the article further argues that there is a need for an ideological shift in the diocese so that the Eucharist is not merely perceived as affecting the social relationships and individual identity but more so the spiritual wellbeing as a means of conveying God’s grace.
The mirage of “Rainbowism” within the nightmare of #MustFall campaigns. Exploring the penetrating hermeneutics of compassionate being-with against the background of decolonising activism and xenophobic suspicion
Authors: Louw Daniël
Published: February 2020

Decolonising activism in South African is currently oscillating between social disillusionment (disillusionment about the ability to create a new South Africa by means of Constitutional Justice after twenty-two years of hope for a better life for all) and existential pain (internalised anger resulting from experiences of rejection and humiliating oppression). #MustFall campaigns have become vehicles for the expression of unarticulated feelings of inferiority, suppressed anger and cultural exclusion. It also reveals signs of new forms of racism and increasing exponents of black-white polarisation and xenophobic suspicion. The latter should not be interpreted merely in terms of local modes of radicalization and upcoming modes of political populism, but also against the background of new, global forms of “fear for the other” as expressed in the refugee paranoia and migrant crisis. It becomes a burning pastoral question for communities of faith how to penetrate the bottom line of a possible political cul de sac and cultural intolerance. The question is posed: What is meant by an ecclesial approach within the bleak situation of no-solution-at-all? Instead of a pessimistic retrotopia (back to the past) (Zygmunt Bauman) or an optimistic utopia (the pursuit of happiness in affluent societal projections), the perichoresis of compassionate being-with is explored within the theological parameters of oiktirmos, rḥm, ḥnn and pathē. It is argued that a pastoral mode of hospitable presence should be implied in order to penetrate the danger of a complete xenophobic deadlock in civil society.
Amidst tongues tearing apart and lying lips, God of and for the oppressed: Casting an African gaze at Psalm 12
Authors: Masenya Madipoane
Published: February 2020

If there is any piece of literature that seems to be time-less, allowing each reader from different cultural contexts and time periods to break through it, it is the Psalter. Also, the struggle by the scholars to lay handle on the origins of the individual lament/complaint psalms may prove affirming to those, who on account of their marginal status, could be “barred” from reading the psalms informed by their own marginal status. Psalm 12 seems to defy clear categorization both as an individual or a communal lament. Like others, it is a psalm that critiques the abusive use of the human organs that enable speech that is, the tongue and the lips. Particularly when the preceding organs are used by the powerful (read: the rich) to despoil the poor and needy, YHWH, the God, of and for the oppressed gets roused and acts in their favour! If re-read African-consciously, what kind of reading may Psalm 12 yield?
Syncretism and inculturation in the Nso’ context of Cameroon
Authors: Nyuyki Peter Siysi , Van Niekerk Attie
Published: February 2020

This article gives a brief history and meaning of the terms syncretism and inculturation. The article highlights the fact that over the centuries Christianity has wrestled with syncretism. Following Lamin Sanneh (1989) the authors discuss three styles Christianity has employed in engaging cultures with the Gospel. The three styles are: quarantine, syncretist, and reform. The article draws examples from the history of missions to illustrate how this went on; showing what happened when Christianity engaged the Jewish community and the Greco-Roman world. The article argues that inculturation is not “everything goes”. Using the Nso’ context of Cameroon, the authors critique inculturation which leads to syncretism and suggest holistic “translatability” and holistic “critical contextualisation” as a way out.
Probing the “global Reformed Christ” of Nico Koopman: An African-Kairos perspective
Authors: Urbaniak Jakub
Published: February 2020

This study seeks to probe Nico Koopman’s Christological approach through the lens of the theological framework spelled out in the Kairos Document (1985), and in particular its understandings of church theology and prophetic theology, critically re-appropriated in the current socioeconomic context of South Africa. Four essential aspects of Koopman’s Christological perspective are examined: (1) the Reformed view of the lordship of Christ as the basis for the public vocation of theology; (2) Trinitarian and Christological foundations of human dignity; (3) Jesus as the epitome of divine and human vulnerability, and (4) the organic connection between the threefold office of Christ and the public calling of the church. In conclusion, I argue that Koopman’s Christ, albeit displaying an African veneer, upon scrutiny, appears to be unfamiliar with and unconcerned about the problems faced by most South Africans today, and thereby fails to constructively engage with African (especially black African) contexts of our day. This is due to four major factors, namely (a) Koopman’s choices regarding theological references; (b) his cursory and un-nuanced treatment of African theological notions; (c) his a-pathetic mode of theologising; and (d) his inability (or lack of willingness) to engage with structural (especially macro-economic) issues. I further suggest that my conclusions concerning Koopman’s “global Reformed Christ” may be (at least tentatively) extrapolated into a number of approaches developed by South African theologians under the umbrella of “public theology”. I also point to some promising (prophetically-loaded) insights coming from the chosen public theologians, including Koopman himself, as a way of illustrating the tension between civic spirit and public anger, inherent in this mode of theologising.
The future of the church – a forgotten article of Oepke Noordmans
Authors: Van de Beek Abraham
Published: February 2020

An English translation of a recovered article by the Dutch theologian Oepke Noordmans, Kerk en Toekomst (Church and future) is presented. The relevance of this article for the present context, especially in South Africa, is discussed against the background of Noordmans’ theology. Noordmans is not concerned about the future of the church (which in the final analysis is not meant to last forever), but calls for participation in the Kingdom of God. Noordmans’ theology is highly critical of tendencies in churches to escape from hard reality and responsibilities (Noordmans calls this weak ascesis), or to claim easily manageable solutions. He calls for a more critical attitude in accordance with the eschatological call of the Kingdom, and for a closer unity of human beings as fallible people who are united because they share a life at the foot of the cross (strong ascesis).
The boundaries of transitional justice Jean Améry and Johan Degenaar on the tension between survival and justice
Authors: De Wit Theo
Published: February 2020

What can political philosophy, interested in the field of ‘transitional justice’ learn from dissident voices in states who try to define their future while dealing with a past where human rights were severely violated? In this article I discuss Jean Améry’s reflections on Germany’s handling of their national socialistic past and compare that with texts of the South African philosopher Johan Degenaar. My premise will be that with regard to a central point, Améry and Degenaar’s reflections on their nations’ respective political choices display a strong resemblance: both resisted the notion of the priority of the (quasi-) natural survival of the nation over the sake of justice. But I will indicate also that the resistance of Améry and Degenaar was partly in vain: mainly, survival triumphed over justice in both cases. This indicates the lasting meaning of ‘anamnestic reason’, a conscious, critical remembrance of the past.
The progressive Pentecostal conception of development within an African context of poverty
Authors: Kakwata Frederick
Published: February 2020

This article, as literary study, is placed within the framework of a qualitative content analysis and deductive approach. It seeks to explore the progressive Pentecostal conception of development in a sub-Saharan African context of poverty. This investigation is based on ethnographic studies conducted in different parts of Africa. The study also aims to analyse the notion of evil spirits’ work in relation to poverty and underdevelopment. These notions are raised by the new conception of development. It is argued that Western development theories implemented in Africa failed miserably to clarify the problem of poverty and underdevelopment. In the midst of crises and despair, a new trend of Pentecostalism emerged that promotes a completely new conception of development, which has a spiritual focus. The latter resonates strongly with the African worldview, reflects the biblical truth, and demonstrates that the ultimate cause of poverty is fundamentally spiritual, which implies the solution should be similar. Therefore, recent studies reveal that the movement has had more success in addressing poverty than the strategies of NGOs. However, this success is limited to an individual level. This means the structural problem responsible for the impoverishment of the masses in Africa is not dealt with directly. In this regard, an all-inclusive focus is needed that could pave the way to sustainable social and economic change in Africa.
‘Glocal’ and integrated churches within a practical theological imagination of ‘home away from home’: towards a ministry of migrants and refugees in diaspora
Authors: Magezi Vhumani
Published: February 2020

Migration has become a major global challenge in recent years. Host countries’ responses to migrants are varied – some accommodate and integrate migrants, others are apathetic, and migrants face exclusion and violent rejection. This suggests that host countries have developed mechanisms to cope with the challenges posed by migrants. Migrants have also developed systems to mitigate the impact of the challenges they encounter, such as the establishment of churches in their host countries. These churches may be referred to as ‘glocal churches’. In view of this, this article considers a practical theological imagination of ‘home away from home’ as a migrant-theological and ministry-informing approach and draws on the theological notion that all humans are foreigners (or migrants – homo viator) in whichever life spaces they exist. This study argues that this approach provides a crucial nexus and challenge for church ministry integration in contexts of migration and challenges countries to be hospitable based on Imago Dei (theology) and human dignity (human rights) principles. It is argued that maintained Imago Dei and human dignity provide a critical link between churches and a nation. Furthermore, the notions of ‘inclusiveness’ for host people and ‘home away from final eschatological home’ for migrants provide a practical theological imagination that challenge a host country’s citizens to positively consider migrants and migrants to avoid self-exclusion practices and establish integrated churches and communities.
A department under siege: How Philosophy at Stellenbosch was split in order to survive
Authors: Van Niekerk Anton A
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the extraordinary history of the teaching of philosophy at Stellenbosch University, with a particular focus on the events that led to the split of the department in 1967, and its later reunification in the late 1980’s. The tensions that characterised these events, ultimately leading to the split of the department, were informed by resistance on the part of the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) clergy, embodied by the supervisory body (‘kuratorium’) presiding over what would later become the faculty of theology of the Stellenbosch University, to the seemingly unorthodox and controversial interpretations of religious doctrine by a lecturer within the department of philosophy, Dr JJ Degenaar. The eventual solution to these differences was the initial creation of two ‘streams’ in the department of philosophy, one of which would be political philosophy taught by Degenaar, and ultimately the creation of a separate department of political philosophy, headed by Degenaar. The article also deals with the process of re-unification of the two departments in the late 1980’s. Several insights can be gleaned from an analysis of these events. Firstly, they reveal the extent to which the DRC curatory was able to influence academic affairs at that time, as well as to the extent to which Stellenbosch University allowed its institutional autonomy to be compromised. Secondly, they show how a certain model of religious experience and faith that was quite prominent in DRC circles in the late nineteenth century, was systematically overtaken by another model in the course of the early twentieth century. Finally, they show that within the two departments, a healthy culture of not only respect and collegiality, but also continued philosophical and political debate, was maintained throughout the 20 years of formal (30 years of effective) separation, thus illustrating the value of dialogue over intellectual immobility.
Die boodskap van die kruis as die middelpunt van Pauliniese teologie
Authors: Zumstein Jean
Published: February 2020

Within early Christianity Paul of Tarsus is a representative of the kerygmatic tradition in which Christ’s death and resurrection are viewed as the central event of salvation. In this sense he adopts the traditional interpretations of Jesus’ death. However, he also reverses traditional hermeneutics by suggesting a new reading of Christ’s death, called ‘theology of the cross’. This innovative interpretation considers the cross as the exclusive locus of God’s revelation, his judgment and salvation. This way of interpreting forms the structural backbone of Pauline theology.