bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volatile organic compound analysis as advanced technology to detect seed quality in groundnut
Authors: Chinnasamy G. P. , Sundareswaran S. , Subramaniyan K. S. , Raja K. , Renganayaki P. R. , Marimuthu S.
Published: September 2022

An experiment was conducted to profiling the volatile organic compounds emitted from groundnut seeds during storage and also to assess the volatiles emission level during seed deterioration. Volatile organic compounds profiling of stored groundnut seeds was done through GC-MS at monthly intervals. The results showed that several volatile compounds were released from stored groundnut seeds and all the compounds are falling into eight major groups viz., alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, alkanes, alkenes, ketones and ethers. The study clearly demonstrated the influence of volatile organic compounds emission level on physiological and biochemical properties during storage. There was a significant decrease in physiological and biochemical quality attributes noted due to an increase in the strength of volatiles released during ageing. When the release of total volatile strength reached more than 50%, a significant reduction in physiological attributes such as germination, root and shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were observed. With respect to biochemical properties, a significant increase in electrical conductivity of seed leachate, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase activity, and a decrease in dehydrogenase, catalase and peroxidase activities were observed. However, the highest reduction in all these properties was recorded when the total volatile strength reached 92.72%. The study concluded that the volatiles released during seed deterioration could be considered the signature components for detecting the seed quality during storage.
Impact of elevated temperature on root traits and microbial interaction in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes
Authors: Suneel D. , Vincent S. , Prasad V. Babu Rajendra , Anandham R. , Raveendran M. , Rajeeswari S.
Published: September 2022

Climate change mainly alters the plant phyllosphere and rhizosphere resource allocations. Compared with shoot parameters, there is less information about how roots, especially root system architecture (RSA) and their interactions with others, may respond to elevated temperature changes. These responses could greatly influence different species acquisition of resources and their competition with their neighbours. The main aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of ambient temperature (T1) and elevated temperature (+4oC) (T2) in Open-top chamber (OTC) on root traits and microbial interaction changes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A pot experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during 2020-2021 to investigate the root traits and microbial interactions. Cotton varieties, namely KC3, SVPR6, TSH325, TSH357 and TSH375 were screened at the seedling level for cellular thermo tolerance and further, at the root level, these selected varieties were studied against the elevated temperature condition for 10 days in OTC during the stage of flowering to boll development period along with control temperature condition. Root interactions' intensity and direction may fluctuate as a result of variations in RSA responses between species. Negative root interactions could become more intense under high temperature circumstances and species with bigger roots and greater early root growth had stronger competitive advantages. The present findings showed that elevated temperatures promote various microbial growths in the geothermal regions, enhancing the root angle and root length of cotton species. Among the genotypes, KC3 and SVPR6 performed better under elevated temperatures.
Management of powdery mildew and aphid in organically grown Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) through different oils
Authors: Viradiya J. S. , Gangwar G. P.
Published: September 2022

All the cultivated Brassica species exhibited powdery mildew severity with highest (43.2%) on Brassica juncea followed by B. rapa (28.0%) which is widely cultivated in India. Yield losses from 10-90 per cent with reduction in 6.47 per cent oil content have been estimated from different Brassica species. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate different oils to manage powdery mildew disease and aphids in an organically grown mustard crop. Five oils (castor, groundnut, sunflower, neem and mustard oil) and ghee were evaluated against powdery mildew (Erysiphae cruciferarum) and aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Castor oil 50 EC, neem oil 50 EC and mustard oil 50 EC and deshi ghee 50 EC (@ 100 ml/10 litre water) were effective over untreated control in reducing  powdery mildew disease severity when applied as foliar spray (@ 5 ml/litre) in the experiment carried out in organic field (plot No. B-2 at Agronomy Instruction Farm, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar). Maximum reduction in germinated conidia (66.0%) over control, disease severity (50.0%), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values (51.8%) and maximum increase over control in 1000 seed weight (16.7%) and seed yield (10.3%) was observed with neem oil. This was followed by the application of ghee which exhibited reduced disease severity (22.9%) and AUDPC values (30.6%) and increased seed yield (8.1%) and the application of castor oil 50 EC which exhibited an increased in seed yield (8.0%) and reduced powdery mildew severity (20.8%). Shortest log phase was observed with neem oil during 10th std. week. All the oils tested (castor, groundnut, sunflower, neem and mustard oil) and deshi ghee were effective in reducing aphid population (39.5 to 65.9%) and damage index (6.1 to 25.1%). A maximum reduction in aphid population (65.9%) over control and lowest aphid damage index (3.70) was observed with neem oil 50 EC 6 days after 2nd spray. Application of neem oil, castor oil and deshi ghee resulted in increased seed yield (8.1 to 10.4%). This information could be useful in devising strategies for powdery mildew and aphid management in organic cultivation, eco-friendly management and IPM of mustard.
Effects of land-use change on the volume of water flow into the Mun Bon reservoir in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand
Authors: Sinworn Surachat , Viriyawattana Nuttabodee
Published: September 2022

The land-use patterns in watershed areas in the Chorakhe Hin Sub-district, Khon Buri District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, have been found to change from forest areas. Different agricultural areas cause variations in the amount of water that flows from the stream into the reservoir, potentially leading to future water shortages. This study was conducted to explore the effects of land-use change on the volume of water flow into the Mun Bon Reservoir, Chorakhe Hin Sub-district, Khon Buri District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The model analysis techniques, namely Markov’s Chain CLUES and SWAT, were employed to predict the effects of land-use patterns in the area of the upper Mun River on the volume of water flow into the Mun Bon reservoir. According to the predictions obtained based on the land-use models, forest areas may be converted into cassava plantations by 2029. When the comparative effects were considered, the normal volume of water flowing into the Mun Bon reservoir was found to be equivalent to 96 million cubic meter per year. The predicted volume before Christ (A.D.) 2029 is 30 million cubic meter. Accordingly, the water volume in the Mun Bon reservoir would be lower than that derived from the usual land-use patterns.
Biochemical assessment of renal function and its correlation with iron overloading in different variants of thalassemia
Authors: Bhowad Shruti , Samant Parineeta , Seth Bageshree
Published: September 2022

Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder characterised by changes in organ function and iron overload resulting from multiple blood transfusions, inefficient erythropoiesis, and increased gastrointestinal iron absorption. This study aimed to compare and correlate renal function tests with blood transfusion frequency, annual blood requirement, and ferritin levels in patients with Thalassemia Major, Intermedia, and Minor. Fifty blood samples were collected from each clinically diagnosed patient with thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor at MGM Hospital in Navi Mumbai for complete blood count estimates, serum ferritin, and renal function tests. The frequency of blood transfusions and the annual blood requirement was recorded. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship. SPSS Software was used to tabulate and process patient data. A p-value of less than 0.001 was regarded as significant. This study included both male (64) and female (84) participants. The major, intermedia, and minor serum ferritin levels were 2212.5 ug/L, 1643 ug/L, and 53.55 ug/L, respectively. Serum creatinine and sodium levels in thalassemia major (27.41 ± 5.31umol/L, 128.02± 4.56 mmol/L, respectively)  and intermedia (36.25 ± 6.19 umol/L, 128.96± 4.39 mmol/L respectively) decreased as the frequency of transfusion and serum ferritin level increased. Uric acid levels (361.64 ± 64.83 umol/L) were higher in patients with thalassemia intermedia. Transfusion therapy, required for Major and Intermedia, increases iron overload, which harms organ function and quality of life. Early detection and genetic counselling are necessary for proper thalassemia management.
Dysfunctions of liver and behavioural disorders of females rats suffering from malnutrition: Physiological and histological information as a model of animal anorexia nervosa disease
Authors: Chabuk Halla Abdul-Hadi
Published: September 2022

Anorexia nervosa disease is an eating deficiency that occurs around 1 per 100 individuals. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of malnutrition (animal anorexia nervosa models) via removing certain elements from food on liver functions and behaviours of female rats. Eighteen Females of rats were divided into three groups: Control, in which food intake quantity was 25 g /day, moderately food-restricted Group, in which food intake quantity was 15 g /day, and severe food-restricted Group, in which food intake quantity was 5 g /day, for 90 days. Physiological parameters, liver histopathological analysis, and the behaviour measurement by multiple T maze tests were examined. All food-restricted groups observed a significant increase (p<0.05) in aminotransferase, Malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Antioxidant activity, acid phosphatase, hepatic protein, glycogen and serotonin levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in all food-restricted groups. The hyperactivity behaviour appeared as a feature of restricted rats. Histopathological examinations indicated a marked alteration in the hepatocyte with features of autophagy in the restricted Group. Food-restriction (animal anorexia nervosa model) in rats caused disorders in hepatic aminotransferase and serotonin levels and antioxidant activity in addition to hyperactivity behaviours with changes in the liver histological structure in the restricted Group. The study focused on the effect deficiency in essential nutrients needed by the body may have side effects on liver functions and behavioural activity of the animals linked with food searching was measured by multiple T maze tests.
Assessment of rice (Co 51) seed ageing through volatile organic compound analysis using Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction/ Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME/GCMS)
Authors: Chinnasamy G. P. , Sundareswaran S. , Subramaniyan K. S. , Raja K. , Renganayaki P. R. , Marimuthu S. , Pradeep D.
Published: September 2022

Seed ageing is an inevitable process that reduces seed quality during storage. When seeds deteriorate as a result of the lipid peroxidation process, it leads to produce toxic volatile organic compounds. These volatiles served as an indicator for the viability of stored seeds. With this background, the study was conducted to profile the volatile organic compounds emitted from rice seeds during storage. Volatile profiling of stored rice var. Co 51 seeds was done through Headspace-Solid phase microextraction/ Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GCMS). The study clearly demonstrated that the significant decrease in physiological and biochemical quality attributes was noted due to an increase in the strength of volatiles released during ageing. When the release of total volatile strength reached more than 40%, a significant reduction in physiological attributes such as germination, root and shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were observed. With respect to biochemical properties, a significant increase in electrical conductivity of seed leachate, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase activity, and decrease in dehydrogenase, catalase and peroxidase activities were observed. However, the highest reduction in all these properties were recorded when the total volatile strength reached to 54.90%. Finally, the study concluded that, among all the volatiles, 1-hexanol, 1-butanol, ethanol, hexanal, acetic acid, hexanoic acid and methyl ester were the most closely associated volatiles with seed deterioration. It indicates that these components could be considered the signature components for assessing the seed quality in rice during storage.
Fungal communities in soils under global change
Authors: Baldrian P. , Bell-Dereske L. , Lepinay C. , Větrovský T. , Kohout P.
Published: September 2022

Soil fungi play indispensable roles in all ecosystems including the recycling of organic matter and interactions with plants, both as symbionts and pathogens. Past observations and experimental manipulations indicate that projected global change effects, including the increase of CO2
concentration, temperature, change of precipitation and nitrogen (N) deposition, affect fungal species and communities in soils. Although the observed effects depend on the size and duration of change and reflect local conditions, increased N deposition seems to have the most profound effect
on fungal communities. The plant-mutualistic fungal guilds – ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi – appear to be especially responsive to global change factors with N deposition and warming seemingly having the strongest adverse effects. While global change effects
on fungal biodiversity seem to be limited, multiple studies demonstrate increases in abundance and dispersal of plant pathogenic fungi. Additionally, ecosystems weakened by global change-induced phenomena, such as drought, are more vulnerable to pathogen outbreaks. The shift from mutualistic
fungi to plant pathogens is likely the largest potential threat for the future functioning of natural and managed ecosystems. However, our ability to predict global change effects on fungi is still insufficient and requires further experimental work and long-term observations.
Dasar Pemikiran Moneter Dalam Sistem Keuangan Islam
Authors: farida Puspa
Published: September 2022

Dasar pemikiran Terciptanya stabilitas permintaan uang dan mengarahkannya pada tujuan yang penting dan produktif.
Differential expression of TXNIP in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of TXNIP, encoding thioredoxin interacting protein, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. TXNIP was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. TXNIP transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Natural Language Processing and its Application in Transfer Learning
Authors: Ronald Elmegaal , Saleh MirJlil
Published: September 2022

Natural Language Processing and its Application in TransferLearning
Differential expression of LGALS3 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of LGALS3, encoding lectin, galactoside binding soluble 3, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. LGALS3 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. LGALS3 transcript was present at higher levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Effect of COVI-soup on CD4 Cell Count, Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure, Haemoglobin and Nutrition Status among Patients with Diabetes Type II and Hypertension in Kakamega County, Kenya: Protocol of A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Caleb Sagam , Kivelenge Antonette , Olayo Rose , Mutai Charles , Wesonga Benard , Mutuli Lucy , Wanjala Christine , Situma Jane
Published: September 2022

Diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension diseases are part of the obstacles that the world faces in achieving sustainable development goals. cases of diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension diseases in low and middle-income countries are increasingly becoming a concern. Currently, diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension kills about 1.6 and 7.6 million people respectively in the world. However, while there have been numerous strategies to address the issue, these efforts have not been sufficient to guarantee a reduction in illness severity. The primary goal of this study is to determine the impact of Covi soup on the health and nutritional condition of people with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This study will be an experimental study conducted in Kakamega County. It will employ a clinical control trial approach, with two groups; treatment and control. Simple randomization will be used. A sample size of 35 (treatment group) and 35 (control group) will be used to yield quantitative data. The treatment group will receive Covi soup while the control group will be on a placebo (rice soup). Data will be analysed using SPSS version 20. Paired student t-test will be used to assess the effect of Covi soup on the respondents' health and nutrition status. Data will be presented in graphs, pie charts, and tables. This study intends to fill gaps in community management of diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension diseases.
A Study on Distribution and Association of CD320, a Receptor for Active Vitamin B12, in Pregnant Mothers and their Newborns Cord Blood
Authors: Surekha M. V. , S Gadhiraju , Satyanarayana K. , Kumar Putcha Uday
Published: September 2022

Objective: Our objective was to study the levels and relation between CD320 receptors in anaemic mothers in their last trimester of pregnancy and their newborns after birth. Methods: Association between CD320, VitB12, active B12 levels in mothers with anaemia were analysed before they underwent labor and in blood collected from their newborns after labor. Regression analysis was performed in order to assess the relation between the mothers and their neonatal vitamin CD320 levels in relation to their Vit B12 status. Results: Among the 200 pregnant mothers recruited, 59% were anaemic. CD320 levels were significantly higher in anaemic mothers (414.09 ±10.75 pg/ml) when compared with cord blood (372.25 ± 7.81 pg/ml). CD320 levels were higher in both mother and cord blood with Vit B12 deficiency, however, were lower in mothers with active B12 deficiency. CD320 levels in cord blood were positively associated with haemoglobin (r value 0.8, p value 0.42) of mothers and negatively with serum folate (r value -0.15; p value 0.23), Vit B12(r value -0.21; p value0.28) and active Vit B12 levels (r value -0.25; p value0.03) in mothers. Conclusion: CD320 levels in cord blood positively correlated with haemoglobin of mothers and negatively with folic acid and B12 status. A negative trend (p=0.0024) was observed between maternal and neonatal CD320 levels.
Goal Progress Velocity as a Determinant of Shortcut Behaviors
Authors: Phan Vincent , Nishioka Midori , Beck James W. , Scholer Abigail
Published: September 2022

Employees often have a great deal of work to accomplish within stringent deadlines. Therefore, employees may engage in shortcut behaviors, which involve eschewing standard procedures during goal pursuit to save time. However, shortcuts can lead to negative consequences such as poor-quality work, accidents, and even large-scale disasters. Despite these implications, few studies have investigated the antecedents of shortcut behaviors. In this research, we propose that employees engage in shortcut behaviors to regulate their velocity (i.e., rate of progress). Specifically, we predict that when individuals experience slower-than-referent velocity, they will (a) believe that the goal is unlikely to be met via standard procedures and (b) experience feelings of frustration. In turn, we expect these psychological states to be related to the perceived utility of shortcuts, especially when shortcuts are perceived as viable means to achieve the goal. Finally, we predict that the perceived utility of shortcuts will be positively related to actual shortcut behaviors. We tested these predictions using a laboratory experiment in which we manipulated velocity and unobtrusively observed shortcuts (Study 1, N = 147), as well as a daily diary study in which employees reported their velocity and shortcut behaviors over 5 consecutive workdays (Study 2, N = 395). Both studies provided support for our predictions. In sum, this research provides evidence to suggest that the experience of slow progress can lead to shortcuts not only by casting doubt on employees’ perceived likelihood of meeting the goal but also by producing feelings of frustration.
Culturally Fluent Theories, Metascience and Scientific Progress: A Case Example
Authors: Oyserman Daphna
Published: September 2022

Some ideas just feel right, others not so much. Familiar ideas are easier to process, seem to enjoy broad support, and are more likely to be accepted. Culture-based familiarity with the gist of an idea enhances the sense that things are as they ought to be. An idea’s cultural fluency reduces the likelihood that people apply systematic rule-based reasoning strategies even when these would be appropriate. People shift to more skeptical reasoning strategies when ideas are unfamiliar and do not fit culture-based assumptions. This commentary applies a cultural fluency lens and a set of metascience principles to compare the meta-analytic syntheses of growth mindset interventions by Macnamara and Burgoyne (2022) and Burnette et al. (2022). In doing so, the commentary raises more fundamental questions about the relationship between theoretical claims, their popular acceptance, and the demanded level of evidence.
Women Empowerment through Self Help Groups: A Case Study of Village Cheniyali Sera, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand
Authors: Chandna Vaneeta , Chaudhary Sambhawna , Hasija Anupama
Published: September 2022

Karl expresses, “Empowerment is a process of awareness and capacity building leading to greater participation; to greater decision-making power and control and to transformation action”. He explained women empowerment as is a systematic process as they are important part of every household hence awareness and confidence are created among them. Women think themselves as the last person therefore capacity building is done so that they participate in every family matter and have control over all the situations they face in work places and at social places. When talking about women empowerment it can be defined as “Empowerment is a process by which women has full control of their life by being capable of making their own decision”. Self Help Group with the help of Microfinance is used as a tool to alleviate women status not only financially but also socially and economically. A study was conducted in village Cheniyali Sera in four Self Help Groups namely, Jai Nagrajan, Khadhya Suraksha, BhairavDevta and Nag Devta. Information was collected from all the women respondents and then analyzed. It is observed that there is a positive transformation in the life of women after being a part of the Self-Help Group.
TÜRKİYE’DE İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ BAKIMINDAN DENETİM “2010-2018 YILLARINA İLİŞKİN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”
Authors: DERİN Hakan , ŞAHİN Levent
Published: September 2022

Effective supervision of workplaces in terms of occupational health and safety contributes significantly to the prevention of occupational accidents in many developed countries. The Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331, which entered into force in 2012 in Turkey, brought obligations to employers and employees on the subject. However, the extent to which employers and employees fulfill their responsibilities arising from the Law and related Regulations has often had to be left to the initiative of the parties, due to the insufficient number of occupational health and safety inspections carried out by the Guidance and Inspection Board. One of the important reasons why the occupational health and safety policies implemented in line with the ILO conventions and EU directives in Turkey cannot achieve the desired success in practice is the insufficient number of occupational health and safety inspections carried out in enterprises. In this study, first of all, the general view of work accidents in Turkey, work accidents occurring in risky sectors over the years and deaths as a result of work accidents will be examined. Afterwards, evaluations will be made by the Presidency of the Guidance and Inspection Board by including the number of inspections carried out in the workplaces over the years. Keywords: Occupational Accidents, Occupational Safety, Occupational Health and Safety Audit
Entrepreneurs of Identity: The Islamic State’s Symbolic Repertoire
Authors: Günther Christoph
Published: September 2022

Describing the Islamic State’s ideologues as ‘entrepreneurs of identity’, this book explores how the group defined categories of social identity and used them as tools of communicative and cognitive structuring. Based on a wide dossier of original texts, speeches, images, and videos, the book examines how these ideologues have built a symbolic repertoire around the black flag as well as ideas and social practices such as the dictum to command good and forbid wrong, the supervision of public behaviour, and the oath of allegiance to the Caliph.
ANALYSIS OF β-SITOSTEROL IN SUPPLEMENT USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
Authors: K. Khonsa  , Setyaningrum D. L. , Saputro A. H. , T. Amelia  , S. Ibrahim  , S. Damayanti
Published: September 2022

β-sitosterol is one phytosterol commonly found in plant membranes. It has been reported to have many potential benefits such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities. Various nutraceutical supplements containing β-sitosterol are marketed worldwide. The claim regarding health benefits is used on the label of the supplement, so quality control is needed to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of these products. Hence, this study aimed to develop and validate a simple and reliable HPLC method for the determination of β-sitosterol in supplements. The method utilizes an LC Column 150 x 4.6 mm Phenomenex with isocratic elution of methanol and acetonitrile (90: 10 v/v). An effluent flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and UV detection at 202 nm was used for the analysis of β-sitosterol. A validated HPLC method has been developed and used for the quantification of β-sitosterol. The developed method has high precision and accuracy, with a rapid sample preparation procedure and short analysis time, which is suitable for quality control of β-sitosterol in various supplements.
EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION CONDITION ON EXTRACTED CURCUMIN FROM Curcuma xanthorrhiza RHIZOME: A METAANALYSIS
Authors: L. Ambarsari  , P. Widowati  , I. M. Artika  , Galingging Ronny Yuniar , W. Nurcholis
Published: September 2022

Curcumin is a chemical found in the Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome that has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, it is unknown whether the extraction conditions have a significant effect on the extracted curcumin from C. xanthorrhiza. In this research, the effects of extraction conditions (i.e., particle size, extraction solvents, and extraction methods) on curcumin content from C. xanthorrhiza rhizome were studied by doing a meta-analysis. An article search was performed in ScienceDirect, Garuda Portal, Google Scholar, and the IPB Repository database. Research data produced during the identification and selection phases were then classified, processed, and entered into the metaanalysis statistical program and then analyzed. The maximum curcumin was obtained using extraction conditions with n-hexane as a solvent, 100 mesh for particle size, and Soxhlet for the extraction method. Particle size and extraction method correlate and influence curcumin content; however, solvent extraction does not. This review will highlight how the effectiveness of the extraction of curcumin compounds from C. xanthorrhiza rhizome so that it can be used for extraction at the industrial level.
EFFECT OF THE TYPE AND CONCENTRATION OF MIXTURE SURFACTANT AND PROTEIN ON THE STABILITY OF NUTMEG OIL NANOEMULSION
Authors: Y. Aisyah  , R. Maryandina  , C. Erika  , D. Yunita  , N. Arahman
Published: September 2022

The application of essential oil is limited due to its low solubility, especially in water-based products. Using a nanoemulsion as a carrier is one way to overcome this disadvantage. Nanoemulsion is composed of the water phase, oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant. The use of a mixture of surfactants can affect the stability of the nanoemulsion. The aim of this research, therefore, is to find out the effect of the type and concentration of the mixture of surfactant and protein on the stability of nutmeg oil nanoemulsion. A Randomized Block Design (RBD) Factorial with 2 variables, which included the type (gelatin-span 60, gelatin-tween 80, span 60-tween 80) and concentration (20, 25, and 30 percent) of mixed surfactants and protein counts from the total oil was used with 1:1 comparison. The result showed there was a span of 60-tween 80 produced a nanoemulsion with the finest stability considering its creaming index value of 0%, the small droplet size of 95.88 nm, zeta potential value higher than -30 mV, and good uniformity less than 0.1 in polydispersity index. Gelatin-span 60 failed to produce an emulsion with nano-size due to its 2300.55 nm droplet size, zeta potential value less than 30 mV, and its uniformity in polydispersity index of more than 0.1.
CADMIUM IN PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZERS: BALANCE AND TRENDS
Authors: K. Samrane  , A. Bouhaouss
Published: September 2022

The fertilizer industry is developing its activities by processing and upgrading natural phosphates, for several years that it has been in a conformist dynamic to face environmental, economic, financial, and political constraints. These constraints have incubated a significant industrial evolution in terms of technological progress, product diversification, knowledge, and innovation. Specifically, in wet phosphoric acid manufacturing, the 1980s brought a huge upheaval and changes in terms of strategies and practices following the development of environmental regulations. The environmentalist awareness, linked to the political and community trends, has resulted in the development of regulatory norms, as well as strict market demand for high-quality phosphoric acid and fertilizers products. Thus, cadmium has become an increasing concern to the phosphate industry and is considered one of the most important challenges currently facing the fertilizer industry for continuous market supply and growth. The present article gives an overview of cadmium in terms of market, applications, exposure, mobility, and bioavailability, and discusses balance and figures regarding cadmium in the phosphate and fertilizer industry. The article also outlines the technological aspects of cadmium removal from wet phosphoric acid, considering recent developments and conclusions that still confirm a challenge to find out an economic and available technology. Keywords: Cadmium, Phosphoric Acid, Market, Balance, Phosphate Fertilizers.
ADSORPTION OF ACTIVE CHLORINE AND TECHNOLOGY OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION DECHLORINATION BY MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Mamyrbekova Aigul , Mamitova A.D. , Mamyrbekova Aizhan , Kassymova M.K. , Mutasheva G.S. , Begimbetova A.S. , Kalenova Zh.A.
Published: September 2022

The influence of the modified activated carbon activation type on the degree of adsorption of active chlorine from the aqueous solution was studied. The influence of water flow rate and purification process duration on the adsorption of active chlorine by modified activated carbon was researched and the optimal parameters of the dechlorination regime were determined. The proposed method of extraction of active chlorine by modified activated coal obtained from peach shells can be used in natural and sewage treatment processes for the removal of the active chlorine and chlorine compounds. The design of the mass transfer apparatus with a fixed layer of adsorbent has been developed. The technology of dechlorination aqueous solution by modified activated carbon allows to increase the efficiency of purification up to 99%.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND HISTOLOGICAL PANCREAS EFFECTS OF Sarang Banua (Clerodenrum fragrans Vent Willd) LEAF EXTRACT IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Simorangkir Murniaty , Sinaga Erlintan , Silaban Saronom
Published: September 2022

Research on anti-diabetic herbal plants and their safety continues to grow by the increasing number of diabetics, especially in Indonesia, which is rich in plant biodiversity. This study investigated the effect of Sarang banua (Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd) leaf extract on the hepatoprotective effect, histology of the pancreas, and serum glucose levels of white male rats (Rattus novergicus) induced diabetes by alloxan. Diabetic rats were given ethanol extract of C. fragrans leaf (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg bw), ethyl acetate extract (200, 300 mg/kg bw), and metformin (125 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Enzym activities and glucose levels in serum were determined at the end of treatments. The histology of rat pancreas and liver were observed under an electron microscope with 10x magnification. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that the administration of ethanolic extract of C. fragrans leaves at 100mg/kg bw significantly decreased the serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and serum glucose levels in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat (p < 0.05). C. fragrans leaf extract decreased the level of histological damage liver and pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The C. fragrans improved the protective effects on the liver, and pancreas, and decreased serum glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
CORROSION INHIBITION OF A36 MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIUM USING Citrus paradisi Rind Inhibitor
Authors: Ayoola A.A. , S. Olulesho  , B. Durodola  , O. Agboola  , O. Oladokun  , A. Ayeni  , O. Fayomi  , R. Babalola
Published: September 2022

The effectiveness of grapefruit (citrus paradisi rind) peel powder as a green corrosion inhibitor on A36 mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4 was examined. Gravimetric tests, SEM-EDS, and adsorption isotherm techniques were used to determine the corrosion inhibition features of the inhibitor on the surface of A36 mild steel. The tests were carried out with variation in concentration of inhibitor (0–0.4 %w/v), corrosion temperature (301K and 318K), and corrosion time (3– 12 hours). The findings demonstrated that citrus paradisi rind powder effectively inhibited the corrosion of A36 mild steel on the surface with maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 85% at 0.4 w/v% inhibitor concentration at 310K corrosion temperature. The SEM-EDS analysis established the presence of sulphur, nitrogen, and oxygen (organic constituents), as well as the formation of a protective coating on the mild steel surface. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found suitable for the prediction of the adsorption of citrus paradisi rind inhibitor on the mild steel surface. The thermodynamic considerations (∆𝐻 and (∆𝑆) indicated that the inhibition of A36 mild steel corrosion (using citrus paradisi rind inhibitor) was an exothermic process and the inhibitor molecules were physically adsorbed on the metal surface.
DIETARY RISK ASSESSMENT AND SURVEY OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN HERBAL DIETARY INGREDIENTS FROM INDIA COLLECTED BETWEEN 2017–2020
Authors: Koshy Rojison , Yadav Smriti , Rajendran Rajeshkumar , Kumar Singh Vineet , M. Setty Manjunath , Murali Balasubramanian , Agarwal Amit
Published: September 2022

Pesticide usage is rampant, especially in developing countries, and poses a major safety concern for people. Pesticide levels are regulated in all countries by the respective FDAs due to safety concerns. In the study, products of five Indian plants which comprised 38% of the total volume of herbal products, which are exported from India, and are widely used as dietary ingredients were selected for screening for the presence of pesticides in these samples. A total of 1125 samples including raw material, dried aqueous extracts, and alcoholic extracts were collected over three years and subjected to pesticide analysis using a validated multi-residue method. Pesticide residues were not observed in aqueous extracts whereas 14.7% of raw materials and 5.9% of alcoholic extracts samples exceeded the current EU MRL for pesticide residues. Results from risk assessment indicate the possibility of adopting higher default maximum residue limits (MRLs) since the hazard quotient was less than one in the majority of the cases indicating no health risk. The study recommends manufacturers carry out hazard analysis taking agricultural practices and manufacturing process into consideration to ensure product safety and adherence to current regulations.
PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF MONOMER METHYL METHACRYLATE (PMMA) WITH INDIUM TIN OXIDE (ITO) NANOPARTICLE AND MODIFICATIONS BY POLYETHYLENE-BLOCK-POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PE-BPEG) USING UV CURING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: A. Afrizal  , S. Budi  , Y. Yusmaniar  , Putri G. R. , I. Islamiati
Published: September 2022

Photopolymerizations of monomer methyl methacrylate being nanocomposite have been widely carried out because it has the advantage that it can improve the properties of the materials used. The purpose of this research was to study the synthesized characteristics of PMMA+ITO and PMMA+ITO+PE-b-PEG using the UV Curing method. The nanocomposites were synthesized with a variation of ITO concentrations were 5% w/t, 10% w/t, and 15% w/t. The characterization group functions using FTIR spectroscopy showed the loss of absorption peaks at wave numbers 3100 cm-1 and 1670 cm-1 at PMMA. The results of XRD characterization showed that effect addition of PE-b-PEG, peaks appeared around the 2θ 19°-28° area which was a typical peak for PE-b-PEG. the nanocomposite is an amorphous phase still dominated. Value of conductivity of nanocomposite PMMA addition of ITO with a concentration of 15% resulted in a nanocomposite with the highest conductivity value of 6.4068 x 10-7 S/m
PREPARATION OF 2,4,5-TRIARYLIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES USING GREEN Syzygium Cumini SEED CATALYST
Authors: Bagwan S. M. , Patil S. M. , Asif Mohamad
Published: September 2022

A simple, efficient, one-pot, and green synthesis of 2, 4, 5-triaryl imidazole was carried by three constituent reactions of benzil, ammonium acetate, and substituted aromatic aldehyde by using Syzygium cumini seed extract as a catalyst under reflux. The aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini seed as a biocatalyst is associated with high to excellent yield, green synthetic roughness, low reaction time, and eco-friendly operation. The catalyst contains different phytochemical contents, which are detrimental to improving the acidity of aqueous extract. The seed extract is nonhazardous, non-inflammable, low-cost, and environmentally green. All synthesized compounds were characterized by sophisticated spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectrometry.
Kepuasan Peserta Diklat Terhadap Penggunaan Mentimeter Sebagai Metode Pembelajaran Latsar CPNS Milenial Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Megasari Embung
Published: September 2022

Participants in the Basic Training for Candidates for Civil Servants at BPSDM Riau Province are millennials, attached to technology, digital learning applications, and provide satisfaction to them, in this case using Mentimeter as a learning application. In a quasi-experimental way, this study describes the perception of the participant's satisfaction scale on the use of Mentimeter as a learning application for the Millennial Generation Civil Servant Latsar Class E Class E, Kampar Regency at BPSDM Riau Province. Satisfaction scale is measured through tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This finding proves that as a millennial generation learning application, the satisfaction of CPNS Latsar participants with the use of Mentimeter is at the "Very Satisfactory" level because the mean value of satisfaction in each dimension is on a scale of 4.30 - 5.00. The use of a Mentimeter is also appropriate because it can answer the challenges and developments of the times that are attached to information and digital technology. Utilizing Mentimeter implies that it is important for education and training providers, especially BPSDM Riau Province to always maintain satisfaction and improve learning service innovation according to the needs of millennial generation CPNS Latsar participants. The next recommendation is very possible to evaluate digital learning so that the Mentimeter application can be effectively used by various groups of learners.
Agent-based model “Intellectual Russia”: Model construction and initial population analysis
Authors: Akinshin Anatoly
Published: September 2022

In recent years forecasting with agent-based modeling has become very popular. This is due to a significant increase in computing power and as a result the possibility of conducting a large number of experiments. Agent-based modeling is based on the creation of decentralized agents and the study of their behavior which determines the behavior of the entire system as a whole. This article describes the developing of agent-based model, including information about the creation of initial population of human agents (that simulates the Russian regions’ population) and algorithms of their actions (that form the basis for their autonomous behavior). Each human agent of the initial population gets his own individual characteristics including the level of satisfaction and the level of labor  potential. All Russian regions are characterized by aggregate indicators of human agents living in its territory, as well as a number of permanent exogenous indicators. The algorithms of action described in this article should determine internal migration processes and the structure of employees by type of economic activity. This will allow predicting the level of labor potential of employees in each industry in the region. The model creates the initial population of human agents using official statistical data and also form the aggregated data on characteristics of regions and industries, that are analyzed and visualized in the article
Nuremberg - A Verdict for name of Peace
Authors: Vasilevich Grigory A.
Published: September 2022

In 2021, the publishing house “Prospect” published a book by corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation A.N. Savenkov “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace”. Despite the presence of publications by other authors on this subject, the book by Prof. A.N. Savenkov occupies a special place. This work is undoubtedly the basis for further scientific research on the Nuremberg process. It is safe to say that this work will take the place of a classic work, one of the most important goals of which is to preserve historical memory, in-depth study of historical milestones and events in the context of preserving peace and ensuring security, ordering and systematization of legal materials. The materials of the Nuremberg Tribunal, in which the atrocities of Nazism are documented, form the paradigm of the policy of historical memory.
A.N. Savenkov. Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace
Authors: Shklyarevsky Alexander N.
Published: September 2022

In the reviewed monograph A.N. Savenkov “Nuremberg: A Verdict for Name of Peace” reproduces in detail and consistently the historical facts that preceded the outbreak of the Second World War, including in the light of the peace treaties following the First World War. It contains an in-depth study of the existing international legal norms that served as the basis for the formulation of the provisions of the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the motivation for its Verdict. The study of the peer-reviewed monograph allows us to draw an unambiguous conclusion, according to which the Verdict of the Nuremberg Tribunal became decisive for the further development of international criminal justice not only because of its exceptional historical significance, but also because its foundation was the norms and principles that were shared by all States participating in this process
The principle of maximum tolerance in criminal policy: on the example of a draft law
Authors: Skoblikov Petr A.
Published: September 2022

The author’s hypothesis is that in modern Russian criminal policy there are some principles that are not declared, but the subjects of criminal policy are guided by them. The objectives of the study are to identify and disclose such principles, substantiate their existence and possible consequences of their application. To solve these problems, the author used: rules, techniques of formal and dialectical logic; abstraction and generalization; comparative legal and formal legal research methods; methods of interpretation of legal norms; study of documentary sources; ideal experiment; legal forecasting, the results of previous criminological research, etc. The article substantiates the conclusion that many legislative initiatives of recent years in the field of combating crime implicitly proceed from the principle of maximum tolerance for persons violating the criminal law. The implementation of this principle is shown in a number of draft laws and already adopted laws, as well as the law enforcement practice that has developed on their basis. The characteristic bill developed in 2021 is analyzed in detail. in the office of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and presented to the expert community as strengthening the protection of human rights in criminal proceedings, aimed at further humanization of criminal legislation. The provisions of the draft law are compared with the principles of science, justice, the inevitability of criminal responsibility and punishment, etc. The forecast of what impact, if the bill is adopted, will be exerted on the criminogenic situation in the country and law enforcement practice is substantiated. The presented analysis, according to the author, is applicable to many draft laws based on this principle that have already been published or will appear in the future, as well as to those norms and institutions that have already been embodied in the current criminal, criminal procedure and penal enforcement legislation.