bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Parameters Integrated Markov Random Field (MRF) Model for Super Resolution Mapping (SRM) Over Vague Land Cover Regions
Authors: Welikanna D. R. , Tamura M.
Published: April 2024

The main objective of this study is to improve the Markov Random Field (MRF) based Super Resolution land cover Mapping (SRM) technique to optimize it performance for vague land cover classes. Additionally, the method could be used in order to minimize the point spread function (PSF) effects in multispectral data. In this regard, the study proposes a fuzzy class parameter estimated MRF model for the SRM generation. The paper describes two approaches for the pixel membership determination: spectral angle (SA) of each pixel and the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm. Fuzzy class mean and the covariance measurements were derived using these memberships to model the class distributions within the MRF model. The use of fuzzy memberships can improve the overall posterior energy functions to reach a minimum, by taking both contextual and likelihood estimations of the V-I-S classes. The technique was tested using a WORLDVIEW-2 satellite image, acquired over a semi urban area in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Based on Visual interpretation three major land-cover types; vegetation, soil and exposed grass, and impervious surface (V-I-S) with low medium and high albedo were selected for the study. The bench mark reference data was generated using Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) performed on the same data resampled to 1 m resolution. The scale factor was set to be (S) =2, to generate SRM of 1 m resolution. The smoothening parameter (λ) which balances the prior and likelihood energy terms were tested in the range from 0.3 to 0.9. Fuzzy and conventional SRM were generated separately for each method. Both the methods produce satisfactory results with respect to its conventional counterpart with their own advantageous. Finally, the comparison of the model with the two non-parametric approaches: Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Neural Network (NN) are reported.
Acknowledgement in cadaver studies: Are we paying due respect?
Authors: Jayarathna M. J. S.
Published: April 2024

Abstract not available
Unilateral isolated duplicated ureter
Authors: Thayabaran M. , Weerasekara K. M. T. D. , Gopal N.
Published: April 2024

Ureteric duplication is the most common anomaly of the urinary system that may be asymptomatic or associated with clinical findings. These cases of duplication of ureters are found during radiographic imaging of the abdomen and pelvic region or accidentally during the dissection of cadavers. The aim of the study was to report a congenital anomaly in the urinary system in cadaveric dissection. During routine cadaveric dissection in the Department of Human Biology of the Faculty of Health-Care Sciences, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, we noted a left-sided unilateral bifid renal pelvis with incompletely duplicated ureter in an approximately 60-65 years old male cadaver and the two segments of ureter unite 5cm before draining into the urinary bladder by a single ureteric orifice. Right-sided kidney and ureter were normal. Both the ureters opened in the urinary bladder with a single opening as usual.Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the urinary system is important for anatomists, radiologists, urologists, and surgeons during radiological interventional procedures, laparoscopic or open surgical procedures.
Management and clinical implications of multiple pregnancies: A focus on zygosity, chorionicity, and monochorionic twin complications
Authors: McCully B. , Dodampahala S. H. , Menon A. S. , D’Sa N. , Day E. , Ahmed M. , Rahim M. M.
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted phenomena of twin pregnancies, tracing their historical significance from ancient cultures and mythologies to modern scientific investigations. It delves into the genetic and environmental factors influencing the occurrence of twins, distinguishing between monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins and discussing the implications of zygosity and chorionicity on pregnancy management and outcomes1. Highlighting the unique challenges of twin pregnancies, such as increased risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and specific complications like Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS), the article emphasises the need for specialised, multidisciplinary care. It presents a case study of a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, illustrating the complexity of managing such pregnancies, especially in remote settings with limited access to healthcare resources2. The review advocates enhanced prenatal care, early determination of chorionicity, and tailored management strategies to improve outcomes. It concludes by addressing the heightened challenges in remote Australian communities, where socio-economic and logistical barriers further complicate the provision of care, underscoring the necessity of government initiatives and community-based programs to bridge these gaps and ensure equitable healthcare access.
Postpandemic Changes to Employment and Employment Satisfaction in Early-Career and Career-Advancing Athletic Trainers
Authors: Harris Nicolette A. , Mulkey Emily K. , Rezazadeh Sanam , Smitley Matthew C. , Montalvo Alicia M.
Published: April 2024

Context

The labor market suffered a mass exodus of employees, including health care workers, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous research has highlighted the vulnerability of young professional athletic trainers (YPATs) to attrition. Investigating pandemic-related employment changes and their impact is essential for developing strategies to improve the retention of YPATs.

Objective

To determine the impact of COVID-19 on YPATs’ employment and the effect of COVID-19 and employment setting migration on outcome measures of personal and financial well-being, job and career satisfaction, and optimism about staying in the profession.

Design

Cross-sectional, descriptive study.

Setting

Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants

One thousand one hundred eleven participants responded to survey for an 9.1% response rate (n = 1111 of 12 180). Partial responses were included; thus, the number of respondents varied by question.

Data Collection and Analysis

A web-based survey composed of 34 closed-ended questions was disseminated to National Athletic Trainers’ Association members in November 2022. Descriptive statistics including counts and frequencies for each surveyed item in addition to χ2 tests were used to analyze responses.

Results

Of responding YPATs, 30.2% (n = 335 of 1111) changed employers and 25.7% (n = 286 of 1111) reported a change in employment setting. Notably, YPATs migrated from high school, collegiate, and professional athletics to clinic, industrial, or sales settings. Overall, the pandemic decreased job satisfaction, career satisfaction, and optimism about professional longevity. Changes in employment had a positive impact on personal well-being in addition to job and career satisfaction but not optimism regarding staying in the profession. Salary and work-life balance were reported as important predictors of short- and long-term retention for YPATs.

Conclusions

The pandemic brought changes to employers and employment settings for many YPATs. To reduce turnover and attrition, administrators must begin to prioritize employee well-being and satisfaction. In addition to increasing salary and reducing workload, employers should recognize the importance of administrative support in promoting well-being together with satisfaction and professional optimism in early professional and career-advancing athletic trainers.
Serum clusterin levels, postadolescent acne, and the link to metabolic syndrome: exploring the interplay of factors
Authors: Hamed Ahmed M. , Abdulazeez Eman A. , Nasr Hend E. , Shams Ghada M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Clusterin (CLU) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with a multiplicity of physiologic and pathologic effects. A role in inflammatory diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components has been suggested.

Objectives

The objective was to investigate serum CLU and lipids levels, blood pressure, and BMI in patients with postadolescent acne, and demonstrate any possible interactions between those conditions.

Patients and methods

A case–control study including 50 postadolescent acne patients and 30 matched controls was performed to estimate serum levels of CLU and lipids in all participants together with the full clinical dermatological and general examination.

Results

Significantly elevated levels of CLU were detected in sera of postadolescent acne patients versus controls, correlating positively with acne severity. Patients were found to have higher BMI and blood pressure values than controls. Patients diagnosed with MetS had considerably greater serum CLU levels than those who did not. CLU showed high accuracy in diagnosing postadolescent acne and MetS in those patients.

Conclusions

CLU levels in the sera of patients with postadolescent acne may play an integral role in the pathophysiology of the disease and the development of MetS in these patients.
Serum interleukin 18 level in kidney diseases and age
Authors: Radwan Ghada Abd Eltawab , Yousef Ali El-Said , Bayomy Mohamed Fathy
Published: April 2024

Background:

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene, it is a member of the IL 1 family and has a molecular weight of 18 kDa. Innate and adaptive immunity can be regulated by IL-18, and disorders involving its dysregulation might result in inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.

Aim of the Work:

To distinguish between acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic renal failure (CRF), this research investigates the utility of IL-18 as a novel biomarker and examines how age affects its level.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred participants were included and divided into three groups using the following methodology. Group I consisted of 100 control subjects who were split up by age and gender. Group II consisted of 100 AKI patients who were divided into two groups and subgroups based on age and gender. Group III, which consisted of 100 CRF (hemodialyzed patients), was divided into two groups and subgroups, as patients with acute renal injury and previously healthy people. Patients’ blood was drawn to conduct a laboratory investigation blood urea, serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, pH, GFR and PCO2.

Results:

Patients with CRF had higher serum levels of IL-18 than patients with AKI, regardless of gender, and both groups of patients had levels of IL-18 that rise with age.

Conclusion:

IL-18 is a reliable indicator for the differentiation between AKI and CRF patients receiving hemodialysis and its level correlates with age independent with gender.
Pattern of urinary tract infection in children with vesicoureteric reflux: Does breastfeeding reduce the occurrence of urinary tract infection?
Authors: Mawad Tala N. , Bin-Ali Dania , Daghistani Ghadeer , Alshinawi Amani , Alsaywid Basim
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

The protective factors against urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the setting of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) remain poorly defined. Breastfeeding was suggested as a protective factor against UTI, but its role remains undetermined in this highly susceptible population.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to identify the pattern and risk factors of UTI and investigate the effect of breastfeeding on UTI occurrence in VUR children.

Materials and Methods:

This was a mixed-method design, whereby the first part was a cross-sectional study that included children who were diagnosed with VUR and were assessed for their UTI pattern. The second part was a case–control study, which involved contacting the mothers of the children enrolled and questioning them about their breastfeeding pattern, and UTI development was assessed.

Results:

Our study included 62 children with a median age of 4.4 (interquartile range = 21) months at diagnosis. Of those, 37 (60%) were male and 25 (40%) were female. Most UTIs occurred in the first 3 months of life, and the first episodes were more frequent in males. Constipation was significantly associated with the occurrence of UTI (relative risk [RR] =1.750 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.231–2.489], P = 0.003). Children with breakthrough UTIs were more likely to have been breastfed for <9 months (odds ratio [OR] = 4.091 [95% CI: 1.287–13.002], P = 0.015) and to have been exclusively breastfed for <2 months (OR = 4.600 [95% CI: 1.337–15.823], P = 0.012).

Conclusion:

Children with VUR are more susceptible to UTIs in their 1st year of life. Constipation is a major risk factor for UTI occurrence in VUR children and should be aggressively managed. Breastfeeding for longer durations showed promising protective features against breakthrough UTIs.
Early experience of “En bloc” holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Mohannad , Alshamsan Bader , Almansour Mohammed , Alharbi Abdullah , Algaadi Adel , Abdelhafez Mohamed F.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) showed higher efficacy than transurethral resection for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The present study aims to report the outcome of BPH treatment by HoLEP in a tertiary center.

Patients and Methods:

An observational prospectively collected data for consecutive symptomatic BPH patients undergoing HoLEP between January 2020 and December 2021. Demographic and perioperative data were collected with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life, peak flow rate (Qmax), residual urine postvoid residual (PVR), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) changes, in addition to perioperative and late adverse events.

Results:

One hundred patients were included with a median age of 73 years (range 65–80). The IPSS improved by 80% postoperatively (25 vs. 5, P < 0.001). Similarly, Qmax significantly improved. Seven patients were found to have incidental prostate cancer. No patient needed a perioperative blood transfusion. Compared to its preoperative values, follow-up PSA has been reduced by 75% (P < 0.001). Urethral stricture and bladder neck contracture were noted in < 2% of the patients.

Conclusions:

HoLEP is feasible for all prostate sizes and a safe and effective treatment for BPH patients; our results are consistent with the reported data in the literature regarding functional outcomes, complication rates, and urinary incontinence rates.
Assessing the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of adults in the general population in Saudi Arabia towards testicular torsion: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alruwaily Abdulrahman F. , Alzahrani Ahmed Y. , Alghamdi Hatan K. , Nassar Rashad M. , Alhumaidan Almaha A. , Alshakarah Wejdan A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Testicular torsion (TT) is a rare but urgent condition; it leads to severe pain and swelling that must be diagnosed and treated immediately, where there is an expectant period of 6–8 h. It is an important prognostic factor in the arrival time to the emergency department. Raising awareness about TT is essential to ensure early diagnosis and timely treatment, which can prevent irreversible damage and loss of fertility.

Aim:

Our study aimed to measure the awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward testicular torsion (TT) among the general population in Saudi Arabia.

Subject and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population living in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the population using an online survey. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, region, etc.), a questionnaire to assess the knowledge of testicular torsion, and questionnaires to assess the prevalence, management, and attitude toward testicular torsion.

Results:

Of the 473 participants, 56% were males, and 61% were aged between 18 to 30 years old. Unfortunately, One quarter of our population has a good knowledge level about testicular torsion. The overall mean knowledge about Testicular Torsion score was below average (3 out of 8 points). Factors associated with increased knowledge include younger age, male gender, living in the Central Region, working in the medical field, having heard of testicular torsion, and having a personal or family history of testicular torsion.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, there was a lack of testicular torsion knowledge among the general population. Further studies and social campaigns should be done to encourage the general population's understanding and increase their knowledge level.
An irregular spectral curve for the generation of bipartite maps in topological recursion
Authors: Branahl Johannes , Hock Alexander
Published: April 2024

We derive an efficient way to obtain generating functions of bipartite maps of arbitrary genus and boundary length using a spectral curve as initial data for the framework of topological recursion. Based on an earlier result of Chapuy and Fang counting these maps and having a structural proximity to topological recursion, we deduce the corresponding spectral curve which has a strong relation to the spectral curve giving rise to generating functions of ordinary maps. In contrast to ordinary maps, the spectral curve is an irregular one in the sense of Do and Norbury. It generalises the irregular curve for the enumeration of Grothendieck’s dessins d’enfant.
Resonance expansion for quantum walks and its applications to the long-time behavior
Authors: Higuchi Kenta , Morioka Hisashi , Segawa Etsuo
Published: April 2024

In this paper, resonances are introduced to a class of quantum walks on

\mathbb{Z}

. Resonances are defined as poles of the meromorphically extended resolvent of the unitary time evolution operator. In particular, they appear inside the unit circle. Some analogous properties to those of quantum resonances for Schrödinger operators are shown. Especially, the resonance expansion, an analogue of the eigenfunction expansion, indicates the long-time behavior of quantum walks. The decaying rate, the asymptotic probability distribution, and the weak limit of the probability density are described by resonances and associated (generalized) resonant states. The generic simplicity of resonances is also investigated.
Teichmüller Theory: Classical, Higher, Super and Quantum
Authors: Ohshika Ken’ichi , Papadopoulos Athanase , Penner Robert C. , Katharina Wienhard Anna
Published: April 2024

Teichmüller spaces play a major role in many areas of mathematics and physical science. The subject of the conference was recent developments of Teichmüller theory with its different ramifications that include the classical, the higher, the super and the quantum aspects of the theory.
Mini-Workshop: Interpolation and Over-parameterization in Statistics and Machine Learning​
Authors: Belkin Mihkail , Tsybakov Alexandre B. , Yang Fanny
Published: April 2024

In recent years it has become clear that, contrary to traditional statistical beliefs, methods that interpolate (fit exactly) the noisy training data, can still be statistically optimal. In particular, this phenomenon of “be- nign overfitting” or “harmless interpolation” seems to be close to the practical regimes of modern deep learning systems, and, arguably, underlies many of their behaviors. This workshop brought together experts on the emerging theory of interpolation in statistical methods, its theoretical foundations and applications to machine learning and deep learning.
Mini-Workshop: Multivariate Orthogonal Polynomials: New synergies with Numerical Analysis
Authors: Cuyt Annie , Melenk Jens M. , Sauter Stefan A. , Xu Yuan
Published: April 2024

Multivariate polynomials and, in particular, multivariate orthogonal polynomials (MOPs) are research areas within the fields of special functions, Lie groups, quantum groups, computer algebra to name only some of them. However, there are many important areas in the field of numerical analysis where multivariate polynomials (of high order) play a crucial role: approximation by spectral methods and finite elements, discrete calculus, polynomial trace liftings, exact sequence properties, sparsity, efficient and stable recursions, analysis of the geometry of the zeros. The miniworkshop brought together experts from the fields of MOPs and numerical analysis of partial differential equations.
ALÉM DOS NÚMEROS: A INFLUÊNCIA DA PERSUASÃO NAS DECISÕES DE INVESTIMENTOS DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Broietti Cleber , Rover Suliani
Published: April 2024

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a influência dos argumentos persuasivos sobre as decisões de investimentos de estudantes universitários. A pesquisa utilizou como teoria de base a Teoria da Persuasão, tendo como foco o elemento da autoridade. Metodologicamente, o estudo classifica-se como correlacional e serviu-se do método experimental que contou com a participação de 576 estudantes no papel investidores não profissionais. Houve a manipulação das variáveis argumento persuasivo e desempenho da empresa distribuídos em seis cenários distintos, portanto utilizou uma fatorial de 2x2, a técnica para análise dos dados para as hipóteses foi o Teste Binomial e como análise complementar as características demográficas fez-se o uso da regressão logística. Os resultados encontrados foram: (i) as escolhas dos participantes foram maiores por empresas que apresentam argumentos persuasivos de autoridade nos relatórios dos analistas financeiros; (ii) os investidores preferem empresas com melhor desempenho do que empresas com pior desempenho; (iii) as escolhas dos investidores foram maiores por empresas que tiveram pior desempenho mas que apresentaram nos relatórios argumentos persuasivos, comparadas com empresas com melhor desempenho, porém sem a presença de argumentos persuasivos. Como conclusão notou-se que o argumento persuasivo influenciou a decisão do propenso investidor, constatou-se que as pessoas com menor renda são mais influenciadas pelo argumento persuasivo do que aquelas com maior renda. A pesquisa contribui para a literatura das finanças comportamentais, ao identificar que o elemento persuasivo de autoridade cria atalho na decisão dos estudantes no papel de investidores não profissionais. Sugere-se que os investidores procurem melhorar o pensamento crítico com relação às narrativas disponíveis.
PUBLICAÇÃO DE PATENTE E CUSTO DE CAPITAL: Uma análise das companhias negociadas na B3
Authors: Vasconcelos Renata Braga Berenguer de , Santos Joséte Florencio dos
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a relação entre a divulgação da inovação e o custo de capital implícito das companhias de capital aberto negociadas na B3. Para tanto, a divulgação da inovação é analisada pela perspectiva da publicação das patentes, e se busca verificar a relação com o custo de capital implícito, mediada pela assimetria de informação. Para tanto, o estudo conta com uma amostra composta por 91 companhias negociadas na B3 no período de 2014 a 2019. Os dados foram analisados trimestralmente por meio de regressão em painel. O custo de capital foi considerado a variável dependente do modelo, mensurado pelo modelo de Easton (2004); a assimetria de informação se constituiu a variável mediadora, mensurada pelas proxies: bid-ask spread, volatilidade, iliquidez em bolsa e probabilidade de negociação informada; a publicação de patentes no período refere-se a variável independente. Os resultados indicaram que a publicação de patentes mantém uma relação negativa com o custo de capital implícito, que é mediada pela volatilidade do ativo. Assim, verifica-se que a publicação de patentes pode ser um instrumento efetivo para redução das assimetrias informacionais, permitindo que os investidores tenham acesso a informações relevantes sobre as inovações e que reavaliem suas expectativas quanto ao valor da firma.
Analysis of Error Mechanisms of Vibrating Gyroscopes Operating in a
Slowly Changing Environment
Authors: Trung Giap Vu The
Published: April 2024

This study presents the constructed electromechanical model and the analysis of
the obtained nonlinear systems. An algorithm for compensating the nonlinear
drift of a gyroscope in a microelectromechanical system is proposed. Tests were
carried out on a precision rotating base, with the angular velocity changing as
per the program. Bench testing the gyroscope confirmed the results, which were
also supported by the parameter calibration. The analytical method was further
validated through experimental results, and a correction algorithm for the
mathematical model was developed based on the test results. After calibration
and adjusting the gyroscope’s systematic flaws, the disparity in calculating the
precession angle was within 1/100th of an angular second over an interval of
approximately 1000 s. Currently, research is underway on the new nonlinear
dynamic characteristics of electrostatically controlled microstructures. The
results of the integrated navigation system of small satellites, which
successfully passed bench tests, are presented.
Challenging the Matthew Effect Through Individual Learning Accounts?
Authors: Singh Shalini , Ehlers Søren
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the role of Individual Learning Accounts (ILAs) as policy instruments in challenging the Matthew Effect and promoting self-directed learning among the non-participant but potential adult learners. The paper builds upon the Integrated Implementation Model of Winter (2012) explaining policy implementation and the typology for classifying systems of lifelong learning according to their governance by Green (2000). The paper banks upon data from Denmark, France and the EU, and proposes a learner-centric model for the implementation of education policies along with revisions in Green’s typology.
Characterization of Pyrolyzed Oil from Disposable Low-Density Polyethylene Sachet Water Nylon Waste Utilizing Calcium Hydroxide Waste [Ca(OH)2] Catalyst
Authors: Isah Abdullahi , Zaki Umar F. , Umar Abdulrahman , Isah Aliyu H. , Ahmad Abubakar
Published: April 2024

The sachet water nylon (popularly known as pure water nylon) waste was pyrolyzed using batch reactor at a temperature of 500°C and  atmospheric pressure. The sachet water nylon waste pyrolized oil percentage yield obtained was 63% without application of the catalyst  while the pyrolyzed oil obtained utilizing Ca(OH)2 catalyst was found to be 80% and the pyrolyzed carbon black (PCB) was found to be 0%  while the remaining % was mainly pyrolyzed gas. The calorific value of waste nylon pyrolyzed oils was found to be 41.7-42.1MJ/Kg while  the density and viscosity were 0.79-0.82 g\cm3 and 2.9-3.2Cst respectively. The results obtained from the Gas Chromatography Mass  Spectrometer (GC-MS) revealed total of 100 compounds pyrolyzed oils from both catalyzed and uncatalyzed pyrolysis process. More so,  many compounds found to be common in both catalyzed and uncatalyzed pyrolyzed oils.
impact of the socio-economic factors on the participation of SMEs in territorial development in Algeria: local agri-food system-based approach
Authors: Younes Ferdj , Abdelkader Hamadi
Published: April 2024

This article explores the main factors that influence the participation of SMEs in territorial development in the Mitidja region (Blida). We undertook a quantitative statistical survey and econometric study using binomial logistic modeling from a sample of 110 companies. The empirical study revealed external socio-economic factors affecting the participation of SMEs in territorial development. That prompted us to discuss the applicability of an SYAL to the spatial and territorial scale of Blida province wilaya.
déterminants du taux de chômage en Algérie (1980-2019) : approche par les modèles ARDL
Authors: Abderrahmani Farés , Tarmoul Rabah
Published: April 2024

L’objectif de ce papier est d’identifier les déterminants du taux de chômage en Algérie sur la période qui s’étale de 1980 à 2019 en utilisant un modèle à retards échelonnés (ARDL). Les résultats de notre investigation empirique montrent que l’évolution du taux de chômage en Algérie dépend amplement des dépenses publiques et de la croissance économique. Résultat admis, d’un point de vue théorique, la création de richesses par extension de la demande publique et privée s’accompagne de la création d’emploi. Résultats probants dans une économie ou l’essentiel de la valeur ajoutée est généré par la transformation des produits de l’exportation des hydrocarbures en dépenses publiques : dépenses d’équipements et politique sociale expansionniste. Par contre, l’inexistence de la relation entre le PIB et le taux de chômage, s’explique par le fait que le PIB est généré en grande partie par les activités de PTPH et les activités de services (essentiellement le commerce de détail), des activités peu créatrices d’emplois.
Health professionals’ intention to leave their job from public health facilities and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Zenebe Getachew Assefa , Meno Abinet , Lerango Temesgen Leka
Published: April 2024

Background: Intention to leave describes an employee’s intention or plan to leave their current job and seek alternative employment opportunities. This intention serves as an early indicator of potential turnover behavior. Notably, no comprehensive national data in the country reveals the extent and underlying factors associated with this phenomenon.Objective: To examine health professionals’ intention to leave their jobs in public health facilities and its determinants in Ethiopia.Methods: Studies were searched for using databases such as PubMed, CINHAL, Science Direct, and HINARI, while Google Scholar was utilized for accessing gray literature. This review covers both published and unpublished studies containing quantitative data written in English, focusing on the intention of health professionals to leave their jobs in Ethiopia. All necessary data were extracted by two independent authors and imported into STATA version 14.0 for analysis. Heterogeneity was checked by using a χ2 and I2 tests. Publication bias was examined by performing Egger’s correlation and Begg’s regression intercept tests. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.Results: We used a total of 25 primary studies in our review. The pooled overall health professionals’ intention to leave their job was 59.05% (95% CI; 54.35, 63.74%) with a range from 39%-83.7%. Sex (AOR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.31 -2.18), job or work environment (AOR: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.05–6.29), payment or any benefit (AOR: 7.37, 95%CI: 2.89-18.79), supervision and evaluation (AOR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.27–3.93), appraisal and recognition (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.62-4.41) and organizational commitment (AOR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.04–3.48) were the significant factors.Conclusion and recommendation: The results reveal a significant intention among health professionals to leave their jobs in Ethiopia. To counter this trend, it is advised to cultivate a positive workplace environment, implement effective monitoring and evaluation systems, and offer ample career development opportunities.
The effect of false yam (Icacina oliviformis) tuber meal on productive and reproductive performance of breeder layers
Authors: Lartey B.L. , Sarfo G.K. , Anim-Jnr A.S. , Osei S.A.
Published: April 2024

A 12-week study investigated the effects of processed false yam (Icacina oliviformis) tuber meals on the productive and reproductive  performance of breeder layers. Unboiled-sundried (SDFYTM) and boiled-sundried (BSDFYTM) false yam tuber meals were incorporated as  partial replacement of maize in the diet such that Diet 1 contained no false yam (control). BSDFYTM was incorporated at 3% and 6%  for diets 2 and 3 respectively. SDFYTM was also incorporated at 3% (Diet 4) and 6% (Diet 5). A total of 120 local-exotic crossbreds (100  hens and 20 cocks) of age 43 weeks old were used in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had 4 replicates with a replicate made up of five hens and one cock. Parameters measured included feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), hen-day egg production, egg  weight, fertility and hatchability of eggs. Results showed that false yam significantly reduced feed intake (P<0.0001) compared to the  birds on the control diets, while 6% SDFYTM significantly increased feed conversion ratio. Both BSDFYTM and SDFYTM at 3% inclusion  reduced feed cost per gain compared to the control diet. Hen-day egg production was significantly better for the birds receiving the 3%  BSDFYTM (P<0.0001), while the addition of 6% SDFYTM gave the poorest results. The 6% inclusion level of SDFYTM significantly (P<0.05)  decreased fertility rate, hatchability, and saleable chicks but increased the dead-inshell. It was concluded that BSDFYTM at 3% and 6% and  SDFYTM at 3% level could be added to breeder layer diets without any adverse effect on productive and reproductive performance
Effects of concentrate supplement on dry matter and water intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of N’dama bull calves fed Napier grass basal diet
Authors: Yunus A.A. , Osafo E.L.K. , Osman A. , Apori S.O. , Attoh-Kotoku V. , Antwi C. , Idan F. , Gyamera E.
Published: April 2024

An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of concentrate supplements on dry matter and water intake, nutrient digestibility and  nitrogen balance of N’dama bull calves fed Napier grass basal diet. Four N’dama bull calves were randomly assigned to one of four  dietary treatments in a repeated 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. The treatments consisted of Napier grass only for T1 (Nap0 Conc), T2, Napier  grass + concentrate fed at 1.5% LW (Nap1.5Conc), T3, Napier grass + concentrate fed at 2.0% LW (Nap2.0Conc) and T4, Napier grass +  concentrate fed at 2.5% LW (Nap2.5Conc). Concentrate supplementation significantly (P<0.05) influenced DM intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance. However, the average daily water intake was not affected (P>0.05) by the level of concentrate offered to the  animals. The total DM intake of the animals ranged from 36.92 kg to 44.74 kg whereas the average DMI was in the range of 2.64 kg/d to  3.20 kg/d. Increasing the level of concentrate supplementation did not significantly increase total and average DMI but all were higher  than the control. Except for ADF digestibility, all digestibility parameters measured were higher (P < 0.05) for the supplemented diets  compared with the control. In the case of the nitrogen balance trial, supplementing Napier grass with the concentrate resulted in  increased (P <0.0001) N-retention. It was concluded that supplementing a Napier grass basal diet with different levels of concentrates  significantly improved N'dama bull calves' dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance compared with the control.  Furthermore, supplemental concentrate did not affect the animals' water intake.
Retinopathy of prematurity – developing too soon in babies born too early : A report of three cases
Authors: Obajolowo Tokunbo Sarah , Olokoba Lateefat Bukola , Olatunji Victoria Ayodeji , Ademola-Popoola Dupe Serifat , Adesiyun Omotayo Olukemi , Mokuolu Oluwabunmi Shade
Published: April 2024

Nigeria has the third largest incidence of premature birth, after India and China. Most babies that will require treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have birth weight (BW) less than 1500g and gestational age (GA) less than 32 weeks, with initial eye examination within the first 30 days of life. This report aims to present the findings in three babies with vision threatening ROP that developed at less than 30 days of life. Routine screening for ROP was conducted for three babies. One was born GA 33 weeks, BW 1.6kg, screened for ROP on the 13th day of life, while the other two were a set of twins born at GA of 33 weeks, both BW 1.3kg, screened for ROP first on the 16th day of life. The twins were found to have arborizing vessels at the initial exam, which progressed to stage 3 pre-plus ROP by the 23rd day of life. The 3rd child had stage -3 plus disease at the first screening, warranting immediate LASER therapy. The screening criteria of Nigeria ROP group is BW ≤ 1500g or GA of ≤ 34 weeks, with the first eye examination within the first 30 days of life. These case reports show that larger babies can also develop sight threatening ROP within the first two weeks of life. There is a need for constant review of ROP screening criteria and timing based on locally available data.
Pott’s disease in a two-year old: a consequence of failed contact tracing
Authors: Anikoh Sunday , Nwaneri Uchechukwu Damian , Omua HJohn , Sadoh Ayebo Evawere
Published: April 2024

Tuberculosis of the spine (Pott’s disease) has the potential for causing severe disability if not identified and treated early. Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is the standard of care for under-fives who have been in contact with an infectious case of tuberculosis but do not have tuberculosis. We report the case of a 2 year old child whose mother was managed for tuberculosis but was not given TPT and went onto develop tuberculosis of the spine. She responded positively to antituberculosis therapy. CC –BY 4.0 We highlight the missed opportunity for TPT at various points of contact of this child with the health care system. We recommend the integration of services at primary health care level and the training/retraining of health care workers in TB care with specific emphasis on contact tracing/TPT. Health education for the general population on tuberculosis is also important.
Kidney malrotation with aberrant renal arteries and extra-renal calyces - case report
Authors: Hbumuremyi S. , Niyibigira C. , Archibong V. , Gashegu J. K.
Published: April 2024

Variations in the ureteral patterning, venous, and arterial of the kidneys are common; however, concomitant involvement with two systems is rare. The current case was discovered during a routine dissection course that took place in the Human Anatomy laboratory of the University of Rwanda. While dissecting the retroperitoneal space of one specimen, it was realized that the right kidney was mal-rotated with a ureter connected to the anterior side. That right kidney also had two aberrant arteries in addition to the main renal artery, those two aberrant arteries emerged from the inferior pole of the kidney. Renal arterial variants may be grouped as supernumerary, multiple, and aberrant, in the current case it is aberrant. It is expected that the kidney rotates from anterior to medial around the longitudinal axis during development, and the renal hilum turns toward the medial direction. However, in the current case, the hilum faced anteriorly.
An unusual variation in the formation and termination of the sciatic nerve - a case report
Authors: Habumuremyi S. , Archibong V. , Gashegu J.
Published: April 2024

The sciatic nerve (SN) presented with unusual patterns in which five smaller fibers instead of one or two nerves at the level of the Piriformis muscle. Those five fibers measured 7.5 cm from their origin to where they joined to form the SN. The SN terminated in the popliteal fossa by giving rise to three terminal branches: the tibial nerve, the common peroneal nerve, and another unusual nerve that supplied the medial head of the gastrocnemius. This case is unusual because the SN presents with different positional variations of its two components in relation to the piriformis muscle but not five fibers; in addition, the SN normally bifurcates instead of trifurcating when it reaches in the popliteal fossa. The case presented a Type A pattern of SN to the piriformis muscle. This type of pattern has been documented to be the most common in some parts of Africa. Some authors have reported two patterns of trifurcation of the SN. One is a pattern where the SN gave rise to the tibial, superficial, and deep peroneal nerves at the popliteal fossa, and another is a trifurcation pattern where it gave rise to the tibial, common peroneal, and sural nerves. The case is different as it presents an unusual unreported pattern where the SN trifurcates by giving rise to the tibial, common peroneal, and nerve that supplies the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The current variation has never been reported elsewhere.
Gender-based performance in anatomy modules among students of the School of Medicine and Pharmacy, the University of Rwanda
Authors: Habumuremyi S. , Okesina K. B. , Gashegu J.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Narrowing the gender gap and making education more inclusive are the primary objectives of the government of Rwanda and its stakeholders. However, women are underrepresented in science, technology, and engineering. Fortunately, female medical students have increased steadily in recent years. The objective was to investigate the difference between female and male performance in Anatomy METHODS: The marks of five academic years 2017-2018 to 2021-2022 were used. IBM SPSS Statistics 23 was used to analyze the data. Male and female performance was analyzed based on the general mean scores, then the mean scores of each module, and finally the grade ranges [<50%], [50-59%], [60-69%], [70-84%], [>85%] in five years. The standard deviation and P-values were calculated for difference analysis. RESULTS: 2433 records, 1534 (63.1%) males and 899 (36.9%) females, were pulled out, of which 35 students retook the modules; 19 females and 16 males. 41% of females and 39.6% of males scored between 60-69%, followed by 28.7% of females and 33.5% of males scored between 7084%, 22.5% of females and 20.4% of males scored between 50-59%, and then 6.7% of females and 6.0% of male failed by scoring <50%, while 0.4% of both female and male scored >85%. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between male and female students’ performances in Anatomy when compared (p>0.05). However, efforts should be made to determine the reasons for the gender gap in sciences and also to find means to attract more female students into science-based courses and professions.
Accessory tributary of the left renal vein - a case report
Authors: Niyibigira C. , Habumuremyi S. , Archibong V. , Gashegu J.
Published: April 2024

The left renal vein drains the left kidney to the left lateral inferior vena cava, and it courses anteriorly to the abdominal aorta and posteriorly to the superior mesenteric artery. The case of two renal veins draining the kidneys was seen during a routine dissection of the left retroperitoneal space of a 36-year-old male cadaver. This unusual complex pattern of the left renal vein with an accessory tributary is useful, particularly for surgeons and urologists needing to access the retroperitoneal space. An awareness of such renal vascular variation can help reduce the risk of iatrogenic vascular injury when accessing this area.
Pandemic and Alchemy in Dante’s Inferno
Authors: Balducci Marino
Published: April 2024

The pandemic is symbolic of an apparent absolute evil that afflicts human materialism in its essence, as seen in the fundamental masterpiece of Italian literature, Dante’s poem. In it, pestilence becomes a symbol of fraud and is associated with the perverse, falsifying and destructive use of intellect for the will of oppressing the others and an uncontrollable greed of wealth and power. In the Divine Comedy appears the symbolic vision of a terrible epidemic, affecting the deep infernal areas and associating itself with the wrong arrogant use of alchemical science (Inf. XXIX–XXX). We are in the presence of a real ideological and technical-scientific perversion which, instead of offering help to our world, only causes continuous diseases for our body and spirit.
Policy Measures as a Pathway to Improve the Quality of Life of the Elderly Population
Authors: Milenkova Valentina , Nakova Albena , Manolov Karamfil
Published: April 2024

The article is focused on mapping different policies and programs aimed at the elderly population, as well as the incentive for inclusion in these programs. The review of different policies aimed to achieve harmonization and complement the opportunities for the conducting of personal careers, and better quality of life. The consequences of population aging in Bulgarian conditions lead to various changes in the labor market. In this context the policies themselves aim not only to include elderly people in the labor market but also to ensure economic growth, thereby creating the prerequisites for social support and assistance. The overall vision of the article is to provide an overview of the political map in which the various institutional practices stimulate the elderly population to increase their education and qualification as one of the ways of active living. The article uses the results of a representative survey of the 55+ population regarding its participation in various forms of continuing education and qualification. Our understanding is that labor market participation has two important consequences for older people. On the one hand, it is related to the provision of material income and good living conditions, and on the other hand, it has positive consequences affecting the psychological confidence and self-confidence of the elderly that they are useful to society. All this in its entirety shows various aspects related to the quality of life of people in the third age.
Postmodernism and Neurotheology. Some Current Issues Around the Phenomenon of Religious Experience
Authors: Dochkov Ivo A.
Published: April 2024

The human experience of consciousness and the divine has long been a source of fascination and curiosity. In recent decades, two seemingly disparate fields have emerged one after the other to rethink our experiences in new contexts: postmodernism and neurotheology. It was already obvious to Aristotle that logic is a reflection of language. This immanent coherence and the status of "truth" have been well-rethought by the neurosciences. Neurotheology offers a new field of research on key problems related to paralogisms, the aetiology of belief, and social beliefs in the direction of generating a new field of solutions. It attempts a kind of technical revision of why thinking suffers from deficiencies with a rather Cartesian approach. The other line of reasoning also provides interesting perspectives - the consideration of consciousness as a function of the universe. If successfully tested - this thesis would fundamentally change the perspective of psychology in the direction of a complete transformation and fusion with neuroscience. The big winner in the duel of positions is ethics - it would have to rethink its basic definitions, with all the social implications that entails. The advent of brain implants and large language models (which, driven by intellectual inertia, we call "artificial intelligence"), and advances in medicine and pharmacology certainly contribute to the possible realization of some, if not all, of these scenarios.
Attitudes of Graphic Designers and Copywriters in Bulgaria Towards Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Malamin Bagryan
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the core technologies of the digital transformation. It is expected to lead to job losses, initially in occupations characterised by routine activities, but increasingly in creative professions. This chapter analyses the results of an empirical survey of graphic designers and copywriters in Bulgaria on their attitudes towards AI as well as their views on its future influence on their professions. The majority do not perceive AI and automation as a threat. In their view, digital technologies and artificial intelligence are a favourable opportunity for professionals that will change their work by taking away routine tasks and leaving creative activities to humans alone. Graphic designers and copywriters will engage in creative work, and their work will become more in demand because it is human. The analysis of the study shows that pessimistic scenarios of massive job destruction may not hold true. Expectations of deterioration in the quality of work (Holtgrewe, 2014) as a result of digitalization are also not borne out. This study is the first of its kind in this country to explore creative professions and their attitudes towards AI.