bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimisasi Klasifikasi Sentimen Pada Review Hotel Bahasa Inggris Dengan Model Roberta Twitter
Authors: Setiadi Bagas , Purwanto Eko , Permatasari Hanifah
Published: September 2024

Dalam era digital, wisatawan sering menggunakan internet untuk mencari dan memesan hotel. Ulasan hotel online adalah sumber informasi penting bagi calon tamu, namun sentimen dalam ulasan ini sulit diinterpretasikan karena bahasa yang kompleks dan kontekstual. Klasifikasi sentimen yang akurat dalam ulasan hotel berbahasa Inggris memerlukan strategi yang canggih. Penelitian ini fokus pada model RoBERTa Twitter, yang merupakan pengembangan dari BERT (BiDirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) Google, untuk meningkatkan pemahaman bahasa dan kinerja dalam konteks ulasan hotel. Dengan pendekatan pelatihan yang lebih komprehensif, model ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan akurasi analisis sentimen. Penelitian ini melibatkan tahapan identifikasi masalah, seleksi data, preprocessing, pemodelan, dan pengujian hyperparameter. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan kinerja model yang memuaskan dengan akurasi sentimen 88%, namun akurasi untuk aspek tertentu lebih rendah, dengan fasilitas 75%, pelayanan 78%, kamar 81%, serta lokasi dan harga 84%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan akurasi analisis sentimen, mendukung keputusan yang lebih tepat dalam pemilihan hotel online.
Deteksi Potensi Menyontek Menggunakan Feedforward Neural Network Pada Ujian Daring
Authors: Hadibrata Lymanto , Rochadiani Theresia Herlina
Published: September 2024

Pendidikan di Indonesia merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung yang dapat menjadikan Indonesia menjadi negara maju. Akan tetapi masih banyak pelajar yang melakukan praktik menyontek sehingga menurunkan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia. Untuk mengurangi praktik menyontek di Indonesia, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah model deep learning dengan menggunakan metode feedforward neural network untuk mendeteksi potensi menyontek. Penelitian ini menggunakan 51 video dataset diperoleh dari orang-orang yang pada akhirnya diubah menjadi titik-titik koordinat menggunakan Mediapipe Face Landmark yang disimpan pada file CSV. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 7 class pada dataset yang sudah dibuat yaitu netral, hadap_atas, hadap_bawah, hadap_kiri, hadap_kanan, retina_kiri dan retina_kanan. Indikator utama yang paling menentukan untuk mendeteksi potensi tidak menyontek adalah class netral. Akan tetapi, class retina_kiri dan retina_kanan juga ikut berpartisipasi karena ada pertimbangan dari segi pembacaan soal. Indikator yang menentukan untuk mendeteksi potensi menyontek adalah class hadap_kiri, hadap_kanan, hadap_atas, dan hadap_bawah. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model yang dapat memprediksi potensi menyontek dengan akurasi sebesar 91.6% dengan menggunakan metode feedforward neural network. Dari model yang dihasilkan, dapat diimplementasikan kedalam sebuah sistem ujian daring.
Business Intelligence Implementation for Groceries Commodity Price Data Analytics
Authors: Hibatulwafi Fathe , Asmiyanto Taufik
Published: September 2024

As a startup company specializing in agricultural technology, currently PT XYZ does not have any effective and integrated tools to analyze groceries commodity for purchase and sale data-driven decision making. This research will integrating multiple data sources for accurate analysis, tailoring the business intelligence (BI) system to PT XYZ’s specific needs, and developing a robust solution that supports comprehensive decision-making. BI implementation solution will be developed using Pentaho Data Integration & Apache Superset. Applied research used as its method, that contains processes to gather user requirements to gather user needs from each information, design the solution, and dashboard development. The study focused on analyzing data from both internal sources, such as purchase and sales transactions, and external sources, including market price data, using these BI tools to provide comprehensive insights. The developed dashboard contains several sections that allow users to see price recommendation price and get the insight for the last seven days trend, monitor the market position, see team performance, and find the summary about estimated and actual margin comparison. Pentaho successfully handled ETL and data modeling, while Apache Superset enabled straightforward dashboard setup, though chart customization is limited.
Directions for Improving the Laboratory Component in Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kuleshova O. B. , Domonova E. A. , Minkina G. N. , Romanuk T. N. , Gerasimov A. N. , Voronin E. M. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Effective responses are required due to the high incidence of cervical cancer (Cc) throughout the World. RT-PCRbased HPV-testing is becoming more prominent in secondary prevention worldwide, replacing cytology. Russian practice still relies on cytology as the primary method mainly because there is a lack of comparative evaluation of the diagnostic characteristics of cytology and HPV-tests. Aim. Evaluation of diagnostic characteristics of laboratory methods and the relevance of extended HPV genotyping for secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Materials & methods. The study included data (liquid cytology, histology, HPV-test results) from a survey of 653 women (M = 33.55 years old, ME = 32.0 years old, IQR: 26-38 years old) infected with 14 HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68), with presence or absence of intraepithelial neoplasia of varying severity. The study analyzed the correlation of cervical cytology - histology, clinical sensitivity for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL+), the incidence and the role of 14 oncogenic HPV types in the development of cervical intraepithelial pathology, positive predictive value (PPV) and the diagnostic accuracy of the HPV-test. Results. The agreement between cytology and histology is 67.20%. Clinical sensitivity of cytology is 83.78% for HSIL+ and 94.34% for any other than NILM result. The structure of the HPV population varies depending on the degree of neoplasia, with a constant predominance of HPV16. The clinical sensitivity of the laboratory component rises to 99.5% by conducting HPV-test for at least 12 types of virus. HSIL is more commonly associated with viruses of alpha-9 phylogenetic group, than with alpha-7 and alpha-5/6. The positive predictive value for HSIL+ is reduced depending on the HPV type: 16>33>58>35>45>31>18>52>39>59>58>56>68>66. Conclusions. Clinical sensitivity of the HPV-test exceeds that of cytology, so that secondary prevention of cervical cancer can be effectively achieved through HPV testing. The introduction of an extended genotyping provides more complete information about the risk of having HSIL+. The data obtained will form the basis for the development of directions for improving the epidemiological surveillance information subsystem of HPVassociated cervical diseases
A Long-term Retrospective Epidemiological Analysis of the Incidence of Rotavirus Infection in the Altai Krai for 2001–2023
Authors: Safyanova T. V. , Rekhtina E. A. , Silkin A. S.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. The urgency of the problem of rotavirus infection, primarily among children, is due to the steady preservation of leading places in the structure of childhood morbidity. Despite the existing preventive measures, the incidence of rotavirus infection has been steadily increasing over the past 10 years. Vaccination coverage in our country in recent years has not exceeded 10-12% of the target cohort, which in general cannot have a significant impact on the incidence of rotavirus infection and requires special attention. Aim. To assess the epidemiologic situation on the incidence of rotavirus infection in Altai Krai in 2001–2023. Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of rotavirus infection in the Altai Krai was carried out using data from statistical reporting forms No. 2 of the Federal State Statistical Observation «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases» in the Altai Krai in 2001–2023. Results. A long-term retrospective epidemiological analysis of rotavirus infection incidence was carried out. It was noted: an increase in the share of rotavirus infection in the structure of acute intestinal infections; a tendency for an increase in morbidity rates in the Altai Krai; the average long-term morbidity rate among children 0–17 years old exceeded that among adults by 67 times; in the structure of cases, the main proportion was children 1–2 years old; the greatest contribution to the formation of morbidity was made by unorganized children (75%) vaccination had no effect on morbidity, since vaccine coverage of Altay Krai population does not exceed 0.1%. Conclusion. The reasons for close monitoring of rotavirus infection and improvement of preventive measures, including vaccine prophylaxis, are substantiated
Characteristics of the Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strain Isolated from a Positive Blood Culture of a Premature Newborn Baby According to the Results of Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Ustyuzhanin A. V. , Makhanyok A. A. , Chistyakova G. N. , Remizova I. I. , Bychkova S. V. , Abakarova D. A.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. K. pneumoniae is a common nosocomial pathogen in pediatric hospitals, often characterized by the presence of a wide range of virulence factors and genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance. Аim. To analyze the results obtained during wholegenome sequencing of a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated from a positive blood culture of a premature newborn. Materials and methods. An ESBL-producing strain of K. pneumoniae isolated from a positive blood culture of a newborn premature infant. Sequencing was performed on the MiSeq platform (Illumina). Analysis of DNA nucleotide sequences of the complete genome of K. pneumoniae was carried out using the website of the Center for Genomic Epidemiology. The search for genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance and virulence was carried out using online services. Results and its discussion. The resulting nucleotide sequence was 5,414,099 bp in length, and the proportion of GC nitrogenous bases was 57.3%. The isolated strain belonged to the sequence type ST3559, had 4 genes encoding the synthesis of enzymes that hydrolyze antibacterial drugs from the beta-lactam group, 2 genes providing resistance to quinolones/fluoroquinolones, 1 resistance gene each to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Most of the virulence factor genes identified in the studied strain ensure the recognition and absorption of iron ions necessary for the competitive functioning of the bacterial cell. K. pneumoniae possesses the acrA efflux pump gene and its regulators, as well as 4 prophage particles and 1 CRISPCas IE system. Conclusions. Whole-genome sequencing of the K. pneumoniae strain isolated from a positive blood culture of a premature newborn allows us to characterize in detail the causative agent of a generalized infection and detect a wide range of genetic determinants of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. The ESBL-producing strain of K. pneumoniae, as the etiological agent of neonatal sepsis, was characterized by the presence of virulence genes, multidrug resistance, both due to genes encoding enzymes that hydrolyze antibiotics, and due to the presence of efflux pumps and their regulators. The use of the results of traditional cultural research methods together with high-throughput sequencing data is a promising area of scientific research and has a reserve of practical application in the field of clinical medicine, genetics of microorganisms, molecular epidemiology at the local and global levels
Género y Matemática: acciones afirmativas desde una olimpiada internacional
Authors: Chaves Villalobos Emmanuel , Ramírez Oviedo Luis Fernando
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Costa Rica fue anfitriona de la tercera Olimpiada Panamericana Femenil de Matemáticas durante el año 2023, la cual se organizó y llevó a cabo en respuesta a la necesidad de visualizar el trabajo de las mujeres en la resolución de problemas matemáticos a nivel nacional e internacional. El presente artículo siguió el objetivo de visualizar, mediante una sistematización de experiencia, las acciones afirmativas que se articularon desde la comisión organizadora mediante una competición femenina en favor de reducir la brecha de género en Matemática. Metodología: Se siguió una sistematización de experiencia, recabándose datos documentales, entrevistas a participantes y revisión de notas periodísticas para la identificación de las acciones afirmativas y reconstrucción de la experiencia. Resultados: Se detectaron cinco acciones afirmativas desarrolladas por la comisión; solicitud de mujeres en roles de jefe o tutora de delegación, selección de jefe y tutora de Costa Rica, coordinación de múltiples notas divulgativas, invitación a estudiantes universitarias colaboradoras, premio Enriqueta González Baz. Conclusiones: Como resultado de algunas de las acciones afirmativas, se logró un jurado internacional compuesto en su mayoría por mujeres. Se impactó a estudiantes universitarias y futuras docentes de matemáticas sobre la importancia de una comunidad científica con mayor participación femenina.
Cerebral abscess in Down syndrome: a systematic review on treatment and prognosis. Illustrative case
Authors: Hamilton Preci , Valentin Eisenring Christian , Burn Felice , Aziz Waseem , Vasankari Ville , Rossmann Tobias , Veldeman Michael , Thakur Jitendra
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

No universal protocol exists for treating cerebral abscesses in Down syndrome. An illustrative case supplemented with a systematic literature review on brain abscesses in Down syndrome is presented, comprising a total of 16 cases. Preoperative infectious disease workups, cardiac examinations including echocardiography, as well as reported surgical and antibiotic treatments were correlated in the reported cohorts.

OBSERVATIONS

Overall, 18.8% of cases (n = 3) had no reported cardiac evaluation. The majority of cases were treated surgically (n = 8), with aspiration (n = 3), drainage (n = 2), or other operations (n = 3); 25% (n = 4) were treated with antibiotics only. Strikingly, 25% of cases (n = 4) reported neither surgical nor antibiotic therapy, a significantly higher rate compared to 0%–3% of patients with brain abscess in other reported cohorts.

Half of the patients (n = 8) who died either lacked a cardiac evaluation or had existing heart conditions. This mortality rate was about 4 times higher than the rates observed in other studies.

LESSONS

Down syndrome patients with cerebral abscess have a high morbidity rate, mainly due to cardiac disease. Therefore, early diagnostic workup, including echocardiography, allows proactive management with an improved outcome.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE23394
Endoscopic endonasal approach for resection of sellar leiomyosarcoma metastasis: illustrative case
Authors: Weber Matthieu D , Carlstrom Lucas P , Vignolles-Jeong Joshua , Finger Guilherme , Dhaliwal Joravar , Kobalka Peter J , VanKoevering Kyle K , Prevedello Daniel M , Wu Kyle C
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare neoplasm that arises from tissues of embryonic mesodermal origin. Primary tissues of origin can include smooth muscle cells of the abdominopelvic viscera, blood vessels, or arrector pili muscles. LMS is known to metastasize to the lungs, with few reported cases of spread to the central nervous system.

OBSERVATIONS

A 66-year-old male with cutaneous LMS of the left forearm with metastases to the lungs and kidney that had been treated with chemoradiation presented with worsening headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a sellar lesion. An endocrine workup was unremarkable. Imaging over 6 months revealed rapid interval growth. Positron emission tomography demonstrated moderate uptake. Given the rapid growth, the patient was offered an endoscopic endonasal approach for resection. Pathology confirmed LMS.

LESSONS

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documented case of LMS metastasis to the sella. Pituitary carcinoma or metastases to the sellar region should be in the differential among patients with sellar region tumors with a rapid growth rate, bony erosion, or findings of lesions in the upper cervical lymph nodes or soft tissue. Tumors that show significant interval growth should raise suspicion for nonadenomatous lesions, and surgical intervention should be considered even in the absence of endocrinological dysfunction or cranial neuropathies.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2435
Lumbar laminectomy and washout of emphysematous osteomyelitis infection of the spine: illustrative case
Authors: Rajjoub Rami , Dedhia Mehek , Jones Salazar
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Emphysematous osteomyelitis (EO) is a rare, rapidly progressing infection characterized by gas within bones, leading to severe morbidity if untreated. In the spine, EO can cause significant bone destruction and instability, requiring urgent surgical and medical intervention. Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present a unique case of EO involving the lumbar spine in a 40-year-old male patient with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed the formation of gas within the L4 vertebral body and spinal canal, which led to the diagnosis of EO. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus dysgalactiae. The patient underwent laminectomy, discectomy, and vertebral body abscess washout to prevent further spread of the infection and successfully recovered.

LESSONS

The authors report the first case of spinal EO caused by S. dysgalactiae, treated using laminectomy with debridement of the affected disc spaces.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24434
Energy-Efficient Algorithm for Data Path Selection in High-Density Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Astakhova T. N. , Kolbanev M. O. , Lyamin A. S. , Maslov N. S. , Maslova D. A.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Increasing the number of sensor devices per unit area consequently reduces the physical distance between the devices in the sensor network. Such networks are usually deployed over a large area and the sensor device that wants to transmit a data packet is located far away from the base station. In such a case, the source device is challenged to choose a transmission path that consumes the least amount of energy resources and satisfies the delivery time requirements.

The objective of this study is to develop and validate the effectiveness of an empirical algorithm for selecting a transmission path that reduces the energy consumption of high-density wireless sensor networks. Methods of system analysis, analytical modeling, geometry and probability theories are used.

Solution. It is assumed that the sensor network is deployed in a limited area and is a set of devices that are connected to each other informationally and energetically.  When building data transmission routes, any sensor devices can be used as repeaters. At the same time, the increase in the number of repeaters leads to an increase in the time of data delivery.

Novelty. It is assumed that the sensor network is deployed in a limited area and is a set of devices that are connected to each other informationally and energetically. Any sensor devices may be used as repeaters when constructing data transmission routes.

Significance (theoretical). Dependences of power consumption level on various system parameters affecting the processes of functioning of high-density wireless sensor networks have been obtained.

Significance (practical). The proposed empirical algorithm for selecting a rational data transmission route in a wireless sensor network allows us to determine, among all alternatives, the route to the coordinator that requires the least power. The effectiveness of the proposed empirical power-saving algorithm is confirmed by simulation modeling.
Approach to Video Stream Quality Requirements Justification for FPV Control of Unmanned Systems
Authors: Berezkin A. A. , Vivchar R. M. , Kirichek R. V.
Published: September 2024

Currently, hybrid orbital-ground communication networks play a key role in various sectors of the Russian economy, an important part of which are unmanned systems based on FPV control. One of the key elements of such systems is information exchange channels. The main criterion for the success of their objectives is to meet the requirements for the quality of the transmitted video stream, which makes it particularly relevant to substantiate these requirements.

The purpose of this article is to present an approach to the quantitative justification of the requirements for the quality of the transmitted video stream.

The essence of the presented approach lies in the fact that the required values of the transmitted image quality indicators, used to justify acceptable neural network codecs, are determined by analyzing various video streams, on the basis of which the impacts on the control of unmanned systems that allowed to achieve the goals of their functioning were formed. The main stages of the approach and their logical interrelation are considered.

The proposed approach is based on the use of methods of statistical and risk analysis, the theory of experiment planning and probability theory.

Scientific novelty of the proposed approach lies in the fact that the requirements to the quality of the video stream transmitted from the unmanned system to the operator, used to justify acceptable neural network codecs, are calculated by analyzing the totality of video streams that allowed to achieve the goals of its functioning, which allows to get rid of the subjectivism inherent in the expert methods currently used to solve this problem.

Theoretical significance of the proposed approach lies in the fact that the necessity and possibility of not only substantiating the requirements for the quality indicators of the transmitted video stream for FPV control, but also their correction has been proved.

Practical significance. The requirements for the quality indicators of the transmitted video stream obtained using the proposed approach can be further used to justify optimal design solutions for creating information exchange channels between unmanned systems and the operator, which will significantly increase the efficiency of using these systems.
Pridёt Dvoje iz Larca: an Experimental Study of Variable Agreement with Quantified Subjects
Authors: Belova Daria D.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an experimental study of predicative agreement in person and number with two types of quantified subjects containing a personal pronoun. Using two syntactic experiments with a rating task (the Likert scale), we compared the properties of the elective (dvoje iz nas ‘two of us’) and nominative (my dvoje ‘us two’) constructions regarding the preferred form of the verb in two configurations: with the preverbal and the postverbal position of the subject. Ordinal numbers (from dvoje ‘two of’ to semero ‘seven of’) and the quantifier word vse ‘all’ were compared as well. The results show that word order has a significant impact on the acceptability of different agreement strategies. For the elective construction, with the SV order, agreement by person and number of the quantifier is available, and the default agreement is rated as significantly less acceptable, while with the VS order, there are no significant differences between the ratings of the two agreement options. For a nominative construction with SV, only agreement by person and number of the pronoun is possible, while with VS, all strategies are rated as acceptable.
Seven shaburs, but one garment: peasant outerwear shabur(a)
Authors: Bobrova Maria V.
Published: September 2024

The study considers a dialect lexeme shabur(a), which refers to peasant outerwear made of coarse homespun material. In the dictionaries of the literary language, it is defined as a “light caftan”, but dialect materials indicate the incompleteness of such interpretation. The study argues that the lexeme shabur(a) has a broad system of meanings, including ‘demi-season clothing’, ‘men’s/women’s outerwear’, ‘worn, torn outerwear’ or ‘worn casual outerwear used for work’.
However, we often use the word shabur(a) to describe a garment of a specific cut made of a certain material. For instance, mainly in the Urals this word was used to denote clothes made of coarse canvas fabric, in Siberia — from coarse fabric in which canvas (linen) warp threads were intertwined with wool weft.
In different traditions, the style of the product is extremely variable. Such elements may differ: silhouette (straight / flared, loose / fitted, with or without assemblies around the waist / from the back), length (long / knee-length / short), ways of buttoning (buttoned / non-buttoned, single-breasted / double-breasted), collar (absent / stand / turn-down, narrow / wide), lining (absent / up to the waist). Combined in different variations, these features provided a) the mosaicism of local variants shabur(a) while preserving the common name, b) the specifics of the semantics development. The study indicates New meanings of the word shabur(a) and its numerous derivatives, word usage in proverbs and riddles, actualizing the semes ‘outer’, ‘rough, hard’, ‘badly protecting from the cold’, ‘very indigent’.
The article concludes that due to the broad ethno-socio-cultural context of the realia and their names, the lexeme shabur(a) has a significant variability of the denotative basis, which makes it difficult to determine the scope of its conceptual content and semantic structure.
National Dictionary Fund: New Opportunities and Prospects
Authors: Kalenchuk Maria L.
Published: September 2024

On behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, we have started working on the creation of the National Dictionary Fund (NDF). NDF is a digital resource that contains electronically recorded data on the functioning of the norms of the Russian language from various dictionaries. The development of NDF is due to the need to create a single, complete body of scientific knowledge, reliable and objective information about the norms of the Russian language in their current state and historical dynamics in a certain era of its development, as well as the history of the vocabulary of the modern Russian literary language from the time of its appearance to the present day. The system of Russian dictionaries will be integrated into a single network operating in a continuous development mode and representing an interactive dynamic model of the lexical system of the modern Russian language. It is supposed to have open access to information through a convenient digital tool with simple navigation. The NDF will be equipped with linguistic markup and an online search system for necessary information. NDF will offer the user not only the opportunity to see the information from a particular dictionary, but will also provide an expertly developed tool for extracting various types of language information from dictionaries.
Complete reduction of unstressed vowels in the standard russian language and its reflection in dictionaries
Authors: Savinov Dmitry M.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the complete reduction of unstressed vowels in the standard Russian language. The article shows that the cases of dieresis of unstressed vowels in the dictionaries of various types are not always represented consistently. For example, in the academic “Dictionary of the Modern Standard Russian language” variants with a graphic reflection of the vowel dieresis are noted in prítolka, páportnik, zhávronok, púgvitsa, but “Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language” fixes only the variants púgvitsa, púgvichnikъ. In orthoepic sources, the corresponding pronunciation recommendations are also contradictory: in the “Dictionary of Stress and Pronunciation of Words in the Russian Language” the variants príto[lk]a and próvo[lk]a are marked as incorrect, while in the “Big Orthoepic Dictionary” these variants are recognized as the main ones. The article proposes to distinguish, on the one hand, the lexical or morphological attachment of the vowel dieresis to a specific word or morpheme, and, on the other hand, the actual lexicalization of a pronunciation without a vowel. In the first case, fixing variants with vowel dieresis in orthoepic-type dictionaries seems redundant, since the choice of pronunciation, as a rule, depends on phrasal position and occurs automatically. In the second case, the pronunciation of the words does not necessarily derive from their spelling, and therefore they require orthoepic commentary.
On the etymology of the word konoval
Authors: Kruglikova Ludmila E.
Published: September 2024

The author of the article analyzes the etymology of the lexeme konoval, which originally served to name people who were engaged in grooming and treating horses, as well as other domestic animals. They were homegrown doctors. The attitude towards them was ambiguous. Frequent unsuccessful results of treatment led to the fact that the word konoval began to acquire a negative connotation and, as a result, in the 18th century there appeared another meaning of the word in Russian language: ‘a bad, unqualified doctor’.
There is no unity regarding the etymology of the lexeme konoval. There are two mutually exclusive points of view. M. Vasmer believes that this noun is borrowed from the Polish language. The compilers of the “Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language” edited by N. M. Shansky share this view. The authors of the Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages edited by O. N. Trubachev attribute this lexeme to the Proto-Slavic lexical fund.
The author examines in detail both versions of the origin of the lexeme. As a result of the analysis and referring to numerous Polish and East Slavic sources, we put forward a hypothesis that the word konoval is actually Russian. This lexeme originally belonged to the Old Russian language, and subsequently got into the Polish language through Ukrainian.
Rancang Bangun Tungku Biomassa Sebagai Alat Pengering Hasil Pertanian
Authors: Rasyid Syaharuddin , Nasrullah Baso , Hidayat Arif Nur Muhaimin , Nugraha Nugraha , Rezi Fandiyansyah Muh
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah menghasilkan prototype tungku biomassa yang dapat menghasilkan udara panas dan difungsikan sebagai media pengering hasil-hasil pertanian dan perkebunan. Metode penelitian dimulai dengan studi literatur, desain tungku ukutan 600x600x700 mm, pembuatan komponen, perakitan, pengambilan data suhu pembakaran menggunakan bahan bakar kayu yang dipotong dengan ukuran 50x60x250 mm dan tempurung kelapa ukuran 30x30x5 mm. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1). Telah diperoleh prototype tungku bahan bakar biomassa dengan ukuran 600x600x700 mm, 2). Hasil pengukuran suhu ruang pembakaran adalah ±200 OC, temperatur udara hasil pembakaran  yang disalurkan keruang pengering adalah ±50 oC, 3). laju pembakaran untuk biomassa (kayu dan tempurung kelapa) 0,29 kg/jam, 4). Kalor yang dihasilkan pada tempurung kelapa ialah 4,36 J, 4). Output temperatur ±50 oC sudah dapat diteruskan keruang pengering untuk menurunkan kelembaban dari hasil pertanian dan perkebunan.
A Pair of Possible Supernovae Refsdal in the Pantheon+ Sample
Authors: Sanejouand Yves Henri
Published: September 2024

On December 1980, supernova 1980N was discovered in NGC 1316, a galaxy of the Fornax cluster. Three months later, supernova 1981D was observed in the same galaxy. The light curves of these two supernovae Ia were found to be virtually identical, suggesting that they are images of the same event, the delay between them being due to strong gravitational lensing. If so, as anticipated by Sjur Refsdal, the distance to the lens can be determined accurately, namely, 90 \(\pm\) 1 kpc, meaning that it belongs to the outer halo of the Milky Way.

Interestingly, there is another pair of possible images in the Pantheon+ sample, namely, supernovae 2013aa and 2017cbv, the distance to the lens being 702 \(\pm\) 1 kpc, that is, nearly the same as the distance to the Andromeda galaxy.

In both cases, given the relatively large angle of deviation of the supernova light by the lens, namely, 271" and 325", respectively, the lens has to be a compact object, with a mass to radius ratio over 150 \(M_\odot R_\odot^{-1}\). It is likely to be an ultra massive white dwarf.
Political and economic aspects of Iran's relations with Central Asian countries
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Moldaliyeva A.I. , Kilybayeva P.K. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: September 2024

Central Asia holds economic and political significance for the Islamic Republic of Iran. Their cooperation has great potential for both sides. However, Iran's practical role in economic and political relations within the region remains limited. Currently, Iran does not have a significant position among the top ten economic partners of regional countries. Iran’s foreign trade with Central Asia is less than 2% of Iran’s total foreign trade. The most important reasons for this are the lack of priority given to economic development domestically, resulting in Iran's weakness in investment, technology, and the private sector, the lack of diplomatic priority for the region, and sanctions limiting Iran. Some developments in recent years have given hope for the expansion of cooperation between Iran and Central Asian countries. In this regard, we can refer to the preferential trade agreement between Iran and the Eurasian Economic Union from 2019, the free trade agreement from 2023, Iran's membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization from 2022, the neighborhood policy and the eastern policy of the new government from 2021. All these economic and political communications have been leading to an increase in development of relationships between Iran and Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Although bilateral relations between Iran and Kyrgyzstan are not particularly dynamic, but relations between Iran and Uzbekistan are the most complex in the region among the CA countries. All in all, Iran and Central Asian countries have taken important steps towards each other in order to have political stability and economic development over the last decade. Thus, Tehran has enormous potential for cooperation with the post-Soviet countries of Central Asia, but its implementation is closely connected with the geopolitical situation around Iran.
Interaction between the government and the opposition in the context of political modernization during the period of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Toraigyrov University, Kaliyev I.A. , Akishev A.A. ,   Toraigyrov University, Suleimenov M.A. ,   Innovative Eurasian University, Polomarchuk B.V. ,   Toraigyrov University
Published: September 2024

The diversity of judgments, approaches and interests of political actors are inherent in its essence. As a consequence, there is a problem of the relationship between the subjects who have achieved and realize power, and those who aim to achieve it or influence it. The latter are defined as the opposition. The very existence of alternative political or social forces capable of having a real impact on the process of making important state decisions is undoubtedly a prerequisite for building an effective democratic political system of the state. The ability of the opposition to openly express their ideas and opinions, to implement their tasks has a positive impact on the functioning of the entire political system as a whole. In our state, the activities of parties, organizations, and social movements are legislatively enshrined in Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to which «Ideological and political diversity is recognized in the Republic of Kazakhstan». The opposition in Kazakhstan has become part of the democratic process. Hence the great interest of scientists in the study of this phenomenon and its components. The problem of the relationship between the government and the opposition is relevant for many post-Soviet countries. In these States, the authorities confront various forces that criticize the official course. In order to ensure civil consent, the authorities should choose the optimal forms of interaction with respect to any forms of opposition. This is necessary for the successful implementation of reforms and the integration of political forces into the construction of a democratic state.
Turkic Nestorianism in Kazakhstan and neighboring territories
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kalikov R.K. , Valeev R.M. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: September 2024

This article is dedicated to the question of spread of Nestorian Christianity among medieval Turks in Central Asia. Nestorian Christianity in certain period was the most spread and influential branch of Christianity in Central Asia and neighboring territories. In some regions Nestorianism received significant development, the evidence of which are archeological materials and written sources. Nestorian Christianity is associated with the teachings of the Byzantine archbishop Nestorius, a native of Syria, who became head of the Diocese of Constantinople in 428. The Diophysite teaching of Nestorius, based on the idea of the dual nature of Jesus as divine and human. This article aims to review the available sources on Turkic Nestorianism, in an attempt to classify them and analyze the materials. Sources on the history of Turkic Nestorianism in Kazakhstan and neighboring territories can be divided by origin into Syrian, Persian, Arabic, Byzantine, Chinese, native Turkic, and Syro-Turkic. Archaeological and epigraphic data play an important role. The authors analyzes the content of the Suja inscription and other texts, examines the essence of Nestorian ideas, and reveals the history of the emergence and spread of Turkic Nestorianism.
Analysis of Turkic motives in the short stories of M. Auezov
Authors:   East Kazakhstan University named after S.Amanzholov, Аzatbakyt А.А. , Kartayeva A.M. ,   East Kazakhstan University named after S.Amanzholov, Alkaya Y. ,   Firat University
Published: September 2024

This article considers the methods of studying and teaching psychologism in the stories of one of the greatest writers of modern times, Mukhtar Auezov, who had his place in Kazakh literature. Regarding the relevance of the problems of studying the stories of M.Auezov in Kazakh literary studies, the author notes several scientists studying the stories of writers. Based on scientific work, the character’s psychology in the stories of M.Auezov is considered a scientific form. In addition, the article analyzes the works, conclusions, and views of scientists who studied the writer’s stories. Naming the period of study of the writer's stories, the author refers to the conclusions of scientists who, as a result of the scientific and practical significance of the work, classified the problems of psychologism in the stories of M. Auezov, the image of the hero, psychologism in the work of art. Considering the conclusions of these scientists, the analysis of the writer's stories proves their relevance and significance. In the process of comparing and classifying conclusions, the author clearly expresses his own opinion. In addition, the article analyzes the character images in the writer's stories such as "In the Shade of the Past", "Who is blamed?", "An innocent girl", and discusses and differentiates the reproductive and research methods of teaching in higher educational institution.
Cooperation between Kazakhstan and the European Union in the field of the principles of democracy
Authors:   Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, Sarsenbayeva Zh.G.
Published: September 2024

The article reveals the history of partnership between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the European Union. The significance of the 1995 and 2015 Agreements between the two parties is analyzed. The main purpose of the article is to evaluate the contribution of the agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the European Union to the development of democracy. Articles of both agreements are considered separately. The ways of solving such issues as human rights, the rule of law, freedom of opinion of citizens and the right to vote are described. The author defines the contribution of the two agreements to the development of democratic principles. In the first years of its independence, the Republic of Kazakhstan sought primarily to strengthen state sovereignty. That is why close ties with international organizations and states have been established as the main positions of foreign policy, which contribute to the preservation of territorial integrity, economic development and environmental security, political stability and the rule of law in public life. He paid much attention to the development of democracy in the state. Much attention was paid to integration processes in the European space. Along with the Eurasian Union, close ties have been established in the post-Soviet space with European countries, where democratic principles have long been established. That is why he became a member of organizations such as the UN and the OSCE. They established diplomatic relations with developed countries and exchanged experiences on issues such as effective public administration. Particular attention was paid to the European Union. Because the European states within the union had many years of experience in democratic governance. The Association of European States also actively supported the initiative of Kazakhstan. The decisive role is played by the important geopolitical position of Kazakhstan. At the same time, the leadership role of Kazakhstan in Central Asia is considered high.
Pelatihan Metode Pembelajaran Mind Mapping Bagi Guru Mata Pelajaran di MI Darul Ma'arif
Authors: Ashoumi Hilyah , Chotimah Chusnul , Zulfah Machnunah Ani , Rahmawati Richa , M. Iftani Lailatul
Published: September 2024

Lembaga pendidikan ini dipilih karena penerapan metode pembelajaran dalam kelas oleh guru masih mengunakan metode konvensinal. Fasilitas sarana dan prasarana di lembaga ini masih kurang memadai untuk menunjang media pembelajaran yang menyangkut penggunaan metode pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara di MI Darul Maâ€™arif guru-guru sudah diarahkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran menyesuaikan dengan kurikulum 2013. Walaupun sudah menerapkan pelajaran sesuai kurikulum namun belum terlaksana secara optimal dan efisien. Hal ini didasari dengan kurangnya pemahaman guru terhadap kurikulum 2013 serta berbagai kesibukan para guru sehingga kurangnya waktu dalam mengembangkan kreativitas dan  inovasi untuk menerapkan metode pembelajaran di kelas. Metode kegiatan yang akan digunakan meliputi pengamatan (observasi), wawancara, do-kumentasi, sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan monev (monitoring dan evaluasi). Pengamatan (observasi) dan wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui perma-salahan mitra. Hasil dari kegiatan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa beberapa guru peserta pelatihan mengalami kebingungan ketika menghadapi mata pelajaran yang sulit untuk menyajikan dengan metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kurikulum k13. Kegiatan pelatihan ini juga dilaksanakan penyebaran angket pemahaman materi dengan disebarkan setelah kegiatan pelatihan. Hasil pengisian angket tersebut menunjukkan bahwa peserta pelatihan mengalami peningkatan pemahaman materi mind mapping sesuai kurikulum 2013.
Senam Otak dan Jantung untuk Pasien Orang dalam Gangguan Jiwa Desa Brodot
Authors: Waslah Waslah , Mukminin M. Roisul , Tri Yuliyanti Windy
Published: September 2024

Pada umumnya semua angota keluarga sangat sedih dan prihatin atas penyakit yang menimpa salah satu angota keluaganya itu, kondisi itu dirasakan oleh ayah,ibu, dan saudaranya, namun seiring berjalanya waktu keluarga mulai terbiasa dan pasrah menerima keadaan tersebut. Hikmah dari musibah itu mebuat keluarga siap dan sanggup  menghadapi berbagai cobaan dan ujian dalam hidupnya, bukan hanya cobaan yang berkaitan dengan gangguann jiwa, tetapi semakin kuat dalam memjalani kehidupan ini.
Pendampingan PKBR (Persiapan Kehidupan Berkeluarga Bagi Remaja) Karang Taruna Desa Mojokambang Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Maarif Iin Baroroh , Hanifah Hanifah , Agustina Ulfa Wulan , Rachman Abd. Arif
Published: September 2024

Pada era millennium sekarang ini perkembangan dan pegaulan generasi muda sangat bebas. Adanya media social semakin membuat segala hal mudah di akses dan di dapatkan. Dampak dari hal ini adalah meningkatnya kenakalan remaja, penyalahgunaan narkoba serta penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang dilakukan remaja-remaja lainnya. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan memberi wawasan pengetahuan pada para remaja untuk selalu mawas diri dan tidak terjerumus pada kenakalan remaja atau penyalahgunaan narkoba serta lainnya. Seks bebas juga menjadi salah satu perhatian karena sudah banyak terjadi pernikahan dini karena pergaulan bebas tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sosialisasi, diskusi serta pendampingan pada para remaja. Hasil dari kegiatan ini membantu para generasi muda untuk selalu mawas diri dan tidak terjerumus pada hal-hal negative tersebut.
Peningkatan Kualitas dan Kekompakan Pemuda di Desa Brangkal melalui Kegiatan Seminar Motivasi Kepemudaan
Authors: Putra Ino Angga , Wulandari Kartika , Harun Lukman , Maghfirotul Azmi
Published: September 2024

Kepemudaan perlu dibentuk dan dibina agar memberikan dampak yang baik untuk regenerasi di masa mendatang. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini antara lain: a) Meningkatkan menejerial dari pemuda dusun Brangkal dan dusun Kedungsari, dan b) Meningkatkan minat dan antusiasme pemuda dalam pergerakan pemuda di desa. Mitra pengabdian adalah para pemuda di Desa Brangkal. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 30 Oktober 2020. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini mendatangkan narasumber dari salah satu dosen di Universitas KH. A. Wahab Hasbullah. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dibantu oleh 4 orang mahasiswa untuk mengkoordinir peserta pada kegiatan sosialisasi. Hasil kegiatan dari seminar motivasi kepemudaan diperoleh bahwa 98% peserta pelatihan menyatakan kegiatan ini memberikan manfaat yang sangat baik untuk mendukung keterampilan pemuda di Desa Brangkal. Melalui kegiatan pelatihan workshop ini juga dapat mengembangkan keterampilan peserta dalam menggunakan IT. Melalui workshop ini diperoleh data hasil observasi kepuasan bahwa kegiatan ini memberikan manfaat yang lebih serta menambah wawasan pemuda di Desa Brangkal dalam mengghadapi tantangan di masa mendatang.
Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar melalui Game Edukatif di Era New Normal
Authors: Widya Moh. Anshori Aris , Airlangga Primaadi , Husna Ninik Lailatul , Widianingsih Dwi
Published: September 2024

Kesulitan pendampingan belajar oleh orangtua juga ditemui pada mata pelajaran tertentu yang dirasa sulit seperti matematika, dan bahasa Inggris. Sehingga apabila materi yang sulit dan disampaikan dengan media yang susah dipahami membuat siswa Sekolah Dasar dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Desa Gondangmanis kurang antusias ketika belajar online. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya rasa ketertarikan dan kurangnya perhatian siswa untuk mengikuti pembelajaran yang sedang berlangsung. Selain itu materi yang disampaikan tidak dapat diserap dengan baik karena media yang digunakan oleh guru kurang menarik atau bersifat monoton. Ketika hal ini terjadi pada tahap pembelajaran dasar siswa akan mengalami kesulitan mengikuti materi-materi pembelajaran selanjutnya. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan game edukasi untuk proses belajar online yang menyenangkan dan  memiliki tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan dan pemahaman siswa dengan mudah dan menyenangkan melalui game edukasi â€œHappily Learnâ€, membantu proses pendampingan belajar melalui pemanfaatan media belajar game edukasi â€œHappily Learnâ€. Hasil dari kegiatan ini bermanfaat memberikan tambahan wawasan dan pengetahuan mengenai belajar mudah dan menyenangkan, menumbuhkan semangat motivasi belajar siswa SD dan MI di Desa Gondangmanis, membantu guru untuk memberikan media yang disukai siswa, dapat digunakan dengan mudah, menyenangkan dan dapat mudah untuk memahami materi yang diberikan.