bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender legislation in France: Empirical evidence from non-compliant firms
Authors: Yousfi Ouidad , Loukil Nadia
Published: November 2024

This paper studies non-compliant firms with gender legislation and why some businesses are taking the risk of not binding the gender quotas. It is conducted on firms listed on the SBF120 index, after the introduction of the gender law of Copé and Zimmermann, in 2011.
Our findings show that gender diversity on advisory committees, unlike monitoring committees, is likely to decrease the non-compliance likelihood. Non-compliant firms have busy members, specifically among men and long-tenured CEOs who are serving in non-dual structures. Regarding women's profiles, non-compliant boards are prone to hire short-tenured and local female candidates. Finally, their financial and social performances are not damaged while their corporate risks are decreased. When penalties are not required against non-compliant firms, refractory businesses do not bear “real” costs.
The Influence of Idependent Learning and Independent Campus Program on Students Quality Improvement
Authors: Murah Murah , Mashur Mashur , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Rahman Imam Aulia
Published: November 2024

The implementation of the MBKM (Independent Learning and Independent Campus)program in universities needs to be evaluated so that its impact on students and universities can be known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of MBKM (Independent Learning and Independent Campus)on improving the quality of students at Gunung Rinjani University. The research method applied was the causal associative method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 273 Gunung Rinjani University students. The research sample was 40 people who participated in the MBKM (Independent Learning and Independent Campus) program with the Purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used a questionnaire via Google Form and documentation. Data analysis through the stages of classical assumption testing, simple linear regression testing and hypothesis testing with the heled of SPSS. The results of the study obtained a variable regression coefficient of 1.249, which means that the MBKM (Independent Learning and Independent Campus)Program variable has a positive and significant effect on improving the quality of Gunung Rinjani University students. The results of the t-test obtained a significant value for the MBKM (Independent Learning and Independent Campus)Program variable (X) of 0.00, where this value was smaller than the probability value determined by the researcher of 0.05, while the calculated t value obtained was 6.850> from the t-table value of 2.021, so it can be concluded that the MBKM (Independent Learning and Independent Campus)Program variable has a positive and significant effect on improving the quality of students at Gunung Rinjani University.
Optimalisasi biaya produksi dan peningkatan laba melalui analisis biaya volume dan laba pada Dolphin Bakery
Authors: Katemba Destiana , Sabijono Harijanto , Mintalangi Syermi S. E.
Published: November 2024

Cost Volume Profit analysis (CVP) is a technique or tool that provides an unparalleled understanding of a company's costs, sales volume, and profit earned over a certain period. It does this by offering a clear explanation of the relationship between a company's costs, volume, and profit. This study will determine how production costs can be optimized and profits increased through the analysis of volume costs and profits in Dolphin Bakery. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research method. The results demonstrate that the contribution margin has exceeded fixed costs, significantly contributing to the company's profit. The break-even point indicates that revenue has exceeded the point of no profit and loss, while the margin of safety shows that the maximum number of sales is safe. These findings highlight the necessity for effective planning and pricing strategies to achieve higher profit targets.
Graduation Success Navigating the Path to Postgraduate Completion
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Saraih Ummi Naiemah , Zainol Abidin Noorazeela , Azemi Saidatul Norlyana , Che Ismail Rizalafande
Published: November 2024

Welcome to Graduation Success: Navigating the Path to Postgraduate Completion. This guide is your dedicated companion, mentor and source of empowerment, inviting you on a transformative journey through the nuanced landscape of postgraduate studies. Crafted with a deep understanding of the challenges and triumphs in this educational odyssey, our collective commitment to your success drives this comprehensive resource. ‘Graduation Success’ is more than instructions; it's a carefully curated roadmap to overcome challenges, make informed decisions and celebrate achievements. Drawing from our experiences and successful scholars', these pages provide tools to navigate postgraduate complexities, whether you're beginning your academic journey or nearing its culmination. Consider this guide a trusted companion, offering advice and support during the highs and lows of your academic pursuit. Authored by an expert proficient in both social science and science research domains, the guide draws from extensive experiences as educators and contributors to research in diverse fields. Rooted in practical experiences, the guide provides valuable insights, making ‘Graduation Success’ an essential resource navigating the distinctive challenges and opportunities inherent in both social science and scientific research arenas.
The Weaponisation of Toys and Implications for the Air Force
Authors:   Australian Defence Force, Hodson Ryan
Published: November 2024

The 'poor man's air force' is a term for employing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hobbyist drones or uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) to strategic level military effect, and that effect cannot be understated (Waters, 2018; Nadeau, 2022; Shift, 2023). The ability for terror organisations to coordinate multiple layers of effects, including using COTS drones, to destroy Command and Control (C2) nodes in Israel causes alarm. Couple this with the use of COTS drones for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, strike and battle-damage assessment missions, and the threat posed by what are essentially toys is alarmingly real.
You Started It! Change Resistance is Natural & Predictable!
Authors:   Australian Defence Force, Pope Nick
Published: November 2024

It’s time to have a conversation if resistance to change is actually a bad thing. Not much in life is black & white, and categorising our people as being either for or against change, is at best an oversimplification and at worst is poor leadership. We need to stop being shocked that not everyone reacts the way we would like to our brilliant change plan. People think differently, that’s diversity; that same diversity of thought increases the probability of resistance to change, due to difference of opinion. I will use physics concepts and leadership theory to offer a different perspective on change, and how leaders can harness resistance to improve the chances of successful change management.
Mediating Role of Brand Perception and Big Data Analytics between Consumer Experiential Components and Consumer Behavior
Authors:   Department of Business Administration-General, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Sarna Faria Zahan , Chowdhury NHM Hassan Imam ,   Department of CSE, Bangladesh Army International University of Science & Technology, Cumilla, Bangladesh.
Published: November 2024

The study aims to explore the mediating roles of brand perception and big data analytics between consumer experiential components and consumer behavior. It seeks to understand how these factors collectively influence consumer satisfaction and loyalty in a digital marketplace. A structured survey questionnaire was designed and distributed among consumers. Data were collected from 300 respondents, primarily from urban areas. The collected data were analysed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS4 to test the hypotheses and examine the relationships between the variables. The results revealed that customer experience and cultural influence have significant positive impacts on consumer behavior. However, product characteristics, digital marketing strategy, brand perception, and big data analytics did not show significant direct effects. The study also found that brand perception and big data analytics did not significantly mediate the relationships between the experiential components and consumer behavior. The findings provide valuable insights for businesses aiming to enhance consumer engagement and satisfaction. By focusing on improving customer experience and aligning marketing strategies with cultural influences, businesses can better influence consumer behavior. Additionally, leveraging big data analytics for deeper consumer insights can further refine marketing strategies. This study is one of the first to investigate the combined mediating roles of brand perception and big data analytics in the relationship between consumer experiential components and consumer behavior. The insights from this research contribute to the theoretical understanding and practical application of these concepts in enhancing consumer satisfaction and loyalty.
Comment: The Dollar Store Conundrum
Authors: Ehlinger Madeline
Published: November 2024

Dollar stores are everywhere. Unlike big-box stores like Walmart or Target, these small box stores slot neatly into local downtowns, urban and rural alike. Because of the ease with which these stores can set up shop, the majority of Americans live less than five miles from a dollar store franchise. Opening at an impressive and alarming rate across the county, localities have stopped to question whether the dollar stores are worth their dollar price tags.
Many local zoning boards have decided that the answer to that question is undoubtably no, coming to several important conclusions. Dollar store entry leads to their local grocer’s exit, resulting in a loss of both jobs and access to produce and other fresh food. Crime rates climb steadily upwards in the immediate vicinities of where the shops open. In the wake of these realizations, scholars have conducted studies to determine if these conclusions are empirically supported. The majority of these studies have answered that inquiry affirmatively, bolstering the local conclusions further.
Beneath the obvious and increasingly statistically proven negative trends lies something more sinister. This Comment argues that dollar stores are part of our country’s longstanding history of local race-based exclusionary zoning. That history resulted in today’s affordable housing crisis, which has cemented both race-based and income-based inequality nationwide. This Comment aims to demonstrate the parallels between the affordable housing crisis and the dollar store invasion, arguing that the two crises are cut from the same cloth.
Dozens of local zoning boards across the country have passed zoning ordinances aimed at stopping the dollar store spread. This Comment argues that the solution lies in statewide action and legislation, attacking the problem from a necessarily higher level. Although the actions of localities are commendable and potentially impactful, the solution to the dollar store invasion cannot come wholly from local zoning—the very process that arguably gave birth to the dollar store rise to begin with. The host of issues associated with dollar stores are only becoming more pressing, demanding a statewide response. This response is necessary not only to address the immediate concerns of the dollar store spread, but also to remedy the decades-long injustice caused by exclusionary zoning. Just as states have belatedly stepped in to address the affordable housing crisis, states must take action to cure the dollar store conundrum.
Implementation of PID Control for Angular Position Control of Dynamixel Servo Motor
Authors: Ramadhani Nur , Ma'arif Alfian , Çakan Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Dynamixel servo motors, characterized by their compact size and high torque output, are made of high-quality materials that ensure the necessary strength and structural robustness against external forces. However, these motors are prone to overheating under certain internal conditions, such as temperature or supply voltage fluctuations during prolonged use. This research aims to design and apply PID control methodology to regulate Dynamixel servo motors. The research includes motor implementation using the PID method and subsequent testing with varying voltage inputs ranging from 11V to 12V. Addressing these issues involves using the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control method, widely recognized for its reliability in controlling motor speed. The research successfully designed Dynamixel servo motors capable of PID-controlled rotation according to predefined reference values. The motor's PID control design involved multiple trial runs - up to 5 instances - for each proportional, integral, and derivative control. The default PID parameter implementation did not match the setpoint; however, a re-tuned PID method yielded optimal results with parameter values Kp = 0.01000; Ki = 0.02703; Kd = 0.00005. Test results showed that the PID-controlled Dynamixel servomotor accurately achieved the expected angular output of 75°. In addition, tests using voltage inputs ranging from 11.00 to 12.00 volts showed stable operation without changing the servo motor's angular position before applying the PID control value, ensuring consistent motion even as the voltage drops.
A Thorough Analysis of the Opportunities and Challenges of Community Microgrid System Based on Renewable Energy in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Md Rakibur , Sarker Sudip , Halim Md Abdul , Ibrahim Salah , Haque Abrarul
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this extensive research is to assess the possible benefits and challenges related to the implementation of renewable energy-powered community microgrid systems in Bangladesh. Within the framework of Bangladesh's energy environment, the study aims to identify interesting possibilities present in such systems. Notable benefits include less reliance on traditional fossil fuels, increased accessibility to energy, and possible socioeconomic advantages for nearby populations. In addition, several issues that can prevent these microgrid systems from being deployed smoothly are carefully examined in this research. For sustained execution, these difficulties require a comprehensive and varied strategy since they involve technical complexities, economic concerns, regulatory obstacles, and social elements. Critical attention is paid to matters including community involvement, financial feasibility, regulatory frameworks, and the erratic nature of renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the research incorporates a comparative evaluation of current international community microgrid initiatives, deriving significant knowledge and lessons that are relevant to Bangladesh's particular circumstances. The study uses a comparative lens to attempt to provide useful and knowledgeable suggestions for stakeholders, energy practitioners, and policymakers who are involved in determining the future course of community microgrid projects in Bangladesh. When it comes to ecology, renewable energy sources like hydroelectric, solar, and wind power are far superior to fossil fuels. They decrease air and water pollution and emit the fewest greenhouse gases possible. Globally, there is an increasing interest in microgrid systems due to the pressing need to combat climate change, increase energy security, foster economic growth, and ensure that everyone has access to clean, dependable electricity. This paper offers a roadmap for the effective integration of community microgrid projects customized to Bangladesh's unique energy landscape, acting as a nuanced guide for strategic development.
Book Review on Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Neomar Giacomini; Energy Smart Appliances: Applications, Methodologies, and Challenges (2023)‏
Authors: Mousa Hossam H. H. , Mahmoud Karar , Lehtonen Matti
Published: November 2024

Recently, the integration of new industrial technologies is significantly increased into the utility grid such as renewable energy sources (RESs), distributed energy resources (DERs), energy source systems (ESSs), electric vehicles (EVs), and multi-carrier energy systems (MESs). So, robust energy management strategies are required to regulate the power-exchange between the generations and end-users for improving the power system's reliability and stability and reducing the energy costs. Thus, the demand-side management (DSM) strategies and demand response (DR) programs are utilized to control the energy smart appliances for residential building which achieving by various strategies, required infrastructure, energy market signals, etc. Several textbooks and articles investigate this important topic. However, the book entitled “Antonio Moreno-Munoz; Neomar Giacomini; Energy Smart Appliances: Applications, Methodologies, and Challenges (2023)”, is the most recent prominent comprehensive reference for DSM strategies in smart grids. Hence, this article proposes a book review and discussion of its most important contributions to DSM strategies by dividing them into four main contributions. Which helps the reader in realizing the recent developments on DSM strategies based on this book’s contents.
Investigations on Grid-Connected DFIWGs Development and Performance Analysis with the Support of Crowbar and STATCOM
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally , Benlaloui Idriss , Benbouya Basma , Ibrahim Nagwa F.
Published: November 2024

These days, one of the most used layouts in the wind power industry is a variable-speed doubly-fed induction wind generator (DFIWG). To provide real and reactive power (PQ) control during grid failures, this research examines the DFIWG. The system's transient behavior is examined under normal and abnormal conditions. Through rotor side converter (RSC) and grid side converter (GSC) control, Q assistance for the grid, and power converter stress reduction, the suggested control approach achieves system stability while enabling DFIWG to operate smoothly during grid failures. By suppressing rotor and stator overcurrent, DC link voltage (VDC) overshoot, and PQ oscillations, as well as supporting the grid voltage (GV) under both balanced and unbalanced grid fault scenarios with distinct voltage dips, the suggested technique preserves the system characteristics during grid faults. MATLAB/SIMULINK 2017b is used for time-domain computer simulations. STATCOM and crowbar, two suggested systems, are contrasted. This work proves the effectiveness of the suggested approaches in augmenting the system's fault ride-through (FRT) capacity.
Motion System of a Four-Wheeled Robot Using a PID Controller Based on MPU and Rotary Encoder Sensors
Authors: Sagita Muhamad Rian , Ma’arif Alfian , Furizal Furizal , Rekik Chokri , Caesarendra Wahyu , Majdoubi Rania
Published: November 2024

This research addresses the challenge of developing an effective motion system for a four-wheeled omnidirectional robot configured with wheels at a 45-degree angle, allowing for holonomic movement—motion in any direction without changing orientation. In this system, inverse kinematics calculates each wheel's angular velocity to optimize movement. PID control is implemented to stabilize motor speeds, while odometry guides and determines the robot’s position using initial and target coordinates. The robot operates on a 12-volt power supply and two STM32F103C microcontrollers, utilizing an MPU6050 sensor to maintain orientation and optical rotary encoders for accurate positional tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that the robot achieves optimal motion on x and y axes with PID settings of kP = 0.8, kI = 1.0, and kD = 0.08. This configuration yields a rise time of 0.95 seconds, overshoot of 7.36%, and steady-state error of -0.5 RPM at a setpoint of 350 RPM. Using odometry, the robot successfully navigates various movement patterns with average position errors of 1.2% on the x-axis and 1.6% on the y-axis for rectangular patterns, 2.1% on the x-axis and 2.2% on the y-axis for zig-zag patterns, and 1.75% on the x-axis and 1.15% on the y-axis for triangular patterns. The MPU6050 sensor maintains orientation with an error of 0.65% in triangular patterns and 0.85% in rectangular patterns. Through inverse kinematics, PID control, and sensor integration, the robot reliably follows designated coordinate points.
Plataformas Basadas en Inteligencia Artificial para el Aprendizaje Autónomo del Inglés
Authors: Tello Coello Luis Enrique , Morales Buitrón Paola Alexandra , Ocaña Gavilanez Mercedes Magdalena , Lindao González Lizbeth Shyrley
Published: November 2024

Este artículo de revisión exploró el potencial de las plataformas basadas en inteligencia artificial (IA) para fomentar el aprendizaje autónomo del inglés en el nivel de bachillerato en Ecuador y su proyección con la Educación Superior. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura existente, se analizaron las ventajas, desafíos y oportunidades que ofrecen estas herramientas tecnológicas en el contexto educativo ecuatoriano. La metodología empleada consistió en una revisión sistemática y cualitativa de artículos científicos indexados en bases de datos especializadas. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que las plataformas de IA pueden personalizar el aprendizaje, aumentar la motivación y mejorar el desempeño lingüístico de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, se identificaron desafíos relacionados con la calidad de los contenidos, la accesibilidad tecnológica y la necesidad de una formación docente adecuada. Se concluye que las plataformas de IA representan una herramienta prometedora para la enseñanza del inglés en Ecuador, pero su implementación debe ser acompañada de estrategias pedagógicas sólidas y un acompañamiento docente personalizado.
Revolutionizing BPH Management: The Role of Cucurbita pepo Seed in Targeting Prostatic Biomarkers and Shaping Public Health Strategies for Prostate Health
Authors:   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria., Alfred Nwuruku Olisa ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria, Ama Ibiam Udu ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Published: November 2024

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition affecting aging men, is characterized by the gradual enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to urinary and other health issues. By the age of 50, over 50% of men are affected, and the prevalence increases with age. Current treatments, including pharmaceuticals and surgery, often come with high costs and limited efficacy, creating a need for alternative, cost-effective therapies. Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) seed extract has emerged as a promising dietary supplement for managing BPH, with preclinical studies demonstrating its ability to reduce prostatic enlargement, alleviate oxidative stress, and reduce inflammation. This paper examines the effects of Cucurbita pepo seed extract on prostate health, particularly its role in reducing prostatic changes and its broader public health implications. The findings suggest that Cucurbita pepo seed extract can be an effective and safe home remedy, providing a low-cost alternative for managing BPH symptoms and potentially reducing the reliance on traditional medical treatments.

Keywords: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Cucurbita Pepo, Seed Extract, Prostate Health, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Natural Treatment, Dietary Supplement, Public Health, Elderly Men, Alternative Medicine
Development of an Effective Hybrid Text Plagiarism Detection System using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, S.O Adejumo , S.M Alade ,   Department of Computer Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, G.I Akawuku ,   Department of Computer Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, H.E. Eze ,   Department of Computer Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Published: November 2024

In recent times, there has been a great spread of plagiarism as a result to the advancement on internet technology, which has brought about large volume of information to be share on the internet in several fields and discipline. The design and implementation of a Plagiarism Detection System for Nigerian Public University’ is a detailed approach to dealing with academic plagiarism at the university. The study examined the existing systems relating to the plagiarism detection model as well as system, designed the model for the plagiarism system, implement the proposed system, and evaluate the developed system on various performance metrics. The system used a Hybrid Methodology by combining text-based, semantic-based, and machine learning-based techniques to analyze academic submissions. The proposed system has been shown to be efficient and effective, with an average accuracy of 80%, precision score of 0.90, recall score of 0.80, F-measure of 0.82, granularity of 0.93(≈1.000) and a plagdet percent or score of 0.8856 in detecting plagiarized documents. The study highlights the risks associated with academic plagiarism, the development of a database of research papers, and the evaluation of machine-learning techniques for plagiarism detection. The report emphasizes the importance of developing effective plagiarism detection systems to promote academic integrity and originality in academic institutions. This project is a significant contribution to the computer science field and has the potential to positively impact academic integrity in Nigerian public University and beyond.

Keywords: Hybrid Text, Plagiarism, Detection, Machine Learning and Techniques
The Link between Malaria and Hematological Disorders: Epidemiological Trends and Blood Cell Alterations
Authors:   Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda, Igwe Matthew Chibunna , Ogbuabor Ogbonna Alphonsus ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Ifeoma Egbachukwu Blessing ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Ikechukwu Egba Simeon ,   Department of Biochemistry, Research and Publications, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: November 2024

This work delves into the intricate dynamics between malaria and hematological disorders, with a particular focus on elucidating the interplay between epidemiological trends and blood cell alterations. By meticulously dissecting the existing literature, this study aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which malaria influences blood cell alterations and contributes to the development of various hematological complications. This review underscores the urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates epidemiology, hematology, and pathology to better understand this complex relationship. Furthermore, it systematically unravels the diverse hematological disorders that arise as sequelae of malaria infection, providing a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiological dimensions and consequences of these complications. Building upon this foundation, this study investigates the molecular connection between hemoglobinopathies and malaria susceptibility, exploring the protective effects conferred by certain genetic variants against severe malaria. Drawing upon existing epidemiological data and cutting-edge molecular analyses, this paper highlights novel avenues for malaria management and intervention strategies. The conclusions and future perspectives presented in this paper emphasize the imperative of an integrated approach that synthesizes epidemiological knowledge with molecular insights, ultimately advancing our ability to mitigate the burdens imposed by malaria and its associated hematological morbidities. By bridging the fields of epidemiology and hematology, this research contributes to the broader understanding of malaria pathogenesis and paves the way for enhanced diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive measures in the fight against this global health threat.

Keyword: Malaria, Hematology Disorders, Epidemiological Trends and Blood Cell Alterations
The Role of the Immune System in Tissue Repair and Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy Kampala International University Uganda, Fred Mangen Joshua
Published: November 2024

Tissue repair and regeneration are essential processes that restore tissue structure and function after injury. The immune system plays a critical role in orchestrating these processes, regulating inflammation, clearing debris, and promoting tissue regeneration through complex interactions with tissue-specific stem cells and resident immune cells. Key immune players, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells, coordinate the early inflammatory phase, while macrophages, particularly M2-polarized macrophages, facilitate tissue repair by secreting growth factors like **VEGF** and **TGF-β**. The balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is crucial for proper healing; dysregulated immune activity can lead to chronic wounds, fibrosis, or autoimmune-related tissue damage. In conditions like chronic wounds or liver fibrosis, prolonged inflammation hinders the repair process, emphasizing the need for controlled immune responses. Therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating immune activity, including the use of stem cells, immune-modulatory drugs, and biomaterials, hold promise in enhancing tissue repair and regeneration. This review highlights the key roles of immune cells in tissue repair, the impact of immune dysregulation on healing, and the therapeutic potential of targeting immune pathways to improve regenerative outcomes. Understanding the immune mechanisms behind tissue repair opens new avenues for treating chronic diseases and promoting tissue regeneration in clinical settings.

Keywords: Immune system, Tissue repair, Regeneration, Macrophages, Immune modulation
Comparative Studies on the Physicochemical Attributes of Biscuit from African Yam Bean, Brown Rice and Soyabean Flours
Authors:   Department of Food Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Chidozie Chigbo, Daniel , Ikechukwu Simeon ,   Department of Biochemistry and Research, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comparative study on the physical and proximate composition of biscuits made from different flour sources including wheat, African yam bean, brown rice, and soybeans. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional value and quality attributes of biscuits derived from alternative flour sources, in comparison to the conventional wheat-based biscuits. Flours of African yam bean, brown rice and soybean were produced using conventional methods. Biscuits were further produced from the flours of African yam bean, soybean and brown rice using the creamy method. The physical characteristics such as weight, thickness, diameter and spread ratio as well as the proximate composition including moisture content, protein, fat, ash, fibre and carbohydrate content of the formulated biscuits as well as the control (wheat flour biscuit) were analyzed and compared among the different biscuit samples. The results on the biscuit samples revealed the following ranges: physical properties: weight 13.31-20.15g, thickness 0.68-0.81cm, diameter 5.03-5.90cm, and spread ratio 7.65-11.15; proximate parameters: moisture 4.70-7.70%, ash 3.50-4.90%, fibre 0.15-7.50%, protein 11.50-30.50%, fat 10.84-22.75% and carbohydrate 40.30-63.50%. The findings suggest that these alternative flour sources offer promising opportunities for the development of nutritious and sustainable biscuit products. The findings of the study further provide valuable insights into the potential of alternative flour sources in biscuit production and their implications for nutrition and food security.

Keywords: Biscuits, physical properties, proximate composition, comparative analysis
Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Immunomodulatory Agents: Potential for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Engineering Kampala International University Uganda, Adie Awafung Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-bound particles released by various cell types, including immune and non-immune cells, and play crucial roles in intercellular communication. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs have significant immunomodulatory properties, influencing various aspects of immune responses and contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review explores the biogenesis, composition, and functional roles of EVs, focusing on their potential as novel immunomodulatory agents. We discuss how EVs can modulate immune cell activation, differentiation, and function, highlighting their roles in promoting immune tolerance and regulating inflammatory processes. Furthermore, we explore the therapeutic applications of EVs in managing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including their potential as biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and therapeutic agents. We also address the challenges and limitations associated with EV research, including isolation techniques, standardization, and the need for a better understanding of their mechanisms of action. This review emphasizes the potential of EVs as innovative therapeutic strategies for treating autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, paving the way for future research to harness their immunomodulatory capabilities.

Keywords: Extracellular vesicles, Immunomodulation, Autoimmune diseases, Inflammatory diseases, Intercellular communication
Immunomodulation through the Circadian Clock: Impacts on Inflammation and Immunity
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy Kampala International University Uganda, Erisa Kungu
Published: November 2024

The circadian clock, an intrinsic timekeeping system regulating physiological functions over a 24-hour cycle, profoundly influences immune responses and inflammation. Immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, exhibit circadian rhythms in their numbers, function, and migration. These rhythms are regulated by both central and peripheral clocks, synchronizing immune cell activity with environmental cues. The circadian clock modulates key immune processes such as leukocyte trafficking, cytokine production, and phagocytosis, affecting the body’s ability to respond to pathogens and tissue injury. Furthermore, circadian rhythms tightly control inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB signaling, and regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory states in macrophages. Disruptions to circadian rhythms—due to factors like shift work or sleep disorders—are associated with heightened inflammation and increased risk for inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune disorders, metabolic syndromes, and cancer. Understanding how circadian rhythms govern immune functions has significant implications for chronotherapy, which aims to optimize the timing of treatments to improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects. This review explores the mechanisms through which the circadian clock modulates immune responses and inflammation, highlighting the potential for circadian-based therapies in managing inflammatory and immune-related diseases.

Keywords: Circadian clock, immunity, inflammation, immune cells, chronotherapy.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Steroids in Autoimmune Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Case Studies in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, and Asthma
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Ishaka, Idreis Nagm Eldeen Mohamed Abbker , Alnour Ramzi Mohamed Adam ,   Department of Paediatrics Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Ishaka
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive review evaluates the efficacy of corticosteroids in managing three prominent autoimmune disorders: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and asthma. Autoimmune disorders are characterized by the immune system’s misdirected attack on healthy tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and debilitating symptoms. Corticosteroids have long been recognized as key therapeutic agents due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. This review synthesizes findings from various case studies and clinical trials, highlighting the benefits of corticosteroids in reducing disease activity and improving patient outcomes across these conditions. However, the long-term use of corticosteroids is associated with significant adverse effects, including osteoporosis, metabolic disturbances, and increased infection risk, which complicate their clinical management. The review also discusses emerging treatment strategies aimed at minimizing steroid dependence, including combination therapies with disease-modifying agents and biologics. By examining the nuanced balance between the therapeutic benefits and potential risks of corticosteroids, this review aims to inform future research and clinical practices in the management of autoimmune disorders.

Keywords: Corticosteroids, autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, asthma
Hypertension and Its Correlation with Socioeconomic Status in East African Urban and Rural Populations: A Scientific Review
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda, Emmanuel K. Mugisha
Published: November 2024

Hypertension is an escalating public health challenge in East Africa, disproportionately affecting urban and rural populations. This review explores the correlation between hypertension and socioeconomic status (SES), focusing on income, education, occupation, and access to healthcare. Urbanization, lifestyle transitions, and SES disparities contribute to the growing burden of hypertension across East Africa. Urban areas experience higher hypertension prevalence due to dietary changes, sedentary lifestyles, and psychosocial stress, while rural areas face rising rates due to healthcare access limitations and economic stress. The review examines epidemiological trends, urban-rural differences, and the socioeconomic determinants of hypertension, providing insights into public health interventions aimed at addressing these disparities. Recommendations for improving health literacy, expanding healthcare infrastructure, promoting healthier lifestyles, and developing policy strategies are discussed, emphasizing the need for targeted efforts to manage hypertension across diverse East African populations.

Keywords: Hypertension, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Urbanization, Rural Populations, Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), East Africa
Prevalence and Epidemiology of Diabetes in West Africa: Trends and Challenges
Authors:   Faculty of Biological Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Rukundo T. Bizimana
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major public health concern in West Africa, marked by a notable rise in prevalence due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and socioeconomic factors. This review examines the current epidemiology of diabetes in the region, discussing key trends, risk factors, and the socioeconomic determinants contributing to its rising prevalence. Urbanization has led to sedentary lifestyles and increased consumption of energy-dense diets, significantly raising Type 2 diabetes cases. Epidemiological analysis shows that factors such as genetic predispositions, obesity, and socioeconomic disparities impact diabetes risk and management. Diabetes management faces numerous challenges, including limited healthcare infrastructure, low public awareness, and financial barriers that hinder access to essential care, diagnostics, and medications. Addressing this growing crisis requires a multifaceted approach, involving improved healthcare systems, targeted awareness campaigns, and socioeconomic support to foster early detection and promote healthier lifestyle choices. This review emphasizes the urgency for collaborative efforts to mitigate the diabetes burden and improve outcomes for affected populations in West Africa.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, West Africa, prevalence, epidemiology, Type 2 diabetes, public health, urbanization.
Steroid-Induced Immunomodulation in Clinical Practice: Navigating the Fine Line between Therapeutic Benefits and Immunosuppression Risks
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Mwaura F. Maina
Published: November 2024

Steroids, particularly glucocorticoids, are integral in managing a broad spectrum of clinical conditions due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. This review explores the mechanisms through which steroids modulate immune function, offering therapeutic benefits in autoimmune diseases, respiratory disorders, organ transplantation, and cancer therapy. However, the immunosuppressive effects of steroids pose risks such as increased susceptibility to infections, reactivation of latent infections, osteoporosis, and metabolic disturbances. Balancing therapeutic efficacy and immunosuppressive risks is a major clinical challenge. Strategies such as tailored dosing regimens, steroid-sparing agents, prophylactic measures, and the development of selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SEGRMs) are discussed as potential solutions for optimizing patient outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. This review highlights the need for ongoing research to refine steroid therapy, ensuring a careful balance between therapeutic benefits and immunosuppression risks in clinical practice.

Keywords: Steroid-induced immunomodulation, glucocorticoids, autoimmune diseases, immunosuppression, infections.
Social psychology research in the commercial art market: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Yang Ruxiao
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the social psychological dynamics of the commercialized art market, employing a multifaceted approach to uncover the complex interplay of factors influencing artistic valuation and market behavior. Utilizing data from 500 top-selling artists and 1000 major collectors over a decade, we conduct quantitative analyses, including time series analysis, principal component analysis, and network structure examination. Our findings reveal the primacy of artist reputation and market demand in price formation, accounting for 45% of the variance in artwork prices. We identify cyclical market patterns aligned with major auction events and economic trends. Network analysis exposes the critical role of intermediaries and community structures in market interactions. Addressing endogeneity concerns through instrumental variable regression, we establish a robust causal link between artist reputation and market outcomes. This research provides valuable insights for artists, galleries, collectors, and investors, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding the contemporary art market's complexities. Our study contributes to the growing body of literature on art market dynamics, highlighting the intersection of social psychology, economics, and cultural trends in shaping artistic value.
Pengaruh Work Life Balance dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Generasi Z
Authors: Shinta Ramadhani Berliana Nasution  , Agus Dharmanto  , Nita Komala Dewi
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the Influence of Work-Life Balance and Work Stress on the Performance of Generation Z Employees (Study of students from the Faculty of Economics and Business Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya University Class of 2020). The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a type of survey method. The number of samples used in this study uses the calculation of the slovin formula as many as 100 respondents. The data processing tool used in this study is using SPSS software version 27. The results in this study show that the work-life balance variable partially has a significant effect on employee performance, the work stress variable partially has a significant effect on employee performance. The results in this study show that the variables of work life balance and work stress simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Nabila Indah Safitri  , Cahyadi Husadha  , Tutiek Yoganingsih
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine whether Job Satisfaction and Compensation can affect Employee Performance at the Hebo Car Showroom. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The sample used was 40 respondents and focused on Hebo Car Showroom employees. The sampling technique used a saturated sampling technique. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used a statistical method with SmartPLS 3.0 Software. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Job Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance, 2) Compensation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance, and 3) Job Satisfaction and Compensation have a simultaneous effect on Employee Performance.
Peran Digitaliasi dalam Membangun Literasi Inklusi Pasar Modal
Authors: Novita Hajar  , Alfathisya Regina Putri Bahri  , Rudi Sanjaya
Published: November 2024

Digitalization has played a significant role in improving capital market inclusion literacy in Indonesia. In the era of digital transformation, financial literacy is an important element for people to manage their finances wisely and maximize the use of investment products. This study aims to examine how digitalization affects people's investment behavior through increasing financial literacy and accessibility of financial services. Using a literature study method, this article collects information and data from various sources to explore the impact of digitalization on investment behavior. The results show that financial literacy allows people to understand the risks and opportunities in the capital market, while financial inclusion ensures easier access to financial services. Digitalization accelerates investment adoption, especially among people who were previously less educated about the capital market.
Peran Edukasi Literasi Keuangan dalam Mengatasi Budaya Berhutang dan Gagal Bayar pada Pinjaman Online
Authors: Naela Farkhati  , Syifa Rasyiqa  , Rudi Sanjaya
Published: November 2024

The phenomenon of online loans has increased significantly in Indonesia, presenting its own challenges for the community in terms of financial management. One of the impacts of the rise of online loans is the emergence of an unhealthy debt culture, where many people are trapped in a debt pattern that is difficult to control, leading to default. This study aims to examine the role of financial literacy as an important factor in overcoming the culture of excessive debt and reducing the number of defaults on online loans. The method used in this study is a literature review that focuses on data from other relevant document sources and those that use online loan services. The results of the study show that financial literacy education can provide the community with a better understanding of financial risks and responsibilities, as well as encourage wiser behavior in making financial decisions.