bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marriage, Gender and Transnational Migrations in Fertility Transitions of Romanian Roma Women
Authors: Gamella Juan Francisco
Published: December 2018

This paper explores how a group of immigrant Roma women are shaping their reproductive lives in the transnational context generated by the migratory flows of post-1989 Romania. The analysis is based on the ethnographic reconstruction of the reproductive lives of 124 women from seven Roma family networks residing in Spain and connected with relatives all over Europe. Although these groups are increasingly heterogeneous, some common patterns seem clear. Primarily, we observe that these women are transforming the tempo and quantum of their reproductive careers in a culturally specific fertility transition that is not based on the postponement of childbearing and marriage. Early, pronatalist and patrilocal marriage followed by adolescent maternity are powerful normative orientations in the groups studied. Spacing the second or the third child and stopping having children in their early 30s seem to be the most common strategies by which they are responding to the increasing costs and setbacks of high fertility. Their transnational experiences in Western Europe are contributing to this process in ideological, structural and instrumental terms. The demographic contrasts of many Roma groups with their non-Roma neighbours are a source of prejudice and ‘ethno-demographic anxiety’ that fuel populist, nationalist and illiberal sentiments and movements.
Around and Around
Authors: Ciaschi Patrick
Published: December 2018

Asylum-seeking and significant out-migration have been the response of many Roma communities who continue to face multiple insecurities in their everyday lives, leaving them to their own survival devices. This work seeks to understand how we approach and categorize realities of such internal and cross-border displacements of Roma in current day Hungary. Drawing from an interdisciplinary field of mobilities and borders scholarship, this paper advances the concept of border regimes to approach intersecting regimes of movement control and the dynamics of mobility and enclosure at local and transnational levels.  This lens is translated in the case of protracted Roma family evictions, and their struggles with an externalized border regime in the city of Miskolc, Hungary. Fieldwork accounts and snapshots, deriving from on-going ethnographic research in the city’s ‘Numbered Streets’, Roma-populated, residential neighborhood will provide the premises for empirical investigation.
Ritual Spaces and Burial Places
Authors: Beluschi-Fabeni Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

The migration of Romanian Korturare is analyzed with a focus on the transformation of three aspects of their funerary practices: place of burial, multi-sited funeral celebrations, and the use of communication technologies. This ‘mortuary focus’, which has not previously been applied to studies of international Romani migration, provides a better understanding of the interaction between territorial attachment and international mobility patterns. Observations based on ethnographic fieldwork are complemented by an analysis of social media use, audiovisual materials and a sample of 69 deaths. Localities of origin continue to be the preferred place for burial and collective memorialization, while funerals become multi-sited, involving both host towns and hometowns. The mediatization of death practices reinforces both of these tendencies. The transformation reflects the role of Korturare social organization in the migration process. The broad and densely nested family networks of the Korturare keep the possibility of multidirectional migration open and act as an adaptive resource by reproducing community life abroad. At the same time, they preserve the localities of origin as the common and privileged territory of the symbolic reproduction of family ties.
From Public Enemy to Urban Ghost
Authors: Daniele Ulderico , Pasta Stefano , Persico Greta
Published: December 2018

Roma migration from Eastern countries has been one of the main topics of public debate in Italy in the last decade. Roma people have been depicted as the biggest threat to citizens’ safety, especially in the biggest cities, and have become the target of special securitarian measures that revive old stereotypes. At the same time, thanks to various European bodies, Roma people have also became the targets of ad hoc inclusionary policies, such as the National Strategy for Inclusion. The deconstruction of the camp system for nomads was one of the basic targets of all the interventions. This article describes what happened to Roma migrants during the last ten years – from the ‘Nomad Emergency’ of 2007 until the present-day dismantling of the nomad camp system. It focuses on Roma migrants who live in the two Italian cities where most of the Romanian Roma have settled since the beginning of the 21st century: Milan and Rome. The paper analyzes the public policies that were implemented by national and local authorities, and highlights some of the strategies that Roma migrants use to cope with the dismantling of the nomad camp system.
The Impact of User Participation Methods on E-Government Projects: The Case of La Louvière, Belgium
Authors: Simonofski Anthony , Vanderose Benoît , Clarinval Antoine , Snoeck Monique
Published: December 2018

In recent years, information and communication technologies (ICT) have allowed governments to improve their internal functioning and to improve the delivery of information and services to their users. This application of ICT in governments has been conceptualized as “e-government”. However, more recently, smart cities emerged as a locally-embedded paradigm that proposes the design of innovative solutions across all domains of our everyday life (mobility, environment, economy, education, quality of life, and governance) with ICT as an enabler. In their recent evolutions, these two concepts have advocated for increased involvement of their stakeholders (citizens, businesses, public servants, etc.) through user-participation methods to support the design of their projects. This article intends to examine how these methods impact an e-government project and, more particularly, to find out which challenges and benefits practitioners experience. In order to reach that goal, we studied the case of the city of La Louvière (Belgium) through a one year plus study following action research’s best practices. This article contributes at several levels. First, it describes the challenges and benefits experienced with participation methods in a concrete project. Second, it proposes an e-government implementation process enhanced with these methods. Third, this article discusses the similarities and differences between e-government and smart cities through the lens of participation methods.
The perplexity of malignant ovarian mass in cystadenofibroma: a lesson learnt
Authors: Kathuria Priyanka , Yadav Garima , Singh Pratibha
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study is to report a rare case of ovarian cystadenofibroma with even scarcely observed mucinous type histopathological variant and to discuss the modalities which can contribute to prevent misdiagnosing it as a malignant tumor that may inappropriately lead to aggressive surgical interventions. A 40-year-old female presented with pain in lower abdomen and dysmenorrhea of 3 months duration and a large right adnexal mass which had all the features suggestive of malignancy in pre-operative investigations and even on gross overview and cut section. On the contrary histopathology reports confirmed its benign nature and reported it as mucinous cystadenofibroma. Role of Preoperative MRI and intraoperative frozen section cannot be overemphasized in distinguishing ovarian cystadenofibroma from malignant tumors, which can avoid an unnecessary extensive surgery.
Platelet count and MPV in women with PIH in their third trimester
Authors: Iqbal Suhail , Sharma Aditi
Published: December 2018

Background: One of the most common and potential life-threatening complications of pregnancy is pregnancy induced hypertension. Though platelet count during pregnancy is within the normal non-pregnant reference values, there is a tendency for the platelet count to fall in late pregnancy. The frequency and intensity of maternal thrombocytopenia varies and is dependent on the intensity and severity of PIH.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of obstetrics and gynecology in Jhalawar medical college from January 2018 to April 2018.Total 120 pregnant women during third trimester (32-40 weeks) aged 18 to 35 years were selected. Among them 63 were preeclamptic patients and 63 were healthy normotensive control. Subjects and healthy pregnant women (control) visiting the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Jhalawar Medical College were registered in the study and followed during their pregnancy. Both, subjects and control participants were subject to platelet count manually and MPV was determined by an automated analyser (sysmex XN-1000™) performed using standard methods on.Results: The mean platelet count of the subject group (131.4937±62.05999 lakh/mm3) was significantly lower than that of the control group (324.9683±230.78764 lakh/mm3). This shows that there is thrombocytopenia found in patients with P.I.H in their third trimester. On the other hand, the p value of “mean platelet volume” in patients with preeclampsia was (p<0.0001) which shows that there is no significant difference in MPV of cases (7.1438±2.62 femtolitre) and control (7.8976±3.08 femtolitre) (p>0.142), regular monitoring of platelet counts in women with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension must be subject of the management protocols.Conclusions: In present study we observed that the number of thrombocytopenic subjects was higher in cases of preeclampsia as compared to the control group. These extrapolations indicate that there might be some important mechanism which interferes with platelets life span thus reducing the number of functional platelets in circulation. The platelet count has an association at prediction of increasing grade of PIH. There is an inverse relationship between the severity of PIH and platelet count. The depleted platelet counts are concluded to be consistently associated with clinical groups of severe preeclampsia and the risk of consumptive coagulopathy.
Giant chorioangioma of placenta: a rare placental cause of polyhydramnios
Authors: Allanki Suneetha , Mekala Neethi Mala , Padma Sunethri
Published: December 2018

Chorioangioma belongs to benign nontrophoblastic primary vascular neoplasms of placenta, originating from primitive chorionic mesenchyme and has a cited prevalence of around 0.6% to 1% of all pregnancies. Though majority of them are asymptomatic, clinical course depends mainly on the size of the neoplasm. Giant chorioangiomas (> 4-5 centimetres in diameter) with an approximate prevalence of around one in 9000 to one in 50,000 pregnancies, have been associated with many adverse maternal and fetal complications. We report a case of 21-year-old primigravida lady, who presented to us at 37weeks 4 days period of gestation with backache and with clinically evident increased liquor. On evaluating the cause of her polyhydramnios, ultrasonography revealed a well-defined echogenic vascular mass measuring ~ 8х8 centimetres in the placenta, suggestive of chorioangioma. Though the condition is infrequent, through this case report, we emphasize that even placental factors need to be ruled out in evaluating causes of polyhydramnios. Despite large size of chorioangioma and associated hydramnios, our patient exceptionally didn’t have any fetal complications. With proper antenatal surveillance, optimal feto-maternal outcome can be expected as seen in our case.
Effect of nutrition on copper and zinc concentrations in human milk
Authors: Mane Sharmila M. , Patil Neelam J. , Patharkar Sachin A. , Bangar Megha G.
Published: December 2018

Background: The gross composition of human milk is remarkably constant among women of varying nutritional status. Reliable information is now available on the content, and the principal factor affecting it, of most of the trace elements on human milk. However, for some of the trace elements, there is still a wide variation in reported values in the literature, which is due at least in part, to analytical difficulties. Hence this study was taken up to find out if maternal nutritional status influences the copper and zinc concentrations in colostrum of mother.Methods: Total of 100 mothers were enrolled in the study after obtaining prior informed consent. They were divided into 2 groups - group I had 50 malnourished mothers and group II had 50 well-nourished mothers. Sample digestion was attempted with different quantities of various acids. Analysis of digested colostrum was carried out for copper and zinc.Results: The mean levels of copper and zinc were slightly more among well-nourished than malnourished women. Values of copper were significantly higher in the colostrum of well-nourished as compared to that of the malnourished mothers.Conclusions: The parameters of weight, height weight/height ratio and hemoglobin varied significantly between the well-nourished and malnourished mothers. The difference in milk content of malnourished and well-nourished mothers is not significant for zinc. However, copper levels were significantly higher in well-nourished mothers.
A hospital-based study of severe anemia in adults in Eastern India
Authors: Dash Subhash C. , Sundaray Naba K. , Tudu Promod K. , Rajesh Beeravelli
Published: December 2018

Background: Anemia remains a crucial health problem in developing countries. Cardiac compromise and fatal complications usually occur at Hb of <5g/dL. The aim of the study was to determine possible etiologic and clinical profile in adult patients with very severe anemia (Hb of <5g/dL).Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Odisha over a period of 12months. A total of 70 patients of both men and non-pregnant women admitted to the medicine wards were included after exclusion. Detailed history, clinical examination and investigation findings were recorded. Independent ‘t’ test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used as applicable, to compare the variables.Results: The mean Hb (g/dL) was 3.73 ±0.85 and the mean age of the study group was 53.34±17.75years. No significant difference was observed in the severity of anemia between the female (mean Hb of 3.56±0.93) and male patients (mean Hb of 3.87±0.77) (p=0.130). The most frequent etiology found was absolute iron deficiency (44.3%, n=31) and mostly (41.9%) found in the age group of ≥65years (p<0.001). Congestive cardiac failure was found in 20% (n=14) of patients and majority of patients (64.2%, n=9) were males (p<0.001).Conclusions: Iron deficiency is the principal cause of very severe anemia in adults rather than malignancy or anemia of chronic disease and only about one fourth of patients develop heart failure even with very severe anemia.
Quick diagnostic and management community acquired pneumonia at Sumbawa hospital: a case report
Authors: Syammakh Muhammad Ahmad , Jusri Elim , Setya Gede Agung , Sukartika Made Aryadi
Published: December 2018

Pneumonia is most common cause of respiratory distress an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma. Despite being the cause of significant morbidity and mortality, it is often misdiagnosed, mistreated, and underestimated. Pneumonia historically was Typically classified as community-acquired (CAP), hospital-acquired (HAP), or ventilator-associated (VAP). A 68-year-old male was sent to the emergency department from clinic with an oxygen saturation of 86%. She has fevers with cough and generalized weakness for one week. She had been evaluated by her primary care provider on day two of illness and was started empirically on cefixime without improvement of her symptoms. The patient arrived febrile, tachycardic, tachypneic, and hypoxic on room air with right-sided crackles on exam. Lung Ultrasound of the right lower lobe demonstrates lung hepatization, a classic finding for pneumonia. In addition, a shred sign is present with both air bronchograms and focal B lines-all suggestive of poorly aerated, consolidated lung. Authors critically evaluate the evidence for the use lung ultrasound for rapid diagnostic. It is important to understand this disease, rapid diagnostic with ultrasound and when treated promptly and effectively, these patients will rapidly recovery. Good oxygenation, intravenous Antibiotic, intravenous fluids and symptomatic treatment which should be started within minutes of the patients’ arrival to emergency department.
Derived neutrophil by lymphocytes ratio is a misnomer, implication of derived leucocytes ratio in diagnosing gastric cancers
Authors: P. G. Naveen , Karanth K. Veena L.
Published: December 2018

Background: Gastric malignant neoplasms are well-known common malignant disease seen in routine clinical practice. In India incidence are comparatively low but accounts for significant mortality and morbidity. Gastric malignancy incidence adds significant numbers every year to cancer related deaths worldwide. And prognosis is not satisfactory in spite of medical innovations and technological advancements. Early diagnosis helps for successful surgical removal of gastric cancer and to achieve a curative resections. Present study objectives are to solve the paradox of misnomer derived neutrophil by lymphocyte ratio and to evaluate statistical differences of blood leucocyte parameters in patients with gastric malignancies as compared to control cases and its application as screening markers in diagnosing gastric cancers.Methods: Hundred cases of gastric malignancy and hundred controls-age, gender matched to cases without malignancy or infection were included. Both groups evaluated with routine complete blood count and upper GI endoscopy reports, Data regarding WBC counts, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were noted and Derived Leucocytes Ratio (DLR) were calculated and compared to look for statistical differences.Results: Hematological leucocyte parameters revealed statistical differences in gastric cancer patients in comparison to controls. Neutrophils were increased and lymphocytes decreased with elevated DLR levels.Conclusions: Leucocyte parameters like neutrophils and lymphocytes shows varying trends in gastric cancer and elevated derived leucocytes ratio can be utilized as a screening marker in Gastric cancers.
Immature platelet fraction in children infected with dengue fever
Authors: S. Amrutha B. , E. Adarsh , Y. SreeKrishna , Naidu Apoorva , N. Shivtej
Published: December 2018

Background: Millions are infected with dengue every year.  Early diagnosis of dengue infection is important for proper treatment of DHF and DSS to avoid fatal outcome. Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological abnormality in dengue, which demands platelet transfusion in most of the severe dengue cases. Platelet transfusion though life-saving has its own hazards. Hence, we can use some new parameter like immature platelet fraction (IPF) which is a measure of reticulated platelets that reflects the rate of thrombopoiesis. The risk of platelet transfusion may be decreased by rapid identification of immature platelet fraction. This study was performed to establish reference of IPF values for the assessment of thrombopoiesis.Methods: Blood samples from 150 children were obtained on day of illness 3, 5 and 7. The IPF is identified by sysmex XE2100 hematology analyser in the reticulocyte channel using a fluorescent dye and a carefully designed gating system and counted by a special software termed IPF master7. IPF values against platelet count were assessed separately on day 3, 5 and 7.Results: The reference intervals of IPF > 8 % and IPF < 8 % were assessed against platelet count. Increase in IPF favored increase in platelet count on day 5 which was statistically significant with the p value <0.001.Conclusions: A rapid and inexpensive automated measurement of IPF can be integrated as a standard parameter to evaluate the thrombopoietic state of the bone marrow. From the study it can be concluded that IPF is an important predictor of increase in platelet count.  Increase in IPF>8 % suggests that platelet count will be increased in next 24 to 48hrs indicating that further blood transfusion will not be required.
Effect of single dose and double dose antenatal corticosteroids on respiratory distress syndrome among preterm babies
Authors: N. Shivtej , R. Prema , Naidu Apoorva , B. S. Amrutha , Mehta Vidhi B.
Published: December 2018

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome occurs primarily in premature infants. The increased risk of RDS is associated with lower gestational age. The length of gestation is the primary factor that influences the risk of RDS the risk for development of RDS increases with maternal diabetes, multiple births, cesarean delivery, precipitous delivery, asphyxia, cold stress, and a maternal history of previously affected infants. Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) significantly reduced neonatal morbidity and mortality when administered to women with imminent preterm delivery Antenatal steroids accelerate development of type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes, leading to structural and biochemical changes that improve both lung mechanics (maximal lung volume, compliance) and gas exchange. Induction of type 2 pneumocytes increases surfactant production by inducing production of surfactant proteins and enzymes necessary for phospholipid synthesis. Alveolisation occurs rapidly as a result of the antenatal corticosteroids Antenatal corticosteroid is usually administered for fetal lung maturity and can be expected to induce negative maternal and fetal side-effects hence this study was conducted to know the beneficial effect of single dose antenatal corticosteroids verses double doses antenatal corticosteroids. The Objective of the present study was to observe the effect of single dose and double dose antenatal corticosteroids on respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies born to less than 37 weeks of gestation admitted under department of pediatrics at Raja Rajeswari medical college Hospital, Kambipura, Bangalore.Methods: There were 55 babies born to mothers who received single dose of antenatal corticosteroids and delivered at 12hrs before receiving 2nd dose antenatal corticosteroids and 55 babies born to mothers who received double dose of antenatal corticosteroids. Once baby is born, they compared for the requirement of surfactant.Results: Multiple course of steroids significantly reduced Respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusions: It was concluded that there was significant reduction in RDS in babies whose mother received complete course of antenatal corticosteroids.
Neonatal morbidity pattern in early term births
Authors: Menon Maya , G. Sreejyothi , K. Raveendranath
Published: December 2018

Background: Late preterm births are defined  as birth between 34 and 36 completed weeks gestation and term births as  born after 37 weeks of gestation. Maturation is a continuous  process till term and the severity of adverse outcomes with birth increases with decreasing gestational age. Recent studies showed increased risk of  morbidities for babies  at 37 weeks than its term counterpart babies  at 39 weeks. Considering the risk for adverse neonatal outcomes in early term births, various studies recommended that the label “term” be redefined as early term, full term and late term designations to more accurately acknowledge deliveries occurring at or beyond 37  weeks of gestation. This designation will help precise  identification and targeting these early term  babies for early intervention and for better neonatal outcomes.Methods: This is a prospective study which included all  term births delivered during the 12-month study between January 2017 and December 2017. Babies born between 37 and 38 6/7 weeks were designated as early term and those born after 39 weeks as full-term babies. Neonatal outcomes of these babies were recorded and monitored till discharge.Results: There were 660 term live births during the study period. The incidence of early term births account for 19.7%, as compared with full term births representing 80.3 %. Compared with term babies, early term births were at risk for transitional problems such as respiratory distress (61.5% vs 38.5%), hypoglycemia (76.2% vs 23.8%), hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy (53.7% vs 46.7%) and feeding  problems (59.1% vs 40.9%).Conclusions: Early term births are associated with increased risk of neonatal morbidities as compared with full term births. This indicates need for more attention towards preventing early term births.
A cross sectional study to assess the operationalization of national tobacco control program in a tertiary level hospital of central India
Authors: Saroshe Rupali , Saroshe Satish , Dixit Sanjay
Published: December 2018

Background: To implement the Anti- Tobacco laws and to sensitize all stakeholders, The National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India in 2007- 08, during the 11th five year plan. This study aims to identify the level of the awareness of ill health effects of tobacco, the basic tenets of NTCP and COTPA among the hospital staff of the tertiary level medical college hospital (M.Y Hospital Indore) involved in the process.Methods: An analytical study. Was carried out in tertiary level medical college hospital among service providers involved in anti-tobacco cell using inter-personal interview of the service providers (Medical Officers, Staff Nurses, Health Care Personnel) using pre-designed pretested semi structured questionnaire based on the salient features of NTCP and provisions of COTPA- cigarettes and other tobacco products act, 2003.Results: Regarding the ill health effects of tobacco doctors had slightly better knowledge awareness than nurses. However, it was ironical that nurses had a slightly better awareness when it comes to NTCP. Doctors were better aware of new COTPA guidelines as compared to nurses. Thus, nurses had less knowledge about ill effects of tobacco consumption and new COTPA guidelines as compared to doctors.Conclusions: Although most of the health care personnel involved in operationalization of NTCP are aware of the basic tenets of NTCP, COTPA and ill health effects of tobacco there is a dire need of the refresher training of both the doctors and the nurses. Also this type of the present study should be contemplated on multi-centric basis on a larger scale for better data results.
Screening of pre cancer and cancer cervix by Pap smear among women in reproductive age group: a community based study
Authors: R. K. Suma , Yalaburgi Keerthi S.
Published: December 2018

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. The disproportionately high burden of cervical cancer in developing countries is largely due to a lack of screening that allows detection of precancerous and early stage cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to identify pre cancer, cancer of cervix by Pap smear test and the factors associated with cervical cancer.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among married women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years in the urban field practice area of A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences, from Jan 2013 to March 2013. The study comprised of 357 women. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Screening was done by Pap smear test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: 49.6% women were in the age group of 40-49 years. 62 (17.4%) were illiterates. 67.5 % belonged to low socioeconomic status. Pap smear test detected premalignant lesions among 2.1% women; no cancer cervix cases were detected. Association between premalignant lesion and educational status, early age at marriage, multi parity, erosion cervix was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Regular cytological screening by Pap smear will help in early detection of precancerous lesions and thereby prevent cancer cervix.
Parotid gland tumors: clinical experience at tertiary care center
Authors: Sharma Pritosh , Makwana Abhijit Vasantkumar , Bishnoi Rini , Vyas Shifa , Goyal Vinod Prakash
Published: December 2018

Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in parotid gland lesions and it’s correlation with HPE, for better management of patient.

Methods: A total of 46 FNAC were done of parotid gland lesion in Pathology department of GMCH from 2016 to 2018. Out of 46 patients of parotid gland lesions 44 were surgically resected by ENT Dept GMCH and formalin fixed specimen were sent to Pathology department and slides were prepared. The cytology and HPE stained slides were studied and correlated clinically.  

Results: The cytology features of 44 cases are correlated with HPE. In cytology study: pleomorphic adenoma in 31, benign cystic lesion in 07, basal cell adenoma in 01, mucoepidermoid carcinoma in 04 and adenocystic carcinoma in 01. In HPE study: pleomorphic adenoma in 28, benign cystic lesion in 04, basal cell adenoma in 02 and warthin’s tumor in 02, adenocystic carcinoma in 02, mucoepidermoid carcinoma in 03, acinic cell carcinoma in 01, carcinoma of EX pleomorphic adenoma in 01 and cystadeno carcinoma in 02. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy are respectively 55.55%, 100%, 100%, 89.74% and 90.90%.

Conclusions: FNAC of the parotid gland is safe and reliable technique in the primary diagnosis of salivary gland lesion. Although, sensitivity of this test has some limitation and to differentiate specific malignant lesion. This study has shown that FNAC has low sensitivity, high specificity, diagnostic accuracy, simple and cost effective for the patients of parotid gland lesion.
Observational study on titanium elastic nailing in femoral shaft fractures in children
Authors: Bahinipati Jyotirtmayee , Mohapatra R. G. Asutosh
Published: December 2018

Background: Nowadays femoral fractures in children are more commonly managed with operative fixation rather than conservative treatment because of more rapid recovery and avoidance of prolonged immobilization. Our aim of study was to assess the outcome of titanium elastic nailing in femoral shaft fracture in children.

Methods: Twenty five children in age group 5-15 years with femoral shaft fracture were stabilized with two titanium nails. Children were followed up for one year. The operative outcome was evaluated using criteria of Flynn. Complications associated with procedure were recorded and analyzed.

Results: The final outcome was excellent in 67% (19 of 25) of patients, satisfactory in 16% (4 of 25) of patients and poor in 8% (2 of 25) of patients. Poor outcome was due to limb length discrepancy, pain in the knee and angular misalignment.

Conclusions: We concluded that titanium elastic nailing is an ideal method of femoral shaft fixation in children.
Efficacy and safety of dabigatran in prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries: a review
Authors: Narayanan Varsha , Bhargava Amit
Published: December 2018

Thromboprophylaxis with anticoagulants can significantly reduce the risk of patients developing symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and VTE related mortality post major orthopedic surgeries like total hip and knee replacement surgeries. Dabigatran, a directly acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and direct thrombin inhibitor, is an available option for VTE prophylaxis having comparable efficacy to low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), other DOACs and Warfarin, once daily dosing, and comparable safety and bleeding risk to both LMWH and Aspirin. Dabigatran is currently the only DOAC with an available and marketed reversing agent. A review of Dabigatran’s clinical efficacy and safety is presented here. Therefore, Dabigatran represents a balanced thromboprophylaxis option for VTE prevention in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries.

 
Evaluation of results of minimally invasive per cutaneous surgeries in management of calcaneal fractures
Authors: Parikh Kushal Nikhil , Moradiya Nirav , Shah Shalin , Khodifad Ankit
Published: December 2018

 
Background: To analyze the outcome percutaneous surgeries in fractures of the calcaneum.

Methods: 20 patients admitted in a tertiary care center in Ahmedabad were followed up from admission to until 2 years post operatively and functional outcomes in them following operative intervention were analyzed using AOFAS and Maryland scoring system.

Results: Majority of patients have excellent or good outcome following percutaneous surgery in fractures of the calcaneum. The results were evaluated for 22 people with intraarticular calcaneum fractures using the Maryland foot score and AOFAS score. The mean AOFAS score was 86. There were 6 excellent, 12 good and 4 fair results.

Conclusions: Percutaneous fixation in fractures of the calcaneum is a middle path in treatment of calcaneum fracture having the benefit of better reduction of ORIF plating and lesser soft tissue injury or chances of infection of conservative management.
„Egyik sem jár az ördögséggel, édes jó Uraim”
Authors: Varga Mónika
Published: December 2018

A dolgozat a középmagyar kori boszorkányperek kommunikációs stratégiáinak kontextusát vizsgálja, beleértve a boszorkányok elleni bírósági perekben betöltött szerepeket és a hozzájuk kapcsolódó nyelvi viselkedést, a kihallgatási jegyzőkönyvekben, valamint egy összetett bizonyításfelvételi folyamat részletes elemzésén keresztül. A boszorkány kulturális szerepe magában foglalja a nyelvi viselkedés jellegzetes mintáját. Az 1692–1693-as salemi boszorkányperek alapján összeállították a vádlottak különféle típusait, valamint az általuk követett kommunikációs stratégiákat. A fennmaradt ítéletek és a jogtörténeti szakirodalom alapján azonban azt a következtetést vonhatjuk le, hogy a magyar jogi eljárások során a legtöbb esetben inkább a tagadás, mintsem a beismerés volt sikeres. A szövegek elemzése rávilágít arra, hogy egy minden más helyzetben agresszívnek számító kommunikációs stratégia milyen módokon értelmezhető újra a magyar kihallgatások kontextusában.
Olvasói elvárások és nyelvi adatok ütközése történeti szövegek elemzésekor
Authors: Havasi Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2018

Írásomban házaspárok elleni boszorkányperek periratait történeti szociopragmatikai megközelítéssel elemzem a grice-i maximáktól való eltérések mentén. A perek iratainak elemzése során, különös tekintettel a bűnösök közös kezelésére, az anyagot aszerint rendeztem el, hogy az iratokban milyen eltérések figyelhetők meg a maximáktól, különösen a mai olvasó szemszögéből. Bemutattam, hogy a magyar anyag eltérő sajátosságainál fogva kevésbé alkalmas arra a megközelítésre, amelyet a salemi periratok vizsgálatakor alkalmaznak. Másrészt a vizsgálati anyagba beépítettem a nyilatkozatok átiratainak azokat a részeit, amelyekből a mai olvasó gyaníthatja a maxima megsértését, vagy ahol az ilyen jogsértésekre kifejezett metanyelvi reflexió történt. Hasznosnak találtam a középmagyar kori és a mai olvasó közötti kommunikáció hangsúlyozását; ebből a szempontból a tárgyalási dokumentum egésze ellentmondhat az együttműködési elvnek, mivel az olvasó elvárja, hogy a dokumentum egyértelműen jelezze, hogy az egyes tettesek bűnösek vagy nem. Az elemzés során számoltam azzal a lehetőséggel, hogy a maximák tartalma idővel változhat (különösen a második minőségi maximáé, illetve – a tettestársak együttes kezelése miatt – a relevanciamaximáé); ezt hangsúlyozza a mai olvasót előtérbe helyező szemlélet.
A névföldrajzi kutatások magyar eredményeiből
Authors: Szabó Panna
Published: December 2018

A névnyelvföldrajz bizonyos névtípusok vagy egyedi nevek földrajzi elterjedését és jellemzőit vizsgáló tudományág. A nyelvföldrajz tágabb területéhez szorosan kapcsolódó kutatási téma. Egyik fő célja a névrendszerek közötti összefüggések feltárása, de feladatai közé tartozik a tulajdonnevekben megtestesülő jelenségek földrajzi vonatkozásainak vizsgálata is. A tanulmány áttekinti a magyar névföldrajz forrásait, valamint az adott nyelv helynévföldrajzának és személynévföldrajzának kutatási módszereit és eredményeit.
Applying NPWT to bleeding open wounds after forefoot amputation in diabetic foot patients - a case report
Authors: Białecki Jacek , Pyda Przemysław , Kołodziejska Anna , Rybak Anna , Sowier Sebastian
Published: December 2018

NPWT is increasingly used in patients with diabetic foot. The protocol for performing NPWT is subject to debate. Main concerns regard the type of suction to use (continuous, intermittent, or variable), the wound-packing material, or the exact pressure to apply. Typically, an optimum pressure range of –80 to –125 mmHg is indicated. Following bone resection in diabetic foot patients, the surgical wound is left open, which often entails bleeding from the resection site. In these cases, the start of NPWT was typically delayed by 24–48 hours – during that time a pressure dressing was applied – and NPWT was only started once bleeding had ceased. In order to initiate NPWT as soon as possible, we decided to start it at a higher negative pressure than usual, i.e. –180 mmHg, expecting that this would stop the bleeding. Only then would we reduce the negative pressure. This paper presents the course of NPWT with high negative pressure values after an amputation in 2 diabetic foot patients. In both cases, our assumptions were confirmed. The patients did not bleed, the drained volume did not exceed 30 ml (which seems clinically insignificant) in the first 40 minutes of treatment. Later, with negative pressure at –120 mmHg, no bleeding into the dressing was observed. Following the treatment (which lasted for 9 days), the wounds granulated normally, with no signs of inflammation. Applying VAC dressing using high negative pressure values to bleeding wounds immediately after surgery may stop the bleeding, enabling immediate initiation of NPWT.
НЕФТЕГАЗОВАЯ ГИДРОГЕОХИМИЯ ДОЮРСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ ЮЖНЫХ РАЙОНОВ ОБЬ-ИРТЫШСКОГО МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ
Authors: (Dmitry A. Novikov) Новиков Дмитрий Анатольевич , (Svetlana V. Ryzhkova) Рыжкова Светлана Владимировна , (Fedor F. Dultsev) Дульцев Федор Федорович , (Anatoliy V. Chernykh) Черных Анатолий Витальевич , (Ksenia V. Ses) Сесь Ксения Валерьевна , (Nikolay A. Efimtsev) Ефимцев Николай Андреевич , (Andrey E. Shokhin) Шохин Андрей Евгеньевич
Published: December 2018

Актуальность исследования состоит в решении фундаментальных и прикладных вопросов гидрогеологии и гидрогеохимии доюрского основания Западно-Сибирского артезианского бассейна и имеет большое значение для изучения земной коры платформ и складчатых поясов в целом. Уникальность и сложность объекта заключается в том, что Западно-Сибирский бассейн – самый крупный участок молодой платформы, под чехлом которого сочленяются разновозрастные, геодинамически и гидрогеологически разнообразные комплексы. Научных обобщений имеющегося фактического материала не проводилось более 30 лет! Кроме того, актуальность исследований заключается в практической плоскости – оценке современного состояния водонапорных систем доюрских комплексов, разработке гидрогеологических критериев их нефтегазоносности и уточнении направления поисков и разведки углеводородов в доюрском основании Западной Сибири. Цель работы: выявить особенности химического и газового состава подземных вод и рассолов доюрских комплексов, установить возможные генетические типы подземных вод и рассолов и их пространственное распространение; оценить степень метаморфизации рассолов в сравнении с рядом гидрогеохимических эталонов Сибири. Методы: основываясь на методических приемах В.А. Сулина, А.А. Карцева, С.Л. Шварцева, Н.М. Кругликова, В.В. Нелюбина, О.Н. Яковлева, В.М. Матусевича и других исследователей выявить особенности геохимии подземных вод и рассолов, установить генетический облик подземных вод и рассолов, используя «генетические» коэффициенты, отражающие отношения различных макро- и микрокомпонентов в их составе: rNa/rCl, Сl/Br, Ca/Cl, r(HCO3+CO3)/r(Ca+Mg), B/Br, Br/Cl∙10–3, Sr/Cl∙10–3 и другие. Применяя интегрированный показатель метаморфизации рассолов (S) по С.Л. Шварцеву и отношения Ca/Cl, Br/Cl∙10–3, Sr/Cl∙10–3, оценить степень метаморфизации рассолов. Результаты. Приводятся результаты исследования геохимии подземных вод и рассолов доюрских отложений южных районов Обь-Иртышского междуречья. Установлено, что в исследуемом регионе развиты подземные воды и рассолы с величиной общей минерализации от 4 до 100 г/дм3 Cl-Na, Cl-Na-Ca и Cl-HCO3-Na состава при доминировании первых. Проведя ретроспективу гидрогеологической истории и детальный анализ гидрогеохимических данных, можно предположить доминирование в разрезе седиментогенных рассолов и наличие литогенных (термодегидратационных), древних инфильтрогенных и конденсатогенных вод. Совместное рассмотрение rNa/rCl, Ca/Cl, Br/Cl∙10–3, Sr/Cl∙10–3 отношений с интегрированным показателем метаморфизации рассолов S подтверждает, что в изучаемом районе рассолы находятся на начальной стадии метаморфизации химического состава.
ОБСТАНОВКИ СЕДИМЕНТАЦИИ ЛОХКОВ-НИЖНЕЭМССКИХ ВУЛКАНОКЛАСТИЧЕСКИХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ ЗАПАДНО-МАГНИТОГОРСКОЙ ЗОНЫ ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА
Authors: (Ruslan I. Zainullin) Зайнуллин Руслан Ишмуратович
Published: December 2018

Актуальность исследования. Раннедевонский этап формирования Магнитогорской островодужной системы, несмотря на многолетнюю историю исследований и достаточно большой объем полученных данных, остается малоизученным. Данному этапу соответствуют лохков-нижнеэмсские вулканокластические, карбонатные и кремнистые породы, широко распространенные на севере Западно-Магнитогорской зоны Южного Урала. Расположены они в зоне Главного Уральского разлома и поэтому подвержены вторичным изменениям, а разрезы их имеют фрагментарное строение. Вулканокластические разности, пользующиеся наибольшим распространением, практически не изучались. Исследование их и фациальных взаимоотношений между нижнедевонскими отложениями позволяет реконструировать обстановки седиментации раннедевонского бассейна и детализировать историю развития Магнитогорской островодужной системы на начальном этапе ее образования. Цель исследования состоит в выявлении источников сноса и реконструкции обстановок седиментации нижнедевонских вулканокластических отложений Западно-Магнитогорской зоны Южного Урала. Методы. Реконструкция обстановок накопления проведена на основе изучения структурно-текстурных особенностей, минералого-петрографического и литогеохимического состава вулканокластических пород и корреляции нижнедевонских отложений по биостратиграфическим данным. Полученные результаты сопоставлялись с данными ведущих исследователей по современным обстановкам седиментации. Результаты. Нижнедевонские вулканокластические отложения Западно-Магнитогорской зоны Южного Урала являются турбидитами и дебритами. Они сложены преимущественно пирокластическим и вулканотерригенным материалом основного и среднего состава. Впервые показано, что накопление их происходило в проксимальной и дистальной части островной дуги. В дистальной части накапливались отложения ильтибановской и мансуровской толщ, в проксимальной – ускульской и рыскужинской толщ. Формирование Магнитогорской островодужной системы могло начаться в раннеэмсское время или даже раньше.
О МЕХАНИЗМЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СВЯЗЫВАНИЯ АЗОТА ВОЗДУХА В УСЛОВИЯХ ТЕПЛОВОГО ВЗРЫВА СМЕСЕЙ НАНОПОРОШКА АЛЮМИНИЯ С ОКСИДОМ ТАНТАЛА
Authors: (Alexandra O. Chudinova) Чудинова Александра Олеговна , (Alexander P. Ilyin) Ильин Александр Петрович , (Lyudmila O. Root) Роот Людмила Олеговна , (Andrey V. Mostovshchikov) Мостовщиков Андрей Владимирович , (Sofia V. Spesivtseva) Спесивцева Софья Викторовна , (Jin Chun Kim) Джин Чун Ким
Published: December 2018

Актуальность исследования. Предлагаемая новая технология получения тугоплавких нитридов имеет ряд преимуществ: низкие энергозатраты, отсутствие необходимости в сложном оборудовании, для получения нитридов используется азот воздуха, процесс синтеза осуществляется при атмосферном давлении. Цель исследования: экспериментально определить составы продуктов сгорания смесей нанопорошка алюминия и пентаоксида тантала в воздухе и в жидком азоте. Объект: продукт синтеза нитрид тантала, полученный сжиганием в воздухе смеси нанопорошка алюминия с пентаоксидом тантала. Методы: рентгенофазовый анализ (дифрактометр Дифрей-401), дифференциальный термический анализ (ДТА) (термоанализатор SDT Q600, фирма Instrument). На основании результатов ДТА были рассчитаны четыре параметра активности смeсей: температура начала окисления (tн.о, °C), степень окисленности (α, %), максимальная скорость окисления (vmax, мг/мин), удельный тепловой эффект (ΔН, Дж/г). Рентгенофазовый анализ с использованием дифрактометра «Дифрей-401», излучение рентгеновской трубки FeKα =0,193 нм. Результаты. Определены параметры активности смесей нанопорошка алюминия с пентаоксидом тантала. Установлено, что температура начала окисления смесей равна или превышает 420 °С, т. е. смеси не пирофорны. Процесс горения, инициированный открытым пламенем, протекал в две стадии: при 600–900 и при 2200–2400 °С. Изучены продукты сгорания смесей нанопорошка алюминия с пентаоксидом тантала в воздухе и в жидком азоте. Впервые экспериментально показано, что при горении нанопорошка алюминия в воздухе алюминий восстанавливает пентаоксид тантала, который взаимодействует с азотом воздуха, образуя кристаллический нитрид тантала Ta2N. Максимальный выход нитрида тантала при сгорании в воздухе с образованием кристаллической фазы Ta2N составлял 54 отн. %. Согласно РФА, также впервые в продуктах сгорания в жидком азоте смеси нанопорошка алюминия с пентаоксидом тантала обнаружены кристаллические фазы α- и β-тантала. В то же время нитрид тантала не обнаружен в продуктах сгорания образца в жидком азоте. Стабилизация металлической фазы тантала при взаимодействии нанопорошка алюминия с пентаоксидом тантала в условиях теплового взрыва подтверждает ранее сформулированное предположение о механизме образования тугоплавких нитридов. На первой стадии алюминий восстанавливает тантал до металла, и в условиях теплового взрыва и дезактивации кислорода (нетеплового процесса перехода триплетного кислорода в синглетный) происходит взаимодействие восстановленного металла с азотом.
Presentación
Authors: Nóbile Carla
Published: December 2018

En esta ocasión tenemos el agrado de presentar el octavo número de Anales de Investigación en Arquitectura, una publicación de la Cátedra de Historia y Teoría de la Arquitectura de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad ORT Uruguay. Con este número comenzamos una nueva etapa para nuestra revista ya que la misma tendrá de ahora en adelante carácter semestral.

Participan en esta edición investigadores nacionales e internacionales. Dr. Pablo Frontini aborda la arquitectura moderna de la segunda mitad del siglo XX en Uruguay a través de la definición y sistematización de ciertos parámetros que pueden encontrarse tanto en la práctica del proyecto como en los discursos de los principales protagonistas. Por su parte, Dra. Paula Cardellino realiza un análisis de las relaciones entre alumno y maestro en las aulas escolares uruguayas para poder definir las características espaciales que ayuden a optimizar dicha interacción. Arq. Emilio Farruggia indaga sobre ciertos arquitectos sudamericanos, protagonistas de la arquitectura contemporánea, a partir de la aproximación de las prácticas proyectuales contemporáneas a las prácticas artísticas. Arq. Nadia Jacob estudia las representaciones espaciales del paisaje ganadero del litoral argentino, tomando como punto de partida la cartografía del período colonial, más específicamente aquella vinculada a los jesuitas. Ms. Aline Oliveira investiga sobre los vínculos entre el grafitti, como práctica cultural, y los emprendimientos de reestructuración urbana contemporánea, tomando como caso de estudio el Boulevard Olímpico de Río de Janeiro.

El Consejo Editor y la Dirección reiteran su invitación a los investigadores a presentar sus trabajos que posibiliten, en próximas entregas, una vez analizados y evaluados, acrecentar el intercambio conceptual y la difusión de la arquitectura latinoamericana.