bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Supplementation of Vitamin E or Its Combination with Hydroxytyrosol Increases the Gut Health and Short Chain Fatty Acids of Piglets at Weaning
Authors: Laviano Hernan D. , Gómez Gerardo , Escudero Rosa , Nuñez Yolanda , García-Casco Juan M. , Muñoz María , Heras-Molina Ana , López-Bote Clemente , González-Bulnes Antonio , Óvilo Cristina , Rey Ana I.
Published: September 2023

An adequate intestinal environment before weaning may contribute to diarrhea predisposition and piglet development. This study evaluates how the dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE) (100 mg/kg), hydroxytyrosol (HXT) (1.5 mg/kg) or the combined administration (VE + HXT) given to Iberian sows from gestation affects the piglet’s faecal characteristics, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), fatty acid profile or intestinal morphology as indicators of gut health; and quantify the contribution of the oxidative status and colostrum/milk composition to the piglet’s SCFAs content and intestinal health. Dietary VE increased isobutyric acid (iC4), butyric acid (C4), isovaleric acid (iC5), and ∑SCFAs, whereas HXT increased iC4 and tended to decrease ∑SCFAs of faeces. Piglets from HXT-supplemented sows also tended to have higher faecal C20:4n-6/C20:2 ratio C22:6 proportion and showed lower occludin gene expression in the duodenum. The combination of both antioxidants had a positive effect on iC4 and iC5 levels. Correlation analyses and regression equations indicate that faecal SCFAs were related to oxidative status (mainly plasma VE) and colostrum and milk composition (mainly C20:2, C20:3, C20:4 n-6). This study would confirm the superiority of VE over HXT supplementation to improve intestinal homeostasis, gut health, and, consequently piglet growth.
Energetic Effects in Methyl- and Methoxy-Substituted Indanones: A Synergistic Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Silva Ana L. R. , León Gastón P. , Ribeiro da Silva Maria D. M. C.
Published: September 2023

This experimental and computational study on the energetic properties of 2-methyl-, 3-methyl-, 4-methoxy- and 5-methoxy-indanones has been carried out using mostly calorimetric techniques and a suitable computational approach. The combustion and sublimation/vaporization enthalpies were determined via combustion calorimetry and Calvet microcalorimetry, respectively, allowing for the calculation of the standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous phase. The enthalpy of sublimation of 5-methoxy-indanone was also derived via Knudsen effusion. Additionally, the gas-phase standard molar enthalpies of formation of these compounds were determined from high-level ab initio calculations at the G3(MP2)//B3LYP level of theory. The results obtained experimentally and through the computational approach are in good agreement. Thus, the gas-phase enthalpy of formation of 2-methylcyclopentanone was estimated with this approach. Moreover, the energetic effects associated with the presence of a methyl and methoxy group on the indanone core were analyzed, using the experimental values reported in this work. The presence of a methoxy group contributes to a decrease in the gas-phase enthalpy of formation, of about 153 kJ·mol−1, whereas in the case of a methyl group, the corresponding value is c.a. 35 kJ·mol−1. Finally, a quantitative analysis of the effects of delocalization of the electron density on the methyl-indanones was performed, using NBO calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2p) wave function.
An Accelerated Algorithm for 3D Inversion of Gravity Data Based on Improved Conjugate Gradient Method
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Jia Hongfa , Lin Tao , Zeng Zhaofa , Yu Ping , Jiao Jian
Published: September 2023

The 3D inversion algorithm for gravity data based on a smooth model constraint has been proven to yield a reasonable density distribution. However, as the amount of observed data and model parameters increases, the algorithm experiences issues with high memory consumption and prolonged computation time. Therefore, the corresponding problem in interpreting gravity inversion lies in developing a fast inversion algorithm. The conventional smooth model constraint inversion algorithm, based on regularization theory, requires the introduction of a model weighting function with a large matrix, and involves storage and operation of a large matrix with intermediate variables during inversion iteration, contributing significantly to the prolonged computation time. In this paper, a diagonal weight matrix is represented by vectorization, and the intermediate variable of the large matrix type in the iteration is replaced with the combination of a small matrix and a vector. Additionally, the algorithm flow of the conjugate gradient method is further optimized to minimize the number of vectors that need to be stored during iteration. As a result of these optimizations, the memory consumption of the algorithm during the operation process is successfully reduced. Finally, the experiments demonstrate the successful development of a fast 3D inversion algorithm for gravity data. Specifically, for a 80 × 80 × 20 mesh number inversion, our accelerated algorithm achieves an average speed of ~0.5 s per iteration, and the iterative process speeds up by a factor of 1000, providing an effective strategy for the fast inversion of large-scale data.
Adaptive Impedance Control for Force Tracking in Manipulators Based on Fractional-Order PID
Authors: Gu Longhao , Huang Qingjiu
Published: September 2023

Force tracking control in robot arms has been widely used in many industrial applications, particularly in tasks involving end effectors and environmental contact, such as grinding, polishing, and other similar operations. However, these environments are not always precisely known. In order to address the force tracking control problem in unknown environments, this paper proposes a fractional-order PID adaptive impedance control strategy based on traditional impedance control. The unknown environmental information is estimated online using the adaptive impedance control algorithm, and the estimated parameters are used to generate reference trajectories to reduce force tracking errors. Fractional-order PID control is then introduced into the system to improve the control performance of the system model, and the theoretical proof of strategy stability is conducted. Finally, a comparison of four strategies was conducted through simulations: traditional impedance control, adaptive hybrid impedance control, adaptive variable impedance control, and the fractional-order PID impedance control proposed in this paper. The simulation results demonstrate that the strategy proposed in this paper exhibits robustness, virtually eliminates overshoot, and enhances response speed. In contrast, both adaptive hybrid impedance control and adaptive variable impedance control exhibit approximately 30% to 45% overshoot during interactions with the environment. Furthermore, in terms of force tracking error, the proposed strategy in this paper outperforms the above two strategies by approximately 29% to 60%, achieving excellent force tracking control performance.
Study of Nonlinear Aerodynamic Self-Excited Force in Flutter Bifurcation and Limit Cycle Oscillation of Long-Span Suspension Bridge
Authors: Liu Jieshan , Wang Fan , Yang Yang
Published: September 2023

This article establishes a nonlinear flutter system for a long-span suspension bridge, aiming to analyze its supercritical flutter response under the influence of nonlinear aerodynamic self-excited force. By fitting the experimental discrete values of flutter derivatives using the least squares method, a polynomial function of flutter derivatives with respect to reduced wind speed is obtained. Flutter critical value is determined by the linear matrix eigenvalues of a state-space equation. The occurrence of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation in the nonlinear system is determined by the Jacobian matrix eigenvalues of the state-space equation and the system’s vibrational response at the critical state. The vibrational response of the supercritical state is obtained through Runge–Kutta integration, revealing the presence of stable limit cycle oscillation (LCO) and unstable limit cycle oscillation in the system, and through analyzing the relationship between the LCO amplitude and wind speed. Considering cubic nonlinear damping and stiffness, the effects of different factors on the nonlinear flutter system are analyzed.
Fingerprints of the Automotive Radar Scattering of Passenger Cars and Vans
Authors: Aust Philip , Hau Florian , Dickmann Jürgen , Hein Matthias A.
Published: September 2023

The radar scattering characteristics of extended objects are an important parameter for perception and tracking algorithms in automated driving tasks. Therefore, high-fidelity sensor models are required to simulate and evaluate typical driving scenarios in virtual testing applications. While the general analysis of typical scattering centers of passenger cars is well studied, there are only a few publicly available reports that analyze specific features of the scattering characteristics of different vehicle types. Hence, this work presents detection distributions derived from systematic measurements for six different vehicle types, conducted with a commercial automotive radar on a proving ground. In particular, the contribution of underbody reflections to the respective radar signatures is analyzed, which are caused by multipath propagation via the road surface. The measurements reveal distinctive differences between the scattering characteristics of different vehicles, which are attributed to the respective underbody geometry.
Reliability by Using Weibull Distribution Based on Vibration Fatigue Damage
Authors: Barraza-Contreras Jesús M. , Piña-Monarrez Manuel R. , Torres-Villaseñor Roberto C.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a Weibull probabilistic methodology is proposed with an approach to model vibration fatigue damage accumulation using two parameters: Weibull distribution and a nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model. The damage is cumulated based on the application of a vibration stress profile and is used to determine both the Weibull β and η parameters, and the corresponding component reliability R(t). The vibration fatigue damage is analyzed to accumulate the damage as a stress function for a fatigue life exponent derived with the assistance of the acceleration’s force response. The steps to determine the Weibull β and η parameters are estimated based only on the principal vibration stresses σ1 and σ2 that allow the reproduction of the vibration fatigue damage. The method’s efficiency is based on the probabilistic approach by using the vibration fatigue damage as the Yi vector that covers the arithmetic mean as well as the β parameter. Finally, the procedure proposed is applied in a practical case where a mechanical component is used as a support for telecommunication connections and is submitted to vibration stress. The results show that using the damage accumulated as the Yi vector to estimate the parameters allows for the analysis of dynamic and individual applications.
Modeling of Nonlinear SOEC Parameter System Based on Data-Driven Method
Authors: Hou Dehao , Ma Wenjun , Hu Lingyan , Huang Yushui , Yu Yunjun , Wan Xiaofeng , Wu Xiaolong , Li Xi
Published: September 2023

Based on the basic nonlinear parameter system of the solid oxide electrolysis cell, the data-driven method was used for system identification. The basic model of the solid oxide electrolysis cell was accomplished in Simulink and experiments were performed under a diversified input/output operating environment. The experimental results of the solid oxide electrolysis cell basic parameter system generated 15 datasets. The system identification process involved the utilization of these datasets with the application of nonlinear autoregressive-exogenous models. Initially, data identification came from the Matlab mechanism model. Then, the nonlinear autoregressive-exogenous structures were estimated and selected exploratively through an individual operating condition. In terms of fitness, we conclude that the solid oxide electrolysis cell parameter system cannot be satisfied by a solitary autoregressive-exogenous model for all datasets. Nevertheless, the nonlinear autoregressive-exogenous model utilized S-type nonlinearities to fit a total of 2 validation datasets and 15 estimated datasets. The obtained results were compared with the basic parameter system of a solid oxide electrolysis cell, and the nonlinear autoregressive-exogenous projected output demonstrated an accuracy of over 93% across diverse operational circumstances—regardless of whether there was noise interference. This result has positive significance for the future use of the solid oxide electrolysis cell to achieve the dual carbon goal in China.
Spatial Configuration of Urban Greenspace Affects Summer Air Temperature: Diurnal Variations and Scale Effects
Authors: Tian Qin , Qiu Qingdong , Wang Zhiyu , Cai Zhengwu , Hu Li , Liu Huanyao , Feng Ye , Li Xiaoma
Published: September 2023

Optimizing the spatial pattern (spatial compositive and spatial configuration) of urban greenspace can effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect. While the relationship between air temperature (AT) and spatial composition of urban greenspace has been widely studied, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between AT and spatial configuration of urban greenspace and its diurnal variations and scale effects. Based on hourly AT data from 36 meteorological stations in Changsha, China, and land cover data interpreted from the Gaofen 2 remote sensing images, this study first quantified spatial composition (i.e., percent of greenspace) and spatial configuration (i.e., average patch area, patch density, edge density, landscape shape index, and mean shape index) of urban greenspace at different scales (30 m to 2000 m buffer surrounding the air station), then Pearson correlations (between AT and each landscape metric) and partial Pearson correlations (between AT and spatial configuration metrics with percent of greenspace controlled) were analyzed. Multiple linear regression was applied to model the variation of AT using the landscape metrics as independent variables. Finally, the variance partitioning analysis was performed to investigate the relative importance of spatial composition and spatial configuration of urban greenspace to explain the variation of AT. The results showed that (1) the temperature range reached 1.73 °C during the day and 2.94 °C at night. Urban greenspace was fragmented especially at small scales. (2) The Pearson correlation between AT and percent of greenspace fluctuated with the increase of scale and was generally higher during the day than during the night. (3) The spatial pattern of urban greenspace explained as high as 55% of the AT variation, showing diurnal variations and scale effects (i.e., a maximum of 0.54 during the day at 50 m buffer and a maximum of 0.55 during the night at 400 m buffer). (4) A higher percent of greenspace, more aggregated greenspace patches, and simpler greenspace shapes can generate a stronger cooling effect. (5) The relative importance of spatial composition and spatial configuration of greenspace varied among spatial scales and showed diurnal variations. These results emphasize the scale effect as well as diurnal variation of the relationship between urban greenspace spatial pattern and AT. These findings provide theoretical guidance for urban greenspace planning and management to improve the urban thermal environment in rapidly developing subtropical cities such as Changsha, China.
Semi-Spontaneous Post-Crosslinking Triblock Copolymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Battery
Authors: Zheng Zhenan , Huang Jie , Gao Xiang , Luo Yingwu
Published: September 2023

The solid polymer electrolyte is a promising candidate for solid-state lithium battery because of favorable interfacial contact, good processability and economic availability. However, its application is limited because of low ionic conductivity and insufficient mechanical strength. In this study, the delicate molecular structural design was realized via controlled / “living” radical polymerization in order to decouple the trade-off between ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. The random and triblock copolymer electrolytes were designed and synthesized to investigate the influence of molecular structure on ionic conduction, while a chemical cross-linking network was constructed via a semi-spontaneous post-crosslinking reaction. Compared with a random counterpart, the triblock copolymer electrolyte presented stronger chain segment motion and a liquid-like mechanical response due to the independent ion-conducting block, resulting in significantly improved ionic conductivity (from 6.29 ± 1.11 × 10−5 to 9.57 ± 2.82 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 60 °C) and cell performance. When assembled with LiFePO4 and lithium metal electrodes, the cell with triblock copolymer electrolyte showed significantly improved rate performance (150 mAh g−1 at 1 C) and cycling life (200 cycles with 92.8% capacity retention at 1 C). This study demonstrates the advantages of molecular structure regulation on ionic conduction and mechanical support, which may provide new insights for the future design of solid polymer electrolytes.
Adoption of Dimethoxyethane and 1,3-Dioxolane in Electrolyte for Fast Charging of Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Zhang Sheng S.
Published: September 2023

In this work, dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) are studied as the co-solvent of an advanced electrolyte for fast charging of Li-ion batteries by using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) as a salt and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) as an additive. It is shown that even when used with LiFSI and FEC, neither DME nor DOL constitute a suitable electrolyte for Li-ion batteries, either because of their inability to form a robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) with graphite (Gr) anodes or because of their oxidative instability against oxygen released from the delithiated LiNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10O2 (NCM811) and LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), respectively. However, using 30% FEC as the co-solvent can make 1:1 DME/DOL mixture compatible with high-voltage Li-ion batteries and combining it with conventional ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) significantly enhances the fast charging capability of Li-ion batteries. As a result, an advanced electrolyte composed of 1.2 m (molality) LiFSI 1:1:1:2 DME/DOL/EC/EMC + 10% FEC (all by wt.) offers much improved fast-charging performances in terms of capacity and capacity retention for a 200 mAh Gr/NCA pouch cell, compared with a 1.2 m LiFSI 3:7 EC/EMC baseline electrolyte. AC impedance analysis reveals that the significant improvement is attributed to a much reduced charge transfer resistance, while the advanced electrolyte has little effect on the bulk and SEI resistances.
Cartilage Defect Treatment Using High-Density Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (HD-ACI)
Authors: Guillén-García Pedro , Guillén-Vicente Isabel , Rodríguez-Iñigo Elena , Guillén-Vicente Marta , Fernández-Jaén Tomás Fernando , Navarro Ramón , Aboli Lucía , Torres Raúl , Abelow Steve , López-Alcorocho Juan Manuel
Published: September 2023

Hyaline cartilage’s inability to self-repair can lead to osteoarthritis and joint replacement. Various treatments, including cell therapy, have been developed for cartilage damage. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is considered the best option for focal chondral lesions. In this article, we aimed to create a narrative review that highlights the evolution and enhancement of our chondrocyte implantation technique: High-Density-ACI (HD-ACI) Membrane-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) improved ACI using a collagen membrane as a carrier. However, low cell density in MACI resulted in softer regenerated tissue. HD-ACI was developed to improve MACI, implanting 5 million chondrocytes per cm2, providing higher cell density. In animal models, HD-ACI formed hyaline-like cartilage, while other treatments led to fibrocartilage. HD-ACI was further evaluated in patients with knee or ankle defects and expanded to treat hip lesions and bilateral defects. HD-ACI offers a potential solution for cartilage defects, improving outcomes in regenerative medicine and cell therapy. HD-ACI, with its higher cell density, shows promise for treating chondral defects and advancing cartilage repair in regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: New Perspectives for a Challenging Disease
Authors: Cala-Garcia Juan David , Medina-Rincon German Jose , Sierra-Salas Paula Andrea , Rojano Julio , Romero Freddy
Published: September 2023

Mitochondrial biology has always been a relevant field in chronic diseases such as fibrosis or cancer in different organs of the human body, not to mention the strong association between mitochondrial dysfunction and aging. With the development of new technologies and the emergence of new methodologies in the last few years, the role of mitochondria in pulmonary chronic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has taken an important position in the field. With this review, we will highlight the latest advances in mitochondrial research on pulmonary fibrosis, focusing on the role of the mitochondria in the aging lung, new proposals for mechanisms that support mitochondrial dysfunction as an important cause for IPF, mitochondrial dysfunction in different cell populations of the lung, and new proposals for treatment of the disease.
Cannabinoids in Medicine: A Multifaceted Exploration of Types, Therapeutic Applications, and Emerging Opportunities in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Voicu Victor , Brehar Felix-Mircea , Toader Corneliu , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Corlatescu Antonio Daniel , Bordeianu Andrei , Costin Horia Petre , Bratu Bogdan-Gabriel , Glavan Luca-Andrei , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Published: September 2023

In this review article, we embark on a thorough exploration of cannabinoids, compounds that have garnered considerable attention for their potential therapeutic applications. Initially, this article delves into the fundamental background of cannabinoids, emphasizing the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the human body and outlining their significance in studying neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Building on this foundation, this article categorizes cannabinoids into three main types: phytocannabinoids (plant-derived cannabinoids), endocannabinoids (naturally occurring in the body), and synthetic cannabinoids (laboratory-produced cannabinoids). The intricate mechanisms through which these compounds interact with cannabinoid receptors and signaling pathways are elucidated. A comprehensive overview of cannabinoid pharmacology follows, highlighting their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Special emphasis is placed on the role of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases, showcasing their potential benefits in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The potential antitumor properties of cannabinoids are also investigated, exploring their potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment and the mechanisms underlying their anticancer effects. Clinical aspects are thoroughly discussed, from the viability of cannabinoids as therapeutic agents to current clinical trials, safety considerations, and the adverse effects observed. This review culminates in a discussion of promising future research avenues and the broader implications for cannabinoid-based therapies, concluding with a reflection on the immense potential of cannabinoids in modern medicine.
Blockade of the SRC/STAT3/BCL-2 Signaling Axis Sustains the Cytotoxicity in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Induced by Dehydroxyhispolon Methyl Ether
Authors: Hsieh Ya-Chu , Dai Yuan-Chang , Cheng Kur-Ta , Yang Wei-Ting , Ramani Modukuri V. , Subbaraju Gottumukkala V. , Chen Yi-Ju , Chang Chia-Che
Published: September 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent human cancer globally. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based systemic chemotherapy is the primary strategy for advanced CRC treatment, yet is limited by poor response rate. Deregulated activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is fundamental to driving CRC malignant transformation and a poor prognostic marker for CRC, underscoring STAT3 as a promising CRC drug target. Dehydroxyhispolon methyl ether (DHME) is an analog of Hispolon, an anticancer polyphenol abundant in the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus. Previously, we have established DHME’s cytotoxic effect on human CRC cell lines by eliciting apoptosis through the blockade of WNT/β-catenin signaling, a preeminent CRC oncogenic pathway. Herein, we unraveled that compared with 5-FU, DHME is a more potent killer of CRC cells while being much less toxic to normal colon epithelial cells. DHME suppressed both constitutive and interleukin 6 (IL-6)-induced STAT3 activation represented by tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 (p-STAT3 (Y705)); notably, DHME-induced CRC apoptosis and clonogenicity limitation were abrogated by ectopic expression of STAT3-C, a dominant-active STAT3 mutant. Additionally, we proved that BCL-2 downregulation caused by DHME-mediated STAT3 blockage is responsible for DHME-induced CRC cell apoptosis. Lastly, DHME inhibited SRC activation, and v-src overexpression restored p-STAT3 (Y705) levels along with lowering the levels of apoptosis in DHME-treated CRC cells. We conclude DHME provokes CRC cell apoptosis by blocking the SRC/STAT3/BCL-2 axis besides thwarting WNT/β-catenin signaling. The notion that DHME targets two fundamental CRC signaling pathways underpins the potential of DHME as a CRC chemotherapy agent.
Psychometric Validation of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale in a Professional Teaching Context
Authors: Mieres-Chacaltana Manuel , Salvo-Garrido Sonia , Dominguez-Lara Sergio , Gálvez-Nieto José Luis , Alarcón-Bañares Paula
Published: September 2023

For the teaching profession, prosociality is a relevant skill. From this perspective, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale (APBS) in a professional setting of primary school Chilean teachers (n = 1404; mean age = 41.4; SD = 10.8; 77.4% women). ESEM and CFA were applied to evaluate its factor structure, internal consistency, factorial reliability, and invariance. The results supported a bifactor ESEM model in which prosociality was represented by a general latent factor and four specific factors (helping, sharing, caring, and empathy). A predominance of the unidimensional component of the APBS was observed (general factor, ECV = 0.938; ωh = 0.945), with adequate reliability (α = 0.932; ω of the factor general = 0.968) and invariance of the measurement in terms of gender. Its adequacy was confirmed by a good level of fit (RMSEA = 0.042 90%CI [0.036–0.049]; SRMR = 0.012; CFI = 0.995; TLI = 0.988). It is concluded that the APBS is a suitable instrument to measure prosociality in the professional setting studied. Its general and specific dimensions are relevant to the prosocial behaviors currently required of teachers. Future studies could contribute evidence of the transcultural validation of the APBS in other educational contexts in order to undertake comparative studies.
Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Marine Soft Soil Treated by Prefabricated Vertical Drain-Assisted Staged Riprap under Seawall Construction
Authors: Wu Xue-Ting , Liu Jun-Ning , Xie Zhi-Min
Published: September 2023

Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) with staged riprap preloading have been widely used in soft soil ground improvement and embankment construction. However, ground treatment effectiveness evaluation is still a difficult problem due to multiple factors. Considering this, in situ monitoring and numerical simulation were conducted to study the deformation and strength characteristics of marine soft soil ground treated by PVD-assisted staged riprap under the Lingni Seawall construction in China. Monitoring and analysis of results showed that use of PVD-assisted staged riprap resulted in a good improvement effect. In particular, in the PVD-treated zone within 10 m in depth, corresponding to a half-length of the PVD, the average radial degree of consolidation reached up to 75–100%, and the soil strength increased significantly by 200–700%. Moreover, numerical simulation showed that the linear 1-dimensional drain element of PVD closely met the engineering accuracy requirements with good consistency with the monitoring data. Compared with a totally solid element model, the numbers of elements and nodes were reduced and the calculating efficiency and model accuracy were increased by using a PVD linear element, which provides a basis for building large complex finite element models.
The State of Industry 4.0 in the Australian Construction Industry: An Examination of Industry and Academic Point of View
Authors: Soltani Sahar , Maxwell Duncan , Rashidi Ali
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current state of Industry 4.0 (IR 4.0) with regard to construction in Australia and to identify the key factors that are driving and hindering its adoption. A literature review and desktop review were conducted to extract mainstream topics, followed by a two-folded workshop designed with a multidisciplinary team of academics, as well as representatives of mainstream firms and peak bodies from the construction value chain. Our study has highlighted the importance of considering both technological and human-related factors in the adoption of IR 4.0 to address barriers that have been traditionally overlooked, and work towards a more successful and holistic implementation of this transformative paradigm. By considering the social aspects of construction, prioritizing data-driven approaches with a focus on privacy and ethics, and emphasizing integration, these facilitators contribute to the effective implementation and success of IR 4.0 in the construction industry. The findings of this study have significant implications for the construction industry in Australia. Addressing the barriers to digital construction adoption and embracing IR 4.0 technologies can help the industry to improve productivity, reduce costs, and enhance sustainability. Additionally, investing in education and training can help to build the necessary skills and capabilities needed to drive the industry forward in the digital age.
Identification and Simulation of the Influencing Factors of Private Capital Participation in Urban and Rural Infrastructure Transformation Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhu Yuxuan , Du Xiaoqing , Yan Hong , Fu Guanghui
Published: September 2023

An important force for participation in urban and rural infrastructure transformation (URIT) is private capital (PC), which helps to emphasize the importance of government departments in effectively implementing quality urban development strategies when driving PC in order to participate in URIT in a compliant and efficient manner. This article constructs a system of factors that influence the participation of PC in URIT, which uses the analytical hierarchy process–criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (AHP-CRITIC) combination method to quantify the comprehensive assignment of influencing factors, in order to analyze the poor effectiveness of PC participation in URIT. On this basis, combined with a logical mechanism analysis of PC participation in URIT, the evolutionary system dynamics model was constructed, and it concerned the correlation between PC’s willingness to participate in URIT and PC’s willingness to participate in each of the influencing factors. The results of the study show that (1) factors such as “return on project investment”, “tax breaks”, “level of government finance”, “project construction cost”, “mechanism for public selection of PC”, and “establishment of a special coordinating department” are the most influential factors concerning the willingness of PC to participate in URIT; (2) the “open selection of PC” and the “establishment of a coordinating department” at the level of government behavior, and “tax relief” at the level of the policy system, directly affect the willingness of PC to participate in URIT; and (3) the analysis is based on the model simulation results, combined with stakeholder theory and incentive theory. After analyzing the simulation results, it was observed that increasing the degree of implementation, regarding the “public selection of PC” and “establishment of coordination departments” among the influencing factors related to the government’s behavior, significantly enhanced the willingness of PC to participate during the final stage of the simulation. The willingness increased from 2.81 to 3.24 and 3.22, respectively. Furthermore, after doubling the “tax relief” within the policy system, the willingness of PC to participate increased from 2.81 to 3.05 during the final simulation. Finally, this article gives strategic recommendations as to how governments can incentivize PC participation in URIT, which mainly include strengthening the profitability of URIT projects, innovating the PC participation model, improving the completeness of the supporting policies, and strengthening the co-ordination of local policies. The theoretical models and research results presented in this article can provide a reference for government policy makers to encourage PC participation in URIT and provide new ideas for transformation methods concerning PC participation in URIT.
Development of BrIM-Based Bridge Maintenance System for Existing Bridges
Authors: Jeon Chi-Ho , Nguyen Duy-Cuong , Roh Gitae , Shim Chang-Su
Published: September 2023

Globally, bridges are rapidly aging, and traditional maintenance approaches face significant challenges in terms of efficiency and cost. To overcome these challenges, considerable research has been conducted to introduce enhanced bridge management systems (BMSs) based on bridge information modeling (BrIM) from various perspectives. However, most studies have highlighted the advantages of BrIM, while neglecting the practical issues that potential users may encounter on existing bridges. The primary problem is digitizing existing bridges that have not yet adopted BrIM. The universal applicability of BrIM should be carefully considered from the perspective of national maintenance authorities managing thousands of bridges, because modeling based on commercial software is expected to be time-consuming and costly. Therefore, in this study, information and functional requirements were derived from interviews with stakeholders, including bridge owners, managers, and site inspectors. Based on this understanding, a data-driven modeling approach using basic bridge information was implemented, and an inventory code system was integrated to efficiently manage and utilize the data. Moreover, mapping and deep learning-based vectorization were considered for managing inspection information, and features for bridge assessment, dashboards, and reporting were incorporated to support decision-making. The developed BrIM demonstrated the potential for enhancing maintenance efficiency through a case study. Particularly, significant improvements were observed in mandatory documentation tasks, along with their investigation and analysis, as required by regulations. Additionally, efficient modeling and data management were achieved for the existing bridge.
Microscopical Variables and Tumor Inflammatory Microenvironment Do Not Modify Survival or Recurrence in Stage I-IIA Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Dell’Amore Andrea , Bonis Alessandro , Melan Luca , Silvestrin Stefano , Cannone Giorgio , Shamshoum Fares , Zampieri Alberto , Pezzuto Federica , Calabrese Fiorella , Nicotra Samuele , Schiavon Marco , Faccioli Eleonora , Mammana Marco , Comacchio Giovanni Maria , Pasello Giulia , Rea Federico
Published: September 2023

Microscopical predictors and Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) have been studied less in early-stage NSCLC due to the curative intent of resection and the satisfactory survival rate achievable. Despite this, the emerging literature enforces the role of the immune system and microscopical predictors as prognostic variables in NSCLC and in adenocarcinomas (ADCs) as well. Here, we investigated whether cancer-related microscopical variables and TIME influence survival and recurrence in I-IIA ADCs. We retrospectively collected I-IIA ADCs treated (lobectomy or segmentectomy) at the University Hospital (Padova) between 2016 and 2022. We assigned to pathological variables a cumulative pathological score (PS) resulting as the sum of them. TIME was investigated as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs < 11% or ≥11%) and PD-L1 considering its expression (<1% or ≥1%). Then, we compared survival and recurrence according to PS, histology, TILs and PD-L1. A total of 358 I-IIA ADCs met the inclusion criteria. The median PS grew from IA1 to IIA, indicating an increasing microscopical cancer activity. Except for the T-SUVmax, any pathological predictor seemed to be different between PD-L1 < 1% and ≥1%. Histology, PS, TILs and PD-L1 were unable to indicate a survival difference according to the Log-rank test (p = 0.37, p = 0.25, p = 0.41 and p = 0.23). Even the recurrence was non-significant (p = 0.90, p = 0.62, p = 0.97, p = 0.74). According to our findings, resection remains the best upfront treatment in I-IIA ADCs. Microscopical cancer activity grows from IA1 to IIA tumors, but it does not affect outcomes. These outcomes are also unmodified by TIME. Probably, microscopical cancer development and immune reaction against cancer are overwhelmed by an adequate R0-N0 resection.
Special Issue: “Pediatric Orthopedic Malignancy: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment”
Authors: Aiba Hisaki , Miwa Shinji , Murakami Hideki , Kimura Hiroaki
Published: September 2023

Pediatric orthopedic malignancies are extremely rare and require appropriate diagnosis and treatment by a multidisciplinary team [...]
Stress and Anxiety among High School Adolescents: Correlations between Physiological and Psychological Indicators in a Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
Authors: Stromájer Gábor Pál , Csima Melinda , Iváncsik Réka , Varga Bernadett , Takács Krisztina , Stromájer-Rácz Tímea
Published: September 2023

Mental and psychological disorders are serious health problems worldwide. Anxiety among high school students can affect school performance, relationships, and family life. Objective: Our aim is to understand the anxiety levels and associated factors among high school students and compare the results of psychological tests measuring anxiety with the cortisol levels obtained from biological sampling. Method: In our longitudinal follow-up study, we involved 125 individuals in May 2019. Validated measurement tools were used during questionnaire data collection, including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Clear Communication Scale, Multiple Social Perceived Support Scale, and related HBSC questions. As objective data, we collected hair samples for cortisol level measurement. Results: At the end of the school year, the anxiety levels measured by psychological tests were significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to the anxiety levels at the beginning of the next school year. Anxiety levels were higher among girls and were influenced by the type of school and parental expectations. Both state anxiety and trait anxiety showed a strong correlation with psychosomatic symptoms (p < 0.001) and anxiety arising from school expectations (p < 0.05). The changes in cortisol levels did not follow the changes in psychological tests. Cortisol level increased (p = 0.01) in the second sample.
Pleural Fluid-to-Blood BNP Ratio May Contribute to Prognosis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Tsolaki Vasiliki , Zakynthinos George E. , Zarogiannis Sotirios , Zygoulis Paris , Kalomenidis Ioannis , Jagirdar Rajesh , Triantafyllou Ioannis , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I. , Makris Demosthenes , Zakynthinos Epaminondas
Published: September 2023

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) seems to be produced from malignant mesothelial cells other than cardiomyocytes. We aimed to evaluate whether an increased pleural fluid-to-blood BNP ratio in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) could facilitate prognosis beyond diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Patients with MPM were included (observational study). One- and two-year survival and factors affecting it were tested. To evaluate the prognostic significance of the natriuretic peptide precursor B (NPPB) gene expression in MPM, we constructed a survival curve from data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results: Nineteen consecutive patients with MPM were included (age: 67 (61, 80), male 78.9%). One- and two-year survival were 52.6% and 31.6%, respectively. Age, performance status, and the other variables tested did not differ between survivors and non-survivors. Non-survivors presented higher pleural fluid BNP in two years (699 (210, 5000) vs. 379.5 (5, 567), p = 0.036) and BNP ratios than survivors (1-year: 28.75 (4.05, 150.24) vs. 3.49 (0.3, 26) p = 0.001, 2-years: 22.8 (2.42, 150.24) vs. 3.49 (0.3, 7.76), p = 0.001). One- and two-year survival rates in patients with BNP ratios above/equal to the median value (8.82) were 20% and 0%, and 88.9% and 66.7%, respectively, in patients with BNP ratios below 8.82 (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002, respectively). MPM patients with low NPPB expression presented significantly higher survival rates compared to patients with higher expressions (p = 0.032). Conclusion: A high pleural fluid/blood BNP ratio, an easily performed in everyday practice, costless biomarker seems to predict poorer survival better than the commonly reported prognostic factors in MPM.
Applications of Beehive Products for Wound Repair and Skin Care
Authors: Martinotti Simona , Bonsignore Gregorio , Ranzato Elia
Published: September 2023

There is a long and interesting history between honeybees and humans. From the beginning, honey has been utilized not only as a sweetener, but also as an ointment and a drug to treat several diseases. Until the discovery of antibiotics, honey was a very popular product used to protect and preserve skin and promote wound healing, to counteract gastrointestinal pains and disorders of the oral cavity, and for other diseases. After the development of antibiotic resistance, honey again gained interest for its use in wound management. Subsequently, more recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have displayed antimicrobial, antioxidant, and other effects of honey and honeybee products, as well as protection of cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that beehive products are also able to influence the phenotype of skin cells, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, involved in correct wound healing. This review will characterize the great potential of honeybee products in the field of health and skin care, considering that honey is a virtually inexhaustible natural resource which people, as bees have been domesticated over the centuries, can freely access.
The Role of Cholangioscopy in Biliary Diseases
Authors: Mauro Aurelio , Mazza Stefano , Scalvini Davide , Lusetti Francesca , Bardone Marco , Quaretti Pietro , Cobianchi Lorenzo , Anderloni Andrea
Published: September 2023

Endoscopy plays a central role in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to biliary disease in both benign and malignant conditions. A cholangioscope is an endoscopic instrument that allows for the direct exploration of the biliary tree. Over the years, technology has improved endoscopic image quality and allowed for the development of an operative procedure that can be performed during cholangioscopy. Different types of instruments are available in this context, and they can be used in different anatomical access points according to the most appropriate clinical indication. The direct visualization of biliary mucosa is essential in the presence of biliary strictures of unknown significance, allowing for the appropriate allocation of patients to surgery or conservative treatments. Cholangioscopy has demonstrated excellent performance in discriminating malignant conditions (such as colangiocarcinoma) from benign inflammatory strictures, and more recent advances (e.g., artificial intelligence and confocal laser endomicroscopy) could further increase its diagnostic accuracy. Cholangioscopy also plays a primary role in the treatment of benign conditions such as difficult bile stones (DBSs). In this case, it may not be possible to achieve complete biliary drainage using standard ERCP. Therapeutic cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy allows for stone fragmentation and complete biliary drainage. Indeed, other complex clinical situations, such as patients with intra-hepatic lithiasis and patients with an altered anatomy, could benefit from the therapeutic role of cholangioscopy. The aim of the present review is to explore the most recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances in the roles of cholangioscopy in the management of biliary diseases.
The Association of suPAR with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young and Healthy Adults
Authors: Wohlwend Niklas Fabio , Grossmann Kirsten , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Weideli Ornella C. , Telser Julia , Risch Martin , Conen David , Risch Lorenz
Published: September 2023

The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), as a correlate of chronic low-grade inflammation, may be used to predict individual cardiovascular risk. Since chronic low-grade inflammation is thought to be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, this study aimed to evaluate if suPAR plasma levels are correlated with cardiovascular risk factors in young and healthy adults (aged 25–41 years). Consequently, data from the GAPP (genetic and phenotypic determinants of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors) study were used to investigate suPAR plasma levels in relation to the following cardiovascular risk factors and laboratory parameters: BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking status, blood pressure parameters, glucose status, and lipid levels. Additionally, suPAR was compared to the healthy lifestyle score and the Framingham score representing the overall cardiovascular risk profile. These associations were assessed using two different statistical approaches. Firstly, all cardiovascular risk factors and scores were compared amongst sex-specific suPAR plasma levels with ANOVA analysis. Secondly, sex-specific multivariable linear regressions were performed. Female participants had higher plasma suPAR levels than male participants (1.73 ng/mL versus 1.50 ng/mL; p < 0.001). A significant inverse correlation between suPAR plasma levels and HDL cholesterol was found in men (p = 0.001) and women (p < 0.001). Furthermore, male (p < 0.001) and female participants (p < 0.001) who smoked showed significantly higher plasma levels of suPAR (p < 0.001). For male participants, an inverse correlation of the healthy lifestyle score with suPAR plasma levels (p = 0.001) and a positive correlation of the Framingham score with suPAR plasma levels (p < 0.001) were detected. In women, no such correlation was found. The cholesterol levels (p = 0.001) and HbA1c (p = 0.008) correlated significantly with plasma suPAR levels in female participants. suPAR plasma levels were found to be strongly associated with certain cardiovascular risk factors; however, sex-specific differences were found. These sex-specific differences might be explained by the higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in men resulting in a stronger correlation of suPAR as a marker of low-grade inflammation, since the existence of the risk factors already led to subclinical damage in men. Further research on suPAR levels in an older study population is needed.