bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cladophialophora bantianabrain abscess with lymphadenitis
Authors: Suri Vinit , Pandey Shishir , Goyal Nidhi , Rani Hena
Published: October 2021

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis refers to central nervous system infection by dematiaceous mould or by dark walled fungi which contain the dark pigment melanin in their cell wall which adds to the virulence of fungus. These dematiaceous fungi can cause a variety of central nervous infections including invasive sinusitis, brain abscess, meningitis, myelitis and arachnoiditis.Cladophialophora bantianaamong these dematiaceous fungi is the most common cause of brain abscess in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals and is known to occur worldwide though is predominantly reported from subtropical regions especially the Asian subcontinent. It is difficult to differentiate these abscesses radiologically from high-grade gliomas, primary central nervous system lymphoma or other infections including toxoplasmosis, nocardiosis, tuberculosis and listeriosis. We describe a 19-year-old male patient with a cerebral abscess caused byC. bantianawhere the diagnosis could be suspected by typical MR spectroscopic findings and by identifying the fungus from a lymph node biopsy.
LHCb: Heavy-ion physics results and prospects
Authors: Litvinov Roman
Published: October 2021

Here, we report on the results and prospects of the LHCb experiment at CERN as well as the upgrades of the LHCb detector within the scope of heavy-ion physics. A particular attention will be given to the extension of the fixed-target program and to the performance of the detector in high-occupancy nucleus–nucleus collisions. The technical description will be followed by a discussion of the results and the prospects for heavy-ion physics in fixed-target and collider mode.
Activation of brain-heart axis during REM sleep: a trigger for dreaming
Authors: Nardelli Mimma , Catrambone Vincenzo , Grandi Giulia , Banfi Tommaso , Bruno Rosa Maria , Scilingo Enzo Pasquale , Faraguna Ugo , Valenza Gaetano
Published: October 2021

Dreams may be recalled after awakening from sleep following a defined electroencephalographic pattern that involves local decreases in low-frequency activity in the posterior cortical regions. Although a dreaming experience implies bodily changes at many organ, system, and timescale levels, the entity and causal role of such peripheral changes in a conscious dream experience are unknown. We performed a comprehensive, causal, multivariate analysis of physiological signals acquired during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep at night, including high-density electroencephalography and peripheral dynamics including electrocardiography and blood pressure. In this preliminary study, we investigated multiple recalls and nonrecalls of dream experiences using data from nine healthy volunteers. The aim was not only to investigate the changes in central and autonomic dynamics associated with dream recalls and nonrecalls, but also to characterize the central-peripheral dynamical and (causal) directional interactions, and the temporal relations of the related arousals upon awakening. We uncovered a brain-body network that drives a conscious dreaming experience that acts with specific interaction and time delays. Such a network is sustained by the blood pressure dynamics and the increasing functional information transfer from the neural heartbeat regulation to the brain. We conclude that bodily changes play a crucial and causative role in a conscious dream experience during REM sleep.
Total Sesquiterpene Glycosides from Loquat Leaves Ameliorate HFD‐Induced Insulin Resistance by Modulating IRS‐1/GLUT4, TRPV1, and SIRT6/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Wu Ruoyun , Jian Tunyu , Ding Xiaoqin , Lv Han , Meng Xiuhua , Ren Bingru , Li Jing , Chen Jian , Li Weilin
Published: October 2021

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), a subtropical fruit tree native to Asia, is not only known to be nutritive but also beneficial for the treatment of diabetes in the south of China. To expand its development, this study was undertaken concerning the potential therapeutic role of total sesquiterpene glycosides (TSGs) from loquat leaves in insulin resistance (IR), the major causative factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Male C57BL/6 mice were fed on high‐fat diet (HFD) to induce IR and then were given TSG by oral administration at 25 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. TSG notably improved metabolic parameters including body weight, serum glucose, and insulin levels and prevented hepatic injury. Moreover, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were found to be remarkably alleviated in IR mice with TSG supplement. Further research in liver of IR mice demonstrated that TSG repaired the signalings of insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1)/glucose transporter member 4 (GLUT4) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which improved glucose and lipid metabolism and prevented lipid accumulation in liver. It was also observed that TSG suppressed the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), whereas the signaling pathway of sirtuin‐6 (SIRT6)/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly promoted. Based on the results, the current study demonstrated that TSG from loquat leaves potentially ameliorated IR in vivo by enhancing IRS‐1/GLUT4 signaling and AMPK activation and modulating TRPV1 and SIRT6/Nrf2 signaling pathways.
Depression and Anxiety Disorders Impact in the Quality of Life of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Yamamoto-Furusho Jesús K. , Bozada Gutiérrez Katya E. , Sarmiento-Aguilar Andrea , Fresán-Orellana Ana , Arguelles-Castro Perla , García-Alanis Mario
Published: October 2021

Objective. Anxiety and depression have a negative influence in the quality of life. The aim of the study was to determinate the levels of sensitivity and specificity of the Anxiety and Hospital Depression Scale (HADS) and compare the quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and depression or anxiety. Methods. This study included 104 patients with diagnosis of IBD. Each patient received psychiatric intervention with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV Axis I Disorders) instrument as a gold standard to stablish the cut-off points of HADS. Quality of life was also evaluated with IBDQ-32. Demographic and clinical variables were collected. Results. Most of the patients reported a high quality of life (73.1%,

n
=
76

), while 25.0% (

n
=
26

) express a moderate quality of life. The ROC curves for both psychiatric entities showed an adequate discriminative capacity of the HADS-anxiety dimension (

AUC
=
0.84

,

95
%
CI
=
0.76

-0.92) with a limited discriminability of the HADS-depression dimension (

AUC
=
0.58

,

95
%
CI
=
0.46

-0.70) using the proposed scoring of 8 as a cut-off point. Conclusions. Anxiety and depression impact negatively in the quality of life in Mexican patients with IBD. The Mexican version of HADS had acceptable internal consistency and external validity, with moderate sensitivity and specificity for clearly identifying clinical cases of anxiety and depression in patients with IBD.
Influence of Propeller Slipstream on the Flow Field of S-Shaped Intake
Authors: Ren Shuili , Liu Peiqing
Published: October 2021

For turboprop engine, the S-shaped intake affects the engine performance and the propeller is not far in front of the inlet of the S-shaped intake, so the slipstream inevitably affects the flow field in the S-shaped intake and the engine performance. Here, an S-shaped intake with/without propeller is studied by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation employed SST k-ω turbulence model. The results are presented as time-averaged results and transient results. By comparing the flow field in S-shaped intake with/without propeller, the transient results show that total pressure recovery coefficient and distortion coefficient on the AIP section vary periodically with time. The time-averaged results show that the influence of propeller slipstream on the performance of S-shaped intake is mainly circumferential interference and streamwise interference. Circumferential interference mainly affects the secondary flow in the S-shaped intake and then affects the airflow uniformity; the streamwise interference mainly affects the streamwise flow separation in the S-shaped intake and then affects the total pressure recovery. The total pressure recovery coefficient on the AIP section for the S-shaped intake with propeller is 1%-2.5% higher than that for S-shaped intake without propeller, and the total pressure distortion coefficient on the AIP section for the S-shaped intake with propeller is 1%-12% higher than that for the S-shaped intake without propeller. However, compared with the free stream flow velocity (

Ma
=
0.527

), the influence of the propeller slipstream belongs to the category of small disturbance, which is acceptable for engineering applications.
Isolated Oculomotor Cranial Nerve Palsy as Unusual Presentation of Primary High-Grade Burkitt’s Cell Lymphoma in HIV Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abdelmahmuod Elabbass A. , Abdulgayoom Mohammed , Elhadi Mohammed , Magboul Hiba , Sharaf Eldean Mouhammad Z. , Alatasi Sali
Published: October 2021

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell neoplasm that is well known to be associated with HIV. The presentation usually reflects the underline immunodeficiency state (like opportunistic infections and chronic diarrhea, and enlarged lymph nodes). The most common causes for 3rd cranial nerve palsy are intracranial aneurysm, ischemia, trauma, and migraine. But for our case, it turned out to be associated with underline HIV and BL, which is an unusual cause. Here, we present a 43-year-old gentleman with no past medical history presented to the emergency department with 4 days history of drooping of left eyelid and headache and binocular diplopia with no other neurological features. CT abdomen showed lymph node enlargement. Lymph node biopsy showed the characteristic of Burkitt’s cell lymphoma. He was started on chemotherapy, but unfortunately, he died. We’re enlightening this case of an isolated oculomotor nerve palsy to diagnose lethal pathology like disseminated BL.
Stroke Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Results From the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
Authors: Shakil Saate S. , Emmons-Bell Sophia , Rutan Christine , Walchok Jason , Navi Babak , Sharma Richa , Sheth Kevin , Roth Gregory A. , Elkind Mitchell S.V.
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke. We present prevalence and characteristics of strokes in patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection enrolled in the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry.

Methods:

In this quality improvement registry study, we examined demographic, baseline clinical characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The primary outcomes were ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and in-hospital death.

Results:

Among 21 073 patients with COVID-19 admitted at 107 hospitals between January 29, 2020, and November 23, 2020, 160 (0.75%) experienced acute ischemic stroke/TIA (55.3% of all acute strokes) and 129 (0.61%) had other types of stroke. Among nonischemic strokes, there were 44 (15.2%) intracerebral hemorrhages, 33 (11.4%) subarachnoid hemorrhages, 21 (7.3%) epidural/subdural hemorrhages, 2 (0.7%) cerebral venous sinus thromboses, and 24 (8.3%) strokes not otherwise classified. Asians and non-Hispanic Blacks were overrepresented among ischemic stroke/TIA patients compared with their overall representation in the registry, but adjusted odds of stroke did not vary by race. Median time from COVID-19 symptom onset to ischemic stroke was 11.5 days (interquartile range, 17.8); median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 11 (interquartile range, 17). COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke/TIA had higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation compared with those without stroke. Intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation were associated with higher odds of acute ischemic stroke/TIA, but older age was not a predictor. In adjusted models, acute ischemic stroke/TIA was not associated with in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions:

Ischemic stroke risk did not vary by race. In contrast to the association between older age and death from COVID-19, ischemic stroke risk was the highest among middle-aged adults after adjusting for comorbidities and illness severity, suggesting a potential mechanism for ischemic stroke in COVID-19 independent of age-related atherosclerotic pathways.
The Enemy Within? Green Industrial Policy and Stranded Assets in China’s Power Sector
Authors: Nahm Jonas , Urpelainen Johannes
Published: October 2021

This article examines potential interest group opposition to green industrial policies through the lens of state investment in China’s coal power sector. Using a novel data set on financial investments in Chinese coal power plants, we show that state actors have controlling stakes in the majority of nominally private coal plants. Importantly, the majority of such plants have investments from multiple levels of government. Green industrial policies could therefore face resistance from economic coalitions within the state, as state-owned coal plants and government agencies object to policies that harm their financial interests. Theoretically, this implies the need for a conceptualization of state capacity that allows for the ability to overcome internal opposition. Empirically, we highlight a predicament for the Chinese state: it has set ambitious goals to decarbonize but also has a vested interest in ensuring the profitability of the world’s largest coal-fired power generation fleet.
Energy and the Complexity of International Order
Authors: Oatley Thomas
Published: October 2021

This article explores the role of states and industrial policy in shaping the historical coevolution of energy and international order. I explore how states, by narrowly self-interested pecuniary goals, the desire for geopolitical advantage, and concerns about the political ramifications of domestic economic structure, use industrial policy to encourage the development of energy-intensive transportation and agricultural systems. Over time, increasingly energy-intensive systems allowed an increasingly complex international order to develop, one characterized by significant differentiation and specialization organized over a geographically expansive area. This contemporary complex order is dependent on fossil fuels. I argue that states retain geopolitical and domestic political incentives to use green industrial policy to develop the technologies needed to transition away from this fossil fuel dependence, but industrial policy today faces greater challenges than it did in the past.
Lectotypification of Eragrostis burmanica (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) and note on its occurrence in India
Authors: LANDGE SHAHID NAWAZ , SHINDE RAJENDRA D.
Published: October 2021

N/A
Identifying immune subtypes of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and a four-paired-lncRNA signature with immune-related lncRNAs
Authors: Li Nan , Yu Kai , Lin Zhong , Zeng Dingyuan
Published: October 2021

Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is the third most frequent gynecological malignancies in the female reproductive system. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely involved in tumor progression. This study aimed to develop an immune subtyping system and a prognostic model based on lncRNAs for UCEC. Paired lncRNAs and non-negative matrix factorization were applied to identify immune subtypes. Enrichment analysis was conducted to assess functional pathways, immune-related genes, and cells. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to analyze the relation between lncRNAs and overall survival (OS). A prognostic model was constructed and optimized by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Two immune subtypes (C1 and C2) and four paired-prognostic lncRNAs closely associated with overall survival were identified. Some immune features, sensitivity of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and the relation with immune escape showed variations between two subtypes. A nomogram established based on prognostic model and clinical features was effective in OS prediction. The immune subtyping system based on lncRNAs and the four-paired-lncRNA signature was predictive of UCEC prognosis and can facilitate personalized therapies such as immunotherapy or RNA-based therapy for UCEC patients.
RNA-Seq analysis in giant pandas reveals the differential expression of multiple genes involved in cataract formation
Authors: You Yuyan , Bai Chao , Liu Xuefeng , Lu Yan , Jia Ting , Xia Maohua , Yin Yanqiang , Wang Wei , Chen Yucun , Zhang Chenglin , Liu Yan , Wang Liqin , Pu Tianchun , Ma Tao , Liu Yanhui , Zhou Jun , Niu Lili , Xu Suhui , Ni Yanxia , Hu Xin , Zhang Zengshuai
Published: October 2021

Background

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered mammalian species native to China. Fewer than 2500 giant pandas are known to exist, many of which are bred in captivity as a means to preserve and repopulate the species. Like other captive mammals, giant pandas acquire age-related cataracts, reducing their quality of life. Recent comparative genome-wide methylation analysis revealed 110 differentially methylated genes associated with cataract formation including six also associated with the formation of age-related cataracts in humans.

Results

To investigate the pathological pathway in greater detail, here we used RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the differential expression profiles of genes in three giant pandas with cataracts and three healthy controls. We identified more than 700 differentially expressed genes, 29 of which were selected for further analysis based on their low q-value. We found that many of the genes encoded regulatory and signaling proteins associated with the control of cell growth, migration, differentiation and apoptosis, supporting previous research indicating a key role for apoptosis in cataract formation.

Conclusion

The identification of genes involved in the formation of age-related cataracts could facilitate the development of predictive markers, preventative measures and even new therapies to improve the life of captive animals.
The influence of probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and sleep insufficiency on fall risk in a community-dwelling elderly population
Authors: Han Chao , An Jing , Chan Piu
Published: October 2021

Background

The objective was to investigate the individual effect and potential interactions of probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) and sleep insufficiency on fall risk among a Chinese elderly population.

Methods

Community-dwelling population aged 55 years or above were recruited from the Beijing Longitudinal Study on Aging II cohort from 2010 to 2011. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. Multiplicative and additive interactions between pRBD and sleep insufficiency were examined using likelihood ratio tests and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), respectively.

Results

Among 6891 included participants, 479 experienced at least once fall. pRBD and sleep insufficiency were both independently associated with elevated fall risk. Compared to the elderly without pRBD or sleep insufficiency, pRBD and sleep insufficiency was each associated with a 2.57-fold (OR = 2.57, 95%CI: 1.46–4.31) and 1.45-fold (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.11–1.88) risk of falls individually, while their coexistence was associated with a less-than-additive 17% (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 0.43–2.63) increased risk of falls. The combination of these two factors demonstrated evidence of a negative interaction on both multiplicative (ratio of ORs = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.10, 0.86) and additive (RERI = − 1.85, 95%CI: − 3.61, − 0.09) scale.

Conclusions

Our study has provided robust evidence for the adverse effect of pRBD and sleep insufficiency, as well as their negative interaction on increasing fall risk in a Chinese elderly population.
Effects of half-dose and full-dose GnRH antagonists on IVF-ET outcomes: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Yingge , Lian Fang , Xiang Shan , Yu Yi , Pang Conghui , Qiu Yue
Published: October 2021

Background

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist(GnRH-ant) has been shown to have a negative effect on endometrial receptivity. Therefore, the use of lower doses of GnRH-ant during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) may improve endometrial receptivity and clinical pregnancy rate. However, the GnRH-ant dose is relatively flexible and there is no fixed requirement for guidance. In this retrospective study, we determined the effects of half-dose and full-dose GnRH-ant on IVF-ET outcomes.

Methods

Of the 316 cycles in the 314 patients analyzed in this study, 149 received GnRH-ant half-dose (Group1), while 167 received GnRH-ant full-dose (Group2). The groups were further classified based on age and BMI. Age subgroups, were divided as age ≤ 35(subgroup A) and age > 35(subgroup B): 180 cycles in subgroup A (107 cycles in subgroup A1,73 cycles in subgroup A2), 136 cycles in subgroup B (42 cycles in subgroup B1,94 cycles in subgroupB2). The subgroups based on BMI were divided as BMI < 25 (subgroup C)and BMI ≥ 25 (subgroup D):208 cycles in subgroup C (94 cycles in subgroup C1,114 cycles in subgroup C2), 108 cycles in subgroup D (55 cycles in subgroup D1,53 cycles in subgroup D2).

Results

The number of fertilized oocytes, superior-quality embryos, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate differed significantly between the two groups. However, the number of retrieved oocytes and available embryos were significantly higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (8.17 ± 4.10 vs. 7.07 ± 4.05, 2.96 ± 2.03 vs. 2.52 ± 1.62, respectively,p<0.05). Differences between the age subgroups were not statistically significant. However, in the subgroups based on BMI, the fertilized oocytes, available embryos, the number of superior-quality embryos, and the live birth rate differed significantly between the four subgroups. The number of retrieved oocytes was higher in subgroup C1 than in subgroup C2 (8.24 ± 4.04 vs. 6.83 ± 3.92,p < 0.05), In addition, the clinical pregnancy rate was slightly higher in subgroup D1 than in subgroup D2(45.45 vs. 24.53%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results showed that half-dose GnRH-ant was as effective as full-dose GnRH-ant for most patients. Moreover, half-dose GnRH-ant may be more suitable in patients with BMI greater than or equal to 25. The findings of this study need to be validated in a large sample RCT.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered.
Prognostic value of metabolic activity of the psoas muscle evaluated by preoperative 18F-FDG PET-CT in breast cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Keunyoung , Kim In-Joo , Pak Kyoungjune , Kang Taewoo , Seol Young Mi , Choi Young Jin , Kim Hyojeong
Published: October 2021

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of metabolic activity of the psoas muscle measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography to predict treatment outcomes in patients with resectable breast cancer.

Methods

The medical records of 288 patients who had undergone surgical resection for stages I–III invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast between January 2014 and December 2014 in Pusan National University Hospital were reviewed. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the bilateral psoas muscle were normalized using the mean SUV of the liver. SUVRmax was calculated as the ratio of the maximum SUV of the average bilateral psoas muscle to the mean SUV of the liver. SUVRmean was calculated as the ratio of the mean SUV of the bilateral psoas muscle to the mean SUV of the liver.

Results

Univariate analyses identified a higher T stage, higher N stage, estrogen receptor negativity, progesterone receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity, triple-negative breast cancer, mastectomy (rather than breast-conserving surgery), SUVRmean > 0.464, and SUVRmax > 0.565 as significant adverse factors for disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that N3 stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.347, P = 0.031) was an independent factor for recurrence. An SUVRmax > 0.565 (HR = 4.987, P = 0.050) seemed to have a correlation with shorter DFS.

Conclusions

A higher SUVRmax of the psoas muscle, which could be a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, showed strong potential as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence in patients with resectable breast cancer.
Patient characteristics associated with different types of prison TB: an epidemiological analysis of 921 TB cases diagnosed at an Ethiopian prison
Authors: Amirkhani Asmah , Humayun Maheen , Ye Wen , Worku Yoseph , Yang Zhenhua
Published: October 2021

Background

Despite incarcerated population being at an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) and serving as a potential source of TB transmission for the general population, prison TB remains understudied. Given its adverse impact on progress towards TB elimination, World Health Organization (WHO) has identified prison TB research as a top priority to guide TB treatment/control interventions.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 921 notified TB cases that were diagnosed at Kality Federal Prison, Ethiopia during 2009–2017. To assess trends of microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB (PTB), extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), and TB-HIV co-infection, an ecological analysis of aggregated cases was used to report trends over time. Additionally, we used multivariable log binomial regression to identify patient characteristics associated with microbiologically confirmed PTB, EPTB, and TB-HIV co-infection.

Results

Microbiologically confirmed PTB proportion increased over time. Young age was identified as an important risk factor for EPTB (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.74, 95% CI 0.97, 3.13) while HIV coinfection was negatively associated with EPTB (aPR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.55, 0.97). While previous TB history was associated with a lower likelihood of EPTB (aPR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.25, 0.70), it was associated with an increased risk of TB-HIV coinfection (aPR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.10, 1.71). Clinically diagnosed PTB patients were more likely to have TB-HIV coinfection compared to microbiologically confirmed PTB patients (aPR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.02, 1.72).

Conclusions

Increasing proportion of microbiologically confirmed PTB may suggest delayed access to treatment, severe disease and increased risk of intramural transmission. Associations with clinical/demographic factors varied for different types of TB and were not always consistent with what has been previously reported for the general population, necessitating the need to refocus prison TB control/treatment strategies based on context specific epidemiological factors.
Labor Supply Responses to Learning the Tax and Benefit Schedule
Authors: Kostøl Andreas R. , Myhre Andreas S.
Published: October 2021

Despite the implications for policy, empirical evidence on the relative importance of factors that shape labor supply responses is missing. This paper helps fill this gap and quantifies the role of information frictions versus other frictions by combining notches in the Norwegian welfare system and quasi-experimental variation in access to information about the slope and location of kinks. While we estimate a frictionless elasticity of 0.3, overall frictions attenuate this elasticity by about 70 percent. We find the information letter increased the earnings elasticity from 0.06 to 0.15, implying that information frictions account for at least 30 percent of total attenuation. (JEL D83, H24, I38, J22, J28, J31)
СИСТЕМА ГЛУТАТИОНА КАК МЕХАНИЗМ ДЕТОКСИКАЦИИ ГЕРБИЦИДОВ У ВАКУОЛЕЙ И ПЛАСТИД КЛЕТОК КОРНЕПЛОДОВ СТОЛОВОЙ СВЕКЛЫ
Authors: Pradedova Elena V. , Salyaev Rurick K.
Published: October 2021

Синтетические соединения, используемые в растениеводстве, представляют собой ксенобиотики, которые, попадая в растения, могут отрицательно влиять на функционирование клеток. Внутри клеток, они подвергаются (или в случае ослабления защитных механизмов не подвергаются) химической трансформации и транспортируются в вакуоли. Избыточное накопление ксенобиотиков в вакуолях, по всей видимости, является следствием нарушения их химической трансформации и деградации в других субклеточных структурах. В связи с этим системы детоксикации ксенобиотиков в вакуолях и других компартментах растительной клетки заслуживают пристального внимания.

Цель работы. Следовало установить, может ли система глутатиона в таких органеллах, как вакуоли и пластиды, служить одним из механизмов детоксикации гербицидов.

Материалы и методы. Проводили сравнительное исследование системы глутатиона у вакуолей и лейкопластов, изолированных из клеток корнеплодов столовой свеклы (Beta vulgaris L.). Методы спектрофотометрического анализа и гель-электрофореза применяли, чтобы определить содержание глутатиона, активность глутатион-S-трансферазы (GST, КФ 2.5.1.18) и глутатионредуктазы (GR, КФ 1.8.1.7).

Результаты. Количество глутатиона было выше в вакуолях, по сравнению с лейкопластами. Активность GST у вакуолей также была выше. Ферменты из семейства GST, катализирующие реакции конъюгации глутатиона с различными соединениями, имеют непосредственное отношение к детоксикации метаболитов и ксенобиотиков. GSTs вакуолей и пластид взаимодействовали с гербицидами (глифосатом, фтородифеном и клопиралидом), что свидетельствовало об участии этих ферментов в детоксикации экзогенных токсичных соединений. Поддерживает пул глутатиона в восстановленном состоянии GR. Активность этого фермента в лейкопластах оказалась намного выше, по сравнению с вакуолями. GRs вакуолей и пластид отличались стабильностью, в условиях in vitro их активность не подавляли используемые в работе гербициды.

Заключение. На основании полученных данных можно предположить, что глутатион, аккумулируемый вакуолями, так же как глутатион пластид, вовлечен в процессы детоксикации, которые протекают в этих субклеточных компартментах. Дальнейшее всестороннее изучение субклеточных механизмов обезвреживания цитотоксичных соединений расширит представление о детоксикационных процессах у растительного организма.
IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATION QUALITY ON STATE ASSISTANCE IN ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES
Authors: Malitskaya Victoria B. , Volkova Natalia N. , Aksenova Anastasia A. , Konovalenko Irina E. , Osyanin Dmitry N.
Published: October 2021

Agriculture is of great importance for the Russian economy and is one of its most stable and fast growing sectors. The farming experience in the European agro developed countries confirms the need for active state intervention explained by the special features of the sector. Our country allocates huge resources to support of agriculture. Russia’s mechanisms of agricultural subsidies are improved on a constant basis meaning that the accounting and financial reporting systems as information tools of management should be adapted to the functional changes in modern agricultural companies, including improvement of subsidy mechanisms. Our research assesses accounting for state aid and formation of accounting reporting indicators taking agricultural firms of the Voronezh region as an example. It also develops the directions of further activities. The results will help improve the information basis for managerial decisions when distributing and analyzing effectiveness of state aid in the agrarian firms.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КАЧЕСТВА ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОЙ ДИСПАНСЕРИЗАЦИИ ДЕТЕЙ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ ЗА 2014–2019 ГОДЫ
Authors: Mustafayeva Zakiyya M.
Published: October 2021

Цель. Изучение качества и эффективности организации обязательной диспансеризации в детских амбулаторно-поликлинических учреждениях страны за 2014-2019 гг. на основании утвержденных показателей стандартов качества.

Материалы и методы. Ретроспективный анализ динамики показателей диспансеризации (охват профилактическими медицинскими осмотрами; структура больных, состоящих под диспансерным наблюдением, по нозологическим формам; своевременность взятия больных на диспансерный учет; полнота проведения лечебно-оздоровительных мероприятий; удельный вес больных, снятых с диспансерного учета в связи с выздоровлением и т.д.). Использованы данные о деятельности детских амбулаторно-поликлинических учреждений (по стране за период 2014-2019 гг. по формам статистической отчетности №12, 30).

Результаты. Тенденции уменьшения охвата профилактическими прививками и снижения показателей выявляемости заболеваний, неравномерное распределение детей по группам здоровья и показателей первичной инвалидности детей могут быть скрытым результатом ослабления внимания службы здравоохранения на вопросы обязательной диспансеризации детей, которые влияют в свою очередь на показатели состояния здоровья детей в будущем.

Заключение. Изучение динамики показателей качества обязательной диспансеризации позволяет сделать вывод о том, что несмотря на улучшение работы по организации профилактических и лечебно-оздоровительных мероприятий в детских амбулаторно-поликлинических учреждениях в связи с принятием в 2014 г. “Закона об обязательной диспансеризации детей” в стране, качество и эффективность проведения диспансеризации требует дальнейшего усовершенствования.
New estimations of child marriage: Evidence from 98 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Liang Mengjia , Simelane Sandile , Chalasani Satvika , Snow Rachel
Published: October 2021

The Sustainable Development Goals include a target on eliminating child marriage, a human rights abuse. Yet, the indicator used in the SDG framework is a summary statistic and does not provide a full picture of the incidence of marriage at different ages. This paper aims to address this limitation by providing an alternative method of measuring child marriage. The paper reviews recent data on nuptiality and captures evidence of changes in the proportion married and in the age at marriage, in 98 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using data collected from nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, survival analysis is applied to estimate (a) age-specific marriage hazard rates among girls before age 18; and (b) the number of girls that were married before age 18 in 2020. Results show that the vast majority of girls remain unmarried until age 10. Child marriage rates increase gradually until age 14 and accelerate significantly thereafter at ages 15–17. By accounting for both single-year-age-specific child marriage hazard rates and the age structure of the population with a survival analysis approach, lower estimates in countries with a rapid decrease in child marriage and higher estimates in countries with constant or slightly rising child marriage rates relative to the direct approach are obtained.
Héroes sobre ruedas. El Tour de Francia visto desde España durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930: fatalismo, nación y masculinidad
Authors: Camino Rodríguez Alejandro
Published: October 2021

El Tour de Francia tenía en las décadas de 1920 y 1930 el prestigio de ser la prueba ciclista más dura e importante del mundo. En este periodo, para la prensa española los ciclistas que disputaban la carrera luchaban no solo por ganar la competición, sino por el honor de la nación y por demostrar la valía de la masculinidad patria ante el resto del mundo. Sin embargo, como los éxitos de los ciclistas españoles fueron escasos, la prensa tuvo que esforzarse por justificar esta situación recurriendo a la mala suerte persistente y a la oposición de la organización. A través de las fuentes hemerográficas, en el presente artículo se analiza la forma en la que los periódicos, movilizando recursos similares a los que utilizaban para justificar las derrotas de la selección masculina de fútbol, explicaban la falta de victorias de los representantes españoles en la carrera francesa. Como los medios entendían que estaba en juego la dignidad nacional y la virilidad de los hombres españoles, se esforzaron en maquillar la ausencia de triunfos. Para ello, presentaron justificaciones que buscaban ser creíbles, plausibles y que, a su vez, favoreciesen que las derrotas estimulasen el sentimiento patriótico y el orgullo nacional.
Prognostic Accuracy of QSOFA Score Compared to SOFA Score among Patients with Sepsis
Authors: B.T. Hamsa , S.V. Srinivas , K. Prabhakar , L.S.Y.M. J Maharaj , A. Raveesha
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. According to sepsis - 3 criteria, sepsis is diagnosed by Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of more than two. Surviving sepsis campaign introduced a newer scoring system, quick SOFA (QSOFA) score which uses only clinical parameters to prognosticate sepsis bed side and at the earliest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the QSOFA score and then compare it to SOFA score in prognostication of sepsis. METHODS This study was a prospective observational study conducted in R. L. Jalappa Hospital among 150 individuals. Assessment of SOFA and QSOFA score was done and its significance in predicting mortality and morbidity was compared. RESULTS There were 87 males and 63 females. Mortality rate was 38.7 %. The initial QSOFA score of 1, 2 and 3 had mortality rate of 5.2 %, 24.1 % and 70.7 % respectively. Initial SOFA score of < 4, 4 - 8 and > 8 had mortality rate of 5.2 %, 37.9 % and 56.9 % respectively. Interpretation - The SOFA score had statistically significant correlation in assessing need for ventilator support, QSOFA score had a significant relation assessing need for ventilator support, vasopressor support. CONCLUSIONS Both scores demonstrated good accuracy for predicting in-hospital mortality. The QSOFA scoring system can aid where the resources are limited. KEY WORDS Sepsis, SOFA Score, QSOFA Score, Septic Shock
Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Radiographic Abnormalities of Feet in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jayachandra Jayachandra , Patel Harsha Vishwanath , Honnaiah Rajendra Prasad
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND Foot problems are a leading cause of hospitalization for patients having diabetes mellitus all over the world. Foot ulcers in diabetes precede 85 % of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations. Fifteen percent develop foot ulcers during their lifetime. Individuals who develop foot ulcers have a decreased health-related quality of life and consume a lot of healthcare resources. Foot abnormalities is a frequently missed diagnosis and a focus in this area of medical education has never been optimal despite its frequency of presentation. In this study, we wanted to determine clinical and radiographic foot abnormalities in diabetic patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 180 type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed as per ADA definition of diabetes, they were categorized into three groups, the first consisted of 60 diabetic patients without neuropathy or foot ulcers, the second had 60 diabetic patients with neuropathy and the third had 60 diabetic patients with both neuropathy and foot ulcer. Based on the clinical examination of the foot and foot X-ray oblique and lateral view of the affected feet along with other relevant investigations were obtained and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. RESULTS We observed that poor glycaemic control and duration of diabetes were important risk factors for foot complications in diabetic patients which were statistically significant. Among patients with only diabetes, 3.3 % had HbA1c less than 6, 35 % had HbA1c between 6 - 9 and 61.7 % with HbA1c of more than 9. Among the patients with diabetes and neuropathy, 1.7 % of people had Hba1c of less than 6, 20 % with Hba1c between 6 - 9 and 78.3 % with Hba1c of more than 9. In patients who had diabetes and neuropathy with foot ulcers, 6.7 % had HbA1c of less than 6, among the same cohort 8.3 % had HbA1c between 6 - 9 and 85 % had HbA1c above 9. The prevalence of various radiological abnormalities of the foot was more common in diabetic patients with both neuropathy and foot ulceration (group lll) (83.3 %). The most common abnormality as observed from our study was Osteopenia with osteoporotic changes seen in 36.7 % of Group III patients VS 16.7 % of Group II (patients with diabetes and neuropathy ) and only in 10 % of Group I patients (patients with diabetes without any complications). Vascular calcifications were observed in 26.7 % VS 16.7 % VS 6.7 % in Group III, Group II, Group I respectively. Periosteal reactions were also more common in Group III patients (6.7 %). Subluxation of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsals was observed only in 3.3 % of Group III patients. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic foot is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes. Preventing the diabetic foot should be the first priority. This can be achieved by identifying the high-risk individuals with the above said risk factors by proper clinical examination and use of foot X-ray. KEY WORDS Diabetic Foot, Foot Problems, Foot Infections.
Peri Implant Aesthetics - An Integrated Review
Authors: Sonavane Priyanka Anil , Rai Jasuma , Andharia Mudra Sanjay
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND Aesthetic dentistry is making its own new position in current scenario. The aesthetic desire of patient has become need of an hour and it is essential for dental practitioner to understand the aesthetics of implants. For planning of implants in anterior region, overall general health of patient should be considered including systemic health, good oral hygiene practice and good compliance of patients. The peri-implant aesthetics is determined by two components - soft tissue and hard tissue, which includes bone and gingiva. Modifications refining the tissues around implant can enhance the aesthetics. Treatment protocol should include pre-planning of all functional and aesthetic considerations which should be discussed to patients as well prior to preceding treatment of implant. Judicious understanding of these factors can not only provide physical integrity of tissue but also prevent future aesthetics and implant failure. Implants in anterior region become challenging for clinicians to emulate what nature has provided. The harmonious relationship between functional stability and peri-implant soft tissue becomes an essential requisite for successful endosseous implant so as to attain proper facial aesthetics. Visualization of aesthetics related to implants is a complex phenomenon which requires utilization of multidisciplinary approach including prosthetic and periodontal consideration as the implant position as well implant abutment junction if placed at improper position can cause bone resorption. Compiling this, comprehensive knowledge regarding soft and hard tissue can help dentists to integrate a balance between the smile and face of an individual. This review article is a detailed endeavour to explore peri-implant aesthetics. KEY WORDS Crestal Bone, Dental Aesthetics, Gingiva, Peri-Implant Aesthetics
ESPACIALIDADE DO HIV E DA AIDS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL - PERÍODO DE 2012 A 2017, BRASIL
Authors: De Araujo Ruan Italo , Da Franca Rafael Rodrigues
Published: October 2021

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender a espacialidade da infecção por HIV e do adoecimento por AIDS no Distrito Federal, através do georreferenciamento dos dados do Boletim Epidemiológico da Secretaria de Saúde do DF sob recorte do período 2012-2017, utilizando softwares que possibilitem essa análise geográfica. Como metodologia, optou-se pela pesquisa documental e descritiva do boletim, aplicando uma abordagem oriunda da geografia da saúde, compreendendo que diferentes contextos socioespaciais desenvolvem diferentes processos de saúde-doença, emoldurando os elementos que produzem e acentuam as vulnerabilidades dos grupos sociais frente à pandemia. Assim, torna-se possível compreender o fenômeno espacial além de sua organização e estrutura, interpretando-o de forma integrada para o desenvolvimento de um raciocínio em saúde assertivo. Os resultados deste estudo apontam uma possibilidade do aumento da infecção por HIV estar associado a regiões administrativas de classe média e média baixa, com alto potencial de interação urbana. Já em relação à AIDS, as regiões administrativas que apresentaram maior redução se configuram como de classe média alta ou alta, indicando que o processo de adoecimento não tem acontecido com a mesma intensidade nas regiões com alto índice de desenvolvimento humano.
Facile Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Rubus rosifolius Linn Aqueous Fruit Extracts and its Characterization
Authors: Martin Marilen M. , Sumayao Jr. Rodolfo E.
Published: October 2021

Rubus rosifolius Linn is a wild raspberry found in the Philippines. The fruit extract is found to be rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and polyphenols. It has been shown to contain interesting profiles of antioxidants and it is not previously explored as a reducing agent, specifically in the field of bio-nano research. Some of these antioxidants have been documented to have anti-cancer potential. In this study, the fruit extracts of sampinit were used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via a ‘one-pot’ facile approach. Sampinit aqueous fruit extract-AgNPs (SAFE-AgNPs) were synthesized by reducing silver ions using sampinit extract. Optical, chemical, and morphological properties of the synthesized SAFE-AgNPs were characterized. Maximal absorption of SAFE-AgNPs was observed at 415 nm which is associated with the characteristic surface plasmon resonance profile of AgNPs. SAFE-AgNPs displayed highly stable and homogeneous nanoparticles with hydrodynamic size of 85.6 ± 0.98 nm and a zeta potential of –29.5 ± 0.96 mV. HR-TEM analysis of a single crystalline image of SAFE-AgNPs corresponds to hexagonal diffraction pattern and the AgNPs were coated with soft carbon-rich materials. EDX and XRF analysis showed that SAFE-AgNPs are chiefly composed of silver (Ag) and carbon (C), where C was largely localized on the surface of AgNPs. FTIR analysis showed that SAFE-AgNPs contains key chemical functional groups associated with sampinit-derived phytoconstituents. Overall, the biosynthesized SAFE-AgNPs produced small size, spherical shape, and monodisperse population which can be a candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CLINICAL SUPERVISION IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LEARNING AT AL-BAHJAH
Authors: Gozali Lili , Munawaroh Mumun
Published: October 2021

During the pandemic covid-19 era, teachers felt difficulties in adjusting their learning activities. This study aims to determine the implementation of clinical supervision in improving the quality of learning at SDIQu Al-Bahjah during the pandemic. Through a descriptive qualitative research approach, it was found that implementing clinical management at SDIQu Al-Bahjah during the pandemic was almost the same as implementing it in standard times. What distinguishes it is the findings. In the observation process, it was found that there was a mismatch between the agreed criteria and the learning actions carried out by the teacher. In the first cycle, the majority of teachers felt less prepared in terms of facilities in teaching. Of the 20 teachers, 18 people have not mastered online learning techniques, 12 people have not compiled the learning media needed during the pandemic. In the next cycle, there was significant progress. Almost all teachers had facilitated their learning needs. They can apply online learning with the media used. In the following process, observation is focused on maximizing the learning media on the learning functions that can be achieved. After several clinical supervision cycles, teachers successfully solved their learning problems and were more motivated to improve their professional competence continuously.