bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who is responsible for metabolic screening for mental health clients taking antipsychotic medications?
Authors: Ward Tamara , Wynaden Dianne , Heslop Karen
Published: January 2017

Metabolic syndrome is common in mental health consumer populations, and is linked to cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes. Metabolic screening is a way of recognising consumers who are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome but internationally screening rates remain low. A retrospective audit was completed at one Australian public mental health service on the case files of 100 randomly selected consumers to determine nurses level of compliance with metabolic screening policies over a 12 month period. Consumers included in the review were prescribed antipsychotic medications for at least 12 months and had their care in the community coordinated by mental health nurses. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Low levels of metabolic screening were identified and these levels decreased over the 12 months under review. No consumers had metabolic screening that recorded all parameters at three monthly intervals over the 12 month period. Only one consumer had every metabolic parameter recorded on the physical health screen tool at baseline assessment. The findings demonstrated that while there is increased awareness of co‐morbid physical health issues in this consumer population, the translation of guidelines and policy directives to clinical practice to address this disparity remains low. Improving physical health outcomes is the responsibility of all health professionals, particularly doctors who prescribe and nurses who administer antipsychotic medications regularly to mental health consumers. Moreover, nurses are well placed to demonstrate leadership in reducing the rate of metabolic syndrome through the delivery of holistic care that includes effective screening programs.
National Culture and the Valuation of Cash Holdings
Authors: Orlova Svetlana , Rao Ramesh , Kang Tony
Published: January 2017

Prior studies document that national culture traits are systematically related to cash holdings and attribute this to managerial cultural predispositions. However, it is possible that these preferences reflect investors’ cultural preferences and that managers are simply catering to investors’ preferences. It is also not clear whether the cash holding effects previously documented are value maximizing. By examining the impact of national culture traits on cash valuation, we are able to provide insight into these questions. Specifically, we examine the effect of three national culture traits – individualism, uncertainty avoidance and long‐term orientation – on firm cash valuation. Our results suggest that the previously observed effects of cultural traits on cash holdings and attributed to managerial cultural biases do not reflect investors’ preferences and are not value maximizing.
The Impact of Organizational Innovations in Nursing Homes on Staff Perceptions: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Adams Joost , Verbeek Hilde , Zwakhalen Sandra M. G.
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The shift in nursing home care for patients with dementia from traditional task‐driven environments towards patient‐centered small‐scale environments has implications for nursing practice. Information about its implications for nursing staff is lacking, and only a few studies have addressed staff perceptions. We sought to explore staff perceptions of required skills and to determine differences in job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics of staff working in both care settings.

Design

A secondary data analysis was conducted. The data source used was drawn from a larger study testing the effects of small‐scale living (Verbeek et al., 2009).

Methods

Nursing staff working on a permanent basis and who were directly involved in care were eligible to participate in the study. Data on job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics of nursing staff working in typical small‐scale and traditional care environments were derived using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences between nursing staff job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics were tested using multilinear regression analysis.

Findings

In total, 138 staff members were included (81 staff members working in traditional nursing home wards and 57 staff members working in small‐scale nursing home wards). The findings showed that in typical small‐scale nursing homes, job satisfaction and job motivation were significantly higher compared to those in typical traditional nursing homes. Job autonomy and social support were also significantly higher, while job demands were significantly lower in these small‐scale nursing homes. Social support was found to be the most significant predictor of job motivation and job satisfaction in both types of typical nursing homes. Nursing staff working in traditional care environments more often expressed the intention to switch to small‐scale environments.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that nursing homes environments differ substantially in experienced job satisfaction and job motivation.

Clinical Relevance

To enable a balanced work environment for nursing staff, a clear understanding of the relation between living environments and experienced job satisfaction among nursing staff is required. Since social support seems to be one of the key contributors to a supportive beneficial work climate, managers should focus on enabling this in daily nursing home care.
Incentives for Loan Repayments: Evidence from a Randomized Field Study
Authors: Collins J. Michael , Gjertson Leah , Sydnor Justin
Published: January 2017

This field experiment tests an innovative approach for helping automobile loan borrowers make their loan payments on time. Borrowers were randomly assigned to a loan with an interest rate reduction after three on‐time payments; borrowers assigned to this loan show fewer late payments compared to a control group. While the financial incentive of the interest rate reduction was small, the offer of a rate reduction appears to result in borrowers attending to due dates. This result illustrates that lenders can use simple mechanisms to encourage more positive repayment patterns among borrowers with a history of late payments.
Excess mortality after hip fracture in elderly persons from Europe and the USA: the CHANCES project
Authors: Katsoulis M. , Benetou V. , Karapetyan T. , Feskanich D. , Grodstein F. , Pettersson‐Kymmer U. , Eriksson S. , Wilsgaard T. , Jørgensen L. , Ahmed L. A. , Schöttker B. , Brenner H. , Bellavia A. , Wolk A. , Kubinova R. , Stegeman B. , Bobak M. , Boffetta P. , Trichopoulou A.
Published: January 2017

Background

Hip fractures are associated with diminished quality of life and survival especially amongst the elderly.

Objective

All‐cause mortality after hip fracture was investigated to assess its magnitude.

Methods

A total of 122 808 participants from eight cohorts in Europe and the USA were followed up for a mean of 12.6 years, accumulating 4273 incident hip fractures and 27 999 deaths. Incident hip fractures were assessed through telephone interviews/questionnaires or national inpatient/fracture registries, and causes of death were verified with death certificates. Cox proportional hazards models and the time‐dependent variable methodology were used to assess the association between hip fracture and mortality and its magnitude at different time intervals after the injury in each cohort. We obtained the effect estimates through a random‐effects meta‐analysis.

Results

Hip fracture was positively associated with increased all‐cause mortality; the hazard ratio (HR) in the fully adjusted model was 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76–2.57, after adjusting for potential confounders. This association was stronger amongst men [HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.72–3.31] than amongst women [HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.54–2.39], although this difference was not significant. Mortality was higher during the first year after the hip fracture [HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 2.12–3.64], but it remained elevated without major fluctuations after longer time since hip fracture [HR (95% CI): 1.89 (1.50–2.37) after 1–4 years; 2.15 (1.81–2.55) after 4–8 years; 1.79 (1.57–2.05) after 8 or more years].

Conclusion

In this large population‐based sample of older persons across eight cohorts, hip fracture was associated with excess short‐ and long‐term all‐cause mortality in both sexes.
Children with motor impairment related to cerebral palsy: Prevalence, severity and concurrent impairments in China
Authors: He Ping , Chen Gong , Wang Zhenjie , Guo Chao , Zheng Xiaoying
Published: January 2017

Aim

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor impairment in childhood. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, severity and concurrent impairments of CP‐related motor impairment among Chinese children.

Methods

Children with CP‐related motor impairment aged 0–17 years were identified through a national population‐based survey based on World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Logistic regression models allowing for weights were used to examine individual and family factors in relation to CP‐related motor impairment.

Results

The weighted prevalence of CP‐related motor impairment was 1.25 per 1000 children (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.35) in China. Male children, children in multiples and in families where adults suffered from CP, were more likely to be affected by CP‐related motor impairment. For mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe groups of motor impairment, weighted proportions of CP were 14.12% (95%CI: 11.70, 16.95), 20.35% (95%CI: 17.48, 23.56), 27.44% (95%CI: 24.25, 30.87) and 38.09% (95%CI: 34.55, 41.76), respectively; and weighted proportions of concurrent visual, hearing and cognitive impairment were 5.00% (95%CI: 3.59, 6.91), 6.98% (95%CI: 5.34, 9.08) and 71.06% (95%CI: 67.57, 74.31), respectively.

Conclusions

Gender, multiple births and family adults with CP were significantly associated with CP‐related motor impairment in Chinese children. Proportions of CP and concurrent impairments that increased with severity of motor impairment were observed.
Hair nicotine concentration measurement in cats and its relationship to owner‐reported environmental tobacco smoke exposure
Authors: Smith V. A. , McBrearty A. R. , Watson D. G. , Mellor D. J. , Spence S. , Knottenbelt C.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To investigate the association between hair nicotine concentration in cats and owner‐reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

Materials and Methods

Owner questionnaires documented exposure. Nicotine was extracted from hair by sonification in methanol followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography with mass spectrometry. Relationships between hair nicotine concentration and owner‐reported exposure were examined using hypothesis‐testing statistics and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

The hair nicotine concentration of reportedly exposed cats was significantly higher than unexposed cats and groups of cats with different levels of exposure had significantly different median hair nicotine concentrations corresponding to exposure. A hair nicotine concentration of 0·1 ng/mg had a specificity of 98% (95% confidence interval: 83 to 100) and a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval: 54 to 84) for detecting environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Outdoors access, coat colour, urban or rural environment and length of time living with the owner were not obviously associated with hair nicotine concentration.

Clinical Significance

Feline hair nicotine concentration appears strongly associated with owner‐reported environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Feline hair nicotine concentration could therefore be used as a biomarker for tobacco smoke exposure, allowing future studies to assess whether exposed cats have an increased risk of specific diseases.
Fungal diversity and specificity in Cephalanthera damasonium and C. longifolia (Orchidaceae) mycorrhizas
Authors: Pecoraro Lorenzo , Huang Laiqiang , Caruso Tancredi , Perotto Silvia , Girlanda Mariangela , Cai Lei , Liu Zhong‐Jian
Published: January 2017

Orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi for their nutrition, at least in the early stages of their growth and development, and in many cases throughout the life. In spite of the increasing number of studies describing fungal diversity in orchids, there is still more to be learnt about the identity of fungal partners and specificity in orchid mycorrhizal associations. We investigated the fungal communities associated with the roots of Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce and C. longifolia (L.) Fritsch adult plants, using morphological methods and fungal internal transcribed spacer‐DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification, cloning, and sequencing. A range of fungi belonging to Basidiomycota and Ascomycota was uncovered in the roots of the two investigated orchid species, showing a low degree of mycorrhizal specificity. At least 11 fungal taxa, including Cenococcum geophilum Fr., Ceratobasidium sp., Exophiala salmonis J. W. Carmich., Hymenogastraceae, and Sebacinaceae colonized C. damasonium roots, while approximately 9 fungal types, such as Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst., Phlebia acerina Peck, Sebacinaceae, Tetracladium sp., and Tomentella sp. associated with C. longifolia. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses indicated significant differences in the fungal communities associated with the two studied Cephalanthera species, as well as distinct mycorrhizal partners associated with each orchid plant. Our results strongly suggest that both C. damasonium and C. longifolia are generalist in their mycorrhizal associations.
Factors influencing fatigue among mothers with hospitalized children: A structural equation model
Authors: Kim Shin Jeong , Kim Hye Young , Park Young Ae , Kim Sung Hee , Yoo So Young , Lee Jung Eun , Moon Sun Young
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify the physiological, psychological, and situational factors affecting fatigue among mothers of hospitalized children.

Design and Methods

This study used a cross‐sectional descriptive design with a self‐report questionnaire. Participants were 211 mothers with children younger than 6 years old who were admitted to general hospitals. Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, the physiological, psychological, and situational factors were tested using structural equation modeling.

Results

Mothers’ fatigue was influenced by physiological (β = .24), situational, and psychological factors (β = .17), and situational (β = .37) factors such as the mother's sleeping hours, the child's adaptation to hospitalization, anxiety and having support with their housework. These three factors explained 31.34% of the variance in fatigue. In particular, it was found that the psychological factors exacerbate the negative influence of the situational factors on fatigue. Moreover, the situational factors were most strongly related to mothers’ fatigue, and they had an indirect effect via the psychological factors as a mediator.

Practice Implications

It is necessary to implement a nursing intervention that targets the controllable factors such as anxiety and children's adaptation to hospitalization that were identified in this study. Pediatric nursing care should not be limited to treating children's illnesses, but should be extended to providing family‐centered care.
Age affects sleep microstructure more than sleep macrostructure
Authors: Schwarz Johanna F. A. , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lindberg Eva , Gruber Georg , Fischer Håkan , Theorell‐Haglöw Jenny
Published: January 2017

It is well known that the quantity and quality of physiological sleep changes across age. However, so far the effect of age on sleep microstructure has been mostly addressed in small samples. The current study examines the effect of age on several measures of sleep macro‐ and microstructure in 211 women (22–71 years old) of the ‘Sleep and Health in Women’ study for whom ambulatory polysomnography was registered. Older age was associated with significantly lower fast spindle (effect size f2 = 0.32) and K‐complex density (f2 = 0.19) during N2 sleep, as well as slow‐wave activity (log) in N3 sleep (f2 = 0.21). Moreover, total sleep time (f2 = 0.10), N3 sleep (min) (f2 = 0.10), rapid eye movement sleep (min) (f2 = 0.11) and sigma (log) (f2 = 0.05) and slow‐wave activity (log) during non‐rapid eye movement sleep (f2 = 0.09) were reduced, and N1 sleep (f2 = 0.03) was increased in older age. No significant effects of age were observed on slow spindle density, rapid eye movement density and beta power (log) during non‐rapid eye movement sleep. In conclusion, effect sizes indicate that traditional sleep stage scoring may underestimate age‐related changes in sleep.
Green sloths and brown cows: the role of dominant mammalian herbivores in carbon emissions for tropical agro‐ecosystems
Authors: Pauli Jonathan N. , Carey Cayelan C. , Peery M. Zachariah
Published: January 2017

When Neotropical forests are cleared, there is a rapid switch in the dominant herbivore from wild sloths (suborder Folivora) to domestic cows Bos taurus. We quantified carbon dynamics for these mammals and the ecosystems they inhabit. Because of their low metabolic rates and photosynthetically‐active algae, sloths emit trivial amounts of carbon (12 g C/sloth*day) compared to cows (2.3 kg C/cow*day). In parallel, forests are carbon sinks (−242 g C/m2*year) and pastures sources (261 g C/m2*year); cows contribute >50% of the net emissions from pastures. For a small farm in Costa Rica, this turnover in herbivores translates into ~166 metric tonnes of additional C emitted annually.
Typical and atypical appearance of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease: A clinical, neuroimaging and neuropathological study
Authors: Kawakatsu Shinobu , Kobayashi Ryota , Hayashi Hiroshi
Published: January 2017

The International Working Group (IWG) has classified Alzheimer's disease (AD) as two different types, the typical form and the atypical form, but clinicopathological studies of atypical AD are limited. Because atypical AD cases usually present with early‐onset dementia, we investigated 12 patients with early‐onset AD, including two patients with typical AD and 10 patients with atypical AD. Of these patients, six had the posterior variant, three had the frontal variant and one had the logopenic variant mixed with semantic dementia. We reported MRI, single‐photon emission CT and neuropathological findings in six representative cases. We also described a “left temporal variant” of AD presenting with transcortical cortical sensory aphasia, which has not been reported previously and is another subtype of the posterior variant of AD. We found a significant correlation between regional cerebral blood flow and counts of NFTs in the cerebral cortices. An atypical presentation with focal neuropsychological symptoms roughly correlated with the density of NFTs in the cerebral cortex and more directly related to spongiform changes in the superficial layers of these areas. In contrast, the distribution of amyloid depositions was diffuse and did not necessarily correlate with focal neuropsychological symptoms. Braak staging or ABC score is not necessarily appropriate to evaluate atypical AD, and instead, spongiform changes in addition to tau pathology in the association cortices better explain the diversity of atypical AD. Interestingly, another patient with a posterior variant of AD had a novel type of atypical plaque, which we referred to as “lucent plaque”. They were recognizable with HE staining in the circumference and dystrophic neurites were abundant with Gallyas‐Braak staining. These plaques demonstrated intense immunoreactivity to both tau AT‐8 and amyloid β (Aβ), suggesting a peculiar coexistence pattern of amyloid and tau in these plaques. Clinicopathological studies of atypical AD will provide a new understanding of the pathophysiology of AD.
Comparison of the 32‐item Hypomania Checklist, the 33‐item Hypomania Checklist, and the Mood Disorders Questionnaire for bipolar disorder
Authors: Feng Yuan , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Huang Wei , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Wang Gang , Yuan Zhen , Xiang Yu‐Tao
Published: January 2017

Aim

Bipolar disorder (BD) is frequently misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD) and hence reliable and culturally appropriate screening tools are needed. This study compared the 32‐item Hypomania Checklist (HCL‐32), the 33‐item Hypomania Checklist (HCL‐33), and the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) for BD.

Methods

Altogether, 350 depressed patients were included. The HCL‐32, HCL‐33, and MDQ were completed by patients to identify manic and/or hypomanic symptoms. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve among the HCL‐32, HCL‐33, and MDQ for BD and MDD were calculated and compared, using cut‐offs suggested by respective validation studies.

Results

Of the three scales, the MDQ had the highest sensitivity and NPV (sensitivity = 0.90, 0.81, and 0.90 for BD vs MDD, BD‐I vs MDD, and BD‐II vs MDD, respectively; NPV = 0.78, 0.86, and 0.86 for BD vs MDD, BD‐I vs MDD, and BD‐II vs MDD, respectively), while the HCL‐33 had the highest specificity and PPV (specificity = 0.74, 0.69, and 0.66 for BD vs MDD, BD‐I vs MDD, and BD‐II vs MDD, respectively; PPV = 0.74, 0.55, and 0.56 for BD vs MDD, BD‐I vs MDD, and BD‐II vs MDD, respectively).

Conclusion

Compared to both HCL scales, the MDQ had higher sensitivity and lower specificity in screening for BD. These results contradict previous findings in Western populations. As a screening instrument for BD in Chinese clinical settings, the MDQ appears to be appropriate.
A Will to Peace: Jane Addams, World War I, and “Pacifism in Practice”
Authors: Agnew Elizabeth N.
Published: January 2017

In the early 20th century, Jane Addams (1860‐1935) was among Progressive activists and intellectuals in America who envisioned human evolution toward a world without war. World War I and its aftermath required critical reassessment of this view, as Addams sought to defend pacifism against its critics, while deliberating about its methods with members of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), of which she was a co‐founder and the first president. This essay argues that engagement with the “peace biology” tradition of social evolutionary theory was crucial to Addams's refutation of war as “natural” and her sustained faith in human cooperation. Indebted in particular to Peter Kropotkin and Georg Friederike Nicolai, Addams articulated a postwar understanding of “pacifism in practice” that resisted both concessions to violence and pledges to absolute nonviolence, as WILPF responded to international conflicts and movements for national self‐determination. Her critics notwithstanding, a century later evolutionary science lends nuanced support to her views on cooperation and women's particular potential for sustaining peace.
The Great Fight for Democracy, Religion, and the Home: The Committee to Oppose the Conscription of Women and the Secularization Process, 1942–1944
Authors: May Isaac Barnes
Published: January 2017

This study examines a peace group created during the Second World War, the Committee Opposed to the Conscription of Women (COCW), in order to reframe the apparent secularization of activism in the postwar period. Despite the fact that the COCW did not openly use religious rhetoric, it was a liberal religious project and part of what Patricia Appelbaum describes as “Protestant Pacifist culture.” Its members professed religious commitments, and the organization spread its message through religious channels, yet these arguments were stripped of religious language. The complex character of the COCW suggests a need to reconsider scholars' current periodization of the secularization of liberal religious denominations and organizations. The brief history of the COCW indicates that this process had earlier roots than scholars have identified.
The Christian Century: Protestants Protesting Harry Truman's Cold War
Authors: Shaffer Robert
Published: January 2017

This essay argues that the editors of The Christian Century, the most influential nondenominational liberal Protestant magazine in the mid‐twentieth century, spoke up forthrightly against almost all of President Harry Truman's Cold War policies. This opposition demonstrates that such views extended in these years beyond secular left and pacifist organizations, and therefore that the “Cold War consensus” was not as widespread as historians have suggested. While opposed to Communism, the magazine blamed increased global tensions after World War II on U.S. military policy and on U.S. complicity with European colonialism as much as on Soviet policy. Even when the Century did support U.S. policy, as during the Korean War, it continued to oppose other aspects of Cold War policy and it constituted a site of dialogue between mainline Protestantism and religious pacifists.
Recollection Bias and Its Underpinnings: Lessons from Terrorism Risk Assessments
Authors: Viscusi W. Kip , Zeckhauser Richard J.
Published: January 2017

Recollection bias is the phenomenon whereby people who observe a highly unexpected event hold current risk beliefs about a similar event that are no higher than their recollection of their prior beliefs. This article replicates and extends the authors’ previous study of recollection bias in relation to individuals’ perceptions of the risks of terrorism attacks. Over 60% of respondents in a national U.S. sample of over 900 adults believe that the current risk of a future terrorist attack by either an airplane or in a public setting is no higher than they recall having believed, respectively, before the 9/11 attack and before the Boston Marathon bombing. By contrast, a rational Bayesian model would update to a higher currently assessed risk of these previously uncontemplated events. Recollection bias is a persistent trait: individuals who exhibited this bias for the 9/11 attack exhibited it for the Boston Marathon bombing. Only one‐fifth of respondents are free of any type of recollection bias. Recollection bias is negatively correlated with absolute levels of risk belief. Recollection bias in relation to highly unexpected terrorist events—the belief that perceived risks did not increase after the surprise occurrence—dampens support for a variety of anti‐terrorism measures, controlling for the level of risk beliefs and demographic factors. Persistent recollection bias for both 9/11 and the Boston Marathon bombing is especially influential in diminishing support for protective policy measures, such as surveillance cameras in public places. Given that public attitudes influence policy, educating the public about risk is critical.
Learning How To Export
Authors: Segerstrom Paul S. , Stepanok Ignat
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we present a standard quality ladders endogenous growth model with one significant new assumption: it takes time for firms to learn how to export. It is known that the welfare gains from trade liberalization implied by a large class of models like the Armington gravity model, the Krugman model, and the Melitz model are small. Our quality ladders model is consistent with a number of firm‐level stylized facts from the heterogeneous firms trade literature and is, in addition, capable of generating very large welfare gains from trade liberalization.
Do Parental Networks Pay Off? Linking Children's Labor‐Market Outcomes to Their Parents' Friends
Authors: Plug Erik , van der Klaauw Bas , Ziegler Lennart
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we examine whether children are better off if their parents have more elaborate social networks. Using data on high‐school friendships of parents, we analyze whether the number and characteristics of friends affect the labor‐market outcomes of children. While parental friendships formed in high school appear long lasting, we find no significant impact on their children's occupational choices and earnings prospects. These results do not change when we account for network endogeneity, network persistency, and network measurement error. Only when children enter the labor market do friends of parents have a marginally significant but small influence on their occupational choice.
The Power of Parties: Evidence from Close Municipal Elections in Norway
Authors: Fiva Jon H. , Folke Olle , Sørensen Rune J.
Published: January 2017

We show that small shifts in representation can affect policy in proportional election systems. Using data from Norway, we find that a larger left‐wing party leads to more property taxation, higher childcare spending, and lower elderly care spending, while local public goods appear to be a non‐partisan issue. These effects are partly due to shifts in bloc majorities, and partly due to changes in the left–right position of the council, keeping the majority constant. The estimates on spending allocations are rather imprecise, but they are consistent with evidence on politicians' fiscal preferences and patterns in media attention.
Trading Goods or Human Capital: The Gains and Losses from Economic Integration
Authors: Burzyński Michał
Published: January 2017

In this paper, I quantify the economic consequences of liberalizing migration in the OECD and compare them with those of a hypothetical liberalization of trade across the OECD. First, I investigate the bilateral migration and trade agreements between the EU and Australia, Canada, Japan, Turkey, and the US. Second, I show that the overall impact of reducing all legal restrictions on migration in the OECD is moderate (1.6 percent in real GDP), while the gains from removing tariff and non‐tariff barriers to trade among all of the OECD economies are slightly lower (1.1 percent in real GDP). Finally, both the theoretical and numerical findings suggest that the direction of relationships between trade and migration (either substitutability or complementarity) depends on the type of shock imposed in the system.
Assessment of annoyance due to urban road traffic noise combined with tramway noise
Authors: Klein A. , Marquis-Favre C. , Champelovier P.
Published: January 2017

Due to the expansion of urban areas, an increasing number of residents are exposed to combined community noise sources. Studies show that the exposure to transportation noise significantly affects health and well-being. Noise annoyance is one of these adverse health effects. Up to now, annoyance due to transportation noise is mostly assessed considering single noise exposure situations neglecting the effects of potential interactions between noise sources. In this study, perceptual phenomena involved in noise annoyance due to combined urban road traffic and tramway noises are assessed in laboratory conditions with imaginary and simulated contexts. The urban road traffic was composed of light vehicles, heavy vehicles, buses, and powered-two-wheelers in different driving conditions. The tramway traffic corresponded to tramways in in-curve operating configurations. It could be shown that the road traffic and tramway traffic partial annoyance responses were influenced by each other. Throughout the experiments the strongest component effect prevailed but secondary phenomena could also be observed. Considering the perceptual phenomena highlighted in the analysis, it is shown that total noise annoyance due to the combined noises can be most adequately predicted by the strongest component model. This result was obtained by calculating partial annoyance responses due to urban road and tramway traffic.
Motivations and Mediated Consumption Habits of Users of Mixed-Martial-Arts Online Message Boards
Authors: Eddy Terry , Reams Lamar , Dittmore Stephen
Published: January 2017

As online business models have evolved, learning what drives users’ consumptive behaviors has gained increasing interest to sport researchers and sport properties. An increasing number of sport properties are expanding, and deriving revenues from, their presence on digital-media platforms (e.g., MLB, NBA, NFL, UFC, WWE, etc.). Of the sport properties mentioned, none are more reliant on digital-media activity than the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine the motivations and related consumption habits of users of non-subscription-based (i.e., free-to-use) online message boards. Findings suggest that message-board users find value in the opportunities for interactivity and that heavy online mixed-martial-arts users watch more events and purchase more merchandise than those who spend less time online.
The Sweet Spot: An Examination of Second-Screen Sports Viewing
Authors: Rubenking Bridget , Lewis Nicky
Published: January 2017

Sports viewers use online platforms to engage with sports content and other fans, and some of this engagement occurs as a secondary task while viewing sporting events in real time. Multitasking while viewing can both help and hinder enjoyment, depending on the context and time devoted to secondary tasks. A field experiment (N = 215) explored how socializing with others (physically and virtually) and how time spent with social, event-related, and non-event-related secondary activities were related to enjoyment of a university football game and fan identification. Results demonstrate that both posting to Facebook and viewing in more social settings are related to greater enjoyment. However, more time spent on social media and looking up non-event-related content were negatively related to enjoyment and fan identification. This suggests that a short window of time spent on secondary tasks while viewing a sports event may be the sweet spot for maximizing enjoyment.
The Relative Efficacy of Land-Based and Water-Based Exercise Training on Macro- and Microvascular Functions in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Suntraluck Saowaluck , Tanaka Hirofumi , Suksom Daroonwan
Published: January 2017

Microvascular and macrovascular dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease. Twenty-nine older patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned into the land-based (LB; n = 14) or water-based (WB; n = 15) groups. Both groups completed supervised aerobic cycling exercises three times per week for 12 weeks. The WB group performed cycling exercise training in warm water (36 °C) immersed to the hip level. After 12 weeks, blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance did not change but hemoglobin A1c levels decreased (P < .05) in both groups. Plasma nitric oxide concentrations increased (P < .05) in both groups. Flow-mediated dilation in the popliteal artery increased and arterial stiffness decreased (P < .05) in both exercise groups. Indices of microvascular reactivity improved (P < .05) only in the WB group. The benefits of warm water-based training were similar in general, and superior in some measures, to the more established land-based cycling exercise.
Modeling Longitudinal Relationships Between Habit and Physical Activity: Two Cross-Lagged Panel Design Studies in Older Adults
Authors: van Bree Rob J.H. , Bolman Catherine , Mudde Aart N. , van Stralen Maartje M. , Peels Denise A. , de Vries Hein , Lechner Lilian
Published: January 2017

These longitudinal studies in older adults targeted mediated relationships between habit and physical activity (PA). In The Netherlands two independent studies were conducted among 1976 (Study 1: Mage = 63.63, SD = 8.66, 30% functional limitations) and 2140 (Study 2: Mage = 62.75, SD = 8.57, 45% functional limitations) adults aged 50 years or older. Cross-lagged panel designs were applied to examine whether habit mediates the relationship between prior and later PA and whether PA simultaneously mediates the relationship between prior and later habit. Data on habit and PA were collected by means of questionnaires at baseline (t0) and at 6 (t1) and 12 (t2) months after baseline measurement. Results of structural equation modeling analyses were not unambiguous. Indications for the existence of both hypothesized mediation effects were found, but no clear, unequivocal pattern appeared. Somewhat more support was found for the PA-habit-PA path than for the habit-PA-habit path. More research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
Examination of Knee Morphology After Secondary Ipsilateral ACL Injury Compared With Those That Have Not Been Reinjured: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Digiacomo Jessica E. , Palmieri-Smith Riann M. , Redman III John A. , Lepley Lindsey K.
Published: January 2017

Context: Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors have been identified for sustaining a primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, less research is available examining risk factors for a second injury. Identifying whether bony morphological factors are different (or more exaggerated) among those that experience a secondary ACL injury is critical to understanding if nonmodifiable risk factors are associated with a second injury. Objective: To determine if bony morphology is different among those that experience a secondary ACL reinjury as compared with those that do not. Design: Case-control. Setting: University laboratory. Participants and Interventions: ACL participants were tracked after return to play following primary reconstruction, and if individuals experienced a second ipsilateral injury (ACLx2; n = 14, 8f/6m, 17.9 ± 4.0 y), the primary clinical MRI was analyzed for bony morphological risk factors. ACLx2 participants were matched to individuals (sex, age, height, graft, gender, and activity level) that had undergone reconstruction but did not experience reinjury (ACLx1, n = 14, 8f/6m, 18.7 ± 4.0 y). Ten controls were also enrolled (5m/5f, 20.8 ± 3.9 y) for the purposes of comparing the authors’ ACL data against healthy knees. Main Outcome Measures: Lateral and medial posterior tibial slopes (LPTS, MPTS), notch shape index (NSI), and medial tibial plateau depth of concavity (MDC). Results: All ACL-reconstructed patients (combined ACLx1 and ACLx2 group) had a steeper LPTS than controls (d = 0.87, 95% CI 0.11–1.60, P = .023); however, no difference in LPTS was found between ACLx1 and ACLx2 (P > .05). No differences in MPTS, NSI, and MDC were found between all ACL participants (combined ACLx2 and ACLx1) and controls or between ACLx1 and ACLx2 (P > .05). Conclusions: Compared to healthy individuals, a steeper LPTS is a common bony abnormality in all ACL-injured participants. Individuals that go on to experience a second ipsilateral ACL injury do not have more exaggerated bony morphology than those that do not suggesting that differences in modifiable risk factors at return to play may contribute to reinjury.
The neuropilin 2 isoform NRP2b uniquely supports TGFβ-mediated progression in lung cancer
Authors: Gemmill Robert M. , Nasarre Patrick , Nair-Menon Joyce , Cappuzzo Federico , Landi Lorenza , D’Incecco Armida , Uramoto Hidetaka , Yoshida Takeshi , Haura Eric B. , Armeson Kent , Drabkin Harry A.
Published: January 2017

NRP2b connects oncogenic TGFβ to enhanced responsiveness to the promigratory growth factor HGF in non–small cell lung cancer cells.
Papers of note in
Science Translational Medicine
9
(372)
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: January 2017

This week’s papers describe new therapeutic avenues to kill tumor-initiating cells in breast, ovarian, and lung cancer patients; mitigate graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic cell transplants in leukemia patients; and stimulate bone healing in diabetic patients.
Disseminated adenovirus infection causing severe ARDS
Authors: Campbell Steven J , Kynyk Jessica A , Davis John A
Published: January 2017

A previously healthy young man with a rare genetic condition presented with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to pneumonia with septic shock. He did not improve with conventional therapy for his known causal organism thus prompting further workup. He was found to be profoundly immunosuppressed raising our suspicion for atypical organisms. A bronchoalveolar lavage sample was positive via PCR for adenovirus which we suspect exacerbated a pre-existing bacterial pneumonia and led to a severe and non-responsive respiratory failure. His serum adenovirus load was markedly elevated. Treatment was started once the diagnosis of disseminated adenovirus infection was made; however, at that time patient was suffering from refractory hypoxaemia, respiratory acidosis, right heart failure and septic shock. Despite maximal supportive measures our patient ultimately expired over the course of 6 days.
Ingestion of cylindrical batteries and its management
Authors: Tien Tony , Tanwar Sudeep
Published: January 2017

In contrast to the ingestion of coin batteries, the ingestion of cylindrical batteries is an uncommon medical presentation. Owing to their larger size, cylindrical battery ingestion can lead to serious complications including intestinal haemorrhage, bowel obstruction, bowel perforation, peritonitis and even death. We discuss the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented after swallowing three cylindrical batteries. Her medical history included depression and previous battery ingestion that required surgical removal. During this presentation however, these ingested batteries were removed endoscopically at oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileocolonoscopy. The patient was subsequently discharged without complication. This paper discusses the complications and management of cylindrical battery ingestion.
Disseminated melioidosis in the head and neck
Authors: Loh Tze Ling , Latis Sergios , Crossland Graeme , Patel Hemi
Published: January 2017

A 35-year-old man was admitted to an intensive care unit with unilateral facial swelling and septic shock after multiple presentations to the emergency department with non-specific unilateral pain over the parotid area. A CT scan of his neck showed diffuse right-sided facial soft tissue infection, mastoid effusion and temporal lobe cerebritis. The upper lobes of his lungs had cannonball lesions that were suggestive of septic lung metastases. Blood cultures and ear canal swabs were positive forBurkholderia pseudomallei. The temporal lobe cerebritis eventually developed into an abscess, necessitating a cortical mastoidectomy, craniectomy and temporal lobectomy. After the surgical interventions, antibiotic therapy was continued for a further 6 months. The patient remained well and had no signs of recurrence up to 7 months after the initial presentation.
Exploring health literacy competencies towards patient education programme for Chinese-speaking healthcare professionals: a Delphi study
Authors: Chang Li-Chun , Chen Yu-Chi , Wu Fei Ling , Liao Li-Ling
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To achieve consensus on a set of competencies in health literacy practice based on a literature review and expert consultation.

Setting

Hospitals and community health centres in Taiwan.

Method

A 2-stage modified Delphi study involving a literature review was conducted, followed by qualitative interviews and 3 rounds of email-based data collection over a 3-month period in 2011.

Participants

15 Chinese healthcare practitioners with more than 6 months’ experience in patient education were interviewed to collect data on health literacy practice. 24 experts (12 academic scholars in health literacy and 12 professionals with training related to health literacy practice) were invited to participate in the Delphi process.

Results

Qualitative data from the interviews were analysed and summarised to form 99 competency items for health literacy practice, which were categorised into 5 domains of health literacy practice including those pertaining to knowledge and skills. Consensus was reached on 92 of 99 competencies, using a modified Delphi technique.

Conclusions

The 92 competencies in health literacy practice embraced core components of patient education in the Chinese healthcare profession.
Is questionnaire-based sitting time inaccurate and can it be improved? A cross-sectional investigation using accelerometer-based sitting time
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Christiansen Caroline Stordal , Hanisch Christiana , Bay Hans , Burr Hermann , Holtermann Andreas
Published: January 2017

Objectives

To investigate the differences between a questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time, and develop a model for improving the accuracy of questionnaire-based sitting time for predicting accelerometer-based sitting time.

Methods

183 workers in a cross-sectional study reported sitting time per day using a single question during the measurement period, and wore 2 Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the thigh and trunk for 1–4 working days to determine their actual sitting time per day using the validated Acti4 software. Least squares regression models were fitted with questionnaire-based siting time and other self-reported predictors to predict accelerometer-based sitting time.

Results

Questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based average sitting times were ≈272 and ≈476 min/day, respectively. A low Pearson correlation (r=0.32), high mean bias (204.1 min) and wide limits of agreement (549.8 to −139.7 min) between questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time were found. The prediction model based on questionnaire-based sitting explained 10% of the variance in accelerometer-based sitting time. Inclusion of 9 self-reported predictors in the model increased the explained variance to 41%, with 10%optimismusing a resampling bootstrap validation. Based on a split validation analysis, the developed prediction model on ≈75% of the workers (n=132) reduced the mean and the SD of the difference between questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time by 64% and 42%, respectively, in the remaining 25% of the workers.

Conclusions

This study indicates that questionnaire-based sitting time has low validity and that a prediction model can be one solution to materially improve the precision of questionnaire-based sitting time.
21st century medical education: critical decision-making guidance through smartphone/tablet applications—the Lothian pilot
Authors: Prescott Oliver , Millar Eoghan , Nimmo Graham , Wales Ann , Edgar Simon
Published: January 2017

Introduction

In starting a new clinical placement, doctors in training must become aware of and apply standard operating procedures, as well as learn guidelines, simultaneously adjusting to new patient presentations, environments and personnel. This transition is thought to correlate with increased risk to patient safety, notably during the annual UK changeover. Mobile technologies are increasingly commonplace throughout the National Health Service. Clinicians at all levels are employing medical technology and applications (apps) with minimal local guidance. We set out to test the feasibility and utility of offering medical apps to out-of-hours (OOH) practitioners as an aid to clinical decision-making at point of patient contact. The theorised benefits were threefold: clinical education—real time support for clinical decision-making as one component of deliberate practice to build expert performance; decreased administrative burden–updating and accessing current guidelines; and service development—readily accessible feedback from users.

Method

We provided 32 devices in our emergency departments and OOH environments. The devices were preloaded with apps approved by our medical education department and clinical service leads to be used in support of care delivery.

Results

We surveyed 123 clinical staff prior to the pilot discovering that 65% had used mobile apps to aid their decision-making. During our project, we saw the number of clinical users expand with our data series, suggesting the apps most useful to care delivery for this group of service providers.

Future developments

There was huge enthusiasm for the project and we hope to maintain a clinician-led environment.