bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society): Pengaruhnya pada Keterampilan Proses Sains
Authors: Zahra Melta , Wati Widya , Makbuloh Deden
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of learning SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) to the science process skills student. To see student process skilss researcher using test and observations. This Study included a type of quasi Ekperimental research. This study uses experimental class and control class. Sampling technique used cluster samplin. To know the difference of mastery science process skills experimental class and control class do t-test by the formula Polled varians. Analysis results showing thitung = 11,1223 while ttabel = 1,9908 with a significant level 0,05% so thitung > ttabel. H1 be accepted, there is influence of learning SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) to the science process skills. It can be concluded that there is influence of learning SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) to the science process skills.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh pembelajaran SETS  (Science, Environment, Technology,  Society) terhadap keterampilan proses sains peserta didik. Untuk melihat penguasan keterampilan proses peserta didik peneliti mengunakan tes dan observasi. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen. Penelitian ini menggunakan kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan cluster sampling. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan penguasaan keterampilan proses sains  expekelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen dilakukan uji-t dengan rumus Polled Varians. Hasil analisis menunjukan thitung = 11,1223 sedangkan ttabel = 1,9908 dengan taraf signifikan 0,05% sehingga thitung > ttabel. H1 diterima, terdapat pengaruh model Pembelajaran SETS (Science, Environment, Technology and Society) terhadap keterampilan proses sains. sehungga Dapat simpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran SETS dalam meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik.
Creative Thinking Skills of Students on Harmonic Vibration using Model Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE)
Authors: Malik Adam , Nuraeni Yani , Samsudin Achmad , Sutarno Sutarno
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the implementation of learning by applying the Student Facilitator And Explaining (SFAE) model and the improvement of students' creative thinking skills on the topic of harmonic vibration. The method used in this study is pre-experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design. The samples of this study were students of class X MIA 4 SMA Karya Pembangunan I Ciaparay with a total of 30 students. The sample was chosen by random sampling technique. The field observation sheet instrument was used to observe the implementation of the SFAE model. An essay type test was given in order to measure students' creative thinking skills. This study discovers that the average implementation score of teacher’s activity was 83% which belongs to the good category and the students’ activity was 79% which belongs to the good category. The Improvement of students’ creative thinking skills based on normalized gain was 0.56 which belongs to the medium category. Hypothesis testing used was paired sample t-test with the results of t-count (36.06)> t-table (2.052). This result means that the SFAE model can be used as an alternative for improving students' creative thinking skills for the topic of harmonic vibration. Thus, implementation of the SFAE model can improve students' higher order thinking skills. The SFAE model can also be implemented for learning on other physics topics at various levels of education
The Influence of Practicum-Based Outdoor Inquiry Model on Science Process Skills in Learning Physics
Authors: Wardani Yeni Ristya , Mundilarto Mundilarto , Jumadi Jumadi , Wilujeng Insih , Kuswanto Heru , Astuti Dwi Puji
Published: July 2019

The main purpose of this study is to find out the influence of practicum-based outdoor inquiry model on science process skills. Quasi-experiment design was employed as the research method by Matching Only Post-test Control Group. The research sample was taken using a cluster sampling technique. The samples consisted of experimental class (XI MIA 1) in a total of 25 students treated with practicum-based outdoor inquiry model. The control class (XI MIA 3) consisted of 29 students treated with direct instruction model. In collecting the data, essay test was used in the form of worksheets containing the aspect of science process skills of formulating hypotheses, designing experiment, interpreting data into tables, and drawing a conclusion (inferring). The study results demonstrate that practicum-based outdoor inquiry model was effective in improving the science process skills. It was shown in p-value (significant) of 0.00. The implication of this study is the need to design a practicum-based outdoor inquiry model by noticing what skills are going to improve by means of more varied outdoor activities.
Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Mapping By Modeling of Land Layer and Site Effect Zone in The Kota Baru of South Lampung
Authors: Haerudin Nandi , Rustadi Rustadi , Fitriawan Helmy , Siska Deassy , Farid Muchammad
Published: July 2019

Kota Baru is the satellite city of Bandar Lampung. The city is prepared for the expansion of the city of Bandar Lampung. Zonation map of earthquake risk is required for Kota Baru due to its location within the reach of earthquake energy of Semangko subduction fault. In this study, we model the earthquake-prone zone map based on the soil characteristics (site effect) combined with the underground layer model to get a detailed description of the horizontal and vertical soil character. The microtremor method is performed to obtain the zonation effect mapping. Whereas, the ground layer modeling is obtained using the geoelectrical method. The modeling results show that the study area is far from tectonic activity based on the history of past earthquake events. However, this area has a large sediment thickness and has a low dominant frequency value, so it is an area that is vulnerable to earthquakes.
Improvement QCM Quality By Polystyrene Coating and Bovine Serum Albumin as Immobilization Agent
Authors: Didik Lalu A. , Yahdi Yahdi , Masruroh Masruroh
Published: July 2019

Polystyrene (PS) thin film with various concentration of mass (1%, 3%, and 5%) has been deposited onto Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)  surface by a spin coating method. The purpose of this research is the improvement of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) immobilization into the QCM surface. The QCM resonance frequency has been investigated by means of Impedance Analyzer. The film thickness was calculated by the Sauerbrey equation. The surface roughness of the PS layer was observed by noncontact Topography Measuring System (TMS-1200). Calculation result using a Sauerbrey equation shows the thickness of the PS layer increases with the increasing PS concentration. The QCM/PS with 1% and 5% concentration of mass has rougher morphology and more frequency shifts caused by BSA injection compared to 3% concentration of PS.
Thermal Conduction in Metals: Mental Representations in 5-6 Years Old Children’s Thinking
Authors: Κaliampos George , Ravanis Konstantinos
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we present the findings of research on mental representations of thermal conduction on the metal of children aged 5-6 years. The research was carried out using interviews of 87 urban area kindergarten students in Greece. The children were asked for predictions and macroscopic descriptions of phenomena illustrated in 3 different tasks during which simple thermal conduction experiments were performed with both daily and non-daily materials. The research results clearly show the vast majority of children express mental representations which are far from the scientific models used in education. Moreover, many children can make predictions on heat conduction without being able to analyze their way of thinking. Finally, differences were found in heat conduction on familiar and non-familiar materials used by children. Findings of the current research study are likely to equip teachers with the appropriate basic tools for designing their teaching interventions in the lessons of heat and thermal conduction for children aged 5-6 years.
Problem-Solving Approach in Multiple Representations of Qualitative and Quantitative Problems in Kinematics Motion
Authors: Saputra Ade Tegar , Jumadi Jumadi , Paramitha Debora Wibianne , Sarah Siti
Published: July 2019

The study aims to find the approach used by students in solving physics problems with symbol and graph representations, and also to find out the student's approach to solving qualitative and quantitative questions. This is related to student good problem solvers use multiple representations to solve the problem. They use the qualitative and quantitative approach in a physics problem. The type of research conducted to find out this is quantitative descriptive. In this study, data were obtained by tests and interviews. We give four problems in kinematic motions to undergraduate students. The problem consists of a graphic and symbol representation of qualitative and quantitative problems. The result shows that the quantitative problem of symbol and graphic representation, all of the students only solve the problem without qualitative analysis. That proves in these problems all of the students become a novice problem solver in this problem. Different from it, 84% of students not only solve the qualitative physics problem in symbol representation problems with the qualitative approach but also, we solve with quantitative analysis. On the other hand, they only explain the graph representations problem with descriptions
Knowledge Level and Self-Confidence on The Computational Thinking Skills Among Science Teacher Candidates
Authors: Rahayu Titik , Osman Kamisah
Published: July 2019

The trending topic in today's education is computational thinking skills which are used to help to solve complicated problems easier. This study aims to identify the level of knowledge and self-confidence of science teacher candidates (physics and biology) on computational thinking skills. The survey research design was used through a mixed-method approach by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative study involved 1016 randomly selected groups of science teachers while in the qualitative study, eight science teachers were chosen based on the scores obtained from the quantitative study. The questionnaire was used as a quantitative data collecting technique to analyze descriptive statistics. Then, an interview was used as the qualitative data collecting technique and was analyzed through theme creation. The findings show that science teacher candidates have a high level of knowledge and self-confidence. The implication of this study is very important for teacher candidates because computational thinking can help to facilitate problems solving in everyday life. Teacher candidates need to be given knowledge and understanding of computational thinking skills, to have readiness and self-confidence in facing the challenges of the learning in the 21st-century
Konseling Behavior dalam Meningkatkan Manajemen Diri Siswa Remaja
Authors: Kholijah Siti , Ridjal Tadjoer , Habsy Bakhrudin All
Published: July 2019

Self management is the process of specific steps consisting of planning, organizing, mobilizing and controlling needed to achieve the expected goals, so that individuals can do better. The design of this study was purposive sampling pretest-posttest control group design, which was analyzed using the T-Test. The population in this study were VIII grade students of Budi Utomo Perak Jombang Middle School with 49 students. The sample of this study was 6 students who were divided into experimental groups and control groups. The instruments in this study are self-management questionnaires. Based on the data analysis the results of the tcount are r 0.985 and the probability value (Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.381 with df = 4. Then the value is compared with the price of ttable at a significant level of 5% two-party test with df = 4 2,776. thitung .985 is greater than t_table 2.776 and the probability value is 0.381, it can be accounted for student management before and approved counseling of Middle School students.Of this study can be conveyed suggestions: (1) Teacher Guidance and Counseling, counseling behavior can be applied to improve student self-management Middle School and for the next researcher can use the use and other relevant techniques used that are used by researchers now
Mengurangi Kenakalan Remaja Menggunakan Konseling Behavioral pada Peserta Didik di SMA
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Arief , Nugroho Panggih Wahyu
Published: July 2019

juvenile delinquency is indeed a phenomenon that occurs at the developmental stage of adolescence. Phenomena that occur are behaviors that deviate from the norms that apply in the community such as ditching, bullying, smoking, drinking liquor, lying, and others. All behaviors carried out bby adolescents on the basis of wanting to try and be dominantly influenced by environmental factors. Juvenile delinquency reflects adolescents having difficulty finding their identity so that they experience an identity crisis. Researchers want to reduce juvenile delinquency using behavioral counseling approaches. The reason for using this counseling is because behavioral counseling is counseling which is a combination of approaches in cognitive psychotherapy therapy and behavior therapy. The type of research used is using experimental research. The design of the research in this study used was the prettest and post-test group. The pre-test results showed that students got ajuvenile delinquency score of 54.23% in the medium criteria, while the post test showed a score of 32.08 in low criteria. Based on the results of the calculation of the comparison of the pre-test and post-test scores, the average respondents experienced a decrease in juvenile delinquency by 22.15%. This proves that behavioral counseling can reduce the level of juvenile delinquency. While the wilcoxon test obtained z count of -1.82, because this value is an absolute value so that the negative sign is not taken into account. So that the calculated z value becomes 1.82, then the calculated z value is compared with the z table value with an error level of 0.05. The conclusion is that the juvenile delinquency of sma n 1 nguter can be reduced through counseling behavioral approaches.
Konseling Kelompok dengan Terapi Realita dalam Menurunkan Prokrastinasi Akademik
Authors: Putri Neneng Suryani
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine whether there is influence group counseling based on reality therapy to the level of student procrastination. Subjects in this study were MA MAFAZA amounting to 14 students. 7 people as experimental group and 7 people as control group. The data collection tools used in this research are: procrastination scale. Data analysis used is Wilxoccon Test which is a statistical method used to test the difference of 2 pieces of data in pairs that is between the control group and the experimental group. The results of analysis using SPSS through Wilxocon Test showed there were 6 samples whose academic procrastination rate was smaller after being treated compared to before. In the positive ranks column showed that no sample whose anxiety level increased after given treatment. While in the Ties column there is 1 sample showing that no change or decrease whatsoever after given treatment. The output shows that the value of P or Pv is 0.027. While the level of significant (α) research of 0.05. So the value of P <α or 0.027 <0.05 then Ho is rejected, it means there is influence of Group Counseling using Reality Therapy on the decrease of student academic procrastination
TO THE QUESTION OF BUILDING PRECEDENTIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS BASED ON SUPPORT-DISTURBED MOVEMENT
Authors: Gudkov Mikhail Yurievich , Dobrynin Alexey Sergeyevich , Koynov Alexander Sergeyevich
Published: July 2019

The article considers the problem of the modern automated control systems which operate in the difficult conditions of constantly changing multi-factorial effects of the environment. Such systems should be considered as multi-mode, non-stationary human-technical systems, since they realize the integrated management of a complex technological object. As a rule, these systems are influenced by both environmental factors and complex man-machine mechanisms and technical means (such as communication devices with an object, programmable controllers - PLC), which constitute the control infrastructure, which ultimately leads to additional complexity and errors, additional management problems and reduced overall management quality. The approach to building an automated process control system is claimed to be based on using reference libraries and control algorithms (precedents), which are selected depending on the changing environmental conditions and the assets used, as well as on the logistics support. Despite the use of modern software and hardware in many systems, such as PLC, very often the quality of control leaves much to be desired. This is due to the fact that the control object changes over time for various reasons, and the control algorithm remains unchanged, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of functioning of such systems. The generalized structure of the precedent process control system is described, which highlights the approach to the control of a technological object within the framework of the well-known concept of support-disturbed movement, which is suitable for building robust control systems for technological objects with substantial nonstationarity.
USING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS IN POWER EQUIPMENT REPAIR PROGRAMS
Authors: Borodin Vitaly Aleksandrovich , Protalinskiy Oleg Miroslavovich , Shurshev Valeriy Fedorovich
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the process of planning the repair of energy equipment. Using a decision support system is proposed because of the large number of rules of comparing flow charts of technical defects. Such a system can speed up the planning process and reduce economic costs. A conceptual model of the system has been built; further it will be presented as a multi-label classification of cross-cutting classes. The “one-vs-all” approach has been used: each flow chart can use its individual classifier. Metrics are proposed for evaluating classifiers: a portion of accurately classified objects, precision, fullness and F-measure. To summarize the evaluation results the concept of micro-average was chosen. A defect classification algorithm has been described. An experiment was conducted using different classification algorithms: decision trees, Bayes classifier and multilayer perceptron. The results of the experiment proved that 80-90% of the correctly classified objects were found (high values), but the average values of accuracy and fullness occurred low (3-7%). There were found sets of data, where different output data corresponded to similar input data. Thus, machine learning can be used to support decision-making, but in some cases information about the order is not complete. Defect classification can be combined with manual clarifying of results or with different algorithms.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND METHODS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION SUPPORT, QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF OPERATORS’ ACTIVITY IN COMPLEX HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS
Authors: Molimonov Dmitry Aleksandrovich , Brumshteyn Yuriy Moiseevich
Published: July 2019

The article characterizes the general working conditions of the man-operator (MO) in the complex human-machine systems (CHMS). Specific examples of CHMS are given. It is shown that work of MO demands the following terms: storing instructions for necessary actions in memory; perception and judgment of large volumes of information; operational recognition of dangerous situations; acceptance and timely implementation of management and technical decisions; estimates of their implementation effects. Features of CHMS real-time management are specified; original mathematical models for the MO solutions acceptance and implementation are offered. Variants of MO sensor systems for ensuring operator with necessary information are considered. The key psychophysiological parameters influencing the information perception and usage by MO are discussed: attention indicators, volumes of short-term and long-term memory, speeds of percepting different types of information, time expenditure on acceptance of one- and multicriteria solutions, durations of “motor reactions”; opportunities of side-by-side execution by MO of several works types, concerned with CHCM management. Variants of operator testing by specified parameters are analyzed. The expediency of accumulation and retrospective analysis of testing results for individual MOs or MO groups has been justified. The opportunities for MO training including use of the adaptive modes are described. The information models of MO activity in terms of CHMS and models of dynamic management of information volumes demonstrated to MO. Practical opportunities and restrictions on continuous monitoring and/or periodic control of MO in the course of work are analyzed. There are offered the mathematical models for optimizing volumes of control, considering positive and negative effects. Possible approaches to a posteriori estimates of the quality of MO activity are analyzed; particular and integral criteria for such estimates are considered. Possible methods for MO activity quality management are specified.
ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING PHASE SHIFT OF HARMONIC SIGNALS USING STOCHASTIC DISCRETIZATION
Authors: Zaitseva Irina Nikolaevna
Published: July 2019

The article focuses on the problem of estimating basic parameters of harmonic signals. An algorithm for determining the phase shift of such signals by the probabilistic-statistical method is proposed. An important advantage of the algorithm is the fact that the circulation time is aliquant to the signal period or shorter. It is important when measuring parameters of infra-low-frequency radio signals. Mathematical modeling of the algorithm was carried out to study errors and assess the possibility of practical application of the algorithm for processing infra-low-frequency radio signals at stochastic discretization. The results of a numerical experiment show that the error of determining the phase shift of harmonic signals using the developed algorithm on the basis of integral samples with stochastic discretization of time intervals according to the uniform distribution law is 1/100 of a percent, and little depends on the accuracy of signal discretization by level. The error obtained corresponds to the accuracy of discretization when translating the 12-bit ADCs into analog-digital converters. The proposed algorithm can be applied for processing infra-low-frequency radio signals in acoustics and communication, as well as in geophysical and biomedical research.
Editorial
Authors: Brandão Jacyntho José Lins
Published: July 2019

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A dóxa de Parmênides
Authors: Marques Marcelo Pimenta
Published: July 2019

Neste trabalho desenvolvo o que seria a cosmologia de Parmênides, tal como podemos inferir a partir dos escassos fragmentos que nos chegaram da chamada ‘dóxa’, ou a segunda parte de seu poema (DK 28 B 8,50 - 19). Para tal lanço mão também de fragmentos doxográficos (DK 28 A 37; 46; 46a; 46b; 52; 53; 54), utilizados criticamente, numa reconstrução das linhas gerais da visão pannenidiana do cosmo e do homem, pensados como mistura de Fogo e Noite.
Laudatio y suasio en el Pro Marcello
Authors: Del Sastre Elizabeth Caballero de , Rossi Alicia Schniebs de , Rabazza Beatriz , Maiorana Dario
Published: July 2019

A crítica costuma considerar o Pro Marcello como um obséquio de Cícero ante César e, portanto, costuma inscrevê-lo no genus demonstrativum. A análise deste discurso permite demonstrar que laudatio Caesaris é um recurso destinado a captar a atenção e a benevolência de César. Portanto, o discurso está inscrito no âmbito do genus deliberativum e, dentro dele, na suasio. O conteúdo e organização desta suasio respondem à estreita e indissolúvel vinculação que, no pensamento de Cícero, tem o seu ofício de orador, de homem político e de pensador.
Isidoro de Sevilha e a Espanha Visigótica
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Valle
Published: July 2019

Após a queda do Império Romano, a Igreja procura definir a atribuição dos poderes em termos de estreita unidade, isto é, sem distinguir o temporal do espiritual. Isidoro de Sevilha aparece como o grande mestre da teologia política da Alta Idade Média. Livra a realeza espanhola de seu “pecado original”: liberta-se de sua inferioridade diante do Império e exorciza as lembranças nocivas. Ao “inventar” a realeza cristã, confere legitimidade própria às realezas que se constituem no Ocidente. Mas a noção de serviço que o cristianismo atribui ao poder torna o Estado um instrumento de salvação.
Latim, moinhos e cavaleiros andantes
Authors: Prado João Batista Toledo
Published: July 2019

O texto procura identificar e analisar os equívocos dos principais tipos de argumentos que o latim sempre recebeu de seus defensores humanistas e, ao mesmo tempo, mostrar que argumentos deveriam ser utilizados para explicar as razões que há para estudar-se a língua de Roma com o moderno embasamento linguístico.
Nursing personnel’s knowledge regarding pressure sore management in a public hospital’s medical and surgical wards
Authors: Dimou Pavlos , Kourakos Michael , Margari Nikoleta , Kamba Evridiki , Fasoi Georgia , Kelesi Martha
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Despite the recent advances in ulcer treatment and management, and the immense advancements in technology, pressure ulcers are still a major challenge for nurses and doctors who are responsible for their management.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the knowledge, practices and attitudes of nursing staff in a large public hospital regarding prevention and management of pressure ulcers.
Methods: This study is a research cross-sectional study which involved all nursing staff (nurses and nursing assistants) working in medical and surgical wards of the General Hospital of Nikaia “St Panteleimon”. The questionnaire used for data collection has been developed by Gouda et al. (2014). The reliability of the questionnaire was high (Cronbach a=0.714) and the response rate was 76.7%. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS for Windows (21.00) statistical software.
Results: The sample of the study consisted of 92 nurses aged 40.5(± 7.9) years. A total of 41 (44.6%) participants were nurse assistants, 33 (35.9%) had graduate from applied science universities, 14 (15.2%) had postgraduate degree and 4 (4.3%) had a university degree. The participants’ working experience was 15.1(± 9.1) years, while 45 (48.9%) nurses were working in surgical departments and 47 (51.1%) in medical ones. Of the total sample, twelve (13.3%) nurses have claimed that training seminars on prevention and management of pressure ulcers have been organized in the hospital that they are working. In a total of 27 questions, the correct answers given by the respondents were 18.59(±2.8) or 68.6% (±10.4%) with a minimum of 12 (44.4%) and a maximum of 25 (92.6%) correct answers. Participants with a higher level of education and those who had attended educational seminars [18.7(±2.8) versus 17(±2.6)] answered significantly more questions than those with a lower level of education (p <0.05).
Conclusions: The nursing staff working in the medical and surgical wards had moderate levels of knowledge and high level of knowledge for the definition and classification of pressure ulcers. It is proposed that clinical protocols be drawn up concerning the staging, prevention and management of pressure ulcers, as well as a more organized continuing training of nursing staff.
Evolution of Physicochemical Structure of Waste Cotton Fiber (Hydrochar) During Hydrothermal Carbonation
Authors: Sheng Shi , Meiling Zhang , Suying Zhang , Wensheng Hou , Zhifeng Yan
Published: July 2019

To study the hydrothermal behavior of cotton fiber, the carbonization process and structural evolution of discarded or waste cotton fiber (WCF) under hydrothermal conditions were investigated using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and glucose was used as a model compound. Results showed that high temperature was beneficial for the hydrolysis of discarded cotton fiber, and the yield of sugar was 4.5%, which was lower than that of MCC (6.51%). WCF and MCC were carbonized at 240–~260°C and 220–~240°C, respectively, whereas the carbonization temperature of glucose was lower than 220°C. The C/O ratios of WCF and glucose hydrothermal products were 5.79 and 5.85, respectively. The three kinds of hydrothermal carbonization products had similar crystal structures and oxygen-containing functional groups. The carbonized products of WCF contained many irregular particles, while the main products of glucose carbonization were 0.5-mm-sized carbon microspheres (CMSs). Results showed that glucose was an important intermediate in WCF carbonization and that there were two main pathways of hydrothermal carbonization of cotton fibers: some cotton fibers were completely hydrolyzed into glucose accompanied by nucleation and then the growth of CMSs. For the other part, the glucose ring of the oligosaccharide, formed by the incomplete hydrolysis of cotton fibers under hydrothermal conditions of high temperature and pressure, breaks and then forms particulate matter.
About Supergraphs. Part III
Authors: Koch Sebastian
Published: July 2019

The previous articles [5] and [6] introduced formalizations of the step-by-step operations we use to construct finite graphs by hand. That implicitly showed that any finite graph can be constructed from the trivial edgeless graph K
1 by applying a finite sequence of these basic operations. In this article that claim is proven explicitly with Mizar[4].
New data on the ecological peculiarities and the distribution in Bulgaria of the vulnerable habitat F3.1d Balkan-Anatolian submontane genistoid scrub from the European Red List of Habitats
Authors: Kunev Georgi , Tzonev Rossen
Published: July 2019

The study presents new data on the habitat dominated by the species complex of Genista lydia/G. rumelica in Bulgaria. It is based on 129 phytocoenological relevés and provides information on the chorology, ecology and floristic structure of these communities. This habitat type occupies substrates composed by different volcanic rocks. The floristic structure is very rich in species. The phytogeographical relationships with the East Mediterranean region are considerable, which is proved by the high occurrence of floristic elements with Mediterranean or sub-Mediterranean origin. The plant life-forms analysis demonstrates that the therophytes, geophytes and chamephytes prevail in their floristic structure, which is also typical for the shrub communities in this region. During the field study this vegetation type has been mapped and its total area of occupancy has been calculated. For a first time it is proposed this habitat to be divided into three habitat sub-types due to the established differences in the environmental factors. Some recommendations have been proposed on the conservation management and also complements on the habitat‘s descriptions in EUNIS habitat classification.
Species delimitation and inter-specific gene flow in Tamarix L. (Tamaricaceae)
Authors: Sheidai Masoud , Shagholi Tahmineh , Keshavarzi Maryam , Koohdar Fahimeh , Ijbari Habibollah
Published: July 2019

Tamarix L. play important role in preventing deforestation in Iran. Tamarix species exhibit wide range of morphological variation therefore, the species delimitation become difficult. This is further complicated due to similarity of morphological characters in closely related species and the occurrence of inter-specific hybridization. The present study was performed to identify Tamarix species and their potential hybrids in Semnan Province of Iran. We used ITS and ISSR and 42 morphological characters for our investigation. Molecular phylogeny of the studied species and their relationship was not in agreement with the species tree of morphological characters and with taxonomic treatment of the genus. HGT tree of ITS and morphological data obtained revealed the occurrence of inter-specific hybridization or introgression between Tamarix species.
Summer fire in steppe habitats: long-term effects on vegetation and autumnal assemblages of cursorial arthropods
Authors: Polchaninova Nina , Savchenko Galina , Ronkin Vladimir , Drogvalenko Aleksandr , Putchkov Alexandr
Published: July 2019

Being an essential driving factor in dry grassland ecosystems, uncontrolled fires can cause damage to isolated natural areas. We investigated a case of a small-scale mid-summer fire in an abandoned steppe pasture in northeastern Ukraine and focused on the post-fire recovery of arthropod assemblages (mainly spiders and beetles) and vegetation pattern. The living cover of vascular plants recovered in a year, while the cover of mosses and litter remained sparse for four years. The burnt site was colonised by mobile arthropods occurring in surrounding grasslands. The fire had no significant impact on arthropod diversity or abundance, but changed their assemblage structure, namely dominant complexes and trophic guild ratio. The proportion of phytophages reduced, while that of omnivores increased. The fire destroyed the variety of the arthropod assemblages created by the patchiness of vegetation cover. In the post-fire stage they were more similar to each other than at the burnt plot in the pre- and post-fire period. Spider assemblages tended to recover their pre-fire state, while beetle assemblages retained significant differences during the entire study period.
Iron age burial mounds as refugia for steppe specialist plants and invertebrates – case study from the Zsolca mounds (NE Hungary)
Authors: Tóth Csaba Albert , Deák Balázs , Nyilas István , Bertalan László , Valkó Orsolya , Novák Tibor József
Published: July 2019

Prehistoric mounds of the Great Hungarian Plain often function as refuges for relic loess steppe vegetation and their associated fauna. The Zsolca mounds are a typical example of kurgans acting as refuges, and even though they are surrounded by agricultural land, they harbour a species rich loess grassland with an area of 0.8 ha. With a detailed field survey of their geomorphology, soil, flora and fauna, we describe the most relevant attributes of the mounds regarding their maintenance as valuable grassland habitats. We recorded 104 vascular plant species, including seven species that are protected in Hungary and two species (Echium russicum and Pulsatilla grandis) listed in the IUCN Red List and the Habitats Directive. The negative effect of the surrounding cropland was detectable in a three-metre wide zone next to the mound edge, where the naturalness of the vegetation was lower, and the frequency of weeds, ruderal species and crop plants was higher than in the central zone. The ancient man-made mounds harboured dry and warm habitats on the southern slope, while the northern slopes had higher biodiversity, due to the balanced water supplies. Both microhabitats had different assemblages of ground-dwelling invertebrates.
The Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) in 2018–2019
Authors: Dengler Jürgen , Aleksanyan Alla , Ambarlı Didem , Biurrun Idoia , Dembicz Iwona , Kuzemko Anna , Török Péter , Venn Stephen , Vrahnakis Michael
Published: July 2019

This report summarises the activities and achievements of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) from January 2018 through July 2019. During the reported period, two Eurasian Grassland Conference (EGCs) took place: the 15th EGC in Sulmona, Italy, and the 16th EGC in Graz, Austria. The 11th and 12th EDGG Field Workshops studied vegetation diversity patterns in the inner alpine valleys of Austria and Switzerland, while the 13th Field Workshop was organised in Armenia. The formerly electronic newsletter of EDGG (Bulletin of the Eurasian Dry Grassland) was transformed into a peer-reviewed international journal, called Palaearctic Grasslands, which now is attracting both scientific and photographic contributions. Furthermore, the EDGG homepage was re-constructed with a new design and content management system. The EDGG has also finalised two grassland-related Special Features during the past 1.5 years in the international journals Tuexenia and Hacquetia, and contributed with eight chapters to the book Grasslands of the World: Diversity, Management and Conservation. The vegetation-plot database GrassPlot, containing standardised multi-scale data from Palaearctic grasslands and closely connected with EDGG, has developed well, as did some other regional and national grassland-focused databases.
Enhancing the Value of Lifestyle Bundles
Authors: Levens Michael
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. The study of marketing a lifestyle offering involves allowing brands from different categories to collaborate in giving, essentially, a new offering as a bundle to consumers. This is particularly important for brands operating in segments that have a significant loyalty or in segments that have become or are becoming commodities. A lifestyle offering can span categories and address latent consumer attitudes such as aspiration and convenience. Lifestyle bundles were introduced as a “way of life that individuals express by choosing to allocate their time and personal resources to a single package of two or more goods or services that they believe represent their current or desired way of life” (Levens, 2010). The initial research on lifestyle bundles was contextualized through a bundled multi-category luxury offering, targeting affluent consumers, which was built on the concepts of luxury marketing, bundling and the needs, attitudes and behaviours of affluent consumers. The bundle items include a home, a vehicle and a vacation club. This paper revisits the original work on this topic and explores ways to enhance interest in the underlying bundle proposition.

Design / Methodology / Approach. The methodology to explore enhancements to the lifestyle bundles involved re-analyzing the data cube used to develop the inaugural lifestyle bundle research (Levens, 2010). The data cube was mined to identify individual preferences to increase consumer interest in the original concept. The underlying argument is that adjusting the lifestyle bundle items may increase consumer interest in the overall concept. The analysis presented in this paper was completed through statistical description using SPSS software.

Findings. The initial concept evaluation identified a non-trivial level of interest in the lifestyle bundle consisting of a home, a vehicle and a vacation club. This paper identifies modifications to the bundles that would increase consumer interest among rejecters and supporters of the lifestyle bundle concept. While novelty was acknowledged as a reason for consumer interest, it was clear that utility derived from convenience and lifestyle expression was the basis for many consumers supporting the concept. Concept rejecters also noted these attributes as influencing their opinions. Elimination of the vacation club offer from the lifestyle bundle would have the greatest impact on increasing rejection. Adding home and vehicle insurance to the lifestyle bundle would have the greatest impact on enhancing the value proposition for concept supporters.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. Lifestyle bundles are a novel approach for marketers to differentiate their products and create new opportunities among consumers who might have not previously considered their products or services. Enhancing the lifestyle bundle offer can only increase those opportunities.
Linear Model for Brand Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Kral Pavol , Janoskova Katarina , Durana Pavol
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. The aim of the paper is to create a model that allows building an optimal brand portfolio, allowing an organisation to achieve its goals. The created model is based on the bivalent programming theory. A mathematical model of optimum brand portfolio is created based on linear programming with restricting conditions being the maximum acceptable risk level and budget. The basic types of resources and basic types of relations between brands are explained, which are part of the process of brand portfolio optimization.

Design / Methodology / Approach. Knowledge and many years of experience of mainly economic disciplines were used for the selection of characteristics for brand portfolio specified in this article. Our assumptions were based mainly on project portfolio management, operational analysis and linear programming as well as tools and methods of graph theory.

Findings. Brand portfolio management such as creating, planning, organising and then maintaining a successful brand is a costly and long-term process involving effective marketing strategies and decisions. The prerequisite for brand portfolio creation is deciding on the number and type of brands. A properly constructed brand portfolio is a prerequisite for achieving business goals.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. Brand portfolio optimisation requires sufficient attention; however, rather than the selection of the highest number of brands, it should be based on compilation of a set, according to pre-defined priorities, which would provide the best possible means to meet the company’s goals for the current limitations. It should be implemented upon objective rules (in our case maximum allowable risk level and available budget). Frequent changes in the brand portfolio structure are not beneficial since they reduce the ability for the company to achieve its targets and represent excessive use of resources. In addition, qualitative brand characteristics have to be respected in the brand portfolio management, but this was not covered in our research.
Digital Economy and Society: Baltic States in the EU Context
Authors: Česnauskė Jevgenija
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. The high penetration of the Internet and increased level of use of digital devices create conditions for the development of the digital economy and society. Understanding and management of this model are essential whilst seeking to compete in the global market and to ensure a high standard of living for citizens. However, despite the opportunities presented by the digital economy, the Baltic States have not yet fully exploited the potential of digital technologies for sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to assess the progress of the Baltic States towards developing a digital economy and society and to identify areas requiring priority investments and action.

Design/Methodology/Approach. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) published by the European Commission is used to explore the potential of the digital economy. It is an index measuring progress in digital performance through five components: connectivity, human capital, use of internet, integration of digital technology and digital public services. DESI is a crucial tool to reflect the performance of the Baltic States in the context of other European countries.

Findings. The survey shows the individual performance of each Baltic country and compares them amongst themselves as well as with other EU countries. Estonia has the highest DESI when compared with other Baltic countries; however, lower scores in connectivity and integration of digital technology components are observed. Lithuania scores high in the integration of digital technology, whereas the human capital component remains lower. Latvia is a leader amongst connectivity but descents to other Baltic countries in human capital and integration of digital technology components.

Originality/Value/Practical implications. The digital economy remains a widely discussed topic; however, a lack of unanimous scientific definition and detailed research on this economic model complicates understanding of digital technologies. It is essential for each government to analyse the model and focus on the improvement of the digital economy in order to ensure that the country remains digitally competitive in the world.
The Quality of Brand Products: Expected Attributes vs. Perceived Reality
Authors: Durana Pavol , Kliestikova Jana , Kovacova Maria
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. The quality means a core attribute of the product. Based on empirical assessment of the consumer, it is ascertained if the products are of high quality. However, there may be considerable counterarguments against this assessment, because quality is a subjective characteristic. For this reason, a paradoxical situation arises – the same product that we consider to be a quality product someone else may regard as insufficient quality. What is considered standard quality level in some cases may be the assumed to have achieved world-class quality. This way the definition of quality product is very difficult. Brand is one of possible ways to differentiate products from one to another and at the same time it is one of possible ways to simplify consumer choices of choosing the best product. The brand can be the label for many consumers synonymous with quality. In this paper, the existence of difference between expected and delivered quality of brand products is analysed.

Design / Methodology / Approach. The survey of detection of the sources of the value of the brand was realized in 2018 in Slovak conditions. This primary source provided the base assessment of quality of branded sport clothes, cars, banks, cola drinks and brand products in general. Using factor analysis, supported by Cronbach’s alpha, verified by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and Bartlett's test of sphericity, comprehensive factors that enable comparison of expected attributes and perceived reality were constructed. The extraction method of factor analysis was principal component analysis, the rotation method was Varimax with Kaiser normalization. Then the factors were analysed by chi-square test and correspondence analysis.

Findings. The objective of this article was to detect the existence of differences between the expected and perceived quality of brand products in Slovak conditions. Comprehensive factors were constructed that contain information about quality of branded clothes, cars, banks, cola drinks and brand products in general. The dependence of expectations and reality was indicted and paper resolved the relations between individual categories of factors.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. The original survey of attitudes of Slovak consumer was made. The information about of notable sample was analysed, and this empirical study pointed out the real quality of brand products.