bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction of cell differentiation activates transcription of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum calcium‐ATPase 3 gene (ATP2A3) in gastric and colon cancer cells
Authors: Flores‐Peredo Lucía , Rodríguez Gabriela , Zarain‐Herzberg Angel
Published: July 2016

The Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+‐ATPases (SERCAs), pump Ca2+ into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen modulating cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations to regulate various cellular processes including cell growth. Previous studies have reported a downregulation of SERCA3 protein expression in gastric and colon cancer cell lines and showed that in vitro cell differentiation increases its expression. However, little is known about the transcriptional mechanisms and transcription factors that regulate SERCA3 expression in epithelial cancer cells. In this work, we demonstrate that SERCA3 mRNA is upregulated up to 45‐fold in two epithelial cancer cell lines, KATO‐III and Caco‐2, induced to differentiate with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and by cell confluence, respectively. To evaluate the transcriptional elements responding to the differentiation stimuli, we cloned the human ATP2A3 promoter, generated deletion constructs and transfected them into KATO‐III cells. Basal and differentiation responsive DNA elements were located by functional analysis within the first −135 bp of the promoter region. Using site‐directed mutagenesis and DNA‐protein binding assays we found that Sp1, Sp3, and Klf‐4 transcription factors bind to ATP2A3 proximal promoter elements and regulate basal gene expression. We showed that these factors participated in the increase of ATP2A3 expression during cancer cell differentiation. This study provides evidence for the first time that Sp1, Sp3, and Klf‐4 transcriptionally modulate the expression of SERCA3 during induction of epithelial cancer cell differentiation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PLA2G6 ‐Associated Neurodegeneration: Report of a Novel Mutation in Two Siblings with Strikingly Different Clinical Presentation
Authors: Pérez‐Torre Paula , Escobar Villalba Alfonso , Martínez Ulloa Pedro , Kawiorski Michal , Jiménez‐Escrig Adriano , Bazán Eulalia , Gonzalo‐Gobernado Rafael , Herranz Antonio S.
Published: July 2016

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Unmasking levodopa resistance in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nonnekes Jorik , Timmer Monique H.M. , de Vries Nienke M. , Rascol Olivier , Helmich Rick C. , Bloem Bastiaan R.
Published: July 2016

Some motor and nonmotor features associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) do not seem to respond well to levodopa (or other forms of dopaminergic medication) or appear to become resistant to levodopa treatment with disease progression and longer disease duration. In this narrative review, we elaborate on this issue of levodopa resistance in PD. First, we discuss the possibility of pseudoresistance, which refers to dopamine‐sensitive symptoms or signs that falsely appear to be (or have become) resistant to levodopa, when in fact other mechanisms are at play, resulting in suboptimal dopaminergic efficacy. Examples include interindividual differences in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and underdosing because of dose‐limiting side effects or because of levodopa phobia. Moreover, pseudoresistance can emerge as not all features of PD respond adequately to the same dosage of levodopa. Second, we address that for several motor features (eg, freezing of gait or tremor) and several nonmotor features (eg, specific cognitive functions), the response to levodopa is fairly complex, with a combination of levodopa‐responsive, levodopa‐resistant, and even levodopa‐induced characteristics. A possible explanation relates to the mixed presence of underlying dopaminergic and nondopaminergic brain lesions. We suggest that clinicians take these possibilities into account before concluding that symptoms or signs of PD are totally levodopa resistant. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Arm swing as a potential new prodromal marker of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mirelman Anat , Bernad‐Elazari Hagar , Thaler Avner , Giladi‐Yacobi Eytan , Gurevich Tanya , Gana‐Weisz Mali , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Raymond Deborah , Doan Nancy , Bressman Susan B. , Marder Karen S. , Alcalay Roy N. , Rao Ashwini K. , Berg Daniela , Brockmann Kathrin , Aasly Jan , Waro Bjørg Johanne , Tolosa Eduardo , Vilas Dolores , Pont‐Sunyer Claustre , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Giladi Nir
Published: July 2016

Background

Reduced arm swing is a well‐known clinical feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), often observed early in the course of the disease. We hypothesized that subtle changes in arm swing and axial rotation may also be detectable in the prodromal phase.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the LRRK2‐G2019S mutation, arm swing, and axial rotation in healthy nonmanifesting carriers and noncarriers of the G2019S mutation and in patients with PD.

Methods

A total of 380 participants (186 healthy nonmanifesting controls and 194 PD patients) from 6 clinical sites underwent gait analysis while wearing synchronized 3‐axis body‐fixed sensors on the lower back and bilateral wrists. Participants walked for 1 minute under the following 2 conditions: (1) usual walking and (2) dual‐task walking. Arm swing amplitudes, asymmetry, variability, and smoothness were calculated for both arms along with measures of axial rotation.

Results

A total of 122 nonmanifesting participants and 67 PD patients were carriers of the G2019S mutation. Nonmanifesting mutation carriers walked with greater arm swing asymmetry and variability and lower axial rotation smoothness under the dual task condition when compared with noncarriers (P < .04). In the nonmanifesting mutation carriers, arm swing asymmetry was associated with gait variability under dual task (P = .003). PD carriers showed greater asymmetry and variability of movement than PD noncarriers, even after controlling for disease severity (P < .009).

Conclusions

The G2019S mutation is associated with increased asymmetry and variability among nonmanifesting participants and patients with PD. Prospective studies should determine if arm swing asymmetry and axial rotation smoothness may be used as motor markers of prodromal PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Practical estimation of a splitting parameter for a spectral method for the ternary Cahn–Hilliard system with a logarithmic free energy
Authors: Jeong Darae , Kim Junseok
Published: July 2016

We propose a practical estimation of a splitting parameter for a spectral method for the ternary Cahn–Hilliard system with a logarithmic free energy. We use Eyre's convex splitting scheme for the time discretization and a Fourier spectral method for the space variables. Given an absolute temperature, we find composition values that make the total free energy be minimum. Then, we find the splitting parameter value that makes the two split homogeneous free energies be convex on the neighborhood of the local minimum concentrations. For general use, we also propose a sixth‐order polynomial approximation of the minimum concentration and derive a useful formula for the practical estimation of the splitting parameter in terms of the absolute temperature. The numerical tests are phase separation and total energy decrease with different temperature values. The linear stability analysis shows a good agreement between the exact and numerical solutions with an optimal value s. Various computational experiments confirm that the proposed splitting parameter estimation gives stable numerical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Offset‐compensated and zero‐quantum suppressed ROESY provides accurate 1H–1H distances in small to medium‐sized molecules
Authors: Boros Sándor , Batta Gyula
Published: July 2016

A robust version of the off‐resonance ROESY pulse scheme is suggested for the measurement of proton–proton distances or slow chemical exchange in small to medium‐sized molecules. The method implements adiabatic ramps to establish a pair of opposite frequency off‐resonance spin lock fields – with optionally randomized duration – and adiabatic inversion pulses with simultaneous gradients for efficient zero‐quantum suppression. The amended pulse sequence yields pure absorption cross‐peaks and works safely for small to medium‐sized molecules. The applicability of the method has been demonstrated using small, rigid molecules (strychnine and codeine) and was also applied for a cyclic peptide and a small protein. We found that the pure phase cross‐peaks of the new ROESY version are beneficial for distance measurements. The one‐dimensional (selective) version of the new method is also powerful for measuring selected pair‐wise interactions and distance determination. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal summation to thermal stimuli is elevated in women with overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Reynolds William Stuart , Brown Elizabeth Timbrook , Danford Jill , Kaufman Melissa , Wein Alan , Dmochowski Roger , Bruehl Stephen
Published: July 2016

Introduction

This study sought to provide a preliminary assessment of whether spinally mediated afferent hyperactivity (i.e., central sensitization) might contribute to manifestations of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) in women as indexed by elevated temporal summation of evoked heat pain stimuli.

Methods

We recruited 20 adult women with OAB who were planning to undergo interventional therapy for OAB with either onabotulinumtoxinA injection or sacral neuromodulation and 23 healthy controls without OAB symptoms to undergo quantitative sensory testing with cutaneous thermal pain temporal summation. The primary study outcome was the degree of temporal summation, as reflected in the magnitude of positive slope of the line fitted to the series of 10 stimuli at the 49°C target temperatures. Linear regression and analysis of covariance were utilized to compare the degree of temporal summation between study groups.

Results

The standardized slope of temporal summation trials for women with OAB was significantly higher than for controls (β = 3.43, 95% confidence interval = 0.6–6.2, P = 0.017). The adjusted means ±SE of the standardized temporal summation slopes for the full OAB and control groups were 3.0 ± 0.5 (95% confidence interval = 2.0, 4.1) and 1.7 ± 0.5 (95% confidence interval = 0.7, 2.7), respectively.

Conclusion

In this preliminary study, we demonstrated that women with OAB refractory to primary and secondary therapies exhibited greater thermal cutaneous temporal summation than women without OAB symptoms. This suggests that central sensitization, indexed by temporal summation, may be an underlying factor contributing to OAB in some women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1108–1112, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overview of quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Deistung Andreas , Schweser Ferdinand , Reichenbach Jürgen R.
Published: July 2016

Magnetic susceptibility describes the magnetizability of a material to an applied magnetic field and represents an important parameter in the field of MRI. With the recently introduced method of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and its conceptual extension to susceptibility tensor imaging (STI), the non‐invasive assessment of this important physical quantity has become possible with MRI. Both methods solve the ill‐posed inverse problem to determine the magnetic susceptibility from local magnetic fields. Whilst QSM allows the extraction of the spatial distribution of the bulk magnetic susceptibility from a single measurement, STI enables the quantification of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, but requires multiple measurements with different orientations of the object relative to the main static magnetic field. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the fundamental theoretical foundation of QSM and STI, as well as computational strategies for the characterization of magnetic susceptibility with MRI phase data. In the second part, we provide an overview of current methodological and clinical applications of QSM with a focus on brain imaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voxel‐based morphometry reveals brain gray matter volume changes in successful dieters
Authors: Honea Robyn A. , Szabo‐Reed Amanda N. , Lepping Rebecca J. , Perea Rodrigo , Breslin Florence , Martin Laura E. , Brooks William M. , Donnelly Joseph E. , Savage Cary R.
Published: July 2016

Objective

To compare regional brain volume predictors of percent weight loss (WL) in dieters with obesity (DwO) and in the same participants categorized as “successful” (≥7% WL) or “unsuccessful” dieters (<7% WL).

Methods

DwO (n = 72) and participants with healthy weight (n = 22) completed a structural MRI at baseline and 3 months. All DwO participants were enrolled in a 12‐week program consisting of a reduced calorie diet, increased physical activity, and behavioral modification. SPM8‐based voxel‐based morphometry processing streams were used for measurements of regional gray (GMV) and white matter volume and longitudinal changes in volume. Correlations between WL and baseline brain volume and change in brain volume, as well as differences between groups, were then tested.

Results

%WL was positively correlated with baseline GMV in right parahippocampal and orbitofrontal gyri in DwO. Successful dieters showed greater GMV loss in the left precentral gyrus and the insula compared with unsuccessful dieters. A negative correlation was found between %WL and GMV change from baseline in the left prefrontal regions.

Conclusions

Findings illustrate that WL is related to volumetric changes in brain areas previously linked to interoception and food motivation.
Direct deposition of copper nanoparticles on poly(glycidyl methacrylate) beads
Authors: Mohammed Safiullah Sakvai , Abdul Wasi Kathikar , Anver Basha Kottur
Published: July 2016

Fabrication of Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on the Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) to prepare Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) core/copper nanoparticle shell nanocomposite (PGMA/Cu nanohybrid) by deposition method. The deposition method consists of two simple steps (i) The synthesis of PGMA beads by suspension polymerization followed by (ii) direct deposition of CuNPs on activated PGMA beads. The PGMA beads were used as a soft template to host the CuNPs without surface modification of it. Two different concentrations of copper salts (1% and 5%) were employed to know the effect of concentration on the shape and size of nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of PGMA/Cu nanohybrids were tested for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4AP) with an excess amount of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The results showed that, the diverse sizes and shapes of CuNPs were deposited on the PGMA matrix. The X‐ray diffraction study revealed that the CuNPs were present on the surface of the PGMA matrix. The scanning electron microscopic images show that the fabrication of CuNPs on the PGMA matrix changes the morphology and nature of PGMA beads significantly. The catalytic studies have demonstrated that the PGMA/Cu nanohybrid 1% exhibit better catalytic activity than 5%. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1913–1921, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Soft Data and Public Policy: Can Social Media Offer Alternatives to Official Statistics in Urban Policymaking?
Authors: Severo Marta , Feredj Amel , Romele Alberto
Published: July 2016

In recent years, decision makers have reported difficulties in the use of official statistics in public policy: excessively long publication delays, insufficient coverage of topics of interest, and the top‐down process of data creation. The deluge of data available online represents a potential answer to these problems, with social media data in particular as a possible alternative to traditional data. In this article, we propose a definition of “Soft Data” to indicate data that are freely available on the Internet, and that are not controlled by a public administration but rather by public or private actors. The term Soft Data is not intended to replace those of “Big Data” and “Open Data,” but rather to highlight specific properties and research methods required to convert them into information of interest for decision makers. The analysis is based on a case study of Twitter data for urban policymaking carried out for a European research program aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of European cohesion policy. The article explores methodological issues and the possible impact of “Soft Data” on public policy, reporting on semistructured interviews carried out with nine European policymakers.
The Associations of Age and Ethnicity on Substance Use Behaviors of Adolescent and Young Adult Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ruiz Maritza E. , Sender Leonard , Torno Lilibeth , Fortier Michelle A.
Published: July 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the associations between age and ethnicity on the development of substance use behaviors among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) adolescent and young adult (AYA) childhood cancer survivors.

Methods

Participants were recruited from a single institution through the CHOC Children's Hospital Cancer Registry and included 55 Hispanic and 61 NHW AYA childhood cancer survivors, ages 12 to 33 years (Mean age ± SD: 19 ± 4.2). Smoking, alcohol, and drug use were measured using the Child Health Illness Profile – Adolescent Edition.

Results

Hispanic AYA survivors were less likely to be medically insured and reported lower household income than their NHW counterparts (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). After controlling for socioeconomic differences and gender, age and ethnicity were significant predictors of substance use among AYA survivors. Hispanic survivors reported less lifetime use of cigarette smoking compared with NHW survivors (OR 0.17, 95% CI, 0.03‐0.80). Older age, for both Hispanic and NHW survivors, was found to be a risk factor for lifetime substance use and current alcohol/hard liquor consumption and binge drinking (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Young adult childhood cancer survivors and NHW survivors are at greatest risk for developing substance use behaviors. The frequency of substance use among AYA survivors appears to increase as they transition into adulthood. These findings emphasize the need to improve long‐term health behavior screening and develop effective interventions on reducing substance use behaviors in this vulnerable population.
Electrical characterization of MIS structures with HfOx gate dielectric films fabricated on silicon substrates modified by ultra‐shallow ion implantation from RF plasma
Authors: Mroczyński Robert , Kalisz Małgorzata , Dominik Magdalena
Published: July 2016

The feasibility of ultra‐shallow fluorine and nitrogen implantation from RF plasma into silicon substrates, and the correlation between implantation process parameters, and electro‐physical properties of obtained Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor (MIS) structures with hafnium oxide (HfOx) layer as a gate dielectric was investigated. The analysis of electrical characteristics of MIS structures proved that almost all fabricated structures after plasma implantation are characterized by lower flat‐band voltage (Ufb) value (in absolute values) and lower effective charge (Qeff) in comparison to reference samples. However, the limitation of such an improvement is the specified value of power applied to the reactive chamber (i.e., 120 W). MIS structures are also characterized by a lower leakage current and very significant increase in the breakdown voltage (Ubr) value. The structural characterization has demonstrated that both types of plasma implantation result in the introduction of the relatively high concentration of fluorine and nitrogen into silicon subsurface area. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct growth of graphene film on piezoelectric La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 crystal
Authors: Brzhezinskaya Maria , Irzhak Artemii , Irzhak Dmitry , Kang Tae Won , Kononenko Oleg , Matveev Viktor , Panin Gennady , Roshchupkin Dmitry
Published: July 2016

For the first time, a few layer graphene was grown on the surface of the polar X ‐cut (110) of a piezoelectric La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 crystal by the CVD method. This polar X ‐cut is characterized by a good matching of the crystal lattice parameters of La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 and two‐dimensional graphene crystal, as well as the presence of piezoelectric fields on the surface of the substrate, which could affect the graphene growth process. Raman spectroscopy investigation has shown the ability for direct growth of graphene on the piezoelectric crystal. The NEXAFS spectroscopy studies of the film grown on the surface of the X ‐cut of an La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 crystal also confirmed that the grown film is graphene. Moreover, the NEXAFS spectra enable the conclusion that additional electron states are formed as a result of chemical bonding between the atoms of graphene and the substrate which proceeds through hybridization of the valence electron states of the substrate and graphene atoms. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mixed Nanosized Polymeric Micelles as Promoter of Doxorubicin and miRNA‐34a Co‐Delivery Triggered by Dual Stimuli in Tumor Tissue
Authors: Salzano Giuseppina , Costa Daniel F. , Sarisozen Can , Luther Ed , Mattheolabakis George , Dhargalkar Pooja P. , Torchilin Vladimir P.
Published: July 2016

Dual stimuli‐sensitive mixed polymeric micelles (MM) are developed for co‐delivery of the endogenous tumor suppressor miRNA‐34a and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) into cancer cells. The novelty of the system resides in two stimuli‐sensitive prodrugs, a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)‐sensitive Dox conjugate and a reducing agent (glutathione, GSH)‐sensitive miRNA‐34a conjugate, self‐assembled in a single particle decorated with a polyethylene glycol corona for longevity, and a cell‐penetrating peptide (TATp) for enhanced intracellular delivery. The MMP2‐sensitivity of the system results in threefold higher cytotoxicity in MMP2‐overexpressing HT1080 cells compared to low MMP2‐expressing MCF7 cells. Cellular internalization of Dox increases by more than 70% after inclusion of TATp to the formulation. MMP2‐sensitive MM also inhibits proliferation and migration of HT1080 cells. Moreover, GSH‐sensitive MM allows for an efficient downregulation of Bcl2, survivin, and notch1 (65%, 55%, and 46%, respectively) in HT1080 cells. Combination of both conjugates in dual sensitive MM reduces HT1080 cell viability to 40% and expression of Bcl2 and survivin. Finally, 50% cell death is observed in 3D models of tumor mass. The results confirm the potential of the MM to codeliver miRNA‐34a and doxorubicin triggered by dual stimuli inherent of tumor tissues.
Thermoreversible Morphology and Conductivity of a Conjugated Polymer Network Embedded in Block Copolymer Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Han Youngkyu , Carrillo Jan‐Michael Y. , Zhang Zhe , Li Yunchao , Hong Kunlun , Sumpter Bobby G. , Ohl Michael , Paranthaman Mariappan Parans , Smith Gregory S. , Do Changwoo
Published: July 2016

Self‐assembly of block copolymers provides numerous opportunities to create functional materials, utilizing self‐assembled microdomains with a variety of morphology and periodic architectures as templates for functional nanofillers. Here new progress is reported toward the fabrication of thermally responsive and electrically conductive polymeric self‐assemblies made from a water‐soluble poly(thiophene) derivative with short poly(ethylene oxide) side chains and Pluronic L62 block copolymer solution in water. The structural and electrical properties of conjugated polymer‐embedded self‐assembled architectures are investigated by combining small‐angle neutron and X‐ray scattering, coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations, and impedance spectroscopy. The L62 solution template organizes the conjugated polymers by stably incorporating them into the hydrophilic domains thus inhibiting aggregation. The changing morphology of L62 during the micellar‐to‐lamellar phase transition defines the embedded conjugated polymer network. As a result, the conductivity is strongly coupled to the structural change of the templating L62 phase and exhibits thermally reversible behavior with no signs of quenching of the conductivity at high temperature. This study shows promise for enabling more flexibility in processing and utilizing water‐soluble conjugated polymers in aqueous solutions for self‐assembly based fabrication of stimuli‐responsive nanostructures and sensory materials.
A few bad apples: Communication in the presence of strategic ideologues
Authors: Stone Daniel F.
Published: July 2016

I propose a very simple model of strategic communication. The motivation is to help explain widespread persistent disagreement about objective facts. In the model, there is a message sender and a receiver, and two possible states of the world, left or right. The sender is one of three types: honest, or a leftist or rightist “ideologue.” The honest type observes a private signal in
, with higher values implying stronger support for the right state, and reports the observed value truthfully. Ideologues strategically choose any message from this set to maximize the receiver's belief in their preferred state, ignoring any private information they may have. I show that a small presence of ideologues can have a large effect on communication: while we might expect ideologues to just send extreme messages, in most equilibria ideologues use “strategic understatement,” and in many cases actually mix over all non‐neutral (non‐N∕2) messages to mimic honest types and gain credibility. This distorts the interpretation of these messages such that all messages on a side of the spectrum (above or below N∕2) have the same effect on receiver beliefs. This coarsened communication is less informative than even the weakest non‐neutral messages in the absence of ideologues. I show by example how ideologues can cause large delays in the time required for receiver beliefs to converge to truth.
Räume unter Strom
Authors: Weber Florian , Kühne Olaf
Published: July 2016

With its phase-out of nuclear power generation and the expansion of renewably sourced energy, the German energy transition (“Energiewende”) has radically changed existing power supply structures, with wide geographical repercussions. One aspect of this is changes within the being national power grid. Existing networks are to be upgraded and new long-distance power-lines built. This creates resistance and conflict. Against this background, our article investigates from a discourse theory perspective how power grid extensions and possible opposition are communicatively constructed, and what argumentation patterns dominate the discussion. The analyses undertaken here are based on a methodological mix of quantitative-oriented and qualitative elements that facilitates both the differentiation of central issues and detailed examination of individual aspects. In sum, the underlying need for grid extension and the technology involved on the one hand, and issues of health, local economies, natural environment, landscape, and participation in the decision-making process on the other hand, form central fields of conflict to be negotiated at cognitive, emotional and aesthetic levels of discourse.
Efficacy of nano calcium silicate (NCS) treatment on tropical soils in encapsulating heavy metal ions: leaching studies validation
Authors: Mohammed Syed Abu Sayeed , Moghal Arif Ali Baig
Published: July 2016

Soils are known to retain heavy metals through a number of processes. In this study, four different leaching methods viz. ASTM D3987, toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), extended TCLP, and caged TCLP have been used to study the leaching behavior of Cd2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ on red and black cotton soils. Further, these soils were amended with nano calcium silicate (NCS). Also, sequential extraction was performed on these soil mixtures to know the extent of sorption taking place in different phases of soils such as exchangeable, oxidizing, reducing, organic content and residual phases. It was found that as per ASTM D3987, all three heavy metals with red soil and black cotton soil were retained well in the short term, and over a long-term period, the metal ion was released back. When amended with NCS, both red soil and black cotton soil exhibited satisfactory retention levels over long periods which proved that NCS was responsible for encapsulation of metal ions in its matrix. To investigate the retention efficiency, extensive leaching tests were performed, and it was found that as per TCLP, extended TCLP and caged TCLP tests, the retention with NCS-amended red earth soil was 88, 90 and 94 % compared to untreated case. Sequential extraction proved that encapsulation was durable in NCS-amended soils compared to untreated ones. Hence, it is concluded that NCS-amended soil is a prospective material to attenuate heavy metals taking into consideration their long-term encapsulation effect in considered soils. This soil NCS mixture is expected to be a potent agent for in situ treatment of brown fields and an excellent substitute for existing conventional landfill liner materials.
Utility of DSM-5 section III personality traits in differentiating borderline personality disorder from comparison groups
Authors: Bach B. , Sellbom M. , Bo S. , Simonsen E.
Published: July 2016

Objective

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent diagnosis in mental health care and includes a heterogeneous constellation of symptoms. As the field of personality disorder (PD) research moves to emphasize dimensional traits in its operationalization, it is important to determine how the alternative DSM-5 Section III personality trait dimensions differentiates such features in BPD patients versus comparison groups. To date, no study has attempted such validation.

Method

The current study examined the utility of the DSM-5 trait dimensions in differentiating patients with the categorical DSM-IV/5 diagnosis of BPD (n = 101) from systematically matched samples of other PD patients (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 101). This was investigated using one-way ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analyses.

Results

Results indicated that Emotional Lability, Risk Taking, and Suspiciousness uniquely differentiated BPD patients from other PD patients, whereas Emotional Lability, Depressivity, and Suspiciousness uniquely differentiated BPD patients from healthy controls.

Conclusion

Emotional Lability is in particular a key BPD feature of the proposed Section III model, whereas Suspiciousness also augments essential BPD features. Provided that these findings are replicated cross-culturally in forthcoming research, a more parsimonious traits operationalization of BPD features is warranted.
Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis and its Natural History following Unilateral Primary Total Knee Replacement in Local Chinese Patients—A Prospective Study
Authors: Kit Lai Chun , Jid Lee Qunn , Chung Wong Yiu , Leung Wai Yuk
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This prospective study was to investigate the incidence and the fate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among Chinese patients following unilateral primary total knee replacement (TKR). The influence of tourniquet time and the mode of anaesthesia on DVT were evaluated.

Method

390 patients who underwent unilateral cemented primary TKR were investigated. Patients whose body-mass- index (BMI) exceeded 30kg/m2 were given chemoprophylaxis with low molecular heparin postoperatively. DVT was diagnosed using duplex ultrasonography on 4th to 7th days after operation. DVT was classified into two groups, distal and proximal. Patients who had DVT on the first scan were assigned two follow-up scans.

Result

The incidence of DVT was 25.7%. 97 patients (24.9%) had distal DVT, whereas 3 had proximal DVT (0.8%). Among patients with DVT, 18 (18%) of them resolved at first follow up scan, 82 persisted, and there were no proximal progression. At the 6th week scanning, 57 patients (57%) were free from DVT, while 42 patients (42%) had persistent DVT. There was one (1%) case which the distal DVT had proximal migration, but there was no pulmonary embolism. Tourniquet time and mode of anaesthesia did not reveal any statistical significance on the incidence of DVT.

Conclusion

This prospective study showed that the incidence of DVT after unilateral primary TKR in Hong Kong Chinese patient was high. However, most of them are distal to popliteal vein with low risk of proximal migration. More than half of them resolved at about two months after the operation.
Cross-Disciplinary Research as a Platform for Philosophical Research
Authors: CROWLEY STEPHEN J. , GONNERMAN CHAD , O'ROURKE MICHAEL
Published: July 2016

It is argued that core areas of philosophy can benefit from reflection on cross-disciplinary research (CDR). We start by giving a brief account of CDR, describing its variability and some of the ways in which philosophers can interact with it. We then provide an argument inprinciplefor the conclusion that CDR is philosophically fecund, arguing that since CDR highlights fundamental differences among disciplinary research worldviews, it can be used to motivate new philosophical problems and supply new insights into old problems. We close by providing an argumentby examplethat uses the epistemology of peer disagreement to establish the potential of CDR for core philosophical areas. With this argument, we aim to demonstrate how the complex research contexts that CDR affords can point the way toward important avenues of epistemological research by highlighting potential limitations of key epistemological components, such as peerage and uniqueness.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Country Multinationals: Identifying Company and Country-Level Influences
Authors: Preuss Lutz , Barkemeyer Ralf , Glavas Ante
Published: July 2016

The extant literature on cross-national differences in approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) has mostly focused on developed countries. Instead, we offer two inter-related studies into corporate codes of conduct issued by developing country multinational enterprises (DMNEs). First, we analyse code adoption rates and code content through a mixed methods design. Second, we use multilevel analyses to examine country-level drivers of differences in code content—specifically, elements of a country’s National Business System (NBS). We find that DMNEs are much more likely to adopt a code of conduct than their domestic counterparts; however, this does not translate into greater code comprehensiveness. We also find support for the ‘substitute view’ of CSR in developing countries, i.e. that MNEs from poorer countries and from countries with lower governance effectiveness tend to express more comprehensive commitments. However, this dynamic does not extend to a country’s labour system; instead, CSR appears here to match the efficiency of a country’s labour market, thus reflecting the ‘mirror view’ of CSR.
Development and Implementation of a Zika Virus Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Rosa Rossana , Abbo Lilian M. , Kapur Girish , Paige Peter , Jean Reynald , Rico Edhelene , Memon Abdul M.
Published: July 2016

The rapid spread of Zika virus represents a threat to public health and demands significant preparation from hospitals and health care systems. Establishment of procedures for the identification of cases of Zika virus infection is a fundamental aspect of response planning. We describe the steps taken in the development and implementation of a protocol for the diagnosis and management of suspected cases of Zika virus infection in a large academic medical center. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:256–258)
Is There Room for Prevention? Examining the Effect of Outpatient Facility Type on the Risk of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Parikh Rishi , Pollock Daniel , Sharma Jyotirmay , Edwards Jonathan
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE

We compared risk for surgical site infection (SSI) following surgical breast procedures among 2 patient groups: those whose procedures were performed in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and those whose procedures were performed in hospital-based outpatient facilities.

DESIGN

Cohort study using National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) SSI data for breast procedures performed from 2010 to 2014.

METHODS

Unconditional multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between facility type and breast SSI, adjusting for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification, patient age, and duration of procedure. Other potential adjustment factors examined were wound classification, anesthesia use, and gender.

RESULTS

Among 124,021 total outpatient breast procedures performed between 2010 and 2014, 110,987 procedure reports submitted to the NHSN provided complete covariate data and were included in the analysis. Breast procedures performed in ASCs carried a lower risk of SSI compared with those performed in hospital-based outpatient settings. For patients aged ≤51 years, the adjusted risk ratio was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.25–0.50) and for patients >51 years old, the adjusted risk ratio was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.21–0.49).

CONCLUSIONS

SSI risk following breast procedures was significantly lower among ASC patients than among hospital-based outpatients. These findings should be placed in the context of study limitations, including the possibility of incomplete ascertainment of SSIs and shortcomings in the data available to control for differences in patient case mix. Additional studies are needed to better understand the role of procedural settings in SSI risk following breast procedures and to identify prevention opportunities.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–7
A two-phase two-layer model for fluidized granular flows with dilatancy effects
Authors: Bouchut François , Fernández-Nieto Enrique D. , Mangeney Anne , Narbona-Reina Gladys
Published: July 2016

We propose a two-phase two-thin-layer model for fluidized debris flows that takes into account dilatancy effects, based on the closure relation proposed by Roux & Radjai (Physics of Dry Granular Media, 1998, Springer, pp. 229–236). This relation implies that the occurrence of dilation or contraction of the granular material depends on whether the solid volume fraction is respectively higher or lower than a critical value. When dilation occurs, the fluid is sucked into the granular material, the pore pressure decreases and the friction force on the granular phase increases. On the contrary, in the case of contraction, the fluid is expelled from the mixture, the pore pressure increases and the friction force diminishes. To account for this transfer of fluid into and out of the mixture, a two-layer model is proposed with a fluid layer on top of the two-phase mixture layer. Mass and momentum conservation are satisfied for the two phases, and mass and momentum are transferred between the two layers. A thin-layer approximation is used to derive average equations, with accurate asymptotic expansions. Special attention is paid to the drag friction terms that are responsible for the transfer of momentum between the two phases and for the appearance of an excess pore pressure with respect to the hydrostatic pressure. For an appropriate form of dilatancy law we obtain a depth-averaged model with a dissipative energy balance in accordance with the corresponding three-dimensional initial system.
Dispersion controlled by permeable surfaces: surface properties and scaling
Authors: Ling Bowen , Tartakovsky Alexandre M. , Battiato Ilenia
Published: July 2016

Permeable and porous surfaces are common in natural and engineered systems. Flow and transport above such surfaces are significantly affected by the surface properties, e.g. matrix porosity and permeability. However, the relationship between such properties and macroscopic solute transport is largely unknown. In this work, we focus on mass transport in a two-dimensional channel with permeable porous walls under fully developed laminar flow conditions. By means of perturbation theory and asymptotic analysis, we derive the set of upscaled equations describing mass transport in the coupled channel–porous-matrix system and an analytical expression relating the dispersion coefficient with the properties of the surface, namely porosity and permeability. Our analysis shows that their impact on the dispersion coefficient strongly depends on the magnitude of the Péclet number, i.e. on the interplay between diffusive and advective mass transport. Additionally, we demonstrate different scaling behaviours of the dispersion coefficient for thin or thick porous matrices. Our analysis shows the possibility of controlling the dispersion coefficient, i.e. transverse mixing, by either active (i.e. changing the operating conditions) or passive mechanisms (i.e. controlling matrix effective properties) for a given Péclet number. By elucidating the impact of matrix porosity and permeability on solute transport, our upscaled model lays the foundation for the improved understanding, control and design of microporous coatings with targeted macroscopic transport features.
Numerical study of viscous starting flow past wedges
Authors: Xu Ling
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a numerical study of vortex formation in the impulsively started viscous flow past an infinite wedge, for wedge angles ranging from $60^{\circ }$ to $150^{\circ }$. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved in the vorticity-streamfunction formulation using a time-splitting scheme. The vorticity convection is computed using a semi-Lagrangian method. The vorticity diffusion is computed using an implicit finite difference scheme, after mapping the physical domain conformally onto a rectangle. The results show details of the vorticity evolution and associated streamline and streakline patterns. In particular, a hierarchical formation of recirculating regions corresponding to alternating signs of vorticity is revealed. The appearance times of these vorticity regions of alternate signs, as well as their dependence on the wedge angles, are investigated. The scaling behaviour of the vortex centre trajectory and vorticity is reported, and solutions are compared with those available from laboratory experiments and the inviscid similarity theory.
Impact of supraglacial deposits of tephra from Grímsvötn volcano, Iceland, on glacier ablation
Authors: MÖLLER REBECCA , MÖLLER MARCO , KUKLA PETER A. , SCHNEIDER CHRISTOPH
Published: July 2016

Supraglacial deposits are known for their influence on glacier ablation. The magnitude of this influence depends on the thickness and the type of the deposited material. The effects of thin layers of atmospheric black carbon and of thick moraine debris have been intensively studied. Studies related to regional-scale deposits of volcanic tephra with thicknesses varying between millimetres and metres and thus over several orders of magnitude are scarce. We present results of a field experiment in which we investigated the influence of supraglacial deposits of tephra from Grímsvötn volcano on bare-ice ablation at Svínafelsjökull, Iceland. We observed that the effective thickness at which ablation is maximized ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 mm. At ~10 mm a critical thickness is reached where sub-tephra ablation equals bare-ice ablation. We calibrated two empirical ablation models and a semi-physics-based ablation model that all account for varying tephra-layer thicknesses. A comparison of the three models indicates that for tephra deposits in the lower-millimetre scale the temperature/radiation-index model performs best, but that a semi-physics-based approach could be expected to yield superior results for tephra deposits of the order of decimetres.
A New Radiocarbon Sequence from Lamanai, Belize: Two Bayesian Models from One of Mesoamerica’s Most Enduring Sites
Authors: Hanna Jonathan A , Graham Elizabeth , Pendergast David M , Hoggarth Julie A , Lentz David L , Kennett Douglas J
Published: July 2016

The ancient Maya community of Lamanai, Belize, is well known for its span of occupation from the Early Preclassic (before 1630 BC) to the present. Although most centers in the central and southern Maya Lowlands were abandoned during the Terminal Classic period (AD 750–1000), ceramic and stratigraphic evidence at Lamanai has shown continuous occupation from the start of the Early Preclassic to the Spanish Conquest. In this paper, we present the first complete set of radiocarbon dates from this important site, including 19 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dates. We use these dates to build Bayesian models for a Terminal Classic structure and an Early Postclassic structure in the site center. This method assists in the refinement of older, conventional dates and provides key chronological information about the site during this volatile time. Adjustments to the standard, uniform distribution model are made using exponential, long-tail, and trapezoidal distributions to incorporate outlier samples and more accurately portray ceramic phases. Because of changes in construction behavior in the Terminal Classic, it is difficult to acquire primary samples from this period, but there remains enough overlap between dates and ceramic phases to deduce persistent occupation at Lamanai during the transition from Late Classic to Postclassic times.
A numerical study of the application of vane and air-jet vortex
generators
Authors: Küpper C. , Henry F. S.
Published: July 2016

The objective of the work described in this paper was to identify differences in
the flow fields immediately downstream of air-jet and vane vortex generators.
The flows were assumed to be incompressible and fully turbulent and were solved
using the finite volume, Navier-Stokes code CFX 4 (CFDS, AEA Technology,
Harwell) on a non-orthogonal, body-fitted grid using the
k-ε turbulence model and standard wall functions.
The behaviour of the longitudinal vortices produced by the vanes and air jets is
presented in terms of stream-wise and cross-stream velocity profiles,
circulation and peak vorticity decay, peak vorticity paths in the cross-stream
and streamwise direction, cross-stream vorticity profiles, and cross-stream
distribution of shear stress. The predicted results show that the vanes and air
jets considered produce vortices with significantly different circulation
strengths, but that the enhancement of skin friction was of similar magnitude in
both cases.
Experimental study on the flow and noise characteristics of underexpanded notched slot jets
Authors: Verma S. B. , Rathakrishnan E.
Published: July 2016

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of notches on the flow and noise characteristics of 2:1 elliptic-slot jets. The effect of variation in notch geometry is also investigated. The presence of the notch is found to provide low-velocity regions in the notched-minor-axis plane thereby intensifying the jet growth along that plane. The interaction of these low-velocity regions with the mean flow results in shorter core-lengths. At under-expansion, the shock-cell lengths are weakened considerably in notched jets resulting in significant reductions in the overall jet noise level. Azimuthal directivity of elliptic jets indicate higher noise intensity radiated along major-axis ends relative to minor-axis sides. Notches seem to circumferentially modify the noise emission characteristics and significantly bring down the noise levels along major-axis-unnotched plane. Polar directivity indicates reduction in both shock noise and jet mixing noise in the forward quadrant.