bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningioma originating from the superior petrosal vein without dural attachment: A case report
Authors: Kim Yeong-Jin , Jung Shin , Jung Tae-Young , Moon Kyung-Sub , Kim In-Young
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) without dural attachment is extremely rare. We report a unique case of meningioma derived from the superior petrosal vein without dural attachment.

CASE SUMMARY

A 44-year-old right-handed woman presented with a two-month history of headache and tinnitus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined contrast-enhancing lesion in the right CPA without a dural tail sign. Tumor resection was performed using a right retro sigmoid approach. A dural attachment was not seen at the tentorium or posterior surface of the petrous pyramid. The tumor was firmly adherent to the superior petrosal vein. The origin site was cauterized and resected with the preservation of the superior petrosal vein. A diagnosis of meningothelial meningioma was made. The patient’s headache and tinnitus gradually disappeared, and a recurrence was not observed five years after the surgery.

CONCLUSION

The rare occurrence of meningioma without dural attachment makes it difficult to determine dural attachment before surgery. The absence of dural attachment makes it easy to completely resect such tumors. Vessels related to tumors should be removed carefully, considering the possible presence of tumor stem cells in the microvessels.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on supernumerary phantom limb pain in spinal cord injured patient: A case report
Authors: Park Hyo-Sik , Kim Jae-Hyung
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Supernumerary phantom limb (SPL) sensation is the experience of additional limbs, either single or a pair of limbs. Unique to traumatic spinal cord injuries, we report effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on SPL pain in a patient with cervical cord injury.

CASE SUMMARY

The subject was a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed with complete spinal cord injury (C6/C5, motor level; C5/C5, sensory level; AIS-A) approximately three months ago. After a period of 2 wk, we administered anodal tDCS over the motor cortex for 15 minutes at an intensity of 1.5 mA. Following that treatment, the patient experienced a decrease of SPL pain intensity and frequency, which lasted for 1 week after the end of treatment.

CONCLUSION

Targeting the motor cortex through neuromodulation appears to be a promising option for the management of SPL pain.
Brain abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus group: Three case reports
Authors: Tan Si-Di , Li Ming-Hui
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

This case series investigated the clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment of cerebral abscesses caused by Streptococcus anginosus . We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of three cases of cerebral abscesses caused by Streptococcus anginosus and conducted a comprehensive review of relevant literature.

CASE SUMMARY

Case 1 presented with a history of left otitis media and exhibited high fever, confusion, and vomiting as primary symptoms. Postoperative pus culture indicated a brain abscess caused by Streptococcus constellatus infection. Case 2 experienced dizziness for two days as the primary symptom. Postoperative pus culture suggested an intermediate streptococcal brain abscess. Case 3: Enhanced head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging revealed occupancy of the left temporal lobe, initially suspected to be a metastatic tumor. However, a postoperative pus culture confirmed the presence of a brain abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus infection. The three cases presented in this case series were all patients with community-acquired brain abscesses resulting from angina caused by Streptococcus group infection. All three patients demonstrated sensitivity to penicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, and levofloxacin. Successful treatment was achieved through stereotaxic puncture, drainage, and ceftriaxone administration with a six -week course of antibiotics.

CONCLUSION

Preoperative enhanced head MRI plays a critical role in distinguishing brain tumors from abscesses. Selecting the correct early diagnostic methods for brain abscesses and providing timely intervention are very important. This case series was in accordance with the CARE guidelines.
BLASTING BMAC: A NOVEL THERAPY TO IMPROVE HEALING IN FUSION SURGERY
Authors: Stewart S. , Darwood A. , Higgins C. , Masouros S. , Ramasamy A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Fusion represents an effective treatment option in patients affected by end-stage arthritis. To minimise the risk of non-union following fusion, biological preparations such as bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) are commonly used intra-operatively. Mechanotransduction represents an emerging field of research whereby physical stimuli can be used to modulate the behaviour and differentiation of cells. Blast waves (a subtype of shock waves) are one such physical stimulus. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the osteogenic potential of BMAC can be enhanced using a blast wave, and thus improve its efficacy in fusion surgery.

Methods

Human BMAC samples were obtained from three healthy patients and exposed to a single blast wave (peak overpressure= 50psi), before being placed in a suspension of mesenchymal stem cells, to represent the biological environment of the fusion site. Three test groups were used: MSC (the experimental control); MSC + BMAC; MSC + BMAC + blast wave. Calcium mineralisation assays were performed on the MSCs on Day 7 and 14 to assess for osteoblastic transformation.

Results

Calcium mineralisation on Day 7 was significantly increased in the MSC + BMAC group compared to the MSC group (mean percentage change 42.12 vs 0.0, p=0.012). The MSC + BMAC + blast wave group also demonstrated significantly increased levels compared to the MSC + BMAC group (84.56 vs. 42.14, p = 0.039). The difference in calcium mineralisation between the MSC and MSC + BMAC + blast wave groups was strongly significant (0.00 vs. 84.56, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Exposure of BMAC to a single blast wave enhances its osteogenic potential. This represents a potential novel way to improve healing following fusion surgery and reduce the rates of non-union.
ANATOMY OF THE TIBIAL NERVE IN RELATION TO THE TARSAL TUNNEL: A CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Ubillus H. , Mattos I. , Campos G. , Soares S. , Kennedy J.G.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Tibial nerve anatomy has not been studied profoundly in comparison to Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS). Assuming symptoms are caused by an anatomical variant or mechanical cause regarding the tibial nerve, it is essential to investigate the anatomy of this structure taking in consideration that surgical and conservative treatments have shown poor results.

Methods

40 lower-leg specimens were obtained. Dissection started 20 centimeters proximal to the Dellon-McKinnon (DM) line towards the medial aspect of the naviculo-cuneiform joint distally. Anteriorly, dissection began at the tibio-talar medial gutter until the medial aspect of the Achilles tendon posteriorly. The plantar aspect extended from medial to lateral within the parameters previously described, ending at the level of the second metatarsal.

Results

The flexor retinaculum had a denser consistency in 22.5% of the cases and the average length was 51.9 mm. The flexor retinaculum as an independent structure was found absent and 77.2% of cases as undistinguished extension of the crural fascia. The lateral plantar nerver (LPN) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) nerve shared same origin in 80% of cases, 34.5% bifurcated proximal to the DM line, 31.2% distally and 34.3% at the same level. The medial calcaneal nerve (MCN) emerged proximal to the DM line in 100% of specimens. The medial plantar nerve (MPN) has its origin proximal to the DM line in 95% of cases.

Conclusion

The flexor retinaculum is an extension of the crural fascia and not an independent structure. The LPN and ADM have the same origin in most cases and this presents as an important finding that must be studied in detail for clinical correlations between the motor and sensatory affections of the ADM and LPN respectively. Finally, the branches of the MCN and MPN are the most constant in their distribution and proximal origin in relation to the Dellon-McKinnon line.
PLANTAR STRUCTURES IN RELATION TO A STRAIGHT RETROGRADE HIND FOOT (RHF) NAIL INSERTED THROUGH A MIDLINE HEEL PAD APPROACH: A CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Hussain S. , Cinar E. N. , Baid M. , Acharya A.
Published: June 2024

Background

RHF nail is an important tool for simultaneous ankle and subtalar joint stabilisation +/− fusion. Straight and curved RHF nails are available to use, but both seem to endanger plantar structures, especially the lateral plantar artery and nerve and Baxter's nerve.

There is a paucity of literature on the structures at risk with a straight RHF nail inserted along a line bisecting the heel pad and the second toe (after Stephenson et al). In this study, plantar structures ‘at risk’ were studied in relation to a straight nail inserted as above.

Methods

Re-creating real-life conditions and strictly following the recommended surgical technique with regards to the incision and guide-wire placement, we inserted an Orthosolutions Oxbridge nail into the tibia across the ankle and subtalar joints in 6 cadaveric specimens. Tissue flaps were then raised to expose the heel plantar structures and studied their relation to the inserted nail.

Results

The medial plantar artery and nerve were always more than 10mm away from the medial edge of the nail, while the Baxter nerve was a mean 14mm behind. The lateral plantar nerve was a mean 7mm medial to the nail, while the artery was a mean 2.3mm away with macroscopic injury in one specimen. The other structures ‘at risk’ were the plantar fascia and small foot muscles.

Conclusion

Lateral plantar artery and nerve are the most vulnerable structures during straight RHF nailing. The risk to heel plantar structures could be mitigated by making incisions longer, blunt dissection down to bone, meticulous retraction of soft tissues and placement of the protection sleeve down to bone to prevent the entrapment of plantar structures during guide-wire placement, reaming and nail insertion.
PREDICTORS OF METALWORK FAILURE AND NONUNION AFTER HINDFOOT CHARCOT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Najefi A. A. , Chan O. , Zaidi R. , Hester T. , Kavarthapu V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Surgical reconstruction of deformed Charcot feet carries high risk of non-union, metalwork failure and deformity recurrence. The primary aim of this study was to identify the factors contributing to these complications following hindfoot Charcot reconstructions.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed patients who underwent hindfoot Charcot reconstruction with an intramedullary nail between 2007 and 2019 in our unit. Patient demographics, co-morbidities, weightbearing status and post-operative complications were noted. Metalwork breakage, non-union, deformity recurrence, concurrent midfoot reconstruction and the measurements related to intramedullary nail were also recorded.

Results

There were 70 patients with mean follow up of 50±26 months. Seventy-two percent were fully weightbearing at 1 year post-operatively. The overall union rate was 83%. Age, BMI, HbA1c and peripheral vascular disease did not affect union. The ratio of nail diameter and isthmus was greater in the united compared to the non-united group (0.90±0.06 and 0.86±0.09, respectively; p = 0.03). Supplemental compression devices were used for 33% of those in the united compared to 8% in the non-united group (p = 0.04). All patients in the non-union group did not have a miss-a-nail screw. Metalwork failure was seen in 13 patients(19%). There was a significantly greater distal screw metalwork failure in those with supplementary bridging of tibia to midfoot (23% vs. 3%; p = 0.001). An intact medial malleolus was found more frequently in those with intact metalwork (77% vs. 54%, respectively; p = 0.02) and those with union (76% vs. 50%; p = 0.02). Broken metalwork occurred more frequently in patients with non-unions (69% vs. 8%; p < 0.001) and deformity recurrence (69% vs. 9%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes occur in over 80% of patients. Union after hindfoot reconstruction occurs more frequently with an isthmic fit of the intramedullary nail, supplementary compression and miss-a-nail screws. An intact medial malleolus is protective against non-union and metalwork failure. Broken metalwork is linked to deformity recurrence and non-union.
Surviving Gender-Based Violence: A Social Ecological Approach to Migrant and Refugee Women's Resilience
Authors: Holtmann Catherine , Tastsoglou Evangelia , Dawson Myrna , Wilkinson Lori
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Many migrant and refugee women (MRW) experience different forms of gender-based violence (GBV) along the migratory pathway. GBV is rooted in intersecting structures of domination and extends beyond individual experiences to include the failure of policies and practices to protect women. In this article, through the lenses of "key informants" (KIs), we explore how MRW express resilience to GBV in the face of intersecting structural inequalities through resisting, adapting individual behaviours, navigating to resources and transforming relationships and self. Furthermore, drawing upon social ecological approaches to resilience, we examine the factors and processes of building resilience to GBV by MRW at the individual, relational, community and societal levels in Canada. Our research findings are based on thematic analysis of 43 qualitative interviews with KIs who are counsellors, shelter staff and directors, government staff, and settlement workers who provide services to MRW. Our empirical findings contribute to the research literature by identifying and fleshing out the particular expressions, complexities, supporting factors and processes of resilience to GBV by MRW in Canada. Résumé: De nombreuses femmes migrantes et réfugiées (FMR) subissent différentes formes de violence sexiste (VS) tout au long de leur parcours migratoire. La VS est ancrée dans des structures de domination qui se croisent et va au-delà des expériences individuelles pour inclure l'échec des politiques et des pratiques à la protection des femmes. Dans cet article, nous explorons, avec la perspective des "informateurs clés" (IC), la manière dont les femmes migrantes expriment leur résilience à la violence liée au sexe face aux inégalités structurelles qui se croisent, en résistant, en adaptant leurs comportements individuels, en accédant à des ressources et en transformant leurs relations et leur personnalité. En outre, en nous appuyant sur les approches socio-écologiques de la résilience, nous examinons les facteurs et les processus de renforcement de la résilience à la violence liée au sexe chez les femmes migrantes aux niveaux individuel, relationnel, communautaire et social au Canada. Les résultats de notre recherche sont basés sur l'analyse thématique de 43 entretiens qualitatifs avec des ICs qui sont des conseillers, des employés et des directeurs de refuges, des fonctionnaires et des travailleurs de l'établissement qui fournissent des services aux FMR. Nos résultats empiriques contribuent à la littérature de recherche en identifiant et en étoffant les expressions particulières, les complexités, les facteurs de soutien et les processus de résilience à la violence liée au sexe des FMR au Canada.
Practicing Conformity, Resistance and Resilience to Gender-Based Violence: Women Asylum Seekers in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Petrinioti Sandy , Tastsoglou Evangelia , Karagiannopoulou Chara
Published: June 2024

Abstract: In this paper, we use semi-structured interviews with 35 asylum-seeking women to elicit a narrative of their forced migration journey which included a stop in Turkey, a perilous sea crossing facilitated by smugglers and a stay in a European Union borderland, Greece. We explore their experiences with a focus on the adversities they faced, especially gender-based violence, woven in the broader violence of mobility under restrictive border and asylum regimes. Their interaction with the environment reveals a range of responses of conformity with, and resistance to, unequal social relations and discriminatory cultural practices. We conceptualize these responses as resilience, a process in the making, shaped by practices – thoughts, emotions and embodied acts – rather than an achieved state. We understand resilience as a process built through the use of personal but also communal resources, according to the social ecology model. In this paper, we focus on the individual resilient responses, the "resilient moves" of women in the refugee context of the Eastern Mediterranean. At the same time, the women's identifying and naming of the hardships they face point to the social structures that these hardships are rooted in, thus requiring interventions in social policies and institutional practices. Résumé: Dans cet article, nous utilisons des entretiens semi-structurés avec 35 femmes demandeuses d'asile pour obtenir un récit de leur voyage de migration forcée qui comprenait un arrêt en Turquie, une traversée périlleuse de la mer facilitée par des passeurs et un séjour dans un pays frontalier de l'Union européenne, la Grèce. Nous explorons leurs expériences en nous concentrant sur les adversités auxquelles elles ont été confrontées, en particulier la violence sexiste, qui s'inscrit dans la violence plus large de la mobilité dans le cadre de régimes restrictifs en matière de frontières et d'asile. Leur interaction avec l'environnement révèle une série de réponses de conformité et de résistance aux relations sociales inégales et aux pratiques culturelles discriminatoires. Nous concevons ces réponses comme de la résilience, un processus en cours d'élaboration, façonné par des pratiques – pensées, émotions et actes incarnés – plutôt que comme un état atteint. Nous concevons la résilience comme un processus qui se construit par l'utilisation de ressources personnelles mais aussi collectives, selon le modèle de l'écologie sociale. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrons sur les réponses résilientes individuelles, les "mouvements résilients" des femmes dans le contexte des réfugiés de la Méditerranée orientale. En même temps, l'identification et la désignation par les femmes des difficultés auxquelles elles sont confrontées mettent en évidence les structures sociales dans lesquelles ces difficultés sont enracinées, ce qui nécessite des interventions au niveau des politiques sociales et des pratiques institutionnelles.
Stardom, Cinephilia, and the Affective Contours of Bollywood's Soft Power in China
Authors: Rai Swapnil
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: Given multiple wars and border skirmishes, the India-China relationship has been defined through a lens of conflict with little attention paid to the potential affinities between the two. This article examines the stardom of Aamir Khan in China as an instantiation of stardom, cinematic affect, and audience agency that reveals deep-seated cultural resonances and affinities. Analyzing user comments about Khan on Chinese social media platforms Douban and Mtime, this article explicates the affective underpinnings of Khan's soft power. It illustrates how soft power through individual social actors can exist outside of state-centric media and exceed the boundaries of the nation-state.
Disability in the Civil War Era
Authors: Handley-Cousins Sarah , Barclay Jenifer L. , Williams Eaton Moyra , Franzino Jean , Johnson Allison M. , Pelka Fred
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This essay features a discussion among several scholars of disability in the Civil War era on the major themes and issues within this small field. The panelists, including both historians and literature scholars, reflect the interdisciplinary nature of disability studies and make the case for why disability analysis is critical to understanding of the Civil War era. Disability, they argue, enriches our studies of slavery and freedom, military service, federal power and bureaucracy, the home front and veteranhood. The panelists also consider paths for future research, such as increasing our use of material history and exploring disabled lives during Reconstruction.
Giorgia Meloni's Europe
Authors: Broder David
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: For a party that often accuses foreign media of conniving with the domestic opposition, Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy is oddly hungry for good reviews in the U.S. press. Even incidental positive remarks about the Italian prime minister are routinely broadcast across the party's Instagram and twitter accounts, while more critical notes get lost in translation. When Meloni visited President Joe Biden last July, the Washington Posttermed her a "rising star of the far right"; the pro-government Secolo d'Italiareworded it to "international rising star." Her colleagues were particularly enthused in February when CNN's Fareed Zakaria issued a four-minute homage to "Meloni's moment" as a European political heavyweight. Despite grim forecasts upon her election, Zakaria claimed, Meloni had achieved a "remarkable turnaround," proving herself as a stable Western ally, backing Ukraine, and even filling a leadership vacuum in the European Union left open since Angela Merkel's resignation as German chancellor in 2021. Brothers of Italy trumpeted his message far and wide.
The Criminalization of Solidarity: The Stop Cop City Prosecutions
Authors: Larabee Tadhg , Rosenfeld Eva
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: Just after sunrise on November 13, 2023, hundreds of protesters gathered in Gresham Park on Atlanta's outskirts. As they zipped up painted jumpsuits, a police helicopter circled overhead. It was the start of the latest action in a sprawling, decentralized campaign to stop construction of the Atlanta Public Safety training Center, better known as Cop City.
The BJP's Drive for Hegemony
Authors: Ruparelia Sanjay
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: In 2014, the Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party captured national power in the world's largest democracy. Under its controversial new leader, Narendra Modi, the BJP established India's first single-party majority government since 1984 and became the only party besides the Indian National Congress to accomplish this feat since the country won independence, in 1947. In the 2019 general election, despite a disappointing economic record, growing communal strife, and disruptive policy decisions, the BJP increased its vote share and seats in Parliament. The victory emboldened the party to further its longstanding agenda to transform India's secular constitutional democracy into a de facto Hindu nation. Modi remained popular throughout India's terrible pandemic. Now, with a return of high economic growth and the unity of opposition parties in question, most observers expect him to win the 2024 general election, which concludes in June.
Marvel World
Authors: Adler-Bell Sam
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: As a kid, my favorite superhero was Batman. For me, superheroes are all about their origin story—not necessarily how they got their superpowers (Batman, after all, doesn't have any), but why they're driven to super-heroism. And Batman's origin story is great: billionaire Bruce Wayne uses the financial bequest of his murdered parents to become strong enough to save them; only he can't do that, because they're already dead. So he spends his time compulsively regenerating the traumatic situation of their passing, inviting villainy and menace into his life, where it endangers whomever he loves. Batman is stuck in a loop, ever recreating the conditions for his primal failure, so that he may fail again. Freudians call this a "repetition compulsion." We might just call it misery; the only love he knows is failure.
A Surprise Breakthrough in Guatemala
Authors: Font Juan Luis
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: When Guatemalans voted in general elections last summer, those with democratic inclinations had few reasons for hope. The electoral authority had disqualified three presidential candidates for various reasons, which ultimately came down to one: the government wanted to prevent them from winning. The pro–status quo parties, associated with corruption and impunity, had an abundance of campaign funds. The ruling party managed to recruit nearly 150 of Guatemala's 340 incumbent mayors to support its reelection. Candidates critical of the government and its allies were labeled as leftists with no chance of winning.
A Historic Junction The Israeli Left After October 7
Authors: Abed Sally , Berda Yael , Cook Eli , Leifer Joshua
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: After more than two months of intensive bombardment, Israel's war in Gaza continues to exact a terrible human toll. As of this writing, Israeli forces have killed close to 20,000 Palestinians, the majority of them civilians. According to the United Nations, roughly 1.8 million people, or 80 percent of Gaza's population, have been internally displaced since the war's start. Within Israel, an atmosphere of tension, fear, and anger prevails. Massive billboards and banners draped across high-rises announce, "Together, We Will Win." Civilians and uniformed soldiers alike walk the streets armed with M-16s. Yet discontent with the government's conduct of the war has also begun to simmer. Hamas and other Palestinian factions continue to hold at least 120 Israelis hostage, but the Benjamin Netanyahu administration often refers to returning them as only a secondary priority. Against this backdrop, and despite mounting repression, left-wing Israeli organizers and anti-occupation activists have begun to return to the streets. Their demand: a ceasefire and a deal to free all the hostages. On December 6, Dissent spoke with three left-wing Israeli activist-thinkers about the challenges facing the Israeli left right now.
Muslim Women and Educational Reform in the Early-Twentieth-Century Southern Caucasus: Urbanization and Heterosocialization at the Dawn of Revolution
Authors: Rice Kelsey
Published: June 2024

Abstract: In 1901 the Empress Alexandra Russian Muslim Boarding School for Girls, better known as Taghiyev's Girls' School for the industrialist who founded it, opened in Baku to celebration in the press and to protests in the street. Its opening initiated a period of expanded educational opportunities for Muslim girls in the southern Caucasus and increased the visibility and social and political influence of Muslim women teachers. This article investigates how girls' schools marked a transformation in Muslim women's sociality in the southern Caucasus. Heterosocialization characterized this transformation, enabling women's participation in public life through venues such as the theater, the press, and voluntary associations. These late imperial transformations and the women who led them would play an important role in shaping early Soviet Azerbaijan.
Structural changes in the crystalline lens as a function of the postmortem interval assessed with two-photon imaging microscopy
Authors: Martínez-Ojeda Rosa M. , Prieto-Bonete Gemma , Perez-Cárceles María D. , Bueno Juan M.
Published: June 2024

The properties and structure of the crystalline lens change as time after death passes. Some experiments have suggested that these might be used to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI). In this study, the organization and texture of the rabbit lens were objectively evaluated as a function of the PMI using two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging microscopy. Between 24 h and 72 h, the lens presented a highly organized structure, although the fiber delineation was progressively vanishing. At 96 h, this turned into a homogeneous pattern where fibers were hardly observed. This behaviour was similar for parameters providing information on tissue texture. On the other hand, the fiber density of the lens is linearly reduced with the PMI. On average, density at 24 h was approximately two-fold when compared to 96 h after death. The present results show that TPEF microscopy combined with different quantitative tools can be used to objectively monitor temporal changes in the lens fiber organization after death. This might help to estimate the PMI, which is one of the most complex problems in forensic science.
Spectral and dynamical validity of the rotating-wave approximation in the quantum and semiclassical Rabi models [Invited]
Authors: Coleman H. F. A. , Twyeffort E. K.
Published: June 2024

Ultrastrong coupling (USC) in the quantum Rabi model, characterized by the breakdown of the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), has emerged as a topic of considerable interest and study. This critical reevaluation of the validity of the RWA concludes that the accepted definition of USC in terms of a fixed ratio of coupling to field frequency is inadequate. Connecting an improved spectral validity criterion with the derivation of the semiclassical limit suggests that the dynamical validity of the quantum RWA should be linked to that of the corresponding semiclassical model. This, however, is not supported by numerical calculations of coherent-state dynamics, which unambiguously demonstrate that spectral validity does not imply dynamical validity and reveal surprisingly complicated dependence on coupling and field amplitude.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics and nonlinear optical absorption of two-dimensional NiPS3 nanosheets
Authors: Gong Ziyao , Yan Lei , He Qinyong , Shen Dechao , Yang Yunqi , Ge Anping , Sun Liaoxin , Ma Guohong , Zhang Saifeng
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been extensively explored for various optoelectronic devices, showing tremendous application potential. Metal phosphorus trichalcogenide compounds are new intrinsic magnetic semiconductor materials that possess unique and excellent physical and optical properties. Among them, NiPS3 has a bandgap of 1.6 eV and is an intrinsic antiferromagnetic semiconductor. In our work, the nonlinear optical absorption and carrier dynamics of 2D NiPS3 nanosheets are studied by the I-scan system and time-resolved transient transmission spectroscopy. The thickness-dependent carrier relaxation time is obtained utilizing the pump-probe technique. The strong dependence of slow relaxation time on incident intensity is also reflected in the thick sample, which distinguishes the lattice thermal diffusion in 2D nanosheets from that of bulk. The saturation absorption and two-photon absorption coefficients are further achieved. Our results provide a perspective for the applications of NiPS3 nanosheets in optical devices such as micro saturable absorbers and on-chip ultrafast optical switches.
What should we call mental ill health? Historical shifts in the popularity of generic terms
Authors: Haslam Nick , Baes Naomi
Published: June 2024

Substantial attention has been paid to the language of mental ill health, but the generic terms used to refer to it–“mental illness”, “psychiatric condition”, “mental health problem” and so forth–have largely escaped empirical scrutiny. We examined changes in the prevalence of alternative terms in two large English language text corpora from 1940 to 2019. Twenty-four terms were studied, compounds of four adjectival expressions (“mental”, “mental health”, “psychiatric”, “psychological”) and six nouns (“condition”, “disease”, “disorder”, “disturbance”, “illness”, “problem”). Terms incorporating “condition”, “disease” and “disturbance” became less popular over time, whereas those involving “psychiatric”, “mental health” and “illness” became more popular. Although there were some trends away from terms with medical connotations and towards more normalizing expressions, “mental illness” consolidated its position as the dominant term over the study period.
The persistent benefits of decreasing default pill counts for postoperative narcotic prescriptions
Authors: Coppersmith Nathan , Sznol Joshua , Esposito Andrew , Flom Emily , Chiu Alexander , Yoo Peter
Published: June 2024

Background

In 2017, a university-based academic healthcare system changed the opioid default pill count from 30 to 12 pills. Modifying the electronic default pill count influences short-term clinician prescribing practices. We sought to understand the long-term impact on postoperative opioid prescribing habits after an opioid default pill count reduction.

Materials and methods

A retrospective electronic medical record system (EMRS) review was conducted in a healthcare system comprised of seven affiliated hospitals. Patients who underwent a surgical procedure and were prescribed an opioid on discharge between 2017–2021 were evaluated. All prescriptions were converted into morphine equivalents (MME). Analyses were performed with the chi-square test and Bonferonni adjusted t-test.

Results

191,379 surgical procedures were studied. The average quantity of opioids prescribed decreased from 32 oxycodone 5 mg tablets in 2017 to 21 oxycodone 5 mg tablets in 2021 (236 MME to 154 MME, p<0.001). The percentage of patients obtaining a refill within 90 days of surgery varied between 18.3% and 19.9% (p<0.001). Patients with a pre-existing opioid prescription and opioid-naïve patients both had significant reductions in prescription quantities above the default MME (79.7% to 60.6% vs. 65.3% to 36.9%, p<0.001). There was no significant change in refills for both groups (pre-existing 36.7% to 38.3% (p = 0.1) vs naïve 15.0% to 15.3% (p = 0.29)).

Conclusions

The benefits of decreasing the default opioid pill count continue to accumulate long after the original change. Physician uptake of small changes to default EMRS practices represents a sustainable and effective intervention to reduce the quantities of postoperative opioids prescribed without deleterious effects on outpatient opiate requirements.
A qualitative study on the Virtual Emergency Department care experiences of equity-deserving populations
Authors: Hall Justin N. , Vijayakumar Abirami , Reis Logan , Alamgir Akm , Kokorelias Kristina M. , Hemphill Julia , Pattni Noorin , Legere Laurie , Halperin Ilana J. , Di Prospero Lisa , Elman Debbie , Domb Sharon , Arafeh Dana , Ledwos Cliff , Sheppard Christine L. , Hitzig Sander L.
Published: June 2024

Patients from equity-deserving populations, such as those who are from racialized communities, the 2SLGBTQI+ community, who are refugees or immigrants, and/or who have a disability, may experience a unique set of challenges accessing virtual models of care. The objective of this qualitative study was to describe the experiences of patients from equity-deserving communities and their family members who received care from a Virtual Emergency Department (ED) in Toronto, Canada. Forty-three participants (36 patients and 7 family caregivers) with different and intersecting identities who used the Virtual ED participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore reasons for accessing the Virtual ED, barriers to access, and how the Virtual ED met their care needs and expectations, including ways their experience could have been improved. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the data. Patients from equity-deserving populations described negative past experiences with ED in-person care, which included recounts of discrimination or culturally insensitive care while waiting to see the ED physician or nurse. Conversely, participants found the Virtual ED to be a socially and culturally safe space since they could now by-pass the waiting room experience. However, virtual care could not replace in-person care for certain issues (e.g., physical exam), and there was a need for greater promotion of the service to specific communities that might benefit from having access to the Virtual ED. Targeted outreach to help raise awareness of the service to equity-deserving communities is an important future direction.
Vorolanib, sunitinib, and axitinib: A comparative study of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors and their anti-angiogenic effects
Authors: Bakri Sophie J. , Lynch Jeff , Howard-Sparks Michelle , Saint-Juste Stephan , Saim Said
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Pathological angiogenesis and vascular instability are observed in diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD). Many receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) contribute to angiogenesis, whereas the RTK TIE2 is important for vascular stability. Pan-VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as vorolanib, sunitinib, and axitinib are of therapeutic interest over current antibody treatments that target only one or two ligands. This study compared the anti-angiogenic potential of these TKIs.

Methods

A kinase HotSpot™ assay was conducted to identify TKIs inhibiting RTKs associated with angiogenesis and vascular stability. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for VEGFRs and TIE2 was determined for each TKI. In vitro angiogenesis inhibition was investigated using a human umbilical vein endothelial cell sprouting assay, and in vivo angiogenesis was studied using the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Melanin binding was assessed using a melanin-binding assay. Computer modeling was conducted to understand the TIE2-axitinib complex as well as interactions between vorolanib and VEGFRs.

Results

Vorolanib, sunitinib, and axitinib inhibited RTKs of interest in angiogenesis and exhibited pan-VEGFR inhibition. HotSpot™ assay and TIE2 IC50 values showed that only axitinib potently inhibited TIE2 (up to 89%). All three TKIs effectively inhibited angiogenesis in vitro. In vivo, TKIs were more effective at inhibiting VEGF-induced angiogenesis than the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab. Of the three TKIs, only sunitinib bound melanin. TKIs differ in their classification and binding to VEGFRs, which is important because type II inhibitors have greater selectivity than type I TKIs.

Conclusions

Vorolanib, sunitinib, and axitinib exhibited pan-VEGFR inhibition and inhibited RTKs associated with pathological angiogenesis. Of the three TKIs, only axitinib potently inhibited TIE2 which is an undesired trait as TIE2 is essential for vascular stability. The findings support the use of vorolanib for therapeutic inhibition of angiogenesis observed in DR, DME, and wAMD.
Staying alive: Transcendence and immanence in contemporary painting1
Authors: O’Kane Paul
Published: June 2024

This article is initiated by the writer’s response to a criticism from an editor that they ‘cleave to the transcendent in art’ and also inspired by the discovery of James McMullan’s 1970s illustrations for New York Magazine, which formed the aesthetic and narrative basis for the Saturday Night Fever movie. These two, seemingly unconnected factors, come together to conjure and weave a discussion of the relative qualities and values of immanence and transcendence. It uses examples drawn from art and with particular reference to a range of painters with greatly differing styles, and from different eras, but compared and considered here as con-temporary (sharing the time of the article and its writing).
‘Thingly’ forms in Guston Reloaded: Filipo Caramazza at Handel Street Projects
Authors: Key Joan
Published: June 2024

The paintings by Filippo Caramazza were made during years of protracted expectation of the major retrospective of paintings: Philip Guston Now. Delay was caused by significant debate between major receiving institutions as to their responsibilities when exposing provocative imagery to public view. Potential for misjudgement was a foremost concern in planning publications and installations. As if to manage a sense of deprivation, Caramazza imaginatively substitutes the real paintings, currently withheld, as postcard re-presentations, as if to mark their existence in absentia. The faithful painterly address to detail of image and technique suggest his reverence for the presence of the original works without attempting to replicate their powerful impression. The passive form of copying, a ‘humble address’ to the original paintings, stands in contrast with the authoritative nature of the institutional debate. Much of the concern with public reception of the paintings focused on issues raised by the contemporary ‘Black Lives Matter’ movement and references to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) within Guston’s work. Effectively the museums decided to acknowledge but defuse problematic content. This article takes the view that the politics of Guston’s paintings address sociopolitical and personal issues generally, as well as formal painterly issues in contemporary American painting. Taking these ideas further, Caramazza’s paintings offer an opportunity to consider how museums shape critical and theoretical narratives in the construction of displays and a consideration of how painting may act as a critical witness.
Full of Days, Hermione Burton and Andy Holden
Authors: David Karen
Published: June 2024

Review of: Full of Days, Hermione Burton and Andy Holden

The Gallery of Everything, London, 19 March–30 April 2023
La pedagogía ante el desafío digital: nuevas materialidades
Authors: Sánchez-Rojo Alberto , Alonso-Sainz Tania , Martín-Lucas Judith
Published: June 2024

Hasta ahora, la materialidad de las cosas ha sido entendida de dos maneras que venían dadas por su tangibilidad. Por un lado, como meros medios, a nuestro servicio, y, por otro, como objetos con capacidad de influir en nosotros, llegando incluso a educarnos. La realidad onlife en la que vivimos actualmente nos está obligando a pensar en esta materialidad de una forma no supeditada a su carácter tangible. Esta forma renovada de ver, pensar y entender el mundo reclama de la pedagogía que, desde sus propios principios, conozca las gramáticas que la constituyen con el fin de poder definir las orientaciones educativas más adecuadas. Ese es el objetivo principal de este trabajo. Para ello, utilizaremos una metodología interpretativa y crítica de análisis documental, desde una perspectiva normativo-pedagógica. En primer lugar, nos centramos en los objetos de Inteligencia Artificial, susceptibles de convertirse en un futuro próximo en las principales herramientas a través de las cuales educar. En segundo lugar, nos ocupamos de los espacios educativos, con especial atención a las aulas del futuro y a su carácter o no de lugares. En tercer lugar, atendemos a los cuerpos en el contexto educativo a través del papel de los edu-influencers. Concluimos nuestro trabajo señalando que nos encontramos ante una nueva materialidad, intangible, pero de igual modo material, que está empujándonos a educar(nos) en y para un contexto cada vez menos abierto a la novedad y a la pluralidad, y, por lo tanto, menos humano. Rehumanizar el mundo onlife deberá pasar forzosamente por una educación que potencie la construcción de una singularidad propia en cada individuo, al mismo tiempo abierta a acoger la de los demás.
Hacia un marco ético de la inteligencia artificial en la educación
Authors: Alonso-Rodríguez Ana María
Published: June 2024

Este artículo reflexiona sobre el uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en educación desde una perspectiva ética. Lo hace desde un punto de vista externo, considerando su incidencia en los contextos educativos como vivero de los desafíos éticos y políticos que encara la sociedad. Esto permite dimensionar su alcance y profundidad y proponer medidas para afrontarlos.
Sus objetivos se enfocan hacia las bases éticas de la Inteligencia Artificial relacionada con la actividad educativa, buscando identificar: las oportunidades, riesgos asociados y su impacto ético en educación; y b) los principios éticos que puedan guiar el desarrollo, despliegue y uso de estos sistemas inteligentes.
Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo, apoyado en una metodología de revisión bibliográfica de: (i) trabajos académicos sobre sus usos actuales y riesgos potenciales de la Inteligencia Artificial; y (ii) un análisis comparativo de distintos códigos éticos, explorando la convergencia de principios aplicables a Sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial en los contextos educativos.
Los resultados obtenidos, en primer lugar, sitúan los problemas identificados en la tradición ética, cuestionando la proliferación de subdominios de la disciplina. Se indaga, después, la posibilidad de un marco ético unificado que evite la superposición de principios para cada dominio específico. Se constata la utilidad de un marco ampliamente reconocido e influyente, cuyos principios se adaptan bien a los desafíos de la educación.
Se concluye señalando las líneas en las que se debe avanzar en la investigación: (I) fundamentación ética y regulación normativa para el desarrollo y uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en educación conforme a los principios seleccionados; y (II) definición del nuevo perfil profesional docente y sus implicaciones para la formación inicial del profesorado.
Avaliação Individual Presencial Apoiada por Computador com Dinâmica Circular e Correção Coletiva
Authors: Vescovi Netto Hylson , De la Rocha Ladeira Ricardo
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTAssessment is a stage in the learning process that is part of qualityeducation. The traditional printed written assessment is simpleto carry out but imposes prolonged tension on the student whenapplying it. Computer-supported assessment solutions are limitedby the number of computers in computer labs, which are oftensmaller than the number of students and do not resolve the issue ofprolonged tension. This work presents a new assessment strategycalled circular dynamics in which the application of questions isalternated between students, using a random selection of questions.Furthermore, a correction strategy called collective correction presentsthe answers anonymously and grouped by question, whichcan be corrected together with the students, promoting more fairnessin scoring and providing feedback. A free system prototypecalled Serena was implemented in march 2020 and since 2021 ithas demonstrated positive results in the application of these twostrategies.
Validação do Conceito Gêmeo Digital na Robótica Móvel
Authors: Henrique Del Conte Gustavo , Feliphe dos Santos Jean , Eduardo Magrin Carlos
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTInspired by the article "Creating a Digital Twin as an Open SourceLearning Tool for Mobile Robotics" [17], this project aims to validatethe concept of Digital Twin by virtualizing the Tupy mobilerobot platform, developed by the ROSIE group at the Universityof Curitiba (UniCuritiba), for educational purposes. Thegoal is to explore cyber-physical systems and apply Industry 4.0concepts, using the Robot Operating System (ROS) as the centralsystem. The Tupy robot integrates with the Raspberry Pi (RPi)and Arduino Uno platforms through the ROS Melodic framework,allowing it to collect information from the mobile robot and controlit remotely. Thus, successfully implementing the Digital Twinof Mobile Robot (DTMR) enables information exchange betweendifferent development platforms and virtualization in the CoppeliaSim- EDU simulator. The files for this project are available onhttp://github.com/rosie-projects/dtmr_tupy.