bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel five‐membered ring formation by oxidative photocyclization of 4‐(2‐arylvinyl)benzo[a]quinolizinium salts
Authors: Arai Sadao , Yoda Hiroe , Sato Kiyoshi , Yamagishi Takamichi
Published: March 2009

Oxidative photocyclization of 4‐(2‐arylvinyl)benzo[a]quinolizinium salts (6) gave five‐ or six‐mem‐bered rings depending on the aryl substituent. The olefins 6a and 6b with a phenyl or naphthyl substituent resulted in a normal six‐membered ring formation to afford 6a‐azoniapicene and 6a‐azoniabenzo[b]picene salts (7 and 8), respectively. In contrast, the photo‐reaction of pyridyl substituted derivative 6c resulted in novel five‐membered ring formation to yield 3b‐azonia‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)acephenanthrylene salt (10).
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of certain new arylazothiazole containing compounds
Authors: El‐Meligie Salwa , El‐Awady Raafat A.
Published: March 2009

2‐Amino‐5‐arylazo‐4‐(2‐chlorophenyl)thiazoles (2a‐e) were prepared by the coupling of aryldiazonium chlorides with 2‐amino‐4‐(2‐chlorophenyl) thiazole (1). The thioureas 3a‐e were obtained by condensing the arylazothiazoles 2a‐c with the appropriate isothiocyanates. Reaction of 2d with aromatic aldehydes afforded the chalcone analogues 4a‐c. The pyridone derivatives 5a,b were synthesized by reacting the ketone 2d with different aromatic aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate and ammonium acetate. On the other hand, 5b was also prepared by cyclizing 4c with ethyl cyanoacetate and ammonium acetate. Furthermore, 6‐chloroimidazo[2,l‐b]‐thiazole 7 was obtained from the acid derivative 6b by treatment with POC13. While, the imidazo[2,l‐b]‐thiazolones 9a‐d were produced by the cyclization of the chloroacetyl derivatives 8a‐d with DMAP/pyri‐dine. Representative examples of the prepared compounds were tested for in vitro antitumor activity against two human tumor cell lines. Some compounds showed activity against brain tumor cell lines.
New domino‐reaction for the synthesis of N4‐(5‐aryl‐1,3‐oxathiol‐2‐yliden)‐2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐amines and 4‐[4‐aryl‐5‐(2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐yl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]morpholine
Authors: Fathalla Walid , Pazdera Pavel , Marek Jaromír
Published: March 2009

The model morpholine‐1‐carbothioic acid (2‐phenyl‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ylidene) amide (1) reacts with phenacyl bromides to afford N4‐(5‐aryl‐1,3‐oxathiol‐2‐yliden)‐2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐amines (4) or N4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1,3‐oxathiol‐2‐yliden)‐2‐phenyl‐4‐aminoquinazoline (5) by a thermodynamically controlled reversible reaction favoring the enolate intermediate, while the 4‐[4‐aryl‐5‐(2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐yl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]morpholine (8) was produced by a kinetically controlled reaction favoring the C‐anion intermediate. 1H nmr, 13C nmr, ir, mass spectroscopy and x‐ray identified compounds (4), (5) and (8).
Reactivity study on morpholine‐1‐carbothioic acid (2‐phenyl‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ylidene) amide
Authors: Fathalla Walid , Pazdera Pavel , Čajan Michal , Marek Jaromír
Published: March 2009

Regioselective reactions of morpholine‐1‐carbothioic acid (2‐phenyl‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ylidene) amide (1) with electrophiles and nucleophiles were studied. The compound (1) reacts with alkyl halides in basic medium to afford S‐substituted isothiourea derivatives, with amines to give 1,1‐disubstituted‐3‐(2‐phenyl‐3H‐quinazolin‐4‐ylidene) thioureas and l‐substituted‐3‐(2‐phenyl‐quinazolin‐4‐yl) thioureas via transami‐nation reaction. The reaction of (1) with amines in the presence of H2O2 provided N4‐disubstituted‐N'4‐(2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐yl)morpholin‐4‐carboximidamide via oxidative desulfurization. Estimation of reactivity sites on (1) was supported using the ab initio (HF/6‐31G**) quantum chemistry calculations. The ir, 1H nmr, 13C nmr, mass spectroscopy and x‐ray identified the isolated products.
Synthesis of novel fused tricyclic quinolones: 4a,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐[1;2,4]triazino[1,6‐a]quinoline‐2,4,6(3H)‐triones
Authors: Edmont Dolorès , Marot Christophe , Chenault Jacques
Published: March 2009

A versatile methodology to build the 1H‐[1,2,4]triazino[1,6‐a]quinoline‐2,4,6(3H)‐trione structure from methyl 6‐fluoro4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydro‐2‐quinolinecarboxylate was developed. The method involves an N‐ami‐nation followed by condensation of an aroyl isocyanate to form an alpha semicarbazidocarboxylate that readily cyclizes to the fused [1,2,4]triazino ring under ammonia/ethanol condition. Also, the reactivity of the [1,2,4]triazino ring thus obtained was studied.
Preparation of 3‐aminoalkylbenzo[b]thiophenes
Authors: Burkamp Frank , Fletcher Stephen R.
Published: March 2009

We report an efficient entry into substituted 3‐(ω‐aminoalkyl)‐benzo[b]thiophenes that allows rapid generation of structural diversity. Alkylation of α,ω‐dihaloketones with thiophenols followed by acid‐catalysed cyclisation led to an efficient synthesis of 3‐(ω‐aminoalkyl)benzo[b]thiophenes. 2‐Carboethoxy derivatives were prepared using a directed ortho‐metallation approach. These derivatives were readily converted into the corresponding amines.
Synthesis of 7‐aza‐5,8,10‐trideazafolic acid and its 4‐amino‐derivative as potential antifolates
Authors: Wollein Günther , Troschütz Reinhard
Published: March 2009

o‐Aminoamide 8, an intermediate in our multistep synthesisof the title compounds was prepared from 1,3‐diketone 3. The following condensation of 8 with chloroformamidine‐HCl (9) gave pyrido[3,4‐d]pyrimidine 10. Dehydratisation of amide 8 led to o‐aminonitrile 15, which was cyclocondensated with guanidine (16) to yield pyrido[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diamine 17. Coupling of the acids 11 and 18 with diethyl L‐glutamate (12) and following saponification provided 7‐aza‐5,8,10‐trideazafolic acid 14 and its 4‐amino‐derivative 20.
Carbocyclic galanthamin analogs: 4a,5,9,10,11,12‐hexahydro‐6H‐benzo[b]cyclohepta[cd]benzofurans
Authors: Treu Matthias , Hametner Christian , Frohlich Johannes , Jordis Ulrich , Mereiter Kurt
Published: March 2009

The synthesis of a novel unnatural carbocyclic analog of the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor galanthamine with a K3[Fe(CN)6] promoted oxidative tandem cyclization as the key step is reported.
Synthesis of some [1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]quinoline derivatives
Authors: Stýskala Jakub , Slouka Jan , Lycka Antonín
Published: March 2009

By coupling of diazonium salts with ethyl N‐(4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2‐yl)carbamate 4, the corresponding 3‐arylazocompounds 5 were obtained. These ones were cyclized thermally or in alkaline medium to the corresponding 2‐aryl‐2,3,5,10‐tetrahydro‐[1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]quinolin‐3,10‐diones 6. Compounds 6 were transformed by alkaline hydrolytic splitting to the corresponding 2‐amino‐3‐arylazo‐1,4‐dihydroquino‐lin‐4‐ones 7. Starting carbamate 4 was prepared by a two‐step synthesis from 2‐amino‐1,4‐dihydroquinolin‐4‐one 1.
Synthesis of 3‐thiocyanato‐1H,3H‐quinoline‐2,4‐diones
Authors: Klásek Antonín , Polis Jirí , Mrkvička Vladimír , Košmrlj Janez
Published: March 2009

4‐Hydroxy‐1H‐quinolin‐2‐ones (1) react with thiocyanogen in acetic acid to the corresponding 3‐thiocyanato‐1H,3H‐quinoline‐2,4‐diones (2) in good yields. In some cases, 3‐bromo‐1H,3H‐quinoline‐2,4‐diones (4) were isolated as minor reaction products. Compounds 2 are very reactive towards nucleophiles and easily hydrolyze to the corresponding 4‐hydroxy‐1H‐quinoline‐2‐ones (1).
New azabenzoquinones by ring‐expansion reactions
Authors: Poschenrieder H. , Stachel H.‐D. , Wiesend B. , Polborn K.
Published: March 2009

Ozonolysis of the pyrrolidinediones 4 afforded the pyrrolidinetriones 5, which in the presence of Lewis acids were converted into maleimide 6. Analogously, ozonolysis of the pyrrolidinones 7 gave the pyrrolidinediones 8, which were converted into the pyridinetriones 11a, b via Lewis acid catalyzed isomerization to yield the trihydroxypyridones 10 and ensuing air oxidation. In solution two tautomeric forms of the pyridinetriones 11 may exist both of which represent hydroxy‐azabenzoquinones. In two steps compounds 11 were transformed into the azaquinone derivatives 19. Representatives of another type of azaquinones are compounds 28a, b. These were generated in two steps from the pyridones 25. The azaquinone 28a reacted easily with acidic compounds yielding the adducts 26, 27 and 29 or with 2‐butenal forming the cycloadduct 30.
New heterocycles from 8‐hydroxyquinoline via dipolar 1,3‐cycloadditions: Synthesis & biological evaluation
Authors: Bahloul Abdelmejid , Sebban Abdelfatah , Dardari Zainaba , Boudouma Mohammed , Kitane Said , Belghiti Touria , Joly Jean‐Pierre
Published: March 2009

Diarylnitrilimine and arylnitriloxide dipoles react with two 8‐hydroxyquinoline substrates to give respectively pyrazolinic and isoxazolinic derivatives. The structure of these new heterocycles was established on the basis of their spectroscopic data and by chemical methods. The inhibition activity of one of these heterocycles was evaluated in vitro against 8 pathogenic μ‐organisms.
Synthesis and bioactivity of xyridin A and B, metabolites fromxyris indica
Authors: Saeed Aamer
Published: March 2009

A facile synthesis of the title isocoumarins isolated from.Xyris indicawas accomplished. Condensation of butanoyl chloride and 2‐oxo‐butanoyl chloride with 3,4‐methylenedioxyhomophthalic acid afforded xyridin A and xyridin B respectively. Xyridin A was saponified to the corresponding keto acid which on reduction furnished the (±)‐3,4‐dihydro‐6,7‐methylenedioxy‐3‐propylisocoumarin. All of the synthesized compounds were examinedin vitrofor antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Synthesis of lariat ethers with pendent amine, amide, O‐benzylhydroxamate, and urethane groups
Authors: Elshani Sadik , Hwang Hong‐Sik , Pugia Michael J. , Krzykawski Jan , Bartsch Richard A.
Published: March 2009

Synthetic routes to twenty‐six new crown ether compounds with pendent amine, amide, O‐benzylhydrox‐amate, and urethane groups are reported. The new lariat ether compounds are based on sym‐dibenzo‐16‐crown‐5, sym‐dicyclohexano‐16‐crown‐5, and 14‐crown‐4 scaffolds.
Oximes as intermediates or final products in reactions of nitroheteroarenes with nucleophiles in the presence of sodium methoxide‐methanol system
Authors: Suwińaski J. , Świerczek K. , Wagner P. , Kubicki M. , Borowiak T. , Stowikowska J.
Published: March 2009

It has been shown that reactions of 4‐nitroimidazoles and some other nitroaromatic systems with phenyl‐acetonitrile in the presence of sodium methoxide in methanol lead to the reduction of the nitro to nitroso group and to the nucleophilic displacement of hydrogen atom at the ring by the respective carbanion followed by tautomerization of the nitroso compound to an oxime. Similar reactions of 4‐nitroimidazoles with such nucleophiles as anions generated from 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole occur with the ring transformation of imidazole into 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives sometimes undergoing further processes in the reaction medium. Structures of some products have been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Novel Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐4‐oxo‐(2H)‐pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido‐[2,1‐b]benzothiazole and its 2‐ and 3‐Substituted Derivatives
Authors: Baheti K. G. , Kuberkar S. V.
Published: March 2009

Reaction of 4H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazole‐2‐thiomethyl‐3‐cyano‐4‐one (1) with hydrazine hydrate/aryl hydrazine/heteryl hydrazine in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate and dimethyl formamide afforded 3‐amino‐4‐oxo‐(2H)/aryl/heteryl pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles in good yield. These pyrazole derivatives on diazotization followed by replacement with hydroxy, chloro, bromo, iodo and on reduction gave the corresponding 3‐substituted derivatives.
Photochemistry of trifluromethyl substituted 1‐methylpyrazoles
Authors: Pavlik James W. , Na Ayudhaya Theppawut Israsena , Pandit Chennagiri R. , Tantayanon Supawan
Published: March 2009

Trifluromethyl substitution on the pyrazole ring was found to enhance photoreactivity via the P4 pathway which involves interchange of the N2‐C3 ring atoms. Thus, 1‐methyl‐3‐(trifluromethyl)pyrazole (1) and 1‐methyl‐5‐(trifluromethyl)pyrazole (3) transposed with a P4/P6 or P4/P6+P7 ratio of 2.1:1. 1‐methyl‐4‐(trifluromethyl)pyrazole (2) transposed regiospecifically by the P4 transposition pathway. Compounds 2 and 3 were also observed to undergo photocleavage to yield enaminonitrile and enaminoisocyanide products.
New trends in the chemistry of condensed heteromacrocycles part B: Macrocyclic formazans
Authors: Ibrahim Yehia A. , Abbas Ashraf A. , Elwahy Ahmed H. M.
Published: March 2009

This review article, covering the literature from 1979 to 2002, deals with the main strategies for the synthesis of macrocyclic crown formazans as well as their specific syntheses. Reactivities and applications of these compounds are also in focus.
A new biginelli reaction procedure using potassium hydrogen sulfate as the promoter for an efficient synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one
Authors: Tu Shujiang , Fang Fang , Zhu Songlei , Li Tuanjie , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhuang Qiya
Published: March 2009

Simple and improved conditions have been found to carry out the Biginelli reaction for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives. This synthesis was performed using potassium hydrogen sulfate as the promoter in ethylene glycol solution. Compared with the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method has the advantage of excellent yields (85–95%) and short reaction time (0.5–2 h).
Synthesis of substituted 3‐(5‐amino‐[1,3,4]thiadiazol‐2‐yl)‐2H‐pyrano[2,3‐c]pyridin‐2‐ones
Authors: Zhuravel' Irina O. , Kovalenko Sergiy M. , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V. , Chernykh Valentin P. , Shinkarenko Pavlo E.
Published: March 2009

An efficient two‐step synthesis of novel 3‐(5‐amino‐[1,3,4]thiadiazol‐2‐yl)‐2H‐pyrano[2,3‐c]pyridine‐2‐ones was developed. In the first step, a new 2H‐pyrano[2,3‐c]pyridine‐3‐carboxamide 5 was prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of pyridoxal hydrochloride with cyanoacetamide. In the second step, the reaction of carboxamide 5 with a series of N4‐substituted thiosemicarbazides yielded a library of 35 dis crete compounds 8{1–35} in high yields. The intermolecular recyclization mechanism leading to these products is discussed.
Synthesis of lipophilic lariat ethers with pendant N‐(X)sulfonyl carboxamide groups
Authors: Hu Hui , Bartsch Richard A.
Published: March 2009

Synthetic routes to sixteen lipophilic lariat ether N‐(X)sulfonyl carboxamides with X = trifluoromethyl, methyl, phenyl, and p‐nitrophenyl are described. For this new family of proton‐ionizable lariat ethers in which the acidity can be ‘tuned’ by X group variation, the ring size is systematically varied from 12‐crown‐4 to 14‐crown‐4 to 15‐crown‐5 to 18‐crown‐6.
Diastereoselective synthesis of substituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepine‐5‐carboxylic esters by a tandem reduction‐reductive animation reaction
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Johnson Lara B. , Holt Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2009

An efficient, diastereoselective synthesis of substituted and unsubstituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepine‐5‐carboxylic esters has been developed based on the tandem reduction‐reductive amination reac tion. Catalytic hydrogenation of a series of 2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐oxoalkanoic esters initiates a reaction sequence involving (1) reduction of the aromatic nitro group, (2) condensation of the N‐hydroxylamino (or amino) nitrogen with the side chain carbonyl, and (3) reduction of the seven‐membered cyclic imine. Cyclizations that produce 2‐alkyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepine‐5‐carboxylic esters are diastereose lective for the product having the C2 alkyl and the C5 ester groups cis. In these reactions, the transannular ester group exerts a strong stereodirecting effect on the reduction of the cyclic imine intermediate, though not as strong as that observed in previous closures of 2‐alkyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐4‐carboxylic esters. This decrease in diastereoselectivity is attributed to (1) the greater distance between the ester and the imine double bond and (2) the increased conformational mobility of the larger ring, both of which diminish the stereodirecting effect of the ester. Finally, formation of the seven‐membered ring is sufficiently slow that reaction with the side chain ester group competes with heterocycle formation in several of the reactions.
New N6‐substituted 8‐alkyl‐2‐phenylmethylsulfanyl‐adenines. II
Authors: Biagi Giuliana , Giorgi Irene , Livi Oreste , Pacchini Federica , Scartoni Valerio , Salerni Oreste Leroy
Published: March 2009

Title compounds bearing substituents on C(2), C(6) and C(8) were prepared from a newly synthesized pyrimidine derivative 11. The new pyrimidine 11 was generated from compound 2 through two different synthetic schemes. In one pathway, compound 2 was nitrosated, reduced and alkylated to produce com pounds 9, 10 and 11 respectively (Scheme). In an alternate route using compound 2 as the starting material, a coupling reaction using the diazonium salt derived from p‐methylaniline afforded the azo derivative 7, which was subsequently alkylated and reductively cleaved to form compounds 8 and 11 respectively (See Scheme). Compound 11 was annulated to the corresponding hypoxanthine derivatives 12–14; compounds 12 and 13 were chlorinated with phosphorus oxychloride, then reacted with amines to yield compound 17 and 20 respectively. Compounds 21, 22 and 23 were obtained by oxidation of the corresponding sulfide as depicted in Scheme. Alkylation of the thiol function of 1 gave a mixture of 3 and 4. Compound 3 was chlo rinated to 5. Nitration of 5 resulted in electrophilic aromatic substitution of the aryl ring and concomitant oxidation of the sulfide to the sulfoxide, producing 6.
4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐3‐(5‐phenyl‐2E,4E‐pentadien‐1‐oyl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one: Synthesis and reactivity with amines
Authors: Aït‐Baziz Nabila , Rachedi Yahia , Hamdi Maamer , Silva Artur M. S. , Balegroune F. , Thierry Roisnel , Sellier N.
Published: March 2009

The synthesis and reactivity studies of 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐3‐(5‐phenyl‐2E,4E‐pentadien‐1‐oyl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one 2 with nucleophiles are reported. Reactions of 2 with hydrazine derivatives gave new pyrazole‐type com pounds while the reaction with ortho‐phenylenediamines yielded 1,5‐benzodiazepines. The reaction of 2 with ethylamine implies the 2H‐pyran‐2‐one ring opening and the formation of a strong conjugated compound 3.
Synthesis of 5H‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,3‐a][2]benzazepines from the baylis‐hillman adducts of 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes
Authors: Ko Seung Ho , Lee Kee‐Jung
Published: March 2009

The facile synthesis of 5H‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,3‐a][2]benzazepines 5a‐d by the intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 2‐alkynylphenylallyl azides 4a‐d is described. The latter were readily obtained from 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes 1a‐d through the Baylis‐Hillman adducts 2a‐d followed by acetylation to compounds 3a‐d and nucleophilic substitution by azide to compounds 4a‐d.
The cleavage of heterocyclic compounds in organic synthesis II Use of 5‐nitroisatine for synthesis of various nitrogenous heterocycles
Authors: Hlaváč Jan , Soural Miroslav , Hradil Pavel , Fryšová Iveta , Slouka Jan
Published: March 2009

The reactions of 5‐nitroisatine were studied with nucleophiles like heterocyclic amines and alkaline hydroxide. With the use of alkaline hydroxide it was converted into 2‐amino‐5‐nitrophenylglyoxylic acid 2, with piperidine, morpholine and carbethoxypiperazine to its amides 4a‐4c or by oxidation to 5‐nitroanthranilic acid 7. This acid was used for synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐6‐nitro‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐quinolin‐4‐one 10. Semicarbazone of 5‐nitroisatine 11 was converted to 5‐(2‐amino‐5‐nitrophenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,2,4‐triazine‐3,5‐dione 12. Cyclocondensation of this compound to afford 8‐nitro‐2,3‐dihydro‐5H‐[1,2,4]triazino‐[5,6‐b]indol‐3‐one 13 was unsuccessful.
Unexpected formation of 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐azolyl‐and azinylisoquinolines by the reduction of the corresponding isoquinolinium salts with sodium borohydride in methanol
Authors: Prauda Ibolya , Tóth‐Lauritz Mária , Reiter József
Published: March 2009

The reduction of different 2‐azolyl‐and azinylisoquinolinium salts with sodium borohydride in methanol was studied. Surprisingly, contrary to what is found in the literature 1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline derivatives were obtained. Their formation was attributed to the electron withdrawing character of the heterocyclic ring in position 2 of the isoquinolinium moiety. This was corroborated by synthesis and reduction of differently substituted 2‐phenyl‐ and 2‐methylisoquinolinium salts.
Synthesis of classical and nonclassical 2‐amino‐4‐oxo‐6‐benzylthieno‐[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as potential thymidylate synthase inhibitors
Authors: Gangjee Aleem , Qiu Yibin , Kisliuk Roy L.
Published: March 2009

A series of seven nonclassical 2‐amino‐4‐oxo‐6‐substituted thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines 2‐8 and one classical N‐[4‐(2‐amino‐4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐6‐ylmethyl)benzoyl]‐L‐glutamic acid 9 (Table I) were designed as the first in a series of 6‐substituted 6‐5 fused ring analogs as potential thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors and as antitumor agents. The target compounds were synthesized via a Heck coupling of appropriately substituted iodobenzenes and allyl alcohol followed by cyclization using cyanoacetate and sulfur powder to afford substituted thiophenes. The resulting thiophenes were then cyclocondensed with chloroformamidine hydrochloride to afford 2‐amino‐4‐oxo‐6‐substituted thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines 2‐8 and 26. Hydrolysis of 26 followed by coupling with diethyl L‐glutamate afforded 28. The classical analog 9 was obtained by hydrolysis of 28. None of the target compounds inhibited human recombinant thymidylate synthase at 23 μm except 9 for which the IC50 value was 100 μm.
Tetrahydro‐1,5‐benzoxazepines and tetrahydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines by a tandem reduction‐reductive amination reaction
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Smith Christopher L. , Lewis Jason R.
Published: March 2009

A tandem reduction‐reductive amination reaction has been applied to the synthesis of (±)‐4‐alkyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,5‐benzoxazepines and (±)‐4‐alkyl‐1‐benzoyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines. The nitro aldehydes and ketones required for 1,5‐benzoxazepine ring closures were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the alkoxides from several 3‐buten‐1‐ol derivatives with 2‐fluoro‐1‐nitrobenzene followed by ozonolysis. Precursors for the 1,5‐benzodiazepines were prepared by similar addition of N‐(3‐butenyl)benzamide anions to 2‐fluoro‐1‐nitrobenzene followed by ozonolysis. Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro carbonyl compounds using 5% palladium‐on‐carbon in methanol then gave the target heterocycles by a tandem reduction‐reductive amination sequence. The 1,5‐benzoxazepines were isolated in high yield following chromatographic purification; the 1,5‐benzodiazepines were isolated as solids directly from the hydrogenation mixture and possessed differentiated functionality on the two nitrogen atoms.
An improved procedure for the nitration of benzo‐2,1,3‐selenadiazoles and their reduction to ortho‐phenylenediamines
Authors: Wright S. W. , Mcclure L. D.
Published: March 2009

A method for the nitration of benzo‐2,1,3‐selenadiazoles using nitric acid dissolved in a mixture of methanesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide at room temperature is presented. The SN2Ar displacement of fluoride that is observed when sulfuric acid is used as solvent is prevented and yields are high. Sodium nitrate could be used in place of nitric acid with no loss in yield. Following nitration, the 2,1,3‐selenadiazole ring is cleaved with hydriodic acid to afford a 3‐nitro‐ortho‐phenylenediamine. The method is applied to the multi‐gram preparation of 4‐fluoro‐3‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diamine.
Finite length effects on first hyperpolarizability tensor for chiral carbon nanotubes with application to second harmonic far‐field radiation pattern
Authors: De Dominicis L. , Fantoni R.
Published: March 2009

The general form of the first hyperpolarizability third‐rank tensor β for chiral carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with symmetry Lnp22 is calculated with group projector technique method. For this purpose, the group natural factorization has been adopted and the associated irreducible representations, parameterized in terms of suitable quantum numbers, then used to construct the group projector operator in the relevant vector space. The followed approach allows to model the finite length effects on the tensor and to study its convergence to the invariant form as a function of CNT topology. As an applicative example, to elucidate the role played by finite length effects, the obtained results are applied to the study of second harmonic (SH) far‐field radiation pattern emitted by a chiral CNT within the linear dielectric homogeneity approximation. The particular case of a tube forming an angle of π/4 with the propagation direction of the linearly polarized exciting laser beam is treated. It is demonstrated that the radiation pattern consists of two main lobes with high directivity along the specular reflected and transmitted directions. According to the model developed and for the cases considered, finite length effects introduce asymmetries in the intensity distribution of the two lobes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of flowering stage of Lonicera japonica Thunb. on variation in volatiles and chlorogenic acid
Authors: Wang Li‐mei , Li Mao‐teng , Yan You‐yu , Ao Ming‐zhang , Wu Geng , Yu Long‐jiang
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND: The volatile oil of Lonicera japonica Thunb. is an edible natural perfume that is often used in foods, cigarettes and cosmetics. Chlorogenic acid, a major bioactive component of L. japonica, has received much attention recently owing to its antiviral, anticancer and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, to date, few reports have focused on the variation in volatile oil and chlorogenic acid at different flowering stages of L. japonica.

RESULTS: Obvious variations in components of the volatile oil were observed at six different developmental stages. The primary components of the volatile oil were linalool, linalool oxide, geraniol and α‐terpineol, which reached their highest levels at the silver flowering stage. The highest levels of chlorogenic acid were found at the second white and complete white flowering stages.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the best times to harvest L. japonica flowers for volatile oil and chlorogenic acid extraction are the silver flowering stage and the second white or complete white flowering stage respectively. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure–property relationship of photoactive liquid crystalline polyethers containing benzylidene moiety
Authors: Rao V. Srinivasa , Samui A. B.
Published: March 2009

A series of main chain photoactive liquid crystalline polyethers, containing rigid bisbenzylidene photoactive mesogen and flexible methylene spacers, were synthesized by polycondensation of bisbenzylidene diols and dibromoalkanes. The polyethers were characterized with 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and polarized light optical microscopy. The individual and combined effects of spacer length and number of methoxy substituents on mesogenic and photoactive properties were investigated. Both first order and second order transition temperatures decreased with increased spacer length and the number of substituents. The combined effect of spacers and substituents drastically reduced the transition temperatures. All monomers and polymers showed mainly the smectic mesophase. In a few cases, nematic droplets along with the smectic phase were observed. The width of the liquid crystalline phase reduced with an increasing number of methoxy substituents on mesogenic unit. Variation of spacer length has a negligible effect on photocycloaddition. However, steric hinderance caused by the substituents decreased the photoactivity as the number of substituents increased. Total energies of crosslinked dimers calculated from modeling studies supported the above findings. Intermolecular photocycloaddition was also confirmed by photoviscosity measurement. The refractive index change was found to be in the range of 0.017–0.031. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2143–2155, 2009
Synthesis of glycopolymers bearing mannaric pendants as inhibitors on the β‐glucuronidase activity: The inhibition mechanisms of mannaric‐ and glucaric‐compounds
Authors: Kawaguchi Asei William , Okawa Haruki , Hashimoto Kazuhiko
Published: March 2009

A new styrene derivative having D‐mannaric moiety, N‐p‐vinylbenzyl‐D‐mannaramic acid (VB‐D‐ManaH, 8) was synthesized though the ring‐opening reaction of D‐mannaro‐1,4:6,3‐dilactone (D‐MDL) with p‐vinylbenzylamine. VB‐D‐ManaH was copolymerized with acrylamide (AAm) to give novel polymers having D‐mannaric moiety in the pendants, P(VB‐D‐ManaH‐co‐AAm), 10. The resulting glycomonomer and polymer (8 and 10) bearing D‐mannaric pendants were found to inhibit the β‐glucuronidase activity, although the inhibition ability of the corresponding saccharodilactone (D‐MDL) was known to be low. Additionally, the inhibition ability of P(VB‐D‐ManaH‐co‐AAm), 10, was almost the same as that of the glycopolymer having D‐glucaric pendants, P(VB‐6‐D‐GlcaH‐co‐AAm), 1, which was one of the most effective inhibitors for β‐glucuronidase, reported in our previous work. Thus, 10 and 8 may be the first D‐mannaric strong inhibitors to the β‐glucuronidase activity. The Lineweaver–Burk plot suggested that the inhibition mechanisms of 10 and 8 were more complicated than in the case of the competitive and uncompetitive inhibition of N‐p‐(vinylbenzyl)‐6‐D‐glucaramic (11) and N‐p‐(vinylbenzyl)‐1‐D‐glucaramic acids (12), respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2032–2042, 2009
Thermal stability of a star‐shaped poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene)
Authors: Natori Itaru , Natori Shizue
Published: March 2009

A star‐shaped poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) (PCHD) with a fullerene‐C60 (C60) core (C60‐PCHD) was prepared to examine the thermal stability of the covalent bond between the C60 and PCHD arm in the C60‐PCHD. The covalent bond between the C60 and PCHD arm formed by a 1,2‐cyclohexadiene (CHD) unit on the C60 was stronger than that formed by a 1,4‐CHD unit. The double bond in the CHD unit adjoining the C60 core was a key structure for the stability of that covalent bond. The hydrogenated C60‐PCHD, which did not contain a double bond, possessed significantly higher thermal stability compared to C60‐PCHD. The mechanism of elimination of PCHD arm molecules from the C60 core was thought to proceed via a 1,5‐sigmatropic H‐shift. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2132–2142, 2009
Four successful pregnancies in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type I treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Remérand G. , Merlin E. , Froissart R. , Brugnon F. , Kanold J. , Janny L. , Deméocq F.
Published: March 2009

To date, little is known about the fertility of women suffering from mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). We report on a female patient with MPS I treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at the age of 4 years (after a conditioning regimen containing busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg) who had four successful pregnancies without any reproductive assistance. Clinical and biological examinations of the children were normal. On the basis of this case, we discuss the fertility counselling of female MPS I patients at the time of BMT.
TransFatty Acids and Fatty Acid Composition of Mature Breast Milk in Turkish Women and Their Association with Maternal Diet's
Authors: Samur Gülhan , Topcu Ali , Turan Semra
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition andtransfatty acid and fatty acid contents of breast milk in Turkish women and to find the effect of breastfeeding mothers’ diet ontransfatty acid and fatty acid composition. Mature milk samples obtained from 50 Turkish nursing women were analyzed. Total milk lipids extracts were transmethylated and analyzed by using gas liquid chromatography to determine fatty acids contents. A questionnaire was applied to observe eating habits and 3 days dietary records from mothers were obtained. Daily dietary intake of total energy and nutrients were estimated by using nutrient database. The mean totaltransfatty acids contents was 2.13 ± 1.03%. The major sources oftransfatty acids in mothers’ diets were margarines‐butter (37.0%), bakery products and confectionery (29.6%). Mothers who had high level oftransisomers in their milk consumed significantly higher amounts of these products. Saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids of human milk constituted 40.7 ± 4.7%, 26.9 ± 4.2% and 30.8 ± 0.6% of the total fatty acids, respectively. The levels of fatty acids in human milk may reflect the current diet of the mother as well as the diet consumed early in pregnancy. Margarines, bakery products and confectionery are a major source oftransfatty acids in maternal diet in Turkey.
Quality Assessment of Tandem Mass Spectra by Using a Weighted K-Means
Authors: Ding Jiarui , Shi Jinhong , Wu Fang-Xiang
Published: March 2009

Introduction

The tandem mass spectrometer is a powerful tool with which to generate peptide (tandem) mass spectrum data for the analysis of complex biological protein mixtures in genomic-related disease cell lines. However, the majority of experimental tandem mass spectra cannot be interpreted by any database search engines. One of the main reasons this happens is that majority of experimental spectra are of quality too poor to be interpretable. Interpreting these “un-interpretable” spectra is a waste of time. Therefore, it is worthwhile to determine the quality of mass spectra before any interpretation.

Objectives

This paper proposes an approach to classifying tandem spectra into two groups: one with high quality and one with poor quality.

Methods

The proposed approach has two steps. First, each spectrum is mapped to a feature vector which describes the quality of the spectrum. Then, a weighted K-means clustering method is applied in order to classify the tandem mass spectra.

Results and Conclusion

Computational experiments illustrate that one cluster contains the majority of the high-quality spectra, while the other contains the majority of the poor-quality spectra. This result indicates that if we just search the spectra in the high-quality cluster, we can save the time for searching the majority of poor-quality spectra while losing a minimal amount of high-quality spectra. The software created for this work is available upon request.
Differential expression of three T-type calcium channels in retinal bipolar cells in rats
Authors: HU CAIPING , BI ANDING , PAN ZHUO-HUA
Published: March 2009

Retinal bipolar cells convey visual information from photoreceptors to retinal third-order neurons, amacrine and ganglion cells, with graded potentials through diversified cell types. To understand the possible role of voltage-dependent T-type Ca2+ currents in retinal bipolar cells, we investigated the pharmacological and biophysical properties of T-type Ca2+ currents in acutely dissociated retinal cone bipolar cells from rats using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We observed a broad group of cone bipolar cells with prominent T-type Ca2+ currents (T-rich) and another group with prominent L-type Ca2+ currents (L-rich). Based on the pharmacological and biophysical properties of the T-type Ca2+ currents, T-rich cone bipolar cells could be divided into three subgroups. Each subgroup appeared to express a single dominant T-type Ca2+ channel subunit. The T-type calcium currents could generate low-threshold regenerative potentials or spikes. Our results suggest that T-type Ca2+ channels may play an active and distinct signaling role in second-order neurons of the visual system, in contrast to the common signaling by L-rich bipolar cells.
What a Difference a Decade Makes: Rethinking Teenage Pregnancy as a Problem
Authors: Arai Lisa
Published: March 2009

The Teenage Pregnancy Strategy (TPS) has been implemented in England since 1999 and has two aims: to halve under 18s conceptions; and to reduce the risk of social exclusion among young mothers. The TPS portrays young motherhood as problematic, the cause of poor outcomes. Yet, the problematisation of teenage fertility has been contested, especially by qualitative researchers who have demonstrated that early motherhood can be experienced positively. This research is discussed here, as are findings from a small-scale study in three English locations, where teenage mothers reported good experiences of parenthood. The discrepancy between these accounts of motherhood and policy is considered.
Generation of hyperpolarized substrates by secondary labeling with [1,1-13C] acetic anhydride
Authors: Wilson David M. , Hurd Ralph E. , Keshari Kayvan , Van Criekinge Mark , Chen Albert P. , Nelson Sarah J. , Vigneron Daniel B. , Kurhanewicz John
Published: March 2009

In this manuscript, the remarkable NMR signal enhancement that can be provided by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was combined with the reactivity of acetic anhydride with amines to perform rapid, high SNR analyses of amino acid mixtures and to hyperpolarize new biomolecules of interest. [1,1-13C] acetic anhydride is an excellent substrate for DNP hyperpolarization because it can be well polarized in only 30 min and has a relatively longT1relaxation time (33.9 s at 11.7 T and 37 °C). The secondary hyperpolarization approach developed in this project takes advantage of the preferential reaction of acetic anhydride with amine nucleophiles, which occurs much more rapidly than hydrolysis to produce hyperpolarizedN-acetyl adducts. This new approach was used to reproducibly and near-quantitatively (mean yield − 89.8%) resolve a mixture of amino acids Gly, Ser, Val, Leu, and Ala in a single acquisition (3 s) with a signal enhancement of up to 1,400-fold as compared with thermal equilibrium. Secondary hyperpolarization was performed for several small peptides andN-acetylcysteine, a drug administered intravenously to treat acetaminophen overdose. Although, in general theT1of theN-acetyl adducts decreased with increasing molecular weight of the biomolecules, theT1values were still on the order of 10 s, and the correlation ofT1with molecular weight was not exact suggesting the potential of secondarily polarizing relatively large biomolecules. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using prepolarized [1,1-13C] acetic anhydride and rapid chemical reactions to provide high SNR NMR spectra of amino acid derivatives and other biomolecules.
H3 trimethyl K9 and H3 acetyl K9 chromatin modifications are associated with class switch recombination
Authors: Kuang Fei Li , Luo Zhonghui , Scharff Matthew D.
Published: March 2009

Class switch recombination (CSR) involves a DNA rearrangement in the Ig heavy chain (IgH) gene that allows the same variable (V) region to be expressed with any one of the downstream constant region (C) genes to encode antibodies with many different effector functions. One hypothesis for how CSR is targeted to different C region genes is that histone modifications increase accessibility and/or recruit activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) and its associated processes to particular donor and recipient switch regions. In this work, we identified H3 acetyl K9 and H3 trimethyl K9 as histone modifications that correlate with the recombining pair of donor and recipient switch regions. The appearance of H3 trimethyl K9 is surprising because usually it is thought to mark silent genes and heterochromatin. Nevertheless, the time course of appearance of these histone modifications, the regions in IgH they associate with, and their appearance independent of AID damage suggest that both modifications play a role in targeting CSR.
The tspair package for finding top scoring pair classifiers in R
Authors: Leek Jeffrey T.
Published: March 2009

Summary: Top scoring pairs (TSPs) are pairs of genes whose relative rankings can be used to accurately classify individuals into one of two classes. TSPs have two main advantages over many standard classifiers used in gene expression studies: (i) a TSP is based on only two genes, which leads to easily interpretable and inexpensive diagnostic tests and (ii) TSP classifiers are based on gene rankings, so they are more robust to variation in technical factors or normalization than classifiers based on expression levels of individual genes. Here I describe the R package, tspair, which can be used to quickly identify and assess TSP classifiers for gene expression data.

Availability: The R package tspair is freely available from Bioconductor: http://www.bioconductor.org

Contact:  jtleek@jhu.edu
Statolith Sedimentation Kinetics and Force Transduction to the Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum in Gravity-SensingArabidopsisColumella Cells
Authors: Leitz Guenther , Kang Byung-Ho , Schoenwaelder Monica E.A. , Staehelin L. Andrew
Published: March 2009

The starch statolith hypothesis of gravity sensing in plants postulates that the sedimentation of statoliths in specialized statocytes (columella cells) provides the means for converting the gravitational potential energy into a biochemical signal. We have analyzed the sedimentation kinetics of statoliths in the central S2 columella cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. The statoliths can form compact aggregates with gap sizes between statoliths approaching <30 nm. Significant intra-aggregate sliding motions of individual statoliths suggest a contribution of hydrodynamic forces to the motion of statoliths. The reorientation of the columella cells accelerates the statoliths toward the central cytoplasm within <1 s of reorientation. During the subsequent sedimentation phase, the statoliths tend to move at a distance to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) boundary and interact only transiently with the ER. Statoliths moved by laser tweezers against the ER boundary experience an elastic lift force upon release from the optical trap. High-resolution electron tomography analysis of statolith-to-ER contact sites indicate that the weight of statoliths is sufficient to locally deform the ER membranes that can potentially activate mechanosensitive ion channels. We suggest that in root columella cells, the transduction of the kinetic energy of sedimenting statoliths into a biochemical signal involves a combination of statolith-driven motion of the cytosol, statolith-induced deformation of the ER membranes, and a rapid release of kinetic energy from the ER during reorientation to activate mechanosensitive sites within the central columella cells.
Intracellular galectin‐9 activates inflammatory cytokines in monocytes
Authors: Matsuura Ai , Tsukada Junichi , Mizobe Takamitsu , Higashi Takehiro , Mouri Fumihiko , Tanikawa Rena , Yamauchi Akira , Hirashima Mitsuomi , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: March 2009

Whether galectin‐9 plays a role in inflammatory responses remains elusive. The present study was designed to determine the role of intracellular galectin‐9 in activation of inflammatory cytokine genes in human monocytes. Galectin‐9 expression vector pBKCMV3‐G9 was transiently co‐transfected into THP‐1 monocytic cells along with luciferase reporters carrying gene promoters of IL‐1α (IL1A), IL‐1β (IL1B) and IFNγ. Transient transfection studies showed that galectin‐9 over‐expression activated all three gene promoters, suggesting that intracellular galectin‐9 induces inflammatory cytokine genes in monocytes. Galectin‐9 over‐expression also activated NF‐IL6 (C/EBP β) and AP‐1, but not NF‐κB. In contrast, extracellular galectin‐9 is not involved in regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Immunoprecipitation/Western blotting, using anti‐galectin‐9 Ab and anti‐NF‐IL6 Ab, showed physical association of intracellular galectin‐9 with NF‐IL6. RT‐PCR confirmed that galectin‐9 over‐expression increased IL‐1α and IL‐1β mRNA levels in THP‐1 cells. The interaction of galectin‐9 with NF‐IL6 was enhanced following LPS treatment in THP‐1 cells. Intracellular galectin‐9 synergized with LPS to activate NF‐IL6. Nuclear translocation of galectin‐9 was also observed in THP‐1 cells treated with LPS. Our results indicate that galectin‐9 is a LPS‐responsive factor, and further demonstrate that intracellular galectin‐9 transactivates inflammatory cytokine genes in monocytes through direct physical interaction with NF‐IL6.
Familial factor VII deficiency with foetal and neonatal fatal cerebral haemorrhage associated with homozygosis to Gly180Arg mutation
Authors: LANDAU D. , ROSENBERG N. , ZIVELIN A. , STARETZ‐CHACHAM O. , KAPELUSHNIK J.
Published: March 2009

Summary.  Inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a wide heterogeneous clinical pattern. Intracranial haemorrhage in infants has been previously reported in the severe form of the FVII deficiency and it has a high fatality rate. We report a family with high consanguineous relations, who experienced death of two baby girls, the first with prenatal manifestation of foetal hydrocephalus secondary to intracranial bleeding and the second with postnatal intracranial bleeding, both with less than 1% activity of FVII. Genetic analysis revealed that both parents are heterozygous and both daughters homozygous for a point mutation gG9639A in exon 7, predicting Gly180Arg substitution. This mutation was described previously in a compound heterozygous patient with mild bleeding manifestation. It seems that in this family, the mutation in its homozygous state is fatal and the lethal clinical expression can appear in utero at an early stage of gestation.
Bone marrow necrosis related to paracoccidioidomycosis: the first eight cases identified at autopsy
Authors: Resende Lucilene S R , Mendes Rinaldo P , Bacchi Maura M , Marques Sílvio A , Barraviera Benedito , Souza Lenice R , Meira Domingos A , Niéro‐Melo Lígia
Published: March 2009

Aims:  To report the first eight bone marrow necrosis (BMN) cases related to paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) from patient autopsies with well‐documented bone marrow (BM) histology and cytology.

Methods and results:  A retrospective evaluation was performed on BM specimens from eight autopsied patients from Botucatu University Hospital with PCM‐related BMN. Relevant BMN literature was searched and analysed.

Conclusions:  All eight patients had acute PCM. Six had histological only (biopsies) and two cytological only (smears) specimens. Five biopsy specimens revealed severe and one mild coagulation patterned necrotic areas. Five had osteonecrosis. The cytological specimens also showed typical BMN patterns. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast forms were visible within necrotic areas in all cases.
Bcl‐10 protein highly correlates with the expression of phosphorylated p65 NF‐κB in peripheral T‐cell lymphomas and is associated with clinical outcome
Authors: Briones Javier , Moga Esther , Espinosa Iñigo , Vergara Carmen , Alvarez Eva , Villa Juliana , Bordes Ramón , Delgado Julio , Prat Jaime , Sierra Jorge
Published: March 2009

Aims:  In T cells, protein kinase C (PKC) θ plays a major role in T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐mediated activation of a novel nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathway that involves phosphorylation of p65 at serine 536 (Pp65Ser536). Bcl‐10 acts along the same pathway downstream of PKC θ to activate NF‐κB. The aim was to investigate the relationship between the expression of PKC θ, Bcl‐10 and P‐p65Ser536 proteins and their prognostic significance in peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs).

Methods and results:  Paraffin‐embedded tissues from 30 patients with PTCLs treated with curative intention were evaluated retrospectively. Expression of PKC θ, Bcl‐10 and P‐p65Ser536 proteins was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of PKC θ was detected in 22 of 30 cases (73%), Bcl‐10 in 20 of 30 (67%) and P‐p65Ser536 in 21 of 30 (70%). Bcl‐10+ tumours were associated with PKC θ (18 of 22) (P < 0.0001) and Pp65Ser536 (19 of 21) expression (P < 0.0001). Patients with Bcl‐10+ or P‐p65Ser536+ tumours fared better, with a 5‐year overall survival of 48 and 45%, respectively, versus 0% for negative tumours (P = 0.029 and P = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusions:  Bcl‐10 is expressed in PTCLs, correlates with PKC θ and Pp65Ser536 expression and seems to be associated with better survival.