bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Add-on effect of Nagabala–Arjunadi yoga on left ventricular ejection fraction and New York Heart Association functional capacity in post- myocardial infarction – An experience
Authors: Surendran Sushya , Goyal Mandip
Published: December 2022

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), especially Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), are epidemic in India. The annual number of deaths from CVD in India is projected to rise from 2.26 million (1990) to 4.77 million (2020). CHD prevalence rates in India have been estimated over the past several decades and have ranged from 1.6% to 7.4% in the rural population and from 1% to 13.2% in the urban population. Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the most common form of CHD. Many clinical and laboratory factors, such as persistent ischemia and depressed Ejection Fraction (EF), have been identified with an increase in cardiovascular risk after initial recovery from MI. Even though conventional medicines are excellent life-saving measures in MI, quality of life is always a concern. A 56-year-old male, presented to Ayurveda hospital with exertional dyspnea and pain in the chest for one year, following secondary prevention, and had two episodes of documented MI in 2017 and 2020, respectively. Two-dimensional echocardiography (dated July 15, 2021) revealed septal and apical wall hypokinesia and an EF of 50%. The two month intervention with Nagabala–Arjunadi yoga improved the EF to 10 percentiles (5%), and wall motion abnormality was reduced to a physiological limit. The overall status of the New York Heart Association classification was improved from Class II to Class I. The quality of life assessed by the MacNew questionnaire also showed a significant difference. This case report revealed that the Ayurvedic internal medication is helpful in improving the post-MI functional capacity of the patient.
Ayurvedic management of Vartma sthambha (ptosis) with Panchakarma (bio purificatory measures) and Netrakriyakalpa (ocular therapies)
Authors: Venugopal Krishna Kumar , Bhat Akshatha K , Sree Deepthi GN
Published: December 2022

This is to report a case of ophthalmoplegia developed after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma, which was treated effectively with Ayurvedic Panchakarma (~bio purificatory measures) and Netrakriyakalpa (~ocular therapeutic procedures). Ophthalmoplegia refers to paralysis of both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the eyes. It is an uncommon complication after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma and recovers spontaneously in most of the cases. If not resolved even after 6-12 months, surgery is done to correct the squint and ptosis. In this case, as the patient was apprehensive about surgery, Ayurvedic Panchakarma and Netrakriyakalpa procedures were prescribed. An Indian female aged 69 years reported with drooping of the left upper eyelid, deviation, and restricted eye movements in the left eye, and double vision for one year. It was a diagnosed case of postsurgical ophthalmoplegia due to third (oculomotor) and sixth (abducens) cranial nerve palsy. She was administered Panchakarma and Netrakriyakalpa. Oral medicines, Dhanadanayanadi kashaya and Ekangavira rasa, were prescribed for one month. After treatment, there was a remarkable improvement in ptosis. However, squint, restricted eye movements, and diplopia persisted. Ayurveda treatment, including Panchakarma and Netrakriyakalpa, is safe and effective in managing postsurgical ptosis, especially in patients who are apprehensive about surgery. This treatment plan could be further tried in ptosis of other etiologies as well. In Ayurveda, treating squint, restricted eye movements, and diplopia is challenging, and further research needs to be done.
Add on Hypoglycemic effect of customized Yoga module in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Resmi K. K. , Kavita M. B. , Yalagachin Gurubasavaraj
Published: December 2022

Certain limitations of antidiabetic regimens including adverse reactions etc. have raised the need for a drugless approach to improve the health status of diabetic patients. Yoga can act as advantageous therapy in this regard. An attempt has been made to find out the add-on effectiveness of the Yoga package in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. A 51-year-old male, a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus with complaints of general weakness, burning sensation over soles, thirst, and dryness of mouth was presented in the OPD of Swasthavritta. The patient was on allopathic medication for 10 years. The report showed uncontrolled diabetes mellitus for the past five years. The patient was selected and underwent one-hour preformed Yoga Module that includes Parivritta trikonasana, Paschimottanasana, Shashankasana, Ardhamatsyendrasana, Bhujangasana, Dhanurasana followed by Kapalbhathi, Bhastrika and Nadishodana Pranayama practice for a period of one month without withdrawing the previous medication. The difference in Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) before and after the treatment were 26mg/dl and 31.4mg/dl respectively. The severity of general weakness, burning sensation over soles, thirst, and dryness of mouth were also reduced after this intervention inferring its influence on disease management.
Management of Vata pradhana prameha with Darvyadi ghrita
Authors: Malviya Asha , Huddar Vitthal G. , Shinsha P.
Published: December 2022

Understanding Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Ayurveda as Prameha, is always challenging as the diagnosis is made based on the clinical presentation of patients during the course of illness, not merely based on the blood glucose levels. All types of Prameha if not managed, will manifest as Vata pradhana prameha and later become Asadhya (~incurable) phase of Vataja prameha. A 41-year-old known diabetic (type 2) presented with complaints of generalized weakness, loss of weight, and loss of appetite. His blood sugar level was within normal limits at the time of the first visit. Considering the Vata predominance, Brimhana chikitsa (~nourishment therapy) with oral administration of Darvyadi ghrita for 60 days was prescribed in the case. The assessment was based on subjective and objective parameters. The improvements are significant and infer that Ayurveda medicines can satisfactorily help in the management of noncommunicable diseases like DM.
Analysis of Clinicopathological Parameters of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Different Age Groups
Authors: Chaware Smita Jembu , Sangle Varsha Ajit , Mahajan Aarti Mahendra , Gajdhar S. Sajda , Sarode Surabhi Ashok , Kendre M. Shilpa
Published: December 2022

Context:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of oral cavity. OSCC shows geographical variation with respect to the age, sex, site, and habits of the population. In general, OSCC is most commonly seen in men in the 6th to 8th decades of life and is rare in patients younger than 40 years. In recent years, it have been observed an increased incidence of OSCC in young individuals.

Aims:

To compare and correlate the clinical parameters of OSCC in different age groups.

Settings and Design:

Ninety histopathologically diagnosed cases with OSCC were included in our prospective study. These patients were divided into three groups: Group I: 30 patients below 40 years of age; Group II: 30 patients who were between 41 and 60 years of age; and Group III: 30 patients who were above 60 years of age.

Subjects and Methods:

The relevant information regarding clinical parameters, i.e., age, sex, site of lesion, risk factors, duration of habit, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging, and clinical diagnosis were collected and tabulated.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the significant difference among different age groups.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of habit and TNM staging among different age groups.

Conclusions:

OSCC in different age groups shows some differences as well as similarities in the parameters that were analyzed.
Sclerotherapy in the Management of Oral Mucocele
Authors: Gaikwad Trupti Vijay , Maini Anuj Paul , Sarma Arunima , Das Sukanya , Lokhande Sayali , Prasad Shristi Rakesh
Published: December 2022

Mucocele is a mucous-filled cavity that can occur at various locations in the body including the oral cavity. There are various treatment options for mucoceles ranging from surgery, laser surgery, cryosurgery, etc. Due to the invasive surgical procedures and high chances of recurrence even after surgery, the focus of interest has now shifted to nonsurgical ways of management which show negligible side effects including the use of corticosteroids and sclerotherapy using various drugs. Further, no need for local anesthesia is an added advantage of the sclerotherapy procedure.
О связи между ростом нулей и
убыванием тейлоровских коэффициентов целой функции
Authors: Braichev Georgii Genrikhovich
Published: December 2022

В теории роста целых функций исторически сложились два направления.
Первое связано с вычислением или оценками характеристик роста
максимума модуля целой функции (порядок, тип и другие)
через коэффициенты ее ряда Тейлора. В работах второго направления
исследуется зависимость роста функции от распределения ее нулей.
Цель заметки - рассмотреть непосредственные, прямые связи
между нулями и тейлоровскими коэффициентами целой функции,
учитывая как классические, так и недавние достижения
в рассматриваемой области.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Об ортогонально аддитивных операторах в РНП
Authors: Dzhusoeva Nonna Anatolevna , Itarova Svetlana Yur'evna
Published: December 2022

В работе изучается новый класс локально мажорируемых ортогонально
аддитивных операторов в решеточно-нормированных пространствах.
В первой части статьи устанавливаются достаточные условия существования
локальной точной мажоранты локально мажорируемого оператора и приводятся
формулы для ее вычисления. Во второй части показано, что осколочная
компактность мажорируемого ортогонально аддитивного оператора, действующего
из разложимого решеточно-нормированного пространства в банахово пространство
со смешанной нормой, влечет осколочную компактность его точной мажоранты.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Короткие полные диагностические тесты для схем,
реализующих линейные булевы функции
Authors: Popkov Kirill Andreevich
Published: December 2022

Доказано, что каждую из булевых функций $x_1\oplus…\oplus x_n$,
$x_1\oplus…\oplus x_n\oplus 1$ можно реализовать схемой
из функциональных элементов в каждом из базисов $\{x\oplus y,1\}$,
$\{x&\overline y,x\vee y,\overline x\}$,
$\{x&y,x\vee y,\overline x\}$,
допускающей полный диагностический тест длины не более
$\lceil\log_2(n+1)\rceil$ (для первых двух базисов)
либо не более $n$ (для третьего базиса) относительно
однотипных константных неисправностей на выходах элементов.
Установлено также, что каждую из функций $x_1\oplus…\oplus x_n$,
$x_1\oplus…\oplus x_n\oplus 1$ можно реализовать
схемой из функциональных элементов в базисе $\{x\oplus y,1\}$,
допускающей полный диагностический тест длины не более
$\lceil\log_2(n+1)\rceil+1$ относительно
произвольных константных неисправностей на выходах элементов.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Can Vitamin B12 Deficiency Really Cause Vasovagal Syncope? Retrospective Analysis of 469 Pediatric Vasovagal Syncope Cases
Authors: Sunkak Süleyman , Argun Mustafa
Published: December 2022

Objective: Syncope is a frequent reason for referral to pediatric cardiology clinics. Vitamin B12 deficiency is frequently diagnosed in pediatric patients. In this study, we determined the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in pediatric vasovagal syncope (VVS).
Methods: This study was designed retrospectively. VVS patients were identified from the hospital registry system with ICD code ‘R55, syncope, and fainting’. The frequency of VVS and vitamin B12 levels of the patients were evaluated. Below 200 ng/L was considered vitamin B12 deficiency.
Results: Eight hundred twelve patients were identified with ICD code R55, syncope, and fainting’ in pediatric cardiology hospital records. Two hundred sixteen patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient hospital records. Four hundred and sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with VVS. One hundred and seventy-three patients were excluded from the study because of non-available vitamin B12 level. Ninety-six patients had epileptic sezure/suspected VVS, 28 patients had psychogenic syncope and 3 patients had cardiac syncope. Demographic characteristics, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 levels, and the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency were similar in the patient and control groups (p>0.05). Two hundred and sixty-four patients had normal vitamin B12 level, whereas 32 patients were diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency. Fifty-six patients who had normal vitamin B12 levels experienced frequent VVS and 6 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency experienced frequent VVS (21.2% vs 23.0%, p>0.05).
Conclusion: Although VVS can cause serious concern in patients and families, it is unlikely to be a serious underlying disease. Vitamin B12 deficiency was not found at a high rate in this disease as in other studies.
Qualitative analysis of strictly non-Volterra quadratic dynamical systems with continuous time
Authors: Raupovich Rasulov Xaydar
Published: December 2022

In this article, a continuous analogue of strictly non-Volterra quadratic
dynamical systems with continuous time and points of equilibrium is
investigated, a phase portrait of the system is constructed, numerical
solutions are found, and a comparative analysis is carried out with a
particular solution of the system.
Exponent equations in HNN-extensions
Authors: Figelius Michael , Lohrey Markus
Published: December 2022

We consider exponent equations in finitely generated groups. These are
equations, where the variables appear as exponents of group elements and take
values from the natural numbers. Solvability of such (systems of) equations has
been intensively studied for various classes of groups in recent years. In many
cases, it turns out that the set of all solutions on an exponent equation is a
semilinear set that can be constructed effectively. Such groups are called
knapsack semilinear. Examples of knapsack semilinear groups are hyperbolic
groups, virtually special groups, co-context-free groups and free solvable
groups. Moreover, knapsack semilinearity is preserved by many group theoretic
constructions, e.g., finite extensions, graph products, wreath products,
amalgamated free products with finite amalgamated subgroups, and HNN-extensions
with finite associated subgroups. On the other hand, arbitrary HNN-extensions
do not preserve knapsack semilinearity. In this paper, we consider the knapsack
semilinearity of HNN-extensions, where the stable letter $t$ acts trivially by
conjugation on the associated subgroup $A$ of the base group $G$. We show that
under some additional technical conditions, knapsack semilinearity transfers
from base group $G$ to the HNN-extension $H$. These additional technical
conditions are satisfied in many cases, e.g., when $A$ is a centralizer in $G$
or $A$ is a quasiconvex subgroup of the hyperbolic group $G$.
On Ethics and the Economics of Development
Authors: Qizilbash Mozaffar
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the implications of some of the growing literature at the borderline of ethics and economics for development debates. It argues that this literature has already had considerable impact on development economics, particularly as a result of work on well-being and capabilities. Other areas where there has been considerable growth include population ethics and the area which explores the link between the contractarian tradition in moral philosophy and game theory. Work here has had less impact on development economics, and there is considerable scope for more work. Finally, both ethics and economics have been criticised for taking too abstract a view of human beings. Each has begun to take on this line of criticism and work which responds to it in various ways - such as by taking account of issues relating to identity, allowing for hard choices and fuzziness - is relevant to development.
From a 'Moral Philosopher' to a 'Poor' Economist
Authors: Sharma Soumitra
Published: December 2022

The roots of modern 'Economics' are deeply buried in the moral and political philosophy of the ancient philosophers. The journey of an economist from the pedestal of a 'moral philosopher' to a state of 'poor economist' is rather long. Through the Middle Ages the 'natural law' approach to economics and sociology held firm. The 'socio-economic rationalism' of the Stoics helped this approach to develop into a 'social science' that later took the form of 'moral philosophy' of the 18 th century philosophers. Since then Economics has been enriched by scientific thought of many. While Marshall and his Principles made the study of Economics popular at universities, Keynes provided a theoretical platform to the governments for their full employment policies ensuring an unprecedented economic growth for a quarter century during the postwar years. For more than a century now Economics has witnessed tremendous progress in methods and contents. Unfortunately, over the last two decades it has come under fire. Is there a new transformation underway or Economics has lost its lustre? This short essay tries to address some of such issues.
Developmental Freedom and Social Order: Rethinking the Relation between Work and Equality
Authors: Haagh Louise
Published: December 2022

This essay points to an institutional account of our existential interest in work as a missing piece in welfare analysis. In contrast with social liberals in the postwar era, both liberal economic and egalitarian discourses today espouse a narrowly atomistic account of human nature and the modern economy. Therefore they are unable to take account of the institutional bases of economic development, individual autonomy and social order, and the way these connect. The essay shows that a patterning of distributional outcomes is a reality in both deregulated and densely governed capitalist economies, but that only the latter offers real scope for social and individual choice. The influence of the atomistic account on liberal egalitarian thought however has produced an unambitious, imprecise, and in the case of welfare contractualism, a coercive, account of both individual freedom and social community. What is needed is a more explicit inclusion of a temporal dimension in welfare and economic analysis and a more differentiated framework of pluralist governance.
The knowledge economy/society: the latest example of "Measurement without theory"?
Authors: Oxley Les , Walker Paul , Thorns David , Wang Hong
Published: December 2022

The world has embraced a set of concepts (knowledge driven growth) which are seen as the 'core of future growth and wellbeing' without any commonly agreed notion of what they are, how they might be measured, and crucially therefore, how they actually do (or might) affect economic growth and social wellbeing. The theory of how the mechanism works lacks important detail.
Economics and religion - a personalist perspective
Authors: Petre Comşa Fr , Munteanu Costea
Published: December 2022

Traditionally, the reaction of many mainstream economists to the effort to integrate theology and economics demonstrated the difficulty of doing so in a way that could be broadly recognized as legitimate. This state of things is simply an indication of a broad consensus within the field of economics that methods, norms, and even concerns construed to be related to religious belief have no place in the scientific study of economics.Recently, the situation seems to be changing, however. A decade ago, a group of Christian Catholic social thinkers engaged in dialogue with free-market economists concerning the morality of market activity. As a result, this interdisciplinary exchange inspired the conception of a new subdiscipline that sought to synthesize central aspects of theology and economics, thereby giving rise to a new body of scholarship termed economic personalism. The general idea is to promote a humane economic order that benefits from market activity but does not reduce the human person to just another element in economic phenomena.This paper suggests that, under such circumstances, the Christian-Orthodox contribution to further development of this new field of investigation could consist in bringing forward the teaching of the Holy Fathers of Eastern Tradition. It is argued that, in this way, the moral dimension which dominantly defines the Catholic vision of the human person could be surpassed and even transfigured by the spiritual dimension which fully inform the Orthodox vision. Moreover, this pre-eminence of the spiritual determinants of the human person is expected to result in a number of significant changes concerning the way economic personalism is currently conceived (in terms of its subject matter, basic conceptual principles, and general mission).
Six choice metaphors and their social implications
Authors: Jennings Frederic
Published: December 2022

The six metaphors analyzed in this paper unfold stepwise into an interdisciplinary systems framework based on planning horizons. The notion of planning horizons serves as an ordinal measure of rationality and organization, in a social systemic context of ecological interdependence. Each metaphor opens into the next to extend our understanding. The neighborhood store is where almost all neoclassical choices are made, with visible options spread on shelves and a budget allocated among them, maximizing its worth. The chessboard demands strategic contingency planning in an evolving context of incompletely projectable outcomes. A transportation network combines substitutes and complements into a static complex system, intertwined and non-decomposable, leaving economists with a problem of institutional choice. Love is a complementary good-virtually costless to produce and distribute, always in demand-that should be abundant, though it is scarce. The educational system brings inter-horizonal complementarities into our field of view, where contagion effects of longer horizons enhance complementarity at the expense of substitution, shifting the mix of interdependence away from conflicts to concerts of interest. Human ecology is a dynamic complex system of interactive phenomena opening into time, evolving constantly in its structure, relationships and diversity and demanding ethics in our relations. These six metaphors raise some pressing questions on the invisible limits of models standing on substitution applied where they have no place. Symptoms of failure reveal themselves in myopia, ecological loss and the rise of violence in society. Economic implications of these metaphors are reviewed to illustrate the basis for an interdisciplinary approach to social scientific constructions.
The epistemology of modern finance
Authors: de Scheemaekere Xavier
Published: December 2022

Modern finance is a social science where the complexity of mathematical models compares to that of physics. The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for the interpretation of mathematical models in finance, in order to determine the epistemological standards according to which financial theory must be assessed. The analysis enlightens the contrast between highly objective results and the radical uncertainty that governs the markets. The main contribution of the paper is to show that the reasons why finance models are relative and non-causal are deeply rooted in the nature of finance theory itself. An important consequence is that arbitrage-free model prices are reference prices and indicators of the economical features underlying mathematical models. As such, they can be used to structure and support final pricing and hedging decisions, but not to predict future market prices.
A review of Peter Söderbaum, Understanding Sustainability Economics. Towards Pluralism in Economics, London, Sterling/VA: earthscan, 2008, 158 pages
Authors: Zinn Karl
Published: December 2022

It is almost impossible to read Söderbaum´s lucid critique of neoclassical economics and neoliberalism without having in mind the recent economic crisis as the background of his attack against the short-sightedness and inhuman corollaries of mainstream economics.
Financial stability requires macroeconomic foundations of macroeconomics
Authors: Rossi Sergio
Published: December 2022

Financial stability features prominently among the goals of several post-crisis macroeconomic policies around the world. Being a systemic characteristic, financial stability requires a systemic analysis, which only macroeconomics can offer logically. Yet, the current way of doing macroeconomics is not up to the task, as it is grounded on so-called microfoundations. Considering macroeconomics as the science of aggregating data obtained at microeconomic level can lead indeed to conclusions that are either misleading or wrong. This paper points out that the true foundations of macroeconomics are macroeconomic, and that understanding the working of monetary economies of production and exchange requires a conceptual rather than a mathematical treatment of economic issues at a systemic level.
Critiques and developments in world-systems analysis: an introduction to the special collection
Authors: Lee Richard
Published: December 2022

From its inception, the world-systems perspective was not only enormously influential in long-term, large-scale social research; it also attracted a set of serious critiques. These fell into the general areas of the emergence of the capitalist world-economy; reductionism in the mode of argument; surplus appropriation and accumulation, including the question of class; and the general exclusion of an analysis of any role for "culture." It is concrete developments in world-systems analysis over the past three decades, although not to the exclusion of explicit responses to critiques, that have gone a long way in addressing these concerns. They fall most notably into the areas of commodity chains, households, world-ecology, and the structures of knowledge.
There are no such things as ‘commodities’: a research note
Authors: Read Rupert
Published: December 2022

This short paper is a note offering provisional results of my current research in philosophical economics and the philosophy of economics. It is offered in the spirit of promoting discussion of an interesting topic worthy of further investigation.
Ethics and economics, today and in the past
Authors: Alvey James
Published: December 2022

Economics was traditionally viewed as part of a wider study of human things, including ethics. It has drifted away from ethics despite the fact that ethical considerations inevitably form part of economics. After a brief introduction, the second section outlines the state of play in the economics discipline. The third section deals with the ethical crisis of economics today. The fourth section presents two grand narratives of ethics and economics. The fifth section sketches Amartya Sen's critique of the mainstream and his alternative approach to economics. The sixth section provides some concluding comments.
Finance contemporaine et postmodernisme: l’expression d’un capitalisme tardif
Authors: Schinckus Christophe
Published: December 2022

This paper shows that the evolution of financial markets implies some features of the postmodernism, as for example, the emergence of a hyperreality or an over-exaggeration of the exchange. Computerization contributed to the development of what Baudrillard called a hyper-reality in which financial quotations are self-referent, i.e. they do not refer to an economic reality. Finance is now in post-modernity and this essay offers an analysis of this financial post-modernity.
An inquiry into the explanatory virtues of transaction cost economics
Authors: Hardt Lukasz
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we offer a methodological reflection on how the explanatory virtues of economic theories can be assessed in a systematic way. Second, we use that theoretical apparatus to study the explanatory virtues of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE, henceforth). Precisely, we are primarily interested in assessing the progress within TCE with respect to its explanatory power rather than directly comparing TCE's explanatory virtues to alternative theories. The paper offers also some general insights into the way we compare economic theories.
A theory of planning horizons (1): market design in a post-neoclassical world
Authors: Jennings Frederic
Published: December 2022

The neoclassical case supporting competitive frames and market solutions has failed to promote stable world-wide economic development. Other approaches in economics incorporate social culture, increasing returns, market power, ecological limits and complementarity, yielding broader applications for development theory. In this paper a theory of planning horizons is introduced to raise some meaningful questions about the traditional view with respect to its substitution, decreasing returns and independence assumptions. Suppositions of complementarity, increasing returns and interdependence suggest that competition is inefficient by upholding a myopic culture resistant to learning. Growth – though long believed to rise from markets and competitive values – may not derive from these sources. Instead, as civilizations advance, shifting from material wants to higher-order intangible output, they evolve from market tradeoffs (substitution and scarcity) into realms of common need (complementarity and abundance). The policy implications of horizonal theory are explored, with respect to regulatory aims and economic concerns. Such an approach emphasizes strict constraints against entry barriers, ecological harm, market power abuse and ethical lapses. Social cohesion – not competition – is sought as a means to extend horizons and thereby increase efficiency, equity and ecological health. The overriding importance of horizon effects for regulatory assessment dominates other orthodox standards in economics and law. Reframing economics along horizonal lines suggests some meaningful insight on the proper design of economic systems.
Unusual Humean issues in materialistic political economy
Authors: Micocci Andrea
Published: December 2022

Capitalism as we know it presents typical dialectical features that isolate it from nature, in which real oppositions make evolution revolutionary: A dialectical metaphysics replaces the free flow of events allowing capitalist relationships but preventing the practice of materialism. Some radically sceptical issues in Hume's Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and A Treatise of Human Nature come useful here. A materialistic approach with complete (i.e., non-dialectical) ruptures in fact dovetails with Hume's argument on the unpredictability of nature and the predictability of human social activities. As a consequence, a thus renewed materialistic political economy concerned with the concrete must work out its own categories dynamically, to discard them once they have been proved metaphysical.
Behavioural controversy concerning homo economicus: a Humean perspective
Authors: Elahi Khandakar
Published: December 2022

In his monumental masterpiece, A Treatise on Human Nature, which explains the methodology of human reasoning concerning matters of fact and describes the roles that passions and morals play in it, Hume arrives at an enormously interesting maxim: An academic controversy cannot continue for long unless the disputants assign different meanings to the major terms employed in the debate. This theory has been applied in this paper to examine the behavioural criticisms about Homo Economicus (HE), the pivotal perception in the neoclassical microeconomic model.To achieve this objective, the paper discusses the origin and evolution of the concept, reviews behavioural criticisms, summarises the main tenets of Hume's philosophy of human knowledge and finally examines the behavioural opinions from Hume's perspective. The paper concludes that Hume's theory convincingly explains the reason why the HE controversy is continuing for over half century-a fact that both the mainstream and behavioural economists are ignoring.
Modeling exogenous moral norms
Authors: Tippit Ross
Published: December 2022

This paper considers the possibility of a robust and general formulation of a model of choice for the representation of a variety of moral norms. It starts by reviewing several recent models of deontological (or rule-based) norms that retain the basic elements of the economic model of choice. It briefly examines the achievements and drawbacks of each model, and while no model is identified as the most accurate or robust, the most appealing aspects of each model contribute to the construction of a tout-ensemble utility function proposed in the final section. This representation of preferences aims to incorporate the most common qualities of both consequentialist and deontological moral norms in order to represent decision making under their influence.
Collective beliefs and horizontal interactions between groups: the case of political parties
Authors: Ouzilou Olivier
Published: December 2022

Groups matter in our ordinary folk psychology because a part of our social interactions is done with collective entities. In our everyday life, we indeed sometimes ascribe mental states to social groups as a whole or to individuals as members of groups in order to understand and predict their behavior. The aim of this paper is to explore this aspect of social interactions by focusing on the concept of ‘collective belief’ in a non-summative sense and, more precisely, on collective belief of a specific kind of group: the political party. How can the concept of ‘collective belief’ help to understand the interactions which involve these kinds of collective entities? After providing an epistemic description of political parties, this paper focuses on the collective belief in a non-summative sense. As Gilbert says, a group believes that p, if its members are jointly committed to believe that p as a body. It is argued, with the help of an example from the political history of France, that this view can enable us to understand the interaction between political parties. More precisely, it can help clarify the way in which a political party uses the rational constraints on the party as a whole and/or the social and epistemic constraints on the behavior of the group's members in order to destabilize or weaken other political parties.
Work, recognition and subjectivization: some remarks about the modernity of Kojève's interpretation of Hegel
Authors: Sobel Richard
Published: December 2022

From the analytical point of view of Hegel's philosophical anthropology, in Kojève's interpretation, work is an existential structure through which the dual process of subjectification and socialization unfolds. For Hegel, however, this process is not taken for granted: its possibility is understood in terms of the culmination of man's conquest of humanity, taking as a point of departure the relation of mastery to servitude and the undertaking to transform this relation precisely from within the perspective of servitude. The goal of this article is to reconstruct the conceptual framework of this philosophical moment, to our mind an indispensible precondition for the apperception of our modern societies' functioning at the most fundamental level, to the extent that they consider themselves to be ‘work based societies.’
Economics in times of crisis. In search of a new paradigm in economic sciences
Authors: Dzionek-Kozlowska Joanna
Published: December 2022

The relationship between the development of economics and economic performance is not reducible to any set of simple rules. Among the historians of economic thought there is even a handful of those who perceive the progress in economics mostly as an outcome of the attempts to solve the problems, inconsistencies and paradoxes within economic theory itself. Seen from this perspective, economic reality has minor (or no) importance. On the other hand, the endeavours to modify a mainstream approach are significantly greater in times of economic downturns. Seeing that economics is in such a state of ‘intellectual ferment’ nowadays, it is worth reconsidering the connection between economics and the economy. Thus the main aim of the paper is to analyse the current state of economic science in relation to the last economic slump. Although it is of course not possible to predict the future trajectories of economic theorising, taking into consideration the nature of the crisis the most feasible and potentially most fruitful areas are indicated.
Rawls and Piketty: the philosophical aspects of economic inequality
Authors: Sunajko Goran
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses a key contemporary problem, that of inequality. Certainly, the most visible inequality today is economic inequality, which is not only a characteristic found today, but is also the result of a long historical development. The problem arises when inequality becomes artificial (produces itself) and thus becomes a matter of social sciences and humanities. At this point, the question of economic inequality becomes a non-economic issue and thus opens the possibility of formulating such principles that will be able to reduce the issue to a minimum. This paper discusses this possibility, while referring to Thomas Piketty's book on capital in relation to John Rawls's principles of justice to which Piketty refers to.
Economics, chrematistics, oikos and polis in Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Cendejas Bueno José Luis
Published: December 2022

In Aristotle’s thought, economic activity refers to a kind of praxis consisting in allocating the human and material means that constitute the oikos –the domestic community- to fulfil its natural ends: ensure both life and the means of life. By means of natural chrematistics -acquisitive art- families acquire the necessary means for this, which come from production and exchange. Families group together in the political community (polis) whose end is living well, according to virtues, among which justice is highlighted as the ‘complete virtue’. For its part, the Christian êthos regards every human act, internal and external, of this complete system (polis, oikos and chrematistics) as tending towards its ultimate purpose (beatitudo). In St. Thomas’s view, eternal law harmonizes necessity of irrational beings, loving God’s action (divine law), natural law, and the contingency of ‘human things’ where the economy is included. Trading activity is lawful if it is at the service of the oikos or polis and according to how is exercised, by following commutative justice. The family, political and religious character of human nature establishes what the natural-necessary consists of, embracing, apart from bodily goods, others derived from considering social status and the life chosen (civil, religious, active or contemplative). Economic activity based on this anthropological root has a specific place as a part of an ordered natural-legal totality that provides the economy with meaning and sufficient moral guidance.
Economic theory in historical perspective
Authors: Tsoulfidis Lefteris
Published: December 2022

On the methodological plain this paper outlines the conditions that contribute to the development of economic theories and it continues with an examination of the concrete circumstances that gave rise to modern neoclassical macroeconomic theories. The paper further claims that the current impasse in macroeconomics is indicative of the need for new directions in economic theory which becomes imperative in the long economic downturn that started in 2007 and concludes by suggesting the need for a synthesis between the classical analysis and the theory of effective demand.
How to transform economics? A philosophical appraisal
Authors: Kellecioglu Deniz
Published: December 2022

Ten years after the global financial crisis there is hardly any evidence that the theories, teaching and policies of mainstream economics have changed. This paper is an attempt to contribute to the greater understanding of this persistence, but also to the discussion on what the requirements are to materialise a transformation in economics, given the dismal outcomes in the world economy. The analytical approach of the paper is to utilise relevant philosophical accounts that point out attributes of dominant discourses, and methodological requirements to supersede an already dominant discourse. The objective is to contribute to an improved understanding of factors that obstruct or construct transformations in a knowledge field such as economics; and thereby contribute to transformation efforts, preferably for a more pluralist and emancipatory economics. Given the complexities and the tensions between different philosophical positions, the conclusions of this appraisal are summarised into five criteria that appear essential to realise a successful transformation in economics: critical juncture; dissimilarity; scholar validation; sensibility; and external power. It is suggested to revise efforts to fulfil these criteria as much, and as soon as possible, given the importance and urgency of changing the trajectory of our economies and societies.
A multidisciplinary-economic framework of analysis
Authors: Keizer Piet
Published: December 2022

Human motivation offers energy, and circumstances offer possibilities. Only in combination, human motivation and circumstance yield action. Over time, desires and opportunities, to satisfy them closely, interact with one another. Orthodox economics analyzes economic motivation in interaction with scarce natural resources. It assumes that perfect rationality and non-sociality create a so-called economic world and analyzes the economic mechanism of allocation of scarce resources. Neoclassical economists use this world as a theoretical foundation for their empirical research. Heterodox economics rejects this strategy of isolating one motivation, a strategy that ignores the psychic and the social problem. However, the heterodox idea of human motivation, being variable and endogenous, is badly analyzed. This leads the author to construct a psychic and a social world that is completely comparable with the agent-structure model of the economic world. The three isolated worlds are integrated by analyzing the interactions between the three worlds. In the integrated world, the economic structure, the psychic structure and the social structure are one another's foundations. This human world gives familiar economic concepts such as utility, efficiency, rationality, price, value, cost and benefit, a different meaning. Similarly, psychic concepts such as Self, willpower and personality and social concepts such as status, power, culture and morality, are given different meanings. To make the model more realistic, it should be made dynamic and historical and be placed in the context of the world as an open system.
On Amartya Sen's concept of sympathy
Authors: Peacock Mark
Published: December 2022

This paper examines Amartya Sen's concept of sympathy and the oversimplified, ambiguous and sometimes erroneous interpretations of this concept by Sen's interpreters. In the first section, two types of sympathy can be found in Sen's 'Rational fools' essay-a contemplative and an active type of which the former has conceptual primacy. Following this, active sympathy is examined to ascertain what Sen means by 'actions based on sympathy' and why he deems these to be 'egoistic'. Sen's understanding of egoism means that sympathy is not straightforwardly assimilable to the orthodox theory of rational choice. The section after that analyses the place of altruism in Sen's work and ascertains that altruism can be aligned both with sympathy and commitment, depending on the definition one uses. The final section compares sympathy and commitment and establishes that they are to be distinguished, not according to the welfare a person expects to obtain from making choices, but according to the reason which motivates that person to make a choice.
Morality and value neutrality in economics: a dualist view
Authors: Li Cheng
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a dualist view that economics exhibits the properties of both moral science and value-neutral approach, regardless of the normative-positive distinction. Our argumentation is derived from the understanding that, analytically, economics is a broadly-defined rational choice theory. As implied by this claim, on the one hand, economics behaves as a moral science for two main reasons: all economic theories and policy discussions are necessarily based on moral premises about means-end considerations; economics as an analytical approach can be and has been applied to explanations of a wide range of moral phenomena. On the other hand, since economists — without being informed of some ethical presuppositions of higher order — cannot deal with the comparisons among different value criteria, their approach remains neutral regarding judgmental positions, which should be given a priori to make economic enquiries possible. Ultimately, by this view we reconcile morality with value neutrality in economics, without slicing the discipline into two distinctive branches.
Marx’s Law of value and the ontology of labour: a Castoriadian critical point of view
Authors: Sobel Richard
Published: December 2022

In Marx’s thought, is ‘law of value’ a particular law of capitalism (historicism) or a general law of the economy (naturalism)? To clarify this ambiguity, this article proposes to employ the social ontology of Cornélius Castoriadis. For it, ‘labour’ is not a substance, but a recent historical creation through which, finally, the capitalist mode of production expresses a fundamental truth about all society’s way of being. From this perspective, we explore some consequences of this deconstruction for the theory of value as current neo-Marxist approaches may employ it today in their economic analyses.
Bir Yumuşak Güç Unsuru Olarak Hollywood Yapımlarında Doğulu Algısı ve Zero Dark Thirty Filmi Üzerine Eleştirel Söylem Analizi
Authors: ASLAN Mustafa , YETİMOVA Serhat
Published: December 2022

11 Eylül 2001'de El-Kaide’nin üstlendiği bir terör saldırısı ile Dünya Ticaret Merkezi kuleleri yerle bir edildikten sonra Amerika, saldırının sorumlusu olarak Usame Bin Ladin’in arama faaliyetlerine girişir. Bu süreç. Yaklaşık 10 yıllık bir süreyi bulan bir zaman dilimini kapsar. Zero Dark Thirty (2012) işte Amerikan istihbaratının bu süreci nasıl yönettiğini anlatması bakımından ilginç bir filmdir. Türkiye ve Dünyada ilginç tartışmalara neden olan film Hollywood üretim kalıpları içinde Amerikan hegemonyasının güncel bir versiyonunu oluşturur. Bu makale eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemini güç, iktidar, adalet, tarih ve öteki kavramlarından oluşan analiz kitini kullanarak filmin başlattığı tartışmayı analiz etmektedir. Gerek filmin ortaya koyduğu söylem gerek basında çıkan tartışmalar, diğer yandan tarihsel ve sosyolojik bağlamlar dikkate alındığında incelenen filmin öncekilerden tek farkının daha nitelikli bir senaryoyla ve daha etkili teknolojik donanımla çekilmiş olmasıdır. Amerikalılara göre terörün nedeni cihatçı İslami görüşlerdir. İslam, Amerikan değerleri ve yayılmacı politikalarına hizmet ettiği ölçüde muteber ve mukaddestir mesajı incelikli bir şekilde sunulmaktadır. Özünde Amerikan kapitalizmi, anti hümanist pozitivizm, bireysel pragmatizm gibi Amerikan devletinin ideolojik aygıtları görsel kompozisyon içinde öne çıkan unsurlar olarak varlığını devam ettirmektedir.