bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Exclusive 5‐exo‐dig Hydroarylation of o‐Alkynyl Biaryls Proceeding via C—H Activation Pathway.
Authors: Chernyak Natalia , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Dearomatizing, Thionium Ion Cyclization for the Synthesis of Functionalized, Azaspirocyclic Cyclohexadienones.
Authors: Ovens Caroline , Martin Nathaniel G. , Procter David J.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Michael Addition/Ylide Epoxidation for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohexadiene Epoxide Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Qing‐Gang , Deng Xian‐Ming , Zhu Ben‐Hu , Ye Long‐Wu , Sun Xiu‐Li , Li Chuan‐Ying , Zhu Chun‐Yin , Shen Qi , Tang Yong
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides with Thiophene‐ and Furanboronic Acids in Aqueous n‐Butanol.
Authors: Fleckenstein Christoph A. , Plenio Herbert
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Ritter Reactions of Chiral Cyclic N‐Acyliminium Ions: Synthesis of Pyrido‐ and Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]oxazoles and 4‐Hydroxy‐5‐N‐acylaminopyrrolidines and 5‐Hydroxy‐6‐N‐acylaminopiperidines.
Authors: Morgan Ian R. , Yazici Arife , Pyne Stephen G. , Skelton Brian W.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by [Hmim]HSO4 as a Powerful Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Khosropour Ahmad R.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Oxazolones by a Sequence of Cu(II)‐ and Au(I)‐Catalyzed Transformations.
Authors: Istrate Florin M. , Buzas Andrea K. , Jurberg Igor Dias , Odabachian Yann , Gagosz Fabien
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation Approaches to the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles under Microwave‐Accelerated and Conventional Thermal Conditions.
Authors: Viirre Russell D. , Evindar Ghotas , Batey Robert A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3‐(Phthalimidomethyl)‐4‐(5‐substituted isoxazoline and pyrazoline) Substituted Benzanilides.
Authors: Sahu S. K. , Azam Md. Afzal , Banerjee M. , Choudhury P. , Sutradhar S. , Panda P. K. , Misro P. K.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of N‐Substituted Dipolarophiles and Nitrones: Highly Efficient Solvent‐Free Reaction.
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Martel Arnaud , Dhal Robert , Dujardin Gilles
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Oxidative Rearrangement of Selenenylated Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Redon Sebastien , Pannecoucke Xavier , Franck Xavier , Outurquin Francis
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4,5,6,7,8‐Hexahydro‐1‐substituted Phenyl Isoquinoline and 3,4,5,6,7,8‐Hexahydro‐1‐substituted Benzyl Isoquinoline.
Authors: Borthakur Susanta Kr. , Goswami Birendra N.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Chloride/Silica Gel Supported Synthesis of Pyrano/Thiopyranoquinolines Through Intramolecular Imino Diels—Alder Reaction Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Ramesh Ekambaram , Vidhya Tarakkad Krishnaji Sree , Raghunathan Raghavachary
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Assembly of Fused Benzo[4,5]furo Heterocycles.
Authors: Liu Jing , Fitzgerald Anne E. , Mani Neelakandha S.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 2‐(N‐Alkylamino)‐pyrimidin‐4‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Li Jizhen , Kou Jingping , Luo Xuyang , Fan Erkang
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Two Step Synthesis of 5‐Cyano‐dihydropyrimidinones Using Polyphosphate Ester.
Authors: Schmidt Robert J. , Lombardo Louis J. , Traeger Sarah C. , Williams David K.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction: Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of 5‐Substituted‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐6‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Dutta Babul C. , Borthakur Susanta Kr. , Boruah Paran , Goswami Birendra N.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds: Reaction of Phosphorus‐Containing Carbenoids with Organoboranes.
Authors: Antczak Monika I. , Montchamp Jean‐Luc
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Nortriterpenoid Saponines from Stauntonia chinensis
Authors: Gao Hao , Wang Zhao , Yao Zhi‐Hong , Wu Ning , Dong Hua‐Jin , Li Jin , Wang Nai‐Li , Ye Wen‐Cai , Yao Xin‐Sheng
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Terpenoids from Turraea pubescens.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ning , Fan Cheng‐Qi , Yin Sheng , Lin Li‐Ping , Ding Jian , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Takaneones A—C, Prenylated Butylphloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum sikokumontanum.
Authors: Tanaka Naonobu , Kashiwada Yoshiki , Sekiya Michiko , Ikeshiro Yasumasa , Takaishi Yoshihisa
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Approach to Vinigrol.
Authors: Maimone Thomas J. , Voica Ana‐Florina , Baran Phil S.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution of Non‐Proteinogenic Amino Acids via Microbial Lipase‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Transesterification.
Authors: Miyazawa Toshifumi , Mio Motoe , Watanabe Yuko , Yamada Takashi
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Procedure for the Transformation of Acetonides into Diacetates Catalyzed with Bi(OTf)3×xH2O.
Authors: Wu Qin‐Pei , Zhou Ming‐Xin , Xi Diao‐Dong , Song Di , Wang Yuan , Liu Hai‐Xia , Li Yun‐Zheng , Zhang Qing‐Shan
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid from Stems of Nelumbo nucifera
Authors: Duan Xu Hong , Jiang Jian Qin
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Mueggelone, a Novel Inhibitor of Fish Development.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Somaiah R. , Ravindar K. , Chandraiah L.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Oxygenated Lignans from Kadsura philippinensis.
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Lin Yu‐Chi , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Chang Chia‐Ju , Lan Ting‐Wei , Liou Shorong‐Shii , Chien Ching‐Te , Liaw Chia‐Ching , Khalil Ashraf Taha
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Glycosides from the Stems of Miliusa balansae
Authors: Lei Yu , Wu Li‐Jun , Shi Hai‐Ming , Tu Peng‐Fei
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Lignans from Salvia santolinifolia.
Authors: Mehmood S. , Riaz N. , Ahmad Z. , Afza N. , Malik A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Scaffold Hopping in Drug Discovery Using Inductive Logic Programming.
Authors: Tsunoyama Kazuhisa , Amini Ata , Sternberg Michael J. E. , Muggleton Stephen H.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial QSAR Modeling of Specificity and Subtype Selectivity of Ligands Binding to Serotonin Receptors 5HT1E and 5HT1F.
Authors: Wang Xiang S. , Tang Hao , Golbraikh Alexander , Tropsha Alexander
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ranking Targets in Structure‐Based Virtual Screening of Three‐Dimensional Protein Libraries: Methods and Problems.
Authors: Kellenberger Esther , Foata Nicolas , Rognan Didier
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity Prediction of CYP1A2‐Mediated Phase I Metabolism.
Authors: Jung Jihoon , Kim Nam Doo , Kim Su Yeon , Choi Inhee , Cho Kwang‐Hwi , Oh Won Seok , Kim Doo Nam , No Kyoung Tai
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Homology Model‐Based Virtual Screening for GPCR Ligands Using Docking and Target‐Biased Scoring.
Authors: Radestock Sebastian , Weil Tanja , Renner Steffen
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Open‐Framework Structures of Transition‐Metal Compounds
Authors: Natarajan Srinivasan , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions Between Alkali Metals and Active Nitrogen
Authors: Vajenine Grigori V.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cross‐Linking Activities of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing a 4‐Oxoalkenal Group
Authors: Kobori Akio , Kobuchi Takashi , Ikeda Masato , Murakami Akira
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Metal Ion Mediated Double Helical Structures of Modified Oligonucleotides
Authors: Minowa Takahiro , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Watanabe Yuko , Ono Akira
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Asymmetric Inverse Electron Demand Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions of o‐Benzoquinone Derivatives and Ketene Enolates
Authors: Paull Daniel H. , Wolfer Jamison , Grebinski James W. , Weatherwax Anthony , Lectka Thomas
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Solid Catalysts and Related Catalytic Mechanisms for Epoxidation of Olefins with H2O2
Authors: Xie H. L. , Fan Y. X. , Zhou C. H. , Du Z. X. , Min E. Z. , Ge Z. H. , Li X. N.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Survey of Liquid Crystalline Oxadiazoles
Authors: Sparavigna A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimorpholines as Alternative Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Aldol Reactions
Authors: Kriis Kadri , Laars Marju , Lippur Kristin , Kanger Tonis
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Organometallics to Aldimines, Aldoximes and Aldononitriles: A Key Step Towards the Synthesis of Azasugars
Authors: Behr Jean‐Bernard , Plantier‐Royon Richard
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines by the Povarov Reaction. New Potentials of the Classical Reaction
Authors: Glushkov V. A. , Tolstikov A. G.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Principles of the Design of Nanostructures with Nucleic Acid Molecules as Building Blocks
Authors: Yevdokimov Yu. M. , Sytchev V. V.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Search for New Antagonist Ligands for Adenosine Receptors from QSAR Point of View. How Close Are We?
Authors: Gonzalez Maykel Perez , Teran Carmen , Teijeira Marta
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neurobiology with Caged Calcium
Authors: Ellis‐Davies Graham C. R.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Physicochemical Properties of Antibacterial Compounds: Implications for Drug Discovery
Authors: O'Shea Rosemarie , Moser Heinz E.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of 2D Supramolecular Architectures Assembled from Benzimidazolecarboxylato‐Bridged 1D Double‐Stranded Coordinating Chains Featuring Metallomacrocycles as Subunits
Authors: Ma Shulan , Zhang Die , Gao Song , He Yong , Ma Hui , Qi Chuanmin , Fan Cuihong , Chen Yufeng , Yang Xiaojing
Published: July 2008

Two new 2D supramolecular architectures [{Mn2(L1)2(H2O)2}·2CH3OH]n (1) and [{Mn2(L2)2(CH3OH)4}·2CH3OH·4(H2O)]n (2) were assembled from the newly synthesised semi‐rigid ligands H2L1 {2,6‐bis[(6‐carboxy‐2,4‐dimethylbenzimidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]pyridine} and H2L2 {2,6‐bis[(6‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐2‐propylbenzimidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]pyridine} by reaction with MnII ions. They both contain novel 1D double‐stranded coordinating chains with metallomacrocyclic subunits and dinuclear MnII subrings bridged by benzimidazolecarboxylato ions, the latter derived from the ligands. The differences in the steric hindrance of the methyl and propyl groups attached to the benzimidazole rings in H2L1 and H2L2 led to different coordinating modes of the carboxylato groups and, thus, aesthetically fascinating extended structures with useful magnetic properties. Variable‐temperature susceptibility measurements (2–300 K) revealed antiferromagnetic coupling interactions (J = –0.23 cm–1 for 1 and –0.92 cm–1 for 2) with values being within the reported range but differing from each other due to the distinct bridging modes of the carboxylato ions. The different crystal structures and magnetic properties of 1 and 2 are discussed in detail.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Accumulation and filtering of nanoparticles in microchannels using electrohydrodynamically induced vortical flows
Authors: Felten Maika , Staroske Wolfgang , Jaeger Magnus S. , Schwille Petra , Duschl Claus
Published: July 2008

We present an approach for the accumulation and filtering of nano‐ and microparticles in microfluidic devices that is based on the generation of electric traveling waves in the radio‐frequency range. Upon application of the electric field via a microelectrode array, complex particle trajectories and particle accumulation are observed in well‐defined regions in a microchannel. Through the quantitative mapping of the 3‐D flow pattern using two‐focus fluorescence cross‐correlation spectroscopy, two vortices could be identified as one of the sources of the force field that induces the formation of particle clouds. Dielectrophoretic forces that directly act on the particles are the second source of the force field. A thorough 2‐D finite element analysis identifies the electric traveling wave mechanism as the cause for the unexpected flow behavior observed. Based on these findings, strategies are discussed, first, for avoiding the vortices to optimize electrohydrodynamic micropumps and, secondly, for utilizing the vortices in the development of microdevices for efficient particle accumulation, separation, and filtering. Such devices may find numerous biomedical applications when highly diluted nano‐ and microsuspensions have to be processed.
Enrichment and separation of acidic and basic proteins using the centrifugal ultrafiltration followed by nanoparticle‐filled capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yu , Liu Chun‐Hung , Chang Hui‐Chiu , Tseng Wei‐Lung
Published: July 2008

This report describes a method for enrichment and separation of acidic and basic proteins using the centrifugal ultrafiltration followed by nanoparticle‐filled capillary electrophoresis. To improve stacking and separation efficiencies of proteins, the separation buffer containing 1.6% poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was added with gold nanoparticles (AuNP), poly(ethylene oxide), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and poly(vinyl alcohol). As a result, the use of AuNP as additives exhibited better efficiency in separation, stacking, and analysis time. Even for large‐volume samples (110 nL), the separation efficiencies of acidic and basic proteins remained greater than 104 and 105 plates/m, respectively. To further enhance detection sensitivity, protein samples were enriched using the centrifugal ultrafiltration, followed by our proposed stacking method. The detection sensitivity was improved up to 314‐fold compared to normal hydrodynamic injection. Additionally, the limits of detection at a signal‐to‐noise of 3 for most proteins were down to nanomolar range. We have validated the application of our method by means of analyses of 50 nM lysozyme in saliva samples. The proposed method was also successfully applied to the analyses of egg‐white proteins, which have large differences in molecular weight and pI.
Combination of solid‐phase extraction and large‐volume stacking with polarity switching in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the determination of traces of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in saliva
Authors: Almeda Sara , Arce Lourdes , Valcárcel Miguel
Published: July 2008

A reliable MEKC method for the identification and quantitation of traces of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ketoprofen, fenbufen and indomethacin in saliva is proposed. Using CE to analyze biological samples often requires suppressing the interferences and peak broadening typically resulting from high‐conductivity sample matrices. We addressed this problem by using Microcon®, a centrifugal filter device, to reduce the viscosity of saliva and exclude most higher‐molecular‐mass substances. This initial pretreatment was followed by the combined used of off‐line SPE to isolate and concentrate the analytes, and large‐volume stacking with polarity switching (LVSS) in the capillary. These two preconcentration steps allow the determination of NSAIDs at concentrations above 0.1 μg/L; therefore, the proposed SPE/LVSS/MEKC method affords a 500‐fold sensitivity enhancement relative to conventional CE injection. The LODs obtained afford the determination of NSAIDs in saliva, where analytes can be present at the microgram‐per‐liter level.
Quantile forecasting for credit risk management using possibly misspecified hidden Markov models
Authors: Banachewicz Konrad , Lucas André
Published: July 2008

Recent models for credit risk management make use of hidden Markov models (HMMs). HMMs are used to forecast quantiles of corporate default rates. Little research has been done on the quality of such forecasts if the underlying HMM is potentially misspecified. In this paper, we focus on misspecification in the dynamics and dimension of the HMM. We consider both discrete‐ and continuous‐state HMMs. The differences are substantial. Underestimating the number of discrete states has an economically significant impact on forecast quality. Generally speaking, discrete models underestimate the high‐quantile default rate forecasts. Continuous‐state HMMs, however, vastly overestimate high quantiles if the true HMM has a discrete state space. In the reverse setting the biases are much smaller, though still substantial in economic terms. We illustrate the empirical differences using US default data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms 5′ upstream the coding region of the NEIL2 gene influence gene transcription levels and alter levels of genetic damage
Authors: Kinslow Carla J. , El‐Zein Randa A. , Hill Courtney E. , Wickliffe Jeffrey K. , Abdel‐Rahman Sherif Z.
Published: July 2008

NEIL2 (EC 4.2.99.18), a mammalian DNA glycosylase and ortholog of the bacterial Fpg/Nei, excises oxidized DNA lesions from bubble or single‐stranded structures, suggesting its involvement in transcription‐coupled DNA repair. Because base excision repair (BER) proteins act collectively and in a progressive fashion, their proper balance is essential for optimal repair. Thus, inter‐individual variability in transcription levels of NEIL2 may predispose to compromised DNA repair capacity and genomic instability by altering the balance of critical BER proteins. In a study of lymphocytes of 129 healthy subjects, using absolute quantitative reverse transcription PCR, we found that NEIL2 transcription varied significantly (up to 63 fold) and that this variability was influenced by certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located 5′ of the start site. Using the mutagen sensitivity assay to characterize the biological significance of these SNPs, we observed a significant increase in mutagen‐induced genetic damage associated with two SNPs in the promoter region of the NEIL2 gene. To characterize the functional significance of these SNPs, we engineered luciferase‐reporter constructs of the NEIL2 promotor with mutations corresponding to these SNPs. We transfected these constructs into MRC‐5 cells and evaluated their impact on NEIL2 expression levels. Our results indicate that NEIL2 expression was significantly reduced by over 50% (P < 0.01) in the presence of two SNPs, ss74800505 and rs8191518, located near the NEIL2 start site, which were in significant linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 73%; P < 0.05). This first report on in vivo variability in NEIL2 expression in humans identifies SNPs in the NEIL2 promoter region that have functional effects. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of the dentate gyrus, CA3a,b, and CA3c for detecting spatial and environmental novelty
Authors: Hunsaker Michael R. , Rosenberg Jenna S. , Kesner Raymond P.
Published: July 2008

It has been suggested that the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 cooperate to efficiently process spatial information. The DG has been proposed to be important for fine spatial discrimination, and the CA3 has been proposed to mediate larger scale spatial information processing. To evaluate the roles of the DG and CA3a,b for spatial processing, we developed a task that measures responses to either overall environmental novelty or a response to more subtle changes within the environment. Animals with lesions to the DG showed impaired novelty detection for both environment as well as smaller changes in the environment, whereas animals with lesions to CA3a,b showed no such deficits. A closer look at the lesions suggested that the CA3 lesions included only CA3a and CA3b, but spared CA3c. To test the role of the spared CA3c region, animals with selective lesions to CA3c that spared CA3a,b were run on the same task and showed an intermediate pattern of deficits. These results suggest that the DG is critical for spatial information processing. These data also suggest that CA3 is a heterogeneous structure, with CA3c lesioned animals showing greater spatial processing deficits than CA3a,b lesioned animals. These findings extend our knowledge of hippocampal function and need to be accounted for in future computational models. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissociating space and trace in dorsal and ventral hippocampus
Authors: Czerniawski Jennifer , Yoon Taejib , Otto Tim
Published: July 2008

Emerging evidence suggests that the hippocampus can be anatomically and functionally dissociated along its septotemporal axis into dorsal and ventral subregions. With respect to function, we have recently demonstrated that pre‐training excitotoxic lesions of ventral, but not dorsal, hippocampus impair the acquisition of trace fear conditioning, whereas post‐training lesions of either dorsal or ventral hippocampus impair the subsequent expression of trace fear conditioning (Yoon and Otto (2007) Neurobiol Learn Mem 87:464–475). In addition to trace fear conditioning, dorsal and ventral hippocampus appear to be differentially involved in a number of spatial memory tasks. The present study examined the effects of temporary inactivation of dorsal or ventral hippocampus on the acquisition and expression of trace fear conditioning and on performance of a spatial delayed reinforced alternation task. The findings demonstrate a double dissociation of dorsal and ventral hippocampal function: inactivation of ventral, but not dorsal, hippocampus attenuated the acquisition and expression of trace fear conditioning, whereas inactivation of dorsal, but not ventral, hippocampus dramatically impaired performance in the delayed reinforced alternation task. These data further support the notion that dorsal and ventral hippocampus contribute differentially to performance in a variety of paradigms. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oligonucleotides Containing 7‐Deaza‐2′‐deoxyinosine as Universal Nucleoside: Synthesis of 7‐Halogenated and 7‐Alkynylated Derivatives, Ambiguous Base Pairing, and Dye Functionalization by the Alkyne–Azide ‘Click’ Reaction
Authors: Seela Frank , Ming Xin
Published: July 2008

Oligonucleotides containing 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyinosine derivatives bearing 7‐halogen substituents or 7‐alkynyl groups were prepared. For this, the phosphoramidites 2b–2g containing 7‐substituted 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyinosine analogues 1b–1g were synthesized (Scheme 2). Hybridization experiments with modified oligonucleotides demonstrate that all 2′‐deoxyinosine derivatives show ambiguous base pairing, as 2′‐deoxyinosine does. The duplex stability decreases in the order Cd>Ad>Td>Gd when 2b–2g pair with these canonical nucleosides (Table 6). The self‐complementary duplexes 5′‐d(F7c7I‐C)6, d(Br7c7I‐C)6, and d(I7c7I‐C)6 are more stable than the parent duplex d(c7I‐C)6 (Table 7). An oligonucleotide containing the octa‐1,7‐diyn‐1‐yl derivative 1g, i.e., 27, was functionalized with the nonfluorescent 3‐azido‐7‐hydroxycoumarin (28) by the Huisgen–Sharpless–Meldal cycloaddition ‘click’ reaction to afford the highly fluorescent oligonucleotide conjugate 29 (Scheme 3). Consequently, oligonucleotides incorporating the derivative 1g bearing a terminal CC bond show a number of favorable properties: i) it is possible to activate them by labeling with reporter molecules employing the ‘click’ chemistry. ii) Space demanding residues introduced in the 7‐position of the 7‐deazapurine base does not interfere with duplex structure and stability (Table 8). iii) The ambiguous pairing character of the nucleobase makes them universal probes for numerous applications in oligonucleotide chemistry, molecular biology, and nanobiotechnology.
Chemical Approach for the Study of the ‘Kissing Complex’ of Moloney murine leukaemia Virus
Authors: Porcher Sébastien
Published: July 2008

The replication of Moloney murine leukaemia virus relies on the formation of a stable homodimeric ‘kissing complex’ of a GACG tetraloop interacting through only two C⋅G base pairs flanked of 5′‐adjacent unpaired adenosines A9. Previous NMR investigations of a model stem loop 1 has not permitted to reveal the origin of this interaction. Therefore, with the aim of deeper comprehension of the phenomena, the model sequence 10 was prepared where position 9 has been substituted for a nucleoside offering a wider π‐stacking. In this context, the wyosine phosphoramidite building block 2 was prepared and incorporated by adapting the conditions of the automated synthesis and developing original templated enzymatic ligation. However, no ‘kissing interaction’ has been observed for this model sequence 10 due to steric hindrance as confirmed by computational simulation. Consequently, several other model sequences, 18, 23–26, containing modified nucleosides were prepared. Finally, the importance of the cross‐loop H‐bond between G8 and G11 nucleobases was revealed by preparing a 18mer RNA hairpin 27, where the guanosine G8 has been substituted for inosine. The latter, which does not possess a C3 amino function compared to guanosine, is unable to form any ‘kissing complex’ demonstrating the importance of this secondary interaction in the formation of the complex.
DNA Interactions of the Functionalized (Mixed Polypyridine)ruthenium(II) Complex Bis(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κN1,κN1′)(methyl dipyrido[3,2‐a : 2′,3′‐c]phenazine‐11‐carboxylate‐κN4,κN5)ruthenium(2+) ([Ru(bpy)2(dppz‐11‐CO2Me)]2+)
Authors: Tan Li‐Feng , Wang Fang , Chao Hui , Zhang Sheng , Fei Jun‐Jie , Ji Liang‐Nian
Published: July 2008

A novel polypyridine ligand, dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine‐11‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (=dppz‐11‐CO2Me), and its ruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(bpy)2(dppz‐11‐CO2Me)]2+ (1), were synthesized and characterized. The binding properties of this complex to calf‐thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) were investigated by different spectrophotometric methods and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that the complex binds to DNA in an intercalative mode and serves as a molecular ‘light switch’ for DNA. When irradiated at 365 nm, the complex 1 promoted the photocleavage of plasmid pBR‐322 DNA.
Synthesis and Conformational Studies of a Hybrid Cyclic Peptide Based on cis‐β‐Furanoid Sugar Amino Acid (FSAA) and Ornithine
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srivari , Saritha Birudaraju , Naresh Police , Udayakiran Marelli , Raji Reddy Chada , Jagadeesh Bharatam
Published: July 2008

The conformational control of a 14‐helix nucleating template, cis‐β‐furanoid sugar amino acid (FSAA), over a flexible δ‐amino acid, ornithine is studied in a FSAA‐ornithine cyclic tetrapeptide. Extensive NMR and MD studies reveal that the cyclic peptide adopts a three‐dimentional bowl‐shape cavity, which promotes six‐ and seven‐membered intra‐ and inter‐residue H‐bonding, in polar and non‐polar solvents, respectively.
Scholastic achievement of children with lymphoma or Wilms tumor at the end of comprehensive education—A nationwide, register‐based study
Authors: Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Sankila Risto , Pukkala Eero , Kyyrönen Pentti , Harila‐Saari Arja
Published: July 2008

Cancer treatment may affect school performance. School report grades after childhood lymphomas and Wilms tumor have not been previously reported. All Finnish patients with Wilms tumor (N = 74), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (N = 99) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (N = 94) who were born in 1974–1986 and had achieved the age of 16 years were identified from the Finnish cancer registry. Population controls (N = 1329) were matched for age, gender and residence. Their 9th grade school reports were obtained from Statistics Finland. The overall average and grades for mother tongue, first foreign language, mathematics and physical education were compared between the patients and their controls. Almost all the patients (>98%) had finished their comprehensive school. NHL patients had lower overall averages than their controls (difference −0.27 grade units; 95% CI −0.39, −0.15). Irradiation or age at diagnosis did not explain this difference in NHL patients. The grades of NHL patients were significantly lower than those of their controls in each academic school subject, especially in mathematics (−0.45; 95% CI −0.63, −0.27). In mother tongue, girls with irradiation had greatest difference (−0.66, 95% CI −0.99, −0.34) to their controls. Patients with HL and Wilms tumor performed similarly or even better than their controls in all academic subjects. Grades for physical education were impaired in Wilms tumor patients (−0.20; 95% CI −0.33, −0.06). Impairment of school report grades was observed in patients with NHL. The difference to controls was greatest in mathematics. The patients with HL and Wilms tumor, who had not received any central nervous system directed therapy, achieved equally good grades as their controls in all the academic subjects. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear microenvironments and cancer
Authors: Stein Gary S. , Davie James R. , Knowlton J. Randy , Zaidi Sayyed K.
Published: July 2008

Nucleic acids and regulatory proteins are architecturally organized in nuclear microenvironments. The compartmentalization of regulatory machinery for gene expression, replication and repair, is obligatory for fidelity of biological control. Perturbations in the organization, assembly and integration of regulatory machinery have been functionally linked to the onset and progression of tumorigenesis. The combined application of cellular, molecular, biochemical and in vivo genetic approaches, together with structural biology, genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics, will likely lead to new approaches in cancer diagnostics and therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1949–1952, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (107–139) increases human osteoblastic cell survival by activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2
Authors: Alonso Verónica , de Gortázar Arancha R. , Ardura Juan A. , Andrade‐Zapata Irene , Alvarez‐Arroyo M. Victoria , Esbrit Pedro
Published: July 2008

Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) (107–139), in contrast to the N‐terminal fragment PTHrP (1–36), has been shown to interact with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system to modulate human osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we evaluated whether this interaction might affect human osteoblastic cell survival. Pre‐incubation with PTHrP (107–139) for 1–24 h dose‐dependently (0.1–100 nM) inhibited dexamethasone‐ or etoposide‐induced cell death in human osteoblastic MG‐63 cells and human osteoblast‐like cells from trabecular bone. This effect, but not that elicited by PTHrP (1–36), was abolished by the VEGF receptor (VEGFR)‐2 inhibitors SU5614 and SU1498 or VEGFR‐2 siRNA transfection in these cells. PTHrP (107–139), but not PTHrP (1–36), at 100 nM, rapidly (within 2 min) increased VEGFR‐2 tyrosine‐phosphorylation in MG‐63 cells; an effect unaffected by several inhibitors of metalloproteinases, neutralizing VEGF165 or VEGFR‐2 antibodies, or the VEGF binding inhibitor CBO‐PP1. The latter two antagonists also failed to affect 125I‐[Tyr116] PTHrP (107–115) binding to these cells. Consistent with its effect on VEGFR‐2 activation, PTHrP (107–139) rapidly induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and Akt activaton, and both ERK and phosphatidylinsositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors abolished its pro‐survival effect in human osteoblastic cells. In addition, SU5614 and the latter two types of inhibitors abrogated Runx2 activation by this peptide in MG‐63 cells. Transfection with a dominant‐negative Runx2 construct abolished the pro‐survival effect of PTHrP (107–139), associated with a decrease in Bcl‐2/Bax protein ratio. Our findings demonstrate that PTHrP (107–139) interacts with VEGFR‐2 to promote human osteoblastic cell survival by a mechanism involving Runx2 activation. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 717–727, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.