bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in facial width according to the ostectomy level of the proximal bone segment in intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy for mandibular prognathism
Authors: Kang Sang-Hoon , Kang Min-Jun , Kim Min-Ji , Kim Moon-Key
Published: April 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate the changes in facial width according to the ostectomy level of the proximal segment after orthognathic surgery using intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) in patients with mandibular prognathism.

Methods

The participants included 32 individuals who were diagnosed with class III malocclusion prior to surgery. All participants underwent orthognathic surgery using either version of IVRO. The surgery patients were categorized into two groups depending on the type of proximal bone-segment ostectomy technique used: patients whose osteotomy height was at the level of the mandibular tooth occlusal surface (the mandibular tooth surface–level group) and patients whose osteotomy height was at the level of the mandibular inferior border (the mandibular inferior border–level group). The distances between the mandibular width and soft tissue width at the height of the sigmoid notch, mandibular foramen, and alveolar bone and at the anterior-posterior location of the mandibular condyle, mandibular foramen, and coronoid process were compared between the groups. All data were compared to identify differences between preoperative and postoperative measurements.

Results

The postoperative change in facial soft tissue width at the intersection of the coronal plane with the coronoid process and the horizontal plane at the height of the mandibular alveolar bone in the group with osteotomy at the level of the mandibular occlusal surface differed significantly from that in the group with osteotomy at the level of the mandibular inferior border, with respective increases (mean ± SD) of 1.3 ± 3.5% and 4.7 ± 5.6%, compared to preoperative measurements (p = 0.050).

Conclusions

Proximal segment ostectomy at the level of the mandibular occlusal surface must be considered with regard to postoperative facial soft tissue width in vertical ramus osteotomy. Additionally, it is necessary to study the visual effect of the width of the mandible appearing small because of the posterior position of the mandible, even when the mandibular facial width is maintained.
Spectrum of thoracic systemic venous abnormalities using multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Shehata Samar , Abdulmonaem Ghada , Gamal Aya , Assy Mostafa
Published: April 2022

Background

Anomalies of the thoracic systemic venous return vary widely and range from those with completely normal physiology to severe right to left shunting thus requiring surgical correction. The aim of the study is to enhance the awareness of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) role in evaluation of systemic venous abnormalities, and be familiar with the imaging characteristics of even the extremely rare abnormalities.

Results

Among 270 examined patients, 15.19% had systemic venous abnormalities. Inferior vena cava (IVC) congenital anomalies accounted for (24.4%) of the detected abnormalities (prevalence: 3.7% among the studied population) where IVC interruption with azygos continuation was the most common detected IVC abnormality accounting for 17.7% of the detected abnormalities (prevalence: 2.6%), while IVC thrombosis accounted for 21.9% (prevalence: 3.3%). Persistent left sided superior vena cava (SVC) accounted for 14.6% of the detected abnormalities (prevalence: 2.2%), while SVC syndrome represented 19.5% (prevalence: 2.9%) and SVC aneurysm represented 2.4% (prevalence: 0.37%). Retroaortic brachiocephalic vein (BCV) and BCV thrombosis accounted for 7.3% each (prevalence: 1.1). Finally, persistent levo-atrial cardinal vein represented 2.4% of the detected abnormalities (prevalence: 0.37%).

Conclusions

MDCT is a non-invasive modality that can provide detailed information about the systemic thoracic veins before surgical or interventional procedures, especially in patients with congenital anomalies.
An exploratory case study investigating the implementation of a novel knowledge translation strategy in a pandemic: the Pandemic Practice Champion
Authors: Stevens Bonnie , Bueno Mariana , Rao Megha , Almeida Christabelle , Cotic Anna , Streitenberger Laurie , Fleming-Carroll Bonnie , Breen-Reid Karen
Published: April 2022

Background

The clinical Pandemic Practice Champion (PPC) role was created in a large tertiary pediatric hospital as a knowledge translation (KT) strategy for implementing COVID-19 evidence-based knowledge. We aimed to describe the core components of the PPC role, the process of implementing the role, and the factors that hindered or facilitated role implementation.

Methods

An exploratory case study was undertaken. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually with stakeholders including PPC, managers, and front-line health care professionals (HCP). A directed approach to qualitative content analysis consistent with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided the analytic process. Inductive analyses and three stages of thematic synthesis were also conducted.

Results

Four PPC, 3 managers, and 6 HCP were interviewed. The core components of the PPC role consisted of (a) acting as knowledge experts and educators, (b) problem-solving for complex patient care issues, (c) conducting crisis management, and (d) acting as a resource to management, HCP, and families. Facilitators for successful implementation included access to external information, a supportive organizational context and culture, dedicated time and resources, and leadership support. Lack of clarity of role definition, insufficient time, pandemic uncertainty and fatigue, inability to change infrastructure, and access to external information hindered implementation.

Conclusion

The PPC role was successfully implemented within a crisis context. Key barriers (role clarity, time, resources) and facilitators (organizational and leadership support) need to be considered when implementing the PPC role in practice. Future studies are needed to determine the intervention effectiveness of the champion role in changing HCP behavior and health outcomes and further examine implementation processes and mechanisms.
Changing Trends in Estrogen Receptors/Progesterone Receptors/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Prevalence Rates Among Jordanian Patients With Breast Cancer Over the Years
Authors: Alsughayer Anas M. , Dabbagh Tamara Z. , Abdel-Razeq Rashid H. , Al-Jussani Ghada N. , Alhassoon Salam , Sughayer Maher A.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

Estrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptors (PRs), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are the mainstay of breast cancer management, and their prevalence rates vary among different populations possibly related to ethnic/genetic and/or socioeconomic status. In a previous study conducted at the King Hussein Cancer Center (published 2006), Jordan ER/PR/HER2 rates for patients diagnosed in 2003-2004 were 50.8%/57.5%/17.5%, respectively. The aim of this study is to revisit the prevalence rates to see if they have changed over the years with changing socioeconomic status.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We retrieved clinicopathologic data of all patients (1,185) diagnosed with breast cancer during 2018. The data included age, histologic type, grade, and ER/PR/HER2 status as determined by immunohistochemistry and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER2.

RESULTS

The mean age of patients was 52 (median = 51, range = 25-92) years, and the majority (73.2%) had invasive carcinoma of no special type. ER/PR/HER2 were 77.0%/72.4%./23.8%, respectively. Triple-negative breast cancers were 10.1%. In comparison with previous results of 2006, the changes are statistically significant. Similar changes were seen in other Middle Eastern populations. The current rates are close to those of Western populations.

CONCLUSION

Rates of ER/PR/HER2 expression have significantly changed and are close to those of Western populations for ER/PR. We propose that such changes are secondary to the adoption of a westernized lifestyle and socioeconomic changes.
Characterizing the Effects of Nasal Prong Interfaces on Aerosol Deposition in a Preterm Infant Nasal Model
Authors: Bass Karl , Momin Mohammad A. M. , Howe Connor , Aladwani Ghali , Strickler Sarah , Kolanjiyil Arun V. , Hindle Michael , DiBlasi Robert M. , Longest Worth
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of multiple nasal prong interface configurations on nasal depositional loss of pharmaceutical aerosols in a preterm infant nose-throat (NT) airway model. Benchmark in vitro experiments were performed in which a spray-dried powder formulation was delivered to a new preterm NT model with a positive-pressure infant air-jet dry powder inhaler using single- and dual-prong interfaces. These results were used to develop and validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of aerosol transport and deposition in the NT geometry. The validated CFD model was then used to explore the NT depositional characteristic of multiple prong types and configurations. The CFD model highlighted a turbulent jet effect emanating from the prong(s). Analysis of NT aerosol deposition efficiency curves for a characteristic particle size and delivery flowrate (3 µm and 1.4 L/min (LPM)) revealed little difference in NT aerosol deposition fraction (DF) across the prong insertion depths of 2–5 mm (DF = 16–24%) with the exception of a single prong with 5-mm insertion (DF = 36%). Dual prongs provided a modest reduction in deposition vs. a single aerosol delivery prong at the same flow for insertion depths < 5 mm. The presence of the prongs increased nasal depositional loss by absolute differences in the range of 20–70% compared with existing correlations for ambient aerosols. In conclusion, the use of nasal prongs was shown to have a significant impact on infant NT aerosol depositional loss prompting the need for prong design alterations to improve lung delivery efficiency.

Graphical Abstract
The Causal Relationships Between Sleep-related Phenotypes and Body Composition: A Mendelian Randomized Study
Authors: Chen Yujing , Li Chun’e , Cheng Shiqiang , Pan Chuyu , Zhang Huijie , Zhang Jingxi , Zhang Zhen , Yao Yao , Cheng Bolun , Liu Li , Meng Peilin , Yang Xuena , Jia Yumeng , Wen Yan , Zhang Feng
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite cumulative evidence showing obesity is associated with changes in sleep quality and quantity, the study about the relationships between sleep and body composition is scarce, and whether the relationship is causal remains unknown. In this study, we examined whether there are causal associations between sleep and body composition.

Methods

First, we estimated genetic correlations between sleep-related phenotypes and body composition using the linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then conducted to test 2-way causal relationships on phenotypes with significant genetic associations. Finally, Bayesian colocalization (COLOC) analysis was performed to calculate the posterior probability of causal variation and identify the common genes to verify the results of MR.

Results

For the LDSC analysis, we observed some significant genetic correlations (rG), such as snoring and right leg fat mass (rG = 0.376, P = 7.21 × 10−80). For the MR analysis, we identified some significant causal relationships, such as snoring is the causal risk factor for whole-body fat-free mass (Pweighted median = 1.28 × 10−6, PMR-PRESSO = 1.35 × 10−7), dozing is the causal risk factor for right leg fat mass (Pweighted median = 9.22 × 10−4, PMR-PRESSO = 9.55 × 10−4), and right arm fat mass (Pweighted median = 1.11 × 10−40, PMR-PRESSO = 4.93 × 10−55) is the causal risk factor for snoring. For the COLOC analysis, we identified rs143384 mapping on GDF5 and 6 overlapped single nucleotide polymorphisms (eg, rs1421085, rs11642015) mapping on FTO.

Conclusion

Our study identified the causal relationships between sleep-related phenotypes and body composition. These findings may give insights into the mechanism of sleep disturbances and provide novel therapeutic targets.
1,2-Rearrangement from o-Quinols to Multisubstituted Catechols via Retro Diels-Alder Reaction of o-Quinol Dimers
Authors: Hashimoto Riichi , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Higashibayashi Shuhei
Published: April 2022

The 1,2-rearrangement of o-quinols has been a long-standing unsolved problem since 1958. Although the rearrangement is expected to be useful for syntheses of catechol derivatives, it is hampered by many competing reactions and has not been developed as a useful methodology. Here, we succeeded in settling this problem by a first systematic thorough investigation, establishing the 1,2-rearrangement as a cascade reaction with a retro Diels-Alder reaction from o-quinol dimers. This is a useful strategy for syntheses of substituted catechols used as synthetic building blocks for bioactive compounds and material molecules. o-Quinol dimers were synthesized by improved oxidative hydroxylation of substituted phenols followed by spontaneous Diels-Alder reaction. The dimers then underwent the retro Diels-Alder reaction to regenerate the o-quinols followed by 1,2-rearrangement under neutral heating conditions at an appropriate temperature depending on the migratory substituent, furnishing substituted catechols in good yields. The competing reactions such as an elimination of a substituent or α-ketol rearrangement were minimized by controlling the reaction temperature.
Comparison of Physical Activity Environments in Michigan Home-Based and Licensed Childcare Programs
Authors: Clevenger Kimberly A. , Pfeiffer Karin A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction/Purpose

Physical activity in young children is influenced by the childcare physical activity environment. Identifying differences between home-based programs and licensed centers can inform future interventions to facilitate physical activity and its benefits for all children. Our purpose was to compare the physical activity environment in home-based (n = 70) and licensed (n = 54) childcares.

Methods

Teachers/directors completed an electronic survey regarding respondent/program characteristics, the outdoor/indoor environment, and barriers to promoting physical activity. T-tests and Fisher’s exact tests compared outcomes by program type.

Results

Home-based programs had more overall (+1.5), active (+0.5), and attractive (+0.6) natural elements, and more portable or fixed (+1.9), creative fixed (+0.9), and screen time (+0.7) equipment compared with licensed centers, which were rated higher quality (+8.9 out of 50 points). Home-based programs provided more indoor time for physical activity (+2.1 min·h−1) and naptime (+3.1 min·h−1), similar outdoor and television time, longer bouts of indoor teacher-led activity (+6.1 min), and higher levels of activity while indoors (+0.5 on a scale from 1 to 7) compared with licensed centers. The most commonly reported barrier to promoting activity was cost of equipment (82.9%–87.8% of programs).

Conclusions

Despite being rated as lower quality by the state, home-based programs have many physical-activity-promoting attributes. Although some of our findings are in contrast to the extant literature, this may be due to the strong policies regarding home-based childcare programs in place in Michigan. Future research may aim to compare with other states and understand how these environmental differences impact physical activity participation.
Spatial-temporal data analysis of digital twin
Authors: He Xing , Ai Qian , Pan Bo , Tang Lei , Qiu Robert
Published: April 2022

Background: Digital Twin (DT) has proven to be one of the most promising technologies for routine monitoring and management of complex systems with uncertainties.

Methods: Our work, which is mainly concerned with heterogeneous spatial-temporal data, focuses on exploring data utilization methodology in DT. The goal of this research is to summarize the best practices that make the spatial-temporal data analytically tractable in a systematic and quantifiable manner. Some methods are found to handle those data via jointly spatial-temporal analysis in a high-dimensional space effectively. We provide a concise yet comprehensive tutorial on spatial-temporal analysis considering data, theories, algorithms, indicators, and applications. The advantages of our spatial-temporal analysis are discussed, including model-free mode, solid theoretical foundation, and robustness against ubiquitous uncertainty and partial data error. Finally, we take the condition-based maintenance of a real digital substation in China as an example to verify our proposed spatial-temporal analysis mode.

Results: Our proposed spatial-temporal data analysis mode successfully turned raw chromatographic data, which are valueless in low-dimensional space, into an informative high-dimensional indicator. The designed high-dimensional indicator could capture the ’insulation’ correlation among the sampling data over a long time span. Hence it is robust against external noise, and may support decision-making. This analysis is also adaptive to other daily spatial-temporal data in the same form.

Conclusions: This exploration and summary of spatial-temporal data analysis may benefit the fields of both engineering and data science.
Planar cell polarity protein-dependent basal cell height in the later stage embryonic mouse epidermis impacts on the shape of overlying suprabasal cells
Authors: Hobbs Carl , Formstone Caroline J.
Published: April 2022

Background: Complex organ formation requires the coordinated morphogenesis of adjacent tissue layers. Here, a role for the planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins Fz6 and Celsr1 in generating squamous basal cells in the later stage embryonic epidermis of the mouse is reported, which impacts upon the shape of overlying suprabasal cells.

Methods: The depth of the epidermis and basal layer as well as cell proliferation index was scored from immunostained wax sections taken from different mouse embryos mutant in planar cell polarity signalling and their wild-type littermates. Orientation of epidermal cell division in Celsr1 Crash/Crash mutants was determined from thick frozen immunostained sections. Immunostained wax sections of wild-type skin explants cultured using the Lumox method enabled any changes in epidermal and basal layer depth to be measured following the release of surface tension upon dissection of skin away from the whole embryo. 

Results: Increased numbers of columnar and cuboidal basal epidermal cells were observed in fz6 and Celsr1 mouse mutants including Celsr1 Crash/Crash which correlated with more rounded suprabasal cells and a thicker epidermis.

Conclusions: Altogether these data support tissue intrinsic roles for PCP proteins in ‘outside-in’ (radial) skin architecture.
The Level of Digital Competence of Students as a Condition for the Readiness of Future Teachers to Use Digital Technologies in the Educational Process
Authors: Manuzuna E. , Horoshilova M. , Artemyeva S.
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes Russian and foreign approaches to establishing the relationship between the level of digital competence of students as a condition for the readiness of future teachers to use digital technologies in the educational process.

The purpose of this study is to diagnose the level of digital competencies among students and interpret the data obtained.

Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign experience in the development of digital competencies among university students, a questionnaire was developed to assess the level of formation of digital skills and abilities. Data collection was carried out through an online survey of pedagogical university students using a structured questionnaire. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that the students of the pedagogical university demonstrated a sufficiently high level of digital competence.

Future teachers demonstrated high results in such competencies as the use of digital solutions for effective communication with both teachers and students; the creation of their educational materials and assignments on subjects using a computer; modification and exchange of digital materials; the use of the Internet to search for information resources, comparison, evaluation and selection of digital resources; knowledge of the basics of digital security; the use of digital technologies at different stages of training and in the implementation of various organizational forms of training (lectures, practical classes, consultations, tests, exams, individual and group work, including on a project), including for self-organization and self-control and creative (productive) solutions of educational tasks.
ExpertRNA: A New Framework for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction
Authors: Liu Menghan , Poppleton Erik , Pedrielli Giulia , Šulc Petr , Bertsekas Dimitri P.
Published: April 2022

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a fundamental biological molecule that is essential to all living organisms, performing a versatile array of cellular tasks. The function of many RNA molecules is strongly related to the structure it adopts. As a result, great effort is being dedicated to the design of efficient algorithms that solve the “folding problem”—given a sequence of nucleotides, return a probable list of base pairs, referred to as the secondary structure prediction. Early algorithms largely rely on finding the structure with minimum free energy. However, the predictions rely on effective simplified free energy models that may not correctly identify the correct structure as the one with the lowest free energy. In light of this, new, data-driven approaches that not only consider free energy, but also use machine learning techniques to learn motifs are also investigated and recently been shown to outperform free energy–based algorithms on several experimental data sets. In this work, we introduce the new ExpertRNA algorithm that provides a modular framework that can easily incorporate an arbitrary number of rewards (free energy or nonparametric/data driven) and secondary structure prediction algorithms. We argue that this capability of ExpertRNA has the potential to balance out different strengths and weaknesses of state-of-the-art folding tools. We test ExpertRNA on several RNA sequence-structure data sets, and we compare the performance of ExpertRNA against a state-of-the-art folding algorithm. We find that ExpertRNA produces, on average, more accurate predictions of nonpseudoknotted secondary structures than the structure prediction algorithm used, thus validating the promise of the approach.

Summary of Contribution: ExpertRNA is a new algorithm inspired by a biological problem. It is applied to solve the problem of secondary structure prediction for RNA molecules given an input sequence. The computational contribution is given by the design of a multibranch, multiexpert rollout algorithm that enables the use of several state-of-the-art approaches as base heuristics and allowing several experts to evaluate partial candidate solutions generated, thus avoiding assuming the reward being optimized by an RNA molecule when folding. Our implementation allows for the effective use of parallel computational resources as well as to control the size of the rollout tree as the algorithm progresses. The problem of RNA secondary structure prediction is of primary importance within the biology field because the molecule structure is strongly related to its functionality. Whereas the contribution of the paper is in the algorithm, the importance of the application makes ExpertRNA a showcase of the relevance of computationally efficient algorithms in supporting scientific discovery.
Features Selection as a Nash-Bargaining Solution: Applications in Online Advertising and Information Systems
Authors: Keshanian Kimia , Zantedeschi Daniel , Dutta Kaushik
Published: April 2022

Feature selection is a fundamental problem in online advertising, as features usually need to be purchased from third parties, and they are costly. Although many feature selection techniques can be used in online advertising and the general information systems (IS) domain, their performance is often context specific. Therefore, the literature of IS is suffering from a lack of adequate and generic methods. In this study, we address this issue by proposing a novel approach that employs ideas from the field of cooperative game theory. We derive a (continuous) second-order cone program that any convex programming solver can solve for determining the best subset of features. We show the efficacy of our proposed method on a real-life online advertising case study. We demonstrate that our proposed approach performs better in accuracy, precision, recall, and F-1 score than the best of the other approaches with much fewer features. Also, to illustrate that our method’s benefits are not limited to the context of online advertising, we perform an extensive set of simulations and consider a well-established real-life data set drawn from the UCI Machine Learning Repository at the University of California, Irvine.

Summary of Contribution: Selecting the best subset of features is an important problem in the context of online advertising and, more broadly, in the field of information systems because firms usually need to buy costly data to model and forecast economic outcomes. In this study, we propose a novel methodology for addressing this problem. The proposed method employs the concept of the Nash bargaining solution in cooperative game theory to create a good balance between maximizing the fit while minimizing the noise when selecting the best subset of features. We apply the method to a real-life online advertising case study, providing superior performance in predicting and interpreting the features. Moreover, we show that the proposed method applies to a broader range of feature selection problems. We conduct a comprehensive computational study on simulated regression data sets and other real-life classification data sets widely available in the machine learning domain. The result of these efforts indicates that our method is robust in terms of prediction accuracy by outperforming several state-of-the-art techniques.
From Local to Global: Offshoring and Asset Prices
Authors: Bretscher Lorenzo
Published: April 2022

Industries differ in the extent to which they can offshore their production. I document that industries with low offshoring potential carry a sizeable risk premium compared with industries with high offshoring potential, suggesting that the possibility to offshore affects industry risk. A two-country dynamic trade model in which offshoring allows firms to secure market share against foreign competitors can rationalize the empirical findings.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4393 .
Restauração de casco em jabuti-tinga (Chelonoidis denticulata)
Authors: Santos Andressa Mouzinho , Araújo Jucileide Souza de , Rodrigues Marcio Nogueira
Published: April 2022

Dentro da rotina clínica veterinária de animais silvestres, no que se refere aos quelônios, é frequente o atendimento de casos de fratura de carapaça e de plastrão em decorrência de atropelamento, esmagamento, quedas e acidentes com animais domésticos. A literatura técnica apresenta diferentes materiais para correção de fraturas de casco como a resina de epóxi, acrílicos dentais, fita de acetato de celulose associado ao adesivo tecidual cianoacrilato, cintas plásticas, fibras de vidro e fios de sutura fixados a furos no casco ou parafusos. Contudo, há poucos relatos disponíveis sobre a utilização destes métodos na rotina prática. Assim, o presente relato teve como objetivo descrever a restauração de casco em um jabuti-tinga (Chelonoidis denticulata) utilizando resina epóxi, bem como o tratamento clínico antimicrobiano e antiinflamatório necessário previamente à restauração
Leishmaniose visceral na região tocantina do Maranhão - relato de caso
Authors: Milhomem Layla de Sousa Castro , Santos Juciê Leite dos , Batista Ana Christina Silva , Ramos Lívia Pereira , Silva Marciara Lopes , Acioly Thiago Machado da Silva , Viana Diego Carvalho
Published: April 2022

A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é considerada pela OMS como uma das doenças mais negligenciadas do mundo. Diante disso, objetivamos descrever um caso de LV e o tratamento na cidade de Porto Franco, Maranhão, Brasil. A suspeita da LV no jovem surge a partir da iniciativa do responsável em realizar uma ultrassonografia do abdômen e exames complementares que constataram esplenomegalia. Os resultados foram confirmados pelo exame reagente para Leishmania, Donovani-anticorpo IGM. O tratamento consistiu na administração diária de três ampolas de Glucantime/20 dias. Portanto, o diagnóstico prévio, acompanhamento médico e tratamento adequado são necessários para a não evolução clínica da doença.
Developing pre-registration nurses' resilience to mass casualty situations through the pedagogy of simulation
Authors: Morgan Sara , Jones Bridie
Published: April 2022

Simulation has become a core component of nursing curricula worldwide. Within a three-year, pre-registration degree, typically students would not be exposed to disaster-type situations and it was believed that a well-coordinated simulation exercise could replicate this. It was hoped that the simulation would require students to think quickly on their feet and transfer acquired skills. Worldwide disasters, including the current novel coronavirus, have heightened the need for well-prepared, resilient health professionals capable of responding to many different types of emergencies, including mass casualty situations. The simulated event involved 80 adult field student nurses, 19 probationer police officers, 6 photojournalism students, two Welsh Ambulance paramedics, five staff from 203 Field Hospital, two St John Cymru Wales officers, one community first responder and six Fire and Rescue personnel. All these individuals came together to undertake a simulated emergency response to a mass casualty incident. Behaviours and clinical skills were observed throughout the event, along with interprofessional interactions.
Service evaluation of a COVID-19 critical care orientation programme
Authors: Carter Chris , Aedy Helen , Osborn Michelle , Rooney Martine , Notter Joy
Published: April 2022

Background:

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, south London had the highest number of COVID-19 patients admitted to critical care. At one hospital, staff being redeployed to critical care were invited to attend an orientation to critical care workshop.

Aim:

To carry out a service evaluation of the training outcomes from rapidly redeployed staff who completed the workshop during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–July 2020).

Methods:

Two stages were used, the first was a post-workshop evaluation questionnaire completed immediately after the training, with the second involving a single centre e-survey questionnaire two months later.

Findings:

In total 131 health professionals attended the workshop, and 124 (95%) post-course evaluations were completed. Some 116 staff were contacted for the e-survey, with a response rate of 34% (n=40). Overall, the training was well evaluated. Of the 40 respondents, 70% (n=28) had volunteered, but only just over half (n=21, 52%) went on to work in critical care.

Conclusion:

This article describes the organisational response of one NHS acute hospital to the unprecedented challenges that arose from the COVID-19 pandemic. The service evaluation identified the importance of a pedagogical approach, which not only delivered clinical content, but also allayed anxiety for health professionals preparing to work in a new environment.
The Fixed/Removable Interface: A Case Report
Authors: Mashoof Siavash
Published: April 2022

An 86 year old lady presented with numerous missing teeth, failing restorations, unstable dentures and a fractured provisional crown on her upper left canine. After a thorough pre-operative assessment and diagnostic planning, provisional restorations were provided to help the definitive treatment planning. The prosthodontic treatment involved fixed prostheses in the maxillary arch, followed by maxillary and mandibular tooth and mucosa supported cobalt chromium removable prostheses. This was provided at an increased occluso-vertical dimension in centric relation.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article illustrates techniques to optimize removable partial prostheses by using abutment teeth to their full potential.
Biologics and Dentistry: Implications for Dental Treatment and Patient Management
Authors: Dhami Amrit , Culshaw Shauna
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the implications of biologics on dental treatment and patient management. There is limited information available on the dental relevance of biologics, and, with increasing numbers of patients undertaking biological therapy for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and osteoporosis among other conditions, comprehensive research is needed. Information gathered from clinical trials and literature reviews was used to consolidate information for general dental practitioners (GDPs).

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To update GDPs on biologics, highlight the importance of taking a thorough medical history and encourage discussion on management of patients taking biologics in general dental practice.
Madame Bovary (em cordel); Bola de Sebo (em cordel) e A Dama das Camélias (em cordel): transposições de perfis femininos em cordel
Authors: Corsi Margarida da Silveira
Published: April 2022

Inserida na esfera da literatura popular, “como sinônimo de poesia popular em versos” (PINHEIRO; LUCIO, 2001, p.11), a literatura de cordel aborda temas relacionados à tradição nordestina, a narrativas trazidas da península ibérica, à história, à vivência de seu autor, à tradução de obras clássicas da literatura mundial, entre outros. De modo geral, a poesia de cordel se estrutura através de três pilares: métrica, rima e oração, podendo ser composta em quadras, sextilhas, setilhas ou décimas, em redondilha maior e rimas soantes. É respeitando esta convenção e, de acordo com os pilares dos gêneros discursivos de Bakhtin (1992) – estrutura composicional, tema e estilo –; a Literatura Comparada segundo Béssière (2011); a teoria da transtextualidade de Genette (1982); a intertextualidade de Samoyaut (2008), entre outros, que apresentamos este trabalho de leitura comparada acerca da dialogia das narrativas francesas: La Dame aux camélias (1848/1981), de Dumas fils; Madame Bovary (1856/1961), de Gustave Flaubert; e Boule de Suif (1880/2004), de Guy de Maupassant, com suas transposições para a Literatura de Cordel: A Dama das Camélias ou Armando e Margarida (2018), de Evaristo Geraldo, Madame Bovary em cordel (2008/2019), e Bola de Sebo (2018), de Stélio Torquato Lima, especialmente no que concerne à composição dos perfis das protagonistas: Emma Bovary, Marguerite Gautier e Elisabeth Rousset. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para o desvendamento de especificidades concernentes à ampliação dos temas das obras de partida, ao seu imbricamento em decorrência da tradução para um gênero carregado de valores culturais (romance de cordel), que traz em sua estrutura composicional e em sua temática a essência da brasilidade.
Flora da Bahia: Mayacaceae
Authors: Carvalho Maria Luiza Silveira de
Published: April 2022

A floristic treatment of Mayacaceae in the state of Bahia, Brazil, is presented. The family consists of herbs that grow on swampy areas, lakes and rivers around Americas and Africa (one species). One genus and five species are recognized in Mayacaceae; four of them are found in Bahia. Analytical key, descriptions, illustrations, photographs, maps and general notes on the species are presented.
Composição florística em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no Parque Natural Municipal Mata do Amador, Piraí, Rio de janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Alves Rodrigo Giovanetti , Almeida Elton Tinoco de , Souza Vanusa Tubbs de , Souza Gilson Roberto de
Published: April 2022

The present study in the Mata do Amador Municipal Natural Park, with about 14 ha, characterized by a semideciduous forest, aimed to contribute to the knowledge of regional flora of the valley of the Paraiba do Sul and the vegetation structure to support education projects environment. We sampled 1.211 individuals in 42 families, 98 genera and 150 species or morphospecies. The families most populous in individuals were Moraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapindaceae. Families with higher numbers of species were Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae. The species with larger populations were Sorocea bomplandii (99), Siparuna guianensis (75), Mabea fistulifera (64), Cupania oblongifolia (58), Astronium fraxinifolium (49) and Myrtaceae sp. 1 (49). Looking at the height class of subjects, there was a prevalence of 62.92% of individuals up to 6.5 meters, as compared to analysis across species, 64.57% of the species they were classified in diameter up to 7.5 cm. The data collected showed a high diversity for this fragment of Atlantic forest. These results demonstrate the richness of the Atlantic and can support the work of environmental education and scientific research in related areas give this piece a genetic database to study the flora of this region.
Folclore e biologia de alguns invertebrados II
Authors: Nomura Hitoshi
Published: April 2022

This article deals with the biology and folklore of Echiura up to Annelida. The folkloric data was extracted from the literature written by chronicles, travellers and naturalists on Brazil, involving beliefs, legends and superstitions, with some new information gathered by the author.
Quantitative analysis of illumination and detection corrections in adaptive light sheet fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Rai Mani Ratnam , Li Chen , Greenbaum Alon
Published: April 2022

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a high-speed, high-resolution and minimally phototoxic technique for 3D imaging of in vivo and in vitro specimens. LSFM exhibits optical sectioning and when combined with tissue clearing techniques, it facilitates imaging of centimeter scale specimens with micrometer resolution. Although LSFM is ubiquitous, it still faces two main challenges that effect image quality especially when imaging large volumes with high-resolution. First, the light-sheet illumination plane and detection lens focal plane need to be coplanar, however sample-induced aberrations can violate this requirement and degrade image quality. Second, introduction of sample-induced optical aberrations in the detection path. These challenges intensify when imaging whole organisms or structurally complex specimens like cochleae and bones that exhibit many transitions from soft to hard tissue or when imaging deep (> 2 mm). To resolve these challenges, various illumination and aberration correction methods have been developed, yet no adaptive correction in both the illumination and the detection path have been applied to improve LSFM imaging. Here, we bridge this gap, by implementing the two correction techniques on a custom built adaptive LSFM. The illumination beam angular properties are controlled by two galvanometer scanners, while a deformable mirror is positioned in the detection path to correct for aberrations. By imaging whole porcine cochlea, we compare and contrast these correction methods and their influence on the image quality. This knowledge will greatly contribute to the field of adaptive LSFM, and imaging of large volumes of tissue cleared specimens.
Nd:YAG end-pumped zigzag multi-pass slab amplifier optimization: numerical and experimental study regarding the saturation effects
Authors: Najafi Mohanna , Shayganmanesh Mahdi , Majidof M. Mahdi , Sepehr Arezou , Tanhaee Ehsan , Nabavi S. Hassan
Published: April 2022

A numerical modeling of Nd:YAG end-pumped zigzag multi-pass slab amplifier is developed. Spatial dependent rate equations have been solved taking into consideration the pump and laser beam saturation effects with regard to overlap correction of the signal path through gain medium. Based on our results, efficient amplifier structure with optimized output power could be designed with respect to the change in the number of signal beam-pass, doping concentration and slab length. In order to verify our modeling an experimental setup is designed.
Modeling the optical properties of Morpho-inspired thin-film interference filters on structured surfaces
Authors: Wessels Andreas , Callies Adrian , Bläsi Benedikt , Kroyer Thomas , Höhn Oliver
Published: April 2022

We present a method for modeling the optical properties of interference layer systems on structured surfaces as used in the MorphoColor technology for coloring integrated photovoltaic modules. By combining a microfacet-based bidirectional scattering distribution function model with a transfer matrix formalism, we can simulate the spectrally resolved reflection and transmission properties of the system in good agreement with measurement data. To consider the MorphoColor technology in an overall optical system and compare the application on the front side of the module glass with the application in the composite, the model is additionally combined with a formalism called Optical Properties of Textured Optical Sheets. For a representative illumination and viewing geometry, the composite configuration causes a significantly improved homogeneity of the color appearance.
High-resolution optical orbital angular momentum sorter based on Archimedean spiral mapping
Authors: Cheng Jie , Wan Chenhao , Zhan Qiwen
Published: April 2022

We propose a generalized spiral transformation scheme that is versatile to incorporate various types of spirals such as the Archimedean spiral and the Fermat spiral. Taking advantage of the equidistant feature, we choose the Archimedean spiral mapping and demonstrate its application in high-resolution optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode sorting. Experimental results show 90% efficiency and cross-talk of -8.78 dB that is sufficient to separate adjacent OAM modes. This generalized transformation scheme may also find various applications in optical transformation and can be easily extended to other fields related to conformal mapping.
Metasurface absorber with ultra-thin thickness designed for a terahertz focal plane array detector
Authors: Zhu Hailiang , Wang Kai , Liu Ganyu , Mou Jinchao , Wu Yinghong , Zhang Zhenwei , Qiu Yuwei , Wei Gao
Published: April 2022

Terahertz (THz) refers to electromagnetic waves with frequency from 0.1 to 10 THz, which lies between millimeter waves and infrared light. This paper proposes an ultra-thin metasurface absorber which is perfectly suited to be the signal coupling part of terahertz focal plane array (FPA) detector. The absorptance of the proposed metasurface is higher than 80% from 4.46 to 5.76 THz (25.4%) while the thickness is merely 1.12 µm (0.018 λ). Since the metasurface absorber will be applied to terahertz FPA detector which requires planar array formation, it is divided into meta-atoms. Each meta-atom consists of the same unit cell layout, and air gaps are introduced between adjacent meta-atoms to enhance the thermal isolation, which is crucial for FPA detector to obtain desired imaging results. Due to the symmetrical layout of meta-atoms, absorptance keeps stable for different polarized waves, moreover, good absorptance could also be achieved for incidence angles range of ± 30 °. Spectral measurements show good agreement with the simulation. As a result, features of ultra-thin thickness, polarization insensitivity, and high absorptance make the proposed metasurface absorber well suited to highly efficient coupling of terahertz signals in FPA detector.
Stealth radome with an ultra-broad transparent window and a high selectivity transition band
Authors: Wang Dengpan , Zhuang Yaqiang , Shen Lian , Meng Xiangyang , Wang Guangming , Tang Shiwei , Cai Tong
Published: April 2022

Stealth radome (SR), especially with an ultra-broad and nearly transparent window between two absorption bands, plays a crucial role in stealth techniques, antenna radomes, and so on. However, current devices have the defects of narrow transmission bands, high insertion loss, and wide transition bands between the transmission and absorption bands, which are unfavorable for the stealth of broadband radar and communication systems. In this paper, a novel SR with an ultra-broad and high-efficiency inter-absorption band transparent window is proposed by combining broadband resonance lumped circuits with a multi-layer cascaded frequency-selective surface (FSS). The equivalent circuit model (ECM) and transmission line method (TLM) are provided and analyzed as a guideline for the SR design. The SR consists of a resistive lossy layer loaded with wide passband lumped circuits and two stacked lossless FSS layers to collectively achieve the high selectivity and ultra-broad transmission band. Simulated results indicate that the proposed SR exhibits an ultra-broad passband from 8.2 to 11.2 GHz (31%) with transmission amplitude more than 0.85 and two 90% absorption bands over 6.8-7.8 GHz and 12-13 GHz, and the transition bands at both sides are only 0.4 GHz and 0.8 GHz, respectively. Our findings can stimulate the promising applications of SR in broadband stealth devices with integrated ultra-broad communication capability or in other electromagnetic (EM) compatibility facilities.
Stereoscopic deflectometry with a curved screen
Authors: Liu Cheng , Zhang Zonghua , Gao Nan , Meng Zhaozong
Published: April 2022

Deflectometry has been widely used in topography measurement of specular surface. In deflectometry with a curved screen, the range of the gradient and height field of the measured specular surface can be effectively expanded compared to deflectometry with a plane screen. As stereo deflectometry measures gradient with high accuracy, the specular surface is reconstructed by integrating the gradient. In this paper, a stereo deflectometry with a curved screen is proposed in the aspect of system calibration and measuring principle. A pair of cameras and deflectometric system are calibrated simultaneously to obtain the camera parameters and relationship between two cameras and the curved screen. Then, pairs of rectified fringe patterns are demodulated to obtain two pairs of rectified absolute phase maps and homologous points are searched along epipolar line with the principle of the same normal direction on specular surface. Finally, simulated and actual experiments are carried out and the results show high accuracy and stability.
Real-time and high-sensitivity refractive index sensing with an arched optofluidic waveguide
Authors: Yan Ruopeng , Cui Enkang , Zhao Shuang , Zhou Fuling , Wang Du , Lei Cheng
Published: April 2022

Refractive index (RI) sensing plays an important role in analytical chemistry, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. The optofluidic technique is considered to be an ideal tool for RI sensor configuration for its high integration, high sensitivity, and low cost. However, it remains challenging to achieve RI measurement in real time with high sensitivity and low detection limit (DL) simultaneously. In this work, we design and fabricate a RI sensor with an arched optofluidic waveguide by monitoring the power loss of the light passing through the waveguide, which is sandwiched by the air-cladding and the liquid-cladding under test, we achieve RI detection of the sample in real time and with high sensitivity. Furthermore, both numerical simulation and experimental investigation show that our RI sensor can be designed with different geometric parameters to cover multiple RI ranges with high sensitivities for different applications. Experimental results illustrate that our sensor is capable to achieve a superior sensitivity better than −19.2 mW/RIU and a detection limit of 5.21×10−8 RIU in a wide linear dynamic range from 1.333 to 1.392, providing a promising solution for real-time and high-sensitivity RI sensing.