bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ideological-Conflict Hypothesis
Authors: Brandt Mark J. , Reyna Christine , Chambers John R. , Crawford Jarret T. , Wetherell Geoffrey
Published: February 2014

Decades of research in social and political psychology have demonstrated that political conservatives appear more intolerant toward a variety of groups than do political liberals. Recent work from our three independent labs has challenged this conventional wisdom by suggesting that some of the psychological underpinnings of intolerance are not exclusive to people on either end of the political spectrum. These studies have demonstrated that liberals and conservatives express similar levels of intolerance toward ideologically dissimilar and threatening groups. We suggest directions for future research and discuss the psychological and political implications of our conclusions.
Partner Buffering of Attachment Insecurity
Authors: Simpson Jeffry A. , Overall Nickola C.
Published: February 2014

Compared with securely attached people, insecurely attached people have romantic relationships that are less happy and more unstable, but the quality of their relationships should depend on how their partners regulate them. Some partners find ways to buffer (emotionally and behaviorally regulate) insecurely attached individuals, which helps such individuals feel better and behave more constructively and improves the relationship. Understanding when and how this important interpersonal process works requires a dyad-centered approach. The present research describes core tenets of attachment theory and the two forms of attachment insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) and presents our dyadic regulation model of insecurity buffering, which explains how and why certain types of buffering behaviors soothe the worries and improve the relationship perceptions and behaviors of anxious or avoidant people. Studies that illustrate ways in which partners can successfully buffer the insecure reactions of anxious and avoidant individuals are reviewed, and other traits and social contexts to which our model can be applied are also discussed.
Are Right-Wing Adherents Mentally Troubled? Recent Insights on the Relationship of Right-Wing Attitudes With Threat and Psychological Ill-Being
Authors: Onraet Emma , Van Hiel Alain
Published: February 2014

Classic views on right-wing attitudes suggest that right-wing adherents are characterized by psychological problems, such as deeply rooted anxieties and fundamental unhappiness. This perspective has gained much attention and has influenced the way researchers and even laypeople think about right-wing individuals. We reviewed recent accumulated evidence that suggests that right-wing attitudes are not “bad for the self” and that right-wing adherents have relatively normal mental lives. Specifically, we found that although right-wing adherents feel threatened by societal problems (external threat), they do not experience strong personal anxieties (internal threat). Moreover, our evidence showed that right-wing attitudes are weakly related to psychological ill-being. These findings are discussed in terms of the self-defensive function of right-wing attitudes, and a novel perspective that distinguishes between different levels of the self is proposed.
Watchful Citizens
Authors: Walsh James P
Published: February 2014

To refine wholesale accounts of transnationalism, scholars have cited the amplification of border enforcement and immigration control. Whilst received analysis emphasizes multiple processes whether border militarization, mass deportation or the cross-deputization of local authorities, other trends remain unexplored. Employing the insights of scholarship on the diffusion and decentralization of policing and crime control, this work interrogates the enlistment of private individuals in official gatekeeping efforts. Drawing on relevant empirical examples – anonymous tip lines, voluntary immigration posses, border vigilantes, local anti-immigrant ordinances and other practices that compel, encourage and include societal participation – it assesses three modalities of citizen involvement: deputization, responsibilization and autonomization. Each displays distinct state–society relations and techniques for mobilizing societal actors and energies. In addition to illuminating the complexities, consequences and contradictions of contemporary immigration control, this article enriches understandings of social exclusion and the redistribution and transposition of government amidst neoliberal restructuring.
The Health and Social Care Act 2012
Authors: Glover-Thomas Nicola
Published: February 2014

Although the National Health Service (NHS) is regarded as a national treasure, it is no longer immune from the colossal financial pressures brought about by global recession. Economic sustainability has largely driven the reform process leading to the Health and Social Care Act (HSCA) 2012, however; other considerations have also played a role in the journey to turn the health and social care service into an institution which is fit for the 21st-century needs. This article examines the impact of the HSCA 2012 on those made vulnerable through mental ill health. It then considers three issues: First, whether parity between mental and physical health can have life beyond political rhetoric; second, what impact driving up efficiency within the NHS will have upon mental health patients; and finally, the extent to which the personalisation agenda can be meaningfully applied within the mental health context.
Ethical considerations of doll therapy for people with dementia
Authors: Mitchell Gary , Templeton Michelle
Published: February 2014

The use of doll therapy for people with dementia has been emerging in recent years. Providing a doll to someone with dementia has been associated with a number of benefits which include a reduction in episodes of distress, an increase in general well-being, improved dietary intake and higher levels of engagement with others. It could be argued that doll therapy fulfils the concepts of beneficence (facilitates the promotion of well-being) and respect for autonomy (the person with dementia can exercise their right to engage with dolls if they wish). However, some may believe that doll therapy is inappropriate when applied to the concepts of dignity (people with dementia are encouraged to interact with dolls) and non-maleficence (potential distress this therapy could cause for family members). The absence of rigorous empirical evidence and legislative guidelines render this a therapy that must be approached cautiously owing to the varied subjective interpretations of Kitwood’s ‘malignant social psychology’ and bioethics. This article suggests that by applying a ‘rights-based approach’, healthcare professionals might be better empowered to resolve any ethical tensions they may have when using doll therapy for people with dementia. In this perspective, the internationally agreed upon principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provide a legal framework that considers the person with dementia as a ‘rights holder’ and places them at the centre of any ethical dilemma. In addition, those with responsibility towards caring for people with dementia have their capacity built to respect, protect and fulfil dementia patient’s rights and needs.
Informed consent, vulnerability and the risks of group-specific attribution
Authors: Schrems Berta M
Published: February 2014

People in extraordinary situations are vulnerable. As research participants, they are additionally threatened by abuse or exploitation and the possibility of harm through research. To protect people against these threats, informed consent as an instrument of self-determination has been introduced. Self-determination requires autonomous persons, who voluntarily make decisions based on their values and morals. However, in nursing research, this requirement cannot always be met. Advanced age, chronic illness, co-morbidity and frailty are reasons for dependencies. These in turn lead to limited abilities or opportunities for decision-making and self-determination. Exclusion of vulnerable people from research projects would disadvantage them by not covering their needs, which would violate the ethical principles of justice and beneficence. Commonly, vulnerability is attributed to social groups. The consequence for individuals, attributed as belonging to such a vulnerable group, is that the principles of respect for autonomy, justice and beneficence are subordinated to the principle of non-maleficence, understood as avoiding the risk to cause more harm than good. In addition, group-specific attribution could lead to stigmatizing because labelling a person as deviation from a norm violates integrity. For clinical nursing research, the question arises how the protection of vulnerable people could be granted without compromising ethical principles. The concept of relational ethics provides a possible approach. It defines vulnerability as the relation between a person’s health status and the extent to which this person is dependent on the researcher and the research context. Vulnerability is not attributed solely to a person but to a situation, meaning the person is viewed in context. By combining vulnerability as a context-related and situational concept with existing approaches of informed consent, the different ethical principles can be balanced and preserved at every step of the research process.
Eligibility for Students With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Smith Carl R. , Katsiyannis Antonis , Losinski Mickey , Ryan Joseph B.
Published: February 2014

An ongoing challenge in serving students with emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD) is the practice that may allow schools to exclude students from special education programs and services based on certain behavioral patterns. This review (a) examines the application of the exclusionary clause in recent judicial rulings and (b) provides practice implications in serving youth with E/BD.
Teacher Management of Elementary Classroom Social Dynamics
Authors: Gest Scott D. , Madill Rebecca A. , Zadzora Kathleen M. , Miller Aaron M. , Rodkin Philip C.
Published: February 2014

Teachers and students in 54 elementary school classrooms (first, third, and fifth grades) participated in a multi-method longitudinal study of classroom social dynamics. At each of three assessments within a single school year, observers rated teacher–student interaction quality, students completed sociometric assessments and reported on their sense of peer community and school bonding/motivation for schooling, and teachers rated students’ social behavior. Teachers also completed end-of-year ratings of their strategies and beliefs regarding the management of classroom social dynamics. Multilevel models indicated that teachers’ efforts to mitigate status extremes and support isolated students were associated with more positive patterns of within-year change in students’ sense of peer community, responsive teacher–student interactions predicted positive changes in school bonding/motivation, and teacher-rated efforts to manage aggression and promote prosocial behavior among aggressive students predicted within-year declines in peer-nominated aggression. Teacher attunement to classroom friendship and victimization patterns, when combined with responsive teaching, was associated with more positive changes in school bonding/motivation. Teachers rated children’s aggressive/mean behaviors as being more important for their teaching than social status or friendship dynamics and were more likely to believe that children should solve the latter issues on their own.
Unusual Forms of Adrenal and Extra-Adrenal Myelolipomas
Authors: Suárez-Peñaranda José Manuel , Bermúdez Naveira Anaberta , Fraga Máximo , Aliste-Santos Carlos , Cordeiro Cristina , Muñoz-Barús José Ignacio
Published: February 2014

Myelolipomas are rare benign tumors of poorly understood tumorigenesis composed of mature hematopoietic tissue and fat. They mostly occur in the adrenal glands, but extra-adrenal myelolipomas have been reported in other locations such as the presacral region or retroperitoneum. It is not unusual that they are incidental findings revealed in the study of different diseases. We report 3 unusual examples of myelolipomas. The first is a multiple, unusually large, extra-adrenal myelolipoma, presented as an autopsy finding in an individual who had died suddenly from a central nervous system hemorrhage. The remaining 2 were incidental findings in patients studied for different reasons. Both were located within another neoplasm, namely an adrenal adenoma and a liver focal nodular hyperplasia. Moreover, the first showed infiltration by a non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Utility of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, p53, CD117, and Mast Cell Content in the Differential Diagnosis of Cellular Fibroadenomas and in the Classification of Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast
Authors: Vilela Maria Helena Tavares , de Almeida Fábio Marques , de Paula Gabriela Moura , Ribeiro Noara Barros , Cirqueira Magno Belém , Silva Andréia Luiza Pereira , Moreira Marise Amaral Rebouças
Published: February 2014

Adequate management of phyllodes tumors of the breast (PTB) remains a challenge because of the difficulty in correctly establishing preoperative diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, p53, CD117, and of the number of mast cells in the differential diagnosis of benign PTB and cellular fibroadenomas (CFs) as well as in the grading of PTB. Fifty-one primary PTB and 14 CFs were examined by immunohistochemistry.When evaluating CD117 expression, higher epithelial expression was present in CF as well as an increased number of mast cells in benign PTB. Stromal expression of Ki-67, CD10, CD34, and p53 were relevant to PTB grading, of which the first 3 showed significance in the distinction of benign and borderline PTB, as well as between benign and malignant PTB. P53 was relevant only for the discrimination between benign and malign PTB. None of the markers showed significance in distinguishing between borderline and malign PTB.
Pursuing Responsibility
Authors: Bridges-Rhoads Sarah , Van Cleave Jessica
Published: February 2014

Similar to qualitative researchers who have troubled and been troubled by the impossibility of representing subjects, in this article, we focus on how our attempts to write subjects to excess—to remain open to unforeseeable data that proliferated as we wrote—“radically de-naturalize[ed] what [we’d] taken for granted” as qualitative researchers. Specifically, the unraveling of the humanist subject initiated the rupture of what we thought of as a practice of responsible representation—citation. This rupture made visible how conventional citation could not hold the reconfigured, poststructural subject who remained in play during the research and even after. Rather than erase this complication, we saw it as an incitement to enact responsibility differently in relation to representation, and we draw upon our collaborative work with Sarah’s dissertation study to theorize citation as a necessary, useful, and impossible construct.
The Making of a “Star”
Authors: Sandoval Carolyn L.
Published: February 2014

As part of a larger study examining transformative learning in an educational program for incarcerated women, this article is an ethnodramatic representation of one participant’s life history. Analyzed through a critical lens, using a holistic-content narrative analysis method, Jasmine’s story illuminates the cultural, social, personal, and legal systems of oppression that she survived and that contributed to her path to incarceration. Re-presenting her story in her words through performative text allows Jasmine to invite the audience into her world—forcing us to critically examine our definitions of criminal behavior, our perceptions of culpability, and our use of a penal system to “rehabilitate” women whose life experiences and struggles mirror hers.
Are Those Germs in Your Pocket, or Am I Just Crazy to See You? An Autoethnographic Consideration of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Fox Ragan
Published: February 2014

This autoethnographic account chronicles my experiences living with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is generally framed as a chemical imbalance. I advocate a phenomenological, narrative-based understanding of the illness and emphasize its communicative characteristics. I also consider the ways in which creative writing strategies associated with OCD treatment might inform qualitative research practices.
Writing Race Roma 3D
Authors: Reinertsen Anne Beate
Published: February 2014

This is an autoethnographic 3D writing onto-story about encounters with Roma and begging. It is about the potentiality of virtuality, but sometimes my body rises up into my language. It is intense, intimidating, and sometimes unpleasant. Concepts are methods are problems, but for a language of inquiry, the concepts of Roma, Race, and I are not discriminating enough.
Unconcealment
Authors: Farrant Finola
Published: February 2014

Storytelling is central to human understanding and knowledge. Through listening, reflecting, and retelling a story, new discoveries can be made and an unconcealment, of something that would otherwise remain hidden, occurs. This article uses my experience of undertaking life story research with male ex-prisoners to explore a number of issues raised by Jewkes in her article on doing prison research differently. I suggest that concerns about research “contamination” impact how we do research and how we respond to the emotional experience of doing ethnographic research in criminology. The first potentially restricts modes of analysis, such as intertextual readings of interviews, while the second may prevent a more humanistic relationship between researcher and participant developing. Contamination, rather than something that we connect with polluting, spoiling, or dirtying, should be embraced as offering the potential for revealing new knowledge and ways of doing research differently.
Woman Abuse in Canada
Authors: DeKeseredy Walter S. , Dragiewicz Molly
Published: February 2014

Woman abuse in Canada started receiving much sociological attention in the mid-1980s. This article describes past scholarly achievements, assesses current contributions, and suggests progressive ways of responding to future challenges. Special attention is given to how broader political economic forces help shape and constrain research on a variety of highly injurious male-to-female assaults that occur in private settings.
Marriage Migration, Patriarchal Bargains, and Wife Abuse
Authors: Chaudhuri Soma , Morash Merry , Yingling Julie
Published: February 2014

This article contributes to the literature on wife abuse by using the patriarchal bargaining framework, which highlights the issue of agency as women strive to achieve their goals within the constraints of family and culture. Study participants were recent South Asian immigrants to the United States. Narrative analysis revealed that patriarchal constraints in natal families, culture, and expectations of benefits gained through marriage influenced many of the women to migrate for marriage. When husbands enforced extreme patriarchy with abuse, women’s personal efforts to contain abuse were largely ineffective. However, advocacy agency interventions did help some women break out of extreme patriarchy.
Development and Validation of the Juvenile Sexual Offense Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool–II
Authors: Epperson Douglas L. , Ralston Christopher A.
Published: February 2014

This article describes the development and initial validation of the Juvenile Sexual Offense Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool–II (JSORRAT-II). Potential predictor variables were extracted from case file information for an exhaustive sample of 636 juveniles in Utah who sexually offended between 1990 and 1992. Simultaneous and hierarchical logistic regression analyses were used to identify the group of variables that was most predictive of subsequent juvenile sexual recidivism. A simple categorical scoring system was applied to these variables without meaningful loss of accuracy in the development sample for any sexual (area under the curve [AUC] = .89) and sexually violent (AUC = .89) juvenile recidivism. The JSORRAT-II was cross-validated on an exhaustive sample of 566 juveniles who had sexually offended in Utah in 1996 and 1997. Reliability of scoring the tool across five coders was quite high (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .96). Relative to the development sample, however, there was considerable shrinkage in the indices of predictive accuracy for any sexual (AUC = .65) and sexually violent (AUC = .65) juvenile recidivism. The reduced level of accuracy was not explained by severity of the index sexual offense, time at risk, or missing data. Capitalization on chance and other explanations for the possible reduction in predictive accuracy are explored, and potential uses and limitations of the tool are discussed.
Noteworthy Cardiac Surgical Literature in 2013
Authors: Reece T. Brett , Cleveland Joseph C.
Published: February 2014

The year of 2013 has continued to expand our understanding of the treatment of cardiac surgical patients. The noteworthy articles chosen for this review address new opinions on common surgical issues such as the appropriateness of coronary bypass compared with percutaneous intervention as well as more novel approaches to repair of insufficient aortic valves. The review continues by discussing the implications of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services National Coverage Decisions for both transcatheter aortic valve replacement and ventricular assist device in addition to notable articles on each.
The anti-VLA-4 antibody natalizumab induces erythroblastaemia in the majority of the treated patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Robier Christoph , Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai Omid , Bregant Claudia , Diez Josef , Melinz Klaus , Neubauer Manfred , Quasthoff Stefan
Published: February 2014

The presence of erythroblasts in the peripheral blood is generally associated with severe underlying disorders. The anti-very late antigen-4 (anti-VLA-4) antibody natalizumab, which is approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis, mediates an increase in circulating haematopoietic stem cells and may also trigger erythroblastaemia. We investigated the prevalence of erythroblastaemia in sequential blood smears of 14 natalizumab-treated and 14 interferon-treated patients with multiple sclerosis. Erythroblastaemia was found in 13 natalizumab-treated subjects (93%), whereas all controls were negative ( p<0.0001). Knowledge of this frequent side effect is crucial for the correct interpretation of blood smears in natalizumab-treated patients and to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures.
Prevalence and patterns of demyelinating central nervous system disorders in urban Mangalore, South India
Authors: Pandit Lekha , Kundapur Rashmi
Published: February 2014

There is a dearth of epidemiological data about multiple sclerosis (MS) and related demyelinating disorders in India. In this study, a registry method was used for collecting data from secure sources and the index cases were verified Seventy nine patients were identified . A crude prevalence of 8.3/100,000 was obtained for MS and 6.2/100,000 for clinically-isolated syndrome (CIS). Age-standardized prevalence of MS relative to the world population was 7.8/100,000. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and spectrum disorders (NMOS) constituted 13.9% of all demyelinating disorders, with a prevalence of 2.6/100,000. Larger studies with more refined survey methodologies are required to understand the true prevalence of demyelinating disorders in India.
Diagnostic uncertainty during the transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Katz Sand Ilana , Krieger Stephen , Farrell Colleen , Miller Aaron E
Published: February 2014

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is typically defined as deterioration independent of relapses for ≥ 6 months following an initial relapsing–remitting course; however, this definition is not always easily applied in clinical practice and the declaration of the change in clinical phenotype is often delayed. To identify the length of time required to re-classify relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients whom have clinically transitioned to secondary progressive MS (SPMS) in clinical practice. We reviewed 123 patients with long-term follow-up and identified a sub-group whom transitioned from RRMS to SPMS, then characterized this transition period. There were 14/20 patients who transitioned during the follow-up period that had visits with uncertainty related to the clinical phenotype characterized by possible, but not definitive progression. The mean duration of this period of uncertainty was 2.9 ± 0.8 years. A period of diagnostic uncertainty regarding the transition from RRMS to SPMS existed in many of our patients. Potential reasons included the subtle nature of early progressive disease and caution in applying a progressive label, in light of the lack of evidence-based treatments as well as third-party payer concerns. Delay in definitive identification of an SPMS phenotype has a variety of implications related to patient care and research.
Epstein–Barr virus-specific adoptive immunotherapy for progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pender Michael P , Csurhes Peter A , Smith Corey , Beagley Leone , Hooper Kaye D , Raj Meenakshi , Coulthard Alan , Burrows Scott R , Khanna Rajiv
Published: February 2014

Defective control of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells might predispose to multiple sclerosis (MS) by allowing EBV-infected autoreactive B cells to accumulate in the central nervous system. We have treated a patient with secondary progressive MS with in vitro-expanded autologous EBV-specific CD8+ T cells directed against viral latent proteins. This adoptive immunotherapy had no adverse effects and the patient showed clinical improvement with reduced disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging and decreased intrathecal immunoglobulin production. This is the first report of the use of EBV-specific adoptive immunotherapy to treat MS or any other autoimmune disease.
What is left and right in comparative politics? A response to Simon Franzmann
Authors: Jahn Detlef
Published: February 2014

Recently, I developed a left–right index in Party Politics which provoked some reaction. In particular, my claim that I use a deductive approach was questioned, it being stressed that other indices are also constructed deductively and that, in turn, my index is not adequately deductive at all. In this response to Simon Franzmann’s (2013) comment I stress the advantages and pitfalls of both inductive and deductive approaches. Additionally, I elaborate why I perceive most existing left–right indices as primarily inductive in nature and stress the importance of theory in a deductive approach. I question that a high correlation with other left–right indices is a quality criterion of construct validity. I then correct some misinterpretations fostered by Franzmann and summarize the logic of my index. Finally, I give two brief examples of the merit and analytical potential of a deductive left–right score.
Advertising real beer: Authenticity claims beyond truth and falsity
Authors: O’Neill Carly , Houtman Dick , Aupers Stef
Published: February 2014

It is a mainstay in the literature on consumer culture that the romantic, countercultural value of authenticity has become a core asset in mainstream marketing. Since there is little research on the particular ways in which commodities are endowed with auras of authenticity, this study analyses registers of authenticity in 153 beer commercials from eight countries. The content analysis distinguishes four strategies of authentication: beer is related to pre-industrial craftsmanship, naturalness, concrete locations and historical roots. Surprisingly, however, such claims are often openly exposed by the advertisers themselves as mass-produced illusions. It is concluded that the appeal of authenticity in consumer culture should not be explained by the fact that people actually believe in the ‘authenticity hoax’. Quite the contrary, the acknowledgement that narratives about a more authentic world are myths provides an alibi for consumers to fully indulge in their meaning without the risk of making naive and dupable fools of themselves.
World of Warcraft, the aftermath: How game elements transfer into perceptions, associations and (day)dreams in the everyday life of massively multiplayer online role-playing game players
Authors: Poels Karolien , Ijsselsteijn Wijnand A , de Kort Yvonne
Published: February 2014

This paper describes the phenomenon of game-biased perceptions and associations, or how, through intensive game play, elements from the game world can trigger thoughts and imagery outside the game world, influencing the perception and interpretation of stimuli in everyday life. Examples include the insertion of game elements in thoughts, perceptions and dreams, the use of specific vocabulary or slang – typical to the game world – in everyday conversations, and the association of real-life objects with game elements. Results from an online survey with habitual players of World of Warcraft confirm the existence of this phenomenon and show that the occurrence of these game-biased perceptions and associations is reinforced by increasing playing time and narrative involvement.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the combustion process and emission characteristics for a direct-injection-premixed charge compression ignition engine
Authors: Kawanabe Hiroshi , Ishiyama Takuji
Published: February 2014

The direct-injection-premixed charge compression ignition–based combustion process with a high exhaust gas recirculation ratio and early injection timing is simulated using a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes–based commercial computational fluid dynamics code with a nonhomogeneous mixture auto-ignition combustion model. In addition, the formation processes of nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburnt hydrocarbon are calculated. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data. According to the calculation results, the formation processes of NO, CO, and hydrocarbon are discussed in relation to the spray development and ignition point. Furthermore, the combustion process of two-stage injection is also calculated. The result shows that the combustion process is described well by this model except in the case where auto-ignition occurs in the squish area. Additionally, the relationship between the combustion process and the mixture distribution is clarified. The main origins of the unburnt hydrocarbon and CO emissions are located in the center region of the combustion chamber, where the mixture becomes excessively lean and low in temperature.
The evil of banality: Arendt revisited
Authors: Minnich Elizabeth
Published: February 2014

The banality of evil (Arendt) remains controversial and useful. Ironically, the concept is now itself a banality. To revisit and extend it, we consider the evil of banality, the profound dangers of clichéd thoughtlessness . A distinction is proposed: intensive versus extensive evils. The former takes few people and is readily romanticized as demonic. The latter takes many people over time and is badly misunderstood if romanticized: it requires many reliable workers. The paper introduces the continuum of attentiveness in relation to the doing of evil or good (from Eichmann and Saddam Hussein’s obtuse thoughtlessness, to the poet Wislawa Szymborska’s astonishment at the ordinary). Education, especially in the Humanities, may be our last best hope to teach people to think, to see, and to resist the evils enabled by banality.
Exploring religious identity through the arts: A call to theologians
Authors: Parker Rosalind
Published: February 2014

Starting with an art exhibition which explored issues of religious identity, and with an illuminative case study of a ‘British Muslim' artist, this paper sets out a two-fold impact of approaching religious subjects from the angle of aesthetics. Firstly, the arts can be employed to open out categories of religious identity as non-fixed and permeable, which in turn shapes resulting inter-faith dialogue. Secondly, this can bring the theologian a clearer sense of how the discipline shapes its theory in the light of such cross-disciplinary engagement, informing a new awareness of the relationship between the researcher and research subject that fruitfully complicates the researcher’s conceptualisation of religious identity. For a theologian working in the area of religious studies, understanding can be enriched by holding an awareness of the subject as subject: the way that it is shaped by one’s methodological grasp. The arts have a special role to play for theologians and others engaged in academic inquiry, reminding how identity is continually in formation, and continually requires fresh expression.
‘Something adequate’? In memoriam Seamus Heaney, Sister Quinlan, Nirbhaya
Authors: Parker Jan
Published: February 2014

Seamus Heaney talked of poetry's responsibility to represent the ‘bloody miracle’, the ‘terrible beauty’ of atrocity; to create ‘something adequate’. This article asks, what is adequate to the burning and eating of a nun and the murderous gang rape and evisceration of a medical student? It considers Njabulo Ndebele's answer: the retelling of the story in the service of ‘love and politics’, and that of the South African playwright, Yael Farber, who workshopped and then performed experiences of terrible, disfiguring violence against women. It asks what Humanities disciplinary writing would be ‘something adequate’: something that raises ‘critical consciousness’ in the terms Heaney claimed in his Nobel Lecture ‘Crediting Poetry’, that illuminates and appreciates rather than contributes to an anaesthetising ‘culture of suspicion’, that re-presents adequate – discipline-specific, singular, particular, poetic – truth.
On Stuart Hall
Authors: Jordan Glenn
Published: February 2014

This is an amended version of a paper presented in a panel discussion following the screening of The Stuart Hall Project (a new film by John Akomfrah) at Chapter Arts Centre in Cardiff, Wales, in September 2013. It discusses six key features of Hall’s life and work: (1) a conception of intellectual work as serious, (2) a commitment to public engagement, (3) a commitment to collaboration as a mode of intellectual production, (4) long-term engagements with artists (especially Black British artists), (5) a commitment to practices of humility, and (6) a critical-intellectual stance that is simultaneously optimistic and pessimistic.
Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Carriere Stephen P. , Pytell Jarratt D. , Saltzman Amanda F. , Fuselier Harold A.
Published: February 2014

Peyronie’s disease (PD), more commonly known as penile curvature, is caused by plaque formation in the connective tissue of the penis. PD affects 0.3% to 8.9% of men, most commonly between ages 40 and 60 years and can cause significant psychological distress, regardless of severity. There is a rich history behind the initial reports of PD, initial beliefs about pathogenesis, and initial treatment. This article aims to discuss the history of PD as well as the evolution of causes and treatments throughout time up to present-day theories of pathogenesis and treatment.
Hybrid endovascular treatment of an aberrant right subclavian artery with Kommerell aneurysm
Authors: Lamb KM , Moudgill N , Whisenhunt AK , Ayad M , Abai B , Salvatore D , DiMuzio PJ
Published: February 2014

Aberrant right subclavian artery is a rare anatomical finding of abnormal embryologic development of the dorsal aorta and right subclavian artery. An associated aortic outpouching, or Kommerell diverticulum, may develop at the origin of the aberrant right subclavian artery. Given historically high rates of aneurysm rupture and mortality, early repair is indicated. Successful aneurysm exclusion can be accomplished with thoracic endovascular stent grafting following open carotid-subclavian bypass, maintaining upper extremities perfusion. Such hybrid techniques offer a decrease in mortality and complication rates. Herein, we describe a successful repair of a symptomatic (dysphagia, weight loss) aberrant right subclavian artery with Kommerell diverticulum using this hybrid open-endovascular approach.
A microfluidic device for platelet aggregation assay
Authors: Guo Jianguang , Li Xiaoyan , Cao Yi , Yu Ronghui , Wang Qiong , Hu Ning , Liu Yang , Yang Jun
Published: February 2014

In order to achieve a fast, high-efficiency analysis of platelet aggregation, a novel microfluidic chip was designed and fabricated based on the traditional measurement principle and method. The chip had a main channel and six branch channels, which were connected with their own inlets (outlets). The master of this chip was fabricated using the traditional photolithography methods. Polydimethylsiloxane chip was replica molded on the master. In the platelet aggregation assay, blood sample and coagulant were loaded from separate inlets on both sides of the chip. Due to the diffusion of analytes in the laminar flow, two analytes diffused and mixed with each other within the main channel and gradually aggregated. The distance from the mixing point to the aggregation point denoted the aggregation capacity of the blood sample. Compared with traditional measurement methods based on glass tubes, this microfluidic chip–based method is simple, highly efficient, rapid, low consuming, inexpensive, and has high repeatability. Furthermore, it may be made as a portable device for wide application in clinical analysis.
Burying and remembering the dead
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf
Published: February 2014

In cemeteries, we do not remember our dead privately or quietly, as for example, in prayers. Instead, we do so publicly and visibly, so that what we do (or do not do) can be noticed by the public. But how do we remember and commemorate our dead at public cemeteries? Based on mixed-methods analyses of the markers for the dead at cemeteries in a religiously relatively homogeneous (namely, Catholic) region, three recent socio-cultural evolutions are identified and analyzed: (1) the construction of idiosyncratic markers and the accompanying emergence of individualized identities, (2) the emphasis on embodied modes of remembrance, and (3) the increasing visibility of voluntary social commitments and strong ties. Overall, the findings presented here point to the growing diversification of our ways of publicly remembering and commemorating the dead.
Health information preferences among Hispanic/Latino immigrants in the U.S. rural Midwest
Authors: Cristancho Sergio , Peters Karen , Garces Marcela
Published: February 2014

We investigated whether length of residence and other socio-demographic factors affect how rural Hispanic/Latino immigrants in the U.S. prefer to receive general health information. As part of a federally-funded participatory research project, we surveyed 894 adult Hispanics who were recruited through schools, community-based organizations (CBO) and faith-based organizations (FBO) in six rural communities of Illinois. Data suggest that workshops in Spanish at community settings are the most preferred health information strategy and home visits the least. Preference for these two strategies decreased significantly in the second generation, while preference for mailed printed materials increased. We further explored the role of length of residence in the U.S. on ‘in-person’ and ‘impersonal’ health information preferences controlling for other relevant socio-demographic factors finding that first generation and less educated Hispanic immigrants’ prefer ‘in-person’ strategies. These findings suggest that rural health organizations and practitioners should implement not only culturally-appropriate but also acculturation-sensitive approaches to address Hispanic/Latino immigrants’ specific health information needs.
Improving medication safety in UK care homes: challenges and current perspective
Authors: Fahrni Mathumalar Loganathan , Franklin Bryony Dean , Rawaf Salman , Majeed Azeem
Published: February 2014

Summary

In the UK, there are policy and regulatory concerns regarding the governance of care homes and healthcare provision within these homes. From a public health perspective, these issues can pose significant challenges to the provision of safe and quality medication use services to care home residents. The objective of this paper is to highlight an important and neglected issue for the growing population of institutionalized older adults. We reviewed relevant literature for the years 2000 to present and identified recent efforts undertaken to improve medication safety standards in UK care homes. We consider the limitations and reasons for the National Health Service’s restricted role and lack of leadership in providing medical services for this institutionalized population. The efforts taken by the Department of Health and other healthcare authorities targeting medication safety in care homes are also highlighted. In order to improve the quality of healthcare, specifically in areas related to medication safety and quality use of medicines, interventions need to be taken by the national government and similarly by local authorities and NHS commissioners.
Gelatin tannate ameliorates acute colitis in mice by reinforcing mucus layer and modulating gut microbiota composition: Emerging role for ‘gut barrier protectors’ in IBD?
Authors: Scaldaferri Franco , Lopetuso Loris Riccardo , Petito Valentina , Cufino Valerio , Bilotta Mirna , Arena Vincenzo , Stigliano Egidio , Maulucci Giuseppe , Papi Massimiliano , Emiliana Caristo Maria , Poscia Andrea , Franceschi Francesco , Delogu Giovanni , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Spirito Marco De , Sgambato Alessandro , Gasbarrini Antonio
Published: February 2014

Background

Gelatin tannate, a gelatin powder containing tannic acids, is commonly employed as an intestinal astringent. Neither information nor animal model exist to confirm its efficacy or unravel mechanisms of action.

Objective

To evaluate the action of gelatin tannate in murine dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced acute colitis.

Methods

Mice were exposed to DSS and received gelatin tannate by gavage. At sacrifice, colon histological degree of inflammation was assessed. Stool samples were cultured for microbiological analysis. Colon samples were analysed by two‐photon confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Elisa was performed on murine serum to assess lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan levels.

Results

Gelatin tannate treatment reduced disease activity, bodyweight loss, and preserved colonic length. It produced a decrease in the amount of enterobacteria and enterococci. At confocal microscopy, intestinal samples from healthy and treated mice displayed similar structure in mucus layer thickness and composition; samples from placebo group had no mucus layer or a thinner stratus. Atomic force microscopy confirmed these findings. Treated mice showed lower blood LPS levels vs. control.

Conclusions

Gelatin tannate decreased the severity of colitis. Acting as a gut barrier enhancer, it re‐establishes gut homeostasis by recovering intestinal permeability and mucus layer integrity in gut mucosa and by modulating microbiota composition.
Cryotherapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Phillips Jason M , Catarinicchia Salvatore , Krughoff Kevin , Barqawi Al B
Published: February 2014

Review objectives:

Cryotherapy use has increased due to technological advances. A review of the literature was performed to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of whole gland, salvage and targeted focal cryotherapy in the management of prostate cancer.

Review findings:

Cryotherapy use has increased significantly over the last 10 years with a trend towards focal ablation. Whole gland cryotherapy, salvage cryotherapy and focal cryotherapy biochemical recurrence rates appear to be comparable to other treatment modalities for low risk disease, however biochemical failure remains difficult to compare across studies due to a lack of consensus regarding appropriate end points for evaluation of cryotherapy. Short-term focal cryotherapy outcomes are encouraging. Side effect profiles for cryotherapy have significantly improved with fourth generation systems while salvage cryotherapy continues to carry a slightly higher risk of incontinence than primary whole gland cryotherapy. The incidence of erectile dysfunction after focal cryotherapy is dramatically lower than that for whole gland ablation.

Conclusions:

Cryotherapy continues to have an active role in the primary and salvage treatment of prostate cancer. Targeted focal cryotherapy is a promising treatment with minimal morbidity. Further long-term data is needed to support targeted therapy in addition to direct comparison with other treatment modalities.
Whiners Go Home
Authors: Lamb Matthew D. , Hillman Cory
Published: February 2014

This article examines how the confluence of sports and masculinity articulates with modern capitalism in shaping subjectivities crucial to performing in the hypercompetitive corporate world. We explore how Tough Mudder, as part of a larger matrix of power relations, provides a site that allows participants to gain rhetorical proof of their “fitness” within that world. Furthermore, our purpose is to demonstrate how the logic of neoliberal capitalism is reflected within Tough Mudder challenges that culminate in an embodied performance of discipline toward that logic. We also argue that these challenges act as “functional sites” that are specifically produced and mobilized for the training of individuals’ minds and bodies to align them with the values of a dominant political and economic order.
Retention in Care within 1 Year of Initial HIV Care Visit in a Multisite US Cohort
Authors: Tedaldi Ellen M. , Richardson James T. , Debes Rachel , Young Benjamin , Chmiel Joan S. , Durham Marcus D. , Brooks John T. , Buchacz Kate ,   the HOPS Investigators
Published: February 2014

Biannual attendance at medical visits is an established measure of retention in HIV care. We examined factors associated with attending at least 2 clinic visits at least 90 days apart among HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV Outpatient Study participants entering care during 2000 to 2011. Of 1441 patients, 85% were retained in care during the first year of observation. Starting ART during the year was the strongest correlate of retention (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4-9.4). After adjusting for starting ART, publicly insured patients (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0), and patients with baseline CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3 (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9) or missing CD4 counts (aOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.6) were less likely to be retained in care. Although most patients had recommended biannual care visits, some ART-naive individuals may require additional interventions to remain in care. Promptly initiating ART may facilitate engagement in care.
Cultural Competency, Autonomy, and Spiritual Conflicts Related to Reiki/CAM Therapies: Should Patients be Informed?
Authors: Arvonio Maria Marra
Published: February 2014

The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) such as Reiki is on the rise in healthcare centers. Reiki is associated with a spirituality that conflicts with some belief systems. Catholic healthcare facilities are restricted from offering this therapy because it conflicts with the teachings of the Catholic Church. However, hospitals are offering it without disclosing the spiritual aspects of it to patients. This article will address the ethical concerns and possible legal implications associated with the present process of offering Reiki. It will address these concerns based on the Joint Commission's Standard of Cultural Competency and the ethical principles of autonomy and informed consent. A proposal will also be introduced identifying specific information which Reiki/CAM practitioners should offer to their patients out of respect of their autonomy as well as their cultural, spiritual, and religious beliefs.