bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incêndios, queimadas e arboviroses
Authors: Moreno Gioncarlos Silva , Santana Leila Osvaldina Nascimento de , Nuvoloni Felipe Micali , Lopes Elfany Reis do Nascimento
Published: October 2021

A pesquisa buscou identificar e caracterizar as relações entre saúde e ambiente no domínio das notificações confirmadas das arboviroses. Buscou-se elucidar como a perda de vegetação nativa local pela ocorrência de incêndios e queimadas pode afetar a saúde humana e potencializar a incidência de arboviroses (Dengue, Zika vírus, Chikungunya e Febre-amarela) nos municípios do Sul da Bahia. Foi utilizando a base de dados de saúde da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde da Bahia (SESAB/BA) e do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN) do Ministério da Saúde para o levantamento do perfil epidemiológico da região para os anos de 2009 a 2019 e os números de focos de incêndios e queimadas através do Programa de Queimadas do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), no intuito de avaliar o efeito da perda de vegetação e sua influência na incidência dessa arboviroses. Os dados apresentados demonstraram relação positiva entre os focos de incêndios e queimadas com o aumento do número de casos da Dengue, Zika vírus e Chikunguya, apesar da baixa correlação com a febre amarela para os municípios do estudo.
Situação dos catadores e catadoras de materiais recicláveis de São Paulo no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Amazonas Heloisa , Nascimento Ana Paula Branco do
Published: October 2021

O propósito deste artigo foi analisar a situação dos catadores e catadoras de materiais recicláveis na cidade de São Paulo na pandemia da COVID-19. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, juntamente com a análise de notícias/matérias, dados oficiais e decretos/leis, além de uma entrevista com um catador, que possibilitaram a construção do panorama da situação citada- que era concomitante à elaboração do artigo aqui apresentado. Apesar dos avanços legais obtidos nas últimas décadas, percebeu-se mais explicitamente, através dos problemas enfrentados por esses trabalhadores na crise instaurada pela pandemia, o quanto a categoria ainda se vê invisibilizada e seu trabalho todavia desvalorizado. Contudo, a mobilização desta categoria de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras se torna mais eficaz com sua crescente organização. Mesmo sendo o cerne de todo o processo de reciclagem no Brasil, a inclusão dos catadores e catadoras na gestão de resíduos sólidos está aquém do minimamente ideal.
Impactos da pandemia de Covid-19 no Sistema de Transporte Público por Ônibus em São João da Boa Vista - SP
Authors: Gontijo Geisa Aparecida da Silva , Pereira Junior Weslei Augusto , Sales Pedro Henrique da Silva
Published: October 2021

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Educação Ambiental
Authors: Francisco Aldino Miguel , Matias Albertina Alice Longã
Published: October 2021

A Educação Ambiental é importante por ser um instrumento de gestão ambiental fundamental para a proteção e conservação da natureza. Ela é necessária no ambiente escolar, pois ajuda o aluno a ter a noção de proteção do meio ambiente e melhora o seu bom rendimento estudantil. O objetivo foi de propor ações que permitem o desenvolvimento da Educação Ambiental aos alunos da 8ª e 9ª classes do Complexo Escolar John Wesley – Metodista. Metodologicamente, baseou-se numa abordagem qualitativa com destaque à revisão bibliográfica, análise documental, levantamento fotográfico, entrevistas e questionários - os questionários fechados foram aplicados a 100 alunos. Os resultados demonstraram que: a referida escola não possui um programa específico de Educação Ambiental; a maioria dos alunos não tem conhecimento do termo Educação Ambiental, mas foram corretos na definição Educação Ambiental. Sobre os temas estudados, o que recordam são: preservação e recuperação do meio ambiente; lixo e higiene pessoal; conservação da natureza e dos seus recursos e proteção dos grandes ecossistemas. Sobre a importância dos jardins e árvores, os alunos consideram que servem para embelezar a escola e contribuem para o bem-estar dos alunos. Quanto aos cuidados a ter com o lixo na escola, manifestaram ser para evitar doenças. Verificou-se a insuficiência nos cuidados com os meios escolar visto que os alunos pisam nas carteiras, fazem mau uso das casas de banho e pincham nas paredes.
Análise da detecção de mudança na paisagem ocasionada pela construção da Usina Hidrelétrica das Três Gargantas - Yiling, Hubei, China
Authors: Vieira Bianca Rodrigues , Santos Leandro Lopes dos , Benini Sandra Medina
Published: October 2021

As diferentes técnicas vinculadas às geotecnologias são de suma importância para identificação e monitoramento de diferentes fenômenos, sendo eles de natureza antrópica ou não. Neste contexto, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar os impactos ambientais da instalação da Usina Hidrelétrica das Três Gargantas - Yiling, Hubei, China, considerando a alteração da paisagem decorrentes do processo de inundação na área de implantação do reservatório, por meio da aplicação do Índice da Diferença Normalizada da Água (NDWI) em uma série temporal do Landsat-5, considerando os anos de 1993 e 2005. Por intermédio dessa ferramenta, constatou-se que houve uma considerável alteração na paisagem, sendo elas: o cursor original do canal sofreu fortes modificações, bem como em função do barramento das águas, a composição florística local sofreu uma considerável perda. Por meio deste estudo, verificou-se que a área alagada estimada é de 16.608 km².
Estudo do comportamento de misturas de concreto com substituição parcial do agregado miúdo por resíduo de garrafas pet
Authors: Pagoto Leticia Martelo , Nunes Everton Mussato , Teixeira Sérgio Henrique Caldeira
Published: October 2021

A busca por materiais alternativos de construção está em constante estudo, em que há a finalidade de reduzir os impactos ambientais gerados pela obtenção dos materiais convencionais de construção, como cimento, areia e brita, para o caso do concreto, por exemplo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar substituições parciais, em volume, da areia pelo resíduo de PET, em percentuais de 5% e 10%, e comparar o comportamento das propriedades de consistência, resistência à compressão axial, densidade de massa aparente e absorção de água, em relação ao traço controle, sem incorporação de PET. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: a consistência das misturas foi alterada com a incorporação de PET, mesmo com o aumento da relação a/c em relação ao controle; houve redução da resistência à compressão axial com o aumento da incorporação de PET; a densidade de massa aparente reduziu com a incorporação de PET; a absorção de água foi maior para o traço com 5% de PET e menor para o traço de 10%, quando comparada ao controle. Logo, pode-se concluir que a incorporação dos percentuais de 5% e 10% interferiram nas propriedades estudadas e o percentual de 10% de PET proporcionou melhor empacotamento das misturas, resultando em ligeiro aumento da resistência em relação ao 5% e menor taxa de absorção de água.
Teor de umidade inicial e sua influência no processo de biossecagem de lodo
Authors: Astolphi Luiza Pinatti , Oliveira Juliana da Silva , Achon Cali Laguna
Published: October 2021

As estações de tratamento de esgoto têm grande impacto na saúde pública, pois tratam o esgoto doméstico com o objetivo de devolvê-lo aos corpos d'água como efluente líquido limpo ou para reaproveitamento. Esse tipo de processo produz uma grande quantidade de lodo, que é classificado como resíduo sólido e, portanto, deve ser recuperado, reaproveitado ou reciclado, sendo o aterro o último recurso. O tratamento do lodo é dividido em cinco etapas, sendo estas: adensamento, digestão, desaguamento, secagem e aproveitamento (ou destinação final), de forma a obter uma massa com volume reduzido devido à retirada de água. Uma das opções de processo de secagem é a biossecagem ou biodrying, a qual, utiliza o calor gerado pela fermentação aeróbia de microrganismos para remover a água combinada com o lodo. A vantagem desse procedimento é que ele retém o poder calorífico da massa final, permitindo sua queima e aproveitamento energético. Algumas condições afetarão o processo de biossecagem, entre as quais podemos citar: o teor de umidade inicial, a taxa de aeração, a proporção de mistura dos materiais estruturantes, o revolvimento da massa e a adição de componentes biológicos auxiliares (bulking agents). Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar, a partir da literatura, a importância e o impacto da alteração do teor de umidade inicial do lodo no processo de biossecagem.
Freely Moving Visual Discrimination Assay with Visiomode v1
Authors: Eleftheriou Constantinos
Published: October 2021

The goal of this protocol is to assess visuomotor learning and motor flexibility in freely-moving mice, using the Visiomode touchscreen platform. Water-restricted mice first learn to associate touching a visual stimulus on the screen with a water reward. They then learn to discriminate between different visual stimuli on the touchscreen by nose-poking, before asked to switch their motor strategy to forelimb reaching.
Left atrial function by speckle tracking echocardography in HFpEF v1
Authors: Rimbas RC , Magda SL , Mihaila-Baldea S , Luchian ML , Chitroceanu AM , Hayat M , Mihalcea DJ , Dragoi-Galrinho-Antunes-Guerra R , Stefan M , Velcea A , Andronic A , Lungeanu-Juravle L , Nicula AI , Vinereanu D
Published: October 2021

AIMS. None of the conventional echocardiographic parameters alone predict increased NTproBNP level and symptoms, making diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) very difficult in some cases, in resting condition. We will evaluate LA functions by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) on top of conventional parameters in HFpEF and preHF patients with diastolic dysfunction (DD), in order to establish the added value of the LA deformation parameters in the diagnosis of HFpEF. METHODS. We will enroll patients with HFpEF and compare them with asymptomatic patients with similar risk factors with DD (preHF). We will evaluate them by NTproBNP, conventional DD parameters, and STE. Global longitudinal strain (GS) was added. LA reservoir (R), conduit (C), and pump function (CT) were assessed both by volumetric and STE. 2 reservoir strain (S) derived indices were also measured, stiffness (SI) and distensibility index (DI).
Genetic Determinism on Teachers’ Perceptions about Etiology of Mental Disorders
Authors: Antonelli-Ponti Mayra , Monticelli Patrícia Ferreira , Silva José Aparecido da
Published: October 2021

Mental disorders are disorders of the cognitive, emotional or behavioral condition of an individual. They can have several origins and are usually associated with expressive anguish and difficulty in various aspects of life, including school education. Mental disorders are accompanied by social stigmas which may be linked to the belief in genetic determinism, i.e., in the perception that mental disorders are unchanging. The objective of the present study was to understand the perception of Brazilian teachers of all levels about the etiology of mental disorders. The results showed that most of the teachers studied believe in the predominance or exclusivity of genes in mental disorders, and do not consider the environment as a potential influencer of their occurrence or mitigation. This perception approaches the belief in genetic determinism and can justify the labeling of students with mental disorders and the consequent perpetuation of social stigmas. It is therefore recommended to promote knowledge in this area, including knowledge of the dynamics of interaction between genes and the environment, helping educators to prepare and to be able to act according to the reality of each student without creating inappropriate stereotypes.
Peer Aggression and Sexual Harassment among Young Adolescents in a School Context: A Comparative Study between Finland and Turkey
Authors: Ulubas-Varpula Isik Zeliha , Björkqvist Kaj
Published: October 2021

The study investigates peer aggression and sexual harassment among young adolescents in Finland and Turkey. Sex differences and the interaction effect between country of residence and sex are also examined. A questionnaire was completed by 1,747 adolescents (1, 268 from Finland, 479 from Turkey, Mage = 14.1). Six different forms of aggression (physical, verbal, indirect, cyber, verbal sexual harassment, physical sexual harassment) were examined. More adolescents from Turkey, and more boys, were found to be involved in aggression as both victims and perpetrators compared to adolescents from Finland and girls. The interaction effect was significant between country of residence and sex with being a boy from Turkey was related to having the highest involvement in cyber aggression, verbal sexual harassment, and physical sexual harassment, as both victim and perpetrator. Regarding victimization from indirect aggression, girls from Finland scored higher than Turkish girls, while boys from Turkey scored higher than Finnish boys.
The Effects of Potentiostat Scan Rate Variation on Impedance Value, Topography, and Morphology of the Polyaniline Thin Film
Authors:   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Sa'diyah Iqomatus , Putri Nugrahani Primary ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Published: October 2021

The effects of potentiostat scan rate on the impedance, topography, and morphology of the Polyaniline (PANi) thin film has observed in this study. PANi has deposited on the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) surface with various scan rates, and changes in the impedance value have observed through an impedance analyzer test. Topography Measurement System (TMS) has observed the layer topography, while the layer morphology has observed using optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results have shown that the best sample has a scan rate of 10 mV/s, with a low impedance value indicating the layer has rigid. The variation in scan rate can affect the impedance value, but it is not significant and does not indicate a damping effect on QCM. A homogeneous layer is deposited at a low scan rate from topography and morphological observations, while a high scan rate results in an inhomogeneous layer.
Identification of Elemental Composition and Heavy Metal Content in Maninjau Lake Sediment Using X-Ray Fluorescence (MNJ 18-41B)
Authors:   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang, Akmal Fajar , Rifai Hamdi ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang, Syafriani Syafriani ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang, De La Maisonneuve Caroline Bouvet ,   Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Oalmann Jeffrey Anthony G. ,   Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Forni Francesca ,   Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Eisele Steffen ,   Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Phua Marcus ,   Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Putra Rizaldi ,   Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth
Published: October 2021

Maninjau Lake is a caldera lake located in Agam, West Sumatra. This lake was formed from the volcanic activity of Mount Maninjau Purba about 60,000 years ago. The volcanic material resulting from the eruption is scattered and deposited in various places, one of which is in lake sediments. Volcanic ash contains various types of elements, including heavy metal elements. This study aims to determine the composition and content of heavy metal in the sediments of Maninjau Lake. The sample analyzed was MNJ 18-41B with a core length of 440 mm, focusing on specimens 148 mm and 376 mm. The selection is a specimen based on the magnetic susceptibility value obtained from the measurement meter susceptibility of the MS2E. Specimen 148 has a value susceptibility low of 2.1 × 10-8 m3/kg, while the 376 specimens have the highest value of susceptibility, the highest 141 × 10-8 m3/kg. The content of sediment elements was determined using the results of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) measurements. The measurement results showed that the mineral-forming elements in the sediments of Lake Maninjau were dominated by Si, Fe, Rh, and Zr. In contrast, the highest heavy metal elements are Mn, Fe, Sr, and Rh. Based on the elemental composition and mineral oxide compounds in the sediments of Lake Maninjau derived from volcanic ash.
Programas de Integridade e a avaliação de controle interno da CGU: uma leitura da política pública em relação à Comunicação Organizacional e à Comunicação Pública
Authors: Martins Marina Soares Sabioni , Dias Robson , Gomes Victor Márcio Laus Reis , Curvello João José de Azevedo
Published: October 2021

o artigo discute a importância da área de Comunicação na implantação de Programas de Integridade/Compliance em estatais brasileiras. Relatórios públicos de quatro estatais (Correios, Banco do Nordeste, Eletronorte e Furnas), produzidos pelo Ministério da Transparência e Controladoria Geral da União (CGU), em 2015, foram descritos quanto à comunicação, de forma qualitativa e descritiva. As análises sobre comprometimento da alta direção, treinamentos, comunicação interna, canais de denúncia e monitoramento foram tabelados para maior entendimento. Os resultados de cada uma das estatais são discutidos de forma comparativa.
APLICAÇÃO DAS FERRAMENTAS DA QUALIDADE COMO MELHORIA DA PRODUÇÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA EMPRESA DO RAMO ALIMENTÍCIO
Authors: Alves Camila Guimarães Monteiro de Freitas , Ribeiro Giuliara Cristine De Souza
Published: October 2021

As ferramentas da qualidade são técnicas utilizadas com o objetivo de mensurar, definir, analisar e sugerir soluções para problemas que interferem no bom desempenho dos processos de trabalho. As ferramentas são aplicadas nas organizações devido à sua capacidade de analisar causas dos problemas, permitindo maior produtividade e diminuição de perdas. Sendo assim, o controle da qualidade torna-se importante para atender as necessidades e expectativas dos clientes e para sobrevivência das empresas. Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever a aplicação de ferramentas de gestão da qualidade, analisando a aplicação destas e os resultados alcançados por meio de um estudo de caso. O problema de pesquisa foi: Como a aplicação das ferramentas da qualidade pode contribuir para detecção e resolução de problemas em uma microempresa do ramo alimentício? A aplicação de ferramentas da qualidade permite melhor controle contínuo do processo, melhor qualidade, menor custo, maior conhecimento dos pontos geradores de problemas, maior capacidade de produção e possibilidade de desenvolver um plano de ação para variações e melhoria contínua. O artigo propôs a realização de um estudo de caso em uma pequena empresa com a utilização das ferramentas de qualidade fluxograma, folha de verificação, Diagrama de Pareto, Brainstorming, Diagrama de Ishikawa, 5 Porquês e elaborou-se um Plano de Ação no intuito de minimizar problemas detectados. Os fatores humanos influenciaram nas falhas de processo observadas. A pesquisa permitiu apresentar a facilidade e eficiência na utilização das ferramentas da qualidade para solução de problemas, podendo ser adotada por todas as organizações e em todos os níveis.
TRABALHO NA AGRICULTURA E POLÍTICA SALARIAL: o caso do Complexo Agroindustrial Canavieiro da Paraíba
Authors: Bezerra Lucas
Published: October 2021

O artigo discute a política salarial para o trabalho na agricultura praticada pelo Complexo Agroindustrial Canavieiro da Paraíba. O foco são os assalariados rurais inseridos no corte manual da cana-de-açúcar, submetidos às imposições do pagamento por produção.  Esta modalidade de salário configura-se enquanto a mais adequada às práticas empresariais em vigência no setor sucroalcooleiro. Em consequência a isso, o texto apresenta a ideia de que a política salarial assentada no pagamento por produção desgasta a vida dos trabalhadores, acirra a exploração, incrementa a taxa de mais-valia e atua como um dispositivo de controle e desmonte do trabalho.
O papel do administrador na gestão da política de assistência social: análise a partir de uma pesquisa-ação
Authors: Aparecida Dias Vanessa , Dos Santos Portugal Júnior Pedro , Andrade Brisola Elisa Maria
Published: October 2021

O artigo trata de um dos principais desafios do administrador junto aos órgãos gestores de Assistência Social e indica elementos atuais e necessários para a inclusão deste profissional na estrutura das secretarias municipais, visando a qualidade dos serviços socioassistenciais. Este trabalho de base bibliográfica, documental e com a técnica da pesquisa-ação, colheu relatos de um administrador que aplicou ferramentas gerenciais em um equipamento da Assistência Social. Os resultados alcançados na administração  do serviço foram a  maior organização na gestão de pessoal, melhor controle no estoque de produtos utilizados nos programas e projetos  garantindo distribuição uniforme dos mesmos a todos os equipamentos, avaliação mais rigorosa nas compras, sem prejuízo da aquisição dos produtos, bem como uma melhor assistência administrativa aos funcionários de todos os equipamentos.
AS IMPLICAÇÕES DO RISCO TRIBUTÁRIO E DA AGRESSIVIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA SOBRE O CUSTO DE CAPITAL DE TERCEIROS NAS EMPRESAS LISTADAS NA B3
Authors: Dantas Ricardo Ferreira , Marques dos Anjos Luiz Carlos , Nobre Rêgo Carla Janaina Ferreira , Teixeira Lagioia Umbelina Cravo
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo busca investigar as implicações da agressividade tributária e do risco tributário sobre o custo de capital de terceiros das empresas listadas na B3 (Brasil Bolsa Balcão) no período de 2010 a 2018. O objetivo é avaliar como as posições tributárias adotadas pelas empresas podem afetar o custo de capital de terceiros, particularmente o risco tributário, pode se tratar de uma corrente de pesquisa incipiente. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se três proxies para agressividade tributária: Effective Tax Rate (ETR); Cash Effective Tax (CashETR); e o Book Tax Difference (BTD). Para o risco tributário utilizou o desvio padrão do CashETR dos últimos três anos anteriores ao cálculo do custo da dívida. Para análise dos resultados foram utilizados dados em painel desbalanceados com efeitos aleatórios. Os achados da pesquisa evidenciaram que as empresas mais agressivas tributariamente arcam com um maior custo de capital, no entanto, os resultados só apresentaram significância estatística para a proxy ETR. Quanto às variáveis de controle utilizadas na pesquisa, verificou-se relação com o custo da dívida: alavancagem, retorno sobre os ativos e investimentos em imobilizado. No tocante ao risco tributário, os resultados encontrados evidenciaram uma relação inversa com o custo da dívida, ou seja, empresa que apresentam maior volatilidade do pagamento dos tributos têm um menor custo da dívida.
TOPLUMSAL EYLEM VE DEĞİŞME: TALCOTT PARSONS’IN DÜŞÜNCESİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR OKUMA
Authors: SADIKOĞLU Zehra Zeynep
Published: October 2021

Maddî ve beşerî kaynakların ABD merkezli hale geldiği ve sosyal bilimlerin hem Amerikan toplumuna hem de Batı dışı dünyaya model sunma yönünde araçsallaştığı 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, uygulamalı sosyolojik çalışmalara teorik ve kavramsal çerçeve sağlama misyonunu yüklenen Talcott Parsons’ın kuramının odağında toplum nasıl bir arada tutulabilir sorusu yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle toplumsal denge, toplumsal bütünleşme, toplumsal uyum gibi kavramlar kuramında öne çıkmıştır. Ancak bu durum, onun toplumsal eylem ve değişmeyi göz ardı ettiği anlamına gelmemektedir. Tam tersine toplumsal denge ile uyumlu toplumsal eylem ve tedrici bir toplumsal değişme Parsons’ın kuramına içkin durumdadır. Literatür değerlendirmesine dayanan bu çalışma ise toplumsal eylem, genel sistem kuramı ve genel sistem kuramının sibernetik modeli olmak üzere sınıflandırılabilecek Parsons’ın sosyolojik düşüncesinin üç evresinde toplumsal eylem ve toplumsal değişme olgularını nasıl ele aldığını göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede Parsons’ın düşüncesinde toplumsal eylem ve toplumsal değişmenin, toplum ile bireyin psikolojik ve motivasyonel yapılanması arasındaki karşılıklı ilişki dairesinde uyum yönünde gerçekleştiği ortaya konmuştur.
SOCIAL CAPITAL REVISITED: CONCEPT AND MEASUREMENT
Authors: HACIMAHMUTOĞLU Hande , YÜKSEL-KAPTANOĞLU İlknur
Published: October 2021

The concept of social capital implies to the benefit of social relations for individuals and community. The complicated structure of social capital led the theoreticians to see it from varying aspects and forms, and the researchers to measure it in many different ways. Examining the existing studies in the literature, it is understood that while measuring social capital, a definition of the aspects and the level of analysis appropriate to the social capital theory that is employed is necessary. In this context, the researcher has to decide the level of the research and the theory that lays behind the necessary assumptions for the study. It is essential to consider both structural and cognitive aspects of social capital for its measurement. Regarding the data sources that are utilized in the existing empirical studies, time-use surveys provide a broad scale information that enable to investigate the structural aspect of social capital-which might be observed via objective methods, but it is limited for the cognitive aspect- which might be better observed via subjective methods. Hence, concertedly utilised quantitative and qualitative methods would provide the broadest and convenient data and information about social capital.
TÜRKİYE’DE SURİYELİ SIĞINMACILARA YAKLAŞIMLAR: TEMAS VE TEHDİT KURAMLARININ ANALİZİ
Authors: ACAR Taylan
Published: October 2021

Türkiye toplumunun Suriyeli sığınmacılara karşı tutumlarını etkileyen faktörler nelerdir? Elinizdeki çalışma Türkiye’de çok sık sorulan ancak akademik yazında çok az araştırılan bu soruya odaklanmaktadır. KONDA Araştırma ve Danışmanlık tarafından gerçekleştirilen ve ulusal çapta temsil kabiliyeti olan Suriyelilere karşı yaklaşımlar araştırmasının verilerini çevresel faktörlerle birleştirerek kullanan çalışma, Türkiye bağlamında gruplar arası temas ve grup tehdidi kuramlarını ilk kez doğrudan test etmektedir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, Suriye sınırına yakın olan illerde Suriyelilere karşı olumsuz yaklaşımlar ülke ortalamasının üzerindedir. Ayrıca, temas kuramının varsayımlarına uygun olarak günlük hayatında Suriyelilerle daha sık karşılaşan katılımcılarda olumsuz yaklaşımlar azalma eğilimi göstermektedir. Ancak bu azalma Suriyeli nüfusun il nüfusunun küçük bir kısmını temsil ettiği durumlarda geçerlidir. İl düzeyindeki Suriyeli nüfusun toplam nüfusun %10’unun üzerinde olduğu durumlarda daha sık temas tam tersi etki yaparak, olumsuz yaklaşımları artırmaktadır. Grup tehdidi kuramının açıklayıcılığı ise sınırlıdır. Kuram, sadece hem Suriyeli nüfusun yüksek olduğu hem de işsizlik oranının yüksek olduğu Hatay ve Şanlıurfa gibi illerdeki yaklaşımlar için açıklayıcı olmaktadır. Son olarak, siyasi parti tercihi ile yaklaşımlar arasındaki ilişkinin de katılımcıların ekonomik kriz beklentisine bağlı olduğu görülmüştür.
A Word about the Author
Authors:   Saratov State University, Prozorov V. V.
Published: October 2021

The experience of a dictionary entry ‘Author’ offered here provides essential help in mastering the course of “Introduction into Literary Studies” and deals with the meanings of one of the key notions of philology. Some general ideas are presented: of the author as a biographic individual, of the author as the creator of a literary text, of the implicit author, and of the two approaches outlined in the XX century to the issue of the reader and author relationship.
Here and there: the double-side transgene localization
Authors: Salnikov P. A. , Khabarova A. A. , Koksharova G. S. , Mungalov R. V. , Belokopytova P. S. , Pristyazhnuk I. E. , Nurislamov A. R. , Somatich P. , Gridina M. M. , Fishman V. S.
Published: October 2021

Random transgene integration is a powerful tool for developing new genome-wide screening approaches. These techniques have already been used for functional gene annotation by transposon-insertion sequencing, for identification of transcription factor binding sites and regulatory sequences, and for dissecting chromatin position effects. Precise localization of transgenes and accurate artifact filtration are essential for this type of method. To date, many mapping assays have been developed, including Inverse-PCR, TLA, LAM-PCR, and splinkerette PCR. However, none of them is able to ensure localization of both transgene’s flanking regions simultaneously, which would be necessary for some applications. Here we proposed a cheap and simple NGS-based approach that overcomes this limitation. The developed assay requires using intentionally designed vectors that lack recognition sites of one or a set of restriction enzymes used for DNA fragmentation. By looping and sequencing these DNA fragments, we obtain special data that allows us to link the two flanking regions of the transposon. This can be useful for precise insertion mapping and for screening approaches in the field of chromosome engineering, where chromosomal recombination events between transgenes occur in a cell population. To demonstrate the method’s feasibility, we applied it for mapping SB transposon integration in the human HAP1 cell line. Our technique allowed us to efficiently localize genomic transposon integrations, which was confirmed via PCR analysis. For practical application of this approach, we proposed a set of recommendations and a normalization strategy. The developed method can be used for multiplex transgene localization and detection of rearrangements between them.
Genetic resources of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and their role in its domestication and breeding
Authors: Vishnyakova M. A. , Vlasova E. V. , Egorova G. P.
Published: October 2021

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a cultivated multipurpose species with a very short history of domestication. It is used as a green manure, and for feed and food. This crop shows good prospects for use in pharmacology and as a source of fish feeds in aquaculture. However, its genetic potential for the development of productive and adaptable cultivars is far from being realized. For crop species, the genetic base of the cultivated gene pool has repeatedly been shown as being much narrower than that of the wild gene pool. Therefore, efficient utilization of a species’ genetic resources is important for the crop’s further improvement. Analyzing the information on the germplasm collections preserved in national gene banks can help perceive the worldwide diversity of L. angustifolius genetic resources and understand how they are studied and used. In this context, the data on the narrow-leaved lupine collection held by VIR are presented: its size and composition, the breeding status of accessions, methods of studying and disclosing intraspecific differentiation, the classifications used, and the comparison of this information with available data on other collections. It appeared that VIR’s collection of narrow-leaved lupine, ranking as the world’s second largest, differed significantly from others by the prevalence of advanced cultivars and breeding material in it, while wild accessions prevailed in most collections. The importance of the wild gene pool for the narrow-leaved lupine breeding in Australia, the world leader in lupine production, is highlighted. The need to get an insight into the species’ ecogeographic diversity in order to develop cultivars adaptable to certain cultivation conditions is shown. The data on the testing of VIR’s collection for main crop characters valuable for breeders are presented. Special attention is paid to the study of accessions with limited branching as a promising gene pool for cultivation in relatively northern regions of Russia. They demonstrate lower but more stable productivity, and suitability for cultivation in planting patterns, which has a number of agronomic advantages. Analyzing the work with narrow-leaved lupine genetic resources in different national gene banks over the world helps shape the prospects of further activities with VIR’s collection as the only source of promising material for domestic breeding.
Variation in nuclear genome size within the Eisenia nordenskioldi complex (Lumbricidae, Annelida)
Authors: Shekhovtsov S. V. , Efremov Ya. R. , Poluboyarova T. V. , Peltek S. E.
Published: October 2021

The size of the nuclear genome in eukaryotes is mostly determined by mobile elements and noncoding sequences and may vary within wide limits. It can differ significantly both among higher-order taxa and closely related species within a genus; genome size is known to be uncorrelated with organism complexity (the so-called C-paradox). Less is known about intraspecific variation of this parameter. Typically, genome size is stable within a species, and the known exceptions turn out be cryptic taxa. The Eisenia nordenskioldi complex encompasses several closely related earthworm species. They are widely distributed in the Urals, Siberia, and the Russian Far East, as well as adjacent regions. This complex is characterized by significant morphological, chromosomal, ecological, and genetic variation. The aim of our study was to estimate the nuclear genome size in several genetic lineages of the E.  nordenskioldi complex using flow cytometry. The genome size in different genetic lineages differed strongly, which supports the hypothesis that they are separate species. We found two groups of lineages, with small (250–500 Mbp) and large (2300–3500 Mbp) genomes. Moreover, different populations within one lineage also demonstrated variation in genome size (15–25 %). We compared the obtained data to phylogenetic trees based on transcriptome data. Genome size in ancestral population was more likely to be big. It increased or decreased independently in different lineages, and these processes could be associated with changes in genome size and/or transition to endogeic lifestyle.
Negative heterosis for meiotic recombination rate in spermatocytes of the domestic chicken Gallus gallus
Authors: Malinovskaya L. P. , Tishakova K. V. , Bikchurina T. I. , Slobodchikova A. Yu. , Torgunakov N. Yu. , Torgasheva A. A. , Tsepilov Y. A. , Volkova N. A. , Borodin P. M.
Published: October 2021

Benefits and costs of meiotic recombination are a matter of discussion. Because recombination breaks allele combinations already tested by natural selection and generates new ones of unpredictable fitness, a high recombination rate is generally beneficial for the populations living in a fluctuating or a rapidly changing environment and costly in a stable environment. Besides genetic benefits and costs, there are cytological effects of recombination, both positive and negative. Recombination is necessary for chromosome synapsis and segregation. However, it involves a massive generation of double-strand DNA breaks, erroneous repair of which may lead to germ cell death or various mutations and chromosome rearrangements. Thus, the benefits of recombination (generation of new allele combinations) would prevail over its costs (occurrence of deleterious mutations) as long as the population remains sufficiently heterogeneous. Using immunolocalization of MLH1, a mismatch repair protein, at the synaptonemal complexes, we examined the number and distribution of recombination nodules in spermatocytes of two chicken breeds with high (Pervomai) and low (Russian Crested) recombination rates and their F1 hybrids and backcrosses. We detected negative heterosis for recombination rate in the F1 hybrids. Backcrosses to the Pervomai breed were rather homogenous and showed an intermediate recombination rate. The differences in overall recombination rate between the breeds, hybrids and backcrosses were mainly determined by the differences in the crossing over number in the seven largest macrochromosomes. The decrease in recombination rate in F1 is probably determined by difficulties in homology matching between the DNA sequences of genetically divergent breeds. The suppression of recombination in the hybrids may impede gene flow between parapatric populations and therefore accelerate their genetic divergence.
Genotyping of potato samples from the GenAgro ICG SB RAS collection using DNA markers of genes conferring resistance to phytopathogens
Authors: Totsky I. V. , Rozanova I. V. , Safonova A. D. , Batov A. S. , Gureeva Yu. A. , Khlestkina E. K. , Kochetov A. V.
Published: October 2021

Wart (a disease caused by Synchytrium endobioticum) and golden cyst potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis), which parasitize the roots of the host plant, cause significant damage to potato crop. Both of these disease factors are quarantined in the Russian Federation, and each registered variety is tested for resistance to their most common races and pathotypes. The main method of opposing such diseases is by the development of resistant varieties. An important step in this process is the selection of resistant genotypes from the population and the estimation of the resistance of hybrids obtained by crosses during the breeding process. Conducting a permanent phenotypic evaluation is associated with difficulties, for example, it is not always possible to work with pathogens, and phenotypic evaluation is very costly and time consuming. However, the use of DNA markers linked to resistance genes can significantly speed up and reduce the cost of the breeding process. The aim of the study was to screen the GenAgro potato collection of ICG SB RAS using known diagnostic PCR markers linked to golden potato cyst nematode and wart resistance. Genotyping was carried out on 73 potato samples using three DNA markers 57R, CP113, Gro1-4 associated with nematode resistance and one marker, NL25, associated with wart resistance. The genotyping data were compared with the data on the resistance of the collection samples. Only the 57R marker had a high level of correlation (Spearman R = 0.722008, p = 0.000000, p < 0.05) between resistance and the presence of a diagnostic fragment. The diagnostic efficiency of the 57R marker was 86.11 %. This marker can be successfully used for screening a collection, searching for resistant genotypes and marker-assisted selection. The other markers showed a low correlation between the presence of the DNA marker and resistance. The diagnostic efficiency of the CP113 marker was only 44.44 %. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (Spearman R = –0.109218, p = 0.361104, p < 0.05) did not show significant correlation between resistance and the DNA marker. The diagnostic efficiency of the NL25 marker was 61.11 %. No significant correlation was found between the NL25 marker and resistance (Spearman R = –0.017946, p = 0.881061, p < 0.05). The use of these markers for the search for resistant samples is not advisable.
New species and new records for the climber genus Friesodielsia (Annonaceae) in the flora of Thailand
Authors:   Biological Science Division, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand, Leeratiwong Charan , Chalermglin Piya ,   Agricultural Technology Department, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province 12120, Thailand, Satthaporn Jiratthi ,   Biological Science Division, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand, Aongyong Kithisak ,   Khao Noi, Sichon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80120, Thailand, Johnson David M. ,   Department of Botany and Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA
Published: October 2021

Six new species of Friesodielsia (Annonaceae) are described and illustrated, seven species are documented for Thailand for the first time, and Oxymitra fornicata (Roxb.) D. Das var. glabra is raised to species rank as Friesodielsia andamanica. These additions bring the species diversity of Friesodielsia in Thailand to 16 species. A key to the Thai species is provided.
The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of infectious complications in surgical treatment of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Elmanova N. G.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To study the content of cytokines in the blood serum of patients with obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin before and after surgical treatment, depending on the development of postoperative complications.Materials and methods. The treatment group consisted of 70 patients with the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin, verified following a comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination. In 54 patients, the postoperative period was uncomplicated, and in 16 patients, various infectious complications in the postoperative period were revealed. The control group consisted of 125 healthy volunteers. The concentration of six cytokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-18, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (INF γ)) was determined using reagent kits manufactured by Vector-Best LLC (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the Thermo Scientific analyzer (BioMerieux, France).Results. We identified significantly high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood serum of patients with obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin upon admission, compared with the data obtained in the study of blood serum in the control group and in patients with obstructive jaundice after surgery. In the postoperative period in patients with obstructive jaundice without complications, the proinflammatory cytokines are significantly reduced and IL-4 is increased, whereas with the development of infectious complications, the level of proinflammatory cytokines is significantly elevated.Conclusion. In the pathogenesis of obstructive jaundice, a local inflammatory process plays an essential role. This is confirmed by statistically significant changes in the studied cytokines. The established increase in the concentration of IL-4, which has anti-inflammatory activity, indicates its importance in the mechanisms underlying the absence of infectious complications in the postoperative period of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin. The revealed increase in the levels of IL-18, TNFα, and INFγ in the blood serum of patients suggests their role in the pathogenesis of infectious complications in the postoperative period of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin.
Incidence rate and clinical characteristics of seasonal affective disorders in senior medical students
Authors: Ukraintsev I. I. , Schastnyy E. D. , Bokhan N. A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To study the incidence rate, clinical features, and prognosis of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in senior (6th-year) medical students.Materials and methods. SAD screening using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ, 1987) included 119 undergraduate medical students. 78 students were females (65.5%) and 41 – males (34.5%) (p = 0.001). The average age of women was 23 (22; 23) years, the average age of men – 23 (22; 24) years. Statistical processing was performed using the Mann – Whitney U-test, Pearson’s χ2 test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs).Results. The data on the prevalence of affective disorders with a seasonal pattern in medical students were obtained: SAD – 9.2%, sub-SAD – 13.5%, psychological undulation of season perception (PUSP) – 16.8%. The number of students who did not exhibit seasonal undulation of the six main characteristics recorded by the SPAQ was 72 (60.5%) (p = 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the higher median Global Seasonality Score of the SPAQ for SAD compared with PUSP, both with and without account of the gender factor (p = 0.001). The use of a binary logistic regression model made it possible to identify groups of students with or without SAD according to the SPAQ. The data obtained determined the contribution of the following factors: gender, seasonality, body weight, and the number of sleep hours per day in spring.Conclusion. The study made it possible to obtain a logistic regression model that allowed to predict the greatest likelihood of developing SAD.
The role of рАКТ1 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Vaneeva E. V. , Rosin V. A. , Diakonov D. A. , Luchinin A. S. , Samarina S. V. , Kochetov N. L.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To evaluate the prognostic value of pAKT1 expression by tumor cells in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Materials and methods. The study included 90 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), who were treated at the clinic of Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from 2014 to 2017 and received standard first-line polychemotherapy according to the R-CHOP regimen. Using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods, the relative number of tumor cells expressing pAKT1 was determined. Using the two-sided Fisher’s exact test, the relationship of different levels of marker expression with clinical and laboratory parameters of patients and long-term treatment results was analyzed. The impact of pAKT1 on the risk of an adverse event was assessed using the Cox regression analysis.Results. Overexpression of pAKT1 is associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics of patients with DLBCL, excessive expression of the BCL2 and c-Myc oncoproteins, as well as with low rates of overall and progressive survival. Overexpression of pAKT1 is an independent prognostic factor and statistically significantly affects the risk of an adverse outcome in DLBCL.Conclusion. The degree of pAKT1 expression is an informative criterion that allows to predict the course of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It is advisable to use the indicated marker when stratifying patients into risk groups.
The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke
Authors: Dolgushin I. I. , Zaripova Z. Z. , Karpova M. I.
Published: October 2021

Background. Immune responses and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.Aim. To analyze the involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.Results. Data on the contribution of neutrophil granulocytes to the development of local sterile inflammation and secondary brain injury in acute ischemic stroke were summarized. Mechanisms of neutrophil influence on thrombosis, neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), protease release, and direct interaction with platelets with subsequent formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates were discussed. Available information on the effectiveness of reperfusion therapy and an association of changes in neutrophil activity with development of infectious complications of stroke were presented. In addition, research data were presented on the contribution of neutrophils to atherogenesis, which is one of the most important etiological factors in ischemic stroke. The review showed that the contribution of neutrophils to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is associated with implementation of their secretory, regulatory, and phagocytic functions, as well as with NETosis.Conclusion. It was shown that neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and modulate a response to treatment.