bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Selenium Content in Soil of Western Hubei Province, China
Authors: Qin Haolin
Published: April 2024

Mastering the distribution of selenium in soils is vital for the development of selenium-enriched industries. This study focuses on Xintang Township in Enshi City, western Hubei Province, known for its selenium-rich soils, analyzing 2,469 soil samples to understand selenium distribution and its influencing factors. Key findings include: 1. Selenium content in surface soils ranges from 0.14 to 25.74 mg/kg, with an average of 0.81 mg/kg, and 86.23% of the area has selenium-rich soils. 2. Soil selenium content is significantly influenced by the parent material, especially soils from the Permian black rock series, showing higher selenium levels with an enrichment factor of 3.74. 3. Soil type impacts selenium distribution, with yellow lime soil and brown lime soil showing high enrichment factors of 3.94 and 2.62, respectively.
Risk Management Strategies for Waste-to-Energy Projects Utilizing BOT Models
Authors: Jie Xinggang , Jie Yinggang
Published: April 2024

Since the 1990s, with the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, the rapid development of China's economy, the progress of urbanization is getting faster and faster, and as one of the urban wastes, the treatment of domestic waste has also attracted more and more attention. The municipal solid waste incineration treatment, and the heat generated after combustion is used to generate electricity, referred to as "garbage incineration power generation", because this way can make the waste to reduce, harmless, and can be converted into part of the electricity, because it is widely used in the treatment of municipal solid waste by local governments. Due to the shortage of government funds, most domestic waste incineration projects are implemented in BOT mode. Waste incineration power generation projects are often a large investment, for investors, the recovery period is long, the technical requirements are high, the investment agreement signed with the government is also very complex, coupled with the imperfect supporting laws and policies in China, so that the process of waste incineration power generation projects have many problems and risks, through the operation, construction, investment and other links. Based on the theoretical content of risk management in project management and combined with practical cases, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for important risks in the project, so as to analyze and discuss the risks of garbage incineration BOT project. Firstly, this paper investigates and collates the research situation of relevant projects at home and abroad, and systematically summarizes the project research results from three aspects, namely, BOT risk management of waste incineration power generation projects, BOT model of projects and BOT project risk research. Secondly, the multi-case study method was used to analyze the risks of 3 typical waste-to-power generation BOT projects, collect risk factors, construct risk aggregation, and summarize 5 types of key risks and 14 kinds of risks. Then, according to the BOT agreement signed with the government side, the specific risk management method is proposed. The goal of this study is the LF waste incineration power generation project. The author participated in the project and identified and evaluated the project risks through risk list and hierarchical analysis, so as to find out the main risks in the project such as government risk, public opinion risk, completion risk and operational risk. In addition, in combination with the project risk, specific risk coping strategies are proposed according to the risk coping strategies proposed in the paper and the actual situation of the project, so as to reduce the degree of project risk and reduce risk losses. For other similar projects in China, there is reference and reference significance and value.
Study on the Influence of Geological Structure on Gas Occurrence and Gas Outburst
Authors: Guan Wenbo
Published: April 2024

Gas is a gaseous geological body and a product of geological genesis. The geological structure and the historical evolution of coal bearing strata control the generation conditions of coal-bed gas and the preservation conditions of coal-bed gas subjected to depression, uplift, compression and tension in previous tectonic movements. The geological conditions that control the occurrence of gas disasters determine the state of gas occurrence, gas content, gas pressure, gas emission and the risk of coal and gas outburst in coal seams. There are obvious characteristics of zoning and zoning. Gas occurrence and gas outburst are controlled by various geological factors, and geological structure plays a decisive role in coal and gas outburst. Studying the influence of geological structure on gas occurrence law and gas outburst and mastering gas geological law can achieve the purpose of gas prediction and gas control. This paper discusses the influence of fold, fault and sliding structure on gas occurrence, and discusses the influence of geological structure on gas outburst from three aspects of coal seam gas pressure, in-situ stress and coal body structure. It can provide a basis for the prediction of gas outburst and has important significance for the prevention and control of gas accidents in coal mines.
Study on Seepage of Coalbed Methane in Pore-fracture Double - porosity Medium
Authors: Xing Liru
Published: April 2024

The study of coalbed methane (CBM) seepage within dual-porosity medium constitutes a significant research endeavor in the field of geology and coalbed methane reservoir engineering. This research delves into the complex dynamics governing CBM flow through porous coal matrices within dual-porosity systems. Employing advanced methodologies including numerical simulation and experimental analysis, this investigation aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CBM migration, encompassing diffusion and adsorption phenomena within the coal matrix, as well as interactions with adjacent strata. The outcomes of this study carry substantial implications for optimizing CBM extraction techniques and promoting the sustainable utilization of this invaluable natural resource.
Heavy Metal Pollution Status and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Farmland Surface Soil Along River in Jiaozuo Area
Authors: Li Yujie
Published: April 2024

A total of 41 surface soil samples were collected from the farmlands along Guangliji River and Jianggou River in Jiaozuo area, and 7 heavy metals such As Cr, Cu, Zn, AS, Cd, Pb and Ni were determined by ICP-MS (Varian-820).The soil accumulation index method, single factor pollution index method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the pollution status and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the study area. The results showed that compared with the risk screening value (pH>7.5) given in the "Soil Quality Standard for Soil Pollution Risk Control of Agricultural Land" (GB15618-2018), Cd in farmland soil along the two rivers exceeded the screening value by 5.7 times and 1.5 times, respectively, and was the main local pollutant. The Nemero comprehensive pollution index of the farmland along Guangliji River and Jianggou River was 9.71 and 1.88, respectively, which were in the level of heavy pollution and light pollution. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index of farmland along the two rivers is 417.65 and 85.79, with strong ecological risk and slight ecological risk respectively. The comprehensive evaluation shows that there is a certain degree of heavy metal pollution in the farmland soil along the river in Jiaozuo area, especially Cd pollution, and the ecological risk in some areas has exceeded the acceptable level, which should arouse the attention of the local government and relevant departments.
Research on Green and Low-Carbon Development Countermeasures of Anshan Iron and Steel Industry Under the Goal of "Double Carbon"
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: April 2024

Green low-carbon and economic and social win-win is the only way to achieve sustainable development. Through the new growth point, new momentum and new path of green low-carbon development of Anshan iron and steel industry, Anshan City will continue to improve the quality and efficiency of green development. This paper mainly expounds the status quo and obstacles to the implementation of green and low-carbon development of Anshan iron and steel industry, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the government, enterprises and the public to strengthen the construction of a new path to achieve green and low-carbon development of Anshan iron and steel industry.
The Development and Characteristic Analysis of China's International Relations Theory
Authors: Zhang Lifeng
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to analyze the development and characteristics of China's international relations theory. Firstly, it reviews the origin and evolution of China's international relations theory, then discusses its characteristics and main viewpoints during different historical periods. Finally, it examines the position and influence of China's international relations theory on the current international stage. Through a comprehensive analysis of China's international relations theory, this paper aims to deepen the understanding of China's thoughts and positions in international affairs, as well as its impact on the global political landscape.
The Impact of Minimum Wage Policies on Income Inequality: Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Zhichao
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the impact of China's minimum wage policy on income inequality. By analysing micro-survey data from China's urban labour market, this study uses microeconometric methods to assess the level and implementation of the minimum wage and its multiple impacts on the employment effect, the labour supply effect, the spillover effect, the inequality effect and the income distribution effect. It was found that the minimum wage policy, while raising the wage level of low-income groups, had a significant negative impact on the income of workers whose income levels fell within the 150 per cent to 250 per cent range of the previous period's minimum wage, suggesting that the minimum wage policy did not have a uniform effect in reducing the income gap.
Practical Analysis of Stock Market Under ESG
Authors: Wang Yiqi
Published: April 2024

In today's era, climate change brought about by the greenhouse effect is gradually bringing more and more economic losses and natural disasters. In order to mitigate the negative impact of climate change, many countries have jointly formulated a 1.5°C climate scenario, which has brought a lot of impact on the global economy and industry development (Henderson et al., 2020). At the same time, my client commissioned me to build a portfolio that complies with the 1.5°C climate scenario, and the shares must be included in the S&P 500 Net Zero 2050 Climate Transition ESG Index as of 30/09/2022. The total portfolio is $100,000, and the benchmark designates the S&P 500 Net Zero 2050 Climate Transition ESG Index. Because the investment horizon is short and only six weeks, I chose semi-active management in my portfolio management process, and the rebalancing method was selected as percentage rebalancing. Finally, based on macro and industry analysis and relative valuation and technical analysis of the corresponding stocks, I selected ten stocks: Starbucks Corporation, Tesla, Inc., Amgen Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., Eversource Energy, The Coca-Cola Company, and Expeditors International of Washington, Inc., Trans Digm Group Incorporated， Netflix, Inc., S&P Global Inc. I calculated their respective shares using the Markowitz model and bought and rebalanced, but unfortunately, my portfolio did not work as expected. The sector index fell by 4.87% in the week of the investment term, but my portfolio fell by 7.45% and performed poorly. Among them, the collapse of Tesla due to special events and my previous judgment of Tesla were greatly affected, and although its share price was only 9.94%, its share price fell by 33.74%. Although the late-stage rebalancing gave me hope for the better, the short investment horizon became a significant obstacle to the improvement of my portfolio.
Analyzing Equitable Goods Distribution: Integrating Fair Division Principles and Game Theory
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ni Chenmin , Wang Mengping , Tang Lisha
Published: April 2024

This research focuses on the equitable allocation of indivisible goods among five agents, where each agent holds goods contributing to its profit. The dual objectives are to maximize all agents' collective profit and ensure the fairness of goods distribution. Fair distribution is identified as a significant social challenge. The study aims to explore and elucidate the fair relationships within goods distribution through the lens of game theory, a methodological framework that has seen rapid advancements in various fields. Utilizing game theory for this analysis is crucial for advancing social equity and improving public satisfaction with distribution outcomes.
Research Progress of Preparing Titanium Alloy By Molten Salt Method
Authors: Miao Yuhang , Cai Yanqing , Ren Mengya , Hu Jinming
Published: April 2024

Titanium alloy has excellent characteristics that cannot be compared with other metals such as light specific gravity, high specific strength, wide applicable temperature range, corrosion resistance, and hydrogen storage. The traditional titanium alloy smelting process is mainly based on titanium sponge as raw material, which has a long process, high energy consumption, heavy pollution, and other problems, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of titanium alloy in the world. The common methods of preparing titanium alloy are alloy melting, metal thermal reduction, powder metallurgy, and the gradually emerging molten salt electrolysis. Among them, molten salt electrolysis is recognized as the most promising method to replace the traditional titanium alloy production process, and certain achievements have been made in recent years in terms of both process and basic theory research. In this paper, the common processes of titanium alloy preparation by molten salt electrolysis at home and abroad, such as molten salt electrolytic co-deposition method, cathodic alloying method and liquid cathode method, new FFC method, and its derived SOM method, etc., will be summarized systematically, and the future research will be put forward.
Looking beyond the P-value
Authors: LaCross J. A.
Published: April 2024

Many physiotherapists find it challenging to apply research findings in practice because there is uncertainty about statistical interpretation. This commentary aims to explain three statistics that are often seen in the results sections of research papers, i.e. probability values, confidence intervals and effect sizes. Additionally, the importance of considering these values together is discussed. A better understanding of statistical interpretation could help physiotherapists to use research more effectively to guide care.
PENGARUH TERAPI KOMBINAS JUS BAYAM (AMANRANTHUS) DAN TOMAT (SOLANUN-LYCOPERCUM) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL ANEMIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS CUBADAK TAHUN 2023
Authors: Rahmadheny Suci , Nova Hamid Desry
Published: April 2024

Anemia pada kehamilan merupakan salah satu masalah nasional karena mencerminkan nilai kesejahteraan sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan pengaruhnya sangat besar terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia. Pada tahun 2018, prevalensi kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia sebesar 48,9% yang  cenderung meningkat dari tahun 2015 yang sebesar 37,1. Angka kejadian anemia di Puskesmas Cubadak tahun 2022 sebanyak 14,4% atau sebanyak 36 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kombinasi jus daun bayam (Amaranthus) dan Tomat (solanun-lycopersicum) Terhadap  terhadap kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil anemia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cubadak Tahun 2023. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimen dengan desain one group pre test-posttes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan September 2023 di Puskesmas Cubadak. Populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cubadak tahun 2023 yang berumlah 52 orang dan sampel berjumlah 12 orang, dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis secara uni variat dan analisi bivariate dengan menggunakan Uji Paired t-test., hasil penelitian adalah rata-rata Hb ibu hamil anemia sebelum diberikan jus bayam (Amaranthus) dan Tomat (solanun-lycopersicum) terhadap kadar Hemoblobin ibu hamil dengan nilai  p value 0,001 (<0,05). Kesimpulan terdapat pengaruh pemberian jus daun bayam  (Amaranthus) dan Tomat (solanun-lycopersicum) terhadap kadar Hemoglobin ibu hamil anemia. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk menganjurkan ibu hamil anemia untuk mengkonsumsi jus bayam  (Amaranthus) dan Tomat (solanun-lycopersicum) sebagai upaya membantu meningkatkan hemoglobin ibu hamil anemia.
Assessing Transport Patterns and Local transport routes in Assam and Meghalaya
Authors: Nimesh Vikas , Hussain Md Saddam , Jain Anmol , Singh Pramod Kumar
Published: April 2024

The report on “Transport Pattern in Assam and Meghalaya” meticulously examines the current state of transportation within these regions, focusing on road networks, user preferences, and the environmental impact of existing transport modes. It identifies significant challenges, such as congestion, pollution, and the need for infrastructure upgrades, while exploring the potential for introducing sustainable and electric vehicle options. The analysis includes recommendations for enhancing transportation efficiency, improving public transport systems, and encouraging the adoption of greener alternatives. Aimed at stakeholders and policymakers, this document offers insights into creating more sustainable and efficient transportation networks in Assam and Meghalaya, catering to their unique geographical and socio-economic contexts.
Alternative approaches to practical work in a biology classroom – meeting the needs of our students
Authors: Astuti Elisabeth Endah Kusuma , Sriyansyah Syakti Perdana , Barrera Jeffrey DC
Published: April 2024

Most science teachers regard practical work as an essential requirement for science teaching. There is, however, research-based evidence suggesting that how practical work might best be assessed and carried out in high school science was still ineffective and controversial. Here, the conceptual and procedural knowledge of 110 secondary students as they carried out the practical work in science courses are explored. Regardless of the amount and details of prior instruction that the students get, the descriptive analysis method was used to investigate the extent to which students at the secondary level can both explain biological concepts and perform practical procedures after participating in practical work. A total of 30 open-ended questions were given to students after completing four practical works on the topics of cells, food testing, photosynthesis, and urine testing. Students performed slightly better in procedural knowledge (65) compared to conceptual knowledge (64), with both scores out of 100. The results thus far are consistent with findings from previous studies, which indicate that practical work lacks emphasis on the minds-on aspects. It also shows that procedural knowledge, which is not currently, summatively assessed in Indonesian school science, has not been fully mastered by students even after carrying out practical work. To address this issue, the alternative to a practical test as an indirect assessment of practical skills (IAPS) from England has been adapted to the assessment of practical work in an Indonesian classroom setting. The considerations and limitations are discussed.
The effectiveness of the Sirius School for high school teachers
Authors: Acioly Vitor , Velloso Marcio , Santos Antonio
Published: April 2024

The Sirius School for High School Teachers (ESPEM) is an in-service program for high school science teachers. It is held at the National Center for Research in Energy and Materials in Campinas, in partnership with the Brazilian Society of Physics. The program aims to enhance the skills of science teachers in high schools, facilitate the exchange of knowledge between teachers from all over Brazil, and produce updated teaching materials that promote Brazilian science and technology. To investigate how ESPEM contributes to the training of basic education teachers, and to assess the effectiveness of the program, we employed various data collection methodologies in a qualitative research study. Our objectives were: i) to identify the expectations of the participating teachers, ii) to evaluate the products generated during the program, and iii) to measure the achievement of the main goals of ESPEM. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed the letters of intent submitted by the selected participants before the program began. During the program, we conducted participant observation. After the program, we conducted semi-structured individual interviews, and a focus group, and distributed questionnaires to the participants.
Prototype of landslide detection alarm based on IoT (Internet of Things) as a physics learning medium
Authors: Anisa Nabila Putri , Rahman Nor Farahwahida Binti Abdul , Saehana Sahrul
Published: April 2024

This research aims to create a prototype device in the form of an alarm capable of detecting landslide disasters in Donggala Regency. It is expected to be utilized in the environmental physics subject at the secondary school level. The study utilizes long-range communication (LoRa) and Telegram application as an early warning notification system for landslide disasters. The research method adopts the Research and Development (R&D) design adapted from Sugiyono's development research, consisting of potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, product testing, analysis, and reporting. The survey was employed as a data collection instrument. The quality or feasibility of the developed prototype, based on expert validation, indicates a "Very Good" category, and students' responses to the tool testing also show a "Very Good" category. Thus, the IoT-based landslide detection alarm prototype has been well-developed and is suitable for use in physics education at the secondary school level.
Forward Head Posture and its association with Tension Type Headache among the bankers of Hayatabad Peshawar: A cross sectional study
Authors: Khan Hafiz Yaseen , Tahir Areej , Andam Gul , Huma Naima , Saleem Zeeshan
Published: April 2024

Background: Forward Head Posture is termed as the abnormal forward positioning of the head in relation to shoulder. (1) Out of all postural abnormalities, FHP is one of the most ordinary type (2). In such a condition, abnormal postural alignment occurs showing increased extension of upper cervical region while in lower cervical and upper thoracic region increased flexion can be seen. (4)
Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of Forward Head Posture and its association with Tension Type Headache among the Bankers of Hayatabad, Peshawar.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in order to find association of Forward Head Posture with Tension Type Headache. 89 bankers were examined using photogrammetry method and Web plot digitizer online software for plotting the craniovertebral angle on digital image. A symptomatic questionnaire was also used for the assessment of Tension Type Headache.
 Results: Most of the participants had 92.1% Forward Head Posture. Majority rate i.e 12.4% had an age limit of about 26 years and also the mean age was about 34.4. Mean score of Tension Type Headache was 21.3%. Chi square test was done which showed no association of Forward Head Posture with Tension Type Headache.
Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that Forward Head Posture is quite common among the bankers but there is no association of Forward Head Posture with Tension Type Headache.
Evaluation of Hematological Parameters in Dengue Patients of Peshawar
Authors: Khanzada Abdul Wahab , Ejaz Daud , Ullah Noor
Published: April 2024

Background: Dengue fever is caused by a virus called Dengue virus. A positive sense RNA virus belongs to flaviviridae family having four serotypes. The word “Dengue” is derived from Swahilli language which means seizure-like cramps. Human-to-human transmission is through vector (Mosquito) Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue virus was discovered in 1779 in Batavia. Dengue fever is differentiated into Dengue Fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, and Dengue shock syndrome.
Material and Methods: Dengue-suspected patients were screened for Dengue virus. Among these 120 were found positive for dengue virus. All the patients were screened using the NS1 strip method. A complete blood count test was performed for all the dengue-positive patients for evaluation of hematological changes. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2020, and further analyzed through SPSS-22.
Results: Among the dengue suspected patients 120 were found positive for dengue virus infection. Out of 120 patients 76(63%) were male and 44(36%) were female. 68% of the patients were in the middle age group (16-40 years), 7.5% of patients were lower age group (1-15 years) and 24.1% of patients were in the old age group (41-70 years). CBC results showed variation in hematological parameters. 41% of patients were found with low platelet count while in 73% of patients, WBC count was decreased below the normal range. A small portion of the patients showed low hemoglobin levels. Neutrophil levels also decreased in more than 70% of patients. In a few cases, the hematocrit level was out of range.
Conclusion: The study was conducted for the evaluation of hematological changes that occurred in patients infected by dengue. According to our study on dengue viral infection, a total of 120 patients were included of which 76(63%) were males and 44(36%) were females. Male frequency was higher than females affected by dengue fever. The median age group in our study was most affected by dengue fever. Platelet counts were low in 41% of infected patients, WBC levels were decreased than normal ranges in 73% and neutrophil levels were also affected which shows similarities with previous studies.
Prevalence of Plantar fasciitis in academic physical therapists of KMU affiliated Institutes and clinical physical therapists in tertiary care hospitals: A cross sectional study
Authors: Khan Yaseen , Khan Ayesha , Iqbal Mahnoor , Shah Dawood , Ahmad Fawad
Published: April 2024

Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain affecting both academic and clinical physical therapists. Risk factors for developing PF are; prolong standing, BMI >40, age, gender and inappropriate footwear. Its symptoms particularly aggravates in the morning while taking few steps. In general, PF is a self-limiting condition because of it resolves quickly.
Aims: The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of plantar fasciitis and its association in academic and clinical physical therapists.
Methods: This was cross sectional study to explore association of plantar fasciitis between academic and clinical physical therapists. 197 physical therapists were examined for plantar fasciitis by PFPS tool for plantar fasciitis pain. Plantar fasciitis Pain Scale questionnaire was filled by physical therapists for checking plantar fasciitis pain in physical therapists.
Results: Individuals of mean age 25-28 were more prone to develop plantar fasciitis. Out of 197, 102 (53%)   females and 92 (47%) males were likely to develop plantar fasciitis.28.9% of people with plantar fasciitis felt pain at the bottom of the heel. According to our study; regarding the relation between academic PT's, clinical PT's and VAS, data was gathered from PT's in the institutes and hospitals. The results were analyzed using chi-square test. The results of chi-square test revealed that there is a strong positive correlation (p <0.05) between two variables (p = 0.00). When academic and clinical PT's were associated with VAS, for both the percentage of moderate pain was 58.9% as they are more exposed to weight bearing so, there are more chances of plantar fasciitis development.
Conclusion: Plantar fasciitis was mostly found among clinical physical therapists commonly affecting bottom sole area of the foot. Plantar fasciitis was positively associated with age, gender; however, PFPS was not associated with it.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Oral Hygiene Among Prison Inmates of Bannu Central Jail
Authors: Rehman Sadiq , Jan Saad Saud , Bibi Murrium , Uzma
Published: April 2024

Background: Oral hygiene is all about keeping our mouths, teeth, and gums clean and healthy to ward off oral health problems. The main aim is to prevent the buildup of plaque and tartar, which can lead to cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. Unfortunately, prisoners often face challenges in accessing dental care, leading to a higher prevalence of dental issues compared to the general population. This study aims to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral hygiene among inmates at Bannu Central Jail, highlighting the importance of oral health for everyone, regardless of their circumstances.
Material and Method: The study was conducted at Bannu Central Jail. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study selected with 384 sample size. Data was recruited from the prisoners of Bannu through the Convenience sampling technique study. Those who were not given data were excluded from the study.
Results: Among 384 prisoners 66.9% were unaware of dental issues, 63.8% had gum bleeding, 60.7% had tooth sensitivities, 60.2% had dental caries, 62.5% had gum problems, and 37.8% experienced tooth pain. Hygiene habits varied: 68.8% brushed daily, 65.1% used toothbrush and paste, and 34.9% used Miswak. Changed brush every 6 months (50.3%), and visited the dentist annually (45.1%).
Conclusion: The awareness related to oral health was found to be not good. Every prisoner is suffering from gum bleeding, sensitivities, gingivitis, Dental carries, etc. We should focus more on educating people about oral health care through health education programs in Bannu Central Jail.
Association of Anthropometric and Sociodemographic Factors with Portal Vein Diameter as Assessed by Ultrasonography: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ghazan Khan  , Nangyal Awais , Shahzeb Muhammad , Aziz Haseena , Kamal Rabia
Published: April 2024

Background: Portal vein is the vessel formed by the confluence of superior mesenteric artery and splenic vein. Its diameter varies with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors.
Objective: To determine association of the normal portal vein diameter with sociodemographic factors and anthropometric factors using ultrasonography.
Methodology: Three hundreds and eighty-five patients of both genders were randomly selected. The study participants were examined in radiology department of the Mardan Medical Complex by using ultrasonography technique to examine portal vein diameter, height was measured using tape, weight through weighing scale and BMI through SPSS.
Results: The mean portal vein diameter in the population of district Mardan was 10.41±1.65mm. Portal vein diameter of normal individuals had positive correlation with sociodemographic factors such as gender, age and anthropometric factors such height, weight and body mass index.
Conclusions: There was positive correlation between age, height, weight and BMI, correlation was statistically significant.
Development of Prosumer-consumer Energy Community Planning Tool and Methodology
Authors:   , Lazdiņš Roberts
Published: April 2024

The Doctoral Thesis is focused on developing a prosumer and consumer energy community planning tool and methodology under the proposed peer-to-peer business model. Its main objective is to effectively showcase their economic advantages in Latvia and motivate interest in electricity sharing, thereby making it applicable and useful to electricity users, legislators and policymakers. With the help of various case studies and scenario modelling, the Doctoral Thesis provides recommendations to improve the economic viability and feasibility of energy communities in Latvia.
Aktīvā lietotāja un galalietotāja energokopienas plānošanas rīka un metodoloģijas izstrāde
Authors:   , Lazdiņš Roberts
Published: April 2024

Promocijas darba gaitā izstrādāts aktīvā lietotāja un galalietotāja energokopienas plānošanas rīks un metodoloģija saskaņā ar piedāvāto savstarpējās tirdzniecības pieejās balstītu biznesa modeli. Darba galvenais mērķis ir demonstrēt energokopienu izveides ekonomiskās priekšrocības un rosināt interesi par elektroenerģijas kopīgošanu, tādējādi padarot to izmantojamu elektroenerģijas lietotājiem, likumdevējiem un politikas veidotājiem. Ar vairāku gadījumu izpētes un scenāriju modelēšanas palīdzību promocijas darbā sniegti ieteikumi, lai uzlabotu energokopienu izveides ekonomisko pamatojumu un ilgtspēju.
Syntactic characteristics of literary texts of the XIX century in the aspect of interlanguage translation
Authors: Bozhanova Kseniia Sergeevna
Published: April 2024

The subject of the study is to identify the syntactic characteristics that form the syntax features of the literary works of Russian literature of the XIX century. During the research, similarities and differences of syntactic units of the originals and translations of the novels "Anna Karenina" and "Poor People" were established, as well as the national specifics of their structural, grammatical and functional semantic organization were analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify the syntactic characteristics that form the syntax features of the literary works of Russian literature of the XIX century. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of the original novels by L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina" and F.M. Dostoevsky "Poor People" and their translations into English, made by K. Granett in 1901 and S.D. Hogarth in 1867, respectively, was carried out. The comparative method made it possible to establish similarities and differences of syntactic constructions in the originals of the novels "Anna Karenina", "Poor People" and their translations. The method of linguistic analysis makes it possible to identify syntactic constructions and linguistic units characteristic of literary texts of the XIX century. By means of the contextual analysis method, the dependence of the meaning of these units on the context is analyzed. Within the framework of the study, similarities and differences of syntactic units of originals and translations of the named literary texts were established, as well as the national specifics of their structural, grammatical and functional semantic organization were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to systematically describe syntactic features based on the texts of works of the XIX century written by different authors. The results and materials of the research can be used in the training of specialists in the field of translation, in teaching linguistic disciplines, as well as in the development of theoretical materials on the theory and practice of translation, intercultural communication, syntax, stylistics and linguoculturology. When comparing the originals and translations of novels, cases were identified when the emotional emphasis laid by the author is shifted or lost in the English-language text. One of the reasons is the discrepancy between the grammatical norms and structures of the Russian and English languages.
Narrative strategy of life story in the literature of Margaret Atwood
Authors: Naydenova Roksana Romanovna
Published: April 2024

The subject of the research in this article is the narrative strategy of life description in the work of Margaret Atwood. Margaret Atwood (b. 1939) is a well–known modern Canadian writer, poet, and literary critic. The work of M. Atwood is considered in three main directions: the search for Canadian identity in the works of M. Atwood; the women's question and theories of feminism in the works of M. Atwood and speculative (conceptual) fiction in the works of M. Atwood. It is these three areas that the largest number of scientific papers about the Canadian writer are devoted to. Based on the life and creative path of M. Atwood, these three highways are justified. But behind them, the basis of the writer's work is lost – the narrative structure, to the study of which M. Atwood devoted many of her literary works. Based on the best practices of foreign and domestic narrative researchers, as well as on the research of M. Atwood herself, in this article we describe how a multi-level narrative of biography unfolds in the writer's fiction, implying a division into narrative layers. Each narrative layer is responsible for a certain time: the past, the present and the timelessness. The relevance and novelty of this article lies in an attempt to describe the narratives of M. Atwood, in isolation from the three main paths, and highlight the features of the narrative of the biography, which is key to the author's works. Thanks to the strategy of biography, the Canadian writer explores the nature of human memory, thinking, and fantasy. By placing the main character, the narrator, at the center of the narrative, M. Atwood allows her characters to independently analyze their own actions, their past, which brings her characters closer to real people. The characters of the writer, like real people, have general ideas about how a story should be built, a story and use literary techniques in talking about themselves. But, gradually opening up, the characters are the narrators of M. Atwood turns to a frank conversation, discarding literary decorations. The approach to the work of M. Atwood from the point of view of narrative, narratology helps to open new facets in the work of the famous author, to emphasize and actualize many artistic features of M. Atwood's books. Atwood, who remain in the shadows with a cultural and ideological approach.
Mythological heroes, historical figures and characters of world literature in the works of Margaret Atwood
Authors: Naydenova Roksana Romanovna
Published: April 2024

The subject of the research in this article is Margaret Atwood's literary game, which includes work with myths, world history and literature. Margaret Atwood (b. 1939) is a well-known modern Canadian writer, poet, literary critic and critic. Her works include the novel The Handmaid's Tale (1985) and its sequel, The Testaments (2019), as well as the fantasy trilogy The Mindless Addam (2003-2013). No matter what M. Atwood writes about, her works are always a story, a complex and multilevel narrative, in the center of which stands the figure of the narrator. Having begun her literary activity in the heyday of postmodernism, M. Atwood combines many features of this trend in her work: literary play, rethinking archetypal images and traditions, deconstruction. Taking as a basis the achievements of foreign and domestic researchers of M. Atwood's work, as well as research in the field of literary studies by M. Atwood herself, we describe how M. Atwood studies, analyzes and recreates well–known patterns on a new basis – in Canadian literature. The main conclusions of the study are: 1) Being a representative of young Canadian literature without a well-formed cultural and literary layer, M. Atwood borrows from the global literary tradition, as well as mythology and folklore, heroes and images that she seeks to "instill" on new Canadian soil. 2) M. Atwood's deconstruction is not the destruction, analysis of an established tradition, but, on the contrary, an attempt to create it through appropriation and assimilation of other people's traditions. 3) M. Atwood, as a rule, takes ancient Greek and European myths and fairy tales as a basis. 4) Working with the characters of wandering plots and textbook works (Shakespeare), M. Atwood often resorts to overturning the established idea of characters, creating doppelgangers and "werewolves".
Castigo e (in)sensibilidad en la frontera securitaria
Authors: Mendiola Ignacio
Published: April 2024

This article expands on David Garland’s proposal that punitive practices are influenced by logics of (in)sensitivity, shaping how punishment is conceived and applied. It argues that (in)sensitivity is not a mere peripheral aspect of punishment but a central element thereof. Drawing from this premise, the article elucidates the most prominent features of Garland’s proposition, highlighting the conceptual framework it builds upon. Based on this foundation, the discussion branches into two closely related directions. Firstly, it analytically explores Garland’s contribution, explicating the depth underlying notions of meaning and sensitivity; a development that will underscore the significance of corporeality in fully understanding the imposition of punishment. Secondly, this analysis will be projected onto the context of the current discursive hegemony of security and, more specifically, in the specific manner it manifests in the regulation of migrant mobility. The undeniable preeminence of securitized borders will thus become the fundamental space of analysis to project Garland’s proposal regarding an underlying (in)sensitivity permeating the imposition of punishment. Within this context, it asserts that migrant bodies crossing the border endure punishment, yet their suffering lacks empathy within the security discourse.
Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion model
Authors: Yaghmaeian Salmani Behzad , Lahti Laura , Gillberg Linda , Jacobsen Jesper Kjaer , Mantas Ioannis , Svenningsson Per , Perlmann Thomas
Published: April 2024

Midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons comprise diverse cells with unique innervation targets and functions. This is illustrated by the selective sensitivity of mDA neurons of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson’s disease, while those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared. Here, we used single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of approximately 70,000 mouse midbrain cells to build a high-resolution atlas of mouse mDA neuron diversity at the molecular level. The results showed that differences between mDA neuron groups could best be understood as a continuum without sharp differences between subtypes. Thus, we assigned mDA neurons to several ‘territories’ and ‘neighborhoods’ within a shifting gene expression landscape where boundaries are gradual rather than discrete. Based on the enriched gene expression patterns of these territories and neighborhoods, we were able to localize them in the adult mouse midbrain. Moreover, because the underlying mechanisms for the variable sensitivities of diverse mDA neurons to pathological insults are not well understood, we analyzed surviving neurons after partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to unravel gene expression patterns that correlate with mDA neuron vulnerability and resilience. Together, this atlas provides a basis for further studies on the neurophysiological role of mDA neurons in health and disease.
The BTB-ZF gene Bm-mamo regulates pigmentation in silkworm caterpillars
Authors: Wu Songyuan , Tong Xiaoling , Peng Chenxing , Luo Jiangwen , Zhang Chenghao , Lu Kunpeng , Li Chunlin , Ding Xin , Duan Xiaohui , Lu Yaru , Hu Hai , Tan Duan , Dai Fangyin
Published: April 2024

The color pattern of insects is one of the most diverse adaptive evolutionary phenotypes. However, the molecular regulation of this color pattern is not fully understood. In this study, we found that the transcription factor Bm-mamo is responsible for black dilute (bd) allele mutations in the silkworm. Bm-mamo belongs to the BTB zinc finger family and is orthologous to mamo in Drosophila melanogaster. This gene has a conserved function in gamete production in Drosophila and silkworms and has evolved a pleiotropic function in the regulation of color patterns in caterpillars. Using RNAi and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology, we showed that Bm-mamo is a repressor of dark melanin patterns in the larval epidermis. Using in vitro binding assays and gene expression profiling in wild-type and mutant larvae, we also showed that Bm-mamo likely regulates the expression of related pigment synthesis and cuticular protein genes in a coordinated manner to mediate its role in color pattern formation. This mechanism is consistent with the dual role of this transcription factor in regulating both the structure and shape of the cuticle and the pigments that are embedded within it. This study provides new insight into the regulation of color patterns as well as into the construction of more complex epidermal features in some insects.
The molecular basis of Abelson kinase regulation by its αI-helix
Authors: Paladini Johannes , Maier Annalena , Habazettl Judith Maria , Hertel Ines , Sonti Rajesh , Grzesiek Stephan
Published: April 2024

Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) is regulated by the arrangement of its regulatory core, consisting sequentially of the SH3, SH2, and kinase (KD) domains, where an assembled or disassembled core corresponds to low or high kinase activity, respectively. It was recently established that binding of type II ATP site inhibitors, such as imatinib, generates a force from the KD N-lobe onto the SH3 domain and in consequence disassembles the core. Here, we demonstrate that the C-terminal αI-helix exerts an additional force toward the SH2 domain, which correlates both with kinase activity and type II inhibitor-induced disassembly. The αI-helix mutation E528K, which is responsible for the ABL1 malformation syndrome, strongly activates Abl by breaking a salt bridge with the KD C-lobe and thereby increasing the force onto the SH2 domain. In contrast, the allosteric inhibitor asciminib strongly reduces Abl’s activity by fixating the αI-helix and reducing the force onto the SH2 domain. These observations are explained by a simple mechanical model of Abl activation involving forces from the KD N-lobe and the αI-helix onto the KD/SH2SH3 interface.
Altered firing output of VIP interneurons and early dysfunctions in CA1 hippocampal circuits in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Michaud Felix , Francavilla Ruggiero , Topolnik Dimitry , Iloun Parisa , Tamboli Suhel , Calon Frederic , Topolnik Lisa
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) leads to progressive memory decline, and alterations in hippocampal function are among the earliest pathological features observed in human and animal studies. GABAergic interneurons (INs) within the hippocampus coordinate network activity, among which type 3 interneuron-specific (I-S3) cells expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calretinin play a crucial role. These cells provide primarily disinhibition to principal excitatory cells (PCs) in the hippocampal CA1 region, regulating incoming inputs and memory formation. However, it remains unclear whether AD pathology induces changes in the activity of I-S3 cells, impacting the hippocampal network motifs. Here, using young adult 3xTg-AD mice, we found that while the density and morphology of I-S3 cells remain unaffected, there were significant changes in their firing output. Specifically, I-S3 cells displayed elongated action potentials and decreased firing rates, which was associated with a reduced inhibition of CA1 INs and their higher recruitment during spatial decision-making and object exploration tasks. Furthermore, the activation of CA1 PCs was also impacted, signifying early disruptions in CA1 network functionality. These findings suggest that altered firing patterns of I-S3 cells might initiate early-stage dysfunction in hippocampal CA1 circuits, potentially influencing the progression of AD pathology.