bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Analysis of the Prognostic Factors and Adverse Events in the Treatment of Mucosal Melanoma in a Single Centre
Authors: Wesener Lambert , Hagelstein Victoria , Terheyden Patrick , Langan Ewan A.
Published: August 2024

Background: Despite the dramatic advances in the management of metastatic cutaneous melanoma, there remains no consensus-based, evidence-based strategy for the management of mucosal melanoma. The rare nature of the disease, its late clinical presentation, and distinct tumour biology all complicate efforts to optimise patient outcomes. Methods: To this end, we carried out a monocentric, retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with mucosal melanoma and treated between 2013 and 2021. Both tumour- and patient-specific characteristics were recorded, in addition to immune-related adverse events, in order to provide real-world data on disease progression, treatment efficacy, and the identification of prognostic markers. Results: A total of 20 patients were identified (14 females and 6 males), with a mean age at diagnosis of 65.9 years. The median follow-up was 3.9 years (95% CI 1.4–6.4 years) from the initiation of systemic therapy. The median OS in the entire cohort was 1.9 years (95% CI 0.5–3.3 years). Performance status, sex, body mass index, and the presence of brain metastases were not associated with poorer outcomes. However, serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) (p = 0.04) and an NRAS mutation were markers of a poor prognosis (p = 0.004). Conclusuion: There is a pressing need for real-world, prospective, and clinical trial data to inform the optimal management of mucosal melanoma, and data supporting the use of adjuvant and neo-adjuvant immunotherapy are currently lacking. However, an elevated LDH is a reliable, independent negative prognostic marker. Inter-disciplinary management remains essential in order to develop optimal treatment strategies.
Underwater Image Enhancement Fusion Method Guided by Salient Region Detection
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Huang Hongwu , Lin Fanchao , Gao Xiujing , Jin Junjie , Zhang Biwen
Published: August 2024

Exploring and monitoring underwater environments pose unique challenges due to water’s complex optical properties, which significantly impact image quality. Challenges like light absorption and scattering result in color distortion and decreased visibility. Traditional underwater image acquisition methods face these obstacles, highlighting the need for advanced techniques to solve the image color shift and image detail loss caused by the underwater environment in the image enhancement process. This study proposes a salient region-guided underwater image enhancement fusion method to alleviate these problems. First, this study proposes an advanced dark channel prior method to reduce haze effects in underwater images, significantly improving visibility and detail. Subsequently, a comprehensive RGB color correction restores the underwater scene’s natural appearance. The innovation of our method is that it fuses through a combination of Laplacian and Gaussian pyramids, guided by salient region coefficients, thus preserving and accentuating the visually significant elements of the underwater environment. Comprehensive subjective and objective evaluations demonstrate our method’s superior performance in enhancing contrast, color depth, and overall visual quality compared to existing methods.
Numerical Study and Optimization of Speed Control Unit for Submarine Natural Gas Pipeline Pig
Authors: Su Yuming , Yang Lijian , Geng Hao , Huang Ping , Zheng Fuyin , Zheng Wenxue , Gao Pengfei
Published: August 2024

The speed control of a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) directly affects the quality of the comprehensive inspection of submarine pipelines. However, the mechanism of the gas flow behavior in a pipeline under the influence of a pig speed control valve is not well understood. In this study, the driving differential pressure of a pig was modeled based on the building block method and numerical simulations. For the first time, the influence of the pressure and flow rate of the gas in a pipeline on the torque of the speed control valve opening process was studied. The results show that when the opening angle of the speed control valve increased from 4.5° to 22°, the gas differential pressure reduced from 1325 to 73 kPa, realizing a 94.5% pressure reduction. In addition, the torque of the bypass valve increased from 7.7 to 2470 Nm during the closing process. The pressure and flow rate increases were directly correlated with increased torque. The established experimental system for torque measurement confirmed the numerical analysis results. By clarifying the law of torque variation, this study provides theoretical guidance for the structural design and control scheme of a pig speed control unit.
Comparative Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Diaporthe longicolla (syn. Phomopsis longicolla) Isolates Causing Phomopsis Seed Decay in Soybean
Authors: Li Shuxian , Hu Xiaojun , Song Qijian
Published: August 2024

Diaporthe longicolla (syn. Phomopsis longicolla) is an important seed-borne fungal pathogen and the primary cause of Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) in soybean. PSD is one of the most devastating seed diseases, reducing soybean seed quality and yield worldwide. As part of a genome sequencing project on the fungal Diaporthe–Phomopsis complex, draft genomes of eight D. longicolla isolates were sequenced and assembled. Sequences of mitochondrial genomes were extracted and analyzed. The circular mitochondrial genomes ranged from 52,534 bp to 58,280 bp long, with a mean GC content of 34%. A total of 14 core protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes were identified. Introns were detected in the genes of atp6, cob, cox1, cox2, cox3, nad1, nad2, nad5, and rnl. Three isolates (PL7, PL10, and PL185E) had more introns than other isolates. Approximately 6.4% of the mitochondrial genomes consist of repetitive elements. Moreover, 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and were identified. The mitochondrial genome sequences of D. longicolla will be useful to further study the molecular basis of seed-borne pathogens causing seed diseases, investigate genetic variation among isolates, and develop improved control strategies for Phomopsis seed decay of soybean.
A Structural Equation Model on Critical Risk and Success in Public–Private Partnership: Exploratory Study
Authors: Fathi Medya
Published: August 2024

In construction, risk is inherent in each project, and success involves meeting defined objectives beyond budget and schedule. Factors vary for infrastructure projects, and their correlation with performance must be studied. In the case of public–private partnership (PPP) transportation, the level of complexity is higher due to more involved parties. Risks and success factors in PPP projects affect each other, which may lead to project failure. Recognizing the critical risk factors (CRFs) and critical success factors (CSFs) is indispensable to ensure the success of PPP infrastructure project implementation. However, the existing research on the PPP risk and success relationship has not gone into sufficient detail, and more support to address the existing gaps in the body of knowledge and literature is necessary. Therefore, in response to the missing area in the public–private partnership transportation industry, this paper analyzed the correlation between PPP risks and success factors. It identified, explored, and categorized various risk and success factors by combining a literature review, expert panel interviews, and a questionnaire survey among both the public and private sectors, a win–win principle. The data collected were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach and relative significance. Results show the relationship between risk and success factors, their influence on PPPs, and the most important factors, known as CRFs and CSFs, with high loading factors (LF > 0.5) and high relative importance (NMS > 0.5). The top five CRFs include “Contract quality (incomplete, conflicting)”, “Staff expertise and experience”, “Financial market risk”, “Conflicting objectives and expectations”, and “Inefficient feasibility study”. The top five CSFs were found as “Appropriate risk allocation and risk-sharing”, “Strong financial capacity and capability of the private sector”, “Government providing guarantees”, “Employment of professional advisors”, and “Realistic assessment of the cost and benefits”. This study advances the understanding of risk and success factors in PPPs and contributes to the theoretical foundations, which will benefit not only public management, policy consultants, and investors but also academics interested in studying PPP transportation projects.
Impacts of Vegetation Ratio, Street Orientation, and Aspect Ratio on Thermal Comfort and Building Carbon Emissions in Cold Zones: A Case Study of Tianjin
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Tian , Yu Yang , Wang Liuying , Zang Huiyi , Cang Yun , Zhang Ya’ou , Ma Xiaowen
Published: August 2024

This research highlights that street layouts, including the vegetation ratio, street orientation, and aspect ratio, are key in diminishing urban heat islands (UHIs), building energy use, and carbon emissions. The optimal street layout for minimal building energy consumption, carbon emissions, and maximal outdoor thermal comfort in Tianjin was established via field measurements, ENVI-met 5.6.1, Energy Plus simulations, and correlation analysis. The findings indicate the following: (1) The carbon emissions of winter residential heating energy consumption are 2.9–3.2 times higher than those for summer cooling. Urban design should thus prioritize winter energy efficiency and summer thermal comfort outdoors. (2) The summer street PET (physiological equivalent temperature) inversely correlates with the vegetation ratio and aspect ratio. Winter heating energy use inversely correlates with the street orientation and directly correlates with the aspect ratio. Adequate vegetation and proper orientation can decrease energy and carbon output while enhancing summer outdoor comfort. (3) Streets with an NW–SE orientation, H/W = 0.9, and 50% trees in summer yield the best thermal comfort, while those with an NE–SW orientation, H/W = 0.3, and 50% vegetative trees in winter produce the lowest carbon emissions. These insights are instrumental in refining urban streets and building designs in cold zones.
The Design and Analysis of the Fabrication of Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Structures and Their Performance Applications from a Bionic Perspective
Authors: Zheng Haohua , Liu Jiawei , Qiu Yake
Published: August 2024

This paper comprehensively discusses the fabrication of bionic-based ultrafast laser micro–nano-multiscale surface structures and their performance analysis. It explores the functionality of biological surface structures and the high adaptability achieved through optimized self-organized biomaterials with multilayered structures. This study details the applications of ultrafast laser technology in biomimetic designs, particularly in preparing high-precision, wear-resistant, hydrophobic, and antireflective micro- and nanostructures on metal surfaces. Advances in the fabrications of laser surface structures are analyzed, comparing top-down and bottom-up processing methods and femtosecond laser direct writing. This research investigates selective absorption properties of surface structures at different scales for various light wavelengths, achieving coloring or stealth effects. Applications in dirt-resistant, self-cleaning, biomimetic optical, friction-resistant, and biocompatible surfaces are presented, demonstrating potential in biomedical care, water-vapor harvesting, and droplet manipulation. This paper concludes by highlighting research frontiers, theoretical and technological challenges, and the high-precision capabilities of femtosecond laser technology in related fields.
Research on Pressure Characteristics of Two-Speed Buffer Valve Pushing System
Authors: Kou Ziming , Zhang Lin , Zhang Buwen
Published: August 2024

The positioning control of the hydraulic support pushing system in the fully mechanized mining face is the key technical support to realize intelligent mining. The opening and closing of the existing support switch reversing valve will cause a sudden change in the system pressure and flow under the conditions of high pressure and large flow, which will affect the life of the components, the precision, and stability of the actuator movement. To solve the problem, the structure of a two-speed buffer valve for the hydraulic support pushing circuit is designed. Firstly, the pushing system is analyzed theoretically, and the characteristics of the flow field in the valve and the applicable working conditions are simulated. Then, an experimental platform was built to test the improvement effect of the two-speed buffer valve on the characteristics of the pushing system. Finally, the pressure, flow, and positioning characteristics of the two-valve series pushing system under different flow rates are studied by the test results. The research results show that when the two-speed buffer valve is used, the pressure and velocity change thresholds of the system are reduced, which reduces the pressure fluctuation in front of the valve and its effect on the system pressure. At the same time, under a different system flow, the downstream pressure characteristics of the valve are improved, and the steady-state pressure anti-interference is enhanced. The positioning error of the system is reduced under different flow rates. The effectiveness of the scheme is verified by the test, which provides a basis for the optimization of the downhole valve control cylinder scheme and the subsequent valve.
Network-Centric Formation Control and Ad Hoc Communication with Localisation Analysis in Multi-UAV Systems
Authors: Devey Jack , Gill Palvir Singh , Allen George , Shahra Essa , Idrissi Moad
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the cost-effectiveness and versatility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have led to their widespread adoption in both military and civilian applications, particularly for operations in remote or hazardous environments where human intervention is impractical. The use of multi-agent UAV systems has notably increased for complex tasks such as surveying and monitoring, driving extensive research and development in control, communication, and coordination technologies. Evaluating and analysing these systems under dynamic flight conditions present significant challenges. This paper introduces a mathematical model for leader–follower structured Quadrotor UAVs that encapsulates their dynamic behaviour, incorporating a novel multi-agent ad hoc coordination network simulated via COOJA. Simulation results with a pipeline surveillance case study demonstrate the efficacy of the coordination network and show that the system offers various improvements over contemporary pipeline surveillance approaches.
Analysis of the Influence of Nozzle Structure of Dry Powder Fire Extinguishing System on Supersonic Jet Characteristics
Authors: Ge Hongen , Zhao Peng , Zhu Cong , Zhang Xin , Liu Yuqi
Published: August 2024

The nozzle, as a critical jet component in dry powder fire extinguishing systems, significantly affects jet characteristics through its geometric configuration. To explore the influence of structural parameters on ultrafine dry powder gas-solid two-phase jet characteristics, a bidirectional coupled numerical model based on the SST k-ω turbulence model and the Discrete Phase Model is employed. This study examines how variations in the semi-expansion angle (α) and semi-contraction angle (β) of the nozzle affect compressible gas flow behavior and particle distribution trajectories through a combination of simulations and experiments. The results indicate that when α = 2°, the gas jet is in an under-expanded state, leading to increased particle dispersion due to the stripping effect of the surrounding high-speed airflow. Within the range of x = 0–180 mm, the dry powder exhibits a diffusion trend. When α = 4.5°, the gas jet core region is the longest, providing optimal particle acceleration. Under constant inlet pressure, reducing α enhances particle collimation. The reduction of α alters the gas jet state, with α = 2° showing better powder diffusion compared to α = 6°. However, an excessively small α is detrimental to increasing the range of dry powder. With consistent structural parameters, the diffusion and range of dry powder remain the same across different β values, and variations in β have a relatively minor impact on supersonic jet characteristics. These findings offer theoretical guidance for optimizing and improving nozzles in ultrafine dry powder fire extinguishing systems.
Iris setosa Pall. ex Link Extract Reveals Amoebicidal Activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga with Low Toxicity to Human Corneal Cells
Authors: Lê Hương Giang , Hwang Buyng Su , Choi Ji-Su , Jeong Yong Tae , Kang Jung-Mi , Võ Tuấn Cường , Oh Young Taek , Na Byoung-Kuk
Published: August 2024

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening and difficult-to-treat ocular infection. The significant side effects of current AK treatments highlight the urgent need to develop a safe and effective AK medication. In this study, the amoebicidal activity of Iris setosa Pall. ex Link extract (ISE) against Acanthamoeba was examined and its specific amoebicidal mechanism was explored. ISE induced significant morphological changes in Acanthamoeba trophozoites and exhibited amoebicidal activity against A. castellanii and A. polyphaga. ISE was further fractionated into five subfractions by sequential extraction with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, and their amoebicidal activities and underlying amoebicidal mechanisms were investigated. The n-butanol subfraction of ISE (ISE-BuOH) displayed selective amoebicidal activity against the Acanthamoeba species with minimal cytotoxicity in human corneal cells (HCE-2). ISE-BuOH triggered apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) in amoebae, characterized by DNA fragmentation, increased ROS production, and caspase-3 activity elevation. ISE-BuOH also demonstrated a partial cysticidal effect against the amoeba species. ISE-BuOH could be a promising candidate in the development of therapeutic drugs for AK.
Two-Stage Screening of Metschnikowia spp. Bioprotective Properties: From Grape Juice to Fermented Must by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Aragno Julie , Fernandez-Valle Pascale , Thiriet Angèle , Grondin Cécile , Legras Jean-Luc , Camarasa Carole , Bloem Audrey
Published: August 2024

Gluconobacter oxydans (Go) and Brettanomyces bruxellensis (Bb) are detrimental micro-organisms compromising wine quality through the production of acetic acid and undesirable aromas. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts, like Metschnikowia species, offer a bioprotective approach to control spoilage micro-organisms growth. Antagonist effects of forty-six Metschnikowia strains in a co-culture with Go or Bb in commercial grape juice were assessed. Three profiles were observed against Go: no effect, complete growth inhibition, and intermediate bioprotection. In contrast, Metschnikowia strains exhibited two profiles against Bb: no effect and moderate inhibition. These findings indicate a stronger antagonistic capacity against Go compared to Bb. Four promising Metschnikowia strains were selected and their bioprotective impact was investigated at lower temperatures in Chardonnay must. The antagonistic effect against Go was stronger at 16 °C compared to 20 °C, while no significant impact on Bb growth was observed. The bioprotection impact on Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation has been assessed. Metschnikowia strains’ presence did not affect the fermentation time, but lowered the fermentation rate of S. cerevisiae. An analysis of central carbon metabolism and volatile organic compounds revealed a strain-dependent enhancement in the production of metabolites, including glycerol, acetate esters, medium-chain fatty acids, and ethyl esters. These findings suggest Metschnikowia species’ potential for bioprotection in winemaking and wine quality through targeted strain selection.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Emerging Viral Zoonoses, Second Edition”
Authors: Prpić Jelena
Published: August 2024

The “One World–One Health” framework has underscored the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration in understanding and combating emerging viral zoonoses [...]
Effects of Wildfire on Soil CO2 Emission and Bacterial Community in Plantations
Authors: Yang Yu , Liu Xuehui , Huang Shilin , Jia Jinchen , Wang Chuangye , Hu Lening , Li Ke , Deng Hua
Published: August 2024

In order to study the effects of wildfires on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and microbial communities in planted forests, Pinus massoniana Lamb. and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. forests were selected as the research subjects. Through a culture test with 60 days of indoor constant temperature, the soil physical and chemical properties, organic carbon mineralization, organic carbon components, enzyme activity, and microbial community structure changes of the two plantations after fire were analyzed. The results showed that wildfires significantly reduced soil CO2 emissions from the Pinus massoniana forests and Cunninghamia lanceolata forests by 270.67 mg·kg−1 and 470.40 mg·kg−1, respectively, with Cunninghamia lanceolata forests exhibiting the greatest reduction in soil CO2 emissions compared to unburned soils. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the abundance of soil Proteobacteria in the Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata forests decreased by 6.00% and 4.55%, respectively, after wildfires. Additionally, redundancy analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between Proteobacteria and soil CO2 emissions, suggesting that the decrease in Proteobacteria may inhibit soil CO2 emissions. The Cunninghamia lanceolata forests exhibited a significant increase in soil available nutrients and inhibition of enzyme activities after the wildfire. Additionally, soil CO2 emissions decreased more, indicating a stronger adaptive capacity to environmental changes following the wildfire. In summary, wildfire in the Cunninghamia lanceolata forests led to the most pronounced reduction in soil CO2 emissions, thereby mitigating soil carbon emissions in the region.
Petrogenesis of Carboniferous-Permian Granitoids in the Kumishi Area of Tianshan, China: Insights into the Geodynamic Evolution Triggered by Subduction and Closure of the South Tianshan Ocean
Authors: Kang Wenbin , Weng Kai , Cao Kai , Zhao Xiaojian , Gao Yongwei
Published: August 2024

Late Carboniferous–Early Permian granitoids are widespread in the Tianshan area and their tectonic setting is controversially discussed. Our research presents fresh whole-rock geochemical and Pb isotopic data, along with zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic data for representative monzonitic and granitic intrusions in the Kumishi area. The aim is to decipher their magma sources and illuminate their geodynamic evolution. Zircon U-Pb dating results reveal that biotite monzonites in the Central Tianshan Belt were emplaced at 312.7 ± 2.9 Ma, while the quartz-monzonites and syenogranites in the South Tianshan Belt were formed at 284.5 ± 2.4 Ma and 283.4 ± 3.9 Ma, respectively. The biotite monzonites generally exhibit metaluminous and high-K calc-alkaline characteristics. They have a positive εHf(t) value (+4.9–+14.1), and are enriched in LREEs and LILEs but depleted in HREEs and HFSEs. These characteristics indicate that they were derived from a mixed magma source of the lower crust and the input of components derived from the mantle wedge above the subduction zone. The quartz-monzonites and syenogranites are high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic I-type granites, with εHf(t) values of +14.9–+15.5 and +6.6–+14.9, respectively. They are enriched in LREEs but depleted in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti), displaying relatively flat HREE patterns and negative Eu anomalies. The genesis of these rocks is attributed to a partial melting of the lower crust in which mantle-derived magmas participated, which was triggered by an upwelling asthenosphere in a post-collisional extensional geodynamic setting. These granitoids, together with regional analysis of other magmatism in the study area, suggest that the Kumishi area has experienced an evolution from subduction to post-collision from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian, which constrains the local closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
Interventional Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Zea mays L. Plants When Compensating Irrigation Using Saline Water
Authors: Ahmed Mostafa , Marrez Diaa Attia , Rizk Roquia , Abdul-Hamid Donia , Tóth Zoltán , Decsi Kincső
Published: August 2024

High salinity reduces agriculture production and quality, negatively affecting the global economy. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) enhance plant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. This study investigated the effects of 2 g/L foliar Zinc oxide NPs on Zea mays L. plants to ameliorate 150 mM NaCl-induced salt stress. After precipitation, ZnO-NPs were examined by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and particle size distribution. This study examined plant height, stem diameter (width), area of leaves, chlorophyll levels, hydrolyzable sugars, free amino acids, protein, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. Gas chromatographic analysis quantified long-chain fatty acids, and following harvest, leaves, stalks, cobs, seeds, and seeds per row were weighed. The leaves’ acid and neutral detergent fibers were measured along with the seeds’ starch, fat, and protein. Plant growth and chlorophyll concentration decreased under salt stress. All treatments showed significant changes in maize plant growth and development after applying zinc oxide NPs. ZnO-NPs increased chlorophyll and lowered stress. ZnO-NPs enhanced the ability of maize plants to withstand the adverse conditions of saline soils or low-quality irrigation water. This field study investigated the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on maize plant leaves when saline water is utilized for growth season water. This study also examined how this foliar treatment affected plant biochemistry, morphology, fatty acid synthesis, and crop production when NaCl is present and when it is not.
Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa in Spanish Middle-Aged Adults: Links to Sociodemographic Factors, Diet, and Lifestyle
Authors: Sandri Elena , Cantín Larumbe Eva , Cerdá Olmedo Germán , Luciani Gaia , Mancin Stefano , Sguanci Marco , Piredda Michela
Published: August 2024

Aim: This study examines the prevalence of eating disorders, particularly anorexia and bulimia nervosa, among middle-aged Spaniards, noting their rising incidence in men as well as women. It explores how these disorders relate to sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2020 to November 2021 via online platforms. Participants were Spanish nationals aged 31–50 years residing in Spain. Results: Out of 9913 respondents, 96.66% reported no diagnosed eating disorders, while 3.34% reported one or more (0.36% anorexia nervosa; 0.53% bulimia nervosa; 1.97% other eating disorders; 0.48% multiple disorders). Concerns about body image and lack of control over food intake were reported by 50% and 28%, respectively, suggesting potential undiagnosed disorders. Significant BMI differences were noted between healthy individuals and those with anorexia or bulimia. Conclusions: Anorexia and bulimia affect both adolescents and middle-aged individuals, challenging existing stereotypes. The high prevalence of undiagnosed eating disorder behaviors highlights the need for early detection. To address these issues in Spain, targeted awareness programs are essential to reduce stigma and improve service access through clinical, social, and political collaboration.
From Garden to Pillow: Understanding the Relationship between Plant-Based Nutrition and Quality of Sleep
Authors: Arslan Neslihan , Bozkır Eda , Koçak Tevfik , Akin Meleksen , Yilmaz Birsen
Published: August 2024

The effect of diet on sleep quality has been addressed in many studies; however, whether/how plant-based diets (PBDs) impact sleep-related parameters has not been explored in detail. This review aims to give an overview of the components of PBDs and the possible mechanisms through which PBDs may improve sleep quality. Studies have indicated that diets such as PBDs, which are typically high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and fiber, are associated with better sleep outcomes, including less fragmented sleep and improved sleep duration. Several mechanisms may explain how PBDs impact and/or improve sleep outcomes. Firstly, PBDs are characteristically rich in certain nutrients, such as magnesium and vitamin B6, which have been associated with improved sleep patterns. Secondly, PBDs are often lower in saturated fats and higher in fiber, which may contribute to better overall health, including sleep quality. Additionally, plant bioactive compounds like phytochemicals and antioxidants in fruits, vegetables, and herbs may have sleep-promoting effects. According to available data, PBD and Mediterranean diet elements promise to enhance sleep quality; however, it is crucial to note that diets should be customized based on each person’s needs.
Hypertension-Related Status and Influencing Factors among Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 6~17 Years: Data from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017)
Authors: Yang Yuxiang , Li Yuge , Yuan Hongtao , Tang Zengxu , Chen Mulei , Cai Shuya , Piao Wei , Nan Jing , Li Fusheng , Yu Dongmei , Gao Xiang
Published: August 2024

Hypertension is currently highly prevalent worldwide and serves as one of the significant risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality. Adult hypertension can be traced back to, as well as prevented starting in, childhood and adolescence. However, due to the lack of surveillance among children and adolescents, the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension-related conditions have not been well described. Hence, a total of 67,947 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017) were enrolled to describe the weighted average blood pressure level and the weighted prevalence of hypertension, pre-hypertension, and their distribution and to analyze the risk factors for hypertension and pre-hypertension among Chinese children and adolescents at a nationwide level. In summary, the weighted mean values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 111.8 (95% CI, 111.2–112.5) mmHg and 66.5 (95% CI, 66.0–67.0) mmHg, respectively. The weighted prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 24.9% and 17.1%, respectively. Moreover, general obesity, overweight, and central obesity served as risk factors for hypertension and pre-hypertension among Chinese children and adolescents. The current study indicated that the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents was at a high level. Moreover, blood pressure screening should be further intensified for children and adolescents at a high risk of being overweight or obese.
Metabolic Profile of Calcium Oxalate Stone Patients with Enteric Hyperoxaluria and Impact of Dietary Intervention
Authors: Siener Roswitha , Ernsten Charlotte , Welchowski Thomas , Hesse Albrecht
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the risk profile and the impact of dietary intervention in calcium oxalate stone formers with enteric hyperoxaluria under controlled, standardized conditions. Thirty-seven patients were included in the study. Dietary and 24-h urinary parameters were obtained on the self-selected diet and a balanced, standardized diet. Tests for [13C2]oxalate absorption, calcium- and ammonium chloride-loading were performed. Mean [13C2]oxalate absorption was 18.8%. A significant positive association was observed between urinary oxalate excretion and intestinal oxalate absorption. In addition, urinary oxalate excretion was significantly correlated with dietary oxalate intake. Mean urinary oxalate excretion decreased from 0.841 mmol/24 h on the usual diet to 0.662 mmol/24 h on the balanced diet, corresponding to a reduction of 21.3%. Besides hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria were the most common urinary abnormalities at baseline, being present in 83.8% and 81.1% of patients, respectively. Urinary citrate increased by 50.9% and magnesium excretion increased by 25.2% on the balanced diet. As a result, the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate declined significantly (by 36.2%) on the balanced diet. Since 41% of patients on the balanced diet still had a urine volume of less than 2.0 L/24 h, efforts should be made to increase urine volume by increasing fluid intake and reducing intestinal fluid losses. Dietary intervention proved to be effective in reducing urinary oxalate excretion and should be a cornerstone of the treatment of patients with enteric hyperoxaluria.
Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic Constituents from Drynariae Rhizoma
Authors: Ahn Jin Sung , Lee Chung Hyeon , Liu Xiang-Qian , Hwang Kwang Woo , Oh Mi Hyune , Park So-Young , Whang Wan Kyunn
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to provide scientific data on the anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) effects of phenolic compounds from Drynariae Rhizoma (DR) extract using a multi-component approach. Screening of DR extracts, fractions, and the ten phenolic compounds isolated from DR against the key AD-related enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) confirmed their significant inhibitory activities. The DR extract was confirmed to have BACE1-inhibitory activity, and the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were found to inhibit all AD-related enzymes, including BACE1, AChE, BChE, and MAO-B. Among the isolated phenolic compounds, compounds (2) caffeic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (6) kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside 7-O-glucoside, (7) kaempferol 3-o-b-d-glucopyranoside-7-o-a-L-arabinofuranoside, (8) neoeriocitrin, (9) naringin, and (10) hesperidin significantly suppressed AD-related enzymes. Notably, compounds 2 and 8 reduced soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein β (sAPPβ) and β-secretase expression by over 45% at a concentration of 1.0 μM. In the thioflavin T assay, compounds 6 and 7 decreased Aβ aggregation by approximately 40% and 80%, respectively, and degraded preformed Aβ aggregates. This study provides robust evidence regarding the potential of DR as a natural therapeutic agent for AD, highlighting specific compounds that may contribute to its efficacy.
Inhaled Ivermectin-Loaded Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles: Development and Characterization
Authors: Kassaee Seyedeh Negin , Ayoko Godwin A. , Richard Derek , Wang Tony , Islam Nazrul
Published: August 2024

Ivermectin (IVM), a drug originally used for treating parasitic infections, is being explored for its potential applications in cancer therapy. Despite the promising anti-cancer effects of IVM, its low water solubility limits its bioavailability and, consequently, its biological efficacy as an oral formulation. To overcome this challenge, our research focused on developing IVM-loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) designed for potential pulmonary administration. IVM-loaded LPHNPs were developed using the emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized in terms of particle size, morphology, entrapment efficiency, and release pattern. Solid phase characterization was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Using a Twin stage impinger (TSI) attached to a device, aerosolization properties of the developed LPHNPs were studied at a flow rate of 60 L/min, and IVM was determined by a validated HPLC method. IVM-loaded LPHNPs demonstrated spherical-shaped particles between 302 and 350 nm. Developed formulations showed an entrapment efficiency between 68 and 80% and a sustained 50 to 60% IVM release pattern within 96 h. Carr’s index (CI), Hausner ratio (HR), and angle of repose (θ) indicated proper flowability of the fabricated LPHNPs. The in vitro aerosolization analysis revealed fine particle fractions (FPFs) ranging from 18.53% to 24.77%. This in vitro study demonstrates the potential of IVM-loaded LPHNPs as a delivery vehicle through the pulmonary route.
Immunomodulatory R848-Loaded Anti-PD-L1-Conjugated Reduced Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots for Photothermal Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Lu Yu-Jen , Vayalakkara Reesha Kakkadavath , Dash Banendu Sunder , Hu Shang-Hsiu , Premji Thejas Pandaraparambil , Wu Chun-Yuan , Shen Yang-Jin , Chen Jyh-Ping
Published: August 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most severe form of brain cancer and presents unique challenges to developing novel treatments due to its immunosuppressive milieu where receptors like programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are frequently elevated to prevent an effective anti-tumor immune response. To potentially shift the GBM environment from being immunosuppressive to immune-enhancing, we engineered a novel nanovehicle from reduced graphene oxide quantum dot (rGOQD), which are loaded with the immunomodulatory drug resiquimod (R848) and conjugated with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1). The immunomodulatory rGOQD/R8/aPDL1 nanoparticles can actively target the PD-L1 on the surface of ALTS1C1 murine glioblastoma cells and release R848 to enhance the T-cell-driven anti-tumor response. From in vitro experiments, the PD-L1-mediated intracellular uptake and the rGOQD-induced photothermal response after irradiation with near-infrared laser light led to the death of cancer cells and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The combinational effect of R848 and released DAMPs synergistically produces antigens to activate dendritic cells, which can prime T lymphocytes to infiltrate the tumor in vivo. As a result, T cells effectively target and attack the PD-L1-suppressed glioma cells and foster a robust photothermal therapy elicited anti-tumor immune response from a syngeneic mouse model of GBM with subcutaneously implanted ALTS1C1 cells.
Benefits of Incorporating Lignin into Starch-Based Films: A Brief Review
Authors: Linan Lamia Zuniga , Fakhouri Farayde Matta , Nogueira Gislaine Ferreira , Zoppe Justin , Velasco José Ignacio
Published: August 2024

Polysaccharides are an excellent renewable source for developing food-packing materials. It is expected that these packages can be an efficient barrier against oxygen; can reduce lipid peroxidation, and can retain the natural aroma of a food commodity. Starch has tremendous potential to be explored in the preparation of food packaging; however, due to their high hydrophilic nature, packaging films produced from starch possess poor protective moisture barriers and low mechanical properties. This scenario limits their applications, especially in humid conditions. In contrast, lignin’s highly complex aromatic hetero-polymer network of phenylpropane units is known to play a filler role in polysaccharide films. Moreover, lignin can limit the biodegradability of polysaccharides films by a physical barrier, mainly, and by non-productive bindings. The main interactions affecting lignin non-productive bindings are hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen-bonding interactions, which are dependent on the total phenolic –OH and –COOH content in its chemical structure. In this review, the use of lignin as a reinforcement to improve the biodegradability of starch-based films in wet environments is presented. Moreover, the characteristics of the used lignins, the mechanisms of molecular interaction among these materials, and the sensitive physicochemical parameters for biodegradability detection are related.
Summer Discrepancies between 2 m Air Temperature and Landsat LST in Suceava City, Northeastern Romania
Authors: Mihăilă Dumitru , Bistricean Petruț-Ionel , Sfîcă Lucian , Horodnic Vasilică-Dănuț , Prisăcariu Alin , Amihăesei Vlad-Alexandru
Published: August 2024

The widespread availability of Land Surface Temperature (LST) data from various sources presents a contemporary challenge for urban climate studies: how to efficiently compare these data with the results of traditional methods of temperature monitoring, which typically assume measurements at 2 m under sheltered conditions. In this line, the current study is based primarily on data extracted from a network of 31 points of hourly temperature monitoring at the 2 m level (Tair2m), in use between 2019 and 2021, in the city of Suceava in north-eastern Romania. These data allowed a detailed mapping for each hourly time step through multiple regression, adjusted by IDW, which was identified as the best interpolation method of Tair2m. These data were analyzed in parallel with LST data derived from Landsat imagery available in the analyzed period for 35 summer days with no or low cloud cover. The mapping results of both the Tair2m and LST data describe the main characteristics of the Suceava urban agglomeration (SvMA) heat island, which presents polynuclear features with intensities—as expressed by the temperature difference between the cores of the heat island and the surrounding rural areas—spanning during the summer noontime between 3.0 °C based on Tair2m and 7.1 °C on LST, respectively. The values of the Tair2m–LST differences were 0.68 °C on average, ranging from 5.33 to −19.17 °C, directly proportional to the imperviousness ratio (IMD) values, reaching the highest values in the local climate zones (LCZs) with a high built-up ratio (up to −19.17 °C) and the lowest (0.5 ÷ −0.5 °C) for those with bare soils, with isolated bushes and trees, with few or no buildings. The study results could serve as a tool to downscale the LST data to the level of Tair2m, which is useful for interpretation of the data derived from these commonly used tools in urban climate monitoring.
Validation of Multi-Temporal Land-Cover Products Considering Classification Error Propagation
Authors: Liao Shicheng , Xie Huan , Gong Yali , Jin Yanmin , Xu Xiong , Chen Peng , Tong Xiaohua
Published: August 2024

Reducing the lag in the accuracy assessment of multi-temporal land-cover products has been a hot research topic. By identifying the changed strata, the annual accuracy in multi-temporal products can be quickly evaluated. However, there are still two limitations in the accuracy assessment of multi-temporal products. Firstly, the setting of the parameters (e.g., the total sample size, allocation of samples in the changed strata, etc.) in the fundamental sampling design is not based on specific setting criteria. Therefore, this evaluation method is not always applicable when the product or research area changes. Secondly, the accuracy evaluation of multi-temporal products does not consider the influence of misclassification. This can lead to an overestimation of the accuracy of changed strata in single-year evaluations. In this paper, we describe how the total sample and the assignment of samples in every stratum can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the land-cover product, which improves the applicability of the evaluation. The samples in the changed strata that propagate misclassification are essentially pixels that have not undergone any land-cover change. Therefore, in order to eliminate the propagation of this inter-annual classification error, the misclassified samples are reclassified as unchanged strata. This method was used in the multi-temporal ESA CCI land-cover product. The experimental results indicate that the single-year accuracy, considering classification error, is closer to the traditional evaluation accuracy of single-temporal data. For the categories with a small ratio of unchanged strata samples to changed strata samples, the accuracy improvement, after eliminating the classification errors, is more obvious. For the urban class, in particular, the misclassification affects its estimated accuracy by 9.72%.
Sustainable Agriculture Management: Environmental, Economic and Social Conjunctures for Coffee Sector in Guerrero, via Traditional Knowledge Management
Authors: Contreras-Medina David Israel , Contreras-Medina Luis Miguel , Cerroblanco-Vázquez Verónica
Published: August 2024

Early studies on sustainability establish social, economic, and environmental improvement as the ultimate goal worldwide. This is true for nations or companies with significant economic and technological resources that apply indicators, data, and methodologies to manage harmonious, sustainable development; however, little is known about the management, integration, and measurement of unified social, economic, and environmental dimensions to achieve sustainable actions for agriculture. Therefore, under a qualitative-quantitative approach combining the knowledge management paradigm, sustainability criteria, and the log-linear statistical test, this paper investigates actions for sustainability around planting–harvesting–first disposal of the coffee circuit based on the tacit-explicit traditional knowledge of 55 members of its productive ecosystem from Guerrero, Mexico. The results show a statistical integration between environmental, economic, and social data with 0.000 (p < 0.05); a partial association on its effects with 0.209, 0.068, and 0.000, respectively (p > 0.05); the creation of on-site banks, training and assistance, and a state network for exchanging experiences as the conjectural actions that can show effects with 0.002, while the remaining were over >0.05 (p > 0.05). Governments, organizations, and researchers could extrapolate the model for sustainable agriculture management in the coffee-growing regions and for other crops.
Educational Practices and Algorithmic Framework for Promoting Sustainable Development in Education by Identifying Real-World Learning Paths
Authors: Liu Tian-Yi , Jiang Yuan-Hao , Wei Yuang , Wang Xun , Huang Shucheng , Dai Ling
Published: August 2024

Utilizing big data and artificial intelligence technologies, we developed the Collaborative Structure Search Framework (CSSF) algorithm to analyze students’ learning paths from real-world data to determine the optimal sequence of learning knowledge components. This study enhances sustainability and balance in education by identifying students’ learning paths. This allows teachers and intelligent systems to understand students’ strengths and weaknesses, thereby providing personalized teaching plans and improving educational outcomes. Identifying causal relationships within knowledge structures helps teachers pinpoint and address learning issues, forming the basis for adaptive learning systems. Using real educational datasets, the research introduces a multi-sub-population collaborative search mechanism to enhance search efficiency by maintaining individual-level superiority, population-level diversity, and solution-set simplicity across sub-populations. A bidirectional feedback mechanism is implemented to discern high-quality and low-quality edges within the knowledge graph. Oversampling high-quality edges and undersampling low-quality edges address optimization challenges in Learning Path Recognition (LPR) due to edge sparsity. The proposed Collaborative Structural Search Framework (CSSF) effectively uncovers relationships within knowledge structures. Experimental validations on real-world datasets show CSSF’s effectiveness, with a 14.41% improvement in F1-score over benchmark algorithms on a dataset of 116 knowledge structures. The algorithm helps teachers identify the root causes of students’ errors, enabling more effective educational strategies, thus enhancing educational quality and learning outcomes. Intelligent education systems can better adapt to individual student needs, providing personalized learning resources, facilitating a positive learning cycle, and promoting sustainable education development.