bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Birleşik Krallık’ta Mülteci Entegrasyon Politikaları ve Temel Yaklaşımlar
Authors: Erdogan Zahide
Published: May 2020

Mülteci entegrasyonu konusu, Suriye’de başlayan olaylar sonrası çoğu Avrupa ülkesinde olduğu gibi Birleşik Krallık’ta da yeni gelenlerin entegrasyonu kapsamında sıkça tartışılır hale gelmiştir. Araştırmalar, I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları sırasındaki mülteci hareketlerinin Birleşik Krallık’ta temel mülteci politikalarının gelişimini etkilediğini göstermektedir. II. Dünya Savaşından sonra politika yaklaşımı asimilasyondan çok kültürlülüğe kayarken, 1990’lı yıllardaki politikalarda sığınmacı sayısının azaltılması amacıyla göçün sınırlanması yaklaşımı hakim olmuştur. Birleşik Krallık 2000-2008 yılları arasında AB’den gelen fonlarla mülteci hedefli politikalar uygulamış ve 2012 yılından itibaren mülteciler de artık diğer göçmenlerle birlikte topluluk uyumu politikaları kapsamında ele alınmaya başlamıştır. Birleşik Krallık, ana akım politika yaklaşımı, oldukça sınırlı yeniden yerleştirme programları ve güçlü bir şekilde yerelleşmeye dayalı entegrasyon stratejisi uygulamaktadır. Politikalarda zaman içinde değişim olmakla birlikte, ana politikalar temelde yapısal entegrasyonun kolaylaştırılması ile topluluk uyumunun sağlanmasına dayanmaktadır. Bu makale, Birleşik Krallık’ta uygulanan mülteci entegrasyon politikalarını ve temel yaklaşımları, tarihsel çerçeve ve mülteci entegrasyonuna ilişkin belgelerden hareketle kavramsallaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH
Refugee Integration in the UK: Main Policies and Approaches
As most European countries, refugee integration has again become a highly debated issue within the scope of newcomers’ integration in the UK following the conflict in Syria. Researches show that the refugee movements during the First and Second World Wars influenced the development of the key refugee policies in the UK. Policy approaches after World War II have shifted from assimilation to multiculturalism. The UK adopted a restrictive approach to migration with the aim of reducing the number of asylum seekers and it became a dominant approach in regard to refugees during the 1990s. Accordingly, the UK implemented refugee targeted policies between 2000 and 2008 with the funding from the EU; and since 2012, refugees are considered part of the community cohesion policies along with other migrants. Although the policies have transformed over time, the key policies are primarily based on facilitating structural integration and implementing community cohesion. This article aims to conceptualize the UK’s refugee integration policies and key approaches through the historical framework based on the analysis of refugee integration documents.
Hatay’daki Suriyeli Mültecilerin Girişimcilik Alanındaki Deneyimleri ve Mekânsal Faktörler
Authors: Karan Olgu , Çakır Bilge , Kurtarır Erhan
Published: May 2020

Bu yazı, Türkiye’de yeni yeni gelişen göçmen küçük işletme sahipleri yazınına, Hatay’ın Samandağ, Defne, Kırıkhan, Reyhanlı ve Antakya ilçelerinde yapılan alan çalışmasını Bourdieu’nun alan kuramını işlemselleştirerek katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.  Araştırmanın temel sorusu, farklı ilçelerin demografik ve sosyo–kültürel yapısının Suriyeli mültecilerin küçük işletme deneyimlerini nasıl etkilediğidir. Saha çalışması, saha gözlemleri, 30 küçük işletmecinin yanı sıra Hatay’ın ilçelerinde bulunan Esnaf ve Sanatkârlar Odası ile Antakya Ticaret Odası’ndan 4 yetkiliyle yapılan derinlemesine mülakatlardan oluşmaktadır. Bugüne kadar birçok çalışmada elde edilen bulguların, alanın ve ilçelerin yapısını hesaba katmadığı, sadece Suriyeli mültecilerin girişimcilik stratejilerine, özelliklerine, oluşturdukları ve sahip oldukları sermaye türlerine odaklandığı görülmüştür. Bu tür araştırmaların bütünlüklü ve ilişkisel bir araştırma ortaya koyamayıp, girişimcilerin alanla ilişkili olarak karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve bunların üstesinden gelmek için geliştirdikleri stratejileri ve adaptasyon süreci farklılıklarını anlamaktan uzak kaldığı da bir gerçektir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’deki Suriyeli esnaflar yazınında oluşan kolaycılığa kaçan genellemeci, farklı yerel etkenlere bağlı olarak oluşan dinamikleri, deneyimleri ve “entegrasyon” stratejilerini gözden kaçıran eğilimler bu çalışmada eleştirilmektedir.
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH
Syrian Refugees Entrepreneurial Experiences and Spatial Factors in Hatay, Turkey
This study aims to contribute to the emerging scholarship on Syrian Refugee entrepreneurship in Turkey by utilising Bourdieusian field theory. The main research question of the paper is as follows: How demographic and socio-cultural structures of different districts of Hatay impact on the experiences of Syrian Refugee entrepreneurship in Hatay, Turkey? The research employs field observations and 34 in-depth interviews with 30 small business owners from Syrian refugees in various trades and 4 key persons from trade associations in the districts of Hatay province such as Samandağ, Defne, Antakya, Kırıkhan and Reyhanlı. The research illustrates those demographic, economic and socio-cultural differences within the districts of Hatay province lead to differentiated entry possibilities, barriers, and strategies for Syrian refugees in small business ownership.
Nesli Keskinöz Bilen (Der.) (2018). Psikanaliz ve Göç, Gitmek mi? Kalmak mı?
Authors: Madendağ Gülten
Published: May 2020

Nesli Keskinöz Bilen (Der.) (2018). Psikanaliz ve Göç, Gitmek mi? Kalmak mı? İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları, ISBN: 978-605-375-884-6.
Editörden: KOVİD-19’un Uluslararası Hareketlilik ve Göçmenliğe İlişkin Etkisi Üzerine
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim , Özerim Mehmet Gökay , Bilecen Tuncay
Published: May 2020

Elimizdeki mevcut verilere göre ilk vakanın 2019 yılı Aralık ayı sonunda Çin’in Vuhan kentinde tespit edilmesinin ardından Ocak ayı itibariyle başka ülkelerde de vakaların ortaya çıkmasıyla COVID-19 salgınının yarattığı ilk etki, küresel bir kriz algısı oldu. Ancak virüs ve salgın, bu küresel niteliğinden beklenmeyecek bir yan etki doğurdu ve “sınır tanımayan” bir soruna ulusal sınırlara yönelik önlemler dönemini başlattı. Daha da önemlisi, bu salgın sürecinin insan sağlığı dışında belki de somut olarak gözlemleyebildiğimiz en büyük etkilerinden biri insan hareketliliği üzerinde oluştu. Dergimizin bu sayısını hazırladığımız dönem içerisinde salgının birçok konu ve alanla birlikte uluslararası hareketlilik ve göçmenlik üzerinde nasıl etkiler yaratacağına ilişkin kaygılar devam ediyor. Salgının başlangıcı, ilerlemesi ve henüz tam olarak bilmediğimiz sonrası olmak üzere üç safha açısından baktığımızda, daha ilk safhayı oluşturan başlangıcında bile “sınırlar” ve “göçün” COVID-19 ile bir arada düşünülmesinin aslında bir tesadüf veya sadece bir akademik merakın sonucu olmadığını söylememiz mümkün.
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH
Editorial: On the Impact of COVID-19 on Crossborder Human Mobility and Migration
The first COVID-19 case was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and the subsequent cases had been identified in some other countries around the world by January 2020. Among many others, one of the most prominent and immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic was the anxiety of a “global crisis”. Despite its’ global and cross-border nature, COVID-19 triggered a period of national precautions regarding the borders. Consequently, beyond human health, a concrete side effect of the pandemic is observed on human mobility. The debates about the perturbative outcomes of the COVID-19 on cross-border human mobility and migration have been still going on within the period that we have been preparing this volume of our journal. A general overview of the daily politics and practices about the breakout, progression and post-pandemic periods of the COVID-19 reveal that the linkage between migration, borders, and COVID-19 is a fact, which is highly related to the nature of the pandemic and national precautions, rather than a coincidence or a result of academic curiosity.
Koronavirüs Salgınının Türkiye’deki Suriyelilere Etkileri Üzerine İlk İzlenimler
Authors: Akay Ertürk Selma
Published: May 2020

Son dokuz yılda Türkiye’deki Suriyeli mültecilerin sayısı 3,5 milyonu geçmiştir ve bunların büyük bir çoğunluğu kamplar dışında yaşamaktadır. Koronavirüs (Kovid-19) salgını çok kısa bir süre içinde pek çok ülkeyi ve kıtayı etkisi altına almıştır. 11 Mart 2020’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ), Koronavirüs salgınını küresel bir salgın yani pandemi olarak ilan etmiş ve ülkelerden yayılmayı durdurmak için sıkı önlemler almasını istemiştir. Aynı tarihte 11 Mart 2020’de Türkiye’de ilk Koronavirüs vakası Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından duyurulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Koronavirüs’un Türkiye’deki Suriyelilere olan sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve mekansal etkilerini ve Türkiye’de Suriyelilere yardım eden kuruluşların bu salgın döneminde yani bu acil kriz durumuna verdikleri yanıtları incelemektir. Yerli ve yabancı literatür ile resmi kurumların verilerinden, web sayfalarında paylaştıkları bilgilerden ve medyada çıkan haberlerden faydalanılan bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de bulunan Suriyelilerin, Koronavirüs salgını döneminde uluslararası sınırları geçme veya Türkiye’de bulundukları yerde kalma konusunda karşılaştıkları seçenekler değerlendirilmiştir.  Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler Koronavirüs salgını döneminde yerel toplumun üyeleri gibi, ekonomik zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmışlardır.

ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH

Early Reflections on the Effects of Coronavirus Pandemic on Syrian refugees in Turkey

In the past nine years, the number of Syrian refugees in Turkey has exceeded 3.5 million, and the vast majority of them live outside the camps. Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has affected many countries and continents in a short time. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic and asked countries to take stringent measures to stop spreading. On March 11, 2020, on the same date the Ministry of Health, announced the first case of COVID-19 in Turkey. This study aims to analyze the social, economic, cultural and spatial effects of Coronavirus on the Syrian refugees in Turkey and to examine the response of the institutions and international and local NGO’s who support the Syrian refugees in Turkey during this pandemic, that is, in an emergency crisis. In this study, which utilizes the data of official institutions, the information they share on their web pages and the news in the media, options of Syrians in Turkey for crossing international borders or for staying in places where they live in Turkey in time of COVID-19 evaluated. During the Coronavirus outbreak, Syrians in Turkey faced with economic difficulties like members of the local community.
Repositorios y Plan S: la importancia de los secundarios en el reparto
Authors: Abadal Ernest
Published: May 2020

El autor analiza el papel de los repositorios en el ecosistema de la comunicación científica y cómo este ha evolucionado desde un papel seundario a otro mucho más relevante más allá del movimiento por el acceso abierto al conocimiento. Abadal comenta brevemente los requisitos que el Plan S incluye para repositorios y revistas y esboza el futuro de los primeros, subrayando la importancia de que las agencias de financiación recomienden y obliguen a que artículos publicados en revistas se archiven también en repositorios.
Emevî Ailesine Mensup Valilerden Bişr b. Mervân ve Yönetimi
Authors: KARA Cahid
Published: May 2020

Emevî idarî yapısında eyalet valileri, devletin halifeden sonra en kuvvetli unsuru olmuşlardır. Bu anlamda valinin kişiliği, siyasî anlayış ve idarî mekanizmaları yönetmesi devletin bekası için her zaman önemli olmuştur. Emevîler’in ikinci fitne dönemi sonrasında İslam dünyasında tekrar yönetimi birleştirmelerini takiben, muhalif Şiî, Zübeyrî ve Hâricî hareketlerin merkezini oluşturan Kûfe’ye hanedan üyesi Bişr b. Mervân atanmıştır. Kendisi kısa süren valiliği döneminde özellikle Kûfe’de Emevî hakimiyetinin bölgede güçlenmesinde önemli bir etken olmuştur. Güçlü kişiliği bölgede muhalif hareketlerin oluşmasına izin vermemiştir. Yönetim üzerindeki hakimiyetini sadece askerî güçle sağlamaya çalışmamış, ayrıca para basması malî alanlardaki hakimiyetini sembolleştirmesine, halk tarafından kabul görmese de dinî uygulamalardaki bazı yenilikleri kendi yönetim tarzını ortaya koymak istemesine, muhalifleri şiddetle cezalandırması idaredeki demir yumruğuna, şiir ve şairlerle vakit geçirmeyi sevmesi edebiyata olan tutkunluğuna, halka karşı mesafeli fakat yeri geldiğinde müşfik olabilmesi adaletine işaret etmektedir. Bişr b. Mervân idarî alandaki bu özelliklerinin yanısıra şiir, şarap ve eğlenceye olan tutkusuyla da meşhur, dönemin hanedan üyesi Emevî valilerinden biridir.
Assessing the spatiotemporal persistence of fish distributions: a case study on two red mullet species (Mullus surmuletus and M. barbatus) in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Paradinas I , Conesa D , López-Quílez A , Esteban A , Martín López LM , Bellido JM , Pennino MG
Published: May 2020

Understanding the spatiotemporal persistence of fish distributions is key to defining fish hotspots and effective fisheries-restricted areas (FRAs). Hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal models provide an excellent framework to understand these distributions, as they can accommodate different spatiotemporal behaviour in the data, primarily due to their flexibility. The aim of this research was to characterize the fundamental behavioural patterns of fish as persistent, opportunistic or progressive by comparing different spatiotemporal model structures in order to provide better information for marine spatial planning. To illustrate this method, the spatiotemporal distributions of 2 sympatric Mullidae species, the striped red mulletMullus surmuletusand the red mulletM. barbatus, were analysed. The occurrence of each species, its conditional-to-presence abundance and median length were analysed using Mediterranean trawl survey data from the western Mediterranean between 2000 and 2016. Results demonstrate that there are various common hotspots of both species distributed along the Iberian coast. The convenient persistent spatiotemporal distribution of these hotspots facilitates the configuration of a network of connected FRAs for red mullets in the study area.
Ontogenetic Development of GABAB-Receptor Signaling Cascade in Plasma Membranes Isolated From Rat Brain Cortex; the Number of GABAB-Receptors Is High Already Shortly After the Birth
Authors: KAGAN D. , DLOUHÁ K. , ROUBALOVÁ L. , SVOBODA P.
Published: May 2020

Our data indicate the significant intrinsic efficacy of GABAB-receptors in rat brain cortex already at birth (PD1, PD2). Subsequently, baclofen- and SKF97541-stimulated G-protein activity, measured by agonist-stimulated, high-affinity [35S]GTPγS binding assay, was increased; the highest level of both baclofen and SKF97541-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding was detected between PD10 and PD15. In older rats, baclofen- and SKF97541-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding was continuously decreased so, that the level in adult, 90-days old animals, was not different from that in newborn animals. The potency of G-protein response to baclofen (characterized by EC50 values) was also high at birth but unchanged by further postnatal development. An individual variance among different agonists was observed in this respect as the potency of SKF97541 response was decreased between the birth and adulthood. Accordingly, the highest plasma membrane density of GABAB-R, determined by saturation binding assay with antagonist [3H]CGP54626, was measured in 1-day old animals (2.27±0.08 pmol · mg-1). The further development was reflected in a decrease of [3H]CGP54626 binding as the Bmax values of 1.38±0.05 and 0.93±0.04 pmol · mg-1 were determined in PM isolated from 13- and 90-days old rats, respectively.
IB-MECA, an Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonist, Does Not Influence Survival of Lethally γ-Irradiated Mice
Authors: HOFER M. , POSPÍŠIL M. , DUŠEK L. , HOFEROVÁ Z. , KOMŮRKOVÁ D.
Published: May 2020

In our previous studies, IB-MECA, an adenosine A3 receptor agonist, was found to stimulate proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor and precursor cells in mice. This property of IB-MECA was considered to be responsible for its ability to support regeneration of suppressed hematopoiesis after irradiation with sublethal doses of γ-rays when the drug was given in a post-irradiation treatment regimen. This study was aimed at assessing the ability of IB-MECA to influence a 30-day survival of lethally irradiated mice. In a series of experiments, IB-MECA was administered following various lethal radiation doses in various numbers of drug doses and various administration routes. Though in some of these experiments a moderate increase in 30-day survival was observed in IB-MECA-treated mice, the differences in comparison with the controls were not significantly different. It can be inferred from these results and those of previous studies assessing the effects of IB-MECA after sublethal radiation doses that IB-MECA can probably influence only a substantially preserved hematopoiesis like that remaining after sublethal irradiation. Future studies should be aimed at evaluation of the abilities of IB-MECA to influence post-irradiation survival when administered as a part of combined treatment regimens.
Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue Triglycerides After Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance: the DIOGENES Study
Authors: KUNEŠOVÁ M. , HLAVATÝ P. , TVRZICKÁ E. , STAŇKOVÁ B. , KALOUSKOVÁ P. , VIGUERIE N. , LARSEN T. M. , VAN BAAK M. A. , JEBB S. A. , MARTINEZ J. A. , PFEIFFER A. F. H. , KAFATOS A. , HANDJIEVA-DARLENSKA T. , HILL M. , LANGIN D. , ŽÁK A. , ASTRUP A. , SARIS W. H. M.
Published: May 2020

Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue changes with weight loss. Palmitoleic acid as a possible marker of endogenous lipogenesis or its functions as a lipokine are under debate. Objective was to assess the predictive role of adipose triglycerides fatty acids in weight maintenance in participants of the DIOGENES dietary intervention study. After an 8-week low calorie diet (LCD) subjects with > 8 % weight loss were randomized to 5 ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 6 months: low protein (P)/low glycemic index (GI) (LP/LGI), low P/high GI (LP/HGI), high P/low GI (HP/LGI), high P/high GI (HP/HGI), and a control diet. Fatty acid composition in adipose tissue triglycerides was determined by gas chromatography in 195 subjects before the LCD (baseline), after LCD and weight maintenance. Weight change after the maintenance phase was positively correlated with baseline adipose palmitoleic (16:1n-7), myristoleic (14:1n-5) and trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t). Negative correlation was found with baseline oleic acid (18:1n-9). Lower baseline monounsaturated fatty acids (14:1n-5, 16:1n-7 and trans 16:1n-7) in adipose tissue triglycerides predict better weight maintenance. Lower oleic acid predicts lower weight decrease. These findings suggest a specific role of monounsaturated fatty acids in weight management and as weight change predictors.
Hadoop Configuration Tuning for Performance Optimization
Authors: Christian Christian , I Eng Kho , Ipung Heru Purnomo
Published: May 2020

Configuration parameter tuning is an essential part of the implementation of Hadoop clusters. Each parameter in a configuration plays a role that impacts the ov erall performance of the cluster. Therefore, we need to learn the characteristics of said parameter and understand the impact in hardware utilization in order to achieve optimal configuration. In this paper, we conducted experiments that includes modifying configuration and performed benchmark to find out if there is any performance gain. TeraSort is the program that runs the benchmark, we measure the time needed to complete the sort of the set of data and the CPU utilization during the benchmark. We conclu de that from our experiments we can see significant performance improvements by tuning with the configurations. However, the results may vary between different cluster configuration.
Delivering Sustainable Water Systems Using Kalman Filter and Statistical Approach
Authors: Loebis Dedy
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the results of work undertaken to develop and test contrasting data analysis approaches for the detection of bursts/leaks and other anomalies within wate r supply systems at district meter area (DMA)level. This was conducted for Yorkshire Water (YW) sample data sets from the Harrogate and Dales (H&D), Yorkshire, United Kingdom water supply network as part of Project NEPTUNE EP/E003192/1 ). A data analysissystem based on Kalman filtering and statistical approach has been developed. The system has been applied to the analysis of flow and pressure data. The system was proved for one dataset case and have shown the ability to detect anomalies in flow and pres sure patterns, by correlating with other information. It will be shown that the Kalman/statistical approach is a promising approach at detecting subtle changes and higher frequency features, it has the potential to identify precursor features and smaller l eaks and hence could be useful for monitoring the development of leaks, prior to a large volume burst event.
MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN CARA MENERAPKAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 2 SENTAJO RAYA
Authors: Iriadi Wawuk Eka
Published: May 2020

This research was started by the low motivation of students in learning. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Sentajo Raya with a total of 24 students consisting of 13 male students and 11 female students. This type of research is a classroom action research applying group guidance services. The action research design in this study includes planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results showed that students who had very high intervals were only 4 (16.6%) people, after taking action in cycle I increased to 7 (29.2%) people, and in cycle II it increased again to 9 (37.5%) people. The interval of students categorized as high before the action was 6 (25%) people, in cycle I it increased to 9 (37.5%) people and cycle II to 12 (50%) people. The moderate interval before the Action was 8 (33.4%) people, in the first cycle it decreased to 5 (20.8%) people and in the second cycle it decreased again to 3 (12.5%) people. The interval of students in the low category before the Actions was 5 (20.8%) people, in cycle I it was reduced to 3 (12.5%) people and in cycle II there were no students in the low category. Student intervals in the very low category before the Actions were 1 (4.2%) people, and in cycles I and II there were none. It can be concluded that student motivation can be improved through group guidance services at SMP Negeri 2 Sentajo Raya.
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PROFESSIONAL GURU DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Mista Raja
Published: May 2020

this research was conducted at SDN 020 Serumpun Jaya. The subjects of this study were all teachers in SDN 020 Serumpun Jaya, totaling 9 teachers. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the principal in improving teacher competency in elementary schools. The data in this study are data about teacher professional competence taken directly from the SDN 020 Serumpun Jaya teacher. The research instrument used was a questionnaire about professional competence. The results showed, indicators of teacher professional competence that is Mastering competency standards and basic competencies of subjects or areas of development that are able to get a score of 80.4 good categories. The second indicator is Developing learning materials that are taught creatively get a 71.3 category good enough. The third indicator, namely Developing professionalism in a sustainable manner by taking reflective actions, scored 77.7 in the good category, and the fourth indicator, Utilizing information and communication technology for communication and self-improvement, scored 61.8 in the good enough category. It can be concluded that the role of the school principal is able to increase the professional competence of SDN 020 Serumpun Jaya teachers.
Perilaku Meruang Oleh Masyarakat di Lingkungan Permukiman Dusun Bambaler, Kabupaten Barito Selatan, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Hawiley Yanesar , Iskandar Doddy Aditya , Sarwadi Ahmad
Published: May 2020

Secara fisik lingkungan permukiman terbentuk dari susunan ruang yang memiliki maksud tertentu dengan berdasarkan kepada norma-norma yang dipegang oleh setiap individu maupun kelompok masyarakat. Susunan tersebut merfleksikan kebutuhan, nilai dan hasrat serta merepresentasikan keselarasan (harmonisasi) antara ruang sosial dan ruang fisik sebagai bentuk persepsi terkait keberadaan lingkungannya yang selanjutnya dimanifestasikan ke dalam bentuk interaksi antara manusia dengan ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku meruang masyarakat Dusun Bambaler yang bermukim dengan memanfaatkan seting sungai (sungei) dan wilayah daratan sebagai  bagian dari lingkungan permukimannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksplorasi dan dianalisis secara naratif untuk membangun penjelasan melalui narasi terkait gambaran perilaku meruang masyarakat Dusun Bambaler. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah keberadaan sungei (sungai) dan lanting (rumah terapung) merupakan seting bagi beragam aktivitas dengan motif ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan wilayah perairan . Sementara itu, keberadaan elemen-elemen permukiman di darat berupa teteyan (jalan titian), area sekolah dan lapangan sepak bola merupakan elemen permukiman yang menjadi seting bagi aktivitas sosial, ekonomi serta aktivitas yang bersifat temporer bagi masyarakat di lingkungan permukiman daratan.
The civil structures bearing capacity assessment for 150 m high reinforced concrete ventilation pipe based on the field and numerical surveys
Authors: Marienkov M.H. , Babik K.M. , Bogdan D.V.
Published: May 2020

In the paper the results of the building structures bearing capacity assessment are presented for a reinforced concrete ventilation pipe with a height of 150 m under seismic effects and tornado loads, taking into account the results of full-scale dynamic and instrumental building structures surveys, based on the linear and nonlinear spatial design models numerical studies.
This goal was achieved by solving the following tasks:

the vibrodynamic surveys execution;
the concrete structures strength determination by an ultrasonic method;
development of linear and nonlinear spatial design models of the pipe;
the calculations of class F3 tornado effects and intensities 6 (MDE) and 7 (above MDE) seismic impacts.

Based on the results of vibrodynamic surveys, the actual dynamic parameters of the ventilation pipe structures were determined (vibration modes, prevailing periods and frequencies during principal modes vibrations). Based on the results of structures instrumental studies by ultrasonic method, the actual characteristics of concrete structures strength are determined. The obtained field data were used in the development of the facility spatial design models.
To determine the bearing capacity of structures, the models calculations were performed using the LIRA CAD software package, which is a computer system for structural analysis and design.
The calculations were performed for the class F3 tornado loads, as well as the intensities 6 and 7 seismic effects determined by the spectral method. Additionally, the bearing capacity of facility reinforced concrete structures was assessed under extreme loads (intensity 7 seismic impacts and class F3 tornado) taking into account the concrete and reinforcement plastic properties. The structures non-linear static analysis (Pushover analysis) applied in the standards of Ukraine, the European Union, the USA and other countries for the assessment of the operating structures seismic resistance was used.
Based on the results of the research, the reinforced concrete ventilation pipe structures stress-strain state parameters under the considered seismic and tornado loads were obtained and the recommendations were prepared to reduce the possible consequences of an intensity 7 earthquake and a class F3 tornado.
Toward an Exergue on the Future of Différance
Authors: Ross Daniel
Published: May 2020

In Of Grammatology, Derrida discusses Leroi-Gourhan in relating différance to memory, the ‘program’, and the history of life. In Technics and Time, 1, Stiegler argues that Derrida failed to draw all the philosophical implications of linking différance to the questions of life and retention. Derrida returned to the life sciences in 1975, in a seminar not published in its entirety until 2019. There, Derrida attempts to deconstruct the geneticist François Jacob's account of the ‘logic of life’, but Derrida's analysis of different kinds of memory and programs seems confused, suggesting that the Derridean text remains haunted by the deficiencies of his earlier reading of Leroi-Gourhan. Later in the seminar, Derrida shows foresight concerning the problems arising from seeing the genetic molecule as akin to a computer program, despite Jacob making this link via Schrödinger and Wiener's discussions of negentropy. When Derrida turns to a reading of Freud and libidinal energy, however, he ‘assumes’ a reading of Laplanche but ignores the latter's critique of Freud's own preoccupations with the second law of thermodynamics. The limitations of Derrida's attempts to bring deconstruction together with scientific understanding expose the need for the kind of ‘organological’ and ‘neganthropological’ approach that Stiegler will ultimately pursue.
Relevant opplæring i yrkesopplæringens første år: Elevers erfaringer med yrkesrelevant opplæring
Authors: Bruvik Åse Norunn Nedrebø , Haaland Grete
Published: May 2020

During the last years, vocational education in Norway has been organised through eight different educational programmes. Each programme makes the basic year for many different professions, students may be heading for. The national regulations for Norwegian vocational education and training describe a clear intention of professional relevance for each student and competence development through democratic participation. The aim of this research was to investigate how the basic year in vocational programmes works, related to these intentions from a student perspective. This study provides both qualitative and quantitative results. Despite the fact that most of the students, before or during the first year, have decided on their future profession, the survey shows that the basic year in Norwegian vocational education is not, or only partially relevant to their vocational plans. The students find that their possibilities to influence in deciding their learning tasks and the educational content is minimal. Interpretation and understanding of curriculum, learning assignments and educational content are decided by the teachers or others, not the students.
A Retrospective Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Carbapenem and Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Nosocomial Strains Isolated during an MDR Surveillance Program
Authors: Gentile Bernardina , Grottola Antonella , Orlando Gabriella , Fregni Serpini Giulia , Venturelli Claudia , Meschiari Marianna , Anselmo Anna , Fillo Silvia , Fortunato Antonella , Lista Florigio , Pecorari Monica , Mussini Cristina
Published: May 2020

Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR Kp), in particular carbapenem-resistant Kp (CR-Kp), has become endemic in Italy, where alarming data have been reported on the spread of colistin-resistant CR-Kp (CRCR-Kp). During the period 2013–2014, 27 CRCR-Kp nosocomial strains were isolated within the Modena University Hospital Policlinico (MUHP) multidrug resistance surveillance program. We retrospectively investigated these isolates by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of the resistome, virulome, plasmid content, and core single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) in order to gain insights into their molecular epidemiology. The in silico WGS analysis of the resistome revealed the presence of genes, such as blaKPC, related to the phenotypically detected resistances to carbapenems. Concerning colistin resistance, the plasmidic genes mcr 1–9 were not detected, while known and new genetic variations in mgrB, phoQ, and pmrB were found. The virulome profile revealed the presence of type-3 fimbriae, capsular polysaccharide, and iron acquisition system genes. The detected plasmid replicons were classified as IncFIB(pQil), IncFIB(K), ColRNAI, IncX3, and IncFII(K) types. The cSNPs genotyping was consistent with the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and with the distribution of mutations related to colistin resistance genes. In a nosocomial drug resistance surveillance program, WGS proved to be a useful tool for elucidating the spread dynamics of CRCR-Kp nosocomial strains and could help to limit their diffusion.
A Retrospective Observational Study of Risk Factors for Denosumab-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients with Bone Metastases from Solid Cancers
Authors: Okuma Satoe , Matsuda Yuhei , Nariai Yoshiki , Karino Masaaki , Suzuki Ritsuro , Kanno Takahiro
Published: May 2020

This single-center retrospective observational study aimed to identify risk factors for developing denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) in stage IV solid cancer patients with bone metastases. In total, 123 consecutive patients who had received 120 mg of denosumab every 4 weeks at least twice between July 2014 and October 2018 were included. We surveyed their demographics, medical history, blood test, underlying disease, and intraoral findings. Fourteen patients (11.4%) developed DRONJ within a mean denosumab administration period of 4 months (range: 2–52 months). Univariate analyses showed a statistically significant correlation between DRONJ and hormone therapy, chemotherapy/molecular target drug, apical periodontitis, periodontal disease, sex and body mass index. Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between DRONJ and hormone therapy (odds ratio [OR], 22.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.86–170.24), chemotherapy and/or molecular targeted therapy (OR, 18.61; 95% CI, 2.54–136.27), and apical periodontitis (OR, 22.75; 95% CI, 3.20–161.73). These findings imply that collaborative oral examinations by oral specialists may reduce the risk of development of DRONJ in patients treated with denosumab for bone metastases from solid cancers.
Evidence for Cytoprotective Effect of Carbon Monoxide Donor in the Development of Acute Esophagitis Leading to Acute Esophageal Epithelium Lesions
Authors: Magierowska Katarzyna , Bakalarz Dominik , Wójcik Dagmara , Korbut Edyta , Danielak Aleksandra , Głowacka Urszula , Pajdo Robert , Buszewicz Grzegorz , Ginter Grzegorz , Surmiak Marcin , Kwiecień Sławomir , Chmura Anna , Magierowski Marcin , Brzozowski Tomasz
Published: May 2020

Exposure to acidic gastric content due to malfunction of lower esophageal sphincter leads to acute reflux esophagitis (RE) leading to disruption of esophageal epithelial cells. Carbon monoxide (CO) produced by heme oxygenase (HMOX) activity or released from its donor, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2) was reported to protect gastric mucosa against acid-dependent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced damage. Thus, we aimed to investigate if CO affects RE-induced esophageal epithelium lesions development. RE induced in Wistar rats by the ligation of a junction between pylorus and forestomach were pretreated i.g. with vehicle CORM-2; RuCl3; zinc protoporphyrin IX, or hemin. CORM-2 was combined with NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), indomethacin, capsazepine, or capsaicin-induced sensory nerve ablation. Esophageal lesion score (ELS), esophageal blood flow (EBF), and mucus production were determined by planimetry, laser flowmetry, histology. Esophageal Nrf-2, HMOXs, COXs, NOSs, TNF-α and its receptor, IL-1 family and IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), NF-κB, HIF-1α, annexin-A1, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3), TRPV1, c-Jun, c-Fos mRNA/protein expressions, PGE2, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanozine (8-OHdG) and serum COHb, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, IL-1β, and IL-6 content were assessed by PCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, gas chromatography, ELISA or Luminex platform. Hemin or CORM-2 alone or combined with L-NNA or indomethacin decreased ELS. Capsazepine or capsaicin-induced denervation reversed CORM-2 effects. COHb blood content, esophageal HMOX-1, Nrf-2, TRPV1 protein, annexin-A1, HIF-1α, IL-1 family, NF-κB, c-Jun, c-Fos, SOCS3 mRNA expressions, and 8-OHdG levels were elevated while PGE2 concentration was decreased after RE. CO donor-maintained elevated mucosal TRPV1 protein, HIF-1 α, annexin-A1, IL-1RA, SOCS3 mRNA expression, or TGF-β serum content, decreasing 8-OHdG level, and particular inflammatory markers expression/concentration. CORM-2 and Nrf-2/HMOX-1/CO pathway prevent esophageal mucosa against RE-induced lesions, DNA oxidation, and inflammatory response involving HIF-1α, annexin-A1, SOCS3, IL-1RA, TGF-β-modulated pathways. Esophagoprotective and hyperemic CO effects are in part mediated by afferent sensory neurons and TRPV1 receptors activity with questionable COX/PGE2 or NO/NOS systems involvement.
Zoantharia (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) of the Dutch Caribbean and One New Species of Parazoanthus
Authors: Montenegro Javier , Hoeksema Bert W. , Santos Maria E. A. , Kise Hiroki , Reimer James Davis
Published: May 2020

Species of the anthozoan order Zoantharia (=Zoanthidea) are common components of subtropical and tropical shallow water coral reefs. Despite a long history of research on their species diversity in the Caribbean, many regions within this sea remain underexamined. One such region is the Dutch Caribbean, including the islands of St. Eustatius, St. Maarten, Saba, Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, as well as the Saba Bank, for which no definitive species list exists. Here, combining examinations of specimens housed in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center collection with new specimens and records from field expeditions, we provide a list of zoantharian species found within the Dutch Caribbean. Our results demonstrate the presence at least 16 described species, including the newly described Parazoanthus atlanticus, and the additional potential presence of up to four undescribed species. These records of new and undescribed species demonstrate that although the zoantharian research history of the Caribbean is long, further discoveries remain to be found. In light of biodiversity loss and increasing anthropogenic pressure on declining coral reefs, documenting the diversity of zoantharians and other coral reef species to provide baseline data takes on a new urgency.
Common Patterns and Diverging Trajectories in Primary Succession of Plants in Eastern Alpine Glacier Forelands
Authors: Fickert Thomas
Published: May 2020

This paper deals with the vegetation development in four glacier forelands, aligned along a distance of 250 km from West to East in the siliceous Eastern Central Alps. The study employs a chronosequence approach, which assumes a temporal sequence in vegetation development by spatially different sites regarding time since deglaciation. The chronosequences cover the area between Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum glacier extent around 1850, and the current glacier terminus. Despite some shortcomings, chronosequences allow the identification of general patterns of primary succession of plants as a function of site age and local environmental conditions, e.g., changes in species richness, ground cover, plant functional traits, and community structure. While there is no shortage of chronosequence studies in glacier forelands of the Alps, a straightforward comparison aimed at the deduction of general successional trajectories is tricky, due to different procedures of vegetation sampling and data analyses. The comparative examination by a standardized sampling and analyzing protocol of four glacier forelands in the Eastern Central Alps presented here proves the existence of several common patterns in primary succession, but also diverging successional trajectories from West to East. While the pioneer stage in all glacier forelands is similar both floristically and structurally, from the early successional stage onwards, differences increase, leading to different phases in the late successional stage, which is shrub dominated throughout in the westernmost study site, herb–grass–dwarfshrub dominated throughout in the easternmost study site, and divided into an earlier herb–grass–dwarfshrub phase and a later shrub phase in the two study sites in between.
Differential Metabolite Accumulation in Different Tissues of Gleditsia sinensis under Water Stress and Rehydration Conditions
Authors: Liu Jia , Kang Rui , Liu Yang , Wu Ke-Xin , Yan Xue , Song Ying , Pan Li-Ben , Tang Zhong-Hua
Published: May 2020

Gleditsia sinensis Lam. is a woody species that can tolerate various drought conditions and has been widely used in all aspects of life, including medicine, food, cleaning products, and landscaping. However, few reports have focused on the regulatory mechanism of the drought response in G. sinensis. To understand the metabolic basis of the Gleditsia sinensis drought response, different tissues were subjected to a rehydration/dehydration treatment and subsequently analyzed using untargeted and targeted metabolomics profiling depending on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass (LC-MS) analytical platforms, respectively. Eight sugars, twelve amino acids, and twenty phenolic compounds were characterized. Metabolites showing a significant increase or decrease under drought stress were considered to be the key metabolites of interest for a better understanding of the drought tolerance mechanisms. The GC-MS-identified compounds were shown to undergo tissue-specific regulation in response to drought stress. Moreover, the C6C3C6 and C6C3 structures were identified by LC-MS as phenolic metabolites, which revealed their drought-response association. Significant physiological parameters were measured, including overall plant development, and the results showed that antioxidant systems could not be completely restored, but photosynthetic parameters could be recovered. The results of this research provide insight into biochemical component information mechanism of drought resistance in G. sinensis.
Gene Expression Pattern in Olive Tree Organs (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Ramírez-Tejero Jorge A. , Jiménez-Ruiz Jaime , Leyva-Pérez María de la O , Barroso Juan Bautista , Luque Francisco
Published: May 2020

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) was one of the first plant species in history to be domesticated. Throughout olive domestication, gene expression has undergone drastic changes that may affect tissue/organ-specific genes. This is an RNA-seq study of the transcriptomic activity of different tissues/organs from adult olive tree cv. “Picual” under field conditions. This analysis unveiled 53,456 genes with expression in at least one tissue, 32,030 of which were expressed in all organs and 19,575 were found to be potential housekeeping genes. In addition, the specific expression pattern in each plant part was studied. The flower was clearly the organ with the most exclusively expressed genes, 3529, many of which were involved in reproduction. Many of these organ-specific genes are generally involved in regulatory activities and have a nuclear protein localization, except for leaves, where there are also many genes with a plastid localization. This was also observed in stems to a lesser extent. Moreover, pathogen defense and immunity pathways were highly represented in roots. These data show a complex pattern of gene expression in different organs, and provide relevant data about housekeeping and organ-specific genes in cultivated olive.
Using GIS to Explore the Potential of Business Rating Data to Analyse Stock and Value Change for Land Administration: A Case Study of York
Authors: Greenhalgh Paul , King Helen , Muldoon-Smith Kevin , Adebayo Adejimi , Ellis Josephine
Published: May 2020

This study explores the potential of GIS to map and analyse the distribution, stock and value of commercial and industrial property using rating data compiled for the purposes of charging business rates taxation on all non-residential property in the UK. Rating data from 2010, 2017 and 2019, comprising over 6000 property units in the City of York, were filtered and classified by retail, office and industrial use, before geocoding by post code. Nominal rateable values and floor areas for all premises were aggregated in 100 m diameter hexagonal grid and average rateable value calculated to reveal changes in the distribution and value of all employment floorspace in the City over the last decade. Temporospatial analysis revealed polarisation of York’s retail property market between the historic city centre and out-of-town locations. Segmenting traditional retail from food and drink premises revealed growth in the latter has mitigated the hollowing out of the city core. This study is significant in developing a replicable and efficient method of using GIS, using a nationally available rating dataset, to represent changes in the quantum, spatial distribution and relative value of employment floorspace over time to inform local and national land administration, spatial planning and economic development policy making.
The Montado/Dehesa Cow-Calf Production Systems in Portugal and Spain: An Economic and Resources’ Use Approach
Authors: Costa Freitas Maria de Belém , Ventura-Lucas Maria Raquel , Izquierdo Lola , Deblitz Claus
Published: May 2020

The Montado in Portugal and Dehesa in Spain is a unique agro-silvo-pastoral system designed to overcome food needs in a scarce resource’s environment. The system competitiveness is not clear and it is now under severe threats, caused by extensification or abandonment of less fertile areas and by intensification in more fertile ones. The aim of the undertaken research is to compare the cow-calf production within these systems in Portugal and Spain, identifying their strengths and weaknesses and the main drivers of their evolution, and to compare these systems with other European countries’ systems, ranking their competitiveness and efficiency among other systems in the EU. The research indicates that Montado/Dehesa farms systems are dependent on the type of farming system, its context and management, i.e., on the decision and its context; so, in a context of Mediterranean land system changes, the future of the Montado/Dehesa ecosystem depends on the ability of the cow-calf production systems to face the future and to perceive the modifications needed to overcome new challenges and take advantage of new opportunities.
Novel Hybrid Manufacturing Process of CM247LC and Multi-Material Blisks
Authors: Wang Xiqian , Carter Luke N. , Adkins Nicholas J. E. , Essa Khamis , Attallah Moataz M.
Published: May 2020

The study on CM247LC used the traditional approach for Near-Netshape Hot Isostatic Pressing (NNSHIP) with sacrificial low carbon steel tooling, which was built using Selective Laser Melting (SLM), to produce a shaped CM247LC blisk. The assessment of the microstructure focused on both the exterior components in order to determine the depth of the Fe-diffusion layer and on the interior microstructure. Samples were extracted from the Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIPped) components for tensile testing at both room and elevated temperatures. The components were scanned to assess the geometrical shrinkages due to Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPping). An oversized blisk was also produced based on the measurements as a demonstrator component. In addition, a further study was carried out on a novel idea that used a solid IN718 disk in the centre of the blisk to create a multi-material component.