bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the problem of education of adolescents at risk in a public association in the process of pedagogical counseling
Authors: Sukholentseva Elena , Gulakova Irina , Goltsova Tatyana
Published: November 2019

Nowadays the number of adolescents making up the category of risk group is increasing. These children have a low level of moral qualities, low motivation to achieve, in addition, they are characterized by a low level of formation of communicative-reflective skills, and, accordingly, are not adapted to the realities of modern life. In this connection, it is necessary to search for new modern approaches, institutions of socialization, leveling the quantitative composition of children in this category. Great educational potential for overcoming the existing problems lies in public associations, in particular, in the developed system of pedagogical counseling. The purpose of the article is a description of various approaches to the interpretation of the definition of “adolescents at risk”, the problem of educating adolescents at risk, the author’s view on the problem of educating adolescents at risk in the process of pedagogical counseling in a public association. The methodological basis of the study was the works of various authors in the field of interpretation of the concept of “adolescents at risk”, scientific papers substantiating the educational potential of public associations, retrospective and comparative analysis of regulatory documents and scientific works, the results of pedagogical activity. The definition “adolescents at risk” is substantiated from various points of view; from the author’s position, the possibilities of educating adolescents at risk are possible in the process of pedagogical counseling in a public association. The approaches outlined in the article may be useful to specialists in the field of education, social protection, youth policy working with difficult adolescents and public associations.
Comparative analysis of socialist and bourgeois art in the social philosophical aspect
Authors: Matveeva Alla , Krasnov Roman , Yalunina Ekaterina , Romanov Andrey
Published: November 2019

At the beginning of the XX century, bourgeois theorists of artistic culture declared dehumanization as one of the main features of the modernism art, one of the main tasks of the contemporary artists’ artwork. Getting to the scientific understanding of the complex and complicated phenomena of modern art culture, it is necessary to reveal not only the socio-economic reasons for their appearance; the philosophical prerequisites for the development of modern bourgeois art, the ideological orientation of its movements should be identified. In the article, the authors argue that modern bourgeois aesthetics objectively performs the opposite tasks: a) bourgeois art distracts artists and spectators from pressing issues of life, b) imposes ideals and tastes that are advantageous to the bourgeoisie, c) sow pessimism and disbelief in human forces. According to authors, as opposing the personality of society, bourgeois art contributes to the isolation of human from social problems, from issues and tasks of the struggle for a better future. The authors believe that the disclosure of the reactionary ideological essence for the many directions of modern bourgeois art enables a consistent Marxist aesthetic analysis of the content and form of artwork and the principles of bourgeois artists’ creativity. Naturally, the philosophical idealist teachings and aesthetic systems that make up the theoretical foundation of modern bourgeois art, embodied in its various directions not directly but indirectly. Only a Marxist analysis of artistic phenomena and techniques of artistic creation in their correlation with the creative method makes it possible to reveal the true interconnections of these phenomena and the essence of artistic techniques, makes it possible to detect and criticize scientifically based falsification ideas of bourgeois theoreticians of art.
Die unterschiedlichen Welten der Psychotherapie – ein DACH-Vergleich
Authors: Laireiter Anton-Rupert
Published: November 2019

Die Praxis der Psychotherapie und deren öffentliche Sicht sind stark durch Kontexte bestimmt, innerhalb derer sie angeboten wird. Wie sind hierzu die staatlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Psychotherapie in den deutschsprachigen Ländern Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (= DACH)? Der Beitrag skizziert das Verständnis von Psychotherapie, deren Erscheinung und das Erleben durch PatientInnen und Öffentlichkeit sowie die Identität von PsychotherapeutInnen.
Was ist psychotherapeutische Kompetenz?
Authors: Schauenburg Henning , Flückiger Christoph
Published: November 2019

Das Thema therapeutische Kompetenz ist sehr komplex. Kompetenz umfasst u. a. schulen- und ausbildungsbezogene als auch kulturelle Aspekte, die jedoch oft wenig reflektiert werden. Wir möchten deshalb einmal direkt die zwei in unserem Sprachraum verbreiteten kulturellen Räume gegenüberstellen – in Form eines Dialogs. Orientiert haben wir uns an dem allgemeinen Kompetenzkriterien, wie sie die American Psychological Association 1 vorschlägt (▶Infobox 1).
Therapeutische Kompetenz
Authors: Senger Katharina
Published: November 2019

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Fallbericht ADHS und rezidivierende Depression
Authors: Granic Mara , Krause Sigrid R.-M. , Bonney Helmut , Hähnlein Vera
Published: November 2019

Nach langer Leidensgeschichte kommt ein 41-jähriger Patient mit innerer Unruhe, depressiven Episoden und Wutausbrüchen auf Anregung der Ärztin am Heimatort in die rehabilitative Maßnahme.
Stressverarbeitungstypen unter Patienten in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Otto Josephine , Linden Michael
Published: November 2019

Ziel der Studie Die Folgen von Belastungen sind weniger vom Stressor als von den Stressverarbeitungsstrategien abhängig 1, 2. Alternative Copingformen sind ein emotionales Coping bzw. eine „Regenerationsorientierung“ mit Hinwendung zu Positiven, Fokus auf positiven Emotionen, Ablenkung, Selbstfürsorge und -pflege und Regeneration 3, 4 und andererseits ein problembezogenes Coping bzw. eine „Resistenzorientierung“ mit der Arbeit am Problem, Widerstand gegen Widrigkeiten, „Aushalten von Unwohlsein“ und Fortführen der Handlung bei Schwierigkeiten 5, 6. Personen besitzen potenziell beide Kompetenzen im Sinne eines situativ überdauernden Persönlichkeitsmusters, wobei die Ausprägung der einzelnen Muster unterschiedlich sein kann. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der Verteilung und von Korrelaten von Mustern der Stressbewältigung bei Patienten in der Psychosomatischen Rehabilitation.

Methode Im Rahmen einer Vollerhebung zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt haben N = 607 Patienten einer psychosomatischen Rehabilitationsklinik einen Fragebogen zu den Stressverarbeitungsstategien Regenerations- und Resistenzorientierung („ReRe-Skala“) 7 beantwortet. Anhand dieser Daten wurde eine Clusteranalyse zur Identifikation und Beschreibung von Patiententypen durchgeführt und auf Unterschiede hinsichtlich weiterer Merkmale untersucht.

Ergebnisse Es fanden sich 5 Cluster: Personen mit vorwiegender Resistenzorientierung (17 %), solche mit vorwiegender Regenerationsorientierung (18 %), sowie drei Kombinationstypen mit niedriger (15 %), mittlerer (30 %) und hoher (20 %) Ausprägung sowohl in der Regenerations- wie Resistenzorientierung. Patienten mit einem hohen Score in beiden Skalen und jene mit einer hohen Regenerationsorientierung weisen die geringste Symptombelastung auf, wohingegen eine hohe Resistenzorientierung ohne Regenerationsorientierung mit stärkerer Symptombelastung assoziiert ist.

Fazit für die Praxis Die fünf Cluster erlauben eine sinnvolle Gruppierung der Patienten. Ein hohes Maß an Regenerationsorientierung ist „von Vorteil“ im Sinne einer geringeren Symptombelastung.
One-Pot Access to 2-Aryl-3-(arylmethyl)chromones
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Chen Kuan-Ting , Tsai Yu-Lin , Chen Han-Yu
Published: November 2019

Sodium hydroxide controlled intermolecular double aldol condensation of o-hydroxyacetophenones with 2 equivalents of aryl­aldehydes provides 2-aryl-3-(arylmethyl)chromones (a chimera of flavone and homoisoflavanone) in MeOH at 50 °C under mild conditions. The uses of various bases and solvents are investigated for one-pot facile and efficient transformation. A plausible mechanism is proposed.
Aggressive Angiomyxoma of the Perineum: A Rare Case Entity and Literature Review
Authors: Pandita Sumit , Bashir Irfan , Sharma Manish , Sahu Swarnita
Published: November 2019

Angiomyxomas are soft tissue tumors that are exceedingly rare with very few cases described in literature. They are classified into a less aggressive superficial variant and a deeper aggressive variant commonly called aggressive angiomyxomas (AA). The cross-sectional imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of AA. We report a rare case of Aggressive angiomyxoma in a 28-year-old female.
Supernumerary muscle of tarsal tunnel: a case report
Authors: Basu Rituparna , Baral Karabi , Sarkar Jayantu Sarkar , Ray Kousbik , Mistry Bileswar
Published: November 2019

Supernumerary muscles are an infrequent fmding during dissections around the ankle. This report focusses on the finding of one such muscle which was found in the tarsal tunnel of the left lower limb unilaterally during routine dissection of a 70 year old male cadaver in Bankura Sammilani Medical College, West Bengal.This supernumerary muscle had a single head of origin from the flexor hallucis longus and posterior intermuscular septum and was traced to its insertion into the flexor digitorum accessorius in the sole and hence was named flexor digitorum accessorius longus, and its relations with the neurovascular bundle were noted. Flexor digitorum accessorius longus may be a cause of tarsal tunnel syndrome so it should be kept in mind during its management. It may also produce symptoms mimicking soft tissue tumors. Thus knowledge of this muscle will be of utmost importance to anatomists, clinicians, radiologists and athletes.
Cadaveric study of branching pattern of left coronary artery
Authors: M. Sobana , PS Chitra
Published: November 2019

Background and aim: The branching pattern of vascular system has been the subject of much discussion and debate since it was first suggested that these systems have fractal architecture. Coronary arteries of human heart and their branching pattern have been the subject of particular attention among researchers. Hence, this study of branching pattern ofleft coronary artery (LCA) has been undertaken to highlight the variations of branches of left coronary arterial system. Material and methods: The study material consisted of 50 heart specimens obtained from the cadavers of Anatomy and Forensic departments which were studied by the conventional dissection method. Results: Left posterior aortic sinus gave origin to left coronary artery in all specimens with 90% ostium being below the level of sinotubular junction (STJ). Nearly 50% specimens were of the length ranging between 6-lOmm.Left coronary artery bifurcated into its two main branches in 62%, trifurcated in 32% and quadfurcated in 6%. Among the 16 trifurcating specimens, in five specimens the diagonal artery was seen at the junction of its two main branches, in 11 specimens the diagonal artery was found arising from the anterior interventricular artery and an additional branch the "Median Artery" was seen at the junction. Conclusion : Recent technical advances in the study of coronary arteries make it necessary for all angiographers and cardiac surgeons to be familiar with the variants of left coronary artery branching pattern.
Incomplete ascent of left kidney with non rotation-a rare congenital anomaly
Authors: Dahiphale Varsha Prabhakar , Selukar Mangesh Santram , Sudke Geetanjali Bhagawanrao , Kulkarni Promod Raghunath
Published: November 2019

Anomalies of the urinary system form a significant portion of the congenital malformation as a whole. Anomalies of kidney have been frequently reported. Anomalies may occur in number, position, shape, size and rotation ofkidney. Structural, positional and vascular anomalies are the most frequently reported. Rotational anomalies form a rare entity not cited in most of the embryology text books. Now a days knowledge of variations in kidney position, rotation and variations in renal vessels are becoming more important due to gradual increase in interventional radiological procedures, urological and vascular operations and renal transplantation. In tbis paper a rare case of incomplete ascent and non rotation of left kidney is reported during routine dissection of 55 year old male cadaver.An attempt has been made to systematically document these variations and give possible explanation for the same. The detailed knowledge of these morphological variations will be useful for many urological and radiological procedures.
How successful African-American male leaders in predominately White Organizations integrate spirituality with leadership practice
Authors: Small Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

Using Critical Race Theory, this article presents findings from a hermeneutic phenomenological study to explore the leadership experiences of five African-American men in senior-level positions in predominately White organizations (PWO) located in the U.S. This study will show that as a result of the intersectionality of race, gender, and religion, African-American male leaders encounter various challenges born out of White privilege expressed through racially insensitive micro-aggressions. A phenomenological interpretative analysis of participants’ semi-structured interviews concluded that African-American spirituality provided the self-determination and resiliency to transcend fluid racial narratives, ideologies, and discourse embedded in the culture of a PWO. Findings from this study broaden contemporary leadership theory taking into account the intersecting cultural dynamics and experiences of successful African-American male leaders who integrate spirituality into their leadership practice.
Superconducting dome driven by intervalley phonon scattering in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Yu Xiang-Long , Wu Jiansheng
Published: November 2019

We combine first-principles calculations, a three-band tight-binding model, and Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory to explore the physical mechanism for a dome-shaped dependence of superconducting transition temperature of monolayer MoS2 on electron doping concentration, which has been observed experimentally (2012 Science
338 1193). We find that in the process of doping more electrons contribute to superconducting pairing, but above some doping value the effective attractive interaction decreases so greatly that it starts to reduce the pairing strength, forming a superconducting dome. Therefore, the dome behavior can be attributed to the competition between the growing Fermi pocket (corresponding to an increase of the number of intervalley phonon scatterings) and the screened intervalley phonon scattering (corresponding to a decrease of scattering probability).
Effects of multiple elastic and inelastic scattering on energy-resolved contrast in Kikuchi diffraction
Authors: Vos M , Winkelmann A
Published: November 2019

Energy-resolved Kikuchi patterns for silicon crystals were measured for 30 keV electrons in a reflection geometry. The amount of contrast seen depends strongly on both the geometry and the energy loss. For geometries where the outgoing trajectory is glancing with the surface, the contrast is maximum for zero loss, decreases with larger energy losses and for energy losses over 1 keV, a reversal of the contrast is observed. For geometries where the incoming beam is glancing, the contrast first gradually increases with energy loss and decreases slowly for losses larger than 100 eV. Under these conditions contrast reversal was not seen. These observations are modelled using the cross sections of the various elastic and inelastic processes involved.
Image Processing Framework for Face Detection and Face Swapping in Group Photo Refinement
Authors: Zhang Min , Huang Yuxuan , Wang Yanze , Xue Jing
Published: November 2019

As the trend of big data and increasingly widespread social networking sites, people are enjoying sharing their daily lives by displaying selfies or group photos online, creating large amount of data, which indicates great effort that online servers or applications may have to spend to edit and process personal photographs. However, human face processing requires elaborate skill that is time-consuming if is operated manually. while image processing, as a crucial research area in fields of AI (Artificial Intelligence), plays its indispensable role of setting us free from these repetitive routines. In order to solve existing problems, this paper proposes a relatively reliable and complete framework to refine photos of human facial expressions of emotions among a set of group photos both partially and wholly based on existing techniques of face detection and face swapping. In addition, this framework also involves procedures of extraction of face features relied on Dlib library. Finally, a set of experimental results and relevant statics are displayed to indicate some future works that have to be carried out.
Field dependence of magnetooptic effect in magnetic colloid with superparamagnetic particles
Authors: Yerin C , Vivchar V
Published: November 2019

The field dependences of magnetic birefringence in two samples of magnetic fluid with different average particle size are investigated. It is established that the dependences of magnetic birefringence are parabolic. Significant difference in experimental data and calculations using the single-particle birefringence model was found. The experimental results are interpreted by the polydispersity of the particles in the samples, as well as by the presence of small aggregates with a partially compensated magnetic moment.
One-loop amplitudes of charged fermions in constant homogeneous electromagnetic fields
Authors: Dobrynina A.A. , Karabanov I.V. , Parkhomenko A. Ya. , Vassilevskaya L. A.
Published: November 2019

The correlator of vector and tensor fermionic currents is considered as the concrete example of the two-point one-loop amplitudes modified by a constant homogeneous magnetic field. The crossed-field limit of this correlator is found. The tensor current is a fermionic part of the Pauli Lagrangian relevant for the electromagnetic interaction of fermions through the anomalous magnetic moment. Under assumption that this interaction enters the effective QED Lagrangian, the contribution to the photon polarization operator linear in AMM is calculated.
The beam test of anticoincidence scintillation detector prototype with SiPM readout and perspectives of GRBs studies for space-based gamma-ray telescope GAMMA-400
Authors: Arkhangelskiy A I , Galper A M , Arkhangelskaja I V , Bakaldin A V , Chasovikov E N , Chernysheva I V , Dalkarov O D , Egorov A E , Gusakov Yu V , Kheymits M D , Leonov A A , Pappe N Yu , Runtso M F , Stozhkov Yu I , Suchkov S I , Topchiev N P , Yurkin Y T
Published: November 2019

The GAMMA-400 project will be the new generation of satellite gamma-observatory. GAMMA-400 space-based gamma-ray telescope represents the core of the scientific complex intended to perform a search for signatures of dark matter in the cosmic gamma-emission, measurements of diffuse gamma-emission characteristics, investigation of extended and point gamma-ray sources, studying of high energy component of gamma-ray bursts and solar flares emission. Four fast plastic sub-detectors of the gamma-ray telescope are included in fast trigger logic in the main telescope aperture. This aperture expected angular and energy resolution are ∼0.01° and ∼1-2% respectively for gammas with the energy >100 GeV and electron/protons rejection factor ∼5-105. Prototype of anticoincidence detector based on long BC-408 scintillators with SiPM readout for gamma-ray telescope was tested on a 300 MeV secondary positron beam of synchrotron C-25P «PAKHRA» of Lebedev Physical Institute in Russia. The measurement setup, design concepts for the prototype detector and chosen solutions together with some test results are discussed. Two other apertures (additional and lateral) allow analyzing transient events not required precision angular resolution, for examples, GRBs and solar flares. Similar plastics sub-detectors included in their fast trigger logic. Using of all three apertures allows making more effective observations of GRBs (better signal to noise ratio), more detailed study of its high energy afterglow due long term measurements (because of high apogee orbit provides low background variations with time) and detailed analysis of the sources luminosity variability (spectral, angular and temporal).
Can multi-strategy management stabilize nitrate leaching under increasing rainfall?
Authors: Martinez-Feria Rafael , Nichols Virginia , Basso Bruno , Archontoulis Sotirios
Published: November 2019

The increased spring rainfall intensity and amounts observed recently in the US Midwest poses additional risk of nitrate (NO3) leaching from cropland, and contamination of surface and subsurface freshwater bodies. Several individual strategies can reduce NO3 loading to freshwater ecosystems (i.e. optimize N fertilizer applications, planting cover crops, retention of active cycling N), but the potential for synergistic interactions among N management practices has not been fully examined. We applied portfolio effect (PE) theory, a concept originally developed for financial asset management, to test whether implementing multiple N management practices simultaneously produces more stable NO3 leaching mitigation outcomes than what would be predicted from implementing each practice independently. We analyzed simulated data generated using a validated process-based cropping system model (APSIM) that covers a range of soils, weather conditions, and management practices. Results indicated that individual management practices alone explained little of the variation in drainage NO3 loads but were more influential in the amount of residual soil NO3 at crop harvest. Despite this, we observed a general stabilizing effect from adopting well-designed multi-strategy approaches for both NO3 loads and soil NO3 at harvest, which became more pronounced in years with high spring rainfall. We use the PE principle to design multi-strategy management to reduce and stabilize NO3 leaching, which resulted in 9.6% greater yields, 15% less NO3 load, and 61% less soil NO3 at harvest than the baseline typical management. Our results make the case for applying the PE to adapt NO3 leaching mitigation to increased climate variability and change, and guide policy action and on-the-ground implementation.
Quantifying the return on investment of social and ecological data for conservation planning
Authors: Field Christopher R , Elphick Chris S
Published: November 2019

The interdisciplinary nature of conservation problems is increasingly being incorporated into research, raising fundamental questions about the relative importance of the different types of knowledge and data. Although there has been extensive research on the development of methods and tools for conservation planning, especially spatial planning, comparatively little is known about the relative importance of ecological versus non-ecological data for prioritization, or the likely return on investment of incorporating better data. We demonstrate a simple approach for (1) quantifying the sensitivity of spatial planning results to different ecological and non-ecological data layers, and (2) estimating the potential gains in efficiency from incorporating additional data. Our case study involves spatial planning for coastal squeeze, a process by which development blocks coastal ecosystems from moving landward in response to sea-level rise. We show that incorporating spatial data on landowners’ likelihood of selling had little effect on identifying relative priorities but drastically changed the outlook for whether conservation goals could be achieved. Better data on the costs of conservation actions had the greatest potential to improve the efficiency of spatial planning, in some cases generating more than an order of magnitude greater cost savings compared to ecological data. Our framework could be applied to other systems to guide the development of spatial planning and to identify general rules of thumb for the importance of alternative data sources for conservation problems in different socio-ecological contexts.
The influence of soil matric pressure on the acidity and cation composition of soil solutions extracted by different methods
Authors: Anisimov V S , Sanzharov A I , Korneev Yu N , Anisimova L N , Frigidov R A , Kochetkov I V , Frigidova L M , Pimenov E P , Edomskaya M A
Published: November 2019

From the samples of gradually drying (beginning from the field moisture capacity, FMC) soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil (Albic Retisol (Loamic, Ochric)) contaminated with Zn were isolated the soil solutions (SS) by centrifugation, while from the other samples of the soil, moistened to FMC, various energy fractions of the SS were pressed using a hydraulic press. The acidity of the centrifuge solutions extracted from the soil of the experiment variant with the cultivation of plants (“barley”) was, on average, 1 pH higher than on “bare fallow”, and decreased with decreasing soil moisture content. The acidity of the solutions extracted from the soils of the “bare fallow” variant in the same range of soil moisture content practically did not change. It was also found that in more acidic solutions from the “bare fallow” variant the content of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and K was 2.4 – 6.9 times higher than the content of these metals in solutions from the “barley” variant. The positive correlation between pF and pH was clearly observed for the pressed solutions from the soils of both variants. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba,Zn, K and Na in successively pressed fractions of SSs from more acidic soil of the “bare fallow” variant, on average, 3.0 – 8.4 times exceeded their concentrations in similar fractions of solutions of the “barley” variant and showed an inverse correlation with soil moisture (pF value).
Monitoring-based investigation of Cambisols moisture regimes for areas in autonomous relief positions
Authors: Antsiferova O A
Published: November 2019

In 2012 - 2018 water regime monitoring was carried out at two areas of Cambisols (non-gleyic and Gleyic) in autonomous relief positions (hill tops) of the Sambian hilly moraine plain (Kaliningrad region). Differences between soils in duration of the desiccation period (moisture content < lento-capillary point) and overmoistening period (moisture content > field capacity) in the 0 - 20 cm and 0 - 100 cm layers are established. Formation of zones with critical air supply (aeration porosity below 10%) has been studied.
Thermal diffusivity of peat-sand mixtures
Authors: Arkhangelskaya T A , Gvozdkova A A
Published: November 2019

Thermal diffusivity of peat, quartz sand, and their mixtures was studied at different water contents using the unsteady-state method. Quartz content in studied samples was 0.00 m3m−3 (pure peat), 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.55, and 0.62 m3m−3 (pure sand). Thermal diffusivity of air-dry samples varied from 0.6×10−7 m2s−1 for pure peat to 7.0×10−7 m2s−1 for pure sand. Thermal diffusivity of moist samples grew by two-four times as compared to dry samples. Small amounts of quartz material with separate sand particles distributed within the peat didn’t contribute much to the heat transfer through the studied media, and the thermal diffusivity of mixtures with quartz contents of 0.05 and 0.10 m3m−3 was practically the same as that for pure peat. Vice versa, there were pronounced differences in thermal diffusivities between the samples with quartz contents of 0.55 and 0.62 m3m−3. It means that addition of small amounts of peat to the sand material results in significant lessening of thermal diffusivity. We assume that there is a kind of threshold between the quartz contents of 0.10 and 0.15 m3m−3, after which the continuous sandy chains are formed within the peat, which can serve as preferential paths of heat transport.
Particle-size distribution and heavy metals accumulation in soils of Rostov-on-Don
Authors: Bezuglova O S , Gorbov S N , Okolelova A A , Salnik N V , Tagiverdiev S S , Plachov G A
Published: November 2019

The surface horizons of the soils of traffic areas of Rostov-on-Don are characterized almost twice higher content of soil particles from 1 mm to 0,01 mm than native chernozems. The higher anthropogenic load provides the higher the content of sand fractions in the particle-size distribution. The accumulation of heavy metals (HM) in urban soils of roadside areas is relatively small, which is also due to a decrease of the soil sorption capacity. Significant excess of the estimated permissible concentrations was detected only for zinc and lead, and the higher the pollution level, the weaker the correlation between the particle size distribution and the HM content. This is justified by the influence of external factors on the accumulation rate of chemical elements.
Principles and methods of complex agrophysical researches
Authors: Goncharov V M , Lipatov D N , Tymbaev V G , Butylkina M A , Faustova E V , Mazirov M A
Published: November 2019

The soil cover of the Vladimir Opole was investigated by the method of long (up to 40–50 meters long and 1.5 m deep) transects. Four Qualifiers of Phaeozem (PH) were morphologically identified: albic, gleyic densic, grayzemic and PH cambic with the 2nd humus horizon. Agrophysical studies of soils in transects included layer-by-layer determination (every 20–40 cm along the trench, and at depths 0, 20, 40, 60 and 100 cm) of soil density, water permeability, and penetration resistance. The soil compaction (up to 1.57 g cm−3) was observed, which was especially pronounced in a layer of 20–25 cm and connected with the agrotechnological impact. Simultaneously, friable (<1 g cm−3) and, therefore, zones with high moisture capacity confined to PH with 2nd humus horizon, showing that the change in agrophysical properties in the soil cover occurs gradually, continuously and regularly and is determined by both pedogenetic and agrotechnological factors.
The influence of prehistory and chemical properties of soils on their allelotoxicity
Authors: Gorepekin I V , Isakova S A , Fedotova M F , Fedotov G N
Published: November 2019

The influence of prehistory and chemical properties of soils on their allelotoxicity was studied. 12 soil samples of East-European Plain, 6 seeds’ cultivars of spring wheat and seeds of barley, rye and triticale were used in the research. It was found that all studied cereals are inhibited by soil allelotoxins according to the revealed regularity. Soil samples from territories of agricultural use are characterized by a greater allelotoxicity compared with fallow and forest areas. Experimental data suggest that crop rotation applying not always able to reduce soil fatigue. For this reason, it is necessary to assess the real soil fatigue (soil allelotoxicity) when using the crop rotation.
Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of soil cover in Baikal area and its impact on the development of agriculture in the region
Authors: Granina N I , Martynova N A , Kiseleva N D
Published: November 2019

The soil cover of the territory of Baikal region is characterized by a significant variety, and the structure of soil cover – by a high complexity due to complex geological history of the region, to the influence of tectonic processes of the Baikal rift zone, to the wide spread of young mountain systems, island permafrost and other factors. Distribution of loess rocks at the territory of the forest-steppe zone of Baikal region contributes to the genesis of fertile soils, but increases the heterogeneity of soil cover, which should be considered in agricultural land use.
Solid phase characteristics of the Greyzemic Phaeozems Albic as a reflection of their polygenesis (Bryansk region, Russia)
Authors: Kovaleva N O , Kovalev I V
Published: November 2019

The solid phase of Greyzemic Phaozems Albic was studied in the paper as an archive of palaeoenvironmental information. Textural differentiation of soil profiles was observed by the granulometric fractions content. The features of second humus horizon formation were described based on water regime, granulometric composition, mineralogy, porosity, specific surface area studying. Such characteristics as texture similarity index and loessation coefficient are also involved for this purpose.
Cryogenic processes in soils of chalky landscapes in steppe zone south of the Orenburg region
Authors: Kovda I , Ryabukha A , Polyakov D
Published: November 2019

Specific microrelief marked by white chalky spots at the soil surface was studied in Volga-Ural region. The microrelief was described and soil features were studied in a soil trench across the microrelief including morphology and further micromorphology in the thin sections with the aim to better understand the genesis and functioning of chalky polygons, and to testify the hypothesis of their cryogenic origin. Wide range of cryogenic features was found both at macro- and microscale. Some are expected to be relict, while the other features are supported or formed by modern cryogenic processes. The further investigation of the temperature regime is planned to investigate the spatial diversity and role of winter freezing in the modern squeezing of wet powdery chalky material to the soil surface.
Filtered forms of prokaryotes and bacteriophages in soil concretions
Authors: Lysak L V , Konova I A , Lapygina E V , Soina V S , Chekin M R
Published: November 2019

In Albic Retisols, Stagnic Fluvisols and Gleyic Fluvisols processes of ferriferous and manganese transformation follows rather active, that create new ecological niches for soil microorganisms.The study of concretions in the Albic Retisols, Stagnic Fluvisols and Gleyic Fluvisols showed, that the most characteristic feature of the prokaryotic community was the higher number and diversity of recoverable bacteria in comparison with the same indexes in the host horizons. The representatives of phylumProteobacteria(classGammaproteobacteriaandDeltaproteobacteria) were dominant in the microbial communities in studied concretions. For the first time, the bacteriophages were found in concretions among them tailed phages were dominant. The method of the high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allowed to reveal the variability of the prokaryotic community in concretions of the Albic Retisol (Cutanic, Siltic), which was characterized predominantly by 7 bacterial phyla and 2 archaea phyla Both groups of organisms typical of soils and prokaryotes capable of transformation of iron and manganese under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were revealed in soil concretions. The specific characteristic of the studied soil concretions was a widespread occurrence of filtered bacterial forms, which may be considered as specific survival forms in soil loci.
Application of a three-dimensional model to assess the effect of clear-cutting on carbon dioxide exchange at the soil - vegetation - atmosphere interface
Authors: Mukhartova Yu V , Dyachenko M S , Mangura P A , Mamkin V V , Kurbatova J A , Olchev A V
Published: November 2019

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to derive the spatial patterns of the air flows and CO2fluxes within and around a recently clear-cut area. Results of modeling experiments show a strong influence of the clear-cut on the spatial air flow and vertical and horizontal CO2flux patterns. The CO2fluxes at the soil surface, within and above a forest canopy varied significantly depending on weather conditions, prevailed wind direction and influenced by the geometry and size of the forest clearing, tree density and the distance from the forest edges. The rates of horizontal CO2exchange near the ground surface especially within the downwind forest area and at the leeward forest edge were relatively large and comparable with vertical CO2fluxes.
Multi-scale soil-landscape maps as the basis of geographic information systems for soil melioration
Authors: Nikiforova A A , Fleis M E , Kazantsev N N
Published: November 2019

The necessity of creating multi-scale soil-landscape maps for making scientifically based decisions on soil melioration at all levels is substantiated. Multi-scale soil-landscape maps are called a system of interrelated maps of all scale ranges, obtaining automatically from expert integral polygonal layers, having a single classification basis, containing integrated information about soils and landscapes and displaying soils not only as independent natural bodies (that is, systems) but also as derived elements of landscape systems. The ways of integrating heterogeneous information about soils and landscapes contained in cartographic and textual sources are named. The concept of “global data integration” is revealed and the importance of its implementation in relation to the soil and landscapes is emphasized. The advantages of multi-scale soil-landscape maps are shown in comparison with traditional and modern digital soil maps, which are due to the use of the genetic hierarchical Soil-Landscape Classification System as the classification basis.
Technology of creating soils of natural zones in “Zaryadye Park” in Moscow
Authors: Rappoport A V , Umarova A B , Butylkina M A , Kutyeva E V
Published: November 2019

When creating “Zaryadye Park” in the center of Moscow, the tasks of creating soil constructions and artificial plantations were solved. The task was to form landscape-analogs of all natural zones of the European territory of Russia from tundra to subtropics in one small park in the center of Moscow. Based on the climatic conditions of the city, the selected range of plants, recreational load and the regime of visiting the park, a certain structure of soil cover was suggested, which is formed on the roof of underground constructions. The creation of fertile substrate and vegetation cover lasted from October 2016 till June 2017. 2 months after the planting had been completed, the first determination of soil properties in various types of forest stands was carried out.
Formation of microaggregates in kaolinite suspension inoculated by Bacillus velezensis (SEM-investigations)
Authors: Shein E V , Verkhovtseva N V , Bykova G S , Suslenkova M M
Published: November 2019

Kaolinite suspensions were inoculated by microorganisms (Bacillus velezensis) for 2 months. During the period of inoculation the formation of microaggregates of a certain shape and size was traced by electron microscopy. During the experiment the initially predominant planar structure was partially transformed. The newly-formed large (up to 250 µm in diameter) organo-mineral aggregate-like particles were registered. We suppose that during the 2-month period of incubation B. velezensis microorganisms partially destroyed the crystal structure of minerals to obtain the vitally necessary potassium. The protein compounds produced by bacteria hydrophobized the surface of the minerals which resulted in the formation of organo-mineral aggregates by bonds of hydrophobic-hydrophilic interaction.
Electrical characteristics of soils as affected by hydromorphic salinization (case study of the Upper Volga region)
Authors: Simonova J V , Rusakov A V
Published: November 2019

The relationships between the electrical resistivity and the properties of hydromorphic saline soils forming in a humid climate were established. The salinity factor turned out to be the most significant for the value of electrical resistivity compared to soil texture and organic matter content.
Saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of synthetic gel structures in coarse textured soil substrates
Authors: Smagin A V , Sadovnikova N B , Shnyrev N A , Kokoreva A A , Sidorova M A
Published: November 2019

Saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity as a function of a thermodynamic potential (pressure) of soil water K(P) are investigated in the sandy samples with admixtures of strongly swelling polymer hydrogels (SSPHs) in a wide concentration range from 0.01 to 0.3 %SSPHs. The author’s original centrifugation method has been used along with a kinetic model of the water removal process, which enables to determine the function of water conductivity of gel compositions operating in an unsteady state. In saturation state and within the range of low absolute values of soil water pressure |P| = 0.3-20 kPa the SSPHs significantly (2-10 up to 50 times) reduced the hydraulic conductivity in proportion to the dose of a superabsorbent. A heterogeneous layered structure with a layer of pure gel or gel composition 0.1-0.3% SSHP reduces the saturated conductivity by 10-80 times.In the range | P | = 100-3020 kPa, the K(P) function, on the contrary, strongly increased up to 10–20 times under the action of SSPHs. The calculation of K(P) using the Mualem theory disagrees with our experimental estimation, especially in a range of low water content, where such a calculation strongly (up to 100-1000 times) underestimates the values of K(P).
Pros and cons of no-till technology in a long-term field experiment on sod-podzolic soil
Authors: Zhelezova S V , Melnikov A V , Ananiev A A
Published: November 2019

In a ten-year field experiment the technologies of conventional tillage (Plowing) and resource- and soil-saving treatment (No-till and Mini-till) were compared. The pros and cons of the No-tillage in the condition of temperate humid zone on the sod-podzolic soil are shown. The cons are: significant increase of soil density, lower crop biomass, higher weed infestation, an increase of pesticides application. The pros are increased soil moisture storage capacity, potential stability of cereal crop yield and economic benefits on grain production.
Temperature regime of the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil under different tillage systems and crops
Authors: Zhelezova S V
Published: November 2019

In the field experiment there was studied the seasonal temperature regime of the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil under different soil treatment. It was shown that soil treatment (conventional plowing and No-till technology) did not have a significant effect on the topsoil temperature regime. Seasonal and daily temperature variations in topsoil depended on the location of the soil temperature measurement point, on the distance from the windbreak forest belts and on the crop coverage of the soil.
Soil conditions and the iron chlorosis of mature vine
Authors: Yutsis A E , Zhelezova S V , Dammer K-H
Published: November 2019

Iron-deficiency chlorosis is a usual routine problem on calcareous carbonated soils of Crimea. Different reasons cause vine chlorosis: soil properties, physiological status of plants and others. It was shown that chlorosis spot in the vineyard has constant location. Chlorosis can be identified visually and instrumentally. In this study, an attempt was made to find the relationship between soil electrical resistance and the spread of vine chlorosis.
Research on Spatial Structure Evolution of Suburban Traffic Network Under the Background of Urbanization Based on Space Syntax
Authors: Zhang Chunxiao , Huang He , Cao Xingqu , Shen Guangzhe
Published: November 2019

In the process of urbanization, a large number of rural land in suburbs has been converted into urban construction land, and its spatial structure has undergone significant changes. This paper takes Sansheng xiang in the suburbs of Chengdu from 1985 to 2015 as the research object, combined spatial syntactic theory to study the spatial structure evolution characteristics of land in the suburbs during the urbanization. The conclusions are obtained as follows: (1) the spatial accessibility, permeability and utilization rate of the study area have been significantly improved, also the spatial form has evolved from a dendrite to a grid type. The spatial integration degree, connectivity and depth values are optimized to 2.62 times, 3.62 times, 4.52 times compared with the original. (2) The driving factors of spatial evolution mainly include: population mobility, economic scale, building area, and industrial structure, all of which show a good fit to the evolution of spatial structure. (3) In combination with the spatial syntactic theory, the spatial structure optimization micro-intervention method is proposed. By studying the fitting relationship among the spatial integration degree, the connection degree and the axial length, some inefficient space units are found. Besides, the optimization suggestion method is proposed.
Biodegradable Polymer Composite based on Recycled Polyurethane and Finished Leather Waste
Authors: Laurentia Alexandrescu , Viorica Deselnicu , Maria Sonmez , Mihai Georgescu , Mihaela Nituica , Corina Deselnicu Dana , Xioyan Pang
Published: November 2019

The issue of polluting waste has been addressed over the years by means of several methods: depollution, recovery by reuse and/or energy recycling and/or mechanical and/or chemical recycling. In the integrated plastic waste management concept, along with these methods are included the possibilities of reducing the quantities by using biodegradable polymeric materials. The goal paper is to recover footwear waste after use: polymer and finished leather by making new biodegradable polymeric composites. The waste is ground to 1-5 mm and compounded by melt extrusion-granulation, processable by injection into new products (footwear soles) with pre-established advanced features. Biodegradable polymer composite based on post-consumption thermoplastic polyurethane (WTPU) waste compounded with post-consumption finished leather waste, ground and functionalized. This composite will be made into a low-density product, with low cost, recovery and reuse of waste, containing both polymer and protein, and last but not least, biodegradable. The methodology for making the new materials involves the following steps: sorting waste, grinding, functionalization and compounding. These operations are easy to manage and do not involve new equipment. Compounding, the most important operation, will be carried out on a corotating twin-screw extruder-granulator with the possibility of adapting the length of the screw depending on the material (L/D-35). Waste transformation (ground and functionalized) in new value-added products will lead to remarkable improvements in the life cycle of raw materials and the sustainable use of this waste, contributing to sustainability, improving eco-efficiency and economic efficiency and reducing the “pressure” of waste on the environment.