bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA PROTECCIÓN DEL DERECHO A LA EDUCACIÓN MEDIANTE LA SENTENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL QUE DECLARA EL ESTADO DE COSAS INCONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Ignacio Velazco Wilder
Published: September 2020

El Tribunal Constitucional en los últimos años ha venido emitiendo sentencias que declaran estado de cosas inconstitucional cuando advierte que se produce vulneración sistemática de los derechos fundamentales, concretamente, este órgano tuvo la oportunidad de declarar estado de cosas inconstitucional un caso indicando que se debía garantizar la disponibilidad y accesibilidad a la educación de personas de extrema pobreza del ámbito rural, ello a raíz de que constató que este sector de la población no gozaba de acceso a la educación. La problemática abordada fue el impacto que tienen este tipo de sentencias en la eficacia y respeto de los derechos fundamentales. Los métodos utilizados fueron el análisis documental y el interpretativo. Los resultados a los que se arribaron fueron: (i) el Tribunal Constitucional emplea este tipo de sentencias para brindar protección a la afectación de derechos fundamentales de carácter social –situación de vulneración sistemática de derechos y que los titulares son varias personas–, (ii) las sentencias sirven para exhortar a que el órgano o el poder público cumpla con sus obligaciones constitucionales y legales, y, (iii) la justicia constitucional hace seguimiento a sus sentencias para verificar si se ha cumplido con lo ordenado en la sentencia.
PALABRAS CENTRALES DEL DECANO POR EL 38 ANIVERSARIO DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURIDICAS Y POLITICAS DE LA UNA-PUNO
Authors: Espezúa Salmón Boris Gilmar
Published: September 2020

Dr.  Peter Manzaneda, Director de Departamento.  Dr. Carlos Ramírez. Director de Escuela. Dr. Juan Casazola Director de la Unidad de Postgrado en Derecho. Dra. Diana Dueñas, Directora de la Oficina de Investigación. Apreciados Colegas docentes, compañeros administrativos, estimados estudiantes  de nuestra Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas. El 8 de agosto de todos los años celebramos nuestro aniversario desde hace 38 años atrás. Y es motivo para rememorar una trayectoria espléndida que hemos tenido, pero también para visionar el futuro que tenemos que surcar. Y es en esa perspectiva que tenemos que saber enrumbar nuestras acciones para que mantengamos por un lado el pedestal de prestigio y reconocimiento social que con esfuerzo y dedicación lo hemos obtenido, pero también por otro lado despuntar mejores horizontes a fin de constituirnos en la mejor Facultad de Derecho del sur del Perú, porque las condiciones académicas, como las humanas nos permitirán alcanzar mejores y elevadas cumbres de progreso y consolidación, con lo cual no es un despropósito anhelar dicha meta.
LA DEFENSA EXTRAJUDICIAL DE LA POSESIÓN: UN ANÁLISIS IMPOSTERGABLE
Authors: Ticona Yanqui José Luis
Published: September 2020

La finalidad del presente trabajo, de carácter eminentemente cualitativo, es analizar la institución jurídica civil de la defensa extrajudicial de la posesión en el país, considerando a la misma como un método de autocomposición de conflictos de posesión, incidiendo en su importancia como herramienta de solución de conflictos de intereses particulares y de disipar incertidumbres jurídicas. La metodología utilizada es básicamente de carácter descriptiva – explicativa y exegética, pues se analiza la evolución de la legislación peruana respecto a la defensa extrajudicial de la posesión. Los comentarios y resultados obtenidos nos permiten concluir que la actual norma que regula la defensa extrajudicial de la posesión no es coherente con los hechos que se van presentado en la realidad social, lo que resulta preocupante, porque nos permite percibir que las normas civiles peruanas se están regulando no considerando las expectativas de la sociedad y las graves consecuencias jurídicas que las mismas podrían generar.
A possibilidade da constituição do ser matemático no agir comunicativo
Authors: Silva Fernando Siqueira da , Feil Gabriel Sausen
Published: September 2020

Na forma de uma reflexão filosófica, nosso objetivo, neste artigo, é fazer um comparativo entre duas situações hipotéticas de uma aula de matemática, diante de um suposto problema de matemática proposto aos alunos. A primeira situação hipotética é a mais corriqueira e muito difundida entre nós; ela apresenta traços de uma aula tradicional, em que as soluções são dadas, predominantemente, pelo professor, o qual talvez desconsidere o trabalho matemático da maioria dos alunos. Uma herança de um modelo pedagógico que predominou no ensino da matemática durante muito tempo e que ainda assim apresenta alguns de seus traços. A segunda situação hipotética representa uma outra possibilidade, uma aula centrada no agir comunicativo onde os alunos interagem uns com os outros e, cooperativamente, buscam uma solução para um problema; situação oposta à primeira, em que os atos de fala não são mais predominantemente os do professor, passando a serem considerados todos os atores no entorno da comunicação; Portanto, um encontro distinto do tradicional em que os alunos adquirem a possibilidade de se constituírem em um ser matemático, uns para os outros, alunos para outros alunos, alunos para o seu professor. As duas situações comparadas neste texto, embora de maneira hipotética, idealizada, exemplificativa, refletem distintas representações de nosso fazer pedagógico e permitem uma reflexão sobre nossas relações interpessoais estabelecidas. Estamos de acordo com a segunda situação, pois entendemos que a constituição do ser matemático adquire grande possibilidade se aproximada do agir comunicativo.
Proposições teórico-simbólicas mediadas pela teoria antropológica do didático
Authors: Pereira José Carlos De Souza
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é expor proposições teórico-simbólicas mediadas pela Teoria Antropológica do Didático. As articulações teóricas estabelecidas comtemplam ideias sobre o estudo de obras, sistema didáticos, esquema herbartiano e milieu. A perspectiva dessas articulações estabelece um percurso metodológico para desenvolvimento de pesquisas vinculadas à Didática da Matemática ou Educação Matemática. Nossas proposições teórico-simbólicas são contributos de uma pesquisa de doutoramento.
“Dança de força”: elementos estruturais em três traduções de Rainer Maria Rilke
Authors: Barreto Matheus
Published: September 2020

No presente artigo, pretendo investigar se e em que medida os elementos estruturais do poema “Der Panther” (“A pantera”) de Rainer Maria Rilke foram recriados por três de seus mais reconhecidos tradutores brasileiros, a saber: por Geir Campos (1924-1999) em 1953, por José Paulo Paes (1926-1998) em 1993 e por Augusto de Campos (1931- ) em 1994. Partindo do pressuposto apresentado por Haroldo de Campos no ensaio “Da tradução como criação e como crítica” (1963), segundo o qual a tradução de poesia seria um trabalho com o “próprio signo, ou seja, sua fisicalidade, sua materialidade mesma” (Campos 34), pretendo apontar primeiramente a importância ainda maior de tais elementos naqueles poemas rilkeanos que, como “Der Panther”, vêm sendo há quase 100 anos descritos pela crítica (Müller 298) como “Dinggedicht” (ou “poema-coisa”); realizando, em seguida, uma breve análise dos elementos estruturais do poema original (aqui entendidos como metro, aliterações, assonâncias, movimento frasal e outros aspectos da materialidade do signo linguístico); para chegar, finalmente, a uma breve leitura comparada das maneiras como os três tradutores lidaram com esses elementos estruturais em suas respectivas traduções para o português.
[Contra un poder tan tirano], duas traduções para Miguel Hernández
Authors: Kahmann Andrea Cristiane
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho apresenta duas propostas de traduções a três décimas espinelas do poeta e dramaturgo espanhol Miguel Hernández Gilabert (Orihuela, 1910 – Alicante, 1942) a que nos referimos pelo primeiro verso [Contra un poder tan tirano]. Ainda que originalmente inclusa na peça El labrador de más aire, de 1937, a poesia é tratada como obra lírica autônoma e traduzida com dois diferentes horizontes, seguindo nomenclatura de García de la Banda: (a) uma tradução da poesia, assim entendida a ocupada de preservar a semântica; (b) uma tradução poética, a qual, apesar de se assumir como tradução, visa a se integrar no sistema poético-alvo, no caso, o sul-rio-grandense, dialogando com a tradição pajadoresca e a (pós-)gauchesca. Ambas propostas, assim como a redação deste artigo, comprometem-se com uma linguagem a que designo “de paz”, evitando expressões ofensivas, discriminatórias ou prejudiciais a grupos de pessoas ou animais.
A tradução enquanto processo
Authors: Mancini Renata
Published: September 2020

Concebidos tradicionalmente em torno de dicotomias bem estabelecidas, os estudos sobre tradução acabam por deixar ainda amplo espaço à construção de um caminho teórico que trate a tradução enquanto processo, não apenas como elemento implícito à existência do produto, mas com uma proposta de conceitos dotados de valor operacional. Ao trazermos a Semiótica discursiva, mais especificamente os recentes desdobramentos da abordagem tensiva de Claude Zilberberg, para dialogar com as questões basilares dos Estudos de Tradução e de Adaptação, temos como ambição apresentar uma reflexão que se liberte da lógica binária das oposições para embarcar nas tensões inerentes aos regimes de dominância de uma lógica participativa. Nossa proposta culmina na afirmação de que o que se traduz é o projeto enunciativo, um “espírito” da obra de partida que molda suas características mais marcantes, do qual emana oque denominamos arco tensivo, um perfil sensível da obra, passível de ser modulado a partir do conjunto de estratégias de textualização de que o enunciador se vale, com suas cifras tensivas subjacentes. Procuramos mostrar que um caminho possível em direção ao interstício da oposição binária pode ser trilhado e aprofundado em várias frentes.
Humorous expression reenacted in translation: the recreation of three characters from Stephen Leacock’s sunshine sketches
Authors: Gonçalves Davi Silva
Published: September 2020

This article on my proposal of an annotated translation of Stephen Leacock’s comic novel Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town (1912) comprises the scrutiny of a rather non-hegemonic and overlooked discursive literary channel: humour. My analysis of the novel and reflection upon some of the excerpts translated elaborate upon the role of the translator as an active agent for the diffusion of epistemologies that deviate from normativity – highlighting how the translation of comic effects contribute to the dissemination of such deviation in time and space.
Traduzir memória: entre o objeto distribuído e a memória multidirecional
Authors: Simões Hugo
Published: September 2020

A ideia de memória de Alfred Gell, presente em seu “Arte e Agência”, que atravessa a biografia da pessoa (entendida não apenas enquanto humana, mas também como o próprio objeto de arte) é posta em diálogo com estudos contemporâneos sobre memória cultural a fim de se debater o papel da tradução na perpetuação do que se quer lembrar. As ideias de media de memória de Aleida Assmann intermedeiam todo o trabalho, sendo a hipótese de que a tradução é um medium de memória o que traça um caminho entre todo o raciocínio aqui desenvolvido. A tradução é aqui estudada em contato direto com a vida, bios, como parte da construção biográfica da pessoa e da obra de arte, ou, especificamente, literária, a fim de realoca-la nos debates sobre memória cultural.
Tradução, diálogo, testemunho: primo Levi e seus tradutores
Authors: Basevi Anna
Published: September 2020

A aventura das numerosas traduções de textos do escritor italiano Primo Levi (1919-1987), sobrevivente de Auschwitz, mas também reconhecido como um grande narrador do século XX, aponta para a importância de uma leitura atenta, competente das questões testemunhais e literárias, capaz de se colocar numa dimensão relacional. Se o ato tradutório pode ser abordado como relação entre textos (Meschonnic) - e não apenas entre línguas -, a solução de impasses ou o enriquecimento que advém da soma do original com seu texto traduzido pode se dar também graças a relações pessoais e de intensa escuta entre escritor e tradutor, ou, se quisermos usar uma expressão ao mesmo tempo química e literária, graças às afinidades eletivas instauradas na leitura (e releitura operada por ambos). Interessantes casos das traduções inglesa e alemã do primeiro texto de Levi, Se questo è un uomo (1947/ 2 ed.1958), serão relatados para compor um quadro panorâmico de sucessos e problemáticas, mas também para introduzir a questão específica da tradução brasileira do livro (editora Rocco, 1988), seus limites e potenciais desafios futuros.
Imagem corporal masculina: revisão integrativa da produção científica latino-americana (2005-2019)
Authors: Martins Alberto Mesaque , Nascimento Adriano Roberto Afonso do
Published: September 2020

Esse estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica latino-americana, dos últimos 15 anos, acerca dos aspectos socioculturais que perpassam a imagem corporal masculina. Na perspectiva das pesquisas de Revisão Integrativa, foram analisados 115 artigos, disponíveis nas bases virtuais Lilacs, SciELO e PePsic, publicados no período entre 2005 a 2019. O conjunto de estudos analisados revela a centralidade dos aspectos socioculturais na construção da imagem corporal masculina e no modo como os homens percebem e utilizam os seus próprios corpos, cotidianamente. Em diferentes contextos, os homens vivenciam uma forte pressão social para adequação dos seus corpos aos padrões hegemônicos de beleza e aos ideais de masculinidades socialmente difundidos e compartilhados, interferindo, assim, em suas percepções acerca de seus próprios corpos e delineando comportamentos alimentares e práticas de exercícios físicos que, muitas vezes, comprometem a saúde.
A transformação didático-pedagógica da ginástica para as crianças pelo “brincar e se-movimentar”
Authors: Costa Andrize Ramires , Rigo Luiz Carlos , Marques Danieli Alves Pereira , Assis Marília Del Ponte de
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do ensaio é refletir e problematizar o “brincar e se-movimentar” na ginástica como possibilidade pedagógica de uma Educação Física centrada no sujeito, perspectivando a ampliação do campo existencial. Considerando que o agir humano é carregado de intencionalidade e conexão entre  corpo-mundo, defende-se uma ginástica que fomente a realização de experiências corporais por meio da resolução de problemas e da participação das crianças nas aulas com autonomia, criatividade e liberdade, permitindo-lhes constituir sentidos outros naquilo que fazem, pensam e sentem, dialogando com o mundo numa aventura saudável que as convida para se desenvolver no decurso de infinitas possibilidades de ação.
Cadê o viado que tava aqui? O preconceito e a discriminação excluíram da quadra de aula
Authors: Correia Mesaque Silva , Carvalho Joanna Hariel Almeida , Silva Geovana Torres da , Silva Italo Marcelo Pedro Amorim e
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo teve como vocação verificar se o tema homossexualidade é problematizado nas aulas de Educação Física, e qual o trabalho desenvolvido pelo professor de Educação Física frente aos alunos homoafetivos. Para tanto, nos apropriamos dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva.Utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada que foi realizada com 10 (dez) professores de Ed. Física que desenvolvem suas atividades docentes em escolas públicas estaduais da cidade de Teresina – PI. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise clássica de conteúdos proposta por Bardin (2011), com a finalidade de sintetização de categorias de análises. Da análise das falas dos depoentes, foi possível extrair quatro categorias de análise: O homoafetivo invisível nas aulas de Educação Física; A homoafetividade como discurso da recusa; A igualdade que descaracteriza o homoafetivo nas aulas de Educação Física e As escolas de muitos e as aulas de algunspoucos. Encontramos, nas escolas, educadores que se dizem (e se sentem) compromissados com o seu fazer profissional, mas mostram-se cegos para as suas ações, principalmente quando questionados sobre as ações didáticas pedagógicas estabelecidas na quadra de aula junto aos alunos homoafetivos. Portanto, conclui-se a não existência de tratos pedagógicos nas aulas de Ed. Física para as atividades corporais referentes à questão da homoafetividade, mesmo com todos os professores verbalizarem ser cientes da presença do homoafetivo em suas aulas. Ao contrário, o que ficou evidente foi um discurso da igualdade que descaracteriza o aluno homoafetivo no decorrer das aulas.
Unusual suspects: Real-time physiological evaluation of stressors during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: Wilson Claire , Chahine Saad , Cristancho Sayra , Aquil Shahid , Mandurah Moaath , Levine Max , Sener Alp
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to document the variability of faculty surgeon electrodermal activity (EDA) peaks during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) to determine the effect of case difficulty and learner expertise on the stress response.

Methods: EDA for a single faculty surgeon was captured over 15 LDN cases using an Empatica E4 wristband. During each case, one of three transplant fellows (novice, intermediate, or expert level LDN expertise) participated. Difficulty was rated preoperatively as “low/moderate/high” by the faculty. EDA peaks were collected and analyzed; the frequency and magnitude of EDA peaks, case difficulty, and fellow expertise were compared using a two-way factorial ANOVA.

Results: The main effects of learner expertise (F[2, 308]=11.27, p<0.001) and difficulty rating (F[2, 414]=15.13, p<0.001) were significant. The interaction between difficulty and expertise on faculty EDA peaks was also significant (F[3, 391]=14.29, p<0.001). The novice fellow resulted in higher faculty EDA levels compared to intermediate and expert fellows on low-difficulty cases, but not moderate- or high-difficulty cases.

Conclusions: This is the first report examining faculty surgeon EDA across cases of varying difficulty and varying learner expertise during a high-stakes operation. EDA levels were inversely proportional to the expertise of the learner and case difficulty, suggestive of a significant impact of learner autonomy on faculty stress response.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 16, No. 10
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: September 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 16, No. 10, 2020
Institutional Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in Burkina Faso: How could We Go around Them?
Authors: Basson Fiacre , Dayamba Djibril S. , Korahire Joel , Dipama Jean M. , Zougmore Francois , Neya Tiga
Published: September 2020

Despite the existence of a National Adaptation Plan to climate change (NAP) in Burkina Faso, operationalizing adaptation still face a number of challenges. The current study focused on identifying institutional barriers to the strategic objectives of climate change adaptation (CCA) using a literature review and semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders / resource persons involved in the implementation of the NAP. The results revealed a weak collaboration between the NAP steering institution and the ministerial departments covered by the NAP. This situation, first, hampers the implementation of adaptation actions and secondly, the monitoring reporting and verification of adaptation initiatives. Further, the analysis revealed that lack of financial resources poses constraints to many actions that were to be taken by the steering institution and therefore creates poor ownership of the NAP by the main stakeholders that should be actively involved in the NAP process. To cope with the various constraints, it is necessary to have strong political support in many aspects. For instance, it was judged that institutionalizing the role of climate change (CC) focal point within the ministries and embedding NAP monitoring and evaluation (M&E) objectives and indicators with existing functional M&E systems in the sectorial ministries will ease CCA actions integration in operational plans, their implementation and documentation. Moreover, it is relevant to have a continuous capacity building plan to keep stakeholders updated on climate change issues as this will support them in their mandate of mainstreaming CC into ministerial operational plans and lead to optimal CCA implementation and monitoring.
Effects of Recycled Fiber Fines on Hand Sheet Properties of Different Unbeaten and Beaten Pulps
Authors: Koray Gülsoy Sezgin , Uysal Saffet
Published: September 2020

In this study, 5, 10, and 15 % secondary fines of recycled pulp were added to unbeaten and beaten (28 ºSR) samples of recycled pulp, Turkish Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) kraft pulp, and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) kraft pulp. The effects of the addition of fiber fines on hand sheets properties were evaluated. The addition of fiber fines to the unbeaten pulps improved the strength properties of hand sheets. The roughness of hand sheets was also decreased with the addition of fines. When fiber fines were added to the beaten pulps, the type of pulp strongly affected the paper strength properties. The strength properties of beaten pulps of Turkish Calabrian pine and European aspen were decreased with the addition of fiber fines, while the strength properties of beaten pulps of recycled pulp were increased. On the other hand, the air permeance of unbeaten and beaten samples was decreased with the addition of fiber fines. Consequently, the addition of fines to unbeaten and beaten pulps had a more pronounced effect on European aspen kraft pulp and recycled pulp than on Turkish Calabrian pine kraft pulp. Also, the strength of paper made of unbeaten recycled pulp with the addition of 15 % fines was higher than that of fines-free beaten recycled pulp.
Weath ering Performance of Beech Wood Coated with Acrylic Paint Containing UV Stabilizers of Dihydroxy Benzophenone and Nano Zinc Oxide
Authors: Akbarnezhad Mehrnaz , Rasouli Davood , Yousefi Hossein , Mashkour Mahdi
Published: September 2020

In this study, the effect of UV stabilizers (dihydroxy benzophenone and nano zinc oxide) on the weathering degradation of water-based acrylic coating on beech wood was investigated. The wood specimens were coated by brush and then weathered naturally for six months. The obtained results showed that the use of nano zinc oxide reduced color changes and mold growth on the surface of weathered samples. However, the results of contact angle, pull-off adhesion, colorimeter and FTIR revealed that the dihydroxyl benzophenone was not effective in preventing weathering degradation of coated wood.
An in Vitro Study on Antifungal Properties, Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Parts of Selected Fruit Trees
Authors: Ustaömer Derya , Topaloğlu Elif , Yilmaz Bilge , Serencam Hüseyin , Deniz İlhan
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal properties, total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of sapwood, heartwood and bark parts obtained from three different fruit trees; olive (Olea europaea L.), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) and date plum (Diospyros lotus L.) grown in Turkey. Firstly, the hydrodistillation products (essential oil, hydrosol, hot-water extract) were acquired from these parts of selected trees, and methanol and ethanol extracts of the same samples were also prepared for the analysis. The antifungal activities of essential oil, hydrosol, hot-water extract, ethanol and methanol extracts were determined against wood-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. In addition, polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of ethanol and methanol extracts were investigated. According to the results, generally, the essential oil of the parts of three fruit trees was found to inhibit the fungal growth. All hot water extracts and hydrosols of these trees showed no antifungal activity against C. puteana. It was found that olive tree had higher antifungal activity than loquat and date plum trees. The methanol extract of loquat bark gave the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and condensed tannin content compared to parts of the other trees. Furthermore, the highest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity among three fruit trees were determined in ethanol and methanol extracts of the bark and heartwood of loquat tree. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the parts of studied fruit trees have less or more antifungal and antioxidant activity depending on the experimental parameters, and therefore they can be evaluated as alternative natural antifungal and antioxidant sources.
Influence of Fibre Length on Properties of Glass-Fibre Reinforced Bark Particleboards
Authors: Pásztory Zoltan , Börcsök Zoltan , Tsalagkas Dimitrios
Published: September 2020

This study was carried out to assess the feasibility of glass fibres of various lengths (12 mm, 18 mm, 24 mm and 30 mm) as reinforcement on the mechanical performance of bark particleboards intended for thermal insulation. To evaluate their efficiency, the results of fibre reinforced particleboards at mass of 3wt% concentration were compared with plain bark based boards. Thermal, physical and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) were determined on unreinforced and reinforced specimens. In general, the results of the thermal conductivity measurements indicated that the bark panels could potentially be used as feedstock for thermal insulation panels. However, the glass fibres lengths had a direct adverse effect on the mechanical behaviour of the bark particleboard, instead of providing synergistic reinforcement. Furthermore, the static bending properties, mainly the modulus of rupture, gradually decreased with increasing lengths of glass fibre.
En humanitær gave i Guds navn
Authors: Østrem Håvard
Published: September 2020

Syriske flyktninger i Beirut mottar bistand i en evangelisk kirke, og det oppstår nære relasjoner mellom giver og mottaker gjennom de humanitære gavene. Hvordan kan vi forstå gaverelasjoner i religiøs diskurs?
Interne Ansätze zur Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung in der externen Berichterstattung – konzeptionelle und empirische Analyse der DAX-Unternehmen
Authors: Gawenko Wladislav , Richter Fanny , Hinz Michael , Götze Uwe
Published: September 2020

Die Versorgung der Stakeholder mit ökologischen und sozialen Informationen gewinnt immer weiter an Bedeutung. Mit der Veröffentlichung der EU-Richtlinie 2014/95/EU sind die Anforderungen im Rahmen der externen Berichterstattung hinsichtlich der ökologischen und sozialen Nachhaltigkeit an die Unternehmen gestiegen. Zu einer transparenten und nachprüfbaren Informationsversorgung können interne Bewertungsansätze dienen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Analyse der Berücksichtigung der laut Literatur etablierten internen Bewertungsansätze in der externen Berichterstattung. Dabei wird u.a. auf ein Index-Modell zurückgegriffen und das Rahmenwerk der Global Reporting Initiative sowie die nichtfinanziellen Erklärungen der DAX-Unternehmen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Unternehmen in nichtfinanziellen Erklärungen vorwiegend auf ökologische Bewertungsansätze Bezug nehmen. Soziale Ansätze finden wenig Beachtung.
Optimizing Stem Cell Therapy after Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Lachance Brittany Bolduc , Moiz Bilal , Jia Xiaofeng
Published: September 2020

Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed to translate results to clinical trials. We aimed to explore the application of stem cells after ischemic brain injury by focusing on topics such as delivery routes, regeneration efficacy, adverse effects, and in vivo potential optimization. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched for the latest studies examining stem cell therapy applications in ischemic brain injury, particularly after stroke or cardiac arrest, with a focus on studies addressing delivery optimization, stem cell type comparison, or translational aspects. Other studies providing further understanding or potential contributions to ischemic brain injury treatment were also included. Multiple stem cell types have been investigated in ischemic brain injury treatment, with a strong literature base in the treatment of stroke. Studies have suggested that stem cell administration after ischemic brain injury exerts paracrine effects via growth factor release, blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and allows for exosome release for ischemic injury mitigation. To date, limited studies have investigated these therapeutic mechanisms in the setting of cardiac arrest or therapeutic hypothermia. Several delivery modalities are available, each with limitations regarding invasiveness and safety outcomes. Intranasal delivery presents a potentially improved mechanism, and hypoxic conditioning offers a potential stem cell therapy optimization strategy for ischemic brain injury. The use of stem cells to treat ischemic brain injury in clinical trials is in its early phase; however, increasing preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can contribute to the down-regulation of inflammatory phenotypes and regeneration following injury. The safety and the tolerability profile of stem cells have been confirmed, and their potent therapeutic effects make them powerful therapeutic agents for ischemic brain injury patients.
Nurse Led Smartphone Electrographic Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation after Ischemic Stroke: SPOT-AF
Authors: Yan Bernard , Tu Hans , Lam Christina , Swift Corey , Ho Ma Sze , Mok Vincent C.T. , Sui Yi , Sharpe David , Ghia Darshan , Jannes Jim , Davis Stephen , Liu Xinfeng , Freedman Ben
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) underlying acute stroke frequently evades detection by standard practice, considered to be a combination of routine electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, and 24-hour Holter recordings. We hypothesized that nurse-led in-hospital intermittent monitoring approach would increase PAF detection rate.Methods We recruited patients hospitalised for stroke/transient ischemic attack, without history of atrial fibrillation (AF), in a prospective multi-centre observational study. Patients were monitored using a smartphone-enabled handheld ECG (iECG) during routine nursing observations, and underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring according to local practice. The primary outcome was comparison of AF detection by nurse-led iECG versus Holter monitoring in patients who received both tests: secondary outcome was oral anticoagulant commencement at 3-month following PAF detection.Results One thousand and seventy-nine patients underwent iECG monitoring: 294 had iECG and Holter monitoring. AF was detected in 25/294 (8.5%) by iECG, and 8/294 (2.8%) by 24-hour Holter recordings (P<0.001). Median duration from stroke onset to AF detection for iECG was 3 days (interquartile range [IQR], 2 to 6) compared with 7 days (IQR, 6 to 10) for Holter recordings (P=0.02). Of 25 patients with AF detected by iECG, 11 were commenced on oral anticoagulant, compared to 5/8 for Holter. AF was detected in 8.8% (69/785 patients) who underwent iECG recordings only (P=0.8 vs. those who had both iECG and 24-hour Holter).Conclusions Nurse-led in-hospital iECG surveillance after stroke is feasible and effective and detects more PAF earlier and more frequently than routine 24-hour Holter recordings. Screening with iECG could be incorporated into routine post-stroke nursing observations to increase diagnosis of PAF, and facilitate institution of guideline-recommended anticoagulation.
Initial Evaluation of Rapid, Direct-to-Digital Prostate Biopsy Pathology
Authors: Torres Richard , Olson Eben , Homer Robert , Martin Darryl T. , Levene Michael J. , Perincheri Sudhir , Sprenkle Preston C. , Humphrey Peter A.
Published: September 2020

Context.—

Pathologist interobserver discordance is significant in grading of prostate cancer, limiting reliability. Diagnostic reproducibility may be improved with digital images, but adoption faces workflow, cost, and quality challenges. A novel digital method using an alternative tissue processing approach and novel laser microscopy system potentially addresses these issues.

Objective.—

To evaluate the capability of this new method for primary diagnostic interpretation in clinical prostate biopsy specimens.

Design.—

Forty patients with a high likelihood of prostate cancer based on magnetic resonance imaging consented to investigational core biopsy. A subset of samples was used for direct comparison of physical slide preparation effects and time-tracking determination with multiphoton microscopy. Twenty samples were processed for diagnostic comparison between multilevel digital slides and subsequently produced physical slides. A reference diagnosis based on all data was established using grade groups. Level of diagnostic match and requests for immunohistochemistry were compared between physical and digital diagnoses. Immunohistochemical staining and length measurements were secondary outcomes.

Results.—

Interpretations based on direct multiphoton imaging yielded diagnoses that were at least as accurate as standard histology; cancer diagnosis correlation was 89% (51 of 57) by physical slides and 95% (53 of 56) by multiphoton microscopy. Grade-level concordance was 73% (44 of 60) by either method. Immunohistochemistry for routine prostate cancer–associated markers on these alternatively processed tissues was unaffected. Alternatively processed tissues resulted in longer measured core and cancer lengths, suggestive of improved orientation and visualization.

Conclusions.—

Findings support high potential for complete interpretation of prostate core biopsies using solely multiphoton microscopy of intact specimens, with potential diagnostic benefits as well as reduced processing time and reduced processing complexity.
Expression of collagen type 1 alpha 1 indicates lymph node metastasis and poor outcomes in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung
Authors: Dong Siyuan , Zhu Peiyao , Zhang Shuguang
Published: September 2020

Background

Squamous cell carcinomas of the lung are an extremely common and deadly form of non-small cell lung cancers. Clinical management of the disease is dependent on staging and metastatic status. Metastasis to the lymph node is especially crucial to diagnose as it occurs at an earlier stage. However, lymphadenectomies are invasive and tumor cells may be overlooked during evaluation.There are limited approved biomarkers for predicting lymph node metastasis with squamous cell carcinomas of the lung (LSCC).

Methods

Genome data of 60 tumor-adjacent samples were downloaded from Genome Expression Omnibus. We identified over-expressed HUB genes using Cytoscape as key prognostic markers. The selected markers were further evaluated based on gene ontology and overall expression levels compared to normal tissue using The Cancer Genome Atlas. We further validated these results using clinical biopsy tissue taken from squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Results

Analysis of the genome expression data resulted in 13 relevant hub genes that were differentially expressed in cancerous samples. All of these genes are associated with collagen biosynthesis within the tumor microenvironment. We chose Collagen Type 1 Alpha 1 (COL1A1) as the most relevant prognostic marker due to its high number of pathway connections and over expression in the tumor microenvironment compared to the other 12 genes. Additionally, based on analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas, tumors with higher levels of COL1A1 expression are associated with poorer overall survival. Finally, evaluation of clinical biopsy samples suggests that overexpression of COL1A1 in the LSCC microenvironment highly correlates with lymph node metastasis. These results suggest COL1A1 is a clinically relevant marker that should be used to justify lymphadenectomies.
A glycolysis-related gene pairs signature predicts prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Weige , Zhang Shijing , Cai Zheyou , Gao Fei , Deng Wenhui , Wen Yi , Qiu Zhen-wen , Hou Zheng-kun , Chen Xin-Lin
Published: September 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most universal malignant liver tumors worldwide. However, there were no systematic studies to establish glycolysis‑related gene pairs (GRGPs) signatures for the patients with HCC. Therefore, the study aimed to establish novel GRGPs signatures to better predict the prognosis of HCC.

Methods

Based on the data from Gene Expression Omnibus, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases, glycolysis-related mRNAs were used to construct GRGPs. Cox regression was applied to establish a seventeen GRGPs signature in TCGA dataset, which was verified in two validation (European and American, and Asian) datasets.

Results

Seventeen prognostic GRGPs (HMMR_PFKFB1, CHST1_GYS2, MERTK_GYS2, GPC1_GYS2, LDHA_GOT2, IDUA_GNPDA1, IDUA_ME2, IDUA_G6PD, IDUA_GPC1, MPI_GPC1, SDC2_LDHA, PRPS1_PLOD2, GALK1_IER3, MET_PLOD2, GUSB_IGFBP3, IL13RA1_IGFBP3 and CYB5A_IGFBP3) were identified to be significantly progressive factors for the patients with HCC in the TCGA dataset, which constituted a GRGPs signature. The patients with HCC were classified into low-risk group and high-risk group based on the GRGPs signature. The GRGPs signature was a significantly independent prognostic indicator for the patients with HCC in TCGA (log-rank P = 2.898e−14). Consistent with the TCGA dataset, the patients in low-risk group had a longer OS in two validation datasets (European and American: P = 1.143e−02, and Asian: P = 6.342e−08). Additionally, the GRGPs signature was also validated as a significantly independent prognostic indicator in two validation datasets.

Conclusion

The seventeen GRGPs and their signature might be molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the patients with HCC.
Nematocidal Activity on Onchocerca ochengi, Toxicity and Phytochemical Screening of Vernonia perrottetii Sch. Bip. Ex Walp (Asteraceae) Extracts
Authors: Elodie Megnigueu Mimi , Francis Nveikoueing , Sidoine Ngatcha Zouakeu Katoucha , Elysee Djedoubouyom Name , Siméon Kouam Fogue , Dieudonné Ndjonka
Published: September 2020

Onchocerciasis is a disease caused by a parasitic nematode Onchocerca volvulus in human.  Ivermectin who is the main drug recommended for the treatment of this disease is only effective against the microfilarial stage of the parasite. Reports of emergence of parasite resistance to ivermectin have complicated onchocerciasis treatment and require to discover novel drugs. The objective of the present study was to investigate in vitro anthelmintic properties against the cattle ﬁlarial parasite Onchocerca ochengi, a model closely related to Onchocerca volvulus; and evaluate the toxicity (in vivo) of local medicinal plant Vernonia perrottetii. This plant is used as alternative medicine in the treatment of human onchocerciasis in central and coastal regions of Cameroon. Fifteen crude extracts were prepared from various parts of V. perrottetii using three organic solvents (70% ethanol, methanol, methylene chloride) and distilled water. The nematocidal activity was evaluated on adult worms of O. ochengi, worm viability was assessed biochemically using the dimethylthiazol (MTT) formazan assay. Oral toxicity of the promising extract was investigated in mice. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and roots of V. perrottetii recorded the highest activities against adult male worms (LC50 of 29.80 μg/mL for leaves and 39.36 μg/mL for root). By contrast, the methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and roots, of the plant as well as the mixture methylene chloride/methanol extracts. For acute treatment, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg no induced critical behavioral changes or death. In sub- acute treatment, daily oral administration of hydro-ethanolic extracts of leaves at the dose of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg revealed disturbances in the normal growth of animals as well as liver and kidney alterations. Phytochemical analysis of the active extracts revealed the presence of Polyphenols, tannins, saponins and flavonoids. This study revealed the anti-Onchocerca activities of V. perrottetii, indicating a possible new source for developing a phytomedicine or drug for the treatment of human onchocerciasis.
A Rare Case of Recurrent Blastomycosis in North America
Authors: Fatima Zebi
Published: September 2020

Blastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous and suppurative mycoses caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis. The majority of cases show a primary pulmonary disease. We report a 65-year-old male patient with two painless, violaceous nodules over the left chest wall and right inner thigh. Initially, differential diagnoses of disseminated Blastomycosis, Pneumonia, and Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma made based on past and present clinical history and presentation. The final diag-nosis of disseminated with secondary cutaneous Blastomycosis in a followup case of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma made based on skin biopsy, broncho-alveolar lavage, and bronchial brushing showing budding yeasts of Blastomyces. The patient responded well to therapy with Amphotericin B and Itraconazole along with intravenous methylprednisolone.
Technical note: Vendor‐agnostic water phantom for 3D dosimetry of complex fields in particle therapy
Authors: Schuy Christoph , Simeonov Yuri , Durante Marco , Zink Klemens , Weber Uli
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Three‐dimensional (3D) dosimetry is a necessity to validate patient‐specific treatment plans in particle therapy as well as to facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities. Therefore, a vendor‐agnostic water phantom was developed and verified to measure high resolution 3D dose distributions.

Methods

The system was experimentally validated at the Marburger Ionenstrahl‐Therapiezentrum using two ionization chamber array detectors (PTW Octavius 1500XDR and 1000P) with 150.68 MeV proton and 285.35 MeV/u 12C beams. The dose distribution of several monoenergetic and complex scanned fields were measured with different step sizes to assess the reproducibility, absolute positioning accuracy, and general performance of the system.

Results

The developed system was successfully validated and used to automatically measure high resolution 3D dose distributions. The reproducibility in depth was better than ±25 micron. The roll and tilt uncertainty of the detector was estimated to be smaller than ±3 mrad.

Conclusions

The presented system performed fully automated, high resolution 3D dosimetry, suitable for the validation of complex radiation fields in particle therapy. The measurement quality is comparable to commercially available systems.
Testing a modified cognitive interview with category clustering recall in Iran
Authors: Shahvaroughi Ahmad , Bahrami Ehsan Hadi , Hatami Javad , Monajem Arash , Paulo Rui M.
Published: September 2020

The cognitive interview (CI) has been an effective method for interviewing eyewitnesses often leading to changes in legislation and practice in many countries. This study was the first to employ the CI in Iran and test whether category clustering recall (CCR) was superior to a free recall when incorporated within an investigative interview. A between‐subjects design assigned 66 participants to one of three interview conditions after they watched a mock robbery. The participants were interviewed 48 hr later using either a structured interview (SI), the CI, or a modified cognitive interview (MCI) that replaced free recall with CCR at the first retrieval attempt. Analysis of variance suggests CCR was more effective than free recall and the CI group recalled more information than the SI group, replicating the CI superiority effect. This has implications for law enforcement in Iran and worldwide by suggesting these techniques can be used to enhance recall.
Supramolecular Two‐Dimensional Systems and Their Biological Applications
Authors: Kim Taeyeon , Park Jung Yeon , Hwang Jiwon , Seo Gunhee , Kim Yongju
Published: September 2020

Various biological systems rely on the supramolecular assembly of biomolecules through noncovalent bonds for performing sophisticated functions. In particular, cell membranes, which are 2D structures in biological systems, have various characteristics such as a large surface, flexibility, and molecule‐recognition ability. Supramolecular 2D materials based on biological systems provide a novel perspective for the development of functional 2D materials. The physical and chemical properties of 2D structures, attributed to their large surface area, can enhance the sensitivity of the detection of target molecules, molecular loading, and bioconjugation efficiency, suggesting the potential utility of functional 2D materials as candidates for biological systems. Although several types of studies on supramolecular 2D materials have been reported, supramolecular biofunctional 2D materials have not been reviewed previously. In this regard, the current advances in 2D material development using molecular assembly are discussed with respect to the rational design of self‐assembling aromatic amphiphiles, the formation of 2D structures, and the biological applications of functional 2D materials.
A Nickel‐Bisdiamine Porous Organic Polymer as Heterogeneous Chiral Catalyst for Asymmetric Michael Addition to Aliphatic Nitroalkenes
Authors: Buendia Mikkel B. , Kegnæs Søren , Kramer Søren
Published: September 2020

We report a polystyrene‐incorporated chiral nickel(II)‐bisdiamine complex, which is accessible on gram‐scale. This metal complex functions as a heterogeneous catalyst for the enantioselective Michael addition between malonates and aliphatic nitroalkenes, and it provides yields and enantioselectivities on par with homogeneous catalysts. Good functional group tolerance is reported for this reaction. Upon recycling, the catalyst achieves significantly higher TONs than previously reported. We demonstrate scalability to multigram‐scale, compatibility with continuous flow production (4.43 gram), and application to the synthesis of the blockbuster drug Pregabalin. Finally, a new tandem reaction is disclosed.

magnified image
A p53/lnc‐Ip53 Negative Feedback Loop Regulates Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance
Authors: Zhang Li‐Zhen , Yang Jin‐E , Luo Yu‐Wei , Liu Feng‐Ting , Yuan Yun‐Fei , Zhuang Shi‐Mei
Published: September 2020

Acetylation is a critical mechanism to modulate tumor‐suppressive activity of p53, but the causative roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in p53 acetylation and their biological significance remain unexplored. Here, lncRNA LOC100294145 is discovered to be transactivated by p53 and is thus designated as lnc‐Ip53 for lncRNA induced by p53. Furthermore, lnc‐Ip53 impedes p53 acetylation by interacting with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and E1A binding protein p300 (p300) to prevent HDAC1 degradation and attenuate p300 activity, resulting in abrogation of p53 activity and subsequent cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance. Mouse xenograft models reveal that lnc‐Ip53 promotes tumor growth and chemoresistance in vivo, which is attenuated by an HDAC inhibitor. Silencing lnc‐Ip53 inhibits the growth of xenografts with wild‐type p53, but not those expressing acetylation‐resistant p53. Consistently, lnc‐Ip53 is upregulated in multiple cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). High levels of lnc‐Ip53 is associated with low levels of acetylated p53 in human HCC and mouse xenografts, and is also correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. These findings identify a novel p53/lnc‐Ip53 negative feedback loop in cells and indicate that abnormal upregulation of lnc‐Ip53 represents an important mechanism to inhibit p53 acetylation/activity and thereby promote tumor growth and chemoresistance, which may be exploited for anticancer therapy.