bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vague-Segment Technique: Automatic Computation of Tumor Stroma Ratio for Breast Cancer on Whole Slides
Authors: Xinsen Lian , Yang Kunping , Bingzhi Chen , Xiuhong Cai , Xinling Lu , Xinyao Xu , Jinlin Chen , Ming Tian , Pengtao Lin , Zheng Xi , Linying Chen
Published: November 2023

The calculation of Tumor Stroma Ratio (TSR) is a challenging medical issue that could improve predictions of neoadjuvant chemotherapy benefits and patient prognoses. Although several studies on breast cancer and deep learning methods have achieved promising results, the drawbacks that pixel-level semantic segmentation processes could not extract core tumor regions containing both tumor pixels and stroma pixels make it difficult to accurately calculate TSR. In this paper, we propose a Vague-Segment Technique (VST) consisting of a designed SwinV2UNet module and a modified Suzuki algorithm. Specifically, the SwinV2UNet identifies tumor pixels and generate pixel-level classification results, based on which the modified Suzuki algorithm extracts the contour of core tumor regions in terms of cosine angle. Through this way, VST obtains vaguely segmentation results of core tumor regions containing both tumor pixels and stroma pixels, where the TSR could be calculated by the formula of Intersection over Union (IOU). For the training and evaluation, we utilize the well-known The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to create an annotated dataset, while 150 images with TSR annotations from real cases are also collected. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed VST could generate better tumor identification results compared with state-of-the-art methods, where the extracted core tumor regions lead to more consistencies of calculated TSR with senior experts compared to junior pathologists. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed pipeline, which has promise for future clinical application.
Electrostatic discharge crosstalk attenuation in protective meander lines
Authors: Kim Georgiy , Nosov Alexander
Published: November 2023

It is known that electrostatic discharge (ESD) is one of the frequent causes of integrated circuits failure and loss of spacecraft. However, the danger is not only the pulse itself, but also the crosstalk from it at the near (NEXT) and far (FEXT) ends. To investigate the possibility of their attenuating by meander line (ML) with a broad-side coupling, a coupled microstrip line (MSL) was studied. As a result, the structure with a protected active line appeared to be the most promising. Also, the levels of NEXT and FEXT in it do not exceed 2 and 1.5% of half of the e.m.f. at s=1000 µm, and when s=100 µm – 10 and 3%. In addition to evaluating signal attenuation, N-norms were analyzed as well. The most noteworthy is the non-linear nature of the change in N2 depending on s. It is also notable that the proposed protection of the line from crosstalk leads to a decrease in N1, N2, and N5. However, N3 and N4 increase at the same time. 
Scintillation and Cherenkov Photon Counting Detectors with Analog Silicon Photomultipliers for TOF-PET
Authors: Cates Joshua , Choong Woon-Seng , Brubaker Erik
Published: November 2023

Standard signal processing approaches for scintillation detectors in positron emission tomography (PET) derive accurate estimates for 511 keV photon time of interaction and energy imparted to the detection media from aggregate characteristics of electronic pulse shapes. The ultimate realization of a scintillation detector for PET is one that provides a unique timestamp and position for each detected scintillation photon. Detectors with these capabilities enable advanced concepts for three-dimensional (3D) position and time of interaction estimation with methods that exploit the spatiotemporal arrival time kinetics of individual scintillation photons. In this work, we show that taking into consideration the temporal photon emission density of a scintillator, the channel density of an analog silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array, and employing fast electronic readout with digital signal processing, a detector that counts and timestamps scintillation photons can be realized. To demonstrate this approach, a prototype detector was constructed, comprising multichannel electronic readout for a bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillator coupled to a 4x4 SiPM array. In proof-of-concept measurements with this detector configuration, we are able to count and provide a timestamp for all optical photons produced by 511 keV photoelectric interactions. We show that this photon counting detector concept can implement 3D positioning of 511 keV photon interactions and thereby enable advanced corrections for time of interaction estimators. We outline the methodology, readout, and approach for achieving this detector capability in first-ever, proof-of-concept measurements for scintillation photon counting detector with analog silicon photomultipliers.
Next Generation Multiple Access with Cell-Free Massive MIMO
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammadali , Mobini Zahra , Ngo Hien Quoc , Matthaiou Michail
Published: November 2023

To meet the unprecedented mobile traffic demands of future wireless networks, a paradigm shift from conventional cellular networks to distributed communication systems is imperative. Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) represents a practical and scalable embodiment of distributed/network MIMO systems. It inherits not only the key benefits of co-located massive MIMO systems but also the macro-diversity gains from distributed systems. This innovative architecture has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing network performance from various perspectives, outperforming co-located mMIMO and conventional small-cell systems. Moreover, CF-mMIMO offers flexibility in integration with emerging wireless technologies such as full-duplex (FD), non-orthogonal transmission schemes, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC),  unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided communication, and  reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). In this paper, we provide an overview of current research efforts on CF-mMIMO systems and their promising future application scenarios. We then elaborate on new requirements for CF-mMIMO networks in the context of these technological breakthroughs. We also present several current open challenges and outline future research directions aimed at fully realizing the potential of CF mMIMO systems in meeting the evolving demands of future wireless networks.
Improvement of Emergency Communication Systems Using Drones in 5G and Beyond for Safety Applications
Authors: Shah A F M Shahen , Karabulut Muhammet Ali , Rabie Khaled
Published: November 2023

Drones are used for public safety missions because of their communication capabilities, unmanned mission, flexible deployment, and low cost. Recently, drone-assisted emergency communication systems in disasters have been developed where instead of a single large drone, flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are proposed through clustering. Although cluster size has an impact on the proposed system's performance, no method is provided to effectively regulate cluster size. In this paper, optimum cluster size is obtained through two distinct meta-heuristic optimization algorithms - the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CUCO) and the Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO). Flowcharts and algorithms of CUCO and PSO are provided. A presentation of an analytical investigation based on the Markov chain model is provided. To further validate the analytical study, simulation results are presented. Simulation shows the improvement in terms of throughput and packet dropping rate (PDR).
Influence of Fire on Floristic Diversity and Herbaceous Production in the Ollombo Savannahs in the Republic of Congo
Authors: O Bitissi Mpassi,L. , J Yoka, , C Bokatola Moyikola, , M Matoumouene Goma, A. , O Amboua Issengue,
Published: November 2023

The Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E. Hubb. savanna and the Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf savanna are the main savannas in the Ollombo area of the Republic of Congo. The functioning of these savannas is influenced by the different types of fire. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of fire on the floristic diversity and herbaceous production of the savannahs in the Ollombo area. The floristic inventory and phytomass measurements were carried out at the peak of vegetation before the fires and at 2 and 10 months after the fires. The floristic inventory was carried out using the aligned quadrat points method. The data from this inventory were used to calculate diversity indices, including the Shannon-Weaver index (H'). Above-ground herbaceous phytomass was assessed using the harvesting method. The results show that floristic diversity and herbaceous above-ground phytomass vary from one type of fire to another and from one type of savannah to another. In the Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E. Hubb. savannah, seasonal fire (H'=2.69) and late fire (H'=2.43) appear to favour floristic diversity at 2 and 10 months after burning, respectively. In the Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf savannah, on the other hand, only early fire seems to favour floristic diversity two months (H'=2.7) and 10 months (H'=2.4) after burning. In terms of herbaceous above-ground phytomass, seasonal fire (0.82 ±0.07 t DM/ha) and early fire (6.49 ±1.06 t DM/ha) appear to increase herbaceous production at 2 and 10 months after burning, respectively, in the Loudetia simplex Nees C.E. Hubb. savannah. On the other hand, late burning (0.88 ±0.07 t DM/ha) and early burning (6.98 ±1.01 t DM/ha) appear to increase herbaceous production at 2 and 10 months respectively in the savannah with Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf. These results could serve as a scientific basis for the sustainable management of pastures by fire and as a benchmark for future studies.
Exploration of Primary School English Innovative Homework Design Strategies in the Context of “Double Reduction” From a Multi-Dimensional Perspective
Authors: Zeng Mengyao , Lyu Ruifeng
Published: November 2023

The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council have issued the Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-Campus Training for Students in Compulsory Education, proposing ways to comprehensively reduce the excessive academic burden on students and make homework assignments more scientific and reasonable. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Double Reduction policy, schools and educators have been exploring new modes of homework management, so it is urgent and necessary to conduct related research. This study proposes strategies for optimizing the after-school English homework in the upper elementary grades in multiple subjects from multiple perspectives. Schools should strengthen guidance management training and clarify teachers’ responsibilities; teachers should improve their homework management skills in three aspects: awareness, homework design forms, and homework evaluation; students should improve their homework self-management awareness and ability; and parents should do a good job at home of monitoring and motivating their children.
Caesarean Section for Breech Presentation on Scarred Uterus with Giant Fibroid Praevia
Authors: lghamour Khalid , Zraidi Najia , lakhdar Amina , Kharbach Aicha , Baidada Aziz
Published: November 2023

Breech presentation at term occurs in 3-4% of the pregnant population. The fibroid is a source of obstetrical complications in pregnant women in 10 to 40% of cases. We describe a case of a Caesarean section for breech presentation on scarred uterus with giant fibroid praevia measuring just 12 cm/10 cm in diameters.
Pemphigus Vulgaris about a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dembélé Ibrahima A , Djeugoue Stéphane Loïque , Cissoko Mamadou , Sekou Landouré , Hassane Achta Ahmat A , Samaké Zounama , Bamba Ismaila , Keita Djénéba , Sinayoko Adama , Diarra Aoua , Koné Yacouba , Samba Camara , Dembélé Oumou , Danielle Dongue Tsanou Léa , Koné Nouhoum , Sangaré Moussa , Nyanké Romuald , Mallé Mamadou , Keïta Kaly , Djibril Sy , Traoré Menta Djénébou , Tshialala Didier Mukéba , Zulfiqa Abrar-Ahmad , Koné Salifou , Soukho Kaya Assétou , Traore Hamar Alassane
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a serious autoimmune disorder of the skin, which accounts for 80% of all pemphigus cases. Observation: This article describes the case of a 27-year-old woman with multiple skin wounds who was diagnosed with PV. The article also reviews the existing literature on the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Conclusion: PV is a serious pathology with complex diagnosis and therapy, it requires multidisciplinary care associated with therapeutic education.
Analisis Penguatan Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Reward dalam Meningkatkan Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai ASN
Authors: Sisdiyanto Sidik
Published: November 2023

State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is a profession for government employees with work agreements in government agencies. Government agencies have different organizational climates from one another. Thus, the performance of ASN has its own challenges in realizing the goals of the organization. Generally, employee performance analysis is only carried out in private organizations. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of ASN performance through transformational leadership and reward job satisfaction. The research method used is a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 202 respondents. The respondents in this study were ASN Directorate General of Islamic Education, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of the reliability test showed a coefficient of α > 0.60, namely transformational leadership (0.964), reward effectiveness (0.961), and job satisfaction (0.973). The results of this study show that there is a direct positive influence of transformational leadership on job satisfaction. In addition, there is a direct positive effect on the effectiveness of rewards on job satisfaction. Based on the results of the analysis of Scientific Identification Theory to Conduct Operation Research in Education Management (SITOREM), there are eight indicators that need to be improved. This research has implications for government institutions in formulating policies for developing civil servants as part of Human Resources.
Planning for Emerging Mobility: Testing and Deployment in Illinois
Authors:   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Al-Qadi Imad , Ouyang Yanfeng ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Kontou Eleftheria ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Jayme Angeli ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Isserman Noah ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Lehe Lewis ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Chehab Ghassan ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Khan Asad ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Purba Denissa ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Sayeh Watheq ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Yang Haolin ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Price Gabriel ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Jiang Zhoutong ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Published: November 2023

As part of planning I-ACT, this project developed plans and recommendations for the integration of energy harvesting, electrification, and 5G communication. Given the emergence of autonomous, connected, and electrified technologies, I-ACT will serve a critical role for the state of Illinois in developing, testing, and validating mobility technologies, along with establishing an integrated infrastructure that will safely and reliably serve all users. A summary of recommendations related to the design features of I-ACT is presented for energy harvesting, electrification, and 5G communication network. Moreover, a business plan was developed. All findings and recommendations were provided to AECOM, as part of the I-ACT’s conceptualization phase.
Mekanisme Pembiayaan Syariah pada Baitul Māl wat Tamwīl (BMT) Amanah Kota Buton Tengah dalam Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah
Authors: Saadal Jannah  , Sri Ujiana Putri  , Asma Asma
Published: November 2023

This study aims to find out and understand the mechanism of sharia financing at the Baitul Māl wat Tamwīl (BMT) Amanah, Central Buton City in a review of muamalah fiqh. This research uses descriptive qualitative field research, using normative and sociological approaches. The research results found as follows; first, the sharia financing mechanism for BMT Amanah, namely; members must follow established procedures, such as; (1). The customer comes directly to the BMT office to submit a financing application, (2). The customer must include requirements such as a photocopy of husband and wife's KTP, family card, marriage certificate, and guarantee letter, (3). Files go to BMT, (4). Conducted surveys. Then the BMT conducts a survey analysis meeting, conducts contracts, disburses funds, conducts coaching (if deemed necessary by the customer) and confiscation of collateral if the customer is unable to pay his installment obligations and is in disagreement with the agreement of both parties. Second, the financing mechanism at BMT Amanah, when viewed from the fiqh muamalah, most of the mechanisms are appropriate because the pillars and conditions for the validity of the contract have been fulfilled. With an agreement between BMT Amanah and the customer and witnessed by witnesses from BMT and each party to carry out obligations according to the agreement. But the principle in the practice of bai' biṡaman ājil is that there are things that are not fully in accordance with the fiqh principles of muamalah, namely in the first model, the goods are not handed over to the BMT, but the goods are taken directly by the customer without first being handed over to the BMT. The implication of this research is that BMT Amanah should be more active in disseminating its products to the public, so that people are more familiar with BMT Amanah and are then interested in becoming its members.
تطبيق لعبة العجلة الدوارة على الأساس الرقمي لترقية تعليم المفردات (البحث التجريبى لطلاب الفصل السابع بالمدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الأهلية الغزالية جومبانج)
Authors: Ode Rahman Arfan  , Mu'ad Mu'ad
Published: November 2023

Learning Arabic at the Sanawiya madrasah level tends to be less popular due to the lack of media in the learning process. One example is Arabic vocabulary lessons, which are lessons that are considered boring. This research aims to provide variations in learning Arabic vocabulary by using a spinning wheel game, with the aim of increasing students' understanding of vocabulary. Therefore, researchers conducted pre-experimental research on the application of a digital-based spinning wheel game to improve vocabulary learning for class VII students at Madrasah Ṣānawiyyah Ghazaliyya Jombang. The subjects of this research were 30 class VII students. In this study, researchers used the one-group pretest-posttest method. At the initial meeting, the researcher conducted a pretest, then gave treatment with a spinning wheel game, and then conducted a posttest. The results obtained showed that there was a significant increase in learning outcomes before and after carrying out the treatment. In the initial test, students obtained an average score of 57.50, and in the final test after treatment, students obtained an average score of 84.50. So descriptively, the posttest value is better than the pretest value, with a significance level of difference between the two values of 0.000 <0.05 (a sig value of 0.000 is less than 0.05). This means that the use of learning media with spinning wheel games in learning Arabic has a good influence on students. In other words, the spinning wheel game can improve students' learning of Arabic vocabulary.
إدارة الخراج في كتاب الخراج لأبي يوسف وكتاب الأحكام السلطانية لأبي يعلى الفراء
Authors: Rosmita Rosmita , Riska Riska , Andi Indra Puteri  , Linka Anastasya Monoarfa
Published: November 2023

This research discusses the management of Kharāj in the book al-Kharāj by Abū Yūsuf and the kitāb al-Ahkām al-Sulṭāniyya by Abū Ya'lā. The aim of the research is to find out the management of Kharāj in the book al-Kharāj by Abū Yūsuf, to know the management of Kharāj in the book al-Ahkām al-Sulṭāniyya by Abū Ya'lā, and to find out the similarities and differences in views between Abū Yūsuf and Abū Ya'lā in management Kharaj. The research methods used to achieve the objectives are deductive, inductive, and comparative methods. The research results show several things. First, kharaj according to Abū Yūsuf is what is properly taken from the property of those who fight the Muslims without resorting to violence. The Kharaj collection system that he implemented was a profit-sharing system. Second, according to Abū Ya'lā, kharaj is what is imposed on the land owner in the form of rights that must be fulfilled on the land, and the collection system applied has three methods: based on the size of the land, the size of the land planted, and the percentage of production. Third, the similarity in views between Abū Yūsuf and Abū Ya'lā is that both of them agree with Jumhur regarding the meaning of Kharāj, the property taken from Kharāj, the land where Kharāj is located, its distribution system, and its managers. The difference is in the collection system and kharaj percentage.
زواج القاصرات المعاصر وبيان الاختلاف عليه في ضوء الشريعة الإسلامية
Authors: Shahin Gahin Hamed Gahin Metawee  , Mohammed Muneer'deen Olodo Al-Shafi'i
Published: November 2023

Contemporary child marriage has become a noticeable phenomenon in recent times, spreading rapidly and extensively. This research aims to clarify the concept of minors and elucidate the reasons and motivations behind the prevalent phenomenon of child marriage, both in the past and in contemporary society. The study reveals that there are social, economic, health, and psychological factors contributing to this issue. The research adopted a descriptive and inductive approach to investigate the reasons for marrying minors, based on an analysis of books and studies that discussed the motives for such marriages and the legal rulings on marrying minors. Additionally, the negative consequences of child marriages were examined. The research yielded findings, including the definition of a minor as someone who has not reached the legal age for marriage and is incapable of assuming marital responsibilities. The economic circumstances of the guardian sometimes force them to marry off their daughters to avoid the financial burden. Some parents resort to informal marriages, which the law prohibits, thus denying minors their rights. The study also highlighted the physical and mental health risks associated with child marriages, such as weakened immunity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and other health issues. Research has also documented cases of minors dying within a year of marriage. In conclusion, this research contributes to clarifying the concept of minors, uncovering the reasons for child marriages, and explaining the legal rulings regarding such unions.
INDO-MALAWI RELATIONS UNDER BINGU WA MUTHALIKA [2004-2012]: GAINS, CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNT
Authors: James Kadadzera  , Dr. Ranjana C. Dholakia
Published: November 2023

Indo-Malawi relations became more observant and functional during the period Bingu wa Muthalika became president of Malawi, that is from 2004-2012. Bingu made all necessary efforts to open Malawis resident mission in New Delhi for the first time in 2007, for Malawi to benefit from trade, aid and other social advantages which were not forthcoming at that time from the traditional Western donors. Bingus track record of human rights violations made him unpopular among Western countries. The first objective of the study was to discuss the gains Malawi made from its ties with India which included access to loans, grants, capacity building programmes, trade and investment. The second objective was to identify the challenges, the Indo-Malawi relations, encountered during the period Bingu was in power. Limited connectivity because of the long route to India from Malawi to transport goods and services and trade imbalance were some of the challenges registered. The third objective was to digest the lessons learnt. The lessons learnt, the study unearthed, were on the importance of having a strategic choice for a bilateral partner for mutual and maximum benefit from the ties, and also that agreements made have to be followed up and implemented accordingly for mutual benefit of the two countries. Additionally, People of Indian Origin [PIOs] in Malawi remain a partner in development, as their companies and businesses create jobs for the locals. The PIOs need full support and cooperation from the host country. The study used library research to collect secondary data from articles, official documents, periodicals, newspapers and YouTube videos. The data was analysed using Content analysis.
KEY WORDS: Aid, Bilateral Relations, Development Cooperation, Mutual Interest, Foreign Policy Choice
Impact of Employee Job Satisfaction on Organization Performance Case of MOJO Cable and Wire Factory
Authors: - Mesfin Fisseha Zergabachew
Published: November 2023

It is believed that in the current dynamic business environment human resources is a potential source of sustained competitive advantage. Thus, creating employee job satisfaction in the workplace is a concept that should be focused while improving organizational performance. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of employee job satisfaction on organizational performance regarding MOJO cable and wire factory. Accordingly, the researcher used five determinants of job satisfaction, namely remuneration, working environment, supervision, promotion and teamwork as independent variables and organizational performance as dependent variable. Whereas, the evaluation of the effectiveness of these independent variables practices was done through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Data were collected through closed-ended structured questionnaires from the sample of 136 permanent employees through simple random method of sampling selected from the factory. However, out of 136 respondents 135 (99.26%) questionnaire was obtained valid. Consequently, Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 26. However primarily Cronbach Alpha formula was used to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire items. And, the result suggested that all the pilot variables have the crobach’s alpha value greater than 0.7 and this revealed that all the variables were reliable. Moreover, the findings from Pearson correlation articulated that there were a significant and positive relationship between each independent variables and organizational performance, and this approved that all the hypothesis test was accepted. In addition, the result of multiple regression analysis suggested that the total correlation of all independent variable to dependent variable was 0.895. Moreover, the study validated that among the five variables of job satisfaction, remuneration and promotion have a significant impact on increasing organizational performance. Therefore, it’s forwarded for the top management of the mojo cable and wire factory to improve the above variables.
The Impact of Microfinance on Women Borrowers’ Livelihoods: A Case Study of BRAC Kabarole District, Western Uganda
Authors: - Nestor Basemera , - David Mugambe Mpiima
Published: November 2023

This study examined the experiences of poor women borrowers involved in BRAC microfinance initiatives in Kabarole District. Drawing upon empowerment theory, a cross-sectional study design was employed, with data collection conducted through interviews, observation and key informant interviews. Information was obtained from women borrowers who were selected through convenient sampling whereas interview guides were used to obtain key information from four group leaders and BRAC officials who were purposively selected. The study discovered that although, BRAC loans largely benefited women borrowers with multiple income sources, the expansion of accessibility to loans for women in far flung districts like Kabarole is economically empowering to women borrowers and increases women’s economic agency and productivity by providing highly needed capita for expansion. Access to BRAC credit facility has also improved women’s array of choices, improved their participation in decision-making, expanded their businesses and increased their appetite for individual loans which were previously seen as a masculine attribute. However, several challenges impeded the successful utilization of BRAC microfinance services by women. These included negative group dynamics, short repayment periods, and increased workloads for women, which reduced productivity. Additionally, some women misallocated their loans to address household needs, such as children's school fees and house renovations. In light of these findings, it is recommended that BRAC bank evaluates these challenges and develops mitigation strategies to fully empower women.
An Empirical Study On The Rights Of Easement Holder And Their Challenges With Special References To Chennai
Authors: - B. Beula Jayarani
Published: November 2023

"Easement holder" or "beneficiary" refers to a person who, without really possessing or owning the property, has the legal right to use or get access to another person's property for a certain reason. The easement holder is awarded a limited and non-exclusive interest in the land, which gives them some management rights without complete ownership.
Spiritual Intelligence and Juvenile Delinquency: Systematic Review
Authors: - Indah Sari Dewi Zulkifli , - Nida Mukhlishotul 'Izzah , - Nurul Tri Handayani
Published: November 2023

Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood. At this age, adolescents often make mistakes in finding a lifestyle that suits them and usually do it by trial and error. The mistakes they make cause resentment in the environment and this term is often known as juvenile delinquency. One of the factors that cause juvenile delinquency is the level of spiritual intelligence that adolescents possess. This study aimed to explain the relationship between spiritual intelligence and juvenile delinquency. The method used in this study is searching the literature from the Google Scholar database. This study used articles published between 2012 and 2022. Nine articles used in this literature report show a significant relationship between spiritual fitness and juvenile delinquency. Thus, it can be concluded that spiritual intelligence is one of the important factors that influence delinquency in adolescents
Design and Development of an FLE Placement Test for Science Students: Use of the Moodle Platform.
Authors: - Frissa Kenza , - Nejjari Amel , - Khaldi Mohamed , - Belmir Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

Teaching foreign languages (FL) is essential for science students as it impacts their academic and professional success. Designing FL programs tailored to students' needs requires placement tests to assess their language skills accurately and guide them towards suitable programs. The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), especially through online platforms like Moodle, provides opportunities to create personalized placement tests. This approach is grounded in strong theoretical foundations, such as the action-oriented perspective and the concept of evaluation. It involves the design of the placement test, its characteristics, and the utilization of results in the development of a hybrid FL training program for science students.
Crimes of Stalking and Harassment against Women in Cyberspace
Authors: - Amit Kumar , - Dr. Dalip Kumar
Published: November 2023

With the advancement of technology the world has become a global village. The most modern invention is the Internet which has broken national boundaries and has created a space known as cyberspace. The Internet is the new oil of the 21st century. Like any invention, the internet too has both boon and bane. Crimes against women are rising against women in every sphere of life. Crimes against women start with her fetus in the form of female feticide, when she is born in the form of female infanticide, in her youth matrimonial crimes, sexual crime and so on. With the coming of the internet and a new space have emerged which have become the playground for offences against women. Cyber crime is the most burning issue in contemporary times affecting the modesty; security and privacy of net users especially women. This paper is an attempt to highlight the legal provisions dealing with cyber stalking and harassment against women in India.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge of Skill Associated to Self-Administration of Insulin among Gestational Diabetic Women Attending different hospitals of District Budgam, Kashmir
Authors: - Nasiya Wani , - Saifullah , - Aneesa Rehmani , - Seema Rasool
Published: November 2023

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes occurring during pregnancy which can result in short- and long-term adverse outcomes for women and babies. GDM is carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycemia with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Accurate diagnosis allows appropriate treatment. A pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design with non-probability purposive sampling technique was used.
Cooling Comfort: Enhancing Pediatric Pain Management with Pre-cooling Techniques - A Case Study Review
Authors: - Yamini , - Vithiya S K , - Vitharsana Mary S , - Yasmeen Banu , - Vaishnavi S , - Joyson Moses , - Sharanya Ravindran
Published: November 2023

Background: One of the primary causes of children's avoidance behaviour development is local anaesthetic injections. There has been an attempt to lessen the feeling of injection pain. Before local anaesthetics were injected, the impact of chilling the injection site on pain perception was assessed in this study.

Methods and Material: In order to treat dental patients who need bilateral buccal injection of local anaesthetics, 50 healthy paediatric patients participated in a prospective single-blind crossover clinical experiment to examine their experience of pain. Before the injection, they were given a topical anaesthetic (Benzocaine) for one minute on the control side and a topical anaesthetic with an ice pack for one minute on the experimental side. An unbiased dentist evaluated each patient's response to the injection. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon test were employed. P < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.

Results: For the study and control groups, the means of the sound, eye, and motor scales (SEM) were 4.06 ± 1.32 and 5.44 ± 1.79, respectively. The study and control groups' respective averages on the visual analogue scale (VAS) were 42.20 ± 12.70 and 58.40 ± 16.83, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Paediatric patients reported less discomfort when the injection site was cooled prior to a one-minute infiltration of local anaesthetics into the buccal mucosa.
Advancing Security: Machine Learning-Based Signature Forgery Detection in Document Authentication Systems
Authors: - Sandesh Kandel
Published: November 2023

Handwritten signatures play a vital role in our lives. From banks to institutions to organizations, signatures are a way of identifying a person. However, signings come with a lot challenges because any two signatures can look very similar with slight differences written the same person. Therefore, the identification of real and fake signatures is very difficult. To avoid similar identity related crimes committed in banks and many others companies, the counterfeit detection system is the solution to this problem along with the help concepts of machine learning and CNN. For better performance and time efficiency, Parallelization concepts are used in software implementation. This software can be used to verify signatures on many platforms such as loans, signing legal documents, applications signing, applications and much more.
Electronic Monitoring in Poland in the Light of the Research
Authors: - Dr Bartosz Kędzierski
Published: November 2023

The research conducted in this paper has led to the identification of many interesting variables which - as the author hopes - may contribute to the development of specific postulates regarding the functioning of EM in Poland. It should be noted, in this work, the author referred to the effectiveness of the Electronic Monitoring System. The above-mentioned effective operation of this system is evidenced by many factors. In this regard, reference was made to the concept of evaluation research aimed at verifying the goals. It is not advisable at this point to recall the reasons for undertaking this research. It is only necessary to point out those elements of electronic monitoring (EM) which show its basic goals in the space of today's criminal policy. First, there is a noticeable conceptual role of EM in the fight against the phenomenon of penitentiary overcrowding and the penalty of imprisonment in general. Secondly, electronic Monitoring is to minimize the pathological impact of isolation on an individual in terms of reducing the phenomenon of recurrence to crime. Third, the role of EM in minimizing the operating costs of the system is important.
Spatio-temporal Pattern of Crime Combination in the Manipur Central Valley
Authors: - Khwairakpam Shreeraj Singh
Published: November 2023

Manipur Central Valley is the most striking topographic feature in a mountainous state like Manipur. This is a small intermont valley of the Himalayan System encircled by the Eastern and Western Hills. Crime is a legally forbidden and intentional action which has a harmful impact on social interest, which has a criminal intent, and which has legally prescribed punishment for it. By utilizing the information from primary and secondary sources and a technique of combination, the current study aims to find the combination of crime in the Manipur Central Valley for the past few decades. The study shows that the dominant Crime was Robbery in 1981, kidnapping and abduction in 1991, Dacoity in 2001, Theft in 2011 and 2021.
What is a Developed Country, A Status India is Aiming to Achieve by 2047?
Authors: - M.V.V Satyanarayana , - Bandaru Vegeswara Rao
Published: November 2023

“Developed country” is a term used to describe a nation that has achieved a high level of economic development, technological advancement, and social well-being. The classification of countries as "developing" or "developed" is a complex topic that involves various economic, social, and political factors. Historically, the classification was often based on the economic indicators, but over time, the understanding of development has evolved to include a broader range of factors. During British colonial rule, India's wealth was indeed drained to Britain through various mechanisms. The British East India Company's exploitation of India's resources and industries during colonial rule left a lasting impact on the country's economic landscape. Post-independence, India faced multifaceted developmental challenges. Economically, the trajectory involved early mixed results, followed by the transformative liberalization, privatization, and globalization reforms in the 1990s. India experienced high growth, but recent years have seen challenges, including a growth slowdown and pandemic disruptions. Non-economic factors like the Human Development Index (HDI) shed light on disparities in life expectancy, education, and income. India, despite progress, remains a developing country due to factors like brain drain, population growth, income inequality, infrastructure challenges, corruption, and environmental issues. The Modi government's policies aim to make India a developed nation by 2047. Initiatives like Make in India, GST, Digital India, Skill India, Atmanirbhar Bharat, PMJDY, and PMAY address economic and social dimensions. Strategies include infrastructure development, skill enhancement, financial inclusion, and sustainable practices. Regular policy reviews and adaptability are crucial for these measures to contribute effectively to India's transformative development.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: - Srija Voruganti , - Saif Ali Khan
Published: November 2023

Background: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are the second-most frequent bacterial infections, with an overall incidence of 5-10%. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with UTI in pregnant women.
Method: A systematic search was conducted in the open domain, electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Citation searching was also performed to identify all relevant studies. All the steps were carried out by two independent reviewers to avoid bias. Based on inclusion & exclusion criteria, followed by qualitative evaluation, the studies were included and analyzed by fixed or random effects model using CMA. A sub-group analysis was also performed for Asian and African countries for prevalence and for different categories of risk factors.
Results: Out of 45 studies, 41 studies were included for the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women and 19 studies were included to evaluate the risk factors. The pooled prevalence of UTI in African pregnant women was higher when compared to Asian pregnant women (28.6% vs. 20.7%). The risk factors statistically significantly associated with UTI were found to be undergarment texture (silk), history of catheterization, diabetes mellitus, past history of UTI and HIV.
Conclusion: UTIs are prevalent in pregnant women in Asian and African pregnant women. Hence, identification of risk factors and frequent screening of UTIs during pregnancy is recommended to avoid maternal-fetal complications.
The Future of Painless Injection: Exploring the Materials Used, Manufacturing Materials and It’s Applications in Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Authors: - Rakshith , - Naidu Hemant Vijay , - Aravind
Published: November 2023

This article review’s about the high barrier qualities of biological membranes, such as the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin or the sclera/cornea of the eye, among others, many therapeutic medicines that have the potential to be very effective are constrained by their inability to reach the systemic circulation. The SC, the skin's outermost layer, serves as the main deterrent to drugs given topically. Thus, the intact SC acts as the body's primary defense against foreign chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals. The only medications that can be successfully supplied transdermally are those with very particular physicochemical characteristics (molecular weight 500 Da, sufficient lipophilicity, and low melting point). It is difficult to administer hydrophilic medications and macromolecular targets including peptides, DNA, and small interfering RNA transdermally. Therefore, bypass or reversible disruption may be used to facilitate medication penetration through the SC. When used to penetrate skin, microneedles (MNs) will bypass the SC, form temporary micron-sized aqueous transport channels, and increase transdermal permeability. Since these micro pores are several orders of magnitude larger than molecular dimensions, hydrophilic macromolecules should easily be able to go through them. Many research teams and pharmaceutical businesses around the world have used different methods to create MNs. This review describes different MN types and fabrication processes.
Linkage Between Health Insurance and Standard of Living with Special Reference to M East Ward of Mumbai
Authors: - Sumi Nijith
Published: November 2023

With the growth in the desk bound work forces the risk of our life increased a lot. Left with no stone unturned, the health insurance sector gaining popularity in India. At present, health insurance is one of the emerging sectors in India. Different stakeholders of this ecosystem, such as private health insurance companies, IRDAI, and other entities, are thriving each day to come up with the best health insurance policy for every citizen. Indians become the most active and engaged customers when it comes to health insurance. After pandemic, buying cashless health insurance online is a new normal. This increasing attention and awareness are due to rising medical inflation, advancements in medical sciences, pandemic, and critical illnesses. Thus, the Indian Health insurance market has come up with lucrative growth avenues and opportunities for companies and customers. In this context, the present study tries to analyse the linkage between health insurance and thereby better standard of living.
Factors Inducing the Use of Social Networking Sites in Teaching and Learning
Authors: - Umar Adamu Bello , - Ahmed Zainab Jibril
Published: November 2023

Education, as a deeply social activity is one such background that can benefit from the usage of social media sites particularly. It improves the sense of connectedness among students by providing opportunities for learning within and outside of the classroom. Social media sites can be employed to host events, debates, study groups and reading circles; reviews; expert induction and consultation; and give users opportunities for making new connections and gaining access to "distributed intelligence." They've been utilized to collaborate on assignment problems and create an online identity. Therefore, this research work access factors responsible in inducing the use of social networking site in education. It was funding that Social Influence, Comfort, e-learning perceptions as well as academic reasons are the main factors that induced social networking into education.
MEDIATION IN ON-LINE COMMERCE
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Yosifova Tanya
Published: November 2023

In the paper the application of mediation in on-line commerce and its legal framework are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of online platforms for mediation are tackled as well as the organs which are related to on line mediation at national and EU level. Special attention is drawn to mediation in Platform2Business and the obligatory force of the agreement reached in the process of mediation.
REFERRAL TO MEDIATION BY THE COURTS - TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Dimitrova Diana
Published: November 2023

The report examines the possibilities provided by law for referral to mediation by the courts, as well as trends and prospects for the introduction of mandatory court mediation. It analyses the current provisions referring to mediation, the particularities of the process of such referral and good practices of other countries. The concept of a pilot project for the introduction of mandatory court mediation in civil and commercial cases is also examined. On the basis of the analysis, conclusions and summaries are made, trends and perspectives are drawn.
ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIATION - A BRIDGE BETWEEN CITIZENS, NGOS ON THE ONE HAND, AND THE ADMINISTRATION AND BUSINESS ON THE OTHER. А REAL AND FLEXIBLE OPPORTUNITY TO RESOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND DISPUTES AT NATIONAL AND CROSS-BORDER LEVEL
Authors:   Geya Foundation, Stoeva Yuliya
Published: November 2023

The report provides an opportunity to apply mediation as an alternative way of resolving disputes and conflicts in the field of ecology and environmental protection. A detailed analysis of the legal framework was performed, as well as of good practices applied in the countries of the European Union and the USA. is to draw attention to all the growing needs for adaptation, development and improvement of mediation in the field of ecology and environmental protection. To increase public information and trust in ADR methods. Promoting the possibility of involving civil society organizations in the mediation process. Improving administration, public information and efficiency in resolving disputes through mediation. Strengthening the role and potential of mediators in the field of ecology and environmental protection.