bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Post-School Outcomes of Indonesian Secondary Students with Disabilities: A Policy Document Analysis
Authors: Ariwijaya Toni
Published: December 2021

There are no national laws in Indonesia which requires educational authorities to provide Invidualised Transition Plans (ITPs) towards high school students with disabilities. It leads issues as to low education attainments the students from this population have as well as small numbers of the students entering universities and job markets. In lieu of legislations, it is argued that Indonesia has signed international agreement and policies which are actually meant to provide ITPs to secondary students with disabilities to improve their post school outcomes – education, employment and independent living – for this vulnerable group. Hence, document analysis methods were employed in this research to analyse the international, national and local policies that the country has been signed through analyzing the statements aligned with evidence-based transition skills and predictors. The method employed by O’Neill et al. (2016) was replicated to condense the list of practices in the NTACT website into broader categories to address youths academic, employment, and independent living needs. As for the international policy, 19 transition-aligned statements were found, accounting for community involvement, interagency collaboration and inclusion in general education. Meanwhile for the national policy documents, only 15 statements were aligned. Implication for policymakers and educational jurisdictions are also discussed.
“Slowly But Sure”: A Language Deficit of a Child with Down Syndrome
Authors: Rahmah Aisyah , Sudarwati Emy
Published: December 2021

This is a case study research in this paper reports on findings from the case study (syntactic and morphological) in an individual diagnosed with a genetic disorder, Down Syndrome (DS), that affect language development without getting the help of any official therapists. We perform pragmatic and phonological analyses alongside morphology and syntactic analyses on data collected from studying documents, observation, and interview results. The qualitative descriptive linguistic method is used in this study to provide a detailed description. The result shows some deficits performed by the DS caused by articulatory limitation, difficulty to follow some words in long statements, and difficulty to respond to the topic that he has not known before.
Ocupación informal y formal en Colombia, equilibrios de largo plazo y principales causas históricas (2001-2019). Un análisis vectorial de corrección de errores
Authors: Perez Torres Francisco Jose
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo es una contribución al estudio de las relaciones de equilibrio entre la ocupación informal, el salario mínimo, el desempleo urbano, el empleo en los sectores de manufactura, comercio y servicios y el crecimiento económico. Con el objetivo de establecer la repercusión de estas variables en la variabilidad de la ocupación informal, a través de un modelo vectorial de corrección de errores se comprueba la existencia de relaciones de equilibrio de largo plazo entre las variables mencionadas. Con los resultados de impulso-respuesta y de descomposición de varianza, se muestra cómo estas responden, recíprocamente, ante choques estocásticos que puedan registrar. Los resultados econométricos se relacionan con importantes aspectos históricos estructurales del desarrollo de la economía colombiana, evidenciando implicaciones básicas para la formulación de políticas que buscan disminuir la economía informal y la ocupación generada en ella.
Ocupaciones y salarios públicos en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. El caso de Uruguay, c. 1853-1893
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez Camilo
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza el sector público en Uruguay entre 1853 y 1893 a partir de las funciones estatales, las categorías ocupacionales y los niveles salariales por nivel de calificación. El enfoque de este trabajo se basa en un análisis general sobre la estructura de empleo y en una selección de ocupaciones. Los resultados indican la participación relativamente elevada de empleos de baja calificación y una mayor compensación de acuerdo al grado de calificación, independientemente de la función estatal. En términos de la selección de ocupaciones, los hallazgos demuestran discrepancias entre funciones, siendo notorias las diferencias salariales de acuerdo al nivel de calificación en los ámbitos administrativos y coercitivos, en comparación a las funciones económica y social.
Reseña. Negociación, lágrimas y maldiciones. La fiscalidad extraordinaria en la monarquía hispánica, 1620-1814. Guillermina Del Valle Pavón (coord.), México, Instituto Mora, 2020.
Authors: Díaz Carlos A.
Published: December 2021

Reseñar una publicación colectiva no es tarea fácil, pues casi siempre el texto colectivo carece de la consistencia argumentativa y el equilibrio expositivo que caracterizan a un libro de autor. Sin embargo, el volumen coordinado por Guillermina del Valle es una notable excepción, porque reúne un conjunto de estudios de caso con preguntas y preocupaciones similares acerca de los donativos y préstamos que fueron concedidos a la monarquía española del siglo XVII al XIX. El libro está conformado por ocho capítulos, tres de los cuales están dedicados a Nueva España, dos al Río de la Plata y los otros tres a España, Perú y el Nuevo Reino de Granada. El siglo XVII recibió cuatro capítulos, dos estudian el XVIII y los otros dos alcanzan el siglo XIX.
Los intercambios y el dinero desde una perspectiva liberal
Authors: Romero García Ricardo , Moreno Purroy Jorge
Published: December 2021

En tanto una sociedad libre debe fundamentarse en intercambios voluntarios, veremos en qué consisten estos y los definiremos, desarrollando sus dos tipos: el directo, con sus limitaciones, y el indirecto, con los beneficios que conlleva. Los indirectos necesitan de un medio para su ejecución, el dinero, que definiremos, estudiando su origen y las características que han de cumplirse para que un medio de intercambio pueda ser efectivamente considerado como dinero. Señalaremos los tipos de dinero, y la importancia que tienen en la formación de los precios, y estudiaremos la determinación del poder adquisitivo del propio dinero. Se señalará por qué pensamos que las criptomonedas no pueden ser consideradas como dinero, y se terminará el artículo con las características que debería poseer el dinero en una sociedad libre.
Las rentabilidades del arte como motivo para la inversión: preferencias de compra en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Vico Belmonte Ana , Sánchez-Vasconcellos Méndez Arturo
Published: December 2021

La evolución del mercado del arte y su consiguiente modelo de negocio ha generado importantes revalorizaciones en los bienes artísticos y de colección, confiriendo al arte un fuerte valor financiero y de inversión. Esta tendencia fomenta la globalización del mercado, que pasa a ser visto como una fuente de diversificación financiera, requiriendo de una mayor organización en la compraventa de estos bienes. Por ello, las iniciativas inversoras de las SICAV de los fondos de inversión en arte, así como nuevos modelos de inversión aupados por el desarrollo tecnológico, pronostican nuevos drivers y diversos escenarios, todo ello redibujado por la irrupción de la COVID-19 y sus repercusiones en años venideros.
Editorial
Authors: López Rivera Edwin
Published: December 2021

Esta edición de Tiempo y Economía presenta dos artículos sobre empleo y ocupación en Uruguay a finales del siglo XIX y en Colombia a principios del siglo XXI. Camilo Martínez estudia la estructura ocupacional de los cargos públicos en Uruguay entre 1853 y 1893, periodo fundamental para la modernización de la economía de ese país, y encuentra un gran número de empleados públicos con bajos salarios y niveles de calificación, dedicados especialmente a la seguridad y la defensa, así como una alta desigualdad salarial. Por su parte, Francisco José Pérez estudia las fuentes de variación del empleo informal en Colombia entre 2001 y 2019 a partir de un modelo vectorial de corrección de errores. Colombia tiene la particularidad de tener altos niveles históricos de desempleo e informalidad, característica que no comparte con muchos países en el mundo. La literatura sobre el tema ha identificado algunas causas de este comportamiento, tales como el desempleo urbano, el salario mínimo, el bajo crecimiento económico, el comportamiento del empleo industrial y el sector servicios y la baja efectividad de la política laboral implementada entre 2002 y 2019, variables que son utilizadas por el autor en su análisis.
The Standardization of Hospital-Acquired Infection Rates Using Prediction Models in Iran: Observational Study of National Nosocomial Infection Registry Data
Authors: Izadi Neda , Etemad Koorosh , Mehrabi Yadollah , Eshrati Babak , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed
Published: December 2021

Background

Many factors contribute to the spreading of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).

Objective

This study aimed to standardize the HAI rate using prediction models in Iran based on the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) method.

Methods

In this study, the Iranian nosocomial infections surveillance system (INIS) was used to gather data on patients with HAIs (126,314 infections). In addition, the hospital statistics and information system (AVAB) was used to collect data on hospital characteristics. First, well-performing hospitals, including 357 hospitals from all over the country, were selected. Data were randomly split into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets. Finally, the standardized infection ratio (SIR) and the corrected SIR were calculated for the HAIs.

Results

The mean age of the 100,110 patients with an HAI was 40.02 (SD 23.56) years. The corrected SIRs based on the observed and predicted infections for respiratory tract infections (RTIs), urinary tract infections (UTIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), and bloodstream infections (BSIs) were 0.03 (95% CI 0-0.09), 1.02 (95% CI 0.95-1.09), 0.93 (95% CI 0.85-1.007), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.54-1.28), respectively. Moreover, the corrected SIRs for RTIs in the infectious disease, burn, obstetrics and gynecology, and internal medicine wards; UTIs in the burn, infectious disease, internal medicine, and intensive care unit wards; SSIs in the burn and infectious disease wards; and BSIs in most wards were >1, indicating that more HAIs were observed than expected.

Conclusions

The results of this study can help to promote preventive measures based on scientific evidence. They can also lead to the continuous improvement of the monitoring system by collecting and systematically analyzing data on HAIs and encourage the hospitals to better control their infection rates by establishing a benchmarking system.
Information Patients With Melanoma Spontaneously Report About Health-Related Quality of Life on Web-Based Forums: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kalf Rachel R J , Delnoij Diana M J , Ryll Bettina , Bouvy Marcel L , Goettsch Wim G
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

There is a general agreement on the importance of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This type of information is becoming increasingly important for the value assessment of health technology assessment agencies in evaluating the benefits of new health technologies, including medicines. However, HRQoL data are often limited, and additional sources that provide this type of information may be helpful.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to identify the HRQoL topics important to patients with melanoma based on web-based discussions on public social media forums.

METHODS

We identified 3 public web-based forums from the United States and the United Kingdom, namely the Melanoma Patient Information Page, the Melanoma International Forum, and MacMillan. Their posts were randomly selected and coded using qualitative methods until saturation was reached.

RESULTS

Of the posts assessed, 36.7% (150/409) of posts on Melanoma International Forum, 45.1% (198/439) on MacMillan, and 35.4% (128/362) on Melanoma Patient Information Page focused on HRQoL. The 2 themes most frequently mentioned were mental health and (un)certainty. The themes were constructed based on underlying and more detailed codes. Codes related to fear, worry and anxiety, uncertainty, and unfavorable effects were the most-often discussed ones.

CONCLUSIONS

Web-based forums are a valuable source for identifying relevant HRQoL aspects in patients with a given disease. These aspects could be cross-referenced with existing tools and they might improve the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures, including HRQoL questionnaires. In addition, web-based forums may provide health technology assessment agencies with a more holistic understanding of the external aspects affecting patient HRQoL. These aspects might support the value assessment of new health technologies and could therefore help inform topic prioritization as well as the scoping phase before any value assessment.

CLINICALTRIAL
A Digital Health Innovation to Prevent Relapse and Support Recovery in Youth Receiving Specialized Services for First-Episode Psychosis: Protocol for a Pilot Pre-Post, Mixed Methods Study of Horyzons-Canada (Phase 2) (Preprint)
Authors: Lal Shalini , Gleeson John F , D'Alfonso Simon , Etienne Geraldine , Joober Ridha , Lepage Martin , Lee Hajin , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Psychotic disorders are among the most disabling of all mental disorders. The first-episode psychosis (FEP) often occurs during adolescence or young adulthood. Young people experiencing FEP often face multiple barriers in accessing a comprehensive range of psychosocial services, which have predominantly been delivered in person. New models of service delivery that are accessible, sustainable, and engaging are needed to support recovery in youth diagnosed with FEP.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we describe a protocol to implement and evaluate the acceptability, safety, and potential efficacy of an online psychosocial therapeutic intervention designed to sustain recovery and prevent relapses in young adults diagnosed with FEP. This intervention was originally developed and tested in Australia and has been adapted for implementation and evaluation in Canada and is called Horyzons-Canada (HoryzonsCa).

METHODS

This cohort study is implemented in a single-center and applies a pre-post mixed methods (qualitative-quantitative convergent) design. The study involves recruiting 20 participants from a specialized early intervention program for psychosis located in Montreal, Canada and providing them with access to the HoryzonsCa intervention for 8 weeks. Data collection includes interview-based psychometric measures, self-reports, focus groups, and interviews.

RESULTS

This study received funding from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (United States), the Quebec Health Research Funding Agency (Canada), and the Canada Research Chairs Program. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal on April 11, 2018 (#IUSMD 17-54). Data were collected from August 16, 2018, to April 29, 2019, and a final sample of 20 individuals participated in the baseline and follow-up interviews, among which 9 participated in the focus groups. Data analysis and reporting are in process. The results of the study will be submitted for publication in 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide preliminary evidence on the acceptability, safety, and potential efficacy of using a digital health innovation adapted for the Canadian context to deliver specialized mental health services to youth diagnosed with FEP.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN43182105; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN43182105

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/28141
Mahasiswa dan Gig Economy: Kerentanan Pekerja Sambilan (Freelance) di Kalangan Tenaga Kerja Terdidik
Authors: Firdasanti Afifa Yustisia , Khailany Afiyati Din , Dzulkirom Nur Ahmad , Sitompul Tiur Maulina Putri , Savirani Amalinda
Published: December 2021

Tren gig economy dalam bentuk pekerjaan lepas (freelance) semakin meningkat dalam satu dekade terakhir, khususnya di kalangan mahasiswa. Sektor pekerjaan ini memiliki fleksibilitas dari segi waktu, di tengah jadwal perkuliahan, tapi juga rentan terhadap eksploitasi. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi dan memetakan motivasi mahasiswa mengambil pekerjaan lepas serta kondisi kerentanan terkait hak-hak dasar pekerja seperti upah rendah, jam kerja berlebihan, ketidakjelasan kontrak kerja, dan tidak adanya pemenuhan jaminan kesejahteraan. Pertanyaan yang membimbing artikel ini adalah bagaimana kondisi kerja mahasiswa freelancer, bagaimana pola relasi kerja yang dihadapi, dan mengapa mahasiswa cenderung menormalisasi eksploitasi ini. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian kolaboratif ini menggunakan metode campuran (mix-method) yang menggabungkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data primer dihimpun melalui survei secara online (n=203) dan in-depth interview berjumlah 50 mahasiswa FISIPOL UGM yang telah dan sedang mengambil pekerjaan lepas. Data primer dilengkapi dengan data sekunder yang bersumber dari literatur dan data statistik terkait topik ini. Ada dua temuan utama penelitian. Pertama, para mahasiswa memiliki beragam kerentanan dalam kegiatan mereka sebagai freelancer. Kedua, meskipun mengalami kerentanan dan eksploitasi dalam pekerjaannya, para mahasiswa cenderung mewajarkan kondisi yang dialaminya.
APOL1 Risk Variants and Acute Kidney Injury in Black Americans with COVID-19
Authors: Larsen Christopher P. , Wickman Terrance J. , Braga Juarez R. , Matute-Trochez Luis A. , Hasty Anna E. , Buckner Lyndsey R. , Arthur John M. , Haun Randy S. , Velez Juan Carlos Q.
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

Black Americans have a higher incidence of kidney disease compared with populations that do not have recent African ancestry. Two risk variants in the APOL1 are responsible for a portion of this higher risk. We sought to assess the odds of AKI conferred by APOL1 risk alleles in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Black Americans who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were genotyped to determine APOL1 risk allele status. We assessed the incidence of AKI, persistent AKI, and AKI requiring KRT within 21 days of the PCR-based diagnosis. Outcomes were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, eGFR, and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker.

Results

In total, 126 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included within a 5-month period, with 16 (13%) and 110 (87%) cases with two and zero/one APOL1 high-risk alleles, respectively. AKI occurred in 11 (69%) patients with two APOL1 high-risk alleles and 39 (35%) patients with zero/one high-risk alleles (adjusted odds ratio, 4.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 17.52; P=0.04). Persistent AKI occurred in eight (50%) patients with two APOL1 high-risk alleles and 21 (19%) of those with zero/one high-risk alleles (adjusted odds ratio, 3.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 11.57; P=0.04). AKI KRT occurred in four (25%) of those with two APOL1 high-risk alleles and eight (7%) of those with zero/one high-risk alleles (adjusted odds ratio, 4.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 24.4, P=0.05).

Conclusions

APOL1 high-risk alleles are associated with greater odds of AKI in Black American patients with COVID-19.
A STUDY ON THE FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MIZO TRADITIONAL FESTIVALS
Authors: LALCHHANHIMA
Published: December 2021

The traditional Mizo had various community feasts and celebrations, which were performed at specific time and period of the year. The three principle celebrations are Chapchar Kut (celebration of spring), Mim Kut (celebration performed when the yields other than paddy is first procured), and Pawl Kut (celebration of harvest). The Mizo adored social gathering and bustles, and likewise, Kut was a typical element of their public activity. Here we will look at into what the traditional Mizo had thought about fundamental components for festivity of their celebrations.
‘Kyidug Manyom’: Transnational Migration, Belonging and Social Change in Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Amburgey Emily , Gurung Yungdrung Tsewang
Published: December 2021

This paper explores transnational migration in and from Mustang, Nepal, a high-altitude region of the Himalayas, to understand how people who migrate and return reconstruct a sense of belonging to their birthplace. Narrative ethnography forms the core of this paper as we discuss the stories of four individuals from Mustang to explore the complex decision making around migration and the act of returning, permanently and cyclically. We build on theories of ‘transnationalism’ and ‘belonging,’ and emphasize the circular nature of migration, to argue that migratory journeys involve a continued evaluation of the social and economic realities of contemporary life at ‘home’—highlighting intergenerational tensions, ideas around cultural preservation, and a dynamic understanding of belonging in the context of a transnational community. Although financial need continues to be a primary driving force behind migration trends in Mustang, this paper acknowledges other factors that shape migration such as, family pressure and intergenerational tensions, and the infrastructural and technological developments that have made travel and communication easier and more reliable. Despite the widespread depopulation of Nepal’s highlands, we argue that many Mustangis who migrate remain committed to Mustang’s socioeconomic future, and nurture a connection to their ancestral homeland even as their transnational aspirations pull them away.
RESIDÊNCIA DOCENTE, EPISTEMOLOGIA DA PRÁTICA E CONHECIMENTOS DO PROFESSOR
Authors: Costa Samara Andrade , Santos Sonia Regina Mendes , Ferreira Diego , Bernado Elisangela da Silva
Published: December 2021

O artigo analisa o Programa de Residência Docente (PRD) oferecido pelo Colégio Federal Pedro II/ Rio de Janeiro, cujo objetivo, entre outros, é de complementar a formação inicial recebida em cursos de licenciatura. Trata-se de projeto de formação continuada com foco no desenvolvimento de competências docentes e em suas produções acadêmicas. O estudo priorizou a análise sobre o conhecimento pela, na e da experiência narrada pelos residentes em diálogo com estudiosos do campo da formação docente como: Roldão, Shulman, entre outros. Verificou-se a partir das entrevistas que o PRD mantém uma preocupação mais efetiva com a formação acadêmica e com a produção de trabalhos que estreitem os laços entre teoria e prática. Constatou-se que o PRD tem efeitos no autoquestionamento pelo professor de sua ação prática e de seu conhecimento acadêmico, sendo necessário aproximá-lo das possibilidades de implementação das atividades pedagógicas nas escolas de origem dos residentes.
Lecturas de Freire
Authors: Puiggrós Adriana
Published: December 2021

En este texto se examinan las ideas de Paulo Freire a través de la visión expresada por otros autores en una selección de prólogos de sus libros y de polémicas. Estos textos se han convertido en una producción con sentidos propios y distintos, en ocasiones disidentes. Se revisa el prólogo de Erari María Fioria a Pedagogía del oprimido; el de Julio Barreiro a La educación como práctica de la libertad; el prólogo de Freire a Educación como praxis política de Francisco Gutiérrez; así como las entrevistas de Ricardo Kotscho a Paulo Freire y Frei Betto y la de Carlos Alberto Torres a Freire. La lectura de estos textos proporciona nuevos ángulos desde los cuales analizar el mensaje freireano. Se examina la incidencia de las ideas iniciales del educador brasilero, se analiza el tránsito de su obra y se los confronta con la impronta actual del neoliberalismo en la educación.
Paulo Freire, un hombre atemporal
Authors: McLaren Peter
Published: December 2021

La pandemia de COVID-19 evidenció el surgimiento de dos figuras políticas defensoras del discurso de odio, el racismo y la discriminación: Donald Trump en Estados Unidos y Jair Bolsonaro en Brasil. A partir de sus acciones y discursos se evidencia una política de la posverdad que propicia el desencanto y la desesperanza frente al futuro. Se analiza la pedagogía freireana a partir de la experiencia en la Guinea Bissau recién independizada y la relación del pensamiento de Freire con la teología de la liberación y su opción preferencial por los pobres. Se subraya la importancia de la obra de Freire en Estados Unidos desde las primeras publicaciones en inglés de su obra, en 1970. Freire es una figura arquetípica; su pensamiento y su humanismo dialógico pueden ser recuperados y reinterpretados para contrarrestar la era de la posverdad, de caos e incertidumbre.
Flameless combustion of wood: charring and heat release characteristics
Authors: Kruglov E. Yu. , Aseeva R. M.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article presents the results of a research on the two stages of thermal decomposition of timber. The first stage of thermal decomposition is flame combustion, which is followed by a transition to flameless combustion due to the formation of a char layer on the surface of wood. The flameless process is accompanied not only by heterogeneous combustion, but, at least, three reactions: pyrolysis, thermal oxidative destruction of wood and oxidation of resulting coke.Goals and objectives. The goal is to identify the criteria of charring and heat release under the influence of an external radiative heat flux on samples of coniferous and deciduous species of wood using a standard flowthrough calorimeter with a focus on flameless combustion. Methods. A standard OSU flow-through calorimeter, produced by Atlas (USA), was used to identify heat release characteristics under the influence of external radiative heat fluxes that had the density of 20, 35 and 52 kW/m2. The lower limit of heat, released in the complete combustion of samples, that had a char layer, was identified using bomb calorimeter C-5000.Results. The co-authors analyzed the charring process and characteristics of heat release using samples of wood species that were 10 and 25 cm thick. Wood samples were exposed to combustion under the influence of an external radiative heat flux that had the density of 20, 35 and 52 kW/m2 subsequent to the results of tests, conducted using the OSU calorimeter. The co-authors evaluated the charring velocity and the coke layer thickness for the cases of flame and flameless combustion; efficient combustion heat release and the combustion completeness coefficient, as well as the sample shrinkage. The co-authors demonstrated that a transition from flame combustion to heterogeneous combustion occurs upon completion of the quasi-neutral burning of wood samples, which corresponds to the final point of heat release velocity curves and marks a transition from the behaviour of a thermally thick material to that of a thermally thin material.Conclusion. The obtained experimental data allow to forecast a change in the physical and heat engineering properties, characteristics of heat release in the processes of flame and flameless combustion of different wood species with account taken of the char layer formed on its surface under the influence of various heat fluxes.
A comparative analysis of the requirements of Russia and the United States to the fire resistance of building structures of oil refineries and petrochemical plants
Authors: Klementev B. A. , Kalach A. V. , Gravit M. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Currently, national standards and codes of practice contain deterministic values of the fire resistance of building structures of facilities of the Russian fuel and energy complex (FEC), while a probabilistic approach to determining their fire resistance is not specified in the Russian regulatory documents. The methodology of the probabilistic approach to the fire resistance of structures is detailed in API 2218 “Fireproofing Practices in Petroleum and Petrochemical Processing Plants”, developed by the American Petroleum Institute.Methods. A comparative analysis of the Russian regulatory documents on fire safety and API 2218 in terms of the established concepts of fireproofing and requirements for the fire resistance limits of building structures of oil and gas industry facilities, is carried out.Results. It was established that the Russian Federation has no regulatory documents establishing methods based on the probabilistic approach, including determination of the required fire resistance limits and points of application of fire-resistant coatings at facilities of the fuel and energy complex by analogy with international standard API 2218.Conclusion. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that approaches to the philosophy of the fire resistance of structures of buildings and structures of the fuel and energy complex in the documents under consideration are fundamentally different. In order to improve the Russian regulatory and technical framework, governing fire safety and fire resistance, it is proposed to consider the requirements of foreign documents that take into account proven international engineering and technical practices, in particular, the use of a probabilistic approach taking into account hydrocarbon fires.
An experimental study of the fire extinguishing ability of modular fire extinguishing installations if astralene-modified water mist is used
Authors: Pustovalov I. A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The aim of the research project is to study the effect produced by one type of carbon nanostructures, or astralenes, on processes of extinguishing oil product flame using finely sprayed water. Materials and research methods. The research is focused on fire extinguishing suspensions used in modular water mist installations for the fire extinguishing of oil products. Astralene-modified distilled water, having the volumetric concentration of nanostructures equal to 0.05–1.0 percent, was used as a fire extinguishing substance under research. The experiment was focused on the study of thermophysical characteristics of fire extinguishing liquids, such as density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, specific heat of vaporization. Also, studies were carried out to identify the rate of evaporation, the distribution of droplet sizes of sprayed fire extinguishing compositions, and the time needed to extinguish the model source of ignition of oil products.Research results. The dispersion of nanostructures of fire-extinguishing liquids allows to increase their density, surface tension by 20.6 %, increase the specific heat of vaporization if the volumetric concentration of astralenes is equal to 0.25 and 0.5 %, and boost the dynamic viscosity by 6.68–15.38 % at the temperature of 20 °С. The research was carried out to find the rate of evaporation of droplets of the modified fire-extinguishing liquid. It was found that an increase in the volumetric concentration of nanostructures from 0.05 to 0.5 % causes reduction in the evaporation rate.The droplet speed increases if the volumetric dispersion of astalenes goes up to 0 to 0.25 %. However, a further increase in the volumetric concentration of astralenes to 1.0 % causes a reduction in their speed. The extinguishing time was identified using a laboratory fire extinguishing installation. The distribution of droplet sizes of fire-extinguishing compositions is in the range of 20 to 160 microns. The fire extinguishing capacity of the installation was highest if a fire extinguishing composition had a 0.5 % volumetric concentration of astralenes.Conclusions. The modification of a fire extinguishing composition by carbon nanostructures leads to a change in its thermophysical characteristics. The addition of this composition to the installation, used at facilities involved in the processing of petroleum products, will increase its fire extinguishing ability. Further areas of research may include the development of astralene stabilization methods for suspensions and adaptation to low temperatures.
Non-Parametric Tests for Testing of Scale Parameters
Authors: Goyal Manish , Kumar Narinder
Published: December 2021

One of the fundamental problems in testing of equality of populations is of testing the equality of scale parameters. The subsequent usages for scale are dispersion, spread and variability. In this paper, we proposed non-parametric tests based on U-Statistics for the testing of equality of scale parameters. The null distribution of proposed tests is developed and its Pitman efficiency is worked out to compare proposed tests with respect to some existing tests. Simulation study is carried out to compute the asymptotic power of proposed tests. An illustrative example is also provided.
Incremento en la duración del permiso exclusivo para padres y sus consecuencias en el cuidado infantil desde la perspectiva de las madres
Authors: Romero-Balsas Pedro
Published: December 2021

Las paternidades van cambiando a lo largo del tiempo junto con, entre otros factores, innovaciones en políticas familiares. Este artículo testa la influencia en la implicación paterna en el cuidado de niños a través del incremento de la duración del permiso de paternidad de dos a cinco semanas llevado a cabo desde 2007 a 2018. Se utilizan los datos de la encuesta de fecundidad de 2018. El tamaño muestral es de 3.388 entrevistas. Se realizan modelos de regresión logística para diez tareas de cuidado de niños. Los resultados apuntan a que el permiso de paternidad de dos semanas conlleva una mayor implicación paterna en actividades de cuidado que incluyen la interacción y juego. Mientras que la utilización del permiso de paternidad de cuatro y cinco semanas favorece la implicación en tareas de cuidado físico. No obstante, no se observan cambios en las tareas de cuidado más feminizadas.
Presentación del debate. La prostitución, perspectivas sociológicas
Authors: Pozo Cuevas Federico , Cruz Márquez Beatriz
Published: December 2021

La prostitución no ha sido hasta fechas recientes un fenómeno muy estudiado en España. Pero se cuenta ya con un bagaje relevante y en sintonía con el escenario internacional. Acoger en la RES un debate sobre la prostitución resulta oportuno por dos motivos. Por un lado, porque ofrece a la comunidad sociológica y al público interesado una visión panorámica del conocimiento disponible en torno a este fenómeno. Por otro, porque valoriza dicho conocimiento al ponerlo a disposición del debate público en torno a la prostitución. Este debate será sin duda más fértil cuanto más fundamentado y trasparente sea lo que se sabe sobre la realidad prostitucional, cuanto mejor puedan desgranarse los elementos sobre los que se construyen las visiones más sesgadas o parciales a la hora de abordar, social, política y científicamente la presencia de prostitución en nuestra sociedad, sus motivaciones y sus consecuencias.
Prostitución, etnografía e historias de vida
Authors: López Riopedre José
Published: December 2021

El fenómeno de la prostitución se visibiliza en la esfera mediática y en el debate público, sin embargo, no cuenta con una suficiente fundamentación empírica que respalde nuestro conocimiento sobre la cuestión. Se arrojan cifras, se aventuran pronósticos, podría decirse algo así: “sobra ideología, falta etnografía”. Frente a estas distorsiones epistemológicas la etnografía se erige en herramienta metodológica fructífera e idónea para abordar la realidad social en contextos altamente estigmatizados y politizados como es el caso de la prostitución. Para mostrarlo me serviré de algunos estudios etnográficos, así como de mi experiencia de investigación y uso del método biográfico en este campo durante las últimas dos décadas.
The state and dynamics of the Russian mass consciousness and behavioral practices under the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Gorshkov M. K. , Tyurina I. O.
Published: December 2021

The expansion of the covid-19 has created a new pandemic social reality. In fact, for the first time in modern history, mankind faces a global crisis determined not by geopolitical or economic challenges but by a disease which spreads in most countries and all continents as a pandemic, which affects the current social-economic processes and development forecasts, reveals and intensifies the most acute social problems, and significantly transformed the functioning of the contemporary society. The pandemic was a complete surprise for the world and national communities - a surprise not so much medical or epidemiological as social. Already at the beginning of the pandemic, there was an opposition of two approaches to its probable social consequences. Some experts believed that it would change the society radically and irreversibly, would transform social institutions and change everyday life, and the world will never be the same. Others argued that the new social practices would not affect the deepest foundations of the established social order which would be later restored in its pre-coronavirus form [10]. However, it is obvious that the global and extraordinary social upheavals caused by the pandemic would have large-scale social consequences that need to be described and analyzed, in particular the impact of the coronavirus on the most important spheres and aspects of life as assessed by the people. The article is based on the results of the all-Russian sociological study and presents a comprehensive analysis of the Russian life under the pandemic. The authors provide data on the dynamics of material and social situation of Russians, explain the impact of the pandemic on the social-psychological well-being, public mentality and spiritual atmosphere. The authors pay particular attention to the behavioral practices of different groups of the Russian population according to their adaptation to new social-economic conditions, preservation and development of human potential, and view of the countrys future.
Engagement without accountability: The role of governments, field experts, and public intellectuals in the context of the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Radeljić B. , González-Villa C.
Published: December 2021

The outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic represented a major shock. In their effort to adapt their responses to the crisis to their own conditions of survival, governments have tended to resort to arguments that limit accountability to the population. Despite the privileged place they are presumed to have within contemporary societies, experts have been displaced from the decision-making processes of governments and delegitimized by the anti-intellectual drift favored by the way in which arguments are presented and debated in social media. At the same time, despite being perceived as capable of offering inside-out evaluations of specific phenomena and therefore capable of distinguishing between truths and big lies (and anything in-between), the role of public intellectuals seems to have been limited. The article analyses the responses of great power governments and regional powers in terms of the discursive practices deployed in the context of the covid-19 crisis, and the capacity of the aforementioned non-institutional actors to confront these discourses. As editors-in-chief, policymakers have felt passionate about war metaphors that have allowed them to deconstruct and make complex subjects accessible, and as such, to ensure a sufficient level of attention and public approval so that the fight against the enemy could begin. In addition, they have prompted the implementation of emergency measures that, in a context of geopolitical confrontation, have allowed them to evade individual responsibilities. Rather than using their knowledge to provide constructive examination of complex issues and make them accessible, so the ones who listen to them can hopefully understand the impact of specific policy preferences and minimize their own losses in the increasingly competitive environment, experts and intellectuals have seen their room for maneuver to influence policy formulations severely limited.
Assessment of the social well-being of families in Russian regions: A sociological analysis
Authors: Rostovskaya T. K. , Kuchmaeva O. V. , Zolotareva O. A.
Published: December 2021

Under the current humanitarian and technological revolution, the change of the paradigm of the social-economic development from the principle man for economy to the principle economy for man has become a priority criteria for positioning countries in the global space. The term quality of life plays the key role in this concept, since the high quality of life allows the state to accumulate on its territory the main resource - human capital. Improving the quality of life takes a leading place among the Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) approved by the UN General Assembly [19]. The 2020 Human Development Report underlines the meaning of a good life and the ways in which we can achieve it, and the emphasis is made on achieving the well-being of everyone [10]. The article is based on the data of the authors representative sociological survey on Demographic well-being of Russian regions conducted in 2020. The survey aimed at revealing the assessments of respondents from different regions of Russia of the metrics of family well-being, and at identifying family problems for the development of differentiated/narrowly focused measures to support families with children. Based on the survey data, the authors conducted a detailed analysis of the parameters of family well-being and of the role of the state social support in ensuring it in the respondents perspective. Russian families differ in their assessments of the significance of measures necessary to support the family, focus on measures of economic support, on the development of social infrastructure, and on the role of ideological influence. The cluster analysis confirmed the need for differentiated measures of the state social support, which would take into account the stages of the family life cycle (age of family members, number of children). The factor analysis allowed to identify the structure of Russians ideas about the main measures that would contribute to strengthening the family, which must be taken into account when developing managerial decisions in the field of the social-demographic development.
Memoria y disidencias gráficas: narraciones de una historia con las artes
Authors: Fajardo Leal Laura Paola
Published: December 2021

En contraste a la noción tradicional de Historia anclada al pensamiento cronológico y los cánones estilísticos del arte, surgen una suerte de microrrelatos visuales que, distantes de las simples metáforas asumidas en la creación gráfica, admiten una lectura entre líneas de la Historia como escenario para dinamizar la memoria y las prácticas artísticas. Es así como estos microrrelatos visuales entran en diálogo con las concepciones del pasado y sus incidencias en el presente para irrumpir en aquellos discursos hegemónicos replicados desde la Historia en su perspectiva monumental y anticuaria.
rapto de Ganimedes ¿Relación homosexual o institución griega?
Authors: Velásquez Páez David Alejandro
Published: December 2021

En la presente ponencia abordaremos el mito del rapto del troyano Ganimedes por parte del dios Zeus en uno de los relatos míticos cretenses más famosos; examinaremos su connotativo sexual y su relación con prácticas homosexuales durante la Grecia arcaica, más puntualmente su conexión ritual con las relaciones sexuales durante el proceso de educación de los ciu- dadanos. Posteriormente, hablaremos de cómo el mito se representa en el arte pictórico en varios episodios de la historia del arte, con el objeto de demostrar que el mito del rapto de Ganimedes durante la Grecia arcaica no fue reflejo del consentimiento de una abierta inclinación sexual hacia la homosexualidad masculina, y no fue sino hasta después de sus interpretaciones clásicas, con una progresiva erotización, donde el relato empieza a acompañar en el arte plástico las ideas de las relaciones homosexuales, hasta la Contrarreforma, donde este mito fue despojado de sus características eróticas.
A gafieira como instituição urbana
Authors: Medeiros Neto (UFF) Jorge Pinto
Published: December 2021

Baile de Gafieira: uma instituição urbana nos quadros da memória carioca, resultado de uma longa pesquisa do antropólogo Felipe Berocan Veiga, analisa detidamente o universo das gafieiras e dancings tomando como ponto de partida a etnografia da Gafieira Estudantina em seus últimos anos de funcionamento no centro histórico do Rio de Janeiro. Como uma instituição urbana e moderna por excelência, a gafieira possibilita que os corpos se aproximem num espaço público limitado, mobilizando dispositivos de autocontrole e regulação física da distância social, marcas da vida citadina. Com seus estatutos, valores e significados simbólicos, essa instituição “encarnada em personalidades fundamentais” inscreve a Praça Tiradentes como referência da dança no imaginário urbano carioca. O livro aborda um tema inédito sob a perspectiva antropológica, reconstituindo a memória social desses espaços voltados para a dança não só como um tipo de divertimento popular, mas como um rito urbano, que cria comportamentos e sociabilidades, estabelece costumes e dá vida a um modo de ser próprio da civilidade.
The PentaPuzzle
Authors: Kristoffer Borgen
Published: December 2021

The PentaPuzzle has the user placing objects of different shapes into openings in a pentagon shaped puzzlebox. The different objects only fit into certain spots on the box. If all the objects are fitted into the correct place, the light inside will turn on and shine through the top of the stylized box, casting a pattern of shadows onto the surrounding environment. This gives the user the satisfaction on making objects fit through openings, while also giving a sense of accomplishment and a visual reward for completing the puzzle.

The primary qualities of the puzzlebox is it’s pentagonical shape, it's many slots to put objects into and how it lights up when all it's conditions are fullfilled. Throughout the user's experience, it will take advantage of the user’s sense of feeling and sight.

To improve the product in the future, i would use a better light-source in order to make the light more apparent. I would also use magnets in order to give the shapes a better tactile feeling as the user inserts them into the box.
The impacts of tropical agriculture on biodiversity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Oakley Joseph , Bicknell Jake
Published: December 2021

Biodiversity underpins all food production and strengthens agricultural
resilience to crop failure. However, agricultural expansion is the
primary driver of biodiversity loss, particularly in the tropics where
crop production is increasing and intensifying rapidly to meet a growing
global food demand. It is therefore crucial to ask, how do different
crops and crop production systems impact biodiversity? Here we show the
increasing intensification of tropical agriculture since 1961, along
with a sharp rise in harvested area. Using meta-analysis, we find that
crop type, rotation time and agricultural intensity, are important
determinants of biodiversity assemblages. Perennial tropical crops that
are grown in shaded plantations or agroforests (e.g., banana and coffee)
support higher alpha-diversity, while those cultivated in unshaded and
often homogeneous plantations (e.g., maize, sugarcane, and oil palm)
have impoverished biodiversity communities, particularly annual crops.
These findings inform our understanding of changes in the ecological
contribution of biodiversity to tropical agriculture.
COVID-19 vaccine-induced Radiation Recall Phenomenon: report of a case
Authors: Sepaskhah Mozhdeh , Asl Fatemeh Ansari , Taheri Mehrnoosh , Jahromi Mojgan Akbarzadeh
Published: December 2021

Radiation Recall Phenomenon (RRP) is an inflammatory process in the site
of irradiation, induced by physical and medical agents. Few cases of RRP
in the skin and lung have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination.
Here, we report radiation recall dermatitis after both doses of
inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Sinopharm, China).