bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From proto-missional to mega-church: A critique of ecclesial ‘growth’ in Korea
Authors: Lee Yongsoo , Dreyer Wim A.
Published: March 2018

In the last couple of decades, the Korean church experienced a loss of credibility as well as a decrease in membership. The premise of this contribution is that the mega-church phenomenon in Korea contributed to this state of affairs. Many Korean churches, influenced by dramatic sociopolitical and economic changes, developed a distorted understanding of its nature and mission. Korean churches began to compete against each other to grow bigger. An institutional ecclesiology and ecclesiocentric understanding of mission formed the basis of this endeavour. To counter this tendency, some churches turned to missional ecclesiology to facilitate the reformation of the Korean church. According to empirical data, Korean society rates mega-churches negatively while they evaluate missional churches positively. This provided further impetus for the current emerging missional movement in Korea.
Weaving in connections: Studying changes in early grades additive relations teaching
Authors: Ekdahl Anna-Lena , Venkat Hamsa , Runesson Ulla , Askew Mike
Published: March 2018

In this article, we present aspects of teaching that draw attention to connections – both within and between examples – in order to explore the potential objects of learning that are brought into being in the classroom space and thus what is made available to learn. Our focus is on exploring differences in teaching over time, in the context of learning study style development activity of additive relation problems in three Grade 3 classes in South Africa. In a context where highly-localised and fragmented instruction has been noted, this study reports on the nature and extent of changes in connections in instruction over time. The application of a coding framework focused on simultaneity and connections in teaching points to a richer range of structural relationships within examples, and more connecting work between examples in the second year in comparison to the first year.
Challenges and Opportunities in Disease Forecasting in Outbreak Settings: A Case Study of Measles in Lola Prefecture, Guinea
Authors: Graham Matthew , Suk Jonathan E. , Takahashi Saki , Metcalf C. Jessica , Jimenez A. Paez , Prikazsky Vladimir , Ferrari Matthew J. , Lessler Justin
Published: March 2018

We report on and evaluate the process and findings of a real-time modeling exercise in response to an outbreak of measles in Lola prefecture, Guinea, in early 2015 in the wake of the Ebola crisis. Multiple statistical methods for the estimation of the size of the susceptible (i.e., unvaccinated) population were applied to weekly reported measles case data on seven subprefectures throughout Lola. Stochastic compartmental models were used to project future measles incidence in each subprefecture in both an initial and a follow-up iteration of forecasting. Measles susceptibility among 1- to 5-year-olds was estimated to be between 24% and 43% at the beginning of the outbreak. Based on this high baseline susceptibility, initial projections forecasted a large outbreak occurring over approximately 10 weeks and infecting 40 children per 1,000. Subsequent forecasts based on updated data mitigated this initial projection, but still predicted a significant outbreak. A catch-up vaccination campaign took place at the same time as this second forecast and measles cases quickly receded. Of note, case reports used to fit models changed significantly between forecast rounds. Model-based projections of both current population risk and future incidence can help in setting priorities and planning during an outbreak response. A swiftly changing situation on the ground, coupled with data uncertainties and the need to adjust standard analytical approaches to deal with sparse data, presents significant challenges. Appropriate presentation of results as planning scenarios, as well as presentations of uncertainty and two-way communication, is essential to the effective use of modeling studies in outbreak response.
Natural Infection of Phlebotomus sergenti by Leishmania tropica in Libya
Authors: Dokhan Mostafa Ramadhan , Jaouadi Kaouther , Salem Sadok , Zenbil Osama , Gonzalez Jean Paul , Ben Salah Afif , Annajar Badreddin Bashir
Published: March 2018

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health concern caused by Leishmania (L.) major and L. tropica in Libya. Information on sandfly vectors, as well as their associated Leishmania species, is of paramount importance because vector dispersion is one of the major factors responsible for pathogen dissemination. A number of 515 sandflies (275 males and 240 females) were collected during June–November 2012 using the Centers for Disease Control miniature light traps from Al Rabta, northwest of Libya. Two hundred and forty unfed females were identified; Phlebotomus (Ph.) papatasi (N = 97), Ph. sergenti (N = 27), Ph. longicuspis (N = 32), Sergentomyia (Se.) minuta (N = 38), and Se. fallax (N = 46). These flies were screened for Leishmania DNA using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and sequencing. Two Ph. sergenti were found positive to L. tropica DNA. This finding should be considered for any further vector surveillance and epidemiological studies of CL in endemic areas across Libya.
Reading Etty Hillesum in Context
Authors: Smelik Klaas A.D. , Oord Gerrit , Wiersma Jurjen , Clement Marja , Bergen Lotte , Coetsier Meins , Molen Janny , Schrijver Piet , Yokohata Yukiko , Nagel Alexandra , Vandewalle Ellen , DeCosta Denise , Krabbendam Hans , Couto Patricia , Gur-Klein Thali , Beriault Yves , Evans Mary , Commers Ronald , Aluffi Pentini Anna
Published: March 2018

The diaries and letters of Etty Hillesum (1914—1943) have a special place among the Jewish-Dutch testimonies of the Shoah, so much so that Etty Hillesum studies has become its own field. This book offers the most important contributions from the past fifteen years of international research into Hillesum’s work and life, studying her ethical, philosophical, spiritual, and literary existential search.
Ubiquitous influence of wildfire emissions and secondary organic aerosol on summertime atmospheric aerosol in the forested Great Lakes region
Authors: Gunsch Matthew J. , May Nathaniel W. , Wen Miao , Bottenus Courtney L. H. , Gardner Daniel J. , VanReken Timothy M. , Bertman Steven B. , Hopke Philip K. , Ault Andrew P. , Pratt Kerri A.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Long-range aerosol transport affects locations hundreds of
kilometers from the point of emission, leading to distant particle sources
influencing rural environments that have few major local sources. Source
apportionment was conducted using real-time aerosol chemistry measurements
made in July 2014 at the forested University of Michigan Biological Station
near Pellston, Michigan, a site representative of the remote forested Great
Lakes region. Size-resolved chemical composition of individual
0.5–2.0 µm particles was measured using an aerosol
time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), and non-refractory aerosol mass
less than 1 µm (PM1) was measured with a high-resolution
aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). The field site was influenced by air
masses transporting Canadian wildfire emissions and urban pollution from
Milwaukee and Chicago. During wildfire-influenced periods,
0.5–2.0 µm particles were primarily aged biomass burning
particles (88 % by number). These particles were heavily coated with
secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during transport, with organics
(average O∕C ratio of 0.8) contributing 89 % of the
PM1 mass. During urban-influenced periods, organic carbon,
elemental carbon–organic carbon, and aged biomass burning particles were
identified, with inorganic secondary species (ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate)
contributing 41 % of the PM1 mass, indicative of atmospheric
processing. With current models underpredicting organic carbon in this
region and biomass burning being the largest combustion contributor to SOA by
mass, these results highlight the importance for regional chemical transport
models to accurately predict the impact of long-range transported particles
on air quality in the upper Midwest, United States, particularly considering
increasing intensity and frequency of Canadian wildfires.
Contrasting behaviors of the atmospheric CO2 interannual variability during two types of El Niños
Authors: Wang Jun , Zeng Ning , Wang Meirong , Jiang Fei , Chen Jingming , Friedlingstein Pierre , Jain Atul K. , Jiang Ziqiang , Ju Weimin , Lienert Sebastian , Nabel Julia , Sitch Stephen , Viovy Nicolas , Wang Hengmao , Wiltshire Andrew J.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. El Niño has two different flavors: eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niños, with different global teleconnections. However, their different impacts on carbon cycle interannual variability remain unclear. We here compared the behaviors of the atmospheric CO2 interannual variability and analyzed their terrestrial mechanisms during these two types of El Niños, based on Mauna Loa (MLO) CO2 growth rate (CGR) and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) historical simulations. Composite analysis shows that evolutions of MLO CGR anomaly have three clear differences in terms of (1) negative and neutral precursors in boreal spring of El Niño developing years (denoted as “yr0”), (2) strong and weak amplitudes, and (3) durations of peak from December (yr0) to April of El Niño decaying year (denoted as “yr1”) and from October (yr0) to January (yr1) during EP and CP El Niños, respectively. Models simulated global land–atmosphere carbon flux (FTA) is able to capture the essentials of these characteristics. We further find that the gross primary productivity (GPP) over the tropics and extratropical southern hemisphere (Trop+SH) generally dominates the global FTA variations during both El Niño types. Regionally, significant anomalous carbon uptake caused by more precipitation and colder temperature, corresponding to the negative precursor, occurs between 30° S and 20° N from January (yr0) to June (yr0), while the strongest anomalous carbon releases, due largely to the reduced GPP induced by low precipitation and warm temperature, happen between equator and 20° N from February (yr1) to August (yr1) during EP El Niño events. In contrast, during CP El Niño events, clear carbon releases exist between 10° N and 20° S from September (yr0) to September (yr1), resulted from the widespread dry and warm climate conditions. Different spatial patterns of land temperature and precipitation in different seasons associated with EP and CP El Niños account for the characteristics in evolutions of GPP, terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER), and resultant FTA. Understanding these different behaviors of the atmospheric CO2 interannual variability along with their terrestrial mechanisms during EP and CP El Niños is important because CP El Niño occurrence rate might increase under global warming.
Gravity Waves excited during a Minor Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Dörnbrack Andreas , Gisinger Sonja , Kaifler Natalie , Portele Tanja , Bramberger Martina , Rapp Markus , Gerding Micheal , Faber Jens , Žagar Nedjeljka , Jelić Damjan
Published: March 2018

Abstract. An exceptionally deep upper-air sounding launched from Kiruna airport (67.82° N, 20.337° E) on 30 January 2016 stimulated the current investigation of internal gravity waves excited during a minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Arctic winter 2015/16. The analysis of the radiosonde profile revealed large kinetic and potential energies in the upper stratosphere without any simultaneous enhancement of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric values. Upward propagating inertia-gravity waves in the upper stratosphere and downward propagating modes in the lower stratosphere indicated a region of gravity wave generation in the stratosphere. Two-dimensional wavelet analysis was applied to vertical time series of temperature fluctuations in order to determine the vertical propagation direction of the stratospheric gravity waves in one-hourly high-resolution meteorological analyses and short-term forecasts. The separation of up- and downward propagating waves provided further evidence for a stratospheric source of gravity waves. The scale-dependent decomposition of the flow into a balanced component and inertia-gravity waves showed that coherent wave packets preferentially occurred at the inner edge of the Arctic polar vortex where a sub-vortex formed during the minor SSW.
Using Network Theory and Machine Learning to predict El Niño
Authors: Nooteboom Peter D. , Feng Qing Yi , López Cristóbal , Hernández-García Emilio , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The skill of current predictions of the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) reduces significantly beyond a lag of six months. In this paper, we aim to increase this prediction skill at lags up to one year. The new method to do so combines a classical Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average technique with a modern machine learning approach (through an Artificial Neural Network). The attributes in such a neural network are derived from topological properties of Climate Networks and are tested on both a Zebiak–Cane-type model and observations. For predictions up to six months ahead, the results of the hybrid model give a better skill than the CFSv2 ensemble prediction by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Moreover, results for a twelve-month lead time prediction have a similar skill as the shorter lead time predictions.
Seasonal evolution of soil and plant parameters on the agricultural Gebesee test site: a database for the set-up and validation of EO-LDAS and satellite-aided retrieval models
Authors: Truckenbrodt Sina C. , Schmullius Christiane C.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Ground reference data are a prerequisite for the calibration, update, and validation of retrieval models facilitating the monitoring of land parameters based on Earth Observation data. Here, we describe the acquisition of a comprehensive ground reference database which was created to test and validate the recently developed Earth Observation Land Data Assimilation System (EO-LDAS) and products derived from remote sensing observations in the visible and infrared range. In situ data were collected for seven crop types (winter barley, winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, winter rape, potato, and sugar beet) cultivated on the agricultural Gebesee test site, central Germany, in 2013 and 2014. The database contains information on hyperspectral surface reflectance factors, the evolution of biophysical and biochemical plant parameters, phenology, surface conditions, atmospheric states, and a set of ground control points. Ground reference data were gathered at an approximately weekly resolution and on different spatial scales to investigate variations within and between acreages. In situ data collected less than 1 day apart from satellite acquisitions (RapidEye, SPOT 5, Landsat-7 and -8) with a cloud coverage  ≤  25 % are available for 10 and 15 days in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The measurements show that the investigated growing seasons were characterized by distinct meteorological conditions causing interannual variations in the parameter evolution. Here, the experimental design of the field campaigns, and methods employed in the determination of all parameters, are described in detail. Insights into the database are provided and potential fields of application are discussed. The data will contribute to a further development of crop monitoring methods based on remote sensing techniques. The database is freely available at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.874251).
When is water withdrawal data enough?
Authors: Ruddell Benjamin L.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Despite the centrality of the water balance equation to hydrologic and hydraulic science and engineering, in 2018 we lack empirical observations of consumptive use of water by humans and their economy. It is therefore worth considering what we can do with the withdrawal-based water use data we already possess, and what future measurements would be required to more accurately quantify consumptive use for the most common cases of human water use at census scales of space and time. Fortunately, a wide range applied water management and policy questions can be addressed using currently available withdrawal numbers. When a more advanced water use census is implemented, Simple Net Consumptive Use (SNCU) methods are insufficient for most common cases of human water use. Presented here are the common special cases that complicate consumptive use calculations. This discussion clarifies the problems we need to solve to measure humans’ consumptive use of water at census scales, and argues that – while we are waiting for these data – the withdrawal data we already possess are adequate for some of our most important scientific and applied purposes.
Brief communication: Using averaged soil moisture estimates to improve the performances of a regional-scale landslide early warning system
Authors: Segoni Samuele , Rosi Ascanio , Lagomarsino Daniela , Fanti Riccardo , Casagli Nicola
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We communicate the results of a preliminary investigation aimed at
improving a state-of-the-art RSLEWS (regional-scale landslide early
warning system) based on rainfall thresholds by integrating mean
soil moisture values averaged over the territorial units of the
system. We tested two approaches. The simplest can be easily applied
to improve other RSLEWS: it is based on a soil moisture threshold
value under which rainfall thresholds are not used because
landslides are not expected to occur. Another approach deeply
modifies the original RSLEWS: thresholds based on antecedent
rainfall accumulated over long periods are substituted with soil
moisture thresholds. A back analysis demonstrated that both
approaches consistently reduced false alarms, while the second
approach reduced missed alarms as well.
A RESERVA LEGAL NO ÂMBITO DO CADASTRO AMBIENTAL RURAL: BREVE ANÁLISE DO SISTEMA DE REGULARIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DO IMÓVEL RURAL
Authors: Oliveira Athila Leandro de , Borges Luís Antônio Coimbra , Barros Dalmo Arantes de , Laudares Sarita Soraia de Alcântara , Santiago Thais Muniz Ottoni , Costa-Júnior José Edimar Vieira
Published: March 2018

A Nova Lei Florestal (nº 12.651/2012), também conhecida como “Novo Código Florestal”, trouxe, em seu artigo 68, a possibilidade dos proprietários ou possuidores de imóveis rurais, que realizaram supressão de vegetação nativa de acordo com os percentuais de Reserva Legal (RL) previstos nas legislações da época em que ocorreu a supressão, sejam dispensados de promover a recomposição. A ocupação consolidada das RL pode ser comprovada por todos os meios de prova em direito admitidos. Ao descrever as principais modificações normativas ao longo do tempo, a partir de uma revisão do arcabouço legal no tocante da RL, objetivou-se caracterizar as respectivas implicações ambientais da aplicação do artigo 68 da Nova Lei Florestal. Observou-se que a RL é um dispositivo que foi criado pelo 1º Código Florestal de 1934 e passou por diversas transformações, a fim de torná-la mais efetiva na proteção do meio ambiente. O tipo de uso também foi sendo restringido. Entende-se que as legislações foram importantes para correções dos lapsos legais, uma vez que o 2º Código Florestal, Lei nº 4.771/1965, possibilitava interpretações dúbias, que foram posteriormente corrigidas. Conclui-se que o art. 68 consagra o direito adquirido, porém abre espaço para que aqueles que promoveram cortes rasos de forma legal deem continuidade ao ato que hoje é considerado ilícito. Por um lado, esta flexibilização trouxe prejuízos para a conservação das áreas de RL; por outro lado, permitiu ocupações de baixo impacto pelos agricultores familiares.
PROGNOSE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA NA AMAZÔNIA UTILIZANDO REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS E AUTÔMATOS CELULARES
Authors: Reis Leonardo Pequeno , Lopes de Souza Agostinho , Marques dos Reis Reis Pamella Carolline , Mazzei Lucas , Henrique Breda Binoti Daniel , Garcia Leite Helio
Published: March 2018

A análise da distribuição diamétrica é imprescindível para o manejo florestal, pois subsidia a avaliação dos estoques remanescentes e de colheita de madeira. Este trabalho teve como objetivo projetar a distribuição diamétrica utilizando redes neurais artificias (RNA) e autômatos celulares (AC). Em 1979, foi realizada colheita seletiva com intensidade de 72,5 m3 ha-1 em uma área de 64 ha na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós – PA. Na projeção da distribuição, foram empregadas RNA como regra de evolução de AC, considerando a probabilidade de árvores da projeção e suas vizinhas mais próximas. A projeção em todos os períodos analisados não apresentou diferença estatística a 5% de significância em relação à observada, demonstrando que a projeção seguiu a tendência da dinâmica da distribuição. As RNA e AC são eficientes e podem ser utilizadas para projetar a distribuição diamétrica ao longo do ciclo de corte.
COMPOSTO DE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS DE SUINOCULTURA NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS
Authors: Da Ros Clovis Orlando , Torchelsen Marcela De Melo , Somavilla Lucindo , Da Silva Rodrigo Ferreira , Rodrigues Alexandre Couto
Published: March 2018

O crescimento e a qualidade das mudas de espécies florestais estão relacionados ao tipo de substrato. Assim, objetivou-se quantificar a emergência das plântulas, o crescimento e a qualidade de mudas de três espécies florestais com diferentes proporções de composto de águas residuárias de suinocultura (CARS) misturado ao substrato comercial (SC). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 5: três espécies florestais (Eucalyptus benthamii, Toona ciliata e Khaya ivorensis) e cinco proporções de CARS adicionadas ao SC (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%). Foram avaliados o percentual de emergência das plântulas e o crescimento em altura das mudas. A qualidade das mudas foi avaliada por meio de relações entre altura, diâmetro do colo e massa seca das mudas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise da variância a 5% de probabilidade de erro e ajustados a modelos de regressão polinomial quando significativo o fator proporção de CARS adicionadas no SC. A substituição total ou parcial do SC por CARS não alterou a emergência das plântulas, o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas das espécies florestais. A produção de mudas das três espécies florestais pode ser realizada com CARS obtido através de compostagem em unidades mecanizadas, em substituição parcial ou total ao SC.
SME Development Banks: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Casagrande A. , Spallone M. , Mango Fabio Massimo , Murè Pina
Published: March 2018

In this paper we develop a conceptual framework to define small and medium-sized enterprise development banks (SMEDB). This conceptual effort is motivated by the lack of a clear definition of SMEDB. Once a consistent definition of SMEDB is provided, we compare a sample of banks that are SMEDB according to such definition with a sample of commercial banks. We conclude that it is possible to separate SMEDB from commercial banks in a statistically significant manner by taking into consideration a set of relevant financial indicators and we confirm the widespread idea that SMEDB play a crucial public/social role.
Empirical Assessment of Factors Influencing Corporate Performance of China’s Independent Brand Automobile Companies
Authors: Wu Maoguo , Wu Zhenyu
Published: March 2018

China’s independent brand automobile is an infant industry in China. It is characterized by a small share in the world market and low price with unreliable quality. However, continuous expansion of China’s population, an increase in the number of high-end consumers, coupled with rapid economic development, serve altogether to promise China’s independent brand automobile companies a bright future. In October 2014, China introduced a favorable policy that low-exhaust models (1.6L and below) pay half of previous purchase tax. Afterwards, China’s independent brand automobile industry experienced a booming period. Nevertheless, the gradual degradation of policy dividend, changes in market environment, and consumer awareness, have compelled China’s independent brand automobile companies to adjust their original business model and to innovate accordingly so as to meet new market demand.This paper empirically investigates factors influencing corporate performance of China’s independent brand automobile companies. It utilizes data of all 18 listed China’s independent brand automobile companies between 2012 and 2016. Factors assessed include capital scale, enterprise growth rate, capital turnover rate, enterprise solvency, research and development expenditure input intensity, sales channel, human resources etc. Empirical results find that the scale of the company, the growth rate of total assets, the growth rate of net profit, the profit margin of core business, the operating profit margin, the current ratio, the quick ratio, the intensity of research and development investment, and the ratio of highly educated employees, are the key factors which enhance corporate performance of China’s independent brand automobile companies.
Routine Use of Radiostereometric Analysis in Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients: Surgical Impact, Safety, and Bead Stability
Authors: Shah Roshan P. , MacLean Leanna , Paprosky Wayne G. , Sporer Scott
Published: March 2018

Background:

Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) accurately assesses arthroplasty implant performance and is routinely used for research purposes. Because of its efficacy in detecting implant failure in research subjects, we deployed the use of RSA beads for routine surveillance in all elective total hip and total knee arthroplasty patients.

Methods:

We retrospectively compared 143 patients who received RSA beads intraoperatively with 343 patients who did not receive RSA beads. Using RSA images, we assessed bead stability at 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

There were no intraoperative complications in the RSA group and two in the control group. No differences were found between groups for the surgical time and the expected blood loss. At 6 weeks, 99.5% of beads were considered to be stable, with stability increasing to 99.7% of beads at 1 year.

Conclusion:

The routine use of RSA bead insertion is a safe procedure and may provide the ability to assess implant fixation in clinical practice.
Empathy in the Curriculum for Patient Care
Authors: Diaz Perez Anderson , Fernández Aragón Shirley Paola , Díaz Narváez Víctor Patricio , Beleño Ailem Fernández , Navarro-Quiroz Elkin , Mendoza Cataño Carmenza Leonor
Published: March 2018

INTRODUCTION: Empathy on nursing education is an important element in therapeutic communication and in the type of humanized care provided, due the strengthening of the nurse-patient relationship depends on this.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of empathy on nursing students of a Higher Education Institution. Cartagena de Indias/Colombia.MATERIAL & METHODS: Cross-sectional exploratory study. A sample of 320 nursing students from first to fourth year of training, to whom the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale (JMES) was applied in the Spanish version.RESULTS: Levels of empathy are reflected more in women than in men in general. However, some values vary with respect to the average at 3.14 levels in relation to the first year of schooling.CONCLUSION: The need for a curricular redesign and favoring empathic actions by professors worthy of being imitated by students as a way of encouraging empathy when caring for patients.
Disclosure of Audit Activities in Annual Reports: A Comparative Study of Selected Listed Companies in Botswana and South Africa
Authors: Modirelabangwe Gorata Onthatile , Phatshwane Percy M. D.
Published: March 2018

Audit activities form part of the key functions that enhance the reliability and validity of financial and non-financial information. One of the reporting processes investors and other stakeholders rely on when making decisions is the annual reports of enterprises which are a compilation of various reporting elements. Although internal auditors do not make direct disclosures in annual reports, many financial and non-financial disclosures are for audited items. Ultimately internally-audit activities and those of the external auditor are reflected in disclosures made by the internal audit function, the audit committee, and the external auditors themselves. The main objective of this study was to identify the levels of audit disclosure made in reference to the activities of IAFs, external auditor and the audit board committee, and to make comparisons therein between Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies. To uncover the extent of these disclosures the current study derived seventeen (17) mandatory or voluntary audit disclosure areas that were used to conduct text analysis and to determine disclosures made for a cross-country study of three companies, each from the areas of retail, banking and insurance selected from the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The study found that audit committees and internal audit functions dominated the disclosure of the audit-related variables, and that external auditors tend to confine their disclosure to areas concerned with presentation and qualification of financial statements. The study also found that companies listed in the JSE made more disclosures than their BSE counterparts, and that the retail sector made fewer disclosures as compared to the other two sectors. Furthermore, disclosures related to assessment and management risk as well as aspects of internal audit functions were the two most frequently disclosed variables in both geographic locations. The study goes on to recommend that future studies make more comparative studies by sector, geographic location, and to explore the use of a broader range of auditing variables.
One world in diversity – A social-psychological intervention to foster international collective action intention
Authors: Knab Nadine , Steffens Melanie C.
Published: March 2018

Although effective interventions to increase international collective action for human rights are highly desirable, the validation of theory-based interventions and their transfer to this practical field is still scarce. We investigated whether collective action intention can be improved by using a diversity intervention technique rooted in social psychology. The intervention builds on the ingroup projection model, postulating that negative intergroup relations are based on the perception of ingroups as more typical of a common superordinate group than outgroups (i.e., relative prototypicality). Thereby, the (quasi-)experimental study tested the ingroup projection model’s theoretical assumptions in the context of Model United Nations (MUN) conferences. We hypothesized that the diversity intervention leads to a higher perceived diversity within the superordinate group (the United Nations, UN) as well as identification with the superordinate group (UN). Furthermore, we hypothesized an indirect effect of the intervention on collective action intention mediated by perception of diversity of, and identification with, the superordinate group. In comparison to the control group (n = 45), those participants who received the diversity workshop intervention (n = 55) perceived less relative prototypicality and more diversity of the UN. In addition, we provide evidence of a serial mediation: Compared to the control group, the diversity workshop group perceived the UN as relatively more diverse, facilitating identification with the UN. In turn, this was associated with a stronger intention to act collectively. This study shows the importance of including psychological theories in the field of international relations.
From I to We: Group formation and linguistic adaption in an online xenophobic forum
Authors: Bäck Emma A. , Bäck Hanna , Gustafsson Sendén Marie , Sikström Sverker
Published: March 2018

Much of identity formation processes nowadays takes place online, indicating that intergroup differentiation may be found in online communities. This paper focuses on identity formation processes in an open online xenophobic, anti-immigrant, discussion forum. Open discussion forums provide an excellent opportunity to investigate open interactions that may reveal how identity is formed and how individual users are influenced by other users. Using computational text analysis and Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), our results show that new users change from an individual identification to a group identification over time as indicated by a decrease in the use of “I” and increase in the use of “we”. The analyses also show increased use of “they” indicating intergroup differentiation. Moreover, the linguistic style of new users became more similar to that of the overall forum over time. Further, the emotional content decreased over time. The results indicate that new users on a forum create a collective identity with the other users and adapt to them linguistically.
DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF ESTRADIOL CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OF THE DOMESTIC CATS (FELIS CATUS) OVER THE PERIOD OF ONE YEAR
Authors: Katica A. , Mlaćo N. , Katica M.
Published: March 2018

Reproductive ability of the domestic cats, based on the experience, varies,which depends on the range of both internal and external factors. Like their wildcounterparts, the domestic cats reproduce several times a year; hence, they arepolyestric animals. Actuality of endocrinological testing, considering the extremeimportance of the ovaries in the neuroendocrinology system and the importance ofimpact of different factors, climatic factors in particular from the aspect of the onsetand detection of estrus, prompted us to determine the frequency of estrus duringthe period of one year, based on the level of estradiol concentration in blood serum.
КВАЛИТЕТ ПАШТЕТА НА БАЊАЛУЧКОМ ТРЖИШТУ У 2013. ГОДИНИ
Authors: Дојчиновић С. , Недић Д. Н. , Пећанац Б. , Балтић М. Ж.
Published: March 2018

Квалитет производа од меса дефинисан је у Републици Српској Правилником оуситњеном месу, полупроизводима и производима од меса („Сл. гласник БиХ“ бр.82/2013). Циљ рада био је да се испита хемијски састав јетрених и пилећих паште-та, као и да се утврди учесталост одступања садржаја састојака чије су вриједностипрописане Правилником. Просјечан садржај протеина код испитаних 13 узоракапилеће паштете био је 11,72% (10,40%–12,43%), а код 10 узорака јетрене паште-те 11,13% (9,80%–12,18%). Просјечан садржај масти био је код узорака пилећепаштете 24,89% (20,94%–27,92%) и јетрене паштете 22,81% (13,66%–26,99%).Просјечан садржај соли био је код узорака пилеће паштете 1,73% (1,25%–2,06%)и код узорака јетрене паштете 1,81% (1,63%–2,07%). Просјечан садржај воде уузорцима пилеће паштете износио је 60,25% (57,32%–62,61%), а у узорцимајетерене паштете 62,59% (60,27%–67,23%). Испитивани узорци испуњавали сузахтјеве прописане Правилником.
KLINIČKA I HISTOPATOLOŠKA ISPITIVANJA LIMFOCITNOPLAZMOCITNOG DUODENITISA PASA
Authors: Krstić V. , Glišić A.
Published: March 2018

Hronična oboljenja tankih creva pasa su ređa od akutnih poremećaja i samim timteže se dijagnostikuju. Među ova oboljenja spada idiopatsko zapaljenje tankih creva,koje se odlikuje infi ltracijom ćelija infl amacije unutar l. propriae tankih creva, tunikemukoze tankih creva. Na osnovu kliničke slike i opšteg kliničkog pregleda moguće jepostaviti sumnju. Analizom krvne slike pasa zapaža se leukocitoza i limfocitoza, dokse biohemijskim analizama može utvrditi različit stepen hipoproteinemije i hipoalbuminemije.Specijalističkim pregledom creva endoskopom može se uočiti različitstepen promena na sluznici tankih creva, od blagog edema do ulceracija. Tek nakonbiopsije sluznice tankih creva i histopatološkog pregleda moguće je postaviti dijagnozulimfocitno-plazmocitnog duodenitisa. Iako je dijagnoza poznata, etiologija ovogoboljenja nije u potpunosti poznata, tako da je za postavljanje defi nitivne dijagnozepotrebno isključiti sva druga oboljenja sa istim ili sličnim simptomima. Tokom ovogistraživanja sprovedenog na gastroenterološkim pacijentima ambulante Klinike zamale životinje Fakulteta veterinarske medicine u Beogradu tokom oktobra, novembrai decembra 2011. godine, kod četrnaest pacijenata je dijagnostikovan hroničnilimfocitno-plazmocitni enteritis i limfocitni enteritis.
SPECIFIČNA AKTIVNOST 40K I 137Cs U UZORCIMA ZEMLJE, SENA, MAHOVINE I MLEKA PRIKUPLJENIH SA PODRUČJA KOPAONIKA
Authors: Mitrović B. M. , Vitorović G. Č. , Lazić M.
Published: March 2018

Kopaonik je najviša planina Srbije sa odličnim uslovima za gajenje malih i velikihpreživara. Obiluje brojnim prirodnim i kulturnim bogatstvima i jedan je od najvećihturističkih centara u Srbiji. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se odredi specifi čna aktivnostradionuklida 137Cs i 40K u životnoj sredini Kopaonika i da se dobijene vrednosti uporedesa rezultatima dobijenim godinu dana posle černobiljskog akcidenta. Uzorci zemlje,mahovine, sena i mleka su prikupljani na različitim nadmorskim visinama, sa šestlokacija u opštinama Raška i Brus. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je radioaktivni137Cs i dalje prisutan u životnoj sredini Kopaonika, i to u uzorcima zemljišta imahovina. U zemljištu je najviša specifi čna aktivnost 137Cs detektovana na lokalitetuJošanička banja (142 Bq/kg), a u mahovinama na lokalitetu Lisina (228 Bq/kg). Unajvećem broju ispitivanih uzoraka zemljišta, specifi čna aktivnost 137Cs je bila duplomanja u odnosu na vrednosti izmerene 1987. godine, što se podudara sa njegovimfi zičkim vremenom poluraspada (30 godina). U uzorcima sena i mleka, specifi čnaaktivnost 137Cs je bila ispod praga detekcije, što ukazuje na to da ovaj radionuklidnije uključen u lanac ishrane.
UPOREDNA ANALIZA SEROLOŠKIH METODA U DIJAGNOSTICI BRUCELOZE GOVEDA
Authors: Zorić A. , Krdžić I.
Published: March 2018

Bruceloza je zarazno oboljenje domaćih, divljih životinja i ljudi, rašireno u celomsvetu. Dijagnostika bruceloze putem izolacije uzročnika je veoma teška, dugotrajnai predstavlja rizik od infekcije. Iz tih razloga, serološke metode predstavljaju metodeizbora.Cilj rada je bila uporedna analiza specifi čnosti i osetljivosti testova za dijagnostikubruceloze koji se rutinski koriste na teritoriji Republike Srbije.Ukupno je ispitano 120 uzoraka krvnog seruma goveda na prisustvo specifi čnihantitela protiv Brucella spp. Svi serumi su prvo ispitani primenom Rose Bengal testa.Uzorci koji su pokazali pozitivnu reakciju su zatim ispitivani primenom iELISA i cELISAtesta. Izračunavanje osetljivosti i specifi čnosti seroloških testova je sprovedenona osnovu dobijenih rezultata.Analizom osetljivosti i specifi čnosti zaključeno je da su obe metode (Rose Bengaltest, iELISA test) visoko osetljive (100%, 92%) sa razlikom od 8% u korist iELISA testa,koji se pokazao i kao daleko specifi čnija metoda (91%) u odnosu na Rose Bengaltest (69%).Uporednom analizom rezultata dobijenih u ispitivanju osetljivosti i specifi čnostiRose Bengal testa i indirektne imunoenzimske metode (iELISA) u otkrivanju specifičnih antitela protiv Brucella spp. u krvnim serumima goveda, utvđena je većaosetljivost i specifi čnost metode iELISA u odnosu na Rose Bengal test.
КОНТРОЛА ЛОКОМОТОРНОГ СИСТЕМА НЕРАСТОВА НА КОМЕРЦИЈАЛНОЈ ФАРМИ
Authors: Бојковски Ј. , Вакањац С. , Васиљевић Т.
Published: March 2018

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Molecular biodiversity under ocean warming: proteomics and fitness data provide clues for a better understanding of thermal tolerance in fish
Authors: Madeira Diana , Araújo José Eduardo , Vitorino Rui , Costa Pedro , Vinagre Catarina , Diniz Mário Sousa
Published: March 2018

Ocean warming is known to alter the performance of marine organisms albeit the proteome underpinnings of thermal tolerance are still largely unknown. Following a 1-month exposure to elevated temperatures we assessed the vulnerability of the proteome in the sea bream Sparus aurata to ocean warming. Fish were exposed to 18°C (control), 24°C (nursery ground) and 30 °C (heat wave year 2100). Survival was impaired after 28 days, mainly at 30°C although fishes’ condition was unaltered. Protein expression profiles (assessed at 14 and 21 days) were similar between fish exposed to 18 and 24ºC, differing substantially from fish exposed to 30ºC. Fish subjected to 24ºC showed enhanced glycolysis and decreased glycogenolysis mainly at 14 days of exposure. Fish subjected to 30ºC also showed enhanced glycolysis and up-regulated proteins related to gene expression, cellular stress response (CSR), and homeostasis. However, inflammatory processes were elicited at 21 days along with a down-regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Thus, juvenile fish acclimated to 24 but not to 30ºC as a result of increasing physiological constraints associated with metabolic scope available for performance at higher temperatures. Consequently, recruitment of sea breams may be in jeopardy with potential effects on population persistence and distribution.
Spatial and environmental drivers of biodiversity, ecology and biogeography of coral communities in SW of the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Authors: Bouwmeester Jessica , Burt John , Range Pedro , Ben-Hamadou Radhouan
Published: March 2018

Arabian Gulf coral communities are particularly known for their utmost tolerance and adaptation to region’s extreme environmental conditions. However, stress through increasing sea temperatures, salinities, sustained coastal development, etc., has resulted in shifts in reef communities across the region in recent years. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the status of coral communities at 15 reef sites, NW Arabian Gulf, focusing on the abundance of living coral cover and species biodiversity using photoquadrat surveys; we also investigate potential spatial and environmental drivers of changes in coral communities. We show a strong north-to-south gradient of declining live coral cover (38% to 13%) and species richness (28 to 7 species), with an additional reduction of species richness in coastal areas (2 species). Recent surveys in late summer 2017 revealed 100% bleaching in inshore coral communities and occasionally, the complete loss of coral cover resulting in a shift to a non-coral ecosystem composed of mostly rubble and turf-algae. Species turnover (Beta-diversity) and canonical correspondence analyses determined that environmental factors such as depth, salinity and sea surface temperatures play a significant role in driving these spatial patterns of coral biodiversity and biogeography and in predicting their shift as function of future regional climate scenarios.
Researcher engagement in policy deemed societally beneficial yet unrewarded
Authors: Singh Gerald G , Farjalla Vinicius , Chen Bing , Pelling Andrew , Ceyhan Elvan , Dominik Martin , Alisic Eva , Kerr Jeremy , Selin Noelle , Bassioni Ghada , Bennett Elena , Kemp Andrew , Chan Kai MA
Published: March 2018

Public support for research depends, in part, on the eventual societal benefits from research. Maintaining that support likely requires sustained engagement between the research community and the broader public. Yet, there is little organized effort to evaluate and reward such engagement in addition to research and teaching activities. Using data from an international survey of 1092 researchers (634 established researchers and 458 students) in 55 countries and 315 research institutions, we find that institutional recognition of engagement activities is perceived as being undervalued relative to its societal benefit. Many researchers report that their institutions would not reward engagement activities despite mission statements promoting engagement. Further, those institutions that actually measure engagement activities are perceived to do so in a limited capacity (respondents perceived that on average, 2 of the 7 dimensions of engagement we considered were reflected in evaluations). Most researchers are strongly motivated to engage for selfless reasons, which suggests that strong self-oriented incentives may have unintended effects. Perhaps by recognizing the important engagement activities of researchers, institutions can better achieve their institutional missions and bolster the crucial contributions of researchers to society.
Effectiveness of Brazilian Marine Protected Areas for macro and mesopredators fish species
Authors: Kennedy Sara B , Hackradt Carlos W , Feitosa João L , Félix Hackradt Fabiana C
Published: March 2018

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important spatial management tools for fish populations by protecting them completely or partially from extractive human uses. As a result an increase of fish density, biomass and size of target species are readily observed within their limits. In this work we aimed to verify the effectiveness of Brazilian MPAs regarding the protection of macro and mesopredators fishes, due to the high fishing pressure exert above them. Four MPAs located within coral reef zones were selected, and were collected using underwater visual census, following a Beyond-BACI design. Inside MPAs were observed higher abundance (F=2,06; p<0,05), biomass (F=1,7; p<0,05) and mean size values (F=1,8; p<0,05) for macrocarnivores fish group only. Although not significant, greater mesopredator abundance was observed outside protected areas, however higher biomass was found inside MPAs. These results suggest that despite the conservation objectives by which MPAs were created for they are effective in providing safe refugee from fisheries for high trophic level species such as serranids. In the absence of top predators mesopredators species increased in numbers, revealing how fisheries can affect the top down regulation of marine food webs.
Arctic benthic diversity research with PANABIO: scale, sharing, and modelling
Authors: Piepenburg Dieter , Holstein Jan , Kloss Paul , Brey Thomas , Kraan Casper
Published: March 2018

Arctic marine biota areaffected profoundly and at large scales by accelerating environmental change, such as ocean warming and sea-ice decline. Moreover, increasing human activities add further cumulative pressures. Substantial shifts in ecosystem functions and services,including biodiversity, are expected. Tounderstand, predict, and mitigate the profound ecologicalconsequences of such shifts, it is critical to identify and analyzetherelationships between environmental drivers and ecosystem functionsata range of scales (local, regional, and pan-Arctic). We address this challenge by means of apan-Arctic knowledge system on benthicbiota(PANABIO). Underpinned by international efforts to combine data and expertise, PANABIO integrates quality-controlled and geo-referenceddata on benthiccommunities in a public information system. The system allows for (a) providingecological baseline-data to gauge ecosystem changes, (b) analysingcoupling mechanisms between environmental drivers and ecosystemfunctions/services on regional and pan-Arctic scales, (c) developing futureecosystem scenarios in response to external forcing, and (d) creating onlinestakeholder-orientedvisualization and analysis tools. The talk will demonstrate the huge up-scaling of benthic data with PANABIO, our achievements to support data-sharing, as well as first results of community-level distribution models to discern benthic communities in relation to multiple-factor environmental forcing, including sea-ice dynamics.