bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Muscat to the Maghreb: Pan-Arab Networks, Anti-colonial Groups, and Kuwait’s Arab Scholarships (1953–1961)
Authors: Al-Rashoud Talal
Published: March 2020

This paper explores the development of Kuwait’s scholarship program for Arab students from its inception in 1953 to the country’s independence in 1961, a period when Arab nationalist influence dominated the Kuwaiti Educational Department. The ‘Arab Scholarships’, as they were known, brought students from Arab countries suffering from underdevelopment and/or colonial repression to study in Kuwaiti schools at primary, intermediate, and secondary levels. Most came from the Arabian Gulf, the Maghreb, and Southern Arabia, with smaller numbers from East Africa and Palestine.It is argued that Kuwait’s Arab Scholarship program was motivated largely by Pan-Arab ideals and shaped by interpersonal networks linking Kuwaiti educators and officials to Arab nationalist activists throughout the region. The department granted scholarships to both governments and anti-colonial groups. These organizations capitalized on the presence of their students in Kuwait to branch out into other activities, contributing to the country’s emergence as a regional hub for political activism.
The The paradox of contemporary Medicine
Authors: Pirone Florindo
Published: March 2020

In the medical field, between the end of the 19th century and the half of last century, great results were obtained in the discovery of the causes (microbial agents) and cures (antibiotics) of infectious diseases, which in the previous centuries had determined catastrophic epidemics. The successes of this model of disease led to apply it in the cases of other pathologies including cardiovascular, respiratory and oncological ones. Despite the great effort during the following years, with all the innovations both in diagnostic field (sophisticated lab and instrumental tests) and in therapies (the development of numerous heart and circulatory drugs or against neoplasia), improvements have been proportionally less impressive. Compared to the first half of last century, 27 years of life have been gained, from an average life span of 55 years to 81 for men and 84 for women. The 17-year gain has been possible thanks to the decisive action on the infectious diseases, whereas the intervention on heart diseases led to a gain of 7 years of life, and that on the neoplastic ones resulted in a gain of 3/4 years. This discrepancy depends on several reasons, among which a fundamental one is the difference between the models of the infectious disease and other pathologies: the first ones are characterized by only one agent attacking the organism in a short time and can be eliminated only by one drug (the antibiotic), used for a short time as well; in the case of other diseases, the pathogens are multifactorial, the damaging actions take place over many years and possible therapies must be multiple and performed over a long period of time. There has been a shift from a simple to a complex issue, to the extent that some believe that only new technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to offer effective remedies. If we add to all this the idea that for several reasons, both socio-cultural and inherent to this discipline, Medicine has been taking on more and more reductionism and detached stands, one might understand the current perceptive paradox We have never been better, we have never felt so bad. Thus, it has become necessary to meditate upon these topics in order to better understand the real problems and possible solutions to the benefit of that essential good for everyone, our health.
A robust data cleaning procedure for eddy covariance flux measurements
Authors: Vitale Domenico , Fratini Gerardo , Bilancia Massimo , Nicolini Giacomo , Sabbatini Simone , Papale Dario
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The sources of systematic error responsible for introducing significant biases in the eddy covariance (EC) flux computation are manifold, and their correct identification is made difficult by the lack of reference values, by the complex stochastic dynamics, and by the high level of noise characterizing raw data. This work contributes to overcoming such challenges by introducing an innovative strategy for EC data cleaning.
The proposed strategy includes a set of tests aimed at detecting the presence of specific sources of systematic error, as well as an outlier detection procedure aimed at identifying aberrant flux values. Results from tests and outlier detection are integrated in such a way as to leave a large degree of flexibility in the choice of tests and of test threshold values, ensuring scalability of the whole process. The selection of best performing tests was carried out by means of Monte Carlo experiments, whereas the impact on real data was evaluated on data distributed by the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) research infrastructure.
Results evidenced that the proposed procedure leads to an effective cleaning of EC flux data, avoiding the use of subjective criteria in the decision rule that specifies whether to retain or reject flux data of dubious quality.
We expect that the proposed data cleaning procedure can serve as a basis towards a unified quality control strategy for EC datasets, in particular in centralized data processing pipelines where the use of robust and automated routines ensuring results reproducibility constitutes an essential prerequisite.
Replacing missing values in the standard Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) radiometric camera-by-camera cloud mask (RCCM) data product
Authors: Verstraete Michel M. , Hunt Linda A. , De Lemos Hugo , Di Girolamo Larry
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is one of the five instruments hosted on board the NASA Terra platform, launched on 18 December 1999. This instrument has been operational since 24 February 2000 and is still acquiring Earth observation data as of this writing. The primary mission of the MISR is to document the state and properties of the atmosphere, in particular the clouds and aerosols it contains, as well as the planetary surface, on the basis of 36 data channels collectively gathered by its nine cameras (pointing in different directions along the orbital track) in four spectral bands (blue, green, red and near-infrared). The radiometric camera-by-camera cloud mask (RCCM) is derived from the calibrated measurements at the nominal top of the atmosphere and is provided separately for each of the nine cameras. This RCCM data product is permanently archived at the NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) in Hampton, VA, USA, and is openly accessible (Diner et al., 1999b, and https://doi.org/10.5067/Terra/MISR/MIRCCM_L2.004). For various technical reasons described in this paper, this RCCM product exhibits missing data, even though an estimate of the clear or cloudy status of the environment at each individual observed location can be deduced from the available measurements. The aims of this paper are (1) to describe how to replace over 99 % of the missing values by estimates and (2) to briefly describe the software to replace missing RCCM values, which is openly available to the community from the GitHub website, https://github.com/mmverstraete/MISR\\ RCCM/ (last access: 12 March 2020), or https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3240017 (Verstraete, 2019e). Two additional sets of resources are also made available on the research data repository of GFZ Data Services in conjunction with this paper. The first set (A; Verstraete et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.004) includes three items: (A1) a compressed archive, RCCM_Out.zip, containing all intermediary, final and ancillary outputs created while generating the figures of this paper; (A2) a user manual, RCCM_Out.pdf, describing how to install, uncompress and explore those files; and (A3) a separate input MISR data archive, RCCM_input_68050.zip, for Path 168, Orbit 68050. This latter archive is usable with (B), the second set (Verstraete and Vogt, 2020; https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.008), which includes (B1), a stand-alone, self-contained, executable version of the RCCM correction codes, RCCM_Soft_Win.zip, using the IDL Virtual Machine technology that does not require a paid IDL license, as well as (B2), a user manual, RCCM_Soft_Win.pdf, to explain how to install, uncompress and use this software.
The American Monsoon System in HadGEM3.0 and UKESM1 CMIP6 simulations
Authors: García-Franco Jorge L. , Gray Lesley J. , Osprey Scott
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The simulated climate in the American Monsoon System (AMS) in the CMIP6 submissions of HadGEM3.0 GC3.1 and the UKESM1 is assessed and compared to observations and reanalysis. Pre-industrial control and historical experiments are analysed to evaluate the model representation of this monsoon under different configurations, resolutions and with and without Earth System processes. The simulations exhibit a good representation of the temperature and precipitation seasonal cycles, although the historical experiments overestimate summer temperature in the Amazon, Mexico and Central America by more than 1.5 K. The seasonal cycle of rainfall and general characteristics of the North American Monsoon are well represented by all the simulations. The models simulate the bimodal regime of precipitation in southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean known as the midsummer drought, although with a stronger intraseasonal variation than observed. Austral summer biases in the modelled Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Walker Circulation, cloud cover and regional temperature distributions are significant and influenced the simulated spatial distribution of rainfall in the South American Monsoon. These biases lead to an overestimation of precipitation in southeastern Brazil and an underestimation of precipitation in the Amazon. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) characteristics and teleconnections to the AMS are well represented by the simulations. The precipitation responses to the positive and negative phase of ENSO in subtropical America are linear in both pre-industrial and historical experiments. Overall, the UKESM has the same performance as the lower resolution simulation of HadGEM3.0 GC3.1 and no significant difference for the AMS was found between the two model configurations. In contrast, the medium resolution HadGEM3.0 GC3.1 N216 simulation outperforms the low-resolution simulations in temperature, rainfall, ITCZ and Walker circulation biases.
The Impact of Training Methods on Effective Training Process in Ajman Police: The Moderating Role of Readiness for Training
Authors: Abdulhabib Abdulla Awadh , Al-Dhaafri Hassan Saleh
Published: March 2020

The present paper primarily aimed to examine the joint effect of training methods and readiness for training on the effective training process (ETP). The paper conducted an examination of the proposed study model, using the survey questionnaire design. Data were gathered from Ajman police departments by distributing 252 questionnaire copies. From the copies distributed, 172 questionnaires were retrieved, from which data was analyzed using SEM-PLS. On the basis of the statistical results obtained, training methods significantly affect ETP. The study provides several implications, both theoretical and practical, and the findings are expected to assist in the proper decision-making of managers when it comes to training methods effective implementation in organizations. This is one of the pioneering empirical studies that investigated the influence of training methods and readiness for training on ETP.
Production of Bioactive Lichen Compounds by Alginate-Immobilized Bionts Isolated from Cladonia verticillaris: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Santiago Rocío , Martins Mónica Cristina , Nascimento Tais , Barros Luis Filipe de , Vilaça Matheus , Falcão Emerson Peter , Silva Nicácio Henriques da , Legaz María Estrella , Vicente Carlos , Pereira Eugênia Cristina
Published: March 2020

Bionts isolated from thalli of Cladonia verticillaris, immobilized in calcium alginate, produce two depsidones, fumarprotocetraric and protocetraric acids, and the depside atranorin, that exhibit antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Organic lichen extract (acetone/ether/chloroform) shows the highest antimicrobial activity due to a possible synergism between these substances. Antioxidant capacity of soluble metabolites secreted from the immobilisates to the bath medium of incubation during the first 12 days of immobilization has been found (˃80% oxidation inhibition). The concentration of soluble phenolic substances depends on the immobilization time (during 32 days), exogenous supply of acetate (1.0m mM sodium or calcium acetate) and on the type of isolated biont (phycobionts, mycobionts, whole thallus or immobilized phycobionts co-incubated with the mycobionts ones).

The role of phycobionts in phenol production has been interpreted as a possible modification of the polymalonyl pathway; for example, atranorin is actively produced and secreted during immobilization while it is not detected in thallus in natura. Co-incubated bionts secrete higher amounts of atranorin to the media during the first 12 days of immobilization. Immobilization of isolated bionts could be used as a biotechnological technique to obtain a potential source of biological active compounds.

On the other hand, the physiological state detected of C. verticillaris in the Cerrado is much better for experimentation than that of the specimens collected in Caatinga since, in this case, the thalli showed the fragility that the extreme environmental conditions of the semi-arid region of NE Brazil impose on this lichen species. To date, no priority has been defined for lichen conservation in Brazilian ecosystems. It is therefore suggested that it imust important to include lichen ecophysiology studies in public conservation policies.
Lead acetate-induced neurodegenerative changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of mice: the role of Vitexin
Authors: Amedu Nathaniel Ohiemi , Omotoso Gabriel Olaiya
Published: March 2020

This study was aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effect of Vitexin against lead (Pb) induced neurodegenerative changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and working memory in mice. Thirty-two adolescent male albino mice were divided into four groups (n=8). Control group received 0.2 mL of normal saline; Pb group received 100 mg/kg of Pb acetate for 14 days, Vitexin group received 1mg/kg of Vitexin for 14 days, and Pb+Vitexin group received 100 mg/kg of Pb acetate and 1 mgkg of Vitexin for 14 days. Barnes maze test and novel object recognition test were done to ascertain working memory. Histoarchitectural assessment of DLPFC was done with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), cresyl fast violet and congo red stains. Furthermore, cell count and other morphometric measurements were done. There was significant decline in working memory in the Pb group, but a combination of Pb+Vitexin improved the working memory. Vitexin significantly reduced neuronal death and chromatolysis caused by Pb. Amyloid aggregation was not observed in any of the groups. This study has shown that concurrent administration of Vitexin and Pb will significantly reduce neurodegeneration and improve working memory. However, Pb treatment or Pb+Vitexin treatment does not have any effect on intercellular distance, neuronal length and the cross-sectional area of neurons in layer III of DLPFC.
Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Drinking Water for School use in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand
Authors: Decharat Somsiri , Pan-in Prasert
Published: March 2020

This research aimed to evaluate children’s health risk based on the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the drinking water used by 44 primary schools. Samples were collected from bottled water, tap water, filtered tap water and raw water, for a total of 146 samples, between 1 September 2018 and 31 January 2019. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in drinking water samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the concentration of Pb and Cd in bottled water samples were in the range of non-detected (ND)–0.0180 mg/L and ND–0.0013 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of Pb and Cd in tap water samples ranged from ND-0.0250 mg/L and ND-0.0042 mg/L, respectively, from ND–0.005 mg/L and ND– 0.0021 mg/L, respectively, in filtered tap water samples and from ND–0.0400 mg/L and ND–0.0049 mg/L, respectively, in raw water samples. The summation of the total hazardous index (HI)-values of bottled water samples, tap water samples, filtered tap water, and raw water samples were less than 1, was considered health-protective. The results will provide the direct evidence needed by school managers to warn learners about the health risk of ingestion exposure among children.
Desafios no uso de Dados Abertos Conectados na Educação Brasileira
Authors: Alcantara Williams , Bandeira Judson , Barbosa Armando , Lima André , Ávila Thiago , Bittercourt Ig , Isotani Seiji
Published: March 2020

A quantidade de dados publicados na web tem crescido nos últimos anos. No Brasil, diversos órgãos públicos têm iniciado o processo de abertura de dados objetivando efetivar a transparência e intensificar a colaboração entre governo e população. Na educação, existe uma diversidade de dados sendo gerados todos os dias. Contudo, essas bases apresentam problemas que dificultam o enriquecimento e a conexão dos dados neste cenário. Este artigo apresenta os principais desafios na aplicação de Dados Abertos Conectados na educação brasileira. Os desafios estão organizados sob as perspectivas de publicação e consumo. O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer discussões que proponham soluções para os desafios.
O Desafio da Aprendizagem Adaptativa em Programas de Nivelamento para o Ensino Superior
Authors: Silveira Ismar , Bezerra Luis , De Araújo Jr. Carlos , Lima Vilma , Souza Alberto
Published: March 2020

Estratégias de nivelamento são recorrentemente utilizadas no âmbito do ingresso ao Ensino Superior, no intuito de preencher lacunas de aprendizagem no que diz respeito a conteúdos, habilidades e competências próprias do Ensino Médio, que por diversas razões não são desenvolvidos de maneira adequada. Entre estas estratégias, encontram-se os que se baseiam em soluções computacionais; estas, por sua vez, têm o potencial de propiciar contextos de aprendizagem adaptados às necessidades individuais de cada aluno – o que, por sua vez, é um desafio real de pesquisa a ser explorado. O presente artigo aborda este desafio, apresentando elementos do estado da arte e trazendo discussões sobre esta temática.
Construindo um robô metareciclado: uma proposição de convergência entre robótica educacional e educação socioambiental
Authors: Bezerra Ronilson , De Almada Marlisson
Published: March 2020

Este artigo descreve a criação de um protótipo de um robô autônomo móvel, utilizando componentes metareciclados e programado na plataforma Arduino. O mesmo objetiva incentivar a criação de robôs de baixo custo, para o uso no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e promover a responsabilidade socioambiental ao mesmo tempo em que se utiliza a robótica educacional.
Recomendações para Introdução do Pensamento Computacional na Educação Básica
Authors: Raabe André , Vieira Mari , Santana André , Gonçalves Filipe , Bathke Julia
Published: March 2020

Este artigo propõe como desafio a construção de recomendações para Inserção do Pensamento Computacional como conhecimento regular na educação básica. Para tal propõe que sejam formada uma comunidade de discussão tendo como meta construir diretrizes e modelos de atividades educacionais contextualizados a realidade brasileira, focalizando no aumento da carga horária proporcionado pela ampliação das escolas em tempo integral conforme proposto pelo Plano Nacional de Educação (Brasil, 2014).
Dabit ubera Christus. Metafore erotiche e rielaborazioni classiche nel concetto dell’immutabilità divina di Paolino di Nola
Authors: Campone Maria Carolina ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: March 2020

Poem XXII of Paulinus Nolanus constitutes an important testimony to the saint’s personality and of his mystical experience. Reinterpreting classical poetry according to Christian faith, he expresses the bond of love between Christ and man through erotic symbols and classic metaphors. Through this union, Paulinus also clarifies the concept of divine immutability, fundamental to the patristic theology of the first centuries.
Predication according to Substance and Relation
Authors: Helleman Wendy Elgersma ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: March 2020

Well-known Augustinian scholars have complained about unresolved issues and the nature of argumentation of De Trinitate 6. In this book Augustine examines the role of 1 Cor. 1:24, Christum […] dei sapientiam in anti-Arian polemic, and critiques what may be considered quasi-relational predication of divine wisdom. The present essay surveys recent scholarship on book 6, with special attention to the commentary of M. Carreker, affirming the role of logic in this book. It examines Augustine’s understanding of the genitive in the key phrase, sapientia dei, and recognizes that, in spite of his critique, Augustine goes out of his way in affirming the Nicene argument in order to do justice to the longstanding patristic tradition appropriating wisdom for Christ as God’s Son.
Implications of abnormal abdominal wall computed tomographic angiography findings on postmastectomy free flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Ngaage Ledibabari Mildred , Hamed Raed R. , Oni Georgette , Ghorra Dina T. , Ang Jolenda Z. , Koo Brendan C. , Benyon Sarah L. , Irwin Michael S. , Malata Charles M.
Published: March 2020

Background Preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdominal wall vessels is used when planning free flap breast reconstruction (FFBR) because it provides a surgical road map which facilitates flap harvest. However, there are few reports on the effect of abnormal findings on the operative plan.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study of all FFBRs performed at a tertiary referral center over a 6-year period (November 2011 to June 2017). One consultant radiologist reported on the findings. Details on patient demographics, CTA reports, and intraoperative details were collected.

Results Two hundred patients received preoperative CTAs. Fourteen percent of patients (n=28) had abnormal findings. Of these findings, 18% were vascular anomalies; 36% tumorrelated and 46% were “miscellaneous.” In four patients, findings subsequently prevented surgery; they comprised a mesenteric artery aneurysm, absent deep inferior epigastric (DIE) vessels, bilateral occluded DIE arteries, and significant bone metastases. Another patient had no suitable vessels for a free flap and the surgical plan converted to a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. The remaining incidental findings had no impact on the surgical plan or appropriateness of FFBR. More than one in 10 of those with abnormal findings went on to have further imaging before their operation.

Conclusions CTA in FFBR can have a wider impact than facilitating surgical planning and reducing operative times. Incidental findings can influence the surgical plan, and in some instances, avoid doomed-to-fail and unsafe surgery. It is therefore important that these scans are reported by an experienced radiologist.
Current status of and trends in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction in Korea
Authors: Song Woo Jin , Kang Sang Gue , Kim Eun Key , Song Seung Yong , Lee Joon Seok , Lee Jung Ho , Jin Ung Sik
Published: March 2020

Since April 2015, post-mastectomy breast reconstruction has been covered by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). The frequency of these procedures has increased very rapidly. We analyzed data obtained from the Big Data Hub of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and determined annual changes in the number of breast reconstruction procedures and related trends in Korea. We evaluated the numbers of mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures performed between April 2015 and December 2018 using data from the HIRA Big Data Hub. We determined annual changes in the numbers of total, autologous, and implant breast reconstructions after NHIS coverage commenced. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rate increased from 19.4% in 2015 to 53.4% in 2018. In 2015, implant reconstruction was performed in 1,366 cases and autologous reconstruction in 905 (60.1% and 39.8%, respectively); these figures increased to 3,703 and 1,570 (70.2% and 29.7%, respectively) in 2018. Free tissue transfer and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap creation were the most common autologous reconstruction procedures. For implant-based reconstructions, the rates of directto-implant and tissue-expander breast reconstructions (first stage) were similar in 2018. This study summarizes breast reconstruction trends in Korea after NHIS coverage was expanded in 2015. A significant increase over time in the post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rate was evident, with a trend toward implant-based reconstruction. Analysis of data from the HIRA Big Data Hub can be used to predict breast reconstruction trends and convey precise information to patients and physicians.
Carteles que no enganchan
Authors: Lalueza Ferran
Published: March 2020

Anómalo es el adjetivo que mejor define las elecciones al Parlament de Catalunya celebradas el pasado 21-D. Sin embargo, ni siquiera la premura con la que fueron convocadas justifica los errores de principiante detectados en los carteles electorales de las principales fuerzas políticas.
Tendencias de campanada en 'social media' para 2018
Authors: Sivera Sílvia
Published: March 2020

Cada inicio de año empiezan a sonar fuerte las predicciones y expectativas para el siguiente. Expertos en medios sociales no se escapan a esta tentación y nos brindan sus particulares augurios sobre lo que vendrá en los próximos meses. En formato breve resumimos doce de las tendencias que más han resonado estas últimas semanas en blogs y canales de referencia. A final de año podremos hacer balance de cuáles han dado, efectivamente, la campanada.
Un mensaje del futuro… tecnológico
Authors: Aranda Dani
Published: March 2020

En un aula abarrotada de jóvenes, Víctor Sampedro, profesor emérito de lo que le venía en gana, sabe que es necesario explicar cómo llegaron hasta allí. Lo que habían conseguido era resultado de una lucha y una actitud que tenía que perdurar. Revelar el pasado era el primer paso para seguir construyendo.
¿Para qué sirve Pinterest? Sensaciones, diseño y estandarización estética
Authors: San Cornelio Gemma
Published: March 2020

Pinterest es una red que, a pesar de su aumento de uso, todavía resulta algo desconocida. En mi caso particular, la uso más habitualmente en la aplicación de tableta, para buscar ideas que me resuelvan algún “problema” (utilizando la terminología de diseño) cotidiano o expresivo: tanto buscando soluciones a ejercicios planteados a mis estudiantes (por ejemplo la creación de un diseño de un patrón visual a partir de un módulo y una retícula), como para encontrar ideas de decoración, o simplemente, imágenes sugerentes. Todo esto se hace organizando los tablones por temas y alguien me dijo hace un tiempo que la dinámica se parecía a una técnica utilizada en el campo del diseño: los mood boards. En las líneas siguientes analizo la red social visual teniendo en cuenta sus posibles conexiones con el mundo del diseño.
The ideas of F. M. Dostoyevsky in the work of Mikhail Prishvin “The Story of Our Time”
Authors: Podoksenov Aleksandr Modestovich
Published: March 2020

The subject of this article consists in analysis of the influence of Dostoevsky’s religious-ethical ideas upon the works of Prishvin; as well as in studying the historical and cultural context of his views on possibility on realization of the ideals of Christian love in Soviet society, even in the conditions of militant atheism and violence of the ongoing Great Patriotic War. It is demonstrated that for revealing that substantive essences of reality Prishvin uses various concepts, which is testified by a range of the relevant worldview ideas present in the semantic field of this texts. Comparing the assessments given by Dostoyevsky and Prishvin with regards to revolutionary movement, the author determines metatext, which allows better understanding Prishvin’s apprehension of main trends in the development of social existence and awareness of his time. The scientific novelty consists in analysis of the context of Prishvin’s reasoning on the ways for overcoming spiritual disunity of the Russian society, in which the Orthodox worldview of a significant part of population collides with the ideology of Bolshevism. Through the artistic being of his characters, the writer elucidates how at the time of Fascist invasion, the life itself demonstrates the triumph of Orthodox faith, to which the Russian people hold true despite the pressure of a harsh atheist state.
Local self-governance as a social determinant for the formation of civil society
Authors: Balakireva Sof'ya Yur'evna
Published: March 2020

  This article examines the idea of the modern model of local self-governance as a social determinant for the formation of civil society. It is noted that currently the local self-governance experiences a political and social absenteeism reflected in apathy and inaction of the society, established as a result of the lack of confidence in any authority and skepticism towards possibility of influence its decisions. The author underlines that system modernization aimed at the formation of civil society is possible only within the new philosophical context, occurring from acknowledgement of the need for coordinated interaction between the government and population. The article explores the historical and social peculiarities of establishment of the local self-governance in Russia, as well as provides a comparative analysis of the Western and Eastern models. The focus of attention on the presented by the author conceptual grounds of building a model of local self-governance would allow avoiding “groping” searching the ways and effective methods for transformation of Russia, as well as erect the barrier to mass social reforms and change, which aggravate the negative social consequences. Only then the effective local self-government as a determinant for formation of civil society is possible.  
Análisis de concordancia de tres pruebas para el diagnóstico de malaria en la población sintomática de los municipios endémicos de Colombia
Authors: Cortés Liliana Jazmín , Guerra Ángela Patricia
Published: March 2020

Introducción. Dadas las dificultades del diagnóstico microscópico de la malaria o paludismo en las áreas rurales, las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido constituyen una buena alternativa, por lo que es importante conocer su desempeño.Objetivo. Evaluar el desempeño de las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido utilizadas en cinco departamentos para al diagnóstico microscópico de la malaria usando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) como estándar de referencia.Materiales y métodos. Se usaron la prueba de gota gruesa y las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido y, además, se impregnó papel de filtro con sangre para la prueba molecular (PCR), en individuos sintomáticos.Resultados. Se incluyeron 314 muestras cuyo porcentaje de positividad para malaria fue de 49 % con la PCR, de 48 % con microscopía y de 46 % con las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido; la parasitemia fluctuó entre 180 y 23.800 parásitos/μl de sangre. La concordancia de los resultados de los puestos de microscopía comparados con la PCR (Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia) fueron los siguientes: coeficiente kappa de Cohen de 0,975 (IC95% 0,950-0,999), sensibilidad de 97 % (IC95% 95-100) y especificidad de 100 % (IC95% 100-100), e índice kappa de especie de 0,958 (IC95% 0,912-1,00). La concordancia de los resultados de la prueba de diagnóstico rápido Pf/Pv en los puestos de microscopía y los de la PCR (Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia), fue la siguiente: coeficiente kappa de 0,878 (IC95% 0,784-0,973), sensibilidad de 94 % (IC95% 87-100), especificidad de 95 % (IC95% 90-100), e índice kappa de especie de 1,0 (IC95% 1,00-1,00). La concordancia entre la prueba de diagnóstico rápido Pf/Pan y la PCR fue la siguiente: coeficiente kappa de Cohen de 0,920 (IC95% 0,865-0,974), sensibilidad de 94 % (IC95% 90-98), especificidad de 99 % (IC95% 95-100), e índice kappa de especie de 0,750 (IC95% 0,637-0,863).Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan el uso de las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido en Colombia, aunque se requiere un mejor entrenamiento del personal para diferenciar eficientemente las especies de Plasmodium.
Miconia lucenae (Melastomataceae), a new species from montane Atlantic Forest in Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Goldenberg Renato , Reginato Marcelo , Michelangeli Fabián A.
Published: March 2020

We describe Miconia lucenae R.Goldenb. & Michelang., a new species from the montane Atlantic Forest in Santa Teresa in the state of Espírito Santo. Our analysis, based on three plastid spacers (atpF-atpH, psbK-psbl and trnS-trnG), one plastid gene (ndhF, not available for M. lucenae), and two nuclear ribosomal loci (nrITS and nrETS), showed that it belongs to a small clade with Miconia paradoxa (Mart. ex DC.) Triana (Minas Gerais) and M. michelangeliana R.Goldenb. & L.Kollmann (Espírito Santo). The three species in the “Paradoxa clade” can be recognized by the plants with glabrous or glabrescent branches and leaves, white petals and yellow stamens, these with the connectives not prolonged below the thecae, ventrally unappendaged, dorsally unappendaged or with a minute tooth, the latter bilobed or not, glabrous ovary, and the fruits with a persistent calyx. Miconia lucenae can be recognized, among the species in this clade, by the shrubby plants with terete young branches, short inflorescences, usually with red axes, and the 2-bracteolate, sessile, 4-merous flowers, with a ciliolate inner portion of the sepals, lanceolate petals, and 4-celled ovaries. This species can be considered as endangered according to IUCN criteria.
Integrative analysis reveals pathways associated with sex reversal in Cynoglossus semilaevis
Authors: Ye Zhan , Wang Weifeng , Zhang Yaqun , Wang Liping , Cui Yu , Li Hengde
Published: March 2020

Sex reversal is a complex biological phenomenon exhibited by Cynoglossus semilaevis. Some genetic females may irreversibly convert to pseudomales, thus increasing aquaculture costs because males grow much more slowly than females. In this study, an integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome was performed to compare differences in gene and protein expression in females and pseudomales after gonad differentiation in C. semilaevis. Based on RNA-Seq results, 1893 genes showed differences in expression at the transcript level between females and pseudomales. Of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4-like (LOC103393374 , ZP4), zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4-like (LOC103396071, ZP4) and forkhead box L2 (foxl2) were highly expressed in females and doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1(dmrt1) and doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (dmrt3) were highly expressed in pseudomales. GO enrichment analysis results indicate that wnt signaling pathways and oocyte maturation are two terms enriched in female. At the protein level, Tandem Mass Tags analysis revealed that 324 proteins differed in their relative abundance between pseudomales and females. KEGG analysis found that pseudo-highly expressed proteins were enriched in the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway. For integrative analysis, the Spearman correlation coefficient between the transcriptome and proteome was 0.59. Among 52 related genes, 46 DEGs (88%) were well matched in their levels of change in protein abundance. These findings reveal major active pathways in female and pseudomale gonads after sex reversal and provide new insights into molecular mechanisms associated with sex reversal regulatory network.
Potential sources of interference with the highly sensitive detection and quantification of alpha‐synuclein seeds by qRT‐QuIC
Authors: Ruf Viktoria C. , Shi Song , Schmidt Felix , Weckbecker Daniel , Nübling Georg S. , Ködel Uwe , Mollenhauer Brit , Giese Armin
Published: March 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is histologically characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and deposition of aggregated alpha‐synuclein (aSyn) in the brain. The detection of aSyn in well accessible fluids has been one of the central approaches in the development of biomarkers for PD. Recently, real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) has been successfully adapted for use with aSyn seeds. Here, we systematically analysed parameters potentially impacting the reliability of this assay by using quantitative real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (qRT‐QuIC) with in vitro‐formed aSyn seeds. Seeds diluted in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accelerated the seeding reaction and slightly increased the sensitivity without affecting specificity. Repeated freeze–thaw cycles decreased the apparent lag times of seeds diluted in ddH2O but did not alter the seeding activity of seeds diluted in CSF. High levels of artificial contamination with blood resulted in prolonged apparent lag times, while sensitivity and specificity were unaffected. Altogether, qRT‐QuIC with aSyn seems to be robust concerning sensitivity and specificity in our model system, but quantitative interpretation might be limited under certain conditions.
Peroxidase‐Like Nanozymes Induce a Novel Form of Cell Death and Inhibit Tumor Growth In Vivo
Authors: Wang Peixia , Liu Shili , Hu Mingxiang , Zhang Hongwei , Duan Demin , He Jiuyang , Hong Juanji , Lv Ruitao , Choi Hak Soo , Yan Xiyun , Liang Minmin
Published: March 2020

Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme‐like properties, termed nanozymes, have attracted significant interest, although limited information is available on their biological characteristics in cells or in vivo. Here, it is shown that nanomaterials with peroxidase‐like activity trigger a novel form of cell death through an ATP‐citrate lyase (ACLY)‐dependent rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS) signaling mechanism. The peroxidase nanozyme‐induced cell lethality, which is termed as nanoptosis, is morphologically and biochemically distinct from the currently well‐defined apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. It is revealed that nanoptosis is typically characterized by the massive accumulation of cellular vesicles, swelling mitochondria, and distinct chromatin condensation and margination. Using RNA sequencing and protein quantitative mass spectrometry, an ACLY‐dependent RAS signaling pathway is identified that mainly mediates this nanozyme lethality process, and it is observed that RAS‐knockout cells are highly resistant to nanoptosis. Finally, it is demonstrated that this newly discovered nanozyme lethality can be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumor growth in vivo.
Particle–Continuum Coupling and its Scaling Regimes: Theory and Applications
Authors: Delle Site Luigi , Praprotnik Matej , Bell John B. , Klein Rupert
Published: March 2020

This work is motivated by the goal of designing simulation software for technical devices that, at their functional core, rely on atomistic‐scale processes embedded in a larger‐scale fluid environment. The core of the problem is the conceptual and technical approach for coupling particle and continuum representations of a fluid. The state of the art for key aspects including physical modeling, mathematical formalization, computational implementation, and applications, is discussed and organized in a consistent picture across the relevant physical regimes.
Combined Photoredox and Iron Catalysis for the Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes
Authors: Neumeier Michael , Chakraborty Uttam , Schaarschmidt Dieter , de la Pena O'Shea Victor , Perez‐Ruiz Raul , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: March 2020

Successful combinations of visible‐light photocatalysis with metal catalysis have recently enabled the development of hitherto unknown chemical reactions. Dual mechanisms from merging metal‐free photocatalysts and earth‐abundant metal catalysts are still in their infancy. We report a photo‐organo‐iron‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization of alkynes by photoredox activation of a ligand‐free Fe catalyst. The reaction operates under very mild conditions (visible light, 20 °C, 1 h) with 1–2 mol % loading of the three catalysts (dye, amine, FeCl2).
Imino‐ and Azasugar Protonation Inside Human Acid β‐Glucosidase, the Enzyme that is Defective in Gaucher Disease
Authors: Matassini Camilla , Warren Julia , Wang Bo , Goti Andrea , Cardona Francesca , Morrone Amelia , Bols Mikael
Published: March 2020

Gaucher disease is caused by mutations in human acid β‐glucosidase or glucocerebrosidase (GCase), the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of glucosyl ceramide in the lysosomes. Imino‐ and azasugars such as 1‐deoxynojirimycin and isofagomine are strong inhibitors of the enzyme and are of interest in pharmacological chaperone therapy of the disease. Despite several crystal structures of the enzyme with the imino‐ and azasugars bound in the active site having been resolved, the actual acid–base chemistry of the binding is not known. In this study we show, using photoinduced electron transfer (PET), that 1‐deoxynojirimycin and isofagomine derivatives are protonated by human acid β‐glucosidase when bound, even if they are completely unprotonated outside the enzyme. While isofagomine derivative protonation to some degree was foreshadowed by earlier crystal structures, 1‐deoxynojirimycin derivatives were not believed to act as basic amines in the enzyme.
Pd(0)‐guanidine@MCM‐41: a very effective catalyst for rapid production of bis (pyrazolyl)methanes
Authors: Filian Hossein , Kohzadian Alireza , Mohammadi Masoud , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Karami Amirali
Published: March 2020

In this research, a rapid, green and efficient protocol for synthesis of bis (pyrazolyl)methane derivatives in the presence of Pd(0)‐guanidine@MCM‐41 catalysts under solvent‐free conditions by the following two methods has been reported: (i) via the one‐pot pseudo five‐component reaction among phenylhydrazine (2 equivalents), ethyl acetoacetate (2 equivalents) and aromatic aldehydes (1 equivalent); and (ii) the one‐pot pseudo three‐component reaction between 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one (2 equivalents) and aromatic aldehydes (1 equivalent). Some advantages of this protocol include: green conditions, extremely short times, high efficiency, proper one‐pot operation, generality of method, easy work‐up and recyclability, and reusability of the catalyst up to five times without significant loss in catalytic activity.
Highly selective removal of 2,4‐dinitrophenol by a surface imprinted sol–gel polymer
Authors: Cheng Guohao , Yu Wenna , Yang Can , Li Shiying , Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Peiyun , Zhang Kaige , Li Xiang , Zhu Guifen
Published: March 2020

In this work, 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP), a new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with excellent performance was synthesized in ethanol by the sol–gel method using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane as functional monomer on the surface of silica particles. The structure and morphology of MIP were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, infrared spectra, and thermogravimetry analysis. Results demonstrated that MIP had excellent selectivity toward the template molecule (2,4‐DNP) with an imprinting factor of 9.55 and a maximum static adsorption capacity of 114.7 mg g−1. Data obtained from the adsorption isotherm of 2,4‐DNP were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model, and the adsorption process can be described by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The investigation of adsorption mechanism revealed that the specific recognition process of MIP toward 2,4‐DNP was dominated by the hydrogen bond and molecular structure. By employing as a sorbent, the as‐prepared MIP was applied to recognize and remove 2,4‐DNP in poster paper, nonwoven fabric and brown curtain with recoveries in the range from 85.74 to 100.00%. However, the MIP can effectively remove 2,4‐DNP after five cycles.
Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on outcomes in appendiceal cancer
Authors: Kolla Bhaskar C. , Petersen Ashley , Chengappa Madhuri , Gummadi Tulasi , Ganesan Chitra , Gaertner Wolfgang B. , Blaes Anne
Published: March 2020

Background

The impact of using adjuvant chemotherapy following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy following complete cytoreduction in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Retrospective medical record review of all patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma treated at our institution between 2006 and 2015. Kaplan‐Meier plots were used to summarize overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival over time, and log‐rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test for differences in survival between groups.

Results

A total of 103 patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma received care at our institution during the study period. Complete cytoreduction (cytoreductive score 0‐1) was achieved in 68 patients (66%). Of these 68 patients, 26 received adjuvant chemotherapy. The most common regimens were capecitabine (n = 11), capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (n = 7), and 5‐FU plus oxaliplatin (n = 6). Tumor histopathology and grade, and the ability to achieve complete cytoreduction were significant predictors of overall survival. The median OS for non–low‐grade and well‐differentiated tumor patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy following complete cytoreduction was 9.03 years, compared to 2.88 years for patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (P = .02). Among low‐grade and well‐differentiated tumor patients who underwent complete cytoreduction, there was no statistically significant difference in OS between those who received adjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not.

Conclusion

Adjuvant chemotherapy seems to have benefit in appendiceal cancer patients with non–low‐grade or well‐differentiated tumor type but not in low‐grade or well‐differentiated tumors.
Integration of Zebrafish Model and Network Pharmacology to Explore Possible Action Mechanisms of Morinda officinalis for Treating Osteoporosis
Authors: Fu Shao‐Qi , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Jiang Zheng‐Meng , Bi Zhi‐Ming , Liu E‐Hu
Published: March 2020

Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease affecting nearly 200 million individuals globally. Morinda officinalis F.C.How (MOH) has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. However, it still remains unclear how the compounds in MOH work synergistically for treating OP. In this study, we used prednisolone (PNSL)‐induced zebrafish OP model to screen the antiosteoporosis components in MOH. A network pharmacology approach was further proposed to explore the underlying mechanism of MOH on OP. The PNSL‐induced zebrafish model validated that two anthraquinones, one iridoid glycoside, and two saccharides exerted antiosteoporotic effect. We constructed the components‐targets network and obtained the enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. A total of 26 candidate compounds of MOH and 257 related targets could probably treat OP through regulating osteoclast differentiation and MAPK signaling pathway. Our work developed a strategy to screen the antiosteoporosis components and explore the underlying mechanism of MOH for treating OP at a network pharmacology level.