bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENINGKATKAN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITY MELALUI INNOVATION IN EXTERNAL RELATION DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA PEMASARAN PENGRAJIN ULOS SIMALUNGUN (SEBUAH PENDEKATAN TEORITIS)
Authors: Saragih Liharman , Tarigan Wico J
Published: May 2021

Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk mengkaji secara teoritis akan konsep Innovation In External Relation dan New Product Development Capability, serta mengusulkan model konseptual melalui peningkatan New Product Development Capability dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pemasaran pengarajin ulos simalungun.,Pendekatan makalah ini adalah pendekatan dimensi, melakukan penilaian terhadap dimensi variabel yang terkandung dalam New Product Development Capability dan Innovation In External Relation. Sebuah model konseptual Innovation In External Relation dalam  menciptakan New Product Development Capability, dan dampaknya pada kinerja pemasaran.mKontribusi penting dalam penelitian ini adalah  pembentukan model konseptual pada dimensi pemasaran usaha mikro dalam meningkatkan New Product Development Capability, dan jenis-jenis New Product Development Capability yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pemasaran secara khusus para pengrajin ulos Simalungun di Sumatera Utara.
Phytochemistry and biological properties of Drimys winteriJR et G. Forster var chilensis(DC) A.
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Munoz Orlando , Tapia-Merino Jorge ,   Universidad Bernardo O"Higgins, Nevermann Wolf , San-Martin Aurelio ,   Universidad de Magallanes
Published: May 2021

Drimys winteri JR et G. Forster var chilensis (DC) A. is a tree native to central and southern Chile. Also it found in part of Argentina. It is abundant in wet swampy localities from sea level to an altitude of 1700 m. This tree is sacred for the Mapuche culture; it is used in folk medicine in such as inflammatory and painful processes. Phytochemical studies have demonstrated that this plant contains mainly sesquiterpenes of the drimane type, flavonoids, essential oils, phytosterols and some lignans. These drimanes have attracted interest because of their antifeedant, plant growth regulation, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. The objective of this review is to establish clearly the phytochemistry and biological activity of Drimys winteri JR et G. Forster var chilensis (DC) A. Articles based on other varieties are not considered.
Suomalaiset SS-miehet ja aseveljeys
Authors: Swanström André
Published: May 2021

Artikkelissa takastellaan suomalaisten SS-miesten värväysmotivaatiota, rintamakokemusta ja sodan jälkeistä vaikenemista Thomas Kühnen esittämien aseveljeyttä koskevien havaintojen valossa. Haave rintamamiehen kokemuksesta ja aseveljeydestä toi suomalaiset SS-miehet yhteen, aseveljeys kantoi heidät läpi jaettujen vaarojen ja kauhujen, ja aseveljeys sitoi lopuksi SS-miehet yhteen sodan jälkeen suljettuun piiriin, josta ei kunniakoodin mukaan ollut lupa kertoa ulospäin asioita, jotka saattaisivat toiset aseveljet huonoon valoon. Värväysmotivaation yhteydessä tarkasteluun nousee myös ilman isää kasvaneiden SS-meisten huomattava osuus. Isättömät nuorukaiset hakeutuivat SS-joukkoihin, jotka tarjosivat heille miehistä auktoriteettia ja yhteenkuuluvuutta aseveljeyden muodossa.
Pitääkö historian olla jännää, jotta se kiinnostaa – ja minkä kustannuksella?
Authors: Sjö Karoliina
Published: May 2021

Viime aikoina hurjaan suosioon kiirinyt toimittaja Maria Petterssonin projekti Historian jännät naiset herättää monenlaisia ajatuksia. Sosiaalisesta mediasta lähtenyt ja lopulta joukkorahoituksen avulla kirjaksi (2020), sittemmin myös podcastiksi, muodostunut projekti nostaa esiin erilaisia aiemmin historian varjoon ja unohduksiin jääneitä naisia ja heidän tarinoitaan. Kirja noudattelee perinteisen kollektiivisen elämäkerran kaavaa ja sisältää lukuisia pienoiselämäkertoja, jotka on jaoteltu teemoittain seitsemään eri kategoriaan, joita ovat: tiedenaiset, hallitsijat, taiteilijat ja urheilijat, aktivistit ja toisinajattelijat, rikolliset ja virkavalta, sotilaat ja vakoojat sekä tutkimusmatkailijat ja seikkailijattaret. Kollektiivisten elämäkertojen historia on lähes yhtä pitkä kuin yksilöelämäkertojenkin ja se ulottuu vähintään antiikin aikaan. Modernin elämäkerran muoto alkoi puolestaan syntyä 1600- ja 1700-lukujen taitteessa, ja jo silloin alkoi ilmestyä myös joitakin pelkästään naisille omistettuja kollektiivisia biografioita. Sittemmin naisia ja heidän historiaansa on käsitelty esimerkiksi erilaisissa tiede- ja tietokirjoissa yhä runsaammin. Vaikka tiede- ja tietokirjat eroavat genreinä toisistaan, saattavat niiden väliset suhteet ja rajamaastot olla monesti myös häilyviä. Historian jännät naiset -teos on tarkoitettu kustantajan mukaan populaariksi tietokirjaksi, ja siitä puuttuvatkin selkeät ja systemaattiset viite- ja lähdetiedot. Yleisen hyvän käytännön mukaisesti tietokirjoihin kuuluu kuitenkin myös lähdeluettelo, joten sen puuttuminen tekee teoksen genrejaottelusta ja teoksessa esiintyvien tietojen todenperäisyyden arvioimisesta ongelmallisia.
Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Kakao Di Kabupaten Ende (Kajian pada Desa Kedebodu dan Rewarangga)
Authors: Fatima Imaculta
Published: May 2021

One of the leading plantation commodities in Indonesia is cocoa (Theobroma Cacao). Through the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture and Plantation (Kepmentan) No.46 / Kpts / PD.300 / 2015 Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara [NTT] was determined as a mainstay cocoa plantation area, but in fact, the production was not optimal. Based on these considerations, this study aims to determine the level of cocoa farming income and the factors that influence farmers' income and analyze the feasibility and usefulness of a cocoa farming fund. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. The research location was determined by purposive sampling, based on the consideration that the area is a cocoa-producing region in Ende Regency. Sampling is the Ende Selatan District of Kedebodu and Rewarangga Villages. The population is all cocoa farmers, with a sample of 20 respondents. Data were collected by interview, questionnaire, observation, and documentation techniques. The feasibility analysis is done by the B / C ratio analysis. In addition to the analysis also conducted an analysis of income and receipts with the formula TC and TR. The results showed a B / C ratio of 5.24% which meant that the cocoa business was profitable and feasible to be developed. Total income from cocoa and non-cocoa is Rp 315,732,000. and from cocoa alone. Rp 91,532,000, - and total revenue of Rp. 73,897,000, and non-cocoa Rp. 29,933,000. While the total cost of cocoa is IDR 17,635,000 and non-cocoa IDR 194,267,000. Factors influencing the cocoa business in Ende District include level of education, gender participation, labor age, age of old cocoa plants, and not yet applying profitable technology. It is advisable for farmers to intensify cocoa farming by implementing P3S, and post-harvest processing, forming young people groups and building networks of cooperation with all stakeholders.
Peta Penyebaran Dan Citra Foto Udara Penyakit Tungro Pada Tanaman Padi Di Desa Marapokot Kecamatan Aesesa Kabupaten Nagekeo
Authors: Mbedo Agustinus , Saga Agustinus JP Ana
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Biourine fertilizer dosage on the growth and production of chicory and to determine the optimum dose of Biourine fertilizer in increasing growth and yield of chicory is BU0 0, litre/ha (control) BU1, 4000 litres/ha or equivalent to 2. ltr / plot BU2, 8000 litres/ha or equivalent to 4 ltr / plot BU3,12,000 litres/ha or equivalent to 6 litres/plot BU4.16,000 litres/ha or the equivalent of 8 ltr / plot. The observation variable of plant height growth was 0.94%, the total average number of leaves was 3.48%, the total average crop diameter was 2.51%, the total average fresh weight of ton-1 stover was 2.23%. , the total average fresh weight of stover ha-1 was 2.23%. The results of this study indicate that dosing of bio urine fertilizer can increase the percentage of growth and yield of chicory (Brassica Chinensis L), namely plant height of 0.94%, number of leaves by 3.48%, crop diameter of 2.51%, fresh weight. cropping was 2.23% and fresh weight per hectare was 2.23%. The optimum dose of bio urine fertilizer for the best chicory plants in increasing the growth of chicory is 16,000 litres/ha which gives a plant height growth of 24.47 cm, a number of leaves are 14.35, crop diameter is 13.95 cm, fresh weight of stover. plants amounted to 486.25 grams/plant and 475.40 grams/plant, the fresh weight of plant stover per hectare was 19.45 tons/ha and 19.02 tons/ha.
Analisis Ketersediaan Kadmium di Tanah dan Beras Yang Berasal dari Desa Detusoko Barat
Authors: Mutiara Charly , Redu Iswawan , Hutubessy Josina Irene Brigetha
Published: May 2021

Cadmium is a heavy metal that is widely found in agricultural land because of the frequent use of inorganic phosphorus fertilizers. The use of high phosphorus inorganic fertilizers is also used by farmers who cultivate rice in Detusoko Barat Village. Therefore, research has been carried out with the aim of knowing the cadmium content in paddy soil and rice and its comparison with the minimum limit of cadmium in rice and soil. This research is survey research, in which the determination of soil and rice samples using a purposive sampling method. From this method, the soil samples taken are rice fields cultivating Palembang, Bengawan and Kental rice varieties. And the rice samples taken were rice from the three varieties. The variables observed were cadmium from the soil and rice and soil pH. The results showed that the cadmium content in Palembang rice soil was 0.015 ppm, Bengawan 0.006 ppm, and thick 0.001 ppm, while the results of the research on cadmium content in Palembang rice were 0.007 ppm, Bengawan rice was 0.008 ppm, and thick rice was 0.006 ppm. Where the cadmium content in rice is still below the minimum limit that has been set.
PENGARUH TARAF KONSENTRASI ATONIK DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP PERTUNASAN RIMPANG JAHE GAJAH ( Zingiber officinale Rose.)
Authors: Hutubessy Josina Irene Brigetha , Sukar Sukar , Karyoto Karyoto
Published: May 2021

This research intends to know the effect of the atonic concentration level in a soak of growing budding jahe Gajah rhizome. This research is experiment methods used to block multiple random designs and used atonic concentration 0,04%, 0,06%, 0,08% and soak duration 1 hours, 3 hours and 5 hours- The result of research indicated that 0,08% atonic concentration use and 3 hours soak duration caused time for budded better. No real effects of Atonic concentration on the amount of bud, the height of bud,  length and amount of root.
Entre lo real biográfico y lo ficticio: autobioficción en "El olvido que seremos" de Héctor Abad Faciolince
Authors: Horcasitas Martínez Andrea Paola
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza el texto El olvido que seremos, obra del autor colombiano Héctor Abad Faciolince, publicada en el año 2005 por la Editorial Planeta. Posterior a un recuento de la teoría de las “escrituras del yo” y la autoficción, se sostiene que la estructura narrativa del texto se inscribe en la categoría de autobioficción propuesta por Manuel Alberca en su libro El pacto ambiguo. De la novela autobiográfica a la autoficción (2007), al ser una obra que hace uso de la experiencia propia, la vida, y de la experiencia de los otros para construir una ficción, así como forzar al máximo los límites de los géneros de autobiografía y novela, mezclando lo real-biográfico con lo ficticio de manera indisoluble para fomentar la incertidumbre del lector. Asimismo, se propone que la irrupción de la ficción en lo real-biográfico permite que el autor tome el lugar del progenitor para reconstruir y experimentar en carne propia el asesinato de su padre, hecho que no experimentó. Por último, se señala que las transgresiones de la perspectiva narrativa le otorgan a la obra un carácter polifónico que permite que las diferentes voces presentes en el texto reconstruyan, de forma fragmentada, una memoria colectiva.
Digresión y alteridad: una lectura de "Falsa calma" (2005), de María Sonia Cristoff
Authors: Tejero Yosovitch Yael Natalia
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo se propone analizar las crónicas de Falsa calma. Un recorrido por los pueblos fantasma de la Patagonia (2005), de la escritora argentina María Sonia Cristoff. Víctimas del desmantelamiento del ferrocarril durante la última dictadura militar y las políticas privatistas de los años 90, las localidades del Sur padecen la desintegración territorial. En este artículo, observamos la forma en que Cristoff aborda la relación entre las comunidades locales y la nación como comunidad imaginada (Anderson 2003), la representación de la alteridad desde perspectivas biopolíticas (Giorgi 2014) o poscoloniales (Said 2007) y la disputa por la hegemonía cultural (Williams 2009). En cada uno de esos ejes, analizamos la digresión (Chambers 1994; Echeverría 2005; Oliver 2016; Atkins 2017) como procedimiento que permite la deriva hacia otros textos a partir de los cuales se define la relación entre crónica y alteridad (Todorov 2007). Asimismo, proponemos una analogía entre el movimiento de la desviación y la integración que toda operación digresiva supone y los movimientos de aislamiento e integración territorial que se presentan en el texto como problemática comunitaria.
Los memorialistas o de los héroes contemporáneos
Authors: Vigna Gaetano Antonio
Published: May 2021

En esta contribución, a partir del análisis de los libros de memorias de Juan Luis Panero y Josefina Aldecoa, se reflexiona sobre las técnicas compositivas empleadas por los dos escritores, testigos directos de la Guerra Civil y/o de la subsiguiente represión franquista, a la hora de ofrecer su autorretrato. El análisis evidenciará la presencia en estos textos de una estructura similar a la que rige el relato del héroe. Y, más concretamente, se examina el vínculo existente entre los recuerdos de la vida personal de cada memorialista y las unidades temáticas en las que se articula la aventura del héroe, desde la llamada a la aventura, pasando por la etapa de las pruebas que han de mostrar su heroísmo, hasta el regreso a su comunidad de pertenencia. De esta manera, será posible ver no solo la manera en la que se eleva la vida personal a la categoría de mito, sino también la razón por la que dichas estructuras heroicas se revitalizan en la escritura memorialística contemporánea.
HUBUNGAN COVID-19 DENGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA BANDA ACEH (SWOT Analysis)
Authors: Presilawati Febyolla
Published: May 2021

Covid-19 diketahui merupakan salah satu jenis virus yang sangat mematikan hal ini berdampak terhadap kesehatan masyarakat, perekonomian, sosial, dan juga pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat Hubungan Covid-19 dengan Pariwisata di Banda Aceh. Berdasarkan analisis SWOT, upaya pencegahan penyebaran virus Corona lebih terkendali di tangani oleh Pemerintah dengan adanya penutupan tempat pariwisata atau tempat keramaian lainnya. Dengan di tutupnya tempat wisata dan tempat keramaian, masyarakat dituntut untuk tetap dirumah saja. Penutupan tempat pariwisata atau tempat-tempat ramai adalah hal yang sangat bisa dipahami karena Negara kita sedang dilanda wabah. Akan tetapi, jika ini berlangsung lama, akan merugikan pedagang/pengusaha-pengusaha yang berada disekitaran tempat pariwisata.
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KARIR, KONDISI PEKERJAAN DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. PEGADAIAN KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Safitri Husnaina Mailisa , Shobihah Luthfiya Vini
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pengembangan karier terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian Kota Banda Aceh. Untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh kondisi pekerjaan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian Kota Banda Aceh. Untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian Kota Banda Aceh. Untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pengembangan karir, kondisi pekerjaan, dan kepuasan kerja  terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian Kota Banda Aceh. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu kuesioner. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Uji-t dan Uji-f. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengembangan karir berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian Kota Banda Aceh. Kondisi pekerjaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian Kota Banda Aceh. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian Kota Banda Aceh. Pengembangan karir, kondisi pekerjaan dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pegadaian Kota Banda Aceh.
PENGARUH KINERJA LAYANAN, KEPERCAYAAN, DAN KEPUASAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MENGGUNAKAN JASA PENGIRIMAN JNE DI KOTA BANDA ACEH TERKAIT KETERLAMBATAN PENGANTARAN
Authors: Ariyanto Agus , Amalia Rizka
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh kinerja layanan, kepercayaan, dan kepuasan secara parsial dan simultan terhadap loyalitas konsumen menggunakan jasa pengiriman JNE di kota Banda Aceh terkait keterlambatan pengantaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 konsumen dengan menggunakan teknik Accidental Sampling. dan teknik analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja layanan, kepercayaan, dan kepuasan secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen JNE di Kota Banda Aceh. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pengaruh Kinerja Layanan, Kepercayaan, dan Kepuasan berpengaruh secara signifikan Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Menggunakan Jasa Pengiriman JNE Di Kota Banda Aceh. Hal ini dikarenakan dengan adanya kinerja layanan terhadap konsumen sehingga konsumen merasa puas menggunakan jasa pengiriman JNE di Kota Banda Aceh. Selain dari itu Kepercayaan akan membuat konsumen lebih yakin dan aman untuk memilih menggunakan jasa pengiriman JNE di Kota Banda Aceh. Dan untuk kepuasan dengan adanya layanan yang lebih baik maka konsumen akan merasa puas dan nyaman menggunakan jasa pengiriman JNE di Kota Banda Aceh.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, KOMUNIKASI DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR KIP ACEH
Authors: Mulliyandar Mulliyandar , Safitri Husnaina Mailisa
Published: May 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor KIP Aceh dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor KIP Aceh serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kesejahteraan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor KIP Aceh.  Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui daftar pernyataan/kuisioner dan studi dokumentasi. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, uji F (simultan) dan uji t (parsial) pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05). Objek penelitian ini adalah tentang Kompetensi, komunikasi kerja dan Kesejahteraan serta kinerja pegawai pada Kantor KIP Aceh. Ukuran sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 66 pegawai. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara uji simultan antara variabel Kompetensi, komunikasi dan Kesejahteraan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor KIP Aceh. Kemudian secara parsial  yaitu variabel Kompetensi dan Kesejahteraan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor KIP Aceh. Sedangkan variabel Komunikasi tidak   berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor KIP Aceh.
PENGARUH KETERLIBATAN KERJA DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. BANK ACEH BANDA ACEH
Authors: Firdaus Fauzi , Sulfitra Sulfitra
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh keterlibatan kerja dan komitmen organisasional terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Bank Aceh Banda Aceh. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 67 orang dari seluruh karyawan PT. Bank Aceh Banda Aceh. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui convenience sampling.dan dianalisa secara kuantitatif. Analisa data untuk melihat pengaruh variabel terikat dan variabel bebas menggunakan analisis persamaan regresi linear berganda. Uji hipotesis menggunakan Uji t dan Uji F, dengan bantuan komputer program SPSS V.21 For Windows. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa variabel keterlibatan kerja dan variabel komitmen organisasional berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial dan simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Bank Aceh Banda Aceh, dan variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah komitmen organisasional.
Aplicación de dietas hipocalóricas estructuradas en la reducción del síndrome metabólico y peso corporal como factores de riesgo de la COVID-19
Authors: Díaz Tarazona Amelia , López Sánchez Jorge Luis , Martel Carranza Christian Paolo
Published: May 2021

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Analysis of PsO & PsA Treatment with a Focus on Biologics
Authors: Dang Vivian , Stern Craig
Published: May 2021

Psoriasis (PsO) is an autoimmune disease where skin cells build up and form scaly, itchy, and dry patches. PsO is a lifelong disease with spontaneous remission and exacerbation. Up to 30% of patients will also have psoriatic arthritis (PsA) which consists of joint inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling. Currently, there is no cure for PsO and PsA, so treatments are focused more on alleviating symptoms, reducing disease severity, and improving quality of life. The goal of this article is to examine treatment selections of biologics for patients with moderate-severe PsO and PsA. Most biologics included in this article, with the exception of etanercept, will allow at least 70% of PsO patients to experience a 75% improvement after 3 months and at least 50% of PsA patients to experience at least a 20% improvement after 6 months. The patient’s insurance coverage, comorbidities, and dosing preference are major factors that should be taken into consideration when selecting a biologic.
Author Index (Conference)
Authors:   Scientia Pharmaceutica
						Editorial Office
Published: May 2021

n/a
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE PERFORMANCE AND SURVIVAL OF MICRO-ENTERPRISES
Authors: BEIZITERE Ilona , SLOKA Biruta , BRENCE Ieva
Published: May 2021

Purpose – to examine the Latvian micro-enterprises having indicated the external financing as an important
factor for their development.
Research methodology – the results of the ad hoc survey (WAPI) on companies registered in Latvia in nationally defined
sectors are used. Valid responses were received from 2.511 companies, of which 1.879 were micro-enterprises,
the results were processed by using the SPSS programme.
Findings – micro-enterprises that have not received the necessary external financing in previous years were less sustainable
in the later period. Of the liquidated micro-enterprises examined, 16% were closed in 2020.
Research limitations – the study highlights the impact of the availability of finance factor on the survival of micro-enterprises.
Practical implications – the findings are useful for business support policy makers to identify preventative measures to
ensure the resilience of micro-enterprises in times of economic turmoil when the spread of the Covid-19 has affected
economy.
Originality/Value – although scientific research on the need for financial support for companies has already been conducted
in recent years, our study emphasizes the importance of access to finance for micro-enterprises.
Constraining the Origin of the Puzzling Source HESS J1640−465 and the PeVatron Candidate HESS J1641−463 Using Fermi-Large Area Telescope Observations
Authors: Mares A. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Acero F. , Clark C. J. , Devin J. , Gabici S. , Gelfand J. D. , Green D. A. , Grondin M.-H.
Published: May 2021

There are only a few very-high-energy sources in our Galaxy that might accelerate particles up to the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum. To understand the mechanisms of particle acceleration in these PeVatron candidates, Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) and High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) observations are essential to characterize their γ-ray emission. HESS J1640–465 and the PeVatron candidate HESS J1641–463 are two neighboring (0.25°) γ-ray sources, spatially coincident with the radio supernova remnants (SNRs) G338.3–0.0 and G338.5+0.1. Detected both by H.E.S.S. and the Fermi-LAT, we present here a morphological and spectral analysis of these two sources using 8 yr of Fermi-LAT data between 200 MeV and 1 TeV with multiwavelength observations to assess their nature. The morphology of HESS J1640–465 is described by a 2D Gaussian (σ = 0.053° ± 0.011°stat ± 0.03°syst) and its spectrum is modeled by a power law with a spectral index Γ = 1.8 ± 0.1stat ± 0.2syst. HESS J1641–463 is detected as a point-like source and its GeV emission is described by a logarithmic-parabola spectrum with α = 2.7 ± 0.1stat ± 0.2syst and significant curvature of β = 0.11 ± 0.03stat ± 0.05syst. Radio and X-ray flux upper limits were derived. We investigated scenarios to explain their emission, namely, the emission from accelerated particles within the SNRs spatially coincident with each source, molecular clouds illuminated by cosmic rays from the close-by SNRs, and a pulsar/pulsar wind nebula origin. Our new Fermi-LAT results and the radio and flux X-ray upper limits pose severe constraints on some of these models.
Kinetic Features for the Identification of Kelvin–Helmholtz Vortices in In Situ Observations
Authors: Settino A. , Perrone D. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Valentini F.
Published: May 2021

The boundaries identification of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices in observational data has been addressed by searching for single-spacecraft small-scale signatures. A recent hybrid Vlasov–Maxwell simulation of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability has pointed out clear kinetic features that uniquely characterize the vortex during both the nonlinear and turbulent stage of the instability. We compare the simulation results with in situ observations of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices by the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. We find good agreement between simulation and observations. In particular, the edges of the vortex are associated with strong current sheets, while the center is characterized by a low value for the magnitude of the total current density and strong deviation of the ion distribution function from a Maxwellian distribution. We also find a significant temperature anisotropy parallel to the magnetic field inside the vortex region and strong agyrotropies near the edges. We suggest that these kinetic features can be useful for the identification of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices in in situ data.
Multicolor Photometry of the Semiregular Variable V698 Tau
Authors: Schmidtke Paul , Hunter Tim
Published: May 2021

We present photometric B, V, and R observations of the semiregular variable V698 Tau taken in 2020–2021. The star varies by ∼1 mag in each filter with a mean period of ∼185 days. At minimum light the star is noticeably redder in V − R than at maximum while slightly bluer in B − V. The magnitudes and colors are consistent with those of a reddened M8 giant.
Photodetachment and Test-particle Simulation Constraints on Negative Ions in Solar System Plasmas
Authors: Desai Ravindra T. , Zhang Zeqi , Wu Xinni , Lue Charles
Published: May 2021

Negative ions have been detected in abundance in recent years by spacecraft across the solar system. These detections were, however, made by instruments not designed for this purpose and, as such, significant uncertainties remain regarding the prevalence of these unexpected plasma components. In this article, the phenomenon of photodetachment is examined, and experimentally and theoretically derived cross-sections are used to calculate photodetachment rates for a range of atomic and molecular negative ions subjected to the solar photon spectrum. These rates are applied to negative ions outflowing from Europa, Enceladus, Titan, Dione, and Rhea and their trajectories are traced to constrain source production rates and the extent to which negative ions are able to pervade the surrounding space environments. Predictions are also made for further negative ion populations in the outer solar system with Triton used as an illustrative example. This study demonstrates how, at increased heliocentric distances, negative ions can form stable ambient plasma populations and can be exploited by future missions to the outer solar system.
Potential for cross-contamination of diatom DNA samples when using toothbrushes
Authors: Kelly Martyn G. , Jones Tim , Walsh Kerry
Published: May 2021

The use of toothbrushes and similar devices for sampling diatoms from hard surfaces is a well-established approach. Toothbrushes are routinely cleaned and reused when sampling for analysis by light microscopy. This paper looks at the scale of contamination encountered when this technique is used to sample diatoms for metabarcoding analyses, as well as at the scale of contamination to be expected if stream, rather than distilled water, is used to wash diatoms from stones. Although some contamination attributable to toothbrushes was detected, read numbers were low and had no effect on index calculation or ecological status estimates. However, if the primary focus of a study is to thoroughly document diversity in a sample, then even this small level of contamination may be unacceptable and more stringent measures may be required.
Les transferts de fonds des migrants (TFM) expliquent-ils les fragilités des États africains ?
Authors: Avom Désiré , Ongo Nkoa Bruno Emmanuel , Song Jacques Simon
Published: May 2021

Les TFM en Afrique ont considérablement augmenté au cours des deux dernières décennies et alimentent une littérature extrêmement féconde. Dans cet article, nous examinons leur conséquence sur les fragilités observées à partir d’un échantillon de 51 pays africains. À cet effet, partant des différentes dimensions de la fragilité, nous spécifions et estimons un modèle en données de panel par la « méthode des moments généralisés en système » (MMG-S) sur la période 1995-2016. Nos résultats montrent que les TFM accroissent la fragilité globale de l’Afrique, ainsi que les fragilités économique, politique et environnementale. Ils n’ont cependant aucun effet sur les fragilités sociale et sécuritaire. Contrôlés par deux mesures complémentaires des TFM, nos résultats restent stables et robustes. Nous suggérons la mise en place d’un système de traçabilité, afin de mieux contrôler le volume et leur orientation dans le financement des activités économiques productives.
Quand militant·es cyclistes et chauffeurs de bus font cause commune
Authors: Chérubin Audrey
Published: May 2021

Cet article prend pour objet la convergence autour de la « mobilité durable » à Mexico de militant·es cyclistes et de micro-entrepreneurs du transport de bus, soit des individus provenant de mondes sociaux cloisonnés, séparés par la nature de leurs activités mais aussi par des frontières de genre et de classe. L’hypothèse explorée ici est que la compréhension de telles alliances, encore peu étudiées par la sociologie de l’environnement, requiert d’adopter une approche à la fois relationnelle et processuelle en analysant les dispositions et intérêts des agents à la convergence au vu de leurs trajectoires et positions préalables ; les médiations qui permettent leur rencontre ; et le rapprochement cognitif auquel elle donne lieu. On montrera ainsi comment, occupant initialement des positions homologues de challengers dans leurs milieux respectifs, militant·es et entrepreneurs sont réuni·es sous l’égide d’intermédiaires locaux et internationaux par le déploiement d’un instrument à même de concilier leurs aspirations, un système de Bus Rapid Transit ( brt ), cette collaboration constituant le support de la production d’un collectif et de la formulation d’une cause commune.
Plant cell wall chemistry: implications for ruminant utilisation
Authors: Li X.
Published: May 2021

Ruminants have adapted to cope with bulky, fibrous forage diets by accommodating a large, diverse microbial population in the reticulo-rumen. Ruminants are dependent on forages as their main sources of energy and other nutrients. Forages are comprised of a complex matrix of cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, minerals and phenolic compounds (including lignin and tannins) with various linkages; many of which are poorly defined. The composition and characteristics of polysaccharides vary greatly among forages and plant cell walls. Plant cell walls are linked and packed together in tight configurations to resist degradation, and hence their nutritional value to animals varies considerably, depending on composition, structure and degradability. An understanding of the inter-relationship between the chemical composition and the degradation of plant cell walls by rumen microorganisms is of major economic importance to ruminant production. Increasing the efficiency of fibre degradation in the rumen has been the subject of extensive research for many decades. This review summarises current knowledge of forage chemistry in order to develop strategies to increase efficiency of forage utilisation by ruminants.
Evaluation of the fat oxidation quality of commercialHermetia illucens meal
Authors: Mouithys-Mickalad A. , Tome N. Martin , Boogaard T. , Serteyn D. , Schmitt E. , Paul A.
Published: May 2021

Hermetia illucens meal is one of the most promising alternatives to fishmeal and soymeal. Fat oxidation quality of these products is crucial, as it directly influences the palatability of feed, and health of animals consuming it. During this study, oxidative quality of commercialH. illucens meal, fishmeal and soymeal was evaluated by measuring fatty acid profile, free fatty acid content, peroxide value,p-anisidine value and electron spin resonance spectra of lipid free radicals. Fishmeal and soymeal used in this study had antioxidants, either added (in fishmeal), or naturally present (in soymeal), whereasH. illucens meal had no added antioxidants. Results indicate that fishmeal contain high levels of lipid free radicals and secondary oxidation products, which may adversely affect the health of the animal consuming it. In contrast,H. illucens meal and soymeal are stable in terms of oxidative quality. The majority of soymeal consumed in Europe originates from South America, where soy farming is linked to several social and environmental challenges.H. illucens meal could be a local and sustainable alternative to fishmeal and soymeal. Oxidative stability ofH. illucens meal could be attributed to the short supply chain and careful design of the thermal processing step. In case ofH. illucens meal, thermal processing is effective enough to deactivate sn-1,3-lipase, while causing minimal damage to unsaturated triglycerides.H. illucens meal contain high levels of saturated fats and is thermally processed at mild conditions in comparison to fishmeal and soymeal. This may offer advantage toH. illucens meal in terms of fat oxidation quality.
Effect ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae addition to feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on the health and performance indices of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings
Authors: Pinheiro R.E.E. , Rodrigues A.M.D. , Batista E.K.F. , Monte A.M. , Ribeiro M.N. , Calvet R.M. , Pereyra C.M. , Torres A.M. , Araripe M.N.B.A. , Muratori M.C.S.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae to feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the performance and health of tambaqui fingerlings. A fully randomised study design was used, represented by four treatments: (T1) with 0.0 μg/kg of AFB1 and 0.0 colony forming unit (cfu)/g of yeast (control); (T2) with 0.0 μg/kg of AFB1 and 106 cfu/g of yeast; (T3) with 100 μg/kg of AFB1 and 0.0 cfu/g of yeast and (T4) with 100 μg/kg of AFB1 and 106 cfu/g of yeast, with four repetitions per treatment. Over a period of 34 days, 192 fingerlings with an initial weight of 2.9±0.2 g and length of 26.1±1.3 mm were used, distributed in 16 tanks with 12 fish per experimental unit. The following parameters were evaluated: water quality, zootechnical performance, histopathological analysis, counting and isolation of yeasts from the feed and intestine. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05) in the initial weight, initial length, final length, specific growth rate, mean length gain, Fulton condition factor (K Factor) or survival rate of the tambaqui fingerlings during the trial period. Statistical differences (P<0.05) were found between the treatments with respect to fingerling final weight, mean weight gain and average feed intake. Histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues from tambaqui fingerlings were more pronounced in T3 and T4. Based on histopathological findings, the yeast was unable to reduce the characteristic effects of aflatoxicosis in tambaqui fingerlings fed with 100 μg/kg AFB1. TheS. cerevisiae A8L2 strain was able to colonise the intestine of tambaqui fingerlings, however, its addition in conjunction with 100 μg/kg AFB1 to fingerling feed did not promote improvements in performance indices or the histopathological parameters of these animals.
Current postharvest practices and aflatoxin contamination awareness amongst maize producers in Jimma Zone, Southwest of Ethiopia
Authors: Bereka T.Y. , Kuyu C.G. , Tolera K.D. , Addis E.M.
Published: May 2021

Grain contamination by mycotoxins can cause significantly negative health and economic impact in areas where poor agricultural practices and food insecurity is prevalent. This study was conducted to investigate the current postharvest practices and aflatoxin contamination awareness level amongst maize producers in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for quantitative and qualitative data collection from 90 randomly selected maize producers in two districts through a cross-sectional study design. The study revealed poor postharvest practices due to lack of proper infrastructure. Maize is harvested after maturation with the use of traditional sun drying. Plastic sheets are commonly used to protect harvested maize from rain during field drying. The majority of the respondents reported the use of traditional storage structures (81.1%) with great potential for possible mould proliferation and aflatoxin production. Maize producers of up to 62.2% were ignorant about aflatoxins and up to 26.7% reported the possible usage of aflatoxin contaminated maize in human food preparation and animal feed production. Up to 53.3% of the respondents were ignorant of aflatoxin risks in human health and stability during food processing hence the usage of mouldy maize fortella brewing. Further investigations on aflatoxin levels in maize-based food and beverages, and human exposure studies are needed. Moreover, there is a need to enhance the maize producers’ knowledge on good agricultural practices and mycotoxicosis through awareness programmes.
Long-term exposure of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish to dietary aflatoxin B1: residues in tissues and performance
Authors: Michelin E.C. , Bedoya-Serna C.M. , Carrion L.C.S. , Godoy S.H.S. , Baldin J.C. , Lima C.G. , Yasui G.S. , Rottinghaus G.E. , Sousa R.L.M. , Fernandes A.M.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this work was to evaluate the aflatoxins residues on tissues of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish chronically exposed to dietary aflatoxins, also evaluating the effects on fish performance. Aflatoxins were incorporated into the extruded fish feed and the concentrations were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental design comprised the following treatments: Control – feed without toxin; Treatment A: feed + 10 μg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/kg; Treatment B: feed + 20 μg AFB1/kg and Treatment C: feed + 50 μg AFB1/kg. Pacu juvenile were allocated in tanks with density of one fish per litter. The experiment lasted 180 days with monthly sampling, and approximately ten fish per treatment were used to compose a sample. Biometric surveys were performed every 30 days, including standard weight and length. Aflatoxins were detected and quantified in fish muscle and liver by HPLC, using immunoafinity columns. Results showed AFB1 deposition in the liver throughout the experiment in all treatments, but only treatment C differed significantly (P<0.05) from the others after 150 days, while in muscle there was low residual deposition. Long-term exposed fish had negative influence in weight and length. The higher mortality was observed in treatment C. Although there were AFB1 residues at low levels in liver and only a slight amount in fish muscle, it should be noted that accumulation is possible in the Pacu species. The diets contaminated with AFB1 negatively interfered in weight and length of fish when compared to control. Therefore, it can be concluded that long-term exposure of Pacu to dietary AFB1 can cause losses to producers.
A Comparative Analysis of Blended Models at Tertiary Level
Authors: S. Vijaya Kumar , P. Tamilarasan
Published: May 2021

In this research study, the learning outcomes of a blended learning course in an ESL classroom is reported. Although previous research studies have adequately addressed the effect of blended instruction on learning outcomes, there is a dearth of research on the effectiveness of flipped and online model. A review of current literature on online and flipped models revealed that both these models positively impact the learning outcomes. Since this study aims to measure the impact of these two models, an experimental research design was chosen. Two homogeneous groups with a sample size of 22 from each were randomly selected for the study. The instructional method for Group A was the flipped model, and the instructional method for Group B was the online lab model. The t-test results indicated that the the flipped group outperformed the online group.
A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Study on Industry 4.0 Among the Public Sector Construction Client in Malaysia
Authors: Zabidin Nadia Safura , Belayutham Sheila , Ibrahim Che Khairil Izam Che
Published: May 2021

The impact of Industry 4.0 will amplify globalization, automation, virtualization, integration, and agility towards the construction industry's development in light of different stakeholders in the industry. In this chapter, people's perceptions, awarenesses, and operations on Industry 4.0's innovation and technological growth, which constitutes a new scenario for future construction industry, will be explored. The outcome of this Industry 4.0 study provides an overview of the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among the public sector construction client in Malaysia. This would enable the establishment of the baseline (reference value) for future intervention strategies by having construction public sector, particularly the client, as the driver for change towards construction digitalisation.
Blockchains for Use in Construction and Engineering Projects
Authors: Blumberg George
Published: May 2021

This chapter describes blockchains and illustrates this explanation using the results of a prototype project for an industrial application for a construction project. The chapter describes the application and how modular software components can be used to assemble a blockchain solution. The chapter concludes with a design of the system architecture. The background to blockchain technology includes a description of the evolving nature due to communal, open software consortia and an accelerated prototyping of systems. Four recommendations are made in the chapter. These include the need to form consortia for prototyping applications, encouraging government involvement, the need for engagement with the open software development community, and the suggestion that systems should be designed to support Lean production. A final section offers a range of discussion topics on the current state of the technology and where to expect area of increased interest. These are summarized in three areas: Lean management, Industry 4.0 and smart cities, and topics around privacy and security.
BIM and IoT for Facilities Management
Authors: Codinhoto Ricardo , Fialho Beatriz Campos , Pinti Lidia , Fabricio Márcio Minto
Published: May 2021

The AEC industry is facing a digital transformation that is improving the efficiency of services involved in designing, building, and operating assets and the users' well-being. Such a transformation towards sustainable smart cities is underpinned by two disruptive technologies: building information modelling (BIM) and internet of things (IoT). In this chapter, the authors present a review of studies that have focused on the identification of BIM and IoT technologies applicable to AEC industry processes, describing suitable strategies for data collection, storage and sharing, and fields of application. They also present data from two case studies that help us to understand how BIM can support better facilities management. From the literature, it was found that process improvements are a predominant research focus, reinforcing that successful BIM and IoT adoption goes beyond the acquisition of technology. The case studies revealed that a framework for prioritising areas is still needed for giving direction to researchers and practitioners concerning where to start the digital transition.
The Impact of European Funds in View of Company Value Creation
Authors: Teixeira Nuno Miguel , Lisboa Inês , Brites Rui , Godinho Teresa
Published: May 2021

Over the last few years, business management has become quite complex, leading to constant risks in the business context resulting from economies' globalization, not only by the frequent change in the organizations' proprietary structure, but also due to technological innovation and competitiveness in the global market. The sum of all the factors referred to above and the actual pandemic situation has substantially increased the level of risk in current or strategic management decisions taken within the scope of the organizations' activity. Thus, the aim of this research is to study the impact of EU funds on Portuguese companies by analyzing companies that have benefited from European incentives under the innovation incentive system, since it covers financing investments of global and strategic nature in productive areas. In this sense, the sample includes the companies that had projects approved in 2014 and aims to verify the impact of these incentives on the capacity of value creation, as well as on job creation and internationalization level in years of 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018.
Structures and Functions of Holding Companies in Different Countries
Authors: Avci Pınar
Published: May 2021

The word “holding” is an English word. Some researchers state that this word derives from the root “hold” and means to hold management as “to hold and control,” while others state that it means to own a stock with the phrase “shareholder” or “to hold and control.” The word “holding” used by the countries of the world for business groups is expressed in different words by different countries. The following words are used: “holding” in Turkey, “chaebol” in South Korea, “keiretsu” in Japan, and “grupos economicos” in Latin America. At the same time, business groups are referred to as Qiye Jituan in China, Guanxi Qiye in Taiwan, Grupos in Spain, and Konzerne in Germany. In addition to these words mentioned, an American term “conglomerate” (holding) is sometimes stated in the alternative with business groups.