bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The step‐and‐shoot IMRT overshooting phenomenon: a novel method to mitigate patient overdosage
Authors: Zhen Heming , Ouyang Luo , Bao Qinan , Qin Nan , Stojadinovic Strahinja , Pompos Arnold
Published: February 2017

The goal of this work is to evaluate the dosimetric impact of an overshooting phenomenon in step‐and‐shoot IMRT delivery, and to demonstrate a novel method to mitigate the issue. Five pelvis IMRT patients treated on Varian 2100C EX linacs with larger than phantom ion chamber point‐dose difference relative to planned dose were investigated. For each patient plan, 5 fractions were delivered. DynaLog files were recorded and centi‐MU pulses from dose integrator board for every control point (CP) were counted using a commercial pulse counter. The counter recorded CP MU agrees with DynaLog records, both showing an MU overshoot of the first segment of every beam. The 3D patient dose was recalculated from the counter records and compared to the planned dose, showing that the overshoot resulted in on average 2.05% of PTV error, and 2.49%, 2.61% and 2.45% of error for rectum, bladder, and bowel, respectively. The initial plans were then modified by inserting a specially designed MLC segment to the start of every beam. The modified plans were also delivered five times. The dose from the modified delivery was calculated using counter recorded CP MU. The corresponding parameters were all within 0.31% from the original plan. IMRT QA results also show a 2.2% improvement in ion chamber point‐dose agreement. The results demonstrate that the proposed plan modification method effectively eliminates the overdosage from the overshooting phenomenon.

PACS number(s): 87.55.Qr, 87.55.km
Clinical implications of the overshoot effect for treatment plan delivery and patient‐specific quality assurance for step‐and‐shoot IMRT
Authors: Baines John A. , Zawlodzka Sylwia J. , Parfitt Matthew L. , Hickey Brigid E. , Pullar Andrew P.
Published: February 2017

In this work, overshoot and undershoot effects associated with step‐and‐shoot IMRT (SSIMRT) delivery on a Varian Clinac 21iX are investigated, and their impact on patient‐specific QA point dose measurements and treatment plan delivery are evaluated. Pinnacle3 SSIMRT plans consisting of 5, 10, and 15 identical MLC defined segments and MU/segment values of 5 MU, 10 MU, and 20 MU were utilized and delivered at 600/300 MU/min. Independent of the number of segments the overshoot and undershoot at 600 MU/min were approximately , and for 5 MU/segment, 10 MU/segment, and 20 MU/segment, respectively. At 300 MU/min, each of these values is approximately halved. Interfractional variation of these effects (10 fractions), as well as dosimetric variations for intermediate segments, are reduced at the lower dose rate. QA point‐dose measurements for a sample of head and neck SSIMRT beams were on average 2.9% (600 MU/min) and 1.7% (300 MU/min) higher than Pinnacle3 planned doses. In comparison for prostate beams , measured point doses were 0.8% (600 MU/min) and 0.4% (300 MU/min) higher. The reduction in planned‐measured point‐dose discrepancies at 300 MU/min can be attributed in part to the inclusion of the first segment (overshoot) in the admixture of segments that deliver measured dose. Pinnacle3 plans for 10/9 head and neck/prostate treatments were adjusted by to include the effects of overshoot and undershoot at 600 MU/min. Comparing original and adjusted plans for each site indicated that the original plan was preferred in 70% and 89% of head and neck and prostate cases, respectively. The disparity between planned and delivered treatment that this suggests can potentially be mitigated by treating SSIMRT at a dose rate below 600 MU/min.

PACS number(s): 87.55.Qr, 87.56.bd, 87.56.N‐
A routine quality assurance test for CT automatic exposure control systems
Authors: Iball Gareth R. , Moore Alexis C. , Crawford Elizabeth J.
Published: February 2017

The study purpose was to develop and validate a quality assurance test for CT automatic exposure control (AEC) systems based on a set of nested polymethylmethacrylate CTDI phantoms. The test phantom was created by offsetting the 16 cm head phantom within the 32 cm body annulus, thus creating a three part phantom. This was scanned at all acceptance, routine, and some nonroutine quality assurance visits over a period of 45 months, resulting in 115 separate AEC tests on scanners from four manufacturers. For each scan the longitudinal mA modulation pattern was generated and measurements of image noise were made in two annular regions of interest. The scanner displayed CTDIvol and DLP were also recorded. The impact of a range of AEC configurations on dose and image quality were assessed at acceptance testing. For systems that were tested more than once, the percentage of CTDIvol values exceeding 5%, 10%, and 15% deviation from baseline was 23.4%, 12.6%, and 8.1% respectively. Similarly, for the image noise data, deviations greater than 2%, 5%, and 10% from baseline were 26.5%, 5.9%, and 2%, respectively. The majority of CTDIvol and noise deviations greater than 15% and 5%, respectively, could be explained by incorrect phantom setup or protocol selection. Barring these results, CTDIvol deviations of greater than 15% from baseline were found in 0.9% of tests and noise deviations greater than 5% from baseline were found in 1% of tests. The phantom was shown to be sensitive to changes in AEC setup, including the use of 3D, longitudinal or rotational tube current modulation. This test methodology allows for continuing performance assessment of CT AEC systems, and we recommend that this test should become part of routine CT quality assurance programs. Tolerances of for CTDIvol and for image noise relative to baseline values should be used.

PACS number(s): 87.57.Q‐
Characteristics of quantitative perfusion parameters on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in mammographically occult breast cancer
Authors: Ryu Jung Kyu , Rhee Sun Jung , Song Jeong Yoon , Cho Soo Hyun , Jahng Geon‐Ho
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of quantitative perfusion parameters obtained from dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with mammographically occult (MO) breast cancers and those with mammographically visible (MV) breast cancers. Quantitative parameters (AUC, , and ) from 13 MO breast cancers and 16 MV breast cancers were mapped after the DCE‐MRI data were acquired. Various prognostic factors, including axillary nodal status, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki‐67, p53, E‐cadherin, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were obtained in each group. Fisher's exact test was used to compare any differences of the various prognostic factors between the two groups. The Mann‐Whitney U test was applied to compare the quantitative parameters between these two groups. Finally, Spearman's correlation was used to investigate the relationships between perfusion indices and four factors — age, tumor size, Ki‐67, and p53 — for each group. Although age, tumor size, and the prognostic factors were not statistically different between the two groups, the mean values of the quantitative parameters, except in the MV group, were higher than those in the MO group without statistical significance . The value was significantly different between the two groups , but the other parameters were not. In the MO group, with size, with p53, and and with Ki‐67 had significant correlations (). However, in the MV group, only showed significant correlation with age. The value was only the perfusion parameter of statistical significance between MO and MV breast cancers.

PACS number(s): 87.19.U‐, 87.61.‐c
Dosimetric impact of cylinder size in high‐dose rate vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCBT) for primary endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhang Hualin , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Lee Plato , Kang Zhuang , Sathiaseelan Vythialingam
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric impact of cylinder size in high‐dose‐rate (HDR) vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCBT). Sample plans of HDR VCBT in a list of cylinders ranging from 2.5 to 4 cm in diameter at 0.5 cm increment were created and analyzed. The doses were prescribed either at the 0.5 cm depth with 5.5 Gy for 4 fractions or at the cylinder surface with 8.8 Gy for 4 fractions, in various treatment lengths. A 0.5 cm shell volume called PTV_Eval was contoured for each plan and served as the target volume for dosimetric evaluation. The cumulative and differential dose volume histograms (c‐DVH and d‐DVH), mean doses (D‐mean) and the doses covering 90% (D90), 10% (D10), and 5% (D5) of PTV_Eval were calculated. In the 0.5 cm depth regimen, the DVH curves were found to have shifted toward the lower dose zone when a larger cylinder was used, but in the surface regimen the DVH curves shifted toward the higher dose zone as the cylinder size increased. The D‐means of the both regimens were between 6.9 and 7.8 Gy and dependent on the cylinder size but independent of the treatment length. A 0.5 cm variation of diameter could result in a 4% change of D‐mean. Average D90s were 5.7 (ranging from 5.6 to 5.8 Gy) and 6.1 Gy (from 5.7 to 6.4 Gy), respectively, for the 0.5 cm and surface regimens. Average D10 and D5 were 9.2 and 11 Gy, respectively, for the 0.5 cm depth regimen, and 8.9 and 9.7 Gy, respectively, for the surface regimen. D‐mean, D90, D10, and D5 for other prescription doses could be calculated from the lookup tables of this study. Results indicated that the cylinder size has moderate dosimetric impact, and that both regimens are comparable in dosimetric quality.

PACS number(s): 87.61.‐c, 87.53.Jw, 87.19.xj
Clinical experience with planning, quality assurance, and delivery of burst‐mode modulated arc therapy
Authors: Kainz Kristofer , Prah Douglas , Ahunbay Ergun , Li X. Allen
Published: February 2017

“Burst‐mode” modulated arc therapy (hereafter referred to as “mARC”) is a form of volumetric‐modulated arc therapy characterized by variable gantry rotation speed, static MLCs while the radiation beam is on, and MLC repositioning while the beam is off. We present our clinical experience with the planning techniques and plan quality assurance measurements of mARC delivery. Clinical mARC plans for five representative cases (prostate, low‐dose‐rate brain, brain with partial‐arc vertex fields, pancreas, and liver SBRT) were generated using a Monte Carlo–based treatment planning system. A conventional‐dose‐rate flat 6 MV and a high‐dose‐rate non‐flat 7 MV beam are available for planning and delivery. mARC plans for intact‐prostate cases can typically be created using one 360° arc, and treatment times per fraction seldom exceed 6 min using the flat beam; using the nonflat beam results in slightly higher MU per fraction, but also in delivery times less than 4 min and with reduced mean dose to distal organs at risk. mARC also has utility in low‐dose‐rate brain irradiation; mARC fields can be designed which deliver a uniform 20 cGy dose to the PTV in approximately 3‐minute intervals, making it a viable alternative to conventional 3D CRT. For brain cases using noncoplanar arcs, delivery time is approximately six min using the nonflat beam. For pancreas cases using the nonflat beam, two overlapping 360° arcs are required, and delivery times are approximately 10 min. For liver SBRT, the time to deliver 800 cGy per fraction is at least 12 min. Plan QA measurements indicate that the mARC delivery is consistent with the plan calculation for all cases. mARC has been incorporated into routine practice within our clinic; currently, on average approximately 15 patients per day are treated using mARC; and with the exception of LDR brain cases, all are treated using the nonflat beam.

PACS number(s): 87.55.D‐, 87.55.K‐, 87.53.Ay. 87.56.N‐
Accuracy of one algorithm used to modify a planned DVH with data from actual dose delivery
Authors: Ma Tianjun , Podgorsak Matthew B. , Kumaraswamy Lalith K.
Published: February 2017

Detection and accurate quantification of treatment delivery errors is important in radiation therapy. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of DVH based QA in quantifying delivery errors. Eighteen previously treated VMAT plans (prostate, H&N, and brain) were randomly chosen for this study. Conventional IMRT delivery QA was done with the ArcCHECK diode detector for error‐free plans and plans with the following modifications: 1) induced monitor unit differences up to ) control point deletion (3, 5, and 8 control points were deleted for each arc), and 3) gantry angle shift (2° uniform shift clockwise and counterclockwise). 2D and 3D distance‐to‐agreement (DTA) analyses were performed for all plans with SNC Patient software and 3DVH software, respectively. Subsequently, accuracy of the reconstructed DVH curves and DVH parameters in 3DVH software were analyzed for all selected cases using the plans in the Eclipse treatment planning system as standard. 3D DTA analysis for error‐induced plans generally gave high pass rates, whereas the 2D evaluation seemed to be more sensitive to detecting delivery errors. The average differences for DVH parameters between each pair of Eclipse recalculation and 3DVH prediction were within 2% for all three types of error‐induced treatment plans. This illustrates that 3DVH accurately quantifies delivery errors in terms of actual dose delivered to the patients. 2D DTA analysis should be routinely used for clinical evaluation. Any concerns or dose discrepancies should be further analyzed through DVH‐based QA for clinically relevant results and confirmation of a conventional passing‐rate‐based QA.

PACS number(s): 87.56.Fc, 87.55.Qr, 87.55.dk, 87.55.km
A survey on table tolerances and couch overrides in radiotherapy
Authors: Chinsky Bonnie , Patel Rakesh , Panfil Joshua , Surucu Murat , Roeske John C.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to survey current departmental policies on treatment couch overrides and the values of table tolerances used clinically. A 25‐question electronic survey on couch overrides and tolerances was sent to full members of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). The first part of the survey asked participants if table overrides were allowed at their institution, who was allowed to perform these overrides, and if imaging was required with overrides. The second part of the survey asked individuals to provide table tolerance data for the following treatment sites: brain/head and neck (H&N), lung, breast, abdomen/pelvis and prostate. Each site was further divided into IMRT/VMAT and 3D conformal techniques. Spaces for free‐text were provided, allowing respondents to enter any table tolerance data they were unable to specify under the treatment sites listed. A total of 361 individuals responded, of which approximately half participated in the couch tolerances portion of the survey. Overall, 86% of respondents’ institutions allow couch tolerance overrides at treatment. Therapists were the most common staff members permitted to perform overrides, followed by physicists, dosimetrists, and physicians, respectively. Of the institutions allowing overrides, 34% reported overriding daily. More than half of the centers document the override and/or require a setup image to radiographically verify the treatment site. With respect to table tolerances, SRS/SBRT table tolerances were the tightest, while clinical setup table tolerances were the largest. There were minimal statistically significant differences between IMRT/VMAT and 3D conformal table tolerances. Our results demonstrated that table overrides are relatively common in radiotherapy despite being a potential safety concern. Institutions should review their override policy and table tolerance values in light of the practices of other institutions. Careful attention to these matters is crucial in ensuring the safe and accurate delivery of radiotherapy.

PACS number(s): 87.55.N‐, 87.55.Qr, 87.55.T‐
Acoustic streaming generated by two orthogonal standing waves propagating between two rigid walls
Authors: Doinikov Alexander A. , Thibault Pierre , Marmottant Philippe
Published: February 2017

An analytical solution is derived for the acoustic streaming generated by two orthogonal standing waves in a fluid confined between two plane rigid walls. It is assumed that the standing waves have the same frequency but, in general, are out of phase. The main restriction is that the boundary layer thickness is much smaller than the acoustic wavelength. It is shown that the acoustic streaming gives rise to vortices in which fluid particles, when moving between the walls, are rotating about axes perpendicular to the walls. The location, the form, the sense of rotation of the vortices and the vortex strength are governed by the phase shift between the driving waves.
The Two-Component System ChtRS Contributes to Chlorhexidine Tolerance in Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Guzmán Prieto Ana M. , Wijngaarden Jessica , Braat Johanna C. , Rogers Malbert R. C. , Majoor Eline , Brouwer Ellen C. , Zhang Xinglin , Bayjanov Jumamurat R. , Bonten Marc J. M. , Willems Rob J. L. , van Schaik Willem
Published: February 2017

Enterococcus faecium
is one of the primary causes of nosocomial infections. Disinfectants are commonly used to prevent infections with multidrug-resistant
E. faecium
in hospitals. Worryingly,
E. faecium
strains that exhibit tolerance to disinfectants have already been described. We aimed to identify and characterize
E. faecium
genes that contribute to tolerance to the disinfectant chlorhexidine (CHX). We used a transposon mutant library, constructed in a multidrug-resistant
E. faecium
bloodstream isolate, to perform a genome-wide screen to identify genetic determinants involved in tolerance to CHX. We identified a putative two-component system (2CS), composed of a putative sensor histidine kinase (ChtS) and a cognate DNA-binding response regulator (ChtR), which contributed to CHX tolerance in
E. faecium
. Targeted
chtR
and
chtS
deletion mutants exhibited compromised growth in the presence of CHX. Growth of the
chtR
and
chtS
mutants was also affected in the presence of the antibiotic bacitracin. The CHX- and bacitracin-tolerant phenotype of
E. faecium
E1162 was linked to a unique, nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in
chtR
. Transmission electron microscopy showed that upon challenge with CHX, the Δ
chtR
and Δ
chtS
mutants failed to divide properly and formed long chains. Normal growth and cell morphology were restored when the mutations were complemented in
trans
. Morphological abnormalities were also observed upon exposure of the Δ
chtR
and Δ
chtS
mutants to bacitracin. The tolerance to both chlorhexidine and bacitracin provided by ChtRS in
E. faecium
highlights the overlap between responses to disinfectants and antibiotics and the potential for the development of cross-tolerance for these classes of antimicrobials.
Immunosuppression With Mycophenolate Mofetil Attenuates Hypertension in an Experimental Model of Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Taylor Erin B. , Ryan Michael J.
Published: February 2017

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (
SLE
) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects women and is associated with prevalent hypertension, renal injury, and cardiovascular disease. Immune system dysfunction is recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We recently showed that preventing autoimmunity prevents the development of hypertension in an experimental model of
SLE
(female
NZBWF
1 mice). The present study tests the hypothesis that mycophenolate mofetil (
MMF
), an immunosuppressive therapy used clinically to treat
SLE
by depleting proliferating B and T lymphocytes, can improve blood pressure control.

Methods and Results

Female
SLE
and control (
NZW
/LacJ) mice were treated daily for 8 weeks with 60 mg/kg
MMF
. Circulating
CD
45R
+
B cells were lower in
MMF
‐treated
SLE
mice after 4 weeks of treatment, but neither
CD
4
+
nor
CD
8
+
T cells were reduced by
MMF
. Plasma anti–double‐stranded DNA IgG autoantibodies, a marker of
SLE
disease activity, were higher in
SLE
mice compared with controls and were lower in
SLE
mice after 8 weeks of
MMF
. Mean arterial pressure was elevated in
SLE
mice compared with controls and lower in
SLE
mice treated with
MMF
compared with vehicle‐treated
SLE
mice.
MMF
also reduced both renal injury (urinary albumin excretion and glomerulosclerosis) and the infiltration of
CD
45R
+
B cells and
CD
3
+
CD
4
+
T cells in kidneys from mice with
SLE
.

Conclusions

These data suggest that
MMF
selectively depleted
CD
45R
+
B cells and lowered subsequent autoantibody production, furthering the concept that autoantibodies mechanistically contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
A Novel Approach to Improving Patient Experience in Orthopedics
Authors: Stein Spencer M. , Shah Sarav S. , Carcich Alanna , McGill Marlena , Gammal Isaac , Langino Michael , Mauri Thomas
Published: February 2017

The patient experience domain comprises a significant portion of the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing program. This study investigated whether an intervention focusing on attending physician awareness, resident and physician assistant education, and multidisciplinary patient-centric care had an effect on patient perceived physician communication and overall hospital ratings. Responses to the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey were reviewed in 2014 and 2015. Patients’ perceptions that the physician explained their condition in ways they understood and the overall hospital rating improved significantly after implantation of the model ( P < .05). Patient-physician communication is important for high-quality health care and is becoming increasingly more important in hospital economics. These methods may serve as a protocol for other institutions to improve the patient experience.
Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lou Jiatao , Zhang LingFei , Lv Shaogang , Zhang Chenzi , Jiang Shuai
Published: February 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The HCC diagnosis is usually achieved by biomarkers, which can also help in prognosis prediction. Furthermore, it might represent certain therapeutic interventions through some combinations of biomarkers. Here, we review on our current understanding of HCC biomarkers.
RT-WABest: A novel end-to-end bandwidth estimation tool in IEEE 802.11 wireless network
Authors: Yang Tan , Jin Yuehui , Chen Yufei , Jin Yudong
Published: February 2017

In 802.11 wireless network, a large number of multimedia applications are emerging. Accurate end-to-end bandwidth estimation techniques can help these applications adjust their behavior accordingly, such as stream’s bitrate adaptation, to improve quality of service. However, most current bandwidth estimation techniques are designed for wired networks that have high intrusiveness and consume long convergence time, which cannot be applied in resource-limited wireless network. In this article, we present a novel bandwidth estimation tool for IEEE 802.11 wireless network, which only needs to be deployed in one end of the end-to-end path and estimate available bandwidth based on round-trip-time measurements with low intrusiveness and short convergence time. We compare our tool with another state-of-the-art tool on an IEEE 802.11 wireless testbed, and the experimental results show that our tool has higher accuracy.
Integrated geologic and geophysical interpretation of the Buraco da Velha copper deposit (Rondônia, Brazil): A basis for exploring in related environments
Authors: Abud Louro Vinicius Hector , Maria Mantovani Marta Silvia , Ribeiro Vanessa Biondo
Published: February 2017

The Buraco da Velha copper deposit lies at the northern limit of the Parecis Basin in the Colorado Graben, Rondônia, Brazil. New geophysical data indicate the presence of a magnetic source below and to the north of the Buraco da Velha deposit, where it corresponds with high gamma-ray U, Th, and K counts. We have studied the source of the magnetic anomaly and delineated it through derivative transforms, Euler deconvolution, MaxiMin total magnetization direction analysis, staged inverse modeling, Th/K ratio, and radiometric ternary imaging. The magnetic anomaly is elongated in the east–west direction and measures [Formula: see text], and the top of the source is estimated to lie at depths mostly between 50 and 100 m. Based on the magnetic model, we indirectly estimate a Jurassic to Cretaceous age, which is compatible with the 180–80 Ma range dated for the copper mineralization. Gamma-ray data are consistent with the hydrothermal alteration in the sedimentary cover and with the presence of an intrusion in the subsurface. We suggest that the intrusion of the magnetic body generated the necessary thermal energy to mix an already oxidized brine and sulfide-bearing fluids at the border of the Parecis Basin, leading to copper deposition and providing a potential analog for similar environments of mineral deposits elsewhere, such as in the Kupferschiefer deposit (Poland) and the Zambia Copper Belt (Zambia).
Effect of addition of vitamin C in diluent medium for quality of dairy cow (Bos taurus) spermataozoa after thawing
Authors: Afiati Fifi , Lestari D.A. , Malini D.M.
Published: February 2017

The process of freezing and thawing of semen could lead spermatozoa death and low fertility for alive spermatozoa. This research was subjected to determine the optimum concentration of vitamin C in diluent media to improve the quality of non-sexing and sexing result of thawed dairy cattle (Bos taurus) spermatozoa. The method used was completely randomized design with 3x4 factorial consisting of spermatozoa isolation and vitamin C concentration. Spermatozoa isolation factors were non-sexing and sexing results (X and Y spermatozoa). Vitamin C concentrations factors were 0% (K); 0.25% (P1); 0.50% (P2) and 0.75% (P3). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test 95%. The optimum concentration of vitamin C in diluent media to improve the quality of non-sexing thawed dairy cattle (Bos taurus) spermatozoa was 0.25%. While the optimum concentration of vitamin C in diluent medium to improve quality of thawed dairy cattle (Bos taurus) spermatozoa both X and Y was 0.50%. Administration of vitamin C in diluent media could improve the quality of thawed non-sexed and sexed (X and Y spermatozoa) spermatozoa in dairy cattle (Bos taurus).
Kata Kunci: Spermatozoa, Bos taurus, Vitamin C, Sexing, Diluent, Thawing
Productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana under different canopy and soil acidity level in oil palm estate
Authors: Herdiawan Iwan
Published: February 2017

Oil palm estate area in Indonesia is generally located in a sub-optimal land that has great opportunity for the development of forage supply. This study aims were to determine productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana under various canopy level. This research used factorial randomized block design with 3 canopy levels (under 2, 5, and 7 year oil palm canopy) and 2 levels of soil acidity (neutral and acid soil) treatments, where each treatment was repeated 4 times. Parameters observed were production and nutrient content of Indigofera zollingeriana. Research results showed that there was no interaction between the canopy levels and soil acidity on the production of fresh leaves, stems/branches, biomass, and leaves/stem ratio of I. zollingeriana. Production of fresh leaves, stems, biomass, and leaves/branches ratio of I. zollingeriana significantly (P <0.01) decreased along with increase of canopy level. Soil acidity significantly (P <0.05) decreased production of fresh leaves, stems, biomass, and leaves/branches ratio. Level of canopy treatment significantly (P <0.05) increased content of crude protein, crude fiber and energy, otherwise value of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and organic matter digestibilyity (IVOMD) were decrease. Soil acidity significantly (P <0.05) decreased calcium content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of I. zollingeriana.
Biocatalysis in continuous-flow mode: A case-study in the enzymatic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols via acylation and deacylation reactions mediated by Novozym 435®
Authors: Thomas Juliana Christina , Burich Martha Daniela , Bandeira Pamela Taisline , Marques de Oliveira Alfredo Ricardo , Piovan Leandro
Published: February 2017

Enzymatic kinetic resolution reactions are a well-established way to achieve optically active compounds. When enzymatic reactions are combined to continuous-flow methodologies, other benefits are added, including reproducibility, optimized energy use, minimized waste generation, among others. In this context, we herein report a case study involving lipase-mediated transesterification by acylation and deacylation reactions of secondary alcohols/esters in batch and continuous-flow modes. Acylation reactions were performed with high values of enantiomeric excess (72 up to >99%) and enantioselectivity (E > 200) for both batch and continuous-flow modes. On the other hand, for deacylation reactions using n-butanol as nucleophile, enatiomeric excess ranged between 38 to >99% and E from 6 to >200 were observed for batch mode. For deacylation reactions in continuous-flow mode, results were disappointing, as in some cases, very low or no conversion was observed. Enantiomeric excess ranged from 16 to >99% and enantioselectivity from 5 to >200 were observed. In terms of productivity, continuous-flow mode reactions were superior in both strategies (acylation: r from 1.1 up to 18.1-fold higher, deacylation: 2.8 up to 7.4- fold higher in continuous-flow than in batch mode).
Diabetic ketoacidosis: a challenging diabetes phenotype
Authors: Small Cliona , Egan Aoife M , Elhadi El Muntasir , O’Reilly Michael W , Cunningham Aine , Finucane Francis M
Published: February 2017

We describe three patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to ketosis prone type 2, rather than type 1 diabetes. All patients were treated according to a standard DKA protocol, but were subsequently able to come off insulin therapy while maintaining good glycaemic control. Ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPD) presenting with DKA has not been described previously in Irish patients. The absence of islet autoimmunity and evidence of endogenous beta cell function after resolution of DKA are well-established markers of KPD, but are not readily available in the acute setting. Although not emphasised in any current guidelines, we have found that a strong family history of type 2 diabetes and the presence of cutaneous markers of insulin resistance are strongly suggestive of KPD. These could be emphasised in future clinical practice guidelines.

Learning points:

Even in white patients, DKA is not synonymous with type 1 diabetes and autoimmune beta cell failure. KPD needs to be considered in all patients presenting with DKA, even though it will not influence their initial treatment.

Aside from markers of endogenous beta cell function and islet autoimmunity, which in any case are unlikely to be immediately available to clinicians, consideration of family history of type 2 diabetes and cutaneous markers of insulin resistance might help to identify those with KPD and are more readily apparent in the acute setting, though not emphasised in guidelines.

Consideration of KPD should never alter the management of the acute severe metabolic derangement of DKA, and phasing out of insulin therapy requires frequent attendance and meticulous and cautious surveillance by a team of experienced diabetes care providers.
Applicability of fetal thoracic aortic diameter measurement in the prediction of birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows — Short communication
Authors: Vincze Boglárka , Gáspárdy András , Kovács Levente , Albert Ervin , Kézér Luca , Baska Ferenc , Szenci Ottó
Published: February 2017

Transabdominal ultrasonography has been shown to be a useful and reliable method for assessing fetal well-being in horses and cattle. To test the applicability of fetal aortic diameter measurement in cattle, 44 late-term pregnant cows and heifers were examined 21 to 0 days prior to calving. Mean fetal aortic diameter was 2.07 ± 0.14 cm and mean fetal heart rate (FHR) was 109 ± 17 bpm. Three dead calves were dissected and their aortic diameter was measured in a water bath. The mean birth weight (n = 44) was 39.9 ± 5.8 kg. There was a significant negative correlation between FHR and fetal aortic diameter. However, although some studies have shown that fetal aortic diameter strongly correlates with birth weight in near-term horses and cattle, in this study there was no correlation between fetal aortic diameter and birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers irrespective of whether the fetus was born alive or dead.
Seasonally biased or single-habitat sampling is not informative on the real prevalence of Dermacentor reticulatus-borne rickettsiae — A pilot study
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Meli Marina L. , Gönczi Enikő , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina
Published: February 2017

Dermacentor reticulatus is a tick species of high medical and veterinary importance, emerging in several parts of Europe. Up to now most studies focusing on zoonotic rickettsiae in D. reticulatus were based on ticks collected in a limited part of the questing period, and did not take into account the potential seasonal variations in the rate of infection with tick-borne rickettsiae. The aim of the present study was to investigate the latter phenomenon, i.e. to screen D. reticulatus adults, collected monthly in two urban habitats of Budapest, for the presence of three zoonotic Rickettsia spp. Altogether 852 D. reticulatus adults were collected, which showed significantly similar seasonal activity in the two evaluated habitats. Among the 413 molecularly analysed ticks, R. helvetica-infected D. reticulatus were only collected during autumn in habitat-1, in contrast to habitat-2. The overall prevalence of R. raoultii in D. reticulatus adults was significantly higher in habitat-1 than in habitat-2. In addition, the seasonal distribution of R. raoultii-infected ticks was different between the two habitats (in habitat-2 significantly more R. raoultii-infected ticks were collected in the autumn, in comparison with winter and spring). Rickettsia slovaca was not detected in any of the molecularly analysed ticks. The results clearly indicate that a single-time or seasonally biased collection of D. reticulatus adults and their subsequent molecular analysis may not be informative on the real prevalence of rickettsiae. This is because the availability/ activity of infected ticks shows significant seasonal fluctuations, both within and between habitats. Instead, for screening D. reticulatus-borne rickettsiae, it is important to collect monthly samples and then to assess seasonal prevalence and actual habitat-associated eco-epidemiological risks.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK MASSA AIR PERAIRAN TELUK TOMINI
Authors: Suwarso Suwarso , Herlisman Herlisman , Wudianto Wudianto
Published: February 2017

Teluk Tomini adalah perairan laut dalam dan bersifat semi tertutup, msmiliki sumber daya ikan cukup besar yang dikelola oleh beberapa wilayah.
Bond performance of ribbed steel reinforcing bars in vibrated and self-compacting concrete
Authors: Siempu Rakesh , Pancharthi Rathish K.
Published: February 2017

The bond between steel reinforcing bars and concrete plays a vital role in the effective performance of reinforced concrete as a composite member. Failure of this bond can lead to catastrophic structural failure of buildings and infrastructure. Factors influencing the steel–concrete bond include concrete strength, bar properties such as embedment length, ribs and diameter, and confinement in concrete. This paper reports on an experimental study to evaluate the bond performance of ribbed reinforcing bars in self-compacting concrete and to compare it with that in normal vibrated concrete. Different characteristic concrete strengths (20, 40 and 60 MPa), bar diameters (12 mm and 16 mm) and embedment lengths (2·5 and 5 times bar diameter and full depth of specimen) were used. The bond strength measurements were based on direct pull-out tests in accordance with IS 2770-1 and a comparison was made with the test procedure specified by Rilem TC 9-RC. The experimental bond stress values obtained were compared with those obtained from various models available in the literature. An analytical model was then proposed to predict the bond strength of ribbed reinforcing bars in both vibrated and self-compacting concretes.
Analysis of Barriers to Wide Spread Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Shenzhen China
Authors: Wang Faping , Yu Jiali , Yang Peng , Miao Lixin , Ye Bin
Published: February 2017

China planned to promote the large-scale adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the thirteenth five-year plan, however, this target faces many obstacles. This paper was trying to analyze the main barriers to widespread adoption of EVs through a survey in Shenzhen, which has the biggest EVs market share in China major cities. Based on previous scholarly findings, this paper conducted a new study which collected 406 approved questionnaires among 500 participants. The study proposed five hypotheses to examine the main barriers to widespread adoption of EVs. The analysis conducted by statistical methods: two-way frequency tables, chi-square test, and factor analysis. The results noted that perception of EVs advantages and recharging access remained the main barriers to EVs large-scale penetration. Besides, financial incentives drop would not cause a significant decline of EVs adoption in future. The study proposed suggestions to carmaker and government policy administrator on the analysis and discussion.
Analysis of contextual teaching and learning (CTL) in the course of applied physics at the mining engineering department
Authors: Fadhilah Fadhilah , Effendi Z. Mawardi , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: February 2017

Applied Physics is used to comprehend any other technical engineering studies and as the foundation of technology innovation. As one of the curriculum components in helping the students to be competent in certain skills, it is used to develop intellectual, attitude, interest, skill and creativity. Physics is a course containing materials in form of fact, concept, principle and procedure. The method used in this research was literature studies and observation. The purpose of the research was to analyze whether the seven CTL principles are needed in Applied Physics or it can be simplified. The seven principle used in Indonesia are constructivism, inquiry, questioning, learning community, modelling, reflection and authentic assessment. Having conducting literature studies, especially for Applied Physics, inquiry can be applied along with questioning. Modelling is not the priority because Applied Physics does not need the real model, but only needs an example for Mining Engineering. Meanwhile, reflection has been accommodated in every learning step. Conclusively, constructivism, inquiry and questioning, learning community and authentic assessment are the steps needed during the learning of Applied Physics using CTL approach.
The elementary school teachers’ ability in adding and subtracting fraction, and interpreting and computing multiplication and division fraction
Authors: Julie Hongki
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to describe the elementary school teachers’ mathematical skills on the numbers, especially fractions after they have participated in a workshop. The teachers’ abilities which would be described by the researcher in this study were the ability to interpret, to order, to add and subtract, to interpret the meaning of the multiplication and division, to multiply and divide, and to make problems about fractions. In this paper, the author just only would describe the teachers’ mathematical skills in adding and subtracting two fractions, interpreting the multiplication and division of two fractions, multiplying and dividing two fractions. This capability was described base on the results of a test given to teachers after they have attended the workshop. Research subjects in this study were 17 Kanisius Demangan elementary school teachers at Yogyakarta. Of the 17 teachers, 16 teachers could add and subtract two fractions. Six teachers of 17 teachers could interpret what was the meaning of multiplication of two fractions. One teacher could interpret what was the meaning of division of two fractions. All of the teachers could divide two fractions. Sixteen teachers of 17 teachers could multiply two fractions.
Dinamika Kelompok Peternak Sapi Potong Binaan Universitas Gadjah Mada di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Andarwati Siti , Guntoro Budi , Haryadi F. Trisakti , Sulastri Endang
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of cattle farmer groups assisted by Universitas Gadjah Mada (Faculty of Animal Science) in Yogyakarta Province. The total number of respondents were 77 farmers of cattle farmer groups. The tool used was a questionnaire that has proven validity and reliability. This study was conducted by survey method through the stages of preparation and execution. In the preparation phase carried out the determination of groups and cattle farmer samples using pusposive random sampling. The results showed that the dynamics of cattle farmer groups assisted by Universitas Gadjah Mada in Yogyakarta Province included in the high category. The highest group dynamics was Ngudi Barokah Group in Kulonprogo (equal to 82.48%), followed by the Sido Kumpul Group in Bantul (81.92%), then Bayu Andini Group in Sleman (77.22%), and Lembu Lestari Group in Gunungkidul (73.02%). Constituent elements of the group dynamics of goals, group structure, function assignments, development, cohesiveness, atmosphere and effectiveness of the group had a high level, while the group pressure was ini medium level.
Ukuran Tubuh Entok di Tiga Kabupaten Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Fatmarischa N. , Sutopo Sutopo , Johari S.
Published: February 2017

The study was conducted to identify the body measurements of Muscovy duck among three
regency (Pekalongan, Magelang dan Demak) in Central Java. Material of the experiment was 210 muscovy ducks at 7 months of age (70 birds/regency, 35 males and 35 females). Parameters observed were body weight, bill length, bill width, head length, head circumference, high head, neck length, neck circumference, wing length, body length, breast circumference, body height, breast length, femur length, tibia length, tibia circumference, maxilla length, and length of third toe. Data of body measurement were analyzed through univariate and multivariate using SAS.Whereas the Mahalanobis distance were analyzed using MEGA 5 (UPGMA) to construct the phylogeny tree. Result showed that there were some differences (P<0,05) between male and female of muscovy duck in each regency at all variables. Wing length and breast circumference were the distinguishing variable between regencys. Muscovy duck from Magelang had a closer genetic distance to Pekalongan than Demak.
Keywords: body measurement, muscovy duck
Pengaruh Penambahan Gula Kelapa Pasta pada Ensilase Ikan Rucah Terhadap Kualitas Silase
Authors: Rimbawanto Efka Aris , Yusiati Lies Mira , Baliarti Endang , Utomo Ristianto
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of coconut sugar paste in naturally fermented trash fish ensilage on chemical change. Grinded trash fish (Pomadasys macullatus) was mixed with coconut sugar paste (0, 15, 30 and 45%/kg fresh trash fish) without inoculation in plastic bag. Anaerobe incubation was conducted at room temperature (29°±1°C). Chemical change (pH, lactic acid, ammonia, non-protein nitrogen, peroxide value and free fatty acid) was observed during fermentation period of 0, 4, 8, 12, 20 and 24 days. The experiment which had a completely randomized design to select the best amount of coconut sugar paste and fermentation period in trash fish ensilage. Fresh trash fish and fermentation product (trash fish silage) determined by the proximate analysis (dry matter, ash, crude protein and crude fat). Result indicated that the pH decreased remained constan at 4,4 after 16-day fermentation. Lactic acid, ammonia, non-protein nitrogen, peroxide value and free fatty acid during fermentation significantly increased due to different levels of coconut sugar paste and fe rmentation period. Conclusively, coconut sugar paste at the level of 15%/kg fresh trash fish was the best combination in natural fermentation with 16-day fermentation period and the product was potential protein source (45% DM) for animal feed.

 

Key word: Trash fish, coconut sugar paste, silage, fermentation.
Perbaikan Nilai Nutrisi Jerami Padi Melalui Suplementasi Tepung Daun Lamtoro pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole Jantan
Authors: Widyawati S D
Published: February 2017

Since rice straw is seasonal and low quality roughage, a supplementation for it is needed. Lamtoro leave meal (LLM), having both soluble and by-pass protein so, its enough potential to supply nutrients for optimize of rumen microbes and improving animal performance. When fed to animals with high portion of roughage can affect methane production highly, an adding reduction methane agent for it is needed, like ketepeng leave meal (KLM) and lemuru fish oil (LFO). Supplementation with LLM significantly increased dry matter and crude fiber intake (p<0.05). This fact showed that LLM supplementation optimized rumen fermentation by microbes. Comparison
between LLM-KLM and LLM-LFO to basal diet clearly showed that basal diet is the lowest (p<0.01) performance (0.19 vs 0.21; 0.23kg/h/d), however, the animal fed basal diet degraded crude fiber was significant (p<0.05) higher (74.49 vs 69.02; 65.17%). It is apparent from this experiment that supllementation with lamtoro leave meal by adding both ketepeng leave meal and lemuru fish oil as a reduction methane agent are palatable, fermentable and reasonably digestible. It is recommended to use rice straw as a supplement.
Key words : Lamtoro, digestibility, performance, PO beef cattle, ketepeng and lemuru fish oil
COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Authors: - Sudarmo
Published: February 2017

The Al-Munawaroh Muslim is an Islamic communitygrowing in Gilingan urban area of Surakarta City. Most members of this association and many people living around the area were living in poverty. This situation was perceived as a common problem and challenge for the community to resolve it. The aim of this study is to discuss critically the contemporary evident on community governance in Surakarta in line with the Indonesian Constitution of 1945, the Law 13/2011, and the Presidential Decree 166/2014 and that of 96/2015. One case study of the religion-based association namely the Al Munawaroh Muslim of Surakarta has been examined with regard to the networks created by the community in delivering community governance. By using ethnographic method, this research showed that the community had capacity to govern common problem despite its limited capacity; it has capacity to provide sustainable public service for the poor because its leaders, advisers and experienced members were together able to create social capital including internal networks among its members and external networks with
because of different interests and preferences among them in managing the resource they belong, and some membersof the communitywere to be self-interest resulting in distrust among the majority of the members to them. Although the community had a capacity of governance by providing public service for
state role in alleviating poverty.
Keywords: community governance, social capital, internal networks, horizontal networks, vertical networks.