bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUSANA MUSLIMAH DAN DINAMIKANYA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rohmawati Hanung Sito
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Muslimah fashion has become a tren and debate in Muslim society. Amid its growing popularity, some Muslims consider jilbab is the Muslimah fashion in accordance with Islamic sharia. Some other Muslims consider jilbab is only  an Arab tradition and a cultural issue so that this group considers women not required to wear jilbab. The author focuses on the concept of Muslim fashion, the history of Muslimah dress, the pros and cons of Muslimah fashion and the phenomenon of Muslimah fashion in Indonesia. This research shows that Muslimah fashion in it varieties is a symbol of religiosity for its users. The use of Muslimah clothing is interpreted as one of the observances of Muslim women in practicing their religion, covering their “aurat.” Key Words: Muslimah Clothes, Headscarves, Prohibitions and Coercion in Muslimah ClothingAbstrak: Tren berbusana muslimah merupakan salah satu fenomena dalam masyarakat Muslim. Sebagian muslim menganggap berbusana muslimah harus sesuai syari’at Islam. Sebagian muslim yang lain menganggap persoalan busana muslimah hanyalah tradisi Arab dan merupakan persoalan budaya sehingga kelompok ini menggap wanita tidak wajib mengenakan busana muslimah. Atas dasar inilah penulis tertarik untuk meneliti tentang konsep busana muslimah, sejarah busana muslimah, pro-kontra busana muslimah dan Fenomena busana muslimah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa busana muslimah merupakan simbol religiusitas bagi penggunanya. Penggunaan busana muslimah dimaknai sebagai salah satu ketaatan muslimah dalam menjalankan agamanya, menutup aurat. Kata Kunci: Busana Muslimah, jilbab, larangan dan paksaan berbusana muslimah
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN P3B INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA MITRA: TINJAUAN TERHADAP PASAL SUBSTANTIF
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi
Published: December 2021

Jenis penghasilan yang mendapatkan  perhatian inetnsitas tinggi dari para wajib pajak adalah business income profit serta interest. Sedang   jenis penghasilan berupa royalti (royalty) dan dividen (dividend) mendapatkan perhatian sedang dalam level atas setelah kategori jenis penghasilan berupa business profit dan interest. Pasal-pasal terkait businees profit, bunga, dividen dan royalty harus mendapatkan perhatian lebih bagi delegasi Indonesia. Pasal-pasal tersebut perlu mendapat pehatian khusus saat melakukan negosiasi terhadap calon negara mitra maupun renegosiasi dengan mintra P3B.
Company top-managers’ ideologies as a mental protection from environmental uncertainty
Authors:   Institute of Applied Psychology, Vlasov Petro , Kiseleva Anna ,   Institute of Applied Psychology
Published: December 2021

Introduction. At the beginning, entrepreneur creates his own concept of organization – value-cognitive-actional pattern, which is socialized, coming into conflict with CEOs’ individual interests. For this purpose, they use various distortion styles of organizational reality in their interpretations of values, cognitions and actions, thereby destroying organizational productivity. Aim. We have aim to explore wide-spread distortion styles in interpretations of organizational reality (CEO). We obtained 95 organizational self-descriptions of companies (from 50-1500 individuals) and classified them (key topics, actors, intention). Then we discovered interpretation styles and have grouped them according to a specially developed hierarchical model of organizational self-descriptions on several levels (formal: procedures and rules of behavior; content (statics: objects, agents and their attributes; dynamics: processes, algorithms and technologies); sense-logical: purposes, causes, values and beliefs). Results. We identified the following distortion styles of the entrepreneur’s value- cognitive-actional pattern: procedural (formal) - formal following of rules, norms, and instructions; personnel follow formal rules. Authoritarian (static) – the power of guarantor, authority and enactor of rules; personnel are obedient and loyal; participative (dynamic) – interaction, rules and hierarchies are the result of negotiations; the head of organization is a moderator; personnel are a part in negotiations. Conclusions. Destructive distortion styles lead organizations to: moral disengagement – avoidance of values in relationships, decisions and actions; guilt instead of responsibility – feeling guilt or self-justification; narrow-mindedness – insisting on one’s own vision and ignoring feedback.
Factors in university teaching staff perfectionism
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Grubi Tamara
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The attention to the study of perfectionism in universities in Ukraine can be explained with modernization and development of Ukrainian higher education, as an access to the European educational research environment. The interest to the perfectionism in teaching staff of university can be explained by new requirements for professional activity and these factors demand from a teacher of higher school can be an achievement of new standards, obtaining successfully by focusing on avoiding failures. The study is conducted within the pedagogy field. Aim. In this article, the author identifies and analyzes the impact of social-demographic factors (such as age, gender, place of residence), organizational and professional factors (such as job experience, academic degree, post, direction of teaching activity, number of students, university status, level of social-psychological climate etc.) on the manifestations of perfectionism. Results. The four manifestations of perfectionism, which are: Absence of perfectionism (where normal and pathological perfectionism are represented at a low level); Perfectionism with negative orientation (consists of the respondents with pathological type of perfectionism); Ambivalent perfectionism (included the respondents in which the pathological and normal types of perfectionism are equally highly represented); Perfectionism with positive orientation (consists of the respondents with manifestations of normal type of perfectionism). Conclusions. The findings of this investigation show the impact of social-demographic, organizational and professional factors on the manifestations of perfectionism.
The model of psychotherapeutic assistance to mental health specialists to develop resilience
Authors:   G. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of the NAES of Ukraine, Lazos Gelena
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Today’s crisis and stress conditions increase the number of cases of PTSD diagnosis and associated symptoms. Since mental health specialists are key workers in providing assistance in this context, they are now experiencing more intense mental work load than ever before. The personal characteristics of specialists and the occupational risks associated with empathic contact with patients who have experienced a traumatic event pose a certain danger to specialists and require special research attention. In this context, the need to prepare appropriate protocols, psychotechnologies and models of psychotherapeutic work to restore and develop resilience is highlighted. Aim. The purpose of the article is to describe the main standpoints of the created psychotechnology of the development of resilience of mental health specialists and operationalization of its practical part, namely a model of psychotherapeutic assistance to mental health specialists for the development of resilience. Results. The created psychotechnology for the development of resilience of mental health specialists contains developed theoretical, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic stages. The psychotherapeutic stage of psychotechnology of resilience of mental health specialists is created taking into account specific intervention strategies, principles of process organization and means (methods and techniques) that ensure the process of resilience development and is presented as a model of psychotherapeutic assistance to mental health specialists to develop resilience. The operationalization of the model allowed one to form the following scheme of strategic direction of psychotherapeutic assistance: resource vector <=> in-depth vector => behavioral vector. Each vector is provided with appropriate methods and techniques that help solve the problem of resilience development, as well as improve post-traumatic growth. Conclusions. The model of psychotherapeutic work for the development of resilience of mental health specialists, based on an integrative approach using multimodal interventions, is proposed. The initial approbation of the model allowed to determine the scheme of strategic direction of psychotherapeutic interventions, «portrait of a resilient specialist», as well as important aspects for its further improvement.
The structure of studentsʼ subjective well-being
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Savchenko Olena , Kaliuk Oleksandra ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Subjective well-being is one of the indicators of success and a basis of person`s socio-psychological adjustment to uncertain situations and unstable social relations. The complexity of this phenomenon requires clarifying its structure. Aim. To determine the structure of studentsʼ subjective well-being. Methods. Cognitive Features of Subjective Well-Being (KOSB-4) (O. Kaliuk, O. Savchenko), Subjective Well-Being Scale (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G. Mendelsohn, J. Chiche, adapted by M. Sokolova), Life Satisfaction Index A, LSIA (B.L. Neugarten, adapted by N. Panina), Arousability and Optimism Scale, AOS (I.S. Schuller, A.L. Comunian, adapted by N. Vodopyanova). The methodological basis is a structural-functional approach. Factor and correlation analyses were done using «STATISTICA 10.0». Results. Empirical verification of the author's model of subjective well-being revealed the existence of three independent components in its structure (cognitive-behavioral, emotional, and contrasting). Conclusions. Students’ cognitive and behavioral aspects of well-being are not separated, they form a single factor. There is a polarity in well-being in the form of positive and negative factors.
The salutogenic basis of an individual’s mental health and psychological well-being
Authors:   G. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of the NAES of Ukraine, Serdiuk Liudmyla , Otenko Svitlana ,   Open International University of Human Development Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The stressfulness of modern society necessitates studying the factors in human positive functioning. As the practice of such research shows, the leading role in advancing toward an individual’s high-quality life belongs actually to his/her psychological resources, in particular his/her salutogenic orientation as a resource helping a personality remain stable in various circumstances of life. Aim. To identify salutogenic factors in an individual’s psychological well-being. Methods. J. Crumbaugh, L. Maholic’s Purpose-in-Life-Test; Maddi`s Hardiness Survey; the test-questionnaire of self-attitude proposed by V. Stolin, S. Pantileev; C. Riff’s model of psychological well-being; Wiesbaden Inventory (WIPPF) developed by N. Peseschkian and X. Deidenbach; R. Lazarus and S. Folkman method examining coping strategies of (the General Causality Orientation Scale of E. Deci, R. Ryan; A. Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence scales. Results. Psychological resources maintaining and strengthening health and tolerance to stress, maintaining and developing personal opportunities are associated with the presence and awareness of life goals, positive self-acceptance, positive relationships with others and the ability to influence life events. An individual’s salutogenic orientation is based on a humanistic worldview, which is a sign of personal maturity, and such personal abilities as hope, love, trust, justice, politeness and others that are behavioural norms and ensure personal freedom and responsibility. Conclusions. From the standpoint of the salutogenic approach, human psychological health is considered as a state characterized by a certain position in the continuum between mental disorder and psychological well-being. An individual’s salutogenic orientation is the psychological basis for achieving the positive functioning states – psychological hardiness, life satisfaction and psychological well-being.
ALTERNATIF PENILAIAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN PASCA PANDEMI COVID – 19 PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Diah Eka
Published: December 2021

Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process that is actively able to make students develop their potential. Education is expected to be able to create students who have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, and noble character. These skills are not only needed for themselves, but also useful for the people of the nation and state. Efforts that can be made to ascertain whether an educational goal has been achieved is by conducting an evaluation. This evaluation is carried out to determine whether a program is feasible. In addition, evaluation is intended to control, guarantee, and determine the quality of education related to the sharing of educational components. Evaluation is carried out at all levels and types of education in order to be accountable to students related to the implementation of education that has been carried out by an educational institution. Thus, between teaching and learning activities and evaluation is a continuous series and cannot be separated. This is because evaluation is used as a useful measuring tool to determine and determine the level of success of students in learning activities.
Chương 6 chiến lược định giá sản phẩm (pricing strategies)
Authors: Tung Dao Duy
Published: December 2021

explored the three main pricing strategies and the several internal and external factors that affect a firm’s pricing decisions.
Examining the role of Donald Trump and his supporters in the 2021 assault on the U.S. Capitol: A dual-agency model of identity leadership and engaged followership
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander , Reicher Stephen , Selvanathan Hema Preya , Gaffney Amber , Steffens Niklas K , Packer Dominic , Van Bavel Jay Joseph , Ntontis Evangelos , Neville Fergus , Vestergren Sara , Jurstakova Klara , Platow Michael J.
Published: December 2021

This article develops a dual-agency model of leadership which treats collective phenomena as a co-production involving both leaders and followers who identify with the same social group. The model integrates work on identity leadership and engaged followership derived from the social identity approach in social psychology. In contrast to binary models which view either leaders or followers as having agency, our model argues that leaders gain influence by defining parameters of action in ways that frame the agency of their followers but leave space for creativity in how collective goals are accomplished. Followers in turn, exhibit their loyalty and attachment to the leader by striving to be effective in advancing these goals, thereby empowering and giving agency to the leader. We illustrate the model primarily through the events of 6th January 2021 when Donald Trump’s exhortations to his supporters that they should ‘fight’ to ‘stop the steal’ of the 2020 election was followed by an attack on the United States’ Capitol. We argue that it is Trump’s willing participation in this mutual process of identity enactment, rather than any instructions contained in his speech, that should be the basis for assessing his influence on, and responsibility for, the assault.
The Prison Media Complex: Labour, Technology and Communication Infrastructures in the Prison System
Authors: Stiernstedt Fredrik , Kaun Anne
Published: December 2021

Prisons are a recurring topic and backdrop in the popular culture of the Global North. They often serve as spectacular environments that seem far removed from most people’s everyday lives. This article develops the notion of the prison media complex and discusses material entanglements between prisons and private media industries via the production of media technologies, consumption of communication, and technology development in the prison sector. The article seeks to answer the question of how we can conceptualise the prison media complex (PMC) from a materialist perspective. Taking the Swedish context as a starting point, we analyse the economic and material connections that characterise the PMC in this national context. Drawing on archival data, participant observations at prison technology tradeshows and a prison sector conference, as well as freedom of information requests, we bring nuance to the picture of media and communication technologies, as technologies of freedom are also based on unfreedom and captivity.
تقدير وتحليل إنتاجية البنوك التجارية في اليمن: دراسة قياسية
Authors:   قسم العلوم والمصرفية / جامعة أب/ اليمن, صالح مشبب أد. مشارك غالب , احمد حنوم أ.د مشارك عيسى
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to estimate and analyze the productivity of a sample of commercial banks in Yemen, and the technical relationship and its substitution between the inputs on the one hand, and between them and the outputs on the other hand, with an indication of the efficiency of these banks, where the focus was placed on the two production functions with fixed substitution elasticity by approximating a potential, and a function Cobb-Duclas production based on balanced cross-sectional time-series data during the period (2000-2014); The number of views of the study was 90 views. The results of the study showed that the production function (Cobb-Duclas) is the most appropriate in estimating and explaining the behavior of the production process of the commercial banks in the study sample. and that the productive share of the capital component is greater than that of the labor component. Finally, the results showed that it is possible to replace and exchange between production elements.
أثر التكنولوجيا المالية على القطاع المصرفي في العراق (فرصة ام تهديد؟)
Authors: ماجد عبد شهد , علي حسين أ.م.د عبدالرسول
Published: December 2021

This research talks about the financial technology that has recently begun to appear in the financial sector around the world, and which promises that it will either be the most important competitor to this sector, or the best available way for it to develop. This research talks about the impact of that technology on the Iraqi banking sector in terms of being an opportunity or a threat to it. The problem that this research addresses is: Is the adoption of financial technology, despite its risks, by the Iraqi banking sector will benefit it? Or will those risks be predominant in the end? It stems from the premise that financial technology is one of the most important opportunities available to the Iraqi banking sector. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that financial technology is indeed an opportunity that is not a threat to the Iraqi banking sector (at least for now), but rather it is one of the most important opportunities available to it, so it must follow an offensive remedial strategy by the banking sector using its strengths that Including high levels of security and confidence, which creates the appropriate environment to exploit its opportunities.
Decreased Heart Rate Variability in COVID-19
Authors: Xu Lei , Yin Chengfen , Li Jianguo , Wang Zhiyong , Zhi Yongle , Xu Lei
Published: December 2021

On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak had become a pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily infects the lower airways and binds to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) on alveolar epithelial cells. ACE2 is widely expressed, not only in the lungs but also in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 can also damage the myocardium. We analysed three COVID-19 cases that resulted in death and found that either COVID-19 or antiviral drugs could affect the coupling between the autonomic nervous system and the sinus node, thus affecting heart rate variability and preventing the heart rate from rising in response to the increase in body temperature. Early detection of the preclinical phase of cardiac autonomic dysfunction may help determine patients in need of aggressive treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors. Antiviral drugs should be used with caution in patients with heart injury.
Assessment of the Balance and Dizziness Objectification in Patients with Vestibular Bilous Headache
Authors:   Smolensk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Illarionova E.M. ,   Smolensk, Russian Federation, Gribova N.P. ,   Smolensk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Smolensk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Study Objective: To study the balance in patients with vestibular bilious headache (BH) and possible use of a special comprehensive stabilometrical program for dizziness objectification in them. Study Design: open comparative study. Materials and Methods. The study included 188 patients. Group 1 were 94 patients with confirmed BH (according to the International Headache Classification). Group 2 were 94 patients with common migraine. The stabilometrical control group included 94 healthy subjects. The balance and dizziness objectification were assessed using a special comprehensive method comprising a set of stabilometrical tests. Study Results. The most marked changes in stabilometrical parameters were recorded in patients with BH. Primary frequency spectra of these patients were in a range of 0.3 Hz and above 2 Hz, showing the dysfunction of the postural system and vestibular component in particular. The rate of pressure centre deviation and statokinesigram area were increased in the patients from group 2 vs controls; however, statistically significant differences were noted only in opticokinetic test, sensory and vestibular, and closed-eye tandem results. Comparison of the two clinical groups demonstrates significant differences in basic stabilometrical parameters of all challenge tests. Visual control exclusion as well as substandard visual stimulation had significant impact on changes in the analysed parameters. Conclusion. The use of special stabilometrical tests (opticokinetic stimulation, sensory and vestibular and tandem tests) described in this article allows assessing the balance, quantifying vestibular dysfunction in patients with BH, and objectifying dizziness. Keywords: dizziness, balance, vestibular migraine, computer-aided stabilometry.
Prevalence of Depressive Syndromes in Patients with Chronic Lumbosacral Radiculopathy
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow, Borodulina I.V. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Study Objective: To study the prevalence of depressive syndromes in patients with chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy and pain syndrome, and to identify correlations between neuropathic pain and psychoemotional disturbances. Study Design: open perspective study. Materials and Methods. The study included 126 patients (45 (35.7%) males and 81 (64.3%) females) of 19 to 78 years old with verified unilateral lumbosacral radiculopathy of L4, L5, S1 radicules resulting from degenerative damage of the spine lasting for more than 12 weeks. For assessment, we used the Pain Detect Questionnaire, visual analogue scale for pain syndrome, Oswestry Disability Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. Study Results. Among patients with chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy, depressive syndromes were diagnosed in 74 (587%) cases as follows: 26 (20.6%) patients had mild (subclinical) depression, 33 (26.2%) cases were of moderate intensity, 12 (9.5%) patients had marked, and 3 (2.4%) had severe depression. We used Spearmen’s rank-order correlation to identify statistically significant correlations between Beck Depression Inventory score and neuropathic pain syndrome intensity (Pain Detect Questionnaire) (r = 0.861; p = 0.006). Pain Detect Questionnaire and Oswestry score correlated as well (r = 0.745; p = 0.001). Conclusion. Chronic pain syndrome in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy resulting from degenerative damage of the spine is characterised by high comorbidity with depression. The results justify inclusion of psychoemotional assessment into a routine screening program for patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy. Keywords: depression, chronic back pain, lumbosacral radiculopathy, neuropathic pain syndrome.
Modulation of Evoked Brain Responses to Biologically and Socially Important Stimuli in Women with Recurrent Depression
Authors:   Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology (a Federal Government-funded Scientific Institution), Russian Academy of Sciences, Mnatsakanyan E.V. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Kryukov V.V. ,   Moscow Psychiatric Research Institute, a branch of the V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology (a Federal Government-funded Institution) Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Krasnov V.N. ,   Moscow Psychiatric Research Institute, a branch of the V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology (a Federal Government-funded Institution) Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Study Objective: To study characteristic features of brain activity in women with recurrent depression (RD) using the tasks with emotional stimuli possessing biological or social importance. Study Design: Controlled randomized experimental trial. Materials and Methods. There were two groups: 42 patients with RD and 72 healthy women. Patients did not take medications before electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. The task was to differentiate between people and animals at 160 pictures: 80 pictures were neutral, and 80 pictures depicted angry/aggressive people or animals. Simple figures (clues) were demonstrated 2s before pictures, and no association was explained. A 128-channel EEG was recorded, and evoked brain reactions were analysed (0–700 ms from the clue). Differences between neutral and emotional pairs of conditions were determined (emotional modulation, EM). Study Results. Previous results for women with RD obtained in a larger sampling size and with a higher level of significance were confirmed. In healthy patients, EM was noted from 50 ms to 500 ms, whereas in patients with RD – from 130 ms to 700 ms for conditions where the clue was associated with neutral or ominous pictures of people. In clues with animals, EM was normally noted for components N170 and P200, while in patients with RD – for P200. Conclusion. Unconscious EM to socially important stimuli is preserved in RD, but it differs from the norm. Unconscious processing of emotional information associated with a biological threat causes lower component modulation. We observed a displacement of an “inert” EM towards posterior sections of the right hemisphere in women with RD. It can be assumed that such pattern demonstrates typical rigidity, an inclination to “stick” to unpleasant impressions; there are similar to pessimistic rumination. Keywords: emotional modulation, electroencephalogram, recurrent depression, visually evoked potentials.
Crises sanitaires et contributions industrielles à la recherche scientifique
Authors: Plantec Quentin , Sternberger Clément , Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoît
Published: December 2021

Dans les activités de recherche et développement, les organismes publics de recherche sont classiquement en charge des activités scientifiques tandis que les industriels assurent le développement. Mais en période de pandémie, les acteurs peuvent-ils dépasser ce clivage pour favoriser une sortie de crise plus efficiente ? Les auteurs analysent ici la place de l’industrie dans la recherche scientifique sur les coronavirus et explorent des outils de gestion qui favorisent la co-conception des savoirs.
Surgical management of thoracic myelopathy from long-segment epidural lipomatosis with skip hemilaminotomies: illustrative case
Authors: Neal Matthew T. , Patra Devi P. , Lyons Mark K.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Thoracic spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) involves the pathological overgrowth of histologically normal, unencapsulated adipose tissue that can compress the spinal cord and cause myelopathy. SEL has been associated with multiple medical conditions, including Scheuermann kyphosis (SK). Optimal treatment strategies for SEL, especially in the setting of a sagittal spinal deformity, remain unclear.

OBSERVATIONS

In this report, the authors discussed surgical management of a patient with thoracic SEL and SK using skip hemilaminotomies for resection of the epidural adipose tissue. To the authors’ knowledge, only one other report described a similar surgical technique in a patient who did not have a spinal deformity.

LESSONS

When conservative efforts fail, thoracic SEL may require surgical treatment. Surgical planning must account for co-medical conditions such as SK. The described approach involving skip laminotomies, which minimizes spine destabilization, is a viable option to treat SEL spanning multiple spinal segments. Prognosis after surgical treatment varies and is impacted by multiple factors, including severity of preoperative neurological deficits.
Цукровий діабет і COVID-19: сучасні погляди на патогенетичні питання клініки та терапії
Authors: Tsymbalyuk V.I. , Tronko M.D. , Antypkin Yu.G. , Popova V.V.
Published: December 2021

Пацієнти з цукровим діабетом (ЦД) знаходяться в центрі уваги з ранніх стадій пандемії COVID‑19, оскільки епідеміологічні дані показують, що вони схильні до підвищеного ризику важких клінічних наслідків. Водночас як глобальна пандемія COVID‑19 продовжує розвиватися, стає все більш очевидним, що зв’язок між COVID‑19 і ЦД є складною патофізіологічною взаємодією. Наслідки COVID‑19 важчі в пацієнтів із ЦД, який здатний прискорити виникнення гострих метаболічних ускладнень, таких як діабетичний кетоацидоз і гіперглікемія. Механізми, які лежать в основі цих зв’язків залишаються нез’ясованими, але вони, очевидно, включають рецептор ангіотензинперетворюючого ферменту 2 (АПФ2), сайт зв’язування для коронавірусу 2 важкого гострого респіраторного синдрому (SARS-CoV‑2), що експресується в ключових метаболічних органах, зокрема, у β-клітинах підшлункової залози (ПШЗ). Потенційно тропізм SARS-CoV‑2 до β-клітин може призвести до пошкодження клітин і порушення секреції інсуліну, викликаючи гіперглікемію і кетоацидоз. Розуміння двонапрямної взаємодії між ЦД і COVID‑19 буде мати вирішальне значення для профілактики та лікування пацієнтів із ЦД. Наявні епідеміологічні дані про COVID‑19 не підтверджують гіпотезу про те, що пацієнти з ЦД схильні до підвищеного ризику інфікування порівняно із загальною популяцією. На сьогодні встановлено, що декомпенсований ЦД є незалежним чинником, який обтяжує перебіг коронавірусної інфекції та вірогідно підвищує ризики фатального наслідку захворювання. В огляді представлена квінтесенція еволюції поглядів патогенетичних і клінічних аспектів розуміння механізмів цього патологічного тандему, а також терапевтичних стратегій лікування пацієнтів із COVID‑19 і ЦД. Оскільки захворюваність на ЦД продовжує зростати в усьому світі, наразі, більш ніж коли-небудь, профілактика ЦД та боротьба з ним повинні стати пріоритетом систем охорони здоров’я всіх країн світу.
Морфологічні зміни щитоподібної залози щурів після введення триптофану
Authors: Yanko R.V.
Published: December 2021

Попри добре вивчену роль триптофану в організмі, літературні дані відносно його впливу на морфофункціональний стан щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ) поодинокі й неоднозначні. Переважно досліджували концентрацію тиреоїдних гормонів у крові після введення триптофану. Водночас морфологічні зміни ЩЗ при його впливі залишаються мало дослідженими. Мета — дослідження морфологічних змін ЩЗ щурів після введення їм триптофану. Матеріал і методи. Дослідження проведено на 24 щурах-самцях лінії Wistar 3-місячного віку. Щури всіх груп перебували в уніфікованих умовах, на стандартному раціоні. Тварини дослідної групи щодня, протягом 28 діб, перорально отримували L-триптофан (Франція) в дозі 80 мг/кг. Підготовку тварин до експериментів та інвазивне втручання проводили згідно з принципами Гельсінської декларації. З центральних ділянок тканини ЩЗ виготовляли гістологічні препарати за стандартною методикою. З використанням цифрової камери мікропрепарати фотографували на мікроскопі «Nikon Eclipse E100» («Nikon Instruments Inc.», Японія). Морфометрію здійснювали за допомогою комп’ютерної програми «ImageJ». Статистичну обробку здійснювали методами варіаційної статистики. Результати. При гістологічному аналізі ЩЗ щурів, які отримували L-триптофан, виявлено, що залоза має незмінену фізіологічну структуру. Фолікули переважно овальної форми та різних розмірів. Колоїд у фолікулах помірної щільності та містить численні резорбційні вакуолі. Тиреоцити призматичної та кубічної форми. Виявлено зменшення площі фолікулів, колоїду, їх внутрішнього діаметра, зростання стереологічного індексу резорбції та фолікулярно-колоїдного індексу і зниження індексу накопичення колоїду. Також відмічено зниження відносної площі строми в залозі, стромально-паренхіматозного індексу, ширини прошарків міжчасткової, міжчасточкової та міжфолікулярної сполучної тканини. Висновки. Довготривале (протягом 28 діб) введення щурам L-триптофану в дозі 80 мг/кг призводить до появи морфологічних ознак активації ЩЗ.
Mechanisms for distribution of academic research and financing in scientific collectives
Authors: Klochkov Vladislav
Published: December 2021

Authors consider the mechanisms for the distribution of income and academic research withinresearch teams with a fixed total amount of funding and payments proportional to the publication activity of scientists. This situation is typical for the grant research projects and fundamental science organizations that use incentive bonuses for the effectiveness of scientific activities. It is shown that if team members act selfishly, maximizing their net income (minus the cost of writing scientific papers), their equilibrium net incomes are many times lower, and the total number of papers written by them is many times higher than in the case of a “cartel collusion”, when the team as a whole writes a certain minimum required number of articles. Mutually beneficial (in comparison with competitive equilibrium) distribution of the amount of work and payments between the participants of the “scientific cartel” can vary widely. It is alsoshown that the competitive mechanism leads to the “washing out” of research teams scientists with high opportunity costs of writing scientific papers, to an increased risk of unethical behavior of some scientists and, probably, to a decrease in the quality of papers to the detriment of their quantity.
Mathematical model of fixed assets’ joint use by the machine-building enterprises
Authors: Kolesnik Georgy
Published: December 2021

High competition in the markets of goods and services makes it urgent to improve the efficiencyof the use of production assets by the enterprises. One of the possible ways to solve the problem is joint use of the assets by different subjects. The use of this mechanism in the various branches grows rapidly in the last decade due to the opportunities for aggregation of supply and demand and automated contracting provided by the modern digital technologies. The basis for production asset management systems based on sharing is a mathematical model that allows determining the optimal modes of asset use in terms of their utilization, reducing the total cost of ownership and obtaining additional operating profit. This article considers a mathematical model of a multi-product spatially distributed production system that reflects the features of the activities of machine-building enterprises and assumes the possibility of joint use of their fixed assets. Economic and social criteria for the efficiency of fixed assets sharing are formulated in terms of maximizing the profit of enterprises, minimizing logistics and downtime costs. The optimal modes of joint use of the fixed assets concerning these criteria are investigated. It is shown that the joint use of fixed assets under the certain conditions can significantly improve the efficiency of the operating activities of enterprises.
«Alphabet wars» in the history and modernity of Slavic languages: sidenotes to the Artur Steplewski’s book
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ostapchuk Oxana
Published: December 2021

The article concerns problematics of the (re)interpretation of graphicsof graphics and the alphabet in national categories in the history of Serbian, Croatian, and Ukrainian literary languages through the prism of A. Stemplevsky's monograph «Semiosis of Script: monograph «Semiosis of Script: Cyrillic and latin alphapet in Serbian and Croatian national discourse on the Slavic background».The concept of nationalization is introduced to describe expanding of meaning due to ideological and cultural connotationswhile alphabets as a whole or their separate graphemes have been used in the symbolic function.The article highlights the issues of the parallel functioning of the Latin and Cyrillic alphabet in the history and modernity of Serbian and Croatian, as well as other Slavic languages, and the perception of this fact in the usus and national discourse.Special attention is paid to the measures of language policy and the efforts of representatives of national elites who influence the choice of the alphabet and/or the principles of spelling during standardization.
Why did they leave inscriptions about the "goat" on the walls of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev?
Authors:   State Academic University for Humanities, Drobysheva Maria
Published: December 2021

The paper studies seven Old Russian graffiti inscriptions made in the altar of the St. George's Chapel of the Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral (No 126, 127, 851, 854, 904, 927 and 1076a). They contain a call «to give my goat» or they report about a «goat». For graffiti № 927 a new version of the reading is given, аccording to which the inscription says about the matchmaking of a goat and a ram with the participation of a demon. For this entire series of graffiti, a comparison with the existing folklore and epigraphic material is presented. A conclusion is drawn about its marital and erotic semantics. A detailed extra-stratigraphic analysis of the inscriptions is presented, the result of which is the conclusion that it is necessary to date the entire graffiti complex by the sum of its features to the end of the 13th – beginning of the 14th centuries.
Erythrocyte Index Levels in Metal Smelters Based on Literature Studies
Authors: Syamputri Widhi Ulya
Published: December 2021

The metal smelting industry tends to have high air Pb levels exceeding the threshold determined by the CDC is 100 g/m3. The smelting dust particles are Pb and SO2 circulating in the air along with combustion fumes is very possible to be inhaled by metal smelters who do not wear proper personal protective equipment. High levels of Pb The air inhaled by metal smelters can affect the health level of workers, one of which is the disruption of the erythropoiesis process which can cause abnormal erythrocyte index levels. This study aims to determine the description of erythrocyte index levels in metal smelters based on literature studies. This research is an observational qualitative research through a literature review approach, with data collection methods that use secondary data from several related scientific journals. Secondary data analysis is descriptive and presented in tabular form. Based on the results of research from three related scientific journals, the average level of the erythrocyte index in metal smelting workers is normochromic normocytic with an average length of work of more than 3.89 years, workers who smoke as much as 78% and those who do not smoke as much as 22%, workers who using PPE as much as 56% and 44% who do not use PPE.
Results of the TCM Method of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Examination on Lung TB Suspects
Authors: Muhajir Muhajir
Published: December 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Determinants of pulmonary TB disease include gender, and age. The Rapid Molecular Test Method (TCM) is a breakthrough TB program for Drug Resistant TB patients. The TCM method takes two hours to get the patient's diagnosis. TCM method for diagnosing TB and resistance to rifampin quickly and accurately. Tidar Magelang Hospital is one of the referral places for TCM examinations from various health facilities. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of the TCM method of pulmonary TB examination on pulmonary TB suspects at Tidar Magelang Hospital. This type of research is descriptive. The research data is secondary data obtained from Tidar Hospital Magelang. Based on age, namely early adolescence, late adolescence, early adulthood, late adulthood, early elderly, late elderly, and seniors, the results were sensitive rif 0.76%, 11.45%, 9, 54%, 7.25%, 5.73%, 8.78% and 3.82%. Negative results 1.15%, 1.91%, 6.87%, 7.25%, 7.63%, 14.89% and 12.98%. The rif results were sensitive to 27.1% males and 20.23% females. Negative results in 31.3% men and 21.37% women. The most sensitive rif results are in Magelang, followed by Magelang City, then East Jakarta Municipality, Banjarnegara and Purworejo. Negative results were found in Magelang, followed by Magelang City, then Wonosobo and East Waringin City.
Microscopic Description of Mus Musculus Kidney Preparation Deparafinized with Olive Oil in Eosin (HE) Hematoxylin (HE) Staining
Authors: Pratiwi Ela Nur , Armalina Desy
Published: December 2021

Deparaffinization is a stage before the staining process to remove/dissolve paraffin so that the absorption of color in tissue preparations is maximized. Deparaffinization is usually carried out using xylol and toluol. Xylol has toxic effects including acute neurotoxicity, heart and kidney damage, hepatotoxicity, fatal blood dyscrasias, skin erythema, dry skin, peeling skin, and also has a carcinogenic effect. The toxicity effect of olive oil is lower than that of xylol. Oils that have non-polar properties can remove the remaining paraffin contained in the tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine the microscopic appearance of the kidney tissue preparations of mice deparaffinized with olive oil on hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The type of research used is experimental research which is analyzed with a descriptive approach. The results of the assessment of preparations deparaffinized with xylol in 80 visual fields obtained 100% good preparations and preparations deparaffinized with olive oil in 80 visual fields obtained 0% poor preparations, 11.3% poor preparations, and 88.7% good preparation. So it can be said that better results are found in the microscopic picture of the kidney preparations of mice (Mus musculus) deparaffinized with xylol.
Die Rolle der Gerechtigkeit in der Regulierung von Märkten
Authors: Meyer Marco
Published: December 2021

Wann Einkommen und Vermögen gerecht verteilt wären, ist unter politischen Philosophinnen umstritten. Die unterschiedlichen Standpunkte beruhen auf unterschiedlichen Theorien von Gerechtigkeit und auf unterschiedlichen ökonomischen Annahmen. Einig sind sich viele Autorinnen aber darin, dass die tatsächliche Verteilung von Einkommen und Vermögen in entwickelten Marktwirtschaften ungerecht sei. Eine gerechte Verteilung von Einkommen und Vermögen erfordere folglich Eingriffe in deren vom Markt hervorgebrachte tatsächliche Verteilung. Diese weithin geteilte Einsicht wirft die Frage auf, wo und wie in die Verteilung von Einkommen und Vermögen eingegriffen werden sollte. Steuern und Transferzahlungen werden allgemein für geeignet gehalten, vom Markt hervorgebrachte Verteilungen gerechter zu machen. Strittig ist, ob darüber hinaus auch die Märkte selbst so gestaltet werden können, dass sie Einkommen und Vermögen gerechter verteilen. Einflussreiche politische Philosophinnen wie John Rawls halten Steuern und Transfers für hinreichend. Ich halte dagegen, dass diese Eingriffe nicht hinreichen, und dass zur Schaffung von Gerechtigkeit in die Regulierung von Märkten eingegriffen werden sollte. Ihre Regulierung sollte nicht nur Kriterien der Effizienz folgen, sondern auch Kriterien der Gerechtigkeit.
Wie sollte eine „Property-Owning Democracy“ realisiert werden? Eine Diskussion von redistributiven Maßnahmen unter nicht-idealen Bedingungen
Authors: Sirsch Jürgen
Published: December 2021

Damit Normative Politische Theorie kein Selbstzweck bleibt, ist es notwendig, sich mit Strategien zur Realisierung gerechter Gesellschaften zu beschäftigen. Allerdings hat sich in großen Teilen der Normativen Politischen Theorie ein, aus der Sicht von realistischen und komparativen Kritiker*innen, zunächst ungeeignet erscheinender idealtheoretischer Zugang etabliert. Im Rahmen idealer Theorie steht meist die Frage im Mittelpunkt, wie Prinzipien und Institutionen einer vollständig gerechten Gesellschaft aussehen (Rawls 2001). Der idealtheoretische Ansatz beansprucht jedoch auch, praktische Fragen nach gerechtem politischem Handeln unter nicht-idealen Bedingungen zu beantworten: Im Rahmen des „Ideal Guidance Approach“ (IGA) werden verfügbare politische Maßnahmen nicht nur im Hinblick auf ihre unmittelbaren, gerechtigkeitsrelevanten Folgen beurteilt, sondern auch, inwiefern sie langfristig zur Erreichung eines ambitionierten Ideals beitragen. Hierbei muss jedoch auch beachtet werden, dass die Auswahl von Maßnahmen politische Auswirkungen hat und ihre Verfügbarkeit politischen Restriktionen unterliegt. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit der realistischen und komparativen Kritik am IGA auseinander und erarbeitet vor diesem Hintergrund Kriterien für die Auswahl von politischen Programmen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden zwei Reformoptionen, die zur Realisierung des liberal-egalitären Ideals einer „Property Owning Democracy“ (Rawls 2001) beitragen sollen, diskutiert: Erstens die Erhöhung von Einkommens- und Vermögenssteuern (Piketty 2014) und zweitens den Vorschlag der Einrichtung eines schuldenfinanzierten Staatsfonds (Corneo 2018a; 2018b).
Educational partnership in the system of general secondary education: theory and methodology
Authors:   National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Топузов Oleg
Published: December 2021

The monograph considers the theoretical and methodological principles of educational partnership in the system of general secondary education.