bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction Model of Firefighting Supplies Market
Authors: Park Inseon , Jeong Muheon
Published: September 2021

The market size of the firefighting supplies industry is can be considered a derivative demand of the construction industry, and its patterns differ seasonally. In this study, the seasonal ARIMA model and the transfer function model were established, and their predictive performances were verified. It was statistically confirmed that the firefighting supplies market has a lagging character in the construction industry. Although the seasonal ARIMA model, a representative time-series model, is a suitable predictive model, the transfer function model linked to the construction market is more useful in the short-term forecast period. This study is the first statistical prediction study of the firefighting supplies market in Korea. Based on the structural characteristics of the firefighting supplies industry, the relationship between the building permit and firefighting supplies production should be established using the transfer function model, the transfer function model is more useful in the decision-making process of firefighting supplies policies and the manufacturer’s marketing.
Study on Smoke Detector Characteristics Using Fire Simulations
Authors: Lee Ga-Hyeon , Lee Sung-Eun , Kim Si-Kuk , Lee Seung-Chul
Published: September 2021

To reduce the damage caused by fire detector malfunctions, we investigated the standards and literature pertaining to fire detectors in Korea. The domestic standards cite UL's technical specifications, which provide only the standards and types of combustible materials; however, additional research is needed because no facilities related to the experiments are investigated and no fire experiments have actually been conducted. In this study, we refer to UL 268, which is similar to the domestic standards, as well as detailed experimental conditions and methods to improve smoke detector performances; we also use wood as the combustion material from among the fire sources specified in UL 268. Experiments were conducted to measure the sensitization rates using an optical density meter and repeated to match the wood smoke profile standard provided in UL 268. Furthermore, we compared the smoke concentrations detected by the smoke detectors in the fire experiments with those from fire simulations using FDS software to confirm the detector characteristics. Through these comparisons, we show that this research could be used as preliminary data for performance testing of detectors using UL 268.
Corpus linguistics and vocabulary: A commentary on four studies
Authors: Anthony Laurence
Published: September 2021

Tools and methods developed in the field of corpus linguistics play an often understated but important role in much of vocabulary research. This article offers a commentary on four vocabulary studies that explicitly reference the use of corpus linguistics in the development of new vocabulary resources, tools, and concepts. First, the article categorizes corpus linguistics research into two distinct areas and then positions the four studies in these areas. Next, the article summarizes the results of the four studies, before making suggestions for strengthening the works from the perspective of mainstream corpus linguistics research. The article concludes with a general comment on the value of the studies as they relate to corpus linguistics and vocabulary research in general.
Vocabulary instruction and learning: A commentary on four studies
Authors: Beglar David
Published: September 2021

Four papers were presented by Jenifer Larson-Hall, Noriko Matsuda, Yu Kanazawa, and Phil Bennett. As the discussant, it is my pleasure to comment on these four interesting studies concerning language attrition, the effect of a speaker’s voice on the speed of word recognition, affect and lexical acquisition, and the use of metaphor in teaching academic vocabulary. A unique aspect of these papers is their focus on areas in the fields that have received little attention in the past. This feature makes the studies quite valuable, as they illuminate aspects of lexical acquisition that are yet to be understood in any detail.
Impact of talker variability on L2 word recognition among Japanese EFL learners
Authors: Matsuda Noriko
Published: September 2021

This article is a pilot study investigating auditory word priming in 40 Japanese learners of English using speeded repetition tasks to measure the impact of talker changes on second language (L2) word recognition. The results showed that by focusing more on the perceptual dimension, in single-talker conditions, word recognition time was statistically significantly shorter and a perceptual learning effect was seen. However, with talker changes, word recognition time significantly increased and the repetition effects were nullified. The results indicate that Japanese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners have high sensitivity to individual attributes of speech and seem to need some variations in auditory input for some period of time without any need for comprehension in order to form robust representations of L2 words.
Credit Risk Assessments and Firm Value of Listed Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Issackow Mohamed Maalim , Mwambia Felix , Muema Wilson
Published: September 2021

Despite the various control measures put in place especially the CBK’s prudential laws to ensure that the performance of commercial banks in Kenya is ensured, most commercial banks have been collapsing in the recent past. It is in this light that the current study sought to ascertain the impact of bank liquidity, capital adequacy, asset quality and earnings on the firm value of listed Commercial banks in Kenya. Descriptive research design was employed on a population sample of eleven publicly listed retail banks. Secondary data was collected from CBK and other public financial reports over the 12-year period from 2009 to 2020. The collected data was analysed using1a multivariate panel regression1model to generate the relevant regression tests. The1study established that the capital adequacy has a marginal positive impact on the firm value while earning ability was found to have a statically insignificant positive effect on firm value among Kenyan commercial bank. The study findings indicated that liquidity was insignificantly and negatively correlated with firm value as asset quality had insignificant positive effect on firm value among Kenyan commercial bank. The study recommends that, managers of listed banks should embrace utilization of internally generated equity capital to ultimately promotes credit risk assessments as they maintain optimal levels of liquidity to maximize firm value and maintain high quality of assets as they sustained levels of earnings that boost output. This paper explained a credit risk rating concept that had not been examined in Kenya before.
Anesthetic Management in a Twin Pregnant Woman with Multiple Drug Allergies Undergoing Cesarean Section: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Seong Shin , Lim Byung Gun , Oh Seok Kyeong , Lee Jae Hak
Published: September 2021

Patients with multiple drug allergies (MDA) can be in danger during anesthesia due to their possibility of anaphylaxis. Perioperative anaphylaxis can occur more frequently in patients with any kind of allergic history. The physiological changes during pregnancy, the existence of the fetus itself, and consequent restrictions on drug use including anesthetics make anesthetic management for pregnant women with MDA more difficult than that for other patients. Appropriate anesthetic strategy based on detailed history taking, allergological evaluations and cooperation between surgeon and anesthesiologist are essential to performing successful anesthesia. To the best of our knowledge, although there have been some cases about anesthetic management in patients with MDA, there is no reported case about surgical anesthesia for Cesarean section in a pregnant woman with MDA. Here, we present a pregnant woman with MDA who showed a positive response to most of anesthetics and analgesics in the intradermal skin test, successfully managed with an anesthetic strategy using volatile induction and maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) for Cesarean section.
Extended Letrozole Versus Recombinant FSH in Ovulation Induction in Cases of Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovary
Authors: Motit Nehad Maher , El-Dorf Ayman Abdelaziz , Elshourbagy Shahinaz Hamdy , Abdullah Manal Mostafa
Published: September 2021

Background: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is still the traditional therapy used for inducing ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clomiphene resistance, which refers to persistence of anovulation after standard CC therapy, occurs in 15%–20% of patients. We aimed to compare between extended letrozole versus recombinant FSH in ovulation induction in cases of clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary

Methods: Seventy women with PCOS were included then patients were equally randomized to receive one of the two drugs to be given over the next 3 months. In current study Group A: letrozole group 2.5 mg two tablets once daily for 10 days from day 2 of menses. Group B: Recombinant FSH 75 i.u s.c daily from day 2 for 5 days then monitoring dose according to folliculometry.

Results: There was non-significant difference between two groups as regard FSH and LH but as regard Serum E2 (pg/mL) at day 5 of HCG administration there was significant higher in FSH recombinant group. There was insignificant difference between two groups as regard Ovulating, Number of follicles >18. There was insignificant difference between two groups as regard Size of dominant follicle, endometrial thickness at hCG (mm). OHSS, discontinuation due to OHSS, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and abortion was higher in FSH recombinant group but differences didn’t reach significance.

Conclusions: There was non-significant difference between two groups in relation to ovulation, Number of follicles, Size of dominant follicle, Endometrial thickness at day of HCG injection however it was reported that OHSS, discontinuation due to OHSS, positive pregnancy test, was higher in FSH recombinant group but differences didn’t reach significance level.
Prevalence of Alcoholic Liver Disease in Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Authors: Ogamba Michael Ikechukwu , Kiyesi Adekemi , Nri-Ezedi Chisom Adaobi , Shittu Lukman
Published: September 2021

Alcoholic liver disease is a severe liver disease that affects substantial number of people in different parts of the world. However, there is low level of awareness regarding the disease and poor knowledge of the risk factors. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease among the residents of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, as this will both provide a clear picture of the incidence, as well as, aiding the diagnosis and management of the disease and distinguish it from other forms of liver impairment. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital; a tertiary health facility serving treatment, teaching, health research and referral purposes for primary and secondary health care facilities within Rivers State and its adjoining states. The relationship between gender and age to the assayed parameters were investigated, shows that age (0.793) and sex (0.591) were not statistically significant for the circulating level of aspartate, with age (0.000) significant and sex (0.217) non-significant for alanine amino transaminase, while age (0.830) and sex (1.52) were not statistically significant for gamma T. the prevalence of liver disease is low (8.1%) in the population and this may be attributed to factors such as poor healthcare-seeking attitude among the residents and effective diagnostic tools to detect the anomaly in the liver, especially, at the earliest stages of the disease condition.
In-silico Studies, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Thiophene Linked Isoxazole Derivatives
Authors: Crasta Lenisha , Suhana K. H. Khadeejath , Afrana Khatheeja , Kshema . , Kumar Pankaj
Published: September 2021

In this work a series of thiophene linked isoxazole derivatives (LK1-LK8) was synthesized by cyclization of different substituted thienyl chalcones (PL1-PL8). The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. These derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial activities. Compounds LK7 showed excellent antibacterial activities amongst the synthesized compounds with MIC value 6.75 µg/ml. Molecular docking of these linked isoxazole derivatives (LK1-LK8) was also performed with crystal structure of staph gyrase B 24kDa (PDB code: 5 4URM). All the isoxazole derivatives (LK1-LK8) were docked into same groove of the binding site of native co-crystallized (1R,4aS,5S,6S,8aR)-5-{[(5S)-1-(3-O-acetyl-4-O-carbamoyl-6-deoxy-2-O-methyl-alpha-L-talopyra nosy l)-4 hydroxy 2-oxo-5-(propan-2-yl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]carbonyl}-6-methyl-4 1, 2, 3, 4 methylid-ene,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl2,6-dideoxy-3-C-[(1S)-1-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1 H-pyrrol-2-yl) carbonyl]amino}ethyl]-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranoside) ligand for activity explanation and exhibited good ligand interaction and binding affinity were of range -2.04 to -4.34 kcal/mol.
Revisiting Role of HbA1c
Authors: Panchbudhe Sanjyoti , Kumar Shilpa , Kondaveeti Suresh Babu
Published: September 2021

With the increasing use of HbA1c as a diagnostic marker, more values at the lower end of the reference range can be observed. As more emphasis has been on decreasing and controlling a rising value of glycated haemoglobin, it is currently uncertain how to interpret low HbA1c values. Various conditions not related to diabetes, but with a fairly common occurrence, influence HbA1c. Alternative indices may have to be used for assessing glycemic control in these cases. It is important that such influencing factors are looked into when evaluating an inappropriately or expectantly low HbA1c value. HbA1c is a biomarker that might have utility beyond just diabetes mellitus. Its role needs to be re-examined as it is a test which is widely available, less amenable to short term physiological variations, and can be easily studied. All that is required is a different perspective or approach to its utility.
Investors’ Responses on SOE’s Liquidity Risk Disclosures: Case of Indonesia
Authors: Geraldina Ira , Rossieta Hilda , Wardhani Ratna
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the value relevance of liquidity risk disclosure of Indonesia listed state owned enterprises after Indonesia Statement of Financial Accounting Standard, Disclosure of Financial Instruments (Revised in 2010 and 2014). This study uses 20 Indonesia listed state owned enterprises during period of 2012-2017 or 115 firm years as final samples. Using panel data analysis, this study shows that liquidity risk disclosure is relevant information for investors in Indonesia stock exchange. Investors response differently on liquidity risk disclosure before and after the announcement windows period of financial reports. The main contribution of this is examining the value relevance of liquidity risk disclosure of Indonesia listed state owned enterprises.
Nurse’s work in the hospital environment: analysis of unfavorable characteristics / Trabalho do enfermeiro no ambiente hospitalar: análise de características desfavoráveis
Authors: Santos José Luís Guedes dos , Gobato Bruno de Campos , Menegon Fernando Henrique Antunes , Moura Lenize Nunes , Camponogara Silviamar , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analisar as características desfavoráveis do ambiente de trabalho do enfermeiro no contexto hospitalar. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa de método misto, com estratégia paralelo-convergente. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados com 106 enfermeiros de um Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil, por meio da utilização do Brazilian Nursing Work Index Revised e analisados mediante estatística descritiva. Para coleta dos dados qualitativos, realizaram-se 25 entrevistas semiestruturadas, as quais foram submetidas à análise temática. Resultados: as características desfavoráveis do trabalho do enfermeiro no ambiente hospitalar estão relacionadas, principalmente, ao quantitativo insuficiente de profissionais e falta de suporte organizacional. Sobressaíram-se dificuldades relacionadas ao uso de diagnósticos de enfermagem e falta de suporte de serviços de apoio. Conclusão: as dificuldades evidenciadas interferem na prática profissional do enfermeiro e podem também afetar o atendimento eficiente e seguro aos pacientes.
Predicting the effect of indirect cell kill in the treatment of multiple brain metastases via single‐isocenter/multitarget volumetric modulated arc therapy stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Palmiero Allison N , Fabian Denise , Randall Marcus E , Clair William , Pokhrel Damodar
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Due to spatial uncertainty, patient setup errors are of major concern for radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases (m‐bm) when using single‐isocenter/multitarget (SIMT) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques. However, recent clinical outcome studies show high rates of tumor local control for SIMT‐VMAT. In addition to direct cell kill (DCK), another possible explanation includes the effects of indirect cell kill (ICK) via devascularization for a single dose of 15 Gy or more and by inducing a radiation immune intratumor response. This study quantifies the role of indirect cell death in dosimetric errors as a function of spatial patient setup uncertainty for stereotactic treatments of multiple lesions.

Material and Methods

Nine complex patients with 61 total tumors (2‐16 tumors/patient) were planned using SIMT‐VMAT with geometry similar to HyperArc with a 10MV‐FFF beam (2400 MU/min). Isocenter was placed at the geometric center of all tumors. Average gross tumor volume (GTV) and planning target volume (PTV) were 1.1 cc (0.02–11.5) and 1.9 cc (0.11–18.8) with an average distance to isocenter of 5.4 cm (2.2–8.9). The prescription was 20 Gy to each PTV. Plans were recalculated with induced clinically observable patient setup errors [±2 mm, ±2o] in all six directions. Boolean structures were generated to calculate the effect of DCK via 20 Gy isodose volume (IDV) and ICK via 15 Gy IDV minus the 20 Gy IDV. Contributions of each IDV to the PTV coverage were analyzed along with normal brain toxicity due to the patient setup uncertainty. Induced uncertainty and minimum dose covering the entire PTV were analyzed to determine the maximum tolerable patient setup errors to utilize the ICK effect for radiosurgery of m‐bm via SIMT‐VMAT.

Results

Patient setup errors of 1.3 mm /1.3° in all six directions must be maintained to achieve PTV coverage of the 15 Gy IDV for ICK. Setup errors of ±2 mm/2° showed clinically unacceptable loss of PTV coverage of 29.4 ± 14.6% even accounting the ICK effect. However, no clinically significant effect on normal brain dosimetry was observed.

Conclusions

Radiosurgery of m‐bm using SIMT‐VMAT treatments have shown positive clinical outcomes even with small residual patient setup errors. These clinical outcomes, while largely due to DCK, may also potentially be due to the ICK. Potential mechanisms, such as devascularization and/or radiation‐induced intratumor immune enhancement, should be explored to provide a better understanding of the radiobiological response of stereotactic radiosurgery of m‐bm using a SIMT‐VMAT plan.
A New Strategy for Accelerating Dynamic Proton Transfer of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at High Current Densities
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Feng Shaohua , Lu Weichao , Zhao Yingjie , Zheng Sixing , Zheng Wanzhen , Sang Xiahan , Zheng Lirong , Xie Yu , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Wang Shaobin , Hou Yang
Published: September 2021

Developing single‐atom electrocatalysts with high activity and superior selectivity at a wide potential window for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) still remains a great challenge. Herein, a porous NiNC catalyst containing atomically dispersed NiN4 sites and nanostructured zirconium oxide (ZrO2@Ni‐NC) synthesized via a post‐synthetic coordination coupling carbonization strategy is reported. The as‐prepared ZrO2@Ni‐NC exhibits an initial potential of −0.3 V, maximum CO Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of 98.6% ± 1.3, and a low Tafel slope of 71.7 mV dec−1 in electrochemical CO2RR. In particular, a wide potential window from −0.7 to −1.4 V with CO F.E. of above 90% on ZrO2@Ni‐NC far exceeds those of recently developed state‐of‐the‐art CO2RR electrocatalysts based on NiN moieties anchored carbon. In a flow cell, ZrO2@Ni‐NC delivers a current density of 200 mA cm−2 with a superior CO selectivity of 96.8% at −1.58 V in a practical scale. A series of designed experiments and structural analyses identify that the isolated NiN4 species act as real active sites to drive the CO2RR reaction and that the nanostructured ZrO2 largely accelerates the protonation process of *CO2− to *COOH intermediate, thus significantly reducing the energy barrier of this rate‐determining step and boosting whole catalytic performance.
Cascade‐Amplifying Synergistic Therapy for Intracranial Glioma via Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species‐Triggered “All‐in‐One” Nanoplatform
Authors: Wu Pengying , Zhu Mingting , Li Yan , Ya Zhen , Yang Yabo , Yuan Yuchen , Dong Wei , Guo Shifang , Lu Shukuan , Zhang Lei , Zong Yujin , Wan Mingxi
Published: September 2021

Targeted delivery of drug‐loaded nanoparticles to brain tumors is exceptionally difficult due to the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). In addition, several chemotherapeutic drugs induce autophagy, which protects the cells from apoptosis and mitigates the therapeutic effect. A novel “all‐in‐one” nanoparticles (AMPTL) consisting of endogenous reactive oxygen species‐cleavable thioketal linkers conjugated to paclitaxel (PTX) and autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine, and angiopep‐2 peptide‐modified DSPE‐PEG2K is developed. AMPTL inhibits autophagy in the C6 glioma cells, as indicated by fewer autophagic vesicles, lower LC3‐II expression and accumulation of SQSTM1/P62, and significantly upregulates p53 and the pro‐apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 proteins. In addition, AMPTL treatment induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Thus, inhibition of autophagy in the AMPTL‐treated glioma cells sensitizes them to PTX‐induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, focused pulse ultrasound and microbubbles enhances the delivery of AMPTL to intracranial glioma tissues by reversibly opening the BBB, which significantly inhibits xenograft growth and markedly improves survival rates of the tumor‐bearing mice. Taken together, combining non‐invasive BBB opening with autophagy inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs can achieve cascade‐amplifying synergistic therapeutic effects against glioma.
Charge‐Transfer Effects of Organic Ligands on Energy Storage Performance of Oxide Nanoparticle‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Song Yongkwon , Lee Seokmin , Ko Yongmin , Huh June , Kim Yongju , Yeom Bongjun , Moon Jun Hyuk , Cho Jinhan
Published: September 2021

One of the most difficult challenges related to pseudocapacitive nanoparticle (PC NP)‐based energy storage electrodes with theoretically high capacity is to overcome the sluggish charge‐transfer kinetics that result from the poorly conductive PC NPs and bulky/insulating organics (i.e., organic ligands and/or polymeric binders) within the electrodes. Herein, it is reported that physical/chemical functionalities of organic ligands and their molecular‐scale coating onto NPs have considerable effects on the rate capability and capacity of oxide NP‐based pseudocapacitor electrodes. For this study, pseudocapacitive iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs are layer‐by‐layer (LbL)‐assembled with conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) NPs using various types of organic ligands (or linkers). In particular, hydrazine ligands, which have extremely small molecular size and strong chemical reducing properties, can effectively remove bulky organic ligands from the NP surface, and thus reduce the separation distance between neighboring NPs. Simultaneously, the hydrazine ligands significantly increase the number of oxygen vacancies on Fe3O4 and ITO NPs during LbL deposition, which markedly enhances the rate capability and capacitance of the electrodes compared to other organic ligands with bulky size and/or without reducing properties. This approach can provide a fundamental basis for developing and designing various high‐performance electrochemical electrodes based on metal oxide NPs.
Triggering Reactive Oxygen Species Field Effect Transistor Based on HIF‐1α Signaling for Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhao Zhihao , Yan Jun , Ling Ke , Shi Rui , Lv Rui , Nie Baoqing , Liu Jian
Published: September 2021

A hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) makes tumors resistant to various therapies including chemotherapies, radiotherapies, and photodynamic therapies. Here, a new strategy of building a reactive oxygen species (ROS) field effect transistor (FET) is reported, which enables amplified ROS flux for tumor ablation and addresses the challenge of tumor hypoxia by a liposomal delivery system (SN‐38∩LP@Fe3O4/GOx). This design can switch “ON” the ROS FET by a small tuning on the “gate electrode” with downregulation of HIF‐1α signaling. Highly effective tumor ablation both in vitro and in vivo using the ROS FET strategy is demonstrated, and its mechanism of changing tumor hypoxia is revealed. Distinctly different from the previous reports based on the chemical supply to address hypoxia TME, this work conceptually creates a method of maximizing ROS damages for cancer treatment with well‐leveraged modulation of the tumor hypoxia pathways.
Emerging Chemistry in Enhancing the Chemical and Photochemical Stabilities of Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Li Yibin , Xu Shaoheng , Zhou Yinhua , Li Zhong'an
Published: September 2021

The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) has made exceptionally rapid progress in the past five years owing to the emergence of fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs). To achieve the commercialization, it is urgent to resolve the stability issues of OCSs from materials to devices. In particular, the state‐of‐the‐art FREAs, often synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation, generally contain two exocyclic vinyl groups (CC bond) as the conjugated bridges, which inevitably exhibit an obvious electron‐deficient characteristic due to the strong push‐pull electronic effect. As a result, these vinyl bridges are vulnerable to nucleophile attacking and/or photooxidation, leading to poor chemical and photochemical stabilities of FREAs that easily cause the degradation of device performance. In this perspective, an in‐depth understanding of the degradation mechanism of FREAs is provided, and then effective strategies reported recently are reviewed for improving the chemical and photochemical stabilities of FREAs from interfacial engineering to molecular engineering to additive engineering. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the future design of highly efficient and stable FREAs are also presented.
Spin–Charge Interconversion in KTaO3 2D Electron Gases
Authors: Vicente‐Arche Luis M. , Bréhin Julien , Varotto Sara , Cosset‐Cheneau Maxen , Mallik Srijani , Salazar Raphaël , Noël Paul , Vaz Diogo C. , Trier Felix , Bhattacharya Suvam , Sander Anke , Le Fèvre Patrick , Bertran François , Saiz Guilhem , Ménard Gerbold , Bergeal Nicolas , Barthélémy Agnès , Li Hai , Lin Chia‐Ching , Nikonov Dmitri E. , Young Ian A. , Rault Julien E. , Vila Laurent , Attané Jean‐Philippe , Bibes Manuel
Published: September 2021

Oxide interfaces exhibit a broad range of physical effects stemming from broken inversion symmetry. In particular, they can display non‐reciprocal phenomena when time reversal symmetry is also broken, e.g., by the application of a magnetic field. Examples include the direct and inverse Edelstein effects (DEE, IEE) that allow the interconversion between spin currents and charge currents. The DEE and IEE have been investigated in interfaces based on the perovskite SrTiO3 (STO), albeit in separate studies focusing on one or the other. The demonstration of these effects remains mostly elusive in other oxide interface systems despite their blossoming in the last decade. Here, the observation of both the DEE and IEE in a new interfacial two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) based on the perovskite oxide KTaO3 is reported. 2DEGs are generated by the simple deposition of Al metal onto KTaO3 single crystals, characterized by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy and magnetotransport, and shown to display the DEE through unidirectional magnetoresistance and the IEE by spin‐pumping experiments. Their spin–charge interconversion efficiency is then compared with that of STO‐based interfaces, related to the 2DEG electronic structure, and perspectives are given for the implementation of KTaO3 2DEGs into spin–orbitronic devices is compared.
Enabling Atomic‐Scale Imaging of Sensitive Potassium Metal and Related Solid Electrolyte Interphases Using Ultralow‐Dose Cryo‐TEM
Authors: Zhang Qing , Han Bing , Zou Yucheng , Shen Shaocheng , Li Menghao , Lu Xinzhen , Wang Man , Guo Zaiping , Yao Jianquan , Chang Zhi , Gu Meng
Published: September 2021

Potassium‐based solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) have a much smaller damage threshold than their lithium counterpart; thus, they are significantly more beam sensitive. Here, an ultralow‐dose cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) technique (≈8 e Å−2 s−1 × 10 s), which enables the atomic‐scale chemical imaging of the electron‐beam‐sensitive potassium metal and SEI in its native state, is adapted. The potassium‐based SEI consists of large brackets of diverse inorganic phases (≈hundreds of nanometers) interspersed with amorphous phases, which are different from the tiny nanocrystalline inorganic phases (≈a few nanometers) formed in a lithium‐based SEI. Organic phosphate‐based electrolyte solvents induce the formation of a thin and stable SEI layer for enhanced cycling performance, while the carbonate ester‐based electrolytes result in large quantities of metastable KHCO3, and K4CO4 products in the SEI, depleting the potassium reserves in the battery. The findings provide deep insights and guidance in the selection of optimum electrolytes that should be used for potassium batteries.
PEDOT:PSS‐Coated Stimulation Electrodes Attenuate Irreversible Electrochemical Events and Reduce Cell Electropermeabilization
Authors: Dijk Gerwin , Ruigrok Hermanus J. , O'Connor Rodney P.
Published: September 2021

Electroporation or electropermeabilization occurs when cells are exposed to sufficiently high‐pulsed electric fields. This phenomenon is now an important technique to facilitate the transmembrane transport of molecules, however, the role of the electrode material and associated electrochemical events remain unclear. Here, it is shown that electrical stimulation with PEDOT:PSS‐coated electrodes strongly reduces irreversible electrochemical reactions that otherwise lead to changes in pH and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Coated electrodes exhibit a slightly higher threshold for cell stimulation, however, little electropermeabilization is observed at voltages that greatly exceed the threshold for uncoated electrodes. The findings indicate that electrically induced, extracellular chemical changes represent an important mechanism in the cellular electropermeabilization response. Moreover, PEDOT:PSS‐coated electrodes separate the delivery of electric pulses from chemical changes, which paves the way for future experiments that could lead to a better understanding of underlying mechanisms.
Facile Amidogen Bio‐Activation Method Can Boost the Soft Tissue Integration on 3D Printed Poly–Ether–Ether–Ketone Interface
Authors: Liu Xi , Huang Lijun , Zhang Hao , Liu Yujian , Wu Chunyan , Luo Qixing , Yin Feiyang , Yan Xiaolong , Zhao Jinbo , Su Yanwen , He Jiankang , Li Weimiao , Li Dichen , Shi Changquan , Yang Pinyi , Zhao Zhenhuan , Du Tao , Wu Weiwei , Li Xiaofei , Wang Lei
Published: September 2021

Poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) implants with good mechanical properties and chemical inertia, meet the urgent needs of bone substitute. However, its inert interface leads to poor soft tissue integration, which prolongs healing time of surgical incision with many complications. Herein, (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane is connected to 3D printed (3DP) PEEK interface by chemical modification. The homogeneous amino groups on amidogen interface enhance PEEK's hydrophilicity and proteinophilia significantly. Fibroblasts cultured on the amidogen PEEK interface show much stronger potential of cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, soft tissue ingrowth into 3DP PEEK scaffold occurs more and faster in the amidogen interface in vivo. The observation of the microstructure shows tighter implant–tissue bonding interfaces on the amidogen PEEK. To mimic real surgery, 3DP PEEK implants of the same proportions in clinical practice are used to reconstruct the chest wall defects of rabbits. A significant reduction in healing time and incision complications are observed in the amidogen PEEK groups. In addition, 19 related proteins are found in the fibroblasts cultured on the amidogen PEEK interface, which can be used to trace the biological mechanisms. In all, the facile amidogen bio‐activation method can significantly boost the soft tissue integration on 3DP PEEK interface with less surgical complications.
Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer Pathways and Photocatalytic Mechanisms in Hybrid Plasmonic Photocatalysis
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sundaram Bhardwaj , Mohammadparast Farshid , Dadgar Andishaeh P. , Mou Tong , Le Tien , Wang Bin , Jain Prashant K. , Andiappan Marimuthu
Published: September 2021

Hybrid plasmonic nanostructures are built on plasmonic metalnanostructures surrounded by catalytic metals or metal oxides. Recent studies have shown that hybrid plasmonic nanocatalysts can concurrently utilize thermal energy and photon stimuli and exhibit high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability that are not attainable in conventional purely thermally activated catalytic processes. The hybrid plasmonic photocatalytic approach has recently emerged as an attractive concept for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, the distributed synthesis of valuable chemicals such as ammonia with little to no requirement of external heating, and the development of coke‐resistant and selective catalytic processes. The field of hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis has grown tremendously in the last decade. In this review article, the advantages of visible‐light‐augmented hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis over conventional pure thermally activated heterogeneous catalysis are discussed. Fundamental insights are provided into photocatalytic mechanisms by which the photoexcited charge carriers (electrons and holes) are formed and transferred to adsorbates triggering chemical transformations on the surface of hybrid plasmonic nanocatalysts. Computational modeling used for predicting and understanding the photocatalytic activity and selectivity on hybrid plasmonic nanostructures is also reviewed. The review closes with a discussion of the current challenges, new opportunities, and future outlook for hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis.
High‐QChiroptical Resonances by Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum in Dielectric Metasurfaces with Simultaneously Broken In‐Plane Inversion and Mirror Symmetries
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Hyon , Kim Ju‐Ryong
Published: September 2021

Bound states in the continuum (BIC) have recently attracted great attention in photonics. Metasurfaces with broken inversion symmetry exhibit high‐Qresonances via quasi‐BIC, enabling low threshold lasing, sensing, and efficient nonlinear generation. Recently, chiral BICs have been investigated by using double layer structure or out‐of‐plane perturbation, requiring complicated fabrication processes. This work presents chiral quasi‐BIC by simultaneously breaking the in‐plane inversion and mirror symmetries in dielectric metasurfaces. For such a simultaneous symmetry breaking, the metasurfaces exhibit quasi‐BIC with strong chirality, resulting in near‐unity circular dichroism with high quality factor of several orders‐of‐magnitude. As the chiral quasi‐BIC appears only by in‐plane structural perturbation, it is much more feasible for practical fabrications compared with preceding results. Due to the symmetry‐protected nature of its original BIC, the proposed approach does not require fine tuning of structural parameters for observing the desired effects unlike the accidental BIC. The results presented in this work pave the way for chiral sensing with high spectral resolution, nonlinear chiroptics with high efficiency, low‐threshold circular polarized lasing, and security applications.
One‐Pot Enzyme Cascade Catalyzed Asymmetrization of Primary Alcohols: Synthesis of Enantiocomplementary Chiral β‐Nitroalcohols
Authors: Chatterjee Ayon , Rao D. H. Sreenivasa , Kumar Padhi Santosh
Published: September 2021

Biocatalytic asymmetrization of inexpensive and stable primary alcohols to prepare enantioenriched β‐nitroalcohols is an important development in green chemistry for the production of chiral pharmaceutical intermediates. Herein, we report a one‐pot, two‐step cascade reaction sequence in which first benzylic alcohols were oxidized to produce corresponding benzaldehydes using horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH). The in situ generated aldehydes were then reacted in a biphasic medium with nitromethane by Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxynitrile lyase (AtHNL) or Baliospermum montanum HNL (BmHNL) catalyzed Henry reaction to produce stereoselective β‐nitroalcohols with (R) or (S) configuration, respectively. Using HLADH‐AtHNL, (R)‐β‐nitroalcohols were obtained in up to 64% conversion, and HLADH‐BmHNL, (S)‐β‐nitroalcohols in up to 70% conversion, while in both cases excellent stereoselectivity (up to >99% ee) was achieved. The concept was proven by functionalization of sp3 C−H bond of ten simple achiral benzylic alcohols to enantiocomplementary chiral β‐nitroalcohols.

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Organic Matrix Assisted Low‐temperature Crystallization of Black Phase Inorganic Perovskites
Authors: Chen Yuetian , Liu Xiaomin , Zhao Yixin
Published: September 2021

All‐inorganic perovskites have attracted increasing attention for applications in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and optoelectronics, including light‐emitting devices (LEDs). Cesium lead halide perovskites with tunable I/Br ratios and a band gap aligning with the sunlight region are promising candidates for PSCs. Although impressive progress has been made to improve device efficiency from the initial 2.9 % with low phase stability to over 20 % with high stability, there are still questions regarding the perovskite crystal growth mechanism, especially at low temperatures. In this Minireview, we summarize recent developments in using an organic matrix, including the addition and use of organic ions, polymers, and solvent molecules, for the crystallization of black phase inorganic perovskites at temperatures lower than the phase transition point. We also discuss possible mechanisms for this low‐temperature crystallization and their effect on the stability of black phase perovskites. We conclude with an outlook and perspective for further fabrication of large‐scale inorganic perovskites for optoelectronic applications.
Stable Interface Chemistry and Multiple Ion Transport of Composite Electrolyte Contribute to Ultra‐long Cycling Solid‐State LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Ke , Chen Likun , Ma Jiabin , Lai Chen , Huang Yanfei , Mi Jinshuo , Biao Jie , Zhang Danfeng , Shi Peiran , Xia Heyi , Zhong Guiming , Kang Feiyu , He Yan‐Bing
Published: September 2021

Severe interfacial side reactions of polymer electrolyte with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode and Li metal anode restrict the cycling performance of solid‐state NCM811/Li batteries. Herein, we propose a chemically stable ceramic‐polymer‐anchored solvent composite electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 6.0×10−4 S cm−1, which enables the solid‐state NCM811/Li batteries to cycle 1500 times. The Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 nanowires (LNs) can tightly anchor the essential N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), greatly enhancing its electrochemical stability and suppressing the side reactions. We identify the ceramic‐polymer‐liquid multiple ion transport mechanism of the LNs‐PVDF‐DMF composite electrolyte by tracking the 6Li and 7Li substitution behavior via solid‐state NMR. The stable interface chemistry and efficient ion transport of LNs‐PVDF‐DMF contribute to superior performances of the solid‐state batteries at wide temperature range of −20–60 °C.
Overcoming the Low Driving Force in Forming Depolymerizable Polymers through Monomer Isomerization
Authors: Chen Hanlin , Shi Zhen , Hsu Tze‐Gang , Wang Junpeng
Published: September 2021

While depolymerizable polymers have been intensely pursued as a potential solution to address the challenges in polymer sustainability, most depolymerization systems are characterized by a low driving force in polymerization, which poses difficulties for accessing diverse functionalities and architectures of polymers. Here, we address this challenge by using a cyclooctene‐based depolymerization system, in which the cis‐to‐trans alkene isomerization significantly increases the ring strain energy to enable living ring‐opening metathesis polymerization at monomer concentrations ≥0.025 M. An additional trans‐cyclobutane fused at the 5,6‐position of the cyclooctene reduces the ring strain energy of cyclooctene, enabling the corresponding polymers to depolymerize into the cis‐cyclooctene monomers. The use of excess triphenylphosphine was found to be essential to suppress secondary metathesis and depolymerization. The high‐driving‐force living polymerization of the trans‐cyclobutane fused trans‐cyclooctene system holds promise for developing chemically recyclable polymers of a wide variety of polymer architectures.
Cycloadditions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and ‐butanes using S=N‐Containing Reagents: Access to Cyclic Sulfinamides, Sulfonamides, and Sulfinamidines
Authors: Oliver Gwyndaf A. , Loch Maximilian N. , Augustin André U. , Steinbach Pit , Sharique Mohammed , Tambar Uttam K. , Jones Peter G. , Bannwarth Christoph , Werz Daniel B.
Published: September 2021

We present (3+2)‐ and (4+2)‐cycloadditions of donor–acceptor (D–A) cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes with N‐sulfinylamines and a sulfur diimide, along with a one‐pot, two‐step strategy for the formal insertion of HNSO2 into D–A cyclopropanes. These are rare examples of cycloadditions with D–A cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes whereby the 2π component consists of two different heteroatoms, thus leading to five‐ and six‐membered rings containing adjacent heteroatoms.
Biosynthesis of Chuangxinmycin Featuring a Deubiquitinase‐like Sulfurtransferase
Authors: Zhang Xingwang , Xu Xiaokun , You Cai , Yang Chaofan , Guo Jiawei , Sang Moli , Geng Ce , Cheng Fangyuan , Du Lei , Shen Yuemao , Wang Sheng , Lan Haidong , Yang Fan , Li Yuezhong , Tang Ya‐Jie , Zhang Youming , Bian Xiaoying , Li Shengying , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2021

The knowledge on sulfur incorporation mechanism involved in sulfur‐containing molecule biosynthesis remains limited. Chuangxinmycin is a sulfur‐containing antibiotic with a unique thiopyrano[4,3,2‐cd]indole (TPI) skeleton and selective inhibitory activity against bacterial tryptophanyl‐tRNA synthetase. Despite the previously reported biosynthetic gene clusters and the recent functional characterization of a P450 enzyme responsible for C−S bond formation, the enzymatic mechanism for sulfur incorporation remains unknown. Here, we resolve this central biosynthetic problem by in vitro biochemical characterization of the key enzymes and reconstitute the TPI skeleton in a one‐pot enzymatic reaction. We reveal that the JAMM/MPN+ protein Cxm3 functions as a deubiquitinase‐like sulfurtransferase to catalyze a non‐classical sulfur‐transfer reaction by interacting with the ubiquitin‐like sulfur carrier protein Cxm4GG. This finding adds a new mechanism for sulfurtransferase in nature.
Organic Long Persistent Luminescence Through In Situ Generation of Cuprous(I) Ion Pairs in Ionic Solids
Authors: Liang Xiao , Luo Xu‐Feng , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin
Published: September 2021

Recent development of most organic long persistent luminescence (OLPL) systems employed binary or tertiary doping. However, the design strategies towards OLPL materials with hour‐long afterglow duration are still quite limited. Here, we propose a novel OLPL system through melt‐casting method with 0.1 mol % of CuI complexes: 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl BINAP‐CuX (X=Cl, Br and I) doped into the triphenylphosphine (TPP) host. The charge separation was initiated prior to excitation through host coordination with CuI complexes, resulting in semi‐free halogen ions and in situ generated CuI cations, which forms TPP + BINAP‐CuX ionic pairs and subsequently ionic solids. The OLPL lifetime can be readily modulated by different halogen atoms and the afterglow can last up to more than 3 hours perceivable to human eyes. This is a rare example of OLPL initiated through host‐guest coordination that could potentially expand the definition of OLPL systems and design strategies.
Precatalyst‐Enabled Selectivity: Enantioselective NiH‐Catalyzed anti‐Hydrometalative Cyclization of Alkynones to Endo‐ and Heterocyclic Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Wen , Zhu Ming‐Hui , Zeng Hai‐Xiang , Li Qi‐Yang , Liu Wen‐Bo
Published: September 2021

A highly enantioselective NiH‐catalyzed hydrocyclization of alkynones with unparalleled anti‐ and endocyclic selectivities is described. The choice of the precatalysts has significant influence in tuning the regio‐ and enantioselectivity. Using Ni(OTs)2/Phox as a precatalyst and (EtO)2MeSiH as a hydride source, an array of enantioenriched O‐, N‐, and S‐containing heterocyclic tertiary allylic alcohols are obtained in 24–81 % yields with 80:20–99:1 er. Mechanistic investigations and synthetic application are also carried out. This study represents an efficient access to a set of allylic alcohols that are unable to access by the state‐of‐the‐art coupling reactions.
A Solvent‐Polarity‐Induced Interface Self‐Assembly Strategy towards Mesoporous Triazine‐Based Carbon Materials
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Zhilin , Gao Tu‐Nan , Zhang Liangliang , Zheng Yuenan , Zhang Jianan , Zhang Ling , Qiao Zhen‐An
Published: September 2021

Triazine‐based materials with porous structure have recently received numerous attentions as a fascinating new class because of their superior potential for various applications. However, it is still a formidable challenge to obtain triazine‐based materials with precise adjustable meso‐scaled pore sizes and controllable pore structures by reported synthesis approaches. Herein, we develop a solvent polarity induced interface self‐assembly strategy to construct mesoporous triazine‐based carbon materials. In this method, we employ a mixed solvent system within a suitable range of polarity (0.223≤Lippert–Mataga parameter (Δf) ≤0.295) to induce valid self‐assembly of skeleton precursor and surfactant. The as‐prepared mesoporous triazine‐based carbon materials possess uniform tunable pore sizes (8.2–14.0 nm), high surface areas and ultrahigh nitrogen content (up to 18 %). Owing to these intriguing advantages, the fabricated mesoporous triazine‐based carbon materials as functionalized porous solid absorbents exhibit predominant CO2 adsorption performance and exceptional selectivity for the capture of CO2 over N2.