bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of BKPyV-DNAemia by a Tailored Viro-Immunologic Approach Does Not Lead to BKPyV-Nephropathy Progression and Development of Donor-Specific Antibodies in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Cioni Michela , Muscianisi Stella , De Cicco Marica , Basso Sabrina , Hirsch Hans H. , Fontana Iris , Catenacci Laura , Bagnarino Jessica , Siciliano Mariangela , Montana Lampo Oriana , Acquafredda Gloria , Boti Lou Tina Diana , Rotella Jessica , Bozza Eleonora , Zumelli Jennifer , Mebelli Kristiana , Baldanti Fausto , Cardillo Massimo , Zecca Marco , Nocera Arcangelo , Luppi Mario , Verrina Enrico , Ginevri Fabrizio , Comoli Patrizia
Published: December 2024

Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyV-nephropathy) remains a significant cause of premature kidney allograft failure. In the absence of effective antiviral treatments, current therapeutic approaches rely on immunosuppression (IS) reduction, possibly at the risk of inducing alloimmunity. Therefore, we sought to explore the long-term effects of a tailored viro-immunologic surveillance and treatment program for BKPyV on the development of alloimmunity and kidney graft outcome. Forty-five pediatric kidney transplant recipients were longitudinally monitored for BKPyV replication, virus-specific immunity, and donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSAs). DNAemia developed in 15 patients who were treated with stepwise IS reduction. Among the other 30 patients, 17 developed DNAuria without DNAemia and 13 always resulted as BKPyV-negative. All patients with DNAemia cleared BKPyV after having mounted a virus-specific cellular immune response, and no biopsy-proven BKPyV-nephropathy was observed. The presence of cytotoxic populations directed to the BKPyV Large-T (LT) antigen early after transplantation protected kidney recipients from developing BKPyV replication, and the appearance of LT-specific T cells in viruric patients prevented the development of BKPyV-DNAemia. In our cohort, no significant correlation was observed between BKPyV-DNAemia and the development of DSA and antibody-mediated rejection. However, patients who experienced and cleared BKPyV-DNAemia had a worse allograft survival at a median follow-up of 18.9 years (p = 0.048). These data need to be confirmed in larger cohorts.
Experimental Study on the Dynamic Impact Characteristics of Iron Ore Under Free-Fall Conditions
Authors: Wang Zhongxin , Song Bo , Yi Yangyang , Hu Jianhua , Wang Hui , Liu Chang , Li Xiangsen
Published: December 2024

Ore processing equipment is constantly subjected to impacts from various types of ore. However, the impact force characteristics generated by ore particles of different masses have not been thoroughly studied, which has hindered the design and monitoring of such equipment. This paper presents an experimental study on the dynamic impact characteristics of iron ore particles under free–fall conditions. The research focuses on understanding the mechanical behavior of ore particles of varying sizes and weights when colliding with metallic components, particularly crushers, which are critical in the ore processing industry. A modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus was utilized to measure the impact forces, durations, and deformation patterns during collisions. Two types of fired iron ore pellets were collected from industrial plants and sorted into different mass ranges for testing. The pellets were dropped from a height of 1 m to impact a steel rod, and the resulting impact forces were recorded using strain gauges. Additionally, finite element simulations were conducted to validate the experimental methodology. The results revealed significant variations in impact force, duration, and deformation patterns, influenced by particle mass and impact position. The maximum recorded impact force was approximately 7500 N, indicating the high energy involved in these collisions. Impact durations ranged from 0.05 to 0.11 milliseconds, emphasizing the rapid nature of the interactions. The deformation patterns were consistent across all particles, supporting the applicability of Hertz’s contact theory.This study offers valuable insights into the dynamic impact characteristics of iron ore particles, which are essential for optimizing the design and performance of mining machinery.
Metallogenic Evolution Related to Mantle Delamination Under Northern Tunisia
Authors: Jemmali Nejib , Souissi Fouad , Rddad Larbi , Carranza Emmanuel John , Booth-Rea Guillermo
Published: December 2024

Mineralization processes in the Tell-Atlas of North Africa coincided with magmatism, extension, and lithospheric rejuvenation during the middle to late Miocene. This review examines the lead isotope compositions and Pb-Pb age dating of ore deposits in the region to elucidate the sources and timing of mineralization events. The data reveal a predominantly radiogenic signature in the ores, indicating that the primary component is from a crustal source, with a contribution from the mantle. Pb-Pb age dating suggests the ranges of mineralization ages, with late Miocene events being particularly significant, coinciding with proposed sub-continental mantle delamination following subduction of the African lithosphere. In this context, polymetallic mineralizations formed related to felsic magmatism, hydrothermalism driven by extensional faults, resulting in the formation of Mississippi Valley-Type, and Sedimentary exhalative deposits within associated semi-grabens and diapirism. The correlation between orogenic extensional collapse, magmatism, and mineralization underscores the importance of understanding the specific geological context of ore formation. The detachment of subducted slabs and subsequent influx of hot asthenosphere play pivotal roles in creating conducive conditions for mineralization. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between tectonic mechanisms, mantle-crust interactions, and mineralization events in the Tell-Atlas, offering insights for further exploration in the region.
Geochemical Discrimination of Agate in Diverse Volcanic Host Rocks Through Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Bo-Chao , Huang Xiao-Wen , Xi Xi
Published: December 2024

The formation of agate is related to syngenetic or epigenetic magmatic hydrothermal fluids. Trace elements incorporated during the alteration of host rocks caused by hydrothermal magmatic fluids precipitate during their crystallization, reflecting the characteristics of the host rocks. While prior research has yielded extensive trace element data to differentiate agate types found in volcanic rocks, there remains a need for a more efficient method to identify the host volcanic rock of alluvial agate. In this study, a two-stage Random Forest approach was employed to classify the chemical compositions of agate originating from rhyolite, andesite, and basalt, with the aim of facilitating the determination of the host volcanic rock for unknown alluvial agate samples. A dataset comprising 203 agate compositional analyses, sourced from 16 distinct locations, was compiled and labeled for the purpose of training the Random Forest model. The classification results indicate that the developed models exhibit high accuracy (0.9524) and an F1 score of 0.9512, demonstrating their superior performance and efficiency. The feature importance analysis of these models reveals that U, Sb, and Sr contents are particularly crucial for discriminating between different types of volcanic rocks hosting agate. Furthermore, this study introduces a novel discriminant plot utilizing linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to evaluate the host volcanic rock of agate based on trace element data. Verifying the trace element data of agate samples related to basalt based on actual measurements shows that both the Random Forest (with accuracy of 0.813) and LDA plot underscore the effectiveness of using the trace elements found in alluvial agate for the identification of the host volcanic rock.
Dimension Stone Processing Sludge at Different Stages of Production: Insights for Waste Management
Authors: Neves Mirna A. , Nascimento Wenderson A. R. , Horn Adolf H.
Published: December 2024

Brazil stands out as one of the main producers of dimension stones and, in order to maintain sustainable production, the principles of environmental sustainability have been increasingly desired. The importance of studying sludge from dimension stone processing is not only based on the economic and environmental burden that its waste disposal represents for the sector but also on the opportunity to use a material that can reduce the extraction of other mineral goods. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of this sludge at different stages of the processing to evaluate the differences between the material circulating in the production process and after dehydration, when it becomes a residue to be disposed of. Aluminum, iron, manganese, and barium concentrations were high in the liquid phase of the sludge, but they were reduced considerably in the solubilized extract. The hydrogen potential reduced, falling below the threshold of corrosivity, after the withdrawal of the liquid phase. Elements with concentrations higher than the maximum allowed value for inert wastes come from both the inputs used in the processing and the processed stone itself. Initiatives to segregate materials from different sources and investments for the creation of eco-products that can replace inputs, besides the use of wastes, should be encouraged to work towards sustainable production.
Comparative Computational Study of Frequency Shifts and Infrared Intensity Changes in Model Binary Complexes with Red- and Blue-Shifting Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: McDowell Sean A. C.
Published: December 2024

A computational study of X-H···Y binary hydrogen-bonded complexes was undertaken to examine the red- and blue-shifting behavior of three model X-H proton donors interacting with a series of Lewis bases: Y = NH3, NCLi, NCH, NCF, C2H2, BF, CO, N2 and Ne. Two of these proton donors, FArH and F3CH, have blue-shifting tendencies, while the third, FH, has red-shifting tendencies. A perturbation theory model for frequency shifts that was derived many years ago was employed to partition the predicted frequency shift into the sum of two components, one dependent on the second derivative of the interaction energy with respect to X-H displacement and the other dependent on the X-H bond length change in the binary complex. The predicted shifts were found to be in good agreement with standard ab initio computations, but they were obtained at much lower computational cost. The change in the infrared intensity of the X-H stretching frequency, expressed as a ratio of complex to monomer intensities, was also investigated, along with its relation to the X-H permanent dipole moment derivative and total induced dipole moment derivative with respect to X-H displacement, and used to rationalize the observed infrared intensity changes in the red- and blue-shifted X-H···Y complexes.
Novel Chlorin with a HYNIC: Synthesis, 99mTc-Radiolabeling, and Initial Preclinical Evaluation
Authors: Popov Alexander , Suvorov Nikita , Larkina Mariia , Plotnikov Evgenii , Varvashenya Ruslan , Bodenko Vitalina , Yanovich Gleb , Ostroverkhov Petr , Usachev Maxim , Filonenko Elena , Belousov Mikhail , Grin Mikhail
Published: December 2024

The use of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostics in oncology allows for the detection of the disease at an early stage. Among diagnostic radionuclides, 99mTc is a promising isotope that has been used to create several drugs for clinical use. One of the most effective 99mTc chelators is 6-hydrazinylnicotinic acid (HYNIC), which, when combined with various vector molecules, can be used for targeted delivery of radionuclides to tumor tissues. At the same time, it is known that tetrapyrrole macrocycles are capable of selective accumulation in tumors, and thus can be used to target radiopharmaceuticals with 99mTc. In this work, the conjugate of natural chlorin and HYNIC was obtained, and preliminary preclinical studies were carried out on its radiocomplex with 99mTc.
Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Sensors: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Exploration
Authors: del Bosque Antonio , Lampropoulos Georgios , Vergara Diego
Published: December 2024

Multifunctional nanocomposites have become critical components in advancing sensing technologies, owing to their exceptional integration of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. The research landscape of nanocomposites for sensing applications from 2002 to 2024 is examined in this bibliometric review. It identifies key trends, influential works, prominent research areas, and global collaboration networks. This study highlights the creative significance of materials like metal–organic frameworks, carbon-based nanocomposites, and MXenes, which have been instrumental in advances, especially in hybrid systems that improve robustness and sensitivity. Offering an in-depth perspective on current research directions and emerging topics, this review explores areas like eco-friendly nanocomposites and additive manufacturing. Highlighting the relevance of biodegradable materials in supporting global sustainability efforts, it provides insights into future opportunities for advancing multifunctional nanocomposites in sensing technologies.
Correction: Baláž et al. Mechanochemistry as an Alternative Method of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity: A Comparative Study. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1139
Authors: Baláž Matej , Bedlovičová Zdenka , Daneu Nina , Siksa Patrik , Sokoli Libor , Tkáčiková Ľudmila , Salayová Aneta , Džunda Róbert , Kováčová Mária , Bureš Radovan , Bujňáková Zdenka Lukáčová
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Utilizing Indonesian Empty Palm Fruit Bunches: Biochar Synthesis via Temperatures Dependent Pyrolysis
Authors: Nugroho Fairuz Gianirfan , Ansari Abu Saad , Rochman Nurul Taufiqu , Khadtare Shubhangi Satish , Sree Vijaya Gopalan , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Hafiyyan Afina Faza , Im Hyunsik , Ahmed Abu Talha Aqueel
Published: December 2024

Biomass, though a major energy source, remains underutilized. Biochar from biomass pyrolysis, with its high porosity and surface area, is especially useful as catalyst support, enhancing catalytic activity and reducing electron recombination in photocatalysis. Indonesia, the world’s top palm oil producer, generated around 12 million tons of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) in 2023, making EFBs a promising biochar source. This study synthesizes biochar from leftover EFB fibers at 500, 800, and 1000 °C, analyzing structural changes via infrared and Raman spectroscopy, along with particle size and surface area analysis, laying the groundwork for future biochar research. The smallest particle size and highest surface area gained was 71.1 nm and 10.6 × 102 m2/g. Spectroscopic analysis indicates that biochar produced at 1000 °C has produced nano-crystalline graphite with a crystallite size of approximately 5.47 nm. This provides higher defect density, although with lower conductivity. Other studies indicate that our biochar can be used as catalyst support for various green energy-related applications, i.e., counter electrodes, electrocatalysts, and photocatalysts.
The Effect of Molten Salt Composition on Carbon Structure: Preparation of High Value-Added Nano-Carbon Materials by Electrolysis of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Cheng Yi , Li Liangxing , Xue Lirong , Wu Jiahang , Wang Jingsong , Huang Xilin , Liao Chunfa
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical conversion of CO2 into high value-added carbon materials by molten salt electrolysis offers a promising solution for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This study focuses on investigating the influence of molten salt composition on the structure of CO2 direct electroreduction carbon products in chloride molten salt systems. Using CaO as a CO2 absorber, the adsorption principle of CO2 in LiCl-CaCl2, LiCl-CaCl2-NaCl and LiCl-CaCl2-KCl molten salts was discussed, and the reasons for the different morphologies and structures of carbon products were analyzed, and it was found that the electrolytic efficiency of the whole process exceeded 85%. Furthermore, cathode products are analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Raman Spectra and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques with a focus on the content and morphology of carbon elements. It was observed that the carbon content in the carbon powder produced by molten salt electrochemical method exceeded 99%, with most carbon products obtained from electrolysis in the Li-Ca chloride molten salt system being in the form of carbon nanotubes. In contrast, the Li-Ca-K chloride system yielded carbon nanospheres, while a mixture was found in the Li-Ca-Na chloride system. Therefore, experimental results demonstrate that altering the composition of the system allows for obtaining the desired product size and morphology. This research presents a pathway to convert atmospheric CO2 into high value-added carbon products.
Epigenetic Modulation with 5-Aza-CdR Prevents Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Promoted by Maternal Overnutrition
Authors: Cheng Henghui , Wu Jie , Peng Hui , Li Jiangyuan , Liu Zhimin , Wang Xian , Zhang Ke , Xie Linglin
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study builds on previous findings from mouse models, which showed that maternal overnutrition induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in offspring, linked to global DNA hypermethylation. We explored whether epigenetic modulation with 5-Aza-CdR, a DNA methylation inhibitor, could prevent MAFLD in offspring exposed to maternal overnutrition. Methods: The offspring mice from dams of maternal overnutrition were fed either a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. These mice were randomly divided into two groups: HFD, and AZA + HFD. Mice assigned to the AZA group were given 5-Aza-CdR during the last three weeks. Results: Our findings show that 5-Aza-CdR treatment in HFD-fed offspring effectively countered weight gain, improved glucose regulation, and minimized hepatic fat buildup along with serum lipid imbalances. Additionally, it boosted AMPK signaling and raised PPAR-α expression, pointing to enhanced fatty acid oxidation. We also detected an increase in JNK signaling, affecting the gene expression associated with cell death and proliferation. Notably, treated mice displayed more hepatic inflammation than the HFD group alone, suggesting a complex, dual impact on MAFLD management. Significant apoptotic and inflammatory gene changes were identified, along with corresponding differentially methylated regions triggered by 5-Aza-CdR, marking potential therapeutic targets. Conclusions: 5-Aza-CdR was shown to mitigate MAFLD features in offspring of maternal overnutrition by reversing DNA hypermethylation and improving metabolic pathways, though its dual impact on inflammation highlights the need for further research to optimize its therapeutic potential.
Body Mass Index and Weight Change as Predictors of Hypertension Development: A Sex-Specific Analysis
Authors: Kosami Koki , Kuwabara Masanari , Okayama Akira , Ae Ryusuke
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Obesity is associated with food intake, drinking, and nutrition. It is necessary to examine the association between body mass index (BMI), body weight changes, and the incidence of hypertension, focusing on potential sex differences. Methods: A retrospective two-point cohort study was conducted using data from the Japanese Specific Health Checkup program from 2011 to 2013. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess associations between BMI, weight change, and hypertension onset, adjusting for age, sex, and lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, and exercise. Results: In total, 397,181 participants were analyzed. A higher BMI was linked to a higher risk of hypertension, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.12) for both sexes. Women aged 40–65 showed higher ORs than men. Weight gain was associated with developing hypertension, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.09 (1.09–1.10) in men and 1.08 (1.07–1.08) in women. This association held across all BMI levels, even among individuals without obesity, with the effect being generally stronger in men. Conclusions: Both BMI and weight change contribute to the development of hypertension among the Japanese healthy population, with differences based on sex. Weight reduction may reduce the risk of hypertension for individuals with and without obesity, emphasizing the importance of weight stability through food and nutrition control, particularly for women.
Nutrition Knowledge and Perceived Dietary Requirements of Adolescent Student-Athletes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jagim Andrew R. , Merfeld Brandon R. , Ambrosius Abby , Carpenter Makenna , Fields Jennifer B. , Jones Margaret T.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Adherence to sports-specific nutritional guidelines can help optimize athlete performance and health. However, adolescent athletes may not have adequate nutrition knowledge and understanding of specific nutritional requirements. The objective of the current study was to examine the nutrition knowledge and perceived dietary requirements of adolescent athletes. Methods: Male (n = 29, age: 15.7 ± 1.3 yrs.; height: 178.9 ± 8.3 cm; body mass: 74.7 ± 17.2 kg; body fat %: 13.9 ± 7.9%) and female (n = 15, age: 16.5 ± 1.4 yrs.; height: 169.9 ± 6.5 cm; body mass: 63.3 ± 4.5 kg; body fat %: 23.7 ± 3.8%) secondary school student-athletes completed body composition testing (hydrostatic weighing) and electronic surveys (Abridged Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (ASNKQ); self-perception of dietary energy and macronutrient requirements). Results: Athletes demonstrated poor sports nutrition knowledge, with no differences observed between sexes for the number of questions answered correctly (males: 45.1 ± 9.8% vs. females: 43.1 ± 12.7%; p = 0.57). No relationships were observed between ASNKQ scores and body composition parameters or between ASNKQ scores and self-reported perception of dietary energy and macronutrient requirements (p > 0.05). Athletes self-reported a lower perceived energy (−560 ± 1272 kcal/d; p = 0.014) and carbohydrate intake (−73 ± 376 g/d; p = 0.014) requirement compared to calculated nutritional recommendations. Athletes self-reported a higher perceived protein intake (263 ± 586 g/d; p = 0.026) requirement compared to calculated nutritional requirements. Conclusions: The current sample of adolescent athletes from the secondary school level appears to have a poor level of sports nutrition knowledge and understanding of energy and macronutrient requirements.
Can Magnoflorine Improve Memory? Immunohistochemical Studies on Parvalbumin Immunoreactive Neurons and Fibers of Mice Hippocampus
Authors: Szalak Radosław , Komar Małgorzata , Kowalczuk-Vasilev Edyta , Kruk-Slomka Marta , Zagórska Justyna , Arciszewski Marcin B. , Dziedzic Marcin , Koch Wojciech , Kukula-Koch Wirginia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: We assessed the influence of long-term injection of magnoflorine (MAG) on memory acquisition in mice for the first time. Methods: This isoquinoline alkaloid that belongs to the aporphines was isolated from the roots of Berberis vulgaris by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) using a biphasic solvent system composed of chloroform: methanol: water in the ratio 4:3:3 (v/v/v) with 20 mM of hydrochloric acid and triethylamine, within 64 min. Results: Our results indicated that long-term injection of MAG 20 mg/kg dose improve the long-term memory acquisition in mice that were evaluated in the passive avoidance (PA) test with no toxicity records. The analysis of brain lysates and animal plasma by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS showed the ability of the compound to cross the blood–brain barrier, and an elevated level of phosphatidylcholine PC (14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z)) with the molecular formula of C36H69NO8P was observed in both treated groups with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg MAG in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: This phenomenon may explain MAG’s cognition-enhancing properties as the PC may induce the synthesis and strengthening of neuronal cells. Also, the 7-day-long administration of MAG at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg increased the mean number of parvalbumin (PV)-IR neurons in the hippocampus. Statistically, the largest PV-IR neurons were observed at the 20 mg/kg dose, which may indicate a potential effect of MAG on Ca2+ metabolism. However, no statistical differences were observed in the mean number of PV-IR nerve fibers in both doses of MAG, regardless of the hippocampal fields. This positive effect of MAG on hippocampal neurons provides further support for the neuroprotective effect of this alkaloid.
Dietary Influences on Gut Microbiota and Their Role in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Authors: Hamamah Sevag , Iatcu Oana C. , Covasa Mihai
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major contributor to liver-related morbidity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic complications. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise, are first line in treating MASLD. Dietary approaches such as the low-glycemic-index Mediterranean diet, the ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, and high fiber diets have demonstrated potential in addressing the metabolic dysfunction underlying this condition. The development and progression of MASLD are closely associated with taxonomic shifts in gut microbial communities, a relationship well-documented in the literature. Given the importance of diet as a primary treatment for MASLD, it is important to understand how gut microbiota and their metabolic byproducts mediate favorable outcomes induced by healthy dietary patterns. Conversely, microbiota changes conferred by unhealthy dietary patterns such as the Western diet may induce dysbiosis and influence steatotic liver disease through promoting hepatic inflammation, up-regulating lipogenesis, dysregulating bile acid metabolism, increasing insulin resistance, and causing oxidative damage in hepatocytes. Although emerging evidence has identified links between diet, microbiota, and development of MASLD, significant gaps remain in understanding specific microbial roles, metabolite pathways, host interactions, and causal relationships. Therefore, this review aims to provide mechanistic insights into the role of microbiota-mediated processes through the analysis of both healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and their contribution to MASLD pathophysiology. By better elucidating the interplay between dietary nutrients, microbiota-mediated processes, and the onset and progression of steatotic liver disease, this work aims to identify new opportunities for targeted dietary interventions to treat MASLD efficiently.
The Impacts of Programs and Policies to Address Food Insecurity: An Analysis of Change in Income
Authors: Nelson Eva , Hicks Jacqueline Milton , Keung Lok Hang Kristina , Rhoads Elizabeth , Mascary Jemima , Greece Jacey A.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This paper examines hunger over time to analyze how food insecurity is impacted by reduced income, including household funding from the government. Federal policies and community-based programs have the ability to prevent increases in food insecurity, particularly for populations that have risk factors, such as households with children; single-parent households; low-income households, especially those in rural areas; Black and Hispanic households; and, households experiencing economic hardships. Methods: This study is bas ed on a cross-sectional survey that was administered in 2018 and 2019 to food pantry clients, an already food insecure population accessing resources, in Eastern Massachusetts. Baseline surveys were matched with a 3-month follow-up survey (n = 308) and multinomial logistic mixed effect models were used to analyze the association between change in household hunger and change in household income. Results: This study found that participants who experienced decreased income compared to no income change from baseline to follow-up had 2.16 times the odds (95% CI: 1.05, 4.46) of experiencing increased household hunger compared to no change in hunger from baseline to follow-up, after adjusting for all other covariates. Conclusions: Food insecurity in the United States remained stable during the beginning of COVID-19, despite prevalence of reduced household income. The expanded government benefits that were implemented early in the pandemic contributed to total household income, which prevented increased food insecurity. Increased food insecurity after the removal of benefits starting in 2022 indicates the importance of continuing support established during times when consistent income is compromised to prevent a delayed rise in food insecurity.
Growth, Safety and Tolerance in Infants Fed Rice Protein Hydrolysate Formula: The GRITO Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Lemoine Anaïs , Nieto-García Antonio , Nieto-Cid María , Espín-Jaime Beatriz , Mazón Ángel , Salhi Hocine , Salamouras Dimitrios , Kalach Nicolas , de Castellar-Sansó Roser , Delgado Ojeda Jesús , Navas-López Víctor Manuel
Published: December 2024

Background: Hydrolysed rice formula (HRF) is tolerated by >90% of children with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). However, concerns have been raised about potential suboptimal growth in infants fed HRF compared to those fed an extensively hydrolysed milk protein formula (eHF). Aims: To compare growth, safety and tolerance acquisition in infants with CMPA when fed HRF versus eHF. Methods: A multicentre prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge trial was conducted with infants with CMPA. The infants received either HRF or eHF over a 12-month follow-up period. The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline over the study period in weight-for-length expressed as a Z-score. The secondary outcomes were other anthropometric measurements, tolerability and adverse events (AEs). Results: In total, 105 children were enrolled. The weight-for-length measurements were −0.01 (HRF) and −0.29 (eHF) at baseline and 0.29 and 0.05, respectively, at the last visit, with no significant between-group difference (p = 0.28; mixed-effects model). The Z-scores for other anthropometric variables indicated normal growth, with no significant between-group differences. In total, 29 potentially product-related AEs were reported (12 in the HRF group and 17 in the eHF group). A trend was observed toward a faster acquisition of tolerance in the HRF group (median age: 20.4 months) compared to the eHF group (16.3 months), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.18). Conclusions: HRF demonstrated appropriate growth, acquisition of tolerance and a good safety profile in infants with CMPA, with no significant differences versus eHF. HRF could be considered as an appropriate option in the management of CMPA.
Diversity and Multiple Infections of Bartonella in Red Deer and Deer Keds
Authors: Hammerbauerová Iva , Richtrová Eva , Kybicová Kateřina , Pajer Petr , Votýpka Jan
Published: December 2024

Bartonellae are zoonotic pathogens with a broad range of reservoir hosts and vectors. To examine sylvatic Bartonella reservoirs, tissue samples of red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 114) and their associated deer keds (Lipoptena cervi, n = 50; L. fortisetosa, n = 272) collected in the Czech Republic were tested for the presence of Bartonella using PCR at four loci (gltA, rpoB, nuoG, ITS); PCR sensitivity was increased significantly by using primers modified for the detection of wildlife-associated bartonellae. One-third of the deer and 70% of the deer keds were Bartonella positive; within the tested animal tissues, usually the spleen was positive. The most prevalent Bartonella represents an undescribed species related to isolates from Japanese sika deer and L. fortisetosa. Additionally, B. schoenbuchensis sensu lato and B. bovis were found, together making up 17 genotypes characterized by multi-locus sequence typing, all unique compared to previously published sequences. Nanopore sequencing of selected samples revealed an additional 14 unique Bartonella genotypes, with up to six genotypes co-infecting one deer, highlighting the diversity of ruminant Bartonella. The high COI variety of examined L. cervi and L. fortisetosa suggests L. fortisetosa in central Europe is not a homogenous invasive population.
The Evaluation of Antibacterial Coatings Against Commonly Found Pathogenic Bacteria in the Environment—Implications for Environmental Safety and Infection Prevention
Authors: Chen Wei-Chuan , Ho Mei-Hsiu , Yuan Shin-Huan , Chou Hui-Wen , Chang Chi-Chuan , Chen Chih-Hung , Lin Yusen Eason
Published: December 2024

Microorganisms, including pathogens that cause skin, respiratory, and urinary tract infections, are widespread in our environment. Despite routine cleaning with bleach and disinfectants, the transmission of pathogens still occurs, leading to potential infectious diseases. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of two coating formulas against common environmental pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibacterial coatings exhibited efficacy against these pathogens, with a bacterial reduction rate (R) greater than two, even after prolonged bleach cleaning. However, UV exposure may affect the efficacy of such coatings. The antibacterial coatings can eliminate the need for repetitive consumption of toxic detergents and reduce cleaning manpower, making them an environmentally friendly product for safety control and infection prevention.
Anti-Inflammatory, Antithrombotic, and Antioxidant Properties of Amphiphilic Lipid Bioactives from Shrimp
Authors: Tsoupras Alexandros , Cholidis Paschalis , Kranas Dimitrios , Galouni Evangelia Aikaterini , Ofrydopoulou Anna , Efthymiopoulos Pavlos , Shiels Katie , Saha Sushanta Kumar , Kyzas George Z. , Anastasiadou Chryssa
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Marine organisms, including shrimps, have gained research interest due to containing an abundance of bioactive lipid molecules.This study evaluated the composition and the in vitro biological activities of amphiphilic bioactive compounds from four different wild shrimp species: Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus kerathurus, Aristaeomorpha foliacea, and Parapenaeus longirostris. Methods: Total lipid (TL) extracts were obtained from shrimp and separated into total amphiphilic (TAC) and total lipophilic (TLC) compounds. Phenolic (TPC) and carotenoid (TCC) contents, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assays), and biological effects on platelet-activating factor (PAF) and ADP-induced platelet activation were evaluated. Structural analyses were performed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, while LC-MS was used to elucidate the fatty acid composition and overall structure of polar lipids (PLs) present in shrimp TAC extracts. Results: TAC extracts, rich in phenolics, carotenoids, PL, and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities compared with TLC extracts, which showed potent antioxidant capacity. Significant amounts of UFAs, such as the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) oleic acid (C18:1n9) and omega-3 (n3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n3), were detected in the PLs of shrimp TAC extracts, with favorable anti-inflammatory values for their n6/n3 PUFA ratio. Shrimp amphiphilic bioactives present in the TAC extracts provide anti-inflammatory effects against the PAF pathway and antithrombotic effects against ADP and eicosanoid pathways. Conclusions: The overall findings support further study on the use of shrimp extracts rich in anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and antioxidant amphiphilic bioactives as ingredients to produce new bio-functional health-promoting products, in the context of sustainable development and circular economy.
Uncovering the Mechanism of Action of Antiprotozoal Agents: A Survey on Photoaffinity Labeling Strategy
Authors: Giraudo Alessandro , Bolchi Cristiano , Pallavicini Marco , Di Santo Roberto , Costi Roberta , Saccoliti Francesco
Published: December 2024

Plasmodium, Leishmania, and Trypanosoma parasites are responsible for infectious diseases threatening millions of people worldwide. Despite more recent efforts devoted to the search for new antiprotozoal agents, efficacy, safety, and resistance issues still hinder the development of suited therapeutic options. The lack of robustly validated targets and the complexity of parasite’s diseases have made phenotypic screening a preferential drug discovery strategy for the identification of new chemical entities. However, via this approach, no information on biological target(s) and mechanisms of action of compounds are provided. Among the target deconvolution strategies useful to fill this gap, photoaffinity labeling (PAL) has emerged as one of most suited to enable investigation in a complex cellular environment. More recently, PAL has been exploited to unravel the molecular basis of bioactive compounds’ function in live parasites, allowing elucidation of the mechanism of action of both approved drugs and new chemical entities. Besides highlighting new potential drug targets, PAL can provide valuable information on efficacy and liabilities of small molecules at the molecular level, which could be exploited to greatly facilitate the rational optimization of compounds in terms of potency and safety. In this review, we will report the most recent studies that have leveraged PAL to disclose the biological targets and mechanism of action of phenotypically active compounds targeting kinetoplastid diseases (i.e., human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease) and malaria. Moreover, we will comment on potential perspectives that this innovative approach can provide in aiding the discovery and development of new antiprotozoal drugs.
Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn. Attenuates Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis: A Network Pharmacology Investigation of Its Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
Authors: Kim Sung Wook , Jeong Soo Hyun , Kim Jong Uk , Kim Mi Hye , Lee Wonwoong , Lee Cheol-Jung , Yook Tae Han , Yang Gabsik
Published: December 2024

Background: Monosodium urate crystal accumulation in the joints is the cause of gout, an inflammatory arthritis that is initiated by elevated serum uric acid levels. It is the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis, affecting millions worldwide, and requires effective treatments. The necessity for alternatives with fewer side effects is underscored by the frequent adverse effects of conventional therapies, such as urate-lowering drugs. IL-1β is a potential therapeutic target due to its significant role in the inflammatory response induced by MSU. Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn. (ZP), a shrub that possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, has demonstrated potential in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Methods: For anti-inflammatory properties of ZP, Raw264.7 cell stimulated LPS were treated ZP and using RNA-seq with Bone marrow derived macrophage, we observed to change inflammatory gene. Pharmacological networks were conducted to select target gene associated with ZP. For in vivo, mice were injected MSU in footpad for induce gouty arthritis model. The components of ZP were analyzed using GC-MS, and distilled extracts of ZP (deZP) were prepared. Results: In vitro, deZP decreased inflammatory cytokines. However, in vivo, it also decreased paw thickness and IL-1β levels. The anti-inflammatory effects of deZP are believed to be mediated through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, as indicated by RNA sequencing and network pharmacology analyses. Conclusions: ZP has an anti-inflammatory effect and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo. Further research, including clinical trials, is required to confirm the safety of deZP, determine the optimal dosing, and evaluate its long-term effects.
Sulforaphane Wrapped in Self-Assembled Nanomicelle Enhances the Effect of Sonodynamic Therapy on Glioma
Authors: Li Yihong , Yang Xuejie , Wei Zhen , Niu Heng , Wu Liyang , Chen Caijing , Liu Huina , Cai Ting , Fan Huadong
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The two obstacles for treating glioma are the skull and the blood brain–barrier (BBB), the first of which forms a physical shield that increases the difficulties of traditional surgery or radiotherapy, while the latter prevents antitumor drugs reaching tumor sites. To conquer these issues, we take advantage of the high penetrating ability of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), combined with a novel nanocomplex that can easily pass the BBB. Methods: Through ultrasonic polymerization, the amphiphilic peptides (C18GR7RGDS) were self-assembled as a spherical shell encapsulating a sonosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) and a plant-derived compound, sulforaphane (SFN), to form the nanocomplex SFN@RB@SPM. Results/Conclusions: SFN@RB@SPM can be internalized by the glioma cells through the tumor-targeting motif RGDS (abbreviated for the peptide sequence composed of arginine, glycine, aspartic acid, and serine), and further executes antitumor function during SDT. Also, SFN@RB@SPM could be easily taken up by U87-MG cells and cross the BBB in glioma-bearing mice during SDT. The mechanism investigation revealed that, compared with the SFN-free nanocomplex (RB@SPM), SFN@RB@SPM induced much more apoptosis of U87-MG cells in an ROS-dependent manner through the depletion of glutathione by SFN and the cavitation effect by SDT. In animal experiments, besides a significant reduction in tumor volume and a delay in losing body weight, H&E staining showed a massive infiltration of neutrophils adjacent to the tumor sites, indicating this novel nanocomplex SFN@RB@SPM can synergistically augment SDT efficacy, partially by enhancing the antitumor function of innate immunity.
Safety and Intranasal Retention of a Broad-Spectrum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody SA55 Nasal Spray in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Hu Chaoying , Zhou Yibo , Meng Xing , Li Jianhua , Chen Jinxia , Ying Zhifang , Xie Xiaoliang Sunney , Hu Yaling , Cao Yunlong , Jin Ronghua
Published: December 2024

Background: A broad-spectrum anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), SA55, is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants. This trial aimed at demonstrating the safety, tolerability, local drug retention and neutralizing activity, systemic exposure level, and immunogenicity of the SA55 nasal spray in healthy individuals. Methods: This phase I, dose-escalation clinical trial combined an open-label design with a randomized, controlled, double-blind design. Healthy participants aged 18–65 years were enrolled and received a single dose of the SA55 nasal spray (1 mg or 2 mg) or multiple doses of SA55 nasal spray/placebo for 7 days (1 or 2 mg/dose, 3 or 6 doses/day). Safety monitoring was conducted throughout the study. Nasal swabs and venous blood samples were collected to analyze local drug concentration/neutralization, systemic exposure, and immunogenicity. Results: From 2 June to 11 August 2023, 80 participants were enrolled and received study intervention. The severity of adverse reactions (ADRs) reported during the study was mild in all cases, and all ADRs were laboratory test abnormalities without corresponding symptoms or vital signs. A total of 9 ADRs were reported, of which all were mild in severity. Overall ADR incidence rate was 16.67% (8/48) in single-dose groups and 4.17% (1/24) in multiple-dose groups. The nasal local drug concentration and neutralizing activity were generally stable within 4–8 h, with favorable neutralization activity against Omicron BF.7 and XBB strains. Conclusions: This study demonstrated favorable safety and tolerability of the SA55 nasal spray in healthy volunteers, exhibited satisfactory neutralizing activity against Omicron variants intranasally, and indicated low systemic toxicity risk.
Modeling Innovations: Levels of Complexity in the Discovery of Novel Scientific Methods
Authors: Ferraz-Caetano José
Published: December 2024

Scientists often disagree on the best theory to describe a scientific event. While such debates are a natural part of healthy scientific discourse, the timeframe for scientists to converge on an ideal method may not always align with real-life knowledge dynamics. In this article, I use an event from the history of chemistry as inspiration to develop Agent-Based Models of epistemic networks, exploring method selection within a scientific community. These models reveal several situations where incorrect, simpler methods can persist, even when substantial evidence supports a more complex method. This becomes particularly evident when different evidence-sharing timeframes are analyzed. The network structure connecting the scientists plays a crucial role in determining how and when convergence on the correct method is achieved, guided by real-world evidence. This framework provides a foundation for further exploration of scientists’ behavior in past and future discoveries, as well as how agents internalize scientific information.
Comparative Assessment of the Influence of Various Time Intervals upon the Linear Accuracy of Regular, Scannable, and Transparent Vinyl Polysiloxane-Based Bite Registration Materials for Indirect Dental Restoration Fabrication
Authors: Alqarawi Firas K. , AL-Makramani Bandar M. A. , Gangadharappa Praveen , Mattoo Khurshid , Hadi Maryam , Alamri Mohammad , Alsubaiy Ebrahim Fihaid , Alqahtani Saeed M. , Sayed Mohammed E.
Published: December 2024

Interocclusal records (IORs) created with bite registration materials (BRMs) accurately reflect the opposing teeth’s physiological and anatomical associations in digital and traditional dentistry. This study assessed the linear dimensional accuracy of vinyl polysiloxane-based scannable and transparent BRMs over obligatory clinical time intervals (1, 24, 72, and 168 h/s). A total of 3 scannable [Flexitime Bite, Occlufast CAD, Virtual CADBite] and 3 transparent [Maxill Bite, Charmflex Bite, Defend ClearBite] VPS-based BRMs were divided into 28 subgroups by time interval: 1, 24, 72, and 168 h/s. Stereomicroscope measurements of 420 standardised disk-shaped specimens with three distinct linear distances between crossing vertical and horizontal lines were taken. Comparisons with the conventional BRM determined the scannable and transparent BRMs’ accuracy, while comparisons with die dimensions yielded linear dimensional changes. Statistical analysis used median rank scores, interquartile range, and median. Using a one-way ANOVA rank and Dunn test, differences were assessed between and within groups at a probability ‘p’ value of 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05). Mean linear dimensions for CAD and transparent IOR materials were [−0.06 (−0.24%) to −0.15 (−0.6%)] and [−0.06 (0.24%) to −0.10 (0.40%)] millimetres, respectively. Virtual CADBite and Maxill Bite had the lowest linear disagreement after 1 h, but both showed significant variations at 7 days. Other commercial brands maintained their clinically acceptable linear accuracy (0.11). Flexitime Bite (CAD) was the sole material with a linear accuracy above the clinical threshold. IOR shrinkage reduced the linear dimensions in all materials. Until 7 days, all IOR materials except Flexitime bite (CAD) were clinically correct. Virtual CADBite and Maxill bite changed significantly during 1 h and 7 days.