bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3
Authors: Mattern M. , Pudell J.-E. , Laskin G. , von Reppert A. , Bargheer M.
Published: March 2021

We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.
Adsorption dynamics of bifunctional molecules: Allyl methyl ether on Si(001)
Authors: Bohamud Tamam , Höfer Ulrich , Dürr Michael
Published: March 2021

The reaction dynamics of allyl methyl ether (AME) on Si(001) was studied by means of molecular beam techniques. The reaction of this bifunctional molecule comprising an ether and an alkene group was found to proceed via an intermediate state as deduced from the temperature dependence of the initial sticking probability s0. At constant surface temperature Ts, s0 decreases continuously with increasing kinetic energy Ekin, indicating a non-activated adsorption channel. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the energy dependence is almost identical to the adsorption dynamics of diethyl ether on Si(001). We attribute this to a similar nature of the intermediate state, which largely determines the adsorption dynamics. In consequence, this indicates a predominant role of the ether group and a minor influence of the C=C double bond on the adsorption dynamics of AME on Si(001).
Within-unit bed moves in a short-stay in-patient unit are associated with increased falls
Authors: Kin Kok Mui , Vlaskovsky Philip , Low Evelyn , Shim Rae , Lian Alwin
Published: March 2021

Objective This study evaluated a patient’s likelihood of a fall using information available at the time of presentation to a short-stay acute medical unit (AMU) with a high patient turnover rate and estimated the effect of within-unit bed moves on the occurrence of in-patient falls. Methods This study was a 3-year retrospective cross-sectional study of 28 713 consecutive admissions comparing patients who fell and patients who did not fall. Factors assessed included premorbid falls risk factors, presenting issues and within-unit bed moves. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with patients who fell. Each admission was treated as a unit of measure. Results Of 28 713 admissions, 182 (0.6%) involved at least one fall event. The fall rate was 5.67 falls per 1000 occupied bed days. Premorbid cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) 4.88), a presenting issue of confusion (OR 2.92) and a fall immediately before admission (OR 2.49) were associated with patients who fell (all P < 0.001). Each bed move corresponded to a 27% increase in the odds of a fall (OR 1.27; P = 0.027). Conclusion Premorbid cognitive impairment was the strongest risk factor for an in-patient fall on the unit. Within-unit bed moves significantly increased the risk of an in-patient fall and should be minimised. What is known about the topic? In-patient falls can cause significant patient harm at cost to the health system. There is limited research examining the association between within-unit bed moves and falls in a short-stay AMU. What does this paper add? Care in the short-stay AMU is complex and the number of bed moves is a modifiable factor that can reduce a patient’s risk of an in-patient fall. What are the implications for practitioners? Bed moves need to be minimised, especially for patients with cognitive impairment. If bed moves are inevitable, operational plans can be designed to mitigate the increased risk caused by these moves.
Corrigendum to: Using global navigation satellite system data for real-time moisture analysis and forecasting over the Australian region I. The system
Authors: Le Marshall John , Norman Robert , Howard David , Rennie Susan , Moore Michael , Kaplon Jan , Xiao Yi , Zhang Kefei , Wang Carl , Cate Ara , Lehmann Paul , Wang Xiaoming , Steinle Peter , Tingwell Chris , Le Tan , Rohm Witold , Ren Diandong
Published: March 2021

The use of high spatial and temporal resolution data assimilation and forecasting around Australia’s capital cities and rural land provided an opportunity to improve moisture analysis and forecasting. To support this endeavour, RMIT University and Geoscience Australia worked with the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) to provide real-time GNSS (global navigation satellite system) zenith total delay (ZTD) data over the Australian region, from which a high-resolution total water vapour field for SE Australia could be determined. The ZTD data could play an important role in high-resolution data assimilation by providing mesoscale moisture data coverage from existing GNSS surface stations over significant areas of the Australian continent. The data were used by the BoM’s high-resolution ACCESS-C3 capital city numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems, the ACCESS-G3 Global system and had been used by the ACCESS-R2-Regional NWP model. A description of the data collection and analysis system is provided. An example of the application of these local GNSS data for a heavy rainfall event over SE Australia/Victoria is shown using the 1.5-km resolution ACCESS-C3 model, which was being prepared for operational use. The results from the test were assessed qualitatively, synoptically and also examined quantitatively using the Fractions Skills Score which showed the reasonableness of the forecasts and demonstrated the potential for improving rainfall forecasts over south-eastern Australia by the inclusion of ZTD data in constructing the moisture field. These data have been accepted for operational use in NWP.
“You keep telling us different things, what do we believe?”
Authors: Musolff Andreas
Published: March 2021

Quotation and reflective interpretation of previous statements are common features in police interviews. Of particular importance is the uncovering of apparent contradictions between earlier and current responses in interviews of suspects. Conflicting statements can be used by officers as triggers to elicit new responses that explain inconsistencies. In linguistic pragmatics, such reflective commenting on utterances is categorised as metacommunication, i.e. ‘communication about communication’, which includes metarepresentation, i.e. second-order representation of another representation through some form of quotation. Such instances of metacommunication are key instances of negotiating the communicative interests of its chief participants, which in suspect interviews consist on the one hand in the interviewers’ purpose of establishing grounds for a potential criminal charge and, on the other hand, the interviewee’s interest in avoiding such a charge. This article analyses exemplary cases of metacommunication in multilingual police interviews from the perspective of quotation pragmatics. The results suggest that police interview training should pay special attention to this area in order to optimise cognitive results.
Rapport-building in suspects’ police interviews
Authors: Pounds Gabrina
Published: March 2021

Both research and police guidelines acknowledge the value of rapport-building in police interview with suspects
(ISs) and provide some insight into how ‘rapport’ may be defined and built in this context. Rapport is, however, difficult to
operationalise and assess in practice, other than for the routine legal clarification offered to suspects at the beginning of the
interview. This chapter takes an original discourse-pragmatic and ethnographic approach to investigating the forms that rapport
takes in a sample of authentic ISs, with particular reference to two dimensions, empathy and face. The article discusses the value
and suitability of the identified empathic and ‘face’-relevant expressions with respect to current interview aims and practice.
The discussion highlights the underlying bi-functionality of rapport in ISs, demonstrating how the two functions may be reconciled in police interview training and practice.
Attitudes Toward and Experiences Working with Patients who Misuse Opioids among Board Certified Physicians in Ohio
Authors: Dhanani Lindsay Y. , Franz Berkeley
Published: March 2021

Background

The United States has experienced substantial consequences associated with the opioid epidemic. One such consequence has been an increased need for patients who misuse opioids to interface with health care professionals. As such, it is important to understand physician attitudes toward and experiences with this patient population. The goal of this paper is to assess the extent to which physicians hold negative attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids and whether this patient population receives differential treatment.

Methods

Using a mixed methods design, we surveyed board-certified physicians in Ohio regarding their attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids as well as their observations of bias toward these patients in health care settings.

Results

Our findings suggest that negative attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids are common among physicians as were personal experiences of bias toward this patient population. We also found that physicians rationalized treating these patients differently and perceived barriers to achieving more equitable treatment. Finally, some physicians expressed a desire for additional training and resources to reduce bias.

Conclusions

Negative attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids may serve as a critical barrier to patients accessing care in areas heavily affected by the U.S. opioid epidemic.
New design of gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Jaén Xavier , Talavera P
Published: March 2021

We propose a novel approach to detect gravitational waves based on a semi-rigid detector. The approach relies upon the time delay that the light takes to travel from a fixed mirror at the end of a rigid bar to a nearby free mirror. We show that the dimensions of the experimental device can be shortened in comparison to the conventional ones based on two free mirrors.
The tortoise and the hare: a causality puzzle in AdS/CFT
Authors: Berenstein David , Grabovsky David
Published: March 2021

We pose and resolve a holographic puzzle regarding an apparent violation of causality in anti-de Sitter (AdS)/conformal field theory. If a point in the bulk of AdS moves at the speed of light, the boundary subregion that encodes it may need to move superluminally to keep up. With AdS3 as our main example, we prove that the finite extent of the encoding regions prevents a paradox. We show that the length of the minimal-size encoding interval gives rise to a tortoise coordinate on AdS that measures the nonlocality of the encoding. We use this coordinate to explore circular and radial motion in the bulk before passing to the analysis of bulk null geodesics. For these null geodesics, there is always a critical encoding where the possible violation of causality is barely avoided. We show that in any other encoding, the possible violation is subcritical.
Heat conduction in carrots studied with an IR-camera
Authors: Hanisch C , Ziese M
Published: March 2021

Heat conduction and diffusion are important phenomena for the understanding of many physical, chemical and biological processes. In physics education these topics are an area to effectively relate the complexity of the mathematical description with modern experimental techniques that enable students to conduct their own research projects. In this work an infrared (IR) camera was used to image temperature profiles of carrot cross-sections after boiling. Using modelling of the spatial and temporal evolution of the heat conduction process it was possible to extract a value of the thermal diffusivity of D = (2.3 ± 0.2) × 10−7 m2 s−1. From this a thermal conductivity κ = (0.9 ± 0.1) W m−1 K−1 was calculated. The heat transfer coefficients between water and carrot of h
W = (333 ± 50) W m−2 K−1 and between air and carrot of h
A = (7 ± 1) W m−2 K−1 were determined. This experiment could be potentially used as an experiment in the general physics or in the advanced physics laboratory in the second or third year.
Simultaneous inversion of the potential term and the fractional orders in a multi-term time-fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Sun L L , Li Y S , Zhang Y
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, we devote our effort to a nonlinear inverse problem for simultaneously recovering the potential function and the fractional orders in a multi-term time-fractional diffusion equation from the noisy boundary Cauchy data in the one-dimensional case. The uniqueness for the inverse problem is derived based on the analytic continuation, the Laplace transformation and the Gel’fand–Levitan theory. Finally, the Levenberg–Marquardt regularization method with a regularization parameter chosen by a sigmoid-type function is applied for finding a stable approximate solution. Three numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hot-phonon effects in photo-excited wide-bandgap semiconductors
Authors: Herrfurth O , Krüger E , Blaurock S , Krautscheid H , Grundmann M
Published: March 2021

Carrier and lattice relaxation after optical excitation is simulated for the prototypical wide-bandgap semiconductors CuI and ZnO. Transient temperature dynamics of electrons, holes as well as longitudinal-optic (LO), transverse-optic (TO) and acoustic phonons are distinguished. Carrier-LO-phonon interaction constitutes the dominant energy-loss channel as expected for polar semiconductors and hot-phonon effects are observed for strong optical excitation. Our results support the findings of recent time-resolved optical spectroscopy experiments.
Computational study of crystal defect formation in Mo by a machine learning molecular dynamics potential
Authors: Domínguez-Gutiérrez F J , Byggmästar J , Nordlund K , Djurabekova F , von Toussaint U
Published: March 2021

In this work, we study the damage in crystalline molybdenum material samples due to neutron bombardment in a primary knock-on atom (PKA) range of 0.5–10 keV at room temperature. We perform classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a previously derived machine learning (ML) interatomic potential based on the Gaussian approximation potential (GAP) framework. We utilize a recently developed software workflow for fingerprinting and visualizing defects in damaged crystal structures to analyze the Mo samples with respect to the formation of point defects during and after a collision cascade. As a benchmark, we report results for the total number of Frenkel pairs (a self-interstitial atom and a single vacancy) formed and atom displacements as a function of the PKA energy. A comparison to results obtained using an embedded atom method (EAM) potential is presented to discuss the advantages and limits of the MD simulations utilizing ML-based potentials. The formation of Frenkel pairs follows a sublinear scaling law as ξ

b
where b is a fitting parameter and ξ = E
PKA/E
0 with E
0 as a scaling factor. We found that the b = 0.54 for the GAP MD results and b = 0.667 for the EAM simulations. Although the average number of total defects is similar for both methods, the MD results show different atomic geometries for complex point defects, where the formation of crowdions by the GAP potential is closer to the DFT-based expectation. Finally, ion beam mixing results for GAP MD simulations are in a good agreement with experimental mixing efficiency data. This indicates that the modeling of atom relocation in cascades by machine learned potentials is suited to interpret the corresponding experimental findings.
Human exposure to radiofrequency energy above 6 GHz: review of computational dosimetry studies
Authors: Hirata Akimasa , Kodera Sachiko , Sasaki Kensuke , Gomez-Tames Jose , Laakso Ilkka , Wood Andrew , Watanabe Soichi , Foster Kenneth R
Published: March 2021

International guidelines/standards for human protection from electromagnetic fields have been revised recently, especially for frequencies above 6 GHz where new wireless communication systems have been deployed. Above this frequency a new physical quantity ‘absorbed/epithelial power density’ has been adopted as a dose metric. Then, the permissible level of external field strength/power density is derived for practical assessment. In addition, a new physical quantity, fluence or absorbed energy density, is introduced for protection from brief pulses (especially for shorter than 10 s). These limits were explicitly designed to avoid excessive increases in tissue temperature, based on electromagnetic and thermal modeling studies but supported by experimental data where available. This paper reviews the studies on the computational modeling/dosimetry which are related to the revision of the guidelines/standards. The comparisons with experimental data as well as an analytic solution are also been presented. Future research needs and additional comments on the revision will also be mentioned.
Potential of a probabilistic framework for target prediction from surrogate respiratory motion during lung radiotherapy
Authors: Remy Charlotte , Ahumada Daniel , Labine Alexandre , Côté Jean-Charles , Lachaine Martin , Bouchard Hugo
Published: March 2021

Purpose. Respiration-induced motion introduces significant positioning uncertainties in radiotherapy treatments for thoracic sites. Accounting for this motion is a non-trivial task commonly addressed with surrogate-based strategies and latency compensating techniques. This study investigates the potential of a new unified probabilistic framework to predict both future target motion in real-time from a surrogate signal and associated uncertainty. Method. A Bayesian approach is developed, based on a Kalman filter theory adapted specifically for surrogate measurements. Breathing motions are collected simultaneously from a lung target, two external surrogates (abdominal and thoracic markers) and an internal surrogate (liver structure) for 9 volunteers during 4 min, in which severe breathing changes occur to assess the robustness of the method. A comparison with an artificial non-linear neural network (NN) is performed, although no confidence interval prediction is provided. A static worst-case scenario and a simple static design are investigated. Results. Although the NN can reduce the prediction errors from thoracic surrogate in some cases, the Bayesian framework outperforms in most cases the NN when using the other surrogates: bias on predictions is reduced by 38% and 16% on average when using respectively the liver and the abdomen for the simple scenario, and by respectively 40% and 31% for the worst-case scenario. The standard deviation of residuals is reduced on average by up to 42%. The Bayesian method is also found to be more robust to increasing latencies. The thoracic marker appears to be less reliable to predict the target position, while the liver shows to be a better surrogate. A statistical test confirms the significance of both observations. Conclusion. The proposed framework predicts both the future target position and the associated uncertainty, which can be valuably used to further assist motion management decisions. Further investigation is required to improve the predictions by using an adaptive version of the proposed framework.
Synthetic CT for single-fraction neoadjuvant partial breast irradiation on an MRI-linac
Authors: Groot Koerkamp M L , de Hond Y J M , Maspero M , Kontaxis C , Mandija S , Vasmel J E , Charaghvandi R K , Philippens M E P , van Asselen B , van den Bongard H J G D , Hackett S S , Houweling A C
Published: March 2021

A synthetic computed tomography (sCT) is required for daily plan optimization on an MRI-linac. Yet, only limited information is available on the accuracy of dose calculations on sCT for breast radiotherapy. This work aimed to (1) evaluate dosimetric accuracy of treatment plans for single-fraction neoadjuvant partial breast irradiation (PBI) on a 1.5 T MRI-linac calculated on a) bulk-density sCT mimicking the current MRI-linac workflow and b) deep learning-generated sCT, and (2) investigate the number of bulk-density levels required. For ten breast cancer patients we created three bulk-density sCTs of increasing complexity from the planning-CT, using bulk-density for: (1) body, lungs, and GTV (sCTBD1); (2) volumes for sCTBD1 plus chest wall and ipsilateral breast (sCTBD2); (3) volumes for sCTBD2 plus ribs (sCTBD3); and a deep learning-generated sCT (sCTDL) from a 1.5 T MRI in supine position. Single-fraction neoadjuvant PBI treatment plans for a 1.5 T MRI-linac were optimized on each sCT and recalculated on the planning-CT. Image evaluation was performed by assessing mean absolute error (MAE) and mean error (ME) in Hounsfield Units (HU) between the sCTs and the planning-CT. Dosimetric evaluation was performed by assessing dose differences, gamma pass rates, and dose-volume histogram (DVH) differences. The following results were obtained (median across patients for sCTBD1/sCTBD2/sCTBD3/sCTDL respectively): MAE inside the body contour was 106/104/104/75 HU and ME was 8/9/6/28 HU, mean dose difference in the PTVGTV was 0.15/0.00/0.00/−0.07 Gy, median gamma pass rate (2%/2 mm, 10% dose threshold) was 98.9/98.9/98.7/99.4%, and differences in DVH parameters were well below 2% for all structures except for the skin in the sCTDL. Accurate dose calculations for single-fraction neoadjuvant PBI on an MRI-linac could be performed on both bulk-density and deep learning sCT, facilitating further implementation of MRI-guided radiotherapy for breast cancer. Balancing simplicity and accuracy, sCTBD2 showed the optimal number of bulk-density levels for a bulk-density approach.
Decreased sample entropy during sleep-to-wake transition in sleep apnea patients
Authors: Liang Xueyu , Xiong Jinle , Cao Zhengtao , Wang Xingyao , Li Jianqing , Liu Chengyu
Published: March 2021

Objective. This study aimed to prove that there is a sudden change in the human physiology system when switching from one sleep stage to another and physical threshold-based sample entropy (SampEn) is able to capture this transition in an RR interval time series from patients with disorders such as sleep apnea. Approach. Physical threshold-based SampEn was used to analyze different sleep-stage RR segments from sleep apnea subjects in the St. Vincents University Hospital/University College Dublin Sleep Apnea Database, and SampEn differences were compared between two consecutive sleep stages. Additionally, other standard heart rate variability (HRV) measures were also analyzed to make comparisons. Main results. The findings suggested that the sleep-to-wake transitions presented a SampEn decrease significantly larger than intra-sleep ones (P < 0.01), which outperformed other standard HRV measures. Moreover, significant entropy differences between sleep and subsequent wakefulness appeared when the previous sleep stage was either S1 (P < 0.05), S2 (P < 0.01) or S4 (P < 0.05). Significance. The results demonstrated that physical threshold-based SampEn has the capability of depicting physiological changes in the cardiovascular system during the sleep-to-wake transition in sleep apnea patients and it is more reliable than the other analyzed HRV measures. This noninvasive HRV measure is a potential tool for further evaluation of sleep physiological time series.
Thermal instability and volume contraction in a pulsed microwave N2 plasma at sub-atmospheric pressure
Authors: Kelly Seán , van de Steeg Alex , Hughes Ashley , van Rooij Gerard , Bogaerts Annemie
Published: March 2021

We studied the evolution of an isolated pulsed plasma in a vortex flow stabilised microwave (MW) discharge in N2 at 25 mbar via the combination of 0D kinetics modelling, iCCD imaging and laser scattering diagnostics. Quenching of electronically excited N2 results in fast gas heating and the onset of a thermal-ionisation instability, contracting the discharge volume. The onset of a thermal-ionisation instability driven by vibrational excitation pathways is found to facilitate significantly higher N2 conversion (i.e. dissociation to atomic N2) compared to pre-instability conditions, emphasizing the potential utility of this dynamic in future fixation applications. The instability onset is found to be instigated by super-elastic heating of the electron energy distribution tail via vibrationally excited N2. Radial contraction of the discharge to the skin depth is found to occur post instability, while the axial elongation is found to be temporarily contracted during the thermal instability onset. An increase in power reflection during the thermal instability onset eventually limits the destabilising effects of exothermic electronically excited N2 quenching. Translational and vibrational temperature reach a quasi-non-equilibrium after the discharge contraction, with translational temperatures reaching ∼1200 K at the pulse end, while vibrational temperatures are found in near equilibrium with the electron energy (1 eV, or ∼11 600 K). This first description of the importance of electronically excited N2 quenching in thermal instabilities gives an additional fundamental understanding of N2 plasma behaviour in pulsed MW context, and thereby brings the eventual implementation of this novel N2 fixation method one step closer.
ET sensitivity to the anisotropic Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
Authors: Mentasti Giorgio , Peloso Marco
Published: March 2021

We study the sensitivity of a pair of Einstein Telescopes (ET) (hypothetically located at the two sites currently under consideration for ET) to the anisotropies of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB). We focus on the ℓ =0,2,4 multipoles of an expansion of the SGWB in spherical harmonics, since the sensitivity to other multipoles is suppressed due to the fact that this pair of detector operates in a regime for which the product between the observed frequency and the distance between the two sites is much smaller than one. In this regime, the interferometer overlap functions for the anisotropic signal acquire very simple analytic expressions. These expressions can also be applied to any other pairs of interferometers (each one of arbitrary opening angle between its two arms) operating in this regime. Once the measurements at the vertices of the two sites are optimally combined, the sensitivity to the multipoles of the SGWB depends only on the latitude of the two sites, on the difference of their longitude, but not on the orientation of their arms.
Efficient sampling for decision making in materials discovery*
Authors: Tian Yuan , Lookman Turab , Xue Dezhen
Published: March 2021

Accelerating materials discovery crucially relies on strategies that efficiently sample the search space to label a pool of unlabeled data. This is important if the available labeled data sets are relatively small compared to the unlabeled data pool. Active learning with efficient sampling methods provides the means to guide the decision making to minimize the number of experiments or iterations required to find targeted properties. We review here different sampling strategies and show how they are utilized within an active learning loop in materials science.
Super deformability and thermoelectricity of bulk γ-InSe single crystals*
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wu Hong , Peng Kunling , Shen Xingchen , Gong Xiangnan , Zheng Sikang , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2021

Indium selenide, a III–V group semiconductor with layered structure, attracts intense attention in various photoelectric applications, due to its outstanding properties. Here, we report super deformability and thermoelectricity of γ-InSe single crystals grown by modified Bridgeman method. The crystal structure of InSe is studied systematically by transmission electron microscopy methods combined with x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The predominate phase of γ-InSe with dense stacking faults and local multiphases is directly demonstrated at atomic scale. The bulk γ-InSe crystals demonstrate surprisingly high intrinsic super deformative ability which is highly pliable with bending strains exceeding 12.5% and 264% extension by rolling. At the meantime, InSe also possesses graphite-like features which is printable, writable, and erasable. Finally, the thermoelectric properties of γ-InSe bulk single crystals are preliminary studied and thermal conductivity can be further reduced via bending-induced defects. These findings will enrich the knowledge of structural and mechanical properties’ flexibility of InSe and shed lights on the intrinsic and unique mechanical properties of InSe polytypes.
Initial years’ neutron-induced cross-section measurements at the CSNS Back-n white neutron source *
Authors: Tang Jingyu , Liu Rong , Zhang Guohui , Ruan Xichao , Wu Xiaoguang , An Qi , Bai Jiangbo , Bao Jie , Bao Yu , Cao Ping , Chen Haolei , Chen Qiping , Chen Yonghao , Chen Zhen , Cui Zengqi , Fan Ruirui , Feng Changqing , Gan Lin , Gao Keqing , Gao Xiaolong , Gu Minhao , Han Changcai , Han Zijie , He Guozhu , He Yongcheng , Hong Yang , Hu Yiwei , Huang Hanxiong , Huang Xiru , Jiang Haoyu , Jiang Wei , Jiang Zhijie , Jing Hantao , Kang Ling , Li Bo , Li Chao , Li Jiawen , Li Qiang , Li Xiao , Li Yang , Liu Jie , Liu Minliang , Liu Shubin , Liu Xingyan , Long Ze , Luan Guangyuan , Ning Changjun , Niu Mengchen , Qi Binbin , Ren Jie , Ren Zhizhou , Song Zhaohui , Sun Kang , Sun Zhijia , Tan Zhixin , Tang Xinyi , Tian Binbin , Wang Lijiao , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Zhaohui , Wen Jie , Wen Zhongwei , Wu Xuan , Xie Likun , Yang Xiaoyun , Yang Yiwei , Yi Han , Yu Li , Yu Tao , Yu Yongji , Zhang Linhao , Zhang Qiwei , Zhang Xianpeng , Zhang Yuliang , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhou Luping , Zhou Zhihao , Zhu Kejun , (The Back-n Collaboration)
Published: March 2021

The Back-n white neutron source (known as Back-n) is based on back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). With its excellent beam properties, e.g., a neutron flux of approximately 1.8×107 n/cm2/s at 55 m from the spallation target, energy range spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV, and time-of-flight resolution of a few per thousand, along with the equipped physical spectrometers, Back-n is considered to be among the best facilities in the world for carrying out nuclear data measurements. Since its completion and commencement of operation in May 2018, five types of cross-section measurements concerning neutron capture cross-sections, fission cross-sections, total cross-sections, light charged particle emissions, in-beam gamma spectra, and more than forty nuclides have been measured. This article presents an overview of the experimental setup and result analysis on the neutron-induced cross-section measurements and gamma spectroscopy at Back-n in the initial years.
Feature Selection Using Artificial Bee Colony for Fruit Classification
Authors: Abd Alkreem Mauj Hauder , Karim Abdulamir Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Extraction of features plays a very significant part in the creation of images. Different image pre-processing methods such as banalization, thresholding, resizing, normalization are added to the captured picture before receiving functionality. After that, techniques of extraction of features are applied to obtain features that will be useful in the classification and recognition of images. This paper aims to propose a fruit classification system based on an Intelligence algorithm, the proposed framework derives extracted features using merge harries corner detection with GLCM feature extraction. After that, the important features are selected using one of the methods of artificial intelligence, where the bee colony algorithm was used. After obtaining the selected features, two powerful classifiers are merged, which are the decision tree and naïve Bayes to classify the input fruit image. This work uses the Fruit 360 dataset. Where 70 percent of the data set was used during the training phase and 30 percent used during the test phase. It was observed that the proposed approach yielded good results and the accuracy was 96 %.
Evaluating the multi-task learning approach for land use regression modelling of air pollution
Authors: Dulny Andrzej , Steininger Michael , Lautenschlager Florian , Krause Anna , Hotho Andreas
Published: March 2021

Air pollution has been linked to several health problems including heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. Modelling and analyzing this dependency requires reliable and accurate air pollutant measurements collected by stationary air monitoring stations. However, usually only a low number of such stations are present within a single city. To retrieve pollution concentrations for unmeasured locations, researchers rely on land use regression (LUR) models. Those models are typically developed for one pollutant only. However, as results in different areas have shown, modelling several related output variables through multi-task learning can improve the prediction results of the models significantly. In this work, we compared prediction results from singletask and multi-task learning multilayer perceptron models on measurements taken from the OpenSense dataset and the London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory dataset. LUR features were generated from OpenStreetMap using OpenLUR and used to train hard parameter sharing multilayer perceptron models. The results show multi-task learning with sufficient data significantly improves the performance of a LUR model.
MyTransport.SG as a new communication platform in implementing smart mobility in Singapore
Authors: Sukawan Haddad Al Rasyid , Rachmawati Rini
Published: March 2021

The development and innovation of information, communication, and technology (ICT) are the key in implementing smart mobility in Singapore to create smart and sustainable mobility. One product of them is MyTransport.SG which has website and mobile application display. This research aimed to analyze MyTransport.SG in supporting the implementation of smart mobility and to understand the role of The Government of Singapore in developing this product. This research used qualitative method and collected the data from transportation and geography journal, government publications, direct observation, and interview to LTA representative as creator and developer of MyTransport.SG. The results showed that MyTransport.SG which was launched in 2011 has provided public informations, data, and report by The Government of Singapore. MyTransport.SG website provides static and dynamic transport dataset. Another display named MyTransport.SG mobile application is developed with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) using Global Positioning System (GPS). This product needs to improve data update and information delivery to create inclusive environment and smart mobility. Beside of a new communication platform, this innovation in MyTransport.SG has implemented smart mobility in Singapore by achieving informative, interactive, assistive, and green mobility variables. Also, MyTransport.SG is included to e-services application by The Government of Singapore to provide advanced, renewable, and sustainable transportation around Singapore.
Modeling and evaluation for effectiveness of dangerous chemicals transport vehicle based on ADC model
Authors: Zhou Kan , Huang Ge , Wang Hongbo , Huang Huang
Published: March 2021

Based on the ADC model proposed by WSEIAC, this paper establishes the effectiveness evaluation index system of the dangerous chemicals transport vehicle. Then the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are combined to distribute the index weight reasonably, and the ability value is quantified to establish the ADC effectiveness evaluation model of the system. Finally, an example is given to verify the evaluation model. The results show that the effectiveness evaluation model has the feasibility and reference value of engineering application.
Social resilience to climate and water-related disasters in the Poyang Lake area (East China) over the past 2000 years
Authors: He Lei , Chen Jilong , Yang Liang Emlyn , Li Guosheng , Lu Chengfang
Published: March 2021

The largest freshwater lake in China, the Poyang Lake, experienced a long history of evolution with combined influences from both climate factors and human activities. Along with the dramatic changes of water related disasters such as flood and drought, local society developed various strategies to cope with the water problems. This paper investigated the evolution of the Poyang Lake area, the flood and drought disasters, and the society resilience using statistical analysis, spatial analysis, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Historical data on climate, population, flood and drought, water engineering, and social economics were collected to support a detailed examination of the climate-hazard-society relationships. The results indicate that: (a) the lake area was mainly influenced by the warm and rainy climate and expanded significantly before the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 AD). Since the large-scale southward population migration in the Yuan Dynasty, intensive reclamation of wetlands surrounding the lake plus the effects of a colder climate shrank the lake area sharply. (b) The frequency of water-related disasters was gradually increasing during the past 2000 years, especially since 12th century, as a result of climate change and population growth. (c) Despite significant change in climate and increasing flood and drought, local people in Poyang Lake area adopted various water engineering to prevent flood and coast training measures to protect farmland, which enabled the social surviving and continuous economic development. Social resilience in Poyang Lake was highly correlated with lake changes and associated water hazards. (d) Presently, more ecological strategies have been adopted to mitigate the risk of flood and drought at the Poyang Lake area. The study emphasizes the influences of climate and water environment and the coping activities of human society, and thus contributes to a specific understanding of resilient living with big lakes.
The Role of Artificial Lighting in Architectural Design: A Literature Review
Authors: Sholanke Anthony , Fadesere Oladimeji , Elendu Daniel
Published: March 2021

Artificial lighting design is an integral part of the building design process. However, little or no emphasis is usually placed on its importance in the initial design process, as lighting is often understood as merely the idea of illuminating spaces. This paper investigated the evolved variety of roles artificial lighting plays in architectural designs in the context of psychology and communication. Data was compiled from existing knowledge on artificial lighting techniques, tools and practices to develop a literature for better understanding of the greater capabilities of artificial lighting within the urban context. The study focused mainly on the use of artificial lighting in the 21st century, in a bid to capture the diverse roles artificial lighting plays in the built environment in recent times. The study is a qualitative research that relied strictly on data from secondary sources. A total of twenty-eight relevant publications were sourced using Google search engine via the internet. The data were content analysed, grouped in themes and presented using descriptive approach. The study revealed that artificial lighting plays important roles in delineating spaces, beautifying environments, improving workers’ productivity level, as well as serving as a tool for navigation and communication in the urban environment. The paper concluded that over the years, artificial lighting has evolved beyond spatial illumination, but now functions as a tool for passive non-verbal communication. Therefore, planning for artificial lighting should be introduced early in the design process to avoid incurring unnecessary cost and time wasting usually associated with late decision making in the building industry.
Accelerating progress on sustainable development goals: Assessing secondary school students’ knowledge of climate change actions
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni PF , Adegboye F , Oluwatobi A , Adeyemi G , Olagunju O , Okoro A , Osabuohien ES
Published: March 2021

The youth plays significant role in realising the sustainable development goals (SDGs). What young people know about the SDGs and how to engage with the SDGs can contribute significantly to the realisation of the SDGs within the shortest possible time. Specifically, climate change is central to the SDGs because of its substantial nexus with economic, social and environmental outcomes for all regions of the world. Thus, this study investigates climate change awareness among secondary school students to guide climate change mitigation strategies and practices among young people for the attainment of the SDGs. The study adopts a qualitative research approach using content analysis of the essays on climate change written and presented by students of different secondary schools in Ota, Nigeria. The analysis reveals, among other things, that the students are knowledgeable about climate change and that their schools are the most prevalent source of climate change knowledge. The most-reported climate change effect from the essays include: rise in global temperatures, melting of ice, flooding, rise in sea level, drought, extinction of terrestrial and marine life and health challenges. Common mitigation strategies suggested by the students entail awareness, tree planting, use of low carbon vehicles, use of energy-saving bulbs, reduction of carbon emissions, and recycling of waste. With adequate climate change knowledge and mitigation strategies, many young people can contribute and engage practically with the climate change discourse, thereby improving the climate change statistics in their regions and accelerating progress on the SDGs.
Users’ perception of the impact of prepaid metering on their energy consumption behaviour: A case study of Victoria Garden City, Lekki, Lagos State
Authors: Opoko A. P. , Asinobi A. A.
Published: March 2021

There is a global drive to reduce energy consumption. Consequently, many countries are adopting smart metering at the domestic level. In 2006, Nigeria commenced introduction of the electricity advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), a type of prepaid meter with some smart features. This paper examined theperceptions of domestic electricity consumers on changes in their electricity consumption behaviour since the installation of the prepaid meters in their homes. The specific objectives were to i) ascertain if there had been changes in consumers’ energy consumption behaviours, and ii) identify the most significant behavioural changes deemed to have taken place. Data for this paper was drawn from a case study involving 350 residents of the Victoria Garden City, Lagos State, Nigeria – one of the earliest residential neighbourhoods to benefit from the AMI programme in Nigeria. The quantitative research method using a questionnaire as the main data collection instrument was adopted for this research. However, it was complimented by qualitative data obtained through interviews using interview guides. The quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and was presented in tables. The qualitative data was content analysed. The study found that respondents perceived changes in their energy consumption, consciousness and behaviour since the installation of the prepaid meters in their homes. Out of the six energy consumption behaviours investigated, the three most highly ranked behaviours were switching off electrical appliances when not in use (4.32), consideration of energy rating of electrical appliances before purchases(4.26) and avoidance of use of some electrical appliances (4.17).A major implication of the findings is the need for the electricity distribution companies to encode more interactive features in the meters and support consumers with information that will guide their consumption behaviours to achieve maximum efficiency. This will entail devoting attention to research, sensitizations, feedbacks and other forms of engagement with customers.
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery using Biosurfactant produced with Hyperthermophiles isolated from Subsurface Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Okoro Emmanuel E. , Ewarezi Efajemue A. , Sanni Samuel E. , Ojo Temiloluwa , Emetere Moses E. , Omodara Julius O.
Published: March 2021

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) among other enhanced oil recovery (EOR) innovation is an important alternative approach for oil recovery when primary and secondary methods aren’t productive. The responsible factor for MEOR procedure is the microbes and their by-products like biosurfactants, biopolymers and so on, biosurfactants assume key jobs such as degradation of hydrocarbon pollutants in soil, removal of metals from soil surfaces, dispersion of inorganic minerals in mining and manufacturing processes and so on. This study is focused on the application of isolated bacteria for the production of biosurfactants. From the isolation result Bacillus Nealsonii was the identified microbe Raise (R) and it was used to for the production of biosurfactant, the broth was used as the nutrient source and kerosene was the carbon source. Then this biosurfactant was applied in the MEOR at room temperature (27°C) using a reservoir permeability tester equipment. The recovery process using this biosurfactant gave 68.42% of residual oil recovery after the primary and secondary oil recovery, thus these hyperthermophiles are good agents for MEOR.
Drought susceptibility index and correlation of soybean based on yield and yield component
Authors: Kisman  , Hemon A F , Listiana B E , Ismayanti Febri Dwi , Asrul L
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this study were to know drought susceptible and resistant varieties of soybean-based on the average value of drought susceptibility index and correlation of yield and yield components traits under drought stress condition. This study was conducted using an experimental method and was laid out using Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), two factors with three replicates of each experimental unit. Factor 1 soybean variety consists of 7 genotypes: Lawit, Sibayak, Kaba, Pangrango, Seulawah, Nanti, and Burangrang, and factor 2 drought stress condition: no drought stress (reasonable condition), drought stress during the vegetative phase, drought stress during the generative phase, and drought stress during vegetative and generative phases. Yield component traits observed were the number of pod per plant, number of empty pod per plant, number of filled pod per plant, number of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 dry seeds, and seed weight per plant. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: 1). Variety of Sibayak and Nanti, were classified as resistance to drought stress either during the vegetative phase, generative phase, or continuous drought. 2). The highly significant positive correlation of among yield and yield components of soybean under drought stress were: seed weight per plant - number of pods, seed weight per plant - number of filled pods, and seed weight per plant - number of seed per plant, while highly significant negative correlation occurred in the character of flowering date - 100 seed weight.