bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems and prospects of digital development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Goncharenko L. P. , Timoshenko G. A.
Published: October 2024

In the modern world of rapidly developing technologies, digitalization has become not just a trend, but a vital condition for the successful functioning of any business, regardless of its scale. In Russia, as in many other countries, digitalization processes have taken a leading position among development priorities. Today digitalization implies the active and widespread introduction of modern digital technologies, automation tools and innovative solutions in all areas of business, which means a transition from traditional, manual methods of work to automated processes based on digital data. Digitalization is of particular importance for the development of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is this segment of the economy that is the most dynamic, flexible and adaptable to changes in most developed countries of the world. The introduction of digital solutions in small and medium-sized businesses will improve their competitiveness, create new jobs, strengthen economic growth and make Russia more competitive at the global level. The article examines the results of a study of the state of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and the Republic of Belarus, the degree of implementation of digital technologies in small and medium-sized businesses in the two countries. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, a conclusion was made about the positive dynamics of the development of both the SME sector as a whole and the level of its digitalization, the directions of digital development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus were determined.
State of Israel – Republic of Korea relations in a historical perspective and at the present stage
Authors: Maryasis D. A. , Iakimova E. A.
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the evolution and current state of relations between the State of Israel and the Republic of Korea. It aims to uncover the key factors driving their socio-political and economic ties, and project their future interaction. Through examining Israeli and Korean sources, the research reconstructs the historical development of their relationship, highlighting key points for understanding their progress. The structure of the article meets the task of reflecting the most significant factors for the relationship between the two countries. The research methods and reviews of existing literature on the topic are considered. The retrospective analysys of the development of Israel-South Korea's political and diplomatic relations is done. It sheds light on the Arab-Israeli conflict's role as a past hurdle in their rapprochement. Moving forward, the study examines the United States' influence as a significant external factor, highlighting similarities and differences in US policy towards both nations. Finally, the analysis shifts to the economic dimension of their cooperation. Beyond exploring basic patterns in their economic ties, the study delves into their collaboration in the sphere of innovation, holding significance for both countries. The authors conclude that despite their relatively late start in collaborating, Israel and South Korea possess substantial potential for growth in their diplomatic, political, and economic relations.
Exploring You-gui Pill for the Treatment of Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction: Data Mining Analysis, Network Pharmacology and Experiments In Vitro
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Gao Yanan , Zhang Yanqiu , Sun Yue , Jiang Yue , Yang Yong , Wang Mingxing
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The You-gui pill (YGP) is a classical compound used for treating antidiabetic
erectile dysfunction (DMED). However, the specific active ingredients responsible for
its effects on DMED and their mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods:

In this paper, we used data mining techniques to analyze high-frequency herbs and
herb combinations used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of DMED based on existing literature.
Using network pharmacology to study the active components and mechanism of action
of YGP against DMED, molecular docking was used to analyze the interactions of the active
components with major structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, and mutants. Also, the therapeutic
effect of YGP on hyperglycemic modelling and its underlying mechanisms were experimentally
validated in CCEC cells by analyzing the expression of its relevant target mRNAs.

Results:

Network pharmacological analysis identified the three core components of YGP as
quercetin, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol, and constructed a PPI network map of common targets
of YGP and DMED, which included HIF-1α, ALB, Bcl-2, INS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CASP3,
and TP53. Combined with molecular docking results, these targets had a strong binding affinity
between them and the active ingredient compounds, with the highest affinity for HIF-1α and
TNF-α. During the in vitro cellular assay validation, the HIF-1α, ALB, Bcl-2, TNF-α, and
IL-6 mRNA in CCECs cells showed positive regulation after YGP intervention.

Conclusion:

The combination of "data mining - network pharmacology - molecular docking -
experimental validation" provides a powerful methodological basis for the study of the main active
components and mechanism of action of YGP against DMED, as well as the development
and application of the drug.

conclusion:

The combination of "data mining - network pharmacology - molecular docking - experimental validation" provides a powerful methodological basis for the study of the main active components and mechanism of action of YGP against DMED, as well as the development and application of the drug.
The Effect of Systemic Inflammatory Response on Mechanical Thrombectomy
is Partly Mediated by Pre-thrombectomy Cerebral Edema in Acute
Stroke Patients
Authors: Kan Yuan , Yang Lu , Ren Changhong , Li Chuanhui , Xu Jiali , Guo Wenting , Zhao Wenbo , Ji Xunming
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To explore the effect of baseline Systemic Inflammatory Response reflected
by platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and pre-thrombectomy cerebral edema reflected by Net Water
Uptake (NWU) on futile recanalization in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) after successful
thrombectomy, and to investigate the potential mediating role of baseline cerebral edema.

Methods:

134 Patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke receiving successful thrombectomy
were retrospectively studied. Their demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at
admission, and the NWU was quantitatively calculated based on baseline computed tomography
(CT). The predictive value of PLR for futile recanalization and the relationship between PLR,
NWU, and futile recanalization using mediation analysis were explored. Patients were followed
up for 90 days and were divided into a futile recanalization group and a favorable prognosis group
[90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2].

Results:

High baseline PLR, NWU, no first-pass reperfusion, and large baseline ischemic core volume
were independent predictors of futile recanalization after successful thrombectomy in patients
with AIS. Mediation analysis results indicate that PLR may partially mediate the occurrence
of futile recanalization through NWU.

Conclusion:

Baseline PLR and NWU were independent predictors of futile recanalization, and
higher PLR and NWU values were associated with a higher likelihood of futile recanalization.
The findings suggest that early cerebral edema reflected by a high NWU value may be a mediator
of PLR-affecting prognosis.
Oxidative Stress-mediated Lipid Peroxidation-derived Lipid Aldehydes in the Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Allowitz Kieran , Taylor Justin , Harames Kyra , Yoo John , Baloch Omar , Ramana Kota V.
Published: October 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis cause damage and gradual loss of neurons affecting the central nervous system. Neurodegenerative
diseases are most commonly seen in the ageing process. Ageing causes increased reactive
oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial ATP generation, resulting in redox imbalance and
oxidative stress. Oxidative stress-generated free radicals cause damage to membrane lipids containing
polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to the formation of toxic lipid aldehyde products such as 4-
hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde. Several studies have shown that lipid peroxidation-derived
aldehyde products form adducts with cellular proteins, altering their structure and function. Thus,
these lipid aldehydes could act as secondary signaling intermediates, modifying important metabolic
pathways, and contributing to the pathophysiology of several human diseases, including neurodegenerative
disorders. Additionally, they could serve as biomarkers for disease progression. This narrative
review article discusses the biological and clinical significance of oxidative stress-mediated lipid
peroxidation-derived lipid aldehydes in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases.
Exploring the Antitumor Potential of New Indazole-indolizines Designed by Molecular Hybridization
Authors: Ciurla-Lucescu Liliana , Bîcu Elena , Belei Dalila , Ghinet Alina
Published: October 2024

Background:

Cancer represents the major health problem faced by the population of the
world, remaining one of the main causes of death. Hence, the development of new targeted antitumor
drugs with high efficacy and lower toxicity is still needed.

Objective:

As a continuation of our work to discover new molecules with cytotoxic properties, two
heterocyclic scaffolds, namely indolizine, and indazole, were combined in the same molecule, aiming
to improve the bioactivity. This article focused on the synthesis, characterization, and biological
evaluation of a series of new indazole-indolizine hybrid compounds.

Methods:

The biological potential of the synthesized compound was investigated in vitro against the
human farnesyltransferase enzyme and NCI 60 tumor cell lines panel. While the farnesyltransferase
inhibitory activity was modest, a very good antiproliferative action was observed for compound 4a,
which, at a concentration of 10 μM, inhibited the growth of 20 types of cancer cells by more than
50% and showed cytotoxic action against the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-4.

Results:

A series of novel indazole-indolizine hybrids were synthesized via a [3+2] cycloaddition
reaction, fully characterized and biologically evaluated for antitumor potential.

Conclusion:

Compound 4a could be a promising starting point in the development of new antitumoral
agents. Further biological investigations will be performed to identify the biological target of
the compounds. Moreover, different synthetic strategies to introduce new substituents on the indolizine
core will be addressed.
PPAR-γ Signaling and Common Protective Pathways against Obesity and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sharma Akhil , Devi Sushma , Mannan Ashi , Kumar Manish , Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Published: October 2024

Transcription factor PPAR-γ is predominantly found in adipose tissue, liver, and
brain. PPARs form heterodimers, interact with ligands, and regulate the expression of the genes
of the PPAR-γ downstream regulatory pathways. PPAR-γ is critical in regulating many physiological
processes, including adipogenesis, glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, energy
homeostasis, and inflammation. This review is on the functions of PPAR-γ and how dysregulation
of activity or expression of PPAR-γ can lead to obesity and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The
PPAR- γ agonist inhibited the downregulated pathways, such as Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK-STAT
pathways, both involved in activating NF-kB. PPAR-γ has a significant role in the APOE
(Apolipoprotein E) gene expression, which reduces reducing obesity, inhibits amyloid aggregation,
prevents hyperphosphorylation of tau, and inhibits dysregulation of autophagy. This review
provides a perspective on the intricate interplay between PPAR-γ, obesity, and AD, focusing on
the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.
Antenatal Care Services Uptake and Associated Factors in Somaliland: Further Analysis of the 2020 Somaliland Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Abdiwali Saad A. , Adesina Olubukola A. , Fekadu Gedefaw A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Antenatal care (ANC) is vital to maintain the health of pregnant women and their unborn babies. It was linked to a positive pregnancy experience. However, ANC uptake remained low in Somaliland, and no study has been conducted to assess possible predictors. Hence, the current study aimed to determine the level of ANC utilization and to identify its associated factors in Somaliland.

Materials and Methods

Somaliland Demographic Health Survey (SLDHS) Data 2020 were used. A weighted sample of 3,192 women aged 15-49 years participated in the study. The survey used a two-stage cluster design for sample selection. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequency and percentage and multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis were carried out to determine associated factors and statistical significance was declared by p< 0.05.

Results

The findings showed that 62.4% (95% CI: 60.7-64.1) of the women did not utilize ANC services, while 23.4% (95% CI: 21.9, 24.9) partially utilized and 14.2% (95% CI: 13.0, 15.4) adequately utilized ANC services. The odds of adequately utilizing ANC service decreased by a factor of 0.88 for women aged 35 and above compared to 15 - 24 year old women (AOR= 0.88, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.26). Women with higher educational levels had significantly higher odds (AOR=4.31, 95% CI: 1.54, 12.02) of adequately utilizing ANC compared to those with no formal education. The employment status, marital status, household wealth index, residence and region were also found to be associated with the utilization of Antenatal care.

Conclusion

The study showed low adequate utilization of ANC services in Somaliland. The variables, including age, education, wealth index, marital status, employment status, residence and region, were significantly associated with ANC utilization. Governmental and non-governmental organizations should enact a strategy with targeted intervention focusing on women from nomadic and rural communities, those from poor households, and low educational levels.
PNU-74654 Enhanced the Antiproliferative Activity of Gemcitabine by Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sharifi Sajjad , Mehrabadi Shima , Rahmani Farzad , Nosrati-Tirkani Abolfazl , Khorrami Shadi , Khazaei Majid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Rajabian Majid , Boromand Nadia , Parizadeh Seyed Mohammad Reza , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir
Published: October 2024

Background:

The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is one of the pathways that is deregulated
in pancreatic cancer and is reported to be associated with a poor prognosis. This indicates the
need for the identification of novel agents to improve the efficacy of current therapy or have an
improved efficacy. Therefore, in the present study, we explored the anticancer activity of PNU-
74654 alone or in combination with gemcitabine in 2 and 3-dimensional cell culture models of
pancreatic cancer.

Methods:

The MTT assay was carried out to determine the viability of PC cancerous cells
(PCCs), while the cytotoxicity of this agent was evaluated in a 3D cell culture model (spheroid).
The effects of PNU-74654 were investigated in established cell migration/invasion assays.

Results:

The expression of candidate genes affecting the cell cycle, migration, and Wnt/bcatenin
pathway was evaluated at mRNA and/or proteins by RT-PCR or Western blot. PNU-
74654 inhibited the cell growth at IC50 of 122 ± 0.4 umol/L and had a synergistic effect on the
antiproliferative properties of gemcitabine by modulating the Wnt pathway. The PNU-
74654/gemcitabine combination reduced the migratory and invasiveness of PC cells, compared
to control cells, through perturbation of E-cadherin.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate the profound antitumor properties of PNU-74654 in in
vitro models of pancreatic cancer, supporting further in vivo studies to evaluate the therapeutic
impact of this novel therapy to target the Wnt pathway in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Revolutionizing Patient Safety: Machine Learning and AI for the Early Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug-Induced Toxicity
Authors: Panda Pratikeswar , Mohapatra Rajaram
Published: October 2024

Adverse drug reactions and drug-induced toxicity provide significant issues in drug research,
jeopardizing patient safety and driving up healthcare costs. Toxicity has a greater potential
impact than infectious diseases since it is less visible. Early diagnosis of these difficulties is critical
to determining a drug's safety and viability profile. The combination of machine learning and artificial
intelligence has marked a watershed moment in the identification of early adverse drug reactions
and toxicity. These computational approaches enable rapid, extensive, and precise prediction of likely
adverse drug reactions and toxicity even before practical drug manufacture, preclinical testing, and
clinical trials. This paradigm change strives to create more efficient and safe drugs, lowering the
likelihood of drug withdrawal. This comprehensive review investigates the critical role of machine
learning and artificial intelligence in quickly detecting adverse drug reactions and toxicity, including
approaches from data mining to deep learning. It lists essential databases, modelling techniques, and
software that may be used to model and predict a wide range of toxicities and adverse drug reactions.
This review provides a comprehensive overview, outlining recent developments and projecting future
opportunities in machine learning and artificial intelligence-driven rapid identification of adverse
drug reactions and drug-induced toxicity. It highlights the capabilities of these technologies
and their enormous potential to improve patient safety and revolutionize medication discovery.
Antibiotic Prescribing Behavior of Physicians in Outpatient Departments in Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Abejew Asrat Agalu , Wubetu Gizachew Yismaw , Fenta Teferi Gedif
Published: October 2024

Background

Antibiotic resistance, fueled by irrational prescribing, is a global threat associated with health, social, and economic consequences. Understanding antibiotic prescribing behavior and associated factors is important to promote good prescribing practice.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting antibiotic prescribing behaviors of physicians based on the theory of planned behavior in hospitals in northwest Ethiopia in 2022.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to October 2022. A total of 185 health professionals were included, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A structural equation model based on the modified theory of planned behavior was used to determine factors affecting antibiotic prescribing behavior. The percentages of physicians’ estimated prescriptions for patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and during weekly outpatient visits were used to predict antibiotic prescribing behavior and finally linked with behavioral constructs. A P value <.05 was considered significant.

Results

Physicians estimated that they prescribed antibiotics for 54.8% (9896/18,049) of weekly outpatient encounters, and 178 (96.2%) of the 185 physicians estimated they prescribed antibiotics for patients who presented with symptoms of a URTI. Physicians aged ≤30 years were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (48/100, 48%) for patients who presented with a URTI than physicians older than 30 years (51/100, 51%; P=.004), and general practitioners were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (47/100, 47%) for patients who presented with a URTI than residents (51/100, 51%; P=.03). Similarly, during outpatient visits, physicians ≤30 years old were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (54/100, 54%) than physicians older than 30 years (57/100, 57%; P<.001), male physicians were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (53/100, 53%) than female physicians (64/100, 64%; P=.03), and general practitioners were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (53/100, 53%) than residents (57/100, 57%; P=.02). Physicians with good knowledge were less affected by perceived social pressure (mean 4.4, SD 0.6) than those with poor knowledge (mean 4.0, SD 0.9; P<.001) and felt it was easy to make rational decisions (mean 4.1, SD 1.1) compared with those with poor knowledge (mean 3.8, SD 1; P<.001). However, intentions to reduce and prescribe antibiotics were not affected by attitudes, subjective norms, or perceived behavioral control, and perceived antibiotic prescribing behavior was not related to intentions to reduce or prescribe antibiotics.

Conclusions

Antibiotic prescribing behavior was not under the volitional control of physicians. This calls for a systematic approach to change antibiotic prescribing practices in hospital.
How Anti-Regulation Organizations Drive Firearm Acquisition in the United States: Analysis within a Causal Inference Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Slote Kevin , Daley Kevin , Succar Rayan , Barak Ventura Roni , Porfiri Maurizio , Belykh Igor
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Firearm injuries are a leading cause of death in the United States, where a greater number of people die by firearms than in motor vehicle crashes. Although firearms present a significant public health risk, Americans continue to purchase them in large amounts. Three drivers of firearm acquisition are commonly cited in the literature, namely, fear of violent crime, fear of mass shootings, and panic-buying. These drivers were widely researched as conceptual factors that contribute to individuals’ decision to purchase firearms, yet their role in prompting purchases has never been studied. In addition, the activity of relevant interest groups on social media, which capitalize on emotions like fear, may impact impulsive firearm acquisition. The combined roles of all factors in driving firearm purchases have never been tested in a causal framework.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to elucidate the role of media coverage of firearm laws and regulations, mass shootings, violent crimes, and the activity of anti- and pro-regulation organizations on social media in short-term firearm acquisition in the United States.

METHODS

We generate daily time series of media coverage of firearm laws and regulations, media coverage of mass shootings, media coverage of violent crimes, Twitter posts of anti-regulation organizations, Twitter posts of pro-regulation organizations, and background checks between 2012 and 2020. We employ the framework of PCMCI+ to investigate the causal structures between the six variables simultaneously.

RESULTS

We find that the activity of anti-regulation organizations on social media directly drives firearm acquisitions. We also show that media coverage of firearm laws and regulations and media coverage of violent crimes influence firearm acquisition.

CONCLUSIONS

Although media coverage of mass shootings and online activity of pro-regulation organizations are possible drivers of firearm acquisition, in the short term, only lobbying efforts of anti-regulation organizations, media coverage of violent crime, and media coverage of firearm laws and regulations appear to influence people’s decision to purchase a firearm.

CLINICALTRIAL
Technology Acceptance Model in Medical Education: A systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Jason Wen Yau , Tan Jenelle , Bello Fernando
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The growing use of technology means that there is a need for a framework that can evaluate the learners’ and educators’ acceptance of these technologies. In this context, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) offers a valuable theoretical framework, providing insights into the determinants influencing the users' acceptance and adoption of technology.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to systematically synthesize the body of research in medical education that employs the TAM.

METHODS

An electronic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA approach in February 2024 on the Embase, Medline, PyscINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, yielding 680 articles. Upon elimination of duplicates and applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 39 articles were retained. To evaluate the quality of the study, the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) score was calculated for each analysis with a qualitative component.

RESULTS

The review found that the studies using TAM only started in 2010, with the model relatively sparse until 2021. Most of the studies were quantitative, operationalizing the TAM as a survey instrument, but it was also used as a research framework in qualitative data analysis. SEM, descriptive analysis, and correlation analysis are the most common data analysis approaches in the study. E-learning and mobile learning were the predominant learning interventions explored, but there were indications that novel learning technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and 3D printing were being investigated.

CONCLUSIONS

The study's findings reveal an expanding scholarly engagement with the use of TAM in medical education. While the TAM has been mostly used as a survey instrument, it can also be adapted as a research framework to analyze data qualitatively. This systematic review provides a foundation for future research to understand the factors influencing users' acceptance of technology, especially in medical education.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Efectos de la implementación de actividades prácticas sobre la motivación de logro en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: García-Garay Jonathan , Andrade-Mayorga Omar , Lavados-Romo Pamela
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Motivación es aquello que impulsa a un sujeto hacia un objetivo que supone acciones, aceptando el esfuerzo requerido para conseguirlo. Puede ser extrínseca, asociada a factores externos como reconocimiento o castigo; e intrínseca, relacionada a aquello que surge del propio individuo como la autorrealización y desarrollo personal. La motivación de logro es una forma de motivación intrínseca e incentiva la búsqueda de soluciones a problemas sin necesidad de recompensas. Constituye un paso previo al aprendizaje, es su motor, por ello en educación es fundamental utilizar estrategias que aumenten la motivación de logro de los estudiantes.
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la incorporación de actividades prácticas de laboratorio en la enseñanza de la fisiología humana sobre las atribuciones de motivación de logro en estudiantes de kinesiología.
Método: Se evaluaron las atribuciones de motivación de logro en estudiantes universitarios al final de dos asignaturas de fisiología humana equivalentes, en dos semestres consecutivos, mediante la Escala Atribucional de Motivación de Logro Modificada (EAML-M). La primera asignatura se basó en actividades tradicionales, mientras que en la segunda se implementaron, además, actividades prácticas de laboratorio de fisiología del ejercicio.
Resultados: La dimensión de la EAML-M con mayor puntaje al finalizar ambas asignaturas fue “interés/esfuerzo”. Comparando los resultados de ambas asignaturas, se encontraron diferencias significativas en dos dimensiones, específicamente aumentos en el puntaje “tarea/capacidad” (4.2 ± 0.56 vs. 4.6 ± 0.56; P = 0.002) y “examen” (5 [5-5] vs. 5 [4-6]; P = 0.011) en la asignatura que incorporó actividades prácticas.
Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que la implementación de actividades prácticas de laboratorio de fisiología del ejercicio podría mejorar las atribuciones de motivación de logro en estudiantes universitarios, específicamente en las dimensiones “tarea/capacidad” y “examen”. Además, se encontró una posible influencia del género en la motivación de los estudiantes, pues al realizar análisis por sexo, solo se encontraron mejorías en las mujeres.
Pasado y presente en la formación del cirujano general… ¿Un cambio verdadero?
Authors: López Aguirre Gonzalo , Briones Aranda Alfredo
Published: October 2024

A finales del siglo XIX, primero en Europa y posteriormente en América, se inicia la formación tutelar de residentes de cirugía, dando lugar a distintas escuelas y bajo el método de ver, ayudar y hacer, sentando las bases de los actuales cursos universitarios. En México, durante el siglo pasado, se establecen métodos de control de calidad a través de la certificación de los programas académicos y con la certificación y recertificación, por parte del Consejo Mexicano de Cirugía General, de los especialistas formados.
A pesar de los esfuerzos de las distintas instituciones, las funciones esenciales del Programa Único de Especialidades Médicas (PUEM): atención, docencia e investigación, en la práctica, no se cumplen a cabalidad. El panorama epidemiológico en las distintas regiones del país, la variada infraestructura de los hospitales sedes, el bajo nivel de conocimientos o interés pedagógico de muchos titulares y adjuntos de los cursos, y una incipiente actividad de investigación no permiten tener los resultados esperados.
A pesar de todas estas diferencias y obstáculos, los residentes de cirugía siguen formándose con el día a día bajo las indicaciones de sus maestros, viendo como lo hace el residente con mayor experiencia, ayudando en los procedimientos básicos primero, y más complejos después y, finalmente, haciendo los procedimientos hasta desarrollar la confianza y experiencia necesarias para realizarlos de manera independiente.
La piedra angular de su formación sigue siendo el antiguo método de ver, ayudar, hacer, que a pesar de sus claroscuros ha permanecido vigente, demostrando ser eficiente y cumpliendo las expectativas formativas de los nuevos especialistas.
A new species of the genus Monstrilla (Copepoda: Monstrilloida: Monstrillidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Suárez-Morales Eduardo , Velázquez-Ornelas Karl E.
Published: October 2024

Based on deep-water (700-750 m) biological samples obtained from the southern Gulf of California, Pacific coast of Mexico, a new species of the monstrilloid copepod genus Monstrilla Dana, 1849 is described based on a single subadult female collected close to the bottom with an epibenthic sledge. Monstrilla hendrickxi sp. n. is distinguished by a unique combination of characters including: 1) no trace of eyes; 2) strong, thick antennules with segments 2-4 partly fused; 3) strongly developed apical elements on antennular segment 5 and spinous processes on segments 2-5; and 4) bilobed fifth legs with 2 apical setae on the exopodal lobe and a digitiform, unarmed endopodal lobe. The new species exhibits some affinity with surface-dwelling species of Monstrilla that have 2 setae on the exopodal lobes of the fifth legs. This is the fifth record of a species of the order Monstrilloida in the Gulf of California. The present discovery in deep oceanic waters significantly adds to our knowledge of the habitat range of this copepod order and likely anticipate further interesting findings of monstrilloids in deep waters worldwide.
Tetramerium (Acanthaceae) in the Depresión del Balsas Biogeographic Province of Mexico, two new species and a new combination
Authors: Daniel Thomas F.
Published: October 2024

A taxonomic account of Tetramerium in the Depresión del Balsas Biogeographic Province of western and central Mexico reveals 14 species there, with 2 of them, T. cruzii and T. michoacanum, described herein. A new combination, T. barlerioides, is proposed for the species previously known as T. ochoterenae. This region of Mexico appears to be the center of both species richness and morphological diversity for this widely distributed American genus. A key to the 14 species is followed by geographic distribution ranges, ecological data within the region, and miscellaneous notes for each one that updates information from the last monograph of the genus. A verified voucher specimen is provided to document species occurrences in each state (or portion of a state) in the Depresión del Balsas. Occurrences of 2 species, T. glandulosum and T. tenuissimum, are newly reported from the Estado de México. A map of the region and floral photographs of 12 of the species are provided.
Convivendo com estomias de eliminação: um estudo à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais
Authors: Alves Dailon de Araújo , Sampaio Luis Rafael Leite , Lima Luiz Gustavo Alves , Bezerra Joseanny Valessa Sousa , Cruz Lorena Gomes da , Duarte Gregório Rafaela Gonçalves
Published: October 2024

Introdução: As estomias de eliminação são definidas como uma externalização de parte do sistema digestivo em razão de agravos inflamatórios, oncológicos ou congênitos, gerando um conjunto de implicações biopsicossociais. Objetivo: Identificar algumas percepções e representações sociais construídas por pessoas com estomias de eliminação em torno da sua condição. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, pautado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado através de relatos de pacientes com estomias de eliminação em uma consulta ambulatorial de enfermagem em estomaterapia, processados por meio do software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: infere-se uma série de interpretações que revelam os desafios e as consequências impostas por esses dispositivos, a exemplo as barreiras sociais, laborais e alimentares, que somam-se aos estigmas e sentimentos negativos associados à autoimagem e a autopercepção na consciência desses indivíduos, bem como as potencialidades observadas como a família, comunidade e a espiritualidade dos participantes, exigindo dos profissionais de saúde a compreensão. Considerações finais: O trabalho expressa representações construídas em torno de algumas percepções dos pacientes em torno do uso da estomia, podendo auxiliar na compreensão desse estado, embasando uma prática profissional mais empática e antenada aos aspectos psicológicos, sociais e espirituais.
Quantum Universally Composable Oblivious Linear Evaluation
Authors: Santos Manuel B. , Mateus Paulo , Vlachou Chrysoula
Published: October 2024

Oblivious linear evaluation is a generalization of oblivious transfer, whereby two distrustful parties obliviously compute a linear function, f(x)=ax+b, i.e., each one provides their inputs that remain unknown to the other, in order to compute the output f(x) that only one of them receives. From both a structural and a security point of view, oblivious linear evaluation is fundamental for arithmetic-based secure multi-party computation protocols. In the classical case, oblivious linear evaluation protocols can be generated using oblivious transfer, and their quantum counterparts can, in principle, be constructed as straightforward extensions using quantum oblivious transfer. Here, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, quantum protocol for oblivious linear evaluation that, furthermore, does not rely on quantum oblivious transfer. We start by presenting a semi-honest protocol, and then extend it to the dishonest setting employing a commit−and−open strategy. Our protocol uses high-dimensional quantum states to obliviously compute f(x) on Galois Fields of prime and prime-power dimension. These constructions utilize the existence of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases in prime-power dimension Hilbert spaces and their linear behaviour upon the Heisenberg-Weyl operators. We also generalize our protocol to achieve vector oblivious linear evaluation, where several instances of oblivious linear evaluation are generated, thus making the protocol more efficient. We prove the protocols to have static security in the framework of quantum universal composability.
Quantum networks theory
Authors: Arrighi Pablo , Durbec Amélia , Wilson Matt
Published: October 2024

The formalism of quantum theory over discrete systems is extended in two significant ways. First, quantum evolutions are generalized to act over entire network configurations, so that nodes may find themselves in a quantum superposition of being connected or not, and be allowed to merge, split and reconnect coherently in a superposition. Second, tensors and traceouts are generalized, so that systems can be partitioned according to almost arbitrary logical predicates in a robust manner. The hereby presented mathematical framework is anchored on solid grounds through numerous lemmas. Indeed, one might have feared that the familiar interrelations between the notions of unitarity, complete positivity, trace-preservation, non-signalling causality, locality and localizability that are standard in quantum theory be jeopardized as the neighbourhood and partitioning between systems become both quantum, dynamical, and logical. Such interrelations in fact carry through, albeit two new notions become instrumental: consistency and comprehension.
OFICINAS TEMÁTICAS COMO ESPAÇO PARA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE UMA ESTRATÉGIA VOLTADA AO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS POR INVESTIGAÇÃO
Authors: Miranda Sabrina do Couto de , Calaça Francisco J. Simões , Carvalho Raquel Silva Cotrim , Santos Mirley Luciene dos , De Carvalho Plauto Simão
Published: October 2024

Uma das funções da escola é apresentar aos estudantes os saberes acadêmicos e ensinar sobre Ciências, relacionando essa ciência com a realidade dos educandos. Neste artigo destacamos e defendemos a perspectiva de que o Ensino de Ciências deve promover o processo de Alfabetização Científica dos estudantes. Neste contexto, o Ensino de Ciências por Investigação (EnCI) representa uma abordagem para romper com o ensino de Ciências tradicional. Assim, a formação dos profissionais que vão atuar nessa perspectiva é de extrema relevância. Dessa forma, possibilitar o contato dos professores com diferentes perspectivas didáticas colabora para o processo formativo deles e as oficinas temáticas são importantes instrumentos nesse processo. Diante do exposto, este estudo buscou responder à seguinte pergunta: “De que forma as oficinas temáticas podem potencializar a formação (inicial e continuada) de professores na abordagem do EnCI?”. Este trabalho objetivou apresentar e discutir os elementos teóricos que fundamentaram a construção de um modelo de oficina temática sobre o EnCI, voltada à formação de professores, bem como validar a oficina temática proposta com distintos grupos de professores. A pesquisa se desenvolveu a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e a construção da oficina temática abrangeu a participação de três diferentes agentes visando torná-la mais adequada ao propósito formativo. Após sua estruturação inicial, a oficina foi validada com dois diferentes grupos de professores: em Formação Continuada e em Formação Inicial. Os dados foram coletados a partir da observação da participação e das respostas aos questionários (pré e pós-oficina). Os resultados demonstraram que os participantes, ao final do processo, compreenderam melhor os conceitos do EnCI, destacando a importância da participação ativa dos alunos e a aplicação de metodologias investigativas em sala de aula. Conclui-se que oficinas temáticas são uma ferramenta eficaz para a formação de professores, promovendo a transformação do Ensino de Ciências.
JURASSIC WORLD ACAMPAMENTO JURÁSSICO: UMA SÉRIE ANIMADA COMO FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO DA PALEOGENÔMICA
Authors: Alves Everton Fernando
Published: October 2024

Considerando a influência da cultura pop veiculada em mídias tradicionais, digitais e de streaming na vida dos jovens, este estudo investigou uma produção audiovisual do gênero animação voltada para o público adolescente. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa e uso da técnica de análise documental com base em documento audiovisual representado por um único episódio da primeira temporada da série animada Jurassic Word: Acampamento Jurássico, transmitida pela Netflix, com o objetivo de identificar saberes paleogenômicos veiculados em cenas que sirvam de referência para a construção de conhecimento paleontológico atualizado. Com base nas análises, foi possível concluir que a produção cinematográfica analisada é a única série atualde ficção científica animada que aborda temas relacionados à Paleogenômica, sendo, portanto, útil para ser usada em ambientes de aula do Ensino Médio como ferramenta pedagógica para engajar e motivar debates que promovam a construção de conhecimento biogeocientífico com base em uma cultura familiar ao estudante.
Pintar quanto antes: a exploração criativa da ação conveniente no atelier de pintura do Pisão
Authors: Resende José Manuel , Carvalho José Maria
Published: October 2024

No decurso de uma pesquisa etnográfica desenvolvida em contexto de institucionalização devido a patologias do foro psiquiátrico, pudemos constatar que a prática artística, nomeadamente a pintura, desempenha um papel importante no processo de capacitação para a autonomia dos residentes internados. Com efeito, a tendência das políticas públicas das últimas décadas tem privilegiado o regime de envolvimento em plano junto das populações mais vulneráveis. Assim sendo, caberá aos técnicos profissionais identificar o grau e natureza da dependência em causa e atuar em conformidade, visando a autonomização das mesmas. Partindo do caso de um pintor abstrato, Leopoldo, e recorrendo a algumas anotações de Diário de Campo, ensaia-se uma análise pragmaticamente inspirada acerca da variedade de envolvimentos presentes nas situações em que a atividade da pintura se desenvolve. O caso de Leopoldo mostrará que, contrariamente ao gesto de pintar, onde revela autonomia, há inquietações e dificuldades, antes e após a pintura, em torno da utilização dos materiais necessários, que pertencem à instituição. A coexistência, transições e articulações entre estes vários envolvimentos na experiência pictórica é o leitmotiv do texto que se segue.
FINE VESSEL SEGMENTATION WITH REFINEMENT GATE IN DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Saeed Ali Q , Abdullah Siti Norul Huda Sheikh , Che- Hamzah Jemaima , Abdul Ghani Ahmad Tarmizi
Published: October 2024

Automated vessel segmentation is essential in diagnosing eye-related disorders and monitoring progressive retinal diseases. State-of-the-art methods have achieved excellent results in this field, but very few have considered the post-processing of feature maps. As a result, there is often a lack of small and fine vessels or discontinuities in segmented vessels. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel post-processing technique called the refinement gate, which works with a deep learning model during training. The refinement gate enhances contextual information to extract important features from feature maps better. The proposed technique is applied with U-net architecture and placed after every convolution block in the encoder path. Visual and statistical comparisons demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method using three publicly available datasets, namely: the DRIVE DB, the STARE DB, and CHASE_DB1 datasets, showing significant improvements to segment weak and tiny vessels. The reported results confirm the potential of the model to be used as a segmentation tool in the medical field. This study is the first to propose such a gating mechanism without additional trainable parameters or standalone networks as in other literature.
Racionalidad instrumental y racionalidad comunicativa: la necesidad de su acoplamiento en el acto educativo
Authors: Montoya Suárez Omar
Published: October 2024

La visión del mundo que predominó en Occidente hasta la víspera de la Revolución Científica fue la de un mundo encantado. Las rocas, los árboles, los ríos y las nubes eran contemplados como algo maravilloso y con vida, y los seres humanos se sentían a sus anchas en este ambiente. En breve, el cosmos era un lugar de pertenencia, de correspondencia. Un miembro de este cosmos participaba directamente en su drama, no era un observador alienado. Su destino personal estaba ligado al del cosmos y es esta relación la que daba significado a su vida. Este tipo de conciencia —la que llamaremos en este libro “conciencia participativa”— involucra coalición o identificación con el ambiente, habla de una totalidad psíquica que hace mucho ha desaparecido de escena. La alquimia resultó ser en Occidente la última expresión de la conciencia participativa (Berman, 1987, p. 10). Si el pensar está en lo seco, también la educación, en cuanto proceso de formación en el pensar, está en lo seco. ¿Será irracional retornar el pensar, la educación, a su elemento? (Guillermo Hoyos, Comunicación, Educación y Ciudadanía. Conferencia inaugural – Maestría en Educación Énfasis Educación Matemática - Enseñanza de las Ciencias Viernes 21 de agosto, 2013 – 2:45 a 5:45 p.m. - Salón Cultural – IEP). La presente investigación trata de la diferenciación (desacoplamiento) de la racionalidad humana en racionalidad instrumental y racionalidad comunicativa, el papel que este desacoplamiento juega en la crisis actual de la educación y las posibles formas de hacerle frente a esta crisis a partir de la creación de propuestas que permitan el acoplamiento de estas dos formas de racionalidad.
Crisis, discernimiento y experiencia de la nada de Dios en el “Diario Espiritual” de San Ignacio de Loyola
Authors: Puiggari Ignacio Tomás
Published: October 2024

En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo el análisis de la experiencia concreta de crisis, discernimiento y relación con Dios por la que atraviesa San Ignacio de Loyola atestiguada en su Diario espiritual. Dada la estructura de la crisis y de la relación con la complejidad de sus momentos, se ensaya aquí rastrear la significación peculiar que plantea la cuestión de la nada y la negatividad en general como articuladores del acontecimiento de esta forma de vincularidad entre Ignacio y Dios. Con ello se busca plantear los momentos más relevante de la relación: la caída, la formación, la decisión y el giro.
Przedsiębiorczość na obszarach wiejskich z perspektywy gender
Authors: Rykowska Joanna , Sawicka Janina , Stolarczyk Paulina
Published: October 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest zagadnienie przedsiębiorczości na obszarach wiejskich oceniane z perspektywy gender. Przedstawiono specyfikę przedsiębiorczości kobiet na tle sektora MŚP w Polsce, omówiono szanse i bariery jej rozwoju. Do porównań wykorzystano wstępne wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych na obszarach wiejskich Mazowsza na zbiorowości 1000 gospodarstw domowych. Obliczono wskaźnik przedsiębiorczości, przedstawiono bariery i szanse jej rozwoju, źródła finansowania oraz kierunki i oczekiwane przez respondentów formy jej zewnętrznego wsparcia. Wyniki badań przedstawiono w skali pięciu podregionów Mazowsza oraz w dwu grupach gmin: słabiej i lepiej gospodarczo rozwiniętych.
TV ADVERTISING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CHILDREN BRAND PERCEPTION RESULTS OF QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Sibińska Anna
Published: October 2024

The paper seeks to explore children responses towards TV commercials and brands presented. It examines the impact of advertisement on children’s perception that varies with their age. Present study was based on a focus group survey with 30 children chosen from different schools in city of Lodz. The study demonstrates that children have a negative opinion on the advertisements regardless of their age. However, children are exposed to the advertisements all the time and present an impressive awareness of the advertised brands, goods and commercials itself. As a result, they often create images of the products and logos in their minds based on what they saw on TV. It was noticed that older children are more independent taking also their personal experience into account whereas younger rely rather on somebody else’s comments. Although the research has reached its aims, the limitations related to the size of the interview group occurred.