bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4Fr in 5Fr sheathless technique with standard catheters for transradial coronary interventions: Technical challenges and persisting issues
Authors: Abdelaal Eltigani , Rimac Goran , Plourde Guillaume , MacHaalany Jimmy , Roy Louis , Tardif Marc‐Antoine , Costerousse Olivier , Pancholy Samir B. , Bertrand Olivier F.
Published: October 2014

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of performing sheathless 5Fr transradial percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) using 4Fr diagnostic catheters as dilators.

Background

There is a direct association between artery–catheter mismatch and risk of radial artery occlusion.

Methods

We recruited 130 patients who underwent 4Fr sheathless diagnostic angiography with super torque (Cordis Corporation, USA) catheters followed by ad hoc PCI. To facilitate skin and vessel penetration, the Judkins right catheter (110 cm) was inserted inside the 5Fr guiding catheter (100 cm) as dilator.

Results

The mean age of patients was 63 ± 12 years with 74% of males. Unfractionated heparin monotherapy was used in 84%, bivalirudin in 12%, and platelet glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitors in 13%. Right radial artery was used in 99%. In three cases, no PCI was performed (FFR) and in two (1.5%) cases, a sheath was required after guiding catheter insertion due to local bleeding. In six cases (4.6%), upscale to 6Fr sheathed approach was required. No spasm occurred. Overall procedural success was achieved in 114/119 (96%) cases, including left main PCI, bifurcation PCI in 10 (8%) cases, CTO in 5 (4%) and IVUS use in 6 (5%) cases. Immediately after hemostasis completion, duplex ultrasound showed normal flow in 76%, occlusive thrombus in 13%, pseudo‐aneurysmal dilatation in 11% and local hematoma surrounding puncture site in 20%. Hemoglobin dropped from 138 ± 19 g/l to 131 ± 16 g/l 4–6 hours after PCI.

Conclusion

Using 4Fr diagnostic catheters as dilators, simple and complex PCI can be performed with standard 5Fr guiding catheters as sheathless techniques. However, suboptimal transition between diagnostic and guiding catheters likely creates radial artery trauma leading to frequent occlusive thrombus and hematoma surrounding the radial artery. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of novel multi‐lumen catheter for chronic total occlusions
Authors: Mitsutake Yoshiaki , Ebner Adrian , Yeung Alan C. , Taber Mark D. , Davidson Charles J. , Ikeno Fumiaki
Published: October 2014

Objective

To report our initial animal and human experience with a new multi‐lumen catheter called MultiCross™ (Roxwood Medical, Inc.) in a porcine coronary model and patients with a chronic total occlusion (CTO).

Methods

Preclinical safety study was done in the coronary vasculature of a porcine model. In a clinical setting, patients with a CTO of a coronary artery (n = 5) were enrolled. After an initial unsuccessful attempt using a conventional guidewire, operators could use the MultiCross system. The primary efficacy endpoint was successful recanalization (technical success) and the primary safety endpoint was serious adverse events through 30 days post‐procedure.

Results

The MultiCross catheter was used for all patients after failure of the initial attempt with a guidewire. Successful recanalization was achieved in all CTOs attempted (100%). No patients reported any adverse events at 30 days post‐procedure.

Conclusion

In this first‐in‐man experience, the MultiCross catheter has the potential to enhance crossing of CTOs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Isomer of C60Cl10 Free of Skew‐Pentagonal‐Pyramidal C60Cl6 Substructure
Authors: Liang Hua , Dai Ke , Peng Ru‐Fang , Chu Shi‐Jin
Published: October 2014

Chlorination is an effective approach for understanding the feature of multiple additions on fullerene cages. The chlorofullerenes obtained are versatile synthons for further derivatization. However, chlorofullerenes used for chemical reaction studies are mainly based on the skew‐pentagonal‐pyramidal (SPP) C60Cl6. In this work, a new isomer of C60Cl10 that does not contain an SPP‐C60Cl6 substructure was identified. Its electrochemical properties give it unexpected cyclic voltammetric behavior at more negative potentials relative to other chlorofullerenes. Friedel–Crafts arylation shows good reactivity of this compound. These new findings challenge opinions of fullerene addition patterns and will break the monopoly of C60Cl6 as a precursor for fullerene modifications.
Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Bearing a Pyridine Moiety for the Copper‐Catalyzed Alkylation of N‐Sulfonylimines with Dialkylzinc Reagents
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Ishizaka Tomohiro , Tabatake Yuta , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: October 2014

Amino acid‐derived chiral imidazolium salts, each bearing a pyridine ring, were developed as N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands. The copper‐catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of various N‐sulfonylimines with dialkylzinc reagents in the presence of these chiral imidazolium salts afforded the corresponding alkylated products with high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). The addition of HMPA to the reaction mixture as a co‐solvent is critical in terms of chemical yield and enantioselectivity. A wide range of N‐sulfonylimines and dialkylzinc reagents were found to be applicable to this reaction.
An “Ingredients” Approach to Functional Self‐Synthesizing Materials: A Metal‐Ion‐Selective, Multi‐Responsive, Self‐Assembled Hydrogel
Authors: Li Jianwei , Cvrtila Ivica , Colomb‐Delsuc Mathieu , Otten Edwin , Otto Sijbren
Published: October 2014

New methodology for making novel materials is highly desirable. Here, an “ingredients” approach to functional self‐assembled hydrogels was developed. By designing a building block to contain the right ingredients, a multi‐responsive, self‐assembled hydrogel was obtained through a process of template‐induced self‐synthesis in a dynamic combinatorial library. The system can be switched between gel and solution by light, redox reactions, pH, temperature, mechanical energy and sequestration or addition of MgII salt.
Molecular‐Target‐Based Anticancer Photosensitizer: Synthesis and in vitro Photodynamic Activity of Erlotinib–Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine Conjugates
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Ling , Huang Qi , Liu Jian‐Yong , Huang Ming‐Dong , Xue Jin‐Ping
Published: October 2014

Targeted photodynamic therapy is a new promising therapeutic strategy to overcome growing problems in contemporary medicine, such as drug toxicity and drug resistance. A series of erlotinib–zinc(II) phthalocyanine conjugates were designed and synthesized. Compared with unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine, these conjugates can successfully target EGFR‐overexpressing cancer cells owing to the presence of the small molecular‐target‐based anticancer agent erlotinib. All conjugates were found to be essentially non‐cytotoxic in the absence of light (up to 50 μM), but upon illumination, they show significantly high photo‐cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells, with IC50 values as low as 9.61–91.77 nM under a rather low light dose (λ=670 nm, 1.5 J cm−2). Structure–activity relationships for these conjugates were assessed by determining their photophysical/photochemical properties, cellular uptake, and in vitro photodynamic activities. The results show that these conjugates are highly promising antitumor agents for molecular‐target‐based photodynamic therapy.
A Roundabout Approach to Control Morphological Orientation and Solar‐Cell Performance by Modulating Side‐Chain Branching Position in Benzodithiophene‐Based Polymers
Authors: Lee Kyu Cheol , Song Seyeong , Lee Junghoon , Kim Dong Suk , Kim Jin Young , Yang Changduk
Published: October 2014

To be meaningful to guide the rational design of novel high‐performance conjugated semiconductors, we prepared three benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT)‐based polymers by systematically moving the branching point of the alkyl chain. The effect of side‐chain engineering was thoroughly investigated by a range of techniques. We demonstrate that a subtle change in the branching position in the BDT core can have a critical impact on polymer packing and preferential backbone orientation in thin films; copolymers made from BDT and thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione units (TPD) adopt more of a face‐on orientation as the branching point is shifted closer to the backbone, which can be correlated with a dramatic difference in solar‐cells performance. The high short‐circuit current density (11.6 mA cm−2) for the copolymer with one carbon atom between the alkoxylated oxygen atom and the branching point results from its predominantly face‐on orientation and smoother surface in thin films, which results in power conversion efficiencies as high as 4.56 %.
Cerebral regulatory T cells restrain microglia/macrophage‐mediated inflammatory responses via IL‐10
Authors: Xie Luokun , Choudhury Gourav Roy , Winters Ali , Yang Shao‐Hua , Jin Kunlin
Published: October 2014

Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain the immune tolerance and prevent inflammatory responses in the periphery. However, the presence of Treg cells in the CNS under steady state has not been studied. Here, for the first time, we show a substantial TCRαβ+CD4+Foxp3+ T‐cell population (cerebral Treg cells) in the rat cerebrum, constituting more than 15% of the cerebral CD4+ T‐cell compartment. Cerebral Treg cells showed an activated/memory phenotype and expressed many Treg‐cell signature genes at higher levels than peripheral Treg cells. Consistent with their activated/memory phenotype, cerebral Treg cells robustly restrained the LPS‐induced inflammatory responses of brain microglia/macrophages, suggesting a role in maintaining the cerebral homeostasis by inhibiting the neuroinflammation. In addition, brain astrocytes were the helper cells that sustained Foxp3 expression in Treg cells through IL‐2/STAT5 signaling, showing that the interaction between astrocytes and Treg cells contributes to the maintenance of Treg‐cell identity in the brain. Taken together, our work represents the first study to characterize the phenotypic and functional features of Treg cells in the rat cerebrum. Our data have provided a novel insight for the contribution of Treg cells to the immunosurveillance and immunomodulation in the cerebrum under steady state.
Systems biological analyses reveal the hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific regulation of hematopoietic development
Authors: Velazquez Victoria M. , Uebelhoer Luke S. , Thapa Manoj , Ibegbu Chris C. , Courtney Cynthia , Bosinger Steven E. , Magliocca Joseph F. , Adams Andrew B. , Kirk Allan D. , Knechtle Stuart J. , Kalman Daniel , Suthar Mehul S. , Grakoui Arash
Published: October 2014

Chronic liver disease is characterized by the liver enrichment of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). To assess the role of disease on myelopoiesis, we utilized a systems biology approach to study development in liver‐resident cells expressing stem cell marker CD34. In patients with endstage liver disease, liver CD34+ cells were comprised of two subsets, designated CD34+CD146+ and CD34+CD146–, and hematopoietic function was restricted to CD34+CD146– cells. Liver CD34 frequencies were reduced during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to alcohol liver disease (ALD), and this reduction correlated with viral load in the HCV cohort. To better understand the relationship between liver CD34+CD146+ and CD34+CD146– subsets and any effects of disease on CD34 development, we used gene expression profiling and computational modeling to compare each subset during ALD and HCV. For CD34+CD146+ cells, increased expression of endothelial cell genes including von Willebrand factor, VE‐cadherin, and eNOS were observed when compared to CD34+CD146– cells, and minimal effects of ALD and HCV diseases on gene expression were observed. Importantly for CD34+CD146– cells, chronic HCV was associated with a distinct “imprint” of programs related to cell cycle, DNA repair, chemotaxis, development, and activation, with an emphasis on myeloid and B lymphocyte lineages. This HCV signature was further translated in side‐by‐side analyses, where HCV CD34+CD146– cells demonstrated superior hematopoietic growth, colony formation, and diversification compared to ALD and NASH when cultured identically. Disease‐associated effects on hematopoiesis were also evident by phenotypic alterations in the expression of CD14, HLA‐DR, and CD16 by myeloid progeny cells. Conclusion: Etiology drives progenitor fate within diseased tissues. The liver may be a useful source of hematopoietic cells for therapy, or as therapeutic targets. (Hepatology 2015;61:843–856)
A New Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Phomonol
Authors: Subba Reddy Basi V. , Srinivas Lavudia , Sivaramakrishna Reddy Pathuri , Phaneendra Reddy Bhemavarapu , Prasad Attaluri R. , Yadav Jhillu S.
Published: October 2014

A stereoselective total synthesis of phomonol, following organocatalytic enantioselective epoxidation and intramolecular oxa‐Michael reaction as key steps, is described. The use of readily available D‐tartaric acid as a chiral source renders this approach quite simple and attractive.
New Cytotoxic Laurene‐, Cuparene‐, and Laurokamurene‐Type Sesquiterpenes from the Red Alga Laurencia obtusa
Authors: Angawi Rihab F. , Alarif Walied M. , Hamza Rehab I. , Badria Farid A. , Ayyad Seif‐Eldin N.
Published: October 2014

Three new sesquiterpene alcohols, laur‐2‐ene‐3,12‐diol (1), cuparene‐3,12‐diol (2), and 8,11‐dihydro‐1‐methoxylaurokamuren‐12‐ol (3), along with one known diterpene, kahukuen‐10‐ol (4) have been isolated from the organic extract of the red alga Laurencia obtusa. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds were evaluated against three cancer cell lines, i.e., KB, HepG2, and MCF‐7. Compound 4 exhibited a wide range of cytotoxic activity against KB, HepG2, and MCF‐7 cell lines with IC50 of 0.100, 0.057, and 0.054 μm, respectively. In addition, 1 showed moderate activities towards KB and MCF‐7 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.171 and 0.184 μM, respectively and 2 exhibited a moderate activity against KB cell line at a concentration of 0.213 μg/ml. On the other hand, compound 3 exhibited no cytotoxic activity against any of the three cell lines.
Synthesis of New C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bisamides from (1S,2S)‐Cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Zhou Chan , Xu Jiaxi
Published: October 2014

A series of new C2‐symmetric (1S,2S)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxamides was synthesized from (1S,2S)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarbonyl dichloride and N‐benzyl‐substituted aromatic amines, which were prepared from 2‐aminopyridine, 2‐chloroaniline, and 2‐aminophenol via imine formation with benzaldehyde and subsequent reduction with NaBH4. (1S,2S)‐N,N′‐Dibenzyl‐N,N′‐bis[2‐(benzyloxy)phenyl]cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxamide was converted to (1S,2S)‐N,N′‐dibenzyl‐N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxamide via hydrogenolysis in the presence of Pd(OH)2 on active carbon powder.
Fine‐mapping the 2q37 and 17q11.2‐q22 loci for novel genes and sequence variants associated with a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer
Authors: Laitinen Virpi H. , Rantapero Tommi , Fischer Daniel , Vuorinen Elisa M. , Tammela Teuvo L.J. ,   PRACTICAL Consortium, Wahlfors Tiina , Schleutker Johanna
Published: October 2014

The 2q37 and 17q12‐q22 loci are linked to an increased prostate cancer (PrCa) risk. No candidate gene has been localized at 2q37 and the HOXB13 variant G84E only partially explains the linkage to 17q21‐q22 observed in Finland. We screened these regions by targeted DNA sequencing to search for cancer‐associated variants. Altogether, four novel susceptibility alleles were identified. Two ZNF652 (17q21.3) variants, rs116890317 and rs79670217, increased the risk of both sporadic and hereditary PrCa (rs116890317: OR = 3.3–7.8, p = 0.003–3.3 × 10−5; rs79670217: OR = 1.6–1.9, p = 0.002–0.009). The HDAC4 (2q37.2) variant rs73000144 (OR = 14.6, p = 0.018) and the EFCAB13 (17q21.3) variant rs118004742 (OR = 1.8, p = 0.048) were overrepresented in patients with familial PrCa. To map the variants within 2q37 and 17q11.2‐q22 that may regulate PrCa‐associated genes, we combined DNA sequencing results with transcriptome data obtained by RNA sequencing. This expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis identified 272 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) possibly regulating six genes that were differentially expressed between cases and controls. In a modified approach, prefiltered PrCa‐associated SNPs were exploited and interestingly, a novel eQTL targeting ZNF652 was identified. The novel variants identified in this study could be utilized for PrCa risk assessment, and they further validate the suggested role of ZNF652 as a PrCa candidate gene. The regulatory regions discovered by eQTL mapping increase our understanding of the relationship between regulation of gene expression and susceptibility to PrCa and provide a valuable starting point for future functional research.
EFFICACY OF PREVENTATIVE PARENTING INTERVENTIONS FOR PARENTS OF PRETERM INFANTS ON LATER CHILD BEHAVIOR: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META‐ANALYSIS
Authors: Herd Michael , Whittingham Koa , Sanders Matthew , Colditz Paul , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: October 2014

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of parenting interventions for parents of preterm infants to improve child behavior. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parenting interventions for parents of preterm infants were included. Searchers were conducted of PubMed from 1951 to April 2013, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from 1982 to April 2013, Scopus from 1966 to April 2013, PsycINFO from 1840 to April 2013, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Twelve RCTs were identified that assessed child behavior. Of these studies, only data from three were able to be pooled for meta‐analysis: the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) at 3 years, the Mother‐Infant Transaction Program (modified; MITP‐M) at 5 years, and the Victorian Infant Brain Studies (VIBeS Plus) at 4 years. Outcome from this analysis revealed a small, but significant, effect on child behavior favoring the intervention (95% CI: 0.08–0.32; p = .001). There is evidence that preterm parenting interventions can improve child behavior. Streamlined interventions such as MITP‐M and VIBeS Plus that have a strong focus on the mother–infant relationship may have greatest potential.
Apolipoprotein E isoforms and lipoprotein metabolism
Authors: Phillips Michael C.
Published: October 2014

Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a 299‐residue protein which functions as a key regulator of plasma lipid levels. Human apoE exists as three common isoforms and the parent form, apoE3, operates optimally in promoting clearance of triglyceride (TG)‐rich lipoproteins and is associated with normal plasma lipid levels. This result occurs because apoE3 possesses both the requisite lipid‐binding ability and affinity for the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) to mediate appropriate lipolytic processing and endocytosis of TG‐rich lipoprotein remnant particles. ApoE2 which differs from apoE3 by the single amino acid substitution Arg158Cys located near the LDLR recognition site exhibits impaired binding to the receptor and an inability to promote clearance of TG‐rich lipoprotein remnant particles; this isoform is associated with Type‐III hyperlipoproteinemia. ApoE4 which differs from apoE3 by the single amino acid substitution Cys112Arg is also associated with dyslipidemia although binding of this isoform to the LDLR is unaffected. The amino acid substitution affects the organization and stability of both the N‐terminal helix bundle domain and separately folded C‐terminal domain so that apoE4 has enhanced lipid binding ability. As a consequence, apoE4 binds better than apoE3 to the surface of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and impairs their lipolytic processing in the circulation so that apoE4 is associated with a more pro‐atherogenic lipoprotein‐cholesterol distribution (higher VLDL‐cholesterol/high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol ratio). This review summarizes current understanding of the structural differences between apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the alterations in lipoprotein metabolism resulting from this polymorphism of apoE. Detailed knowledge of how expression of structurally distinct apoE variants modifies lipoprotein metabolism provides a basis for developing ways to manipulate the functionality of apoE in vivo. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(9):616–623, 2014
A systematic replication of teaching children with autism to respond appropriately to lures from strangers
Authors: Bergstrom Ryan , Najdowski Adel C. , Tarbox Jonathan
Published: October 2014

We evaluated the effects of behavioral skills training in the home for teaching children with autism to abstain from going with strangers and immediately inform a familiar adult of the stranger's attempt to lure them in the natural environment. All participants learned to respond correctly to lures in the home and demonstrated concomitant changes in untrained natural settings. In situ training and an added incentive were necessary for 1 participant.
What the New Leverage Ratio Means to Banks and Their Customers
Authors: Fischer Dov
Published: October 2014

In April 2014, the Federal Reserve announced that, beginning in 2018, it will require large banks to calculate a new leverage ratio. How will the new leverage ratio affect banks and their customers? What steps are banks likely to take in anticipation of the new leverage ratio coming into effect, and how can their customers prepare for changes in bank policies in reaction to the new leverage ratio? One thing seems clear: The new leverage ratio will cause banks to reduce their exposure to credit derivatives and to credit lines extended to customers.
Early Gene Expression in Salivary Gland After Isoproterenol Treatment
Authors: Zhou Yi , Chen Hung‐I H. , Lin AL , Dang H , Haack Karin , Cole Shelley A. , Huang Yufei , Yu Haiyang , Chen Yidong , Yeh Chih‐Ko
Published: October 2014

Isoproterenol, a β‐adrenergic agonist, has been shown to induce salivary gland hyperplasia. However, the mechanism involved in this pharmacological phenomenon is not well understood. To gain a better understanding of the underlying changes, including genes, networks and pathways altered by isoproterenol, microarray‐based gene expression analysis was conducted on rat parotid glands at 10, 30, and 60 min after isoproterenol injection. After isoproterenol treatment, the number of differentially expressed genes was increased in a time‐dependent manner. Pathway analysis showed that cell hyperplasia, p38MAPK, and IGF‐1 were the most altered function, network and pathway, respectively. The balanced regulation of up‐ and down‐expression of genes related to cell proliferation/survival may provide a better understanding of the mechanism of isoproterenol‐induced parotid gland enlargement without tumor transformation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 431–437, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in critically ill children
Authors: Hennig Stefanie , Norris Ross , Tu Quyen , van Breda Karin , Riney Kate , Foster Kelly , Lister Bruce , Charles Bruce
Published: October 2014

The objective was to study the population pharmacokinetics of bound and unbound phenytoin in critically ill children, including influences on the protein binding profile. A population pharmacokinetic approach was used to analyze paired protein‐unbound and total phenytoin plasma concentrations (n = 146 each) from 32 critically ill children (0.08–17 years of age) who were admitted to a pediatric hospital, primarily intensive care unit. The pharmacokinetics of unbound and bound phenytoin and the influence of possible influential covariates were modeled and evaluated using visual predictive checks and bootstrapping. The pharmacokinetics of protein‐unbound phenytoin was described satisfactorily by a 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption in conjunction with a linear partition coefficient parameter to describe the binding of phenytoin to albumin. The partitioning coefficient describing protein binding and distribution to bound phenytoin was estimated to be 8.22. Nonlinear elimination of unbound phenytoin was not supported in this patient group. Weight, allometrically scaled for clearance and volume of distribution for the unbound and bound compartments, and albumin concentration significantly influenced the partition coefficient for protein binding of phenytoin. The population model can be applied to estimate the fraction of unbound phenytoin in critically ill children given an individual's albumin concentration.
Comparative study of decalcification versus nondecalcification for histological evaluation of one‐wall periodontal intrabony defects in dogs
Authors: Park Sang‐Hyun , Choi HyunMin , Han Jin‐Soo , Park Young‐Bum
Published: October 2014

Biological reactions between biomaterials and surrounding tissues, analyzed by histology, may be important predictors of clinical healing pattern and selection of slide preparation techniques requires a careful consideration regarding sample properties. In this study, we compared histology of bone specimens prepared with or without decalcification and performed histological and histomorphometrical assessments. For the histological evaluation, one‐wall intrabony defects were created around the mandibular molars of six adult dogs, filled with biphasic calcium phosphate, synthetic bone graft material/recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‐2, and healing pattern was histologically evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks. New bone formation in 5 × 4 × 4 mm defects and the length of new cementum, connective tissue attachments around the teeth and number of osteoclasts were measured by histomorphometric analysis. After decalcification, new cementum was easily observed and was significantly increased at week 4. In nondecalcified samples, significantly increased connective tissue attachments were seen at week 12. After 12 weeks, the number of countable multinucleated osteoclasts was significantly increased by 62% in nondecalcified versus calcified tissue sections (P = 0.030). Histomorphometric results may be significantly affected by histological preparation method and therefore, selecting the most appropriate histological preparation method is essential for reliable diagnosis and evaluation of bony samples in studies analyzing tissue regeneration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:94–104, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
UNDERSTANDING THE POW EXPERIENCE: STRESS RESEARCH AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 1955 U.S. ARMED FORCES CODE OF CONDUCT
Authors: GENTER ROBERT
Published: October 2014

Facing accusations about weak military discipline following the supposedly poor behavior of American soldiers held captive during the Korean War, President Dwight Eisenhower instituted a Code of Conduct for the Armed Services in 1955. In response, military leaders hired numerous social and behavioral scientists to investigate the nature of the prisoner‐of‐war (POW) experience. These researchers not only challenged official government accounts of POW activities but opened up a new field of study—stress research. They also changed military training policy, which soon focused more on stress inoculation training, and, in so doing, helped lead the shift in psychology away from behaviorism to ego and cognitive psychology. In this sense, my article ties shifts within the social and behavioral sciences in the 1950s to the military history of the early Cold War, a connection generally missing from most accounts of this period.
A microwave radiosynthesis of the 4‐[18F]‐fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium ion
Authors: Ravert Hayden T. , Holt Daniel P. , Dannals Robert F.
Published: October 2014

The 4‐[18F]‐fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium cation was synthesized by a series of microwave reactions from no carrier added [18F]‐fluoride. The microwave procedure reduced the quantity of reagents used and synthesis time when compared with the original synthesis. In addition, problematic solid phase extraction, sodium borohydride reduction by column and inconsistent yields with excessive precipitate formation during the bromination step were eliminated. The 4‐[18F]‐fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium cation was produced radiochemically pure in 8.3% yield with a specific radioactivity of 534.5 ± 371.4 GBq/µmole at end of synthesis.
A note on the paper ‘Analytical approach to heat and mass transfer in MHD free convection from a moving permeable vertical surface’ by A. Asgharian, D.D. Ganji, S. Soleimani, S. Asgharian, N. Sedaghatyzade and B. Mohammadi, Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, 2011, 34 2209‐2217
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios , Fang Tiegang
Published: October 2014

The present note presents some errors in the aforementioned paper published in Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences. Two errors are found in the definition of the non‐dimensional parameters and correct results are presented for temperature profiles included in figure 10 of the previous paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OVGP1 is expressed in the canine oviduct at the time and place of oocyte maturation and fertilization
Authors: Saint‐Dizier Marie , Marnier Céline , Tahir Muhammad Zahid , Grimard Bénédicte , Thoumire Sandra , Chastant‐Maillard Sylvie , Reynaud Karine
Published: October 2014

In the dog, oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development take place within the oviduct in the presence of increasing circulating progesterone (P4) levels. Expression of the oviduct‐specific glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1), known in other species to be estrogen‐dependent, was explored by real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcriptase PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in oviducts from adult Beagle bitches during anestrus and at five specific time periods around ovulation: during pro‐estrus before the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak (Pre‐LH); after the LH peak and before ovulation (Pre‐ov); and at Days 1, 4, and 7 after ovulation (n = 6 bitches per stage). Plasma estradiol‐17β (E2) and P4 were assayed at all stages. The expression of canine OVGP1 (cOVGP1) was undetectable during anestrus, increased significantly from Pre‐LH to Day 1 in parallel with a decrease in plasma E2‐to‐P4 levels, remained high at Day 4, then decreased at Day 7 in parallel with an increase in plasma P4 levels. In contrast to other mammals, the expression of cOVGP1 was higher in the isthmus than in the ampulla at all stages. In order to explore the potential regulation of cOVGP1 expression by steroids, the 5′‐flanking region of the corresponding gene was analyzed for the presence of estrogen‐ (ERE) and P4‐response‐element (PRE). An imperfect ERE and three half‐ERE were found in this region, but no PREs. In conclusion, cOVGP1 is highly expressed at the time and site of oocyte maturation and fertilization, and is probably under E2 regulation. Further studies are needed to identify the potential roles of cOVGP1 in each process. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 972–982, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of pumping parameters in fluid‐driven fractures in weak porous formations
Authors: Sarris Ernestos , Papanastasiou Panos
Published: October 2014

In this work, we investigate the main pumping parameters that influence a fluid‐driven fracture in cohesive poroelastic and poroelastoplastic weak formations. These parameters include the fluid viscosity and the injection rate. The first parameter dominates in the mapping of the propagation regimes from toughness to viscosity, whereas the second parameter controls the storage to leak‐off dominated regime through diffusion.

The fracture is driven in weak permeable porous formation by injecting an incompressible viscous fluid at the fracture inlet assuming that the fracture propagates under plane strain conditions. Fluid flow in the fracture is modeled by lubrication theory. Pore fluid movement in the porous formation is based on the Darcy law. The coupling follows the Biot theory, whereas the irreversible rock deformation is modeled with the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion with associative flow rule. Fracture propagation criterion is based on the cohesive zone approach. Leak‐off is also considered. The investigation is performed numerically with the FEM to obtain the fracture opening, length, and propagation pressure versus time.

We demonstrate that pumping parameters influence the fracture geometry and fluid pressures in weak formations through the viscous fluid flow and the diffusion process that create back stresses and large plastic zones as the fracture propagates. It is also shown that the product of the propagation velocity and fluid viscosity, µv that appears in the scaling controls the magnitude of the plastic zones and influences the net pressure and fracture geometry. These findings may explain partially the discrepancies in net pressures between field measurements and conventional model predictions for the case of weak porous formation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subwavelength nanostructures integrated with polymer‐packaged iii–v solar cells for omnidirectional, broad‐spectrum improvement of photovoltaic performance
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Li Ping‐Chun , Ji Li , Stender Christopher , McPheeters Claiborne , Tatavarti Sudersena Rao , Sablon Kimberly , Yu Edward T.
Published: October 2014

Reduction in surface and interface reflectance via the integration of subwavelength nanostructures in flexible polymer packaging material combined with incorporation of dielectric nanoislands into a conventional two‐layer antireflection coating has been demonstrated, analyzed and optimized. Transmittance measurements of moth‐eye textured polymer packaging sheets with different tapered pillar heights fabricated by reactive‐ion etching and nanosphere lithography provide insights into the choice of the optimum nanostructure dimensions. Detailed computational modeling and simulations elucidate the physical nature of the antireflection performance of dielectric nanoisland structures integrated with a commercial two‐layer antireflection coating, and provide guidance for design of the nanoisland structure for optimum antireflection performance. Measurements show that the integration of appropriately designed nanostructures in both polymer packaging material and conventional antireflection layers enables substantial increases in external quantum efficiency (E.Q.E.) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc) over a broad range of incident angles, compared to structures with conventional bilayer antireflection coatings and unpatterned polymer packaging sheets. A 1.1× increase in Jsc, derived directly from E.Q.E. measurements, at normal incidence, increasing to 1.67× improvement at 80° angle of incidence, suggests that such an approach is promising for a variety of photovoltaic applications, particularly those where solar tracking is not feasible or practical. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT PRACTICES: A SURVEY OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS
Authors: Sotelo‐Dynega Marlene , Dixon Shauna G.
Published: October 2014

The present article describes an exploratory study regarding the preferred cognitive assessment practices of current school psychologists. Three hundred and twenty‐three school psychologists participated in the survey. The results suggest that the majority of school psychologists endorsed that they base their assessment practices on an underlying theoretical framework, specifically Cattell‐Horn‐Carroll (CHC) theory. Despite this finding, the majority of those sampled continue to engage in traditional assessment practices that are not consistent with CHC theory. Furthermore, the majority of those sampled reported that they assess culturally and linguistically diverse students and modify their practices when doing so. Unfortunately, the modifications endorsed by those surveyed might be discriminatory. The implications of these findings are discussed herein.
TEACHER‐TO‐TEACHER CONSULTATION: FACILITATING CONSISTENT AND EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION ACROSS GRADE LEVELS FOR STUDENTS WITH ADHD
Authors: Gormley Matthew J. , Dupaul George J.
Published: October 2014

Teacher‐to‐teacher consultation (TTC) is an extension of standard behavioral consultation that seeks to transfer an established and effective intervention across a grade‐level transition by including teachers from both grade levels as conjoint consultees at the beginning of the second school year. The purpose of the current study was to determine if TTC could facilitate the maintenance of previous intervention‐level behavioral functioning across a grade‐level transition for three students with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A multiple baseline, multiple probe design was employed. Results indicated that the TTC procedure was able to maintain the behavioral gains made during Year 1, across a grade‐level transition into Year 2. Additionally, acceptability data demonstrated that both teachers and students found the procedure and resultant interventions acceptable.
ROMP synthesis of novel thermo‐, pH‐, and salt‐responsive (co)polymers containing the morpholino functional group
Authors: van Hensbergen Johannes A. , Ganda Sylvia , Roth Peter J. , Burford Robert P. , Lowe Andrew B.
Published: October 2014

We report the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) synthesis of novel (co)polymers containing the multiresponsive morpholino functional group [(3aR,7aS)−2‐(2‐morpholinoethyl)−3a,4,7,7a‐tetrahydro‐1H−4,7‐epoxyisoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione (M1)]. All (co)polymers were prepared with the Grubbs' first generation initiator, RuCl2(PCy3)2CHPh, in CH2Cl2 or CH2Cl2/2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol solvent mixtures. M1 homopolymers exhibit a pH dependent aqueous solubility being fully soluble below pH 5.0 and above pH 6.0. At these intermediate values, the polymers exhibit molecular weight (MW) independent inverse temperature dependent solubility with measured cloud points (TCP) of 86 °C at pH 5.0 and 79 °C at pH 6.0. In the case of the lowest MW homopolymer (absolute MW of 9950 g/mol), there was a clear dependence of the TCP on the homopolymer solution concentration and varied over the range 78–88 °C. The TCP could be further tuned via the preparation of novel AB statistical copolymers. Incorporation of a permanently cationic comonomer as a more hydrophilic species resulted in an increase of the TCP at low incorporations (up to 10 mol %) and the complete disappearance of any temperature dependent solubility at 20 mol %. In a complementary approach, the TCP could also be lowered by the preparation of statistical copolymers of M1 with a more hydrophobic comonomer. Finally, we note that M1 homopolymers are also responsive to Na2SO4 and could be readily salted‐out of an aqueous solution salt at a [Na2SO4] of 2.0 M giving a third trigger for controlling aqueous solubility. These copolymers represent examples of new multiresponsive materials and demonstrate the effectiveness of ROMP as a synthetic tool for the preparation of new and interesting materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 50–58
Synthesis of L‐Lys‐Aminoxy‐Goralatide
Authors: Li Zhiliang , Lebedyeva Iryna , Zhao Deqian , Myers Lauren , Pillai Girinath G. , Hall Charles Dennis , Katritzky Alan R.
Published: October 2014

Natural tetrapeptide Goralatide inhibits primitive hematopoietic cell proliferation but reported to be rather unstable in solution (half‐life 4.5 min). In this work, we report the synthesis of an aminoxy analog of Goralatide. Aminoxy moiety is expected to provide increased stability and bioavailability of the Goralatide analog. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of hybrid isolation on the luminescence enhancement of carbon nanotube–gold nanorod composites
Authors: Glaeske Mareen , Setaro Antonio
Published: October 2014

We optimize carbon nanotube–gold hybrids demonstrating enhanced optical response. Here we investigate the overall enhancement of the luminescence of the hybrids and whether it can be improved by extending the synthesis protocol. To this purpose, we monitor the dependence of the enhanced photoluminescence yield of our hybrids versus the emission yield over time.
An overview of optical coherence tomography for ovarian tissue imaging and characterization
Authors: Wang Tianheng , Brewer Molly , Zhu Quing
Published: October 2014

Ovarian cancer has the lowest survival rate among all the gynecologic cancers because it is predominantly diagnosed at late stages due to the lack of reliable symptoms and efficacious screening techniques. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique that provides high‐resolution images of biological tissue in real time, and demonstrates great potential for imaging of ovarian tissue. In this article, we review OCT studies for visualization and diagnosis of human ovaries as well as quantitative extraction of ovarian tissue optical properties for classifying normal and malignant ovaries. OCT combined with other imaging modalities to further improve ovarian tissue diagnosis is also reviewed. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:1–16. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1306

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
The [Sn2S6]4– Anion Acting as Tetradentate Linker: ­Solvothermal Synthesis and Selected Properties of {[TM(phen)2]2Sn2S6} and {[TM(phen)2]2Sn2S6}·phen·H2O (TM = Fe, Co)
Authors: Hilbert Jessica , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

Four new compounds with the [Sn2S6]4– anion acting as tetradentate ligand to metal cations of [TM(phen)2]2+ complexes (TM = Fe, Co; phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. The compounds are rare cases where Fe2+/Co2+ cations form bonds to sulfide anions of a thiometallate anion. In the structures of the compounds the {[TM(phen)2]2Sn2S6} molecule is the main structural motif. The phen ligands of neighboring molecules are oriented in a way that off‐center parallel stacking results leading to weak intermolecular interactions. In two of the four compounds a free phen molecule is trapped between adjacent {[TM(phen)2]2Sn2S6} moieties and an additional H2O molecule is located near the two nitrogen atoms of the free phen molecule. The Hirshfeld surface analysis yields a variety of weak intermolecular interactions which may be regarded as essential for the packing arrangement of the different constituents and the stability of the compounds.
Reduction of filtered K-theory and a characterization of Cuntz-Krieger algebras
Authors: Arklint Sara E. , Bentmann Rasmus , Katsura Takeshi
Published: October 2014

We show that filtered K-theory is equivalent to a substantially smaller invariant for all real-rank-zeroC*-algebras with certain primitive ideal spaces—including the infinitely many so-called accordion spaces for which filtered K-theory is known to be a complete invariant. As a consequence, we give a characterization of purely infinite Cuntz–Krieger algebras whose primitive ideal space is an accordion space.
Hydrodynamic Responses of a Spar-Type Floating Wind Turbine in High Waves
Authors: Lee Y-J. , Ho C.-Y. , Huang Z.-Z.
Published: October 2014

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) can be used to exploit the enormous wind energy present over deep waters. Numerous studies have examined the dynamics of FOWTs, but few have focused on validating numerical results with experimental results, particularly for a deep draught FOWT in regions with frequent tropical storms. For this study, we developed a computer code and conducted experiments with a scale model to validate the simulation results. The computer code was first verified by comparing the results with those of the International Energy Agency Wind Task 23. Numerical simulations were implemented in both the frequency domain and the time domain. A comparison of the numerical and experimental results of the scale model in high waves showed good agreement. The flexibility of blades and the tower did not observably affect the motion of the deep draft spar-type FOWT. Therefore, it can be ignored in the preliminary design. The pitch motion of the scale model was within 1°. Therefore, the spar-type FOWT may be an effective power source for regions with frequent tropical storms.
Some Simple Tests of Rational Voting and Agenda Setting
Authors: Corcoran Sean , Romer Thomas , Rosenthal Howard
Published: October 2014

This article analyzes election data that permit simple tests of rational voting and agenda setting. The voting test pertains to aggregate election results. The prediction is that when voters have single-peaked preferences, there will be more opposition to the second of two budget proposals that are voted on simultaneously. Unlike the standard binary choice setting, not all voters have weakly undominated voting strategies, but the game among the voters can be solved simply by iterative application of weak dominance. The agenda-setting prediction tested is that agenda setters should make one proposal rather than two when given the option. The data come from Oregon school district financial elections from 1980–83, years in which the rules for these elections were abruptly changed.
Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese community: the Takayama study
Authors: Nagata Chisato , Wada Keiko , Tsuji Michiko , Kawachi Toshiaki , Nakamura Kozue
Published: October 2014

Diets with a high glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) have been hypothesised to increase the risk of diabetes, CVD and some cancers. In the present study, the associations of dietary GI and GL with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were prospectively examined in a general population in Japan, where white rice is the main contributor of dietary GI and GL. A total of 28 356 residents of Takayama City, Japan, who responded to a self-administered questionnaire in 1992 were included in the present analyses. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. Mortality was ascertained over 16 years. In men, dietary GI was found to be significantly inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and non-cancer, non-cardiovascular mortality; the hazard ratios (HR) for the highest v. lowest quartile were 0·80 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·95) and 0·64 (95 % CI 0·49, 0·84), respectively. Dietary GL was found to be significantly inversely associated with the risk of all-cause, cancer, and non-cancer, non-cardiovascular mortality; the HR for the highest v. lowest quartile were 0·71 (95 % CI 0·59, 0·86), 0·71 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·99) and 0·64 (95 % CI 0·48, 0·87), respectively. The results obtained for the GL derived from white rice, but not from other foods, closely mirrored those obtained for overall GL. In women, dietary GI was found to be significantly positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality; the HR for the highest v. lowest quartile was 1·56 (95 % CI 1·15, 2·13). The results of the present study suggest potential favourable effects of dietary GI and GL on mortality in men, but an association between high GI and an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in women.
Diagnosis of the pinwormSyphacia murisin the Wistar ratRattus norvegicus
Authors: Sousa J.E.N. , Carvalho E.F.G. , Levenhagen M.A. , Chaves L.A. , Costa-Cruz J.M.
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to compare three qualitative parasitological methods for the diagnosis ofSyphacia murisinfection in 30 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) infected naturally. Methods of spontaneous sedimentation (Hoffman, Pons and Janer, or HPJ) and spontaneous flotation (Willis) for faecal samples and a method of taping (Graham) were performed and compared. The Graham and Willis methods were more sensitive than the HPJ method (P< 0.05). The Graham method was able to detectS. muriseggs in 100% of the samples. Eggs were detected in 83% and 60% of the samples using the Willis and HPJ methods, respectively. Method choice is important for screening for parasites of rats kept under laboratory conditions, as accurate diagnosis helps prevent future environmental contamination and infection. We concluded that the Graham method was the most efficient of those tested in this study for detection ofS. murisinfection in rats. This method is also rapid, inexpensive and practical, and should be implemented as a necessary measure for infection control.