bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLAR PHASE INSTABILITY IN THE PARAELECTRIC REGION OF PMN-PT RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC CRYSTALS
Authors: Shabbir G.
Published: January 2025

The phase instabilities in the (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) relaxor ferroelectric single crystals with orientations [110] and [111] were investigated as a function of temperature and dc-bias voltage. The composition of crystals was in the range of morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region with x 0.33. Two structural phase transition anomalies were observed in the temperature dependent capacitance of the two crystals related to paraelectric cubic to ferroelectric tetragonal and then to rhombohedral/monoclinic symmetry changes. A remarkable shift in the cubic-tetragonal phase transition boundary towards the higher temperature side was observed with increasing bias voltage. The origin of this dc-bias assisted unusual instability, apparently inside the cubic phase, was associated to the presence and complex dynamics of polar nanoregions (PNRs).
DENSITY VARIATION EFFECTS ON CROSS DIMENSION (CD) STRENGTH OF PHENOLIC MULTILAYERED COMPOSITES FABRICATED VIA VARTM
Authors: Nasir M. A. , Khan Z. , Ullah Mudaser , Pasha R. A. , Rahman R. A. , Ali Q. , Anas S. , Nauman S. , Amin S.
Published: January 2025

Different phenolic composites categorized on the basis of different reinforcing fibers, each fiber has a constant length of 50 mm in its respective composite grade, are investigated on the basis of varying number of piles per square area of tested zone. As the piles differ in interested zone then resultantly density is changed for each composite grade, although the resin and hardener are k ept constant for each sample of tested composite type. Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) technique is used to synthesis all phenolic composites used in this research. During synthesis of each grade the same resin (Resole) and hardener (Ry lex30) are used in VARTM setup, however the fiber volume ratio is changed from 52-60% with respect to density range utilized in this work. Detail design description of VARTM is also discussed and optimized up to maximum scale to acquire compact, uniformly strengthen and porosity banned specimens. Cross Dimension (CD) Tensile and flexure strength variability with respect to density (changing fiber volume ratio) of each grade is viewed on experimental basis and tried to explain their behavior.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF h -HEMIREGULAR AND h -SEMISIMPLE HEMIRINGS BY INTERVAL VALUED ( , ) q -FUZZY h -IDEALS
Authors: Mahmood T.
Published: January 2025

In this paper we define interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy h-subhemirings, interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy interior h-ideals, interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy prime h-ideals, interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy semiprime h-ideals. We characterize hhemiregular and h-semisimple hemirings by the properties of these interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy h-ideals. Keywords: Interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy h-ideals, interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy interior h-ideals, interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy prime h-ideals, interval valued ( , ) q -fuzzy semiprime h-ideals, h-hemiregular, h-semisimple hemirings.
POWER BUDGET ANALYSIS OF REFLECTED GPS L1 AND L5 FREQUENCY SIGNALS FOR PASSIVE MICROWAVE IMAGING
Authors: Sakhawat S. , Usman M. , Hanif A.
Published: January 2025

The GPS signals are commonly used for navigation purposes. Another utilization of reflected GPS signals is for remote sensing. This paper focuses on the power budget analysis of bi-static radar using GPS satellite as a â€œtransmitter of opportunityâ€. In this application the direct and reflected GPS signals are acquired using customized hardware, where the receiver can be mounted on an airborne platform or remain static. GPS satellites currently transmit L1 frequency signals with C/A codes used as a ranging signal, but plans for transmitting additional L5 frequency signals as part of GPS modernization efforts are underway. Here we present the simulated results for power budget analysis of both GPS L1 and L5 frequency signals. The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for different ranges is calculated and results have been plotted. It can be deduced that SNR of GPS L5 reflected signal is higher as compared to GPS L1 signal for similar target ranges and therefore, these signals are more suitable for remote sensing applications as compared to GPS L1 signals. Simulation is carried out in MATLABÂ®.
VITRINITE REFLECTANCE STUDIES OF DISPERSED ORGANIC MATERIAL FROM NORTHLAND ALLOCHTHON ROCKS, NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Aadil N. , D. Sohail G. M.
Published: January 2025

The Northland Allochthon is a structurally displaced rock unit locat ed between Three Kings Island and Mt. Camel in northern North Island, New Zealand. Lithologically, the allochthonous unit is composed of different lithofacies comprising sandstone, siltst one, greensand, siliceous mudstone, argillaceous micritic limestone and rare coal measures alongwith dispersed organic matter. In this paper, vitrinite reflectance of dispersed organic matter in non-coaly clastic rocks from different lithofacies of Northland Allochthon, Rocks, North Island, New Zealand is analyzed to assess the degree of diagenesis of organic matter and paleo temperature. Vitrinite Reflectance values range from 0.30 to 2.00 %Rm and correspond to estimate of palaeotemperature of 60 to 180 C. Oldest sedimentary complex may have been affected by heating to 300 C from intrusion of keratophyre dykes.
SOURCE ROCK EVALUATION WITH INTERPRETATION OF WIRELINE LOGS: A CASE STUDY OF LOWER INDUS BASIN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Aadil N. , Tayyab M. H. , Naji A. M.
Published: January 2025

The qualitative interpretation of the log data succeeds in translating the inherited log responses into organic content and source rock identification. The quantitative interpretation of the petrophysical parameters helped in determination of the total organic content and source rock potential. The criteria for distinguishing shale from sedimentary layers are low density, high sonic transit time, high porosity and high resistivity of shales. The responses of wireline logs in relation to the increasing of organic matter (OM) content is detected through crossplot technique. By this way, the organic matter is identified with increasing in gamma-ray values, sonic transit-time, neutron porosity, resistivity and with reduction in the formation bulk density. The open hole well log data (DLL, FDC, BHC and CNL) of SANN-1 well of Kirthar Trough, Southern Indus Basin (Sindh province) Pakistan, is utilized to determine the organic content of Lower Goru and Sember formations. In this paper, an attempt was made to establish a quantity correlation between standard well logs (sonic, density, neutron and resistivity) and total organic carbon by means of a technique called Î”LogR. In calculating total organic carbon content (TOC), porosity/resistivity overlay technique was used. TOC measured by Î” logR technique at depth interval between 3270 to 3585 meters yielded an average value of 2.78% for Lower Goru Formation and 3.31% for Sember formation. These values were in agreement with the reported values in the literature.
Enhanced Photolumincence and Electrochemical Performance of ZnO/ZnS Coaxial Nanocables
Authors: Ahmad M. , Sun H. , Nisar A. , Maaz K. , Ali G. , Karim S.
Published: January 2025

ZnO based sulfide coaxial nanocables have been prepared by a two-step hydrothermal approach for the investigation of lithium storage capacity. The as-prepared ZnO/ZnS structures are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photospectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) and by electrochemical work station. It has been found that these nanostructures demonstrate higher initial discharge capacity of 1096 mAhg-1 with a 69% coulombic efficiency at a rate of 120 mAhg-1 between 2 to 0.02 V. In addition, ZnO/ZnS structures show a significantly improved photoluminescence performance as compare with pure ZnO NWs. The enhanced lithium storage capacity and PL performance is ascribed to the coaxial structure of both materials.
Dielectric and Magnetic Characterization of Sol-Gel Synthesized SrMnO3 Perovskite
Authors: Abbas K. , Atiq S. , Riaz S. , Naseem S.
Published: January 2025

Large exchange coupling has been reported in B-site magnetic perovskites which results in higher magnetic ordering temperatures. SrMnO3 is a perovskite manganite which has strong magnetostructural and magnetoelectronic effects such as colossal magnetoresistance, thus making it feasible in applications like magnetic sensors and information storage. Here we report a phase pure synthesis of SrMnO3 using sol-gel auto-combustion method. The crystal structure was optimized by sintering the prepared samples at temperatures like 400 Â°C, 600 Â°C, 800 Â°C, 1000 Â°C and 1200 Â°C for 4 hours. Structural studies through X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of perovskite SrMnO3. Dielectric studies were performed through impedance analyzer revealed the semiconducting behavior as the sintering temperature is raised. The magnetic study through vibrating sample magnetometer discloses enhancement of magnetization due to the ion displacement effect when the sintering temperature was changed.
Partial Fingerprint Image Enhancement using Region Division Technique and Morphological Transform
Authors: Ahmad A. , Arshad I. , Raja G.
Published: January 2025

Fingerprints are the most renowned biometric trait for identification and verification. The quality of fingerprint image plays a vital role in feature extraction and matching. Existing algorithms work well for good quality fingerprint images and fail for partial fingerprint images as they are obtained from excessively dry fingers or affected by disease resulting in broken ridges. We propose an algorithm to enhance partial fingerprint images using morphological operations with region division technique. The proposed method divides low quality image into six regions from top to bottom. Morphological operations choose an appropriate Structuring Element (SE) that joins broken ridges and thus enhance the image for further processing. The proposed method uses SE â€œlineâ€ with suitable angle ðœƒ and radius ð‘Ÿ in each region based on the orientation of the ridges. The algorithm is applied to 14 low quality fingerprint images from FVC-2002 database. Experimental results show that percentage accuracy has been improved using the proposed algorithm. The manual markup has been reduced and accuracy of 76.16% with Equal Error Rate (EER) of 3.16% is achieved.
Evaluation of Relationships between Drilling Rate Index and Physical and Strength Properties of Selected Rock Units of Pakistan
Authors: Shafique U. , Abu Bakar M. Z.
Published: January 2025

Fifteen selected rock types collected from different formations of Pakistan were subjected to Drilling Rate Index (DRI) tests and various physical and strength properties tests including, porosity (n), density, primary wave velocity (Vp), uniaxial compressive strength (Ïƒc), Brazilian tensile strength (Ïƒt) and Schmidt hammer rebound number (Rn),. Prior knowledge of the drill ability of rocks and their physico-mechanical properties plays a decisive role in planning and design of rock drilling and excavation processes. DRI tests developed by NTNU/SINTEF are in use by the industry since 1960s and have proved very successful in estimation of the boreability of rocks, but no such work has been reported for Pakistani rocks to date. Reasonable correlations were found between the DRI and the properties of the tested rocks. The trends shown in this paper are of interest for the machine manufacturers and operators working on various projects involving the use of drilling machines and other mechanical excavators.
Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis for H2 Production Using Steam Oxygen Gasification in Aspen Plus
Authors: Latif A. , Ramzan N.
Published: January 2025

In this study, steady state simulation model of steam oxygen gasification has been developed in Aspen Plus for hydrogen production using Pakistani Thar coal. Aspen Plus is selected as a simulation tool due to its higher capability of handling solid feed using physical models. Steam oxygen gasifier has been modeled in two steps; first utilizing DECOMP succeeding RGibbs unit operation model. Simulation results include; sensitivity analysis of coal slurry concentration , oxygen to coal mass ratio and gasifier operating temperature. Influence of the above mentioned parameters are analyzed on lower heating value of syngas, thermal efficiency, gasifier efficiency and molar fraction of hydrogen in enriched syngas.Simulation results provide the following optimal operating conditions; 50% solid concentration, 0.48 O2 to coal mass ratio, low shift reactor operating temperature 473 K, high shift reactor operating temperature 623 K and gasifier operating temperature 1173 K for the production of syngas having 92% H2 molar composition.
An Assessment of Medical Physics Knowledge of Undergraduate Physics Students
Authors: Ali S. , Hussain A.
Published: January 2025

Medical physics in an applied branch of physics in which physics principle applied in medicine. With the tremendous advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic site medical physics had taken more intention. In this study we assessed the medical physics knowledge of the undergraduate physics students. The study includes 2nd year (n=180), 3rd year (n=140) and final year students (n=70), studying physics as a major subject. The paper comprises of 12 MCQ’s that covers radiology, radiation physics, radiation protection and physics of radiation therapy. The students were given 12 minutes to answer the questions. On average 56 (31.2%) students from second year answer the paper correctly. This value increased to 57(41%) and 35(50%) for the third and final year students. Only 33(17%) students of the second year gave the correct answer to the radiation oncology section. The results slightly increased to 23% (n=33) for the third year students. The final year students performed better and the passing score was 28.1% (n=19) in this section. All the students performed better in radiation physics section, where the overall scores for 2nd, 3rd and 4th year were 47.2%(n=85), 54.8%(n=77) and 55.7%(n=39) respectively. From this study we conclude that the final year students have significant knowledge in all four areas.
Prediction of Comfort Parameters for Naturally Ventilated Underground Car Parks
Authors: Khatoon S. , Shah A. N.
Published: January 2025

With the increased population and rapid motorization in urban areas of Pakistan, the concept of underground car parking areas in multistory buildings is increasing day by day and is a viable solution for modern high rise shopping malls. However, maintaining a thermal comfort level and dilution of vehicle emission for naturally ventilated basements is very challenging since the toxic pollutants cause serious health issues. Computational Fluid dynamics FLUENT is a valuable tool for study of mean air speed, pressure and velocity streams and is supportive in identification of red zones inside the building and is becoming a legal requirement. The research is an effort to implement two of the available FLUENT turbulent models using finite volume technique on an existing two level basement under a multistory building, predicting the best suitable model. The evaluation for each model is performed by developing the 3D model for each level of basement, meshed with equal number of cells and analyzed under same boundary conditions. In addition, an effort is made to investigate the gaseous emission from vehicle exhaust. Indoor air quality is assessed by defining the CO generation rate and respective ACH (Air Changes per Hour) are determined using ANSI/ASHRAE 62-1989 for a maximum concentration of 25ppm and 35ppm. The acceptable indoor air quality specifies a fixed ventilation rate of 7.62 L/s.m2 i.e. 1.5 cfm/ft2 of gross floor area, which means that a ventilation flow of about 11.25 air changes per hour is required for garage with 2.5m (8 ft) ceiling height. Results showed that for level-I the number of air changes required are 17 with a concentration limit of 25ppm of CO in an hour while with limit of 35ppm 12 ACH are enough for dilution of indoor air. For Level-II, which is used to its maximum capacity, the number of air changes required are 11 with limit of 25ppm but drop down to 7 with concentration limit of 35ppm. A parametric analysis for garage height and CO generation shows that with an increase in garage height the ventilation rate required to keep CO level minimum or within acceptable level also increases as the volume of car park increases.
Presence of Toxic Metals and Their Effects in Finished Leather Goods
Authors: Rana B. B. , Ehsan A. M. , Sultan A.
Published: January 2025

This study examines the presence of heavy metals in different types of leather finished goods. Various leather items like gloves, shoe soles and leather pieces for jackets were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and their toxic effects in our environment are discussed. Cadmium, lead and chromium are the most common heavy metals present in leather finished goods and are a cause for concern. Many countries in Europe and America have banned or limited their use in leather processing. This study reveals that the levels of heavy metals in most of the leather goods manufactured by different companies in Pakistan are within permissible limits. However, in some of the samples tested in this study, the amounts of cadmium, lead and chromium are considerably high which requires special attention from all stakeholders to bring it down to acceptable level. Failing to do so will be detrimental for export of these leather goods to Europe and America
The Perspective of Hidden Curriculum in The Field of Medical Education
Authors: Das Suprava , Sadikan Muhammad Zulfiqah , Khin Thane Oo
Published: January 2025

The hidden curriculum in medical education is a powerful but often unnoticed force that shapes students' professional identities and ethical behaviour. Introduced in the 1960s and applied to medical education in 1994, it encompasses the unspoken norms, values, and behaviours that students absorb, often without realizing it. This review delves into how the hidden curriculum influences medical education, revealing the challenges it creates, such as the disconnect between the ideals taught in the classroom and the realities faced in practice. To bridge this gap, it’s crucial to integrate non-cognitive skills like empathy, communication, and ethical reasoning into the curriculum. By thoughtfully designing educational strategies and providing targeted training, we can harness the hidden curriculum’s positive potential while minimizing its drawbacks, ultimately creating a more compassionate and ethically grounded approach to medical education.
The art of Mentoring students with Japanese principles.
Authors: Sabesan Gokul Shankar
Published: January 2025

N/A
Knowledge, Attitude, and Educational Resources on E-cigarettes among Adults in Malaysia
Authors: Ameer Fahad , Wai Wong Ming , Subramanian Nanthini , Sithambaram Gowri Adaikammai A/P , Ramu Preshetta A/P , Joseph Emily , Pothen Minoo , Moe Soe , Htay Mila Nu Nu
Published: January 2025

The emergence and increasing popularity of e-cigarettes have sparked ongoing debates regarding their adverse effects, rising usage, and claims of being a 'safer' alternative to traditional tobacco cigarettes. This cross-sectional study examines the current state of knowledge, attitudes towards e-cigarettes and educational resources for e-cigarettes among the adults in Malaysia. This study was conducted between May and June 2024 and data was collected by using an online questionnaire. A total of 156 adults from general population responded to this study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS (Version 27). The findings indicated that approximately half of the respondents (48.1%) were unsure about their approval for utilization in smoking cessation. The majority of respondents (69.9%) had not received formal education about e-cigarettes, relying on social media and online advertising for information. The study also highlights gender differences in attitudes toward e-cigarettes, with males showing more favorable attitudes compared to females (OR 2.45, 95%CI: 1.28,4.67). The results underscore the need for improved educational programs and awareness campaigns about e-cigarettes, particularly targeting school-age populations and leveraging various media to address misinformation. Such efforts could help mitigate misinformation and promote informed decision-making regarding their use.
Clinical Pharmacology and Problem-Based Learning: The Impact on Medical Students' Prescribing Competency
Authors: Sadikan Muhammad Zulfiqah
Published: January 2025

Clinical pharmacology (CP) is an essential component of medical students’ safe and effective prescribing. Lecture-based teaching has traditionally been based on memorization rather than real-world scenarios. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centred approach combining pharmacology with clinical cases for active learning and critical thinking. The impact of integrating CP into PBL on students' prescribing competency is discussed in this paper. The literature search was performed through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords such as clinical pharmacology, problem-based learning, and prescribing competency in studies which were published between 2014 and 2024. PBL's impact on knowledge retention and clinical preparedness was selected as the topic of some of the studies. Findings revealed that PBL improves understanding of pharmacological concepts, improves knowledge retention and improves prescribing competency. Challenges, such as faculty resistance and case development, remain, but students who engage in PBL show increased confidence in managing complex prescribing scenarios. Hence, CP integration to PBL fills gaps in traditional education, and improves prescribing skills, and should be prioritized in the medical curricula.
Benefits of Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) - The Perspective of a Peer Tutor.
Authors: Shrivastava Mahima , Sabesan Gokul Shankar
Published: January 2025

Peer Assisted learning is a popular T/L activity in medical education. There are limited reports to support the effectiveness of peer learning effect in the peers who participate in peer assisted learning (PAL) in the training of students needing additional curricular support (SNACS). A peer tutor's experience in peer assisted learning in SNACS program is documented in this perspective.
Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Forest Management for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies: Case from Southern Slopes of Mount Slamet, Indonesia
Authors:   The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama City, Ehime Perfecture, Japan 790-8566, Budiman M A K , Oue H ,   Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama City, Ehime Perfecture, Japan 790-8566
Published: January 2025

Rural communities near forests are highly vulnerable to climate change due to frequent natural disasters and extreme weather. This study investigated local wisdom in forest management as a strategy to address climate challenges. Conducted in April–May 2024 on the southern slopes of Mount Slamet, Central Java (i.e., Gununglurah, Sokawera, and Sunyalangu Villages), the research used a participatory learning action approach and descriptive-quantitative analysis based on interpretive and critical sociology. Key findings highlight three aspects of community-based forest management: spatial categorization of forests into sacred conservation forests (tabet), protected forests in steep areas, and production forests managed through agroforestry; temporal scheduling based on the traditional pranatamangsa seasonal calendar; and plant selection for production, conservation, and spiritual purposes. These practices reflect a deep socio-cultural connection to forests and provide a foundation for integrating traditional wisdom with modern management methods. Legal recognition is essential to protect the rights of indigenous communities and their forest management systems, ensuring that these practices contribute to sustainable forest management and effective climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Factors Affecting Bird Diversity in the Wetlands of Muara Gembong, Indonesia
Authors:   Graduate Program of Tropical Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Fathani M H , Mulyani Y A ,   Department of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Mardiastuti A ,   Department of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Djatmiko W A ,   Lembaga Alam Tropika Indonesia (the Indonesian Tropical Institute), Jalan Sutera 1 Situgede, Bogor, Indonesia 16115
Published: January 2025

Marshlands and backswamps are among the threatened habitats in Indonesia, along with mangroves, particularly in Java due to area development and land conversion. Muara Gembong is one of the remaining wetlands in Java and serves as one of the last refuges for the bird community in wetlands, particularly mangrove and marsh-associated birds. We observed bird communities and collected eleven habitat variables in three habitats, namely mangrove, marsh, and fishpond, to see which variable affects bird abundance and diversity most. We found out that the total number of plant species, along with the number of tree, understory, and shrub species, were the strongest factors affecting bird diversity in Muara Gembong. Separate analysis in each habitat, however, reveals that different abiotic factors also strongly correlate with bird diversity. Vegetation correlates strongly with bird diversity in mangroves and marshes, while pH and turbidity play a strong role in bird diversity in fishponds.
Tgfbr1 regulates lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm reorganization during the trunk to tail transition
Authors: Lozovska Anastasiia , Casaca Ana , Novoa Ana , Kuo Ying-Yi , Jurberg Arnon D , Martins Gabriel G , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina , Mallo Moises
Published: January 2025

During the trunk to tail transition the mammalian embryo builds the outlets for the intestinal and urogenital tracts, lays down the primordia for the hindlimb and external genitalia, and switches from the epiblast/primitive streak (PS) to the tail bud as the driver of axial extension. Genetic and molecular data indicate that Tgfbr1 is a key regulator of the trunk to tail transition. Tgfbr1 has been shown to control the switch of the neuromesodermal competent cells from the epiblast to the chordoneural hinge to generate the tail bud. We now show that in mouse embryos Tgfbr1 signaling also controls the remodeling of the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) and of the embryonic endoderm associated with the trunk to tail transition. In the absence of Tgfbr1, the two LPM layers do not converge at the end of the trunk, extending instead as separate layers until the caudal embryonic extremity, and failing to activate markers of primordia for the hindlimb and external genitalia. The vascular remodeling involving the dorsal aorta and the umbilical artery leading to the connection between embryonic and extraembryonic circulation was also affected in the Tgfbr1 mutant embryos. Similar alterations in the LPM and vascular system were also observed in Isl1 null mutants, indicating that this factor acts in the regulatory cascade downstream of Tgfbr1 in LPM-derived tissues. In addition, in the absence of Tgfbr1 the embryonic endoderm fails to expand to form the endodermal cloaca and to extend posteriorly to generate the tail gut. We present evidence suggesting that the remodeling activity of Tgfbr1 in the LPM and endoderm results from the control of the posterior PS fate after its regression during the trunk to tail transition. Our data, together with previously reported observations, place Tgfbr1 at the top of the regulatory processes controlling the trunk to tail transition.
Evolving techniques in sentiment analysis: a comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Mahander , Khan Lal , Chang Hsien-Tsung
Published: January 2025

With the rapid expansion of social media and e-commerce platforms, an unprecedented volume of user-generated content has emerged, offering organizations, governments, and researchers invaluable insights into public sentiment. Yet, the vast and unstructured nature of this data challenges traditional analysis methods. Sentiment analysis, a specialized field within natural language processing, has evolved to meet these challenges by automating the detection and categorization of opinions and emotions in text. This review comprehensively examines the evolving techniques in sentiment analysis, detailing foundational processes such as data gathering and feature extraction. It explores a spectrum of methodologies, from classical word embedding techniques and machine learning algorithms to recent contextual embedding and advanced transformer models like Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and T5. With a critical comparison of these methods, this article highlights their appropriate uses and limitations. Additionally, the review provides a thorough overview of current trends, insights into future directions, and a critical exploration of unresolved challenges. By synthesizing these developments, this review equips researchers with a solid foundation for assessing the current state of sentiment analysis and guiding future advancements in this dynamic field.
Social media network public opinion emotion classification method based on multi-feature fusion and multi-scale hybrid neural network
Authors: Yao Yuan , Chen Xi , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of the internet, an increasing number of users express their subjective opinions on social media platforms. By analyzing the sentiment of these texts, we can gain insights into public sentiment, industry changes, and market trends, enabling timely adjustments and preemptive strategies. This article initially constructs vectors using semantic fusion and word order features. Subsequently, it develops a lexicon vector based on word similarity and leverages supervised corpora training to obtain a more pronounced transfer weight vector of sentiment intensity. A multi-feature fused emotional word vector is ultimately formed by concatenating and fusing these weighted transfer vectors. Experimental comparisons on two multi-class microblog comment datasets demonstrate that the multi-feature fusion (WOOSD-CNN) word vector model achieves notable improvements in sentiment polarity accuracy and categorization effectiveness. Additionally, for aspect-level sentiment analysis of user generated content (UGC) text, a unified learning framework based on an information interaction channel is proposed, which enables the team productivity center (TPC) task. Specifically, an information interaction channel is designed to assist the model in leveraging the latent interactive characteristics of text. An in-depth analysis addresses the label drift phenomenon between aspect term words, and a position-aware module is constructed to mitigate the local development plan (LDP) issue.
Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination among Pregnant Women in the Health District of Thies, Senegal
Authors: Barro Khardiatou , Diane Adja Mah Djamaro , Ndiaye Soukeye , Ba Mouhamadou Faly , Fall Ndeye Maguette , Diallo Amadou Ibra , Cissé Viviane Marie Pierre , Diallo Khardiata Mbaye , Faye Adama
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted global health systems, and vaccination remains a critical strategy to mitigate its effects. However, vaccination rates among pregnant women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, remain understudied. This study aimed to identify factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in the Thies health district, Senegal.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 736 pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in Thies. They were then exhaustively recruited. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using R software. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with vaccination.
Results: Participants had a mean age of 28.36 ±6.7 years, with most being married (88.0%), educated (79.1%), and lacking income-generating activities (66.1%). Awareness of COVID-19 vaccination was reported by 67.0%, yet only 28.5% expressed confidence in the vaccines. While 76.4% believed in the importance and usefulness of vaccination, 58.0% perceived it as risky. Vaccine coverage was 54.2%. Factors significantly associated with vaccination included advanced age, decision-making autonomy (AOR=4.24), knowledge of vaccines (AOR=15.3), and perceptions of the vaccine’s importance (AOR=3.26) and usefulness (AOR=2.98). However, perceived risk of vaccination was also associated with uptake (AOR=4.50).
Conclusion: Improving COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women requires tailored interventions addressing knowledge gaps, decision-making autonomy, and risk perceptions. These findings highlight the importance of context-specific strategies to enhance vaccine acceptance and coverage in similar settings.
The Interplay between Quasi-Matroid and Connectivity Systems
Authors: Fujita Takaaki
Published: January 2025

A graph width parameter measures the structural complexity of a graph by assessing how it can be decomposed into simpler components. These parameters are often studied using connectivity systems that satisfy symmetric submodular conditions (Geelen et al., 2006, Oum and Seymour, 2007). Matroids are highly versatile structures with broad applications in optimization theory, combinatorial mathematics, topology, algebra, graph algorithms, game theory, geometry, and network theory, making them a subject of significant interest. Quasi-matroid, as introduced in (Kawahara, 2004) (see also (Kawahara, 2004), extend the concept of matroids by providing a more generalized framework. In this brief paper, we propose the concept of quasi-matroid on a connectivity system and explore their relationship with linear decomposition.
Effects of Drying and Storage on Anthocyanin Content and Antioxidant Activity in Hibiscus Tea Infusions
Authors: S.P Thamaraiselvi, , Karthikeyan S. , Ganga M. , Visalakshi M. , Fernandaz C. Cinthia , Sivakumar V. , Padmadevi K.
Published: January 2025

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is one of the traditional flowers used in tropics for ornamental gardens and for its curative health benefits. All parts of hibiscus are reported to possess significant medicinal values and the flowers especially are rich source of anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanins serve as natural food colourants and also contribute to health benefits as a rich source of antioxidants. The major anthocyanin present in the red flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is cyanidin-3-sophoroside (Lowry, 1976). Investigations were carried out to explore the drying method of petals, antioxidant potential and nutritional benefits of hibiscus floral tea and squash from the cv. Red single of hibiscus. The hibiscus petals were subjected to drying by three different methods such as shade, sun and oven. It was observed that highest recovery of dried petals (19.66 %) and anthocyanin content (59.05 mg/l) was attained by shade drying of petals. The dried flower petals were quantified for cyanidin-3-glucoside using HPLC. In another experiment, tea infusions prepared from Green tea, Hibiscus tea and their combination proved significance and highest anthocyanin content was registered in freshly prepared Hibiscus tea (72.13 c3g eq.mg/l). However, highest ABTS (249.19 μg/ml), DPPH radical scavenging activity (733.22 μg/ml) in terms of IC50 values, highest total phenol content (82.57 mg GAE/g) and high organoleptic scoring were recorded in freshly prepared Green tea + Hibiscus tea [1:1].  The tea samples were tested for their qualities by storing upto 90 days. The above investigation proved the potential uses and anti-oxidant benefits of hibiscus petals in the preparation of hibiscus tea infusions.
Tiered Physician Network Plans and Patient Choices of Specialist Physicians
Authors: Prager Elena , Curto Vilsa E. , Magyari Alexa , Gaye Marema , Sinaiko Anna D.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Tiered physician network (TPN) health plans sort physicians into tiers based on their cost and quality, and patients pay lower copays for visits with physicians in the lower-cost and better-quality tiers. When the plans are first introduced, they lead patients to seek care from higher-value physicians.

Objectives

To examine whether TPNs are associated with patient choice of physician when the plans have been in place for 8 to 12 years and whether there are inequities in patient out-of-pocket costs associated with inequities in access to physicians in lower-copay tiers.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study comprising 46 645 physicians and 585 399 patients in TPNs, including 54 683 patients who had a new patient visit with a physician in a TPN, used health insurance claims data from a large employer purchaser from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2019. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2020 to August 2023.

Exposure

Evaluation and management visit with a physician in a TPN.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes were new patient market share per physician–carrier–zip code–year, distance from centroid of patient zip code to centroid of zip code of nearest low- or medium-copay physician, and mean TPN physician office visit copay per patient. A regression discontinuity design was used to estimate the association of a physician’s tier ranking, and a difference-in-differences analysis was used to estimate the association of copayment differences across tiers with market share among new patients. Equity in access was measured by comparing travel distance to the nearest physician in a low-copay or medium-copay tier and mean copayments across patient incomes.

Results

The main analysis sample included 46 645 physician–carrier–zip code–year observations, 9506 (20.4%) of which were in the low-copay tier, 31 798 (68.2%) in the medium-copay tier, and 5341 (11.5%) in the high-copay tier. The 54 683 new patients in the sample had a mean (SD) age of 46.4 (16.7) years and included 33 542 women (61.3%). There was no association of having a worse tier ranking (0.045 percentage points [95% CI, −0.058 to 0.148 percentage points]) or of copayment differences between tiers (0.001 percentage points [95% CI, −0.002 to 0.004 percentage points]) with physician market share among new patients. The patients with the lowest income paid slightly lower mean (SD) copayments for office visits to a TPN physician than the patients with high income ($48.08 [$16.42] vs $51.59 [$16.79], a 6.8% difference).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of TPN health plans, there was no association between physician tier ranking and physician market share among any group of patients. These findings suggest there are limitations in TPNs’ steering of patients toward high-value physicians. These plans were not associated with exacerbated health inequity in this setting.
Global Stage Distribution of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis
Authors: Benitez Fuentes Javier David , Morgan Eileen , de Luna Aguilar Alicia , Mafra Allini , Shah Richa , Giusti Francesco , Vignat Jérôme , Znaor Ariana , Musetti Carina , Yip Cheng-Har , Van Eycken Liesbet , Jedy-Agba Elima , Piñeros Marion , Soerjomataram Isabelle
Published: November 2023

Importance

Stage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for cancer survival.

Objective

To assess the global distribution of breast cancer stage by country, age group, calendar period, and socioeconomic status using population-based data.

Data Sources

A systematic search of MEDLINE and Web of Science databases and registry websites and gray literature was conducted for articles or reports published between January 1, 2000, and June 20, 2022.

Study Selection

Reports on stage at diagnosis for individuals with primary breast cancer (C50) from a population-based cancer registry were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Study characteristics and results of eligible studies were independently extracted by 2 pairs of reviewers (J.D.B.F., A.D.A., A.M., R.S., and F.G.). Stage-specific proportions were extracted and cancer registry data quality and risk of bias were assessed. National pooled estimates were calculated for subnational or annual data sets using a hierarchical rule of the most relevant and high-quality data to avoid duplicates.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The proportion of women with breast cancer by (TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors or the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program [SEER]) stage group.

Results

Data were available for 2.4 million women with breast cancer from 81 countries. Globally, the proportion of cases with distant metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis was high in sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from 5.6% to 30.6% and low in North America ranging from 0.0% to 6.0%. The proportion of patients diagnosed with distant metastatic disease decreased over the past 2 decades from around 3.8% to 35.8% (early 2000s) to 3.2% to 11.6% (2015 onwards), yet stabilization or slight increases were also observed. Older age and lower socioeconomic status had the largest proportion of cases diagnosed with distant metastatic stage ranging from 2.0% to 15.7% among the younger to 4.1% to 33.9% among the oldest age group, and from 1.7% to 8.3% in the least disadvantaged groups to 2.8% to 11.4% in the most disadvantaged groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

Effective policy and interventions have resulted in decreased proportions of women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis in high-income countries, yet inequality persists, which needs to be addressed through increased awareness of breast cancer symptoms and early detection. Improving global coverage and quality of population-based cancer registries, including the collection of standardized stage data, is key to monitoring progress.
Outcomes in Patients With Postchemotherapy Residual Nonretroperitoneal Disease in Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: King Jennifer , Ashkar Ryan , Kesler Kenneth , Althouse Sandra K. , Hanna Nasser H. , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Adra Nabil
Published: November 2023

This case-control study assesses the association between teratoma in the primary tumor or postchemotherapy resections and survival outcomes.
Essentially unedited deep‐learning‐based OARs are suitable for rigorous oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer treatment planning
Authors: Koo Jihye , Caudell Jimmy , Latifi Kujtim , Moros Eduardo G. , Feygelman Vladimir
Published: November 2023

Quality of organ at risk (OAR) autosegmentation is often judged by concordance metrics against the human‐generated gold standard. However, the ultimate goal is the ability to use unedited autosegmented OARs in treatment planning, while maintaining the plan quality. We tested this approach with head and neck (HN) OARs generated by a prototype deep‐learning (DL) model on patients previously treated for oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. Forty patients were selected, with all structures delineated by an experienced physician. For each patient, a set of 13 OARs were generated by the DL model. Each patient was re‐planned based on original targets and unedited DL‐produced OARs. The new dose distributions were then applied back to the manually delineated structures. The target coverage was evaluated with inhomogeneity index (II) and the relative volume of regret. For the OARs, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of areas under the DVH curves, individual DVH objectives, and composite continuous plan quality metric (PQM) were compared. The nearly identical primary target coverage for the original and re‐generated plans was achieved, with the same II and relative volume of regret values. The average DSC of the areas under the corresponding pairs of DVH curves was 0.97 ± 0.06. The number of critical DVH points which met the clinical objectives with the dose optimized on autosegmented structures but failed when evaluated on the manual ones was 5 of 896 (0.6%). The average OAR PQM score with the re‐planned dose distributions was essentially the same when evaluated either on the autosegmented or manual OARs. Thus, rigorous HN treatment planning is possible with OARs segmented by a prototype DL algorithm with minimal, if any, manual editing.
Ultra‐Stable Breathing Anode for Li‐Free All‐Solid‐State Battery Based on Li Concentration Gradient in Magnesium Particles
Authors: Jun Dayoung , Park Se Hwan , Jung Ji Eun , Lee Seong Gyu , Kim Kyu Seok , Kim Ji Young , Bae Ki Yoon , Son Samick , Lee Yun Jung
Published: November 2023

The alloying behavior of Li‐alloy‐forming metals in the anode of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) critically affects the viscoplastic flow and deposition of Li, determining cell performance. Herein, an ultra‐stable breathing Mg anode for Li‐free ASSBs is reported with changes in the inter‐particle distance of the Mg particles during operation. It is proposed that this unique Li deposition between Mg particles is derived from the Li concentration gradient (LCG) from the surface to the core of the Mg particle, creating a driving force that attracts Li toward the low‐concentration side and Li accumulation followed by deposition on the Mg surface. Based on a comparative study of Li‐alloy‐forming metals with different alloying and diffusion kinetics, this study ascribes the LCG to the slow alloying kinetics of Mg with Li and slow Li diffusion through the Mg–Li alloys. Interfacial stability is secured by accommodating Li deposits uniformly inside the anode. A full cell with a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode exhibits ultrahigh stability and reversibility with Coulombic efficiency over 99.9% for 1000 cycles at 30 °C.
Electronic Synapses Enabled by an Epitaxial SrTiO3‐δ/ Hf0.5Zr0.5O2Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Memristor Integrated on Silicon
Authors: Siannas Nikitas , Zacharaki Christina , Tsipas Polychronis , Kim Dong Jik , Hamouda Wassim , Istrate Cosmin , Pintilie Lucian , Schmidbauer Martin , Dubourdieu Catherine , Dimoulas Athanasios
Published: November 2023

Synapses play a vital role in information processing, learning, and memory formation in the brain. By emulating the behavior of biological synapses, electronic synaptic devices hold the promise of enabling high‐performance, energy‐efficient, and scalable neuromorphic computing. Ferroelectric memristive devices integrate the characteristics of both ferroelectric and memristive materials and present a far‐reaching potential as artificial synapses. Here, it is reported on a new ferroelectric device on silicon, a field‐effect memristor, consisting of an epitaxial ultrathin ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2film sandwiched between an epitaxial highly doped oxide semiconductor SrTiO3‐δand a top metal. Upon a low voltage of less than 2 V, the field‐effect modulation in the semiconductor enables to access multiple states. The device works in a large time domain ranging from milliseconds down to tens of nanoseconds. By gradually switching the polarization by identical pulses, the ferroelectric diode devices can dynamically adjust the synaptic strength to mimic short‐ and long‐term memory plasticity. Ionic contributions due to redox processes in the oxide semiconductor beneficially influence the device operation and retention.