bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciding with Others: Interdependent Decision‐Making
Authors: Largent Emily A. , Clapp Justin , Blumenthal‐Barby Jennifer S. , Grady Christine , McGuire Amy L. , Karlawish Jason , Grill Joshua D. , Stites Shana D. , Peterson Andrew
Published: December 2022

Over the course of human life, health care decision‐making is often interdependent. In this article, we use “interdependence” to refer to patients’ engagement of nonclinicians—for example, family members or trusted friends—to reach health care decisions. Interdependence, we suggest, is common for patients in all stages of life, from early childhood to late adulthood. This view contrasts with the common bioethical assumption that medical decisions are either wholly independent or dependent and that independence or dependence is tightly coupled with a person's decision‐making capacity. In this article, we array various approaches to decision‐making along a continuum of interdependence. An appreciation of this continuum can empower patients and elucidate ethical challenges that arise when people transition between different kinds of interdependence across the life span.
Development of a soil exposure assessment for plant protection products in Brazil: Requirements, options, and recommendations
Authors: Mackay Neil , Cione Ana , Hammel Klaus , Jene Bernhard , Tincani Flavio , Spickermann Gregor
Published: December 2022

The Brazilian Environmental Authority (IBAMA) has recently identified soil organisms as a priority area for risk assessment development for plant protection products. This includes consideration of which species in soil fauna are important to be tested for risk assessment purposes, which ecotoxicological tests should be used, and which exposure models would be suitable, considering Brazilian soils, local agricultural practices, and local biodiversity. In this brief communication, we present proposals and recommendations for the selection of appropriate regulatory exposure assessment techniques to support initial or foundation tier assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:862–869. © 2022 FMC Corporation, Syngenta, Adama, Bayer AG, BASF SE. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Magnetoresistive Single‐Molecule Junctions: the Role of the Spinterface and the CISS Effect
Authors: Aragonès Albert C. , Aravena Daniel , Ugalde Jesús M. , Medina Ernesto , Gutierrez Rafael , Ruiz Eliseo , Mujica Vladimiro , Díez‐Pérez Ismael
Published: December 2022

This review is an effort in putting together the latest results about room‐temperature magnetoresistive (MR) effects in nanoscale/single‐molecule electronic devices consisting of one (few) molecule(s) placed in electrical contact between two nanoscale electrodes. Molecules represent powerful building blocks for developing state‐of‐the‐art MR devices, as they bring long spin relaxation timescales, low cost and high tunability of their electrical and magnetic properties via chemical modifications. The capability to control at room temperature and under bespoke electrodes’ magnetization the MR response of a single‐molecule (SM) device has been a longstanding quest. Such SM platforms could serve as fundamental tools to understand what the main mechanistic ingredients of MR effects in a molecular device are, leading to their use as building‐blocks for miniaturization in spintronic applications. The work carried out so far in this field has identified two key components directly involved in the MR response of a single(few)‐molecule(s) device: (i) The molecule|electrode spinterface, defining the interplay between interfacial electrostatics and spin density, has been proven to play a fundamental role in the interpretation of the observed single‐molecule junction's MR effects, which is governed by the electrode material and the electrode‐molecule chemistry. (ii) Two aspects of the molecular structure have been demonstrated to be involved in the spin‐dependent conduction mechanism: (1) the presence of paramagnetic metal centres in the molecular structure and how their orbitals bearing the unpaired electrons couple with the device electrodes, and (2), the degree of chirality within the molecular wire. This contribution will focus on the above points (i‐ii) by making use of specific examples in the literature.
Multi‐planar 3D knee MRI segmentation via UNet inspired architectures
Authors: Sengar Sandeep Singh , Meulengracht Christopher , Boesen Mikael Ploug , Overgaard Anders Føhrby , Gudbergsen Henrik , Nybing Janus Damm , Perslev Mathias , Dam Erik Bjørnager
Published: December 2022

The UNet has become the golden standard method for the segmentation of 2D medical images that any new method must be validated against. In recent years, a number of variations to the seminal UNet have been proposed with promising results in the papers introducing them. However, there is no clear consensus if any of these architectures generalize as well and the UNet currently remains the methodological golden standard. For the segmentation of 3D scans, UNet‐inspired methods are also dominant, but there is a larger variety across applications. By evaluating the architectures in a different dimensionality, embedded in a different method, and for a different task, we aimed to evaluate if any of these UNet alternatives are promising as a new golden standard that generalizes even better than the UNet. The purpose of this study was to compare UNet inspired models for generalized 3D segmentation. To efficiently segment the 3D scans, we employed each UNet variant architecture as the central 2D segmentation core in the multi‐planar UNet 3D segmentation method that previously demonstrated excellent generalization in the MICCAI Segmentation Decathlon. It would strongly support a claim of generalizability, if a promising UNet‐variant consistently outperforms the UNet in this quite different setting. The experimental results show that the multi‐planar‐based UNet2+ (MPUNet2+) method outperforms other variants including the original multi‐planar UNet (MPUNet).
Inhibition of autophagy reduces the rate of fluoride‐induced LS8 apoptosis via regulating ATG5 and ATG7
Authors: Zhao Lin , Wang Han , Liu Sijia , Xi Tao , Wang Liyuan , Li Yang , Chen Lu , Jianping Ruan , Liang Kristina Xiao
Published: December 2022

Excessive fluoride affects ameloblast differentiation and tooth development. The fate of fluorinated ameloblasts is determined by multiple signaling pathways in response to a range of stimuli. Both autophagy and apoptosis are involved in the regulation of dental fluorosis as well as in protein synthesis and enamel mineralization. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy and apoptosis are interconnected and that their interaction greatly influences cell death. However, the effect of autophagy on apoptosis in fluoride‐treated ameloblasts is unclear. Here, we employed an in vitro cellular model of fluorosis in mouse ameloblast‐like LS8 cells and induced autophagy using sodium fluoride (NaF). Our findings suggest that NaF treatment induces autophagy in LS8 cells, and ATG5 and ATG7 are important molecules involved in this process. We also showed that NaF treatment reduced cell viability in Atg5/7 siRNA and autophagy inhibitor‐treated LS8 cells. More importantly, NaF‐induced apoptosis can be reversed by inhibiting early stage of autophagy. In conclusion, our study shows that autophagy is closely related to dental fluorosis, and inhibition of autophagy, especially ATG5/7, reduces fluoride‐induced cell death and apoptosis.
TGFβ+ small extracellular vesicles from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells reprogram macrophages towards a pro‐angiogenic phenotype
Authors: Ludwig Nils , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna S. , Azambuja Juliana H. , Pietrowska Monika , Widłak Piotr , Hinck Cynthia S. , Głuszko Alicja , Szczepański Mirosław J. , Kärmer Teresa , Kallinger Isabella , Schulz Daniela , Bauer Richard J. , Spanier Gerrit , Spoerl Steffen , Meier Johannes K. , Ettl Tobias , Razzo Beatrice M. , Reichert Torsten E. , Hinck Andrew P. , Whiteside Theresa L.
Published: December 2022

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a major component of tumor‐derived small extracellular vesicles (TEX) in cancer patients. Mechanisms utilized by TGFβ+ TEX to promote tumor growth and pro‐tumor activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are largely unknown. TEX produced by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines carried TGFβ and angiogenesis‐promoting proteins. TGFβ+ TEX stimulated macrophage chemotaxis without a notable M1/M2 phenotype shift and reprogrammed primary human macrophages to a pro‐angiogenic phenotype characterized by the upregulation of pro‐angiogenic factors and functions. In a murine basement membrane extract plug model, TGFβ+ TEX promoted macrophage infiltration and vascularization (p < 0.001), which was blocked by using the TGFβ ligand trap mRER (p < 0.001). TGFβ+ TEX injected into mice undergoing the 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4‐NQO)‐driven oral carcinogenesis promoted tumor angiogenesis (p < 0.05), infiltration of M2‐like macrophages in the TME (p < 0.05) and ultimately tumor progression (p < 0.05). Inhibition of TGFβ signaling in TEX with mRER ameliorated these pro‐tumor activities. Silencing of TGFβ emerges as a critical step in suppressing pro‐angiogenic functions of TEX in HNSCC.
Genetic counseling students' use of patient‐centered communication skills predicts standardized patient satisfaction during virtual simulated sessions
Authors: Lowe Chenery , Roter Debra L.
Published: December 2022

Communication is essential to effective genetic counseling, but few studies have systematically evaluated methods of assessing communication skills among genetic counseling trainees. The study's objective is to compare the strength of associations between standardized patient (SP) satisfaction with simulated genetic counseling sessions and student skill use during the sessions, as reported by SPs and students. We hypothesized that (1) Both SP‐ and student‐reported skill use will be significantly associated with SP satisfaction ratings during the baseline simulation and (2): SP ratings of student skill use will show a stronger relationship to SP satisfaction than student self‐rating of skill use. Sixty genetic counseling students and recent graduates (referred to as “students”) from accredited U.S. and Canadian programs participated in the study and completed a baseline virtual‐simulated genetic counseling session. Both students and SPs completed post‐session questionnaires about communication skill use (a 22‐item checklist) and SPs completed a satisfaction questionnaire based on the session (a 14‐item Likert scale). Multilevel regression models assessed associations between SP satisfaction during the baseline session and SP‐ or student‐reported skill use. SP satisfaction was significantly associated with skill use reported by both SPs and students, but the model based on SP report explained a higher proportion of the variance in SP satisfaction than student‐reported skill use (SP model fixed effects R2 = 27%, adjusted R2 = 21%; vs. student model R2 = 7%, adjusted R2 = −2%). For both the SP and student models, use of more skills from the LISTEN domain (which focused on eliciting the patient's perspective) was associated with higher SP satisfaction, while other skill category domains were not. These findings support the SP satisfaction measure as sensitive to variation in student performance of key communication skills, especially those eliciting the patient's perspective. Moreover, SP assessment of session satisfaction can be a useful assessment of student communication performance and a meaningful proxy for actual patient satisfaction.
Comparative embryology of Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale), Balaena mysticetus (bowhead whale), and Stenella attenuata (pan‐tropical spotted dolphin) (Cetacea: Mammalia)
Authors: Gavazzi Lia , Cooper Lisa N. , Usip Sharon , Suydam Robert , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , George John C. , O'Corry‐Crowe Greg , Hsu Chih‐Wei , Thewissen Johannes
Published: December 2022

Embryogenesis of cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises) is best known in Stenella attenuata, the pan‐tropical spotted dolphin, based on a remarkably complete and well‐studied prenatal ontogenetic series. Our study expands understanding of cetacean embryology by adding two additional cetacean taxa: the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas, Odontoceti), and the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus, Mysticeti). We identify key features that characterize these taxa at specific stages and highlight heterochrony between the odontocetes and mysticetes. The toothed whales are more similar in developmental timing to each other than either is to Balaena. The two odontocete taxa, Stenella and Delphinapterus, share similar developmental trajectories while early Balaena specimens differ from the odontocetes. This developmental variation proves challenging to ascribe to the existing Carnegie staging system. Most notably, flippers, hindlimbs, and flukes all provide morphological traits for characterization within the Carnegie staging system. A presomitic Delphinapterus embryo is also described. This study applies the Carnegie staging system to two more cetacean taxa and forms a framework for future research on cetacean developmental genetics and the modeling of fetal growth.
Bone abnormalities in the middle Anisian marine sauropsids from Winterswijk
Authors: Surmik Dawid , Szczygielski Tomasz , Słowiak‐Morkovina Justyna , Sander Martin , Rothschild Bruce , Duda Piotr , Klein Nicole
Published: December 2022

While the occurrence of skeletal pathologies in Middle Triassic marine reptiles has been poorly documented until now, massive accumulations of bone remains from the Germanic Basin provide the opportunities for documentation. Herein, we describe skeletal abnormalities in the Middle Triassic bone material from the Vossenveld Formation of Winterswijk, the Netherlands. The aim of the study is to distinguish in the studied bones pathologies resulting from malady or trauma and taphonomic alterations. Furthermore, an attempt was made to assess on how the pathologies also represent paleoecological data. Our survey led to the identification of one broken and healed bone, one case of abnormal coossification, and one case of posttraumatic fibro‐osseous dysplasia. While the latter two pathologies give little insight into the ecology and function of the affected animals, the fractured dentary is attributed to Nothosaurus marchicus, a common sauropterygian macropredator. It proves that the individual survived long enough to heal, despite the injury hampering its hunting potential. One abnormally shaped humerus is interpreted as postmortem taphonomic deformation, emphasizing the necessity of utilization of detailed diagnostics to distinguish actual paleopathologies from nonbiological distortion.
Review of individualized current flow modeling studies for transcranial electrical stimulation
Authors: Hunold Alexander , Haueisen Jens , Nees Frauke , Moliadze Vera
Published: December 2022

There is substantial intersubject variability of behavioral and neurophysiological responses to transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), which represents one of the most important limitations of tES. Many tES protocols utilize a fixed experimental parameter set disregarding individual anatomical and physiological properties. This one‐size‐fits‐all approach might be one reason for the observed interindividual response variability. Simulation of current flow applying head models based on available anatomical data can help to individualize stimulation parameters and contribute to the understanding of the causes of this response variability. Current flow modeling can be used to retrospectively investigate the characteristics of tES effectivity. Previous studies examined, for example, the impact of skull defects and lesions on the modulation of current flow and demonstrated effective stimulation intensities in different age groups. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis of electrical conductivities in current flow modeling indicated the most influential tissue compartments. Current flow modeling, when used in prospective study planning, can potentially guide stimulation configurations resulting in individually effective tES. Specifically, current flow modeling using individual or matched head models can be employed by clinicians and scientists to, for example, plan dosage in tES protocols for individuals or groups of participants. We review studies that show a relationship between the presence of behavioral/neurophysiological responses and features derived from individualized current flow models. We highlight the potential benefits of individualized current flow modeling.
Complete genome sequence of Bacillus Licheniformis NWMCC0046, a candidate for the laundry industry
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zeng Songyu , Yu Jinfeng , Xiang Jun , Zhang Fumei , Takriff Mohd S. , Ding Gongtao , Ma Zhongren , Zhou Xueyan
Published: December 2022

In this study, selected properties of protease and the complete genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis NWMCC0046 were investigated, to discover laundry applications and other potential probiotic properties of this strain. Partial characterization of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 showed that its protease has good activity both in alkaline environments and at low temperatures. Also, the protease is compatible with commercial detergents and can be used as a detergent additive for effective stain removal at low temperatures. The complete genome sequence of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 is comprised of a 4,321,565 bp linear chromosome with a G + C content of 46.78% and no plasmids. It had 4504 protein‐encoding genes, 81 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 24 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Genomic analysis revealed genes involved in exocellular enzyme production and probiotic properties. In addition, genomic sequence analysis revealed specific genes encoding carbohydrate metabolism pathways, resistance, and cold adaptation capacity. Overall, protease properties show its potential as a detergent additive enzyme. The complete genome sequence information of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 was obtained, and functional prediction revealed its numerous probiotic properties.
Association between surveillance imaging and survival outcomes in small bowel neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Watanabe Akie , Mckendry Geoffrey , Yip Lily , Loree Jonathan M. , Stuart Heather C.
Published: December 2022

Background

Surveillance guidelines following the resection of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB‐NETs) are inconsistent. We evaluated the impact of surveillance imaging on SB‐NET recurrence and overall survival (OS).

Methods

Patients with completely resected SB‐NETs referred to a provincial cancer center (2004–2015) were reviewed. Associations between imaging frequency, recurrence, post‐recurrence treatment, and OS were determined using univariate and Cox‐regression analyses.

Results

Among 195 completely resected SB‐NET patients, 31% were ≥70 years, 43% were female, and 80% had grade 1 disease. Imaging frequency was predictive of recurrence (hazard ratio 2.52, 95% confidence interval 1.84–3.46, p < 0.001). 72% underwent interventions for recurrent disease. Patients who were treated for the recurrent disease had comparable OS to those who did not recur (median 152 vs. 164 months; p = 0.25). Imaging frequency was not associated with OS in those with treated recurrent disease (p = 0.65). Patients who recurred underwent more computerized tomography (CT) scans than those who did not recur (CT: 1.47 ± 0.89 vs. 1.02 ± 0.81 scans/year, p < 0.001). Detection of disease recurrence was 5%–7% per year during the first 6 years of surveillance and peaked at 17% in Year 9.

Conclusion

Less frequent imaging over a longer duration should be emphasized to capture clinically relevant recurrences that can be treated to improve OS.
Temperature‐dependent kinetics of the reactions of CH2OO with acetone, biacetyl, and acetylacetone
Authors: Cornwell Zachary A. , Enders Jonas J. , Harrison Aaron W. , Murray Craig
Published: December 2022

Temperature‐dependent rate constants for the reactions of CH2OO with acetone (Ac), biacetyl (BiAc), and acetylacetone (AcAc) have been measured over the range 275–335 K using a flash photolysis, transient absorption spectroscopy technique. The measurements were performed at a total pressure of ∼80 Torr in N2 bath gas, which corresponds to the high‐pressure limit for these reactions. All three reactions show linear Arrhenius plots with negative temperature dependences. Rate constants increase in the order Ac < AcAc « BiAc across the temperature range; at 295 K the rate constants are kAc = (4.8 ± 0.4) × 10–13 cm3 s–1, kAcAc = (8.0 ± 0.7) × 10–13 cm3 s–1, and kBiAc = (1.10 ± 0.09) × 10–11 cm3 s–1. Sensitivity to temperature, characterized by the magnitude of the negative activation energy, increases in the order AcAc < BiAc < Ac (Ea/R values of –1830 ± 170 K, –1260 ± 170 K, and –460 ± 180 K, respectively). CBS‐QB3 calculations show that the Ac and BiAc reactions proceed via formation of an entrance channel complex followed by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to form secondary ozonide products via a submerged transition state. For the BiAc reaction, the rate limiting step appears to be rearrangement of a long‐range van der Waals complex into the short‐range complex that subsequently leads directly to the cycloaddition transition state with a very low energy barrier. The calculations show that two reaction pathways are competitive for AcAc with nearly identical transition state free energies (ΔG° = +10.1 kcal mol–1 at 298 K) found for cycloaddition at the C=O and at the C=C site of the dominant enolone tautomer. The weak temperature dependence observed is likely due to competition between these pathways.
Comparative quantitative kinetic study of rapid iodination of thiazole and its methyl derivatives in aqueous medium
Authors: Kad Megha N. , Bhadane Ranjana P. , Walke Sandhya B.
Published: December 2022

The study provides a quantitative framework for the assessment of the relative reactivity of thiazole and its two methyl derivatives namely 2‐methylthiazole and 4‐methylthiazole towards iodination reaction. Thiazole and its derivatives have a wide range of industrial and medicinal applications attributed to the ability of thiazole to manifest substituents around the core scaffold. The kinetic study of the iodination reactions of these substrates helps in the above applications since kinetics is an important investigational tool in configuring the mechanism of the reaction. In the present work, molecular iodine (I2) and iodine monochloride (ICl) were used as reagents for the iodination of thiazole, 2‐methylthiazole, and 4‐methylthiazole in aqueous medium. The iodination reactions are rapid electrophilic substitution reactions and hence special technique known as hydrodynamic voltammetry was employed for the kinetic study. Iodine is the only electro‐reducible species in the reactions. As the solution is devoid of iodide ions, a decrease in the concentration of iodine is measured in terms of diffusion current using a rotating platinum electrode with a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as a reference electrode. The reactivity correlation of substrates towards iodination reaction was quantitively assessed by determining the reaction rate constants and thermodynamic parameters. The study shows overall rate of iodination of 4‐methylthiazole is faster than 2‐methylthiazole which is faster than thiazole. The study helps to develop a mechanistic approach considering the effect of substituent present on the thiazole ring. The order of reactivity of the reagents was determined based on obtained rate constants and explained owing to the nature of the reagent.
Artificial reseeding improves multiple ecosystem functions in an alpine sandy meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tian Lihua , Yang Wen , Ji‐Shi Awei , Ma Yunhe , Zhao Wenxue , Chen Youjun , Zhou Qingping , Qu Guangpeng , Zhao Jingxue , Wu Gao‐Lin
Published: December 2022

Desertification in alpine grasslands is exacerbated by rapid climate change and intensive anthropogenic activity, which will substantially threaten the structure and function of alpine grassland ecosystems. Artificial reseeding was a widely used strategy for the restoration of alpine sandy grasslands. However, it is still unclear whether reseeding restoration can improve multiple ecosystem functions of sandy meadows. To narrow these knowledge gaps, we evaluated the changes in plant communities, soil conditions, and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) across native meadow, sandy meadow, and restored meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and further identified the links between individual and multiple ecosystem functions. Artificial reseeding had contributed to the promotion of plant diversity, productivity, soil fertility, and soil carbon and nitrogen sequestrations. However, the recovery levels of plant diversity, productivity, and soil fertility in the restored meadow were still far lower than that in the native meadow. The results revealed that the EMF index of the restored meadow increased greatly compared with the sandy meadow, but it did not recover to that of the native meadow level. In addition, short‐term reseeding improved the aboveground EMF index more than the belowground EMF index. The EMF indexes and most individual ecosystem functions showed positive correlations with plant diversity and productivity. These findings indicated an important role of artificial reseeding in the restoration of ecosystem functions in the alpine sandy meadow, and it had critical implications for the regional ecological security and sustainable development of alpine grasslands.
UHRF1 plays an oncogenic role in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hou Jia , Li Wenyuan , Zhang Shirong , Tan Deli , Lv Kejia , Zhu Yue , Hou Yuzhu , Guo Hui , Jiang Lili
Published: December 2022

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant tumor characterized by aggressiveness and dismal prognosis. The specific role of ubiquitin‐like PHD and RING finger domain (UHRF1), a frequently overexpressed cancer‐promoting gene in various tumors, is poorly understood in SCLC. Herein, we explored the potential carcinogenic role of UHRF1 in SCLC. First, public databases were used to analyze the expression of UHRF1 in SCLC, and tissue specimens in our center were examined to confirm the results while clinical outcomes were collected to analyze its relationship with UHRF1. Then, UHRF1 knockdown and overexpression cell lines were established to evaluate the carcinogenic function of UHRF1 in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of the biological consequences was determined by co‐inmunoprecipitation. Moreover, we also analyzed the influence of UHRF1 on cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity of SCLC. The expression of UHRF1 was significantly higher in SCLC tissues than in normal tissues, and high levels of UHRF1 suggested a poor prognosis for SCLC. Mechanistically, UHRF1 promoted SCLC growth through yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1). Specifically, UHRF1 bound to YAP1 and inhibited YAP1 ubiquitin degradation, thus stabilizing the YAP1 protein in SCLC cells. UHRF1 downregulation enhanced DDP sensitivity in SCLC cells and was correlated with a favorable prognosis in patients with SCLC treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy. UHRF1 plays an oncogenic role in SCLC by modulating YAP1. Therefore, UHRF1 could be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of SCLC patients and serve as a potential therapeutic target for SCLC patients.
Compound heterozygous splicing variants in KIAA0586 cause fetal short‐rib thoracic dysplasia and cerebellar malformation: Use of exome sequencing in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Zhao Qianying , Xu Bocheng , Xiang Qinqin , Tan Yu , Xie Hanbing , Gao Qianqian , Wen Lingyi , Wang He , Yang Mei , Liu Shanling
Published: December 2022

Background

Short‐rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) and Joubert syndrome (JS) are rare genetic ciliopathies, and individuals with either syndrome can manifest cerebellar malformation and variable developmental delays. However, neither of these conditions is easily diagnosed during pregnancy due to a limited fetal phenotype. Here, we investigated a fetus that was initially observed to have short limbs and polydactyly and discovered a compound heterozygous pathogenesis through exome sequencing (ES).

Methods

Simultaneous trio‐ES and chromosome microarray analysis was provided for the fetus. The presence and effects of these variants on splicing were further validated at the DNA and RNA levels.

Results

Only short limbs and post‐axial polydactyly of the fetus were detected during the second trimester. Two variants (c.3940+1G>A and c.3303G>A), affecting splicing of KIAA0586, were identified from amniocytes through ES and validated by Sanger sequencing. More intensive fetal monitoring was applied, and the fetus was also found to have deformed cerebellar malformation and a constricted thoracic cage.

Conclusions

Herein, we report the genetic pathogenesis of SRTD and/or JS associated with KIAA0586 in a fetus. The novel splicing variants observed expand the spectrum of KIAA0586 in SRTD and/or JS. Based on the genetic data and the distinct corresponding phenotypes discovered by imaging examination, a comprehensive diagnosis was made during pregnancy and more valuable prognostic information was provided for the parents.
Existence and blow up criterion for strong solutions to the compressible biaxial nematic liquid crystal flow
Authors: Fang Jiahui , Lin Junyu
Published: December 2022

In recent paper, we study the compressible biaxial nematic liquid crystal flow in a simply connected and smooth bounded domain . An initial vacuum may exist in this flow. We firstly obtain a local existence of a unique strong solution by Galerkin's approximation method. Finally, we get a blow up criterion for such a local strong solution in terms of blow up of and for any .
Protocatechuic Acid Delays Postovulatory Oocyte Ageing in Mouse
Authors: Li Li‐Jun , Chao Shuo , Zhao Shu‐Xian , Lu Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Yuan , Zhao Yong , Zhao Ming‐Hui , Huang Gui‐An , Yin Shen , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Zhao Lei , Ge Zhao‐Jia
Published: December 2022

Scope

Tea is a popular beverage worldwide and has many health functions. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an important bioactive component of tea and has benefit to health. In some cases, oocytes after ovulation may miss the optimal fertilization time and enter a postovulatory ageing process. Therefore, to investigate the role of PCA in delaying oocyte ageing is aimed.

Methods and results

Metaphase II (MII) oocytes aged in vitro are randomly divided into three groups: control, aged, and aged + PCA. PCA treatment (30 µM) reduces the fragmentation rate and the incidence of abnormal spindle morphology and chromosome misalignment of oocytes aged 24 h in vitro. The mitochondrial dysfunction of aged oocytes, such as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS), is also alleviated by PCA. PCA also delays apoptosis of aged oocytes, and improves the sperm binding capacity. Otherwise, aged oocytes treated with PCA have a higher fertilization rate and blastocyst rate compared with untreated aged oocytes in vitro.

Conclusion

PCA is an important bioactive ingredient of tea that improves aged oocyte quality, suggesting that PCA is available to improve the quality of aged oocytes in vitro.
Consistent transmitting boundaries for time‐domain analyses of wave propagation in layered anisotropic waveguides
Authors: Lee Jin Ho
Published: December 2022

Consistent transmitting boundaries for time‐domain analyses of scalar‐ and elastic‐wave propagation in horizontally layered anisotropic or transversely isotropic waveguides are developed. Governing equations and corresponding consistent nodal forces are derived for scalar and elastic waves in layered waveguides for which finite‐element discretization is considered in the vertical layering direction. Auxiliary variables for the horizontal derivatives and integrals of displacements are introduced to modify the governing equations and the nodal forces. The desired consistent transmitting boundaries applicable to time‐domain analyses of scalar‐ and elastic‐wave propagation in isotropic and anisotropic waveguides are then derived. The transmitting boundary for a scalar wave satisfies the criteria for an accurate and well‐posed boundary condition and shows convergent, accurate, and stable behaviors for a variety of scalar‐wave propagation problems in waveguides. Although the boundary for an elastic wave is demonstrated as convergent and stable for elastic‐wave propagation problems in waveguides, limited accuracy is observed in the numerical examples. Nevertheless, the newly proposed approach is expected to provide another way to solve elastic‐wave propagation problems.
Gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings after weight loss induced by diet or bariatric surgery
Authors: Aukan Marthe Isaksen , Skårvold Silje , Brandsæter Ingrid Øfsti , Rehfeld Jens Frederik , Holst Jens Juul , Nymo Siren , Coutinho Silvia , Martins Catia
Published: December 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare changes in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings after a similar weight loss induced by a very low‐energy diet alone or in combination with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods

Patients with severe obesity scheduled for SG (n = 15) and RYGB (n = 14) and 15 controls (very low‐energy diet alone) were recruited. Body weight/composition, plasma concentrations of ß‐hydroxybutyric acid, acylated ghrelin, total glucagon‐like peptide‐1, total peptide YY, cholecystokinin, and ratings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption were measured pre‐ and postprandially, before and after 10 weeks of intervention.

Results

Changes in body weight/composition and level of ketosis were similar across groups. In SG and RYGB, basal and postprandial acylated ghrelin declined, and postprandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 increased, both significantly more compared with controls. Postprandial peptide YY increased in all groups. Overall, postprandial hunger decreased, and postprandial fullness increased. But ratings of desire to eat and prospective food consumption were more favorable after both surgeries compared with controls.

Conclusions

Weight loss with SG and RYGB leads to more favorable changes in gastrointestinal hormones compared with diet alone, although ratings of appetite were reduced across all groups.
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE IN SURVEY AND ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
Authors: Larrimore Jeff , Mortenson Jacob , Splinter David
Published: December 2022

Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits were a central part of the social safety net during the COVID‐19 recession. UI benefits, however, are severely understated in surveys. Using administrative tax data, we find that over half of UI benefits were missed in major survey data, with a greater understatement among low‐income workers. As a result, 2020 official poverty rates were overstated by about 2 percentage points, and corrected poverty reached a six‐decade low. We provide data to correct underreporting in surveys and show that, compared to UI benefits, the UI exclusion tax expenditure was less targeted at low incomes.
Using CRL3BPM E3 ligase substrate recognition sites as tools to impact plant development and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Al‐Saharin Raed , Mooney Sutton , Dissmeyer Nico , Hellmann Hanjo
Published: December 2022

Cullin‐based RING E3 ligases that use BTB/POZ‐MATH (BPM) proteins as substrate receptors have been established over the last decade as critical regulators in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. As such they affect general aspects of shoot and root development, flowering time, embryo development, and different abiotic stress responses, such as heat, drought and salt stress. To generate tools that can help to understand the role of CRL3BPM E3 ligases in plants, we developed a novel system using two conserved protein‐binding motifs from BPM substrates to transiently block CRL3BPM activity. The work investigates in vitro and in planta this novel approach, and shows that it can affect stress tolerance in plants as well as developmental aspects. It thereby can serve as a new tool for studying this E3 ligase in plants.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhosis patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong Yu Jun , Tan Chin Kimg , Yii Yuen Lin , Wong Yoko , Tam Yew Chong , Chan Edwin , Abraldes Juan G.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Emerging evidence suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis may be omitted in early cirrhosis patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), which question the benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis on rebleeding, mortality related to ongoing bleeding, and the need for salvage therapy. As the management of UGIB has improved over time since the last review a decade ago, we performed an updated meta‐analysis to review the benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhosis patients with UGIB.

Method

Six electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrial.gov were systematically searched up to December 1, 2021. The primary outcome was 6 weeks mortality. Secondary outcomes include the risk of infection, rebleeding at 7 days and 6 weeks, mortality related to ongoing bleeding, need for salvage therapy, and infection‐related mortality.

Result

Eighteen studies (12 randomized controlled trials [RCT], 6 non‐RCT) from 3180 subjects were identified among 2129 citations. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces mortality at 6 weeks, risk of infection, and infection‐related mortality (pooled relative risk: 0.72, 0.39, and 0.41, respectively). Although antibiotics reduce the risk of rebleeding and the amount of blood transfusion, they did not reduce the risk of mortality from ongoing bleeding nor the need for salvage therapy. Antibiotic prophylaxis may shorten the length of stay in the intensive care unit.

Conclusion

Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces rebleeding, 6‐week mortality, and infection‐related mortality. Due to the low risk of infection and death, dedicated studies are warranted to evaluate the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in early cirrhosis with UGIB.
Phase 1 study of safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody ABBV‐47D11 in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Shebley Mohamad , Wang Stanley , Ali Izna , Krishnan Preethi , Tripathi Rakesh , Reardon Joseph M. , Cafardi John , Rahav Galia , Caraco Yoseph , Slim Jihad , Al Akhrass Fadi , Yu Mengjia , Hu Yiran , Ferreira Rosa De Abreu , Alami Negar N.
Published: December 2022

ABBV‐47D11 is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody that targets a mutationally conserved hydrophobic pocket distal to the ACE2 binding site of SARS‐CoV‐2. This first‐in‐human safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral pharmacodynamic assessment in patients with COVID‐19 provide an initial evaluation of this antibody that may allow further development. This multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled single ascending dose study of ABBV‐47D11 (180, 600, or 2400 mg) as an intravenous infusion, was in hospitalized and non‐hospitalized (confined) adults with mild to moderate COVID‐19. Primary outcomes were grade 3 or higher study drug‐related adverse events and infusion‐related reactions. Secondary outcomes were pharmacokinetic parameters and concentration‐time profiles to Day 29, immunogenicity (anti‐drug antibodies), and antiviral activity (change in RT‐PCR viral load) from baseline to Days 15 and 29. ABBV‐47D11 single doses up to 2400 mg were safe and tolerated and no safety signals were identified. The pharmacokinetics of ABBV‐47D11 were linear and showed dose‐proportional increases in serum concentrations with ascending doses. The exploratory anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity revealed a reduction of viral load at and above the 600 mg dose of ABBV‐47D11 regardless of patient demographics and baseline characteristics, however; because of the high inter‐individual variability and small sample size a statistical significance was not reached. There is potential for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity with ABBV‐47D11 doses of 600 mg or higher, which could be evaluated in future clinical trials designed and powered to assess viral load reductions and clinical benefit.
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: Diagnostic Mimics, Confounders and Management Challenges in a Series of Five Long-Term Survivors from a Single Centre
Authors: Emerson Jonathan S. , Schifter Mark , Dai Pei , Jiang Jocelyn , Taylor Mark S. , Kang Michelle , Kwong Kenelm , Clark Hadleigh , Cullican Suzanne , Campbell David , Lin Ming-Wei
Published: December 2022

We present a series of five cases who presented to our institution with treatment-refractory mucosal ulceration, all of whom were subsequently diagnosed with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). This case series highlights the diagnostic and treatment considerations for PNP – in particular, the steroid-dependent, recalcitrant, polymorphic manifestations; the combination of histopathological and clinical findings that may overlap with clinically similar diseases, for example, pemphigus vulgaris and lichen planus; the importance of immunopathological findings for its diagnosis, and the need for surveillance and management of life-threatening bronchiolitis obliterans.
3D Nanolithography by Means of Lipid Ink Spreading Inhibition
Authors: Berganza Eider , Boltynjuk Evgeniy , Mathew George , Vallejo Fabio Fernando , Gröger Roland , Scherer Torsten , Sekula‐Neuner Sylwia , Hirtz Michael
Published: December 2022

While patterning 2D metallic nanostructures are well established through different techniques, 3D printing still constitutes a major bottleneck on the way to device miniaturization. In this work a fluid phase phospholipid ink is used as a building block for structuring with dip‐pen nanolithography. Following a bioinspired approach that relies on ink‐spreading inhibition, two processes are presented to build 2D and 3D metallic structures. Serum albumin, a widely used protein with an innate capability to bind to lipids, is the key in both processes. Covering the sample surface with it prior to lipid writing, anchors lipids on the substrate, which ultimately allows the creation of highly stable 3D lipid‐based scaffolds to build metallic structures.
Single‐Site Metal–Organic Framework and Copper Foil Tandem Catalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4
Authors: Yan Tingting , Wang Peng , Sun Wei‐Yin
Published: December 2022

Tandem catalysis is a promising way to break the limitation of linear scaling relationship for enhancing efficiency, and the desired tandem catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are urgent to be developed. Here, a tandem electrocatalyst created by combining Cu foil (CF) with a single‐site Cu(II) metal–organic framework (MOF), named as Cu–MOF–CF, to realize improved electrochemical CO2RR performance, is reported. The Cu–MOF–CF shows suppression of CH4, great increase in C2H4 selectivity (48.6%), and partial current density of C2H4 at −1.11 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. The outstanding performance of Cu–MOF–CF for CO2RR results from the improved microenvironment of the Cu active sites that inhibits CH4 production, more CO intermediate produced by single‐site Cu–MOF in situ for CF, and the enlarged active surface area by porous Cu–MOF. This work provides a strategy to combine MOFs with copper‐based electrocatalysts to establish high‐efficiency electrocatalytic CO2RR.
Salt‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Growth of 2D Bi2O2Se with Controlled Thickness for Electronics
Authors: Khan Usman , Nairan Adeela , Khan Karim , Li Sean , Liu Bilu , Gao Junkuo
Published: December 2022

Bi2O2Se is the most promising 2D material due to its semiconducting feature and high mobility, making it propitious channel material for high‐performance electronics that demands highly crystalline Bi2O2Se at low‐growth temperature. Here, a low‐temperature salt‐assisted chemical vapor deposition approach for growing single‐domain Bi2O2Se on a millimeter scale with thicknesses of multilayer to monolayer is presented. Because of the advantage of thickness‐dependent growth, systematical scrutiny of layer‐dependent Raman spectroscopy of Bi2O2Se from monolayer to bulk is investigated, revealing a redshift of the A1g mode at 162.4 cm−1. Moreover, the long‐term environmental stability of ≈2.4 nm thick Bi2O2Se is confirmed after exposing the sample for 1.5 years to air. The backgated field effect transistor (FET) based on a few‐layered Bi2O2Se flake represents decent carrier mobility (≈287 cm2 V−1s−1) and an ON/OFF ratio of up to 107. This report indicates a technique to grow large‐domain thickness controlled Bi2O2Se single crystals for electronics.
JMJD3 downregulates IL4i1 aggravating lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury via H3K27 and H3K4 demethylation
Authors: Gao Yizhuo , Wang Na , Jia Dong
Published: December 2022

The pro‐inflammation M1 to anti‐inflammation M2 macrophage ratio contribute to the severity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury (ALI). JMJD3 aggravates the inflammatory reaction through affecting epigenetic modification and macrophage's phenotype to deteriorate ALI. To explore the mechanism underlying the upregulation of the macrophage M1/M2 ratio through JMJD3, we developed an ALI mouse model using intratracheal LPS, LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and inhibited JMJD3 using GSK‐J4. H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 were investigated as JMJD3‐mediated epigenetic alteration sites in vivo and in vitro. C/EBPβ and KDM5A were validated as linking factors between H3K27 and H3K4. IL4i1 was investigated as a JMJD3‐mediated targeted gene to regulate the macrophage M1/M2 ratio. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the relationship between H3K27me3 and C/ebpβ, C/EBPβ and Kdm5a, H3K4me3 and Il4i1. Inhibiting JMJD3 with GSK‐J4 can relieve inflammation and pathological performance in ALI. JMJD3 can reduce IL4i1 expression to increase the macrophage M1/M2 ratio and aggravated ALI which process was mediated via JMJD3‐indcued H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 demethylation, latter H3K4me3 demethylation inhibited IL4i1 transcription. Inhibiting JMJD3 with GSK‐J4 can increase IL4i1 expression, subsequently decreasing the expressions of M1 and increasing of M2 in vivo. The over‐expression IL4i1 in LPS‐stimulated macrophage or inhibiting JMJD3 with GSK‐J4 can both reverse the increase of the macrophage M1/M2 ratio in vitro. C/EBPβ and KDM5A were upregulated by LPS simulation, which linked JMJD3‐induced H3K27‐H3K4 demethylation. JMJD3 inhibited IL4i1 to increase the macrophage M1/M2 phenotype ratio and aggravate LPS‐induced ALI. Using GSK‐J4 to inhibit JMJD3 may facilitate the treatment of LPS‐induced ALI.
Supporting the Writing Development of Emergent Bilingual Children: Universal and Language‐Specific Approaches
Authors: Bingham Gary E. , Gerde Hope K. , Zhang Chenyi , Zhang Xiao Y.
Published: December 2022

Emergent bilingual children express their ideas in written language through meaningful marks on a page by leveraging their oral language and print focused skills from home and school languages. Because writing is a complex task, particularly for children learning more than one language, teachers must make decisions about how they guide children through the writing process and how they respond in the moment to children’s writing ideas or actions. This article addresses the early writing environments and instructional practices needed to meet the needs of emergent bilingual writers. We examine how universal and language specific oral to written connections can be utilized in every day classroom interactions to support emergent bilingual children’s meaning and print based writing skills. Detailed examples of modeling and scaffolding practices that support preschool children’s writing development are described. Early writing, emergent bilinguals, early literacy, teacher practice, dual language learners, modeling, scaffolding.