bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MJERENJE I EVALUACIJA POSLOVNIH PERFORMANSI U NEPROFITNOM SEKTORU
Authors: Petrović Teodor , Radovanović Lazar
Published: December 2017

Uvažavajući heterogenost, brojnost, raznovrsnost pojavnih oblika, arenu djelovanja, zahtjeve stejkholdera, mjerenje i evaluacija poslovnih performansi neprofitnih organizacija (NPO) je postala vruća tema savremenih ekonomija i menadžmenta. NPO nedostaju elegancije finansijskih mjerila i one imaju značajne poteškoće da razviju druge (nefinansijske, kvalitativne) indikatore uspješnosti. Neusaglašenost jedinstvenih kriterijuma za mjerenje performansi doprinosi da NPO (članske, obrazovne, javne) koriste različita i dosta neujednačena mjerila, što otežava komparaciju poslovnih performansi u okviru neprofitnog sektora. Neophodno je da NPO koriste višedimenzionalni sistem mjerila, da modifikuju, ocjenjuju, drugačije tumače i interpretiraju neprofitni uspjeh u odnosu na tradicionalna mjerila profitnih entiteta. Problem mjerenja i evaluacije niје jasno i precizno determinisan za neprofitni sektor (NPS) i malo je istraživanja iz ove oblasti, a ovaj rad treba da doprinese smanjenju nastalog gepa ukazujući kako, zašto i koja su iskustva mjerenja performansi u NPO. U radu je primijenjen kvantitativni i kvalitativni pristup istraživanju. Cilj rada je da naznači moguće korake u ovom nedovoljno istraženom području i ponudi, bar rudimentarnu, osnovu za buduću bosanskohercegovačku zakonodavnu legislativu mjerenja neprofitnog uspjeha. Zaključeno je da su poteškoće, nedoumice i nedorečenosti mjerenja poslovnih performansi neprofitnih entiteta i dalje prisutne pa su neophodna sveobuhvatnija istraživanja u ovom sektoru.
UTICAJ NOVE REGULATIVE NA FINANSIJSKE INSTITUCIJE– DODD-FRANKOV ZAKON
Authors: Krsmanović Marko
Published: December 2017

Oslabljeno funkcionisanje finansijskog regulatornog sistema koje je dovelo do svjetske ekonomske krize zahtijevaloje hitne intervencije i adekvatne reforme. Sistemski poremećaji narušili su normalno funkcionisanje monetarnih tokova i sa njima povezanih finansijskih tržišta. Jedna od najsnažnijih inicijativa ka reformi dolazi upravo iz američkog zakonodavstva u vidu Dodd-Frankovog zakona, koji za cilj ima povećanje transparentnosti, zaštitu potrošača od zloupotreba i obmana, kao i reformu Volstrita. Osnivanjem novih finansijskih i regulatornih institucija pri Federalnim rezervama (FED-u) uspostavljena je kontrola nad velikim bankama i kreditnim udruženjima, hipotekarnim poslovima, zajmodavcima kratkoročnih kredita i drugim velikim nebankarskim finansijskim kompanijama. Dodd-Frankov zakon pokušava da ispravi slabosti Bazelskog sporazuma po pitanju ublažavanja efekata ekonomske krize, a njegov sastavni dio, Volkerovo pravilo, ima zadatak da bankarsko poslovanje odvoji od rizičnih poslovnih aktivnosti.
Stress-induced Cdk5 activity enhances cytoprotective basal autophagy in Drosophila melanogaster by phosphorylating acinus at serine437
Authors: Nandi Nilay , Tyra Lauren K , Stenesen Drew , Krämer Helmut
Published: December 2017

Cdk5 is a post-mitotic kinase with complex roles in maintaining neuronal health. The various mechanisms by which Cdk5 inhibits and promotes neurodegeneration are still poorly understood. Here, we show that in Drosophila melanogaster Cdk5 regulates basal autophagy, a key mechanism suppressing neurodegeneration. In a targeted screen, Cdk5 genetically interacted with Acinus (Acn), a primarily nuclear protein, which promotes starvation-independent, basal autophagy. Loss of Cdk5, or its required cofactor p35, reduces S437-Acn phosphorylation, whereas Cdk5 gain-of-function increases pS437-Acn levels. The phospho-mimetic S437D mutation stabilizes Acn and promotes basal autophagy. In p35 mutants, basal autophagy and lifespan are reduced, but restored to near wild-type levels in the presence of stabilized AcnS437D. Expression of aggregation-prone polyQ-containing proteins or the Amyloid-β42 peptide, but not alpha-Synuclein, enhances Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of S437-Acn. Our data indicate that Cdk5 is required to maintain the protective role of basal autophagy in the initial responses to a subset of neurodegenerative challenges.
The diversity of floral temperature patterns, and their use by pollinators
Authors: Harrap Michael JM , Rands Sean A , Hempel de Ibarra Natalie , Whitney Heather M
Published: December 2017

Pollinating insects utilise various sensory cues to identify and learn rewarding flower species. One such cue is floral temperature, created by captured sunlight or plant thermogenesis. Bumblebees, honeybees and stingless bees can distinguish flowers based on differences in overall temperature between flowers. We report here that floral temperature often differs between different parts of the flower creating a temperature structure or pattern. Temperature patterns are common, with 55% of 118 plant species thermographed, showing within-flower temperature differences greater than the 2°C difference that bees are known to be able to detect. Using differential conditioning techniques, we show that bumblebees can distinguish artificial flowers differing in temperature patterns comparable to those seen in real flowers. Thus, bumblebees are able to perceive the shape of these within-flower temperature patterns. Floral temperature patterns may therefore represent a new floral cue that could assist pollinators in the recognition and learning of rewarding flowers.
Tree crickets optimize the acoustics of baffles to exaggerate their mate-attraction signal
Authors: Mhatre Natasha , Malkin Robert , Deb Rittik , Balakrishnan Rohini , Robert Daniel
Published: December 2017

Object manufacture in insects is typically inherited, and believed to be highly stereotyped. Optimization, the ability to select the functionally best material and modify it appropriately for a specific function, implies flexibility and is usually thought to be incompatible with inherited behaviour. Here, we show that tree-crickets optimize acoustic baffles, objects that are used to increase the effective loudness of mate-attraction calls. We quantified the acoustic efficiency of all baffles within the naturally feasible design space using finite-element modelling and found that design affects efficiency significantly. We tested the baffle-making behaviour of tree crickets in a series of experimental contexts. We found that given the opportunity, tree crickets optimised baffle acoustics; they selected the best sized object and modified it appropriately to make a near optimal baffle. Surprisingly, optimization could be achieved in a single attempt, and is likely to be achieved through an inherited yet highly accurate behavioural heuristic.
Utilizing social media and video games to control #DIY microscopes
Authors: Leblanc-Latour Maxime , Bryan Craig , Pelling Andrew E.
Published: December 2017

Open-source lab equipment is becoming more widespread with the popularization of fabrication tools such as 3D printers, laser cutters, CNC machines, open source microcontrollers and open source software. Although many pieces of common laboratory equipment have been developed, software control of these items is sometimes lacking. Specifically, control software that can be easily implemented and enable user-input and control over multiple platforms (PC, smartphone, web, etc.). The aim of this proof-of principle study was to develop and implement software for the control of a low-cost, 3D printed microscope. Here, we present two approaches which enable microscope control by exploiting the functionality of the social media platform Twitter or player actions inside of the videogame Minecraft. The microscope was constructed from a modified web-camera and implemented on a Raspberry Pi computer. Three aspects of microscope control were tested, including single image capture, focus control and time-lapse imaging. The Twitter embodiment enabled users to send ‘tweets’ directly to the microscope. Image data acquired by the microscope was then returned to the user through a Twitter reply and stored permanently on the photo-sharing platform Flickr, along with any relevant metadata. Local control of the microscope was also implemented by utilizing the video game Minecraft, in situations where Internet connectivity is not present or stable. A virtual laboratory was constructed inside the Minecraft world and player actions inside the laboratory were linked to specific microscope functions. Here, we present the methodology and results of these experiments and discuss possible limitations and future extensions of this work.
Swept Forward Magnetic Field Variability in High‐Latitude Regions of Saturn's Magnetosphere
Authors: Davies E. H. , Masters A. , Dougherty M. K. , Hansen K. C. , Coates A. J. , Hunt G. J.
Published: December 2017

Swept forward field is the term given to configurations of magnetic field wherein the field lines deviate from the meridional planes of a planet in the direction of its rotation. Evidence is presented for swept‐forward field configurations on Cassini orbits around Saturn from the first half of 2008. These orbits were selected on the basis of high inclination, spatial proximity, and temporal proximity, allowing for the observation of swept‐forward field and resolution of dynamic effects using data from the Cassini magnetometer. Nine orbits are surveyed; all show evidence of swept‐forward field, with typical sweep angle found to be 23°. Evidence is found for transient events that lead to temporary dramatic increases in sweep‐forward angle. The Michigan Solar Wind Model is employed to investigate temporal correlation between the arrivals of solar wind shocks at Saturn with these transient events, with two shown to include instances corresponding with solar wind shock arrivals. Measurements of equatorial electron number density from anode 5 of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer instrument are investigated for evidence of magnetospheric compression, corresponding with predicted shock arrivals. Potential mechanisms for the transfer of momentum from the solar wind to the magnetosphere are discussed.
On the Dynamics of Austral Heat Waves
Authors: Risbey James S. , O'Kane Terence J. , Monselesan Didier P. , Franzke Christian L. E. , Horenko Illia
Published: December 2017

This work examines summer heat wave events in four different regions of Australia (southwest, central, southeast, and northeast) to assess similarities and differences in the circulations that precede, accompany, and follow the heat wave events. A series of circulation composites are constructed for days from 10 days prior to 5 days following onset of each heat wave event. The composites of geopotential height anomalies and wave activity flux vectors show that heat waves in southwest and southeast Australia are preceded by coherent wave train structures in the Indian Ocean region, accompanied by blocking in the Australian region (as an amplified node of the wave train structure), and followed by coherent responses of wave train patterns in the Pacific and South America regions. The heat wave blocking high is maintained by convergence of wave activity in a well‐defined wave channel. The concentration of wave activity in the block is aided by the formation of a subtropical jet branch and wave barrier on the equatorward side of the block. Heat waves in central and northeast Australia show similar wave train life cycle responses, but with a proximate ridge in the midtroposphere and a trough in the nearby waveguide region. Heat waves in Australia can be viewed as an element of successive expression of the planetary waveguide modes in the Southern Hemisphere and serve as signifiers of organized, active phases of these modes.
A Gradually Varied Approach to Model Turbidity Currents in Submarine Channels
Authors: Bolla Pittaluga M. , Frascati A. , Falivene O.
Published: December 2017

We develop a one‐dimensional model to describe the dynamics of turbidity current flowing in submarine channels. We consider the flow as a steady state polydisperse suspension accounting for water detrainment from the clear water‐turbid interface, for spatial variations of the channel width and for water and sediment lateral overspill from the channel levees. Moreover, we account for sediment exchange with the bed extending the model to deal with situations where the current meets a nonerodible bed. Results show that when water detrainment is accounted for, the flow thickness becomes approximately constant proceeding downstream. Similarly, in the presence of channel levees, the flow tends to adjust to channel relief through the lateral loss of water and sediment. As more mud is spilled above the levees relative to sand, the flow becomes more sand rich proceeding downstream when lateral overspill is present. Velocity and flow thickness predicted by the model are then validated by showing good agreement with laboratory observations. Finally, the model is applied to the Monterey Canyon bathymetric data matching satisfactorily the December 2002 event field measurements and predicting a runout length consistent with observations.
Distributed H2/H∞ filtering over infinite horizon
Authors: Chen Chunyu , Dong Wenjie , Djapic Vladimir
Published: December 2017

This paper studies distributed H2/H∞ filtering problem with the aid of neighbors’ information. It is assumed that there are both bounded power uncertainty and stochastic white noise in the model of the considered system. A 2‐step design approach is proposed to calculate the observer gain and the coupling gain in the proposed observers. In order to reduce the computation load of solving coupled matrix equations, a simplified design procedure is also proposed. Simulation of 2 examples shows the effectiveness of the proposed filter design procedure.
Spin Valve Effect of 2D‐Materials Based Magnetic Junctions
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Siddique Salma , Hussain Ghulam
Published: December 2017

The magnetotransport properties of spin valve structure are highly influenced by the type of intervening layer inserted between the ferromagnetic electrodes. In this scenario, spin filtering effect at the interfaces plays a crucial role in determining the magnetoresistance (MR) of such magnetic structures, which can be enhanced by using a suitable intervening layer. Here, the authors investigate the spin filtering effect of the two‐dimensional layers such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene (Gr), and Gr‐hBN hybrid system for modifying the magnetotransport characteristics of the vertical spin valve architectures (Ni/hBN/Ni, Ni/Gr/Ni, and Ni/Gr‐hBN/Ni). Compared to graphene, hBN incorporated magnetic junction reveals higher MR and spin polarizations (P) suggesting better spin filtering at the interfaces. The MR for hBN incorporated junction is calculated to be ≈0.83%, while that of graphene junction it is estimated to be ≈0.16%. Similar contrast is observed in the ‘P’ of ferromagnets (FMs) for the two junctions, that is, ≈6.4% for hBN based magnetic junction and ≈2.8% for graphene device. However, for Gr‐hBN device, the signal not only get inverts, but it also suggests efficient spin filtering mechanism at the FM interfaces. Their results can be useful to comprehend the origin of spin filtering and the choice of non‐magnetic spacer for magnetotransport characteristics.
Electrically Controlled Neurochemical Release from Dual‐Layer Conducting Polymer Films for Precise Modulation of Neural Network Activity in Rat Barrel Cortex
Authors: Du Zhanhong Jeff , Bi Guo‐Qiang , Cui Xinyan Tracy
Published: December 2017

Implantable microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are important tools for investigating functional neural circuits and treating neurological diseases. Precise modulation of neural activity may be achieved by controlled delivery of neurochemicals directly from coatings on MEA electrode sites. In this study, a novel dual‐layer conductive polymer/acid functionalized carbon nanotube (fCNT) microelectrode coating is developed to better facilitate the loading and controlled delivery of the neurochemical 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX). The base layer coating is consisted of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene/fCNT and the top layer is consisted of polypyrrole/fCNT/DNQX. The dual‐layer coating is capable of both loading and electrically releasing DNQX and the release dynamic is characterized with fluorescence microscopy and mathematical modeling. In vivo DNQX release is demonstrated in rat somatosensory cortex. Sensory‐evoked neural activity is immediately (<1s) and locally (<446 µm) suppressed by electrically triggered DNQX release. Furthermore, a single DNQX‐loaded, dual‐layer coating is capable of inducing effective neural inhibition for at least 26 times without observable degradation in efficacy. Incorporation of the novel drug releasing coating onto individual MEA electrodes offers many advantages over alternative methods by increasing spatial‐temporal precision and improving drug selection flexibility without increasing the device's size.
Reversible Thermochromic Polymeric Thin Films Made of Ultrathin 2D Crystals of Coordination Polymers Based on Copper(I)‐Thiophenolates
Authors: Troyano Javier , Castillo Oscar , Martínez José I. , Fernández‐Moreira Vanesa , Ballesteros Yolanda , Maspoch Daniel , Zamora Félix , Delgado Salome
Published: December 2017

A one‐pot reaction between Cu(BF4)2·xH2O and 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid in acetone or methanol gives rise to the formation of lamellar microcrystals of two Cu(I)‐thiophenolate‐based coordination polymers (CPs) with the formulas [CuCT]
n (1) (CT = 4‐carboxy‐thiophenolate) and [CuMCT]n (2) (MCT = 4‐methoxycarbonyl‐thiophenolate). Both 1 and 2 show a reversible luminescent thermochromic behavior upon cooling, changing their color from pale yellow to green to orange in the case of 1, and from pale orange to green in the case of 2. It is shown that the lamellar character of these crystals, which exhibit micrometer lateral dimensions and sub‐micrometer/nanometer thicknesses, allows processing them with an organic polymer such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) to form thermochromic 1@PVDF and 2@PVDF thin films. These thermal stimuli‐responsive thin films are freestanding, free of macroscopic defects, and robust under mechanical bending stress, opening up the possibility to use them in, for example, 2D imaging sensor films.
Actively Targeted Deep Tissue Imaging and Photothermal‐Chemo Therapy of Breast Cancer by Antibody‐Functionalized Drug‐Loaded X‐Ray‐Responsive Bismuth Sulfide@Mesoporous Silica Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Lihua , Lu Yao , Jiang Chunyan , Zhu Ye , Yang Xianfeng , Hu Xiaoming , Lin Zefeng , Zhang Yu , Peng Mingying , Xia Hong , Mao Chuanbin
Published: December 2017

A theranostic platform combining synergistic therapy and real‐time imaging attracts enormous attention but still faces great challenges, such as tedious modifications and lack of efficient accumulation in tumor. Here, a novel type of theranostic agent, bismuth sulfide@mesoporous silica (Bi2S3@mPS) core‐shell nanoparticles (NPs), for targeted image‐guided therapy of human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER‐2) positive breast cancer is developed. To generate such NPs, polyvinylpyrrolidone decorated rod‐like Bi2S3 NPs are chemically encapsulated with a mesoporous silica (mPS) layer and loaded with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin. The resultant NPs are then chemically conjugated with trastuzumab (Tam, a monoclonal antibody targeting HER‐2 overexpressed breast cancer cells) to form Tam‐Bi2S3@mPS NPs. By in vitro and in vivo studies, it is demonstrated that the Tam‐Bi2S3@mPS bear multiple desired features for cancer theranostics, including good biocompatibility and drug loading ability as well as precise and active tumor targeting and accumulation (with a bismuth content in tumor being ≈16 times that of nontargeted group). They can simultaneously serve both as an excellent contrast enhancement probe (due to the presence of strong X‐ray‐attenuating bismuth element) for computed tomography deep tissue tumor imaging and as a therapeutic agent to destruct tumors and prevent metastasis by synergistic photothermal‐chemo therapy.
Simultaneous Activation of Short‐Wave Infrared (SWIR) Light and Paramagnetism by a Functionalized Shell for High Penetration and Spatial Resolution Theranostics
Authors: Ma Liyi , Liu Yuxin , Liu Lidong , Jiang Anqi , Mao Fang , Liu Dongdong , Wang Lu , Zhou Jing
Published: December 2017

Nanoparticle emitting short‐wave infrared (SWIR) light has received increased attention in the molecular imaging field due to its deeper tissue penetration, fast imaging, high sensitivity, and resolution. The simultaneously activated SWIR excited directly by an 808 nm laser and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal are found in one single‐shell nanoparticle NaErF4@NaGdF4 (Er@Gd), which is used as a dual‐modality imaging contrast agent in vivo to accurately determine the position of tumors. The conjugated cypate is then aggregated on the surface of Er@Gd@SiO2‐Cy/bovine serum albumin. With the guidance of dual modality imaging, photothermal therapy is effectively used to ablate tumors in a mouse model. The design of single‐shell nanomaterial activation of SWIR imaging and MRI signals is expected to provide a new strategy for high penetration and spatial resolution cancer theranostics.
Pt Nanoparticles Sensitized Ordered Mesoporous WO3 Semiconductor: Gas Sensing Performance and Mechanism Study
Authors: Ma Junhao , Ren Yuan , Zhou Xinran , Liu Liangliang , Zhu Yongheng , Cheng Xiaowei , Xu Pengcheng , Li Xinxin , Deng Yonghui , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: December 2017

In this study, a straightforward coassembly strategy is demonstrated to synthesize Pt sensitized mesoporous WO3 with crystalline framework through the simultaneous coassembly of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene, hydrophobic platinum precursors, and hydrophilic tungsten precursors. The obtained WO3/Pt nanocomposites possess large pore size (≈13 nm), high surface area (128 m2 g−1), large pore volume (0.32 cm3 g−1), and Pt nanoparticles (≈4 nm) in situ homogeneously distributed in mesopores, and they exhibit excellent catalytic sensing response to CO of low concentration at low working temperature with good sensitivity, ultrashort response‐recovery time (16 s/1 s), and high selectivity. In‐depth study reveals that besides the contribution from the fast diffusion of gaseous molecules and rich interfaces in mesoporous WO3/Pt nanocomposites, the partially oxidized Pt nanoparticles that chemically and electronically sensitize the crystalline WO3 matrix, dramatically enhance the sensitivity and selectivity.
Advances in Stimulus‐Responsive Polymeric Materials for Systemic Delivery of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Sun Minjie , Wang Kaikai , Oupický David
Published: December 2017

Polymeric materials that respond to a variety of endogenous and external stimuli are actively developed to overcome the main barriers to successful systemic delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. Here, an overview of viable stimuli that are proved to improve systemic delivery of nucleic acids is provided. The main focus is placed on nucleic acid delivery systems (NADS) based on polymers that respond to pathological or physiological changes in pH, redox state, enzyme levels, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species levels. Additional discussion is focused on NADS suitable for applications that use external stimuli, such as light, ultrasound, and local hyperthermia.
Theranostic 2D Tantalum Carbide (MXene)
Authors: Lin Han , Wang Youwei , Gao Shanshan , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin
Published: December 2017

The large‐dimensional and rigid ceramic bulks fabricated by high‐temperature solid‐phase reaction and sintering have never been considered for possibly entering and circulating within the blood vessels for biomedical applications, especially on combating cancer. Here, it is reported for the first time that MAX ceramic biomaterials exhibit unique functionalities for dual‐mode photoacoustic/computed tomography imaging and are highly effective for in vivo photothermal ablation of tumors upon being exfoliated into ultrathin nanosheets within atomic thickness (MXene). As a paradigm, 2D ultrathin tantalum carbide nanosheets (Ta4C3 MXenes) with nanosized lateral sizes are successfully synthesized based on a two‐step liquid exfoliation strategy of MAX phase Ta4AlC3 by combined hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching and probe sonication. The structural, electronic, and surface characteristics of the as‐exfoliated nanosheets are revealed by various characterizations combined with first‐principles calculations via density functional theory. Especially, the superior photothermal‐conversion performance (efficiency η of 44.7%) and in vitro/in vivo photothermal ablation of tumor by biocompatible soybean phospholipid‐modified Ta4C3 nanosheets are systematically revealed and demonstrated. Based on the large family members of MXenes, this work may offer a paradigm that MXenes can achieve the specific biomedical applications (here, theranostic) providing that their compositions and nanostructures are carefully tuned and optimized to meet the strict requirements of biomedicine.
A Carbonyl Compound‐Based Flexible Cathode with Superior Rate Performance and Cyclic Stability for Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Amin Kamran , Meng Qinghai , Ahmad Aziz , Cheng Meng , Zhang Miao , Mao Lijuan , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang
Published: December 2017

A sulfur‐linked carbonyl‐based poly(2,5‐dihydroxyl‐1,4‐benzoquinonyl sulfide) (PDHBQS) compound is synthesized and used as cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Flexible binder‐free composite cathode with single‐wall carbon nanotubes (PDHBQS–SWCNTs) is then fabricated through vacuum filtration method with SWCNTs. Electrochemical measurements show that PDHBQS–SWCNTs cathode can deliver a discharge capacity of 182 mA h g−1 (0.9 mA h cm−2) at a current rate of 50 mA g−1 and a potential window of 1.5 V–3.5 V. The cathode delivers a capacity of 75 mA h g−1 (0.47 mA h cm−2) at 5000 mA g−1, which confirms its good rate performance at high current density. PDHBQS–SWCNTs flexible cathode retains 89% of its initial capacity at 250 mA g−1 after 500 charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, large‐area (28 cm2) flexible batteries based on PDHBQS–SWCNTs cathode and lithium foils anode are also assembled. The flexible battery shows good electrochemical activities with continuous bending, which retains 88% of its initial discharge capacity after 2000 bending cycles. The significant capacity, high rate performance, superior cyclic performance, and good flexibility make this material a promising candidate for a future application of flexible LIBs.
A Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Consisting of Interconnected Nickel–Iron‐Layered Double Hydroxide and Carbon Nanodomains
Authors: Yin Shengming , Tu Wenguang , Sheng Yuan , Du Yonghua , Kraft Markus , Borgna Armando , Xu Rong
Published: December 2017

In this work, a one‐pot solution method for direct synthesis of interconnected ultrafine amorphous NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) (<5 nm) and nanocarbon using the molecular precursor of metal and carbon sources is presented for the first time. During the solvothermal synthesis of NiFe‐LDH, the organic ligand decomposes and transforms to amorphous carbon with graphitic nanodomains by catalytic effect of Fe. The confined growth of both NiFe‐LDH and carbon in one single sheet results in fully integrated amorphous NiFe‐LDH/C nanohybrid, allowing the harness of the high intrinsic activity of NiFe‐LDH due to (i) amorphous and distorted LDH structure, (ii) enhanced active surface area, and (iii) strong coupling between the active phase and carbon. As such, the resultant NiFe‐LDH/C exhibits superior activity and stability. Different from postdeposition or electrostatic self‐assembly process for the formation of LDH/C composite, this method offers one new opportunity to fabricate high‐performance oxygen evolution reaction and possibly other catalysts.
A Water‐Processable and Bioactive Multivalent Graphene Nanoink for Highly Flexible Bioelectronic Films and Nanofibers
Authors: Cheng Chong , Zhang Jianguang , Li Shuang , Xia Yi , Nie Chuanxiong , Shi Zhenqiang , Cuellar‐Camacho Jose Luis , Ma Nan , Haag Rainer
Published: December 2017

The capabilities of conductive nanomaterials to be produced in liquid form with well‐defined chemical, physical, and biological properties are highly important for the construction of next‐generation flexible bioelectronic devices. Although functional graphene nanomaterials can serve as attractive liquid nanoink platforms for the fabrication of bioelectronics, scalable synthesis of graphene nanoink with an integration of high colloidal stability, water processability, electrochemical activity, and especially bioactivity remains a major challenge. Here, a facile and scalable synthesis of supramolecular‐functionalized multivalent graphene nanoink (mGN‐ink) via [2+1] nitrene cycloaddition is reported. The mGN‐ink unambiguously displays a well‐defined and flat 2D morphology and shows good water processability and bioactivity. The uniquely chemical, physical, and biological properties of mGN‐ink endow the constructed bioelectronic films and nanofibers with high flexibility and durability, suitable conductivity and electrochemical activity, and most importantly, good cellular compatibility and a highly efficient control of stem‐cell spreading and orientation. Overall, for the first time, a water‐processable and bioactive mGN‐ink is developed for the design of flexible and electrochemically active bioelectronic composites and devices, which not only presents manifold possibilities for electronic‐cellular applications but also establishes a new pathway for adapting macroscopic usages of graphene nanomaterials in bionic, biomedical, electronic, and even energy fields.
High‐Capacity and High‐Rate Discharging of a Coenzyme Q10‐Catalyzed Li–O2 Battery
Authors: Zhang Yantao , Wang Liang , Zhang Xiaozheng , Guo Limin , Wang Ying , Peng Zhangquan
Published: December 2017

Discharging of the aprotic Li–O2 battery relies on O2 reduction to insulating solid Li2O2, which can either deposit as thin films on the cathode surface or precipitate as large particles in the electrolyte solution. Toward realizing Li–O2 batteries with high capacity and high rate capability, it is crucially important to discharge Li2O2 in the electrolyte solution rather than on the cathode surface. Here, a soluble electrocatalyst of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) that can efficaciously drive solution phase formation of Li2O2 in current benchmark ether‐based Li–O2 batteries is reported, which would otherwise lead to Li2O2 surface‐film growth and premature cell death. In the range of current densities of 0.1–0.5 mA cm−2areal, the CoQ10‐catalyzed Li–O2 battery can deliver a discharge capacity that is ≈40–100 times what the pristine Li–O2 battery could achieve. The drastically enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the CoQ10 that not only efficiently mediates the electron transfer from the cathode to dissolve O2 but also strongly interacts with the newly formed Li2O2 in solution retarding its precipitation on the cathode surface. The mediated oxygen reduction reaction and the bonding mechanism between CoQ10 and Li2O2 are understood with density functional theory calculations.
Enhanced Negative Photoconductivity in InAs Nanowire Phototransistors Surface‐Modified with Molecular Monolayers
Authors: Shen Lifan , Yip SenPo , Lan Changyong , Shu Lei , Li Dapan , Zhou Ziyao , Wong Chun‐Yuen , Pun Edwin Y. B. , Ho Johnny C.
Published: December 2017

Negative photoconductivity (NPC) mechanisms are widely investigated for high‐performance InAs nanowire (NW) phototransistors, where these mechanisms are usually attributed to severe carrier scattering centers, light‐assisted hot electron trapping in the surface oxide, and/or defects induced photogating layer. However, further insights into their photodetecting mechanisms, as well as corresponding performance enhancement of these NW phototransistors, are still very limited. This work reports the NPC behavior in surface‐modified InAs NW phototransistors based on photoexcitation induced majority electron trapping in the bonded sulfur monolayer under optical illumination. In order to enhance hot electron trapping ability of the bonded sulfur layer, aromatic thiolate (ArS−)‐based molecular monolayer with strong electron‐withdrawing group is employed using simple wet chemistry for the surface modification of InAs NW phototransistors. The magnitude of the photoexcitation induced hot electron trapping is increased by the stronger electron‐withdrawing ability of the ArS−‐based molecular monolayer, enabling the hot electrons to be trapped and released more efficiently, resulting in NW phototransistors with good sensitivity, fast photoresponse, and long‐term stability to low intensity visible light. These results confirm the potential of InAs NW phototransistors surface‐passivated with molecular monolayers in the application and realization of high‐sensitive and long‐term stable room temperature nanoscale photodetectors.
Conversion of γ‐ and δ‐Keto Esters into Optically Active Lactams. Transaminases in Cascade Processes
Authors: Mourelle‐Insua Ángela , Zampieri Luiz Arthur , Lavandera Iván , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente
Published: December 2017

A one‐pot two‐step enzymatic strategy has been designed for the production of optically active γ‐ and δ‐lactams in aqueous medium under mild conditions. The approach is based on the biotransamination of ethyl or methyl keto esters bearing different alkyl or aryl substitution patterns at α‐position to the ketone functionality. In this manner, the keto esters were transformed into the corresponding amino esters with excellent conversions, which underwent spontaneous cyclisation in the reaction medium without addition of external reagents. Depending on the transaminase selectivity, both lactam enantiomers can be obtained, so initial enzyme screenings were performed using commercially available and made in house enzymes. Reaction conditions were optimised focusing on the substrate concentration, temperature and ratio of amine donor vs acceptor. Thus, ten γ‐ and δ‐lactams were obtained in good to high isolated yields (70–90%) and excellent selectivities (94–99%) after one or two days at 30 or 45 °C.

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Application of Homophthalic Anhydrides as 2C Building Blocks in Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclizations of ortho‐Quinone Methides: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Construction of Dihydrocoumarin Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Ting , Ma Chun , Zhou Jia‐Yu , Mei Guang‐Jian , Shi Feng
Published: December 2017

A catalytic asymmetric [4+2] cyclization of ortho‐quinone methides with homophthalic anhydrides in the presence of chiral squaramide‐tertiary amine has been established. This method provides dihydrocoumarin frameworks in excellent diastereoselectivities (all >95:5 dr) and high enantioselectivities (81%–98% ee). This reaction represents the first application of homophthalic anhydrides as 2C building blocks in catalytic asymmetric cyclizations. In addition, this approach not only provides a useful method for constructing enantioenriched dihydrocoumarin frameworks but also advances the chemistry of catalytic asymmetric cyclizations of ortho‐quinone methides.

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Asymmetric Amination of α‐Chiral Aliphatic Aldehydes via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution to Access Stereocomplementary Brivaracetam and Pregabalin Precursors
Authors: Fuchs Christine S. , Farnberger Judith E. , Steinkellner Georg , Sattler Johann H. , Pickl Mathias , Simon Robert C. , Zepeck Ferdinand , Gruber Karl , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: December 2017

Over the last decades biocatalysis has emerged as an indispensable and versatile tool for the asymmetric synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In this context, especially transaminases (TAs) have been successfully used for the preparation of numerous α‐chiral, optically pure amines, serving as important building blocks for APIs. Here we elaborate on the development of transaminases recognizing the α‐chiral centre adjacent to an aldehyde moiety with aliphatic residues, opening up concepts for novel synthetic routes to the antiepileptic drugs Brivaracetam and Pregabalin. The transformation proceeded via dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) based on the bio‐induced racemisation of the aldehyde enantiomers, enabling the amination of the racemic substrates with quantitative conversions. Medium, substrate as well as enzyme engineering gave access to both (R)‐ and (S)‐enantiomers of the amine precursors of the stereocomplementary drugs in high optical purity, representing a short route to mentioned APIs.

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Dense Carbon Nanotube Films as Transparent Electrodes in Low‐Voltage Polymer and All‐Carbon Transistors
Authors: Held Martin , Laiho Patrik , Kaskela Antti , Gannott Florentina , Rother Marcel , Kauppinen Esko , Zaumseil Jana
Published: December 2017

Dense but transparent films of long and clean carbon nanotubes grown by the floating catalyst method, transferred and patterned on glass substrates, are employed as source and drain electrodes in top‐gate field‐effect transistors with both low‐mobility semiconducting polymers and high‐mobility networks of polymer‐sorted semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes. Significant enhancement of ambipolar charge injection into the polymer semiconductor compared to gold electrodes is observed, while the limitations of sheet resistance become apparent for the high‐mobility nanotube transistors. The injection of charges from gold compared to carbon nanotube electrodes into the semiconducting nanotube network is investigated by means of conductive atomic force microscopy indicating a less defined channel edge for the latter. Metal‐free, all‐carbon electrolyte‐gated transistors with a nanotube network semiconductor as well as nanotube source, drain, and gate electrodes show both hole and electron transport at very low operating voltages.
Connecting the Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Xie Renxuan , Colby Ralph H. , Gomez Enrique D.
Published: December 2017

Both the mechanical deformability and electronic conductivity of conjugated polymers play important roles in the development of wearable and stretchable electronics. Despite the recent progress and emphasis on achieving highly stretchable and conductive devices, the correlation between the mechanical and conductive properties is poorly understood and remains mostly empirical. The future of flexible electronics relies on the ability to predict and tune the mechanical and conductive properties such that the molecular design of conjugated polymers can be optimized for various applications. Instead of seeking a direct correlation between mechanical and conductive properties, this Progress Report proposes to examine the common microstructural origin for mechanical performance and charge transport in conjugated polymers. Measurements of microstructural information, such as persistence length, chain entanglement, glass transition, liquid crystalline phase transition, and intercrystalline morphology, are desperately needed in the field of conjugated polymers in order to establish connections with both the mechanical/conductive properties and the chemical structures. Conventional experimental methods in the field of flexible polymer physics, such as linear viscoelastic rheometry, open up new avenues for characterizing these microstructural parameters, thereby providing a path toward predicting and designing the molecular structure of conjugated polymers with desired mechanical and conductive properties.
Reconfigurable Si Nanowire Nonvolatile Transistors
Authors: Park So Jeong , Jeon Dae‐Young , Piontek Sabrina , Grube Matthias , Ocker Johannes , Sessi Violetta , Heinzig André , Trommer Jens , Kim Gyu‐Tae , Mikolajick Thomas , Weber Walter M.
Published: December 2017

Reconfigurable transistors merge unipolar p‐ and n‐type characteristics of field‐effect transistors into a single programmable device. Combinational circuits have shown benefits in area and power consumption by fine‐grain reconfiguration of complete logic blocks at runtime. To complement this volatile programming technology, a proof of concept for individually addressable reconfigurable nonvolatile transistors is presented. A charge‐trapping stack is incorporated, and four distinct and stable states in a single device are demonstrated.
Small supernumerary marker chromosome 15 and a ring chromosome 15 associated with a 15q26.3 deletion excluding the IGF1R gene
Authors: Szabó András , Czakó Márta , Hadzsiev Kinga , Duga Balázs , Bánfai Zsolt , Komlósi Katalin , Melegh Béla
Published: December 2017

Array comparative genomic hybridization is essential in the investigation of chromosomal rearrangements associated with epilepsy, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features. In many cases deletions, duplications, additional marker chromosomes, and ring chromosomes originating from chromosome 15 lead to abnormal phenotypes. We present a child with epilepsy, cardiac symptoms, severely delayed mental and growth development, behavioral disturbances and characteristic dysmorphic features showing a ring chromosome 15 and a small supernumerary marker chromosome. Array CGH detected a 1 Mb deletion of 15q26.3 in a ring chromosome 15 and a 2.6 Mb copy number gain of 15q11.2 corresponding to a small supernumerary marker chromosome involving proximal 15q. Our findings add to previously published results of 15q11q13 duplications and 15q26 terminal deletions. Based on our study we can support the previous reported limited information about the role of SELS, SNRPA1, and PCSK6 genes in the development of the heart morphology. On the other hand, we found that the copy number loss of our patient did not involve the IGF1R gene which is often associated with growth retardation (short stature and decreased weight). We hypothesize that haploinsufficiency of the 15q26 genomic region distal to IGF1R gene might be related to growth disturbance; however, presence of the ring chromosome 15 itself could also be responsible for the growth delay.
“Lowe syndrome: A particularly severe phenotype without clinical kidney involvement”
Authors: Abdalla Ebtesam , El‐Beheiry Ahmed , Dieterich Klaus , Thevenon Julien , Fauré Julien , Rendu John
Published: December 2017

Lowe syndrome (LS) is a very rare disorder of phosphatidylinositol metabolism, which manifests with a complex phenotype comprising a clinical triad encompassing major abnormalities of the eyes, the kidneys, and the central nervous system. We are reporting a 23‐year‐old Egyptian male with a severe phenotype of LS with a minimal kidney disease. Direct sequencing of the OCRL gene detected a p.His375Arg mutation in the catalytic domain of the protein. The patient suffered from bilateral congenital cataracts and glaucoma, striking growth deficiency, severe psychomotor disability, a severe osteopathy, and seizures, but only minimal renal dysfunction. Although the biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of LS manifestations is yet unclear, it has been proposed that growth delay and osteopathy are linked to a renal dysfunction. This report, however, argues this association and suggests that kidney dysfunction may partially explain the growth deficiency and bone abnormalities, but other still undefined factors might have a potential impact.
Microwave‐Assisted [4+2] Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of 1,4‐Diethynyl Triptycene with Various Cyclopentadienone Derivatives: Promising Building Blocks for Polymer Networks
Authors: Alameddine Bassam , Baig Noorullah , Shetty Suchetha , Al‐Sagheer Fakhreia , Al‐Mousawi Saleh
Published: December 2017

Triptycene derivatives substituted at their 1,4‐ positions with tetraphenylbenzene and diphenyltriphenylene moieties were prepared by microwave‐assisted [4+2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions in very good yields. The target compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, UV/Vis and emission spectrophotometry. In addition, single crystal XRD spectra for two of these derivatives are presented. The tetra‐ and octabrominated triptycene compounds underwent palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions affording the desired products in very good yields. This successful tetra‐ and octa‐fold substitution paves the way for the employment of these building blocks to prepare polymer networks for various applications.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation of 1‐Alkenylboronates: Synthesis of 1‐Boryl‐2,3‐Disubstituted Cyclopropanes
Authors: Carreras Javier , Caballero Ana , Pérez Pedro J.
Published: December 2017

A novel, highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of 1‐boryl‐2,3‐disubstituted cyclopropanes has been developed by means of the cyclopropanation of alkenylboronates with ethyl diazoacetate in the presence of catalytic amounts of a chiral copper(I) complex. The products can also be directly accessed from alkynes through an operationally simple, sequential hydroboration–cyclopropanation protocol. The resulting enantioenriched 1‐boryl‐2,3‐disubstituted cyclopropanes are versatile synthetic intermediates that undergo further transformations at the carbon–boron bond.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Selective Functionalization of C(sp3)−H Bonds in Natural Products
Authors: Karimov Rashad R. , Hartwig John F.
Published: December 2017

Direct functionalization of natural products is important for studying the structure–activity and structure–property relationships of these molecules. Recent advances in the transition‐metal‐catalyzed functionalization of C(sp3)−H bonds, the most abundant yet inert bonds in natural products, have allowed natural product derivatives to be created selectively. Strategies to achieve such transformation are reviewed.
The first water‐soluble copper(I) complexes bearing sulfonated imidazole‐ and benzimidazole‐derived N‐heterocyclic carbenes: Synthesis and anticancer studies
Authors: Pellei Maura , Gandin Valentina , Marzano Cristina , Marinelli Marika , Del Bello Fabio , Santini Carlo
Published: December 2017

The first water‐soluble bis(NHCSO3)CuCl complexes (NHCSO3 = NaImBn,PrSO3, Na2(4‐Me)ImPrSO3 and Na2BzImPrSO3) derived from the sulfonated N‐heterocyclic carbene precursors HImBn,PrSO3 (3‐(1‐benzyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐3‐yl)propane‐1‐sulfonate), Na(4‐Me)HImPrSO3 (sodium 3,3′‐(4‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole‐3‐ium‐1,3‐diyl)dipropane‐1‐sulfonate) and NaHBzImPrSO3 (sodium 3,3′‐(1H‐benzoimidazole‐3‐ium‐1,3‐diyl)dipropane‐1‐sulfonate) have been synthesized. These compounds have been characterized using infrared and NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The in vitro anti‐tumour effects of the bis(NHCSO3)CuCl complexes and the corresponding free ligands were evaluated for a panel of various human tumour cell lines, including examples of lung, colon, ovarian and cervical carcinoma as well as of melanoma. Their cytotoxic properties were also evaluated against non‐transformed human cells and on a cellular model of cisplatin resistance. NHC–copper complexes induced cell killing effects preferentially against tumour cells, with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Additionally, they were found able to overcome acquired cisplatin resistance.
Highly selective aerobic oxidation of alkylarenes catalyzed by cobalt‐based nanocatalyst in aqueous solution
Authors: Albadi Jalal , Alihosseinzadeh Amir , Jalali Mehdi , Mansournezhad Azam
Published: December 2017

The catalytic aerobic oxidation of alkylarenes catalyzed by cobalt supported on a highly crystalline γ‐Al2O3 support (Co/Al2O3 nanocatalyst) is reported. The catalyst was prepared by a co‐precipitation method and characterized using scanning and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopies, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and surface area measurements. A wide range of alkylarenes were converted to corresponding ketones. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration is recyclable for up to six consecutive runs.