bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Rated Activity Levels and Longevity: Evidence from a 20 Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mullee Mark A. , Coleman Peter G. , Briggs Roger S. J. , Stevenson James E. , Turnbull Joanne C.
Published: July 2008

The study reports on factors predicting the longevity of 328 people over the age of 65 drawn from an English city and followed over 20 years. Both the reported activities score and the individual's comparative evaluation of their own level of activity independently reduced the risk of death, even when health and cognitive status were taken into account. The analysis has provided a strong test of the relevance of measures of reported activity and measures of self-perception to longevity. The study confirms the important predictive role of reported activity levels even when detailed health measures are taken into account. But in addition personal perception of one's own relative level of activity, and to a lesser extent subjective assessment of health, also predicted longevity.
Native and Non-Native Speakers in Online and Face-to-Face Discussions: Leveling the Playing Field
Authors: Hlas Anne Cummings , Schuh Kathy L. , Alessi Stephen M.
Published: July 2008

This study investigated the role of native language in the context of online versus face-to-face learning environments. Findings from a mixed-methods analysis revealed that native language was a factor in distinguishing among the learning opportunities in these two classes. Data for the online course were 10 archived asynchronous discussions on its threaded bulletin board. Data for the face-to-face course were verbatim transcripts of audio-taped recordings made during 10 of the 15 class sessions. Non-native speakers were more passive in the face-to-face classroom leaving the native speakers to assume leadership characteristics. In the online environments, non-native speakers and native speakers participated more equally in the discussion. Findings suggested that difficulties experienced by non-native speakers during impromptu face-to-face discussions may be alleviated given more opportunities and time for reflective articulation.
Recent Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Charles Jane M. , Carpenter Laura A. , Jenner Walter , Nicholas Joyce S.
Published: July 2008

Objective:

This review article provides an overview of the most recent developments in the literature regarding autism spectrum disorders including epidemiology, etiology, assessment, and management/treatment.

Method:

A review of the recent literature was conducted using Medline and the search term “Autism Spectrum Disorders.”

Results:

Autism Spectrum Disorders are more common than previously believed (1 in 166), and etiology appears to be multifaceted including both heritable and non-heritable factors. State of the art treatment includes comprehensive medical monitoring as well as behavioral intervention.

Conclusions:

Current and anticipated federal funding, policy changes, and large scale research projects provide promise for increasing knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorders.
The Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Form a (Das-A) in a Community Sample
Authors: Wong Daniel Fu Keung , Chan Kin Sun , Lau Ying
Published: July 2008

Objective:

This study investigated the reliability and validity of the DAS-A in a sample of 308 Chinese adults in Hong Kong.

Method:

The reliability of the DAS-A and its relevant sub-scales was measured using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and Guttman split-half reliability. Principal components analysis was performed to assess construct validity. Discriminant validity of the DAS-A was performed by examining whether the DAS-A could discriminate between the depressed and the non-depressed subjects in this study.

Results:

The split-half reliability of the DAS-A was found to be r = 0.87; Cronbach's alpha was 0.945; and item-total correlations ranged between 0.36 and 0.75. Factor analysis revealed three factors that were similar to those that were found in other studies: Performance Evaluation, Need for Approval, and Anaclitic Self-Esteem. Discriminant validity suggested that the DAS-A discriminated successfully between the non-depressed and the depressed groups. Nevertheless, some differences were noticed in the relative strength of the factors and in the distribution of the scale items into the three factors.

Conclusion:

It was hoped that with this type of cross-cultural information, the universality of the constructs of the DAS-A could be reliably demonstrated.
The Prevalence of Borderline Personality among Buprenorphine Patients
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , Whitecar Phillip , Wiederman Michael W.
Published: July 2008

Objective:

In this study, we examined the prevalence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a sample of patients seeking outpatient treatment with buprenorphine for opioid addiction.

Method:

To assess for BPD, we used three self-report surveys in a consecutive study sample.

Results:

Of the 111 participants who completed all three measures of BPD, 49 (44.1%) exceeded the cut-off score indicative of BPD.

Conclusions:

Among individuals who are addicted to opioids and seeking treatment with buprenorphine, the prevalence of BPD, as mutually confirmed by three self-report measures, is quite high.
Interactions of recombined mycelia of the fungus fomitopsis pinicola (Sow. Ex Fr) Karst. On PDA medium
Authors: Lazarev Vladimir
Published: July 2008

The interaction of cultures from the recombined mycelia of the fungus Fomitopsis pinicola (Sow. ex Fr) Karst. was studied on PDA medium. The cultures were isolated from different carpophores and from different segments of the same carpophore originating from a felled beech tree. The interactions show that recombined mycelia of this species can be divided into numerous incompatible physiological "races" or "pathotypes", distinguished also by morphological features of the mycelia.
Relationships of stay green trait in maize
Authors: Bekavac Goran , Stojakovic Milisav , Ivanovic Mile , Jockovic Djordje , Vasic Nenad , Purar Bozana , Bocanski Jan , Nastasic Aleksandra
Published: July 2008

Genetic variation for stay green character has been exploited in maize improvement mainly in the light of selecting high yielding rather then typical stay green genotypes. Stay green is an indicator of good plant health later in the season, reduced progressive senescence, tolerance to post-flowering drought and stalk lodging, what ensure superiority of stay green genotypes in comparison to non-stay green ones, especially in drought conditions. The objective of the study was to examine relationship of stay green trait with some vegetative characters in two genetically broad based maize populations. The most consistent correlations with stay green were established for leaf and stalk water content, which has been confirmed by path-coefficient analysis.
Genetic bases of the evolution of organisms
Authors: Marinkovic Dragoslav
Published: July 2008

Biological progress consists of the continuous increase of divergence with simultaneous maintenance and the increase of conformance (harmoniousness) of living systems. A mutual balance between divergence of forms and the degree of perfection of their structure and function indicates a level of the evolutionary development of a particular group of organisms, i.e. a level and prospects of their evolutionary progress. An enormous potential of combined genetic polymorphousness is reduced to adaptive landscapes of a limited number of developmental programmes that make actual units of inheritance and variability within each species.
Mechanisms of genotoxic effects of hormones
Authors: Djelic Ninoslav
Published: July 2008

A concept that compounds commonly present in biological systems lack genotoxic and mutagenic activities is generally in use, hence a low number of endogenous substances have ever been tested to mutagenicity. Epidemiological and experimental analyses indicated, however, that sexual steroids could contribute to initiation and/or continuation of malign diseases. Detailed studies using methods of biochemistry, molecular biology, cytogenetics and other branches, showed that not only epigenetic mechanisms, such as a stimulation of cell proliferation, but also certain hormones, that can express genotoxic effects, such as covalent DNA modification, then chromosomal lesions and chromosomal aberrations, are in the background of malign transformation under activities of hormones. In the case of oestrogens, it was shown that excessive hormonal stimulation led to a metabolic conversion of these hormones to reactive intermediates with formation of reactive oxygenic derivates, so that cells were virtually under conditions of oxidative stress. Individual and tissue susceptibility to occurrence of deterioration of DNA and other cell components generally results from the differences in efficiency of enzymic and non-enzymic mechanisms of resistance against oxidative stress. Besides, steroid thyeroid hormones and catecholamine (dopamine, noradrenaline/norepinephrine and adrenaline) can express genotoxic effects in some test-systems. It is interesting that all above mentioned hormones have a phenolic group. Data on possible genotoxic effects of peptide and protein hormones are very scarce, but based on the available literature it is considered that this group of hormones probably lacks mutagenic activities. The possibility that hormones, as endogenous substances, express mutagenic activities results from the fact that DNA is, regardless of chemical and metabolic stability susceptible, to a certain extent, to changeability compatible with the processes of the biological evolution.
Methods of field studies in botany
Authors: Tomovic Gordana , Mitrovic Verica , Stevanovic Branka
Published: July 2008

Different methods of collecting, preparation and preservation of plant collections are very important for botanical field studies. Processed and labeled plants are stored in herbaria in which they are conserved and then used for taxonomic, floristic and phytogeographical studies, and then as the evidence and display material. Besides, various analyses of plant communities and their habitats are used in botanical studies of the flora of our surroundings. Field and literature data, as well as, personal communications and oral presentations are very important sources of scientific information used in flora mapping of a certain region.
Genetic variance of sunflower yield components - Heliantus annuus L.
Authors: Hladni Nada , Skoric Dragan , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija
Published: July 2008

The main goals of sunflower breeding in Yugoslavia and abroad are increased seed yield and oil content per unit area and increased resistance to diseases, insects and stress conditions via an optimization of plant architecture. In order to determine the mode of inheritance, gene effects and correlations of total leaf number per plant, total leaf area and plant height, six genetically divergent inbred lines of sunflower were subjected to half diallel crosses. Significant differences in mean values of all the traits were found in the F1 and F2 generations. Additive gene effects were more important in the inheritance of total leaf number per plant and plant height, while in the case of total leaf area per plant the nonadditive ones were more important looking at all the combinations in the F1 and F2 generations. The average degree of dominance (Hi/D)1/2 was lower than one for total leaf number per plant and plant height, so the mode of inheritance was partial dominance, while with total leaf area the value was higher than one, indicating super dominance as the mode of inheritance. Significant positive correlation was found: between total leaf area per plant and total leaf number per plant (0.285*) and plant height (0.278*). The results of the study are of importance for further sunflower breeding work.
Diallel analysis for plant height in winter wheat
Authors: Ivanovska Sonja , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija , Stojkovski Cane
Published: July 2008

The mode of inheritance and gene effect for plant height of 7x7 half diallel crosses of wheat varieties and lines was evaluated in F1 and F2 generation. The mode of inheritance, calculated for each combination separately, was different and depended on the cross combination. The absence of interallelic interaction between the genes determining the expression of plant height was concluded from the regression analysis. The regression line intercepts the Wr axis below the origin in F1 indicating overdominance over an average of all arrays. In F2 the regression line cuts the Wr axis above the origin indicating partial dominance.
Mode of inheritance of head height and head width in cabbage - Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.
Authors: Cervenski Janko , Gvozdenovic Djuro , Vasic Mirjana , Bugarski Dusanka , Gvozdanovic-Varga Jelica
Published: July 2008

A diallel cross (including reciprocals), involving seven open-pollinated varieties having different head shape was made and 42 F1 hybrids were produced under greenhouse conditions and in the experimental field of Scientific Institute of field and vegetable crops in Novi Sad. The objective of this paper was to determine mean value, components of variability and mode of inheritance of two morphological characters of head shape, head width and head height. In our study superdominance occurred the most with head height (as many as 23 times) and the least with head width (16 times). The negative heterosis was not occurred in any combination as like as partial dominance of the poorer parent. The results showed significant divergence of the traits under study, which will also constitute an important source of variability for future cycles of selection in our Institute.
Variability of pomological characteristics of the Sumatovka apple
Authors: Miletic Rade , Zikic Mihajlo , Mitic Nevena , Nikolic Radomirka
Published: July 2008

Variability refers to a process by which differences occur among individuals of the same plant species. However, some characteristics change very little while others, especially quantative ones, change rather quickly and readily even when environmental conditions change slightly. This fact has prompted an investigation aimed to establish the variability of pomological characteristics of the Sumatovka cv. apple tree, a rather old and autochthonous cultivar grown widely throughout Eastern Serbia. Its special characteristic is an ability to grow and bear fruit without any particular care and cultivation, and in conditions of especially severe water deficiency and drought. Sumatovka cv. fruits are small- or medium-sized on the average, the length Measuring 51.3 ? 6.62 mm (CV 12.9%), width 55.5 ? 6.35 mm (CV 11.4%), pedicel lenght 19.5 ? 3.2 mm (CV 16.4%) and fruit mass 66.0 ?20.6 g (CV 31.3%). Total soluble dry matter content of the mesocarp varies between 15.6 and 1.92% (CV 12.31%), total sugars 14.3 ? 4.7% (CV 32.8%) and total sour substances 0.95 ? 0.11% (CV 18.6%). Especially examined were the large-sized Sumatovka fruits measuring 72.0 mm in lenght and width, and 169.4 g in mass.
Mode of inheritance and heritability of disc flower corolla length and nectar content in sunflower
Authors: Atlagic Jovanka , Joksimovic Jovan , Sakac Zvonimir , Miklic Vladimir , Dusanic Nenad
Published: July 2008

Since disc flower corolla length and nectar content are the two most important parameters of attractiveness to pollinators in sunflower and we monitored them in the parental lines F[ hybrids, we thought it would be interesting to determine the mode of inheritance and heritability of these two traits. The mean values of disc flower corolla length ranged between 7.23-10.22 mm. Differences among most of the genotypes were significant Year had significant influence on the expression of this trait. In the inheritance of the corolla length, partial dominance of the parent with the smaller corolla length (NS-H-702) was observed when determining mode of inheritance relative to the parents. Relative to the parental average however it was not possible to determine the mode of inheritance in any of tile hybrid combinations. The nectar content means ranged from 2.08 to 15.54 mg/20 flowers and differences among most of the genotypes were significant. Partial dominance of the parent with the smaller nectar content mean was recorded in the inheritance of this trait (NS-H-702): Negative heterosis was found in the hybrid NS-H-45.
Components of phenotypic variability for head diameter in sunflower - Helianthus annuus L.
Authors: Hladni Nada , Skoric Dragan , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija
Published: July 2008

Sunflower is the main crop species for the production of edible oil in many countries of the world, including ours. Plant height and head size, form and position on the stem as well as the number of leaves, their size, duration and distribution on the plant all play an important role in defining optimal plant architecture in sunflower hybrids (Skoric, 1975, 1989, 2002). In order to monitor the mode of inheritance and gene effects for head diameter in the F1 and F2 generations, half diallel crosses were made in six genetically divergent sunflower inbreds. The mean values of the trait in question differed significantly. The mode of inheritance of head diameter in the F1 generation was superdominance in all but four crosses, which had dominance instead. In the F2 generation, on the other hand, the prevailing mode was dominance, while superdominance was recorded in four cases. The dominant component accounted for the bulk of genetic variance, and the mode of inheritance of head diameter taking into account both the F1 and F2 generations was superdominance. These findings may prove valuable for developing high-yielding sunflower genotypes.
Photosynthetic properties of erect leaf maize inbred lines as the efficient photo-model in breeding and seed production
Authors: Radenovic Cedomir , Babic Milosav , Delic Nenad , Hojka Zdravko , Stankovic Goran , Trifunovic Borivoje , Ristanovic Dusan , Selakovic Dragojlo
Published: July 2008

The initial idea of this study was a hypothesis that erect leaf maize inbred lines were characterized by properties of an efficient photo-model and that as such were very desirable in increasing the number of plants per area unit (plant density) in the process of contemporary selection and seed production. The application of a non-invasive bioluminescence-photosynthetic method, suitable for the efficiency estimation of the photo-model, verified the hypothesis. Obtained photosynthetic properties of observed erect leaf maize inbred lines were based on the effects and characteristics of thermal processes of delayed chlorophyll fluorescence occurring in their thylakoid membranes. The temperature dependence of the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence intensity phase transitions (critical temperatures) in the thylakoid membranes and activation energy are the principal parameters of the thermal processes. Based on obtained photosynthetic properties it is possible to select erect leaf maize inbred lines that are resistant and tolerant to high and very high temperatures, as well as, to drought. They could be good and efficient photo-models wherewith.
Ontogenetically-regulated male sterility in tissue culture - induced and spontaneous sorghum mutants
Authors: Elkonin L.A. , Belyaeva E.V.
Published: July 2008

Variability of male fertility expression in the AS-1 line, a somaclonal variant obtained from tissue culture of CMS-plant, and in the progeny of revenant '124-1' obtained from fertile tiller, which developed on CMS-plant transferred from the field to the greenhouse, was investigated. Both revertants were characterized by similar expression of male fertility during plant ontogenesis: the panicle on the main tiller was almost completely sterile whereas formation of fertile pollen grains and seed set were observed on the panicles of the shoot tillers. A clear basipetal gradient of male fertility was manifested on all panicles: the base had significantly higher per cent of fertile pollen grains in comparison with the middle part, while in the top the anthers were either absent or had few sterile pollen grains. Such an ontogenetically-regulated restoration of male fertility was controlled by nuclear genes and could be transferred through the pollen in crosses with progenitor CMS-line. Growing of AS-1 plants in the growth chambers simultaneously under a long (16/8) and a short (12/12) daylength conditions demonstrated that differences of fertility level in different tillers was not caused by change of photoperiod during plant ontogenesis and functioning of photoperiod-sensitive fertility restoring gene. Whereas, the ontogenetically-regulated expression of male fertility in both revenants was temperature-dependent and was clearly manifested under relatively cool conditions during 2-week period before the beginning of anthesis of the first panicle (average daily temperature 21?C). The increase of the average daily temperature by 2-3 ? resulted in sharp increase of male fertility level. Possibility of using AS-1 line in a new "two-line system" of hybrid seed production, which require only two lines (sterile mutant and fertility restorer), is discussed.
Biological and pomological characteristics of superior walnut selections
Authors: Miletic Rade , Zikic Mihajlo , Mitic Nevena , Nikolic Radomirka
Published: July 2008

As late spring frosts are a limiting factor to successful growth of walnuts attention was focused on walnut selection in years when late spring frosts occur after bud swelling. This particularly referred to the years of 1998 and 2002, and, partly 2001. In those years, 32 walnut trees were found to produce satisfactory yield in regions severely affected by string spring frosts and were subjected to careful observation in the following years. Of that number, 11 trees were found exceptional. They were characterized by luxuriance, vigour, satisfactory resistance to walnut antracnose, and yielding capacity. Fruits had good quality and favorable characteristics of the shell (smooth, thin, light-colored, easily separable) and kernel (relatively smooth, light-colored, tasty). Fruit mass measured 18.0-9.3 g kernel mass 8.6-4.1 g, and kernel content 55.0-47.0%. The kernel contained 67.0-61.1% oil, 19.3-14.5% crude proteins and 2.65-2.12% mineral matter. All investigated selections had been grafted. They were grown in identical conditions, in collection, and the ones found best for commercial growth were selected.
Phenotypic and genotypic variability of disc flower corolla length and nectar content in sunflower
Authors: Joksimovic Jovan , Atlagic Jovanka , Sakac Zvonimir , Miklic Vladimir , Dusanic Nenad
Published: July 2008

The nectar content and disc flower corolla length are the two most important parameters of attractiveness to pollinators in sunflower. The phenotypic and genotypic variability of these two traits was studied in four commercially important hybrids and their parental components in a trial with three fertilizer doses over two years. The results showed that, looking at individual genotypes, the variability of disc flower corolla length was affected the most by year (85.38-97.46%). As the study years were extremely different, the phenotypic variance of the hybrids and parental components was calculated for each year separately. In such conditions, looking at all of the crossing combinations, the largest contribution to phenotypic variance of the corolla length was that of genotype: 57.27-61.11% (NS-H-45) 64.51-84.84% (Velja); 96.74-97.20% (NS-H-702) and 13.92-73.17% (NS-H-111). A similar situation was observed for the phenotypic variability of nectar content, where genotype also had the largest influence, namely 39.77-48.25% in NS-H-45; 39.06-42.51% in Velja; 31.97-72.36% in NS-H-702; and 62.13-94.96% in NS-H-111.
Genetic and phenotypic variability of cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh) pomological characteristics
Authors: Colic Slavica , Zec Gordan , Marinkovic Dejan , Jankovic Zoran
Published: July 2008

Cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh) is one of the most widely spread fruit species in our country. The fruits are mostly used for brandy production and the seed is used for rootstock production in fruit culture. As cherry plum is resistant to plant diseases and pests, chemical protection is not required. Concerning that, cherry plum is reach and cheap source for the production of healthy food. The objective of this research was the analysis of genetic and phenotypic variability, as well as study on correlation of pomological traits of 49 cherry plum genotypes selected from the native population in Serbia. It was measured mat the highest genetic variance in total phenotypic variance was for the fruit height and total sugar content. The lowest genetic variance in total phenotypic variance was for the length of the stalk and dry matter content. The highest genetic variance coefficient (CVg = 22.93%) was calculated for the total acid content although the lowest value of genetic and phenotypic variance was for the fruit width (CVg = 0.69%; CVf = 0.80%). The highest coefficient of phenotypic and genetic correlation was calculated between the weight and height of the fruit. Native population of cherry plum in Serbia and Montenegro is specific because of the extensive variability of the forms which is highly important for the selection of raw material in breeding process.
Improvement of sunflower for consumption
Authors: Dijanovic Dijana , Stankovic Vesna , Mihajlovic Ivan
Published: July 2008

Growing sunflower (Heliianthus annuus L) for consumption is becoming more and more attractive in the whole world and in our country, as well. The consumption of this product has been considerably increased because it is being used more and more in various forms: sunflower seed in a hull, hulled kernels fried or non-fried, salted or non-salted with addition of various spices. The sunflower kernel is used for preparing over 100 different food products: special types of bread, cakes, ice-cream, chocolate. In accordance with the trade demands, the aims of sunflower seeds for consumption improvement are: high productivity, greater content of proteins, lesser content of oil, oncreased mass of 1000 seeds, lesser portion of the hull easy nibbling, as well as tolerance to dominant diseases in the growing region. In the Agricultural and Technological Research Center in Zajecar, 4 genotypes of protein sunflower (two cultivars and two hybrids) have been created so far. This study shows the results achieved in increasing the content of protein, the mass of 1000 seeds, decreasing the content of oil and hull of the new 90 hybrid combination. The hybrid combinations were obtained by crossing of the CMS and restorer lines.
Correlative connection between characteristics of mother line and hybrid seed ft generation of maize hybrid ZPTC196
Authors: Milenkovic Jasmina , Stanisavljevic R. , Sabovljevic Radovan , Stojanovic Ivana
Published: July 2008

Production of the maize hybrid seed (Zea mays L) in the area of the town of Zajecar and its surroundings is limited by the ecological conditions. The loss of precipitations and high air temperatures during summer do not allow the hybrid seed of later vegetation to be produced. However, reduced amount of precipitations in the period of time from August to September, with favorable heat conditions, provide mature and healthy seed material only if the mother line has shorter vegetation period (FAO 200-300). This study examines the influence of the cob corn characteristics (cob length, number of seeds on a cob, mass of the seeds on a cob, number of the seeds in a fraction and germination of natural seed material of the maize hybrid ZPTC 196, seed. The applied correlative analysis involved all experimental conditions (two years, plant rows of the mother line, with watering and without watering). The results of the investigation showed mat the applied approach of correlative analysis for the fractional content of a cob corn (number and mass per fractions) almost owerwhelming, as far as the seed germination, is concerned, it was probable that all factors having influence on that characteristic were not included.
Backcrosses in interspecific hybridization in sunflower
Authors: Atlagic Jovanka , Pankovic Dejana , Pekanovic Ana
Published: July 2008

When incorporating desirable traits (resistance to causal agents of various diseases) from the wild relatives into the cultivated sunflower, some undesirable ones are introduced too (branching, small head diameter, low oil content, etc). To overcome this problem, backcrosses (F1 interspecific hybrids x cultivated sunflower) are used, although very often desirable traits are lost in the process. Cytological analysis (meiosis and pollen viability) and molecular markers (RAPD) were used to estimate what portion of the parental species genome was present in (be interspecific hybrids of the F1 and BC1F1 generations. The results showed that the percentage of irregularities at meiosis increased from F1 to BC1F1 gen. They also indicated the presence of aneuploids and sterility in the cross between the hexaploid species H.rigidus and cultivated sunflower. The genetic distance between the parents was 83%, that between H.rigidus and the F1 hybrid 54 61%, and that between H.annuus and F1 hybrid 70-76%. In the BC1F1 generation, the genetic distance from Hannuus decreased to 58-66% and that from H.rigidus increased to 69-76%.
Genetic variability components of some quantitative traits of winter oilseed rape - Brassica napus L.
Authors: Marinkovic Radovan , Marjanovic-Jeromela Ana , Vasic Dragana
Published: July 2008

Analysis of genetic variance components for number of leaves and branches per plant and stem diameter was done according to the method of HAYMAN (1954). Heritability in narrow (h2a) and broad (h2b) sense was determined for the same traits, using the method of Mather and Jinks (1971). Non-additive component of genetic variance was greater than additive component in all three studied traits. Dominant and recessive genes were not equally distributed in parent genotypes, with dominant genes prevailing. Ratio (H1/D)1/2 was higher than 1 in all three tested traits. Calculated values for heritability in narrow sense showed that stem diameter and number of branches per plant are traits with low heritability, and number of leaves per plant a trait with the high heritability. Heritability in a broad sense Was high for all three tested traits.
Genetic correlations and path-coefficient analysis of yield and quality components in wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Zecevic Veselinka , Knezevic Desimir , Micanovic Danica
Published: July 2008

The genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield components (productive tillering, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, grain weight per plant, harvest index, thousand grain weight) and quality components (grain protein content and sedimentation value) were investigated. The plant material was comprised of 50 genotypes of winter wheat grown during two years. Path- coefficient analysis of genetic correlation coefficients for grain mass/plant and other traits determined interrelationships among grain mass per plant and other yield and bread making quality components. The strongest positive genetic correlation was found between grain weight per spike and thousand grain weight and between spike length and number of spikelets per spike. Phenotypic correlation analysis indicated that grain weight per spike correlated positively and significantly with harvest index and thousand kernel weight. The strongest direct effect on grain weight per plant had harvest index and number of spikelets per spike. The spike length through number of spikelets per spike had the strongest indirect effect on grain weight per plant.
Genetic analysis for grain weight per spike and harvest index in macaroni wheat
Authors: Gorjanovic Biljana , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija
Published: July 2008

Using the line x tester analysis (Sing and Choudhary, 1979), we studied the combining ability, gene effects and mode of inheritance of grain weight per spike and harvest index, using 5 females, 3 testers and 15 hybrids of durum wheat. The results of the study show that non-additive genes play the more important role than additive in the inheritance of grain weight per spike and harvest index. The mode of inheritance of characters under study depended on the cross combination and the year of growing. In most cases the mode of inheritance was dominant. The estimates of general combining ability (GCA) pointed out that none of the genotypes in the first year of research had the significant GCA for grain weight per spike, while in the second year the best combiner was Kunduru. For the harvest index the best general combiner, in the first year, was Monodur, while in the second year the best combiner was Mexicali 75. In majority of the cases positive specific combining ability (SCA) effect were usually associated with crosses of two genetically divergent parents having at least one parent as a good general combiner.
Correlation of yield and yield components for afila and normal leave pea, Pissum sativum L.
Authors: Djordjevic Radisa , Zdravkovic Jasmina , Zecevic Bogoljub , Cvikic Dejan , Ivanovic Miroslav
Published: July 2008

In order to research the correlation of yield and yield components of Afila and normal leaf Pea, we conducted a three years research (1993 - 1995). We have researched a correlative junction of yield and yield components (number of pods, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant and the absolute grain weight) of 8 Afila lines and 4 parent varieties. The results showed that the yield and yield components are highly related r - 0.82 - 0.95, while the absolute weight is not related to the yield r - 0, 19 and due to that it does not represent the yield component. The determined correlative values for all researched genotypes and parents were the same as previously researched by other authors, which leads us to the conclusion that the absence of leaves does not directly impact the change of correlative values.
Identification of donor lines for improving fruit yield of k 35 x k 12 eggplant hybrid
Authors: Damnjanovic Jelena , Vracarevic Maja , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana , Prodanovic Slaven
Published: July 2008

The aim of this study was to identify an eggplant donor line which possess the largest frequency of favourable alleles that control fruit yield. Such donor line should be used to improve the elite eggplant hybride K35 x K12. The fruit yield of the elite hybrid, its parents and their hybrids with three potential donor lines (K36/1, K11 and K22/2) was examined in a diallel set by means of field trials. The trials were set in a randomized block design in three replications. After the fruit yield had been measured, the modified method of evaluation of relative loci value according to Dudley (1987) was applied. Ali inbred lines expressed positive values of the ?G' parameter. The K11 inbred had the largest ?G' value (2.38) and, also, the lowest frequency of unfavourable alleles on the loci class D (1.33). It was established that the K11 inbred line was more related to the K35 parental inbred line (7.81). Consequently, on the basis of the ?D' values, improvement should be obtained by backcrossing the elite hybrid K35 x K11 to the donor inbred K11.
Biotechnology in maize breeding
Authors: Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Ignjatovic-Micic Dragana , Eric Iva , Andjelkovic Violeta , Jelovac Drazen , Konstantinov Kosana
Published: July 2008

Maize is one of the most important economic crops and the best studied and most tractable genetic system among monocots. The development of biotechnology has led to a great increase in our knowledge of maize genetics and understanding of the structure and behaviour of maize genomes. Conventional breeding practices can now be complemented by a number of new and powerful techniques. Some of these often referred to as molecular methods, enable scientists to see the layout of the entire genome of any organism and to select plants with preferred characteristics by "reading" at the molecular level, saving precious time and resources. DNA markers have provided valuable tools in various analyses ranging from phylogenetic analysis to the positional cloning of genes. Application of molecular markers for genetic studies of maize include: assessment of genetic variability and characterization of germ plasm, identification and fingerprinting of genotypes, estimation of genetic distance, detection of monogamic and quantitative trait loci, marker assisted selection, identification of sequence of useful candidate genes, etc. The development of high-density molecular maps which has been facilitated by PCR-based markers, have made the mapping and tagging of almost any trait possible and serve as bases for marker assisted selection. Sequencing of maize genomes would help to elucidate gene function, gene regulation and their expression. Modern biotechnology also includes an array of tools for introducing or deieting a particular gene or genes to produce plants with novel traits. Development of informatics and biotechnology are resulted in bioinformatic as well as in expansion of microarrey technique. Modern biotechnologies could complement and improve the efficiency of traditional selection and breeding techniques to enhance agricultural productivity.
Application possibilities of AFLP fingerprinting technique in maize DNA profiling and plant variety protection
Authors: Galovic Vladislava , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Jelovac Drazen , Navalusic Julijana
Published: July 2008

As a contribution to DUS testing within the system of protection of plant breeders' rights (PBR), the AFLP molecular system has been used in this study to produce DNA fingerprinting profiles. DNA polymorphism and genetic distance of nine agronomicaly important maize genotypes has been investigated using the AFLP technique. Two specific adapters, two preselective primers and twenty selective primers were utilized for DNA amplification. The selective primers were GC rich, each having a 3-mer selective sequence at 3' termini. Ten double stranded primer combinations were made out of the twenty primers but only five of them turned out to be reliable. Out of 253 amplified DNA fragments, 177 were polymorphic (70%). The CGA/GAG (B) primer combination has proved to be the most polymorphic (44 polymorphic fragments have been recorded) revealing the polymorphism rate of 81.5%. Genotypes g1 and g7 were most distinct (GD=55% and GD=79%, respectively) and genotypes g1. g4 and g8 were closest (GD=55% in all cases). The paper discusses possible uses of AFLP DNA profiling technique to achieve a unique fingerprinting pattern of agronomicaly important maize genotypes.
Genetic and phenotypic variability of yield components in wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Zecevic Veselinka , Knezevic Desimir , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija , Micanovic Danica
Published: July 2008

The heritability, phenotypic variability and components of variance for spike length and number of spikelets per spike have been studied in 50 cultivars from different selection centers all over the world. The experiment was performed in randomized block design in three replications on the experimental field in two years. A total number of 60 plants have been analyzed in the full maturity stage. Average estimated values of spike length and number of spikelets per spike differed significantly among years and among cultivars. The highest average value of spike length had Mironovskaya 808 cultivar (V =14.5 cm), and the lowest value was found in Etoille de Choisy (J=8.1 cm) and San Pastore cultivar (V =8.2). During investigated periods the highest average value for number of spikelets/spike had Sava cultivar (V=28.2), and the lowest value expressed Frontana cultivar (V =19.2). The average variation coefficient for spike length was 8.0%, and for number of spikelets per spike was 7.5%. The lowest variability for spike length was established in Pernel cultivar (V=4.8%) and the highest in Lepenica cultivar (V=12.9%). The coefficient of variation for number of spikelets per spike ranged from 4.7% in Bankut 1205 to 12.4% in Norin 10 cultivar. The obtained heritability values in broad sense were fairly high for spike length (96.4%) and number of spikelets per spike (79.1%). Phenotypic analysis of variance indicated that genetic variance took a larger portion of the total phenotypic variability for spike length (81.82%) and for number of spikelets per spike (57.36%) than influence of environmental factors on expressing of analyzed yield components.
Inheritance of in vitro response in wheat
Authors: Mitic Nevena , Nikolic Radomirka
Published: July 2008

The inheritance of in vitro culture response was studied by using immature embryos from five wheat cultivars and their reciprocal hybrids. In vitro culture response was evaluated according to callus formation, percentage of regenerative calli and the number of plants per embryo. By crossing the cultivar Vesna (VS) with highest tissue culture response and the two cultivars with lowest response Leda (LD) and Zajecarska 65 (ZA), it was demonstrated that the regeneration potential was heritable. VS as female parent, enhanced regeneration response in hybrids VSxLD and VSxZA, while as a male parent, VS did not affect the regeneration ability of hybrids LD and ZA. However, hybrids having LD and ZA as a male parents exhibited a decreased regeneration potential, as compared to self-pollinated VS. The results suggest the presence of a class of extra-nuclear factors in the VS cultivar. They significantly account for relatively higher regeneration capacity in the hybrids having this cultivar as a female parent than in those where the VS was male parent.
Senescence of rin, rin/rin, rin/+ and +/+ tomato fruits
Authors: Zdravkovic Jasmina , Markovic Zivoslav , Stankovic Ljiljana , Zdravkovic Milan , Damjanovic Milan
Published: July 2008

Ripening inhibitor (rin) gene is a spontaneous recessive mutant which changes fruit ripening aspects (most important synthesis of carotene, especially lycopene). It also delays fruit senescence. Tomato is a vegetable crop with specific maturing climax (pik). Tomato genotypes homozygote for rin gene does not have this maturing climax, so the ethyl-ene production and red, lycopene colour does not appear. In order to research the maturing process material from the final tomato selection cycle we used: pure line S-49 (genetic constitution u/u, with uniform ripening), line hom 4 (rin/rin, homozygote with ripening inhibitor) and hybrid combination 449 Fl (u/rin, heterozygote for ripening inhibitor). Fruits with uniform ripening and hybrids ripened simultaneously, while homozygote with rin gene did not ripe at all. Ethylene stimulates the appearance of yellow colour in rin fruits and the lycopene production. After treatment with ETEPHONE (0.1%) (Ethylene) fruits with uniform ripening, senescence more quickly, while hybrids senescence slowly. Rin homozygotes did not change colors, but the fruits senescence more quickly comparing to control. Ethylene treatment speeded the maturing and senescence process in tomato fruits. Extended maturing process as a result influence of rin gene, makes the new created hybrids a late maturing ones. On the other hand, the firmness of fruits is improved as well as the "shelf life", which enables longer transportation and storing, coordinated maturing according to market demands. The aim was to research the maturing according to market demands. The aim was to research the maturing process of rin heteroyzgote, and the reaction of some genotypes to treatment with RT-REL (Ethzlene) in order to decrease extremely late maturing.
Observed duration and average and maximum grain filling rates in wheat genotypes of different earliness
Authors: Brdar Milka , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija , Kobiljski Borislav
Published: July 2008

Grain yields of wheat (Triticum aestivitm L) are influenced partly by final grain dry weight, which is largely determined by the rate and duration of the grain filling process. A study was undertaken to compare the observed final grain dry weight of five groups of wheat genotypes differing in earliness (extra early, medium early, medium late, late and a control group of high yielding NS cultivars) with the observed duration and average and maximum rates of grain filling in two different environments. Correlation coefficients were used to determine which grain filling parameter had more influence on final grain dry weight, in an environment common for our country (2002), final grain dry weight was strongly positively correlated with the average and maximum rates and strongly negatively correlated with the duration of grain filling. The medium late and control groups had the highest final grain dry weights. Correlations between final grain dry weight and the duration and average rate of grain filling were positive in an unfavorable environment (2001). The NS cultivars and extra early genotypes had the highest final grain dry-weights. The rate and duration of grain filling are usually negatively correlated. The influence of grain filling parameters on final grain dry weight is not the same in different environments, so the ability of the genotype to compensate for the low grain filling rate with grain fill prolongation in unfavorable environments might be more important. The observed average grain filling rate is probably more important as a parameter for describing these processes than the maximum one.
Variability of dry substance accumulation and utilization parameters of Winter wheat plant
Authors: Stojkovic Slavisa , Deletic Nebojsa , Biberdzic Milan , Stojanovic Jovanka
Published: July 2008

Some dry substance accumulation and utilization parameters of wheat plant and their influence on grain yield have been studied through a field trial with 20 winter wheat cultivars. The studied parameters value (biological yield dry substance reutilization, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain mass plant height, etc) varried depending of genotypic specificity and environmental conditions. Grain yield was influenced not only by the total dry substance accumulation in plant (i.e. biological yield), but also by this accumulation amount before and after flowering. Yield forming was affected by many parameters, and cultivar range was different for various parameters. The best grain yield was observed in cultivars having elevated values of more than few parameters. The highest mean grain yield was observed in cultivar Tina, and also high grain yield values were found in cultivars Gruza Nevesinjka, and Toplica.
Assessment of heterotic effect in serbian spruce hybrid combinations
Authors: Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana , Isajev Vasilije
Published: July 2008

The occurrence and magnitude of heterotic effect was determined among hybrid combinations and parent individuals obtained by open pollination in Serbian spruce seedling seed orchard at Godovik. The heterotic effect was analysed for cone length and width and the average number of seeds per cone. The study results show the different heterotic effect, both for the same trait in different hybrid combinations and for different traits of the same hybrid.
Effect of endosperm mutants on maize seed germination
Authors: Pajic Zorica , Djukanovic Lana , Eric Uros
Published: July 2008

The expression of genetic potential of yielding and quality of a certain genotype depends among other factors on seed quality. Seed is very important not only for the reproduction of the particular plant species, but also, for the contemporary plant production. Each part of maize seed (pericarp endosperm and germ) has a specific function in the complex process of germination and emergence. The following three genotypes of different endosperm types were observed: ZPSC 42A (standard grain quality dent hybrid) ZPSC 504 su (sweet maize hybrid with a sugary gene) and ZPSyn.II sh2 (synthetic population with a shranken2 gene). Seed viability of the stated genotypes was determined by the accepted ISTA methods: standard method accelerating age and cold test. Obtained results point out to differences in the germination capacity of the observed genotypes. The greatest reduction of the germination capacity and the emergence rate was expressed by the application of the accelerating ageing method. Appeared differences are probably a result of the endosperm texture (type), grain weight, sugar content and pericarp thickens and composition.