bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Cure Monitoring of Unsaturated Polyester Resin from Ultra-Violet Curing
Authors: Hussein Mahmoud A , Tay G. S. , Rozman H. D.
Published: November 2012

Real time Fourier transform infrared (RTFT-IR) spectroscopy reveals the influence of the nature of the photoinitiator on the kinetics for the polymerization reaction. Real time cure monitoring was used to determine the polymerization rate of ultra-violet cured unsaturated polyester resins (UPR1:2-1:5) based on palm oil and containing styrene as a cross-linking agent in the presence of IRGACURE 184 photoinitiator. Firstly, variable types of UPR1:2-1:5 were prepared using various ratios of monoglyceride (MG) monomer to maleic anhydride which used as a source of double bond using polycondensation technique. RTFT-IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the ultra-violet curing kinetics for all the systems. This technique offered a powerful approach for monitoring changes in the chemical properties of the system during the ultra-violet curing. Pseudo first order kinetics for all UPR1:2-1:5 curable systems were determined and the rate constant values and regression coefficients were calculated. Furthermore, the thermal behaviour and morphological features for the photo-fabricated UPR1:2-1:5 systems were examined. The thermal analyses for the cured films were evaluated by TGA, DTG and DSC in nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min. All the formulations showed similar degradation pattern at 40 % and 50 % weight losses (Td = 40% and Td =50% respectively) except polymer UPR1:5 which had somewhat lower degree in the same range. In addition, the morphological properties for photo-fabricated UPR1:2,1:3,1:5 were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy.
Even Better
Authors: Henderson Lydia
Published: June 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, a physical medicine and rehabilitation resident’s understanding of and empathy for patients reaches new heights following her diagnosis of and treatment for breast cancer during residency.
Inequities Associated With Advanced Stage at Presentation of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ioerger Patrick , Mills Kale , Wagoner Sarah F. , Lawrence Amelia , Alapati Rahul , Nallani Rohit , Hamill Chelsea S. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Sykes Kevin J.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Social determinants of health (SDoH) are defined by a wide range of factors (eg, built environment, economic stability, education level, discrimination, racism, access to health care). Advanced stage at presentation or delayed diagnosis heavily influences health outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). While the drivers of advanced-stage presentation come from a multitude of sources, SDoH plays an outsized role.

Objective

To systematically review the published literature to identify which SDoH are established as risk factors for delayed diagnosis or advanced stage at presentation among patients with HNC.

Evidence Review

In this systematic review, a literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted on February 27, 2023, using keywords related to advanced stage at presentation and delayed diagnosis of HNC between 2013 and 2023. Quality assessment was evaluated through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Articles were included if they focused on US-based populations and factors associated with advanced stage at presentation or delayed diagnosis of HNC.

Findings

Overall, 50 articles were included for full-text extraction, of which 30 (60%) were database studies. Race was the most commonly reported variable (46 studies [92%]), with Black race (43 studies [93%]) being the most studied racial group showing an increased risk of delay in diagnosis of HNC. Other commonly studied variables that were associated with advanced stage at presentation included sex and gender (41 studies [82%]), insurance status (25 studies [50%]), geographic region (5 studies [10%]), and socioeconomic status (20 studies [40%]). Male sex, lack of insurance, rurality, and low socioeconomic status were all identified as risk factors for advanced stage at presentation.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review provides a comprehensive list of factors that were associated with advanced HNC stage at presentation. Future studies should focus on evaluating interventions aimed at addressing the SDoH in communities experiencing disparities to provide a net positive effect on HNC care.
Structure‐based computational design of antibody mimetics: challenges and perspectives
Authors: Chaves Elton J. F. , Coêlho Danilo F. , Cruz Carlos H. B. , Moreira Emerson G. , Simões Júlio C. M. , Nascimento‐Filho Manassés J. , Lins Roberto D.
Published: June 2024

The design of antibody mimetics holds great promise for revolutionizing therapeutic interventions by offering alternatives to conventional antibody therapies. Structure‐based computational approaches have emerged as indispensable tools in the rational design of those molecules, enabling the precise manipulation of their structural and functional properties. This review covers the main classes of designed antigen‐binding motifs, as well as alternative strategies to develop tailored ones. We discuss the intricacies of different computational protein–protein interaction design strategies, showcased by selected successful cases in the literature. Subsequently, we explore the latest advancements in the computational techniques including the integration of machine and deep learning methodologies into the design framework, which has led to an augmented design pipeline. Finally, we verse onto the current challenges that stand in the way between high‐throughput computer design of antibody mimetics and experimental realization, offering a forward‐looking perspective into the field and the promises it holds to biotechnology.
Comparing DAPSA, DAPSA28, and DAS28‐CRP in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Initiating a First Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Across Nine European Countries
Authors: Linde Louise , Georgiadis Stylianos , Ørnbjerg Lykke M. , Rasmussen Simon H. , Michelsen Brigitte , Askling Johan , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Wallman Johan K. , Závada Jakub , Pavelka Karel , Bernardes Miguel , Matos Carolina O. , Glintborg Bente , Loft Anne Gitte , Nordström Dan , Kuusalo Laura , Möller Burkhard , Nissen Michael J. , Codreanu Catalin , Mogosan Corina , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Love Thorvardur Jon , Akleylek Cansu , Iannone Florenzo , Kvien Tore K. , Rotar Ziga , Castrejon Isabel , Macfarlane Gary J. , Hetland Merete L. , Østergaard Mikkel
Published: June 2024

Objective

Because 66/68 joint counts are not always performed in routine care, we aimed to determine which of the modified 28‐joint disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA28) or 28‐joint disease activity score with C‐reactive protein (DAS28‐CRP) should be preferred for monitoring disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) when the original DAPSA (66/68 joints) is not available.

Methods

Prospectively collected real‐world data of European bionaive patients with PsA initiating a first tumor necrosis factor inhibitor were pooled. Remission and response status were evaluated at 6 months by remission (DAPSA ≤ 4, DAPSA28 ≤ 4, and DAS28‐CRP < 2.6), response (75% improvement for DAPSA and DAPSA28), and combined EULAR good/moderate responses for DAS28‐CRP. Logistic regression analyses on multiple imputed data were used to identify baseline predictors.

Results

Remission and response cohorts included 3,159 and 1,866 patients, respectively. The 6‐month proportions achieving remission/response were DAPSA (27%/44%), DAPSA28 (28%/44%), and DAS28‐CRP (59%/80%). Of 14 possible baseline predictors, 11 predicted both DAPSA and DAPSA28 remission (8 of which also predicted their response, indicated by “*”): longer disease duration*, male sex*, and higher CRP* were positive, whereas older age*, higher body mass index*, patient fatigue*, and global, physician global, health assessment questionnaire score*, and tender and swollen* joint counts were negative predictors. Eight and five of these predicted DAS28‐CRP remission and response, respectively.

Conclusion

In patients with PsA, DAPSA28 should be preferred over DAS28‐CRP as a substitute for DAPSA when 66/68 joint counts are not available because of the large overlap in remission and response status and in predictors between DAPSA and DAPSA28.
Minimal Detectable Changes of the Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index, Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System‐29 Profile Version 2.0 Domains, and Patient Health Questionnaire‐8 in People With Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Alkan Afra , Carrier Marie‐Eve , Henry Richard S. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Bartlett Susan J. , Gietzen Amy , Gottesman Karen , Guillot Geneviève , Lawrie‐Jones Amanda , Hudson Marie , Hummers Laura K. , Malcarne Vanessa L. , Mayes Maureen D. , Mouthon Luc , Richard Michelle , Wojeck Robyn K. , Worron‐Sauvé Maureen , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett D. ,   the Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Investigators
Published: June 2024

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disorder associated with disability, diminished physical function, fatigue, pain, and mental health concerns. We assessed minimal detectable changes (MDCs) of the Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index (HAQ‐DI), Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System‐29 Profile version 2.0 (PROMIS‐29v2.0) domains, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐8 in people with SSc.

Methods

Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort participants completed the HAQ‐DI, PROMIS‐29v2.0 domains, and PHQ‐8 at baseline assessments from April 2014 until August 2023. We estimated MDC95 (smallest change that can be detected with 95% certainty) and MDC90 (smallest change that can be detected with 90% certainty) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) generated via the percentile bootstrapping method resampling 1,000 times. We compared MDC estimates by age, sex, and SSc subtype.

Results

A total of 2,571 participants were included. Most were female (n = 2,241; 87%), and 38% (n = 976) had diffuse SSc. Mean (±SD) age was 54.9 (±12.7) years and duration since onset of first non‐Raynaud phenomenon symptom was 10.8 (±8.7) years. MDC95 estimate was 0.41 points (95% CI 0.40–0.42) for the HAQ‐DI, between 4.88 points (95% CI 4.72–5.05) and 9.02 points (95% CI 8.80–9.23) for the seven PROMIS‐29v2.0 domains, and 5.16 points (95% CI 5.06–5.26) for the PHQ‐8. MDC95 estimates were not materially different across subgroups.

Conclusion

MDC95 and MDC90 estimates were precise and similar across age, sex, and SSc subtype groups. HAQ‐DI MDC95 and MDC90 were substantially larger than previous estimates of HAQ‐DI minimal important difference from several small studies. Minimally important differences of all measures should be evaluated in large studies using anchor‐based methods.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Polyphenol‐Cysteine Nanoparticles Regulating AMPK‐Mediated Mitochondrial Homeostasis for Enhanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yu Shufan , Du Jing , Zhang Qun , Li Zhao , Ge Shaohua , Ma Baojin
Published: June 2024

Mitochondria are the energy source for basal cell functions as well as for tissue repair and regeneration. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by bone tissue injury can cause cell oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, negatively affecting osteogenic differentiation and tissue repair. However, efficient scavenging of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis remain challenging. In this study, mitochondria‐targeted polyphenol/amino acid assembled nanoparticles (denoted as EC NPs) are constructed, which can achieve efficient intracellular ROS scavenging, especially for mtROS, recover the mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhance the inherent antioxidant system by increasing the antioxidase activity and GSH levels, following the re‐establishment of redox homeostasis. The EC NPs promoted AMPK‐mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby providing more energy for osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the EC NPs not only recovered the osteogenic potential of the stem cells under oxidative stress but also demonstrated the ability to directly promote osteogenic differentiation by activating the cGMP‐PKG signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the EC NPs significantly enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and facilitated bone regeneration with a higher bone mass and bone mineral density. Thus, this multifunctional mitochondria‐targeted nanosystem represents a promising therapeutic strategy for bone regeneration based on mitochondrial homeostasis regulation.
Photothermal Effect of Cu NCs on CdS Homojunction Boosting Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Tang Yuan , Sun Yan , Li Yanfang , Guo Yuchen , Liu Boxin , Tan Xin , Hu Zhuofeng , Zhong Dichang , Ye Jinhua , Yu Tao
Published: June 2024

Developing photocatalysts with desired activity and stability toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater is of prime significance but still pressingly challenging. Herein, cuprum nanoclusters (CuNCs) are anchored on the surface of cadmium sulphide homojunctions (CdS‐H) with unsaturated edge sulphur (S) by an in situ photoreduction technique, which promotes the stability and hydrogen evolution of photocatalyst in the process of alkaline seawater hydrogen (H2) evolution (15.5 mmol g−1 h−1) with an apparent quantum yield of 11.0% at 450.0 nm. It is comprehensively confirmed that the unsaturated edge S not only effectively anchored Cu NCs but also promoted the adsorption of chloride ion (Cl−) ions, which suppressed the oxidation of lattice S and modulated the stability of the photocatalyst in alkaline seawater. The photothermal effect induced by the anchored Cu NCs accelerated the reaction kinetics, and the directional migration of the photocarrier at the metal‐semiconductor interface is demonstrated via the in situ method. This work affords a new perspective to rational design photocatalysts with high stability and superior performance in alkaline seawater.
Large Nonhysteretic Volume Magnetostriction in a Strong and Ductile High‐Entropy Alloy
Authors: Gou Junming , Pan Yun , Yang Tianzi , Liu Yao , Liu Guoxin , Chen Ying , Zhang Changsheng , Li Hao , Lv Bojiang , Liu Chang , Xia Weixing , Ma Tianyu
Published: June 2024

Rapid development of smart technologies poses a big challenge for magnetostrictive materials, which should not only permit isotropic and hysteresis‐free actuation (i.e., nonhysteretic volume change) in magnetic fields, but also have high strength and high ductility. Unfortunately, the magnetostriction from self‐assembly of ferromagnetic domains is volume‐conserving; the volume magnetostriction from field‐induced first‐order phase transition has large intrinsic hysteresis; and most prototype magnetostrictive materials are intrinsically brittle. Here, a magnetic high‐entropy alloy (HEA) Fe35Co35Al10Cr10Ni10 is reported that can rectify these challenges, exhibiting an unprecedented combination of large nonhysteretic volume magnetostriction, high tensile strength and large elongation strain, over a wide working temperature range from room temperature down to 100 K. Its exceptional properties stem from a dual‐phase microstructure, where the face‐centered cubic (FCC) matrix phase with nanoscale compositional and structural fluctuations can enable a magnetic‐field‐induced transition from low‐spin small‐volume state to high‐spin large‐volume state, and the ordered body‐centered cubic (BCC) B2 phase contributes to mechanical strengthening. The present findings may provide insights into designing unconventional and technologically important magnetostrictive materials.
New Engineering Science Insights into the Electrode Materials Pairing of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Qu Longbing , Wang Peiyao , Motevalli Benyamin , Liang Qinghua , Wang Kangyan , Jiang Wen‐Jie , Liu Jefferson Zhe , Li Dan
Published: June 2024

Pairing the positive and negative electrodes with their individual dynamic characteristics at a realistic cell level is essential to the practical optimal design of electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the complex relationship between the performance data measured for individual electrodes and the two‐electrode cells used in practice often makes an optimal pairing experimentally challenging. Taking advantage of the developed tunable graphene‐based electrodes with controllable structure, experiments with machine learning are successfully united to generate a large pool of capacitance data for graphene‐based electrode materials with varied slit pore sizes, thicknesses, and charging rates and numerically pair them into different combinations for two‐electrode cells. The results show that the optimal pairing parameters of positive and negative electrodes vary considerably with the operation rate of the cells and are even influenced by the thickness of inactive components. The best‐performing individual electrode does not necessarily result in optimal cell‐level performance. The machine learning‐assisted pairing approach presents much higher efficiency compared with the traditional trial‐and‐error approach for the optimal design of supercapacitors. The new engineering science insights observed in this work enable the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques to efficiently translate well‐developed high‐performance individual electrode materials into real energy storage devices.
Electron Beam Restructuring of Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Nedić Sergei , Yamamura Karin , Gale Angus , Aharonovich Igor , Toth Milos
Published: June 2024

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) holds promise as a solid state, van der Waals host of single photon emitters for on‐chip quantum photonics. The B‐center defect emitting at 436 nm is particularly compelling as it can be generated by electron beam irradiation. However, the emitter generation mechanism is unknown, the robustness of the method is variable, and it has only been applied successfully to thick flakes of hBN (≫ 10 nm). Here, it is used in situ time‐resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy to investigate the kinetics of B‐center generation. It is shown that the generation of B‐centers is accompanied by quenching of a carbon‐related emission at ≈305 nm and that both processes are rate‐limited by electromigration of defects in the hBN lattice. It identifies problems that limit the efficacy and reproducibility of the emitter generation method and solve them using a combination of optimized electron beam parameters and hBN pre‐and postprocessing treatments. It is achieved B‐center quantum emitters in hBN flakes as thin as 8 nm, elucidate the mechanisms responsible for electron beam restructuring of quantum emitters in hBN, and gain insights toward the identification of the atomic structure of the B‐center quantum emitter.
Photocatalytic α‐Difluoroalkoxyketones Synthesis via Radical Intermolecular Alkoxylation of Difluoroenol Silyl Ethers
Authors: Paut Julien , Baldon Simone , Anselmi Elsa , Dell'Amico Luca , Dagousset Guillaume , Magnier Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

We present a metal‐free photocatalytic approach for the synthesis of difluoroalkoxylatedketones. This strategy involves the generation of alkoxyl radicals from pyridinium salts upon the activity of a catalytic electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex. This mild process tolerates several functional groups and can be scaled up to gram scale. Diverse products manipulations accounts for the versatility of the obtained fluorinated products, highlighting the synthetic usefulness of this method.
An Inherited Allele Confers Prostate Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance via RFX6/HOXA10‐Orchestrated TGFβ Signaling
Authors: Zhong Mengjie , Xu Wenjie , Tian Pan , Zhang Qin , Wang Zixian , Liang Limiao , Zhang Qixiang , Yang Yuehong , Lu Ying , Wei Gong‐Hong
Published: June 2024

Genetic and epigenetic alterations are cancer hallmark characteristics. However, the role of inherited cancer predisposition alleles in co‐opting lineage factor epigenetic reprogramming and tumor progression remains elusive. Here the FinnGen cohort phenome‐wide analysis, along with multiple genome‐wide association studies, has consistently identified the rs339331‐RFX6/6q22 locus associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk across diverse populations. It is uncovered that rs339331 resides in a reprogrammed androgen receptor (AR) binding site in PCa tumors, with the T risk allele enhancing AR chromatin occupancy. RFX6, an AR‐regulated gene linked to rs339331, exhibits synergistic prognostic value for PCa recurrence and metastasis. This comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the oncogenic functions of RFX6 in promoting PCa cell proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistically, RFX6 upregulates HOXA10 that profoundly correlates with adverse PCa outcomes and is pivotal in RFX6‐mediated PCa progression, facilitating the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and modulating the TGFβ/SMAD signaling axis. Clinically, HOXA10 elevation is associated with increased EMT scores, tumor advancement and PCa recurrence. Remarkably, reducing RFX6 expression restores enzalutamide sensitivity in resistant PCa cells and tumors. This findings reveal a complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in PCa pathogenesis and drug resistance, centered around disrupted prostate lineage AR signaling and abnormal RFX6 expression.
PICALM Regulating the Generation of Amyloid β‐Peptide to Promote Anthracycline‐Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Bao Mengni , Hua Xiumeng , Chen Xiao , An Tao , Mo Han , Sun Zhe , Tao Menghao , Yue Guangxin , Song Jiangping
Published: June 2024

Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat solid and hematologic malignancies. However, life‐threatening cardiotoxicity, with cardiac dilation and heart failure, is a drawback. A combination of in vivo for single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing and in vitro approaches is used to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Genetic depletion and pharmacological blocking peptides on phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly (PICALM) are used to evaluate the role of PICALM in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. Human heart tissue samples are used for verification. Patients with end‐stage heart failure and chemotherapy‐induced cardiotoxicity have thinner cell membranes compared to healthy controls do. Using the doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity mice model, it is possible to replicate the corresponding phenotype in patients. Cellular changes in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in mice, especially in cardiomyocytes, are identified using single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing. Picalm expression is upregulated only in cardiomyocytes with doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity. Amyloid β‐peptide production is also increased after doxorubicin treatment, which leads to a greater increase in the membrane permeability of cardiomyocytes. Genetic depletion and pharmacological blocking peptides on Picalm reduce the generation of amyloid β‐peptide. This alleviates the doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In human heart tissue samples of patients with chemotherapy‐induced cardiotoxicity, PICALM, and amyloid β‐peptide are elevated as well.
Biomineralization for Reducing and Controlling Sand‐Dust Storms
Authors: Miao Linchang , Wang Hengxing , Sun Xiaohao , Wu Linyu
Published: June 2024

The sand‐dust weather and sand‐dust storms have become a serious environmental disaster worldwide. It is an important challenge to develop technologies for desert sand solidification in order to prevent and control sand‐dust weather. The biomineralization technology for solidifying desert sands has been a novel method for reinforced soils in recent years. The biomineralization solidification sand field tests are completed at the Wuma Highway solidification section in the Tengger Desert. The superiority of the biomineralization for solidifying sands is verified by measuring the water storage capacity of different reinforcement zones including bare sand zone, plant zone, biomineralization solidifying sand zone, and biomineralization combined plant solidifying sand zone. Simultaneously, the molecular dynamics calculation analysis is used to verify the role of biomineralization solidifying sands in preventing sand‐dust storms. All results demonstrate that the biomineralization solidification sand method is effective for controlling and preventing sandstorm disasters.
Development of a Dual‐Factor Activatable Covalent Targeted Photoacoustic Imaging Probe for Tumor Imaging
Authors: Song Jiho , Zhai Tianqu , Hahm Heung Sik , Li Yuancheng , Mao Hui , Wang Xueding , Jo Janggun , Chang Jae Won
Published: June 2024

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality in biomedical imaging with superior imaging depth and specificity. However, PAI still has significant limitations, such as the background noise from endogenous chromophores. To overcome these limitations, we developed a covalent activity‐based PAI probe, NOx‐JS013, targeting NCEH1. NCEH1, a highly expressed and activated serine hydrolase in aggressive cancers, has the potential to be employed for the diagnosis of cancers. We show that NOx‐JS013 labels active NCEH1 in live cells with high selectivity relative to other serine hydrolases. NOx‐JS013 also presents its efficacy as a hypoxia‐responsive imaging probe in live cells. Finally, NOx‐JS013 successfully visualizes aggressive prostate cancer tumors in mouse models of PC3, while being negligibly detected in tumors of non‐aggressive LNCaP mouse models. These findings show that NOx‐JS013 has the potential to be used to develop precision PAI reagents for detecting metastatic progression in various cancers.
High Selectivity MEMS C2H2 Sensor for Transformer Fault Characteristic Gas Detection**
Authors: Xu Yifeng , Mei Haixia , Bing Yu , Zhang Fuyun , Sui Ning , Zhou Tingting , Fan Xiaopeng , Wang Lijie , Zhang Tong
Published: June 2024

Acetylene (C2H2), as an important characteristic gas in transformer fault diagnosis, should be accurately detected and effectively distinguished from other dissolved gases (H2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, CO, CO2), which is crucial to determine whether the fault occurs and the fault type, but also faces challenges now. The rational design and employment of rare earth and noble metals are expected to address this issue. In this work, SnO2‐3 at% Sm2O3‐1 at% PdO based MEMS gas sensor was prepared to achieve high performance detection of C2H2 which has a response value of 56 to 50 ppm C2H2, response/recovery time of 2 s/136 s, lower detection limit of 1 ppm, power consumption of 15.5 mW, and weak cross sensitivity to other transformer fault characteristic gases. Lewis acids and bases theory was used to explain the reason why rare earth Sm is a benefit element to improve selectivity to C2H2. The formation of oxygen vacancies and hetero junctions was used to explain the increased sensitivity of the material. This study proved the feasibility of rare earth and noble metals as potential additives to enable advanced gas‐sensitive materials for highly selective transformer fault characteristic gas C2H2 detection.
Evaluation of operational process parameters of polylactic acid filament extruder by quality and dynamic‐mechanical analysis measurements: A comparative study and classification
Authors: Toprak Esra , Aydin R. Seda Tiğli , Kaya Ceren
Published: June 2024

In this study, the operational conditions of a low‐cost in‐house‐built single screw filament extruder including operational parameters of extruder temperature (170–190°C) and screw speed (20–40 rpm) were evaluated in terms of the quality and dynamic‐mechanical properties of extruded PLA filaments. The designed experimental parameters were used to investigate the impact of operational parameters on filament diameter by Taguchi model where the predicted responses were evaluated. Results showed superior performance with R2 value of 0.9898. The measured filament diameters validated the predicted responses, and the error percentage was in the range of 0%–2.1%. Furthermore, in order to classify and distinguish filaments, we adept the artificial neural network (ANN) model classifier, and the measured dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) values at certain temperatures were taken into consideration where the classes they belonged to be determined. Results reveal successful classification accuracy of filaments in the range of 94.82%–99.98% depends on different cases of classification process.
Investorsʼ view of mandatory corporate social responsibility as a public policy: The case of section 135 of the Indian Companies Act 2013
Authors: Ruhupatty LeRoy Tim , Ruhupatty Melisa Ann
Published: June 2024

We investigate investor sentiment regarding mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a public policy. Using the event study methodology, we analysed the cumulative abnormal returns (AR) of companies impacted by Section 135 of the Indian Companies Act 2013. Our findings suggest that setting a CSR expenditure threshold may lead companies lagging in CSR to over‐invest, potentially hindering value maximisation. Specifically, we observed that the cumulative AR for companies lagging in CSR are lower than those leading in CSR. Therefore, mandating CSR practices may be counterproductive for value creation. This event study is one of the first to evaluate the impact of mandatory CSR as public policy on CSR‐leading and lagging firms.
Structural Distortion of g‐C3N4 Induced by a Schiff Base Reaction for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Yang Chunxia , Cao Hailong , Su Fengyun , Tian Mengzhen , Xie Haiquan , Zhang Yezhen , Jin Xiaoli , Li Xin , Li Zhengdao
Published: June 2024

Photocatalytic H2 evolution by water splitting is a promising approach to address the challenges of environmental pollution and energy scarcity. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has emerged as a star photocatalyst because of its numerous advantages. To address the limitations of traditional g‐C3N4, namely its inadequate visible light response and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers, we employed a schiff base reaction to synthesize −C=N− doped g‐C3N4. The introduction of −C=N− groups at the bridging nitrogen sites induced structural distortion in g‐C3N4, facilitating n‐π* electronic transitions from the lone pair electrons of nitrogen atom and extending light absorption up to 600 nm. Moreover, the presence of heterogeneous π‐conjugated electron distribution effectively traps photogenerated electrons and enhances charge carrier separation. Benefiting from its expanded spectral response range, unique electronic properties, increased specific surface area, the doped g‐C3N4 exhibited outstanding photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of 1050.13 μmol/g/h. The value was 5.9 times greater than the pristine g‐C3N4.
Adaptive laboratory evolution in a novel parallel shaken pH‐auxostat
Authors: Sarikaya Burak , Bück Hendrik , Pohen Gino , Rodrigues Filipe , Günster Karsten , Wefelmeier Katrin , Miebach Katharina , Blank Lars M. , Büchs Jochen
Published: June 2024

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a widely used microbial strain development and optimization method. ALE experiments, to select for faster‐growing strains, are commonly performed as serial batch cultivations in shake flasks, serum bottles, or microtiter plates or as continuous cultivations in bioreactors on a laboratory scale. To combine the advantages of higher throughput in parallel shaken cultures with continuous fermentations for conducting ALE experiments, a new Continuous parallel shaken pH‐auxostat (CPA) was developed. The CPA consists of six autonomous parallel shaken cylindrical reactors, equipped with real‐time pH control of the culture medium. The noninvasive pH measurement and control are realized by biocompatible pH sensor spots and a programmable pump module, to adjust the dilution rate of fresh medium for each reactor separately. Two different strains of the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea polymorpha were used as microbial model systems for parallel chemostat and pH‐auxostat cultivations. During cultivation, the medium is acidified by the microbial activity of the yeast. For pH‐auxostat cultivations, the growth‐dependent acidification triggers the addition of fresh feed medium into the reactors, leading to a pH increase and thereby to the control of the pH to a predetermined set value. By controlling the pH to a predetermined set value, the dilution rate of the continuous cultivation is adjusted to values close to the washout point, in the range of the maximum specific growth rate of the yeast. The pH control was optimized by conducting a step‐response experiment and obtaining tuned PI controller parameters by the Chien‐Hrones‐Reswick (CHR) PID tuning method. Two pH‐auxostat cultivations were performed with two different O. polymorpha strains at high dilution rates for up to 18 days. As a result, up to 4.8‐fold faster‐growing strains were selected. The increased specific maximum growth rates of the selected strains were confirmed in subsequent batch cultivations.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Terpenoids for Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Noor Arif Azimi Md
Published: June 2024

This review focus on the terpenoids as potential therapeutic agents for depression and anxiety disorders, which naturally found in a variety of plants and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Among the terpenoids discussed in this review are α‐pinene, β‐caryophyllene, α‐phellandrene, limonene, β‐linalool, 1, 8‐cineole, β‐pinene, caryophyllene oxide, p‐cymene, and eugenol. All of these compounds have been studied extensively regarding their pharmacological properties, such as neuroprotective effect, anti‐inflammation, antibacterial, regulation of neurotransmitters and antioxidant effect. Preclinical evidence are reviewed to highlight their diverse mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential to support antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Additionally, challenges and future directions are also discussed to emphasize therapeutic utility of terpenoids for mental health disorders. Overall, this review provides a promising role of terpenoids as novel therapeutic agents for depression and anxiety, with potential implications for the development of more effective and well‐tolerated treatments in the field of psychopharmacology.
Transport of Zinc‐Phthalocyanine to Cancer Cells Using Myoglobin−Albumin Fusion Protein for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yamada Taiga , Funamoto Mizuki , Takada Ryoya , Morita Yoshitsugu , Komatsu Teruyuki
Published: June 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive approach to cancer treatment, wherein cell death is initiated by singlet oxygen (1O2) production via energy transfer from excited photosensitizers to ground‐state O2. Effective clinical photosensitizers necessitate water solubility for in vivo administration. Hydrophobic dyes, such as phthalocyanines, cannot be used directly as photosensitizers. Herein, we synthesized a myoglobin‐(human serum albumin) fusion protein reconstituted with zinc‐phthalocyanine (ZnPc), termed ZnPcMb‐HSA. The photophysical properties of ZnPcMb‐HSA closely resemble those of ZnPc‐substituted Mb. Notably, ZnPc dissociates from ZnPcMb‐HSA and selectively accumulates within cancer cells, while the protein components remain extracellular. Treatment of four distinct cell lines with ZnPcMb‐HSA, followed by red‐light irradiation, effectively induced apoptosis. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against these cancer cell lines ranged between 0.1–0.5 μM. Reconstituted Mb‐HSA emerges as a promising carrier for transporting various water‐insoluble porphyrinoid photosensitizer to target cancer cells in PDT applications.
Construction of Ni−Re Supported on Hydrotalcite‐Derived MgAl Catalysts for Promoting the Ring Hydrogenation of Furfural into Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol in Water
Authors: Kittisabhorn Aurucha , Ahmed Imtiaz , Ratchahat Sakhon , Chaiwat Weerawut , Koo‐amornpattana Wanida , Klysubun Wantana , Poo‐arporn Yingyot , Limphirat Wanwisa , Khemthong Pongtanawat , Assabumrungrat Suttichai , Srifa Atthapon
Published: June 2024

Biomass‐derived feedstocks play a vital role in sustainable economies for renewable energy, waste management, energy security, and commercial prospects. This study focused on promoting the ring hydrogenation of furfural (FAL) into tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) in an aqueous solution using a potential Ni−Re‐supported hydrotalcite‐derived MgAl catalyst at different Ni : Re molar ratios. Structural analyses, such as an in situ time‐resolved X‐ray absorption near edge structure, under H2 reduction elucidated the simultaneous transformation of Re6+ and Re7+ to Re0 with the remaining highly stable Ni2+. The construction of Ni−Re on hydrotalcite‐derived MgAl catalyst resulted in the alleviated H2 reduction behavior, facilitated H2 adsorption and desorption processes, and suitable catalyst acidity detected by H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, and H2 and NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption experiments, respectively. Under optimized conditions, a maximum THFA yield of 78 % with a complete FAL conversion was attained using Ni1Re0.16/MgO−Al2O3 catalyst at a reaction temperature of 140 °C, H2 pressure of 20 bar, catalyst loading of 20 %, and reaction time of 2 h in a H2O system. Isotopic deuterium (D2O) labeling revealed that D substitution was notably pronounced through isotopic exchange between the D atom from D2O and H atom in FAL during its hydrogenation to THFA.
Insights into the High Catalytic Activity of Li‐Ion Battery Waste toward Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Warczak Magdalena , Osial Magdalena , Urbańska Weronika , Sławkowska Natalia , Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Bonarowska Magdalena , Pisarek Marcin , Minikayev Roman , Giersig Michael , Opallo Marcin
Published: June 2024

Developing highly efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in aqueous media is crucial for energy conversion systems such as fuel cells or Zn‐air batteries. Electrode materials from spent devices such as lithium‐ion batteries (LiBs) are a serious environmental problem. One of the solutions is their reuse for other electrochemical processes. This work demonstrates the application of solid residues of carbon‐based powders left over from the hydrometallurgical recycling process of LIBs’ waste as efficient catalysts for ORR. Microscopic and spectroscopic studies of the residue disclosed their porous structure and various cobalt contents, depending on the recycling procedure. These battery wastes display ORR catalytic activity when deposited at the liquid‐liquid and solid electrode‐electrolyte interfaces. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) tests showed that assembling battery waste at the liquid‐liquid interface boosts the efficiency of H2O2 production by one to two orders of magnitude. The catalytic activity towards 2‐electron ORR strongly depends on waste powder compositions and structures, e.g., porosity, heteroatom presence, level of defects, and graphitization.
Lyso‐H2S: A Mycophenolic Acid‐Derived Probe for Ultra‐Low Toxicity, Intracellular H2S Detection, and Zebrafish Model Validation
Authors: Jain Neha , An Jongkeol , Roychaudhury Arkaprava , Park Sujeong , Sonawane Prasad M. , Punyamung Pheeranat , Aartsen Lars , Nimse Satish Balasaheb , Kim Cheol‐Hee , Churchill David G.
Published: June 2024

In several biological processes, H2S is known to function as an endogenous gaseous agent. It is very necessary to monitor H2S and relevant physiological processes in vivo. Herein, a new type of fluorophore with a reliable leaving group allows for excited‐state intramolecular transfer characteristics (ESIPT), inspired by mycophenolic acid. A morpholine ring was connected at the maleimide position of the probe to target the lysosome. Subsequently, the dinitrophenyl group known for a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect, was connected to allow for an effective “turn‐on” probe Lyso‐H2S. Lyso‐H2S demonstrated strong selectivity towards H2S, a large Stokes shift (111 nm), and an incredibly low detection limit (41.8 nM). The imaging of endogenous and exogenous H2S in living cells (A549 cell line) was successfully achieved because of the specificity and ultra‐low toxicity (100 % cell viability at 50 μM concentration of Lyso‐H2S.) Additionally, Lyso‐H2S was also employed to visualize the activity of H2S in the gallbladder and intestine in a living zebrafish model. This is the first report of a fluorescent probe to track H2S sensing in specific organ systems to our knowledge.
2D Conjugated Polymers Containing B←N Units for Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution†
Authors: Zhang Mingcai , Wu Xuan , Zhao Yongqing , Wu Jincai , Pan Xiaobo
Published: June 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Previous studies have demonstrated linear polymers embedded with B←N units display efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, but their limited structural tunability restricts photogenerated carrier dynamics modulation. Current researches mainly focus on linear polymers, while the study of B←N units in the field of two‐dimension conjugated polymers (2DCPs) photocatalytic hydrogen evolution remains an uncultivated ground. Herein, three 2DCPs containing B←N units were synthesized and their photocatalytic hydrogen production performance was investigated. Among them, the BN‐Tz exhibited the best property with a hydrogen production rate of 89.5 μmol·h–1, while BN‐Ph and BN‐TPB were only 26.4 and 8.5 μmol·h–1, respectively. Comprehensive analyses showed that the remarkable photocatalytic ability of BN‐Tz catalyst was mainly attributed to its superior transport and separation of photogenerated carriers, as well as the ability to construct a stronger built‐in electric field and better planarity. Meanwhile, it was found that the manipulation of the electronic properties of the structures connected to the B←N unit could effectively regulate the molecular polarity, thus achieving the control of the electronic structure of the materials. This work extends the application of materials containing B←N units in photocatalysis and lays a good foundation for the subsequent design of photocatalysts containing B←N units.
Recurrent encephalitis and stroke following cessation of acyclovir prophylaxis in a patient with neonatal herpes simplex virus with RNF213 mutation
Authors: Dave Rutu M. , Arellano Janetta , Grose Charles , Pearson Rachel
Published: June 2024

Objective

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis can be associated with many secondary neurological complications, but having multiple episodes of recurrent neurological complications is rare in an individual. Understanding the course of each complication can reduce time to diagnosis and adequate treatment. Additionally, we postulate the role of RNF213 mutation in HSV susceptibility.

Methods

We describe a unique presentation of HSV‐1 encephalitis in an infant with a pathogenic RNF213 mutation who went on to develop multiple rare neurological complications over the course of her illness.

Results

Our patient was first diagnosed with neonatal HSV‐1 encephalitis at age 2 weeks. She had recurrence of HSV encephalitis (HSE) with associated vasculopathy that led to right middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery infarctions at 13 months, and then later developed post‐HSE anti‐N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis. All of this occurred concomitant with RNF213 mutation.

Interpretation

This patient demonstrates that, though rare, multiple neurological complications can occur in a single person, thus highlighting the importance of close surveillance of patients with a history of neonatal HSE and pursuing a broad differential in patients with subtle or recurrent symptoms. Furthermore, we propose a potential role of RNF213 mutation in the pathogenesis of our patient's multiple medical conditions.
Human Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ronen Daniel , Rokach Yair , Abedat Suzan , Qadan Abed , Daana Samar , Amir Offer , Asleh Rabea
Published: June 2024

The gut ecosystem, termed microbiota, is composed of bacteria, archaea, viruses, protozoa, and fungi and is estimated to outnumber human cells. Microbiota can affect the host by multiple mechanisms, including the synthesis of metabolites and toxins, modulating inflammation and interaction with other organisms. Advances in understanding commensal organisms' effect on human conditions have also elucidated the importance of this community for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This effect is driven by both direct CV effects and conditions known to increase CV risk, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and renal and liver diseases. Cardioactive metabolites, such as trimethylamineN‐oxide (TMAO), short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipopolysaccharides, bile acids, and uremic toxins, can affect atherosclerosis, platelet activation, and inflammation, resulting in increased CV incidence. Interestingly, this interaction is bidirectional with microbiota affected by multiple host conditions including diet, bile acid secretion, and multiple diseases affecting the gut barrier. This interdependence makes manipulating microbiota an attractive option to reduce CV risk. Indeed, evolving data suggest that the benefits observed from low red meat and Mediterranean diet consumption can be explained, at least partially, by the changes that these diets may have on the gut microbiota. In this article, we depict the current epidemiological and mechanistic understanding of the role of microbiota and CVD. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches aimed at manipulating gut microbiota to improve CV outcomes. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5449‐5490, 2024.
A solar photovoltaic‐fed three‐phase multifunctional converter operation using nonlinear control strategy
Authors: Kumar Majji Ravi , Prakash Mishra Jyoti , Chiranjeevi Tirumalasetty
Published: June 2024

A nonlinear control strategy for a solar photovoltaic (SPV) integrated three‐phase multifunctional converter (3PMFC) is proposed in this study. The proposed control approach integrates a Lyapunov function controller (LFC) for the voltage control loop and a model predictive controller (MPC) for the current tracking control loop. The required 3PMFC reference currents are calculated using a variable conductance factor (VCF) technique. The key highlights of the proposed control strategy are as follows: (1) LFC with only one control gain provides less steady‐state error than the proportional integrator (PI) with two control gains, (2) MPC generates the optimal switching signals for the associated converters in the system without using modulation stages, and (3) The VCF approach simplifies the mathematical formulation to derive the required reference current. The effectiveness of the proposed control technique was evaluated using different solar irradiation, DC loads, and AC loads (linear balanced, linear unbalanced, and nonlinear loads). The performance of the proposed control technique has been evaluated and validated in a dynamic operation scenario utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and a real‐time simulator (OPAL‐RT OP4510). The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control approach outperforms the conventional control strategy in terms of grid current total harmonic distortion (THD) improvement, which is in accordance with the IEEE‐519 standard. The performance evaluated through simulation studies indicates that the 3PMFC can perfectly perform all of its grid‐supported multifunctional services, such as current harmonic compensation, reactive power support, and source current balance, along with injecting active power generated by the SPV into the utility system.