bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[18F]ML-10 PET: Initial Experience in Glioblastoma Multiforme Therapy Response Assessment
Authors: Oborski Matthew J. , Laymon Charles M. , Lieberman Frank S. , Qian Yongxian , Drappatz Jan , Mountz James M.
Published: December 2016

The ability to assess tumor apoptotic response to therapy could provide a direct and prompt measure of therapeutic efficacy. 18F-labeled 2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid ([18F]ML-10) is proposed as a positron emission tomography (PET) apoptosis imaging radiotracer. This manuscript presents initial experience using [18F]ML-10 PET to predict therapeutic response in 4 patients with human glioblastoma multiforme. Each patient underwent [18F]ML-10 PET and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before (baseline) and at ∼2–3 weeks after therapy (early-therapy assessment). All PET and MRI data were acquired using a Siemens BioGraph mMR integrated PET/MRI scanner. PET acquisitions commenced 120 minutes after injection with 10 mCi of [18F]ML-10. Changes in [18F]ML-10 standard uptake values were assessed in conjunction with MRI changes. Time-to-progression was used as the outcome measure. One patient, ML-10 #4, underwent additional sodium-23 (23Na) MRI at baseline and early-therapy assessment. Siemens 3 T Magnetom Tim Trio scanner with a dual-tuned (1H-23Na) head coil was used for 23Na-MRI, acquiring two three-dimensional single-quantum sodium images at two echo times (TE). Volume-fraction-weighted bound sodium concentration was quantified through pixel-by-pixel subtraction of the two single-quantum sodium images. In the cases presented, [18F]ML-10 uptake changes were not clearly related to time-to-progression. We suggest that this may be because the tumors are undergoing varying rates of cell death and growth. Acquisition of complementary measures of tumor cell proliferation or viability may aid in the interpretation of PET apoptosis imaging.
Search Extended: Evidence Based Library and Information Practice (EBLIP) is seeking an Editorial Intern
Authors: . .
Published: December 2016

No abstract.
Research Grants: Does My Research Need Funding?
Authors: Wilson Virginia
Published: December 2016

No abstract.
Post-tensioned masonry. A constructive alternative to Ecuador and seismic regions
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Zalamea León Esteban
Published: December 2016

El presente trabajo aborda un problema central de la construcción en Cuenca, ciudad andina del sur del Ecuador, donde cotidianamente constatamos que, en su mayoría, no se cumple con lo dispuesto por las normativas que rigen en otros países con condiciones sísmicas similares, por lo que es visible que las edificaciones corren serios riesgos.A partir de esta evidencia, nuestra investigación busca construir muros de mampostería postensada con materiales, instrumentos y técnicas disponibles en el medio, considerando que la tecnología constructiva propuesta y adaptada para mamposterías ya es una respuesta en otras sociedades, con los mismos riesgos potenciales.
Guide for the drafting specific technical specifications for civil works
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Rodas Marín Bolivar
Published: December 2016

En la construcción de obras civiles se siguen cometiendo desaciertos que han ocasionado constantes pérdidas del patrimonio familiar, causado por la inobservancia a las normas y códigos que muy difícilmente se han tratado de implantar en el edificar diario.Frente a esta problemática, se propone la elaboración de una guía para la redacción de especificaciones técnicas particulares que cuente con una estructura tal que permita agilizar el proceso de formulación de documentos, unifique criterios, procedimientos, e integre todos los componentes en una especificación de fácil manejo por parte de constructores y fiscalizadores, incluso por no especialistas. De esta manera se pretende ampliar el contexto actual y servir como una guía o camino a la inclusión de nuevos conceptos.
Contemporary single family house with modern attributes in the city of Cuenca
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Íñiguez Alvarado María Claudia
Published: December 2016

En el presente trabajo se efectuó un análisis profundo acerca de los atributos de la Arquitectura Moderna con el fin de establecer criterios claves para la selección de viviendas contemporáneas relevantes de la ciudad de Cuenca y de esta manera demostrar la persistencia de éstos en la producción arquitectónica actual de nuestra ciudad.De tal modo se realizó un estudio conciso acerca del desarrollo de la Modernidad a lo largo de su historia, para entender bajo qué parámetros se desarrollaron conceptos como rigor, precisión, economía visual, economía constructiva, universalidad y reversibilidad, estableciendo un vínculo en el análisis de obras emblemáticas y contemporáneas, con el propósito de encontrar similitudes en sus procesos de construcción formal, desarrollando proyectos lógicamente sustentados tanto en aspectos formales como funcionales.
Virtual laboratory of city and territory
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Vivanco Cruz Lorena , Salazar Ximena ,   Universidad de Cuenca, Cordero María Fernanda ,   Universidad de Cuenca
Published: December 2016

La influencia de los cambios tecnológicos se visualiza en todos los aspectos que conciernen a la sociedad, entre ellos la educación. A pesar de que se han dado exitosas aplicaciones de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en este ámbito, existen temas como la aplicación práctica de conocimientos obtenidos en investigaciones que no han sido resueltos del todo y más aún en el ámbito de la Planificación Territorial y Urbana, en donde es común encontrar un sinnúmero de dificultades al momento de realizar una transmisión de resultados de investigación a la mayoría de potenciales usuarios (cuyo acceso al material científico es limitado), e incluso las restricciones que tienen las instancias encargadas de la planificación en el país de comunicar sus propuestas metodológicas y validarlas en un ambiente académico.
Frecuencia de asistencia a la consulta odontológica en el control prenatal y factores asociados un hospital público de Bogotá, Colombia, 2011-2012
Authors: Díaz-Quijano Diana Marcela , Pinzón-Flórez Carlos Eduardo , Oliveros-Rodríguez Henry , Castillo-Zamora Marcos Fidel
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de asistencia a la consulta odontológica durante el embarazo de las mujeres que asisten al primer control neonatal y que tuvieron su parto en la misma institución, y explorar asociaciones entre hábitos de higiene oral, hábitos de salud, conocimientos y creencias, y la asistencia a la consulta odontológica.

Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal descriptivo. Se incluyeron 682 mujeres que asistieron al primer control neonatal y cuyo parto fue atendido en la misma institución entre los años 2011 y 2012, en un hospital de segundo nivel de complejidad, ubicado en una localidad de ingreso socioeconómico bajo en la ciudad de Bogotá.Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, factores relacionados con comportamientos de salud oral,estilos de vida, conocimientos sobre la salud oral yel embarazo; se exploró el conocimiento sobre elefecto del embarazo en la salud oral y sobre el efectode una pobre salud oral en el desenlace del embarazo.Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística para explorar asociaciones entre hábitos de higieneoral, hábitos de salud, conocimientos y creencias, yla asistencia a la consulta odontológica.

Resultados: la prevalencia de asistencia al odontólogofue 75,9 %; la variable que más asociación positivatuvo, respecto a la asistencia a la consulta odontológica,
fue remisión al odontólogo (OR = 25,90;IC 95 %: 14,60-45,96). La variable que tuvo mayorasociación negativa fue desconocimiento sobre elefecto de la enfermedad periodontal en los resultadosperinatales (OR = 0,61; IC 95 %: 0,38-0,97) y la noasistencia regular al odontólogo antes del embarazo
(OR = 0,49; IC 95 %: 0,29-0,82).

Conclusiones:la prevalencia de asistencia a la consultaodontológica durante el embarazo fue elevada.Es importante educar a la paciente sobre las posibles consecuencias de la mala salud oral sobre el buen curso del embarazo.

 
Valvuloplastia percutánea con balón de válvula mitral durante la gestación. Reporte de dos casos en un hospital de cuarto nivel de atención en Cali, Colombia, y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Colonia-Toro Alejandro , Escobar-Vidarte María Fernanda , Velásquez-Noreña Jorge , Escobar-González Sara Sofía , Forero-Ladino Angélica María
Published: December 2016

Objetivo:describir la experiencia de dos casos de gestantes con estenosis mitral valvular, llevadas a valvuloplastia percutánea con balón y dilatación como alternativa terapéutica para contrarrestar los riesgos de colapso y deterioro materno-fetal y permitir la progresión del embarazo sin complicaciones cardiovasculares o el deterioro funcional, y realizar una revisión de la literatura publicada sobre la realización del procedimiento en gestantes.
Materiales y métodos: se presentan dos casos de estenosis mitral severa y compromiso funcional asociado, de aparición en el segundo trimestre del embarazo, atendidos en una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad, centro de referencia regional. Se manejaron por medio de valvuloplastia mitral con balón, con desenlaces clínicos maternos perinatales favorables. La revisión de la literatura se hizo a partir de los términos: “valvuloplastia”, “estenosis mitral” y “embarazo”. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Medline vía PubMed, Medes y Scopus. Se excluyeron los procedimientos descritos que estaban dirigidos al reparo valvular del feto. Los estudios se centraron en los hallazgos diagnósticos y el curso del procedimiento quirúrgico.

Resultados: se identificaron doce títulos. Los resultados obtenidos son comparables a los reportes de casos de estenosis de válvula mitral con procedimiento asistido por balón para dilatación de la válvula. En general, el procedimiento es exitoso, incrementa el área de la válvula mitral y reduce el gradiente de presión en la válvula. No obstante, existe el riesgo de desarrollar insuficiencia de válvula mitral tras la conducta, trombosis y muerte.

Conclusión: la valvuloplastia percutánea con balón y dilatación como alternativa terapéutica es una opción por considerar en el manejo de la estenosis mitral en la gestante con deterioro de la clase funcional y el aumento durante el seguimiento de la presión en cuña pulmonar. Se requieren estudios controlados que validen los resultados de los estudios observacionales.
FECOLSOG: Improving maternal, sexual and reproductive health
Authors: Díaz-Yamal Ivonne
Published: December 2016

Under the leadership of its Board of Directors, the Colombian Federation of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FECOLSOG) has undertaken the task of developing a strategic plan looking to 2020. This new plan seeks to respond to the health situation in our country and it focuses on public health actions designed to improve maternal
and perinatal indicators, develop interventions in sexual and reproductive health, work on training and recertification of our members, and update procedures that need to be covered by benefit plans paid through public funds.
The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Inhibits Inflammatory Response of Periodontal Ligament Cells and Ameliorates Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Jiang Lin , Song Jinlin , Hu Xiaolei , Zhang Hongmei , Huang Enyi , Zhang Yan , Deng Feng , Wu Xiaomian
Published: December 2016

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria and their virulence factors. Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor for clinical treatment of malignancies. Its anticancer activity is accompanied by an anti‐inflammatory effect. However, there are few reports about its anti‐inflammatory effect and underlying mechanism in periodontal disease, especially on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), which are considered a promising cell‐based therapy for treating periodontitis.

Methods: hPDLCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pretreated with BTZ. mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 were determined. The anti‐inflammatory mechanism of BTZ was studied. Further, experimental rat periodontitis was induced with ligature and LPS injection, and simultaneously and locally treated with BTZ (three injections/week). Four weeks after treatment, microcomputed tomography, immunohistochemical, and histopathologic analyses were performed.

Results: Bortezomib administration at safe concentrations (≤1 nM) inhibited production of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS‐stimulated hPDLCs via nuclear factor (NF)‐kappa B, p38/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/activator protein‐1 pathways. Moreover, in the LPS and ligature‐induced periodontitis rat model, BTZ suppressed expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8, reduced the ratio of receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand/osteoprotegerin, and prevented alveolar bone absorption.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the anti‐inflammatory activity of BTZ against periodontal inflammatory response and present BTZ as a promising therapy for periodontal disease.
GÊNESE DOS DEPÓSITOS NEOCENOZÓICOS DO REVERSO DA SERRA DE SÃO PEDRO E EVOLUÇÃO DA SUPERFÍCIE DAS CRISTAS MÉDIAS – SUDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Pinheiro Marcos Roberto , Michelon Cristiane Regina , Manfredini Sidneide
Published: December 2016

A borda do Planalto Ocidental no Estado de São Paulo constitui um dos exemplos mais didáticos da Superfície das Cristas Médias e nela são encontrados depósitos recentes cuja idade e gênese são desconhecidas. Tendo como exemplo os depósitos do topo da Serra de São Pedro-SP, o objetivo deste trabalho foi buscar indicativos sobre a origem dos materiais, identificando a relação deles com a evolução geomorfológica da área. Foram analisadas as características macromorfológicas dos depósitos e os parâmetros granulométricos, morfoscópicos e mineralógicos das areias, além de ter sido determinada a idade absoluta (LOE) do material. Os resultados mostraram que os depósitos são constituídos principalmente por grãos inteiros subarredondados a arredondados foscos com marcas de choque, enquanto que os grãos polidos são em geral quebrados e mais frequentes nas frações arenosas mais finas e nas camadas mais superficiais ou alteradas. Considerando que as linhas de pedra apresentaram idades que coincidem com fases mais secas do Pleistoceno Superior, que os grãos apresentam elevado grau de arredondamento e são geralmente foscos com marcas de choque, e que a mineralogia dos sedimentos é compatível com a da Formação subjacente (Itaqueri), infere-se que os depósitos corresponderiam ao provável desmantelamento dessa unidade geológica. Os sedimentos teriam sido transportados e retrabalhados a curta distância em clima seco pelo vento ou pelo escoamento difuso da água em episódios de chuva torrencial. Nesse contexto, os resultados colocam em dúvida a atual existência da Superfície das Cristas Médias na área, uma vez que os depósitos seriam correlativos da destruição dos materiais em que esta foi esculpida.
ANÁLISE DIGITAL DO RELEVO APLICADA À CARTOGRAFIA GEOMORFOLÓGICA DA PORÇÃO CENTRAL DA SERRA DO MAR PARANAENSE
Authors: Silveira Ricardo Michael Pinheiro , Silveira Claudinei Taborda da
Published: December 2016

No contexto da análise digital do relevo como subsídio à modelagem geomorfológica, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo aplicar uma classificação geomorfométrica parametrizada a partir de Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT) e atributos topográficos para mapear formas de relevo e formas de vertente num recorte localizado na Serra do Mar, estado do Paraná, Brasil. O MDT, interpolado a partir de dados vetoriais planialtimétricos na escala 1:25.000, possui célula de 15x15 metros. Foram calculados sete atributos topográficos: declividade, plano de curvatura, perfil de curvatura, relevo sombreado, acumulação de fluxo, índice topográfico de umidade e índice de posição topográfica. As regras de classificação automatizada para os mapas de formas de relevo e formas de vertente foram definidas considerando duas abordagens: a) discretização dos atributos topográficos por critérios estatísticos (média e desvio padrão) para variáveis que apresentam valores relativos a uma área específica; b) discretização por critérios determinísticos para variáveis cujos valores podem ser aplicados em áreas distintas. O mapa de formas de relevo resultou na identificação de cinco formas de relevo principais (planície, rampas coluvionares, calhas de drenagem, vertentes e cristas) fragmentadas em outras oito adicionais, subdivididas em classes com distintas características geomorfométricas. O mapa contemplou as principais segmentações morfológicas da área de estudo, com poucos ruídos na classificação. Para o mapa de formas de vertente foram obtidas 27 classes. Devido ao nível de detalhamento, as formas de vertente se mostraram mais sensíveis à qualidade e à escala do modelo. Em campo constatou-se o potencial de aplicação das classificações geomorfométricas automatizadas a partir de MDT para levantamentos geomorfológicos preliminares, condizente com as principais rupturas observadas na paisagem e com baixo custo operacional. Conclui-se que, para a eficácia da classificação resultante, alguns tópicos requerem atenção: a escala da base de dados, o tamanho de célula do MDT, o cálculo dos atributos topográficos, o tamanho da janela móvel para cálculos de vizinhança e os parâmetros das regras de classificação.
ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA DA ESTRUTURA CIRCULAR DE SÃO MIGUEL DO TAPUIO, PIAUÍ - BRASIL
Authors: Martins Jackson Alves , Branco Mariano Castelo , De Castro Neivaldo Araújo , Peulvast Jean-Pierre , Lima Junior Sergio Bezerra
Published: December 2016

A estrutura circular de São Miguel do Tapuio (ECSMT) corresponde a uma das maiores do gênero registrada em rochas sedimentares fanerozoicas da Bacia do Parnaíba, Estado do Piauí, Brasil. As pesquisas considerando a gênese da ECSMT dividem-se entre uma origem endógena e uma através de impacto meteorítico. No presente estudo foram realizados trabalhos envolvendo o estágio do conhecimento atual, campo e laboratoriais (sensoriamento remoto). Os trabalhos de sensoriamento serviram para delinear a configuração morfológica superficial, o diâmetro total e compartimentos, bem como o padrão multidirecional e alta densidade dos lineamentos no interior da estrutura. Puderam ser definidas unidades morfoestruturais como a borda externa, o anel intermediário, a depressão anelar e um alto topográfico central. Os trabalhos de campo evidenciaram uma intensidade de metamorfismo termal variável observado nos arenitos interiores à ECSMT. Da borda para o centro observa-se nítido aumento no grau de metamorfismo nos arenitos, caracterizando metarenitos intensamente recristalizados e consolidados no entorno do centro da estrutura. Finalizando, a caracterização morfológica superficial e a assinatura geométrica obtida para a ECSMT são semelhantes e condizentes com várias estruturas de impacto do tipo complexa (presença de um núcleo soerguido). Somado a estes fatos temos a presença de estruturas deformacionais macro e microscópicas (mesmo que não conclusivas de choque) nos arenitos que compõem a estrutura, além da não ocorrência de registro e evidências ígneas que justificariam o metamorfismo termal observado, conferindo-lhe uma provável gênese por impacto meteorítico.
Effect of Bilateral Oophorectomy and Natural Menopause on Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Nida H. Ali  , Mayyadah H. Al-Shahlanee  , Abbas M. Jasim
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of bilateral oophorectomy on bone mineral density in comparison with natural menopause. Bone mineral density (BMD) is  measured with dual energy X-ray DXA of lumber spine and femoral neck in 133 women, aged ranged (45 -70 years). Two surgical groups consist of 100 women either after or before, surgical after menopause SAM women with mean age (66.55 ± 1.11 years), menopause duration mean (15.88 ± 1.19 years) and body mass index BMI mean (32.09 ± 1.37 Kg /m2). Women who underwent surgery before menopause SBM the mean age (57.18 ± 0.84 years), (13.31 ± 0.83 years) the mean of menopause duration and (32.26 ± 0.7 Kg /m2) the mean of body mass index BMI. The natural menopause NM include 33 women mean age (56.45 ± 0.93 years) with (6.24 ± 0.81 years) duration of menopause and (33.49 ± 1.08 Kg /m2) BMI. The mean of BMD and T-score in lumber spine L1-L4 in SAM group was (0.84 ± 0.03 gr/cm2 and -2.32 ± 0.25) respectively, in the SBM group (BMD = 0.82 ± 0.01 gr/cm2 and T-score -2.46 ± 0.12) comparing to natural menopause group NM (BMD = 1.16 ± 0.03 gr /cm2 and T-score 0.31 ± 0.23). The mean of BMD measured for femoral neck in SAM (0.72± 0.03 gr /cm2 and T-score = - 1.54 ± 0.2), in SBM (BMD = 0.81 ± 0.81 gr/cm2 and T-score = - 0.86 ± 0.12), in NM (BMD = 0.93 ± 0.03 gr/cm2 and T-score = 0.3 6 ± 0.03). Bilateral oophorectomy associated with decrease in BMD, in addition age and duration of menopause are important factors affected on BMD.
Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement
Authors: Fu Xinyong , Fu Zitao
Published: December 2016

In a vacuum tube, two identical and parallel Ag-O-Cs surfaces, with a work function of approximately 0.8eV, ceaselessly emit thermal electrons at room temperature. The thermal electrons are so controlled by a static uniform magnetic field that they can fly only from one Ag-O-Cs surface to the other, resulting in a potential difference and an electric current, and transferring a power to a resistance outside the tube. The ambient air is a single heat reservoir in the experiment, and all the heat extracted by the tube from the air is converted into electric energy without producing other effect. The authors maintain that the experiment is in contradiction to the Kelvin statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
Overexpression of AmRosea1 Gene Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Dou Mingzhu , Fan Sanhong , Yang Suxin , Huang Rongfeng , Yu Huiyun , Feng Xianzhong
Published: December 2016

Ectopic expression of the MYB transcription factor of AmROSEA1 from Antirrhinum majus has been reported to change anthocyanin and other metabolites in several species. In this study, we found that overexpression of AmRosea1 significantly improved the tolerance of transgenic rice to drought and salinity stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a considerable amount of stress-related genes were affected by exogenous AmRosea1 during both drought and salinity stress treatments. These affected genes are involved in stress signal transduction, the hormone signal pathway, ion homeostasis and the enzymes that remove peroxides. This work suggests that the AmRosea1 gene is a potential candidate for genetic engineering of crops.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Morpholine Derivatives
Authors: AlTamiemi Entesar O. , Khammas Sameaa J. , AlKaissi Sura S.
Published: December 2016

In this paper a new series of morpholine derivatives was prepared by reacting the morpholine with ethyl chloro acetate in the presence triethylamine as a catalyst in benzene gave morpholin-N-ethyl acetate(1) which reacted with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol, and gave morpholin-N-ethyl acetohydrazide (2) . Morpholin-N-aceto semithiocarbazide (3) were prepared by reacting compound(2) with ammonium thiocyanate , concentrated hydrochloric acid and ethanol as a solvent .Compound (3) reacted with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid to give 5-(morpholin-N-methylene)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (4) .The new series of 1,2,4-triazol derivatives (5-8) was synthesized by reaction of compound(4) with formaldehyde , DMF as a solvent and different secondary amines. Preparation of new 1,2,4-triazoline derivatives (9) by reaction compound (4) with bromo acetic acid . Reaction of compound (9) with different aromatic aldehyde and dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent obtained compounds (10-13).
Synthesis and Characterization of New Heterocyclic Compounds from 2, 5- dimercapto -1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole and Their Resins
Authors: Al-Zubiady Shetha F. , Ismael Israa Abdul Satar , Ismael Ban Dh.
Published: December 2016

In this research, a new 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized by many heterocyclic reactions. Starting from (2, 5 – dimercapto -1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole) a variety of derivatives have been synthesis. Compound (1) was synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with carbon disulphide in absolute ethanol. The compound (1) was reacted with 1, 2-dibromoethane in presence of alkali ethanol to give the compound (2). The compound (3) was formed from the reaction of compound (2) with hydrazine hydrate. Schiff base (4) was obtained by reacting of compound (3) with the compound (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde) in absolute ethanol. A variety of phenolic Schiff base (Methylolic, Etheric, and Epoxy) derivatives have been synthesized. Methylolic derivative was synthesized by the reaction of Schiff base (4) with formaldehyde in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Etheric derivative was formed from the reaction of a methylolic Schiff base (5) with saturated alcohol (Methanol).Epoxy derivative was synthesized by the reaction of epichlorohydrine with etheric derivative (6) .The last step of this research was the preparation of a composite material from mixing the Epoxy resin derivative(7), TiO2and morpholine via ring opening. All these derivatives were verified by using (FT-IR, UV) spectra photometer and 1H-NMR spectra. Also, these derivatives were characterized using elemental analysis (C.H.N.S) .
Synthesis, Characterization of some New 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole derivatives based on 4- amino benzoic acid
Authors: Al-Zobaydi Shatha F. , Karim Bushra , Al-Sahib Sanaa A. , Ismael Ban Dha.
Published: December 2016

In this research various of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole (Schiff base, oxo-thiazolidine , and other compounds) were synthesized from 2,5-di(4,4?- amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole ) which use quently synthesized from mixture of 4-amino benzoic acid and hydrazine in the presence of polyphosphorus acid. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using some Spectral data (UV, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR).
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Nucleoside Analogues from Substituted Benzimidazole via 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
Authors: Al-Mouamin Thanaa M. , Kadhim Ahmed Kh.
Published: December 2016

This paper includes the synthesis of some new nucleoside analogues starting with 2-substituted benzimidazole derivative (7-9), that synthesized by condensation of O-phenylenediamine with p-chloro benzaldehyde and two substituted benzoic acid , which on nucleophilic substitution with propargyl bromide gave a new N-substituted compounds (10-12). D-Fructose and D-galactose were chosen as a sugar moiety which were protected, brominated and azotated to give azido sugars (5) and (6), then they were subjected to 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with N-substuted compounds afforded bloked nucleoside analoges (13-16), which after hydrolysis gave our target the free nucleoside analogues (17-20).
All prepared compounds were identified by FT-IR and some of them with 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
Synthesis of New Some Imidazole Derivatives Containing ?-Lactam Ring
Authors: Askar Firyal Waly , Ali Rana Abid , Al-Mouamin Thanaa Mahdi
Published: December 2016

In this work 5-methylene-yl - (2-methy –oxazole-4-one) (1H) imidazole (1) were synthesized from the reaction of L-Histidine with acetic anhydride and which converted to the of 5-methylene-yl-(2-methyl 3-amino imidazole-4-one)-1H-imidazole (2) by reaction with hydrazine hydrate. Schiff bases (3-6) were synthesized from the reaction of compound (2) with different aromatic aldehyde. Reaction of compounds (3-6) with chloroacetyl chloride gives azetidinone one derivatives (7-10). These compounds were characterized by FT-IR and some of them with 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis and Evaluation Antibacterial Activity of Some New Substituted 5-Bromoisatin Containing Five, Six Heterocyclic Ring
Authors: Al-Majidi Suaad M. H. , Al-Adhami Huda J. A.
Published: December 2016

This research includes the synthesis of some new different heterocyclic derivatives of 5-Bromoisatin. New sulfonylamide, diazine, oxazole, thiazole and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of 5-Bromoisatin have been synthesized. The synthesis process started by the reaction of 5-Bromoisatin with different reagents to obtain schiff bases of 5-Bromoisatin intermediate compounds(1, 8, 19) by using glacial acetic acid as a catalyst in three routes. The first route, 5-Bromoisatin reacted with p-aminosulfonylchloride to product compound(1), then converted to sulfonyl amide derivatives(2-7) by the reaction of compound(1) with different substituted primary aromatic amine in absolute ethanol. The second route includes the reaction of 5-Bromoisatin reacted with ethyl glycinate to give 5-bromo-3-(Ethyl imino acetate)-2-oxo indole(8), which undergo react with hydrazine hydrate 80% to obtain hydrazine derivatives(9) that react with different acid anhydrides to obtain diazine derivatives(10-14). Also compound(8) reacts with urea and thiourea to give compounds(15,16) which undergo cyclization with p-bromophenacylbromide in absolute ethanol as a solvent to obtain oxazole (17) and thiazole (18), respectively. The third route included the reaction of 5-Bromoisatin with p-phenylenediamine in ethanol to obtain compound(19) which is converted to new substitutes 1,2,3-triazole derivatives(22,23) by diazotation of compound(19) and treating the resulted salt(20) with sodium azid, then acetylaceton or ethylacetoacetate, respectively. Newly synthesized compounds were identified by spectral methods. (FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and measurements of some of its physical properties and also some specific reactions. Furthermore the effects of the synthesized compounds were studied on some strains of bacteria.
Use of bauxite for enhanced removal of bacteria in slow sand filters
Authors: Urfer Daniel
Published: December 2016

Slow sand filtration (SSF) is a well-known process for drinking water treatment and is widely used for the production of biologically stable drinking water and particle removal. The removal process of particles and microorganisms is highly dependent on the buildup of the schmutzdecke at the filter surface. During the ripening period and especially for cold waters, the buildup of the schmutzdecke may take several months until such filters are biologically mature and at steady-state regarding their removal performance for particles and microorganisms. In order to improve the performance of SSF in terms of the removal of bacteria, e.g. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus, pilot tests using natural bauxite as a filter media have been performed. The results showed a significant improvement in bacteria retention within the filter bed of a second-stage slow sand filter containing different depths of bauxite.
Sewage sludge as fertiliser – environmental assessment of storage and land application options
Authors: Willén A. , Junestedt C. , Rodhe L. , Pell M. , Jönsson H.
Published: December 2016

Sewage sludge (SS) contains beneficial plant nutrients and organic matter, and therefore application of SS on agricultural land helps close nutrient loops. However, spreading operations are restricted to certain seasons and hence the SS needs to be stored. Storage and land application of SS are both potential sources of greenhouse gases and ammonia, leading to global warming, acidification and eutrophication. Covering the stored SS, treating it with urea and choosing the correct time for land application all have the potential to reduce emissions from the system. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), this study compares storage and land application options of SS in terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential, eutrophication potential and primary energy use. The system with covered storage has the lowest impact of all categories. Systems with autumn application are preferable to spring application for all impact categories but, when nitrate leaching is considered, spring application is preferable in terms of eutrophication and primary energy use and, for some SS treatments, GWP. Ammonia addition reduces nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions during storage, but increases these emissions after land application. Storage duration has a large impact on GWP, while amount of chemical nitrogen fertiliser substituted has a large impact on primary energy use.
Diversidad vegetal a lo largo de un gradiente de perturbación en un ecosistema semi-árido en el Centro de México
Authors: Ramírez-Bravo Osvaldo Eric , Hernández-Santin Lorna
Published: December 2016

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La fragmentación del hábitat y otras alteraciones humanas pueden causar la pérdida de fertilidad del suelo, erosión y la pérdida de biodiversidad, entre otras; sin embargo, la información en zonas áridas es limitada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los efectos de un gradiente de disturbio en la composición de especies en dos tipos de vegetación en un ecosistema semi-árido del centro de México.Métodos: Se seleccionaron seis zonas de estudio diferentes en la zona de Cerro Colorado, tres de matorral xerófilo y tres de bosque tropical caducifolio. Se determinó la diversidad genérica y específica utilizando 10 cuadrantes (un total de 60), localizados al azar, durante los meses de mayo-junio de 2011. Se generó un índice de perturbación basado en las actividades que se registraron en la región como pastoreo y tala, entre otros. Las áreas de alto, medio y bajo disturbio se identificaron en el matorral xerófilo y bosque tropical caducifolio.Resultados clave: Los resultados mostraron que el bosque tropical caducifolio es más diverso que el matorral xerófilo, además de que es posible utilizar a los arbustos Cnidoscolus tehuacanensis y Mimosa luisana como indicadores, ya que se encontraban en lugares con altos niveles de perturbación. Por otro lado, en el bosque tropical caducifolio, tres géneros (Thevetia, Acacia y Bursera) presentan altas abundancias relativas en lugares conservados, mientras que en el matorral xerófilo solo uno (Parkinsonia) tiene este patrón.Conclusiones: De los resultados se puede inferir que en hábitats semiáridos del Centro de México las actividades antropogénicas juegan un papel importante en la diversidad florística, ya que facilitan el establecimiento de algunas plantas nativas que pueden ser consideradas como colonizadoras. Estas pueden ser utilizadas como indicadoras de los disturbios con la finalidad de determinar la viabilidad de hábitat para otros taxa.
Germinación y frecuencia de esporofitos de dos especies simpátricas de Blechnum (Blechnaceae)
Authors: López-Romero Juan Manuel , Riaño Karolina , Briones Oscar
Published: December 2016

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La luz y el agua son recursos que limitan la germinación y el crecimiento de las plantas en los bosques, y el establecimiento influye importantemente en la distribución de las especies. Por tal razón se evaluó si los helechos simpátricos Blechnum appendiculatum y B. schiedeanum (Blechnaceae) difieren en la preferencia de hábitat y si los requerimientos en la germinación podrían ayudar a explicar su distribución en un bosque mesófilo de montaña.Métodos: Las esporas se expusieron a tratamientos de calidad de luz, cantidad de luz y potencial hídrico. También se registró la frecuencia de esporofitos de ambas especies y la proporción de luz recibida en el bosque.Resultados clave: Ambas especies no germinaron en oscuridad y pocas esporas lo hicieron con luz rojo-lejana, en comparación con luz roja y blanca. El brote de la espora aumentó con la cantidad de luz recibida, y 0.04 µmol m-2 s-1 de luz fue suficiente para que en ambas especies éste fuese mayor a 60%. La disminución en la disponibilidad de agua redujo la germinación, pero B. appendiculatum mostró mayor capacidad para soportar la escasez hídrica a -1.05 MPa. En ambientes con dosel relativamente cerrado fue abundante B. schiedeanum, mientras que B. appendiculatum ocurrió con mayor frecuencia en ambientes abiertos.Conclusiones: Los requerimientos para la germinación de la espora se relacionaron parcialmente con la preferencia del hábitat de las especies. Blechnum schiedeanum parece ser más tolerante a la sombra que B. appendiculatum.
Long-Term Outcomes and Discard Rate of Kidneys by Decade of Extended Criteria Donor Age
Authors: Messina Maria , Diena Davide , Dellepiane Sergio , Guzzo Gabriella , Lo Sardo Luca , Fop Fabrizio , Segoloni Giuseppe P. , Amoroso Antonio , Magistroni Paola , Biancone Luigi
Published: December 2016

Background and objectives

Extended criteria donors represent nowadays a main resource for kidney transplantation, and recovery criteria are becoming increasingly inclusive. However, the limits of this approach are not clear as well as the effects of extreme donor ages on long-term kidney transplantation outcomes. To address these issues, we performed a retrospective study on extended criteria donor kidney transplantation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In total, 647 consecutive extended criteria donor kidney transplantations performed over 11 years (2003–2013) were included. Donor, recipient, and procedural variables were classified according to donor age decades (group A, 50–59 years old [n=91]; group B, 60–69 years old [n=264]; group C, 70–79 years old [n=265]; and group D, ≥80 years old [n=27]). Organs were allocated in single- or dual-kidney transplantation after a multistep evaluation including clinical and histologic criteria. Long-term outcomes and main adverse events were analyzed among age groups and in either single- or dual-kidney transplantation. Kidney discard rate incidence and causes were evaluated.

Results

Median follow-up was 4.9 years (25th; 75th percentiles: 2.7; 7.6 years); patient and graft survival were comparable among age groups (5-year patient survival: group A, 87.8%; group B, 88.1%; group C, 88.0%; and group D, 90.1%; P=0.77; graft survival: group A, 74.0%; group B, 74.2%; group C, 75.2%; and group D, 65.9%; P=0.62) and between dual-kidney transplantation and single-kidney transplantation except for group D, with a better survival for dual-kidney transplantation (P=0.04). No difference was found analyzing complications incidence or graft function over time. Kidney discard rate was similar in groups A, B, and C (15.4%, 17.7%, and 20.1%, respectively) and increased in group D (48.2%; odds ratio, 5.1 with A as the reference group; 95% confidence interval, 2.96 to 8.79).

Conclusions

Discard rate and long-term outcomes are similar among extended criteria donor kidney transplantation from donors ages 50–79 years old. Conversely, discard rate was strikingly higher among kidneys from octogenarian donors, but appropriate selection provides comparable long-term outcomes, with better graft survival for dual-kidney transplantation.
Wittgenstein’s transcendental deduction and Kant’s private language argument
Authors: Leslie Stevenson
Published: December 2016

Translated by Vyacheslav Tsyba from: Stevenson, L. Wittgenstein’s Transcendental Deduction and Kant’s Private Language Argument. Kant-Studien, 73(3), 1982, 321-337. https://doi.org/10.1515/kant.1982.73.1-4.321.Scientific editing and translation of quotations from the German realized by Ivan Ivashchenko.Text translated and published with the personal consent of the author.
APLIKASI PEMBAYARAN SEWA STUDIO MUSIK 99 BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Saefullah Asep , Nurhidayah Indra
Published: December 2016

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempermudah staff administrasi dalam melakukan pembayaran sewa studio musik 99 dan melakukan perubahan yang inovatif yaitu dengan melakukan perubahan berupa perancangan sistem basis data berupa aplikasi pembayaran berbasis web sebagai sarana pengefektifan kinerja petugas staff administrasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pengumpulan data dengan cara studi pustaka atau tinjauan pustaka, metode perancangan database dengan menggunakan metode DBLC (database life cycle) yaitu perancangan konseptual yang dibuat menggunakan UML (Unified Modelling Language). Sedangkan metode perancangan sistem yang digunakan adalah metode SDLC (software development life cycle) yaitu metode waterfall yang terdiri dari Analysis, Design, Code, dan Test. Pengujian menggunakan metode black box, sistem telah bekerja sesuai rancangan,setiap kesalahan yang dilakukan saat pengisian form akan menampilkan notifikasi penolakan. Hasil yang dicapai adalah tersedianya aplikasi pembayaran berbasis web yang mendukung kegiatan staff administrasi dalam melakukan pekerjaaannya serta membantu user dalam memperoleh informasi dengan cepat. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa dengan di rancang dan dibuatnya aplikasi pembayaran berbasis web ini untuk membantu admin studio dalam menjalankan penyewaan studio berbasis web secara GUI (Graphical User Interface) agar dapat mempermudah admin dalam menjalankan aplikasi.
SISTEM PENGUKURAN ENERGI LISTRIK DIGITAL DILENGKAPI DENGAN TAMPILAN BIAYA PENGGUNAAN BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA8535
Authors: Andrian Yudhi
Published: December 2016

ABSTRAKSI

Sistem kWh meter merupakan suatu alat ukur pemakaian listrik yang banyak dipakai baik dilingkungan perumahan, perkantoran maupun industri. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengembangan KWH meter digital yang dilengkapi dengan tampilan daya dan biaya penggunaan. Sistem pengukur energi listrik ini dibuat dengan menghitung putaran piringan KWH meter analog yang telah diberi tanda hitam kemudian dideteksi dengan sensor. Adanya beban pada input akan menyebabkan piringan berputar sesuai dengan besarnya daya input. Saat sinar infra merah mengenai permukaan hitam, maka sinar tidak akan dipantulkan, namun saat sinar mengenai permukaan putih, maka sinar akan dipantulkan. Pantulan sinar akan mengenai fotodioda dan sinar tersebut akan dikuatkan kemudian dikirimkan ke mikrokontroller dalam bentuk sinyal digital dengan logika low. sebaliknya saat mengenai permukaan hitam, maka rangkaian penguat akan mengirimkan logika high ke mikrokontroller. Perubahan logika low menjadi high dikenali oleh mikrokontroller sebagai 1 putaran lempengan. Banyaknya putaran akan dikalikan dengan bilangan tertentu untuk menghasilkan daya pemakaian dan biaya pemakaian. Dari hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa satu putaran penuh pada piringan adalah 1 Watt. Beban input yang memiliki nilai daya yang besar, akan menyebabkan putaran piringan pada KWH meter semakin cepat.
Sistem Pakar Penelusuran Bakteri Chlamydia Trachomatis Menggunakan Forward Chaining
Authors: Puspita Khairani , Sanjaya Andi , Ummi Khairul
Published: December 2016

Sistem pakar ini diterapkan untuk mendiagnosa penyakit yang diakibat bakteri Chlamydia Trachomatis. Sistem pakar ini menggunakan mesin inferensi runut maju (Forward Chaining). Penalaran dilakukan berdasarkan dari gejala-gejala baik yang tampak secara fisik terhadap pasien. Dari gejala-gejala tersebut kemudian dibuat rule-rule yang akan diterapkan ke dalam mesin inferensi untuk mengetahui penyakit apa yang dialami oleh pasien. Hasil program ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pakar dapat dipergunakan sebagai suatu media yang dapat memberikan informasi dan konsultasi tentang bakteri Chlamydia Trachomatis, dan cara menghindarinya. Sistem pakar ini dapat digunakan untuk mempercepat pencarian dan pengaksesan terhadap pengetahuan oleh orang-orang yang membutuhkan informasi.
Local governance and corruption: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Taufiq , Trinugroho Irwan , Prabowo Muhammad Agung , Sutaryo Sutaryo , Muhtar Muhtar
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the impact of local governance on corruption in the context of Indonesia after the decentralization policy which has been implemented following the institutional reforms after the economic damage and political crisis at the end of 1990s. More specifically, we investigate whether poor governance leads to higher non-compliance cases of local government, which can be considered as a proxy for corruption and rent seeking behaviors as a whole. We use data for 446 regions at the municipal/ district level over the 2008-2010 period. Controlling for some regional factors, we confirm that poor governance leads to higher non-compliant cases either number of cases or their amount. No difference effect is found between financially distress and non-distress regions. Our findings also reveal that there is no empirical evidence on the effect of corruption on economic growth. The Indonesian economy has continued to grow in recent years, during and after the global financial crisis, as huge domestic consumption props up growth even though corruption might have reduced private and local government investments. Promoting good local governance should be continued in many aspects as good governance mechanism, especially building a strong internal control system, could minimize the possibility of local officers in such regions engaging in corrupt behavior
Pricing of IPOs: further evidence from South Africa
Authors: Dutta Anupam , Dutta Probal
Published: December 2016

We examine the long-term performance of 225 IPOs listed on the Johannesburg Securities Index (JSE) during the period from 1996 to 2006. The buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR) method and the calendar time portfolio (CTP) approach have been employed to measure the long-run performance of IPO stocks. The findings reveal that IPOs are highly underpriced when the abnormal returns are estimated by BHAR methodology. However, the use of control firm approach instead of market index for measuring abnormal performances significantly reduces the magnitude of this underpricing reported in previous studies on South African IPO stocks. Our major contribution to the literature is that we apply –for the first time- the calendar time portfolio approach to assess the aftermarket performance of IPOs listed on the JSE. In addition, we use control firm approach instead of market index to estimate the abnormal returns. These are the two significant cases which were not documented in previous research on measuring long-term performance of South African IPO stocks
Corporate governance and earnings management: Empirical evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Okougbo Peace Onuwabhagbe , Okike Elewechi
Published: December 2016

This study contributes to the literature by providing a sub-Saharan African economy perspective on the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management, based on evidence produced from the accounts of listed companies in one of Africa’s largest economies, Nigeria. Using the Modified Jones model to estimate the discretionary accruals, the study examines whether CEO duality, board size and audit committee independence are able to restrain earnings management practices in the private sector in Nigeria. The results reveal there is a positive significant relationship between the size of the board, return on assets and earnings management. The study proposes that policy makers ensure that firms practise maintaining increasing levels of profits and desist from making losses so as to preclude downward management of earnings. This is essential in the current drive to attract foreign investments into the Nigerian economy.
Re-examination of sales promotion effectiveness: A descriptive approach
Authors: Adefulu Adesoga , Van Scheers Louise
Published: December 2016

The research focuses on sales promotion effectiveness in Coca- Cola and 7UP Soft Drink Companies in Lagos, Nigeria. The study is important because of the observable huge budget on sales promotion in the industry. The study adopted survey research design using structured questionnaire. The mean and percentage value of the respondents were used to analyze data. Findings showed sales promotion enhanced sales growth, differentiates products from competitors and advertising efficiency decline did not increase sales promotion useage. The study concluded that sales promotion is a veritable tool to achieve marketing promotion objectives.The study contributed to the wholesomeness of sales promotion theory with right track assurance to marketing practitioners.To have competitive edge, managers by implication must appreciate sales promotion potency.