bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between individual, social and national coping resources and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands
Authors: Super Sabina , Pijpker Roald , Polhuis Kristel
Published: September 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has a potential negative impact on mental health. Adopting the salutogenic model of health, this study examined the predictive value of personal (sense of coherence), social (social support, trust in institutions), and national (sense of national coherence) resources for mental health in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants and procedure

An online survey was administered in the Netherlands (N = 622) in April 2020. A multiple regression analysis was performed to test the predictive value of the resources for mental health.

Results

Mental health was significantly predicted by the sense of coherence, social support and sense of national co-herence, but not by trust in institutions. The results showed that personal and social resources were most strongly related to mental health.

Conclusions

The results suggest that mental health is predicted by various resources. Hence, strengthening resources seems vital in promoting mental health in times of crisis.
How can additional ultrasonography screening improve the detection of occult breast cancer in women with dense breasts?
Authors: Pishdad Parisa , Moosavi Ameneh , Jalli Reza , Zarei Fariba , Saeedi-Moghadam Mahdi , Zeinali-Rafsanjani Banafsheh
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Although mammography is a gold standard for breast cancer screening, the number of cancers that cannot be detected with mammography is substantial, especially in dense-breast (DB) women. Breast sonography can be a useful and powerful screening tool in these cases. The aim of this study is to assess the application of whole-breast sonography in the evaluation of breast lesions in women with DB tissue and estimate its accuracy in comparison with mammography.

Material and methods

A total of 207 asymptomatic DB women participated in this study. The breast tissue density was assessed using ACR BI-RADS. Patients underwent high-resolution ultrasonography of the breast in addition to physical examination and mammography. Different risk factors were also assessed.

Results

152 of 207 (73.4%) cases who had mammography performed had DB, and 55 (26.6%) cases had very dense breasts (very DBs). None of the cases had a positive history of malignancy, while 19% of them had a positive history of breast cancer in first- or second-degree relatives.

Conclusions

All findings were higher in cases with DB compared to very DBs except for fibroadenoma, which was detected more in cases with very DBs. Our study showed that the prevalence of different breast lesions had a significant relationship with the density of the breast. In our study, 48.3% of the cases were diagnosed with a lesion in their sonography result, although 81.0% of them were benign lesions, and the other 19.0% needed follow-up or biopsy evaluation. A substantial number of mammographically occult breast lesions, either benign or malignant, could be detected by ultrasound in DB tissue.
Hygiene – gold standard not only in prevention of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara
Published: September 2020

During education at medical schools students neglect the subject entitled ‘hygiene’. In the era of coronavirus induced disease (COVID-19) it makes sense to recall the rules of hygiene established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be used universally.
The aim of this article is to review the methods and indications for hand hygiene.
Documents issued by WHO and publications related to the topic were reviewed.
There are two methods of hand hygiene: hand washing with soap and water and hand disinfection with alcohol-based formulas. Adherence to the standards are below 40%.
Conclusion: hand hygiene is a mandatory procedure for all healthcare workers worldwide. Lack of adherence to hygienic procedures, overpopulation, intensive migration and low herd immunity increase the risk of epidemic of infectious diseases
Blood calprotectin in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: relationship to flare development after discontinuation of treatment
Authors: Boyko Yaryna , Ivanova Viktoriia , Vakaruk Maryna , Kozina Tamila , Shevchenko Nataliia , Vaizer Nataliia , Synoverska Olha , Chubata Oksana , Marchuk Olha , Havrylyuk Anna
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The study aim was to prospectively evaluate the relationship between disease flare development in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after discontinuation of treatment and serum calprotectin levels (MRP8/14).

Material and methods

Determination of blood serum level of calprotectin was performed in
54 patients with inactive JIA from various regions of Ukraine. The inclusion criterion was the existence of an inactive state of the disease in children with JIA for at least 6 months. During 1 week after blood sampling for determination of serum calprotectin (MRP8/14) level the patients were completely discontinued of all therapy. Determination of calprotectin level in blood serum was performed with reagents EK-MRP8/14 Buhlmann (MRP8/14; S100A8/9), Switzerland, using the ELISA method.

Results

The trial results showed that 3 months after discontinuation of treatment in patients with inactive JIA, the flares developed in 5 out of 54 patients (9.3%). The median calprotectin level before discontinuation of the treatment was 1,700 ng/ml in patients who developed a flare, and 1,500 ng/ml in other studied patients (not statistically significant). At 6 months, the flare had developed in an additional 3 out of 48 (6.3%) of patients, who continued to be followed up, while their median calprotectin serum levels were 1,300 ng/ml and 1,500 ng/ml respectively (not statistically significant). At 12 months, the flares had developed in 13 more out of 45 (28.9%) patients, who continued to be followed up, while the median calprotectin serum level in these patients before discontinuation of treatment was 1,100 ng/ml and 1,650 ng/ml respectively (not statistically significant).

Conclusion

After discontinuation of treatment a flare over the next year of follow-up developed in 38.9% of patients. The study results did not reveal a significant difference in calprotectin level in patients with JIA prior to complete discontinuation of treatment who developed a flare and those without a flare after 3, 6 and 12 months.
Work instability and associated factors among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Greater Poland
Authors: Schmidt Wiktor , Tąpolska Małgorzata , Pawlak-Buś Katarzyna , Owczarek Magdalena , Leszczyński Piotr
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects patients’ capacity to work. The Rheumatoid Arthritis Work Instability Scale (RA-WIS) is a reliable method to measure work instability (WI) (1–3). We lack data on the relationship between RA and work instability among Polish patients. Our study aimed to assess WI and associated factors among patients with RA.

Material and methods

The authors conducted a multi-centre cross-sectional observational study. 315 patients from three rheumatology centres were enrolled and filled in questionnaires, including demographic and self-reported clinical data, RA-WIS, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Swollen and tender joint counts (SJC, TJC) were assessed by the attending physician, and current erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected. We excluded 41 patients due to an incorrectly filled in form and analysed questionnaires of 274 patients. DAS28 (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints) and DAS28-CRP were calculated. We performed statistical analysis with Statistica v. 13.3 using the Mann-Whitney U test, 2 test, and Spearman’s correlation.

Results

140 (51%) patients were currently employed and their characteristics were analysed. In univariable analysis we identified the following risk factors for high risk WI: moderate-to-high disease activity (DAS28 ≥ 3.2 – OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.06–4.96, p = 0.033; DAS28-CRP ≥ 3.2 – OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.04–5.27, p = 0.038), ESR ≥ 30 mm/h in women and ≥ 20 mm/h in men (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.20–5.89, p = 0.010), CRP ≥ 1 mg/dl (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.78–9.10, p < 0.001), HAQ-DI > 1.0 (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.04–4.81, p = 0.037) and at least moderate pain on the visual analogue scale (VAS p ≥ 4.5 cm – OR 5.31, 95% CI 2.36–11.96, p < 0.001).
Correlations were moderate between RA-WIS and VASp (RS = 0.59, p < 0.001) and HAQ-DI (RS = 0.52, p < 0.001) but weak with disease activity indices (DAS28 [RS = 0.31, p < 0.001]; DAS28-CRP [RS = 0.28, p < 0.001]).

Conclusions

Pain and disability are the main factors strongly associated with work instability among patients with RA.
Modified frailty index as a predictor of the long-term functional result in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Pulik Łukasz , Jaśkiewicz Kaja , Sarzyńska Sylwia , Małdyk Paweł , Łęgosz Paweł
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a well-approved method for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Due to rising life expectancy, elderly patients burdened with multimorbidity are subjected to THA. Some of these patients present significant depletion of physiological reserves, which is described as the frailty syndrome. This study aims to assess the influence of frailty on the THA outcomes in OA patients.

Material and methods

A single-center observational study was conducted to investigate the effect of frailty measured by the modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5) and modified frailty index-11 (mFI-11) on the long-term post-THA outcomes. The analysis included 597 initially screened patients subjected to unilateral, primary THA due to hip OA. The outcomes were assessed during a follow-up visit 3 years after THA. The primary outcome measures were patient-reported (the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index – WOMAC) and physician-reported scales (the Harris Hip Score – HHS). The secondary outcome measures were the length of hospital stay (LOS), pain complaints, complications, and satisfaction. A correlation analysis was performed (Spearman’s R).

Results

Three hundred sixty-five patients met the eligibility criteria, including 57.26% women (n = 209) and 42.74% men (n = 156). The mean age was 65.11 ±12.12 years. Patients with high values of mFI-5 (r = 0.19; p < 0.05) and mFI-11 (r = 0.22; p < 0.01) achieved less satisfactory functional outcomes after THA (WOMAC). After age adjustment, mFI-11 (r = 0.17; p < 0.05) was a better predictor of functional outcome (WOMAC) than mFI-5 was (r = 0.15; p = 0.07). The mFI-5 (r = 0.25; p < 0.001) and mFI-11 (r = 0.29; p < 0.001) correlated with longer LOS.

Conclusions

The modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5) and modified frailty index-11 (mFI-11) are useful tools to identify patients subjected to THA at a high risk of poor functioning after the procedure. They can be used in preoperative counseling before obtaining informed consent to support surgical decision-making. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the impact of the mFI on long-term postoperative functional results in OA treated with THA.
Impact of IL-34, IFN-α and IFN-λ1 on activity of systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian patients
Authors: Adel Yasmin , Sadeq Yousra
Published: September 2020

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, multi-system inflammatory disease. Among cytokines involved in SLE pathogenesis, interferons (particularly IFN-α) and interleukin 34 play a pivotal role. Interestingly, the gene signatures of type III (IFN-λ1) and type I IFNs may overlap. Increased levels of IFN-λ also have been reported in SLE.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess serum levels of IL-34, IFN-λ1, IFN-α and the relationship between these cytokines and clinical and laboratory parameters and response to treatment in a cohort of Egyptian SLE patients.

Material and methods

The study included 82 newly diagnosed SLE patients: male 17.1% (n = 14), female 82.9% (n = 68), mean age ±SD: 48.6 ±8.2 and 60 healthy subjects matched by age and gender as a control group. Medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests for confirming SLE diagnosis and assessment of disease activity were collected. The assessment of serum levels of studied cytokines were performed using the ELISA method.
All studied patients after first cytokine evaluation were treated with a combination of antimalarial drugs, glucocorticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs with follow-up after six months of treatment.

Results

In the SLE group the mean serum levels of IL-34, IFN-α and IFN-λ1 were 175.9 ±125.9 pg/ml, 109.3 ±32.5 pg/ml and 227.9 ±144.8 pg/ml respectively. These cytokine levels were significantly higher in the SLE group than in healthy controls. 39% of SLE patients (n = 32) had SLAM > 6 and 26.8% (n = 22) had SLEDAI >6. There were 21 SLE patients (25.6%) with lupus nephritis.
IL-34 and IFN-λ1 were positively correlated with anti-dsDNA antibodies but negatively correlated with C3 complement component (p ≤ 0.05). IL-34, INF-α and IFN-λ1 were significantly higher in lupus nephritis patients, and correlated with poorest response to treatment.
IL-34 and IFN-λ1 were correlated with higher SLAM > 6 and SLEDAI > 6 results; there was no such correlation between IFN-α and disease activity.
Accumulation of three or more clinical features during follow-up was significantly associated with high levels of studied cytokines. Triple high positivity was found in 17 patients (20.7%) and correlated with presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies, low levels of C3 component of complement and lupus nephritis.
Magnetic field fluctuation properties of coronal mass ejection-driven sheath regions in the near-Earth solar wind
Authors: Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Fontaine Dominique , Good Simon W. , Ala-Lahti Matti , Osmane Adnane , Palmerio Erika , Yordanova Emiliya , Moissard Clement , Hadid Lina Z. , Janvier Miho
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In this work, we investigate magnetic field fluctuations in three coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven sheath regions at 1 AU, with their speeds ranging from slow to fast. The data set we use consists primarily of high-resolution (0.092 s) magnetic field measurements from the Wind spacecraft. We analyse magnetic field fluctuation amplitudes, compressibility, and spectral properties of fluctuations. We also analyse intermittency using various approaches; we apply the partial variance of increments (PVIs) method, investigate probability distribution functions of fluctuations, including their skewness and kurtosis, and perform a structure function analysis. Our analysis is conducted separately for three different subregions within the sheath and one in the solar wind ahead of it, each 1 h in duration. We find that, for all cases, the transition from the solar wind ahead to the sheath generates new fluctuations, and the intermittency and compressibility increase, while the region closest to the ejecta leading edge resembled the solar wind ahead. The spectral indices exhibit large variability in different parts of the sheath but are typically steeper than Kolmogorov's in the inertial range. The structure function analysis produced generally the best fit with the extended p model, suggesting that turbulence is not fully developed in CME sheaths near Earth's orbit. Both Kraichnan–Iroshinikov and Kolmogorov's forms yielded high intermittency but different spectral slopes, thus questioning how well these models can describe turbulence in sheaths. At the smallest timescales investigated, the spectral indices indicate shallower than expected slopes in the dissipation range (between −2 and −2.5), suggesting that, in CME-driven sheaths at 1 AU, the energy cascade from larger to smaller scales could still be ongoing through the ion scale. Many turbulent properties of sheaths (e.g. spectral indices and compressibility) resemble those of the slow wind rather than the fast. They are also partly similar to properties reported in the terrestrial magnetosheath, in particular regarding their intermittency, compressibility, and absence of Kolmogorov's type turbulence. Our study also reveals that turbulent properties can vary considerably within the sheath. This was particularly the case for the fast sheath behind the strong and quasi-parallel shock, including a small, coherent structure embedded close to its midpoint. Our results support the view of the complex formation of the sheath and different physical mechanisms playing a role in generating fluctuations in them.
Modern calibration of Poa flabellata (tussac grass) as a new paleoclimate proxy in the South Atlantic
Authors: Groff Dulcinea V. , Williams David G. , Gill Jacquelyn L.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Terrestrial paleoclimate records are rare in the South
Atlantic, limiting opportunities to provide a prehistoric context for
current global changes. The tussock grass, Poa flabellata, grows abundantly along the
coasts of the Falkland Islands and other subantarctic islands. It forms
extensive peat records, providing a promising opportunity to reconstruct
high-resolution regional climate records. The isotopic composition of leaf
and root tissues deposited in these peats has the potential to record
variation in precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity over time,
but these relationships are unknown for P. flabellata. Here, we measured the isotopic
composition of P. flabellata and precipitation and explore relationships with seasonal
temperature and humidity variations across four study locations in the Falkland
Islands. We reveal that inter-seasonal differences in carbon and oxygen
stable isotopes of leaf α-cellulose of living P. flabellata correlated with
monthly mean temperature and relative humidity. The carbon isotope
composition of leaf α-cellulose (δ13Cleaf) records
the balance of CO2 supply through stomata and the demand by
photosynthesis. The positive correlation between δ13Cleaf
and temperature and negative correlation between δ13Cleaf and relative humidity suggest that photosynthetic demand
for CO2 relative to stomatal supply is enhanced when conditions are
warm and dry. Further, the positive correlation between δ13Cleaf and δ18Oleaf (r=0.88; p<0.001; n=24) indicates that stomatal closure during warm dry periods
explains seasonal variation in δ13Cleaf. We observed
significant differences between winter and summer seasons for both δ18Oleaf and δ13Cleaf and among study locations
for δ18Oleaf but not δ13Cleaf. δ18O values of monthly composite precipitation were similar between
seasons and among study locations, yet characteristic of the latitudinal
origin of storm tracks and seasonal winds. The weak correlation between
δ18O in monthly composite precipitation and δ18Oleaf further suggests that relative humidity is the main
driver of the δ18Oleaf. The oxygen isotopes in root
α-cellulose did not reflect, or only partially reflected (at one
study location), the δ18O in precipitation. Overall, this study
supports the use of peat records formed by P. flabellata to fill a significant gap in
our knowledge of the long-term trends in Southern Hemisphere climate
dynamics.
Can machine learning improve the model representation of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in the boundary layer for complex terrain?
Authors: Bodini Nicola , Lundquist Julie K. , Optis Mike
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Current turbulence parameterizations in numerical weather prediction models at the mesoscale assume a local equilibrium between production and dissipation of turbulence. As this assumption does not hold at fine horizontal resolutions, improved ways to represent turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate (ϵ) are needed. Here, we use a 6-week data set of turbulence measurements from 184 sonic anemometers in complex terrain at the Perdigão field campaign to suggest improved representations of dissipation rate. First, we demonstrate that the widely used Mellor, Yamada, Nakanishi, and Niino (MYNN) parameterization of TKE dissipation rate leads to a large inaccuracy and bias in the representation of ϵ. Next, we assess the potential of machine-learning techniques to predict TKE dissipation rate from a set of atmospheric and terrain-related features. We train and test several machine-learning algorithms using the data at Perdigão, and we find that the models eliminate the bias MYNN currently shows in representing ϵ, while also reducing the average error by up to almost 40 %. Of all the variables included in the algorithms, TKE is the variable responsible for most of the variability of ϵ, and a strong positive correlation exists between the two. These results suggest further consideration of machine-learning techniques to enhance parameterizations of turbulence in numerical weather prediction models.
Modelling mineral dust emissions and atmospheric dispersion with MADE3 in EMAC v2.54
Authors: Beer Christof G. , Hendricks Johannes , Righi Mattia , Heinold Bernd , Tegen Ina , Groß Silke , Sauer Daniel , Walser Adrian , Weinzierl Bernadett
Published: September 2020

Abstract. It was hypothesized that using mineral dust emission climatologies in global chemistry climate models (GCCMs), i.e. prescribed monthly-mean dust emissions representative of a specific year, may lead to misrepresentations of strong dust burst events. This could result in a negative bias of model dust concentrations compared to observations for these episodes.
Here, we apply the aerosol microphysics submodel MADE3 (Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe, adapted for global applications, third generation) as part of the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model. We employ two different representations of mineral dust emissions for our model simulations: (i) a prescribed monthly-mean climatology of dust emissions representative of the year 2000 and (ii) an online dust parametrization which calculates wind-driven mineral dust emissions at every model time step. We evaluate model results for these two dust representations by comparison with observations of aerosol optical depth from ground-based station data. The model results show a better agreement with the observations for strong dust burst events when using the online dust representation compared to the prescribed dust emissions setup.
Furthermore, we analyse the effect of increasing the vertical and horizontal model resolution on the mineral dust properties in our model. We compare results from simulations with T42L31 and T63L31 model resolution (2.8∘×2.8∘ and 1.9∘×1.9∘ in latitude and longitude, respectively; 31 vertical levels) with the reference setup (T42L19). The different model versions are evaluated against airborne in situ measurements performed during the SALTRACE mineral dust campaign (Saharan Aerosol Long-range Transport and Aerosol-Cloud Interaction Experiment, June–July 2013), i.e. observations of dust transported from the Sahara to the Caribbean. Results show that an increased horizontal and vertical model resolution is able to better represent the spatial distribution of airborne mineral dust, especially in the upper troposphere (above 400 hPa). Additionally, we analyse the effect of varying assumptions for the size distribution of emitted dust but find only a weak sensitivity concerning these changes. The results of this study will help to identify the model setup best suited for future studies and to further improve the representation of mineral dust particles in EMAC-MADE3.
APPLICATION OF DISTRIBUTED URBAN SENSOR NETWORKS FOR ACTIONABLE AIR QUALITY DATA
Authors: Morris E. , Liu X. , Manwar A. , Zang D. Y. , Evans G. , Brook J. , Rousseau B. , Clark C. , MacIsaac J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Ambient air pollution continues to be a major human health burden around the world. Cities with existing smart data infrastructure, and those with smart city aspirations, would benefit from the integration of real-time data from an air quality sensor network. AirSENCE™ is one such sensor which monitors eight common pollutants at low cost. It has been deployed in Canada in cities of the Greater Toronto Area, e.g. the City of Oshawa, to augment the existing urban data network and study the impacts of traffic flow and land usage on air quality. Results reveal that distributed sensors are highly useful for detecting localized pollution events that would otherwise go undetected, providing policymakers with a valuable, actionable data for protecting public health. Coupling air quality sensors with other smart city data (traffic monitors in this case) was shown to provide a more comprehensive representation of how air pollutant levels are affected by human activity, which can better inform city planning decisions.
THE USE OF 3D GEOVISUALIZATION AND CROWDSOURCING FOR OPTIMIZING ENERGY SIMULATION
Authors: Sini S. K. , Sihombing R. , Kabiro P. M. , Santhanavanich T. , Coors V.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. As the world continues in the quest to fight global warming and environmental pollution by gradually moving to renewable sources of energy, there is also a need to reduce building energy consumption by refurbishing old and historic buildings to meet the required energy standards. While this approach may differ from city to city across the globe, the refurbishment of old and historic buildings would make a significant impact. That is why it is necessary to educate building owners or occupants by simulating the existing energy consumption and proposing appropriate refurbishment strategies. Because the accuracy of energy simulation is directly proportional to the amount of data available and its reliability, there is a need to find creative ways of supplying incomplete or missing building information. The present paper describes a concept that enables individual building occupants or owners to provide this missing information. Implemented and tested with the 3D city model of Aachen, the proof-of-concept enables individual building owners or occupants to perform energy simulations based on energy information supplied.
SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PROFILE: USE CASE MODELING BASED ON SIMPLICIAL COMPLEXES
Authors: Berrou Y. , Soulier E. , Calvez P. , Birregah B. , Vidal P. , Dupont E. , Carballa B. , Blot G. , Guery M.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. According to three workshops organized as part of a study on public service delegation of data, use case definitions appeared to be a common issue for cities. To facilitate this step in city projects, one possibility is to define their profiles precisely and to compare these to their development strategies to highlight whether they are aligned, and eventually, to adjust the activities accordingly. In this context, a smart city profile model was developed based on the bibliometric analysis of smart cities in the work of (Mora and Deakin, 2019). Thereafter, a smart city model was developed based on the Smart Grid Architecture Model to aid in implementing the use cases, as presented in the work of (Gottschalk et al., 2017) and the IEC 62559-2 standard. Finally, four smart city profiles were identified and a profile characterization method was proposed using simplicial complexes. The results of the analysis of a smart city profile using this method enabled an in-depth understanding of the profile, which can aid cities in identifying new use cases to implement to be in line with their strategic development.
SMART DATA FOR SMART CITY MORPHOLOGY: THE CASE OF MERIDIA NEIGHBORHOOD IN NICE, FRANCE
Authors: Caglioni M. , Fusco G. , Venerandi A.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Nowadays, cities have to withstand multiple challenges such as climate change, increasing urban population, economic cycles, health crises, traffic congestion, rising levels of energy consumption and citizens' expectations. Recently, the smart city has been proposed as a model to face such challenges. Underneath its digital skin, which provides ubiquitous high-tech solutions, the smart city is often presented in continuity with the traditional city, while getting inspired by the modernist or international paradigm (free standing towers, high density development and functional zoning). Is this actually the case? To understand the features of urban form of new smart developments and how these relate to existing approaches in city planning, we propose a quantitative methodology to compare features of multiple city areas, which is based on the computation of a set of 3D morphometrics of the urban environment, and descriptive statistics for each metric. We applied this methodology to compare Nice Meridia, a French example of smart city development, with a traditional neighbourhood, located in the same city. Outcomes show that the smart city neighbourhood shares some morphological aspects with the traditional city, but differs significantly in other respects, showing the interest of quantitative 3D metrics.
SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT TOOLSET FOR ESTABLISHING AND ASSESSING HETEROGENEOUS PARKING PRICES IN THE SMART CITY
Authors: Fulman N. , Benenson I.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Cruising for parking stems from local mismatch between the patterns of demand and supply for parking, which reflect urban heterogeneity in a complex non-linear way. We propose ParkSage, a set of spatially-explicit algorithms for establishing spatially heterogeneous parking prices that guarantee target levels of occupation and parking search time. We apply ParkSage for establishing overnight parking prices that guarantee 85% occupation in the Israeli city of Bat Yam. We investigate the resolution of pricing units necessary for reducing cruising and demonstrate that pricing by transport analysis zones (TAZ) produces similar benefits to the commonly proposed pricing by road links, in addition to being more comprehensible to drivers.
POTENTIAL FOR URBAN GREENING WITH GREEN ROOFS: A WAY TOWARDS SMART CITIES
Authors: Joshi M. Y. , Selmi W. , Binard M. , Nys G.-A. , Teller J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Cities are experiencing increased pressure on social, economic, and environmental sectors due to the rapid urbanisation and increasing risk owing to climate change affecting the urban environment. Solutions such as green roofs are often discussed in the context of smart and sustainable cities as they present a multi-functional and solution-oriented approach to address these challenges. Green roofs become extremely relevant in the context of highly urbanised and compact cities where impervious surfaces are abundant. Therefore, in this paper, we analyse the potential of green roofs at a city scale with the help of parameters such as area and slope of the roof and structure of the building. We also identify the priority zones based on environmental and socio-economic parameters. The study is carried out in the city of Liege, Belgium. The results suggest that around 20% (350 hectares) of the total buildings in the city have the potential for developing green roofs. Moreover, the potential of green roofs is quite significant in terms of roof area in the priority zone. Due to significant socio-economic deprivation in high priority zones, implementation of green roofs might not be affordable. Buildings with larger roof sizes are mostly owned by companies or commercial establishments, thus, making larger roofs more relevant for retrofitting green roof. Thus, our approach can act as a preliminary decision-making tool for urban planners to analyse the potential of green roofs and prioritize them in deprived areas.
FLOOD-PREPARED: A NOWCASTING SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME IMPACT ADAPTION TO SURFACE WATER FLOODING IN CITIES
Authors: Barr S. L. , Johnson S. , Ming X. , Peppa M. , Dong N. , Wen Z. , Robson C. , Smith L. , James P. , Wilkinson D. , Heaps S. , Laing Q. , Xiao W. , Dawson R. , Ranjan R.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Extreme rainfall events pose an ever increasing threat to cities due to the potential for surface water flooding resulting in damage to properties and major disruption of transport systems. Modern sensor networks offer enormous potential for the real-time monitoring of urban systems and potentially allow improved situational awareness of impeding hazards and their impacts such as flooding. However, monitoring in itself is not enough if we are to be able to adapt in in real-time to hazards. Systems are required that allow analytics and models, that feed of real-time observations, to make predictions of impacts and suggest adaption options ahead of the hazard event. The Flood-PREPARED project is developing a system for real-time adaption to surface water flooding. The system comprises of advanced spatiotemporal models of rainfall, surface water flooding and road traffic impacts. These models are linked and orchestrated within into a Big Data workflow that allows events to be simulated using emerging rainfall data recorded by a short range weather radar. This approach allows nowcasting to be undertaken where predictions of surface water inundation and impacts on the road network can be predicted ahead of the rainfall event reaching the city; thus providing the ability for an improved adaptive response to the actual event.
Modelling regional glacier length changes over the last millennium using the Open Global Glacier Model
Authors: Parkes David , Goosse Hugues
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A large majority of the direct observational record for glacier changes falls within the industrial period, from the 19th century onward, associated with global glacier retreat. Given this availability of data and the significant focus in contemporary glacier modelling falling on recent retreat, glacier models are typically calibrated using – and validated with – only observations of glaciers that are considerably out of equilibrium. In order to develop a broader picture of the skill of one glacier model – the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) – we model glaciers for extended historical timescales of 850–2004 CE using a selection of six general circulation model (GCM) outputs. We select glaciers for which long-term length observations are available in order to compare these observations with the model results, and we find glaciers with such observations in almost all glacierised regions globally. In many regions, the mean modelled glacier changes are consistent with observations, with recent observed retreat in these regions typically at the steeper end of the range of modelled retreats. However, on the scale of individual glaciers, performance of the model is worse, with overall correlation between observed and modelled retreat weak for all of the GCM datasets used to force the model. We also model the same set of glaciers using modified climate time series from each of the six GCMs that keep temperature or precipitation constant, testing the impact of each individually. Temperature typically explains considerably more variance in glacier lengths than precipitation, but results suggest that the interaction between the two is also significant within OGGM and neither can be seen as a simple proxy for glacier length changes. OGGM proves capable of reproducing recent observational trends on at least a qualitative level in many regions, with a modelling period over a considerably larger timescale than it is calibrated for. Prospects are good for more widespread use of OGGM for timescales extending to the pre-industrial period, where glaciers were typically larger and experience less rapid (and less globally consistent) geometry changes, but additional calibration will be required in order to have confidence in the magnitude of modelled changes, particularly on the scale of individual glaciers.
Percepção da imagem corporal e tolerância alimentar de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e metabólica em um Hospital do Sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Silva Helen Belarmino Alves da , Rossoni Carina Rossoni , Oliveira Thatianne Moreira Silva , Iannuzzi Gabriel Correia , Nakasu Maria Vilela Pinto Nakasu
Published: September 2020

Introdução: os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e metabólica apresentam melhoras clínicas significativas, porém, podem desenvolver intolerâncias alimentares e problemas emocionais, como distúrbios da imagem corporal, alterações no sistema gastrointestinal, e consequentemente a rápida perda de peso, que acarretam mudanças importantes na vida destes pacientes. Objetivo: identificar a tolerância alimentar e a percepção da imagem corporal de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e metabólica. Método: trata-se de um estudo prospectivo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 36 pacientes que realizam acompanhamento no Programa de Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica do Hospital de Clínicas de Itajubá, Minas Gerais (MG). Os dados clínicos e antropométricos foram obtidos em prontuários; a tolerância alimentar avaliada por meio do questionário de avaliação da qualidade da alimentação e tolerância alimentar, (14) a imagem corporal da escala de silhuetas corporais (18) e Body Shape Questionnaire-34, al, (15) nas consultas de pós operatório de acordo com o protocolo do serviço. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do Software Bioestat® v5.0, por meio da estatística descritiva (média ± desvio padrão e porcentagem). Resultados: 36 pacientes foram avaliados, sendo 75% do sexo feminino 75%, 97,2% apresentaram intolerância alimentar, sendo os alimentos menos tolerados massas (50,0%), carne vermelha (35,3%), pão (27,3%) e arroz (22,2%). Quanto à percepção da imagem corporal, 56% de participantes apresentaram algum nível de distorção da imagem corporal e 83,3% destas desejavam diminuir a silhueta. Conclusão: identificou-se elevada frequência de intolerâncias à alimentos específicos após à cirurgia bariátrica e metabólica, uma distorção importante da imagem corporal e avaliação negativa da autoimagem
Níveis pressóricos de uma comunidade indígena do cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Moura Ariadne Cristinne Pereira de , Silva Benedita Josefina da , Hattori Thalise Yuri , Nascimento Vagner Ferreira do , Espinosa Mariano Martinez , Atanaka Marina , Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio de , Terças-Trettel Ana Cláudia Pereira
Published: September 2020

Buscou-se analisar os níveis pressóricos dos Haliti-Paresí e sua relação com alguns aspectos sociodemográficos. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com a comunidade indígena Haliti-Paresí. A coleta de dados foi realizada em dezembro de 2015 com os residentes da terra indígena Utiariti. Realizou-se a análise estatística bivariada da Pressão Arterial (PA), Pressão Arterial Sistólica (PAS) e Pressão Arterial Diastólica (PAD) em função das variáveis independentes, sendo que as variáveis que apresentaram significância estatística com p < 0,05 foram utilizadas para construir o modelo de regressão de Poisson robusto. Foi possível identificar o predomínio de jovens e com ensino fundamental incompleto. A hipertensão no estágio 1, apresentou prevalência de PA (21,85%), PAS (14,29%) e PAD (17,65%) (p<0,001). Na análise bivariada foi identificado significância estatísticas para PA e PAS nas variáveis independentes sexo masculino, idade maior que 60 anos e realizar a atividade agrícola, caça, pesca e coleta. No entanto, a PAD apresentou as mesmas significâncias estatísticas supracitadas, porém sem associação com idade. Faz-se necessário a realização de ações de promoção, prevenção e elaboração de planos estratégicos que visam ampliar os hábitos saudáveis e consequente elevação da qualidade de vida desses indígenas.
Comportamentos de risco à saúde: uma análise com estudantes da rede pública de ensino
Authors: Dutra Raiane da Rosa , Coutinho Renato Xavier
Published: September 2020

A aptidão física contribui para o desenvolvimento de atividades do cotidiano onde, a prática de exercício físico possui importância significativa na incorporação de um estilo de vida saudável. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar medidas antropométricas e aptidão física de jovens estudantes de escolas públicas, com o intuito de verificar comportamentos de risco entre os mesmos. O procedimento metodológico do estudo foi comparativo descritivo; verificou-se massa corporal, estatura, além da realização de testes de aptidão física relacionados à saúde de 231 estudantes, que foram divididos por sexo e faixa etária para análise. Observou-se que as médias, em sua maioria, encontram-se dentro do esperado como “desejável” para cada faixa etária, porém destacaram-se os níveis máximos e mínimos das variáveis, indicando possíveis exposições a comportamentos de risco relacionados à saúde. Constatou-se que os meninos possuem maior aptidão física referente aos testes de força muscular local e resistência cardiorrespiratória, e os adolescentes de 14 a 17 anos obteve melhores resultados no teste de força muscular local. Com isso, se faz importante construir propostas de intervenções pedagógicas centradas no ensino pela pesquisa, promovendo discussão e reflexão quanto aos hábitos de vida dos jovens.
Utilization of agroindustrial byproducts for the production of lipase by a new strain of Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Baldo Cristiani , Baggio Lillian Maria , Oliveira Marcos Roberto , Melo Marcelo Rodrigues , Gasparin Fabiana Guillen Moreira , Celligoi Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the production of lipases by a new strain of Pseudomonas sp. Using fermentation medium containing byproducts of poultry meat or soybean oil industry. The results indicate that chicken fat and soybean gum induced 48.3 U/mL and 93.3 of lipase activity, respectively. However, the higher lipase production was obtained when the crude lecithin gum was used, archiving 272.6 U/ml of activity after 24 hours. The partial biochemical characterization of the enzyme showed that the optimum reaction conditions were pH 9.0 and 35 °C. The enzyme was stable at temperatures between 25 to 75 °C and at pH from 6 to 9. The enzyme also showed good stability in organic solvents, such as acetronitrile, hexane, ethanol and isopropanol. This study indicates that the byproducts tested are promising for the production of lipase and can contribute to the reduction of enzymatic production costs on a large scale, increase the value of these byproducts and reduce potential environmental impacts caused by its accumulation in nature.
O processo de amamentação do bebê pré-termo: perspectiva dos registros maternos no “diário do bebê
Authors: Aires Luana Cláudia dos Passos , Galhardo Viviane Godoy , Pegoraro Leila Garcia de Oliveira , Schultz Lidiane Ferreira , Rossetto Edilaine Giovanni , Zani Adriana Valongo , Souza Sarah Nancy Deggau Hegeto de
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Descrever os fatores envolvidos no processo de amamentação do bebê pré-termo internado em uma Unidade Neonatal registrados em um “Diário do bebê” preenchido pela mãe. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, prospectiva e longitudinal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada no período de setembro de 2010 a junho de 2011 com 38 mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo internados na Unidade Neonatal. Resultados: Predomínio de mães com idade entre 20 a 34 anos, com companheiro, escolaridade maior de oito anos, renda familiar entre um a cinco salários mínimos, e não possuíam experiência prévia com aleitamento materno de outros filhos. A frequência do uso do diário foi maior ou igual a três vezes/semana; a média de número de ordenhas diárias foi maior ou igual a três e a duração da ordenha de 16 a 30 minutos. A média de volume ordenhado foi menor ou igual a 100 ml/semana. Conclusão: O sucesso da amamentação do bebê pré-termo na Unidade Neonatal depende de vários fatores associados e continua sendo um desafio para as mães, profissionais de saúde e família, porém estratégias como incentivo para o registro no diário mostraram-se adequadas para sua manutenção e para a intervenção de enfermagem na prática assistencial
Prevalência de cuidados paliativos em pacientes com síndrome de imobilidade em um serviço de atenção domiciliar
Authors: Espindola Rafaela , Cechinel Clovis , Moretti Ricardo Papp
Published: September 2020

Introdução: a síndrome de imobilidade (SI) é definida por critérios clínicos específicos, a saber, presença dos dois critérios maiores, declínio cognitivo e múltiplas contraturas e pelo menos dois dos menores, disfagia, afasia, lesão por pressão e dupla incontinência, tendo indicação de cuidados paliativos desde o momento de sua identificação.Objetivo: determinar a prevalência da SI em pacientes em atendimento domiciliar e verificar a inclusão destes em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: estudo documental, descritivo-exploratório e retrospectivo, coletados do prontuário dos pacientes do Serviço de Atendimento Domiciliar de Curitiba, no período de 1 a 31 de julho de 2018, totalizando 566 pacientes. Critérios de inclusão: idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, estar em atendimento domiciliar, apresentar critérios para SI. Critérios de exclusão: dados incompletos que impeçam a caracterização da SI. Foi utilizado o teste de associação de qui-quadrado e o teste da ANOVA. Considerou-se o p ? 0,05 com significância estatística. Resultados: 56 (9,9%) apresentaram critérios para SI. A ocorrência da SI no sexo feminino foi de 13,1% e no masculino 6,1%, com significância estatística (p=0,0218). A média de idade de 72,43. Quanto aos critérios menores, n=56 (100%) tinham dupla incontinência, n=48 (83,9%) disfagia, n=41 (73,2%) afasia e n=31 (55,4%) lesões por pressão. Dos pacientes com SI, 44,46% estavam em cuidados paliativos. Conclusão: a SI foi associada ao sexo feminino, a média de idade foi 72,43 anos. A prevalência foi de 9,9%, dos quais somente 44,46% estavam em cuidados paliativos, o que nos aponta que o atendimento domiciliar não está ofertando aos seus pacientes o melhor atendimento possível.
Influência da vitamina C na lipoperoxidação hepática e muscular de camundongos C57BL/6 submetidos à dieta de cafeteria
Authors: Dambros Betina Fernanda , Ramos Camila Irigonhé , Abib Renata Torres , Vale Sandra Costa
Published: September 2020

Analisar o efeito do tratamento com vitamina C sobre a lipoperoxidação hepática e muscular, assim como sobre parâmetros bioquímicos de camundongos C57BL/6 submetidos à dieta de cafeteria durante nove semanas. Dezessete camundongos da linhagem C57BL/6, com dois meses de idade foram alocados em três grupos: 1) Controle, 2) Cafeteria e 3) Cafeteria + Vitamina C. O ensaio biológico foi conduzido por nove semanas, os animais foram mantidos em jejum de doze horas, e depois de sacrificados, o sangue e os tecidos foram coletados para dosagens bioquímicas. A partir de amostras de fígado e músculo sóleo, foram quantificados os teores de espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e de lipídeos totais. Os fígados dos camundongos alimentados com dieta de cafeteria tratados ou não com vitamina C apresentaram maiores teores de TBARS comparados aos controles (p<0,05). Já o teor de TBARS muscular foi maior nos camundongos do grupo Cafeteria + Vitamina C comparado àquele encontrado para os animais Cafeteria e Controle (p<0,05). As concentrações de colesterol hepático e muscular foram mais elevadas no grupo Cafeteria + Vitamina C comparadas às dos grupos Controle e Cafeteria (p<0,05). O tratamento com vitamina C aumentou a lipoperoxidação muscular, mas não influenciou esse parâmetro no fígado de camundongos C57BL/6 alimentados com dieta de cafeteria. Além disso, a vitamina C elevou a concentração de colesterol nos tecidos hepático e muscular, mas não alterou a glicemia e os lipídeos séricos dos animais após nove semanas de tratamento.