bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crop Regulation Studies in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L 49 under Ultra High Density Planting
Authors: S. Geethanjali , S. Saraswathy , K. R. Rajaduarai , K. Venkateasn , T. Anitha
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was carried out on 8 years old guava cv L 49 trees to assess the effect of pruning level and growth regulators with different combinations on vegetative growth and fruiting attributes in Ultra High Density Planting. The experiment consisted of 2 factors with 36 combinations viz., factor -1 (pruning level) P1- pruning of 25 cm of the shoot from the tip, P2- pruning of 50 cm of the shoot from the tip, P3- pruning of 75 cm of the shoot from the tip, P4 – control (without pruning). Factor -2(growth regulators) G1, G2- Potassium nitrate (1 ,2%), G3, G4- Thiourea (0.1 ,0.2%), G5, G6- Ethephon (250, 500 ppm), G7, G8- Cycocel (250, 500 ppm) and G9 – Control. Results showed that among different levels of pruning, 50cm pruning from the tip with potassium nitrate spray at 2 different concentrations was found to be the best for promoting early vegetative bud burst, fruit set and fruit yield. The increment in plant height and canopy spread in East-West and North-South were recorded more in 25 cm pruning from the tip. A greater number of shoots are visible in the P3G5 combination. When compared to other treatments, the P3G2 combination significantly increased the average index number of bud bursts and shoot length under Ultra High Density Planting.
Survey Based Diversity of Mango Insect Pests at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Dwarka  , Panday Anand Kumar
Published: September 2023

The only purpose of conducting this research is to know the diversity of insects. This research is completely field based, which was selected at different twelve locations of Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh campus. In this research, 38 insect pests with different species were recorded whose nature of causing harm has been told. The principle insect pests of mango are hopper, mealy bug, midge, fruit fly, bark eating caterpillar, shoot borer, leaf webber and stone weevil.
Study the Population Dynamics of Major Insect Pest of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica) Crop
Authors: Vishwakarma Deepali , Panday Anand Kumar , Pandey Ritu , Kumar Yogesh , Dwarka  , Jain Surabhi
Published: September 2023

An experiment conducted at PC Unit, Sesame & Niger, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh during Pre-rabi season 2020-2021. Experiment was laid out in variety was JNC-6. The correlation studies between meteorological parameters and population of whitefly showed that mini. temp. (r= -0.681), relative humidity morning (r= -0.607) vapour pr. mor. (r= -0.642) and evening (r= -0.626) had significant negative impact on the incidence of whitefly. The other weather variables had non-significant (±) impact the incidence of whitefly. Correlation studies carried out between meteorological parameters and population of Nezara bug showed that maximum temperature (r= -0.756) and evaporation (r= -0.791) had significant negative impact on the incidence of Nezara bug. The other weather parameters had non-significant (±) impact on the incidence of stink bug. Correlation studies showed that the sunshine hours (r =-787) showed significant negative correlation while wind speed (r =0.826) had significant positive correlation with incidence of capsule fly. The other weather parameters had non-significant (±) impact on the incidence of capsule fly.
Effect of Bio-enhancers and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Mango cv. Amrapali under Sub-tropical Plains of Central Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bhadauria Ankit Singh , Tripathi V. K.
Published: September 2023

A Field experiment was conducted in the Garden of Department of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during 2020-2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments i.e., FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) i.e., Control, FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Amritpani (20%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Jivamrit (20%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Amritpani (20%) + PSB culture (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + PSB culture (100g/tree), FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Jivamrit (20%) + PSB culture (100g/tree) which were replicated thrice using one plant as a unit per treatment. The mango cultivar “Amrapali” was treated with different organic materials like farm yard manure, organic mulch (Paddy straw), Azotobacter, PSB culture, Panchagavya (3%), Jivamrit (20%) and Amritpani (20%) respectively and compared with the control.

The experimental results revealed that plants treated with the application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree) recorded a significantly higher number of leaves per shoot, number of inflorescence per branch, maximum TSS, total sugar content, sugar: acid ratio and is at par with application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + PSB culture (100g/tree) (14.67) and FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Jivamrit (20%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree). Thus, on the basis of the above observations, this can be suggested that for getting substantially more vegetative growth and quality fruits, the application of FYM (25 kg/tree/year) + Organic mulch (Paddy straw) + Panchagavya (3%) + Azotobacter (100g/tree) should be made under the sub-tropical plains of Central Uttar Pradesh, India.
Relationship of Maternal Serum Zinc Level with Preeclampsia
Authors: Parvin Maliha , Laila Tarafdar Runa , Ahmed Sheikh Salahuddin , Shamsunnahar Parveen Akhter , Khatun Khodeza , Sultana Nigar , Nahar Munmun , Yasmin Sumaiya
Published: September 2023

Preeclampsia is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidities. Zinc is an essential trace element that is presumed to have a role in the regulation of blood pressure through its antioxidant properties and modulation of renal sodium transport. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between maternal serum zinc level and preeclampsia. This case-control study was conducted among 100 pregnant women at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.  Among the 100 patients, 50 were pregnant women with preeclampsia (cases) and 50 were pregnant women without preeclampsia (controls). The serum zinc level was measured for all of them. The mean serum zinc level of the cases and controls were 59.58±31.79 μg/dl and 89.02±31.14 μg/dl respectively (P=<0.001). The respondents with zinc level <68 μg/dl had 6.05 times more chances to have preeclampsia compared to that of the respondents with zinc level ≥68 μg/dL (p<0.001; OR=6.048; 95% CI=2.540-14.399). There was significant negative correlation of serum zinc level with both systolic blood pressure (r= -0.340, p=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.404, p<0.001). In conclusion, low maternal serum zinc level was found related to preeclampsia.
Simmetrichnoe po vremeni kvantovanie relyativistskih poley. 2. Electroslabaya teoriya. Nablyudaemie effekti SVK
Authors:   Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Zakir Zahid
Published: September 2023

В методе симметричного по времени квантования (СВК) релятивистских систем, основанном на интерпретации Штюкельберга-Фейнмана, операторы рождения-уничтожения квантов комплексных полей и безмассовых калибровочных полей автоматически нормально упорядочены и нет энергии и заряда вакуума (З. Закир 2023, статья 1). В данной второй статье рассмотрены применение СВК к массивным бозонным полям электрослабой теории и наблюдательные следствия СВК. Показано, что в вакууме этих полей нет нулевой энергии и нулевого заряда, и поэтому нет и их вклада в космологическую постоянную. Прямым наблюдательным следствием СВК является кроссинг-симметрия в физике частиц. Наблюдаемые эффекты, которые приписывались нулевой энергии вакуума, в действительности порождены полями реальных зарядов и нет свидетельств существования нулевой энергии вакуума фундаментальных полей. Этот факт противоречит предсказанию стандартной формулировке квантовой теории поля, но косвенно подтверждает СВК.
Phase Transformation‐Assisted Sintering for the Fabrication of a Bulk Nanocrystalline Fe–5 at.% Zr Alloy
Authors: Cong Yubin , Wan Jie , Shan Guibin , Chen Yuzeng
Published: January 2025

The powder metallurgy route of high‐energy ball milling followed by sintering is a common method used to fabricate nanocrystalline (NC) metals. However, the poor thermal stability of NC metals limits the use of high temperatures during sintering, which can result in insufficient densification. In order to achieve a higher relative density at low sintering temperatures, phase transformation‐induced volume expansion during sintering is taken advantage of. To prove this hypothesis, NC Fe–5 at.% Zr alloy is sintered at a temperature above A3 (1073 K), which is then decreased below A1 (873 K) to introduce volume expansion caused by phase transformation from austenite to ferrite. For comparison, it is also sintered at a constant temperature above A3 (1073 K). Results show that the proposed strategy can not only enhance the relative density of as‐sintered NC Fe–5 at.% Zr alloy, but also ensure a relatively smaller grain size. This study is beneficial for the fabrication of high‐performance NC metals.
Two‐Bit Coding Realization of Acoustic Parity Metasurfaces
Authors: Hao Zhanlei , Chen Haojie , Zhu Shan , Yin Yuhang , Xu Yadong , Chen Huanyang
Published: January 2025

Parity is an important concept in physics, yet its crucial role in controlling optical and acoustic fields has long been overlooked. Herein, the viewpoint of parity as a novel degree of freedom in precisely controlling wave behavior is proposed and demonstrated, originating from the analytical proof for the universality of the parity high‐order diffraction effects in phase gradient metasurfaces. This unique parity diffraction phenomenon is applied to acoustic coding metasurfaces to achieve a dual process for the waveform reshaping and energy redistribution of plane waves. Analytical calculations, numerical demonstrations, and acoustic experiments verify the feasibility of this new parity paradigm in realizing digital information encoding. This work has potential applications in underwater communications and information anticounterfeiting security.
Compound Motion‐Mode Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Monitoring of Gear Transmission System
Authors: Wang Song , Gong Likun , Jiang Yuhang , Gao Shuai , Wang Tianyang , Zhang Chi , Han Qinkai
Published: January 2025

Tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) are an advanced technology that can convert friction energy into electrical energy via semiconductor tribovoltaic effect, which offers the advantages of high charge density and direct current (DC) output. However, characteristic components of TVNG outputs are relatively few, which is not conducive to monitoring the periodic motions. This study proposes a compound motion‐mode tribovoltaic nanogenerator (CM‐TVNG) for monitoring the gear transmission system using gears' unique meshing transmission form. The CM‐TVNG uses the approach‐slide‐separation composite motion of silicon wafers attached to both sides of the tooth slots and the tooth top of the mating gear to generate a DC signal with discernible periodic characteristics. The working principle of CM‐TVNG is verified by theoretical analysis and COMSOL dynamic simulation. The main working parameters verify CM‐TVNG output characteristics and applicability under various conditions. Subsequently, CM‐TVNG's ability to detect gear's state is verified. Using a deep learning (DL) model, gear faults are diagnosed with a diagnostic accuracy of up to 95.5%. The feasibility of CM‐TVNG is demonstrated by application in an industrial‐grade parallel‐gear transmission system. In particular, speed monitoring capability under variable speeds is verified, demonstrating that it can be applied to monitor the stability of gear transmission systems.
The Histone Lysine Demethylase KDM7A Contributes to Reward Memory via Fscn1‐Induced Synaptic Plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Yang Zhuo‐jin , Yu Dong‐yu , Gao Fei‐fei , Zhou Dan‐ya , Wu Ya‐nan , Yang Xi‐xi , Chen Jie , Yang Jing‐si , Shen Meng‐qing , Zhang Yu‐xiang , Wei Lai , Yan Chun‐xia
Published: January 2025

Lysine demethylase 7A (KDM7A) catalyzes the removal of dimethylation from histone H3 lysine 9 and lysine 27, both of which are associated with transcription repression. Previous study indicates that Kdm7a mRNA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) increases after drug exposure, yet its role in drug‐related behaviors is largely unknown. In a morphine‐conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, these findings reveal a specific increase of Kdm7a expression in the mPFC 7 days after drug withdrawal. Subsequently, these results demonstrate that knockdown of Kdm7a in the mPFC do not affect the acquisition of morphine‐induced CPP, but it attenuate memory consolidation. To further explore Kdm7a‐mediated transcriptomic changes, this work employs Nanopore direct RNA sequencing. Transcriptome profiling unveils several gene expression alterations impacted by KDM7A, which are enriched in relevant neural function categories. Notably, this work identifies and validates fascin actin‐bundling protein 1 (Fscn1) as a downstream molecular target. Knockdown of Fscn1 has a similar impact on CPP to Kdm7a, along with corresponding decrease of dendritic spine density and neuronal activity in the mPFC. Additionally, silencing Kdm7a decreases enrichment of H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 at the Fscn1 promoter region, suggesting that KDM7A may act as a crucial regulator of transcriptional responses to morphine‐related reward memory via Fscn1.
Extracellular Mitochondrial‐Derived Vesicles Affect the Progression of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Yan Zi , Zhu Junyou , Li Ziyue , Chen Lianglong , Zheng Weihan , Dai Zhenning , Yang Jiaxin , Yun Xinyi , Wang Yilin , Zhou Hai , Jiang Ziwei , Yu Qiuyi , Li Shiyu , Huang Wenhua , Yang Lei
Published: January 2025

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus, the etiology of which remains insufficiently understood, particularly regarding the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, nanoflow cytometry to detect EVs in DFU skin tissues is used and found a significant increase in the Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20 (TOM20)+ mitochondrial‐derived vesicles (MDVs). The role of MDVs in DFU is yet to be reported. Using single‐cell datasets, it is discovered that the increase in MDVs may be regulated by Sorting Nexin 9 (SNX9). In vitro experiments revealed that MDVs secreted by fibroblasts cultured in high glucose medium exhibited similar composition and protein enrichment results to those in DFU tissues, suggesting their potential as an ideal in vitro surrogate. These MDVs promoted apoptosis and intracellular oxidative stress, disrupted mitochondrial structure, and reduced aerobic metabolism in target cells. In vivo experiments also showed that MDV drops hindered wound healing in diabetic mice; however, this effect is rescued by SNX9 inhibitors, restoring mitochondrial dynamics and balance. Under high glucose conditions, MDVs significantly upregulated oxidative stress levels and induced mitochondrial dysfunction. This study proposes targeting MDVs as a potential therapeutic strategy for DFU.
High‐Efficiency, Long‐Lifetime and Color‐Tunable Hybrid WOLEDs Using a Platinum Complex with Voltage‐Dependent Monomer and Aggregate Emission
Authors: Xin Yangyang , Mao Mao , Xu Shuo , Tan Kaixin , Cheng Gang , Zhang Hai , Dai Hengyi , Huang Tianyu , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: January 2025

Color‐tunable white organic light‐emitting diodes (CT‐WOLEDs) have attracted widespread attention given their large color variation to meet the different daily scenarios from the perspective of circadian rhythm. However, most reported CT‐WOLEDs, especially the tri‐color devices, exhibit poor performances and sophisticated structures. Here, a simple structure tri‐color CT‐WOLED is demonstrated that simultaneously exhibits high efficiency, ultralong operation lifetime, and wide color‐tunable range for dynamic sunlight emulation. The design is based on a newly developed platinum complex that can emit light efficiently in both monomer and aggregation states, providing voltage‐dependent green‐to‐red phosphorescence emission, not only ensuring tunable colors in WOLEDs but also simplifying the device structure. Combining with a blue delayed fluorescence material, this hybrid device exhibits a wide range of tunable colors with Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage 1931 (CIE) coordinates and correlated color emperature (CCT)  shifts from (0.502, 0.474) and 2628 K at 2.6 V to (0.211, 0.334) and 14860 K at 8 V, achieving good visual alignment with sunlight color throughout the day. This same device also shows high external quantum efficiencies from 28.8% at maximum to 26.2% at 5000 cd m−2. Furthermore, an impressively long time of 21,144 h is achieved to decay to 90% of the initial luminance at 100 cd m−2, being the longest among recorded CT‐WOLEDs.
Intestine‐Decipher Engineered Capsules Protect Against Sepsis‐induced Intestinal Injury via Broad‐spectrum Anti‐inflammation and Parthanatos Inhibition
Authors: Yan Yan , Li Bin , Gao Qiuxia , Wu Miao , Ma Hua , Bai Jiawei , Ma Chengtai , Xie Xinyu , Gong Yuan , Xu Lingqi , Li Xiaoxue , Wang Wei , Wu Yanqiu , Wang Jiamei , Wang Huanhuan , Feng Yi , Zhang Yunlong , Li Peiran , Shi Huimin , Ma Fei , Jia Yue , Duan Han , Fu Xinting , Wang Wenying , Zhan Liying , Du Xianjin , Zhou Huiting , Liao Yuhui
Published: January 2025

Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, often leading to high mortality rates. The intestine, owing to its distinct structure and physiological environment, plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. It functions as the “central organ” or “engine” in the progression of sepsis, with intestinal injury exacerbating the condition. Despite the availability of current therapies that offer partial symptom relief, they fall short of adequately protecting the intestinal barrier. In this study, an advanced nanodrug formulation (OLA@MΦ NPs) is developed by coating macrophage membranes onto polymeric organic nanoparticles encapsulating olaparib. When loaded into pH‐responsive capsules, an intestine‐decipher engineered capsule (cp‐OLA@MΦ NPs) is successfully formulated. Upon oral administration in septic mice, these capsules withstand gastric acid and release their contents in the intestine, specifically targeting injured tissues. The released OLA@MΦ NPs effectively neutralize pro‐inflammatory cytokines via macrophage membrane receptors, while olaparib inhibits intestinal epithelial parthanatos (a form of programmed cell death) by suppressing poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation. This strategy significantly reduces bacterial translocation, slows the progression of sepsis, and enhances survival in septic mice, thus presenting a promising therapeutic approach for sepsis in clinical applications.
Disturbing Cholesterol/Sphingolipid Metabolism by Squalene Epoxidase Arises Crizotinib Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Yan Hao , Huang Xiangliang , Zhou Yourong , Mu Yuan , Zhang Shaoyin , Cao Yashi , Wu Wentong , Xu Zhifei , Chen Xueqin , Zhang Xiaochen , Wang Xiaohong , Yang Xiaochun , Yang Bo , He Qiaojun , Luo Peihua
Published: January 2025

Metabolic disorders have been identified as one of the causes of drug‐induced liver injury; however, the direct regulatory mechanism regarding this disorder has not yet been clarified. In this study, a single regulatory mechanism of small molecule kinase inhibitors, with crizotinib as the representative drug is elucidated. First, it is discovered that crizotinib induced aberrant lipid metabolism and apoptosis in the liver. A mechanistic study revealed that crizotinib treatment promoted the accumulation of squalene epoxidase (SQLE) by inhibiting autophagosome‐lysosome fusion which blocked the autophagic degradation of SQLE. A maladaptive increase in SQLE led to disturbances in cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism via an enzymatic activity‐dependent manner. Abnormal cholesterol results in both steatosis and inflammatory infiltration, and disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism promote cell apoptosis by inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization. The restoration of the level or activity of SQLE ameliorated steatosis and hepatocyte injury. The autophagy activator known as metformin or the SQLE enzymatic inhibitor known as terbinafine has potential clinical use for alleviating crizotinib hepatotoxicity.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Domino Cyclization of Methyl N‐Heteroarenes with 6‐Aminopyrimidine‐2,4‐Dione and Pyrazol‐5‐Amine
Authors: Dong Chunping , Zhang Yue , Hu Caijuan , Zhou Yongsheng , Li Jian
Published: January 2025

An iodine‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative domino annulation of methyl N‐heteroarenes with 6‐aminopyrimidine‐2,4‐dione and pyrazol‐5‐amine has been developed for the synthesis of dipyrimidine/dipyrazolo‐fused pyridines using 1,3‐dibromobenzene as the additive and oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Detailed mechanistic studies indicated that 1,3‐dibromobenzene enhanced the solubility of O2, and facilitated the aerobic oxidation of I− to I2, thereby promoting the aerobic oxidative domino cyclization reaction. The gram scale reaction was also successful using this methodology.
Remote Hydrogen Bonding between Ligand and Substrate Accelerates C–H Bond Activation and Enables Switchable Site Selectivity
Authors: De Pinaki Bhusan , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Sekar Jayakumar , Asako Sobi , Ilies Laurean
Published: January 2025

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed selective and efficient activation of an inert C−H bond in an organic substrate is of importance for the development of streamlined synthetic methodologies. An attractive approach is the design of a metal catalyst capable of recognizing an organic substrate through noncovalent interactions to control reactivity and selectivity. We report here a spirobipyridine ligand that bears a hydroxy group which recognizes pyridine and quinoline substrates through hydrogen bonding, and in combination with an iridium catalyst enables site‐selective C−H borylation. The site selectivity can be switched by simply changing the position of the hydroxy group on the ligand. The catalyst also accelerates the reactions, overrides steric bias, and selectively recognizes a pyridine substrate in the presence of other hydrogen bond acceptors. These features are reminiscent of enzymatic catalysis and suggest that judicious design of the recognition group on the ligand can become a general strategy to selectively and efficiently functionalize organic substrates.
Kontrollierte Einführung von sp3‐Quantendefekten in Fluoreszierenden Kohlenstoffnanoröhren mittels Mechanochemie
Authors: Sander Miriam , Metternich Justus T. , Dippner Pascal , Kruss Sebastian , Borchardt Lars
Published: January 2025

Eine präzise Kontrolle über niederdimensionale Materialien birgt ein enormes Potenzial für deren Anwendungen in Sensorik, Bildgebung und Informationsverarbeitung. Die kontrollierte Einführung von sp3‐Quantendefekten (Farbzentren) kann genutzt werden, um die optoelektronischen Eigenschaften von einwandigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (SWCNTs) im Bereich der Gewebetransparenz (>800 nm) und im Telekommunikationsfenster einzustellen. Eine unkontrollierte Funktionalisierung von SWCNTs mit Defekten führt jedoch zu einem Verlust der NIR‐Fluoreszenz. Hier verwenden wir Mechanochemie mit Aryldiazoniumsalzen, um Quantendefekte in SWCNTs zu erzeugen. Die Reaktion verläuft innerhalb von 5 Minuten ohne Lösungsmittel oder Belichtung und kann durch Variation des mechanochemischen Energieeintrags gesteuert werden. Durch die Arbeit unter Festkörperbedingungen stellt diese Methode einen alternativen synthetischen Ansatz dar und repräsentiert einen entscheidenden Schritt zur Kontrolle der Photophysik von SWCNTs.
Heterologous Biosynthesis of Terpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wang Junyang , Ji Xu , Yi Renhe , Li Dengbin , Shen Xiaolin , Liu Zihe , Xia Yaying , Shi Shuobo
Published: January 2025

Terpenoids are widely distributed in nature and have various applications in healthcare products, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances. Despite the significant potential that terpenoids possess, traditional production methods, such as plant extraction and chemical synthesis, face challenges in meeting current market demand. With the advancement of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, it becomes feasible to construct efficient microbial cell factories for large‐scale production of terpenoids. This article primarily centers on the heterologous expression of terpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, detailing the expression of terpenoid biosynthesis pathways through the utilization of cellular microcompartments, strategies for the efficient expression of key P450 enzymes in the synthesis pathway, and the regulation and optimization of host metabolism to enhance flux to terpenoids synthesis. Additionally, we analyze current challenges and propose solutions to further refine yeast chassis for more effective terpenoids production.
Two New Terpenoids From the Leaves and Twigs of Croton cnidophyllus and Their Anti‐Alzheimer's Disease Activities
Authors: Guo Le‐Le , Lu Yu‐Bin , Yang Mi‐Na , Li Hui‐Jie , Liu Chun‐Min , Ye Li‐Jia , Wang Xin , Yang Yi‐Nan , Zhang Miao , Zhang Zhan‐Xin , Fei Dong‐Qing
Published: January 2025

A new oleanane‐type triterpenoid, 3β‐acetyl‐15α‐hydroxy‐oleanane‐13β,28‐olide (1), and a new clerodane furanoditerpenoid, cnidophyllin A (2), together with 11 known compounds (3–13) were isolated and identified from the 95% ethanol extract of the leaves and twigs of Croton cnidophyllus. Except for compounds 3 and 7, all other compounds were isolated for the first time from C. cnidophyllus. The structures of the new compounds were ascertained through a comprehensive application of spectroscopic techniques, including both one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, while their absolute configurations were validated either through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis or via electronic circular dichroism calculations. Meanwhile, the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data of 8 has been reported for the first time. Additionally, the in vivo anti‐Alzheimer's disease (AD) activities of compounds 3–13 were assessed using the Caenorhabditis elegans AD pathology model. Among all the isolated compounds, compounds 4 and 7–13 significantly delayed the paralysis of the worms with AD‐like symptoms, which may be potential candidates for anti‐AD drugs.
Unusual Presentation of a Rare Disease: A Case Report of Fungal Necrotizing Otitis Media and Mastoiditis
Authors: Mousavi Mohammadi Ermia , Rajati Mohsen , Zarrinfar Hossein
Published: January 2025

Acute necrotizing otitis media is a severe middle ear infection which causes necrosis of the tympanic cavity. A 54‐year‐old female was presented who suffered from diabetes mellitus and end‐stage renal disease presenting with severe otalgia, initially thought to be necrotizing otitis externa. She rapidly progressed to total necrosis of the tympanic membrane. Further assessments confirmed a fungal disease caused by Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus flavus. Immediate antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and subsequent radical mastoidectomy managed to control the disease with no sign of necrosis after 3 months. Early diagnosis, aggressive systemic antifungal treatment, and surgical debridement are vital components for successful management of such cases.
Semi‐empirical model of brine evaporation rate in lithium processing
Authors: Aleman‐Sanchez David , Bertin Diego , Piña Juliana
Published: January 2025

Lithium is a critical element in the transition to cleaner energy and is produced primarily in the Lithium Triangle (Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia) through the evaporative process. This process involves brine concentration through solar and wind evaporation in large ponds, where the salts are concentrated and eventually reach their solubility product and crystallize. Dynamic brine evaporation is crucial to designing and optimizing evaporation ponds, where predicting the evaporation rate is essential. In this work, the evaporation of simple synthetic brines composed individually of NaCl, KCl, or MgCl2 was experimentally studied in an evaporation chamber that allows monitoring of air temperature, humidity, brine temperature, and air velocity. The results show that brines with the same initial ionic strength but of different nature have similar evaporation rates under the same evaporation conditions. The evaporation rate decreases as the ionic strength increases. During evaporation, the ionic strength and brine density increase due to the concentration of the salts but remain constant when crystallization begins. A semi‐empirical model was developed to correlate the evaporation rate of brines with their density, allowing this rate to be estimated with an error of less than 5% using easily measurable data. The model can be applied to natural brines from the lithium industry rich in NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2.
Study of solids flow in the dipleg of the primary cyclone of a 0.6 m diameter fluidized bed of a large group A powder
Authors: Godin Jessica , Sanchez Careaga Francisco , Pjontek Dominic , Briens Cedric , McMillan Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Internal cyclones use diplegs to recycle solids to the dense fluidized bed in most industrial fluidized beds. Poor dipleg operation can greatly increase particle losses from cyclones. Experiments with a 0.6 m diameter column and large group A particles showed that at low gas velocities in the fluidized bed, gas slugs rose through the dipleg, causing the emission of solids pulses; this issue was resolved by adding an elbow termination at the bottom of the dipleg. At high gas velocities, the dipleg backed up. A new model showed that dipleg backup resulted from large pressure fluctuations in the fluidized bed near the bottom of the dipleg. Momentarily, the local bed pressure became higher than the pressure in the dipleg, and fluidized solids flowed from the bed into the dipleg. Consequently, the dipleg was modified: the dipleg diameter and height were increased, and aeration and an elbow termination were added to the dipleg.
Synthesis and Characterization of NiWS2/MWCNT Nanohybrids
Authors: Olivo‐Toledo J. , Rivera‐Muñoz E. M. , Alonso M. P. , Alonso‐Nuñez G. , Huirache‐Acuña R.
Published: January 2025

The present research work mainly focuses on the synthesis and characterization of NiWS2/MWCNT‐f nanohybrids. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes MWCNT‐r were previously purified with HCl to obtain MWCNT‐p, then were treated with an acid mixture of HNO3 : H2SO4 (6 M) at 1 : 3 v/v to generate functionalization on the surface with oxygen as hydroxylic and carbonyl groups to obtain MWCNT‐f. The synthesis of the nanohybrids was carried out by the sequential incipient impregnation method using ammonium thiotungstate (ATT) and nickel chloride as metal precursors. The effect of nickel was evaluated by modifying its atomic ratio with respect to tungsten with values of R= (Ni/Ni+W) equal to 0.3 and 0.5. Subsequently, the nanohybrids were obtained by thermal decomposition in argon atmosphere and an activation method using H2/H2S. Once the nanohybrids were obtained, their structural properties were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, BET, HRTEM, XRD, and TGA analyses. The formation of the nanohybrids was achieved obtaining the active phase WS2 and NiWS supported on MWCNT‐f, which was corroborated by HRTEM and XPS spectroscopy techniques. These materials are important candidates as catalysts in the hydrodesulfurization reactions.
The Rise of Zinc||Chalcogen Batteries with Conversion Mechanism
Authors: Zeng Zecong , Ran Bingjie , Cui Mangwei , Liu Fusheng , Huang Yan
Published: January 2025

Zinc||Chalcogen batteries (ZCBs) (S, Se, Te and interchalcogens) with conversion mechanism, involve complex chemical reactions and differ from conventional low‐capacity aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) that rely on ion insertion and extraction for energy storage. Specifically, ZCBs combine the advantages of AZIBs and conversion reactions, exhibiting extremely high capacity, cost‐effectiveness, safety, and environmental friendliness. These benefits make them one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation large‐scale application batteries. In this mini‐review, we summarize the conversion mechanisms, existing challenges, and corresponding optimization strategies of ZCBs. Finally, we offer our perspectives on future advancements.
Network Analysis and Psychometric Properties of the Parent Version of the Screen for Child Anxiety–Related Emotional Disorders in Arabic Children (4–7 Years Old)
Authors: Ayasrah Mohammad Nayef , Al‐Rousan Ayoub Hamdan , Khasawneh Mohamad Ahmad Saleem
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The current paper aimed to translate psychometric properties and network structure of the Screen for Child Anxiety–Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED‐P) in children aged 4 to 7 years in Arabic‐speaking countries.

Method

In this study, 646 Arabic‐speaking parents of children aged 4 to 7 participated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the five‐factor structure of the SCARED‐P scale. Indices of reliability, test–retest reliability, convergent validity and measurement invariance were utilized. Additionally, a network perspective, which included exploratory graph analysis (EGA), was employed.

Results

The results of the present study showed that the five‐factor model of the SCARED‐P scale was confirmed with good fit indices (χ2/df = 3.27, RMSEA = 0.059, CFI = 0.92). The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (total scale: α = 0.946, subscales: α = 0.68–0.96). Test–retest reliability over 2 weeks was satisfactory (ICC above 0.70). The convergent validity of the scale was also confirmed, as SCARED‐P scores had a significant correlation with the emotional problems subscale of the SDQ (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). The emotional subscale showed the highest correlation with the generalized anxiety component (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Additionally, the network analysis supported the five‐factor model of the SCARED‐P scale.

Conclusion

The SCARED‐P scale demonstrated excellent psychometric properties in Arabic‐speaking children aged 4 to 7, with a stable five‐factor structure and strong convergent validity. It suggested that this tool can be a valuable instrument for the early identification of anxiety disorders in Arab countries. This study emphasizes the importance of culturally adapted screening tools in detecting anxiety symptoms and providing opportunities for early interventions.
Integration of multi‐omics approaches reveals candidate genes for drought stress in St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum)
Authors: Weldt Carolina E. , Rockstad Greta , Gesteira Gabriel de Siqueira , Gouveia Beatriz T. , Austin Robert E. , Yu Xingwang , Milla‐Lewis Susana R.
Published: January 2025

There is growing demand across the turfgrass industry for turfgrasses that require minimal watering. St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], a warm‐season turfgrass favored in the southeastern United States for its shade tolerance and vigorous stoloniferous growth, falls short in drought resistance. Integrating genomic and conventional breeding methodologies could accelerate the introduction of cultivars that thrive with less water. In this study, a population derived from the cross of breeding lines XSA10098 and XSA10127 was evaluated for drought resistance in field trials, where percent green cover and normalized difference vegetation index were collected by unmanned aerial vehicle‐based phenotyping. A multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approach identified 22 QTL, with overlapping regions on linkage groups 1, 2, 4, and 9 between this and previous studies. In addition, a detailed transcriptomic analysis on the roots of two St. Augustinegrass genotypes with contrasting drought responses revealed 1642 and 2669 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the drought‐tolerant and drought‐sensitive genotypes, respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes classification showed different pathways adopted by the two genotypes in response to drought stress. Moreover, integration of QTL mapping and transcriptomic analyses identified five DEGs co‐localized in overlapping QTL regions, which exhibit great value to potentially serve as targets to facilitate marker‐assisted selection. The findings in this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of drought tolerance in St. Augustinegrass, facilitating the development of more robust breeding strategies for enhancing drought resilience in this important turfgrass species.
Pathogenic variants of TUBB8 cause oocyte spindle defects by disrupting with EB1/CAKP5 interactions and potential treatment targeting microtubule acetylation through HDAC6 inhibition
Authors: Luo Hui , Chen Jianhua , Li Cao , Wu Tian , Yin Siyue , Yang Guangping , Wang Yipin , Guo Zhihan , Hu Saifei , He Yanni , Wang Yingnan , Chen Yao , Su Youqiang , Miao Congxiu , Qian Yun , Feng Ruizhi
Published: January 2025

Background

Numerous pathogenic variants causing human oocyte maturation arrest have been reported on the primate‐specific TUBB8 gene. The main etiology is the dramatic reduction of tubulin α/β dimer, but still large numbers of variants remain unexplained.

Methods

Using microinjection mRNA and genome engineering to reintroduce the conserved pathogenic missense variants into oocytes or in generating TUBB8 variant knock‐in mouse models, we investigated that the human deleterious variants alter microtubule nucleation and spindle assembly during meiosis. Live‐cell imaging and immunofluorescence were utilised to track the dynamic expression of microtubule plus end‐tracking proteins in vivo and analysed microtubule nucleation or spindle assembly in vitro, respectively. Immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry and ultramicro‐quantitative proteomics were performed to identify the differential abundance proteins and affected interactome of TUBB8 protein.

Results

First, we observed a significant depletion of the EB1 signal upon microinjection of mutated TUBB8 mRNA (including R262Q, M300I, and D417N missense variants), indicating disruption of microtubule nucleation caused by these introduced TUBB8 missense variants. Mechanically, we demonstrated that the in vivo TUBB8‐D417N missense variant diminished the affinity of EB1 and microtubules. It also harmed the interaction between microtubules and CKAP5/TACC3, which are crucial for initiating microtubule nucleation. Attenuated Ran‐GTP pathway was also found in TUBB8‐D417N oocytes, leading to disrupted spindle assembly. Stable microtubule was largely abolished on the spindle of TUBB8‐D417N oocytes, reflected by reduced tubulin acetylation and accumulated HDAC6. More importantly, selective inhibition of HDAC6 by culturing TUBB8‐D417N oocytes with Tubacin or Tubastatin A showed morphologically normal spindle and drastically recovered polar‐body extrusion rate. These rescue results shed light on the strategy to treat meiotic defects in a certain group of TUBB8 mutated patients.

Conclusion

Our study provides a comprehensive mechanism elucidating how TUBB8 missense variants cause oocyte maturation arrest and offers new therapeutic avenues for treating female infertility in the clinic.
The effectiveness of harvest for limiting wildlife disease: Insights from 20 years of chronic wasting disease in Wyoming
Authors: Moss Wynne E. , Binfet Justin , Hall L. Embere , Allen Samantha E. , Edwards William H. , Jennings‐Gaines Jessica E. , Cross Paul C.
Published: January 2025

Effective, practical options for managing disease in wildlife populations are limited, especially after diseases become established. Removal strategies (e.g., hunting or culling) are used to control wildlife diseases across a wide range of systems, despite conflicting evidence of their effectiveness. This is especially true for chronic wasting disease (CWD), an untreatable, fatal prion disease threatening cervid populations across multiple countries, for which recreational harvest has been suggested as an important disease control strategy. Using observational data to evaluate whether harvest effectively limits CWD prevalence has been difficult because statistical relationships between harvest and disease prevalence can arise from a causal effect of harvest (i.e., harvest's impacts on prevalence via changes in transmission or demographic structure) or from a number of alternative mechanisms. For instance, correlations between harvest and disease prevalence can also be driven by disease's impacts on population size and harvest (i.e., reverse causality) or from confounding variables (e.g., habitat or geographic location) that impact both harvest rates and disease prevalence. We analyzed two decades of surveillance data (2000–2021) from 10 mule deer herds in Wyoming, using statistical approaches informed by causal inference theory, to test for the effects of harvest on CWD prevalence. Herds with consistently high harvest pressure across 20 years had significantly lower prevalence. Our models predicted that harvesting 40% of adult males per year across 20 years would maintain prevalence below 5% on average, whereas if only 20% of males were harvested in each year, prevalence would increase to >30% by year 20. Moreover, shifting the relative harvest pressure within a herd over a shorter period (3 years) reduced subsequent prevalence, albeit to a smaller degree. Although high harvest is unlikely to completely eradicate CWD, our analysis suggests that maintaining hunting pressure on adult males is an important tactic for slowing CWD epidemics within mule deer herds. Our study also provides guidance for future analyses of longitudinal surveillance data, including the importance of demographic data and appropriate time lags.
Food availability has direct and delayed effects on structural growth and body reserves in garter snakes
Authors: Dinsmore Carli R. , Bronikowski Anne , Sparkman Amanda M. , Davis Courtney , Muñoz David , Avery Julian , Arnold Stevan J. , Miller David A. W.
Published: January 2025

Phenotypic plasticity in body growth enables organisms to cope with unpredictable paucities in resource availability. Growth traits influence survival and reproductive success, and thereby, population persistence, and early‐life resource availability may govern lifetime patterns in growth, reproductive success, and survival. The influence of early‐life environment is decidedly consequential for indeterminately growing ectotherms, which rely on available resources and ambient temperatures to maximize fitness throughout life. Using 17 years of mark–recapture data, we evaluate the effects of resource availability on patterns in growth for populations of western terrestrial garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans), which differ along pace‐of‐life continuums into fast‐ and slow‐living ecotypes. We use an adaptation of the von Bertalanffy estimator to fit structural growth models and linear predictors for body condition to analyze the consequences of annual and early‐life prey availability. Snakes from resource‐poor early‐life environments are primed to exploit conditions in high‐prey environments later in life. Slow pace‐of‐live animals exhibit a greater capacity for compensatory strategies in structural growth, while body condition was best explained by a complex interaction across males and non‐gravid females between prey availability and ecotype. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for context‐dependent early‐life environments as well as sex‐specific reproductive demands when evaluating population traits.
DNA Metabarcoding Improves the Taxonomic Resolution of Visually Determined Diet Composition of Beaked Redfish (Sebastes sp.)
Authors: Brown‐Vuillemin Sarah , Bernatchez Louis , Normandeau Eric , Hernandez Cecilia , Chabot Denis , Tremblay Réjean , Sirois Pascal , Nozères Claude , Robert Dominique
Published: January 2025

Beaked redfishes (Sebastes fasciatus and Sebastes mentella) of the northwest Atlantic have recently reached record abundance levels in the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, dominated by Sebastes mentella. Knowledge of their diet composition is essential to understand the trophic role that these groundfish play in the ecosystem. The objective of the present study was to compare the performance of visual examination and DNA metabarcoding of stomach contents of the same individual redfish caught in the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Using a universal metazoan mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) marker, we identified a total of 24 taxonomic groups, composed of 22 species and two genera in the content of 185 stomachs with DNA metabarcoding. We compared these results to the 25 prey types, eight identified at the genus and nine at the species level, obtained with visual stomach content analysis (SCA). While both techniques revealed a similar diet composition, our results showed that the SCA and DNA metabarcoding perform differently for particular prey categories, both in terms of detectability and taxonomic resolution, as well as in the estimated relative importance of weight and occurrence in the diet. The use of DNA metabarcoding along with SCA validates and improves the taxonomic resolution of visually determined prey, which supports the concept that both techniques provide useful complementary information on the diet of redfish and likely other fish species.
Boosting the Energy Density Through In Situ Thermal Gelation of Polymer Electrolyte with Lithium‐Graphite Composite Anode
Authors: Kang Chea‐Yun , Lee Rae‐Hyun , Lee Jong‐Kyu , Kim Kyong‐Nam , Yoon Jung‐Rag , Lee Seung‐Hwan
Published: January 2025

We have entered the age of renewable energy revolution. Hence, energy‐dense all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries are now being actively researched as one of the most promising energy storage systems. However, they have not yet been a silver bullet due to the dendrite formation and interfacial issue. Here, we introduce the hybrid polymer electrolyte via a novel solvent‐free strategy as well as utilize a polymerization and gelation effect of cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol to achieve superior electrochemical performance. The hybrid polymer electrolyte, using cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol, demonstrates a stable artificial solid electrolyte interface layer, which suppresses the continuous decomposition of Li salts. Importantly, we also present the lithium‐graphite composite anode to reach the super‐high‐energy‐density anode materials. Taken together, these advancements represent a significant stride toward addressing the challenges associated with all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries.