bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of barriers on entrepreneurial intentions: Student entrepreneurship in Western Balkan countries
Authors: Matić Milenko , Leković Bojan , Bobera Dušan
Published: March 2023

The paper is based on the findings of the research of students of business administration in the countries of the Western Balkans and aims to identify the impact of entrepreneurial barriers on their intentions to start entrepreneurial ventures. Barriers are classified into four categories. The first category is knowledge and skill barriers. The second group of barriers includes financial barriers. Subjective circumstances represent the third, and administrative procedures and fiscal burdens are the fourth groups of barriers. The research was conducted with 910 respondents, which consists of 71 questions. For the analysis, 6 questions related to the demographic profile and general information were used, while for the second part, 14 were used, which belong to the categories of barriers. The SPSS program was used for the empirical analysis of the results. The results showed that financial barriers, administrative procedures, and fiscal burdens harm entrepreneurial intentions. Within the group of barriers of knowledge and skills, the lack of business plan development skills and the lack of financial skills harm entrepreneurial aspirations, while the other barriers are not statistically significant. It was confirmed that statistically significant barriers to entrepreneurial intentions belong to subjective circumstances: lack of support from the environment and fear of failure.
The Data Revolution
Authors: B. Custer David , Simic-Muller Ksenija
Published: March 2023

We reflect on recent presentations at the NCTM annual conference and articles in MTLT that address statistics, data modeling, and data science. We observe that such presentations and articles are increasingly common, and encourage readers to use them in their teaching and write about their own adventures with data.
Business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness: A triangular model for micro and small enterprises in Poland
Authors:   Ph.D. Habilitated, Associate Professor, Department of Econometric Models and Forecasts, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, 37/39 Rewolucji 1905, 90-214 Lodz, Poland, e-mail: Wojciech.Grabowski@uni.lodz.pl, corresponding author, Grabowski Wojciech , Stawasz Edward ,   Ph.D. Habilitated, Associate Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship and Industrial Policy, Faculty of Management, University of Lodz, 22/26 Matejki, 90-237 Lodz, Poland, e-mail: Edward.Stawasz@uni.lodz.pl
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE: This paper proposes a triangular relationship between business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness. The role of knowledge absorptive capacity in stimulating the impact of business consulting on innovativeness is studied. METHODOLOGY: An empirical study is conducted using the CATI method, and it is based on data concerning 382 Polish micro and small enterprises. Qualitative variables reflecting using business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity and innovativeness are defined. The multivariate discrete choice model taking into account relationships among these constructs, is proposed and its parameters are estimated. FINDINGS: The results of the empirical research indicate that business consulting in Poland and similar countries may help firms implement innovative solutions. Knowledge absorptive capacity stimulates innovativeness and has a positive impact on the relationship between using business consulting and improvement in innovativeness. Though the frequency of using business consulting is an important factor in improving innovativeness, cooperation between a consultant and a manager matters more. IMPLICATIONS: Results of the empirical research indicate that cooperation between a consultant and a manager may help reduce differences of opinion and internal conflicts. A higher propensity to cooperate may significantly improve the functioning of an enterprise. Business consulting has an indirect and direct effect on innovativeness. It has a positive impact on knowledge absorptive capacity, while better knowledge stimulates innovativeness. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: An original triangular model of the relationship between business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness is proposed. Advanced econometric methods are used in order to find complex relationships between using business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and improvement in innovativeness. Moreover, results of the estimation of the parameters of the econometric model provide interesting recommendations for policies supporting the development of business consulting in the Polish economy.
Design and analysis of management platform based on financial big data
Authors: Chen Yuhua , Mustafa Hasri , Zhang Xuandong , Liu Jing
Published: March 2023

Traditional financial accounting will become limited by new technologies which are unable to meet the market development. In order to make financial big data generate business value and improve the information application level of financial management, aiming at the high error rate of current financial data classification system, this article adopts the fuzzy clustering algorithm to classify financial data automatically, and adopts the local outlier factor algorithm with neighborhood relation (NLOF) to detect abnormal data. In addition, a financial data management platform based on distributed Hadoop architecture is designed, which combines MapReduce framework with the fuzzy clustering algorithm and the local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm, and uses MapReduce to operate in parallel with the two algorithms, thus improving the performance of the algorithm and the accuracy of the algorithm, and helping to improve the operational efficiency of enterprise financial data processing. The comparative experimental results show that the proposed platform can achieve the best the running efficiency and the accuracy of financial data classification compared with other methods, which illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed platform.
Logística na construção civil – análise para o uso dos indicativos 8r’s em pequenas empresas
Authors: Pires Vinícius Rodrigues Silva , Da Cunha Junior Hamilton Moreira , Simões Eliane Antonio , Cirani Claudia Brito Silva
Published: March 2023

Neste estudo foi avaliado o setor da construção civil brasileira, setor que representa cerca de 7% do PIB do Brasil, sendo o maior gerador empregos diretos e indiretos da nossa economia e apesar de sua relevância algumas dificuldades são encontradas nesse setor como: atraso na entrega dos produtos, divergência na qualidade contratada e a entregue, desperdício de matérias primas e retrabalhos. Com o foco na logística representando uma ferramenta que potencializa o setor de serviços, buscou-se nesse estudo determinar a frequência dos problemas e a valoração de ganho com as melhorias propostas com base nos 8 “rs” em empresas da construção civil nas 5 regiões do Brasil.
Electronic sales made by micro and small enterprises to federal government: a critical analysis of the data on the breadth of processes
Authors: De Carvalho Luís Augusto , Ribeiro Rosinei Batista , Campos Rose Lima de Moraes , Sabbadini Francisco Santos , Da Silva Caio Fernando , Luciano Érik Leonel
Published: March 2023

The creation of e-government, changes have occurred both in the products offered to citizens and in the work process. Among these changes were the purchases of goods and services, which began to be made via reverse auctions on the Internet, through electronic purchasing portals. The ease of the purchasing process, the low cost of participation, and the laws created have given Micro and Small Enterprises the opportunity to sell electronically to the Public Administration. Studies carried out by SEBRAE (Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Enterprises) point to the growing trend of this activity as a differential, ensuring the continuity of the companies' activities. The present work aimed to present an analysis of electronic sales, by Micro and Small Enterprises, to the Federal Government, in the period from January to December 2013. To this end, it is performed quantitative exploratory research, using, as techniques for data collection, bibliographic and documentary research. The data were obtained through the Federal Government's purchasing statistics, disclosed on its purchasing portal. Thus, it was possible to know the participation of Micro and Small Enterprises in the electronic purchases of the Federal Government in the period from January to December 2013. The results show that 30% of the Federal Government's electronic purchases, representing R$ 14.1 billion, in the period from January to December 2013, were acquired from Micro and Small Enterprises, compared to the same period in 2012, showing an increase of 60% in the volume of sales by Micro and Small Enterprises.
Elicitation of Prior Knowledge: A Vital First Step for Engaging Pupils in Training
Authors: Chander Mahesh , Handage Sushant , Joshi Pragya
Published: March 2023

The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the prior knowledge of trainees as a pre-requisite for designing an effective training programme. Data on prior knowledge of trainees and their attitude towards extension services were elicited from 153 extension service providers (ESPs) of varied disciplines using a semi-structured interview schedule. The interview focussed on the extension advisory services and the agriculture extension policy in India. The results show that ESPs carried misconceptions and stereotyped opinions towards various aspects of the extension system. An effort was done by the researcher to address the popular misconceptions, debunk myths with truth and persuading the trainees towards delivering effective extension services well within the recommended resource availability.
The Role of Mathematics Knowledge in Advancing Learning of Science in Public Junior Secondary Schools in Rivers States
Authors: Avwiri Eseroghene , Okey I. Francis
Published: March 2023

The study investigated the roles of Mathematic knowledge in advancing learning of science in public junior secondary schools in River State. It identified mathematics knowledge and other factors required for advancing learning of science teaching and learning in public secondary schools. A descriptive survey method involving a population of 635 (585 students and 50 teachers) was adopted for the study. The study was guided by four research questions and one hypothesis. Mean was used to answer the research questions while t- test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The instrument Advancing Science through Mathematics Knowledge Questionnaire (ASMKQ) consisting of 20 items was validated by two experts in Integrated Science for content and face validity. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.89 obtained using test- retest method and Pearson Product Moments correlation coefficient (r). The main findings of the study are that, the effectiveness of student mathematics knowledge is required for their advancement of science learning, teachers mathematics knowledge influences the advancement of science teaching at the junior secondary school level and there are challenges to the advancement of science such as inadequate infrastructures (laboratories for experimentation), poor attitude to learning of science and mathematics, teachers lack of empathy. Also, the influence of the male and female teachers’ mathematics knowledge for the advancement of science teaching at the junior secondary school does not differ significantly. Based on these findings, it was recommended that students should improve in their mathematics knowledge and interest in science learning while the teachers’ mathematics knowledge and integration skills be improved if remarkable advances will be made in science teaching.
Bio-fortification of Cereals Based Bread Using Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato for Alleviating of Vitamin-A Deficiency
Authors: Kebero Kedir , Urga Kelbesa
Published: March 2023

Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and protein-energy malnutrition. Vitamin A is one of the most versatile vitamins with roles in various functions such as vision, immune defense, maintenance of body linings and skin. Fortifying cereals through processing and conventional breeding can tackle micronutrient deficiency. Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) is a source of food that contains useful β-carotene, starch, mineral, dietary fiber, and vitamins. The inclusion of OFSP enhances the beta-carotene content of bread. This research aims to develop Vitamin A rich cereals based bread enhanced with orange-fleshed sweet potato. The straight dough baking method was used to develop bread. Beta-carotene content and physical properties of bread were done based on standard methods. Blending of OFSP flour in cereals significantly influenced the physical properties of bread. The total carotenoid content of bread products with 10% of OFSP Flour was 3.998 mg/100 g while that of beta-carotene is 23.217 mg/100 g. Inclusion of OFSP in composite flour increased the total carotenoid and beta-carotene content of bread. Generally, formulated flour has huge advantageous as a means of enhancing beta-carotene content and helps to alleviate vitamin A deficiency.
Nutritional and Mineral Compositions of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Tubers from Different Ecotypes in Niger
Authors: Haoua Bori , Halima Oumarou Diadie , Iro Dan Guimbo , Toudou Adam
Published: March 2023

Nutritional characterization is an essential component for a better knowledge of the different ecotypes of Niger tiger nut. To do this, 20 samples of tiger nut tubers were taken for nutritional investigation, including 5 ecotypes representative of the Niger tiger nut and 15 others randomly selected from the ecotypes collected in the producing villages in the Maradi and Dosso regions. The content of mineral elements was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the content of macronutrients determined by different types of assay. The results showed that the tiger nut ecotypes are rich in lipids (12,00% to 25.20%), carbohydrates (24.50% to 47.70%), fiber (21.90% to 39.40%), protein (2.90% to 11.90%), and mineral elements such as calcium (14.100± 5.44a to 65.380± 19.940), iron (0.881± 0.017 to 15.809± 6.524), potassium (102.800± 2.970 to 308.410± 8.900), magnesium (366.800 ±1.942 to 471.830± 8.927). The fat content is much higher in small tigernut ecotypes with an average of 21.60% than in large tigernut ecotypes with an average of 14.90%. The Copper (Cu), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) contents are significantly identical for all the ecotypes studied. On the other hand, the Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Potassium(K) contents of ecotypes E1(Big tigernut), E2(Small tiger nut), E3(Small tiger nut), E4(Small black tiger nut), E5(Small wild tiger nut), E7(Small wild tiger nut), E8(Small tiger nut), E9(Small tiger nut), E11(Small tiger nut), E12(Small tiger nut), et E15(Big tigernut) are significantly higher compared to the other ecotypes. The study showed that the tiger nut tubers are rich in iron and that the iron composition of the wild ecotype is much higher. Compared to other foods, the tigernut tubers of certain ecotypes studied(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E7,E8, E9, E11, E12 and E15) are richer in iron than the leaves of Moriga oleifera (3.810 ± 0.120mg/100g), the pods of Vigna unguiculata (7.800± 0.150mg /100g) and leaves of Hubicus sabdariffa (8.270 ± 1.010 mg/100 g).
Hepatoprotective Activity of 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 Carboxylic Acid Isolated from the Methanol Extract of Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn. Stem Bark
Authors: Babu P. Suresh , Krishna V. , Bhavya D. C.
Published: March 2023

Aim of the Study: The phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanol extract of Dichrotachys cinerea Wight. stem bark was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced toxicity.

Materials and Methods: The constituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanolic extract of D. cinerea and the structure was confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Hepatoprotective property was screened in male wistar strain rats. The parameters studied were estimation of liver function serum markers such as serum total bilirubin, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase  and histological profile of the liver tissue.

Results: The LD50 of methanolic extract and constituent, 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 carboxylic acid were evaluated and found to be 500 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. The hepatoprotective activity of constituent was more significant as similar to the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. The histological profile of the liver tissue showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration as similar to the controls.

Conclusion: The methanolic extract of D. cinerea stem bark and the phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex-3-ene-1 carboxylic acid showed significant protection from CCl4 induced liver damage.
Influence of Different Organic Sources of Nutrients on Yield and Quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa
Authors: Jat R. K. , Joshi P. C. , Kumar Mukesh , Jat M. L. , Ramniwas .
Published: March 2023

A field experiment entitled, Influence of different organic sources of nutrients on yield and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa. The current study was designed in RBD with three replications consisting of twenty-two treatments with four different organic manures viz., farmyard manure, vermicompost, poultry manure and neem cake as a source of nitrogen and recommended dose of manure and fertilizers based on plant age with or without biofertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB & KMB) and biopesticides (Trichoderma viride and and Paecilomyces lilacinus). The findings based on pooled data discovered that maximum number of fruits per plant (59.50), yield per plant (12.41 kg), yield per hectare (19.86 tonne), fruit weight (239.39 g), fruit diameter (7.55 cm), aril weight per fruit (147.70 g), juice content per fruit (97.55 ml), peel weight per fruit (91.69 g) along with peel: aril ratio (0.62) was significantly noted under treatment 100 % RDN through poultry manure + 50 ml PSB + 25 ml KMB + 5 g Trichoderma viride + 5 ml Paecilomyces lilacinus. The maximum net return (4,12,840/ha) and BCR (3.26) were also obtained in same treatment. Significantly maximum TSS (16.15°Brix), reducing sugar (14.44 %), non-reducing (2.04 %) and total sugar (16.48 %) along with minimum titrable acidity (0.41 %) were recorded with application of 37.5 % RDN through FYM + 37.5 % RDN through neem cake + 50 ml Azotobacter culture + 50 ml PSB + 25 ml KMB + 5 g Trichoderma viride + 5 ml Paecilomyces lilacinus treatment. Whereas, maximum ascorbic acid content (16.72 mg/100 ml juice) was significantly found under treatment 100 % RDN through FYM + 50 ml PSB + 25 ml KMB + 5 g Trichoderma viride + 5 ml Paecilomyces lilacinus.
Standardizing Drip Irrigation Scheduling and NPK Levels on Economics and Energy use of Mentha (Mentha arvensis) Crop in Tarai Regions of Uttarakhand
Authors: Jat Malchand , Singh Gurvinder , Choudhary Sunita
Published: March 2023

To standardize the scheduling of drip irrigation and NPK levels on yield, economics and energy use of mentha crop, this field study was executed at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), India in the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research center during the spring season of 2017. This experiment was performed in Factorial RBD having three replications. Three drip irrigation scheduling levels, 75%, 100% and 125% based on cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) loss with one control as a conventional flood and three NPK levels, 75%, 100% and 125% are taken as treatments. Experimental data conclude that drip irrigation CPE and NPK levels at 125% recorded the maximum fresh herbage (29699 and 30027 kg/ha), oil yield (260 and 274 kg/ha) and farm economics. Further the highest oil content was recorded with 125% NPK level (0.92%) but in case of CPE level, it is highest with 75% CPE (0.94%). Highest total energy input and output recorded with 125% CPE and 125% NPK levels, being 18674 and 18383 MJ/ha (input), 51988 MJ/ha and 55099 MJ/ha (output), respectively. Energy use efficiency and energy productivity increase with increase in irrigation levels and NPK dose, being highest with 125% CPE and 125% NPK dose. Again Drip irrigation and NPK level of 125% recorded maximum energy intensiveness of 0.24 MJ/Rs and 0.23 MJ/Rs and net energy gain of 33604 MJ/ha and 36425 MJ/ha, respectively.
Risk Behavior of Small and Marginal Farmers in Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Mohanraj V. , Balasubramaniam P. , Senthilkumar M.
Published: March 2023

Farmers’ risk preferences play an important role in agricultural production decisions, risk takers means the farmers who are willing to take risky decisions in farming, risk aversion means an attitude of reluctance to take risky decisions in farming. Climatic change effects all regions across the globe and causes substantial agitations that can be expected to be natural systems that have foreseeable influences on the economic systems of upland regions through both direct and indirect means. Risk preferences reflect the farmers’ personal experiences and beliefs, these preferences explain how the decision-maker assesses and react to risks. This study characterizes risk behaviour among marginal and small farmers in Cauvery Delta Zone and determines how these risk preferences affects the farmers. The study was conducted in Cauvery Delta zone of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts with a Sample size of 366 farmers which consists of 183 marginal and 183 small farmers was selected randomly based on proportionate random sampling method. The risk behavior was measured by the measure of risk attitude and two lottery methods viz., Eckel-Grossman and Holt-Laury based lottery method. Measure of risk attitude results shows that, 27.60 per cent of farmers were moderate risk taker followed by 24.30 per cent were risk averser and 15.00 per cent of farmers were risk taker. The Eckel and Grossman lottery method result shows CRRA (Constant Relative Risk Aversion) value was 0.38 to 0.67, which shows that marginal farmers were risk aversers and small farmers were moderate risk takers. The CRRA adapted from Holt and Laury [1] range for the maximum was 1.37 and minimum -1.71 for their choices. The majority of marginal farmers were risk aversers, the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers decides the risk preference. The risk-averse farmer this may imply risk-taking behavior that is reduced by risk aversion (resulting in on-farm risk management strategies) and a reduced demand of insurance.
Enhancing Productivity and Water Use Efficiency of Zaid Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) through Sprinkler Irrigation, Fertility Amendments and Bio-regulator
Authors: Meena Harphool , Yadav Rajendra K. , Manoj  , Dhakar Uditi , Singh Pratap , Narolia R. S. , Ram Baldev , Kumar Rajesh , Ghasil Bahnu Pratap , Yadav Shankar Lal , Yadav Vinod K.
Published: March 2023

An experiment was conducted on mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) during three consecutive years of zaid (2016 to 2018) at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Rajasthan). The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations including three irrigation regimes (IW/CPE ratio 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2) and four fertility amendments along with foliar spray of bio-regulator (100 % RDF, 100 % RDF + salicylic acid 100 ppm, 125 % RDF + salicylic acid 100 ppm and 150% RDF + salicylic acid 100 ppm) were under taken in split plot design with four replications. The maximum grain yield (930 kg ha-1) was recorded under application of IW/CPE ratio 1.2 over IW/CPE ratio 1.0 and 0.8. Significantly higher WUE (2.04 and 2.03 kg ha-mm-1) and WP (0.204 and 0.203 kg m-3) were recorded under irrigation regime of IW/CPE ratio 1.2 and 1.0 in comparison to IW/CPE ratio 0.8. Significantly higher net return (Rs. 37409/- ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.89) were recorded under irrigation regime of IW/CPE ratio 1.2 over irrigation regimes of IW/CPE ratio 1.0 and 0.8. The maximum grain yield (830 and 840 kg ha-1) was recorded with the application of 125 % RDF + foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm remained on par with 150 % RDF + foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm, but it was found significantly superior over application of over application of 100 % RDF + foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm and 100 % RDF. Significantly higher water use efficiency (2.06 kg ha-mm-1) and water productivity (0.206 kg m-3) were recorded in mungbean with the application of 125 % RDF + foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm over application of 100% RDF + foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm and 100 % RDF in mungbean. Application of 125 % RDF + foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm gave maximum net return (Rs. 31272/- ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.59) over application of 100% RDF + foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm and 100 % RDF.
Agronomic Zn Biofortification of Cereal Crops a Sustainable Way to Ensuring Nutritional Security: A Review
Authors: Barman Anamika , Bera Anurag , Saha Priyanka , Tiwari Himanshu , Dey Saptaparnee , Kumar Shital , Patel Shashank , Meena Deepak Kumar
Published: March 2023

Nutritional deficits in humans and animals constitute a hidden epidemic in many impoverished areas across the world. The staple foods of developing South Asian and African nations, such as rice, wheat, and maize, are poor in micronutrients. In recent past, a lack of food diversification i.e., cereal-based crops low in minerals, is another danger to nutritional quality and security. Because of the inherently low-level accumulation of nutrients in cereal crops, they are the primary target for bio-fortification among all crops. Among different micronutrients, zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient that plays a vital role in a variety of physiological functions, and its scarcity will result in lower crop yields and productivity. Agronomic practices like application of fertilizers in soil, nutri-priming, foliar spray etc. enhance the availability and uptake of Zn in crops. As a result, the growth and development, quality parameters and yield attributes of crop enhanced significantly. Therefore, agronomic biofortification of Zn in cereal crop is utmost important to achieve nutritional quality and food security. Furthermore, biofortification boosted the crop productivity to alleviate hidden hunger, in addition to quality aspects, proving to be a sustainable and cost-effective strategy. With soil and foliar fertiliser applications, including amendments, the agronomic interventions boost the Zn concentration in cereal crops. In this review the importance of agronomic Zn biofortification as a procedure to improve cereal yield and as an agricultural solution to solve nutritional quality and food security challenges is discussed.
Optimizing Cow Urine Application Rate at Varying Fertility and Zinc Levels on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Productivity under Dairy Based Farming System in Varanasi Tract
Authors: Choudhary Sunita , Bohra J. S. , Jat Malchand
Published: March 2023

This field investigation was carried out in two consecutive years of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.) to assess the effect of cow urine application at varying fertility and zinc levels on growth and yield of wheat                           (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigated condition of Varanasi. Results showed that application of the fertilizer at 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz. plant height, number of tiller m-1 row length; yield attributes viz. number of effective tiller m-2, spike length, grains spike-1 and test weight as well as grain and straw yield than 75% RDF during both the years. Among the zinc levels, zinc applied at 10 kg ha-1 though remained comparable to 5 kg Zn ha-1, recorded significantly higher values of these parameters over control. Cow urine at the rate of 12000 l ha-1 applied equally at sowing, CRI (Crown Root Initiation) and spike emergence (SE) stages gave higher values of plant height, number of tiller m-1 row length, spike length and number of grain spike-1 which being at par with 4000 l ha-1 cow urine each at sowing and CRI, both recorded significantly higher values than control. However, with respect to effective tillers m-2, grain and straw yield, significant increase was noticed with each increment of cow urine, recording maximum at 12000 l ha-1 during both the years.
Left Trans-thoracic Evisceration of a Perforated Transverse Colon
Authors: Atemkeng T. F. , Dongmo A. , Banga N. D. D. , Amougou B. , Mgamba K. , Leroy Guifo , Essomba A. , Nonga Ngo , Mikande Ze , Djam C. A.
Published: March 2023

We received a 31 years old male who presented to the emergency after been stabbed on both thorax. The left thoracic wound was the site of evisceration of colon. The  eviscerated colon was perforated. The patient was instable. After stabilisation, he was operated under general anesthesia. A bilateral thoracic drainage done,one and the right thoracic stab wound was then closed. A median laparotomy discovered the left colic herniation through the left diaphragmatic coupole, continuing through the thorax by the evisceration and a gastric tear. The colon was wached and reduced first through the abdomen by gentle traction. The left parietal wound was then closed. The left thorax cavity was washed and the diaphragmatic hole closed. The left transverse colonic tear was excised and closed. He stayed 5 days in the   intensive care unit. We had a superficial site infection of the laparotomy wound treated by saline wet dressing for 20 days. After one month hospitalisation, the patient was discharged. He resumed his work after 3 months and is doing well at 12 months postoperative. This case emphasizes on a rare surprise awaiting the trauma surgeon.
Silicon Uptake Mechanism and its Multidimensional Influences on Stress Mitigation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ashokan Akhila , Anand S. , Aparna B. , Mini V.
Published: March 2023

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the earth crust constituting 27.7 per cent. The beneficial effects of Si includes mitigation of various forms of abiotic and biotic stresses. Rice (Oryza sativa), a typical Si accumulator, takes up Si actively in the form of silicic acid. There are three transporters involved in the uptake of Si viz, LSi1, LSi2 and LSi3.  Influx transporter (LSi1) takes up silicic acid from soil solution and mediates its transport upto the exodermal layer of root system, followed by the efflux transporter (LSi2), which transports it across the aerenchyma. Further movement of Si to the aerial parts of the plant is mediated by another influx transporter, LSi6 and finally gets deposited as silica in the plant parts. Silicon present in soil solution as well as its deposition in plants helps in mitigating various stresses in rice. Si application during drought stress prevents compression of xylem vessels and thereby resulting in reduction of transpiration rate. Sufficient supply of Si stabilises the culms and serves to decrease the risk of lodging. Rice is sensitive to metal toxicities like Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Aluminium (Al). Si complexation with these metal ions decreases their translocation rate and reduces the toxic effects. Heavy metal toxicity due to accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) can be alleviated through supplementation of Si. Si also ameliorates salt stress by decreasing Na uptake and its root-to-shoot translocation. Silicon deposition in plant parts provides a mechanical barrier against pathogens and pests. The plants supplied with Si produce phenolics and phytoalexins in response to fungal infection and cuticle-Si double layer act as a defence mechanism preventing pests. The key mechanisms of Si-mediated alleviation of stresses in rice include stimulation of antioxidants, complexation of toxic metal ions with Si, immobilization of toxic metal ions and compartmentation of metal ions within plants.
Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses and their Management Prospects on Vegetative Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality of Grafted Solanaceous Vegetables for Hi-valued Horticultural Production
Authors: Imandi Swathi , Bahadur Vijay
Published: March 2023

Grafted veggie seedlings are an exceptional horticultural technique that has been used for a very long time. This approach, along with improved grafting techniques appropriate for commercial production and productivity of grafted vegetable seedlings, was introduced into Europe and other nations in the late 20th century. mainly connected to illness prevalence and abiotic stress tolerance, such as stress from soil and water pollution. Grafting is one of the best techniques to use in organic farming practises, according to a number of study studies on the subject. In order to increase a plant's quality and resilience to both high and low temperatures, grafting is used. The variety of rootstock used has a significant impact on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of scion solanaceous crops. With a focus on the genetics and breeding of the rootstock, this review examines recent literature on vegetable grafting and explores current problems affecting the grafting industry. Fruit quality of solanaceous agricultural plants grafted on S. sisymbriifolium, S. torvum, and S. toxicarium rootstocks—all of which are immune to soil-borne diseases—was compared to that of plants on their own roots.
Effect of Intercropping Systems with Different Levels of Sulphur on Protein Content, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield Attributes of Mungbean
Authors: Doutaniya R. K. , Dotaniya C. K. , Singh Narpat , Dautaniya Hansa , Lata Manju , Mohbe Sandeep , Kumawat Laxman
Published: March 2023

Mungbean is the most important crop in arid Rajasthan. Improving productivity by improving soil fertility is essential for farmers' economic viability. The effect of sulphur graded doses on yield attributes of mungbean grown as (mungbean + sesame) intercropping was studied in the field. For these four sulphur levels, viz., 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg sulphur ha-1 in five intercropping systems, viz., sole mungbean and sole sesame, mungbean + sesame in 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1. Harvest index, MEY, LER, N concentration, total nitrogen uptake, protein content, seed, and straw yield were all significantly higher than other crop yield attributes. Mungbean protein content, nitrogen content, uptake, and yield were highest when mungbean and sesame (4:1) was used, with levels reaching 45 kg S ha-1. In case of sulphur, the maximum quality parameters were observed when sulphur was applied to 45 kg ha-1 of mungbean.
Synergistic effect of straw-mulch and mycorrhiza-biofertilizer in increasing yield of black rice intercropped with soybean on raised-beds in aerobic irrigation system
Authors: Wangiyana Wayan , Muliarta Aryana Gusti Putu , Farida Nihla
Published: March 2023

Application of mycorrhiza-biofertilizer and intercropping with legume crops could improve performance and yield of red-rice grown onraised-beds under aerobic irrigation systems, but weeds became a serious problem, which needs more frequent weeding. A Split Split-Plot (SSP) experiment was designed to examine synergistic effects of rice-straw mulch and mycorrhiza-biofertilizer application on yieldof several black rice promising-lines that were additively intercropped with soybean on aerobically irrigated raised-beds. Three treatmentfactors including black-rice genotypes (G3, G9, G4/15), straw mulching (S0= without; S1= with mulch), and mycorrhiza-biofertilizer(M0= without; M1= with biofertilizer) were arranged as the main, subplots and sub-subplots respectively in three blocks (replications).The results indicated that straw mulch and biofertilizer application significantly increased growth and yield of the black rice plants, whilethe genotypes were also significantly different in several growth and yield variables. However, there were significant interaction effectsof mycorrhiza-genotypes (M*G), mycorrhiza-straw (M*S), and mycorrhiza-straw-genotype (M*S*G) on several growth and yield variables,indicating variation of responses to mycorrhiza among the genotypes. The M*S*G interaction also indicated synergistic effects betweenstraw mulch and mycorrhiza biofertilizer in increasing the black rice yield, in which the S1M1 treatment resulted in the highest grain yieldon the G4/15 line (58.2 g/clump) while the S0M0 treated G9 line showed the lowest yield (29.8 g/clump).
Dairy farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions towards environmental risks in Northwest Turkey
Authors: Özsayın Damla
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the factors that affect dairy farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions towards environmental risks in Northwest Turkey. By the proportional sampling method, data were collected from 381 dairy farmers. The survey was performed from September 2020 to June 2021. The study data were evaluated by descriptive statistics, risk matrix method, equally likely certainty equivalent method and probit model. In this study, severe storm, excessive rainfall/flood, livestock diseases, high temperature and drought was posed an important risk for dairy farmers. The majority of them showed risk aversion behaviour. Age, education level, household size, dairy farming experience, the number of dairy cattle, the land ownership status, livestock insurance and access of agricultural credits had a significant effect on risk perceptions and attitudes of dairy farmers. As a result, these findings are expected to ensure contribution to rural development, province and region economy, insurance institutions, agricultural policy makers, and further emphasizing the importance of environmental risks in dairy farming activity
Multivariate analysis of selected agro-morphological traits of common wheat genotypes for estimation of genetic diversity
Authors: Bibi Sadaf , Inamulla Inamulla , Qayyum Abdul
Published: March 2023

Estimation of genetic diversity of plant species using agro morphological parameters is of very crucial importance in plant improvement programs. In view of that common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes consisting of stripe rust resistant genes were analyzed by cluster analysis, principle component analysis and coefficient of correlation analysis for determination of genetic diversity. Experiment was conducted in fields of Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan. Eight groups were categorized by cluster analysis using UPGMA clustering method. AOC-YR/ATTILA (CGSS97Y0061S-23Y-1B-1B) (Sdf31) and 10790 (sdf2) are reported as more diversified by cluster analysis. Based on principal component analysis the first five clusters showed 88.94% of genetic variation. Grains per spike contributed more (0.7) to total variation in PCI. While Harvest Index was the major contributor (0.8) to total variation in PCII. 1056 (Sdf5), AOC-YR/ATTILA (CGSS97Y0061S-32Y-1B-1B) (sdf30), 1072 (sdf6), 1076 (sdf9), and LALBMONO4*4/PRL//LALB (CGSS99Y00093S-2F1-22Y-9GHB-1GHB) (sdf32) were observed superior in flag leaf area, spike length, grains per spike, plant height, biological yield, plant yield and harvest index. AOC-YR/ATTILA (CGSS97Y0061S-32Y-1B-1B) (Sdf30) was found as early maturing genotype. Correlation analysis showed positive and significant association of plant yield with flag leaf area, spike length and biological yield, while it is highly negatively correlated to no. of days to maturity. More diversified genotypes identified in this studies can be used in future breeding programs along with utilization of superior genotypes in hybridization.

Key words: cluster analysis, correlation, genetic diversity, principal component analysis, whea
The fruit peel anatomy, leaf nutrient content, and fruit quality of ‘Terigas’ mandarin in relation to fruit cracking
Authors: Anto Hardiy , Devy N. F. , Dwiastut M. E. , Sugiyatno A.
Published: March 2023

‘Terigas’ mandarin is one of the cultivars cultivated in almost all of Indonesia’s provinces. However, this cultivar is prone to cracking, and little research has been conducted on fruit cracking in Indonesia. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of fruit cracking on peel anatomy, leaf nutrient content, and fruit quality in ‘Terigas’ cultivar. A Completely Block Design (CBD) with three replications was used. Results showed that the peel thickness of uncracked with big fruit size was significantly the highest, while epidermis of cracked fruit with big size was the thickest. The largest oil glands size was shown in uncracked fruit with a big size. The leaf that supported uncracked fruit with a big size had the highest Ca content, whereas the lowest Ca content was observed in the leaf that supported cracked fruit with a small size. In contrast, the leaf that supported cracked with a small fruit size had the highest Zn content. Regardless of fruit size, fruit weight, fruit diameter, and pH of uncracked fruit were significantly much higher than cracked ones. Nevertheless, the Total Soluble Acid and vitamin C of cracked fruit were significantly higher than uncracked ones. This study may provide the important keys to the fruit cracking effect, and as a tool to lessen citrus fruit cracking, especially in ‘Terigas’ mandari
Physicochemical properties of chickpea hull and corn bran gums
Authors: M Vázquez-Banda , Cauich J.G Dzul- , Vieyra M.I. García
Published: March 2023

Currently, there is increasing interest on natural hydrocolloids such as gums. In the present work, the solubility, zeta potential and rheological properties of gums from chickpea hull and corn bran were studied. Chickpea hull and corn bran gums were extracted from chickpea hulls and nejayote, respectively. The chickpea hull gum had 2.98% of protein (w/w) and corn bran gum 2.28% (w/w), an ash content of 2.25% (w/w) and 6.21% (w/w), respectively. Chickpea hull gum (CHG) had its highest solubility (above 50%) at 50 °C and 12 hours. Corn bran gum showed a solubility over 90% at 12 hours at 25 °C. The Zeta potential values for both gums were negative (from -0.33 mV to -20.0 mV) through the pH range studied (from 2.0 to 7.0). The dispersions of both gums showed a rheological behavior in which viscosity decreases when increasing the shear rate from 10-2 s-1 to 103 s-1 for chickpea hull gum and corn bran gum at 2%; the rheological viscosity values of the dispersions was adjusted to the Carreau-Yasuda model.Keywords: Gums; Solubility; Zeta Potential; Viscosity; Shear-thinning
Stiffness and strength evaluation of prestressed timber beam with unbonded steel Strand and reinforced concrete Beam‐Column joint
Authors: Shirayama Takashi , Satou Nozomi , Tokutake Shigetaka
Published: March 2023

The deformation behavior of prestressed timber beams after a gap opens at the beam‐column interface is evaluated in this study using the compressive stress distribution along the beam length. The correlation between moment at the beam end and beam deformation is studied for three types of specimens. The evaluation results indicate that the prediction is in good agreement with the experimental results up to the proportional limit of the material. In addition, the bending ultimate strength calculated using the compressive stress distribution at the beam end, which is obtained from the compressive stress–strain relationship, is also verified with the values of moments in the experiment. Finally, an alternative elastic element model with a quadrilinear rigid‐plastic spring at the element end was proposed.
Microstructure, Texture Evolution, and Aging Behavior of a Cold‐Rolled Ti–B20 Alloy
Authors: Ji Xuanming , Xiang Song , Tan Yuanbiao , Hu Shuang , Shi Wei
Published: March 2023

The microstructure, texture evolution, and aging behavior of a cold‐rolled (CR) Ti–B20 alloy are investigated in this work. The results show that the microstructure of the solution‐treated (ST) Ti–B20 alloy consists of equiaxed recrystallized grains and exhibits typical {001}<110> and {001}<100> textures. After cold rolling, the initial equiaxial grains are stretched along the rolling direction (RD), which can produce typical deformation textures of γ‐fiber {111}<112> and {111}<110> textures. For the CR samples after aging treatment, small amounts of needle‐like or spherical α‐phases preferentially precipitate in the grain boundaries of deformed β grains during aging treatment; many nanosized α‐phases uniformly precipitate in the grain boundaries and inside the β grains. A high dislocation density is generated in CR samples, promoting α‐phase nucleation, increasing the volume fraction, and decreasing the α‐phase size during aging treatment.
Oxyanion Engineering Suppressed Iron Segregation in Nickel–Iron Catalysts Toward Stable Water Oxidation
Authors: Liao Hanxiao , Ni Ganghai , Tan Pengfei , Liu Kang , Liu Xuanzhi , Liu Hele , Chen Kejun , Zheng Xusheng , Liu Min , Pan Jun
Published: March 2023

Nickel–iron catalysts represent an appealing platform for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media because of their high adjustability in components and activity. However, their long‐term stabilities under high current density still remain unsatisfactory due to undesirable Fe segregation. Herein, a nitrate ion (NO3−) tailored strategy is developed to mitigate Fe segregation, and thereby improve the OER stability of nickel–iron catalyst. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations indicate that introducing Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 with stable NO3− in the lattice is conducive to constructing the stable interface of FeOOH/Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 via the strong interaction between Fe and incorporated NO3−. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and wavelet transformation analysis demonstrate that the NO3− tailored nickel–iron catalyst greatly alleviates Fe segregation, exhibiting a considerably enhanced long‐term stability with a six‐fold improvement over FeOOH/Ni(OH)2 without NO3− modification. This work represents a momentous step toward regulating Fe segregation for stabilizing the catalytic performances of nickel–iron catalysts.
Photoinduced Radical Cyclization of 1,6‐Diynes: Rapid Access to Highly Substituted Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Reddy Mutra Mohana , Chen Yu‐Ting , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: March 2023

We have developed photoinduced sulfonyl radical‐triggered cyclization of 1,6‐dynes without metals, oxidants, or additives. During the reaction, three new bonds are formed (−SO2−C, C−C, and C−I/C−Se−) under mild conditions, with excellent selectivity. The conversion is temporally and atomically economical and is easy to handle even on a gram scale. Detailed mechanistic studies showed that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway. Subsequent synthetic transformations of the new products produced various substituted compounds. Importantly, we observed an unprecedented and selective C−C single bond cleavage with boronic acid insertion under Suzuki reaction conditions.

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