bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Heater Control Equipment in Interface Mill Product Part Separator Process
Authors: Imtihan Miftahul , Hendrawan Verry Surya , Hartono Ari
Published: March 2024

The interface mill product's indication of the supporting components reveals a surplus of flaws, leading to the waste of plastic and iron materials. Black spots and holes are the two main forms of defect criterion finds, and both require correct handling to prevent long-term material and financial consequences. The equipment in this study is being designed with the intention of separating the supporting components of the plastic material from the iron substance so that both materials can be recycled. The strategy used to accomplish the goals of this study is the creation of a heater control system. The findings indicated that for the separation process for iron material portions to be carried out optimally, the temperature needed to melt plastic material was between 177 and 276 oC. Conclusion: This tool's design makes it easier for workers to separate parts with a 93% efficiency, lowering material prices by about Rp. 39,280,000 and handling time with tools by 164,976 seconds. Additionally, the iron material that is separated may be recycled.
Comparative Investigation of the Tensile Strength of Steel Bars With and Without Couplers
Authors: Darma Eko , Nuranto Jaka Muslim , Prihesnanto Fajar
Published: March 2024

Connection in reinforced concrete is unavoidable due to limited length of steel. As known the maximum length of steel 12 metres and used for beams, columns, plates, foundations, etc. Sometimes several buildings use long spans between column to column for architecture causes longer steel needs. If spans are more than 12 metres the steels should be connected by welding, coupler drates, and other parts of connection. Coupler drates one of the most popular connection and it is easy to make connection between steels in the reinforcement concrete. This research aims to determine the behaviour of steels when they were tensioned at testing machine either full steel bar and connected steel bar by coupler drates. The testing was conducted at the materials laboratory the references for testing are Indonesian standards for testing materials like SNI - 2052 - 2017, SNI - 8389 - 2017 and SNI - 07 - 0408 - 1989. The type of steel bars for testing are drate steels of diameters 25 mm and 32 mm and the type of test is tensioning test. The results of testing for normal steel bar of D- 25 mm is 619.3 MPa and D-32 mm is 636 MPa respectively and steel bar with coupler drates for D- 25 mm is 428 MPa and D-32 mm is 522.5 MPa respectively. It means tension strength of D-25 mm coupler drates decreases 30.88 % and tension strength of D-32 mm decreases 17.84 % as compared with steel bars.
Study the Performance and Emissions of Biodiesel Hydrofuel in Diesel Engine
Authors: Aldebaran Daniel , Bhikuning Annisa , Wijaya Jefa Danar Indra , Irhashi Zidni Rizki , Hafnan Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The current situation of high prices of petroleum oil needs to be studied to find alternative fuels that can reduce some emissions. The use of biodiesel in a mixture of diesel fuel is an alternative to address the global crisis related to the depletion of petroleum reserves. Moreover, mixing biodiesel into diesel fuel can reduce some emissions such as CO, HC, and particulate matter. However, the NOx emissions are still high. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance and emissions using diesel fuel with a mixture of deionized water (ratio 60:40) in comparison with Indonesian diesel fuel (B30). Test fuels are conducted in a diesel engine with different loads of idle, 36% and 68% with the engine rotation of 1500 rpm. The results show that mixing 40% deionized water with diesel fuel can reduce emissions of HC up to 0,29%, and NOx by 21,56% than diesel fuel at 68% load. Moreover, the specific fuel consumption can be down up to 3% more than diesel fuel. Therefore, deionized water fuel can be the solution to make better fuel properties, can reduce emissions, and be friendly to the environment.
Chitosan as a Biopolymer in the EOR Method: A Literature Study
Authors: Ulfah Baiq Maulinda , Fathaddin Muhammad Taufiq , Setiati Rini , Ratnaningsih Dyah Rini , Suprayitno Abdi , Afifah Rohima Sera , Firdaus
Published: March 2024

Writing this article aims to study the potential of shrimp shell waste to become a biopolymer that can be used in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Indonesia's oil production has decreased, one solution that can be done is Enhanced Oil Recovery, especially chemical injections in the form of polymers. Shrimp shell waste is quite abundant in Indonesia, but its utilization is not optimal. Shrimp shells contain chitin which can be processed into chitosan. Chitosan from shrimp shells can be developed as a biopolymer to increase the viscosity of water and reduce the mobility ratio of water and oil. The writing method used is to review several articles related to the processing of shrimp shells into chitosan biopolymer and polymer injection. Shrimp shell contains 15,33% chitin and the quality of the resulting chitosan has a Degree of Deacetylene (DD) value of 69,87%. Biopolymer obtained from the synthesis of shrimp shells can increase the viscosity of water and has the potential as an injection material in Enhanced Oil recovery, especially chemical injections that can increase the recovery of oil production.
Subsonic Wind Tunnels Air Speed Control Devices Base on Arduino Controller
Authors: Setiawan M. Yasep , Kurniawan Andre , Ichsan  , Sugiarto Toto , Hidayat Nuzul , Susanto Edy , Masykur  , Miswardi
Published: March 2024

This study discusses the process of making an airspeed control device for wind tunnels using Arduino as the main component of the controller unit. Wind tunnel testing is carried out at varying airspeeds to obtain optimal results. The fan motor is not equipped with an air speed controller as an airflow generator. This research aims to make a tool that can control wind tunnel airspeed according to the testing needs. This research was conducted using the research and development method. The power supply voltage output is set at 11.19 Volts as the Arduino voltage source, and for other components such as LCDs, servo motors, relay modules, and anemometer sensors supplied from the Arduino mainboard plus and arranged in parallel with the power supply source reduced using a stepdown to 5.069 Volts. This subsonic wind tunnel's airflow speed control device can regulate the speed from 10 m/s to 13 m/s stably. This speed meets the requirements of a subsonic wind tunnel and can be used to visualize the airflow in the wind tunnel.
Utilization of Anthropometric Data to Determine Strap Length for Rattan Shoulder Bag Products in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi Dwi , Ismail Siti Haida , Daud Mohd Yusof M.D. , Mohammad Roslina , Irwan Muh , Wulaningrum Ratna
Published: March 2024

The straps of rattan bag handicraft products in Indonesia have different shapes and sizes. This can be observed from the straps of rattan shoulder bags designed to have a permanent size, leading to the lack of flexibility in increasing or decreasing the length of the bag to fit the height of the users. Therefore, this study aimed to design a standard ergonomic strap length for rattan shoulder bags in order to ensure compatibility with small, medium, and large-sized users in Indonesia. The process was conducted through the retrieval of anthropometric data for women between the ages of 17 and 45 years for calculations. The results showed that 60 cm was the appropriate length for small-sized users, 85 cm for medium, and 100 cm for large. The implication of the results was to provide support for the production of different strap length designs based on the differences in the type of bag and body size. Moreover, the results contributed to the rattan handicraft industry by providing recommendation on the standard strap lengths for shoulder bags to be produced.
The Effectiveness of Combination of Piper betle L. ethanol Extract and Manuka Honey Spray Gel to Accelerating Acute Wound Healing
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Eka Sakti , Wijayatri Ratna , Handayani Estrin
Published: March 2024

Acute wounds are injuries that occur suddenly to tissues that are prone to the risk of being infected. Therefore, acute wound care must be considered carefully. Piper betle leaf contains flavonoids that have a function in the wound healing process, Manuka honey also contains vitamins that can support the healing phase. The combination of Piper betle L. and manuka honey is made into a spray gel preparation because it has advantages over other topical preparations. The purpose of this study is to see how well a combination wound healing spray gel of Piper betle L. and Manuka honey works on an acute wound in mice. This study uses experimental research with a randomized, matched post-test-only control group design. The formulation taken was maceration extraction from Piper betle L. Simplicia powder with 70% ethanol then evaporated to acquire a concentrated concentrate. Spray gel preparations of a combination of Piper betle L extract and manuka honey were made with a concentration of 1% Piper betle L and Manuka honey, 3% Piper betle L and Manuka honey, and 5% Piper betle L and Manuka honey. Balb/c mice that had full-thickness acute wounds were divided into 7 treatment groups, namely SM1, SM2, SM3, M, KP, B, and D. Mice were treated for 14 days and the wound area ratio was calculated and analyzed by ANOVA. The test results showed a significant difference between groups SM3-M, SM5-M, M-SM3, M-SM5, KP-M, B-SM3, and BM with a significance value below 0.05 (p≤0.05) which proves that the spray gel combination of Piper betle L extract and Manuka honey, oxoferin, and base both have activity in accelerating acute wound healing.
The road toward smart city infrastructures: A review on 3d facade reconstruction using images
Authors: Arhrib Youssef , El Kharki Omar , Wahbi Meriam , Alaoui Otmane Yazidi , Maatouk Mustapha , Boulaassal Hakim
Published: March 2024

Numerous types of solid structures protect coastal activities and cities from the damaging effects of tides and waves all around the globe. Thus, having a three-dimensional digital representation of the physical environment would help decision-makers in understanding the dynamic nature of coastal environments and implementing effective mitigation strategies. Generally speaking, Feature matching, Structure from Motion (SFM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) algorithms are used in this order to achieve realistic results. The Literature shows that there is a constant evolution of new techniques and technologies either with learning based or hand-crafted approach, which gives a possibility to integrate different method to optimize each step of the three-dimensional reconstruction process. The aim of this paper is to present the progress of three-dimensional modelling methods that use ground-level images by providing an overview of the latest applications and a comparison of their results. Overall, the state-of-the-art in three-dimensional building modelling using ground-level imagery is rapidly evolving, and new ways are being developed to improve the efficiency, accuracy and scalability of the process
Seasonal tracking of the Moroccan Mediterranean coastal risks between Tangier and Ksar-Sghir
Authors: Rghif Yousra , Ed-Daoudy Lhoussaine , Afilal Haitam , El Meraoui Abdelmaoula , Damnati Brahim
Published: March 2024

The Mediterranean coast stretching from Tangier to Ksar Sghir within the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region represents a crucial coastal area. This region's coastal environment faces multiple challenges, including demographic pressures and the evolving impacts of climate change which result in sea-level rise. Our research takes a comprehensive approach, integrating sedimentary and mineralogical analysis, along with the application of GIS tools for data processing and visualization. Through this research, we aim to identify vulnerable coastal areas, particularly those susceptible to erosion, and assess the effects of climate change, specifically focusing on rising sea levels. This study's findings shed light on the dynamic coastal landscape and provide valuable insights for sustainable coastal management in the face of environmental change. Our study shows that the studied region suffers from significant losses in the surface area of sand on some beaches due to the phenomenon of erosion. At the same time, some beaches knew a set back the shoreline by several metres, and others knew to advance the shoreline by several metres. In this way, it constitutes a continuation of a development that began several centuries ago, and which has been observed in the Mediterranean coast between Tangier and Ksar Sghir coastlines in the context of a rapid rise in sea level.
Assessment of the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water source and a well in Bakoya aquifer, northern Morocco
Authors: Benaissa Chaimae , Rossi Abdelhamid , Bouhmadi Belkacem , El Hammoudani Yahya , Dimane Fouad
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate the physical, chemical, and bacteriological quality of water derived from both a well and a spring across three distinct periods (2008, 2012, and 2021) in both summer and winter. These sampling points are situated within the urbanized area of Al Hoceima and serve as crucial sources of drinking water for a substantial portion of the city's population due to their proximity to the city center. The water hardness values observed at these natural points ranged from 5.9 to 82 (°F), categorizing the water from these sources as very hard. Furthermore, the Piper diagram revealed chemical facies characterized by chlorinated sodium and calcium magnesium sulfate. The elevated concentrations of sodium and chloride were attributed to the proximity of the Mediterranean Sea shoreline. Analysis of bacteriological parameters in these waters uncovered notable contamination by fecal germs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the water samples identified two primary groups, elucidated by two factors that collectively account for 79.37% of the variance. The first factor (50.11%) is linked to gypsum dissolution and marine intrusion, while the second factor (29.26%) is associated with external contributions such as anthropogenic pollution.
Performance Study of the Al Hoceima Seawater Desalination Plant
Authors: Aoueryagel Iman , Bensitel Nihade , Chaouket Faiza , Raissouni Ihssane , Es-Smiri Iman , Bouchta Dounia
Published: March 2024

The growing demand for freshwater, amplified by climate change, can lead to variations in precipitation patterns and cause more frequent and severe droughts, reinforcing the need for seawater desalination to meet these growing needs. Seawater desalination has become a vital solution in many countries, notably Morocco, which has launched an ambitious program to install seawater desalination plants using the reverse osmosis technique in semi-arid zones. The AL HOCEIMA seawater desalination plant came on stream in June 2020. To keep the plant running smoothly and assess the efficiency of all its operational processes, operating indicators for each treatment process were monitored and compared with expected performance. The results of the evaluation showed that the plant is performing well in terms of producing dimenarilated water by reverse osmosis, and this is due to the adequate pre- treatment adopted by the plant. However, optimizing the remineralization of desalinated water still poses a problem in terms of alkalinity and hardness. Treated water always has an aggressive, corrosive character.
Contribution Of Supervised And Unsupervised Classification In Inundation Mapping: A Case Study
Authors: Bernichi Youssef , Amharref Mina , Bernoussi Abdes Samed , Frison Pierre-Louis
Published: March 2024

Radar images play a major role in mapping flooded areas because of their ability to bypass cloud cover. However, their use presents major challenges linked to the way they are acquired, in particular the phenomena of overlap, foreshortening and radar shadow. The latter, in particular, is a delicate issue because of its potential to be confused with bodies of water. This is also the case for airport runways, as part of this research, a comparative analysis was undertaken using two methods, unsupervised classification coupled with change detection and textural analysis and supervised classification using Random Forest classifier. we used the Kappa coefficient and a number of other metrics to assess the accuracy of the supervised classification.
Indikationen zur Cochlea-Implantat Versorgung bei Kindern: Wohin geht die Reise?
Authors: Hirschfelder Anke , Mürbe Dirk
Published: March 2024

The indications for cochlear implants in children were gradually expended during the last 30 years. This concerns both the age at implantation and the audiological criteria, unilateral or bilateral treatment, the treatment of unilateral deafness and of children with multiple disabilities. Due to the improvement in hearing preservation and new technical developments, it is to be expected that the indication limits will continue to shift in the coming decades.
Ballaststoffe und ihre Rolle bei der Prävention und Therapie von
Übergewicht: eine aktuelle Übersicht
Authors: Rogal Kristina , Brandl Beate , Skurk Thomas
Published: March 2024

Adipositas und Übergewicht sind oft der Auslöser diverser metabolischer
Erkrankungen, wie Typ-2-Diabetes und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Da die Anzahl
an Menschen mit Übergewicht in westlichen Ländern stetig steigt, werden seit
Jahren verschiedene Strategien zur Gewichtsregulierung untersucht. Eine
Schlüsselrolle für die Therapie könnte ein höherer Ballaststoffanteil in der
Ernährung sein. Ballaststoffe besitzen spezifische intrinsische Eigenschaften,
die im menschlichen Körper zu einer Reihe positiver metabolischer Effekte
führen, z. B. in Hinblick auf die Kalorienaufnahme, das Sättigungsgefühl und die
Glykämie. Der Artikel widmet sich der Verbindung zwischen Übergewicht und der
Ballaststoffaufnahme und soll einen Überblick über die zugrundeliegenden
Mechanismen geben.
WHO-Leitlinie: Versorgung von Frühgeborenen und Neugeborenen mit
niedrigem Geburtsgewicht
Authors: Ledinger Dominic , Nußbaumer-Streit Barbara , Gartlehner Gerald
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund Frühgeborene (Gestationsalter<37 Wochen) und Neugeborene
mit niedrigem Geburtsgewicht (< 2,5 kg) benötigen komplexe Pflege, um ihr
Überleben zu sichern und ihre körperliche und neurologische Entwicklung zu
fördern. Ein erhöhtes Risiko für Entwicklungsstörungen, Infektionen,
Ernährungsprobleme und Schwierigkeiten bei der Regulierung der Körpertemperatur
erfordern umfassende Pflege- und Versorgungsmaßnahmen.

Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Leitlinie ist, die globale Versorgung von
Frühgeborenen und Neugeborenen mit niedrigem Geburtsgewicht durch aktualisierte
Empfehlungen zu verbessern.

Methodik Die Empfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) wurden in
dieser Leitlinie nach den Standards des WHO Handbuchs für Leitlinienentwicklung
umgesetzt. Die vorliegende Publikation wurde von Mitarbeiter*innen des WHO
Collaborating Centre an der Universität für Weiterbildung Krems (Österreich) auf
Deutsch übersetzt.

Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerungen Diese Leitlinie umfasst 11 starke und 14
bedingte Empfehlungen, gegliedert in 16 vorbeugende und fördernde Maßnahmen, 6
Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Komplikationen und 3 zur Unterstützung und
Einbindung der Familie sowie ein Good-Practice-Statement.
Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoma: Comparison of Classification and Staging Systems with Evaluation of the Prognostic Role of Immunohistochemistry Stains
Authors: Masia Rachel , Marcucci Vincent , Moore Colton , Sun Xiu , Topilow Arthur , Gelatt Timothy , Parker Glenn
Published: March 2024

Background Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) of the appendix is a unique lesion that exhibits features of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Due to the rarity of this cancer, multiple grading (e.g., Tang, Yozu, and Lee) and staging systems (e.g., tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis [TNM]) have been developed for classification. This study aimed to compare commonly used classification systems and evaluate the prognostic effectiveness immunohistochemical staining may or may not have for appendiceal GCC.

Methods An electronic medical records review of patients who were diagnosed with GCC of the appendix in our hospital system from 2010 to 2020. The data were collected regarding the age at diagnosis, gender, initial diagnosis at presentation, operation(s) performed, final pathology results, current survival status, and year of recurrent disease or death year.

Results Ten patients were evaluated. Seventy percent of the patients were above the age of 50 years at diagnosis. Postdischarge survival ranged from 1 month to 109 months postdiagnosis. Two patients expired from GCC at 13- and 54-months following diagnosis. When comparing the classification systems, Lee categorized more patients as high risk than Tang and Yozu. Immunohistochemical staining was analyzed using four staining methods: Ki67, E-cadherin, Beta-catenin, and p53. Tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis staging has supportive evidence for worsening prognosis and overall survival secondary to the depth of invasion of the tumor.

Conclusion Tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis staging may be superior to the other classification systems in predicting overall mortality. Our study demonstrated that immunohistochemistry staining does not appear to have a significant impact in determining the prognosis for GCC of the appendix.
Botulinum-toxin-A Injection Following Conservative Management in Patients with Dyssynergic Defaecation Only Improves Symptoms in the Short Term: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ganko Annabelle G. , Warwick Andrea M. , Gillespie Christopher
Published: March 2024

Objective Dyssynergic defaecation (DD) is an important cause of chronic constipation. In patients where conservative treatments fail, injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) into the puborectalis and anal sphincter muscles can be effective. Complications of this procedure are reported to be rare and generally mild. This study aimed to identify the complication rates and short- to medium-term success rates of BTX-A injections as a treatment for DD.

Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients diagnosed with DD who had undergone BTX-A injections at a functional colorectal unit. Patient demographics, manometric assessment, conservative management, and injection technique were collected through a chart review. Subjective patient reports and comparison of pre- and postprocedure symptom scores were used to determine efficacy.

Results The 21 patients included (24 procedures, with 3 patients receiving BTX-A on two separate occasions) all received stool modification and dietary advice, and 20 patients underwent pelvic floor physiotherapy, averaging 8 sessions. The injections were universally applied under general anesthetic, primarily targeting the anal sphincter and/or puborectalis muscles. There were 6 reports of faecal urge/incontinence, with all but one being resolved within weeks.

The BTX-A injection was subjectively reported as beneficial in 19 cases, averaging 4.7 months (range 1–32) of improvement. Only 2 were sustained beyond 12 months. Despite overall improvements in symptom scores from pre- to postprocedure, none were statistically significant.

Conclusion Following a course of conservative management, the BTX-A injection appears to be a safe treatment for DD, but only has short term efficacy.
Detection of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders in Patients with Positive Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) and Normal Colonoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ravanshad Sahar , Golhasani Atefeh , Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Taherynejad Mohammadhossein , Beheshti Namdar Ali
Published: March 2024

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer in the world, and the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) can be mentioned among the CRC screening methods based on the detection of occult blood in the feces, which may indicate upper gastrointestinal (UGI) malignancies; therefore, patients with a positive FIT but normal colonoscopy may be considered for a UGI endoscopy.

Materials and Methods The present study was conducted on patients with a positive FIT who were submitted to colonoscopy with normal results. They subsequently underwent endoscopy for the detection of UGI disorders.

Results We included 121 patients (64.5% of women and 35.5% of men; average age: 58.85 ± 12.93 years), 72.7% of whom were positive for Helicobacter pylori. The predominant result of the UGI endoscopy was normal, followed by erythema of the gastric mucosa, and anemia and dyspepsia were the most common clinical findings. The most common pathological result was chronic gastritis, followed by acute gastritis. Only one patient presented stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma).

Conclusion Considering the small prevalence of cancer in the UGI endoscopies of patients with positive FIT and normal colonoscopy, to the performance of UGI endoscopy in these patients may not be necessary.
Interdisciplinary research attracts greater attention from policy documents: evidence from COVID-19
Authors: Hu Liang , Huang Win-bin , Bu Yi
Published: March 2024

Interdisciplinary research is increasingly recognized as one of the solutions to today’s challenging scientific and societal issues. Many studies have aimed to explore the relationship between the interdisciplinarity of research and the attention they receive from the scientific community as well as society. However, the relationship between interdisciplinarity and attention from policy documents remains unclear. In this study, we utilize publications data on the COVID-19 topic to explore such a relationship. Through the analysis and interpretation of empirical datasets, this research finds that there is a positive correlation between the interdisciplinarity of scientific publications and the attention they receive from policy documents in almost all fields. Among the three dimensions (i.e., variety, balance, and disparity) of interdisciplinarity, variety exhibits the most pronounced positive impact on political attention. This study fills a previous research gap and provides insights for researchers and policymakers, highlighting that interdisciplinary research holds greater potential to impact policy formulation and implementation processes.
Engineered tissue geometry and Plakophilin-2 regulate electrophysiology of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Simmons Daniel W. , Malayath Ganesh , Schuftan David R. , Guo Jingxuan , Oguntuyo Kasoorelope , Ramahdita Ghiska , Sun Yuwen , Jordan Samuel D. , Munsell Mary K. , Kandalaft Brennan , Pear Missy , Rentschler Stacey L. , Huebsch Nathaniel
Published: March 2024

Engineered heart tissues have been created to study cardiac biology and disease in a setting that more closely mimics in vivo heart muscle than 2D monolayer culture. Previously published studies suggest that geometrically anisotropic micro-environments are crucial for inducing “in vivo like” physiology from immature cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that the degree of cardiomyocyte alignment and prestress within engineered tissues is regulated by tissue geometry and, subsequently, drives electrophysiological development. Thus, we studied the effects of tissue geometry on electrophysiology of micro-heart muscle arrays (μHM) engineered from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Elongated tissue geometries elicited cardiomyocyte shape and electrophysiology changes led to adaptations that yielded increased calcium intake during each contraction cycle. Strikingly, pharmacologic studies revealed that a threshold of prestress and/or cellular alignment is required for sodium channel function, whereas L-type calcium and rapidly rectifying potassium channels were largely insensitive to these changes. Concurrently, tissue elongation upregulated sodium channel (NaV1.5) and gap junction (Connexin 43, Cx43) protein expression. Based on these observations, we leveraged elongated μHM to study the impact of loss-of-function mutation in Plakophilin 2 (PKP2), a desmosome protein implicated in arrhythmogenic disease. Within μHM, PKP2 knockout cardiomyocytes had cellular morphology similar to what was observed in isogenic controls. However, PKP2−/− tissues exhibited lower conduction velocity and no functional sodium current. PKP2 knockout μHM exhibited geometrically linked upregulation of sodium channel but not Cx43, suggesting that post-translational mechanisms, including a lack of ion channel-gap junction communication, may underlie the lower conduction velocity observed in tissues harboring this genetic defect. Altogether, these observations demonstrate that simple, scalable micro-tissue systems can provide the physiologic stresses necessary to induce electrical remodeling of iPS-CM to enable studies on the electrophysiologic consequences of disease-associated genomic variants.
Monolithic integration of deep ultraviolet and visible light-emitting diodes for radiative sterilization application
Authors: Lu Yi , Guo Yanan , Liu Zhiyuan , Yan Jianchang , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Li Xiaohang
Published: March 2024

The demand for effective sterilization methods, particularly in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, has sparked interest in the use of deep ultraviolet (DUV) radiation for disinfection. The high risk of skin/eye exposure to the high-energy DUV radiation requires the integration of DUV and visible (VIS) LED chips to sterilize and indicate its operation simultaneously in the portable sterilization devices. However, conventional double-chip integration suffers from high power consumption and fabrication complexity. This study sets out to explore the monolithic integration of DUV and VIS LEDs for the radiative sterilization application. This is accomplished by cascading AlGaN/AlGaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells (QWs) and GaN/InGaN/GaN QWs through the compositional grading AlGaN cascade region. The inevitable overflown electrons from DUV QWs are deliberately introduced into the VIS QWs, allowing for the electron–hole recombination and the simultaneous emission of VIS light. Both experiment and simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed dual-wavelength LED integration. The proposed DUV&VIS LED shows an external quantum efficiency and wall-plug efficiency of 2.03% and 1.54% at 40 mA, respectively. This study establishes a quantitative framework for the monolithic integration of DUV and VIS LEDs for radiative sterilization, which has the potential to replace the current technique of using discrete DUV and VIS double-chip configurations.
Backflow at the inlet of centrifugal blood pumps enhanced by geometrical features
Authors: Rorro Federico , Fiusco Francesco , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa
Published: March 2024

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) includes life-saving support in severe acute cardiac and/or pulmonary failure. In the past 20 years, centrifugal pumps have become the primary choice to deliver the required blood flow. Pumps of various designs, with different approved operating ranges, are today available to clinicians. The use of centrifugal pumps in the low flow condition has been shown to increase hemolytic and thrombogenic risks of the treatment. Further, low flow operation has been associated with retrograde flow at the pump inlet. In this study, experimental and numerical methods have been applied to investigate the operating conditions and fluid dynamical mechanisms leading to reverse flow (or backflow) at the inlet. Reverse flow was predominantly observed in pumps having a top shroud covering the impeller blades, showing a relation between pump geometry and backflow. The shroud divides the pump volume above the impeller into two regions, separating the swirling reverse flow migrating toward the upper pump volute from the main flow, reducing the dissipation of the vortical structures, and allowing the swirling reverse flow to reach further in the pump inlet. At the inlet, backflow was observed as stable recirculation areas at the side of the pump inlet.
Controllable switching of the magnonic excitation based on the magnetostrictive effect
Authors: Xiong Hao
Published: March 2024

The magnetostrictive effect in a yttrium iron garnet sphere induces a coherent interaction between magnetization and elastic strain. The dispersive-type coupling between the ferromagnetic magnon mode and the phonon mode is treated analytically, and the features of the magnonic excitation are discussed. We show that the resonant magnonic excitation of a signal driving field can be well controlled by another strong field via the interference of the excitation pathways, which results in convenient magnonic control and enables a magnonic switch with excellent functionality. The parameter optimization of the system has been performed to expand the operating bandwidth, and the influence of thermal noises to the magnonic switch has been discussed. Our analysis may provide a viable tool for controlling the magnonic excitation in magnetic materials and find applications in designing magnon-based devices.
Photo-activated dynamic isomerization induced large density changes in liquid crystal polymers: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Peeketi Akhil Reddy , Joseph Edwin , Swaminathan Narasimhan , Annabattula Ratna Kumar
Published: March 2024

We use molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the physics underpinning the light-induced density changes caused by the dynamic trans–cis–trans isomerization cycles of azo-mesogens embedded in a liquid crystal polymer network, an intriguing experimental observation reported in the literature. We employ two approaches, cyclic and probabilistic switching of isomers, to simulate dynamic isomerization. The cyclic switching of isomers confirms that dynamic isomerization can lead to density changes at specific switch-time intervals. The probabilistic switching approach further deciphers the physics behind the non-monotonous relation between density reduction and light intensities observed in experiments. Light intensity variations in experiments are accounted for in simulations by varying the trans–cis and cis–trans isomerization probabilities. The simulations show that an optimal combination of these two probabilities results in a maximum density reduction, corroborating the experimental observations. At such an optimal combination of probabilities, the dynamic trans–cis–trans isomerization cycles occur at a specific frequency, causing significant distortion in the polymer network, resulting in a maximum density reduction.
Discovery of eight-coordinated layered phase of SbBr3 under high pressure
Authors: Cai Jinqun , Zhao Xingxing , Hao Yinqiao , Lu Wencheng , Liu Guangtao , Wang Hongbo , Zhou Mi
Published: March 2024

Layered trihalides have attracted significant interest due to their potential applications in optical and spintronic devices. Herein, we report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of antimony tribromide (SbBr3) under high pressure (up to 30 GPa) using synchrotron x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, alternating current (AC) impedance measurements, and first-principles calculations. The results indicate that SbBr3 transforms from a molecular phase (space group Pbnm) to an eight-coordinated layered phase (space group P21/a) at 7.6 GPa. A partial density of states analysis reveals that the eight-coordinated layered geometry of SbBr3 is rooted in the electron transfer from the Sb p orbital to the Br p orbital. Furthermore, based on AC impedance measurements, the resistance decreases with increasing pressure due to the gradual narrowing of the bandgap of SbBr3 in the Pbnm phase. The positive resistance–pressure relationship in the P21/a phase is attributed to the low carrier mobility caused by lattice distortion. Our current findings not only provide information on the phase diagram and electronic transport of SbBr3 but also expand the realm of layered functional materials in molecular trihalides.
Experimental investigation of propagation evolution characteristics of internal solitary waves passing through downslope topography
Authors: Zou Li , Gao Yelin , Sun Tiezhi , Ma Xinyu , Yu Zongbing
Published: March 2024

In contrast to the extensive research on the propagation evolution of internal solitary waves (ISWs) over continental shelf topography, few investigations have been conducted on the propagation evolution of ISWs over downslope topography. In this experiment, the characteristics of the ISWs passing over a downslope topography were investigated in an immiscible two-layer fluid system to clearly capture the waveform information. The main objective of this study was to analyze the propagation evolution of ISWs with different incident amplitudes passing through a downslope topography. Using the particle image velocimetry technique, the evolutionary characteristics of ISWs (such as waveform, wave height, energy budget, and flow field) are investigated. According to the flow field analysis results, the phase velocity near the downslope topography changes with the propagation of ISWs. Moreover, the gradient distribution of velocity progressively becomes perpendicular to the right surface of the topography. Furthermore, a counterclockwise vortex gradually forms at the right upper vertex of the topography. The propagation of ISWs is influenced by varying water depth and topography. The front waveform of ISWs is significantly flat, and the back is steeper than the original back waveform. Around the tail wave, an upward convex wave packet is generated. The trends of wave energy and wave height losses are broadly consistent. Furthermore, the energy loss is related to the incident wave height with a 20% higher loss rate for large-amplitude ISWs than small-amplitude ISWs at the inflection point of the topography.
On the nonlinear moonpool responses in a drillship under regular heading waves
Authors: Chu Bei , Zhang Xinshu , Zhang Guangming , Chen Junxuan
Published: March 2024

In this study, the nonlinear and viscous damping effects on the free-surface elevations of the recess-type moonpool inside a drillship are investigated. Based on a three-dimensional nonlinear potential flow (NPF3D) model, the nonlinear moonpool responses excited by regular heading waves are simulated in the time domain. To consider the vortex-shedding damping effects, induced by nonlinear moonpool responses, the pressure drop model of Chu et al. [Chu et al., “Effects of nonlinearity and viscous damping on the resonant responses in two-dimensional moonpools with a recess,” Appl. Ocean Res. 127, 103295 (2022)] is extended to three-dimensional and combined with NPF3D to form a viscous modified nonlinear potential flow model (referred to as NPF3D_V). The pressure drop model is composed of two parts in order to account for the energy loss from the first harmonic (piston-mode motions) and higher harmonics (sloshing-mode motions), respectively. The investigation focuses on the piston-mode resonance and secondary resonances of the first and second longitudinal sloshing modes. The response amplitude operators of the higher harmonics, by which the nonlinear effects are evaluated, are computed by the NPF3D_V model. It is found that the higher harmonics are noticeable at the excitation frequencies ωn0/m, where secondary resonances of the nth longitudinal sloshing mode are triggered. In addition, it is found that increasing the length of the recess can promote the nonlinear response of the moonpool significantly. For the moonpool with a long recess, the higher harmonics at secondary resonance are comparable to the first harmonics.
Inelastic neutron scattering study of magnon excitation by ultrasound injection in yttrium iron garnet
Authors: Shamoto Shin-ichi , Akatsu Mitsuhiro , Chang Lieh-Jeng , Nemoto Yuichi , Ieda Jun'ichi
Published: March 2024

The magnon excitation by ultrasound injection in Y3Fe5O12 is studied by inelastic neutron scattering. Both longitudinal and transverse ultrasound injections enhanced the inelastic neutron scattering intensity. We analyzed the nonequilibrium magnon steady state using the effective magnon temperature model. The large deviation of the effective magnon temperature from the sample temperature is observed at the ultrasound longitudinal mode along [0, 0, 1] at ∼10 K and [1, 1, 1] at ∼140 K. This dependence suggests that the nonequilibrium steady state can be achieved only by strong spin–lattice coupling in Y3Fe5O12. The spin–lattice coupling exhibits a decrease largely above 100 K, indicating that it could be the main origin of the degradation of longitudinal spin Seebeck effect at the temperature range.
Two-dimensional 1T′
α
-VXY (X = S, Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I): A multifunctional vanadium chalcohalide family with room-temperature ferromagnetism and sliding ferroelectricity
Authors: Luo Junlin , Meng Haiyu , Xu Ruoyan , Xue Xiong-Xiong , Ang Yee Sin
Published: March 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials with Curie temperature (Tc) above room temperature have great potential ranging from spintronics to information processing and storage. Here, we computationally design a series of 1T′α-VXY (X = S, Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I) monolayers with the X and Y atoms arranged alternately in the 2D plane. VXY monolayers are ferromagnetic semiconductors with Tc much higher than room temperature. Furthermore, the symmetry breaking of VXY bilayers leads to sliding ferroelectricity with large reversible out-of-plane electric polarization and moderate interlayer sliding barriers. We further show that half-metal-to-semiconductor nonvolatile field-effect switching can be achieved in multiferroic van der Waals heterostructures composed of VXY and In2S3 ferroelectric substrates due to the synergistic effect between the polarization field-induced band edge shifting and the selective charge transfer at the interface. These findings reveal a promising role of 2D Janus 1T′α-VXY in spintronics, ferroelectric, and multiferroic device applications.
Imperfectly conducting eigenflows in a vertical fluid layer
Authors: Shankar B. M. , Shivakumara I. S.
Published: March 2024

The stability of buoyant flow in an infinite vertical fluid layer bounded by imperfectly conducting rigid walls, called imperfectly conducting eigenflows, is discussed. The third kind boundary conditions describing heat transfer to the external environment are applied to perturbations in temperature. The linear stability analysis is carried out numerically by employing the Chebyshev collocation method. Instability arises when the Grashof number G exceeds its critical value, which depends on the Prandtl number Pr and the Biot number Bi. It is found that the onset of instability changes dramatically depending on the magnitude of Prandtl and Biot numbers particularly when the instability is through the traveling-wave mode. The numerical results show that the Biot number plays a pivotal role in determining the transition Prandtl number PrT at which the instability switches over from one mode to another mode. The novel outcomes suggest the presence of a single PrT for Bi<2.1739 while three distinct values of PrT for Bi≥2.1739. The departure from the conventional single value typically observed at isothermal boundaries signifies the complexity of the instability mechanism.
Investigation of pulsed direct-current plasma jets in a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Su Zhi , Zong Haohua , Liang Hua , Wu Yun , Wei Biao , Fang Ziqi , Hua Weizhuo
Published: March 2024

Characteristics of the plasma jet produced by a pulsed direct-current (pulsed-DC) dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and its interaction with a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) are investigated in detail using stereo particle imaging velocimetry. Quiescent-flow characterization results show that a positive starting vortex and a negative near-wall jet structure are induced by the pulsed-DC DBD plasma actuator. With increasing pulse width and discharge frequency, the jet velocity magnitude increases monotonously, as a direct result of the extension of fluid particle acceleration time. During the interaction with a cross-flow TBL, two streamwise vortices with opposite signs are observed at the two sides of the electrode junction, which essentially originate from the starting vortex and negative jet in quiescent air. The skin-friction drag variations are dominated by the cross-stream momentum transportation of streamwise vortices, with drag reduction in the vortex upwash zone and drag increase in the downwash zone. Compared with the conventional alternating-current DBD plasma actuators, the turbulent fluctuations produced by pulsed-DC DBD are much higher, which also affects the skin-friction drag. Further proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis reveals that two distinctly different flow patterns are produced by pulsed-DC DBD working at small and large pulse widths. The dominant POD modes causing the most velocity fluctuation are the spanwise translation and deformation of plasma-induced streamwise vortices. These results provide insights into the basic phenomenon of pulsed-DC plasma jets in cross flow, which recently has demonstrated its promising applications in turbulent skin-friction reduction.
Explosions of nanodroplets studied with molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Schaefer Dominik , Kunstmann Babette , Schmitt Sebastian , Hasse Hans , Kohns Maximilian
Published: March 2024

Explosions of droplets that are caused by superheating of the liquid phase occur in many combustion processes but are difficult to investigate experimentally. We have studied this process for nanodroplets using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Starting from an equilibrium state in which a spherical droplet is surrounded by a vapor phase, a local thermostat is used to impose a high temperature in a small control volume in the droplet center and the following process is studied for varying set temperatures. The fluid is modeled using the Lennard–Jones truncated and shifted potential. Depending on the set temperature, three different system responses were observed: (i) Low set temperatures lead to a shrinking of the droplet due to evaporation that follows the well-known d2 law. (ii) At intermediate set temperatures, a vapor bubble emerges in the droplet center and the liquid phase is formed into spherical shell that expands as the bubble inside of it grows. However, that spherical shell is only temporarily stable and eventually breaks apart. (iii) For high set temperatures, the abrupt and violent formation of the vapor bubble leads to an immediate breakup of the droplet. For case (ii), unexpected phenomena were observed. Oscillations in the diameter of the vapor bubble surrounded by the liquid film occurred. In some simulations, small holes formed temporarily in the liquid shell during its expansion, which closed again over the course of the simulation. Moreover, for one specific set temperature, a transition of the spherical droplet shell into a torus-like object was observed.
Photo-strain induced magnetoresistance modulation in magnetoelectric heterostructure-based devices
Authors: Pathak Pankaj , Kumar Ajay , Mallick Dhiman
Published: March 2024

The electric-field control of magnetic dynamics and magnetization in magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructures holds promise for energy-efficient beyond-CMOS devices. However, such techniques entail a high-saturation operational electric field near the device breakdown voltage and introduce complexity due to the requirement for electrical contacts. This study circumvents this issue by light-induced magnetoresistance (MR) modulation in a Ni/PMN-PT ME heterostructure driven by photo-strain-induced internal electric field. Reduced MR, especially in the perpendicular mode, is observed, signifying a localized reduction in the external magnetic field required for magnetization alignment, as elucidated by Langevin function analysis. The proposed method could facilitate better integration and scalability of ME-based spintronic devices, paving the way for low-power beyond-CMOS technologies.