bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Samples
Authors: J. U Otu, , E. E Ekpiken, , I. I Usang, , M. A Atuo,
Published: February 2025

Background: Today, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to humanity, resulting in ineffective treatment of bacterial infections. The study aimed to evaluate phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MDR E. coli and S. aureus strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples in a hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

Methods: A total of 240 samples (75.0%, n = 180 clinical samples; 25,0%, n = 60 environmental samples) were collected and cultured. Phenotypic analysis was conducted on 174 E. coli and 193 non-duplicate suspected coagulase-positive S. aureus strains isolated from burn wound, urine, blood, sputum, ear swab, skin swab, catheter and used cotton wool in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Presumptive identification was carried out based on microbiological standards. Molecular characterization techniques, such as PCR, single gene 16S rRNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were employed to confirm the identity of two select strains of E. coli and S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was evaluated using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method with a total of fifteen (15) antibiotics belonging to five different classes of antibiotics. The demographic characteristics of age and gender were only applicable to specimens from patients, which included 107 females (59.4%) and 73 males (40.5%); while the median age was 30 years.

Results: A total of one hundred and ninety-three (193) S. aureus strains were isolated in this study from different clinical specimens and environmental samples. The highest percentage (23.3%) was recovered from burn wound. The least percentage prevalence (1.6%) of S. aureus strains were recovered from sputum specimen. E. coli isolates recorded highest percentage prevalence (61, 25.4%) from urine specimen, out of a total of 174 isolates obtained from 240 samples collected. The least number of isolates (4, 1.6%) of E. coli strains were recovered from skin swab. S. aureus strain demonstrated resistance to all the β-lactam drugs tested, gentamycin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides), erythromycin (macrolide), and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulphonamide). The organism was sensitive to chloramphenicol and levofloxacin with higher percentage resistance rate (66.66%) compared to 53.33% of E. coli. However, E. coli was susceptible to augmentin, oxacillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, and ceftazidime but resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, gentamycin, amikacin, erythromycin, norfloxacin and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim.

Conclusion: This evaluation demonstrates significant occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains in the study area, suggesting that the current treatment for these bacterial infections in the region is not effective which is a public health concern.
Lebrikizumab (Ebglyss)
Authors: CDA-AMC
Published: February 2025

Reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform nonbinding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada’s federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses lebrikizumab (Ebglyss) injection solution for SC injection, 250 mg/2 mL (prefilled pen or prefilled syringe with needle shield).
Indication: Lebrikizumab injection is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with a body weight of at least 40 kg, whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. Lebrikizumab can be used with or without topical corticosteroids.
MAINTAINING A GOOD CHRISTIAN IMAGE WHILE SUPPRESSING SELF-INDULGENT GRATIFICATION
Authors: Azizah Farah Salma
Published: February 2025

Dark comedy in animation series has been frequently utilised to explain or make a statement about serious subjects so that most adults could relate to them more quickly than children because adults are the target audience for this type of genre in the animation production world.  Many times, the genre of dark comedy in one series covers serious subjects, such as death, famine, and even religious dogmatism in society. In Moral Orel (2005-2008), a satire on a religious issue is built upon how a character demonstrates a contradicting deviant behavior as a Christian man who struggles to maintain Christian altruistic values while at the same time represses his self-indulgent gratification. Applying textual analysis and Freud’s psychoanalytical approach, this paper concludes that the character Clay Puppington in Moral Orel (2005-2008) is used to show in a satirical way how one struggles to maintain Christian altruistic values while repressing self-indulgence gratification.
Statistical analysis of magnetopause response during substorm phases
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Pulkkinen Tuija I.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. We investigate variations in the position of the magnetopause in response to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and different phases of magnetospheric substorms. The average location of the magnetopause is examined using magnetic field observations from multiple satellites (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, THEMIS; Radiation Belt Storm Probes, RBSP; and Magnetospheric Multiscale, MMS), and the Shue model utilizing OMNI solar wind data for a period of 5 years, from 2016–2020. We estimate the average position of the magnetopause using the Shue model through superposed epoch analysis of the standoff distance and tail flaring angle at different substorm timings (onset, peak, and end) and from in situ measurements through 2D equatorial maps of average BZ under IMF |BZ|>0 conditions. We found that southward IMF is associated with a greater number of substorms compared to northward IMF orientations. Our analysis highlights a very small movement of the magnetopause during substorm phases for both northward and southward IMF orientations (|BZ|>0). Notably, magnetopause experiences inward movement, reaching its closest point to the Earth, particularly during the substorm growth phase followed by a relaxation from the substorm peak to the recovery end. The empirical model provides an accurate estimation of the magnetopause location during periods of both northward and southward IMF |BZ|>0 as the model curve traverses a distinct location representing the magnetopause shown in the 2D average map of observed BZ.
Relation between total-column and near-surface NO2 based on in-situ and PANDORA ground-based remote sensing observations
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wei Yuanyuan , de Leeuw Gerrit , Liu Ouyang , Chen Yu , Lv Yang , Zhang Yuanxun , Li Zhengqiang
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a major pollutant which at high concentrations may affect human health. It is also a photochemically reactive gas which is important for the oxidation potential of the atmosphere and acts as a precursor for the formation of aerosol particles and ozone. However, monitoring of near-surface (NS) NO2 faces the challenge of spatial discontinuity due to large distances between ground-based monitoring stations, whereas satellite remote sensing provides column-integrated concentrations (total column, TC) which are related to NS concentrations in a complicated manner. In this study, the relation between TC and near-surface (NS) NO2 concentrations is studied using TC NO2 data from remote sensing observations using a Pandora and NS NO2 concentrations from in-situ observations, which were located at the Beijing-RADI site (Beijing, China) during January 2022. The ratio between TC and NS NO2 concentrations varies throughout the day with substantially different relations in the morning and afternoon. During the night and morning the atmosphere was vertically stratified, with disconnected layers which prevented vertical mixing of atmospheric constituents. In the afternoon, these layers connected allowing for vertical mixing and transport between the surface and the top of the boundary layer. Thus the prohibition of vertical transport in the morning and the mixing in the afternoon resulted in different relations between the NS and TC NO2 concentrations. These different relationships have consequences for the use of satellite remote sensing to estimate NS NO2 concentrations.
Merging of a mesoscale eddy into the Lofoten Vortex in the Norwegian Sea captured by an ocean glider and SWOT observations
Authors: Damerell Gillian Mary , Bosse Anthony , Fer Ilker
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Lofoten Vortex (LV) is an intense, apparently permanent anticyclone in the Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea. It is characterised by a 1200 m thick core of Atlantic Water, with a radius of 15–20 km, in nearly solid-body rotation reaching speeds up to 0.8 m s-1. Potential vorticity in the core is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than the surroundings, creating a barrier to lateral mixing. It has previously been postulated that anticyclonic eddies in the Lofoten Basin, shed from the eastern branch of the Norwegian Atlantic Current along the Lofoten Escarpment, merge into the LV, contributing to maintaining its large heat and salt content and energetics, but such merging events have proven difficult to observe directly due to their transient and unpredictable nature. In April 2023, an eddy merger event was successfully observed using a combination of in-situ data from an autonomous ocean glider and absolute dynamic topography (and derived velocities) from the fast sampling calibration phase of the Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite altimeter. During the observed merging process an incoming eddy gradually approaches the LV, then elongates as the two begin to corotate and then merge, with a corresponding spin up of vorticity and eddy kinetic energy and possible ejection of low potential vorticity water from the merged LV core. The incoming eddy had a smaller radius and higher Rossby number than the LV. It has a similar density range as the LV and therefore a double-core vertical structure did not form after the merger. During the observed period, merging eddies were the dominant process affecting the evolution of the LV, clearly outweighing vertical 1D processes due to atmospheric forcing and lateral mixing between the LV core and the outer rim. Through influx of buoyant waters, spin-up of eddy kinetic energy and increasingly anticyclonic vorticity, eddy mergers contribute to the longevity of the LV.
Physically based modelling of glacier evolution under climate change in the tropical Andes
Authors: Mackay Jonathan D. , Barrand Nicholas E. , Hannah David M. , Potter Emily , Montoya Nilton , Buytaert Wouter
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In recent years, opportunities have opened up to develop and validate glacier models in regions that have previously been infeasible due to observation and/or computational constraints thanks to the availability of globally capable glacier evolution modelling codes and spatially extensive geodetic validation data. The glaciers in the tropical Andes represent some of the least observed and modelled glaciers in the world, making their trajectories under climate change uncertain. Studies to date have typically adopted empirical models of the surface energy balance and ice flow to simulate glacier evolution under climate change, but these may miss important non-linearities in future glacier mass changes. We combine two globally capable modelling codes that provide a more physical representation of these processes:(i) the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), which solves the full energy balance of snow and ice, and (ii) the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM), which solves a flowline representation of the shallow-ice equation to simulate ice flow. JULES–OGGM is applied to over 500 tropical glaciers in the Vilcanota-Urubamba basin in Peru, home to more than 800 000 people that predominantly live in rural communities with low socioeconomic development and high vulnerability to climate change. The model is evaluated against available glaciological and geodetic mass balance observations to assess the potential for using the modelling workflow to simulate tropical glacier evolution over decadal timescales. We show that the JULES–OGGM model can be parameterized to capture decadal (2000–2018) mass changes in individual glaciers, but we also show that limitations in the JULES prognostic snow model prevent accurate replication of observed surface albedo fluctuations and mass changes across all glaciers simultaneously. Specifically, the model cannot replicate the feedbacks between the driving meteorology, surface energy balance, ablation processes, and snow darkening. Only by forcing the model with observed net radiation variables were we able to capture observed surface albedo dynamics. When driven with statistically downscaled climate change projections, the JULES–OGGM simulations indicate that, contrary to point-scale energy balance studies, sublimation plays a very minor role in glacier evolution at the basin scale and does not bring about significant non-linearities in the glacier response to climate warming. The ensemble mean simulation estimates that total glacier mass will decrease to 17 % and 6 % of that in 2000 by 2100 for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, which is more conservative than estimates from some other global glacier models.
Impact of Autoclave Sterilization on Cyclic Fatigue of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments
Authors: Khudhur Sura Yaseen , Mohammed Hussein Ibtihal , Mohammed Abdul Kadhum Ola
Published: February 2025

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of repeating sterilization in an autoclave on the cyclic fatigue resistance for three varieties of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic systems in double curved simulated canal.
Materials and Methods: During this research, three distinct varieties of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic files with a tip diameter of 0.25 millimeters and a taper of 0.06 millimeters were utilized: ProDesign Logic system, E-Flex Edge, and Endostar E3 Azure. Each type of rotary endodontic instruments (n=24) was then randomly divided into three sub-groups: non-sterilized instruments, sterilized instruments after 3 autoclave cycles, and sterilized instruments after 5 autoclave cycles. All the files from the various subgroups were examined to determine their ability to resist cyclic fatigue. Additionally, the period for fractures, the total number of cycles until failure (NCF), and the resulting fracture fragment length for every instrument were determined. SPSS software 29 was utilized for statistical comparisons (P<0.05).
Results: There were no differences among sterilized as well as non-sterilized files (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in fractured length between tested groups.
Conclusions: The resistance to cyclic fatigue of NiTi rotary instruments was not considerably impacted by the repeated autoclave sterilization cycles.
Influence of Different Temperatures on the Polymerization Pre- and Post-Cured of Various Resin Materials
Authors: Al-Jadwaa Fanar Turki , Abdurazzaq Mhammad Munthir , Alkhalidi Emad Farhan
Published: February 2025

Objective: To evaluate and compered the effect of different temperatures (5°C, 37°C and room temp. ±23°C) pre- cured and post-cured for three universal- Chroma composite materials (Hybrid-Nano fillers, Supra-Nano, Nano filler) on the polymerization degree and micro-hardness.
Materials: A seventy-five disc-samples-shaped were fabricated from (Omnichroma, Vittra APS, DenFil N), for each test in different temperatures (5°C, 37°C and room temp. ±23°C) were light cured according to manufacture instruction. The Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy was used to the polymerization degree measured for each sample while the micro-hardness was measured by the using of Vickers hardness test. Data were analyzed using One-Way-Analysis of Variance at level p < 0.05.
Results: The analysis showed that there was significant difference in the polymerization degree and in the micro-hardness of the samples fabricated at the different temperatures when heated pre- and post- cured of all materials increase, in the polymerization degree and the micro-hardness of the samples.
Conclusions: Increasing three universal- Chroma composite materials (Hybrid-Nano fillers, Supra-Nano, Nano filler) temperature whether pre-cured and post-cured allows for maintaining or increasing polymerization degree and hardness of three universal- Chroma composite materials especially DentfilN Nano- filler composite.
Periodontal and Biochemical Correlations during Alendronate Treatment in Postmenopausal Women: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Al-Karawi Aseel Jalil Ibrahim , Ali Ahmed Hentati Hajer
Published: February 2025

Objective: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent condition often treated with bisphosphonates like alendronate, which may influence periodontal health. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between clinical periodontal parameters [probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL)], biochemical markers [osteoprotegerin (OPG), and calcium (Ca)] and alendronate therapy.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 60 females aged from 55 to 65. All participants were divided into two groups equally, group A that included healthy postmenopausal females with healthy periodontium and group B included patients with osteoporosis. Patients were followed up for one year through for three consecutive periods (0, 6, and 12 months) after receiving alendronate (ALN) treatment. Patients with osteoporosis or ALN were further subdivided equally based on gingivitis and periodontitis. Blood samples were gathered for quantitative proportions of OPG through enzyme–linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, calcium was analyzed using full automated calcium detector device. The clinical periodontal parameters (PPD, and CAL) were reported for all teeth except for third molars and kept in specifically designed case sheet documents following assortment of serum.
Results: There was a significant decrease in PPD and CAL after 12 months of ALN treatment. However, there was significant increase in serum OPG and calcium level at each consecutive recall follow up in comparison to no ALN treatment. Additionally, our study revealed a positive correlation between OPG and calcium at base line in patients with osteoporosis (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and osteoprotegerin and calcium serum levels improved significantly with alendronate therapy.
Confirmation of the occurrence of Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Belgium, Luxembourg Province
Authors: Schaffner F. , Schneider A. , Debbaut R. , Van Bortel W.
Published: February 2025

The distribution and abundance of Phlebotomine sand flies north of the Alps is poorly known. In Belgium, Phlebotomus mascittii was reported only once in the early 2000s from two locations in the southeastern part of the country. During a VectorNet field survey in 2023, no sand flies were detected in the provinces of Liège, Luxembourg, and Namur. As an extension of this investigation, a brief survey was conducted in August 2024 across four localities in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium. Using 16 light trap-nights and one resting catch, a single male specimen of Ph. mascittii was captured in a light trap placed in a stable/house ruin at Beauregard, commune of Rouvroy. This finding confirms the presence of Ph. mascittii in Belgium, 22-23 years after its initial finding. This detection highlights the need for further investigation on sand fly occurrence in Belgium, to determine species diversity, distribution and abundance.
Los factores religiosos y la personalidad del seminarista
Authors: Mártil Barbero Germán
Published: February 2025

Una intensa actividad religiosa, ¿ entorpece o faVorece la formación de la personalidad? Aparente contradicción entre religión y personalidad. La iicohaerentia oppositorum» lleva a la unidad. Esculpir la personalidad: el factor religioso, elemento sustancial. Acción previa al seminario: herencia, ambiente, temperamento. Acción del educando, educador, acción de Dios. Algunos pasos: Liturgia y oración personal. La mortificación. La pastoral. Etapas. El ideal como fuerza y como sueño
La cultura en la y su influjo personalidad
Authors: Beguiristain Santos
Published: February 2025

Cultura. Adquirir cultura. El hombre culto: universal, profundo, social, conocedor de ambientes. El sacerdote culto: algo básico que se presupone, y estar al día; la cultura sagrada, la entonación pastoral de los estudios. Su cultura es mensaje al hombre de hoy, adaptado a su ambiente. Lo que el hombre de hoy exige: que le demos a Dios. La sabiduría es de Dios
Variasi Konsentrasi Kombinasi Ekstrak Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dan Daun Sirih (Piper betle) Menggunakan Metode Hidroekstraksi Seabagai Antibakteri Seara In Vitro
Authors: Tilarso Dara Pranidya , Muadifah Afidatul , Khusna Mursyidah Lathifatul
Published: February 2025

Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri merupakan penyakit yang sering timbul di masyarakat. Bakteri yang menyebabkan infeksi diantaranya adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Pertumbuhan bakteri dapat dihambat dengan adanya antibiotik. Namun, beberapa mikroba telah resisten terhadap antibiotik sehingga penggunaan antibakteri dari bahan alam mulai digunakan. Buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, saponin yang berguna sebagai antibakteri. Daun sirih (Piper betle) mengandung senyawa saponin, tanin, flavonoid dan fenol yang memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi ekstrak buah belimbing wuluh dan daun sirih. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode hidroekstraksi dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% dan 100%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan difusi cakram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak buah belimbing wuluh dan daun sirih memiliki aktivitas daya hambat optimum pada konsentrasi 100% dengan diameter hambat Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 11,05 mm yang bersifat kuat dan dengan diameter hambat Escherichia coli sebesar 9,17 mm yang bersifat sedang.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Bahan Pengikat Terhadap Formulasi dan Stabilitas Fisik Tablet Detergen Effervescent Ekstrak Daun Serai Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus)
Authors: Girsang Valentina , Kusuma Dewi Liestyani , Rustaman Heri , Sa’adah Anifatus , Wibowo Anisa Devi Kharisma
Published: February 2025

Daun serai dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) memiliki kandungan saponin yang dapat membentuk buih dalam air sehingga digunakan sebagai senyawa alamai penghasil busa yang digunakan dalam industri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi konsentrasi PVP 2%, 3% dan 4% terhadap karakteristik fisik, stabilitas fisik dan kemampuan detergenasi tablet detergen effervescent ekstrak daun serai dapur (Cymbopogon citratus). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekstraksi maserasi dengan etanol 96% dan pembuatan tablet effervescent dengan metode granulasi basah. Hasil penelitian karakterisasi dan stabilitas tablet effervescent ekstrak daun serai dapur dengan vasiasi konsentrasi PVP menunjukkan bahwa tablet memenuhi syarat pengujian karakterisasi tablet effervescent sebelum dan sesudah stabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil uji tinggi busa pada tablet effervescent sebelum dan sesudah stabilitas tidak mempengaruhi tinggi busa dengan hasil berturut-turut F1, F2, F3 sesudah stabilitas sebesar 86,560,34; 86,56 0,34; 88,202,28. Penelitian ini menunjukkan PVP mempengaruhi karakteristik dan stabilitas tablet namun tidak mempengaruhi kemampuan detergensi tablet detergen effervescent.
Mutu Simplisia Kulit Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.) Hasil Pengeringan Oven dan Sinar Matahari
Authors: Yunitasari Norainny , Djamaludin Nur Farikhah Abya , Tiadeka Pemta
Published: February 2025

Nanas adalah tanaman tropis dan memiliki kemampuan untuk membantu penyembuhan beberapa gangguan penyakit. Secara umum, nanas memiliki senyawa aktif, seperti alkaloid, tanin dan flavonoid. Keberhasilan identifikasi keberadaan senyawa aktif tersebut tidak terlepas dari baik tidaknya tahap perparasi sampel, salah satunya tahap pengeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lama proses pengeringan oven dan sinar matahari untuk pembuatan simplisia yang baik dan mengetahui hasil uji organoleptis, uji mikroskopis, dan uji kadar air. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kulit buah nanas. Uji mutu simplisia menggunakan uji organoleptis, mikroskopis, dan kadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan oven pada suhu 60⁰ dilakukan selama 1 hari dengan waktu 10 jam dan pengeringan sinar matahari dilakukan selama 110 jam (22 hari) dengan waktu per hari 4-5 jam. Hasil uji organoleptis menunjukkan simplisia hasil metode pengeringan oven coklat tua dan pengeringan sinar matahari coklat mudah, berbentuk serbuk halus, memiliki rasa yang asam dan pahit serta berbau khas aromatik. Hasil uji mikroskopis menunjukkan adanya jaringan parenkim, sel batu, kristal kalsium oksalat tipe jarum, dan berkas pembuluh. Hasil uji kadar air dari kedua metode pengeringan sama-sama belum memenuhi syarat mutu simplisia, yaitu oven 14,2% dan sinar matahari 15%.
STUDI ETNOFARMASI PENGGUNAAN TUMBUHAN OBAT BERKHASIAT PENYEMBUH LUKA DI SUKU BADUY, LEBAK, BANTEN.
Authors: Susanti Kharisma Dewi Fadia , Peranginangin Jason Merari , Boedirahardja Partana
Published: February 2025

Masyarakat Indonesia banyak menggunakan tumbuhan obat tradisional sebagai penyembuh luka, salah satunya masyarakat suku Baduy. Penggunaan tumbuhan obat di suku Baduy belum terinventarisasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tumbuhan berkhasiat, cara meramu dan penggunaan tumbuhan sebagai penyembuh luka di suku Baduy.Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif, kuantitatif dan teknik snowball sampling dengan wawancara open-ended untuk mendapatkan data tumbuhan obat yang bermanfaat sebagai penyembuh luka. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan analisis bioprospektif untuk mencari nilai UV dan ICF.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan 5 tumbuhan sebagai penyembuh luka dari 16 informan. Tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu rumput jariji, mata ayam, Jarak jintir, pakis merak, pacing tawar. Jenis luka yang paling banyak dialami oleh suku Baduy yaitu luka golok, luka kering atau koreng, luka patah tulang, luka gigitan kalajengking, luka  gigitan serangga. Cara meramu dan penggunaan pada beberapa tumbuhan dengan cara ditumbuk, dihaluskan, diborehkan, dioles atau ditempel langsung ke kulit. Nilai Use Value tertinggi yaitu rumput jariji dengan angka 1 sebagai penyembuh luka dan nilai Informant concensus factor yang paling tinggi atau yang paling sering dialami oleh suku Baduy didapatkan angka 0,66 yaitu luka akibat benda tajam.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) Dengan Metode ABTS
Authors: Radiartini Ni Nyoman , Andayani Yayuk , Deccati Rizqa Fersiyana
Published: February 2025

Daun renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun renggak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dalam kategori sedang menggunakan metode DPPH. Terbatasnya penelitian tersebut pada aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada tingkat fraksi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) dari ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat daun renggak. Daun renggak diekstraksi dengan maserasi, etanol 96% (1:10), kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi cair-cair dengan pelarut air, n-heksana, dan etil asetat menggunakan corong pisah (1:1). Ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat diuji skrining metabolit sekunder. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur berdasarkan penurunan absorbansi pada panjang gelombang maksimum ABTS, dinyatakan sebagai nilai IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50%), dengan asam askorbat sebagai pembanding. Hasil skrining metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat daun renggak mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan steroid. Uji aktivitas antioksidan diperoleh nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol 236,11 ppm (sangat lemah), sedangkan nilai IC50 fraksi etil asetat 86,95 ppm (kuat), dibandingkan asam askorbat dengan nilai IC50 10,00 ppm.
PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN DAN PEMBELIAN OBAT DI APOTEK X SEMARANG
Authors: Toyo Eleonora Maryeta , Oktaviyani Triana , Wulandari Agustina Ratna
Published: February 2025

Sistem informasi memegang peran penting dalam mengelola dan mendukung berbagai kegiatan operasional, termasuk proses penjualan dan pembelian obat. Di Apotek X Semarang, sistem tersebut telah berbasis komputer dengan penggunaan aplikasi SID Apotek PRO. Aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu petugas kefarmasian dalam menjalankan sistem penjualan dan pembelian obat serta meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kepada pelanggan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami sistem informasi penjualan dan pembelian obat di Apotek X Semarang. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif non-eksperimental dengan populasi penelitian melibatkan seluruh petugas kefarmasian. Teknik total sampling diterapkan dengan seluruh populasi menjadi sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi belum mendukung proses pembelian obat, namun sudah dapat digunakan untuk penjualan obat. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan sistem informasi penjualan obat membantu meningkatkan efisiensi pelayanan kepada pasien.
THE VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SIBUTRAMINE HCL IN SLIMMING HERBAL REMEDIES BY UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Authors: Febriani Yuyun , Izati Savitri Nurul , Azim Muhlisun
Published: February 2025

Sibutramine HCl was known as one of the anti-obesity drugs known for its appetite-suppressing properties. The aims of this research were to analyze pharmaceutical chemicals content in slimming herbal remedies available in the East Lombok district market and to analyze the value and validation parameters for analyzing method of sibutramine HCl in these remedies using UV-Visible spectrofotometry. The method used qualitative analysis using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitative method used spectrophotometry UV-Visible. The method was validated to meet the specified requirements, including linearity, Limit of Detection (LoD), Limit of Quantification (LoQ), precision, and accuracy. The results of this research were, in qualitative analysis, 2 out of 5 samples were identified to contain sibutramine HCl with a value of Rf of 0.78. The selected wavelength for sibutramine HCl analysis was 224.40 nm, and the respective parameters of linearity, LoD, LoQ, precision, and accuracy were (r) 0.9991, 2,406 ppm, 7,291 ppm, 0.446% RSD, and 98.92% recovery. Based on the results above, showed that using the spectrofotometry UV-Visible method in this research complies with the established parameters.
Optimasi Carnauba Wax dan Paraffin Wax Pada Lipstik Ekstrak Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris) Dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design
Authors: Sumule Arsiaty
Published: February 2025

Sediaan dekoratif, seperti lipstik menjadi idaman para wanita. Pewarna yang digunakan dalam formula lipstik harus mematuhi standar keamanan, karena produk kosmetik ini diterapkan ke daerah mulut, yang bisa saja tertelan melalui makanan, minuman, atau air liur.  Oleh karena itu, pewarna alami muncul menjadi alternatif yang aman dan minim efek samping. Melimpahnya umbi bit di Indonesia dapat menjadikannya sebagai pewarna alami potensial dalam formula kosmetik. Bentuk sediaan fisik lipstik juga perlu diperhatikan karena memegang peranan penting dalam karakteristik dan stabilitas sediaan. Sebab itu, diperlukan basis wax dalam formula lipstik. Optimasi formula dapat menentukan rasio bahan yang optimal tanpa proses trial and error, sehingga mengefisiensikan waktu, biaya, dan bahan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi carnauba wax dan paraffin wax pada sifat fisik lipstik ekstrak umbi bit dan mengetahui formula lipstik ekstrak umbi bit yang optimum. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu eksperimental dengan membuat delapan formula lipstik variasi carnauba wax dan paraffin wax dan diuji sifat fisiknya meliputi organoleptis, nilai pH, daya lekat, dan titik leleh. Hasil dianalisis dengan software Design Expert 11.1.2.0 dengan metode simplex lattice design untuk mendapatkan formula optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formula optimum lipstik ekstrak umbi bit dengan kombinasi carnauba wax 10% dan paraffin wax 10% sehingga diperoleh nilai pH 6,509, daya lekat 98,667 detik, dan titik leleh 67,931oC. Kombinasi carnauba wax dan paraffin wax memberikan pengaruh pada sifat fisik, seperti nilai pH, daya lekat, dan titik leleh pada sediaan lipstik ekstrak umbi bit.
Penentuan Nilai SPF Sediaan Lotion Tabir Surya dari Ekstrak Hasil Maserasi Bertingkat Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.)
Authors: Dewi Serlyna Mutiara , Suhartinah Suhartinah , Nopiyanti Vivin
Published: February 2025

Daun asam jawa mengandung senyawa yang memiliki gugus kromofor terkonjugasi dari cincin aromatis seperti pada fenol dan turunannya yang dapat menyerap radiasi ultraviolet pada panjang gelombang 200-400 nm. Lotion merupakan salah satu bentuk sediaan tabir surya yang nyaman dipakai karena memiliki kandungan lemak yang lebih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memastikan apakah ekstrak daun asam jawa yang diperoleh melalui maserasi secara bertingkat dapat diformulasi menjadi lotion tabir surya dengan stabilitas fisik dan kualitas yang baik, serta mengetahui nilai SPF tiap formula. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut berurutan dari non polar, semi polar, sampai polar. Dalam penelitian ini, sediaan lotion terdiri dari empat formula dengan masing-masing mengandung 5% ekstrak n-heksan, ekstrak etil asetat, ekstrak etanol 70%, serta satu kontrol negatif. Setiap formula kemudian diuji untuk menentukan mutu fisiknya. Pengukuran nilai SPF menggunakan instrument spektrofotometer UV-Visibel pada panjang gelombang UV-B yaitu 290-320 nm, pengukuran dilakukan pada setiap 5 nm panjang gelombang. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa lotion dengan masing-masing ekstrak mempunyai kualitas fisik yang baik dan kategori perlindungan ultraviolet maksimal, dengan nilai SPF Formula 1 yaitu 9,81±0,07, Formula 2 yaitu 11,65±0,17, serta Formula 3 yaitu 12,32±0,52. Formula 3 memiliki mutu fisik dan nilai SPF yang paling baik di antara formula lainnya.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Minyak Jelantah Dan Asam Stearat Pada Sediaan Lilin Aromaterapi Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Anggraini Cristine , Kurniasih Trifonia Rosa
Published: February 2025

Minyak jelantah merupakan minyak goreng yang telah digunakan berulang kali. Pembuangan minyak jelantah secara sembarangan berpotensi mencemari tanah dan udara. Apabila minyak jelantah tidak dikelola dengan benar dapat meresap ke tanah dan mengakibatkan tanah menjadi tidak subur. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif minyak jelantah yaitu dengan mengubah minyak jelantah menjadi bahan baku pembuatan lilin aromaterapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan minyak jelantah sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan lilin dengan aroma kopi arabika dan untuk mendapatkan formula yang memiliki hasil evaluasi fisik yang baik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen murni. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat tiga formula dengan perbandingan minyak jelantah dan asam stearat yang berbeda yaitu formula I (1:1), formula II (1:4) dan formula III (3:5). Data yang diperoleh berdistribusi tidak normal (α<0,05) sehingga dilanjutkan dengan uji Kruskal Wallis untuk membandingkan antar rumus dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi sifat fisik yaitu uji organoleptik, uji titik leleh dan uji waktu bakar, formula III menunjukkan sifat fisik yang baik dibandingkan formula I dan formula II. Formula III (3:5) menghasilkan lilin yang padat, tidak retak, warna coklat tua yang homogen, titik leleh tertinggi 55,33 ± 0,33, waktu pembakaran paling lama 253,45 ± 8,13 dibandingkan formula I dan II. Kombinasi minyak jelantah dan asam stearat berpengaruh signifikan pada waktu pembakaran. Secara keseluruhan, sediaan lilin aromaterapi yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi kriteria SNI untuk sediaan lilin.
Identifikasi Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Pada Kasus Diare Anak Pasien Rawat Jalan di UPT. Puskesmas X Kudus
Authors: Setyoningsih Heni , Latifah Siti Nor , Adiningsih Retnowati , Wijaya Hasty Martha
Published: February 2025

Diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Diare merupakan penyakit endemis potensial Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) disertai dengan kematian yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Drug Related Problems (DRPs) merupakan kejadian yang tidak diinginkan yang di alami oleh pasien dan secara nyata maupun potensial mengganggu hasil terapi yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Drug Related Problems (DRPs) meliputi Pemilihan obat, bentuk obat, pemilihan dosis, durasi pengobatan dan interaksi obat pada kasus diare anak pasien rawat jalan di UPT. Puskesmas X Kudus periode Januari – Juni 2020. Penelitian non-eksperimental dengan metode observasional yang dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total population sampling secara purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi rekam medik pasien rawat jalan yang jelas dan lengkap dengan diagnosa Diare yang berusia 0 – 11 tahun di UPT. Puskesmas X Kudus periode Januari - Juni 2020. Hasil penelitian didapat 79 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis DRPs yang paling banyak terjadi adalah interaksi obat (12%), pemilihan obat (10%), dan pemilihan dosis (8%).
A SECTORAL APPROACH TO ENSURING THE POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Authors: Dombrovska S.
Published: February 2025

It has been established that the large-scale aggression of the Russian Federation is aimed at destabilizing the situation in Ukraine, especially the public administration system and critical infrastructure facilities. It was revealed that critical infrastructure supports 17 sectors, including the provision of public services, the development of the social sphere, the security of information and environmental safety, civil protection, the stable functioning of the financial and banking spheres, the availability of transport infrastructure, etc. It is stated that the tasks for the institutions of the sovereign and private sectors, such as government facilities of critical infrastructure in significant sectors, require the creation of the necessary minds for the safe functioning of these facilities. Even the stench can become unsafe for people’s lives and health and a threat to the territory. In addition, it is emphasized that critical infrastructure is required to ensure vital functions of life. In this context, it is important that the efficiency of ensuring public safety is achieved due to the importance of the stagnation of digital technologies and the implementation of low costs. In our opinion, we systematically approach the sectors of critical infrastructure functioning.
MODELS OF REGULATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES OF BUDGETARY INSTITUTIONS IN THE CULTURAL SECTOR
Authors: Lozova O.
Published: February 2025

The problem of extra-budgetary activities of budgetary institutions in the cultural sector is currently significant for the functioning of the budgetary sector since the overwhelming majority of budgetary services of a social nature are provided by budgetary institutions. However, large-scale reforms are being carried out within this sector, which could significantly reduce the importance of this problem. Some budgetary institutions must retain their organizational and legal form. Moreover, the criteria for budgetary institutions in the cultural sector to maintain their organizational and legal form have not yet been clearly defined. In any case, even after the introduction of new organizational and legal forms, a certain number of budgetary institutions will remain for which the issue of extra-budgetary revenues will remain relevant.

Considering cultural institutions as a specific type of business entity that transforms resources using a special operational process into a special final product - a social service of a cultural nature, in the context of the task of managing this object, it is necessary, in our opinion, to proceed from the fact that it functions:

1) within the framework of interaction with other organizations representing various social and economic institutions, which constitute its external environment;

2) forming an internal environment adequate to these connections and their tasks - a structured set of elements of the organization, the interaction of which allows to ensure the production of the product.

This approach makes it possible to fully use the methodology and methodical solutions of modern, including strategic management, in the state management of the sphere of culture, one of the basic concepts of which is the provision that the basis of an effective purposeful change in the state of the sphere of culture is a full and objective accounting of the impact on of external factors and the construction of a rational internal environment.
LEGAL STATUS OF ELEMENTS OF THE UNIFIED STATE SYSTEM OF CIVIL PROTECTION AS SECURITY MANAGEMENT ENTITIES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Authors: Kasian O.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the legal status and operational framework of the Unified State Civil Protection System (USCPS) of Ukraine in managing emergency situations. The research analyzes the structural elements, hierarchical organization, and functional mechanisms of the USCPS, emphasizing its role in ensuring population safety and territorial protection. The study reveals that the system operates on multiple levels - state, regional, and local - with specific responsibilities and authorities assigned to each level. The research identifies three operational modes of the USCPS: daily activity, increased readiness, and emergency mode, each activated according to the severity and scale of potential or actual emergencies. The article highlights the significance of preventive measures and the system's dual-level emergency response mechanism at territorial and state levels. The study demonstrates that the USCPS's effectiveness depends on clear legal regulation, proper coordination between its subsystems, and adequate resource allocation. The research concludes that successful emergency management relies on implementing comprehensive legislation, state target programs, and international scientific-technical cooperation, supported by practical experience in preventive measures. The findings emphasize the importance of specific preventive measures of scientific, engineering-technical, and technological nature in reducing emergency risks and minimizing potential losses.
The Impact of Excessive Screen Time on the Cognitive and Social Development of Preschool-Aged Children in Urban Indian Family Settings
Authors:   Co-founder & CEO, Divit Health, Bengaluru, Sharma Dr. Sonika
Published: February 2025

This study explores the effects of excessive screen time on the cognitive and social development of preschool-aged children in urban Indian family settings. With increasing digital media consumption, this research aims to understand how screen exposure, content type, family dynamics, and socio-cultural factors influence child development. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to assess physical health, cognitive abilities, emotional well-being, and social skills. Findings indicate significant negative associations between screen time and developmental outcomes, with educational content moderating some adverse effects. Recommendations are provided for parents, educators, and policymakers to balance screen time with more enriching developmental activities.
Digital Innovation and Supply Chain Management (A Study of Shoprite Enugu)
Authors: C. Mbonu Obianamma
Published: February 2025

The convergence of technology and logistics has enabled businesses to streamline operations, reduce costs, and enhance efficiency. For companies in the retail sector, such as Shoprite, digital innovation has become a crucial factor in maintaining competitiveness, optimizing inventory management, improving customer satisfaction, and ensuring timely delivery. This study examined digital innovation and supply chain management in Shoprite, Enugu. The population of the study is made up of the technical staff of Shoprite, Enugu, Nigeria. The population size for the study is one thousand ninety-nine (1099). The sample size was determined to be two hundred and eighty-five (285) using Cochran sample size formula. The data was collected with the aid of a questionnaire that is properly drafted using the 5-point Likert scale for the questionnaire. Data collected from the questionnaire were analyzed, summarized, and interpreted accordingly with the aid of descriptive statistical techniques such as simple percentage. Based on the survey responses, the findings suggest a strong positive perception of digital technologies in enhancing various aspects of Shoprite’s supply chain. It is therefore the recommendation of the study that Shoprite Enugu expand its use to cover more aspects of the supply chain, such as supplier performance analysis, real-time stock tracking, and dynamic pricing strategies.
Semi-fuzzy graphs
Authors: Al-Hawary Talal Ali , Hashim Mohammed
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we introduce the relatively new notions of semi-fuzzy graph and balanced semi-fuzzy graph. We study several operations on these graphs such as complement, union, join, composition, direct product, semi-strong product and strong product. In addition, we provide some classes of balanced semi-fuzzy graphs. Similar work is also done for Intuitionistic semi-fuzzy graphs.
Rèn luyện kĩ năng hợp tác cho trẻ mẫu giáo 4-5 tuổi qua trò chơi đóng vai theo chủ đề tại thành phố Cao Lãnh, tỉnh Đồng Tháp
Authors: Lê Thị Kim Anh , Đoàn Kiều Như Ngọc , Nguyễn Thị Tươi
Published: February 2025

Rèn luyện kĩ năng hợp tác cho trẻ là một trong những yếu tố quan trọng và là nhiệm vụ cần thiết đối với giáo dục mầm non. Đặc biệt là rèn luyện kĩ năng hợp tác cho trẻ mẫu giáo 4-5 tuổi thông qua trò chơi đóng vai theo chủ đề, vì lúc này nhu cầu hợp tác của trẻ phát triển, trẻ mong muốn được cùng nhau chia sẻ và trao đổi kinh nghiệm để giải quyết các tình huống thực tiễn. Qua đó, trẻ phải độc lập, chủ động, sáng tạo sử dụng kiến thức, kĩ năng, kinh nghiệm vốn có của mình để tương tác với bạn bè, mọi người xung quanh và giải quyết các tình huống thực tiễn đặt ra. Bài viết của chúng tôi nghiên cứu những biểu hiện kĩ năng hợp tác của trẻ mẫu giáo 4-5 tuổi và đề xuất một số biện pháp rèn luyện kĩ năng hợp tác cho trẻ qua trò chơi đóng vai theo chủ đề nhằm góp phần phát triển kĩ năng hợp tác cho trẻ mẫu giáo 4-5 tuổi ở một số trường mầm non tại thành phố Cao Lãnh, tỉnh Đồng Tháp.