bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrying Out Collaborative Action Research in a Practicum
Authors: Ho Belinda
Published: December 2012

To help in‐service English teachers improve their teaching practices and pupils' learning opportunities through an enquiry‐oriented and cooperative approach, the author carried out collaborative action research during a practicum in a teacher education course at a university in Hong Kong. This article describes how the collaborative research projects were designed and implemented during an 8‐week practicum. Results of the action research show that the projects produced positive changes to students' learning and promoted teachers' development as English language professionals.
Second Language Acquisition at the Early Childhood Level: A 5‐Year Longitudinal Case Study of Pre‐Kindergarten Through First‐Grade Students
Authors: Billak Bonnie
Published: December 2012

This 5‐year longitudinal study investigated the English language acquisition and development of students in pre‐Kindergarten through Grade 1 at a U.S.‐accredited international school. Of the 1,509 students tested, the overwhelming majority were nonnative English speakers. The data provide valuable insight into the rate of second language acquisition for students at each grade level, including information on twins and students with learning differences. A strong emotional factor affecting language learning was also revealed. In addition, the researcher reviewed speaking scores to determine any far‐reaching future correlation with reading/literacy test scores at the kindergarten and fourth‐grade levels. Information on interventions used in an effort to raise proficiency levels and the effects of native‐ versus nonnative‐English‐speaking teachers on language scores is also included.
The Potential Impact of the Teacher on Student Identities in the Classroom in an English Language Teaching Context
Authors: Winchester Jules
Published: December 2012

This article explores the impact of the teacher on student identities within the English language classroom. Based on an empirical study, the article posits that the teacher can play a significant role in the negotiation, co‐construction, and legitimisation of student identities in the language class in a number of ways: by focusing on students as intellectual and cultural resources, by giving primacy to students' “transportable” (as opposed to “discourse” or “situated”) identities, by giving students the communicative “tools” (i.e., linguistic, pragmatic, and intercultural competences) in order for them to assert identities as an expression of agency, and by facilitating student participation both inside and outside the language class. It is held that the increased motivation, or “investment” in learning gained through the assertion and legitimisation of identities in the language class can have a positive impact on language learning. Similarly, a recognition of students' need to exercise personal agency in their learning as an expression of their perceived identity can have an impact on motivation.
Non-extremal black hole microstates: fuzzballs of fire or fuzzballs of fuzz?
Authors: Bena Iosif , Puhm Andrea , Vercnocke Bert
Published: December 2012

Abstract

We construct the first family of microstate geometries of near-extremal black holes, by placing metastable supertube probes inside certain scaling supersymmetric smooth microstate geometries. These fuzzballs differ from the classical black hole solution macroscopically at the horizon scale, and for certain probes the fluctuations between various fuzzballs will be visible as thermal noise far away from the horizon. We discuss whether these fuzzballs appear to infalling observers as fuzzballs of fuzz or as fuzzballs of fire. The existence of these solutions suggests that the singularity of non-extremal black holes is resolved all the way to the outer horizon and this “backwards in time” singularity resolution can shed light on the resolution of spacelike cosmological singularities.
Verifying anonymity in voting systems using CSP
Authors: Moran Murat , Heather James , Schneider Steve
Published: December 2012

We present formal definitions of anonymity properties for voting protocols using the process algebra CSP. We analyse a number of anonymity definitions, and give formal definitions for
strong
and
weak
anonymity, highlighting the difference between these definitions. We show that the strong anonymity definition is too strong for practical purposes; the weak anonymity definition, however, turns out to be ideal for analysing voting systems. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the formal definitions: a conventional voting system, and Prêt à Voter, a paper-based, voter-verifiable scheme. In each case, we give a CSP model of the system, and analyse it against our anonymity definitions by specification checks using the Failures-Divergences Refinement (FDR2) model checker. We give a detailed discussion on the results from the analysis, emphasizing the assumptions that we made in our model as well as the challenges in modelling electronic voting systems using CSP.
A Multicomponent Latent Trait Model for Diagnosis
Authors: Embretson Susan E. , Yang Xiangdong
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a noncompensatory latent trait model, the multicomponent latent trait model for diagnosis (MLTM-D), for cognitive diagnosis. In MLTM-D, a hierarchical relationship between components and attributes is specified to be applicable to permit diagnosis at two levels. MLTM-D is a generalization of the multicomponent latent trait model (MLTM; Whitely in Psychometrika, 45:479–494, 1980; Embretson in Psychometrika, 49:175–186, 1984) to be applicable to measures of broad traits, such as achievement tests, in which component structure varies between items. Conditions for model identification are described and marginal maximum likelihood estimators are presented, along with simulation data to demonstrate parameter recovery. To illustrate how MLTM-D can be used for diagnosis, an application to a large-scale test of mathematics achievement is presented. An advantage of MLTM-D for diagnosis is that it may be more applicable to large-scale assessments with more heterogeneous items than are latent class models.
Pleasure in Ancient Greek Philosophy
Authors: Wolfsdorf David
Published: December 2012

The Key Themes in Ancient Philosophy series provides concise books, written by major scholars and accessible to non-specialists, on important themes in ancient philosophy that remain of philosophical interest today. In this volume Professor Wolfsdorf undertakes the first exploration of ancient Greek philosophical conceptions of pleasure in relation to contemporary conceptions. He provides broad coverage of the ancient material, from pre-Platonic to Old Stoic treatments; and, in the contemporary period, from World War II to the present. Examination of the nature of pleasure in ancient philosophy largely occurred within ethical contexts but in the contemporary period has, to a greater extent, been pursued within philosophy of mind and psychology. This divergence reflects the dominant philosophical preoccupations of the times. But Professor Wolfsdorf argues that the various treatments are complementary. Indeed, the Greeks' examinations of pleasure were incisive and their debates vigorous, and their results have enduring value for contemporary discussion.
The Cambridge Introduction to Toni Morrison
Authors: Roynon Tessa
Published: December 2012

Toni Morrison has written some of the most significant and demanding fiction of the modern age. Her dazzling depictions of African-American experience are studied in high schools and colleges, debated in the media and analyzed by scholars at an astounding rate. This Introduction offers readers a guide to the world of Morrison in all its complexity, from her status as a key player on the global intellectual stage to her unique perspective on American history and her innovative narrative techniques. Covering every novel from The Bluest Eye to A Mercy, Tessa Roynon combines close readings with critical insights into Morrison's other creative work, such as short stories, libretto and song lyrics and unpublished pieces for performance. Lively and accessibly written, Roynon's insightful text is ideal for readers approaching Morrison for the first time as well as those familiar with her work.
Wyclif
Authors: Wyclif John
Published: December 2012

John Wyclif is known for translating the Vulgate Bible into English, and for arguing for the royal divestment of the church, the reduction of papal power and the elimination of the friars and against the doctrine of transubstantiation. His thought catalyzed the Lollard movement in England and provided an ideology for the Hussite revolution in Bohemia. Wyclif's Trialogus discusses divine power and knowledge, creation, virtues and vices, the Incarnation, redemption and the sacraments. It consists of a three-way conversation, which Wyclif wrote to familiarize priests and layfolk with the complex issues underlying Christian doctrine, and begins with formal philosophical theology, which moves into moral theology, concluding with a searing critique of the fourteenth-century ecclesiastical status quo. Stephen Lahey provides a complete English translation of all four books, and the 'Supplement to the Trialogue', which will be a valuable resource for scholars and students currently relying on selective translated extracts.
Market Liquidity
Authors: Amihud Yakov , Mendelson Haim , Pedersen Lasse Heje
Published: December 2012

This book presents the theory and evidence on the effect of market liquidity and liquidity risk on asset prices and on overall securities market performance. Illiquidity means incurring a high transaction cost, which includes a large price impact when trading and facing a long time to unload a large position. Liquidity risk is higher if a security becomes more illiquid when it needs to be traded in the future, which will raise trading cost. The book shows that higher illiquidity and greater liquidity risk reduce securities prices and raise the expected return that investors require as compensation. Aggregate market liquidity is linked to funding liquidity, which affects the provision of liquidity services. When these become constrained, there is a liquidity crisis which leads to downward price and liquidity spiral. Overall, the volume demonstrates the important role of liquidity in asset pricing.
Space and Society in the Greek and Roman Worlds
Authors: Scott Michael
Published: December 2012

We cannot properly understand history without a full appreciation of the spaces through which its actors moved, whether in the home or in the public sphere, and the ways in which they thought about and represented the spaces of their worlds. In this book Michael Scott employs the full range of literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence in order to demonstrate the many different ways in which spatial analysis can illuminate our understanding of Greek and Roman society and the ways in which these societies thought of, and interacted with, the spaces they occupied and created. Through a series of innovative case studies of texts, physical spaces and cultural constructs, ranging geographically across North Africa, Greece and Roman Italy, as well as an up-to-date introduction on spatial scholarship, this book provides an ideal starting point for students and non-specialists.
The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Atkins Gregory , Amor Sandra , Fletcher Jean , Mills Kingston
Published: December 2012

Multiple sclerosis is the most common debilitating neurological disease in people under the age of forty in the developed world. Many publications cover medical and clinical approaches to the disease; however, The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis provides a clear and concise up-to-date overview of the scientific literature on the various theories of MS pathogenesis. Covering the main elements of scientific research into multiple sclerosis, the book contains chapters on the neuropathology of the disease as well as an account of the most extensively used animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The book contains chapters regarding the role of viruses in the development of multiple sclerosis. Viruses have long been implicated and chapters on animal models based on virus infection, as well as their possible role in the etiology of MS, are included. Of interest to MS researchers, the book is written to also be of value to postgraduate and medical students.
Analgesia, Anaesthesia and Pregnancy
Authors: Jentis Steve , Malhotra Surbhi
Published: December 2012

Analgesia, Anaesthesia and Pregnancy focuses on pre-empting problems and maximising quality of care. Every chapter of this well-established practical guide has been completely updated and revised. All aspects of obstetric medicine relevant to the anaesthetist are covered, from pre-pregnancy management to conception, throughout pregnancy, to postnatal care. The authors have identified over 150 potential complications, each covered in two parts: 'problems/special considerations' and 'management options', with key points prominently displayed for quick reference. A section on organisational aspects such as record keeping, training protocols and guidelines makes this an important resource for any labour ward or hospital dealing with pregnant women. Presented in a clear, structured format, this practical summary will be invaluable to any anaesthetist encountering obstetric patients, whether they are a practiced consultant or still in training. It will also be useful for obstetricians, neonatologists, midwives, nurses and operating department practitioners wishing to extend or update their knowledge.
Physical Principles of Remote Sensing
Authors: Rees W. G.
Published: December 2012

Fully updated and containing significant new material on photography, laser profiling and image processing, the third edition of this popular textbook covers a broad range of remote sensing applications and techniques across the Earth, environmental and planetary sciences. It focuses on physical principles, giving students a deeper understanding of remote sensing systems and their possibilities, while remaining accessible to those with less mathematical training by providing a step-by-step approach to quantitative topics. Boxed examples, additional photos and numerous colour images engage students and show them how the theory relates to the many real-world applications. Chapter summaries, review questions and additional problems allow students to check their understanding of key concepts and practise handling real data for themselves. Supplementary online material includes links to freely available software, animations, computer programs, colour images and other web-based resources of interest.
An Introduction to Mathematics for Economics
Authors: Asano Akihito
Published: December 2012

An Introduction to Mathematics for Economics introduces quantitative methods to students of economics and finance in a succinct and accessible style. The introductory nature of this textbook means a background in economics is not essential, as it aims to help students appreciate that learning mathematics is relevant to their overall understanding of the subject. Economic and financial applications are explained in detail before students learn how mathematics can be used, enabling students to learn how to put mathematics into practice. Starting with a revision of basic mathematical principles the second half of the book introduces calculus, emphasising economic applications throughout. Appendices on matrix algebra and difference/differential equations are included for the benefit of more advanced students. Other features, including worked examples and exercises, help to underpin the readers' knowledge and learning. Akihito Asano has drawn upon his own extensive teaching experience to create an unintimidating yet rigorous textbook.
Local Cohomology
Authors: Brodmann M. P. , Sharp R. Y.
Published: December 2012

This second edition of a successful graduate text provides a careful and detailed algebraic introduction to Grothendieck's local cohomology theory, including in multi-graded situations, and provides many illustrations of the theory in commutative algebra and in the geometry of quasi-affine and quasi-projective varieties. Topics covered include Serre's Affineness Criterion, the Lichtenbaum–Hartshorne Vanishing Theorem, Grothendieck's Finiteness Theorem and Faltings' Annihilator Theorem, local duality and canonical modules, the Fulton–Hansen Connectedness Theorem for projective varieties, and connections between local cohomology and both reductions of ideals and sheaf cohomology. The book is designed for graduate students who have some experience of basic commutative algebra and homological algebra and also experts in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. Over 300 exercises are interspersed among the text; these range in difficulty from routine to challenging, and hints are provided for some of the more difficult ones.
A New Anthropology of Islam
Authors: Bowen John R.
Published: December 2012

In this powerful, but accessible new study, John Bowen draws on a full range of work in social anthropology to present Islam in ways that emphasise its constitutive practices, from praying and learning to judging and political organising. Starting at the heart of Islam - revelation and learning in Arabic lands - Bowen shows how Muslims have adapted Islamic texts and traditions to ideas and conditions in the societies in which they live. Returning to key case studies in Asia, Africa and Western Europe, to explore each major domain of Islamic religious and social life, Bowen also considers the theoretical advances in social anthropology that have come out of the study of Islam. A New Anthropology of Islam is essential reading for all those interested in the study of Islam and for those following new developments in the discipline of anthropology.
Introduction to the Physics of Waves
Authors: Freegarde Tim
Published: December 2012

Balancing concise mathematical analysis with the real-world examples and practical applications that inspire students, this textbook provides a clear and approachable introduction to the physics of waves. The author shows through a broad approach how wave phenomena can be observed in a variety of physical situations and explains how their characteristics are linked to specific physical rules, from Maxwell's equations to Newton's laws of motion. Building on the logic and simple physics behind each phenomenon, the book draws on everyday, practical applications of wave phenomena, ranging from electromagnetism to oceanography, helping to engage students and connect core theory with practice. Mathematical derivations are kept brief and textual commentary provides a non-mathematical perspective. Optional sections provide more examples along with higher-level analyses and discussion. This textbook introduces the physics of wave phenomena in a refreshingly approachable way, making it ideal for first- and second-year undergraduate students in the physical sciences.
After the Great Recession
Authors: Kuttner Robert
Published: December 2012

The severity of the Great Recession and the subsequent stagnation caught many economists by surprise. But a group of Keynesian scholars warned for some years that strong forces were leading the US toward a deep, persistent downturn. This book collects essays about these events from prominent macroeconomists who developed a perspective that predicted the broad outline and many specific aspects of the crisis. From this point of view, the recovery of employment and revival of strong growth requires more than short-term monetary easing and temporary fiscal stimulus. Economists and policy makers need to explore how the process of demand formation failed after 2007 and where demand will come from going forward. Successive chapters address the sources and dynamics of demand, the distribution and growth of wages, the structure of finance and challenges from globalization, and inform recommendations for monetary and fiscal policies to achieve a more efficient and equitable society.
A Short Course in Intermediate Microeconomics with Calculus
Authors: Serrano Roberto , Feldman Allan M.
Published: December 2012

This book provides a concise treatment of the core concepts of microeconomic theory at the intermediate level with calculus integrated into the text. The authors, Roberto Serrano and Allan M. Feldman, start with consumer theory and then discuss preferences and utility, budget constraints, the consumer's optimal choice, demand and the consumer's choices about labor and savings. They next turn to welfare economics: when is one policy better for society than another? Following are chapters presenting the theory of the firm and profit maximization in several alternative and partial equilibrium models of competitive markets, monopoly markets and duopoly markets. The authors then provide general equilibrium models of exchange and production and analyze market failures created by externalities, public goods and asymmetric information. Finally, they offer introductory treatments of decision theory under uncertainty and game theory. Graphic analysis is presented where necessary but distractions are avoided.
Kierkegaard and the Theology of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Pattison George
Published: December 2012

This study shows how Kierkegaard's mature theological writings reflect his engagement with the wide range of theological positions which he encountered as a student, including German and Danish Romanticism, Hegelianism and the writings of Fichte and Schleiermacher. George Pattison draws on both major and lesser-known works to show the complexity and nuances of Kierkegaard's theological position, which remained closer to Schleiermacher's affirmation of religion as a 'feeling of absolute dependence' than to the Barthian denial of any 'point of contact', with which he is often associated. Pattison also explores ways in which Kierkegaard's theological thought can be related to thinkers such as Heidegger and John Henry Newman, and its continuing relevance to present-day debates about secular faith. His volume will be of great interest to scholars and students of philosophy and theology.
A Hand-Book for Travellers in Spain, and Readers at Home
Authors: Ford Richard
Published: December 2012

Targeted at both intrepid travellers and 'readers at home', this two-volume account of Spanish history, topography and culture by Richard Ford (1796–1858) combines the rigour of a gazetteer with the humour and pace of a private travel diary. First published in 1845, as part of John Murray's series of guidebooks, the work made an immediate impact upon the reading public, and it was celebrated in the press as the 'most comprehensive and accurate account of that country' hitherto produced. Starting in the Kingdom of Leon, and again using a series of hand-picked routes, Volume 2 leads readers to the pilgrim shrine of Santiago de Compostela and through Galicia and the Basque provinces, introducing them to castles, universities, art collections and the 'inhospitality of Madrid'. The result is an engaging account that will be of interest to modern tourists and historians alike.
“J ” A Memoir of John Willis Clark Registrary of the University of Cambridge and Sometime Fellow of Trinity College
Authors: Shipley A. E.
Published: December 2012

John Willis Clark (1833–1910) devoted his life to the University of Cambridge, and this 1913 memoir by A. E. Shipley, Master of Christ's College, was a fitting tribute to a much admired man. His father was professor of anatomy, and his maternal uncle, Robert Willis, Jacksonian professor of natural philosophy. A scholar and fellow of Trinity College, his talent and energy as an administrator led to his appointment as superintendent of the museum of comparative anatomy, and he considerably improved the museum's collection. From natural history his interests were diverted in 1875 - his uncle died, leaving his monumental Architectural History of the University unfinished, and it was Clark who completed it in 1886. In 1891 he became Registrary of the University, which he remained until 1910, and was one of the best-known figures in Cambridge, involved with everything from administrative reform to student activities such as the triennial Greek play.
The King Country, or, Explorations in New Zealand
Authors: Kerry-Nicholls James Henry
Published: December 2012

Originally published in 1884, this work by the relatively unknown 'gentleman explorer' James Henry Kerry-Nicholls (d. 1888) focuses on nineteenth-century New Zealand. It recounts the journey into what he describes as terra incognita, the area known as the King Country, almost exclusively Maori and little explored by Europeans due to political difficulties and Maori hostility. Travelling with only three horses and what he could carry on them, and accompanied by an interpreter, he endeavoured to cover and accurately record details of an area totalling 10,000 square miles; owing to good contacts, he was even able to meet Maori King Tawhiao. Writing in what now seems an imperialist style, he recounts a history of Maori–European relations, notes potential sites for European settlement, includes geographical surveys and descriptions of the landscapes, and supplies a map which gives the 'most complete chart of the interior of the North Island as yet published'.
Life of George Eliot
Authors: Browning Oscar
Published: December 2012

'George Eliot' was the pseudonym of Marian Evans (1819–80), possibly the greatest of the Victorian novelists, whose works include The Mill on the Floss (1860), Middlemarch (1871–2) and Daniel Deronda (1876). Her personal life was complex - she was an independent woman who challenged social conventions. Her friend, Eton master and historian Oscar Browning (1837–1923), was moved to write this affectionate assessment of her life, and it was published in 1890, offering 'no claims … but a friendship of fifteen years, and a deep and unswerving devotion to her mind and character'. Browning takes a chronological approach, focusing mainly on the beginnings of Eliot's writing career and on her novels, while adding recollections of their encounters. He also writes with candour about Eliot's relationship and cohabitation with the married writer G. H. Lewes (1817–78), which transgressed the social norms of the period.
The Life of Captain Matthew Flinders, R.N.
Authors: Scott Ernest
Published: December 2012

Matthew Flinders (1774–1814) joined the Royal Navy at fifteen, later claiming to have been inspired by Robinson Crusoe. He served under William Bligh, and charted the Bass Strait in 1798. In 1801 he was commissioned to chart 'New Holland', and so became the first to circumnavigate the island he referred to as Australia. After being shipwrecked on the Barrier Reef and imprisoned for six years on Mauritius on suspicion of spying, he returned to England in 1810 and began work on A Voyage to Terra Australis. He died the day after his book and maps were published. This biography, published in 1914 to mark the centenary of his death, was the first comprehensive study of this central figure of Australian maritime exploration. The leading Australian historian Ernest Scott (1868–1939) based his account on material held in private collections in France as well as on documents deposited in Australian libraries.
The Works of Francis Bacon
Authors: Bacon Francis
Published: December 2012

Francis Bacon (1561–1626), the English philosopher, statesman and jurist, is best known for developing the empiricist method which forms the basis of modern science. Bacon's writings concentrated on philosophy and judicial reform. His most significant work is the Instauratio Magna comprising two parts - The Advancement of Learning and the Novum Organum. The first part is noteworthy as the first major philosophical work published in English (1605). James Spedding (1808–81) and his co-editors arranged this fourteen-volume edition, published in London between 1857 and 1874, not in chronological order but by subject matter, so that different volumes would appeal to different audiences. The material is divided into three parts: philosophy and general literature; legal works; and letters, speeches and tracts relating to politics. Volume 10, published in 1868, contains Bacon's letters and political writings from 1601 to 1607. Of note is Bacon's support of the union of England and Scotland.
The Works of Francis Bacon
Authors: Bacon Francis
Published: December 2012

Francis Bacon (1561–1626), the English philosopher, statesman and jurist, is best known for developing the empiricist method which forms the basis of modern science. Bacon's writings concentrated on philosophy and judicial reform. His most significant work is the Instauratio Magna comprising two parts - The Advancement of Learning and the Novum Organum. The first part is noteworthy as the first major philosophical work published in English (1605). James Spedding (1808–81) and his co-editors arranged this fourteen-volume edition, published in London between 1857 and 1874, not in chronological order but by subject matter, so that different volumes would appeal to different audiences. The material is divided into three parts: philosophy and general literature; legal works; and letters, speeches and tracts relating to politics. Published in 1869, Volume 12 contains Bacon's letters and writings between 1613 and 1616, which primarily relate to his appointment as Attorney General.
The Great Frozen Sea
Authors: Markham Albert Hastings
Published: December 2012

Sir Albert Hastings Markham (1841–1918) was a British Admiral and Arctic explorer. He joined the Royal Navy at fifteen and after postings in China, the Mediterranean and Australia he was promoted to Commander in 1872. For the next six years he took part in Arctic exploration, later writing fascinating accounts of his experiences. He was appointed as Naval Aide-de-Camp to Queen Victoria in 1888, and in 1903 he received a knighthood and was promoted to admiral. Published in 1878, this is the first of several editions of Markham's fascinating first-hand account of the British Arctic expedition of 1875–6. It describes the first passage through Nares Strait, named after the expedition's leader George Nares, and the intrepid dog-sled journey ,led by Markham, that took the party further north than any previous Arctic explorers. Nares' own account of the voyage is also reissued in this series.
A Thousand Days in the Arctic
Authors: Jackson Frederick G. , McClintock F. Leopold
Published: December 2012

In 1897, the triumphant return of the Jackson–Harmsworth Arctic expedition revived widespread enthusiasm for Polar exploration. Within days of the expedition's arrival in London, newspapers ranging from the Boy's Own Paper to the Graphic were full of articles relating to the endeavours and findings of this intrepid undertaking. The demand for information did not abate and, in 1899, this two-volume account by Frederick G. Jackson (1860–1938) of his travels in Franz Josef Land was published to wide acclaim. Hailed by The Morning Post as 'a record of solid achievement accomplished by dint of steady perseverance in the face of hardship and difficulty', Jackson's journal describes a forbidding terrain of ice and snow. Richly illustrated, Volume 2 includes accounts of new lands, dark winters, and a famous encounter with Nansen. It is supplemented by a substantial appendix containing geographical and scientific observations.
Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah
Authors: Burton Richard Francis
Published: December 2012

The British explorer Sir Richard F. Burton (1821–90) was a colourful and often controversial character. A talented linguist and keen ethnologist, he worked in India during the 1840s as an interpreter and intelligence officer for General Sir Charles Napier, and published several books about his experiences in 1851–2. He first gained celebrity, however, for his adventurous 1853 trip to Mecca, under the disguise of a pilgrim, which is described in this lively three-volume publication (1855–6). Few Europeans had ever visited the Muslim holy places; one of them was John Lewis Burckhardt, whose 1829 account is also reissued in this series. Volume 2 of Burton's book vividly describes the heat and dangers of the journey to Medina, the behaviour and conversation of the pilgrims from many different tribes and nations, and the mosques, tombs and other sights of the bustling city, complete with traders and beggars.
Safar Nameh
Authors: Bell Gertrude
Published: December 2012

This book of 'Persian Pictures' is the first published work of Gertrude Bell (1868–1926), the celebrated traveller, archaeologist, Orientalist and supporter of Arab independence. She first visited Persia in 1892, when a relative by marriage was British minister there, and published her impressions in a series of essays in 1894. Her subjects range from Roman ruins to Ottoman graves to shopping in the bazaars, and from the bustling life of cities to the isolation of the desert. Having studied the Persian language in preparation for her journey, she was able to enter into the life of the country, and especially of its women, more deeply than a casual visitor, and indeed her second publication was a free-verse translation of the fourteenth-century poet Hafiz. Bell captures a sense of delight at a mysterious land still marked by the traces of many of the great civilisations of the past.
Travels in Mesopotamia
Authors: Buckingham James Silk
Published: December 2012

Cornish-born writer, traveller and controversialist James Silk Buckingham (1786–1855) spent much of his early life as a sailor in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and went on to publish accounts of his extensive travels to India, Palestine and Persia. His criticisms of the East India Company and the Bengal government led to his expulsion from India in 1823. In the 1830s he became a Member of Parliament and campaigned for social reforms and for the promotion of the temperance movement. He founded several journals, including the periodical The Athenaeum, covering a wide range of topics from literature to popular science. This illustrated two-volume work, published in 1827, recounts Buckingham's journey through Mesopotamia, giving descriptions of its ancient sites and opinions of its modern inhabitants. In Volume 1, Buckingham recounts in great detail his journey from the historic city, Aleppo in Syria to Sinjar (now in north-western Iraq).
Travels in Mesopotamia
Authors: Buckingham James Silk
Published: December 2012

Cornish-born writer, traveller and controversialist James Silk Buckingham (1786–1855) spent much of his early life as a sailor in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and went on to publish accounts of his extensive travels to India, Palestine and Persia. His criticisms of the East India Company and the Bengal government led to his expulsion from India in 1823. In the 1830s he became a Member of Parliament and campaigned for social reforms and for the promotion of the temperance movement. He founded several journals, including the periodical The Athenaeum, covering a wide range of topics from literature to popular science. This illustrated two-volume work, published in 1827, recounts Buckingham's journey through Mesopotamia, giving descriptions of its ancient sites and opinions of its modern inhabitants. In Volume 2, Buckingham continues his travels through Mesopotamia, from Sinjar in the north-west of the region to the city of Baghdad.
The Magical Ritual of the Sanctum Regnum
Authors: Lévi Éliphas
Published: December 2012

Éliphas Lévi, born Alphonse Louis Constant, (1810–75) was instrumental in the revival of Western occultism in the nineteenth century, and published several influential books on magic that are also reissued in this series. This posthumous publication (1896) is a translation by William Wynn Westcott, co-founder of the 'Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn', of an unpublished French manuscript by Lévi, then owned by the spiritualist Edward Maitland. It includes eight of the author's drawings. Each short chapter outlines the meaning of one of the twenty-two tarot trumps and is followed by a brief editor's note describing the card's iconography and summarising interpretations (sometimes deliberately misleading) given in Lévi's earlier publications. The book ends with Kabbalistic prayers and rituals, praise of Jesus Christ as the great initiate, and a surprising assertion that Christianity has superseded ancient magic, revealing the life-long tension between Catholicism and magic in Lévi's personality and thought.
How Capitalism Was Built
Authors: Aslund Anders
Published: December 2012

Anders Aslund is known to make bold predictions that initially arouse controversy but soon become common wisdom. In Gorbachev's Struggle for Economic Reform (1989), he foresaw the collapse of the Soviet political and economic system. After Russia's financial crisis of 1998, observers declared the market economic experiment a failure, Aslund foresaw market economic success (Building Capitalism, 2002). In How Capitalism Was Built, 2nd Edition, he asks - and answers for the twenty-one countries he investigates:
• Why did communism collapse?
• Why did Russia not choose gradual reforms like China did?
• Wherein lies the relative success of postcommunist transformation?
• How did the oligarchs arise and decline vis-à-vis authoritarian leaders?
Anyone who wants to understand the often confusing postcommunist dramas and obtain an early insight into the future will find this intellectually stimulating book useful. This edition includes updates to each chapter and new chapters on the impact of the global financial crisis and the European Union.
Evaluating Elections
Authors: Alvarez R. Michael , Atkeson Lonna Rae , Hall Thad E.
Published: December 2012

In competitive and contested democratic elections, insuring integrity is critical. Evaluating Elections shows why systematic analysis and reporting of election performance is important and how data-driven performance management can be used by election officials to improve elections. The authors outline how performance management systems can function in elections and their benefits for voters, candidates and political parties. Journalists, election administrators and even candidates often ask whether recent elections were run well, whether there were problems in the administration of a particular state's elections and how well elections were run across the country. The authors explain that such questions are difficult to answer because of the complexity of election administration and because there is currently no standard or accepted framework to assess the general quality of an election.
Rhetoric, Politics and Popularity in Pre-Revolutionary England
Authors: Peltonen Markku
Published: December 2012

Rhetoric, Politics and Popularity in Pre-Revolutionary England provides a completely new account of the political thought and culture of Elizabethan and early Stuart England. It examines the centrality of humanist rhetoric in the pre-revolutionary educational system and its vital contribution to the political culture of the period. Humanism, Markku Peltonen argues, was crucial to the development of the participatory character of English politics as schoolboys were taught how to speak about taxation and foreign policy, liberty and tyranny. A series of case studies illustrates how pre-revolutionary Englishmen used the rhetorical tools their schoolmasters had taught them in political and parliamentary debates. The common people and the multitude were the orator's chief audience and eloquence was often seen as a popular art. But there were also those who followed these developments with growing dismay and Peltonen examines further the ways in which populist elements in political rhetoric were questioned in pre-revolutionary England.
Principles of Cognitive Radio
Authors: Biglieri Ezio , Goldsmith Andrea J. , Greenstein Larry J. , Mandayam Narayan B. , Poor H. Vincent
Published: December 2012

Widely regarded as one of the most promising emerging technologies for driving the future development of wireless communications, cognitive radio has the potential to mitigate the problem of increasing radio spectrum scarcity through dynamic spectrum allocation. Drawing on fundamental elements of information theory, network theory, propagation, optimisation and signal processing, a team of leading experts present a systematic treatment of the core physical and networking principles of cognitive radio and explore key design considerations for the development of new cognitive radio systems. Containing all the underlying principles you need to develop practical applications in cognitive radio, this book is an essential reference for students, researchers and practitioners alike in the field of wireless communications and signal processing.
An Economic History of Nineteenth-Century Europe
Authors: Berend Ivan
Published: December 2012

Why did some countries and regions of Europe reach high levels of economic advancement in the nineteenth century, while others were left behind? This new transnational survey of the continent's economic development highlights the role of regional differences in shaping each country's economic path and outcome. Presenting a clear and cogent explanation of the historical causes of advancement and backwardness, Ivan Berend integrates social, political, institutional and cultural factors as well as engaging in debates about the relative roles of knowledge, the state and institutions. Featuring boxed essays on key personalities including Adam Smith, Friedrich List, Gustave Eiffel and the Krupp family, as well as brief histories of innovations such as the steam engine, vaccinations and the co-operative system, the book helps to explain the theories and macro-economic trends that dominated the century and their impact on the subsequent development of the European economy right up to the present day.
Classical motion in random potentials
Authors: KNAUF ANDREAS , SCHUMACHER CHRISTOPH
Published: December 2012

We consider the motion of a classical particle under the influence of a random potential on ℝd, in particular the distribution of asymptotic velocities and the question of ergodicity of time evolution.
Geometric realization for substitution tilings
Authors: BARGE MARCY , GAMBAUDO JEAN-MARC
Published: December 2012

Given an n-dimensional substitution Φ whose associated linear expansion Λ is unimodular and hyperbolic, we use elements of the one-dimensional integer Čech cohomology of the tiling space ΩΦ to construct a finite-to-one semi-conjugacy G:ΩΦ→𝕋D, called a geometric realization, between the substitution induced dynamics and an invariant set of a hyperbolic toral automorphism. If Λ satisfies a Pisot family condition and the rank of the module of generalized return vectors equals the generalized degree of Λ, G is surjective and coincides with the map onto the maximal equicontinuous factor of the ℝn-action on ΩΦ. We are led to formulate a higher-dimensional generalization of the Pisot substitution conjecture: if Λ satisfies the Pisot family condition and the rank of the one-dimensional cohomology of ΩΦ equals the generalized degree of Λ, then the ℝn-action on ΩΦhas pure discrete spectrum.
A new entropy formula of Ledrappier–Young type for linear toral dynamics
Authors: XIE JIAN-SHENG
Published: December 2012

A detailed Ledrappier–Young theory is presented for linear toral dynamics. First, a proof is given for a simplified definition for local entropies which holds in more general settings besides the current linear dynamics. Then it is shown that the transverse dimensions can be defined directly via the Smale structure of the linear dynamical system. A new entropy formula of Ledrappier–Young type is obtained. The conjecture of Ledrappier and Xie [Vanishing transverse entropy in smooth ergodic theory. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 31(4) (2011), 1229–1235] is also discussed for such linear dynamics.
Serum response to supplemental macular carotenoids in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Meagher Katherine A. , Thurnham David I. , Beatty Stephen , Howard Alan N. , Connolly Eithne , Cummins Wayne , Nolan John M.
Published: December 2012

Macular pigment (MP) is composed of lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ). The present study reports on serum response to three different MP supplements in normal subjects (n 27) and in subjects with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n 27). Subjects were randomly assigned to: Group 1 (20 mg L and 2 mg Z), Group 2 (10 mg L, 2 mg Z and 10 mg MZ) or Group 3 (3 mg L, 2 mg Z and 17 mg MZ). Serum carotenoids were quantified at baseline, and at 4 and 8 weeks using HPLC. Response data for normal and AMD subjects were comparable and therefore combined for analysis. We report response as the average of the 4- and 8-week concentrations (saturation plateau). Serum L increased significantly in Group 1 (0·036 μmol/l per mg (269 %); P< 0·001) and Group 2 (0·079 μmol/l per mg (340 %); P< 0·001), with no significant change in Group 3 (0·006 μmol/l per mg (7 %); P= 0·466). Serum Z increased significantly in Group 1 (0·037 μmol/l per mg (69 %); P= 0·001) and Group 2 (0·015 μmol/l per mg (75 %); P< 0·001), with no significant change in Group 3 ( − 0·0002 μmol/l per mg ( − 6 %); P= 0·384). Serum MZ increased significantly in Group 1 (0·0094 μmol/l (absolute value); P= 0·015), Group 2 (0·005 μmol/l per mg; P< 0·001) and Group 3 (0·004 μmol/l per mg; P< 0·001). The formulation containing all three macular carotenoids (Group 2 supplement) was the most efficacious in terms of achieving the highest combined concentration of the three MP constituent carotenoids in serum, thereby potentially optimising the bioavailability of these compounds for capture by the target tissue (retina).
The Laitinen Conjecture for finite non-solvable groups
Authors: Pawałowski Krzysztof , Sumi Toshio
Published: December 2012

For any finite groupG, we impose an algebraic condition, theGnil-coset condition, and prove that any finite Oliver groupGsatisfying theGnil-coset condition has a smooth action on some sphere with isolated fixed points at which the tangentG-modules are not isomorphic to each other. Moreover, we prove that, for any finite non-solvable groupGnot isomorphic to Aut(A6) or PΣL(2, 27), theGnil-coset condition holds if and only ifrG≥ 2, whererGis the number of real conjugacy classes of elements ofGnot of prime power order. As a conclusion, the Laitinen Conjecture holds for any finite non-solvable group not isomorphic to Aut(A6).
The cultural shaping of revenge
Authors: Beckerman Stephen
Published: December 2012

There are interesting parallelisms between McCullough et al.'s article and studies of revenge presented by French legal anthropologist Raymond Verdier, particularly as regards the discussion of the increasing likelihood of revenge with increasing social distance. Additionally, the observation that many peoples speak of revenge in the language of debt and repayment, links it with exchanges of benefits as well as costs.
Revenge and forgiveness or betrayal blindness?
Authors: Johnson-Freyd Sasha , Freyd Jennifer J.
Published: December 2012

McCullough et al. hypothesize that evolution has selected mechanisms for revenge to deter harms and for forgiveness to preserve valuable relationships. However, in highly dependent relationships, the more adaptive course of action may be to remain unaware of the initial harm rather than risk alienating a needed other. We present a testable model of possible victim responses to interrelational harm.
The fuzzy reality of perceived harms
Authors: Konrath Sara , Cheung Irene
Published: December 2012

We review two subjective (mis)perceptions that influence revenge and forgiveness systems. Individual differences predict more (e.g., narcissism) or less (e.g., empathy) revenge, with the opposite pattern for forgiveness. Moreover, differences in victim versus perpetrator perceptions can influence revenge and forgiveness systems, perpetuating never-ending cycles of revenge. These two examples point to the need for theories of revenge and forgiveness to address the role of cognitive and motivational biases in the functionality of such behavioral responses.