bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Water and Sanitation in DRC: Impact evaluation of the ‘Sustainable WASH in Fragile Contexts (SWIFT 1)’ project
Authors: Vonk Jaynie
Published: April 2022

Between April 2014 and March 2018, the SWIFT Consortium, led by Oxfam with Tearfund and ODI as members, carried out the 'SWIFT 1' project in DRC and Kenya to provide access to water and sanitation and to promote basic hygiene practices. In DRC, the consortium worked with implementing partners HYFRO, CEPROSSAN, and PPSSP in rural and semi-urban areas in three eastern provinces – North Kivu, South Kivu and Maniema. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to increase the sustainability of water and sanitation systems and services. It focuses on measuring benefits attributable to additional activities the project carried out in rural areas, above and beyond the national ‘Villages et Ecoles Assainis’ (VEA) approach. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design, impact is assessed among individuals and their households in intervention and comparison communities in Kirotshe and Mweso Health Zones in North Kivu. Find out more by reading the full report now.
Resilience in Iraq: Impact Evaluation of the ‘Safe access to resilient livelihoods opportunities for vulnerable conflict-affected women in Kirkuk’ project
Authors: Pretari Alexia , Artuso Filippo
Published: April 2022

Between May 2016 and March 2018, Oxfam in Iraq, together with the Iraqi Al Amal Association (IAA), collaborated on the ‘Safe access to resilient livelihoods opportunities for vulnerable conflict-affected women in Kirkuk’ project. Funded by UN Women, the project marked the first collaboration between Oxfam and IAA (a women’s rights organization working in Kirkuk). The core themes of the project were women’s rights and economic justice. It aimed to reach women who had been displaced, were returnees at the time, or members of the communities to which displaced people had moved (host communities). This Effectiveness Review focuses on investigating the impact of support to income-generating activities on the women who received this support. The evaluation used a mixed methods design. Acknowledging that different women face different barriers and may have therefore benefitted differently from the project, an initial vulnerability assessment was carried out to bring an intersectional lens to the review. Configurational analysis was used to explore the project's impact, alongside different types of qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics. Find out more by reading the full report now.
Molecular and Biochemical Studies of Gamma Irradiated Rates Treated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Natural Antioxidant
Authors: Mahmoud Ashraf Z. , El.Sawi M. R. , Habza M. N.
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation (MSCs) and natural antioxidant such as silymarin have been postulated as hepato-protectors against ionizing radiation induced harm. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of (MSCs) and silymarin to ameliorate damage caused by gamma radiation. Materials and methods: Three days before irradiation, rats were given silymarin at a dose of 70 mg/kg dissolved in distilled water and continued for another 21 days. One day after gamma irradiation at a dose level of 4Gy, male rats were transplanted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) through intravenous injection. Results: One and three weeks after irradiation, irradiated animals receiving transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) and silymarin seperatly or with each other exhibited a pronounced elevation in liver antioxidant such as Glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione –S- transferase (GST), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDase) activity accompanied with significantdecline in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels in comparing with irradiated rats. Moreover, RAPD-PCR with primers OP-B10 and OP-B14 exhibited strong and different banding patterns in all treated rats compared to untreated control rats after 1 and 3 weeks of treatment.Conclusion: Treatment with MSCs and silymarin possess a radio protective capacity against ionizing-radiation induced oxidative stress and organ injury.
Stepwise synthesis of cellulose-based polyelectrolyte for generation of Ag-AgCl NPs for medical antibiofilm applications
Authors: Hasanzadeh Amir , Shojaei Salman , Gholipour Behnam , Vahedi Parviz , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: April 2022

In biomedical applications, biocompatible and nontoxic compounds are the most important types of cytotoxic effects. In this work, the polyelectrolyte Cell/IL/Ag-AgCl NPs were fabricated by immobilizing of Ag-AgCl nanoparticles on the surface of organic biopolymer (cellulose) without using any reducing agent. The physical and chemical properties of polyelectrolyte were characterized by various techniques including TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, and AAS. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of Cell/IL/Ag-AgCl NPs was investigated on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-43300) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-27853). The results illustrated that the antimicrobial effect of Cell/IL/Ag-AgCl NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was higher than that of Staphylococcus aureus and also by using the microtiter plate method, the antibiofilm effect of this compound against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was remarkable. It is expected that the use of these biocompatible compounds can inhibit the biofilm formation of bacteria on surfaces and equipment, to reduce nosocomial infections, in hospital environments, especially in the intensive care unit, surgery unit/room.
Management of Pregnancy-related Sacral Stress Fractures: 23 cases in a Single-center Experience
Authors: ÇATALTEPE AZIZ , Baş Serap
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aims to find out the incidence, etiology, and risk factors, define clinical features, show the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laboratory findings and share the experience of treatment and clinical outcome of pregnancy-related sacral stress fractures (SSFs). Methods: In total, 29.241 (15.008 of them vaginal and 14.283 of them caesarean section delivery) women gave birth in our hospital between January 2016 and December 2021. Twenty-three of them (0.078%) who had low back and pelvic pain were diagnosed with SSFs using pelvic MRI. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to rule out underlying osteopenia and osteoporosis and determine the type of SSFs. Results: To our knowledge, our study is the largest single-center study in the literature about SSFs related to pregnancy and is the first study regarding the incidence of pregnancy-related SSFs that was 0.078% (23/29.241patients). 73.91% of the patients were primigravida. Thirteen patients (56.52%) were classified as fatigue SSFs, eight (34.78%) were insufficiency SSFs, and only two (8.7%) were defined as a mixed type of SSFs Conclusions: Pregnancy-related SSFs are uncommon but should be considered by clinicians in the differential diagnosis of low-back and pelvic pain during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We determined that first pregnancy is a significant risk factor for SSFs. The current study also revealed that laboratory investigation of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and DEXA investigation, which may lead to osteoporosis or osteopenia, were crucial in the diagnosis. Furthermore, some SSFs should be reclassified as mixed fractures, fatigue, and insufficiency fractures.
Obesity is associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in acute optic neuritis
Authors: Stiebel-Kalish* Hadas , Rubarth Kerstin , Blum Karni , Tiosano Alon , Lotan Itay , Hellmann Mark A. , Wilf-Yarkoni Adi , Bialer Omer , Flanagan Eoin P. , Pittock Sean J. , Bhatti M. Tariq , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Friedemann Paul , Asseyer# Susanna , Chen# John J.
Published: April 2022

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody disease (MOGAD) at onset. The pathophysiology underlying these diseases, especially MOGAD, is still being elucidated. While obesity has been reported to potentially be a risk factor for MS, this has not been explored in NMOSD or MOGAD. We aimed to investigate a possible association between obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m²) and patients with MOGAD, NMOSD or MS. Methods: Multicenter non-interventional retrospective data collection from a first ever demyelinating attack of ON in patients subsequently diagnosed with MOGAD, NMOSD or MS between 2005-2020. The following data was collected: age, gender, ethnicity, BMI at disease onset and the etiology of ON after diagnostic work-up. A mixed model analysis was performed to assess the ability of obesity or BMI to predict MOGAD-ON and distinguish MOGAD-ON from NMOSD- and MS-ON. Main outcome measures included BMI in patients with acute ON and subsequent diagnosis of MOGAD, NMOSD or MS. Results: One-hundred and eighty-three patients were included: 44 with MOGAD, 49 with NMOSD, and 90 with MS. A higher BMI was significantly associated with a diagnosis of MOGAD-ON (p<0.001); in MOGAD patients the mean BMI was 31.6 kg/m² (standard deviation (SD) 7.2), while the mean BMI was 24.7 kg/m² (SD 5.3) in NMOSD patients and 26.9 kg/m² (SD 6.2) in MS patients. Mixed effects multionimal logistic regression, adjusted for age and gender with obesity as a binary variable revealed that obesity was associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of a subsequent MOGAD diagnosis (OR 5.466, 95% CI: [2.039, 14.650], p = 0.001) in contradistinction with NMOSD. Conclusion: This study suggests an association between obesity and MOGAD. Our finding requires further exploration, but could have significant pathophysiologic implications if confirmed in larger prospective studies.
Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on pulmonary compliance and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a double-blind randomized control trial
Authors: NI LIFENG , Chen Menglan , Huang Ling’er , Wang Kuirong , Zhou Yanfeng
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To observe the effects of different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation strategies on pulmonary compliance and complications in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostate surgery.Methods: A total of 120 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Class I or II who underwent elective robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into three groups of 40 patients each: control (PEEP=0 cmH2O), low-level (PEEP=5 cmH2O), and high-level (PEEP=10 cmH2O). Volume control ventilation with an intraoperative deep muscle relaxation strategy was used intraoperatively. Respiratory mechanics indexes were recorded at six time points: 10 min after anesthesia induction, immediately after pneumoperitoneum establishment, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, and at the end of pneumoperitoneum (T1-T6). Arterial blood gas analysis and oxygenation index calculation were performed at T1, T4, and after tracheal extubation (T7). Postoperative pulmonary complications were also recorded.Results: After pneumoperitoneum, peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), plateau pressure (Pplat), mean pressure (Pmean), driving pressure (ΔP), and airway resistance (Raw) increased significantly and pulmonary compliance (Crs) decreased, persisting during pneumoperitoneum in all groups. Between T2–T5, Pulmonary compliance in Group high-level was higher compared with Groups low-level (53.7/39.2/37.2/35.8 vs. 46/33.6/33.7/32.5; P<0.05) and control (53.7/39.2/37.2/35.8 vs. 38.4/28.2/26.7/27.4; P<0.05) .The driving pressure (ΔP) at T2–T5 in Group high-level was lower compared with Groups low-level (9.7/13.2/13.8/14.3 vs. 12.3/16.0/16.2/17.3; P<0.05) and control (9.7/13.2/13.8/14.3 vs. 17.0/21/22.3/22.0; P<0.05).At T4 and T7, the PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 did not significantly differ among the three groups((P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative pulmonary complications among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion: High levels of intraoperative PEEP increased lung compliance without significantly reducing postoperative pulmonary complications.Registered：The study was registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry 30/05/ 2020 (Registration No. ChiCTR2000033380).
Early steps towards professional clinical note-taking in a Swedish study programme in dentistry
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Lindberg Viveca , Jounger Sofia Louca , Christidis Maria
Published: April 2022

Background: Higher education tends to focus on academic writing only, instead of emphasizing that professional texts are also used as a basis for communication in contexts with a variety of participators. When it comes to clinical notes, research is scarce and focused on technology and informatics. Therefore, the aim was to explore dental students’ clinical notes, and specifically which aspects of the clinical notes characterizes clinical notes that are not sufficient enough for professional purposes.Methods: The object of analysis was the student’s written completion of a teacher constructed protocol regarding oral mucosa, the dental apparatus including pathology on tooth level, oral hygiene, and a validated international clinical examination protocol of the temporomandibular region. The study was framed within the New Literacy Studies approach, and the clinical notes were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Within the clinical notes three themes were identified; a) familiar content; b) familiar content in new context; and c) new content. The forms of notes could refer to either categorizational clinical notes or descriptive clinical notes. Most students were able to write acceptable clinical notes when the content was familiar, but as soon as the familiar content was in a new context the students had difficulties to write acceptable notes. When it comes to descriptive notes students suffered difficulties to write acceptable notes both when it came to familiar content, or familiar content in a new context.Conclusions: Taken together, the results indicate that students have difficulties writing acceptable notes when they are novices to the content or context, making their notes either insufficient, too short or even wrong for professional purposes. With this in mind, this study suggests that there is a need to strengthen the demands on sufficient professional quality in clinical notes and focus on clinical notes already in the early stages of the different medical educations.
Autophagy subtypes characterization identifies immune phenotypes and immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Ma Bo , Li Hui , Zheng Mingzhu , Cao Rui , Yu Riyue
Published: April 2022

Background
Autophagy degraded and recycled cytoplasmic components to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, which was recognized as double-edged sword in oncogenesis and novel target in cancer treatment. However, comprehensive analysis of the relationship between autophagy regulation and immunity has not been reported yet.
Methods
Unsupervised consensus clustering algorithm was used to identify autophagy regulation patterns. LASSO cox regression algorithm was used to build a scoring system (ATGscore) to represent the individual autophagy regulation pattern. Then integrated analysis of autophagy regulation patterns and ATGscore was performed.
Results
We have successful depicted five autophagy regulation patterns and established a scoring system (ATGscore) to represent it, which was shown to be significantly correlated with TIME infiltration, immune phenotypes, molecular subtypes, and genetic variation, etc. in 1165 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Moreover, ATGscore was an independent prognostic factor and potent predictor for clinical response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting immunotherapy.
Conclusions
Understanding the molecular characteristics of autophagy regulation patterns in HNSCC could help us to depict the underlying mechanism of tumour immunity and lay a solid foundation on combination of autophagy targeting therapies and immunotherapies for clinical application in HNSCC.
Magnitude of Domestic Violence among Antenatal Care Facility Attendees in Central Ethiopia and Associated Factors: a cross sectional study
Authors: Yesuf Subah Abderehim
Published: April 2022

Objective
To assess the magnitude of domestic violence (DV) and its correlates among pregnant women in attending antenatal care facilities in central Ethiopia.
Results
The study included data collected from 388 pregnant women whose age ranged from 20 to 41 with median (IQR) of 28 (24.25 to 32) years. Of these, 70.9% were urban dwellers. Overall, prevalence of violence during pregnancy was 30.9% (95%CI: 26.3–35.6), psychological violence being the most common form (26.8%), followed by physical violence (21.1%) and sexual violence (17.3%). Rural residence [AOR = 3.75 (95%CI:1.36,10.29)], early marital age [AOR = 10.89 (95%CI:3.17,37.44)], lower partner’s literacy status [AOR = 4.20 (95%CI:1.61,10.92)], living away from partner [AOR = 20.37(95%CI: 4.18,99.29)], partner’s alcohol use [AOR = 3.76 (95%CI:1.52,9.33)], and undesired pregnancy by partner [AOR = 4.44 (95%CI:1.47,13.42)] were significant predictors of DV during pregnancy.
Exploring the bio-sensing application of high-k gate stack double gate trench channel TFET with lightly doped drain
Authors: Kundu Antara , Saha Priyanka , Sarkar Subir Kumar
Published: April 2022

In this work, double gate trench channel (DG-TC) TFET based biosensor is presented for label free detection of biomolecules. Cavities are etched in the gate oxide across the source side for both the gates for biomolecules immobilization. To improve the performance of the device, stacked gate oxide with lightly doped drain (LDD) are introduced in DG-TC TFET. An extensive simulation study using ATLAS device simulator depicts enhanced ON current of 10− 5A/µm, lower average subthreshold slope (SS) of 34 mV/decade and high ON/OFF current ratio of 1014 with proposed DG-TC TFET owing to the integrated effect of trench channel configuration and enhanced tunneling area. To assess the sensing capability of the device, both neutral and charged biomolecules are considered and the effect of variation of the dielectric constant (k) and charge density (Nf) on device electrostatics are investigated and the sensitivity is estimated subsequently. The device with stack oxide structure records a high current sensitivity of 1.8×107 and 2.3×107 for positively and negatively charged biomolecules respectively with k = 12 in a completely filled cavity. Current sensitivity of the present device is also benchmarked against some of the existing TFET based biosensors to establish its superiority for future circuit and system level implementation.
Aerosol effects on clouds are concealed by natural cloud heterogeneity and satellite retrieval errors
Authors: Arola Antti , Lipponen Antti , Kolmonen Pekka , Virtanen Timo , Bellouin Nicolas , Grosvenor Daniel , Gryspeerdt Edward , Quaas Johannes , Kokkola Harri
Published: April 2022

One major source of uncertainty in the cloud-mediated aerosol forcing arises from the magnitude of the cloud liquid water path (LWP) adjustment to aerosol–cloud interactions, which is poorly constrained by observations. Many of the recent satellite-based studies have observed a decreasing LWP as a function of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) as the dominating behavior. Estimating the LWP response to the CDNC changes is a complex task since various confounding factors need to be isolated. However, an important aspect has not been sufficiently considered: the propagation of natural spatial variability and errors in satellite retrievals of cloud optical depth (COD) and
cloud effective radius (CER) to estimates of CDNC and LWP. Here we demonstrate using satellite and simulated measurements that, because of this propagation, even a positive LWP adjustment is likely to be misinterpreted as negative. This biasing effect therefore leads to an underestimate of the aerosol-cloud-climate cooling and must be properly considered in future studies.
Added value of high-resolution regional climate model in simulating precipitation based on the changes in kinetic energy
Authors: Kim Gayoung , Kim Jineun , Cha Dong-Hyun
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the added value (AV) of high-resolution regional climate model in simulating precipitation over the Korean Peninsula. Two experiments were conducted with different horizontal resolutions (36 km vs. 4 km), and their results were compared. The AV of varying topographical detail, resulting from differences in horizontal resolution, was analyzed separately. With identical topography, the high-resolution model simulated amplified precipitation intensity than the low-resolution model, in all quantiles and especially for extreme precipitation. Additionally, the precipitation generated by mesoscale or local scale weather/climate events was simulated with greater intensity in the high-resolution model. With the same grid spacing, the more detailed topography model showed AV for increasing spatial variability of precipitation, especially in the mountainous regions. The AVs identified in this study were related to kinetic energy with wavelengths at the meso-beta or smaller scale.
Unlocking the hidden chemical space in cubic-phase garnet solid electrolyte for long-term stable solid-state batteries
Authors: Jung Sung-Kyun , Gwon Hyeokjo , Kim Hyungsub , Yoon Gabin , Jung Changhoon , Kim Ju-Sik
Published: April 2022

Compared to the tetragonal phase, the cubic phase polymorphism of garnet-type solid electrolytes (Li7La3M2O12) has attracted considerable interest for all-solid-state batteries owing to their high ionic conductivity. Herein, we successfully synthesized a cubic-phase garnet without vacancy formation (Li = 7.0) by applying multicomponent (Hf, Sn, Sc, and Ta) substitutions in the Zr site, considering defect formation energy, site-exchange energy, and charge balance. The entropy-driven stabilization allowed access to the hidden chemical space in cubic-phase garnet (Li > 6.6), and signified the feasibility of low-temperature synthesis as the nucleation temperature of cubic phase decreased from 750 to 400 ℃ in the solid-state reaction. Specifically, Li = 7.0 cubic-phase garnet-type solid electrolyte exhibited superior reduction stability against lithium metal compared to that with low lithium contents (Li = 6.6) and identical atomic species, which further demonstrated the long-term cycle operational stability of such solid-state batteries. The present findings exemplified the superior reduction stability of the cubic-phase garnet with higher chemical potential of lithium to design solid electrolytes.
Scaling optical computing in synthetic frequency dimension using integrated cavity acousto-optics
Authors: Zhao Han , Li Bingzhao , Li Huan , Li Mo
Published: April 2022

Optical computing with integrated photonics brings a pivotal paradigm shift to data-intensive computing technologies. However, the scaling of on-chip photonic architectures using spatially distributed schemes faces the challenge imposed by the fundamental limit of integration density. Synthetic dimensions of light offer the opportunity to extend the length of operand vectors within a single photonic component. Here, we show that large-scale, complex-valued matrix-vector multiplications on synthetic frequency lattices can be performed using an ultra-efficient, silicon-based nanophotonic cavity acousto-optic modulator. By harnessing the resonantly enhanced strong electro-optomechanical coupling, we achieve, in a single such modulator, the full-range phase-coherent frequency conversions across the entire synthetic lattice, which constitute a fully connected linear computing layer. Our demonstrations open up the route towards the experimental realizations of frequency-domain integrated optical computing systems simultaneously featuring very large-scale data processing and small device footprints.
Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in unexplained, severe ARDS – a single center retrospective case series
Authors: Eisenmann Stephan , Lambrecht Nina , Dießel Linda , Busse Christin , Nuding Sebastian , Vogt Alexander
Published: April 2022

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of severe respiratory impairment. It needs a correct characterization which often is challenging. Additional surgical lung biopsy was previously reported to be of additive value. In severe and unexplained ARDS we tried to define an additional diagnostic benefit of transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB). Method: We retrospectively collected data of TBCB in unexplained ARDS, whether with or without ECMO-support. TBCB was performed in one segment, that was prophylactically occluded by Watanabe spigot or swab after the procedure. Histology results and their contribution to further therapeutic decisions were analyzed. Results: Between 2019 and 2020 TBCB was performed in seven patients. Decision for the intervention was decided in multidisciplinary discussion before. Three patients were treated with ECMO. The median duration of invasive ventilation before TBCB was 24 days. Histology revealed four diffuses alveolar damage, one acute fibrinoid organizing pneumonia and one cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. All results contributed to the decision of further management. While no pneumothorax or severe endobronchial bleeding occurred, two delayed hematothoraces needed surgical treatment. No patients died due to TBCB.Conclusion: TBCB is feasible in ARDS even during ECMO treatment. Histologic results can play a significant role in therapeutic and ethic discussion to guide the patients’ path. Side effects should be considered and monitored.
Pseudocapacitive lithium-rich disordered rocksalt vanadium oxide with 3D lithium-ion transport pathways for high-performance lithium-ion capacitor
Authors: Zhao Han , Hua Minghao , Li Chongxing , Li Tong , Qin Yuying , Zhang Shuxian , Lin Xiaohang , Yin Longwei , Wang Rutao
Published: April 2022

Pseudocapacitive materials with high-rate behavior of lithium-ion charge storage offer a pathway to narrow the kinetics gap with capacitive porous carbon cathode toward lithium-ion capacitors both with high energy and high power densities. However, most of pseudocapacitive materials are subject to their relatively high redox potential and/or the morphological requirement of nanoscale, thus resulting in an undesirable decrease in energy density from either gravimetric or volumetric sides. Here, we demonstrate that lithium-rich disordered rock salt vanadium oxide (DRX-Li3V2O5) exhibits typical pseudocapacitive behaviors within a low working potential range between 0.1 V and 2 V versus a Li/Li+ reference electrode. The pseudocapacitive behaviors of DRX-Li3V2O5 is inherent to its bulk form, which mainly arises upon a percolating network that offers three-dimensional lithium-ion transport pathways confirmed by the Monte Carlo simulations. A lithium-ion capacitor is further assembled by combing this pseudocapacitive DRX-Li3V2O5 anode with a capacitive activated carbon cathode, yields a cell voltage of 4.0 V and both high values of energy and power densities, higher than or comparable to that of the state-of-art lithium-ion capacitors based on graphite and other pseudocapacitive materials. Lithium-ion capacitor based on this high-rate and low-cost DRX-Li3V2O5 anode is ready for commercialization.
Determination of Reference Values for Tear Production and Intraocular Pressure in Pygoscelid Penguins of the Antarctic Peninsula † ‡
Authors: BAYRAM Latife CAKIR , İSLER Cafer Tayer , EKEBAS Görkem
Published: April 2022

According to literature review, this is the first study investigating tear production and intraocular pressure in pygoscelid penguins living in their natural habitat. This study also provides reference values for penguins kept under professional care at zoos and rehabilitation centres. This study aimed to establish normal values for standard ocular tests, including the Schirmer tear test (STT-1) and intraocular pressure test (IOP), for penguins belonging to the genus Pygoscelis (P), namely, the Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins. Ophthalmic measurements were made from the Antarctic. In the left eye of each penguin, the amount of tear production (TP) was determined with the STT-1 and the IOP was measured using a Tonovet® rebound tonometer. No macroscopic findings affecting the eyelids, third eyelid, cornea or anterior eye camera were detected in the eyes of the examined penguins. The mean STT-1 and mean IOP values of 129 and 120 adult penguins were determined as 10.163 ± 4.054 mm/min and 38.852 ± 13.188 mmHg, respectively. A statistical difference at the level of p < 0.001 was determined between the islands for the mean IOP values. While no statistically significant difference was detected between the penguin species for the mean IOP values, between the locations was found to be significant (p < 0.001). Statistical differences at a level of p < 0.05 were determined for the mean TP values between the all locations and for the mean IOP values between the all locations ( p < 0.001) and only Lions Rump - Ardley I (p = 0.023). A statistical difference of p < 0.05 was detected between the chinstrap and gentoo for the mean STT-1 values. This study, which is aimed at reporting the first literature data in this field, has shown the need for further more detailed studies to elucidate the impact of different locations, daily time intervals and seasons on the STT and IOP values of penguins.
Widening the landscape of transcriptional regulation of algal photoprotection
Authors: Arend Marius , Yuan Yizhong , Ruiz-Sola M. Águila , Omranian Nooshin , Nikoloski Zoran , Petroutsos Dimitris
Published: April 2022

Availability of light and CO2, substrates of microalgae photosynthesis, is frequently far from optimal. Microalgae activate photoprotection under strong light, to prevent oxidative damage, and the CO2 Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) under low CO2, to raise intracellular CO2 levels. The two processes are interconnected; yet, the underlying transcriptional regulators remain largely unknown. By employing a large transcriptomics data compendium of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii responses to different light and carbon supply we reconstructed a consensus genome-scale gene regulatory network from complementary inference approaches and used it to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of photoprotection. We showed that the CCM regulator LCR1 also controls photoprotection, and that QER7, a Squamosa Binding Protein, suppresses photoprotection- and CCM-gene expression under the control of the blue light photoreceptor Phototropin. Along with demonstrating the existence of regulatory hubs that channel light- and CO2-mediated signals into a common response, our study provides a unique resource to dissect gene expression regulation in this microalga.
Atypical Polycystic Kidney Disease by Imaging
Authors: Pei York , Iliuta Ioan-Andrei , Win Aung Zaw , Lanktree Matthew B. , Lee Seung Heyck , Pourafkari Marina , Nasri Fatemeh , Guiard Elsa , Haghighi Amirreza , He Ning , Ingram Alistair , Quist Crystal , Hillier David , Khalili Korosh
Published: April 2022

Using age- and height-adjusted total kidney volume, the Mayo Clinic Imaging Classification provides a validated approach to assess the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), but requires excluding patients with atypical imaging patterns, whose clinical characteristics have been poorly defined. We report an analysis of the prevalence, clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with atypical polycystic kidney disease by imaging. Patients from the extended Toronto Genetic Epidemiology Study of Polycystic Kidney Disease recruited between 2016 and 2018 completed a standardized clinical questionnaire, kidney function assessment, genetic testing, and kidney imaging by magnetic resonance or computed tomography. We compared the prevalence, clinical features, genetics, and renal prognosis of atypical versus typical polycystic kidney disease by imaging. Forty-six of the 523 (8.8%) patients displayed atypical polycystic kidney disease by imaging; they were older (55 vs. 43 years; P < 0.001), and less likely to have a family history of ADPKD (26.1% vs. 74.6%; P < 0.001), a detectable PKD1 or PKD2 mutation (9.2% vs. 80.4%; P < 0.001), or progression to CKD stage 3 or stage 5 (P < 0.001). Patients with atypical polycystic kidney disease by imaging represent a distinct prognostic group with a low likelihood of progression to CKD.
The Differences between normal and obese patient handling: Re- structural analysis of two questionnaires
Authors: Heidarimoghadam Rashid , Mosaferchi Saeedeh , Ray Pradip Kumar , Saednia Hamid , Najafi-Ghobadi Khadijeh , Mortezapour Alireza
Published: April 2022

Background
Precise causes of musculoskeletal complaints among nurses are not known well, but many studies have pointed to manual patient handling tasks. Subjective judgment and decision-making process for patient lifting is crucial for gathering data regards patient handling. The aim of this study was to consider reliability and validity and re-structure of two special tools for patient handling’s tasks.
Methods
In this cross- sectional study 249 nurses were fully participated. As recommended by literature for cultural adaptation of instruments, forward/backward translation method was applied. Reliability of the translated version was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity testing for the two scales was based on content validity index/ratio analysis and also Exploratory Factor Analysis was run to extract latent factors.
Results
Reliability estimated by internal consistency reached a Cronbach's Alpha of above 0.7 for all subscales of two questionnaires. After testing the validity, the final version of questionnaires was remained by 14 and 15 questions respectively.
Conclusions
These instruments evaluated for manual handling of normal and obese patients had acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian Nursing context. So these tools can be used in further studies with the same cultures.
Melatonin improves endometrial receptivity of adenomyosis mice via the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Kun-Ming , Guan Xiao-Hong , Liu Dan , Zhou Hong , Dai Chao-Qun , Wang Tao , Fang Yuan , Jia Yan-Ping
Published: April 2022

Background: Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological disorder but has detrimental effect on female fertility of childbearing age. Melatonin is a classic antioxidant and free radical scavenger to protect against tissue damage, and exerts important roles in reproductive systems. The effects of melatonin on endometrial development in adenomyosis remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the function of melatonin on endometrial development in adenomyosis mice and its possible mechanisms. Methods: Inducing an adenomyosis mouse model by oral administration of tamoxifen. 0, 10, 20, 30, 50 mg/kg body weight melatonin were then respectively injected to investigate the effect of melatonin on implantation rates. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of endometrial receptivity markers in endometrium during implantation window. Endometrial mRNA expressions of implantation-associated，oxidative stress-correlated and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Western blotting was used to explore the mechanism of protective effect of melatonin on endometrial development. Results: 30mg/kg melatonin injection significantly improved the number of implantation sites in an adenomyosis model mice. Adenomyosis adversely effected the development of mouse uterine development and impaired endometrial receptivity. Melatonin administration ameliorated hyper-inflammation state of the endometrium, improved antioxidant capacity and depressed apoptosis of endometrial cells induced by adenomyosis to reduce reproductive damage by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion: Melatonin treatment ameliorates impaired endometrial development and endometrial receptivity of adenomyosis mice by improving the microenvironment of endometrium via NF-κB signaling pathway. The current study suggests the potential efficacy of melatonin based adenomyosis therapy.
Advanced Rival Combatant Identification with Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques in war field
Authors: Gundu Srinivasa Rao , Panem Charan arur , J Vijay Laxmi , Surthanis Satheesh
Published: April 2022

This research shows how Hybrid Machine Learning (HML) techniques may be used in real time to identify an Army personal fighting zone or any other specified location in order to reduce safety risks via the detection of an invasion or enemies. Deep Learning (DL) techniques, such as Faster R-CNN, YOLO, and DenseNet, were used to find employees, categorize objects, and detect subtle characteristics in a variety of datasets. Testing showed that a 95% recall rate and a 90% precision rate were possible. This indicates high detection. A cleanness of 85 percent and a correctness of 80 percent were achieved in a real-world construction site application. To some things up: The recommended approach may enhance current safety management methods in conflict zones, borders, and beyond.
Dilute lattice doping of Cu-64 into 2D-nanoplate; its impact on radio-labeling efficiency and stability for target selective PET imaging
Authors: Eom Sairan , Kim Min Hwan , Yoo Ranji , Choi Goeun , Kang Joo Hyun , Lee Yong Jin , Choy Jin-Ho
Published: April 2022

Backgound:
Positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine provides useful information for tumor diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and quantitativeness on biochemical and physiological changes in in-vivo system. Radioisotope-labeled materials develped for PET imaging still have decisive weekness, since they are low in labeling efficiency and labeling stability.
Results
Quintinite nanoplate (64Cu-QT-NP) isomorphically substituted with 64Cu, as the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging material, was prepared via two-step processes. The 64Cu labeling efficiency of 99% was realized, for the first time, by immobilizing the 64Cu radioisotope directly in the octahedral site of 2 dimensional (2D) quintinite lattice. Furthermore, the 64Cu labeling stability of 64Cu-QT-NPs was also achieved more than ~ 99% in various solutions such as saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and other biological media (mouse and human serums). In in-vivo xenograft mice model, the passive targeting behavior of 64Cu-QT-NPs into tumor tissue based on enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect was also demonstrated by parenteral administration, and successfully visualized using positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. For enhancing the tumor tissue selectivity, the bovine serum albumin (BSA) was coated on 64Cu-QT-NPs to form 64Cu-QT-NPs/BSA, resulting in better colloidal stability and longer blood circulation time, which was eventually evidenced by the 2-fold higher tumor uptake rate when intravenousely injected in an animal model.
Conclusions
The present 64Cu-QT-NPs/BSA with tumor tissue selectivity could be an advanced nano-device for radio-imaging and diagnosis as well.
Ab initio studies on complexes of ozone with diatomic molecules
Authors: Grein Friedrich
Published: April 2022

Møller-Plesset MP2 and coupled cluster CCSD(T) calculations using the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set were performed on structures, energies and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the complexes O3-HF, O3-HCl, O3-OH, O3-H2, O3-N2, O3-CO, O3-O2, O3-F2, O3-Cl2 and O3-FCl. Most complexes have Cs symmetry, with the symmetry plane being the plane of ozone (for the hydrogen bonded O3-HF to O3-OH complexes) or the plane perpendicular to ozone (for most others). Dissociation energies De range from 718 cm-1 to 1137 cm-1 for the hydrogen bonded complexes O3-HCl to O3-HF, and from 200 cm-1 to 477 cm-1 for non-hydrogen bonded complexes from O3-H2 to O3-Cl2. Due to complex formation harmonic vibrational frequencies of the diatomic molecules are red shifted in the hydrogen bonded complexes, from 39 cm-1 for O3-OH to 156 cm-1 for O3-HF. Corresponding infrared intensities increase by a factor of about five.
The clinical efficacy of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics in patients with bone fenestration and dehiscence: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Ziling , Zhou Huan , Zhang Kaili , Wang Xu , Zhong Liangqiuyue , Hou Yuxia , Chen Yue
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The objective of the study was to explore the effect of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) in orthodontic patients with bone dehiscence and fenestration in the anterior alveolar region of the mandible.Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 42 patients with bone dehiscence and fenestrations in the anterior alveolar region of the mandible underwent the PAOO technique. Bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD), keratinized gingiva width (KGW), gingival recession depth (GRD), and gingival phenotype were recorded and assessed at baseline, postoperative 6 and 12 months. Cone-beam computerized tomography was utilized for bone volume measurement in term of root length (RL), horizontal bone thickness at different levels and vertical bone height at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after the surgery. Results: The sample was composed of a total of 42 patients (22 males and 20 females; mean age, aged 25.6 ± 4.8 years) with 81 teeth showing dehiscence/fenestrations and 36 sites presenting with gingival recessions. There was no significant difference in BI, PD, and KGW (between baseline, postoperative 6 and 12 months) based on the clinical evaluations (P > 0.05). Gingival recession sites demonstrated a significant reduction in the GRD after surgery (P < 0.05). Besides, the proportion of teeth with thick gingival phenotype was increased from 33.61% at baseline to 53.13% at the end of the follow-up. In addition, the bone thickness at mid-root and crestal level was markedly increased compared with the baseline records (P < 0.05), although the increase in apical level was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, alveolar bone height was also remarkably increased at postoperative 6 month compared with the baseline records (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, the obtained results show that PAOO technique is beneficial to periodontal conditions in terms of soft and hard tissue augmentation. PAOO procedure may represent a safe and efficient treatment for orthodontic patients with bone dehiscence and fenestration.Trial registration: This study was approved by the ethics committee of stomatological hospital affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University (xjkqll[2019]NO.016) and registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100053092).
APN deficiency accelerates brain aging via mitochondrial associated neuroinflammation
Authors: He Kaiwu , Nie Lulin , Ali Tahir , Liu Zizhen , Li Weifen , Gao Ruyan , Liu Jianjun , Dai Zhongliang , Xie Yongmei , Zhang Zaijun , Liu Gongping , Dong Ming , Yu Zhi-Jian , Li Shupeng , Yang Xifei
Published: April 2022

A wide spectrum of changes occur in the brain with age, from molecular to morphological aspects, and inflammation accompanied by mitochondria dysfunctions is one of the significant processes and factors associated with age. Adiponectin (APN), an adipokine important in glucose and lipid metabolism, is involved in the aging; however, their roles in brain aging have not been explored adequately. Here, we aimed to mechanistically illuminate the causal relation of brain aging with APN deficiency via multiple biochemical and pharmacology approaches while using APN KO mice, primary microglia, and BV2 cells. Initially, we found that declined APN levels in aged subjects correlated with dysregulated cytokine levels in human individuals. Interestingly, APN KO mice exhibited accelerated aging accompanied by learning and memory deficits, anxiety-like behaviors, neuroinflammation, and immunosenescence. APN deficient mice displayed aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction and HDAC1 upregulation. Accordingly, adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon could alleviate the mitochondrial deficits and aging markers induced by rotenone or antimycin A in BV2 cells. Further results indicated that HDAC1 antagonism by Cpd 60 reduced the mitochondrial dysfunction and improved aging-related inflammation, as validated in D-galactose treated APN KO mice. Altogether, these findings indicate that APN is a critical regulator of aging by preventing neuroinflammation associated with mitochondrial impairment of the brain via HDAC1 signaling.
MTGPVM: Adaptive Active Learning Assisted Virtual Metrology Modeling in Chemical Vapor Deposition Systems
Authors: Ji Shanling , Dai Min , Wen Haiying , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhisheng , Xia Zhijie , Zhu Jianxiong
Published: April 2022

Virtual metrology estimates the quality using processing variables collected from the multi-sensor system and enhances the detection efficiency compared with manual real metrology. However, the multitask learning problem and few labeled sets from available real metrology are challenges for virtual metrology modeling. Accordingly, this paper presents the improved method to combine multi-task Gaussian process and adaptive active learning for the application of virtual metrology in intelligent manufacturing. Initially, a multitask Gaussian processes-based virtual metrology (MTGPVM) model is built by combining the coregionalization matrix and two basic kernel functions and sharing latent correlation characteristics among tasks. Furthermore, three query functions utilizing uncertain sampling and diversity sampling are proposed for the active learning of multitask virtual metrology. Additionally, the adaptive active learning algorithm is proposed for virtual metrology model training with the few labeled data of real metrology. Finally, the case study on the proposed methods is carried out based on the coating processing of solar silicon wafers with the technology of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The experimental results indicate that the MTGPVM model is based on the combination of outperformed Martern kernel and linear kernel other multitask regression models, the proposed adaptive active learning algorithm prompted the learning accuracy of MTGPVM model with a small amount of labeled training data.