bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obedience in perspective: Psychology and the Holocaust
Authors: Mastroianni George R.
Published: October 2015

Stanley Milgram’s explanation of the Holocaust in terms of the mechanism of obedience is too narrow. While obedience was one mechanism which contributed to the outcome, the murder of Jews and others was the work of people from a broad swath of German society, from economists who planned mass starvation to ordinary soldiers in the Wehrmacht, often acting without duress or apparent pressures to conform. Psychologists should not ask “why?” the Holocaust occurred, but “how?” Much behavior of perpetrators, bystanders, victims, and instigators can be understood as the consequence of normal mechanisms of perception, learning, socialization, and development. What made genocide possible was not the transitory conditions created in a lab in a few hours but a complex of mechanisms that are the product of generations of human experience and of elaborate rational, emotional, and logical justifications. This requires a more complex future psychology than the narrow focus on situationist obedience.
Children’s experience of sport in Australia
Authors: McPherson Lynne , Long Maureen , Nicholson Matthew , Cameron Nadine , Atkins Prue , Morris Meg E
Published: October 2015

Australia is known as a ‘sporting nation’ and sport is central to its cultural identity. Children’s participation in leisure activities, including sport, is considered to be of such importance that it is enshrined as an international human right. There is a growing awareness, however, that children’s experience of sport is not always positive and that abuse and harm may occur in organised sport. This paper reports on a study designed to explore children’s experiences of organised sport, as recounted by young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years. A mixed methods study design was implemented, which resulted in 107 survey responses and 10 follow-up interviews with young adults. Overwhelmingly, young people reported the lasting developmental benefits of participation in organised sport as children. More than 50% also reported negative experiences, including emotional and physical harm and sexual harassment. The reasons for these apparently contradictory findings are explored. The role of coaches, peers, parents and the wider sporting association ethos are investigated and suggestions made for future research.
Exploring Transition to Self-Management Within the Culture of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Labore Nancy , Mawn Barbara , Dixon Jane , Andemariam Biree
Published: October 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the meaning of transition to self-management in sickle cell disease. Design/Method: Twelve audio-recorded semistructured interviews were conducted with a sample of 21- to 25-year-olds recruited from a comprehensive sickle cell center in the northeast region of the United States. Data were analyzed using an existential framework according to van Manen’s phenomenological method. Findings: The meaning of transition to self-management was found in lived time, space, body, and human relationship. The emerging themes highlighted in this article include: Best Mother Ever, Growing up in the Hospital, I’m Not Trying that Again, Doing it on My Own, Living Day-by-Day, and Not a Kid any Longer. The themes reflected meaning and insight into this unique experience. Conclusion/Practice Implications: Study results emphasize the culturally constructed meaning of transition to sickle cell disease self-management and need to integrate transcultural perspectives into nursing practice to support this emerging phenomenon.
Chemotherapy drug shortages in paediatric oncology: A 14-year single-centre experience in Belgium
Authors: Bauters Tiene , Claus Barbara OM , Norga Koen , Huys Isabelle , Simoens Steven , Laureys Geneviève
Published: October 2015

Shortages of chemotherapy are a growing challenge for the healthcare system. We present the burden of drug shortages of chemotherapeutics in the paediatric hemato-oncology unit of a tertiary care hospital and solutions that were used to manage them. Between January 2001 and December 2014, 54 individual shortages were detected, affecting a total number of 21 different drugs. In total, 4127 shortage days were registered with a mean duration of 196.5 SD ± 144.0 days per individual drug shortage. Methotrexate, doxorubicin and carboplatin had the longest supply disruptions. Solutions to address the problems were purchase of a generic alternative, a change of individual treatment plans, cohorting of patients and import from abroad.
Management and long-term outcome of pelvic fractures: a retrospective study of 43 cats
Authors: Meeson Richard L , Geddes Alex T
Published: October 2015

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the management and long-term outcome of cats with pelvic fractures.

Methods

Cats with pelvic fractures had their records and radiographs reviewed. Radiographs were reviewed for fracture configuration, implants and pelvic canal narrowing. Owners were contacted for long-term follow-up.

Results

Forty-three cats met the criteria (mean follow-up 24 months [range 6–45 months]). The majority (93%) had more than one orthopaedic pelvic injury, with sacroiliac fracture luxations seen most commonly; 23% had presurgical neurological deficits. Most cats (74%) were managed surgically; 60% of sacroiliac fracture luxations, 82% of ilial fractures and 50% of acetabular fractures received surgery. The complication rate was 22%, most commonly sciatic neurapraxia (13%). Seventy-nine percent of all neurological deficits resolved and the remainder improved. Mean pelvic canal narrowing after trauma was −15% in surgical and −16% in conservatively managed cats. Canal width was improved postoperatively (–8%) but mildly narrowed further by follow-up (–12%); however, these changes were not significant. Nineteen percent of cats had constipation postsurgery; none developed megacolon. There was no clear correlation between the degree of narrowing of the pelvic canal up to −50%, or whether conservative treatment was opted for, and the development of constipation. Long-term mobility was not impaired in 86% of cats, and 84% did not have any lameness detectable.

Conclusions and relevance

The majority of cats were managed surgically, with a 22% complication rate; the most common being transient sciatic neurapraxia. Long-term outcome was generally excellent and most had a full recovery. Constipation/obstipation was very uncommon and no clear relationship with pelvic canal narrowing could be found when considering narrowing of up to −50% in both surgical and conservative groups. As no cats in this cohort had narrowing greater than −50%, the current recommendation of surgery to improve the canal width if narrowing is greater than −45% to −50% should remain.
Multiple sclerosis masquerading as Alzheimer-type dementia: Clinical, radiological and pathological findings
Authors: Tobin WO , Popescu BF , Lowe V , Pirko I , Parisi JE , Kantarci K , Fields JA , Bruns MB , Boeve BF , Lucchinetti CF
Published: October 2015

Background and objectives:

We report a comprehensive clinical, radiological, neuropsychometric and pathological evaluation of a woman with a clinical diagnosis of AD dementia (ADem), but whose autopsy demonstrated widespread demyelination, without Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology.

Methods and results:

Initial neuropsychometric evaluation suggested amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Serial magnetic resonance images (MRI) images demonstrated the rate of increase in her ventricular volume was comparable to that of 46 subjects with aMCI who progressed to ADem, without accumulating white matter disease. Myelin immunohistochemistry at autopsy demonstrated extensive cortical subpial demyelination. Subpial lesions involved the upper cortical layers, and often extended through the entire width of the cortex.

Conclusions:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause severe cortical dysfunction and mimic ADem. Cortical demyelination is not well detected by standard imaging modalities and may not be detected on autopsy without myelin immunohistochemistry.
Exploration of changes in disability after menopause in a longitudinal multiple sclerosis cohort
Authors: Bove Riley , Healy Brian C , Musallam Alexander , Glanz Bonnie I , De Jager Philip L , Chitnis Tanuja
Published: October 2015

Background:

Onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) is typically in early adulthood. The impact, if any, of menopause on the MS course is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether menopause is associated with changes in MS severity in a longitudinal clinical cohort.

Methods:

Responses from an ongoing reproductive questionnaire deployed in all active female CLIMB observational study participants with a diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or MS were analyzed when the response rate was 60%. Reproductive data were linked with clinical severity measures that were prospectively collected every six months, including our primary measure, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

Results:

Over one-half of the respondents (368 of 724 women) were postmenopausal. Median age at natural menopause was 51.5 years. In our primary analysis of 124 women who were followed longitudinally (mean duration 10.4 years) through their menopausal transition (natural or surgical), menopause represented an inflection point in their EDSS changes (difference of 0.076 units; 95% CI 0.010–0.14; p = 0.024). These findings were not explained by vitamin D levels, nor changes in treatment or smoking status over this period. There was no effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) exposure, but HRT use was low.

Conclusions:

We observed a possible worsening of MS disability after menopause. Larger cohorts are required to assess any HRT effects.
Autonomous motivation mediates the relation between goals for physical activity and physical activity behavior in adolescents
Authors: Duncan Michael J , Eyre Emma LJ , Bryant Elizabeth , Seghers Jan , Galbraith Niall , Nevill Alan M
Published: October 2015

Overall, 544 children (mean age ± standard deviation = 14.2 ± .94 years) completed self-report measures of physical activity goal content, behavioral regulations, and physical activity behavior. Body mass index was determined from height and mass. The indirect effect of intrinsic goal content on physical activity was statistically significant via autonomous ( b = 162.27; 95% confidence interval [89.73, 244.70]), but not controlled motivation ( b = 5.30; 95% confidence interval [−39.05, 45.16]). The indirect effect of extrinsic goal content on physical activity was statistically significant via autonomous ( b = 106.25; 95% confidence interval [63.74, 159.13]) but not controlled motivation ( b = 17.28; 95% confidence interval [−31.76, 70.21]). Weight status did not alter these findings.
Extended parenting education in an early parenting centre
Authors: Berry Karen , Jeon Yun-Hee , Foster Kim , Fraser Jennifer
Published: October 2015

This article reports findings from a process and impact study of a residential early parenting centre programme in Australia. The programme supports parents with young children under the age of three, referred from health and child protection services. Multiple sources of data were used from interviews, focus groups, direct observations, observer notes and a parenting sense of competence questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analyses, and paired t-tests were used to test data from the questionnaire. Three themes emerged from thematic analysis of the qualitative data: engaging families, building parenting capacity and transitioning back to the community. Parents’ perceptions of parent competence improved significantly between admission and discharge for participating families. Detailed accounts of the way in which nurses work to achieve positive outcomes in relation to parenting confidence and satisfaction in the short term have provided useful insights into often taken-for-granted support processes in working with referred parents. The complexity of the nurses’ role and implications for nursing practice in residential parenting centres are discussed. Future research is warranted to determine longer-term benefits of this programme being delivered in a residential early parenting centre.
Multimodal, multiplex, multispatial: A network model of the self
Authors: Banks Jaime
Published: October 2015

Contemporary culture finds human experience spread across various digital and physical spaces. Although many scholars embrace derivative perspectives of a distributed self—dramaturgical, multiphrenic, networked—these notions are seldom engaged as empirically testable theories. This article proposes a theoretical model to foster such empirical examination, in which the “self” is not engaged as a node in broader social networks, but taken as a network itself. That is, the self is reframed as a subjectively experienced network of identities that are, themselves, complex assemblages of many different kinds of objects. In this way, the binaries of me/not-me, human/nonhuman, material/immaterial, and digital/physical are unraveled in favor of more precisely identified interrelated agents giving rise to the Self across digital and physical contexts.
Cutting through Abundance: Raf Simons and the Artful Slice
Authors: Kessler Elizabeth A
Published: October 2015

This article interprets fashion designer Raf Simons’s use of elegant cuts in his Fall–Winter 2014/15 ready-to-wear collection for Christian Dior in relationship to economic cuts instituted as a response to the Great Recession. It situates the incisions used by Simons within the history of fashion and of art as a means to propose that several dresses from the collection convey a subtly subversive message. In their silhouette, they resemble Dior’s New Look, a style associated with the return to abundance and optimism that followed World War II. But cuts in fashion often symbolize defiance and rebellion. With their precise cuts through an abundance of fabric, Simons’s dresses for Dior expose the uncertainty that accompanies the current economic revival.
Interdisciplinary-action-research: Post-earthquake interventions with older people in Chile
Authors: Espinoza Adriana E , Osorio-Parraguez Paulina , Reyes Pamela
Published: October 2015

This article reflects on a methodological research proposal developed from the perspective of interdisciplinary action research in the context of fear-coping interventions for older people in seven rural areas of southern Chile, following the earthquake and tsunami of February 2010. First, we used interventions based on music and art therapy to gather information on their emotional condition. We not only identified high levels of psychological stress, but also that their strengths were related to the Chilean culture and folk traditions. The creative strategies used proved to be therapeutic and healing, since participants reported they were able to express their fears, giving new meaning to their experiences in a collective context. The results highlight the importance of engaging with community members in the production of knowledge, and in defining collectively the cultural pertinence of interventions. It concludes with a discussion about the possibility of replicating this proposal in post-disaster intervention contexts.
Lighting for cycling in the UK—A review
Authors: Fotios S , Castleton HF
Published: October 2015

While UK governments have recently sought to increase cycling activity, it remains a minority interest. One reason for this is the perceived danger of cycling on roads filled with traffic. There is statistical evidence to support this perception; for equal exposure, cyclists are more likely to be seriously injured than either drivers or pedestrians. Lighting has a role to play in reducing the hazards of cycling by enhancing the visibility and conspicuity of cyclists. Unfortunately, it is not at all clear that the current lighting regulations and recommendations for cycling and cyclists are the best that can be achieved or are even adequate for these purposes. A number of actions are suggested that should enable lighting’s contribution to the safety of cyclists to be realized.
How is parenting related to adolescent delinquency? A between- and within-person analysis of the mediating role of self-control, delinquent attitudes, peer delinquency, and time spent in criminogenic settings
Authors: Janssen Heleen J. , Eichelsheim Veroni I. , Deković Maja , Bruinsma Gerben J.N.
Published: October 2015

We examined how parenting is directly and indirectly associated with adolescent delinquency. We derived four possible mechanisms from major criminological theories and examined their relative contribution to explaining the relationship between parenting and delinquency: self-control theory (that is, self-control), differential association theory (that is, delinquent attitudes and peer delinquency), and routine activity theory (that is, time spent in criminogenic settings). In addition, we examined how changes in different aspects of parenting during adolescence were directly and indirectly related to changes in delinquency. Results of multilevel structural equation modeling on two waves of panel data on 603 adolescents indicated that parenting was indirectly related to delinquency through self-control, delinquent attitudes, peer delinquency, and time spent in criminogenic settings. However, only when examined together these variables, derived from major criminological theories, almost fully mediate the effects of parenting. Furthermore, changes in parenting during adolescence were indirectly related to changes in delinquency through changes in delinquent attitudes and in peer delinquency.
Revenue Sharing and Player Salaries in Major League Baseball
Authors: Hill James Richard , Jolly Nicholas A.
Published: October 2015

This article analyzes how changes made to the revenue sharing agreement in the 2007 Major League Baseball collective bargaining agreement influenced the salaries of position players and pitchers. The tax rates associated with revenue sharing decreased following ratification of the 2007 agreement. Theoretically, these changes should increase players’ marginal revenue product and, therefore, salaries. Results indicate that position players experienced an increase in salary following the 2007 agreement. Pitchers’ salaries also increased, but by a smaller amount. The effect of the 2007 agreement was different throughout the salary distribution for position players, but uniform throughout the distribution for pitchers.
Identity work of corporate social responsibility consultants: Managing discursively the tensions between profit and social responsibility
Authors: Ghadiri Djahanchah P , Gond Jean-Pascal , Brès Luc
Published: October 2015

Critical evaluations of the current movement of corporate social responsibility (CSR) commodification have neglected an important question: How do CSR professionals manage the tensions resulting from the search for both profit and social responsibility? This article addresses this question by analyzing the discourse of CSR consultants with the aim of understanding how they deal with such tensions through identity work. Our findings suggest that people who claim, or who are ascribed, paradoxical professional identities may engage in ‘paradoxical identity mitigation’ – a process whereby the concomitant and paradoxical use of linguistic strategies is aimed at simultaneously embracing and distancing oneself from contradictory identity demands. In uncovering how CSR professionals discursively manage the tensions engendered by CSR commodification, our results also advance current knowledge of CSR by shedding light on the underlying processes whereby new ‘hybrid’ identities are constituted and mobilized by actors to make sense of their professional activities.
Not a proper crisis
Authors: Paglia Eric
Published: October 2015

This article examines and qualifies the proposition that humankind’s recently acquired geological agency has brought about the convergence of Earth and human history. Contrasting a contemporary representation of human–nature interactions – the ‘Great Acceleration graphs’ documenting humanity’s post-war dominance – with an earlier perspective elaborated by Fernand Braudel, whose historical philosophy assigned physical geography powerful agency over human affairs, this article contends that ‘environmental crisis’ is a valid characterization of the post-1950 reordering of human–nature relations. Yet it is not a ‘proper’ crisis, as the environmental and climate crisis cannot be managed as a discrete event – as crises are often thought of today – in hope of restoring the status quo ante. Drawing on an older connotation of crisis, this article proposes a temporal conceptualization of environmental crisis, signifying a multi-decade historical period of reordering that spans the decline of the Holocene and advent of the Anthropocene. The intended and unintended consequences of human decisions will determine whether convergence, through reflexivity or coercion, results from this ongoing epochal transition.
The antenarrative of negotiation
Authors: Bülow Anne Marie , Boje David M
Published: October 2015

Within organizations, there are occasions where a contract negotiation is recognizable, e.g. a job offer. However, that situation is already embedded in other structures and negotiations. This article explores the nature of such embeddedness. We extend negotiation theory by adding an analysis of the multiplicity of contexts that inform the process of continuous positioning in the organization. We organize the various kinds of influences on the stakeholders along the lines of Boje’s antenarrative paradigm, in order to show how the web of issues, positions and constraints come to form the bases of argumentation that underlie negotiation. We study a case of New Public Management in a university, as an organization with several layers of decision-makers and distributed responsibility for resource allocation. By examining the dynamic development of antenarrative, we contribute a theory of embeddedness that helps to develop strategic ‘bets on the future’ that practitioners can use as a preparation tool before negotiations.
Band Instrument Selection and Assignment
Authors: Millican J. Si
Published: October 2015

This review of the literature examines the process of matching students with band instruments as presented in academic research journals and practitioner publications. While some directors may evaluate the potential impact of students’ physical characteristics such as lip size and shape, teeth and jaw structure, body build, and so forth, other sources have cited the importance of fine- and gross-motor coordination, aural skills acuity, music aptitude, timbre preference, motivation, personality, and environmental influences. A few empirical studies have suggested a positive impact on student achievement and retention when professional educators assist students in selecting instruments. Despite conflicting information, helping students match their gifts to specific instruments deserves careful study and more attention from those who assist students in selecting instruments. Motivation to play a particular instrument is a strong factor in predicting success and persistence. Some suggestions for possible approaches to clear up some of the ambiguity are provided.
Procalcitonin and mortality in status epilepticus: an observational cohort study
Authors: Sutter Raoul , Valença Martina , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Rüegg Stephan , Marsch Stephan
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Acute-phase proteins, such as procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin, may relate with course and outcome in status epilepticus (SE), as seizures bring about inflammation, changes of cytokine levels and blood–brain barrier breakdown. We aimed to determine the predictive value of serum levels of PCT at SE onset for the emergence of infections and unfavorable outcome in adult patients with SE. Furthermore, we sought to compare the predictive value of PCT, CRP and albumin for death.

Methods

This observational cohort study was performed in the intensive care units of the University Hospital Basel (Switzerland), a university-affiliated tertiary care center. Adult patients with SE admitted from 2005 to 2012 were included. Serum levels of PCT, CRP and albumin were assessed at SE onset. Unfavorable outcome (i.e., death and a Glasgow Outcome Score of 1 to 3) during hospital stay and mortality after 30 days were considered the primary and infections as the secondary outcome measures.

Results

In 91 SE patients, mortality was 23.1 % during hospital stay and at 30-days follow-up. Infections emerged in 30.8 % of patients. In the multivariable analysis, PCT predicted unfavorable outcome independently from possible confounders such as acute etiology, infections during SE, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and the Status Epilepticus Severity Score (hazard ratio 1.44 per every increasing ug/L, 95 % confidence interval 1.11-1.87). Additional multivariable analysis including serum levels of PCT, CRP and albumin revealed PCT as the only biomarker independently associated with an increased hazard for unfavorable outcome. PCT levels at SE onset were not related to infections during SE.

Conclusions

Serum PCT levels measured at SE onset are independently associated with unfavorable outcome but do not predict the emergence of infections during SE. Procalcitonin may increase the predictive value of clinical scoring systems allowing for rapid risk stratification early in the course of SE.
Association between in vivo bone formation and ex vivo migratory capacity of human bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Andersen Rikke K. , Zaher Walid , Larsen Kenneth H. , Ditzel Nicholas , Drews Katharina , Wruck Wasco , Adjaye James , Abdallah Basem M. , Kassem Moustapha
Published: October 2015

Introduction

There is a clinical need for developing systemic transplantation protocols for use of human skeletal stem cells (also known bone marrow stromal stem cells) (hBMSC) in tissue regeneration. In systemic transplantation studies, only a limited number of hBMSC home to injured tissues suggesting that only a subpopulation of hBMSC possesses “homing” capacity. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that a subpopulation of hBMSC defined by ability to form heterotopic bonein vivo, is capable of homing to injured bone.

Methods

We testedex vivoandin vivohoming capacity of a number of clonal cell populations derived from telomerized hBMSC (hBMSC-TERT) with variable ability to form heterotopic bone when implanted subcutaneously in immune deficient mice.In vitrotranswell migration assay was used and thein vivohoming ability of transplanted hBMSC to bone fractures in mice was visualized by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). In order to identify the molecular phenotype associated with enhanced migration, we carried out comparative DNA microarray analysis of gene expression of hBMSC-derived high bone forming (HBF) clones versus low bone forming (LBF) clones.

Results

HBF clones were exhibited higherex vivotranswell migration and following intravenous injection, betterin vivohoming ability to bone fracture when compared to LBF clones. Comparative microarray analysis of HBF versus LBF clones identified enrichment of gene categories of chemo-attraction, adhesion and migration associated genes. Among these, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α and β were highly expressed in HBF clones. Follow up studies showed that the chemoattractant effects of PDGFin vitrowas more enhanced in HBF compared to LBF clones and this effect was reduced in presence of a PDGFRβ-specific inhibitor: SU-16 f. Also, PDGF exerted greater chemoattractant effect on PDGFRβ+cells sorted from LBF clones compared to PDGFRβ-cells.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate phenotypic and molecular association betweenin vivobone forming ability and migratory capacity of hBMSC. PDGFRβ can be used as a potential marker for the prospective selection of hBMSC populations with high migration and bone formation capacities suitable for clinical trials for enhancing bone regeneration.
Modified semi-implicit midpoint rule for nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Yao Yonghong , Shahzad Naseer , Liou Yeong-Cheng
Published: October 2015

The purpose of the paper is to construct iterative methods for finding the fixed points of nonexpansive mappings. We present a modified semi-implicit midpoint rule with the viscosity technique. We prove that the suggested method converges strongly to a special fixed point of nonexpansive mappings under some different control conditions. Some applications are also included.
Wave-equation-based image warping
Authors: Khalil Adel , Hoeber Henning
Published: October 2015

In seismic processing and reservoir characterization, we often need to measure relative displacements between different realizations of data. Over the years, many methods have been developed using different measures of similarity. Such alignment or warping methods are often effective signal or image processing tools. However, none of the available methods are directly driven by the physics of seismic imaging. We have found that a seismic image can be considered as a field governed by the wave equation. We visualized different image realizations as snapshots of the wavefield at different times, and these conveyed the required displacements or time shifts. By formulating the problem in a physical context, we obtained displacements that honored the directionality of the wave propagation. For example, 4D time shifts on migrated stacks were obtained in a direction normal to the reflectors. We have computed these shifts in an inverted finite-difference scheme. To overcome limitations of the two-way wave equation in this application, we factorized it to its one-way counterparts. The method was demonstrated on synthetic and real data sets.
State Innovation Waivers: Redrawing the Boundaries of the ACA
Authors: Howard Heather , Benshoof Galen
Published: October 2015

In the federalist spirit of the rest of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), section 1332 of the law authorizes new optional waivers for state innovation. These waivers, 1332 waivers, as they have become known, offer states the flexibility to refashion their coverage systems, provided that their reforms stay within important boundaries set by statute. A year and a half out from the earliest effective date — January 1, 2017 — some states have already begun the planning and engagement process required as part of the waiver application. This article discusses possible waiver strategies aimed at exchange sustainability, coverage expansion, delivery system reform, and more. States have the option to make small, targeted fixes or bring more sweeping changes to their health landscapes. Though the application process is involved and states must still accomplish the aims of the ACA, 1332 waivers give them the opportunity to tailor the law to local politics, markets, and health systems.
On spherical Monte Carlo simulations for multivariate normal probabilities
Authors: Teng Huei-Wen , Kang Ming-Hsuan , Fuh Cheng-Der
Published: October 2015

The calculation of multivariate normal probabilities is of great importance in many statistical and economic applications. In this paper we propose a spherical Monte Carlo method with both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. We start by writing the multivariate normal probability via an inner radial integral and an outer spherical integral using the spherical transformation. For the outer spherical integral, we apply an integration rule by randomly rotating a predetermined set of well-located points. To find the desired set, we derive an upper bound for the variance of the Monte Carlo estimator and propose a set which is related to the kissing number problem in sphere packings. For the inner radial integral, we employ the idea of antithetic variates and identify certain conditions so that variance reduction is guaranteed. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations on some probabilities confirm these claims.
Nonlinear filtering of stochastic dynamical systems with Lévy noises
Authors: Qiao Huijie , Duan Jinqiao
Published: October 2015

Nonlinear filtering is investigated in a system where both the signal system and the observation system are under non-Gaussian Lévy fluctuations. Firstly, the Zakai equation is derived, and it is further used to derive the Kushner-Stratonovich equation. Secondly, by a filtered martingale problem, uniqueness for strong solutions of the Kushner-Stratonovich equation and the Zakai equation is proved. Thirdly, under some extra regularity conditions, the Zakai equation for the unnormalized density is also derived in the case of α-stable Lévy noise.
ERAD of proteins containing aberrant transmembrane domains requires ubiquitination of cytoplasmic lysine residues
Authors: Briant Kit , Koay Yee-Hui , Otsuka Yuka , Swanton Eileithyia
Published: October 2015

Clearance of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The mechanisms through which proteins containing aberrant transmembrane domains are degraded by ERAD are poorly understood. To address this question, we generated model ERAD substrates based on CD8 with either a non-native transmembrane domain but a folded ER luminal domain (CD8TMD*), or the native transmembrane domain but a misfolded luminal domain (CD8LUM*). Whilst both chimeras were degraded by ERAD, we found that the location of the folding defect determined the initial site of ubiquitination. Ubiquitination of cytoplasmic lysine residues was required for the extraction of CD8TMD* from the ER membrane during ERAD, whilst CD8LUM* continued to be degraded in the absence of cytoplasmic lysines. Cytoplasmic lysines were also required for degradation of an additional ERAD substrate containing an unassembled transmembrane domain, and when a non-native transmembrane domain was introduced into CD8LUM*. Our results suggest that proteins with defective transmembrane domains are removed from the ER via a specific ERAD mechanism that depends upon ubiquitination of cytoplasmic lysines.
Dynamics of chromatin accessibility and epigenetic state in response to UV damage
Authors: Schick Sandra , Fournier David , Thakurela Sudhir , Sahu Sanjeeb Kumar , Garding Angela , Tiwari Vijay K.
Published: October 2015

Epigenetic mechanisms determine the access of regulatory factors to DNA during events such as transcription and DNA damage response. However, the global response of histone modifications and chromatin accessibility to UV exposure remains poorly understood. Here, we report that UV exposure results in a genome-wide reduction in chromatin accessibility, while the distribution of the active regulatory mark H3K27ac undergoes massive reorganization. Genomic loci subjected to epigenetic reprogramming upon UV represent target sites of sequence-specific transcription factors. Most of these are distal regulatory regions, highlighting their importance in the cellular response to UV exposure. Furthermore, UV exposure results in an extensive reorganization of super-enhancers accompanied by expression changes of associated genes partly important for stress response. Taken together, our study provides the first comprehensive resource for genome-wide chromatin changes upon UV irradiation in relation to gene expression and elucidates novel aspects of this relationship.
Will jumping snails prevail? Influence of near-future CO2, temperature and hypoxia on respiratory performance in the tropical conchGibberulus gibberulus gibbosus
Authors: Lefevre Sjannie , Watson Sue-Ann , Munday Philip L. , Nilsson Göran E.
Published: October 2015

Tropical coral reef organisms are predicted to be especially sensitive to ocean warming because many already live close to their upper thermal limit, and the expected rise in ocean CO2 is proposed to further reduce thermal tolerance. Little, however, is known about the thermal sensitivity of a diverse and abundant group of reef animals, the gastropods. The humpbacked conch (Gibberulus gibberulus gibbosus), inhabiting subtidal zones of the Great Barrier Reef, was chosen as a model because vigorous jumping, causing increased oxygen uptake (ṀO2), can be induced by exposure to odour from a predatory cone snail (Conus marmoreus). We investigated the effect of present-day ambient (417–454 µatm) and projected-future (955–987 µatm) PCO2 on resting (ṀO2,rest) and maximum (ṀO2,max) ṀO2, as well as ṀO2 during hypoxia and critical oxygen tension (PO2,crit), in snails kept at present-day ambient (28°C) or projected-future temperature (33°C). ṀO2,rest and ṀO2,max were measured both at the acclimation temperature and during an acute 5°C increase. Jumping caused a 4- to 6-fold increase in ṀO2, and ṀO2,max increased with temperature so that absolute aerobic scope was maintained even at 38°C, although factorial scope was reduced. The humpbacked conch has a high hypoxia tolerance with a PO2,crit of 2.5 kPa at 28°C and 3.5 kPa at 33°C. There was no effect of elevated CO2 on respiratory performance at any temperature. Long-term temperature records and our field measurements suggest that habitat temperature rarely exceeds 32.6°C during the summer, indicating that these snails have aerobic capacity in excess of current and future needs.
Synthesis and Properties of Substituted Polyacetylenes Containing Pyrene Moieties in the Side Group
Authors: Sugano Shou , Kouzai Hiroaki
Published: October 2015

A novel phenylacetylene derivative containing a pyrene group was synthesized and polymerized with various Rh complex catalysts. The obtained polymers were soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform and THF. The Mw and Mw/Mn were estimated as ca. 12000–18000 and 1.3–1.7 respectively, and the polymer yields were estimated as around 57–72%. The characteristic absorptions of ≡C–H (3200 cm−1) and C≡C (2100 cm−1) stretchings seen in the monomer spectra have completely disappeared in the polymer spectra from IR spectrum. 1H NMR analysis confirmed that the acetylene triple bonds transformed to polyene double bonds. These polymers were found to be thermally stable based on TGA data. The synthesized polymers exhibited blue fluorescence. The fluorescence quantum yield in solution was high at 0.37–0.41. Furthermore, the obtained polymer had a long fluorescence lifetime.
Conducting Polymer Wire Formed by Electrochemical Oxidation of 3-Methylthiophene as a Solvent
Authors: Harima Yutaka , Ishiguro Kyoko , Patil Rahul
Published: October 2015

Conducting polymer wires with 0.3–0.5 µm thickness and up to 5 mm length were formed by electrochemical oxidation of 3-methylthiophene (3-MT) between two pointed Pt electrodes placed in a 3-MT solvent containing 40 mM Bu4NBF4. A key for the wire formation was a phase-separated structure of the 3-MT/Bu4NBF4 solution such as giving electrolyte-rich globules and an electrolyte-poor bulk.
Development of the Performance Based Plastic Design for Steel Concentric Braced Frames and Evaluation by Energy Methodology
Authors: Banihashemi M.R. , Mirzagoltabar A.R. , Tavakoli H.R.
Published: October 2015

This paper presents the development of performance based plastic design (PBPD) method to design steel concentric braced frames (SCBFs). The design base shear is obtained based on energy-work balance equation using preselected target drift and yield mechanism. Also, the energy-work balance can be applied to estimate seismic demands, herein called the energy spectrum method. PBPD method was originally developed to design SCBFs. The results were too conservative. For further improvement, this paper presents some modifications such as C2-Factor method and P-delta effect in energy-work balance equation to give a better estimate of design base shear. For validity, three baselines frames (3, 6, 9-story) are designed according to AISC 2005 seismic provisions (Baseline frames). Then, the frames are designed based on the Original PBPD method (Original PBPD method). Finally, they are designed based on modifications applied on PBPD method (Modified PBPD frames). These frames are subjected to extensive inelastic pushover and time-history analyses. The Results show that the Modified PBPD frames meet all the intended performance objectives in terms of yield mechanisms and target drifts whereas the Baseline frames show very poor response due to premature brace fractures leading to unacceptably large drifts and instability. Also, Modified PBPD frames show that the structures having 20%–25% weight less than the Original PBPD can meet the performance objectives. Moreover, the drift demands obtained from energy spectrum method significantly correspond with the results of time history analyses.
To the Source of Profession. Part One: The problems of Periodization of the Management History
Authors: Титов  , Titov Vladimir , Суханова  , Sukhanova Gulshat
Published: October 2015

Knowing of the history of profession is the basis of career self-identifi cation. The authors off er a series of research devoted to the study of the origin and evolution

of such concepts as administration, management and HR-management. The fi rst part will study the problem of periodization of the history of management

as a science, practices and phenomenon. The following parts of the work draw special attention to the evolution of HR-manager as a profession.

The educational and scientifi c literature on the history of management off ers diff erent variants of periodization. Each scientist has his/her own views not only

onthe criteria of periodization or on the point of origin but on the methodology of periodization in general. In this paper the authors attempted to compare

diff erent approaches and identify key problem areas in the process of periodization of the evolution of management theory and practice.
Formation of the System of Continuous Improvement of Competencies of an Individual Within Professional and Corporate Training
Authors: Маличенко  , Malichenko I.
Published: October 2015

The disturbance of the modern model of the reproduction of human capital is seen in the asymmetric distribution of information and intellectual resources in the sector of the real economy, the education marketandthe labor market. The new model of informational and networking interaction among economic actors and agents of the education market within the framework of public-private partnerships and co-developed knowledge management system that takes into account the needs and expectations of all stakeholders in the educational process will signifi cantly reduce the deformation of the education system and join eff orts in the formation of intellectual and innovation-oriented economy in Russia, where the inexhaustible sources of economic growth will be opened in new specialists themselves. The article off ers organizational and management model for continuous training and development, bringing together members of professional and corporate entities for the purpose of continuous improvement of competency of the person in accordance with modern requirements of the market and the priorities of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. This attitude brings together the capabilities of all stakeholders in the formation of both young and practicing specialists through the use of eff ective methods of learning, development and knowledge management, organizational and communicational forms of interaction.
Formalism in University Management
Authors: Белый  , Belyy V. , Макеева  , Makeeva Dina
Published: October 2015

Improvement of the management of the University today is of great importance. Although the entire administrative staff in their work should be guided by job

descriptions that defi ne functional responsibilities of all University employees, some peculiarities of their activities are put to consideration on the basis of

practical experience.

Managing a University is quite a diffi cult task. This not only implies top managers’ ability to place personnel well, but also requires selecting capable and creative

leaders for subordinate levels of management. Special attention is necessary to prevent merely formalistic work of managers at all levels of management.

Today formalisticmanagement issues lack attention. This happens because it is diffi cult to separate positive and negative aspects of formalism. That is why

consideration of the issues raised is timely and relevant.
Managing Employee Turnover
Authors: Митрофанова  , Mitrofanova Aleksandra
Published: October 2015

This article continues the abstract of lectures on “Economics of personnel management” for bachelor degree program. The article reveals the essence and content of employee turnover. It Presents stages of the cyclical nature of employee turnover. Content of the main negative and positive consequences of employee turnover in the organization is displayed. Main stages of the procedure of staff turnover management areshown in consecutive stages. The main indicators for measuring employee turnover are provided.
Higher Education As an Investment in Individual Human Capital
Authors: Сухова  , Sukhova E. , Сараева  , Saraeva N.
Published: October 2015

In the present economic conditions it’s important to increase the effi ciency of investment in individual human capital. Higher education for students is an

investment in their human capital. Therefore, it is relevant to study the attitude of students to the learning process in the University, to identify factors that

reduce the eff ectiveness of learning, i.e. the process of investing. The authors developed two targeted questionnaires and conducted a survey of 141 student of

Samara state University of Economics. Analysis of results allowed to formulate and substantiate scientifi c recommendations for improving the eff ectiveness of

investments in human capital in the learning process at the University. It is necessary to activate self-training, to clearly structure and present information, to

use business games and debates, to praise for success, to positively treat the initiative of students.
Problem of Creation of Work Safety Climate for Personnel
Authors: Морозова  , Morozova I. , Козлов  , Kozlov V.
Published: October 2015

In recent years Management of personnel health and safety has gained a new value. Formation of culture of personnel safety creates the possibility of quality increase of level of the guaranteed work safety. The authors explore the essence of such notions as «labour protection culture» and «labour safety culture». They analyze the main factors infl uencing the person’s behavior at modern production site and aggravating technological health risks. The Research has shown that the study of safety culture is inextricably linked to safety climate. The climate of safety opens a way to overcoming social and psychological problems of work safety of the personnel. In this regard, the article provides a list of indicators of safety climate. These indicators can serve as a practical tool for the assessment and recognition of the potential problem areas of the human resource management in the organization.