bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the stiffness characteristics and contact status of matched angular contact ball bearings considering the effect of varying spatial position of rolling ball
Authors: Gu Jianguo , Yang Junyan , Zhang Shengdong , Xinglei Zhang , You Shihui
Published: October 2024

In engineering practice, bearings used as support components are usually installed in pairs in various rotating machines. The mechanical and contact characteristics of bearings play a crucial role in determining the operational accuracy, safety performance and stability of equipment. Numerous studies focused on single bearings have been reported form diffident aspects for enhancing service performance. However, the literature reports on the matched bearings are scarce due to the mutual coupling of rolling elements and the extremely complex stress conditions. Especially the stiffness fluctuation and internal contact status affected by the ball position are difficult to be observed and tested experimentally because of the complex and compact structure, which significantly impacts the safe and reliable operation of rotating machines. To overcome the above shortcomings, this paper investigates the effect of ball position on the stiffness characteristics and contact status of matched angular contact ball bearings based on the coordinate matrix transformation approach and Jones’ statics model. Then, the stiffness results of published literature are used as a benchmark to validate the accuracy of solution method of this paper. Finally, 7206B bearings with different installing forms are used as a numerical example to reveal the effect of ball position on the stiffness characteristics and contact status of matched angular contact ball bearings under different working conditions. The study provides a scientific guidance to investigate the mechanical characteristics and contact mechanism of multi-bearing system.
Rapid diagnosis of proportional valve pilot stage stiction fault via dynamic model-based temporal features
Authors: Tian Hao , Liu Jianbo , Gong Yongjun
Published: October 2024

As the key flow control elements in modern mechatronic systems, electrohydraulic proportional valves determine the total system operating status. Due to effects such as mechanical wear, micro scale particles may accumulate in the oil and eventually cause stiction in the valve spool. Therefore, early prognosis of valve faults via spool displacement sensing is critical for efficient and economical operations. However, the spool stiction is difficult to measure due to the fully enclosed design of valves, excluding the possible sensor installation options. Traditionally, the sensor-less fault diagnosis is done by machine learning to classify the features extracted using frequency domain methods, which can be time consuming and the trained model is computationally too heavy for the onboard controller. In this paper, a light-weight spool stiction diagnosis method is proposed, where time-series features extracted from coil current signals as well as spool dynamics can be used to quantitively determine the stiction severeness. A hardware-in-the-loop test bed is designed to perform valve spool stiction simulating experiments, and a piloted operated solenoid proportional valve is selected as the validation target. A three-layer regression neural network is established as the baseline. Initial results show the proposed model can detect spool stiction at various degrees, which accuracies are on par with the baseline neural network but nearly three orders of magnitude faster.
The effect of disc deformation on the dynamic response of multi-disc systems: A tilting-impact model originating from the wet clutch
Authors: Xue Jiaqu , Ma Biao , Xiong Cenbo , Yu Liang , Feng Yuqing
Published: October 2024

Analyzing the dynamic response of a wet multi-disc clutch is crucial for relevant fault diagnosis research. However, characterizing the tilting-impact phenomenon between the friction discs remains ambiguous. This paper presents a tilting-impact model of a multi-disc system under dry conditions and investigates the effect of disc deformation on the system dynamics. Firstly, Euler angles and Euler kinematic differential equations are introduced to describe the spatial position and orientation of the spinning-tilting disc. The aligning centrifugal moment, spline friction force, and tilting-impact forces for both flat and deformed discs are derived. A bench test is conducted to validate the model by comparing simulation and experimental signals at various rotation speeds. The results indicate that the occurrence of tilting-impact phenomena in dry conditions requires external disturbances, and the discs eventually stop tilting-impacting once the disturbance subsides, and the system with deformed discs experiences longer recovery times. Furthermore, the tilting-impact forces in systems with deformed discs are smaller than those with flat discs only.
Research on surface integrity of titanium alloy in V-groove micro-textured ball-end milling cutter
Authors: Yang Shucai , Liu Feng , Guo Yuchao
Published: October 2024

In order to realize chip guiding control in titanium alloy machining, reduce the negative influence of unstable chip flow direction on the milling environment, and improve the performance and reliability of parts, this article adopts the V-groove micro-texture carbide tool as the research object and takes the laser preparation of the V-groove micro-texture as a breakthrough point, analyzes the influence of laser parameters on the aspect ratio of V-groove micro-texture, and optimizes the laser parameters. The titanium alloy milling test platform was built to analyze the influence of the micro-texture parameters of the V-groove on the surface integrity of the workpiece, reveal the action mechanism, and optimize the relevant parameters based on the artificial bee colony algorithm. The results show that laser power has the largest influence on the aspect ratio of the groove. The power determines the melt content in the groove and influences the width and depth of the micro-texture. The optimized laser combination parameters are: laser power 42.5 W, scanning speed 10 mm/s scanning times nine times, scanning frequency 30 kHz, and spot diameter 30 μm. The V-groove micro-texture on the tool surface can change the chip flow direction, reduce the contact area of the chip, accommodate the cutting particles, and improve heat conduction, reducing cutting resistance and friction, thereby optimizing cutting control distance, thereby improving the surface integrity of the workpiece becomes. The optimized V-groove micro-texture parameters are as follows: V-groove angle X = 46.2°, V-groove height H = 175 μm, radial spacing L = 259.4 μm, circumferential angle J = 2.1°, and distance from the edge K = 120 μm.
Exergetic characterization of flat plate solar collector using genetic algorithm
Authors: Ponnusamy Sathyakala , Kalaiarasu Balaji , Gangadharan Sai Sundara Krishnan , P Krishnakumar
Published: October 2024

With the rapid advancement of technology, the global demand for energy is increasing exponentially. It is crucial to focus on energy conservation and conversion across all sectors. This study conducted a second law or exergy analysis on a solar water heating system to uncover hidden losses during the process. To optimize exergetic efficiency, a genetic algorithm was employed to control the overall loss coefficient of a solar flat plate collector. Four decision variables were used in the genetic algorithm—heat flux rate, glass cover temperatures at the inlet and exit, and collector plate temperature to minimize the overall loss coefficient. Energy efficiency, entropy generation, and exergy destruction were estimated for various mass flow rates using thermodynamic equilibrium equations. Exergy correlations were developed concerning mass flow rate (0.001–0.009 kg/s), inlet temperature (300 K–360 K), collector plate area (1–10 m²), incident solar energy (400–900 W/m²), optical efficiency (0.4%–1%), and ambient temperature (300–315 K) under a range of initial conditions. It was found that exergy efficiency slightly increased (0.01%–0.08%) over a 12-h period. Although this increase is small, it can significantly contribute to energy conservation over the long term. The genetic algorithm predicted the minimum loss coefficient occurring during peak hours (12–14 p.m.) with respect to four decision variables. The results of this study were compared with existing literature and showed good agreement. In addition to the exergy analysis, an uncertainty error analysis was performed to assess the reliability and accuracy of the experimental measurements and computational predictions. By quantifying these uncertainties, the study ensured that the reported enhancements in exergy efficiency and the optimization results obtained through the genetic algorithm are robust and credible. This rigorous error analysis adds confidence to the findings, highlighting the potential for improved energy conservation in solar water heating systems.
Improving parameters for achieving uniform cylindrical cup wall thickness in two-step deep drawing processes with SPCC sheet material
Authors: Luyen The-Thanh , Nguyen Duc-Toan
Published: October 2024

Deep drawing processes are essential in modern manufacturing for creating intricate components with deep hollows, particularly cylindrical forms. These processes are widely used in industries such as household appliances, automotive manufacturing, aerospace engineering, and fire safety equipment. This study focuses on the two-step deep drawing of cylindrical cups, utilizing both simulation and experimental methods. The primary goal is to determine optimal geometric and technological parameters for mold design and to address issues like wrinkling and tearing. Key parameters, including punch nose radius (Rpf), die nose radius (Rdf), punch-die clearance (Wf), and blank holder force (BHF), are systematically analyzed. Results show that proper parameters lead to a uniform wall thickness, with deviations reduced to 4.77%. Conversely, improper parameters result in a 12.03% deviation. Improved parameters in the second-step deep drawing yield cylindrical cups that closely match experimental outcomes, free from wrinkling or rim cracking. This research highlights the importance of selecting appropriate parameters to avoid defects.
Studies on tribological behavior of aluminum hybrid composites strengthened with MoS2 and wheat husk ash
Authors: Pugalenthi T , Vijayan S , Venkatesh L , Arulraj M
Published: October 2024

The current study examines the dry sliding wear characteristics of a hybrid aluminum matrix composite reinforced with wheat husk ash (WHA) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), produced through the squeeze casting technique. Experiments were conducted utilizing Taguchi's L27 (3)13 orthogonal array, with input parameters including applied load (20, 30, 40 N), sliding speed (1, 2, 3 m/s), reinforcement percentage (wt. 2.5, 5% and 7.5%), while wear and friction coefficient were observed as measurable responses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results highlighted that the reinforcement percentage had the most significant impact on the wear behavior of the hybrid composite. Notably, the (Al/5WHA/5MoS2) hybrid composite exhibited superior wear resistance (129 µm), accompanied by a 27% increase in hardness compared to the parent metal. Surface morphology analysis of worn-out specimens depicted the presence of fine grooves, delamination, and cracks.
Investigating the combined influence of rolling, ECAP processes, and intermediate annealing on mechanical and microstructural properties of beryllium copper alloy 25
Authors: Kadiyan Sunil , Parshad Hari , Kundu Sombir , Aggarwal Aman , Gupta Pooja
Published: October 2024

A beryllium copper alloy 25 underwent a series of processing steps involving rolling, equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), and subsequent annealing. This study delved into the combined effects of these processes on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the deformed beryllium copper alloy 25. The investigation utilized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, room temperature Vickers hardness testing, and tensile testing. The findings reveal a notable enhancement in the strength of the beryllium copper alloy 25 while preserving its ductility after subjecting it to six ECAP passes followed by annealing at 210 °C for 20 min, applied to the rolled sample. Initially, an increase in number of ECAP passes resulted in a gradual reduction in grain size and a weakening of the alloy's texture. This led to an increase in ultimate tensile strength up to 333.5% without reducing in percentage elongation. Notably, after six ECAP passes, the average grain size decreased from 48 µm to less than 1 µm, yielding exceptional comprehensive mechanical properties with significantly improved strength and plasticity. The resultant material exhibits promising potential for fabrication into bars and plates for a wide range of applications in aerospace and marine industries.
Detectability of residual stress anomalies in railway wheels with different geometries subjected to thermal overload based on back gauge change
Authors: Handa Kazuyuki
Published: October 2024

Temperature increases of railway wheels due to frictional braking on the running surface (wheel tread) can lead to maintenance challenges such as tread wear and thermal cracking. While heating within the anticipated design range should not adversely affect the structural safety of the wheels, excessive temperature rises resulting from brake system failures can induce tensile residual stresses in the rim, potentially leading to wheel fracture. Detecting wheels with abnormal residual stresses is therefore crucial for railway safety, and monitoring residual displacements in the rim due to changes in circumferential residual stresses is an implementable approach. However, the shape of the wheel web varies, and the displacement response to thermal input differs depending on the wheel geometries. This study aims to explore general deformation behaviours related to wheel shape and elucidate the relationship between shape and heat resistance. The elastic-plastic finite element analysis employing simplified intense thermal input revealed that residual deformation after excessive thermal loading consistently results in back gauge expansion, although the deformation and stress responses differ based on the web geometry. Differences in heat resistance are indicated by the variation in the temperature at which compressive yielding due to thermal stress occurs, depending on the web shape. The residual stress detectability of each wheel is determined based on the principle that greater residual displacement at lower stress indicates higher anomaly detectability.
Treatment of discoid lupus with lenalidomide and anifrolumab: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Centner Connor S , Robertson Nicole M , Kang Jun , Sander Inbal B , Timlin Homa
Published: October 2024

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a devastating autoimmune disease with few therapies available. For patients with little to no symptom improvement with initial treatment, the literature surrounding further treatment options and their efficacy remains limited. Here we report a 46-year-old patient with lupus and refractory DLE, who failed numerous medications since her initial diagnosis in 2014. She had a robust response to lenalidomide with further improvement after adding anifrolumab (ANI), in conjunction with the standard of care hydroxychloroquine. Furthermore, she was able to taper off steroids without interval flares. The patient has not experienced any major infections since the initiation of treatment. No previous case reports describing outcomes of lenalidomide and ANI have been reported, yet the combinational approach has potential. Future clinical trials are needed to investigate the safety of the combination of lenalidomide and ANI in lupus patients with refractory DLE.
Analysis of recurrent event data with spatial random effects using a Bayesian approach
Authors: Jin Jin , Sun Liuquan , Ou Huang-Tz , Su Pei-Fang
Published: October 2024

Recurrent event data, which represent the occurrence of repeated incidences, are common in observational studies. Furthermore, collecting possible spatial correlations in health and environmental data is likely to provide more information for risk prediction. This article proposes a comprehensive proportional intensity model considering spatial random effects for recurrent event data using a Bayesian approach. The spatial information for areal data (where the spatial location is known up to a geographic unit such as a county) and georeferenced data (where the location is exactly observed) is examined. A traditional constant baseline intensity function, as well as a flexible piecewise constant baseline intensity function, are both under consideration. To estimate the parameters, a Markov chain Monte Carlo method with the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and the adaptive Metropolis algorithm are applied. To assess the performance of model fitting, the deviance information criterion and log pseudo marginal likelihood are proposed. Overall, simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed model is significantly better than models that do not consider spatial effects if spatial correlations exist. Finally, our approach is implemented using a dataset related to the recurrence of cardiovascular diseases, which incorporates spatial information.
An Examination of the Decision of Microentrepreneurs to Remain in Urban Flood-prone Areas in Marikina City, Metro Manila (NCR), Philippines
Authors: Manegdeg Reynold Ferdinand G. , Regunay Jose M. , Magnaye Dina C.
Published: October 2024

Despite the impact of urban flooding on businesses, the choice of microentrepreneurs continuing to stay in flood hazard areas runs counterintuitive to the principles of profitability and sustainability albeit both are the most vulnerable aspects of the business sectors. Existing literature has provided substantial knowledge on the factors affecting an entrepreneur’s choice of operating location but does not go deeper into why entrepreneurs decide to remain and operate in frequently flooded urban areas. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used in this study to establish an adequate representation of microentrepreneurs in flood-prone areas of Marikina City in Metro Manila, Philippines, using various statistical tools to evaluate decision factors. The research revealed that component factors such as economic considerations, the microentrepreneur’s socio-spatial relations, and experiences and perception of resilience influence the decision to remain in urban flood-prone areas. Moreover, specific sub-factors under each component factor were identified, which can be grouped into ‘pre-existing’ and ‘learned’ categories, introducing a new location decision model attuned to the dynamics that exists between microentrepreneurs and a natural disaster such as urban flooding. The findings of the study may guide policymakers and urban planners in designing targeted intervention measures that translate to more micro enterprise-responsive disaster risk reduction and management plans. Moreover, by treating microenterprises as separate from the traditional occupations, communities might appreciate the crafting of local land use plans which would successfully improve the overall resilience of this sector in urban flood-prone areas.
Black Mothers of Children With and Without ADHD: Relationships Among Maternal Psychopathology, Parenting Stress, and Parenting Cognitions
Authors: Jones Heather A. , Wilson Stephanie A. , Parks Amanda M. , Floyd Alfonso L. , Rabinovitch Annie E. , Miller Chantelle C.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) endorse increased parenting stress and lower levels of parenting efficacy and satisfaction as compared to parents of children without ADHD. Additionally, maternal ADHD and depression differentiate children with and without ADHD, with children with ADHD being more likely to have a mother with psychopathology.

Method:

With a focus on an understudied population, we investigated the extent to which maternal self-reported ADHD and depression were associated with self-reported parenting stress and parenting cognitions in 70 Black mothers of children with (maternal Mage = 35.52, SD = 6.49) and without ADHD (maternal Mage = 35.39, SD = 6.53) recruited from a metropolitan area in the southeastern United States.

Results:

Analyses indicated that Black mothers of children with ADHD reported higher levels of parenting stress, lower levels of parenting efficacy, and lower levels of parenting satisfaction. However, there were no significant differences between groups on measures of maternal ADHD or depression. Maternal depression significantly accounted for variability in both parenting satisfaction and parenting stress beyond child ADHD and maternal education. With maternal depression in the models, the association between maternal ADHD and parenting stress and parenting satisfaction lost significance.

Discussion:

Given the racial disparities in the treatment of ADHD, future research should focus on investigating the linkages between maternal depression, parenting stress, parenting satisfaction, and parenting behaviors in Black mothers in order to delineate whether there are cultural adaptations that may improve treatment utilization rates for child ADHD within this population.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Focus on Families
Authors: Rispoli Mandy J. , Machalicek Wendy
Published: October 2024

Engaging with families to support their children’s social, emotional, and behavioral development is a key feature of positive behavior supports (PBSs). The purpose of this Special Series is to disseminate research on the application of PBSs with families and in home contexts. This issue contains five articles, including single case experimental designs, survey design, mixed-methods, and a literature synthesis. These articles provide a deeper understanding and clear implications for improving research and practice to increase family access, involvement, and benefit from PBSs.
The Effect of Maternal Oxytocin Induction during Birth on Early Neonatal Pain and Stress: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Aksoy Sena D. , Yel Seda Y. , Akyildiz Deniz
Published: October 2024

Objective

Oxytocin induction is a commonly used intervention during childbirth worldwide. This study aimed to compare the pain and stress levels of newborns born to mothers who administered synthetic oxytocin at birth with those who did not.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study included 164 participants and their newborns who were delivered vaginally in a public hospital. The data were collected using an Information Form, a Neonatal Follow-Up Form, and the Assessment of Neonatal Pain and Stress Scale (ALPS-Neo).

Results

In the study, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of the participants’ and newborns’ demographic characteristics ( p > .05). During and after drying, before, during, and after the first injection, and before, during, and after blood glucose measurement, the mean ALPS-Neo scores were higher in the oxytocin induction group, with the difference being statistically significant ( p < .001).

Conclusion

Although the data presented here are observational, the findings indicate that infants born to participants who underwent oxytocin induction exhibit more intense pain and stress responses. The pain-stress scores of newborns born to participants who underwent oxytocin induction were higher than those of newborns whose mothers did not receive oxytocin induction.
Conventional single articulation constrained liners in revision hip arthroplasty: risk factors for failure and their combinations
Authors: Tikhilov Rashid M , Efimov Nikolai N , Shubnyakov Igor I , Goncharov Maksim Y , Stafeev Dmitrii V , Karelkin Vitalii V
Published: October 2024

Background:

Constrained liners (CLs) have been used in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) with varying results. Relatively few studies have identified specific risk factors for failure. This study aimed to assess implant survivorship and complication rates, identify risk factors for constraint-related complications, and assess the effect of multiple factors present in a single case.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 101 rTHAs for various aseptic indications and as second-stage procedures for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) utilising 2 models of conventional single-articulation CLs. We excluded 8 cases in which the liners were removed early due to PJI and assessed the risk factors for constraint-related complications in the remaining 93 cases. The mean follow-up duration for complication-free cases was 6.5 years (range 4.7–10.5 years).

Results:

The incidences of dislocation of a prosthetic head and loosening of the acetabular component were 19.8% and 5.0%, respectively. We also observed 8 cases where the locking ring of the liner was dislodged without dislocation (1 case required re-revision). The presence of factors related to impingement (cup retention, smaller internal diameter CLs, signs of probable impingement from the femoral side) was associated with higher rates of constraint-related complications. The presence of factors related to soft-tissue stabilisers did not increase the rate of complications. The simultaneous presence of multiple impingement-related risk factors resulted in worse outcomes.

Conclusions:

CLs may be less effective for treating or preventing instability related to impingement. CLs should be used with caution or avoided when multiple impingement-related risk factors are present.
Comparative study between the halfway technique and the standard technique for exchange of tunneled hemodialysis catheter
Authors: Kamhawy Adel , Nagy AbdelRahman A , Sallam Emad M
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

When indicated, tunneled hemodialysis catheters are usually inserted using the standard technique but, this technique has its complications. The halfway method is performed by exchange of an already-inserted dialysis catheter (tunneled or non-tunneled) to a tunneled one over a guidewire mounted via the old catheter. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the feasibility, safety, and durability of halfway method in comparison to the standard technique (de novo puncture).

Patients and methods:

This prospective study was conducted during the period from May 2020 till May 2022 and included 87 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis (HD) in need for insertion new tunneled dialysis catheters instead of temporary or malfunctioning tunneled ones. According to the technique of catheter insertion, these patients were divided into two groups: group A (the halfway technique: catheters were exchanged over guidewires under fluoroscopic control; 48 patients) and group B (the standard technique: via de novo ultrasound-guided vein puncture; 39 patients). Instant, delayed complications and 12-months patency rates were reported and analyzed.

Results:

The frequency of peri-operative bleeding complications was better in the halfway group with comparable infection rate and late catheter dysfunction results between the two groups. One year patency rates were 87.5% in halfway technique group compared to 79.5% in standard technique group, yet without statistical significance. However, there was a statistically significant shorter operative time in halfway group (15.54 ± 2.6 min vs 26.97 ± 5.6 min, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The halfway technique may be recommended over the standard technique of tunneled catheter insertion due to shorter operative time, lower rate of hematoma formation, with non-inferior 1-year patency rates and comparable technical success and infection rates. The advantage of access sites preservation for future demand makes this technique of great value to this group of ESRD patients.
The effect of classroom acoustics and noise on preschool children’s listening, learning, and wellbeing: A scoping review
Authors: Mealings Kiri , Buchholz Joerg M
Published: October 2024

Preschool is an important time for children to grow in their experiences, abilities, and knowledge before entering formal school. Therefore, it is vital that the classroom acoustic environment supports children’s listening, learning, and wellbeing. The aim of this scoping review was to determine what is known from the literature about the effect of classroom acoustics and noise on preschool children’s listening, learning, and wellbeing, and what the knowledge gaps are. The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Seven papers met the criteria to be included in the review. The findings suggest that poor classroom acoustic conditions and particularly high noise levels, can have a negative effect on preschool school children’s listening and wellbeing, but may not affect word learning at the SNRs investigated. Nevertheless, it would be beneficial to install acoustic solutions and manage noise in preschool classrooms to enhance children’s listening, learning, and wellbeing. Future research avenues are discussed.
Reporting heterogeneity in the associations between personality and health problems: Anchoring self-reports with health vignettes
Authors: Jokela Markus
Published: October 2024

Associations between personality and self-reported health problems may be biased by reporting heterogeneity, that is, tendency to rate the severity of the same health problem differently. This study used hypothetical health vignettes to examine the magnitude of such heterogeneity. Participants were from Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n = 3950; mean age 65 years, range from 30 to 97) and Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; n = 8664; mean age 64 years, range from 34 to 87). Personality traits of the Five Factor Model (extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) were only weakly associated with vignette ratings ( rs < 0.10). Associations between personality and self-reported health problems were not substantially changed when the thresholds of self-reported severity were allowed to vary by personality, based on the participants’ ratings of the vignettes. Reporting heterogeneity does not appear to be a major source of bias in the associations between personality traits and self-reported health problems.
Anokha emerging: The Asian Underground, new ethnicities, and diversity conservatism
Authors: Jazeel Tariq
Published: October 2024

This article tracks the relationship between Britain’s ‘Asian Underground’ music scene and reconfigurations of Britishness in the mid- to late-1990s, through to the more contemporary tightening of border regimes and draconian policies around immigration in the United Kingdom. It examines the role that a small, British-Asian weekly London club night, Anokha, played in the precipitation of an ‘emergent structure of feeling’ that would ultimately shift national conversations about what Britishness signified at the turn of the last millennium. The article places British-Asian club and music aesthetics in a broader terrain of avant-garde cultural production and representational politics that helped to incorporate Britain’s second generation of South Asians inside the national narrative and polity. The article goes on to speculate on the role this proliferation has played in facilitating forms of political closure with respect to migration, race and bordering that have emerged from a generation of conservative British South Asian (and second-generation immigrant) politicians enabled by these forms of incorporation.
Ethnography in Revision: Black Ethnography and Notes From Kiese Laymon
Authors: Miles Corey J.
Published: October 2024

Ethnography has been used to reinscribe boundaries of power within academic disciplines. This essay uses Kiese Laymon’s conception of revision to wreck the genre to move sociology beyond the circular process of documenting disparities and offering quick solutions, toward understanding ethnography as a process of frustrating knowledge. It offers two points of entry for revision into the ethnographic process. (a) The shift to reflexivity within ethnography should not stop at naming our positionality, commitments, and relations. Rather revision demands an interrogation of the type of person we are and to reckon with the type of person that our ethnographic witnessing requires us to grow toward. (b) Revision moves us to reexamine the underlying logics of how we make sense of the world, particularly the ways we have been disciplined into thinking and to demand more from our ethnographic desires than our field of study has made possible.
Semiology-Based Sub-Lobar Localization in Pediatric Frontal Lobe Epilepsy in a Seven-Year-Old?
Authors: Joshi Charuta
Published: October 2024

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The RNS Crystal Ball Sees Seizure Improvement in Your Future With This Medication
Authors: Sarkis Rani A.
Published: October 2024

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Leading for Equity and Inclusion at the Intersections of Disability and Race: A Call to Action Through Interdisciplinary Engagement
Authors: Voulgarides Catherine Kramarczuk , DeMatthews David
Published: October 2024

In this special issue, we asked contributing authors to identify complex and intersectional equity concerns in special education and to tie those concerns to leadership and to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Our goal was to create teaching cases that could empower aspiring and current leaders with the knowledge and skills necessary to support and promote social change and justice for students with disabilities at their intersections. Each case situates the enactment of the IDEA within a local context, allowing readers to understand how the interaction between leadership, IDEA, and intersectional equity concerns relate. Throughout the special issue, we encourage readers to move beyond compliance with IDEA, to engage with intersectional and expansive equity approaches, and to address both ableism and racism.
Beyond the Demographics of the Special Education Workforce: Developing Intersectional Competence to Sustain Teachers of Color
Authors: Hernández Flores Martha Lorena , Boveda Mildred
Published: October 2024

This case demonstrates how school administrators’ development of intersectional competence can disrupt racial inequity in special education. Intersectional competence refers to educators’ preparedness to recognize how schooling is implicated in multiple, intersecting systems of oppression, collaborate with relevant stakeholders who themselves navigate multiple social marginalizations, and consider sociocultural differences while making instructional decisions. Examining how federal legislation approaches racial disparities in special education and its emphasis on personnel preparation for students with disabilities, the authors argue that recruiting, preparing, and sustaining racialized teachers is more complex than simply focusing on their racialized identities.
Considering the 24-Hour Activity Cycle in Older Adults
Authors: Kirschmann Jessica M. , Cepni Aliye , Johnston Craig A.
Published: October 2024

Older adults are often advised to engage in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Although MVPA offers significant health benefits, focusing solely on MVPA may be difficult for many in this population due to their typically higher levels of sedentary behavior (SB). Increasing light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) can offer similar health benefits and be a more achievable starting point for inactive older adults. The 24-hour activity cycle provides a conceptual model that can assist healthcare providers in promoting physical activity. This model emphasizes the interaction between four key behaviors (i.e., sleep, sedentary behavior, LIPA, and MVPA) and presents a holistic approach to optimizing the balance of these activity behaviors. This article outlines strategies to help older adults increase their physical activity and reduce sedentary time within the 24-hour activity cycle, promoting sustainable, long-term behavior change in this population.
Preparation and characterisation of IPMC brakes modified with composite electrodes performance
Authors: Zhao Jintao , Wang Shuai , Zhang Zhenjie , Yang Dongyu , Shao Junpeng
Published: October 2024

Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) can be used as flexible actuators and sensors in the fields of bionic machinery and medical devices. However, IPMC still suffer from poor actuation performance and high cost of electrode preparation in practical applications. Optimisation of electrodes and use of novel assembly processes are expected to solve these problems. In this paper, low-dimensional nanocarbon materials were used to modify the Nafion membrane. Appropriate amounts of carbon nanotubes and carbon black were weighed and dispersed in chitosan and acetic acid to form a stable electrolyte. A new IPMC was prepared by bonding carbon nanotube and carbon black films on the Nafion membrane using the hot pressing method. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the hybrid films composed of carbon nanotubes and carbon black were successfully hot pressed onto the surface of the Nafion membrane and the hybrid electrode layer composed of carbon nanotubes and carbon black was more homogeneous and densely packed. The results of driving performance tests show that the hybrid electrode-modified IPMC has excellent driving performance, with a maximum output displacement of 9.2 mm and a maximum output force of 9.9 mN at a voltage of 5.0 V. These results are 1.07 and 1.14 times higher than those of the carbon nanotube IPMC and 1.74 and 1.70 times higher than those of the carbon black IPMC under the same conditions, respectively.
Radiofrequency ablation of renal sympathetic nerve: Numerical simulation and ex vivo experiments
Authors: Dong Tong , Nan Qun , Tian Zhen , Cheng Yanyan
Published: October 2024

Renal sympathetic denervation is regarded as a new effective method in the treatment of resistant hypertension, but in the therapeutic temperature and complications, it has some controversy. The aim of this study was to calculate the multi-physical field for radiofrequency ablation and verify its feasibility and effectiveness with ex vivo experiments. The temperature distribution and flow field in the renal artery were analyzed by finite element method and verified by ex vivo experiments with an equivalent model. After ablating in simulation, the center temperature of the renal artery reached the therapeutic target which is 43°C (about 48°C). When increasing the time or changing the velocity, variations in the temperature ranged within 2°C. In the ex vivo experiments, the highest temperature under different conditions increased from 4.12°C to 9.61°C. Within the range of the normal velocity, that is, 8 W power output, the therapeutic purpose (Δ T ≥ 6°C) was achieved and effect on the blood and peripheral tissues was less. The temperature field has influences on the choices of treatment parameters with different degrees. The energy output is the most influential factor, while ablation time and flow velocity have less effects on the temperature field. This study preliminarily verified the safety and effectiveness of the renal sympathetic denervation.
Analyze the characteristics of electro-hydraulic servo system’s position-pressure master-slave control
Authors: Han Heyong , Liu Yuan , Ma Lifeng , Liu Zhiqi , Quan Long
Published: October 2024

For electro-hydraulic system of large flow and overloading, established position and pressure closed-loop control in accordance with the conventional hydraulic servo system theory that system control algorithm is complicated and difficult to implement. This article presents a method which gives priority to position closed-loop control and establishes the corresponding relation between pressure of hydraulic cylinder and load by collecting the pressure signal from rear cavity and rod cavity of hydraulic cylinder; meanwhile, applied position-pressure conversion formula will turn dynamic pressure signal into position signal and compensate the transformed position signal to the master position closed loop of the electro-hydraulic servo system which could achieve the position-pressure master-slave control. The simulation results show that the control method is correct, effective, and feasible. The results indicate that the method can achieve online converting between position and pressure which are different variables and improve the response speed and control precision of the system.
‘Hidden’ work and lost opportunities: nursing research and impact case studies submitted to REF2021
Authors: Kent Bridie , Ali Parveen , Farquharson Barbara , Harris Ruth , Johnston Bridget , Kelly Daniel , Mckenna Hugh , McMahon Ann , Taylor Rachel M , Traynor Michael
Published: October 2024

Aim(s):

(1) Identify and characterise the nursing contribution to impact case studies submitted to Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021 across all Units of Assessment and compare this to those submitted to REF 2014; (2) Identify and characterise those impact case studies of relevance to nursing that did not include a nurse in the research team; (3) Compare the characteristics of impact case studies identified in Aim 2 with those that did include a nurse in the research team.

Design:

Desk-based analysis of REF2021 published data.

Methods:

We searched the REF2021 impact database with the term nurs* then sorted case studies into categories representing the involvement of nurses on the research team. We developed variables with which to examine the impact case studies (ICSs) and make comparisons.

Results:

One-fifth of ICSs involving a nurse researcher do not contribute to a visible body of ‘nursing research’ and is ‘hidden’ in other disciplines; research teams persistently fail to involve nurse researchers when researching topics of clear relevance to nurses and nursing.

Conclusion:

Our findings provide insight into two topics of importance for nursing research: reputation, and failure to benefit from transdisciplinarity.

Impact:

Benefit to nurse researchers from involvement in transdisciplinary research is still limited; some nursing research remains hidden.
#WhyIDidntReport: Exploring victim accounts of non-reporting
Authors: Fohring Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Following the controversy surrounding the 2018 appointment of Brett Kavanaugh to the United States Supreme Court, hundreds of thousands of victim/survivors of sexual violence took to social media to share their reasons for not reporting their experiences to the police. A sample of these tweets was collected and thematically analysed to identify the main reasons cited for the decision to not report. Results suggest that the decision to report is complex and influenced by multiple factors both within and beyond the criminal justice system including a vulnerable victim, varied types of fear, shame and blame. These findings are discussed in light of the existing literature on rape myths and the ideal victim.
Playful, coded, and emotional language: Discursive strategies of online criticism on Chinese social media
Authors: Lei Qinyuan , Tang Ran
Published: October 2024

Language has always been essential in collective actions. Because offline collective actions are highly controlled in China, Chinese people often resort to online criticism, which heavily relies on the creative use of language to circumvent the government’s control of public communication. This study collects and analyzes the data of the #JiangshanjiaoandHongqiman# public discourse on Weibo to investigate the discursive characteristics of Chinese people’s online expressions. In February 2020, a mass organization of the government launched two official virtual idols on Weibo, one of the most widely used social media platforms in China. Amidst widespread discontent with the management of the pandemic, this intervention in fandom culture triggered a backlash among the Chinese Internet users. This study shows that the Chinese netizens expressed criticism through coded, playful, and emotional language. This article contributes to the literature on discursive strategies of online public discourse in China.
Discriminatory discourses against Morocco and Moroccan immigrants in the Spanish context. A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of ‘Jovenlandia/jovenlandés’ (Youthland/Youthlandian) on X
Authors: Garnes-Tarazona Inmaculada
Published: October 2024

Media discourse has provided a breeding ground for the advent of new patterns of discrimination with the power of influencing the public narrative. This goal of this study is to analyze how the recently-created terms ‘Jovenlandia’ (Youthland) and ‘jovenlandés’ (Youthlandian) are employed mockingly on X in response to the use of generic ‘joven’ (youth, youngster) in news articles. With the use of these terms, X users imply a supposed cancel culture in mass media that withholds data of Muslim immigrant criminals. The theoretical approach adopted combines corpus tools with Critical Discourse Analysis to examine 3856 posts on X during the 2023 Spanish general election campaign (from May 29th to July 23rd 2023). The analysis is based on Wodak’s discourse-historical approach and examines referential and predication strategies to unveil the linguistic expressions to represent immigrants. The results show that the words serve to construct a racist discursive representation of Moroccan migrant identities on the platform X in Spain. Immigrants are portrayed as violent, criminals, and rapists, whereas Morocco is depicted as a land of criminals with homophobic and sexist traditions. The discursive strategies against migrants were commonly grounded in the Muslims’ perceived failure to assimilate into the Spanish culture. In this sense, pork meat is used as a symbolic cultural criterion for evaluating authentic Spanish adherence. Spaniards are self-portrayed as victims of the left-wing government decisions and X users appeal to the extreme-right wing party Vox to solve the problem.
Famine and ‘hongersnood’ as transnational memory: Literary legacies of the 1840s food crises in Ireland and the Netherlands
Authors: Corporaal Marguérite , Jensen Lotte
Published: October 2024

The potato blight in Ireland (1845–1849) and the dire effects of the Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands (1845–1847) have been investigated primarily through a socioeconomical lens. The cultural practices that have shaped and transmitted the memories of these famine pasts, however, require further examination, especially in connection to the Dutch potato hunger. This article investigates the cultural legacies of these two concurrent famines as both transgenerational and transnational forms of famine memory. Focusing on literary texts, and in particular children’s and young adult novels, as carriers of famine recollections, this study demonstrates recurrent narrative scripts which go back to earliest cultural representations of these hunger crises. While tropes, plotlines and characterisations are thus a form of transgenerational prosthetic memory, the cultural repertoires used to convey famine memory also appear to be transnational, in that Dutch and Irish famine literatures are structured around similar narrative templates.