bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetika reaksi hidroksilasi epoksi minyak jarak pagar menggunakan katalis bentonit
Authors: Nugrahani Ratni Ariatmi , Firdaus Flora Elvistia , Widyawati Yeti , Firginia Hana , Purnama Riris
Published: March 2020

Hydroxylation kinetics of jatropha oil epoxy using bentonite catalyst. Based on chemical properties such as fatty acid compositions and iodium value, jatropha curcas oil can potentially be applied as lubricant. Unsaturation of this oil decreases its  oxidative stability. Improvement of this property may be done by chemical modification involving epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with bentonite catalyst, forming polyol by hydroxylation. The purpose of this research is to characterize the products and kinetics of the oxirane ring opening reaction. The results of chemical analysis by titration for residual oxiranes and hydroxyl formed in the reaction system, was showed using ir spectroscopy. Their effects were to reduce epoxy groups at 824-842 cm−1 and appearance of hydroxyl groups at the oh characteristic absorption peak from 3450-3800 cm−1. The oxirane number of epoxidized jatropha oil was reduced from 4.7% to 0.05% by ring opening. The kinetics of the oxirane ring opening of epoxidized jatropha curcas oil by methanol with bentonite was studied at 50, 60, and 65 oc. The oxirane ring opening analyzed by the pseudo-homogeneous approach followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. From the temperature dependence of the  rate, reaction enthalpy (δh) and activation energy (δea) were found to be 8,27 kcal mol−1 and 7,63 kcal mol−1, respectively.Keywords: epoxidized jatropha curcas, hydroxyl, oxirane, bentonite, kinetic AbstrakBerdasarkan sifat-sifat komposisi asam lemak dan bilangan iodium, minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) berpotensi menjadi bahan dasar pelumas. Meskipun demikian, kandungan ikatan tidak jenuh minyak ini menurunkan kestabilan oksidasinya. Kestabilan oksidasi ini dapat diperbaiki melalui modifikasi kimiawi dengan reaksi epoksidasi yang menghilangkan ikatan rangkap.  Ini dilakukan melalui reaksi hidroksilasi dengan membuka ikatan gugus oksirana epoksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi produk, serta mempelajari kinetika reaksi pembukaan cincin oksirana oleh metanol dengan katalis bentonit untuk membentuk poliol. Hasil analisis FTIR produk reaksi menunjukkan penurunan intensitas gugus epoksi pada bilangan gelombang 824-842 cm−1 dan munculnya gugus hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 3450-3800 cm−1. Bilangan oksirana epoksi jarak pagar berkurang dari 4,7% menjadi 0,05% setelah pembukaan cincin. Bilangan hidroksil poliol adalah sebesar 165,77. Pengukuran kinetika pembukaan cincin pada gugus oksirana dari epoksi jarak pagar dilakukan pada 50, 60, dan 65oC. Analisis data laju reaksi yang dianalisis dengan pendekatan sistem pseudohomogen menunjukkan bahwa reaksi mengikut kinetika orde-1 semu. Dari perubahan laju reaksi terhadap temperatur diperoleh nilai entalpi reaksi dan energi aktivasi sebesar masing-masing 8,27 kkal mol-1 dan 7,63 kkal mol-1.Kata kunci: epoksi jarak pagar, hidroksil, oksirana, bentonit, kinetika
Den digitale hverdagen i et finsk klasserom etter læreplanreformen i 2014
Authors: Grüters Ruth
Published: March 2020

Artikkelen presenterer funn fra en kasusstudie som ser på hvordan lærerne på en finsk barneskole praktisk realiserte den nye IKT-strategien i den finske læreplanen fra 2014. De sentralt gitte målene for strategien er felles for hele landet, men lokale handlingsplaner kan variere mellom kommunene. Utført i et finsktalende klasserom i Helsinki i løpet av et 3-måneders forskningsopphold høsten 2017, viser studien at den sentralt gitte IKT-strategien ble iverksatt i et pedagogisk og teknologisk miljø som var mangelfullt forberedt på de sentralt gitte kravene. Studien indikerer videre at læringen i den gitte situasjonen til syvende og sist ikke skjedde gjennom tilgangen på datamaskiner, men at den snarere var en funksjon av lærerens erfaring, ferdigheter og evne til å velge en didaktikk som er uavhengig av mulige begrensninger satt av teknologien

Nøkkelord: digital didaktikk, Finsk læreplan 2014, IKT-strategi, grunnskole

English title: The digital everyday life in a Finnish classroom after the new core curriculum reform in 2014

AbstractThis study focuses on how teachers at a Finnish primary school handled the implementation of the new ICT-strategy in Finland’s core curriculum for basic education (2014). The core curriculum provides the common ground for the municipalities varying local curricula. Undertaken in a Finnish-language primary school class in Helsinki during a three-month internship in the fall 2017, the study indicates that the central ICT-strategy is realized and completed in a technological and pedagogical environment that was not sufficiently prepared for the reform. Moreover, the study shows, learning outcome is in the final account often less a function of available computers than of the teacher’s experience, improvational skills and ability to select a didactic approach independently of possible limitations imposed by new digital learning tools.

Keywords: pedagogical practices with ICT, Finnish core curriculum 2014, ICT-strategy, primary school
Book Review: Strategic Management in the Media, by Lucy Küng
Authors: Maijanen Päivi
Published: March 2020

Lucy Küng’s second edition of Strategic Management in the Media (London: SAGE, 2016) highlights with rich analyses and real-life case examples of contemporary developments and strategic challenges in the complex digital media environment.
The Energy as a Determinant Factor in the Ethiopathogeny of Chromosomal Abnormalities. The Unsuspected Bioenergetic Role of Melanin
Authors: Solis Herrera Arturo
Published: March 2020

In the study of chromosomal abnormalities, in genetics, and in medicine in general, attention is rarely paid to the role of energy in the healthy subject and in the sick patient. The research on the chromosomal anomalies that are constantly published, does not mention the energy necessary for the biochemical processes involved in the function, replication and formation of genes, to be carried out in an adequate way. It seems that it is assumed that energy levels are always fine or at least did not have a significant role in the conditions associated with what we call chromosomal anomalies. A characteristic of the cell nucleus that has gone unnoticed is that it contains neither mitochondria nor ATP, much less glucose. Perhaps because of this, some researchers and clinicians come to think that the nucleus of cells does not require energy. The purpose of this work is to draw attention to the importance of energy levels in all the metabolic processes of the cell; and to make known that glucose is not an energy source, as it is only a source of carbon chains; and finally remark that our body, through melanin, can take energy directly from light.
Traumatické komedie: Politika paměti v českém filmu
Authors: Hladík Radim
Published: March 2020

Článek se zabývá českou post-socialistickou kulturou a transponuje rozdíly mezi kulturou tranzice a intelektuální kulturní formací na rovinu kolektivní paměti. Zatímco kultura tranzice je spojovaná spíše se zapomínáním, intelektuální kulturní formace představuje nositele traumatické formy paměti. Tento proces konstrukce kulturního traumatu je sledován na příkladu národní kinematografie, v níž intelektuálové figurují jako tvůrci. Čtyři úspěšné hořké komedie o normalizaci natočené po roce 1989 jsou podrobeny analýze pomocí sémiotické redukce. Klíčové politické termíny jsou mapovány v sémiotickém čtverci a navzdory danému žánru poukazují na komplexní reprezentaci státně-socialistické minulosti. Pro konstrukci traumatu je klíčové odmítnutí utopického překonání binární opozice mezi komunismem a antikomunismem. Zdůrazněny jsou póly bezmoci a odpovědnosti k rodině, jež odkazují na problém morální volby. Tento způsob připomínání minulosti může paradoxně kultuře tranzice prospívat tím, že ve veřejné sféře nabízí alternativu oficiální politice paměti.
Analyzing the Impact of Simulated Multispectral Images on Water Classification Accuracy by Means of Spectral Characteristics
Authors: Głowienka Ewa , Michałowska Krystyna
Published: March 2020

Remote sensing is widely applied in examining the parameters of the state and quality of water. Spectral characteristics of water are strictly connected with the dispersion of electromagnetic radiation by suspended matter and the absorption of radiation by water and chlorophyll a and b.Multispectral sensor ALI has bands within the ranges of electromagnetic radiation: blue and infrared, absent in sensors such as Landsat, SPOT, or Aster. The main goal of the article was to examine the influence of the presence of these bands on water classification accuracy carried out for simulated images ALI, Landsat, Spot, and Aster. The simulation of images was based on the hyperspectral image from a Hyperion sensor. Due to the spectral properties of water, all the operations on the images were carried out for the set of bands in visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectral range. In the framework of these studies, the impact of removing individual bands or sets of bands on the classification results was tested. Tests were carried out for the area of the water body of the Dobczyce Reservoir. It was observed that the lack of a spectral response in the infrared range of ALI image can reduce the accuracy of a classification by as much as 60%. On the other hand, the lack of blue and red bands in the dataset for the classification decreased the accuracy of water classification by 15% and 10%, respectively.
Application of GIS Tools to Describe the Location of New Registered Parcels
Authors: Basista Izabela
Published: March 2020

The article presents the possibility of using GIS (Geographic Information Sys- tem) in the scope of the elaboration of calls for participants in land consolida- tion (LC). It shows the tools and the way they are used, as well as the possibility of automating this process.In the process of land consolidation and exchange, when the LC project is developed, calls for LC participants are prepared. Usually these documents are done manually by referring to the nearest plots of state before LC. The infor- mation given in the notification is, among others, the distance and direction in which the new plot is located away from the nearest plot of the old state.Using the GIS system, a tool has been developed that automatically shows information about the designation, direction and distance of parcel nearest to the input parcels and indicates selected nearest parcels on the map. The results were checked, and the tools used were assessed for their suitability for this type of task.In conclusion, specifying the distance and direction alone, especially at large distances, may be not accurate enough. However, the ability to automatically indicate the nearest plots before LC in relation to the newly designed plot is extremely valuable and significantly accelerates LC work.
Determining hypertensive patients’ beliefs towards medication and associations with medication adherence using machine learning methods
Authors: Aziz Firdaus , Malek Sorayya , Mhd Ali Adliah , Wong Mee Sieng , Mosleh Mogeeb , Milow Pozi
Published: March 2020

Background

This study assesses the feasibility of using machine learning methods such as Random Forests (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Self-Organizing Feature Maps (SOM) to identify and determine factors associated with hypertensive patients’ adherence levels. Hypertension is the medical term for systolic and diastolic blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg. A conventional medication adherence scale was used to identify patients’ adherence to their prescribed medication. Using machine learning applications to predict precise numeric adherence scores in hypertensive patients has not yet been reported in the literature.

Methods

Data from 160 hypertensive patients from a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were used in this study. Variables were ranked based on their significance to adherence levels using the RF variable importance method. The backward elimination method was then performed using RF to obtain the variables significantly associated with the patients’ adherence levels. RF, SVR and ANN models were developed to predict adherence using the identified significant variables. Visualizations of the relationships between hypertensive patients’ adherence levels and variables were generated using SOM.

Result

Machine learning models constructed using the selected variables reported RMSE values of 1.42 for ANN, 1.53 for RF, and 1.55 for SVR. The accuracy of the dichotomised scores, calculated based on a percentage of correctly identified adherence values, was used as an additional model performance measure, resulting in accuracies of 65% (ANN), 78% (RF) and 79% (SVR), respectively. The Wilcoxon signed ranked test reported that there was no significant difference between the predictions of the machine learning models and the actual scores. The significant variables identified from the RF variable importance method were educational level, marital status, General Overuse, monthly income, and Specific Concern.

Conclusion

This study suggests an effective alternative to conventional methods in identifying the key variables to understand hypertensive patients’ adherence levels. This can be used as a tool to educate patients on the importance of medication in managing hypertension.
«ГЕЙСЛИ» И СКАЛЬДИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЭЗИЯ XII ВЕКА, "Средние века"
Authors: Голованенко Денис Андреевич
Published: March 2020

В настоящей статье предлагается перевод драпы Эйнара Скуласона «Geisli» («Луч») - одного из наиболее выдающихся памятников скальдической поэзии и важной вехи ее развития в XII в. Поэма была сложена, вероятнее всего, в 1153 г. по заказу одного из норвежских конунгов, Эйстейна Харальдссона, в честь основания архиепископства в Нидаросе, а также - в честь Олава Святого, небесного покровителя диоцеза и всей Норвегии. В «Гейсли» Эйнар демонстрирует не только уверенное владение скальдической и мифологической традициями, но и знакомство с современной ему богословской мыслью: будучи формально хвалебной дротткветтной драпой правителю, «Гейсли» вместе с тем предоставляет доказательства его святости и обосновывает его роль заступника для всех норвежцев. Пример «новой поэзии», торжественно продемонстрированный Эйнаром в 1153 г., будет подхвачен и развит сперва дидактическими и интроспективными драпами-проповедями XII в. («Harmsol», «Placftusdrapa», «LeiQamsan»), а затем - многочисленными поэмами о святых XIII-XIV вв. Перевод снабжен вступительной статьей и комментарием.
ПИСЬМО Е.А. КОСМИНСКОГО СИ. АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОМУ О ПОЕЗДКЕ НА X МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ИСТОРИКОВ В РИМ, "Средние века"
Authors: Селиванова Ольга Владимировна , Кузнецов Андрей Александрович
Published: March 2020

Публикуется письмо историка, специалиста по истории Средних веков Е.А. Косминского, адресованное коллеге С.И. Архангельскому. Содержание письма касается описания поездки на конгресс историков в Рим в 1955 г. Письмо является источником по истории советской исторической науки, биографиям Е.А. Косминского и С.И. Архангельского. В связи с этим аспектом представлены основные направления научной деятельности и достижения двух историков. Обосновывается дата начала профессиональных отношений Е.А. Косминского и С.И. Архангельского - 1926 г. Затронуты отношения Е.А. Косминского и С.И. Архангельского в период 1920-х - 1950-х годов. В статье рассматриваются обсуждение вопроса о направлении советской делегации на конгресс и перипетии формирования делегации. Перечислены участники советской делегации. Реконструируются бюрократические обстоятельства исключения С.И. Архангельского из состава делегации. В статье использованы личные документы историков Е.А. Косминского, С.И. Архангельского, И.Н. Бороздина, материалы Отделения исторических наук АН СССР. Эти исторические источники хранятся в Архиве Российской академии наук и Центральном архиве Нижегородской области.
ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА ИТАЛИИ В СРЕДНИЕ ВЕКА: ОБЗОР НОВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПО ТЕМЕ, "Средние века"
Authors: Савина Анастасия Николаевна
Published: March 2020

Статья представляет собой исследование зарубежной историографии последних двух десятилетий. Автор анализирует работы американских и итальянских историков, в которых правовая история становится отправной точкой для исследования неправовых областей: социальной, культурной, институциональной и других.
СТАРОСТИН Д.Н. ОТ ПОЗДНЕЙ АНТИЧНОСТИ К РАННЕМУ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЮ: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУР ВЛАСТИ И ЕЕ ОБРАЗОВ В КОРОЛЕВСТВЕ ФРАНКОВ В ПЕРИОД ПРАВЛЕНИЯ МЕРОВИНГОВ (V-VIII вв.). М., СПб.: НЕСТОР-ИСТОРИЯ, 2017. 488 с, "Средние века"
Authors: Федонников Никита Александрович
Published: March 2020

Данная рецензия посвящена монографии «От поздней Античности к раннему Средневековью: Формирование структур власти и ее образов в королевстве франков в период правления Меровингов (V-VIII вв.)», написанной Дмитрием Николаевичем Старостиным и изданной в 2017 г. Монография посвящена развитию властных отношений во франкских королевствах и затрагивает очень важную в медиевистике проблему перехода от Античности к Средневековью.
ЛУЧИЦКАЯ СИ. КРЕСТОВЫЙ ПОХОД: ИДЕЯ И РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ. СПб.: НАУКА, 2019. 389 с. (Библиотека всемирной истории), "Средние века"
Authors: Харитонович Дмитрий Эдуардович
Published: March 2020

Текст представляет собой рецензию на новую книгу С.И. Лучицкой, посвященную общей проблематике истории крестовых походов. Этот труд, по мнению рецензента, предлагает новый взгляд на один из самых традиционных сюжетов средневековой истории.
Chalcogenides: Solid‐State Chemistry
Authors: Rajeshwar Krishnan , Macaluso Robin
Published: March 2020

Binary, ternary, and quaternary metal chalcogenides are considered in this article. The compound stoichiometries in each family are first analyzed with the aid of compositional diagrams. Then, the various synthetic approaches are reviewed followed by a discussion of the structural attributes. The advances with computational study of electronic band structures are next reviewed followed by a discussion of the optical and optoelectronic properties. Mixed compounds, doping, and solid solutions are next discussed followed with a summary and perspectives for future study. While metal chalcogenides are important from a wide array of practical applications (energy conversion/storage, microelectronics, lubrication, etc.), the approach adopted in this review article focuses on material properties that enable these applications.
Are Health Care Professionals’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Conventional Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Associated With Those of Their Patients?
Authors: van Heuckelum Milou , Hebing Renske C. F. , Vandeberg Lisa , Linn Annemiek J. , Flendrie Marcel , Nurmohamed Mike T. , van Dulmen Sandra , van den Ende Cornelia H. M. , van den Bemt Bart J. F.
Published: March 2020

Objective

It is generally unknown how the attitudes and beliefs of health care professionals (HCPs) might affect the attitudes, beliefs, and medication‐taking behavior of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aims 1) to examine the attitudes, health‐related associations (both implicit and explicit), and beliefs of HCPs about conventional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 2) to assess whether these attitudes, health‐related associations, and beliefs of HCPs are associated with those of their patients, with their patients’ medication‐taking behavior, and disease activity.

Methods

HCPs were recruited from 2 centers that specialized in rheumatology across The Netherlands, and patient recruitment followed. In this observational study, implicit outcomes were measured with single‐category implicit association tests, whereas explicit outcomes were measured with a bipolar evaluative adjective scale and the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire–Specific. Spearman’s rank correlations were used to describe correlations between implicit and explicit measures of the attitudes of HCPs. Multilevel, mixed‐effects linear models were used to examine the association of HCP‐related characteristics, including the implicit and explicit outcomes of HCPs, with those of their patients, their medication‐taking behaviors, and disease activity.

Results

Of the 1,659 initially invited patients, 254 patients with RA (mean age 62.8 years, mean disease duration 11.8 years, and 68.1% of the patients were female) who were treated by 26 different HCPs agreed to participate in this study. The characteristics, attitudes, health‐related associations, and beliefs about medicines of HCPs were not significantly associated with those of their patients, nor with their medication‐taking behaviors or disease activity scores.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the attitudes, health‐related associations (as measured both implicitly and explicitly), and beliefs of HCPs were not significantly associated with the attitudes, beliefs, medication‐taking behavior, and disease activity of patients with RA.
Self‐Heating in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Ràfols‐Ribé Joan , Robinson Nathaniel D. , Larsen Christian , Tang Shi , Top Michiel , Sandström Andreas , Edman Ludvig
Published: March 2020

Electroluminescent devices become warm during operation, and their performance can, therefore, be severely limited at high drive current density. Herein, the effects of this self‐heating on the operation of a light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) are systematically studied. A drive current density of 50 mA cm−2 can result in a local device temperature for a free‐standing LEC that exceeds 50 °C within a short period of operation, which in turn induces premature device degradation as manifested in the rapidly decreasing luminance and increasing voltage. Furthermore, this undesired self‐heating for a free‐standing thin‐film LEC can be suppressed by the employment of a device architecture featuring high thermal conductance and a small emission‐area fill factor, since the corresponding improved heat conduction to the nonemissive regions facilitates more efficient heat transfer to the ambient surroundings. In addition, the reported differences in performance between small‐area and large‐area LECs as well as between flexible‐plastic and rigid‐glass LECs are rationalized, culminating in insights that can be useful for the rational design of LEC devices with suppressed self‐heating and high performance.
Thin‐Layered Photocatalysts
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Huang Hongwei , Zhao Qin , Ma Tianyi , Wang Lianzhou
Published: March 2020

Semiconductor photocatalysis, a green and sustainable technology, is of great significance for solving environmental pollution and energy shortages. However, the common problems of inefficient light harvesting, rapid recombination of electron–hole pairs, and low surface reactive reaction sites for photocatalysts urgently need to be solved. In this regard, thin‐layered photocatalysts are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for addressing these issues, due to their unique surface and electronic properties. In this review, the various strategies for constructing thin‐layered photocatalysts are summarized, and emphasis is given to approaches for optimizing the photocatalytic performance of the thin‐layered materials, which can be classified into surface engineering and junction construction. In addition, the photocatalytic applications of thin‐layered materials, i.e., water splitting, CO2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, and molecule oxygen activation, are summarized. Finally, based on current achievements in thin‐layered photocatalysts, their future development and challenges are discussed.
A Periodic “Self‐Correction” Scheme for Synchronizing Lithium Plating/Stripping at Ultrahigh Cycling Capacity
Authors: Zou Peichao , Chiang Sum‐Wai , Zhan Houchao , Sui Yiming , Liu Kangwei , Hu Shengyu , Su Songyang , Li Jing , Kang Feiyu , Yang Cheng
Published: March 2020

Lithium (Li) metal can deliver the highest theoretical specific capacity among all lithium battery anodes, yet its application is significantly hindered due to a series of critical challenges (poor cycleability and safety risks, etc.), most of which are related to uncontrolled Li dendrite growth. However, the dendrite problem cannot be fully avoided because of a number of complicated multi‐physical field factors, especially under high cycling rate and high capacity conditions. An ideal situation is when the battery can automatically restore the uncontrolled dendrites growth itself, whenever it appears during the entire cycling lifespan; however, discussion on this issue is rare. A periodically conductive/dielectric lamella scaffold is developed for hosting Li metal to realize a “self‐correction” functionality, which can automatically synchronize Li deposition/stripping by periodically re‐homogenizing electric field distribution around irregular Li protrusions. Consequently, dendrite‐free Li plating/stripping with high Coulombic efficiency can be achieved even at 5 mA cm−2 and an ultrahigh cycling capacity of 15 mAh cm−2. Notably, a maximal cumulative plating capacity of 4000 mAh cm−2 with Li utilization of 50% is realized, outperforming most recently reported results. This work provides new insights for designing future smart high‐performance metal anode batteries for real application.
Copper Thiophosphate (Cu3PS4) as Electrode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ether Electrolyte
Authors: Brehm Wolfgang , Santhosha Aggunda L. , Zhang Zhenggang , Neumann Christof , Turchanin Andrey , Martin Andréa , Pinna Nicola , Seyring Martin , Rettenmayr Markus , Buchheim Johannes R. , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: March 2020

Lithium and sodium thiophosphates (and related compounds) have recently attracted attention because of their potential use as solid electrolytes in solid‐state batteries. These compounds, however, exhibit only limited stability in practice as they react with the electrodes. The decomposition products partially remain redox active hence leading to excess capacity. The redox activity of thiophosphates is explicitly used to act as electrode for sodium‐ion batteries. Copper thiophosphate (Cu3PS4) is used as a model system. The storage behavior between 0.01 and 2.5 V versus Na+/Na is studied in half cells using different electrolytes with 1 m NaPF6 in diglyme showing the best result. Cu3PS4 shows highly reversible charge storage with capacities of about 580 mAh g−1 for more than 200 cycles @120 mA g−1 and about 450 mAh g−1 for 1400 cycles @1 A g−1. The redox behavior is studied by operando X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During initial sodiation, Cu3PS4 undergoes a conversion reaction including the formation of Cu and Na2S. During cycling, the redox activity seems dominated by sulfur. Interestingly, the capacity of Cu3PS4 for lithium storage is smaller, leading to about 170 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. The results demonstrate that thiophosphates can lead to reversible charge storage over several hundred cycles without any notable capacity decay.
Phase Transition across Anisotropic NbS3 and Direct Gap Semiconductor TiS3 at Nominal Titanium Alloying Limit
Authors: Wu Kedi , Blei Mark , Chen Bin , Liu Lei , Cai Hui , Brayfield Cassondra , Wright David , Zhuang Houlong , Tongay Sefaattin
Published: March 2020

Alloying selected layered transitional metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) with unique chain‐like structures offers the opportunities for structural, optical, and electrical engineering thus expands the regime of this class of pseudo‐one‐dimensional materials. Here, the novel phase transition in anisotropic Nb(1−x)TixS3 alloys is demonstrated for the first time. Results show that Nb(1−x)TixS3 can be fully alloyed across the entire composition range from triclinic‐phase NbS3 to monoclinic‐phase TiS3. Surprisingly, incorporation of a small concentration of Ti (x ≈ 0.05–0.18) into NbS3 host matrix is sufficient to induce triclinic to monoclinic transition. Theoretical studies suggest that Ti atoms effectively introduce hole doping, thus rapidly decreases the total energy of monoclinic phase and induces the phase transition. When alloyed, crystalline and optical anisotropy are largely preserved as evidenced by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and angle‐resolved Raman spectroscopy. Further Raman measurements identify Raman modes to determine crystalline anisotropy direction and offer insights into the degree of anisotropy. Overall results introduce Nb(1−x)TixS3 as a new and easy phase change material and mark the first phase engineering in anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) trichalcogenide systems for their potential applications in two‐dimensional superconductivity, electronics, photonics, and information technologies.
Polymeric Nonviral Gene Delivery Systems for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ke Lingjie , Cai Pingqiang , Wu Yun‐Long , Chen Xiaodong
Published: March 2020

Unlike viral vectors with their undesired safety or immunogenicity concerns, biocompatible polymeric nonviral vectors as gene delivery systems are more promising in gene or cell therapy. Evidence has demonstrated that the rational design of polymeric nonviral gene vectors with optimal structure, charge density, biocompatibility, and stimulus responsiveness can deliver therapeutic genes or gene vaccines (in terms of deoxyribonucleic acid DNA or ribonucleic acid RNA) into tumor‐associated immunocytes (i.e., macrophages, T cells, or dendritic cells) in an effective and controllable manner for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. However, a timely and systematic summary of this subject is lacking. This review presents an overview of polymeric nonviral carriers with immune cell transfection ability and their potential applications in cancer immunotherapy; it also provides a tutorial for designing polymeric immune‐cell genetic modification vector, although there are still few vectors in the product pipeline. With the rapid growth of immunotherapy in cancer treatment and knowledge accumulation in vector structure design, polymeric nonviral gene delivery systems may provide new hope for tumor therapy.
A review of turfgrass sports field variability and its implications on athlete–surface interactions
Authors: Straw Chase M. , Samson Christine O. , Henry Gerald M. , Brown Cathleen N.
Published: March 2020

Natural turfgrass sports fields can be highly variable depending on construction, usage, and management. Research involving athlete–surface interactions often fails to thoroughly account for variability by grouping these fields into the single category of “natural turfgrass.” This can obscure results and make it difficult to identify specific field characteristics that most strongly influence athletes, making it almost impossible to implement strategies for improvement. The purpose of this literature review was to highlight the between‐ and within‐field variations of turfgrass sports fields and their influence on athlete–surface interactions. The components of turfgrass sports fields and common methods used to objectively quantify surface characteristics in situ are discussed. Then, current literature is reviewed that involves several athlete–surface interactions under a variety of turfgrass sports field scenarios. It was found that turfgrass surface characteristics generally influence athlete biomechanics, performance and physiology, perceptions, and injury occurrence. To better interpret and compare findings, it is recommended that future studies fully describe field characteristics and management practices. Consistency with field and athlete data collection methods, analysis, and reporting are also important. Athlete–surface interaction research incorporating new technologies; addressing athlete performance, physiology, and psychological aspects; and investigating athletes other than professionals is also needed. These recommendations are more likely to happen with increased collaboration between turfgrass scientists, sports turf managers, sports scientists, and sports medicine clinicians. Ultimately, the goal would be to develop evidence‐based guidelines for turfgrass sports field management that improve the overall athlete experience under an assortment of turfgrass sports field scenarios.
Soybean seeding rate and fertilizer effects on growth, partitioning, and yield
Authors: Purucker T. , Steinke K.
Published: March 2020

Greater soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) total dry matter (TDM) production may support yield potential and correspondingly drive greater nutrient uptake. Whether increased dry matter (DM) and reduced interplant competition at decreased seeding rates improves grain yield response to fertilizer applications is not clear. A 3‐site‐year trial was conducted to evaluate soybean seeding rates and fertilizer applications on plant growth, nutrient accumulation, grain yield, and economic return. Seeding rates included: 123,500; 222,400; 321,200; and 420,100 seeds ha−1. Fertilizer applications consisted of: unfertilized; 90 kg MOP (0−0−62 N−P−K) ha−1 pre‐plant incorporated (PPI); 168 kg MESZ (12‐40−0−10−1 N−P−K−S−Zn) ha−1 applied 5 by 5 cm below and to the side of the seed at planting (5 × 5); and 90 kg MOP ha−1 PPI and 168 kg MESZ ha−1 applied 5 × 5. Dry matter (V4) increased 37.7 to 116.6% and 73.3 to 137.5% with seeding rates ≥222,400 seeds ha−1 and MESZ applications, respectively, with greater early‐season DM supporting increased nutrient uptake and grain yield potential. Increasing seeding rate from 123,500 to 222,400 seeds ha−1 improved grain yield 9% but no differences were observed above 222,400 seeds ha−1. The MESZ and MOP+MESZ applications increased grain yield 7.4 and 6.9%, respectively, while MOP did not affect grain yield across site‐years. As emphasis on creating more durable, resilient agroecosystems continues, results suggest seeding rates ≥222,400 seeds ha−1 maximized DM accumulation facilitating nutrient uptake which may be paramount to improving fertilizer management or reducing post‐harvest residual soil nutrients in impaired watersheds or regions of greater nutrient loss potential.
Mandibular corpus shape is a taxonomic indicator in extant hominids
Authors: Balolia Katharine L. , Jakeman Elise C. , Massey Jason S. , Groves Colin , Wood Bernard
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study is to understand whether the shape of three sub‐regions of the mandibular corpus (the alveolar arch, corpus at M1 and posterior symphysis) are useful for making taxonomic assessments at the genus and species levels in extant hominids.

Materials and Methods

We use data taken from 3D surface scans of the mandibular corpus of seven extant hominid taxa: Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri, Homo sapiens, Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Pongo abelii, and Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus to generate four shape variables: alveolar arch shape (AAS), corpus shape at M1 (CSM1), posterior symphysis shape at the midline (PSSM), and posterior symphysis shape (PSS). To ascertain how reliable each mandibular shape variable is for assessing taxonomy, we ran canonical discriminant and discriminant function analysis, reporting cross‐validated results.

Results

Using a combination of three mandibular corpus shape variables, 99% of specimens were classified correctly for genus‐level analyses. A maximum of 100% of Pan specimens, 94% of Gorilla specimens and 96% of Pongo specimens were classified correctly at the species level when up to three mandibular shape variables were included in the analyses. When mandibular corpus variables were considered in isolation, posterior symphysis shape yielded the highest overall correct classification results.

Discussion

The high taxonomic classification rates at both the genus and species level, using 3D surface data and advanced quantification techniques, show that the shape of the alveolar arch, corpus at M1 and symphysis can distinguish extant hominid taxa. These findings have implications for assessing the taxonomy of extinct hominid specimens which preserve these mandibular sub‐regions.
Turn‐on fluorescent probe for Zn2+ ions based on thiazolidine derivative
Authors: Genç Bilgiçli Hayriye , Bilgiçli Ahmet T. , Günsel Armağan , Tüzün Burak , Ergön Derya , Yarasir M. Nilüfer , Zengin Mustafa
Published: March 2020

In this study, simple on–off fluorescent/UV–visible (UV–Vis) probes were easily prepared using 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (Sen‐1) and/or 2‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitrophenyl)thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (Sen‐2) for fast detection of Zn2+ ions. Their sensing properties towards common metal ions were investigated using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Sen‐1 and Sen‐2 displayed a significant change with the addition of Zn2+ ions in the UV–Vis spectra. The addition of Zn2+ ions induced a 104 nm bathochromic shift for Sen‐1. The binding ratio towards Zn2+ metal ions was determined to be 1:1 by using Job plot analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The association constant and free energy (ΔG) of Sen‐1 and Sen‐2 towards Zn2+ ions were calculated by the Benesi–Hildebrand equation. The limit of detection of Sen‐1 towards Zn2+ ions is 3.73 × 10−8 M, which is about 1/100 of the value recommended by the World Health Organization for drinking water. Sen‐1 was successfully applied to detect Zn2+ ions in water samples and the fluorescence test strip was prepared for visual detection of Zn2+ ions. Finally, the quantum chemical parameters of Sen‐1 and Sen‐2, such as highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and chemical hardness, were investigated by the Becke, three‐parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr, Hartree–Fock, and M062x methods.
Polydopamine‐mediated polypyrrole/doxorubicin nanocomplex for chemotherapy‐enhanced photothermal therapy in both NIR‐I and NIR‐II biowindows against tumor cells
Authors: Li Wenchao , Hu Jie , Wang Jingjing , Tang Wei , Yang Wenting , Liu Yanqing , Li Rui , Liu Hui
Published: March 2020

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is featured by the desirable spatiotemporal controllability and excellent specificity, which has been identified as one of the important tumor treatment methods. Although promising, the efficacy of PTT is still limited and needs further improvement. In this work, a kind of PPy‐PDA‐PEG@DOX nanocomplex was designed and constructed for chemotherapy‐enhanced PTT in both near‐infrared (NIR)‐I and NIR‐II biowindows against tumor cells, which was integrated by the polypyrrole (PPy) core, polydopamine (PDA) shell, polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkage, and doxorubicin (DOX) payload. This constructed PPy‐PDA‐PEG@DOX nanocomplex was uniform in size around 56.3 nm, and with the optimized DOX loading content at 37.4%. The photothermal conversion efficiencies of this nanocomplex were calculated to be around 23.1 and 30.8% in NIR‐I and NIR‐II biowindows, respectively, showing good photothermal capacity and stability. The loaded DOX could be released in stimuli‐responsive manners. The therapeutic efficacy was enhanced by PPy‐PDA‐PEG@DOX nanocomplex, indicating the high effectiveness of chemotherapy‐enhanced phototherapy. This developed PPy‐PDA‐PEG@DOX nanocomplex shows promising applications in tumor treatment applications.
Circ‐PGAM1 promotes malignant progression of epithelial ovarian cancer through regulation of the miR‐542‐3p/CDC5L/PEAK1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Li Yang , Zhao Wancheng , Liu Guipeng , Yang Qing
Published: March 2020

Background

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common ovarian malignant cancer. Circular RNA is a type of endogenous noncoding RNA and is considered as a novel regulatory molecule in the development and progression of tumors. This study investigated the expression and functions of a circular RNA, circular‐phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (circ‐PGAM1), in EOC tissues and cells.

Methods

The expression of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p in EOC was analyzed using quantitative RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to confirm the localization and expression of cell division cycle 5‐like (CDC5L) and pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) in EOC tissues. Cell lines (CAOV3 and OVCAR3) overexpressing or silencingcirc‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p were established to explore the functions of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to study the interactions between circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p and between miR‐542‐3p and CDC5L. CCK‐8, transwell, and flow cytometry were used to study the effect of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p on cell biological behaviors including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The interaction between CDC5L and the PEAK1 gene promoter was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP).

Results

Circ‐PGAM1 was upregulated in EOC tissues, whereas linear PGAM1 was not deregulated in EOC tissues. Silencing of circ‐PAGM1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and promoted cell apoptosis. MiR‐542‐3p was downregulated in EOC tissues, and miR‐542‐3p overexpression inhibited malignant progression of ovarian cancer cells. Circ‐PGAM1 directly interacted with miR‐542‐3p, with mutual negative feedback between them. CDC5L was a direct target of miR‐542‐3p and played an oncogenic role in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the CDC5L protein binds directly to the PEAK1 promoter to promote its transcription. PEAK1 overexpression activated ERK1/2 and JAK2 signaling pathways and promoted malignant biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells. Circ‐PAGM1 silencing combined with miR‐542‐3p overexpression played the greatest anticancer role in vivo.

Conclusion

The circ‐PGAM1/miR‐542‐3p/CDC5L/PEAK1 pathway played an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer and might be a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Crizotinib vs platinum‐based chemotherapy as first‐line treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer with different ROS1 fusion variants
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Zhang Quan , Liang Li , Li Junling , Liu Zhefeng , Li Weihua , Yang Lu , Yang Guangjian , Xu Fei , Ying Jianming , Zhang Shucai , Wang Yan
Published: March 2020

Background

ROS1 gene fusion represents a specific subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Crizotinib is recommended for ROS1‐positive NSCLC due to its favorable outcome in published clinical trials. However, due to the low incidence of ROS1‐positive NSCLC, there is limited information on real‐world clinical outcomes in patients treated with either crizotinib or platinum‐based doublet chemotherapy.

Methods

Outcomes were recorded in 102 patients with stage Ⅲb or Ⅳ NSCLC who were treated at four Chinese hospitals between April, 2010 and June, 2019.

Results

Of the 102 patients followed, 71.6% were females, 81.4% were non‐smokers, and 98.0% had adenocarcinoma. First‐line treatment with crizotinib achieved a significantly longer median progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with platinum‐based chemotherapy (14.9 months vs 8.5 months, respectively; P < .001). Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) identified 61 patients who had ROS1 fusion variants, including CD74 (n = 33) and non‐CD74 (n = 28) variants. In patients harboring CD74 fusion variants, the median PFS with first‐line crizotinib treatment was significantly longer than in those harboring non‐CD74 fusion variants (20.1 months vs 12.0 months, respectively; P = .046). However, in patients treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy, there was no significant difference in PFS between the CD74 and non‐CD74 variant groups (8.6 months vs 4.3 months, respectively; P = .115). Overall survival (OS) was not reached.

Conclusions

First‐line therapy with crizotinib is more beneficial than platinum‐based chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC with different ROS1 fusion variants. Patients harboring CD74 fusion variants appear to respond better to crizotinib.
Intestinal necrosis after co‐administration of sodium polystyrene sulfonate and activated charcoal
Authors: Singhania Namrata , Al‐Odat Raman , Singh Anil K. , Al‐Rabadi Laith
Published: March 2020

Development of acute abdominal pain after Kayexalate and activated charcoal administration should prompt clinician to consider intestinal necrosis. Concomitant use should be avoided to minimize the risk of this devastating but preventable condition.
Can CSF spectrophotometry for “Xanthochromia” be used to detect leaking subarachnoid aneurysms in patients with sickle cell anemia with negative MRI or CT angiogram despite hyperbilirubinemia?
Authors: Siu Wan Yung , Thomas William , Trivedi Rikin , Hogan Alexandra , Siddiqi Umbareen , Sarker Anita , Besser Martin Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) xanthochromia by spectroscopy should not be dismissed in the context of hyperbilirubinemia in a patient with sickle cell anemia. Xanthochromia detected by spectrophotometry offers a vital clue that further invasive diagnosis is required.
A rare case of Bordetella avium pneumonia complicated by Raoultella planticola
Authors: Lavrenko Anna , Digtiar Nataliia , Gerasymenko Nataliia , Kaidashev Igor
Published: March 2020

Bordetella avium pneumonia immunocompromised the patient with subsequent complication by a rare opportunistic Raoultella planticola infection, which became a nosocomial pathogen in the healthcare setting.
Theoretical study of the Raman optical activity spectra of with M = Co, Rh
Authors: Abella Laura , Ludowieg Herbert D. , Autschbach Jochen
Published: March 2020

Vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra were calculated under off‐resonance, near‐resonance, and at‐resonance conditions for
(A) and under off‐resonance conditions for
(B) using a new driver software for calculating the ROA intensities from complex (damped) time‐dependent linear response Kohn‐Sham theory. The off‐resonance spectra of A and B show many similarities. At an incident laser wavelength of 532 nm, used in commercial ROA spectrometers, the spectrum of A is enhanced by near‐resonance with the ligand‐field transitions of the complex. The near‐resonance spectrum exhibits many qualitative differences compared with the off‐resonance case, but it remains bi‐signate. Even under full resonance with the ligand‐field electronic transitions, the ROA spectrum of A remains bi‐signate when the electronic transitions are broadened such as to yield absorption line widths that are comparable with those in the experimental UV‐vis absorption and electronic circular dichroism spectra.