bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Workspaces Influence Software Development? Preliminary Results of a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: G. J. Costa Victor , França Cesár
Published: September 2019

This work brings to light the preliminary results of a literature review showing what physical elements of workspaces have been studied in software engineering, and what are their known impacts on software development performance. A systematic literature review has been conducted, covering a period of 16 years of publications in software engineering field. Seven dimensions of workspace factors were mapped and we present the impacts of these factors on elements of software development performance, such as communication and collaboration. This article evidences the fact that there is not a generally accepted best model for software development workspaces, and that there is still much room for investigation in this topic
Análise e melhoria do processo de reengenharia de software: um estudo de caso
Authors: Mendonça de Moraes Guilherme , Costa Oliveira Edgard
Published: September 2019

Apesar de muitos autores procurarem relacionar gestão de riscos com fracasso ou sucesso em projetos de reengenharia de software, a união das duas temáticas ainda é um grande desafio para as organizações que contratam ou fornecem produtos e serviços desse tipo. Esse artigo tem por objetivo a análise e melhoria do processo de reengenharia de software por meio da gestão de riscos. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso de um projeto de mudança da tecnologia do software em uma instituição financeira de grande porte, o que resultou na melhoria do processo de reengenharia de software dessa instituição.
How do Technical Factors Affect Developers in Mobile Software Ecosystems
Authors: Steglich Caio , Marczak Sabrina , Santos Rodrigo , Guerra Luiz , Mosmann Luiz , De Souza Cleidson , Figueira Filho Fernando , Perin Marcelo
Published: September 2019

The Software Evolution area brings applications to the Mobile era in which users want to use these applications on their mobile devices. A Mobile Software Ecosystem (MSECO) is the kind of ecosystems in which developers build applications to attend the needs of mobile technologies users (e.g., Android and iOS). Literature explains that the capability to attracting and retaining people (i.e., developers and users) is essencial to MSECO sustainability, i.e., to the MSECO survive along the years. In a previous work, we conducted a literature review that identified 6 factors that may influence developers to participate in an MSECO. In this study, we present a Field Study aiming to understand how these 6 identified factors may have influenced practitioners in real life projects.
Do samba de roda ao rap: trânsitos musicais e marcadores sociais das diferenças em contextos de resistência de mulheres negras em Cachoeira/BA
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Bahia, Gomes Francimária Ribeiro
Published: September 2019

O artigo apresenta os contextos em torno dos processos de protagonismo de mulheres negras ligadas ao samba de roda e ao rap em Cachoeira, Recôncavo da Bahia. Marcadas por suas condições de gênero, raça/etnia e classe social, as interlocutoras têm suas trajetórias analisadas a partir do desenvolvimento da cidade desde o aporte teórico dos estudos da etnomusicologia, dos feminismos e dos estudos culturais. A metodologia é traçada a partir de um estudo etnográfico de caráter qualitativo, que tem como foco um estudo empírico baseado no diálogo da autora com as interlocutoras. Ela se sustenta a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica da história de Cachoeira, com o objetivo de traçar a importância das mulheres negras para o desenvolvimento da cidade, tendo o samba de roda como formador da identidade cultural diaspórica do Recôncavo. Por meio da Análise Crítica do Discurso das letras de músicas é possível perceber os gêneros musicais em questão como elementos ligados à cultura popular em diferenciados aspectos geracionais e que podem se tornar potências de ação comunicacional por meio da produção de discursos contra-hegemônicos.
A modelagem digital do timbre da viola caipira como fundamento para a composição de Bestiário III
Authors:   USP, Souza Rodolfo Nogueira Coelho de , Costa Guilherme Henrique Santos da
Published: September 2019

Numa perspectiva parcial, este é um relato de experimentos que visa a produzir a síntese de sons semelhantes aos da viola caipira, empregando variações do método Karplus-Strong. Esse método de síntese sonora baseia-se em filas de atraso (delay-lines) e implementa o modelo de guias de onda (waveguides). Nesse sentido trata-se de um estudo de modelagem física no sentido clássico. As variantes desenvolvidas tiveram como ponto de partida os algoritmos de Lazzarini et al. (2016) e Mikelson (2000). Numa perspectiva ampliada, o estudo buscou incorporar ao modelo simulações de outras características acústicas do instrumento, como o choque de cordas duplas, os componentes modais, os formantes e a ressonância do corpo do instrumento. O algoritmo híbrido resultante incorporou uma variedade de outros métodos, como a síntese por soma de ondas senoidais e resíduo de ruído de Serra (1997) e a técnica FOF descrita por Clarke (2000). A pesquisa de Paiva (2017) forneceu os valores experimentais usados na parametrização desse modelo. Os resultados foram aplicados na composição de Bestiário III para violão e sons eletrônicos gerados com esse modelo da viola caipira. A matriz de alturas e as proporções de complexos rítmicos foram livremente inspiradas na análise espectral da viola por Paiva (2017).
Análise ergonômica da operação de rebitagem em panelas de alumínio
Authors: Januário Thays Lorranny da Silva , Araújo Filho José Gonçalves de , Oliveira Esdras Alex Freire de
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo analisou as condições ergonômicas de um posto de trabalho de rebitagem em panelas de alumínio em uma fábrica de utensílios domésticos no município de Juazeiro do Norte (CE). É um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo, exploratório e explicativo. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida com base na Norma Regulamentadora nº17 (NR-17), e se apoiou em visitas técnicas e entrevistas com a operária do setor de rebitagem e o encarregado de produção. Os resultados revelaram condições térmicas e lumínicas inadequadas, além de ritmo excessivo de trabalho e desconforto no assento. As principais propostas de intervenções são: instalação de luminárias com maior eficiência e sistema de ventilação e resfriamento evaporativo para diferentes características térmicas do ano, combinado a ampliação das aberturas das janelas; inserção de pausas para aliviar o ritmo de trabalho; e aquisição de uma cadeira adaptada às características da operária.
Análise de metais traço em lodos industrial e doméstico
Authors: Bohm Giani Mariza Barwald , Rojas Valquiria Ferreira , Bohm Emerson de Moraes , Sanches Filho José Pedro , Dutra Iago Riveiro Santos
Published: September 2019

Ainda é um desafio descartar corretamente lodo de esgoto contendo metais tóxicos. A aplicação do lodo tratado na agricultura tem sido o método mais comumente usado em todo o mundo e está sendo considerado como uma das formas mais econômicas de descarte de lodo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar três tipos diferentes de lodos, sendo dois indústrias e um de esgoto doméstico, através de caracterizações químicas e determinação dos metais traço: chumbo, cromo, cobre, níquel e zinco. Os metais traço foram determinados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica em chama. As análises realizadas nos lodos apresentaram um valor considerável de matéria orgânica e umidade, além de micro e macronutrientes como carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio que são indispensáveis para a agricultura. Os teores para os metais traço variaram de: chumbo 8,8 a 4,3 mg kg-1, cromo 65 a 41,6 mg kg-1, cobre 138,5 a 22 mg kg-1, níquel 25,1 a 4,8 mg kg-1e zinco 236,1 a 146,3 mg kg-1sendo esses teores inferiores aos valores máximos para disposição a agricultura segundo legislação brasileira. Os resultados sugerem que os lodos testados podem ser destinados como fontes de nutrientes em cultivos agrícolas, pois além de teores de matéria orgânica e características químicas adequadas possuem baixos teores de metais traço.
Reforms in France: When Competition and Cooperation Clash
Authors: Musselin Christine
Published: September 2019

France has experienced two major waves of reforms in the past fifteen years. The first one enhanced cooperation at the local level and the second increased the level of competition. This paper describes these reforms and analyses how they interfered one with another.
Improving Reproducibility in Research: The Role of Measurement Science
Authors: Hanisch Robert J. , Gilmore Ian S. , Plant Anne L.
Published: September 2019

We present here a summary of a workshop held 1-3 May 2018 at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK in which the focus was how the national
metrology institutes of the world might help to address challenges in
reproducibility of research. The workshop brought together experts from the
measurement and wider research communities (Physical-, Data- and Life-sciences,
Engineering, and Geology) to understand the issues and to explore how good
measurement practice and principles can foster confidence in research findings [1,
2, 3], including how we can tackle the challenge posed by increasing data volumes in
both industry and research. The workshop involved 63 participants from metrology
laboratories (38), academia (16), industry (5), funding agencies (2), and publishers
(2). The participants came from UK, US, Korea, France, Germany, Australia, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Canada, Turkey, and Singapore.
Laura Miñarro: ''Las plataformas de VOD han hecho que los contenidos viajen más rápido y a nivel global''
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: September 2019

Esta es la segunda entrega de la entrevista mantenida con Laura Miñarro, Vicepresidenta de negocio internacional de Atresmedia Studios, en la que abordamos los cambios sufridos por el sector audiovisual con la irrupción de la digitalización y el consumo bajo demanda. En esta segunda entrega analizamos los retos y oportunidades que brindan los portales de SVOD (Subscription Video On Demand) internacionales a la ficción española.
Molecular function limits divergent protein evolution on planetary timescales
Authors: Konaté Mariam M , Plata Germán , Park Jimin , Usmanova Dinara R , Wang Harris , Vitkup Dennis
Published: September 2019

Functional conservation is known to constrain protein evolution. Nevertheless, the long-term divergence patterns of proteins maintaining the same molecular function and the possible limits of this divergence have not been explored in detail. We investigate these fundamental questions by characterizing the divergence between ancient protein orthologs with conserved molecular function. Our results demonstrate that the decline of sequence and structural similarities between such orthologs significantly slows down after ~1–2 billion years of independent evolution. As a result, the sequence and structural similarities between ancient orthologs have not substantially decreased for the past billion years. The effective divergence limit (>25% sequence identity) is not primarily due to protein sites universally conserved in all linages. Instead, less than four amino acid types are accepted, on average, per site across orthologous protein sequences. Our analysis also reveals different divergence patterns for protein sites with experimentally determined small and large fitness effects of mutations.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
NHR-14 loss of function couples intestinal iron uptake with innate immunity in C. elegans through PQM-1 signaling
Authors: Rajan Malini , Anderson Cole P , Rindler Paul M , Romney Steven Joshua , Ferreira dos Santos Maria C , Gertz Jason , Leibold Elizabeth A
Published: September 2019

Iron is essential for survival of most organisms. All organisms have thus developed mechanisms to sense, acquire and sequester iron. In C. elegans, iron uptake and sequestration are regulated by HIF-1. We previously showed that hif-1 mutants are developmentally delayed when grown under iron limitation. Here we identify nhr-14, encoding a nuclear receptor, in a screen conducted for mutations that rescue the developmental delay of hif-1 mutants under iron limitation. nhr-14 loss upregulates the intestinal metal transporter SMF-3 to increase iron uptake in hif-1 mutants. nhr-14 mutants display increased expression of innate immune genes and DAF-16/FoxO-Class II genes, and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These responses are dependent on the transcription factor PQM-1, which localizes to intestinal cell nuclei in nhr-14 mutants. Our data reveal how C. elegans utilizes nuclear receptors to regulate innate immunity and iron availability, and show iron sequestration as a component of the innate immune response.
ENaC-mediated sodium influx exacerbates NLRP3-dependent inflammation in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Scambler Thomas , Jarosz-Griffiths Heledd H , Lara-Reyna Samuel , Pathak Shelly , Wong Chi , Holbrook Jonathan , Martinon Fabio , Savic Sinisa , Peckham Daniel , McDermott Michael F
Published: September 2019

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in defective CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport, with dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). These changes alter fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and result in an exaggerated proinflammatory response driven, in part, by infection. We tested the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ENaC upregulation drives exaggerated innate-immune responses in this multisystem disease. We identify an enhanced proinflammatory signature, as evidenced by increased levels of IL-18, IL-1β, caspase-1 activity and ASC-speck release in monocytes, epithelia and serum with CF-associated mutations; these differences were reversed by pretreatment with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and notably, inhibition of amiloride-sensitive sodium (Na+) channels. Overexpression of β-ENaC, in the absence of CFTR dysfunction, increased NLRP3-mediated inflammation, indicating that dysregulated, ENaC-dependent signalling may drive exaggerated inflammatory responses in CF. These data support a role for sodium in modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Breaking frame and frame-shifting in Bassem Youssef’s satirical TV show al-Bernāmeg
Authors: Mifdal Mohamed
Published: September 2019

This paper reviews how humor is made in terms of three theoretical models. First, it draws on the contribution of the structural semantics to the understanding of the text of the joke, especially the related notion of isotopy and the linear organization of the text of the joke. Second, this paper discusses humor in light of the Semantic Script Theory of Humor (SSTH), and the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH). Third, this paper draws also on two pragmatic and discursive approaches, namely Grice’s cooperative principle, and Simpson’s model of satire as a discourse. This paper argues that semantic incongruities and their resolutions, as well as the violations of the cooperation principle can be best apprehended in light of the frames theory as developed in social sciences by Erving Goffman and frameshifting theory as it has been developed by Seana Coulson. The aim of this paper is to reveal the mechanism used toproduce humorand laughter in one of the most popular satirical shows in the Arab world, Bassem Youssef’s al-Bernāmeg. The focus is not only on what humor/satire does (ridicule, mockery, attack of targets, overstepping of boundaries…), but also on how it does it (violation of codes, breaking frames, frame-shifting, conceptual blending) and why these discursive strategies are used (implications in light of historical and cultural context). This paper also argues that the generation of humor can be based broadly on breaking frames, which is inclusive of incongruity (both verbal and contextual), but studied in a multimodal content where incongruity is based on breaking and shattering frames that are constructed in verbal and visual forms. Humor generation is conducted through a continuous chain-like process of building, shattering, and rebuilding frames. It also deals with the frame-shifting and conceptual blending mechanisms at the level of interpretation and the construction of the meaning of humor. The aim is to account for the creative and flexible use of language for satiric purposes and thus to enhance the ability of traditional frame-based systems, including script-opposition theory to account for such flexibility in light of context and with reference to background.
13C values of glycolytic amino acids as indicators of carbohydrate utilization in carnivorous fish
Authors: Wang Yiming V. , Wan Alex H.L. , Krogdahl Åshild , Johnson Mark , Larsen Thomas
Published: September 2019

Background

Stable isotope analysis of single amino acids (AA) is usually applied in food web studies for tracing biosynthetic origins of AA carbon backbones and establishing trophic positions of consumers, but the method is also showing promise for characterizing quantity and quality of dietary lipids and carbohydrates.

Methods

To investigate whether changes in high- and low-digestible carbohydrates affectδ13C values of glycolytic AA, i.e., AA carbon backbones sourced from the glycolytic pathway, we compared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from a feeding experiment with and without dietary inclusion of the red macroalgaPalmaria palmata. The Control and experimental diets had similar relative proportions of macronutrients, but their ingredients differed; in the experimental treatment, 15%Palmariainclusion substituted proteins from fishmeal and carbohydrates from corn starch.

Results

We found that13C values of the glycolytic AA were highly sensitive to substitution of corn starch withPalmaria. Theδ13C offsets of glycolytic AA between salmon and their diets were significantly greater in thePalmariainclusion than Control treatment. This greater offset can be attributed to the different utilization of high- vs. low-digestible carbohydrate sources, i.e., corn starch vs.Palmaria, in the two treatments, and metabolic routing of dietary lipids. In addition, similarδ13C values of essential AA between treatments indicate similar nutrient assimilation efficiency for all terrestrial (pea protein concentrate and wheat gluten meal) and marine (fishmeal and red alga) derived protein sources. These results show thatδ13CAAanalysis is a promising tool for improving our understanding of how carnivorous fish utilize macronutrient and route metabolic intermediates to tissue.
Dynamics of carbon and nitrogen storage in two typical plantation ecosystems of different stand ages on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Liu Ling , Yue Feixue , Li Dong
Published: September 2019

In China’s Loess Plateau, afforestation and reforestation are considered the foremost practices for sequestering carbon and conserving soil and water. In order to evaluate the carbon storage changes of tree, soil, and litter, and the soil total nitrogen (STN) in two typical artificial forests in the region, we conducted plot surveys for different ages of both artificial forest types. Soil samples were collected at different depths from 0–100 cm. The results indicated that forest ecosystem carbon storage increased with tree development. The rates of mean annual carbon sequestration of Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation ecosystems were 3.31 and 3.53 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively. The rate of mean annual carbon sequestration of R. pseudoacacia plantation ecosystems was higher by 6.65% than that of P. tabulaeformis plantation ecosystems. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and STN decreased at deeper soil depths in both plantations at different stand ages, significantly decreasing in the 0–60 cm of soil (P < 0.05), and the highest SOC content and storage were in the top 0–20 cm of soil. The temporal patterns for SOC and STN changes at different soil sampling depths from 0 to 100 cm all showed an initial decrease during the early stage of restoration, and then an increase that coincided with the development of the two plantation forests. At 0–100 cm depth, the SOC storage was in the range of 40.95–106.79 and 45.13–113.61 Mg ha−1 for the P. tabulaeformis forest and R. pseudoacacia forest, respectively. The STN storage in the 0–100 cm soil layer with the stand age development ranged from 4.16 to 8.34 Mg ha−1 in the R. pseudoacacia plantation and 4.19–7.55 Mg ha−1 in the P. tabulaeformis forest. The results showed a significant positive correlation between SOC and STN. This study suggests that we should pay more attention to changes in soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration during long-term vegetation restoration.
Soluble Signals and Remodeling in a Synthetic Gelatin‐Based Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche
Authors: Gilchrist Aidan E. , Lee Sunho , Hu Yuhang , Harley Brendan A. C.
Published: September 2019

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow within niches that provide microenvironmental signals in the form of biophysical cues, bound and diffusible biomolecules, and heterotypic cell–cell interactions that influence HSC fate decisions. This study seeks to inform the development of a synthetic culture platform that promotes ex vivo HSC expansion without exhaustion. A library of methacrylamide‐functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels is used to explore remodeling and crosstalk from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on the expansion and quiescence of murine HSCs. The use of a degradable GelMA hydrogel enables MSC‐mediated remodeling, yielding dynamic shifts in the matrix environment over time. An initially low‐diffusivity hydrogel for co‐culture of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to MSCs facilitates maintenance of an early progenitor cell population over 7 days. Excitingly, this platform promotes retention of a quiescent HSC population compared to HSC monocultures. These studies reveal MSC‐density–dependent upregulation of MMP‐9 and changes in hydrogel mechanical properties (ΔE = 2.61 ± 0.72) suggesting MSC‐mediated matrix remodeling may contribute to a dynamic culture environment. Herein, a 3D hydrogel is reported for ex vivo HSC culture, in which HSC expansion and quiescence is sensitive to hydrogel properties, MSC co‐culture, and MSC‐mediated hydrogel remodeling.
Self‐Trapped Exciton to Dopant Energy Transfer in Rare Earth Doped Lead‐Free Double Perovskite
Authors: Li Shunran , Hu Qingsong , Luo Jiajun , Jin Tong , Liu Jing , Li Jinghui , Tan Zhifang , Han Yibo , Zheng Zhi , Zhai Tianyou , Song Haisheng , Gao Liang , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang
Published: September 2019

Low dimensional halide perovskites with self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission have emerged as promising white light phosphors because of their ultrabroadband emission covering the entire visible spectrum from 400 to 800 nm. Such a broad emission from a single material can overcome emission color change and self‐absorption problems within multiple phosphors. However, the color rendering index (CRI) and correlated color temperature (CCT) as two essential parameters of white light quality can hardly be modulated in these perovskite materials. Here, rare earth ion Ho3+ is introduced into Cs2(Na,Ag)InCl6 for the first time, utilizing the hydrothermal method. Besides the strong warm white STEs emission, the as‐synthesized materials exhibit effective characteristic emission of Ho3+ in the visible region. Further, the mechanism of associated emission is explored and the existence of energy transfer from STEs to rare earth is first confirmed. A white light‐emitting diode (LED) prototype is also fabricated by employing the Ho3+ doped Cs2(Na,Ag)InCl6 as the color conversion material on a commercial 365 nm GaN LED chip, achieving an improved CRI from 70.3 to 75.4 compared to the pure Cs2(Na,Ag)InCl6. This result suggests a promising way to achieve high quality single phase all‐inorganic white phosphors and this mechanism has enormous potentials in other optoelectronic applications.
Highly Efficient Ultra‐Broadband Terahertz Modulation Using Bidirectional Switching of Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chen Xuequan , Li Kaidi , Zhang Rui , Gupta Swadesh Kumar , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Pickwell‐MacPherson Emma
Published: September 2019

Accurately manipulating field strength and polarization state are essential in various terahertz applications. Such manipulations are based on the efficient modulation of the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves. However, there is a lack of such terahertz modulators with sufficient efficiency and bandwidth. Herein, the Brewster–critical angle is exploited for modulation by using a nematic liquid crystal. Unlike liquid crystal phase shifters that only give a narrowband phase delay via a one‐directional switch, the presented device modulates both the amplitude and phase across an ultra‐broadbandwidth via a bidirectional active switch. An average intensity modulation depth over 99.6% is achieved for 0.2–1.6 THz. Furthermore, highly accurate polarization conversion between linear and circular states is also realized for 0.4–1.8 THz, with the average degree of linear and circular polarizations as high as 0.994 and 0.998, respectively. The superior accuracy, bandwidth, and active control achieved provide great potential for multifunctional terahertz modulation.
Interface Effects on Epilayer Surface Density of States by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory
Authors: Dascalu Matan , Levi Rachel , Cesura Federico , Diéguez Oswaldo , Goldfarb Ilan
Published: September 2019

Sub‐nanometric Ni‐silicide films are self‐assembled by solid phase epitaxy of Ni on a vicinal Si(111) surface. The combination of in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and surface electron diffraction with ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy allows us to identify θ‐Ni2Si as the major constituent crystal phase at the overgrown surface. Then scanning tunneling spectroscopy is employed with ab initio electronic structure calculations, to identify the origins of the surface local density of states and use these as a fingerprint for in situ phase identification. The above approach enhances the chemical contrast capability of scanning tunneling microscopy, and offers a useful local probe with atomic resolution for in situ crystal phase identification of ultra‐thin surface structures.
Reliability and Validity of the Vicarious Trauma Organizational Readiness Guide (VT‐ORG)
Authors: Hallinan Sean , Shiyko Mariya P. , Volpe Robert , Molnar Beth E.
Published: September 2019

The Vicarious Trauma Organizational Readiness Guide (VT‐ORG) is an assessment of an organization's readiness to address vicarious trauma (VT), which is exposure to the traumatic experiences of people served. This study reports on the psychometric properties of the VT‐ORG. Employees of first responder agencies (e.g., law enforcement, fire, emergency services) and victim assistance agencies are at a high risk for vicarious traumatization, which can lead to PTSD, substance use, and suicidal ideation, among other negative impacts. Organizations that do not address VT may see such effects as employee turnover, reduced efficiency, and negative work environments. The VT‐ORG is an assessment tool designed to help organizations complete the first step of organizational change—conducting a needs assessment. Study participants were 3,018 employees across 13 first responder and victim assistance agencies who completed the 67‐item VT‐ORG and additional measures for evaluation of its validity and reliability. The VT‐ORG was found to have excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .98). A structural equation model demonstrated that the subscales of the VT‐ORG predicted criterion measures of turnover intention, compassion satisfaction, and organizational resilience, with an overall model fit of CFI = .99, RMSEA = .053. This study found the VT‐ORG to be a reliable and valid assessment of organizational responses to vicarious trauma.
I2‐Catalyzed Oxidative N−P Cross‐Coupling of Diarylphosphine Oxides and Sulfoximines
Authors: Tan Mingchao , Zheng Wenting , Yang Lu , Zhou Lihong , Zeng Qingle
Published: September 2019

A new synthetic method for the synthesis of N‐phosphinyl sulfoximines that proceeds by an I2‐catalyzed oxidative N−P cross‐coupling reaction has been developed. N‐phosphinylated sulfoximines are synthesized from sulfoximines and diarylphosphine oxides using 10 mol% I2 as a catalyst, one equiv. H2O2 as a green oxidant and PEG400 as a greener solvent. Chirality of S‐methyl‐S‐phenylsulfoximine is retained in the coupling products (100% ee).
Primate microbial endocrinology: An uncharted frontier
Authors: Benavidez Kathryn M. , Iruri‐Tucker Alec , Steiniche Tessa , Wasserman Michael D.
Published: September 2019

Gut microbial communities communicate bidirectionally with the brain through endocrine, immune, and neural signaling, influencing the physiology and behavior of hosts. The emerging field of microbial endocrinology offers innovative perspectives and methods to analyze host‐microbe relationships with relevance to primate ecology, evolution, and conservation. Herein we briefly summarize key findings from microbial endocrinology and explore how applications of a similar framework could inform our understanding of primate stress and reproductive physiology and behavior. We conclude with three guiding hypotheses to further investigate endocrine signaling between gut microbes and the host: (a) host‐microbe communication systems promote microbe‐mediated stability, in which the microbes are using endocrine signaling from the host to maintain a functioning habitat for their own fitness, (b) host‐microbe communication systems promote host‐mediated stability, in which the host uses the endocrine system to monitor microbial communities and alter these communities to maintain stability, or (c) host‐microbe systems are simply the product of coincidental cross‐talk between the host and microbes due to similar molecules from shared ancestry. Utilizing theory and methodology for studying relationships between the microbiome, hormones, and behavior of wild primates is an uncharted frontier with many promising insights when applied to primatology.
Bifunctional Phosphine Ligand Enabled Gold‐Catalyzed Alkynamide Cycloisomerization: Access to Electron‐Rich 2‐Aminofurans and Their Diels–Alder Adducts
Authors: Li Xingguang , Ma Xu , Wang Zhixun , Liu Pei‐Nian , Zhang Liming
Published: September 2019

By using biphenyl‐2‐ylphosphines functionalized with a remote tertiary amino group as a ligand, readily available acetylenic amides are directly converted into 2‐aminofurans devoid of any electron‐withdrawing and hence deactivating/stabilizing substituents. These highly electron‐rich furans have rarely been prepared, let alone applied in synthesis, because of their high reactivities and low stabilities associated with the electron‐rich nature of the furan ring. In this work, these reactive furans smoothly undergo either in situ intermolecular Diels–Alder reactions to deliver highly functionalized/substituted aniline products or intramolecular ones to furnish carbazole‐4‐carboxylates in mostly good to excellent yields. This work offers general and expedient access to this class of little studies electron‐rich furans and should lead to exciting opportunities for their applications.
Hue‐ and Chromaticity‐Based Exploration of Surface Complexation‐Induced Tunable Emission from Non‐Luminescent Quantum Dots
Authors: Roy Shilaj , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Mandal Prasenjit , Manna Mihir , Bhandari Satyapriya
Published: September 2019

Herein we report the use of a hue parameter of HSV (Hue, Saturation and Value) color space—in combination with chromaticity color coordinates—for exploring the complexation‐induced luminescence color changes, ranging from blue to green to yellow to white, from a non‐luminescent Fe‐doped ZnS quantum dot (QD). Importantly, the surface complexation reaction helped a presynthesized non‐luminescent Fe‐doped ZnS QD to glow with different luminescence colors (such as blue, cyan, green, greenish‐yellow, yellow) by virtue of the formation of various luminescent inorganic complexes (using different external organic ligands), while the simultaneous blue‐ and yellow‐emitting complex formation on the surface of non‐luminescent Fe‐doped ZnS QD led to the generation of white light emission, with a hue mean value of 85 and a chromaticity of (0.28,0.33). Furthermore, the surface complexation‐assisted incorporation of luminescence properties to a non‐luminescent QD not only overcomes their restricted luminescence‐based applications such as light‐emitting, biological and sensing applications but also bring newer avenues towards unravelling the surface chemistry between QDs and inorganic complexes and the advantage of having an inorganic complex with QD for their aforementioned useful applications.
Tailoring Coordination Polymers by Substituent Effect: A Bifunctional CoII‐Doped 1D‐Coordination Network with Electrochemical Water Oxidation and Nitroaromatics Sensing
Authors: Moi Rajib , Nath Karabi , Biradha Kumar
Published: September 2019

Three CdII coordination polymers (CPs) were synthesized with a tripodal ligand N,N‘,N‘ ‘‐tris(4‐pyridinylmethyl)‐1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamide in combination with three different substituted isophthalic acids with general formulas {[Cd2(L)(NIP)2(H2O)2].4H2O}n, (CP‐1), {[Cd2(L)(AIP)2(H2O)2].4H2O}n, (CP‐2) and {[Cd(L)(BIP) (H2O)].4H2O}n, (CP‐3). The substituent groups on the co‐ligand had profound effect on the network topologies of the corresponding CPs as well as their properties. Out of the three, CP‐1 and 2 were found to form 3D networks whereas CP‐3 was a 1D linear chain with uncoordinated pyridyl sites. Due to its structural features CP‐3 was found to show interesting properties. The 1D CP containing uncoordinated pyridyl site exhibited an excellent ability for doping with CoII which in turn acts as an efficient water oxidation electrocatalyst with required overpotential of 380 mV for an anodic current density of 1 mA cm−2. The CP also exhibited luminescence‐based detection of nitroaromatics (LOD: 0.003 mm) without any significant interference in presence of other organic compounds.
Three‐Legged Locomotion and the Constraints on Limb Number: Why Tripeds Don’t Have a Leg to Stand On
Authors: Thomson Tracy J.
Published: September 2019

Three‐legged animals do not exist today and such an animal is not found in the fossil record. Which constraints operate to result in the lack of a triped phenotype? Consideration of animal locomotion and robotic studies suggests that physical constraints would not prevent a triped from being functional or advantageous. As is reviewed here, the strongest constraint on the evolution of a triped is phylogenetic: namely, the early genetic adoption of a bilaterally symmetrical body plan occurring before the advent of limbs. Presumably, this would greatly constrain any three‐legged animal from ever evolving. Tripedalism is employed only by a few animals, but many use a tripod stance while engaged in a variety of activities. Because terms are often used interchangeably in the literature, a standardization of locomotion terminology is proposed. Understanding the constraints behind “forbidden” phenotypes forces us to confront gaps in our evolutionary understanding of which we may be unaware.
Strategy for achieving standardized bone models
Authors: Hadida Mikhael , Marchat David
Published: September 2019

Reliably producing functional in vitro organ models, such as organ‐on‐chip systems, has the potential to considerably advance biology research, drug development time, and resource efficiency. However, despite the ongoing major progress in the field, three‐dimensional bone tissue models remain elusive. In this review, we specifically investigate the control of perfusion flow effects as the missing link between isolated culture systems and scientifically exploitable bone models and propose a roadmap toward this goal.
Rethinking enzyme kinetics: Designing and developing a biomolecular interactive tutorial (BIOMINT) learning tool for undergraduate students
Authors: Gu Jerry , Andreopoulos Stavroula , Jenkinson Jodie , Ng Derek P.
Published: September 2019

Enzyme kinetics is the study of enzymatic catalytic rates in biochemical reactions. This topic is commonly taught to life science students in introductory biochemistry courses during their undergraduate education. Unlike most other biochemistry topics, which focus on visual structures of biomolecules and their processes, enzyme kinetics is explained primarily through abstract mathematical and two‐dimensional graphical plots. However, these abstract/symbolic representations often make it difficult for students to relate the kinetic parameters to the underlying molecular system that is being described. In this article, we present the design and development of a web‐based multimedia interactive learning tool, biomolecular interactive tutorials (BIOMINT) to help students better bridge the relationships between these abstract mathematical models and the molecular behaviors, interactions, and dynamics that produce kinetic phenomena. This learning tool can be accessed at https://bit.ly/biomint. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 48(1):74–79, 2020.
A guided‐inquiry investigation of bacterial membrane potential using flow cytometry for an undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course
Authors: White Rachel , Joyner P. Matthew
Published: September 2019

Flow cytometry has become an important tool in the life sciences and medical fields, yet there are often few opportunities for undergraduate students to receive training with this type of instrumentation as part of life science curricula at many colleges and universities. We describe a straightforward laboratory exercise designed for a college‐level biochemistry course that uses flow cytometry to investigate changes in bacterial membrane potential and cell viability in response to various treatments. Anecdotally, we have noticed that many students often have difficulty understanding the concept of membrane potential and the essential role that it plays in cellular processes. Therefore, this exercise also provides a pedagogical tool for visualizing changes in cellular membrane potential as way to enhancing students' comprehension of this abstract concept. Students' understanding of flow cytometry and membrane potential was assessed using a preactivity and postactivity quiz; the results indicate that the students' understanding of these concepts significantly improved after they completed this laboratory exercise. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 48(1):61–66, 2020.
Teaching structural diversity of hexoses to graduate and postgraduate students: Methods to correlate stereochemistry
Authors: Arya Aditya , Kumar Amit
Published: September 2019

Carbohydrates, or in strictly chemical terms, polyhydroxy‐aldehydes or ketones represent enormous structural diversity in terms of the arrangement of atoms in space, resulting in hundreds of stereoisomers. Although the chemical properties of most stereoisomers may not be very different, their metabolic fate and utilization in biological systems is significantly different and known to influence the overall carbohydrate metabolism. This dictates the importance of understanding the structures of various stereochemical structures for a biochemist. At graduate level teaching, it is really a challenging task to correlate, connect, and recall all the structures. Conventional teaching methods and standard textbook illustrations seldom enable the learners and instructors to sustain the information for a prolonged period. We, in this article, present a unique approach and introduce sigma notation rules for the correlation of stereochemistry of carbohydrates in order to enhance the understanding of stereochemical structures. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 48(1):8–20, 2020.
Development of novel economical methodologies for zymographic analysis of purified xylano–pectinolytic enzymes using agrowaste‐based substrates
Authors: Agrawal Sharad , Kaur Amanjot , Varghese Libin Mathew , Mahajan Ritu
Published: September 2019

In this study, zymographic analysis for xylanase and pectinase enzymes has been carried out using agrowaste residues, wheat bran and citrus peel as well as their extracts. Isozymic forms of xylanase as well as pectinase enzyme displayed comparable zymographic bands onto agar petriplates containing either commercial substrates (xylan and pectin), agrowaste‐based substrates (wheat bran and citrus peel), or polysaccharides extracted from these agrowastes (crude xylan and pectin extracted from wheat bran and citrus peel, respectively), indicating the fact that agro residues and their extracts can be utilized as a substitute of cost‐intensive commercial substrates, xylan and pectin for zymographic analysis. This is the first report revealing the zymographic analysis of xylano–pectinolytic enzymes using agro‐based solid residues particles or polysaccharides extracted from agro‐based residues.
Did university wrongly expel doctoral student?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: September 2019

The plaintiff entered a doctoral program at the State University of New York at Albany in 2009. Two years later, she was suspended for a year because of allegedly harassing faculty members.
Population prevalence of individuals meeting criteria for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer testing
Authors: Greenberg Samantha , Buys Saundra S. , Edwards Sandra L. , Espinel Whitney , Fraser Alison , Gammon Amanda , Hafen Brent , Herget Kimberly A. , Kohlmann Wendy , Roundy Camille , Sweeney Carol
Published: September 2019

Background

Personal cancer diagnosis and family cancer history factor into which individuals should undergo genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Family history is often determined in the research setting through kindreds with disease clusters, or clinically from self‐report. The population prevalence of individuals with diagnostic characteristics and/or family cancer history meeting criteria for HBOC testing is unknown.

Methods

Utilizing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data and a research resource linking registry records to genealogies, the Utah Population Database, the population‐based prevalence of diagnostic and family history characteristics meeting National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria for HBOC testing was objectively assessed.

Results

Among Utah residents with an incident breast cancer diagnosis 2010‐2015 and evaluable for family history, 21.6% met criteria for testing based on diagnostic characteristics, but the proportion increased to 62.9% when family history was evaluated. The proportion of cases meeting testing criteria at diagnosis was 94% for ovarian cancer, 23% for prostate cancer, and 51.1% for pancreatic cancer. Among an unaffected Utah population of approximately 1.7 million evaluable for family history, 197,601 or 11.6% met testing criteria based on family history.

Conclusions

This study quantifies the population‐based prevalence of HBOC criteria using objectively determined genealogy and cancer incidence data. Sporadic breast cancer likely represents a portion of the high prevalence of family cancer history seen in this study. These results underline the importance of establishing presence of a deleterious mutation in an affected family member, per NCCN guidelines, before testing unaffected relatives.
The clinical behavior and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and a family history of the disease
Authors: An Jihyun , Chang Seheon , Kim Ha Il , Song Gi‐Won , Shim Ju Hyun
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Familial clustering is a common feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as a risk factor for the disease. We aimed to assess whether such a family history affected prognostic outcomes in patients with HCC diagnosed at different stages of the disease.

Materials/Methods

This hospital registry‐based cohort study included 5484 patients initially diagnosed with HCC. Individual family histories of cancer were obtained by interview and reported by trained nurses who constructed three‐generation pedigrees. Overall survival data were compared between cases with and without first‐degree relatives affected by HCC, with adjustment for other potential predictors.

Results

Of 5484 patients, 845 (15.4%) had first‐degree relatives with a history of HCC. Family history was associated with longer survival in the entire cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80‐0.98, P = .025). A significant trend for reduced risk of death with increasing number of affected family members was also observed (P for trend = 0.018). The stage‐stratified analysis showed that the presence of family history was especially associated with a reduced risk of death in the subset of patients with HCC at a (very) early stage (adjusted HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69‐0.99; P = .042). The proportion of cases receiving curative treatment was also higher in early‐stage patients with a family history (72.6% vs 63.3%; P < .001).

Conclusions

A first‐degree family history of the disease is a prognostic factor for improved survival in patients with HCC, especially in those whose tumors can be cured by radical treatments.
Associations between pretherapeutic body mass index, outcome, and cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Løhmann Ditte J. A. , Asdahl Peter H. , Abrahamsson Jonas , Ha Shau‐Yin , Jónsson Ólafur G. , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Koskenvuo Minna , Lausen Birgitte , De Moerloose Barbara , Palle Josefine , Zeller Bernward , Sung Lillian , Hasle Henrik
Published: September 2019

Background

Associations between body mass index (BMI), outcome, and leukemia‐related factors in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. We investigated associations between pretherapeutic BMI, cytogenetic abnormalities, and outcome in a large multinational cohort of children with AML.

Methods

We included patients, age 2‐17 years, diagnosed with de novo AML from the five Nordic countries (2004‐2016), Hong Kong (2007‐2016), the Netherlands and Belgium (2010‐2016), and Canada and USA (1995‐2012). BMI standard deviations score for age and sex was calculated and categorized according to the World Health Organization. Cumulative incidence functions, Kaplan‐Meier estimator, Cox regression, and logistic regression were used to investigate associations.

Results

In total, 867 patients were included. The median age was 10 years (range 2‐17 years). At diagnosis, 32 (4%) were underweight, 632 (73%) were healthy weight, 127 (15%) were overweight, and 76 (9%) were obese. There was no difference in relapse risk, treatment‐related mortality or overall mortality across BMI groups. The frequency of t(8;21) and inv(16) increased with increasing BMI. For obese patients, the sex, age, and country adjusted odds ratio of having t(8;21) or inv(16) were 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1‐3.4) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.3‐5.8), respectively, compared to healthy weight patients.

Conclusions

This study did not confirm previous reports of associations between overweight and increased treatment‐related or overall mortality in children. Obesity was associated with a higher frequency of t(8;21) and inv(16). AML cytogenetics appear to differ by BMI status.
Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis: Experience of 55 patients with 124 relapses—A descriptive study
Authors: Ishiguro Takashi , Kojima Ayako , Takata Naomi , Takayanagi Noboru
Published: September 2019

There is no established consensus for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) on its diagnosis or at relapse. We reviewed our experience with patients with ABPM, which showed that although systemic corticosteroids are effective in ABPM, and other treatment options can also be selected.