bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARP-1 Mediates LPS-Induced HMGB1 Release by Macrophages through Regulation of HMGB1 Acetylation
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Li Li , Chen Lijuan , Yuan Weiwei , Dong Liming , Zhang Yushun , Wu Heshui , Wang Chunyou
Published: November 2014

The high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is increasingly recognized as an important inflammatory mediator. In some cases, the release of HMGB1 is regulated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we report that PARP-1 activation contributes to LPS-induced PARylation of HMGB1, but the PARylation of HMGB1 is insufficient to direct its migration from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; PARP-1 regulates the translocation of HMGB1 to the cytoplasm through upregulating the acetylation of HMGB1. In mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 suppressed LPS-induced translocation and release of HMGB1. Increased PARylation was accompanied with the nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation and release of HMGB1 upon LPS exposure, but PARylated HMGB1 was located at the nucleus, unlike acetylated HMGB1 localized at the cytoplasm in an import assay. PARP inhibitor and PARP-1 depletion decreased the activity ratio of histone acetyltransferases to histone deacetylases that elevated after LPS stimulation and impaired LPS-induced acetylation of HMGB1. In addition, PARylation of HMGB1 facilitates its acetylation in an in vitro enzymatic reaction. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species scavenger (N-acetyl-l-cysteine) and the ERK inhibitor (FR180204) impaired LPS-induced PARP activation and HMGB1 release. Our findings suggest that PARP-1 regulates LPS-induced acetylation of HMGB1 in two ways: PARylating HMGB1 to facilitate the latter acetylation and increasing the activity ratio of histone acetyltransferases to histone deacetylases. These studies revealed a new mechanism of PARP-1 in regulating the inflammatory response to endotoxin.
Postglacial tectonic and sea level history of the central Canadian Arctic
Authors: Dyke A S , Morris T F , Green D E C
Published: November 2014

More than 130 new radiocarbon dates form the basis for 14 emergence curves for Prince of Wales and adjacent smaller islands. These curves and 14 additional curves from a large surrounding area are the primary basis for a set of central Arctic is abase maps.
During and just after de glaciation the Boothia Arch was reactivated, producing 60-120 m of relief on the regionally elevated 9.3 ka shoreline. This deformation could have the form of a symmetrical ridge or a ridge with a fault zone on its western side. The ridge is flanked on the west by a large
isobase plateau where the emerged 9.3 ka shoreline has little gradient. The 8 ka and younger shorelines are not affected by the Boothia Arch, but the Prince ofWales island isobase plateau persisted as the predominant regional isobasefeature throughout postglacial time. Since 8 ka all of Prince of
Wales Island has emerged without de levelling of shorelines- a glacioisostatically abnormal pattern. We propose a Holocene block tectonics hypothesis: that postglacial rebound of the archipelago involved movement of a mosaic of blocks, some tilting, others not tilting. Small postglaciallineaments on
eastern Prince ofWales Island may indicate that minor tectonism has continued until present. The emergence history of Prince ofWales I stand since 8 ka can be described by a single exponential least squares regression curve based entirely on 41 driftwood dates. Addition of two select shell dates
produces a curve for the area of earliest de glaciation at about 11 ka. The curve has narrow 99% confidence limits, explains 94.72% of data variance, and has a correlation coefficient of0.97. The half-response time- the time during which one half of remaining emergence is accomplished- is
2000 years.
Shallow crustal structure in the Meadowbank River - Tehek Lake area: insights from gravity and magnetic modelling
Authors: Thomas M D
Published: November 2014

Relatively closely-spaced gravity data measured along two traverses near the Meadowbank gold deposits near Tehek Lake have been modelled in concert with regional magnetic data to provide a preliminary pictu.re of upper crustal structure and rock types. Modelling
has also been completed along two regional gravity profiles, indicating that Archean supracrustal rocks attain thicknesses ranging from 2.8 km to 8.3 km in fairly localised keels, but are generally 1000 rn to 2000 n1 thick over large sections of crust. Parts of thinner sections of supracrustal rocks
are modelled to be overlain by very thin (<400 m thick) sheets of Archean granitic rocks that may be in intrusive or tectonic contact. Regional modelling also suggests the presence of thin (~3 km thick), buried sheet-like Proterozoic granitic bodies. Modelling along the detailed
gravity traverses yields similar thicknesses of supracrustal rocks, generally between 500 m and 1700 m thick, which are also overlain by thin sheets of Archean granitic rocks. Modelled contacts between supracrustal units are typically very steep. A notable product of magnetic modelling is a large
volume of high 1nagnetic susceptibility iron formation distributed in many narrow, steep units extending from the surface or near-surface to depths ranging from about 1000 m to 1200 m. These depths probably represent minimum depths because of limitations in modelling steep, narrow bodies. Another
revelation of modelling is the large volumes of komatiite predicted as extensions of relatively small units of komatiite mapped at surface. Granitic bodies of possible Proterozoic age have been modelled in the upper crust. One extends vertically over about 4800 1n, whereas others ex tend no deeper
than 1400 m below surface.
Student perceptions of customer experience in a higher education environment
Authors: Le Roux Albertus , Van Rensburg Renier J.
Published: November 2014

Orientation: Higher education institutions (HEIs) are facing many challenges such as intense competition and a decrease in government subsidies. Creating more satisfied undergraduate students with a high level of loyalty can increase retention of students.Research purpose: The main aim of the study was to measure students’ level of loyalty, advocacy intentions and perceptions of customer experience during service encounters with administrative staff of the North-West University.Motivation for the study: Positive experiences by students on-campus can increase their satisfaction levels which will lead to an increased propensity for further studies, develop a sense of loyalty and increase advocacy intentions to promote the university to others.Research approach, design and method: This quantitative research followed a descriptive research design. Self-administered questionnaires were handed out to 1295 students on the 3 campuses of the university.Main findings: Students on the Potchefstroom campus show much higher loyalty and advocacy intentions than their counterparts on the Vaal and Mafikeng campuses. Overall the findings indicate that the students have very positive perceptions of the professional appearance of staff members, and also think that their personal information is handled in a secure manner. Male and female students did not differ in their levels of customer experience. European language-speaking students reported a higher level of customer experience compared to their African language-speaking counterparts. The customer experience levels of students in the Potchefstroom Faculty of Health Sciences are higher than students in the Vaal Faculty of Humanities.Practical/managerial implications: It could be beneficial for the management of tertiary institutions to gain insight into the sources or factors that constitute positive experiences for students, for example convenient opening hours and ease of contacting staff by telephone. The training of newly appointed and existing staff could also be enhanced when they are sensitised regarding students’ perceptions of positive customer experiences.Contribution/value-add: The adoption of strategies by HEIs to attract and retain students and render excellent services will result in loyal ambassadors who will demonstrate high advocacy intentions.
Die uitwerking van ’n intensiewe afrigtingsprogram op die kardiostresindeks
Authors: Du Toit Peet J. , St. Clair Gibson Alan , Wood Paola , Grant Catherina C. , Grimes Kristopher R. , Tope Avinash M. , Janse van Rensburg Christa , Van Rooyen Johannes M. , Mckune Andrew , Nortjé Evangeline , Fletcher Lizelle , Ferreira Ronel , Joubert Annie , Stander Andre
Published: November 2014

Armed service recruits are faced with many stressors, including a strenuous training regimen that may have an impact on their physiological functioning. The Cardio Stress Index (CSI) is a noninvasive marker of the stress that the heart is experiencing. The aim of the study was to test the physiological impact of 20 weeks of intense training of armed service recruits, using CSI as a noninvasive biomarker of cardiac stress. Armed service recruits are faced with many stressors, including a strenuous training regimen that may have an impact on their physiological functioning. The CSI is a noninvasive marker of the stress that the heart is experiencing. The calculation of the CSI is based on the duration of vascular excitation (QRS duration), heart rate, heart rhythm and standard deviation of the duration of time between each successive cardiac cycle (RR-interval). The aim of the present study was to test the physiological impact of 20 weeks of strenuous training of armed service recruits, using CSI as a noninvasive biomarker of cardiac stress. Experiments were conducted at three points in time (weeks 1, 12, 20) during the basic military training of armed service recruits (n = 202, males = 115, females = 87), aged between 18 and 24 years. Variables measured include: Resting CSI, heart rate and blood pressure. Data analysis was performed, using paired t-tests for pairwise comparisons of week 1 (baseline) with week 12; week 12 with week 20; and week 1 with week 20. The average CSI and heart rate remained within normal values for male participants on all three testing occasions. However, baseline readings for females were significantly higher during week 1. There was an overall decrease in the CSI in the 20 week time frame. From this study it seems as if the CSI measurement is a noninvasive method to establish the effects of training on the health of the heart.
Failure analysis of gas turbine blades in a gas turbine engine used for marine applications
Authors: Bhushana Rao V Naga , Kumar IN Niranjan , Prasad K Bala
Published: November 2014

High pressure temperature (HPT) turbine blade is the most important component of the gas turbine and failures in this turbine blade can have dramatic effect on the safety and performance of the gas turbine engine. This paper presents the failure analysis made on HPT turbine blades of 100 MW gas turbine used in marine applications. The gas turbine blade was made of Nickel based super alloys and was manufactured by investment casting method. The gas turbine blade under examination was operated at elevated temperatures in corrosive environmental attack such as oxidation, hot corrosion and sulphidation etc. The investigation on gas turbine blade included the activities like visual inspection, determination of material composition, microscopic examination and metallurgical analysis. Metallurgical examination reveals that there was no micro-structural damage due to blade operation at elevated temperatures. It indicates that the gas turbine was operated within the designed temperature conditions. It was observed that the blade might have suffered both corrosion (including HTHC & LTHC) and erosion. LTHC was prominent at the root of the blade while the regions near the tip of the blade were affected by the HTHC. It could be concluded that the turbine blade failure might be caused by multiple failure mechanisms such as hot corrosion, erosion and fatigue. Hot corrosion could have reduced the thickness of the blade material and thus weakened the blade. This reduction of the blade thickness decreases the fatigue strength which ultimately led to the failure of the turbine blade.Keywords: Failure analysis, Turbine blade failure, Superalloy, Hot corrosion, Sulphidation, Metallurgical examinationInternational Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology Vol. 6, No. 1, 2014, pp. 43-48
Composition of statins produced by indigenous strain of Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Gulyamova TG , Nasmetova SM , Ruzieva DM , Ziyavitdinov JF , Sattarova RS , Rasulova GA
Published: November 2014

Composition of statins produced by Aspergillus terreus 20 indigenous strain in submerged fermentation (SmF) has been studied. Identification of statin compounds in fungal extracts by LC-MS-MS analysis revealed 6 polyketide metabolites: lovastatin (LV) in lactone, acid and methyl ester forms, pravastatin (PV), monacolin L (ML) and simvastatin (SV). For the first time it has been revealed the ability producing simvastatin by A. terreus by direct fermentation.Keywords: Aspergillus terreus, statins, composition, HPLC, LC-MS-MS analysis, mass spectraInternational Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology Vol. 6, No. 1, 2014, pp. 71-76
Positive feedback of dust aerosol via its impact on atmospheric stability during dust storms in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Remy S. , Benedetti A. , Haiden T. , Jones L. , Razinger M. , Flemming J. , Engelen R. J. , Peuch V. H. , Thepaut J. N.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Aerosols affect the atmosphere through the aerosol-radiation and the aerosol-clouds interactions. In this paper we report on a new mechanism whereby the radiative effect of dust aerosol on surface fluxes acts to increase the dust loading of the atmosphere via modification of boundary-layer stability, thereby acting to enhance the radiative aerosol effect. This positive feedback between dust aerosol and boundary layer stability occurred during a series of dust storms in the Sahara and the Eastern Mediterranean in April 2012, which were studied using the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate – Interim Implementation (MACC-II) system. The radiative fluxes in the shortwave and long-wave spectra were both significantly affected by the prognostic aerosols-radiation interation, which strongly influenced the meteorological simulation. Reduced incoming solar radiation below the aerosol layers caused a decrease in maximum surface temperatures, and consequently a more stable thermal stratification of the lower atmosphere. The increased thermal stability led to decreased surface wind speeds and therefore to smaller amounts of dust aerosol emissions. Larger downwelling long-wave fluxes were associated with the opposite processes: less stable thermal stratification at night, brought mainly by higher minimum temperatures at the surface, caused stronger surface winds. Overall, the impact by the long-wave radiative forcing was more important than the short-wave contribution. This feedback was amplified when taken into account in the aerosol analysis of the MACC-II global system. It lead to a notable improvement in short term forecast of short and long-wave radiative fluxes, of surface temperature but also of the aerosol burden itself. Forecasts of radiative fluxes in the shortwave and long-wave spectrum were also improved. At a longer range the improvement were less important as the forecast error of the aerosol load increased, thereby highlighting the importance of accurate aerosol representation in the study of aerosol-radiation interaction.
Wind-driven changes in the ocean carbon sink
Authors: Swart N. C. , Fyfe J. C. , Saenko O. A. , Eby M.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. We estimate changes in the historical ocean carbon sink and their uncertainty using an ocean biogeochemical model driven with wind forcing from six different reanalyses and using two different eddy parameterization schemes. First, we quantify wind-induced changes over the extended period from 1871 to 2010 using the 20th Century Reanalysis winds. Consistent with previous shorter-term studies, we find that the wind changes act to reduce the ocean carbon sink, but the wind-induced trends are subject to large uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty is the parameterization of mesoscale eddies in our coarse resolution simulations. Trends in the Southern Ocean residual meridional overturning circulation and the globally integrated surface carbon flux over 1950 to 2010 are about 2.5 times smaller when using a variable eddy transfer coefficient than when using a constant coefficient in this parameterization. A second major source of uncertainty arises from disagreement on historical wind trends. By comparing six reanalyses over 1980 to 2010, we show that there are statistically significant differences in estimated historical wind trends, which vary in both sign and magnitude amongst the products. Through simulations forced with these reanalysis winds, we show that the influence of historical wind changes on ocean carbon uptake is highly uncertain, and the resulting trends depend on the choice of surface wind product.
Twelve thousand years of dust: the Holocene global dust cycle constrained by natural archives
Authors: Albani S. , Mahowald N. M. , Winckler G. , Anderson R. F. , Bradtmiller L. I. , Delmonte B. , François R. , Goman M. , Heavens N. G. , Hesse P. P. , Hovan S. A. , Kohfeld K. E. , Lu H. , Maggi V. , Mason J. A. , Mayewski P. A. , McGee D. , Miao X. , Otto-Bliesner B. L. , Perry A. T. , Pourmand A. , Roberts H. M. , Rosenbloom N. , Stevens T. , Sun J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Mineral dust plays an important role in the climate system by interacting with radiation, clouds, and biogeochemical cycles. In addition, natural archives show that the dust cycle experienced variability in the past in response to global and local climate change. The compilation of the DIRTMAP paleodust datasets in the last two decades provided a target for paleoclimate models that include the dust cycle, following a time slice approach. We propose an innovative framework to organize a paleodust dataset that moves on from the positive experience of DIRTMAP and takes into account new scientific challenges, by providing a concise and accessible dataset of temporally resolved records of dust mass accumulation rates and particle grain-size distributions. We consider data from ice cores, marine sediments, loess/paleosol sequences, lake sediments, and peat bogs for this compilation, with a temporal focus on the Holocene period. This global compilation allows investigation of the potential, uncertainties and confidence level of dust mass accumulation rates reconstructions, and highlights the importance of dust particle size information for accurate and quantitative reconstructions of the dust cycle. After applying criteria that help to establish that the data considered represent changes in dust deposition, 43 paleodust records have been identified, with the highest density of dust deposition data occurring in the North Atlantic region. Although the temporal evolution of dust in the North Atlantic appears consistent across several cores and suggest that minimum dust fluxes are likely observed during the Early to mid-Holocene period (6000–8000 years ago), the magnitude of dust fluxes in these observations is not fully consistent, suggesting that more work needs to be done to synthesize datasets for the Holocene. Based on the data compilation, we used the Community Earth System Model to estimate the mass balance and variability of the global dust cycle during the Holocene, with dust load ranging from 17.1 to 20.5 Tg between 2000 and 10 000 years ago, and a minimum in the Early to Mid-Holocene (6000–8000 years ago).
Climate impact research: beyond patchwork
Authors: Huber V. , Schellnhuber H. J. , Arnell N. W. , Frieler K. , Friend A. D. , Gerten D. , Haddeland I. , Kabat P. , Lotze-Campen H. , Lucht W. , Parry M. , Piontek F. , Rosenzweig C. , Schewe J. , Warszawski L.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Despite significant progress in climate impact research, the narratives that science can presently piece together of a 2, 3, 4, or 5 °C warmer world remain fragmentary. Here we briefly review past undertakings to characterise comprehensively and quantify climate impacts based on multi-model approaches. We then report on the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP), a community-driven effort to compare impact models across sectors and scales systematically, and to quantify the uncertainties along the chain from greenhouse gas emissions and climate input data to the modelling of climate impacts themselves. We show how ISI-MIP and similar efforts can substantially advance the science relevant to impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, and we outline the steps that need to be taken in order to make the most of the available modelling tools. We discuss pertinent limitations of these methods and how they could be tackled. We argue that it is time to consolidate the current patchwork of impact knowledge through integrated cross-sectoral assessments, and that the climate impact community is now in a favourable position to do so.
The role of diffraction effects in extreme runup inundation at Okushiri Island due to 1993 tsunami
Authors: Kim K. O. , Kim D. C. , Choi B. H. , Jung K. T. , Yuk J. H. , Pelinovsky E.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The tsunami generated on 12 July 1993 by Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki earthquake (Mw = 7.8) has brought about the maximum wave run-up of 31.7 m, the highest record in Japan of 20th century, near the Monai Valley on the west coast of the Okushiri island (Hokkaido Tsunami Survey Group, 1993). To reproduce the extreme run-up height the three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model (Flow Science, 2012) denoted by NH-model has been locally applied with open boundary conditions supplied in an offline manner by the three-dimensional hydrostatic model (Ribeiro et al., 2011) denoted by H-model which is sufficiently large to cover the entire fault region with one-way nested multiple domains. For the initial water deformation Okada's fault model (1985) using the 3 sub-fault parameters is applied. Three non-hydrostatic model experiments have been performed, namely experiment without island, with one island and with two islands. The experiments with one island and with two islands give rise to values close to the observation with maximum run-up heights of about 32.3 and 30.8 m, respectively, while the experiment without islands gives rise to about 25.2 m. The diffraction of tsunami wave primarily by Muen Island located at the South and the southward topographic guiding of tsunami run-up at the coast are as in the laboratory simulation (Yoneyama et al., 2002) found to result in the extreme run-up height near the Monai Valley. The presence of Hira Island enhances the diffraction of tsunami waves but its contribution to the extreme run-up height is marginal.
Thin-ice dynamics and ice production in the Storfjorden polynya for winter-seasons 2002/2003–2013/2014 using MODIS thermal infrared imagery
Authors: Preußer A. , Willmes S. , Heinemann G. , Paul S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Spatial and temporal characteristics of the Storfjorden polynya, which forms regularly in the proximity of the islands Spitsbergen, Barentsøya and Edgeøya in the Svalbard archipelago under the influence of strong north-easterly winds, have been investigated for the period 2002/2003 to 2013/2014 using thermal infrared satellite imagery. Thin-ice thicknesses were calculated from MODIS ice-surface temperatures, combined with ECMWF ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data in an energy-balance model. Based on calculated thin-ice thicknesses, associated quantities like polynya area and total ice production were derived and compared to previous remote sensing and modeling studies. A basic coverage-correction scheme was applied to account for cloud-gaps in the daily composites. The sea ice in the Storfjorden area experiences a late fall freeze-up in several years over the 12 winter-period, with an increasing frequency of large polynya events until the end of December. During the regarded period, the mean polynya area is 4555.7 ± 1542.9 km2. The average ice production in the fjord is estimated with 28.3 ± 8.5 km3 per winter and therefore lower than in previous studies. Despite this comparatively short record of 12 winter-seasons, a significant positive trend of 20.2 km3 per decade could be detected, which contrasts earlier reports of a slightly negative trend in accumulated ice production prior to 2002. Derived estimates underline the importance of this relatively small coastal polynya system considering its contribution to the cold halocline layer through salt release during ice formation processes.
Neospora caninum seroprevalence and risk factors for ewes from Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil
Authors: Moura Anderson Barbosa de , Güths Marcelo Felipe , Farias Juliana Antunes , Souza Antonio Pereira de , Sartor Amélia Aparecida , Quadros Rosiléia Marinho de
Published: November 2014

Neospora caninum can cause reproductive problems and economic losses in sheep flock. In order to evaluate N. canium seroprevalence and to identify risk factors, blood samples were collected from 1,308 ewes at 92 properties in 30 municipalities of Santa Catarina Plateau, southern Brazil. The antibodies against N. caninum were detected by Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT, ≥1:50) and the seropositive were titrated in serial twofold up to a maximum dilution. Data concerning animal management and information about reproductive problems were obtained from questionnaires. The results were tabulated and analyzed using the Fisher’s exact and Chi-Square tests (P<0.05). Among the 1,308 animals evaluated, 92 (7%) were seropositive to N. caninum. The titers observed varied from 1:50 to 1:3200. In 39 (42.4%) properties there was at least one infected animal. Breed (P=0.0249) and contact with cattle (P=0.0491) showed correlation with the prevalence of N. caninum. No association was found between N. caninum serology and reproductive disorders.
A case of a superficial spreading melanoma in situ diagnosed via digital dermoscopic monitoring with high dynamic range conversion
Authors: Sato Toshitsugu , Tanaka Masaru
Published: November 2014

A 48-year-old woman presented with a 3 mm, pigmented macule at her first visit to our clinic. The macule, which showed complete symmetry and a typical network, was tentatively diagnosed as a Clark nevus; a 6-month follow-up was recommended, and the patient returned 7 months later. At the second visit, the lesion had enlarged to a diameter of 5 mm, and dermoscopy revealed that it had maintained its typical pigment network. At this point, evidence-based monitoring would have led to excision but the decision was made to continue monitoring. Owing to poor compliance, the patient went another 2 years without follow-up. When we assess small lesions, such as this, the usefulness of dermoscopy is apparent. Additionally, we examined the benefits and drawbacks of high dynamic range (HDR) conversion of the dermoscopy images and their helpfulness for inspecting small lesions. Although the delicate structures present in the lesion can be recognized by a dermoscopy expert and HDR image conversion has a capacity to highlight important structures, there is also a risk that HDR image conversion may mask some of the structural changes. However, a comparison of the original dermoscopy images with the HDR-converted images provides newly trained dermoscopists the opportunity to recognize new findings and to distinguish the differences in the findings between both the types of images. Therefore, such comparisons might be useful for obtaining an accurate diagnosis by using dermoscopy and HDR image conversion.
Dermoscopic findings in bowenoid papulosis: report of two cases
Authors: Marcucci Carolina , Cohen Sabban Emilia , Friedman Paula , Peralta Rosario , Calb Ignacio , Cabo Horacio
Published: November 2014

Bowenoid papulosis (BP) corresponds to an in situ squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) located in the anogenital region. It is related to HPV, and presents with gray-brown elevated papules or plaques. A biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis; however, dermoscopy may be useful to differentiate this disease from other conditions, such as genital warts, seborrheic keratosis and lichen planus. In this paper we describe the dermoscopic findings in two patients with this disease.
Haematological Profiles of Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffaloes Under Heat Stress-Alleviated Conditions During Sub-tropical Summer Season
Authors: Das K. S. , Singh J. K. , Nayan V.
Published: November 2014

The experiment was conducted using forty two Nili-Ravi lactating buffaloes of Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Regional Station-Bir Dosanjh, Nabha, Patiala, Punjab to investigate the effect of heat stress-alleviated conditions on haematological profile in Nili-Ravi buffaloes during hot-dry (HD) and hot-humid (HH) season. All buffaloes were uniformly divided into two groups of twenty one in each group considering their lactation number, stage of lactation, body weight, dam’s milk yield and milk yield in current lactation. Out of which ten buffaloes from each group were selected for blood sampling considering those above factors. The control (T0) group were kept in a separate shed without any extra nutrient supplementation and modification in microclimate and management. The treatment (T1) group was supplemented with niacin@6 gm/buffalo/day, yeast@10 gm/buffalo/day and mustard oil @150gms/buffalo/day. They were provided curtains and mist fans in the shed. Feeding time, frequency and type of ration were also altered. During HD period, T0 group exhibited higher (P<0.002, P<0.05) WBC (17.2 x 109 /L), and lymphocyte (12.52 x 109 /L) counts and lymphocyte per cent (69.46 %) than T1 group (12.32 x 10 9 /L, 7.32 x 10 9 /L and 59.68%, respectively). Similar results were recorded during hot humid season in T0 and T1 group. The neutrophil per cent differed significantly between T0 and T1 group under HD (P<0.001) and HH (P<0.006) season. The study indicated that heat stress during sub-tropical summer months affected the haematology of lactating buffaloes and the stress could be reduced through the change (use of fans and curtains, nutritional supplementations, and feeding alterations together in the form of one package) of microclimate.
Technique de mise en pages, crise économique et journalisme d’opinion : Le Courrier de Saint-Hyacinthe de 1920 à 1938
Authors: Gaudreau Guy , Tremblay Micheline
Published: November 2014

Cet article, richement illustré, examine l’évolution de la technique de mise en pages du Courrier de Saint-Hyacinthe entre 1920 et 1938, en la comparant avec celle d’un journal concurrent, Le Clairon. Excluant l’analyse de contenu des articles, ce texte s’intéresse à la composition et à l’évolution de la une, à l’ordre et à l’emplacement des chroniques des pages intérieures, ainsi qu’aux facteurs ayant mené à leurs transformations. Outre la crise, qui pèse lourdement sur les finances des entreprises de presse, divers développements technologiques peuvent aussi influer sur l’évolution de la mise en page. L’utilisation faite de la photographie dans la composition du Courrier, le fait que celui-ci est un hebdomadaire plutôt qu’un quotidien, et sa vocation comme journal d’opinion laissent toutefois présager que les choix techniques dépendent de plusieurs facteurs qui ne sont pas que technologiques.
Integration of altimetric lake levels and GRACE gravimetry over Africa: Inferences for terrestrial water storage change 2003–2011
Authors: Moore P. , Williams S. D. P.
Published: November 2014

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) change for 2003–2011 is estimated over Africa from GRACE gravimetric data. The signatures from change in water of the major lakes are removed by utilizing kernel functions with lake heights recovered from retracked ENVISAT satellite altimetry. In addition, the contribution of gravimetric change due to soil moisture and biomass is removed from the total GRACE signal by utilizing the GLDAS land surface model. The residual TWS time series, namely groundwater and the surface waters in rivers, wetlands, and small lakes, are investigated for trends and the seasonal cycle using linear regression. Typically, such analyses assume that the data are temporally uncorrelated but this has been shown to lead to erroneous inferences in related studies concerning the linear rate and acceleration. In this study, we utilize autocorrelation and investigate the appropriate stochastic model. The results show the proper distribution of TWS change and identify the spatial distribution of significant rates and accelerations. The effect of surface water in the major lakes is shown to contribute significantly to the trend and seasonal variation in TWS in the lake basin. Lake Volta, a managed reservoir in Ghana, is seen to have a contribution to the linear trend that is a factor of three greater than that of Lake Victoria despite having a surface area one‐eighth of that of Lake Victoria. Analysis also shows the confidence levels of the deterministic trend and acceleration identifying areas where the signatures are most likely due to a physical deterministic cause and not simply stochastic variations.
Inverse modeling of geochemical and mechanical compaction in sedimentary basins through Polynomial Chaos Expansion
Authors: Porta G. , Tamellini L. , Lever V. , Riva M.
Published: November 2014

We present an inverse modeling procedure for the estimation of model parameters of sedimentary basins subject to compaction driven by mechanical and geochemical processes. We consider a sandstone basin whose dynamics are governed by a set of unknown key quantities. These include geophysical and geochemical system attributes as well as pressure and temperature boundary conditions. We derive a reduced (or surrogate) model of the system behavior based on generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion (gPCE) approximations, which are directly linked to the variance‐based Sobol indices associated with the selected uncertain model parameters. Parameter estimation is then performed within a Maximum Likelihood (ML) framework. We then study the way the ML inversion procedure can benefit from the adoption of anisotropic polynomial approximations (a‐gPCE) in which the surrogate model is refined only with respect to selected parameters according to an analysis of the nonlinearity of the input‐output mapping, as quantified through the Sobol sensitivity indices. Results are illustrated for a one‐dimensional setting involving quartz cementation and mechanical compaction in sandstones. The reliability of gPCE and a‐gPCE approximations in the context of the inverse modeling framework is assessed. The effects of (a) the strategy employed to build the surrogate model, leading either to a gPCE or a‐gPCE representation, and (b) the type and quality of calibration data on the goodness of the parameter estimates is then explored.
Truncating mutations in the last exon of NOTCH3 cause lateral meningocele syndrome
Authors: Gripp Karen W. , Robbins Katherine M. , Sobreira Nara L. , Witmer P. Dane , Bird Lynne M. , Avela Kristiina , Makitie Outi , Alves Daniela , Hogue Jacob S. , Zackai Elaine H. , Doheny Kimberly F. , Stabley Deborah L. , Sol‐Church Katia
Published: November 2014

Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS, OMIM%130720), also known as Lehman syndrome, is a very rare skeletal disorder with facial anomalies, hypotonia and meningocele‐related neurologic dysfunction. The characteristic lateral meningoceles represent the severe end of the dural ectasia spectrum and are typically most severe in the lower spine. Facial features of LMS include hypertelorism and telecanthus, high arched eyebrows, ptosis, midfacial hypoplasia, micrognathia, high and narrow palate, low‐set ears and a hypotonic appearance. Hyperextensibility, hernias and scoliosis reflect a connective tissue abnormality, and aortic dilation, a high‐pitched nasal voice, wormian bones and osteolysis may be present. Lateral meningocele syndrome has phenotypic overlap with Hajdu–Cheney syndrome. We performed exome resequencing in five unrelated individuals with LMS and identified heterozygous truncating NOTCH3 mutations. In an additional unrelated individual Sanger sequencing revealed a deleterious variant in the same exon 33. In total, five novel de novo NOTCH3 mutations were identified in six unrelated patients. One had a 26 bp deletion (c.6461_6486del, p.G2154fsTer78), two carried the same single base pair insertion (c.6692_93insC, p.P2231fsTer11), and three individuals had a nonsense point mutation at c.6247A > T (pK2083*), c.6663C > G (p.Y2221*) or c.6732C > A, (p.Y2244*). All mutations cluster into the last coding exon, resulting in premature termination of the protein and truncation of the negative regulatory proline‐glutamate‐serine‐threonine rich PEST domain. Our results suggest that mutant mRNA products escape nonsense mediated decay. The truncated NOTCH3 may cause gain‐of‐function through decreased clearance of the active intracellular product, resembling NOTCH2 mutations in the clinically related Hajdu–Cheney syndrome and contrasting the NOTCH3 missense mutations causing CADASIL. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction of Matryoshka‐Type Structures from Supercharged Protein Nanocages
Authors: Beck Tobias , Tetter Stephan , Künzle Matthias , Hilvert Donald
Published: November 2014

Designing nanoscaled hierarchical structures with increasing levels of complexity is challenging. Here we show that electrostatic interactions between two complementarily supercharged protein nanocages can be effectively utilized to create nested Matryoshka‐type structures. Cage‐within‐cage complexes containing spatially ordered iron oxide nanoparticles spontaneously self‐assemble upon mixing positively supercharged ferritin compartments with AaLS‐13, a larger shell‐forming protein with a negatively supercharged lumen. Exploiting engineered Coulombic interactions and protein dynamics in this way opens up new avenues for creating hierarchically organized supramolecular assemblies for application as delivery vehicles, reaction chambers, and artificial organelles.
Three‐Dimensional Mid‐Infrared Tomographic Imaging of Endogenous and Exogenous Molecules in a Single Intact Cell with Subcellular Resolution
Authors: Quaroni Luca , Obst Martin , Nowak Marcus , Zobi Fabio
Published: November 2014

Microscopy in the mid‐infrared spectral range provides detailed chemical information on a sample at moderate spatial resolution and is being used increasingly in the characterization of biological entities as challenging as single cells. However, a conventional cellular 2D imaging measurement is limited in its ability to associate specific compositional information to subcellular structures because of the interference from the complex topography of the sample. Herein we provide a method and protocols that overcome this challenge in which tilt‐series infrared tomography is used with a standard benchtop infrared microscope. This approach gives access to the quantitative 3D distribution of molecular components based on the intrinsic contrast provided by the sample. We demonstrate the method by quantifying the distribution of an exogenous metal carbonyl complex throughout the cell and by reporting changes in its coordination sphere in different locations in the cell.
Stepwise Halide‐Triggered Double and Triple Catenation of Self‐Assembled Coordination Cages
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Lübben Jens , Dittrich Birger , Clever Guido H.
Published: November 2014

A simple self‐assembled [Pd2L4] coordination cage consisting of four carbazole‐based ligands was found to dimerize into the interpenetrated double cage [3 X@Pd4L8] upon the addition of 1.5 equivalents of halide anions (X=Cl−, Br−). The halide anions serve as templates, as they are sandwiched by four PdII cations and occupy the three pockets of the entangled cage structure. The subsequent addition of larger amounts of the same halide triggers another structural conversion, now yielding a triply catenated link structure in which each PdII node is trans‐coordinated by two pyridine donors and two halide ligands. This simple system demonstrates how molecular complexity can increase upon a gradual change of the relative concentrations of reaction partners that are able to serve different structural roles.
Lime mud CaCO3 for use as a filler material in papermaking: Impact of its preflocculation with cationic polyacrylamide
Authors: Peng Yuan , He Beihai , Zhao Lihong
Published: November 2014

Cationic polyacrylamide with different molecular weights were used to preflocculate the lime mud (LM) before it was added to the paper stock for handsheet preparation. The particle sizes, ζ potential, and morphology of the unpreflocculated and resulting preflocculated LM were studied. We found that high‐molecular‐weight cationic polyacrylamide (H‐CPAM) led to larger LM flocs with a more positive ζ potential. The scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the morphological structure of the filler hardly changed during the preflocculation process. The effects of the preflocculation on the filler retention and paper properties were also investigated. The results show that the handsheets filled with preflocculated LM had better hydrophobicity and strength properties compared to handsheets filled with unpreflocculated LM, especially for H‐CPAM‐preflocculated LM. The paper formation was also improved, and the optical properties nearly remained the same. In addition, the LM preflocculated with H‐CPAM had the highest filler retention. At a filler loading of 30%, the filler retention of the H‐CPAM‐preflocculated LM was higher than 86; it was less than 82.5% in other cases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41640.
Connecting MPAs – eight challenges for science and management
Authors: Lagabrielle Erwann , Crochelet Estelle , Andrello Marco , Schill Steven R. , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie , Alloncle Neil , Ponge Benjamin
Published: November 2014

Connectivity is a crucial process underpinning the persistence, recovery, and productivity of marine ecosystems. The Convention on Biological Diversity, through the Aichi Target 11, has set the ambitious objective of implementing a ‘well connected system of protected areas’ by 2020.

This paper identifies eight challenges toward the integration of connectivity into MPA network management and planning. A summary table lists the main recommendations in terms of method, tool, advice, or action to address each of these challenges. Authors belong to a science–management continuum including researchers, international NGO officers, and national MPA agency members.

Three knowledge challenges are addressed: selecting and integrating connectivity measurement metrics; assessing the accuracy and uncertainty of connectivity measurements; and communicating and visualizing connectivity measurements.

Three management challenges are described: integrating connectivity into the planning and management of MPA networks; setting quantitative connectivity targets; and implementing connectivity‐based management across scales and marine jurisdictions.

Finally, two paths toward a better integration of connectivity science with MPA management are proposed: setting management‐driven priorities for connectivity research, bridging connectivity science, and MPA network management.

There is no single method to integrate connectivity into marine spatial planning. Rather, an array of methods can be assembled according to the MPA network objectives, budget, available skills, data, and timeframe.

Overall, setting up ‘boundary organizations’ should be promoted to organize complex cross‐disciplinary, cross‐sectoral and cross‐jurisdiction interactions that are needed between scientists, managers, stakeholders and decision‐makers to make informed decision regarding connectivity‐based MPA planning and management.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Catlin Seaview Survey – kilometre‐scale seascape assessment, and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems
Authors: González‐Rivero Manuel , Bongaerts Pim , Beijbom Oscar , Pizarro Oscar , Friedman Ariell , Rodriguez‐Ramirez Alberto , Upcroft Ben , Laffoley Dan , Kline David , Bailhache Christophe , Vevers Richard , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove
Published: November 2014

Marine ecosystems provide critically important goods and services to society, and hence their accelerated degradation underpins an urgent need to take rapid, ambitious and informed decisions regarding their conservation and management.

The capacity, however, to generate the detailed field data required to inform conservation planning at appropriate scales is limited by time and resource consuming methods for collecting and analysing field data at the large scales required.

The ‘Catlin Seaview Survey’, described here, introduces a novel framework for large‐scale monitoring of coral reefs using high‐definition underwater imagery collected using customized underwater vehicles in combination with computer vision and machine learning. This enables quantitative and geo‐referenced outputs of coral reef features such as habitat types, benthic composition, and structural complexity (rugosity) to be generated across multiple kilometre‐scale transects with a spatial resolution ranging from 2 to 6 m2.

The novel application of technology described here has enormous potential to contribute to our understanding of coral reefs and associated impacts by underpinning management decisions with kilometre‐scale measurements of reef health.

Imagery datasets from an initial survey of 500 km of seascape are freely available through an online tool called the Catlin Global Reef Record. Outputs from the image analysis using the technologies described here will be updated on the online repository as work progresses on each dataset.

Case studies illustrate the utility of outputs as well as their potential to link to information from remote sensing. The potential implications of the innovative technologies on marine resource management and conservation are also discussed, along with the accuracy and efficiency of the methodologies deployed.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating official marine protected area coverage for Aichi Target 11: appraising the data and methods that define our progress
Authors: Thomas Hannah L , Macsharry Brian , Morgan Lance , Kingston Naomi , Moffitt Russell , Stanwell‐Smith Damon , Wood Louisa
Published: November 2014

The adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, along with the 20 Aichi Targets, is a strong political endorsement for integrating biodiversity strategy across the entire United Nations system. Aichi Targets represent specific, time‐bound drivers for governments to safeguard both marine and terrestrial biodiversity.

For the marine environment, Aichi Target 11 represents a call to effectively conserve at least 10% of coastal and marine areas by 2020. The core indicator to measure Aichi Target 11 is the extent of protected area coverage, and therefore it is essential that MPA data used to calculate this metric are robust.

The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is the authoritative source of data for measuring Aichi Target coverage progress. The WDPA assimilates global protected areas data as officially reported by the UN Member States themselves.

Analysis of the WDPA (August 2014) calculated that MPAs now cover approximately 12,300,000 km2 or 3.41% of the world's ocean. Only 0.59% of the global ocean area (2 163 661 km2 within 1124 areas) is protected in no‐take areas.

Only gathering and using State-sanctioned information may affect the accuracy of the WDPA MPA data. However, it is essential to first and foremost recognize national sovereignty and the rights of the Member State data providers in order to maintain a comprehensive approach to data gathering while ensuring international support for the resulting coverage figures that are used to measure global environmental targets.

Further improvements could be made to the MPA data, for example by refining current MPA attributes and working with Member States and conventions to reduce or remove point data in the system. Moreover, broadening the scope of the WDPA to allow the inclusion of clearly marked non‐State‐sanctioned sites would complement existing official data and facilitate dialogue between Member States and other data providers towards MPA data improvement.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.