bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D deficiency in children with latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Slаschevа D. M. , Petrushinа A. D. , Brynzа N. S. , Chernovа А. P. , Pirogovа N. D. , Sosnovskаya S. V.
Published: July 2020

The objective:to assess the level of vitamin D and parameters of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in children with latent tuberculosis infection.

Subjects and methods.40 children from 3 to 17 years were enrolled in the study, they all had the abnormal reaction to Mantoux test with 2 TU but no clinical, radiological and bacteriological signs of active tuberculosis; 39 of them received preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection during the study. The following parameters were tested: blood level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcidiol, 25(OH)D) (the level of less than 10 ng/ml was considered as pronounce severe deficiency, the level of 11-20 ng/ml as moderate deficiency, 21-29 ng/ml – minor deficiency, above 30 ng/ml – an adequate level of vitamin D); total calcium, and ionized calcium.

Results:87.5% (14/16) of children from the group of 3-6 years old and 96% (23/24) of children from the group of 7-17 years old were found to have vitamin D deficiency;p> 0.05. The blood level of total calcium and ionized calcium in all children was within the age norm.
Zastosowanie radioimmunoterapii w leczeniu chłoniaków
Authors: Kuta Mikołaj , Pietrzak Agata
Published: July 2020

Radioimmunoterapia (z ang. radioimmunotherapy; RIT) jest metodą leczenia ukierunkowanego biologicznie, wykorzystywaną u chorych z rozpoznanym chłoniakiem nieziarnicznym z komórek B (z ang. non-Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL). RIT może być stosowany jest jako metoda pierwszego rzutu, a także element leczenia skojarzonego z chemioterapią. Pomimo uznanej skuteczności w leczeniu NHL, RIT jest rzadko stosowana.
RESTABELECIMENTO DA ESTÉTICA DO SORRISO COM LAMINADOS CERÂMICOS
Authors: Abrantes Priscila Silva , De Araújo Isabela Dantas Torres , Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , De Assunção Isauremi Vieira
Published: July 2020

Introdução: A estética é uma preocupação do ser humano, tendo o sorriso nesse contexto um papel fundamental. Dessa forma, os laminados cerâmicos, caracterizados pelo recobrimento da face vestibular do elemento dental e restabelecimento estético do sorriso, com desgaste minimamente invasivo, vem sendo bastante indicado. Objetivo: relatar o restabelecimento do sorriso por meio da reanatomização de dentes anteriores com laminados cerâmicos a fim de realizar o fechamento de diastemas e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente que possuía prejuízo estético e funcional. O trabalho salienta desde a estética até a manutenção da saúde bucal, passando pelas fases de clareamento até a cimentação dos laminados, proporcionado por um tratamento integrado. Descrição do Caso: Paciente de 25 anos, sexo masculino, não apresentava exposição dos elementos dentários superiores, caracterizando um envelhecimento facial, além de dentes curtos, com diastemas e coloração amarelada. Conclusão: Conseguiu-se alcançar forma e estética com mínimo desgaste dentário e devolução da jovialidade do paciente.
TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES E MANIFESTAÇÕES ORAIS EM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Gustavo Martins Chimbinha Ítalo , Do Nascimento Jácome Anielle , Gomes da Silva Gabriel , Janyara do Rego Barreto Mayara , Do Céu Clara Costa Iris
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Os transtornos alimentares são distúrbios psiquiátricos debilitantes, caracterizados por desordem persistente nos hábitos alimentares ou nos comportamentos do controle de massa corporal. Objetivo: Avaliar, dentre adolescentes de três escolas públicas de ensino médio em Natal-RN, a prevalência dos transtornos alimentares e descrever manifestações odontológicas relacionadas. Metodologia: Estudo realizado em duas fases, utilizando-se um questionário autoaplicável, Body Shape Questionnaire-BSQ para selecionar a amostra. Os selecionados foram submetidos a uma avaliação partindo da história médica pregressa e exame clinico odontológico, para diagnosticar as manifestações orais presentes. Resultados: Fase 1: Dos 231 alunos que responderam o questionário, 9 foram selecionados. No exame clínico observou-se que 22,2% dos avaliados apresentavam perda inicial da textura da superfície dentária na face palatina do segundo sextante, em 77,7% constatou-se hipertrofia da glândula parótida, 66,6% obtiveram escore 2 no Registro Periodontal Simplificado (PSR) e 11,1% dos examinados tinha queilite angular. Na fase 2: Dos 264 estudantes que responderam ao BSQ, 29 estavam abaixo do peso, 164 jovens apresentavam peso ideal, 24 peso muito abaixo do normal, enquanto a situação de sobrepeso foi observada em 47 estudantes. Quanto ao questionário 25 (9%) apresentaram algum grau de distúrbio de distorção de imagem corporal, dentre os quais 80% do sexo feminino e 20% do sexo masculino. Conclusões: Foram encontrados episódios de regurgitação associados a má nutrição e incorreta higienização da cavidade oral que favoreceu o aparecimento de alterações bucais. As principais manifestações encontradas foram: erosão dentária (22,2%), hipertrofia das glândulas salivares parótidas (77,7%), escore 2 no Registro Periodontal Simplificado-PSR (66,6%) e queilite angular (11,1%). É fundamental instrumentalizar o cirurgião-dentista a reconhecer tais manifestações, a trabalhar com abordagem multidisciplinar visando a melhoria da qualidade de vida do jovem, tratando as sequelas e ajudando-o a superar suas necessidades. A maior limitação do estudo foi o encaminhamento desses jovens para tratamento.
Serum Uric Acid Level as a Predictive Biomarker of Gestational Hypertension Severity; A Prospective Observational Case-Control Study
Authors: Sakr Hader I. , Khowailed Akef A. , Al-Fakharany Reham S. , Abdel-Fattah Dina S. , Taha Ahmed A.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Pre-eclampsia poses a significant potential risk of hypertensive disorders
during pregnancy, a leading cause of maternal deaths. Hyperuricemia is associated with adverse effects
on endothelial function, normal cellular metabolism, and platelet aggregation and adhesion.
This study was designed to compare serum urate levels in normotensive pregnant women to those
with pregnancy-induced hypertension, and to evaluate its value as a potential predictive marker of
hypertension severity during pregnancy.

Methods:

A prospective, observational, case-control study conducted on 100 pregnant women in
their third trimester. Pregnant women were classified into two groups (n=50) according to arterial
blood pressure measurements: group I had normal blood pressure, and group II had a blood pressure
of ≥ 140/90, which was further subdivided according to hypertension severity into IIa (pregnancy-
induced hypertension, IIb (mild pre-eclampsia), and IIc (severe pre-eclampsia). Blood samples
were obtained on admission. Serum urate, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-1β
levels, and lipid profile were compared among the groups.

Results:

A significant increase in the mean values of serum urate, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-
1β levels was detected in gestational hypertensives. In addition, there was a positive correlation
between serum urate levels and C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β, as well as between serum
urate levels and hypertension severity.

Conclusion:

Hyperuricemia and increased C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β serum levels correlate
with the severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and these biomarkers may play a role in
the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Serum urate measurement is sensitive, reliable markers that correlate
well with the severity of hypertension in pregnant females with pre-eclampsia.
Clinometric Gait Analysis Using Smart Insoles in Patients With Hemiplegia After Stroke: Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Seo Minseok , Shin Myung-Jun , Park Tae Sung , Park Jong-Hwan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

For effective rehabilitation after stroke, it is essential to conduct an objective assessment of the patient’s functional status. Several stroke severity scales have been used for this purpose, but such scales have various limitations.

OBJECTIVE

Gait analysis using smart insole technology can be applied continuously, objectively, and quantitatively, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of other assessment tools.

METHODS

To confirm the reliability of gait analysis using smart insole technology, normal healthy controls wore insoles in their shoes during the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The gait parameters were compared with the manually collected data. To determine the gait characteristics of patients with hemiplegia due to stroke, they were asked to wear insoles and take the TUG test; gait parameters were calculated and compared with those of control subjects. To investigate whether the gait analysis accurately reflected the patients’ clinical condition, we analyzed the relationships of 22 gait parameters on 4 stroke severity scales.

RESULTS

The smart insole gait parameter data were similar to those calculated manually. Among the 18 gait parameters tested, 14 were significantly effective at distinguishing patients from healthy controls. The smart insole data revealed that the stance duration on both sides was longer in patients than controls, which has proven difficult to show using other methods. Furthermore, the sound side in patients showed a markedly longer stance duration. Regarding swing duration, that of the sound side was shorter in patients than controls, whereas that of the hemiplegic side was longer. We identified 10 significantly correlated gait parameters on the stroke severity scales. Notably, the difference in stance duration between the sound and hemiplegic sides was significantly correlated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) lower extremity score.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirmed the feasibility and applicability of the smart insole as a device to assess the gait of patients with hemiplegia due to stroke. In addition, we demonstrated that the FMA score was significantly correlated with the smart insole data. Providing an environment where stroke patients can easily measure walking ability helps to maintain chronic functions as well as acute rehabilitation.

CLINICALTRIAL

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000041646, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000047538
El Concepto de estrategia y la Nueva Etnohistoria
Authors: Ramos Alejandra , Chiappe Carlos Maria
Published: July 2020

In this article we review the use of the concept of strategy in the social sciences in particular in the field of Andean Ethnohistory. We focus on the phase called Nueva Etnohistoria (1980 and later), a moment of transcontinental consolidation of this interdisciplinary field. The sources of information used in this study consist of relevant collective publications and unpublished documents related to the organization of the I International Congress of Ethnohistory. With respect to these, we identify the meanings associated with the concept of strategy and reconstruct the debates that arise in its application, which are linked to current problems in the social sciences. Based on the foregoing, we propose the need to update the critical review of the concept of strategy.
Expertise and communicating about infectious disease: a case study of uncertainty and rejection of local knowledge in discourse of experts and decision makers
Authors: Manyweathers Jennifer , Taylor Mel , Longnecker Nancy
Published: July 2020

Despite Australian horse owners being encouraged to vaccinate their horses against Hendra virus to reduce the risk of this potentially fatal virus to horses and humans, vaccine uptake has been slow. Discourse around the vaccine has been characterised by polarisation and dissenting voices. In this study we interviewed horse owners (N=15) and veterinarians (N=10), revealing how expert knowledge, disqualification of lay knowledge and inadequate handling of uncertainty impacted divisive discourse around Hendra virus. We assert that more inclusive, reflective and ultimately more effective risk communication practices will result if the legitimacy of diverse knowledge sources and the inevitability of uncertainty are acknowledged.
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of a Version of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy for Women’s Partners
Authors: Barrett Geraldine , Hall Jennifer A. , Howden Beth , Patel Dilisha , Shawe Jill , Stephenson Judith
Published: July 2020

Background

The role of women’s partners in pregnancy planning has gained importance with the development of preconception care. The measurement of pregnancy planning/intention has also changed in the last two decades with the development of psychometric measures such as the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP). This analysis aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a version of the LMUP for women’s partners in the UK.

Methods

The LMUP items, adapted for completion by partners, were piloted and included in a survey of (mainly male) partners in three antenatal clinics in London, UK, as part of a study of pre-pregnancy health and care. The psychometric properties of the partner LMUP were assessed according to the principles of Classical Test Theory.

Results

There were 575 partners of pregnant women in the sample, 573 (99.7%) being men. There were high completion rates for all the LMUP items. The distribution of LMUP scores ranged from 1–12, with a negative skew (biased towards planned/intended pregnancies). In terms of reliability (internal consistency), Cronbach’s alpha was 0.69, item-rest correlations were >0.2 for five items, and all inter-item correlations were positive. In terms of construct validity, principal components analysis showed that measurement was unidimensional, confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit, and the convergent validity hypothesis of non-perfect, moderate-to-good agreement between couples’ LMUP scores was met.

Conclusions

The partner LMUP performed well in terms of reliability and validity according to internationally-accepted criteria for the performance of psychometric measures and can be used in future research on men and couples. However, we recommend further research relating to the concept of pregnancy planning/intention among partners of all gender identities to understand whether additional content would enhance the measurement of the construct. In particular, we recommend further conceptual exploration with men who have experienced unplanned pregnancies.
Derecho de ciudad
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso
Published: July 2020

Guillaume le Blanc «En el sentido etimológico del término, excluir (excludere) significa no dejar entrar, no admitir. Se le niega a alguien el derecho de paso que hacía de él un sujeto admisible, susceptible de fundirse en el grupo considerado como socialmente normal. Por este hecho, este último tiende entonces a volverse un sujeto inadmisible, patológico, que no ha logrado cumplir con el derecho de peaje que le permitiría permanecer en la buena vía o entrar en el área admitida. Si excluir llega a significar el hecho de rechazar una cosa o un sujeto como incompatible con un grupo-patrón, la exclusión aparecerá siempre como ligada a la construcción de una frontera. Precipita al excluido más allá de la frontera y crea una fosa entre las y los que están adentro y las y los que se quedaron por fuera. Actualmente, muchos son los que tienen el sentimiento de ser excluidos, de ser rechazados del mal lado de la frontera. Numerosos son igualmente los que temen llegar a  serlo. La angustia de quedar out es particularmente difícil de sobrellevar si se tiene en cuenta que los modos de existencia de los sujetos son a menudo muy precarios, se sostienen a veces de un hilo, un complemento de alquiler, una ayuda social, etc. La ontología del sujeto ya no es lo que era, un conjunto de propiedades que nadie cuestionaba, de las que él podía fácilmente disponer.»
Pengetahuan Kader Posyandu, Para Ibu Balita Dan Perspektif Tenaga Kesehatan Terkait Keaktifan Posyandu Di Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Ambarita Lasbudi , Husna Asmaul , Sitorus Hotnida
Published: July 2020

Basic health research in 2007 showed the existence of the gap of IPKM (community health development index) among provinces, including Aceh province. Maternal and child health issue were important indicators in IPKM. This research aimed to determine knowledge of Posyandu’s cadres and mothers as well as the perspective of health ofﬁ cer towards Posyandu activities. This was a qualitative study with participatory observation design. There were two areas (Puskesmas) chosen as the research location, and at each location was conducted focus group discussion (FGD) to the mothers and Posyandu’s cadres and in-depth interview towards the informant (health ofﬁ cer). Generally, Posyandu’s cadres have good knowledge about maternal and child health, while mothers have less knowledge. The results showed that Posyandu has not been optimal in health service. This condition associated with low visits of mothers as well as the involvement of Posyandu’s cadres themselves. External factors (support of husband, family, social environment) could interfere the belief of mothers towards Posyandu services. Knowledge becomes an important aspect to inﬂ uence awareness and willingness of mothers to utilize the service of Posyandu.

Abstrak

Hasil Riskesdas 2007 menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan IPKM (Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat) antar propinsi maupun pada tingkat propinsi itu sendiri seperti di Provinsi Aceh. Kesehatan ibu hamil dan balita merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam IPKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan kader Posyandu maupun ibu balita serta perspektif tenaga kesehatan terkait kegiatan Posyandu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan disain observasi partisipatif. Terdapat dua wilayah terpilih sebagai lokasi penelitian, dan pada setiap lokasi dilakukan diskusi kelompok terarah terhadap kelompok ibu balita dan kader Posyandu wawancara mendalam terhadap kader Posyandu dan ibu balita, serta tenaga kesehatan. Secara umum pengetahuan kader Posyandu telah cukup baik, namun untuk ibu balita belum sepenuhnya baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan belum optimalnya pelayanan Posyandu. Ketidakoptimalan tersebut berhubungan dengan rendahnya kunjungan para ibu balita, maupun keterlibatan kader Posyandu itu sendiri. Faktor eksternal (pandangan suami, keluarga & lingkungan sosial) dapat menjadi unsur yang mempengaruhi keyakinan ibu balita terhadap pelayanan Posyandu. Pengetahuan menjadi aspek penting terhadap kesadaran dan kemauan ibu balita untuk datang ke Posyandu.
Perilaku Pemenuhan Gizi pada Ibu Menyusui di Beberapa Etnik di Indonesia
Authors: Oktarina Oktarina Oktarina , Wardhani Yurika Fauzia
Published: July 2020

Balanced nutrition during breastfeeding is important for breastfeeding mothers because it affects breastmilk production. The fulfillment of good nutrition for breastfeeding mothers will affect the nutritional status and the growth of their babies. The concept of sick and healthy, food and drink that is good for health, trust and abstinence, on one hand, can be a barrier for health development but on the other one can be a potential for overcoming health problems. This study is a secondary data analysis, which is sourced from Health Ethnographic Research data in 2012, 2014 and 2015. Samples taken were from the Rote, Sabu and Madura ethnic groups. Data collected included breastfeeding mothers' behavior as well as the adequacy of nutrition for breastfeeding mothers in the three ethnic groups. The results showed that maternal behavior in newborns gave a prelactal type of food, where in the ethnic Rote in the form of coffee water or sugar water, in the ethnic Sabu in the form of a concoction of chili leaves that were pounded, filtered and taken the juice, and the Madura ethnic in the form of honey and young coconut water aimed to smoothen baby’s digestion.

Abstrak

Gizi seimbang penting bagi ibu menyusui karena sangat erat kaitannya dengan produksi air susu. Pemenuhan gizi yang baik akan berpengaruh terhadap status gizi ibu menyusui dan tumbuh kembang bayinya. Konsep tentang sehat-sakit, makanan-minuman yang baik untuk kesehatan, kepercayaan dan pantangan, di satu lain bisa menjadi penghalang namun di sisi lain bisa menjadi potensi untuk mengatasi permasalahan kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder, yang bersumber dari data Riset Etnografi Kesehatan tahun 2012, 2014 dan 2015 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pemenuhan gizi ibu menyusui pada etnik Sabu, Rote dan Madura. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi perilaku ibu menyusui serta kecukupan zat gizi ibu menyusui pada tiga etnik tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perilaku ibu pada bayi baru lahir memberikan jenis makanan prelaktal, dimana pada etnik Rote berupa air kopi atau air gula, pada etnik Sabu berupa ramuan daun cabai yang ditumbuk, disaring dan diambil sarinya, serta etnik Madura berupa madu dan air kelapa muda yang bertujuan untuk melicinkan pencernaan bayi.
«No tenemos tiempo ni para errores, ni para travesuras políticas»
Authors: Mesa-Ortega Wilfredo Ricardo , Santovenia-Pérez Carlos A.
Published: July 2020

Se valora cómo la ingente labor política de José Martí, orientada a trabajar por el equilibrio del mundo, la libertad, la paz y el trabajo virtuoso para todos los pueblos, le exigió realizar una profunda valoración de la posición geográfica cubana, elaborar una novedosa concepción geopolítica positiva: solidaria, colaborativa e inclusiva; contrapuesta al hegemonismo, el proteccionismo y la desigualdad que advirtió en la geopolítica negativa del Norte revuelto y brutal, y luchar en contra del nefasto destino que preparaba Estados Unidos de América para Cuba, la América y el mundo. Los desequilibrios del siglo XX y de los años transcurridos en el XXI confirman la certeza que tienen las advertencias y concepciones geopolíticas martianas, en tanto que la política llevada a cabo por la Revolución cubana refleja la medida en que se han tomado en cuenta sus alertas para, desde el fiel de América, contribuir al equilibrio del mundo, sin tiempo para errores, ni travesuras políticas.
Stereoselective synthesis of (-)-tetrahydropyrenophorol
Authors: Ramanujan Vyasabhattar , Sadikha Shaik , Pavan Kumar
Published: July 2020

Tetrahydropyrenophorol, an interesting macrodiolide, was isolated from the plant Fagonia cretica. The total synthesis of (?)-1-tetrahydropyrenophorol was achieved in an elegant and linear manner from readily an accessible racemic epoxide. The archetypal reactions include regioselective opening of the epoxide, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, and Mitsunobu cyclodimerization to construct the requisite 16-membered bis-lactone. The synthetic approach demonstrated here is very simple and could be used for the syntheses of related compounds in an economic and highly stereoselective way.
Penggunaan Bahasa Alay di Ruang Publik
Authors: Kusumawati Hesty
Published: July 2020

Fenomena bahasa yang menarik dalam konteks kekinian adalah munculnya bahasa alay pada penulisan kalimat SMS atau jejaring sosial seperti facebook. Keberadaan bahasa alay oleh para remaja di dunia maya (internet), seperti facebook dalam bentuk tulisan, karena karakter bahasa alay adalah menggabungkan berbagai karakter, angka alfabet, singkatan-singkatan serta penggunaan huruf kapital yang tidak beraturan. Bahasa ini dianggap sebagai media berekspresi yang khas dalam berkomunikasi di dunia maya (internet). Selanjutnya, bagaimanakah penggunaan bahasa alay di ruang publik berupa facebook. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan penggunaan bahasa alay para remaja Pamekasan di facebook dalam konteks penggunaan singkatan, kata baru, dan kosa kata asing. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif karena data yang terkumpul berasal dari data kualitatif berupa data verbal bukan angka, yakni tindak tutur remaja pengguna facebook yang menulis status dan komentar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahasa alay remaja Pamekasan di facebook pada penggunaan tindak tutur representatif cukup banyak, yaitu pada status atau komentar yang ditulis pada dinding facebook. Fungsi tindak tutur ini memberitahukan kepada orang lain mengenai sesuatu yang memiliki kesesuaian antara tuturan yang disampaikan dengan kenyataan yang terletak pada pihak penutur. Penggunaan bahasa alay remaja Pamekasan di facebook pada penggunaan tindak tutur direktif dapat dilihat pada status atau komentar yang ditulis dalam akun facebook, yaitu ketika tuturan pada akun facebook mengandung hal yang bersifat keinginan pihak penutur kepada orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu. Penggunaan bahasa alay remaja Pamekasan pada penggunaan tindak tutur ekpresif dapat dilihat ketikan status atau komentar penutur di dinding facebook mengandung pernyataan yang menggambarkan apa yang penutur rasakan.
Perspektif Generasi Muda Suku Karo Terhadap Kain Tradisional Suku Karo: Sebuah Analisis
Authors: Wesnina _
Published: July 2020

This study aims to find out how the knowledge or perspective of the younger generation of Karo tribe towards Karo tribe traditional cloth. Knowledge on the fabric (cloth) is includes the understanding on Karo traditional cloth, the name and meaning of Karo uis motifs, Karo traditional fabric and its characteristics, and the use of Karo traditional cloth in various cultural activities of Karo tribe. By using a descriptive qualitative method through a survey to the Karo younger generation whose both parents are from Karo tribes, this study found that generally the knowledge of young Karo tribe about traditional cloth. It can be concluded that the Karo young generation still have good and positive attention and the spirit in preserving the cultural and heritage of indigenous Karo tribe.
Research skills in nursing undergraduate students: A case study at a Chilean private university
Authors: Vera Fernando
Published: July 2020

Tertiary education in Chile has increased radically over the past 20 years. According to the Higher Education Information Service (Servicio de Información de Educación Superior: SIES), in 2018, there were 1,188,423 students enrolled in undergraduate programs, totaling 94.1% of the 1,262,771 students enrolled in Higher Education Institutions (SIES, 2018). In fact, there are both private and public universities available for students who seek an undergraduate program. In this context, nursing is an increasingly in-demand program and an option for all ages in this country. In general, this program calls for and develops skills and qualities essential to the Nursing profession, amongst them: technical knowledge, critical thinking, empathy and strong communication skills. The purpose of this paper is to examine the main difficulties that undergraduate nursing students, at a Chilean private university, encounter when conducting their research proposal. Two instruments were used to collect data: an online self-administered questionnaire consisting of 14 closed-ended questions and a rubric to assess students’ research proposals. The sample comprised of a total of 41 students, who were in the 23-52 age group. The average age was 34 years (SD= 5.78). Female students accounted for 88.5% of the total group. Findings indicate that there is a gap in research skills in these students. This article is based on the author’s teaching experience.
NILAI UNGGUL PENDIDIKAN PRASEKOLAH DALAM MEMPERSIAPKAN ANAK MEMASUKI JENJANG SEKOLAH FORMAL ( Studi di TK Al Qur’an Wahdatul Ummah Kota Metro )
Authors: Iswati Iswati , Ardiwansyah Bayu
Published: July 2020

Kesiapan  sekolah merupakan hal penting yang perlu dimiliki anak sebelum ia masuk ke Sekolah  Dasar  (SD). Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab Apa saja program di TK Al-Qur’an Wahdatul Ummah, Bagaimana upaya mempersiapkan anak ke jenjang Sekolah Formal serta Apa saja program unggulan yang ditawarkan TK Al-Qur’an Wahdatul Ummah dalam mempersiapkan anak memasuki jenjang Sekolah Formal. Dalam menjawab permasalahan tersebut Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif lapangan dengan menggunakan metode yaitu;  interview, observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan dalam teknik analisis data penulis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian secara umum menunjukkan bahwa Program PAUD yang ada di Wahdatul Ummah antara lain; Tempat penitipan anak, play group, TK Al-Qur’an, TPA, pendidikan ibu dan anak (parenting). Upaya TK Al-Qur’an dalam mempersiapkan anak ke jenjang Sekolah Formal antara lain; dengan mempersiapkan personal, sosial dan akademik anak. Selain itu TKIT Wahdatul Ummah juga mempertimbangkan aspek guru, materi, sarana prasarana, metode dan evaluasi. Program unggulan yang ditawarkan TK Al-Qur’an Wahdatul Ummah dalam mempersiapkan anak memasuki jenjang Sekolah Formal yaitu melalui menghafal baik bacaan do, shalat, surat-surat pendek dan mengenalkan angka huruf, membaca, menulis dan menghitung tetapi dengan cara yang menyenangkan  melalui permainan dan nyanyian. Program-program TK Al-Qur’an Wahdatul Ummah dalam mempersiapkan anak ke jenjang Sekolah Formal sudah cukup efektif dan berhasil dengan baik.
Aplicação de modelos de eficiência e eficácia para a agropecuária brasileira: análise com um painel de dados
Authors: Pinto Nelson Guilherme Machado , Coronel Daniel Arruda
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar o desempenho da atividade agropecuária brasileira por meio da aplicação de modelos de eficiência e eficácia nas regiões do Brasil com a utilização de um painel de dados nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Assim, no que concerne à eficiência, há de se destacar os elevados níveis deeficiência agropecuária, principalmente entre os estados de São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Goiás, Rio Grande doSul e Minas Gerais. As regiões mais preocupantes com relação ao aspecto de eficiência agropecuária são osestados do Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí e Tocantins. Referente à eficácia, os estados de destaque são MinasGerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul e Mato Grosso, evidenciandonovamente a importância dessa atividade para as regiões Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste em relação às demais.Os menores valores de eficácia agropecuária são os estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí e Paraíba, refletindo as dificuldades das Regiões Norte e Nordeste quanto à eficácia agropecuária. Por último, o modelo de dados em painel corroborou a hipótese de estudo, demonstrando que a eficiência é um caminho para que a eficácia seja alcançada para essa atividade.
Nanotecnología y salud animal: alianzas, políticas públicas y aprendizajes en torno al desarrollo de una estrategia para prevención y tratamiento para la brucelosis ovina
Authors: Carroza Tomás Javier , Brieva Susana Silvia
Published: July 2020

A partir del uso del enfoque socio-técnico, este trabajo busca reconstruir el proceso de I+D para el tratamiento de la brucelosis ovina mediante nanotecnologías, a fin de contribuir al debate sobre el papel de las tecnologías emergentes en el desarrollo de estrategias de salud animal. Las Nanotecnologías se han convertido en un tema central en la agenda de políticas en el cual, las problemáticas relacionadas al sistema agroalimentario han recibido un gran número de recursos. Entre los resultados se destaca que este desarrollo generó nuevas capacidades y aprendizajes. Sin embargo, se plantean conflictos acerca de la utilidad social del conocimiento generado.
West – East: The semiotics of axiological convergences and divergences
Authors: Plesník Ľubomír
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on the verbal representation of life strategies in Vetalapanchavimshati, an old Indian collection of stories, which is part of Somadeva’s Kathasaritsagara. On the basis of the aspect of gain ~ loss, two basic life strategies are identified. The first one, the lower strategy, is defined by an attempt to obtain material gain, which is attained at the cost of a spiritual loss. The second one, the higher strategy, negates the first one (spiritual gain attained at the cost of a material loss) and it is an internally diversified series of axiological models. The core of the study explains the combinatorial variants which, in their highest positions, even transcend the gain ~ loss opposition. The final part of the study demonstrates the intersections between the higher strategy and selected European cultural initiatives (gnosis).
Dickens’s nonconformist treatment of stained women in David Copperfield
Authors: Badinjki Taher
Published: July 2020

David Copperfield shows an advance in Dickens’s treatment of stained women in his earlier works. In this novel he takes the subject inside the closed doors of respectable people to influence their attitudes and to bring a shift in society’s attitude towards them. Dickens’s presentation of stained women is lapped by romantic pathos and supported by a number of devices which aim at securing the sympathy of his readers. In saving them from public retribution, Dickens has turned the bitterest aspect of conventions to a more generous end trying to indicate that it requires sympathy and an ameliorating Christian response, rather than downright condemnation. He supports reformation which leads to rehabilitation and a return to respectability. In his treatment of Emily, Martha Endell, Rosa Dartle and other tarnished women, Dickens could reconcile his charitable inclinations with the imperatives of respectability and could also show the necessity of giving stained women a second chance at home or abroad.
Nuclear Genome Size Determination Of Christia Vespertilionis Via Flow Cytometry
Authors: Midin Mohd Razik , Fikri Muhammad Irfan , Zailani Siti Sarah
Published: July 2020

Christia vespertilionis (butterfly wing plant) is an ornamental plant originated from South East Asia with reported usage in traditional medicine practice and potential as an anticancer and antitumor. This research aims to estimate the genome size of C. vespertilionis via flow cytometry (FCM) method. The research was conducted with the optimisation of nuclear suspension preparation followed by the genome size estimation. Two chopping techniques [manual chopping (MC) and BDTM Medimachine (MM)] and two lysis buffers (Otto and LBO1) were tested. Otto buffer with manual chopping was found to be the most suitable method, generated fine DNA peak with minimum debris background, and coefficient of variation (CV) value less than 3%. Five replicates of the FCM analysis were made for the genome size determination. The estimated genome size of C. vespertilionis was found to be 3.22 pg by using Glycine max cv. Polanka (2C=2.5pg) as an external reference standard. Further comparison with other Christia species was not possible due to the lack of data on genome size. The genome size data of C. vespertilionis can be useful for future morphology and genetics studies of Christia species.
Towards the Optimization of Process Parameters for Impact Strength of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites: Taguchi Method
Authors: Yusuf S. S. , Islam M. N. , Ali M. H. , Akram M. W. , Siddique M. A.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an investigation of impact strength of sponge gourd, coir, and jute fibers reinforced epoxy resin-based composites. Impact strength of specimens, made of composites with various proportions of wt% ratio of resin and hardener, wt% of resin and hardener, wt% ratio of sponge gourd and jute, wt% ratio of sponge gourd and coir, was measured. Design of experiment was done by Taguchi method using four control factors with three levels. Effect of the above control factors on impact strength was examined and the best combinations of control factors are advised. Confirmation test was performed by using this combination and the percentage of contribution of the above factors on impact strength was investigated by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Contour and interaction plots provide helpfully examines to explore the combined influences of different control factors on output characteristics. The regression equation represents a mathematical model that relates control factors with impact strength.
Renal changes and apoptosis caused by subacute exposure to Aroclor 1254 in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented rats
Authors: Zeybek Naciye Dilara , Sur Ünzile , Oflaz Ofcan , Erkekoğlu Pınar , Balcı Aylin , Özkemahlı Gizem , Aşçı Ali , Kızılgün Murat , Edebal Oğuz Han , Koçer-Gümüşel Belma
Published: July 2020

Aroclor 1254 (A1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, exerts hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in rodents. This study aimed to determine a protective role of selenium on histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by A1254 in rat kidney. It included a control group, which received regular diet containing 0.15 mg/kg Se (C), a Se-supplemented group (SeS) receiving 1 mg/kg Se, a Se-deficient group (SeD) receiving Se-deficient diet of ≤0.05 mg/kg Se, an A1254-treated group (A) receiving 10 mg/kg of Aroclor 1254 and regular diet, an A1254-treated group receiving Se-supplementation (ASeS), and an A1254-treated group receiving Se-deficient diet (ASeD). Treatments lasted 15 days. After 24 h of the last dose of A1254, the animals were decapitated under anaesthesia and their renal antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione, protein oxidation, and total antioxidant capacity levels measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected with the TUNEL assay. Kidney weights, CAT activities, and GSH levels decreased significantly in all A1254-treated groups. Renal atrophic changes and higher apoptotic cell counts were observed in the A and ASeD groups. Both groups also showed a significant drop in GPx1 activities (A – 34.92 % and ASeD – 86.46 %) and rise in LP (A – 30.45 % and ASeD – 20.44 %) vs control. In contrast, LP levels and apoptotic cell counts were significantly lower in the ASeS group vs the A group. Histopathological changes and renal apoptosis were particularly visible in the ASeD group. Our findings suggest that selenium supplementation provides partial protection against renal toxicity of Aroclor 1254.
Nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in juvenile rats and possible mechanisms of action
Authors: Liu Ye , Sun Li , Yang Guili , Yang Zhuo
Published: July 2020

Because of their widespread use and potential adverse effects in young developing organism, this study focused on the nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity of chronic low-dose exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in 32 14-day-old male Wistar rats, randomly divided into three groups receiving AgNP solution (3 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally for one, two, or three weeks and the untreated control group (eight animals per group). When the rats were eight weeks old, blood creatinine and urine microalbumin were tested, followed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Proteinuria was found in the animals treated with AgNP for three weeks, and H&E staining revealed pathological changes in the kidney sections of this group. DNA damage was detected with the alkaline comet assay in the groups treated for two and three weeks. All results indicate that chronic exposure, even at a low dose, may affect animal health. The main culprit might be increased and time-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Highly reactive ROS could cause a major structural damage to proteins and DNA, change the expression of ion channel proteins, and trigger inflammation. The findings of our in vivo experiment raise concern about nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles in young organisms and call for further investigation of nanoparticle properties that can be modified to minimise the risks.
Comparison of Morphological, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Goji Fruits
Authors: Kruczek Arleta , Ochmian Ireneusz , Krupa-Małkiewicz Marcelina , Lachowicz Sabina
Published: July 2020

There is a growing public interest in fruits labeled as „superfood” (functional food). A “superfood” should have a high content of bioactive substances with a positive impact on human health. Seven different cultivars of goji berry fruits (Lycium chinense Mill.) grown in north-western Poland were evaluated for its physicochemical parameters, antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, and polyphenol content. The length of 1-year-old shoots ranged from 36 cm (‘Big Lifeberry’) to 82 cm (‘Korean Big’). Cultivars from the group of Big were characterized by the biggest fruits (17.3-24.2 mm) with the greatest weight of 100 fruits (96.7­122.1 g). ‘Big Lifeberry’ contained high amounts of L-ascorbic acid (408 mg 1000/g) and provitamin A (190 mg 1000/g) and showed high antidiabetic (α-amylase IC50=33.4 mg/mL; α-glucosidase IC50=9.9 mg/mL) and antioxidant activity (ABTS·+ 6.21 and FRAP 5.58 mmol T/100 g). ‘Big Lifeberry’ was also characterized by a high total content of polyphenols (43.64 mg 100/g). Furthermore, the nitrite content in all the cultivars tested was at a relatively low level. Among the examined cultivars, the most attractive one concerning the consumers’ point of view of the size, weight and high content of health-promoting compounds is ‘Big Lifeberry’.
Changeover Process Assessment of Warp-Knitting Let-Off Equipped with Multispeed Electronic Let-Off System
Authors: Ji Yong , Jiang Gaoming , Tang Mengting
Published: July 2020

Warp-knitted fabrics have gained increasing attention due to their excellent properties, and their production is strongly dependent on the warp-based electronic let-off system. Most of the existing control systems are single speed electron let-off structure, which brings a series of issues such as broken yarn, missed needle, and running thread caused by let-off delay, making it hard for manufacturer to produce the required fabrics. To fill the gap, this article proposes a new framework of a multispeed electronic let-off system for warp knitting based on closed-loop control strategy. As a demonstration of the capacity and generalizability of this newly proposed methodology, the 01-type four-channel acoustic vibration analyzer is used to test and analyze the time of switching, the let-off amounts, and the change in warp tension during the process of switching let-off amounts, including the explanation and comparison of difference values of let-off quantities. It is shown that the proposed method for the production of warp-knitted fabrics is a useful method for achieving digital manufacture of warp-knitted fabrics.
Methodological aspects concerning sampling and determination of total selenium and selenium species in geothermal waters
Authors: Rusiniak Piotr , Ruszczyńska Anna , Wątor Katarzyna , Bulska Ewa , Kmiecik Ewa
Published: July 2020

The work presents the results of geothermal water sample analysis with respect to the determination of total selenium concentration. For this purpose, geothermal water (GT) samples were collected from three different intakes (GT-1, GT-2, GT-3) with similar temperatures of about 85°C. Tests were carried out to see if the methodology of sample preparation influenced total selenium concentration during analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples (raw and filtered) were preserved with nitric acid (HNO3) and mineralised in the laboratory. From the data obtained it was found that there is no significant difference between total selenium concentration in raw and filtered samples. Following mineralisation, the concentrations in the samples were below the limit of detection or limit of quantification. While different analytical steps or procedures are applied, the results of total selenium concentration can vary. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ICP-MS was used for the identification of selenium species. The results revealed that hexavalent selenium – Se(VI) – in the geothermal water was found only in samples collected from the GT-2 and GT-3 intakes.
Stability assessment of sulphur (II) compounds in medicinal water from B-8b Michał intake in Busko-Zdrój
Authors: Lipiec Iwona , Rusiniak Piotr
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the stability of sulphur (II) compounds determined as the sum of hydrogen sul-phide, hydrosulphides and sulphides was evaluated in groundwater sourced from the B-8b Michał intake. Sulphide waters are a valuable raw material used as a basis for spa treatment in Busko-Zdrój. Based on the chemical composition analyses conducted in the years 1946–2018, a general analysis of random variability and statistical analysis of data was performed using PS IMAGO 5.0.1 software. Stability assessment was carried out on the data set for the 2009–2018 period on the basis of individual measurement control charts. Trend analysis was also performed using the GWSDAT software.
Methodological improvement of testing of selected parameters for fire resistance of wood and wood-based materials using the MFT
Authors: Grześkowiak Wojciech Ł. , Moliński Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

There are many methods used to determine the reaction to fire of wood and wood-based materials, ranging from full-scale to small-scale testing. One of the small-scale techniques is the use of the Mini Fire Tube (MFT). The aim of this work is to optimize the assessment of fireproofing preparations for wood and wood-based materials using the MFT. In addition, an evaluation was made of the effectiveness of the protection in relation to the maximum temperature of the control sample. An attempt at optimization was made using the example of pine wood and selected flame retardants. Based on the results of control tests, the critical point (the time at which the average sample temperature reached its maximum value) was calculated (Grześkowiak and Moliński 2019). The effectiveness of the protection at the critical point was determined. Efficiencies were calculated for all time parameters to determine the optimal test time. A formula was proposed for the duration of tests for protected samples, taking as a reference the maximum temperature of the control series. The tests showed that it is possible to shorten the time for testing of the effectiveness of flame retardants based on the time taken to obtain maximum temperature for control samples.
Evaluation of silages of hybrids of napier grass and sorghum in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka
Authors: Seresinhe Thakshala Rupanjanie , Weerasinghe Piyatilak Bandara , Sanjeewa Janith , Harindrika Hansini , Manawadu Ariyathilaka , Mahipla Kumara , Iben Christine
Published: July 2020

Silages of hybrids of napier grass (CO-3 or CO-4) and sorghum and their combinations (50% napier grass hybrid + 50% of sorghum) were tested under three cutting intervals (4, 6 and 8 weeks). Sorghum silage had a leafy and soft texture with a fruity smell, which proved its desirable character with normal lactic acid fermentation. As such, it was with its comparatively higher dry matter content at the 6 or 8 weeks cutting interval, more suitable for ensiling. The crude protein concentration was not modified by the ensiling process, which was proved by the low ammoniacal nitrogen content. Sorghum silage had lower pH values at all three cutting intervals. On the basis of the NH3-N/TN content (<10%), all silages could be considered as of good quality. Sorghum silage could be considered as the best among tested silages as compared with hybrid napier var. CO-3 or CO-4. The optimum quality of the sorghum silage with the highest soluble carbohydrates concentration and lactic acid >3% could be obtained at the 6-week cutting interval.
Analytical Overview and Applications of Modified Black-Litterman Model for Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Stoilov Todor , Stoilova Krasimira , Vladimirov Miroslav
Published: July 2020

The paper makes analytical overviews of the Markowitz portfolio and the Capital Asset Pricing models and motivates the advances of the Black-Litterman (BL) one. This overview implies that for a small set of assets the BL model needs the characteristics of a specific market point, which cannot be taken from a global market index. The paper derives analytic relations for the new specific market point with analytical approximation of the efficient frontier. The BL model insists also expert views, which influence the portfolio solution. The paper derives formalization of the expert views from the difference between the evaluated implied returns and historical mean assets returns. Such form of expert views makes modifications of the BL model. This allows comparisons between Markowitz (MV) and BL portfolio performance. Benefits of this research are demonstrated with market data and comparison of the MV and BL portfolio results.