bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SiCN films: preparation, properties and practical application (review)
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Sukach A.V.
Published: February 2021

Si-CN films exhibit high mechanical and optoelectronic properties such as photoconductivity, photoluminescence, variable energy gap in the range of 1.37-5.2 eV, high mechanical and thermal strength, low thermal expansion, which allows them to be used in semiconductor devices. and in microelectronic mechanical systems. They are obtained by chemical deposition methods, and to activate the reaction using thermal heating, plasma or ultraviolet radiation, and by physical methods of deposition at relatively low temperatures by magnetron sputtering. The structure of the films can vary from microcrystalline to amorphous, the main influence being the deposition temperature. Chemical bonding in films is carried out mainly due to the interaction of Si-N, Si-C, C-C, C-N. Despite a significant amount of experimental work to study the properties of Si-C-N films, there are virtually no studies of films deposited by plasma chemical methods using hexamethyldisilazane as the main precursor. The review analyzes the influence of the main parameters of plasma chemical deposition, such as substrate temperature, reagent flow rate, high-frequency discharge power and displacement on the substrate on the physical properties of the films. It is shown that the main mechanism of transport of charge carriers in the investigated films is the space charge limited current. Based on electrical measurements, a number of band parameters as well as parameters of deep traps in a-SiCN films were estimated for the first time.
INVESTIGATION OF CdTe QUANTUM DOTS SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGY FEATURES IN COLLOID SOLUTIONS BY PHOTOLUMINESCENT SPECTROSCOPY AND SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE REFRACTOMETRY
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Dorozinsky G.V.
Published: February 2021

Effect of activation current variation in the synthesis of quantum dots (QD) of cadmium telluride in colloidal solutions on the change of emission spectra of photoluminescence (PL), the average size of QD and the change in the angular position of refractometric characteristics of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was studied. The activation current was changed from 0.1 to 0.6 A in steps of 100 mA. For comparison, also performed the synthesis of cadmium telluride QD in colloidal solutions with a change in the duration of the synthesis in the range from 1 to 5 minutes in increments of 1 minute. The average QD size of cadmium telluride was determined by the peak values of the measured PL spectra of the corresponding colloidal solutions according to the modified Bruce formula. The response of the SPR sensor constructed according to the Kretschman scheme was defined as the angular shift of the minimum of the measured refractometric characteristics of the SPR when replacing deionized water with the studied colloidal solutions. The results of the study showed that the increase in the activation current in contrast to the increase in the duration of the synthesis led not only to a decrease in PL intensity, but also to its increase at low currents, which may be due to "electropolishing" of the quantum dot surface. Both technologies for the synthesis of quantum dots were characterized by the presence of slow growth processes, which was associated with the thermodynamics of nucleation processes and manifested in the form of saturation regions on the graphs of PL peak and minimum refractometric characteristics of SPR from synthesis duration and activation current. At different durations of quantum dot synthesis, a dependence (correlation coefficient -0.9992) was established between the response of the SPR sensor and the spectral position of the PL maximum, which was approximated by a linear function with a matching coefficient R 2 = 0.998. The results of the study showed that the use of variation of activation current in stabilizing the duration of synthesis is the dominant condition for creating high-emission light-emitting and light-converting semiconductor systems based on cadmium telluride QD, because with variation of activation current PL intensity was 431.9 abs., 4 times higher than for the case of variation in the duration of synthesis, namely 181.2 abs.one. The results of the study can be used to optimize the technology of manufacturing QD of cadmium telluride with predetermined characteristics.
INFLUENCE MATERIAL OF PRISM ON THE SENSITIVITY OF SPR SENSORS
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Dorozinska H.V.
Published: February 2021

Theoretical analysis of the influence of the sensor prism material on the basis of the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on its sensitivity and temperature stability of the measurement result is carried out. The analysis was performed for the infrared wavelength range of excitation surface plasmon radiation (980... 1550 nm) using materials for prisms with different refractive indices, namely: glass ceramics Zerodur (n D = 1,5423), optical glasses N-FK51A (n D = 1, 4865) and N-BK7 (n D = 1,5167) with low refractive index, single crystal material CaF 2 (n D = 1.4339), as well as flints N-SF2 (n D = 1,6475) and N-SF11 (n D = 1,7845). The temperature stability of the measurement result was determined for the temperature range from 20 °C to 70 °C, which corresponds to the operating temperature range of most refractometers and commercial SPR sensors. The coefficient of temperature shift of the minimum reflection characteristic for the investigated materials was calculated as the ratio of the magnitude of the angular shift ∆θ to the corresponding change of temperature ∆Т, which caused this shift. The results of the study showed that for all materials, regardless of the refractive index value, the temperature effect decreases with increasing wavelength of radiation. For the material with a lower refractive index (CaF 2 ), the temperature coefficient was 2 times higher than for flint glass (N-SF11). According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the sensitivity of the SPR sensor increases threefold from 52.83 deg./RIU to 173.16 deg./RIU when the refractive index of the prism changes from n D = 1.79 to n D = 1.43. It was also found that increasing the wavelength of the radiation increased both the sensitivity of the SPR sensor and temperature stability regardless of the prism material. The results of the study can be used both to develop new SPR sensors and to optimize the modes of operation of existing ones, in particular the choice of optimal sensitivity at a given range of measurement of the refractive index of the test substance.
Formando professores de Português como Língua Adicional (PLA) para a superdiversidade
Authors: Bessa Mariana de Camargo , Weiss Denise Barros
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as lacunas que precisam ser equacionadas no que tange à  institucionalização na área de Português como Língua Adicional (PLA) e sobre ações glotopolíticas nesse campo. Pretendemos discutir sobre alguns efeitos da ausência de documentos que orientam o ensino em salas de aula que refletem a realidade superdiversa em que estamos inseridos. Analisamos como o Exame Celpe-Bras - Certificado de Proficiência em Língua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros - tem norteado políticas de ensino de PLA e, por fim, observamos os impactos dessa influência na formação de professores de PLA. Mobilizamos, para este estudo, os conceitos de superdiversidade; de saberes locais e saberes globais; de políticas linguísticas e ações glotopolíticas. Com base nesses conceitos, mostramos alguns dos saberes necessárias para o professor dar conta desses desafios que se impõem no trabalho hoje.  
Palavras-chave: Política linguística. Superdiversidade. Formação de professores de PLA.
Que nostalgia!
Authors: Bordulis da Silva Suaidy Viviane , Pilatti Telles Luciana
Published: February 2021

No presente estudo, refletimos sobre o desenvolvimento de atividades de consciência fonológica em uma tarefa sobre produção de desenhos animados brasileiros. Mobilizamos as noções de tarefa como plano de trabalho (ELLIS et al. 2020). Nas atividades propostas, constituintes da fase de foco na língua (WILLIS, 1996), apresentamos e discutimos oportunidades de compreensão, reflexão e manipulação da variação da lateral pós-vocálica (COLLISCHONN e QUEDNAU, 2009; HAHN-NONNENMACHER, 2019; CALLOU, 2009; LEITE, CALLOU e MORAES, 2007; BATTISTI e MORAS, 2016; MORAS, 2017) pelos participantes, a partir de nomes de personagens de cinco obras de animação brasileiras.  No uso das atividades com três grupos de estudantes na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, percebemos que os discentes (a) reconheceram as diferentes pronúncias da lateral em português brasileiro, conforme a sua posição na sílaba, (b) refletiram sobre a produção da lateral em coda em variedades do português e em variedades do espanhol e (c) experimentaram a aplicação da regra variável.
Optimisation of modification parameters for amaranth starch for the development of pudding and study of the quality traits of developed pudding
Authors: Gupta A.K. , Jha A.K. , Singhal S.
Published: February 2021

Amaranth is considered to be a part of “superfood”, however, due to multiple restricting properties, its functionality in the food industry is still not explored to its fullest. The present study investigated the effect of almond gum concentration (3–10 g), temperature (50–90 °C), and quantity of water (30–70 mL) on the functional properties of amaranth starch. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) showed that the 6.9 g of almond gum, 64.43 mL of water, and temperature maintained at 90 °C, were the optimised conditions to attain 16.77 g g−1of swelling power, 12.97% of solubility index, and 20.13% freeze-thaw stability. Moreover, the modified amaranth starch was further employed to develop pudding as a value-added product. The findings concluded that the developed pudding using modified amaranth starch exhibited enhanced sensorial attributes due to an increase in cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience of starch gel.
Tooth contact analysis of the effect of the addendum modification coefficient of helical gears having modified teeth
Authors: Bodzás Sándor
Published: February 2021

The helical gear pair is widely used in different mechanical constructions such as vehicle industry and working machine industry. The main property of them is the skew tooth direction with which better tooth connections could be available than in case of straight tooth direction. The analysis of the effect of the addendum modification coefficient for the normal stress and the normal deformation is the aim of the research which could be determined by finite element analysis. Five helical gear types are designed and modelled. The difference among them is only the different addendum modification coefficients. All of the other initial parameters are constant. After the result we determine the conclusions based on the diagram's results which are received by the mechanical parameters and the addendum modification coefficients.
Comparison of bus driving cycles elaborated for vehicle dynamic simulation
Authors: Vámosi Attila , Czégé Levente , Kocsis Imre
Published: February 2021

Due to the technological progress, new approaches such as model-based design are spreading in the development process in the automotive industry to meet the increased requirements related to lower fuel consumption and reduced emission. This work is part of a research project which focuses on dynamic modeling of vehicles aimed at analyzing and optimizing the emission and fuel consumption. To model the driver behavior, the simulation control algorithm requires a predetermined speed-time curve as an input. The completeness of this driving cycle is a crucial factor in the simulation, and as far as the legislative driving cycles are not accurate enough, it is indispensable to develop our own one representing our narrower area and driving conditions. This article considers two common drive cycle design methods, comparing the micro-trip-based approach and the Markov-chain approach. The new driving cycle has been developed applying the Markov-chain approach and compared to a driving cycle introduced in our recent paper using the micro-trip method. The comparison basis is the Speed-Acceleration Probability Distribution, which sufficiently reflects the dynamic behavior of the vehicle, and the root mean square error, including parameters such as the average speed, average cruising speed, average acceleration, average deceleration, root mean square acceleration, and idle time percentage. The representative Bus Driving Cycle for Debrecen is prepared to be applied in the vehicle dynamics simulation for evaluating and improving the fuel economy of vehicles, selecting the proper power source for various applications and the optimization of the powertrain and the energy consumption in researches to be continued.
Problematic Internet Use in early adolescence: The role of attachment and negative beliefs about worry
Authors: Marci Tatiana , Marino Claudia , Sacchi Chiara , Lan Xiaoyu , Spada Marcantonio M.
Published: February 2021

Background and aims

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) might be a potential mental health problem. Few studies have investigated the relative contribution of individual and family factors in the development of PIU in early adolescence. The aim of the current study was to model the relationship between attachment styles, negative beliefs about worry, and PIU in early adolescence.

Methods

Five hundred and thirty-eight Italian early adolescents (51% females, M age = 12.7 years, SD = 0.87) were included in this study. The pattern of relationships specified by the theoretical model was examined through path analysis.

Results

Results showed that avoidance (mother) and anxiety (father) were directly associated with PIU. Anxiety (mother) and avoidance (father) were indirectly associated with PIU via negative beliefs about worry.

Discussion and conclusions

Overall, our findings show that attachment toward mother and father are differently linked to PIU and that negative beliefs about worry may play a mediating role in the association between attachment and PIU. Findings are discussed within clinical and preventive implications.
Living through Transition: The Poetic Tradition of the Jbala between Orality and Literacy at a Time of Major Cultural Transformations
Authors: Gintsburg Sarali
Published: February 2021

In my paper I analyze transformations happening in the oral tradition of the Jbala, an Arabic speaking ethnic group inhabiting the western and central part of the Rif mountains of northern Morocco. My analysis centers on the work of two modern poets, who although they see themselves belonging to the oral tradition, compose their poetry in writing. Their poetry is, therefore, characterized by use of two different, and, to some degree, opposite modes of language – the oral and the written. This is especially interesting in the context of the Arabic language, where, officially, only Standard Arabic exists in two modes – oral and written, while its dialectal varieties are seen as exclusively oral forms of communication and ‘vulgar’ poetry. The textual analysis will be substantiated by information received directly from both poets. To complement this analysis I examine this tradition through the lens of major cultural and identity changes occurring in local Moroccan genres and traditions at the national level and argue that the oral tradition of the Jbala is converging with the more popular and prestigious tradition of the malhun.
Method for Protection of Copyright on Vector Data
Authors: Vybornova Yuliya , Sergeev Vladislav
Published: February 2021

The paper proposes a method of copyright protection for vector maps, based on the embedding of raster digital watermarks. The method combines original ideas, namely, a vector data watermarking approach that does not distort the coordinate information of vector objects and embedding of noise-like images that encode a binary sequence. The use of noise-like carrier allows to simplify the verification procedure, and also to ensure the resistance of the hidden bit sequence to distortions, including interpolation errors. In comparison with previous investigations made by the authors when solving problems of vector data protection, the robustness of the embedded noise-like digital watermarks has been significantly increased by developing a new algorithm for detection of the binary sequence hidden in the spectrum of a noise-like image. The purpose of the experimental studies was to assess the attainable probability of correct sequence extraction for various parameters and embedding conditions. The study of information capacity showed that the potential amount of information embedded in each polygon without distorting the watermark sequence depends on the type of a map, namely on the number of vertices that make up each polygon. An experimental study on robustness against potentially possible transformations aimed at maliciously deleting the digital watermark from the vector map is performed. The developed method demonstrates resistance to affine transformations, cropping, addition, removal and reordering of vertices / objects, and, thus, seems to be the optimal solution to the problem of copyright protection for vector data. The analysis of the method quality according to the criteria of accuracy, durability, information capacity, and computational complexity is performed. The results of all conducted studies confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed method for vector map protection, as well as its distinct advantage over the prior art.
School governance and funding policy in South Africa: Towards social justice and equity in education policy
Authors: Sayed Yusuf , Motala Shireen , Carel David , Ahmed Rashid
Published: February 2021

Equity and redress, in and through education, are fundamental commitments of the new South African democratic government that ensued in 1994 after a brutal and protracted history of colonial and apartheid segregation and oppression denied the majority black population the fundamental right to equitable and quality education. A raft of ambitious and far-reaching policies were put in place to achieve these laudable goals. Yet more than 26 years after the ending of colonial and apartheid rule, the South African education system, and society in general, remain, far from equal – made apparent by the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper we take a critical (re)look at South African education governance and funding policies, considering why the South African Schools Acts (SASA) and the National Norms and Standards for School Funding (NNSSF), first promulgated in 1997 and 1998 and subsequently amended, have not delivered as expected on the promises of equity, redistribution and redress. The paper advances conceptual flaws, operational failures and implementation naivety as to why these promises have not been realised, advocating for an alternative social justice model for school governance and funding.
Presenteeism and safety culture: evaluation of health workers in a teaching hospital
Authors: Zanon Roosi Eloiza Bolzan , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Andolhe Rafaela , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify associations between presenteeism and safety culture among health workers. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study with health workers from a teaching hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection took place through instruments of sample characterization, the Brazilian version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: a total of 758 (48%) professionals participated; 330 (43.5%) presenteeism were identified, who evaluated the safety culture more negatively compared to non- presenteeism. The safety culture had a mean less than 75; associations between presenteeism and general safety culture were observed, and with the domains of teamwork climate, safety climate, stress recognition and working conditions. Conclusions: presenteeism was associated with a safety culture, which requires investment by hospital management, with consideration to the health of workers.
Organizational and pedagogical characterization of vocational courses in nursing at SUS Schools
Authors: Ribeiro-Barbosa Juliana Costa , Silva Gilberto Tadeu Reis da , Carneiro-Zunino Elaine Kelly Nery , Vieira Silvana Lima , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Paiva Juliana Maciel Machado , Oliveira Núbia Lino de
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to know the organizational and pedagogical characteristics of vocational courses in nursing of Unified Health System Vocational Schools in northeastern Brazil. Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, developed in six schools that offer this course. As a data source, Pedagogical Political Project and Teaching Plans were used to search for information on courses’ organizational and pedagogical characteristics through indirect documentation, using three structured scripts. Results: most of the characteristics of the courses are convergent between schools, but pedagogical characterization items do not exist, presenting themselves as fragility regarding the outline of such normative characteristics. Final Considerations: the characterization of the courses demonstrates the schools’ commitment to training professionals aiming at quality of healthcare/nursing in/for the Unified Health System. However, the weakness found in the documents emerged as a challenge to be overcome, in order to better subsidize teaching and learning and qualify training.
Comments to the article “The political role of the State in Cambridge theories of growth and distribution”
Authors: OLIVEIRA JOÃO GABRIEL DE ARAUJO , SUGAHARA RENATO NOZAKI , TEIXEIRA JOANILIO RODOLPHO
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT This comment came to refute and correct the idea of Charles (2007) about the negatively implications in the income distribution when the government expand the consumption in favour to households. We prove that the political choice, to both cases (increasing consumption or increasing profit), impact positively the income distribution and does not affect the essential nature of the Kaldor neo-Pasinetti dynamic equilibrium results and the “Cambridge Equation”. The stability of the model is guarantee by applying the Olech’s Theorem to the case.
Crescimento econômico e inovação: uma estimativa da fronteira de possibilidades de inovação
Authors: CANCI EDIANE
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O presente artigo investiga o formato da fronteira de possibilidades de inovação para os Estados Unidos entre 1950 e 2011. Utiliza-se o modelo teórico de Kennedy (1964) para a estimação do modelo econométrico. O banco de dados utilizado foi o United States Long Term - USLT organizado, organizado por Dumenil e Lévy (1994). Os resultados sugerem que a fronteira de possibilidades de inovação é compatível com a descrição do progresso técnico ocorrido no período de análise e apontam a existência de um trade-off entre as taxas de crescimento das produtividades do trabalho e do capital para os Estados Unidos no período em estudo.
Financialisation and the Portuguese private consumption: two contradictory effects?
Authors: GONÇALVES ANDREIA , BARRADAS RICARDO
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT This paper makes an empirical evaluation of the relationship between financialisation and the Portuguese private consumption by performing a time series econometric analysis from the first quarter of 1996 to the third quarter of 2019. Framed within the post-Keynesian literature, financialisation has two contradictory effects on private consumption. The first one corresponds to the fall in the households’ labour income, which favours a deceleration of private consumption. The second one corresponds to the increase of households’ debt and the increase of households’ financial and housing wealth, which favours an acceleration of private consumption. The global net effect of financialisation tends to be positive because the beneficial wealth effect suppresses the harmful income effect. We estimated a private consumption equation that includes four control variables (unemployment rate, inflation rate, short-term interest rate and long-term interest rate) and three variables linked to financialisation (labour income, net financial wealth and housing wealth). Our results confirm that labour income, net financial wealth and housing wealth are positive determinants of Portuguese private consumption. Our results also show that financialisation has represented an important driver of Portuguese private consumption, particularly due to the beneficial effects of net financial wealth.
Envelhecimento da população e desigualdade
Authors: CARDOSO ELIANA , DIETRICH THAIS PERES , SOUZA ANDRÉ PORTELA
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O presente trabalho traça o perfil da população acima dos 65 anos no Brasil. Descreve o envelhecimento da população e as diferenças na expectativa de vida nas regiões com diferentes níveis de renda. Discute a renda e a distribuição de renda entre as pessoas acima de 65 anos e mostra que a distribuição de renda entre eles é mais igualitária do que entre a população com menos de 65 anos. Finalmente, ao rever alguns aspectos da discussão em torno da reforma da previdência, conclui com a observação da necessidade de uma agenda de treinamento e qualificação da mão de obra ao longo do ciclo de vida.
INSURGÊNCIA PERIFÉRICA E A TEORIA CRÍTICA DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS
Authors: Coelho Jaime Cesar , Lacaze Laura Mabel
Published: February 2021

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo central estabelecer um diálogo entre as obras de García Linera, pensador marxista e político boliviano, e Robert W. Cox um dos fundadores da teoria crítica de relações internacionais. Observa-se que os escritos de ambos os autores têm como elemento normativo comum uma perspectiva antissistêmica, orientada a pensar o potencial para a transformação desde uma perspectiva igualitária (econômica) e plural (o respeito às diferentes formas culturais de organização da vida social). O diálogo que se propõe tem como metodologia um estudo comparado das partes constitutivas daquilo que podemos chamar de ordem (status quo) e os elementos concretos de sua transformação nessa tensa relação (dialética) entre o local e o universal, entre o doméstico e o externo, referidos nas obras dos respectivos autores. Trata, portanto, de economia e de poder, de sociedade e de estado, de resistência e de transformação, de ordem e de revolução. Trata das potencialidades e dos limites da contestação periférica da ordem internacional.
Globalização farmacêutica e cidadania biológica: notas sobre a implementação da profilaxia pós-exposição no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Costa Adriano Henrique Caetano , Gonçalves Tonantzin Ribeiro
Published: February 2021

Com base em uma pesquisa etnográfica multissituada no campo da implementação da profilaxia pós-exposição (PEP) em serviços de saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, este estudo discute aspectos da micropolítica de oferta das “novas tecnologias de prevenção” mediante conceitos de globalização farmacêutica e cidadania biológica. A prevenção combinada sugere o emprego conjunto de estratégias comportamentais, biomédicas e estruturais para enfrentar o HIV, porém, nas margens (co)construídas dessa política, as ações dos serviços de saúde observados no Rio Grande do Sul evidenciaram a profunda fragmentação dessa combinação na rede, privilegiando-se o acesso à medicação. Estimulada por um cenário de globalização farmacêutica, a forma como a PEP é acessada e ofertada aos usuários enseja a articulação de uma cidadania biológica que implica o direito à prevenção, nesse caso por meio do direito individual de consumir a medicação. Contudo, o acesso a tal direito é perpassado por condicionamentos morais atrelados às categorias de risco e pelo contexto social dos usuários, reproduzindo-se iniquidades em saúde e empobrecendo a abordagem de aconselhamento. Discute-se a necessidade de que estratégias de prevenção combinada fortaleçam a abordagem das dimensões sociais e programáticas da epidemia, o que também potencializará a atenção às vulnerabilidades individuais na perspectiva da saúde integral.
Excesso de mortes durante a pandemia de COVID-19: subnotificação e desigualdades regionais no Brasil
Authors: Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , Cunha Geraldo Marcelo da , Marrero Lihsieh , Moreira Ronaldo Ismerio , Leite Iuri da Costa , Horta Bernardo Lessa
Published: February 2021

O Brasil é um dos países mais afetados pela pandemia de COVID-19 e o real número de mortes pela doença torna o cenário ainda mais desafiador. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o excesso de mortes e suas diferenças em adultos com 20 anos e mais em Manaus (Amazonas), Fortaleza (Ceará), Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, de acordo com o local de ocorrência do óbito, características demográficas e trajetória ao longo do tempo. Os dados foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e na Central de Informações do Registro Civil Nacional. As estimativas de óbitos esperados foram obtidas por meio de modelos aditivos generalizados quasi-Poisson com ajuste de sobredispersão. Entre 23 de fevereiro e 13 de junho de 2020, foram registradas 74.410 mortes naturais nas quatro cidades, com excesso de mortes de 46% (IC95%: 44-47). O maior excesso de mortes ocorreu em Manaus, 112% (IC95%: 103-121), seguido por Fortaleza, 72% (IC95%: 67-78), Rio de Janeiro, 42% (IC95%: 40-45) e São Paulo, 34% (IC95%: 32-36). O excesso de mortes foi maior nos homens e não significativo nas Semanas Epidemiológicas (SE) 9-12, exceto em São Paulo, 10% (IC95%: 6-14). Em geral, o pico de mortes excedentes ocorreu nas SE 17-20. O excesso de mortes não explicado diretamente pela COVID-19 e de mortes em domicílios/via pública foi alto, especialmente em Manaus. A elevada porcentagem de mortes excedentes, de mortes não explicadas diretamente pela COVID-19 e de mortes fora do hospital sugerem alta subnotificação de mortes por COVID-19 e reforça a extensa dispersão do SARS-CoV-2, como também a necessidade da revisão de todas as causas de mortes associadas a sintomas respiratórios pelos serviços de vigilância epidemiológica.
Isolamento social na sociedade administrada
Authors: Crochick José Leon
Published: February 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste texto é pensar se o atual isolamento das pessoas recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para o enfrentamento da pandemia do Sars-Cov2 reflete uma distância social para a qual já nos preparamos em nossa formação, quando essa é voltada à autoconservação. Para isso, examina-se, ainda que brevemente, questões associadas com: o poder político e econômico; o progresso social; os sentidos e a razão; e a aversão à sexualidade, tomando como base trabalhos dos autores da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade - Hebert Marcuse, Max Horkheimer e Theodor W. Adorno - e de Sigmund Freud.
The potential of “umbuzeiro” genotypes for the development of preserves
Authors: Santos Renata Torres dos Santos e , Santos Carlos Antônio Fernandes , Oliveira Viseldo Ribeiro de , Aidar Saulo de Tarso , Rybka Ana Cecília Poloni , Castro Clívia Danúbia Pinho da Costa , Biasoto Aline Camarão Telles
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: One of the relevant economic importances of the “umbuzeiro” (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) to the northeastern semiarid region of Brazil is the fruit processing to obtaining preserves. However, there are limitations in the production and standardization of this product, such as color, taste and texture, which are problems in the quality, identity, making it harder to achieve new markets. This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the potential of “umbu” genotypes (Access 37, Access 44, BRS 48, BRS 52, BRS 55 and BRS 68) registered by Embrapa in the development of preserves. It was evaluated the product pH, total acidity, water activity, soluble solids, moisture, firmness, color (L*, a*, b*), reducing and non-reducing sugars, vitamin C, syneresis and consumer acceptance regarding the overall impression. The CATA method was applied to describe the sensorial profile of the samples. According to the results, it was observed a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the physico-chemical composition of the samples, being samples produced from the access 37 and BRS 68 more appropriated for processing of preserves (in bars), with greater firmness and less syneresis. Consumers indicated products from the genotypes 37, 44, BRS 52 and BRS 55 as the ones with highest acceptance regarding the overall impression; the consumers associated the samples in different characterizations, associating the access 37 and BRS 68 with the characteristics of firm and delicious; the commercial sample was characterized as acid, adstringent and terrible.
CRANIAL OSTEOMYELITIS AS A COMPLICATION OF FURUNCULAR MYIASIS
Authors: Muñoz Nelson , Galvis Sandra , Patiño Oscar , Moneriz Carlos
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the case of an infant with infrequent cranial osteomyelitis as a complication of furuncular myiasis. Case description: The patient was a 4-month-old male who presented to the emergency department with a nodular skull lesion with edema, tenderness, pain, and purulent drainage, as well as progress of the ulcerated lesion and evidence of larvae inside. Antibiotic treatment was initiated, and the patient was taken to the operating room to remove the larvae, but he had no symptomatic improvement. A skull radiograph was taken to visualize the osteolytic lesion, and a 3D computed tomography scan showed osteomyelitis of the external parietal surface. Antibiotic management readjustment continued for a total of six weeks, and a skin flap was used with clinical improvement. Comments: Myiasis is defined as the infestation of vertebrates with fly larvae. In mammals, larvae can feed on host tissue and cause a wide range of infestations depending on their location in the body. The cranial osteomyelitis as a complication of myiasis described in this report seems to be an exceptional case.
Por uma Sociologia Sistêmica Pós-Colonial da América Latina
Authors: Dutra Roberto
Published: February 2021

RESUMO As aproximações entre os pressupostos epistemológicos e ontológicos da teoria social de Niklas Luhmann e das abordagens pós-coloniais têm sido ressaltadas e desenvolvidas na última década. No entanto, levantam-se sérias dúvidas sobre a possibilidade da teoria da sociedade de Luhmann se desvencilhar de seu ponto de vista eurocêntrico. Neste artigo propomos, em linhas gerais, como se poderia superar esse impasse na teoria sistêmica. Tomamos o caso da América Latina para exemplificar, em um esforço inicial, o distanciamento da teoria de Luhmann de sua perspectiva eurocêntrica em relação à sociedade mundial, propondo corrigir sua narrativa da diferenciação funcional como fenômeno resultante de processos de transformação e evolução social internos à Europa. A correção consiste em considerar as estruturas hierárquicas supranacionais do colonialismo como parte constitutiva do processo de formação da sociedade mundial funcionalmente diferenciada.
Avaliação do nível de satisfação discente de uma instituição de Ensino Superior: uma análise dos métodos da Teoria Clássica da Medida e da Teoria da Resposta ao Item
Authors: Petrassi Anna Cecilia Amaral , Bornia Antonio Cezar , Andrade Dalton Francisco
Published: February 2021

Resumo O presente trabalho compara as informações geradas pelo processo de autoavaliação de uma Instituição Federal de Educação Superior (Ifes), no contexto do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes), analisadas pela Comissão Própria de Avaliação da Ifes, ciclo de 2017, com as mesmas informações tratadas a partir do uso da Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI) no lugar da Teoria Clássica da Medida, com objetivo de demonstrar como o processo de análise pode se beneficiar com a utilização da TRI, sendo um instrumento mais robusto para a análise e o desenho de ações de melhorias na gestão institucional. Para isso, foi selecionado o extrato “categoria discente” da avaliação sobre a instituição, no segundo ciclo de 2017. Foram descritas e comparadas as duas teorias, a clássica e a TRI. Com os dados coletados da instituição, foram calculadas e explicadas as curvas de informação dos itens e do teste, por meio da análise propiciada pela TRI foi demonstrado o ganho que se pode obter com a sua utilização na autoavaliação institucional.
Monolithic equivalent stiffness of precast columns with grouted splice sleeve connections
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo de Araujo , Bachega Luís Augusto , Catoia Bruna
Published: February 2021

abstract The aim of this paper is the validation of monolithic equivalent stiffness applied to precast columns with grouted splice sleeve connections, wherein spliced precast elements have been compared with continuous monolithic elements. The experimental investigation has been carried out with bending tests for two spliced elements (L1 and L2), comparing the deflections along these elements with the results obtained from two monolithic elements (M1 and M2). The grouted splice sleeve connections have been characterized by their rotational stiffness (moment-rotation relationship), ultimate strength, and ductility, allowing the calibration of the equation for the secant stiffness according to ABNT NBR9062:2017. Based on the experimental results, the effective deformation length within the connection zone obtained was Led = 20ϕ, corresponding to a secant stiffness of Rsec = 77,785 kN∙m/rad. Although relative rotations have been observed at the grouted splice joint, the deflections along the precast spliced elements were very close to the deflections along the monolithic elements. A strong convergence for all phases of the load x displacement curves has been observed, as well as good approximation in terms of rotational stiffness, strength and ductility. Therefore, based on the analysis of the experimental results, the requirement to define the monolithic equivalent stiffness for the precast columns has been met.
Study of the anisotropic elastic response of a foliated phyllite
Authors: Villalobos Felipe A. , Rodríguez Paula A. , Vera Miguel
Published: February 2021

Anisotropy is a crucial characteristic of metamorphic rocks whereby minerals oriented in a preferential direction can originate mineral foliation. Inherent anisotropy can affect the rock behaviour significantly. Transverse isotropy is a particular case of anisotropy where foliation planes are distributed in the rock mass. Therefore, in this study the anisotropy effect on the elastic properties of a foliated phyllite is considered. To this end, a series of laboratory tests was programmed. Triaxial tests were carried out under confining pressures up to 20 MPa. Elastic parameters such as elasticity modulus, E, and Poisson's ratio, ν, are assessed from triaxial test results as well as from ultrasonic tests, where compression and shear wave velocities are determined. Empirical relationships for elastic parameters are suggested as a function of foliation angle, β, and confinement. In addition, anisotropy indexes are adopted to evaluate results, comparing when possible with those of previous works. It was found that E increases with confinement; however, the effect of anisotropy on E reduces with confinement. It was also found that ν is affected by β but not by confinement.
Purification of the NLRP1-DPP9 Complex from Expi293F Cells v1
Authors: R R Hollingsworth Louis
Published: February 2021

Protocol associated with "DPP9 sequesters the NLRP1 C-terminus to repress inflammasome activation" by Hollingsworth*, Sharif*, Griswold* et al., Bachovchin, and Wu. Please address any questions to Bobby Hollingsworth (bobbyh11@vt.edu). General Expi293F expression protocol adapted from Dr. Andrew Kruse's protocols.
RNA and DNA extraction (Qiagen) of frozen tissue to nanopore sequencing v1
Authors: RA Pederson Eric
Published: February 2021

RNA extraction of extraction using the Qiagen Allprep RNA extraction kit followed by nanopore sequencing on the MinION.
Incidencia de la multimodalidad y la pedagogía de género en la escritura de Informes Descriptivos en segundo básico
Authors: Maturana Araneda Carmen Luz , Gálvez Fredes Bárbara
Published: February 2021

La integración de la multimodalidad en el sistema escolar representa un desafío para la alfabetización actual. Desde la perspectiva de los géneros discursivos, este estudio analiza la escritura de un género escolar: la descripción de un animal fantástico en segundo básico. El objetivo general del estudio es comprender la incidencia de la multimodalidad y un ciclo de enseñanza aprendizaje en la escritura de 46 textos pertenecientes al género discursivo informe descriptivo. Los textos fueron escritos por estudiantes de segundo básico de un colegio de Santiago de Chile que presenta bajos resultados en escritura, vulnerabilidad social y un alto número de estudiantes migrantes, de mayoría haitiana. Se hace un análisis cualitativo de la escritura, a partir de un pretest y un postest posterior a un ciclo de enseñanza-aprendizaje, realizados en octubre de 2019. En ambas evaluaciones, se observan las etapas del informe descriptivo. El análisis gramatical se efectúa a nivel de la metafunción ideacional, desde el sistema de transitividad, por medio de la observación de Procesos y Participantes. Asimismo, se observa el rol de la imagen para materializar los referentes descritos, con la intención de comprender cómo se realiza el tema no marcado con sujeto elidido, desde la perspectiva de la metafunción textual. Los principales resultados muestran que la perspectiva multimodal y el ciclo de enseñanza aprendizaje permitieron desarrollar autonomía en el proceso de escritura. Así, las producciones escritas interpretan la experiencia por medio de Procesos Relacionales, los que establecen una relación entre el Participante y sus características. Finalmente, el Tema no marcado se materializa por medio del sujeto elidido en concordancia con el verbo.
Fostering Written Production of Review Texts among EFL University Students Through a Genre-Based Approach
Authors: Durán Diana Carolina
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the effects of a Genre-Based Approach (gba) on 54 participants’ abilities to write a review text of a mobile application or website while reflecting on the “evaluating a text” function embedded in the target genre. The participants belonged to a pre-intermediate (A2.2 cefr) efl course offered at a university in Bogotá, Colombia that has implemented a gba for over five years. The program recently adapted the teaching and learning cycle to give more prominence to the students’ active participation in the Joint Construction phase by including systematic peer feedback with the further purpose of giving learners more independence from the teacher. The study aimed to assess the effects of the implementation on participants’ written production and to explore their insights and awareness of the selected genre. Data were collected through students’ artifacts, an online questionnaire, and focus groups, and were analyzed following a mixed-methods approach that incorporated grounded theory and descriptive statistics. Findings suggest an overall comprehension of the social purpose of the chosen genre, outstanding achievements of the task, a favorable acceptance of the implementation, and a perception of usefulness related to the peer feedback routines, although peer feedback was also considered the biggest challenge the participants faced.
STUDY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE INTERACTION OF ACTIVE-MATRIX THIN FILM TRANSISTORS
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy , Tran Minh Ngoc , Vu Minh Tu , Pham Thi Dung
Published: February 2021

Active-matrix thin film transistors (TFTs) on glass substrates with a metal backplane, that are applied for flat panel displays, can be considered as a metamaterial absorber. In this study, TFT structures using doped silicon at source, drain, and channel terminals are investigated. These terminals are unchanged in size of 75 µm square and thickness of 5.3 µm. The electric conductivity is varied at the channel. The simulation results show that the structures with 500 S\m electric conductivity channels absorb incident electromagnetic waves with appropriately 100% at 758 GHz and a wide bandwidth of 20 GHz. As the electrical conductivity increases, the absorption and bandwidth are smaller at the main resonance peak. As the electrical conductivity decreases, the absorption falls at the resonance frequency, but the bandwidth is broadened. In addition, the electric field in the channel may influence the electron in the semiconductor and the electrical current between the source and drain terminals. By observing the electric field at the resonance frequency, we found that it is focused on the sides of channel terminals.
GROWTH INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF THE RHIZOME CRUDE EXTRACT OF Curcuma longa ON THE HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGUS Mucor circinelloides
Authors: Nguyen Anh Phuong , Le Thi Tuyet Mai , Trieu Anh Trung
Published: February 2021

Mucormycosis is an uncommon but life-threatening invasive fungal infection, mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Lacking the appropriate antifungal drugs is one of the reasons that lead to difficulties in the management of mucormycosis. Curcuma longa has been used traditionally and widely to treat various diseases, including fungal infections. In the search for novel antifungal compounds from natural resources, we evaluated the effect of rhizome crude extract of C. longa on Mucor circinelloides – a causal agent of mucormycosis. The results of screening, using broth dilution method and agar-well diffusion method, showed that the C. longa extract exhibited promising antifungal activity against the fungus M. circinelloides. In liquid medium, C. longa extract decreased the ability of spore germination and the speed of hyphae formation of M. circinelloides decreased by up to approximately 70% and 90%, respectively. Besides, in a solid medium, the crude extract presented similar activity with amphotericin B (400 μg\mL) in decreasing the growth of M. circinelloides by nearly 77%. Moreover, the extract of C. longa also likely to induce the yeast-like type of growth of the dimorphic M. circinelloides in the early stage. These results suggest the plant could be a potential source for further study on biochemical components and the mechanism of its antifungal activity.
THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF BATS (MAMMALIA: CHIROPTERA) IN CAT BA NATIONAL PARK, NORTHERN VIETNAM
Authors: Vu Dinh Thong , Sichanh Southaphan , Pham Van Nha
Published: February 2021

Prior to the present study, literature reviews revealed that 31 species of bats belonging to six families and 14 genera were identified in Cat Ba National Park in Northern Vietnam However, the conservation status of many species remains unclear and is still subject to debate. Among the 31 species, 11 are common while the remainder have been rarely captured since 1942. At least two species, Hipposideros alongensis and H. khaokhouayensis, which are globally considered vulnerable, are very common in Cat Ba National Park. This paper provides an update on the current status of each species based on data from recent field surveys with reference to previous publications and the current IUCN Red List (iucnredlist.org). Results from the recent surveys included eight individuals provisionally identified as Myotis cf. pilosus. The taxonomic status of five species (Aselliscus dongbacanus, Hipposideros gentilis, Hipposideros grandis, Miniopterus magnater, Murina harrisoni) are updated following recent assessments. This information will inform future research and conservation actions.