bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-stage Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring method for multi-state loads
Authors: Wang Lei , Han Xia , Cheng Yushu , Ma Jiaqi , Zhang Xuerui , Han Xiaoqing
Published: January 2025

The loads that have several working states cannot be accurately distinguished by the conventional Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) methods. This paper proposed an improved NILM method based on the Resnet18 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to address the misidentification of multi-state appliances. The V-I trajectories of loads are at first classified with Resnet18. Then, load features with low redundancy is obtained through the Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy (mRMR) feature selection algorithm from various operating states of loads that were not successfully classified. The SVM algorithm is developed for two-stage identification to achieve high accuracy of classification for identifying the multi-state appliances quickly. This proposed NILM method can significantly improve the accuracy of identification for multi-state loads. Finally, the Plaid dataset is acquired to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced people with HIV: 12-month virologic effectiveness and safety outcomes in the BICSTaR Japan cohort
Authors: Yokomaku Yoshiyuki , Teruya Katsuji , Watanabe Dai , Endo Tomoyuki , Minami Rumi , Taguchi Nao , Cassidy Tali , Marongiu Andrea , Thorpe David , Shirasaka Takuma , Oka Shinichi
Published: January 2025

BICSTaR (BICtegravir Single Tablet Regimen) is an ongoing, observational cohort study assessing the virologic effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in treatment-experienced (TE) and treatment-naïve (TN) people with HIV across 14 countries over 24 months. We present 12-month outcomes from participants in the BICSTaR Japan cohort. Retrospective and prospective data were pooled from people with HIV aged ≥20 years receiving B/F/TAF within routine clinical care in Japan. Outcomes included virologic effectiveness (primary endpoint; HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL), CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, drug-related adverse events (DRAEs), persistence, and patient-reported outcomes (prospective TN cohort only). Overall, 200 participants were enrolled and included in the 12-month analysis population (150 retrospective, 50 prospective; 116 TN and 84 TE). Most participants were male at birth (99%); median age was 34 years in TN and 45 years in TE participants. At 12 months, virologic effectiveness was high: 92% (90/98) of TN and 95% (72/76) of TE participants had HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL (missing = excluded analysis). Median (quartile [Q]1, Q3) CD4 cell count increased by +202.0 (126.0, 311.0) cells/μL in TN (p<0.001) and +11.0 (−60.0, 87.0) cells/μL in TE (p = 0.380) participants. Through 12 months, DRAEs were reported by 13% (25/200) of all participants (16% [18/116] TN, 8% [7/84] TE); diarrhea, weight gain, and headache were the most common. Most DRAEs were mild in severity and no severe DRAEs were reported. One TN participant (<1%; 1/116) and two TE participants (2%; 2/84) discontinued B/F/TAF due to DRAEs (macrocytic anemia, vertigo, diarrhea, and headache). Treatment persistence at 12 months exceeded 98% in both TN and TE participants. In prospective TN participants, improvements in bothersome symptom count and quality-of-life measures were observed. B/F/TAF demonstrated high levels of virologic effectiveness and tolerability in people with HIV treated as part of routine clinical care in Japan.
Fabrication of glipizide loaded polymeric microparticles; in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation
Authors: Rasheed Qaiser , Ahmad Khan Kamran , Razaque Ghulam , Ahmad Ashfaq , Nawaz Asif , Akhtar Naheed , Ullah Shah Kifayat , Rasul Niazi Zahid , Danish Saeed Muhammad , Alam Anila
Published: January 2025

Controlled-release microparticles offer a promising avenue for enhancing patient compliance and minimizing dosage frequency. In this study, we aimed to design controlled-release microparticles of Glipizide utilizing Eudragit S100 and Methocel K 100 M polymers as controlling agents. The microparticles were fabricated through a simple solvent evaporation method, employing various drug-to-polymer ratios to formulate different controlled-release batches labeled as F1 to F5. Evaluation of the microparticles encompassed a range of parameters including flow properties, particle size, morphology, percentage yield, entrapment efficiencies, percent drug loading, and dissolution studies. Additionally, various kinetic models were employed to elucidate the drug release mechanism. Furthermore, difference and similarity factors were utilized to compare the dissolution profiles of the tested formulations with a reference formulation. The compressibility index and angle of repose indicated favorable flow properties of the prepared microparticles, with values falling within the range of 8 to 10 and 25 to 29, respectively. The particle size distribution of the microparticles ranged from 95.3 to 126 μm. Encouragingly, the microparticles exhibited high percent yield (ranging from 66 to 77%), entrapment efficiency (80 to 96%), and percent drug loading (46 to 54%). All formulated batches demonstrated controlled drug release profiles extending up to 12 hours, with glipizide release following an anomalous non-Fickian diffusion pattern. However, the drug release profiles of the reference formulation and various polymeric microparticles did not meet the acceptable limits of difference and similarity factors. In-vivo studies revealed sustained hypoglycemic effects over a 12-hour period, indicating the efficacy of the controlled-release microparticles. Overall, our findings suggest the successful utilization of polymeric materials in designing controlled-release microparticles, thereby reducing dosage frequency and potentially improving patient compliance.
Barriers and facilitators to conducting human subjects research at a safety net institution from the perspective of researchers
Authors: Barnes Sarah J. , Na Yewon , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Linas Benjamin A. , Bosch Nicholas A. , Tamlyn Autumn L.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed glaring problems with clinical research enterprise. Faced with crisis, several trials opened rapidly but enrolled homogenous populations with few Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) individuals. Inclusive trial enrollment is important to inspire trust and confidence in BIPOC populations that have been historically excluded or harmed from research and to improve the generalizability of research findings. Safety-net hospitals and institutions often care for BIPOC populations, and thus it is essential to improve equitable participation in research at these institutions. In this study, we sought to understand barriers and facilitators to research participation at safety net institutions.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews among principal investigators, research assistants, research coordinators, and research nurses who conducted human subjects research at an urban, safety-net hospital from October, 2022 to December, 2022. We used inductive qualitative methods to identify themes associated with barriers and facilitators to clinical research participation.

Results

We completed 28 interviews and identified five themes: (1) compared to non-safety net systems, safety-net systems were perceived to require additional resources and funding to achieve comparable research recruitment and retention; (2) language barriers and translational processes are burdensome for researchers; (3) interactions between research staff and patients impact trust; (4) social determinants of health specific to safety-net populations are a barrier to participation; (5) competing priorities between clinical staff and researchers exist.

Conclusion

Safety net institutions face several barriers to conducting human subjects research. However, identified facilitators may help inform future efforts to reduce inequities in research participation.
Denovo variants in POGZ and YY1 genes: The novel mega players for neurodevelopmental syndromes in two unrelated consanguineous families
Authors: Mudassir Behjat Ul , Mudassir Mujaddid , Williams Jamal B. , Agha Zehra
Published: January 2025

Novel denovo variants of exome sequences are major cause of pathogenic neurodevelopmental disorders with a dominant genetic mechanism that emphasize their heterogeneity and complex phenotypes. White Sutton syndrome and Gabriele-de-Vries syndrome are congenital neuro-impairments with overlap of severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, convulsions, seizures, delayed development, dysmorphism of faces, retinal diseases, movement disorders and autistic traits. POGZ gene codes for pogo transposable element-derived zinc-finger protein and YY1 gene regulates transcription, chromatin, and RNA-binding proteins that have been associated with White Sutton and Gabriele-de-Vries syndromes, in recent data. We present probands of two unrelated consanguineous families with complicated, unexplained neurocognitive syndromic characteristics clinically undiagnosed. Objectives of the study were to identify altered genetics and protein characteristics underlying molecular pathological pathways in both the patients. Whole exome sequencing identifies novel, denovo missense variant NM_015100.4: c.776 C>T (p. Pro259Leu) in exons 19 of POGZ gene and non-frameshift variant NM_003403.5: c.141_143delGGA (p. Glu47del) in exon 1 of YY1 gene for White Sutton syndrome in eight years five-month-old girl and Gabriele-de-Vries syndrome in seven years eight months old boy residing in Rawalpindi and Chakwal districts of Punjab, Pakistan respectively. Protein modelling for identified variants predicts size and conformation modifications in mutated amino acid residues that lead to damaging effects in the conserved domains expressed as neurological pathophysiology. The present study widens the diversely ethnic and highly inbred gene pool of Punjab, Pakistan population for spontaneously originated deleterious mutations and contributes to the continuously expanding phenotypic canvas. Molecular genetic identification and personalized diagnosis for the patients suffering from complicated neurodevelopmental phenotypes, for better care, management of day-to-day activities and prolonged life span are the utmost hopes.
Temporal trends in aerobic physical activity guideline adherence among nationally representative samples of U.S adults between 2011 and 2019: Cross-sectional findings from a sample of over 2 million adults
Authors: Abernethy David , Bennie Jason , Pavey Toby
Published: January 2025

Background

Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern associated with numerous adverse health outcomes and substantial economic costs. This study describes the prevalence, trends and correlates for adherence to moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines among a large sample of U.S. adults.

Methods

Data from the 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys were analyzed. Self-reported MVPA was assessed by the same item across each survey. Population-weighted prevalence was calculated for meeting MVPA guidelines (150+ mins/wk). Adjusted prevalence ratios for reporting sufficient MVPA across sociodemographic, behavioral and health variables were calculated by multivariate Poisson regression.

Results

Data was available for 2,052,288 respondents (≥ 18 years). Across the surveys, the prevalence of sufficient MVPA fluctuated but remained between 49.5% and 51.1%. Among those aged 18 to 24, the prevalence of sufficient MVPA declined between surveys, from 56.5% in 2011 to 49.7% in 2019. Notable correlates of adhering to guidelines included male sex, higher education, former and never smokers, normal body mass index and increased fruit and vegetable consumption.

Conclusion

From 2011 to 2019, approximately half of US adults reported sufficient MVPA, with a steady decline observed among young adults. While many identified correlates of adhering to PA guidelines were observed, this study has provided further evidence for correlates that had previously provided inconsistent or inconclusive results. These findings emphasize the complexity of addressing physical inactivity and the importance of multifaceted public health strategies tailored to diverse populations.
Depression among people living in rural and urban areas of Thailand: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahikul Wiriya , Lamlertthon Wisut , Ngaosuwan Kanchana , Nonthasaen Pawaree , Srisermphoak Napat , Chancharoen Wares , Chatree Saimai , Arnamwong Arpaporn , Narayam Pisinee , Wandeecharassri Chatchamon , Wongpanawiroj Pakin
Published: January 2025

Background

Depression has a growing trend in the population worldwide. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the prevalence and associated factors of depression among individuals residing in rural (Ban Luang district, Nan Province) and urban (Lak Si, Bangkok) areas of Thailand. Understanding the differences in depression between these two settings can provide insights for specific targeted interventions and mental health policies.

Methods

The multistage stratified random sampling was applied to select the study participants. We recruited participants from rural and urban communities in Thailand using a structured survey questionnaire through either face-to-face interviews or in paper or electronic form. We collected data on depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) tool and sociodemographic characteristics and conducted descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of 867 survey participants, 420 were from rural areas (Nan) and 447 were from urban areas (Bangkok). Participants’ mean age was 55.9±9.5 years in rural areas and 56.0±12.0 years in urban areas. Most participants in urban areas were women, married, and had lower education levels (71.1%, 50.3%, 58.8%, respectively). The overall prevalence of depression across both settings was 18.6%. We found a higher prevalence of depression in the urban (31.8%) than the rural (4.5%) setting. In multiple logistic regression analysis, urban residence was significantly associated with higher rates of depression compared with rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.08–17.52). Nuclear family and using social media were associated with lower levels of depression in urban areas (AOR 0.50 and 0.43, 95% CI 0.27–0.93 and 0.22–0.84, respectively). Higher education level was significantly associated with higher levels of depression in rural areas (AOR 3.84, 95% CI 1.19–12.42).

Conclusion

This study emphasized the difference in depression and related factors between rural and urban areas of Thailand, highlighting a greater prevalence in urban areas. To help prevent depression, it is important to address specific challenges in each setting, such as those faced by highly educated individuals living in rural areas with high depression rates, exploring social media use patterns in urban populations, and understanding dynamics of the nuclear family. Our findings can inform the development of public health policies aimed at effectively mitigating the burden of depression and improving overall mental well-being in specific settings.
Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults aged 70 years and older, 1990–2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Meng Kaifang , Chen Xu , Chen Zhishang , Xu Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally over the past 30 years. However, a comprehensive assessment of the burden of COPD in older adults is lacking. We aimed to estimate the burden of COPD and its attributable risk factors among adults aged ≥70 years.

Methods

Data on the prevalence, incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and risk factors of COPD among adults aged ≥70 years from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries and territories, were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to illustrate temporal trends at global and regional levels from 1990 to 2021.

Results

In 2021, the global numbers of prevalent and incident COPD cases among older adults were 99.7 and 7.4 million, increasing by 162.2% and 157.4% from 1990. The prevalence and incidence rates increased from 18823.5 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 16324.4–21208.4) to 20165.6 (17703.8–22549.4) and 1429.0 (1224.2–1613.0) to 1502.7 (1309.0–1677.9) per 100,000 population (EAPC 0.31, 95% CI 0.28–0.33; 0.17, 95% CI 0.16–0.19). The global numbers of COPD-associated deaths and DALYs in 2021 reached 2.9 and 45.4 million, increasing by 70.7% and 70.0% from 2019, while the corresponding rates declined (both EAPC <0). The highest prevalence and the largest increase in incidence rate occurred in high sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, while the largest increase in death and DALY rates occurred in the low SDI regions. The United States had the highest prevalence rates in 2021, while Iran had the largest increase. From 1990 to 2021, the death rates attributable to ambient ozone pollution-related COPD in older adults have risen, particularly in low and low-middle SDI regions.

Conclusion

COPD in older adults has progressively become a global health challenge with rising prevalence and incidence rates. Although the death and DALY rates attributed to COPD have globally decreased in older adults, the absolute counts are rapidly increasing. The inequalities across different regions and countries underscore a multi-faceted approach to COPD management in older adults.
Study on the path of clustering construction of rural primary schools’ aesthetic education programs from the perspective of resource integration
Authors: Han Zhankun , Xie Yunhu
Published: January 2025

Aesthetic education is an important part of the overall development of students. This study analyzes the number of rural schools and enrollment, number of classes, and number of full-time teachers in those schools from 2013 to 2022, and clarifies the current challenges in aesthetic education in rural elementary schools and the path of quality improvement. It then constructs a curriculum cluster model that shares resources, teachers, management, instructional design, and practical activities, etc. The results find that (1) the number of rural primary schools in 2013–2022 shows a decreasing trend, and in 2022 there was a 45.77% decrease relative to 2013. The number of rural elementary schools in 2022 shows a decreasing trend, and the relative decrease in 2022 compared with 2013 is 45.77%. From 2013 to 2022, the number of elementary schools in rural areas was more than 50% of the total number of elementary schools. Rural elementary schools in China are scattered, the distribution rate of aesthetic education resources is low, and it is difficult to popularize high-quality aesthetic education resources. (2) The number of classes in China’s rural elementary schools decreased 30.28% from 1.139 million in 2013 to 788,000 in 2022. The small size of rural schools, small number of teaching classes, and small number of students lead to less investment in resources for schools to offer aesthetic education, and the integration of collective public art courses cannot be realized. (3) Using the model of a “two-dimensional aesthetic education curriculum cluster,” we can improve the high-quality development of aesthetic education in rural schools. (4) The design path of the aesthetic education curriculum clusters focuses on the implementation and implantation of teaching objectives, teaching design and teaching process by grade, and links interest activities, nature and social observation activities, etc. Organically with aesthetic education. This study can thereby an effective path for the improvement of the quality of aesthetic education in rural elementary schools and the high-quality development of aesthetic education in rural schools.
Inadequate wastewater management in Dhaka’s major hospitals: A socio-technical systems analysis of leadership, policy, and technological challenges
Authors: Amin Nuhu , Foster Tim , Shimki Nafeya Tabassum , Hasan Md Rezaul , Sarkar Supriya , Adnan Shaikh Daud , Rahman Aninda , Khan Rizwana , Rahman Mahbubur , Willetts Juliet
Published: January 2025

Unsafe hospital wastewater (HWW) is a significant concern, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the health impact is often underreported. Socio-technical systems (STS) theory, which examines the interplay between social and technical elements within complex systems, is widely used in developed countries but rarely applied in LMIC hospitals. STS theory was employed to evaluate the social and technical aspects of HWW treatment and management in Dhaka City, alongside a comprehensive assessment of WWT processes. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative (structured observations) and qualitative interviews. Structured observations assessed the availability and functionality of WWT systems in selected hospitals. The fieldworkers conducted 30 key-informant interviews across 13 hospitals, including 21 respondents from government and nine from private hospitals. The respondents were cleaners, key health professionals, and public works department (PWD) engineers. We also analyzed relevant government reports and policies. Among the hospitals surveyed, 10 had some form of WWT system, while the remaining three lacked any treatment infrastructure. Of those with WWT, seven utilized anaerobic baffled reactors and three had septic tanks. Interviews revealed that hospital authorities prioritize patient care and medical equipment maintenance over WWT, with limited understanding among hospital staff regarding WWT. PWD-engineers reported frequent staff shortages and bureaucratic delays, affecting the efficiency of WWT system repairs and desludging. Our study identified significant gaps in WWT in Dhaka hospitals, including the limited use of adequate treatment technologies, poor wastewater management knowledge, and many systems in disrepair, leading to hazardous liquid being discharged directly into the environment. The STS approach highlighted the need for policy formulation for HWW regulation, government leadership, adequate financing, technical assistance, and staff capacity building. Addressing these issues comprehensively can lead to safer and more sustainable wastewater management practices in HCFs, ultimately benefiting public health and the environment.
Techno-musicality in Australian secondary music classrooms
Authors: Bennison Becky
Published: January 2025

Techno-musicality – the mechanics of audio production on the meaningful effect of a recording – is an integral part of composition, production and performance of popular music. Yet this discussion is largely absent from Australian music classrooms. The pedagogy of aural perception is taught as part of the Australian music curriculum and framed via six concepts/elements of music – pitch, duration, structure, texture, timbre and dynamics/expressive techniques. Student engagement with these six concepts largely neglects to address matters of techno-musicality. A study, conducted across Australian secondary students and their educators, revealed that students demonstrate rudimentary skills and/or knowledge to adequately engage with techno-musicality in their listening analyses, and yet educators are willing and mostly confident working in this area. This article addresses the importance of techno-musicality to meaningful analyses of recorded sound and discusses how educators can equip students to engage with techno-musicality utilizing the musical concepts and, in particular, timbre and expressive techniques.
Araris Biotech and Chugai Pharmaceuticals to Develop Next-Generation Tailor-made ADCs
Authors:   Sunvalley Communication, LLC / ADC Review, Garcia Danielle
Published: January 2025

Araris Biotech, a spin-off company from the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and ETH Zurich, developing next-generation antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), has entered a Research Collaboration and Option to License Agreement with Japanese Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, a subsidiary of Roche, for the development of novel ADCs using Araris' proprietary linker-conjugation technology platform, AraLinQ™, using antibodies against undisclosed targets provided by Chugai.
The Relationship Between Inflation and Trade Openness: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Evans , Baffour Alexander Amo
Published: January 2025

The correlation between economic growth, trade openness, and inflation has been extensively studied over the years, yielding varied outcomes. Recent disruptions caused by events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war have significantly affected the global economy, resulting in a notable increase in inflation rates, particularly in developing countries. This study investigates the impacts of trade openness and inflation on the Ghanaian economy from 1990 to 2022. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing for cointegration and the Granger causality test for empirical analysis, the study reveals a mixed short-term effect, showing both positive and negative impacts of trade openness and inflation on economic growth in Ghana. While no long-term effect of trade openness is observed, inflation is found to have a negative long-term influence on growth. Additionally, the results of the Granger causality test suggest a unidirectional causal relationship between trade openness and economic development.
Hemorrhagic Shock Presenting as the First Manifestation of Inflammatory Stricturing Crohn's Disease
Authors: Sumethasorn Matt , Lee Patrick , Mann Neel K. , Choi Sarah M. , Xiao Guang-Qian , Cherfane Cynthia , Zhang Bing
Published: January 2025

While hematochezia is common in Crohn's disease (CD), severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage causing hemodynamic instability is rare. Strictures, another frequent complication, usually cause obstructive symptoms. We report the first case of hemorrhagic shock from ulcerated ileal strictures as the initial presentation of CD. Standard endoscopy and abdominal imaging did not identify the bleeding source, but capsule endoscopy detected ulcerated strictures confirmed by double-balloon enteroscopy. The patient underwent small bowel resection to reduce rebleeding risk and was started on anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. This atypical presentation of stricturing CD with hemorrhagic shock underscores the importance of small bowel enteroscopy in guiding clinical decisions.
An analysis of government financial reporting transparency in developing economies: the extent of compliance with cash-based IPSAS disclosures
Authors: MNIF Yosra , Sahbi MALLEH
Published: January 2025

This study aims to assess the degree of government compliance with cash-based IPSAS disclosure requirements in developing economies, and to highlight the areas of non-compliance relating to this standard. Based on a self-constructed checklist consisting of 68 disclosure items for a sample of 248 entity-year-observations relating to 62 central government entities from 10 DCs, the study findings reveal significant diversities in compliance levels with cash-based IPSAS disclosure requirements between the selected countries, varying between 33.8 % and 80.8 %, with an overall mean compliance index of 55.1% over the 2020-2023 period. Moreover, the research results demonstrate that, despite the significant improvement in the cash-based IPSAS disclosure level over time, full compliance with this standard has not been achieved by government entities. Thus, a number of non-compliance areas are identified in the present research. This paper contributes to the public sector accounting literature by providing new insights into the degree of government financial transparency in the context of developing countries. This research is among the first to focus exclusively on the analysis of compliance level with cash-based IPSAS and to identify the main areas of non-compliance with this standard.
Разнообразие досугового поведения и личностный потенциал как предикторы психологического благополучия
Authors: Леонтьев Дмитрий Алексеевич , Осин Евгений Николаевич , Рыкун Артем Юрьевич , Дымшиц Михаил Наумович , Кошелева Наталья Валерьевна , Сухушина Елена Валерьевна
Published: January 2025

В статье представлены результаты предварительного этапа психолого-социологического проекта, направленного на изучение взаимосвязей объективных и субъективных показателей качества жизни, а также характеристик личности, агрегированных в обобщенный показатель личностного потенциала. Исследование было выполнено на данных опроса населения четырех районов Томской области, включая областной центр. Анкета для интервью состояла как из традиционных прямых вопросов, так и из экспресс-шкал психологической диагностики индикаторов позитивного функционирования личности. В итоговой базе были учтены 1511 анкет и 187 переменных.
В результате анализа были описаны характерные для респондентов виды досуговых занятий с учетом районной специфики, которая ограничивала возможность их общей классификации. Регрессионный анализ предикторов досуговых занятий с добавлением в регрессионное уравнение на втором шаге показателей личностного потенциала показал, что из числа демографических переменных наиболее сильное влияние на выбор форм досуга оказывают возраст, уровень образования и материальное благосостояние. Личностный потенциал дает небольшую, но значимую прибавку в доле объясняемой дисперсии. Наиболее информативным показателем оказалась мера разнообразия видов досуга. Она же выступила значимым предиктором всех переменных, относящихся к субъективному благополучию. При этом наиболее важный предиктор всех индикаторов благополучия — личностный потенциал, который объяснял более высокую долю дисперсии, чем демографические переменные и показатели досуга. Таким образом, исследование проливает свет на взаимодействие объективных, субъективных и субъектных показателей качества жизни на материале досуговой деятельности.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в Международной лаборатории позитивной психологии личности и мотивации НИУ ВШЭ в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2022-325).
Представления прародителей о самостоятельности младших школьников и младших подростков: опыт бабушек
Authors: Цыганова Екатерина Михайловна , Нисская Анастасия Константиновна
Published: January 2025

Выполняя регулятивную, интегративную и социализацирующую функции, являясь частью семейной системы, прародители выступают носителями представлений о самостоятельности, напрямую или опосредованно воздействующими на формирование таковой у детей. Имея опыт проживания в различных временных периодах и наблюдая социальные и культурные перемены российского общества, прародители могут репрезентативно воспроизвести трансформацию представлений о самостоятельности. Целью исследования стало изучение представлений бабушек о детской самостоятельности в прошлом и настоящем. В удобную выборку вошли 14 бабушек младших школьников 7―10 лет (n = 7) и младших подростков 11―14 (n = 7), в возрасте от 53 до 76 лет (M = 65,27; SD = 7,72), взаимодействующих с внуками на регулярной основе (несколько раз в месяц, совместные выходные, каникулы), но не проживающих с ними на момент проведения исследования. Применен тематический анализ данных в постпозитивистской парадигме.
По представлениям прародителей была воспроизведена структура самостоятельности как конструкта и ее девиация касательно возраста внуков. Подтвердились предположения о включенности в определение самостоятельности двух ее аспектов ― независимости и волевого функционирования. Собственная самостоятельность (в прошлом) характеризуется как «несамостоятельность и дисциплина», самостоятельность второго поколения описывается через те же поведенческие характеристики. Самостоятельность современных детей обладает новыми характеристиками, такими как умение противостоять соблазнам среды и способность находить в интернете полезную информацию, мультизадачность (кружки, секции). В плане перемещений самостоятельность третьего поколения представляется более структурированной, нежели самостоятельность предыдущих поколений. Таким образом, прародители отмечают перемены в структуре воспринимаемой самостоятельности детей третьего поколения, но не в самостоятельности детей второго поколения по сравнению с собственной самостоятельностью в соответствующем возрасте.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (РНФ), проект № 22-18-00416, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00416/.
Психологические стрессы в современной России: общий уровень, более уязвимые группы и способы совладания
Authors: Радаев Вадим Валерьевич
Published: January 2025

Цель работы ― проанализировать текущий уровень психологического (не)благополучия российского населения в условиях наслоения внешних шоков, выявить основные группы, в большей степени подверженные умеренному и сильному уровню психологического стресса, и исследовать поведенческие практики, к которым прибегают россияне для совладания со стрессовыми состояниями.
Использованы данные опроса 3 тыс. участников потребительской онлайн-панели компании OMI, проведенного весной 2024 г. Опрашивалась российская городская интернет-аудитория в возрасте 18 лет и старше. Кроме дескриптивной статистики применена мультиномиальная логистическая регрессия для определения предикторов психологического стресса разного уровня, а затем бинарная логистическая регрессия со способами совладания в качестве зависимых переменных и уровнем психологического стресса в качестве основной объясняющей переменной.
В результате обнаружен высокий уровень распространенности признаков психологического неблагополучия, выяснено, что к психологическому стрессу больше склонны женщины по сравнению с мужчинами, молодые люди по сравнению с представителями старших возрастов, группы с более низким уровнем душевого дохода, а также респонденты, вовлеченные в постоянное чтение тревожных новостей (думскроллинг). Одним из наиболее влиятельных факторов выступает ухудшение материального положения семьи. При возникновении умеренного и тем более сильного психологического стресса люди чаще обращаются за психологической помощью к психологам и психотерапевтам, употребляют антидепрессанты и успокоительные лекарства, прибегают к регулярному потреблению алкоголя, вовлекаются в эмоционально нагруженные формы потребления (импульсивное и особенно компульсивное). А попытки избежать потока тревожных новостей чаще оказываются неудачными.
Благодарность. Работа выполнена в Лаборатории экономико-социологических исследований НИУ ВШЭ в рамках проекта «Экономическое поведение домашних хозяйств» при поддержке Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.
Автор благодарит З. В. Котельникову и Т. А. Нестика за полезные замечания к рукописи данной работы.
Традиция или осознанный выбор на жизненном пути? Опыт анализа подходов к решению о рождении детей среди жителей сельских территорий и регионов Северного Кавказа
Authors: Казенин Константин Игоревич , Митрофанова Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: January 2025

В статье рассмотрены результаты качественного исследования отношения к вопросам деторождения и его места в жизненном пути индивида. Методом фокус-групп были изучены мнения жителей тех частей России, где в 2010-е годы наблюдался более заметный рост рождаемости и более молодой возраст материнства, чем по стране в целом. После анализа статистических данных в качестве таких территорий были отобраны две республики Северного Кавказа (Кабардино-Балкарии и Карачаево-Черкесии), а также сёла в пяти других регионах РФ (Калмыкии, Башкортостана, Ставропольского края, Астраханской и Томской областей).
Исследование показало, что респонденты в целом оказались весьма далеки от подхода к рождению детей, основанного на воспроизводстве традиций предшествующих поколений, от представлений об «обязательности» рождения определенного количества детей к определенному возрасту и т.д. Для опрошенных характерны прагматичные взгляды на родительство: число детей и возраст деторождения рассматриваются как самостоятельный, нерегламентированный никакими социальными ограничениями выбор пары; подчеркивается важность совмещения родительства с профессиональной самореализацией и отца, и матери; качество воспитания объявляется существенно более важным приоритетом, чем количество детей.
Результаты фокус-групп показали, что у жителей Северного Кавказа и ряда сельских территорий взгляды на деторождение трансформируются сообразно тому, как это происходит в остальных частях страны. Представляет интерес для дальнейшего изучения, как при отсутствии «ценностного разлома» с жителями других регионов, на перечисленных территориях уровни рождаемости остаются выше среднего.
Российский традиционный буддизм в публичных медиасферах
Authors: Островская Елена Александровна , Бадмацыренов Тимур Баторович
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена анализу стратегий и форм самопрезентации российского традиционного буддизма в условиях медиатизированной публичности. Авторы задаются следующими вопросами: как презентует себя в публичной сфере буддизм Бурятии, Калмыкии и Тувы? Кто те акторы, которые выступают в медиа от его лица? Какой вклад вносят различные медиа или их комбинации в конструирование традиционного буддизма России в публичной сфере?
Методологической рамкой исследования послужили институциональный подход к медиатизации Стига Хьярварда, концепция медиатизированной публичной религии Мии Лёвхайм и Марты Акснер, концепция религиозных цифровых новаторов Хайди Кэмпбелл. Авторы использовали количественные методы при сборе и анализе данных о буддийских сообществах в социальной сети VK, а также экспертные интервью для выявления стратегий буддийских цифровых новаторов в отношении интернета и медиатехнологий.
Авторы пришли к заключению, что исторически имевшая место претензия традиционного буддизма Бурятии, Калмыкии и Тувы представлять весь российский буддизм исчерпалась в период реинституционализации буддизма в 1990-2000-х годах. Возрождение буддизма в традиционных для этой религии регионах России предполагало строительство монастырей, создание системы традиционного монашеского образования только одного направления — гелугпа. Проведенный анализ буддийских гелугпинских сообществ и пабликов в VK, экспертные интервью с их создателями, а также буддийскими цифровыми стратегами и светскими журналистами, вовлеченными в дискурсы о буддизме в СМИ, выявил четыре тенденции в реинституционализации российского традиционного буддизма: (1) перераспределение религиозного авторитета между различными направлениями буддизма, но при ведущей роли традиционного для России направления школы гелугпа; (2) традиционный для России буддизм направления гелугпа презентует себя в культурной публичной медиасфере как коллективный религиозный бренд; (3) медиатизированный российский буддизм презентует себя в четырех дискурсах о буддизме; (4) традиционные буддийские наставники разворачиваются в направлении широкого онлайн-продвижения буддизма на различных цифровых площадках и социальных сетях.
Благодарность. Публикация выполнена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-48-03022, https://rscf.ru/project/24-48-03022/.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Education: Psychological and Clinical Challenges for Dental Students in Jordan
Authors: Alibrahim Anas
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental students in Jordan, examining their knowledge and perceptions of the pandemic, and evaluating its effects on their clinical training. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was prepared and distributed to dental students and interns from two dental schools in Jordan. The survey was structured based on relevant literature into questions covering demographic information, knowledge of COVID-19, university’s informative support, and concerns and perceptions about dentistry during the pandemic. The psychological status of students was measured using the short-form version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Results: Of the 332 dental students surveyed, 230 (69.3%) were females and 102 (30.7%) were males. Approximately two-thirds (67.5%) of students expressed interest in receiving more guidance on COVID-19, while more than a half (58%) of them were dissatisfied with the informative support offered by their schools during the pandemic. On a scale from 010, students reported a high potential influence of COVID-19 outbreak on dental practice in the short term (mean 8.9 ± 1.7), but a reduced impact in the long term (mean 6.9 ± 2.3). Based on DASS results, participants showed moderate levels of depression (mean 19.0 ± 12.2), anxiety (mean 10.4 ± 9.9), and stress (mean 19.6 ± 12.4), and these scores were significantly higher in females. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted dental students' clinical training and psychological well-being. Universities need to provide accessible mentalhealth support and implement strategies that balance safety with effective clinical training to minimize stress during health crises.
Public Health Interventions Targeting Maternal Nutrition and Oral Health: A Narrative Review
Authors: Anas Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Maternal nutrition and oral health are key aspects of public health that significantly impact the well-being of mothers and their children. This review explores the connection between these two areas and how they affect health outcomes. The World Health Organization highlights the importance of good nutrition during pregnancy for the baby’s growth and for reducing risks, such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. This review looks at public-health programs that educate mothers about nutrition and provide supplements, like iron and folic acid. While these programs have been beneficial, they often fail to effectively reach low-income groups. Social and cultural factors, such as traditional eating habits, add further challenges, requiring interventions that are sensitive to cultural needs. These efforts have shown improvements, but they often fail to reach the low socio-economic groups effectively. Social and cultural factors, like dietary practices, create additional challenges, which call for culturally tailored interventions. This review stresses the importance of combining maternal care with oral health care to improve the overall health awareness among women. It highlights the successes and limitations of current strategies and suggests that involving communities and implementing strong policies can lead to better health for mothers and their children around the world.
Surgical treatment of posttraumatic kyphosis of the lumbar spine: compensatory changes and dynamics of sagittal balance
Authors: Borzykh K. O. , Rerikh V. V.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To analyze clinical and radiological results of staged surgical interventions in the treatment of patients with posttraumatic kyphosis of the lumbar spine and to identify a mechanism of deformity compensation.Material and Methods. The data obtained from the case histories of 42 patients operated on for clinically significant posttraumatic kyphosis at the L3 and L4 vertebral levels were studied. Patients underwent staged surgical interventions in one surgical session. Demographic data and radiological results of surgical treatment were evaluated.Results. As a result of surgical interventions, local kyphosis was corrected on average by 29.66° ± 13.83° from 15.48° ± 13.04° to-14.19° ± 8.85°. After correction of posttraumatic kyphosis, statistically significant changes in the parameters of sagittal curvatures of the spine were revealed: an increase in thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL), changes in the parameters of the spinopelvic balance PT and SS with a p-level < 0.05, as well as in the global angle (p < 0.001) were noted. According to the GAP scale, 26 (61.9 %) patientsmoved to a more balanced category. A correlation (r = 0.45; p < 0.05) was found between the indices of local kyphosis and the GAP scores before surgery. The total duration of all surgical stages was 318 [150; 600] minutes, and blood loss was 677 [150; 1800] ml. In 9 (21.4 %) patients, 12 intra- and postoperative complications were noted.

Conclusion. The main compensatory mechanisms of posttraumatic deformities with the apex at L3 and L4 vertebrae are a decrease in thoracic kyphosis, the thoracolumbar lordosis and pelvic retroversion. Staged surgical treatment for posttraumatic spinal deformities significantly improves the parameters of the spinopelvic and global sagittal balance. It ameliorated the sagittal profile of patients in 61.9 % of cases and was accompanied by moderate duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss and an acceptable number of complications.
The predictive factors for resorption of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Sanginov A. J. , Isakov I. D. , Belozerov V. V. , Mushkachev E. A. , Peleganchuk A. V.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To determine the timing and to identify predictive factors of resorption of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

Material and Methods. This study is retrospective cohort and is devoted to the study of two groups of patients: Group 1 with herniated disc resorption and Group 2 with no resorption. All patients underwent MRI of the lumbar spine at the onset of initial symptoms, and the second study was conducted during the second visit. Based on the MRI results, the following parameters were assessed: the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration according to the Pfirrmann classification, the degree of facet joint degeneration according to the Grogan classification, the type of hernia, the degree of migration of the hernial fragment according to the Komori classification, Modic changes, the state of the endplates according to the Rajasekaran classification, the presence of retrolisthesis and the presence of resorption of the hernial fragment in dynamics. The Syngo.via workstation was used to measure the volume of the hernial fragment. Resorption of a disc herniation was considered to be a decrease in its volume by more than 50 % of the initial value with mandatory relief of radicular pain syndrome. The identification of resorption predictors was performed by building logistic regression models. Single-factor models were used to identify individual predictors associated with the target event. For continuous indicators, the ROC analysis identified the maximum cut-point values according to the Youden’s index.

Results. Group 1 included 141 patients, and Group 2 (comparison) – 93. Statistically significant differences between groups were found in several parameters. The average age of patients was 6 years younger; the interval between MRI studies was on average 2 months longer; and the protrusive type hernias were more in Group 2 than in Group 1. Gender, body mass index, the presence of retrolisthesis and smoking habit did not differ significantly between the groups. In Group 2, there were more cases of hernia at the L5–S1 level, which is associated with a higher incidence of hernia at this level. Using logistic regression models, it was revealed that hernia volume, hernia type according to the Komori classification, body mass index and Modic changes are significant factors for hernia resorption. A hernia volume of more than 1.1 cm3, no Modic change, hernia types II and III according to Komori, and body mass index of less than 30.24 increase the chances of disc herniation resorption.

Conclusion. The average time to resorption of herniated lumbar disc is 5.5 months. Factors that predict the resorption include types II and III of hernia according to the Komori classification (correspond to sequestered herniation), the absence of Modic changes, hernial fragment volume larger than 1.1 cm3, and body mass index less than 30.24.