bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a rupture of a spinal arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Radulovic D.V. , Rakic M.Lj. , Nestorovic B.D. , Milojevic T.M. , Djurovic B.M. , Jovanovic V.T. , Vujotic Lj.B. , Milicevic M.V.
Published: November 2008

The authors report on a patient presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage that was caused by a rupture of an spinal combined arteriovenous malformation at cervicothoracic junction. The patient was a 30-year-old female, who had exhibited an abrupt onset of severe low neck and occipital pain with radiation into shoulders and vomiting. Neurological examination revealed severe meningism without motor or sensory deficit. Digital subtraction angiography did not demonstrate any intracranial source of bleeding, whereas spinal angiography revealed a spinal arteriovenous malformation at cervicothoracic junction. Endovascular treatment of the malformation was considered for this patient. Occipital and neck pain with radiation into shoulders and severe meningism are clues pointing to a spinal origin of the haemorrhage.
New trends in neuromonitoring patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Dostanic M.M. , Stosic M.M. , Milakovic B.D. , Baljozovic B.V. , Jovanovic I.B. , Kojic Z. , Marinkovic D.M. , Markovic D.J. , Milic I.S.
Published: November 2008

Neurointensive care of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage is based on the theory that clinical outcome is the consequence of the primary haemorrhage and a number of secondary insults in the acute post haemorrhage period. Several neuromonitoring techniques have been introduced or accomplished into clinical practice in the last decade with the purpose of monitoring different but related aspects of brain physiology, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), pressure within the cranial cavity, metabolism, and oxygenation. The aim of these techniques is to obtain information that can improve knowledge on brain pathophysiology, and especially to detect secondary insults which may cause permanent neurological damage if undetected and untreated in "real time", at the time when they can still be managed. These techniques include intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements, jugular venous oxygen saturation, near-infrared spectroscopy, brain tissue monitoring, and transcranial Doppler. The available devices are limited because they measure a part of complex process indirectly. Expense, technical difficulties, invasiveness, limited spatial or temporal resolution and the lack of sensitivity add to the limitation of any individual monitor. These problems have been partially addressed by the combination of several monitors known as multimodality monitoring. In this review, we describe the most common neuromonitoring methods in patients with subarachnoidal hemorrhage that can assess nervous system function, cerebral haemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation.
Results of the surgical treatment of patients with brain cavernoma that manifested by intracerebelar hemorrhage
Authors: Jovanovic V.T. , Tasic G.M. , Djurovic B.M. , Nikolic I.M. , Vujotic Lj.B. , Piscevic I.A. , Rakic M.Lj. , Nestorovic B.D.
Published: November 2008

Although, for a long time, they have been known as a kind of vascular lesion, cavernomas have mostly been incidental or causative autopsy finding or have subsequently been histologically confirmed after surgical interventions undertaken due to intracerebral and spinal spontaneous hematoma of various localization. The aim of this study was to establish on the basis of the outcome of the operative treatment, whether the surgical interventions were justified and to systematize indications for surgical treatment of the cerebral cavernoma that initially manifested by hemorrhage. The subject of the study was a group of 38 patients who had been operated at the Institute for Neurosurgery during a ten-year period, from 1990 until 2000. The study group consisted of 16 male and 22 female patients. All operated patients had cyst intraparenchymal lesions. In our group of surgically treated patients three had been treated urgently due to spontaneous intracerebral hematoma, and intraoperatively taken material after inspection of the cavum pointed to the fact that cavernoma had been the cause of hemorrhage. All the others, after postoperatively done MRI of the brain, in some even DSA, were completely evaluated, and histologically confirmed. Not one hemorrhaging cavernoma showed signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage, although 60% of operated patients had cortically localized lesion Most of the operated patients, except for the three mentioned because of urgent intervention did not give massive intraparenchymal lesion that, in the clinical picture, would lead to the change of the state of consciousness. Focal neurologic deficit was a dominant clinical presentation. On the basis of the analysis of the clinically pathologic correlations and direct and longstanding operative results of the surgical treatment of cavernoma, operative treatment is indicated in all superficial lobar lesions as well as in those that are localized in the brain chambers and pineal region regardless of the type of the clinical presentation.
Results of surgical treatment of patient with supratentorial cavenroma and epilepsy
Authors: Jovanovic V.T. , Tasic G.M. , Djurovic B.M. , Nikolic I.M. , Radulovic D.V. , Jokovic M.B. , Slavik E.E. , Bogosavljevic V.M.
Published: November 2008

In past, cavernoma was frequently cause of symptomatic epilepsy without pathological substrate. We present the group of the patient (32) whose illness were presented by epilepsy, and who were treated in Institute for Neurosurgery from 1998 to 2003. There is the good correlation between presentation of epilepsy and largeness of the cavernoma (Phi 0.683). In 22 patients the epilepsy was controlled by medicaments, and in other the seizures were uncontrolled. Cavernoma initially presented with seizures had no inclination for massive intralesional or parenhimal bleeding. After surgical extirpation of lesion, there was good outcome during the following period of 3 years.
Surgical treatment of brain stem cavernoma: Current approaches
Authors: Tasic G.M. , Djurovic B.M. , Jovanovic V.T. , Nikolic I.M. , Nestorovic B.D. , Radulovic D.V. , Eric A.M. , Slavik E.E.
Published: November 2008

Results of our series of 10 operated patients who had cavernous malformation of the brain stem, in accordance with the findings of other authors, have confirmed that surgical removal of cavernomas is an absolutely appropriate approach as regards the prevention of repeated and disabling hemorrhages, also from the point of view of the recovery of the neurological deficit. In patients with disturbed vital functions (breathing, swallowing) evacuation of hematomas and removal of the malformation eliminate life endangering compressive effect on the vital structures of the brain stem. It is not disputable that patients with superficially localized cavernomas and progressing neurological deficit should be subjected to surgical treatment. In cases of deep lying lesions that are covered by a considerable layer of nervous parenchyma, it is indispensable to have a very careful preoperative planning of a safe entry into the brain stem, without damage to the vital functional structures. In case of a complete neurological recovery after a single hemorrhagic episode, the decision to perform surgery is delicate and demands individual appraisal of each patient. As regards the procedure with incidentally found and clinically asymptomatic lesions, regardless of the MR-signs of hemorrhage in the form of the hemosiderin ring around the lesion, we support the view of those authors who think that such lesions should not be operated but should be subjected to clinical treatment and MR with periodical MR check-ups.
Neurovaskularna kompresija (konflikt)
Authors: Slavik E.E. , Djurovic B.M. , Radulovic D.V. , Jokovic M.B. , Rakic M.Lj. , Rasulic L.G. , Tasic G.M. , Nikolic I.M.
Published: November 2008

Since Dandy first reported vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve, the concept of neurovascular compression syndrome for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm (HFS) has been accepted, and neurovascular decompression has been performed for this condition. The further investigations indicated that some other clinical syndromes such as glossopharyngeal neuralgia, disabling positional vertigo, tinnitus, geniculate neuarlgia, spasmodic torticolis, essential hypertension, cyclic oculomotor spasm with paresis and superior oblique myokymia also may be initiated by vascular compression of the glosopharyngeal, cochleovestibular, intermediate, accessory, oculomotor and trochlear nerves or the ventrolateral medulla oblongata. In this study several hypotheses regarding the development of cranial nerves vascular compression syndromes are presented. It is also emphasized the value of high-resolution magnetic resonance tomographic angiography for visualization of vascular compression. The most frequent clinical syndromes caused by vascular compression of the cranial nerves are discussed regarding the pathogenesis, symptoms and therapy. We present our series of 124 patients with preoperative evidently positive finding of vascular compression to the trigeminal nerve (MRI). Microvascular decompression (MVD)was performed in all of them. Initial postoperative result was excellent in 110/124 (89%) patients, while in 11/124 (9%) patients the pain relief was satisfactory. In the remaining three patients MVD failed. Recurrence of pain after two years reached 19 %. Complications were related to diplopia associated with transient fourth nerve dysfunction in 5 (4%) patients, facial motor dysfunction in 4 (3%) patients, transient facial hypesthesia in 27 (22%) patients and partially hearing loss in 4 (3%) patients. Cerebellar hemorrhagic infarction occurred in 1 ( 0,8 %) patient and cerebrospinal fluid leaks appeared in two (1,6%) cases. There was no lethal outcome.
The results and limitations of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal tumors
Authors: Toyanaga T. , Man-I M. , Ivanov D. , Sanuki T. , Morita Y. , Kutsumi H. , Inokuchi H. , Azuma T.
Published: November 2008

In the colorectal tumor, the lesions suitable for the endoscopic treatment are those with no lymph node metastasis such as adenomas, intramucosal cancers, and minimally invasive submucosal cancer (invasion depth 1000 m, well and moderately differentiated type, no lymphovascular invasion). The new endoscopic technique, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables en-bloc resection of the lesions regardless of their size and location. In order to perform ESD more easily, safely, and efficiently, we invented water jet short needle knives (Flush knife). Emitting a jet of water from the tip of a sheath enables submucosal local injection with a knife itself without replacement of operative instruments, which leads to efficient treatment. Especially, Flush knife is very effective for the lesions located at lower rectum and anal canal where there are many vessels. We treated a total of 361 colorectal lesions by ESD between June 2002 and July 2007, and en-block complete resection rate was 98.3 %. In 12 cases, "muscle retracting sign" was recognized. This sign is an index of the discontinuation of ESD, but it is impossible to diagnose preoperatively. The postoperative bleeding occurred in 0.8 % (3 cases: no blood transfusion is needed). The intraoperative perforation occurred in 1.9 % (6 cases: 5 cases were treated conservatively, 1 case was treated surgically) and the postoperative perforation occurred in 1case (0.3%) treated surgically. ESD is the extremely effective treatment for the colorectal tumors and also is possible to be performed safely with the appropriate choice of the devices and strategy for dissection.
Diagnosis and management of recurrent colorectal cancer
Authors: Beart R.W.Jr
Published: November 2008

Justification for the management of recurrent colorectal cancer begins with proof that the ultimate outcome measured by survival can be influenced. To do this, we must prove there is value to follow up of colorectal cancer patients. Without follow up, the management of recurrent cancer is limited.
Influence of long term radiotherapy on symptoms and signs of locally advanced primary rectal cancer of distant localization
Authors: Petrovic J. , Stanojevic G. , Barisic G. , Dimitrijevic I. , Micev M. , Stojanovic S. , Krivokapic Z.
Published: November 2008

This study is a part of a clinical trial in preoperative radiotherapy of low rectal cancer, conducted as a prospective and partly retrospective clinical study. It was designed to estimate the influence of long term radiotherapy on symptoms of locally advanced rectal cancer. We included 49 patients with T3/4 stage adenocarcinoma (diagnosis confirmed by clinical, pathological and CT examinations) of the lower two thirds of the rectum, who were treated with long term radiotherapy (45 Gy in 20-25 fractions) and questioned for the presentation of symptoms before and after the treatment. The chief complaints of these patients were the presence of blood in stool, abdominal and pelvic pain, straining (tenesmus) and the alteration in bowel movement. We found a significant decrease in symptoms and signs of the illness after the radiotherapy as well as the improvement of the quality of life.
Isolated splenic metastases of colorectal carcinoma - case report and review of literature
Authors: Popovic M. , Barisic G. , Krivokapic Z.
Published: November 2008

It is very rare situation when surgeon can virtually expect a curative operation after revealing distal metastases of colorectal carcinoma. In case of isolated splenic metastases, splenectomy can result with good five year survival rate. There are no more than 15 cases of isolated splenic metastases publish in English speaking literature. This article reveals our case along with a literature review and brief discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic options.
How to treat diversion colitis?: Current state of medical knowledge, own research and experience
Authors: Szczepkowski M. , Kobus A. , Borycka K.
Published: November 2008

The aim of this study was to present current knowledge about a nospecific inflammation of mucosa within segments of colon excluded from normal bowel passage called as a "diversion colitis" (DC) and to try to determine the role of factors which might modify the clinical course of DC. We also answered the question; how to treat DC: conservatively or surgically? Our own experience with DC concerns 145 patents (which is most numerous and well exactly examined series presented in literature). In the group of patients studied, clinical signs of DC were present in over 70% of patients (early signs were low abdominal pain and tenesmus, while anal oozing appeared later). Predominating endoscopic features of DC in the group of patients studied were: a. blurring of vascular pattern (in app. 90% of patients); b. contact bleeding (in app. 80% of patients); c. mucosal oedema (in app. 60% of patients). Results of own observations and literature data indicate, that morphologic alterations in the segment of bowel excluded from normal passage are probably vasogenic consisting in atrophy and inflammation of the allergic type (this would confirm the theory about vascular etiology of DC). In our material, we have not noticed any trend toward hyperproliferation or dysplasia in the excluded segment of colon, supporting the thesis that these disturbances are largely reversible. Clinical pathology of DC does not depend on age, sex, cause and type of surgical procedure performed, mode of surgery or concomitant diseases. Authors suggested an alternative algorithm of diagnostic work-up in patients suspected of DC, and proposed that patients with a segment of bowel excluded from normal passage be subdivided into three groups: 1. Patients with no clinical, endoscopic nor morphologic signs of DC. 2. Patients with moderate signs of DC. 3. Patients with severe signs of DC. Patients in the group 1 should remain under continuous specialized supervision, because they are at risk of developing DC, while patients in the groups 2 and 3 should undergo surgical restoration of bowel continuity. This applies particularly to group 3, where indications for surgery do not stem from risk of hyperproliferation, dysplasia or malignant transformation, but from that of a massive inflammation, which may constitute a danger for patients health and even life. Authors also underline that DC can be treated conservatively but the best and most successful and remained method of treatment of DC is the operation of decolostomy, which means restoration continuity of digestive tract.
Anal fistulotomy using radiowaves - long-term outcome
Authors: Gupta P.J.
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to analyze the results of treatment of anal fistulas using a radiowave device retrospectively. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2008, 976 patients were operated on for perianal fistula. A Ellman radiowave generator was used to carry out the complete surgical procedure. In the follow-up period 155 patients were lost, remaining 821 patients were analyzed in the study. The mean follow-up time was 6.8 years. Analyzed parameters included: postoperative complications, wound healing time, off work duration, recurrence rate and incidence of anal sphincter dysfunction. Severity of gas and stool incontinence was assessed. RESULTS: In our study, subcutaneous fistula was diagnosed in 28.1%, inter-sphincteric in 39.1%, and trans-sphincteric in 32.8%; supra-sphincteric and extra-sphincteric fistulae were not included in the study. Single-tract fistulas were present in 85.4% and multitract fistulas were present in 14.6%. Postoperative complications were noticed in 1.4% of patients, which included postoperative bleeding, abscess formation, premature approximation of skin edges, prolapse of hemorrhoids and local skin allergic reactions. Postoperative gas and/or stool incontinence was noticed in 3.8%. The recurrence rate was 1.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Radiowave fistulotomy offers short operation time, less postoperative pain, early return to normal activity, and faster healing of the wound. The recurrence rate and continence disturbances are comparable to conventional fistulotomy procedures.
Evidence based treatment of hemorrhoids
Authors: Tamelis A. , Latkauskas T. , Pavalkis D. , Saladinskas Z. , Vagdys S.
Published: November 2008

A number of different hemorrhoids? treatment modalities were introduced and discussed during last two decades. Different level of evidence supports one or another approach and new data emerge constantly. Decision to apply particular method of treatment force clinicians to make thorough judgment. The article presents the newest data about different aspects of hemorrhoids management focusing on proof of efficacy.
The organization of anticipatory postural adjustments
Authors: Aruin Alexander
Published: November 2008

Central control of posture is expressed through anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments. Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) precede planned postural perturbations and minimize them with anticipatory corrections, while compensatory postural adjustments deal with actual perturbations of balance that occur as a result of suboptimal efficiency of anticipatory corrections. The process of generation of APAs is affected by three major factors: expected magnitude and direction of the perturbation voluntary action associated with the perturbation, and postural task. The results of studies investigating the effect of each of these three major factors on APAs while standing, as well as differences in organization of APAs in individuals with pathology, are discussed.
Static analysis of two-fingered grips
Authors: Kurillo Gregorij , Bajd Tadej , Kamnik Roman
Published: November 2008

In the paper a static analysis of two-fingered grips is presented. Importance of grasp analysis in human performance engineering and hand therapy is discussed and assessment methods are proposed. Two precision grips were examined in the study: nippers pinch and tip pinch. We have built a grip-measuring device assessing the endpoint forces of two-oppositional grips. The instrument developed is based on a robotic force-wrist sensor and designed to suit human fingers. Through the simultaneous use of an optical measuring system and the grip-measuring device, the finger positions and the grip force acting on the object were obtained. A static model of the hand was also developed. A recursive computational method was used to calculate the joint torques of the fingers from the measured coordinates and the endpoint force vector. The estimated joint torque corresponds to the amount of load on the tendon during isometric muscle contraction. The force output of the two grips considered is presented and compared in two healthy individuals. The calculated joint torques for the index finger and thumb are presented and the maximal values of the finger joint torques acquired in the study are shown.
Classification of event-related potentials using multivariate autoregressive modeling combined with simulated annealing
Authors: Vasios C.E. , Matsopoulos O.K. , Nikita K.S. , Uzunoglu N.
Published: November 2008

In the present work, a new method for the classification of Event Related Potentials (ERPs) is proposed. The proposed method consists of two modules: the feature extraction module and the classification module. The feature extraction module comprises the implementation of the Multivariate Autoregressive model in conjunction with the Simulated Annealing technique, for the selection of optimum features from ERPs. The classification module is implemented with a single three-layer neural network, trained with the back-propagation algorithm and classifies the data into two classes: patients and control subjects. The method, in the form of a Decision Support System (DSS), has been thoroughly tested to a number of patient data (OCD, FES, depressives and drug users), resulting successful classification up to 100%.
Optimizing computer system configurations
Authors: Dujmovic Jozo
Published: November 2008

We present a quantitative method for selecting optimum configurations of computer systems. For each configuration we specify a set of requirements reflecting user's needs. The level of satisfaction of requirements is called the global preference score. Using this indicator and the total cost of each configuration we solve the following optimization problems: (1) select a configuration which maximizes the global preference score for a constrained cost of computer system, (2) select a configuration which attains a given level of global preference for a minimum cost, and (3) select a configuration which attains the maximum global preference/cost ratio. We first present the optimization method and then a complete case study of computer optimization.
Calculus of constituents: A decidable fragment of second order PL
Authors: Ilic-Stepic Angelina , Doder Dragan
Published: November 2008

We present a short review of the calculus of constituents.
Excavations on the site of a late Iron Age roundhouse and souterrain, Glen Cloy, Brodick, Isle of Arran
Authors: MUDIE GEORGE ,   with contributions from, HUNTER FRASER , HEALD ANDREW , MCLAREN DAWN , BJARKE BALLIN TORBEN , JACKSON ADAM , LANCASTER STEPHEN , CRESSEY MIKE
Published: November 2008

Archaeological monitoring during topsoil stripping of a hotel and leisure development site in Glen Cloy, Isle of Arran in 2001 revealed the presence of a well-preserved, substantial roundhouse and an associated complex souterrain. The discovery is significant in terms of the information it provides for the distribution of souterrains in Scotland generally and in the west in particular, and for settlement and craft activities on Arran in the late Iron Age. Dates obtained from the roundhouse suggest a construction date in the late 2nd or early 1st century BC.
Excavation of a burnt mound at Meur, Sanday, Orkney
Authors: TOOLIS RONAN ,   with contributions from, CERÓN-CARRASCO RUBY , ENGL ROB , HALL ALLAN , HUNTER FRASER , INGLIS ROBIN , MACSWEEN ANN , MCLAREN DAWN , MADELLA MARCO , O'CONNOR TERRY , SMITH CATHERINE
Published: November 2008

In early 2005 a cluster of orthostat stones was exposed by coastal erosion at Meur, Sanday, Orkney. The excavation revealed a stone trough within the centre of an open space defined by walls. It was associated with at least one compartment and a secondary corbelled cistern with an overflow drain and was surrounded by a mound of dark soil and burnt stones. This burnt mound structure, comparable with other burnt mounds in the Northern Isles, was occupied at some time between the late 2[Formula: see text] millennium and the mid 1[Formula: see text] millennium BC. The evidence from Meur and its comparison with evidence from elsewhere strongly indicates cooking as the primary function of this burnt mound. It is proposed that such cooking took the form of communal feasts that served to optimise the limited resources of the island's land holdings and so maintain social cohesion. This accords with evidence from elsewhere on Sanday for social and economic stability throughout this period.
A Pictish burial and Late Norse/Medieval settlement at Sangobeg, Durness, Sutherland
Authors: BRADY KEVIN , LELONG OLIVIA , BATEY COLLEEN ,   with contributions from, GIDNEY LOUISE , CERÓN-CARRASCO RUBY , MILLER JENNIFER , RAMSAY SUSAN
Published: November 2008

Salvage excavation was carried out on an archaeological site, discovered during the North Sutherland Coastal Zone Assessment Survey in 1998, in dunes at Sangobeg, near Durness in northern Sutherland. The excavation, conducted in 2000, uncovered the fragmentary remains of probable Norse-period settlement, including stone walling, a hearth and occupation deposits that had been truncated by erosion. Sealed beneath the Norse-period remains was the burial of a child of indeterminate sex, aged between 8–10 years, who had been placed in a flexed position on a bed of quartzite pebbles and covered with a mound of clean sand, capped with larger quartzite stones. The burial was dated by radiocarbon to 170 cal BC–cal AD 30 (GU-12535).
Human Health Risk Assessment due to Global Warming – A Case Study of the Gulf Countries
Authors: Husain Tahir , Chaudhary Junaid Rafi
Published: November 2008

Accelerated global warming is predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC) due to increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The climate changes are anticipated to have a long-term impact on human health, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, water resources and vegetation. Due to rising sea levels, low lying coastal regions will be flooded, farmlands will be threatened and scarcity of fresh water resources will be aggravated. This will in turn cause increased human suffering in different parts of the world. Spread of disease vectors will contribute towards high mortality, along with the heat related deaths. Arid and hot climatic regions will face devastating effects risking survival of the fragile plant species, wild animals, and other desert ecosystems. The paper presents future changes in temperature, precipitation and humidity and their direct and indirect potential impacts on human health in the coastal regions of the Gulf countries including Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain. The analysis is based on the long-term changes in the values of temperature, precipitation and humidity as predicted by the global climatic simulation models under different scenarios of GHG emission levels. Monthly data on temperature, precipitation, and humidity were retrieved from IPCC databases for longitude 41.25°E to 61.875°E and latitude 9.278°N to 27.833°N. Using an average of 1970 to 2000 values as baseline, the changes in the humidity, temperature and precipitation were predicted for the period 2020 to 2050 and 2070 to 2099. Based on epidemiological studies on various diseases associated with the change in temperature, humidity and precipitation in arid and hot regions, empirical models were developed to assess human health risk in the Gulf region to predict elevated levels of diseases and mortality rates under different emission scenarios as developed by the IPCC.The preliminary assessment indicates increased mortality rates due to cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, thermal stress, and increased frequency of infectious vector borne diseases in the region between 2070 and 2099.
Planar Pressure Field Determination in the Initial Merging Zone of an Annular Swirling Jet Based on Stereo-PIV Measurements
Authors: Vanierschot Maarten , Van den Bulck Eric
Published: November 2008

In this paper the static pressure field of an annular swirling jet is measured indirectly using stereo-PIV measurements. The pressure field is obtained from numerically solving the Poisson equation, taken into account the axisymmetry of the flow. At the boundaries no assumptions are made and the exact boundary conditions are applied. Since all source terms can be measured using stereo-PIV and the boundary conditions are exact, no assumptions other than axisymmetry had to be made in the calculation of the pressure field. The advantage of this method of indirect pressure measurement is its high spatial resolution compared to the traditional pitot probes. Moreover this method is non-intrusive while the insertion of a pitot tube disturbs the flow. It is shown that the annular swirling flow can be divided into three regimes: a low, an intermediate and a high swirling regime. The pressure field of the low swirling regime is the superposition of the pressure field of the non-swirling jet and a swirl induced pressure field due to the centrifugal forces of the rotating jet. As the swirl increases, the swirl induced pressure field becomes dominant and for the intermediate and high swirling regimes, the simple radial equilibrium equation holds.
A Universal Approach to Fabricate Various Nanoring Arrays Based on a Colloidal‐Crystal‐Assisted‐Lithography Strategy
Authors: Sun Zhiqiang , Li Yang , Zhang Junhu , Li Yunfeng , Zhao Zhihui , Zhang Kai , Zhang Gang , Guo Jinrui , Yang Bai
Published: November 2008

In this paper a convenient and universal strategy for preparing nanoring arrays of different compositions based on a colloidal‐crystal‐template strategy is reported. Large‐area arrays of polystyrene, magnetite, Au, Si, magnetite nanoparticle/polystyrene and Au/polystyrene double‐layer composite nanorings are prepared. Many kinds of nanoring structures, including Fe3O4 nanoparticle/polystyrene and Au/polystyrene double‐layer nanorings, can be released from the substrates, resulting in free‐standing composite nanorings, which might be used as self‐assembly building blocks and ultrasensitive bio‐ and chemical sensors.
Synthese funktioneller Polymere durch polymeranaloge Reaktionen
Authors: Gauthier Marc A. , Gibson Matthew I. , Klok Harm‐Anton
Published: November 2008

Moderne Methoden zur Synthese von funktionellen Polymeren ermöglichen die direkte (Co‐)Polymerisation von Monomeren mit chemoselektiven Gruppen, die sich während der Polymerisation inert verhalten, aber in einem anschließenden Reaktionsschritt quantitativ in vielfältige funktionelle Gruppen umgewandelt werden können. Der Erfolg dieses Ansatzes beruht auf exzellenten Umsätzen unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen und der Orthogonalität der polymeranalogen Modifikationsreaktionen. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Klassen von Ausgangspolymeren mit reaktiven chemoselektiven Gruppen und ihre Herstellung durch (Co‐)Polymerisation geeigneter funktioneller Monomere. Darüber hinaus werden Aspekte der weiteren, polymeranalogen Umsetzung dieser Ausgangspolymere zu funktionellen Polymeren diskutiert.
A Spin‐Crossover Cluster of Iron(II) Exhibiting a Mixed‐Spin Structure and Synergy between Spin Transition and Magnetic Interaction
Authors: Wu Da‐Yu , Sato Osamu , Einaga Yasuaki , Duan Chun‐Ying
Published: November 2008

How low can you go? An FeII4 square was prepared by self‐assembly and exhibits both thermally induced and photoinduced spin crossover from a system with four high‐spin (HS) centers to one with two high‐spin and two low‐spin (LS) centers. The spin‐crossover sites are located on the same side of the square, and the spin transition and magnetic interactions (see picture) are synergistically coupled.

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Preparation of Core‐shell Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Recognition of Bovine Hemoglobin
Authors: Li Lin , He Xiwen , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui
Published: November 2008

Imprinting nanoparticles: Core‐shell bovine hemoglobin (BHb) imprinted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with a mean diameter of 210 nm have been synthesized for the first time. The imprinted magnetic nanoparticles could easily reach the adsorption equilibrium and magnetic separation under an external magnetic field, thus avoiding problems related to the bulk polymer.

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In this work, the core‐shell bovine hemoglobin (BHb) imprinted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with a mean diameter of 210 nm were synthesized for the first time. In this protocol, the initial step involved co‐precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in an ammonia solution. Silica was then coated on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles using a sol‐gel method to obtain silica shell magnetic nanoparticles. Subsequently, 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (APBA), which is the functional and cross‐linking monomer, and poly(APBA) thin films were coated onto the silica‐modified Fe3O4 surface through oxidation with ammonium persulfate in an aqueous solution in the presence or absence of protein. The morphology, adsorption, and recognition properties of the magnetic molecularly imprinted nanomaterial were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Rebinding experiments were carried out to establish the equilibrium time and to determine the specific binding capacity and selective recognition. The protein adsorption results showed that poly(APBA) MIPs‐coated magnetic nanoparticles have high adsorption capacity for template protein BHb and comparatively low non‐specific adsorption. The imprinted magnetic nanoparticles could easily reach the adsorption equilibrium and magnetic separation under an external magnetic field, thus avoiding problems related to the bulk polymer. We believe that the imprinted polymer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles can be one of the most promising candidates for various applications, which include chemical and biochemical separation, cell sorting, recognition elements in biosensors, and drug delivery.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐ and (+)‐Decarbamoyloxysaxitoxin and (+)‐Saxitoxin
Authors: Iwamoto Osamu , Shinohara Ryoko , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: November 2008

Playing the sax: The enantioselective total syntheses of (−)‐ and (+)‐decarbamoyloxysaxitoxin (doSTX) and (+)‐saxitoxin (STX) are reported. A new methodology was developed for the synthesis of STXs, featuring discriminative reduction of the nitro group and NO bond in nitroisoxazolidine.

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Enantioselective total syntheses of (−)‐ and (+)‐decarbamoyloxysaxitoxin (doSTX) and (+)‐saxitoxin (STX) were achieved. The characteristic spiro‐fused cyclic guanidine structure of STX was constructed by oxidation at the C4 position with IBX via an α‐iminium carbonyl intermediate and acid‐promoted cyclization of guanidine at the C5 position. A second‐generation methodology was developed for the synthesis of STX, featuring discriminative reduction of the nitro group and NO bond in nitroisoxazolidine. This approach provides efficient access to the key diamine intermediate for STXs.
Novel Cyclic Sulfonium‐Based Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Liu Shimin , Li Zuopeng , Li Jian , Chen Zhengjian , Wang Ruifeng , Lu Liujin , Deng Youquan
Published: November 2008

A new series of ionic liquids composed of three cyclic sulfonium cations and four anions has been synthesized and characterized. Their physicochemical properties, including their spectroscopic characteristics, ion cluster behavior, surface properties, phase transitions, thermal stability, density, viscosity, refractive index, tribological properties, ion conductivity, and electrochemical window have been comprehensively studied. Eight of these salts are liquids at room temperature, at which some salts based on [NO3]− and [NTf2]− ions exhibit organic plastic crystal behaviors, and all the saccharin‐based salts display relatively high refractive indices (1.442–1.594). In addition, some ionic liquids with the [NTf2]− ion exhibit peculiar spectroscopic characteristics in FTIR and UV/Vis regions, whilst those salts based on the [DCA]− ion show lower viscosities (34.2–62.6 mPa s at 20 °C) and much higher conductivities (7.6–17.6 mS cm−1 at 20 °C) than most traditional 1,3‐dialkylimidazolium salts.
Electrospray‐Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Screening the Specificity and Stability of Single‐Stranded‐DNA Templated Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Janssen Pim G. A. , van Dongen Joost L. J. , Meijer E. W. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: November 2008

Supramolecular complexes consisting of a single‐stranded oligothymine (dTn) as the host template and an array of guest molecules equipped with a complementary diaminotriazine hydrogen‐bonding unit have been studied with electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). In this hybrid construct, a supramolecular stack of guest molecules is hydrogen bonded to dTn. By changing the hydrogen‐bonding motif of the DNA host template or the guest molecules, selective hydrogen bonding was proven. We were able to detect single‐stranded‐DNA (ssDNA)–guest complexes for strands with lengths of up to 20 bases, in which the highest complex mass detected was 15 kDa; these complexes constitute 20‐component self‐assembled objects. Gas‐phase breakdown experiments on single‐ and multiple‐guest–DNA assemblies gave qualitative information on the fragmentation pathways and the relative complex stabilities. We found that the guest molecules are removed from the template one by one in a highly controlled way. The stabilities of the complexes depend mainly on the molecular weight of the guest molecules, a fact suggesting that the complexes collapse in the gas phase. By mixing two different guests with the ssDNA template, a multicomponent dynamic library can be created. Our results demonstrate that ESI‐MS is a powerful tool to analyze supramolecular ssDNA complexes in great detail.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sodium Gadolinium Phosphate with Two Different Types of Tunnel Structure: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties of Na3GdP2O8.
Authors: Fang M. , Cheng W.‐D. , Zhang H. , Zhao D. , Zhang W.‐L. , Yang S.‐L.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Solid Solutions M19Q6X7 with M: Ag, Cu; Q: S, Se, Te and X: S, Se, Te
Authors: Nilges Tom , Messel Julia
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Investigation of the Compounds Containing HF2‐ Anions: Ca(HF2)2, Ba4F4(HF2)(PF6)3 and Pb2F2(HF2)(PF6).
Authors: Bunic Tina , Tramsek Melita , Goreshnik Evgeny , Zemva Boris
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Yb3CoSn6 and Yb4Mn2Sn5: New Polar Intermetallics with 3D Open‐Framework Structures.
Authors: Lei Xiao‐Wu , Zhong Guo‐Hua , Li Min‐Jie , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ligand 2‐(2′‐Piperidinyl)pyridine: Synthesis, Resolution and Application in Asymmetric Diethylzinc Addition to Aldehydes.
Authors: Cheng Yan‐Qin , Bian Zheng , Kang Chuan‐Qing , Guo Hai‐Quan , Gao Lian Xun
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Trifluoromethyl Ketones with Ethyl Cyanoacetate.
Authors: Nenaidenko V. G. , Druzhinin S. V. , Balenkova E. S.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Reductive Cleavage of N—O Bonds in Weinreb Amides by an Organic Neutral Super‐Electron Donor.
Authors: Cutulic Sylvain P. Y. , Murphy John A. , Farwaha Hardeep , Zhou Sheng‐Ze , Chrystal Ewan
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methyl Morpholine Chlorochromate: An Efficient Reagent for Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Chandrappa S. , Sadashiva M. P. , Rangappa K. S.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Parallel Synthesis and Screening of Polymer‐Supported Phosphorus‐Stereogenic Aminophosphane—Phosphite and —Phosphinite Ligands.
Authors: den Heeten Rene , Swennenhuis Bert H. G. , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , de Vries Johannes G. , Kamer Paul C. J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides to Sulfides with Triflic Anhydride/Potassium Iodide Reagent System.
Authors: Bahrami Kiumars , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Karimi Ahmad
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) for Fluorination in a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor.
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Baxendale Ian R. , Ley Steven V.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Trifluoroacetate [Fe(F3CCO2)3] as an Easily Available, Non‐Hygroscopic, Non‐Corrosive, Highly Stable and a Reusable Lewis Acid Catalyst: Efficient O‐Silylation of α‐Hydroxyphosphonates, Alcohols and Phenols by Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Jafari Abbas Ali , Jafari Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Chemoselective Synthesis of Aldehyde 1,1‐Diacetates Using Morpholinium Bisulfate as a Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquid under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Nasreesfahani Zahra , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Versatile 2‐Chloromercurium‐3,5‐syn‐dihydroxy Esters via Intramolecular Oxymercuration.
Authors: Bonini Carlo , Campaniello Maria , Chiummiento Lucia , Videtta Valeria
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Fluorination of Adamantanes with Iodine Pentafluoride.
Authors: Hara Shoji , Aoyama Motoshi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bulky Arylphosphanes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Formal [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions and Their Use as Ligands.
Authors: Kobatake Takayuki , Kondoh Azusa , Yoshida Suguru , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of 1,4‐Diiodobutadienes with Thiols — A Novel Route to 1,4‐Bis(sulfanyl)buta‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Trostyanskaya I. G. , Maslova E. N. , Kazankova M. A. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonylation of Arenes with Sulfonamides.
Authors: Yao Bangben , Zhang Yuhong
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.