bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISLAM AND FOUR PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Authors: SOHAIL RASOOL et al.
Published: June 2023

Unfortunately, many clinicians still lack a sufficient understanding of the concepts behind the ethical structure of Islam implemented in everyday clinical circumstances, allowing them to provide care insensitive to the religion's culture.  Several aspects of Islamic Biomedical ethics have been discussed. This study explores Islamic Bioethics and its tenets. The importance of appreciating and respecting Islamic Bioethics becomes clear. The nature of Islamic bioethics is also illuminated. Also, the theory of the Islamic bioethical framework for protecting human life, including how it is shaped by the Quran, the Sunnah, ijtihad, and the field as a whole, has been discussed. Islam proposes four bioethical principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, which are also part of the study. Finally, the relevance of an Islamic approach to bioethical issues is discussed. The Islamic faith places a premium on both preventative healthcare and the therapeutic management of illness. Treatment, genetic engineering, and abortion regulations are a few of the major life issues covered. Concerning the final stages of life, topics like suicide will be considered. Last but not least, is the Islamic perspective on exhumation and organ transplants. Keeping in mind the value of life in Islam, it is obligatory for the patient to seek proper and timely treatment. Also, it is healthcare providers' religious and ethical obligation to be very honest with their duties.
SOCIOLOGY OF CHANGE UNDER DIFFERENT THEORETICAL IDEOLOGIES
Authors: KHEIRI NOUH et al.
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to analyze the phenomenon of change theoretically, by evoking the concept within its epistemological contexts, from the perspective of researchers and academics, who devoted their studies to develop a clear conception of the concept of change.

There have been many perspectives that have studied the subject with the efforts of scholars and researchers affiliated with different theoretical ideologies. We find functional interpretations of change as a vital process, and Marxism as a picture of contradictions, while other theories emphasize the role played by the conflicting elites over social power, or cultural and technological factors, especially the factor Invention in the process of change.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN GORONTALO PROVINCE
Authors: M. SYAHRULLAH M. I. POLONTALO et al.
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the factors that influence the effectiveness of the implementation of these policies. Empirically, the factors that influence the effectiveness of tourism development policies in Gorontalo Province include; communication, HR competency, leadership, and conflict of interest. To achieve these objectives, this research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This research method is used to reveal the problem of the effectiveness of natural tourism development policies. This research was conducted at the Gorontalo Provincial Tourism Office and Lombongo Tourism Object, Otanaha Fortress, and Pentadio Resort. The informants of this study were the people of the tourist area, and employees of the Gorontalo Province Tourism Office and the Regency/City as sources of information representing policy makers. Village heads/lurah and community leaders, including tourists, are affected by policy making in tourist areas. As well as from private / private elements or third parties who aim to seek profit. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews which were then analyzed using data analysis techniques by Miles and Huberman. The results of this study indicate that the factors that determine the effectiveness of regional tourism development policies in Gorontalo Province are internal factors in the form of communication and human resource competence. While External Factors are Leadership and Conflict of Interest.
SHIFTING SANDS: PAKISTAN'S STRATEGIC CULTURE AMIDST REGIONAL AND GLOBAL FLUX
Authors: MUHAMMAD FAHIM KHAN et al.
Published: June 2023

The paper examines the historical development and current dynamics of Pakistan's strategic culture. This study explores the key influences, events, and trends that have shaped Pakistan's strategic culture through a combination of historical research, case studies, and content analysis.Partition of British India, early state creation, military involvement, and ties with regional and international powers are all examples. How Pakistan maintains a balance of power in the area, maintains credible deterrent capabilities, pursues diplomacy, and deals with domestic difficulties are all aspects of national security and foreign policy examined in this paper.

The end of the Cold War, the War on Terror, and the shifting geopolitical landscape are just a few examples of the global and regional environmental changes that have influenced Pakistan's strategic culture. Understanding the development of Pakistan's strategic culture and the country's regional and global dynamics is essential for foreseeing Pakistan's behaviour and policy choices in the future. Pakistan's strategic decision-making is complex and multifaceted, and this research contributes to our understanding of strategic culture and provides light on those complexities.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ASLAM RAHI'S HISTORICAL NOVEL "IBLEEKA"
Authors: AZIZ UR REHMAN et al.
Published: June 2023

An Analytical Study of Aslam Rahi's Historical Novel "IBLEEKA"
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE SECURITY LEVEL OF OAUTH 2.0 IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTHORIZATION SYSTEMS FOR ACCESS TO WEB RESOURCES ON CLOUD-BASED PLATFORMS
Authors: Diego Veloz Chérrez et al.
Published: June 2023

The demand for remote access has experienced exponential growth., making it difficult for users to maintain different accounts for each service they use. In the traditional client-server authentication model, clients enter their credentials, usually usernames and passwords, to request a restricted access resource from servers. However, there are some drawbacks with these processes: decreased confidentiality, user sensitivity to phishing, full access to resources and limited reliability. The purpose of this paper was to assess the security level of access control over resources on cloud-based platforms by implementing two real scenarios, one with a traditional authentication system and the other implementing an access authorization system using the OAuth2 framework. To reach this goal, an infrastructure has been created, using virtualization approaches, which sends requests to the server that owns the resources and this in turn communicates through APIs to a database server in AWS. The OWASP project was used to analyze the vulnerabilities in these scenarios, studying the exposure of confidential information, level of access to resources, alert control, as well as system response time parameters to measure their efficiencies. The results showed that the implementation of OAuth2, as the basis for authorization systems, improves security in the exchange of client-server messages through the implementation of tokens, reduces the exposure of confidential information, facilitates access to resources on different platforms and even makes it easy to assign roles and levels of access to resources.
THE QUALITY OF TRAINING AND RETRAINING CIVIL SERVANTS IN VIETNAM
Authors: DANG THANH LE et al.
Published: June 2023

Training and retraining are recognized as a comprehensive strategy for enhancing the quality of civil servants to satisfy the demands of serving the people in Vietnam and many other nations. However, a variety of variables, both subjective and objective, have a significant impact on the process and outcomes of training and retraining civil servants. This paper focuses on analyzing two factors that have a far-reaching effect on the quality of civil servant training and retraining, namely the policies on training and retraining civil servants (objective factors) and the civil servants' awareness and attitude toward learning (subjective factors). We, the authors of this paper, conducted a survey of 280 civil servants working for 40 commune-level government agencies in four provinces of Vietnam, including Ha Giang and Cao Bang (Northern), and Ca Mau and Bac Lieu (Southern). Research findings indicate that civil servants evaluate the state's training and retraining policies as not in line with their needs. It demonstrates that the training and retraining have not yet attained practicable quality and efficacy. Based on the research findings, we present some recommendations for the enhancement of training and retraining policies so that they are better suited to the requirements of civil servants, helping to perfect the state's institution for training and retraining civil servants.
QUO VADIS OF ISLAMIC LAW IN NATIONAL LAW
Authors: DRI SANTOSO et al.
Published: June 2023

This paper is a paper that concentrates on issues related to Islamic law in which there is civil law and others, Indonesia as a state of law and a state with the philosophy of Pancasila tries to provide space and movement for Islamic law and other laws, majority and minorities in the context of the state are often When it is influential in providing this space, there are three important questions. First, what is the concept of Islamic law in Indonesia? how is Quo Vadis Islamic law in the national legal system? How is the implementation of Islamic law in the national legal system in the area of ​​religious courts? By using a content analysis approach to answer the concept of Islamic law in the national legal system, and its implementation in religious courts in Indonesia, the results of this paper are the first concepts of Islamic law in Indonesia.
TELEMEDICINE ABORTION DURING COVID – 19 AND THE CHALLENGES IN ITS APPLICABILITY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: ALYAA NADHIRAH BINTI DATO HJ MOHAMAD SHARIFF et al.
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the loopholes in Malaysia’s abortion law that make it challenging for Malaysia to implement the use of telemedicine for abortion during Covid – 19.  The purpose of this paper could contribute to a reform in abortion law to ensure the legitimacy of abortion via telemedicine in an emergency situation like COVID – 19 pandemic. This article started out by analyzing Utilitarian theory and the Principle of Reproductive Autonomy. Both the theories and the principle of law arguably reflect that abortion is legitimate including during COVID–19. Following that, this article discusses the advantages of abortion via telemedicine as a whole. Further to this, the article will discuss the local literature on abortion to reflect that the law on abortion in Malaysia is ambiguous and outdated which makes it challenging to implement a new method of abortion via telemedicine. The last part is the comparative study and the author collates the challenges to enabling abortion via telemedicine in Malaysia. It is argued that, while telemedicine is a legitimate method for abortion to be used during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is difficult to implement the applicability in Malaysia due to the undeveloped and ambiguous law on abortion at the current stake.  The author concluded that the current abortion law should be reformed and that much more work needs to be done before abortion via telemedicine can be reached its applicability. This article is significant because it paves the way for further research on telemedicine abortion from a Malaysian perspective.
RIGHT TO REPAIR IS A CHILD OF THE 21ST CENTURY: A CRITICAL STUDY
Authors: RAJESH KUMAR et al.
Published: June 2023

The Right to Repair movement aims to empower consumers to repair and modify their products by requiring manufacturers to provide access to repair manuals, diagnostic tools, and replacement parts. In India, the lack of clear regulations around the right to repair has left consumers with limited options for repairing their electronic devices, appliances, and vehicles. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Right to Repair movement and the need for legislative action in India to protect the right to repair as a consumer right.
THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF SAME-RELIGIOUS AND INTERFAITH MARRIAGES
Authors: RUDY HARJANTO et al.
Published: June 2023

Indonesia is a country with a diverse ethnic makeup, and marriage is considered to be a fundamental aspect of family life and is regulated by Law Number 1 of 1974. A Christian man has been in a loving relationship with a Muslim woman for over nine years. Both parties have agreed to continue their relationship to get married but remain committed to their respective religions eventually.

Law is a complex system of principles and rules that guides us in living together as humans, with fairness being a key focus. The qualitative research involving long-term couples from different religious backgrounds who have maintained harmonious relationships, along with input from legal professionals, can provide valuable insights.

According to Article 2, Paragraph 1 of Law Number 1 of 1974 Concerning Marriage, marriage is only recognized as legal if carried out within the same religion.
MINING BUSINEES LICENSING IN INDONESIA: PERSPECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AFTER THE REVISION OF THE MINERAL AND COAL LAW
Authors: AMINUDDIN KASIM et al.
Published: June 2023

The regulation of mining business licenses (IUP) has experienced dynamics. In Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining (Minerba Law), the central and regional governments exercise the licensing authority proportionally. Then, in 2020, the head of mining licenses was changed again through Law No. 3 of 2020. Based on this law, the licensing authority is fully vested in the central government. This shift in licensing authority is interesting to study. The study departs from the questions: (a) how are the boundaries of legal and illegal mining businesses in Indonesia; (b) how are the procedures and requirements for obtaining an IUP from an administrative law perspective; (c) how are the sanction arrangements for illegal mining business actors after the revision of the Minerba Law. This study departs from the use of normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. Finally, the study results reveal that the basic principle underlying the management of natural resources, especially mineral resources, is the licensing instrument. Licensing, which is included in the administrative law regime, requires the state to intervene actively in matters concerning public welfare. Through licensing, the government can control or at least reduce the rate of pollution and environmental damage due to mining activities. In ensuring that efforts to regulate mining activities by the government-run as they should, sanctions are set to provide law enforcement, which is the form of administrative and criminal sanctions.
CRIMINAL LAW ARRANGEMENTS IN INDONESIA RELATED TO JUDICIAL REVIEW
Authors: MUHAMMAD DENIARDI et al.
Published: June 2023

Legal remedies for judicial review without being preceded by ordinary legal remedies are a phenomenon that is often and increasingly occurring in Indonesia's justice world. It phenomenon occurs in order to take advantage of legal loopholes. The convict immediately submits a legal remedy for judicial review because, in legal proceedings for judicial review, there is a principle that the sentence imposed must not exceed the original decision. Material justice and truth become a discourse on the application of extraordinary legal remedies for judicial review, thus whether the provisions of Article 263 of the Criminal Procedure Code can be applied to court decisions that have obtained permanent legal force without going through appeals and cassation. This study aims to find out the substance of criminal law arrangements in Indonesia related to judicial review. The research method used is normative legal research, namely research conducted by the author using laws and a conceptual approach, legal material collection techniques using library research, then legal material obtained from library research is analyzed qualitatively. The research results obtained are Judicial Review in principle, an extraordinary remedy for court decisions with permanent legal force (inkracht van gewisjde), aims to provide legal certainty and is formed to address the interests of the convict, not the interests of the state or the victim. Judicial review is regulated in Law no. 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code ("KUHAP") with articles including: Article 263, Article 264, Article 265, Article 266, Article 267, Article 268, Article 269.
SHARIAH-COMPLIANT STOCKS: HARMONIZING INDEX INSTITUTION SCREENING METHODOLOGIES
Authors: AZIZI ABU BAKAR et al.
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to uncover an acceptable screening method used by index institutions to reduce the gaps inthe Shariah-compliant status of stock.The initial concepts are based on academic literature and followed by interview sessions of nine key experts recognized in the field of Shariah-compliant stocks as respondents.The results of this study have yielded some notable findings. Fund managers who are aware that the investors who appoint them are very much in favor of Shariah-compliant securities will certainly use methods that suit their investors' appetite. Shariah advisers have also concurred that the differences between the global index institution's screening methods are not significant and the differences found are not related to Shariah requirements.Studies on the methodology of such Shariah-compliant stock screenings are important and have a great impact on ensuring the continued viability of Islamic financial developments so that they are not frustrated by the issue of non-uniformity of Shariah-compliant stock screening methods. In Malaysia, the stock screening method is performed by the Shariah Advisory Council of the Securities Commission of Malaysia (SACSC), while in the global market, there are several index institutions such as the Dow Jones Islamic Indexes (DJII), FTSE Shariah Global Equity Index Series (FTSE) and MSCI Islamic Index Series (MSCI), which also have their own Shariah-compliant stock screening method.
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS ENTERPRISES FOR ADVERTISING THAT MISREPRESENTS CONSUMERS
Authors: ILHAM ABBAS et al.
Published: June 2023

the rights of consumers and the obligations of business actors, there is a relationship point, namely the purpose of protection to provide legal certainty for consumers to obtain information, which is also one of the rights of consumers and it is also required for business actors to offer correct, transparent and honest communication, the problem is how the legal responsibility of business actors for advertisements that mislead consumers. The legal responsibility of business actors for advertisements that mislead consumers is that business actors are responsible for compensating for damage, pollution, and or consumer losses due to consumer goods and or services produced or traded. Consumers who are harmed by dishonest promotional practices demand responsibility from the business actor as compensation as a refund for the price of the goods purchased. Consumers should be careful in absorbing information from advertisements submitted by business actors. It is better to confirm or ask several consumers who have used the same product to prove the truth of the advertisement or product promotion they will buy.
PRACTICE OF REFERENCING AND CITATION IN ACADEMIC INTEGRITY OF UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM
Authors: LE HO TRUNG HIEU et al.
Published: June 2023

Creativity is built on the mind of mutual inheritance and inquiry. There is no opinion, thought, or hypothesis created without the reference and basis of those with prior experience. Therefore, plagiarism is a wrongdoing that frequently occurs in universities in Vietnam and the world and is essential for creative activities. However, an important issue is that the perception of students, lecturers, and universities in Vietnam today still has some deviations in terms of rationality, infringement, and the proper form of referencing and citation. This leads to unclear regulations, lack of compliance of wrongdoers and profound negative influence onacademic integrity. Based on methods of the questionnaire, doctrinal and comparison research, this article will evaluate citation and referencing activities in Vietnam universities in reference to other universities in the world.
MARRIAGE INVOLVING FOREIGN ELEMENTS UNDER VIETNAMESE LEGAL SYSTEM AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: LE HO TRUNG HIEU et al.
Published: June 2023

Marriage is the establishment of a legal relationship between two partners to achieve the purpose of uniting their life economically and emotionally. From this perspective, marriage is a complex issue which is related to human rights and civil rights under international treaties. Therefore, in the progress of the current migration and globalization, marriage is not only limited within a sovereign of a country, but also expands internationally in which partners are of different nationalities, the place of domicile and even the place of marriage celebration. At present, the number of marriages with foreign elements have gradually increased. Therefore, a comprehensive legal framework in every countryshould be established to solve conflicts of rules among national laws. Through surveys, doctrinal and comparison in legal research, this article will elaborate on marriage in private international law under Vietnamese laws and other legal systems in the world.
PREVIEW OF DRAFT LAWS PRACTICE INDONESIA AND FRANCE: CURRENT DISCUSSIONS ON COMMON AREAS OF INTEREST
Authors: M. JEFFRI ARLINANDES CHANDRA et al.
Published: June 2023

The focus of this paper is to discuss and analyze the review of the preliminary law between Indonesia and France. Additionally, it will delve into the details of the review of laws and regulations in Indonesia, and explore the potential implementation of the Principles of Testing in the Draft Law based on the practices in France. To conduct this study, a combination of normative research and empirical data will be employed. The research approach aims to identify the norms outlined in legal statutes and theories, using a conceptual approach that draws on established legal views and doctrines. The findings indicated that the effective practices implemented in France can serve as a model for the implementation of preview activities. These practices could potentially be applied in the drafting of bills in Indonesia to minimize issues such as contradictory interpretations, overlaps, and ineffectiveness of laws. Currently, the evaluation of laws is only done through judicial review via the Constitutional Court, but it is recommended that the review process should be expanded to include both executive and legislative branches. Full adoption of the preview of the bill, as done in France, would likely require the revision of both the 1945 Constitution and Law 12/11 to establish a new institution for bill review, which is outlined in Article 20 of the Indonesian Constitution.
TEACHING PEDAGOGIES IN THE NEW NORMAL
Authors: DON ANTON ROBLES BALIDA et al.
Published: June 2023

This study explores numerous effective teaching pedagogies in online and blended learning, promoting student engagement and improving outcomes. It identifies flipped classrooms, active learning, gamification, collaborative learning, project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and personalized learning as effective strategies. These pedagogies enhance student engagement, motivation, and critical thinking across various subjects. The findings suggest that multiple pedagogies can be effective based on context and student needs. Collaboration, active learning, and technology are highlighted as crucial elements. Teacher training and support are emphasized for successful implementation in online and blended learning environments. This study contributes insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders navigating the evolving educational landscape of the 21st century.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) AND ISLAMIC FINANCE
Authors: HIFSA MUNAWAR et al.
Published: June 2023

International Monetary fund is widely known for its financial support and stability programs toward week and unstable economies around the world. It was not until 21st century when Islamic modes of financing became an official part of IMF’s finance market after successfully generating record breaking revenues in Muslim countries like Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. The most important aspect of Islamic finance was Sukuk. In fact, it was the reason Islamic finance became a part of IMF. But the current working of IMF around the world and Islamic mode of financing don’t go side by side. The reason for this is interest based policies of IMF and increased risk factor for borrower countries. Moreover, IMF exploits week economies using funds obtained by strong countries and as a result, poor becomes poorer and rich becomes richer. It is the IMF who took out the values of the most important financial entities from Muslim countries; Oil and Gold. It can be said that as a result of IMF and its success, Muslim countries suffered the most and are still suffering. Pakistan is the living example of this suffering. The amount of debt payable by Pakistan is insane and send shivers down the spine. So it can be concluded that IMF started for a noble cause to support economies suffering from great depression and WWII but it has become a Mafia who cares only about gaining more power and hold over poor economies.
THE IMPACT OF THE CHINA-PAKISTAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (FTA) ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF PAKISTAN
Authors: AWAIS DASTGEER et al.
Published: June 2023

This article examines the impact of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between China and Pakistan on the economic growth of Pakistan. The nature of this article is analytical, so archival data was retrieved from (UN COMTRADE Statistics).The Econometric Modeling is based on the Time Series data of Imports and Exports for the last 12 years, from 2008 to 2020, to assess the Impact of imports and Exports on Pakistan's economic growth. E-Views are used to analyze the data. Furthermore, the Short-term link between Pakistan's imports-exports and trade flows was evaluated using a Vector Autoregressive model (VAR) and a Cointegration test.The research concludes with policy suggestions based on a study of the China-Pakistan (FTA) and the overall impact of imports and exports on Pakistan's trade flows.
BUDGET DEFICIT AND ITS EFFECTS ON INFLATION RATE (NEW EVIDENCE FROM ARGENTINA) MONETARY VISION
Authors: SARDAR MOHAMMED HAIDAR AL-SENJARI et al.
Published: June 2023

This research explores the mechanism by which the general budget deficit affects the inflation rate in Latin America, taking Argentina as a model for these countries for the period (1990-2020). To re-test a hypothesis that has often been raised in economic literature, that there are direct effects of the budget deficit on the inflation rate, the researchers used the (ARDL) model to support and prove the hypothesis from which it was based in a country that suffers from major monetary and financial problems, describing this model as more consistent with the research data after conducting the unit root test as well as co-integration. As a result, the research came up with results that supported the research hypothesis, as an increase in the budget deficit by (1%) leads to a rise in the inflation rate by (1.35%), which supports the previous studies of this study and which makes the direct effect of the budget deficit on the inflation rate closer to the irrefutable truth.
LEGAL PERCEPTION OF THE QUALITY OF VIRTUAL PHYSICS CLASSES IN STUDENTS OF THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MANABÍ -ECUADOR
Authors: MARÍA JACQUELINE PITA ASAN et al.
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the opinions of students in the Food Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering programs at the Technical University of Manabí on the virtual teaching of Physics that took place during the 2020-2022 period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To accomplish this, a questionnaire consisting of 14 closed questions and two open questions was completed by 197 students. The results revealed that the majority of students had a negative view of the distance teaching of Physics, particularly regarding problems related to the home environment, connectivity issues, lack of communication between teachers and students, reduced concentration, and a decrease in experimental activities. However, several students also identified positive elements of distance education, particularly related to the teaching of Physics on general topics. These positive elements included increased use of audiovisual material, which contributed to understanding of Physics concepts and processes, and could be adopted more broadly in Physics education, not only in distance learning.
A SHIFT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUREAUCRACY IN THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE OF VILLAGE GOVERNMENTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: NITARIA ANGKASA et al.
Published: June 2023

Social development in communities has continued to rapidly evolve, necessitating that governments be prepared to meet the needs of their villages. This requires restructuring village government bureaucracies to conform to existing laws and regulations and provide for the welfare of their communities. Restructuring village bureaucracies is a shared obligation between village officials and the community. This research examines the nature of this shift in bureaucracy and the urgency of realizing principles of village governance regarding financial management. The method used is empirical normative juridical, which relies on documents, legislation, and field facts. The study finds that bureaucracy should always be based on the law and legal certainty, particularly in policy-making and decision-making, to prevent maladministration. Good governance requires practical knowledge, traditional manners, and professionalism. Public service problems present a challenge for villages to improve their quality and offer fast, easy, and good services.
THE EDUCATIONAS A DETERMINANT FACTOR IN ECONOMIC GROWTH. THE ECUADORIAN CASE (1960-2019)
Authors: DIAZ-KOVALENKO et al.
Published: June 2023

This paper studies the factors driving the Ecuadorian economic growth through the analysis of the education relevance measured as human capital for the period 1960-2019. By providing a characterization of the business cycle in Ecuador we were able to describe the economic growth trend, cyclical component and also the expansions and recessions periods. To this end, we also analyzed the labor share in the economy to observe the evolution of human capital importance in the income distribution.

 

Secondly, a multiple regression model was designed to quantify the correlation between the economic growth rate and the evolution of human capital. The main findingsare that human capital and commodity prices have been relevant in explaining the economic growth, i.e., are the main source of increase in the GDP. To complement the analysis ant to stablish the importance of public policies for the betterment of education, a theoretical framework was designed to identify how the government spending and investment in education contribute for the human capital to increase over time.The results show that both government spending and investment are strongly correlated to increases in human capital index.

 

Finally, we performed a statistical growth accounting exercise to quantify the relative importance of the different factors explaining output growth: inputs accumulation (extensive growth) and technological progress (intensive growth). By decomposing the labor between increase in workers and improving of human capital human capital we can isolate the effects of education in economic growth.

 

Thus, for the period 1960-2019, for the Cobb-Douglas aggregate production function the average contribution of capital and labor were1.66%and 1.53% respectively points to the average annual output growth of 4.04%, whilehuman capital is accountable for 0.43%.It is also noticeable that TFP has been responsible for 0.40%, almost the same amount of the human capital. On the other hand, the augmented production function indicates that the isolated contribution of human capital was 0.25, while capital and labor were 1.14% and 1.26% respectively.The results obtained confirm the importance that the accumulation in physical capital and employment had played in explaining per capita output growth during the last decades, whereas the contribution of total factor productivity has been more modest. Human capital has also been a relevant factor in explaining the evolution of production, precisely because it is a developing economy that started from lower levels of human capital.
DOES CONSULTATION PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING PROGRAM?: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: MUHAMAD ALI IMRAN KAMARUDIN et al.
Published: June 2023

Purpose – This paper aims to shed the importance of consultation as the intervention towards realizing the effectiveness of the entrepreneurial training conducted. Consultation deemed as pivotal in supporting the training initiatives which involved reflective learning among the participants.

Theoretical Framework – Business performance acts as the dependent variable, entrepreneurial training as the independent variable while consultation plays a significant role of a mediator. The model of strutured entrepreneurial training for SMEs is conceptualized based on the Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) and the Absorptive Capacity Theory (ACT).

Methodology – Mixed-method design is proposed to be employed in carrying out this research. An explanatory sequential approach of quantitative followed by qualitative data collection are used to achieve the set objectives.

Findings – The expected findings that could shed the light on the importance of consultation in the likelihood of the training effectiveness, thus lead towards favourable performance of the business among SMEs.   

Research Implication – From the policymaker perspective, this research paper sheds new light for the Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Cooperative (MEDAC) to design a handful and effective entrepreneurial training and development program among SMEs. This helps to spearhead the national agenda on supporting the SMEs development overall.  

Originality/Value – Theoretically, this research could contribute to the current entrepreneurship literature specifically on the entrepreneurial training over the significance of consultation as the mechanism towards effectiveness in training. Also, this research practically implicates the current government agencies’ practices which to incorporate consultation as a pivotal part in the planning and implementaion of the training conducted.
MANAGEMENT EVALUATION METHOD FOR PLANS, PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS OF MUNICIPAL DECENTRALIZED AUTONOMOUS GOVERNMENTS (GADM) OF ECUADOR
Authors: MARIELA DE LOS ÁNGELES HIDALGO MAYORGA et al.
Published: June 2023

The Territorial Development and Ordering Plan (PDOT) is the responsibility of the Decentralized Autonomous Governments GADs at their different levels of government so that the State can order the territory and transfer resources, this being the main budgetary source; on the other hand, it is the financing of the GADs through their own resources (property taxes,  rates, and special contributions for improvements, among others), frequently destined for current spending and specific requests from sectors; frequently investments that do not respond to the planning or real needs identified in the diagnoses and participatory processes of the territory. The present investigation is part of the regulations and technique that is mandatory for the Municipal GADs, applied to an evaluation through a case study (PDOT 2020 - 2030 of the GADM of Riobamba) in terms of management procedures and prioritization in which consider some parameters that show the progress of these planning tools. The law of scarcity is also applied, which arises from the insufficiency of various resources that are considered essential for the human being, which allows prioritizing investment based on planning and available budget. The evaluation carried out strengthens and improves the actions of public institutions, helping in parallel to respond to the real demands of their territories.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTION AND AWARENESS OF USM STUDENTS TOWARDS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST FEMALES
Authors: SITI FAIRUZ MOHD RADZI et al.
Published: June 2023

Due to lockdowns and stay-at-home measures in combating COVID-19 worlwide, the number of domestic violence cases have increased tremendously since 2020. In order to eliminate domestic violence against females, it is imperative to better understand the background of domestic violence against females, as well as the societal institutions that promote its persistence. This study aimed at determining and analysing the perception and awareness level of USM students on domestic violence against females. The result showed that USM students have a strong awareness of different types of abuses. Among those six categories, 72.4% of the respondents strongly agreed with physical abuse as a form of domestic violence and had the largest mean 4.667 while 38.1% of respondents strongly agreed with stalking as a form of domestic violence with the lowest mean 3.905. However, the result also revealed that the majority of the students are unaware that the illness-based violence is one of the causes of domestic violence as opposed to the other five causes. We also found that there exists a significant difference of percentages of responses between strengthening laws and legislations against domestic violence as a potential solution (73.34%) with the mean of 4.686. This shows a rather alarming signal that USM students are generally too dependent on law and have the mindset that law can overcome domestic violence issues. Recommendations to improve the students’ awareness on this matter are presented accordingly.
THEORISING EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION – A COMMON LAW APPROACH
Authors: HARLIDA ABDUL WAHAB et al.
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Unlike the United Kingdom with her Equality Act 2010 that covers different settings and grounds of discrimination, Malaysia does not have an explicit anti-discrimination legislation. On this ground, in the employment context, the researchers established that the employee could institute the right against discrimination through the common law.

Theoretical Framework: The argument is founded on the implied contractual term, of trust and confidence, together with the duty of care.

Methodology: A doctrinal legal research is the approach by composing a descriptive and analytical analysis of legal rules gathered from primary sources namely court cases and statutes.

Findings: Common law duty of implied term of trust and confidence, and duty of care should be positioning and establishing the employer’s liability for employment discrimination thus providing legal recourse for victimized/discriminated employees.

Research Implications: This work demonstrates that in the absence of a statute regarding employment discrimination, the breach of implied contractual term could be the approach thus indicating the interrelation of common law theory in employment relations.

Originality: Should the rights and protection of employees against discrimination be jeopardized in the absence of anti-discrimination legislation in Malaysia, at least, until recently, it is theorised that common law’s implied term of trust and confidence, and duty of care are the basis of legal recourse for employees.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND SUSTAINABLE SERVICE PERFORMANCE ON E-COMMERCE FOODS LOGISTICS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: MUSTAKIM MELAN et al.
Published: June 2023

The objectives of this research are to identify the sustainable service performance of food industry and e-commerce of food logistics during the Pandemic of Covid19. It involves of the overall deliveries, quality, information, timeliness, personnel contacts,and perceived important. It also explores on the customer satisfaction  e-commerce of food logistics companies.   The epidemic of Covid-19, fresh food e-commerce platforms which online purchases were established extensively. This growth has affected in the final logistics services and become more and more important during the movement control. The development of the e-commerce logistics may be influenced by the competent final logistics solution given by e-commerce of food companies. The survey was conducted using on line questionnaires that involved of 384 respondents. The questionnaires   were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, Pearson Correlation and multiple linear regression. The results of Pearson Correlation and multiple linear regressions show that the Personnel Contact (PCQ), Delivery (DQ), Information (IQ), Timeliness (TQ) and Perceived Important (PIQ) have a positive relationship with customer satisfaction. The results suggest that the variables recommended are able to be used in future developing service performance in foods industry and e-commerce   food at the final logistics requirements during pandemic.
THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC ORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGES ON MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES THE JORDAN SME LOGISTIC COMPANIES
Authors: MUNEERA AHMAD FALAHA et al.
Published: June 2023

Organizational development is a normal occurrence in administrative organizations because it is crucial to improving the functioning and efficiency of job performance, the human and organizational side is considered one of the most important elements of a successful renaissance in the life of administration in general and human resources management. This paper aims to investigate the effect of strategic organizational challenges on managing human resources the Jordan SME logistic companies. The survey was conducted focusing in the SME logistics sector, the data were collected from 114 responders which were selected from SME located in Amman, Jordan. Multi regression analyses were used to analyze the collected data, the findings showed a substantial impact of strategic organizational challenges on human resources planning in SME Companies.
STRATEGIC ORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGES AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES IN JORDAN SME LOGISTICS COMPANIES
Authors: MUNEERA AHMAD FALAHA et al.
Published: June 2023

Organizational development is a natural phenomenon in the world of administrative organizations. As it plays a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness and functionality of job performance. The human and organizational side is regarded as one of the most crucial components of a successful renaissance in the life of administration in general and human resources management. However, this paper aims to investigate the impact of strategic organizational challenges on managing human resources in the light of entrepreneurship as a moderate variable in Jordanian SME logistics companies. Smart PLS4 was used to analyze the data that collected via questionnaire. Probability sampling were used. A total of 527 questionnaires were collected from the respondents. The result of missing value analysis showed that there are 193 responses are missing. Moreover, the findings indicate that strategic organizational challenges positively and significantly affect the entrepreneurship capabilities and competitive advantage. In addition, entrepreneurship capabilities positively and significantly affect competitive advantage and human resources performance. Entrepreneurship capabilities have a mediator effect between variables. However, this study contributes to providing decision makers and policy makers; where adopting sustainable HR practices can benefit decision makers in Jordan SME logistics companies by improving employee retention, productivity, efficiency, reputation, and talent acquisition, while mitigating risks associated with legal, regulatory, and ethical issues.
CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HALAL CERTIFICATION AMONG SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)
Authors: SITI ZAKIAH ABU BAKAR et al.
Published: June 2023

This research aims to have a better understanding of the Halal certification challenges amongst the Small Medium Entrepreneurs (SMEs) in Malaysia. Since Halal industry is growing globally, the benefits of embarking in Halal certification will strengthen the economic standing among entrepreneurs. A study amongst SMEs was conducted to get deeper understanding on the challenges in approaching Halal. Local SMEs in Malaysia will be identified as participants for this study. The focus of our research is in the food industry. The area of research is in the Northern area of Malaysia. This study is expected to provide a good groundwork to further enhancement of Halal penetration among SMEs. The findings will show the challenges that the SMEs encounter during their pursuit of Halal certification. By identifying the challenges faced, this study can contribute ideas to certain parties to facilitate the acquisition of Halal certificates among SMEs. This study will benefit both future researchers and practitioners alike.
SELF-ASSESSMENT OF PRIVATE TAHFIZ SCHOOLS’ GOVERNANCE AND INFRASTRUCTURES
Authors: HAMIDAH BANI et al.
Published: June 2023

Self- funded Private Tahfiz schools in Malaysia have been given attention as an alternative education stream for children to concentrate on memorizing Al Quran. A Tahfiz student who has successfully memorized the whole Al-Quran is called a Huffaz. Besides the ability in memorizing Al Quran, a Huffaz has the potential to excel in professional fields and expected to contribute to the enhancement of human capital. In meeting its noble objective and high stakeholder’s expectation, the Private Tahfiz School governance is accountable to provide sufficient school infrastructures in support for conducive learning experience to its students. This study attempts to assess and to compare the governance structure and the infrastructure of Private Tahfiz schools in Selangor and Johor. Using a quantitative research method, a self-assessment questionnaire survey was distributed to Private Tahfiz education providers. Descriptive analysis and t test were applied in analysing the data. The assessment marks were translated into star ratings (90%-100%: 4 stars-Excellent, 70%-89%: 3 stars-Good, 50%-69%%: 2 stars- Satisfactory, and 49% and below:1 star- Not Satisfactory). It was found that on average, Private Tahfiz schools in Johor and Selangor had 3 stars infrastructure. The results also showed that there were differences in school governance and the availability of infrastructures in Private Tahfiz schools in both states. Infrastructures for teachers’ welfare, reading room to enhance reading habit among Private Tahfiz School community and information technology infrastructure were among the low rating infrastructures. These findings will help interested stakeholders strategizing their contributions for the improvement and development of infrastructures in Private Tahfiz schools towards providing an inclusive education to the students. Future research may apply auditing technique to assess the Private Tahfiz School’s infrastructure and its relationship to students’ performance in order to enrich the literature on Private Tahfiz School and infrastructure.