bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection of Data for Digital Twin Healthcare in the Cloud With Dual Guard Cryptography
Authors: Nithiyanandam N. , Vidhyalakshmi M. K. , Vijiyakumar K.
Published: February 2025

The abstract encapsulates a comprehensive methodology for handling cardiac data sourced from the UCI research repository. Utilizing normalization and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the data undergoes preprocessing to extract crucial features for analysis. Robust encryption algorithms including Hybrid Elliptic Curve Cryptography (HECC), Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), and Dual-guard Encryption (DGE) ensure the security of sensitive medical information in cloud-based processing environments. The integration of digital twin security enhances data protection, while insights into encryption and decryption times, as well as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), provide valuable metrics for evaluating efficiency and quality. Current methods have their drawbacks, however Convolutional Neural Networks, Bayesian Belief Networks, and Fuzzy-Based Duo-Secure Multi-Modal systems, the proposed methodology offers a promising avenue for advancing healthcare informatics and cloud computing technologies.
Green Organizational Management and Technological Innovation on Green Sustainable Organizational Performance
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González Francisco Javier J. , Rodriquez-Maillard Carlos A. , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the conditions of green organizational management and technological-innovation. The analysis departs from assuming that green organizational management innovation and technological innovation has a direct influence on sustainable green organizational performance under the assumption that sustainability mediates the relationship between green management and green technological innovation and green organizational performance. The method used is the meta-analytical-reflective based on the conceptual, theoretical and empirical review of the literature. It is concluded that the green organizational management and technological innovation has a direct effect on sustainable organizational performance.
Impact of Green Marketing Strategies on Consumer Purchasing
Authors: Jin Jiahua , Mehnaz  , Marcel Tannek
Published: February 2025

The core of marketing is to meet consumers' specific needs and desires and create customer value through product and service exchanges. With growing environmental concerns, consumers are favoring environment-friendly products and services. As green marketing involves sustainable marketing, companies propagate and promote environment-friendly products to attract consumers to have ecological consciousness. Green Marketing (GM) encompasses various marketing strategies aimed at influencing the behavior of consumers towards products and companies that take an extra effort to demonstrate an environmental commitment or at least a commitment to social responsibility. In essence, green marketing is not just about branding a product or a company as eco-friendly, and more importantly, it is about the least toxic, energy-efficient, durable, and recyclable products and packaging.
Organizational Green Technology Innovation
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González Francisco Javier J. , Vargas-González Omar C. , Castañeda-Burciaga Selene , Guirette-Barbosa Omar Alejandro
Published: February 2025

This study has the purpose to analyze the different relations between the green innovation and the green technology leading to the green technology innovation processes. It is assumed that both elements green innovation and green technology are closely interrelated in the development of green technology innovation in organizations. The method employed is the meta-analysis supported by the reflective and descriptive methods used in the conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature reviews on the topics. Finally, some conclusions are presented to confirm the strong relationships between the green innovation and the green technology to create and develop the green technology innovation in organizations.
Crayfish-Optimized CNN and Random Forest for Effective Plant Disease Detection
Authors: Muthurajkumar S. , Kajeeth Kumar G. , Mohana Priya S. T. P.
Published: February 2025

Plant disease detection is crucial for ensuring agricultural productivity and food security. This work presents a new hybrid model that combines a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Random Forest (RF) to increase the accuracy and efficiency of plant disease identification. Additionally, the Crayfish Optimization Algorithm (COA) is utilized to fine-tune the hyperparameters of the CNN, improving its ability to extract relevant features from crop images. Then, these features are fed into a RF leverages its robustness and interpretability to classify the presence of diseases. Extensive experiments are conducted on a Plant village dataset and results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other existing models. The proposed model not only enhances detection performance but also reduces computational complexity, making it suitable for deployment in real-world agricultural settings. This hybrid approach showcases the potential of integrating evolutionary optimization algorithms with deep learning and ensemble methods to address complex problems in precision agriculture.
Machine Vision Systems for Post-Harvest Quality Assessment
Authors: Kumari Abiban , Singh Jaswinder , Langaya Sonu
Published: February 2025

The postharvest quality assessment of agricultural commodities such as fruit, vegetables, and cereal are a global concern. The complicated process of ensuring food quality and safety involves subjective perception which is full of biasness and labour intensive. These procedures are very time-consuming. Nowadays enterprises and researchers can benefit immensely from machine vision advancements in increasing the productivity of agricultural products. Consequently, machine vision has widespread use in all facets of the agriculture industry. The key function of the machine vision system is image processing. Deep learning and machine learning models can be used in image processing to efficiently determine the kind and caliber of the agriculture sector for the postharvest quality classification of different crops such as fruits, vegetables, and cereals.
A Tale of Two Countries
Authors: Dinçsoy Enver Erdinç , Doğan Muhammet Atlas
Published: February 2025

This study explores the effect of triple transformation—environmental, technological, and social initiatives—on business performance in the UK and France. The authors use panel data from 25 UK and 24 French firms (2005-2023) and employ panel quantile regression models to assess the impact of research and development expenses (RND), social pillar score (SPS), and environmental innovation score (ENIS) on return on assets (ROA). The results show SPS and ENIS negatively affect profitability, especially for more profitable firms, while RND shows no significant impact. Firm size positively influences profitability but diminishes among top performers. Triple transformation is crucial for sustainable growth, though it may pose short-term financial challenges for more profitable firms. Policymakers should consider supportive measures for firms adopting sustainability initiatives. This study provides empirical insights into the nuanced effects of triple transformation on profitability in different economic contexts.
From Triple Integration to Triple Transformation Through FDI
Authors: Seniuk Ninel , Fabus Michal
Published: February 2025

For the case of Slovakia in a comparative evolutionary dynamic of the Visegrad Four countries in the period 2007-2021. The results of such DDM-analysis were further used as a reasoned justification for the need of ESG transformation in the context of globalization G3.0 and G4.0 within the framework of the TT model. At the same time, these results demonstrated the extremely complicated nature of a local or regional object as a complex adaptive system (CAS) subject to such ESG transformation. And in any case, such TT in the case of live CAS is similar to the external symptoms of the body, which are the result of deeper processes driven by some internal innovative driver. At the heart of such an internal innovation engine, which requires fundamentally new knowledge as a fuel for its work, is the triple integration model (TIM).
Interconnection of Digital, Cultural, and Strategic Transformations on the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Dolchinkov Nikolay Todorov
Published: February 2025

A brief overview and analysis of the digital, cultural, and strategic transformation and the relationship between each transformation is made. A SWOT analysis is made indicating positive and negative sides and how the gaps should be corrected. The advantages of each transformation, the method of implementation, and the role of state regulation in implementing the transformations are examined. An algorithm for implementing each of the three transformations is indicated and how they complement each other in their implementation. The implementation of the three transformations in Bulgaria and the countries of the Balkan Peninsula is described, and good practices and weaknesses are also indicated, as well as prospects for implementation in view of the specifics of the region.
Strategies for Organizational Development in Modern Societies
Authors: Petrova Teodora , Petrov Zhivo , Solovev Denis
Published: February 2025

This study provides a general overview of the organization and its basic structure, justifying opportunities for its development in the modern dynamic society. The main place in the study is occupied by corporate culture and personal management, as well as motivation. A different possibility for the development of medical tourism and the possibilities for the effective functioning of the organization are justified. In addition to theoretical models, practical opportunities for the implementation of the authors' ideas are also presented.
Monthly fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation of Canada from medium-resolution satellite imagery
Authors: Fernandes R. A. ,   Geomatics Canada, Sun L.
Published: February 2025

La fraction de la radiation photosynthétiquement active absorbée (fAPAR) quantifie la radiation absorbée par le feuillage vert. Le fAPAR a été identifié par le Système mondial d'observation du climat comme une variable climatique essentielle nécessaire pour la modélisation et le suivi des écosystèmes, de la météo et du climat. Ce produit comprend une couverture à l'échelle nationale (Canada) de cartes mensuelles du fAPAR pendant une saison de croissance (mai-juin-juillet-août-septembre) à une résolution de 20 mètres.
Comparison of Efficacy, Haemodynamic and Oxygen Saturation Variability by Using 4% Articaine Hydrochloride and 2% Lignocaine Hydrochloride During Periodontal Flap Surgery: A Double-blind, Split-mouth and Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Joshi Shivangi , Talreja Prakash Srichand , Rao Prajakta , Mohta Ruhi , Sharma Udita , Shreya Somya
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Periodontitis is a progressive oral disease that can lead to tooth loss and systemic health issues. Periodontal flap surgery is an essential treatment for advanced periodontitis. Effective pain control during surgery is crucial and often achieved through local anaesthesia. This study compares the efficacy, haemodynamic changes and oxygen saturation (SpO2) variability between 4% articaine hydrochloride and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. The study compares the efficacy, haemodynamic effects and SpO2 changes between 4% articaine hydrochloride and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride during periodontal flap surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This double-blind, split-mouth, randomised controlled trial involved 22 patients with bilateral symmetrical sites requiring periodontal flap surgery. Each patient received both anaesthetics in separate sittings. The onset of anaesthesia, pain perception using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), haemodynamic changes (blood pressure and heart rate) and SpO2 variability were recorded and analysed.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in the onset of anaesthesia between the two groups. The VAS scores were significantly lower in the articaine group, indicating better pain management. Haemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure changes and SpO2 variability showed no significant differences between the groups, except for pulse rates, which were higher in the lignocaine group.

Conclusion:

Both anaesthetics are effective for periodontal flap surgery, but articaine hydrochloride offers advantages in pain management and pulse rate stability. Individualised consideration for optimal anaesthesia selection is recommended based on patient preferences and clinical circumstances.
Comparative Evaluation of Pulp Dissolution and Smear Layer Removal Properties of Various Herbal Extracts: An in vitro Study
Authors: Khan Suleman Abbas , Gaidhane Harshal , Navit Saumya , Upadhyay Meenakshi , Pal Sujeet Shriram , Grover Nishi
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Root canal treatment involves eliminating microorganisms and necrotic tissue through biomechanical debridement and root canal filling to prevent reinfection. Disinfection is enhanced by removing the smear layer, composed of organic and inorganic debris, using irritants like sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for organic dissolution and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for chelation. Despite their efficacy, these agents have limitations, such as cytotoxicity and dentinal erosion. Research into biocompatible alternatives, including herbal extracts and essential oils, shows promise for safer and more effective root canal disinfection.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty extracted single-rooted premolars were studied for pulp dissolution and smear layer removal. Neem leaf (Group A), orange peel (Group B) and grape seed (Group C) extracts were tested against 3% NaOCl (Group D) for pulp dissolution and 17% EDTA (Group E) for smear layer removal. Pulp dissolution was assessed by weighing specimens before and after immersion in solutions, while smear layer removal was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Results were statistically analysed.

Results:

On statistical analysis, NaOCl showed significantly higher pulp dissolution compared to experimental herbal extract at all-time intervals, i.e. 30, 60 and 90 min. On intergroup comparison of smear layer removal scores, 17% EDTA produced significantly higher smear layer removal with a mean score of 0.4 compared to other herbal extracts.

Conclusion:

Herbal extracts exhibited no significant pulp dissolution at 30, 60 and 90 min compared to NaOCl. Similarly, none of the herbal extracts were comparable to 17% EDTA in smear layer removal efficacy. However, amongst herbal extracts, grape seed showed significantly better smear layer removal than Orange peel extract.
Comprehensive Cardiac Monitoring and Early Intervention in a Patient with Hypertension Using Smartphone-based Portable Electrocardiogram
Authors: Singh Yogendra , Pandey C. B. , Pandey Shashank , Chandola Nitin , Agarwal Deeksha
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases pose significant global health challenges, necessitating effective early detection and management strategies. Smartphone-based portable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices offer a promising solution by enabling convenient, real-time cardiac monitoring outside traditional health-care settings. This case report examines the clinical course of a 70-year-old male with a history of hypertension who presented with symptoms of breathlessness. Utilizing the Spandan ECG device, the patient underwent multiple at-home ECG tests, identifying premature ventricular complexes, sinus bradycardia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Subsequent diagnostic evaluations, including echocardiography, stress testing, and coronary angiography, confirmed coronary artery disease with significant stenosis in the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries. Portable ECG monitoring facilitated early intervention and personalized treatment, underscoring its role in improving patient outcomes through proactive cardiovascular care. This case highlights the transformative potential of smartphone-based ECG devices in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, facilitating timely interventions, and empowering patients in their health-care journey.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography as a “Treatment and Discharge” Daycare Procedure under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Analysis in a Tertiary Care Cancer Center in Oman
Authors: Ravi Parli Raghavan , Al Qarshoubi Issa Saif , Pulikkodan Jahfarali , Sahajanandan Raj , Matar Rasha , Mantri Jyoti , Sanyour Joyce Elias
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

ERCP under General anesthesia has been proven safe as a daycare procedure in multiple studies in non-oncological centers. We wanted to study its safety in a Oncological centre.

Materials and Methods:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the “treatment and transfer” policy, a descriptive retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone ERCP from March 2022 to March 2024 in the center was conducted. Data was collected from the hospital information system/ Electronic medical records. Individual patient medical reports were reviewed apart from the anesthesia records and endoscopy procedure notes. Statistical Products and Services Solution (SPSS) software version 29.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Continuous data were expressed as a means with standard deviation. Categorical data were represented as percentages and counts.

Results:

73 patients who underwent 131 procedures were taken into the study. The average PACU time and discharge from the daycare centre was109±34.22 mins (Max 245 mins, Min 55 mins) and 133±12.76 (Max 264 mins, Min 78 mins). Six patients (4.58%) were admitted due to procedural complications and previous morbidity. Six patients developed hypotension, and two patients developed significant hypoxia. 29 patients had nausea/vomiting, of which only four required medications but none of them were admitted.

Conclusion:

Establishing a “treatment and discharge” facility as a centre of excellence in SQCCCRC is a beneficial modality for patients undergoing ERCP under GA in Muscat, Oman. .
Another Addition to Abdomen’s Pandora’s Box: Multi-compartment Enormous Liposarcoma
Authors: Chauhan Vikram Singh , Gupta Purshotam Dass , Parashar Pooja
Published: February 2025

Soft tissue sarcomas constitute less than 1% of all neoplasms, with a third of malignant tumours in the retroperitoneum being sarcomas and liposarcoma being the commonest. Local aggressiveness and clinical non-specificity make treatment challenging. A 52-year-old man presented with a massive lump in the abdomen. Surgery following work-up indicated a well-differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) with intraperitoneal and scrotal extension and weighed a substantial 6.8 kg. Treatment required meticulous local resection preserving the functionality. RPLS manifests as a large, locally advanced lesion with intraperitoneal extension, but extension into the inguinal canal is unknown. Being low grade, distant metastasis is infrequent, and the challenge lies in achieving effective local control and preventing local recurrence. The preferred treatment involves radical resection incorporating en bloc resection of involved structures. Strategic neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, tailored to specific tumour histology, may enhance local control and overall survival. Radical resection of the tumour from the mesentery of the large and small bowel, preserving their vascularity along with retroperitoneal component, albeit in parts, was achieved and is the first-line cure in RPLS. In select cases, individualised chemotherapy and radiation therapy may offer a survival benefit.
Unveiling 12th Rib Syndrome: A Case Report of 2 Cases and Diagnostic Insights
Authors: Jha Shreyasi , Kumar Ameet , Bhalla Alok
Published: February 2025

Twelfth (12th) rib syndrome, a rare condition that causes hypochondrial and flank pain, involves the irritation or entrapment of the 12th intercostal nerve due to structural abnormalities or trauma to the 12th rib. This study presents a case report of a 54-year-old gentleman with persistent left hypochondrium pain and a 78-year-old lady with unremitting right hypochondrium pain despite multiple outpatient department visits in different sub-specialties over a prolonged period of time. The patients were evaluated and diagnosed with 12th rib syndrome. This article aims to enhance the awareness of 12th rib syndrome among clinicians, underscore the importance of considering it in differential diagnoses for hypochondrium pain, and provide insights into effective management approaches.
The Nigerian DREEM: Perception of Learning Environment among Clinical Medical Students in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ahangba Adamgbe Moses , Adejo Okpanachi Joshua , Atoshi Gani Sophia , Nnaetio Ozoilo Kenneth , Emmanuel Bature , Samuel DungDavou , Onyekachi Akubuko Stanley , Thomas Malau Kefas , Chibuzo Abiayi Daniel , Obidigbo Nwana Obiajulu , Gbenga AdewaleAdedeji , Danladi Wuyep Elijah , Yakubu KwarshakKevin , Emmanuel Firima , Ethan Ayange Mhirna
Published: February 2025

Background:

The learning environment of an academic institution has been defined to include social interactions, organisational cultures and structures, and physical and virtual spaces that surround and shape participants’ experiences, perceptions, and learning. The Dundee ready educational environment measure (DREEM) questionnaire, which has five domains, is a globally used tool used to access the perception of the learning environment.

Aim:

To assess the overall educational environment of clinical undergraduate medical students at the University using the DREEM questionnaire, and to determine the bio-social factors that influence students’ perception of this environment.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study on clinical medical students of the College of Health Sciences, University of Jos The overall DREEM score for each respondent was obtained by summing up the scores for all 50 questions. The mean DREEM score was derived by finding the average DREEM score for all respondents. Domain DREEM scores were derived by adding up the scores for questions in each respective domain.

Results:

There was a total of 416 respondents across the four clinical classes, with the mean age of 21.6 years (SD 4.06 years). Of the respondents, 244 (58.7%) were male and 172 (41.3%) were female. The mean DREEM was 110.48 (±22.76) which indicated that there were more positives than negatives. The domain, students’ academic self-perception, had the highest mean score of 19.81/32 (59.38%), while students’ social self-perception had the lowest score of 13.09/28 (46.75). Out of the 50 questions, three areas were recognised as strengths, while 15 were identified as needing improvement.

Conclusion:

The learning environment was in the range of more positives than negatives. The students have a good academic self-perception. However, there is a need for institutional measures that would help review the curriculum and address the individual problems identified, hence improving the learning environment and quality of undergraduate medical training.
Utilisation of Radiation Oncology Services by Patients with Head and Neck Malignancies in a Nigerian Tertiary Care Hospital: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Edetanlen Benlance Ekaniyere , Ohre Emuejeoboghene Ogoni , Oboh Oseiwe Evaristus , Ikhile Aimebelomo Emmanuel , Kayoma Dumebi , Oseghae Eustace , Amuh Obianuju Veronica
Published: February 2025

Background:

Radiation oncology services are luxuries in resource-challenged settings that should not be underutilised; however, no studies are available on their utilisation.

Objectives:

To determine the rate and pattern of utilisation of radiation oncology services in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:

All cases of head and neck cancers diagnosed and referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology, of a Nigerian Tertiary Care Hospital, from January 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Data were extracted from the case notes of the patients. Those patients with incomplete information were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Demographic data included were age, sex, religion, and place of residence, while the clinical data were regional location of cancer, nature of the tumour, origin of tumour, histological type and grade of tumour, and referring department. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were determined. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 software (IBM, Armonk, New York). A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

A total of 13,690 patients presented for the radiation oncology treatment, of which 1777 patients were treated for head and neck cancer, giving a prevalence of 0.56%. The age 18 range was 20–78 years with a mean age of 49.4 ± 13.7 years. More than half (77%) of the patients were older than 60 years. Two-thirds (74%) of the patients were males. Most (46.8%) of the lesions were on the oral region, which was followed by the nasal region (25%), while the least (6.5%) were observed on the cervical region. More than two-thirds (87%) originated from epithelial cells. In the same vein, the majority (88.3%) were non-odontogenic in origin. More than half (51.9%) were squamous cell carcinomas. Most (51.9%) of the patients were referred from the Department Of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Ethnicity significantly affected the nature of the tumour (P < 0.05), as did the histological types (P < 0.05) of head and neck cancers. Religion was associated with the type of referring departments (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The utilisation of radio-oncological services was high. There was significant distribution of referrals, histological types and types of tumours according to religion and ethnicity.
Sepsis Biomarkers: CRP, Procalcitonin, and Presepsin—Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance in Sepsis
Authors: Baxla Vineeta , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Seema Kumari , Kumar Abhay , Boipai Manju , Bhattacharya Pradip Kumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: February 2025

Background:

Sepsis is undeniably a serious worldwide health threat, causing millions of deaths each year and a real diagnostic challenge to the clinicians. The conventional standard culture methods are often negative and time-consuming; therefore, alternatively specific and easily measurable biomarkers could help in predicting the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis, as well as monitor the response to the treatments. This study will compare the role of the three markers procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and presepsin in the diagnosis of sepsis in suspected patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in eastern India.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to March 2022. Blood samples were collected from the patients admitted in various intensive care units with evidence of sepsis and the biomarkers were estimated.

Results:

Presepsin was found to be the best among the three biomarkers with sensitivity 89.1% and specificity 88.9%, followed by PCT with sensitivity 82.7% and specificity 80%, and then CRP with sensitivity 74.5% and specificity 75.6%. The diagnostic accuracy of presepsin was also found to be maximum as its area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was highest (0.858) followed by PCT whose area under the ROC curve was 0.793, and then CRP with area under the ROC curve 0.741.

Conclusion:

Based on the result of the present study, biomarkers were found to be quick, easy and effective test for diagnosing sepsis, and presepsin proved to be the most promising marker for diagnosis of sepsis as compared to PCT or CRP.
Pancreaticojejunostomy Obstruction Due to Jejuno-Jejunal Intussusception in the Roux Limb: A Rare Late Complication Following Longitudinal Pancreaticojejunostomy
Authors: Jebakumar Gilbert Samuel , Jayapal Loganathan , Kumar Santhosh , Baskaran Aravind , Tasgaonkar Siddhesh , Srivatsan Sumanth , Munikrishnan Venkatesh , Swain Sudeepta Kumar
Published: February 2025

Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) is done as a decompressive procedure for chronic pancreatitis with dilated main pancreatic duct (MPD) with a success rate of up to 80% in relieving pain with low morbidity and mortality. Roux limb obstruction following Roux-en-Y LPJ is a very rare complication and it has not been described earlier. Here, we report a rare case of pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) obstruction caused by jejuno-jejunal intussusception in the Roux limb. We present a case of a 31-year-old lady with recurrent episodes of intermittent colicky upper abdominal pain for 8 months. She underwent Roux-en-Y LPJ 20 years back for idiopathic chronic calcific pancreatitis. Her imaging revealed dilated MPD with a dilated Roux limb due to narrowing in the distal roux limb with intussusception. She underwent robotic-assisted resection of jejuno-jejunal intussusception and anastomosis along with cholecystectomy. She recovered well post-operatively and her pain subsided. PJ obstruction following pancreatoduodenectomy has been reported in the literature. However, similar presentation is rare following LPJ. This is the first ever case to be reported with Roux limb obstruction following LPJ. We present this case to emphasise the importance of high-quality imaging in diagnosing this rare case. Robotic-assisted surgery in adults for intussusception is a novel approach and not much discussed in the literature.
Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Factors Influencing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Testing Uptake: Insights from Urban and Rural Communities in South Africa
Authors: Xaba Nokhanyo , Qureshi Onaiza , Pasha Aneeta , Malik Amyn , Hoppe Anne , Tun Zaw Myo , Fynn National , Sibeko Goodman , Khowaja Saira , Khan Aamir Javed
Published: February 2025

Access, demand, and acceptance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing have varied globally. This study explored the sociodemographic and psychosocial risk factors that contribute to the uptake of COVID-19 testing in community settings in South Africa. This paper presents a cross-sectional secondary analysis using data from a cluster randomized controlled trial and a nested perception survey of COVID-19 antigen testing in communities located in urban (eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal) and rural settings (Worcester, Eastern Cape) in South Africa. Individuals who were reluctant to get tested participated in the perception survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression to assess linear associations and estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs). The analysis was conducted on 3,074 individuals, of whom 2,509 (81.6%) provided consent for COVID-19 testing. Among those, 2,505 (81.5%) tested negative, and 4 (0.1%) tested positive for COVID-19. The mean age of participants was 38 (SD = 14.61), and 57% were male. Females (OR: 1.27; 95% CI = 1–1.6), individuals older than 56 years (OR: 1.95; 95% CI = 1.24–3.07), and those who were vaccinated (OR: 1.99; 95% CI = 1.53–2.60) were more likely to consent. Individuals who had previously tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were less likely to consent to testing (OR: 0.64; 95% CI = 0.11–0.46). No link was found between depression, anxiety, substance use, and willingness to undergo COVID-19 testing. A perceptions survey involving 704 participants, which explored factors influencing testing willingness, found that older adults, and urban populations were less likely to undergo COVID-19 testing. Targeted health campaigns may improve testing rates. Larger-scale implementation research is required to explore best practices for improving testing rates and confidence in population-level detection within South Africa.
Effect of Antenatal Monthly Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine, Alone or with Azithromycin, on Gestational Weight Gain and Anemia during Pregnancy and One Month Postpartum in Malawi: A Randomized Controlled Trial Secondary Analysis
Authors: Luntamo Mari , Hallamaa Lotta , Kulmala Teija , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per
Published: February 2025

Low gestational weight gain (GWG) and prenatal anemia are associated with adverse pregnancy, maternal and infant health outcomes. In a secondary analysis of a single-center, randomized, partially placebo-controlled, outcome assessor-blinded, controlled trial conducted in Malawi from 2003 to 2006, when antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV was not widely available, we studied whether GWG can be increased and the prevalence of maternal anemia decreased during pregnancy and at 1 month postpartum through the intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) of maternal malaria and reproductive tract infections. The participants (≥15-year-old women with uncomplicated second trimester single pregnancies) received either sulfadoxine (1,500 mg) and pyrimethamine (75 mg; SP) twice (control group, n = 433), monthly SP (n = 439), or monthly SP and azithromycin (1,000 mg) twice (AZI-SP, n = 441) during pregnancy. The mean weekly GWG in the sample was 256 g/week. The participants in the monthly SP group gained, on average (95% CI), 4 g (–13 to 20; P = 0.671), and those in the AZI-SP group gained 25 g (8–41; P = 0.003) more weight per week than control group participants. Among HIV-positive participants (12%), the differences were larger and also significant between the monthly SP group and control group. Mean hemoglobin and anemia prevalence did not differ between the groups during pregnancy or postnatally. The data support a hypothesis that IPTp with monthly SP and two doses of azithromycin can increase GWG, especially among HIV-positive women who are not on ART, possibly through the reduction of infections, inflammation, and effects on the maternal gut microbiome.
The Management Pathway of Patients with Cystic Echinococcosis in Iran Prior to Definitive Surgical Treatment
Authors: Mohtasham Fatemeh , Shafiei Mohammad , Lashkarizadeh Mohammad Reza , Farokhnia Mehrdad , Yousefi Maysam , Eftekhar Vaghefi Rana , Khajehasani Fatemeh , Nasibi Saeid , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Fasihi Harandi Majid
Published: February 2025

Patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) regularly undergo surgery in medical centers in endemic countries. Our understanding of the challenges patients face on the pathway toward the final diagnosis and treatment of CE is poor. The present study was conducted to evaluate the medical care-seeking pathway and the underlying causes of the delayed surgical treatment of CE. Information related to 68 CE patients who underwent surgery in Kerman, Southeast Iran, was collected through face-to-face visits or telephone calls. All the patients were interviewed, and the medical records of each patient were reviewed. The pathway taken by the patient to seek care, the workups performed for diagnosis and management, and the length of time between the onset of symptoms and definitive diagnosis and surgery were evaluated. The patients were visited by at least two physicians; the median number of physicians was four. A total of 47% of the patients were referred to a general practitioner on their first visit. The mean times between the first visit and CE diagnosis and surgery were 1.5 and 3.2 months, respectively. A definitive diagnosis of CE was made for 35.3% of the patients in less than 1 month after the first visit. However, it took 4 months or more for 51.4% of the patients to receive hydatid surgery. The fear of anesthesia and surgery, the cost of management, unsuccessful chemotherapy for CE patients, pregnancy, and issues related to immigrant patients and refugees are among the factors involved in the protraction of CE diagnosis and treatment. Establishing practice guidelines for CE diagnosis and treatment, continuing education for healthcare professionals, and improving access to diagnostic facilities for endemic communities are required to address challenges in the management of CE in endemic regions.
Oleylphosphocholine versus Miltefosine for Canine Leishmaniasis
Authors: Lima Isadora , Fraga Deborah , Berman Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) is a miltefosine derivative that is more effective than miltefosine against Leishmania infections in rodent models. Because canines are a natural host for Leishmania, the improved treatment of canine leishmaniasis is essential both for veterinary medicine and as a large animal model for clinical development. Oleylphosphocholine, at a dosage of 4 mg/kg/day for 28 days, was compared with the approved canine regimen of miltefosine at a dosage of 2 mg/kg/day for 28 days in 33 naturally infected Brazilian dogs (17 randomly assigned to receive OlPC versus 16 designated to receive miltefosine). The animals were followed for 5 months posttreatment. The primary endpoint was the clinical score, which was calculated as the sum of scores for each of 23 clinical parameters graded 0 (normal), 1 (somewhat abnormal), or 2 (markedly abnormal) by a blinded observer. A higher clinical score signified more severe disease. The mean (SD) clinical scores for the OlPC versus miltefosine groups are as follows: pretherapy, 10.1 (5.6) versus 7.7 (4.5; P = 0.19); 3 months posttherapy, 4.3 (4.1) versus 9.5 (4.9; P <0.01); 5 months posttherapy, 3.9 (3.8) versus 8.9 (4.7; P <0.01). Scores for lymph nodes, ear crusts, and splenic parasites were statistically lower for the OlPC group versus the miltefosine group, suggesting that both visceral and cutaneous parameters contributed to OlPC’s statistically greater efficacy. One OlPC animal, with minimal splenic parasites pretreatment and zero parasites at the end of treatment, died of kidney failure due to immune-complex deposition, which was presumably already present pretreatment. The increase in blood creatinine values observed in OlPC animals warrants further study in future experiments. The superior clinical effect of OlPC in comparison to miltefosine in this canine study primes OlPC for development as an oral treatment for canine and human leishmaniasis.
New Forms and Tradition in International Cultural Cooperation Between Russia/the USSR and Latin America
Authors: Konstantinova N. S.
Published: February 2025

A number of publications by Russian researchers cover the long and eventful history of cultural contacts between Russia and Latin American states. The topic was particularly important in the Soviet period, since at the time foreign cultural policy was one of the mechanisms for maintaining security and the balance of power in a bipolar world. Nowadays the increasing relevance of the issue can be attributed, among other things, to the development of digital technology and the information explosion, whose impact on the cultural ties between Russia and Latin America is to be assessed. In this context, the emphasis is placed on the definition of culture, its essence as a dialogue, as well as the conditions necessary to foster intercultural dialogue, based on UN documents on cultural diversity amid globalization. This paper does not seek to compile all the specific materials on Russia’s cultural ties with Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, three largest countries in the region. However, analyzing not only the concepts behind cultural policies but also how they are implemented is instrumental in exploring the role of culture as the main tool of «soft power». In addition, it is helpful in examining the correlation between tradition and new forms of cultural interaction, which have emerged in response to today’s challenges. The cultural ties between Russia on the one hand and Brazil, Mexico and Argentina on the other are quite representative, hence they can be extrapolated to other countries of Latin America.
Agustín de Betancourt in the Dialogue Between the Cultures of Spain and Russia
Authors: Volosyuk O. V. , Solodkova O. L. , Zhukov N. N.
Published: February 2025

2024 marks the 200th anniversary of the death of Agustín de Betancourt (1758–1824), a distinguished Spanish and Russian engineer and scientist. His contribution to the development of engineering in both Spain and Russia is well-known; however, his role as a link between the two countries’ cultures is of particular interest. The research on the «Russian» period of Betancourt’s life began in the 1960s, yet recent discoveries by Russian scholars have revealed new aspects of his legacy in Russia. Although Betancourt’s life and work were closely tied to Saint Petersburg, his engineering projects can also be found in other Russian cities, such as Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod. Betancourt’s great legacy includes the fountain «Girl with a Jug» in Catherine Park in Tsarskoye Selo, the wooden Kamennoostrovsky Bridge, Saint Isaac’s Pontoon Bridge and Saint George’s Church. In addition, Betancourt’s engineering solutions were used in the construction of Saint Isaac’s Cathedral. Agustín de Betancourt’s legacy has to do not only with his material work, but also with his relationships with people who greatly influenced his life and work in Russia, above all with Emperor Alexander I. The memoirs of his contemporaries, such as Ivan Resimont and Filipp Vigel, shed light on Agustín de Betancourt’s career in Saint Petersburg, his personality and his unique role in the history of scientific and cultural relations between Spain and Russia in the early 19th century.
Spanish Themes in the Work of Natalia Goncharova
Authors: Maksimyuk T. M.
Published: February 2025

Many research papers examine the artistic heritage of the Russian painter Natalia Goncharova, yet relatively few analyze the Spanish themes in her work that she first explored in her sketches for ballets inspired by Spain and then in a series of paintings known as «The Spaniards» («Las españolas»). Nonetheless, in 1939, in the artist’s lifetime, an exhibition «Natalia Goncharova: Spaniards and magnolias» was held at the French gallery «Le Cadran». Marina Tsvetayeva, Russian poet and prose writer, described «The Spaniards» in her essay «Natalia Goncharova: Life and Work», highlighting the distinctive features of this series of paintings. These include the musical rhythm of contours and colour combinations, ethnographic elements, repetitive motifs, at the same time the variety of their interpretation, since the painter’s style evolved from decorative cubism to Art Deco and neoclassicism. Works with Spanish themes play an important role in Natalia Goncharova’s art because the images she created from 1916 to the early 1940s, during her Parisian period, reminded her of the homeland she had left. Thus, the study of the evolution of style, technique and function of Spanish themes helps to not only evaluate the influence of the theatre and flamenco on this series of works, but also to identify its two key components, namely the folkloric and the aristocratic. Combining the Western form of Spanish images with their Eastern spirit, Natalia Goncharova underlined the similarities between Russian and Spanish culture.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) Berbasis Pariwisata
Authors: Nasution Jamaluddin
Published: February 2025

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) adalah kegiatan Penyusunan dan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA). PKM ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan dan peningkatan kompetensi bagi pengajar dan pegiat BIPA. Selain itu, PKM ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan kepada generasi muda sebagai calon pengajar agar dapat memahami pengajaran BIPA lebih dini sehingga ilmu yang didapat bisa diterapkan di kampusnya masing-masing. Metode pelaksanaan PKM ini dilaksanakan dengan memberikan dan menjelaskan materi terkait bahan ajar BIPA berbasis pariwisata pada tanggal 2-3 April 2024 di Hotel JW Marriot, Kota Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan 50 peserta. Hasil PKM ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keterpahaman peserta untuk menyusun bahan ajar BIPA berbasis pariwisata sudah dapat dikatakan baik. Keterpahaman tersebut adalah: menyimak (paham: 35, sedang: 8, tidak paham: 7), berbicara (paham: 44, sedang: 5, tidak paham: 1), membaca (paham: 46, sedang: 2, tidak paham: 2), dan menulis (paham: 44, sedang: 1, tidak paham: 5). Manfaat yang diperoleh dengan kegiatan PKM ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang kebipaan pada peserta, materi ajar BIPA yang sesuai dengan tingkat pemelajar BIPA, praktik baik pengajaran BIPA berbasis pariwisata, memperkenalkan potensi pariwisata Indonesia, khususnya Provinsi Sumatera Utara, memperkuat solidaritas para pengajar dan pegiat BIPA di Sumatera Utara, dan mendukung kegiatan tahunan Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sumatera Utara.
Sosialisasi Pencegahan Pernikahan Dini di SMK Pembangunan Ampel
Authors: Larasati Kurnia Dewi , Ariastuti Umi Barokah , Qotimah Khusnul , Nugroho Ragil Adi , Agunanto Adi , Setiyo Sulis , Hartini Sri , Wicaksono Adhiputro Pangarso
Published: February 2025

Pada zaman yang mengalami kemajuan pesat  sekarang ini dari aspek sosial, budaya dan ekonomi, menjadikan kebiasaan masyarakat berubah. Salah satunya pergaulan bebas yang dianggap menjadi kebiasaan lumrah. Akan tetapi terdapat beberapa kelompok masyarakat yang masih menerapkan kebudayaan yang lama seperti menikahkan anaknya di usia dini. Pernikahan dini terjadi karena beberapa faktor dan memiliki dampak negatif dalam bidang kesehatan dan psikologis. Sosialisasi pernikahan dini yang dilaksanakan di Desa Kaligentong, Gladagsari, Ampel, Boyolali. Pada 29 Agustus 2024 bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran remaja putra dan putri khususnya pelajar SMK Pembangunan Ampel yang berusia 16-18 tahun mengenai dampak negatif dari pernikahan dini terhadap kesehatan reproduksi, pendidikan, dan masa depan. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 80 siswa melalui metode ceramah interaktif dan diskusi kelompok. Hasil kegiatan PKM menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dalam pengetahuan siswa mengenai risiko kesehatan akibat pernikahan dini, dan kesadaran akan pentingnya menempuh pendidikan ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu, sosialisasi ini juga berhasil membangun jejaring antara remaja untuk bersama-sama mencegah pernikahan dini
Peluang Bisnis Melalui Affiliate Marketing: Mengoptimalkan Waktu Luang Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Margamulya
Authors: Ramdani Risma Muhamad , Kahirani Annisa Rizki , Hadita Akmala , Prabowo Rizaldy , Aulia Intan Shamitha
Published: February 2025

Di era digital, affiliate marketing menawarkan peluang signifikan bagi ibu rumah tangga untuk memperoleh pendapatan tambahan dari rumah. Program Shopee Affiliate memungkinkan promosi produk tanpa memerlukan modal awal atau stok barang, sehingga relevan bagi mereka yang tinggal di daerah yang kurang terjangkau. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan ibu rumah tangga di Desa Margamulya dengan meningkatkan keterampilan mereka dalam melakukan Shopee Affiliate marketing sebagai sumber penghasilan tambahan. Metode yang digunakan mencakup tiga tahap utama: persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Dalam tahap pelaksanaan, peserta diberikan materi mengenai teknik pendaftaran, penggunaan fitur Shopee, strategi promosi, dan cara memaksimalkan pendapatan dari affiliate marketing. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 26 peserta, termasuk anggota PKK dan warga desa yang berminat belajar tentang affiliate marketing. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peserta, yang sebagian besar belum mengenal program Shopee Affiliate, berhasil mendaftar dan memanfaatkan Platform tersebut. Evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan dalam memanfaatkan Shopee Affiliate. Pada umumnya peserta merasa pengetahuan mereka meningkat secara signifikan, dan sebagian besar melihat potensi besar untuk meningkatkan pendapatan. Secara keseluruhan, peserta merasa sangat puas dengan materi dan penyampaian yang diberikan. Diharapkan ibu rumah tangga di Desa Margamulya dapat memanfaatkan kesempatan tersebut untuk menambah pendapatan keluarga secara efektif dengan memanfaatkan waktu luang mereka menjadi lebih produktif. Namun, selama proses pelaksanaan, tantangan seperti keterbatasan akses internet dan kurangnya pemahaman teknologi menjadi hambatan yang dihadapi peserta. Meskipun demikian, peningkatan keterampilan yang dicapai menunjukkan bahwa dengan pelatihan yang tepat, ibu rumah tangga dapat meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi mereka. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya dukungan berkelanjutan dalam bentuk pelatihan dan akses teknologi untuk memastikan keberhasilan program affiliate marketing di masa depan