bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Status and Determinants of Food insecurity in North Central Ethiopia: A case Study from Borena District, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Mezid Kassa
Published: August 2023

Currently, food insecurity is a global concern particularly in the developing nations like Ethiopia despite there is governmental efforts. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to identify the status and determinants of rural households’ food security in Borena district, north central Ethiopia. The study followed the positivism world view with a cross sectional study design. The study used multistage sampling procedure which involves a combination of purposive and random sampling techniques to select 358 sample household heads. Household sample survey was the main means that was used to acquire primary data. To identify the status of food insecurity and its determinants, Dietary Energy Supply indicator and Binary logistic regressions model were respectively employed. The results  showed that about 71.7% of the respondents were food unsecured households. A binary logistic regression model which was used in the study confirmed that education, cultivated farm size, improved seeds, urban linkages and access to health extension workers positively determined the food security while family size (population pressure) negatively determined the food security status of the households in the study area. Thus, the stakeholders (government bodies, non-governmental organizations, humanitarian agents and community leaders) need to intervene on regularly consumed nutritious foods. Policy reformers and designers should also work hard to reform and design policies on improvements in rural households’ education, size of cultivated land, access to health extension workers, improved seeds and rural- urban linkage in order to alleviate their food security constraints.
A Sociolinguistics Analysis of Jargons Used by Farmers of South Wollo in their Agricultural Activities
Authors: Mohammed Ali Damtew
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out jargons used by South Wollo farmers in their farming practices. The data were collected from seven districts of South Wollo Zone: Tenta, Mekidela, Kalu, Dessie Zuria, Kutaber, Ambasel and Tewledere. To collect the data, the researcher used open ended questionnaire and focus-group discussion. The data were collected from farmers of South Wollo, and from those people who had background on farming. Similarly, purposive sampling was used to select the study areas, and to select the participants of the study. Likewise, to interpret and analyze the data, qualitative research approach was employed. The researcher found out that farmers in South Wollo have jargon words which they use in their farming practices. These jargon words have been categorized thematically. The farmers do not use the jargon words to switch code from the outsiders, but they useit to make their communication easier. Some of the jargon terms are also used by out-groups, but they are used in differnt contexts and senses. Regarding the types of meanings, denotative, reflected, non-literal (connotative) and social meanings were identified. Finally, it is recommended that further research should be carried out in the rest of districts of Wollo, and other areas of the Amhara regions.
The Effect of Summarization Strategy on Reading Comprehension through Summary Writing Ability
Authors: Shibabaw Aragaw , Alemu Marew , Tesfa Agegnehu
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the role of summarizing ability as mediator of the effect of summarization strategy on reading comprehension. The study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design. It was carried out at Azezo Tseda kifleketema Atse Fasil Elementary School. Intact classes of 7th1 (n=54) and 7th2 (n=55) students participated as experimental and control groups, respectively. Students in the treatment and controle groups completed eight reading comprehension lessons using the summarization strategy and the conventional strategy respectively. From them, pre- and post-intervention data were obtained through tests. The data were analyzed through covariate-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) using SPSS AMOS v.20. Pretest datawere covariated and controlled. The statistical model showed that summarization strategy has a significant positive direct effect (β = 2.410, CR = 3.948, p< .005) on summarizing ability; on the other hand, summarizing ability has no significant direct effect (β =.178, CR = 1.460, p =.108) on reading comprehension. The strategy also has no significant indirect effect on reading comprehension through summarizing ability (β =.430, p =.109). Therefore, summarizing ability has no mediation role in the relationship between summarization strategy and reading comprehension. Based on the findings, pedagogical and research implications and suggestions were discussed and indicated.
Determinants of participatory forest management practices in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Negashe Askal G. , Addisie Meseret B.
Published: August 2023

Forest resources are fundamental in supporting the livelihoods of the people and the sustainability of biodiversity. However, these resources are overexploited in order to meet the increasing demand for food, shelter, and energy. Participatory forest management is a tool used to support the sustainable utilization of forest resources. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the factors that determined the participatory forest management practices in the study area. The Alemsaga forest was chosen as a case study since it is in danger in its current state due to illegal cuttings and unrestricted grazing. The study employed a mixed research design where quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection and analysis were implemented. Household heads from three rural kebeles were used as a target population, and the questionnaire survey was administered to randomly selected sample households. A binary logistic regression was employed to identify the major determinants of PFMP in the study area. The result shows that family size, education status, perception, forest income, and training have significant positive relations with household participation in forest management, whereas, demand for firewood and grazing, age, and change in office administration have significant negative relations with participation on forest management. Therefore, a key aspect in the sustainable use of natural resources is realizing the key determinant factors that influence forest management programs. This work can be perceived as a contribution to enlightening policymakers and practitioners about PFM practices and core factors that hampered the forest management effort.
A critical analysis of reading comprehension questions in Grade 12 English textbook: with particular reference to literary texts
Authors: Matthews Berhanu
Published: August 2023

The impetus for this study emerged from the problem in comprehension questions this researcher observed in the preparatory school English textbooks. The main objective of the paper is to examine the nature of this problem with reference to comprehension questions in the textbook in relation to the types of questions recommended in the literature on the subject. The intention is to find out whether the comprehension questions are organized in such a way as to facilitate continuous and communicative learning that can promote students’ intellectual and linguistic skills. In order to achieve this objective, the paper has used evaluation as its basic method. Primary data used to substantiate the arguments in the paper were drawn from comprehension questions based on literary reading materials presented in student’s English textbook for grade 12. Then, the current state of comprehension questions has been described and evaluated in view of the categories and structures of comprehension questions proposed by Davies and Stratton(1981). The results have shown that the comprehension questions provided in the textbook under investigation are predominantly fact questions. The finding in the paper is that fact questions should not be used as ends in themselves because they are usually limited to identification of textual facts and do not provide a potential for extended reflection and discussion required for the development of intellectual and linguistic skills in students. On the basis of the findings, the paper has also practically demonstrated these theoretical considerations by presenting a proposed questioning model that can be more realistic and closer to the experiences of curriculum designers, teachers.
On the philosophies of Zera Ya‘qob and Welde Hiwot: a comparative analysis on their lessons of social philosophies
Authors: Amare Tesfu
Published: August 2023

Philosophical thinking is one of the areas of knowledge that has existed in Ge‘ez literature since ancient times. The focus of this study was to analyze lessons of social philosophies from the various concepts in the indigenous philosophical books known as Hateta Zera Ya‘qob and Hateta Wolde Hiwot. According to the books, Hateta Zera Ya‘qob was written by an ancient Ethiopian philosopher known in the community as Worke, also called in the Christen name Zera Ya‘qob, who was born in 1592 E.C. Hateta Wolde Hiwot was also a philosophical thought which was written by Wolde Hiwot who was a student of Zera Ya‘qob. Many Europeans have written against Africans as they do not have any philosophical knowledge or ideas, and, they used this as a potent tool to make African generations lose their identities. On the contrary, this study focuses on the status of 17th century thiopian philosophy. Document review was the tool of data collection for the study, and the Ge‘ez texts written by Zara Ya‘qob and Wolde Hiwot have been used as sources of information. Interviews were also conducted with selected scholars to secure a better clarity. The information gathered is presented in a comprehensive analysis with qualitative approach. Accordingly, the social lessons described by Zara Ya‘qob and Wolde Hiwot by were classified into their categories and presented with analysis. Finally, the study suggested the incorporation of the identified philosophical ideas in to the text books of ethical education as they contribute immensely to social building.
Case Reports: Clinical features and postmorteum findings of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a 2-years old bull
Authors: Bariso Gishu , Befekadu Bethel , Feyisa Abdi
Published: August 2023

Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle and other ungulates caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus 1  (AlHV-1) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), the main causative agents of wildebeest-associated MCF (WA-MCF) and sheep-associated MCF  (SA-MCF), respectively. The virus is mainly spread by aerosols from pregnant or newborn sheep, goats, and wildebeest to  susceptible animals. This case report presents the clinical features and post-mortem findings of an unusual case of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in a two-year-old bull brought to the Professor Feseha Gebreab Memorial Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Bishoftu, Ethiopia.  The bull was semi-intensively managed, co-housed, and fed with sheep and other domestic animals. The animal was shivering upon  arrival, with naso-ocular discharge and clouding of the eyes. The bull was febrile, with a rectal body temperature of 41.4 oC and a  respiratory and heart rate of 40 and 48 beats per minute, respectively. On physical examination, the bull was emaciated, with bilateral yellowish mucopurulent naso-ocular discharge, frequent blinking, bilateral corneal opacity, salivation, a foamy mouth, head pressing, and  enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. Malignant catarrhal fever was suspected based on the history and clinical signs, and  empiric therapy with 10% oxytetracycline, diclofenac, and IV fluid was initiated. The bull died after receiving the third day of treatment. At  necropsy, hemorrhages were found in the esophagus, trachea, and small and large intestines. In the kidney, white foci, enlargement, and  fatty degeneration were observed. An ulcerated lesion was seen on the abomasum. In the gall bladder, enlargement and  vascularization were also noted. The current case report confirms the rare case of clinical SA-MCF based on the history, exhibited clinical  pictures, post-mortem findings, and PCR results. Separation of cattle and sheep is strongly advised to prevent SA-MCF, as no vaccine has  yet been developed.
Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cow’s milk in dairy farms at Shinshicho town, Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile
Authors: Markos Abriham , Begna Feyissa , Afera Yeshihareg , Tolosa Tadele
Published: August 2023

Bovine mastitis is an economically important and highly prevalent infectious disease in dairy herds worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is a  common microorganism causing infectious mastitis. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2018 and September  2019 in Shinshicho town, Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia, to estimate the prevalence, and assess associated risk factors and  antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. aureus isolates from cow’s milk in dairy farms at Shinshicho town. Lactating dairy cows were  screened for mastitis based on clinical examinations and the California mastitis test (CMT) followed by laboratory identification of S.  aureus. All the S. aureus isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests using a disk diffusion test. Multivariable logistic  regression analysis of the effect of different risk factors on the prevalence of mastitis was performed. From a total of 384 lactating cows  examined and tested, 41.7 % ( n=160) were found positive for mastitis. Out of the occurrences of mastitis, 5% (n=19) and 36.7% (n=141) were clinical and subclinical respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 36.84% (n=7) and 39.01% (n=55) of the clinical and  subclinical mastitis respectively with a total isolation frequency of 38.75 % (n=62). According to the results of this study, greater herd sizes  (OR=2.91, 95% CI: 1.62-5.21), higher parity cows (OR=3.91, 95% CI: 1.73-8.82), late lactation stage (OR=3.36, 95% CI: 1.27-8.91), and  muddy floor (OR=2.37, 95% CL: 1.31-4.27) are risk variables linked to the occurrence of S. aureus mastitis. In addition, S. aureus has total  resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin-G, and Polymyxin. Similarly, 53.2% of the isolates proved resistant to three or more of the  antibiotics used. Therefore, regular antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be performed to select potent modified antibiotics, and the  effects and dynamics of genetic determinants of antibiotics should also be studied using molecular methods.
Assessment of dairy farm’s hygienic practice and knowledge of farm workers on milk-borne zoonoses in three selected towns of the Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Ergano Mirtayhu Estifanos , Beriso Teshita Edaso , Mengistu Tilaye Shibbiru
Published: August 2023

Consumption of unhygienic milk is the most common source of milk-borne zoonotic diseases. These zoonoses have public health  importance and are a major obstacle to trade in livestock and livestock products. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was  conducted from December 2021 to June 2022 to assess milk-borne zoonotic diseases, the habit of milk consumption, and the hygienic  practices of dairy farm workers in three purposefully selected towns in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Dairy farms and farm  workers were selected by a simple random sampling technique. A total of 100 respondents, one per farm, were selected and participated  in the interview. The result indicated that 41% of farms used individual towels and 21% used common towels to dry their cows’ udders;  however, the remaining 38% of farms did not use any towels at all. The majority (59%) of farms clean the floor once a day and around 92% remove dung manually. Of total farm workers, 43% had no formal education, 28% had primary-level education, 5% had secondary- level education, 2% were college diploma holders, and 22% were first-degree and above graduate workers. Concerning milk consumption  habits, 64% of respondents used raw milk, 29% used raw and boiled milk, 3% of interviewees consumed all types of milk  (raw, boiled, refrigerated, and processed milk), and 4% didn’t drink milk at all. Furthermore, 50% of respondents were aware of disease  transmission through the consumption of raw milk. Regarding respondents’ knowledge of milk-borne zoonoses, 51% of interviewees  didn’t know about zoonotic diseases, while the remaining 4% knew about tuberculosis, 32% were aware of salmonellosis, 5% knew about  both tuberculosis and salmonellosis, and 8% were aware of tuberculosis, anthrax, mastitis, salmonellosis, and brucellosis. Concerning the  knowledge of respondents on disease transmission, 73% of respondents didn’t know that zoonotic diseases can transmit from humans to  animals and vice versa. Furthermore, when compared to other educational levels, participants with a degree or higher (86.7%) had  better awareness of disease transmission from raw milk consumption, and there was a statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05).  The farms had poor awareness of dairy farm hygienic standards and milk-borne zoonoses. To lessen the animal and public health  concerns associated with milk-borne zoonoses, it is critical to create awareness, provide extension services, and provide training  programs.
Germline Gene Editing Applications and the Afro-communitarian Ubuntu Philosophy
Authors: Ewuoso Cornelius
Published: August 2023

Germline gene editing has many applications or uses. This article focuses on specific applications. Specifically, the article draws on a  moral norm arising from the thinking about the value of communal relationships in the Afro-communitarian ubuntu philosophy to  interrogate key issues that specific applications of germline gene editing – for xeno-transplantation, agriculture and wildlife – raise. The  article contends that the application of germline gene editing in these areas is justified to the extent that they foster the capacity to relate  with others and to be communed with by others. The article grants that our today’s decisions about germline gene editing will  likely affect future humans, but will attempt to justify how this may be ethically permissible
Limited Communitarianism and the Merit of Afro-communitarian Rejectionism
Authors: Adeate Tosin
Published: August 2023

Limited communitarianism is presented as an alternative to classical communitarianism in African philosophy. Bernard Matolino, the   proponent of this view, argues that personhood can be attained with the constitutive features of the self leading the process, as against  the historical, classical communitarian view that prioritises the sociality of the self. He posits that it is a personhood conceived through  such view as limited communitarianism that can guarantee individual rights and prioritises the claims of the individual in African  philosophy. Matolino’s claim is grounded on the view that Afro-communitarianism, as presented in the classical account such as the  radical and moderate communitarianism of Menkiti and Gyekye, respectively, emphasises community essence in African philosophy and   hinders the expression of rights. The claim of the classical view informs the nudge to question the relevance and compatibility of Afro- communitarianism with the complex, multicultural modern African societies. As a result, limited communitarianism rejects the  mechanism of Afrocommunitarianism – essentialism. While limited communitarianism appears a rejection of what is known as Afro- communitarianism, which has earned it noncommunitarian labels such as being liberal and individualist, I argue that it is simply a well- argued form of moderate communitarianism that avoids the conundrum of community.
Testicular and epididymal anatomy and spermatozoa reserves of rabbit bucks fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal-based diets supplemented with mixtures of garlic, ginger or black pepper
Authors: Mohammed A. A. , Iyeghe-Erakpotobor G. T. , Zahraddeen D. , Barje P. P. , Samuel F. U.
Published: August 2023

Twenty-five mature male crossbred (Chinchilla × California× New Zealand White × Dutch) bucks (aged between six and seven months) of average weight (1915±125 g) were used. The bucks were fed either of five diets with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) as a complement and mixtures of either garlic, ginger or black pepper (spices) as supplements; diet one having no MOLM or spices; diet two having 6% MOLM; diet three having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g garlic (GR) and 3.5g ginger (GG) per kg diet; diet four having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g garlic (GR) and 3.5 g black pepper (BP) per kg diet; diet five having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g ginger (GG) and 3.5 g black pepper (BP) per kg diet in a CRD for three months. Data was analyzed using the GLM procedure while mean separation was done using pairwise difference method of SAS. Significantly (p < 0.05) lowest testes weight was obtained for MOLM + GR + BP fed bucks. Total testes volume was significantly (p < 0.05) lowest for MOLM + GR + GG fed bucks. Total caudal epididymidis sperm reserves were significantly (p < 0.01) highest for MOLM fed bucks. Daily sperm production and daily sperm production per gramme parenchyma were not (p > 0.05) affected by MOLM or addition of the spices to the diets. It is concluded that testes volume was increased by 6% MOLM + 3.5 g GR + 3.5 g BP. Also, MOLM fed at 6% dietary level increased caudal epididymides sperm reserves.
Risks Assessment of Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Zinc (Zn): A case study of Tilapia guineensis in Lagos Lagoon
Authors: Ajibare A. O. , Loto O. O.
Published: August 2023

This study determined the daily intake of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) in order to assess both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by the heavy metals in Tilapia guineensis of Lagos Lagoon. The heavy metals were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The metal distribution was Zn > Cu > Pb > Hg with values of 0.0248±0.04, 0.0093±0.01, 0.0005±0.00 and 0.000±0.00 mg/kg respectively. Daily Intake of Metal was in the order of Zn (0.02) > Cu (0.01) > Pb (0.00) ≥ Hg (0.00), while Target Hazard Quotient decreased in the order of Pb (3.82×10-4) > Cu (9.54×10-5) > Zn (2.49×10-6) > Hg (0.00). The values for Health Risk Index were 0.016 (Cu), 0.00 (Hg), 0.006 (Zn) and 0.034 (Pb), while that for the Health Quotients were 0.400 (Pb), 0.187 (Cu), 0.066 (Zn) and 0.00 (Hg). Similarly, all Hazard Index were less than one. This showed that the consumption of the fish from the study area had no non-carcinogenic health implication of Hg, Zn, Cu and Pb. However, the Target Cancer Risk for Pb (1.38×10-8) indicated minimum cancer risks for the consumers. The ecological risks quotients also revealed that T. guineensis of Lagos Lagoon constituted no ecological risk to the environment since the ERQs were less than one (i.e. ERQ < 1).
Evaluation and improvement of the health status of farmer-saved okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) seeds in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Cobbinah P. , Kwoseh C. K.
Published: August 2023

Farmer-saved seeds are major plant pathogen carriers, which serve as the primary source of inocula of many diseases leading to massive crop losses. In view of this, laboratory experiments to evaluate seed quality and prevalence of seed-borne fungi of farmer-saved okra seeds in 10 major okra growing communities in the Ashanti region were conducted. Two local okra varieties (Asontem and Asante Aba) were collected from farmers for the laboratory studies. Although the collected seeds were observed to be of high purity, their moisture contents were high. The germination percentage, percentage of normal roots, field emergence and establishment of seedlings derived from okra seeds were also low. The study moreover showed high total seed-borne fungi infection. Health testing of the okra seeds revealed the presence of eight seed-borne fungi namely Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. and Curvularia sp. Seeds of Asante Aba variety showed good quality characteristics over seeds of Asontem. Seeds of the two varieties placed in airtight plastic containers stored better than seeds placed in insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Treatment of okra seeds with Dresscare and Senna siamea wood ash resulted in a lower incidence of seed-borne fungi and better seed quality characteristics. Treating okra seeds with Dresscare and Senna siamea wood ash and storing in airtight plastic containers is therefore recommended.
Adsorption performance of groundnut and sheanut shells biochars in ternary system of toxic metals
Authors: Duwiejuah A. B. , Abubakari A.-H. , Amadu Y.
Published: August 2023

The choice of biomass is influenced by its availability, potential characteristics such as abundance of functional groups and large surface area. This study explored the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solution using groundnut and sheanut shells biochars. Groundnut and sheanut shells biochars pyrolysed at 350 ± 5ºC and 700 ± 5°C and used to remove lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) in ternary systems. Initial toxic metal concentrations and residual concentrations after the biochars application were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The adsorption efficiency of groundnut and sheanut shells biochars pyrolysed at 350 ± 5ºC and 700 ± 5°C in the ternary system ranged from 81.28% to 100% for lead, cadmium ranged from 43.66% to 100% and mercury ranged from 96.38% to 100%. The higher removal rates of Pb, Cd and Hg by the biochars showed the pH solutions were favourable for the adsorption. Langmuir isotherm was the model that best fit the adsorption of toxic metal ions. Groundnut and sheanut shells biochars qualify as a feasible and economic option for toxic metals removal. Hence, studies should be conducted in real polluted water to ascertain the actual effectiveness of these biochar treatments.
Factors influencing the health seeking behaviour of persons who have diabetes in the Kumasi metropolis
Authors: Asante V. , Gariba B. B. , Appiah-Brempong E. , Sarpong H. L.
Published: August 2023

Inappropriate Health Seeking Behavior has been linked to worse health outcomes, increased morbidity and mortality rates and poorer health statistics of a country. This study therefore sought to identify the factors that influence the health seeking behavior of persons with diabetes in the Kumasi Metropolis. This study employed a cross-sectional study design and a quantitative approach. Convenience sampling method was used to select 120 participants. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data collected was analyzed using, frequency tables, multiple linear regression and chi square using STATA. About 79% of the participants were females with a majority belonging to the Akan ethnic group. The findings suggested that more than 80% of persons with diabetes in the Kumasi Metropolis are consumers of the Government healthcare facilities). Statistically significant values were recorded health-seeking behaviors at government health facilities and occupation (t = -2.74, p = 0.007) and also with age (t = -2.19, p = 0.03). The chi square analysis showed a relationship between Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and the usage of government healthcare facilities.
Awareness and Perception of certified librarians of Nigeria towards the use of robotic technologies in the libraries
Authors: Sambo Atanda Saliu , Oyovwe-Tinuoye Gloria
Published: August 2023

The study adopted the social survey technique and the population of the study comprised 452 certified librarians of Nigeria libraries that were certified by the Librarians’ Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN) on November, 24th, 2021. The librarians who took part in the survey were chosen using a random sampling method. One out of every three librarians being admitted on the day was given the questionnaire. The researcher used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0) application software with simple percentages chosen for easier analysis and interpretation. The findings of this study revealed that certified librarians are averagely aware of the existence of robotic technologies usage for library services and the anxiety of employee retrenchment is the major anxiety, despite they are aware that, the innovative apparatuses will increase global recognition and enhance library services. It shows that certified librarians are faced challenges towards the use of robotic technologies such as potential job loss, inadequate funding and epileptic among others. The study recommended that certified librarians should keep up with modern trends in information dissemination by learning fundamental skills that are technologically compatible among others.
Use of social media by students of Tamale Technical University
Authors: Wumbie Bawa Abdul-Majeed , Issah Dawuda , Issifu Issah
Published: August 2023

The study investigates use of social media by students of Tamale Technical University in Ghana, with faculties of Business (FoB) and Applied Science and Technology (FAST) selected for a case study. The objectives of the study include; types of social media platforms used by students, reasons for the use of social media by students, the level of exposure of students to social media sites. A sample size of 280 out of a population of 934 of third year 300 students were participated, out of which 272 (97.1%) of the questionnaire were retrieved. The findings ofthe study revealed that the most frequent use of social media tool by students of Tamale Technical University was WhatsApp. Entertainment and up-to-date information were found to be some of the reasons Tamale Technical University Students use social media. Correspondingly, the study revealed that students spent much time on social media which could affect the amount of time they spent studying. The study recommended that restriction of social media use during classes time. It also recommended students to allocate much time for their studies and use of social media for the right purposes, particularly academics.
Rhizoremediation of a Cadmium-polluted Soil using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Eleusine indica
Authors: Obuekwe I. S. , Ilechukwu O. E.
Published: August 2023

Rhizoremediation involves the use of plants and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for remediation of contaminated soil. This study evaluated the use of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Eleusine indica to remediate cadmium-polluted soil. Soil samples were collected around the roots of E. indica and PGPR were isolated and evaluated for their capacity for plant growth promotion. P. aeruginosa was selected for Cd remediation experiment which was based on treatments T1 (control soil), T2 (soil + cadmium), T3 (soil + plant + Cd + Pseudomonas applied 2x monthly) T4 (Soil + Plant + Cd + Pseudomonas applied once). T5 (soil + plant + Cd + Pseudomonas applied 1x monthly) T6 (soil + plant + Cd) and T7 (soil and plant). Cd concentration in soil treatments was equivalent to 8 mg/kg and treatments were monitored for 2 months. Bacterial count, physicochemical parameters, nutrient analyses, and Cd removal were subsequently evaluated. T3 had higher bacterial count and pH values (p < 0.05) relative to other treatments and this could be due to the inoculum addition. Conversely, reduction in electrical conductivity, organic carbon and organic matter observed in T3 could be attributed to improved rhizospheric activities. Again, rhizoremediation was highest (P < 0.05) in T3 (90 %) and this suggests P aeruginosa made bio-absorption of Cd easier for E. indica relative to treatments that do not have the inoculum.  This study showed that E. indica together with P. aeruginosa are suitable candidates for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soils.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions on Drivers of Land Degradation and its Impact on their Livelihoods in the Kuje Area Council of Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Abenu A. , Yusufu F. A. , Sahabo M. M.
Published: August 2023

Land degradation is a global problem that has adversely affected agriculture. The Guinea Savannah ecological zone is one of the regions experiencing large-scale land degradation in Nigeria. Because of the important role agriculture plays in the economy of Nigeria, this study therefore examines smallholder farmers’ perception of drivers of land degradation and its impact on their livelihoods in the Kuje Area Council of the  Federal Capital Territory, Abuja; an area within the Guinea savannah ecological zone. A survey of smallholder farmers was conducted and the instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. Most of the respondents perceived that overgrazing (96.7%), soil erosion (92.7%), bush burning (82.2%), continuous soil tillage (80.2%), sand mining (72.3%) and deforestation (63.2%) are responsible for land degradation in the area. The livelihoods of farmers are negatively impacted because land degradation has led to a reduction in land productivity; dependence on chemical fertilizers, which increases the cost of crop production;   and loss of farm labour.  To mitigate land degradation;  controlled grazing, afforestation and controlled sand mining should be encouraged; in addition to the provision of cheap alternative cooking energy by the government to help reduce the rate of deforestation.
Effects of Preparation Conditions on Surface Properties and Yields of Periwinkle Shell Activated Carbon
Authors: Oyedoh E. A. , Ekesiobi U. U.
Published: August 2023

This study explored the potential of periwinkle shells as precursor material for activated carbon preparation. The periwinkle shell was activated using the potassium hydroxide method. The periwinkle shell activated carbons prepared were characterized in terms of physico-chemical properties, functional groups, and yield and surface characteristics. The central composite design of response surface methodology was used for analysis and optimization of carbonization conditions of the periwinkle shell.  The carbonization conditions considered and their range of values are carbonization temperature of 300 to 700 and carbonization time of 30 to 180 mins. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of stretching vibration bands such as carbonate ion, aliphatic and heterocyclic N-H. The optimum conditions of the periwinkle shell carbonization carbon preparation are carbonization temperature of 536.38oC and carbonization time of 82.09 mins. These conditions gave maximum responses of PSBC’s yield percentage of 95.15%, surface area of 71.53 m2/g and porosity of 36.70. The R2 values obtained were very high for each response; 99.47%, 99.98% and 97.77% for PSBC’s yield, surface area and porosity respectively indicating that the results of experimental studies were in perfect agreement with those suggested from model. Periwinkle shells were found to be an efficient precursor material for activated carbon preparation with a very high yield as well as excellent surface characteristics.
Advancing Sustainability through Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Technologies: The Hydrogel Case Study
Authors: Pereira Eduardo G. , Fossa Alberto , Cerri Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino , Omotuyi Opeyemi , Hylton-Edwards Hannah , Dos Santos Edmilson Moutinho , Gallo Alexandre , Liaw Cylon , Toguedani Bruna
Published: August 2023

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) consists of several technologies that are capable of playing significant and diverse roles in the achievement of global energy and climate goals under the context of energy transition. It forms a relevant technological approach for capturing carbon and delivering a net zero energy system. Currently, CCUS projects are mainly taking place in developed countries, with some of them having specific promotion policies such as 45Q under IRA in the US. Several of the current CCUS activities take the form of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CCS have a value chain comprising the CO2 capture, compression and liquefaction, transportation (by pipeline or ships), and storage (e.g., underground in saline aquifer or depleted reservoirs). CCU shares some of the CCS value chain elements, except storage, as it consists of techniques and initiatives that convert captured emitted carbons into useful products. Hence, adopting a qualitative research methodology, this study explores the concept and relevancy of CCUS in achieving net zero emissions using hydrogel as a case study. This study aims for the implementation of a new CCUS value chain that involves products based on carbon sequestration in land-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR), leading to a high potential for mitigating carbon emissions. Consequently, CCUS is vital to attenuate the problems of climate change, as it plays a key role in decarbonizing and facing the challenge of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, in addition to providing a long-term alternative compatible with sustainable development. Based on its properties and characteristics, especially as a polymeric electrolyte with a high capacity for conducting physical separation, this study proposes hydrogel as a viable technique for the maximum capture of atmospheric carbon. Such captured carbon is then utilized for various applications or stored appropriately. This study concludes with a highlight of specific lessons learned in this regard, and the major challenges observed with this CCUS technique.
Decommissioning Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms: Is the Rigs-To-Reefs Program a More Sustainable Alternative?
Authors: Pereira Eduardo G. , Omotuyi Opeyemi , Koenck Aaron , Obani Pedi , Gopaulsingh Meagan , Mohammed Shaniah
Published: August 2023

One of the most conspicuous global challenges in the 21st century is global warming and climate change, attributable to long-term shifts in global temperatures and weather patterns due to persistent greenhouse gases emissions in the atmosphere. Fossil fuels production had been identified severally as a major culprit in the continous release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Hence, there have been agitations from various stakeholder groups including international organizations, national governments, civil societies, etc., seeking ways to address these challenges. These agitations have led to the evolution of the global energy transition agenda, whereby the world is making a shift from fossil fuels production and consumption to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources. Such energy transition implies that fossil fuels facilities, including oil and gas facilities, are fast approaching the end of their productive life. The question therefore is, what becomes of these facilities at the end of their productive life? This invariably calls for an increased attention to oil and gas decommissioning. This is because proper and sustainable decommissioning of oil and gas facilities is significant for environmental protection and sustainable development. Hence, this paper evaluates the various options available for oil and gas decommissioning so as to identify their adverse environmental impacts, and other challenges posed by their implementation. The paper further evaluates the emerging rigs-to-reefs program, and proposes this program as a more sustainable decommissioning option for oil and gas platforms.
Crisis communications at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic: A case study of the Ghanaian president’s fourth update on coronavirus
Authors: Koller Veronika
Published: August 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic was a testbed for crisis communication, leading to recommendations on how to meet communicative goals and several individual case studies. This paper contributes to the latter by engaging in a detailed three-level analysis of an early, pivotal address to the nation by Ghana’s president Nana Akufo-Addo. In terms of infection rates and deaths, Ghana has been much less severely impacted by the pandemic than other countries, making it worthwhile to look at the role of official communications. This study investigates how the president addressed the public at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, in what ways the linguistic features of his address reflected the specific political context, and what potential impact his language use had on the behaviour of the public. Findings show that linguistic and, to a lesser extent, visual elements represent the president as powerful, authoritative, but somewhat detached from the audience. However, this is balanced by direct appeals to the same audience, whose cooperation he seeks to win rather than enforce. This balance reflects the political and socio-cultural context of the text, as further evidenced by comments on the address on Akufo-Addo’s Facebook page.
Promoting Ghanaian languages: The role of telenovela series
Authors: Ussher Yvette Akuorkor Afowa , Ollennu Yvonne A. A.
Published: August 2023

Telenovelas have become an attractive form of entertainment for many Ghanaians largely because of the use of local Ghanaian languages as voice-overs during telecast. The question that arises is – Does the telecast of telenovelas in a local language play any role in the promotion of Ghanaian languages? Using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, we explored the role of Telenovelas with voice-overs in the promotion of Ghanaian languages among residents of some communities in Accra, Ghana; specifically, Lapaz, Osu and Gbawe Mallam communities, University students and market women. Findings show that due to low English literacy levels, voice-over telenovelas were preferred among residents in Lapaz community and the market women. A privately-owned television station, Max TV, emerged as the station with a wider audience due to its innovative broadcasting strategy of voice-over Telenovelas using the Ghanaian (Akan) language. Overall, the telenovelas appear to be promoting the Akan language by exposing viewers to lexical knowledge, facilitating the acquisition of new vocabulary items, and shaping children’s learning of Akan. This paper, therefore, unearths the significance of glocalization of telenovelas in the promotion of local languages in Ghana.
Effect of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl on severity of Fusarium wilt and fruit yield of two tomato cultivars
Authors: Imonmion J.E. , Popoola A R , Afolabi C.G. , Ganiyu S.A. , Uzoemeka I.P. , George J.
Published: August 2023

Tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) is one of the limiting factors to tomato production in the whole world because of its negative effect on the fruit yield of tomato. The study investigated the application of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM), a plant activator that stimulates plants’ defence mechanisms, at different concentrations (0, 25, 35 and 45 mg/L) on two tomato genotypes (Delila and Kerewa) using drenching method. Factorial experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and completely randomized design in both field and the screenhouse, respectively. Results showed that the application of ASM significantly reduced (p≤0.05) disease severity. At 9 weeks after transplanting Delila recorded severity scores of 3.00 and 3.33(screenhouse) and 0.33 (field) while Kerewa had severity scores of 1.33 and 1.50 (screenhouse) and 0.33 (field) when ASM was apllied at 35 and 45 mg/L concentrations, respectively. These values were significantly lower (p≤0.05) than those recorded in untreated plots. Delila yielded 151.23 and 151.73 kg/ha (screenhouse), and 754.70 and 795.8 kg/ha (field) while Kerewa yielded 109.60 and 124.03 kg/ha (screenhouse) and 601.10 and 279.8 kg/ha (field) when ASM was apllied at 35 and 45 mg/l concentrations, respectively. Yields in both screenhouse and the field were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than yields in the untreated control plots. The study concluded that application of ASM at 35 and 45 mg/L to tomato could enhance its resistance which would translate to fruit yield increase.
Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and preliminary phytochemical constituents of fermented seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum
Authors: Falana M.B. , Dikwa M.A. , Nurudeen Q.O.
Published: August 2023

Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) is among the earliest plants used as spices and medicine worldwide. This study determined the antioxidant activities of the fermented seeds of T. foenum-graecum by methods, ABTS 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The phytochemical compounds, pH, and in vitro agar well (antimicrobial) assay of the  sample was tested at three concentrations (100%, 50%, and 25%) against the selected pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella  typhi, and Escherichia coli) by agar well diffusion method. There was a pH decline from 5.6 (on day 1) to 3.53 (on day 7) and finally 3.38  (on day 14). The antioxidant property of the 14th-day fermented T. foenum-graecum revealed a free radical scavenging potential in  correspondence with the tested concentrations. Flavonoids, phenol, phytosterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and tannins were detected in the  samples fermented for 7 and 14 days, respectively. The zones of inhibition (in diameter) were in tune with the tested concentrations, and  this ranged between 6mm – 15mm on day 7 and 6mm-17mm on day 14 against the test pathogens. Hence, this study validates the  antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity of fermented seeds of T. foenumgraecum and supports its use as an herbal therapeutic agent  against diseases associated with the test pathogen.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Anthocleista djalonensis and Blighi unijugata
Authors: Mohammed R S , Abdulsalam M M , Kntapo F M
Published: August 2023

Anthocleista Djalonensis A Chev and Blighia unijugata Baker were collected and fractionated using petroleum ether, chloroform and ethylacetate. Spectroscopic quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out on the fractions and they were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and steroids while tannins were found in significant quantity. Cytotoxicity was carried out on the fractions the fractions and they were found to be active except AD-P, 41.0680/26.0345 µg/cm3 and AD-E, 41.0080/26.0345 µg/cm3 while BU-P was found to be the most active at 8.4095/15.0123 µg/cm3. Experimental animals were induced with diabetes using streptozotocin and treated with the active fractions, BU-C 250mg dosage was found to have reduced glucose sugar level from 21.68 ±1.54 mmol/l in the first week to 3.16 ±1.05b mmol/l while BU-C 500mg dosage was found to increase weight from 112.8 ±53.2mg to in the first week to 140.2 ±9.4bg in the second week of intervention. The presence of phytochemicals, non-toxicity and being able to reduce glucose sugar in experimental animals by Blighia unijugata Baker chloroform fraction of makes a potential plant for treatment of diabetes.
Fruit Extract of Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis (Jacq.)) Inhibits Uterine Contractility in Ex-Vivo Mouse Models
Authors: Odion E.E. , Bafor E.E. , Uchendu A.P. , George I.O. , Omoruyi O.
Published: August 2023

Background: Different parts of Elaeis guineensis (EG) plants are used ethno-medicinally for treating numerous illnesses including  abdominal contraction.

Objectives: Thus, this study evaluated the inhibitory potential of the fruit-extract of EG on the uterine contractility in ex-vivo mouse  models.

Material and Methods: The effect of EG extract on spontaneous uterine contractions, oxytocin (OT)-induced uterine contractions, high  potassium chloride induced uterine contractions and oxytocin-induced calcium free contraction were evaluated in adult non-pregnant  female albino mice.

Results: EG in a concentration dependent mode diminished spontaneous uterine contractions, while amplitude and frequency of  contractions were inhibited significantly, but the frequency of contraction was at the highest concentration of EG. EG also produced a  significant inhibition of the frequency of OT-induced contraction in calciumfree media.

Conclusion: The aqueous fruit extracts of EG inhibited uterine contraction in the uterus through inhibition of intracellular calcium stores.
Editorial
Authors: Nnaji Chidozie Charles
Published: August 2023

No abstract.