bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic-Assisted Electrochemical Milling of SLM-Printed Hastelloy X Based on Analysis of Material Passivation Characteristics
Authors: Guan Wenchao , Liu Yong , Shu Tong , Wang Kan
Published: December 2022

Hastelloy X (HX) is widely used in the aerospace field for its excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature mechanical properties that can be fabricated into complex structures directly by the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. However, SLM-printed (SLM-ed) HX with high strength and hardness is challenging to process using conventional manufacturing techniques and may result in machining flaws that don’t fulfill engineering standards. Therefore, an ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical milling (UAECM) method using a tube electrode is proposed to fabricate high aspect ratio structures on SLM-ed HX with high-quality. Firstly, the passivation characteristics of SLM-ed HX before and after solid solution treatment (SST) were investigated using polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Secondly, the electrochemical milling process and the electrode gap flow field were simulated. Then, the effect of processing parameters such as ultrasonic amplitude, electrical parameters, and mechanical parameters on the groove width and stability was investigated by the orthogonal and single factor experiments. Finally, the cavity and bump structures were machined by layered milling with an average groove width of 960 ± 15 μm, a groove depth of 4.4 mm, an aspect ratio of 4.5, and surface roughness of 1.524 μm and 1.622 μm, respectively, demonstrating the adaptability and machining accuracy of the UAECM method.
Electrocatalytic Performance of V2O5/Ti Composite Membrane for High-Efficiency Treatment of Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater
Authors: Wang Xuezhuang , Liu Shiwei , Xu Jiaxin , Zeng Jing , Yan Su , Li Jianxin , Liang Xiaoping
Published: December 2022

V2O5 films were deposited on Ti substrates to create V2O5/Ti composite membranes by using magnetron sputtering with V2O5 as the target. The effect of sputtering temperature (150 °C–450 °C) on the structure and performance of the V2O5/Ti composite membrane was mainly investigated. The results showed that V2O5 films prepared by magnetron sputtering were α-V2O5, exhibiting lamellar particulates with a rather dense structure. Additionally, V2O5 could enter the microporous structure inside Ti substrates while providing reactive centers and microchannels for the degradation of contaminants in electrocatalytic membrane reactor (ECMR). The strong diffraction peak in the XRD of 300-V2O5/Ti membranes indicated that the sputtering temperature of 300 °C was comparatively advantageous for the transformation of V2O5 crystal phase. The 300-V2O5/Ti also had a smaller interface impedance, larger electrochemical active area (1.45 cm2) as well as diffusion coefficient (7.14 × 10−3 cm2 s−1). The ECMR was built by using V2O5/Ti composite membrane and stainless steel mesh to be anode and cathode, respectively. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate of ECMR reached 93.68% with 300-V2O5/Ti as the anode, and the energy consumption was 0.35 kWh/kg (NH4
+-N). In conclusion, V2O5/Ti composite membrane has excellent potential for ammonia nitrogen effluent treatment.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Crystal Orientation Effect of the Anode on the Aluminum-Air Battery Performance
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Choi Seok-Ryul , Kim Jung-Gu
Published: December 2022

The electrochemical characteristics of aluminum (Al) anodes in Al-air battery according to crystal orientation were theoretically and experimentally evaluated to analyze this phenomenon in detail. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the open-circuit potential of the aluminum (111) plane and (100) plane in an alkaline solution. The theoretical values were obtained by DFT calculations when considering the surrounding environment and single-electron transfer. The open-circuit potentials calculated by DFT were similar to the measured potentials. These results indicate that the difference between the potential predicted by bulk thermodynamics and the potential obtained from the stepwise mechanism is related to the free energy asymmetry of the intermediate in the multi-electron transfer reaction and the chemical stabilization of the surrounding environment during the product formation. The crystal orientation affects the performance of Al-air battery by the above effects. Al (100) showed the highest output power depending on the orientation effect in the discharge test result and the I-P curve.
A Study on State of Charge Estimation Method for Lithium Carbon Fluorides Primary Batteries
Authors: Liu Wen , Fu Shiyi , Li Yong , Wan Bingxin , Wu Chao , Guo Rui , Pei Haijuan , Xie Jingying
Published: December 2022

Recently, lots of work has been focused on the state of charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion batteries. However, such little research has been on the SOC estimation of primary batteries. The non-rechargeable trait of primary batteries induces accurate, reliable and non-destructive SOC estimation one of the critical tasks for their application, especially for long time storage. In this work, three kinds of lithium carbon fluorides (Li/CF
x
) batteries (>3Ah) with different cathode material and design of batteries have been prepared, all of which can discharge at 1C. The energy density of the modified pouch cell with a capacity of 9Ah can reach 511 Wh kg−1 at 1C. Furthermore, four types of open circuit voltage (OCV) models (34 models) are employed to estimate the SOC of Li/CF
x
batteries for the first time. The OCV fitting error of polynomial models can be limited within ±0.05 V. And the corresponding SOC estimation results outperform other models, showing high accuracy. At last, the applicability of the proposed OCV based SOC estimation method are verified.
Comparative Study of Degradation Mechanisms of Commercial Supercapacitors at High Temperatures Depending on Storage Conditions
Authors: Kim Yong-eun , Jo Hajin , Kwon Jiwon , Kim Su-gyeong , Jung Cheolsoo
Published: December 2022

This study examined the electrochemical and physicochemical degradation of commercial supercapacitors (SCs) at elevated temperatures depending on their voltages. After being stored in the charged state (2.5 V), the capacitance decreased rapidly to 80 % of its initial capacitance, and the resistance at 1 kHz increased continuously to 2.5 times its initial resistance. After being stored in the discharged state (∼0 V), the capacitance was almost constant, but the resistance increased more than four times. In the charged state, oxidation products were deposited in the meso−/micropores of the positive electrode. They reduced the specific surface area of the positive electrode, which led to a rapid decrease in the capacitance and an increase in the resistance of SCs. In the discharged state, the supersaturation and precipitation of electrolyte salt hindered ion transport in the macro−/mesopores, increased the charge transfer resistance (Rct), and decreased the double−layer capacitance (Cdl). These phenomena were verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, in situ FT−IR for the electrolyte, N2 adsorption−desorption analysis, and FE−SEM image for each electrode. Finally, the SC with better performance and durability at high temperature was verified by applying organic solvent with a high boiling point but not so high dielectric constant.
Development of MnO2 Based Cathodes for Alkaline Batteries via Combinatorial Approach
Authors: Darıcıoğlu Necdet Özgür , Akbaş Yiğit , Öztürk Tayfur
Published: December 2022

A combinatorial study is carried out to develop new cathode compositions in alkaline Zn-MnO2 secondary batteries. MnO2 is modified with ternary additions using Bi2O3, Na0.7MnO2, and NiO. A library of thick film cathodes over a wide compositional range is synthesized via sputter deposition. Thick film cathodes are investigated both electrochemically and structurally. Structural studies show that thick film cathodes are largely amorphous in the as-deposited state but upon charge-discharge cycling, are crystallized into δ-MnO2, i.e. layered polymorph of MnO2. The thick film cathodes are evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge cycling. Two compositional regions are noted as significant in terms of useful cathodes for rechargeable batteries. Compositions rich in NiO yield quite a reliable cell performance which might be considered as cathode material for Zn-NiO batteries. More importantly, there was also a region where Mn and Na had similar proportions doped by Bi and Ni, e.g. Bi0.08Na0.39Ni0.09Mn0.44Ox, which might be made the basis for improved cathode for Zn-MnO2 batteries.
Tissue- and cell-specific properties of enterochromaffin cells affect the fate of tumorigenesis toward nonendocrine adenocarcinoma of the small intestine
Authors: Sei Yoshitatsu , Feng Jianying , Zhao Xilin , Dagur Pradeep , McCoy J. Philip , Merchant Juanita L. , Wank Stephen A.
Published: December 2022

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors are of putative enterochromaffin (EC) cell origin and are the most common malignancy in the small intestine, followed by adenocarcinoma. However, the tumorigenesis of these tumor types remains poorly understood. The present lineage tracing studies showed that tissue- and cell-specific properties of EC cells such as rapid cell turnover and homeostatic dedifferentiation affect the fate and rate of tumorigenesis induced by genetic alterations toward a rare occurrence of adenocarcinoma.
A New Method of Pedestrian Abnormal Behavior Detection Based on Attention Guidance
Authors: Huang Jingui , Li Jingyi , Wu Wenya
Published: December 2022

In public places, some behavior that violates public order and endangers public safety is defined as abnormal behavior. Moreover, it is a necessary auxiliary means to maintain public order and safety by detecting abnormal behavior in a large number of surveillance videos. However, due to the small proportion of abnormal behavior in video data, the extreme imbalance of data seriously restricts the effectiveness of detection. So, weakly supervised learning has become the most suitable and effective detection method. However, existing weakly supervised methods rarely take the locality and slightness of abnormal behavior into account and ignore the details of extracted features. Based on this, an attention-directed abnormal behavior detection model is proposed. In the two common prediction and reconstruction abnormal behavior detection methods based on weak supervision, suitable attention mechanisms are introduced, respectively, and two corresponding attention-directed networks are proposed. In addition, aiming at the problem of inaccurate thresholds for abnormal behavior division, the loss function of the model is improved and a new abnormal behavior evaluation method is proposed. Experiments were carried out on three classical datasets (the USCD Ped1, USCD Ped2, and CUHK Avenue dataset) for abnormal behavior detection. The best results for the area under the curve (AUC) indicator reached 82.7%, 94.5%, and 87.3%, respectively, which are better than many existing literature results.
IoT-Enabled Intelligent System for the Radiation Monitoring and Warning Approach
Authors: Saifullah Muhammad , Bajwa Imran Sarwar , Ibrahim Muhammad , Asghar Mutyyba
Published: December 2022

Radiations are especially harmful to children and infants as their body cells divide rapidly, thus providing radiations more chances to interfere with the organs, leading to a number of diseases, especially those related to the skin. Therefore, the demand for a system that can detect harmful radiations timely and effectively becomes high. Many new and modern techniques comprising radiation protection and alerting systems are being introduced along with improvements and enhancements. This study demonstrates the practical implementation of an IoT-enabled intelligent system based on machine learning for radiation monitoring and warning by classifying radiations and their corresponding effects on infants. The proposed system alerts humans about the danger zones with audio/visual announcements or a buzz so that they can move to a safer place. Along with this automatic sensor system, a real-time dataset is also collected, in which sensor values are recorded along with their effects on infants for experiments. Additionally, the outcomes of the effect of radiations corresponding to the recorded sensor values are classified by using support vector machines, Gaussian naïve Bayes, decision trees, extra trees, bagging classifiers, random forests, logistic regression, and adaptive boosting classifiers. The experiment reveals that the adaptive boosting classifier gives the best accuracy of 81.77% compared to other classifiers.
A Comparative Study of Pectin Green Extraction Methods from Apple Waste: Characterization and Functional Properties
Authors: Mahmoud Marwa Hanafy , Abu-Salem Ferial Mohamed , Azab Dina El-Sayed Helmy
Published: December 2022

Traditional methods of pectin extraction led to drop quality, yield, functional properties, and excessive time. The objective of our research is to produce high-quality pectin from apple pomace as food processing by-product. Four nonconventional methods of extraction (microwave, ultrasound, citric acid, and organic acid mixture (citric acid, ascorbic acid, and acetic acid)) were compared to conventional extraction of pectin in terms of yields, thermal behavior, functional groups, antioxidant activity, and functional properties. Citric acid extraction method gave the highest yield (22%) compared to other methods. The extraction of pectin by organic acid mixture maximized the galacturonic acid index to 87.58%;. Also, it was changed from structural into: compacted, multilaminated, and flaky surface compared to the other samples (more porous and hollow opening structural) as well as increased stability of pectin particles in colloids as a result of increasing the charge on particles to -59.42, beside its higher thermal stability of pectin behaviors, which reflected on improving all functional properties compared to the other methods. On the other side, microwave-extracted pectin had the highest antioxidant activity (3-4 times) compared to other extraction methods. In conclusion, extraction using organic acids, microwave, and ultrasonic led to improve the pectin quality and could be used in high-temperature food products, like bakery products.
A Novel Damage Detection Method of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Signal Processing and Extracted Near-Fault Fling-Step Pulses
Authors: Ezzodin Amir , Ghodrati Amiri Gholamreza , Naderpour Hosein , Raissi Dehkordi Morteza
Published: December 2022

A new model-free output-only signal processing-based damage detection procedure was carried out in this paper. First of all, a finite element model as the representative of reinforced concrete (RC) frames was constructed and subjected to a specific loading protocol in OpenSees. The protocol consisted of 9 consequent different near-fault fling-step pulse-type earthquake records with low-amplitude white noises among them to simulate the collapse procedure. The analysis process was complemented in three levels: (a) the Fourier transform was utilized to extract the vibration frequency, (b) the time instants of damage occurrence were detected by using the discrete wavelet transform, and (c) accurate damage detection was made by using the extracted pulse components of the records as loading protocol for earthquake simulation and the discrete wavelet transform. The results revealed that the proposed combinatorial method could efficiently diagnose the damage in the RC frames. Also, applying a pulse component instead of an original record increases the accuracy of damage detection by 70%.
Female Risk Factors for Post-Infarction Depression and Anxiety: Trial Design
Authors: Liblik Kiera , Hu Ricky , Mensour Emma A. , Foldes-Busque Guillaume , Sedlak Tara , Udell Jacob , Mulvagh Sharon L. , Johri Amer M.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Female patients are at elevated risk for adverse mental health outcomes following hospital admission for ischemic heart disease. These psychosocial characteristics are correlated with unacceptably higher rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Guidelines to address mental health following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can only be developed with the aid of studies elucidating which subgroups of female patients are at the highest risk. Methods/Design: The Female Risk factors for post-Infarction Depression and Anxiety (FRIDA) Study is a prospective multicenter questionnaire-based study of female participants admitted to hospital with ACS. Data are collected within 72 h of admission as well as at 3 and 6 months. At baseline, participants complete a sociodemographic questionnaire, social support survey, and Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale (HADS). Follow-up will consist of a demographic questionnaire, HADS, changes to health status, and quality of life indicators. Statistical analysis will include descriptive and inferential methods to observe baseline distributions and significance between groups. Discussion/Conclusion: Our primary outcome is to determine if specific CV and sociodemographic factors correlate with increased depression and anxiety scores (HADS-D >7; HADS-A >7) at baseline. Our secondary aim is to determine if increased HADS scores at baseline and follow-up correlate with 3 and 6-month health and quality of life outcomes. A total of 2,000 patients will be enrolled across seven study sites. The aim of the FRIDA Study is to understand which groups of female patients have the highest rates of depression and anxiety following ACS to better inform care.
Neurochemical Profile of BRAFV600E/AktT308D/S473D Mouse Gangliogliomas Reveals Impaired GABAergic System Inhibition
Authors: Kyriazi Maria , Müller Philipp , Pitsch Julika , van Loo Karen M.J. , Quatraccioni Anne , Opitz Thoralf , Schoch Susanne , Becker Albert J. , Cases-Cunillera Silvia
Published: December 2022

Gangliogliomas (GGs), composed of dysmorphic neurons and neoplastic astroglia, represent the most frequent tumor entity associated with chronic recurrent epileptic seizures. So far, a systematic analysis of potential differences in neurochemical profiles of dysmorphic tumoral neurons as well as neurons of the peritumoral microenvironment (PTME) was hampered by the inability to unequivocally differentiate between the distinct neuronal components in human GG biopsies. Here, we have applied a novel GG mouse model that allows to clearly resolve the neurochemical profiles of GG-intrinsic versus PTME neurons. For this purpose, glioneuronal tumors in mice were induced by intraventricular in utero electroporation (IUE) of piggyBac-based plasmids for BRAFV600E and activated Akt (AktT308D/S473D, further referred to as AktDD) and analyzed neurochemically by immunocytochemistry against specific marker proteins. IUE of BRAFV600E/AktDD in mice resulted in tumors with the morphological features of human GGs. Our immunocytochemical analysis revealed a strong reduction of GABAARα1 immunoreactivity in the tumor compared to the PTME. In contrast, the extent of NMDAR1 immunoreactivity in the tumor appeared comparable to the PTME. Interestingly, tumor cells maintained the potential to express both receptors. Fittingly, the abundance of the presynaptic vesicular neurotransmitter transporters VGLUT1 and VGAT was also decreased in the tumor. Additionally, the fraction of parvalbumin and somatostatin nonneoplastic interneurons was reduced. In conclusion, changes in the levels of key proteins in neurotransmitter signaling suggest a loss of synapses and may thereby lead to neuronal network alterations in mouse GGs.
Once Monthly Elotuzumab and Lenalidomide Plus Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter Observation Study
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhito , Matsumoto Morio , Hiramatsu Yasushi , Takezako Naoki , Tamai Yotaro , Suzuki Kenshi
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Elotuzumab and lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (ERd) is a standard salvage chemotherapy for multiple myeloma, and elotuzumab is commonly administered every 2 weeks after cycle 3 (conventional ERd). Alternatively, elotuzumab may often be used every 4 weeks (monthly ERd) in real-world practice. The purpose of this multicenter observational study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of monthly ERd. Methods: We investigated the efficacy and tolerability between conventional and monthly ERd regimens for the myeloma patients in six institutes retrospectively. Results: Seventy-five patients were included in this study. The median patient age was 68 years. The median number of prior chemotherapies was two (1–5). The number of patients with prior lenalidomide exposure was 57 (76.0%). The numbers of progressive disease (PD) and non-PD before ERd were 23 (30.7%) and 52 (69.3%), respectively. The frequency of PD before ERd was significantly lower in the monthly ERd group than in the conventional ERd group. In 26.9 months of median follow-up period, the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate in the monthly ERd group was significantly longer than that in the conventional ERd group (95.0% and 62.0%, hazard ratio 0.082, p = 0.002). However, no significant difference in PFS between these two ERd groups was found using multivariate analysis. The complete response rates were similar between the monthly and conventional ERd groups (55.0% and 32.7%, p = 0.109). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the monthly and conventional ERd groups (35.0% and 54.5%, p = 0.192). There was no significant difference in the kinetics of the mean absolute lymphocyte count, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD56, and CD57 positive lymphocyte counts, and CD4 to CD8 ratio between the monthly and conventional ERd groups. Discussion: The efficacy and tolerability of monthly ERd were similar to those of conventional ERd. Thus, monthly ERd might be a reasonable option, considering the quality of life of patients and convenience.
Fundamental Frequency Contour (Melody) of Infant Vocalizations across the First Year
Authors: Kottmann Tabea , Wanner Maren , Wermke Kathleen
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The fundamental frequency contour (melody) of cry and non-cry utterances becomes more complex with age. However, there is a lack of longitudinal analyses of melody development during the first year of life. Objective: The aim of the study was to longitudinally analyze melody development in typical vocalization types across the first 12 months of life. The aim was twofold: (1) to answer the question whether melody becomes more complex in all vocalization types with age and (2) to characterize complex patterns in more detail. Methods: Repeatedly recorded vocalizations (n = 10,988) of 10 healthy infants (6 female) over their first year of life were analyzed using frequency spectrograms and fundamental frequency (f0) analyses (PRAAT). Melody complexity analysis was performed using specific in-lab software (CDAP, pw-project) in a final subset of 9,237 utterances that contained noise-free, undisturbed contours. Generalized mixed linear models were used to analyze age and vocalization type effects on melody complexity. Results: The vocalization repertoire showed a higher proportion of complex melodies from the second month onward. The age effect was significant, but no difference was found in melody complexity between cry and non-cry vocalizations across the first 6 months. From month 7–12, there was a further significant increase in complex structures only in canonical babbling not in marginal babbling. Melody segmentations by laryngeal constrictions prevailed among complex shapes. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the regularity of melody development in different vocalization types throughout the first year of life. In terms of prosodic features of infant sounds, melody contour is of primary importance, and further studies are required that also include infants at risk for language development.
Association of Multi-Dimensional Factors with Accelerating Age and Constructing a Healthy Lifestyle Index: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Liang Xue , Zhang Wei Sen , Jin Ya Li , Jiang Chao Qiang , Zhu Feng , Cheng Kar Keung , Lam Tai Hing , Xu Lin
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Ageing process is influenced by multi-dimensional factors collectively. Previous studies examined association of one separate factor with mortality without considering different manifestations of ageing process. We investigated associations of multi-dimensional factors with accelerating age (AA), a proxy to quantify ageing, in older Chinese. Methods: 9,831 participants from Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study were included. Four exposure domains of 15 variables including demographic and socio-economic factors, lifestyle factors, stress across the life course, and common diseases were assessed. AA was calculated based on chronological age and eight biomarkers. Traditional multivariable linear and Bayesian Network (BN) models were used. Results: In both traditional and BN models, male sex, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, greater waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with higher AA, with the adjusted β (95% confidence intervals) being 2.75 (2.40–3.09), 1.31 (0.87–1.76), 1.35 (0.55–2.15), 0.64 (0.40–0.88), 0.09 (0.06–0.11), and 0.13 (0.07–0.19) years, respectively. A Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) was constructed including the above lifestyle factors (non-smoking, non-alcohol use, physically active, non-central, and non-general obesity) with a point assigned for each. A higher index indicates healthier lifestyle. Compared with participants with an HLI of 5, those with an HLI of 0–2 had 2.90 (2.48–3.32) years older AA. Conclusions: Male sex, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, greater waist circumference, and BMI were associated with higher AA by 0.09–2.75 years, suggesting that adopting a healthy lifestyle may alleviate process of phenotypic ageing.
Going Concern Audit Opinion Reviewed from The Company's Financial Condition, Audit Tenure, and Audit Opinion in the Previous Year
Authors: Olimsar Fredy
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the company's financial condition, audit tenure, and previous year's audit opinion on acceptance of the Going concern audit. This study's sample consists of transportation sector companies listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2020. Purposive sampling was used in this study, and a total of 112 data were obtained from as many as 28 companies. Logistic regression analysis was used to test hypotheses using SPSS 25 software. The findings revealed that the Company's Financial Condition, Tenure Audit, and previous year's audit Opinion all had an impact on Going Concern audit acceptance. The acceptance of the Going concern audit opinion was influenced in part by the company's financial condition and the previous year's audit opinion. While the Tenure Audit has a minor impact on the acceptance of the Going Concern audit opinion.
Watú não está morto!
Authors: Andrade Fabrício Reiner de
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as obras de 11 artistas brasileiros contemporâneos que fizeram parte da mostra Watú não está morto!, apresentada no IEB/USP em 2022, na qual foram abordadas questões gerais da atualidade, a exemplo de gênero e de raça, a destruição das florestas e de seus povos, a crescente dependência do indivíduo contemporâneo em relação à tecnologia, além do lugar do Brasil no plano global de desenvolvimento. Não obstante esse panorama, foram também discutidos temas como apagamento da produção intelectual de mulheres, negros, lgbtqiapn+, indígenas e periféricos. A exposição, assim como o artigo, visa demonstrar, a partir da diversidade de posições, lugares de origem e afirmações de gênero não binário, como o Brasil está permanentemente em xeque por conta da violência, da injustiça social, do apagamento da memória coletiva, da destruição da natureza e do cerceamento da maioria do povo às riquezas tão prometidas pelos mandatários de todos os tempos.
Uma releitura do “Brasil colonial” a partir da obra de António Manuel Hespanha
Authors: Fragoso João , Bicalho Maria Fernanda
Published: December 2022

O intuito do presente artigo é ressaltar o mérito e a abrangência da influência da obra de António Manuel Hespanha no sentido da ruptura de uma abordagem clássica da historiografia brasileira sobre o período colonial, ou seja, do estabelecimento de um novo paradigma historiográfico por meio da operacionalização de novas categorias e conceitos. Na segunda parte, iniciamos com um rápido balanço da atual discussão historiográfica sobre Estados e monarquias na Europa moderna. Com isso, pretendemos contribuir para a discussão da historiografia sobre a sociedade dos trópicos entendida como parte da monarquia pluricontinental portuguesa.
Espaço político e organização do poder no Antigo Regime em Portugal
Authors: Subtil José
Published: December 2022

Entre a Restauração (1640) e as invasões francesas (1807), a organização da centralidade do poder régio conheceu dois períodos muito diferentes que corresponderam a duas modalidades de organização do espaço político e do exercício do poder. À sociedade de corte, que alimentou o culto da monarquia e da autoridade régia, seguir-se-á o Estado de Polícia cuja cornucópia do bem-estar e da felicidade da população se focou, essencialmente, na sociedade e na política. Quanto ao poder periférico, o reformismo iluminista ensaiou, de forma inovadora, o processo de desconstrução da rede organizativa corporativa, mas seria o Estado Liberal a concretizar esse objetivo.
Examination of Sexual Identity Differences in the Prevalence of Hypertension and Antihypertensive Medication Use Among US Adults: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Sharma Yashika , Bhargava Anisha , Doan Danny , Caceres Billy A.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Recent evidence suggests that sexual minority (eg, gay/lesbian, bisexual) adults might be at increased risk of hypertension compared with heterosexual adults. However, disparities by sexual identity in antihypertensive medication use among adults with hypertension have not been comprehensively examined.

Methods:

We analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2015–2019), to examine sexual identity differences in the prevalence of hypertension and antihypertensive medication use among adults. We ran sex-stratified logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios of diagnosis of hypertension and antihypertensive medication use among sexual minority (ie, gay/lesbian, bisexual, and other) and heterosexual adults (reference group).

Results:

The sample included 420 340 participants with a mean age of 49.7 (±17.0) years, of which 66.7% were Non-Hispanic White. Compared with heterosexual participants of the same sex, bisexual women (adjusted odds ratio, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.03–1.37]) and gay men (adjusted odds ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.03–1.35]) were more likely to report having been diagnosed with hypertension. Among women with diagnosed hypertension, bisexual women had lower odds of current antihypertensive medication use (adjusted odds ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.56–0.90]). Among men with diagnosed hypertension, gay men were more likely than heterosexual men to report current antihypertensive medication use (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.10–1.78]). Compared with heterosexual participants of the same sex, there were no differences in hypertension or antihypertensive medication use among lesbian women, bisexual men, and participants who reported their sexual identity as other.

Conclusions:

Clinical and public health interventions are needed to reduce the risk of hypertension among bisexual women and gay men. Bisexual women were at higher risk of untreated hypertension, which may be attributed to lower health care utilization due to fear of discrimination from health care providers and socioeconomic disadvantage. Future research is needed to better understand factors that may contribute to untreated hypertension among bisexual women with hypertension.
Decision for tPA Administration, Not Response Time, Contributes Most to Variation in Thrombolysis Times Onboard Mobile Stroke Unit
Authors: Akkipeddi Sajal Medha K. , Ellens Nathaniel R. , Schartz Derrek , Rahmani Redi , Burgett Jason L. , Proper Diana , Pilcher Webster H. , Kelly Adam G. , Benesch Curt G. , Cushman Jeremy T. , Mattingly Thomas K. , Bhalla Tarun , Bender Matthew T.
Published: December 2022

Background

Hospitals have improved stroke thrombolysis times through rigorous assessment of care delays. However, this same rigor has not yet been applied to the novel setting of mobile stroke units (MSUs).

Methods

We reviewed all cases of intravenous tPA (tissue‐type plasminogen activator) administration onboard our MSU in Rochester, NY, since its first complete year of operation in 2019. The dispatch timeline was divided into 6 intervals: (1) response time, (2) onboarding time, (3) head computed tomography collection, (4) head computed tomography reading, (5) decision time, and (6) intravenous tPA administration.

Results

The mean±SD total time between MSU dispatch and tPA was 42±8.4 minutes (range, 26–60 minutes; N=53). The largest mean duration was in (1), between dispatch and arrival (12.0±4.7 minutes). However, the intercase variation was greatest in (5), between head computed tomography reading and treatment decision (6.3±6.2 minutes). After ranking cases by total time, the mean decision times of first and fourth quartile cases varied the most, by a factor of 2.45, whereas the mean times for the other intervals varied by <1.50. Decision time was the interval most closely correlated with the mean total time (Spearman ρ=0.46;
P
=0.00051), which significantly decreased from 2019 to 2020 (Mann‐Whitney, Z=2.38;
P
=0.02). Decision time was negatively correlated with time since inception of the MSU (Spearman ρ=−0.29;
P
=0.037; Figure 2B), suggesting that decision time drove both variations and improvements in overall thrombolysis time.

Conclusions

The primary driver of variation in total time from emergency alert to tPA administration is provider decision time in our MSU program in Rochester, NY. This observation should be investigated in other settings but may ultimately inform MSU training and staffing to optimize MSU treatment timelines.
From Word Types to Tokens and Back: A Survey of Approaches to Word Meaning Representation and Interpretation
Authors: Apidianaki Marianna
Published: December 2022

Vector-based word representation paradigms situate lexical meaning at different levels of abstraction. Distributional and static embedding models generate a single vector per word type, which is an aggregate across the instances of the word in a corpus. Contextual language models, on the contrary, directly capture the meaning of individual word instances. The goal of this survey is to provide an overview of word meaning representation methods, and of the strategies that have been proposed for improving the quality of the generated vectors. These often involve injecting external knowledge about lexical semantic relationships, or refining the vectors to describe different senses. The survey also covers recent approaches for obtaining word type-level representations from token-level ones, and for combining static and contextualized representations. Special focus is given to probing and interpretation studies aimed at discovering the lexical semantic knowledge that is encoded in contextualized representations. The challenges posed by this exploration have motivated the interest towards static embedding derivation from contextualized embeddings, and for methods aimed at improving the similarity estimates that can be drawn from the space of contextual language models.
Picturing the Tetragrammaton: Moses Cordovero’s Pardes Rimonim from Manuscript to Digital Form
Authors: Matanky Eugene D.
Published: December 2022

This article explores the transformation of the divine word/image—the graphic representation of the Tetragrammaton—that originated in the work of Joseph Hamadan, a thirteenth-century kabbalist, and was incorporated into the work of Moses Cordovero, a sixteenth-century kabbalist. The issue of the divine word/image is an intersection of various theological positions found in kabbalistic thought concerning the corporeality of the divine through the medium of the word. However, alongside the theological positions are technological capabilities. This article demonstrates how various actors—kabbalists, copyists, printers, and even modern-day digital pirates—changed this word/image, intentionally and unintentionally, through their application of their technical skills and technological abilities. This article also raises a methodological point concerning the study of image-laden Jewish texts in our digital age.
“Perhaps The Oldest Piece of Ecclesiastical Furniture in this Country”: The Construction and Destruction of Solomon Schechter’s Cairo Genizah Torah Ark
Authors: Selis David
Published: December 2022

In 1897, Solomon Schechter brought a hoard of Hebrew manuscripts, now known collectively as the Cairo Genizah, to England from Cairo. Along with these manuscripts were several wooden Hebrew inscription fragments from Cairo’s Ben Ezra Synagogue. When Schechter left Cambridge to assume the presidency of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, these fragments were brought to New York where they were transformed into a Torah Ark. This Torah ark was used at the Seminary for three decades and subsequently exhibited at the Jewish Museum, New York and The Metropolitan Museum of Art. It was featured on numerous postcards and in major works on Jewish art. In 1997, it was deconstructed by the Jewish Museum to extract the medieval inscriptions. This article explores the history, meaning and reception of the Schechter Torah Ark as a window into the complexities of Schechter’s legacy and the history of Jewish scholarship in the twentieth century.
Putting the cart before the horse: SeqCode’s attempt to solve systematics issues with changes to nomenclature
Authors: MARINOV MILEN , FITZHUGH KIRK , REIS ROBERTO E. , ENGEL MICHAEL S.
Published: December 2022

This opinion paper examines the recent proposal for a new nomenclatural code for prokaryotes (SeqCode). It addresses four problematic issues: (1) epistemological—failure of the SeqCode to acknowledge taxa as explanatory hypotheses, (2) conceptual—designating as a name-bearer a coded section of the genome of an organism, (3) operational—changing nomenclatural procedure as a means of resolving systematic challenges, and (4) political (policy)—SeqCode developed independent in opposition to the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP). Each of these matters should be alarms to the scientific community as the SeqCode proposal embodies many potentially negative consequences that would dramatically hinder systematics (science) and nomenclature (a tool in science) in other groups of organisms, e.g., animals, plants, fungi, if analogous proposals were sought.
A new species of Lactarius sect. Uvidi (Russulaceae) from India
Authors: BERA ISHIKA , DAS KANAD , DATTA BEJOYSEKHAR
Published: December 2022

Macrofungal explorations of different temperate forests in the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh, India, were undertaken. Thorough examination of these collections revealed a new member of Lactarius sect. Uvidi. We present Lactarius indoviolaceus sp. nov. with illustrated macro- and micro-description, phylogenetic analysis, and comparison with similar morphological, and genetically related species.
Biternatisporites gen. nov.—a new megaspore genus from the Middle-Carboniferous sediments of the Tunguska basin (Siberian platform, Russia)
Authors: MASHCHUK IRINA M. , FROLOV АNDREY O.
Published: December 2022

The paper presents a new genus, Biternatisporites gen. nov., which is represented by a single species, B. compositus comb. nov.. This genus was found in the Middle Carboniferous sediments (Bashkirian age) of the Tunguska Basin, Russia. A description of the sediments where the new genus was found is given. The area of Biternatisporites gen. nov. represents a double ray system: large rays reach the edge of the megaspore, and small rays go beyond the corners of large rays. The new genus belongs to the first ecological and morphological type of megaspores, in terms of evolutionary development. This type is characterized by a simple morphological structure of the shell, consisting of the distal and proximal sides. On the proximal side there is an area bearing a tetrad scar and rare sculptural elements.
Taking Aging Parents on Holiday: A Social Practice Perspective
Authors: Yi Liusu , Tong Yixuan , Wu Mao-Ying , Fu Xiaoxiao
Published: December 2022

Family travel with aging parents has emerged as a growing market in China. This study applies social practice theory to examine family travel practices and related sociocultural factors. Qualitative interviews with 23 families were conducted to identify parents’ and adult children’s subjective experiences of intergenerational differences and action logics throughout the trip. The findings reveal that, because of urban-rural distinctions, the two generations have differing travel habits, preferences, and capabilities, which foster interdependency but also induce tensions. Influenced by reciprocal filial piety, both generations feel obligated to make compromises and gratify the other’s needs to fulfill their desirable prospects of family travel. The urban-rural distinctions are gradually resolved as the ongoing negotiations unfold. This study advances existing research by integrating the zooming-in and zooming-out lenses of practice theory to highlight the interplay between family travel practices and wider social structures.
Escalation from intra-aortic balloon pump to axillary impella 5.5 support: Staged removal of the femoral access
Authors: Sosa Carlos Vazquez , Ohira Suguru , Ahmad Hasan , Isath Ameesh , De La Pena Corazon , Spielvogel David , Kai Masashi
Published: December 2022

Background: With the growing population of advanced heart failure, the use of Impella 5.5 has been increasing. Here, we report an effective strategy of removing the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in the setting of escalation of support to Impella 5.5.

Results: From January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022, a total of 6 patients have undergone IABP removal during Impella 5.5 insertion. The IABP was subsequently removed over the long wire with manual compression on the femoral artery to control bleeding. An 8 or 9 Fr short sheath is inserted over the wire. Staged hemostasis was successfully performed in 4 patients, and the remaining two patients required escalation of support to veno-arterial membrane oxygenation as EC-PELLA utilizing the femoral arterial sheath.

Conclusion: This does not only achieve secured hemostasis but also enables a smooth transition to further escalate support such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, if necessary.
Correlation between residual stress and geometric tolerances in ultrasonic assisted turning
Authors: Bayat Masuod , Amini Saeid
Published: December 2022

High accuracy in production parts and manufacturing quality are the requirements of production. Residual stress affects the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of manufactured parts. Production of parts with geometric tolerance, optimal residual stress, and suitable surface quality is always required by manufacturing industries. When machining parts, tensile residual stresses are created in them, which is one of the main reasons for the loss of geometric tolerances and distortion in the workpiece. This study investigated the effect of the ultrasonic-assisted vibration compared with conventional machining in various conditions of a 2024 aluminum workpiece on the surface quality, runout, straightness, and tensile residual stresses. In this article, the effects of geometric tolerance parameters, tensile residual stress, and surface roughness have been investigated simultaneously. A total of 18 experiments in different cutting speeds and feed rates in two machining states of conventional and ultrasonic vibration states were performed. The results showed that ultrasonic vibrations could be used to achieve 31% lower run out and 36% lower straightness in the parts. Also, the values of tensile residual stress in the ultrasonic vibration machining were 11% lower compared to conventional machining. Ultrasonic vibrations can also be used in most cases to achieve better surface quality, tolerance, and tensile residual stress according to machining parameters compared to conventional machining. The experimental results show that ultrasonic-assisted turning is a reliable method for machining, which can obtain lower tensile residual stress and improve the machined surface integrity and better tolerances.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties and machinability of chromium and molybdenum-added powder metallurgy steels
Authors: Vassouf Abdul Rahman , Akgün Mahir , Erden Mehmet Akif
Published: December 2022

The present study focuses on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and machining aspects of powder metallurgy (PM) steel containing different rates of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo). PM steel alloys were pressed at 700 MPa and sintered at 1400°C in a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere for 1 hour. While the precipitates and fracture surfaces of the samples obtained were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EDS analyzes, the grain size and phase distributions were also examined with an optical microscope. Moreover, tensile and hardness measurement tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the samples with different ratios of Cr and Mo content. The milling experiments were also performed without using coolant in a CNC milling machine at different cutting parameters. The surface roughness (Ra), tool wear (Vb), and wear mechanism were investigated under these conditions. The outcomes of this study reveal that the yield and tensile strength values of the samples with the addition of Cr and Mo increased but the elongation value decreased. The results also stated that the most effective process parameter for both Vb and Ra was the workpiece material and the regression models developed to estimate the output parameters (Vb and Ra) give successful results with high determination coefficients (R2) of 98.05% and 98.11%, respectively.
Can a federal minimum wage alleviate poverty and income inequality? Ex-post and simulation evidence from Germany
Authors: Backhaus Teresa , Müller Kai-Uwe
Published: December 2022

Minimum wages are increasingly discussed as an instrument against (in-work) poverty and income inequality in Europe. Just recently the German government opted for a substantial ad-hoc increase of the minimum-wage level to €12 per hour mentioning poverty prevention as an explicit goal. We use the introduction of the federal minimum wage in Germany in 2015 to study its redistributive impact on disposable household incomes. Based on the German Socio-Economic Panel we analyse changes in poverty and income inequality investigating different mechanisms of the transmission from individual gross wage-rates to disposable household incomes. We find that the minimum wage is an inadequate tool for income redistribution because it does not target poor households. Individuals affected by the minimum wage are not primarily in households at the bottom of the income distribution but are spread across it. Consequently, welfare dependence decreases only marginally. The withdrawal of transfers or employment effects cannot explain the limited effect on poverty. Complementary simulations show that neither full compliance nor a markedly higher level of €12 per hour can render the minimum wage more effective in reducing poverty.