bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapy treatment of stimulant use disorder
Authors: Liu Mei T.
Published: November 2021

Stimulant use disorder (SUD) is a public health problem in the United States that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management, are the main treatment modality for SUDs and no pharmacotherapy is currently FDA approved for this indication. Although some medications show promising data for the treatment of SUD, the evidence remains inconsistent, and the clinical application is limited due to the heterogenicity of the population and the lack of studies in patients with various comorbidities. Selection of pharmacotherapy treatment for methamphetamine intoxication, persistent methamphetamine-associated psychosis with methamphetamine use disorder, and cocaine use disorder in patients with co-occurring OUD are discussed in 3 patient cases.
Factors influencing performance on the Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist Examination: Passing rates and domain-level scores
Authors: Muckle Timothy J. , Dopheide Julie , Gable Kelly , Meng Yu , Johnson Samuel G. , Ellis William
Published: November 2021

The Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist (BCPP) specialty certification was launched by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties in 1994. Candidates for the BCPP can qualify for the examination through 3 possible pathways: practice experience (4 years) in the specialty, completion of a PGY-1 residency plus an additional 2 years of practice experience, or completion of a PGY-2 specialty residency in psychiatric pharmacy. Recent fluctuations in the passing rate raised questions as to explanatory factors. This article represents the first published comprehensive study of candidate performance on the BCPP Examination. It describes a retrospective, observational study presenting (a) statistical trends of examination passing rates for biannual cohorts over the past 5 years, as well as (b) score distributions on the 3 performance domains of the certification. Pass-rate trend analyses suggest that variation in the proportion of eligibility pathway cohorts in the respective testing samples explains some of the fluctuation in passing rates. An analysis of variance of domain-level scores, using groups defined by eligibility pathway, yielded significant differences for nearly all group comparisons. Evaluation of the effect sizes suggest that the most disparate performance was observed on the core clinical domain, Patient-Centered Care. The results of this study are consistent with previously published research and will inform the upcoming role delineation study for the Psychiatric Pharmacy Certification.
Microdose induction of buprenorphine-naloxone in a patient using high dose methadone: A case report
Authors: Menard Shannon , Jhawar Archana
Published: November 2021

Background

Buprenorphine is a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist approved for the treatment of opioid dependence. The risk of withdrawal symptoms and wait time required to safely initiate buprenorphine provides challenges to both patients and providers. Microdose induction is proposed as a possible solution to ease the transition to buprenorphine; however, little data has been published to date on patients stabilized on methadone doses greater than 100 mg.

Case Report

A 29-year-old patient stabilized on methadone 105 mg was successfully transitioned to sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone using a 7-day microdose protocol on an inpatient psychiatric service. During the transition, the patient reported only minimal symptoms.

Conclusion

This report adds to the growing literature supporting the use of a microdose induction to initiate buprenorphine-naloxone. Additionally, this approach may be significant for patients stabilized on high doses of methadone who may not be able to tolerate a traditional buprenorphine induction.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation–associated mania with psychosis: A case report
Authors: Knox Erin D. , Bota Robert G.
Published: November 2021

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive procedure used in the treatment of depression. We observed TMS-associated mania with psychotic symptoms in a 55-year-old male diagnosed with MDD and generalized anxiety disorder without history of psychosis or mania. Owing to poor pharmacotherapeutic response and worsening symptomatology, TMS was introduced while continuing phenelzine; this was initially successful in demonstrating positive effects on mood. However, the patient began to develop symptoms consistent with mania with psychosis and was hospitalized. Both TMS and phenelzine were discontinued, leading to significant improvement of the symptoms of mania and psychosis. Phenelzine was later reintroduced for maintenance treatment of depression and anxiety, with no recurrence of mania or psychosis. This case report implicates TMS as a possible cause of mania and psychosis symptoms.
Maternal factors and early weaning from exclusive breastfeeding / Atores maternos e o desmame precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo
Authors: Arcain Nass Evelin Matilde , Silva Marcon Sonia , Ferraz Teston Elen , Viccentine Coutinho Monteschio Lorenna , Dos Reis Pamela , Cazetta de Lima Vieira Viviane
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: identificar os fatores maternos relacionados ao desmame precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Método: estudo tipo coorte, com dados coletados 24 horas e seis meses após o parto. Na análise utilizada estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: participaram 94 mulheres com idade média de 26 anos, maioria com ensino médio completo, ocupação remunerada, multípara, sem hábitos nocivos ou uso de medicação contínua; iniciou o pré-natal antes de 12 semanas de gestação, realizou sete ou mais consultas, mas não recebeu orientação sobre aleitamento materno, não o executou na sala de parto e nem na primeira hora de vida; apresentou problemas relacionados a amamentação no hospital e no domicilio e mais da metade (57,4%) interrompeu o aleitamento precocemente. Ter realizado aleitamento materno exclusivo em filho anterior constituiu fator de proteção ao desmame precoce. Conclusão: as características da mãe e da assistência ao período gravídico-puerperal não apresentaram associação com desmame precoce.
Photopolymerized Thin Coating of Polypyrrole/Graphene Nanofiber/Iron Oxide onto Nonpolar Plastic for Flexible Electromagnetic Radiation Shielding, Strain Sensing, and Non‐Contact Heating Applications
Authors: Ganguly Sayan , Kanovsky Naftali , Das Poushali , Gedanken Aharon , Margel Shlomo
Published: November 2021

The current work presents the fabrication of micrometer‐thick single‐side‐coated surface‐engineered polypropylene (PP) film for versatile flexible electronics applications. Herein, the authors report, for the first time, photopolymerized thin coating of graphene nanofibers (GNFs) and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) onto non‐polar plastic via surface chemistry. The fabrication is achieved by adopting three consecutive steps; initially corona treated PP films are treated with silane for thin layer silica coating. Then, the silylated PP films are brushed up by pyrrole/GNFs/IONPs mixture, followed by UV exposure. The coated films show surface conductivity in the range of ≈20 S cm−1 at room temperature. Moreover, ≈15 microns of the coated film is tested against electromagnetic waves in the X‐band region (8.2–12.4 GHz) and its shielding behavior (≈24 dB) is confirmed. To demonstrate its wide range of versatility, the coated films are tested against angular strain and oscillatory magnetic fields. The results confirm angle dependent strain sensitivity and induction heating obeying Néel relaxation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first synergistic coating archived for mitigating radiation pollution, strain sensing, and non‐contact heating.
High‐Efficiency Top‐Emitting Green Perovskite Light Emitting Diode with Quasi Lambertian Emission
Authors: Cai Lei , Zhou Jungui , Bai Guilin , Zang Jiaqing , El‐Shaer Abdelhamid , Song Tao , Fung Man‐Keung , Sun Baoquan
Published: November 2021

Metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are regarded as alternative candidates for next‐generation display technologies due to their high efficiency, superior color purity, tunable bandgap. However, the research on transparent and top‐emitting PeLED with Lambertian emission profile significantly lags behind due to optical microcavity effect, which has become one of the main obstacles for potential practical display applications. Here, strategies are developed to suppress the microcavity effect by enhancing the transmission of the semitransparent electrode and extending the optical cavity length. Besides, a nanopatterned structure is incorporated to suppress the surface plasma and waveguide mode effect. Based on the above combination strategies, a transparent PeLED yields a record total external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.1% with Lambertian emission by depositing high refractive index molybdenum oxide on the semitransparent cathode. Besides, a high EQE of 13.6% of a top‐emitting device with quasi‐Lambertian emission is achieved by stretching the optical distance between two reflective layers and enhancing the transmission of the semitransparent electrode. The nanopatterned structure enables suppressed waveguide mode and surface plasmon polariton dilapidation of top‐emitting PeLEDs. This work paves a path to design transparent and top‐emitting PeLEDs for potential applications in both traditional and novel transparent displays.
Enhanced Hot Carrier Up‐Conversion in Graphene By Quantum Dot Coating
Authors: Ma He , Shang Nianze , Liang Jing , Liu Chang , Wang Fangfang , Zhao Mengze , Zhang Zhibin , Zhang Zhihong , Ma Chaojie , Liu Can , Wu Muhong , Shen Huaibin , Hong Hao , Liu Kaihui
Published: November 2021

Graphene with unique linear band structure and enhanced electron–electron interaction exhibits peculiar hot‐carrier generation. The thermalized hot carriers in graphene have potential to achieve high energy which is well above energy of the incident photons. Together with its outstanding optical and electrical properties, the exotic thermalization of hot carriers makes graphene a promising material for applications in optical up‐conversion devices and ultrafast photonics. However, the excitation efficiency of hot carriers is limited by its weak absorption and atomically thin light–matter interaction length. Here, the efficient hot‐carrier amplification is demonstrated in graphene by adjacent quantum dots (QD). With pump–probe experiments, this hot carrier amplification is found to stem from the charge collection of the two‐photon excited hot carriers in QD. Taking advantages of strong absorption of QD, the hot‐carrier excitation efficiency of graphene can be efficiently improved under near‐infrared sub‐bandgap excitation of QD. The transferred hot carriers are with energy higher than those originally excited in graphene, leading to raised hot‐carrier temperature and enhanced hot‐carrier up‐conversion. This research demonstrates QD's immense potential to realize high efficiency hot‐carrier injection in graphene‐based devices, which will promote their ability for hot‐carrier‐driven devices, optical up‐conversion devices and high‐frequency optoelectronics.
Citrate Promotes Excessive Lipid Biosynthesis and Senescence in Tumor Cells for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhao Yangjing , Liu Xia , Si Fusheng , Huang Lan , Gao Aiqin , Lin Wenli , Hoft Daniel F. , Shao Qixiang , Peng Guangyong
Published: November 2021

Metabolic disorder is one of the hallmarks of cancers, and reprogramming of metabolism is becoming a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Citrate is a key metabolite and critical metabolic regulator linking glycolysis and lipid metabolism in cellular energy homeostasis. Here it is reported that citrate treatment (both sodium citrate and citric acid) significantly suppresses tumor cell proliferation and growth in various tumor types. Mechanistically, citrate promotes excessive lipid biosynthesis and induces disruption of lipid metabolism in tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell senescence and growth inhibition. Furthermore, ATM‐associated DNA damage response cooperates with MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways to control citrate‐induced tumor cell growth arrest and senescence. In vivo studies further demonstrate that citrate administration dramatically inhibits tumor growth and progression in a colon cancer xenograft model. Importantly, citrate administration combined with the conventional chemotherapy drugs exhibits synergistic antitumor effects in vivo in the colon cancer models. These results clearly indicate that citrate can reprogram lipid metabolism and cell fate in cancer cells, and targeting citrate can be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.
Cofactor‐Assisted Artificial Enzyme with Multiple Li‐Bond Networks for Sustainable Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Suya , Yang Shuo , Cai Dong , Liang Ce , Yu Shuang , Hu Yue , Nie Huagui , Yang Zhi
Published: November 2021

Lithium–sulfur batteries possess high theoretical energy density but suffer from rapid capacity fade due to the shuttling and sluggish conversion of polysulfides. Aiming at these problems, a biomimetic design of cofactor‐assisted artificial enzyme catalyst, melamine (MM) crosslinked hemin on carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (i.e., [CNTs–MM–hemin]), is presented to efficiently convert polysulfides. The MM cofactors bind with the hemin artificial enzymes and CNT conductive substrates through FeN5 coordination and/or covalent amide bonds to provide high and durable catalytic activity for polysulfide conversions, while π–π conjugations between hemin and CNTs and multiple Li‐bond networks offered by MM endow the cathode with good electronic/Li+ transmission ability. This synergistic mechanism enables rapid sulfur reaction kinetics, alleviated polysulfide shuttling, and an ultralow (<1.3%) loss of hemin active sites in electrolyte, which is ≈60 times lower than those of noncovalent crosslinked samples. As a result, the Li–S battery using [CNTs–MM–hemin] cathode retains a capacity of 571 mAh g−1 after 900 cycles at 1C with an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.046% per cycle. Even under raising sulfur loadings up to 7.5 mg cm−2, the cathode still can steadily run 110 cycles with a capacity retention of 83%.
Electrochemical Oxidative Selenolactonization of Alkenoic Acids with Diselenides: Synthesis of Selenated γ‐Lactones
Authors: Kim Yebin , Jang Jihoon , Kim Dae Young
Published: November 2021

The novel electrochemical oxidative radical selenylation and cyclization sequences of alkenoic acid derivatives are described. This transformation is an environmentally friendly approach using stable diselenides as selenium radical precursors without external oxidizing reagents. The various selenated γ‐lactone derivatives could be synthesized in moderate to high yields.
Oral Anticoagulants in the Oldest Old with Recent Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Polymeris Alexandros A. , Macha Kosmas , Paciaroni Maurizio , Wilson Duncan , Koga Masatoshi , Cappellari Manuel , Schaedelin Sabine , Zietz Annaelle , Peters Nils , Seiffge David J. , Haupenthal David , Gassmann Luise , De Marchis Gian Marco , Wang Ruihao , Gensicke Henrik , Stoll Svenja , Thilemann Sebastian , Avramiotis Nikolaos S. , Bonetti Bruno , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Ambler Gareth , Alberti Andrea , Yoshimura Sohei , Brown Martin M. , Shiozawa Masayuki , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Venti Michele , Acciarresi Monica , Tanaka Kanta , Mosconi Maria Giulia , Takagi Masahito , Jäger Rolf H. , Muir Keith , Inoue Manabu , Schwab Stefan , Bonati Leo H. , Lyrer Philippe A. , Toyoda Kazunori , Caso Valeria , Werring David J. , Kallmünzer Bernd , Engelter Stefan T. ,   NOACISP‐LONGTERM, Erlangen Registry, CROMIS‐2, RAF, RAF‐DOAC, SAMURAI‐NVAF and Verona Registry Collaborators
Published: November 2021

Objective

To investigate the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKA) after recent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) aged ≥85 years.

Methods

Individual patient data analysis from seven prospective stroke cohorts. We compared DOAC versus VKA treatment among patients with AF and recent stroke (<3 months) aged ≥85 versus <85 years. Primary outcome was the composite of recurrent stroke, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and all‐cause death. We used simple, adjusted, and weighted Cox regression to account for confounders. We calculated the net benefit of DOAC versus VKA by balancing stroke reduction against the weighted ICH risk.

Results

In total, 5,984 of 6,267 (95.5%) patients were eligible for analysis. Of those, 1,380 (23%) were aged ≥85 years and 3,688 (62%) received a DOAC. During 6,874 patient‐years follow‐up, the impact of anticoagulant type (DOAC versus VKA) on the hazard for the composite outcome did not differ between patients aged ≥85 (HR≥85y = 0.65, 95%‐CI [0.52, 0.81]) and < 85 years (HR<85y = 0.79, 95%‐CI [0.66, 0.95]) in simple (pinteraction = 0.129), adjusted (pinteraction = 0.094) or weighted (pinteraction = 0.512) models. Analyses on recurrent stroke, ICH and death separately were consistent with the primary analysis, as were sensitivity analyses using age dichotomized at 90 years and as a continuous variable. DOAC had a similar net clinical benefit in patients aged ≥85 (+1.73 to +2.66) and < 85 years (+1.90 to +3.36 events/100 patient‐years for ICH‐weights 1.5 to 3.1).

Interpretation

The favorable profile of DOAC over VKA in patients with AF and recent stroke was maintained in the oldest old. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:78–88
Leveraging the n→π* Interaction in Alkene Isomerization by Selective Energy Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Neveselý Tomáš , Molloy John J. , McLaughlin Calum , Brüss Linda , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Gilmour Ryan
Published: November 2021

Examples of geometric alkene isomerization in nature are often limited to the net exergonic direction (ΔG°<0), with the antipodal net endergonic processes (ΔG°>0) comparatively under‐represented. Inspired by the expansiveness of the maleate to fumarate (Z→E) isomerization in biochemistry, we investigated the inverse E→Z variant to validate nO→πC=O* interactions as a driving force for contra‐thermodynamic isomerization. A general protocol involving selective energy transfer catalysis with inexpensive thioxanthone as a sensitizer (λmax=402 nm) is disclosed. Whilst in the enzymatic process nO→πC=O* interactions commonly manifest themselves in the substrate, these same interactions are shown to underpin directionality in the antipodal reaction by shortening the product alkene chromophore. The process was validated with diverse fumarate derivatives (>30 examples, up to Z:E>99:1), including the first examples of tetrasubstituted alkenes, and the involvement of nO→πC=O* interactions was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography.
An Expanded 2D Fused Aromatic Network with 90‐Ring Hexagons
Authors: Riaño Alberto , Strutyński Karol , Liu Meng , Stoppiello Craig T. , Lerma‐Berlanga Belén , Saeki Akinori , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos , Khlobystov Andrei N. , Valenti Giovanni , Paolucci Francesco , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio
Published: November 2021

Two‐dimensional fused aromatic networks (2D FANs) have emerged as a highly versatile alternative to holey graphene. The synthesis of 2D FANs with increasingly larger lattice dimensions will enable new application perspectives. However, the synthesis of larger analogues is mostly limited by lack of appropriate monomers and methods. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterisation and properties of an expanded 2D FAN with 90‐ring hexagons, which exceed the largest 2D FAN lattices reported to date.
Clinical Development of Metal Complexes as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Karges Johannes
Published: November 2021

Cancer has emerged over the last decades as one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Among the most commonly used techniques (i.e. surgery, immunotherapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy), increasing attention has been devoted towards photodynamic therapy. However, the vast majority of clinically applied photosensitizers are not ideal and associated with several limitations including poor aqueous solubility, poor photostability and slow clearance from the body, causing photosensitivity. In an effort to overcome these drawbacks, much attention has been devoted towards the incorporation of a metal ion. Herein, the clinical development of metal‐containing compounds including Purlytin®, Lutrin®/Antrin®, Photosens®, TOOKAD® soluble or TLD‐1433 is critically reviewed.
Calix[4]pyrrole‐based Crosslinked Polymer Networks for Highly Effective Iodine Adsorption from Water
Authors: Xie Linhuang , Zheng Zhiye , Lin Qiuyuan , Zhou Huan , Ji Xiaofan , Sessler Jonathan L. , Wang Hongyu
Published: November 2021

A series of calix[4]pyrrole‐based crosslinked polymer networks designed for iodine capture is reported. These materials were prepared by Sonogashira coupling of α,α,α,α‐tetra(4‐alkynylphenyl)calix[4]pyrrole with bishalide building blocks with different electronic properties and molecular sizes. Despite their low Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas, iodine vapor adsorption capacities of up to 3.38 g g−1 were seen, a finding ascribed to the presence of a large number of effective sorption sites including macrocyclic π‐rich cavities, aryl units, and alkyne groups within the material. One particular system, C[4]P‐BTP, was found to be highly effective at iodine capture from water (uptake capacity of 3.24 g g−1 from a concentrated aqueous KI/I2 solution at ambient temperature). Fast capture kinetics (kobs=7.814 g g−1 min−1) were seen. Flow‐through adsorption experiments revealed that C[4]P‐BTP is able to remove 93.2 % of iodine from an aqueous source phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1.
Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, and antimicrobial potential of novel 3‐[(1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)imino]indolin‐2‐one derivatives as DNA gyrase inhibitors
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah Y. , Ammar Yousry A. , Salem Mohamed A. , Abu‐Elghait Mohammed , Ragab Ahmed
Published: November 2021

A series of 3‐[(1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)imino]indolin‐2‐one derivatives were designed using the molecular hybridization method, characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Most of the target compounds demonstrated good to moderate antimicrobial activity compared with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Four compounds (8b, 9a, 9c, and 10a) showed encouraging results, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (53.45–258.32 µM) comparable to those of norfloxacin (100.31–200.63 µM) and ciprofloxacin (48.33–96.68 µM). Noticeably, the four derivatives revealed excellent bactericidal and fungicidal activities, except for the bacteriostatic potential of compounds 8b and 9a against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The time‐killing kinetic study against S. aureus confirmed the efficacy of these derivatives. Furthermore, two of the four promising derivatives, 9a and 10a, could prevent the formation of biofilms of S. aureus without affecting the bacterial growth at low concentrations. A combination study with seven commercial antibiotics against the multidrug‐resistant bacterium P. aeruginosa showed a notable reduction in the antibiotic MIC values, represented mainly through a synergistic or additive effect. The enzymatic assay implied that the most active derivatives had inhibition potency against DNA gyrase comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Molecular docking and density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the binding mode and study the reactivity of the promising compounds.
First‐line immune‐based combination therapies for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Mao Ziyang , Jiang Panpan , Zhang Yajuan , Li Yanlin , Jia Xiaohui , Wang Qinyang , Jiao Min , Jiang Lili , Shen Yuan , Guo Hui
Published: November 2021

Background

Immune‐based combination therapies have revolutionized the first‐line treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, for the efficacy and safety, the best treatment option is still uncertain.

Methods

We conducted a Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate first‐line immune‐based combination therapies for advanced NSCLC.

Results

Fourteen trials involving 8467 patients were included. For the programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression non‐selective patients, there were no significant differences among all the treatment modes for overall survival (OS), but the ranking profiles indicated that Immunotherapy + Immunotherapy + Chemotherapy (IO + IO + Chemo) was most likely to be the best mode (probability = 68%). Immunotherapy + Immunotherapy + Anti‐angiogenic therapy + Chemotherapy (IO + Anti‐angio + Chemo) was significantly better than most other treatment modes for progression‐free survival (PFS) with better objective response rate (ORR) and more obvious grade ≥3 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). In PD‐L1‐high cohort, IO + Anti‐angio + Chemo seemed to be the best mode for OS, PFS, and ORR according to the ranking profiles. In PD‐L1‐intermediate and PD‐L1‐negative cohort, IO + IO + Chemo was inclined to be ranked first for prolonging OS (probability = 78%; 37%) and IO + Anti‐angio + Chemo was most likely to provide best PFS (probability = 96%; 100%).

Conclusion

IO + IO + Chemo has great potential to improve the OS regardless of histology type, especially in PD‐L1‐intermediate and PD‐L1‐negative cohort. IO + Anti‐angio + Chemo shows great superiority in improving the short‐term survival accompanied by increasing grade ≥3 TRAEs.
Overexpression of miR‐122 promotes apoptosis of dermal papilla cells by directly targeting IGF1R in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: He Ye , Liu Xiaomin , Qu Qian , Chen Jian , Fan Zhexiang , Zhu Decong , Miao Yong , Hu Zhiqi
Published: November 2021

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common pattern of hair loss resulting from the effects of androgen on hair follicles. MicroRNAs (miRs) serve imperative roles in the regulation of many biological processes of hair follicles. However, the exact molecular mechanism of AGA remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found miR‐122, which is mainly recognized as a tumor suppressor, was highly overexpressed in the bulb of balding hair follicles in comparison with nonbalding ones in AGA. Moreover, miR‐122 induces apoptosis of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) with miR‐122 mimics in vitro, and the expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in hDPCs was reduced following upregulation of miR‐122. Mechanistically, dual‐luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR‐122 directly targeted the 3′‐untranslated region of IGF1R. These findings suggested that upregulation of miR‐122 induces apoptosis, potentially via the repression of IGF1R in hDPCs of AGA, providing a novel insight into the potential pathological mechanism of miR‐122 in AGA DPCs.
Tuning the Reactivity of a Substrate for SNAP‐Tag Expands Its Application for Recognition‐Driven DNA‐Protein Conjugation
Authors: Zhang Zhengxiao , Nakata Eiji , Dinh Huyen , Saimura Masayuki , Rajendran Arivazhagan , Matsuda Kazunari , Morii Takashi
Published: November 2021

Recognition‐driven modification has been emerging as a novel approach to modifying biomolecular targets of interest site‐specifically and efficiently. To this end, protein modular adaptors (MAs) are the ideal reaction model for recognition‐driven modification of DNA as they consist of both a sequence‐specific DNA‐binding domain (DBD) and a self‐ligating protein‐tag. Coupling DNA recognition by DBD and the chemoselective reaction of the protein tag could provide a highly efficient sequence‐specific reaction. However, combining an MA consisting of a reactive protein‐tag and its substrate, for example, SNAP‐tag and benzyl guanine (BG), revealed rather nonselective reaction with DNA. Therefore new substrates of SNAP‐tag have been designed to realize sequence‐selective rapid crosslinking reactions of MAs with SNAP‐tag. The reactions of substrates with SNAP‐tag were verified by kinetic analyses to enable the sequence‐selective crosslinking reaction of MA. The new substrate enables the distinctive orthogonality of SNAP‐tag against CLIP‐tag to achieve orthogonal DNA‐protein crosslinking by six unique MAs.
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Employing Electron Injection/Transport Layers of Ionic Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Kang Wen‐Lu , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Ji Yan‐Cheng , Yi Rong‐Huei , Wang Yun‐Xin , Shen Hsiang‐Ling , Chen Xuan‐Jun , Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Lu Chin‐Wei , Yang Zu‐Po , Su Hai‐Ching
Published: November 2021

Recently, perovskites have attracted intense attention due to their high potential in optoelectronic applications. Employing perovskites as the emissive materials of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) shows the advantages of simple fabrication process, low‐voltage operation, and compatibility with inert electrodes, along with saturated electroluminescence (EL) emission. Unlike in previously reported perovskite LECs, in which salts are incorporated in the emissive layer, the ion‐transport layer was separated from the emissive layer in this work. The layer of ionic transition metal complex (iTMC) not only provides mobile ions but also serves as an electron‐injection/transport layer. Orthogonal solvents are used in spin coating to prevent the intermixing of stacked perovskite and iTMC layers. The blue iTMC with high ionization potential is effective in blocking holes from the emissive layer and thus ensures EL color saturation. In addition, the carrier balance of the perovskite/iTMC LECs can be optimized by adjusting the iTMC layer thickness. The optimized external quantum efficiency of the CsPbBr3/iTMC LEC reaches 6.8 %, which is among the highest reported values for perovskite LECs. This work successfully demonstrates that, compared with mixing all components in a single emissive layer, separating the layer of ion transport, electron injection and transport from the perovskite emissive layer is more effective in adjusting device carrier balance. As such, solution‐processable perovskite/iTMC LECs open up a new way to realize efficient perovskite LECs.
Separable Hamiltonian PDEs and Turning Point Principle for Stability of Gaseous Stars
Authors: Lin Zhiwu , Zeng Chongchun
Published: November 2021

We consider stability of nonrotating gaseous stars modeled by the Euler‐Poisson system. Under general assumptions on the equation of states, we proved a turning point principle (TPP) that the stability of the stars is entirely determined by the mass–radius curve parametrized by the center density. In particular, the stability can only change at extrema (i.e., local maximum or minimum points) of the total mass. For a very general equations of state, TPP implies that for increasing center density the stars are stable up to the first mass maximum and unstable beyond this point until the next mass extremum (a minimum). Moreover, we get a precise counting of unstable modes and exponential trichotomy estimates for the linearized Euler‐Poisson system. To prove these results, we develop a general framework of separable Hamiltonian PDEs. The general approach is flexible and can be used for many other problems, including stability of rotating and magnetic stars, relativistic stars, and galaxies. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A Layered Polydiacetylene Containing Hydrogen‐Bonding 4,4′‐Bipyridyl Guests: Reversible Color Changes with a Wide‐Range Temperature Response
Authors: Mochizuki Yuki , Imai Hiroaki , Oaki Yuya
Published: November 2021

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Yuya Oaki, Keio University, Japan. The cover picture shows a layered polydiacetylene containing hydrogen‐bonding 4,4′‐bipyridyl guests formed through self‐organization. In classical intercalation chemistry, the interlayer guests are intercalated in the host layers via rigid strong electrostatic interaction. The weaker interlayer interaction via hydrogen bond promotes the dynamic motion directing the thermoresponsive color changes in a wide temperature range. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Yuya Oaki, and co‐workers.
5‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐Carboxylates and 5‐Substituted Ribavirin Analogs Synthesis
Authors: Matveev Andrey V. , Grebenkina Lyubov E. , Prutkov Alexander N. , Chudinov Mikhail V.
Published: November 2021

Ribavirin analogs substituted at position 5 of the heterocyclic base are interesting for their biological activity. This protocol describes a synthetic route to several such ribavirin analogs with a wide range of substituents.© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis and purification of 5‐substituted ethyl 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylates – synthetic precursors of nucleobases

Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis and purification of protected 1,2,4‐triazole nucleoside analogs

Basic Protocol 3: Synthesis and purification of 5‐substituted ribavirin analogs
Productivity and profitability with fallow replacement forage, grain, and cover crops in W‐S‐F rotation
Authors: Holman Johnathon D. , Obour Augustine K. , Assefa Yared
Published: November 2021

Adoption of cover crops is greatly dependent on their effect on the productivity of the main crops and profitability of system. The objective of this study was to quantify effects of spring fallow replacement grain, forage, and cover crops on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) productivity and overall net return. This field study was conducted from 2013 through 2020 near Garden City, KS. Three phases of the wheat–sorghum–fallow (W‐S‐F) rotation were the main plots, and fallow and fallow replacement grain, forage, or cover crops were subplot treatments. Available soil water at planting (ASWP) of wheat was 58 to 81% less following forage and grain oat (Avena sativa L.) and triticale and ASWP of sorghum was 29% less following spring oat grain than fallow. Spring crops did not affect average wheat and sorghum yield, water use, or water productivity compared with fallow; likely because winter wheat yield potential over the study period was <1,700 or >3,500 kg ha−1. Fallow replacement crops increased cost of production by 16 to 97% compared with fallow, and costs were greater for forage and grain crops than cover crops. However, gross returns of forage crops were greater than cover crops or grain crops. Net return was greatest for triticale forage than spring pea (Pisum sativum L.) grain. We concluded no significant effect of spring fallow replacements on wheat and sorghum yield, but greater net return from spring triticale forage because of greater forage productivity and low seed cost.
Deciphering the composite morphological diversity ofLophelia pertusa, a cosmopolitan deep‐water ecosystem engineer
Authors: Sanna Giovanni , Freiwald André
Published: November 2021

Cold‐water coral reefs constitute important biodiversity hotspots in aphotic waters around the world. The complex, highly variable morphology of the reef habitat‐forming species has important implications for the communities they harbor and for the physical processes occurring therein.Lophelia pertusa(Desmophyllum pertusum) is one of the most common reef‐building cold‐water corals, but its morphological diversity has never been characterized on a broad scale. We qualitatively and quantitatively explored the patterns of morphological variation of this species over a wide geographic and ecological range, addressing corallite and colony traits and their interrelation. Geographic variation is evident at both corallite and colony level, although with distinct trends. By linking branching patterns to colony morphology, we identified three main morphotypes (asymmetrical, bushy, and columnar) with substantial geometric and architectural differences, which suggest high functional diversity of cold‐water coral reefs across regions. Colony morphology appears strongly governed by asexual budding of individual polyps, but largely decoupled from corallite morphology. We hypothesize that colony morphology is primarily driven by local hydrodynamic conditions and associated food supply.
Investigation of Squaramide Catalysts in the Aldol Reaction En Route to Funapide
Authors: Sonsona Isaac G. , Vicenzi Andrea , Guidotti Marco , Bisag Giorgiana Denisa , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Herrera Raquel P. , Bernardi Luca
Published: November 2021

Funapide is a 3,3’‐spirocyclic oxindole with promising analgesic activity. A reported pilot‐plant scale synthesis of this chiral compound involves an asymmetric aldol reaction, catalyzed by a common bifunctional thiourea structure. In this work, we show that the swapping of the thiourea unit of the catalyst for a tailored squaramide group provides an equally active, but rewardingly more selective, catalyst for this aldol reaction (from 70.5 to 85 % ee). The reaction was studied first on a model oxindole compound. Then, the set of optimal conditions was applied to the target funapide intermediate. The applicability of these conditions seems limited to oxindoles bearing the 3‐substituent of funapide. Exemplifying the characteristics of target‐focused methodological development, this study highlights how a wide‐range screening of catalysts and reaction conditions can provide non‐negligible improvements in an industrially viable asymmetric transformation.
A virtual reality system for pain and anxiety management during outpatient hysteroscopy—A randomized control trial
Authors: Fouks Yuval , Kern Guy , Cohen Aviad , Reicher Lee , Shapira Ziv , Many Ariel , Yogev Yariv , Rattan Gilad
Published: November 2021

Background

Visual and acoustic virtual reality (VR) has been increasingly explored as a non‐pharmacological tool for pain relief in clinical settings.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR as a distraction technique in the management of acute pain during operative hysteroscopy in the outpatient setting.

Methods

A prospective, open‐label, randomized control trial in a tertiary university‐affiliated medical centre between April and August 2020. Overall, 82 women were randomly allocated to undergo operative hysteroscopy either with the use of VR (n = 44, study group) or with standard treatment (control group, n = 38). VR was applied throughout the procedure and no anaesthesia was given. The primary outcome measures included self‐reported intraoperative pain. Other objectives included vital parameters as pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) before and during the first 3 min of the procedure. Pain and anxiety outcomes were measured as numeric rating scores.

Results

The baseline parameters were similar between groups. The mean duration for the procedure was 8.1 ± 3.2 vs. 7.3 ± 6.0 min for the study and the control groups (p = 0.23). There were no statistically significant differences between the reported pain scores during the procedure [median (interquartile range) 5.0 (3.0–7.2) vs. 5.0 (3.0–8.0), respectively; p = 0.67]. While neither intraoperative heart rate nor respiratory rate differed between groups [14.0 (13.0–16.0) vs. 14.0 (11.0–16.5); p = 0.77)], the increase of heart rate was found greater in the VR group [+7.0 (8.5) vs. +1.0 (12.2); p = 0.01].

Conclusion

VR was not effective in reducing pain during an outpatient operative hysteroscopy.

Significance

The use of a Virtual reality system was found ineffective in reducing pain during and after an office operative hysteroscopy without anaesthesia, in a thorough examination of both continuous physiological parameters and women's self‐reported measures.
The perspective of enhanced geothermal energy integration with concentrated solar power and thermal energy storage
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: November 2021

A renewable energy‐only grid must couple mutable energy supplies such as wind and solar photovoltaic and affordable energy storage by lithium‐ion batteries to dispatchable energy supply such as Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) with thermal energy storage (TES) and Enhanced Geothermal Energy (EGS). EGS is centered on the exploitation of the substantial unconventional geothermal energy supplies in the crust of the Earth which is missing permeability and groundwater, with significant opportunities in western Saudi Arabia where the solar resource is also relevant. Regarding conventional geothermal energy, thermal efficiencies of the cycles can be increased to above 30% with EGS, and above 40% through the integration of EGS with CSP and TES, surpassing the 50% efficiency mark adopting advanced ultra‐supercritical (AUSC) technologies.
Nanoscale electrodeposition: Dimension control and 3D conformality
Authors: Lee Sol A , Yang Jin Wook , Choi Sungkyun , Jang Ho Won
Published: November 2021

Electrodeposition with a long history has been considered one of the important synthesis techniques for applying various applications. It is a feasible route for fabricating nanostructures using diverse materials due to its simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, flexibility, and ease of reaction control. Herein, we mainly focus on the nanoscale electrodeposition with respect to dimension control and three‐dimensional (3D) conformality. The principles of electrodeposition, dimensional design of materials, and uniform coatings on various substrates are presented. We introduce that manipulating synthesis parameters such as precursors, applied current/voltage, and additives affect the synthesis reaction, resulting in not only dimensional control of materials from three‐dimensional structures to zero‐dimensional atomic‐level but also conformal coatings on complicated substrates. Various cases regarding morphology control of metal (hydro)oxides, metals, and metal–organic frameworks according to electrodeposition conditions are summarized. Lastly, recent studies of applications such as batteries, photoelectrodes, and electrocatalysts using electrodeposited materials are summarized. This review represents significant advances in the nanoscale design of materials through methodological approaches, which are highly attractive from both academic and commercial aspects.
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) fusion‐positive high‐grade spindle cell sarcoma: A distinct group of soft tissue tumors with metastatic potential
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Zou Youran , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: November 2021

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is an epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐like ligand that activates receptor tyrosine kinases of the ErbB family of receptors. NRG1 gene fusions, which are rare (<1%) but recurrent events in solid tumors, are an emerging oncogenic driver that is potentially actionable using ErbB‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Largely characterized only in carcinomas, we describe three cases of NRG1‐rearranged sarcomas. The patients were all female, aged 32–47 years old. Two cases were deep‐seated tumors in the lower extremities (right thigh and calf); one case presented as a uterine mass. The tumors measured 9–11.5 cm in the greatest dimensions. Histologically, all three tumors were high‐grade spindle cell sarcomas composed of monomorphic spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles. The tumor cells were set in the loose collagenous stroma with branching, curvilinear thin‐walled vasculature in the background. Cytologically, the neoplastic cells displayed ovoid to fusiform nuclei with finely stippled chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, scant to moderate clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, occasional cytoplasmic vacuoles, and elongated cytoplasmic processes. Mitotic activity was elevated (> 20/10 high power fields) and tumor necrosis was present. None of the tumors expressed lineage‐specific immunophenotypical markers. Targeted RNA‐sequencing uncovered gene fusions involving NRG1 and the 5′ untranslated regions of PPHLN1, HMBOX1, or MTUS1. In all cases, the C‐terminal EGF‐like domain of NRG1 was preserved in the predicted chimeric protein product. All three patients developed metastatic disease within 2 years from initial presentation and were alive with disease at last follow‐up (mean follow‐up period = 19 months). In conclusion, we present the first case series of NRG1‐rearranged sarcomas characterized by high‐grade fascicular spindle cell morphology, non‐specific immunoprofile, and aggressive clinical behavior. Further studies are needed to determine whether this distinct subgroup of spindle cell sarcomas are amenable to targeted therapies.
Meta-analysis of SEA's effectiveness evaluation criteria: A comparison between the Chinese and international contexts
Authors: Yang Yang
Published: November 2021

By considering environmental factors in the earliest stage of decision-making, strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is seen as an important preventive measure to realize sustainable development. Despite a great expansion of SEA effectiveness research in the past 10 years, no study statistically reviews how frequently the evaluation criteria are adopted. The present meta-analysis considers 68 academic papers published from 2009 to 2019, with 41 articles relating to the international context and 27 relating to China. After ascertaining the number of times each criterion is mentioned, the adoption frequency is calculated and a comparison is made between the Chinese and international contexts. The result reveals that the criteria adopted in studies evaluating China's SEA largely accord with those used to evaluate international SEA. Both focus on procedural and contextual effectiveness. The distribution of substantive and normative effectiveness evaluation criteria is very similar. However, the significant differences lie in the criteria of assessment methods and communication, which are all of the drawbacks influencing SEA implementation in China. In addition, the problems of China's SEA pointed out by past scholars are statistically analyzed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:997–1006. © 2021 SETAC

KEY POINTS

The criteria adopted in China's SEA studies are largely accordant with international cases. Procedural and contextual effectiveness attract the most attention both in China and international contexts. The distribution of substantive and normative effectiveness evaluation criteria is very similar. The significant differences lie in the criteria of assessment methods and communication.
Merger and expansion of equivalence classes via meaningful stimuli
Authors: Marin Ramon , Ayres‐Pereira Vanessa , das Graças de Souza Deisy
Published: November 2021

The present experiments evaluated the effect of meaningful stimuli on the inclusion of a set of extra‐experimental meaningful pictures into equivalence classes using within‐ and between‐subjects designs. There were 35 adult participants in total (NEXP1 = 22; NEXP2 = 13). In both experiments, participants were first trained on six baseline relations with abstract stimuli (A, B, and C) and assessed on the emergence of three 3‐member equivalence classes. Next, they were trained on DA relations and assessed on the inclusion of the D stimuli and a set of meaningful pictures in the equivalence classes. In Experiment 1, D1 and D2 were meaningful written words and D3 was a written pseudoword. In Experiment 2, for 2 groups, D1, D2, and D3 were meaningful words; for another group, D1, D2, and D3 were pseudowords. In both experiments, participants formed the ABC classes and included the D stimuli in the classes. When D was a meaningful word, participants also included a set of pictures potentially related to the word in the ABC class established experimentally. The results have implications for the definition of meaningfulness and contribute to discussions on the impact of test arrangements on emergent responding.
Multiplicity and concentration of nontrivial solutions for a class of fractional Kirchhoff equations with steep potential well
Authors: Shao Liuyang , Chen Haibo
Published: November 2021

This paper studies the following fractional Kirchhoff equations with steep potential well:

where a, b, λ > 0 are parameters, μ > 0, and
. Under some simple assumptions on V, g, and f, we prove that problem (1.1) has at least two nontrivial solutions. Moreover, the phenomenon of concentration of solutions is obtained.