bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Media Games Books and Big Books on the Learning Outcomes of Indonesia Language for Elementary School Students
Authors: Miftahur Rohmah  , Muhamad Taufik Hidayat
Published: October 2022

Currently, there are still many students who have difficulty in understanding a reading, it is necessary to have tools, namely learning media. Learning media is one of the inseparable learning tools that must be able to be selected and used by teachers in the process of learning activities. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness between Games Book media and Big Book media in improving the learning outcomes of third grade students in Indonesian lessons. This type of research is comparative to a pseudo-experimental approach. The subjects in this study were third grade students of elementary school consist of 36 students. The data collection method uses tests to assess and measure student learning outcomes. The test for data analysis related to validity of the questions uses Product Moment Correlation, while the reliability test uses Cronbach's Alpha method. Normality test using Liliefors method, homogeneity test using F test, while hypothesis test using Independent Sample T-Test. In this study, it is shown that media games books and big books can improve the learning outcomes of third grade students of elementary school in Indonesian lessons. Meanwhile, media games books are more effective in improving student learning outcomes than big book media.
A profile of the knowledge and use of generic drugs by a population from the metropolitan region of São Paulo
Authors: Moreira Jessica Tanaka , Raimundo Joyce Regina Santos , Pereira Edimar Cristiano , Veiga Glaucia Luciano da , Perez Matheus Moreira , Reis Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the acceptance of generic drugs in the population of Diadema, and identify factors that interfere in their choice, aiming at an improvement in assistance for these patients. Materials and methods: 203 participants were interviewed through a questionnaire containing 23 questions. The interviews were performed in Diadema city/São Paulo - Brazil. Data was expressed inpercentages; however, Chi-square test was also used for some associations and a 95% confidence interval was considered. Results: Most interviewees declared having satisfactory knowledge about generic drugs and reported previous use of it. Eighty-one point three percent of interviewed people reported that generic drugs had present the expected therapeutic effect, and 85.7% informed they believed in the safety of these drugs. The pharmacy/drugstore was the principal mean of communication to transmit information about generic medications, and a relation was observed between socioeconomic conditions and knowledge/use of these drugs. Conclusion: The studied population showed good acceptance and satisfactory knowledge about generic drugs and most of them believe in its safety. The price, the level of education, and the value of income of the population, and the low frequency of prescription, demonstrated to influence the consumption of generic drugs. Implementation of programs encouraging the prescription of these drugs and campaigns to enlighten information about generic drugs for the population could be beneficial for a better knowledge and use of them, ensuring access to health by all populations.
Conhecimentos básicos sobre Papilomavírus Humano e suas complicações entre mulheres de 18 a 40 anos
Authors: Paula Isadora Pereira de , Perocco Francielle Fagotti , Nacaratto Daniela Cristina Feliciano Ferreira
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: No mundo estima-se que 291 milhões de mulheres sejam portadoras de Papilomavirus Humano (HPV), e sua importância se deve à associação ao câncer de colo uterino. Assim, torna-se necessário entender o nível de conhecimento das mulheres que estão sob risco de desenvolver a doença. Método: Para isso, aplicou-se um questionário para mulheres entre 18 e 40 anos. Resultados: A maioria das mulheres (97,6%) sabe que o HPV está relacionado com o câncer e 91,9% responderam que o HPV é fator de risco para o câncer. Quanto às manifestações clínicas, 60,3% tiveram respostas parcialmente corretas, o que mostra conhecimento satisfatório sobre o assunto. Das entrevistadas, 79,8% também conhecem o método de detecção do HPV. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, apesar das principais informações sobre o tema estarem sedimentadas, é possível perceber uma grande insegurança das entrevistadas quanto ao próprio conhecimento. Estes dados reforçam a necessidade de construir novos artigos e campanhas sobre o tema como forma de aumentar a divulgação de informações associando o HPV ao câncer a fim de sedimentar o conhecimento.
Revolta e micropolítica na poesia de Ferreira Gullar
Authors: Ferreira José Jefferson da Costa , Munção Ana Paula da Costa
Published: October 2022

O presente texto analisa a produção poética de Ferreira Gullar sob a égide das problemáticas de revolta, micropolítica e resistência articulada com autores como Albert Camus, Julia Kristeva, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, dentre outros. O intuito é visualizar os poemas de Gullar – e, dessa forma, conceber o âmbito macro da poesia – enquanto elementos de revolta e resistência frente às desigualdades sociais, e, também, como meios que possibilitam conceber formas para transformação e superação do modelo capitalista e para produção de novas subjetividades através da desterritorialização da linguagem maior-colonial por uma linguagem menor.
INFORMATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY AS A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DEFINITION
Authors: Рерке Виктория Игоревна , Бубнова Ирина Сергеевна , Демаков Владимир Иванович
Published: October 2022

Изучается научная дефиниция «информационно-психологическая безопасность» как проблемное поле пересечения информационной и психологической безопасности. Научно обосновано, что информационно-психологическая безопасность личности – это сегмент вопроса общей безопасности. Актуализированы научные представления о проблемах информационной безопасности и психологической опасности. Анализируются разные подходы к проблеме информационно-психологической безопасности личности: безопасность как чувство защищенности личности; отсутствие угроз; умение управлять собой; наличие социального опыта. Определены и сопоставлены объекты психологической и информационной безопасности. Доказано, что информационно-психологическая безопасность входит в категорию «Психологическая безопасность личности». Обосновано положение, что информационно-психологическая безопасность состоит из возможности личности противостоять негативному влиянию социума. В заключение выделены направления развития информационно-психологической безопасности: способности определять и противодействовать негативному информационно-психологическому воздействию и психологическая безопасность личности.

The scientific definition of “information and psychological security” as a problematic field of intersection of information and psychological security is studied. Scientific ideas about the problems of information security and psychological danger are updated. It is scientifically substantiated that the information and psychological security of a person is a segment of the issue of general security. Different approaches to the problem of information and psychological security of individual are analyzed: a security as a sense of protection among the individual; an absence of threats; an ability to control yourself; a presence of social experience. It is proved that information-psychological security is included in the category of psychological security of the individual. The objects of psychological and information security are defined and compared. The objects and their content for the study of psychological safety are determined. The position is substantiated that information-psychological security consists of the ability of the individual to resist the negative influence of society. It has been proved that informational and psychological security falls into the category of psychological security of the person. Thus, the directions of information’s development and psychological security are highlighted. Such as the ability to identify and counteract negative informational and psychological impact and psychological security of the person.
Aplikasi Pengukuran Luas Daun Tanaman Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Digital Berbasis Android
Authors: Andrian Rico , Agustiansyah Agustiansyah , Junaidi Akmal , Lestari Dian Indah
Published: October 2022

Leaves are the most important organ in plants in the process of photosynthesis and will affect plant growth and productivity. Leaves also have a function as the main food maker. Leaf area is a very important parameter in the science of plant nutrition, measurement of plant protection, the relationship between water and soil in plants, plant ecosystems, plant fertility, etc. The use of leaf area measuring instruments that exist today has its drawbacks in terms of portability and practicality. The development of smartphone technology, one solution that can be used to overcome this is to design an application to measure the area of leaves by utilizing an android based smartphone camera. This research has been successfully made a leaf area calculation application that utilizes smartphone cameras using the OpenCV library. The application provided in this study is able to provide convenience and speed up the calculation of the leaf image area with an error rate of 4.9% and an accuracy of 95.1% from the average results of 10 leaf samples tested. Keywords : Image Processing, Leaf Area, Opencv, Android.
The Impact of Internal Control Practices on Fraud Prevention: The Case of Lebanese Small-Medium Enterprises
Authors: Alayli Sahar
Published: October 2022

When compared to large corporations, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are far more likely to suffer from employee losses and much less likely to be able to absorb these losses. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are better able to handle internal control than large corporations. It appears that the people of Lebanon view this issue with sensitivity, it is rarely brought up in casual conversation. Since internal control is the main issue facing Lebanese businesses, they would rather not address it. Only 308 of 400 responders filled out the survey, and the results were evaluated with the use of the SPSS statistical package. Findings showed that businesses in the modern era urgently require monitoring systems, as new evidence shows that monitoring frameworks affect performance evaluations. The environment in which it operates shapes a company's management mindset. The monitoring setup provides the backbone upon which further layers of internal control may be built. Consequently, the study's subjects include the organizations' cultures and working styles and the ethics and ethical beliefs of the employees who create and execute controls. Many factors interact to maintain a stable ecosystem. A subset of the executive board and representatives from each board committee have been tasked with gathering the information necessary to complete this report at the request of the board of directors.
Effect of Biofertilizers and Farmyard Manure on Growth and Tuber Yield of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Highlands of Kenya
Authors: Abdirahman Said Hassan , Mafurah Joseph J. , Kimurto Paul K. , Nyongesa Moses W.
Published: October 2022

Poor soil fertility is among the significant constraints to potato production in Kenya. Increased potato production currently depends on the use of chemical fertilizers for nutrients. The prices of chemical fertilizers continuously increase, becoming unaffordable for small-scale farmers who mostly grow potatoes. Therefore, the continuous use of chemical fertilizers such as NPK may cause complete depletion of other macro and micronutrients in potato production areas of Kenya. In addition, it increases the cost of inputs and triggers environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative soil amendments using different biofertilizers in potato production. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 seasons using two potato varieties (Shangi and Kenya mpya). The treatments were 30 t ha-1 of farmyard manure (FYM), two different biofertilizers (Trichoderma asperellum, T.R., and Bacillus subtilis, B.A.) applied at a rate of (150 mL/10 kg) and NPK (0 and 100 kg ha-1) as negative and positive controls respectively. Field experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement. The results indicated that FYM+TR increased potato yield and plant height by 19.81% and 18.99%, respectively, compared to the control. FYM+TR also increased tuber dry matter, marketable tuber weight, and potato grade by 25.15% 18.99%, respectively, compared to the positive control. The study recommends using FYM+TR and FYM+ BA for potato production in Kenya as they were found to increase crop performance and subsequent yield, which is beneficial to the environment and safe for farmers.
Early Detection of Adhesive Placenta Previa in Cesarean Section
Authors: Winata I Gde Sastra , Meladewi Putu , Krismawati Florensa , Diyantini Made
Published: October 2022

Placenta previa is a placenta that has implanted in the lower uterine segment, thus covering all or part of the internal uterine ostium. The prevalence of placenta previa in developed countries ranges from 0.26 to 2.00% of all pregnancies, while in Indonesia it has been reported by several researchers to range from 2.4 to 3.56% of all pregnancies. Sectio cesarean is a risk factor for placenta previa and the risk of causing placenta accreta which can increase cases of bleeding and hysterectomy. However, placenta accreta can only be established after delivery. So that early detection of placenta accreta can be used to determine the condition of the placenta during pregnancy. In cesarean section, an incision is made in the uterine wall so that it can result in atrophic changes in the decidua and reduced vascularity resulting in the placenta moving to a place with higher vascularity or sticking deeper at the implantation site. The Placenta Acreta Index is a value for each sonographic parameter that is used to assess the probability of the extent to which the placenta invades the uterine wall. The probability value of placental invasion is included with the total score. Where the total value is 0.1,2 and so on up to above 8 in a row with an invasion probability value of 5%, 10%, 19%, 33%, 51%, 69%, 83%, 91% and 96%. Placenta accreta in former cesarean section can be confirmed by the placenta accreta index score.
Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy
Authors: Winata I Gde Sastra , Widiani Putu Ari Paramitha , Oktavian Hearty Indah , Satya Pranata Anak Agung Ngurah
Published: October 2022

Urinary tract infection (UTI) the most common bacterial infection found in pregnant women. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a condition in which the bacteria or microbes grow and multiply in the urinary tract. Anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy such as urinary stasis and vesicoureteric reflux will make pregnant women easier to developing UTI. In general, the management of UTI is by antibiotics. The administration of antibiotics is adjusted according to the type of UTI in the patient and based on the results of the sensitivity of urine culture. So it is very important to identify the type of UTI in diagnosis and management of UTI in pregnancy.
ДИРЕКТ-ПАПКА по разработке программы развития общеобразовательной организации
Authors: Игнатьева Галина , Соткина Светлана , Прохорова Ирина , Тулупова Оксана
Published: October 2022

Директ - папка по разработке программы развития общеобразовательной организации представляет собой методическое руководство для управленческих команд школ по проектированию и реализации стратегии развития как механизма достижения на локальном уровне стратегических национальных приоритетов. Методологичсеким основанием представленной в директ-папке методики является концептуальная модель школы образовательной антропопрактики - открытой самообучающейся образовательной организации, строящейся на основе единства и нераздельности трех составляющих компонентов: новый тип содержания образования, новые образовательные технологии, новый тип общностей людей.
MENYELISIK HUKUM PERNIKAHAN BEDA AGAMA DALAM Al-QURAN
Authors: Bahry Nurinayah
Published: October 2022

Interfaith marriages, that often occur because of love, ignores the legal aspects, whereas marriage is not only about love, but is also related to law. This article discusses the interpretation of Al-Qur'an in Surah Al-Baqarah verse 221 and other related verses, regarding the law of interfaith marriage. This verse shows that religion does not allow Muslim women to marry non-Muslim men; polytheists and scribes. It is also illegal to marry a polytheist woman, whether it is a pagan, Buddhist, or atheist. As for the law of Muslim men marrying people of the book (Jews and Christians) who still adhere to the scripture, the fiqh experts are divided into two groups. The first group argues that Muslim men can marry people of the book. The second group argues that it is unlawful to marry people of the book.
On the position of onomatopoeia in adult language. Evidence from Slovak
Authors: Gregová Renáta
Published: October 2022

Onomatopoeic expressions are usually defined as verbal imitations of the sounds from the extra-linguistic reality. The position of onomatopoeia in languages varies cross-linguistically. In standard Slovak, onomatopoeia represents a sub-category of interjections. Onomatopoeic words are considered an important part of child’s vocabulary due to their sound-imitative nature and simple structure, but their role in language of the adults is not clear. The study presents the results of the research aimed at the analysis of the place of onomatopoeia in language of adult native Slovak language speakers. The research was carried out on the basis of two questionnaires in which the respondents were asked to (1) identify the sound imitated by the given onomatopoeia, that is, to identify the meaning of the onomatopoeia and (2) to capture the sound they heard by an existing lexicalized onomatopoeia. The research results indicate that although standard Slovak is a language relatively rich in lexicalized onomatopoeic expressions, adult natives are not very familiar with their meaning. Most of the respondents could not identify the sound mimicked by the given onomatopoeia and were not able to capture the sound by the existing lexicalized sound-imitating word. This finding supports the views about the marginal position of onomatopoeia in adult language.
Omotic lexicon in its Afro-Asiatic setting VI: Addenda to Omotic roots with *ḅ-, *ṗ-, *p- (or *f-)a
Authors: Takács Gábor
Published: October 2022

The paper is a new contribution to revealing the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the lexicon of the Omotic languages by means of interbranch comparison using a.o. the ancient Egypto-Semitic evidence.
Changes in the Lactoferrin Concentration in the Bovine Colostrum During Postpartum Period
Authors: Trajkovska Biljana , Kochoski Ljupche , Dimitrovska Gordana , Hajrulai-Musliu Zehra , Uzunov Risto , Petkov Vladimir , Badgujar Prarabdh C.
Published: October 2022

The health condition of the mammary gland is highly crucial for obtaining good quality colostrum. The lactoferrin (LF), as an iron-binding protein, plays a key role in the defense mechanisms of the mammary gland due to its’ bacteriostatic properties. The study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the LF concentration in the bovine colostrum milk during the postpartum period, and the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on the LF concentration and milk composition. The cows were randomly selected at a dairy farm in Pelagonia region. Colostrum samples from 12 cows were collected. Samples were taken at different time intervals after parturition, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after parturition. Cows in their second parity were found to have higher levels of LF compared to cows in the third and higher parity (p>0.05). Time had a significant effect on the LF concentration (p<0.01), with the highest value recorded 1 h after parturition remaining stable for one hour. LF concentration and SCC in the colostrum showed a weak positive correlation (r=0.40; p<0.01). The highest LF concentration was noticed when SCC was above 800,000 cells/mL. In conclusion, the colostrum LF concentration was significantly affected by the interactions of the two factors, i.e., time after parturition and SCC (p<0.05). Milk composition was affected by elevated SCC. Parity showed no association with LF. The SCC can be used as a reliable means of assessing colostrum quality.
Suppression Effects of Excessively Expressed Gene BCL-2 in Cell Lines of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Esmerov Igor , Atanasov Branko , Angelevska Aleksandra , Chrcheva Radmila , Mickov Ljupco , Angelovski Ljupco , Josifovska Slavica , Markov Nikolaj , Adamov Nikola
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to construct two plasmid-specific shRNA transcripts of the bcl-2 gene in order to prepare for reverse of cell apoptosis. The plasmid was designed according to a previously published sequence of interfering RNA following an appropriate reference, using appropriate software. By annulling complementary oligonucleotides, double-stranded inserts were formed. Recombinant shRNA-encoding plasmids were constructed by digestion of psiRNA-x7SKGFPzeo plasmid (psiRNA-x7SKGFPzeo, with restrictive endonuclease BbsI electrophoresis in ultra-pure agarose with low melting point (LMP-Agarose). For each of the constructs, a suitable double-stranded insert downstream of x7SK (strong RNA III promoter) with T4 DNA ligase was cloned. The control plasmid psiRNAScr was used directly for transformation. The PC-3 cell lines were transfected with 2 plasmids, psiRNA-Bcl-2 and psiRNAScr to suppress the bcl-2 gene construct. The results have shown that the lowest level of bcl-2 genes was 48 h, and even lower 72 h after the transfer, and the mRNA levels returned to normal in 120 h. An increase in the percentage of cells with spontaneous apoptosis has been observed with successful inhibition of the bcl-2 gene. The induction of apoptosis in transfected cells increased the percentage of necrotic cells proportionally. The percentage of apoptotic cells transfected with psiRNA-bcl-2 plasmid increased proportionally to the increase of hydrogen peroxide concentration. The transfection of the PC-3 cell line from prostate cancer with constructed shRNA plasmid has induced suppression of bcl-2 gene expression versus control Scr plasmid. Suppression of bcl-2 gene expression significantly increased cell sensitivity to apoptosis induction.
Sea Buckthorn Diseases Caused by Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Drevinska Kristīne , Moročko-Bičevska Inga
Published: October 2022

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a native species in various regions of Asia and Europe. It is cultivated as a multipurpose horticultural species in northern temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America with large economic potential used for food, pharmacology, cosmetics, and environmental conservation. Diseases in natural populations and managed landscapes have increased, endangering sea buckthorn growth and cultivation worldwide. This review article focuses on sea buckthorn canker, wilt and decline diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, their distribution, hosts of involved pathogenic fungi and symptoms. Published information on sea buckthorn fungal diseases is available only about a few diseases, such as wilt (Verticillium dahliae), the dried-shrink disease caused by various fungi and abiotic factors, and stem canker (Hymenopleella hippophaeicola, Cytospora spp., Stigmina sp.). Some fungi reported on sea buckthorn are poorly studied, or the sea buckthorn is a newly discovered host, as in the case of Eutypa spp. The most often reported symptoms of these diseases are cankers and cracks on trunks and main branches, dead buds and leaves, necrosis of various tissues on branches, and root necrosis, resulting in the death of the shrubs. In general, the fungal diseases on sea buckthorn are not sufficiently addressed, and more research is needed.
Genetic Diversity and Relatedness of Latvian Pyrus Germplasm assessed by a Set of SSR Markers
Authors: Lācis Gunārs , Kota-Dombrovska Irita , Kārkliņa Katrīna , Lāce Baiba
Published: October 2022

Pears (Pyrus communis L.) are not native plant species in Latvia but have a long history of introduction and growing, using various sources of plant material over time. Therefore, the existing collection of genetic resources combines accessions of different origin. To plan the further development of this crop and to ensure its successful preservation, this study aimed to characterise the Latvian Pyrus germplasm collection using SSR molecular markers and to estimate the level of genetic diversity within the pear germplasm collection. Six SSR markers were used to genotype 206 pear accessions of different origin, such as cultivars and hybrids bred in Latvia, landraces collected during expeditions throughout the country, and introduced foreign cultivars. The marker set identified 197 accessions with unique genotypes, and enabled a comparison of different origin groups, and an assessment of genetic diversity. Allele numbers ranged from 15 to 28 for the markers used, whereas observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.519 to 0.956. Grouping of accessions according to geographical origin was not observed. However, the genetic background of Latvian samples was entirely in alignment with international germplasm.
Apple Scab Detection in the Early Stage of Disease Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kodors Sergejs , Lācis Gunārs , Moročko-Bičevska Inga , Zarembo Imants , Sokolova Olga , Bartulsons Toms , Apeināns Ilmārs , Žukovs Vitālijs
Published: October 2022

Modern reviews of challenges related to deep learning application in agriculture mention restricted access to open datasets with high-resolution natural images taken in field conditions. Therefore, artificial intelligence solutions trained on these datasets containing low-resolution images and disease symptoms in the advanced stage are not suitable for early detection of plant diseases. The study aims to train a convolutional neural network for apple scab detection in an early stage of disease development. In this study a dataset was collected and used to develop a convolutional neural network based on the sliding-window method. The convolutional neural network was trained using the transfer-learning approach and MobileNetV2 architecture tuned on for embedded devices. The quality analysis in laboratory conditions showed the following accuracy results: F
1 score 0.96 and Cohen’s kappa 0.94; and the occlusion maps — correct classification features.
Knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward hemorrhoids and related surgical treatments among medical students and general population: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Neazy Sultan , Yousef Yasmin , Nejaim Kenan , Alobaidi Hussain , Alzahrani Abdullah , Alswat Anas , Khan Muhammad , Hakami Alqassem
Published: October 2022

Background: Hemorrhoids occur when the draining veins around the anal canal get distended, causing discomfort, itching, and possibly constipation. This study aims to assess the general population and medical students' knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward hemorrhoids and different surgical management options in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with a self-administered online questionnaire was distributed in all regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire had two sections: demographic data and perception toward hemorrhoids. The data were entered into Excel and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
Results: About 36 (2.5%) participants answered that they had never heard about hemorrhoids. Notably, only 738 (52%) participants picked straining during bowel movement as a cause of hemorrhoids. Moreover, around 28.7% falsely thought diarrhea was a precipitant to piles. Lifestyle is one factor that was reported in 45.9% of responses. Constant pain around the anal region was identified as a symptom by 921 (64.4%). Physicians were reported as a source of information in only 173 (12.1%) responses. The majority agreed that hemorrhoids would negatively affect the quality of life. Embarrassment was an important reason to avoid visiting the doctor, according to 952 (66.5%) responses.
Conclusion: Despite the common knowledge of hemorrhoids as a disease, our study showed that only half of the respondents were able to correctly identify straining as the primary cause. Whereas one-fourth wrongly thought diarrhea was the actual cause. Counseling and increasing awareness among the population are needed to facilitate the stigma associated with hemorrhoids.
Organization of Work to Combat Fraud in a Financial Institution
Authors: Larionova Svetlana L'vovna
Published: October 2022

The object of the research is the technology of remote banking and remote provision of financial services, the subject of the research of the article is methods and means of countering fraud. The author examines in detail the main reasons for successful fraudulent transactions, analyzes the main tools of counteraction, determines the indicators of the analysis of the effectiveness of counteraction, suggests ways to solve the problem. The article discusses in detail the algorithms of fraud analysis and determines the optimal model for analyzing fraudulent transactions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons for the growth of fraudulent transactions in the field of remote provision of financial services. The author defines the directions for improving the anti-fraud system, including proposals for finalizing the legislation of the payment sphere. The article also describes the main fraud schemes and current threats that contribute to the commission of fraudulent transactions.   The main conclusions of the study are: 1. The only direction of countering fraudulent transactions in the financial sector is a fraud analysis system based on risk assessment of the client and his operations based on artificial intelligence models, indicators of fraudulent transactions and rules for their use, as well as risk-oriented authentication of the client and his operations. 2. Fraud analysis allows you to effectively protect the client not only from the actions of an attacker, but also from your own actions committed under the influence of social engineering methods. 3. Financial organizations do not use their rights to prevent fraudulent transactions that are committed by clients of a financial organization under the influence of social engineering methods. A special contribution of the author is proposals regarding the improvement of legislation in order to counter fraud. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the development and justification of an optimal anti-fraud system, taking into account existing fraud schemes, indicators of the effectiveness of anti-fraud.
Comparative Orthography of Spanish Texts in Arabic and Hebrew Script
Authors: Tikhonova O. V.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the basic common and distinctive features of the orthography of Alhamiado and Judesmo.Spanish manuscripts in Arabic and Hebrew scripts are known as the Aljamiado and Judesmo texts. The former were written by the Spanish Muslims during and after the Reconquista, while the Judesmo texts were written by Spanish Jews, for the most part, after the expulsion in 1492. Both types of texts are written in Semitic alphabets, but their orthography differs significantly.In both systems, special notations were developed to indicate Spanish consonants which do not exist in Arabic and Hebrew, using the signs tashdid (ω) in Alhamiado and rafa (ﬞ) in Judesmo. The latter also used combinations with double yod ( י )  to represent Spanish palatal consonants.However, in the vowel sound transmission system, the discrepancies are much greater in Alhamiado and Judesmo. These differences are primarily due to the different ways in which vowels are rendered in the two systems. Alhamiado is based on the vowel system developed in the Arabic Qur’anic literature. While in Judesmo, for this purpose the letters of the Hebrew alphabet were adapted, so they denoted semi-consonant sounds as in the Yiddish spelling system.In addition, a special notation was developed in Alhamiado for the sound denoted by the Latin ‘e’. However, both Alhamiado and Judesmo use a semiconsonant at the beginning of a word with the frontal vowel ʼalif (|) <ʼ> in Alhamiado and aleph (ʪ) <ʼ> in Judesmo. Diphthongs and gapes also use the dividing vowel. In general, the vowel transmission system in Alhamiado is more precise than in Judesmo.
Ideologemes as a Speech Influence Tool in Public Discourse of the Spanish Monarchy
Authors: Selivanova I. V.
Published: October 2022

In recent years, in political linguistics, intercultural communication, sociology and other humanities, ideologemes have been widely studied. In many studies, they are often regarded as a worldview setting, expressed in a linguistic form, as a cognitive-pragmatic tool to promote ideology, and as an effective way to influence public consciousness in political communication. In any public political speech, ideologemes are a means of categorizing the world and translating value coordinates – a certain axiological model in the public mind. Ideologemes usually convey the main ideological and value related orientations of a society. In crucial moments, ideologemes can be a tool for reshaping the public opinion and forming the “right” attitude on the part of the speaker. They are also widely used in various subcultures that try to stand out. In other words, ideologemes help form axiological categories, whose analysis is necessary when describing the mentality of a particular society and its accepted behavior patterns. This article focuses on the ideologemes of the Spanish King Felipe VI, who, like his predecessor Juan Carlos I, is the embodiment of the traditional Spanish mentality. We have analyzed the King’s speeches not only from the point of view of their content, ideologically and politically speaking, but also within the pragmatic framework of the selected speeches, looking at the socio-political context and the addressee. The analysis has shown that the frequent use of ideologemes helps the leader promote the ideas of national unity, justice, sacrifice, international cooperation, etc. Due to the Catalonian separatism, the national unity narrative is widely used by the monarch and plays a very important role in modern Spain. With the help of ideologemes, taking into account the multicultural Spanish society, which was deeply fractured, the King conveys ideas about (a) the political foundations of the state, (b) basic values, (c) the national character, and (d) the current socio-political situation in Spain. On the international stage, the main functions of ideologemes are (a) to proclaim the need for international cooperation, (b) to create a positive political image of Spain as a reliable partner, and (c) to declare commitment to the basic principles of democracy.
Designatum Analysis in Forensic Linguistic Expertise: On the Question of Constructing a Methodology
Authors: Burtseva A. V. , Kalashnikova O. V. , Trocuk S. N.
Published: October 2022

The authors substantiate the use of the semiotic approach in applied research as adequate to the integrative nature of speech activity and clarify the concept conflictogenicity at the level of three components of a linguistic sign according to G. Frege: name, denotation, and especially designatum, which does not imply the existence of absolutely identical concepts in the minds of different people. Using the example of an expert opinion, the implementation of the semiotic approach in the situation of conflict designatum, as the most difficult element of semantics for language analysis, as well as the symbolic nature of the “controversial” text are demonstrated. The article highlights the differences between the interpretation of the text as “controversial” and “conflictogenic”.
The Sources of Regulation of Digital Asset Platform Service Providers in Russia and Overseas
Authors: Alekseenko A. P.
Published: October 2022

The development of blockchain technologies caused the emergence of digital tokens and cryptocurrencies, which are used on digital platforms for investing. It determines the relevance of studying legislation of the jurisdictions where the largest international cryptocurrency exchanges are incorporated. Based on the experience of the Cayman Islands, the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Estonia, this paper conducts a comparative legal analysis of the main sources regulating the activities of digital asset services providers. The study shows the approaches applied to cryptocurrency exchanges and their operators. We concluded that there are growing requirements for providers of digital asset platforms in terms of AML / CFT, localization of business, and special liability for those companies which provide services without a license.
DOSSIÊ CHINA: TRANSFORMAÇÕES, IMPACTOS GLOBAIS E CONTROVÉRSIAS
Authors: Souza Renildo , Kraychete Elsa
Published: October 2022

Os Cadernos do CEAS esperam, com este dossiê, poder contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a China, que se tornou um tema obrigatório para as discussões sobre os mais diversos aspectos no mundo do Século XXI. Os brasileiros temos máximo interesse nesses debates, somos parte diretamente interessada. Desde 2009, a China tornou-se o principal parceiro comercial do Brasil, além dos seus investimentos crescentes. Os chineses estão cada vez mais envolvidos, desempenhando papel determinante, com o agronegócio, mineração, infraestrutura, petróleo, indústria e privatizações no Brasil. Esse expansionismo econômico chinês no Brasil tem impactos políticos, sociais, ambientais de grande monta.
Repeat cultures in septic arthritis, do they change antibiotic management?
Authors: Judy Ryan P. , Girgis Mina Y. , Sewards J. Milo
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Septic arthritis is an orthopedic surgical emergency. Repeat cultures increase cost and patient discomfort; however, it is unknown whether repeat cultures have any merit in guiding treatment. The primary purpose of this investigation is to determine if repeat septic arthritis synovial fluid cultures alter antibiotic management. The secondary purpose is to identify independent risk factors that may alter subsequent antibiotic therapy.

Methods:

Septic arthritis cases were retrospectively reviewed using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes between January 2011 and December 2015. Inclusion criteria were patients >18 years with >1 positive synovial culture taken >2 days apart.

Results:

Two hundred and ninety-two synovial cultures were taken. Seventy were repeat cultures. Around 3 quarters (74.3%) yielded the same bacteria and 25.7% yielded different bacteria. Less than half (45.7%) of repeat cultures were associated with a change in antibiotics. Of the 18 repeat cultures that yielded different bacteria, six repeat cultures contained the same bacteria ± a different organism. Thirteen of the eighteen repeat cultures with different bacteria required a change in antibiotics. Patients who had their antibiotic therapy changed after repeat cultures were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (66.7% vs. 38.5%; P = 0.04, OR = 3.2 [1.04, 9.89]). Patients with hepatitis C more frequently required a different antibiotic regimen on repeat cultures (69.2% vs. 40.4%; P = 0.06, OR = 3.3 [0.91, 12.1]).

Conclusion:

Repeat culture data in patients with septic arthritis changed antibiotic regimens in 45.7% of patients and yielded different bacteria in 25.7%. Patients with diabetes more frequently required alternate antibiotic regimens.
The predictors of hyperglycemia and its effects on neurological outcome in the patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage undergoing surgical clipping: A prospective observational study
Authors: Koyanna Srikanth , Panda Nidhi Bidyut , Mahajan Shalvi , Bharti Neerja , Patel Swati , Singla Navneet
Published: October 2022

Background:

Following intracranial aneurysm rupture, 70–90% of patients have hyperglycemia as a stressful response. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is deleterious if not controlled well. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence, risk factors of hyperglycemia, and its effect on outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients who underwent aneurysmal clipping.

Methods:

Following intracranial aneurysm rupture, 70–90% of patients have hyperglycemia as a stressful response. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is deleterious if not controlled well. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence, risk factors of hyperglycemia, and its effect on outcome in aSAH patients who underwent aneurysmal clipping.

Results:

At admission, the prevalence of hyperglycemia and severe hyperglycemia was 31.8% and 6.8%, respectively. Perioperative hyperglycemia and severe hyperglycemia were seen in 75.7% and 27%, respectively. History of diabetes mellitus (DM), higher admission random blood sugar, and higher admission mean blood pressure were predictors of perioperative hyperglycemia (P- 0.046, 0.00, and 0.004, respectively) and severe hyperglycemia (P- 0.048, 0.00, and 0.031). In addition, female sex, prolonged duration of anesthesia, and surgery were also found to be the predictors of hyperglycemia (P- 0.025, 0.07, and 0.012). Increased ventilator, intensive care unit, and hospital days were associated with perioperative hyperglycemia and severe hyperglycemia, respectively (P ≤ 0.006/0.00, P ≤ 0.007/0.00, and P ≤ 0.038/0.00). Poor Glasgow Outcome Score at 1 and 3 months after discharge was associated with admission and perioperative hyperglycemia ([P ≤ 0.000/0.000 and P ≤ 0.000/0.000], respectively). However, no association was seen between mortality and hyperglycemia or severe hyperglycemia.

Conclusion:

A higher prevalence of hyperglycemia is present in aSAH patients. A higher incidence of perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with poor neurological outcomes. Hence, the identification of risk factors and meticulous perioperative control of hyperglycemia will help in preventing poor neurological outcomes.
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine – A review of the literature
Authors: Ehioghae Mark , Lawlor Mark C. , Mesfin Addisu
Published: October 2022

Background:

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition, also known as pseudogout, in the cervical ligamentum flavum (CLF), is a rare disease which can cause spinal cord signaling changes leading to rapid deterioration in function. The natural history of cervical myelopathy as a result of CPPD deposition within the CLF is not well understood. Our objective is to describe the presentation, imaging findings, and treatment options of CPPD deposition or pseudogout of the cervical spine.

Methods:

Using PubMed, we analyzed studies published from 1978 to 2022. Key words used were “pseudogout,” “CPPD deposit disease,” “cervical yellow ligament,” “CLF,” and “cervical spine.” We excluded “crowned dense syndrome” and “ossification of ligament flavum.” Using a department database, we queried for patients treated for CPPD of the cervical spine.

Results:

Twenty clinical studies on CPPD of the cervical spine with 69 patients aged between 15 and 92 years (mean = 72) were identified. Neck pain and numbness of the hands were the most common symptoms. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common comorbidities. Males and females were affected at equal rates. C4-C5 and C5-C6 were the most affected segments. Earlier surgical treatment produced better outcomes. A laminectomy and fusion or laminoplasty were the most common procedures performed with most patients experiencing some return of neurologic function.

Conclusion:

Although rare, CPPD deposit disease in the CLF should be readily considered as a differential diagnosis due to the continuously aging population. CPPD’s progressively worsening nature makes an early diagnosis and treatment important in improving the patient’s overall quality of life.
Which biological pathways are responsible for the late appearance of brain metastases in renal cell carcinoma? Analysis of eight cases
Authors: Minghinelli Federico E. , Recalde Rodolfo José , Prost Diego Martín , Cutuli Hernán Javier , Giovannini Sebastián Juan María , Zaninovich Roberto Steven
Published: October 2022

Background:

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 1% of all cancers and its brain metastases amount to 8.1% of all metastatic tumors. Late brain metastases are defined as tumors that appear 10 years after diagnosis of the primary lesion. The objective of this work is to discuss which biological pathways are responsible for the late appearance of these metastases analyzing eight cases.

Case Description:

We report here eight cases of late brain metastases of RCC treated between 2018 and 2021. Patients consulted for different clinical complaints. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan were performed on all patients. They were treated by complete surgical resection plus radiosurgery or by radiosurgery alone. The histology of most metastases showed clear cell RCC.

Conclusion:

In the presence of a patient with an intracranial tumor and a history of RCC with more than 10 years of evolution, the presence of late metastasis should always be considered. There are many theories described in the literature that try to explain the late appearance of brain metastases from RCC (low mitotic index, impaired immune system, cross talk, self-seeding, and among others).
A case of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages complicated by trichosporonosis
Authors: Shibao Shunsuke , Kaburaki Makoto , Saito Katsuya , Tomita Hideyuki
Published: October 2022

Background:

Trichosporonosis has an extremely poor prognosis. In this report, we describe a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage due to a fungal aneurysm caused by Trichosporon.

Case Description:

A 71-year-old woman who experienced subcortical hemorrhage developed a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Endovascular parent artery occlusion was performed for a fungal aneurysm in the left posterior cerebral artery caused by Trichosporon. After surgery, voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B were administered. The patient died of massive left putamen hemorrhage.

Conclusion:

Effective treatment for intracranial hemorrhage due to trichosporonosis has not yet been established and an accumulation of cases is required.
EVOLUTION OF THE THERMAL REGIME OF THE PYROGENIC SOILS IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA
Authors: СКРЯБИН П.Н.
Published: October 2022

Рассматривается проблема термической реакции верхних горизонтов криолитозоны на антропогенные воздействия. Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований, выполненных при научно-геокриологическом сопровождении изыскательских и строительных работ на трассах линейных сооружений. Освещены геокриологические условия района работ, методика геокриологического мониторинга верхних горизонтов криолитозоны. Объектами исследований являются грунты слоя годовых теплооборотов. Полевые работы включают повторные ландшафтные обследования гаревых территорий, проведения наблюдений в холодный и теплый сезоны года за высотой и плотностью снежного покрова, свойствами, протаиванием и температурой грунтов. Исследована динамика индикаторов изменений термического режима грунтов: мощность активного слоя и температуры в слое годовых теплооборотов в полосе проложения трубопроводов, железных и автомобильных дорог, линий электропередач. Выявлено значительное повышение среднегодовой температуры верхних горизонтов криолитозоны и увеличение глубины сезонного протаивания на гарях и вырубке леса на гарях. Глубина сезонного протаивания грунтов на гарях увеличивается ежегодно, местами достигая верхнюю кровлю подземных льдов, где начинается деградация многолетнемерзлых пород. Приведены данные о развитии опасных криогенных процессов, вызывающих деформацию поверхности. Количественно оценена изменчивость термического режима грунтов на гарях и гарях с вырубкой в зависимости от стадий самовосстановления растительности. Результаты исследований использованы при изысканиях и строительстве линейных сооружений. Экспериментальные данные являются основой геокриологического прогноза и разработки рекомендаций по рациональному природопользованию.