bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELAÇÕES ENTRE A DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DA COVID-19 E A DINÂMICA DAS INTERAÇÕES ESPACIAIS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Giraldi Cocco Rodrigo , Collishonn Erika , Meurer Maurício
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as relações existentes entre a distribuição espaço-temporal dos casos de COVID-19, as mobilidades inter-regionais e pendulares e as atividades produtivas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia teve por base a análise conjunta de dados dos números de casos de infecção, do tempo de confirmação do primeiro caso por localidade, das infraestruturas e serviços de transporte e das atividades econômicas no território sul-rio-grandense. A pesquisa demonstrou que essas relações são verossímeis, exibindo, portanto, a complexidade do elo existente entre as interações espaciais e a difusão espacial do SARS-CoV-2, o vírus causador da doença. O trabalho reforça a importância dos estudos interdisciplinares, em especial na Geografia da Saúde, ao levantar questões sobre os transportes e as interações espaciais, as atividades econômicas nas diferentes regiões do estado e as características físicas que envolvem a temperatura interna dos ambientes de produção e circulação. O estudo também põe à mostra a fragilidade do Estado neoliberal na vigilância, gestão e planejamento estratégico dos serviços, infraestruturas de transporte e atividades produtivas, em meio aos saltos multiescalares dos patógenos de alto contágio na rede urbana. Ao mesmo tempo, demonstra que a difusão espacial do SARS-CoV-2 e a localização dos casos de COVID-19 tem obedecido relativamente aos padrões dos volumes e frequências de deslocamentos conhecidamente regionais em eixos rodoviários, bem como características de certas atividades produtivas e de reprodução social.
A CHEGADA DO SARS-COV-2 NO AMAZONAS
Authors: Schwade Tiago Maiká Müller , Lima Schwade Michéli Carolíni de Deus , Schwade Luiz Augusto
Published: July 2020

Buscamos descrever a chegada do Sars-CoV-2 no estado do Amazonas, apresentar as políticas públicas empregadas durante essa chegada e analisar os resultados dessa relação entre o vírus e as ações do estado. Para tanto, buscamos nos apoiar em documentos públicos, com atenção para os dados oficiais disponibilizados nos boletins epidemiológicos e documentos normativos elaborados pelos governos estadual e federal. Com isso, foi possível identificar as principais fragilidades das políticas empregadas que conduziram a uma rápida expansão e interiorização da doença no estado do Amazonas.
PROPOSTA DE ÍNDICE PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE SITUAÇÃO DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL AO COVID-19
Authors: Ramalho Barros Juliana , Barbara Gioia Thamy , Silva Vasques Hérika
Published: July 2020

O processo saúde-doença é permeado por fatores que vão além da susceptibilidade genética e biológica, mas também por variáveis ligadas às condições sociais e econômicas que podem ser expressas em situações de vulnerabilidade em saúde. O cenário de expansão da COVID-19 no Brasil tem demonstrado como as desigualdades sociais repercutem nesse processo saúde-doença, de modo que, avaliar tais disparidades pode oferecer suporte ao enfrentamento da doença no País. O objetivo do presente artigo foi estabelecer um índice para avaliação da situação de vulnerabilidade social à COVID-19. A partir da seleção de 12 variáveis, a modelagem consistiu na identificação das mais preditivas à ocorrência da COVID-19 no Estado de Goiás e no Distrito Federal. Para isso, foram testados dois algoritmos de machine learning: Random Forest e XGBoost. Os resultados indicaram como mais preditivas as variáveis: condições de renda, total de internações por doenças classificadas como mais vulneráveis e porcentagem da população em condições de trabalho informal. Diante disso, aproximadamente 23% dos municípios foram classificados em alta a muito alta vulnerabilidade.
MONITORAMENTO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DAS ÁREAS DE ALTO RISCO DE COVID-19 NOS MUNICÍPIOS DO BRASIL
Authors: Barrozo Ligia Vizeu , Serafim Mirela Barros , Moraes Sara Lopes de , Mansur Giselle
Published: July 2020

Em 11 de março de 2020 a doença COVID-19 foi declarada uma pandemia. No Brasil o primeiro registro oficial da doença foi em 25 de fevereiro de 2020, contabilizando até o dia 01 de Maio do mesmo ano um total de 90.982 casos e 6.367 óbitos. Utilizando-se do software SaTScan™, a partir de ferramentas de estatística espacial e espaço-temporal, é possível elaborar análises robustas de varredura retrospectiva e prospectiva para identificação da ocorrência e acompanhar o espalhamento da doença no espaço e no tempo. Nesse contexto foi criado o projeto MONITORA-CLUSTERS, cujo objetivo é verificar e acompanhar agrupamentos de alto risco dos casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19. Ao longo do período estudado os resultados mostraram a formação de agrupamentos de alto risco relativo significativos nas modelagens espaciais e espaço-temporais. A fim de identificar agrupamentos ativos de casos e de óbitos, a estatística de varredura espaço-temporal prospectiva mostra onde e quando tiveram início tais agrupamentos, apontando locais críticos para medidas de controle. Percebeu-se em ambas as abordagens que todas as macrorregiões brasileiras apresentam aglomerados com excesso de casos registrados e/ou de óbitos. Essa poderosa ferramenta de vigilância epidemiológica tem potencial para colaborar no auxílio de tomadas de decisão referentes à pandemia no país.
ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DOS CASOS DE SARS-COV-2 NA REDE URBANA DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL: UMA ANÁLISE DA 11ª À 18ª SEMANA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE 2020
Authors: Mota Adeir Archanjo da , Calixto Maria José Martinelli Silva
Published: July 2020

A pandemia da COVID-19, declarada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, é uma emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional. Os agravos à saúde humana pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, e os impactos socioambientais e econômicos dele decorrentes, exigem respostas imediatas e articuladas, envolvendo estudos de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo é resultado de um estudo em desenvolvimento, de caráter exploratório, descritivo e analítico, que objetiva mapear a distribuição espaço-temporal dos casos confirmados e dos óbitos registrados no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Da mesma forma, visa identificar, na rede urbana, a associação espacial entre os níveis de centralidade e os 280 casos positivos. Considerando sete semanas epidemiológicas, pode-se afirmar que, de forma geral e preliminarmente, o contágio evolui dos centros urbanos de maiores níveis de centralidade para os de menores níveis. Por outro lado, as interações espaciais heterárquicas também contribuem para compreender o início do contágio em centros de menor nível hierárquico. Ressalta-se que os resultados podem contribuir com a vigilância em saúde estadual, oferecendo subsídios para a priorização de locais para ações, para o monitoramento e para estudos que possam identificar riscos e vulnerabilidades socioambientais.
SITUAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA TRANSMISSÃO DA COVID-19 NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL
Authors: Magalhães Sandra Célia Muniz , Santos Flávia de Oliveira , Lima Samuel do Carmo , Fonseca Elivelton da Silva
Published: July 2020

O Brasil é um país com extensa dimensão territorial e com acentuadas desigualdades socioeconômicas entre suas regiões, o que reflete diretamente no acesso à saúde, principalmente da população mais carente. O mesmo ocorre nos estados, como é o caso de Minas Gerais, com diversidade regional, com características sociais, econômicas e culturais variadas. Daí a importância de se promoverem estudos de cunho regional na tentativa de evidenciar as potencialidades e fragilidades que as regiões apresentam, para que, assim, as políticas públicas de saúde possam ser desenvolvidas com maior eficácia, possibilitando as autoridades sanitárias ações mais assertivas no combate a COVID-19. Em face a essa realidade, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre a situação epidemiológica da transmissão da covid-19 no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Considerando que a pandemia de Covid-19 ainda não chegou definitivamente ao Norte de Minas, e que a relação leitos de UTI/população não é adequada, isso impõe ao Estado e às autoridades sanitárias da Região de Saúde tomar medidas urgentes para ampliar o número de leitos com respiradores para atender a demanda crescente que se espera, quando a região enfrentar o  pico da pandemia. Outra questão importante é que a hora de estabelecer medidas que imponham o isolamento social com mais rigor é agora, para achatar a curva de transmissão, antes que o número de casos da doença cresça e a situação fique fora de controle.
AVANÇO DA COVID-19 NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA E PERFIL DOS PACIENTES QUE FORAM A ÓBITO NOS PRIMEIROS QUARENTA E CINCO DIAS DE CASOS REGISTRADOS
Authors: Pereira Martha Priscila Bezerra , Sales Andréa Leandra Porto , Souza Júnior Xisto Serafim de Santana de
Published: July 2020

A velocidade da expansão espaço-temporal da Covid-19 nos cinco continentes será considerado como marco da ruptura da atual lógica global/capitalista, haja vista as consequências socioeconômicas que serão deixadas em todos os países. No caso do Brasil a situação torna-se ainda mais complicada devido aos embates políticos entre o Governo Federal e os Governos Estaduais cujo resultado torna imprevisível qualquer precisão quanto ao controle da doença e redução da letalidade a exemplo dos casos evidenciados nos primeiros 45 dias de registros oficiais da Covid-19 no Estado da Paraíba. Desta forma, este artigo busca analisar o avanço da Covid-19 no estado da Paraíba e o perfil dos pacientes que foram a óbito nos primeiros quarenta e cinco dias de casos registrados. Para esta pesquisa foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: a) levantamento de referências; b) levantamento documental; c) levantamento de dados estatísticos; d) espacialização dos casos da Covid-19 no estado da Paraíba. Como resultados principais, percebeu-se que o avanço da Covid-19 no Estado da Paraíba ocorreu inicialmente seguindo o curso das principais rodovias do estado, chegando aos municípios de maior centralidade, e desses para municípios de menor; com exceção dos casos importados. Os dados de mortalidade apontam para uma maior vulnerabilidade de pessoas a partir de quarenta anos, se agravando para pacientes com mais de sessenta anos. Entre as comorbidades mais significativas que levam a óbito parece até o momento ser: a diabetes, a hipertensão e cardiopatias em geral. As fontes de dados, indicadores e variáveis estão disponíveis em vários endereços eletrônicos, sendo necessário o esforço da sistematização em trabalhos futuros.
SITUAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E DIFUSÃO DA COVID-19 PELA REDE URBANA EM MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL
Authors: Lima Samuel do Carmo , Fonseca Elivelton da Silva , Santos Flávia de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

O Estado de Minas Gerais apresenta, diferentemente da maioria dos Estados brasileiros, um patamar de transmissão ainda baixo, porque suas principais cidades, Belo Horizontes, Uberlândia, Juiz de Fora, Contagem, Montes Claros não atingiram ainda o nível de transmissão da doença que pode colocar o Sistema de Saúde Pública em colapso, por falta de leitos de UTI, respiradores e equipamentos de proteção individual para os profissionais de saúde, como já se vê em Manaus, Belém, São Luiz, Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. O que se percebe é que, no início, a entrada do novo coronavírus no Estado seguiu o mesmo ocorrido nos demais Estados, desembarcando de avião na capital e nas cidades que tinham maior conectividade com a Europa, principalmente com a Itália, que era o epicentro da pandemia mundial nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2020. No início, a pandemia no Estado se manteve em níveis baixos porque as medidas de isolamento social foram suficientes para achatar a curva de transmissão. Mas, logo veio o crescimento da curva e o número de casos cresceu, porque o isolamento social foi enfraquecido pelos decretos municipais que flexibilizavam a quarentena e abria o comércio, mandando as pessoas para a rua. O momento agora é de apreensão, com o número de casos e óbitos por Covid-19 crescendo na capital e nas cidades médias polos regionais. No memento, o novo coronavírus está viajando de ônibus e de carro, das cidades polos regionais para as pequenas cidades do interior. A intensificação da transmissão nessas cidades pode ser catastrófica, porque nelas só tem a atenção básica à saúde, conforme diretrizes do SUS e elas se valem do sistema hospitalar de atenção secundária e terciária das cidades médias, que já estão chegando no limite de sua capacidade de leitos de UTI. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a situação epidemiológica e a Covid-19 no Estado de Minas Gerais, considerando a sua difusão pela rede urbana do Estado, a partir das cidades polos regionais.
Gereja Yang Berpihak Pada Perempuan (Sebuah Eklesiologi Gereja Perspektif Feminis)
Authors: Natar Asnath Niwa
Published: July 2020

Diskriminasi terhadap perempuan dan orang­orang lemah tidak hanya terjadi dalam masyarakat, namun juga dalam gereja, yang notabene mengajarkan tentang kasih dan tanpa perbedaan. Diskriminasi itu nampak dalam teks­teks Alkitab dan ajaran gereja, yang termanifestasi dalam bahasa yang digunakan untuk Allah, liturgi (tata ibadah), kepemimpinan gereja dan eklesiologi (pemahaman) gereja. Ajaran­ajaran ini tidak hanya meminggirkan kaum perempuan, tetapi juga membuat kaum perempuan kurang diperhatikan bahkan tidak diijinkan untuk berperan dalam pelayanan gereja. Kondisi ini menyebabkan penderitaan, terutama bagi mereka yang mengalami penindasan dan ketidakadilan dari masyarakat, seperti pelacur, korban trafficking, orang-orang miskin dan lemah. Sehubungan dengan hal ini maka pemahaman eklesiologi berperspektif feminis perlu dibuat agar gereja bisa menjalankan perannya sebagaimana tujuan semula dibentuk, yaitu sebuah lembaga yang terbuka dan menyalurkan cinta kasih dan perhatian bagi semua orang.[Discrimination against women and weak people takes place not only in the community but also in the Church, which actually teaches about love and no distinction. Discrimination appears in the texts of the Bible and in the church’s teachings, which are manifested in the language used for God, the liturgy (etiquette of worship), the leadership of the Church and the ecclesiology (understanding) of the Church.These teachings not only marginalize women but also make women less recognized and even not allowed to have a role in the service of the Church. This condition causes suffering, especially for those who have experienced oppression and injustice in society, such as prostitutes, victims of trafficking, the poor and the weak. Therefore, an ecclesiology understanding based on feminist perspective needs to be developed. So, the Church can conduct its ordinary roles, such as an inclusive institution for spreading the love and care for everyone.]
Resistensi Perempuan dalam Prosa Indonesia
Authors: Harjito Harjito
Published: July 2020

Relasi perempuan dan lelaki dapat disebut tidak setara. Ketidaksetaraan menyebabkan adanya penindasan atau tindak kekerasan. Menyikapi hal tersebut, perempuan melakukan resistensi. Tulisan ini meneliti bagaimana resistensi perempuan yang terdapat dalam prosa Indonesia. Objek material penelitian berupa tiga prosa berbahasa Indonesia, yaitu Timun Mas dan Buto Ijo, “Timun Emas’, dan “Meja Makan yang Menggigil”. Ketiga teks bersubjek perempuan dan berlatar tempat Indonesia. Resistensi perempuan terhadap kekerasan berwujud tiga kategori, yaitu diam, mengulur waktu, dan membinasakan. Diam atau mengulur waktu dilakukan karena kekuatan fisik perempuan yang lebih terbatas dibandingkan lelaki. Resistensi yang berwujud tindakan membinasakan dilakukan manakala pelaku kekerasan mengancam nyawa perempuan atau keluarga. Dalam membinasakan, perempuan menggunakan alat bantu. Selain itu, di akhir kisah terdapat sikap religius yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya keyakinan terhadap Tuhan dan rasa syukur atas karunia Tuhan. Resistensi perempuan menunjukkan bahwa perempuan bukanlah makhluk yang tidak berdaya.[The relations between women and men can be considered unequal. Inequality has caused oppression or violence. In response to the situation, women take the act of resistance. This paper discusses the form of resistance the women have done in Indonesian prose. The material object of the research consists of three prose in the Indonesian language, ie.e. Timun Mas dan Buto Ijo, “Timun Emas”, and “Meja Makan yang Menggigil”. The three prose take the women as the subject of the text and take Indonesia as the social context. The women resistance toward the violence manifests in three categories: silent, stalling for time, and destroying. They did it because women have less physical strength as compared to men. The last form of resistance is taken when the oppressor threatens the life of the women and their family’s life. In addition, at the end of the story, women show the religious attitude as they believe in God and praise to Him for the blessing. The resistance implies that women are not a powerless creature.]
HIERARCHY OF HAPPINESS IN AL-SHA’RÂWÎ’S INTERPRETATION OF THE TERM AL-SURÛR FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ABRAHAM MASLOW
Authors: Halida Putri Alfia
Published: July 2020

Happiness is the foremost goal of humans’ in running their activities. Even the fulfillment of the most basic needs is motivated to achieve it. However, the measure of happiness becomes very difficult to determine. In this context, al-Qur'an guides by mentioning various redactions that have the meaning of happiness, such as al-surûr. Therefore, this study aims to find the happiness fulfillment model described in the Qur'an. This study uses the interpretation of al-Sha'rawi, to narrow the scope of meaning, which is considered more relevant to the context of modern society. This research uses a literature study method with data analysis techniques using the approach of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This research concludes that al-Sha’râwî interprets the word al-surûr as happiness in the world and the hereafter. In the world, happiness is achieved by enjoying sensory beauty, while in the afterlife, it will be achieved by behaving obediently in the world. The achievement of happiness is precisely obtained by fulfilling the needs following the hierarchy of happiness. At the early stage, happiness is achieved through theological belief. This belief will lead to sensory happiness in the world. At the uppermost stage, the peak of happiness can only be reached when humans meet their God.
Chciwość czy kultura chciwości? Dyskusje nad źródłami kryzysu finansowego
Authors: Sójka Jacek
Published: July 2020

Greed as an excessive desire for wealth returned as a popular catchword after the fall of Lehman Brothers in 2008. Because it was only the beginning of the global financial crisis, the notion of greed has been present in public discourse since that time. A legitimate question arises to what extent it could have really contributed to economic instability. But equally important are the questions of semantics. Of course, the notion of greed has its ancient roots and has been always present in religious writings and philosophical works, but today’s use of this notion requires an analysis. What do we mean when we say “greed”? What do we want to achieve (pragmatic aspect), and what are the motives of those writers who include greed into their diagnoses of economic downturns? The major claim of this article is that greed as an individual desire cannot be a proper explanation of the crisis. More important factors are the political and social mechanisms, esp. the role of the regulators of the mortgage industry in the US. Sociological analysis of that industry, which triggered thewhole crisis, shows that the crisis was not an example of the excess of the free market and deregulation but rather something created by the politicians. Paradoxically an analysis of the systemic social and political factors which had led to the crisis allow us to reflect on greed as a notion which is a part of the so-called culture of excess – characterized, among others, by the process of the “democratization of desires”.
Kulturowa rola uniwersytetu w kontekście kryzysu państwa dobrobytu
Authors: Kościelniak Cezary
Published: July 2020

The paper analyses how the changes of the welfare state meets the transformation of the higher education policy in the cultural perspective. Culture plays an important role in building the concept and practice of the Western welfare state institution, also the knowledge institutions. The idea of the contemporary university is suitable to the welfare expectations. On the one hand, the universities are expected to provide mass education and minimize the differences between social strata’s. On the other, after 50 years of the welfare regime in Western Europe, the state of the art universities and departments did not expand their accessibility to the students from lower social classes. What is more, in some cases, the access to is more difficult than before. The next part of the paper includes analyses of the Polish exception of the welfare state, based on the concept of the “post-grange culture” and its application to the higher education policy.
Homo energeticus. Jednostka – organizacja – kultura
Authors: Karczewski Leszek
Published: July 2020

At the beginning of the article, the author focuses his attention on general characteristics of the ideal and the real homo energeticus. Next, the author tries to show the relationship between homo energeticus and different homines: 1. homo teleologicus – the man pursuing his goals, 2. homo sociologicus – a man seeking to meet the needs of affiliation, entering into relationships with others, 3. homo politicus – a man as a social being. In the second part of the article, the author presents homo energeticus in the organization. He discusses pro- and anti-effective organizational cultures (positive and negative cultures), then discusses a human capital model and a sieve model of HRM and their impact on the mental costs incurred by workers in their work environment. There is also indicated the cognitive potential inherent in the typologies of national cultures, such as the typology of G. Hofstede, in relation to the concept of homo energeticus. The author concludes his article with the view that there is a need for further study of the issue and draws a real possibility of integrating this concept in education, particularly to philosophical, ethical, praxiological and business ethics educations. According to the author, the inclusion of the concept into education would contribute to greater reflectivity of individuals in their personal lives, would contribute to more creativeness of employees in organizations, and also contribute to building civil society and the realization of sustainable development.
Stosunki pracy w wielkopolskich majątkach ziemskich w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Janicki Tadeusz
Published: July 2020

In the period between the two world wars large landowners in the Wielkopolska region employed the largest number of hired labourers in the area. The main subject of this article is the professional and personal relations between land estate owners and the two main groups of hired workers (the economic administration staff and the farm workers). The labour relations in Wielkopolska’s land estates were based on a strictly observed hierarchy and division of duties. In interpersonal relations we may notice some patriarchal and technocratic elements. In the case of the former, they were mainly inspired by the landowners (or, in a wider sense, by the residents of the manor house), while the technocratic elements were contributed mainly by the administration staff. The labour relations on land estates were slowly evolving under the influence of legal regulations and were additionally shaped by the economic and cultural developments. The impact of this process on the actual organization of labour was rather limited. It was much more evident in the change of relations between people, which evolved mainly under the influence of the process of change in the consciousness of agricultural workers to replace traditional relations, based on patriarchal ones and manoralism or serfdom-based relations, into professional and contract-based labour relations. However, the trends to modernise the land estates during the 1920s, both in the sphere of technology and social relations, became impeded by the impact of the economic crisis of the 1930s which led again to further consolidation of the patriarchal employer-employee model of relations.
Różnorodność cechą współczesnego świata
Authors: Zawadzka-Bartnik Elżbieta
Published: July 2020

This paper deals with cultural, ethnic, religious, physical and mental diversi-ty as well with different preferences of value systems, lifestyles, etc. domi-nating in contemporary societies and presents the resulting educational im-plications. Because of the specificity of social perception, every single case of variation/strangeness triggers off the process of stigmatization/labelling, manifesting itself in intolerant, discriminating or even hostile behaviour. The paper indicates the negative influence of the so-called „hidden pro-gramme” of the school and emphasizes the need for increased educational efforts aimed at the formation of tolerant attitudes among students.
Proyecto VALIDA: Validation of ALlergy In vitro Diagnostics Assays (Herramientas y recomendaciones para la valoración de las pruebas in vitro en el diagnóstico de la alergia)
Authors: Casas María L. , Esteban Ángel , González-Muñoz Miguel , Labrador-Horrillo Moisés , Pascal Mariona , Teniente-Serra Aina
Published: July 2020

En la evaluación del paciente con sospecha de alergia las pruebas de detección y cuantificación de la inmunoglobulina E (IgE) específica in vitro se usan de manera habitual en los laboratorios clínicos para ayudar en el diagnóstico de la alergia. Actualmente existen diferentes alternativas comerciales para realizar estos ensayos, pero los resultados obtenidos por cada uno de ellos pueden variar, lo que condiciona el diagnóstico y el tratamiento que se le proporcionará al paciente. Con el fin de dar respuesta a los retos planteados por las diferencias entre las distintas técnicas para la determinación in vitro de la IgE específica, un grupo de expertos ha recogido en un documento una serie de recomendaciones sobre las implicaciones que puede tener el uso de una determinada técnica in vitro y el impacto en el manejo del paciente alérgico que suponen las diferencias entre las distintas técnicas. La lectura y el análisis de este documento de consenso ayudarán a entender las implicaciones que tiene el cambio de método de diagnóstico in vitro en el manejo del paciente con alergia, en su calidad de vida y en los costes socioeconómicos asociados a la enfermedad.
Sparse-FCM and Deep Convolutional Neural Network for the segmentation and classification of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Praveena Segu , Singh Sohan Pal
Published: July 2020

Leukaemia detection and diagnosis in advance is the trending topic in the medical applications for reducing the death toll of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). For the detection of ALL, it is essential to analyse the white blood cells (WBCs) for which the blood smear images are employed. This paper proposes a new technique for the segmentation and classification of the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The proposed method of automatic leukaemia detection is based on the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (Deep CNN) that is trained using an optimization algorithm, named Grey wolf-based Jaya Optimization Algorithm (GreyJOA), which is developed using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Jaya Optimization Algorithm (JOA) that improves the global convergence. Initially, the input image is applied to pre-processing and the segmentation is performed using the Sparse Fuzzy C-Means (Sparse FCM) clustering algorithm. Then, the features, such as Local Directional Patterns (LDP) and colour histogram-based features, are extracted from the segments of the pre-processed input image. Finally, the extracted features are applied to the Deep CNN for the classification. The experimentation evaluation of the method using the images of the ALL IDB2 database reveals that the proposed method acquired a maximal accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.9350, 0.9528, and 0.9389, respectively.
Mangrove community response to subsidence inflicted sea level change in Car Nicobar Island, India
Authors: Prabakaran Nehru
Published: July 2020

The inter-specific resilience among mangrove species to sea level rise (SLR) is a key to design conservation strategies for this economically important ecosystem that is among the most vulnerable to SLR. Tectonic processes can cause sudden increases or drops in sea level due to subsidence or uplift of the land surface, which can also provide insights for the mangrove community responses to rapid sea level change. This study aimed to investigate the responses of mangrove species to rapid SLR caused by land subsidence of 1.1 m during the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake at Car Nicobar Island. The Rhizophora spp. showed remarkable resilience to this rapid SLR, while the landward mangrove vegetation comprising Bruguiera spp., Lumnitzera spp., Sonneratia spp. etc., were unable to survive. Also, Rhizophora spp. establishment in the previous landward mangrove zones was more rapid than the landward mangrove species establishment in the previous terrestrial zones. The observed resilience of Rhizophora spp. may be due to the local specific geological legacy and species-specific ecological processes. However, further studies focusing on microcosm experiments to understand the Rhizophora spp. resilience to rapid SLR at the study site is required to strengthen these observations.
The CRESS checklist for reporting stability studies: on behalf of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE)
Authors: Cornes Michael , Simundic Ana-Maria , Cadamuro Janne , Costelloe Seán J. , Baird Geoffrey , Kristensen Gunn B. B. , von Meyer Alexander , Nybo Mads , Gómez Rioja Rubén ,   on behalf of the Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM)
Published: July 2020

To ensure that clinical laboratories produce results that are both accurate and of clinical utility it is essential that only samples of adequate quality are analysed. Although various studies and databases assessing the stability of analytes in different settings do exist, guidance on how to perform and report stability studies is lacking. This results in studies that often do not report essential information, thus compromising transferability of the data. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the
C
hecklist for
R
eporting
S
tability
S
tudies (CRESS) against which future studies should be reported to ensure standardisation of reporting and easy assessment of transferability of studies to other healthcare settings. The EFLM WG-PRE (European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase) produced the CRESS checklist following a detailed literature review and extensive discussions resulting in consensus agreement. The checklist consists of 20 items covering all the aspects that should be considered when producing a report on a stability study including details of what should be included for each item and a rationale as to why. Adherence to the CRESS checklist will ensure that studies are reported in a transparent and replicable way. This will allow other laboratories to assess whether published data meet the stability criteria required in their own particular healthcare scenario. The EFLM WG-PRE encourage researchers and authors to use the CRESS checklist as a guide to planning stability studies and to produce standardised reporting of future stability studies.
A Wafer Bin Map “Relaxed” Clustering Algorithm for Improving Semiconductor Production Yield
Authors: Gallo Crescenzio , Capozzi Vito
Published: July 2020

The semiconductor manufacturing process involves long and complex activities, with intensive use of resources. Producers compete through the introduction of new technologies for increasing yield and reducing costs. So, yield improvement is becoming increasingly important since advanced production technologies are complex and interrelated. In particular, Wafer Bin Maps (WBMs) presenting specific fault models provide crucial information to keep track of process problems in semiconductor manufacturing. Production control is often based on the “judgement” of expert engineers who, however, carry out the analysis of map templates through simple visual exploration. In this way, existing studies are subjective, time consuming, and are also limited by the capacity of human recognition. This study proposes a network-based data mining approach, which integrates correlation graphs with clustering analysis to quickly extract patterns from WBMs and then bind them to manufacturing defects. An empirical study has been conducted on real production data for validating the proposed clustering algorithm, which showed a perfect correspondence between the malfunction patterns found by the algorithm and those discovered by human experts, so confirming the validity of our approach in its ability of correctly identifying actual defective patterns to help improving production yield.
Numerical investigation of heat and mass transfer during hydrogen sorption in a mixture of AB2 – AB5 metal hydride for hydrogen storage
Authors: Moropeng Mapula Lucey , Kolesnikov Andrei , Lototskyy Mykhaylo , Mavhungu Avhafunani
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the investigation of a two dimensional coupled model of heat and mass transfer in a mixture of AB2 – AB5 metal hydride (MH) systems of a cylindrical configuration during hydrogen sorption using COMSOL 5.3a commercial software. The parametric study on the sorption process has been studied with variation of heat transfer coefficient (HTC), and activation energy (AE) to understand the effects they have on the reaction kinetics of the sorption process. The simulation results demonstrate the importance of mutual dependence between the temperature propagation in the body of metal hydride, the absorbed concentration of the hydrogen gas, and the gas pressure for the absorption of hydrogen gas in metal hydrides. The decrease in the activation energy is found to have significant effect on the dynamic performances of hydrogen absorption in the MH reactors with an increased amount of hydrogen conversion, whilst the variation of heat transfer coefficient displayed insignificant change in hydrogen conversion. The simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results obtained from HYSA Systems and were implemented for use in the STILL RX60-30L electric forklift fuel cell applications designed by HYSA Systems in the University of the Western Cape.
A low profile miniaturized circular microstrip patch antenna for dual-band application
Authors: Shaw Murari , Mandal Niranjan , Gangopadhyay Malay
Published: July 2020

A low profile Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna (CMPA) with radius 5 mm has been designed to generate two resonant frequency bands that can be used for WLAN 5.2 (5.15–5.25) GHz, Wi-Fi (5.725–5.850) GHz and Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) (5.85–5.925) GHz application bands. The designed antenna has been slitted with two slits and a stub has also been attached resulting in an additional resonant band alongside the primary resonant band. Also, primary resonant frequency shifted from 7.22 GHz to 5.87 GHz yielding about 18.7% antenna miniaturization. Frequency bands generated by the designed antenna are (5.15–5.25) GHz and (5.71–6.01) GHz having peak gain 2.3 and 4.9 dB with broadside radiation pattern. A square shape FR4 substrate having dimension 32 × 32 × 3.2 mm3 and very thin copper sheet for radiating patch and ground has been used in the proposed antenna, which can fulfill the requirement of smaller antenna with dual band application. Simulation software HFSS ver.13 has been used to design and analyze the proposed antenna. Very good matching has been obtained between simulated and measured results.
Effect of high pressure processing on the microstructure, myofibrillar protein oxidation, and volatile compounds of sauce lamb tripe
Authors: Hou Ran , Liu Yangming , Li Wenhui , Zhao Wei , Wang Chunyan , Li Yingbiao , Yan Qingqing , Zhu Weichao , Dong Juan
Published: July 2020

In this study, sauce lamb tripe was used as the research object. High pressure processing (HPP) was carried out at 100, 250, and 400 MPa, with holding times of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min at 25 °C, respectively. The effects of HPP on the microstructure and volatile compound content of sauce lamb tripe and the properties of myofibrillar protein were studied. The degree of protein oxidation was most significant at 400 MPa for 25 min. The secondary structure of myofibrillar protein became unstable and the microstructure of the sauce lamb tripe became loose at 400 MPa. The retention of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones was maximum at 250 MPa for 15 min, and the flavor-contributing compound (3-Hydroxy-2-butanone) was also retained by 11.9% on ketones at 250 MPa for 15 min. The results showed that myofibrillar protein was appropriately oxidized; the sauce lamb tripe had better microstructure and several representative volatile compounds after HPP. Therefore, better processing conditions for sauce lamb tripe were 250 MPa for 15 min.
Application of Weissella cibaria X31 or Weissella confusa L2 as a starter in low nitrite dry-fermented sausages
Authors: Liu Xuejun , Qu Hongye , Gou Mengxing , Guo Hongyue , Wang Liyan , Yan Xiaohui
Published: July 2020

Effects of Weissella strains (Weissella cibaria X31 or Weissella confusa L2) as starters on the physicochemical, volatile, proteolytic, microbiological, and sensory properties of low-nitrite dry-fermented sausages were evaluated for 20 d. Results showed that the addition of 8 log CFU/g of Weissella strains increased the redness, hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness, but decreased the pH, water activity, and nitrite content of sausages during processing. Morover, Weissella strains inhibited the growth of Salmonella enterica. Weissella strains also could hydrolyze myofibrillar proteins in sausages. The sausage inoculated with W. confusa L2 was more abundant in ester compared with the control. Sausages inoculated with W. cibaria X31 and W. confusa L2 and sodium nitrite (0.05 g) had more desirable characteristics, compared with other groups. W. cibaria X31 and W. confusa L2 show potential as multifunctional starters in low-nitrite fermented sausage, which is uniqueness and addressed the gap of Weissella in low nitrite sausages. This study is distinct in that Weissella strains were found to improve the redness of dry-fermented sausages and was effective at partly replacing nitrite in dry-fermented sausages, addressing the research gap regarding the application of Weissella in low-nitrite sausages.
Cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of methanolic extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) stem bark on acute gastric ulcer in rats
Authors: Matah Marthe Vanessa Mba , Ateufack Gilbert , Mbiantcha Marius , Nana William Yousseu , Atsamo Albert Donatien , Adjouzem Flore Carine , Djuichou Nguemnang Flore Stephanie , Tsafack Gonzal Eric , Tadjoua Herve Tchoumbou , Emakoua Joseph
Published: July 2020

Objectives

In African traditional medicine, Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) is used to treat many diseases including gastric ulcers. We evaluated in this study, the cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of this plant using different technics of gastric lesion induction.

Methods

Cytoprotective and antisecretory activity of the methanolic extract of D. benthamianus stem bark was evolved through six methods of gastric lesion induction in experimental Wistar male rats (150–200 g): (1) gastric lesions induced by HCl/ethanol, (2) gastric lesions induced by Indomethacin- HCl/ethanol, (3) gastric lesion induced by Indomethacin, (4) gastric lesions induced by Pylorus ligation, (5) gastric lesions induced by histamine-Pylorus ligation, (6) gastric lesions induced by carbachol-Pylorus ligation. Mucus and gastric mucosal ulceration were evaluated. pH, gastric volume, and acidity were quantified in all pylorus ligation induction technics. Nitric oxide (NO) level was determined in indomethacin induced gastric ulcers.

Results

At different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg), extract reduced significantly the ulcer index. In all models used, that is 100.00% with HCl/ethanol; 100.00% with HCl/ethanol/indomethacin; 95.70% with Indomethacin; 74.79% with pylorus ligation, 95.94% histamine-Pylorus ligation, 99.54% carbachol-Pylorus ligation at the highest dose of 500 mg/kg. The lesion formation reduces in all the methods used followed by a significant increase of mucus production. The pylorus ligation technic revealed that the extract has an antisecretory activity.

Conclusions

The methanolic extract of D. benthamianus stem bark has both cytoprotective and antisecretory effects. This extract exerts its antisecretory effect trough cholinergic and histaminergic pathways.
Discriminatively trained continuous Hindi speech recognition using integrated acoustic features and recurrent neural network language modeling
Authors: Kumar A. , Aggarwal R.K.
Published: July 2020

This paper implements the continuous Hindi Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system using the proposed integrated features vector with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based Language Modeling (LM). The proposed system also implements the speaker adaptation using Maximum-Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) and Constrained Maximum likelihood Linear Regression (C-MLLR). This system is discriminatively trained by Maximum Mutual Information (MMI) and Minimum Phone Error (MPE) techniques with 256 Gaussian mixture per Hidden Markov Model(HMM) state. The training of the baseline system has been done using a phonetically rich Hindi dataset. The results show that discriminative training enhances the baseline system performance by up to 3%. Further improvement of ~7% has been recorded by applying RNN LM. The proposed Hindi ASR system shows significant performance improvement over other current state-of-the-art techniques.
High-speed signal processing and wide band optical semiconductor amplifier in the optical communication systems
Authors: El-Hageen Hazem M. , Alatwi Aadel M. , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih
Published: July 2020

This work clarifies the analysis of the theoretical study of noise and transmission gain characteristics of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), which are relevant in the novel local area optical communication systems. We investigated the effects of noise on AlGaAs/GaAs SOA transmission performance through the measurement of output power, optical gain, the optical signal-to-noise ratio, and noise figure. It was observed that noise has a dramatic effect on SOAs’ operation transmission efficiency, and the performance of the amplifier structure may be limited. If the drive current and injection power at the SOA can be changed and its active region length modified, then the variation of gain, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and noise figure at the output of the structure can be obtained.
Pregnancy, oral health and dental education: an overview on the northeast of Italy
Authors: Costantinides Fulvia , Vettori Erica , Conte Martina , Tonni Ingrid , Nicolin Vanessa , Ricci Giuseppe , Di Lenarda Roberto
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the level of knowledge of pregnant women and puerpers about oral health and prevention during and after gestation.

Methods

One hundred women aged 18–49 years (mean age 33±6 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. An anonymous questionnaire with 24 items related to oral health has been administered during or just after pregnancy. Firstly, answers have been analyzed on the full population and then subdividing the sample on the base of age ranges (G1: 18–25 years, G2: 26–35 years and G3: >35 years) and number of pregnancies (FP: first pregnancy; SP: second or more pregnancies). Parametric tests have been chosen for the statistical analysis; in particular, Anova test for independent samples was used to evaluate differences of baseline demographic characteristics among subgroups G1, G2, G3 while chi-square test was used for FP and SP subgroups. Anova test was also used to intercept differences on answers given to the questionnaire among G1, G2 and G3 group; for FP and SP group was used t-test.

Results

Level of information and knowledge of the full sample was medium-low and no significant differences have been observed between groups regarding awareness of the own level of the oral hygiene and knowledge of oral care.

Conclusions

Results of this survey underline the high necessity of educational programs regarding oral care in pregnant and puerpers women. A strict collaboration between medical figures (dentist, oral hygienist, gynecologist and obstetric) is strongly encouraged to spread the concept of prevention.
Comparison of image quality in brain MRI with and without MR compatible incubator and predictive value of brain MRI at expected delivery date in preterm babies
Authors: Müller Franziska , Proquitté Hans , Herrmann Karl-Heinz , Lehmann Thomas , Mentzel Hans-Joachim
Published: July 2020

Objectives

MR compatible incubators (MRcI) offer the examination of preterm and critically ill infants in controlled environment. The aim of the study was to compare objective and subjective image quality as well as diagnostic value of MRI brain examinations with and without using the MRcI. Thus, predictive value of brain MRI at expected delivery date in general was investigated.

Methods

This retrospective study included MRI brain examinations conducted at patients’ corrected age ≤6 months and presence of four standard sequences (PD TSE transversal, T2 TSE transversal, T2 TSE sagittal and T1 SE transversal). Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) was calculated. Subjective image quality was estimated using a 5-point Likert scale. Findings of MRI were compared with those of previous transfontanellar ultrasound because of additional diagnostic information. Severe brain abnormality scaled by score of Kidokoro was related to results of Munich Functional Developmental Diagnostics (MFDD) within first year.

Results

One hundred MRI brain examinations (76 with MRcI, 24 without MRcI) were performed in 79 patients. Using the MRcI SNR and CNR were significantly higher in PD- and in T2-weighted sequences (p<0.05). TSE PD transversal demonstrated a higher risk of non-diagnostic quality using MRcI (OR 5.23; 95%-CI 1.86–14.72). MRcI revealed additional diagnostic information (OR 5.69; 95%-CI 1.15–28.24). Severe brain abnormality was associated with walking deficits (r=0.570; p=0.021).

Conclusions

The MRcI increased objective image quality and revealed additional diagnostic information to transfontanellar ultrasound. Nevertheless, prediction of infants' future development remains limited.