bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Основы использования метода расстояний в исследованиях экономического пространства региона
Authors: Гетманцев Константин Владимирович
Published: December 2020

Цель: дать развернутую характеристику метода расстояний как инструмента экономического анализа регионального пространства и оценить его перспективность при проведении региональных экономических исследований. Обсуждение: в процессе исследования использованы официальные статистические данные о состоянии показателей социальной и экономической подсистем территорий региона и их дифференциации в экономическом пространстве региона. Для обработки данных использованы методы сравнительного, структурно-логического, покомпонентного анализа. Результаты: на основе изучения метода расстояний и его апробации для целей регионального экономического анализа дано развернутое обоснование перспективности использования данного метода для исследования экономического пространства региона. Выделены группы факторов, определяющих локальные условия развития экономического пространства региона. Описано влияние различных групп внутрирегиональных факторов на процессы трансформации экономического пространства. Метод расстояний как метод экономического анализа может быть применен при исследованиях экономического пространства региона. Особенностью метода расстояний является возможность изучения разнокачественных групп показателей, характеризующих сложные процессы формирования и развития экономического пространства региона, определения общих и локальных условий экономического развития, диагностики современного состояния и вектора развития экономического пространства региона.
Ensino Embasado na Estrutura Conceitual: a escolha da metodologia ativa para aplicação de casos para ensino importa?
Authors: De Abreu Pontes Gleison , Cardoso Fonseca Kellma Bianca , Caruline Fernandes Ariane , De Souza Costa Patrícia
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Identificar quais competências são desenvolvidas na aplicação de casos para ensino com a utilização de técnicas de ensino diferentes, à luz do Ensino Embasado na Estrutura Conceitual (EEEC) e da Taxonomia de Bloom.

Método: Foram testadas três técnicas de ensino: Grupo de Verbalização e de Observação (GVGO), Júri Simulado e Problem-Based Learning (PBL). A percepção dos discentes foi coletada por meio de questionário e grupo focal.

Resultados: Na percepção dos estudantes, o emprego das técnicas, desenvolveu habilidades e competências distintas. Assim, a escolha da metodologia para aplicação de casos deve estar alinhada com os objetivos educacionais estabelecidos pelo docente. Além disso, apesar de terem sido desenvolvidas competências de todos os estágios do EEEC, GVGO e PBL desenvolveram mais aquelas do estágio 3, enquanto o Júri Simulado aquelas do estágio 2.

Contribuições: Os resultados podem ser úteis para o International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) ir além do desenvolvimento de casos para ensino no EEEC, incorporando na agenda reflexões sobre quais metodologias utilizar na aplicação desses materiais no instituto de alcançar o objetivo aplicação coerente das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Essas reflexões também podem ser realizadas por pesquisadores e docentes a fim de contribuírem com o EEEC.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS COERCITIVA E HABILITANTE DO ORÇAMENTO NO EMPODERAMENTO E NA CRIATIVIDADE
Authors: Silva Thiago Bruno de Jesus , Dal Magro Cristian Baú , SOUZA LUCIANA GONCALVES DE , MONTEIRO JANUARIO JOSE
Published: December 2020

ResumoObjetivo: Analisar a influência das características coercitiva e habilitante do orçamento no empoderamento e na criatividade dos gestores. Método: Efetuou-se uma survey com 100 respostas válidas de gestores pertencentes a Associação das Empresas Brasileiras de Tecnologia da Informação – ASSESPRO. Os dados foram analisados a partir da modelagem de equações estruturais, com uso do Partial Least Squere (PLS). Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que as características coercitivas do orçamento aumentam a criatividade dos gestores de empresas tecnológicas. De outro lado, percebeu-se que as influências das características habilitantes do orçamento na criatividade foram significativas e maiores do que das características coercitivas. Em relação ao teste de mediação, verificou-se que empoderamento não mediou a relação entre as caraterísticas coercitivas do orçamento (planejamento) e a criatividade, mas o empoderamento mediou parcialmente a relação entre as caraterísticas habilitantes do orçamento (diálogo) e a criatividade. Contribuições: Esta investigação contribui ao campo teórico ao demonstrar que o orçamento empresarial oferece possibilidade de ser percebido de duas formas distintas, o que pode contribuir para o sentimento de empoderamento e a criatividade dos funcionários, facilitando o consumo de recursos de maneira sustentável e inovadora pelas iniciativas criativas dos funcionários.Palavras-chave: Controle Coercitivo, Controle Habilitante, Utilidade do Orçamento. Empoderamento, Criatividade.
Pentágono da qualidade na publicação acadêmica
Authors: Frezatti Fábio
Published: December 2020

.
Rancang-Bangun Prototipe Sistem Kontrol Berbasis Programmable Logic Controller untuk Pengoperasian Miniatur Penyortiran Material
Authors: Goeritno Arief , Pratama Surya
Published: December 2020

A miniature sorting of material quality has been made, aided by a prototype of the controller system based on the Mitsubishi FX1N-24MR Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). A number of stages include the manufacture of the conveyor system unit, the electrical system, PLC programming, and performance measurement. The conveyor unit assembling was processed by installing the conveyor belt, dc motor, pneumatic cylinder, solenoid valve, and sensors. The electrical system is an integration of the Mitsubishi FX1N-24MR PLC, switched-mode power supply, miniature circuit breaker (MCB), dc voltage regulator circuit, relays, digital counters, pushbuttons, and selector switches arranged in a 20 x 30 x 15 cm panel box. Mitsubishi PLC system programming is based on algorithmic determination and ladder diagram arrangement assisted by GX Developer (GX Work). Performance measurement in the form of pulse readings is carried out by setting and manufacturing ladder counters and shift registers to count the number of pulses for each material and the accuracy of sorting when the material is detected simultaneously. The system performance is indicated by pulse reading accuracy and sorting timing accuracy. The reading of the pulse from the proximity switch affects the counter calculation to activate the pneumatic cylinder unit in sorting. Sorting for material-A takes 11 pulses, while for material-B, it takes 19 pulses. The synchronization measurement functions when an error occurs in the system in order to maintain the input received is the same as the output in the PLC-based control system.
Questionnaire for Assessing the Self-Change Potential of a Person
Authors: Manukyan V.R. , Murtazina I.R. , Grishina N.V.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the development of the Self-Change Potential questionnaire. The validation of the questionnaire was conducted in three steps. Within the first series of studies (N=248) the structure of the questionnaire was defined, the consistency of the resulting scales was checked and certain items were corrected. The construct validity of the modified version of the questionnaire was tested within the second series of studies (N=569). At the final stage (N=36) test-retest reliability was checked. The obtained Cronbach’s α coefficients (0,64—0,8) for all scales of the questionnaire and the sum score demonstrated its satisfactory consistency. All items had significant correlations with the sum score (р<0,0001). To test the construct validity we used the Change Response Styles Questionnaire, the Portrait Value Questionnaire (revised version), the Style of Conscious Self-Regulation of the Behavior Questionnaire, and the Self-Efficacy Scale. Correlations with these measures confirmed the construct validity of the questionnaire. The Self-Change Potential Questionnaire can be used for assessing a person’s ability for self-changes on the various levels of mental organization, which could be consciously initiated and actualized.
Validating Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity and Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scales in the Russian Sample
Authors: Razvaliaeva A.Y. , Polskaya N.A.
Published: December 2020

We present the results of validating Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (Lundgren et al., 2004) and Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale (Park, 2007) on the Russian sample. These scales operationalize factors of interpersonal vulnerability to body dissatisfaction as a result of internalizing the notions of the ideal body transmitted by parents, peers and mass media. The sample included 760 respondents aged 16—48, 687 female (Mage=24, Med=22, SD=6.75) and 73 male (Mage=23.2, Med=22, SD=5.58). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that either scale had a single latent factor, both showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α for FNAE — α=0.91; ARS — α=0.93) and test-retest reliability (for FNAE — rs=0.89; for ARS —0.93; p<0,001). FNAE showed age differences, reaching the highest scores in the youngest group (aged 16—20). Convergent and discriminant validity of the scales was confirmed; they were positively related to attachment-related anxiety and disturbances in body image and eating behavior, and correlated negatively with self-esteem. Both scales had a positive impact on body image disturbances and drive for thinness. Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale and Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale can be used in studies broadly related to body dissatisfaction.
SESSION OF THE OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN KIEV. No. 87. Annual (tenth) meeting on December 9, 1896
Authors: Rein G. E.
Published: December 2020

Attended by: D. A. Abuladze, A. E. Gausman, Yu. A. Gizhytsky, V. N. Gogotsky, V. V. Glasek, L. L. Dashkevich, O. S. Kadygrobov K. K. Kegler, V. L. Lozinskiy, H. K. Neyolov, P. T. Neishtube, G. F. Pisemskiy, H. N. Podrazan, A. V. Protodyakonov, A. A. Redlikh, S. A. Tulub, N. V Untilov and A. P. Yakhontov.
A case of an arbitrary rupture of a pregnant uterus along a scar left after a caesarian section
Authors: Weber F.
Published: December 2020

Spontaneous rupture of a pregnant uterus is one of the greatest rarities. The reasons are usually congenital easy rupture of the uterine tissue or significant thinning of its walls. More often, ruptures of the pregnant uterus occur, since it presents extensive scars from previously former ruptures or from a caesarian section.
Differential diagnosis of the uterine septum: problems and solutions
Authors: Kazantseva Ekaterina V. , Shelayeva Elizaveta V. , Rusina Elena I.
Published: December 2020

The article presents literature data on the peculiarities of diagnosing different types of uterine abnormalities. The main topic of the publication is the role and effectiveness of three-dimensional ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of the uterine septum.
Experience in surgical correction of genital prolapse caused by abdominoperineal operations for colon cancer in anamnesis
Authors: Plekhanov Andrey N. , Bezhenar Vitaly F. , Karachun Alexey M. , Bezhenar Fyodor V. , Tsypurdeyeva Anna A. , Epifanova Tatyana A.
Published: December 2020

In recent studies, it has been established that extralevator abdominoperineal extirpation (ELAPE) of the rectum can improve the oncological results of treatment of distal rectal cancer compared to standard abdominoperineal extirpation. As a result of extralevator dissection, a large defect of the perineum is formed, which requires plastic closure. While performing ELAPE, the structures that form the pelvic diaphragm are affected. This increases the risk of pelvic organ prolapse in women and significantly affects the quality of life of these patients, which requires subsequent surgical treatment. Despite the fact that pelvic organ prolapse develops as a consequence of previous surgical treatment by an oncologist, they do not consider it as a complication in the long-term postoperative period. Such patients are not referred to the operating gynecologist. Currently, this problem is poorly understood and there are no standardized approaches to the surgical treatment of pelvic prolapse in this category of patients.
PROTOCOL No. 5.
Session on May 4, 1895.
Authors: Ott D. O.
Published: December 2020

Attended by: honorary member K.F. Slavyanskiy, 32 members: Vertsinskiy, Viridarskiy, Grinev, Dolinskiy, Dranitsyn, Zamshin, Kakushkin, Lichkus, Mazurkevich, Massen, Matsevskiy, Radievich, Misevich, Pietskiykovych, R. Rutkovskiy, Rkmsha, Savchenko, Sadovskiy, Salmanov, Serezhnikov, Sitsinskiy, Stelmakhovich, Stravinskiy, Stroganov, Tereshchenko, Ulrikh, Fisher, A.R., Shverdlov, Stolts, Schuttenbakh and 20 guests.
A. A. Novitskiy. - The scope of the operative treatment of the folds of the uterus back with sewing to the anterior fornix. - (Duct, late Imperial Caucasian Med. General, May 2, 1895, p. 34).
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: December 2020

2 cases are described. In the first, in a 27-year-old woman, the mobile uterus was sewn to the anterior fornix according to Mackenrodt. On the third day, the uterus returned to its previous position. In the second case, in a 29-year-old woman, the uterus, which is less mobile, was sewn to the anterior fornix using the same method, and during the operation it was held in the position given to it by a lead strongly curved bougie. The result was excellent.
New Hosts and Spread Areas of Invasive Species Nysius cymoides (Spinola, 1837) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) in Crop Plants in Turkey
Authors: YAZICI Gülten
Published: December 2020

In this study the outbreak of the false chinch bug Nysius cymoides (Spinola, 1837) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) was discussed in cultivated plants, in Adana, Adıyaman, Ankara, Aksaray, Çorum, Denizli, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Erzincan, Eskişehir, Hatay, İstanbul, Karaman, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Konya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Şanlıurfa, Şırnak, Tekirdağ, Tokat, Yalova and Yozgat provinces during summer of 2018-2019. The geographic location and climatic conditions of these provinces are very different. Therefore, studied pest can adapt to different climate conditions. In 2019, the massive presence of this pest caused several damage to crops such as lack of plant development, dead spots on the leaves even the death of plants. Pest outbreaks occur in drought and warm periods; they can be related to ground wastes and depend on the previous crop for other species of the same genus. Due to the highest host diversity, it can rapidly spread to new areas. A specific Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program is so suggested for the related pest.
Handling Instance Spanning Constraints in Compliance Management
Authors:   Bangladesh Bank, Amin Ruhul
Published: December 2020

Instance spanning constraints refers to instruments to establish controls during multiple instances in or several processes. Many business entities crave an established ISC support system. Take, for instance, the bundling and unbundling of cargo from various logistics processes or the dependence of various examinations in medical treatment systems. During such systems, non-compliance with the ISC would lead to immense consequences and penalties, which can be fatal if it occurs in the medical field. ISC can also occur from process execution logs. Business execution store execution information for the process instance and, consequently, the characteristics of the execution logs. Discovering ISC early enough helps in supporting ISC design and execution. The purpose of this study is to contribute towards the categorization of the ISC and hence contribute to the digitalized ISC and its compliance management.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Waste Management and Recycling
Authors: Ahmed Alim Al Ayub , Asadullah ABM
Published: December 2020

Waste management is one of the biggest problems facing the world in any developed or developing country. An important aspect of waste management is that the waste bin in the open space is properly filled before the next cleaning process begins. This can eventually lead to various hazards such as dirt and bad odor in the area, which can lead to the spread of various diseases. Population growth has significantly reduced toilets through the waste management system. Laying garbage in public places creates a polluted environment. To eliminate or reduce waste and maintain good hygiene, it requires a waste-based waste management system. The need for proper waste management is not limited to proper collection and disposal of waste. It continues to be a waste disposal and recyclable level. Recycling is considered a major benefit because in addition to waste disposal, our reliance on immature materials is declining. By recycling metal, plastic and glass, the use of decomposing waste can extend beyond compost and manure. Metals can be reused and plastic can be mixed with clay filler, which can lead to soil compaction. After deep cleaning the glass construction material can be broken down and re-melted into new articles. This article is about machine learning and the use of artificial intelligence in the most viable areas and understanding the full need for human communication.
Entre la redención y la ruta de la inclusión. Intervenciones tratamentales de actores no estatales en cárceles bonaerenses
Authors: Lombraña Andrea Natalia , Ojeda Natalia Soledad , Di Próspero Carolina Emilia , Pepe María Belén
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to think on the relationship between state and non-state actors in the prisons of the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) by means of an analysis of the intervention of two civil society organizations: La Fundación (The Foundation) and La Red (The Network), whose proposals are linked to sport, education, religion, and work. We identified how wide action repertoires are disputed and operate beyond the formality of the state, while paying attention to rupture and negotiation places. From this perspective, we approach the field under study as a margin, while questioning a state-centered vision of the social order to address the practices and discourses linked to the design and control of treatment proposals aimed at the re-socialization of detainees.
Detection of Consumer Preferences Using EEG Signals
Authors: Ceylan Burak , Tüzün Serkan , Akan Aydın
Published: December 2020

In this study, a liking estimation system based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is developed for neuromarketing applications. The determination of the degree of appreciation of a product by consumers has become an important research topic using machine learning methods. Biological data is recorded while viewing product pictures or videos, then processed by signal processing methods. In this study, 32 channel EEG signals are recorded from subjects who watched two different car advertisement videos and the liking status is determined. After watching the advertisement videos, the participants were asked to vote for the rating of the different images (front view, dashboard, side view, rear view, taillight, logo and grille) of the products. The signals corresponding to these different video regions from the EEG recordings were segmented and analyzed by the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). The statistical features were extracted from Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) and the liking status classifications were performed. The classification performance of EMD- and EEMD-based methods are 93.4% and 97.8% respectively on Brand1, and 93.5% and 97.4% respectively on Brand2. In addition, the classification accuracy on both brands combined are 85.1% and 85.7% respectively. The promising results obtained using Support Vector Machines (SVM) show that the proposed EEG-based method may be used in neuromarketing studies.
Drug interactions of oral anticoagulants
Authors: Anil Gayathri , Muraleedharan Pradhyumna , Faruqui Atiya Rehman
Published: December 2020

Background: Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are the drugs of choice where long-term anticoagulation is needed due to convenience of dosing. But their use has potential for several drug interactions. Monitoring for potential interactions with timely management will decrease the risk of complications of anticoagulation.Methods: We aimed to assess the presence of potential drug-drug interactions in patients on oral anticoagulants for various indications. Prescriptions of a cohort of patients on oral anticoagulants were analyzed. Potential drug interactions were identified using free software available at www.drugs.com and classified into major, moderate and minor types.Results: Of the 135 patients in the study, 83 were males and mean age was 52.9±17.3 years. Most commonly used OACs were vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) (80.0%) followed by direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (20.0%). Median number of concomitant medications per patient was 4 (IQR 3-6). A total of 307 potential interactions were identified in 121 patients with a median of 2 interactions per patient. Of the 56 patients who had potential for major drug interactions, 45 (41.6%) were on VKAs and 11 (40.7%) on DOACs had potential to develop major interactions. Using logistic regression model, significant predictors of major drug interactions were age>60 years (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.05-5.95; p=0.04) and presence of venous thromboembolism VTE (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02-0.55; p=0.01).Conclusions: This hospital-based study showed potential drug interactions with OACs. Age more than 60 years and presence of VTE were significant predictors of major interactions. Awareness of potential interactions and monitoring doses of OACs help to prevent complications of therapy.
An assessment of knowledge and practices of breastfeeding among mothers having child less than 2 years of age in a city of central Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Bipul , Bose Tathagata , Das Saurav , Gupta Ashish Kumar , Kumar Ashutosh , Bhandari Ashok
Published: December 2020

Background: Breastmilk is the natural first food for babies which provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first few months of life. More than two thirds of the 2.4 million child deaths occurring each year in India are related to inappropriate infant feeding practices. Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth in central Indian states is among the lowest. The situation in central Indian states especially Uttar Pradesh is worse than the rest of India which is usually attributed to prevalent socio-economic and cultural factors.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted among 144 mothers visiting a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India over a period of nine months using a questionnaire-based interview.  Results: The study found that majority of subjects has good knowledge about breastfeeding. 92.4% mothers reported knowledge of putting the baby on the breast within an hour of birth. 65% had the correct breastfeeding position knowledge. Majority were aware that breastfeeding protects from various infections and that colostrum or first milk serves as the first immunization for the baby. 90.3% knew the correct definition of complementary feeding. Most of the subjects planned to breastfeed their baby for a year or more (86.8%).  Conclusions: Majority mothers had good knowledge of breastfeeding and complementary feeding and good breastfeeding practices were being followed. This study brought out that educated mothers had better breastfeeding knowledge and practices, thus highlighting to the importance of formal education in mothers.
Anganwadi based nutritional survey of children in Attappadi
Authors: Raju K. K. Rakesh , Ajithkumar V. T. , Ashraf T. P. , Riyaz A. , Cherian N. C. , Rajagopalan K. C. , Aravindan K. P. , Govindraj Geeta
Published: December 2020

Background: Malnutrition and anaemia form major public health problems among the school age children, particularly in the developing countries.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among children between 6 months and 18 years, in randomly selected 25 Anganwadis of Attappadi area. Objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and malnutrition among the children of Attappadi. Children were divided in to tribal and nontribal. Anthropometric measurements, haemoglobin estimation by cyanmethemoglobin method and peripheral smear examination were done.Results: 65.5% tribal and 54.1% non-tribal were anaemic. Among males 65.9% tribal and 56.4% non-tribal were anaemic. Among females 65.1% tribal and 52.6% nontribal were anaemic. In the age group less than 6 years, 9% tribal females, 8.9% nontribal females, 12% tribal males and 5.8% nontribal males were severely stunted. Above 6yrs it was 3.3% tribal females, 2.7% nontribal females, 2.4% tribal males and 7.4% nontribal males. In the age group less than 6 years, 12.5% tribal females, 3.9% nontribal females, 15.9% tribal males and 4.3% nontribal males had severe underweight. Above 6 years it was 8.3% tribal females, 0% non-tribal females, 19% tribal males and 3% non-tribal males.Conclusions: Anaemia and malnutrition are common among children of Attappadi. Tribal children are more affected than non-tribal children. Anaemia is more common among two age groups, less than 5 years and more than 11 years. Among females’ adolescent girls are more affected. Periodic assessment of growth parameters and early detection and treatment of anaemia are needed.
A clinic-epidemiological study of organophosphorus poisoning in children in a tertiary care medical college hospital
Authors: Anees-ur-Rahman Mohammed , Suresh Karthik , Visweswaraiah Kumar Gowripura , Subbaraya Ananda Kumar Tumkur
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute organophosphorus (OP) pesticide poisoning is widespread and is the most common poisoning in many developing countries and varies in different geographic regions. Organophosphorus compounds are anti acetyl cholinesterase which exert their toxicity by interfering with the normal function of acetylcholine, an essential neurotransmitter throughout the autonomic and central nervous system.Methods: The present study was conducted in department of pediatrics Sri Siddhartha medical college, Tumkur. All children with OP poisoning admitted in the pediatric ward were included in the study. Unknown compound/tablet poisoning, which was contradictory to the diagnosis of OP compound were excluded.Results: Out of 5,274 cases which were admitted in pediatric ward, 15 children were diagnosed as OP poisoning.  In the present study the incidence of OP poisoning was 2.84%. Out of 15 cases 3 cases were below 1 year of age, 2 cases were in the age group of 1-5 years, 5 cases were in the age group of 6-10 years and 5 cases were seen in above 11 years of age. Among 15 cases 13 (86.7%) cases were accidental poisoning and 2 (13.3%) cases were attempt to suicide. Out of 15 cases 4 (26.7%) cases were seen in monsoon, 4 (26.7%) cases were seen in winter and 7 (46.6%) in summer season. Out of 15 cases 14 (93.3%) cases improved with treatment and 1 (6.7%) case discharged against medical advice.Conclusions: Most cases of accidental poisoning are preventable by close watch on the toddlers and younger children who have a habit of tasting unknown things. Educate school children in all aspects of childhood poisoning.
Influence of infant feeding practices on baby weight by the first birthday vis-à-vis nutrition status: a prospective cohort study
Authors: M. A. Sunkad , Vernekar Sowmya , S. B. Javali , Sulaiman Zaharah , Tengku Alina , Hong Seo Ah
Published: December 2020

Background: Aim of the study was to examine the under nutrition among infants aged one to twelve months. Also, find out the influence of infant feeding practices on baby weight by the first birthday. This was a prospective cohort study to collect the data by visiting the village health centres.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of infants. We enlisted 157 new-born infants by a multi-cluster random sampling method representing the entire Primary Health Centre area. We obtained the written consent of mothers who participate in our study. These babies are followed up by periodic visits for a year. The data compiled, descriptive summary made, analysed with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, chi-square test to infer statistical significance using SPSS 20.00 Software.Results: There were 157 babies (n) who met the inclusion criteria, Male 51%, female 49%, Birth order ≤2 are 85%, Gestational age ≥38 weeks are 85%, all the babies gained weight, however, only 73.9% of them weighed more than third percentile growth curve, at the first birthday. Among those babies who weighed less, 6% of babies too low weight, less active, while 20% is thin and active. A significant relationship is seen between the baby weight with feeding practices, Clinical Features, and lactation at a 5% level (p<0.05).Conclusions: The under nutrition has its origin in infancy. In our observation, 26.1% of babies remained undernourished by their first birthday. The main reasons for under nutrition is inadequate to breastfeed, an inherent lack of appetite, and imbalanced feeding practices.
Assessment of quality of life in transfusion dependent thalassemic children - need to address parents/care givers
Authors: Sathenahalli Veeraraja B. , Murthy G. R. Rajashekar , Gouda Netra , Shivanna Sanjay K.
Published: December 2020

Background: Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive congenital disease caused by the reduced or absent beta globin chain synthesis of hemoglobin tetramer. The degree of imbalance between alpha and non alpha globin chains determines the severity of clinical manifestations. The disabling nature of the disease and chronic therapy affects the normal life causing psychosocial burden. Overall patient’s life, such as education, free-time, physical activities, skills, capabilities, and family adjustment is affected. The effects of which often result in psychological, emotional and social compromise. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measurement is a multidimensional concept that focuses on the impact of the disease and its treatment on the well being of an individual.Methods: A descriptive observational hospital based study was conducted over a period of 3 months. Transfusion dependency in thalassemic children aged between 5 years and 18 years was the inclusion criteria. Thalassemic children having debilitating illnesses unrelated to thalassemia were excluded. Quality of life was assessed using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0)4. The tool assesses the quality of life in five domains: physical functioning (PF: 8 items), psychosocial functioning (sum of emotional, social and school functioning), emotional functioning (EF: 5 items), social functioning (SF: 5 items) and school functioning (SC: 5 items).Results: Total of 125 children were enrolled with a mean age of 9.4±4.6 years (age range 5-18 yrs). According to the PedsQL questionnaire, the quality of life was similarly assessed by both parents and children. The total mean QoL score of the parents was 72.36±11.47 and of the children was 77.63±14.17. Emotional, school and psycho-social function were significantly affected according to both child and parents without statistical significance.Conclusions: Thalassaemia patients and their parents require lifelong psychological support for prevention of mental health issues. By increasing the awareness and knowledge levels of the parents, we can help sick children in developing countries to get the best care locally and to thus improve HRQoL.
Association between sociodemographic variables and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Muhammedali Kasim Yasar Kannappillil , Sahasranamam V. , Ambika Saji Nair
Published: December 2020

Background: Early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most important factor in reducing the blinding complications due to diabetes. Study of the various socio-demographic factors affecting awareness of DR will help us to formulate effective screening programs for early detection. Objectives of the study were to find the sociodemographic determinants associated with awareness of DR and to evaluate the association of stage of DR with awareness about diabetic retinopathy.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 384 patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in various medical camps and diabetic clinics at Thiruvananthapuram. Socio demographic variables and awareness were assessed using structured self-administered questionnaire. Dilated fundus evaluation was done and retinopathy classified. Data entered to excel sheet and analysis done using statistical software (SPSS version 20).Results: Among the 384 patients, 44.9% were diagnosed to have diabetic retinopathy. Among the diagnosed 41.6% had mild non proliferative DR (NPDR), 33.0% had moderate NPDR, 11.45% had severe NPDR. 13.4% of subjects were diagnosed to have proliferative DR. 53.1% of the subjects with diabetic retinopathy had clinically significant macular edema. There was no statistically significant association between the stage of DR to awareness. Among the socio demographic variables, significant positive association with level of awareness was obtained for duration of diabetes (OR=10.96; p=0.004)Conclusions: Duration of diabetes was significantly associated with level of awareness. There was no statistically significant association between the stage of diabetic retinopathy to awareness. This signifies the urgent need to intensify our diabetic retinopathy awareness programs.
Comparative study of clinical profile of patients with stroke in diabetic and non-diabetic patients admitted to SIMS Shivamogga
Authors: Eshwarappa P. , Naveen R. A. Kumar , Rangantha M. , Ranjith G. K. Kumar
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major risk factor for stroke. Stroke in diabetic patients is different from stroke in non-diabetics in many aspects. This study was carried out to with the aim to compare the clinical profile of patients with diabetic non-diabetic stroke, and its outcome. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical profile of stroke in diabetics and non-diabetics.Methods: The present study is a prospective case control observational study, carried out at Shivamogga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga. 100 patients with stroke were enrolled (out of which 50 patients were diabetic or found to have diabetes during hospital stay, and 50 were non-diabetic stroke patients). Other risk factors, clinical presentation and the pattern of stroke were evaluated.Results: The mean age in diabetic stroke patients was 56±9.93. and in non-diabetic stroke patients was 59.92±13.26. Percentage of male population in both groups were higher. Stroke patients in both study groups presented with history of motor weakness as their most common presenting complaint. 69% of diabetic patients had past history of hypertension compared to 21% in non-diabetic group. The mean blood sugar on admission was higher in diabetic group (221.87±76.16) compared with in non-diabetic group (133.12±44.68). Diabetic patients had greater percentage of ischemic stroke (65%) as compared to non-diabetic patients (33%). Hemorrhages were less in diabetic stroke patients (35%) as compared to non-diabetics (67%).Conclusions: Stroke in diabetic patients has a specific clinical pattern and a poor prognosis, which emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and treatment of every case of diabetes.
A study of the prevalence of hyperuricemia as well as its association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in three hundred patients at a tertiary care centre in North-East India
Authors: Parasher Anant , Lahdol Padma , Aggarwal Abhinav
Published: December 2020

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition defined by excessive fat accumulation in the form of triglycerides (steatosis) in the liver. In recent years, an association between elevated serum uric acid concentrations and NAFLD has been reported. Thus, we intended to perform this cross-sectional study to establish the prevalence of hyperuricemia in NAFLD patients and its association with NAFLD in 300 patients at a tertiary care centre in North-East India.Methods: In this hospital based cross-sectional study, 300 patients presenting in Assam medical college and hospital (AMCH) with diagnosed NAFLD were included during the one year period from July 2015 to June 2016.Results: Hyperuricemia was observed in 99 cases out of a total of 300 cases of NAFLD (33%), and a statistically significant association was observed between the two parameters.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of NAFLD was significantly higher in subjects with hyperuricemia than that in those without hyperuricemia (78.19% versus 40.83%) (p<0.001), and the prevalence rate increased with progressively higher serum uric acid levels (p<0.001).
A case report on Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: an autoimmune neuroendocrine disorder
Authors: R. Abarna Lakshmi , Ravichandran Rajganesh , D. Jaya Shree , P. B. Raveena , Sam Nikhil Cherian , Sarangan Vishnupriya
Published: December 2020

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neuroendocrine disorder with high titers of the thyroid antibodies. HE is more common to women than in men with a ratio of approximately 5:1. The estimated prevalence of HE was 2 per 100,000 people. We present a case of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy in a 24-year-old male patient known case of hypothyroidism admitted with the complaints of unconsciousness, and further developed seizure during admission. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal, electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed slow diffusion, and the serum thyroid function test showed a high concentration of anti-thyroid antibodies. The patient had a good recovery after the management with steroid therapy.
Assessment of knowledge and practice toward infection control and prevention standards among intern doctors in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albarrag Ahmad M. , Aloraini Abdulmajeed A. , Alhussain Abdulaziz I. , Alwarhi Faris I. , Altashlan Abdullah I. , Alhadi Naif M.
Published: December 2020

Background: Patients and healthcare workers are susceptible to health care associated infections if they are not compliant with infection prevention and control standards. There are no previous studies regarding the assessment of knowledge and practice of intern doctors toward infection prevention and control precautions in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study that was carried-out on 259 intern doctors at the main hospitals of Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the participants after validation during their clinical rounds and their morning meetings of their departments. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0.  Results: Out of 259 participants, the overall mean score for knowledge assessment was 79.4±7.52. For hand hygiene mean score was 23.53±2.66 out of 30, personal protective equipment mean score was 20.63±2.49 out of 25. A significant low level of knowledge regarding needle stick injury with a score of 19.18±2.50 out of 30. Regarding, knowledge towards isolation precautions, around 50% reported adequate knowledge regarding isolation precautions. Meanwhile, 78 (30.1%) denied receiving any form of training or orientation in infection control.  Conclusions: There is a moderate level of knowledge and satisfactory level of practice among intern doctors in Riyadh. However, there was some misconceptions regarding needle stick injury and isolation precaution. Implementing infection control education and training programs is recommended before starting clinical practice.
Factors associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean section and its outcome in Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Hulemenash T. , Mekonnen Hussein , Sendo Endalew G. , Deressa Jembere T.
Published: December 2020

Background: Planned vaginal birth after cesarean section is appropriate for and offered to the majority of women with a singleton pregnancy of cephalic presentation at 37 weeks or beyond. The main purpose of the study was to assess factors associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean section and its outcome in Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital.  

Methods: An institutional based case-control study conducted to identify factors associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean section and its outcome in a two years period. The data was collected from patients’ charts after tracing a patient’s number, a double proportion sampling technique was used to determine sample size using EPI info version 7.1.4.0, and multivariate regression analysis of independent variables associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean section was performed with unmatched case control.   

Results: Two hundred eighty-eight (288) mothers with history of one previous cesarean delivery attempted vaginal birth after cesarean section. This study found significant successful vaginal birth after cesarean section in mothers with previous vaginal birth, prior successful vaginal delivery after cesarean section, presented with cervical dilatation more than or equal to 4 cm and intact membrane at admission. Meconium>grade I and duration of labour>481minute negatively affected the success rate but weight did not affect vaginal birth after cesarean outcome.

Conclusions: Careful selection of mother is the corner stone of successful vaginal birth after cesarean section with special consideration of gestational age, condition of membrane, and develops national evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for potential implication.  
Incidence and reasons for leave against medical advice among orthopedic and trauma patients at the university college hospital Ibadan
Authors: Ogunrewo Tolulope O. , Magbagbeola Oluwadayo A. , Oladejo Samuel T. , Allen-Taylor Adeoye
Published: December 2020

Background: Leave against medical advice (LAMA) of hospitalized patients is an adverse clinical event in which a patient chooses to leave the hospital before it is medically advisable to do so and it negatively affects the treatment outcome. Because of this, the study was designed to determine the incidence of and indications for LAMA among orthopedic patients who presented at the accident and emergency department of the university college hospital, Ibadan.

Methods: This was a prospective hospital-based study determining the incidence of LAMA among orthopedic patients who presented at the accident and emergency department of the university college hospital, Ibadan between September 2019 and March 2020.

Results: A total of 289 patients with orthopedic conditions presented within the study period and about 12.46% of these LAMA. The male to female ratio observed in this study is 2:1. The age range was between 8 and 93 years. Trauma from motorbike and motor vehicle accidents accounted for over 80% of the etiology. The most important factor influencing LAMA is financial constraints (63.9%) and LAMA was signed mostly by the patients (25%).

Conclusions: LAMA among orthopedic patients in Ibadan is mostly due to financial reasons, therefore, factors that will reduce the cost of management such as the accessibility to health insurance schemes will significantly reduce the incidence of LAMA among orthopedic patients in Nigeria.

 
A comparative study on the functional outcome of intertrochanteric fractures treated by proximal femoral nailing or dynamic hip screw fixation
Authors: Chandy Gineshmon , S. Saju
Published: December 2020

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are one of the commonly occurring injuries in elderly patients and are high among females and those with osteoporosis. They were treated with either dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation or proximal femoral nailing (PFNA2) here at our institution. The study was conducted in order to find which method of surgical fixation has better functional outcome.  

Methods: Total 96 patients of intertrochanteric fractures admitted during the study period of November 2017 to April 2019 were included for the study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups; DHS was used as implant in group1 and PFNA2 in group 2. Postoperatively patients were followed up after 1 month, 3months and 6 months of the surgery and were assessed using Harris hip score.

Results: Harris hip score was higher with PFNA2 group compared to DHS group in all follow-ups. In unstable fractures DHS group had poor outcome compared to PFNA2. Radiological union occurred in 27.1 % cases by 3 months and 72.9% cases by 6 months with DHS whereas 70.8% and 97.9% respectively with PFNA2.  

Conclusions: PFNA2 gives a better functional outcome when compared to DHS. Even though DHS gives good functional outcome in stable fractures it is not so in the case of unstable fractures. The radiological union also is faster with proximal femoral nailing. Hence in our opinion PFNA2 can be the better fixation device compared to DHS especially in unstable fractures.  
Outcome analysis of solitary osteochondromas of femur managed surgically: a series of 32 patients
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev , Ghani Abdul , Dev Bias , Mahajan Rahul , Mohd John , Singh Amarjeet , Lone Zubair A.
Published: December 2020

Background: Osteochondroma is the commonest benign bone tumor in humans. This tumor may either be solitary or present as multiple lesions. Solitary osteochondromas are much more common. Femur is the single most common long bone involved followed by tibia and humerus. Osteochondromas may be either asymptomatic or may present as pain, pressure symptoms or functional impairment. Most of the symptomatic lesions need surgical excision.

Methods: This was a prospective study which included 32 patients with solitary osteochondromas of femur, who were managed with surgical excision. Only the symptomatic cases were operated. Minimum follow-up period was 18 months after surgery.

Results: This study involved 23 males (71.87%) and nine females (28.12%). 30 osteochondromas (93.75%) were located in the distal femoral metaphysis while as only two cases (6.25%) of proximal metaphyseal involvement were seen. The commonest indication for surgery was pain. Other indications included cosmetic causes, restricted joint movement, fracture of osteochondroma and paresthesia or numbness. The complications included post-operative hematoma formation which was seen in 2 patients (6.25%), infection which was seen in one patient (3.12%), post-operative hypoaesthesia in 2 patients (6.25%) and recurrence of the tumor occurred in one patient (3.12%).

Conclusions: Surgical excision of the solitary symptomatic femoral osteochondromas is a rewarding and safe procedure with minimal complications. 
Ulnar longitudinal deficiency: a rare case report and review
Authors: Lamba Akshay , Kumar Naresh , Krishna Chaitanya , Chhabra Sargam
Published: December 2020

Ulnar hemimelia is a rare postaxial partial or complete longitudinal deficiency of ulna. It has an estimated incidence of 1/100,000-150,000 live births, with a male to female ratio of 3:2. There is usually ulnar deviation of hand and shortening of forearm. Radial head subluxation and fixed flexion deformity of the hand may be associated with it. Complex carpal, metacarpal, and digital abnormalities including absence of triquetrum, capitate and three fingered hand (tridactyly) are additional findings commonly found in association. Here, we present a case of a 17-year-old female with left sided ulnar club hand due to isolated partial ulnar aplasia.
Research on the Status Quo and Countermeasures of Scientific Training of Track and Field Sports
Authors: Li Hong
Published: December 2020

At present, China’s track and field sports are at the leading level in Asia, but there is no obvious advantage in the world sports world. In short, the level of Chinese track and field is not completely commensurate with the title of sports power. In order to make a breakthrough in world-class track and field competitions, China should pay attention to improving the scientific level of training and cultivate a track and field gold medal team with long-term advantages. Based on many years’ research experience in track and field, the author briefly analyzes the development status of track and field in China in recent years, and on this basis, studies related strategies to improve the level of track and field training.