bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recuperación de la inversión en infraestructura en América Latina y el Caribe: Documentos seleccionados de la Serie de Conferencias del BID sobre Infraestructura, 2004
Authors: Chong Alberto E. ,   Analistas Financieros Internacionales, Percoco Marco , Harris Stephen , Guasch José Luis , Cohen Remy , Benavides Juan , Strong John S. , Vives Antonio
Published: March 2024

La Serie de Conferencias del BID sobre Infraestructura (2004) incluyó cuatro eventos que se celebraron en Madrid (22-23 de enero), Washington, D.C. (19-20 de febrero), Lima (27 de marzo, durante la Reunión Anual del Banco) y Tokio (13 de mayo). Estos eventos reunieron a especialistas e interesados de primera fila, entre los que se encontraban empresas consolidadas y posibles inversionistas en infraestructura latinoamericana, representantes de instituciones académicas e instituciones financieras multilaterales y expertos en banca, industria y legislación. En esta selección se incluyen cinco documentos discutidos durante la serie de conferencias que se refieren a cuestiones globales de la inversión en infraestructura en la región. Los documentos, que van precedidos de un panorama de retos generales, abordan temas como el desajuste entre la percepción pública y los beneficios de la privatización en América Latina; estructuras financieras innovadoras; percepciones de los inversionistas sobre el riesgo de la infraestructura; la factibilidad de alianzas público-privadas y la dimensión fiscal de la inversión en infraestructura.
Uso de PDAs en la colecta de información: Nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) al servicio de la calidad estadística
Authors: Côrtes Sérgio da Costa , Nunes Eduardo Pereira
Published: March 2024

La presentación expone la experiencia del Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) en el uso de nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para proyectos estadísticos. El documento describe una serie de puntos que incluyen las encuestas realizadas y en curso con este nuevos sistema, una comparación de ventajas y desventajas, las estrategias de validación de datos, las visiones del personal contratado, de los entrevistados y de la sociedad del nuevo sistema, los factores de éxitos, las implicaciones en las metodologías de investigación, las estrategias de capacitación del personal, el análisis de las características regionales, entre otros.
Capacitación de la fuerza laboral en América Latina: ¿Qué debe hacerse?
Authors: Márquez Gustavo
Published: March 2024

Este documento debate la aparente contradicción de la importancia de la capacitación laboral y la tendencia a la flexibilización laboral en América Latina. En la región existe una difundida percepción de que la globalización y la integración económica de las políticas de capacitación son cada vez más importantes. Una fuerza laboral bien capacitada es clave para proporcionar a las empresas nacionales una ventaja competitiva, en un contexto en el que los trabajadores requieren un mayor nivel de calificaciones para adaptarse a los acelerados cambios técnicos y del mercado. Sin embargo, el incremento de los contratos laborales precarios e informales reduce los incentivos de las empresas y los trabajadores para invertir en el desarrollo y la adquisición de nuevas calificaciones. Este documento fue realizado para el seminario: "Desarrollando Consenso en Torno al Mercado de Trabajo y las Políticas de Empleo en el Área Andina" realizado con el apoyo del BID y la Fundación Tinker.
Dimensionamiento y caracterización de las violencias en Caracas
Authors: Sanjuán Ana María
Published: March 2024

En este trabajo se presentan algunos de los resultados más relevantes para el conocimiento de la violencia urbana en Caracas. Seguidamente y a partir de la información expuesta, se amplían algunas observaciones iniciales sobre las características de la violencia, proponiéndose algunas políticas públicas de prevención e intervención. Este trabajo fue presentado en el seminario "Convivencia y Seguridad Ciudadana en el Itsmo Centroamericano y la Isla de Española", organizado por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en El Salvador, 2-4 de Junio, 1998.
Proyecto infancia y familia: Evaluación de impactos tempranos
Authors: Arias Valencia Samuel Andrés
Published: March 2024

La presentación expone el proyecto Infancia y Familia de prevención de la violencia doméstica de Medellín. Se describen los motivos de su implementación, cómo se evaluó el impacto, los resultados obtenidos y la percepción de los beneficiarios. Se incluyen estadísticas y una serie de conclusiones y sugerencias necesarias para continuar el proceso de validación de los instrumentos de evaluación social para Colombia. La presentación es parte del Foro Internacional Interamericano sobre Seguridad y Convivencia que tuvo lugar en Medellín, Colombia, el 12 de septiembre de 2005.
Estudo Sobre os Destinários de Remessas no Brasil
Authors: Bendixen Sergio
Published: March 2024

Metodologia Os resultados e as constatações deste relatório baseiam-se em: 1) 2 mil entrevistas pessoais realizadas no Brasil durante o mês de abril de 2004. Essa amostra foi projetada para representar a população brasileira adulta. 2) 1.500 entrevistas telefônicas realizadas em cidades brasileiras com alta concentração de destinatários de remessas de dinheiro durante o mês de maio de 2004.
Serviços Financeiros para Melhor Conduzir as Remessas ao Brasil: Tesouro Direto
Authors: Valle Paulo
Published: March 2024

Serviços Financeiros para Melhor Serviços para Melhor Conduzir as Remessas ao Brasil - Tesouro Direto
O Impacto das Remessas no Desenvolvimento Econômico Local
Authors: Soares Weber
Published: March 2024

O desafio é alcançar o mercado externo, dando a oportunidade para que brasileiros não residentes, possam ampliar suas possibilidades de investimentos, com retorno garantido. O Tesouro Direto representa uma alternativa lucrativa, segura e garantida para aqueles valores que são remetidos do exterior com objetivo de poupança. Com os brasileiros tendo acesso a mais bancos nacionais no exterior fica mais fácil oferecer os títulos públicos como alternativa de investimento. ¿ O Tesouro Direto possui uma gama de alternativas de investimento para os remetentes de recursos, compatível com o perfil de poupança.
Reforma do Fundo de Participação dos Estados (FPE)
Authors: Ter-Minassian Teresa
Published: March 2024

Este documento focaliza as opções para a reforma do Fundo de Participação dos Estados (FPE), que constitui uma das principais transferências intergovernamentais no Brasil. Este enfoque se justifica pelo fato de que essa reforma tornou-se uma prioridade política urgente após a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) que declarou a inconstitucionalidade da fórmula atual de distribuição horizontal do FPE e exigiu a sanção de uma nova fórmula no início de 2013. Como pano de fundo para a escolha e motivação de uma estratégia de reforma recomendada, o documento começa com uma revisão sumária do sistema de transferências intergovernamentais no Brasil à luz da experiência internacional.
Global Review of Economic Instruments for Water Management in Latin America and the Caribbean: Executive Summary
Authors: Leipprand Anna , Pielen Britta , Kraemer R. Andreas
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the importance and applicability of economic instruments in the context of water management. The paper presents a typology and associated examples of implementation from European Union (EU) countries and Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This report intends to assist in the identification of economic instruments appropriate for application in the Latin American water management context, therefore in the last section, comparisons between the presented examples and Latin American countries are assessed. This report has been initiated to support discussion among participants in the Regional Policy Dialogue on Environmental Management celebrated on February 25th and 26th, 2003.
Regional Policy Dialog in Latin America and the Caribbean: Challenges and Opportunities for Water-Based Adaptation to Climate Change: Elements for a Regional Agenda
Authors: Maturano Rodríguez Carlos , Miralles-Wilhelm Fernando , Gutiérrez Gómez Guillermo , Cordero Vejar Mario , Aguilar Amilpa Enrique , Velázquez Holguín Marco Antonio , Rodríguez Andrés , Medina Laguna Grisell , Rodríguez Ramos Katia Karina , Resendiz Patricia , Rojas Hernández Pamela Alejandra , Pagnoccheschi Bruno , Carro de la Fuente Adán , Fuentes Nava Estrellita Mireya , Siller Diana , Arrese Luco Juan Antonio , Hinojosa Aguirre José María , Villón Bracamonte Ricardo Alaín , Mota Erick , Burgues Irene , Galan Roberto , Ballestero Vargas Maureen , Badillo Ibarra Isabel , Vendruscolo Simone , Sánchez Juan Carlos , Chabrel Marie-Violaine , Reyes Gaytán Jorge Alberto , Córdoba Rocío , Genta José Luis , Meza Jorge , Landa Rosalva , Loures Flavia , Rendón Claudia , López Pérez Mario , Arroyo Víctor , Murillo Licea Daniel , Martínez Julia , Soares Denise , Rendón Pimentel Luis , Magaña Víctor , Mora Portuguez Jorge , Hurtado Aguilar Carlos Alberto , Díaz Víctor , Soto Sergio , Lozano Torres Sergio , Barrios Ordóñez J. Eugenio , Rojas Diana , Hernández Díaz Josué Isaac , García Gómez María Concepción , Krause Matthias , Sánchez Pérez Claudia Olivia , Sánchez Ramos Yerania , Martínez Ruiz José Luis , Zuleta Javier , Rosazza Asin Eddie , Seguin Nathalie , Manzano Camarillo Mario
Published: March 2024

This document represents a coordinated effort among several institutions and organizations in the Latin America and the Caribbean region to present the results of a joint reflection on the issue of water-based adaptation to climate change as part of a Regional Policy Dialog process. The main purpose of this Dialog is to communicate to politicians and decision makers -both within the water community and from other public policy areas relevant to the topic- and other actors involved, a series of key messages and recommendations that enable them to define, in an informed manner, public policies and corresponding actions on climate change adaptation. The results of this dialog to date are reflected in this version of the document to be presented on December 3rd as part of the Dialogs for Water and Climate Change (D4WCC), an event associated with the COP16 to be held in Cancun, Mexico.
Haiti: A Bi-Cultural Experience
Authors: Danticat Edwidge
Published: March 2024

Edwidge Danticat (1969-), Haitian author of Breath, Eyes, Memory (1994), Pushcart Award (1995), and The Farming of the Bones (1999), American Book Award (1999).
Aspects of Creation in the Central American Novel
Authors: Guardia Gloria
Published: March 2024

Gloria Guardia (1940-), Panamanian writer, journalist and essayist, member of the Panamanian Academy of Language, National Short Story Prize (Bogotá, 1996).
Talkin' Ol' Story: A Brief Survey of the Oral Tradition of the Bahamas
Authors: Glinton-Meicholas Patricia
Published: March 2024

Patricia Glinton Meicholas, Bahamian writer, founding president of the Bahamas Association for Cultural Studies, Silver Jubilee of Independence Medal for Literature.
Violent Crime in Latin American Cities
Authors: Torres Juan A. , Castillo José G. , Vilalta Perdomo Carlos J.
Published: March 2024

In the last two decades, Latin America has been describes as an unsafe and violent region. Nonetheless, such picture is mostly based on homicide rates. Even though homicide is considered the best recorded crime, it does not provide full account of other forms of violent crime. Moreover, a great deal of research on crime throughout the region tends to be descriptive and anecdotal. Misunderstanding the causes of crime and disregarding evidence might induce policy makers to implement ineffective strategies, particularly at the local level. Therefore, based on Social Disorganization Theory, this study explains violent crime across and within selected cities of Latin America.
Productive Development and Innovation: The Quest for Sustainable Growth: Proceedings from the 3rd Policy and Knowledge Summit between Latin America and the Caribbean and China
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This discussion paper summarizes the proceeding at the 3rd China-Latin America and the Caribbean Policy and Knowledge Summit. The summit, held in Medellin, Colombia on October 24-25, 2016, focused on productive development and innovation policies. It was sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Bureau of International Cooperation and Institute of Political Science) and the Inter-American Development Bank (Institutions for Development Sector), with the support of the Colombian Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Tourism. The paper discusses practices of the design and implementation of productive development and innovation policies at the national, local, and sectoral levels in China, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Panama, and Peru.
Participación Ciudadana en la Gestión Pública: enfoque y condiciones para su desarrollo: Módulo 2: Herramientas para analizar la participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas: Unidad 2.1: Componentes de las estrategias de participación ciudadana
Authors: Di Virgilio María Mercedes
Published: March 2024

Este documento forma parte del Módulo 2 del curso Participación Ciudadana en la Gestión Pública: enfoque y condiciones para su desarrollo. La presente unidad tiene por objetivo identificar y caracterizar los diversos componentes a tener en cuenta a la hora de analizar, proponer y gestionar la participación ciudadana en el marco de las políticas públicas.
La Realidad Macroeconómica: Una Introducción a los Problemas y Políticas del Crecimiento y la Estabilidad en América Latina: Introducción
Authors: Lora Eduardo
Published: March 2024

Este documento forma parte del curso La Realidad Macroeconómica: Una Introducción a los Problemas y Políticas del Crecimiento y la Estabilidad en América Latina. En este curso se estudian los problemas y políticas del crecimiento y de la estabilidad económica en América Latina, que son los dosgrandes temas en que se divide el estudio de la macroeconomía (aunque algunos de los temas de los que se ocupa este curso no son estrictamente "macro", sino "sectoriales" o "micro").
Breve 14: Mexico's Coordinating Commission for Negotiating the Price of Medicines and Other Health Inputs
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This Breve gives an overview of the characteristics of the pharmaceutical sector in Mexico and the main factors resulting in the decision to establish the CCPNM. It briefly discusses the legal framework of the Commission. Then, it looks at the CCPNM's objective and operations, before describingthe negotiation process. The results of the CCPNM in economic and organizational terms, as well as other positive impacts, are analyzed in the subsequent section. Finally, the Breve concludes by presenting some of the challenges emerging from the Mexican experience with its price negotiation scheme.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 12 : No. 28 : January-June, 2008
Authors: Iglesias Roberto M. , Fujimura Manuba , Goddard John Gabriel , Zhai Fan , Navajas Fernando , Mesquita Moreira Mauricio , Edmonds Christopher , Brooks Douglas H. , Beato Paulina , Carciofi Ricardo , Guerra-García Picasso Gustavo , Cipoletta Tomassian Georgina , Cárcamo-Díaz Rodrigo , De Prabir
Published: March 2024

The IDB's Integration & Trade Journal includes articles on the different aspects of integration in Latin America and the Caribbean, on hemispheric integration and, furthermore, on similar processes in other parts of the world. This issue includes a selection of articles around one common subject: the development of integration-related infrastructure. This issue contains the following articles: Issues and Options on Transnational Projects; Infrastructure Integration and Incomplete Contracts: Natural Gas in the Southern Cone; Cooperation and Provision of Regional Public Goods: The IIRSA Case; Investing in Multinational Transport Infrastructure: Coordination Perspectives for Latin America; Trade Costs and the Economic Fundamentals of the IIRSA; Some Elements to Characterize Brazilian Interests in Infrastructure Integration in South America; The Infrastructure Integration in South America: The Case of Chile; Political Economy, Infrastructure and Integration: The Peruvian Case; Trade Costs and Infrastructure: Analysis of the Effects of Trade Impediments in Asia; Impact of Cross-Border Road Infrastructure on Trade and Investment in the Greater Mekong Subregion; and, The Macroeconomic Effects of Infrastructure Financing: A Tale of Two Countries.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 16 : No. 35 : July-December, 2012
Authors: Bianchi Eduardo , Gómez Minujín Gala , Arellano José Pablo , Meloni Nassar André , Katz Sebastián , Rozenwurcel Guillermo , Santa Gadea Rosario , Cavalcanti Carlos Eduardo G. , Dos Santos Enestor , Ruta Michele , Piñeiro Martín , Zignago Soledad , Perrone Nicolás Marcelo , Messere Vanina , Venables Anthony J. , Tafgar Aiken , Hamanaka Shintaro
Published: March 2024

The last decade has seen a significant increase in the exports of several Latin American and Caribbean countries to destinations within and beyond the region. The increase in trade links has not, however, been accompanied by a proportional increase in reciprocal investments among the trading partners. This precludes making the most of clear advantages, including the possibility of diversifying and upgrading trade links by overcoming trade barriers imposed by distance and cultural differences, and by the greater availability of capital and knowledge flowing to recipient countries. In these countries, there is the additional creation of new jobs and the mitigation of the social costs generated by mismatches in labor markets that are the result of trade and integration among sometimes widely differing trading partners.
Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 2: Issue 3: August 2013
Authors: Nugent Stevonne , Baxter Sasha , Melgarejo Karl Alexander , Mercer-Blackman Valerie , Salazni Mariana , Kamau Musheer O. , Schmid Juan Pedro , Clarke Dillon , Thomas Chrystol , O'Brien Cherran
Published: March 2024

The Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin provides economic conjunctural and structural information about this particular region. This issue highlights the real growth that remained weak during the first half of 2013 in The Bahamas, Barbados and Jamaica. On the other hand, Guyana and Suriname are expected to outperform the region with an average growth rate of 5% in 2013. There are some signs of recovery in Trinidad and Tobago, however, growth in the energy sector has not taken off yet.
Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 3: Issue 3: July 2014
Authors: Salazni Mariana , Sierra Ricardo , O'Brien Cherran , Khadan Jeetendra , Beuermann Diether , Elías Carlos , Kamau Musheer O. , Thomas Chrystol , Schmid Juan Pedro , Wenner Mark D. , Dukharan Marla , Mercer-Blackman Valerie
Published: March 2024

The Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin analyzes recent economic developments of The Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. This issue's Special Country Reports discuss labor and social programs and policies in these countries as well as the performance of the labor markets; it also considers the efficacy of the range of social programs available. The Bulletin also includes a section on recent developments in the countries of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).
Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 3: Issue 4: November 2014
Authors: Salazni Mariana , Gomez Osorio Camillo , O'Brien Cherran , Khadan Jeetendra , Thomas Chrystol , Schmid Juan Pedro , Wenner Mark D. , Dukharan Marla
Published: March 2024

The Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin discusses recent economic developments in the 6 IDB-member Caribbean countries, as well as the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). The countries are: The Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. The regional supplement, entitled "Inflation in the Caribbean: a Dormant Volcano", discusses inflation risks in the Caribbean. Although inflation risks are expected to remain contained in the short and medium term, experience reminds us that Caribbean countries are highly vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices. In this vein, the regional report examines the determinants and risks associated with inflation in the CCB countries.
Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 59: January, 2016
Authors: Sosa Mariano , Powell Andrew
Published: March 2024

According to surveys conducted by Central Banks in the region, 2016 growth expectations have decreased by 0.2% and inflation expectations have increased by 0.2% in January. At the individual country level, growth expectations fell in six countries and remained constant in two. Inflation expectations increased in seven countries and fell in one. Growth expectations for 2016 decreased in Paraguay by 0.7% followed by Brazil andColombia, falling 0.3% and 0.2% respectively compared to the previous month. Further declines were observed in Chile, Guatemala and Uruguay, all by 0.1% in the three cases. Growth expectations remained constant in Peru at 3.2% and in Mexico at 2.7%. Inflation expectations for 2016 increased in Guatemala by 0.7%, in Uruguay by 0.5%, in Brazil and Colombia by 0.2% in both cases, and in Chile, Paraguay and Peru by 0.1% in all three cases. Mexico is the only country where 2016 inflation expectations fell (by 0.2%) compared to the expectations as of December 2015.
Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 60: March, 2016
Authors: Sosa Mariano , Powell Andrew
Published: March 2024

According to the surveys conducted by Central Banks in the region, 2016 growth expectations decreased by 0.1% and inflation expectations increased by 0.2% in February. At the individual country level, growth expectations rose in three countries, remained constant in one and fell in four. Inflation expectations increased in five countries, remained constant in two and fell in one. Growth expectations for 2016 increased by 0.2% in Paraguay, and by 0.1% both in Guatemala and Peru. They remained constant in Colombia at 3.0% and fell in Brazil by 0.4%, in Chile and Mexico by 0.2% in the two cases and in Uruguay by 0.1%. Inflation expectations for 2016 increased by 0.7% in Colombia, by 0.5% in Brazil, by 0.2% both in Mexico and Paraguay, and by 0.1% in Chile. They remained constant in Guatemala at 3.9% and in Peru at 3.5%, and decreased in Uruguay by 0.2%.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Business Review 2015
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The 2015 Annual Business Review (ABR) provides management with a status of the Bank's performance. The ABR reports on outputs, lending program priorities, and organizational indicators on a yearly basis to allow management to monitor progress in achieving corporate results. This periodic monitoring supports mid- to long-term, evidence-based decision making and allows for timely identification of deviations from targets and enables effective implementation of measures to address them.
Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 62: May, 2016
Authors: Sosa Mariano , Powell Andrew
Published: March 2024

The April 2016 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that simple average growth expectations for 2016 for the eight countries covered by REVELA have decreased by 0.1% from 1.8% to 1.7% compared to previous month. Similarly, the GDP weighted average growth expectations have decreased by 0.1% from -0.6% to -0.7%. Meanwhile, inflation expectations for 2016 have remained stable at 5.3% on a simple average basis, and have fallen by 0.2% on a GDP weighted average basis from 5.7% to 5.5% compared to the previous month. There were differences across countries both for growth and inflation expectations. Growth expectations increased in Guatemala and Peru by 0.1%, while they decreased in Uruguay by 0.7%, in Brazil by 0.2% and in Colombia by 0.1% - and they remained stable in Paraguay at 3.0%, in Mexico at 2. 4% and in Chile at 1.7%. Inflation expectations increased in Colombia by 0.3%, Uruguay by 0.2% and Guatemala by 0.1%, and they decreased in Brazil by 0.4% and in Chile, Mexico and Paraguay by 0.1% in all three cases, and remained constant in Peru at 3. 5%. Expected growth for the region is as low as -3.8% for Brazil and as high as 3.7% in Guatemala, while expected inflation ranges from 3.2% in Mexico to 10.1% in Uruguay.
Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin: Commodities in the Caribbean: Volume 6: Issue 2: June 2017
Authors: Pradelli Juan Jose , Waithe Kimberly , Wright Allan , Clarke Dillon , Khadan Jeetendra , Schmid Juan Pedro , Wenner Mark D.
Published: March 2024

This issue of the Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin explores the importance of commodities for the region’s countries. While the Caribbean includes commodity producers, most members depend heavily on energy imports. The fall in oil prices was a huge relief for these countries, improving the external position, keeping prices stable and increasing the purchasing power for households. At the same time, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were hit hard with falls in exports, revenues, and economic contractions. As usual, the Quarterly Bulletin also covers recent economic developments in The Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago, and includes a section on the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).
Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 6: Issue 3: September 2017
Authors: Pradelli Juan Jose , Lorde Kishmar , Waithe Kimberly , Wright Allan , Clarke Dillon , Khadan Jeetendra , Schmid Juan Pedro , Wenner Mark D.
Published: March 2024

All countries in the Caribbean face fiscal challenges. On the one hand, the countries that depend on tourism – Jamaica, Barbados, and The Bahamas – are at different stages of dealing with the tailwinds from the 2009 global financial crisis. All are making adjustments, with Jamaica ahead because it started aggressive fiscal consolidation in 2013. On the other hand, the commodity-exporting countries of Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago, which were relatively unscathed by the global financial crisis, have been strongly affected by the fall in international commodity prices in the last three years, especially oil. Guyana is an outlier, with strong growth supported by elevated gold prices. The introductory section summarizes fiscal challenges facing the region. As in the country sections that follow, we explore issues related to debt, revenue, and expenditure, then conclude with policy recommendations.
Desarrollo social: Noviembre, 1999
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

La División de Desarrollo Social del Departamento de Desarrollo Sostenible (SDS/SOC) presta asistencia al BID, brindando apoyo técnico a las operaciones financieras y contribuyendo a identificar y promover nuevas oportunidades para dirigir la acción del Banco a un desarrollo social que acelere el crecimiento y mejore el bienestar de los pueblos de América Latina y el Caribe. Con este boletín, queremos informar a aquellos interesados en temas sociales de nuestro trabajo y fomentar un diálogo sobre estos temas. Los artículos de este ejemplar abarcan una amplia gama de inquietudes sociales: de la prevención y atención de la violencia, de los beneficios que reporta mejorar la salud, de la planificación en salud y los laboratorios de alimentos, de temas de género y de la reforma educativa en Honduras.
Guía B: Justificación de la intervención del gobierno en el mercado de eficiencia energética
Authors: Chabchoub Jalel , Langlois Pierre , Biaou Léon
Published: March 2024

El presente volumen hace parte de la Serie de Guías de Eficiencia Energética de la División de Energía del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, cuya publicación responde a la carencia de información de fácil acceso y en castellano sobre temas relativos a la eficiencia energética en los países de América Latina y el Caribe. Esta guía contiene ejemplos concretos de proyectos realizados en el ámbito regional y mundial. Cada volumen trata de aspectos específicos de la eficiencia energética, como por ejemplo las justificaciones que subyacen a la intervención gubernamental en este campo, el diseño de programas, los marcos institucionales necesarios, iniciativas de estándares y etiquetado, compañías de servicios energéticos y contratos de servicios energéticos por desempeño. La Guía B: Justificación de la intervención del gobierno en el mercado de eficiencia energética está dirigida a profesionales del ramo afiliados a instituciones públicas y privadas de los gobiernos locales o nacionales, a entidades reguladoras y a empresas energéticas, como también a clientes y a los responsables de implementar futuros proyectos de eficiencia energética, y a las instituciones multilaterales, bilaterales o internacionales de desarrollo que trabajan en este campo.
Ideas for Development in the Americas (IDEA): Volume 3 : January-April, 2004: Reform Fatigue
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Latin America appears to be suffering from reform fatigue--but why? Is the public tired of waiting for reforms' long-promised benefits? Are policymakers scared of bearing the political costs? Are international experts less sure of their programs and prescriptions? The articles in the latest issue of IDEA examine the causes and symptoms of reform fatigue and discuss the prospects for the reform process in the region.
Ideas for Development in the Americas (IDEA): Volume 4 : May-August, 2004: Housing Finance in Latin America: Time to Build a Better Market
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The average value of a residential dwelling owned by a typical Latin American family is worth close to six years of that family's total income. However, les than one-fourth of all housing in Latin America is financed through formal mechanisms, and housing mortgage credit accounts for only a small fraction of total credit. Why hasn't the housing mortgage industry developed properly in Latin America? This issue of IDEA takes a closer look at the problems in the housing finance market, reviews the efforts that have been made in the past, and offers some policy suggestions for the future.
Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): No. 18 : October, 2008
Authors: Pinzon Mauricio , Galindo Arturo
Published: March 2024

REVELA analyzes market expectations of growth and inflation in Latin American countries. The figures analyzed represent the results of surveys of private sector actors conducted by the central banks of each country according to their own specific methodologies. They do not represent official projections by the IDB or any other official body. RES collects the results of these surveys from participating central banks on a monthly basis to produce a report and a set of illustrative graphs and tables. In this October issue, REVELA reports that growth expectations for 2008 increased with respect to last month's survey. Now the simple average expected growth rate is 5.45%. However, growth is expected to slow in 2009, to an average of 4.4%, down from last month 4.7% 2009 forecast. On the other hand, the expected inflation rate for 2008 increased from 9.59% to 9.66%. Inflation expectations for 2009 decreased, reaching a simple average of 8.38%.
Paradox & Coexistence 2
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Present an exhibition featuring the works by some of the leading Latin American artists during the period 1981-2000 was open at the Art Gallery of the Cultural Center of the Inter-American Development Bank on May 20th, under the name Paradox and Coexistence II. The exhibit is the second segment of the exhibition initially staged by the IDB Cultural Center in 2002.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 17: No. 36: January-June, 2013
Authors: Balbis Pérez Jorge , Kwak Jae Sung , Dequech Neto Napoleão , Rivero Illa Martín , Grynspan M. Rebeca , Valle Pereña Juan Manuel , Xalma Cristina , Watanabe Masato , Shearer Matthew , Heidrich Pablo , Bessudo Lion Sandra , Carrillo Susana , Sandler Todd , Daccarett Jorge , Garranzo Rafael , Oliveira Cassia , Abdenur Adriana Erthal , Santos Luan , Giacalone Rita , Blundell Matthew , Kindornay Shannon , Santos Thauan , Tres Joaquim , Killen Brenda
Published: March 2024

This issue addresses the South-South cooperation topic and argues that, rather than being much ado about nothing, it is actually tangible and about more than meets the eye, reflecting new avenues of delivery, innovative ways of thinking, and ongoing economic realignment. It features contributions about: The role of institutions in the provision of public goods and their implications for sustainable development; SSC, and its increasing contribution to international dialogue; The rising profile and implications of SSC between LAC and China, Japan, and Korea; The role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in defining, implementing, and evaluating SSC interventions in the region; Comparisons between SSC providers and traditional donors, including a greater focus on the private sector; and Case studies.
INTAL Connection: No 244: December, 2016
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Environmental Economics for Evidence Based Policy: Vol. 1, No. 2: IEEM: Evaluating Strategies for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Banerjee Onil
Published: March 2024

This edition of Environmental Economics for Evidence Based Policy applies the IEEM Platform to evaluating strategies for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results from applying IEEM to Guatemala's SDG priorities highlight the advantages of using an integrated framework when evaluating complex policy objectives.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 195: November, 2012
Authors:   Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean
Published: March 2024

The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 218: October, 2014
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
Procurement Newsletter: Volume 2 : June, 2008
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This newsletter presents articles about Case Study Consulting Services: Value Added Tax (VAT) and Income Tax (Protest), the experience of Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery, Why is it important to have a well-prepared Procurement Plan? and a List of individuals and firms sanctioned by the Bank.
Microenterprise Development Review: Volume 1 : No. 1 : May, 1998
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This inaugural issue of Microenterprise Development Review looks at some innovative examples of commercial microfinance from around Latin America and the Caribbean and examines the conditions that made them possible. This report addresses the changes in financial regulation, combined with a growing understanding of how to lower costs and manage risks, which have made microfinance a potentially profitable market in the region.
Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): No. 1 : May, 2007
Authors: Powell Andrew , Martínez Juan Francisco
Published: March 2024

Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA) is a monthly publication published by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Research Department (RES). The data comes from surveys of market participants conducted by Central Banks in Latin America. This document analyzes differences in market expectations for growth and inflation across countries and determines trends over time. This document was published in May of 2007, and illustrations growth in Argentina (7.7%), Costa Rica (5.5%) Guatemala (4.3%), Honduras (4.8%) and Uruguay (4.74%). Also in this report: inflation expectations for 2007 are on the rise in several countries in the region in particular in Colombia (5.25%), Uruguay (7.21%) and Bolivia (6.48%).
Modernization of the State: Strategy Document
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The strategy document was favorably reviewed by the IDB Board of Executive Directors on July 23, 2003. The objective of this strategy is to establish the basic concepts that should guide Bank operations with regards to modernization of the State.
Policy Issues for the Water and Sanitation Sectors
Authors: Foster Vivien
Published: March 2024

Given the importance of water and sanitation loans in the Bank's portfolio of infrastructure projects and the significance of the measures that are underway throughout the region, this discussion paper aims to identify those particular features of the water and sanitation sector which distinguish it from other infrastructure services and which will consequently merit special attention by countries engaging in such reforms. Included are a discussion of institutional problems facing state-owned providers of public services and policy responses to three key economic issues: optimal sector structure, the scope for privatization, and the redesign social policy.
Training the Workforce in Latin America: What Needs to be Done?
Authors: Márquez Gustavo
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the status of training policies in Latin America, and to review some new approaches that are shaping the evolution of policies and institutions in the region. The ideas presented here rely heavily on discussions held over the last five years with government, private sector, and union officials in a number of countries in the region about organizational, institutional, and financial changes of training institutions. As such, this paper presents just a snapshot of a very active and lively discussion about training institutions and policies, where new lessons are being learned and new approaches are being developed practically every day. In the first section the authors discuss why and how training policies are a legitimate and important object of public policies. Next, they discuss the institutional structure of the training systems in Latin America at the light of their adequacy to coordinate the acquisition and use of skills by the work force. Training systems in the region have evolved differently from a common original model, mostly as a consequence of the different sets of circumstances and institutional capabilities that governments, the private sector, and unions had in each country. The adoption of the wide set of policies proposed here will be of course a gradual process, and needs to be tailored to the particular circumstances and capabilities each country faces. The findings presented here add up to a wider vision of the tools that policy makers have when trying to provide the population at large with the level and mix of skills needed by workers and firms to create the more productive jobs associated with a more competitive economy.
Addresing the Implementation of Preferential Trade Agreements: The Law and Pratice of the European Union-MJS
Authors: Luff David
Published: March 2024

Trade agreements imply preferential trade treatment among the parties. As such, they must in principle meet the conditions of Articles XXIV of GATT and V of GATS. This means that an agreement must provide for reciprocal trade benefits for substantially all trade in goods between the parties, and it must have substantial sectoral coverage in relation to services. It can apply to selected countries as opposed to others. Trade preferences are also possible under the Enabling Clause. While in this case reciprocal trade benefits are not required, the preferences must be granted to developing countries only, and no discretionary selection of them is possible otherwise than through objective criteria.
Reform Priorities for Sub-national Revenues in Brazil
Authors: Ter-Minassian Teresa
Published: March 2024

This paper surveys the system of sub-national own revenues and the inter- governmental transfer system (including the sharing of oil revenues) in Brazil, highlighting their critical flaws. The latter include heavy reliance on a mixed- origin/destination-based value-added tax and many sub-national governments' inadequate exploitation of the tax bases assigned to them. The paper then discusses reform priorities, outlining a comprehensive reform strategy and some initial steps that could be taken toward its implementation in the near term, as well as related political economy considerations.
Coping with Financial Crises: Latin American Answers to European Questions
Authors: Cavallo Eduardo A. , Fernández-Arias Eduardo
Published: March 2024

Europe faces challenges reminiscent of Latin American financial crises. The failure of recent liquidity support to normalize the situation in Europe suggests the need to refocus the policy debate on fundamentals: structural reform for growth and, where needed, restructuring to resolve banking crises and the debt overhang. Latin America's experience yields relevant policy lessons for Europe on those fronts except concerning the use of sharp real devaluations to spearhead recovery: euro-zone countries following suit by reintroducing devalued national currencies would invite catastrophe. Despite this constraint, Europe stands a better chance of navigating the path out of the crisis because it has cooperative mechanisms unavailable in Latin America. European cooperation can provide support for orderly crisis resolution as well as growth and competitiveness within the currency union fold, to the benefit of all members. However, the path is uncharted, and successful regional cooperation will require innovation and political will.
Diaspora Direct Investment Policy: Options for Development
Authors: Rodríguez-Montemayor Eduardo
Published: March 2024

In today's globalized world, goods and capital are flowing as never before. The movement of people across borders has also enlarged significantly. About 215 million people live away from their home country and many members of such Diasporas are prospering abroad and are eager to extend such success by investing in their homeland. In this paper we explore the impacts of Diaspora Direct Investment (DDI) on international development, i.e. we look at how direct investments from foreign companies connected to Diaspora members (i.e. diaspora-owned firms or firms with diaspora members in the top management) boost productive activities in the home country of such people. One of the main advantages of DDI is that it is more stable than other types of FDI, particularly during unfavorable economic conditions, because of the emotional connections of diaspora members to their country of origin. Moreover, such companies engaging in DDI are often seen as the ¿first movers¿ into a country due to potential advantages they have in terms of knowing the culture and having social networks in the home country. This may act as a catalyst for further investment from other companies by providing market and operational information about the homeland to potential investors. We focus particularly on the experience of Latin America and analyze policy options to design comprehensive diaspora strategies that maximize investments, institutional development and the flow of talent and ideas. Such strategies, which would ideally involve Diaspora members in their formulation, can give Diaspora entrepreneurs support in terms of networking, mentoring and training (e.g. business incubators). Nonetheless, a more mature stage of diaspora engagement would be achieved with the development of venture capital funds as well as other sources of financing (e.g. matching funds). The smart utilization of digital technologies for connecting Diasporas empowers all such policy options.
Okun and Jamaica at 50: How Does Unemployment React to Growth?
Authors: Nugent Stevonne , Schmid Juan Pedro
Published: March 2024

Jamaica is projected to exit a prolonged recession that has left deep scars in the socioeconomic conditions of the country. Besides increasing macroeconomic vulnerabilities and halting economic growth, advances in poverty and unemployment were reversed. Unemployment bottomed in 2009 at 9.5 percent but increased over the following years until reaching more than 16 percent by April 2013, and poverty increased from 9.9 percent in 2007 to 17.6 percent in 2010. Following the literature on Okun's rule of thumb, we explore how the projected recovery will be reflected in the labor market. Results indicate that there is an association between GDP growth and unemployment - a 1 percent growth in GDP results in a 0.3 percent reduction in unemployment. These values indicate that under current growth projections, unemployment in Jamaica will remain above the psychologically important threshold of 10 percent for several years.
Impact of Climate Change Mitigation Policies in OECD Countries on Carbon Emissions Intensive Export Industries in Latin America
Authors: Zotz Ann-Kathrin
Published: March 2024

This paper focuses on carbon-intensive export industries in Latin America and the Caribbean in order to analyze how climate change mitigation policies in the developed countries of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) influence trade patterns in developing countries. In particular, it examines Latin American's exposure to potential embodied carbon tariffs and the region's response and actions to avoid said tariffs. The carbon-intensive industries in Latin America were chosen as examples based on the list of industrial sectors identified as "exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage" in the European Commission Decision at the end of 2009
Grading Fiscal Policy in Latin America in the Last Decade
Authors: Pérez Pérez Jorge Eduardo , Fernández-Arias Eduardo
Published: March 2024

Fiscal policy in Latin America has been historically imprudent and continues to be viewed with skepticism. At the same time, most countries have remained out of trouble for several years and were able to successfully conduct proactive countercyclical fiscal policy to fight the Great Recession, a historical first. This paper examines the last decade to assess progress, highlight weaknesses, and chart the way forward. The paper looks at structural fiscal balances, filtering out the business cycle and commodity price fluctuations to assess prudent fiscal policy concerning cyclical management and long-run sustainability. Up to the Great Recession countries deserved good grades, in the B range, on both counts. Afterwards, satisfactory cyclical management continued but, critically, extraordinary circumstances led to a regime change in the level of the underlying structural balance. Successful countercyclical fiscal policy was prudently undertaken in the crisis but not decisively unwound in its aftermath, leaving behind an unsatisfactory fiscal stance. With this "Incomplete" grades slipped to the C range and may end up as an F unless there is normalization to pre-crisis levels to regain sustainability. On a constructive note, the paper distills lessons from experience and charts the path of fiscal reform to reach an A grade.