bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Abbey Theatre Repertory playhouse in DUBLIN associated with the IRISH LITERARY REVIVAL. In 1904, Miss Annie Fredericka Horniman, an Englishwoman and friend of the poet and playwright William Butler YEATS (one of its first co-directors), financed the reconstruction of the then unoccupied Mechanics’ Institute, located in Abbey Street. It was intended to serve as the home for the Irish National Theatre Society, founded in 1902 as a successor to the IRISH LITERARY THEATRE established by Yeats, Lady Augusta GREGORY and Edward Martyn in 1899 to promote Irish drama. On 27 December 1904, the Abbey Theatre opened with three one-act plays: Yeats’s On Baile’s Strand and Cathleen ni Houlihan and Lady Gregory’s Spreading the News.  Exiles, Joyce’s only extant play, was rejected by Yeats in August 1917, because it did not evoke Irish folk drama and was not the type of play that Yeats believed could be performed well by the company. To date, Joyce’s play has never been performed at the Abbey.
C
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

“Cahra” The title of a poem Joyce wrote in 1903, sometime after the death of his mother on 13 August. The poem was revised in 1919 and retitled “RUMINANTS.” Joyce later rewrote the poem, yet again, renaming it “TILLY,” and placed it first in his collection Pomes Penyeach (1927). Caffrey, Cissy In Ulysses, a minor character and friend of Gerty MACDOWELL and Edy BOARDMAN. In the NAUSIKAA episode (chapter 13) she appears with them on Sandymount Strand, where Leopold BLOOM is lingering after visiting Paddy DIGNAM’s widow.
G
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Gabler Edition Common designation of a revised edition of Ulysses prepared by the German Joyce scholar and textual critic Hans Walter Gabler (b. 1939), with Wolfhard Steppe and Claus Melchior, and published in three volumes under the title Ulysses: A Critical and Synoptic Edition, by Garland Publishing in 1984. In his foreword, Gabler states that his version, the only critical edition of Ulvsses, “offers a new original text” that corrects “well over 5,000 departures from the author’s own text as established from the documents of composition.” Not only are the relatively simple matters of erroneous spellings and improper punctuation corrected but omitted material is restored. For instance, the Gabler text includes a passage in the SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS episode (U 9.429-431) that is not found in the original 1922 edition or any subsequent edition of Ulysses until this one. This addition informs a passage in which Stephen DEDALUS sees an apparition of his mother in the CIRCE episode (U 15.4192--4193). (The question of whether the omission was intended by Joyce is a matter of dispute.) The Gabler edition of Ulysses quickly began to replace earlier editions of the novel in scholarly research and was for a time referred to as “the corrected text,” implying a definitive work. The 1986 Random House one-volume edition (Gabler’s text without the critical apparatus) was advertised as such. (This text was also published by the BODLEY HEAD in Britain.)
H
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Hades The sixth episode of Ulysses, and the third chapter in the WANDERINGS OF ULYSSES section. It was serialized in the September 1918 issue of The LITTLE REVIEW. In Book X of The ODYSSEY of HOMER, Odysseus is instructed by Circe to seek the counsel of the blind seer, Tiresias, in Hades, the abode of the dead ruled by Hades, the brother of Zeus. In Book XI, after the necessary ritual sacrifices, Odysseus descends into Hades. There the ghost of Tiresias appears. He explains to Odysseus that Poseidon is preventing him from returning immediately to Ithaca, and he cautions Odysseus about the many dangers that he must still face on his journey.
L
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Lambert, Ned (Edward J.) A character in Ulysses who first appears at the funeral of Paddy DIGNAM in the HADES episode (chapter 6). In the AEOLUS episode (chapter 7), Lambert lingers in the EVENING TELEGRAPH office over the noon hour before going off for a drink with his friend Simon DEDALUS. During the WANDERING ROCKS episode (chapter 10), Lambert gives the Rev. Hugh C. Love a tour of the old St Mary’s Abbey, the site of Silken Thomas’s renunciation of his allegiance to Henry VIII and now a grain storehouse. Still later, he stops in for a drink at BARNEY KIERNAN’S pub during the CYCLOPS episode (chapter 12).
M
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

MacCann A character, identified only by his surname, who appears in the fifth chapter of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. He is depicted as the most vocal political activist at UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN. MacCann champions the cause of pacifism, and bristles at Stephen DEDALus’s refusal to sign a document that he is circulating praising the efforts of Czar Nicholas to promote universal peace. Joyce modeled MacCann on Francis SHEEHY-SKEFFINGTON, a friend and University College classmate. MacCann also appears in Stephen Hero and in Ulysses, where he is recalled as a creditor by Stephen during the NESTOR episode (chapter 2). Although his name in these two works is Philip McCann, his character remains essentially the same.
R
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Rabelais, Fran ois (1483?-1553) French humanist scholar, physician and satirist best known for his Gargantua and Pantagruelz, a bawdy chronicle of two giants, father and son. Through the exaggerated appetites and adventures of these characters and their companions, the tales ridicule the foibles, beliefs and institutions of late medieval French society. Rabelais’s employment of coarse, graphic language and his use of detailed, ludicrous catalogues that parody epic conventions are distinguishing features of his work. Such features had some influence on Joyce’s Ulysses-in the CYCLOPS episode (chapter 12), for instance, and in the numerous hallucinations that punctuate the CIRCE episode (chapter 15)-and on Finnegam Wake, which contains parodies of epic conventions and medieval romances. Although Joyce, possibly afraid of seeming derivative, resisted comparisons with Rabelais, claiming not to have read him, he did have a copy of !,es cinq livres in his Trieste library and acquired the English version, The Works of Rabelais, translated by Gustave Dore, sometime after moving to Paris in J 920. For additional details, see Letters III.40, 44 and 74n.4.
U
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Ulysses ( l) Joyce’s mock-heroic epic novel celebrating the events of one day ( 16 June 1904) in the lives of three Dubliners, the novel’s main characters: Leopold BLOOM, his wife Molly BLOOM and Stephen DEDALUS. This June day is known to Joyceans everywhere as BLOOMSDAY. Published on Joyce’s fortieth birthday (2 February 1922), Ulysses is a landmark in twentieth-century literature and a watershed in the history of the novel, and next to Finnegan1• Wake, represents Joyce’s most sustained and innovative creative effort.
V
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Valery, (Ambrose) Paul (1871-1945) French poet and critic who, as a young man, was influenced by the SYMBOLIST MOVEMENT. Valery was elected to the French Academy in 1925. He first met Joyce in Paris in the early 1920s and remained friends with him through the late 1930s, although their friendship was not particularly close. On 27 June 1929, Valery was among the guests at the Dejeuner Ulysse, a luncheon organized by Adrienne MONNIER to celebrate the publication of the first French translation of .Joyce’s Ulysses. According to .Joyce’s biographer, Richard ELLMANN, Joyce especially liked the opening of Valery’s poem Ebauches d’un serpent. Vance, Eileen A character who appears in the first two chapters of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. She lives in. Bray, and is the neighbor and childhood friend of Stephen DEDALUS. Stephen’s attraction to Eileen is tempered by Dante RIORDAN’s admonition not to play with her because the Vances are Protestant. Joyce based this character on his recollections of a childhood playmate of the same name.
W
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Wake Newslitter, A A journal devoted to printing notes and short essays that foster the study of Finnegans Wake. Founded by Fritz SENN and Clive HART, A Wake Newslitter was published on an irregular basis (numbers 1-18) from March 1962 to December 1963. At that point it began to appear on a bimonthly schedule, under the designation New Series, from volume 1 number 1, published in February 1964, to volume 17 number 6, which appeared in December 1980. Over this same period it also published a number of monographs on diverse topics relating to Finnegans Wake. Wandering Rocks, The The tenth episode of Ulysses and the seventh in the WANDERINGS OF ULYSSES section. It was serialized in the .June and .July 1919 issues of The LITTLE REVIEW, and the first half of the episode also appeared in the December 1919 issue of the London journal The EGOIST.
Y
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: November 2023

Yeats, William Butler (1865-1939) Nobel prizewinning Irish writer, cofounder of the Irish Literary Theatre, senator and one of the most influential dramatists and poets of the twentieth century, whose work dominated the Irish literary scene at the turn of the century. While Joyce admired Yeats’s artistic achievements, their approaches to creating literature were very different. Yeats’s involvement in the “Celtic Twilight”-that period of the IRISH LITERARY REVIVAL extending from the turn of the century to the beginning of World War I-his didactic and nationalist poetry and his commitment to political activity all reflected personal and artistic positions to which Joyce was opposed. Some critics have speculated that Yeats’s success as a poet influenced Joyce’s decision to concentrate his energies on creating fiction. Yet despite occasional friction (like his attack on Yeats in “The HOLY OFFICE”), any rivalry that Joyce may have felt was ultimately neutralized by a deep admiration for Yeats’s work.
Myth or Ritual
Authors: Bell Catherine
Published: November 2023

The study of ritual began with a prolonged and influential debate on the origins of religion that gave rise to several important styles of interpretation—evolutionary, sociological, and psychological—from which new fields of scholarship emerged. The simple question at the heart of this productive controversy was whether religion and culture were originally rooted in myth or in ritual. While the theoretical positions people adopted were more diverse and nuanced than any simple answer to this question would imply, their general emphases were nonetheless clear and decisive. This section will present this debate insofar as it influenced thinking about religion. There are four main lines of thought: several early theorists who raised the issues; the myth and ritual schools, which tended to see ritual as the source of religion and culture; a loose set of phenomenologists of religion who tended to emphasize myth; and, finally, the psychoanalytic approach, which borrowed heavily from all these areas. At various times in the last century, representatives of most of these groups have of fered interpretations of the ancient Babylonian new year ritual known as the Akitu festival. Hence, a profile of these competing interpretations provides the opportunity to witness these theories at work.
The Relationship between the Two Recensions
Authors: Bergren Theodore A
Published: November 2023

The analysis in chapter 3 established the interrelationships of the manuscripts and other witnesses to the text of 6 Ezra up to the point oft and u, the two main hyparchic types of the stemma. It has been shown that for 4 and 5 Ezra, these two Hyarchetypes manifest two distinct textual recensions, usually labeled the “French” and “Spanish,” respectively.’ Given what is known about the transmission history of 6 Ezra, it would not be surprising were it found that, here too, the two Hyarchetypes are textually distinct enough to represent two different editorial recensions. Indeed, even a cursory examination of these two texts indicates that this is the case. The purpose of this chapter, then, is to examine the relationship between these texts in order to discern the nature and origin of this relationship.
The Problem of God’s Anger
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E
Published: November 2023

Moreover, this anger may occur in complex combinations with their love. There is no neat polarization of emotions here. For theologians intent on depicting God as a neoclassical or sentimental character, these biblical passages have presented a real difficulty. Indeed, this may be the chief problem underlying efforts to depict God in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Protestant theology. Liberal theologians found help here in new forms of biblical criticism and doctrinal interpretation. But this did not solve the problem entirely and in some instances aggravated it. Conservatives, for their part, while maintaining allegiance in theory to traditional Protestant doctrines that had recognized God’s anger, still developed neoclassical characterizations of God.
Love in the Trinity
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E
Published: November 2023

The great problem with romantic love is that it makes a character look weak and confused. In neoclassicism, love blends with reason into a serene benevolence. Even in sentimentalism, where love is more properly a passion, one mainly suffers for others, not for oneself. But in romantic love you long for someone else and suffer for yourself. This is why in the end it was almost easier to ascribe romantic anger rather than romantic love to God. If anger in humanitarianism had been associated with weakness, in romanticism it could be associated with strength. Romanticism, in a sense, reverses the neoclassical and sentimental polarization of emotions, making love now look weak and anger strong. Romanticism also can shatter this polarization. Then you get the romantic emotional state par excellence: ambivalence. A character weakened by love may seek to assert himself through anger—at the person loved.
Desire and Disgust
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E
Published: November 2023

A year after the publication of Baird’s 1860 treatise, The First and Second Adam, Horace Bushnell revised his 1847 work, Christian Nurture. Like Baird, Bushnell also gave Romans 5 an anthropomorphic gloss by characterizing God as a propagative force. Instead of drawing on the prophecy from Isaiah, however, Bushnell drew on the second chapter of Malachi, which also referred to God’s “seed.” The difference between the two verses was significant, for using the verse in Malachi made it easier for Bushnell to suggest that God the Father, rather than Christ, was involved with this “seed.” This helped Bushnell to leave aside the Trinity as God’s propagative sphere. In place of this, Bushnell imagined a more individuated characterization of God in a direct relationship with the human race.
Prospects
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E
Published: November 2023

The relationship between theology and literature, of course, is only one aspect of theological development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A more comprehensive analysis of this development would need to focus more on science, especially the challenges that Darwinism posed to theology during this period. But a historical understanding of how neoclassical and sentimental characterizations of God persisted in the twentieth century may give us insight for future study into the challenge of Darwinism. For instance, we can ask, what was it that made Darwinism such a shock to theology in the late nineteenth century? The harshness of Darwinian nature was certainly a factor; such a vision of nature seemed incompatible with the character of God. But is this because theologians assumed that God must have a neoclassical character, a character suited to the enlightenment vision of nature? An emotionally complex characterization of God might prove more resonant with the complexity we now see in nature.1
“Prayer-Meetings ... in all parts of the land” The Revival Takes Shape as History
Authors: Long Kathryn Teresa
Published: November 2023

Among Its Front-Page letters to the editor on September 30, 1858, the New York Christian Advocate and Journal ran a note calling for a book about the Revival of 1857-58: “Is it not the duty of the M.E. [Methodist Epis copal] Church, through some of her sons, to furnish the public and posterity a standard work on this subject? We have had a prominent share of the labors and fruits of this revival; and we owe it to God, his general Church, and the world to render our tribute of history in this matter. Who will undertake it-who?”1 It was a clarion call, and an answer quickly arrived, but not, perhaps, as the writer had hoped. By the end of the year five books had been written about the revival, three of them destined to become the standard primary-source accounts. But all were written or edited by men who stood in the tradition of John Calvin rather than John Wesley. The three narrative works were The Power of Prayer, by Samuel Irenaeus Prime; The Noon Prayer Meeting of the North Dutch Church, by Talbot W. Chambers; and Narratives of Remarkable Conversions and Revival Incidents, by William C. Conant. The other two books were The Revival and Its Lessons, a collection of tracts written during the revival by James W. Alexander, and an anthology of sermons, The New York Pulpit in the Revival of I858, edited by Prime.
The Presbyterian Challenge
Authors: Cooper James F
Published: November 2023

Meeting Privately In 1641, a group of Massachusetts ministers addressed a proposition that ought to have occasioned no debate whatsoever: “that the assembly of elders have power over particular churches.” At length, the clergymen reaffirmed the long-standing principle of Congregational autonomy-that every church enjoyed “government within itself”-but not before pastor John Eliot of Roxbury offered a spirited justification for the binding authority of the collective elders. Eliot was not alone in his belief that a decade of New World experiences pointed to the need for stronger consociational authority in church government.
The Recapitation of Young Grooms
Authors: Nabokov Isabelle
Published: November 2023

The ceremony that incorporates the newly dead into Tamil household devotions should become familiar since it is structurally identical to the pey-exorcism discussed in chapters 5 and 6.1 From beginning to end, it exploits the same tripartite core sequence of actions, the same linguistic and bodily enactments, and is likewise performed by the ritual musicians, known as pampaikkii.rar. But since these family dead are honored guests whose presence is highly desired, their intervention is invested with contradictory significance; the structure of their ritual operations and their objectives stand in binary opposition to those that “make the demon-pey run away. ” Rather than working toward the separation, or what Luc de Heusch terms, the “disjunction ” of human and supernatural spheres, their objective here is to achieve the fusion or “conjunction ” between the living and the dead (1981: 213). In presenting this opposition this chapter will depart from the mode of narration one finds throughout the rest of this book. Rather than describing a particular enactment by specific protagonists in an actual context, here I construct an abstract performance, divorced of social processes and personal interests. I do this because it was when I reduced this ritual to its bare essentials and compared it to the exorcism that I came to grasp its symbolism and the full significance of its climactic sequence. As we will see, such comparative perspectives clearly highlight the fact that this ritual ends up enacting personal transformations that are alike in all ways to those affected by the exorcism except that they are opposed. They also suggest that the ceremonial incorporation of the dead in the household is just as prescriptive and just as coercive on the Tamil self as the ritual which expels the demons from this world.
Introduction
Authors: Wolff Christian
Published: November 2023

These few verses comprise all that the Bible has to say about the marriage between Joseph, the son of Jacob, and Aseneth, the daughter of an Egyptian priest. Although prohibitions against intermarriage occur in numerous biblical passages, it would appear that for the authors and editors of the Bible, this story was unremarkable.
Aseneth and Mystical Transformation in the Hekhalot Traditions
Authors: Wolff Christian
Published: November 2023

Within the traditions that envision intercourse between the human and the divine, encounters with suprahuman beings often exhibit a strong mystical dimension. They focus, that is, on the extraordinary and the spiritual, on the fate of souls and the cosmos. Sometimes they impute cosmic significance to seemingly ordinary or earthly events. They may be contrasted, perhaps, with narratives such as those in Judges 6 and Judges 13 that focus on events in this world, on the ordinary, and on the bodily, although the distinction may often be a subtle one of emphasis and degree rather than kind. Already within the biblical tradition, the visions of Daniel afford an excellent example of such mystical encounters, where the “human figure” whom Daniel sees comes to “help you understand what is to happen to your people at the end of days.” Within the wider circle of Greco-Roman religious traditions, encounters with the divine in the mysteries of Isis, Mithras, Cybele, Demeter, and Dionysos similarly had significance for the fate of the soul, particularly after death.
Edward Taylor and the Feast of Tabernacles
Authors: Munk Linda
Published: November 2023

The compassionate One! May he erect for us David’s fallen booth [sukkah]. The compassionate One! May He make us worthy of the days of Messiah and the life of the World to Come.

Liturgy for the Feast of Tabernacles

For the present subject matter of our discussion is the mystery of the true Feast of Tabernacles. For on this
The Enigma of the Oceanic Feeling
Authors: Parsons William b.
Published: November 2023

This study examines the history of the psychoanalytic theory of mysticism, starting with the seminal correspondence between Freud and Romain Rolland concerning the concept of “oceanic feeling.” Providing a corrective to current views which frame psychoanalysis as pathologizing mysticism, Parsons reveals the existence of three models entertained by Freud and Rolland: the classical reductive, ego-adaptive, and transformational (which allows for a transcendent dimension to mysticism). Then, reconstructing Rolland’s personal mysticism (the “oceanic feeling”) through texts and letters unavailable to Freud, Parsons argues that Freud misinterpreted the oceanic feeling. In offering a fresh interpretation of Rolland’s mysticism, Parsons constructs a new dialogical approach for psychoanalytic theory of mysticism which integrates culture studies, developmental perspectives, and the deep epistemological and transcendent claims of the mystics.
Origins, Birth, and Baptism
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

It was back in the time of the king. In those days, one of the four corners at the intersection of Ouvidor and Qyitanda streets was referred to as “Bailiffs’ Corner.” And an apt name it was, for that corner was the favorite meeting place of all the individuals exercising that office, which was then held in no inconsiderable esteem. The bailiffs of today are but meager shadows of bailiffs in the time of the king, which were figures fearsome and feared, respectable and respected. They represented one end of a formidable judicial chain that embraced all of Rio de Janeiro back when, amongst us, legal proceedings constituted one of the staples of life. At the other end were the appeals court judges. Now, ends can, after all, meet, and those ends, when they met, formed a circle inside of which there was fought out a terrible combat of summonses, bills of indictment, principal and final arguments, and all the judicial maneuverings that go into a court case. Hence the moral influence the bailiffs exercised.
The Compadre’s ‘1’ve Done Pretty Well”
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

The readers will probably recall what the compadre said while he was building castles in the air about his godson and considering having him take up his own trade-that “I’ve done pretty well” that we promised to explain further. We shall now make good on that promise. If anyone were to ask the compadre about his parents, about his relatives, about his birth, he would have nothing to say-because he knew nothing at all about those matters. All that was recalled of his history daughter of his whose address he gave. Beyond that money he charged him as well to collect his pay for the current voyage and deliver it to the same destination. These were the only last wishes that he charged the “doctor” with carrying out, and he declared that he would be watching from the other world to see how he took care of them.
Progress and Setback
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

Bearing in mind the explanations of the preceding chapter, let us now return to the subject of our memoirs, whom we have neglected for some little while. And let us hasten to give the reader some good news: The boy had finally extricated himself from “F” and was to be found all the way in “P,” where unfortunately he had again become stuck. The godfather was extremely happy with this progress, seeing some brightening on the horizon of his expectations. He proclaimed positively that he had never seen a child with a better memory than his godson, and every lesson that the latter learned-on a four-day by four-day pace at minimum -was tohim a triumph. There was, nonetheless, one thing that saddened him in the midst of this all: The boy had a decided aversion for prayer and in general for everything having to do with religion. He was incapable of making the sign of the cross from left to right; he always made it from right to left. And the godfather, despite all his patience and good will, could not get him to say even half of the “Pater Noster” from memory without making mistakes; instead of saying “Thy kingdom come,” he would always say “Our bread be come.” Going to Mass or to sermon was for him the greatest of all trials. This made the godfather despair at times, even to the point of agreeing with the comadre that the boy had no inclination for the clerical life. Those, however, were but passing clouds; there was always one thing or another that made all his hopes rekindle, and the man moved on reassured in his labor.
Scandal
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

Despite everything he had suffered for the sake of love, Leonardo did not really endeavor to change. While he remembered the jail, the grenadiers, and Vidigal, he forgot the gypsy girl-or, rather, he thought about her only to swear to forget her. As his companions’ jibes gradually ended, however, his passion began to rekindle, and a great battle took place between his tender impulses and his dignity, in which the latter had almost carried the day when an unfortunate discovery came to upset everything. Leonardo one day discovered, we know not through what means, that the lucky rival who had driven him off the field was the liturgy master of the Se! At that, the blood rushed to his head, “But a priest!?” he said. “I must save that poor creature from hell, for that is where her life is taking her.” And he set out anew with entreaties, with promises, with pledges to the gypsy girl, who would give in to none of them.
The Plan’s Success
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

So that our readers may remain calm-for you are doubtless gravely concerned about the liturgy master-let us hasten to say that he did not actually go to jail: Vidigal wanted merely to give him a taste of the medicine, and after exposing him to public scrutiny for some hours in the guardhouse, as had happened to Leonardo, he let him go, ashamed, cowed, cursing that idea he had had of attending his mistress’s birthday party from inside that little room. As for Leonardo, he was brimming over with joy. His revenge was virtually complete: He had seen his rival arrested by the grenadiers, just as had happened to him, and taken to the guardhouse, to suffer there the scrutiny of the curious. True, the whipping and the days in jail were missing, but it was also the case that he was a mere bailiff while the liturgy master was a respected priest, and therefore anything at all would have the effect of wounding him gravely.
Love
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

The readers must by now be weary of stories about boyish misdeeds; you are sufficiently aware of what the subject of these memoirs was like as a child, the hopes that he held out and the future that he promised. We shall now skip over a number of years and see some of the hopes realized. The stories now beginning are, if not more important, at least a bit more sensible. As always happens to those who have much from which to choose, the boy whom his godfather wished to send to the University of Coimbra to become a cleric, whom his godmother wanted to send to the Conceis:ao to become an artisan, and whom Dona Maria wanted to send to a law office to become a shyster, whom, in sum, every friend or acquaintance wanted to provide with the future that they judged most fitting to the inclinations they perceived in him, the boy, we repeat, having so many good possibilities, chose the worst possible of them. He did not go to Coimbra, nor did he go to the Conceis:ao, nor to any law office; he did none of those things, nor, for that matter, anything else. He in fact became a complete idler, a master idler, the very prototype of the idler.
The Prayer Master
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

Everything that had just taken place in Dona Maria’s house had put Jose Manuel’s head in a whirl. He realized that he had an enemy there, whoever it might be, since obviously all this was nothing more than a plot directed specifically at him. It remained, however, for him to discover who that enemy was and, cogitate on it as he might, he could not come up with an answer. Because of the kind of plot it was, he realized that the motivation must have to do with his intentions with regard to Luisinha, which had doubtless been perceived; he began to suspect that there must be a rival. In the circle that frequented Dona Maria’s house, he saw no one who seemed to be in that category. He did often think of the young Leonardo, but he did not find him capable of such things.
Jose Manuel’s Complete Triumph
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

It was a Saturday afternoon. In Dona Maria’s house there was intense activity: The slave-children and other slaves were hurrying in and out; the drawing room was being dusted; the chairs were being arranged; there was much running, talking, shouting. Out of her usual practice, the lady of the house was wearing an elegant dress of fine muslin embroidered in silver, with a very low bodice and puff sleeves. Be it said in passing that the silver of the embroidery had grown tarnished and the rest of the dress somewhat soiled. Dona Maria was also wearing an outlandishly high hairdo, a heavy pair of chrysolite earrings in her ears, and ten or a dozen rings of various sizes and designs on her fingers. Luisinha also was wearing a dress that anyone less experienced on the topic would have suspected was the legitimate offspring of her aunt’s; she wore a headdress of white plumes and a rosary with very thick gold beads around her waist.
Death Is the judge
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

Dona Maria set out directly for home in her sedan-chair. When she got there she noticed a great uproar and commotion and immediately tried to discover its cause. One of her niece’s slave-men was waiting for her with a letter. As soon as she had read it Dona Maria was not so much saddened as set back on her heels.

“Don’t remove the sedan-chair; just wait, for I’ll be going out again.” And indeed she climbed into it anew and ordered that she be taken to her niece’s house.
“Horrible Splendour of Desire”
Authors: Mahaffey Vicki
Published: November 2023

At the height of his success, Wilde confused his life with his art, acting as if his deeds were free from real consequences. William Butler Yeats began his career with an attitude similar to the one that derailed Wilde’s; to the young Yeats, everything was art. Life was simply a responsibility-laden distraction from the richness of an imagination inflamed by natural beauty. If Wilde worshiped youth, innocence. and even criminality, organizing his preferences as a love of green that was rooted in his identity as a homosexual and an Irishman, Yeats idealized passion, women, and a vision of heterosexual bliss uncomplicated by personal experience. Unlike Wilde, who insisted that his flowers be “green” or young, Yeats paid homage to flowers by personifying them to form an eroticized and divine woman who was also Ireland. Under the influence of the pre-Raphaelites and Tennyson, in the 1890s Yeats initially imagined woman as incarnated lily and rose, alternating between purity and passion, but gradually he dropped the lily and developed the rose into an image as capacious and complex in its symbolism as Wilde’s verdancy. Eventually, and much less traumatically than Wilde. Yeats achieved a richer understanding of the life he had deprecated
Joyful Desire
Authors: Mahaffey Vicki
Published: November 2023

Both Wilde and Yeats, in different ways, idealized art and beauty in their youth. Only gradually and under pressure did they come to see the beauty of art differently, not as an alternative to life, but as an expression of life’s contradictory, contingent, and volatile nature. Moreover, the aesthetic idealism of both Wilde and Yeats was importantly connected with their love of Ireland, which both constructed as a “lost” world of imagination and art, an alternative to the materialistic and urban values they associated with England. Wilde, with his love of green, and Yeats, with his adoration of flowers, paid homage to their common homeland by abstracting it into a pastoral Utopia to which they could secretly, imaginatively return in their art. Fortunately, the art of both was governed by laws so flexible and precise that it gave them a model for a revised view of life, in which life and art overlapped, differing primarily in their capacity to be replayed.
Symbolic Geography and Psychic Landscapes: A Conversation with Maya Angelou
Authors: Braxton Joanne M
Published: November 2023

Maya Angelou, Z. Smith Reynolds Professor of American Studies at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, is the author of five autobiographies, of which I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1970) is the first and best known.1 Even before accepting the lifetime appointment at Wake Forest, Angelou’s teaching and experience spanned not only the United States and Europe but also Africa and the Middle East. A celebrated poet, teacher, and lecturer who has taught at the University of California, the University of Kansas, and the University of Ghana, among other places, Angelou has been honored for her academic and humanistic contributions as a Rockefeller Foundation Scholar and a Yale University Fellow. While in Ghana, she worked for the African Review as feature editor. Previously, while residing in Cairo, Egypt, Angelou (who speaks French, Spanish, and Fanti) edited the Arab Observer.
Learning to Live: When the Bird Breaks from the Cage
Authors: Moore Opal
Published: November 2023

There is, it seems, a widespread movement afoot to assert the innocence of children even as we deny or sabotage that innocence. There is what appears to be a head-in-the-sand impulse to insist upon this innocence by simply refusing to acknowledge its nonexistence.
Singini the Block, Mother: Maya Angelou and Autobiograpical Connutityti
Authors: Lupton Mary Jane
Published: November 2023

Spanning the first sixteen years of her life, I Know Why the Ca3ed Bird Sin3s opens with Maya Angelou’s arrival, at the green age of three, in dusty Stamps, Arkansas. Her parents’ marriage dissolved, Maya and her older brother, Bailey, have been sent across country from their parents’ home in Long Beach, California, to Momma’s, their paternal grandmother’s, in Stamps. After five years of chores, books, fantasies, and escapades with Bailey, Maya rejoins her mother in teeming, gray St. Louis. There she is raped, at age eight, by her mother’s lover, who in retaliation is murdered by her uncles.
Maya Angelou and Autobiographical Continuity
Authors: Tate Claudia
Published: November 2023

Now my problem I have is I love life, I love living life and I love the art ofliving, so I try to live my life as a poetic adventure, everything I do from the way I keep my house, cook, make my husband happy, or welcome my friends, raise my son; everything is part of a large canvas I am creating, I am living beneath. (Chrisman, 46) This Energetic Statement from a 1977 interview with Maya Angelou merely hints at the variety of roles and experiences that sweep through what is presently her five-volume autobiographical series: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1970), Gather Together in My Name (1974), Singin’ and Swingin’ and Gettin’ Merry Like Christmas (1976), The Heart of a Woman (1981), and All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986).1It is fitting that Angelou, so adept at metaphor, should compare her “poetic adventure” to the act of painting: “everything is part of a large canvas I am creating, I am living beneath.” Like an unfinished painting, the autobiographical series is an ongoing creation in a form that rejects the finality of a restricting frame.
Introduction
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People has been in existence for nearly ninety years. James Weldon Johnson wrote, “I think it is fair to say that there is no phase of race relations in America which the [NAACP J has not profoundly affected.”1 Roy Wilkins called the NAACP the most radical idea of this century-the idea was to abolish legal segregation. a goal the organization achieved in the 1954 Brown decision. The trenchant and sweeping apparatus of the NAACP since its inception in 1909 has. without question, been the most effective force for the freedom of black Americans. In short, for most of this century the organization can claim almost monopolistic credit for civil rights achievements. It is likely that without the NAACP, this nation would have lapsed into a kind of moral vacuity.
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of November 1926
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Washington Segregation Cases On November 2 the National Office received from Mr. George E. C. Hayes the fol lowing statement: probable the other two would go free also. It was at this point that the mob stepped in and lynched the three. At the time of the writing of this report, Governor McLeod has not replied to the Assistant Secretary’s letter. The New York World has sent its star man, Oliver H. P. Garrett, to South Carolina to go into the situation fully and Mr. Louis Marshall has sent Mr. Ochs of the Times a copy of the letter to Governor McLeod. A story has been sent to the colored press and it was carried very widely and has been commented upon editorially most favorably. A copy of the letter to Governor McLeod is being sent to the newspapers which opposed the lynching. Some of the newspapers have denounced the lynching most vigorously.
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of October 1929
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Expulsion of Negro Members of Brooklyn (N.Y.) Protestant Episcopal Church Newspapers of September 17 quoted the Reverend William Blackshear, Rector of the Protestant Episcopal Church of St. Matthews, Brooklyn, New York, as having announced from his pulpit on the previous Sunday that Negro members would no longer be permitted in that church. The National Office at once took up this matter by addressing a letter to the Vestry of St. Matthew’s Church asking that they disavow and repudiate the action taken by Mr. Blackshear; also a letter was sent to Bishop Ernest M. Stires of the Long Island Diocese, asking that he “take such steps as may be proper to disavow, in behalf of the Prostestant Episcopal Church, the utterance and acts of the Rev. Mr. Blackshear and such of the Vestry as condone them.” No reply has been received from the Vestry of St. Matthew’s, but on September 23, a letter was received from Bishop Stires setting forth at length his personal attitude and that of the Prostestant Episcopal Church on the action of Mr. Blackshear. In his letter Bishop Stires said, “In my opinion such an announcement is indefensible. The Rev. Mr. Blackshear knows that this is the Bishop’s firm conviction.” The letter, which has gone to members of the Board in the Association’s press releases, constituted virtually a repudiation of the position taken by Mr. Blackshear and his vestry, which on September 23 issued a statement supporting Mr. Blackshear.
Speeches, Essays, and Articles, 1929-1955
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

In addition to his work as assistant secretary of the NAACP, Walter White con tributed articles and essays to numerous journals and newspapers. He also wrote a syndicated column for the New York Herald Tribune. The following are selected writings by White during his tenure as acting sec retary and secretary of the NAACP. They include NAACP Convention and Annual Conference speeches, articles from his New York Herald Tribune column; and essays written for Harper’s and the Nation. In general, the writings presented here are thematically consistent with his NAACP work.
The Negro and the Supreme Court
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

President Hoover nominated Judge John J. Parker, a circuit court judge from North Carolina, to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court. Within one week Walter White had checked into Parker’s record and learned that ten years before, when Parker was a candidate for governor of North Car olina, the Greensboro Daily News quoted him as saying, “The participation of the Negro in politics is a source of evil and danger to both races and is not desired by the wise men in either race or in the Republican Party of N.C.” Walter White believed that any jurist who maintained such a view point was not qualified to serve on the High Court. He further argued that he stood his best chance of obtaining justice. In that court there have been won six notable decisions within the last fifteen years, each of them of far reaching effect on the Negro’s constitutional rights. Three of those decisions outlawed the herding of Negroes in ghettos by means of city ordinance or state laws; another established the principle that trial of a person accused of crime in a court dominated by mob influence is not due process of law; while two others ended dis franchisement by means of Grandfather Clauses and through enactments pre venting participation in Democratic primaries.
The Lost Art of Dying
Authors: Heinz Donald
Published: November 2023

You have redeemed me, 0 Lord, Thou God of Truth.” Above, a devil has seized the departing soul but is being attacked by the archangel Michael. In many medieval illustrations angels and devils contend over the deathbed. Scenes of fornication, murder, and robbery contrast with images of St. Peter, Mary Magdalene, the penitent thief on the cross, or the converted St. Paul testifying to the efficacy of repentance. In some books a sick man is kicking the physician and overturning the bedside table on one page, while on the opposite page patient martyrs and the suffering Christ stand by patiently exhorting the dying to keep the faith.
In the Light of Orthodoxy: The “Method and Disposition” of Calvin’s Institutio from the Perspective of Calvin’s Late-Sixteenth-Century Editors
Authors: Muller Richard A
Published: November 2023

A small, largely neglected, but far from negligible aspect of the relationship between the Reformed theology of the mid-sixteenth century and the Reformed orthodoxy of the seventeenth century is the understanding of Calvin’s thought as it was received by later Reformed theologians. The numerous editions, translations, and synopses of the Institutes printed during the late sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries testify to its continuing use and importance to later Reformed theology. Moreover, as Brian Armstrong has shown, Calvin’s teaching was subject to several possible interpretations during the era of orthodoxy and, indeed, capable of being cited with significant effect by Moyse Amyraut against his Reformed opponents.
To Elaborate on the Topics: The Context and Method of Calvin’s Institutes
Authors: Muller Richard A
Published: November 2023

Calvin’s Institutes is a theological system—to the extent the term can be applied to the forms used to frame and present Christian doctrine between the twelfth and the seventeenth centuries. The Institutes is certainly an example of the sixteenth-century antecedent of what came to be called a “system of theology” in the seventeenth century. This point must be made, given the apparent vogue of statements to the effect that Calvin was not a “professional theologian” and wrote no “formal theology,” or that he was “a biblical theologian” who “despised what passed for systematic theology in his own time” and who was interested primarily in “the right order of teaching,” that he was “not a systematic thinker” and “did not even aspire to the construction of a system.”
Establishing the Ordo docendi: The Organization of Calvin’s Institutes, 1536-1559
Authors: Muller Richard A
Published: November 2023

The text-history and theological development of Calvin’s Institutes has been the subject of considerable scholarly discussion—from the foundational essays prepared by the nineteenth-century editors of the Opera Calvini and the refined theological and textual analyses of Kostlin, Autin, and Marmlestein to the now-classic essay of Warfield and the highly focused studies of Pannier and Benoit. Most of the detailed efforts to understand Calvin’s thought processes and intentions, however, have been focused on either the origins of his work in the 1536 Institutes or the final form of his work in the 1559 Latin and 1560 French Institutes. There have been but few examinations of the intervening editions from 1539 to 1557, and there have been virtually no concentrated analyses of the form and content of the great transition from the first edition of 1536 to the edition of 1539 and those that immediately followed it.
Prayer Without Language in the Mystical Tradition
Authors: Lane Belden C
Published: November 2023

Karl Barth once remarked that doing theology is like trying to paint a bird in flight. It is always a hazardous task, one that never improves on the original. Perhaps the first danger of the theologian is being able to write without astonishment. “Wonder” is the only adequate category by which theologians properly begin and end their work.
Introduction: Mystical Consciousness, the Innate Capacity, and the Perennial Psychology
Authors: Forman Robert K C
Published: November 2023

It is commonly observed that many, if not most, seminal religious leaders have undergone some form of mystical experiences. Less commonly known is how surprisingly widespread such experiences are; summarizing several large-scale studies, David Hay, in Religious Experience Today, concludes that nearly half-43 percent of all Americans and 48 percent of all British people-have had one or more mystical experiences. These experiences are not confined to the uneducated; more than half of all college graduates have had such experiences.