bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Effective and Ineffective Teaching: Insights From Students
Authors: Löfstrand Pär , Terp Ulrik
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to assess how students perceive teacher behaviors. The participants, responded to a survey consisting of a short version of the Teacher Behavior Checklist (TBC). The result revealed five dimensions of teacher behavior. We named these dimensions Superlative/Superhuman, Pro-social, Professional, Absent, and Insecure. The positive dimensions, superlative and pro-social had the highest overall rankings, and professional came third. The two negative aspects were behaviors that the students associated with negative teacher behaviors. The analysis revealed differences according to gender as female students rated four of the five dimensions as more important. There were also differences according to educational level. Students at Upper secondary school students rated the pro-social dimension with characteristics, such as, good listener, relation builder and understanding higher. University students had lower tolerance for the absent dimension and stressed the behaviors associated with improving critical thinking skills when compared to the younger sample.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA DI KAWASAN HUTAN MOKWAM-PEGUNUNGAN ARFAK, PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Fatem Sepus , Susanti Ika , Siburian Rima HS. , Morin Henderina , Erari Semuel S.
Published: July 2024

Hutan Mokwam merupakan kawasan hutan yang terdapat di distrik Warmare yang berpotensi sebagai kawasan ekowisata yang memiliki hewan endemik, tumbuhan/flora, Bird watching, atraksi burung pintar, Lanscape pegunungan (menara pandang), Hutan Lumut, dan Gua sebagai potensi daya tarik wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekowisata di kawasan hutan Mokwam, merumuskan strategi pengembangan kawasan hutan Mokwam berdasarkan potensi sumber daya alam dan sebagai referensi dalam menentukan arah dan kebijakan pengembangan pariwisata Provinsi Papua Barat karena adanya kunjungan wisatawan minat khusus baik asing maupun nusantara secara kontinu. Yang berimbas pada pergerakan ekonomi masyarakat lokal. Dari analisis SWOT yang digunakan peneliti dapat digambarkan bahwa banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam pengembangan ekowisata di kawasan hutan mokwam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Faktor Kunci Keberhasilan (FKK) pertama dari kekuatan dengan nilai 0,741, kedua 0,727, dan ketiga 0,709 sedangkan pada faktor kelemahan Pertama dari kelemahan dengan nilai 0,323, kedua 0,192 dan ketiga 0,528. Sementara pada faktor eksternal ditemukan Faktor Kunci Keberhasilan (FKK) pertama dari peluang dengan nilai 0,528, kedua 0,517 dan ketiga 0,516 sedangkan pada faktor ancaman dengan bobot nilai pertama 0,249, kedua 0,246 dan ketiga 0,246. Dari hasil penelitian ini kawasan hutan mokwam layak dijadikan kawasan ekowisata dengan melihat faktor lingkungan maka dapat diterapkan kawasan ekowisata berlandaskan UU no. 41/1999 dan PP No 34/2002 bentuk pemanfaatan hutan lindung terbatas pada pemanfaatan kawasan, pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan, dan pungutan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK).
Relationship between skin and body condition in three species of baleen whales
Authors: Neves J , Methion S , Díaz López B
Published: July 2024

The assessment of free-ranging cetacean health through the study of skin conditions using photographs has gained prominence in recent years. However, little attention has been given to the relationships between cetacean skin conditions, species, and body condition. To explore this relationship among baleen whale species along the northwestern coast of Spain, we employed a non-invasive method involving photograph analysis. In this study, we examined skin conditions (including injuries, epizoites and ectoparasites, pigmentation disorders, skin lesions, and anatomical malformations) and body condition (overall physical contours and form, as an indicator of nutritional status and health) in 3 species of whales (blue, fin, and minke whales). This methodology facilitated the identification of 29 subcategories of distinct skin conditions and an assessment of body condition over a 5 yr period (2017 to 2021). In our study, we present evidence linking hypopigmentation, protruding pieces of tissue, and tattoo-like lesions to ‘Poor’ body condition in the 3 baleen whale species. Fin whales exhibited a higher susceptibility to mottling (prevalence = 17.7%), while blue whales were more prone to starbursts (prevalence = 90.5%). Additionally, we found a significant relationship between skin condition diversity and individual body condition. Our findings contribute valuable information to the broader understanding of the health status of baleen whales. Further investigations are necessary to delve into the etiology of the documented skin conditions and their potential implications for individual survival. This study serves as a foundation for ongoing research aimed at advancing our comprehension of these findings.
Biological Mediators and Partial Regulatory Mechanisms on Neuropathic Pain Associated With Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Liu Z , Liu S , Zhao Y , Wang Q
Published: July 2024

One of the most common issues caused by antineoplastic agents is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). In patients, CIPN is a sensory neuropathy accompanied by various motor and autonomic changes. With a high prevalence of cancer patients, CIPN is becoming a major problem for both cancer patients and for their health care providers. Nonetheless, there are lacking effective interventions preventing CIPN and treating the CIPN symptoms. A number of studies have demonstrated the cellular and molecular signaling pathways leading to CIPN using experimental models and the beneficial effects of some interventions on the CIPN symptoms related to those potential mechanisms. This review will summarize results obtained from recent human and animal studies, which include the abnormalities in mechanical and temperature sensory responses following chemotherapy such as representative bortezomib, oxaliplatin and paclitaxel. The underlying mechanisms of CIPN at cellular and molecular levels will be also discussed for additional in-depth studies needed to be better explored. Overall, this paper reviews the basic picture of CIPN and the signaling mechanisms of the most common antineoplastic agents in the peripheral and central nerve systems. A better understanding of the risk factors and fundamental mechanisms of CIPN is needed to develop effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
The Decomposition Method of Surface Electromyographic Signals: A Novel Approach for Motor Unit Activity and Recruitment Description
Authors: Šádek P , Otáhal J
Published: July 2024

This review aims to describe a novel method in the field of electromyography (EMG), established and improved upon in the last three decades that is able to observe specific parameters of muscle units (MUs). This concept is called the decomposition method, based on its ability to decompose a surface EMG signal to describe muscle activity on the level of individual muscle units in contrast to the level of the whole muscle, as is customary for regular surface electromyography. We provide a brief overview of its history, constituent parts regarding both hardware and software and possible applications. We also acknowledge the state of the research, regarding the background of the decomposition algorithm, the main software component responsible for identifying individual motor units and their parameters. As a result of the ability to describe the behavior of individual motor units during muscle contractions, key concepts in neuromuscular physiology have been put forward, pertaining to the hierarchy of MUs during their recruitment. Together with the recent application for cyclic contractions and gait, the decomposition method is beginning to open up wider possibilities of enquiry.
Ginger Extract and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation: A Promising Strategy to Improve Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yu Y , Gao M , Xu H
Published: July 2024

Diabetic cardiomyopathy may result from the overproduction of ROS, TRPM2 and TRPV2. Moreover, the therapeutic role of ginger, omega-3 fatty acids, and their combinations on the expression of TRPM2 and TRPV2 and their relationship with apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage in heart tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes have not yet been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ginger and omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic cardiomyopathy by evaluating the cardiac gene expression of TRPM2 and TRPV2, oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in male rats. Ninety adult male Wistar rats were equally divided into nine control, diabetes, and treated diabetes groups. Ginger extract (100 mg/kg) and omega-3 fatty acids (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) were orally administrated in diabetic rats for 6 weeks. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding a high-fat diet and a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg). Glucose, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lipid profile, insulin in serum, and TNF-α, IL-6, SOD, MDA, and CAT in the left ventricle of the heart were measured. The cardiac expression of TRPM2, TRPV2, NF-κB, Bcl2, Bax, Cas-3, and Nrf-2 genes was also measured in the left ventricle of the heart. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was continuously recorded to monitor arrhythmia at the end of the course. The serum levels of cTnI, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile, and the cardiac levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α increased in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the cardiac levels of SOD and CAT decreased in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The cardiac expression of TRPM2, TRPV2, NF-κB, Bax, and Cas-3 increased and Bcl2 and Nrf-2 expression decreased in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, simultaneous and separate treatment with ginger extract and omega-3 fatty acids (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) could significantly moderate these changes (p<0.05). The results also showed that the simultaneous treatment of ginger extract and different doses of omega-3 fatty acids have improved therapeutic effects than their individual treatments (p<0.05). It can be concluded that ginger and omega-3 fatty acids showed protective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative damage of the heart and reducing blood glucose and cardiac expression of TRPM2 and TRPV2. Combining ginger and omega-3 in the diet may provide a natural approach to reducing the risk or progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy while preserving heart structure and function.
Maternal-Fetal Microchimerism: Impacts on Offspring's Immune Development and Transgenerational Immune Memory Transfer
Authors: Malinská N , Grobárová V , Knížková K , Černý J
Published: July 2024

Maternal-fetal microchimerism is a fascinating phenomenon in which maternal cells migrate to the tissues of the offspring during both pregnancy and breastfeeding. These cells primarily consist of leukocytes and stem cells. Remarkably, these maternal cells possess functional potential in the offspring and play a significant role in shaping their immune system development. T lymphocytes, a cell population mainly found in various tissues of the offspring, have been identified as the major cell type derived from maternal microchimerism. These T lymphocytes not only exert effector functions but also influence the development of the offspring's T lymphocytes in the thymus and the maturation of B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. Furthermore, the migration of maternal leukocytes also facilitates the transfer of immune memory across generations. Maternal microchimerism has also been observed to address immunodeficiencies in the offspring. This review article focuses on investigating the impact of maternal cells transported within maternal microchimerism on the immune system development of the offspring, as well as elucidating the effector functions of maternal cells that migrate through the placenta and breast milk to reach the offspring.
Assessing the Prognostic Utility of the New Mayo Adhesive Probability Score in East Asian Populations and its Correlation with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Yi Y , Ma Z-C , Lin C-L , Yu F , Dong X-M , Chen Q-Q , Xiao T , Zhang J-L
Published: July 2024

We assessed the prognostic utility of the new perinephric fat adherence risk score – Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP), in patients of East Asian ethnicity undergoing either laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) or laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). A retrospective analysis of clinical data was carried out on 169 patients who either underwent LPN or LRN surgery. These patients were categorized into two groups, group A (0-2 points) and group B (3-4 points) using the new MAP score. The overall clinical data between these two groups was compared and potential risk factors were investigated using logistic regression analyses. The new MAP score yielded an area under the curve of 0.761 (95 % CI: 0.691-0.831), indicating its effectiveness. Group B had a significantly higher incidence of adherent perirenal fat (APF) during surgery (p<0.001) and had a greater average age (p<0.001). There was an increased prevalence of hypertension (p=0.009), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), and MAFLD (p<0.001) in group B. Additionally, there were significant differences in posterior perinephric fat thickness (p<0.05), lateral perinephric fat thickness (p<0.001), and perinephric stranding (p<0.001) between the two groups. The new MAP score holds significance in predicting APF in people of East Asian ethnicity undergoing LPN or LRN, and there is a strong correlation between elevated MAP scores and risk factors such as MAFLD and advanced age.
OVERCOMING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS BARRIERS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Cipta Bagas , Setiaji Duta Tyas , Nirmala Nirna
Published: July 2024

English is one of the international languages that has global mastery in many areas of life, including science, information technology, education, politics, economics, social, and cultural aspects. The problems with learning English that still exist today are that many students from elementary school to college can't speak English and haven't been able to maximize their English skills well, despite having mastered English and studied for many years in educational institutions. One of the causes is that some of them use English as a subject and course without any implementation or practice in the areas of reading, speaking, listening, writing, and so on. The aim of this article is to find out the solution to the problem of English skills.
Key Words: English; Problems; Skills; Solution.
Characteristics of Adolescent Interpersonal Conflicts
Authors: Khlebnikov A. , Kuznetsova M.
Published: July 2024

The article describes adolescence, highlights the concept of “interpersonal conflict in adolescence”, identifies the features and causes of conflict behavior of adolescent schoolchildren.
The Role of Differentiated Learning at English Language Classes to Develop Key Competencies of Students
Authors: Sharshembieva D.
Published: July 2024

Discusses the role of differentiated learning in English lessons for the development of key competencies of students, namely informative, social-communicative, as well as self-awareness and problem solving. The author defines the need for diagnostics at the beginning of the lesson in order to determine the level of basic knowledge and adjust the further learning process. Differentiation is gives opportunity to each child, motivates students to learn the language, allows them to achieve the goal of the lesson and make the learning process more effective. Differentiation can be achieved through the content of learning, the process and demonstration of results. Differentiated learning can contribute to the organization of learning at the reproductive, productive and creative levels, taking into account the individual characteristics to develop key competencies of students.
Semantically Equivalent Representatives of the Concept “Custom/Adat” in Russian and Kyrgyz Languages
Authors: Asanbekova E. , Abdykadyrova S.
Published: July 2024

This paper conducts a semantic study of the concept “custom/adat” and its representatives in the Russian and Kyrgyz languages. The conceptual content of the concept “custom/adat” is determined based on the study of relevant articles in explanatory, translated (bilingual), cultural, encyclopedic and other dictionaries. An analysis of Russian and Kyrgyz linguistic units denoting customs, rites, ceremonies and other elements of traditional practice of ethnic groups has been carried out. The study identifies the semantic dominant that organizes the functional-semantic field “custom”; in this regard, some central and peripheral nominees of the concept “custom” are identified and characterized on the basis of the lexicographic, literary, artistic, colloquial and folklore spaces of the two languages ​​being compared. The unity and differences in the linguoethnocultural ideas of native speakers of the Russian and Kyrgyz languages ​​about custom, its types and manifestations are shown, and explicit and implicit types of its nominees are identified. This work fills a small gap in the branches of linguistics that are actively developing in Kyrgyzstan — in cognitive linguistics, ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, linguistic conceptology and the theory of intercultural communication.
Somatic and Animalistic Phraseologies in the Model Noun + Noun in the Kyrgyz and Arabic Languages
Authors: Otorchieva A. , Buudaybekova E. , Konokbaev N.
Published: July 2024

By clarifying the structural features of phraseological units, we are trying to determine the typological similarities and sharp differences between nominal phraseological units in these languages. You can recognize the grammatical features of the words in each cross by determining the relative aspects of phraseological units. The lexico-grammatical meaning of the main words in phraseological units and the meanings attached to phraseological units are not always compatible. Therefore, in order to determine which group of words phraseological units belong to, it is necessary to compare the meanings of phraseological units and conduct a comprehensive, rather than one-sided, analysis. And phraseological units perform the function of individual words in the Kyrgyz and Arabic languages. The common property of phraseological units in two languages is associated not with the individual meaning of the words included in their composition, but with the meaning given to one word, that is, when it is used instead of one word, no matter how many components it consists of. Phraseologisms in the Kyrgyz and Arabic languages are subject to a specific verbal family, are used in a transitional form in meaning and convey the meaning of one word, which performs the function of one of its members in a sentence.
Using Informal Language in Prose Fiction (In the Example of the Novels by Ch. Aitmatov)
Authors: Toktomatova A.
Published: July 2024

The article deals with informal language used in the novels by Ch. Aitmatov. In the literary works of art authors don’t always state facts, narrate events and describe the setting, they also show the real conversation between characters or someone’s thoughts and feelings explicitly in the text. In such cases the authors use informal language taking into consideration age and mood of characters, settings and location where this or that dialogue or monologue is taking place. It’s revealed that informal language used in prose fiction has a figurative meaning, and depending on the context it may have both positive and negative meanings. It’s clear from examples that informal language is used purposefully by the author to create authentic atmosphere of informality and intimacy, to make sense of immediate communication with readers and to have satirical and ironic effect making his speech emotive and expressive.
SOSIALISASI PENGGUNAAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN SEDERHANA BAGI UMKM
Authors: Sahbany Sri , Riscal Detty Agustin , Junaidin Junaidin , Irawansyah Irawansyah , Hadiatun Nurul , Laelatunnufus Alfiatmi
Published: July 2024

Saat ini perkembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) didukung dengan perkembangan teknologi. Adanya revolusi industry 4.0 memberikan dampak positif terhadap perkembangan dunia usaha. Banyaknya Platform yang digunakan dalam pengembangan usaha yang berdasarkan pada keinginan wirausaha untuk mengembangkan bisnisnya secara lebih luas sangat diminati oleh para UMKM, sehingga tim pengabdian mencoba menjadi perantara bagi UMKM tersebut. Sosialisasi penggunaan laporan keuangan pad industry rumah tangga memberikan manfaat pada pelaku UMKM di Desa Kediri Selatan Lombok barat. Tujuannya adalah untuk memperluas dan mengembangkan usaha yang dijalani agar berkembang menjadi lebih besar hingga ke ranah Global. Dengan adanya sosialisasi penggunaan laporan keuangan maka pelaku UMKM bisa lebih memfokuskan kegiatan penggunaan laporan keuangan yang dapat membantu mengolah dana sebaik mungkin. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan memberikan materi mengenai penggunaan laporan keuangan khususnya bagi mitra pengabdian. Alur yang dibuat oleh UMKM yaitu dimulai dari proses pembuatan akun pemesanan, proses penjualan, proses stok barang dan menerima hasil penjualan, sehingga dapat membatu memonitoring usaha dan juga tentunya dapat meningkatkan hasil penjualan bagi pelaku usaha.
Pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) terintegrasi keislaman pada materi teorema Pythagoras siswa kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Kristanti Ike , Pandra Viktor , Mulyono Dodik
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah guna menguraikan kepraktisan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Terintegrasi Keislaman Pada Materi Teorema Pythagoras untuk Kelas VIII SMP. Penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah R&D dengan mempergunakan model 4D (define, design, development, dan dissemination). Teknik penghimpunan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, kuesioner) dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Ma’arif Syifa’ul Janan yang berjumlah 6 siswa untuk uji kelompok kecil (small group). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dan menunjukkan asil penelitian memperlihatkan berdasarkan uji validitas, LKPD terintegrasi Keislaman dinyatakan valid dengan persentase validator media 0,93%, validator bahasa 0,80% dan validator materi 0,67%. Hasil keseluruhan uji validitas LKPD terintegrasi Keislaman dinyatakan valid dengan persentase 0,80%. Hasil uji praktikalitas pada guru dan kelompok kecil (small group) diperoleh bahwa LKPD terintegrasi Keislaman diterangkan sangat praktis 84,09%. Hasil Uji keefektifan 79,17%. Dengan demikian disimpulkan LKPD valid, praktis, serta memiliki efek potensial.
PANDANGAN TOKOH MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERNIKAHAN DI BULAN SURO TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Malik Hidayat Nabil , Masrokhin Masrokhin
Published: July 2024

Di kalangan masyarakat Desa Dragan terdapat keyakinan yaitu ketidakberanian melaksanakan pernikahan di bulan Suro karena diyakini sebagai bulan yang tidak baik. Tujuan menyeluruh dari studi ini adalah untuk mempelajari bagaimana pandangan para tokoh agama dan politik tentang pernikahan di bulan Suro menurut hukum Islam. Sebuah kualitatif, strategi penelitian normatif digunakan untuk penlitian ini. Langkah selanjutnya mengambil data dengan melakukan wawancara dan menyimpan catatan di lapangan.
Menurut temuan penelitian, pernikahan di bulan Suro berawal dari keinginan untuk menegakkan adat istiadat leluhur. Hasil penilaian urf antara lain urf shahih jika motivasinya hanya untuk menghindari keragu-raguan dan kehati-hatian dalam melangsungkan perkawinan, tetapi urf fasid jika merasa bahwa menikah di bulan Suro dapat mendatangkan malapetaka bagi kedua mempelai.
Associations of neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio level with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease-cause mortality among patients with hypertension: evidence from NHANES 1999–2010
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Dong Lei , Shen Geng , Sun Yangyang , Liu Yuting , Mei Jiarong , Jia Jia , Fan Fangfang , Wang Wenye , Huang Wei , Li Jianping
Published: July 2024

Background

The associations of neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) level with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-cause mortality among patients with hypertension remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the associations of NPAR level with all-cause and CVD-cause mortality among patients with hypertension.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 8,990 patients with hypertension who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2010. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the associations of NPAR level with all-cause mortality and CVD-cause mortality. Restricted cubic spline analyses were used to examine the nonlinear association of NPAR level with all-cause mortality and CVD-cause mortality.

Results

This cohort study included data from 8,990 participants in analysis. During 104,474 person-years of follow-up, 3,069 all-cause deaths and 1,449 CVD-cause deaths were documented. Nonlinear associations were observed for NPAR levels with risk of all-cause mortality and CVD-cause mortality among patients with hypertension. Compared with participants in T1 of NPAR, there was a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality and CVD-cause mortality for participants in both T2 and T3 in the fully adjusted model (model 3). The corresponding HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.98–1.22) and 1.63 (95% CI, 1.45–1.82). The corresponding HRs for CVD-cause mortality were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.99–1.23) and 1.63 (95% CI, 1.46–1.81).

Conclusions

Elevated NPAR level was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD-cause mortality in adults with hypertension. NPAR may be clinically useful for predicting long-term health outcomes and mortality in hypertensive population.
Case Report: Amiodarone-induced multi-organ toxicity
Authors: Yan Jingrui , Xu Yuanyuan , Zhu Qiang
Published: July 2024

Background

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug that is commonly used in the clinic to treat ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. We present a case report of the adverse effects of amiodarone and review its characteristics.

Case report

A 73-year-old Asian female with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation managed with amiodarone, well-controlled hypertension, and no substance abuse presented with gastrointestinal distress and dizziness, without chest pain or palpitations. Despite normal annual check-ups, she developed abnormal liver and thyroid function tests, and imaging revealed lung and liver changes suggestive of amiodarone toxicity. Discontinuation of amiodarone for sotalol led to symptom improvement and normalization of thyroid and liver functions, with imaging indicating recovery from interstitial fibrosis and reduced liver density.

Discussion

Amiodarone, a widely used for treating ventricular and atrial arrhythmias, and with significant benefits in improving patient survival in cases of ventricular fibrillation. However, its long-term use is associated with serious adverse effects, including thyroid dysfunction, liver injury, and pulmonary toxicity, necessitating careful monitoring and management. Despite its efficacy, the need for research on early detection and management of amiodarone's side effects is crucial, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring and possibly adjusting therapy to mitigate these risks.
Alternative therapeutics to control antimicrobial resistance: a general perspective
Authors: Singha Biplab , Singh Vinayak , Soni Vijay
Published: July 2024

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, and in this review article, we examine the limitations of traditional therapeutic methods and the emerging role of alternative therapies. By examining the reasons behind the failure of conventional treatments, including the inadequacy of one-drug-one-enzyme approaches, the complex evolution of AMR, and the impact of drug biotransformation, we better understand why conventional treatments failed. Moreover, the review discusses several alternative therapies, including RNA-based treatments, aptamers, peptide-based therapies, phage therapy, and probiotics, discussing their applications, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, we discuss the obstacles to develop these therapies, including funding shortages, regulatory barriers, and public perception. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide insight into the future of AMR, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies and practical approaches.
Formation mechanism and implication of analcime in the sandstone reservoirs of the Permian Jingjingzigou formation in the Jinan sag, southern Junggar basin, NW China
Authors: Lin Tong , Wang Weiwei , Ma Qiang , Kang Jilun , Yang Runze , Liu Xiaohong
Published: July 2024

Analcime plays a significant role in sandstone reservoirs as an authigenic diagenetic mineral in the Junggar Basin (northwestern China). However, the origin and controls on the reservoirs have received remarkably little attention. This study investigates the formation mechanism of analcime in the Middle Permian strata in the Jinan sag (southern Junggar Basin) through petrography and geochemistry. The results show that analcime is formed through early alkaline hydrolysis of volcanic materials under specific temperature and pressure conditions. The reservoir rocks primarily consist of various lithic sandstones, including volcanic debris such as basalt, andesite, and tuff. Analcime is characterized as rich in aluminium and poor in sodium, classified as low-silica analcime with a low Si-Al ratio (1.98–2.38). Furthermore, various other diagenetic minerals, such as glauconite, chlorite, albite, and calcite have been identified. The primary reservoir space chiefly consists of intragranular dissolved pores of analcime, while secondary pores are formed by intragranular pores of feldspar and lithic, along with some remaining intergranular pores. Cementation of analcime during early diagenesis changes primary pore structures and reduces reservoir properties. The low-silica analcime dissolves due to acidic pore fluids associated with three stages of oil and gas charging, transforming into albite and creating numerous secondary pores, thereby enhancing reservoir quality.
The effects of mathematical ability and motivational beliefs on students’ perceptions of feedback usefulness
Authors: Söderström Sharmin , Palm Torulf , Granberg Carina
Published: July 2024

Research has shown that students’ learning gains in mathematics are greater when they work with problems rather than routine tasks. These learning gains from problem-solving activities may be enhanced by providing feedback that does not give away the solutions to the problems, but helps students construct their solution methods themselves and anchor their reasoning in intrinsic properties of the mathematical components involved in the reasoning. However, in order to use feedback, students would need to perceive it as useful, and not all students may find such feedback useful. In this study, we investigate how students’ ability and motivational beliefs affect how useful they perceive feedback aimed at supporting mathematical reasoning to be. In the study, students worked with mathematical problems and received metacognitive and heuristic feedback when they needed help. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the effects. The results show that students’ mastery goals had a direct effect on the perceived usefulness of the feedback, but no such effects were found for students’ national test grades, self-efficacy beliefs, performance goals, or intrinsic or extrinsic forms of motivation. The proportion of successful use of feedback did not mediate the effects.
“My brain doesn't communicate with my hands”: navigating negotiated interaction in Swedish and Indonesian supervision
Authors: Nangimah Musrifatun
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The importance of supervisory interaction facilitated by dialogic feedback is known to create a shared understanding between supervisors and students. However, previous studies of supervisory interaction mainly focus on exploring feedback provision as an input for specific improvement rather than as a process of interaction regardless of its discursivity. Informed by learning community theory, this study explores how thesis supervision in English as an Additional Language contexts is negotiated to identify the supervisory interaction patterns and strategies.

Method

This study applied a qualitative case study by involving six supervisory dyads (six supervisors and 15 students) in English- medium study programs. Thematic analysis was used to analyze 18 video-recorded supervision sessions from the beginning, the middle, and the end of the supervision process.

Findings and discussion

The findings illuminate the negotiated interaction patterns and strategies in supervisory meetings that can be organized into three themes: (1) managing correction, (2) managing scaffolding, and (3) managing students' emotional expressions. The supervisory interaction patterns tend to take the form of a common institutional talk due to the students' desire for confirmation and suggestions. Prompting strategies through exploratory questions can scaffold students' development of argumentative skills although students' deviant responses frequently lead to supervisors' further explanation. The theoretical analysis underscores that learning community theory emphasizes the development of student's academic literacy and argumentative proficiency through dialogic inquiry. Yet, effective engagement in such inquiry necessitates prerequisite academic literacy and rhetorical competencies.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for developing student's academic literacy, research literacy, and communication skills to achieve an effective inquiry dialogue in thesis supervision.
An exploration of the causal relationship between 731 immunophenotypes and osteoporosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Zhou Dongqi , Zi Changyan , Gan Gaofeng , Tang Shiyun , Chen Qiu
Published: July 2024

Background

There are complex interactions between osteoporosis and the immune system, and it has become possible to explore their causal relationship based on Mendelian randomization methods.

Methods

Utilizing openly accessible genetic data and employing Mendelian randomization analysis, we investigated the potential causal connection between 731 immune cell traits and the risk of developing osteoporosis.

Results

Ten immune cell phenotypes were osteoporosis protective factors and three immune cell phenotypes were osteoporosis risk factors. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) of IgD+ CD24+ %B cell (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9986 (95% CI = 0.9978~0.9996, P<0.01). The OR of CD24+ CD27+ %B cell (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9991 (95% CI = 0.9984~0.9998, P = 0.021). The OR of CD33- HLA DR+AC (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9996 (95% CI = 0.9993~0.9999, P = 0.038). The OR of EM CD8br %CD8br (Maturation stages of T cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.0004 (95% CI = 1.0000~1.0008, P = 0.045). The OR of CD25 on IgD+ (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9995 (95% CI = 0.9991~0.9999, P = 0.024). The OR of CD25 on CD39+ activated Treg+ (Treg panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.001 (95% CI = 1.0001~1.0019, P = 0.038). The OR of CCR2 on CD62L+ myeloid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9992 (95% CI = 0.9984~0.9999, P = 0.048). The OR of CCR2 on CD62L+ plasmacytoid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9993 (95% CI = 0.9987~0.9999, P = 0.035). The OR of CD45 on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b- (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9988 (95% CI = 0.9977~0.9998, P = 0.031). The OR of CD45 on Mo MDSC (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9992 (95% CI = 0.9985~0.9998, P = 0.017). The OR of SSC-A on B cell (TBNK panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9986 (95% CI = 0.9972~0.9999, P = 0.042). The OR of CD11c on CD62L+ myeloid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9987 (95% CI = 0.9978~0.9996, P<0.01). The OR of HLA DR on DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.0007 (95% CI = 1.0002~1.0011, P<0.01). No causal effect of osteoporosis on immune cells was observed.

Conclusions

Our study identified 13 unreported immune phenotypes that are causally related to osteoporosis, providing a theoretical basis for the bone immunology doctrine.
Unmasking the silent epidemic: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopian adults
Authors: Abate Teshager Woldegiyorgis , Genanew Ashenafi , Gedamu Haileyesus , Tegenaw Abebu , Ayalew Emiru , Berhie Alemeshet Yirga , Ergetie Temesgen , Shibesh Belayneh Fentahun
Published: July 2024

Background

Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus poses a significant global public health concern, exerting a substantial impact on the well-being of individuals, their families, and societies at large. Those individuals with undiagnosed diabetes miss opportunities to maintain quality of life and prevent diabetes-related complications. Even if there are ample primary studies on undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopia, the results reveal conflicting results. Therefore, a comprehensive national picture of undiagnosed diabetes is essential for designing effective strategies at the national level.

Methods

This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for prevalence studies (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021266676). PubMed, Web of Science and the World Health Organization’s Hinari portal were searched using a strategy developed in collaboration with Liberians. The inclusion criteria comprised studies reporting undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopia. Two independent reviewers conducted a quality assessment using a 10-item appraisal tool. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using a random-effects model.

Result

Twenty-five studies with 22,193 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among the Ethiopian adult population was 5.68% (95% CI: 4.53 - 6.83, I2 = 75.4). Factors significantly associated with undiagnosed diabetes include age, waist circumference, overweight, family history of diabetes, and a history of hypertension.

Conclusion

Our systematic review found a noteworthy prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopia. The majority of factors linked with undiagnosed diabetes in this review were modifiable. This underscores the importance of targeted factors and public health interventions to improve early detection and reduce the burden of undiagnosed diabetes and its complications in Ethiopia.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42021266676.
Comparative phylogeography, a tool to increase assessment efficiency of polar assemblage resilience and vulnerability
Authors: Sands Chester J. , Goodall-Copestake William P. , Stöhr Sabine , Narayanaswamy Bhavani E. , Convey Peter
Published: July 2024

The Southern Ocean benthos is remarkably rich and diverse, and managed under a complexity of treaties and conventions, further complicated by geopolitical boundaries. Traditionally, conservation management is largely informed by species lists augmented, when data are available, by known vulnerability of the taxa. Species presence absence database resources are valuable tools with proven and positive management outcomes, however, in a vast, difficult to access and thus understudied region such as the Southern Ocean, there are large gaps in knowledge regarding the ecology, ecophysiology, life history and even species identity. Conservation biogeography identifies regions of conservation concern, rather than a species-by-species approach, but also relies on the availability of high-quality presence data from species lists and thus both approaches are undermined when species lists are inaccurate or species in general are poorly described. In addition, the data provide a snapshot of the current species diversity and have inadequate power to identify the processes underlying the patterns uncovered. Identifying historical processes common to shaping diversity (species or genetic) can be generalized across assemblages and regions, providing a more robust basis for conservation policy and decisions. In this study, largely based on consideration of Southern Ocean ophiuroids, we discuss the challenges inherent in using species lists, the power and limitations of genetic analyses, and revisit previous suggestions of building a spatial model of diversity that includes underlying evolutionary relationships transcending the simple species diversity approach, and that is applicable to assemblages, rather than just to individual taxa.
Leaf functional traits of Daphniphyllum macropodum across different altitudes in Mao’er Mountain in Southern China
Authors: Chen Zhangting , Li Qiaoyu , Jiang Zhaokun , Yan Pengbo , Arif Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Investigating functional traits among mountain species with differing altitude requirements is integral to effective conservation practices. Our study aims to investigate the structural and chemical characteristics of Daphniphyllum macropodum leaves at three altitudes (1100 m, 1300 m, and 1500 m) across southern China to provide insight into changes in leaf functional traits (LFT) as well as plant adaptations in response to changing environmental conditions. Leaf structural characteristics include leaf thickness (LT), leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf tissue density (LD), respectively, while chemical properties include carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (C:N:P) contents and ratios, such as C/N, C/P, and N/P. Our findings demonstrated the significant effect of altitude on both structural (LT, SLA, LD) and chemical aspects (N, C/N, N/P) of LFT. In particular, leaves at 1100 and 1300 m differed greatly, with 1300 m having lower SLA values than 1100 m. Observable trends included an initial increase followed by a decline as the altitude rose. Notable among them were the LT, LD, N, and N/P values at both locations. Traits at 1300 m were significantly higher than at 1100 m; SLA and C/N values displayed an inverse trend, with their lowest values occurring at 1300 m. Furthermore, this research demonstrated various degrees of variation among LFT, with structural traits exhibiting greater fluctuation than chemical traits. Robust correlations were observed among certain traits, such as LT, LD, and SLA. Furthermore, the interdependency relationships between N and C/N, as well as P and C/P, demonstrated interconnectedness. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil factors, specifically P content, exerted the strongest impact on LFT. At 1100 m, D. macropodum employed acquisition strategies; however, at 1300 m, conservation strategies emerged, showing a shift from acquisition strategies at lower altitudes to conservative strategies at higher ones.
Integrating Pt nanoparticles with 3D Cu2-xSe/GO nanostructure to achieve nir-enhanced peroxidizing Nano-enzymes for dynamic monitoring the level of H2O2 during the inflammation
Authors: Shen Man , Dai Xianling , Ning Dongni , Xu Hanqing , Zhou Yang , Chen Gangan , Ren Zhangyin , Chen Ming , Gao Mingxuan , Bao Jing
Published: July 2024

The treatment of wound inflammation is intricately linked to the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the wound microenvironment. Among these ROS, H2O2 serves as a critical signaling molecule and second messenger, necessitating the urgent need for its rapid real-time quantitative detection, as well as effective clearance, in the pursuit of effective wound inflammation treatment. Here, we exploited a sophisticated 3D Cu2-xSe/GO nanostructure-based nanonzymatic H2O2 electrochemical sensor, which is further decorated with evenly distributed Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) through electrodeposition. The obtained Cu2-xSe/GO@Pt/SPCE sensing electrode possesses a remarkable increase in specific surface derived from the three-dimensional surface constructed by GO nanosheets. Moreover, the localized surface plasma effect of the Cu2-xSe nanospheres enhances the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs between the interface of the Cu2-xSe NPs and the Pt NPs. This innovation enables near-infrared light-enhanced catalysis, significantly reducing the detection limit of the Cu2-xSe/GO@Pt/SPCE sensing electrode for H2O2 (from 1.45 μM to 0.53μM) under NIR light. Furthermore, this biosensor electrode enables in-situ real-time monitoring of H2O2 released by cells. The NIR-enhanced Cu2-xSe/GO@Pt/SPCE sensing electrode provide a simple-yet-effective method to achieve a detection of ROS (H2O2、-OH) with high sensitivity and efficiency. This innovation promises to revolutionize the field of wound inflammation treatment by providing clinicians with a powerful tool for accurate and rapid assessment of ROS levels, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
Quantitative proteomics reveals significant variation in host responses of cattle with differing buffalo fly susceptibility
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Raza Ali , Naseem Muhammad N. , Turni Conny , Tabor Ala E. , James Peter
Published: July 2024

Background

Control of buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans exigua, BFs) relies mainly on chemical methods; however, resistance to insecticides is widespread in BF populations. Breeding for resistance to BFs represents a possible alternative, but direct phenotyping of animals is laborious and often inaccurate. The availability of reliable diagnostic biomarker(s) to identify low BF carrier cattle would facilitate rapid and accurate selection for genetic improvement. However, limited information is available regarding differences amongst cattle in host responses to BF infestation.

Methods

This study investigated the variation in Brangus cattle serum proteomic profiles before (naïve) and after peak BF exposure, in low (LF) and high BF burden (HF) cattle. Cattle were phenotyped for susceptibility based on BF counts on multiple dates using visual and photographic techniques. The relative abundance of serum proteins in cattle before and after exposure to BFs was analysed using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS).

Results

Exposure to BFs elicited similar responses in HF and LF cattle, with 79 and 70 proteins, respectively, showing significantly different abundances post exposure as compared to their relevant naïve groups. The comparison of serum samples from naïve HF and LF cattle identified 44 significantly differentially abundant (DA) proteins, while 37 significantly DA proteins were identified from the comparison between HF and LF cattle post-exposure to BFs. Proteins with higher abundance in naïve LF cattle were enriched in blood coagulation mechanisms that were sustained after exposure to BFs. Strong immune response mechanisms were also identified in naïve LF cattle, whereas these responses developed in HF cattle only after exposure to BF. High BF cattle also showed active anticoagulation mechanisms in response to BF exposure, including downregulation of coagulation factor IX and upregulation of antithrombin-III, which might facilitate BF feeding.

Conclusion

Underlying differences in the abundance of proteins related to blood coagulation and immune response pathways could potentially provide indirect indicators of susceptibility to BF infestation and biomarkers for selecting more BF-resistant cattle.