bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical-based rainfall-triggered shallow landslide forecasting
Authors: Hsu Yung-Chia , Chang Yin-Lung , Chang Che-Hao , Yang Jinn-Chuang , Tung Yeou-Koung
Published: October 2018

This study demonstrates the applications of two physical-based early warning methods for rainfall-induced shallow landslide and compare their relative performance. One method is rainfall threshold-based method and the other method is by real-time simulation. The former establishes landslide threshold in advance using 50 historical rainfall events, in conjunction with physical-based rainfall-triggered shallow landslide model, to evaluate the stability of a concerned slope. Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) for nowcast is used in the rainfall threshold-based method for landslide predictions. The latter method also applies rainfall-triggered landslide model in real-time simulation by feeding QPE and quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) of specified lead-time. Both methods are integrated into an early warning system (e.g. Delft-FEWS) for real-time nowcast and/or forecast purposes. The two shallow landslide early warning methods are applied to a slope in the vicinity of a highway section in Taiwan. Comparisons between the two methods are made to evaluate their performance using rainfall data from three past typhoon events. Despite of some discrepancies found in the results, both methods can predict landslide quite consistently. Without sufficient number of actual landslide records for model validation, the true accuracy of both landslide early warning methods cannot be assessed. However, the consistency of predicted landslide occurrence times during three historical typhoon events in the case study indicated that they could be viable for providing good supportive information for decision-making in landslide hazard mitigation.
Targeted Therapy in Brain Metastases: Ready for Primetime?
Authors: Venur Vyshak A. , Ahluwalia Manmeet S.
Published: October 2018

Brain metastasis is a serious complication of cancer that causes significant morbidity for patients. Over the last decade, numerous new driver somatic mutations have been recognized and targeted therapies are changing the landscape of treatment in lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, which are also the three most common cancers that result in brain metastases. The common actionable mutations include the EGFR mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations in non–small cell lung cancer, the HER2 mutation in breast cancer, and the BRAF mutation in melanoma. However, most of the early trials with targeted agents excluded patients with brain metastases. With a better understanding of the biology, several recent trials of targeted therapy that focus on brain metastases have been reported and others are ongoing. Novel agents with better penetration across the blood–brain barrier are currently being investigated for patients with brain metastases. In this review, we discuss the current state of use and future directions of targeted therapies in brain metastases.
Issues on the Use of White Blood Cell Growth Factors in Oncology Practice
Authors: Lyman Gary H.
Published: October 2018

Appropriate use of myeloid growth factors may reduce the risk of neutropenic complications including febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. The recently updated American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Guidelines on the Use of the White Blood Cell Growth Factors recommends routine prophylaxis with these agents starting in the first cycle when the risk of FN is 20% or greater. However, the risks for neutropenic complications and the risk of serious adverse consequences from FN vary considerably with different chemotherapy regimens as well as other disease-, treatment-, and patient-specific risk factors. Considerably more information is now available on the major risk factors for FN. Multivariable risk models combining factors look promising but require further validation. Most clinical studies of myeloid growth factor prophylaxis assessed relative risk (RR) of FN but were not powered to evaluate the effect of prophylaxis on disease-free or overall survival. Accumulating evidence suggests, however, that the appropriate use of these agents in selected patients may improve both short-term and long-term survival by reducing the immediate risk of mortality accompanying patients with high-risk disease developing FN as well as improving disease-free and overall survival by enabling the delivery of full dose intensity chemotherapy and reducing the risk of disease recurrence in patients treated with curative intent. Further studies to evaluate risk factors and models for FN are needed to guide clinical and shared decision making for the optimal personalized use of these agents and offer patients at increased risk the best chance of long-term disease control.
Cancer Treatment as an Accelerated Aging Process: Assessment, Biomarkers, and Interventions
Authors: Hurria Arti , Jones Lee , Muss Hyman B.
Published: October 2018

An accumulating body of evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer and/or cancer treatment is associated with accelerated aging. The majority of these data come from the pediatric literature; however, a smaller yet growing body of literature points toward similar findings in the geriatric population. This is a key survivorship issue the growing number of older adults with cancer face, along with the short- and long-term impact of cancer therapy on the aging process. This article will review clinical and biologic markers of aging in older adults with cancer, use cardiovascular disease as a model of accelerated aging, and discuss potential interventions to decrease the risk.
Gynecologic Cancers: Emerging Novel Strategies for Targeting DNA Repair Deficiency
Authors: Kristeleit Rebecca S. , Miller Rowan E. , Kohn Elise C.
Published: October 2018

The presence of a BRCA mutation, somatic or germline, is now established as a standard of care for selecting patients with ovarian cancer for treatment with a PARP inhibitor. During the clinical development of the PARP inhibitor class of agents, a subset of women without BRCA mutations were shown to respond to these drugs (termed “ BRCAness”). It was hypothesized that other genetic abnormalities causing a homologous recombinant deficiency (HRD) were sensitizing the BRCA wild-type cancers to PARP inhibition. The molecular basis for these other causes of HRD are being defined. They include individual gene defects (e.g., RAD51 mutation, CHEK2 mutation), homozygous somatic loss, and whole genome properties such as genomic scarring. Testing this knowledge is possible when selecting patients to receive molecular therapy targeting DNA repair, not only for patients with ovarian cancer but also endometrial and cervical cancers. The validity of HRD assays and multiple gene sequencing panels to select a broader population of patients for treatment with PARP inhibitor therapy is under evaluation. Other non-HRD targets for exploiting DNA repair defects in gynecologic cancers include mismatch repair (MMR), checkpoint signaling, and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. This article describes recent evidence supporting strategies in addition to BRCA mutation for selecting patients for treatment with PARP inhibitor therapy. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities of exploiting DNA repair pathways other than homologous recombination for molecular therapy in gynecologic cancers is discussed.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cancer Clinical Trials: Measuring Symptomatic Adverse Events With the National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE)
Authors: Kluetz Paul G. , Chingos Diana T. , Basch Ethan M. , Mitchell Sandra A.
Published: October 2018

Systematic capture of the patient perspective can inform the development of new cancer therapies. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are commonly included in cancer clinical trials; however, there is heterogeneity in the constructs, measures, and analytic approaches that have been used making these endpoints challenging to interpret. There is renewed effort to identify rigorous methods to obtain high-quality and informative PRO data from cancer clinical trials. In this setting, PROs are used to address specific research objectives, and an important objective that spans the product development life cycle is the assessment of safety and tolerability. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Office of Hematology and Oncology Products (OHOP) has identified symptomatic adverse events (AEs) as a central PRO concept, and a systematic assessment of patient-reported symptomatic AEs can provide data to complement clinician reporting. The National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) is being evaluated by multiple stakeholders, including the FDA, and is considered a promising tool to provide a standard yet flexible method to assess symptomatic AEs from the patient perspective. In this article, we briefly review the FDA OHOP’s perspective on PROs in cancer trials submitted to the FDA and focus on the assessment of symptomatic AEs using PRO-CTCAE. We conclude by discussing further work that must be done to broaden the use of PRO-CTCAE as a method to provide patient-centered data that can complement existing safety and tolerability assessments across cancer clinical trials.
How Far Do We Go With Genetic Evaluation? Gene, Panel, and Tumor Testing
Authors: Lynce Filipa , Isaacs Claudine
Published: October 2018

The traditional model by which an individual was identified as harboring a hereditary susceptibility to cancer was to test for a mutation in a single gene or a finite number of genes associated with a particular syndrome (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2 for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer or mismatch repair genes for Lynch syndrome). The decision regarding which gene or genes to test for was based on a review of the patient’s personal medical history and their family history. With advances in next-generation DNA sequencing technology, offering simultaneous testing for multiple genes associated with a hereditary susceptibility to cancer is now possible. These panels typically include high-penetrance genes, but they also often include moderate- and low-penetrance genes. A number of the genes included in these panels have not been fully characterized either in terms of their cancer risks or their management options. Another way some patients are unexpectedly identified as carrying a germline mutation in a cancer susceptibility gene is at the time they undergo molecular profiling of their tumor, which typically has been carried out to guide treatment choices for their cancer. This article first focuses on the issues that need to be considered when deciding between recommending more targeted testing of a single or a small number of genes associated with a particular syndrome (single/limited gene testing) versus performing a multigene panel. This article also reviews the issues regarding germline risk that occur within the setting of ordering molecular profiling of tumors.
What’s New in Head and Neck Cancer: Key Findings in 2015–2016 From ECCO/ESMO, ASTRO, and the Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Symposium
Authors: Yom Sue S. , Ganti Apar K. , Dietz Andreas
Published: October 2018

Scientific investigation is extremely active in the treatment, management, and optimization of therapies for patients with head and neck cancer. These issues have undergone recent rapid evolution in response to a changing epidemiology based on an increasing proportion of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer with advances in multimodality technologies to improve outcomes and reduce toxicity. Choices of definitive treatment of various anatomic subsites are being refined, balancing the relative indications and advantages of surgery or chemoradiation-based strategies. The major potential influence of HPV-associated etiology on therapy selection, prognostic factors, response to treatment, survival outcomes, and post-treatment surveillance has created a robust and distinct field of scientific inquiry around this patient subset. Meanwhile, for patient subsets where prognosis remains poor, therapeutic intensification is being explored, and for recurrent/metastatic disease, improved selection for salvage and novel systemic therapies are under development. For all patients with head and neck cancer, upholding principles of equity and access to the highly specialized care that results in optimal outcomes should be the goal.
Data Commons to Support Pediatric Cancer Research
Authors: Volchenboum Samuel L. , Cox Suzanne M. , Heath Allison , Resnick Adam , Cohn Susan L. , Grossman Robert
Published: October 2018

The falling costs and increasing fidelity of high-throughput biomedical research data have led to a renaissance in cancer surveillance and treatment. Yet, the amount, velocity, and complexity of these data have overcome the capacity of the increasing number of researchers collecting and analyzing this information. By centralizing the data, processing power, and tools, there is a valuable opportunity to share resources and thus increase the efficiency, power, and impact of research. Herein, we describe current data commons and how they operate in the oncology landscape, including an overview of the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group data commons as a paradigm case. We outline the practical steps and considerations in building data commons. Finally, we discuss the unique opportunities and benefits of creating a data commons within the context of pediatric cancer research, highlighting the particular advantages for clinical oncology and suggested next steps.
Novel Therapeutics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: DiNardo Courtney D. , Stone Richard M. , Medeiros Bruno C.
Published: October 2018

In this review, we focus on three key areas in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developmental therapeutics: FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, and drugs that may be particularly beneficial in secondary AML.
Addressing the Survivorship Care Needs of Patients Receiving Extended Cancer Treatment
Authors: Jacobsen Paul B. , Nipp Ryan D. , Ganz Patricia A.
Published: October 2018

Cancer survivorship care and research has typically focused on the health care needs of people with cancer following the acute phase of treatment. Work in this area, however, has faced challenges in identifying when treatment is complete for many forms of cancer. Acknowledging this challenge, the scope of survivorship research is often expanded to include patients also receiving maintenance or prophylactic therapy. Inherent in this expanded definition is the recognition that for many individuals, cancer is a chronic disease requiring extended treatment over many years. Three distinct patient populations can be identified for which extended treatment poses important survivorship care needs that, to date, have not been adequately addressed. The first group includes patients receiving extended endocrine therapy, such as women with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen and/or aromatase inhibitors as well as men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. The second group includes patients receiving extended targeted therapy to control disease, as exemplified by patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia receiving treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A key issue in both of these patient groups is the need to identify and address factors that contribute to difficulties in maintaining high levels of adherence to the prescribed therapy over extended periods of time. The third group includes patients receiving novel therapies for advanced or metastatic cancer that can extend life for prolonged periods. A key issue for this group is the need to understand and address their unique supportive care needs.
Challenges in Opening and Enrolling Patients in Clinical Trials
Authors: Vose Julie M. , Chuk Meredith K. , Giles Francis
Published: October 2018

Clinical trials are key elements of the processes that account for many of the recent advances in cancer care, including decreased mortality rates and increased survivorship; better supportive care; and improved understanding of cancer risk, prevention, and screening. This research also has led to the validation of numerous exciting new types of cancer treatments, such as molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Clinical trials, however, are becoming more and more challenging to conduct. Research programs must comply with legal and regulatory requirements that can be inefficient and costly to implement and often are variably interpreted by institutions and sponsors and sponsors’ representatives, including contract research organizations. Some of these requirements are essential to protect the safety of trial participants, to promote the scientific integrity of research, or to ensure that trial conduct is efficient and adequately resourced. Such requirements are important to preserve. However, some requirements do not fulfill any of these goals and, in fact, hinder research and slow patient access to safe and effective treatments. This article discusses some of the identified issues that are slowing the process of cancer clinical trials, such as conservatively interpreted guidelines by pharmaceutical companies and contract research organizations; overprotective language for contracts; and patient protections by health systems and universities. The article also discusses possible solutions to these problems that are slowing down the cancer therapies that patients need.
Perioperative Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma: What Do We Know, What Have We Learned, What's Next?
Authors: Haas Naomi B. , Uzzo Robert G.
Published: October 2018

Recent adjuvant vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor trials in resected high-risk renal cell carcinoma that compared sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, and axitinib with placebo controls have demonstrated mixed impact on disease-free survival, no improvement in overall survival, and, thus, controversy. Here, we discuss the results and conduct of these trials to provide new insight into the goals and strategies of treating resected renal cell cancer that is at high risk for recurrence. The potential for leveraging what we have learned from these trials to conduct successful contemporary adjuvant and perioperative immune checkpoint inhibition trials and future adjuvant trial design is discussed.
Evolving Systemic Treatment Landscape for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: McKay Rana R. , Bossé Dominick , Choueiri Toni K.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To outline current practices and challenges in the systemic management of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Design

We conducted a focused review of hallmark randomized controlled trials informing the systemic treatment of patients with RCC. We concentrated on trials informing the use of combination therapies, therapy in both treatment-naïve and previously treated patients, sequential treatment strategies, and schedules.

Results

The systemic treatment of advanced RCC has experienced tremendous progress over the past 15 years. An improved understanding of the canonical pathways implicated in RCC pathogenesis has resulted in the development of molecularly targeted and immunotherapy options for patients. These therapies have replaced cytokine-based treatments as the standard of care for patients with advanced RCC. Until recently, sequential vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–targeted therapy or VEGF-targeted therapy followed by mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition has been the prevailing treatment paradigm for patients. However, newer agents such as cabozantinib and nivolumab have challenged this traditional approach. In addition, combination treatments including nivolumab plus ipilimumab and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab have transformed the RCC treatment landscape, and other doublet combinations in clinical testing will likely continue to alter the treatment paradigm in RCC. Currently, factors that inform treatment selection between different therapy options include performance status, comorbidities, prognostic risk stratification, treatment adverse event profile, and mode of administration, with no Level I evidence for predictive biomarker use in clinic.

Conclusions

The treatment options for advanced RCC are rapidly evolving since the introduction of VEGF-targeted therapy, immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade and, more recently, combination regimens. Despite the success of these regimens, advanced RCC remains a largely incurable disease, and additional strategies are warranted.
Breast Cancer Awareness and Barriers to Early Presentation in the Gaza-Strip: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Abu Kmeil Hanan , Abu-Jazar Maymona , Mahfouz Ibtisam , Ashour Dina , Aljamal Ansam , Mohareb Nada , Elbalaawi Reem , Dabbour Reem , Ghaith Jomana , Hasan Tayseer , Abdelati Meral , Saleh Esraa , Shawwa Haifa , Al-Ghazali Reem , Obaid Ola , Albarqouni Loai , Böttcher Bettina
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Timely detection of breast cancer (BC) is important to reduce its related deaths. Hence, high awareness of its symptoms and risk factors is required. This study aimed to assess the awareness level of BC among females in Gaza.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed during September and October 2017 in Gaza, Palestine. Stratified sampling was used to recruit patients from four hospitals and seven high schools. The validated Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM) was used to assess confidence and behavior in relation to breast changes, awareness of BC symptoms and risk factors, barriers to seek medical help, and knowledge of BC screening. Women (age ≥ 18 years) visiting or admitted to any of the four hospitals, and female adolescents (age 15 to 17 years) in any of the seven schools, were recruited for face-to-face interviews to complete the BCAM.

Results

Of 3,055 women approached, 2,774 participants completed the BCAM questionnaire (response rate, 90.8%); 1,588 (57.2%) were adults, and 1,186 (42.8%) were adolescents. Of these, 1,781 (64.2%) rarely (or never) checked their breasts, and 909 (32.8%) were not confident to notice changes. In total, 1,675 (60.4%) were aware of the availability of BC screening programs. The overall mean ± standard deviation score for awareness of BC symptoms was 5.9 ± 2.9 of 11, and that of risk factors 7.5 ± 3.1 of 16. Feeling scared was the most reported barrier to seeking advice reported among women (n = 802; 50.2%), whereas feeling embarrassed was the most reported in adolescents (n = 745; 62.8%).

Conclusion

Awareness of BC symptoms, risk factors, and screening programs is suboptimal in Gaza. Educational interventions are necessary to increase public awareness of BC and to train local female breast surgeons to address barriers to early detection.
Photography and Work
Authors: Coleman Kevin , James Daniel , Sharma Jayeeta
Published: October 2018

In this article, we ask what makes photographs different from other kinds of historical source material. What can photographic images do that other documents cannot? And what traps lie in wait for the historian using the visual record? Our more fundamental concern, however, is with the capacity of photography to capture labor and capital. Photographs are of the concrete and specific; but capital abstracts, rendering equivalent that which was once concrete. Can photographs help us to see how capitalism works? Here we consider the ways that photography has been central to both the expropriation and exploitation of labor and to the artistic critique of these practices. We argue that photography documents and artistically refigures the various things—nature, work, and caring communities—that capitalism needs to continue generating surpluses in a finite world.
Chris Killip and LaToya Ruby Frazier
Authors: Michaels Walter Benn , Zamora Daniel
Published: October 2018

Since the 1970s—in effect, the rise of neoliberalism—efforts by photographers to represent the working class have been accompanied by a substantial diminution in the power of that class and by efforts to redescribe its members in both individualizing and racialized terms. Focusing on work made by the British photographer Chris Killip (in the late seventies and early eighties) and on work made by the American photographer LaToya Ruby Frazier (some thirty years later), this article analyzes the way these photographers acknowledge the decline in working-class power while insisting on the continuing power of the idea of class conflict. Its concern is above all with the relations between photographer, subject, and audience and with the formal strategies deployed to insist on a certain structural antagonism between the photograph and its beholders.
El Dorado in the White Pines
Authors: Angus Siobhan
Published: October 2018

This article considers the role played by photography as both a chronicler and an agent of change in the development of industrial capitalism on Canada’s northern frontier. Landscape photography of early twentieth-century Canada highlighted raw natural resources or not yet commodified nature, training viewers to associate abundance and national destiny with the resource-rich north through an aesthetic of “wilderness as surplus.” As a genre, landscape has meanings that are mutable and often contradictory that reflect shifting relationships to the natural world. This article will chart some of the different ways that landscape was evoked in a region defined by geography but where land held competing meanings. Through an analysis of two neighboring communities on the Canadian Shield—Cobalt, a mining community, and Temagami, a logging community and wilderness vacation destination—I demonstrate that the instrumental and preservationist gazes were not so distinct as they are now. The conventions of landscape were utilized to naturalize capitalist domination over nature by presenting the natural world as something external to human society that could be controlled, owned, exploited, or protected. Photography was a mode of representation that enabled viewers to envision a place where commerce, industry, and art would come together in a nation-building project.
Capturing Capitalism’s Work
Authors: Toffoli Erica
Published: October 2018

This article traces photography’s double-edged role in mediating capitalism’s relationship with dependent laborers. It analyzes five photo-narratives published in the 1950s in the United States focusing on Mexican migrants working in the country as part of the bracero program. Certain photo-essays marshalled photography’s evidentiary properties to argue that workers became model patriarchs, satisfied laborers, and avid consumers, presenting the program as an agent of class uplift and mobility while repressing braceros’ political agency. In other photo-essays, the presence of braceros in the photographers’ images together with the accompanying text served to articulate resistant political subjectivities contesting twentieth-century capitalism’s impact on migrant laborers. Braceros acted as political subjects through circulated photographs that protested core, universal features of capitalism’s structure: the effacement of workers’ labor, the expropriation of their labor-power, and the (re)production of inequality. Photo-essays of braceros thus demonstrate photography’s capacity to reproduce capitalism and, at the same time, the camera’s potential to radically interrupt its workings by enabling workers’ agency and challenges to regimes that exploit and expropriate their labor.
Practices of Refusal in Images
Authors: Coleman Kevin
Published: October 2018

Historian Tina M. Campt began her career by using oral history interviews to consider the lives of black Germans under the Third Reich. Since then, she has become one of the most innovative scholars of photography. In this interview, Campt discusses her most recent book, Listening to Images, and the connections between oral history and working with archives of photographs. Campt describes how practices of dispossession link up with the ways that capital and the state operationalize race. She argues that “quotidian practices of refusal” can be read, or, better, heard and felt, in even the most objectifying photographs.
BKK the EZ Way: International Long-Run Growth News and Capital Flows
Authors: Colacito Ric , Croce Max , Ho Steven , Howard Philip
Published: October 2018

We study the response of international investment flows to shortand long-run growth news. Among developed G7 countries, positive long-run news for domestic productivity induces a net outflow of investments, in contrast to the effects of short-run growth shocks. We document that a standard Backus, Keho, and Kydland (1994) (BKK) model fails to reproduce this novel empirical evidence. We augment this model with Epstein and Zin (1989) preferences (EZ-BKK) and characterize the resulting recursive risk-sharing scheme. The response of international capital flows in the EZ-BKK model is consistent with the data. (JEL F14, F32, F43, G12)
Firm Sorting and Agglomeration
Authors: Gaubert Cecile
Published: October 2018

To account for the uneven distribution of economic activity in space, I propose a theory of the location choices of heterogeneous firms in a variety of sectors across cities. In equilibrium, the distribution of city sizes and the sorting patterns of firms are uniquely determined and affect aggregate TFP and welfare. I estimate the model using French firm-level data and find that nearly half of the productivity advantage of large cities is due to firm sorting, the rest coming from agglomeration economies. I quantify the general equilibrium effects of place-based policies: policies that subsidize smaller cities have negative aggregate effects. (JEL D22, D24, R11, R32)
Strategic Patient Discharge: The Case of Long-Term Care Hospitals
Authors: Eliason Paul J. , Grieco Paul L. E. , McDevitt Ryan C. , Roberts James W.
Published: October 2018

Medicare’s prospective payment system for long-term acute-care hospitals (LTCHs) provides modest reimbursements at the beginning of a patient’s stay before jumping discontinuously to a large lump-sum payment after a prespecified number of days. We show that LTCHs respond to the financial incentives of this system by disproportionately discharging patients after they cross the large-payment threshold. We find this occurs more often at for-profit facilities, facilities acquired by leading LTCH chains, and facilities colocated with other hospitals. Using a dynamic structural model, we evaluate counterfactual payment policies that would provide substantial savings for Medicare. (JEL H51, I11, I13, I18)
Recent advances in understanding Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Authors: Hawman David W. , Feldmann Heinz
Published: October 2018

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widely distributed hemorrhagic fever virus and the cause of hemorrhagic disease in Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, India and Asia. Recent emergence of CCHFV into Spain indicates that the geographic range of this virus is expanding and the presence of its tick vector in several countries without reported disease suggest that CCHFV will continue to spread. Research into CCHFV was historically limited by a lack of suitable animal models and tools to study viral pathogenesis. However, in the past few years the toolset for studying CCHFV has expanded with small animal and non-human primate models for CCHFV being developed along with a reverse genetics system that allows for investigation of viral determinants of disease. These tools have been utilized to understand how CCHFV antagonizes host restriction factors and to develop novel vaccine candidates that may help limit the substantial morbidity and mortality in humans caused by CCHFV.
Prostate cancer awareness at Brigham Young University of Idaho: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Jenks Drew , Moore Hannah , Ackerman Victoria
Published: October 2018

Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men, and is very common in older men. Early screenings have been proven to help diagnose prostate cancer sooner. Ignorance about prostate cancer can be a huge problem impeding men from getting screened. Hence, it is important to be aware of the disease and encourage prostate cancer screening by age 50. The purpose of this study was to establish the level of awareness of prostate cancer among college students at Brigham Young University of Idaho (BYU-I).

Methods: This survey research was conducted at BYU-I. Questionnaires were sent via email. Responses were received the same way and analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The study shows that knowledge about prostate cancer varied greatly among BYU-I students. The level of awareness is poor and is not correlated to gender or age.

Conclusion: This study shows a significant lack of awareness of prostate cancer among BYU-I students. Necessary steps should be taken to promote more awareness and early screening for prostate cancer in this setting. Educational opportunities should be offered for recognition of symptoms and to promote screening which will lead to early diagnosis and treatment.
Tissue and host species-specific transcriptional changes in models of experimental visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Ashwin Helen , Seifert Karin , Forrester Sarah , Brown Najmeeyah , MacDonald Sandy , James Sally , Lagos Dimitris , Timmis Jon , Mottram Jeremy C , Croft Simon L. , Kaye Paul M.
Published: October 2018

Background: Human visceral leishmaniasis, caused by infection withLeishmania donovaniorL. infantum,is a potentially fatal disease affecting 50,000-90,000 people yearly in 75 disease endemic countries, with more than 20,000 deaths reported. Experimental models of infection play a major role in understanding parasite biology, host-pathogen interaction, disease pathogenesis, and parasite transmission. In addition, they have an essential role in the identification and pre-clinical evaluation of new drugs and vaccines. However, our understanding of these models remains fragmentary. Although the immune response toLeishmania donovaniinfection in mice has been extensively characterized, transcriptomic analysis capturing the tissue-specific evolution of disease has yet to be reported.

Methods: We provide an analysis of the transcriptome of spleen, liver and peripheral blood of BALB/c mice infected withL. donovani. Where possible, we compare our data in murine experimental visceral leishmaniasis with transcriptomic data in the public domain obtained from the study ofL. donovani-infected hamsters and patients with human visceral leishmaniasis. Digitised whole slide images showing the histopathology in spleen and liver are made available via a dedicated website,www.leishpathnet.org.

Results:Our analysis confirms marked tissue-specific alterations in the transcriptome of infected mice over time and identifies previously unrecognized parallels and differences between murine, hamster and human responses to infection. We show commonality of interferon-regulated genes whilst confirming a greater activation of type 2 immune pathways in infected hamsters compared to mice. Cytokine genes and genes encoding immune checkpoints were markedly tissue specific and dynamic in their expression, and pathways focused on non-immune cells reflected tissue specific immunopathology. Our data also addresses the value of measuring peripheral blood transcriptomics as a potential window into underlying systemic disease. 

Conclusions:Our transcriptomic data, coupled with histopathologic analysis of the tissue response, provide an additional resource to underpin future mechanistic studies and to guide clinical research.
Socio-Cultural PR-Project Management in the National Theater
Authors: Корнилова Виктория , Kornilova Victoria , Дьячковская Айталина , Dyachkovskaya Aitalina
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the study of socio-cultural PR-design in the national theater. The authors describe the problem of reducing interest in attending a theater and stress the importance of using interactive interaction with the viewer. In order to attract the viewer's attention to the theater in the regional context, the article proposes to use the technology of project management. According to researchers, design technology can contribute to an effective increase in interest in the theater. The form of implementation of such projects can be various activities. As an approbation in the article, a description of a socio-cultural PR-project in the format of an interactive quest is offered, which allows the most effective solution of PR-problems in the national theater to attract the viewer. Also in work there is a number of the recommendations promoting improvement of quality of project management in the sphere of PR.
Analysis of Standards and Regulatory Documents Being Used in Item Descriptions and Specifications within Federal State Procurement
Authors: Икрянников Валентин , Ikryannikov Valentin , Барыкин Алексей , Barykin Alex
Published: October 2018

The article reports on the key finding of the study on standards and technical regulations used in item descriptions and specifications within federal public procurement in Russian Federation. Using content analysis of 2 098 public purchases conducted in the year 2017 by 15 federal public authorities 22 052 links for 2 657 standards and technical documents were identified. Documents age and structure analysis was carried out. The practical findings of the study can be applied for the development of national standardization program and perspective national standardization programs within priority areas. Research methods and approaches applied within the study can be effectively used for the purposes of law enforcement monitoring. Research was conducted under the government contract № 18401.160190019.10.002 of 17 April 2018.
Marketing Self-Improvement Programs for Self-Signaling Consumers
Authors: Schaefer Richard , Rao Raghunath Singh , Mahajan Vijay
Published: October 2018

Modeling how consumers manage self-control perceptions, this article derives equilibrium pricing policies for self-improvement programs.
Where Do Stars Come From? The Role of Star vs. Nonstar Collaborators in Creative Settings
Authors: Liu Haibo , Mihm Jürgen , Sosa Manuel E.
Published: October 2018

Creative stars make disproportionately influential contributions to their fields. Yet we know little about how an innovator’s creative performance is affected by collaborating with stars. This paper studies the creative aspects of interpersonal collaboration from a distinct perspective: the quality of the collaborator. Both star and nonstar collaborators provide different benefits to a focal innovator. The innovator benefits from collaborating with nonstars because they may provide access to diverse information improving the outcome of the creative task at hand. In contrast, the focal innovator benefits from collaborating with stars because the focal innovator can also experience and learn from the star’s superior set of creative synthesis skills (which integrate diverse, sometimes contradictory ideas into new coherent and holistic solutions) and, thus, build lasting creative capabilities. Building on theoretical arguments about those two different collaboration purposes, we first examine how a star collaboration (versus a nonstar collaboration) affects a comprehensive measure of an innovator’s creativity: the likelihood of emerging as a star. Second, we examine how the different creative benefits of engaging with a star versus a nonstar collaborator affect the effect of two widely studied aspects of interpersonal collaboration on star emergence: social network cohesion and expertise similarity. In contrast to collaborations with nonstars, for which social cohesion and expertise similarity limit access to diverse information, negatively affecting star emergence, social network cohesion and expertise similarity have a decidedly positive effect on star collaborations by improving the transfer of the star’s set of creative skills. Our empirical setting consists of designers who have been granted design patents in the United States from 1975 through 2010.
Os agentes comunitários de saúde nas práticas educativas: potencialidades e fragilidades
Authors: Araujo Elaine Franco dos Santos , Paz Elisabete Pimenta Araújo , Ghelman Liane Gack , Mauro Maria Yvone Chaves , Donato Marilurde , Farias Sheila Nascimento Pereira de
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: analisar a autoavaliação dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) frente a sua atuação nas práticas e ações de educação em saúde, nas quais eles foram os facilitadores/moderadores. Método: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em 2013, com 36 ACS, em duas unidades de saúde da família do município do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa foi aprovada por Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Aplicou-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado para a obtenção dos dados. Os depoimentos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdos. Resultados: obtiveram-se duas categorias: potencialidades – destacando-se a maior segurança decorrente das capacitações e satisfação; e fragilidades – como sobrecarga de trabalho e falta de tempo para planejar as atividades educativas. Conclusão: os ACS sentem-se realizados, porém, ainda, inseguros, para assumir e se apropriar das atividades de educação em saúde na comunidade, sendo, por isso, necessários maiores investimentos na formação e na educação permanentes dos ACS.
A dimensão prescrita e real de práticas de profissionais de saúde no contexto da segurança do paciente
Authors: Siman Andreia Guerra , Brito Maria José Menezes
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: compreender a dimensão prescrita e real das práticas de profissionais de saúde no contexto da segurança do paciente. Método: estudo de caso qualitativo. Os participantes foram 31 profissionais: membros do Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente e a equipe de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino, localizado em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, observação e dados secundários. Foi realizada triangulação de dados e a análise de conteúdo. O projeto foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 44109015.0.0000.5149. Resultados: as transformações ocorridas, como a criação do núcleo, plano de segurança do paciente e protocolos, foram evidenciadas mais na concepção prescritiva. A segurança do paciente não foi priorizada como diretriz estratégica do hospital. Falta capacitação da equipe e avaliação das ações. Conclusão: a segurança do paciente foi evidenciada mais no âmbito prescrito. O trabalho realizado não corresponde exatamente àquele proposto pelas regras e protocolos.
Violência e maus tratos contra a pessoa idosa: representações sociais de jovens, adultos e idosos
Authors: Amaral Ana Karênina De Freitas Jordão do , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes , Coler Maria Adriana , Alves Maria do Socorro Costa Feitosa , Mendes Felismina Rosa Parreira , Silva Antonia Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais sobre violência e maus tratos contra a pessoa idosa, construídas por jovens, adultos e idosos. Método: estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando o aporte teórico das representações sociais, realizado com 150 participantes, escolhidos aleatoriamente, no período de março/setembro de 2015. Dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada utilizando estímulos indutores: violência e maus tratos contra pessoa idosa. O material empírico foi organizado em dois corpora e processados com o auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ®. Os dados processados apontaram para o estimulo violência três classes semânticas; para maus tratos, duas classes. O projeto foi aprovado em Comitê de ética e pesquisa (protocolo 0516/14). Resultados: jovens falam de tipos de violência; adultos falam sobre contravenções relacionadas; idosos associam dimensões de cunho afetivo. Conclusão: espera-se que os achados contribuam para dimensionamento de ações educativas-protetivas para efetivação de políticas públicas ao idoso.
O conhecimento produzido acerca de climatério, família e envelhecimento
Authors: Soares Glaucimara Riguete de Souza , Sá Selma Petra Chaves , Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade , Souza Ivis Emília Oliveira , Penna Lucia Helena Garcia , Zveiter Marcele
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento produzido acerca de climatério, família e envelhecimento. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na base de dados BVS, Pubmed e Portal de Periódicos Capes (2012-2017). Resultados: respeitando-se os critérios de inclusão, 22 artigos foram selecionados e analisados em duas categorias: a influência da família no processo de envelhecimento de mulheres em fase de climatério e o enfrentamento do climatério e suas desordens na natureza físico-psicológica da mulher. Conclusão: é necessário estudar o climatério para além da sintomatologia clínica da menopausa na perspectiva de se promover o envelhecimento ativo e saudável. A família é parte integrante deste processo, por isso, enfermeiros e demais profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar devem incluí-la no processo de conhecimento, entendimento, acompanhamento e cura das sintomatologias transitórias que possam acometer a mulher em fase de climatério/ menopausa.
Visitação aberta em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: percepções da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Banhara Fabio Luiz , Farinha Francely Tinelli , Henrique Tatiane , Razera Ana Paula Ribeiro , Alves Nadja Guazzi Arenales , Trettene Armando Dos Santos
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: compreender a experiência de profissionais de enfermagem sobre a visitação aberta em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN), antes e após sua implementação. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, desenvolvido em uma maternidade pública situada em Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil, em 2016. A amostra foi definida pelo método de saturação de dados e constou de sete participantes. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a entrevista estruturada e como referencial metodológico a análise de conteúdo temática. A pesquisa iniciou-se após aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a partir dos discursos elencaram-se as categorias: expectativas profissionais antes da visitação aberta; enfrentando as dificuldades da visitação aberta; evidenciando os benefícios da visitação aberta; e desafios no seu aprimoramento. Conclusão: a percepção da equipe de enfermagem inicialmente foi negativa, porém após a implementação da visitação aberta na UTIN, evidenciaram-se os benefícios para os recém-nascidos, pais, acompanhantes e equipe.
Interrupções nas passagens de plantão de enfermagem na terapia intensiva: implicações na segurança do paciente
Authors: Oliveira Jéssica Grativol Aguiar Dias de , Almeida Luana Ferreira de , Fagundes Leni De Assis Hirabae , Andrade Karla Biancha Silva de , Paula Vanessa Galdino de , Sá Cláudia Maria Da Silva
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: identificar fatores intervenientes durante a passagem de plantão em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, observacional, quantitativo, totalizando 522 passagens de plantão entre profissionais de enfermagem, realizado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário do município do Rio de Janeiro, entre fevereiro e junho de 2017. Foi utilizado para coleta de dados, mediante a observação e registro dos pesquisadores, um check-list relacionado aos principais fatores que podem interferir na passagem de plantão. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva simples. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: os fatores mais observados foram: toque dos alarmes (79,6%), conversas paralelas (19,3%) e baixo tom de voz do profissional que realizou a passagem de plantão (11,1%). Conclusão: os fatores intervenientes identificados são considerados agravantes para a comunicação efetiva entre a equipe de enfermagem e representam riscos para a segurança do paciente.