bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating clinical, molecular, proteomic and histopathological data within the tissue context: tissunomics
Authors: Ramón y Cajal Santiago , Hümmer Stefan , Peg Vicente , Guiu Xavier M , De Torres Inés , Castellvi Josep , Martinez‐Saez Elena , Hernandez‐Losa Javier
Published: January 2019

Malignant tumours show a marked degree of morphological, molecular and proteomic heterogeneity. This variability is closely related to microenvironmental factors and the location of the tumour. The activation of genetic alterations is very tissue‐dependent and only few tumours have distinct genetic alterations. Importantly, the activation state of proteins and signaling factors is heterogeneous in the primary tumour and in metastases and recurrences. The molecular diagnosis based only on genetic alterations can lead to treatments with unpredictable responses, depending on the tumour location, such as the tumour response in melanomas versus colon carcinomas with BRAF mutations. Therefore, we understand that the correct evaluation of tumours requires a system that integrates both morphological, molecular and protein information in a clinical and pathological context, where intratumoral heterogeneity can be assessed. Thus, we propose the term ‘tissunomics’, where the diagnosis will be contextualised in each tumour based on the complementation of the pathological, molecular, protein expression, environmental cells and clinical data.
Novel method of zinc ions supplementing with fermented and unfermented ice cream with using PEF
Authors: Pankiewicz Urszula , Góral Małgorzata , Kozłowicz Katarzyna , Góral Dariusz
Published: January 2019

Bacteria of Lactobacillus rhamnosus B 442 were enriched with zinc ions using a pulsed electric field technology. The strain was added to the mix and used for the production of two types of ice cream: unfermented and fermented. Zinc content in the ice cream varied from 0.962 mg·100 g−1 to 1.81 mg·100 g−1. Differences were observed in some properties of unfermented and fermented ice cream. Lower fat content (from 4.86% to 4.92%) and lower hardness (3.88 N–4.32 N) were determined for the fermented ice cream, whereas the unfermented samples had higher meltability (1880s–1936s) and adhesiveness (from 29.66 Ns to −28.27 Ns). There was no statistically significant effect of the type of ice cream and Zn2+ addition on protein, ash and carbohydrate content in the final product. The viability of the bacteria was at a high level (4.09·108–3.26·1012).
Estimating willingness‐to‐pay for health care: A discrete choice experiment accounting for non‐attendance to the cost attribute
Authors: Sever Ivan , Verbič Miroslav , Sever Eva Klaric
Published: January 2019

Rationale, aims, and objectives

The literature suggests that discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are a preferable method for estimating willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) values, as they may avoid some biases often observed in contingent valuation surveys, such as protest and strategic behaviour. However, the choice studies have demonstrated that attribute non‐attendance may be a serious issue that leads to biased WTP estimates.

Method

A DCE was used to estimate patients' WTP for dental care at the dental school clinic. The endogenous attribute attendance (EAA) model was used to estimate WTP for dental care attributes, while accounting for non‐attendance to the cost attribute.

Results

The EAA model revealed that almost every second respondent had ignored the cost attribute when making choices, indicating that patients were very sensitive to other characteristics of dental care. Dental care providers should pay particular attention to providing a detailed explanation of treatment to their patients, as this was the most valued attribute of dental care. The welfare estimates from the EAA model, which accounted for non‐attendance to the cost attribute, were more than two times lower than welfare estimates from a traditional multinomial logit model and mixed logit model estimated in WTP space.

Conclusions

The findings raise concerns for derived WTP estimates in DCE studies that did not consider non‐attendance to the cost attribute during the estimation process. Non‐attendance to the cost attribute overestimates WTP values, even if being motivated by the true preferences of respondents.
Wild caught ornamental fish: a perspective from the UK ornamental aquatic industry on the sustainability of aquatic organisms and livelihoods
Authors: King Tracey A.
Published: January 2019

The ornamental aquatic industry involves the global commercial trade of live aquatic organisms such as fish, invertebrates and plants. It comprises a range of businesses including collectors, breeders, exporters, importers and retailers. Together, these form a supply chain through which aquatic organisms pass from their point of origin to the end point e.g., domestic aquaria and ponds. On a worldwide basis, the legal and legitimate ornamental aquatic trade is subject to regulation and monitoring throughout the majority of its supply chain. Approximately 90% of ornamental freshwater fish species traded are captive‐bred, but, due to their complex breeding cycles, 90–95% of ornamental marine fish species are wild‐caught. The ornamental aquatic industry and consumers therefore have a responsibility to ensure that wild‐caught species are sourced sustainably, legally and to good welfare standards. Such good practice should be considered a necessity for the longevity, not only of the ornamental aquatic industry, but of the livelihoods which depend on it and the future of ecosystems dependent on such communities.
Host choice and fitness of anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) living with host anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in captive conditions
Authors: Nguyen Hai‐Thanh T. , Tran A‐Nga T. , Ha Le Thi L. , Ngo Dang N. , Dang Binh T. , Geffen Audrey J.
Published: January 2019

In this study, we investigated the host choice of naïve Amphiprion ocellaris, a specialist, at two different stages of development (newly settling juveniles and post‐settlement juveniles). The fish were exposed to their natural and unnatural host species in the laboratory and their fitness was assessed in terms of activity and growth rate. Newly settling juveniles exhibited little host preference, while post‐settlement juveniles immediately associated with their most common host in the wild. The analysis of fish activity confirmed that A. ocellaris is diurnal; they are most active in the morning, less at midday and barely move at night. The average travelling distance of juveniles was shorter in the groups living with their natural host, increasing in the groups living with an unnatural host and was highest in groups that did not become associated with any other unnatural host species. Post‐settlement juveniles living with the natural host species grew better than those living with unnatural hosts or without anemone contact. These results suggest that the welfare of A. ocellaris in captivity will be optimized by keeping them with their natural anemone host species, although more generalist Amphiprion species may survive in association with other hosts.
Regional variations in the use of biologics and immunomodulators among Korean patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Han Minkyung , Jung Yoon Suk , Cheon Jae Hee , Park Sohee
Published: January 2019

Background and Aim

Variation in medical care can be an obstacle to improving quality and outcome of treatment. We conducted a nationwide, population‐based study to identify regional variations in medication prescription rates in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

Methods

Using the National Health Insurance claims, we collected data on patients diagnosed with IBD (8974 cases of Crohn's disease [CD] and 17 167 cases of ulcerative colitis [UC]) between 2010 and 2016.

Results

Overall rates of biologics (infliximab or adalimumab) use in CD and UC were 19.6% and 6.1%, respectively, and those of immunomodulator (azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine) use were 66.9% and 20.4%, respectively. The average periods from diagnosis to first biologics use for CD and UC were 1.6 and 1.8 years, respectively, and those of immunomodulators were 0.6 and 1.3 years, respectively. In Seoul, Daegu, and Busan, three major cities in Korea, biologics prescription rates for CD were 20.7%, 22.9%, and 14.6%, respectively, and those for UC were 7.3%, 6.7%, and 4.5%, respectively. In the top 7 regions with the highest number of patients in Seoul, there were 3.6‐fold and 3.2‐fold variations between regions with the highest and lowest frequency of biologics use in CD and UC, respectively. In addition, there were 1.6‐fold and 2.8‐fold variations between regions with the highest and lowest frequency of immunomodulator use for CD and UC, respectively.

Conclusions

Regional variation exists in medication prescription rates within a single city as well as nationwide, suggesting that standardization of IBD treatment is necessary in Korea.
Correlation of Barrett's esophagus with colorectal polyps in Japanese patients: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Takedomi Hironobu , Tsuruoka Nanae , Takamori Ayako , Miyahara Koichi , Yamanouchi Kohei , Shimamura Takuya , Fujimoto Yo , Noda Takahiro , Matsunaga Takuya , Takara Yoshimichi , Shimada Furitsu , Hidaka Hidenori , Endo Hiroyoshi , Anzai Keizo , Fujimoto Kazuma
Published: January 2019

Background and Aim

Barrett's esophagus and colorectal polyps have several overlapping risk factors. Whereas several reports in Western countries have indicated a close relationship between Barrett's esophagus and colorectal polyps, the relationship between these two diseases remains unclear in Japan. This study was performed to determine whether the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus is related to that of colorectal polyps in Japanese patients.

Methods

The present retrospective chart review included 1582 Japanese patients who underwent both total colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy from January 2010 to December 2016. The data on colorectal polyps and Barrett's esophagus were obtained from the endoscopic findings. The medical record of each patient was checked for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, use of acid suppression agents, and comorbidities including a history of diabetes, ischemic heart disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, and Helicobacter pylori infection.

Results

Colorectal polyps were detected in 789 of the 1582 patients (49.9%). Barrett's esophagus was detected in 233 patients (14.7%), and most cases of Barrett's esophagus (n = 229) were classified as short‐segment Barrett's esophagus. Colorectal polyps were more frequent in patients with than without Barrett's esophagus (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–2.46; P < 0.001). In addition to Barrett's esophagus, the data indicated that old age, male sex, obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease were independent risk factors for colorectal polyps.

Conclusions

The present study revealed the correlation between the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus and colorectal polyps in Japanese patients.
Comparison of polyp detection during both insertion and withdrawal versus only withdrawal of colonoscopy: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Cheng Chi‐Liang , Kuo Yen‐Lin , Liu Nai‐Jen , Tang Jui‐Hsiang , Fan Jiun‐Wei , Lin Cheng‐Hui , Tsui Yi‐Ning , Lee Bai‐Ping , Hung Hsiang‐Ling
Published: January 2019

Background and Aims

Polyps seen and not removed during colonoscope insertion are sometimes unable to be found during withdrawal. We aimed to evaluate whether additional inspection and polypectomy during insertion increases adenoma detection rate (ADR) compared with inspection and polypectomy entirely during withdrawal.

Methods

A total of 421 patients aged ≥ 45 years and undergoing colonoscopy were prospectively randomized to receive inspection and polypectomy during both insertion and withdrawal (study group) or inspection and polypectomy entirely during withdrawal (control group). The primary outcome was the ADR. Secondary outcomes included other adenoma‐related parameters and procedure‐related measures.

Results

Baseline demographics, procedure indications, preparation quality, total procedure time, sedative doses, colonoscopy difficulty, and patient discomfort were similar between the groups. The insertion time was significantly longer in the study group (11.1 ± 4.8 vs 6.2 ± 4.7 min, P < 0.0001). The withdrawal time was significantly longer in the control group (29.2 ± 9.8 vs 23.1 ± 7.9 min, P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the ADR (63.5% [study group] vs 68.1% [control group]), the mean adenoma per procedure (1.6 ± 2.0 vs 1.9 ± 2.4), or the mean adenoma per positive procedure (2.5 ± 2.0 vs 2.7 ± 2.5) between groups. The proximal colon ADR was significantly higher in the control group compared with the study group (56.2% vs 46.0%, P = 0.041).

Conclusions

Additional inspection and polypectomy during colonoscope insertion did not improve ADR compared with inspection and polypectomy entirely during withdrawal. These results do not support an additional role for routine inspection during insertion (clinical trial registration number: NCT03444090).
Grain‐scale dependency of metamorphic reaction on crystal plastic strain
Authors: Chapman Timothy , Clarke Geoffrey L. , Piazolo Sandra , Robbins Victoria A. , Trimby Patrick W.
Published: January 2019

The Breaksea Orthogneiss in Fiordland, New Zealand preserves water‐poor intermediate and mafic igneous rocks that were partially recrystallized to omphacite granulite and eclogite, respectively, at P ≈ 1.8 GPa and T ≈ 850°C. Metamorphic reaction consumed plagioclase and produced grossular‐rich garnet, jadeite‐rich omphacite, clinozoisite and kyanite. The extent of metamorphic reaction, identified by major and trace element composition and microstructural features, is patchy on the grain and outcrop scale. Domains of re‐equilibration coincide with areas that exhibit higher strain suggesting a causal link between crystal plastic strain and metamorphic reaction. Quantitative orientation analysis (EBSD) identifies gradual and stepped changes in crystal lattice orientations of igneous phenocrysts that are surrounded by homophase areas of neoblasts, characterized by high grain boundary to volume ratios and little to no internal lattice distortion. The narrow, peripheral compositional modification of less deformed garnet and omphacite phenocrysts reflects limited lattice diffusion in areas that lacked three‐dimensional networks of interconnected low‐angle boundaries. Low‐angle boundaries acted as elemental pathways (pipe diffusion) that enhanced in‐grain element diffusion. The scale of pipe diffusion is pronounced in garnet relatively to clinopyroxene. Strain‐induced mineral transformation largely controlled the extent of high‐T metamorphic reaction under relatively fluid‐poor conditions.
Restabilization treatment after intravenous immunoglobulin withdrawal in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Results from the pre‐randomization phase of the Polyneuropathy And Treatment with Hizentra study
Authors: Mielke Orell , Bril Vera , Cornblath David R. , Lawo John‐Philip , van Geloven Nan , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Lewis Richard A. , Merkies Ingemar S.J. , Sobue Gen , Durn Billie , Shebl Amgad , van Schaik Ivo N. ,   on behalf of the PATH study group
Published: January 2019

In patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is recommended to be periodically reduced to assess the need for ongoing therapy. However, little is known about the effectiveness of restabilization with IVIG in patients who worsen after IVIG withdrawal. In the Polyneuropathy And Treatment with Hizentra (PATH) study, the pre‐randomization period included sudden stopping of IVIG followed by 12 weeks of observation. Those deteriorating were then restabilized with IVIG. Of 245 subjects who stopped IVIG, 28 did not show signs of clinical deterioration within 12 weeks. Two hundred and seven received IVIG restabilization with an induction dose of 2 g/kg bodyweight (bw) IgPro10 (Privigen, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania) and maintenance doses of 1 g/kg bw every 3 weeks for up to 13 weeks. Signs of clinical improvement were seen in almost all (n = 188; 91%) subjects. During IVIG restabilization, 35 subjects either did not show CIDP stability (n = 21, analyzed as n = 22 as an additional subject was randomized in error) or withdrew for other reasons (n = 14). Of the 22 subjects who did not achieve clinical stability, follow‐up information in 16 subjects after an additional 4 weeks was obtained. Nine subjects were reported to have improved, leaving a maximum of 27 subjects (13%) who either showed no signs of clinical improvement during the restabilization phase and 4 weeks post‐study or withdrew for other reasons. In conclusion, sudden IVIG withdrawal was effective in detecting ongoing immunoglobulin G dependency with a small risk for subjects not returning to their baseline 17 weeks after withdrawal.
Weight management telehealth intervention for overweight and obese rural cardiac rehabilitation participants: A randomised trial
Authors: Barnason Susan , Zimmerman Lani , Schulz Paula , Pullen Carol , Schuelke Sue
Published: January 2019

Aims and Objectives

To determine whether a weight management intervention (WMI) plus cardiac rehabilitation (CR) compared to CR alone improves outcomes for overweight and obese cardiac revascularisation patients.

Background

Despite participating in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), few cardiac patients lose enough weight to achieve clinically significant cardiovascular disease risk reduction.

Design

A randomised controlled design was used with measurements at baseline, 4 and 6 months, guided by the CONSORT checklist, see Supporting Information File S1. Adults who had undergone either coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and participated in a rural CR programmes were recruited. Subjects were randomised to a 12‐week telehealth WMI or control group. The primary outcome was weight loss. Secondary outcomes included physical activity, patient activation, perceived self‐efficacy and use of weight management behaviours.

Results

A total of 43 subjects participated, with a mean age of 63 (±9.3) years. The WMI group had significantly more weight loss averaged across the 4 and 6 months of 13.8 (±2.8) pounds compared to the control group [mean = 7.8 (±2.2) pounds]. There were no significant differences in physical activity (activity counts or daily minutes in moderate or more intense activity). The WMI group had significantly higher levels of patient activation. They also had significantly higher total scores on the Diet and Exercise Self‐Management survey, and subscales that included self‐efficacy for specific eating habits and managing diet behaviour.

Conclusions

Findings demonstrated the usefulness and feasibility of using telehealth delivery of the WMI for cardiac rehabilitation participants in rural communities to improve weight management outcomes.

Relevance to Practice

Study findings underscore the opportunity to further improve weight loss of overweight and obese cardiac participants using a weight management intervention to augment CR participation.
Pregnancy outcomes of antibody negative and untreated subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Cakmak Burcu D. , Turker Ulku A. , Temur Muzaffer , Ustunyurt Emin
Published: January 2019

Aim

Subclinical hypothyroidism is thought to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes but the data is conflicting and generally depends on antibody positivity and treatment. We evaluated the pregnancy outcomes in Turkish population with untreated, antibody negative subclinical hypothyroidism for the first time.

Methods

We searched for 30 015 patients between January 2016 and May 2017 retrospectively. Finally, a total of 930 pregnant women with untreated, antibody negative subclinical hypothyroidism and 7986 controls were included. Demographic characteristics, laboratory findings and pregnancy outcomes, including pregnancy loss, impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, placenta previa and abruption, cesarean delivery, low birthweight, Apgar score <7 and premature rupture of membranes were recorded.

Results

Demographic and laboratory characteristics were similar between two groups except thyroid stimulating hormone levels and previous uterine surgery rates. Subclinical hypothyroidism group had an increased risk of pregnancy loss (odds ratio [OR] 2.583; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.982–3.365; P < 0.001), impaired glucose tolerance (OR 1.952; 95% CI 1.450–2.627; P < 0.001), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR 1.476; 95% CI 1.113–1.923; P = 0.004), neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR 1.620; 95% CI 1.084–2.420; P = 0.019), placenta previa (OR 12.581; 95% CI 5.046–31.363; P < 0.001) and cesarean delivery (OR 1.263; 95% CI 1.091–1.462; P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Subclinical hypothyroidism has worse pregnancy outcomes as compared to euthyroid pregnant women even in antibody negativity. Therefore, we suggest that all pregnant women should routinely be screened in their first antenatal visits for thyroid functions.
Obesity, sedentarism and TMD‐pain in adolescents
Authors: Jordani Paula C. , Campi Letícia B. , Braido Guilherme V. V. , Fernandes Giovana , Visscher Corine M. , Gonçalves Daniela A. G.
Published: January 2019

Background

Obesity is a chronic and prevalent disorder, affecting individuals of all age. Previous evidence suggests that it is associated with some types of chronic pain, especially musculoskeletal pain. In addition, sedentarism is also associated with an increase of the inflammatory factors and chronic pain. So, we conducted a cross‐sectional study to evaluate the association between obesity, sedentarism and the presence of TMD‐pain in adolescents.

Methods

Temporomandibular Disorders were classified according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Obesity was assessed by the body mass index (BMI), bioimpedance (BIA), skinfold (triceps and subscapular) and circumferences (arm and abdominal). The level of physical activity was rated according to the instrument adopted by the Brazilian National School Health Survey. Descriptive statistics, univariate logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to study the associations of interest.

Results

The sample consisted of 690 individuals with a mean age of 12.7 (±0.76) years of whom 389 (56.4%) were girls. Of the total, 112 (16.2%) had TMD‐pain, 110 (15.9%) were obese according to BMI, 74 (10.8%) according to BIA, and 127 (18.4%) following the skinfolds and circumferences assessments. There was no significant association between TMD‐pain and obesity according to BMI (P = 0.95), BIA (P = 0.16), skinfold and circumference (P = 0.22), and neither with sedentarism (P = 0.94).

Conclusion

Obesity and sedentarism were not associated with the presence of TMD‐pain in adolescents.
Prevalence of oral mucosal disorders during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bett João Victor Silva , Batistella Elis Ângela , Melo Gilberto , Munhoz Etiene de Andrade , Silva Carolina Amália Barcellos , Guerra Eliete Neves da Silva , Porporatti André Luís , De Luca Canto Graziela
Published: January 2019

Objective

To assess the prevalence of oral mucosal disorders during pregnancy.

Methods

Observational studies were selected by two reviewers in a two‐phase process. Search strategies were applied at CINAHL, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Synthesis of results was calculated by the software R Statistics version 3.5.1 (The R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Confidence in cumulative evidence was assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.

Results

Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis and meta‐analysis, of which 5935 participants were enrolled. The overall prevalence of oral mucosal disorders was 11.8%. Gingival hyperplasia (17.1%), morsicatio buccarum (10%), oral candidiasis (4.4%), pyogenic granuloma (3%), and benign migratory glossitis (2.8%) were the most prevalent lesions. The overall risk of bias was considered moderate, and the quality of evidence was very low.

Conclusion

Disorders of the oral mucosa were present in approximately 1 out of 10 pregnant women. Gingival hyperplasia was the most prevalent lesion. Further studies should apply homogeneous methodology to improve the quality of evidence.
Intraspecific facilitation explains the spread of the invasive engineerSpartina anglicain Atlantic salt marshes
Authors: Proença Barbara , Nez Tanya , Poli Armand , Ciutat Aurélie , Devaux Ludovic , Sottolichio Aldo , de Montaudouin Xavier , Michalet Richard
Published: January 2019

Questions

Invasiveness depends in part on the ability of exotic species to either exclude native dominants or to fill an empty niche. Comparisons of niches and effects of closely related native and invasive species enable the investigation of this topic. DoesSpartina anglicainvade European salt marshes through competitive exclusion of the nativeSpartina maritimaor due to the occurrence of an empty ecological niche in highly anoxic conditions?

Study Site

The Arcachon Bay (France).

Methods

At three intertidal levels, we quantified competitive response and effect abilities of the two species through a cross‐transplantation removal experiment. We also compared the biomass, root/shoot ratio, productivity and environmental conditions (elevation, salinity, redox potential and soil moisture) of salt marsh communities dominated by the exoticSpartina anglicaor the nativeSpartina maritimaat three intertidal levels.

Results

Both established species showed similar biotic resistance to the invasion of the other species, but the exotic showed important intraspecific facilitation for growth. Species had similar niches and total biomass along a gradient of anoxic conditions, but the exotic had a much higher root/shoot ratio and productivity than the native. Owing to its rhizome density, the exotic showed high ability to increase sediment oxygenation, likely to explain its important intraspecific facilitation.

Conclusions

Our results showed that the invasion success ofS. anglicacannot be explained by the competitive exclusion of the native or by its ability to fill an empty niche along a gradient of anoxia. Its behaviour as a self‐facilitator invasive engineer very likely explains its rapid spread in the Bay and biotic resistance to the colonization of other congeneric species when established in dense patches. Additionally, we suggest that physical disturbance in marsh communities dominated by the nativeS. maritimamay disrupt its biotic resistance against the invasion ofS. anglica.
Tracking labels for occurrences of alleged child abuse from police interviews to trials
Authors: Danby Meaghan C. , Earhart Becky , Brubacher Sonja P. , Powell Martine B. , Goodman‐Delahunty Jane , Westera Nina J.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Labelling (i.e., naming) individual occurrences of repeated abuse allegations with explicit and consistent terms may improve children's reporting of these offences. The aim of the present study was to track labels for occurrences of alleged child sexual abuse from the police interview to court proceedings.

Methods

We examined the labels used in the police interviews and trials of 23 child complainants (5–15 years old at interview). The initiator of each label (child, interviewer, lawyer, or judge), stage of the process in which the label was generated, and the type of information used to label specific occurrences of abuse were recorded. Any subsequent reuse or replacement of the labels was also recorded.

Results

Most labels were created by police interviewers. Few children generated labels. Most occurrences of abuse were labelled early in the legal process; 82% were first labelled either in the police interview or in the prosecution's opening statement. The labels were frequently replaced with alternate terms, with an average of three different labels for the same incident. After original labels were established for occurrences, they were just as likely to be replaced as they were to be reused. The most frequently observed label replacement was by defence lawyers during cross‐examination.

Conclusions

Labels were used inconsistently throughout the police interview and trial. To give children the best chance of describing specific occurrences of abuse during legal proceedings, labels should be created from children's words wherever possible and used consistently thereafter by all justice professionals.
New pieces to the lanthanide puzzle
Authors: Chistoserdova Ludmila
Published: January 2019

Recently, rare‐earth elements lanthanides (Ln3+) have emerged as enzyme cofactors of methanol dehydrogenases of the XoxF type. It is now understood that XoxF enzymes can functionally replace the alternative, calcium‐dependent, MxaFI‐type methanol dehydrogenases, when Ln3+ are available. These rare‐earth metals are not only essential for XoxF activity, but they also regulate gene expression, in a reverse fashion, activating the expression of XoxF and repressing the expression of MxaFI. This type of regulation has created multiple conundrums, including the details of the solubility, transport, sensing and selection mechanisms for Ln3+ by the bacterial cells, as well as the questions relevant to the evolution of the alternative enzymes and their potentially different redox properties. Overall, the newly discovered biological activity of Ln3+ presents a big puzzle. Ochsner et al. add several pieces to this puzzle, utilizing a model phyllosphere colonizer Methylobacterium extorquens PA1. They determine that Ln3+ sensing by this organism can take place via both XoxF‐dependent and XoxF‐independent mechanisms. They also identify genes for a TonB‐dependent transporter and an ABC‐type transporter and demonstrate that both are essential for Ln3+‐dependent methanol metabolism. The puzzle still requires multiple additional pieces for completion, but great strides have been made toward the goal of solving it.
Efficacy of winter–spring strategic control against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations on cattle in an area with ecological conditions highly favourable for the tick in northeast Argentina
Authors: Nava S. , Toffaletti J. R. , Morel N. , Guglielmone A. A. , Mangold A. J.
Published: January 2019

This work was performed to test the efficacy of winter–spring control strategies against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infestations on cattle in the area ecologically most favourable for the development of this tick in Argentina. Two control schemes using three and four annual applications of acaricides, respectively, were evaluated. Animals in Group 1 were treated with ivermectin 3.15% on day 0, fluazuron on day 34, and fipronil on day 85. Animals in Group 2 were treated with ivermectin 3.15% on day 0, fluazuron on day 34, flumethrin on day 85, and fipronil on day 114. Animals in Group 3 represented the control group. Both treatment schemes provided appropriate levels of efficacy against R. microplus and also prevented the occurrence of the major peak in the frequency of this tick in autumn. The two treatment schemes were similar in terms of efficacy and thus the addition of a fourth treatment does not seem to confer any further advantage. The results of this work indicate that these strategic control methods provide appropriate levels of control against R. microplus.
Arabidopsis acyl‐CoA‐binding proteins regulate the synthesis of lipid signals
Authors: Lung Shiu‐Cheung , Chye Mee‐Len
Published: January 2019

Plant lipid signals are crucial developmental modulators and stress response mediators. A family of acyl‐CoA‐binding proteins (ACBPs) participates in the lipid trafficking of these signals. Isoform‐specific functions can arise from differences in their subcellular distribution, tissue‐specificity, stress‐responsiveness, and ligand selectivity. In lipid‐mediated cell signaling, plant ACBPs are not merely transporters but are also important regulators via their interaction with lipid‐metabolic enzymes and precursor lipids. In this Insight, the regulatory roles of plant ACBPs in the synthesis of various signaling lipids, including phosphatidic acid, sterols, oxylipins, and sphingolipids, are reviewed. We focus on the functional significance of these lipid signals in plant development and stress responses with an overview of recent work using reverse genetics and transgenic Arabidopsis.
The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease
Authors: Jiang Ming , Li Zhuoneng , Zhu Guangxun
Published: January 2019

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to destruction of periodontal tissues. As a local inflammation, periodontopathic bacterium, pro‐inflammatory mediators, and local immune response play pivotal role in the progress of periodontal disease. Besides, cigarette smoke has long been associated with periodontal disease and tooth loss. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process highly conserved from yeast to humans. As a lysosomal degradation pathway of self‐digestion, it is critical for maintaining cells homeostasis and development. The role of autophagy has been investigated in oral diseases, such as oral cancer, periapical lesions, and oral candidiasis. Recently, increasing studies investigated the role of autophagy in periodontal disease. In this review, we try to illustrate the effect of autophagy on periodontal disease pathogenesis from 5 aspects: autophagy affects the intracellular infection and survival of bacteria; autophagy has an interaction with periodontal inflammation; autophagy is pivotal in periodontal cells biology and periodontal tissues destruction and reconstruction; autophagy can be induced by cigarette smoke; last but not least, autophagy may affect periodontal disease via endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Impact of food allergy on food insecurity and health literacy in a tertiary care pediatric allergy population
Authors: Dilley Meredith A. , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna , Christie Lynn , O’Brien Erin , Patterson Megan , Weeks Connelly , Aronson Julia , Scurlock Amy M. , Perry Tamara T. , Pesek Robbie D. , Bell Matthew C. , Kennedy Joshua L. , Chandler Peggy , Magee James , Simmons Larry , Chervinskiy Sheva K. , Casey Patrick , Jones Stacie M.
Published: January 2019

Background

Food insecurity (FI), limited availability of or access to nutritional foods, is linked to poor child/caregiver health. We examined FI in food‐allergic and non‐food‐allergic children to determine whether dietary limitations associated with food allergy increases risk of FI.

Methods

Food‐allergic and non‐food‐allergic children (1‐17 years) were recruited from Arkansas Children's Hospital allergy/asthma clinics. The USDA Food Security Survey, the Newest Vital Sign Health Literacy (HL) questionnaire, and the Food Allergy Impact Scale QOL survey were administered. Logistic regression and analysis of covariance models were utilized for data analysis.

Results

Subjects (n = 650) included 325 food‐allergic and 325 non‐food‐allergic children. Overall rate of FI was 21.5% (food allergic 22.2% and non‐food allergic 20.9%) with no significant difference in the prevalence of FI between groups (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 0.86‐1.96; P = 0.21). FI was increased in households of children with both milk and egg allergy when compared to those without food allergy and those with single food allergy (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.4‐4.6; P = 0.003). Mean HL rates were higher in the food‐secure vs food‐insecure groups (mean diff = 0.31; 95% CI 0.03‐0.59; P = 0.03). Among food‐allergic children, QOL was better in the food‐secure vs food‐insecure group (mean diff = 0.61; 95% CI 0.002‐1.23; P = 0.049).

Conclusion

Food allergy to milk and egg was associated with increased risk of household FI. Food‐insecure participants had lower HL than their food‐secure counterparts. Further work is needed to define risks associated with FI among food‐allergic children to improve screening and management strategies.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity across empirically based structural dimensions of psychopathology: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Beauchaine Theodore P. , Bell Ziv , Knapton Erin , McDonough‐Caplan Heather , Shader Tiffany , Zisner Aimee
Published: January 2019

Low resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is observed in many mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, and nonsuicidal self‐injury, among others. Findings for RSA reactivity are more mixed. We evaluate associations between RSA reactivity and empirically derived structural categories of psychopathology—including internalizing, externalizing, and thought problems—among physically healthy adults. We searched multiple electronic databases for studies of RSA among participants who were assessed either dimensionally using well‐validated measures or diagnostically using structured interviews. Strict inclusion criteria were used to screen 3,605 published reports, which yielded 37 studies including 2,347 participants and 76 effect sizes. We performed a meta‐analysis, with meta‐analytic regressions of potential moderators, including psychopathology subtypes. The sample‐wide meta‐analytic association between RSA reactivity and psychopathology was quite small, but heterogeneity was considerable. Moderation analyses revealed significant RSA reactivity (withdrawal) specifically in externalizing samples. Additional moderators included (a) stimulus conditions used to elicit RSA reactivity (only negative emotion inductions were effective), (b) sex (women showed greater RSA reactivity than men), and (c) adherence to established methodological guidelines (e.g., higher electrocardiographic sampling rates yielded greater RSA reactivity). These findings indicate that associations between RSA reactivity and psychopathology are complex and suggest that future studies should include more standardized RSA assessments to increase external validity and decrease measurement error.
Playing a double game? Pursuing innovation through ambidexterity in an international acquisition program from the Arabian Gulf Region
Authors: Park Kathleen Marshall , Meglio Olimpia
Published: January 2019

Acquisitions represent a strategy for enhancing competitive responsiveness in the global management of technology and innovation. Even more than single and domestic acquisitions, cross‐border acquisition programs present opportunities for firms seeking to sustain innovation. Yet, scant attention has been paid to the innovation dynamics of pursuing multiple, international acquisitions. We remedy this gap by investigating a multinational logistics firm enacting a multi‐decade program of cross‐border, technology intensive acquisitions and achieving dual competencies in (1) innovation and ambidexterity, (2) the exploration and exploitation capabilities of ambidexterity, and (3) tight and loose integration approaches. We determine that the firm relied on contextual, temporal, and structural manifestations of ambidexterity in acquisition integration. Findings illuminate the processual nature of an international acquisition program and suggest how ambidexterity benefits the acquisition of both innovation and innovative capabilities, when a firm applies a portfolio of tight‐to‐loose integration approaches.
Sedimentary fabric characterized by X‐ray tomography: A case‐study from tsunami deposits on the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Authors: Paris Raphaël , Falvard Simon , Chagué Catherine , Goff James , Etienne Samuel , Doumalin Pascal
Published: January 2019

X‐ray tomography is used to analyse the grain size and sedimentary fabric of two tsunami deposits in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean) which are particularly exposed to trans‐Pacific tsunamis. One site is located on the southern coast of Nuku Hiva Island (Hooumi) and the other one is on the southern coast of Hiva Oa Island (Tahauku). Results are compared with other techniques such as two‐dimensional image analysis on bulk samples (particle analyser) and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. The sedimentary fabric is characterized through three‐dimensional stacks of horizontal slices (following a vertical step of 2·5 mm along the cores), while grain‐size distribution is estimated from two‐dimensional vertical slices (following a step of 2 mm). Four types of fabric are distinguished: (a) moderate to high angle (15 to 75°); (b) bimodal low‐angle (<15°); (c) low to high angle with at least two different orientations; and (d) dispersed fabric. The fabric geometry in a tsunami deposit is not only controlled by the characteristics of the flow itself (current strength, flow regime, etc.) but also sediment concentration, deposition rate and grain‐size distribution. There is a notable correlation between unimodal high‐angle fabric – type (a) – and finely‐skewed grain‐size distribution. The two tsunami deposits studied represent two different scenarios of inundation. As demonstrated here, X‐ray tomography is an essential method for characterizing past tsunamis from their deposits. The method can be applied to many other types of sediments and sedimentary rocks.
Can a List Experiment Improve Validity of Abortion Measurement?
Authors: Bell Suzanne O. , Bishai David
Published: January 2019

Although induced abortion is common, measurement issues have long made this area of research challenging. The current analysis applies an indirect method known as the list experiment to try to improve survey‐based measurement of induced abortion. We added a double list experiment to a population‐based survey of reproductive age women in Rajasthan, India and compared resulting abortion estimates to those we obtained via direct questioning in the same sample. We then evaluated list experiment assumptions. The final sample completing the survey consisted of 6,035 women. Overall, 1.8 percent of the women reported a past abortion via the list experiment questions, whereas 3.5 percent reported an abortion via the direct questions, and this difference was statistically significant. As such, the list experiment failed to produce more valid estimates of this sensitive behavior on a population‐based survey of reproductive age women in Rajasthan, India. One explanation for the poor list experiment performance is our finding that key assumptions of the methodology were violated. Women may have mentally enumerated the treatment list items differently from the way they enumerated control list items. Further research is required to determine whether researchers can learn enough about how the list experiment performs in different contexts to effectively and consistently leverage its potential benefits to improve measurement of induced abortion.
Oxygen isotope disequilibrium during serpentinite dehydration
Authors: Lafay Romain , Baumgartner Lukas P. , Putlitz Benita , Siron Guillaume
Published: January 2019

Talc + olivine in metaperidotites result from the serpentinite breakdown due to increasing temperature in the Bergell contact aureole. Jack‐straw olivine textures are present in close proximity to the serpentine breakdown reaction. As the intrusion is approached, the number of olivine crystals increases while the size of the crystals decreases; this feature documents increased overstepping with increased heating rates. Talc veinlets are observed in the outer parts of the talc–olivine zone and are interpreted to be pathways of fluid produced during devolatilization of serpentine. None of the talc–olivine oxygen isotope pairs analysed are in isotopic equilibrium with respect to the peak contact temperature. This implies that escaping fluids cannot be in equilibrium with both phases. Hence, the fluid produced by serpentine reaction does not directly reflect the protolith composition, and attention must be given to the reaction mechanism before interpreting fluid isotope composition.
Effects of Tax Evasion and Tax Policy on Economic and Social Environment: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Terzic Saudin , Džakula Miro
Published: January 2019

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is still at an early stage in development of functional economic and social environment. “How do tax evasion and tax policy effect on economic and social environment?” This is one of the key issues that requires full attention of fiscal policy and is also the hypothesis of this study. Is tax evasion in direct correlation with the economic welfare of a society, social environment and economic activity? The effort to shed light on these questions can help in the implementation of measures and activities on the prevention and suppression of tax evasion.In the focus of interests of this study are two groups of respondents, the taxpayers on one side who make contacts with professional groups on the other side employed in tax administrations (inspectors). For the purpose of analysing the collected data, the statistical package of SPSS was used. The contribution of this research and the main research result indicate that tax evasion has multiplicative effects, it destroys the reputation of institutions primarily and in particular the reputation of the tax administration, it poses a threat to the tax system and rule of law, causing taxpayer’s distrust of the tax system itself. Thus, by reducing tax evasion the situation in public finances improves substantially. The study shows the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of tax evasion in BiH (which is not a goal in itself), including analysis of current tax procedures and tax policy of BiH and their influence on economic and social environment.
Risk-Based Seismic Performance Assessment of Pressurized Piping Systems Considering Ratcheting
Authors: Ravi Kiran A. , Reddy G. R. , Agrawal M. K.
Published: January 2019

A procedure is described for risk-based seismic performance assessment of pressurized piping systems considering ratcheting. The procedure is demonstrated on a carbon steel piping system considered for OECD-NEA benchmark exercise on quantification of seismic margins. Initially, fragility analysis of the piping system is carried out by considering variability in damping and frequency. Variation in damping is obtained from the statistical analysis of the damping values observed in earlier experiments on piping systems and components. The variation in ground motion is considered by using 20 strong motion records of the intraplate region. Floor motion of a typical reactor building of a nuclear power plant under these actual earthquake records is evaluated and applied to the piping system. The performance evaluation of the piping system in terms of ratcheting is carried out using a numerical approach, which was earlier validated with shake table ratcheting tests on piping components and systems. Three limit states representing performance levels of the piping system under seismic load are considered for fragility evaluation. For each limit state, probability of exceedance at different levels of floor motion is evaluated to generate a fragility curve. Subsequently, the fragility curves of the piping systems are convoluted with hazardous curves for a typical site to obtain the risk in terms of annual probability of occurrence of the performance limits.