bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Greener Future: How do R&D Factor Market Distortions Affect Green Total Factor Energy Efficiency?
Authors: Pang Si Lu , Wang Mei Ling , Hua Gui Hong , Liu Yu Qing
Published: April 2022

This study examines the spatial effect of R&D capital and labor market distortions on the green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) using a dynamic spatial Durbin model in China from 2000 to 2018. The results show that 1) China's GTFEE exhibits path‐dependent and agglomeration characteristics in terms of time and space, respectively. In both spatial and temporal dimensions, an increase in local GTFEE stimulates future local GTFEE and inhibits future GTFEE growth in neighboring areas. 2) R&D capital market distortion has a continuous inhibiting effect on the local GTFEE in the short and long terms. R&D labor market distortion has a continuous stimulating effect on the local GTFEE, and its effect gradually strengthens. 3) R&D capital market distortion may indirectly weaken the GTFEE by inhibiting green innovation and industrial upgrading. R&D labor market distortion may indirectly improve the regional GTFEE by suppressing the energy rebound effect and improving green innovation. Based on these results, a series of policy recommendations are proposed.
State of Charge and State of Health Assessment of Viologens in Aqueous‐Organic Redox‐Flow Electrolytes Using In Situ IR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution
Authors: Nolte Oliver , Geitner Robert , Volodin Ivan A. , Rohland Philip , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: April 2022

Aqueous‐organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) have gained considerable interest in recent years, given their potential for an economically viable energy storage at large scale. This, however, strongly depends on both the robustness of the underlying electrolyte chemistry against molecular decomposition reactions as well as the device's operation. With regard to this, the presented study focuses on the use of in situ IR spectroscopy in combination with a multivariate curve resolution approach to gain insight into both the molecular structures of the active materials present within the electrolyte as well as crucial electrolyte state parameters, represented by the electrolyte's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). To demonstrate the general applicability of the approach, methyl viologen (MV) and bis(3‐trimethylammonium)propyl viologen (BTMAPV) are chosen, as viologens are frequently used as negolytes in aqueous‐organic RFBs. The study's findings highlight the impact of in situ spectroscopy and spectral deconvolution tools on the precision of the obtainable SOC and SOH values. Furthermore, the study indicates the occurrence of multiple viologen dimers, which possibly influence the electrolyte lifetime and charging characteristics.
Mechanical Switching of Ferroelectric Domains in 33‐200 nm‐Thick Sol‐Gel‐Grown PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Films Assisted by Nanocavities
Authors: Gonzalez Casal Sergio , Bai Xiaofei , Alhada‐Lahbabi Kevin , Canut Bruno , Vilquin Bertrand , Rojo Romeo Pedro , Brottet Solène , Albertini David , Deleruyelle Damien , Bugnet Matthieu , Canero Infante Ingrid , Gautier Brice
Published: April 2022

The mechanical switching of ferroelectric domains is achieved in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films obtained by the sol‐gel method for thicknesses up to 200 nm. The dielectric polarization can be switched when a force higher than a given threshold value in the order of some μNewtons is applied with the tip of an atomic force microscope. This threshold is determined as a function of the thickness of the films, and local hysteresis loops are recorded under mechanical stress. The possibility of switching the polarization in such unusually thick films is related to the existence in their volume of physical nanoscale defects, which might play the role of pinning centers for the domains.
Alfalfa forage yield, milk yield, and nutritive value under intensive cutting
Authors: Eckberg James O. , Wells Samantha S. , Jungers Jacob M. , Lamb JoAnn F. S. , Sheaffer Craig C.
Published: April 2022

Forage yield, nutritive value, and stand persistence are key metrics in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) management. The combination of cultivar improvement, longer growing seasons in the Midwest, and trends of shorter alfalfa rotations offer opportunity to reevaluate the effects of increasing cutting frequency (CF) on these metrics. We evaluated forage yield, nutritive value, milk production, and persistence of eight alfalfa entries with fall dormancy (FD) ranging from two (FD2) to five (FD5) under CF of four (CF4), five (CF5), or six (CF6) annual cuts during two production years in two environments in the upper midwestern United States. Nutritive value and milk kg–1 alfalfa increased with increased CF and differed among alfalfa entries. Cutting frequency and alfalfa entry interactively influenced forage yield and milk production ha–1 yet optimal CF depended on environment. At one environment, increasing CF from CF4 to CF5 and from CF5 to CF6 caused a 5 and 29% decrease in milk ha–1, respectively. At another environment, CF5 had about 16% greater milk production than CF4 and CF6. The CF6 reduced persistence of 3rd‐year stand density with the effects especially severe for some entries. Alfalfa entry FD was not correlated to forage yield or persistence, but an entry with FD5 was consistently among those with the greatest in forage and milk yield ha–1 at CF5 and CF6. These results suggest that intensifying CF from four to five harvests per season of some cultivars can boost yield and nutritive value without negative effects on stand persistence in some environments.
A fluorescent film sensor for high‐performance detection of Listeria monocytogenes via vapor sampling
Authors: Huang Rongrong , Li Meiqi , Lin Dehui , Shao Yangtao , Shang Congdi , Liu Qianqian , Liu Guijun , Li Nan , Miao Rong , Peng Haonan , Tang Yanli , Fang Yu
Published: April 2022

Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes poses serious threats to public health. Fast and sensitive detection of the pathogen at the point of contamination is thus crucial to halt the spread of bacteria‐related diseases. Herein, we report for the first time a fluorescent film sensor to detect the biomarker of L. monocytogenes, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone. The sensor demonstrated unprecedented sensing performance for the analyte with a detection limit lower than 0.05 mg/m3, response time less than 1 s, full reversibility, and excellent selectivity. Further study showed that the sensor can be used to monitor the growth of L. monocytogenes with much‐improved sensitivity. The superior performance of the sensor is ascribed to the specific binding, efficient charge transfer emission, and porous adlayer structure of the specially designed sensing fluorophore‐based film. Our work paves the way to develop a portable detector to meet the needs for on‐site and real‐time detection of foodborne pathogens.
Hypercoagulability, endotheliopathy, and inflammation approximating 1 year after recovery: Assessing the long‐term outcomes in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Fan Bingwen Eugene , Wong Shiun Woei , Sum Christina Lai Lin , Lim Gek Hsiang , Leung Bernard PuiLam , Tan Chuen Wen , Ramanathan Kollengode , Dalan Rinkoo , Cheung Christine , Lim Xin Rong , Sadasiv Mucheli Shravan , Lye David Chien , Young Barnaby Edward , Yap Eng Soo , Chia Yew Woon ,   The COVID‐19 Clotting and Bleeding Investigators
Published: April 2022

Sustained hypercoagulability and endotheliopathy are present in convalescent COVID‐19 patients for up to 4 months from recovery. The hemostatic, endothelial, and inflammatory profiles of 39 recovered COVID‐19 patients were evaluated up to 16 months after recovery from COVID‐19. These values were compared with a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 124). 39 patients (71.8% males, median age 43 years) were reviewed at a mean of 12.7 ± 3.6 months following recovery. One patient without cardiovascular risk factors had post COVID‐19 acute ischaemic limb. Elevated D‐dimer and Factor VIII levels above normal ranges were noted in 17.9% (7/39) and 48.7% (19/39) of patients respectively, with a higher median D‐dimer 0.34 FEU μg/mL (IQR 0.28, 0.46) (p < .001) and Factor VIII 150% (IQR 171, 203) (p = .004), versus controls. Thrombin generation (Thromboscreen) showed a higher median endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) of 1352 nM*min (IQR 1152, 1490) (p = .002) and a higher median peak height of 221.4 nM (IQR 170.2, 280.4) (p = 0.01) and delayed lag time 2.4 min (1.42–2.97) (p = 0.0002) versus controls. Raised vWF:Ag and ICAM‐1 levels were observed in 17.9% (7/39) and 7.7% (3/39) of patients respectively, with a higher median VWF:Ag 117% (IQR 86, 154) (p = 0.02) and ICAM‐1 54.1 ng/mL (IQR 43.8, 64.1) (p = .004) than controls. IL‐6 was noted to be raised in 35.9% (14/39) of patients, with a higher median IL‐6 of 1.5 pg/mL (IQR 0.6, 3.0) (p = 0.004) versus controls. Subgroup analysis stratifying patients by COVID‐19 severity and COVID‐19 vaccination preceding SARS‐CoV‐2 infection did not show statistically significant differences. Hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation are still detectable in some patients approximately 1 year after recovery from COVID‐19.
Overexpression of the energy metabolism transcriptome within clonal plasma cells is associated with the pathogenesis and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Evans Laura A. , Anderson Emilie A. , Jessen Erik , Nandakumar Bharat , Atilgan Ezgi , Jevremovic Dragan , Hitosugi Taro , Fonseca Rafael , Kumar Shaji K. , Gonsalves Wilson I.
Published: April 2022

Altered energy metabolism and changes in glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways are hallmarks of all cancer cells. The expression of select genes associated with the production of various enzymes and proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were assessed in the clonal plasma cells derived from patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) enrolled in the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass data set. A scoring system consisting of assigning a point for every gene where their fragments per kilobase of transcript per million (FPKM) was above the median yielded a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 12 for the set of genes in the glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways to create a total energy metabolism molecular signature (EMMS) score. This EMMS score was independently associated with worse progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients with NDMM. A higher EMMS score was more likely to be present in clonal plasma cells derived from Multiple myeloma (MM) patients than those from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). This was functionally confirmed by the clonal plasma cells from MM patients having a higher rate of mitochondrial and glycolysis‐derived ATP formation than clonal plasma cells from MGUS patients. Thus, this study provides evidence for the effect of energy metabolism within clonal plasma cells on pathogenesis and outcomes of patients with MM. Exploiting the energy‐producing metabolic pathways within clonal plasma cells for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in MM should be explored in the future.
Unimolecular Nanoparticles toward More Precise Regulations of Self‐Assembled Superlattices in Soft Matter
Authors: Lei Huanyu , Liu Yuchu , Liu Tong , Guo Qing‐Yun , Yan Xiao‐Yun , Wang Yicong , Zhang Wei , Su Zebin , Huang Jiahao , Xu Wei , Bian Feng‐Gang , Huang Mingjun , Cheng Stephen Z. D.
Published: April 2022

The hierarchical self‐assembly process opens up great potential for the construction of nanostructural superlattices. Precise regulation of self‐assembled superlattices, however, remains a challenge. Even when the primary molecules are precise, the supramolecular motifs (or secondary building blocks) can vary dramatically. In the present work, we propose the concept of unimolecular nanoparticles (UMNPs). The UMNPs act as the supramolecular motif and directly pack into the superlattices. A highly branched giant molecule is presented. We systematically explore its conformations and the superlattice of this giant molecule. Moreover, intriguing complex phases are discovered when blending this UMNP with other conventional giant molecules. These binary mixtures provide direct evidence to support our previously proposed self‐sorting process in the self‐assembly of “soft alloys”. The concept of UMNPs offers a unique approach toward more precise regulation of self‐assembled superlattices in soft matter.
Revisiting pure component wax esters as basis of wax‐based oleogels
Authors: Brykczynski Henriette , Wettlaufer Till , Flöter Eckhard
Published: April 2022

Current research on wax‐based oleogels indicates wax esters to be the key component in many natural waxes. This necessitates understanding the properties of pure wax esters to unravel the gelling mechanism in wax‐based oleogels. Therefore, available literature data on pure wax esters is summarized and critically reviewed. The detailed analysis of the pre‐existing data on crystallographic (SAXS) and thermal properties, facilitates the interpretation of subsequently performed experiments: Specific wax esters with different carbon numbers and symmetries were studied as such and in oleogels formed in combination with medium chained triglyceride oil at inclusion levels of 10% (w/w). They were characterized regarding their thermal (differential scanning calorimetry [DSC]) and viscoelastic (oscillatory rheology) behavior. It is found that all observations concerning pure wax esters behave systematically, linking molecular makeup, crystal structure, and behavior. The experimental study of oleogels structured by four different binary mixtures of wax esters revealed that substantial chain length differences induce separate crystallization (CN30 + 36 and CN30 + 42). Mixtures of wax esters with only limited chain length difference (≤ 2 carbon atoms) reconfirmed earlier speculations on mixing behavior and crystal structure. Applying mixtures of wax esters only differing in their position of the ester bond (CN36 [14_22] + CN36 [22_14]) indicated ideal mixing behavior in the solid phase of the gels. Surprisingly, the data revealed that additional thermal events occur at specific mixing ratios, predominantly at 1:1 (w/w). Their supposed relation to compound formation certainly needs further confirmation. Rheological analysis confirmed that sequential crystallization results in highest firmness values for the systems studied.
Coupling Red‐to‐blue Upconversion Organic Microcrystals with Cd0.5Zn0.5S for Efficient and Durable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Yanpeng , Yu Tianjun , Zeng Yi , Chen Jinping , Yang Guoqiang , Li Yi
Published: April 2022

For semiconductor photocatalysts with excellent performance in solar H2 production, broadening the utilization of solar irradiation is highly necessary to further improve the solar conversion efficiency. Herein, we combined a Cd0.5Zn0.5S photocatalyst with DPA/PdTPTBP microcrystals capable of red‐to‐blue photon upconversion, realizing substantial performance enhancement and an apparent quantum yield of 0.16% for H2 production driven by sub‐bandgap photons (600∼650 nm). Meanwhile, this system could smoothly work with H2 production rate of 1.40 mmol g−1 h−1 for as long as 40 hours under 200 mW/cm2 irradiation with only 3% attenuation of photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the O2‐barrier property of DPA/PdTPTBP microcrystals assures that photocatalytic H2 production remains effective in the presence of 10% O2 by volume, which offers an opportunity for the photocatalytic application in O2‐enriched environments. The combination of O2‐resistant upconversion microcrystals and semiconductor catalysts is the most successful solution for the construction of TTA‐UC‐based photocatalytic H2 production system so far. The present study provides a clear guideline for designing new TTA‐UC‐based photocatalytic systems.
LF‐EMF Compound Block Type Signal Activates Human Neutrophilic Granulocytes In Vivo
Authors: Cuppen Jan J. M. , Gradinaru Cristian , Raap ‐ van Sleuwen Bregje E. , de Wit Anna C. E. , van der Vegt Ton A. A. J. , Savelkoul Huub F. J.
Published: April 2022

This research aims to demonstrate in a randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover design study that a nominal 5 μT low‐frequency electromagnetic field (LF‐EMF) signal for 30 min activates neutrophils in vivo in humans. Granularity of neutrophils was measured in blood samples of healthy human volunteers (n = 32) taken before and after exposure for both the exposure and control sessions. A significant decrease in the granularity, indicative of neutrophil activation, was observed both in the exposure measurements and the exposure minus control measurements. Earlier EMF publications show immune function increase in isolated cells and more effective immune responses in animals with infections. This result, therefore, supports the thesis that the exposure can activate the innate immune system in humans, speed up the innate immune response, and may have potential beneficial effects in infectious disease. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
An integrated and continuous downstream process for microbial virus‐like particle vaccine biomanufacture
Authors: Gerstweiler Lukas , Billakanti Jagan , Bi Jingxiu , Middelberg Anton P. J.
Published: April 2022

In this study, we present the first integrated and continuous downstream process for the production of microbial virus‐like particle vaccines. Modular murine polyomavirus major capsid VP1 with integrated J8 antigen was used as a model virus‐like particle vaccine. The integrated continuous downstream process starts with crude cell lysate and consists of a flow‐through chromatography step followed by periodic counter‐current chromatography (PCC) (bind‐elute) using salt‐tolerant mixed‐mode resin and subsequent in‐line assembly. The automated process showed a robust behavior over different inlet feed concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 3.2 mg ml−1 with only minimal adjustments needed, and produced continuously high‐quality virus‐like particles, free of nucleic acids, with constant purity over extended periods of time. The average size remained constant between 44.8 ± 2.3 and 47.2 ± 2.9 nm comparable to literature. The process had an overall product recovery of 88.6% and a process productivity up to 2.56 mg h−1 mlresin−1 in the PCC step, depending on the inlet concentration. Integrating a flow through step with a subsequent PCC step allowed streamlined processing, showing a possible continuous pathway for a wide range of products of interest.
Tailoring the morphology of hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf0.6Zr0.4O2) as a cocatalyst for photoelectrochemical water oxidation over a hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanode
Authors: Kim Hee Won , Won Jung Yoon , Pan Zhenhua , Sohn Woon Yong
Published: April 2022

We fabricated the hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanode with Hf0.6Zr0.4O2 (HZO)‐based cocatalysts prepared by two different types of the surface treatments, the overlayer coating, and the deposition of the nanoparticles. When the HZO nanoparticles were deposited, the current density at 1.23 VRHE was improved by about 31%, compared to that of the bare α‐Fe2O3 film, with the cathodic shift of the onset potential. On the other hand, in the case of the HZO overlayer, the PEC performance drastically decreased. In this study, we revealed that HZO nanoparticles could act as a cocatalyst, while the overlayer treatment accelerated the surface recombination.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts in breast cancer: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Hu Dengdi , Li Zhaoqing , Zheng Bin , Lin Xixi , Pan Yuehong , Gong Peirong , Zhuo Wenying , Hu Yujie , Chen Cong , Chen Lini , Zhou Jichun , Wang Linbo
Published: April 2022

The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment. Studies have revealed that CAFs in breast cancer originate from several types of cells and promote breast cancer malignancy by secreting factors, generating exosomes, releasing nutrients, reshaping the extracellular matrix, and suppressing the function of immune cells. CAFs are also becoming therapeutic targets for breast cancer due to their specific distribution in tumors and their unique biomarkers. Agents interrupting the effect of CAFs on surrounding cells have been developed and applied in clinical trials. Here, we reviewed studies examining the heterogeneity of CAFs in breast cancer and expression patterns of CAF markers in different subtypes of breast cancer. We hope that summarizing CAF‐related studies from a historical perspective will help to accelerate the development of CAF‐targeted therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
Synthesis of Active Hybrid Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibers as Active Packaging Material
Authors: Yahaya Wan Amnin Wan , Subramaniam Sarmilaah Dewi , Azman Nurul Aini Mohd , Adam Fatmawati , Almajano Maria Pilar
Published: April 2022

Active packaging films derived from renewable biopolymers with an antioxidant formulation are a promising alternative in prolonging food shelf life. This study aimed to develop active hybrid films from semi‐refined carrageenan, plasticized with glycerol, incorporating α‐tocopherol, and enhanced with cellulose nanofibers derived from empty fruit bunch as reinforcing agents for improved film function in active packaging. The active hybrid films were characterized for their properties, and the release of antioxidant α‐tocopherol was observed in food simulant and fresh meat. The application of the active hybrid films reinforced with cellulose nanofibers as active packaging for food products is presented.
Optimization of an Asymmetric Reaction
Authors: Ma Chunmiao , Tang Jie , Yu Lu , Wen Kehan , Gan Quan
Published: April 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Quan Gan and co‐workers at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The image depicts aromatic oligoamide sequences winding around a substrate with conformational control. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200834.
Association of colchicine use for acute gout with clinical outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Roth Mary E. , Chinn Melissa E. , Dunn Steven P. , Bilchick Kenneth C. , Mazimba Sula
Published: April 2022

Background

Gout is a common comorbidity in heart failure (HF) patients and is frequently associated with acute exacerbations during treatment for decompensated HF. Although colchicine is often used to manage acute gout in HF patients, its impact on clinical outcomes when used during acute decompensated HF is unknown.

Methods

This was a single center, retrospective study of hospitalized patients treated for an acute HF exacerbation with and without acute gout flare between March 2011 and December 2020. We assessed clinical outcomes in patients treated with colchicine for a gout flare compared to those who did not experience a gout flare or receive colchicine. The primary outcome was in‐hospital all‐cause mortality.

Results

Among 1047 patient encounters for acute HF during the study period, there were 237 encounters (22.7%) where the patient also received colchicine for acute gout during admission. In‐hospital all‐cause mortality was significantly reduced in the colchicine group compared with the control group (2.1% vs. 6.5%, p = .009). The colchicine group had increased length of stay (9.93 vs. 7.96 days, p < .001) but no significant difference in 30‐day readmissions (21.5% vs. 19.5%, p = .495). In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, inpatient colchicine use was associated with improved survival to discharge (hazards ratio [HR] 0.163, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.051−0.525, p = .002) and a reduced rate of in‐hospital CV mortality (HR 0.184, 95% CI 0.044−0.770, p = .021).

Conclusion

Among patients with a HF exacerbation, treatment with colchicine for a gout flare was associated with significantly lower in‐hospital mortality compared with those not treated for acute gout.
Mapping the Melatonin Receptor. 8. Selective MT2 Agonists Derived from 5,6‐Dihydroindolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and Related Systems
Authors: Tsotinis Andrew , Afroudakis Pandelis A. , Papanastasiou Ioannis P. , Sakellaropoulou Aikaterini , Boniakou Marina , Komiotis Dimitri , Garratt Peter J. , Delagrange Philippe , Bocianowska‐Zbrog Alina , Sugden David
Published: April 2022

A series of substituted indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and indolo[1,2‐a]benzoxazines have been prepared, as melatonin analogues, to investigate the nature of the binding site of the melatonin receptor. Agonist and antagonist potency of all the analogues was measured using the [35S]GTPγS binding assay protocol. The binding affinity of the analogues were measured by competition binding studies against the human MT1 (hMT1) and MT2 (hMT2) receptors stably transfected in Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells, using 2‐[125I]‐iodomelatonin, as a ligand. N‐Acetyl 2‐(10‐methoxy‐5,6‐dihydroindolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐12‐yl)propyl‐1‐amine (12 a) binds strongly to both the hMT1 and hMT2 receptors, and shows a preference for the hMT2, as does its propanamido counterpart 12 b. The introduction of two methyl groups into their side chain, analogues 15 a and 15 b, leads to antagonism, in the case of the former, and drastically diminishes its hMT1 binding; an analogous profile is seen for 15 b, which, however, is a partial agonist. Introduction of chlorine or methoxy groups into ring 4 gives compounds, that are weakly binding, with a preference for MT2. Substitution of oxygen for carbon at position 5 gives the indolo[1,2‐c]benzoxazines 33, 36 a and b, that bind strongly to the human receptors, 33, 36 b being potent agonists at the melatonin receptors, but do not discriminate between hMT1 and hMT2.
An updated assessment of 43,110 patients enrolled in the Childhood Cancer Research Network: A Children's Oncology Group report
Authors: Brown Austin L. , Sok Pagna , Scheurer Michael E. , Rabin Karen R. , Marcotte Erin L. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Spector Logan G. , Lupo Philip J.
Published: April 2022

Background

The Childhood Cancer Research Network (CCRN) was established by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) as a resource for epidemiologic studies of childhood cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the representativeness of CCRN and identify factors associated with enrollment.

Method

The number of US childhood patients with cancer diagnosed <20 years of age enrolled in CCRN (2008‐2015) was compared to expected counts, calculated from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence rates and US Census population estimates. Observed‐to‐expected ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated across sex, race, diagnosis age, calendar year, and cancer diagnosis groups. Multivariable linear regression models were generated to evaluate the association between open COG phase 3 therapeutic trials and CCRN enrollment rates.

Result

The 43,110 cases enrolled in CCRN represented 36% of the expected childhood cancers diagnosed from 2008 to 2015 (N = 120,118). CCRN enrollment ratios [95% CI] were highest among males (0.38 [95% CI, 0.37‐0.38]), non‐Hispanics (0.35 [95% CI, 0.35‐0.36]), and those diagnosed from 1 to 4 years of age (0.50 [95% CI, 0.50‐51]). Enrollment ratios varied by diagnosis group, with leukemia, myeloproliferative diseases, myelodysplastic diseases (0.55 [95% CI, 0.54‐0.55]), and renal tumors (0.55 [95% CI, 0.53‐0.58]) having the highest enrollment. After adjusting for year of diagnosis and cancer diagnosis, there was a 3.1% [95% CI, 0.6‐5.6%] increase in CCRN enrollment during windows of open COG therapeutic trials.

Conclusions

Despite enrolling only 36% of newly diagnosed cases, CCRN remains a valuable resource for investigators conducting childhood cancer etiology and survivorship research. The results of this study may inform efforts to improve enrollment on current and future COG nontherapeutic registry protocols.
Probing the possibility of lesion formation/progression in vicinity of a primary atherosclerotic plaque: A fluid–solid interaction study and angiographic evidences
Authors: Nooraeen Ahmad , Ghalichi Farzan , Taghizadeh Hadi , Guidoin Robert
Published: April 2022

It is shown that certain locations in the arterial tree, such as coronary and cerebral arteries, are more prevalent to plaque formation. Endothelial activation and consequent plaque development are attributed to local hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), relative residence time (RRT), and stress phase angle. After a certain level of plaque progression, these hemodynamic parameters are disturbed before and after the plaque. In the current study, it is hypothesized that the vicinity of a primary lesion is susceptible for further degeneration and second plaque formation. A fluid–solid interaction (FSI) model of the coronary artery with different levels of asymmetric constriction, is simulated and the trend of hemodynamic parameters were studied in both of the plaque side (PS) and the opposite wall (facing the plaque [PF]). Also, a novel factor is introduced that can identify the high‐risk regions associated with WSS oscillations to negative values. Our results indicate that when more than half of the artery is constricted, the downstream of the plaque is highly exposed to endothelial pathogenesis the PS, such that negative WSS, and as well, critical values of OSI and RRT, that is, −1.2 Pa, 0.42 and 6.5 s, respectively arise in this region. PS endothelial cells in this region exposed to the highest risk of atherosclerosis based on the proposed index (3 out of 3). As well, three cases of angiographic images are provided that confirms existence of secondary lesion close to the primary one as predicted by our computational simulations.
Treatment outcomes of T and natural‐killer/T‐cell lymphoma with ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide chemotherapy
Authors: Tay Tricia , Somasundaram Nagavalli , Lim Cindy , Khoo Lay Poh , Goh Allan Zhi Kai , Lee Yuh Shan , Liu Xin , Tao Miriam , Quek Richard , Farid Mohamad , Poon Eileen , Chan Jason Y. S. , Chang Esther W. Y. , Yang Valerie S. W. , Goh Yeow Tee , Tan Daryl , Diong Colin , Grigoropoulos Nicholas F. , Nagarajan Chandramouli , Poon Michelle , de Mel Sanjay , Jeyasekharan Anand , Chan Esther H. L. , Lee Joanne , Chee Yen Lin , Lim Soon Thye , Tang Tiffany
Published: April 2022

Background

Contemporary data of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) and natural‐killer/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTL) patients treated with ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) are limited.

Aims

We performed a retrospective analysis to estimate outcomes of ICE‐treated PTCL and NKTL patients at three tertiary cancer centres in Singapore.

Methods and Results

Patients were identified through lymphoma databases from National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), National University Hospital, Singapore (NUHS), and Singapore General Hospital (SGH). Responses and survival outcomes were determined from electronic medical records. A total of 75 patients with a median age of 50 were included. ICE was used as first‐line treatment in 14 patients (19%) and as subsequent lines of treatment in 61 patients (81%). The overall response rates (ORR) for all patients was 63% (40% complete response [CR]). The ORR and CR in the first line were 86% and 64% respectively. At a median follow‐up duration of 71.0 months, the median progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 4.4 months (95%CI, 2.7–6.0) and 16 months (95%CI, 8.3–45.4) respectively.

Conclusion

In summary, ICE showed high ORR but poor PFS in relapsed/refractory PTCL and NKTL. ORR of ICE in the first line setting appears better than real‐world CHOP data and warrants further study.
Determinants of insurance companies' environmental, social, and governance awareness
Authors: Brogi Marina , Cappiello Antonella , Lagasio Valentina , Santoboni Fabrizio
Published: April 2022

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria are increasingly important in all fields of economics. However, despite increasing interest from policy makers and financial regulators, literature relating to the insurance industry is still scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the interaction between a set of financial ratios and environmental social governance scores of 107 large, listed US insurance companies for the period 2010–2018 for the purpose of identifying the determinants of ESG awareness. Larger, more profitable, and more solvent insurance companies show the highest level of ESG awareness. Our model contributes to shed light on the unfolding of ESG practices in the insurance industry.
HIV‐associated dysbiosis and immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Johnson Samuel D. , Byrareddy Siddappa N.
Published: April 2022

The microbiomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) are significantly dysregulated with a loss of bacteria diversity and shifts in composition, including increases in pathogenic and decreases in beneficial species. Because of the microbiome's role in modulating health, the effect of this dysbiosis on immune response in PLWH has been a significant concern, mainly because these shifts can persist even after viral suppression during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, due to limitations on sample availability, few studies have been able to provide insights into these microbiome‐immune interactions. Recently, Olivas‐Martínez et al. characterized ileum and caecum mucosa‐associated microbiomes of PLWH based on their level of peripheral CD4+ T‐cell reconstitution following long‐term cART. Their analysis revealed distinct microbiome signatures predictive of recovery. Additionally, differences in markers of gut inflammation and damage between response groups were described, further implicating mucosal disruptions with immune reconstitution. These new data demonstrate an interdependence of microbiome and therapy response, and additional studies are urgently required to fully elucidate this crosstalk and microbiome dynamics from before/after infection and finally, long‐term viral suppression with cART.
Urine thebaine determination by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after poppy seed consumption
Authors: Bollini Stephanie Marina , Banks J. Fred , Hobbs Gregory A.
Published: April 2022

Laboratories are challenged to distinguish whether a positive urine morphine result is due to heroin use or possible poppy seed consumption. Thebaine is an opium alkaloid that has been shown to be present in the urine of individuals who have consumed poppy seeds, as well as those who have used opium. It is not present in heroin. We present a sensitive, specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay for thebaine. We show that thebaine is detectable after consumption of two different poppy seed‐containing products for up to 72 h in urine. We discuss limitations of the assay and suggest how the test might best be used.
Use of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for determination of higenamine in urine following oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Guo Chengjun , Zhang Ning , Zhang Xiaoli , Chi Mingfeng , Liu Dongren , Zhang Jing
Published: April 2022

Since higenamine (HG) was first included in the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA) 2017 Prohibited List, an increasing number of plants have been found to contain this ingredient. As a result, doctors are hesitant to prescribe traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to athletes. Thus, it is very important to assess the risks of doping violations due to HG following the oral administration of TCM. We determined the drug concentration‐time curves for HG in urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) after single or multiple administrations of lotus seed powder on volunteers, the single dose was equivalent to 750 μg of HG, and the multiple doses were equivalent to 90 μg of HG each, 3 times daily for 5 consecutive days. For the single‐dose group, the HG could be detected in urine 0.5 h after administration and reached a maximum concentration of 16.5 ng/mL 1 h after administration. For the multiple‐dose group, the HG concentrations in urine showed two peaks at 29 and 77 h post‐administration with 22.6 and 23.1 ng/mL, respectively. At the dosage used in this study, the maximum concentration of HG in some urine samples exceeded the WADA limit of 10.0 ng/mL; the risk was still very high, so athletes must avoid this amount of HG when using TCM. In addition, our study provided further data supporting the presence of sulfonated metabolites of HG in urine samples.
The ecology of the banded civet (Hemigalus derbyanus) in Southeast Asia with implications for mesopredator release, zoonotic diseases, and conservation
Authors: Dunn Ashlea , Amir Zachary , Decoeur Henri , Dehaudt Bastien , Nursamsi Ilyas , Mendes Calebe , Moore Jonathan H. , Negret Pablo Jose , Sovie Adia , Luskin Matthew Scott
Published: April 2022

Habitat loss and degradation threaten forest specialist wildlife species, but some generalist mesopredators exploit disturbed areas and human‐derived food, which brings them into closer contact with humans. Mesopredator release is also important for human health for known zoonotic disease reservoirs, such as Asian civets (Viverridae family), since this group includes the intermediator species for the SARS‐CoV‐1 outbreak. Here we use camera trapping to evaluate the habitat associations of the widespread banded civet (Hemigalus derbyanus) across its range in Southeast Asia. At the regional scale, banded civet detections among published studies were positively associated with forest cover and negatively associated with human population. At the local scale (within a landscape), hierarchical modeling of new camera trapping showed that abundance was negatively associated with forest loss and positively associated with distance to rivers. These results do not support mesopredator release and suggest a low likelihood overlap with humans in degraded habitats and, therefore, a low risk of zoonotic disease transmission from this species in the wild. We also estimate that banded civet distribution has contracted to under 21% of its currently recognized IUCN Red List range, only 12% of which falls within protected areas, and a precipitous recent decline in population size. Accordingly, we suggest the banded civet's Red List status should be re‐evaluated in light of our findings.
Soil microbial communities are not altered by garlic mustard in recently invaded central Illinois forests
Authors: Edwards Joseph D. , Yang Wendy H. , Yannarell Anthony C.
Published: April 2022

The invasive forest plant garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) has been shown to alter soil microbial communities in the northeastern part of its invaded range in the United States, and this disruption of soil communities may contribute to its invasion success. However, garlic mustard allelochemistry can vary with invasion age, and it is not clear whether garlic mustard's impacts on soil microbes are consistent over its invaded range. Here, we compare the composition and diversity of soil fungal, bacterial, and archaeal communities among garlic mustard present, absent, and removed treatments in replicated blocks across five forests in the midwestern United States with relatively young garlic mustard invasions (approximately 17–26 years old, with consistent management). We collected samples in May and August, corresponding to garlic mustard active and senescent life history stages. While soil fungal and bacterial/archaeal communities (based on ITS2 region and 16S rRNA gene DNA sequencing, respectively) differed significantly between different blocks/forests and over time, we found no significant effect of garlic mustard treatment on soil microbial community composition or the relative abundance of mycorrhizal, saprotrophic, or pathogenic fungal guilds. The lack of garlic mustard impacts on the soil microbial community in recently invaded central Illinois forests suggests that these well‐documented impacts in the northeastern United States and in older invasions cannot necessarily be generalized across all environmental contexts.
Nuanced qualitative trait approaches reveal environmental filtering and phylogenetic constraints on lichen communities
Authors: Koch Natália M. , Stanton Daniel , Müller Sandra C. , Duarte Leandro , Spielmann Adriano A. , Lücking Robert
Published: April 2022

We propose that a qualitative trait approach based on more detailed nuanced traits may reveal previously overlooked patterns, especially when combined with phylogenetic perspectives. By sampling epiphytic lichens and using a functional approach based on nuanced qualitative traits, such as a much greater resolution over photobiont identity, type of cortex, and chemical compounds, we evaluated the effects of environmental filtering and phylogenetic constraints on community assembly along a natural succession of Atlantic rainforest. We found changes in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic composition, structure, and diversity. Functional traits such as photobiont genera, type of cortex, reproductive structures, propagule size, and protection strategies showed strong responses to succession. Mature forests with a closed canopy impose strong environment filtering that is reflected in lichen species turnover, limiting diversity, but also holding different functional and phylogenetic composition. The use of a nuanced qualitative trait approach may overcome some of the limitations of using this type of traits and shows the importance of often‐overlooked key lichen functional traits, including the presence of carbon‐concentrating mechanisms in photobionts and cortex properties. Furthermore, this is the first study showing how patterns of phylogenetic assembly along forest succession structure lichen communities.
Extreme drought induces rapid declines in co‐occurring native Bouteloua eriopoda and invasive Eragrostis lehmanniana
Authors: Buerdsell Sherri L. , Milligan Brook G. , Lehnhoff Erik A.
Published: April 2022

Global climate change is expected to result in increased temperatures and variation in precipitation. In the Desert Southwest region of the United States, climate change may result in drier conditions. Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) is an invasive species that has extensively colonized the southwestern United States, including Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) grasslands. While both E. lehmanniana and B. eriopoda evolved in arid conditions, drier conditions may influence this invader–native system in unforeseen ways. Using a combination of precipitation pivot point (PPP) and drought sensitivity (DS) analysis, we compared responses of B. eriopoda and E. lehmanniana to altered precipitation regimes including long‐term drought treatments in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico. We defined PPP as the critical point in precipitation amount below which plant percent cover decreased and above which it increased. We used DS, defined as the square millimeters of cover lost when precipitation decreased by 1 mm, to elucidate the direct response of biomass to drought on either side of the PPP. We estimated mean monsoon PPPs of 62.5 and 63.7 mm for B. eriopoda and E. lehmanniana, respectively. We estimated mean annual (1 October–30 September) PPPs of 108.6 and 108.5 mm for B. eriopoda and E. lehmanniana, respectively. Bouteloua eriopoda mean DS was 4.71 mm2/mm. Eragrostis lehmanniana mean DS was 1.56 mm2/mm. Results suggest that it is unlikely that extended drought will benefit E. lehmanniana over B. eriopoda and both species may decline under extreme drought.
Effects of Catalysis and Separator Functionalization on High‐Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: A Complete Review
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Kashif , Jamil Sidra , Hussain Shahid , Xu Maowen
Published: April 2022

Lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1), rich sulfur resources, low production cost, and friendly environment, which makes it one of the most promising next‐generation rechargeable energy storage devices. However, the “shuttle effect” of polysulfide results in the passivation of metal lithium anode, the decrease of battery capacity and coulombic efficiency, and the deterioration of cycle stability. To realize the commercialization of Li‐S batteries, its serious “shuttle effect” needs to be suppress. The commercial separators are ineffective to suppress this effect because of its large pore size. Therefore, it is an effective strategy to modify the separator surface and introduce functional modified layer. In addition to the blocking strategy, the catalysis of polysulfide conversion reaction is also an important factor hindering the migration of polysulfides. In this review, the principles of separator modification, functionalization, and catalysis in Li‐S batteries are reviewed. Furthermore, the research trend of separator functionalization and polysulfide catalysis in the future is prospected.
Low mechano‐energetic efficiency is associated with future left ventricular systolic dysfunction in hypertensives
Authors: Manzi Maria V. , Mancusi Costantino , Lembo Maria , Esposito Giovanni , Rao Maria A.E. , de Simone Giovanni , Morisco Carmine , Trimarco Valentina , Izzo Raffaele , Trimarco Bruno
Published: April 2022

Aims

In a hypertensive population with optimal blood pressure control with a long‐term follow‐up, we aimed at analysing possible predictors of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction, including indexed mechano‐energetic efficiency (MEEi), a well‐recognized echo‐derived parameter of LV performance.

Methods and results

The study population included 5673 hypertensive patients from the Campania Salute Network with a long‐term follow‐up, normal baseline LVEF (≥50%), and no prevalent cardiovascular (CV) disease. Patients developing LVEF impairment (LVEF < 50% or a reduction of at least 10 percentage points compared with baseline) were compared with patients with persistently normal LVEF. Optimal blood pressure control was achieved in about 80% of patients. Patients who experienced LVEF reduction were 2.41% during a long‐term follow‐up (mean duration 5.6 ± 3.9 years). At baseline, they were older (59.46 ± 11.58 vs. 53.40 ± 11.41, P < 0.0001) and showed higher LV mass index (53.3 ± 12.83 vs. 47.56 ± 9.58, P < 0.0001), left atrial (LA) volume index (14.4 ± 4.2 vs. 13.1 ± 2.8, P < 0.0001) and carotid intima–media thickness (1.99 ± 0.86 vs. 1.61 ± 0.73, P < 0.0001), lower MEEi (0.32 ± 0.08 vs. 0.34 ± 0.07, P = 0.037), and higher prevalence of CV events during follow‐up (13.9% vs. 3%, P < 0.0001) compared with patients with persistently normal LVEF. A logistic regression analysis, performed after running univariate analyses and selecting parameters significantly associated with LVEF reduction, showed that having a CV event [odds ratio (OR) 7.57, P < 0.0001], being in the lowest MEEi quartile (OR 2.43, P = 0.003), and having a larger LA volume index (OR 1.08, P = 0.028) were all parameters independently associated with the development of LV systolic dysfunction. A further logistic regression model, performed by excluding patients experiencing CV events, demonstrated that the lowest MEEi quartile was independently associated with the evolution towards LVEF reduction (OR 2.35, P = 0.004), despite significant impact of LA volume index (OR 1.08, P = 0.023) and antiplatelet therapy (OR 1.89, P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the model including MEEi had higher accuracy than the model without MEEi in predicting LVEF reduction (areas under the curve 0.68 vs. 0.63, P = 0.046).

Conclusions

Lower values of MEEi at baseline identify hypertensive patients more liable to develop LVEF reduction. In hypertensive setting, MEEi evaluation improves risk stratification for development of LV systolic dysfunction during long‐term follow‐up.