bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: Reduced Adenosine-to-Inosine Editing of Endogenous Alu RNAs in Severe COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Crooke Philip S. , Tossberg John T. , Porter Krislyn P. , Aune Thomas M.
Published: March 2021

Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with elevated inflammatory responses. One form of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in ADAR results in reduced adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of endogenous dsRNAs, induction of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes, other inflammatory mediators, morbidity, and mortality. Alu elements, ∼10% of the human genome, are the most common A-to-I–editing sites. Using leukocyte whole-genome RNA-sequencing data, we found reduced A-to-I editing of Alu dsRNAs in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Dendritic cells infected with COVID-19 also exhibit reduced A-to-I editing of Alu dsRNAs. Unedited Alu dsRNAs, but not edited Alu dsRNAs, are potent inducers of IRF and NF-κB transcriptional responses, IL6, IL8, and IFN-stimulated genes. Thus, decreased A-to-I editing that may lead to accumulation of unedited Alu dsRNAs and increased inflammatory responses is associated with severe COVID-19 disease.
Discover Canada's Watersheds
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2021

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a map depicting the 5 main watersheds in Canada. Building Canadian Water Connections initiative and the Canadian Wildlife Federation have collaborated to produce this map that promotes the importance of
watersheds through education. Canada's five ocean watersheds are colour-coded on the map: Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Each of these five massive landscapes contains a hierarchy of watersheds. This map depicts 594 watersheds, most of which are connected
and ultimately flow into an ocean.
Der boreale Nadelwald
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2021

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a German translation of a poster map, MCR 1402, entitled ""The Boreal Forest"". The original map was published in 1996, whereas the German version dates from 1997. The front side of both maps is dominated
by a large map of Canada showing the extent of the boreal forest. This map is surrounded by extensive texts and graphics describing its size and extent.
Canada's Land Cover
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2021

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster showing the different types of land cover across the Country. The map is primarily based on AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data, offering very precise detail. The land cover
image contains 31 land cover classes. These have been grouped into 9 large land cover classes from coniferous forest to snow and ice. There are photos showing visually what each of these 9 land cover areas look like.
The World
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the World in the Robinson Projection (with central meridian at 0° W.).
The World with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the World in the Robinson Projection (with central meridian at 0° W). The map shows names for continents and oceans.
Maritime Provinces with Names
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundaries, coastline and major lakes and rivers of the Maritime provinces with the names for major political and geographical features.
Maritime Provinces
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the boundaries, coastline and major lakes and rivers of the Maritime provinces.
Coastline and Boundaries of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map without names which shows only Canadas coastline and boundaries.
Place Locations and Names of Canada
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

An outline map showing the coastline, boundaries and major lakes and rivers for Canada and nearby countries. Also shown are the locations and names of capital cities and selected populated places in Canada.
Manitoba Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Manitoba showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map Canada-Relief, Fifth
Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
Alberta Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Alberta showing elevation by hypsometric tints (a gradation of different colours), and spot elevations. Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend. The elevation data were derived from the map Canada-Relief, Fifth
Edition, National Atlas of Canada published in 1986.
South America
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of South America shows national boundaries, country names and oceans.
North America
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of North America shows national boundaries, country names and oceans.
Yukon
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A political map of Yukon showing boundaries, the territorial capital, selected populated places with names, selected drainage with names and selected roads.
Relief
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A relief map of Canada showing elevation by hypsometric tints,(a gradation of different colours). Major lakes are also shown. Elevation ranges are included in the map legend.
New Brunswick
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

A political map of New Brunswick showing boundaries, the provincial capital, selected populated places with names, selected drainage with names and selected roads.
North Circumpolar Region
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of the North Circumpolar Region shows national
Drainage basins
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This map shows the five ocean drainage areas in Canada, the major river basins, the internal drainage areas and the diverted drainage areas. A drainage basin, sometimes called a watershed, is an area where all surface water shares the same drainage outlet.
Surface water consists of the tiny trickles of water flowing on the surface of the earth that develop into larger streams and eventually combine to form a river. The boundary of a watershed is called a drainage divide.
The European Union (EU)
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This political map of Europe shows the European Union (EU), its member and candidate countries; and Euro currency participants.
The Francophonie
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

This world map shows the member and observer countries of the International Organization of The Francophonie.
Red River Drainage Basin
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

Originating in the United States and flowing north to Lake Winnipeg, the Red River has a long history of flooding. This map depicts the greater portion of the Red River drainage basin including that of the Assiniboine River to the point at which the rivers meet
in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Snow Depth
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

Over southern Canada maximum snow depth usually occurs in January or February, while the time of maximum accumulation occurs much later in mountain areas and in the Arctic. The main features of the map are the pronounced maximum in snow accumulation over the
western Cordillera (British Columbia and Yukon), where snow depths can exceed several metres, with a secondary maximum over Quebec and Labrador. These maxima are related to their proximity to oceans, which acts as sources of moisture and winter storms, and to the orographic effect of the mountains
in the case of western Canada. The two maxima are linked by a band of higher snow accumulation that follows the boreal forest zone; this is a preferred track for winter storms. To the north of this zone is the relatively shallow snow cover of the Arctic (low snowfall with extensive wind packing). To
the south, the depth of snow is limited by the shorter accumulation season and the substantial sublimation of snow over the Canadian Prairies. An inset map
Time Zones
Authors:   Geomatics Canada
Published: March 2021

There are six time zones in Canada. From west to east the main time zones are: Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern and Atlantic. The island of Newfoundland observes a sixth time: it decided to set its clock at the halfway point of its time zone or 3 hours and 30
minutes behind Greenwich time instead of four hours (which would be Atlantic time). Finally, many parts of the country do not observe the official hour, choosing instead to adopt the time in a neighbouring zone in order to facilitate trade between adjacent regions. This is particularly common in
eastern British Columbia which often uses Mountain time rather than the Pacific time of the rest of the province.
Tactile Maps of Canada, British Columbia
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is British Columbia. Tactile map scale. 1.8 centimetres = 100 kilometres North arrow pointing to the top of the page. Borders of the province of British Columbia, shown as dashed and solid lines. The Pacific Ocean, shown with a wavy symbol to
indicate water. A circle and the city name to show the location of Prince George and Vancouver. A filled star and the city name to show the location the capital of the province, Victoria. Text labels for the Pacific Ocean and Fraser River. The word lake is abbreviated as L. The abbreviation "AB" to
indicate the province of Alberta. The abbreviation "YT" to indicate the Yukon Territory. The abbreviation "NT" to indicate the Northwest Territories. The abbreviation "USA" to indicate the neighbouring country, The United States of America. The abbreviation "AK" to indicate the State of Alaska.
Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the
provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired
persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada,
showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Saskatchewan
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Saskatchewan. Tactile map scale. 1.8 centimetres = 100 kilometres North arrow pointing to the top of the page. Borders of the province of Saskatchewan, shown as dashed and solid lines. Lake Athabasca and Reindeer Lake, shown with a wavy symbol to
indicate water. A circle and the city name to show the location of Saskatoon. A filled star and the city name to show the location of Regina. Text labels for Lake Athabasca, Reindeer Lake and Saskatchewan River. The word lake is abbreviated as L and the word river is abbreviated to R. The
abbreviation "AB" to indicate the province of Alberta. The abbreviation "MB" to indicate the province of Manitoba. The abbreviation "NT" to indicate the Northwest Territories. The abbreviation "USA" to indicate the neighbouring country, the United States of America. Tactile maps are designed with
Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing
political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in
major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets
in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Prince George
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Prince George. Tactile map scale. 1.7 centimetres = 2 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Prince George general area. Text labels for Nechako River and Fraser River. The word river is abbreviated to R. Main roads, route 97 and route 16.
Railroad. Train Station. Bus terminal. Airport. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including
the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps
for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning
travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Vancouver
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Vancouver. Tactile map scale. 4.4 centimetres = 5 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Vancouver and surrounding area. The Strait of Georgia, Burrard Inlet, and the Fraser River are shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Main roads,
routes 1, 1A, and 99. A circle with a cross through it and with a smaller circle covering the centre of the cross indicates Pacific Central Station, the combined bus and train station. A circle with the shape of an airplane in it indicates the Vancouver International Airport located on an island
south of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada
(maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually
impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in
Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Churchill
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Churchill. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Churchill is outlined with a symbol of a square box as there isn't any built-up area large enough to show. The surrounding area is also shown. Hudson
Bay and the Churchill River are shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. There are two main roads with no route number. A circle with the shape of an airplane in it to indicate an airport to the southeast of the city. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for
visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major
cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about
streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown
area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Winnipeg
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Winnipeg. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 2 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Winnipeg and surrounding area. Main roads, route 1 and 100. Red River. Airport. Bus station. Train terminal. Railroad. Tactile maps are designed with
Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing
political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in
major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets
in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Toronto-Union
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Toronto-Union. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. A portion of Toronto Harbour is located at the lower right and shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Railway lines represented by a line with
cross hashes are shown leading to Union Station. The points of interest in the downtown area of Toronto around Union Station are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are labelled with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled.
Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the
provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired
persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada,
showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Charlottetown
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Charlottetown. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. Charlottetown downtown detail is coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the
PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Northumberland Strait is located in the south and southeast shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada
collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing
climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the
downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Old Montréal
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Old Montréal. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. The details of the downtown area of Old Montréal are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type
and Braille expanded in the PDF file. Secondary streets are not labelled. The details of the downtown area of Old Montréal are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF file. The harbour area is located at the right. The wavy symbol indicates water. A railway line represented by a line
with cross hashes is shown passing along the harbour area. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada,
including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation).
(b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in
planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Regina
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Regina. Tactile map scale. 2.0 centimetres = 100 metres North arrow pointing to the north. Regina downtown detail is coded with type and Braille expanded on legends in the PDF file. Main streets are coded with type and Braille expanded in the PDF
file. Secondary streets are not labelled. Railroad. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada,
including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation).
(b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in
planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Saskatoon
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Saskatoon. Tactile map scale. 2 centimetres = 3 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Saskatoon and surrounding area. The South Saskatchwan River is shown with a wavy symbol to indicate water. Main roads, routes. 7, 11, 14, 16, 41. A
circle with a dot in the middle to indicate a bus station is located in the north of the city. A circle with the shape of an airplane indicates an airport located northwest of the city. A circle with a cross indicates a Via Rail station located southwest of the city. A railway line is shown going
through the train station. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of
Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help
visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new
destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Forest Types
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Forest Types. Map scale. North arrow pointing to the north. Map projection is Hammer-Aitoff. Border of Canada. Great Lakes Border for each theme category within Canada. Neat line around the map. Each theme category is identified by a number that
corresponds to the legend. Legend is divided into six categories: West Coast forest, Montane forest, Taiga forest, Boreal forest, Mixed forest, No forest. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada
collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing
climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the
downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Tactile Maps of Canada, Relief of Canada
Authors:   Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation
Published: March 2021

The map title is Relief. Map scale. 2.8 centimetres = 500 kilometres North arrow pointing to the north. Map projection is Lambert Conformal Conic. Border of Canada. Great Lakes Border for each theme category within Canada. Neat line around the map. Each theme
category is identified by a number that corresponds to the legend. Legend is divided into four categories: 0-200 metres, 201-500 metres, 501-1000 metres, 1001-5000 metres. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile
Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps
showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route
in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.
Conducting online web-based surveys at the time of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Chandran Suhas , Somani Aditya
Published: March 2021

Web-based survey emerged as an important research methodology in the past two decades, its use further increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Need for quick data collection and information processing during coronavirus outbreak and stringent conditions of social distancing and lockdown significantly affected research culture. Several researchers turning toward safer, rapid, and reliable research methodology and adopting web-based surveys as a research tool, it is pertinent to be mindful of various technical and ethical aspects, effective use, and limitations of web-based surveys to uphold the standard of research work.
Fibroepithelial polyp
Authors: Vijayakumar Tharani , Vinoth P Krishna , Kiruthika D , Krishnaraj S , Kiruthika M , Vasanthi V
Published: March 2021

Chronic irritation to the mucosa manifests as reactive lesions or mucocele in pediatric population. Reactive lesions may range from developmental, inflammatory to neoplastic. Adverse oral habits such as lip biting and cheek biting also contribute to these types of oral lesions. We present a case of a 9-year-old pediatric patient who reported with the complaint of swelling in the right side of the lower lip and history of chronic lip biting. After intraoral examination, clinical diagnosis of mucocele was made. Following excision, the histopathological features were suggestive of fibroepithelial polyp. To avoid misdiagnosis, proper history, clinical and histopathological correlation is advisable to evade misdiagnosis and disparity between clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Assessment and comparison of toothpastes for pH and antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Shetty Pooja J. , Roshni R. S. , Gomes Leslie
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

One of the universally practiced oral hygiene measures is tooth brushing with toothpaste. Each toothpaste is composed of different ingredients. The extent of the antimicrobial activity of toothpastes against cariogenic bacteria is still unclear. Toothpaste with the correct pH will help to neutralize the acidic activity of the oral cavity. However, there are lack of studies to determine pH of different toothpastes.

Aim:

The aim is to assess and compare the commercially available toothpastes for pH and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and Methods:

Commercially available toothpastes composed of varying ingredients available in the local market were included in the study. The pH of the toothpastes was assessed using pH meter. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by making serial dilutions for each selected toothpastes in 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 ratio using distilled water. At different concentrations, the antimicrobial activity of the toothpastes against S. mutans was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The diameter of zones of inhibition (mm) was measured for assessing the antimicrobial activity.

Results:

The mean pH of toothpastes ranged from 7.262 ± 0.414 to 7.729 ± 0.534. All toothpastes showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in all four dilutions 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 software (IBM Corporation). - Analysis of Variance was used to analyze data.

Conclusion:

The present study showed that the pH of all the toothpastes are above that of critical pH. All the toothpastes had shown antimicrobial activity against S. mutans at varying dilutions.
Intraoral ductal papilloma of the lower lip in a 6-year-old patient
Authors: Swaathi R. , Sankari Uma , Swetha I. S. , Pokkali Tejasri , Murali Subitha , Nagarathinam A. E.
Published: March 2021

Ductal papilloma is a type of rare salivary gland tumor of minor salivary glands and commonly seen in the lower lip and buccal vestibule. Ductal papilloma usually presents in the form of three histopathological variants, namely sialedenoma papilliferum, intraductal papilloma, and inverted ductal papilloma. The etiopathogenesis of a ductal papilloma remains unclear, but some authors suggest the association with human papilloma virus. Diagnosis of intraoral ductal papilloma predominantly depends on the histopathological features; however, clinical differential may include benign lesions such as mucocele, lipoma, and fibroma. Considering the benign and nonaggressive nature of such tumors, histopathology alone is suitable for the diagnosis. However, immunohistochemistry may be used in cases of aggressive growth or in malignant counterpart. In this case report, we report the rare case of intraoral ductal papilloma of the lower lip mimicking a mucocele in a 6-year-old female patient.
Nutrient-use efficiency of Eucalyptus genotypes grown in Luvisol
Authors: Santos Kristiana Fiorentin dos , Queiroz Túlio Barroso , Ludvichak Aline Aparecida , Momolli Dione Richer , Garlet Claudinei , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Araújo Elias Frank de
Published: March 2021

Superior productivity of genotypes in forest plantations depends on the supply, capture and use-efficiency of resources. In this context, knowledge regarding the nutritional efficiency of Eucalyptus influences farmers and researchers in decision-making and in the management of forest ecosystems. The aim of this research was to estimate nutrient-use efficiency in Eucalyptus genotypes planted in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We evaluated six potential genotypes at 43-month-old stands. Nutrient-use efficiency was calculated using the ratio of biomass and the amount of nutrients for each component of the biomass. Results here presented confirmed that there is synergism and antagonism between nutrients at the shoot level in the Eucalyptus genotypes. For stemwood, E. saligna showed the best utilization efficiency of N, P, K, S, and Mn; and E. urophylla × E. globulus for Mg, B, and Zn. Metabolic pathways control the production of biomass synthesized by each genotype and the differences between genotypes groups were on the basis of their nutrient-use efficiency in the biomass components. Stemwood was the component that showed the highest nutrient-use efficiency, while leaves presented the lowest nutrient-use efficiency. Additionally, our analyses identified how different each Eucalyptus genotype is and these traits may be used for clone allocation according to soil fertility.
Предельное распределение числа нодальных областей для бильярда в форме прямоугольного равнобедренного треугольника
Authors: Jain Manan , Bamal Bhawana , Jain Sudhir Ranjan
Published: March 2021

Представлена функция вероятностного распределения числа областей постоянного знака для собственных функций бильярда в форме прямоугольного равнобедренного треугольника. Это первый явный результат для несепарабельного плоского многоугольного бильярда. Функция распределения имеет максимум при $2/\pi$ (как для интегрируемых бильярдов), а также при $2\sqrt{2}/\pi $. Единственные точные результаты в этом направлении, известные к настоящему времени, соответствуют интегрируемым бильярдам, которые являются сепарабельными.
Многокомпонентная иерархия Вольтерра дробного порядка и ее субиерархия с симметрией Вирасоро
Authors: Li Chuanzhong
Published: March 2021

С использованием гамильтоновых структур и симметрий тау-функций строится многокомпонентная иерархия Вольтерра дробного порядка как пример обобщенной интегрируемой системы. Для этой иерархии изучаются билинейное уравнение Хироты и симметрия Вирасоро. В качестве редукции многокомпонентной иерархии Вольтерра дробного порядка из коммутативной подалгебры построена $Z_N$-иерархия Вольтерра дробного порядка и ее симметрия Вирасоро.
Why Was Carthage Destroyed? A Re-Examination from an Economic Perspective
Authors: Akinboye Goke
Published: March 2021

The story of Rome’s destruction of the once buoyant maritime city of Carthage in 146 B.C. has been explained by many scholars, generally, in terms of the fear and security threats posed by Carthaginian naval authority and great trade across the Mediterranean. This kind of generalization leaves little room for other intrinsic causes of the destruction and plays down the core policies that characterized Roman imperialism in North Africa during the Republican times.Adopting the political economy approach, this paper, therefore, re-examines from the economic perspective, the principles and dynamics which underlined the international relations of Rome in Africa during the stirring times of the second and third Punic wars with a view to identifying the strong economic motives that led to the eventual annihilation of Carthage. The paper shows that Carthaginian Africa was a region of great economic potential in the western Mediterranean. It reveals that Rome was a typically imperialistic state which employed various divide et impera stratagems to exploit the rich agricultural resources of the region. The paper concludes that the crippling of Carthage was premised not just on the fear or jealousy of Carthage but more importantly on the Roman desire to exploit the North African vast territories, wealth and agricultural resources.
MEASURES TO IMPROVE LIFE INSURANCE PROFITABILITY IN INDIA
Authors: Satuluri Ramesh Kumar , Radhika Raavi
Published: March 2021

With ~32 crore policies in-force and over ~11000 branches across locations, Life Insurance Industry in India is the 10th largest across the globe in terms of premium contribution. India's share in Global Life Insurance Market was 2.73% during 2019. The life insurance industry is also one of the largest employers with both direct and indirect employment. Life Insurance penetration in India is at 2.82% and density at 58 USD, which is way below the global statistics. This gives immense opportunity for global players to venture into the Indian insurance market. With a proposal for an FDI hike to 74%, we are expecting many big players to enter the Indian market. However, the attractiveness of the industry not depends solely on the market opportunity but also on the bottom line, which is profitability. Indian Insurance Industry is one of the highly regulated markets across the globe and perceived to be the lowest profit-making insurance market. Hence, the need for the study to improve the profitability of life insurance companies in India through structural and policy measures.

JEL Classification Codes: G22, I13, O16, A10, E22, G10.
Association Rules in the measurement of air pollution in the city of Santiago de Chile
Authors: Caceres Santiago Zapata , Lopez Juan Torres
Published: March 2021

some time ago, the use of the computation was operating alone. In the 1970s there is a change in the mindset of companies and organizations. Are recognized continuously recorded data as the raw material that would lead position in the market. The needs changed, requires additional storage capacity, data processing, new tools to address the information available. One such tool is known as Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD). In this paper we shall describe the main difficulties encountered in the discovery process either inherent fears or make a change that arise in data from different data sources. Finally, we present a practical application using data from Air Quality in the city of Santiago de Chile from the years 2000-2012, recorded at different monitoring stations intended for this purpose, and seek to establish a relationship between materials PM10 and PM2.5 particulate concentrations for 24 hours.
Checklist of the flora of the vicinity of Balakliya (Kharkiv region, Ukraine): native and alien taxa, distribution of rare plants, new findings
Authors: Shynder Oleksandr , Negrash Julia
Published: March 2021

For the first time, information on the flora of the Siverskyi Donets basin in the vicinity of Balakliya town (Kharkiv region of Ukraine) was summarized based on the comprehensive analysis of published data, herbarium material, and own field examinations. Field surveys were conducted during September 2015 and March-July 2016. The surveyed areas were located mainly in the valleys of the Sіverskyi Donets river and some of its tributaries within the former Balakliуa district. The conspectus of flora comprising 933 taxa of vascular plants (including 798 recorded during field surveys) has been prepared. In particular, 739 taxa of native and 194 taxa of alien plants were recorded. The habitats of 14 species from the Red Book of Ukraine were found. The locations of other protected, uncommon and new for the flora of the region plant species were also identified. Several taxa (i.e., some of the calciphytes like Astragalus albicaulis, Linum czernjajevii, Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. cretacea, Scutellaria supina, and Silene supina) were found out of their previously known ranges. Newly established locations of some other species (e.g., Ephedra distachya, Onosma simplicissima, and Ornithogalum boucheanum) significantly complement previously known chorological data. Finally, information about new findings of such alien taxa actively expanding new areas as Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Sedum sexangulare, Ulmus pumila, and Vitis vulpina is provided.It has been established that the flora of the Siverskyi Donets basin in the vicinity of Balakliya town is a rich natural center of phytodiversity being under active adventisation. Forest reclamation plantations play a significant role in spreading the alien plants. Railway and the pine terrace of the Siverskyi Donets also serve the migration corridors for many of such alien plants.
Educação Ambiental e suas práticas como exercício da cidadania na Escola Básica
Authors: Silveira Iara Maria Soares Costa da , Ruas Túlio de Oliveira , Elias Nayara Ferreira
Published: March 2021

A Educação Ambiental é de suma importância para a sociedade, sobretudo no que diz respeito à sensibilização dos indivíduos em relação ao Meio no qual estão inseridos, visando sempre uma excelente qualidade de vida sem prejudicar o meio ambiente. Para tanto, essa abordagem no âmbito educacional deve ser implementada por meio da dialética e da interdisciplinaridade, com o intuito de estabelecer relações entre a utilização dos recursos naturais e o equilíbrio entre o homem e o meio ambiente. Sendo assim, este estudo analisou a importância da abordagem da Educação Ambiental na Educação Básica, tais como os desafios enfrentados por parte dos educadores na prática escolar para o efetivo exercício da cidadania. Entre os dificultadores observados a maior ênfase esteve voltada para a limitação dos recursos pedagógicos e financeiros, materiais metodológicos auxiliadores, escassez de capacitação de docentes para abordar as diversas particularidades e especificidades da temática, defasagens de conteúdos para as práticas interdisciplinares, resistência ao trabalho interdisciplinar e insegurança nas abordagens ambientais. Estes motivos reduzem os avanços no contexto escolar, uma vez que possuem grande responsabilidade na formação de cidadãos sensíveis e participativos, capazes de propagar conhecimentos e desenvolver ações positivas para a sociedade.
Improvement of management systems for the transportation process at the test site of the Northern Railway
Authors: Pokrovskaya O. D. , Rodneva E. S.
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that today at the test site of the Northern Railway, client-oriented priorities are being actively implemented and measures are being taken to attract new customers to the network, which will increase the share of highly profitable cargo and loading volumes in general, as well as the volume of cargo operations at stations.

An attempt was made to propose a change in technology and increase the throughput on the Solombalka – Karpogory section from five to ten pairs of trains per day, based on an assessment of the prospective volumes of work associated with the development of stations in the region and the operating costs associated with their operation.

The current state of cargo and commercial operations in the Arkhangelsk region of the Northern Railway was considered, and the prospects for the development of cargo operations were identified.

The subject of research is loading stations. The object of the study is the Arkhangelsk territorial administration of the Northern Railway — a branch of JSC Russian Railways.

Methods of system analysis, observation method, statistical method, forecasting and predictive modeling are applied.

A feasibility study for changing technology and increasing throughput on the Arkhangelsk city – Karpogory section has been carried out. The economic efficiency of the proposal has been confirmed. The research carried out is the result of a two-year interaction with the Northern Railway. The research elements have already been introduced at the Northern Railway test site.
Virtual reality as a didactic tool for the development of professional competencies
Authors: Golubeva O. P. , Shutov I. N.
Published: March 2021

Questions of development of secondary vocational education are raised. Digital technologies of the future require training for new generation workers. Digital competencies are required to work on the digital railway. Examples of the use of virtual reality in the system of technical training at the enterprises of railway transport are given. The formation of professional competencies among students is effective in a virtual educational environment. Describes the experience of the virtual laboratory of traffic control in a railway college. Examples and options for using high-tech equipment for training mid-level specialists are given. The features of the educational process during distance learning in the information environment are revealed. The perspective of education in the development of mentality and the preservation of the culture of learning generations is explained. An example of the variability of meta-subject assignment techniques is shown. The methods of constructing learning situations for a design solution in virtual reality are listed. Virtual reality in vocational education is considered from the point of view of enhancing the cognitive interest of students, conducting a demonstration exam on principles Worldskills. Indicator indicators of the development of professional competencies in the system of continuing professional education are proposed. In a first approximation, the problematic issues of organizing distance learning during self-isolation during the coronavirus pandemic are listed. The function of education is substantiated to ensure a prosperous future for humanity.