bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Schema for Cloud Systems Based on SSD Cache Technology
Authors: Liu Jinjiang , Lan Yihua , Liang Jingjing , Cheng Quanzhou , Hung Chih-Cheng , Yin Chao , Sun Jiadong
Published: October 2013

Traditional caching strategy is mainly based on the memory cache, taking read-write speed as its ultimate goal. However, with the emergence of SSD, the design ideas of traditional cache are no longer applicable. Considering the read-write characteristics and times limit of erasing, the characteristics of SSD are taken into account as far as possible at the same time of designing caching strategy. In this paper, the flexible and adaptive cache strategy based on SSD is proposed, called FAC, which gives full consideration to the characteristics of SSD itself, combines traditional caching strategy design ideas, and then maximizes the role SSD has played. The core mechanism is based on the dynamic adjustment capabilities of access patterns and the efficient selection algorithm of hot data. We have developed dynamical adjust section hot data algorithm, DASH in short, to adjust the read-write area capacity to suit the current usage scenario dynamically. The experimental results show that both read and write performance of caching strategy based on SSD have improved a lot, especially for read performance. Compared with traditional caching strategy, the technique can be used in engineering to reduce write times to SSD and prolong its service life without lowering read-write performance.
Quercetin Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Activation of HO-1 in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Rayamajhi Nabin , Kim Seul-Ki , Go Hiroe , Joe Yeonsoo , Callaway Zak , Kang Jae-Gu , Ryter Stefan W. , Chung Hun Taeg
Published: October 2013

The regeneration of mitochondria by regulated biogenesis plays an important homeostatic role in cells and tissues and furthermore may provide an adaptive mechanism in certain diseases such as sepsis. The heme oxygenase (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) system is an inducible cytoprotective mechanism in mammalian cells. Natural antioxidants can provide therapeutic benefit, in part, by inducing the HO-1/CO system. This study focused on the mechanism by which the natural antioxidant quercetin can induce mitochondrial biogenesis in HepG2 cells. We found that quercetin treatment induced expression of mitochondrial biogenesis activators (PGC-1α, NRF-1, TFAM), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and proteins (COX IV) in HepG2 cells. The HO inhibitor SnPP and the CO scavenger hemoglobin reversed the effects of quercetin on mitochondrial biogenesis in HepG2 cells. The stimulatory effects of quercetin on mitochondrial biogenesis could be recapitulatedin vivoin liver tissue and antagonized by SnPP. Finally, quercetin conferred an anti-inflammatory effect in the liver of mice treated with LPS and prevented impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis by LPSin vivo. These salutary effects of quercetinin vivowere also antagonized by SnPP. Thus, our results suggest that quercetin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis mainly via the HO-1/CO systemin vitroandin vivo. The beneficial effects of quercetin may provide a therapeutic basis in inflammatory diseases and sepsis.
The Influence of Oral Bacteria on Epithelial Cell MigrationIn Vitro
Authors: Laheij Alexa M. G. A. , de Soet Johannes J. , Veerman Enno C. I. , Bolscher Jan G. M. , van Loveren Cor
Published: October 2013

Oral ulcerations often arise as a side effect from chemo- and radiation therapy. In a previous clinical study,Porphyromonas gingivaliswas identified as a positive predictor for oral ulcerations after hematopoetic stem cell transplantation, possibly incriminatingP. gingivalisin delayed healing of the ulcerations. Therefore, it was tested whetherP. gingivalisand its secreted products could inhibit the migration of oral epithelial cells in anin vitroscratch assay. To compare, the oral bacteriaPrevotella nigrescens,Prevotella intermedia,Tannerella forsythia, andStreptococcus mitiswere included. A standardized scratch was made in a confluent layer of human oral epithelial cells. The epithelial cells were challenged with bacterial cells and with medium containing secretions of these bacteria. Closure of the scratch was measured after 17 h using a phase contrast microscope.P. gingivalis,P. nigrescens, and secretions ofP. gingivalisstrongly inhibited cell migration. A challenge with 1000 heat-killed bacteria versus 1 epithelial cell resulted in a relative closure of the scratch of 25% forP. gingivalisand 20% forP. nigrescens. Weaker inhibitory effects were found for the other bacteria. The results confirmed our hypothesis that the oral bacteria may be involved in delayed wound healing.
Forecasting Electrical Energy Consumption of Equipment Maintenance Using Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Jiang Xunlin , Ling Haifeng , Yan Jun , Li Bo , Li Zhao
Published: October 2013

Accurate forecasting of electrical energy consumption of equipment maintenance plays an important role in maintenance decision making and helps greatly in sustainable energy use. The paper presents an approach for forecasting electrical energy consumption of equipment maintenance based on artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). A multilayer forward ANN is used for modeling relationships between the input variables and the expected electrical energy consumption, and a new adaptive PSO algorithm is proposed for optimizing the parameters of the ANN. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach provides much better accuracies than some other competitive methods on the test data.
Projected Impacts of Bioenergy-Demand-Induced Land Use and Cover Changes on Regional Climate in Central Europe
Authors: Yin Fang , Xiong Yihui , Jiang Li , Pang Zhiguo
Published: October 2013

Energy shortfalls are becoming more and more serious all over the world, and worldwide governments have tried to promote the development of biofuels in order to mitigate the climatic impacts of massive fossil fuel consumption. Since the land is the main input factor of the bioenergy production, the development of biofuels will inevitably lead to change of the land use structure and allocation and thereby affect the climate system. With Central Europe as the study area, this study explored the impacts of land use/land cover change (LUCC) on climate under the influence of demand of bioenergy production for land resources. First, the land use structure from 2010 to 2050 is simulated with the Agriculture and Land Use model in MiniCam. The result indicates that the main conversion will be mainly from grassland and forest to cropland and from cropland to grassland. Then the Dynamics of Land System model was used to spatially simulate the LUCC in the future. The impacts of LUCC on the climate were analyzed on the basis of simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The climate change will be characterized by the increase of latent heat flux and temperature and the decrease of precipitation.
Evaluation Effects of the Short- and Long-Term Freeze-Thaw Exposure on the Axial Behavior of Concrete-Filled Glass Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer Tubes
Authors: El-Zefzafy Hend , Mohamed Hamdy M. , Masmoudi Radhouane
Published: October 2013

Previous studies have demonstrated the high performance of the concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) as a stay-in-place formwork and confining material for concrete structures. However, there are several concerns related to the behavior of CFFT as a protective jacket against harsh environmental effects. The environmental effects such as freeze-thaw cycles and deicing salt solutions may affect materials properties, which may affect the structural response of CFFT members as well. This paper presents the test results of experimental investigation on the durability of short- and long-term behaviors of CFFT members. Test variables included the effect of confining using GFRP tubes, freeze-thaw cycles exposure in salt water, and the number of freeze-thaw cycles. CFFT cylinders (150 × 300 mm) were prepared and exposed to 100 and 300 freeze-thaw cycles in salt water condition. Then, pure axial compression tests were conducted in order to evaluate the performance of specimens due to freeze-thaw exposure, by comparing the stress-strain behavior and their ultimate load capacities. Test results indicated that the confinement using CFFT technique significantly protected the concrete when subjected to freeze-thaw exposure.
Are Breast Cancer Molecular Classes Predictive of Survival in Patients with Long Follow-Up?
Authors: Pracella Danae , Bonin Serena , Barbazza Renzo , Sapino Anna , Castellano Isabella , Sulfaro Sandro , Stanta Giorgio
Published: October 2013

In this study we investigate the clinical outcomes of 305 breast cancer (BC) patients, aged 55 years or younger, with long follow-up and according to intrinsic subtypes. The cohort included 151 lymph node negative (LN−) and 154 lymph node positive (LN+) patients. Luminal A tumors were mainly LN−, well differentiated, and of stage I; among them AR was an indicator of good prognosis. Luminal B and HER2 positive nonluminal cancers showed higher tumor grade and nodal metastases as well as higher proliferation status and stage. Among luminal tumors, those PR positive and vimentin negative showed a longer survival. HER2-positive nonluminal and TN patients showed a poorer outcome, with BC-specific death mostly occurring within 5 and 10 years. Only luminal tumor patients underwent BC death over 10 years. When patients were divided in to LN− and LN+ no differences in survival were observed in the luminal subgroups. LN− patients have good survival even after 20 years of follow-up (about 75%), while for LN+ patients survival at 20 years (around 40%) was comparable to HER2-positive nonluminal and TN groups. In conclusion, in our experience ER-positive breast tumors are better divided by classical clinical stage than molecular classification, and they need longer clinical follow-up especially in cases with lymph node involvement.
Status of Coral Reef Communities on Two Carbonate Platforms (Tun Sakaran Marine Park, East Sabah, Malaysia)
Authors: Montagne A. , Naim O. , Tourrand C. , Pierson B. , Menier D.
Published: October 2013

This study concerns three sites, located on carbonate platforms, east Sabah: Gaya West, Gaya East, and Mantabuan. At each site, the dominant coral shapes and their health were recorded (lagoons and outer slopes). Densities of echinoderms, Tridacna, and nudibranchs were recorded while fish density was estimated. Generally, the coral vitality is low (≤50% living corals). Massive corals dominate all sites, except the Gaya West-outer slope where coral coverage and diversity are the highest. On the Mantabuan-mesh reef, a diverse Acropora assemblage dominates the landscape. On the reef flat of Gaya East, monospecific circa 10 meter coral patches occur. Primary producers are scarce on all sites. Sea urchins, dominated by Diadema, are abundant on the Gaya East-reef flat and the Gaya West-mesh reef. Sea stars and holothurids are the most prevalent in Gaya West-outer slope, although they remain scarce. Crinoids are only abundant in Mantabuan. Stegastes damselfish highly characterizes the sites of Gaya East (reef flat and inner slope) and the Mantabuan-mesh reef. On the Mantabuan-outer slope, parrotfish and other fishes are plentiful. No sign of eutrophication has been detected and natural hypersedimentation and/or eventual ancient bleaching events appear to be the direct principal causes of coral death or coral degradation.
Reversible Data Hiding Scheme with High Embedding Capacity Using Semi-Indicator-Free Strategy
Authors: Lee Jiann-Der , Chiou Yaw-Hwang , Guo Jing-Ming
Published: October 2013

A novel reversible data-hiding scheme is proposed to embed secret data into a side-matched-vector-quantization- (SMVQ-) compressed image and achieve lossless reconstruction of a vector-quantization- (VQ-) compressed image. The rather random distributed histogram of a VQ-compressed image can be relocated to locations close to zero by SMVQ prediction. With this strategy, fewer bits can be utilized to encode SMVQ indices with very small values. Moreover, no indicator is required to encode these indices, which yields extrahiding space to hide secret data. Hence, high embedding capacity and low bit rate scenarios are deposited. More specifically, in terms of the embedding rate, the bit rate, and the embedding capacity, experimental results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to those of the former data hiding schemes for VQ-based, VQ/SMVQ-based, and search-order-coding- (SOC-) based compressed images.
Simulated Effects of Cropland Expansion on Summer Climate in Eastern China in the Last Three Centuries
Authors: Ge Quansheng , Zheng Jingyun , Zhang Xuezhen , He Fanneng
Published: October 2013

To understand the effects of the land use/cover changes due to agricultural development on summer climate in Eastern China, four 12-year simulations using the WRF-SSiB model were performed. We found that agricultural development resulted in warming and rainy effects. In the middle to lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, the warming effects were approximately 0.6°C and resulted from increased surface net radiation and sensible heat fluxes. In Northeast China, the warming effects were very small due to increases in latent heat fluxes which resulted from the extensive conversion from grassland to cropland. The rainy effect resulted from increases in convective rainfall, which was associated with a warming surface in certain areas of the Yellow River and Yangtze River and a large increase in the surface moisture flux in Northeast China. Conversely, in the middle to lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, the grid-scale rainfall decreased because the climatological northward wind, which is moist and warm, was partially offset by a southward wind anomaly. These findings suggest that the agricultural development left footprints not only on the present climate but also on the historical climate changes before the industrial revolution.
The Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in IPF Prognosis
Authors: Triantafillidou Christina , Manali Effrosyni , Lyberopoulos Panagiotis , Kolilekas Likourgos , Kagouridis Konstantinos , Gyftopoulos Sotirios , Vougas Konstantinos , Kotanidou Anastasia , Alchanatis Manos , Karakatsani Anna , Papiris Spyros A.
Published: October 2013

Background. In IPF, defects in lung mechanics and gas exchange manifest with exercise limitation due to dyspnea, the most prominent and disabling symptom.Aim. To evaluate the role of exercise testing through the 6MWT (6-minute walk test) and CPET (cardiopulmonary exercise testing) in the survival of patients with IPF.Methods. This is a prospective, observational study evaluating in 25 patients the relationship between exercise variables through both the 6MWT and CPET and survival.Results. By the end of the observational period 17 patients were alive (33% mortality). Observation ranged from 9 to 64 months. VE/VCO2slope (slope of relation between minute ventilation and CO2production), VO2peak/kg (peak oxygen consumption/kg), VE/VCO2ratio at anaerobic threshold, 6MWT distance, desaturation, and DLCO% were significant predictors of survival while VE/VCO2slope and VO2peak/kg had the strongest correlation with outcome. The optimal model for mortality risk estimation was VO2peak/kg + DLCO% combined. Furthermore, VE/VCO2slope and VO2peak/kg were correlated with distance and desaturation during the 6MWT.Conclusion. The integration of oxygen consumption and diffusing capacity proved to be a reliable predictor of survival because both variables reflect major underlying physiologic determinants of exercise limitation.
Enhancing Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31-MWCNT Nanocomposites through Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Jayakumar J. , Raghunath B. K. , Rao T. H.
Published: October 2013

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced Mg alloy AZ31 nanocomposites were fabricated by mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy technique. The reinforcement material MWCNTs were blended in three weight fractions (0.33%, 0.66%, and 1%) with the matrix material AZ31 (Al-3%, zinc-1% rest Mg) and blended through mechanical alloying using a high energy planetary ball mill. Specimens of monolithic AZ31 and AZ31-MWCNT composites were fabricated through powder metallurgy technique. The microstructure, density, hardness, porosity, ductility, and tensile properties of monolithic AZ31 and AZ31-MWCNT nano composites were characterized and compared. The characterization reveals significant reduction in CNT (carbon nanoTube) agglomeration and enhancement in microstructure and mechanical properties due to mechanical alloying through ball milling.
Classification of Hospital Web Security Efficiency Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Kao Han-Ying , Chang Tao-Ku , Chang Yi-Cheng
Published: October 2013

This study proposes the hybrid data envelopment analysis (DEA) and support vector machine (SVM) approaches for efficiency estimation and classification in web security. In the proposed framework, the factors and efficiency scores from DEA models are integrated with SVM for learning patterns of web security performance and provide further decision support. The numerical case study of hospital web security efficiency is demonstrated to support the feasibility of this design.
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Disorder
Authors: Panigrahi Rajat G. , Panigrahi Antarmayee , Vijayakumar Poornima , Choudhury Priyadarshini , Bhuyan Sanat K. , Bhuyan Ruchi , Maragathavalli G. , Pati Abhishek Ranjan
Published: October 2013

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare pediatric genetic syndrome with incidence of one per eight million live births. The disorder is characterised by premature aging, generally leading to death at approximately 13.4 years of age. This is a follow-up study of a 9-year-old male with clinical and radiographic features highly suggestive of HGPS and presented here with description of differential diagnosis and dental consideration. This is the first case report of HGPS which showed pectus carinatum structure of chest.
Phytoremediation of Lead Polluted Soil byGlycine maxL.
Authors: Aransiola Sesan Abiodun , Ijah Udeme Joshua Josiah , Abioye Olabisi Peter
Published: October 2013

A study was designed to assess the phytoextraction potential ofGlycine maxL. for lead (Pb). Pots experiment was conducted. Viable seeds were planted in 5 kg of soil placed in each plastic pot having 0 ppm (control), 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm of Pb respectively. The study was carried out for a period of 12 weeks under natural conditions. Physicochemical properties of the soil were determined using standard methods. The results revealed that pH, phosphorous and moisture contents increased while nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased in polluted soil remediated withGlycine maxL. compared to the unpolluted soil. Leaf, stem, seeds and roots of the plant were analyzed for Pb uptake after 12 weeks. The plants mopped up substantial concentration of Pb in the above plant biomass of the seeds (4.2 mg/kg), stem (1.37 mg/kg) and leaves (3.37 mg/kg) compared to concentrations in the roots (1.53 mg/kg). The phytoextraction ability of the plant was assessed in terms of its bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). It was observed that the levels of Pb in the roots and shoots after 12 weeks showed that more bioavailable pool of Pb was translocated from the root to seeds, leaves and stem in that order. The results obtained suggest that the plant has phytoextraction ability and could be used in restoring soil polluted with Pb.
Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity
Authors: Canale Maria Paola , Manca di Villahermosa Simone , Martino Giuliana , Rovella Valentina , Noce Annalisa , De Lorenzo Antonino , Di Daniele Nicola
Published: October 2013

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has increased worldwide over the past few years. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity is a key mechanism leading to hypertension in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Sympathetic activation can be triggered by reflex mechanisms as arterial baroreceptor impairment, by metabolic factors as insulin resistance, and by dysregulated adipokine production and secretion from visceral fat with a mainly permissive role of leptin and antagonist role of adiponectin. Chronic sympathetic nervous system overactivity contributes to a further decline of insulin sensitivity and creates a vicious circle that may contribute to the development of hypertension and of the metabolic syndrome and favor cardiovascular and kidney disease. Selective renal denervation is an emerging area of interest in the clinical management of obesity-related hypertension. This review focuses on current understanding of some mechanisms through which sympathetic overactivity may be interlaced to the metabolic syndrome, with particular regard to the role of insulin resistance and of some adipokines.
Immobilization of DNA Aptamers on Polyester Cloth for Antigen Detection by Dot Blot Immunoenzymatic Assay (Aptablot)
Authors: Smiley Sally , DeRosa Maria , Blais Burton
Published: October 2013

A simple dot blot immunoenzymatic assay system was developed using polyester cloth coated with an oligo-DNA aptamer to provide a high-affinity macroporous surface for the efficient capture of a model protein analyte (thrombin) in complex sample matrices such as foods. Bound thrombin was detected immunoenzymatically using a peroxidase-linked antithrombin antibody and a chromogenic substrate. A unique feature of this approach, which we have termed “aptablot,” is the facile immobilization of DNA aptamers on the polyester surface by cross-linking with a brief exposure to ultraviolet light, and the simple assay format obviating the need for specialized instruments. The assay principle described herein should be broadly applicable to many situations where analytes must be detected in complex samples, with the main limiting factor being the availability of suitable DNA aptamers.
Parametric Approach to Trajectory Tracking Control of Robot Manipulators
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Ning Yi
Published: October 2013

The mathematic description of the trajectory of robot manipulators with the optimal trajectory tracking problem is formulated as an optimal control problem, and a parametric approach is proposed for the optimal trajectory tracking control problem. The optimal control problem is first solved as an open loop optimal control problem by using a time scaling transform and the control parameterization method. Then, by virtue of the relationship between the optimal open loop control and the optimal closed loop control along the optimal trajectory, a practical method is presented to calculate an approximate optimal feedback gain matrix, without having to solve an optimal control problem involving the complex Riccati-like matrix differential equation coupled with the original system dynamics. Simulation results of 2-link robot manipulator are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Inflammation and Macular Oedema after Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Romano Vito , Angi Martina , Scotti Fabrizio , del Grosso Renata , Romano Davide , Semeraro Francesco , Vinciguerra Paolo , Costagliola Ciro , Romano Mario R.
Published: October 2013

Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is a major cause of reduced vision following intraocular surgery. Although the aetiology of CMO is not completely clarified, intraocular inflammation is known to play a major role in its development. The macula may develop cytotoxic oedema when the primary lesion and fluid accumulation occur in the parenchymatous cells (intracellular oedema) or vasogenic oedema when the primary defect occurs in the blood-retinal barrier and leads to extracellular fluid accumulation (extracellular oedema). We report on the mechanisms of CMO formation after pars plana vitrectomy and associated surgical procedures and discuss possible therapeutic approaches.
Association between −308 G/A TNF-αPolymorphism and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index as a Marker of Sarcopenia in Normal Weight Obese Syndrome
Authors: Di Renzo L. , Sarlo F. , Petramala L. , Iacopino L. , Monteleone G. , Colica C. , De Lorenzo A.
Published: October 2013

Background and Aim. Normal weight obese (NWO) syndrome is characterized by normal body mass index (BMI), but high amount of fat mass and reduced lean mass. We evaluated allelic frequency of the G/A −308 TNF-αpolymorphism and prevalence of sarcopenia in NWO.Methods. We enrolled 120 Italian healthy women, distinguished into 3 groups: normal weight (NW); NWO, and preobese-obese (PreOB/OB) and evaluated anthropometric parameters, body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry, blood tests, and genotyping of G/A −308 TNF-αpolymorphism.Results. We found a positive association between sarcopenic obesity and −308 TNF-αpolymorphism. All obese women were sarcopenic and were no carrier of mutation (G/G). Among all G/G, NWO showed significant differences in lean mass and total body lean mass (TBLean) with respect to NW and PreOB/OB (P<0.001). Regarding appendicular skeletal muscle mass index values, 4.21% of NW were sarcopenic (50% G/G and 50% G/A); the same percentage was observed in NWO subjects (100% G/G). Moreover, 2.10% of PreOB/OB were sarcopenic and all were G/G.Conclusion. Our study suggests that TNF-αpolymorphism contributes to sarcopenic obesity susceptibility, in association with body composition. This is the first study that shows the importance of TNF-αpolymorphism to determine TBLean variation in NWO syndrome.
The Surface Molecular Signature of Leukemic Cells Is Associated with NPM1 Mutations and FLT3-ITD in Patients with de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Su Long , Gao Su-Jun , Li Wei , Tan Ye-Hui , Cui Jiu-Wei , Han Wei
Published: October 2013

Certain molecular mutations are associated with signs of cell morphology and differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, only limited data are available for the detailed analysis of such correlations. In this study, AML patients were classified into 4 subsets according to CD34, HLA-DR and CD11c expression levels. Significantly low CD34 antigen expression was observed in nucleophosmin (NPM1)-mutated patients and in those with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). No correlations were observed among NPM1 mutations, FLT3-ITD and monocytic morphology in patients without CD34 expression. Both NPM1 mutations and FLT3-ITD were absent in cluster IIb patients (CD34+CD11c-). The associations among NPM1 mutations, FLT3-ITD and the surface molecular signature of leukemic cells may offer beneficial information about the pathogenesis of AML.
Regulation of Autophagy by LRRK2 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Saha Shamol , Liu-Yesucevitz Liqun , Wolozin Benjamin
Published: October 2013

Background: Mutations in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) are a common cause of familial Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanisms through which LRRK2 mutations contribute to neurodegeneration are poorly understood. Objective: We investigated the effects of WT, G2019S (GS), R1441C (RC) and kinase dead LRRK2 across multiple different cellular compartments in order to gain insight into the breadth of LRRK2 effects on cellular function. Methods: Nematodes expressing lgg-1::RFP, hsp1::GFP, hsp4::GFP and hsp6::GFP were crossed to nematode lines expressing WT, GS, RC or kinase dead LRRK2. Results: We observed that GS and RC LRRK2 inhibited autophagy, while WT, GS and RC LRRK2 increased the response of the mitochondrial hsp6 reporter to stress. The response of the hsp reporters under basal conditions was more nuanced. Conclusion: These results support a putative role of LRRK2 in the autophagic and mitochondrial systems.
Vasa Vasorum Enhancement on Computerized Tomographic Angiography Correlates With Symptomatic Patients With 50% to 70% Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Romero Javier M. , Pizzolato Raffaella , Atkinson Wendy , Meader Anna , Jaimes Camilo , Lamuraglia Glenn , Jaff Michael R. , Buonanno Ferdinando , Almandoz Josser Delgado , Gonzalez Ramon G.
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—

Significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an established stroke risk factor. Recent evidence suggests that features within the atherosclerotic plaque also have prognostic value. The purpose of this study was to correlate the enhancement of the vasa vasorum (VV) overlying the carotid artery plaque with acute neurological symptoms in patients with 50% to 70% ICA stenosis.

Methods—

We conducted a 4-year retrospective computerized tomographic angiographic review to identify patients with 50% to 70% stenosis of the ICA. Three types of plaques were identified: enhancing VV, calcified, and nonenhancing-noncalcified. Medical records were reviewed for cardiovascular risk factors and neurological status, and imaging was reviewed for signs of a recent stroke.

Results—

We identified a total of 428 patients with 50% to 70% ICA stenosis: 103 (24.1%) had enhancing VV, 202 (47.2%) calcified, and 123 (28.7%) nonenhancing-noncalcified arteries; 97 were symptomatic and 331 asymptomatic. Thirty-three (34%) symptomatic subjects demonstrated enhancing VV, 42 (20%) had calcified arterial plaques, and 22 (17%) had nonenhancing-noncalcified arterial plaques. Fisher exact tests revealed that the proportion of symptomatic individuals with enhancing VV plaque was double that of the other groups combined (
P
=0.015; odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–3.16). Regression analyses confirmed this association as independent from other known cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions—

In patients with 50% to 70% ICA stenosis, VV enhancement recognized on computed tomographic angiography is strongly associated with acute neurological symptoms compared with calcified and nonenhancing-noncalcified arterial plaques. This finding may aid in the identification of patients at increased risk for ischemic stroke within populations with the same degree of stenosis.
Shenahweum minutum (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea: Drepanosiphinae)—taxonomic position and description of sexuales
Authors: WIECZOREK KARINA , KANTURSKI MARIUSZ , JUNKIERT ŁUKASZ
Published: October 2013

The oviparous female and winged male of Shenahweum minutum (Davis) are described and illustrated in detail for the first time. Notes on distribution and host plants are presented as well as additional taxonomic data on the genus.
Acculturation Preferences of the Turkish Second Generation in 11 European Cities
Authors: Groenewold George , de Valk Helga A.G. , van Ginneken Jeroen
Published: October 2013

This article examines acculturation preferences of the Turkish second generation in 11 European cities and compares these with expectations of national society comparison group members. Multiple classification analysis (MCA) was used to examine the effects of city of residence, exposure to national society value system, cultural distance, social exclusion and neighbourhood quality on acculturation preferences. MCA was also applied to profile respondents according to background characteristics and dominant acculturation preference style, which is useful for both theory development and design of integration policies for specific target groups. Results show that the majority of the second generation maintain integration preferences, although sub-groups with particular background characteristics such as low educational attainment, experiencing discrimination and living in a low-quality neighbourhood, maintain separation or marginalisation preferences. Contextual factors, notably city of residence, the proxy for national integration policy orientation, seemed more important in explaining acculturation preferences than individual-level factors.
The Movement of Popular and Neighborhood Assemblies in the City of Buenos Aires, 2002–2011
Authors: Mauro Sebastián , Rossi Federico M.
Published: October 2013

The assembly movement of Buenos Aires was one of the main political actors that emerged with the social explosion of December 2001. It initially called for a complete renewal of the country’s elites, but it gradually divided into a sector that focused on neighborhood demands and a sector that adopted a national perspective. A detailed examination of a decade of development of two assemblies that are paradigmatic examples of the movement’s division show that they retained their political identities over time, with the result that the “neighborhood” assembly disbanded once the problems on which it had concentrated were considered resolved while the “popular” assembly continued to engage in cultural and political projects.

El movimiento asambleario de Buenos Aires fue uno de los más importantes actores políticos que emergió con la explosión social de diciembre de 2001. Inicialmente reclamaba la completa renovación de las elites, pero gradualmente fue dividiéndose en un sector que se enfocó en demandas barriales y otro sector que adoptó una perspectiva nacional. Un examen detallado de una década de desarrollo de dos asambleas que son consideradas ejemplos paradigmáticos de la división del movimiento muestra que ambas asambleas conservaron a través del tiempo sus identidades, con el resultado de que la asamblea “vecinal” se disolvió una vez que consideraron resueltos los problemas en los que se enfocaba, mientras que la asamblea “popular” continuó activamente involucrada en proyectos políticos y culturales.
Medial Reefing Without Lateral Release for Recurrent Patellar Instability
Authors: Boddula Madhav R. , Adamson Gregory J. , Pink Marilyn M.
Published: October 2013

Background:

There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for recurrent patellofemoral instability. Despite many different surgical procedures discussed in the literature, there are few studies with long-term outcomes.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to compare subjective and objective preoperative data from patients with recurrent patellar instability and normal alignment to midterm and long-term outcomes after an arthroscopically assisted medial reefing technique. The hypothesis was that the previously reported successful outcomes at 60 months would be well maintained over time.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 19 patients (20 knees) with recurrent patellar instability and normal bony anatomy underwent arthroscopically assisted medial reefing without lateral release. They were evaluated preoperatively and then at midterm (average, 63 months) and long-term (average, 142 months) follow-ups. Patients underwent a history assessment, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation. Outcomes evaluated included Lysholm and Tegner scores, subjective data, and examination and radiographic findings. Operative reports were reviewed for the presence of chondral lesions. Comparative statistics were utilized ( P < .05).

Results:

All patients were satisfied with their surgery results and would undergo the procedure again. There was 1 recurrent subluxation and no recurrent dislocations. Subjective symptom scores demonstrated significant improvement from preoperative to midterm and long-term follow-ups for pain, instability, and swelling. Both Lysholm and Tegner scores improved significantly from preoperative to midterm and long-term follow-ups. At long-term follow-up, 70% of the patients reported excellent or good results, 5 patients reported fair results, and 1 patient reported a poor result. However, Tegner activity scores decreased significantly from midterm to long-term follow-ups. Significant improvement from preoperative to midterm and long-term follow-ups was demonstrated in physical examination findings including decreases in patellar apprehension and patellar quadrant glide; however, there was no significant difference in retropatellar pain or range of motion. For radiographic measurements, the lateral patellofemoral angle was significantly improved from preoperative to midterm and long-term follow-ups. At long-term radiographic analysis, 5 knees (25%) had narrowing of the patellofemoral joint space, 10 knees (50%) revealed patellofemoral osteophytes, and 7 knees (35%) demonstrated a medial ossicle. The presence of preoperative chondral lesions resulted in significantly lower Lysholm and Tegner scores and increased findings of osteoarthritis at long-term follow-up.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopically assisted medial reefing, without lateral release, is an effective long-term treatment for patients with recurrent patellar instability and normal bony anatomy.
Immediate infection control measures and preventive monitoring after excessive water damage in an aseptic working area of a blood donation service centre
Authors: Kramer Axel , Assadian Ojan , Ryll Sylvia , Selleng Kathleen , Below Harald
Published: October 2013

Two weeks after repair of a shower drain, an unnoticed leak resulted in large-scale water penetration into the blood product fractionation room. Both 120 m2 of floor and 10 m2 of wall were heavily soaked. Such a situation usually required the immediate interruption of manufacturing, and start of maintenance work. However, as this service provides blood products for an university hospital, it was necessary to ensure the maintenance of good manufacturing practices and product safety by implementation of a bundle of preventive measures. For forced drying, the floor covering was completely removed, the drywalls were opened, and damp insulating material was removed. For 11 weeks, room air dryers were installed. Simultaneously, a moisture and microbiological monitoring and disinfection regime were implemented. In the leaked water, no faecal microbial pathogens or moulds were detected. Within three days the humidity was decreased from 72% to 31%. Because of the accelerated disinfection regime, the indoor air bacterial and fungal contamination was reduced below normal values; neither on working surfaces nor on manufacturing devices was critical microbial contamination detected at any time. Immediately implemented drying measures accompanying disinfection regimen and microbiological monitoring were able to restore safe indoor air quality and re-establish the aseptic quality.
A Prospective Experimental Study to Investigate the Peritoneal Adhesion Formation of Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) Versus a Novel Aerosol Plasma in a Rat Model
Authors: Kraemer Bernhard , Rothmund Ralf , Fischer Klaus , Scharpf Marcus , Smaxwil Luisa , Enderle Markus Dominik , Wallwiener Christian , Neugebauer Alexander
Published: October 2013

Background. This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded study to investigate peritoneal adhesion formation of standard argon plasma coagulation (APC) versus aerosol plasma coagulation in a rat model. Methods. Bilateral lesions were created on the abdominal wall of 16 female Wistar rats with standard and aerosol plasma coagulation APC energy in a standard fashion. After 10 days, the rats were killed humanely to evaluate the peritoneal trauma sites. Adhesion incidence, quantity, and quality were scored 10 days postoperatively and studied histopathologically. Results. Average energy intake was 97.7 ± 3.1 J for APC and 93.8 ± 4.2 J for aerosol plasma coagulation. Incidence of adhesion formation was 74.2% for standard APC and 16.1% for aerosol plasma coagulation ( P < .0001). Standard APC mainly results in dense adhesions. Histological evaluation revealed no significant difference with regard to the average depth of lesions created by APC and aerosol plasma coagulation ( P = 0.21) at day 10; both groups showed an identical morphology of necrosis and granulation tissue formation. Conclusions. This study compares adhesion formation of standard APC versus aerosol plasma coagulation in a rat model. Standard APC produced significantly more adhesions. Aerosol plasma coagulation creates fewer adhesions, which are of lower grade, which seems to be achieved mainly by improved peritoneal conditioning in this animal model.
Experimental study of phenomena and multiple reflections during inclined laser irradiating
Authors: Li S. , Chen G. , Katayama S. , Zhang Y.
Published: October 2013

The phenomena during inclined laser irradiating on the metal surface were investigated to imitate the behaviour on the front keyhole wall in deep penetration laser welding. The results revealed that the velocity of molten layer increased when the laser power density increased. The molten layer could be torn off to form droplets owing to the high evaporating pressure induced by the high power density laser. The heating efficiency of laser induced vapour plume was lower than that of the molten metal. In reflection experiments, only when the incident angle was 88°, the absorption of reflected laser was greater than that of the first incident laser. The concaved surface of molten layer had a great effect to the reflected laser. During multiple reflections, the considerable absorption of laser energy mainly happened in the first two times. The calculated data were closer to the actual conditions when the influence of polarisation variation was avoided.
Solidification cracking in laser GMA hybrid welding of thick-walled parts
Authors: Gebhardt M. O. , Gumenyuk A. , Rethmeier M.
Published: October 2013

Laser GMA hybrid welds, producing partial penetration, were conducted on stiff tubes made of S460NH. Experiments, using a design-of-experiments plan were conducted to examine the influence of the welding parameters on the occurrence of solidification cracks. Results say that cracks diminish, when high levels of arc power are applied, while their number increases with rising laser beam power. The weld velocity had no measurable impact.
Crucial role of beam spot position in laser assisted plasma arc welding
Authors: Mahrle A. , Rose S. , Beyer E. , Füssel U.
Published: October 2013

Recently, laser assisted plasma arc welding applying a coaxial arrangement of both heat sources has been developed. This process is now utilised to investigate the impact of beam spot positioning in relation to the arc axis. Arc shapes, arc voltage signals and weld seam geometries for arrangements with a leading and trailing laser beam are compared. The analysis clearly demonstrates the crucial role of small variations in beam spot positioning on the characteristics and the performance of laser assisted plasma arc welding. The results provide new insights into the most efficient driving mechanisms for synergistic effects in laser arc processing.
Microstructures and mechanical properties in laser beam welds of titanium matrix composites
Authors: Mao J. W. , Lu W. J. , Wang L. Q. , Qin J. N. , Zhang D.
Published: October 2013

Laser beam welding (LBW) was used to 2 mm thick titanium matrix composites (TMCs) sheets and microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of butt joints were studied. Welded joints without defects were obtained indicating that LBW is a suitable processing method for TMCs. The results reveal that the fusion zone completely consists of α′ martensite causing an increase of more 27% in hardness compared with that of base metal. The heat affected zone consists of a mixture of α′ martensite and primary α phases. Large gradients of microstructures and hardness are found over the narrow heat affected zone dependent on the β-transus temperature during weld cooling. TiBw with smaller sizes redistribute at grain boundaries in the weld. The joints show excellent strength and they can reach the full strength compared with the base metal with sound welding parameters, which is ascribed to the presence of α′ martensite and refinement of TiBw in the weld.
Refining carbide dimensions in AISI M2 high speed steel by increasing solidification rates and spheroidising heat treatment
Authors: Zhou X. F. , Fang F. , Jiang J. Q. , Zhu W. L. , Xu H. X.
Published: October 2013

Obtaining small and spherical carbides is crucial but difficult for high speed steels. The present work attempts to refine the carbide dimensions in M2 steel by the combination of changing eutectic carbide morphologies and spheroidising heat treatment. With increasing solidification rates, M2C eutectic carbides evolve from the plate-like shape into the fibrous one. The morphology of M2C changes remarkably during heating, the process of which includes carbide decomposition, dissolution, spheroidisation and coarsening. Compared with plate-like carbides, the fibrous carbides are much easier to decompose and spheroidise, obtaining small and spherical carbides. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the heating process were conducted to clarify the mechanisms of carbide refinement.
Differential scanning calorimetry study of constrained groove pressed low carbon steel: Recovery, recrystallisation and ferrite to austenite phase transformation
Authors: Khodabakhshi F. , Kazeminezhad M.
Published: October 2013

Low carbon steel sheets are subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) via constrained groove pressing (CGP) up to five passes. As a result of this process, strain magnitude up to 5·8 is imposed to the sheets, which leads to grain size of 225 nm. These nanostructured steel sheets, due to their high dislocation density and ultrafine microstructure, are very sensitive to heating. In the present study, recovery, recrystallisation and ferrite to austenite phase transformation phenomena for the SPD steel are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry method. The results show that with increasing the strain in steel sheets, the deformed stored energy (released through recovery and recrystallisation) and enthalpy of ferrite to austenite phase transformation are significantly increased and varied in 38·5–85·8 and 109–156·1 MJ m−3 ranges respectively. In addition, transformation temperature is decreased from 761 to 750°C after five CGP passes. However, recovery stored energy, recovery and recrystallisation peak temperatures are not changed, considerably. Experimental data show that with increasing the hardness, the stored energy is increased. One empirical equation is developed for relationship between hardness and stored energy of severely deformed low carbon steel. In addition, using the dislocation model, this mentioned relationship is justified.
Mathematical model for calculation of thickness of flame sprayed coating of aluminium on S235JR steel
Authors: Glogović Z. , Kožuh Z. , Kralj S.
Published: October 2013

In the present work, the method of response surfaces was employed for the purpose of drawing up a mathematical model for the calculation (forecasting) of the thickness of a flame sprayed coating of powdered aluminium on S235JR steel. Experimental work was conducted according to a full central composite design at three levels. The thickness of the coatings made with combinations of input parameters of the procedure according to the experiment plan mentioned was measured in line with the ISO 2064 standard. A mathematical model was derived describing the dependence of the experimentally obtained thickness values on the input parameters of the procedure. The possibility of analysing the influence of the parameters upon the thickness for a certain combination of input parameters has been presented with the use of perturbation plots.