bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Furthering the idea of proportionate governance in British Columbia
Authors: Mcgrail Kim
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveIn British Columbia today, every request for access to data for research purposes is subject to the same time-consuming and intensive review. This presents challenges for timeliness of reviews and scalability as the current process is equally labour intensive for a simple request for limited data, and a request where there is intent to contact. This approach also undermines the public’s interest in supporting research that has potential public value.

Building on the work of SHIP, we have developed a proportionate risk review framework that is intended to make access decisions transparent, expand the potential users of data beyond university-based researchers, and enable a broader range of inquiry. Adding to this external goals, this presentation will describe the use of this framework for internal audit purposes.

ApproachSix proposed core principles of review are science, approach, data, people, environment, and interest, with a spectrum of risk for each ranging from low to very high. The principles and spectrum of risk create a grid, which represents all the possible scenarios under which access to data may be sought and provides a visual means of rating and assessing applications. A significant challenge for the implementation of the framework is identifying consensus on what constitutes ‘low risk’ and ‘high risk’ and mapping risk profiles to a clear review process. This will be pursued using deliberative engagement approaches to public consultation.

ResultsIn the meantime, in order to build understanding of and support for the framework with data stewards, we have employed it to track and monitor service provision to requesting researchers. We identified both “quick” and “slow” projects as examples of researcher experience with data access. Retrospectively, we mapped those projects to the framework to show their levels of risk. We identified the length of time taken at each stage of the request process, from developing an application to receipt of data. We used the proportionate risk framework and information on speed of approval to generate discussion about what factors of review are most concerning to data stewards. Through this we have the ability to institute new policies and come closer to implementing a formal proportionate review process.

ConclusionThe proportionate risk review framework is a flexible tool that can be used to help internal processes as well as improving transparency in the data access process more generally.
Patrones fenotípicos de resistencia en pseudomonas aeruginosa de muestras clínicas a nivel de Sudamérica
Authors: Bolaños Carlos , Iannacone José
Published: April 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Migula 1895 es un bacilo Gram negativo, no esporulado, aeróbico estricto, además presenta diversos mecanismos de resistencia, donde las betalactamasas son la principal causa de resistencia para los  antibióticos betalactámicos. Esta bacteria posee una resistencia intrínseca a diversos betalactámicos, debido a que poseen una enzima  AMPC cromosómico inducible, pero también presenta una resistencia adquirida del tipo betalactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE), carbapenemasas del tipo Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenmasa (KPC) y metalobetalactamasas (MBL). En este trabajo se presenta una revisión sobre los patrones fenotípicos de resistencia en P. aeruginosa con énfasis en la información conocida para 10 países de Sudamérica durante los años 2003 hasta octubre del 2014, los cuales son un problema  mundial a nivel hospitalario que llevan a fracasos terapéuticos al no ser reportados oportunamente, generándose cepas de P. aeruginosa multidrogorresistentes. En Sudamérica, Brasil fue el país que mayor aportó al análisis con 28,6% de los estudios encontrados. Argentina y Colombia fueron los países donde se encontraron los cuatros patrones fenotípicos de resistencia: AMPC desreprimido (AMPCd), BLEE y las carbapenemasas KPC, MBL. Las MBL y BLEE fueron las de mayor prevalencia  encontrada con un 21,9% y 18,5% respectivamente en Sudamérica. En el periodo 2007-2010  fue donde se encontraron los cuatro patrones fenotípicos de resistencia AMPCd, BLEE, KPC, MBL de P. aeruginosa  con una prevalencia de 3,4%, 14,1%, 12,6%, 23,1% respectivamente; además el método más usado fue el doble disco difusión  para la detección de BLEE y MBL.  Se debe resaltar que en los países de Bolivia,  Ecuador, Paraguay y Uruguay no se encontraron registros para el análisis de los cuatro patrones fenotípicos de resistencia.Palabras claves: Antibióticos, betalactamasas, carbapenemasas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,  resistencia bacteriana, Sudamérica.
Aprendizagem Social, Motivação e Comprometimento em um Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica
Authors: Madruga Lúcia Rejane da Rosa Gama , Silva Tânia Nunes da
Published: April 2017

Este artigo procurou identificar as características do processo de aprendizagem social, da motivação e do comprometimento dos integrantes de um Comitê de Gerenciamento de Bacia. A estratégia metodológica foi um estudo de caso em profundidade, que se desenvolveu no Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. A pesquisa incluiu um levantamento com 36 integrantes, dentre outras fontes de investigação. O processo de análise incluiu triangulação de dados e de métodos. Os resultados sugerem que a aprendizagem nesse ambiente ocorre, principalmente, pela troca de conhecimentos e de experiências, proporcionada pela participação e pelas interações significativas que acontecem entre os integrantes nas reuniões e nos grupos de trabalho, onde se manifesta a experiência social coletiva. Os fatores motivacionais dos indivíduos estão relacionados a questões de natureza social e coletiva e às questões locais, cuja solução precisa ser encontrada no presente. Os integrantes se reconhecem como pessoas com elevada motivação e comprometimento afetivo com o Comitê.Palavras-chave: aprendizagem social, motivação, comprometimento e comitê de bacia hidrográfica.AbstractThis article sought to identify the procedural characteristics of social learning, of motivation and behavior of members of a Basin Management Committee. The methodological strategy included an in-depth case study, developed in the Santa Maria River Hydrographic Basin Management Committee, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The research included a study with 36 members, along with other investigative sources. The analysis process employed the triangulation of data and methods. Results suggest that learning in this environment occurs mainly through the exchange of knowledge and experiences, provided through participation and through significant interactions that take place between members in meetings and work groups, through which collective social experience takes form. The motivational factors of the individuals are related to issues of a social and collective nature along with local issues, whose solutions need to be found in the present. Members see themselves as people with elevated motivation and effective commitment to the Committee.Keywords: social learning, motivation, behavior and hydrographic basin committee.
PRÁTICAS DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL EM UM CONDOMÍNIO HORIZONTAL FECHADO DA GRANDE NATAL-RN: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A PERCEPÇÃO DE CONDÔMINOS
Authors: Almeida Ana Flávia Oliveira de , Pimenta Handson Cláudio Dias
Published: April 2017

Os condomínios horizontais fechados ganham cada vez mais adeptos desse tipo de moradia, no entanto observa-se que nem sempre a concentração desse tipo de moradia se dá de forma ordenada ambientalmente. Destaca-se ainda, que muitos aspectos ambientais significativos de um condomínio são ocasionados pela ausência de consciência e atitude inadequada dos condôminos frente ao gerenciamento destes. Assim, este trabalho analisa o nível de consciência e atitudes ambientais, além da aceitação por parte dos moradores quanto à implementação de práticas de gestão ambiental no condomínio Jardim Europa, situado no município de Parnamirim-RN. A pesquisa utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados, um questionário estruturado em escala do tipo Likert, com questões fechadas, contemplando 27 variáveis e subdividida em 04 grupos (Consciência, Atitude, Programas Ambientais e Perfil). As técnicas estatísticas utilizadas para a análise de dados foram descritivas e de agrupamento (cluster). Os resultados indicam que os condôminos apresentam um elevado grau de instrução, no entanto ainda existe uma lacuna quanto à consciência e atitude ambiental que em alguns casos confronta com a preocupação financeira. No entanto, quando um recurso ambiental relaciona-se com o financeiro, como no caso da energia, notadamente há um maior número de pessoas empenhadas em reduzir os gastos.Palavras-chave: gestão ambiental, consciência e atitude ambiental, aspectos e impactos ambientais.AbstractThe closed horizontal condominiums has been gained more fans of this kind of housing, however there is not always such a concentration occurs in an environmentally ordered way. In addition, many significant environmental aspects of a condominium are caused by lack of awareness and bad attitude front of the residents regarding management of these. Thus, this paper analyzes the awareness and attitudes level, as well as acceptance by residents about the implementation of an environmental management pratices in Jardim Europa, located in the municipality of Parnamirim - RN. The research used as a tool for data collection, a structured questionnaire in Likert scale, with closed questions, covering 27 variables and divided into 04 groups (Awareness, Attitude, Environmental Programs and Social profile). Statistical techniques were used for data analysis and cluster analysis. The results indicate that the residents had a high education level, however there is a gap regarding the environmental awareness yet that in many cases confronted with the attitude to establish a sustainable housing environment. However, when an environmental resource is related to the financial issue, like energy, especially there is a greater number of people committed to reducing spending.Keywords: environmental management, environmental awareness and attitude, environmental aspects and impacts.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL EMPRESARIAL E A GESTÃO AMBIENTAL CORPORATIVA: ANÁLISE DO CASO DO PARQUE ESTADUAL MATA DOS GODOY EM LONDRINA - PR
Authors: Zapparoli Irene Domenes , Camara Marcia Regina Gabardo da , Luiz Leliana Aparecida Casagrande , Silva Sidinei Silvério da , Feijó Marcos Gleisson Franco
Published: April 2017

A crescente pressão exercida por entidades ambientalistas e o arrocho da legislação ambiental cria condições favoráveis à preservação ambiental em parques estaduais. O objetivo do artigo é analisar a relação entre desenvolvimento sustentável empresarial e a gestão ambiental corporativa do Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy situado na zona rural do Município de Londrina, Estado do Paraná. A metodologia baseia-se na análise desenvolvida por North (1992 apud Moura, 2004) e Kinlaw (1997), que demonstra e estratifica o comportamento do desenvolvimento sustentável para segmentos econômicos. A pesquisa de campo realizada envolve um levantamento de dados por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com empresários londrinenses e posteriormente aplicou-se um questionário aos moradores do entorno do parque. Os resultados revelam a postura ambiental empresarial que proporciona elementos para a preservação da Mata do Godoy e que a partir da análise da amostra de moradores entrevistados é possível inferir que embora conhecedores das vantagens do Parque - aproximadamente 74% dos entrevistados – ainda não são beneficiados pela moradia contígua e a contínua freqüência ao local do Parque, havendo necessidade de realizar um trabalho de divulgação específica para a comunidade do seu entorno, fator que contribuiria para melhor qualidade do bem-estar da população local.Palavras-chave:Gestão ambiental corporativa; Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy; Londrina-PRAbstractThe increasing pressure exerted by environmentalists and environmental legislation stimulate environmental preservation of State parks. The aim of the article is to examine the relationship between sustainable development and environmental management business enterprise and Mata of Godoy State Park situated in rural area of the municipality of Londrina, Paraná State. The methodology is based on the analysis developed by North (1992 apud Moura, 2004) and Kinlaw (1997), which demonstrates and raises the behavior of sustainable development and economic segments. The analysis of the semi-structured interview among Londrina’s selected entrepreneurs permits to verify friendly environmental behavior and the sample of residents interviewed allowed inferring that, despite knowing the advantages of the park - about 74% of the respondents -, the population has not yet benefited from living adjacent to the park. Public policies should stimulate disclosure to the community from its surroundings, a factor that would contribute to improving the welfare of local people.Keywords: Corporate environmental management; State Park Mata do Godoy; Londrina-PR
La participación en el urbanismo: los planes de ordenación urbanística municipal en Cataluña
Authors: Martí-Costa Marc , Pybus Miquel
Published: April 2017

El artículo analiza la participación ciudadana en los Planes de Ordenación Urbanística Municipal (POUM) aprobados en Cataluña. Los resultados constatan, a pesar de los avances en esta materia de la legislación urbanística de Cataluña, una gran diversidad de situaciones entre municipios. En concreto, se detectan debilidades importantes en los municipios de menos de 10.000 habitantes por lo que se refiere a la planificación de la participación y a la realización de acciones informativas y talleres deliberativos. En términos generales, se pone de manifiesto una participación de mínimos, mientras que los municipios que apuestan por una plantificación más colaborativa y deliberativa en el proceso de elaboración de los POUM son aún una minoría.
Principios éticos
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Principios éticos
Potencialidad y limitaciones del modelo de diferencias en diferencias aplicado con datos agregados a la evaluación de políticas públicas en el ámbito territorial
Authors: García Julián Pérez , Perez Hernández Francisco
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es la ilustración de la potencialidad del Modelo de Diferencias en Diferencias (DiD) para la evaluación de diversas políticas públicas aplicadas en el ámbito territorial y utilizando datos agregados. Con esta finalidad se ha realizado una panorámica general sobre las alternativas de evaluación de políticas públicas y revisado las posibilidades de aplicación sobre un amplio espectro de políticas desarrolladas en la comunidad autónoma del País Vasco. A continuación, se presenta la metodología básica de los modelos de diferencias en diferencias y se realizarán dos aplicaciones alternativas, una de ámbito local, el Programa Izartu, y otra de ámbito regional, el Programa Euskadi de fomento de la sociedad de la información con el fin de ilustrar la potencialidad y limitaciones de la metodología propuestas. El artículo finaliza con un apartado dedicado a la valoración de los resultados obtenidos y con una propuesta para la corrección de los principales problemas metodológicos identificados vinculados con el cumplimiento de la condición de tendencia paralela.
La gestión transversal de género en momentos de crisis. Análisis de los municipios catalanes
Authors: Gelambi Torrell Monica
Published: April 2017

En este artículo analizamos la implementación de la gestión transversal de género en los ayuntamientos catalanes. Se analizan las dificultades y resistencias presentes en los ayuntamientos catalanes para introducir la transversalidad de género en las distintas áreas municipales, elementos que se han visto agravados a causa de los actuales recortes financieros y competenciales que afectan al ámbito local. El estudio intenta dar respuesta a dos preguntas: ¿Por qué la gestión transversal de género aún no es una realidad en los ayuntamientos catalanes? ¿Qué cambios se tienen que producir en la dinámica municipal para que se incluya la igualdad de género en todas las políticas? El artículo se basa en el análisis DAFO realizado a partir de los datos empíricos obtenidos en 7 sesiones de trabajo (grupos de discusión) con personal técnico de los ayuntamientos catalanes de la provincia de Barcelona. Se ha podido observar como las resistencias institucionales a implementar la gestión transversal de género influyen en el personal técnico y dificultan el trabajo realizado desde las concejalías de igualdad.
Recensiones
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Stiglitz, Joseph y Greenwald, Bruce G. La creación de una sociedad del aprendizaje. La Esfera de los Libros, Madrid, 2016 (Miguel Anxo Bastos Boubeta).Fontaine, Guillaume. El análisis de políticas públicas. Conceptos, teorías y métodos. Anthropos y FLACSO Ecuador, Barcelona, 2015 (Carlos Miguel Rodrigues de Caires)
A Modern, American Courbet
Authors: Dossin Catherine
Published: April 2017

Taking on Roy Lichtenstein’s European rise to fame, my paper describes how his work arrived in Western Europe during the 1963 Crisis of Abstract, when Europeans were turning their attention to Realism anew. It then explains that they appreciated his engagement with contemporary reality. Moreover, Lichtenstein’s popular imagery, colorful palette, and mechanized style appealed to them as a reflection of US-American civilization, whose influence was then at its pinnacle in Europe. They regarded him as a modern, American Courbet. His success was thus less “the triumph of American art” than the triumph of a European idea of the United States.
Roberto Magalhães - xilogravuras: figuração fantástica, ética e ironia
Authors: Tavora Maria Luisa Luz
Published: April 2017

Roberto Magalhães (1940), artista plural, participou com destaque do campo artístico da gravura nos anos 1960, momento de ativação deste meio expressivo, fomentado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, pela criação de ateliês livres. Produziu xilogravura de 1963 a 1966, imprimindo-lhe contornos polêmicos se comparados às referências expressionistas no meio. O sentido de uma visão primitiva elaborada com requinte aflora em sua gravura cuja erudição aponta para referências culturais muito marcadas. A estrutura dos mitos faz parte de sua gravura na qual com ironia e tom jocoso, redimensiona e atualiza a questão do Bem e do Mal.
“I'd make thee eat the mischief thou hast vented”: Discourse of Law in Ben Jonson's Catiline His Conspiracy
Authors: Shimizu Akihiko
Published: April 2017

This essay explores the discourse of law that constitutes the controversial apprehension of Cicero's issuing of the ultimate decree of the Senate (senatus consultum ultimum) in Catiline. The play juxtaposes the struggle of Cicero, whose moral character and legitimacy are at stake in regards to the extra-legal uses of espionage, with the supposedly mischievous Catilinarians who appear to observe legal procedures more carefully throughout their plot. To mitigate this ambivalence, the play defends Cicero's actions by depicting the way in which Cicero establishes the rhetoric of public counsel to convince the citizens of his legitimacy in his unprecedented dealing with Catiline. To understand the contemporaneousness of Catiline, I will explore the way the play integrates the early modern discourses of counsel and the legal maxim of ‘better to suffer an inconvenience than mischief,’ suggesting Jonson's subtle sensibility towards King James's legal reformation which aimed to establish and deploy monarchical authority in the state of emergency (such as the Gunpowder Plot of 1605). The play's climactic trial scene highlights the display of the collected evidence, such as hand-written letters and the testimonies obtained through Cicero's spies, the Allbroges, as proof of Catiline's mischievous character. I argue that the tactical negotiating skills of the virtuous and vicious characters rely heavily on the effective use of rhetoric exemplified by both the political discourse of classical Rome and the legal discourse of Tudor and Jacobean England.
El nuevo horno VPB para productos cerámicos
Authors: Bodin V.
Published: April 2017

Not available
Comportamiento de las fibras minerales sintéticas en el hormigón
Authors: Budnikow P. P. , Gorjajnow K. E.
Published: April 2017

No available
Organizational Social Context
Authors: Simard Albert J.
Published: April 2017

Understanding the social context of an organization is a precursor to managing tacit knowledge. This chapter describes a three-dimensional social-context framework comprising factors, trust, and manageability. Factors are underlying characteristics - situation, interaction, and scale - that affect all aspects of the social structure. Trust classifies criteria that affect trust at individual, group, and organizational levels. Manageability lists methods of enhancing indicators for each social context criteria. The framework is based on patterns and clusters of 1200 terms found in a survey of the social-science literature related to social structures. The framework is presented in a format that facilitates prioritizing the most important criteria for an organization to focus on. Understanding how social context affects organizations will greatly facilitate tacit knowledge management.
The High Temperature Creep Properties of a Thermally Sprayed CoNiCrAlY Coating via Small Punch Creep Testing
Authors: Jackson G.A. , Chen Hao , Sun Wei , McCartney D. Graham
Published: April 2017

Thermal barrier coatings (TBC’s) protect superalloy components from excessively high temperatures in gas turbines. TBC’s comprise of a ceramic top coat, a metallic bond coat and a thermally grown oxide (TGO). The creep behaviour of the MCrAlY bond coat, which is sensitive to the composition and the method of deposition, has a significant effect on the life of the TBC. High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying is a popular deposition method for MCrAlY bond coats however the creep properties of HVOF MCrAlY coatings are not well documented. The creep behaviour of a HVOF thermally sprayed CoNiCrAlY coating has been determined by small punch creep (SPC) testing. Tests were conducted between an equivalent uniaxial stress range of 37-80 MPa at 750 °C on two different SPC rigs and between 30-49 MPa at 850 °C on a single SPC rig. The measured steady-state creep deformation rates at 750 °C were consistent across the two rigs. A comparison with previous work demonstrated that the creep behaviour of HVOF CoNiCrAlY coatings is not sensitive to the manufacturing variability associated with HVOF thermal spraying. The CoNiCrAlY coating exhibited typical SPC deformation at 750 °C. At 850 °C the CoNiCrAlY coating showed significantly different creep behaviour which could be attributed to the onset of superplasticity.
A Novel Approach to Small Punch Fatigue Testing
Authors: Lancaster Robert , Illsley Henry , Hurst Roger , Jeffs Spencer , Baxter Gavin
Published: April 2017

Miniaturised mechanical test approaches are now widely recognised as an established means of obtaining useful mechanical property information from limited material quantities. To date these methods have largely been adopted to characterise the creep, tensile and fracture characteristics of numerous material systems from a range of industrial applications. One method developed for miniaturised testing is the small punch test. Many international institutions and research faculties have now made a significant investment in realising the potential that small punch testing has to offer. However, limited success has been made in replicating a miniaturised test approach for determining the cyclic fatigue properties of a small punch disc due to the complex biaxial stress field that typically occurs in any small punch test. Therefore, to realise such an approach and to interpret the fatigue behaviour of small scale components, the mechanical test arrangement must clearly be of a highly bespoke nature. This paper will discuss the ongoing research and progress in developing a novel small punch fatigue testing facility at the Institute of Structural Materials in Swansea University. Several experiments have been performed on the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V at ambient room temperature and effort has been made to understand the complex damage mechanism.
Representation zeta functions of self-similar branched groups
Authors: Bartholdi Laurent
Published: April 2017

We compute the numbers of irreducible linear representations of self-similar branched groups, by expressing these numbers as the coëfficients

r_n

of a Dirichlet series

\sum r_n n^{-s}

.

We show that this Dirichlet series has a positive abscissa of convergence and satisfies a functional equation thanks to which it can be analytically continued (through root singularities) to the right half-plane.

We compute the abscissa of convergence and the functional equation for some prominent examples of branched groups, such as the Grigorchuk and Gupta–Sidki groups.
A note on relative amenability
Authors: Wesolek Phillip
Published: April 2017

P.-E. Caprace and N. Monod isolate the class

\mathscr{X}

of locally compact groups for which relatively amenable closed subgroups are amenable. It is unknown if

\mathscr X

is closed under group extension. In this note, we exhibit a large, group extension stable subclass of

\mathscr X

, which suggests

\mathscr X

is indeed closed under group extension. Along the way, we produce generalizations of the class of elementary groups and obtain information on groups outside

\mathscr X

.
Minimal exponential growth rates of metabelian Baumslag–Solitar groups and lamplighter groups
Authors: Bucher Michelle , Talambutsa Alexey
Published: April 2017

We prove that for any prime

p \geq 3

the minimal exponential growth rate of the Baumslag–Solitar group BS

(1,p)

and the lamplighter group

\mathcal{L}_p=(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})\wr \mathbb{Z}

are equal. We also show that for

p=2

this claim is not true and the growth rate of BS

(1,2)

is equal to the positive root of

x^3-x^2-2

, whilst the one of the lamplighter group

\mathcal{L}_2

is equal to the golden ratio

(1+\sqrt5)/2

. The latter value also serves to show that the lower bound of A.Mann from[9] for the growth rates of non-semidirect HNN extensions is optimal.
Invariant random perfect matchings in Cayley graphs
Authors: Csóka Endre , Lippner Gabor
Published: April 2017

We prove that every non-amenable Cayley graph admits a factor of IID perfect matching. We also show that any connected

d

-regular vertex transitive graph admits a perfect matching. The two results together imply that every Cayley graph admits an invariant random perfect matching.

A key step in the proof is a result on graphings that also applies to finite graphs. The finite version says that for any partial matching of a finite regular graph that is a good expander, one can always find an augmenting path whose length is poly-logarithmic in one over the ratio of unmatched vertices.
Condiciones de las prácticas profesionales en medios de comunicación: un estudio empírico
Authors: García-Borrego Manuel , Roses Campos Sergio , Farias Batlle Pedro
Published: April 2017

El artículo describe las condiciones en que los estudiantes de Periodismo realizan prácticas en medios de comunicación y examina su grado de satisfacción hacia estas. Metodología. Se condujo una encuesta al total de becarios de diarios, radios y agencias de la ciudad de Málaga en 2015. Los datos se sometieron a análisis estadístico. Resultados. El 85% de los becarios afirma sobrepasar el horario del convenio. La carga de trabajo se equipara a la de profesionales séniors en los becarios más experimentados. Pese a las condiciones, la satisfacción con las prácticas es alta. Aumenta cuando perciben que la empresa valora que prolonguen la jornada; sin embargo, disminuye a medida que los becarios acumulan experiencia. Conclusiones. La discusión cuestiona el papel formativo de las prácticas y apunta que el comportamiento y actitudes de los estudiantes podrían explicarse a partir de sus expectativas de inserción laboral en el medio.
Annual and semiannual cycles of midlatitude near-surface temperature and tropospheric baroclinicity: reanalysis data and AOGCM simulations
Authors: Lembo Valerio , Bordi Isabella , Speranza Antonio
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Seasonal variability in near-surface air temperature and baroclinicity from the ECMWF ERA-Interim (ERAI) reanalysis and six coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 and 5 (CMIP3 and CMIP5) are examined. In particular, the annual and semiannual cycles of hemispherically averaged fields are studied using spectral analysis. The aim is to assess the ability of coupled general circulation models to properly reproduce the observed amplitude and phase of these cycles, and investigate the relationship between near-surface temperature and baroclinicity (coherency and relative phase) in such frequency bands. The overall results of power spectra agree in displaying a statistically significant peak at the annual frequency in the zonally averaged fields of both hemispheres. The semiannual peak, instead, shows less power and in the NH seems to have a more regional character, as is observed in the North Pacific Ocean region. Results of bivariate analysis for such a region and Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes show some discrepancies between ERAI and model data, as well as among models, especially for the semiannual frequency. Specifically, (i) the coherency at the annual and semiannual frequency observed in the reanalysis data is well represented by models in both hemispheres, and (ii) at the annual frequency, estimates of the relative phase between near-surface temperature and baroclinicity are bounded between about ±15° around an average value of 220° (i.e., approximately 1-month phase shift), while at the semiannual frequency model phases show a wider dispersion in both hemispheres with larger errors in the estimates, denoting increased uncertainty and some disagreement among models. The most recent CMIP climate models (CMIP5) show several improvements when compared with CMIP3, but a degree of discrepancy still persists though masked by the large errors characterizing the semiannual frequency. These findings contribute to better characterizing the cyclic response of current global atmosphere–ocean models to the external (solar) forcing that is of interest for seasonal forecasts.
El proyecto de una república mundial subsidiaria y federal en Otfried Höffe
Authors: Cubo Óscar
Published: April 2017

En la teoría de la justicia política de Otfried Höffe se encuentra una de las reformulaciones actuales más originales acerca del proyecto kantiano de una paz internacional entre los estados. Höffe comparte con Kant la tesis de que la paz internacional no ha de entenderse como el resultado provisional de un equilibro de fuerzas entre distintas potencias ni como la ausencia empírica de hostilidades, sino como una paz jurídica basada en las pautas del derecho internacional. Como garante de dicho ordenamiento jurídico internacional, Höffe aboga por el establecimiento de un estado mundial federal y subsidiario.
Una revisión del pensamiento Cirenaico. Rasgos generales del hedonismo antiguo
Authors: Molina Alonso Pablo
Published: April 2017

Una revisión del pensamiento Cirenaico. Rasgos generales del hedonismo antiguo
Vegetative Characteristics of Sage-grouse Nesting and Brood Rearing Sites
Authors: Lane Vanessa , Sika Jenny , Wambolt Carl , Frisina Michael R. , Sowell Bok
Published: April 2017

Vegetative characteristics of 146 greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) nest sites and 48 brood rearing sites were compared with paired random sites to determine if hens were selecting sites with certain vegetative attributes at three study areas in central Montana in 2003 and 2004. Ninety-seven percent of all nest locations and 92% of all brood rearing locations were in Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) plants. Therefore, only attributes of Wyoming big sagebrush plants were analyzed. Shrub characteristics such as percent cover, density (shrubs/m2), average shrub height (cm), nest shrub height (cm) and nest shrub production (g/shrub) were recorded. Herbaceous measurements such as forb cover (%), grass cover (%), total cover (%) and grass height (cm) were recorded. Sage-grouse hen nest sites had greater (P ≤ 0.05) average shrub height (36 vs 31 cm) and more (P ≤ 0.05) nest shrub production (55 vs 48 g/shrub) than random sites. There were no differences in sagebrush cover density or nest shrub height or any herbaceous characteristics between nest and random sites. Fifty percent of all nests were successful. Successful nest sites were not different from unsuccessful nest sites in any shrub or herbaceous component. There were no differences in shrub or herbaceous measurements between yearling and adult nest sites. Shrub and herbaceous characteristics of brood sites did not differ from random sites. Average shrub height was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for adult brood rearing sites compared to yearling sites (35 vs 31 cm). Brood site shrub cover was less (P < 0.05) than nest shrub cover (14 vs 21%). Our results suggest that even though nesting sage-grouse hens selected for taller and more productive Wyoming big sagebrush plants, these attributes did not improve nesting success. Grazing guidelines suggested to increase herbaceous vegetation may not improve nesting or brood rearing success. Although brood rearing vegetative characteristics were lower (P £ 0.05) in sagebrush cover and production than nesting sites, managers should not reduce Wyoming big sagebrush cover or production to emphasize one stage of sage-grouse production since this plant is vital for all life phases.
Future development of the air transport sector – implications for sustainable development
Authors: Thomas Callum
Published: April 2017

Aviation is critical to social and economic development. Demand is strong and growing. Gulf region economic development is particularly reliant upon air transport. But environmental issues threaten the growth of the industry at a local (airport) and global (airline) level. Issues such as noise, energy use, water use, climate change, peak oil all threaten the potential for aviation to support sustainable development in the longer term. Manchester Metropolitan University has for over 25 years been researching the environmental business threats to the air transport sector, seeking commercially viable solutions through partnership working with airports, airlines, aerospace manufacturers and government departments.
Uncovering responses of zooplankton community to CO2 acidification in Qatar coastal waters
Authors: Ben-Hamadou Radhouane , Aboshanab Rawan , Sherif Ahmed , Al-Mandili Monzer , Omer Ghadeer , Shabbir Fahad , Kazmi Sayed , Range Pedro , Al-Maslamani Ibrahim , Obbard Jeffrey
Published: April 2017

The combustion of fossil fuels is pushing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) to unprecedented levels. This rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 is causing global changes, with noticeable increases in temperature, sea level rise and changes to marine carbon chemistry (i.e., Ocean Acidification - OA). The today average pH of ocean surface waters has already declined by 0.1 units from pre-industrial levels. According to the IPCC representative concentration pathways (RCPs), further declines in pH are predicted until the end of the century, varying between 0.14 units and 0.43 units. OA is irreversible on short time frames and previous studies have shown the potential impacts of ocean acidification on the physiology, reproduction, immunology and behavior of marine organisms, with effects already documented in multiple species and several regions of the world, although not in the Arabian Gulf. Nevertheless, the strong environmental variability of the Arabian Gulf presents good opportunities to study the potential impacts of future global change on marine ecosystems and to investigate the underlying mechanisms governing their resistance and adaptation to future environmental extremes. In this research we are targeting the response of zooplanktonic assemblages to OA, since these are commonly used as bioindicators of environmental and climate driven impact on marine ecosystems. The approach is mainly experimental, using controlled CO2 perturbation experiments, done aboard the Qatar University research vessel “Janan”. We are specifically investigating the response of zooplankton communities to relevant scenarios of seawater acidification by CO2, in terms of assemblage composition and structure; respiration rates; and egg production rates. The first round of experiments was conducted during a 3 day cruise offshore from Doha (June 3–5, 2016); complemented with a second cruise and round of experiments (November 17–19, 2016). Results provide insightful information about zooplankton communities’ responses to high CO2 levels in seawater of the Arabian Gulf and contribute to a better understanding about the biogeochemistry of coastal marine areas in Qatar, and more broadly in the Arabian Gulf.

Acknowledgments: This study is funded by QNRF through the project “Zooplankton community responses to CO2 acidification in Qatar coastal waters (UREP18-177-1-021).
تقويم برنامج الماجستير في قسم علم المكتبات والمعلومات في الجامعة الأردنية في ضوء معايير جمعية المكتبات الأمريكية (ALA)
Authors: الشوابكة يونس أحمد اسماعيل
Published: April 2017

إعدا

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقويم برنامج الماجستير في علم المكتبات والمعلومات في الجامعة الأردنية في ضوء معايير جمعية المكتبات الأمريكية (ALA)، والكشف عن درجة توافر ودرجة جودة تطبيق هذه المعايير في البرنامج، من خلال مقارنة مقومات البرنامج الحالي بمعايير جمعية المكتبات الأمريكية (ALA) الخمسة: التخطيط المنهجي، والمنهاج الدراسي، وأعضاء هيئة التدريس، والطلبة، والإدارة والتمويل والمصادر، وقد أظهرت النتائج أن درجة توافر المعيار الثالث “أعضاء هيئة التدريس” ودرجة جودة تطبيقه في البرنامج كانت مرتفعة، في حين كانت كانت درجة توافر بقية المعايير ودرجة جودة تطبيقها في البرنامج متوسطة، وقد قدمت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: ضرورة الاهتمام بعناصر التخطيط الرئيسة ولا سيما رؤية البرنامج ورسالته وأهدافه ونتاجات تعلم الطلبة، وزيادة الاهتمام بسياسات التقويم وإجراءاته وأدلته الموثقة.

الكلمات المفتاحية: التقويم ؛ الجودة ؛ التوافر ؛ برامج الماجستير؛ علم المكتبات والمعلومات ؛ المعايير ؛ جمعية المكتبات الأمريكية (ALA).
The Effect of Corporate Profit Tax on Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Albania
Authors: Cela Shpresa
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze the major cause of the instability of foreign direct investments in Albania these last years, their lowest level of FDI when compared with other countries in the region, and the importance of these investments in developing countries like Albania. The size of FDI has a significant effect on the financial and macroeconomic factors, government and infrastructure factors, and the factors by fiscal nature. In this study, we disengage fiscal factors and in particular, the corporate profit tax rate. The aim of this study was to prove that in countries with weak legal infrastructure, this factor is statistically significant in attracting Foreign Direct Investment. Thus, should Albania be considered as a country with weak legal infrastructure? Due to this question, we took into consideration specific indicators measured in recent years by various world organizations by comparing them with various countries of the region. Also, we built an econometric model through multiple regression by collecting data on the tax rate applied in Albania from 1992- 2016, and the level of FDI for this period. This is in a bid to ascertain the effect or impact that profit taxes has on FDI inflows in Albania. In conclusion, Corporate Tax Rates is a factor that has a very significant impact on the size of FDI in Albania.
Islam and Democracy: A Critical Reappraisal of Adaptation and Contrast Theories
Authors: Sardarnia Khalil , Bahrampour Yalda
Published: April 2017

With the expansion of Islamism, a wave of Islam phobia was launched by western Orientalists and intensified subsequent to September 11 Attacks. Theoretically, the subject of adaptation and compatibility or contrast between Islam and democracy has drawn the attention of academic circles. Using a comparative and analytical research procedure, the current article seeks to provide an answer to this question: In the area of Adaptation and Contrast Theories, what is the nature of the relationship between Islam and democracy? The research’s hypothesis is that: from Contrast perspective, adaptation between democracy and Islam is not possible due to ontological and epistemological differences. In contrast, given the existing rational and democratic potentials within the framework of genuine Islamic fundamentals, democratic empirical examples such as democratic attitudes and demands in Islam world and democratic governance in the Middle East countries and Islam world, adaptation oriented parties believe in the existence of contextualized democracy within the framework of Islam. Using a critical reappraisal, it must be noted that, in spite of some deficits, Adaptation is more tenable, while Contrast and Essentialism are not sufficiently tenable due to some causes including failure to make a distinction between Islam’s basic fundamentals and history of Islam, the performance of authoritarian regimes and radical Islamists, universalization of liberal-secular democracy discourse and its combination with western ethnic chauvinism and propaganda of Islam phobia and defamation to Islam.
An Improved Method for the Quantification of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) in Cocoa-Containing Beverage Powders
Authors: Martin Frédéric , Meyer Liliane , Zelianos Konstantinos , Gimenez Esther Campos
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this work was to understand low recoveries of thiamine (vitamin B1) when extracted from cocoa-containing beverage powders fortified with water-soluble vitamin B1, and to develop and validate a new procedure to improve these results. Based on the literature, previous trials have focused on two main factors: pH value prior to paper filtration and the need for solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean up. We demonstrate that by following European Standard EN 14122, recovery of thiaminein cocoa-containing beverage powders is low and dependent on the test portion (86 and 72% for 0.5 and 1.5 g test portions, respectively). Our improved method resolved this problem by keeping the pH low (around 1) prior to paper filtration, leading to a 96.3% recovery and high precision (RSDr of 3.5%). The use of strong cation-exchange SPE cartridges for cleanup prior to the thiamine oxidation reaction proved to be essential. A comparison between our improved method and EN 14122 on nine cocoa-containing beverage samples available on local market from different manufacturers showed a systematic increase in thiamine content (up to 70%) when the improved methodwas applied. The highest difference was observed forthe sample that contained the highest amount of cocoa. However, for beverage powders that contained bothcocoa and milk, no difference was observed.
The regularities of the distribution of siliceous mudstones and “coccolith” member of the Bazhenov Formation
Authors: Eder V.G. , Zamirailova A.G. , Yan P.A.
Published: April 2017

Based on results of comprehensive lithological and geochemical analysis, we have established the regularities of the spatial distribution of major rock-forming components of the Bazhenov Formation in the West Siberian Basin (WSB), namely, siliceous, argillaceous, and carbonate material. According to the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, the most siliceous rocks of the Bazhenov Formation are biomorphic siliceous mudstones (radiolarites) (> 20), cryptocrystalline siliceous mudstones (8–20), and the most argillaceous rocks are argillaceous mudstones (< 3). Intermediate SiO2/Al2O3 values (3–8) are observed in mudstones of different types. North-south distribution profiles of the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio and CaO content in different areas of the WSB were constructed. The areas of occurrence of radiolarites (potential reservoirs) and a “coccolith” member with the highest content of organic matter have been clarified. The thickest radiolarite bed (3-4 m) has been found in the Salym area. In some sections of the North Surgut area, a “coccolith” member is 2 m thick and is carbonatized. In most of the sections of the North Surgut, South Tomsk, and West Tomsk regions, rocks of this type are observed as 1 cm thick intercalates, and in the Novosibirsk region they are virtually lacking. We have established that a “coccolith” member, localized mostly in the upper part of the Bazhenov Formation, occurs not only in the Salym and Krasnoleninskii regions but also in the North Surgut region. It was also found in the Northern region in the southern and central parts of the South Nadym megamonoclise. Coccolithophorid relics are occasional in the South and West Tomsk regions and are lacking in the Novosibirsk region and in the Northern region of the South Nadym megamonoclise.
EDITORIAL FOREWORD
Authors: Khater Akram , Culang Jeffrey
Published: April 2017

How do history and literature create a sense of ethnic or imperial community? And how do social and legal normative and disruptive narratives contribute to drawing the boundaries of such communities? To provide some answers, this issue brings together three articles on “Historicizing Fiction” and two on “Early Safavids and Ottomans.” In the first section, David Selim Sayers's article, “Sociosexual Roles in Ottoman Pulp Fiction,” analyzes “premodern sociosexual roles” in the Ottoman Empire through the Tıfli stories, a form of lowbrow literature that narrates the everyday lives of their protagonists in Ottoman Istanbul. This genre seems to have appeared initially in the 18th century, but it peaked in the early 19th century amidst the expansion of Ottoman commercial printing. As Sayers points out, the early 19th century was also a period that witnessed a major transformation of the sociosexual order of the Middle East, perhaps explaining why the authors of the Tıfli stories reflected on the prior order in their writing. Sayers argues that whereas most sources on this subject are prescriptive and transgressive, seeking to “outline, defend, or undermine sociosexual norms,” the Tıfli stories “portray the conflict that ensues when these norms are compromised in suspenseful yet relatable ways.” Through his analysis of these stories, Sayers blurs the lines between roles such as the boy-beloved, the female adolescent, and the adult male and female pursuer, which in other sources and analyses appear self-contained. Yet he also makes an effort “to advance beyond a definition of the roles towards an understanding of how they were negotiated by subjects of history.”
La Niña Subtype May Have a Big Impact on Aerosols in China
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: April 2017

During a newly identified "flavor" of La Niña called La Niña Modoki, aerosol concentrations over different regions of eastern China may depend heavily on the strength of the event.