bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Patients with Low Back Pain among Healthcare Professionals at John Piet Wanane General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Luhur Lu Jordy , Ruma Agustinus , Sugianto Paulus
Published: August 2022

Highlight:

Healthcare professionals have a higher risk of suffering LBP than other industrial workers.
Adult women who have a high body mass index are likely to experience LBP.
Healthcare professional should maintain a healthy lifestyle to increase productivity and decrase mortality

 
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is musculoskeletal pain, tension, or stiffness that occurs below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without sciatica. It has been found that healthcare professionals are more likely to experience LBP than other industrial workers. Many factors contribute to higher rates of LBP, including occupation, age, obesity, family history, lack of exercise, and psychosocial condition. Objective: To determine LBP’s prevalence and risk factors among healthcare professionals at John Piet Wanane General Hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 158 healthcare professionals. The data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of LBP in this study was 62.7%. Descriptive statistics showed that LBP was most common in the female group (71.7%), age group 35-50 years (52.5%), overweight group (61.6%), married group (80.8%), never or rarely exercise group (84.8%), non-smoking group (85.9%), non-drinkers group (84.8%), and moderate perceived stress group (63.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was significantly associated with LBP. Compared with underweight participants, overweight participants were four times more likely to experience LBP (OR = 4.344, 95% CI: 1.297-14.552). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of LBP among healthcare professionals. High BMI, especially being overweight, increases the risk of developing LBP. Overweight and obesity among healthcare professionals may affect their credibility in providing patients with healthy nutrition and exercise advice. Healthcare professionals should maintain a healthy lifestyle to increase productivity and decrease mortality.
Recent advances in earth-abundant first-row transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni)-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Liu Jianqiao , Yuan Tiefeng , Zhang Zhiyuan , Song Chunyu , Yang Shuai , Gao Xin , Wang Nannan , Cui Lifeng
Published: August 2022

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of fundamental importance as a half reaction and rate-controlling step that plays a predominant function in improving the energy storage and conversion efficiency during the electrochemical water-splitting process. In this review, after briefly introducing the fundamental mechanism of the OER, we systematically summarize the recent research progress for nonprecious-metal-based OER electrocatalysts of representative first-row transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni)-based composite materials. We analyze the effects of the physicochemical properties, including morphologies, structures and compositions, on the integrated performance of these OER electrocatalysts, with the aim of determining the structure-function correlation of the electrocatalysts in the electrochemical reaction process. Furthermore, the prospective development directions of OER electrocatalysts are also illustrated and emphasized. Finally, this mini-review highlights how systematic introductions will accelerate the exploitation of high-efficiency OER electrocatalysts.
Pomegranate Biowastes Are Rich in Valuable Bioactive-Compounds With Potential Benefit on Human Health
Authors: Marra Federica , Petrovicova Beatrix , Canino Francesco , Maffia Angela , Mallamaci Carmelo , Muscolo Adele
Published: August 2022

Pomegranate use is increasing worldwide as it is considered a tasteful healthy food. It is mainly used as fruit, juice and jam. The pomegranate peel represents about 40-50% of the total fruit weight and contains numerous and diverse bioactive substances. The aim of this research was to analyse the pomegranate peel composition of Wonderful cultivated in Southern Italy and treated with an innovative physic dry concentration procedure. The aim was to verify how the drying process influenced the bioactive compounds that could be used as nutraceuticals. A comparison with the peel composition of freeze dried Wonderful cultivated in Southern Italy, freeze dried Wonderful cultivated in South Africa and freeze-dried pomegranate Kullu and Himachal cultivated in India has been done. Results evidenced that in pomegranate peels of Wonderful cultivated in Calabria and dried with the innovative process, total phenolic substances, total flavonoids, vitamin C, vitamin E and antioxidant activities, were the highest. Great amounts of single phenolic acids and flavonoids were found in Calabrian Wonderful peels dried with the innovative process. Overall, it emerged that the great amount of bioactive and diverse compounds found in Calabrian Wonderful pomegranate peel, come from the niche pedoclimatic conditions, and the physic drying innovative methodology.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biofilm Forming Bacteria Act Synergistically to Modulate Proline Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense System and Aquaporin Genes Expression Under Drought Stress
Authors: Siddique Iqra , Shah Tariq , Ali Ahmad , Ahmad Ijaz , D'amato Roberto , Munsif Fazal
Published: August 2022

Use of rhizosphere microorganisms provides an alternative or supplement to conventional plant breeding to improve water deficit tolerance of tomato plants. Experiment was carried out to explore the effect of two microbial species, AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) and Bacillus subtilis, in single and co-application, on growth, colonization, and molecular aspects of tomato plants under drought stress. Co-inoculated plants showed less reduction in growth traits, photosynthetic pigments, colonization rate, and increased compatible solutes like proline which help in sustaining relative water content than non-inoculated plants. Inoculation considerably enhanced proline dehydrogenase activity, and significantly reduced both Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity causing lower proline accumulation in inoculated plants under drought stress. Co-inoculated plants showed obvious upregulation of antioxidant system, thus facilitating amelioration of oxidative stress through exclusion of reactive oxygen species. No inoculation under drought stress upregulated abscisic acid related genes expression but have no effect in plants inoculated either sole or mixed inoculation. Expression of aquaporin genes was upregulated in plants co-inoculated and with AMF alone under normal condition. However the expression of aquaporin genes were decreased or unaffected in plants inoculated with Bacillus subtilis but increased in non-inoculated plants. Co-applied AMF and bacillus subtilis substantially increase drought tolerance by upregulating proline metabolism, antioxidant enzymes and aquaporin genes. Therefore our results suggest that co-inoculation mediated drought tolerance is linked with increased proline accumulation, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and differential regulation of ABA biosynthetic and aquaporin genes, which is vital for osmotic adjustment of host plant.
STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID GROWING ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Bushuyev Sergey , Bushuyeva Nataliia , Bushuyev Denis , Bushuyeva Victoria
Published: August 2022

The strategy of sustainable development of fast-growing organizations is considered. The strategic architecture of sustainable development of organizations on the basis of projects and programs is given. Strategic architecture includes processes of production excellence, product leadership in the market, sustainability of the organization, consumer orientation. Strategic architecture shows what opportunities and competencies need to be built now, what new customers may be coming soon, what new channels to promote products or services need to be explored today, what changes within the organization are needed right now. When building an organization's development strategy, it is necessary to define reform goals based on the organization's strategic priorities, key competencies and strategic priorities of the organization, involve employees in situation analysis, identify key competencies and choose strategic priorities, constantly assess the extent to which selected priorities help The life cycle of projects of sustainable development of knowledge and management technologies is determined. The key competencies and strategic priorities of the organization for the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development are considered. Economic factors of a fast-growing organization allow assessing strategic priorities, projects and sustainable development programs. Organizational growth cycles and growth accelerators are key elements in building projects and programs of strategic development of organizations. The proposed concept of growth cycles is a model of the driving forces of sustainable development, which have become an improvement of modern strategic schemes, and helps to explain why some organizations have achieved a dominant position. Let's define the following types of growth accelerators as fixed cost reduction, market image and brand. The corporation's market leadership increases attention and trust in its products through advertising, positive word of mouth, "fashion factor", partner management, recruitment and mediation.
INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF DECISION MAKING IN THE PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT OF HARVESTING TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Lub Pavlo , Berezovetskyi Sergiy , Padyuka Roman , Chubyk Roman
Published: August 2022

The prerequisites for the creation and use of information-analytical systems for support decision-making in crop harvesting projects are revealed. The peculiarities of the projects environment impact on the implementation of winter rape harvesting projects are presented. Emphasis is placed on the importance of timely of works execution in crop harvesting projects, as well as solving tasks on coordination of content (technical equipment of technological processes of stem spraying and combine seed harvesting) and time of work in projects. The importance of the biological processes impact of winter rapeseed ripening and agrometeorological conditions on the time constraints of the technical equipment operation of projects is indicated. It is noted that this impact determines the variability of the timing of the start of work, as well as their duration and affects the functional performance of winter rapeseed harvesting projects. The necessity of taking into account of these features in the statistical simulation model of the technological system projects of rapeseed harvesting is proved. The development and results of the use of information and analytical system to support project management processes are presented. The method of taking into account the impact of the project environment (subject and agrometeorological conditions) on the timing and timeliness of work in harvesting projects is shown. The expediency of simulation models and methods creating of reflecting the probabilistic conditions of the technical equipment of agricultural crops harvesting projects are described. Computer experiments with a simulation model were performed with the initial data on technical equipment (high-clearance sprayer Mekosan Tecnoma Laser4240-30 and CLAAS Mega 360 combine), cultivar and limits of its production area. The peculiarities of the influence of the main components of crop harvesting projects on the indicators of their efficiency are revealed. The simulation was performed for the set limits of the production area of winter rape – 10-500 ha with a stepwise increase of 10 ha. Correlation dependences of functional indicators efficiency of technological systems on volumes of projects works taking into account influence of the project environment are established.
STRATEGIC ADVERTISING MANAGEMENT DURING THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
Authors: Melnikov Oleg
Published: August 2022

The subject of the research is the development of a strategy for optimal management of the company's advertising expenditures when promoting a new product to the market throughout its entire life cycle. To model the sales dynamics of a new product, the article proposes a modification of the Bass diffusion of innovations model, which makes it possible to numerically simulate the impact of advertising expenditures on the intensity of sales of the two groups of consumers identified in the model, namely innovators and imitators. The problem of optimal control of advertising expenditures for product promotion throughout its entire life cycle is formulated. As an optimality criterion, the expected net present value of cash flows from the sale of the product is chosen. It is shown how to solve this problem by means of dynamic programming techniques. An algorithm for numerical search for the optimal control program of advertising expenditures based on the method of contraction mapping has been developed and implemented. As a result of the algorithm, the optimal level of advertising expenditures is established in the form of a law with feedback, where the degree of market saturation acts as a state variable of the system. On this basis, one can find the optimal level of advertising expenditures in each time period and compare sales trajectories with different advertising strategies. Two cases of advertising aimed at innovators and imitators were studied separately. Numerical experiments were carried out, on the basis of which the qualitative characteristics of the strategy for optimal control of advertising expenditures for these two cases were determined. The influence of the chosen management strategy on the form and duration of the product life cycle has been studied. Conclusions are drawn about the comparative economic efficiency of various advertising management strategies. Optimization of the advertising budget using the developed methodology allows enterprises to check whether the planned level of advertising spending is excessive or insufficient. The application of the methodology allows not only to find the optimal size of advertising expenditures depending on the stage of the product life cycle, but also to predict sales and profits for future periods.
A Novel Approach to Analyze Fracture Properties Utilizing Advanced Mud Logging
Authors: Qatari Ammar , Qubaisi Khalid , Dsouza Steve , Magnier Caroline
Published: August 2022

Mud logging, in essence, is a wellsite operation that investigates, records, and analyzes measurements obtained from the circulating drilling fluid that results in the measurement of cuttings and gas. It plays a vital role in the identification of downhole geological conditions, such as hydrocarbon presence and stratigraphy along with monitoring drilling conditions, to ensure safety of operations and improve efficiency. The objective of this paper is to utilize advanced mud logging analysis characteristics to establish a workflow to potentially identify fractures along an interval. Helium is used as the correlation parameter to potentially indicate fractures along the intended formation. Advanced mud logging provides a quantitative hydrocarbon measurement from the drilling mud rather than the qualitative measurements that regular mudlogging provides. Helium is one of the major components that advanced mudlogging provides and acts as an indicator of permeability in a formation. The process starts with a novel method to utilize helium to be a correlator of fractures within a formation in terms of identification and measurements along with tracking the fracture with time. The combination between current formation imaging procedures and helium readings from mud logs is proven to be a key potential indicator to establish a fracture identification pattern.

The utility of the correlated helium readings from mud logging and fractures from formation image logs is a major breakthrough into identifying formation fracture features. Tracking changes of such features in which mud logging readings are used directly as potential indicators of fractures in an anticipated well. Loss of circulation prediction and LCM designs are enhanced directly by this extra knowledge.
Pragmatic Strategy for Operational and Cost Efficiency Improvement: A Case Study of Rig Selection Strategy for Hydraulic Fracturing Operation in S1 Oil Field Thailand
Authors: Sirirattanachatchawan Thum , Kanjanarat Sukrit , Pirom Pavin , Siriphruek Kanwisa , Tantianon Anan , Nadoon Apiwat , Follett Meth , Paramart Chatchai , Kukiattikoon Arisara
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to elaborate the strategy for operational and cost efficiency improvement by providing an example of a successful case of rig selection strategy for Hydraulic Fracturing Operation in S1 oil field Thailand. The integrated workflow proposed involves all concerned parties to specify the scope of work, analyze internal and external strengths and weaknesses, evaluate possible scenarios, and identify the procurement strategy. As a case of rig selection for fracturing operation in the heterogeneous sandstone, committing the number of candidates before drilling is impossible. Therefore, the typical criteria for fracturing rig selection consider rig move mobility and flexibility in candidate selection. However, in a proven area, the uncertainty of candidate confirmation is manageable. Reservoir engineers provide the number of candidates in 3 scenarios for sensitivity analysis. SWOT analysis and the market survey reveal the possibility to improve both performance and cost by using a warm-stack skidding rig instead of a truck-mounted rig. The sensitivity analysis by using the historical data of each type, indicates that the number of candidates and rig cost play a significant role in cost saving. As a result of analysis and strategy, the operation performance improvesby 34% (2 months reduction) leading to cost-saving by 1MM USD or 24% of the time-dependent cost.
Development of Early Oil Well Cement Properties Using Laponite Particles
Authors: Ahmed Abdulmalek , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin
Published: August 2022

The cement sheath is exposed to several loadings, which can possibly harm its key properties and impede its functions. These loadings become more significant at the early age of forming the cement sheath in which the properties of the cement are not completely developed. The objective of this work is to evaluate the changes in the cement matrix properties at the early stages of the hydration process for the cement containing laponite particles and compare it with the base cement. Laponite is a natural inorganic source containing mainly silicate. It is used as an additive to modify and enhance the rheological properties of many products.

Several cement samples with and without laponite were prepared and evaluated at four different curing times of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Several cement properties such as porosity, Young's modulus, density variation and compressive strength were evaluated at each time. The results showed that the porosity of both cement samples increased with curing time, and the addition of laponite decreased the porosity of the cement samples. The addition of laponite particles also improves the elasticity of the cement as indicated by the decrease in Young's modulus. The early density variation of the cement was minimized when the laponite is used. The results of compressive strength indicated that the compressive strength of both cement systems increased with the increase of the curing time and the laponite-based sample had higher strength than base cement.
Stiff String Torque and Drag: Choosing a Realistic Tortuosity Model
Authors: Nobbs Benjamin , Plee Christophe , Dao Ngoc-Ha
Published: August 2022

Selection of the correct tortuosity model is critical when performing a pre-planning stiff string torque and drag analysis. Various tortuosity models exist in the literature however selection and calibration can be complicated. This paper presents a methodology to aid in selecting an appropriate tortuosity model as well as real case studies.

The goal is to apply a suitable tortuosity to a planned trajectory that will mimic the expected tortuosity along the wellbore. Depending on the directional drilling driving system employed, the trajectory can be smooth or very tortuous with significant additional local doglegs. Overall, the effect of standard tortuosity models on a run-in-hole (RIH) analysis using a stiff string torque and drag model will be investigated. Industry standard tortuosity models such as sinusoidal, random, random with dependent azimuth and helical will be investigated to help identify when they are appropriate depending on the directional driving system employed.

In today's high-cost and complex 3D wells, simulations using smooth planned trajectories together with conventional soft-string torque and drag models have shown its limits in anticipating bottom hole assembly (BHA), casing or completion strings lock-up events. Hence, new methodology shall be introduced to better predict field observations. This methodology shows that the applicable tortuosity model may change depending on the directional driving system used. The drilled path or a motor, with a slide-rotate pattern, may be significantly different to that of the cyclical path drilled by a rotary steerable system (RSS). The case study shows that the additional tortuosity that was generated by the directional driving system had a significant effect on predicted hookload margin as well as elevated forces and stresses along the liner. The stiff string torque and drag and buckling model can analytically calculate the contact points which may vary significantly, both axially and radially, in a tortuous wellbore. Ultimately the selection and calibration of an applicable tortuosity model is necessary when performing a robust stiff string torque and drag analysis.

This ability to correctly apply a tortuosity model in preplanning reduces the risk of BHA, casing and/or completion strings getting stuck or locked-up when running in hole, paving the way for a reduction in non-productive time (NPT) and loss of equipment.
The Use of an Organic Crosslinked Polymer Sealant as a Barrier to Retrieve Stuck Coiled Tubing from a Live High Pressure Well After Over a Year: Case Study from Offshore Vietnam
Authors: Daohmareeyor Tuanangkoon , Wei Lock Deric Leong , Wattanasuwan Reawat
Published: August 2022

Coiled Tubing (CT) is a commonly used well intervention technique for sand/debris cleanout, milling, fishing, cementing, and gas lifting applications. Performing cement plug operations with CT in high-pressure live wells can present a relatively high level of risk of getting stuck, improper placement of cement plugs, and poor quality cement plugs. In this scenario, an offshore well in Vietnam was left with CT held only on the surface by the Blow Out Preventers (BOP) after getting stuck downhole more than a year previously. Retrieval of the CT was required without any downhole barrier in place and circumstances that made the conventional killing of the well difficult. This paper will discuss the equipment necessary, factors to consider in the job design, sealant design with lab testing, and describe the technique used to safely retrieve the fish from the well.

During the design phase of the solution, risk assessments were carried out to cover various scenarios such as:

Poor condition of one or more of the CT string, BOP, dual ball kelly cock valve, double flapper check valve. Inability of the Organic Crosslinked Polymer sealant to hold well pressure. Difficulty in latching the surface CT stump, and the potential requirement for freezing to establish a surface barrier.

Along with the specially designed sealant treatment, multiple yard tests for dressing the sheared CT and latching were performed to represent actual conditions during the operation and allow risk mitigation plans to be put in place.

Firstly, the barrier verification process was performed to monitor any well pressure build-up from the downhole/surface pressure reading to confirm a barrier was in place, allowing surface equipment to be rigged up. After this was confirmed, the equipment was rigged up, and a fluid circulation test followed by the inflow test of the double flapper check valve in the bottom hole assembly was performed to verify CT integrity. The first of the organic crosslinked polymer was then pumped to plug inside the CT before electric line (E-line) was run into the CT to cut at the free-point above the stuck location. The second organic crosslinked polymer was then placed to plug between the CT and annulus, forming a barrier allowing the makeup of the spoolable connector. Finally, retrieval of the 1,700 meters of CT string took place without any loss of well control.

Retrieving the CT from this high pressure well presented a lot of challenges. Achieving a safe and successful operation showed that with proper planning, design, and risk mitigation plans, a potential well control situation can be prevented with the well being secured and successfully returned to production. This paper can now serve as a guideline for future operations with similar circumstances requiring retrieval of stuck CT from high-pressure wells where it has been held on surface for an extended period of time.
Conceptual Casing Design for a HPHT Carbonate Development Project with High CO2 and H2S Contaminants
Authors: Ong Swee Hong Gary , Ungku Hamzah Ungku Syafena , Manson James , Abdul Razak Ahmad Hakam , Umar Lawrence , Kongpat Nitipong , Grant Colin William Graham , Wejwittayaklung Kittipat , Konganuntragul Pornchuda , Piyakunkiat Nuttapon , Abdul Rashid Khairul , Toempromraj Wararit , Chanpen Chakrit , Bandyopadhyay Parthasarathi , Bin Hamdan Mohamad Kamal , Jantasuwanna Prapaporn
Published: August 2022

HPHT wells are typically associated with high complexity, technically challenging, long duration, high risk and high NPT as many things could go wrong especially when any of the critical nitty-gritty details are overlooked. The complexity of this project is amplified with very high level of contaminants compounded by high pressure and high temperature environment.

In the conceptual planning phase for the upcoming development of such project where its scale and severity are unprecedented in the country/region, a fit for purpose casing and tubing design is critically important to ensure the well integrity over its design life is assured. At the same time, cost optimization can be achieved utilizing industry practices, testing and qualification of materials and vast learning from incidents and failures occurred in similar HPHT projects over the last three decades scattered around the world.

This paper intends to outline the challenges and optimization of casing design philosophy which is drawn upon various perspectives such as long term well integrity, drilling operations, working stress design, effect of compaction and subsidence, probability of failure analysis, multi-well thermal analysis, downhole material corrosion performance, connection performance and a combination of all the above in a holistic manner.

A particular focus would be discussing the delicate balancing act between satisfying the working stress design of downhole tubular versus the complexity of downhole material selection work. With the given challenging environmental condition, this points towards exotic type of CRA materials which require certain magnitude of yield strength deration attributed to the given environmental condition and their respective manufacturing processes.
A New Fracture Network Swept Volume Prediction Approach for Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Tao Liang , Kang Ning , Hu Kejian , Deng Xianan , Halifu Mirinuer , Zhao Yuhang
Published: August 2022

The continental shale oil reservoirs usually have strong heterogeneity, which make the law of fracture propagation extremely complex, and the quantitative characterization of fracture network swept volume brings great challenges. In this paper, firstly, the facture shape of volume fracture is described preliminarily. Secondly, the volume fitting model of seam mesh transformation was established by coupling the key geological engineering parameters by multiple nonlinear regression method, and the productivity numerical simulation method was used to correct the reconstruction volume. Finally, a new concept of fracture network swept coefficient is put forward to quantitatively evaluate the fracturing effect. The study results shown that fractures created during the volume fracturing of shale oil reservoir appear as a belt network made up of main fractures primarily and branch fractures secondarily in the shape of cactus, and the main factors affecting the fracture network swept volume are fracturing fluid volume, fracture density, brittleness index, pump rate, horizontal stress difference, net pay thicknessand proppant amount. The prediction method is verified by the typical platform in the field to be accurate and reliable. It can provide scientific basis for the evaluation of volume fracturing effect of horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs.
First Experience Matter: The Valuable and Great Learnings from Unfavorable Mud Acid Stimulation in S Field Gravel Pack Wells, East Malaysia
Authors: Bakar Hasmizah , Ravichandran Narindran , Hassan Hamidah , Abu Bakar Mohamad , Idris Khairul Nizam , Masoudi Rahim
Published: August 2022

Most of the S oil field producers experienced rapid decline in production and this is suspected due to fine sediment particle migration and plugging. The S field team had carried out external formation damage study as they have no expertise and field experience to determine the damage mechanism and evaluate the best acid treatment recipe for their formation damage. Recently, mixtures of traditional hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids have been used for the removal of near-wellbore damage in S field sandstone formations. The stimulation campaign in this field which has turbidite reservoir, high clay content predominantly by kaolinite and illite with high siderite mineralogy applied both bullheading and coiled tubing squeezing techniques. The treating fluid selection is highly dependent on mineralogical data and laboratory works. Based on the core flood testing performed, high strength mud acid is chosen as the main treatment fluid and gave superior result in permeability recovery as compared to milder organic acid and HF. Unfortunately, the actual field stimulation turned out to be opposite from the core flood testing outcomes. The situation is worsened in multistage treatments, which traditionally involve many repeat stages of preflush, main treatment, overflush and diverter. The mud acid stimulation prompted more water production and fine migration that is ended up with production curtailment. Only one out of four of the treated candidates resulted significant gain after gas lift valve change took place. This paper also will outline the reviews on results of laboratory testing and field actual performance together with the recommendations for future improvement. Stringent candidate selection, improved treatment fluids cocktail, operational challenges such as unanticipated longer flow back period, post treatment unwanted precipitation, ineffective diverter placement and skin build up post treatment are among of the learning points captured in this paper. From this unfavorable mud acid stimulation campaign which cost USD4million value leakage, our team comes out with best practices for future stimulation and key learning to share with industry colleagues who has no field background to combat with fine migration issue in their sandstone asset. Laboratory works is not the only paramount to any stimulation, success in stimulation is a journey, not a destination. The doing is often more important than the outcome.
Successful Application of Fishable and Sectional ESS Completion Technology for Sand Control _ A Case History in SHAD Field
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zhang Heng , Hu Jintong , Zhang Songjie , Yang Wenling , Yang Changlu , Yu Xueliang , Hao Yuhong , Wang Bin
Published: August 2022

SHAD oilfield, located in one of the fields with the highest onshore production in the Middle East; more than 70% of its production wells are flowing wells, with an average single well production capacity of more than 3000 bbl/d. Its main oil production formation is loose sandstone reservoir. The completion style of its production wells are generally completed casing perforation, and sand production is obvious after a period of exploitation. In the process of production, sand cleaning and sand discharging are often needed in the perforated section of oil well; however, after 3-5 years of production, serious sand burial still forces developers to give up the original production formation. In addition to the problem of sand production, there are many complex layers, some of them are oil-water layer, and the increase of water in the liquid production gradually affects the well flowing.

Fishable and sectional expandable sand screen (ESS) completion technology is developed to deal with sand production and the increase of water production. The upper of the original production formation of the old wells is as the new production formation. The new formation is divided into several sections due to different physical properties. Perforation is carried out at the same time for all sections. After this, each the ESS completion string is run into each section. The top sealing hanger and the bottom packer will seal each ends of the annular between ESS and perforating casing, thus to form independent production section. In later process of production, plugging tools is run for sections if needed, so as to realize selective open/ close of different sections. Special fishing tools are developed, combined with the mechanical plastic characteristics of ESS, which can realize the fishing of the completion string. This solves the problem of fishing long string, and provides good conditions for subsequent operations.

The research results show that two good results are obtained. One is that arranging several sections of ESS completion strings in the old well bore gives full play to the characteristics of ESS with strong flow capacity, good sand control effect, and is suitable for sand control in high-yield wells. The other is that selective open/close is realized for different sections which meets the sand control and production needs of in SHAD oilfield.

The research results have applied to 9 wells in SHAD oilfield, and the success rate is 100%. Among them, one single well is divided into three sections, and the production is stable, the sand production is near to 0, and the sand control effect is significant. The successful application of this technology fills up the gap of multi-stage ESS completion in the Middle East.
The First Application of a Coiled Tubing Catenary System in the Gulf of Thailand. A Technology Break Through for Offshore Facilities with Space and Weight Limitations
Authors: Uasetwattana Jantima , Kanchiak Surachai , Kornkitsuwan Chaichana , Saekoo Wijitra , Kitcharoen Tanyawadee , Wattanasuwankorn Reawat , Jiemsawat Nophadol , Toh Yea Lee , Azizan Yusri
Published: August 2022

Coiled Tubing (CT) catenary technology supports the possibility of executing offshore interventions on platforms with space and weight limitations. Having the majority of the CT equipment remain on a separate support vessel vastly increases the platform working area and minimizes offshore heavy lifting. The system allows the operation of well control and pumping equipment from the vessel for a single control source and an overall faster, safer, lower-cost operation.

Limited offshore platform space and crane capacity are a significant concern for intervention operations in the Gulf of Thailand. A conventional CT unit is simply unable to fit on a small offshore facility. The catenary system was introduced to eliminate these limitations by keeping the main CT equipment on the vessel while providing the connection and interface between the vessel and platform equipment, allowing a safe and efficient operation. It also has the flexibility to enable the vessel to adjust its location during bad weather if required, without affecting the overall safety of the operation. The same system can also be used on regular platforms without space and weight limitations during the same campaign.

The catenary system saved two days per well, resulting in savings due to less equipment utilization, reduced personnel, and accommodation requirements, and reduced consumables used. Less heavy lifts also saved time, associated costs, and increased safety during the preparation phase. The CT operator can also load the maximum length of CT pipe onto the vessel without concerns about having to join multiple strings or using split reel spooler equipment. All well control equipment was function tested and operated as standard with real-time monitoring and capturing of well conditions, operation parameters, and CT fatigue the same as expected from a conventional CT setup. The paper will elaborate on the catenary principles, concepts, and engineering background for these types of operations.

The CT catenary was proven to bring significant efficiency improvements, safety enhancements, and faster operations, leading to cost-saving when carrying out CT interventions in the Gulf of Thailand. The techniques and details will be elaborated on in the paper.
Stiff String Casing Design with 3D Orientated Casing Wear
Authors: Nobbs Benjamin , Aichinger Florian
Published: August 2022

The forces and stresses along a casing string are modelled using a stiff string torque and drag model. A post analysis of casing loads and stresses, considering wellbore tortuosity and centralisation is performed in addition to the effect of 3D orientated casing wear. A post analysis case study is presented to show the resulting effect on axial, burst, collapse and VME safety factor as well as VME body and connection design envelopes.

While running in hole (RIH) a tubular, the industry standard is to assume a smooth wellbore when performing a torque and drag calculation. The drilling process can cause significant local doglegs and ultimately increase the tortuosity of the wellbore. When applying a soft-string torque and drag model, it is possible that the stiffness, radial clearance, and high frequency surveys are not directly considered. The stiff string torque and drag and buckling model can model these effects, as well as the addition of rigid and flexible centralisers. This study involves the comparison of different casing design load cases, using the actual tortuosity of a drilled wellbore considering a 3D orientated casing wear.

The results show that there can be noticeable differences in overall axial stress with the addition of tortuosity. The stiff string model can directly calculate the additional bending stresses experienced by the tubular and this additional stress can be particularly prevalent while RIH casing with centralisers and high tortuosity. The reduction in API and VME stress envelope is also quantified using a 3D orientated casing wear model. A better understanding of axial stress state reduces risk of well integrity issues and can pinpoint areas along the casing in which special care must be taken during well intervention.

This paper will show the benefits of using a stiff string torque and drag model during casing design. Highly tortuous wellbores, especially ERD and HPHT wells, may exhibit stresses that are vastly different than assumed during preplanning phase. The design API/VME envelope may also be reduced due to casing wear.
First Global Application Combining Digital Engineered Breakdown with Pulsing Technique for Highly Conductive Fractures with Proppant Agglomerates, Improving Subsurface Behavior and Maximizing Reservoir Productivity
Authors: Palanivel Maharaja , Khalifa Mohamed , Fuser Colby , Seada Mohamed , Farouk Eslam , Abdel Baky Ashraf , Abdel Sattar Ashraf , Ali Yehia , Maher Ahmed
Published: August 2022

To evaluate and report the benefits of artificial intelligence driven digital engineered breakdown in a pulsed fracturing technique that has been successfully applied for the first time globally in the western desert of Egypt.

In this paper, we will discuss how the artificial intelligence driven digital engineered breakdown can affect the production performance of a pulsed fracturing treatment. When formation breakdown is controlled, there are several benefits observed in the fracture geometry and its placement. However, this has never been applied in a pulsed fracturing treatment where creating a dominant fracture is believed to provide better distribution of proppant agglomerates allowing for enhanced fracture conductivity created by void space between the agglomerates. The productivity benefits of the engineered breakdown will be evaluated.

A treatment combining both the pulsing technique and the digital engineered breakdown will be reviewed in details such as well geographic data, reservoir quality, openhole log interpretation, pressure response and production models after matching actual data. The treatment will be compared with offset well that was treated with pulsed fracturing technique but without the digital engineered breakdown.

Better pressure response was observed during the treatment and higher proppant concentrations were accepted by the formation with much favorable pressure response compared to offset wells. Post frac well tests indicate excellent production performance for the given reservoir quality observed from the logs in comparison to offset wells.

Digital applications in fracturing have been recently improving the way we stimulate formations. This novel combination of pulsed fracturing and digital engineered breakdown shows productivity benefits that is crucial in current market conditions to maximize efficiency of operators assets.
A Case Study on the Use of Machine Learning and Data Analytics to Improve Rig Operational Efficiency and Equipment Performance
Authors: Curina Francesco , Asokan Ajith , Bori Leonardo , Qushchi Talat Ali , Mitu Vladimir , Mustapha Hadi
Published: August 2022

Ensuring an efficient workflow on a drilling rig requires the optimization of the equipment output and the extension of its working life. it is essential first to identify equipment behavior and usage and evaluate their possible efficiency variation. This can lead to predicting possible upcoming usage trends and proposing preventive actions like adjustment to equipment working parameters to improve its output and efficiency. In this regard, machine learning and data analytics provide a clear advantage. This paper showcases a case study that makes use of machine learning to detect rig inefficiencies and optimize operations.

The platform has been implemented to first collect the rig data and then process it before sending it to be analysed. The rig used in this case study was connected to a platform that makes use of Internet of Things (IoT) protocols. Noise and redundancy of the data coming from the rig were standardized, filtered and therefore the outliers were removed. Feature selection was used to highlight, from the data pool, the most significant parameters for forecasting and optimization. These resulting parameters were then sent to the machine learning model for training and testing.

The processed data was then fed to system, which was developed in-house, to extract additional information regarding equipment efficiency. This system tracks the variations in equipment efficiencies.

The study focuses on the performance of an HPU powering a hydraulic hoisting rig which was showing low efficiency. IoT technology was used to collect live data from the field. The gathered datasets were cleaned, standardized and divided into coherent batches ready for analysis. Machine learning models were used to evaluate how the workload would change with tweaks to working parameters. Then, the study analyzed the rig tripping speed and how it was connected to HPU performance. For evaluation of tripping speed, the focus was given also to small operational changes which could lead to improved performance. When connected together, changes to both operating parameters and standard procedures can lead to improved efficiency and reduced invisible lost time.

Implementing the results allowed the rig to be operated at a higher efficiency, thereby increasing the life of the equipment while keeping the load within design conditions. This ultimately resulted in a reduction in operational time and failure of equipment and hence a major decrease in down time of the rig.
Leveraging Digital Transformation in the Well Construction Planning Process
Authors: Suryadi Hendrik G.
Published: August 2022

The well-planning process involves many parties collaborating and optimizing various design aspects to deliver the best well construction. There are still many challenges for a well-planning team to manage the process and formulate the best drilling program. Many tasks are cumbersome and time-consuming; ensuring coherency within various parts of the drilling program is also difficult.

Digital transformation integrates digital technology to create new or modify existing workflows that can fundamentally change how we operate and deliver value. The oil and gas industry is expecting to redefine its boundaries through digitalization. Leveraging digital technology can act as an enabler to tackle various challenges, improve efficiency, and provide greater value in all aspects of the oil and gas industry, including a well-planning process.

In this paper, the author discusses various examples of how digital technology is used in well planning and how it changes our way of working, improves working efficiency, and delivers better results. Cloud technologies provide a new platform for collaboration and break the working culture in silos. It also provides a new way to communicate, share information, and eliminate multiple data transfers and manual inputs. Cloud computations can scale the computing resource elastically, enabling simple to complex modeling. Engineers can simulate various scenarios more quickly to decide the best plan. Various automation, from smart input to auto engineering analysis, are used to minimize mistakes, provide real-time feedback while designing, and improve working efficiency. The use of big data and machine learning can improve the accuracy of engineering analysis and provide an advisory model that can minimize the risk and uncertainty during execution. All these digital technologies are implemented in a cloud-based well construction planning solution.

Many other digital capabilities learned from other industry applications are also implemented to improve user experiences. Examples are a notification system, open architecture to connect to other databases and cross domain information, a digital review-and-approve system, traffic light validation system, multidimensional visualization, and automated report generation for the coherent drilling program.

Leveraging the digital transformation in the well construction planning process through a cloud-based application enables the planning team to maximize the results by giving them access to all the data and science they need in a single, common system. The solution increases planning efficiency and enhances well designs through automated end-to-end workflows, cross-company and cross-domain collaboration, auto-validation, and integrated offset knowledge; this accelerates continuous improvement of well construction activities.