bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pertumbuhan Artemisia vulgaris Secara Kultur Pucuk pada Medium dengan Kandungan Mioinositol dan Ekstrak Khamir
Authors: Kasmiyati Sri , Herawati Maria M. , Kristiani Elizabeth B.E.
Published: February 2022

The effects of mioinositol and yeast extract were studied to assess their influence on growth of plantlets of Artemisia vulgaris by shoot culture. The plants regeneration of A. vulgaris were established by removing the nodes of stem and growing in MS multiplication medium with 1 ppm kinetin and 1 ppm NAA for 4 weeks. Shoots were induced for roots on MS treatment medium supplemented with mioinositol and yeast extract, added with 2 ppm IBA. Combination of four levels mioinositol concentration (mg/l): 100, 200, 300, and 400, and four levels of yeast extract concentration (mg/l): 0, 200, 300, and 400 were simultaneously added. Plantlets (2 weeks) were sub cultured on semi liquid MS medium. Plantlets were harvested on 6 weeks old. Measured parameters were fresh weight of plantlets. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by HSD test (p=95%). The results showed that the treatment of mioinositol and yeast extract were not significantly influenced on fresh weight of plantlets. Yeast extract was not influenced the growth of plantlets. The growth and morphogenesis of plantlets A. vulgaris were induced in treatment 100 ppm mioinositol, and addition mioinositol were higher than 100 ppm not significantly influenced the growth of plantlets.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Lumut (Musci) di Lereng Gunung Wani, Suaka Margasatwa Buton Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Windadri Florentina Indah
Published: February 2022

Diversity study on mosses at the slope of Wani mountain, North Buton Wild Life Reserve, South-east Sulawesi was conducted. There are 26 species belong to 14 genera and 8 families are recorded. Two genera i.e. Thuidium and Himanthocladium dominated in this area. Sixth species are recorded as “new record” to Sulawesi i.e. Barbella pendula,Calyptotheciumcaudatum, Himantocladium plumula, Pinatella ambigua, Taxithelium alare, and Thuidium investe.
Komposisi Guild dan Lebar Relung Burung Strata Bawah di Sipisang, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Novarino Wilson , Mardiastuti Ani , Prasetyo Lilik B. , Widjakusuma Reviany , Mulyani Yeni A. , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Salsabila Anas , Jarulis Jarulis , Janra M. Nazri
Published: February 2022

Guild composition and niche breadth are important point on avian studies. This paper describes the guild composition and niche breadth of understorey bird in Sipisang, West Sumatra. The study was conducted since May 2002 until October 2004 for approximately 10 days each month (totally 284 days or 51.120 net.hours). Fifteen mist nets were operated on ground level separately on three locations, which made 60 m line each. Mist nets were operated from 6.00 AM until 18.00 PM, and checked every two hours. The captured birds were identified, ringed, measured, weighted, photographed and released. In total 1061 individuals were captured during the study; those birds belong to 103 Species and 28 families. Based on guild, study area was dominated by insectivore-frugivore birds (IF) both in species and individual level. Meanwhile terrestrial frugivorous (TF) became the lowest one. Insectivore-frugivore also recorded has the broadest niche breadth. The bird communities dominated by small birds, which have weight lower than 30 g.
Produksi Rennet Mucor pusillus yang Ditumbuhkan pada Limbah Padat Tapioka (Onggok)
Authors: Choliq Abdul
Published: February 2022

The production of rennet enzyme extracted from Mucor pusillus in “onggok” medium the effect of incubation peptone and ammonium nitrate to enzyme production, and the effect of pH and temperature to the activities of rennet were found. The statistical method used is Completed Randomized Design with 3 replicates for each treatment, with the rennet activity in RU/ml enzyme extract. The rennet production was conducted in erlenmeyer (100 ml) that contain 17.5 g “dry onggok” and 50 ml solution of suspension used. The effect of incubation time was detected in three incubation times (4, 7, and 10 day), while effect of peptone and ammonium nitrate to the production of the rennet enzyme was detected in 4 concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%) for 7 days of incubation times. The effect of pH to the activity of rennet from the treatment of adding peptone 1% with 7 days incubation time was detected in 5 pH variation (5, 5.5, 6, 6.5 and 7) while the effect of temperature were detected in 5 variations (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50oC). The research results showed that the time of incubation, the addition of peptone and ammonium nitrate affected significantly to enzyme production of rennet Mucor pusillus in “onggok” medium. The highest production of the rennet enzyme products was in the addition of peptone 1% (12.53 RU/ml) with 7 days incubation time. On the treatment of temperature and pH, the optimum activity of rennet Mucor pusillus was in pH 5.5 (40.03 RU/ml) and the activity of rennet Mucor pusillus increased up to temperature of 50oC.
Aktivitas Antimutagen Isoflavon Glikosida Hasil Transglikosilasi Enzimatik CGT-ase Bacillus macerans
Authors: Sulistyo Joko , Soeka Yati Sudaryati
Published: February 2022

It has been known that isoflavone have biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacteria, antimutagenesis, and anticancer. Isoflavone aglycone uses such as genistein, daidzein and glycitein are limited since they are unstable and uneasily to dissolve in water. Through enzymatic transglycosylation reaction, its stability and solubility could be improved. In this study, genistin (isoflavone glycoside) was synthesized from genistein (isoflavone aglycone) by application of transfer reaction using enzyme cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGT-ase) of Bacillus macerans. Identification of the product was determined by TLC with methanol: chloroform (1:3, v:v) as eluent. Rf value 0.75 of the synthesized product was close to the Rf value standard of authentic genistin glycoside. The synthesized genistin was furthermore assayed to determine its antimutagenesis activity according to the Ames methode on E. minimal glucose media had been precultured with a mutant strain of Salmonella thypimurium TA98. The tested bacterial strain was induced with aflatoksin B1 as mutagen which had been activated with a lever homogenate. The result showed that the solubility and some biological properties of the synthesized genistin were improved higher than that of genistein, while it was found to be lower than that of the commercial genistin.
Dampak Deraan Kekeringan p ada Fase Inisiasi Bunga, Fase Berbunga dan Fase Pembentukan Polong t erhadap Pembentukan Bunga dan Buah p ada Empat Varietas Vigna radiata
Authors: Gaol Mangadas Lumban , Ruma Maria Longa , Sianturi Hery Leo
Published: February 2022

One of the greatest affected factors toward the growth of V. radiata is considered as the availability of water. Obviously, less production of V. radiata is due to short water supply. This research shows that flower initiation, flowering and fruiting to reproduction of four V. radiata varieties (Belu, Kenari, Perkutut and Murai), affected by drought are taken under this investigation. Based on numbers of initiated pod flowers and pods being produced, the most sensitive reproduction stages to drought in Belu variety were flower initiation and flowering, Kenari variety were flowering, Murai variety were flowering and fruiting, and Perkutut variety in all reproduction stages posses relatively similar level of sensitivity to drought. Generally, number of flowers initiated pods and the number of pods produced were higher in Kenari and Murai varieties compared to those on Perkutut and Belu. Based on numbers of flowers initiated pods and numbers of pods production, drought at flower initiation and flowering stage were more highly affected on Belu and Perkutut varieties compared to that of Kenari and Murai. Droughts on fruiting stage are highly affected on Perkutut varieties as well compared to other varieties. Therefore, based on plants production and their tolerance to drought, the best plants to be cultivated are Kenari and Murai.
Understanding Food (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Anugrahati Nuri Arum
Published: February 2022

Kata understanding menarik untuk dipahami, terutama bagi pembaca yang tertarik dan memilih untuk menekuni jalur ilmu di bidang ilmu aplikatif, seperti teknologi pangan. Buku berjudul Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation yang menyajikan informasi mengenai ilmu pangan, gizi, dan food service, baik yang berupa prinsip-prinsip dasar maupun tren terbaru di bidang teknologi pangan menjadi pilihan yang menarik untuk dibaca.
Insecticidal Activity of Extracellular Protein of PRU8 Isolate against Tenebrio molitor Larvae
Authors: Akhdiya Alina , Pratiwi Etty , Samudra I Made
Published: February 2022

Sel ataupun supernatan bebas sel dari kultur cair isolat bakteri entomopatogen PRU8 memiliki toksisitas tinggi terhadap larva Tenebrio molitor. Bioesei protein ekstrasel kasar hasil pengendapan amonium sulfat menunjukkan bahwa toksisitas tertinggi terdapat pada protein yang diendapkan pada kejenuhan amonium sulfat 70%. Pemurnian protein menggunakan kolom Hi Prep 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR menghasilkan satu fraksi protein toksin. Mortalitas larva uji yang disuntik dengan 19,2 nanogram toksin murni mencapai 71%. Uji toksisitas menggunakan toksin murni menunjukkan bahwa toksin tersebut termasuk kelompok toksin tipe injeksi. Berdasarkan analisa SDS-PAGE toksin tersebut tersusun atas dua protein dengan berat molekul 116,25 dan 66,24 kDa
Pertumbuhan dan Variasi Jumlah Kromosom Akar Rambut Morus macroura Miq. Hasil Transformasi dengan Beberapa Galur Agrobacterium
Authors: Ermayanti Tri Muji , Hastuti Dwi
Published: February 2022

Morus macroura Miq. (Moraceae) which is native West Sumatra is now classified as endangered species and usually used as furniture. This plant produces phenolic compounds. Generally secondary metabolites produced by plants are found in low level, therefore, in vitro techniques such as callus culture, cell suspension and organ cultures are the alternative methods to increase their in vitro production. However, problems on genetic instability such as variation in chromosome numbers and abnormality of chromosome structure are found. These cases influence the productions of secondary metabolites. Genetic variation could be overcome using hairy root culture. The aim of the research was to analyze the growth and chromosome numbers of Morus macroura Miq. hairy root transformed with Agrobacterium strains TISTR-511, TISTR-512, ATCC-15834 and R-1000 in order to determine the genetic variation of the culture. Growth was determined by measuring the fresh and dry weights of roots after 4 weeks in culture. Chromosome numbers was prepared by squashing. The results showed that transformed roots had higher growth compared to the growth of untransformed roots. The growth of hairy roots was varied depending on the strains of Agrobacterium. Both transformed and untransformed roots had high variation in the chromosome numbers. Genetic stability of both transformed and untransformed roots were low but they had similar pattern of distribution on the chromosome number. The roots had the diploid number of chromosome 2n=2x=28 ranged from 35.83 to 46.13% and the tetraploid numbers 2n=4x=56 ranged from 23.23 to 42.21%. Total cells examined were more that 230 cells.
Struktur Anatomi Epidermis Daun Lima Kultivar Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Berdasarkan Resistensinya terhadap Jamur Tepung (Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll)
Authors: Maryani Maryani , Prabawani Ratri Lila , Daryono Budi Setiadi
Published: February 2022

Powdery mildews are plant diseases caused by fungi, including Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll. They cause a decrease on leaves health. Plant resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll. might have a relationship to leaf anatomical structure, especially to epidermis. Therefore, the aim of this research was to characterize epidermal leaf structure of resistant and susceptible cultivars. This study used two resistant cultivars (PI 371795 and PMAR), one susceptible cultivar (Action 434) and two other cultivars (Fresh 848 and Sakata 144) which are not known their characteristic to powdery mildews. The fifth leaves (counted from the cotyledon) were collected from melon plants which reached early generative development. Leaf epidermal slides were prepared semi permanently. The results showed that the morphological leaves of resistant cultivars have dendatus leaf edges, while the susceptible one has repandus leaf edges. Anatomically, the leaves of PI 371795 had upper epidermal cells with wavy edges, but not in the others. Both PI 371795 and PMAR 5 had irregular shape of lower epidermal cells with curved edges, while leaf epidermal cells from susceptible cultivar tended to have irregular polygonal upper and lower epidermal cells with straight edges and shorter non-glandular trichomes. PMAR 5 had long glandular trichomes. There was significant difference between cultivars in the average of stomata number, the average of stomata index and trichome number on the lower epidermal tissue, but not on the lower epidermal tissue. In the lower epidermis, PI 371 and PMAR 5 had lower average of stomata number and stomata index compared to Action 434. PMAR 5 had higher number of trichomes than susceptible cultivar (Action 434). Meanwhile, Fresh 848 cultivar tends to have similar characters to resistant ones in terms of leaf edges, lower epidermal shape, stomata number and index. Sakata 144 had similar characters to those the susceptible one in terms on leaf edges, lower epidermal cells shape, stomata number and index, but not in trichome number. It may be assumed that the first protection of melon against S. fuliginea Poll. is located on lower epidermal tissue.
The Life Cycle and Sensitivity of the Local Copepod, Apocyclops sp to Tributyltin Exposure
Authors: Rumengan Inneke F.M. , Rumampuk N.D. , Sumilat D. , Rimper J.
Published: February 2022

Uji toksisitas tributiltin secara akut telah dicobakan pada kopepoda tropis Apocyclopssp. yang diisolasi dari tambak Manembo-nembo Bitung, Sulawesi Utara. Kopepodadikultur dalam kondisi laboratorium (25-27oC, 30 ppt dan tanpa penerangan) denganpemberian mikroalga Nannochloropsis oculata sebagai pakan. Semua individukopepoda yang digunakan sebagai hewan uji berasal dari sepasang induk jantan danbetina. Kopepoda untuk eksperimen tributiltin (TBT) diberi perlakuan dalam air lautdan selama eksperimen tidak diberi pakan, dan larutan stok TBT-Cl dilarutkandalam aseton. Pengaruh starvasi (tanpa pemberian pakan) dan aseton diamatisebelum uji toksisitas TBT dilakukan. Setiap eksperimen, 10 kopepoda dewasa (5jantan dan 5 betina) dari satu kohort dimasukkan ke dalam cawan petri (diameter 3cm) berisi masing-masing 10 ml air laut. Ternyata perlakuan tanpa pemberian pakantidak mempengaruhi kopepoda selama periode eksperimen. Dalam uji toksisitas TBT,hanya 3 individu yang dapat bertahan sampai akhir eksperimen (8 jam) walaupundengan konsentrasi terendah (0.0001 ng.l-1). Kebanyakan individu telah mati sebelum8 jam diekspos ke konsentrasi TBT 0.01 ng.l-1. Pada konsentrasi TBT yang lebihtinggi (0.1 dan 1 ng.l-1), tingkat kelulusan hidup kopepoda hanya 50% dalam waktukurang dari satu jam, sedangkan kopepoda yang sisa masih hidup semuanya sebelummati jam ke-4 yang diberi perlakukan. Dalam uji toksisitas ini, semua konsentrasiyang dicobakan ternyata lebih kecil dari rata-rata konsentrasi TBT di alam (10 ng.l-1).Kisaran konsentrasi TBT yang lebih lebar masih perlu diuji-cobakan untukmengklarifikasi efek akut TBT agar dapat diperoleh konsentrasi untuk uji toksisitassecara kronis.
Seasonal Activity of Metabolic Enzymes of Littorina littorea (Gastropoda: Mollusca)
Authors: Kaligis G. J. Fontje
Published: February 2022

Aktivitas musiman enzim pyruvate kinase (PK), dan citrate synthase (CS) pada otot kaki siput, Littorina littorea (Gastropoda, Littorinidae) telah diteliti. Enzim-enzim ini berperan sebagai enzim kunci pada rangkaian metabolisme (metabolic pathways). Perbedaan yang signifikan terlihat pada aktivitas adalah CS dan PK sepanjang musim. Aktivitas spesifik dari CS bervariasi antara 0,04 dan 0,4 μg berat basah dan PK antara 0,1 dan 1,7 μg berat basah. Aktivitas enzim tersebut lebih tinggi pada musim dingin dibandingkan dengan musim panas. Hubungan negatif antara suhu dan aktivitas enzim terdeteksi dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara suhu air dan aktivitas enzim CS, dan suhu air dan udara pada enzim PK (P<0.05). Teramati tendensi yang sama untuk prosentasi perubahan pada aktivitas enzim PK dan CS pada bulan pertama pengamatan dan bulan berikutnya. Hasil penelitian setuju dengan hipotesis yang mengatakan bahwa terdapat kemungkinan perubahan aktivitas enzim CS dan PK selama siklus musiman. Fenomena ini dibahas dalam pembahasan tulisan ini.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Streptomycetes dari Rizosfer Jagung (Zea mays L.) yang Berpotensi sebagai Penghasil Antibiotika
Authors: Ambarwati Ambarwati , Soegihardjo C. J. , Sembiring Langkah
Published: February 2022

In attempt to understand the diversity of Actinomycetes that is potential to be antibiotic producer, Streptomycetes were isolated and identified from soil sample taken from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of corn (Zea mays L.). The best antibiotic producers were identified by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis and the identification of antibiotic produced conducted by using Thin Layer Chromatography analysis. The result of the study showed that 58 isolates were assigned to 17 colour groups. Ten isolates among the representatives of 17 colour groups were found potential to be antibiotic producer. Four isolates out of 10 isolates could inhibit both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacilus subtilis FNCC 0060, one isolate could inhibit only Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and five isolates could inhibit only Bacilus subtilis FNCC 0060. But no isolate could inhibit Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0164. Among 10 isolates of antibiotic producer it was found that only one isolate (RNJ14) could strongly inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with inhibition zone diameter of 32.33 mm. On the bases of Thin Layer Chromatography analysis, the antibiotic produced by the isolate RNJ14 was identified to be lincomycin. Therefore it could be concluded that streptomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of corn (Zea mays L.) were potential to produce antibiotic.
Effect of AMF Inoculation on the Growth of Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq) on a Peat Soil from Central Kalimantan (For Restoration Ex-Mega Rice Project Central Kalimantan)
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Kabirun Siti , Radjagukguk Bostang , Sumardi Sumardi
Published: February 2022

Diperlukan teknik silvikultur dengan memanfaatkan jamur mikoriza arbuskula (JMA) untuk memulihkan hutan rawa gambut yang terdegradasi. JMA berperan penting pada pertumbuhan dan ketahanan hidup pohon-pohonan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan bentuk dari JMA di hutan rawa gambut yang sudah terdegradasi pada blok C bekas pengembangan lahan gambut satu juta ha di Kelampangan Kalimantan Tengah. Kondisi lahan hanya ditumbuhi vegetasi jenis-jenis pioner. Contoh tanah diambil dibawah perakaran lima jenis tanaman pioner (Melastoma sp, Combretocarpus sp, Acacia sp, Cratoxylon sp, dan Nephrolepsis sp), kemudian contoh tanah dihitung jumlah spora dengan metode saringan basah. Jumlah spora terbanyak ada di bawah perakaran tanaman Melastoma sp, kemudian Acacia sp, dan Combretocarpus sp. Didapatkan tiga genus JMA: Glomus, Gigaspora, dan Acaulospora. Penelitian di rumah kaca bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inokulasi JMA jenis Glomus sp TD15, Glomus sp D32, dan Gigaspora sp pada semai perepat (C. rotundatus). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan JMA memberikan pengaruh pada parameter semai yang diukur. Jenis JMA Glomus sp TD15 meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai perepat yang ditunjukkan oleh parameter tinggi semai, diameter semai, dan jumlah daun per tanaman. Pada media gambut semai C. rotundatus sangat tergantung pada asosiasi JMA dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman.
Pengaruh Pemberian Angkak Monascus purpureus terhadap Kualitas Mikrobiologis Feses Tikus Putih Hiperlipidemia
Authors: Yulinery T , Hardiningsih R. , Nurhidayat N.
Published: February 2022

Angkak is defined as rice fermented by Monascus purpureus, a lovastatin and pigmen producer. The objective of this research was to observe the effect of angkak powder to the digestion system represented by the quality of faeces. The in vivo bioassay was carried out using 20 Sprague-Dawley strain mice into 5 groups. First group was given angkak respectively 0.01g, 0.1g, 0.5g, and two groups of control (positive and negative). The faeces were examined each week for a month. The number or erytrosit, bacteria, and fungus were examined microscopically. The results showed that 0,01g, 0,1g, 0,5g of angkak did not significantly affect of bacteria, fungus and erythrocyte on faeces. The data suggest that the administration of angkak might be useful and safe for the hypercholestrolemic treatment.
Identifikasi Hama Penggerek Batang dan Deskripsi Kerusakan pada Tanaman Melina (Gmelina arborea)
Authors: Triyogo Ananto , Sumardi Sumardi , Trisyono Yohanes Andi
Published: February 2022

Gmelina arborea is one of the important trees for forest plantation. It is used for pulp, paper and plywood. Considering that G. arborea is an exotic type, this species has highly risk of receiving pest and diseases. This research was aimed to study the biological characteristics, attack pattern and distribution of stem borers. Studies were conducted in PT. Sumalindo (East Kalimantan). The sampling plot was 20x20 m2, and the plants were stratified based on the plant age. Observations were directed to determine the species of stem borers and the damage they caused. Xyleutes ceramica and Acalolepta rusticatrix were documented attacking G. arborea, with their damage intensity of 13% and 54.8%. These insect attacked 22% and 64.4% of the plant plantation.
Jenis Flora Asing Invasif di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat
Authors: Uji Tahan , Sunaryo, Sunaryo , Rachman Erlin , Tihurua Eka Fatmawati
Published: February 2022

Ecological study of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) at two altitudes in Mount Gede PangrangoNational Park was carried out by using quadrate method. The studied plots located at altitude1400 m and 1500 m a.s.l, in 0.2 ha each. The result shows that 45 species of trees, 77 species ofsaplings and 48 species of seedlings were recorded. Five species (i.e. Bartlettina sordida,Austroeupatorium inulaefolium, Cestrum aurantiacum, Brugmansia suaveolens and Passiflorasuberosa) are catagorized as IAS which threaten the ecosystem and natural species.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Gastropoda (Mollusca) yang Berasosiasi dengan Ekosistem Mangrove di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Authors: Mujiono Nova
Published: February 2022

A field research was conducted in Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK) to reveal the biodiversity of Gastropoda which live associated with mangrove ecosystem. As many as 793 specimens were collected and identified. These specimen consisted of 14 families, 27 genera and 59 species which could be classified into: Native molluscs (37 species, 62.71%), Facultative molluscs (5 species, 8.47%) and Visitor mollusks (17 species, 28.81%). Within Native molluscs, 19 (51.35%) from 37 species were confirmed as new records from TNUK since they had not been recorded before. One family of Facultative molluscs, the Onchidiidae (Onchidium chameleon, O. damelli dan O. patelloides) was confirmed as new record from mangrove of Java. Totally from 59 species found here, 33 species (55.95%) were confirmed as new records, the other 26 species had already been recorded by TNUK. Some interactions (predation, mating and aggregation) among individuals were also observed in the field.
Khelatisasi Ion Aluminium oleh Asam Organik Eksudat Akar Brachiaria
Authors: Hafif B. , Sabiham S. , Iswandi A. , Sutandi A. , Suyamto Suyamto
Published: February 2022

Aluminum toxicity is one of the major factors inhibiting plant growth in acid soils. Brachiaria grass adapt to high Al concentration. This experiment was conducted to study exudation of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) activated by Al, from Brachiaria roots and its potential in chelating Al. Three Brachiaria species, i.e. B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis and B. brizantha, planted in sterile sand culture and were treated with 5 Al concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 μM). After two-month experiment, three kinds of LMWOA, i.e, malic, citric, and oxalic acids, produced by the three Brachiaria-root exudates were measured in the sand culture. The production of malic acid was higher than that of citric and oxalic acid. Those organic acids were influenced by Al concentration; the higher Al concentration the higher organic acid content would be. The organic acids were also proved to form Al-organic compounds effectively of which B. decumbens and B. brizantha were more effective in chelating Al at relatively low Al (100 μM) and at relatively high Al concentration (300 μM and 400 μM), respectively.
Optimasi Produksi Poli-β-Hidroksibutirat (PHB) oleh Bacillus sp. PSA10
Authors: Yanti Nur Arfa , Margino Sebastian , Sembiring Langkah
Published: February 2022

A new strain characterized as Bacillus sp. PSA10 was found to produce poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) at concentration of 52.28% (g PHB/g dry cell weight) in shaken flask culture, using sago starch as a carbon source. This research is aimed to determine the optimum culture condition of PHB production Bacillus sp. PSA10 at laboratory scale. Optimization of PHB production was conducted in this research, in terms of inoculum concentration, concentration of the major components in minimal medium, environmental condition and incubation time. The result showed that optimum conditions for the production of PHB by Bacillus sp. PSA10 were achieved at minimal medium (Ramsay medium) with 5% (v/v) inoculum concentration, 2% (w/v) sago starch, 1.0 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 6.7 g/l Na2HPO4.7H2O, and 0 g/l KCl. The optimum environmental conditions were achieved with initial pH 7, temperature 37oC, agitation speed at 150 rotary per minute (rpm) and the best of incubation time was 48 hour. Under this optimum condition, the maximum PHB production by Bacillus sp. PSA10 increased from 52.28% to 71.35% (g PHB/g dry cell weight) at 48 hour cultivation. Therefore, Bacillus sp. PSA10 is potential to apply for PHB production from sago starch at industrial scale.
Keanekaragaman Laba-laba Pada Pertanaman Jambu Mete Monokultur dan Polikultur di Lombok Utara
Authors: Suana I Wayan , Haryanto Hery
Published: February 2022

Agricultural practice is suspected to influence the availability of spiders in cashew plantation. The aim of this research was to study the diversity of spider in two different agricultural practices: monoculture and polyculture. The research was conducted in cashew plantations in Desa Kayangan (monoculture) and Desa Salut (polyculture), Lombok Utara. Two trapping techniques were used to sample the spiders: sweep net and pitfall trap. In each study area, 10 sampling sites were selected along line transect that was 5000 meters long. The study found 36 species of spiders from 12 families. The diversity and richness of spiders were higher in the polyculture cashew plantation than that in monoculture. Habitat structure was more complex in the polyculture cashew plantation; hence many species of spiders were able to coexist there.
Kajian Molekuler Layu Buah Muda Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.): Ekspresi TcPIN1 Like Gene
Authors: Astuti Yohana Theresia , Dewi Kumala , Santosa Santosa , Prawoto A. Adi
Published: February 2022

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the expression of TcPIN1 like gene in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). DNA and RNA were extracted from 7 weeks old of both healthy and cherelle wilt cocoa pods. PCR was done with two primer set based on PIN1 sequenced of Arabidopsis. Primer PIN1-1: Forward: taaggtgatgccaccaacaa; Reverse: gccatgaacaacccaagact. Primer PIN!-2: Forward: tttgtgtggagctcaagtgc; Reverse: ctgcgtcgttttgttgctta. RT-PCR was done with primer PIN1-2. The results showed that TcPIN1-2 like gene was found in healthy young pods, but not availabe in cherelle wilt pods of cocoa.
Keanekaragaman Lumut di Kawasan Cagar Alam Dungus Iwul, Jasinga, Jawa Barat
Authors: Windadri Florentina Indah
Published: February 2022

Exploration and collection of the mosses species in Dungus Iwul Nature Reserve were conducted. Thirty eight species including 26 genera and 11 families were recorded. Three species had categories as endemic species i.e Fissidens teysmannianus and Orthomnion javense as endemic species in Java and Hyophila javensis as endemic species in Malesia. Ctenidium lychnites was recorded also as new species record in Java.
Penempelan Larva Siput Laut (Haliotis varia) : Suatu Percobaan di Laboratorium
Authors: Ompi Medy , Kawung Nickson , Calvyn Calvyn , Sondak F. A.
Published: February 2022

Settlement of abalone (Haliotis varia) focusing on substrate quality and larval behavior were studied. Four types of substrate, shell and mucous, algae Gracilaria sp and Halimeda sp, and plastic petri-dish were used to test whether the larva might respond and settle on those substrates. At the same time, the mortality of larvae was also determined during the settlement. Without petri-dish, substrate of shell and mucous, algae, as well as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plate were tested to find out substrate preferences when settlements occured. The result showed that variation of substrata, shell and mucous, algae and plastic “petri-dish” possessed a stimuli responded by larva to settle. Shell and mucous as well as substrate algae were attractive among of substrata, since high of settlement on it were recorded. High larval mortality on shell and mucous as well as on substrata of algae were recorded. Substrate of shell and mucous and alga were favorable to substrata when settling. Several factors affecting settlement of larval abalone were discussed.
Enkapsulasi dan Regenerasi Kalus Embriogenik Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Kultivar Bapang dan Gadung 21
Authors: Ermayanti Tri Muji , Nugroho Robertus , Hamim Hamim
Published: February 2022

The mother plant and genetic variability of Indonesian mango need to be conserved. Encapsulation is one of in vitro conservation used for many plant species. The aim of this research was to study the regeneration of encapsulated mango cultivar Bapang and Gadung 21 embryogenic callus after storage at -14, 3−5, and 26−27oC for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Embryogenenic callus was treated with 3% Na-alginate (in liquid 3M), then it was dropped into 100 mM CaCl2. Encapsulated callus beads were dehidrated and stored at -14, 3−5, and 26−27oC for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. After storage, the callus was cultured in 3M medium containing 2,4-D at 0, 1, and 2 mg/l for the regeneration. The results showed that after 8-week storage, callus of Bapang culticar was more viable (67.3%) and resulted more number of somatic embryos (191.6%) than Gadung 21 cultivar. The callus which was cultured in 3M medium without addition of 2,4-D was more viable (20.9%) and had more number of somatic embryos (1062.5%) than that which was cultured on medium containing 2,4-D. After 2-week storage, callus had viability of 7.6%. No storage callus formed more somatic embryos than storage callus. Storage at 26−27oC gave higher viability as well as higher number of somatic embryo than stored at -14 and 3−5 oC. The callus did not regenerate into shoots after storage at -14oC. Embryogenic callus could be stored at 3−5 and 26−27oC for 4 weeks.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Alga Merah dari Pantai Luk, Sumbawa terhadap Salmonella thypi dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yulianti Yulianti , Baso Manguntungi Asmawati Yunianti
Published: February 2022

Indonesia termasuk negara maritim yang memiliki sumber kekayaan alam laut yang melimpah. Salah satunya yaitu alga yang persebarannya hampir di seluruh perairan Indonesia termasuk di kawasan laut Luk, Sumbawa. Jenis alga potensial yang memiliki paling banyak kandungan senyawa metabolit primer dan sekunder adalah alga merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar alga merah dari pantai Luk. Penelitian ini meliputi pengidentifikasian alga merah berdasarkan ciri morfologi, dilanjutkan dengan mengekstraksi alga merah menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut akuades yang sebelumnya dilakukan tiga preparasi sampel yaitu pengeringan (27 °C), pemanasan (70-80 °C) dan pendinginan (-10 °C), masing-masing diuji dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% kemudian diuji secara in vitro terhadap Salmonella thypi dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil identifikasi dari tiga spesies alga merah yang didapatkan dari pantai Luk yaitu Gracilaria salicornia, Galaxaura sp, dan Halymenia sp. Pengujian antibakteri alga merah menunjukkan  zona hambat yang berbeda pada setiap spesies terhadap kedua bakteri patogen. Masing-masing ekstrak kasar alga merah memiliki metode preparasi ekstrak optimal yang berbeda. Zona hambat terbesar dari ekstrak Gracilaria salicornia terhadap S. thypi pada metode pengeringan dengan konsentrasi 100% dan terhadap S. aureus pada metode pendinginan dengan konsentrasi 60%. Ekstrak Galaxaura sp terhadap S. thypi pada metode pendinginan (100%), terhadap S. aureus pada metode pengeringan (80%). Ekstrak Halymenia sp terhadap S. thypi pada metode pemanasan (40%), terhadap S. aureus pada metode pemanasan (80%).
Kualitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Seduhan Teh Rambut Jagung (Zea mays) dengan Variasi Lama Pelayuan dan Usia Panen
Authors: Hartanto Giovanni Natasha , Yuliana Reni Swasti Franciscus Sinung Pranata
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh usia panen rambut jagung dan variasi waktu pelayuan terhadap kualitas dan aktivitas antioksidan pada teh rambut jagung. Pemanfaatan rambut jagung masih sangat minim, sehingga berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi teh celup. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial 2 x 3 dengan faktor lama pelayuan (0; 9; 18 jam) dan usia panen (muda, setelah 70 - 80 hari tanam; dan tua, > 110 hari setelah tanam). Parameter yang diuji meliputi kadar air (%), kadar abu (%), kadar serat kasar (%), angka kapang khamir (koloni/g), angka lempeng total (koloni/g), warna, kandungan total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan. Teh rambut jagung usia panen muda yang dilayukan 9 jam memiliki kualitas yang paling baik dengan dengan kadar air 4,48%, kadar abu 5,31%, kadar serat kasar 13,66%, total fenolik 19,83 μg/g (40 ppm), aktivitas antioksidan 44,56%, AKK 0 koloni/g, ALT 1,053 x 103 koloni/g yang memenuhi SNI 3836:2013 serta disukai panelis
Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Gastropoda di Pantai Seger, Lombok Tenga
Authors: Felicia Zahida,Ignatius Pramana Yuda Janaria Resdica Parorrongan
Published: February 2022

Spesies moluska di Indonesia begitu banyak, yaitu sebanyak 1.5000 jenis Gastropoda. Gastropoda merupakan hewan menarik dengan berbagai warna, ukuran dan bentuk cangkang, dan mempunyai distribusi luas yang dapat meliputi wilayah intertidal, air tawar, mangrove, ekosistem sungai, wilayah daratan dan pada wilayah laut dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan Gastropoda pada Pantai Seger, Lombok Tengah. Waktu penelitian yaitu pada bulan Februari-April 2018. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode transek kuadrat, plot 1x1 m, dengan lokasi sampling sepanjang 500 m, surut terjauh 50 m, jarak antarplot 10 m, jarak antargaris transek 50 m sehingga dihasilkan sebanyak 50 plot. Hasil keanekaragaman yang didapatkan berdasarkan indeks Shanon Wiener yaitu 2,96. Kelimpahan dengan nilai Densitas Tertinggi yaitu pada Famili Neritidae spesies Nerita albicilla sebesar 28,14 individu/m2. Hasil Da paling rendah yaitu pada spesies Monetaria annulus yaitu 0,0006 individu/m2. Spesies yang mempunyai nilai Frekuensi Absolut (FA) tertinggi yaitu Euplica scripta dengan nilai sebesar 0,61. Spesies yang mempunyai FA terendah yaitu spesies Engina maura dan Virroconus ebraeus sebesar 0,006.
Perbandingan Metode Isolasi DNA sebagai Templat PCR untuk Identifikasi Jenis Kelamin Cerek Jawa (Charadriius javanicus) secara Molekuler Menggunakan Primer 2550F/2718R
Authors: Pratomo Yulius Wahyu , Zahida Felicia , Yuda Pramana
Published: February 2022

In molecular studies, extraction can be time consuming and costly (especially in large scale studies), therefore some studies examine the success rate of amplification using alternative DNA isolation methods (without extraction). This study aims to determine the most effective DNA isolation method in Javan Plover molecular sexing by comparing several methods, such as extraction kit, alkaline lysis and direct PCR.This study used filter paper (5) and EDTA stored blood (8) as samples, and both sample types would be isolated using extraction kit, alkaline lysis, and direct PCR method. Molecular sexing was carried out using 2550F/2718R primer. The results showed that DNA in filter paper and EDTA stored blood, both using kit extraction, alkaline lysis and direct PCR, methods were successfully amplified with 2550F/2718R primer which produced 621 bp sized CHD1-Z and 459 bp sized CHD1-W band. The results suggested  that extraction kit is the most effective DNA isolation method for Javan Plover molecular sexing.  AbstrakDalam studi molekuler, ekstraksi dapat memakan waktu dan biaya saat diterapkan dalam penelitian skala besar, sehingga beberapa studi mengkaji tingkat keberhasilan amplifikasi menggunakan metode isolasi DNA alternatif (tanpa ekstraksi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode isolasi DNA paling efektif untuk molecular sexing Cerek Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 sampel darah kertas saring, dan 8 sampel darah EDTA yang diisolasi dengan metode ekstraksi kit, alkalin lisis dan PCR langsung. Molecular sexing dilakukan dengan primer 2550F/2718R. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa DNA pada sampel darah kertas saring dan EDTA, baik metode ektraksi kit, alkalin lisis dan PCR langsung, berhasil diamplifikasi dengan primer 2550F/2718R yang menghasilkan pita CHD1-Z dengan ukuran 621 bp dan pita CHD1-W dengan ukuran 459 bp. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ekstraksi DNA dengan kit menghasilkan DNA template yang paling efektif untuk molecular sexing Cerek Jawa.
Identifikasi Bakteri yang Berperan dalam Pengasaman Kedelai dalam Fermentasi Tempe Berdasarkan Sekuen 16S rDNA
Authors: Barus Tati , Widyah Widyah , Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Prasasty Vivitri Dewi
Published: February 2022

Proses fermentasi dalam pembuatan tempe di Indonesia terdiri atas dua tahap. Tahap pertama berupa perendaman kedelai untuk pengasaman kedelai yang penting bagi pertumbuhan kapang. Dalam tahapan ini jenis mikroba yang berperan adalah kelompok bakteri. Namun informasi tentang jenis bakteri tersebut masih terbatas. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jenis bakteri yang berperan dalam proses pengasaman kedelai saat fermentasi tempe. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dari tempe yang diambil langsung dari pengrajin tempe di Jakarta. Bakteri ditumbuhkan pada media Plate Count Agar, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe Agar, MacConkey Agar dan Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. Selanjutnya diuji perannya dalam pengasaman kedelai dengan pengukuran pH air rendaman kedelai dan selanjutnya bakteri tersebut diidentifikasi. Ditemukan isolat P211, P3a, Mc4b, B1p, dan Man2b berperan dalam pengasaman dengan menurunkan pH air rendaman kedelai dari 7 menjadi sekitar 4,7 hingga 5,8. Identifikasi berdasarkan sekuen 16S rDNA lima bakteri tersebut masing masing adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter sp., Lactobacillus agilis, dan Pantoea sp.  dengan kemiripan 98-100%. Selanjutnya, perlu diteliti tentang perannya dalam menentukan kualitas tempe.
Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Tanaman Suku Rubiaceae dan Aplikasinya dalam Sediaan Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Rasid Sriwahyuni Iskandar , Mursyanti Exsyupransia , Sidharta Boy Rahardjo
Published: February 2022

Tanaman suku Rubiaceae merupakan tanaman yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Kandungan senyawa aktif yang ada dalam tanaman suku Rubiaceae meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, fenol, dan minyak atsiri (antrakuinon) yang berpotensi sebagai senyawa antibakteri. Kandungan alkohol dalam hand sanitizer yang beredar di pasaran memberi rasa iritasi dan terbakar pada kulit jika digunakan secara terus menerus sehingga inovasi hand sanitizer dari tanaman suku Rubiaceae dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk membersihkan tangan. Hasil literature review ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan sediaan hand sanitizer tanaman suku Rubiaceae yang diuji aktivitas antimikrobianya dengan metode difusi agar dan broth dilution mempunyai daya antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dan E.coli. Sediaan hand sanitizer tanaman suku Rubiaceae juga memiliki kualitas karakteristik fisik seperti bentuk, warna, dan bau serta  stabilitas seperti pH, viskositas, homogenitas, daya lekat dan daya sebar yang baik. Kategori kualitas baik ini didasarkan pada kesesuaian SNI terkait kestabilan gel antiseptik.
Pemanfaatan Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz) Untuk Mengawetkan Ikan Pindang Tongkol (Euthynnus pelamis L.)
Authors: Atmodjo Kianto , Aida Yuniarti , Mursyanti Mursyanti
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research was to prove that galangale rhizome (Alpinia galanga L. Swartz) can be used to preserved “pindang” tuna fish (Euthynnus pelamis L.). The fish were cooked by galangale rhizome solution (the concentration were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/l b/v) for15 minutes. Then, the fish were stored in box, three fishes /box, and stored at room temperature for 6 days. Every day, The quality of fish were measured as colour, rubberness, taste, odor, total of bacteria and fungi. The result showed that there were decreased of the fish quality, spoilaged, and many fungi and bacteri growth after two days, and the level of spoilage of fish was influenced the increasing of galangale rhizome concentration. It concluded that the galangale rhizome can not use as “pindang” tuna fish preservative.
Produktivitas Primer Rawa Jombor, Klaten, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Anggraeni Belinda Dian , Jati Wibowo Nugroho , Zahida Felicia
Published: February 2022

Primary productivity of Jombor Swamp, Klaten has been assessed in order  to understand its water quality. The method used was using light-dark bottles incubated for 4 hours. Samples were taken between 6-10, 10-14 and 14-18 hour, under the depth  0.2, 1.5, and 3 m. The results showed  that productivity in April – 2.4 to 2.17 ppm, May –0.6 to 2 ppm, and June –2.1 to 3.4 ppm. The regression correlation of the productivity to phytoplankton`s density is y = -0.03 + 0.01 x and r = 0.76, productivity to light intensity is y = -5.04 + 0.01 x and r = 0.63, productivity to water depth is y = 0.56 + 0.12x and r = 0.31,  productivity to turbidity is y = 1,78 + 0.33x and r = 0.35, productivity to water temperature is y = 1.91 – 0.08x and r = 0.32, productivity to pH is y = 1.39 – 0.71x and r = 0.20,  and productivity to CO2 content is y = 1.77 – 0.11 and r = 0.29. Based on the overall findings, the water quality condition was classified as eutrophic.
Pengaruh Umur Panen Terhadap Kandungan Zat Gizi Biji Dua Varietas Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Hertiningsih Astuti
Published: February 2022

The objectives of the research is to study  the influence of harvest time on seed nutrition content of two varieties of peanut. The varieties of peanust are Gajah and Local varieties. The harvest was divided into eight time differences, as follow: 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56  and 61 days after flowering. The seed nutrition was measured as carbohydrate, protein,  lipid and water content. The data were analyzed by Anova and DMRT, and quadratic regression.  The research showed that nutrition content of seed is influenced by the time of harvest.
Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Pangan oleh Masyarakat Talang Mamak di Taman Nasional Bukit Tigapuluh, Jambi
Authors: Setyowati Francisca Murti , Siagian Mangasa Hiras
Published: February 2022

An Ethnobotanical study was carried out on a group of Talang Mamak tribe of the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, Jambi. The inter-relationship and the dependency of the tribe with the forest plant resources were reflected by their daily lives by gathering medicine and hunting. The tribe lives surroundings HPH of the Dalek Esa Raya Co. Ltd. A number of 92 plant species were used as their food. About 70% of the species recorded were gathered from the forests, and the rest (30%) were as cultivated plant. Various botanical aspects of each species with its usage and utilization methods were discussed.
Konstruksi Open Reding Frames (ORF) Artifisial Berukuran 798-bp yang Menyandi Protein dengan Urutan Asam Amino Acak
Authors: Prijambada Irfan Dwidya , Al-Awally Khotibul Umam , Rohman Muhammad Saifur , Artama Wayan
Published: February 2022

Penyusunan pustaka dari open reading frames (ORF) buatan yang tersusun atas 798 bp (pasangan basa), 576  di antaranya tersusun secara acak, yang mampu menyandi 266 asam amino telah berhasil dilakukan. Dalam upaya penyusunan tersebut diperoleh 32 transforman,  lima di antaranya membawa ORF buatan. Dari kelima transforman yang membawa ORF buatan tersebut, hanya satu transforman yang mampu berekspresi dan menyandi suatu protein. Protein yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran 17 kDa, berukuran lebih kecil daripada ukuran yang diharapkan yaitu 29 kDa.
Hubungan Kekerabatan Manusia dan Simpanse Jauh atau Dekat ? (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Lanni Fransiska
Published: February 2022

Jika kita ingin mengetahui bagaimana hubungan kekerabatan antara manusia dengan  simpanse, maka buku karangan Jonathan Marks berjudul 'What it means to be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes" ini cukup membantu. Setelah Allan Wilson (1985) mengemukakan bahwa 98,5% material genetik simpanse sama dengan material genetik manusia, banyak orang bertanya-tanya mengapa perbedaan yang hanya 1,5% tersebut, membuat manusia dan simpanse secara fisik jauh berbeda dan terpisah menjadi spesies yang berbeda selama jutaan tahun.
Distribusi Defisiensi Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) pada Berbagai Populasi Masyarakat di Indonesia
Authors: Lanni Fransiska
Published: February 2022

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy, nearly 400 different biochemical variants of the enzyme have been described worldwide.  The heterogeneity of these abnormal hemoglobins are very extensive in some populations such as the results of malarial natural selection and the use as genetic markers for certain populations.  As in  others malarious areas in Southesat Asia, the presence of G-6-PD deficiency in most Indonesians might be prevalent. Nevertheless the frequencies and epidemiological distribution of these hereditary blood diseases among Indonesians has not been well known yet.  This study  have screened  2 059 unrelated, apparently healthy adult blood samples from 17 different populations. The present investigation had  shown that the G-6-PD deficiency was commonly found in lesser Sunda populations sampled, hold beyond Bali to the east in significant frequencies range from 5% to 13.5%.