bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran Biologi Konsep Sistem Ekskresi menggunakan Teknologi Augmented Reality terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) Peserta Didik di SMAN 2 Maros
Authors: Dewi Shary , Riyanti Rika
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penggunaan Teknologi Augmented Reality dalam Pembelajaran Biologi Konsep Sistem Ekskresi terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) Peserta Didik di SMAN 2 Maros. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan Simple Random Sampling dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 2 SMAN 2 Maros tahun ajaran 2023-2024. Pada pembelajaran biologi konsep sistem ekskresi, peserta didik diajar menggunakan teknologi augmented reality. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi keterampilan proses sains sebanyak 10 item yang tervalidasi. Data penelitian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat indikator yang terpenuhi oleh subjek berkategori sangat baik dan baik. Persentase rata-rata Keterampilan Proses Sains berkategori sangat baik pada indikator observasi sebesar 86,97%. Sedangkan persentase rata-rata Keterampilan Proses Sains berkategori baik pada indikator klasifikasi sebesar 73,74%, indikator interpretasi sebesar 61,82%, indikator prediksi sebesar 64,85%, indikator mengajukan pertanyaan sebesar 64,55%, indikator berhipotesis sebesar 69,70% dengan kategori, indikator merencanakan percobaan sebesar 74,85%, indikator menggunakan alat/bahan sebesar 79,39 %, indikator menerapkan konsep sebesar 79,70%, dan indikator mengomunikasikan sebesar 75,45%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan teknologi augmented reality dalam pembelajaran khususnya untuk keterampilan proses sains memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik.
Detección de objetos para personas con discapacidad visual utilizando Machine Learning
Authors: Martinez Mariela Paola Espinoza , Rios-Campos Carlos , Gastelumendi Dora Victoria Vásquez , Castillo Carlos Alfonso López , Arias Susana Charmaine Di Lorenzo , Chavarria Iris Evelin Loor , Llontop Rosa Felicita Gonzáles , Rodríguez Abner Díaz , Zaquinaula Irma Rumela Aguirre , Guevara Manuel Fernando Terrones
Published: October 2024

El amplio campo de aplicación del Machine Learning proporciona una herramienta poderosa al servicio del ser humano, en este caso particular el objetivo es construir un prototipo para la detección de objetos utilizando Machine Learning para personas con discapacidad visual en el Ecuador, este prototipo consiste en un sistema de reconocimiento de objetos en tiempo real basado en Machine Learning, diseñado para proporcionar asistencia a las personas con discapacidad visual en su vida cotidiana integrando un sintetizador de voz que proporciona anuncios auditivos a los elementos detectados. Dentro del proceso de diseño se seleccionó un modelo pre-entrenado por sus características de eficiencia usado en sistemas de hardware limitados. Los resultados indican una evaluación positiva siendo capaz de detectar y clasificar objetos en tiempo real, alcanzando valores de precisión razonables. Los costos demuestran que es viable y sus características de portabilidad, y estabilidad de la alimentación mediante baterías demuestran su efectividad de uso, este trabajo presenta un avance en la asistencia a las personas con discapacidad visual mediante el uso de tecnología de vanguardia, facilitando su independencia y mejorando su calidad de vida.
Contribution and challenges of private investment in the revitalization of Jijel's Colonial Center (Algeria)
Authors: Mohdeb Rachid , Saraoui Selma , Attar Abdelghani , Blibli Mustapha
Published: October 2024

The rapid urbanization in Algeria, driven by substantial demographic growth and rural migration, has resulted in the neglect of historic city centers in favor of suburban areas. However, since the 2000s, a growing awareness has prompted urban revitalization and building renovation initiatives, primarily in major cities like Algiers, Oran, and Constantine. Meanwhile, older districts in small and medium-sized towns have been left to deteriorate, lacking appropriate renovation projects. Urban management authorities tend to enforce regulations without adopting a holistic approach to urban planning. In Jijel, a town located in northeastern Algeria, a specific colonial center has experienced rapid deterioration, despite its relatively young age, due to unique circumstances. The limited involvement of the public sector has paved the way for private investment. Property developers have played a pivotal role in the renovation, focusing on collective housing projects complemented by ground-floor commercial spaces. This study aims to analyze the role and impact of private investment on the colonial center, with a specific focus on the exclusivity of this investment and its effects on attractiveness and revitalization.
LABORATORY INFECTION COMPARISON OF THREE CATFISH SPECIES WITH Ligictaluridus floridanus (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae)
Authors: Benavides-González Flaviano , González-Castillo Victoria , Montelongo-Alfaro Isidro Othoniel , De la Cruz-Cervantes Jesús Alberto , Zúñiga-Cortés Andrés , Parra-Bracamonte Gaspar M. , Rábago-Castro Jaime Luis , Pérez-Castañeda Roberto , Vázquez-Sauceda María de la Luz , Blanco-Martínez Zeferino , Garrido-Olvera Lorena , Sánchez-Martínez Jesús Genaro
Published: October 2024

This study looked at the prevalence, abundance, and mean intensity of the parasite Ligictaluridus floridanus (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), hybrid catfish (I. punctatus x I. furcatus), and the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), an exotic, non-local species. The channel catfish was the most susceptible to L. floridanus infection, followed by the hybrid catfish with a 100 % prevalence. The striped catfish was the least susceptible, and although the parasite was detected once, this species does not seem susceptible to long-term infection.
Estimation of the Unemployment Rate in Indonesia Using Nonparametric Spline Regression
Authors:   Mathematics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Jl. HR. Soebrantas No. 155 Simpang Baru, Panam, Pekanbaru, 28293, Marizal Muhammad , Yofi Widya Tamaka ,   Mathematics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Jl. HR. Soebrantas No. 155 Simpang Baru, Panam, Pekanbaru, 28293
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic impact is not only on health but on all aspects of life, one of the socio-economic aspects is unemployment. The linear regression be used as a method in modeling the unemployment rate frequently. Whereas linear regression is inappropriate for data that have trends or irregular relationship patterns such as unemployment rate data. Therefore, this research used of the nonparametric spline regression method. It can produce more flexible curves according to the flatline of data based on optimum knots at the optimum value of the cross validation. There are several factors suggested that affect the Unemployment Rate (TPT ), including the number of positive COVID cases, labor force participation rate, economic growth and human development index. The purpose of this study is to find out if there is a difference between the open unemployment rate (TPT) in Indonesia before and during the pandemic. The Data used are secondary data obtained from Badan Pusat Statistika (BPS). The calculations results show that there are differences between the models of the unemployment rate before and during the pandemic. Generally there are three significant variables in the before the pandemic model: variables of economic growth (PE) and the human development index (IPM), while during the pandemic the significant variable are the labor force participation rate (TPAK) and economic growth (PE).
Comparative Corrosion Inhibition Test Study in Phosphate Buffer Saline for 316L Stainless Steel with Electrospun PCL Coating with Different Additives
Authors:   Biomedical Engineering, Kastamonu University, Faculty of Enginnering and Architecture, Kastamonu, Türkiye, Kamberli Ersin , Kadhim AlFalah Mothana Ghazi ,   Materials of Engieering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al–Qadisiyah, 58002, Al–Qadisiyah, Iraq, Kandemirli Fatma ,   Biomedical Engineering, Kastamonu University, Faculty of Enginnering and Architecture, Kastamonu, Türkiye
Published: October 2024

In this study, ten different contents of PCL-based nanofibers containing ZnO, CuO, NiO, 2F TSC, 4F TSC and graphite additives (PCL+Graphite+CuO+NiO+ZnO, PCL+ZnO+Graphite, PCL+ZnO+NiO+CuO, PCL+ZnO, PCL+Graphite, PCL+ZnO+2F TSC, PCL+ZnO+NiO+CuO+4F TSC, PCL+ZnO+NiO+CuO+2F TSC, bare PCL, PCL+ZnO+4F TSC) 316L stainless steel (SS) surface was coated. After coating with these different types of nanofibers, measurements were taken with electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for 1 hour to investigate the corrosion inhibition properties. According to the results, the PCL+Graphite+CuO+NiO+ZnO coating provided the highest corrosion inhibition with a protection efficiency value of 98.83%. The PCL+4F+ZnO coating had the lowest inhibition property with a protection efficiency value of 40.72%. At the end of the tests, Nyquist, Bode, Tafel, OCP diagrams of the coatings were obtained and equivalent circuit models were presented.
FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ CHOICE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Yunus Aliyu , Jamiu Abdur-Rafiu , Jayakumar P.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to find out what factors influence students' decisions to study Islamic studies in secondary schools in Ilorin, Kwara State. The researchers choose to use the descriptive research method. A questionnaire was utilised to gather data. The study's population consisted of 20 students who were picked from 10 schools using the simple random selection technique. The validity of the instrument was determined by experts in Islamic Studies, measurement, and evaluation. The gathered data was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were employed to present the demographic data of the respondents, answer research question one and ANOVA was also employed to address the research hypotheses that were formulated. The study findings indicate that parental influence, teachers' attitude, teaching techniques, and the use of technology (instructional media) are the elements that determine students' selection of Islamic studies in secondary schools in Ilorin. The study also found that gender had no impact on students' views of the factors that drive their choice of Islamic studies. Consistent with the findings of the study, parents were recommended to actively promote and inspire their children to opt for Islamic education. Teachers are strongly encouraged to continue using effective teaching methods and providing support to their pupils, while also having a positive and friendly relationship with them.
الأوضاع الاقتصاديَّة للمغرب الإسلاميِّ وثرواته الطَّبيعيَّة في الرَّوض المعطار للحِميَري (ت. 900هـ/1495م) – دراسة تاريخيَّة
Authors: القبَّج عامر أحمد
Published: October 2024

تتناول هذه الدِّراسة الثَّروات الطَّبيعيَّة والأوضاع الاقتصاديَّة في بلاد المغرب الإسلامي من خلال كتاب الرَّوض المعطار للحِميَري (ت. 900هـ/1495م)، الذي يُظهر توفُّر مصادر المياه اللازمة للزِّراعة وخِصب أراضيها السّاحليَّة والدّاخليَّة وتعدُّد مزروعاتها، وأهمّها القمح والشَّعير والبقوليّات، والزَّيتون والنَّخيل والتُّفاح والعنب والسَّفرجل واللوزيات. واشتُهرت بلاد المغرب بغناها بالثَّروة الحيوانيَّة، والنَّحل بهدف إنتاج العسل، والثَّروة السَّمكيَّة والمرجان، فضلاً عن المعادن الطَّبيعيَّة، كالذهب والنُّحاس والحديد والملح. وانتشرت الصِّناعات النَّسيجيَّة القطنيَّة والكتّانيَّة والصّوفيَّة والحريريَّة في معظم مدن بلاد المغرب. ونظراً لغناها بالثَّروة الحيوانيَّة فقد ازدهرت فيها الصِّناعات الجلديَّة. أما في الموانئ الواقعة على سواحلها فقد أقيمت عديداً من دور إنشاء السُّفن؛ بسبب توفُّر الخشب والقطران والحديد اللازمة لصناعتها. واعتمدت الصِّناعات الغذائيَّة على المنتجات الزِّراعيَّة والحيوانيَّة، كما تطرَّق الرَّوض المعطار إلى بعض الصِّناعات العلاجيَّة، باستخدام الأعشاب البريَّة الطِّبيَّة. أخيراً، لعبت التِّجارة الدّاخليَّة والخارجيَّة في بلاد المغرب، دوراً كبيراً في ازدهار أوضاعها الاقتصاديَّة، فانعكس ذلك كلَّه إيجاباً على أحوال النّاس المعيشيَّة.
Quality Assessment of Electrical Equipment using ANOVA and Linear Regression Techniques
Authors: Nutu Catalin Silviu
Published: October 2024

The article concerns utilization of linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a set of data regarding the quality of electrical equipment. More precisely, this set of data concerns the nonconformant housings of electric motors for different diameters of housings. Both statistical methods, linear regression and ANOVA are employed to analyse this data with regard to their linear dependency and to check whether this data is likely to come from groups with the same mean.
Understanding teacher research: benefits and misconceptions
Authors: Sarimsakova Dilafruz
Published: October 2024

Teacher research (TR) has various forms such as action research, collaborative action research, exploratory action research, exploratory practice, evaluative research, and lesson study. Teacher research plays a crucial role in enhancing best classroom practices and empowering teachers to continue their professional development. This article defines TR, discusses its common types, its benefits for teacher educators, practitioners, teacher-researchers as well as student-teachers. It also addresses common misconceptions about TR and highlights its importance as an effective CPD activity.
Theories of foreign and second language acquisiton
Authors: Abduganiyeva Khusnida
Published: October 2024

Theories of foreign and second language acquisition examine how learners acquire languages beyond their native tongue. These theories offer insights into the cognitive, social, and environmental factors that influence language learning. While some theories emphasize innate abilities, others focus on the importance of interaction, cognitive development, or the role of external input and social contexts. This article presents observations on how language learners from diverse backgrounds learn English in different ways.
1-2-sinf oʼquvchilarining ingliz tilida leksik kompetentsiyasini rivojlantirishda “Guess What!” darsligining imkoniyatlari
Authors: Abdullayeva Madinabonu
Published: October 2024

Respublikamizning barcha taʼlim turlarini modernizatsiyalash bugungi kunning eng dolzarb masalalaridandir. Zero, mamlakatimizda uzluksiz taʼlimning barcha bosqichlarida chet tillarni xususan, ingliz tilini oʼqitish jarayonini zamonaviy yondashuvlar asosida tashkil qilish bosqichma-bosqich amalga oshirilmoqda. А1 daraja sohiblarida leksik kompetentsiyani rivojlantirish, darslik mavzularini oʼrganish jarayonida turli mavzularga oid boʼlgan yangi soʼzlarni oʼzlashtirish va takrorlashlar orqali mustaxkamlab borish bilan amalga oshiriladi. Аyni damda davlat umumtaʼlim maktablarida 1-2sinflarda ingliz tilini oʼrgatish uchun yaratilgan yangi tahrirdagi “Guess What!” darsligi bir qator ijobiy afzalliklarga ega. Mazkur maqolada ushbu darslikning boshlang’ich sinf o’quvchilarining leksik kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishdagi imkoniyatlarini tahlil qilamiz.
Acquisition of Economic and Soft Skills among OVC in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Salami, I. A. Salami, I. A. , Akinjobi, A. Akinjobi, A. , Adeniyi, O. A. Adeniyi, O. A. , Salami, O. M Salami, O. M , Rabiu, A Rabiu, A , Olaleye, D. O. Olaleye, D. O. , Sulaimon K. T. Sulaimon K. T.
Published: October 2024

The achievement of the goal of primary education in Nigeria, which targets giving every child the opportunities to develop life manipulative skills, has been a challenge among primary school leavers, most especially the Orphan and Vulnerable Children (OVC). In most cases, the limited resource accessible to the homes has not allow giving the OVC educational opportunity to secondary level. Despite the introduction of some pre-vocational subjects such as Home Economics and Agriculture into the primary school, there is no empirical or physical evidence to show that the pupils are equipped with much life manipulatives skills such as economic and soft skills. This study adopted descriptive survey to investigate the acquisition of economic and soft skills among OVC in some selected southwestern states of Nigeria. The study reveals that the economic skills of the OVC pupils were fairly developed (mean = 1.52). The economic sub-skills of endurance (Mean = 1.57) and self-dependence (mean = 1.51) were the most and least developed respectively. The soft skills of the OVC pupils were fairly developed (mean = 1.76) among other findings. Appropriate recommendations were proffered to enhance the development of economic and soft skills among the OVC in southwestern Nigeria.
Project Schedule Delays and Associated Circular Impacts of Socio-Economic and Environmental Issues that can Affect Sustainability Footprint of Mega-Projects.
Authors: Husain S.M. , Weerasiri Dr. Sudath , Kamrul Hasan Dr. Md. Kamrul
Published: October 2024

The Padma Multipurpose Bridge and the Dhaka Metro Rail mega-projects in Bangladesh have significantly influenced regional identity and culture. Both projects, with costs of US 2.8 billion respectively, experienced substantial schedule delays of up to 9 years. This study examines the socio-economic and environmental impacts of these delays, focusing on the circular effects they create. Circular effects refer to reinforcing feedback loops between socio-economic factors (such as employment, income, and displacement) and environmental factors (such as land use and resource depletion) that exacerbate delays and hinder sustainable development. A qualitative approach was employed, using a multiple case study design to ensure depth and context. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 engineers and 40 beneficiaries, selected via purposive sampling to represent diverse stakeholder perspectives. In addition, sentiment analysis was conducted on media reports to capture public perception of the project delays. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, allowing for the identification of recurrent patterns, including the socio-economic and environmental impacts contributing to the delays. The analysis revealed seven key factors contributing to delays: inadequate project planning, frequent design changes, miscommunication among stakeholders, and lack of contractor engagement, among others. Each of these factors created a ripple effect, wherein socio-economic disruptions (such as job losses and reduced income) exacerbated environmental impacts (such as extended land use and resource depletion). This cycle, in turn, led to further project delays. Addressing these circular effects is essential for breaking the chain of delays and their compounding impacts on sustainability. Based on the findings, the study recommends the adoption of advanced technologies, the use of sustainable materials, and the implementation of robust project monitoring systems. These recommendations are grounded in the evidence collected, which showed that addressing the root causes of delays could significantly reduce both the socio-economic damage and the environmental footprint of mega-projects. By implementing these solutions, future projects can achieve more efficient timelines and promote sustainable development.
Does Demographic Backgrounds Affect Agricultural Drone Technology in Granary Areas?
Authors: Muhammad Khalil Nur Ieffah , Man Norsida , Ramli Nurul Nadia
Published: October 2024

The adoption of technology in paddy sector appears to have coincided with the advancement of the country’s development, as the agricultural sector is likewise undergoing the Industrial Revolution 4. Over the years, the Malaysian rice production system has faced a number of challenges, including extreme weather conditions, poor soil fertility and nutrient management, farmers’ lack of awareness and knowledge, reluctance to use genetically modified planting materials, and poor technology deployment. Despite the adoption of drone in the paddy farming is seem gradually increasing, the factor effecting the adoption remains unclear. Thus, this study investigates the association between socio-demographic profiles and their adoption towards drone technology in selected granary areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 paddy farmers using a self-administered questionnaire, selected through cluster random sampling. Result found that there are no association between age, education level, experience, farm size and income. The finding recommend that government should provide opportunities for all paddy farmers regardless their background in adopting drone technology to improve the modernization in paddy industry.
ETYMOLOGY AND SEMANTIC TYPOLOGY. REGULARITY OF SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIAN VERB VOCABULARY
Authors:   Institute of Bulgarian Language “Prof. Lubomir Andreychin”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Fuchedzhieva Krasimira
Published: October 2024

The study is focused on the semantic aspect of etymological analysis. It is mainly oriented towards the etymological lexicographic practice in the “Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary” (BER) and focuses on revealing the typology of semantic changes within an etymological nest. A systematic approach is applied to the analysis of derivational processes within the Proto-Slavic ablaut sequence *per-/ *pьr-/ *pаr- and the regularity of the semantic shifts under study is demonstrated, and an attempt is also made to establish semantic features the basis of which the development takes place. The study is monolinguistic, based on Bulgarian linguistic material extracted from the BER, and is diachronically oriented, but in a number of cases a synchronic approach of analysis is also applied in order to bring out some typological features which can also be detected at the diachronic level. The establishment of semantic regularities and the demonstration of regularity in semantic development is a necessary support for the etymologization of a large volume and diverse lexical material. The results of the study can be the basis for various research works in the field of semantics, both in synchronic and diachronic terms.
DIRECTIONS OF MIGRATION FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT TIME; TODAY‘S BULGARIAN EMIGRANTS IN THE MOST DISTANT PLACE FROM US
Authors:   University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Issa Katya
Published: October 2024

The directions and problems of migration from and to Bulgaria during different historical periods are analyzed in this text. Emphasis is placed on the interpenetration of different languages. The processes of adaptation on the part of the Bulgarian emigrants around the world to the new country, of integration with its population, lead to an increasingly intensified use of the foreign language, while the functions of the first (native Bulgarian) are encapsulated only in a domestic environment. For a certain period of time, an intermediate speech state, mixed speech, is created, and after a while, entire constructions from the first language are gradually replaced by foreign ones, until the foreign language becomes the only one in the emigrants‘ communication. This leads to “de Bulgarianization”, “identity vacillation”, retreat from national values. The algorithm of the process is related not only to the time, but also to the place where our compatriots are. The examples in the text are from Australia - the “farthest place”, whose location influences both ethnic self-determination and (mostly) the degree of mastery of the Bulgarian language.
Petrochemistry and Tectonic Setting of the Phroa-Wiang Pa Pao Granitic Rocks, Chiang Mai, and Chiang Rai Provinces, Central Granitic Belt of Thailand
Authors: Jundee Patcharin Kosuwan , Chaiwchan Sunanthawat , Inthacharoensarn Sumalee , Phajuy Burapha , Nontarak Pramote
Published: October 2024

The Phrao-Wiang Pha Phao granitic rocks are crop out along Highway Number 1150 (Phrao-Wiang Pa Pao) in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces. The geologic investigation as field observation, lithology, petrography, geochemistry, and tectonic interpretation applied for this study. The least-altered 19 rock samples were collected and performed in stained rock slabs for modal analysis and standard thin sections for petrographic analysis. Based on the Quartz-Alkali Feldspar-Plagioclase diagram for plutonic rocks, the rock samples in the Phrao area are granodiorite, and one is biotite-monzogranite, while most of the rock samples in the Wiang Pa Pao area are biotite-monzogranite. The petrographic investigation for rock samples indicated that granitic samples have medium to coarse-grained and show porphyritic texture. The orthoclase phenocrysts are sitting in the groundmass and are composed of quartz, plagioclase, and orthoclase feldspar, with a minor amount of biotite, muscovite, apatite, zircon, titanite, and opaque minerals. The granitic samples can be classified as granodiorite to monzogranite, which is high-K calc-alkalic affinity and peraluminous S-type based on geochemistry. Based on the normative mineralogy calculation, the rock samples were composed mainly of normative quartz, plagioclase, and orthoclase, with minor corundum, hypersthene, magnetite, ilmenite, apatite, zircon, and chromite. The S-type granitoid supported by normative corundum and Na2O/K2O ratios less than 0.49 at Na2O ranging from 1.53 - 2.35 wt %. Their tectonic setting of formation appears to be a post-orogenic environment (post-collisional granite) of the Sibumasu and the Indochina blocks. The Phrao Phrao-Wiang Pha Phao granitic rocks are a part of the Central Granitic Belt and are related to tin-tungsten deposits with rare earth elements.
HIGHLIGHTS

Tectonic setting of the Phroa-Wiang Pa Pao Granitic Rocks, Thailand.
Petrography and modal analysis
The geochemistry analysis by XRF and CIPW normative calculation.
The Central Granitic Belt in Thailand.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Factors Associated with Depressive Syndrome in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients at RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Effendy Elmeida , Husada Muhammad Surya , Agusti Sri
Published: October 2024

Besides being one of the causes of death in the world, adult congenital heart disease sufferers seem to be forgotten and neglected from what is called depression and anxiety. Not much has been described about depressive psychopathology in adult congenital heart disease patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with depressive syndrome in congenital heart disease patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted by 97 adult congenital heart disease patients recruited sequentially, consisting of 8 independent variables and 1 dependent variable. Depression scores were assessed using the BDI-II measuring instrument. Most sexes were female, with as many as 59 subjects (60.2 %). The most marital status was 66 subjects (67.3 %). The most occupations were those who worked as many as 70 subjects (71.4 %), the most previous history of surgery/intervention were those who did not have a history of prior surgery/intervention as many as 56 subjects (57.1 %), the most comorbid diseases were those who did not have a history of comorbid diseases as many as 86 subjects (87.8 %), age with a median value of 33 (18 - 45), the median value of education for adult CHD patients was 15 (12 - 18),  the median NYHA grade value of adult CHD patients is 2 (1 - 4). The characteristics of patients who are highly educated, NYHA classmates, and who have jobs should be a concern because they will be more likely to experience depressive syndrome.
HIGHLIGHTS

Relationship between NYHA class and depression syndrome: Patients with higher NYHA grades are prone to depression. This indicates that the more severe the heart condition, the greater the level of depression.
The role of education in depression: The higher the education of heart patients, the more likely they are to develop depression.
Effect of work on depression: Patients without work are more prone to depression than patients who work, demonstrating the importance of job stability for inner well-being.
Use of BDI-II tool: Depression measurement is carried out using BDI-II, a screening tool that effectively measures depression.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Essential Oil as Sunscreen and Anti-Aging Agents: An In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Husen Rifsia Ajani , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Sary Nirwana Lazuardi , Harnelly Essy , Husna Fauzul
Published: October 2024

The earth thermal conditions increase exposure to sunlight, triggering skin damage. The skin has defense mechanisms but needs additional protection to prevent photoaging. Using sunscreen is an effort to reduce the harmful effects of sun exposure. Natural ingredients with antioxidant activity can be developed into sunscreen and antiaging products, including cloves. This study aims to assess the antioxidant, sun protection, and anti-aging properties of essential oils derived from clove leaves and buds. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH system and then formulated into 5 and 10 % clove leaves cream, as well as 5 and 10 % clove bud cream. The SPF values were assessed using a spectrophotometer and the Mansur formula. The antiaging potential was assessed using the in silico method with MMP-1 protein employing the Auto Dock Vina software, followed by analysis and visualization using BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The essential oils from clove leaves and buds have DPPH IC50 values of 23.09 and 30.31 ppm. The SPF values of clove leaves essential oil, 5 % leaves cream, and 10 % leaves cream are 38.61, 14.32, and 22.15. Meanwhile, the SPF values of clove bud essential oil, 5 % bud cream, and 10 % bud cream are 38.19, 9.32, and 18.16. The in silico test revealed that caryophyllene, eugenol, humulene, and phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl), acetate) have strong interactions because they can interact with the active site of proteins using hydrogen, hydrophobic, and van der Waals bonds. The essential oils from clove leaves and buds exhibit very strong antioxidant activity and offer ultra-protection as a sunscreen. The cream formulations still exhibit sunscreen activity, albeit at a lower level compared to pure essential oil. Caryophyllene, eugenol, humulene, and phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-, acetate), have potential as antiaging agents, as indicated by their binding affinity and chemical bond interactions observed in the in silico test.
HIGHLIGHTS

Clove buds and leaves exhibit antioxidant properties.
Essential oil from clove buds and leaves demonstrates a substantial Sun Protection Factor (SPF).
The compounds contained in clove essential oil exhibit promise as prospective agents in anti-aging applications.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Basal Area, Soil, and Elevation Factors Affecting The Essential Oils Yield, Geranyl Acetate, and D-Limonene of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium
Authors: Kintamani Endang , Kusmana Cecep , Tiryana Tatang , Mirmanto Edi , Batubara Irmanida
Published: October 2024

Andaliman (Z. acanthopodium) is an aromatic Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) plant species that contains essential oils (EOs), which have various benefits for cuisine, medicine, and cosmetics. This study is essential because it is not yet known what biotic factors (basal area) and abiotic factors (soil and elevation) influence the EOs yield, geranyl acetate, and D-limonene as skin anti-aging. This study investigated whether the basal area, soil, and elevation factors influence the EOs yield, geranyl acetate, and D-limonene content of Andaliman fruit. The biotic and abiotic factors were measured from 9 sample plots representing the Andaliman habitats in North Sumatra, Indonesia. A vegetation analysis was conducted to derive the Andaliman basal area of each sample plot. Soil samples were taken randomly in each plot and analyzed for their physicochemical (pH, C, SOM, N, CNR, P, K, Ca, Mg, CEC, BS, SA, DU, CL, WC, and BD) contents. Elevation gradients were measured on each plot. The EOs of Andaliman fruit include yield, geranyl acetate, and D-limonene as skin anti-aging. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Square Regression for Generalized Linear Models (PlsRglm) to determine which biotic and abiotic factors influenced the EOs yield, geranyl acetate, and D-limonene. This study confirmed that clay soil texture was the main factor influencing EOs of Andaliman fruit yield, geranyl acetate, and D-limonene. Apart from soil factors, basal area, and elevation factors were also essential to consider when cultivating Andaliman fruit as a source of skin anti-aging substances.
HIGHLIGHTS

To the best of the authors’s knowledge, the first study in Indonesia 2024 that integrated biotic and abiotic factors affecting the essential oils (EOs) yield, geranyl acetate and D-limonene contents derived from of acanthopodium fruit as skin anti-aging substance.
Using Partial Least Square Regression for Generalized Linear Models (PlsRglm) method for analyzing basal area, soil factors and elevation that influence the EOs of acanthopodium fruit.
Of all the abiotic and biotic factors studied, Clay soil texture is the most critical factor that influences acanthopodium fruit EOs as skin anti-aging substances. Basal area and elevation are also essential factors in the cultivation of aromatic Andaliman plants.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Alpha(α)-mangostin (Xanthone of Garcinia mangostana L.): Augmenting Macrophages Activity for an Effective Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Patrick Melonney , Mohd Zohdi Wan Najwa Wan , Abd Muid Suhaila , Omar Effat
Published: October 2024

Diabetic wounds are particularly difficult to treat medically because they heal at a slower pace than regular wounds. Macrophages are essential in all stages of normal wound healing, including inflammation, proliferation and rem   odelling. When wound healing is affected, macrophages can reduce the level of growth factor and increase the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), disrupt the balance between tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), which can slow down healing. Alpha(α)-mangostin, a natural xanthone derived from the pericarp of the mangosteen, has gained considerable attention due to its anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential to promote wound healing. However, its exact role in healing diabetic foot ulcers, common in diabetes, remains unclear. Hence, this study aims to explore how α-mangostin might affect diabetic wound healing by evaluating its impact on PDGF, CTGF, BFGF, VEGF, TGF-β, MMP-9, TIMP-2 and IL-6 secretion in macrophage cells. Human monocytic macrophages (THP-1) were incubated with a 35 mM glucose solution for 72 h to create a glucose-enriched medium. The cells were then incubated with α-mangostin (0.15, 2.5 and 5 µg/mL) together with 35 mM glucose. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) served as positive controls; glucose-enriched media and media-alone served as negative controls. Protein expression was measured using ELISA. α-mangostin (2.5 µg/mL) increased the levels of PDGF and VEGF and decreased the level of MMP-9 compared to glucose controls. There was no significant difference in other growth factors, TIMP-2 and IL-6 protein levels across any of the treatment groups compared to glucose controls. In conclusion, α-mangostin particularly at 2.5 µg/mL demonstrated a significant increase in PDGF and VEGF levels while simultaneously reducing MMP-9 in macrophage cells under glucose-induced conditions. These findings suggest that α-mangostin holds the potential for enhancing the healing of chronic wounds in diabetic conditions.
HIGHLIGHTS

Treatment of macrophages (THP-1 cells) with 2.5 µg/mL Alpha (α)-mangostin in a high glucose medium led to a significant increase in PDGF and VEGF secretion compared to glucose control.
Treatment of the cells with 2.5 µg/mL Alpha (α)-mangostin in a high glucose medium led to a significant reduction of MMP-9 secretion compared to glucose control.
There is no significant effects of Alpha (α)-mangostin on IL-6 and TIMP secretion compared to controls
This study suggests that Alpha (α)-mangostin may be beneficial in promoting diabetic wound healing via stimulation of PDGF and VEGF secretion and reducing MMP-9 levels.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Therapeutic Efficacy of Wet Cupping on Uterine Inflammation in Primary Dysmenorrhea: An In Vivo Investigation Targeting Bilateral L4/L5 Vertebrae
Authors: Lestariningsih Sri , Tamtomo Didik Gunawan , Sulistyowati Sri , Indarto Dono , Soetrisno Soetrisno , Muthmainah Muthmainah , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini
Published: October 2024

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a prevalent problem in gynecology affecting the quality of life for young women. This medical condition is often responsible for the absence of young women from school or work, increasing the risk of developing hyperemesis gravidarum in the future. Furthermore, PD causes pain due to the activation of the local PGF2α pathway in the endometrium, which triggers oxidative stress processes, uterine ischemia and spasmodic uterine contractions. The first-line therapies for PD, Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and oral contraceptives, can cause side effects such as headache, nausea, intestinal ulcers and platelet abnormalities. To overcome the impact of PD, cupping has been proven effective as an alternative pain therapy with minimal side effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of cupping on writing latency threshold time, PGF2α levels and FP receptor expression in PD model rats. The experiment was conducted using female Sprague Dawley rats to analyze the effects of wet cupping therapy (WCT) on inflammatory repair in the uterus. The method used was a pre- and post-test control group design, with 35 female rats randomly divided into 5 groups. These consisted of normal control (NC), negative control (C−), positive control (C+) + ibuprofen 7.2 mg, as well as treatment groups, comprising dry cupping (DC) and WCT. The results showed that writhing time threshold of WCT was the same as C+ (p = 0.368), while PGF2α decreased in DC (43.43 pg/mL, p = 0.008) and WCT (189.25 pg/mL, p = 0.0154). Similar to C+, WCT significantly decreased serum PGF2α levels compared to C−. WCT also influenced the expression of PTGFR subunit similarly to NC, showing the capacity to control the inflammatory pathway. The study suggested that WCT was a promising therapeutic strategy for PD by decreasing PGF2α and PTGFR expression.
HIGHLIGHTS
Previous investigations conducted on experimental animals using wet cupping therapy (WCT) have shown histopathological results associated with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) caused by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. Moreover, this study shows the potential of WCT in reducing inflammation-induced PD pain by inhibiting the expression of PGF2α and PTGFR in the cyclooxygenase pathway, potentially increasing the pain threshold. The results show that WCT offers a potential alternative therapy for PD caused by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial Activity of Compounds Isolated from Uvaria wrayi (King) L.L. Zhou, Y.C.F. Su & R.M.K. Saunders Leaves and Twigs
Authors: Phukhatmuen Piyaporn , Promnart Phunrawie , Cheenpracha Sarot , Laphookhieo Surat , Winyayong Panom
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to the capacity of bacteria to resist the impact of antibiotics, emerging as a significant global health concern. To discover novel antibacterial agents, the isolation and elucidation of compounds from leaf and twig extracts of Uvaria wrayi (King) L.L. Zhou, Y.C.F. Su & R.M.K. Saunders were investigated for the first time. 9 known compounds were performed and categorized as polyoxygenated cyclohexenes (1-3), seco-cyclohexenes (4), acrylamide derivatives (5,6), and aristolactam alkaloids (7-9). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against 5 Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (TISTR 746), Staphylococcus epidermidis (DMST 15505), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (NPRC 001R), Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) (DMST 14916), and Streptococcus mutans (DMST 18777/ATCC 25175T). 2 Gram-negative bacteria, Shigella flexneri (DMST 4423) and Salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium (TISTR 2519) were evaluated. Most of the isolated compounds displayed moderate antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 64 µg/mL, except compounds 1,9 showed antibacterial against MRSA with a MIC value of 128 µg/mL. Compounds 2-9 exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. acnes (DMST 14916) with a MIC value of 32 µg/mL. Compounds 1-3, 6, and 7 also responded to inhibit C. acnes with the same MBC value of 128 µg/mL. This exploration holds promise for advancing our understanding of potential antibacterial compounds within U. wrayi and addressing the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance.
HIGHLIGHTS

The first phytochemical investigation of U. wrayi resulted in the isolation and identification of nine antibactiral compounds.
Compounds 2-9 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes (DMST 14916) with a MIC value of 32 µg/mL.
Most of the isolated compounds displayed moderate antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 64 µg/mL.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Integrating Microwave Heating with Foam-Mat Drying: Drying Kinetics and Optimization for Thick Foamed Mango Pulp
Authors: Saijuntha Jatupon , Duangkhamchan Wasan , Youryon Pannipa , Ronsse Frederik , Chupawa Prarin
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the challenge of processing undersized or overripe mangoes by integrating microwave heating with traditional foam-mat drying technique. The study aims at investigating drying kinetics coupled with thin-layer drying modeling and influences of microwave power (300 - 600 W) and hot-air temperature (55 - 75 °C). Among ten drying models, the so-called Midilli equation fitted well with experimental data.  Results showed enhanced drying process associated with microwave heating, providing reduced drying time from 600 - 700 min (for conventional hot-air mode) to 30 - 100 min (for microwave-assisted mode). Standard deviations of moisture content and dried foam thickness measured at various points revealed uneven heat distribution when using high microwave energy, evidenced by burnt spots at 600 W. Additionally, foam collapse was observed under the mild process with low microwave powers, possibly due to prolonged drying periods. Response surface methodology demonstrated that microwave power was more important factor, positively affecting effective diffusivity coefficient (Deff) while inversely influencing specific energy consumption (SEC) and color difference (DE). Deff value increased from 5.41´10-6 m²×s-1 at 300 W and 55 °C to 18.43´10-6 m²×s-1 at 600 W and 75 °C, confirming enhance drying performance. As assisted with microwave heating, drying foamed mango sample consumed less energy up to 92 %. Optimal drying parameters were determined based on balancing the enhancement of drying performance and color alteration, suggesting drying the thick foamed mango pulp at temperature of 55 °C combined with microwave heating at 520 W, which can be served as a basis for further industrial scale-up.
HIGHLIGHTS

Novel method for thick mango pulp snacks.
Reduced drying time from 600 - 700 to 30 - 100 min.
Lowered energy use to 5.83 kWh×kg-1.
Optimal conditions at 520 W, 55 °C, desirability 0.669.
Applied Midilli model with 99 % accuracy.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Microanatomy of the Testes and Male Genital Ducts of Banded Krait Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider, 1801)
Authors: Pewhom Akkanee , Vanikasampanna Akapon
Published: October 2024

The Banded krait is a species of venomous snakes that ranks among the top 5 in Thailand, with a significance role as a predator for controlling other animals. Despite numerous studies on the ecology, the microanatomy of body systems has still not reported clearly. The present study was to investigate the microanatomy of the testes and male genital ducts of Banded krait that collected from Phatthalung Province, Thailand. The snakes were collected after anesthetized, and their testes and genital ducts were fixed in Bouin’s fixative. The reproductive organs were collected during July to October 2022, and were sectioned of 5-µm-thick pieces for staining with Harris’s hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS), alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and pH 1.0, bromophenol blue (BB) and Masson’s trichrome (MT). The testes contained the seminiferous tubules with 7 stages of germ cells: (I) type A spermatogonium, (II) type B spermatogonium, (III) primary spermatocyte, (IV) secondary spermatocyte, (V) round spermatid, (VI) elongated spermatid and (VII) spermatozoa. Besides, Sertoli and Leydig’s cells were appeared in the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial area, respectively. During the sampling period, the spermatozoa were observed in the seminiferous tubules and genital ducts. The extra-testicular rete testis, ductuli efferentes and ductus epididymis were embedded in the epididymal sheath. The epithelial cells of rete testis, ductus epididymis, as well as ductus deferens possessed microvilli, whereas those of the ductuli efferentes composed of cilia. The epithelial cells of all portions showed the positive staining with PAS and BB due to the presence of neutral glycoproteins and proteins, respectively, and the negative staining for AB pH 2.5 and pH 1.0 because of the absence of acidic glycoproteins.
HIGHLIGHTS

During the sampling period from July to October, the Banded Krait exhibited active spermatogenesis
The rete testis could be divided into 2 portions: intra-rete testis and extra-rete testis
The ductus epididymis was divided into 3 portions: proximal, middle and distal ductus epididymis
All portions of the male genital ducts, the epithelium showed the secretion of neutral glycoproteins and proteins without sulfated and carboxylated glycoproteins

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT