bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compression measurements with polydisperse SiO2 dust
Authors: Timpe Maximilian , Kreuzig Christopher , Blum Jürgen
Published: July 2024

To describe comets and planetesimals with models and simulations, the material properties are required. To determine the compression behaviour of polydisperse spherical silicon dioxide dust as an analog material for these objects, a hand-operated 15t(US) hydraulic press was used to perform compression experiments. The force of this press was directed into a carbide piston of 12.25mm diameter to achieve pressures of almost 1.2GPa in the samples. Four different particle size distributions of dust were used in the experiments to investigate the effect of particle size distribution. The median particle radii for the dust types are: 0.01micron for C1, 0.35micron for C2 0.57micron for C4 and 2.2micron for C6 with differing distribution widths. The results of these experiments show that the polydisperse dust can be compressed to higher filling factors than the theoretical maximum of monodisperse dust. It also becomes clear that the dust is elastic and partially expands again when the pressure is released. The size distribution appears to have a significant effect, with wider distributions leading to higher compressibility as seen in Figure 1 (C4 has the widest size distribution). In measurements that subjected the dust to multiple pressure cycles, the filling factor kept increasing with every cycle (Figure 2). Figure 1: Mean compression curves for the 4 different size distributions.Figure 2: Pressure cycles with C6 dust
Modeling the HDO cycle on Mars : focus on the dust effect
Authors: Petzold Guillaume , Montmessin Franck
Published: July 2024

The deuterium/hydrogen isotopic ratio, D/H, is one of the main keys to understand the origin of water on several celestial bodies within the Solar System and its evolution over time in their atmospheres.In the atmosphere of Mars, this D/H ratio is on average 5 to 6 times higher than what is found on Earth. Although water is present only in very low quantities, this particularly high deuterium enrichment, supported by various geological indicators such as the presence of valleys, indicates a wet past for the red planet. To understand this result and how the water has escaped from Mars' atmosphere, the study of HDO – the main source of changes in the D/H ratio on the planet – and its annual cycle appears essential, particularly regarding its seasonal behavior in the upper atmosphere where water vapor can be photodissociated and then ejected.The Mars PCM (Planetary Climate Model), formerly GCM (Global Climate Model), offers numerous possibilities and effectively models the planet's topography, seasonal phenomena, transport phenomena, and cloud-related phenomena such as condensation, each playing a significant role in the behavior of HDO in the Martian atmosphere throughout the year. This model, coupled with observations and data from the ACS (Atmospheric Chemistry Suite), has shed light on the HDO cycle in recent years. However, differences still exist between the model results and the observations. This is particularly the case for the vertical distribution of water vapor in the upper atmosphere. Some improvements, concerning, for example, dust, are examined, and their effects are studied and discussed. One of them is the implementation of a more realistic dust particles size distribution in the model, following a Gaussian function. These improvements provide a better understanding of the HDO cycle as well as a more reliable completion of observations. The goal is to further understand the nature and origin of the high deuterium enrichment on the red planet.
The BepiColombo mission to Mercury: First Results  and status update 
Authors: Benkhoff Johannes , Murakami Go , Jones Geraint
Published: July 2024

BepiColombo, a joint mission between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for comprehensive exploration of planet Mercury will perform three more flybys at Mercury before jettisoning its transfer spacecraft in late 2025 and bringing the two spacecraft into its dedicated orbits around Mercury in early 2026. The upcoming flybys are time wise very close together and take place within four months starting in September 2024. Although the two BepiColombo spacecraft are in a stacked configuration during its even yearlong cruise and therefore only some of the instruments can perform scientific observations, the mission produces already some very valuable results. As an example, Mercury’s southern inner magnetosphere, a so far unexplored region, has been observed by the BepiColombo ion and fields instruments during the pass.  Data taken during the first three Mercury's flybys revealed a magnetosphere populated by diverse populations and confirmed a really dynamic regime. BepiColombo with its state of the art and very comprehensive payload will perform measurements to increase our knowledge on the fundamental questions about Mercury’s evolution, composition, interior, magnetosphere, and exosphere. During the talk a status of the mission and results from science operations during cruise will be presented.
Exponentially fast growth of dust aggregates during the sedimentation/drift stage
Authors: Blum Jürgen , Aktas Coskun , Isensee Matthias , Bodenstein Andreas , Schubert Ben , Molinski Noah
Published: July 2024

In a novel experimental setup, we studied the growth of dust aggregates for an extended period of time under realistic protoplanetary conditions, i.e. in a rarefied gas and for relative sedimentation of the grains with velocities on the order of 1 cm/s. We observed a rapid growth of fractal aggregates consisting of µm-sized silica grains and measured their mass spectra as a function of time. Sampling of the aggregates allowed a better characterization of the fractal structure than in-situ observations. We also performed Monte Carlo simulations of the growth process, including explicit collisions, and could achieve a good match to our laboratory observations. Our mean-field model of the growth process is in agreement with the experimental findings and predicts an exponentially fast growth for fractal aggregates (whose collision cross sections are proportional to their mass and whose gas-grain response times are mass-independent), as long as mass loss of the system is negligible. For systems with mass loss, a maximum aggregate mass can be predicted. Our results are directly applicable to the study of dust-aggregate growth in protoplanetary disks, in particular for (but not restricted to) the sedimentation/drift stage before the onset of restructuring. 
Composition and thermal properties of Ganymede's surface from JWST/NIRSpec and MIRI observations
Authors: Poch Olivier , Bockelée-Morvan Dominique , Lellouch Emmanuel , Quirico Eric , Cazaux Stéphanie , de Pater Imke , Fouchet Thierry ,   JWST ERS #1373 team
Published: July 2024

We present the first observations of Ganymede by the JWST (ERS #1373) (Bockelée-Morvan et al., 2024). NIRSpec IFU (2.9–5.3 μm) and MIRI MRS (4.9–28.5 μm) observations were performed on the Leading and Trailing hemispheres, with a spectral resolution of ∼ 2700 and a spatial sampling of 0.1 to 0.17". We analysed the spectral signatures and brightness temperatures, and their spatial distribution on the surface. Reflectance spectra show signatures of water ice, CO2 and H2O2. An absorption feature at 5.9 μm, with a shoulder at 6.5 μm, is revealed, and tentatively assigned to sulfuric acid hydrates. The CO2 4.26-μm absorption band shows latitudinal and longitudinal variations in depth, shape and position over the two hemispheres, unveiling different CO2 physical states. In the ice-rich polar regions, which are the most exposed to Jupiter's plasma irradiation, the CO2 band is redshifted with respect to other terrains. In the boreal region of the leading hemisphere, the CO2 band is dominated by a high wavelength component at ∼ 4.27 μm, consistent with CO2 trapped in amorphous water ice. At equatorial latitudes (and especially on dark terrains) the observed band is broader and shifted towards the blue, suggesting CO2 adsorbed on non-icy materials, such as minerals or salts. Maps of the H2O Fresnel peak area correlate with Bond albedo maps and follow the distribution of water ice inferred from H2O absorption bands. Amorphous surficial ice is detected in the ice-rich polar regions, and is especially abundant on the northern polar cap of the leading hemisphere. Leading and trailing polar regions exhibit different H2O, CO2 and H2O2 spectral properties. On both hemispheres the north polar cap ice appears to be more processed than on the south polar cap. A longitudinal metamorphization of the ice at (sub)-micrometer-scale is observed on both hemispheres. Ice frost is tentatively observed on the morning limb of the trailing hemisphere, possibly formed during the night from the recondensation of water subliming from the warmer subsurface. Latitude and local time variations of the brightness temperatures indicate a rough surface and a low thermal inertia of 20–40 SI, consistent with a porous surface, with no obvious difference between the leading and trailing sides.Bockelée-Morvan et al., Composition and thermal properties of Ganymede’s surface from JWST/NIRSpec and MIRI observations. A&A 681, 27 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347326
Exploring the diversity within EANA and AbGradE as mirror of the European astrobiology community
Authors: Noack Lena , de Vera Jean-Pierre Paul , Pinna Silvana , Taubner Ruth-Sophie , Robert Séverine
Published: July 2024

The European Astrobiology Network Association (EANA) was founded in Spring 2001 during the first European workshop on Astrobiology co-organized with ESA at the ESRIN research facility in Frascati, Italy. Since then, EANA has organized annual meetings to continue fostering and strengthening the Astrobiology community within Europe, whose growth over the years is reflected not only in the growing participation at the annual EANA meeting, but also in the foundation of the graduate network AbGradE (Astrobiology Graduates in Europe) with many activities, meetings, and workshops organized since 2014, including several joint events with EPEC, the EuroPlanet Early Career network, as well as the foundation of the European Astrobiology Institute (EAI) in 2019. While the EAI brings together European research institutions with interest in Astrobiology to act as a joint consortium for research, dissemination, training, and outreach in Astrobiology, EANA instead acts as a network of networks and individuals, which is also reflected in the management of EANA. The EANA Executive Council consists of national representatives from 21 European (and affiliated) countries with active Astrobiology groups, networks, or societies. These national members are designated after consultation with institutional bodies supporting Astrobiology in the country concerned. In addition, the Council consists of elected members in a number equal to the number of active nations. These Councillors are elected by the EANA community and serve for three years. Due to this special structure of the EANA Executive Council, a broad and diverse representation of many nationalities including underrepresented countries is ensured. In addition, EANA always has focused especially on supporting the early-career community with different support structures and activities. This, together with the support of the EAI during the recent years, led to an ever-growing AbGradE network spanning by now far beyond European borders and celebrating its ten-year anniversary this year. In addition, the pandemic allowed us to explore additional virtual tools to connect our community and to grow beyond Europe. It is therefore time to explore and evaluate the diversity that the EANA and AbGradE networks have reached over the past decades with respect to nationality, gender, and career status of our members and annual meeting participants, depending also on where within Europe meetings were organized, and to reflect on future measures to improve the diversity and inclusiveness of our networks.
Investigating the complex history of a mountain glacier in Argyre Basin, Mars: Potential for warm-based glaciation?
Authors: El-Maarry Mohamed Ramy , Driver Graham
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Glacier-like forms (GLFs) are a particular class of viscous flow formations (VFFs) that occupies the mid-latitudes of Mars [e.g., 1–4]. They appear to be concentrated around the 40–55 latitude range in both hemispheres [3,4]. Their distribution signifies changes in water-ice latitudinal stability with obliquity variations. Therefore, studying them and understanding their evolution is critical to understanding the recent glacial history of Mars and stability of ice on its surface. For this study, we focus one a GLF in Argyre (Fig. 1). In earlier updates (e.g., [5]), we showed that the glacier system displays 1) multi piedmont-like terminal lobes, 2) gullied cirque-like source regions, and 3) periglacial modification of surface materials indicative of near-surface ice. Here, we provide further updates about our mapping, which highlight the complex history of the studied region.Methods and datasets: We carried out the morphologic investigation using images from HiRISE, CTX and CaSSIS. We created a CTX mosaic for the study region and geo-referenced it to an HRSC DTM to extract morphometric information on flow directions and influence of surrounding topography. Here we describe a number of new observations coupled with morphometric measurements where relevant.Positive Relief Feature (PRF): The PRF is the main source region for the various VFFs observed around it (Fig. 1). It has an elevation of ~+3250 m and rises ~4250 m above the surrounding terrains to the east, and more than 6000 m above the Argyre floor to the west. It displays a wide mesa-like flat top more than 20 km across along its longest axis with slopes ranging as low as 1° up to 7° in certain areas. The mesa top appears mostly smooth with muted topography in CTX images, suggesting a recently emplaced mantling unit. In contrast, the sides of the PRF are steep (22–32°) with the NE slopes displaying the highest slopes (~32) associated with a semi-circular cirque-like alcove. Based on [6], we interpret this PRF to be an erosional remnant of the basin’s rim materials.The lobate deposits: The lobate deposits surround the PRF and dominate the terrain from its lower flanks to regions ~10-35 km away, depending on the direction (Fig. 2). They mainly comprise a NE trending lobe, a western deposit that branches into two distinctive lobes trending NW and SW; all three whose flow directions are constrained by surrounding topography resembling Lineated Valley Fills (LVFs) [2], and finally an East-trending unit that flows more feely and displays a Lobate Debris Apron (LDA)-like morphology [2]. All flows display clear terminal ridges and flow fronts, whereas the three LVF types also display sets of quasi-parallel lineations trending along the respective flow direction. The flows show relatively low slopes (typically
Whistler-mode and ULF waves and their association with solar wind plasmas observed upstream of Martian bow shock
Authors: Jin Taifeng , Ni Binbin , Fu Song , Li Lei , Cao Xing , Pang Shuyue , Yun Xiaotong , Long Minyi , Du Hengle
Published: July 2024

Whistler-mode and ULF waves upstream of planetary bow shock play important role in energy transfer and dissipation processes in the planetary environment. A series of whistler-mode waves with their frequencies centered at ~0.4 Hz, accompanied by another series of ~0.04 Hz ULF waves, were observed upstream of the Martian bow shock by MAVEN on 2015 August 14. During the occurrence of waves, a significant flux enhancement of high-energy protons up to ∼10 keV, as well as the response of electrons to the ULF waves, were also observed. The pitch angle distributions of electrons were modulated differently according to electrons’ energies. Preliminary dispersion analysis suggests that the solar wind condition was capable of generating ULF waves by ion-ion instabilities, while the observed whistler-mode waves have the potential of resonating with protons of ∼1 keV with large pitch angles up to nearly perpendicular to the background magnetic field. Our results indicate the possible connection between co-existence of waves and the origin of energized protons through wave-particle interactions in the Martian environment.
Observing Cometary Simulants using THz-Spectroscopy
Authors: Stoeckli Linus , Ottersberg Rafael , Pommerol Antoine , Thomas Nicolas
Published: July 2024

The exact physical structure of the interior of comets is unknown. Further in-situ exploration is required to discover the relationship between non-volatile and volatile materials.Advancements in the last decades have been able to close the THz gap, thus allowing the study of materials between microwave and IR wavelengths. THz spectroscopy is being used more and more to analyze materials and study the hydration of samples. This makes the application of THz spectroscopy promising for investigations in resolving the sub-surface structure of comets. Our novel laboratory setup COCoNuT (Characteristic Observation of Cometary Nuclei using THz-spectroscopy) provides the capabilities to simulate the conditions we would encounter on a comet.Figure 1: A rendered image of the CAD model of our in-house designed vacuum chamber. To the left we see the load-lock chamber, which enables us to exchange the sample without flooding the main chamber. The sample holder (yellow) is then pushed along the central axis of the goniometer and pressed onto the cryo-cooler. The goniometer is mounted on an x-y stage, enabling us to scan the sample. A window is attached diagonally onto the right hand side of the chamber, which will server as a mounting point for a solar simulator (lamp). By shining light onto the sample we expect to observe sublimation.The vacuum chamber contains a commercial time domain THz-spectrometer to perform proof-of-concept measurements with frequencies from 0.1 THz to 5 THz. The in-house produced simulants, consisting of water ice and cometary dust analogues, can either be measured in transmission or reflection and at various pressures down to 10-7 mbar and temperatures down to 50 K. As opposed to ground penetrating radar, THz-spectroscopy provides a better resolution (sub-centimeter) while still penetrating the surface layer on a centimeter level.Due to the fingerprint absorption spectrum of water vapor, THz-spectroscopy can also be used to analyze the sublimation above the surface. Analyzing the ejection of small particles can provide information about the sub-surface structure as well.The findings of our proof-of-concept setup will lay the groundwork for a future in-situ mission to a comet.We present our first measurements with our newly built setup.
Update on the Laplace experiment as a facility to investigate the initial stage of planet formation
Authors: von Borstel Ingo , Blum Jürgen , Schräpler Rainer , Aktas Coskun , Balapanov Daniyar , Vedernikov Andrei , Brisset Julie , Molinski Noah , Schubert Ben
Published: July 2024

The predecessor of Laplace, ICAPS, was flown in 2019 and 2023 on the Texus-56 and Texus-58 sounding rockets. The Laplace facility is planned for a usage on the ISS with a launch in 2025. Both experiments allow to investigate the very first stages of planet formation. The relevant growth processes require observation of many-particle processes consisting of millions of µm-sized particles in a low-density gas environment (typically a few 10s of Pa, such that Knudsen numbers of >>1 are achieved) for prolonged time. The latter requirement makes it necessary to perform these investigations in a microgravity environment. The ICAPS and Laplace setups allow to actively protect the dust cloud against diffusion and other external residual forces and also allow concentration of the dust cloud by means of an actively-controlled thermophoretic trap acting on all three axes.Simultaneously, the dust cloud is made available to a number of observational instruments. As a whole, the cloud is observed in 3D from two perpendicular overview cameras while also making a small central volume of 1 mm² cross-section accessible to a dedicated long-distance microscope with high-speed imaging to facilitate non-destructive in-situ analysis of the growing dust aggregates. An extinction sensor allows to measure the light extinction throughout the cloud as a whole. Measurements of the electric charges of the individual particles can be conducted repeatedly by means of a controlled DC or AC field in order to determine charge and charge evolution.We will present the design and techniques of the Laplace setup, the current status of the Laplace facility and demonstrate its capabilities on a few select data from the flights of ICAPS.
The dust and gas analysis at 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko sheds light on cometary activity
Authors: Rinaldi Giovanna , Noonan John
Published: July 2024

The analisys of gas and dust in the coma of comets becomes crucial to understand the cometary activiy and represents an important reference for the new ESA mission as Comet Interceptor and for the small bodies showing ‘’cometary activity’’. Cometary activity consists in the ejection from cometary nuclei of dust and gas molecules induced by ice sublimation. Cometary activity offers a valuable window into the composition of comet nuclei with his forceful ejection of dust and gas that reveals interior components of the comet. During the period between July and November 2015, the Rosetta spacecraft had monitored the inner coma of comet 67P/CG. The Visible InfraRed the Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) and the ALICE ultraviolet spectrograph, onboard Rosetta observed and detected a series of outbursts and jets. H2O, CO2, CO, and O2 were all indirectly observed by ALICE within outbursts via emission from the daughter products H, C, and O, identified in the spectra as the first three members of the H I Lyman series, OI multiplets at 1152, 1304, and 1356 Å, and weak multiplets of C I at 1561 and 1657 Å . VIRTIS detected and characterized the dust properties of the jets and outburst in terms of radial profile, light curve, color, and dust mass loss in the VIS and IR wavelength range. The aim of this work is to take advantage of the capabilities of two instruments to analyze the dust and gas coma during these cometary features. The outburst observations show that mixed gas and dust outbursts can have different spectral signatures representative of their initiating mechanisms, with outburst showing indicators of a cliff collapse origin or showing fresh volatiles being exposed via a deepening fracture. Preliminary analisys shows the cometary activity observed after some outburst events has a moderate CO2/H2O ratio, evidence that O2 may have initiated the outburst and exposed new volatile-rich material.  This analysis opens up the possibility of remote spectral classification of cometary activities with future work.
Empowering researchers with comprehensive data access for ESA’s Juice Mission
Authors: Vellard Emma , Witasse Olivier , Solomonidou Anezina , Hadid Lina , Holmberg Mika , Huybrighs Hans , Vallat Claire , Altobelli Nicolas
Published: July 2024

With the begining of Juice’s cruise phase, the first datasets of the nominal mission are expected in 2031. A need for an integrated and user-friendly data environment to support the research community and their analysis efforts was identified a few years ago. In response to this demand, we have purposefully crafted an expansive data environment tailored explicitly for the Juice mission. This environment is designed to streamline and enhance the research process by offering researchers a centralized platform containing a wealth of information. Our platform complements the PSA by enabling access to project auxiliary data, as inferred from the document management system, a living archive of project documentation, and access to mission tools. In more detail, it encompasses information regarding details about the spacecraft itself, such as trajectory, instrumentation, and 3D models. Moreover, it provides technical data and specifications necessary for researchers to effectively interpret the mission’s observations. It also houses valuable information on the scientific aspects of the Juice mission, such as workshop presentations, the latest published papers, or relevant databases. By providing comprehensive, easily accessible information, we aim to empower researchers within the scientific community to conduct in-depth analysis and gain valuable insights from the wealth of data generated by the Juice mission.
Studying the origins of warm Jupiters
Authors: Smith Alexis , Cabrera Juan , Harre Jan-Vincent , Csizmadia Szilárd
Published: July 2024

There is much still to learn about giant planets, in particular those at relatively long orbital period. Present (TESS, CHEOPS) and future planetary missions (PLATO, Ariel) will make a significant contribution to our understanding of these systems.One unsolved problem is the origins of warm Jupiters (WJs). If WJs formed beyond the snow line, far from their host stars, then migration is required to bring them to their current orbits. There are several hypotheses explaining the migration history and we are exploring observational tests for these hypotheses. In particular, obliquity (the angle between the stellar rotation and planetary orbital axes) is a key tracer of migration history. Dynamically violent, high-eccentricity migration leads to planets in significantly misaligned orbits with large obliquities, whereas disc-driven migration should result in orbits coplanar with the stellar equator. In contrast to the hot Jupiters, the imprint of dynamical migration in WJs should not be erased through tidal interactions with the convective zone of their stars, because they are tidally detached.Only around 60 transiting warm Jupiters are currently known, only 16 of which have a measured obliquity. We have a VLT/ESPRESSO programme to measure the obliquities of an unbiased sample of eleven WJs, which will greatly increase the size of the measured sample. Our first observations were made earlier this year, and here we present those data, and our preliminary interpretation.
The Programmable Liquid-crystal Active Coronagraphic Imager for the DAG telescope (PLACID) instrument: simulations, discovery space and status update 
Authors: Lin Liurong , Potier Axel , Tandon Ruben , Jolissaint Laurent , Baur Audrey , Öztürk Çetni Derya , Kühn Jonas
Published: July 2024

We present the Programmable Liquid-crystal Active Coronagraphic Imager for the DAG telescope (PLACID) instrument, a novel exoplanet direct imaging facility that was recently delivered to the Turkish 4-m DAG telescope, with first light anticipated by the end of 2024. In a nutshell, PLACID consists of a fore-optics coronagraphic intermediate stage platform, installed in-between the TROIA XAO system and the DIRAC HAWAII-2RG focal-plane array. The PLACID instrument, led by a consortium of Swiss Universities contracted by the Atatürk University Astrophysics Research and Application Center (ATASAM), was delivered to ATASAM premises in March 2024 and is scheduled for on-telescope installation in the fall of 2024. Once on-sky later this year, PLACID will be the world’s first “active coronagraph” high-contrast imaging facility, fielding a pixelated spatial light modulator (SLM) acting as a dynamically programmable focal-plane phase mask (FPM) coronagraph from H- to Ks-band. We also detail our Python-based numerical simulator of pixelated FPM coronagraphy, built to investigate the effect of SLM-generated FPM patterns in place of classical phase masks. The simulator explores the impacts of various design choices and parameters, such as spatial sampling (SLM pixels per λ/D), phase resolution (greylevel steps) and Lyot stop sizing etc. Overall, the tool enables detailed simulations of PLACID or similar SLM-based instruments, and can support real-time operations (optimal choice of FPM for given observing conditions) and interpretation of real data. Additionally, the tool is designed to evolve in order to integrate and simulate advanced operation modes, in particular focal-plane phase diversity for coherent differential imaging (CDI) of exoplanets. We present the current status of our code, and some early conclusions on the impacts of a few key instrument design parameters. This imminent on-sky commissioning and early science operation of PLACID  will require careful planning in terms of target selection and related observational settings. To this purpose, we present the likely science discovery space for PLACID, in terms of known exoplanets, brown dwarfs and circumstellar disks, considering foreseen adaptive optics performance, achievable coronagraphic contrast, limiting magnitudes, coronagraphic inner working angle, etc. Predicted disk and binary/multiple star systems imaging performance is also investigated, with the latter being a possible niche science case for the instrument, as PLACID can uniquely generate adaptive FPMs to null multiple stars in the field-of-view.
SedDARE-IB: An open access repository of sediment data for Iberia and its continental margins
Authors: Torne Montserrat , Alves Tiago , Jiménez-Munt Ivone , Carvalho Joao , Ayala Conxi , Ramalho Elsa , Gómez Angela , Matias Hugo , Heida Hanneke , Balaguera Abraham , García-Lobón José Luis , Vergés Jaume
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Sediments provide valuable information for geologists and geophysicists whenever they strive to understand, and reproduce, the geological evolution, lithology, rock properties, seismic response, and geohazards of a region. The analysis of sedimentary sequences is thus useful to the interpretation of depositional environments, sea-level change, climate change, and to a recognition of the sediments' source areas, amongst other aspects.  By integrating sedimentary data in geophysical modelling, such interpretations are improved in terms of their accuracy and reliability. To help our further understanding of Iberia's geological evolution, geological resources and geohazards, this work presents to the scientific community the SedDARE-IB data repository. This repository includes available data of the depth to the Base Cenozoic and Top Paleozoic stratigraphic markers for the Iberian Peninsula and surrounding Western Atlantic and Mediterranean Neogene basins, or to the acoustic basement as interpreted for the Valencia Trough and Alboran Mediterranean basins. As an example of the broad applicability of the data included in SedDARE-IB, we investigate how sediment thickness affects the depth to the 150 oC isotherm at specific basins, as commonly used in geothermal exploration. The calculated trend suggests that, given constant measured surface heat flow and thermal conductivity, the 150 oC isotherm becomes shallower as a function of sediment thickness, until a critical threshold value is reached for the latter.SedDARE-IB database has been built thanks to a Portuguese-Spanish collaboration promoting open data exchange among institutions and research groups. SedDARE-IB is freely available at https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/16277 (Torne et al., 2024) bringing opportunities to the scientific, industrial, and educational communities for diverse applications.
Optimising Ensemble Streamflow Predictions with Bias-Correction and Data Assimilation Techniques
Authors: Tanguy Maliko , Eastman Michael , Chevuturi Amulya , Magee Eugene , Cooper Elizabeth , Johnson Robert H. B. , Facer-Childs Katie , Hannaford Jamie
Published: July 2024

Abstract. This study evaluates the efficacy of bias-correction (BC) and data assimilation (DA) techniques in refining hydrological model predictions. Both approaches are routinely used to enhance hydrological forecasts, yet there have been no studies that have systematically compared their utility. We focus on the application of these techniques to improve operational river flow forecasts in a diverse dataset of 316 catchments in the UK, using the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) method applied to the GR4J hydrological model. This framework is used in operational seasonal forecasting, providing a suitable testbed for method application. Assessing the impacts of these two approaches on model performance and forecast skill, we find that BC yields substantial and generalised improvements by rectifying errors post-simulation. Conversely, DA, adjusting model states at the start of the forecast period, provides more subtle enhancements, with the biggest effects seen at short lead times in catchments impacted by snow accumulation/melting processes in winter and spring, and catchments with high Base Flow Index (BFI) during summer months. The choice between BC and DA involves trade-offs, considering conceptual differences, computational demands, and uncertainty handling. Our findings emphasise the need for selective application based on specific scenarios and user requirements. This underscores the potential for developing a selective system (e.g., decision-tree) to refine forecasts effectively and deliver user-friendly hydrological predictions. While further work is required to enable implementation, this research contributes insights into the relative strengths and weaknesses of these forecast enhancement methods. These could find application in other forecasting systems, aiding the refinement of hydrological forecasts and meeting the demand for reliable information by end-users.
Who says “Ps get Degrees”? Examining the Profile of Undergraduate Students Maintaining High Achievement at University
Authors: Lydster Cameron
Published: July 2024

The circumstances associated with high levels of achievement in undergraduate studies has not been thoroughly explored in the Australian context. This study investigated factors predicting high academic achievement, defined as maintaining a Distinction average, at undergraduate level. Findings revealed several factors that predicted achievement after two semesters of study.  These factors included essay writing skills, with students having satisfactory writing 5.16 times more likely to maintain a Distinction average compared to those with below satisfactory writing; faculty, with students enrolled in Health Sciences 4.63 times more likely compared to students from other faculties; language background, with English-speaking background students 1.67 times more likely compared to English as an additional language or dialect (EAL/D) students; gender, with females 1.45 more likely compared to males; and age, with older students 1.03 times more likely to achieve high performance compared to younger students. Creating a profile of students likely to excel academically assists decision makers in allocating resources to students less likely to achieve. This research opens the door to further studies investigating whether these factors play a role in predicting student achievement at university.
A Strengths Awareness Pilot for an Australian University Mentoring Program
Authors: Robinson Naia , Walker Sarah
Published: July 2024

Strengths-based initiatives for university students to identify and develop their strengths are increasing in popularity in the tertiary sector. An understanding of strengths provides students with greater resilience in their transition in and out of university. While such strengths-based initiatives have been studied among first-year student populations at large universities in the United States, scant research has been conducted on strengths development in the Australian tertiary sector. This mixed methods study evaluates the efficacy of the use of the CliftonStrengths Assessment and targeted strengths workshops on a group of mentors and mentees within a peer mentoring program at a university in Australia. Quantitative analysis indicated increases in strengths awareness. Qualitative analysis also revealed participants could positively view their strengths, identify a plan for future strengths use, and view others and themselves in a new light. This study served as a base for further research into strengths development at Australian universities.
Evaluating Student Equity Initiatives: A Student-Centred Approach
Authors: Zacharias Nadine , Heckenberg Sadie , Kostanski Laura , Lowe Melissa , Waters Jeff
Published: July 2024

The robust evaluation of student equity initiatives is now an expected activity in Australian universities. This paper reports on the development of Swinburne’s Higher Education Participation and Partnerships Program (HEPPP) Evaluation Framework in which the project team adopted a student-centred design approach. The needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students were positioned at the heart of the methodology and provided the starting point of explorations of student experiences in interviews and focus groups.  We found that psychosocial support activities were critical to Indigenous students and those from low socioeconomic statue and/or regional or remote backgrounds and identified several additional Outcome factors of equity programs. Furthermore, we propose ‘Prosperity’ as a new Impact factor for evaluating equity programs to capture a broader notion of ‘success’. We argue that insights from existing institutional evaluation frameworks need to complement the Student Equity in Higher Education Evaluation Framework (SEHEEF) as Australia’s national framework and inform its continuous improvement.
Access and Equity in Australian Higher Education: The Equity Initiatives Framework Version 2.0
Authors: Bennett Anna , Naylor Ryan , Hanley Jo , Burgess Cheryl
Published: July 2024

Australia's higher education sector has seen substantial developments in equity and inclusivity as a result of initiatives which work to improve the numbers and experiences of students from a wide diversity of backgrounds. This practice report shares learnings from a recent national project about the impacts of a wide range of access and equity programs and services, shedding light on effective strategies throughout the student life cycle. The study, known as the Critical Interventions Framework Part 3 (CIF 3), analysed published studies which provide details about the impact of initiatives, highlighting the mechanisms which have enabled students to gain access to and succeed in higher education. The focus here is on a key outcome of the CIF 3, the updated Equity Initiatives Framework (EIF), designed for utility as a quick reference guide to aid equity practitioners and others working to support students in their educational endeavours.
Android-Based Drug Information Application Using Augmented Reality Technology
Authors: Khalis Muhammad , Abdullah Dahlan , Ardhian Zalfie
Published: July 2024

The use of Augmented Reality technology in the pharmaceutical sector, particularly in pharmacies, has introduced significant innovations in providing drug information to consumers. AR applications can help healthcare workers and patients better understand drug use through three-dimensional visualization superimposed on the real environment. Observations at Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Hospital indicate that 70% of patients still experience confusion regarding the drug information provided by pharmacy staff. This difficulty is caused by the complexity of the information, lack of personal interaction, or low health literacy. To address this problem, the Android-based Mediscan application was developed using AR technology. This application utilizes Unity and Vuforia Engine software to present drug information visually in card form via the smart device screen. Users can point the camera at a particular drug and receive complete information regarding general indications, dosage, drug class, contraindications, and side effects. This research aims to develop the Mediscan application, calculate the level of patient understanding, measure consumer satisfaction, and evaluate the impact of using AR in presenting drug information. The System Development Life Cycle methodology with the Waterfall model was used in this research. The results show that AR technology can be implemented in Android-based applications to present drug information visually and interactively. The majority of patients feel more informed and gain a better understanding of the medication they are taking. AR technology in the Mediscan application improves user experience, supports the education and training of medical personnel and patients, and enhances the quality of healthcare services in hospitals. This application also makes it easier for medical personnel and pharmacists to convey drug information more effectively and efficiently.
Em defesa da verdade histórica nos Descobrimentos: o pioneirismo historiográfico de Sebastião Francisco de Mendo Trigoso Homem de Magalhães [1773-1821] às vésperas do Liberalismo
Authors: Dias Eurico
Published: July 2024

The historiographical inquiries developed by Sebastião Francisco de Mendo Trigoso Homem de Magalhães [1773-1821], one of the first secretaries of the Academia Real das Ciências de Lisboa, contributed indelibly to the legitimacy and defence of the primacy of the Portuguese Discoveries. In a revolutionary period that took place between the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, appropriations and historiographical rewritings of the European Discoveries also took place, with the pioneering spirit of our portuguese navigations being strongly contested in european academic and university circles. Due to these reactions and in an attempt to restore the historical truth about these matters, Sebastião Francisco de Mendo Trigoso Homem de Magalhães proposed to investigate contemporary historical sources and to refute the scientific studies then in vogue, as well as to corroborate other historiographical opinions about one of the most important periods in our history. The depth and scientific nature of his historical studies will influence new generations of portuguese historians, including the scientific excellence of Alexandre Herculano [1810-1877].
Brasileiros na Alemanha: motivações, perfil dos imigrantes e questões para debate
Authors: Cruz Eduardo , Falcão Roberto , Santos Aurélio
Published: July 2024

The article highlights the sociodemographic profile of Brazilian immigrants in Germany, opening space for academic and/or public policy discussions, when analyzing their sociodemographic profile and migratory motivations. A survey was carried out with 652 respondents, accessed in Facebook groups. The findings were triangulated with netnographic information extracted from the main Brazilian Facebook groups in Germany. The profile identified is mostly formed by young women, with a high schooling profile, who left Brazil for Germany, for relationship reasons (marriage or accompanying a spouse). Respondents declare that they do not have a set deadline to return, and they claim to have left Brazil due to lack of opportunities, violence, political instability and economic causes. The findings are contrasted with the typologies of immigration, being useful for the debate of public policies aimed at maintaining qualified Brazilians in the country, as well as attracting the capital generated by these migrants in the form of investments in business in Brazil.
O regresso à anormalidade: da guerra na Ucrânia ao surto inflacionista
Authors: Vila Maior Paulo
Published: July 2024

The invasion of Ukraine was a critical juncture on the International Economy with an economic crisis characterised by sudden and unexpected inflation. Before the invasion, economic agents and political actors (at the national, supranational, and international levels) were converted to low and long-term stable inflation. A perceived line of stability was abruptly eroded. Section 1 approaches the immediate causes of soaring inflation. Section 2 addresses the implications of a (then) unexpected inflation, considering the timing of macroeconomic forecasts for 2022. Section 3 explores the microeconomic effects of high and persistent inflation. Section 4 brings the normative dimension into the analysis, going back to the unfinished controversy between the two leading schools of economic thought (Keynesian and monetarist) on the macroeconomic priorities that influence the design of economic policy.
A Receita do Arcebispo de Lisboa em 1465-1466
Authors: Castro Henriques António
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we analyse and publish a yet unknown account of the revenues collected by the archbishop of Lisbon in 1465-1466 kept in the British Library. When combined with other sources, this document contains new information about the control and management solutions developed by Portuguese dioceses. Also, the quantitive information it contains provides a rare window into the structural changes that agrarian output underwent in Portugal after the Black Death.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu, Dukungan Suami, Dan Sikap Ibu Dengan Pemberian Imunisasi Dasar Pada Bayi
Authors: Lila Apriani  , Erma Puspita Sari  , Putu Lusita Nati Indriani  , Reffi Dhamayanti
Published: July 2024

Imunisasi adalah suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh seseorang secara aktif terhadap suatu penyakit, sehingga  bila suatu saat terpapar dengan penyakit tersebut tidak akan sakit atau hanya mengalami sakit ringan. Anak yang telah diberi imunisasi akan terlindung dari berbagai penyakit berbahaya yang dapat menimbulkan kecacatan atau kematian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel 45 responden. Analisis statistik yang dipergunakan adalah analisis univariat untuk melihat gambaran deskriptif, analisis bivariat untuk melihat hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu, dukungan suami, dan sikap dengan pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi usia  9-18 bulan di Puskesmas Satu Ulu Palembang. Tingkat kemaknaan penelitian 5%. Hasil uji statistik Chi–Square didapatkan p value pengetahuan = 0,000, p value dukungan suami = 0,037 dan p value sikap ibu = 0,036. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu, dukungan suami, dan sikap ibu dengan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi  di Puskesmas Satu Ulu Palembang tahun 2023. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan dapat meningkatkan kegiatan monitoring rutin dalam hal pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap sehingga pelaksanaannya dapat terlaksana dengan baik.