bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associated regions for multiple birth in Brown Swiss and Original Braunvieh cattle on chromosomes 15 and 11
Authors: Widmer Sarah , Seefried Franz R. , von Rohr Peter , Häfliger Irene M. , Spengeler Mirjam , Drögemüller Cord
Published: June 2022

Twin and multiple births have negative effects on the performance and health of cows and calves. To decipher the genetic architecture of this trait in the two Swiss Brown Swiss cattle populations, we performed various association analyses based on de‐regressed breeding values. Genome‐wide association analyses were executed using ~600 K imputed SNPs for the maternal multiple birth trait in ~3500 Original Braunvieh and ~7800 Brown Swiss animals. Significantly associated QTL were observed on different chromosomes for both breeds. We have identified on chromosome 11 a QTL that explains ~6% of the total genetic variance of the maternal multiple birth trait in Original Braunvieh. For the Brown Swiss breed, we have discovered a QTL on chromosome 15 that accounts for ~4% of the total genetic variance. For Original Braunvieh, subsequent haplotype analysis revealed a 90‐kb window on chromosome 11 at 88 Mb, where a likely regulatory region is located close to the ID2 gene. In Brown Swiss, a 130‐kb window at 75 Mb on chromosome 15 was identified. Analysis of whole‐genome sequence data using linkage‐disequilibrium estimation revealed possible causal variants for the identified QTL. A presumably regulatory variant in the non‐coding 5′ region of the ID2 gene was strongly associated with the haplotype for Original Braunvieh. In Brown Swiss, an intron variant in PRDM11, one 3′ UTR variant in SYT13 and three intergenic variants 5′ upstream of SYT13 were identified as candidate variants for the trait multiple birth maternal. In this study, we report for the first time QTL for the trait of multiple births in Original Braunvieh and Brown Swiss cattle. Moreover, our findings are another step towards a better understanding of the complex genetic architecture of this polygenic trait.
Genetic variation in chicken interferon signalling pathway genes in research lines showing differential viral resistance
Authors: Mountford Joshua , Gheyas Almas , Vervelde Lonneke , Smith Jacqueline
Published: June 2022

Avian viruses of economic interest are a significant burden on the poultry industry, affecting production traits and resulting in mortality. Furthermore, the zoonosis of avian viruses risks pandemics developing in humans. Vaccination is the most common method of controlling viruses; however current vaccines often lack cross‐protection against multiple strains of each virus. The mutagenicity of these viruses has also led to virulent strains emerging that can overcome the protection offered by vaccines. Breeding chickens with a more robust innate immune response may help in tackling current and emerging viruses. Understanding the genetic evolution of different lines will thus provide a useful tool in helping the host in the fight against pathogens. This study focuses on the interferon genes and their receptors in different chicken lines that are known to be more resistant or susceptible to particular avian viruses. Comparing genotypic differences in these core immune genes between the chicken lines may explain the phenotypic differences observed and aid the identification of causative variations. The relative resistance/susceptibility of each line to viruses of interest (Marek’s disease virus, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis virus and avian influenza virus) has previously been determined. Here we identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in interferons and downstream genes. Functional prediction tools were used to identify variants that may be affecting protein structure, mRNA secondary structure or transcription factor and micro‐RNA binding sites. These variants were then considered in the context of the research lines and their distribution between phenotypes. We highlight 60 variants of interest in the interferon pathway genes that may account for susceptibility/resistance to viral pathogens.
Quality of life following laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery with self‐adhesive mesh in 552 patients: a two surgeon experience
Authors: Lau Young Jade , Poynter Demi , Moss David , Singh Parry (Primal) , Weaver Abi , Poole Garth
Published: June 2022

Background

Given negative publicity surrounding surgical mesh in the media, the aim of this study was to assess post‐operative morbidity and quality of life (QoL) following laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery with self‐adhesive ProgripTM mesh.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of ProgripTM mesh for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs by two experienced surgeons in the public and private sectors. Data were collected by screening electronic clinical records. A sample of participants were contacted directly for QoL assessment using the Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel.

Results

Five hundred and fifty‐two patients had 648 hernia repairs using ProgripTM mesh from 2013 to 2019. The rate of hernia recurrence was 0.2% (n = 1). The rate of reoperation was 0.5% (n = 3). There were no mesh explant procedures, no adhesion‐related readmissions and no perioperative deaths. Haematoma was the most common post‐operative complication, occurring in 3.1% of participants (n = 17). The CCS assessment had a response rate of 55.8%. A total of 93% of CCS questions were answered with no sensation of mesh, 92% with no pain and 98% with no movement limitation. No participants reported severe or disabling symptoms.

Conclusion

In this cohort, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with ProgripTM has shown a low recurrence rate and excellent post‐operative QoL. The QoL data shows that the public perception of mesh based on media reports of complications may not be relevant for this operation. The knowledge gained from this study reinforces the potential value of a national mesh registry such as those seen overseas.
Editorial: higher levels of certain serum bile acids in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—new insights from Guatemala
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Targher Giovanni
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rivera‐Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17061
Editorial: the impact of red blood cell transfusion on inpatient mortality in upper gastrointestinal bleeding—authors’ reply
Authors: Radadiya Dhruvil , Devani Kalpit , Rockey Don C.
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Radadiya et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16965 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17048
Letter: association of circulating bile acid concentrations and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—authors’ reply
Authors: Rivera‐Andrade Alvaro , Petrick Jessica L. , Alvarez Christian S. , Graubard Barry I. , Florio Andrea A. , Kroker‐Lobos Maria F. , Parisi Dominick , Freedman Neal D. , Lazo Mariana , Guallar Eliseo , Groopman John D. , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel , McGlynn Katherine A.
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rivera–Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16986
Editorial: higher levels of certain serum bile acids in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease–new insights from Guatemala.Authors’ reply
Authors: Rivera‐Andrade Alvaro , Petrick Jessica L. , Alvarez Christian S. , Graubard Barry I. , Florio Andrea A. , Kroker‐Lobos Maria F. , Parisi Dominick , Freedman Neal D. , Lazo Mariana , Guallar Eliseo , Groopman John D. , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel , McGlynn Katherine A.
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rivera–Andrade et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16948 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16962
Letter: pancreatic involvement in inflammatory bowel disease—authors' reply
Authors: Massironi Sara , Viganò Chiara , Danese Silvio
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Massironi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16949 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17078
Reproductive biology of the Amazonian amphibian fish the splash tetra Copella arnoldi with emphasis to histological characterization
Authors: Cordeiro Jhennifer Gomes , Rodrigues Jeane , dos Santos Raquel , da Silva Rodrigues Maira , Nóbrega Rafael Henrique , da Silva Siqueira Felipe Fernando , Maximino Caio , de Siqueira‐Silva Diógenes Henrique
Published: June 2022

This study describes important components of the reproductive biology of the Amazonian amphibian fish Copella arnoldi. The species sex ratio biased to female 1.8 to 1 male and the length‐weight relationship also shown differences between sexes (b value = 1.854 for females and 2.235 for males), although both presented allometric growth (b < 3), “being lighter for its length”. The results also show the importance of the histological analysis to describe the gametogenesis and, consequently, define the reproductive cycle of a fish species. It showed both, males and females, spawning capable during a whole year, whereas the gonadosomatic index pointed spawning capable females during the winter and summer, and spawning capable males only in the autumn. The species presents the rare type of semicystic spermatogenesis and the spermatids complete their differentiation into the tubular lumen, forming a Type I spermatozoa. Both the characteristics are described for the first time for the Lebiasinidae family. Such data can contribute to the discussions about the position of the Lebiasinidae family within the Characiform order, which still does not have a conclusion. Moreover, understand the reproductive biology of a fish species helps its preservation in its habitat and may be applied in restoration programs.
Taking data feminism to school: A synthesis and review of pre‐collegiate data science education projects
Authors: Lee Victor R. , Pimentel Daniel R. , Bhargava Rahul , D'Ignazio Catherine
Published: June 2022

As the field of K‐12 data science education continues to take form, humanistic approaches to teaching and learning about data are needed. Data feminism is an approach that draws on feminist scholarship and action to humanize data and contend with the relationships between data and power. In this review paper, we draw on principles from data feminism to review 42 different educational research and design approaches that engage youth with data, many of which are educational technology intensive and bear on future data‐intensive educational technology research and design projects. We describe how the projects engage students with examining power, challenging power, elevating emotion and lived experience, rethinking binaries and hierarchies, embracing pluralism, considering context, and making labour visible. In doing so, we articulate ways that current data education initiatives involve youth in thinking about issues of justice and inclusion. These projects may offer examples of varying complexity for future work to contend with and, ideally, extend in order to further realize data feminism in K‐12 data science education.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Data feminism is an emergent framework for changing data practices and discourse in service of equity and justice.

Data science education is rapidly growing as a topic of interest in the educational technology research and design communities.

Many educational technology and design projects have been launched and shared in publications that preceded the widespread distribution of the data feminism framework.

What this paper adds

Data feminism is partially re‐articulated in terms familiar to educational technology research communities.

Prior and recent projects are organized with respect to how they illustrate potential connections to core data feminism principles.

This paper identifies specific strategies that recent projects have used that have potential for realizing data feminism principles.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Educational technologists can use the re‐articulated principles of data feminism for education to inform their future design work.

Tractable steps to achieve data justice that are attainable within existing educational systems can be pursued.

Communities can and should bring together multiple ways of knowing to support new educational practices and futures with data.
Human pluripotent stem cells for the modelling of retinal pigment epithelium homeostasis and disease: A review
Authors: Hall Jenna C , Paull Daniel , Pébay Alice , Lidgerwood Grace E.
Published: June 2022

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which include induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells, are powerful tools for studying human development, physiology and disease, including those affecting the retina. Cells from selected individuals, or specific genetic backgrounds, can be differentiated into distinct cell types allowing the modelling of diseases in a dish for therapeutic development. hPSC‐derived retinal cultures have already been used to successfully model retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration for various retinal diseases including monogenic conditions and complex disease such as age‐related macular degeneration. Here, we will review the current knowledge gained in understanding the molecular events involved in retinal disease using hPSC‐derived retinal models, in particular RPE models. We will provide examples of various conditions to illustrate the scope of applications associated with the use of hPSC‐derived RPE models.
Clinical, radiographic, and biochemical evaluation of two‐piece versus one‐piece single implants with a laser‐microgrooved collar surface after 5 years of functional loading
Authors: Guarnieri Renzo , Reda Rodolfo , Di Nardo Dario , Miccoli Gabriele , Zanza Alessio , Testarelli Luca
Published: June 2022

Aim

To compare the clinical and radiographic conditions and the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) at two‐piece/bone level (TP/BL) versus one‐piece/tissue level (OP/TL) single implants with a laser‐microgrooved collar after at least 5 years of loading.

Materials and Methods

In total, 20 single TP/BL implants and 20 contralateral OP/TL implants, both with a laser‐microgrooved collar surface, in 20 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (12 males and 8 females, between the age of 36 and 64 [mean age of 49.7 ± 12.3 years]), were examined. Levels of IL‐1β, IL‐1RA, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17, b‐FGF, G‐CSF, GM‐CSF, IFN, MIP‐1β, TNF‐α, and VEGF were assessed in PICF using the Bio‐Plex 200 Suspension Array System. Plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival recession (REC) were recorded. Radiographic crestal bone levels (CBL) were assessed at the mesial and distal aspects of the implant sites.

Results

The mean PI, PD, BOP, and REC values had no significant differences in either group. A higher mean value of CBL with statistical difference was detected for TP/BL compared with OP/TL implants. The levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, GM‐CSF, and MIP‐1β and TNF‐α were higher at TP/BL implants than at OP/TL implants. However, only IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α values presented significant differences between the groups.

Conclusions

Although after 5 years of loading single TP/BL and OP/TL implants with a laser‐microgrooved collar surface presented similar good clinical conditions, a higher proinflammatory state and higher crestal bone loss were detected for TP/BL implants.
Demographic responses of an insular elephant population to removal as a management intervention
Authors: Guldemond Robert A. R. , Louw Cornelius J. , Maré Celesté , Nørgaard Camilla , van Aarde Rudi J.
Published: June 2022

Disturbances that change population structure may evoke transient dynamics that can be assessed within a demographic resilience framework. Conservation management interventions are conceptually disturbances that can be evaluated through such a framework to inform management actions and goals. The Main Camp in Addo Elephant National Park in South Africa presents a case study. Here management reduced the size of the elephant (Loxodonta africana) population by ~26%. We compared population growth, modelled trends, constructed life tables and parameterized population projection matrices from data collected before, during and after the interventions. The interventions reduced population size and density, but co‐occurring droughts may have reduced subsequent population growth and stage‐specific survival. Transient dynamics followed the interventions and droughts and were associated with an unstable stage structure. The effect of adult survival on modelled asymptotic growth (its elasticity) was greater than a change in fertility. However, lowered juvenile survival contributed most to changes in transient growth. Management plans for elephant populations should consider the length of transients induced by interventions and environmental disturbances such as droughts. Our approach can benefit the assessment of population responses of elephants to disturbances such as poaching and persistent droughts elsewhere in Africa.
CK20/CK7 double‐negative Merkel cell carcinoma in situ: A case report
Authors: Richardson William Mark , Hohmann Alexandra , Usmani Hunya , Lozeau Daniel , Huston Tara L.
Published: June 2022

An 83‐year‐old male with a history of both melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancers presented with a light pink non‐ulcerated slightly raised 0.6 × 0.5‐cm papule on his left lower extremity. Biopsy specimen revealed a proliferation of intraepidermal round blue cells. On immunohistochemical staining, CD56, chromogranin, and pancytokeratin were faintly positive within the lesional population, while synaptophysin was strongly positive. CD45, CK5/6, CK7, CK20, Melan‐A, SOX10, and TTF‐1 stains were negative. There was no dermal component identified. A Merkel cell polyomavirus stain was negative. Distant metastases and other in situ pathologies were excluded and a diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma in situ (MMCIS) was made. The majority of MCCIS lesions reported in the literature have been discovered amongst other non‐melanoma neoplasms. Our findings of an MCCIS with purely intraepidermal involvements without the association with another squamous cell neoplasm is rare finding.
Lanbotulinumtoxin‐A: Safe for children with cerebral palsy but is it effective?
Authors: Hastings‐Ison Tandy , Graham Kerr
Published: June 2022

This commentary is on the original article by Li et al. on pages 86‐93 of this issue.
The well‐being and mental health of doctoral candidates
Authors: Kismihók Gábor , McCashin Darragh , Mol Stefan T. , Cahill Brian
Published: June 2022

After a long period of relative neglect, the mental well‐being and the mental health of researchers and employees in academia are increasingly entering the limelight. The growing body of evidence suggests that a high number of doctoral researchers work under elevated levels of stress and frustration, and that this has a significant impact not only on their personal health and research output, but also on their future career development. In this paper, therefore, we first discuss what a dystopian and a utopian learning journey of early career researchers may look like from a well‐being perspective. Subsequently, and based on extensive dialogues with more than 250 researchers and professionals active in the researcher mental health domain, we highlight a number of key focal points that both early career researchers, their supervisors, and institutions alike should consider when it comes to planning and delivering mental health oriented educational activities for doctoral researchers.
Local adaptation through countergradient selection in northern populations of Skeletonema marinoi
Authors: Sefbom Josefin , Kremp Anke , Hansen Per Juel , Johannesson Kerstin , Godhe Anna , Rengefors Karin
Published: June 2022

Marine microorganisms have the potential to disperse widely with few obvious barriers to gene flow. However, among microalgae, several studies have demonstrated that species can be highly genetically structured with limited gene flow among populations, despite hydrographic connectivity. Ecological differentiation and local adaptation have been suggested as drivers of such population structure. Here we tested whether multiple strains from two genetically distinct Baltic Sea populations of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi showed evidence of local adaptation to their local environments: the estuarine Bothnian Sea and the marine Kattegat Sea. We performed reciprocal transplants of multiple strains between culture media based on water from the respective environments, and we also allowed competition between strains of estuarine and marine origin in both salinities. When grown alone, both marine and estuarine strains performed best in the high‐salinity environment, and estuarine strains always grew faster than marine strains. This result suggests local adaptation through countergradient selection, that is, genetic effects counteract environmental effects. However, the higher growth rate of the estuarine strains appears to have a cost in the marine environment and when strains were allowed to compete, marine strains performed better than estuarine strains in the marine environment. Thus, other traits are likely to also affect fitness. We provide evidence that tolerance to pH could be involved and that estuarine strains that are adapted to a more fluctuating pH continue growing at higher pH than marine strains.
Resilience of Environmental and Social Stocks under Stress: Lessons from the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Abedifar Pejman , Bouslah Kais , Neumann Christopher , Tarazi Amine
Published: June 2022

This paper examines whether environmental and social (ES) activities affect the resiliency of firms during the COVID‐19 crisis. We study a sample of 330 firms operating in five developed countries: Canada, France, Japan, the UK and the US. Our analysis shows that US firms with a high ES ranking experienced a significantly lower stock price range volatility during the Covid stock market rundown of February‐March 2020. Such findings also hold for Japanese firms but only later on after the introduction of government support. In terms of returns, compared to their peers with a low ES ranking, Japanese and UK stock prices with a high ES ranking suffered more during and after the market rundown. For other countries, we do not find significant differences in stock price behavior based on ES ratings. Our findings suggest that engaging with ES activities is not associated with a better or worse performance during crisis times, which has important implications for investors and managers.
Prevention interventions for interpersonal violence occurring under the influence of alcohol: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: Wright Mea Mirella Marjatta , Kankkunen Päivi Marjatta , Jokiniemi Krista Susanna
Published: June 2022

Aims

To (a) explore risk indicators related to interpersonal violence occurring under the influence of alcohol and to (b) search for interventions addressed towards violence perpetrators to prevent violence occurring under the influence of alcohol.

Design

Mixed method systematic review. This study has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with register number CRD42021217848.

Data sources

A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus in October 2021.

Review methods

Two researchers independently examined 1076 papers following the inclusion criteria. After three rounds of selection (title, abstract and full text), the quality and bias assessments were conducted independently by two reviewers. The data were analysed with inductive and deductive content analyses.

Results

Of the 1076 papers retrieved, 16 papers were eligible for inclusion, addressing 13 different interventions. Interventions were divided into three types (individual‐, group‐ and family‐level) and were constructed on several background frameworks, with cognitive behavioural therapy being the most common framework. Family‐level interventions seemed to yield the most effective results. Violence occurring under the influence of alcohol was mostly researched as men being the perpetrators and women being the victims of violence. Several indicators that increased the risk of violence victimization or perpetration, such as trait jealousy and disparity in education, were identified.

Conclusion

Interventions emerging from the systematic review were heterogenous, and the outcomes of the interventions were versatile. The disparity between interventions and outcome measures made it challenging to reliably compare the effectiveness between interventions. Using standardized outcome measure instruments and unifying research on interventions are needed to reliably assess the effectiveness of different interventions.
Potential triggering factors associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A large single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Li Runting , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Yuanli
Published: June 2022

Controlling blood pressure levels is critical to preventing intracranial aneurysm rupture, and a summary review of induced rupture events allows better health education for patients. We retrospectively reviewed all medical records of consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2015 to 2020. We collected patients’ demographic information, aneurysm morphology, blood pressure level on admission, time to onset, and events at the time of aneurysm rupture to analyze the factors precipitating aneurysmal rupture. A total of 764 patients were enrolled for analysis, including 461 (60.3%) female patients and 303 (39.7%) male patients. The mean age of onset in this cohort was 55, and 465 (60.9%) patients had hypertension history. Autumn (245/764 [32.1%]) was the most frequent season for aneurysm rupture, and 07:00–12:59 (277/764 [36.3%]) was the most frequent time frame for aneurysm rupture. The five most prevalent events when aneurysm rupture happened were: (1) daily behaviors that may induce hypertension (181/764 [23.7%]), especially defecation or micturition (116/181 [64.1%]); (2) sporting (162/764 [21.2%]), especially high‐intensity sports (108/162 [66.7%]); (3) mood and mental factors (112/764 [14.7%]), especially arguing or quarreling (61/112 [54.5%]); (4) sudden postural changes (93/764 [12.2%]), especially getting up (69/93 [74.2%]); and (5) sleeping (72/764 [9.4%]). Patients should avoid behaviors that may cause fluctuations in blood pressure, including keeping warm during seasonal alternation, keeping their urine and defecation unobstructed, avoiding high intensity physical exercise, maintaining a happy mood, avoiding sudden postural changes, and should not bathe with too cold or too hot water.
Types and prevalence of adverse skin reactions associated with prolonged N95 and simple mask usage during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Darnall A.R. , Sall D. , Bay C.
Published: June 2022

Background

As the coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic persists on a global level, the chronic daily use of face masks within the healthcare system remains an important component of disease prevention and transmission. Increased use of personal protective equipment (PPE) may result in increased rates of occupational dermatoses and adverse skin reactions.

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to explore how chronic, prolonged use of N95 masks or simple surgical masks affects the prevalence of adverse skin reactions in Healthcare Workers (HCWs).

Methods

An optional, quantitative, web‐based survey was administered to patient‐facing HCWs across six network hospitals in a large metropolitan city. Data were analysed to assess the types and sites of adverse skin reactions, and to evaluate correlations between single mask use duration and adverse skin reactions.

Results

A total of 230 HCWs responded with 192 endorsing occupational dermatoses. Among the healthcare responders, (n = 192, 83.5%) experienced at least one adverse skin reaction. The most common occupational adverse skin reactions were acne (n = 133, 57.8%), dryness (n = 108, 47.0%) and redness (n = 105, 45.7%). Anatomical areas most commonly affected included the nasal bridge (n = 92, 40.0%), cheeks (n = 92, 40.0%) and chin (n = 91, 39.6%). Acne (P = 0.002), dryness/scaling (P = 0.002), increased pore size (0.003), itch (P = 0.003), nasal bridge scarring (P < 0.001), redness (P < 0.001), frictional erosions (P = 0.001) and ulcerations (P = 0.002) showed a positive correlation to duration of mask use.

Conclusions

Prolonged, daily usage of PPE is associated with numerous adverse skin reactions among HCWs with acne being the most commonly seen adverse reaction. Many adverse reactions are associated with prolonged use of single mask.
Preparing an integrated self‐management support intervention for people living with schizophrenia: Creating collaborative spaces
Authors: Strong Susan , Letts Lori , Gillespie Alycia , Martin Mary‐Lou , McNeely Heather E.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

This article describes the planning and development of a novel self‐management support protocol, self‐management engaging together (SET) for Health, purposefully designed and embedded within traditional case management services to be accessible to people living with schizophrenia and comorbidities. Drawing on established self‐management principles, SET for Health was codesigned by researchers, healthcare providers and clients, to create a practical and meaningful intervention to support the target group to manage their own health and wellness. Decision making is described behind tailoring the self‐management innovation to meet the needs of an at risk, disadvantaged group served by tertiary, public health care in Canada.

Method

This integrated knowledge translation (IKT) study used a descriptive approach to document the process of planning and operationalizing the SET for Health intervention as a part of routine care in two community‐based teams providing predominantly schizophrenia services. Diffusion of innovations literature informed planning. The setting was strategically prepared for organizational change. A situational assessment and theoretical frameworks identified contextual elements to be addressed. Existing established self‐management approaches for mental illness were appraised.

Results

When a review of established approaches revealed incongruence with the aims and context of service delivery, common essential elements were distilled. To facilitate collaborative client–provider self‐management conversations and self‐management learning opportunities, core components were operationalized by the use of tailored interactive tools. The materials coproduced by clients and providers offered joint reference tools, foundational for capacity‐building and recognition of progress.

Conclusion

Planning and developing a model of self‐management support for integration into traditional schizophrenia case management services required attention to the complex social ecological nature of the treatment approach and the workplace context. Demonstration of proof of concept is described in a separate paper.
Police in schools: The complicated impact on students, school environments, and the juvenile courts
Authors: Mallett Christopher A.
Published: June 2022

Having police officers in schools (school resource officers ‐ SROs) is controversial with a growing debate as their presence has proliferated nationally over the past twenty years. A majority of high schools and middle schools today have police on campus providing a variety of services, though primarily law enforcement. While the intent is to provide improved school safety and protection to students, unexpectedly this has not been the outcome for many school campuses when reviewing most criminal activity or, tragically, school shootings. While the presence of SROs is complicated, the unintended impact has harmed more students than ever anticipated by criminalizing misbehaviors and disorderly conduct, making the learning environment less conducive by negatively changing school climates, and disproportionately impacting many already at‐risk young people – those of color, those with disabilities, and those who identify as LGBTQ. While recent Black Lives Matter movement advocacy has removed SROs from a small number of school districts across the country, additional change looks to be quite difficult even though ongoing research continues to find disparate and unexpected negative student, school, and justice system pathway outcomes, while not making schools safer. This paper reviews this empirical, practice, and policy conundrum, and the impact on the juvenile courts.
Circulating adiponectin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease‐related liver fibrosis: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Tontikidou Christina , Makri Evangelia S , Evripidou Kleo , Goulis Dimitrios G , Goulas Antonis , Polyzos Stergios A
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

There are conflicting data on adiponectin concentrations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main aim was to compare circulating total adiponectin concentrations in NAFLD patients with versus without liver fibrosis.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Twenty‐two studies comprising 1753 biopsy‐proven NAFLD individuals (1290 with and 463 without fibrosis) were included in the meta‐analysis.

Results

There was no difference in adiponectin concentration between NAFLD patients with versus without fibrosis (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.15; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.35 to 0.05). Heterogeneity was moderate among studies (Ι2: 60%, P < 0.001); no risk of publication bias was observed (Egger's test; P = 0.37). The sensitivity analysis, performed after the exclusion of studies with (i) children/adolescents and morbidly obese patients (n = 3) and (ii) adiponectin measurement with other methods than enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 9), revealed significantly lower adiponectin concentrations in NAFLD patients with fibrosis (i) SMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.04; (ii) SMD: ‐0.30, 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.04, respectively). Meta‐regression analysis revealed no significant association of adiponectin SMD with age, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyl‐transferase, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and the proportion of men.

Conclusions

Overall, patients with NAFLD and fibrosis had similar adiponectin concentrations with patients with NAFLD without fibrosis. However, adiponectin concentration was lower in NAFLD patients with fibrosis than those without fibrosis within the adult patients without morbid obesity and in studies in which adiponectin was measured with the same method (ELISA).
A playbook for effective age advocacy on Twitter
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole , Liu Luyao
Published: June 2022

Background

Central to raising awareness of ageism are advocacy organizations dedicated to serving the needs and interests of older adults. Although many of these organizations have cultivated an online presence, inquiry into the effectiveness of age advocacy work on social media remains an untapped area. Our foray into this topic explores how different tweet features predict the level of engagement of posts uploaded by age advocacy organizations on Twitter.

Methods

Tweets (N = 403,426) were collected from 53 accounts and spanned 12 years from July 2009 to October 2021. After applying our exclusion criteria, 204,905 tweets were retained for analysis. We analyzed the tweet features (predictors) and engagement level (outcome variable) using a linear mixed‐effects model.

Results

Tweets with higher engagement are those with a URL, with at least three hashtags, with visuals (GIF, photo, or video), which are quote tweets, and which are posted in the evening or at night Central Standard Time (CST), adjusting for account‐level variables (e.g., follower count). Conversely, tweets with more than one mention, which are replies and which are uploaded in the morning are associated with lower engagement.

Conclusion

The rise of digital media means that advocates have the opportunity to communicate their messages to reach a critical mass. This is the first known study to offer an evidence‐informed playbook for age advocacy organizations to optimize outreach efforts by maximizing online engagement. These results represent a crucial step in ongoing efforts to tackle ageism, an issue that has long been under‐discussed.
Diabetes and cancer: Optimising glycaemic control
Authors: Joharatnam‐Hogan Nalinie , Morganstein Daniel L.
Published: June 2022

Diabetes and cancer are both common and increasingly prevalent conditions, but emerging epidemiological evidence confirms that the risk of developing a number of common cancers is increased in those with type 2 diabetes. The risk of cancer in type 1 diabetes is less clearly defined, and therefore this review focuses on type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence also supports an influence of diabetes on outcomes of cancer treatment. However, this relationship is bi‐directional, with cancer and its treatment impacting on glucose control, whereas there is also emerging evidence indicating that diabetes care can deteriorate after a cancer diagnosis. Despite these clear links, there is a lack of evidence to guide clinicians in how to manage patients with diabetes during their cancer treatment. Although recent UK guidelines have started to address this, with the development of guidance for the management of hyperglycaemia in cancer, there is a clear need for wider guidance on the management of multi‐morbidity during cancer, including diabetes and obesity, to incorporate nutritional management. We have therefore undertaken a narrative review of the evidence of links between type 2 diabetes and cancer incidence and outcomes, and discuss the challenges to diabetes care during cancer treatment.
Economías inflamables en tiempos de COVID‐19: La reventa de gasolina en la frontera de Venezuela–Brasil
Authors: Morillo Ramos Morelia , van Roekel Eva
Published: June 2022

La reventa de gasolina brasilera en la frontera Venezuela–Brasil es un acontecimiento emergente que facilita el entendimiento sociopolítico nuevo de las estrategias de sobrevivencia locales más allá de la resiliencia social e informalidad en tiempos de crisis. Esta actividad económica pertenece a un modo altamente cambiante de vivir que se da en estos espacios transfronterizos en donde el oro es el principal eslabón de una cadena comercial que enlaza diversas economías subterráneas. Basado en una investigación etnográfica y colaborativa, en este artículo mostramos que la reventa de gasolina se da aún con mayor virulencia en tiempos de crisis múltiples y fronteras cerradas, situaciones agudizadas por el contexto pandémico actual, convirtiendo economías subterráneas ya existentes más bien en “economías inflamables”. Con ello nos referimos a una economía informal en tiempos de crisis, sumamente volátil y contagiosa, cuyos efectos proliferan avivados por la ambivalencia legal cada día más generalizada.
Histidine auxotroph mutant is defective for cell separation and allows the identification of crucial factors for cell division in Brucella abortus
Authors: Roba Agnès , Carlier Elodie , Godessart Pierre , Naili Cerine , De Bolle Xavier
Published: June 2022

The pathogenic bacterium Brucella abortus invades and multiplies inside host cells. To grow inside host cells, B. abortus requires a functional histidine biosynthesis pathway. Here, we show that a B. abortus histidine auxotroph mutant also displays an unexpected chaining phenotype. The intensity of this phenotype varies according to the culture medium and is exacerbated inside host cells. Chains of bacteria consist of contiguous peptidoglycan, and likely result from the defective cleavage of peptidoglycan at septa. Genetic suppression of the chaining phenotype unearthed two essential genes with a role in B. abortus cell division: dipM and cdlP. Loss of function of dipM and cdlP generates swelling at the division site. While DipM is strictly localized at the division site, CdlP is localized at the growth pole and the division site. Altogether, the unexpected chaining phenotype of a hisB mutant allowed the discovery of new crucial actors in cell division in B. abortus.
Effects of maternal voice on painful procedures in preterm and full‐term infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ding Shenglan , Huang Xiuhua , Li Xue , Shen Yi , Yang Lili
Published: June 2022

Background

Preterm and full‐term infants are often exposed to painful procedures during their hospitalization and pain management should be implemented. Maternal voice is a kind of non‐pharmacologic pain management strategy. However, the efficacy of maternal voice on painful procedures is unclear.

Aims

To evaluate the effects of maternal voice on painful procedures in preterm and full‐term infants.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses from inception to March 2022. Review Manager 5.3 was used for data analysis. Random effects model was used for pooling data and the quality of outcomes was assessed by GRADE evidence profiles.

Results

A total of 10 studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis with 323 participants in the intervention groups and 325 in the control groups. The results showed that maternal voice could reduce pain levels during and until 10 min after painful procedures compared with routine care (SMD = −0.78, 95%CI [−1.12, −0.44], Z = 4.44, p < .00001; SMD = −0.36, 95%CI [−0.66, −0.06], Z = 2.33, p = .02; SMD = −0.87, 95%CI [−1.40, −0.34], Z = 3.20, p = .001; SMD = −0.94, 95%CI [−1.48, −0.41], Z = 3.44, p = .0006; SMD = −1.30, 95%CI [−1.59, −1.01], Z = 8.76, p < .00001, respectively). Patients in maternal voice group had a lower increase in heart rate during and until 2 min after painful procedures (all p < .05). Oxygen saturation was significantly higher in maternal voice group during and until 4 min after painful procedures (all p < .05). The results revealed that maternal voice showed statistically significant effects in respiratory rate and comfort levels during the painful procedures (all p < .05).

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta‐analysis indicated that maternal voice was effective in reducing procedural pain levels. The vital signs of patients in maternal voice group were more stable.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Maternal voice can be used as an effective non‐pharmacologic intervention to alleviate procedural pain for preterm and full‐term infants during their hospitalization. Because the quality of synthesized evidence was ‘moderate’ to ‘very low’, larger sample size and high quality studies are warranted.
Is there an epistemic advantage to being oppressed?
Authors: Dror Lidal
Published: June 2022

Do the oppressed have an epistemic advantage when it comes to knowing about the systems that oppress them? If so, what explains this advantage? In this paper, I consider whether an epistemic advantage can be derived from the oppressed's contingent tendency to have more relevant experiences and motivation than the non‐oppressed; or, alternatively, whether an advantage derives from the oppressed's very lived experience, thus being in principle unavailable to the non‐oppressed. I then explore the potential role of knowledge‐how for explaining an epistemic advantage. Ultimately, I conclude that the oppressed tend to have a contingent advantage, while rejecting that they have one in principle, except for when their phenomenological experience has an effect on the veracity of the claims they make. This has the important upshot that privileged people are not epistemically disadvantaged in principle and are thus often blameworthy for their ignorance about oppression.
What does person‐centred care mean, if you weren't considered a person anyway: An engagement with person‐centred care and Black, queer, feminist, and posthuman approaches
Authors: Smith Jamie B. , Willis Eva‐Maria , Hopkins‐Walsh Jane
Published: June 2022

Despite the prominence of person‐centred care (PCC) in nursing, there is no general agreement on the assumptions and the meaning of PCC. We sympathize with the work of others who rethink PCC towards relational, embedded, and temporal selfhood rather than individual personhood. Our perspective addresses criticism of humanist assumptions in PCC using critical posthumanism as a diffraction from dominant values  We highlight the problematic realities that might be produced in healthcare, leading to some people being more likely to be disenfranchised from healthcare than others. We point to the colonial, homo‐ and transphobic, racist, ableist, and ageist consequences of humanist traditions that have influenced the development of PCC. We describe the deep rooted conditions that structurally uphold inequality and undermine nursing practice that PCC reproduces. We advocate for the self‐determination of patients and emphasize that we support the fundamental mechanisms of PCC enabling patients' choice; however, without critical introspection, these are limited to a portion of humans. Last, we present limitations of our perspective based on our white*‐cisheteropatriarchy** positionality. We point to the fact that any reimagining of models such as PCC should be carefully done by listening, following, and ceding power to people with diversity dimensions*** and the lived experience or expertise that exists from diverse perspectives. We point towards Black, queer feminism, and critical disabilities studies to contextualize our point of critique with humanism and PCC to amplify equity for all people and communities. Theory and philosophy are useful to understand restrictive factors in healthcare delivery and to inform systematic strategies to improve the quality of care so as not to perpetuate the oppression of groups of people with diversity dimensions. *We purposely capitalize Black and use lower case for white to decentre whiteness and as an intentional act of antiracism (see White Homework a podcast series by Tori W. Douglas). **Cisheteropatriarchy describes people with intersecting identities of dominant social groups; cisgender is the gender identity that aligns with the gender you were assigned at birth, hetero means heterosexual, and patriarchy refers to structural systems of power based on maleness where women are often excluded and hold less power. ***With diversity dimensions, we refer to subjective lived experience and material realities of people that exist outside the ‘dominant minorities' of white‐cisheteropatriarchy, meaning groups of people in society who historically and currently hold more power and through this, structurally dominate the norms and possibilities of living for other people.
Between spin doctor and information provider: Conceptualizing communication professionals in government ministries
Authors: Figenschou Tine U. , Karlsen Rune , Kolltveit Kristoffer
Published: June 2022

Communication professionals are increasingly found within government ministries. Based on classic work on bureaucracy and recent literature on mediatization and personalization, this article develops two ideal types: the government information provider and government spin doctor. These ideals are constituted by six dimensions: recruitment criteria, values, loyalties, reputational concerns, interactions, and tasks. A study of nonpartisan communication professionals in Norwegian ministries is used to illustrate the empirical relevance of the ideal types. The analysis shows that for loyalties and reputational concerns, Norwegian communication professionals resemble the government information provider. Regarding interactions and tasks, they resemble the government spin doctor. For recruitment criteria and values, the picture is mixed. The empirical application thereby illustrates a fruitful aspect of the framework as certain configurations will bring forth inbuilt tension in communication professionals' role. The framework allows a fine‐grained approach to extend ongoing debates of appropriate and inappropriate practices of communication professionals in ministries.