bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity, composition and potential roles of sedimentary microbial communities in different coastal substrates around subtropical Okinawa Island, Japan
Authors: Hamamoto Kohei , Mizuyama Masaru , Nishijima Miyuki , Maeda Ayumi , Gibu Kodai , Poliseno Angelo , Iguchi Akira , Reimer James Davis
Published: July 2024

Background

Marine benthic prokaryotic communities play crucial roles in material recycling within coastal environments, including coral reefs. Coastal sedimentary microbiomes are particularly important as potential reservoirs of symbiotic, beneficial, and pathogenic bacteria in coral reef environments, and therefore presumably play a core role in local ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of studies comparing different environments with multiple sites on the island scale, particularly studies focusing on prokaryotic communities, as previous investigations have focused mainly on a single site or on specific environmental conditions. In our study, we collected coastal sediments from seven sites around Okinawa Island, Japan, including three different benthic types; sandy bottoms, seagrass meadows, and hard substratum with living scleractinian corals. We then used metabarcoding to identify prokaryotic compositions and estimate enzymes encoded by genes to infer their functions.

Results

The results showed that the three substrata had significantly different prokaryotic compositions. Seagrass meadow sites exhibited significantly higher prokaryotic alpha-diversity compared to sandy bottom sites. ANCOM analysis revealed that multiple bacterial orders were differentially abundant within each substratum. At coral reef sites, putative disease- and thermal stress-related opportunistic bacteria such as Rhodobacterales, Verrucomicrobiales, and Cytophagales were comparatively abundant, while seagrass meadow sites abundantly harbored Desulfobacterales, Steroidobacterales and Chromatiales, which are common bacterial orders in seagrass meadows. According to our gene-coded enzyme analyses the numbers of differentially abundant enzymes were highest in coral reef sites. Notably, superoxide dismutase, an important enzyme for anti-oxidative stress in coral tissue, was abundant at coral sites. Our results provide a list of prokaryotes to look into in each substrate, and further emphasize the importance of considering the microbiome, especially when focusing on environmental conservation.

Conclusion

Our findings prove that prokaryotic metabarcoding is capable of capturing compositional differences and the diversity of microbial communities in three different environments. Furthermore, several taxa were suggested to be differentially more abundant in specific environments, and gene-coded enzymic compositions also showed possible differences in ecological functions. Further study, in combination with field observations and temporal sampling, is key to achieving a better understanding of the interactions between the local microbiome and the surrounding benthic community.
Novel Antennapedia and Ultrabithorax trimeric complexes with TBP and Exd regulate transcription
Authors: Villarreal-Puente Alely , Altamirano-Torres Claudia , Jiménez-Mejía Gustavo , Hernández-Bautista Carolina , Montalvo-Méndez Rubén , Vázquez Martha , Zurita Mario , Reséndez-Pérez Diana
Published: July 2024

Background

Hox proteins interact with DNA and many other proteins, co-factors, transcriptional factors, chromatin remodeling components, non-coding RNAs and even the extracellular matrix that assembles the Hox complexes. The number of interacting partners continues to grow with diverse components and more transcriptional factors than initially thought. Hox complexes present many activities, but their molecular mechanisms to modulate their target genes remain unsolved.

Results

In this paper we showed the protein-protein interaction of Antp with Ubx through the homeodomain using BiFC in Drosophila. Analysis of Antp-deletional mutants showed that AntpHD helixes 1 and 2 are required for the interaction with Ubx. Also, we found a novel interaction of Ubx with TBP, in which the PolyQ domain of TBP is required for the interaction. Moreover, we also detected the formation of two new trimeric complexes of Antp with Ubx, TBP and Exd using BiFC-FRET; these proteins, however, do not form a trimeric interaction with BIP2 or TFIIEβ. The novel trimeric complexes reduced Antp transcriptional activity, indicating that they could confer specificity for repression.

Conclusions

Our results increase the number of transcriptional factors in the Antp and Ubx interactomes that form two novel trimeric complexes with TBP and Exd. We also report a new Ubx interaction with TBP. These novel interactions provide important clues of the dynamics of Hox-interacting complexes involved in transcriptional regulation, contributing to better understand Hox function.
Long-Run Trends in Long-Maturity Real Rates, 1311–2022
Authors: Rogoff Kenneth S. , Rossi Barbara , Schmelzing Paul
Published: July 2024

Taking advantage of key recent advances in long-run economic and financial data, we analyze the statistical properties of global long-maturity real interest rates over the past seven centuries. In contrast to existing consensus, we find that real interest rates are in fact trend stationary and exhibit a persistent downward trend since the Renaissance. We investigate structural breaks in real interest rates over time and find that overall the Black Death and the 1557 “Trinity default” appear as consistent inflection points. We further show that demographic and productivity factors do not represent convincing drivers of real interest rates over long spans. (JEL E43, F30, N20)
Learning by Necessity: Government Demand, Capacity Constraints, and Productivity Growth
Authors: Ilzetzki Ethan
Published: July 2024

This paper studies how firms adapt to demand shocks when facing capacity constraints. I show that increases in government purchases raise total factor productivity in quantity units at the production line level. Productivity gains are concentrated in plants facing tighter capacity constraints, a phenomenon I call “learning by necessity.” Evidence is based on newly digitized archival data on US World War II aircraft production. Shifts in demand across aircraft with different strategic roles provide an instrument for aircraft demand. I show that plants adapted to surging demand by improving production methods, outsourcing, and combating absenteeism, primarily when facing tighter capacity constraints. (JEL D22, D24, E62, L93, N12, N42, N62)
Prevalence of Comorbidities among Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Population
Authors: Sattar Kamran , Irfan Karim Syed , Akram Ashfaq , Abdulaziz Alrashed Fahad
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study sought to quantify the link between low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol, glycemic control as measured by Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, and the impact of weight changes on subsequent risk of chronic heart disease in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: This study was conducted at Primary Care Clinics from April to September 2023. The data were retrieved from the e-SiHi (a patient care management system). Appropriate parametric tests and non-parametric analysis were applied following the normality of the data.
Results: In diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, the Pearson correlation between the cholesterol and LDL relationship was found to be strongly positive and statistically significant (r = .877, p <.001). HbA1c and cholesterol were moderately positive and statistically significant (r =.330, p =.003). Pearson correlation between DM and weight was found to be positive and statistically significant (r =.212, p =.05). Chi-square analysis showed an association of DM with Hypertension, and this association was also significant; X2 (1, n = 83; 11.877; P <.001).
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus regardless of gender, has a strong association with hypertension and weight gain. In DM patients, cholesterol and HbA1c are positively correlated. There is a strong need that primary care physicians should persistently advise for lifestyle changes in all their consultations with DM patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9003
How to cite this: Sattar K, Karim SI, Akram A, Alrashed FA. Prevalence of Comorbidities among Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Population. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9003
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Mulheres negras empreendedoras e seus comportamentos de superação
Authors: Feitosa Hillary de Lima , Mascena Keysa Manuela Cunha de
Published: July 2024

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar os desafios enfrentados e os comportamentos de superação desenvolvidos pelas mulheres negras empreendedoras. Desenvolve-se uma pesquisa exploratória indutiva por meio de entrevistas individuais com empreendedoras negras. Os resultados evidenciam que a interseccionalidade de raça e gênero impacta a maneira de empreender de mulheres negras, seus desafios e comportamentos de superação. Esse estudo contribui ao identificar comportamentos de superação, sendo eles: sororidade, aquilombamento, resiliência e aprendizado contínuo. Este artigo contribui para a literatura centrada nos desafios e dificuldades da mulher negra ao avançar na compreensão dos comportamentos de superação no empreendedorismo feminino negro.
Dynamic Silos: Increased Modularity and Decreased Stability in Intraorganizational Communication Networks During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zuzul Tiona , Cox Pahnke Emily , Larson Jonathan , Bourke Patrick , Caurvina Nicholas , Parikh Shah Neha , Amini Fereshteh , Weston Jeffrey , Park Youngser , Vogelstein Joshua , White Christopher , Priebe Carey E.
Published: July 2024

Workplace communications around the world were drastically altered by the COVID-19 pandemic, related work-from-home orders, and the rise of remote work. To understand these shifts, we analyzed aggregated, anonymized metadata from over 360 billion emails within 4,361 organizations worldwide. By comparing month-to-month and year-over-year metrics, we examined changes in network community structures over the 24 months before and after COVID-19. We also examined shifts across multiple communication media (email, instant message, video call, and calendaring software) within a single global organization and compared them with communications shifts that were driven by changes in formal organizational structure. We found that in 2020, organizations around the world became more siloed than in 2019, evidenced by increased modularity. This shift was concurrent with decreased stability within silos. Collectively, our analyses indicate that following the onset of COVID-19, employees’ communications began to shift more dynamically between subcommunities (teams, workgroups, or functional areas). At the same time, once in a subcommunity, they limited their communication to other members of that community. We term these network changes dynamic silos. We provide initial insights into the meaning and implications of dynamic silos for the future of work.

This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02797 .
Fault-Tolerant Control for Multi-Quadcopter with Suspended Payload under Wind Disturbance
Authors: FARRAS ALIF AL , SANTOSO ARI , NUGRAHA YURID EKA
Published: July 2024

Delivering payload with multiple quadcopters necessitates a reliable backup system. This research introduces a fault-tolerant design specifically for multi-drone payload transportation. The system employs formation control, ensuring the weight is evenly distributed among all functioning drones. This research tackles the challenge of reliable payload delivery with multi-drone systems. It proposes a new fault-tolerant control system specifically designed for this purpose. The system addresses a limitation in existing solutions by incorporating a simple PD controller alongside a fault-tolerant strategy. This approach allows the system to maintain operation even if a drone malfunctions. The paper further demonstrates the system's effectiveness through simulations. Results show the system's ability to maintain stability with minimal altitude loss (only 6.3cm) and rapid position reconfiguration (within 3.96 seconds) even under windy conditions. These findings highlight the potential of this fault-tolerant design to significantly improve multi-drone payload delivery, especially for missions requiring high levels of stability and redundancy.
Evaluating artificial intelligence for medical imaging: a primer for clinicians
Authors: Keni Shivank
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence has the potential to transform medical imaging. The effective integration of artificial intelligence into clinical practice requires a robust understanding of its capabilities and limitations. This paper begins with an overview of key clinical use cases such as detection, classification, segmentation and radiomics. It highlights foundational concepts in machine learning such as learning types and strategies, as well as the training and evaluation process. We provide a broad theoretical framework for assessing the clinical effectiveness of medical imaging artificial intelligence, including appraising internal validity and generalisability of studies, and discuss barriers to clinical translation. Finally, we highlight future directions of travel within the field including multi-modal data integration, federated learning and explainability. By having an awareness of these issues, clinicians can make informed decisions about adopting artificial intelligence for medical imaging, improving patient care and clinical outcomes.
Aportacions a la història del Diccionari Enciclopèdic de Medicina
Authors: Bombí i Latorre Josep Antoni
Published: July 2024

Es revisa l’evolució del Diccionari Enciclopèdic de Medicina(DEM) des dels seus antecedents fins a l’actualitat, sempredesenvolupada sota la direcció de l’Acadèmia de CiènciesMèdiques (ACMSCB). A finals del 2008 es va decidir plantejaradscriure’l a l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans (IEC). Es revisen elsdiversos convenis des del primer de 1981 fins al darrer del 2020.
Un farmacèutic a la Batalla de l’Ebre: el testimoni d’Alfred Pérez-Iborra
Authors: Hervás i Puyal Carles
Published: July 2024

Una documentació conservada per la família ha permèsreconstruir part de la trajectòria del farmacèutic Alfred Pérez-Iborra(1907-2000) durant la guerra civil, en el decurs de la qual va treballarcom a sanitari en un lloc prop del front al llarg de la Batalla de l’Ebre.Les seves vivències s’han comparat amb les d’altres testimonispresents en els mateixos escenaris, i en unes conclusions finals escomenten les similituds trobades.
Why does the AKP hate cultivated minds? The historical background of anti-intellectualism of political Islam in Turkey
Authors: Örnek Cangül
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This paper attempts to understand the recent wave of anti-intellectualism swaying Turkey’s cultural and political life under the AKP government. Scrutinising the root causes of anti-intellectual notions of political Islam in Turkey, this paper propounds that negative thoughts and sentiments toward intellectualism were strong in post-WWII political Islamist thought and movement. The mindset of Islamist youth enculturated in this atmosphere was shaped substantially by a reactionary mode towards self-cultivation of the individual, critical thinking and social criticism. In this regard, four aspects of this legacy are closely scrutinised. To reflect upon this process of enculturation, this paper first discusses the features of the Sunni Sufi tradition that inhibit intellectual cultivation. Second, the impact of the anti-communist activism of the Cold War is investigated. Third, the conspiracy thinking of the üstad s of political Islam is revisited. Fourth, anti-scientism of the political Islamists is pointed out as an element yielding their anti-intellectual inclinations.
Two panoramas of the Mediterranean: An overview of the novel Aganta Burina Burinata by the Fisherman of Halicarnassus in the light of Fernand Braudel’s three-layered time method
Authors: Fildiş Berna
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Historian Fernand Braudel criticized the traditional understanding of history and objected to the analysis of time as unidirectional linearity. Instead, he advocated multiple temporalities and developed a three-layered time method. In The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II , he used this model as he wrote about the Mediterranean, which he claimed to love passionately. On the other hand, the Fisherman of Halicarnassus used the Mediterranean as the protagonist of the novel Aganta Burina Burinata , similar to many of his other works in different genres. In this article, Braudel’s three-layered time method, first tested in his masterpiece novel, is applied to the novel Aganta Burina Burinata. In addition to analysing the novel by using this historical method, the article also traces the similarities between the meaning attached to the Mediterranean by Braudel and the Fisherman of Halicarnassus as well as the place it holds in their minds.
Association between dyslipidaemia knowledge & lipid testing practice among adults, a community-based study
Authors: Paramalingam Haranee , Daher Aqil M. , Hussain Sumaira
Published: July 2024

Various factors have been described in the literature to explain the tendency of an individual to undergo medical screenings. This study aimed to assess the association between the level of knowledge about dyslipidaemia and the frequency of lipid testing, as well as the potential impact of predisposing, enabling, and need factors on the uptake of blood lipid screening. This study was a cross-sectional survey involving 314 participants who were Malaysian residents of Taman Selatan, Klang, aged 30 and above. The study utilized a 42-item paper-based bilingual questionnaire to evaluate the predisposing, enabling, and need factors that could potentially influence the practice of lipid testing. Out of the 314 residents approached, 271 responded to the questionnaire yielding a response rate of 86.31%. The median knowledge score was 5 out of 17. Lower monthly income (OR = 3.225, 95% CI = 0.255 to 2.141), higher number of comorbidities (OR = 2.724, 95% CI = 0.037 to 2.013), higher total knowledge score (OR = 1.334, 95% CI = 0.063 to 0.512) and respondent’s belief and attitude (OR = 0.813, 95% CI = -2.033 to -0.539), were found to be significantly associated with the frequency of lipid testing. In conclusion, the knowledge level regarding dyslipidaemia was below average and associated with a lower tendency to undergo frequent lipid testing. There is a need for innovative health awareness such as active educational campaigns in various settings of the community. Further qualitative studies that explore the understanding of the publics’, and antecedents of their, lipid screening behaviour are required. Appropriate communication by healthcare providers should be encouraged during patient consultations for higher impact.
Typical pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in public hospitals in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Ayele , Woldemariam Melat , Aklilu Addis , Alelign Dagninet , Zakir Abdurezak , Manilal Aseer , Mohammed Temesgen , M. Alahmadi Reham , Raman Gurusamy , Idhayadhulla Akbar
Published: July 2024

Background

Typical pneumonia is a pressing issue in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it remains a significant menace. Addressing this problem is crucial in improving health outcomes and the reduction of the burden of diseases in this vulnerable category of patients.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of community-acquired typical pneumonia among HIV patients in Public Hospitals in southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was done among 386 HIV patients clinically suspected of typical pneumonia attending the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinics of two hospitals from March to September 2022. A pretested structured questionnaire was employed to collect the demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. Sputum samples were collected and inspected for bacteria following standard procedures, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed employing the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Besides, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL) and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria were inspected by the double disk synergy test and modified carbapenem inactivation method. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were also done.

Results

Overall, 39.1% (151/386) of sputum cultures (95% Confidence Interval: 32.4–44) were bacteriologically positive. A total of 151 bacteria were identified, comprising 72.8% (n = 110) of Gram-negative bacteria. The predominant isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.8%, n = 39), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.9%, n = 27); 59.6% (n = 90) of the entire isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Forty percent (11/27) of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 28.1% (n = 31) and 20.9% (n = 23) of Gram-negative bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase producers, respectively. Occupational status, alcohol consumption, cluster of differentiation4 (CD4) Thymocyte cell count < 350, interruption of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral treatment, and recent viral load ≥ 150 were found statistically significant.

Conclusion

The higher rates of MDR, MRSA, ESBL, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) indicate that bacterial pneumonia is a vexing problem among HIV patients and therefore it is advisable to implement an antimicrobial stewardship program in the study area.
Research on the path of green technology innovation driven by the Environmental Protection Tax Law: Based on data of heavy polluting enterprises
Authors: Tao Wei , Zhou Jian-ya , Zhao Ye-ling
Published: July 2024

Environmental Protection Tax Law (EPTL) is a compulsory environmental regulation measure adopted by China to deal with environmental problems. However, with the advancement of implementation, the EPTL produces a dissimilation effect and damages the realization of the Porter hypothesis effect. The study examines the dissimilation effect of green technology innovation regulated by the EPTL using sample data from heavy pollution firms in China. According to the empirical test results: (1) the coordination between levies and administrations, differential tax rate setting, tax information sharing, definition of the scope of levy and administration, tax declaration counseling, and tax rate level verification produce the dissimilation effect; (2) the Porter hypothesis effect of the EPTL is the most significant in medium-sized enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises. By constructing the research model group of dissimilation effect, this study analyzes the application of environmental regulation in China’s social and economic background, thus providing a reference for developing of the green economy.
Ruth Beckermann, Eszter Kondor and Michael Loebenstein, eds. (2019)
Authors: Mason Genie
Published: July 2024

Review of: Ruth Beckermann, Eszter Kondor and Michael Loebenstein, eds. (2019)

Vienna: Austrian Film Museum, 64pp., ISBN: 9783901644801 (pbk), $10.00
Verdeckte Wohnungslosigkeit durch Partnerschaftsgewalt in Zeiten von Covid-19
Authors: Hazebrouck Victoria Sophie
Published: July 2024

Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat häusliche Gewalt gegen Frauen verschärft. Maßnahmen wie Ausgangssperren und Kontaktverbote erschwerten die Aufnahme von Gewaltopfern in Frauenhäusern und führten zu verdeckter Wohnungslosigkeit. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die Wohnbedingungen gewaltbetroffener Frauen aus einer soziokonstruktivistisch feministischen Perspektive und analysiert die pandemiebedingten Herausforderungen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Lebenssituation der Betroffenen.
Housing-First unter Krisenbedingungen
Authors: Meyer Tom
Published: July 2024

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit der Einführung des Hilfeansatzes Housing-First am Beispiel des Housing-First-Fonds aus NRW auseinander. Zur Analyse wird eine übersetzungssoziologische Perspektive eingenommen. Auf diese Weise werden kleinteilige Gelingensfaktoren und Hindernisse bei der Initiierung des Hilfemodells ersichtlich. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt zusätzlich auf der Rolle der Pandemie im Prozess der Übersetzung. Es zeigt sich, dass der Wohnungsmarkt eine zentrale Dissidenz hinsichtlich der Etablierung von Housing-First darstellt, welche durch die Pandemie weiter intensiviert wurde. Gleichzeitig ergab sich pandemiebedingt auch eine leicht erhöhte Chance hinsichtlich der weiteren Etablierung des Housing-First-Ansatzes.
Covid-19 als Zugangskrise
Authors: Protschky Andrea
Published: July 2024

Andrea Protschky untersucht in ihrem Beitrag den Zugang wohnungsloser Menschen in Berlin zu grundlegenden Infrastrukturen (Wasser, Energie, Kommunikation und Mobilität) während der Pandemie, mit einem Fokus auf der Situation von Menschen, die auf der Straße leben oder Notunterkünfte nutzen. Durch die übliche Nutzung dieser Systeme in Wohnungen oder anderen Unterkünften ist der Infrastrukturzugang vieler wohnungsloser Menschen ohnehin eingeschränkt. Die Autorin zeigt, dass diese Möglichkeiten während der Pandemie zusätzlich begrenzt wurden. Einzelne Maßnahmen, wie die Öffnung von Hostels, vereinfachten die Infrastrukturnutzung einiger wohnungsloser Menschen, brachten durch ihre zeitliche Begrenzung aber kaum langfristige Verbesserungen.
Pandemie digital?
Authors: Lowis David , Klocke Vera , Hartmann Maren
Published: July 2024

Die vorliegende Studie vereint die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage und ethnographischer Forschungsergebnisse, um die Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf Menschen ohne festen Wohnsitz, insbesondere im Hinblick auf digitale Barrieren, zu untersuchen. Während der Pandemie wurden nicht lediglich bereits existierende digitale Schwierigkeiten verschärft - zusätzlich kam es oft auch zu einer verstärkten Überlagerung digitaler und nicht-digitaler Hürden. Ein paradigmatisches Beispiel hierfür ist der digitale Impfausweis, dessen Zugänglichkeit durch administrative und technologische Hindernisse für Menschen ohne festen Wohnsitz signifikant erschwert wurde. In dieser prekären Zeit stellten Smartphone-Austeilungen einen Versuch der Intervention dar, der darauf abzielte, die digitale Anbindung für obdachlose Personen zu erleichtern, insbesondere als Reaktion auf die pandemiebedingten Schließungen vieler niedrigschwelliger Einrichtungen. Doch obwohl die Austeilungen von Smartphones vielfach einen unmittelbaren Mehrwert für die Teilnehmenden haben können, genügen punktuelle Maßnahmen allein nicht, um die komplexen Hürden zu stabilem und qualitativem digitalem Zugang vieler Menschen ohne festen Wohnsitz zu digitalem Zugang überwinden - so die Erkenntnisse unserer Studie. Dies unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit umfassender und nachhaltiger Lösungsansätze zur Förderung der digitalen Inklusion in diesem besonders vulnerablen Segment der Gesellschaft.
Wohnungslosenhilfe in der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Heibrock Regina , Lenz Martin
Published: July 2024

Regina Heibrock und Martin Lenz beschäftigen sich mit der der Frage, welchen Beitrag die soziale Infrastruktur, insbesondere die Wohnungsnotfallhilfe, in der Stadt Karlsruhe leisten kann, so dass bereits benachteiligte und vulnerable Personengruppen in Krisenzeiten nicht weiter abgehängt werden. Es wird herausgestellt, dass es verlässlicher Strukturen bedarf, um gesellschaftliche Teilhabe zu ermöglichen. Hierbei werden einige exemplarische kommunale Handlungsfelder einer Strategischen Armutsbekämpfung wie der Soziale Arbeitsmarkt und der Soziale Wohnungsmarkt als zentral angesehen. Aber auch innovative Formen der Teilhabe wie Digitalisierung werden im Beitrag als Chance gesehen, um individuellen Bedürfnissen wohnungsloser Menschen durch digitale Unterstützungsangebote gerecht zu werden.
Wissenschaftskommunikation und Wissenschaftsdidaktik
Authors: Rhein Rüdiger
Published: July 2024

Der Text stellt eine analytische Explikation von Wissenschaftskommunikation vor und legt dazu vier Dimensionen zugrunde: den institutionellen Ort der Wissenschaftsproduktion, die Anschluss- und Verwendungsoptionen von Wissenschaft, die Felder dieser Anschluss- und Verwendungsoptionen sowie die Konstellation der Kontaktzonen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden fünf idealtypische Formate von Wissenschaftskommunikation rekonstruiert und die Anforderungen erörtert, die in diesen Formaten bearbeitet werden müssen. Von besonderem Interesse ist die Frage, welche Momente eines direkten oder indirekten wissenschaftsdidaktischen Kommunikationsmodus sich zeigen und in welcher Beziehung Wissenschaftsdidaktik und Wissenschaftskommunikation stehen.
Sozialwissenschaftler als Pädagogen, Übersetzer und Kampfsportler
Authors: Janczyk Jule
Published: July 2024

Aufgabe der kritischen Sozialwissenschaften ist, vermeintlich individuelle Problemlagen in ihren gesellschaftlichen Kontext einzuordnen. Das ist auch das Anliegen von Charles W. Mills und Pierre Bourdieu. Sie betrachten Wissenschaft als Werkzeug, mit dem man soziale Ungleichheit analysieren und verändern kann. Dafür ist eine Vermittlungsleistung notwendig. Sozialwissenschaftler werden zu Pädagogen, die die Öffentlichkeit bilden, und zu Übersetzern, die zwischen Alltags- und Wissenschaftssprache wechseln. Und sie üben sich in einer Art Kampfsport, denn die Auseinandersetzung um die (korrekte) Deutung der Wirklichkeit ist konflikthaft. Der Beitrag beleuchtet Potentiale und Grenzen von Bildung durch Wissenschaft unter gesellschafts- und wissenschaftstheoretischen Gesichtspunkten.
Designing Concerns
Authors: Stephan Peter Friedrich
Published: July 2024

Wie lassen sich die Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie und das Werk Bruno Latours auf die Gestaltung gesellschaftlicher Transformation beziehen? Peter Friedrich Stephan nimmt Latours Forderung nach einer »Revision der Moderne« als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung des Concern Designs. An der Schnittstelle der Designtheorie mit den Sozial- bzw. Kulturwissenschaften werden die praktischen Folgen einer »Wunsch-Ökonomie« entwickelt, auch unter Bezug auf Deleuze/Guattari. Concerns werden dabei im Sinne der Praxeologie als »Werte in Aktion« verstanden. Diagramme wie die »Concern Canvas« und der »Hyperzyklus der Transformation« bieten Ansatzpunkte für die praktische Arbeit im Transformation Design.
Der unermüdliche Beamtenbagger
Authors: Rentrop Gundula
Published: July 2024

Gundula Rentrop widmet diesen Beitrag der Rettung eines der letzten erhaltenen Bremer Paternoster. Nur wenige Umlaufaufzüge haben hier die Stilllegungskampagne am Anfang der neunziger Jahre überstanden. Im denkmalgeschützten Haus des Reichs, 1929 als Kontorhaus erbaut, später durch die Finanzverwaltung genutzt, gelang dies nur unter größten Anstrengungen. Wurde in anderen Gebäuden die Genehmigung zum Weiterbetrieb problemlos erteilt, wäre das in diesem Fall fast gescheitert. Besonders der geforderte Ausschluss Betriebsfremder vom Paternosterfahren erschien im Finanzamt schwer durchsetzbar. Während andere Anlagen stillschweigend ausgebaut wurden, haben Beharrlichkeit, aber auch öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit und Anteilnahme am Schicksal des beliebten "Beamtenbaggers" geholfen, ihn zu erhalten.
Abgehoben
Authors: Kinzinger Martin
Published: July 2024

Selbst wenn sich der Hamburger Hafen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nicht mehr so stark entwickelte wie etwa der in Rotterdam, ist Hamburg dank der stetigen Modernisierung des Güterumschlags als hub port von Bedeutung geblieben. Eine große Rolle spielte dabei, dass um 1970 eine durchgreifende Neuordnung des Umschlags durchgesetzt wurde, Standorte neu erschlossen, nach internationalen Standards ausgestattet und auch nach 1990 immer wieder erweitert wurden. Wurde der Stückgutumschlag fortan durch Containerterminals dominiert, gelang es, auch den Massengutumschlag weiter zu rationalisieren. Der vorliegende Artikel verfolgt die von diesem Prozess beeinflusste Entwicklung der technischen Ausstattung an den Kais seit Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs und nimmt neben den Stückgutkranen auch Containerbrücken und Verladeanlagen der jüngeren Zeit in den Blick, von denen sich jedoch angesichts des anhaltenden Veränderungsdrucks nur wenige anschauliche Beispiele erhalten haben.
Zwischen Entwurf und Resultat
Authors: Braun Michael
Published: July 2024

Michael Braun diskutiert im Beitrag »Zwischen Entwurf und Resultat - Digitales Handwerk am Beispiel des gestalterischen Umgangs mit Abweichungen innerhalb algorithmisch-maschineller Entwurfs- und Herstellungsprozesse« den Paradigmenwechsel in zeitgenössischen Design- und Fabrikationsverfahren im digitalen Zeitalter. Er kontextualisiert historische Präzedenzfälle wie die Notationsideen von Leon Battista Alberti und beleuchtet industrielle Imperative wie u.a. die Produktstandardisierung und das Bauhaus. Braun argumentiert, dass computergesteuerte Verfahren adaptive Designprozesse ermöglichen und Designer*innen die Kontrolle über den gesamten Entwurfs- und Herstellungsprozess übernehmen können. Er untersucht, wie konventionelle Designmethoden neujustiert werden müssen, und zeigt am Beispiel des robotischem 3D-Drucks mit Porzellan, wie auftretende Abweichungen während der Materialisierung von Entwürfen als produktives Gestaltungsmerkmal verstanden und in den Entwurf einbezogen werden können.
In Form bringen
Authors: Rulffes Evke
Published: July 2024

Evke Rulffes widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach Schönheitsnormen und dem gesellschaftlichen Druck, dem der weibliche Körper ausgesetzt ist anhand der Geschichte des Korsetts, die sie mit dem heutigen Anstieg chirurgischer Eingriffe als Resultat von Beautyfiltern in Sozialen Medien verknüpft.
Datensadismus
Authors: Heinicker Paul
Published: July 2024

Paul Heinicker untersucht in seinem Text die soziokulturellen und psychodynamischen Dimensionen der Datenproduktion, insbesondere das unbewusste Begehren und Ängste, die diese antreiben. Dazu führt er den Begriff des »Datensadismus« ein, der die komplexe Abhängigkeitsbeziehung zwischen Datenautor:in und Datensubjekt differenziert. Neben dem ersehnten Erkenntnisgewinn sind Datenprozesse auch immer vom Lust- und Machtdynamiken geprägt, die Daten nicht als neutrale sondern psychologisch aufgeladene Artefakte definieren. Der Text fordert eine kritische Reflexion über den Einfluss von Daten auf die Gesellschaft und das Individuum, unter Einbeziehung psychoanalytischer Konzepte.
Ländlichkeit in historischen Utopien
Authors: Lanzinger Margareth
Published: July 2024

Der Beitrag von Margareth Lanzinger geht von zwei historischen Utopien aus und fragt nach deren Bezügen zu Ländlichkeit. Die utopischen Entwürfe sind in verschiedenen historischen Epochen und Kontexten verortet. Thomas Morus' (1478-1535) »Utopia« ist auf einer Insel situiert und das am Grundriss von Schloss Versailles orientierte Phalanstère von Charles Fourier (1772-1837) am Land. Beide Utopien sind gesamtgesellschaftliche Entwürfe. Sie setzen sich mit dem Verhältnis zwischen Stadt und Land, mit Arbeit, Wohnen und Grundversorgung, mit Haushalt und Geschlechterbeziehungen auseinander. Dem Gemeinsamen und Genossenschaftlichen kommt dabei ein enorm hoher Stellenwert als Organisationsform von Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft zu.
Zukünfte ländlichen Engagements - entgrenzt, kooperativ, jung, demokratisch
Authors: Neu Claudia , Nikolic Ljubica
Published: July 2024

Claudia Neu und Ljubica Nikolic entwickeln in diesem Beitrag Prognosen zur Zukunft bürgerschaftlichen Engagements in ländlichen Räumen. Nach einem Blick auf den Status Quo der deutschen Engagementlandschaft, beschreiben sie den Wandel hin zu informelleren und weniger verpflichtenden Engagementformen. Die Autorinnen gewähren Einblicke in das Projekt "ENKOR Engagementkonstellationen in ländlichen Räumen" der Universität Göttingen und teilen Forschungsergebnisse aus drei hessischen Gemeinden. Anhand von Beispielen werden hier die Vernetzungen zwischen informellem und formalisiertem Engagement aufgezeigt, die immer stärker werden und Grenzen so zunehmend verschwimmen lassen. Es bilden sich neue Kooperationen und Allianzen, die nicht zuletzt Spielräume für die engagierte Jugend eröffnen. Abschließend nennen die Autorinnen ermöglichende Rahmenbedingungen und Fördermöglichkeiten.
Solidarisch wirtschaften, gemeinschaftlich leben
Authors: Falterer Franziska
Published: July 2024

Franziska Falterer widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, inwiefern gemeinschaftsgetragene Formen des Wirtschaftens in ländlichen Räumen als reale Utopien zukunftsfähige Entwicklungslinien und Handlungsspielräume im Kontext einer sozial-ökologischen Gesellschaftstransformation eröffnen können. Als konkretes Beispiel dient eine qualitative Analyse der politischen Kommune Niederkaufungen bei Kassel. Die Fragestellung für den Beitrag ist zweitgeteilt: Zum einen soll diskutiert werden, inwiefern die Kommune als ländliche Realutopie auf eine zukunftsorientierte ländliche Entwicklung wirkt. Zum anderen stellt der Beitrag die Frage, was nötig wäre, um das transformative Potential der Kommune stärker zu entfalten.
Szenarien des KI-Einsatzes zur Sterbevorhersage
Authors: Weber Karsten
Published: July 2024

Karsten Weber untersucht die Nutzung von KI-Systemen zur Sterbevorhersage; umfangreiche Datensätze über zurückliegende Sterbeprozesse kombiniert mit aktuellen Daten einer Person werden genutzt, um eine Sterbevorhersage für diese Person zu erstellen. Wie bei anderen Einsatzmöglichkeiten von KI kann man verschiedene Szenarien bzgl. der Rolle menschlicher Entscheidungsträger*innen entwickeln (human-in-the-loop, human-on-the-loop, human-out-of-the-loop) und die damit verbundenen Konsequenzen bspw. für das ärztliche Personal abschätzen. Untersucht man dies, so werden dabei nicht nur neue moralische Fragen aufgeworfen, sondern es werden vor allem schon lange diskutierte Herausforderungen des Einsatzes von Technik in der Medizin in Bezug auf Autonomie, Verantwortung, Professionsverständnis u.Ä. in neuer Dringlichkeit sichtbar.
Effects of Modified Silicon Carbide on The Physical Properties of Bioplastic Blends
Authors: Prasoetsopha Natkrita , Somdee Patcharapon , Shettar Manjunath , Ansari Manauwar Ali , Chumsamrong Pranee
Published: July 2024

The study’s goal is to improve the physical properties of biodegradable plastics by mixing poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and silicon carbide (SiC) to make composites that could be used as filaments for 3D printing. Polymer blends and composites were fabricated using an internal mixer. The fraction of SiC was varied from 10 to 40 phr and filled in PLA/PBS blends with a retained ratio of 80/20 wt.%. Then, the mechanical properties, thermal properties, melt flow rate and morphology of PLA/PBS/SiC composites were investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscope images present a uniform dispersion of silane-treated SiC particles throughout the PLA/PBS matrix. The morphology showed better adhesion between PLA/PBS and treated SiC particles. Therefore, this was also the reason for the improvement of Young’s modulus and impact strength when the SiC fraction was increased, which were improved by 33% and 104%, respectively, compared to neat PLA. Furthermore, the melt flow rate increased with an increasing SiC fraction. This might be because adding SiC reduces the viscosity of the composites, which affects the molecular chain movement of the PLA/PBS and the crystallinity of PLA, therefore decreasing the ΔHm of PLA and Xc,PLA. However, Tg and Tm of PLA and PBS remained relatively stable with an increasing fraction of SiC particles.
Traditional (Culinary) Markets as A Tourist Village during The COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-COVID-19 Period: A Socio-Legal Study
Authors: Mangunsong Nurainun , Hanum Willy Naresta , Kwarteng Abdul Hamid
Published: July 2024

Village tourism is one of the flagship projects and tourism development priorities of the Yogyakarta Regional Government (DIY Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2019) to optimize the potential of village resources to improve the welfare and economic independence of village communities (Law No. 6 of 2014). To optimize the policy, the DIY Government has developed a management system in the 2015–2025 Regional Tourism Development Master Plan with the facilitation of a Tourism Village Pioneer towards an Independent Tourism Village. The management includes the planning, implementation, and control of tourism village activities. This study will examine the implementation and dynamics of regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-COVID-19. To explain and measure the policy, an empirical (socio-legal) study was conducted on one of the tourist villages, "Pasar Kuliner Belik Sonto" Sleman, as a sample, which had received a grant from the Ministry of Tourism in 2021 for a pilot tourism village management model. The study results concluded that the governance of tourist villages such as the Belik Sonto Gamplong I Traditional Culinary Market during the COVID-19 period did not appear optimal. It is due to the lack of conceptual standardization of institutional governance and in terms of regulations. Meanwhile, post-COVID-19, tourism village governance entering the recovery and normalization phase needs to reformulate tourism village development plans and resources towards resilient and superior tourism villages through product innovation, synergy between various parties, the government, and related regional apparatuses, collaborative variations of tourism village events, and the development of marketing systems. This governance fully adapts to various post-COVID-19 mitigation regulations by developing tourism village safety and health infrastructure.
Forced Money (Dwangsom) in the Indonesian State Administrative Court System and Astreinte in French Conseil d'État
Authors: Erlangga Sandya , Disyon Huta , Anh Hoàng Thảo
Published: July 2024

The administrative court system in Indonesia shares fundamental similarities with the state administrative court system in France. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the judicial systems in Indonesia and France, specifically focusing on examining the regulation of forced money penalties (dwangsom) in Indonesia. It has been around for about fourteen years since Law Number 51 of 2009 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 5 of 1986 concerning the State Administrative Court ("State Administrative Court Law); there are no implementing regulations, thus hindering the imposition of forced money in the decisions of the State Administrative Courts in Indonesia. As per the author's assertion, this circumstance can potentially diminish the effectiveness of the State Administrative Courts in Indonesia, undermining their ability to enforce judgments. In the context of legal matters, it is noteworthy to mention that the French Conseil d'État has taken measures to govern the issue of forced money penalties (astreinte), specifically regarding their execution and associated costs. The study used normative juridical. It also used a comparative method to normative juridical methods to analyze Indonesia's principles, norms, and legal system. Study findings indicate the urgent need to establish regulations on imposing forced money penalties within the Indonesian Administrative Court. This is crucial to mitigate challenges associated with enforcing forced money decisions, minimize financial losses resulting from errors in official services, and address the legal uncertainty surrounding the determination of forced money costs.
Forced Marriage in Cultural Practices and Sexual Violence Law
Authors: Saputra Sarping , Putri Ririn Maulina , Fahmia Syihab Syifa Maulida
Published: July 2024

This study analyzes criminal law policy regarding forced Marriage disguised as a cultural practice, taking into account current conditions and the legal protection provided by Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Law of Sexual Violence (TPKS).  This is a problem in itself, considering that several regions in Indonesia still embrace the culture of forced Marriage. At the same time, on the other hand, many parties say that it violates human rights, while many cultural practices then derogate many human rights.  Then how does the TPKS Law see forced Marriage, which in some regions is legalized by customary laws? To answer this, this study uses a normative legal research methodology through a statutory approach. The collection of legal materials will involve an examination of relevant regulations, which will then be analyzed comprehensively to arrive at conclusions that answer the research questions. This study find that (1) policies regarding forced marriages conducted under the guise of culture have been regulated in the TPKS, thus changing actions that were previously not considered criminal offenses into criminal offenses that can be subject to legal sanctions. (2) Legal protection against forced Marriage under the guise of culture is divided into two forms of protection, namely preventive protection carried out by the central and regional governments and repressive protection in the form of imposing sanctions on perpetrators, accompanied by various additional sanctions and providing rights for victims during the judicial process and afterward.
Experimental study of gasdynamic bearing operability.
Authors: Surovtcev S.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Zadorozhnaya E.A. , Mashkov O.G. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia,   Joint Stock Company Special Design Bureau “Turbina”, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: July 2024

The question of the high-speed turbo machines operability is directly related to the processes occurring in the support structures – gas sliding bearings. The most common structure of such supports is the multi-petal bearing. One of the main research directions in this area is the development of a design ensuring the reliable operation of the bearing. The durability of gas bearings depends directly on the number of start-stop cycles, which is its key difference from liquid bearings. The start-up period of the turbo machine represents the most challenging mode of operation for the petal gas dynamic bearings. A critical feature of this mode is the insufficient formation of a gas layer at low rotational speeds. The load on the working surfaces of the support is assessed as nominal, equal to the rotor's weight. If the start-up mode of the turbo machine is successfully passed, then in future, during the acceleration, it will be operational. The research of the transitional mode during the start-up requires a complex approach, including both theoretical and experimental studies. This paper is a continuation of theoretical studies for multi-petal gas dynamic bearings with overlapping petals. The key parameters ensuring the operability of such supports include the shaft ascent speed at the start-up and the value of the force acting on the support. As part of the research, an experimental installation was developed to obtain values of shaft ascent speed depending on static load force. Series of experiments included different variations of initial loads, up to the critical value. The results of the experiments provide the values of permissible static loads and a range of shaft ascent speed values. This study facilitates further parametric investigations in the mathematical modeling of processes occurring in gas dynamic bearings.