bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Mechanical Properties of Cast Al 3xx Alloys to Processing Variables and Alloy Chemistry Using Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Emadi Daryoush , Mahfoud Musbah
Published: February 2012

The mechanical properties of aluminium alloy castings, such as EL%, YS and UTS, are controlled by the casting and heat treatment variables, alloy’s composition, and melt treatment. Despite the abundance of literature data, the large number of the controlling parameters has made it difficult to predict and model the mechanical properties by the conventional techniques. Another obstacle encountered when making such a prediction is the complex kinetics and interactions that exist among the many variables. The goal of this study was to develop Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multiple Regression models to predict the mechanical properties of A356 alloy from the processing variables. Several standard nonlinear regression and multi-layer ANN models were developed and trained using data from the literature and experimental results. Due to the complexity of A356’s solidification behaviour, the nonlinear regression produced results that were not as accurate as those produced by the ANN model. The results indicate that ANN is a suitable technique for predicting mechanical properties from alloy chemistry and processing variables.
Effects of La2O3 and Nb2O5 Doping on the Dielectric Properties of Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Chen Wei , Qu Shao Hua , Cao Wan Qiang
Published: February 2012

Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 ferroelectric ceramics with dopants of La2O3(0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.2 mol%) and Nb2O5(0, 0, 0.1, 0.1 mol%) were prepared in solid state process. The double donor substitutions can weaken lattice size effect by the two different size substitutions. XRD method was used to analyze the crystal structure of the samples, and SEM was used to observe the topography, grain’s size and ceramics density. The results of dielectric-frequency relation indicate that when the contents of La2O3 and Nb2O5 are both 0.10 mol%, the permittivity can reach to 150 000, and the dielectric loss keeps only 0.118. When the total donor content is lower than 0.40 mol%, compensation effect is dominated by electrons. The giant permittivity is attributed to electrons inside grain and insulated grain boundary. When the dopant content is higher than 0.40 mol%, the compensation effect is dominated by the host cation vacancies. The permittivity decreases rapidly with the increase of the donor concentration.
Effects of Co-Existing Anions on Fluoride Adsorption onto Magnesia-Amended Activated Carbon
Authors: He Zhi Li , He Zhan Fei , He Zhi Xia , Chen Yuan Yuan
Published: February 2012

In this work, the magnesia modified activated carbon (MgO-AC) adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of co-existing anions on the MgO-AC adsorbent were investigated. The effects of adsorbent dose and solutions pH that influenced the sorption of anions and cations at the solid-liquid interface were also determined. The MgO-AC adsorbent could remove fluoride efficiently over a wide pH range of 5.00-8.00. The impact of major anions on fluoride adsorption followed the order of PO43− >HCO3− >SO42− >Cl− >NO3−.
First-Ply Strength of Thick Circular Cylindrical GRP Composite Shell Subjected to Static External Pressure via Finite Element Simulation and Analytical Approaches
Authors: Gohery Scott , Golshan Abolfazl , Hashemzadeh Mohammadhassan , Hosseininezhad Navid
Published: February 2012

One-ply thick externally pressurized GFRP cylinders were analyzed using computational numerical simulation and analytical method. The main part of the work was to study the critical external pressure to avoid failure in the laminated shells by employing various phenomenological failure criteria. Comparison between ABAQUS FEM simulation results and analytical solutions using MATLAB programming codes proved high accuracy of the analytical approach. Various fiber angles stacking sequences were chosen for optimization analysis. The results did not show any increase in stability as the layer number increased. The results also showed high correlation with corresponding failure criteria. The analytical solutions gave higher accuracy as the number of plies and the total laminate thicknesses were reduced.
Influence of Liquid Structure Change on Microstructure and Properties of SnZnBi Solder Alloy
Authors: Chen Zhi Hao , Zheng Wei , Zu Fang Qiu , Zhu Xie Bing , Sun Yu Feng
Published: February 2012

Currently, Pb-free is the primary trend of development for solder alloys, and the existing Pb-free solder alloys are still difficult to replace the traditional tin-lead solder alloys. How to further improve the welding properties of Pb-free solder alloys is the issue we currently faced. In this paper, through melt overheating treatment, the influence of liquid-liquid structure change (LLSC) on the structure and properties of SnZn8Bi3 Pb-free solder alloy has been studied. Experimental results show that the LLSC has obvious effects on the solidification process and solidified microstructure of SnZn8Bi3 alloy: bigger solidification undercooling degree in the solidification process, finer and more dispersed solidification structure, and more importantly, the mechanical and welding properties of the solder alloy have also been obviously improved.
Microstructure and Wear Property of Zn-Al Alloy Reinforced with Carbonized Rice Husks
Authors: Jia Su Qiu , Ma Yun Hai , Tong Jin , Liu Guo Jun
Published: February 2012

Zn-Al composites with carbonized rice husks were prepared by permanent mould. Microstructure and wear property of Zn-Al composites were measured under the condition of as-cast heated at 375 °C and 430 °C corresponding to solid and semi-solid range. The microstructure of as-cast, heated at 375 °C and 430 °C were different. The microstructure of as-cast Zn-Al alloy revealed primary a dendrites (α) and eutectoid α+η (α,rich Al, η rich Zinc)phases. The microstructure of ZA alloy with carbonized rice husks was fine dendrites for heated at 375 °C and second and third dendrites were almost dispersed. After semi-solid treatment, the microstructure of Zn-Al composites presented quasi-round or round and large with time prolonger. The hardness of Zn-Al composites rose with carbonized rice husks and increased slightly by heat treatment. Wear resistance of Zn-Al composites with carbonized rice husks improved significantly and increased with carbonized rice husks. But at the same amount of carbonized rice husks the wear resistance of the composite varied little regardless of being in the state of as-cast or heat treatment.
Modeling of Viscoelastic Solid Polymers Using a Boundary Element Formulation with Considering a Body Load
Authors: Ashrafi Hosein , Bahadori M.R. , Shariyat M.
Published: February 2012

In this work, a boundary element formulation for 2D linear viscoelastic solid polymers subjected to body force of gravity has been presented. Structural analysis of solid polymers is one of the most important subjects in advanced engineering structures. From basic assumptions of the viscoelastic constitutive equations and the weighted residual techniques, a simple but effective boundary element formulation is implemented for standard linear solid (SLS) model. The SLS model provides an approximate representation of observed behavior of a real advanced polymer in its viscoelastic range. This approach avoids the use of relaxation functions and mathematical transformations, and it is able to solve quasistatic viscoelastic problems with any load time-dependence and boundary conditions. Problem of pressurization of thick-walled viscoelastic tanks made of PMMA polymer, which subjected to a body force, is completely analyzed.
Preparation and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO-Covered Carbon Fibers
Authors: Zeng Jun
Published: February 2012

This paper reports that ZnO nanosheet-covered carbon fibers are synthesized by thermal oxidation of zinc films deposited on carbon fiber surfaces. The structure and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The result shows that all of the cabon fibers are coated ZnO nanosheets. An orange-red emission around 683 nm was found in PL spectrum when the sample prepared at 400 oC for 4 hours in air. I considered that the growth of ZnO nanosheets may be related to the size of substrates and reaction temperature. The orange-red emission was resulted from the interstitial carbon of ZnO-nanosheet-covered fibers, and green emission results from the oxygen vacancies.
Preparation of Poly[4-Diacetoxyiodo] Styrene by Microwave Reactor
Authors: Wang Xiang Cheng , Dong Zhong Chao , Fu Xian Zhe
Published: February 2012

The hypervalent organoiodine oxidant PDAIS( poly[4-diacetoxyiodo]styrene ) was prepared via the iodation and acetylation of polystyrene resin by microwave. Polystyrene was iodated with iodine/ iodine pentoxide in solvents such as nitrobenzene and tetrachloromethane, heating in microwave reactor could finish about 20min. The iodometery of loading capacity (ILC) of was up to 2.7mmol/g
Two-Dimensional Modeling of Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Materials Using a Boundary Element Approach
Authors: Ashrafi Hosein , Bahadori M.R. , Shariyat M.
Published: February 2012

In this paper, a 2D boundary element approach able to model viscoelastic functionally graded materials (FGM) is presented. A numerical implementation of the Somigliana identity for displacements is developed to solve 2D problems of exponentially graded elasticity. An FGM is an advanced material in which its composition changes gradually resulting in a corresponding change in properties of the material. The FGM concept can be applied to various materials for structural and functional uses. Our model needs only the Green’s function of nonhomogeneous elastostatic problems with material properties that vary continuously along a given dimension. We consider the material properties to be an exponential function of Cartesian coordinates x. As application, a numerical example is provided to validate the proposed boundary integral equation approach.
Comparative Study by Numerical Analysis on the Formability of Deep-Drawn Tailor-Welded Blanks
Authors: Tera Melania , Deac Cristian , Oleksik Valentin , Bologa Octavian , Breaz Radu , Biris Cristina
Published: February 2012

The realising of complex parts by welding together and then deep-drawing metal sheets made of different steel types or even different metal types can have many advantages, such as decreasing the part’s weight, reducing the manufacturing costs and an increased dimensional precision. In order to benefit from these results, a detailed knowledge of the metal sheets’ behaviour during deep-drawing is necessary. The current paper aims to compare, using numerical simulations based on the finite element method, the deep-drawing behaviour of parts made of steel sheets of different thicknesses welded together in three different manners and also of a part made of a monoblock blank.
Preparation and Analysis of Sputtered Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Films
Authors: Kuo Dong Hau , Wu Hsien Pen
Published: February 2012

Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films with the advantages of low cost, abundance in resources, and the suitable band-gap of 0.9~1.1 eV have been the potential materials for solar cells, though the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films have received most of the attentions. In this study, CZTSe thin films were prepared by direct-current (D.C.) sputtering using three self-made CZTSe targets in different compositions. The sputtered films displayed a preferred orientation in (112) by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The films were also characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy. The films had the band-gap of 0.8~1.08 eV analyzed by absorption spectroscopy. CZTSe films were p-type and had a low electrical conductivity of 10-3 ohm-cm and a high carrier concentration of 1020~1021 cm-2.
System to Surface Control in Robot Machining
Authors: Mikolajczyk Tadeusz
Published: February 2012

Paper shows system to surface quality control in robot machining. To surface roughness measure was used reflectivity method. Used own construction non contact system was equipped with red laser light and USB camera.
The Influence of Circulation Quenching on Temper Brittleness of Steel EA4T
Authors: Kang Li Mei , Lei Min , Zou Jing , Liang Yi Long , Tang Xue Ping
Published: February 2012

In this paper, for the purpose of seeking the control methods of temper brittleness of steel EA4T, doing some experiments on steel EA4T by circulation quenching process .Then do some research about the influence of circulation quenching on temper brittleness of steel EA4T.The result proves that circulation quenching can render grain refinement and restrain the temper brittleness of steel EA4T, thus contract the temperature range of carbide precipitation in high temperature tempering; the result indicate that Circulation quenching restrain the temper brittleness of steel EA4T at 550°C.
The Influence of Paper Brightness on Color Reproduction of Printed Matter
Authors: Hu Jian Gan , Wang Li Li , Liu Zhen
Published: February 2012

Paper, as an important substrate of printed matter, the performance will impact on the color reproduction. Brightness, as a key index of paper performance, affects the apparent color of paper directly. It was investigated that the printed samples with different brightness have been evaluated the influence of paper brightness on color reproduction by the methods of subjective and objective color difference evaluation. Three kinds of paper with different brightness have been selected as substrate of printed samples. The standard test color blocks have been printed to do corresponding objective color difference evaluation to different paper by CIEDE2000 color-difference formulae methods. Meanwhile, the standard test images with difference contents have been printed on three kinds of paper, which was subjected to subjective color difference evaluation for visual evaluation of standard test images in standard observe conditions. The results of subjective and objective color difference evaluation have been combined to analyze the effect of paper brightness to color reproduction, and different visual influence to images of difference content, and could provide certain reference for selecting the brightness performance of paper in color reproduction.
Preparation and Performance of 100Ah Li-Ion Battery with LiFePO4 as Cathode Material
Authors: Li Jing , Song Yue Li
Published: February 2012

The 100Ah Li-ion battery with LiFePO4 material as cathod materails is fabricated by laminated electrode technique. The key preparation techniques of preparating battery is optimized in this paper.The examinations results indicate that it is an effective method to improve electric performance of battery by VGCF addition in the cathode activated materials; Solid phase mixing technique can obviously improve the electrode coating effect and reduce the electrode polarization effect.When the catthod electrode surface density is kept as 2.4 g.dm2-, and pressing density is kept as 2.6 g/cm3-, the largest capacity of the battery is105.56 Ah at the 0.5C discharge current, and the specific capacity of cathod LiFePO4 materials is 135.84mAh/g; There is above 98% capacity retention rate of LiFePO4 battery after 200 cycles at 0.5C discharge current. After the safety examinations including overfilling, short circuit, extrusion and needle-punching, prepared LiFePO4 battery shows its desirable safty performance.
Bioconjugates Containing Ferritin and Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Bin , Uenuma Mutsunori , Uraoka Yukiharu , Yamashita Ichiro
Published: February 2012

Novel assemblies of gold nanoparticles or gold nanoparticles with other inorganic nanoparticles have received considerable interest due to their fascinating properties desired for various detection applications. Here we present a bioconjugate containing ferritin and gold nanoparticles. In this bioconjugate, there is a central ferritin, and a several gold nanoparticles are located around by DNA base-pairing.
Influences of Final Processing Methods on Surface Physical Properties and Fatigue Life for Railway LZ50 Steel
Authors: Yang Bing , Zhao Yong Xiang
Published: February 2012

Different final processing methods can bring about the difference in physical properties of metal materials, such as micro-structures, surface hardness, and residual stress. It can in turn influence the anti-fatigue performance of material. To compare the effects of two commonly used final processing methods on the properties mentioned above, two groups of smooth round bar specimens of LZ50 axle steel were utilized. The final machining process for the first group is finish turning, and that for the second one is surface rolling. Layer-stripping test results reveal that much higher residual compressive stress is engendered in surface and sub-surface of the rolling specimen. The surface micro-hardness of the first group is also higher than that of the second one. Furthermore, the micro-structures of these two kinds of specimens are somewhat different in local regions. Stress controlled fatigue tests were performed. The average fatigue life of surface rolling specimens is more than six times the life of finish turning ones. So the former final processing method is more suitable for improving the performance of present material.
Functional Properties of Ultrasonically Treated Wheat Gluten
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liu Guo Qin , Li Bing , Li Lin
Published: February 2012

Ultrasonic was employed to improve the functional properties of wheat gluten. The results showed their solubility, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability index of ultrasonically treated wheat gluten gradually increased as the ultrasonic power and treatment time increase, when ultrasonic treated for 20min at 240W, the solubility, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability reached the maximum, then the solubility slightly decreased when the ultrasonic power exceeded 240W. However, the forming capacity and foam stability of ultrasonically treated gluten samples gradually increased with ultrasonic power and treatment time increasing. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) observations revealed that the molecular weight of gluten decreased as the ultrasonic power increased, implying that the molecular of wheat gluten was broken by ultrasonic. Lower molecular weight of wheat gluten showed better functional properties.
Improvement the Cooperation Feature in Distributed Healthcare Information Systems Based on the Fractal Approach: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ahmed Nawzat S. , Yasin Norizan Mohd
Published: February 2012

The cooperation becomes an important requirement in distributed Healthcare Information Systems (HISs). It is used to provide patients with a good and fast treatment. To achieve the cooperation feature, a fractal approach has been proposed by many researchers in different areas. Also, many approaches have been proposed in cooperative HISs to share patients’ information between different healthcare centres in order to provide a good treatment. However, most of these researches did not address the required improvement on physician skills and the possible enhancement on the healthcare services. This empirical study proposes a way to adjust fractal approach in HISs in order to improve the cooperation feature among physicians which may enhance both physician skills and healthcare services. The analysis of the collected data shows there are problems that associated with current system and therefore a set of requirements have been initiated. It has been found that there is a need to adapt the fractal features in current HIS environment.
Evaluation of State Equations of Natural Gas in Pipeline Transportation
Authors: Ren Hong Yu , Li Chang Jun , Xie Guo
Published: February 2012

In current study, Sarem, CNGA, Peng-Robinson, AGA8-92DC, BWRS state equations have been researched by analyzing the basic form and developing the numerical methods of compressibility factor. An attempt has been made to develop corresponding computer programs to calculate compressibility factor with these five state equations. The computed results have been compared with Standing-Katz chart. The results show the similar trends and good agreements
Optimization Design for Production Logistics System of Corrugated Box
Authors: Li Zi Sheng , Jian Cao , Xiao Jiu Yi
Published: February 2012

The existing problems of production logistics system of corrugated box are pointed out. The theory of SLP (Systematic Layout Planning) within facility planning and logistics analysis is employed to optimize the facility layout, production logistics system and working procedures. After analyzes the processes and its parameters of corrugated box, logistics amount is computed, and from-to table is obtained and logistics intensity is counted. And then job units relationship, non logistics factors, and comprehensive relationship for job units etc. are studied. Finally the workshop layout of corrugated box is designed. Moreover, the optimal solution is evaluated by using weighted checklist approach. Application of the new solution shows that the working procedures of corrugated box become more reasonable, and the workshop attains the logistics smooth, so the production efficiency of corrugated box is enhanced, and its production cost is lowered.
Photocatalyst TiO2 Supported on Bentonite for Water Organic Pollutants Purification: A Literature Review
Authors: Lin Mei Jiao , Song Min , Shen Xue You
Published: February 2012

Photocatalytic degradation of waste pollutants using TiO2 is a promising technology. Recently, the use of bentonite for the removal of organic pollutants was widely studied because of large specific surface areas. Studies have shown that TiO2 supported on bentonite, or TiO2/bentonite composite, exhibits bifunctionality of adsorption and photo catalysis in synergism. This paperpresents a literature review of the preparation and modification techniques of bentonite/TiO2 composite photocatalyst, and their characteristics. The review will also focus on the current researches on the degradation of water organic pollutants by using bentonite/TiO2 composite photocatalyst and its key influencing factors.
Dependence of the Resonance Frequency of Mircobridge Resonators on the Thermal Power and Vacuum
Authors: Han Jian Qiang , Wang Xiao Fei , Feng Ri Sheng
Published: February 2012

Microbridge resonators have been widely used as sensing elements to measure various parameters, such as pressure, acceleration, biochemical adsorption and reactions, mass-flow, infrared ray et al. But no model has been built to calculate quantitatively the shift of resonance frequency due to heat convection, incident infrared ray, excited thermal power drift and ambient air pressure. In this paper, a theoretical analysis is given to calculate the resonance frequency shift due to the thermal power (static heating power and dynamic heating power) fluctuation and the added mass of the ambient air. The model can be used to design resonant sensors based on microbridge resonator, such as resonant mass-flow sensors, resonant IR detectors, resonant biochemical sensors and resonant vacuum gauge, et al.
Buckling Behaviour and Natural Frequency of Zigzag and Armchair Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Rahmandoust Moones , Öchsner Andreas
Published: February 2012

In this study, single-walled carbon nanotubes were generated in their perfect state as finite element models in the MSC.Marc software. The buckling behaviour and resonant frequency modes of the two limiting cases of carbon nanotubes, i.e. the armchair and zigzag models, were studied. The obtained results were compared with the classical analytical solutions related to a similar continuum structure of a hollow cylinder. The buckling behaviour of single-walled carbon nanotubes under cantilever boundary conditions proved to be almost identical to the prediction of the classical Euler equation. Furthermore, there was very good agreement between the analytical and finite element results of the studied single-walled carbon nanotubes; though the achieved value of the first mode of frequency, obtained from the finite element results, was more accurate than the higher modes.
Synthesis of Biopolymeric α-Lactalbumin Protein Nanoparticles and Nanospheres as Green Nanofluids Using in Drug Delivery and Food Technology
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Pegah , Fakhroueian Zahra , Miran Beigi Ali Akbar
Published: February 2012

New nanofluids carrier containing fine homogeneous whey protein α-lactalbumin spherical nanoparticles and nanospheres have been synthesized by three methods in this research. Biochemical enzymatic catalysis by V8- protease, chemical hydrolysis (sol-gel assisted self assembly method) using cationic templates and metal ions ligand forming, and also by direct acidic titration method with applying various ethylene glycol derivatives containg alcohol solvents. Repeatability and stability of synthetic nanoparticles and nanospheres milk protein structures in clear and crystalline green water-based nanofluids was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis and TEM images (2-5nm) even after a one year period of preparation. Fabrication of non-toxic nanosolutions-nanofluids including nonionic and cationic surfactants, cosurfactants and suitable solvents, besides proper incubation temperatures (37-50°C), adjusted aging times and doped of divalent ions–bridging (Ca2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ ) between specific amino acids and carboxyl groups, are so vital factors in kinetically controlled self-assembly phenomenon of the natural protein building blocks to form high resistant and homogeneous nanoparticles and nanospheres in transparent and clear green nanofluids. Such nanofluids can have many applications in food and pharmaceutical industries for example in formulate foods with high nutritional value in oral and digestive (ingestion) routes, and drug delivery. Interesting textures of SEM images have also shown these new nanobiostructures of natural milk protein morphologies.
Nanomagnetic Arrays Formed with the Biomineralization Protein Mms6
Authors: Galloway Johanna M. , Bramble Jonathan P. , Rawlings Andrea E. , Burnell Gavin , Evans Stephen D. , Staniland Sarah S.
Published: February 2012

Many Modern Technologies, such as High Density Data Storage, Require Monodispersed Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs), which Have a Consistent Magnetic Behavior, Specifically Immobilized onto a Patterned Surface. Current Methods for Synthesizing Uniform Mnps Require High Temperatures and Harsh Chemicals, which Is Not Environmentally Friendly. Also, the Particles Are Expensive to Make and Expensive to Pattern Using Conventional Lithography Methods. Magnetic Bacteria Are Able to Synthesize Consistent Mnps in Vivo Using Biomineralization Proteins inside Magnetosome Vesicles to Control Particle Size and Shape and Make Single Domain Mnps. Mms6 Is a Biomineralization Protein that Is Able to Template Cubo-Octahedral MNP Formation in Vitro. it Is Thought the N-Terminus Helps Integrate the Protein into the Magnetosome Membrane, and the C-Terminus Interacts with Magnetite during Nucleation and/or MNP Growth. by Selectively Attaching Mms6 to a Patterned Self Assembled Monolayer via the N-Terminus, Patterns of Uniform Magnetite Mnps Are Templated in Situ. this Also Requires Careful Selection of the Mineralization Solution Used to Mineralize the Patterned Mms6. here we Evaluate some Low Temperature (room Temperature to < 100°C) Methods of Magnetite Formation to Produce Monodispersed Magnetite Mnps onto Immobilized Mms6. Room Temperature Co-Precipitation (RTCP) Was Found to Be Unsuitable, as the Magnetite Does Not Form on the Immobilized Mms6, but Appears to Form Rapidly as Base Is Added. Partial Oxidation of Ferrous Hydroxide (POFH) Was Found to Be Able to Form Consistent Magnetite Mnps on the Immobilized Mms6, as the Reactants Gradually Mature to Form Magnetite over a few Hours (at 80°C) or a few Days (room Temperature). by Carefully Controlling the Type of Base Used, the Ratio of the Reactants and the Temperature and Duration of the POFH Mineralization Reaction, this System Was Optimized to Produce Consistent Mnps (340 ± 54 Nm, Coercivity 109 Oe) on the Immobilized Mms6, with Scarcely any Mineralization on the Anti-Biofouling Background. the Mnps Are Ferrimagnetic, and Appear to Be Exchange Coupled across Multiple Particles in MFM Measurements. the Specificity of this Method towards Precise Magnetite Mineralization under Relatively Mild Conditions May Be Adapted to Nanoscale Patterning of Multiple Biotemplated Materials, by Using other Biomineralization Proteins or Peptides. this Would Allow the Fabrication of Cheaper, More Environmentally Friendly Components for Devices of the Future.
Microstructural Investigation of SiOx Thin Films Grown by Reactive Sputtering on (001) Si Substrates
Authors: Delimitis A. , Pappas S.D. , Grammatikopoulos S. , Poulopoulos Panagiotis , Kapaklis Vassilios , Trachylis D. , Politis C.
Published: February 2012

In the Current Study, the Structural Characteristics of Siox Thin Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering on Si Substrates Are Reported. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Revealed the Formation of Amorphous Siox Films for the as-Deposited Samples, as Well as the Ones Annealed in Ambient Air for 30 Min at 950oC and of Si Nanocrystals, Embedded in Amorphous Siox, after Ar Annealing for 1-4 Hours at 1000oC. the Nanocrystals, with Sizes up to 6 Nm, Predominately Exhibit {111} Lattice Planes. Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis Showed that the Si/O Ratio Is between 0.5-1, I.e. the Amorphous Films Comprise of a Mixture of Sio2 and Sio. Phase Images and Corresponding Strain Maps Created Using Fourier Filtering Revealed a Uniform Contrast in the Nanocrystals, which Shows that the Si Lattice Constant Does Not Vary Significantly. the Residual Strain Variations, around 4%, May Account for the Possible Existence of a Small Percentage of Highly Disordered Si or Siox Residual Clusters inside the Regular Si Matrix, in Full Agreement with Photoluminescence Measurements Performed on the same Materials.
Porosity Development in Carbon Nanofibers by Physical and Chemical Activation
Authors: Suárez-García F. , Paredes J.I. , Pérez-Mendoza M. , Nauroy J. , Martínez-Alonso A. , Tascón J.M.D.
Published: February 2012

In this Work we Have Compared the Effects of Physical Activation with CO2 and Chemical Activation with KOH on Porosity Development in Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs). both Physical and Chemical Activations Result in Micro- and Mesoporosity Development in the Studied Cnfs. under this Work’s Conditions, Chemical Activation with KOH Was More Efficient than Physical Activation with CO2 in Terms of Surface Area Increase Regarding the Fresh Material (7.5-Fold versus 4-Fold, Respectively, under the Optimal Conditions Found for each Type of Activation). Atomic Force Microscopy Indicated that, although the CNF Samples Retained their Fibrous Morphology upon both Physical and Chemical Activation, the Latter Treatment Brought about Noticeable Changes in their Nanometer-Scale Structure. Likewise, an Appreciable Decrease in Nanofiber Diameter Following both Types of Activation Was Noticed. However, such Diameter Reduction Could Not Account for the Increase in Specific Surface Area of the Activated Materials, which Has to Be Attributed to Porosity Development. X-Ray Diffraction Studies Showed that both Physical as Chemical Activation Take Place Mainly on the Disordered Skin of the Cnfs but in a Different Way. Thus, Physical Activation Removes the More Amorphous Areas from the CNF Skin by Gasification (which Increases their Structural Order), while upon Chemical Activation with KOH, the Carbon Material Is Oxidized to a Carbonate, and the Alkali Hydroxide Is Reduced to Metallic Potassium, which Becomes Intercalated between the Graphene Layers of the Carbon Material, Leading to a Certain Expansion of the Structure.
Finite Element Simulation on Superplastic Forming of Outer Jacket of Combustion Chamber
Authors: Yoon Jong Hoon , Yi Yeong Moo , Lee Ho Sung
Published: February 2012

In this paper, mould configurations are studied by finite element simulation for superplastic blow forming of combustion chamber outer jacket. One concave and two convex mould configurations are basically considered to determine which type would be advantageous in terms of forming time and thickness distribution. For the simulation, the flow stress equation of duplex stainless steel was determined from free bulging test. The simulation results showed that the concave type was quit a bit different from the other two cases. The concave mould configuration produced shorter forming time and thicker thickness distribution than the others, and it seems to be more effective for superplastic forming of outer jacket. The obtained pressure profile for the concave mould configuration was employed in actual forming and the thickness distribution was compared for the verification.
Superplastic Behavior in Magnesium Alloy with Dispersion of Quasicrystal Phase Particle
Authors: Somekawa Hidetoshi , Singh Alok , Mukai Toshiji
Published: February 2012

Superplastic behavior was investigated using an extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloy with the dispersion of the quasicrystal phase particle in fine-grained matrix. Tensile tests showed that the low temperature superplasticity was behaved at a temperature of 473 K and maximum elongation was 462 % at 573 K in 1  10-5 s-1. The deformed microstructure observation showed that the dominant deformation process was grain boundary sliding. The present alloy also demonstrated a high possibility for secondary forming, such as superplastic forge forming. Furthermore, the forged alloy had a homogeneous microstructures, no mechanical anisotropy and uniform micro-hardness properties in any portion of a forged product.
From Indirect to Direct Heating of Materials Using Lasers – A New Beginning for Superplastic Forming
Authors: Jocelyn Alan , Keevil Allan , Way Jerome , Flower Terry , Fanourakis Alexander , Ackerman Mike , Kar Aravinda
Published: February 2012

Superplastic forming (SPF) has traditionally relied on hot platen presses and furnaces as the principal heat sources to raise materials to superplastic forming temperatures. However, recent research, in the UK and the US, has concluded that such indirect heating methods are slow, expensive, and can only provide a single temperature to the work piece, which can be undesirable. In contrast, LISTechnology Limited (laser induced superplasticity technology) has been created to provide an alternative technology that can directly heat materials to be superplastically formed fast, at low cost and with the potential to control thickness distribution during forming through differential heating.

The first ‘laser cell’ for components formed from single sheet titanium is currently being built to demonstrate how direct heating of SPF materials with a laser will significantly increase material heat up rates, compared with current methods, whilst the low thermal mass of the cell will allow rapid cooling to below oxidation temperatures, thus significantly reducing manufacturing cycle times. Furthermore, the cell will only utilise thermally stable, inert ceramic dies within which the titanium will be formed, these being contained within a sealed argon environment, thereby offering the possibility of alpha case free, rapid forming at high temperatures.
Three-Dimension Green Biomass and Ecological Benefit Assessment of 10-to 15-Year-Old Taxus Chinensis Var. Mairei
Authors: Li Liang Song , Xie Jing
Published: February 2012

Taxus chinensis var. maire is an important medicinal, ecological and environmental friendly plant. To propose calculation methods of three-dimensional ecological benefit assessment index of Taxus chinensis var. maire, 10 main indicators of 90 Taxus chinensis var. maire at the age of 10 to 15 were measured and calculated, including heights of trees and crowns, diameter of crowns and roots, largest vertical section area of crowns, numbers of branches and leaves, length, width and area of leaves, based on consideration of situations such as altitude, coordinates, solar radiation, mean annual sunshine hours, rainfall and temperature, days with 4 or more than 4 power wind, frost-free period, etc. Ecological benefits of Taxus chinensis var. maire were analyzed using two-and three-dimensional models based on the research of three-dimensional vegetation volume, and the main results were analyzed and summarized. This will provide a scientific assessment standard for exploitation and territory plantation of Taxus chinensis var. maire.
Red Edge Shift and its Implication for Buried Ore Prospecting a Case Study of Shujigou Copper Mine, Liaoning, P.R.China
Authors: Yao Yu Zeng , Li Wei Qun , Xu Yan Yan , Lu Jun Sheng
Published: February 2012

It is difficult for ore prospecting by conventional methods of geologic mapping and geophysical or geochemical methods in highly vegetated terrain. High resolution spectral measurement is an excellent tool. In this paper, the reflectance spectra of oak leaves and larch leaves in Shujigou Copper Mine, P.R. China, were measured by ASD Fieldspec®3 portable spectroradiometer and red edge positions are obtained by derivative method. The results indicate that the “blue shift” of foliage of both species is spatially well in accordance with the ore bodies, despite of the ore vein buried or not and the depth of ore-bury. The research provides the theoretical basis for the ore exploration in vegetated terrain by hyperspectral remote sensing method.
Nonlinear Analysis on Movement of Micro-Robot Actuated by ICPF
Authors: Nie Lin , Zhang Xing Lan , Nie Rong
Published: February 2012

A novel fish-like flexible micro-robot actuated by ICPF (Ionic Conducting Polymer Film) is presented in the paper. In order to improve the controlling reliability and feasibility of the robot’s movement, we establish the dynamic model of the micro-robot by applying kutta-joukowski theorem and illuminate the nonlinear characteristics on a y direction phase and displacement of the robot’s movement. Some simulation and experiment graphs about the y direction phase and displacement of the robot are performed.
The Synthesis of Nano-Structured TiO2 Ceramics by Modified Two Step Sintering
Authors: Li Bao Rang , Xi Xin Ming , Bai Yang
Published: February 2012

The nano-TiO2powders with the average particle size of about 40nm were used as starting materials. The compacted powders were firstly performed in Spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) at a high temperature and then sintered in air for hours at a relatively low temperature. The obtained samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed an obvious reduction in grain size was achieved by taking advantage of modified two step sintering (MTSS). The value of the relative grain growth d/do for the samples prepared by MTSS was less than 3.
Applying a Six Sigma MAIC Process to Improve the Quality of Lens Camera Production
Authors: Chen Kuen Suan , Wang Ching Hsin , Wang Yu Yi
Published: February 2012

The rapid development of technology has led to the increased embracing of portable consumer electronics, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, and notebook computers. The lens cameras installed in these electronics are indispensable, and the function and quality of lens cameras have gained increasing attention. This study examines the production processes of lens camera products, utilizing the production capacity indicatorCpmto develop an evaluation model. This approach seeks to determine the important product quality characteristic production processes that have a detrimental impact on lens camera product quality. This study then applies a Six Sigma MAIC product quality improvement process to analyze the reasons for poor product quality, utilizing the Taguchi experimental design to examine the optimal production parameters; this study attempts to control production process quality through applying controls to these parameters. Ultimately, this study attempts to utilize Six Sigma MAIC processes to continually improve the quality of lens camera production processes, helping companies to increase the quality of their lens camera products and improve their competitive positions.
QoS Evaluation Model for Web Services Composition
Authors: Fan Yi Yan , Mei Xiao Yong
Published: February 2012

With the gradual development and standardization of services-oriented computing (SOC), it becomes a rapidly growing software developing pattern to composition Web services into applications. Since Web services composition are long-lasting, loosely coupled and cross application and administrative boundaries, it is essential to choose proper services to compose the composite Web services to meet user’s requirements. This paper presents a QoS evaluation method for aggregation services when failure occurs and defines QoS evaluation model of the common aggregation patterns of transaction compensation. Experiment results show that when it is used to evaluate the QoS of composite Web services, QoS evaluation method of aggregation transaction compensation is much better than the Web services composition method based on random selection, and it is feasible and effective.
Application Study on Microwave Resonance Cavity for Non-Electrical Quantity Detection
Authors: Deng Meng Nan , Lu Zhi Yuan , Wei Qing Qing , He Man Man , Yue Man Zhi
Published: February 2012

In order to detect the humidity and the density of cigarette, we designed a type of microwave resonance cavity sensor which is called repeating-entry model. We used TM010 resonance model to the real-time detection of cigarette humidity and density. Under two conditions: vacuum resonance and cigarette in existence, through the swept technique we obtain resonance frequency，peak powerand half power point bandwidth from amplitude-frequency peculiarity (Figure I). According to mathematical formulas (6) and (7), we get cigarette humidity and density respectively. The detection technique has many advantages such as speediness, continuation, high resolution rate, non-pollution, safe and convenient operation, etc. And it is applicable to industrial survey on the spot.
Study of Spaceborne Spotlight SAR Coregistration Algorithm
Authors: Ren Xiao Zhen , Qin Yao , Fu Hong Liang
Published: February 2012

The azimuth resolution of Spotlight SAR is analyzed from the azimuth antenna pattern weighting, and the effect of the azimuth-varying Doppler on Spotlight SAR interferometry is studied. A coregistration algorithm based on adaptive subspace projection is proposed for Spotlight SAR interferometry. In this method, an adaptive factor is introduced to select the sample number of joint covariance matrix based on the coherence value. Moreover, the Doppler centroid drift in the azimuth direction is also considered in spotlight SAR images coregistration. The method is validated with the real data from the GERMAN radar satellite TerraSAR-X.
S-Band Polarimetric Radar Scattering Measurement from Different Random Rough Surface
Authors: Jia Ming Quan , Tong Ling , Chen Yan , Lu Hai Ping
Published: February 2012

This paper explores a new set of indoor radar scattering measurements system from terrain by reporting the results of an investigation involving measurements of the hemispherical pattern of the field scattered by a random soil surface. S-band polarimetric radar scattering measurements have been carried out on a random surfaces of different characterized. The measurements were performed by a 3.2-GHz fully polarimetric radar system with transmitter and receiver modules mounted on Semi-circular orbit. The acquired data were analyzed to determine the angular sensitivities of several attributes of the scattered field, including backscattering scattering coefficients of different polarization, different soil surface parameters. In order to further improve the system's precision, many independent samples were measured by turntable rotation, and show that the indoor radar scattering measurements system was effective and accurate for study the mechanism of random rough surface scattering.
An Experimental Research on Faraday Effect of Magneto-Optical Medium
Authors: Li Shu Hui , Li Xiao Jun
Published: February 2012

The Verdet constant is the essential parameter of Faraday Effect. Study on Verdet constant of magnetic optical medium is very important in Faraday Effect research and application. In this paper, Verdet constant of liquid and solid medium were investigated with light extinction method with the help of photoelectric detector. Using the square wave magneto-optic modulation method which we established, Verdet constant of air was measured. Variation of Verdet constant of these materials with changes of light wavelength and temperature was investigated. These experimental data may provide reference for research and application of magneto-optic effect. Meanwhile, the experiment in this paper is also one of the key works of magnetic rotation imaging method for geomagnetic field measurement which we proposed. It will provide experimental support for this new geomagnetic field measurement method.
Content-Based Image Retrieval through Region Uniformly Partition
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Zhuang De Wen , Wang Shou Jue
Published: February 2012

It has been demonstrated that accurate image segmentation is still an open problem. For avoiding this difficulties in content-based image retrieval, an region uniform partition approaching was proposed. Based on fusing regional color features using smooth slide histogram and texture features extracted using Gabor wavelet, we provided the corresponding similarity measure. The image retrieval performance on a subset of the COREL database are better than SIMPLIcity system showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Study on MODIS PWV Correction Based on GPS in Beijing Region
Authors: Wang Yong , Jiao Jian , Ding Ke Liang , Liu Yan Ping
Published: February 2012

Atmospheric propagation delays limit the measurement accuracy of post-and inter-seismic deformations, subsidence induced by mining or fluid extraction, or ground motion. It is particularly important to devise techniques to improve our understanding of electromagnetic delays in the atmosphere and to mitigate their effects on SAR measurements. The article compared GPS PWV and MODIS PWV in Beijing and concluded the correct model of MODIS PWV. The MODIS PWV for correct model is better than MODIS PWV. The mean value of the minus results of MODIS modified PWV subs tract from GPS PWV in summer is-0.8mm, while the mean value of the minus results of MODIS PWV subs tract from GPS PWV in summer is 5.9mm. The mean value of the minus results of MODIS modified PWV subs tract from GPS PWV in winter is-0.1mm, while the mean value of the minus results of MODIS PWV subs tract from GPS PWV in winter is-0.6mm.
The Study of the MEMS Gyro Zero Drift Signal Based on the Adaptive Kalman Filter
Authors: Chen Wei Cao , Gao Guo Wei , Wang Juan , Liu Li Li , Li Xi Lin
Published: February 2012

The random noise is an important factor that affects the precision of the MEMS gyroscope. Based on the time-series analysis method, the AR model of the MEMS gyro drift signal is established. Then the adaptive Kalman filter is used to filter the drift signal. Comparison the original signal and the signal filtered by the adaptive Kalman filter, we found that the adaptive Kalman filter has the good filtering effect in the processing the zero drift signal of the MEMS gyro.
An Improved Channel Estimation Algorithm and Implementation Based on FPGA for OFDM System
Authors: Xia Chang Sheng , Shi Min , Feng Li Juan
Published: February 2012

An improved FPGA implementation of channel estimation based on pilot arrangement is proposed in this paper. Typical methods are firstly investigated and compared by MATLAB simulation. The paper puts the pilots to the least square criterion to estimate the channel frequency domain response by using linear interpolation method with comb-type pilots arrangement in FPGA implement, it makes a good balance between algorithmic capability and FPGA design complexity. The simulations prove that the design can accomplish channel estimation and emendation, and it can meet the demand of the system.