bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology, Effusion Rates, and Petrology of Postglacial Lavas of Laguna del Maule Volcanic Field, Chilean Andes, and Implications for Their Plumbing System
Authors: Cáceres Francisco , Castruccio Ángelo , Parada Miguel A.
Published: November 2018

We analyzed the dimensions, morphology, and petrography of nine postglacial lava flows, ranging from andesites to rhyolites, located at the Laguna del Maule Volcanic Field in the Southern Andes of Chile. Our data were used in conjunction with theoretical models of magma ascent and lava flow advance to estimate time scales of lava emplacement, effusion rates, magma chamber volume, and conduit dimensions. The results indicate that the parameters of these past eruptions correspond to eruptions of months to a few years in duration, with peak effusion rates <100 m3/s, and were fed by magma chambers of 6 to 30 km3 and conduits of radius 20 to 70 m. Thermobarometric results indicate crystallization pressures between 260 and 450 MPa and temperatures of 780 to 1060 °C for the analyzed units. These results, taken together with recent geophysical studies, suggest that the most likely scenario, in case of an eruption, corresponds to a medium size eruption (0.1–1 km3). Initial activity would be explosive, followed by the extrusion of lava flows that can last several months.
Future Nuisance Flooding in Norfolk, VA, From Astronomical Tides and Annual to Decadal Internal Climate Variability
Authors: Burgos A. G. , Hamlington B. D. , Thompson P. R. , Ray R. D.
Published: November 2018

Increasing sea level rise will lead to more instances of nuisance flooding along the Virginia coastline in the coming decades, causing road closures and deteriorating infrastructure. These minor flood events can be caused by astronomical tides alone, in addition to internal climate variability on annual to decadal timescales. An assessment of nuisance flooding from these two effects is presented up until the year 2050 for Norfolk, Virginia. The analysis of water levels indicates that nuisance flooding from tides alone in conjunction with a medium‐high sea level scenario will result in flooding beginning in 2030 with frequency increasing thereafter. The addition of climate variability, by use of an empirical mode decomposition, leads to a substantial increase of flooding relative to the tides‐alone analysis and shows flood events beginning as soon as 2020. High tides in the future will produce nuisance flooding without the need of other drivers such as coastal storms.
Initial Geostationary Lightning Mapper Observations
Authors: Rudlosky Scott D. , Goodman Steven J. , Virts Katrina S. , Bruning Eric C.
Published: November 2018

The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) continuously observes lightning throughout a near‐hemispheric field of view, capturing spatiotemporal variability on unprecedented scales. This study documents GLM lightning distributions during the initial 9 months in the operational Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐East position (December 2017 to August 2018). Spatial maps, summary statistics, and time series illustrate seasonal, regional, and diurnal lightning patterns. Lightning activity shifts from south to north during the study period with most lightning over land (83%). The average GLM flash extends over a 454‐km2 area, lasts 301 ms, produces 262 fJ of optical energy, and consists of 16.4 (42.2) groups (events). On average, GLM flashes over the oceans are larger (570 km2), of longer duration (345 ms), and brighter (420 fJ) than flashes over land (431 km2, 293 ms, and 230 fJ). The baseline values and early insights reported herein aim to guide the early development and application of GLM observations.
Seasonal Deuterium Excess Variations of Precipitation at Summit, Greenland, and their Climatological Significance
Authors: Kopec B. G. , Feng X. , Posmentier E. S. , Sonder L. J.
Published: November 2018

The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of ice cores from Summit, Greenland, has provided invaluable information about variations in past climate. However, interpretations of these isotopic data have been made despite a paucity of direct isotopic studies of Summit precipitation. We provide insight to such interpretations by examining the annual cycle of deuterium excess (d‐excess) in precipitation samples from Summit and by considering the climatic controls on the annual cycle. Precipitation was collected daily from July 2011 to September 2014 at heights of 1, 2, and 4 m. The isotopic composition of precipitation sampled at 4 m above the snow surface is free of contamination from blowing snow. Precipitation d‐excess is high in the summer and low in the winter, a pattern opposite to that found at most high‐latitude locations, where summer d‐excess is low relative to winter. Low winter d‐excess values at Summit can be explained by varying degrees of Rayleigh distillation of moisture sourced from isotopically similar marine sources. However, the observed summer d‐excess maximum at Summit is anomalously high compared with other Arctic locations, and we propose that this is due to high d‐excess moisture contributed by sublimation of surface snow on the Greenland Ice Sheet. We demonstrate the plausibility of this hypothesis through simple isotopic mass balance calculations, analyses of cloud heights, and back trajectories to identify moisture sources. We show that Rayleigh distillation, sublimation, and the phase of the d‐excess annual cycle are all important factors that should be considered in ice core d‐excess interpretations.
Advancing Terrestrial Ecosystem Science With a Novel Automated Measurement System for Sun‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Integration With Eddy Covariance Flux Networks
Authors: Gu L. , Wood J. D. , Chang C. Y.‐Y. , Sun Y. , Riggs J. S.
Published: November 2018

Sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides critical information on the dynamics of gross primary productivity, a unique role not readily achievable using other methods. Long‐term continuous SIF observations have the potential to advance terrestrial ecosystem science. Realizing this potential, however, requires synergistic implementation of SIF measurements within eddy covariance (EC) flux networks. There is a need for SIF systems that can integrate seamlessly with EC instrumentation to maximize synergistic use of obtained data. Here we introduce the Fluorescence Auto‐Measurement Equipment (FAME) and protocol that fulfill such a purpose. FAME is designed specifically for plug‐and‐play integration with existing EC data acquisition systems. Its innovative hardware and software designs provide versatility, extensibility, autonomous operation, and ease of maintenance for acquiring SIF data of high quality and quantity. A major novel feature of FAME is its synchronized sampling of spectral irradiance and environmental variables, allowing for more precise interpretation of the SIF signal. FAME has been deployed since September 2016 at the Missouri Ozark AmeriFlux site, providing high‐quality measurements even when air temperatures approached 40 °C. Results reveal that canopy SIF saturated or even slightly decreased at high light, similar to leaf‐level photosynthesis. Clear diurnal hysteresis was observed: For the same light, morning SIF was higher than afternoon. Dynamic energy dissipation processes and stress‐induced movements of chloroplasts and leaves may explain the observed pattern. The technology and measurement protocol introduced here advances the coordinated observation of SIF and EC fluxes and represents a step change in observational ecosystem and carbon cycle science research.
Broad Consistency Between Satellite and Vegetation Model Estimates of Net Primary Productivity Across Global and Regional Scales
Authors: Liu Laibao , Peng Shushi , AghaKouchak Amir , Huang Yuanyuan , Li Yan , Qin Dahe , Xie Aili , Li Shuangcheng
Published: November 2018

Drought has the potential to significantly decrease net primary production (NPP). However, the drought sensitivity of NPP remains unclear globally. Here we investigated the response of NPP to drought for the period 1982–2011 using NPP derived from satellite models, eight dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), and several drought indices. Our results indicate that the sign of drought response of NPP is consistent across satellites and DGVMs globally. Both the model and satellite data show a unimodal distribution of drought sensitivity across climatic gradients and indicate that semiarid regions are the most drought‐sensitive areas. In addition, a decreasing drought trend was significantly correlated with an increasing trend in satellite‐derived NPP or DGVM‐derived NPP globally. However, the DGVM‐derived NPP is more sensitive to drought than the satellite‐derived NPP over most vegetated land areas and presents a stronger correlation with drought, higher drought sensitivity, and larger slopes between NPP and drought trends. The overresponse of the DGVM‐derived NPP to drought relative to the satellite‐derived NPP could be attributed to the higher drought sensitivity of the simulated leaf area index and overresponse of the DGVM‐derived NPP to the vapor pressure deficit. Overall, large uncertainties remain in the response of NPP to drought and additional long‐term observations are required to better represent NPP responses to water stress in DGVM models.
A Critical Assessment of Relating Resazurin–Resorufin Experiments to Reach‐Scale Metabolism in Lowland Streams
Authors: Knapp Julia L. A. , Cirpka Olaf A.
Published: November 2018

The reactive tracer resazurin is frequently used to investigate metabolic processes and hyporheic exchange in streams, because its transformation to resorufin is considered a function of oxygen turnover in the presence of living cells and thus of ecosystem respiration. This has been investigated and confirmed in a number of laboratory and batch studies but so far not unanimously been verified in the field. In this study we conducted 13 tracer tests with resazurin in different small, low‐gradient streams typical of lowland regions. We determined tracer processing rates and ratios based on metrics commonly used to assess reactive‐tracer tests with resazurin and compared them to flow characteristics and respiration rates determined from diel‐oxygen recordings following a two‐station approach. We found no statistical relationship between tracer processing and parameters of transport, indicating that resazurin‐to‐resorufin transformation cannot be explained by hydrological parameters alone. The statistical relationship between resazurin processing and respiration rates based on diel‐oxygen profiles was strongest if resazurin‐to‐resorufin transformation ratios were used, and uptake lengths were also found to be a good proxy. However, the relationships were not linear, and weak for individual streams, contrary to what was expected based on previous laboratory and batch studies. We attribute this finding to a lack of process understanding of resazurin reactions under field conditions, and generally insignificant hyporheic exchange fluxes in lowland streams. Our findings highlight important limitations of the tracer technique under field conditions.
In vivo theranostics with near-infrared-emitting carbon dots—highly efficient photothermal therapy based on passive targeting after intravenous administration
Authors: Bao Xin , Yuan Ye , Chen Jingqin , Zhang Bohan , Li Di , Zhou Ding , Jing Pengtao , Xu Guiying , Wang Yingli , Holá Kateřina , Shen Dezhen , Wu Changfeng , Song Liang , Liu Chengbo , Zbořil Radek , Qu Songnan
Published: November 2018

Carbon dots that exhibit near-infrared fluorescence (NIR CDs) are considered emerging nanomaterials for advanced biomedical applications with low toxicity and superior photostability and targeting compared to currently used photoluminescence agents. Despite progress in the synthesis of NIR CDs, there remains a key obstacle to using them as an in vivo theranostic agent. This work demonstrates that the newly developed sulfur and nitrogen codoped NIR CDs are highly efficient in photothermal therapy (PTT) in mouse models (conversion efficiency of 59%) and can be readily visualized by photoluminescence and photoacoustic imaging. The real theranostic potential of NIR CDs is enhanced by their unique biodistribution and targeting. Contrary to all other nanomaterials that have been tested in biomedicine, they are excreted through the body’s renal filtration system. Moreover, after intravenous injection, NIR CDs are accumulated in tumor tissue via passive targeting, without any active species such as antibodies. Due to their accumulation in tumor tissue without the need for intratumor injection, high photothermal conversion, excellent optical and photoacoustic imaging performance, and renal excretion, the developed CDs are suitable for transfer to clinical biomedical practice.
Independent control of harmonic amplitudes and phases via a time-domain digital coding metasurface
Authors: Dai Jun Yan , Zhao Jie , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: November 2018

Harmonic manipulations are important for applications such as wireless communications, radar detection and biological monitoring. A general approach to tailor the harmonics involves the use of additional amplifiers and phase shifters for the precise control of harmonic amplitudes and phases after the mixing process; however, this approach leads to issues of high cost and system integration. Metasurfaces composed of a periodic array of subwavelength resonators provide additional degrees of freedom to realize customized responses to incident light and highlight the possibility for nonlinear control by taking advantage of time-domain properties. Here, we designed and experimentally characterized a reflective time-domain digital coding metasurface, with independent control of the harmonic amplitude and phase. As the reflection coefficient is dynamically modulated in a predefined way, a large conversion rate is observed from the carrier signal to the harmonic components, with magnitudes and phases that can be accurately and separately engineered. In addition, by encoding the reflection phases of the meta-atoms, beam scanning for multiple harmonics can be implemented via different digital coding sequences, thus removing the need for intricate phase-shift networks. This work paves the way for efficient harmonic control for applications in communications, radar, and related areas.
High-fidelity multimode fibre-based endoscopy for deep brain in vivo imaging
Authors: Turtaev Sergey , Leite Ivo T. , Altwegg-Boussac Tristan , Pakan Janelle M. P. , Rochefort Nathalie L. , Čižmár Tomáš
Published: November 2018

Progress in neuroscience relies on new techniques for investigating the complex dynamics of neuronal networks. An ongoing challenge is to achieve minimally invasive and high-resolution observations of neuronal activity in vivo inside deep brain areas. Recently introduced methods for holographic control of light propagation in complex media enable the use of a hair-thin multimode optical fibre as an ultranarrow imaging tool. Compared to endoscopes based on graded-index lenses or fibre bundles, this new approach offers a footprint reduction exceeding an order of magnitude, combined with a significant enhancement in resolution. We designed a compact and high-speed system for fluorescent imaging at the tip of a fibre, achieving a resolution of 1.18 ± 0.04 µm across a 50-µm field of view, yielding 7-kilopixel images at a rate of 3.5 frames/s. Furthermore, we demonstrate in vivo observations of cell bodies and processes of inhibitory neurons within deep layers of the visual cortex and hippocampus of anaesthetised mice. This study paves the way for modern microscopy to be applied deep inside tissues of living animal models while exerting a minimal impact on their structural and functional properties.
A novel therapeutic anticancer property of raw garlic extract via injection but not ingestion
Authors: Li Zhiming , Le Wenjun , Cui Zheng
Published: November 2018

Prior studies suggest a possibility that the anticancer property of garlic is more effective only when exposed directly to cancer cells than absorbed first by the normal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract wall. We tested this possibility in two mouse models of highly aggressive malignancies that cannot yet be cured by conventional therapies: sarcoma 180- and EL4-induced lethal ascites. Daily oral gavages of raw garlic extract (RGE; equivalent to 100 mg wet weight) for 21 days failed to offer any meaningful effect in the mice with malignancies. However, the daily injection of the same amounts of the same materials for 21 days completely cured all the mice of cancer. This novel anticancer activity of RGE was present entirely in the size fraction of the molecules smaller than 3000 Dalton rather than the larger molecules and was completely partitioned into the organic phase rather than into the aqueous phase. One half of the anticancer activity was inactivated by heating at 100 °C for 10 min, suggesting that multiple components were concertedly involved. In a direct comparison, the RGE was significantly more effective in killing the cultured cancer cells in vitro than the extracts from other 21 raw vegetables and fruits. In cell culture, RGE killed a wide variety of different cancer cells regardless of species of origin and cell types. Cancer cells generally are well known to be defective in many common metabolic pathways present in their normal cell counterpart for processing normal nutrients. The metabolism of these otherwise normal nutrients could be stalled in the cancer cells and become cytotoxic. The most-effective way of treating cancer by RGE may be the direct injection instead of eating the cooked garlic.
PTEN expression by an oncolytic herpesvirus directs T-cell mediated tumor clearance
Authors: Russell Luke , Swanner Jessica , Jaime-Ramirez Alena Cristina , Wang Yufeng , Sprague Alex , Banasavadi-Siddegowda Yeshavanth , Yoo Ji Young , Sizemore Gina M. , Kladney Raleigh , Zhang Jianying , Lehman Norman L. , Ostrowski Michael C , Hong Bangxing , Caligiuri Michael , Yu Jianhua , Kaur Balveen
Published: November 2018

Engineered oncolytic viruses are used clinically to destroy cancer cells and have the ability to boost anticancer immunity. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 loss is common across a broad range of malignancies, and is implicated in immune escape. The N-terminally extended isoform, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 alpha (PTENα), regulates cellular functions including protein kinase B signaling and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. Here we constructed HSV-P10, a replicating, PTENα expressing oncolytic herpesvirus, and demonstrate that it inhibits PI3K/AKT signaling, increases cellular adenosine triphosphate secretion, and reduces programmed death-ligand 1 expression in infected tumor cells, thus priming an adaptive immune response and overcoming tumor immune escape. A single dose of HSV-P10 resulted in long term survivors in mice bearing intracranial tumors, priming anticancer T-cell immunity leading to tumor rejection. This implicates HSV-P10 as an oncolytic and immune stimulating therapeutic for anticancer therapy.
Cross-species interference of gene expression
Authors: de Bruijn Irene , Verhoeven Koen J. F.
Published: November 2018

Microbes can contribute to protection of animals and plants against diseases. A recent study reveals a mechanism by which a bacterium controls fungal infection in wheat, involving secretion of a metabolite that affects histone acetyltransferase activity of a plant pathogenic fungus.
Double dative bond between divalent carbon(0) and uranium
Authors: Su Wei , Pan Sudip , Sun Xiong , Wang Shuao , Zhao Lili , Frenking Gernot , Zhu Congqing
Published: November 2018

Dative bonds between p- and d-block atoms are common but species containing a double dative bond, which donate two-electron pairs to the same acceptor, are far less common. The synthesis of complexes between UCl4 and carbodiphosphoranes (CDP), which formally possess double dative bonds Cl4U⇇CDP, is reported in this paper. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the uranium−carbon distances are in the range of bond lengths for uranium−carbon double bonds. A bonding analysis suggests that the molecules are uranium−carbone complexes featuring divalent carbon(0) ligands rather than uranium−carbene species. The complexes represent rare examples with a double dative bond in f-block chemistry. Our study not only introduces the concept of double dative bonds between carbones and f-block elements but also opens an avenue for the construction of other complexes with double dative bonds, thus providing new opportunities for the applications of f-block compounds.
Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe
Authors: Lamnidis Thiseas C. , Majander Kerttu , Jeong Choongwon , Salmela Elina , Wessman Anna , Moiseyev Vyacheslav , Khartanovich Valery , Balanovsky Oleg , Ongyerth Matthias , Weihmann Antje , Sajantila Antti , Kelso Janet , Pääbo Svante , Onkamo Päivi , Haak Wolfgang , Krause Johannes , Schiffels Stephan
Published: November 2018

European population history has been shaped by migrations of people, and their subsequent admixture. Recently, ancient DNA has brought new insights into European migration events linked to the advent of agriculture, and possibly to the spread of Indo-European languages. However, little is known about the ancient population history of north-eastern Europe, in particular about populations speaking Uralic languages, such as Finns and Saami. Here we analyse ancient genomic data from 11 individuals from Finland and north-western Russia. We show that the genetic makeup of northern Europe was shaped by migrations from Siberia that began at least 3500 years ago. This Siberian ancestry was subsequently admixed into many modern populations in the region, particularly into populations speaking Uralic languages today. Additionally, we show that ancestors of modern Saami inhabited a larger territory during the Iron Age, which adds to the historical and linguistic information about the population history of Finland.
Accurate and efficient data acquisition methods for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission microscopy
Authors: Iwasawa Hideaki , Takita Hitoshi , Goto Kazuki , Mansuer Wumiti , Miyashita Takeo , Schwier Eike F. , Ino Akihiro , Shimada Kenya , Aiura Yoshihiro
Published: November 2018

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful experimental technique in materials science, as it can directly probe electronic states inside solids in energy (E) and momentum (k) space. As an advanced technique, spatially-resolved ARPES using a well-focused light source (high-resolution ARPES microscopy) has recently attracted growing interests because of its capability to obtain local electronic information at micro- or nano-metric length scales. However, there exist several technical challenges to guarantee high precision in determining translational and rotational positions in reasonable measurement time. Here we present two methods of obtaining k-space mapping and real-space imaging in high-resolution ARPES microscopy. One method is for k-space mapping measurements that enables us to keep a target position on a sample surface during sample rotation by compensating rotation-induced displacements (tracing acquisition method). Another method is for real-space imaging measurements that significantly reduces total acquisition time (scanning acquisition method). We provide several examples of these methods that clearly indicate higher accuracy in k-space mapping as well as higher efficiency in real-space imaging, and thus improved throughput of high-resolution APRES microscopy.
Analytic estimation of transition between instantaneous eigenstates of quantum two-level system
Authors: Suzuki Takayuki , Nakazato Hiromichi , Grimaudo Roberto , Messina Antonino
Published: November 2018

Transition amplitudes between instantaneous eigenstates of a quantum two-level system are evaluated analytically on the basis of a new parametrization of its evolution operator, which has recently been proposed to construct exact solutions. In particular, the condition under which the transitions are suppressed is examined analytically. It is shown that the analytic expression of the transition amplitude enables us, not only to confirm the adiabatic theorem, but also to derive the necessary and sufficient condition for quantum two-level system to remain in one of the instantaneous eigenstates.
Antrodia cinnamomea induces autophagic cell death via the CHOP/TRB3/Akt/mTOR pathway in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tsai Dai-Hua , Chung Cheng-Han , Lee Kung-Ta
Published: November 2018

Antrodia cinnamomea, a well-known traditional medicine used in Taiwan, is a potent anticancer drug for colorectal cancer, but the upstream molecular mechanism of its anticancer effects remains unclear. In this study,A. cinnamomeaextracts showed cytotoxicity in HCT116, HT29, SW480, Caco-2 and, Colo205 colorectal cancer cells. Whole-genome expression profiling ofA. cinnamomeaextracts in HCT116 cells was performed.A. cinnamomeaextracts upregulated the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker CHOP and its downstream gene TRB3. Moreover, dephosphorylation of Akt and mTOR as well as autophagic cell death were observed. Gene expression and autophagic cell death were reversed by the knockdown of CHOP and TRB3. Autophagy inhibition but not apoptosis inhibition reversedA. cinnamomea-induced cell death. Finally, we demonstrated thatA. cinnamomeaextracts significantly suppressed HCT116 tumour growth in nude mice. Our findings suggest that autophagic cell death via the CHOP/TRB3/Akt/mTOR pathway may represent a new mechanism of anti-colorectal cancer action byA. cinnamomea.A. cinnamomeais a new CHOP activator and potential drug that can be used in colorectal cancer treatment.
Krüppel-like factor 8 regulates VEGFA expression and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Sanuo , Zhang Xingping , Xu Yali , Dai Xiaobo , Li Jiachu , Zhang Tao , Chen Xiaopin
Published: November 2018

Tumor angiogenesis plays a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression, but its mechanism is unclear. Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in HCC progression. Here, we investigated the role of KLF8 in angiogenesis in HCC and its possible mechanism. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, promoter reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and nude mouse tumor models were used to show that the mRNA and protein expression levels of KLF8 and VEGFA are highly correlated in HCC tissue samples. The up-regulation of KLF8 increased VEGFA protein levels and induced VEGFA promoter activity by binding to the CACCC region of the VEGFA promoter. In addition, KLF8 regulated HIF-1α and Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 inhibited KLF8-induced VEGFA expression, whereas PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins, such as P-PDK1(Ser241) and P-AKT(Thr308), were decreased significantly. KLF8-overexpressing HCC cells had a higher potential for inducing angiogenesis. Thus, our results indicate that KLF8 may induce angiogenesis in HCC by binding to the CACCC region of the VEGFA promoter to induce VEGFA promoter activity and through FAK to activate PI3K/AKT signaling to regulate HIF-1α expression levels.
Author Correction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging for tracking cellular patterns obtained by Laser-Assisted Bioprinting
Authors: Kérourédan Olivia , Ribot Emeline Julie , Fricain Jean-Christophe , Devillard Raphaël , Miraux Sylvain
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Paper-based platform for detection by hybridization using intrinsically labeled fluorescent oligonucleotide probes on quantum dots
Authors: Shahmuradyan Anna , Moazami-Goudarzi Maryam , Kitazume Fasika , Espie George S. , Krull Ulrich J.
Published: November 2018

Paper-based platform for the selective detection of DNA targets by hybridization using FRET between intrinsically labeled fluorescent DNA probes and quantum dots.
Cost-effective side-illumination darkfield nanoplasmonic marker microscopy
Authors: Qi Mengjiao , Darviot Cecile , Patskovsky Sergiy , Meunier Michel
Published: November 2018

Side-illumination darkfield nanoplasmonic marker microscopy for cytopathology applications is presented.
A dual signal amplification method for miR-204 assay by combining chimeric molecular beacon with double-stranded nuclease
Authors: Liu Hao , Fan Jialong , Liu Weiping , Tong Chunyi , Xie Zhenhua , Deng Rilin , Long Xiaoyan
Published: November 2018

Due to the miRNA's key roles in early disease diagnosis, an assay based on chimeric molecular beacon was constructed for miR204 detection with LOD lower to 50 pM.
Fabrication of an all-diamond microelectrode using a chromium mask
Authors: Asai Kai , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: November 2018

We have developed a new method for fabricating all-diamond microelectrodes.
One-pot synthesis of highly sintering- and coking-resistant Ni nanoparticles encapsulated in dendritic mesoporous SiO2 for methane dry reforming
Authors: Tian Jingqing , Ma Bing , Bu Saiyu , Yuan Qinghong , Zhao Chen
Published: November 2018

We present a one-pot method for the encapsulation of small Ni particles into a dendritic SiO2 skeleton.
Ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate to poly(trimethylene carbonate) diol over a heterogeneous high-temperature calcined CeO2 catalyst
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Matsuda Keitaro , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: November 2018

CeO2 calcined at 1273 K was an effective reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of poly(trimethylene carbonate) diol by ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate under neat conditions without any additives.
Copper dithiolene [Cu(SC6H2Cl2S)2]− units connected to alkaline/copper complexes: from ionic assemblies to discrete molecular entities and coordination polymers
Authors: Amo-Ochoa Pilar , Castillo Oscar , Delgado Esther , Gallut Ana , Hernández Elisa , Perles Josefina , Zamora Félix
Published: November 2018

New coordination polymers or ion-pair complexes containing the [Cu(SC6H2Cl2S)2]− entity and M+ (alkaline or Cu metals) has been obtained.
Mechanism of phase transfer of uranyl ions: a vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy study on solvent extraction in nuclear reprocessing
Authors: Kusaka Ryoji , Watanabe Masayuki
Published: November 2018

VSFG study on interfaces of TBP/uranyl aqueous solutions shows that uranyl ion does not form complexes with TBP at the interface, and proposes a new extraction mechanism.
Stability of AumAgn(m+n= 1–6) clusters supported on a F-center MgO(100) surface
Authors: Buendía Fernando , Vargas Jorge A. , Beltrán Marcela R.
Published: November 2018

A theoretical study has been performed for deposited AumAgn(m+n= 1–6) clusters.
Analysing thermophoretic transport of water for designing nanoscale-pumps
Authors: Rajegowda Rakesh , Sathian Sarith P.
Published: November 2018

The net flow of water through a thermal nanopump is linearly dependent on the imposed thermal gradient of the carbon nanotube, leading to controlled water transport.
Shell model extension to the valence force field: application to single-layer black phosphorus
Authors: Hackney Nicholas W. , Tristant Damien , Cupo Andrew , Daniels Colin , Meunier Vincent
Published: November 2018

We propose an extension of the traditional valence force field model to allow for the effect of electronic polarization to be included in the inter-atomic potential.
Excellent benzocoumarin-based ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for H2O2 detection
Authors: Hao Xue-Li , Guo Zi-Jing , Zhang Chun , Ren Ai-Min
Published: November 2018

By analyzing the effect of benzene-fused position on a compound's optical properties, an excellent benzocoumarin-based two-photon fluorescent probe for H2O2 detection was fabricated.
Defect-rich and ultrathin N doped carbon nanosheets as advanced trifunctional metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR, OER and HER
Authors: Jiang Hao , Gu Jinxing , Zheng Xusheng , Liu Min , Qiu Xiaoqing , Wang Liangbing , Li Wenzhang , Chen Zhongfang , Ji Xiaobo , Li Jie
Published: November 2018

Defect-rich and ultrathin N doped carbon nanosheets exhibited low overpotentials and robust stability for simultaneous ORR, OER and HER.
Effects of geochemical conditions, surface modification, and arsenic (As) loadings on As release from As-loaded nano zero-valent iron in simulated groundwater
Authors: Yu Zhigang , Huang Junyi , Hu Liming , Zhang Weilan , Lo Irene M. C.
Published: November 2018

This manuscript makes a significant research impact regarding the fate of As-loaded nZVI particles under different geochemical conditions of groundwater downstream.
Storage time dependent photodissociation action spectroscopy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations in the cryogenic electrostatic storage ring DESIREE
Authors: Stockett Mark H. , Björkhage Mikael , Cederquist Henrik , Schmidt Henning T. , Zettergren Henning
Published: November 2018

The intrinsic absorption profile and radiative cooling rate of coronene cations are reported.
A lung/liver-on-a-chip platform for acute and chronic toxicity studies
Authors: Bovard David , Sandoz Antonin , Luettich Karsta , Frentzel Stefan , Iskandar Anita , Marescotti Diego , Trivedi Keyur , Guedj Emmanuel , Dutertre Quentin , Peitsch Manuel C. , Hoeng Julia
Published: November 2018

A lung/liver-on-a-chip platform with metabolic capability over 28 days: a fit-for-purpose microfluidic system for toxicity assessment of pulmonary toxicants.
Semi-quantitative design of black phosphorous field-effect transistor sensors for heavy metal ion detection in aqueous media
Authors: Chang Jingbo , Pu Haihui , Wells Spencer A. , Shi Keying , Guo Xiaoru , Zhou Guihua , Sui Xiaoyu , Ren Ren , Mao Shun , Chen Yantao , Hersam Mark C. , Chen Junhong
Published: November 2018

A statistical thermodynamics model was developed to illuminate sensing mechanisms and guide design of field-effect transistor sensors using 2D nanomaterials.
Sticky ends in a self-assembling ABA triblock copolymer: the role of ureas in stimuli-responsive hydrogels
Authors: Shafranek Ryan T. , Leger Joel D. , Zhang Song , Khalil Munira , Gu Xiaodan , Nelson Alshakim
Published: November 2018

Directed self-assembly in polymeric hydrogels allows tunability of thermal response and viscoelastic properties.
Algae–mussel-inspired hydrogel composite glue for underwater bonding
Authors: Cholewinski Aleksander , Yang Fut (Kuo) , Zhao Boxin
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate a new approach to formulate mussel-inspired underwater adhesives, without requiring chemical conjugation of adhesive functionality to polymer.
Enabling the electrocatalytic fixation of N2 to NH3 by C-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under ambient conditions
Authors: Jia Kun , Wang Yuan , Pan Qi , Zhong Benhe , Luo Yonglan , Cui Guanwei , Guo Xiaodong , Sun Xuping
Published: November 2018

C-TiO2 is efficient for electrochemical N2 fixation to NH3 in 0.1 M Na2SO4, achieving a faradaic efficiency of 1.84% with an NH3 yield of 16.22 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at a potential of −0.7 V vs RHE.
Detection of microRNA biomarkers via inhibition of DNA-mediated liposome fusion
Authors: Jumeaux Coline , Kim Eunjung , Howes Philip D. , Kim Hyemin , Chandrawati Rona , Stevens Molly M.
Published: November 2018

We report the specific and sensitive detection of microRNA using an inverse DNA-mediated liposome fusion assay.
Designing a mononuclear DyIII single-molecule magnet (SMM) by using a N,O,N,O-based multichelating Schiff base ligand and a β-diketonate ligand
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Mo Wenjiao , Yin Bing , Lü Xingqiang , Zhang Jiangwei
Published: November 2018

Two mononuclear LnIII compounds, in which each LnIII is eight-coordinated, namely [Ln(L)(tmpd)] (Ln = Dy (1) or Er (2)), have been prepared using a multichelating Schiff base ligand (H2L) and a bidentate chelating β-diketonate ligand (tmpd).
Hydrous nickel sulphide nanoparticle decorated 3D graphene foam electrodes for enhanced supercapacitive performance of an asymmetric device
Authors: Patil Umakant M. , Katkar Pranav K. , Marje Supriya J. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Jun Seong C.
Published: November 2018

Hydrous nickel sulphide is successfully synthesized on graphene foam (Ni9S8/GF) using a facile chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for supercapacitor application.
Chemical modification of vertically aligned graphene standing on SiC microspheres for selective oxidation
Authors: Ma Jun , Fei Yiwei , Hu Jianqiang , Wu Nan , Sun Shian , Xie Feng , Li Gongyi , Li Xiaodong , Wang Yuelun
Published: November 2018

Vertically aligned nitrogen doped graphene standing on SiC microspheres is found to be an effective carbocatalyst towards C–C bond activation reactions.
Superelectrophilic activation of 1-nitronaphthalene in the presence of aluminum chloride. Reactions with benzene and cyclohexane
Authors: Zhu Zhongwei , Genaev Alexander M. , Salnikov George E. , Koltunov Konstantin Yu.
Published: November 2018

Aluminum chloride was successfully used instead of liquid superacids to mediate selective reactions of 1-nitronaphthalene with benzene and cyclohexane.
Silyl radical initiated radical cascade addition/cyclization: synthesis of silyl functionalized 4H-pyrido[4,3,2-gh]phenanthridin-5(6H)-ones
Authors: Zhang Chen , Pi Junxia , Wang Lei , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: November 2018

A cyclization cascade initiated by the addition of a silyl radical to an electron-deficient carbon–carbon double bond of N-arylacrylamides, followed by intramolecular cyano group insertion and homolytic aromatic substitution has been reported.
Atom-economical selenation of electron-rich arenes and phosphonates with molecular oxygen at room temperature
Authors: Bhunia Samir Kumar , Das Pritha , Jana Ranjan
Published: November 2018

An environmentally benign selenation of electron-rich arenes and phosphonates is developed adopting a novel recycle–reuse–reduce strategy for selenol by oxygen.
Synthesis and crystallization behavior of regioregular-block-regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymers
Authors: Kim Jin-Seong , Choi Jee-Eun , Park Hyeonjung , Kim Youngkwon , Kim Hyeong Jun , Han Junghun , Shin Jae Man , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: November 2018

Regioregular–regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymers, synthesized by chain-transfer polycondensation, show strong crystallinity due to their one-sided distribution of regiodefects.
Anion–π and anion–π-radical interactions in bis(triphenylphosphonium)-naphthalene diimide salts
Authors: Ng Chee Koon , Tam Teck Lip Dexter , Wei Fengxia , Lu Xuefeng , Wu Jishan
Published: November 2018

Anion–π-radical interaction plays a key role in photophysical and magnetic properties.
Recent advances in the preparation of zeolites for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel engines
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wu Qinming , Meng Xiangju , Müller Ulrich , Feyen Mathias , Dai Daniel , Maurer Stefan , McGuire Robert , Moini Ahmad , Parvulescu Andrei-Nicolae , Zhang Weiping , Shi Chuan , Yokoi Toshiyuki , Pan Xiulian , Bao Xinhe , Gies Hermann , Marler Bernd , De Vos Dirk E. , Kolb Ute , Xiao Feng-Shou
Published: November 2018

Metal-exchanged zeolites with small pore sizes have attracted much attention in recent years due to their application in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx in diesel engines.
Enhanced photo-assisted ethanol electro-oxidation activity by using broadband visible light absorption of a graphitic C3N4/BiOI carrier
Authors: Hu Jiayue , Zhai Chunyang , Gao Haifeng , Zeng Lixi , Du Yukou , Zhu Mingshan
Published: November 2018

A 2D/2D g-C3N4/BiOI heterojunction was used as a broad light harvesting support for the enhancement (16.9 times) of ethanol electro-oxidation under visible light irradiation.
Hydrogen production from the thermochemical conversion of biomass: issues and challenges
Authors: Dou Binlin , Zhang Hua , Song Yongchen , Zhao Longfei , Jiang Bo , He Mingxing , Ruan Chenjie , Chen Haisheng , Xu Yujie
Published: November 2018

Hydrogen production from thermochemical conversion has been considered the most promising technology for the use of biomass, and some novel methods are also being developed for low cost and high efficiency.
Catalytic decomposition of hydrous hydrazine for hydrogen production
Authors: Cheng Yongxi , Wu Xuan , Xu Haolan
Published: November 2018

Highly efficient nanocatalysts which can selectively decompose hydrous hydrazine for hydrogen production are introduced.
Tailoring a dynamic crystalline process during the conversion of lead-halide perovskite layer to achieve high performance solar cells
Authors: Sun Mengjie , Liang Chunjun , Zhang Huimin , Ji Chao , Sun Fulin , You Fangtian , Jing Xiping , He Zhiqun
Published: November 2018

A small fraction of DMSO additive in the second-step precursor is able to tune the intercalation and the nucleation, leading to a fine control of grain size and PbI2residue and improved device efficiency.
An in situ generated amorphous CoFePi and crystalline Ni(PO3)2 heterojunction as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution
Authors: Liu Dong-Cheng , Cao Li-Ming , Luo Zhi-Mei , Zhong Di-Chang , Tan Jing-Bo , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: November 2018

Engineering efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an essential part of electrochemical water splitting.
Low lattice thermal conductivity and promising thermoelectric figure of merit of Zintl type TlInTe2
Authors: Ding Guangqian , He Junjie , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Xiaotian , Li Shuo
Published: November 2018

Thallium compounds as promising bulk thermoelectric materials.
Realizing significant dielectric dispersion of composites based on highly conducting silver-coated glass microspheres for wide-band non-magnetic microwave absorbers
Authors: Ren Ke , Wang Yilong , Ye Cuifang , Du Zuokai , Bian Juan , Long Chang , Zhao Suling , Li Wei , Guan Jianguo
Published: November 2018

Dielectric MAMs based on significant microwave dielectric dispersion and quarter-wavelength resonance exhibit an absorption bandwidth of at least 11.8 GHz for A reflection loss ≤−8.0 dB.
ABCG2: does resolving its structure elucidate the mechanism?
Authors: Kapoor Parth , Horsey Aaron J. , Cox Megan H. , Kerr Ian D.
Published: November 2018

ABCG2 is one of a few human membrane transporters which display the amazing ability to transport multiple different chemicals out of cells. These multidrug pumps, which have orthologues in all organisms, are important in humans in the context of drug pharmacokinetics, especially with respect to resistance to chemotherapy. In 2016, we presented a mini-review on ABCG2 which identified many areas of exciting research progress as well as many areas of frustrating ignorance. Just 2 years on the field has advanced, particularly with respect to structural biology as the cryo-electron microscopy revolution has brought us new insights into the structure and mechanism of ABCG2. In this update, we evaluate the degree to which new data have enhanced our understanding of the structure and mechanism of ABCG2 and whether we are now in a position to translate some of these findings into inhibitor design and development.
Frequency estimation algorithm without reconstruction based on MWC CS structure
Authors: Chen Tao , Wang Sichao , Huang Xiangsong
Published: November 2018

A carrier frequency estimation algorithm for the real signal based on the modulated wideband converter compressed sampling (CS) wideband digital receiver without signal reconstruction is proposed. First, the weighted coefficients matrix can be obtained by mixing function in the receiver. Then, between every two branches of the CS receiver, the results of CS signals multiplied by the inverse of their corresponding weighted coefficients sub‐matrix are all equal. According to the equivalent relationship above, the weighted coefficients sub‐matrix corresponding received signal can be searched in a weighted coefficients matrix. In addition, the weighted coefficients sub‐matrix corresponding received signal includes the information of signal‐band index which represents the frequency support. Finally, the carrier frequency estimation of the received signal can be obtained by signal‐band index and frequency estimation of CS signals. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Triple‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter based on cross‐shaped substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: Chen Chang , Ji Qin
Published: November 2018

A novel dual‐band bandpass filter based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) which is realised with mode distribution of the special cross‐shaped structure is presented in this Letter. In the cross‐shaped SIW, there are six symmetrically stimulated resonant modes in the first eight higher order resonant modes that are perturbed to achieve dual‐band responses, and each passband contains triple‐mode. By introducing 45° rotated cross via‐holes at the centre position of the structure, the two lower symmetrical resonant modes are closer to the unaffected asymmetrical higher resonant mode in both passbands. Compared with existing multimode multi‐band filters which are achieved by coupling or cascading mechanism, the presented filter design based on single cross‐shaped SIW is simple and easy for implementation. A prototype dual‐band filter operating at 8.23 and 11.48 GHz with 3 dB fractional bandwidths of 7.1 and 12.1% is designed and fabricated. Measured and simulated results are presented to validate the predicted performances of the proposed filter.
Electroless silver plating of 3D printed waveguide components by peristaltic pump driven system
Authors: Bal A. , Carey D.G. , Espinal F.A. , Huff G.H.
Published: November 2018

V‐band waveguide components operating in 57–64 GHz ISM band is presented. Consumer‐grade stereolithographic 3D printer is used to print these waveguide components with black‐pigmented acrylate‐based polymer. Electroless deposition of silver on these microwave components is achieved using an in‐house system assembled with off‐the‐shelf components. This system is driven by a peristaltic pump, circling plating solution between silver bath and waveguide. Metal plated WR‐15, 2‐inch waveguide section offers average insertion coefficient of −0.35 dB. Trough waveguide section connected to rectangular waveguide through rectangular to trough waveguide transition is metal plated and offers average insertion coefficient of −1 dB. Silver deposited using the pump operated system offers potential of achieving comparable results as conventional dip coating technique.
Compact SIW cavity slot antenna with enhanced bandwidth and quasi‐elliptic filtering response
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong , Wong Sai‐Wai
Published: November 2018

A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity slot antenna with enhanced bandwidth and quasi‐elliptic filtering response is proposed. Served as radiating elements, two slots are etched on the top plane of a square SIW cavity. Quality factors of two original modes are greatly reduced and a new resonant mode is introduced by etching an additional slot on the bottom plane. By merging these three modes within a single passband, the bandwidth can be enhanced. In addition, a radiation null is generated in the lower and upper stopband, respectively. Therefore, a quasi‐elliptic filtering response is achieved with three resonant modes in the passband and two radiation nulls in the stopband. A fabricated prototype with the size of 0.48λ0 × 0.48λ0 × 0.02λ0 has been measured. The measured 10 dB bandwidth is 11.5% (3.28–3.68 GHz). The measured efficiency is about 77% in the passband but it sharply drops to 5.6% at 3.26 GHz and 10.5% at 3.76 GHz.