bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PNPM MANDIRI DI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Ermayanti Ermayanti , Hendrawati Hendrawati , Zamzami Lucky
Published: June 2018

This research article was conducted in the village of Sungai Beringin, Payakumbuh District, 50 Kota Regency. This regency is one of the best in West Sumatra, in the implementation of PNPM-MPd, especially in the village of Sungai Beringin. Achievements were obtained from this village is the improvement of the capacity of the community in physical and economic developing, women activities and helped the community to access the entire potential in the village of Sungai Beringin for realizing independent and prosperity of the community.  This research used a qualitative approach, as a case of study with research focused to community participation into PNPM MPd levels, which these phenomena specifically attention about time, place and condition has happened in the village of Sungai Beringin. A result of the research shows that factors which influenced community participation can say still low. Planning of development participation is consistent and seriously from another side in PNPM MPd implementation, which consists of training of community empowerment, especially poverty community, internal factors which influenced are age, status, gender, jobs, and education. External factors also influenced all of the form and community participation level in meeting and discussion active in the meeting.
Oncology services in Colombia
Authors: Murcia Monroy Eliana Marcela , Aguilera Jairo , Wiesner Carolina , Pardo Constanza
Published: June 2018

Objective: Characterize the current situation of the supply of oncological services in Colombia.Methods: A descriptive analysis of the oncology services for cancer care in adult and child population, which met the requirements for its operation according to the Special Registry of Health Service Providers. The ratio of cases per provider was calculated from the estimated cancer incidence Colombia by the National Cancer Institute.Results: A total of 1,780 oncology health services authorized in the country related to specialties for the care of cancer patients. About 50% of the supply is concentrated in Bogota, Antioquia and Valle del Cauca. The departments of Putumayo and Amazonas group, with the exception of Vaupés did not recorded cancer services. 87.8% oncology health services were offered by health institutions and 12.2% were provided by independent professionals. 66.7% of oncology health services were clinical consult services, 17.4% were related to support for diagnosis and therapeutic supplementation and 15.9% related to surgical services. 87.9% of the supply of oncological services in Colombia is in the private sector.Conclusions: The relationship between the groups of services is asymmetric, with few providers that jointly supply the basic services of oncological treatment, which reflects the fragmentation in the provision. It is necessary to redefine the concept of oncological service under the comprehensive care approach and the importance of enabling functional units, comprehensive treatment centers and other forms of care.
Public health and epidemiology of cancer in Colombia
Authors: Weisner Carolina
Published: June 2018

Conocer la epidemiologia del cáncer ha sido un reto relativamente reciente para los sistemas de salud de los países de medianos y bajos recursos, por cuanto los perfiles patológicos predominantes, hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX, habían sido las enfermedades agudas o transmisibles y por tanto no se daba una suficiente visibilidad al cáncer1. La epidemiologia de las enfermedades trasmisibles requiere de un enfoque epidemiológico especifico, con información  casi que en tiempo real, o máximo hasta un año; igualmente requiere de información basada en la clasificación del agente causal, con el objetivo primordial, de controlar los brotes epidémicos2. En contraste, la vigilancia epidemiológica del cáncer tiene como objetivos: monitorear el comportamiento de los diferentes factores de riesgo, estimar el riesgo poblacional de desarrollar la enfermedad, -en un área y en un tiempo delimitados-, así como  medir el impacto de las intervenciones mediante el análisis de la supervivencia y la mortalidad2. Dado que modificar la incidencia o la mortalidad por cáncer requiere de intervenciones que implican mínimo cinco años,  la generación de información en cáncer se realiza en general de manera quinquenal.
Peran KPID Jawa Barat dalam Pelaksanaan Sosialisasi Literasi Media Menggunakan Media Sosial
Authors: Supratman Lucy Pujasari
Published: June 2018

West Java is the province with the largest number of local television. The existence of broadcasting institutions should be submitted to the public by KPID West Java to fulfill the public's right. The media literacy socialization using Twitter to West Java people is done to to strengthen the existence of broadcasting institutions. The author uses a case study research method. The author has made a direct observation and recording systematically on the socialization of media literacy, the process of field observation during socialization, the programs undertaken to encourage media literacy movement during the research conducted the whole program which distributed to the community in KPID West Java Twitter. The function of Twitter's is to realize the media literacy program by aligning communication, transparency, KPID West Java activities information that have the ultimate goal to strengthen the public relations of viewers / listeners with KPID West Java. Keywords: KPID West Java, Media Literacy, Twitter
LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA COMPETITIVIDAD DE LA MICROEMPRESA DEL SECTOR DE MUEBLES DE MADERA DEL CANTÓN CUENCA EN LA PROVINCIA DEL AZUAY
Authors: Cordero Diego Marcelo , Bermeo Pazmiño Vanessa Katina
Published: June 2018

En el presente trabajo se realiza el análisis  del proceso de comercialización en la competitividad de  la microempresa del sector de fabricación de muebles de madera del cantón Cuenca en la provincia del Azuay en la República del Ecuador. Para ello, se propone el modelo de análisis de competitividad, el mismo que está formado por cuatro constructos o variables. La primera variable  denominada “Merc_Ventas”, se relaciona con las técnicas de mercadeo y ventas, se compone de diez indicadores, entre los que se encuentran: plan de mercadeo, mercado objetivo, segmentos de mercado, cuotas de venta, información de la competencia entre otros. La segunda variable denominada “Servicios”, con sus tres indicadores: responsabilidad del servicio, nivel de satisfacción del cliente y catálogos de servicios. La tercera variable nominada “Distribución”, con sus tres indicadores: fuerza de ventas, sistemas de distribución y estructura de vendedores.   Y la cuarta variable que mide el nivel de competitividad alcanzado. El trabajo inicia con el análisis de la literatura, de donde surgen las preguntas de  investigación; luego se plantean las hipótesis a ser demostradas, se continúa con la validación y comprobación del modelo a través de ecuaciones estructurales; al  final se analizan los resultados, las conclusiones y futuras investigaciones.

Palabras clave: Mercadeo y ventas, servicios, distribución, competitividad.

ABSTRACT

The present article analyzes the commercialization process on the competitiveness of the micro firms of the wood furniture manufacturing sector at canton Cuenca in the province of Azuay in the Republic of Ecuador. To this end, the analysis of a competitiveness model is proposed, the same one that is formed by four constructs or variables. The first variable called "Merc_Ventas", is related to marketing and sales techniques, is composed of ten indicators, among them are: marketing plan, target market, market segments, sales quotas, competition information among others. The second variable called "Services", has three indicators: service responsibility, level of customer satisfaction and service catalogs. The third variable named "Distribution", has three indicators: sales force, distribution systems and vendor structure. And the last variable that measures the level of competitiveness achieved. The article begins with the analysis of the literature, from where the research questions are established; then the hypotheses to be demonstrated, the validation and verification of the model continues through structural equations; at the end, the results, conclusions and future researches are analyzed.
LA ÉTICA EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN EDUCATIVA
Authors: Paz Maldonado Eddy Javier
Published: June 2018

La ética en la investigación educativa constituye un factor fundamental que debe ser considerado para la realización de estudios que incluyan la participación de diversos sujetos. Los investigadores deben enfrentarse a escenarios complejos y cumplir con una serie de pautas nacionales e internacionales que tienen como propósito respetar los derechos de las personas que se someten al proceso de investigación en el ámbito educativo. Por esta razón, existen los instrumentos internacionales y tienen como elementos primordiales los principios éticos que incluyen consideraciones sobre la persona, para impedir que sea un simple objeto estudiado. Sin embargo, en la actividad indagativa se presentan diferentes problemas éticos que están relacionados con los participantes, el incorrecto uso de la investigación, el investigador, el plagio y la utilización de datos falsos. En relación al acto ético en la investigación educativa, los educadores han de efectuar responsablemente sus estudios sin perjudicar a ningún ser humano. El objetivo de este trabajo de revisión bibliográfica, es describir la importancia de la ética en la investigación educativa.  

Palabras clave: ética de la investigación, investigación educativa, principios éticos.

ABSTRACT

Ethics in educational research is a fundamental factor that should be considered for the realization ofstudies that include the participation of diverse subjects. Researchers must face complex scenarios andcomplete it with a series of national and international guidelines that are intended to respect the rightsof people who undergo the research process specifically in the field of education. For this reason, thereare international instruments and their main elements are ethical principles that include considerationsabout the person, to prevent it from being a simple object studied. However, in the inquiry activity thereare different ethical problems that are related to the participants, the incorrect use of the research, theresearcher, the plagiarism and the use of false data. In relation to the ethical act in educational research,educators must responsibly conduct their studies without harming any human being. The results affirmthat the ethics applied to the research in education provides to the investigators theoretical,methodological and normative foundations on the moral to achieve the development of the inquiringprocess in a coherent way. The objective of this work of bibliographical review is to describe theimportance of the ethics in educational research.
Regeneración y Estabilización de la playa de San Lorenzo del cantón Salinas, provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Guerrero Herrera Humberto , Saltos Sánchez Armando , Vargas Jiménez Julio
Published: June 2018

Una solución adecuada para la recuperación de una playa, es regenerarla mediante un Relleno Hidráulico; en el caso de la playa de San Lorenzo (Salinas, provincia de Santa Elena), se propone el uso de una Draga de Succión en Marcha de 1500m3, para la extracción de sedimento arenoso entre 1.3 a 1.6 millas náuticas mar afuera, posteriormente ubicarlo en la playa mediante bombeo de sedimentos, empleando tuberías flotantes (mar) y terrestres. La arena vertida será confinada con una geoestructura (geoducto), ubicada paralela a la playa en los veriles de los 2 y 3 al promedio de las mareas más bajas de sicigia (Mean Low Water Spring - MLWS). La altura máxima de relleno estará comprendida entre las cotas 4.3, 4.5, 4.8 y 4.6 metros al MLWS; lo que hará que la superficie de la berma de la playa este lejos del alcance del mar, aún en condiciones de aguaje. Está previsto que la playa de San Lorenzo tendrá una zona intermareal de 90 m y una duna horizontal de 30 m a las cotas antes indicadas, generando una playa de 50 m siempre fuera de la acción del mar. Longitudinalmente, desarrolla alrededor de 1500 m entre el Yacht Club y el enrocado de San Lorenzo, confinada entre el paramento del Malecón en un ancho de 121 m de geotubos longitudinales, con geospigones perpendiculares a esta alineación.

ABSTRACT

An adequate solution for beach recuperation is the regeneration through hydraulic fill. In the case of San Lorenzo Beach (Salinas, Santa Elena province) we propose to use a sand dredger to extract about 1500 cubic meters of sand from 1.3 to 1.6 nautical miles in open sea. The sandy sediment will be pumped thru floating ducts and placed on the beach confining the sand in geo ducts which will be placed along contour 2,3 according to the syzygy (Mean Low Water Spring MLWS) average. The maximum elevation above MLWS of the fill will include 4.3, 4.5, 4.8 y 4.6m meters which will be above flooding levels. It is anticipated that the beach will have an intertidal zone of 90 meters and a 30 meters horizontal dune at the levels indicated above generating a beach 50 meters long above the tidal wave. This project will be longitudinally about 1500 meters between the Yacht Club and the San Lorenzo Sea Wall that is confined between the front wall of the boardwalk with a width of 121 meters of longitudinal Geotubes protected with Geostakes perpendicular to this alignment.
Estudio de emisiones contaminantes utilizando mezcla de gasolina e hidrógeno como combustible en un motor de combustión interna a 2800 M.S.N.M.
Authors: Reyes Guillermo , Iñiguez Izquierdo Juan , Pupiales William , Soria Cristian , Yépez José
Published: June 2018

En la actualidad la industria automotriz busca nuevas tecnologías para mejorar los vehículos con respecto a sus emisiones contaminantes, aquello con el propósito de mejorar la calidad del aire y evitar la producción de gases perjudiciales para el medio ambiente a nivel mundial. Las prestaciones de un generador de hidrógeno automotriz fueron analizadas de forma comparativa, mediante el sistema estándar de inyección de combustible tipo gasolina y el mismo sistema estándar de inyección con 139ml de H₂ por minuto a través del múltiple de admisión, con 1 atm de presión. Se realizaron pruebas de emisiones contaminantes bajo la norma Técnica Ecuatoriana INEN 2-203 y 2-204. Los valores que arrojaron las pruebas realizadas de las emisiones de gases contaminantes, el monóxido de carbono presenta una disminución del 23% de su contaminación normal a 2500 rpm a 2800m.s.n.m.

ABSTRACT

The automotive industry is currently looking for new technologies to improve vehicles with respect to their pollutant emissions, with the aim of improving air quality and avoiding the production of harmful gases for the environment worldwide. The performance of an automotive hydrogen generator was analyzed in a comparative way using the standard gasoline fuel injection system and the same standard injection system with 139 ml H₂ per minute through the intake manifold at 1 atm pressure. In this research the dynamometer was tested by means of DIN 70020 for torque - power and the pollutant emissions were tested under the local Technical Norm INEN 2-203 and 2-204. The values of the tests performed on the dynamometer with the presence of hydrogen indicated a power increase of 9.38% over the values of its nominal power. For emissions of pollutant gases, carbon monoxide shows a 23% decrease of its normal pollution at 2500 rpm.
Empleo de simulaciones dinámicas en matlab como parte del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas con aplicación al cálculo diferencial e integral.
Authors: Lema Carrera Miguel
Published: June 2018

La matemática en todos los tiempos ha tenido como principal fuente de inspiración la visualización, jugando un papel importante en el desarrollo de conceptos, nociones e ideas básicas del cálculo diferencial e integral. El presente trabajo proporciona herramientas y métodos básicos de uso relativamente sencillo, desarrollados en el paquete computacional MATLAB, trabajando temas como la definición geométrica de derivada, la integral definida y cálculo de volúmenes de revolución utilizando el método de discos, que permite obtener resultados muy poderosos en simulaciones dinámicas “animadas” que sirvan de soporte y recurso didáctico facilitador en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del cálculo. Modificando y renovando en una primera instancia la forma tradicional de enseñanza de esta asignatura en los primeros años del ciclo básico universitario en esta institución y porque no del país, además, se espera que este trabajo, permita desterrar el paradigma entorno a la comunidad estudiantil, que ha relacionado al cálculo matemático con una idea pura y completamente algebraizada, estática y memorística.

ABSTRACT

The mathematics of all time has had as the main source of inspiration the visualization, playing an important role in the development of concepts, notions and basic ideas of the differential and integral calculus. The present work provides tools and basic methods of use relatively simple, developed in the computational package Matlab, working topics such as the geometric definition of derivative, the definite integral and calculation of volumes of revolution using the disk method, which allows to obtain very powerful results in "animated" dynamic simulations that serve as support and facilitating didactic resource in the teaching-learning process of calculus. Modifying and renewing in the first instance the traditional way of teaching this subject in the first years of the basic university cycle in this institution and why not in the country, in addition, it is expected that this work, to banish the paradigm around the student community, that has related to the calculus with a pure and completely algebraic, static and rote idea.
Efecto de la aplicación de Bacillus thuringiensis en el control del gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) del híbrido de Maíz (Zea mays) INIAP H-551 en la comuna Río Verde provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Drouet Candell Andres
Published: June 2018

El maíz es uno de los principales cultivos que se siembra en el litoral ecuatoriano, atacado fundamentalmente por  Spodoptera frugiperda.  Por lo que esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) en el control del gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda) del híbrido de maíz (Zea mays) INIAP H-551 en la comuna Río Verde provincia de Santa Elena. Se realizó una investigación aplicada y experimental, en la que se estudiaron dos variables: el efecto del BT sobre el cogollero y la población del cogollero en el cultivo de maíz. Se establecieron siete tratamientos, con cinco dosis diferentes de BT, las dosis fueron comparadas con dos tratamientos, uno químico y el tratamiento testigo. Se demostró que el testigo absoluto fue el tratamiento más atacado y que las aplicaciones de BT  y de cipermetrina no permitieron que se llegara al umbral de daño económico del cultivo. Se recomienda emplear el BT como una alternativa tecnológica limpia para el control del gusano cogollero, con el fin de disminuir la contaminación de los suelos y las aguas, así como evitar que se introduzcan sustancias nocivas en la cadena alimenticia.

ABSTRACT

Corn is a major crop that is planted in the Ecuadorian coastline, primarily attacked by Spodoptera frugiperda. So, this research aims to evaluate the effect of the application of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) in controlling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) of hybrid corn (Zea mays) INIAP H-551 in Rio Verde commune province of Santa Elena. An applied and experimental research was conducted in which two variables were studied: the effect on BT armyworm and fall armyworm population in maize. Seven treatments were established with five different doses of BT, doses were compared with two treatments, one chemical and the control treatment. It was demonstrated that the absolute control was the most targeted treatment and applications of BT and cypermethrin did not allow it reached the threshold of economic damage to the crop. It is recommended to use BT technology as a clean alternative for armyworm control in order to reduce contamination of soil and water, as well as prevent harmful substances entering the food chain.
Practical Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Terminal Alkenes via Reductive Heck Coupling
Authors: Gurak John A. , Engle Keary M.
Published: June 2018

The hydroarylation of alkenes is an attractive approach to construct carbon–carbon (C–C) bonds from abundant and structurally diverse starting materials. Herein we report a palladium-catalyzed reductive Heck hydroarylation of unactivated and heteroatom-substituted terminal alkenes with an array of (hetero)aryl iodides. The reaction is anti-Markovnikov selective and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups on both the alkene and (hetero)aryl coupling partners. Additionally, applications of this method to complex molecule diversifications were demonstrated. Deuterium-labeling experiments are consistent with a mechanism in which the key alkylpalladium(II) intermediate is intercepted with formate and undergoes a decarboxylation/C–H reductive elimination cascade to afford the saturated product and turn over the cycle.
HIV Universal Vaccine
Authors: Malecki Marek , Saetre Bianka
Published: June 2018

Background: For many deadly viruses, there are no preventive and / or therapeutic vaccines approved by health authorities World-wide (e.g., HIV, Ebola, Dengue, and many others). Although, for some viruses, prophylactic vaccines are very effective (e.g., HBV, Polio, Rota, and many others). In this realm, we design, manufacture, test, and streamline into the clinics novel viral universal vaccines (VUV). VUV have such unique features, that medical vaccination or natural infection induced immunity against some viruses (e.g., HBV) in patients, who became infected with other viruses (e.g., HIV), upon the VUV’s administration, is redirected against these other, newly infecting viruses (e.g., HIV). Specific Aim: The specific aim of this work was biomolecular engineering of the HIV universal vaccine (HIVUV) comprising the two main functional domains: CD4 or anti-gp120 - as the HIV tagging domain and HBsAg - as the immune response eliciting domain, so that upon its administration the HBV medical immunization or natural infection induced immunity would be redirected, accelerated, and amplified to fight the HIV infection. Healthy Donors and Patients: Per the Institutional Review Board approval and in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, all healthy donors and patients were presented with the Patients’ Bill of Rights and provided Patient Informed Consent. All the procedures were pursued by the licensed medical doctors. Methods & Results: We have biomolecularly engineered HIV universal vaccine (HIVUV) comprising human CD4 or anti-gp120 and HBsAg of HBV. By immunoblotting and magnetic activated molecular sorting, we have demonstrated high specificity of this vaccine in binding HIV. By flow cytometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, we have demonstrated high efficacy of these vaccines to engage HBV immunized patients’ immune system to work against HIV. Administration of HIVUV to blood or lymph of the HIV+ patients resulted in rapid reduction of the HIV viremia down to undetectable. It also resulted in protection of populations of CD4+ cells against HIV caused decline. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the proof of concept for high efficacy of VUV, specifically HIVUV, in annihilating HIV. Nevertheless, the same compositions, processes, and methods, for persons skilled in biotechnology, pharmacogenomics, and molecular medicine, are adaptable for other deadly viral infections, which we vigorously pursue.
A Secure and Efficient kNN Classification Algorithm using Encrypted Index Search and Yao’s Garbled Circuit over Encrypted Databases
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Jin , Shin Jae-Hwan , Chang Jae-Woo
Published: June 2018

Database outsourcing has been popular according to the development of cloud computing. Databases need to be encrypted before being outsourced to the cloud so that they can be protected from adversaries. However, the existing kNN classification scheme over encrypted databases in the cloud suffers from high computation overhead. So we proposed a secure and efficient kNN classification algorithm using encrypted index search and Yao’s garbled circuit over encrypted databases. Our algorithm can preserve data privacy, query privacy, and data access pattern. We show that our algorithm achieves about 17 times better performance on classification time than the existing scheme, while preserving high security level.
Energy-Efficient 4T-based SRAM Bitcell for Ultra-Low-Voltage Operations in 28nm 3D CoolCubeTM Technology
Authors: Boumchedda Reda , Noel Jean-Philippe , Giraud Bastien , Makosiej Adam , Rios Marco Antonio , Esmanhotto Eduardo , Bourde-Cicé Emilien , Bellet Mathis , Turgis David , Beigne Edith
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a 4T-based SRAM bitcell optimized both for write and read operations at ultra-low voltage (ULV). The proposed bitcell is designed to respond to the requirements of energy constrained systems, as in the case of most of the
IoT-oriented circuits and applications. The use of 3D CoolCubeTM technology enables the design of a stable 4T SRAM bitcell by using data-dependent back biasing. The proposed bitcell architecture provides a major reduction of the write operation energy consumption compared to a conventional 6T bitcell. A dedicated read port coupled to a virtual GND (VGND) ensures a full functionality at ULV of read operations. Simulation results show reliable operations down to 0.35 V close to six sigma (6 σ) without any assist techniques (e.g. negative bitlines), achieving in worst case corner 300 ns and 125 ns in write and read access time, respectively. A 6x energy consumption reduction compared to a ULV ultra-low-leakage (ULL) 6T bitcell is demonstrated.
Psychological Boundaries and Psychological Bridges: A Categorisation and the Application of Transactional Analysis Concepts
Authors: Hay Julie
Published: June 2018

Prompted by preparation of a presentation at a TA learning event, Part 1 of this paper provides a largely TA-based literature review of references to psychological boundaries, related to a proposed new framework for categorising such boundaries at the person (intrapersonal, personal), people (interpersonal, family, neighbourhood), place (region, country, area, continent) and planet (environment, Earth, Universe). TA concepts seen as relevant for each boundary are described. Comments on practitioner boundaries lead into Part 2, which addresses psychological bridges across boundaries such as created through supervision and frameworks for increasing awareness of unconscious processes.  A critique of the current TA field of application boundaries is included and Part 2 concludes with a model that represents a general bridge to contact.Citation - APA format:Hay, J. (2018). Psychological Boundaries and Psychological Bridges: A Categorisation and the Application of Transactional Analysis Concepts. International Journal of Transactional Analysis Research & Practice, 9(1), 52-81. https://doi.org/10.29044/v9i1p52
Kuluçkalık yumurtalarda bulunan bakteriyel izolatların morfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ALKAN Sezai , ERTÜRK Ömer , TÜRKER İsmail
Published: June 2018

Bu
araştırmada, kuluçkalık yumurtalarda bulunan bakteriyel izolatların morfolojik
özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla damızlık bir işletmeden
temin edilen 1920 adet kuluçkalık yumurtalardan rastgele 35 adet seçilmiştir.
Yumurta örnekleri steril pamuk uçlu swaplarla yüzeylerinden taranarak bakteri
yüklenmesi sağlanmıştır. Morfolojisine ve rengine göre birbirinden farklı olan
koloniler belirlenmiştir. Bakteriyel izolatların biyokimyasal özelliklerinin
belirlenmesinde Vitek® 2 Advanced Colorimetry™ cihazı kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın sonucunda 16 izolatın 15’i tanımlanmış ve 13 farklı bakteri türü
elde edilmiştir. Bakteriyel izolatlardan TB3-1’in % 99 oranında Streptococcus pneumoniae, TB5-1, TB7-1
ve TB16-1’nın % 99 oranında Staphylococcus
xylosus, TB6-1’nın % 99 oranında Micrococcus
luteus ve TB8-1’inin ise % 95 oranında Staphylococcus pseudintermedius bakteri olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
TB9-1’in % 95 oranında Kocuria rosea,
TB10-1’in % 96 oranında Globicatella
sulfidifaciens ve TB1-1’in % 98 oranında Staphylococcus simulans bakteri olduğu belirlenmiştir. TB12-1 ve
TB13-1’in % 98 oranlarında Aerococcus
viridans, TB14-1’in % 98 oranında Staphylococcus
equorum,     TB14-2’inin % 90 oranında Pantoea spp, TB2-1’in % 99 oranında
Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis ve
TB0-1’in % 99 oranında Escherichia
coli bakteri olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde bakterilerin
kaynağı farklı olsa da değişik yollarla yumurtalara bulaştığı görülmektedir. Bu
nedenle yumurtaların kuluçkahaneye girmeden ve gelişim makinelerine
yerleştirilmeden önce etkin bir şekilde dezenfekte edilmelerinin oldukça önemli
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Farklı dozlarda uygulanan selenyumun sorgum bitkisinde tane verimi ve yem kalitesi üzerine etkisi
Authors: Yıldız Dilara , Kaplan Mahmut , Temizgül Rıdvan , Kardeş Yusuf Murat
Published: June 2018

Çalışmanın amacı; farklı selenyum form (selenat ve
selenit) ve dozlarının (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 ve 32 ppm) sorgum bitkisinin tane verim
ve kalitesi üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla Acme broomcorn sorgum çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Kontrollü sera
koşullarında saksılara 12 kg toprak konulmuştur. Tohumlar saksılara 3'er
tekerrürlü olarak her bir saksıya 5'er adet atılmıştır. Daha sonra bitkiler
seyreltilerek tek bir bitki bırakılmıştır. Selenyum suda çözündürülerek ekimle
birlikte verilmiştir. Su tutma kapasitesine göre sulama yapılmış ve selenyumun
yıkanması önlenmiştir. Dekara 20 kg N, 10 kg P2O5 esas
alınarak toprak ve miktarına göre hesaplanarak gübreleme yapılmıştır. Azotun
yarısı ekimle, yarısı bitkiler 7-8 yapraklı olduğu dönemde uygulanmıştır. Hasat
dönemine gelen bitkilerde bitki boyu, bitki çapı, salkım uzunluğu, tane verimi
ile yaprak, salkım ve gövde oranları gibi morfolojik özellikler belirlenmiştir.
Hasat edilen taneler ise 1 mm elek çapına ait değirmende öğütüldükten sonra
kuru madde, ADF, NDF, ham protein, ham yağ ve ham kül özellikleri belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, artan selenat ve selenit dozlarına bağlı olarak
sorgumda bitki boyu, bitki çapı, salkım uzunluğu, tane verimi, yaprak ve salkım
oranlarında azalmalar gözlemlenmiştir. Artan selenyum dozları ile tanede ham
protein, ADF ve NDF oranlarında azalma olmuş, ham yağ oranında artış olmuş, kül
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Forced Displacement and the Plight of Internally Displaced Persons in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Gwadabe Nasa'i Muhammad , Salleh Mohd Afandi , Ahmad Abdullahi Ayoade , Jamil Sobia
Published: June 2018

Since the end of the Cold War, the phenomenon of forced displacement gained more global attention. Forced displacement involves the involuntary movement of people from their habitual place of residence to a location within their country of nationality; or across an internationally recognised border. This situation in most cases exposes the displaced people to some vulnerabilities. Among other classes of displaced people, the most notable groups of concern are refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). In contemporary time, conflict is identified to be the primary cause of forced displacement. Since 2009, the Boko Haram insurgency and the counter-insurgency by the Nigerian security forces turned northeast Nigeria into a conflict zone. The crisis has forced more than 2 million people to flee for safety within Nigeria as internally displaced persons (IDPs); while many crossed the border into countries neighbouring Nigeria from the Lake Chad region as refugees. This paper explored and discussed the suffering of the people internally displaced by Boko Haram conflict from the framework of forced displacement. It is found that, the IDPs in Nigeria suffered from multifaceted problems, ranging from the issues of inadequate life-saving assistance, protection related crisis, and the unclear prospect of achieving durable solutions. Moreover, the lack of a clear national policy, institutional, and legal frameworks in addressing internal displacement in Nigeria is found to be the prime cause of the intensification of the plight of IDPs. Thus, it is recommended that, there should be a legally backed national policy on IDPs, which should include punitive measures for corrupt humanitarian officers. Also, provision should be made for effective coordination among national humanitarian agencies. Lastly, a clear rule of engagement between the Government and the international humanitarian agencies should be clearly defined.
Regulation of Physicians Recommending Medical Marijuana: The Colorado Medical Board Perspective
Authors: Groce Eric
Published: June 2018

Since the legalization of marijuana for medical purposes in 2000, and the subsequent refinement of statutory guidelines for physicians in 2010, the Colorado Medical Board has been very involved in the regulation of physicians who recommend marijuana for medical purposes. As Colorado patients have gained access to medical marijuana via physician recommendation, the need for regulatory oversight of these physicians has evolved.
The Legalization of Marijuana in Colorado: A Prescription for Trouble?
Authors: Gundersen Doris C.
Published: June 2018

Despite many decades of warnings about the safety and effectiveness of marijuana for medical treatment, public policy in recent years has moved steadily towards loosening restrictions on its use. In 2000, a ballot initiative to change Colorado's constitution was passed by 54% of voters in the general election, thereby legalizing marijuana for specific disabling conditions. After the Obama administration indicated in 2009 that medical marijuana prosecution would have a low priority and arrests would not be sought, provided medical marijuana users and providers conformed strictly to state laws, the issuance of cards for the medical use of marijuana in the state increased dramatically. By 2013, the state had changed its laws to allow not just medicinal use of marijuana, but recreational use as well. Since that decision, a variety of public health and safety trends and statistics have been published, raising questions about the long-term impacts of marijuana use in the state on health care, medical regulation and public safety. Medical regulators and policy makers in other states should review data from Colorado as they assess their own states' approaches to marijuana, including carefully balancing physicians' responsibilities to their patients with the need for wise public health and safety decision-making. Three factors are particularly important as regulators develop policy: 1) the impact of liberalized marijuana laws on public health and safety; 2) limitations in the scope and availability of evidence-based research on the efficacy of marijuana; and 3) the wide gulf between federal and state laws and procedures regarding marijuana use. By being cognizant of trends and developments in all three areas, regulators can make better decisions regarding their own policies. In today's rapidly changing marijuana policy environment, medical regulators should encourage their licensees to follow practical steps aimed at ensuring that when medical marijuana prescribing does occur, it is based on established standards of care and adherence to the basic tenets of the patient-physician relationship.
Professional Sexual Misconduct:
Authors: Finlayson A. J. Reid , Brown Kimberly P. , Iannelli Richard J. , Neufeld Ron , Shull Kendall , Marganoff Danielle P. , Martin Peter R.
Published: June 2018

This study examines the use of Psychophysiologic Detection of Deception (Polygraphy) as part of an independent, comprehensive, fitness-for-practice evaluation. It compares the findings for 18 non-randomized polygraph subjects selected from 60 medical professionals referred for assessment between 2007 and 2014 for violating sexual boundaries. Information derived from polygraph examination of fitness-for-practice evaluation subjects was independently rated for seven variables and retrospectively compared with that from subjects who were not polygraphed. Consensus values were used as final ratings associated with each case. In 56% of the 18 polygraphed cases, important new information was uncovered about sexual boundary problems that had not been elicited beforehand by repeated interviews and other standard clinical methods. This rose to 73% among those cases determined to be unfit for practice. Various recommendations were made in each case to improve patient safety and to enhance professionalism through specific education, treatment, support, supervision, monitoring and practice restrictions. Results suggest that the polygraph appears to be a useful component of an independent, comprehensive evaluation for sexual misconduct, as it may provide additional information to better understand what happened and more accurately determine a strategy for possible rehabilitation of the physician.
The Patient's Right to Know
Authors: Malcolmson Don
Published: June 2018

Patient's expectations have changed from being an acceptor of doctors' orders to being an active partner in a therapeutic relationship. In Australia, General Practitioners (GPs) are the “gatekeepers” for specialists' referrals. The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) maintains an online searchable register of doctors. Details displayed include registration conditions, undertakings and reprimands. Doctors who practice privately in Australia are regarded as carrying on a business covered by consumer protection legislation. Australian Consumer Law (ACL) prohibits false or misleading representations in connection with the supply of goods or services. Under the ACL, a GP's conduct is misleading if representations about the specialist are inaccurate, or the overall impression conveyed is likely to mislead the patient. Many patients lack the time, energy or desire to seek out registration details of specialists, and rely on GP advice. A key issue for GPs is knowledge of any specialists' registration conditions: Is there a duty on a referring practitioner to check and advise the patient of any conditions? Is there a duty on the regulating body to advise practitioners of specialists whose registration is restricted? Even though disclosure may cause distress to the practitioner, this does not mean that disclosure would be unfair. Rather, the relevant question is whether there is a legitimate public safety interest in disclosure. A balance should be struck between the rights of the individual practitioners and the public expectation of safety, competency and currency. This paper suggests that consumer laws could be used strike this balance, requiring referring physicians to inform patients about the regulatory status of the physician to whom they are being referred.
The Challenges Facing Medical Regulation Across the Globe
Authors: Dickson Niall
Published: June 2018

In an environment of significant change in health care, the regulation of doctors is under more pressure than at any time in its history. Longstanding models of professional regulation are being challenged from many directions, in recognition that medicine and health care systems are increasingly complex. Reliance on an older, reactive regulatory model that largely responds only when something goes wrong is not sustainable in this new environment. Consumers are becoming better informed, more digitally engaged and more likely to raise concerns about their medical treatment. At the same time, the availability of data about physician performance and medical care is on the rise, and doctors are becoming increasingly mobile and likely to move from one jurisdiction to another. These factors create the need for medical regulators to create an intelligence-led and risk-based system that enables them to be more proactive, seeking to prevent harm before it occurs. The traditional view that all the regulator has to do is register the physician at the start of his or her career, and only intervene when he or she commits some transgression, is being challenged all over the world. A more realistic model is one in which regulators are committed to preventing harm, promoting and defending standards of good practice and seeking ongoing assurance that every physician is competent to practice safely and effectively.
Insightful Practice:
Authors: Murphy Douglas James , Davey Peter , Hothersall Eleanor Jane , Muir Fiona , Bruce David A.
Published: June 2018

Risk from sub-optimal medical practice remains a perennial international problem. While regulatory efforts for improvement have been significant, new thinking and innovation is needed. In an ideal world, professional career paths would be enhanced, supported and successfully maintained from medical school to retirement. Regulatory outcomes would be made resilient to public and professional challenge. Professional development, with quality improvement at its heart, would be maximized, and concerns about medical competency would be highlighted and acted upon at an early stage -- before they become “a fitness to practice” matter. At this early stage, referred to in this paper as the “amber zone,” concerns about an individual's ability to practice medicine competently may emerge, but they are not considered of sufficient severity to warrant a referral to a fitness to practice inquiry by medical regulators. The introduction of a concept called Insightful Practice is one attempt to address the unmet challenge of the amber zone. A surrogate measure of professionalism, Insightful Practice is a method that assesses medical professionals' engagement with the system within which they work and with feedback on their performance for any given work role. In addition and crucially, the method considers medical professionals' insight into what they need to change and their plans for improvement. Potential problems are identified early, increasing the likelihood that remediation measures will be successful. An application using Insightful Practice is described here, examples of its use given, and a discussion is provided of the concept's advantages, limitations and potential to help regulatory authorities and other health care agencies address the challenge for regulatory systems to identify and remediate medical professionals who find themselves in an early amber zone of concern. The application described is based on humans' long understood struggle “to see ourselves as others see us,” and is an attempt to support and channel medical professionals' integrity and drive for improvement in order to protect patients. While the Insightful Practice concept is discussed in this paper in the context of the UK's regulatory system, its principles are applicable to other medical regulatory systems around the world.
Calidad seminal de carneros alimentados con dietas que contienen alfalfa (medicago sativa) contaminada con pseudopeziza medicaginis
Authors: Aragadvay-Yungán R. , Novillo-Rueda M. , Núñez-Torres O. , Rosero-Peñaherrera M. , Lozada-Salcedo E.
Published: June 2018

La alfalfa es una de las leguminosas base en sistemas de alimentación para ovinos, sin embargo, una de las enfermedades recurrentes en este cultivo es la viruela (Pseudopeziza medicaginis), donde existe un incremento de los niveles de fitoestrógenos como mecanismo de defensa. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar la calidad seminal en ovinos alimentados con dietas que contenían alfalfa contaminada con tres niveles de Pseudopezisa medicaginis T1: 10%, T2: 40%, y T3: 70%. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Se evaluó volumen (VOL), mortalidad (MOR), concentración (CONC), morfología (MRF), movilidad masal (MMSL), e individual (MIDL). VOL y MOR no mostraron diferencias (P=0,4856 y P=0,5952 respectivamente) entre tratamientos. La CONC (P=0,0117) mostró diferencia, en T1 (4,63 Sp x 109) con respecto a T2 y T3. La MRF mostró diferencias (P=0,0016) entre tratamientos. En MMSL se observó diferencias (P=0,0001) entre tratamientos, con un valor máximo para T1 (4,43). Finalmente, la MIDL en T1 y T2 fue superior (P=0,0007) a T3. Se concluye que la ingesta de dietas que incluyan alfalfa contaminada (70%) con Pseudopeziza medicaginis tiene efectos nocivos sobre la morfología espermática y consecuentemente puede llegar a ser perjudiciales sobre los índices reproductivos
A National or International Crime? Canada's Indian Residential Schools and the Genocide Convention
Authors: Hall Anthony J.
Published: June 2018

This essay addresses the relationship linking Canada's Indian Residential School saga with the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the United Nations' Genocide Convention. It sets the Canadian experience in a broader context, investigating the treatment of marginalized peoples in national and international environments dominated by the unwritten conventions of victors' justice. From the era of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, the full weight of international law falls disproportionately on the losing side of major conflicts. Those who commit crimes against humanity on the side of triumphant power are usually put behind shields of impunity, and this propensity sets the framework for the contained domestic handling of the international crime of genocide in Canada. This justiciable genocide took place historically through the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their biological families with clear intent to terminate First Nations as distinct peoples. The Indian Residential Schools were one part of a larger complex of enforced laws and policies including the effort to enfranchise schooled Indian adults as regular Canadian citizens bereft of Aboriginal and treaty rights.
Questions of Privacy and Confidentiality after Atrocity: Collecting and Retaining Records of the Residential School System in Canada
Authors: Logan Tricia
Published: June 2018

Record collection and record preservation have direct consequences for survivors and often determine the efficacy of the production of genocide memory. Currently, there are increased restrictions that limit our access to evidence and threaten long-term preservation of records. This article will focus on the recent decision to permanently destroy Independent Assessment Process files within fifteen years. These records contain personal disclosures of serious abuses and their destruction reflects an uneasy precedent with record conservation. While institutions strive to protect the privacy and safety of survivors and respect the use of their information, there are concerns that the state, churches and organizations obscure memory through the use or misuses of records or use the terms of privacy to protect themselves. This paper will draw on examples of conflicts within access, privacy, respect, and memory that inevitably contribute or detract from efforts in reconciliation or transitional justice.
Khmer Rouge Irrigation Schemes During the Cambodian Genocide
Authors: Tyner James A. , Munro-Stasiuk Mandy , Coakley Corrine , Kimsroy Sokvisal , Rice Stian
Published: June 2018

Between 1975 and 1979 Cambodia was witness to a period of mass violence in which approximately two million people died from famine, disease, and murder. This violence was the result of policies initiated by the Communist Party of Kampuchea, better known as the Khmer Rouge. To date, little research has systematically or empirically studied the geography of specific practices, notably the construction of irrigation schemes, initiated by the CPK that produced those material conditions that resulted in death and deprivation. Using satellite images, aerial photographs, archival records, and field observation, we systematically document and map Khmer Rouge irrigation schemes. Findings indicate that approximately 7,000 kilometers of canals and dikes and over 350 reservoirs were constructed during the genocide. A six-class typology is forwarded, as we argue that local hydrologic and geomorphic conditions did figure in the construction of dams, dikes, canals, and reservoirs.