bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can self-defeating humor make you happy? Cognitive interviews reveal the adaptive side of the self-defeating humor style
Authors: Heintz Sonja , Ruch Willibald
Published: April 2018

The present set of studies employs two cognitive interviewing techniques (thinking aloud and online cognitive probing) of the scale assessing the self-defeating humor style, aiming at delineating the role that self-defeating humor plays in self-esteem and emotions. The self-defeating humor style comprises humor to enhance one’s relationships with others at the expense of oneself, and has often been related to lower well-being. The analyses are based on 392 item responses of a typical sample (Study 1) and 104 item responses of high scorers on the self-defeating scale (Study 2). Content analyses revealed that higher scores on the self-defeating scale went along with humor (Study 1), with higher state self-esteem, with an improvement of one’s interpersonal relationships, and with more facial displays of positive emotions (Study 2). Additionally, the more humor was entailed in the item responses, the higher the state self-esteem and the improvement of relationships was and the more positive emotion words were employed. Thus, the humor entailed in the self-defeating humor style seemed rather beneficial both for oneself and others. These findings call for a reevaluation of past findings with this humor style and provide opportunities for future research and applications of humor interventions to improve well-being.
Potential bioactive mononuclear diorganotin(IV) phenoxyacetohydroxamate complexes: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation
Authors: Choudhary Vineet Kumar , Kumar Abhishek , Sharma Neeraj
Published: April 2018

The new diorganotin(IV) complexes of composition [Me2Sn(C6H5OCH2CONHO)2](I) and [n-Bu2Sn(C6H5OCH2CONHO)2](II) have been synthesized by the reactions of Me2SnCl2andn-Bu2SnCl2with potassium phenoxyacetohydroxamate (PhOAHK=C6H5OCH2CONHOK) in 1:2 molar ratio in methanol and benzene solvent medium and characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques (infrared,1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry). The [O,O coordination] through carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygen atoms and distorted octahedral geometry around the mononuclear tin has been inferred. The electrochemical behavior of complexes studied by the cyclic voltammetric technique has shown quasi-irreversible two-step reduction from tin (IV) to tin (II). Thermal behavior of complexes studied by the thermogravimetric technique in N2atmosphere has yielded SnO as the decomposition product. Thein vitroantimicrobial activity assays against various pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, namely,Salmonella typhi,Escherichia coli; Gram-positiveBacillus cereusandStaphylococcus aureusand fungiAspergillus nigerandAlternaria alternataby the minimum inhibitory concentration method have shown their potential as promising antimicrobial agents compared to the respective standard chloramphenicol and nystatin drugs.
Crystal structure of bis{2-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(methoxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
N,O}zinc(II), C32H30N4O4Zn
Authors: Li Qing-Lin , Li Peng-Peng , Ma Jin-Xia , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li
Published: April 2018

C32H30N4O4Zn, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.6632(8) Å, b = 12.7133(10) Å, c = 14.2719(12) Å, α = 98.585(3)°, β = 94.985(3)°, γ = 92.916(3)°, Z = 2, V = 1545.1(2) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0714, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1740, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-N′-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-5-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbohydrazide, C19H19N5O2
Authors: Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal
Published: April 2018

C19H19N5O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.6320(3) Å, b = 10.3272(5) Å, c = 13.0832(6) Å, α = 102.751(2)°, β = 96.130(2)°, γ = 103.079(2)°, V = 839.63(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt = 0.0553, wR
ref(F2
) = 0.1521, T = 100(2) K.
Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy via helical tomotherapy: a phase II study
Authors: Du Lei , Zhang Xin Xin , Feng Lin Chun , Chen Jing , Yang Jun , Liu Hai Xia , Xu Shou Ping , Xie Chuan Bin , Ma Lin
Published: April 2018

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate short-term safety and efficacy of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) delivered via helical tomotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Between August 2011 and September 2013, 132 newly diagnosed NPC patients were enrolled for a prospective phase II study. The prescription doses delivered to the gross tumor volume (pGTVnx) and positive lymph nodes (pGTVnd), the high risk planning target volume (PTV1), and the low risk planning target volume (PTV2), were 67.5 Gy (2.25 Gy/F), 60 Gy (2.0 Gy/F), and 54 Gy (1.8 Gy/F), in 30 fractions, respectively. Acute toxicities were evaluated according to the established RTOG/EORTC criteria. This group of patients was compared with the 190 patients in the retrospective P70 study, who were treated between September 2004 and August 2009 with helical tomotherapy, with a dose of 70-74 Gy/33F/6.5W delivered to pGTVnx and pGTVnd.

Results

The median follow-up was 23.7 (12–38) months. Acute radiation related side-effects were mainly problems graded as 1 or 2. Only a small number of patients suffered from grade 4 leucopenia (4.5%) or thrombocytopenia (2.3%). The local relapse-free survival (LRFS), nodal relapse-free survival (NRFS), local-nodal relapse-free survival (LNRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were 96.7%, 95.5%, 92.2%, 92.7% and 93.2%, at 2 years, respectively, with no significant difference compared with the P70 study.

Conclusions

Smart delivered via the helical tomotherapy technique appears to be associated with an acceptable acute toxicity profile and favorable short-term outcomes for patients with NPC. Long-term toxicities and patient outcomes are under investigation.
Effect of photon energy spectrum on dosimetric parameters of brachytherapy sources
Authors: Ghorbani Mahdi , Mehrpouyan Mohammad , Davenport David , Ahmadi Moghaddas Toktam
Published: April 2018

Aim

The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of the photon energy spectrum of brachytherapy sources on task group No. 43 (TG-43) dosimetric parameters.

Background

Different photon spectra are used for a specific radionuclide in Monte Carlo simulations of brachytherapy sources.

Materials and methods

MCNPX code was used to simulate 125I, 103Pd, 169Yb, and 192Ir brachytherapy sources. Air kerma strength per activity, dose rate constant, radial dose function, and two dimensional (2D) anisotropy functions were calculated and isodose curves were plotted for three different photon energy spectra. The references for photon energy spectra were: published papers, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC). The data calculated by these photon energy spectra were compared.

Results

Dose rate constant values showed a maximum difference of 24.07% for 103Pd source with different photon energy spectra. Radial dose function values based on different spectra were relatively the same. 2D anisotropy function values showed minor differences in most of distances and angles. There was not any detectable difference between the isodose contours.

Conclusions

Dosimetric parameters obtained with different photon spectra were relatively the same, however it is suggested that more accurate and updated photon energy spectra be used in Monte Carlo simulations. This would allow for calculation of reliable dosimetric data for source modeling and calculation in brachytherapy treatment planning systems.
Screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ found on stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy of suspicious microcalcifications without mass: radiological-histological correlation
Authors: Szynglarewicz Bartlomiej , Kasprzak Piotr , Biecek Przemyslaw , Halon Agnieszka , Matkowski Rafal
Published: April 2018

Background

Commonly identified on screening mammography breast microcalcifications are the predominant manifestation of ductal carcinomain situ(DCIS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinico-radiological features and histological findings in patients with screen-detected DCIS.

Patients and methods

Consecutive 127 patients with pure DCIS found on stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy of screen-detected suspicious microcalcifications without mass entered the study. Patient age, type and distribution of microcalcifications, DCIS nuclear grade (NG) and the presence of comedonecrosis were investigated. Association between parameters was statistically analysed with P < 0.05 as a significance level. Results. Powdery microcalcifications were most often clustered while regional were most common of casting-type (P < 0.001). High, intermediate and low NG of DCIS was significantly related to casting-type, crushed stone-like and powdery microcalcifications, respectively (P < 0.01). Low and intermediate NG DCIS were the most common in clustered and grouped microcalcifications while high NG DCIS was the most often when regional distribution was observed (P < 0.05). Comedonecrosis was significantly more common in high NG DCIS (P < 0.01). The association between comedonecrosis and type of microcalcifications was not significant, but with their distribution was close to the significance level (P = 0.07). Patient age was not significantly related to imaging or histological findings.

Conclusions

The association between pattern of mammographic microcalcifications and histological findings related to more aggressive disease can be helpful in optimal surgery planning in patients with screen-detected DCIS, regarding the extent of breast intervention and consideration of synchronous sentinel node biopsy.
Evaluation for VOF Simulation of Flow Field in Asphalt Foaming Chamber Based on Volume Fraction
Authors: Liu Fu-Min , Wang An-Lin , Fu Zhen-Sheng
Published: April 2018

Asphalt with high viscosity, air, and water constitutes multi-phase turbulent flow accompanied by complex dynamic phenomena such as heat transfer and phase transition in the foaming chamber during the asphalt foaming process. The foaming process is difficult to fully describe by mathematical model. In order to establish the correspondence between the approximate simulation flow field in the foaming chamber and the physical experiment, it is necessary to propose a reasonable evaluation method for the flow field simulation in the foaming chamber. Approximate numerical expression of asphalt foaming process is established by the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow calculation method combined with self-defined phase and mass transfer functions. Based on the principle of asphalt foaming, effective foaming area is defined as the area where temperature is ≥100°C, volume fraction of asphalt is ≥0.5, and volume fraction of water vapor is between 0.1 and 0.4. The ratio of the effective foaming area to the total flow field is taken as the evaluation index. The proportion of effective foaming area obtained by asphalt foaming numerical simulation is compared with the expansion rate and half-life obtained by asphalt foaming experiments with three foaming chambers of different sizes. The comparison shows that ratio of effective foaming area has the same tendency as expansion rate and half-life. And the simulation evaluation index is verified. Suggestions are put forward on the structure design of asphalt foaming chamber based on the distribution of effective foaming area. It shows that this method achieves rapid theoretical evaluation of foaming chamber structure and could be used for the optimal design of foaming chamber.
Rapid Disinhibition by Adjustment of PV Intrinsic Excitability during Whisker Map Plasticity in Mouse S1
Authors: Gainey Melanie A. , Aman Joseph W. , Feldman Daniel E.
Published: April 2018

Rapid plasticity of layer (L) 2/3 inhibitory circuits is an early step in sensory cortical map plasticity, but its cellular basis is unclear. We show that, in mice of either sex, 1 d whisker deprivation drives the rapid loss of L4-evoked feedforward inhibition and more modest loss of feedforward excitation in L2/3 pyramidal (PYR) cells, increasing the excitation-inhibition conductance ratio. Rapid disinhibition was due to reduced L4-evoked spiking by L2/3 parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, caused by reduced PV intrinsic excitability. This included elevated PV spike threshold, which is associated with an increase in low-threshold, voltage-activated delayed rectifier (presumed Kv1) and A-type potassium currents. Excitatory synaptic input and unitary inhibitory output of PV cells were unaffected. Functionally, the loss of feedforward inhibition and excitation was precisely coordinated in L2/3 PYR cells, so that peak feedforward synaptic depolarization remained stable. Thus, the rapid plasticity of PV intrinsic excitability offsets early weakening of excitatory circuits to homeostatically stabilize synaptic potentials in PYR cells of sensory cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInhibitory circuits in cerebral cortex are highly plastic, but the cellular mechanisms and functional importance of this plasticity are incompletely understood. We show that brief (1 d) sensory deprivation rapidly weakens parvalbumin (PV) inhibitory circuits by reducing the intrinsic excitability of PV neurons. This involved a rapid increase in voltage-gated potassium conductances that control near-threshold spiking excitability. Functionally, the loss of PV-mediated feedforward inhibition in L2/3 pyramidal cells was precisely balanced with the separate loss of feedforward excitation, resulting in a net homeostatic stabilization of synaptic potentials. Thus, rapid plasticity of PV intrinsic excitability implements network-level homeostasis to stabilize synaptic potentials in sensory cortex.
Deferoxamine ameliorates adipocyte dysfunction by modulating iron metabolism in ob/ob mice
Authors: Yan Hong-Fa , Liu Zhao-Yu , Guan Zhi-Ang , Guo Chuang
Published: April 2018

Objective

The mechanisms underlying obesity and anti-obesity processes have garnered remarkable attention as potential therapeutic targets for obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Our prior work has shown the healing efficacy of iron reduction therapies for hepatic steatosis in a rodent model of diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated how iron depletion by deferoxamine (DFO) affected adipocyte dysfunction in the epididymal adipose tissues of ob/ob mice.

Methods

Male ob/ob mice were assigned to either a vehicle-treated or DFO-treated group. DFO (100 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally for 15 days.

Results

We confirmed that iron deposits were statistically increased in the epididymal fat pad of 26-week-old ob/ob mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. DFO significantly improved vital parameters of adipose tissue biology by reducing reactive oxygen species and inflammatory marker (TNFα, IL-2, IL-6, and Hepcidin) secretion, by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-targeted proteins, and by altering adipocytic iron-, glucose- and lipid-associated metabolism proteins. Meanwhile, hypertrophic adipocytes were decreased in size, and insulin signaling pathway-related proteins were also activated after 15 days of DFO treatment.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that dysfunctional iron homeostasis contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance in adipose tissues of ob/ob mice. Further investigation is required to develop safe iron chelators as effective treatment strategies against obesity, with potential for rapid clinical application.
The Activity of Social and Psychological Rehabilitation Centres for Families in Ivano-Frankivsk Region (Ukraine)
Authors: Stynska Victoriia , Tytun Oksana
Published: April 2018

The article deals with the work of social and psychological services in Ivano-Frankivsk region (Regional Center of social and psychological help in the village Verkhovyna, district Verkhovyna, Municipal social rehabilitation center of mother and child “Mistechko myloserdia sviatogo Mykolaia”, Interregional center of social and psychological rehabilitation of children in the village Medynia, district Galytskyi). The centers aim at implementation of new forms of social support of women, prevention of abandonment and child's social orphanhood, providing social, psychological, pedagogical, medical and legal assistance.

The centers carry out the activity on principles of human rights protection, humanity, legitimacy, availability, mutual respect and confidentiality.

It has been found that the centers aim at: social and psychological diagnostics; psychological and pedagogical help, social and medical care; correction-developing work; adaptation to family environment and legal assistance.

It was concluded that centers of social and psychological rehabilitation of families in Ivano-Frankivsk region due to the wide range of tasks have become special places (schools) of pedagogical, psychological and medical help to the children, young people and families with children in difficult life situations
The Personality of a Teacher in the Good Doing of Academician Ivan Zyazyun (to the 80th Birthday Anniversary)
Authors: Vasianovych Hryhoriy
Published: April 2018

The article analyzes the works by academician Ivan Zyazyun in the framework of the teacher’s good doing. It is proved that the prominent scientist of Ukraine considered this problem on the humanistic principles of human creation and the existential nature of human existence. I. Zyazyun states that human is the only living being that does not belong to its lineage group from the moment of birth. Its human essence is acquired throughout whole life. I. Zyazyun as the philosopher and the teacher substantiated the opinion, according to which the worldview of a personality becomes determinant in the process of good going. The humanistic worldview of the personality of a teacher allows creating of his/her own activity aimed at mental, spiritual and intellectual development of students, and to treat them as active and equal subjects of the educational process. Good doing of a teacher forms the spiritual elite of the nation. The spiritual elite is distinguished by the fact that it forms the ideals of good, unites the best forces of the nation to make new cultural achievements. The scholar paid considerable attention to the issues of forming common and collective good doing. It allows all the members of the team to act responsibly, actively and productively for the approval of not only individual but also the common good and welfare
A Formação Continuada de Diretoras da Rede de Educação Básica em São José dos Campos-SP
Authors: Pocker Erika Pastorelli , Calil Ana Maria Gimenes Corrêa
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo se apresenta uma pesquisa referente à formação continuada de diretoras da rede de ensino em São José dos Campos/SP.  Inicialmente um grupo focal foi realizado com dez gestoras da Educação Básica, no qual foram expostas opiniões sobre temas como o gerenciamento de conflitos, e a presença da capacitação em seu trabalho. Coletamos apontamentos da literatura especializada sobre os temas discutidos, valendo-se de reflexões sobre a formação do diretor, e as transformações que redefiniram o seu papel. Explorando o conteúdo discutido no encontro com as diretoras, procurou-se oferecer subsídios para um programa de formação continuada oferecida a essas lideranças. anguage:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA'>Grupo de Pesquisa Educação, Formação de Professores, Metodologias e Diversidade
El cine como arte: un estudio comparativo de las teorias estéticas de R. Canudo, R Arheim y W. Benjamin
Authors: Frau Pablo
Published: April 2018

El estudio aborda el proceso inicial de la construcción teórica del cine como arte. El trabajo recupera tres textos fundamentales mostrando como éstos representan tres fases significativas de ese proceso de construcción teórica. Una primera fase, donde el cine es presentado como la culminación de las Bellas Artes tradicionales; una segunda fase, donde el cine empieza a ser entendido como un medio artístico nuevo y con un potencial artístico propio y, finalmente, una tercera fase, donde se plantea la cuestión de la inadecuación de la obra de arte cinematográfica al sistema conceptual estético clásico, la necesidad de un reformulamiento del mismo, las transformaciones que se derivan para el arte, así como la cuestión del impacto sobre la experiencia estética consecuencia de la emergencia de este nuevo medio  audiovisual mecanizado.
Organização da nação e monopolização do ensino pelo estado: homogeneidade cultural e exclusão socio racial (Brasil, séculos XIX e XX)
Authors: Veiga Cynthia Greive
Published: April 2018

Resumo: O objetivo do artigo é discutir a monopolização do ensino pelo Estado e a imposição da homogeneidade cultural através da institucionalização das escolas públicas e obrigatórias, como parte do processo de organização dos Estados nação, com destaque para história da educação brasileira, século XIX e início do século XX. Para isto foram investigados documentos tais como: relatórios de governo, jornais e revistas, discutidos a luz das teorias sociológicas de Norbert Elias e Anibal Quijano. Estes autores analisam, com ênfases diferenciadas, as dinâmicas monopolizadoras produtoras da modernidade europeia que se impuseram nas américas, as mudanças nas relações entre governantes e governados, e as tensões socio raciais no processo de organização das nações. O estudo indica para paradoxos no processo de estabelecimento da escola pública obrigatória, uma vez que, as ações voltadas para homogeneizar culturalmente as populações, contribuíram para surgimento de novos mecanismos de exclusão socio racial.Palavras chaves: monopolização estatal; escola obrigatória; nação; exclusão; classe social, etnia.
Norbert Elias e Mozart como outsiders: memórias de infância e figuração social
Authors: Sarat Magda , Suttana Renato
Published: April 2018

Inspirando-se na obra teórica de Norbert Elias, as ciências humanas têm avançado nos diferentes contextos investigativos, com desdobramentos importantes e variados. O presente artigo é um recorte de pesquisas que temos desenvolvido sobre temas como memória, infância e literatura, com base numa fundamentação teórica elisiana. Particularmente, temos recorrido às contribuições desse pensador para tratar, em especial, os temas da educação e da formação dos indivíduos desde a infância. Neste artigo, utilizando como fontes as obras do próprio Elias e textos biográficos de comentadores, buscaremos elementos que ajudem a compreender a pessoa desse sociólogo brilhante, que no entanto foi considerado um outsider ao longo de sua trajetória humana e intelectual. Sugestionados pelo livro Mozart: sociologia de um gênio, no qual Elias, ao escrever sobre o músico austríaco, revela traços de sua própria personalidade, queremos analisar e enfocar essa trajetória, com ênfase especial nas memórias de infância, às quais Elias recorre para externar suas percepções sobre os outsiders, tema fundamental de suas postulações. Estudaremos também o modo como o conceito de outsider, na modernidade, indica o lugar social do indivíduo no processo civilizador e nos diferentes grupos, marcando as trajetórias coletivas e individuais dos seres humanos. Palavras chave: Norbert Elias — Memória — Infância — Estabelecidos e Outsiders
Análise do Programa Ensino Integral na Perspectiva do Desempenho Escolar
Authors: Miranda Nonato Assis de , Veraszto Estéfano Vizconde , Aparício Ana Silvia Moço
Published: April 2018

O objetivo precípuo desse artigo é analisar se a adesão de escolas ao Programa Ensino Integral (PEI), da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo, na região do Grande ABC, repercute em melhoria do desempenho escolar. Considerando os resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação São Paulo (Idesp), como um dos possíveis indicadores de desempenho escolar, esse trabalho analisou a performance de escolas de três municípios do ABC. Os resultados mostram que a dedicação exclusiva de docentes e gestores e o incremento financeiro nos salários tendem a refletir, positivamente, na melhoria do desempenho escolar, mas eles não podem ser generalizados porque nem todas as escolas obtiverem o mesmo êxito no programa. O artigo conclui que o simples aumento do tempo na escola não garante processos de aprendizagem mais significativos, mas é uma alternativa para a busca da melhoria da qualidade social da educação desde que o modelo não priorize o mero estabelecimento de ranking entre as escolas integrantes do PEI.
Conhecimento e poder: reflexões sobre as relações entre academia e judiciário no Brasil
Authors: Simioni Rafael Lazzarotto
Published: April 2018

Esta pesquisa pretende estabelecer uma reflexão crítica sobre os possíveis contornos da disputa pela ocupação dos espaços de produção de sentido do direito no Brasil, neste início de século XXI. O poder dos tribunais sobre a definição do que é direito vai muito além de uma questão de teorias ou paradigmas. Concursos públicos, ensino jurídico e a própria racionalidade da prática forense encontra-se hoje determinada, exclusivamente, pelo regime de verdade dos tribunais. Todavia, sinaliza-se o surgimento de um novo ator no mapa da geopolítica do campo jurídico: a academia. Partimos da hipótese de que tribunais, advocacia e academia constituem diferentes organizações, com diferentes tipos de discurso, de racionalidade e de regimes de verdade sobre o direito, os quais se encontram sob tensão. Através de uma pesquisa empírica baseada na análise da relação entre, de um lado, as referências discursivas presentes nos principais meios de comunicação de massa do direito e, de outro, as referências discursivas presentes nos boletins e informativos de jurisprudência dos tribunais, infere-se, como resultado, que esse tipo de conflito, diferente do século XX, não é uma disputa de teorias, de matrizes disciplinares ou de paradigmas, mas sim uma relação de poder pela própria episteme do direito. Uma disputa pela apropriação do poder de dizer o que é e o que não é saber jurídico.
O esquecido caso de “Belo Monte”: análise constitucional e convencional
Authors: Costa Nayara Mota , Xavier Fernando César Costa
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo pretende expor as controvérsias jurídicas que decorrem da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, com foco para dois âmbitos: um, constitucional, no qual se discute a constitucionalidade dos procedimentos adotados pelo governo brasileiro para a consecução da obra; outro, convencional, no qual se discute à luz da jurisprudência interamericana os direitos humanos violados das comunidades indígenas afetadas. No âmbito constitucional, recapitula-se em especial a alegação de que não teria havido a oitiva das populações indígenas concernidas, e se propõe a interpretação para o art. 231, §3º, mais em conformidade com a integridade dos direitos fundamentais. No âmbito convencional, dá-se enfoque para a Convenção 169 da OIT aplicável ao caso, mas, principalmente, para os instrumentos de direitos humanos que podem vir a embasar o sistema interamericano para o exame e resolução. Recorde-se que foi encaminhada à Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos da OEA, ainda em 2011, uma queixa contra o Estado brasileiro, a qual foi aceita e exigirá para um futuro próximo que aquele órgão se manifeste em relação a uma das questões mais delicadas no sistema interamericano hoje.
A Atribuição de Responsabilidade Civil ao Estado em Estabelecimentos Prisionais geridos através de Cogestão e Parcerias Público-Privadas: Um estudo aplicado ao paradigmático evento ocorrido no Complexo Penitenciário Anísio Jobim.
Authors: Ferreira Marco Antonio Rocha , De Andrade Hamilton Da Costa Mitre
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo busca fazer um estudo sobre a responsabilidade civil do Estado por fatos ocorridos em estabelecimentos prisionais, notadamente quando esses são geridos em parceria com o setor privado. A concessão de tal atividade tem se tornado prática comum no Brasil e, em virtude de problemas peculiares ao nosso sistema carcerário, como a superlotação e o envolvimento dos detentos com facções criminosas, conflitos como o enfrentado pelo Complexo Penitenciário Anísio Jobim serão cada vez mais frequentes. Urge, nestes casos, estabelecer regras claras de repartição da responsabilidade entre as partes contratantes, de forma a não onerar o erário com indenizações indevidas, nem desestimular a participação do particular no empreendimento.
O brasileiro como estrangeiro: a política migratória brasileira para emigrantes
Authors: Amaral Ana Paula Martins , Costa Luiz Rosado , Allgayer Cristiane Batista Arrua
Published: April 2018

Até a década de 1980, a política migratória brasileira foi pautada pela ótica exclusiva de país de destino, situação que se modificou com a emergência, a partir daquela década, de significativos fluxos migratórios brasileiros para fora do país em decorrência da estagnação econômica e desemprego então vigentes, associados ao aumento das facilidades de transporte e informação. Estes fluxos emigratórios prologam-se até os dias atuais e o Brasil, a partir de então, desenvolveu, gradativamente, uma política migratória voltada para os brasileiros no exterior. Essa pesquisa, descritiva e exploratória, valendo-se dos métodos bibliográfico e documental, visa a analisar como se deu a relação entre o Estado brasileiro e seus emigrantes, limitada aos planos participativo e institucional, durante a vigência do Estatuto do Estrangeiro, que tratou apenas da imigração em seus dispositivos. Visa também a estudar a nova perspectiva de inclusão dos emigrantes e de manutenção de seus vínculos jurídico-políticos com o Brasil trazidas pela nova Lei de Migração, que entrará em vigor em 21 de novembro de 2017 e será o primeiro marco legal brasileiro sobre emigração.
O direito fundamental à participação por meio da convenção de Aarhus em matéria ambiental como forma de implementar o estado constitucional cooperativo na figura do Amicus Curiae
Authors: Matheus Ana Carolina Couto
Published: April 2018

O escopo da pesquisa é analisar a Convenção de Aarhus em matéria ambiental sob o enfoque do Estado Constitucional Cooperativo, privilegiando o direito fundamental à participação. O objetivo geral é compreender a referida Convenção como forma de implementar o Estado Cooperativo para a proteção ambiental, na figura do amicus curiae. Objetivos específicos são: destacar que o governo brasileiro não ratificou a referida Convenção como corolário do Estado Ambiental Cooperativo; valorizar a construção teórica de Peter Häberle, que trata a cooperação internacional como responsabilidade internacional. Será utilizado o método indutivo, fonte bibliográfica, as técnicas do referente, conceito operacional, fichamento e da categoria.
Direito à educação: ações afirmativas como política pública para ingresso no ensino superior.
Authors: Barbosa Fernando Cesar Mendes , Brunetto Fabiano Simon , Vitorini Rosilene Alves da Silva
Published: April 2018

O texto discute a maneira pela qual o direito à educação tem sido efetivado por meio de ações afirmativas, consideradas políticas públicas de acesso à educação. Reconhece que a implementação de políticas públicas de acesso ao ensino constituem verdadeiro e legítimo instrumento de diminuição e correção de desigualdades históricas que determinaram e, ainda hoje, permeiam o acesso e a permanência no Ensino Superior Brasileiro. Conclui que, apesar de essas ações afirmativas serem recentes no Brasil, elas têm contribuído para diminuir os grandes espaços que existem entre os mais favorecidos e os mais fragilizados socioeconomicamente.
Alterações bucais decorrentes do Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
Authors: Bezerra Silva Diego Filipe , Elias da Silva Josicleide , Barroso de Souza Érico Vinícios , Jordão de Albuquerque Carlos Rodrigo , Chaves de Vasconcelos Catão Maria Helena
Published: April 2018

Introdução: O Diabetes Melittus (DM) é uma doença sistêmica metabólica crônica de prevalência alta na população idosa, que pode implicar no agravamento de manifestações orais prejudiciais ao paciente. O cirurgião-dentista tem papel importante no diagnóstico e no tratamento dessas manifestações, bem como, pode auxiliar no controle do DM.Objetivo: Analisar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura sistemática, a relação das condições de saúde bucal com o DM.Métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e Scielo, buscando recuperar artigos relacionados ao tema, selecionados entre o período de 2005 e 2015.Conclusão: DM e saúde bucal possuem uma relação bidirecional, comprovada pela maior resistência à insulina na presença de inflamação local e pela prevalência de doença periodontal e alterações em mucosa oral e glândulas salivares no paciente com DM descompensado. Alterações no meio bucal dos portadores de tal patologia também podem afetar sua função mastigatória, e por conseguinte, a nutrição, impactando negativamente no controle glicêmico. Portanto, o atendimento odontológico pode contribuir com a melhoria da condição de saúde bucal e sistêmica além da qualidade de vida dos idosos com DM.
Perda óssea marginal peri-implantar: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Moura Marcos Boaventura
Published: April 2018

Introdução: O nível do osso marginal é um dos critérios de referência utilizados para avaliar o sucesso de implantes. Há muitos fatores que podem gerar reabsorção óssea, as influências não foram claramente determinadas. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é identificar quais os fatores e sua influência sobre alterações ósseas peri-implantares. Metodologia: Os artigos incluídos foram avaliados para grau de qualidade por dois pesquisadores independentes. Oitocentos e noventa e nove artigos foram avaliados, destes, 885 foram excluídos, permanecendo 14 artigos para revisão, sendo incluídos mais 15 artigos retirados de referências dos artigos anteriormente selecionados na busca sistemática e relacionados com o tema, para complementar a metodologia. Entre os possíveis fatores identificados como razão para as alterações ósseas peri-implantares, o momento da carga, o protocolo cirúrgico(um ou dois estágios), assim como os diferentes sistemas de implantes, entre outros, foram considerados. Conclusão: Conclui-se que fatores como o momento da carga e protocolo cirúrgico, sistemas de implantes, entre outros, não interferiram no nível ósseo peri-implantar, já o conceito de plataforma switching foi considerado o aspecto mais influente na prevenção da perda óssea marginal em torno de implantes dentários.
Brinquedos observados no ambiente domiciliar de lactentes: uma comparação entre meninos e meninas
Authors: Bontorim Bianca Alves Almozara , Miquelote Audrei Fortunato , Coppola Cassiana Do Amaral , Cunha Andrea Baraldi , Padovani Gabriella , Silva Vanessa Araújo , Santos Denise Castilho Cabrera
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Brinquedos são fonte de estímulo ao desenvolvimento infantil na medida em que proporcionam affordances (possibilidades de ação motora). Embora diversos estudos investiguem affordances no ambiente domiciliar, nenhum observou se há diferenças entre lactentes meninos e meninas. Objetivo: avaliar os brinquedos disponíveis no ambiente domiciliar de bebês do sexo masculino e feminino. Método: Estudo observacional e transversal, no qual participaram 30 lactentes, 15 do sexo feminino, idade média de 7(±1) meses. Para o levantamento dos brinquedos no ambiente domiciliar, foi utilizado o questionário Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor– Escala Bebê (AHEMD-IS), dimensões brinquedos de motricidade fina e grossa.  Para caracterização do grupo foram coletados dados do nascimento do bebê e da condição econômica da família. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizando o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Os resultados apontam para baixa quantidade de brinquedos disponíveis no ambiente domiciliar dos lactentes. Não foi observada associação significativa na disponibilidade de brinquedos entre meninas e meninos. Conclusão: Considerando que os brinquedos oferecem oportunidades de ação para o desenvolvimento motor dos bebês, o estudo mostrou restrição de affordances (possibilidades de ação motora) relacionadas a essa dimensão do ambiente, o que pode repercutir no desempenho motor dos lactentes.
Estimates of Genotype x Environment Interactions and Heritability of Black Point in Durum Wheat
Authors: Hasan KILIÇ Hasan , SAĞIR Abuzer , BAYRAM Yunus
Published: April 2018

Experiments were carried out in four different locations with 14 durum wheat genotypes in two successful seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-2001. Black point disease of genotypes was evaluated by interactions of genotypes and environment as well as heritability (h2). It was found that black point disease affected differently in different locations and growing seasons. This indicates that the genotypes have different adaptation ability for traits studied in different locations. Heritability rate that variance analyzes accepted means squares calculated was found as phenotypic variance rate of genotypic variance was found as 49%. Variance of genotype x location x year was bigger than other variance components. Genotype x year variance was bigger than genotype x location variance too. The heritability of black point disease was founded moderate. In addition to one of factors on the black point disease genotype also environment x genotype interactions were found effective. According to evaluation of black point disease, the highest value was obtained from ‘Sorgül’ (2.7%), ‘Dicle-74’ (2.56%) and ‘Gidara-II’ (2.32%) varieties; the least value was obtained from ‘Balcali-2000’ variety (0.64%). Alternaria spp., Phoma sp, Fusarium spp., Helminthosporium spp., and Stemphylium spp., fungi were isolated from the grain affected by black point diseases.
Some Quality Traits of Different Wild Plants
Authors: BASBAG Mehmet , DEMIREL Ramazan , AVCI Mustafa
Published: April 2018

This research was carried out to determine quality properties of some pasture plant species. In this research, 10 different pasture plant species were used as materials which were collected from Diyarbakir pasture areas of Turkey. At the end of research, quality properties of pasture plants were ranged from lowest to highest for average dry matter 11.5-30.9%, average crude protein 12.6-26.6%, crude ash 5.5-21.2%, acid detergent fiber 22.0-43.0%, neutral detergent fiber 20.5-56.1%, digestible dry matter 55.4-71.8%, dry matter intake 2.1-5.9% and relative feed value 90.2-327.0. Among the pasture plants studied, higher crude protein level than averages of species following plants may have importance, respectively: Centaurea iberica, Sinapsis arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis, Rumex conglomeratus, Crambe orientalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum aviculare, Anchusa strigosa and Malva neglecta. For relative feed value has been remarked: Sinapsis arvensis, Rumex conglomeratus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Crambe orientalis, Centaurea iberica and Hypecoum imberbe.
The Use of Antioxidants to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases of Pepper
Authors: ABDEL-MONAIM Montaser Fawzy , ISMAIL Mamdoh Ewis
Published: April 2018

Ten isolates of Fusarium spp. were isolated from pepper plants collected from different locations in New Valley Governorate, Egypt. Fusarium solani isolate FP2 and F. oxysporum isolate FP4 were highly pathogenic isolates but the other isolates moderate or less pathogenic to pepper plants (cv. 'Anaheim-M'). The four antioxidant compounds (coumaric acid, citric acid, propylgalate and salicylic acid each at 100 and 200 ppm) were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo agonist to Fusarium pathogenic isolates caused root rot and wilt diseases in pepper plants. All tested antioxidant compounds reduced damping-off, root rot/wilt and area under root rot/wilt progress curve when used as seed soaking, seedling soaking, and soil drench especially at 200 ppm under greenhouse and field conditions compared with untreated plants. All chemicals increased fresh and dry weight of seedling grown in soil drenching or seed treatment with any antioxidants. At the same time, all tested chemicals significantly increase plant growth parameters i.e plant length, plant branching, and total yield per plant in case of seedling soaking or soil drench. In general, propylgalate at 200 ppm was more efficient in reducing infection with damping-off, root rot and wilt diseases as well as increasing the seedling fresh weight, dry weight, plant length, plant branching, number of pod plant-1 and pod yield plant-1. On the other hand, all tested antioxidants had less or no effect on mycelial dry weight and mycelial leaner growth. On the contrary, all chemicals much reduced spore formation in both Fusarium species at 100 or 200 ppm and the inhibitory effect of antioxidants increased with increasing their concentrations.
The role of Molecular Markers in Improvement of Fruit Crops
Authors: BHAT Zahoor Ahmad , DHILLON Wasakha Singh , RASHID Rizwan , BHAT Javid Ahmad , DAR Waseem Ali , GANAIE Mohammad Yousf
Published: April 2018

Markers have been used over the years for the classification of plants. Markers are any trait of an organism that can be identified with confidence and relative easy, and can be followed in a mapping population on another hand markers be defined as heritable entities associated with the economically important trait under the control of polygenes. Morphological markers can be detected with naked eye (naked eye polymorphism) or as difference in physical or chemical properties of the macromolecules. In other words, there are two types of genetic markers viz. morphological markers or naked eye polymorphism and non-morphological markers or molecular markers. Morphological markers include traits such as plant height, disease response, photoperiod, sensitivity, shape or colour of flowers, fruits or seeds etc. Molecular markers include biochemical constituents. Morphological markers have many limitations for being used as markers particularly in fruit crops because of long generation time and large size of fruit trees besides being influenced by environment. Consequently, molecular markers could be appropriate choice to study and preserve the diversity in any germplasm. Molecular markers have diverse applications in fruit crop improvement, particularly in the areas of genetic diversity and varietal identification studies, gene tagging, disease diagnostics, pedigree analysis, hybrid detection, sex differentiation and marker assisted selection.
Inducing Fungus-Resistance into Plants through Biotechnology
Authors: WANI Shabir Hussain
Published: April 2018

Plant diseases are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, and their management requires the use of techniques like transgenic technology, molecular biology, and genetics. There have been attempts to use gene technology as an alternative method to protect plants from microbial diseases, in addition to the development of novel agrochemicals and the conventional breeding of resistant cultivars. Various genes have been introduced into plants, and the enhanced resistance against fungi has been demonstrated. These include: genes that express proteins, peptides, or antimicrobial compounds that are directly toxic to pathogens or that reduce their growth in situ; gene products that directly inhibit pathogen virulence products or enhance plant structural defense genes, that directly or indirectly activate general plant defense responses; and resistance genes involved in the hypersensitive response and in the interactions with virulence factors. The introduction of the tabtoxin acetyltransferase gene, the stilbene synthase gene, the ribosome-inactivation protein gene and the glucose oxidase gene brought enhanced resistance in different plants. Genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase and glucanase, which can deteriorate fungal cell-wall components, are attractive candidates for this approach and are preferentially used for the production of fungal disease-resistant plants. In addition to this, RNA-mediated gene silencing is being tried as a reverse tool for gene targeting in plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In this review, different mechanisms of fungal disease resistance through biotechnological approaches are discussed and the recent advances in fungal disease management through transgenic approach are reviewed.
Relationship Between Ion Content in Seed and Spongy Coat of the Medicinal Halophyte Crithmum maritimum L. and Germination Capacity
Authors: ATIA Abdallah , DEBEZ Ahmed , ABDELLY Chedly , SMAOUI Abderrazak
Published: April 2018

Halophytes thrive in a wide range of habitats and climates, which may largely determine the seed mineral content, and hence influence both their germination capacity and their subsequent establishment. In order to assess this hypothesis, we performed a comparative study on three Tunisian proveniences of the perennial oilseed halophyte Crithmum maritimum L. The ion (Cl-, K+, and Na+) contents in seeds and fruits were determined and their likely relationship to germination capacity was addressed. Whether seeds were sown in distilled water or under moderate salt solution (100 mM NaCl) germination of the three proveniences was negatively correlated with the seed K+, Na+ and Cl- content. The spongy coats (fruits) were found to accumulate much more Na+ and Cl- than seeds (up to aprox. 8- and 11- fold, respectively for Na+ and Cl-), indicating that efficient mechanisms may take place in order to protect seeds from the harmful accumulation of salt. In addition, the higher selectivity for K+ vs. Na+ within seeds as compared to fruits seemed to be a determining factor in germination capacity of this species.
Results of Evolution Supervised by Genetic Algorithms
Authors: JÄNTSCHI Lorentz , BOLBOACĂ Sorana D. , BĂLAN Mugur C. , SESTRAS Radu E. , DIUDEA Mircea V.
Published: April 2018

The efficiency of a genetic algorithm is frequently assessed using a series of operators of evolution like crossover operators, mutation operators or other dynamic parameters. The present paper aimed to review the main results of evolution supervised by genetic algorithms used to identify solutions to agricultural and horticultural hard problems and to discuss the results of using a genetic algorithms on structure-activity relationships in terms of behavior of evolution supervised by genetic algorithms. A genetic algorithm had been developed and implemented in order to identify the optimal solution in term of estimation power of a multiple linear regression approach for structure-activity relationships. Three survival and three selection strategies (proportional, deterministic and tournament) were investigated in order to identify the best survival-selection strategy able to lead to the model with higher estimation power. The Molecular Descriptors Family for structure characterization of a sample of 206 polychlorinated biphenyls with measured octanol-water partition coefficients was used as case study. Evolution using different selection and survival strategies proved to create populations of genotypes living in the evolution space with different diversity and variability. Under a series of criteria of comparisons these populations proved to be grouped and the groups were showed to be statistically different one to each other. The conclusions about genetic algorithm evolution according to a number of criteria were also highlighted.
The Effect of Different Temperatures and Durations on the Dormancy Breaking of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) Seeds
Authors: BASBAG Mehmet , AYDIN Ali , AYZIT Davut
Published: April 2018

In order to break seed dormancy, different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90o C) and durations (10, 20 and 30 minutes) were applied to black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) seeds, in the Seed Laboratory of Dicle University - Faculty of Agriculture in 2009. According to the research results, the highest germination rate for black locust seeds was obtained in the case of 90o C for 30 minutes pre-treatment (94.5%), whilst the lowest value was obtained for the 40o C for 10 minutes pre-treatment (7.5.0%). For honey locust the highest value was obtained at 50o C for 30 minutes (25.5%) and the lowest value was obtained in the case of control sample (6.8%).