bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Torta de girassol em suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em pastejo no período seco do ano: desempenho produtivo e viabilidade econômica
Authors: Mesacasa Allan Cristian , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos , Zervoudakis Luciana Keiko Hatamoto , Cabral Luciano da Silva , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves de , Leonel Fernando de Paula , Silva Renata Pereira da , Silva Rafael Ferrato Gonçalves da
Published: April 2013

Objetivou-se avaliar níveis de inclusão da torta de girassol no lugar de farelo de soja, em suplementos múltiplos para bovinos, em pastejo, no período seco do ano, sobre o desempenho produtivo e viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizados 20 novilhos, Nelore, não castrados, com idade e peso médio inicial de 20 meses e 330,29kg, respectivamente, distribuídos em quatro piquetes de 1,6 ha cada, formados por Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. O experimento foi composto por três períodos experimentais de 28 dias cada. Os tratamentos consistiram na inclusão da torta de girassol em níveis crescentes de: zero, 270, 540g/kg de suplemento, e uma mistura composta apenas por sal mineral ad libitum (controle). Os suplementos foram formulados para serem isoproteicos (25% PB) e fornecidos na quantidade de 1,5kg/animal/dia. As disponibilidades de matéria seca total e pontencialmente digestível foram de 2.248 e 1591kg MS/ha respectivamente. O experimento foi estruturado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Observou-se efeito significativo dos níveis de inclusão da torta de girassol em relação ao suplemento controle sobre o ganho médio diário (GMD). Economicamente, a inclusão da torta de girassol, em até 100% de substituição ao farelo de soja, não afetou o retorno financeiro e destacou-se como uma fonte de proteína viável para alimentação de bovinos na fase de recria.
Resposta superovulatória de caprinos da raça Boer submetidos a produtos com diferentes relações FSH:LH
Authors: Chalhoub Marcos , Portela Ana Paula Mota , Feitosa Leandro Moreira de Castro , Araujo Endrigo Adonis Braga , Oliveira Sidnei Nunes de , Rodrigues Alexandra Soares , Loiola Marcus Vinícius Galvão , Andrade Bruno Henrique de Araújo , Ferraz Priscila Assis , Ribeiro Filho Antonio de Lisboa
Published: April 2013

Objetivou-se averiguar a eficiência e padrões na resposta superovulatória de caprinos da raça Boer submetidos a produtos com diferentes relações FSH:LH. Foram utilizadas 43 fêmeas caprinas da raça Boer. Em um dia aleatório do ciclo estral, os animais receberam metade de um implante de progesterona (Crestar®). No dia 11, iniciou-se o estímulo à superovulação por meio da utilização do FSH fracionado em seis doses decrescentes administradas a cada 12 horas e os animais foram separados em dois grupos: o grupo I (GI, n=22) recebeu 200mg de FSH (Folltropin®) por via intramuscular (i.m.) nos dias D11 (62,5mg), D12 (35,0mg) e D13 (2,5mg), enquanto o grupo II (GII, n=21) recebeu 300UI de FSH (Pluset®) por via i.m. nos dias D11 (75UI), D12 (50UI) e D13 (25UI). Nas 60 e 72h após o início da superovulação foram retirados os implantes, e aplicaram-se duas doses de 125µg de Cloprostenol (Ciosin®) por via intravulvosubmucosa em todos os animais. Doze, 24 e 36 horas após a remoção dos implantes, as fêmeas foram colocadas com quatro reprodutores para serem cobertas. No D16, os implantes foram reinseridos e, nas 24h antes da coleta dos embriões, retiraram-se os implantes, e administrou-se 125µg de Cloprostenol i.m. a cada animal. Os embriões foram coletados no D21, selecionados e classificados. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo mostraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos, quanto ao número de estruturas recuperadas, embriões viáveis, embriões degenerados e estruturas não fertilizadas. Portanto, as diferentes relações FSH:LH avaliadas não afetaram a produção e a qualidade de embriões.
Role of the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle in Paraquat Tolerance of Rice
Authors: Tseng Tai-You , Ou Jen-Fu , Wang Ching-Yuh
Published: April 2013

Out of 1,343 mutant lines of rice mutated by sodium azide from the parental Japonica-type variety ‘Tainung 67’ (TNG67), a paraquat-susceptible line 1192 and a paraquat-tolerant line 72 were selected using whole seedlings at the four-leaf stage and leaf segments at the tillering stage as test materials. Further selection from progenies of these two mutant lines yielded the susceptible 1192-11 (S) and tolerant 72-16 (T), which were studied herein. Chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation were measured for leaf segments of rice following treatment with 0.1 mM paraquat. A comparison of these responses among the three rice lines (TNG67, 72-16, and 1192-11), revealed a higher tolerance to paraquat in the tolerant mutant line 72-16 and the parental variety TNG67 than in the susceptible mutant 1192-11. Analysis of the antioxidative system in paraquat-treated leaf segments showed that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and the ratio of GSH to total glutathione increased by 3.5-fold within 6 h after treatment (HAT) and up to 5-fold 9 HAT in the T line, as compared with the S line. In view of the high activities of both dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in paraquat-treated leaves of TNG67 and the T line, the antioxidative effect of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle is hereby proposed to play an essential role in paraquat tolerance of rice. Pretreatment of rice segments with spermine enhanced DHAR and GR activities as well as paraquat tolerance of the S line. These results suggest that the activity of ascorbate–glutathione cycle induced by spermine is involved in rice tolerance to this herbicide. Although kinetics studies showed no significant difference among the three rice lines in paraquat inhibition of GR, a lower affinity of enzyme to substrate (Km) in TNG67 and the T line and a higher maximal reaction rate (Vmax) in the T line for the oxidized glutathione substrate (GSSG) were detected. These observations further implicate the importance of glutathione reductase in paraquat tolerance of rice.
Stress analysis without meshing: isogeometric boundary-element method
Authors: Lian Haojie , Simpson Robert N. , Bordas Stéphane P. A.
Published: April 2013

The focus of this paper is the description and numerical validation of a computational method where stress analysis can be performed directly from computer-aided design data without mesh generation. The clear benefit of the approach is that no mesh needs to be generated prior to running the analysis. This is achieved by utilising the isogeometric concept whereby computer-aided design data are used to construct not only the geometry discretisation but also the displacement and traction approximations. In this manner, significant savings can be made in the engineering design and analysis process. This paper also demonstrates that, compared with a standard boundary-element method implementation using quadratic Lagrangian shape functions, superior accuracy is achieved using the present approach for the same number of degrees of freedom. It further illustrates practical applications of the method, comparing against results obtained with a standard boundary-element method and finite-element method for verification. In addition, a propeller is analysed as a sample to show the ability of the present method to handle complex three-dimensional geometries.
Demography and growth of subadult savanna trees: interactions of life history, size, fire season, and grassy understory
Authors: Werner Patricia A. , Prior Lynda D.
Published: April 2013

Tree populations in mesic (>650 mm precipitation/yr) savannas of the world have strong demographic bottlenecks to the transition of subadult trees to the canopy layer. Although such bottlenecks are a major determinant of savanna physiognomy, the factors that allow subadults to traverse the bottleneck are little studied. In a landscape‐scale field experiment in a northern Australia savanna, we determined the survival and growth of 1506 permanently marked juveniles (<150 cm tall) and saplings (150–599 cm tall) of canopy species in response to season of fire (early dry season, late dry season, wet season, and unburned), and understory type (herbaceous forbs vs. sorghum [native annual grass]) that differ in seasonal growth patterns and competitive regimes. Trees were assessed before fires and at the end of the following growing season, without repeat fires. We used Akaike‐information‐criterion‐based model selection and multi‐model inference for data analyses. Initial height was an important explanatory variable for all responses except genet mortality wherein fire season was important for juveniles and understory type for saplings. Fire season was important to height growth of large juveniles and small saplings (enhanced the year following dry‐season fires). Fire season × understory interactions were important for height growth of small juveniles and for the proportion of juveniles transitioning to saplings. Changes in stem numbers were affected by all explanatory variables. All fires topkilled most juveniles (fewer in early dry‐season fires in herbaceous understory), but genet death was rare. Late dry‐season fires topkilled most saplings; they failed to regain previous height and some died the following year. Given no further fires, persistent large juveniles can grow to sapling size within a year; whereas sapling success is severely hampered by late‐dry‐season fires, especially in grassy understory. Differences in seasonal phenological patterns of both understory vegetation and trees that vary with size and life history stage are among suggested explanatory mechanisms. Weighted averaged model coefficients for all responses to the explanatory variables are provided for use in population dynamics models. A conceptual framework links landscape‐scale variables to tree attributes and responses, with implications for population ecology and community assembly.
Maize Nutrient Accumulation and Partitioning in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Rate: I. Macronutrients
Authors: Ciampitti Ignacio A. , Camberato Jim J. , Murrell Scott T. , Vyn Tony J.
Published: April 2013

Understanding nutrient balances in changing cropping systems is critical to appropriately adjust agronomic recommendations and inform breeding efforts to increase nutrient efficiencies. Research to determine the season‐long P, K, and S uptake and partitioning dynamics in maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by low, medium, and high plant density (PD) and N rate factors and their interactions was conducted over four site‐years in Indiana. Plant nutrient contents at maturity responded predominantly to N rate. Relative nutrient contents at silking compared with those at maturity were 47% for P, 100% for K, and 58% for S. Concentrations of P, K, and S varied less in leaf vs. stem (vegetative stage) and in ear vs. shoot (reproductive stage). Equivalent stoichiometric ratios were documented for N and S partitioning in leaf, stem, and ear components. The PD and N rate treatments did not modify P, K, and S nutrient partitioning to plant components during vegetative or reproductive periods (except for an N rate effect on leaf vs. stem P partitioning). Near silking, relative nutrient partitioning to the ear followed the order P > S > K. This mimicked the nutrient harvest indices observed at maturity, suggesting genetic modulation. Ratios of N to P, K, and S in whole‐plant tissues were influenced by N content changes in response to N rate but not by PD. As the season progressed, PD and N rates changed the absolute P, K, and S quantities (primarily reflecting biomass responses) but had little influence on nutrient ratios.
Distribution of moisture and salinity under deficit irrigation and irrigation water salinity in an alternative trickle irrigation system of tape
Authors: Abedi-Koupai Jahangir , Khoshravesh Mojtaba , Zanganeh Mohammad Ebrahim
Published: April 2013

This study was performed to investigate the horizontal and vertical distribution of soil moisture and salinity using an alternative trickle irrigation system of drip tape. Four main treatments consisting of 100, 80, 70, and 60% of the plants’ water requirements and three sub-treatments of 2.1, 4.6, and 10.2 dS/m, were conducted. Following irrigation, the soil moisture and salinity distribution around the emitters were measured every 24 h. The results showed that the accumulation of salts in the soil reduced the evaporation from the soil surface in treatments with high salinity. Therefore, in treatments with a low plant water requirement and high salinity levels, the volume of water in the soil is greater than in treatments with a high plant water requirement and low salinity levels. Although the crop yield is reduced with deficit irrigation, the saved water can be used to increase the area under cultivation, leading to increases in the overall crop yield.
Direct potable reclamation in Windhoek: a critical review of the design philosophy of new Goreangab drinking water reclamation plant
Authors: du Pisani P. , Menge J. G.
Published: April 2013

Direct drinking water reclamation from the Goreangab reclamation plant, has been a reality in Windhoek, Namibia since 1968. Potable reclamation is a fixed part of the water supply and waste water has become an indispensible resource for the survival and continued growth of the city. The multi barrier concepts that were applied 40 years ago have been refined over many years. Improvements in water treatment technology have made it possible to improve the reliability and the drinking water quality of the reclamation treatment process. With the latest upgrade, which was designed 14 years ago and commissioned in 2002, a specific design philosophy was followed. This paper will assess whether the objectives of the design philosophy have been met in terms of removal efficiencies and safety of drinking water, which contains at present 25% reclaimed water. The basis and aims of the multi barrier design that was applied is discussed and with the aid of natural organic matter (NOM) and microorganism removal, the reliability of the philosophy is tested and compared with the goals set. Comparisons are drawn between the new plant and the previous plant and how the new plant is able to accommodate changes in raw water quality. It can be concluded that the water quality has been improved and the barrier principle does reduce the risk and improve the water quality.
Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution using low cost adsorbent
Authors: Buamah R. , Mensah R. Asare , Salifu A.
Published: April 2013

High fluoride levels beyond the recommended value of 1.5 mg/L have been detected in several groundwater wells in Northern Ghana. This occurrence has led to the capping of many high yielding wells that hitherto have been major sources of drinking water for the populace in these arid areas. Most of the fluoride removal technologies applied in the area has not been versatile in effectively removing fluoride because of the varying water qualities. This study focused on screening adsorbents including high aluminium or iron containing bauxite ores, fabricated zeolite and activated Neem seeds for removal of fluoride from drinking water. The model water used was prepared by simulating the prevailing groundwater quality in Northern Ghana. The high aluminium bauxite ore (HABO) had the highest fluoride removal capacity. Within the pH range tested (5–7), the fluoride removal decreased with increasing pH. Occurrence of sulfate, chloride and nitrate in the model water reduced the fluoride removal capacity by 57, 24 and 38% respectively. The combined effect of these anions showed a 60% reduction in the fluoride removal capacity. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms gave an adsorption capacity (K) of 0.90 mg/g for the HABO. The adsorption kinetics fitted well the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The HABO is thermally stable and has kaolinite [Al2Si2O5(OH)5] and gibbsite [Al(OH)3] as its major components. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) results showed Al, Fe, Ti, O, C and Si as the predominant elements in the HABO.
Micro-component survey of residential water consumption in Hanoi
Authors: Otaki Y. , Otaki M. , Bao P. N. , Nga T. T. V. , Aramaki T.
Published: April 2013

Daily total water consumption per capita has been used as a basic unit for the future planning of water supply for domestic use. However, for innovative water utilization designs that consider various scenarios, including the effects of policy direction and global warming, and more strategic and efficient water use, it is absolutely essential to consider water usage divided by residential activities, such as toilet flushing, cooking, clothes washing, and bathing. We collected micro-component data by direct measurement from each household outlet, and developed small accumulative meters. Measurements were conducted at 56 households for 2 months in Hanoi, Vietnam, and the average consumption was 18.6 L/p/d for toilet, 16.2 L/p/d for laundry, 10.4 L/p/d for bath, and 15.7 L/p/d for kitchen. We then analyzed the representative values and the distribution of water consumption for every usage from social and economic perspectives. In addition, we compared the results in Hanoi with those in Chiang Mai, Thailand, where we investigated water consumption a few years ago, and their value seemed similar except for bathroom use, but the substance was different. One distinct outcome of our investigation was the recognition of the cultural and methodological challenges to end-use assessment of water consumption in modernizing Asian communities.
A decision support procedure for integrative management of dammed raw water reservoirs
Authors: Slavik I. , Uhl W. , Skibinski B. , Rolinski S. , Petzoldt T. , Benndorf J. , Scheifhacken N. , Paul L. , Funke M. , Lohr H. , Völker J. , Borchardt D.
Published: April 2013

Dammed drinking water reservoirs with their catchment areas and the downstream rivers are dynamic systems that change permanently under the influence of many factors. Their multifunctional use for drinking water supply, flood control, energy production, nature conservation and recreation as well as ecological constraints for the rivers downstream requires an integrative management considering and balancing between different requirements. Thus, an optimal reservoir management has to take into account scenarios of external influences and must be based on predictions of prospective raw water qualities. Furthermore, the impacts of short- and long-term changes of the raw water quality on drinking water treatment have to be considered. The problem is very complex and cannot be solved intuitively but requires the application of hydrological, ecological and process models. This approach was followed in the work presented here, as a tool to predict and evaluate the impacts of different reservoir management strategies in an integrative way is currently not available. The developed decision support procedure (DSP) allows for the estimation of the effects of different hydrological and water quantity management scenarios on raw water quality, water processing costs and ecology in the downstream river. Extreme hydrological events or changing boundary conditions (e.g. climate change) are taken into account.
Haloacetic acid degradation by a biofilm in a simulated drinking water distribution system
Authors: Pluchon C. , Sérodes J. B. , Berthiaume C. , Charette S. J. , Gilbert Y. , Filion G. , Fournier-Larente J. , Rodriguez M. , Duchaine C.
Published: April 2013

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are disinfection by-products formed as a result of the reaction between chlorine and natural organic matter found in water. HAA concentrations have been observed to decrease at distribution system extremities. This decrease is associated with microbiological degradation by pipe wall biofilm. The objective of this study was to evaluate HAA degradation in a drinking water system in the presence of a biofilm and to identify the factors that influence this degradation. Degradation of dichloracetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was observed in a simulated distribution system. The results obtained showed that different parameters came into play simultaneously in the degradation of HAAs, including retention time, water temperature, biomass, composition of organic matter, and pipe diameter. Seasonal variations had a major effect on HAA degradation and biomass quantity was lower by 1 to 2 logs in the winter and spring compared with the fall. HAA removal decreased with increasingly large pipe diameters. The specific effects of each of these factors were difficult to isolate from each other owing to interactions.
Characterization of the inline virus removal performances in hollow fibre modules by a new tracer electrochemically detected
Authors: Soussan L. , Alquier M. , Guigui C. , Alfenore S. , Mathe S. , Cabassud C.
Published: April 2013

In a previous work, an innovative and patented method was presented, that is based on a new virus surrogate. This surrogate is an enzyme-labelled MS2 phage that is directly detectable and quantifiable by amperometry thanks to its induced enzymatic activity. In this work, this method was used to characterize the dynamics of virus removal in micromodules as a function of the membrane defect size and the transmembrane pressure (TMP). Experiments were performed at lab scale with an integer module and with modules made with the same fibres with calibrated holes (50, 100, 150 μm) made in one of the module fibres with the laser method. Results showed first that the new method allowed diagnosing a 50 μm hole on the fibre of a micromodule. It was also demonstrated that, whatever the applied TMP, removal performances are all the more better that the defect size is smaller. Moreover, whatever the hole size, a TMP step rise from 1 to 1.5 bar during tracer filtration led to no significant change in the observed removal but improved the intrinsic removal performances.
Estimation of surface water quality in a Yazoo River tributary using the duration curve and recurrence interval approach
Authors: Ouyang Ying , Parajuli Prem B. , Marion Daniel A.
Published: April 2013

Pollution of surface water with harmful chemicals and eutrophication of rivers and lakes with excess nutrients are serious environmental concerns. This study estimated surface water quality in a stream within the Yazoo River Basin (YRB), Mississippi, USA, using the duration curve and recurrence interval analysis techniques. Data from the US Geological Survey (USGS) surface water monitoring station located in Deer Creek east of Leland from the YRB were selected for the analysis. Results showed that the water quality constituents, namely water temperature, specific conductivity (SC) and dissolved oxygen (DO), in this stream were found not to be the major concerns as the percentages of the time when these constituents did not meet their criteria were very low. Our results further revealed that the water temperature and SC increased as time elapsed, indicating the potential global warming and contamination impacts in this stream. In contrast, the DO and pH decreased as time elapsed, postulating a potential increase in biochemical oxygen demand and an acidic trend in this stream. Over the last decade, the average recurrence intervals when the water temperature, SC, and DO did not meet their criteria or minimum conditions were around 1 year. Using a target DO value of 429 kg d−1 proposed by the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, results from this study showed that there was about 25% of the time when the DO load did not meet the target value. This study suggests that the duration curve and recurrence interval analysis techniques are useful statistical tools for water quality trend estimation.
Mechano-chemical ageing of PES/PVP ultrafiltration membranes used in drinking water production
Authors: Pellegrin B. , Gaudichet-Maurin E. , Causserand C.
Published: April 2013

In water treatment by microfiltration and ultrafiltration, a major concern is the integrity loss or failure of membrane induced by onsite operations, potentially leading to permeate water contamination. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the phenomena responsible for membrane damage by analyzing its causes and effects. The role of sodium hypochlorite exposure conditions and the impact of mechanical stress on membrane characteristics were investigated. Monitoring of hydraulic response, mechanical properties and the evolution of the chemical structure showed, on multiple scales, strong indications of membrane chemical degradation, involving radical mechanisms, accelerated by tensile stress application.
nema
Authors: Ruzic Vladislava
Published: April 2013

nema
Lower paleolithic site Kremenac near the village Rujnik (Serbia)
Authors: Saric Josip
Published: April 2013

The site Kremenac has been known for decades as a location where large
quantity of raw material for production of the chipped stone artifacts had
been found. Only the excavations in 1995 and 1996 defined to a certain extent
the artifacts, which indicated by their morphology the Lower Paleolithic date
of this site. Because of the impossibility to study for the time being the
material from the excavations this work deals with the surface chance finds,
which are typologically and even more morphologically distinctive and on the
basis of which it is possible to indicate the exceptional early date and
importance of this site.
Late neolithic pottery standardization: Application of statistical analyses
Authors: Vukovic Jasna
Published: April 2013

This paper defines the notion of standardization, presents the methodological
approach to analysis, points to the problems and limitation arising in
examination of materials from archaeological excavations, and presents the
results of the analysis of coefficients of variation of metric parameters of
the Late Neolithic vessels recovered at the sites of Vinca and Motel Slatina.
Particular ceramic forms in the central Balkan and northern shores of the Aegean sea in the late bronze age
Authors: Bulatovic Aleksandar
Published: April 2013

This paper deals with the appearance and development of particular ceramic
forms that were prevalent on the wider territory from the lower Danube to the
northern shores of the Aegean sea during the middle and Late Bronze Age.
These forms relate to globular beakers, pear shaped vessels with everted rims
with arch shaped handles, cups with handles with plastic applications on
their upper surface, etc. Particular attention is devoted to the phenomenon
of globular beakers of the LBA in the valleys of Varder, Mesta and Struma
rivers. All information collected primarily through analysis of
stylistic-typological characteristics of ceramics of the middle and Late
Bronze Age - that took into account ritual burials, layout of settlements,
trade routes and climactic conditions during that period - points to
population movements from the north to the south already by the LBA, i.e. in
15th century BC. These movements contributed to the creation of particular
cultural groups in the LBA in the central Balkans, such as the Brnjica
cultural group. However, these movements cannot be clearly linked to the
so-called Aegean Migration, and for this reason their character and
chronology are subject to debate. Ultimately it can be concluded that beakers
of the Zimnicea -Cherkovna-Plovdiv type appeared in the late Bronze Age in
the Vlasine depression and the Danube valley through the evolution of beaker
forms of cultural groups of earlier periods. Almost contemporaneously, during
LBA, a variant of this ceramic form, richly ornamented (mostly with spirals)
and similar in manner to the cultural group Dubovac-Zuto Brdo-Grla Mare-
Krna, appeared in the LBA culture in northern Greece. Clearly this stylistic
mannerism, with spirals as characteristic elements, spread relatively quickly
through successive migrations in the period of 15th-14th century BC, toward
the south of the Balkan Peninsula, thus covering the wider territory from the
southern tip of the Carpathian mountains down to the northern shores of the
Aegean Sea. Participants in those migrations are in fact representatives of
cultural groups that were created in the northern Balkan Peninsula during the
16th and 15th centuries BC through the breakdown of Vatic culture. As the
result of pressures from the north and north-west they headed south,
contributing to the creation and development of cultural groups on the
territory of the central Balkans. The final destination of the migrations
were the valleys of the Mesta, Struma and Vardar rivers where, starting in
the 15th century BC, a noticeable foreign cultural influence can be felt that
became most pronounced during 14th century BC.
Astragal und eiförmige motive auf Stuckdekor der Wandmalerei Sirmiums
Authors: Rogic Dragana , Nikolic Emilija , Jesretic Miroslav
Published: April 2013

Im Laufe arch?ologischer Ausgrabungen 1977 kamen in Sremska Mitrovica, auf
der Fundstelle Nr. 56, in einem Geb?ude, dessen Grundriss und Typ nicht
festgestellt werden konnten, neben anderen Funden auch mehrere Fragmente an
Stuckdekoration zutage. In dieser Studie werden ihre Elemente parallel zu
?hnlichen Motiven, die auf anderen in Sirmium gefundenen Wandmalereien
auftreten, betrachtet.
Wall painting of Late Antique tombs in Sirmium and its Vicinity
Authors: Popovic Ivana
Published: April 2013

In the east and northwest necropoles of Sirmium were discovered painted tombs
which were not published until now. Painting in them is from the 4th century.
The grave next to the north-west wall of basilica of St. Iraeneus (east
necropolis) was painted with tied garlands and stem, and partly saved
frescoes from the tomb around the basilica of St. Sineros (north-west
necropolis) point to the conclusion that this is a funeral procession, the
scene which is represented in its entirety in the tomb in neighboring Beska.
These three tombs belong to the pagan population of Sirmium and its vicinity.
On the west wall of the tomb in Mike Antica Street (periphery of the east
necropolis) is represented the motif of scales with fillings, while on its
south and north wall are represented the episodes from Jonah?s cycle.
Painting in the tomb shows that the buried person was a Christian. Of
Christian character is also the burial in the tomb from the village Calma,
not far from Sirmium. On its longitudinal walls is schematically represented
the railing, made of parts between which there were the columns carrying the
herms, and which has the symbolical meaning of the ?railing of Paradise?.
Femoral Neck Stress Fracture
Authors: Konetsky Michael , Miller Joseph , Tripp Courtney
Published: April 2013

The patient was a 19-year-old woman who recently completed a military basic training program. She was evaluated by a physical therapist in a direct-access capacity for a chief complaint of anterior right hip pain that limited her ability to run. Due to the limited sensitivity of radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging of the right hip was obtained, which revealed a stress fracture of the right distal femoral neck.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(4):275. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0407
Adoption and profitability of BARI lentil varieties in some selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MS , Hossain MA , Sarker MJU , Bakr MA
Published: April 2013

Lentil is an important pulse crop widely grown in Bangladesh. It ranks first among the pulses in terms of area and consumers preference. BARI has developed many improved lentil varieties and disseminated to the farmers fields. The up-to-date information regarding adoption and financial profitability of this crop are unknown to the researchers and policymakers. Therefore, the study was conducted in Jhenaidah and Jessore districts to determine the adoption status and profitability of BARI lentil production and to examine the factors affecting the yield of BARI lentil during 2010-2011. Cobb-Douglas production function was used. The study revealed that 98% of the total lentil cultivated areas were occupied by BARI lentil varieties in the study areas. The average level of adoption of BARI Masur-3, BARI Masur-4, BARI Masur-5 and BARI Masur-6 were 49%, 47%, 1% and 1%, respectively at farm level. The cultivation of BARI lentil was profitable to the farmers since the per hectare total cost, gross return and net return of BARI lentil cultivation were Tk 52,734, Tk 80,572 and Tk 27,838, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that seed, urea, mechanical power cost and pesticides had positive effect on the yield of lentil production. Unavailability of latest BARI lentil seed, lack of technical know-how, lack of training, and diseases (root rot and stemphylium blight) were the main constraints to BARI lentil cultivation at farm level. BARI Masur-3 and BARI Masur-4 were the highly adopted varieties. The lentil production was profitable to the farmers in the study areas DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14384 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 593-606, December 2012
Performance of twelve mango cultivars grown in different agroecological zones of Bangladesh
Authors: Kobra K , Hossain MA , Talukder MAH , Bhuyan MAJ
Published: April 2013

Twelve commercial and promising mango cultivars were evaluated at three agroecological zones of Bangladesh viz., Akbarpur (AEZ 29), Chapai Nawabgonj (AEZ 11), and Gazipur (AEZ 28) during 2006-07 to investigate their regional adaptability. Cultivars included in the experiment were Ashwina, BARI Aam-1, Bombai, Deori, Fazli, Gopalbhog, Kalia, Khirsapat, Langra, Lata Bombai, Rani Passand, and Surjapuri. The plants were transplanted in the field during July 1993. Tree volume was the maximum (79.78 m3) in Khirsapat and the minimum in Lata Bombai (21.92 m3). Langra had the highest percentage of perfect flower (27%), while the lowest was in Deori and Kalia (5%). The earliest and latest fruit was harvested from BARI Aam-1 and Ashwina, respectively, at all locations. All the cultivars were harvested 3-5 and 8-10 days earlier at Akbarpur and Gazipur, respectively, compared to that at Chapai Nawabgonj. The highest individual fruit weight was obtained from Fazli at all locations, while Gopalbhog (130 g) had the lowest fruit weight at Akbarpur and Surjapuri at Chapai Nawabgonj (172 g) and Gazipur (140 g). Total soluble solids content was reasonably high in all the cultivars at each location (around 20%) except Ashwina, Lata Bombai, and Surjapuri which contained around 16% TSS. Lata Bombai was highly susceptible to anthracnose, floral malformation, and stem-end-rot at almost all the locations. Other cultivars showed low to medium susceptibility to all these diseases. The highest and lowest fruit producing cultivars were Khirsapat (206) and Lata Bombai (106) at Gazipur, while Rani Passand (196) and Bombai, Lata Bombai (92) at Akbarpur but at Chapai Nawabgonj, these were Langra (325) and Deori (117), respectively. Cultivar Fazli (83.61 kg) was the highest yielder by weight, while Lata Bombai (18.35 kg) was the lowest. Among the locations, Chapai Nawabgonj was the most favourable for plant growth, perfect flower production, and yield, and least favourable for pests and diseases. The overall result of the experiment indicated that good quality mango could also be grown successfully under Akbarpur and Gazipur conditions adopting appropriate variety like Khirsapat. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14394 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 691-710, December 2012
Quantification of Right and Left Ventricular Function in Cardiac MR Imaging: Comparison of Semiautomatic and Manual Segmentation Algorithms
Authors: Souto Miguel , Masip Lambert , Couto Miguel , Suárez-Cuenca Jorge , Martínez Amparo , Tahoces Pablo , Carreira Jose , Croisille Pierre
Published: April 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a semiautomatic segmentation method for the anatomical and functional assessment of both ventricles from cardiac cine magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, reducing user interaction to a “mouse-click”. Fifty-two patients with cardiovascular diseases were examined using a 1.5-T MR imaging unit. Several parameters of both ventricles, such as end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF), were quantified by an experienced operator using the conventional method based on manually-defined contours, as the standard of reference; and a novel semiautomatic segmentation method based on edge detection, iterative thresholding and region growing techniques, for evaluation purposes. No statistically significant differences were found between the two measurement values obtained for each parameter (p > 0.05). Correlation to estimate right ventricular function was good (r > 0.8) and turned out to be excellent (r > 0.9) for the left ventricle (LV). Bland-Altman plots revealed acceptable limits of agreement between the two methods (95%). Our study findings indicate that the proposed technique allows a fast and accurate assessment of both ventricles. However, further improvements are needed to equal results achieved for the right ventricle (RV) using the conventional methodology.
Hybrid Predictive Models for Accurate Forecasting in PV Systems
Authors: Ogliari Emanuele , Grimaccia Francesco , Leva Sonia , Mussetta Marco
Published: April 2013

The accurate forecasting of energy production from renewable sources represents an important topic also looking at different national authorities that are starting to stimulate a greater responsibility towards plants using non-programmable renewables. In this paper the authors use advanced hybrid evolutionary techniques of computational intelligence applied to photovoltaic systems forecasting, analyzing the predictions obtained by comparing different definitions of the forecasting error.
Experimental Update of the Overtopping Model Used for the Wave Dragon Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Parmeggiani Stefano , Kofoed Jens , Friis-Madsen Erik
Published: April 2013

An overtopping model specifically suited for Wave Dragon is needed in order to improve the reliability of its performance estimates. The model shall be comprehensive of all relevant physical processes that affect overtopping and flexible to adapt to any local conditions and device configuration. An experimental investigation is carried out to update an existing formulation suited for 2D draft-limited, low-crested structures, in order to include the effects on the overtopping flow of the wave steepness, the 3D geometry of Wave Dragon, the wing reflectors, the device motions and the non-rigid connection between platform and reflectors. The study is carried out in four phases, each of them specifically targeted at quantifying one of these effects through a sensitivity analysis and at modeling it through custom-made parameters. These are depending on features of the wave or the device configuration, all of which can be measured in real-time. Instead of using new fitting coefficients, this approach allows a broader applicability of the model beyond the Wave Dragon case, to any overtopping WEC or structure within the range of tested conditions. Predictions reliability of overtopping over Wave Dragon increased, as the updated model allows improved accuracy and precision respect to the former version.
Identifying Land Use/Cover Dynamics in the Koga Catchment, Ethiopia, from Multi-Scale Data, and Implications for Environmental Change
Authors: Yeshaneh Eleni , Wagner Wolfgang , Exner-Kittridge Michael , Legesse Dagnachew , Blöschl Günter
Published: April 2013

This study analyzed more than 50 years of land cover and land use changes in the 260 km2 Koga catchment in North Western Ethiopia. The data used includes 1:50,000 scale aerial photographs, Landsat MSS, TM and ETM images, and ASTER images together with ground truth data collected through field surveys and community elders’ interviews. Aerial photographs have high spatial resolution but provide lower spectral resolution than satellite data. While most land use/cover change studies compare changes from different spatial scales, this study applied land use/cover classification techniques to bring the data to a relatively similar scale. The data revealed that woody vegetation decreased from 5,576 ha to 3,012 ha from the 1950s to 2010. Most of the deforestation took place between the 1970s and 1980s, but there is an increasing trend since then. No significant changes were observed in the area used for agriculture that comprises the pastures and crop fields since the 1950s, while there is an enormous increase in the area used for settlement, due to a tremendous increase in population from one point in time to another. The bare lands that used to exist in previous years were found to be totally covered with other land cover/use classes and no bare lands were observed in the study area in the year 2010. Population pressure and land use policies were found to be reasons for the changes in land use/cover while soil degradation, decrease in the indigenous woody vegetation and erosion were the observed consequences of the land use/cover changes.
Plant Nucleotide Binding Site–Leucine-Rich Repeat (NBS-LRR) Genes: Active Guardians in Host Defense Responses
Authors: Marone Daniela , Russo Maria , Laidò Giovanni , De Leonardis Anna , Mastrangelo Anna
Published: April 2013

The most represented group of resistance genes are those of the nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class. These genes are very numerous in the plant genome, and they often occur in clusters at speciﬁc loci following gene duplication and ampliﬁcation events. To date, hundreds of resistance genes and relatively few quantitative trait loci for plant resistance to pathogens have been mapped in different species, with some also cloned. When these NBS-LRR genes have been physically or genetically mapped, many cases have shown co-localization between resistance loci and NBS-LRR genes. This has allowed the identification of candidate genes for resistance, and the development of molecular markers linked to R genes. This review is focused on recent genomics studies that have described the abundance, distribution and evolution of NBS-LRR genes in plant genomes. Furthermore, in terms of their expression, NBS-LRR genes are under fine regulation by cis- and trans-acting elements. Recent findings have provided insights into the roles of alternative splicing, the ubiquitin/ proteasome system, and miRNAs and secondary siRNAs in the regulation of NBS-LRR gene expression at the post-transcriptional, post-translational and epigenetic levels. The possibility to use this knowledge for genetic improvement of plant resistance to pathogens is discussed.
Extraction of Perchlorate Using Porous Organosilicate Materials
Authors: Johnson Brandy , Leska Iwona , Melde Brian , Siefert Ronald , Malanoski Anthony , Moore Martin , Taft Jenna , Deschamps Jeffrey
Published: April 2013

Sorbent materials were developed utilizing two morphological structures, comprising either hexagonally packed pores (HX) or a disordered pore arrangement (CF). The sorbents were functionalized with combinations of two types of alkylammonium groups. When capture of perchlorate by the sorbents was compared, widely varying performance was noted as a result of differing morphology and/or functional group loading. A material providing improved selectivity for perchlorate over perrhenate was synthesized with a CF material using N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride. Materials were applied in batch and column formats. Binding isotherms followed the behavior expected for a system in which univalent ligands of varying affinity compete for immobilized sites. Performance of the sorbents was also compared to that of commercial Purolite materials.
A Novel Hydrazinecarbothioamide as a Potential Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl
Authors: Al-Amiery Ahmed , Kadhum Abdul , Mohamad Abu , Junaedi Sutiana
Published: April 2013

2-(1-methyl-4-((E)-(2-methylbenzylidene)amino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ylidene)-hydrazineecarbothioamide (HCB) was synthesized as a corrosion inhibitor from the reaction of 4-aminoantipyrine, thiosemicarbazide and 2-methylbenzaldehyde. The corrosion inhibitory effects of HCB on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that HCB inhibited mild steel corrosion in acidic solution and inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency was up to 96.5% at 5.0 mM. Changes in the impedance parameters suggested that HCB adsorbed on the surface of mild steel, leading to the formation of a protective film. The novel corrosion inhibitor synthesized in the present study was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data.
Phenotypic MicroRNA Microarrays
Authors: Kwon Yong-Jun , Heo Jin , Kim Hi , Kim Jin , Liuzzi Michel , Soloveva Veronica
Published: April 2013

Microarray technology has become a very popular approach in cases where multiple experiments need to be conducted repeatedly or done with a variety of samples. In our lab, we are applying our high density spots microarray approach to microscopy visualization of the effects of transiently introduced siRNA or cDNA on cellular morphology or phenotype. In this publication, we are discussing the possibility of using this micro-scale high throughput process to study the role of microRNAs in the biology of selected cellular models. After reverse-transfection of microRNAs and siRNA, the cellular phenotype generated by microRNAs regulated NF-κB expression comparably to the siRNA. The ability to print microRNA molecules for reverse transfection into cells is opening up the wide horizon for the phenotypic high content screening of microRNA libraries using cellular disease models.
Host-Viral Interactions: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Human Pneumovirus Infections
Authors: Kolli Deepthi , Velayutham Thangam , Casola Antonella
Published: April 2013

Acute respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the majority of RTIs are caused by viruses, among which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the closely related human metapneumovirus (hMPV) figure prominently. Host innate immune response has been implicated in recognition, protection and immune pathological mechanisms. Host-viral interactions are generally initiated via host recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the virus. This recognition occurs through host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which are expressed on innate immune cells such as epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Multiple PRR families, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), contribute significantly to viral detection, leading to induction of cytokines, chemokines and type I interferons (IFNs), which subsequently facilitate the eradication of the virus. This review focuses on the current literature on RSV and hMPV infection and the role of PRRs in establishing/mediating the infection in both in vitro and in vivo models. A better understanding of the complex interplay between these two viruses and host PRRs might lead to efficient prophylactic and therapeutic treatments, as well as the development of adequate vaccines.