bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN BERMAIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR LOMPAT JAUH GAYA JONGKOK PADA SISWA KELAS 5 SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Prasetyo Koko
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatkan hasil belajar lompat jauh gaya jongkok dengan penerapan pendekatan bermain pada siswa kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sonorejo1 tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Jenis  penelitian yang dipakai adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan pada dua siklus untuk melihat peningkatan hasil belajar dan aktifitas siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran lompat jauh gaya jongkok melalui pendekatan bermain.Subjekdalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sonorejo 1 tahun pelajaran 2015/2016yang berjumlah 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini terdiri dari; tes dan observasi. Data yang dikumpulkan pada setiap kegiatan observasi dari pelaksanaan siklus PTK dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik presentase untuk melihat kecenderungan yang terjadi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.Data hasil belajar lompat jauh gaya jongkok diperoleh melalui tes unjuk kerja, lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data kegiatan siswa di dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran teknik dasar lompat jauh gaya jongkok melalui penerapan pendekatan bermain. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil keterampilan lompat jauh gaya jongkok meningkat dari 36  % pada kondisi awal menjadi 60  % pada akhir siklus I dan meningkat menjadi 84 % pada akhir siklus II. Sedangkan kemampuan siswa dalam melakukan rangkaian gerakan lompat jauh gaya jongkok meningkat  dari 28 % pada kondisi awal menjadi 64 % pada akhir siklus I dan meningkat menjadi 100 % pada akhir siklus II.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa penerapan pendekatan bermain dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar lompat jauh gaya jongkok siswa kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sonorejo 1 tahun pelajaran 2015 /2016.
RETRACTED: An Aberrant Phosphorylation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Tyrosine Regulates Its Trafficking and the Binding to the Clathrin Endocytic Complex in Neural Stem Cells of Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Authors: Poulsen Ebbe T. , Iannuzzi Filomena , Rasmussen Helle F. , Maier Thorsten J. , Enghild Jan J. , Jørgensen Arne L. , Matrone Carmela
Published: March 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is likely caused by defective amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking and processing in neurons leading to amyloid plaques containing the amyloid-β (Aβ) APP peptide byproducts. Understanding how APP is targeted to selected destinations inside neurons and identifying the mechanisms responsible for the generation of Aβ are thus the keys for the advancement of new therapies. We previously developed a mouse model with a mutation at tyrosine (Tyr) 682 in the C-terminus of APP. This residue is needed for APP to bind to the coating protein Clathrin and to the Clathrin adaptor protein AP2 as well as for the correct APP trafficking and sorting in neurons. By extending these findings to humans, we found that APP binding to Clathrin is decreased in neural stem cells from AD sufferers. Increased APP Tyr phosphorylation alters APP trafficking in AD neurons and it is associated to Fyn Tyr kinase activation. We show that compounds affecting Tyr kinase activity and counteracting defects in AD neurons can control APP location and compartmentalization. APP Tyr phosphorylation is thus a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Evaluation of Pectin Extraction Conditions and Polyphenol Profile from Citrus x lantifolia Waste: Potential Application as Functional Ingredients
Authors: Ayora-Talavera Teresa , Ramos-Chan Cristina , Covarrubias-Cárdenas Ana , Sánchez-Contreras Angeles , García-Cruz Ulises , Pacheco L. Neith
Published: March 2017

The citrus by-products pectin and polyphenols were obtained from Citrus x lantifolia residues. The use of acid type, solute-solvent ratio, temperature, and extraction time on pectin yield recovery was evaluated using a factorial design 34; pectin physicochemical characterization, polyphenol profile, and antioxidant activity were also determined. Results indicated a total polyphenol content of 3.92 ± 0.06 mg Galic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g of citrus waste flour in dry basis (DB), with antioxidant activity of 74%. The presence of neohesperidin (0.96 ± 0.09 mg/g of citrus flour DB), hesperidin (0.27 ± 0.0 mg/g of citrus flour DB), and ellagic acid (0.18 ± 0.03 mg/g of citrus flour DB) as major polyphenols was observed. All of the factors evaluated in pectin recovery presented significant effects (p < 0.05), nevertheless the acid type and solute-solvent ratio showed the greatest effect. The highest yield of pectin recovery (36%) was obtained at 90 °C for 90 min, at a ratio of 1:80 (w/v) using citric acid. The evaluation of pectin used as a food ingredient in cookies elaboration, resulted in a reduction of 10% of fat material without significant texture differences (p < 0.05). The pectin extraction conditions and characterization from these residues allowed us to determine the future applications of these materials for use in several commercial applications.
Evaluation of Five Grid Datasets against Radiosonde Data over the Eastern and Downstream Regions of the Tibetan Plateau in Summer
Authors: Dong Yuanchang , Li Guoping , Yuan Meng , Xie Xiaolin
Published: March 2017

In this study, horizontal wind (U and V), air temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH) modelled by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2), and the NCEP Final Operational Global Analysis data and the NCEP Final Operational Global Analysis data (NCEP-FNL) products have been compared with observations at 11 radiosonde stations over the eastern and downstream regions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from late June until the end of July during 2011 to 2015. The mean bias of all variables for the five gridded datasets (GDs) in the Sichuan Basin (SCB) is larger than that for the TP. The mean values of U, V, and T from each grid dataset are generally consistent with the radiosonde values, whereas considerable bias in the mean RH exists at upper levels. The diurnal variation of the mean bias and root-mean-square (RMS) error in the basin are stronger than those in the TP and the negative/positive peak usually occurs at 06:00 UTC and 18:00 UTC in the basin or at 12:00 UTC in the TP. The inter-annual variations in the basin are significantly stronger, and the maximum values of the variations usually occur at upper levels or near the surface, except for V. The weather conditions have a crucial influence on the performance of the gridded datasets. The mean bias and RMS error of T in the TP on cloudy days are obviously larger than those during sunny conditions. Considerable but unsteady differences occur in the mean bias and RMS error of U and V in different weather conditions. On average, the four variables in the TP are more sensible to the weather conditions.
Evaluation of Stability of Amylose Inclusion Complexes Depending on Guest Polymers and Their Application to Supramolecular Polymeric Materials
Authors: Tanaka Tomonari , Tsutsui Atsushi , Tanaka Kazuya , Yamamoto Kazuya , Kadokawa Jun-ichi
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the evaluation of the stability of amylose–polymer inclusion complexes under solution state in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) depending on guest polymers. The three complexes were prepared by the vine-twining polymerization method using polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) as guest polymers. The stability investigation was conducted at desired temperatures (25, 30, 40, 60 °C) in DMSO solutions of the complexes. Consequently, the amylose–PTHF inclusion complex was dissociated at 25 °C, while the other complexes were stable under the same conditions. When the temperatures were elevated, the amylose–PCL and amylose–PLLA complexes were dissociated at 40 and 60 °C, respectively. We also found that amylose inclusion supramolecular polymers which were prepared by the vine-twining polymerization using primer-guest conjugates formed films by the acetylation of amylose segments. The film from acetylated amylose–PLLA supramolecular polymer had higher storage modulus than that from acetylated amylose–PTHF supramolecular polymer, as a function of temperature.
Nearly Zero Energy Standard for Non-Residential Buildings with high Energy Demands—An Empirical Case Study Using the State-Related Properties of BAVARIA
Authors: Keltsch Michael , Lang Werner , Auer Thomas
Published: March 2017

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2010 calls for the Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) Standard for new buildings from 2021 onwards: Buildings using “almost no energy” are powered by renewable sources or by the energy produced by the building itself. For residential buildings, this ambitious new standard has already been reached. But for other building types, this goal is still far away. The potential of these buildings to meet a nZEB Standard was investigated by analyzing ten case studies, representing non-residential buildings with different uses. The analysis shows that the primary characteristics common to critical building types are a dense building context with a very high degree of technical installation (such as hospital, research, and laboratory buildings). The large primary energy demand of these types of buildings cannot be compensated by building- and property-related energy generation, including off-site renewables. If the future nZEB Standard were to be defined with lower requirements because of this, the state-related properties of Bavaria suggest that the real potential energy savings available in at least 85% of all new buildings would be insufficiently exploited. Therefore, it would be more useful to individualize the legal energy verification process for new buildings, to distinguish critical building types such as laboratories and hospitals from the other building types.
An Overview of Pesticide Monitoring at Environmental Samples Using Carbon Nanotubes-Based Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Wong Ademar , Silva Tiago , Caetano Fábio , Bergamini Márcio , Marcolino-Junior Luiz , Fatibello-Filho Orlando , Janegitz Bruno
Published: March 2017

Carbon nanotubes have received enormous attention in the development of electrochemical sensors by promoting electron transfer reactions, decreasing the work overpotential within great surface areas. The growing concerns about environmental health emphasized the necessity of continuous monitoring of pollutants. Pesticides have been successfully used to control agricultural and public health pests; however, intense use can cause a number of damages for biodiversity and human health. In this sense, carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical sensors have been proposed for pesticide monitoring combining different electrode modification strategies and electroanalytical techniques. In this paper, we provide a review of the recent advances in the use of carbon nanotubes for the construction of electrochemical sensors dedicated to the environmental monitoring of pesticides. Future directions, perspectives, and challenges are also commented.
Pulse Detonation Assessment for Alternative Fuels
Authors: Azami Muhammad Hanafi , Savill Mark
Published: March 2017

The higher thermodynamic efficiency inherent in a detonation combustion based engine has already led to considerable interest in the development of wave rotor, pulse detonation, and rotating detonation engine configurations as alternative technologies offering improved performance for the next generation of aerospace propulsion systems, but it is now important to consider their emissions also. To assess both performance and emissions, this paper focuses on the feasibility of using alternative fuels in detonation combustion. Thus, the standard aviation fuels Jet-A, Acetylene, Jatropha Bio-synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene, Camelina Bio-synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene, Algal Biofuel, and Microalgae Biofuel are all asessed under detonation combustion conditions. An analytical model accounting for the Rankine-Hugoniot Equation, Rayleigh Line Equation, and Zel’dovich–von Neumann–Doering model, and taking into account single step chemistry and thermophysical properties for a stoichiometric mixture, is applied to a simple detonation tube test case configuration. The computed pressure rise and detonation velocity are shown to be in good agreement with published literature. Additional computations examine the effects of initial pressure, temperature, and mass flux on the physical properties of the flow. The results indicate that alternative fuels require higher initial mass flux and temperature to detonate. The benefits of alternative fuels appear significant.
Elastic Spatial Query Processing in OpenStack Cloud Computing Environment for Time-Constraint Data Analysis
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Wen , Zhang Dongying , Meng Lingkui
Published: March 2017

Geospatial big data analysis (GBDA) is extremely significant for time-constraint applications such as disaster response. However, the time-constraint analysis is not yet a trivial task in the cloud computing environment. Spatial query processing (SQP) is typical computation-intensive and indispensable for GBDA, and the spatial range query, join query, and the nearest neighbor query algorithms are not scalable without using MapReduce-liked frameworks. Parallel SQP algorithms (PSQPAs) are trapped in screw-processing, which is a known issue in Geoscience. To satisfy time-constrained GBDA, we propose an elastic SQP approach in this paper. First, Spark is used to implement PSQPAs. Second, Kubernetes-managed Core Operation System (CoreOS) clusters provide self-healing Docker containers for running Spark clusters in the cloud. Spark-based PSQPAs are submitted to Docker containers, where Spark master instances reside. Finally, the horizontal pod auto-scaler (HPA) would scale-out and scale-in Docker containers for supporting on-demand computing resources. Combined with an auto-scaling group of virtual instances, HPA helps to find each of the five nearest neighbors for 46,139,532 query objects from 834,158 spatial data objects in less than 300 s. The experiments conducted on an OpenStack cloud demonstrate that auto-scaling containers can satisfy time-constraint GBDA in clouds.
Exploring the Functions of 9-Lipoxygenase (DkLOX3) in Ultrastructural Changes and Hormonal Stress Response during Persimmon Fruit Storage
Authors: Meng Kun , Hou Yali , Han Ye , Ban Qiuyan , He Yiheng , Suo Jiangtao , Rao Jingping
Published: March 2017

Lipoxygenase (LOX) initiates the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is involved in multiple physiological processes. In this study, investigation of various microscopic techniques showed that the fruit peel cellular microstructure of the two persimmon cultivars differed after 12 days of storage, resulting in fruit weight loss and an increased number and depth of microcracks. Analysis of subcellular localization revealed that greater amounts of DkLOX3-immunolabelled gold particles accumulated in “Fupingjianshi” than in “Ganmaokui” during storage. In addition, the expression of DkLOX3 was positively up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), concomitant with the promotion of ethylene synthesis and loss of firmness, and was suppressed by salicylic acid (SA), concomitant with the maintenance of fruit firmness, inhibition of ethylene production and weight loss. In particular, the expression of DkLOX3 differed from the ethylene trajectory after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Furthermore, we isolated a 1105 bp 5′ flanking region of DkLOX3 and the activity of promoter deletion derivatives was induced through various hormonal treatments. Promoter sequence cis-regulatory elements were analysed, and two conserved hormone-responsive elements were found to be essential for responsiveness to hormonal stress. Overall, these results will provide us with new clues for exploring the functions of DkLOX3 in fruit ripening and hormonal stress response.
On Mineral Retrosynthesis of a Complex Biogenic Scaffold
Authors: Rao Ashit , Arias José , Cölfen Helmut
Published: March 2017

Synergistic relations between organic molecules and mineral precursors regulate biogenic mineralization. Given the remarkable material properties of the egg shell as a biogenic ceramic, it serves as an important model to elucidate biomineral growth. With established roles of complex anionic biopolymers and a heterogeneous organic scaffold in egg shell mineralization, the present study explores the regulation over mineralization attained by applying synthetic polymeric counterparts (polyethylene glycol, poly(acrylic acid), poly(aspartic acid) and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid)) as additives during remineralization of decalcified eggshell membranes. By applying Mg2+ ions as a co-additive species, mineral retrosynthesis is achieved in a manner that modulates the polymorph and structure of mineral products. Notable features of the mineralization process include distinct local wettability of the biogenic organic scaffold by mineral precursors and mineralization-induced membrane actuation. Overall, the form, structure and polymorph of the mineralization products are synergistically affected by the additive and the content of Mg2+ ions. We also revisit the physicochemical nature of the biomineral scaffold and demonstrate the distinct spatial distribution of anionic biomolecules associated with the scaffold-mineral interface, as well as highlight the hydrogel-like properties of mammillae-associated macromolecules.
Effects of Laser Shock Processing on Morphologies and Mechanical Properties of ANSI 304 Stainless Steel Weldments Subjected to Cavitation Erosion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lu Jin-Zhong , Zhang Yong-Kang , Ma Hai-Le , Luo Kai-Yu , Dai Feng-Ze
Published: March 2017

Effects of laser shock processing (LSP) on the cavitation erosion resistance of laser weldments were investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, roughness tester, micro hardness tester, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology. The morphological microstructures were characterized. Cumulative mass loss, incubation period, erosion rate, and damaged surface areas were monitored during cavitation erosion. Surface roughness, micro-hardness, and residual stress were measured in different zones. Results showed that LSP could improve the damage of morphological microstructures and mechanical properties after cavitation erosion. The compressive residual stresses were generated during the process of LSP, which was an effective guarantee for the improvement of the above mentioned properties.
Optimizing Polymer Infusion Process for Thin Ply Textile Composites with Novel Matrix System
Authors: Bhudolia Somen , Perrotey Pavel , Joshi Sunil
Published: March 2017

For mass production of structural composites, use of different textile patterns, custom preforming, room temperature cure high performance polymers and simplistic manufacturing approaches are desired. Woven fabrics are widely used for infusion processes owing to their high permeability but their localised mechanical performance is affected due to inherent associated crimps. The current investigation deals with manufacturing low-weight textile carbon non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) composites with a room temperature cure epoxy and a novel liquid Methyl methacrylate (MMA) thermoplastic matrix, Elium®. Vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) process is chosen as a cost effective manufacturing technique. Process parameters optimisation is required for thin NCFs due to intrinsic resistance it offers to the polymer flow. Cycles of repetitive manufacturing studies were carried out to optimise the NCF-thermoset (TS) and NCF with novel reactive thermoplastic (TP) resin. It was noticed that the controlled and optimised usage of flow mesh, vacuum level and flow speed during the resin infusion plays a significant part in deciding the final quality of the fabricated composites. The material selections, the challenges met during the manufacturing and the methods to overcome these are deliberated in this paper. An optimal three stage vacuum technique developed to manufacture the TP and TS composites with high fibre volume and lower void content is established and presented.
Krill Oil-In-Water Emulsion Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Activation of Macrophages In Vitro
Authors: Bonaterra Gabriel , Driscoll David , Schwarzbach Hans , Kinscherf Ralf
Published: March 2017

Background: Parenteral nutrition is often a mandatory therapeutic strategy for cases of septicemia. Likewise, therapeutic application of anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory therapy, and endotoxin lowering, by removal or inactivation, might be beneficial to ameliorate the systemic inflammatory response during the acute phases of critical illness. Concerning anti-inflammatory properties in this setting, omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin have been frequently described. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and LPS-inactivating properties of krill oil (KO)-in-water emulsion in human macrophages in vitro. Materials and Methods: Differentiated THP-1 macrophages were activated using specific ultrapure-LPS that binds only on the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in order to determine the inhibitory properties of the KO emulsion on the LPS-binding capacity, and the subsequent release of TNF-α. Results: KO emulsion inhibited the macrophage binding of LPS to the TLR4 by 50% (at 12.5 µg/mL) and 75% (at 25 µg/mL), whereas, at 50 µg/mL, completely abolished the LPS binding. Moreover, KO (12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, or 50 µg/mL) also inhibited (30%, 40%, or 75%, respectively) the TNF-α release after activation with 0.01 µg/mL LPS in comparison with LPS treatment alone. Conclusion: KO emulsion influences the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages, possibly due to inactivation of the LPS binding capacity.
Single Lipid Molecule Dynamics on Supported Lipid Bilayers with Membrane Curvature
Authors: Cheney Philip , Weisgerber Alan , Feuerbach Alec , Knowles Michelle
Published: March 2017

The plasma membrane is a highly compartmentalized, dynamic material and this organization is essential for a wide variety of cellular processes. Nanoscale domains allow proteins to organize for cell signaling, endo- and exocytosis, and other essential processes. Even in the absence of proteins, lipids have the ability to organize into domains as a result of a variety of chemical and physical interactions. One feature of membranes that affects lipid domain formation is membrane curvature. To directly test the role of curvature in lipid sorting, we measured the accumulation of two similar lipids, 1,2-Dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DHPE) and hexadecanoic acid (HDA), using a supported lipid bilayer that was assembled over a nanopatterned surface to obtain regions of membrane curvature. Both lipids studied contain 16 carbon, saturated tails and a head group tag for fluorescence microscopy measurements. The accumulation of lipids at curvatures ranging from 28 nm to 55 nm radii was measured and fluorescein labeled DHPE accumulated more than fluorescein labeled HDA at regions of membrane curvature. We then tested whether single biotinylated DHPE molecules sense curvature using single particle tracking methods. Similar to groups of fluorescein labeled DHPE accumulating at curvature, the dynamics of single molecules of biotinylated DHPE was also affected by membrane curvature and highly confined motion was observed.
Defining the Baseline and Oxidant Perturbed Lipidomic Profiles of Daphnia magna
Authors: Taylor Nadine , White Thomas , Viant Mark
Published: March 2017

Recent technological advancement has enabled the emergence of lipidomics as an important tool for assessing molecular stress, one which has yet to be assessed fully as an approach in an environmental toxicological context. Here we have applied a high-resolution, non-targeted, nanoelectrospray ionisation (nESI) direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) technique to assess the effects of oxidative stress to Daphnia magna both in vitro (air exposure of daphniid extracts) and in vivo (Cu2+ exposure). Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to distinguish any perturbations including oxidation to the D. magna baseline lipidome. This approach enabled the putative annotation of the baseline lipidome of D. magna with 65% of the lipid species discovered previously not reported. In vitro exposure of lipid extracts to air, primarily to test the methodology, revealed a significant perturbation to this baseline lipidome with detectable oxidation of peaks, in most cases attributed to single oxygen addition. Exposure of D. magna to Cu2+ in vivo also caused a significant perturbation to the lipidome at an environmentally relevant concentration of 20 µg/L. This nESI DIMS approach has successfully identified perturbations and oxidative modifications to the D. magna lipidome in a high-throughput manner, highlighting its suitability for environmental lipidomic studies.
2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Graphene-Based Ternary Composites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Pollutants Degradation
Authors: Chen Ying , Sun Hongqi , Peng Wenchao
Published: March 2017

Photocatalysis have attracted great attention due to their useful applications for sustainable hydrogen evolution and pollutants degradation. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2 and WS2 have exhibited great potential as cocatalysts to increase the photo-activity of some semiconductors. By combination with graphene (GR), enhanced cocatalysts of TMD/GR hybrids could be synthesized. GR here can act as a conductive electron channel for the transport of the photogenerated electrons, while the TMDs nanosheets in the hybrids can collect electrons and act as active sites for photocatalytic reactions. This mini review will focus on the application of TMD/GR hybrids as cocatalysts for semiconductors in photocatalytic reactions, by which we hope to provide enriched information of TMD/GR as a platform to develop more efficient photocatalysts for solar energy utilization.
Sensory Neuronopathy Revealing Severe Vitamin B12 Deficiency in a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa: An Often-Forgotten Reversible Cause
Authors: Franques Jérôme , Chiche Laurent , Mathis Stéphane
Published: March 2017

Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is known to be associated with various neurological manifestations. Although central manifestations such as dementia or subacute combined degeneration are the most classic, neurological manifestations also include sensory neuropathies. However, B12 deficiency is still rarely integrated as a potential cause of sensory neuronopathy. Moreover, as many medical conditions can falsely normalize serum B12 levels even in the context of a real B12 deficiency, some cases may easily remain underdiagnosed. We report the illustrating case of an anorexic patient with sensory neuronopathy and consistently normal serum B12 levels. After all classical causes of sensory neuronopathy were ruled out, her clinical and electrophysiological conditions first worsened after folate administration, but finally improved dramatically after B12 administration. B12 deficiency should be systematically part of the etiologic workup of sensory neuronopathy, especially in a high risk context such as anorexia nervosa.
Effects of a Diet-Based Weight-Reducing Program with Probiotic Supplementation on Satiety Efficiency, Eating Behaviour Traits, and Psychosocial Behaviours in Obese Individuals
Authors: Sanchez Marina , Darimont Christian , Panahi Shirin , Drapeau Vicky , Marette André , Taylor Valerie , Doré Jean , Tremblay Angelo
Published: March 2017

This study evaluated the impact of probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 (LPR)) on appetite sensations and eating behaviors in the context of a weight-reducing program. Obese men (n = 45) and women (n = 60) participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that included a 12-week weight loss period (Phase 1) based on moderate energy restriction, followed by 12 weeks of weight maintenance (Phase 2). During the two phases of the program, each subject consumed two capsules per day of either a placebo or a LPR formulation (10 mg of LPR equivalent to 1.6 108 CFU/capsule, 210 mg of oligofructose, and 90 mg of inulin). The LPR supplementation increased weight loss in women that was associated with a greater increase in the fasting desire to eat (p = 0.03). On the other hand, satiety efficiency (satiety quotient for desire to eat) at lunch increased (p = 0.02), whereas disinhibition (p = 0.05) and hunger (p = 0.02) scores decreased more in the LPR-treated women, when compared with the female control group. Additionally, the LPR female group displayed a more pronounced decrease in food craving (p = 0.05), and a decrease in the Beck Depression Inventory score (p = 0.05) that was significantly different from the change noted in the placebo group (p = 0.02), as well as a higher score in the Body Esteem Scale questionnaire (p = 0.06). In men, significant benefits of LPR on fasting fullness and cognitive restraint were also observed. Taken together, these observations lend support to the hypothesis that the gut-brain axis may impact appetite control and related behaviors in obesity management.
Microwave Assisted Reduction of Pt-Catalyst by N-Phenyl-p-Phenylenediamine for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Tsai Ming-Jer , Hsieh Tar-Hwa , Wang Yen-Zen , Ho Ko-Shan , Chang Chia-Yun
Published: March 2017

The presence of N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (PPDA: a dimer of aniline) during microwave (MW) irradiation can significantly improve Pt-loading on the XC72 carbon matrix as a catalyst support of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PPDA is converted to an emeraldine base state during MW-assisted redox reaction, which is characterized by both FTIR and Raman spectra. The increased degree of conjugation from the formation of quinone-state of PPDA is confirmed by UV-VIS spectra. TEM micrographs and residue weights obtained from the TGA thermograms illustrate the particle size and Pt-loading percent of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) after MW irradiation, respectively. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate Pt NPs are successfully loaded on XC72 by MW irradiation corresponding to hydrothermal method. The single cell performance demonstrates an increasing power and maximum current density when Pt-catalyst of membrane exchanged assembly (MEA) is prepared by MW-assisted reduction in the presence of PPDA.
Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy Resin Cross-Linked with High Wood Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Substitution by Acetone Pretreatment
Authors: Liu Yi , Via Brian , Pan Yuanfeng , Cheng Qingzheng , Guo Hongwu , Auad Maria , Taylor Steven
Published: March 2017

The use of cost effective solvents may be necessary to store wood pyrolysis bio-oil in order to stabilize and control its viscosity, but this part of the production system has not been explored. Conversely, any rise in viscosity during storage, that would occur without a solvent, will add variance to the production system and render it cost ineffective. The purpose of this study was to modify bio-oil with a common solvent and then react the bio-oil with an epoxy for bonding of wood without any loss in properties. The acetone pretreatment of the bio-oil/epoxy mixture was found to improve the cross-linking potential and substitution rate based on its mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Specifically, the bio-oil was blended with epoxy resin at weight ratios ranging from 2:1 to 1:5 and were then cured. A higher bio-oil substitution rate was found to lower the shear bond strength of the bio-oil/epoxy resins. However, when an acetone pretreatment was used, it was possible to replace the bio-oil by as much as 50% while satisfying usage requirements. Extraction of the bio-oil/epoxy mixture with four different solvents demonstrated an improvement in cross-linking after acetone pretreatment. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that the polymer achieved a higher cross-linked structure. DSC and TGA curves showed improved thermal stability with the addition of the acetone pretreatment. UV-Vis characterization showed that some functional groups of the bio-oil to epoxy system were unreacted. Finally, when the resin mixture was utilized to bond wood, the acetone pretreatment coupled with precise tuning of the bio-oil:epoxy ratio was an effective method to control cross-linking while ensuring acceptable bond strength.
Dirk Philips’ Letter and Spirit: An Anabaptist Contribution to Reformation Hermeneutics
Authors: Schubert Aaron
Published: March 2017

Dirk Philips provides an explanation of how a Christian should interpret Scripture in his Enchiridion. Such chapters as “The Sending of Preachers and Teachers,” “The Tabernacle of Moses,” and “Of Spiritual Restitution” provide the clearest picture for students of this Anabaptist hermeneutic, a hermeneutic which interprets all of Scripture through the dichotomy of the letter and the Spirit, united in their central theme, Christ and the Church, a reading that can only be found through a hermeneutic of obedience.
Unpacking Changes in Mangrove Social-Ecological Systems: Lessons from Brazil, Zanzibar, and Vietnam
Authors: Quinn Claire , Stringer Lindsay , Berman Rachel , Le Hue , Msuya Flower , Pezzuti Juarez , Orchard Steven
Published: March 2017

Mangroves provide multiple benefits, from carbon storage and shoreline protection to food and energy for natural resource-dependent coastal communities. However, they are coming under increasing pressure from climate change, coastal development, and aquaculture. There is increasing need to better understand the changes mangroves face and whether these changes differ or are similar in different parts of the world. Using a multiple case study approach, focused on Vietnam, Zanzibar, and Brazil, this research analyzed the drivers, pressures, states, impacts, and responses (DPSIR) of mangrove systems. A qualitative content analysis was used on a purposively sampled document set for each country to identify and collate evidence under each of the DPSIR categories. Population growth and changing political and economic processes were key drivers across the three countries, leading to land use change and declining states of mangroves. This had an impact on the delivery of regulatory and provisioning ecosystem services from mangroves and on the welfare of coastal communities. Responses have been predominantly regulatory and aim to improve mangrove states, but without always considering ecosystem services or the consequences for welfare. The issue of scale emerged as a critical factor with drivers, pressures, impacts, and responses operating at different levels (from international to local), with consequences for response effectiveness.
Mapping of Vegetation Using Multi-Temporal Downscaled Satellite Images of a Reclaimed Area in Saemangeum, Republic of Korea
Authors: Beon Mu-Sup , Cho Ki Hwan , Kim Hyun Ok , Oh Hyun-Kyung , Jeong Jong-Chul
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study is to adapt and evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-temporal downscaled images technique for classifying the typical vegetation types of a reclaimed area. The areas reclaimed from estuarine tidal flats show high spatial heterogeneity in soil salinity conditions. There are three typical vegetation types for which the distribution is restricted by the soil conditions. A halophyte-dominated vegetation is located in a high saline area, grass vegetation is found in a mid- or low saline area, and reed/small-reed vegetation is situated in a low saline area. Multi-temporal satellite images were used to classify the vegetation types. Landsat images were downscaled to take into account spatial heterogeneity using cokriging. A random forest classifier was used for the classification, with downscaled Landsat and RapidEye images. Classification with RapidEye images alone demonstrated a lower level of accuracy than when combined with multi-temporal downscaled images. The results demonstrate the usefulness of a downscaling technique for mapping. This approach can provide a framework which is able to maintain low costs whilst producing richer images for the monitoring of a large and heterogeneous ecosystem.
A Novel High-Performance Beam-Supported Membrane Structure with Enhanced Design Flexibility for Partial Discharge Detection
Authors: Fu Chenzhao , Si Wenrong , Li Haoyong , Li Delin , Yuan Peng , Yu Yiting
Published: March 2017

A novel beam-supported membrane (BSM) structure for the fiber optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensors showing an enhanced performance and an improved resistance to the temperature change was proposed for detecting partial discharges (PDs). The fundamental frequency, sensitivity, linear range, and flatness of the BSM structure were investigated by employing the finite element simulations. Compared with the intact membrane (IM) structure commonly used by EFPI sensors, BSM structure provides extra geometrical parameters to define the fundamental frequency when the diameter of the whole membrane and its thickness is determined, resulting in an enhanced design flexibility of the sensor structure. According to the simulation results, it is noted that BSM structure not only shows a much higher sensitivity (increased by almost four times for some cases), and a wider working range of fundamental frequency to choose, but also an improved linear range, making the system development much easier. In addition, BSM structure presents a better flatness than its IM counterpart, providing an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A further improvement of performance is thought to be possible with a step-forward structural optimization. The BSM structure shows a great potential to design the EFPI sensors, as well as others for detecting the acoustic signals.
Design and Imaging of Ground-Based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO SAR) with Non-Collinear Arrays
Authors: Hu Cheng , Wang Jingyang , Tian Weiming , Zeng Tao , Wang Rui
Published: March 2017

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar provides much more flexibility than the traditional radar thanks to its ability to realize far more observation channels than the actual number of transmit and receive (T/R) elements. In designing the MIMO imaging radar arrays, the commonly used virtual array theory generally assumes that all elements are on the same line. However, due to the physical size of the antennas and coupling effect between T/R elements, a certain height difference between T/R arrays is essential, which will result in the defocusing of edge points of the scene. On the other hand, the virtual array theory implies far-field approximation. Therefore, with a MIMO array designed by this theory, there will exist inevitable high grating lobes in the imaging results of near-field edge points of the scene. To tackle these problems, this paper derives the relationship between target’s point spread function (PSF) and pattern of T/R arrays, by which the design criterion is presented for near-field imaging MIMO arrays. Firstly, the proper height between T/R arrays is designed to focus the near-field edge points well. Secondly, the far-field array is modified to suppress the grating lobes in the near-field area. Finally, the validity of the proposed methods is verified by two simulations and an experiment.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions on Climate Change and the Use of Sustainable Agricultural Practices in the Chinyanja Triangle, Southern Africa
Authors: Makate Clifton , Makate Marshall , Mango Nelson
Published: March 2017

In developing regions with high levels of poverty and a dependence on climate sensitive agriculture, studies focusing on climate change adaptation, planning, and policy processes, have gained relative importance over the years. This study assesses the impact of farmer perceptions regarding climate change on the use of sustainable agricultural practices as an adaptation strategy in the Chinyanja Triangle, Southern Africa. In this empirical approach, we adopt methods that account for the plausibility that unmeasured characteristics exist, which are correlated with perceptions and the adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices. We use a unique and representative dataset collected in December 2012 and June 2013, from smallholder farmers in the Chinyanja Triangle. The results indicate that farmer’s perceptions significantly influence the use of sustainable agricultural practices. Specifically, we established that farmer perceptions considerably impact the use of grain legume rotations, inorganic fertilizers, compost, and farmyard manure. Our results highlight the need for a serious and perhaps equal consideration of farmer perceptions regarding climate change, as important inputs to climate change adaptation policies targeted at enhancing climatic resilience in smallholder farming communities. This is plausible as the adaptation and pliability of farmers to the effects of climate change should be a social process involving the collective efforts from various stakeholders.
The Effects of Weather on Oilseed Rape (OSR) Yield in China: Future Implications of Climate Change
Authors: He Yaqin , Revell Brian , Leng Bofeng , Feng Zhongchao
Published: March 2017

Understanding the role of climatic factors on crop yields is essential in predicting the future impact of climate change. In order to understand the influence of climatic factors on OSR, detailed farm-level panel data from 2566 farms across 67 counties of the 6 major OSR production regions in China, from the surveys conducted by the national OSR industry project between 2008 and 2013, were used to examine the contribution of changes in selected climatic variables between 2008 and 2013 to yield variation. Spatial and temporal patterns of the relationships between OSR yield, climatic factors were estimated together with the effects of farmer adaptation and management practices on yield variability. The analysis revealed that yields in the low-latitude production regions were more sensitive to temperature increases and likely to decline. Precipitation iwas the most influential factor on yield at the first two growth stages; temperature and sunshine hours were most important at the third and fourth growth stages, respectively. Labour input was the most influential management factor affecting yields compared with fertilizer and other inputs. The study concludes that projection of future climate change impacts will need inter alia to incorporate more sophisticated and detailed measures of climatic variables than simple means of temperature and precipitation, incorporating timing in relation to plant growth and yield.
Boundary Bridging Arrangements: A Boundary Work Approach to Local Energy Transitions
Authors: Koehrsen Jens
Published: March 2017

Local energy transitions involve various types of actors (e.g., politicians, businesses, public administrators, and citizens) that differ in their objectives, values, problem-related perspectives, and professional jargons: these differences risk deterring the collaboration that is needed to pursue energy transitions as encompassing socio-technological transformations. Based on a boundary work-approach, this contribution studies the interplay of actors in these transitions. The approach suggests that boundary bridging arrangements (e.g., boundary objects, boundary settings, and boundary organizations) evolve in local energy transitions, facilitating communication across the boundaries between the various types of actors. In applying the boundary work approach to the energy transitions in two German cities, the article explores the potentials and limitations of this approach.
Cubozoan Sting-Site Seawater Rinse, Scraping, and Ice Can Increase Venom Load: Upending Current First Aid Recommendations
Authors: Yanagihara Angel , Wilcox Christie
Published: March 2017

Cnidarian envenomations are the leading cause of severe and lethal human sting injuries from marine life. The total amount of venom discharged into sting-site tissues, sometimes referred to as “venom load”, has been previously shown to correlate with tentacle contact length and sequelae severity. Since <1% of cnidae discharge upon initial tentacle contact, effective and safe removal of adherent tentacles is of paramount importance in the management of life-threatening cubozoan stings. We evaluated whether common rinse solutions or scraping increased venom load as measured in a direct functional assay of venom activity (hemolysis). Scraping significantly increased hemolysis by increasing cnidae discharge. For Alatina alata, increases did not occur if the tentacles were first doused with vinegar or if heat was applied. However, in Chironex fleckeri, vinegar dousing and heat treatment were less effective, and the best outcomes occurred with the use of venom-inhibiting technologies (Sting No More® products). Seawater rinsing, considered a “no-harm” alternative, significantly increased venom load. The application of ice severely exacerbated A. alata stings, but had a less pronounced effect on C. fleckeri stings, while heat application markedly reduced hemolysis for both species. Our results do not support scraping or seawater rinsing to remove adherent tentacles.
Le nouvel état des fonds du Bundesarchiv de Coblence : réflexions sur l'accès du public aux archives
Authors: Ducrot Ariane
Published: March 2017

After the recent publication of the new Guide to the contents of the Bundesarchiv in Koblenz, some reflexions about the policy of Archives for the publicity of their contents : regulations as to access, finding aids, help given to researchers, etc.
Le public des Archives de la Sarthe, 1967-1978 : agir ou subir ?
Authors: Naud Gérard
Published: March 2017

The users of the Archives of the Sarthe, 1967-1978 : to act, or to suffer ?

A statistical study of the composition and evolution of the users of a French Department's Record Office. Statistics have served to establish a few facts, but they could not play the role which the author had fancied in the orientation of the activities of his service. Their main interest is to moderate or correct subjective appreciations on immediate data.
L'association des archivistes français
Authors: Taillemite Etienne
Published: March 2017

Founded in 1904, this Association, which is now 75-year old, has a professional and technical status. It is dedicated to the study of all problems that may arise in the exercise of the archivist's profession, and the results of these studies have often had a decisive influence on the orientation of archival policy in France. It is rapidly expanding, just as the archivai profession itself.
La loi du 3 janvier 1979 et les archives privées
Authors: Bonazzi Chantal
Published: March 2017

The Archives Law of 3 January 1979 and private archives.

Access to private archives, when they are deposited in a Public Archive repository, is subject to conditions stipulated by the deposer. Several solutions can be recommended. Private archives remaining in the custody of their owners can be protected by a decision of " classification which makes abusive exportation impossible. The author stresses the importance of modem (contemporary) private archives.
L'humidité dans les dépôts d'archives : instruments et méthodes de mesure
Authors: Jayot Franz
Published: March 2017

Humidity in archive repositories : devices and methods for its control.

Ambient temperature and humidity in archives repositories are two essential factors for the preservation of documents. Measuring these two elements and their variations is therefore a necessity. The author first describes the devices which make such measures possible, and explains their functioning : thermometers and thermographs, psychrometers, hygrometers and hygrographs. He then applies his demonstration to a particular case, that is the methods of measurement and calculation used to control the evolution of humidity after a flood in an archive repository, when documents are being dried and humidity is being forcibly reduced.