bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tipologia dos dados científicos das teses brasileiras da Ciência da Informação: Investigando a sua natureza e origem
Authors: Rodrigues Débora Gomes de Araújo , Anjos Renata Lemos dos , Dias Guilherme Ataíde
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Classificar a tipologia dos dados científicos obtidos nas teses brasileiras, na área da Ciência da Informação, de acordo com a sua natureza e origem, no interstício de 2012 a 2020.
Método: Utilizou-se uma abordagem quali-quantitativa; caracterizou-se quanto aos meios como um estudo bibliográfico e quanto aos fins como uma pesquisa descritiva. A técnica de análise de conteúdo foi adotada para analisar os dados com o suporte do software QDAMiner.
Resultado: Verificou-se que os dados da área são diversificados em relação à natureza por serem dados textuais, visualizações, multimídia, números e software, além disso, esses dados também se diferenciam no que diz respeito à origem, pois foram identificados dados de registro, observacional, computacional e experimental. Sendo os dados de registros e observacionais predominantes.
Conclusões: Diante da realidade de que o presente estudo evidenciou a diversidade e a divisão desses dados no tocante a origem, especialmente pela presença dos dados observacionais, que são os mais difíceis de replicar, espera-se que a área da CI se conscientize sobre a importância de tratar adequadamente os dados de forma que possam ter condições de serem reutilizados em novas pesquisas no longo prazo.
Reflexões sobre currículo e infância durante a pandemia: um estudo a partir das lives da Anped
Authors: Cardoso Glauciene Foro , Lima Daniele Dorotéia Rocha da Silva
Published: March 2022

OO presente artigo busca refletir sobre as contribuições das lives do GT 07 da ANPED no debate sobre currículo para a infância no Brasil, ao longo da pandemia. Dessa forma, buscou-se analisar quais contribuições essas lives trazem para o debate sobre currículo para a infância no Brasil durante as restrições sociais impostas devido à COVID-19. Assume-se um tecer metodológico da pesquisa qualitativa, de abordagem narrativa. Compreende-se que as narrativas presentes nas lives pontuaram questões críticas quanto à situação da educação infantil, num cenário de incertezas, desafios e enfrentamento das desigualdades, de distanciamento social e suspensão de aulas, com dificuldades de acesso/conectividade, vínculos, afetividade e carências de toda a ordem que envolvem a luta pela garantia do direito à aprendizagem das crianças.
Karussell im Kopf
Authors: Wittenhagen Julia
Published: March 2022

Schlechte Nachrichten verfolgen uns dank Smartphones überallhin, bei Tag und Nacht. Im Moment ist der Ukraine-Krieg das Thema Nummer eins, davor war es Corona. Wohin mit all den Sorgen im Tagesgeschäft? Wie können Unternehmen ihre Mitarbeiter stärken?
Piano4Play: An Automated Piano Transcription and Keyboard Visualization System using AI and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Liu Jinge , Wang Shuyu
Published: March 2022

Piano keyboard visualization was very popular right now, but there are very few virtual piano keyboard visualizations right now [1]. I was using unity to show the virtual piano keyboard and then they can play piano pieces by themselves or play a recording online [2]. After that you can listen and see how the recording pieces play it on the visual keyboard to give them a clear idea about how the songs played on a keyboard2 [3]. For those who played by themselves it can let them heard and know also when the visual piano play for them, they can tell if they have offbeat playing or they missing not. Piano4Play is an automated piano transcription and keyboard visualization system using AI and deep learning techniques. The user could upload a recorded piece of music, and our app would visualize the music on a digital piano keyboard. The user could see how the music is played visually in order to help piano beginners to see how the music will be played on piano in order to help them learn more quickly and easier, and advanced players could use the app to see whether they made any mistake when they are playing so they can get some improvement. Our app uses wav and MIDI files, repl, real-time database, google Collab and Unity.
La responsabilidad proactiva en la normativa peruana de protección de datos personales
Authors: Vásquez Rodríguez Raúl
Published: March 2022

Con la entrada en vigor del Reglamento 2016/679, comenzó a regir el principio de Responsabilidad Proactiva para el tratamiento de datos personales, redirigiendo el enfoque de las obligaciones hacia objetivos relacionados con la permanente prevención y la capacidad de rendición de cuentas sobre las obligaciones; a fin de garantizar de manera más eficiente la protección de los derechos de las personas sobre la privacidad.Dicha circunstancia actual lleva a preguntarse si en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano existen previsiones referidas a la protección de datos personales que conlleven la exigencia de adoptar medidas, políticas y hábitos preventivos respecto de la privacidad; y si podría hablarse de un principio de responsabilidad proactiva en un momento dado.
El principio de capacidad contributiva e igualdad en el impuesto a las rentas de trabajo
Authors: Ortiz de Orue Quispe Heissen Ali
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo aborda el análisis del principio de capacidad contributiva e igualdad en el impuesto a la renta de trabajo y, específicamente, se centra en verificar si su forma de determinación implicaría vulneración alguna a estos principios. La legislación peruana ha adoptado un sistema de determinación objetiva del impuesto a las rentas de trabajo, el cual no permite deducir gastos indispensables para el sustento del contribuyente. En este sentido, se pueden generan situaciones en las cuales no se verifique correctamente la capacidad contributiva de las personas y las diferentes situaciones en las cuales se encuentran los contribuyentes, dependiendo de los gastos que realicen en un ejercicio determinado. En este contexto, resulta conveniente analizar la posibilidad de incluir en nuestra normativa una amplia gama de gastos deducibles, estableciendo ciertos límites con el objetivo de disminuir el impacto al presupuesto público.
Revisitando la infracción aduanera de «contravención» en Uruguay
Authors: Varela Andrés
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo, se analiza la infracción aduanera de contravención, estatuida inicialmente en una ley del año 2010, pero que fue recogida en el Código Aduanero de la República Oriental del Uruguay, vigente desde marzo de 2015, y que tiene como finalidad reprimir la violación de determinadas normas que establecen deberes formales respecto de procedimientos aduaneros. En particular, se analizan las conductas atrapadas por el tipo, los requisitos para su imputación y sus consecuencias.
Hablemos de la muerte: del puño gráfico al Google Meet
Authors: Rojas Jurado Nicolás
Published: March 2022

La Ley N.° 31338 modifica el Libro IV del Código Civil peruano, en el extremo de posibilitar que, en la confección de testamento por escritura pública, en adición a la exigencia de confección de puño gráfico, este pueda ser realizado también mediante auxilio de medios tecnológicos. El acto no solo es benigno sino inexorable, y nada tiene que ver con la ratio que lo sustenta: privilegiar su uso, bajando costos de confección.
Qué hacer cuando la pena trasciende la vida: el caso de Abimael Guzmán desde un derecho a la disposición de los restos
Authors: Cabrera Fernández Luz Ana , Ramírez Barreto Joaquín
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis respecto a las últimas horas de vida y el destino de los restos del líder terrorista Abimael Guzmán Reinoso desde una perspectiva de las obligaciones estatales en el DIDH. En concreto, se cuestiona el secretismo existente alrededor de las condiciones de su encarcelamiento frente a alegadas violaciones a sus derechos a la salud e integridad, así como la cremación de su cuerpo tras su fallecimiento, aun tras la negativa de su viuda Elena Iparraguirre. Finalmente, se hace énfasis en la necesidad de garantizar el goce de los derechos humanos a todos con igualdad y sin discriminación, previendo la mayor protección de todas las personas.
El derecho a la consulta previa y la pandemia del Covid-19
Authors: Díaz Giunta Renzo , Gaspar Clavo Rubiela
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo, el autor y la autora desarrollan el contenido constitucionalmente protegido y los alcances del derecho constitucional a la consulta previaen el Perú, y explican el tratamiento que este derecho recibe en el Perú. Además, desde una óptica constitucional, analizan el impacto de la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la pandemia del COVID-19 en el ejercicio del derecho a la consulta previa de los pueblos indígenas y originarios.
El caso de UBER Perú: análisis de un acto de competencia desleal
Authors: Meza Lazo Anjana Shanta
Published: March 2022

El caso de los aplicativos móviles de taxi resulta ser un tema interesante de análisis en el Derecho de la Competencia, más aún si se debate sobre la comisión deactos de competencia desleal. Por ello, en el siguiente artículo analizaré el caso de UBER Perú, el aplicativo de taxis más conocido en el país y, para efectos de la investigación, me centraré en la situación de UBER Perú en Lima. Considerando ello, sostengo que existe un caso de competencia desleal por violación de normas cometido por UBER Perú, debido a que, para ejercer sus actividades, no cuenta con el permiso de la Gerencia de Trasporte Urbano (GTU) de la Municipalidad. De esta manera, a lo largo del artículo brindaré argumentos basados en un recuento de importantes pronunciamientos de entidades estatales peruanas, así como casos extranjeros, los cuales permitirán una mejor comprensión sobre el tema y la postura asumida.
Der Kampf im Recht: El derecho concebido como una lucha autopoiética
Authors: Ramírez Vélez Alejandro
Published: March 2022

Este texto presenta algunas consideraciones sobre tres autores que cuentan con teorías aparentemente contradictorias, incluso inconciliables relativas a la realidad conflictiva y dinámica del derecho. Se da cuenta del derecho entendido como una guerra ritual, pues el derecho se encuentra asediado por una lucha externa a lo lícito y una lucha interna que enfrenta valores binarios. La realidad del derecho es bélica, así que el presente artículo empareja la influencia de la lucha por el derecho con la lucha del derecho, irradiando contenido nuevo a las comunicaciones sistemáticas que producen operaciones y pronunciamientos jurídicos. Finalmente, se citan teorías críticas sobre el entendimiento de la teoría polémica del derecho elevada a la teoría estratégica del derecho
Crisis Management and Attitudes on Climate Change
Authors: Tafra-Vlahović Majda , Cvetinović Vlahović Ana
Published: March 2022

This paper explores business school students’ climate change awareness and engagement capacity in relation to future engagement in the work environment. As part of planned longitudinal action research, it also discusses teachers’ accountability in the education process in higher education institutions. Research in this area has tended to deal more with awareness and less with opportunities to translate results into action. Students may be highly aware of climate change but are likely to ignore the key messages. Teachers, on the other hand, sometimes act as if they see no elephant in the room. Focusing on the case of a U.S. business school in Croatia with many Croatian students, a triangulated methodology is used, including a survey, a focus group, and teacher observation.
Analysis of neutralization antibodies in patients with mild COVID-19 infection after 100 days using microneutralization test
Authors: Ahn Min-Ju , Jeong Dae Gwin , Lee Kyu-Sun , Lee Seungjun , Ryu Byung-Han , Yang Hye Ryun , Kim Sunjoo
Published: March 2022

Neutralizing antibodies play a critical role in blocking viral infections and in viral clearance during acute infection. The microneutralization assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) targeting the receptor binding domain were performed for 30 patients with mild coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 infections. The elapsed number of days between sample collection and diagnosis was 115 days, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values at diagnosis were recorded. Clinical characteristics and Ct values were compared between neutralization antibody-positive and -negative patients as measured by the microneutralization assay. Neutralization antibody-positive patients (n = 9) were likely to be older, have low Ct values, have more pneumonia during admission, and have a higher optical density in ELISA than the neutralization antibody-negative patients (n = 21). Elderly people seemed to have a higher viral load causing more pneumonia and to produce more neutralization antibodies. Neutralization antibodies persisted in only 30% of patients as detected by microneutralization test after 100 days of diagnosis.
Presenteizm İle Tıbbi Hata Yapma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki: Hemşireler Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: OKTAY Semanur , ALPER AY Ferda
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı “Presenteizm İle Tıbbi Hata Yapma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki”yi belirlemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 15 Ekim 2019- 31 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında, Sivas Numune Hastanesi’nde çalışmakta olan ve çalışmaya katılmayı gönüllü oalrak kabul eden 288 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Standford Presenteizm Ölçeği (SPS 6), ve Hemşirelikte Tıbbi Hataya Eğilim Ölçeği (HTHEÖ) kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler bilgisayar ortamına aktarılarak SPSS 22.0 istatistik paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Cronbach Alfa analizi, Frekans ve Yüzde dağılımı, Kolmograow-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk Normallik testi, Mann Whitney U, Varyans analizi, Kruskal Wallis testi, Korelasyon katsayısı, Spearman korelasyon katsayısı ve Tamhane’s T2 testleri kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların presenteizm düzeyleri yüksek, tıbbi hata yapma eğilimi düzeyleri ise oldukça düşük bulunmuştur. Presenteizm ve tıbbi hata yapma eğilimi düzeylerinin bazı demografik özelliklere göre farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte presenteizm ile tıbbi hata yapma eğilimi arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Sonuç olarak hemşirelerin presenteizm davranışlarındaki artışın tıbbi hata eğiliminde bir artışa neden olmadığı saptanmıştır. Ancak sağlık kurumlarında presenteizm olgusu, hasta güvenliğini tehdit etmesi açısından dikkate alınması gereken çok yaygın bir sorundur. Çalışma sonucunda sağlık çalışanlarının ve sağlık yöneticilerinin presenteizm konusunda bilgilendirilmesi ve sağlık çalışanlarının tıbbi hataları bildirmeye teşvik edilmesi önerilebilir.
Solitary wave characteristics on the fine structure of mesospheric sporadic sodium layer
Authors: Qiu Shican , Shi Mengxi , Soon Willie , Jia Mingjiao , Xue Xianghui , Li Tao , Ju Peng , Dou Xiankang
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The most fantastic phenomenon of the mesospheric sodium layer is the so-called sporadic sodium layer (SSL or NaS), which are proposed to be closely related to wave fluctuations. Solitary wave is a particular solution of partial differential equation whose energy travels as a localized wave packet, and a soliton is a special solitary wave which has a particle-like behavior with strong stable form. In this research, the solitary wave theory is applied for the first time to study the fine structure of NaS. We perform soliton fitting processes on the observed data from the Andes Lidar Observatory, and find out that 24/27 NaS events exhibit similar features/characteristics to a soliton. Time series of the net anomaly of the NaS reveal the same variation process to the solution of a generalized five-order KdV equation. Our results therefore suggest the NaS phenomenon would be an appropriate tracer for nonlinear wave studies in the atmosphere.
A decadal assessment of the climatology of aerosol and cloud properties over South Africa
Authors: Yakubu Abdulaziz Tunde , Chetty Naven
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) plays an essential role in understanding precipitation occurrence and climate change but remains poorly understood. Conducting a climatology study on a regional or global scale constitutes a prospect better to understand ACI and its influence on precipitation and climate. This study analysed the characteristics of ACI over South Africa based on two instruments Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) onboard Terra satellite, and ground-based meteorology data from South Africa Weather Service (SAWS) between 2007–2016. The region mainly splits into the upper, central, and lower sub-regions based on the aerosol loading characteristics. Findings from the study show that depending on the atmospheric conditions, aerosol exhibits dual features of increasing and decreasing the potential formation of precipitating clouds. However, more often, fine-mode predominated aerosols suppress rain-bearing clouds. Furthermore, cloud top height (CTH) demonstrates upward increment from the lower to the upper part of the region, and the cloud fraction (CF) is in the downward direction. Both the CF and CTH display the characteristic enhancers of the precipitation intensity, mainly when the initial conditions necessary for rain-bearing occurs. Besides, cloud optical depth (COD) depends significantly on the liquid water path (LWP) and is suggestively associated with the aerosol-vapour ratio ingested into the cloud. Also notably, the temperature over the entire region generally increased steadily and continuously from 2013.
Insights on estimating urban CO2 emissions using eddy-covariance flux measurements
Authors: Min Kyung-Eun , Mun Junphil , Perdigones Begie , Lee Soojin , Kwak Kyung-Hwan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Living in an era of government allocated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, knowing the accurate amount of human-induced CO2 becomes very critical. To this end, an in-depth understanding of CO2 emissions in urban areas where human activities are concentrated will be of practical help. With this motivation, we quantify CO2 emission strengths of individual urban activities (i.e. vehicle, industry, heat generation, etc.) based on direct observations of vertical CO2 exchanges at urban-atmosphere interface using Eddy-Covariance (EC) method at Gwangju, Korea (2017.11–2018.08). Day of week difference analysis, together with varying wind sector, grounded from carefully designed measurement set-up, enables us to assess CO2 emission factors (EFs) free from seasonal bias (i.e. heating and urban vegetation); evaluated EFs of traffic from day of week difference was 0.017(±0.011) μmol m-2 s-1 car-1 which is more than 10 times larger than that from simple relation (0.0012 ± 0.0011 μmol m-2 s-1 car-1) between CO2 flux and traffic counts. The CO2 emissions due to the car manufacturing industry within the fetch and heating when air temperatures were lower than 18 °C were quantified as 103.25(±42.18) μmol m-2 s-1 and 2.41(±1.71) μmol m-2 s-1 °C-1, respectively. Urban vegetation uptake was estimated as -1.72 kg C m-2 yr-1 only with EFs traffic inferred from day of week difference indicating possible erroneous estimation in simple relation unless it properly reflects representative seasonal changes in a year. Even though our estimations are conservative EFs due to limitations in corrections of horizontal seepage and vertical storage, we found that both EFs for traffic and heat in latest emission inventory were more than 2.5 times lower than our estimations which indicate the urgency in bottom-up inventory validations.
Transport of large stratospheric ozone to the surface by a dying typhoon and shallow convection
Authors: Chen Zhixiong , Liu Jane , Qie Xiushu , Cheng Xugeng , Shen Yukun , Yang Mengmiao , Liu Xiangke
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone transported to the troposphere is estimated to account for 5–10 % of the tropospheric ozone sources. However, chances for intruded stratospheric ozone to reach the surface are low. Here, we report an event of strong surface ozone surge with stratospheric origins in the North China Plain (NCP, 34° N–40° N, 114° E–121° E) at night of 31 July 2021. The hourly measurements revealed that surface ozone concentrations were up to 80–90 ppbv at several cities over the NCP from 23:00 on 31 July 1 to 6:00 on 01 August, 2021, which was 40–50 ppbv higher than the corresponding monthly mean. A high-frequency surface measurement indicates that this ozone surge occurred abruptly and reached 40–50 ppbv within ~10 minutes. A concurrent decline in surface carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations suggests that this surface ozone surge resulted from downward transport of stratospheric ozone-rich and CO-poor airmass. This is further confirmed by the vertical evolutions of humidity and ozone profiles at night, based on radiosonde and satellite data, respectively. Such an event of stratospheric impact on surface ozone is rarely documented in terms of its magnitude, covering areas, abruptness, and duration. We find that this surface ozone surge was induced by a combined effect of a dying typhoon In-fa and shallow local mesoscale convective systems (MCS) that facilitated the transport of stratospheric ozone to the surface. This finding is based on analysis of meteorological reanalysis and radiosonde data, combining with high-resolution FLEXPART-WRF modeling. (WRF: Weather Research and Forecasting, FLEXPART: Flexible Lagrangian particle dispersion model). Although the synoptic-scale typhoon In-fa was in dissipation stage when it passed through the NCP, it could still bring down stratospheric dry and ozone-rich airmass. As a result, the stratospheric airmass descended to the middle-to-low troposphere over the NCP before the MCS formed. With the pre-existed stratospheric airmass, the convective downdrafts of the MCS facilitated the final descending of stratospheric airmass to the surface. Significant surface ozone enhancement occurred in the convective downdraft regions during the development and propagation of the MCS. This study underscores the non-negligible roles of dying typhoons and shallow convection in the transport of stratospheric ozone to the troposphere and even the surface, which have important implications for air quality, tropospheric ozone budget, and climate change.
The effect of marine ice-nucleating particles on mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Raatikainen Tomi , Prank Marje , Ahola Jaakko , Kokkola Harri , Tonttila Juha , Romakkaniemi Sami
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Shallow marine mixed-phase clouds are important for the Earth's radiative balance, but modelling their formation and dynamics is challenging. These clouds depend on boundary layer turbulence and cloud top radiative cooling, which is related to the cloud phase. The fraction of frozen droplets depends on the availability of suitable ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which initiate droplet freezing. While mineral dust is the dominating INP type in most regions, high-latitude boundary layer clouds can be dependent on local marine INP emissions, which are often related to biogenic sources including phytoplankton. Here we use high resolution large eddy simulations to examine the potential effects of marine emissions on boundary layer INP concentrations and their effects on clouds. Surface emissions have a direct effect on INP concentration in a typical well-mixed boundary layer whereas a steep inversion can block the import of background INPs from the free troposphere. The importance of the marine source depends on the background INP concentration, so that marine INP emissions become more important with lower background INP concentrations. For the INP budget it is also important to account for INP recycling. Finally, with the high-resolution model we show how ice nucleation hotspots and high INP concentrations are focused on updraught regions. Our results show that marine INP emissions contribute directly to the boundary layer INP budget and therefore have an influence on mixed-phase clouds.
IRIS analyser assessment reveals sub-hourly variability of isotope ratios in carbon dioxide at Baring Head, New Zealand's atmospheric observatory in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Sperlich Peter , Brailsford Gordon W. , Moss Rowena C. , McGregor John , Martin Ross J. , Nichol Sylvia , Mikaloff-Fletcher Sara , Bukosa Beata , Mandic Magda , Schipper C. Ian , Krummel Paul , Griffiths Alan D.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We assess the performance of an isotope ratio infrared spectrometer (IRIS) to measure carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and report observations from a
26 d field deployment trial at Baring Head, New Zealand, NIWA's atmospheric observatory for Southern Ocean baseline air.
Our study describes an operational method to improve the performance in
comparison to previous publications on this analytical instrument. By using
a calibration technique that reflected the principle of identical treatment
of sample and reference gases, we achieved a reproducibility of 0.07 ‰ for δ13C-CO2 and 0.06 ‰ for δ18O-CO2 over multiple days. This performance is within the extended compatibility goal of 0.1 ‰ for both δ13C-CO2 and δ18O-CO2, which was recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Further improvement in measurement performance is desirable to also meet the WMO network compatibility goals of 0.01 ‰ for δ13C-CO2 and 0.05 ‰ for δ18O-CO2, which is needed to
resolve the small variability that is typical for background air
observatories such as Baring Head. One objective of this study was to assess the capabilities and limitations
of the IRIS analyser to resolve δ13C-CO2 and δ18O-CO2 variations under field conditions. Therefore, we selected multiple events within the 26 d record for Keeling plot analysis. This resolved the isotopic composition of endmembers with an uncertainty of ≤ 1 ‰ when the magnitude of CO2 signals is larger
than 10 ppm. The uncertainty of the Keeling plot analysis strongly increased for smaller CO2 events (2–7 ppm), where the instrument performance is the limiting factor and may only allow for the distinction between very different endmembers, such as the role of terrestrial versus oceanic carbon cycle processes.
Retrieval of greenhouse gases from GOSAT and greenhouse gases and carbon monoxide from GOSAT-2 using the FOCAL algorithm
Authors: Noël Stefan , Reuter Maximilian , Buchwitz Michael , Borchardt Jakob , Hilker Michael , Schneising Oliver , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P. , Di Noia Antonio , Parker Robert J. , Suto Hiroshi , Yoshida Yukio , Buschmann Matthias , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Feist Dietrich G. , Griffith David W. T. , Hase Frank , Kivi Rigel , Liu Cheng , Morino Isamu , Notholt Justus , Oh Young-Suk , Ohyama Hirofumi , Petri Christof , Pollard David F. , Rettinger Markus , Roehl Coleen M. , Rousogenous Constantina , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Shiomi Kei , Strong Kimberly , Sussmann Ralf , Té Yao , Velazco Voltaire A. , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Warneke Thorsten
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Recently, the Fast atmOspheric traCe gAs retrievaL (FOCAL) algorithm has been applied to measurements of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and its successor GOSAT-2. FOCAL has been originally developed for Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) retrievals with the focus on the derivation of carbon dioxide (XCO2). However, depending on the available spectral windows, FOCAL also successfully retrieves total column amounts for other atmospheric species. Here, we show new results from updated GOSAT and GOSAT-2 FOCAL retrievals. The main focus is placed on methane (XCH4; full physics and proxy product), water vapour (XH2O) and the relative ratio of semi-heavy water (HDO) to water vapour (δD). Due to the extended spectral range of GOSAT-2 it is also possible to derive information on carbon monoxide (XCO) and nitrous oxide (XN2O) for which we also show first results. We also present an update on XCO2 from both instruments. Compared to the previous product version (v1), the number of valid XCO2 data could be significantly increased in the updated version (v3.0) by 50 % for GOSAT and about a factor of two for GOSAT-2. All FOCAL data products show reasonable spatial distribution and temporal variations. Comparisons with TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) result in station-to-station biases which are generally in line with the reported TCCON uncertainties. With this updated version of the GOSAT-2 FOCAL data, we provide a first total column average XN2O product. Global XN2O maps show a gradient from the tropics to higher latitudes in the order of 15 ppb, which can be explained by variations in tropopause height. The new GOSAT-2 XN2O product compares well with TCCON. Its station-to-station variability is lower than 2 ppb, which is about the magnitude of the typical N2O variations close to the surface. However, both GOSAT-2 and TCCON measurements show that the seasonal variations in the total column average XN2O are in the order of 8 ppb peak-to-peak, which can be easily resolved by the GOSAT-2 FOCAL data.
A technique for volumetric incoherent scatter radar analysis
Authors: Stamm Johann , Vierinen Juha , Gustavsson Björn , Spicher Andres
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Volumetric measurements of the ionosphere are important for investigating spatial variations of ionospheric features, like auroral arcs and energy deposition in the ionosphere. In addition, such measurements make it possible to distinguish between variations in space and time. While spatial variations in scalar quantities such as electron density or temperature have been investigated with ISR before, spatial variation in the ion velocity, which is a vector quantity, has been hard to measure. The upcoming EISCAT3D radar will be able to do volumetric measurements of ion velocity regularly for the first time. In this article, we present a technique for relating volumetric measurements of ion velocity to neutral wind and electric field. To regularize the estimates, we use Maxwell's equations and fluid-dynamic constraints. The study shows that accurate volumetric estimates of electric field can be achieved. Electric fields can be resolved at altitudes above 120 km which is the altitude range where auroral current closure occurs. Neutral wind can be resolved at altitudes below 120 km.
The realization of autonomous, aircraft-based, real-time aerosol mass spectrometry in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Authors: Dragoneas Antonis , Molleker Sergej , Appel Oliver , Hünig Andreas , Böttger Thomas , Hermann Markus , Drewnick Frank , Schneider Johannes , Weigel Ralf , Borrmann Stephan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We report on the developments that enabled the field deployment of a fully-automated aerosol mass spectrometer, specially designed for high-altitude measurements on unpressurised aircraft. The merits of the two main categories of real-time aerosol mass spectrometry, i.e. (a) single particle laser desorption and ionization, and (b) continuous thermal desorption / electron impact ionization of aerosols, have been integrated into one compact apparatus with the aim to perform in-situ real-time analysis of aerosol chemical composition. The demonstrated instrument, named ERICA (European Research council Instrument for the Chemical composition of Aerosols), operated successfully aboard the high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica at altitudes up to 20 km, while being exposed to ambient conditions of very low atmospheric pressure and temperature. A primary goal of those field deployments was the in-situ study of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). During 11 research flights, the instrument operated for more than 49 hours and collected chemical composition information of more than 150,000 single particles combined with quantitative chemical composition analysis of aerosol particle ensembles. This paper presents in detail the technical characteristics of the main constituent parts of the instrument, as well as the design considerations for its integration into the aircraft and its autonomous operation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Additionally, system performance data from the first field deployments of the instrument are presented and discussed, together with exemplary mass spectrometry data collected during those flights.
Flow-Py v1.0: a customizable, open-source simulation tool to estimate runout and intensity of gravitational mass flows
Authors: D'Amboise Christopher J. L. , Neuhauser Michael , Teich Michaela , Huber Andreas , Kofler Andreas , Perzl Frank , Fromm Reinhard , Kleemayr Karl , Fischer Jan-Thomas
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Models and simulation tools for gravitational mass flows (GMFs) such as snow avalanches, rockfall, landslides, and debris flows are important for research, education, and practice. In addition to basic simulations and classic applications (e.g., hazard zone mapping), the importance and adaptability of GMF simulation tools for new and advanced applications (e.g., automatic classification of terrain susceptible for GMF initiation or identification of forests with a protective function) are currently driving model developments. In principle, two types of modeling approaches exist: process-based physically motivated and data-based empirically motivated models. The choice for one or the other modeling approach depends on the addressed question, the availability of input data, the required accuracy of the simulation output, and the applied spatial scale. Here we present the computationally inexpensive open-source GMF simulation tool Flow-Py. Flow-Py's model equations are implemented via the Python computer language and based on geometrical relations motivated by the classical data-based runout angle concepts and path routing in three-dimensional terrain. That is, Flow-Py employs a data-based modeling approach to identify process areas and corresponding intensities of GMFs by combining models for routing and stopping, which depend on local terrain and prior movement. The only required input data are a digital elevation model, the positions of starting zones, and a minimum of four model parameters. In addition to the major advantage that the open-source code is freely available for further model development, we illustrate and discuss Flow-Py's key advancements and simulation performance by means of three computational experiments. Implementation and validation. We provide a well-organized and easily adaptable solver and present its application to GMFs on generic topographies. Performance. Flow-Py's performance and low computation time are demonstrated by applying the simulation tool to a case study of snow avalanche modeling on a regional scale. Modularity and expandability. The modular and adaptive Flow-Py development environment allows access to spatial information easily and consistently, which enables, e.g., back-tracking of GMF paths that interact with obstacles to their starting zones. The aim of this contribution is to enable the reader to reproduce and understand the basic concepts of GMF modeling at the level of (1) derivation of model equations and (2) their implementation in the Flow-Py code. Therefore, Flow-Py is an educational, innovative GMF simulation tool that can be applied for basic simulations but also for more sophisticated and custom applications such as identifying forests with a protective function or quantifying effects of forests on snow avalanches, rockfall, landslides, and debris flows.
On the simulations of aerosol pH in China using WRF-Chem (v4.0): sensitivities of aerosol pH and its temporal variations in haze episodes
Authors: Ruan Xueyin , Zhao Chun , Zaveri Rahul A. , He Pengzhen , Wang Xinming , Shao Jingyuan , Geng Lei
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Precise estimation of aerosol pH in chemical transport models (CTMs) is critical to aerosol modeling and thus influencing policy development. We reported WRF-Chem simulated PM2.5 pH over China during a period with heavy haze episodes in Beijing, and explored the sensitivity of the modeled aerosol pH to factors including emissions of nonvolatile cations (NVCs) and NH3, aerosol phase state assumption and heterogeneous production of sulfate. We found default WRF-Chem could predict spatial patterns of PM2.5 pH over China similar to other CTMs, but with generally lower pH values largely due to the underestimates of alkaline species (NVCs and NH3) and the difference in thermodynamic treatments between different models. Increasing NH3 emissions in the model would improve the modeled pH in comparison with offline thermodynamic model calculations of pH constrained by observations. In addition, we found that aerosol phase state assumption and heterogeneous sulfate production are important in aerosol pH predictions for regions with low relative humidity (RH) and high anthropogenic SO2 emissions, respectively. These factors should be better constrained in model simulations of aerosol pH in the future. Analysis of the modeled temporal trend of PM2.5 pH in Beijing over a haze episode revealed a clear decrease in pH from 5.21 ± 0.88 in clean period to 3.56 ± 0.49 in heavily polluted period. The increased acidity in more polluted conditions is largely due to the formation and accumulation of secondary species including sulfuric acid and nitric acid, even though being modified by alkaline species (NVCs, NH3). Our result suggests that NO2 oxidation is unlikely to be important for heterogeneous sulfate production in Beijing haze as the effective pH for NO2 oxidation of S(IV) is at higher pH of ~6.
Flexible forecast value metric suitable for a wide range of decisions: application using probabilistic subseasonal streamflow forecasts
Authors: Laugesen Richard , Thyer Mark , McInerney David , Kavetski Dmitri
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Forecasts have the potential to improve decision-making but have not been widely evaluated because current forecast value methods have critical limitations. The ubiquitous Relative Economic Value (REV) metric is limited to binary decisions, cost-loss economic model, and risk neutral decision-makers. Expected Utility Theory can flexibly model more real-world decisions, but its application in forecasting has been limited and the findings are difficult to compare with those from REV. A new metric, Relative Utility Value (RUV), is developed using Expected Utility Theory. RUV has the same interpretation as REV which enables a systematic comparison of results, but RUV is more flexible and able to handle a wider range of real-world decisions because all aspects of the decision-context are user-defined. In addition, when specific assumptions are imposed it is shown that REV and RUV are equivalent. We demonstrate the key differences and similarities between the methods with a case study using probabilistic subseasonal streamflow forecasts in a catchment in the southern Murray-Darling Basin of Australia. The ensemble forecasts were more valuable than a reference climatology for all lead-times (max 30 days), decision types (binary, multi-categorical, and continuous-flow), and levels of risk aversion for most decision-makers. Beyond the second week however, decision-makers who were highly exposed to damages should use the reference climatology for the binary decision, and forecasts for the multi-categorical and continuous-flow decision. Risk aversion impact was governed by the relationship between the decision thresholds and the damage function, leading to a mixed impact across the different decision-types. The generality of RUV makes it applicable to any domain where forecast information is used for making decisions, and the flexibility enables forecast assessment tailored to specific decisions and decision-makers. It complements forecast verification and enables assessment of forecast systems through the lens of customer impact.
Mesoscale simulation of typhoon-generated storm surge: methodology and Shanghai case study
Authors: Dong Shuyun , Stephenson Wayne J. , Wakes Sarah , Chen Zhongyuan , Ge Jianzhong
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The increasing vulnerability of coastal megacities to
storm surge inundation means both infrastructure and populations are subject
to significant threat. Planning for further urban development should include
consideration of the changing circumstances in coastal cities to ensure a
sustainable future. A sustainable urban plan relies on sound preparedness
and prediction of future climate change and multiple natural hazards. In
light of these needs for urban planning, this paper develops a general
method to simulate typhoon-generated storm surge at the mesoscale (1–100 km in length). Mesoscale simulation provides a general approach with
reasonable accuracy that could be implemented for planning purposes while
having a relatively low computation resource requirement. The case study of
Shanghai was chosen to implement this method. The mesoscale simulations of
two historical typhoons not only provides realistic typhoon storm surge
inundation results at the city level but is also suitable for implementing
a large amount of simulations for future scenario studies. The method will
be generally applicable to all coastal cities around the world to examine
the effect of future climate change on typhoon-generated storm surge even
when historical observation data are inadequate or not available.
Radial anisotropy and S-wave velocity depict the internal to external zone transition within the Variscan orogen (NW Iberia)
Authors: Acevedo Jorge , Fernández-Viejo Gabriela , Llana-Fúnez Sergio , López-Fernández Carlos , Olona Javier , Pérez-Millán Diego
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The cross-correlation of ambient noise records registered by seismic networks has proven to be a valuable tool to obtain new insights into the
crustal structure at different scales. Based on 2 to 14 s period Rayleigh and Love dispersion data extracted from the seismic ambient noise
recorded by 20 three-component broadband stations belonging to two different temporary experiments, we present the first (i) upper-crustal
(1–12 km) high-resolution shear wave velocity and (ii) radial anisotropy variation models of the continental crust in NW Iberia. The area
of study represents one of the best-exposed cross sections along the Variscan orogen of western Europe, showing the transition between the external
eastern zones towards the internal areas in the west. Both the 2-D maps and an E–W transect reveal a close correspondence with the main geological
domains of the Variscan orogen. The foreland fold-and-thrust belt of the orogen, the Cantabrian Zone, is revealed by a zone of relatively low shear
wave velocities (2.3–3.0 km s−1), while the internal zones generally display higher homogeneous velocities
(> 3.1 km s−1). The boundary between the two zones is clearly delineated in the models, depicting the arcuate shape of the orogenic
belt. The velocity patterns also reveal variations of the elastic properties of the upper crust that can be linked to major Variscan structures,
such as the basal detachment of the Cantabrian Zone, the stack of nappes involving pre-Variscan basement, or sedimentary features such as the
presence of thick syn-orogenic siliciclastic wedges. Overall, the radial anisotropy magnitude varies between −5 % and 15 % and increases
with depth. The depth pattern suggests that the alignment of cracks is the main source of anisotropy at < 8 km depths, although the
intrinsic anisotropy seems to be significant in the West Asturian–Leonese Zone, the low-grade slate belt adjacent to the Cantabrian Zone. At
depths > 8 km, widespread high and positive radial anisotropies are observed, which we attribute to the presence of subhorizontal
alignments of grains and minerals in relation to the pre- or syn-orogenic deformation associated with the Variscan orogenesis.
Analisis Perbedaan Laporan Keuangan Komersial dan Laporan Keuangan Fiskal Atas Pajak Penghasilan Terhutang PT Prime Services
Authors: Shopuroh Eneng
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengakuan penghasilan menurut laporan keuangan komersial dan laporan keuangan fiskal pada PT PSI, perbedaan pengakuaan biaya menurut laporan keuangan komersial dan laporan keuangan fiskal pada PT PSI, dan rekonsiliasi laporan keuangan komersial dengan laporan keuangan fiskal pada PT PSI. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survey, yaitu teknik pengumpulan data dan studi keperpustakaan yang dilakukan dengan mempelajarai literatur-literatur yang berhubungan dengan laporan keuangan komersial maupun fiskal baik itu pernyataan-pernyataan, peraturan perundangundangan, dokumen-dokumen, artikel maupun literature lainnya yang membantu pemecahan masalah. selanjutnya dianalisis, diolah dan diinterpretasikan berdasarkan data yang didapat serta landasan teori yang ada. Terdapat perbedaan pengakuan penghasilan antara laporan keuangan komersial dan laporan keuangan fiskal. Penghasilan bunga yang diakui sebagai penghasilan lain-lain pada laporan keuangan komersial, pada saat pembuatan laporan keuangan fiskal dikoreksi karena penghasilan bunga tersebut bersifat final. Terdapat perbedaan biaya menurut laporan keuangan komersial dan laporan keuangan fiskal pada PT PSI. Biaya yang dikoreksi dan dikeluarkan dari pembebanan diantaranya biaya pajak penghasilan, jamuan dan representasi, entertainment, komunikasi, dan biaya lain-lainnya yang menurut peraturan perpajakan harus dikoreksi dari laporan keuangan fiskal karena tidak berhubungan langsung dengan kegiatan usaha perusahaan, nilainya tidak wajar, serta kurangnya bukti pendukung untuk dibebankan pada laporan keuangan fiskal.
Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Dengan Gaya Kepemimpinan Sebagai Variabel Moderating
Authors: Heliani
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem pengendalian manajemen terhadap kinerja manajerial serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem pengendalian manajemen terhadap kinerja manajerial dengan diperkuat oleh gaya kepemimpinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 20 perusahaan BUMN yang ada di Kota Bandung. Penentuan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dengan teknik convenience sampling. Variabel independen dan variable dependen dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan analisis regresi. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis pertama dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh sistem pengendalian manajemen terhadap kinerja manajerial pada perusahaan BUMN yang ada di Kota Bandung. Hipotesis kedua, berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis dapat disimpulkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan tidak memperkuat dalam pengaruh sistem pengendalian manajemen terhadap kinerja manajerial.
Hubungan Antara Variabel Ekonomi Makro dengan Pembiayaan UKM (Usaha Kecil Menengah) Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Hermawan Irwan , Herdina Vina
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah menguji Hubungan antara Variabel Makroekonomi dengan Pembiayaan Sektor Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) pada Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia, antara lain Pengaruh variabel BI Rate terhadap Pertumbuhan Pembiayaan sektor UKM Perbankan Syariah, Pengaruh variabel Nilai Tukar terhadap Pertumbuhan Pembiayaan Sektor UKM Perbankan Syariah, Pengaruh variabel PDB terhadap Pertumbuhan Pembiayaan UKM Perbankan Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan  pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang merupakan Data Time Series. Data dikumpulkan dari Laporan Triwulanan  OJK (Otoritas Layanan Keuangan).  Hubungan antara variabel makro dan pertumbuhan Pembiayaan UKM Perbankan Syariah, menjadikan variabel makro sebagai salah satu indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan pergerakan pertumbuhan Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah, variable-variabel Makro meliputi BI Rate, Nilai Tukar, dan PDB. Penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat bagi  pengembangan Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam di Indonesia, khususnya di sektor perbankan Islam, dengan memberikan informasi tambahan kepada publik tentang keunggulan sistem ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi penting bagi Sektor Perbankan Syariah dengan menginformasikan pengaruh Variabel Makroekonomi pada Pertumbuhan Pembiayaan UKM Perbankan Syariah.