bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of dachshund and Distal-less in distal pattern formation of the cricket leg during regeneration
Authors: Ishimaru Yoshiyasu , Nakamura Taro , Bando Tetsuya , Matsuoka Yuji , Ohuchi Hideyo , Noji Sumihare , Mito Taro
Published: February 2015

Cricket nymphs have the remarkable ability to regenerate a functional leg following amputation, indicating that the regenerating blastemal cells contain information for leg morphology. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie regeneration of leg patterns remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed phenotypes of the tibia and tarsus (three tarsomeres) obtained by knockdown with regeneration-dependent RNA interference (rdRNAi) against Gryllus dachshund (Gb'dac) and Distal-less (Gb'Dll). We found that depletion of Gb'Dll mRNA results in loss of the tarsal segments, while rdRNAi against Gb'dac shortens the tibia at the two most distal tarsomeres. These results indicate that Gb'Dll expression is indispensable for formation of the tarsus, while Gb'dac expression is necessary for elongation of the tibia and formation of the most proximal tarsomere. These findings demonstrate that mutual transcriptional regulation between the two is indispensable for formation of the tarsomeres, whereas Gb'dac is involved in determination of tibial size through interaction with Gb'ds/Gb'ft.
Fear renewal preferentially activates ventral hippocampal neurons projecting to both amygdala and prefrontal cortex in rats
Authors: Jin Jingji , Maren Stephen
Published: February 2015

Anxiety, trauma and stress-related disorders are often characterized by a loss of context-appropriate emotional responding. The contextual retrieval of emotional memory involves hippocampal projections to the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala; however the relative contribution of these projections is unclear. To address this question, we characterized retrieval-induced Fos expression in ventral hippocampal (VH) neurons projecting to the prelimbic cortex (PL) and basal amygdala (BA) after the extinction of conditioned fear in rats. After extinction, freezing behavior (an index of learned fear) to the auditory conditioned stimulus was suppressed in the extinction context, but was “renewed” in another context. Hippocampal neurons projecting to either PL or BA exhibited similar degrees of context-dependent Fos expression; there were more Fos-positive neurons in each area after the renewal, as opposed, to suppression of fear. Importantly, however, VH neurons projecting to both PL and BA were more likely to express Fos during fear renewal than neurons projecting to either PL or BA alone. These data suggest that although projections from the hippocampus to PL and BA are similarly involved in the contextual retrieval of emotional memories, VH neurons with collaterals to both areas may be particularly important for synchronizing prefrontal-amygdala circuits during fear renewal.
A high-resolution 2D J-resolved NMR detection technique for metabolite analyses of biological samples
Authors: Huang Yuqing , Zhang Zhiyong , Chen Hao , Feng Jianghua , Cai Shuhui , Chen Zhong
Published: February 2015

NMR spectroscopy is a commonly used technique for metabolite analyses. Due to the observed macroscopic magnetic susceptibility in biological tissues, current NMR acquisitions in measurements of biological tissues are generally performed on tissue extracts using liquid NMR or on tissues using magic-angle spinning techniques. In this study, we propose an NMR method to achieve high-resolution J-resolved information for metabolite analyses directly from intact biological samples. A dramatic improvement in spectral resolution is evident in our contrastive demonstrations on a sample of pig brain tissue. Metabolite analyses for a postmortem fish from fresh to decayed statuses are presented to further reveal the capability of the proposed method. This method is a previously-unreported high-resolution 2D J-resolved spectroscopy for biological applications without specialised hardware requirements or complicated sample pretreatments. It provides a significant contribution to metabolite analyses of biological samples and may be potentially applicable to in vivo samples. Furthermore, this method also can be applied to measurements of semisolid and viscous samples.
Hierarchical Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Gatt Ruben , Mizzi Luke , Azzopardi Joseph I. , Azzopardi Keith M. , Attard Daphne , Casha Aaron , Briffa Joseph , Grima Joseph N.
Published: February 2015

Auxetic mechanical metamaterials are engineered systems that exhibit the unusual macroscopic property of a negative Poisson's ratio due to sub-unit structure rather than chemical composition. Although their unique behaviour makes them superior to conventional materials in many practical applications, they are limited in availability. Here, we propose a new class of hierarchical auxetics based on the rotating rigid units mechanism. These systems retain the enhanced properties from having a negative Poisson's ratio with the added benefits of being a hierarchical system. Using simulations on typical hierarchical multi-level rotating squares, we show that, through design, one can control the extent of auxeticity, degree of aperture and size of the different pores in the system. This makes the system more versatile than similar non-hierarchical ones, making them promising candidates for industrial and biomedical applications, such as stents and skin grafts.
Determination of trichlorfon in samples of spicy vegetables using a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction technique
Authors: Xue Min , Shen Jingyao , Wang Dan , Yin Lei , Zhuang Xiaolei , Meng Zihui
Published: February 2015

Trichlorfon is a widely used organophosphate insecticide that has adverse effects on human health.
Neutral binuclear rare-earth metal complexes with four μ2-bridging hydrides
Authors: Rong Weifeng , He Dongliang , Wang Meiyan , Mou Zehuai , Cheng Jianhua , Yao Changguang , Li Shihui , Trifonov Alexander A. , Lyubov Dmitrii M. , Cui Dongmei
Published: February 2015

The first neutral dimeric rare-earth metal hydride complexes containing quadruply bridged hydrido ligands were prepared, in which the intramolecular activation triggered by a THF molecule has been observed.
Self-assembling triazolophanes: from croissants through donuts to spherical vesicles
Authors: Haridas V. , Sapala Appa Rao , Jasinski Jerry P.
Published: February 2015

A detailed ultramicroscopic analysis of three novel triazolophanes demonstrated a hierarchical self-assembly mechanism. These macrocycles self-assemble in a concentration dependent manner to hemi-toroids, toroids and finally to vesicles. The finding was supported by ultramicroscopy and X-ray crystal structure studies.
A non-aggregated and tumour-associated macrophage-targeted photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy: a novel zinc(ii) phthalocyanine containing octa-sulphonates
Authors: Li Xing-Shu , Ke Mei-Rong , Zhang Miao-Fen , Tang Qing-Qing , Zheng Bi-Yuan , Huang Jian-Dong
Published: February 2015

A novel non-aggregated zinc(ii) phthalocyanine bearing octa-sulphonates has been prepared which exhibits specific affinity to macrophages via the scavenger receptor-A, and can selectively accumulate in tumour site.
Extended supramolecular organization of π-systems using yet unexplored simultaneous intra- and inter-molecular H-bonding motifs of 1,3-dihydroxy derivatives
Authors: Mondal Tathagata , Basak Dipankar , Al Ouahabi Abdelaziz , Schmutz Marc , Mésini Philippe , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: February 2015

Simultaneous intra- and inter-molecular H-bonding among 1,3-dihydroxyl derivatives with acceptor chromophores leads to fibrillar gelation facilitating π-stacking and specific donor intercalation.
Electronic structure calculations of ESR parameters of melanin units
Authors: Batagin-Neto Augusto , Bronze-Uhle Erika Soares , Graeff Carlos Frederico de Oliveira
Published: February 2015

Electronic structure calculations were employed to evaluate spin hamiltonian parameters of distinct monomers and dimers of melanin. The results bring valuable insights regarding the nature of the sub-structures responsible for the intrinsic paramagnetism observed in this biomaterial and their roles in electrical conductivity.
Proton irradiation of DNA nucleosides in the gas phase
Authors: Poully Jean-Christophe , Miles Jordan , De Camillis Simone , Cassimi Amine , Greenwood Jason B.
Published: February 2015

Charge localization within nucleosides after proton irradiation is strongly influenced by the ionization energy of the base.
Effect of the components' interface on the synthesis of methanol over Cu/ZnO from CO2/H2: a microkinetic analysis based on DFT + U calculations
Authors: Tang Qian-Lin , Zou Wen-Tian , Huang Run-Kun , Wang Qi , Duan Xiao-Xuan
Published: February 2015

During the methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO catalysts, the phase interface was observed to supply spillover hydrogen to active copper sites.
Roles of proanthocyanidin rich extracts in obesity
Authors: Salvadó M. Josepa , Casanova Ester , Fernández-Iglesias Anabel , Arola Lluis , Bladé Cinta
Published: February 2015

Obesity is a multifactorial disorder involving an abnormal or excessive amount of body fat.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel Δ2-isoxazoline fused cyclopentane derivatives as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents
Authors: Prajapti Santosh Kumar , Shrivastava Shweta , Bihade Umesh , Gupta Ajay Kumar , Naidu V. G. M. , Banerjee Uttam Chand , Babu Bathini Nagendra
Published: February 2015

Novel Δ2-isoxazoline fused cyclopentane derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
Regulation of a nickel–cobalt efflux system and nickel homeostasis in a soil actinobacterium Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Kim Hae Mi , Ahn Bo-Eun , Lee Ju-Hyung , Roe Jung-Hye
Published: February 2015

In nickel-tolerantStreptomyces coelicolor, a highly nickel-sensitive regulator (Nur) for nickel uptake systems and an extremely insensitive regulator (NmtR) for a nickel efflux pump constitute the nickel homeostasis system.
Towards multicomponent MOFs via solvent-free synthesis under conventional oven and microwave assisted heating
Authors: Lanchas Mónica , Arcediano Sandra , Beobide Garikoitz , Castillo Oscar , Luque Antonio , Pérez-Yáñez Sonia
Published: February 2015

Solvent-free synthesis under conventional oven and microwave assisted heating to provide multicomponent MOFs.
Synthesis of monolateral and bilateral sulfur-heterocycle fused naphthalene diimides (NDIs) from monobromo and dibromo NDIs
Authors: Leng Bing , Lu Dong , Jia Xueshun , Yang Xiaodi , Gao Xike
Published: February 2015

Monolateral and bilateral sulfur-heterocycle fused naphthalene diimides (NDIs) are successfully synthesized from monobromo and dibromo NDIs via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions and the subsequent oxidative aromatization processes.
Pd(ii)-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to cyclic N-sulfonyl ketimine esters and a DFT study of its mechanism
Authors: Quan Mao , Yang Guoqiang , Xie Fang , Gridnev Ilya D. , Zhang Wanbin
Published: February 2015

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of cyclic ketimine esters is developed, which provides the desired product in up to 99% yield with up to 99% ee. The mechanism of enantioselection is studied using DFT calculation.
The influence of formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio on microstructure of B-OMCs
Authors: Song Jing , Zhang Yan , Liu Yujian
Published: February 2015

B-OMCs were successfully prepared via EISA method by using boron modified phenolic resins as both boron and carbon precursors. The molar ratio of formaldehyde/phenol has a significant effect on microstructure of B-OMCs and their boron content.
Eu3+:Y2O3@CNTs—a rare earth filled carbon nanotube nanomaterial with low toxicity and good photoluminescence properties
Authors: Yang Shangyuan , Hao Jian , Guo Xihong , Huang Huan , Cui Rongli , Lin Guoming , Li Cheng , Dong Jinquan , Sun Baoyun
Published: February 2015

New fluorescent nanomaterials—europium-doped yttria filled CNTs with low toxicity and good photoluminescence properties were synthesized using a supercritical method.
Utilization of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles and nickel oxide pillared montmorillonite nanocomposites for the adsorption of the drug dexamethasone from aqueous solutions
Authors: Fakhri Ali
Published: February 2015

The present study was undertaken to expand an impressive adsorbent and to study the adsorption process captivated in the adsorption of the drug dexamethasone from aqueous solution using the WO3 nanoparticles and nickel oxide pillared montmorillonite nanocomposites.
Synthesis of diallyl disulfide (DADS) induced gold nanoparticles: characterization and study of its biological activity in human leukemic cell-lines
Authors: Dasgupta Pritha , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Pal Rajat , Dasgupta Anjan Kumar , Sengupta (Bandyopadhayay) Sumita
Published: February 2015

Novel approaches to nanoparticle synthesis using herbal products and their potential application in treatments are now in the limelight of recent cancer research.
Three-dimensional graphene nanosheets/carbon nanotube paper as flexible electrodes for electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Yun Xiaoliang , Wang Jie , Shen Laifa , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: February 2015

An ultralight and highly conductive graphene nanosheet/carbon nanotube paper composites have been prepared as high-rate free-standing flexible electrodes for electrochemical capacitors.
Ionic liquid electrodeposition of Ge nanostructures on freestanding Ni-nanocone arrays for Li-ion battery
Authors: Hao Jian , Liu Xin , Liu Xusong , Liu Xiaoxu , Li Na , Ma Xiaoxuan , Zhang Yi , Li Yao , Zhao Jiupeng
Published: February 2015

With the growing demand for portable and wearable electronic devices, it is imperative to develop high-performance Li-ion batteries with long lifetimes.
Effect of aging conditions on the performance of dip coated platinum counter electrode based dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Mohanty Shyama Prasad , More Venumadhav , Bhargava Parag
Published: February 2015

Heat (60 °C)-illumination (H-I) leads to higher dissolution of platinum than room temperature-dark (R-D) in DSSC. Apart from this, desorption of additive or ions of electrolyte from TiO2are also responsible for decay in DSSC performance with aging.
Synthesis of highly dispersed cobalt catalyst for hydroformylation of 1-hexene
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Jian-Feng , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2015

A highly dispersed Co–Ru/SiO2(EG) catalyst, prepared by surface modification of a silica support, exhibited significantly high activity and yield of oxygenates in 1-hexene hydroformylation.
Dynamics of suspensions of hydrodynamically structured particles: analytic theory and applications to experiments
Authors: Riest Jonas , Eckert Thomas , Richtering Walter , Nägele Gerhard
Published: February 2015

An analytic toolbox is presented for the calculation of short-time and long-time transport properties of hydrodynamically structured particles suspensions.
Room temperature sequential ionic deposition (SID) of Ag2S nanoparticles on TiO2 hierarchical spheres for enhanced catalytic efficiency
Authors: Ong Wei Li , Lim Yee-Fun , Ting Ong June Lay , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: February 2015

Room temperature sequential ionic deposition (SID) of Ag2S nanoparticles on porous TiO2 hierarchical spheres for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting and photodegradation of methyl orange.
Binary PdM catalysts (M = Ru, Sn, or Ir) over a reduced graphene oxide support for electro-oxidation of primary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol) under alkaline conditions
Authors: Lim Eun Ja , Kim Youngmin , Choi Sung Mook , Lee Seonhwa , Noh Yuseong , Kim Won Bae
Published: February 2015

High metal loaded (60 wt%) binary PdM (M = Ru, Sn, Ir) catalysts were synthesized on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) for the electro-oxidation of simple alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol.
Electrospray induced surface activation of polystyrene microbeads for diagnostic applications
Authors: Foti Leonardo , Sionek Andre , Stori Elis Moura , Soares Paula Poli , Pereira Miriam Marzall , Krieger Marco Aurélio , Petzhold Cesar Liberato , Schreiner Wido Herwig , Soares Maurílio José , Goldenberg Samuel , Saul Cyro Ketzer
Published: February 2015

Proposed electrochemical reaction mechanism: (a) highly charged microbeads approach the electrolyte; (b) microbeads sink and are solvated by water molecules; (c) water oxidation reaction disrupts PS surface bonds; (d) oxygen is incorporated into the polymer chains.
Surface-immobilised micelles via cucurbit[8]uril-rotaxanes for solvent-induced burst release
Authors: Hu Chi , Zheng Yu , Yu Ziyi , Abell Chris , Scherman Oren A.
Published: February 2015

Surface-immobilised micelles via CB[8]-rotaxane host–guest recognition undergoes ‘burst’ release of cargo upon exposure to organic solvents.
A versatile approach to obtain a high-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion with conjugated polymers
Authors: Han Jie , Ji Qiyan , Qiu Song , Li Hongbo , Zhang Suxia , Jin Hehua , Li Qingwen
Published: February 2015

We provide a versatile and facile route for the sorting of s-SWCNTs with improved purity.
APTEC: aptamer-tethered enzyme capture as a novel rapid diagnostic test for malaria
Authors: Dirkzwager Roderick M. , Kinghorn Andrew B. , Richards Jack S. , Tanner Julian A.
Published: February 2015

APTEC: aptamer-tethered enzyme capture as a novel rapid diagnostic test for malaria.
Engineering of carbon based nanomaterials by ring-opening reactions of a reactive azlactone graphene platform
Authors: Neri G. , Scala A. , Barreca F. , Fazio E. , Mineo P. G. , Mazzaglia A. , Grassi G. , Piperno A.
Published: February 2015

An efficient approach to functionalize graphene-based materials with primary amines using azlactones grafted on graphene surfaces is reported.
N-Annulated perylene-based metal-free organic sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yang Liu , Zheng Zhiwei , Li Yan , Wu Wenjun , Tian He , Wang Zhaohui
Published: February 2015

A series of novel metal-free organic sensitizers based on N-annulated perylene derivatives have been conveniently synthesized, and the DSCs exhibit overall conversion efficiencies ranging from 4.90% to 8.28%.
Unusual product formation in a 1,1-carboboration reaction
Authors: Eller Christina , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Erker Gerhard
Published: February 2015

The reaction of the cross-conjugated enediyne Me2CC(CCSiMe3)2with B(C6F5)3gives the unusual borabicyclo[4.3.0]nonadiene product.
Pyridine versus acetonitrile coordination in rhodium–N-heterocyclic carbene square-planar complexes
Authors: Palacios Laura , Di Giuseppe Andrea , Castarlenas Ricardo , Lahoz Fernando J. , Pérez-Torrente Jesús J. , Oro Luis A.
Published: February 2015

Experimental and theoretical studies on the factors that control the coordination chemistry of N-donor ligands in square-planar complexes of the type RhCl(NHC)L1L2 (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) are presented.
Coexistence of electrical conductivity and ferromagnetism in a hybrid material formed from reduced graphene oxide and manganese oxide
Authors: Murashima Yusuke , Ohtani Ryo , Matsui Takeshi , Takehira Hiroshi , Yokota Ryotaro , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: February 2015

The coexistence of electrical conductivity and ferromagnetism has been achieved in a reduced graphene oxide and manganese oxide hybrid (rGO–Mn).
The texture, sensory properties and stability of cookies prepared with wax oleogels
Authors: Yılmaz Emin , Öğütcü Mustafa
Published: February 2015

Hazelnut oil-beeswax and hazelnut oil-sunflower wax oleogels were used successfully in cookie preparation, and the cookies were liked by the consumers better than cookies made with the commercial bakery shortening.
A benzotriazole-mediated route to protected marine-derived hetero-2,5-diketopiperazines containing proline
Authors: Nsengiyumva Olivier , Hamedzadeh Sadra , McDaniel James , Macho Jocelyn , Simpson Grant , Panda Siva S. , Ha Khanh , Lebedyeva Iryna , Faidallah Hassan M. , AL-Mohammadi Manal Metgen , Hall C. Dennis , Katritzky Alan R.
Published: February 2015

Dipeptidoyl benzotriazolides containing proline were cyclized by triethylamine into 2,5-diketopiperazines.
Dye immobilization in halochromic nanofibers through blend electrospinning of a dye-containing copolymer and polyamide-6
Authors: Steyaert Iline , Vancoillie Gertjan , Hoogenboom Richard , De Clerck Karen
Published: February 2015

Halochromic polyamide6-based fabrics with drastically reduced dye-leaching through blend electrospinning of PA6 with dye-functionalized copolymer.
Lewis acid catalyzed Nazarov type cyclization for the synthesis of a substituted indane framework: total synthesis of (±)-mutisianthol
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Boda Raghavender , Murhade Ganesh M.
Published: February 2015

A new synthetic route has been developed for the synthesis of a substituted indane derivative using Lewis acid catalyzed modified Nazarov type cyclization, which was further applied in the total synthesis of mutisianthol and epi-mutisianthol in a nine step longest linear sequence.
Asymmetric synthesis of (αS)-polyfluoroalkylated N-Boc-prolinols by the diethyl zinc-induced asymmetric Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of perfluoroalkyl N-Boc-pyrrolidyl ketones
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Iwata Hiroki , Yano Yosuke , Kubota Yasuhiro , Matsui Masaki
Published: February 2015

Asymmetric synthesis of (αS)-polyfluoroalkylated prolinols by the asymmetric Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley-type reduction of perfluoroalkyl N-Boc-pyrrolidyl ketones with Et2Zn has been developed.
TEMP and copper cocatalyzed oxygenation of ketones with molecular oxygen: chemoselective synthesis of α-ketoesters
Authors: Huang Xiaoqiang , Li Xinwei , Zou Miancheng , Pan Jun , Jiao Ning
Published: February 2015

A practical approach to α-ketoesters through TEMP and copper cocatalyzed chemoselective oxidative coupling of methyl ketones with alcohols is developed.
High efficiency, fully inkjet printed organic solar cells with freedom of design
Authors: Eggenhuisen T. M. , Galagan Y. , Biezemans A. F. K. V. , Slaats T. M. W. L. , Voorthuijzen W. P. , Kommeren S. , Shanmugam S. , Teunissen J. P. , Hadipour A. , Verhees W. J. H. , Veenstra S. C. , Coenen M. J. J. , Gilot J. , Andriessen R. , Groen W. A.
Published: February 2015

All-inkjet printed large area organic solar cells deposited from environmentally friendly solvents are demonstrated for the first time.
Cation and anion ordering in Sr2Si7Al3ON13 phosphors
Authors: King Graham , Ishida Kunio , Page Katharine , Fukuda Yumi , Albessard Ariane Keiko , Hattori Yasushi , Hiramatsu Ryosuke , Mitsuishi Iwao , Okada Aoi , Kato Masahiro , Fukushima Noburu
Published: February 2015

A series of photoluminescent Ce3+ doped samples with compositions close to Sr2Si7Al3ON13:Ce have been studied by neutron powder diffraction to determine the Si4+/Al3+ and N3−/O2− site ordering.
Heteroleptic Ir(iii) phosphors with bis-tridentate chelating architecture for high efficiency OLEDs
Authors: Tong Bihai , Ku Hsiao-Yun , Chen I.-Jen , Chi Yun , Kao Hao-Che , Yeh Chia-Chi , Chang Chih-Hao , Liu Shih-Hung , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Chou Pi-Tai
Published: February 2015

Emissive Ir(iii) complexes bearing two tridentate chelates were synthesized. The multiple coordination mode of the chelate warrants a new class of metal-based phosphors for OLED applications.
Regulated stability of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase requires intrinsic but not ongoing activity
Authors: Wang Xuemin , Xie Jianling , da Mota Sergio Regufe , Moore Claire E. , Proud Christopher G.
Published: February 2015

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is activated under diverse stress conditions, where it aids cell survival but also undergoes degradation. We show that degradation of eEF2K requires it to be in an active state but does not require its activity.
Optimal planning of energy hubs in interconnected energy systems: a case study for natural gas and electricity
Authors: Salimi Mohammad , Ghasemi Hassan , Adelpour Mohammad , Vaez‐ZAdeh Sadegh
Published: February 2015

In an energy hub, each energy carrier can be converted to other forms of energy to meet electricity, heating and cooling power demand in an optimal manner. In this study, a framework is presented to optimally design and size interconnected energy hubs. It considers physical constraints on natural gas and electricity networks and environmental issues. The proposed design methodology decides on which components should be allocated to each hub and in what capacity. It includes combined heat and power, boiler, absorption chiller, compression chiller, electricity storage (Li‐ion battery) and heat storage. The model also considers incentive policies to install distributed generation thus reducing emissions. Furthermore, it takes energy supply reliability based on availability of components into account. This model can help with conducting studies related to planning future energy systems with interconnected energy hubs. The proposed model has been simulated on an interconnected test system, which represents a municipal district with three energy hubs.
Sigma‐Z‐source inverters
Authors: Soon Jing Jun , Low Kay‐Soon
Published: February 2015

To increase the boost capability with minimum passive components, existing transformer‐based Z‐source inverter (ZSI) topologies require the turn ratio to be increased. This results in larger transformer windings to be used in high dc–ac voltage gain applications. This shortcoming is addressed in this study by introducing a sigma‐ZSI (ΣZSI) that improves the dc–ac voltage gain by reducing the turn ratio leading to a lower winding transformer. The proposed topology is compared with the TZSI as they used the same number of transformers and capacitors configured in an X‐shaped network. The comparison shows that the ΣZSI will have a higher dc–ac voltage gain at a turn ratio lower than 1.618 for a given shoot‐through duty cycle allowing the use of smaller transformers. Simulation and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed ΣZSI.
Bridgeless converter with input resistance control for low‐power energy harvesting applications
Authors: Hsieh Chen‐Yu , Moallem Mehrdad , Golnaraghi Farid
Published: February 2015

In this study, a new switched‐mode bridgeless converter operating in the discontinuous conduction mode is presented along with an input resistance control scheme. Through feedback control, the converter‐battery circuitry synthesises variable line resistor with regenerative capability is intended for large‐scale electromagnetic‐based energy harvesting systems. For instance, the circuit can operate as a vehicular regenerative damper through converting vibration energy into battery charge. Analysis of the power converter in various switching modes is presented along with implementation of a control method for synthesising a desired input resistance. Experimental and simulation results are presented that highlight operations and power efficiencies of the proposed power converter along with its control scheme.
High step‐up pulse‐width modulation DC–DC converter based on quasi‐Z‐source topology
Authors: Patidar Keshav , Umarikar Amod C.
Published: February 2015

In this study, a new high step‐up non‐isolated DC–DC converter is proposed. This converter is derived from quasi‐Z‐source inverter and quadratic boost converter. Compared with these converters, it gives higher gain at the same duty ratio. Steady‐state analysis for the proposed converter operating in continuous conduction mode is presented. Expressions for power loss in each component and gain for non‐ideal converter are derived. Design expressions for various elements of converter are derived. A small‐signal model is derived and controller design is discussed. A prototype is implemented in laboratory to verify the performance of the converter. Experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Duality approach to the study of switched‐inductor power converters and its higher‐order variations
Authors: Cheng Ka Wai Eric , Ye Yuan‐mao
Published: February 2015

Switched‐inductor technique is a duality counterpart of the conventional switched‐capacitor technique. On the other hand, the duality principle is also a useful technique for power converter topology study that is now illustrated by a duality between conventional switched‐capacitor and the switched‐inductor. The basic switched‐inductor converters with current conversions 2, 1/2 and −1 are derived using the duality principle to basic switched‐capacitor converters. The operation principle and conversion method have been illustrated in detail. High order of current conversion is also illustrated using the switched‐inductor concept. For high step‐down version, only two transistors are needed. For high step‐up version, the number of transistors is equal to the step‐up conversion ratio. Simulation and experimental tests have confirmed the proposed new concept of power conversion. This study presents a useful study guideline to the switching techniques, current sharing and the duality principle for the converters. The converters find applications to power up current‐based loads such as light‐emitting diode in a digitised manner. The circuits can also be used to provide conversion for current source such as photovoltaic to give multiple or fractional current output. Current mode controlled electrical machine can also be realised easily by the proposed circuit.
Space‐Doppler adaptive processing for radar imaging of moving targets masked by ground clutter
Authors: Bacci Alessio , Martorella Marco , Gray Douglas Andrew , Berizzi Fabrizio
Published: February 2015

Non‐cooperative moving targets appear defocused within synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and, in the case of ground targets, the blurring effect because of the uncompensated target motion decreases the radar's detection capabilities. Ground clutter, if sufficiently strong, may also obscure individual scatterers on moving targets resulting in a decreased ability to successfully classify the target. In this study, clutter suppression and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging are combined to obtain high‐resolution images of non‐cooperative moving ground targets within SAR images. The clutter suppression technique proposed here is ISAR application oriented and is termed space‐Doppler adaptive processing. Results obtained by processing a real dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Radar target classification using support vector machine and subspace methods
Authors: Liu Jia , Fang Ning , Xie Yong Jun , Wang Bao Fa
Published: February 2015

Target classification is a significant research direction in radar field. The range profile is a good target electromagnetic scattering characteristic for real‐time target classification. This study proposes a novel method which combines support vector machine (SVM) and subspace methods to achieve complex target classification. The performances of SVM and three representative subspace methods are analysed using range profiles generated by graphical electromagnetic computing method. Experimental results demonstrate that SVM classifier has better robustness in sample variation than conventional classifiers. The auxiliary effects of three subspace methods on classification have respective preponderances in different aspects.
Strategies for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional field computation in the design of permanent magnet motors
Authors: Wojciechowski Rafal Marek , Jedryczka Cezary , Demenko Andrzej , Sykulski Jan K.
Published: February 2015

This study discusses strategies for the design of permanent magnet motors (PMMs) exploiting two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D field models. Five most common methodologies are compared and errors arising from 2D classical models considered. Examples comparing 2D and 3D results are presented and discussed for two selected types of motors. An approach has been put forward which allows the accuracy of classical 2D models to be improved by introducing correction coefficients arising from preliminary 3D simulations. A possibility of employing quasi‐3D models has also been explored for the design and analysis of PMMs with the stator and rotor lamination packets of different lengths. Comparative analysis of results has been provided arising from the 2D and 3D models for a classical and a double rotor PMM.
Competitive co‐evolutionary algorithm for constrained robust design
Authors: Li Min , Guimarães Frederico , Lowther David A.
Published: February 2015

A competitive co‐evolutionary algorithm is proposed to solve constrained robust design problems. The method uses three populations, among which one population evolves the values of the design variables and the other two evolve the values of two uncertainty variables, accounting for the target and feasibility robustness, respectively. An application to the robust design (minimisation of torque ripples) of an interior permanent magnet machine is presented. Through a worst case analysis, the result from the co‐evolutionary algorithm is proven to have a more robust performance than that of the non‐robust optimisation if manufacturing tolerance is taken into account. The computation time of the co‐evolutionary algorithm may be significantly reduced through the use of parallel computing environments.
Molten salt‐assisted template synthesis of lithium‐rich layered oxide 0.3Li2MnO3 ·0.7LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 nanorods as lithium‐ion battery cathode
Authors: Zhao Chenhao , Hu Zhibiao , Shen Qiang
Published: February 2015

Lithium‐rich layered oxide 0.3Li2MnO3 ·0.7LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 nanorods have been prepared by a KCl molten salt‐assisted template route. The nanorods can well retain the rod‐like structure of a β‐MnO2 template, and have the length of several hundred nanometres and diameters of about one hundred nanometres. In comparison with the sample obtained from immediate solid‐state reaction, the molten salt treatment can help improve the phase purity and decrease the particle size. As a lithium‐ion battery cathode, the KCl‐treated nanorods deliver an initial discharge capacity of 242.9 mAh g−1 with a high Coulombic efficiency of 83.6% at a current density of 20 mA g−1 within 2.0–4.7 V. After 60 cycles, a discharge capacity of 150.8 mAh g−1 can be retained at 0.5 C. Even at a high charge–discharge rate of 4 C (800 mA g−1), a stable capacity of 104.2 mAh g−1 can be reached, while the sample obtained from solid‐state reaction only delivers an initial discharge capacity of 179.1 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1.
High-temperature performance of MoS2 thin-film transistors: Direct current and pulse current-voltage characteristics
Authors: Jiang C. , Rumyantsev S. L. , Samnakay R. , Shur M. S. , Balandin A. A.
Published: February 2015

We report on fabrication of MoS2 thin-film transistors (TFTs) and experimental investigations of their high-temperature current-voltage characteristics. The measurements show that MoS2 devices remain functional to temperatures of at least as high as 500 K. The temperature increase results in decreased threshold voltage and mobility. The comparison of the direct current (DC) and pulse measurements shows that the direct current sub-linear and super-linear output characteristics of MoS2 thin-films devices result from the Joule heating and the interplay of the threshold voltage and mobility temperature dependences. At temperatures above 450 K, a kink in the drain current occurs at zero gate voltage irrespective of the threshold voltage value. This intriguing phenomenon, referred to as a “memory step,” was attributed to the slow relaxation processes in thin films similar to those in graphene and electron glasses. The fabricated MoS2 thin-film transistors demonstrated stable operation after two months of aging. The obtained results suggest new applications for MoS2 thin-film transistors in extreme-temperature electronics and sensors.
Simultaneous position and mass determination of a nanoscale-thickness cantilever sensor in viscous fluids
Authors: Hong Seongkyeol , Kim Deokman , Park Junhong , Jang Jaesung
Published: February 2015

We report simultaneous determination of the mass and position of micro-beads attached to a nanoscale-thickness cantilever sensor by analyzing wave propagations along the cantilever while taking into account viscous and inertial loading due to a surrounding fluid. The fluid-structure interaction was identified by measuring the change in the wavenumber under different fluid conditions. The predicted positions and masses agreed with actual measurements. Even at large mass ratios (6%–21%) of the beads to the cantilever, this wave approach enabled accurate determination of the mass and position, demonstrating the potential for highly accurate cantilever sensing of particle-based bio-analytes such as bacteria.
Theoretical modeling of temperature dependent catalyst-assisted growth of conical carbon nanotube tip by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process
Authors: Tewari Aarti , Sharma Suresh C.
Published: February 2015

A theoretical model has been developed to examine the effect of substrate temperature on the growth of the conical carbon nanotube (CNT) tip assisted by the catalyst in a reactive plasma. The growth rate of the CNT with conical tip because of diffusion and accretion of ions on catalyst nanoparticle including the charging rate of the CNT, kinetics of plasma species, and the evolution of the substrate temperature in reactive plasma has been taken into account. The effect of substrate temperature for different ion densities and temperatures on the growth of the conical CNT tip has been investigated for typical glow discharge plasma parameters. The results of the present model can serve as a major tool in better understanding of plasma heating effects on the growth of CNTs.
Redox-active on-surface polymerization of single-site divalent cations from pure metals by a ketone-functionalized phenanthroline
Authors: Skomski Daniel , Tempas Christopher D. , Bukowski Gregory S. , Smith Kevin A. , Tait Steven L.
Published: February 2015

Metallic iron, chromium, or platinum mixing with a ketone-functionalized phenanthroline ligand on a single crystal gold surface demonstrates redox activity to a well-defined oxidation state and assembly into thermally stable, one dimensional, polymeric chains. The diverging ligand geometry incorporates redox-active sub-units and bi-dentate binding sites. The gold surface provides a stable adsorption environment and directs growth of the polymeric chains, but is inert with regard to the redox chemistry. These systems are characterized by scanning tunnelling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The relative propensity of the metals to interact with the ketone group is examined, and it is found that Fe and Cr more readily complex the ligand than Pt. The formation and stabilization of well-defined transition metal single-sites at surfaces may open new routes to achieve higher selectivity in heterogeneous catalysts.
Emission constrained economic dispatch for hybrid energy system in the presence of distributed generation and energy storage
Authors: Pazheri F. R. , Othman M. F. , Malik N. H. , Khan Y.
Published: February 2015

Due to the concerns about the increasing price of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions and energy supply sustainability, power utilities are being forced to examine their operational policies. The use of hybrid power system and the minimization of overall generation cost of such systems employing distributed generation and distributed energy storage facilities with limited amounts of pollutants emission is the main objective of the optimization carried out in this work. The analysis considers the generation cost of thermal, renewable and storage based hybrid power plants along with the cost paid for health and environmental damages caused by the emissions. The analysis is carried out using MATLAB simulations with sequential quadratic programming algorithm. It is shown that the actual cost of fossil fuel based electricity generation is higher than that of the renewable power generation if the hidden costs of conventional generation related to environmental impacts are considered as well.
Influence of Bi on embedded nanocrystal formation and thermoelectric properties of GaAs
Authors: Warren M. V. , Canniff J. C. , Chi H. , Naab F. , Stoica V. A. , Clarke R. , Uher C. , Goldman R. S.
Published: February 2015

We have examined the influence of Bi on embedded nanocomposite formation and the resulting thermoelectric properties of GaAs. Bi implantation amorphizes the GaAs matrix, reducing both the free carrier concentration (n) and the electrical conductivity (σ). Following rapid thermal annealing, the matrix is transformed to single crystal GaAs with embedded Bi nanocrystals (NCs). In comparison to a GaAs reference, the Bi NC-containing films exhibit a sizeable reduction in thermal conductivity (κ), leading to a 30% increase in the thermoelectric figure-of-merit. We also present a universal trend for the influence of microstructure on the n-dependence of σ and κ.
Model space diabatization for quantum photochemistry
Authors: Li Shaohong L. , Truhlar Donald G. , Schmidt Michael W. , Gordon Mark S.
Published: February 2015

Diabatization is a procedure that transforms multiple adiabatic electronic states to a new representation in which the potential energy surfaces and the couplings between states due to the electronic Hamiltonian operator are smooth, and the couplings due to nuclear momentum are negligible. In this work, we propose a simple and general diabatization strategy, called model space diabatization, that is applicable to multi-configuration quasidegenerate perturbation theory (MC-QDPT) or its extended version (XMC-QDPT). An advantage over previous diabatization schemes is that dynamical correlation calculations are based on standard post-multi-configurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) multi-state methods even though the diabatization is based on state-averaged MCSCF results. The strategy is illustrated here by applications to LiH, LiF, and thioanisole, with the fourfold-way diabatization and XMC-QDPT, and the results illustrate its validity.
Comparison of the local binding motifs in the imidazolium-based ionic liquids [EMIM][BF4] and [EMMIM][BF4] through cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation spectroscopy: Unraveling the roles of anharmonicity and intermolecular interactions
Authors: Fournier Joseph A. , Wolke Conrad T. , Johnson Christopher J. , McCoy Anne B. , Johnson Mark A.
Published: February 2015

We clarify the role of the critical imidazolium C(2)H position (the central C between N atoms in the heterocycle) in the assembly motif of the [EMIM][BF4] ionic liquid by analyzing the vibrational spectra of the bare EMIM+ ion as well as that of the cationic [EMIM]2[BF4]+ (EMIM+ = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, C6H11N2+) cluster. Vibrational spectra of the cold, mass-selected ions are obtained using cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation of weakly bound D2 molecules formed in a 10 K ion trap. The C(2)H behavior is isolated by following the evolution of key vibrational features when the C(2) hydrogen, the proposed binding location of the anion to the imidazolium ring, is replaced by either deuterium or a methyl group (i.e., in the EMMIM+ analogue). Strong features in the ring CH stretching region of the bare ion are traced to Fermi resonances with overtones of lower frequency modes. Upon incorporation into the EMIM+ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ BF4− ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ EMIM+ ternary complex, the C(2)H oscillator strength is dramatically increased, accounting for the much more complicated patterns derived from the EMIM+ ring CH stretches in the light isotopomer, which are strongly suppressed in the deuterated analogue. Further changes in the spectra that occur when the C(2)H is replaced by a methyl group are consistent with BF4− attachment directly to the imidazolium ring in an arrangement that maximizes the electrostatic interaction between the molecular ions.
Electronic excitation of carbonyl sulphide (COS) by high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption and electron-impact spectroscopy in the energy region from 4 to 11 eV
Authors: Limão-Vieira P. , Ferreira da Silva F. , Almeida D. , Hoshino M. , Tanaka H. , Mogi D. , Tanioka T. , Mason N. J. , Hoffmann S. V. , Hubin-Franskin M.-J. , Delwiche J.
Published: February 2015

The electronic state spectroscopy of carbonyl sulphide, COS, has been investigated using high resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy in the energy range of 4.0–10.8 eV. The spectrum reveals several new features not previously reported in the literature. Vibronic structure has been observed, notably in the low energy absorption dipole forbidden band assigned to the (4π←3π) (1Δ←1Σ+) transition, with a new weak transition assigned to (1Σ−←1Σ+) reported here for the first time. The absolute optical oscillator strengths are determined for ground state to 1Σ+ and 1Π transitions. Based on our recent measurements of differential cross sections for the optically allowed (1Σ+ and 1Π) transitions of COS by electron impact, the optical oscillator strength f0 value and integral cross sections (ICSs) are derived by applying a generalized oscillator strength analysis. Subsequently, ICSs predicted by the scaling are confirmed down to 60 eV in the intermediate energy region. The measured absolute photoabsorption cross sections have been used to calculate the photolysis lifetime of carbonyl sulphide in the upper stratosphere (20–50 km).
Does DFT-SAPT method provide spectroscopic accuracy?
Authors: Shirkov Leonid , Makarewicz Jan
Published: February 2015

Ground state potential energy curves for homonuclear and heteronuclear dimers consisting of noble gas atoms from He to Kr were calculated within the symmetry adapted perturbation theory based on the density functional theory (DFT-SAPT). These potentials together with spectroscopic data derived from them were compared to previous high-precision coupled cluster with singles and doubles including the connected triples theory calculations (or better if available) as well as to experimental data used as the benchmark. The impact of midbond functions on DFT-SAPT results was tested to study the convergence of the interaction energies. It was shown that, for most of the complexes, DFT-SAPT potential calculated at the complete basis set (CBS) limit is lower than the corresponding benchmark potential in the region near its minimum and hence, spectroscopic accuracy cannot be achieved. The influence of the residual term δ(HF) on the interaction energy was also studied. As a result, we have found that this term improves the agreement with the benchmark in the repulsive region for the dimers considered, but leads to even larger overestimation of potential depth De. Although the standard hybrid exchange-correlation (xc) functionals with asymptotic correction within the second order DFT-SAPT do not provide the spectroscopic accuracy at the CBS limit, it is possible to adjust empirically basis sets yielding highly accurate results.
Asynchronous symmetry-based sequences for homonuclear dipolar recoupling in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Tan Kong Ooi , Rajeswari M. , Madhu P. K. , Ernst Matthias
Published: February 2015

We show a theoretical framework, based on triple-mode Floquet theory, to analyze recoupling sequences derived from symmetry-based pulse sequences, which have a non-vanishing effective field and are not rotor synchronized. We analyze the properties of one such sequence, a homonuclear double-quantum recoupling sequence derived from the C721 sequence. The new asynchronous sequence outperforms the rotor-synchronized version for spin pairs with small dipolar couplings in the presence of large chemical-shift anisotropy. The resonance condition of the new sequence is analyzed using triple-mode Floquet theory. Analytical calculations of second-order effective Hamiltonian are performed to compare the efficiency in suppressing second-order cross terms. Experiments and numerical simulations are shown to corroborate the results of the theoretical analysis.