bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A geographical study of crime against women in India
Authors:   Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, Shukla Shreyanshi , Tiwari Seema ,   Geography Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Published: May 2022

Despite the existence of various laws and legislations, the crime against women has been increasing continuously. The crime rate (per lakh women) in India has drastically increased from 18 to 58.8 from 2010 to 2018. This paper aims to reveal the trend and spatial pattern of the level of vulnerability of women’s in India and also analyse the correlation between some socio-economic indicators and crime rates against women. The standard deviation (SD) technique is used to measure the respective vulnerability of women in different states/UTs of India concerning the national average. Pearson coefficient of correlation is used to find out the correlation between the rate of crime and socio-economic indicators. The average crime rate against women from 2010 to 2018 is taken as a standard variable. Due to the under-reporting of such kinds of incidences, it is hard to find the exact trend and spatial pattern. If the official data are likely to show the reality then it is possible to look at regional patterns and it can lead to meaningful hypotheses formation for future work.
Assessment of drinking water quality supplied to primary schools: A case study of Ballia city, Uttar Pradesh
Authors:   Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, Verma Kamlesh , Rai Vinay Kumar ,   Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Published: May 2022

Massive urbanization and industrialization are playing a catalytic role in increasing water demand which leads to fast extraction and contamination of drinking water. The process of rapid urbanization is creating serious challenges related to proper water supply with quality and quantity. The research aims to assess the quality of drinking water supplied to primary schools of different wards in Ballia city. Water samples to test the quality of drinking water have been collected from India Mark II hand pumps from different wards. These water samples have been tested in the laboratory and data are tabulated, analyzed in excel software. Distribution maps are prepared with the help of Arc GIS. This study reveals that the pH level of the entire city is good but TDS is above the permissible limit at some primary schools i.e. Neuri (599 mg/l) and Vijayipur (542 mg/l). The concentration of hardness, alkalinity and calcium are above the permissible level of BIS standard while the concentration of magnesium and Sulphate is below the permissible limit of BIS in all primary schools.
Exploring the prospect of Varanasi city for rail-based transit-oriented devevelopment: Insights from select theories and practices
Authors: Banerjee Iman
Published: May 2022

Transit-oriented development has emerged as an admired concept among spatial policymakers and regional planners, as it can contribute to a more feasible transportation system along with sustainable urban development practices. However, successful implementation of transit-oriented development is associated with a host of issues that are both social and economic in nature. This paper aims to throw light on the notion of rail-based transit-oriented development with a specic focus on the prospect of Varanasi city and its recently redeveloped Banaras railway station. This research is grounded on the existing literature and the information available in the public domain. The study refers to some international examples to show the implications of transit-oriented development initiatives on the fabrication of a more liveable and sustainable type of cityscape. Additionally, it takes insights from contemporary Indian initiatives that depict a well-realisation of the potential of railway stations as transit-oriented development sites, which ultimately aims to achieve the broader goal of sustainable urban and transport development throughout the entire length and width of the country.
Nexus Between Renewable Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Economic Growth: Evidence from IEA Countries
Authors: Koç Mustafa , Kıymaz Kıvraklar Merve , Mert Nilcan
Published: May 2022

The need for energy sources is increasing day by day. However, limited energy resources lead economies to use renewable energy resources. This paper explores the relations between renewable energy consumption, financial development, and economic growth. The study employs ARDL approach to investigate the long-term and short-term cointegration correlations between variables. The current paper focuses on the period 1996-2017 to investigate whether financial development indicators can play a role on renewable energy consumption for twelve IEA countries. According to panel cointegration test results, long-term variables are statistically significant. Also economic growth is observed affecting renewable energy consumption positively in the short term. According to panel causality test results in the short-term there is relation between financial development and renewable energy consumption, and economic growth and renewable energy consumption. Finally, the use of subcomponents of financial development indicator have efficiently captured the different aspects of financial system affecting renewable energy consumption.
رۆمان وه‌ك ژێده‌رێ سیناریۆ یا فلمان
Authors: Kemal Omar Bryar
Published: May 2022

هەر چەندە سینەما وەک بەشەکێ نوی ژ ئەدەبیات و هونەری، بەلێ بوویە ئێک ژ بەر بەلاڤترین ژانران، کو جیهان هەمی پێڤە مژویل بوویە، نە بتنێ وەک هونەر مایە، بەلکو وەکو پێشەسازی و پێشەسازیەکە هەرە ب رەواج بەلاڤبوویە. ل دەسپێکا خوە بتنێ وەک پارچە ڤیدیو دهاتە دروستکرن پاشی هێدی هێدی پلان و چیڕۆک و سیناریۆ بۆ هاتە دانان، ل ڤێرێ ئەو فلمێ نوکە ئەم د بینین دەستپێکر. هەر چەندە سینەما د گەلەک قوناغاندا دەربازبوویه‌، ل دەسپێکێ فلمێن رەش و سپی و بێ دەنگ پاشی فلمێن ب دەنگ و پاشی فلمێت رەنگ و رەنگ و ب دەنگ، تا ڕۆژا ئەڤڕۆ کو ببەرزترین کوالیتی و بەشداریا تەکنیکا گەلەک پێشکەڤتی فلم دهێنە چێکرن، بەلێ هندەک تشت دفلمی دا وەکی خوە نە و چ گوهۆڕین ب سەردا نە هاتینە، وەک سیناریۆ، کو بێی سیناریۆ فلم ناهێنە دروست کرن .

ژیدەرێن نڤێسینا سیناریۆیێ گەلەکن ژوان ژى رۆمان، لەورا مە ب فەر زانى ئەم ئەڤێ ڤەکۆلینێ ئەنجامبدەین، ئەڤ ڤەکۆلینە ل ژێر ناڤ و نیشانێن "رۆمان وه‌ك ژێده‌رێ سیناریۆ یا فلمان "ئەڤ ڤەکۆلینە هەولدانەکە ژ بۆ دیارکرنا ژێدەرێن نڤێسینا سیناریۆیێ، ب تایبەتى رۆمانێ، ژ بەر کو ژێدەرەکێ سەرەکی یێ نڤێسینا سیناریۆیێ یە. ب سەدان فلم ژ رۆمانا هاتینە دروستکرن، بەلێ ب گۆهرین و ئالاڤێن تایبەت ب فلمسازیێ ڤە. د ئەنجامدا ڤەکۆلین گەهشتییە ئەوێ چەندێ، کو هەر چەندە رۆمان ژێدەرەکێ سەرەکی یێ دروستکرنا فلمایە، بەلێ نە ئێکسەر بەلکو دهێتە گوهرین بۆ سیناریۆیێ پاشی دەرهێنەر وان هەمی ئالاڤا ب هەستێت خوە دکەتە فلم. هەروەسا سیناریۆ و رۆمان و فلم سێ ژانرێن سەرەکی یێن ئەدبیات و هونەری نە، کو هەر یەک ژوان سالۆخدان و سیمایێن خوە یێن تایبەت هەنە. هەر ئێک ب سەرێ خوە ژانرەکێ جودایە، کو دشێن بێی ئێک و دوو جهێ خوە بگرن و کارێ خوە بکەن. هەر ئێکە ژوان  تەکنیکێن خوە یێن تایبەت هەنە کو دهێنە بکار ئینان بۆ ئەنجام دانا ئەوان.
گوندو گونده‌وارى ئه‌گه‌رو هوكارێن ئاڤاكرنا وان و كاريگه‌ريا ره‌وشا سياسى وسروشتى ل سه‌ر گوندێن هه‌رێما جه‌زيره‌ وموصل(3-8مش/9-14ز)
Authors: Sadiq Tawfiq Zrar , Mohammed Najman Waleed
Published: May 2022

گوندوگونده‌وارى ل هه‌رێما جه‌زيرێ وموصل ل سه‌رده‌مێ عه‌باسيان ل چه‌رخێ (3- 8مش/9 -14ز)، وه‌كو ديار ئه‌ڤێ ده‌ڤه‌رێ گه‌له‌ك گوند بخوڤه‌ گرتينه‌ و جێوازيه‌كا مه‌زن دناڤبه‌را وان دا هه‌بوويه‌ ژلايێ قه‌باره‌ وسالوخه‌تاندا، وهنده‌ك ژوان گوندان دبچوك وكێم كاريگه‌ر بوونه‌، لێ هنده‌كێن دى دمه‌زن و خودان كاريگه‌ريه‌كا مه‌زن بوون. په‌يڤا گوند ب چه‌ندين پێناسه‌ دفه‌رهه‌نگێن جودادا بوهاتينه‌ كرن، له‌وما مه‌پێدڤيديت هنده‌ك ژوان پێناسا سه‌باره‌ت په‌يڤا گوند به‌رچاڤ بكه‌ين وئه‌گه‌رو هوكارێن دروستبونا وان ئاشكه‌رابكه‌ين.

ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كولێنه‌ كوپشكه‌كه‌ ل ناماماسته‌رێ ل مێژوويا ئيسلامى ته‌رخانكريه‌ بو ديارى كرنا ئه‌و ئه‌گه‌روهوكارو وپالنه‌رێن سروشتى وسياسى يێن ئاڤاكرن وومه‌زن بوونا گوندان و ئه‌وێن بوينه‌ ئه‌گه‌رێ وێرانبون وچولبونا گوندا، ڤه‌كولين مه‌دابه‌شكريه‌ بو سێ ته‌وه‌ران، يێ ئێكێ  باس ل ناساندنا په‌يڤا گوند وجوداهى دناڤبه‌را گوندو باژێران دا كريه‌، وهه‌روه‌سا يى تايبه‌ت بويه‌ بناساندنا هه‌رێما جه‌زيره‌ وموصل ، وته‌وه‌رێ دووه‌م تايبه‌ته‌ بئه‌گه‌رێن ناڤكرنا گوندى ئه‌ڤه‌ ژى دابه‌شدبيت لسه‌رچه‌ند خالان مينا سه‌قا وئاڤوهه‌وا وئه‌گه‌رێن جوگرافى وئابورى وبازرگانى وئێمناهى، وته‌وه‌رێ سيه‌م ودووماهيێ هاتيه‌ ته‌رخانكرن بو دياركرنا ئه‌گه‌رو هوكارێن ژناڤچونا گوندان.
Contemporary Issues in Indian Higher Education System: Challenges and Suggestions
Authors: Sheeraz Ahmad Sheergugri  , Dr. Malkeet Raj
Published: May 2022

This paper observes the existing issues in education. The paper includes the key challenges that India is currently face in higher education and also includes some initiatives taken by the government to meet those challenges. Higher education system the stage an important role for the country’s taken as a whole development which contain industrial, social and economic etc.
Inmunología básica y su correlación clínica
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Chú Lee Ángel José , Serpa Andrade Karina Alexandra ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Barreto Huilcapi Lina Maribel ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Cuenca Buele Sylvana Alexandra ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala
Published: May 2022

"Respecto al presente Texto INMUNOLOGIA BASICA y SU CORRELACION CLINICA es iniciativa de un grupo selecto de 14 estudiantes del 4to semestre Paralelo A II Promoción de la Malla Rediseño, quienes se propusieron investigar, revisar, analizar y plasmar los conocimientos más elementales y actualizados que deberían conocer todos los estudiantes de Pregrado de la Carrera de Medicina. El Texto se encuentra redactado en un lenguaje sencillo para tener una lectura amena y comprensible de la misma. La obra se divide en 4 Unidades: Historia y Generalidades de la Inmunología, Inmunología Básica, Inmunología Clínica y Terapia Inmunitaria. El presente Libro servirá como Texto Guía en la asignatura de Inmunología y habrá cumplido sus objetivos cuando sea utilizado por estudiosos de la Inmunología, incluyendo a los estudiantes de la Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Técnica de Machala-Ecuador."
Universidad, gestión y justicia organizacional
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Quezada Abad César Javier
Published: May 2022

Este libro constituye una compilación de trabajos publicados en diferentes revistas científicas, indexadas en bases de datos regionales y de alto impacto académico, investigaciones con un eje articulador en común: la educación universitaria. Me es altamente gratificante disponer la lectura de estudios aplicados en el contexto de la zona 7, tomando en consideración las líneas de investigación en administración y gerencia educativa.
The impact of dietary restrictions on the expression of FOXO3 as an anti-ageing biomarker
Authors: Putra Muhammad Alifian Remifta , Antarianto Radiana Dhewayani , Hardiany Novi Silvia
Published: May 2022

Ageing involves destruction on the molecular, cellular, and organ level, causing disease and death. Previous research has discovered that both diet and genetics can affect ageing. Forkhead helix box (FOXO) transcription factors are found to be the major transcription factors correlated with longevity. In addition, one of the best-known signals that are also capable to affect ageing is a dietary restriction (DR) which is evolutionary conserved. The objective of this paper is to expand our knowledge regarding the FOXO3 gene expression as anti-ageing biomarker, and how DR could impact its expression. This review was written through a rigorous searching process from various databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed, by utilizing keywords such as the ‘anti-ageing’, ‘dietary restriction’ along with ‘forkhead box O3 gene’. FOXO3 exerts its essential role through the protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) signaling pathway, as well as post-translational modifications, further activating downstream target genes. This would result in cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and other important physiological processes. Relating to diet, the FOXO3 gene is expressed when organisms face low nutrient availability. It can also be downregulated by reducing the amount of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level which can be achieved through fasting. Meanwhile, DR can enhance the FOXO3 expression, anti-ageing effects and further establish longevity. However, the research regarding the effect of DR in humans is still limited. Future studies need to investigate the optimal type of DR along with uncovering the molecular mechanism behind the FOXO3 expression and ageing.
Comparison of hand eye coordination on individuals with and without cervical radiating pain
Authors: Senthil Kumar B. , S. Subbaiah , B. Arun , Alagesan Jagatheesan
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: Cervical Radiculopathy involves the compression of nerve roots causing an alteration of neurological functions in the upper limb. Neurological deficits like numbness, muscle weakness and loss of fine movements of the upper limbs were noted.  Hand eye coordination is the ability to use motor and visual skills to produce a coordinated movement.  The aim of this study is to compare the Hand eye Coordination in patients with Cervical Radiculopathy, nonspecific neck Pain and Normal healthy individuals.
 
Materials and Methods: Ninety participants who volunteered for the study were obtained from the Out Patient Department of UCA College of Physiotherapy, and they were divided into 30 without any neck pain for the past 1 year, 30 with nonspecific neck pain (no radiating pain) and 30 with radiating pain on one side. All were given two tasks on hand eye coordination, a) Balloon tossing test and b) Wall ball toss test. Two trials were given to all the participants and after a rest period they were asked to perform the task for three repetitions, and the mean was taken and noted for analysis.
 
Results: The collected data were analysed using SPSS 21.0. The result of the study shows that there was a significant difference P < 0.0001 in both the test on cervical radiculopathy participants when compared with other two groups.
 
Conclusion: This study concluded that Cervical Radiculopathy has strong influences on hand eye coordination and also strongly stated that there was some difficulty in doing appropriate movements when compared with the normal or nonspecific neck pain counterparts.
Comparative analysis for quality control of mother tinctures in Brazilian reports
Authors: Campos Vânia Emerich Bucco , Pinheiro Hayla da Silva , Neves Andréa Durão , Barbosa Gleyce Moreno
Published: May 2022

Background: Quality control of a homeopathic mother tincture begins with the analysis of the raw material. Once the product is obtained, some organoleptic characteristics and Physicochemical properties such as appearance, colour, odour, density, dry residue, alcohol content, and chemical marker are evaluated. In Brazil, mother tinctures from different suppliers may have high variability in terms of the specifications described in the homeopathic pharmacopoeia. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare mother tinctures’ quality control from different pharmaceutical suppliers based on Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia 3rd edition. Methods: Five mother tinctures were selected according to the high number of requests in the pharmacies, also its monographs are in the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (FHB) 3rd edition. The report of analysis of the product was provided by three homeopathic pharmacies from the city of Rio de Janeiro. The information in the reports was evaluated and compared to its monograph. Results and discussion: In this study, it was found that the number of laboratories that provide homeopathic pharmaceutical ingredients is rather low. In addition, in some reports, a number of identification tests were not described properly when compared to the monograph. Besides that, some information diverges from the pharmacopoeia, for example, absence of dry residue testing, replacement of the part of the plant used to prepare the mother tincture, and results that do not meet pharmacopoeia specifications. As can be seen, the quality and effectiveness of homeopathic medicines prepared from these tinctures may be compromised. Conclusion: In order to guarantee consumer protection and the quality and effectiveness of medicines, governments and regulatory agencies should require a greater commitment from suppliers in the production of homeopathic inputs.
Evaluation of homeopathy effects associated with conventional periodontal therapy in randomized treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with periodontitis
Authors: Mourão Leila , Alhanathi Miriam , Carillo Jr. Romeu , Canabarro Antonio , Fischer Ricardo
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DMII) are chronic diseases treated by conventional practices and traditional medicine. In many cases, when conventional medicine cannot offer a satisfactory treatment, increases the demand for alternative therapies in chronic conditions. The aim of this study randomized was to compare and evaluate for one year clinical and serologic parameters the effects of homeopathy as an adjunct of conventional periodontal therapy in individual with periodontitis and DMII. Materials and Methods: 85 individuals, of both genders, between 35 and 70 years old, participated in this randomized study, which 70 were eligible in Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil. They were divided into two groups G-1: individuals with periodontitis without systemic conditions and G-2: individuals with periodontitis and DMII. Both groups received homeopathic treatment and were evaluated in clinical and laboratorial examinations. The medication used was chosen based on the similarity principle, following the Berberis 6CH protocol (2 tablets, 2 times a day for 45 days), Mercurius Solubilis / Belladona / Hepar Sulfur - 6CH (2 tablets, 3 times a day for 15 days) and a Pyrogenium 200CH biotherapeutic (single weekly dose, 2 weeks). Medications are prescribed in diluted low concentration doses for all signs and symptoms, while biotherapy is used for chronic stimulation Results: Both groups showed significant improvements throughout the study, clinical and laboratorial, at 1 year baseline: reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, uric acid and CPR. Statistical and descriptive analyzes were performed. The data obtained after laboratory analysis were tabulated and then submitted to the SPSS 17.0 software for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and significance level with p <0.05. For most of parameters, G-1 performed better than G-2 (p<0.05).  Conclusion: After 1 year follow-up this clinical trial suggest that homeopathy therapy, as an adjunct of periondontal treatment, improves local and systemic parameters and can provide better health condition.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of arnica montana 6ch in the control of postoperative myalgia by isometric effort in dentistry
Authors: Nardy Rosy de Oliveira , Nunes Adriana Marques , Barroso Leonardo dos Santos , Guimarães Cristina Garani Schneider
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Arnica montana 6CH is a medicine indicated for inflammatory and painful conditions, especially in muscle structures. The RDC / TMD Axis II questionnaire is a validated tool for the diagnosis of Temporomandibular Muscle Dysfunction. Objective: This multicenter, randomized and controlled study, approved by Human or Animal Research Ethics Committee UniFOA - CAAE: 48680015.3.0000.5237 aimed to verify the clinical performance of Arnica montana 6CH in contractures and muscle pain triggered by isometric stress. Materials and Methods: 70 patients underwent prolonged dental treatment sessions, and they were selected after clinical examination and positive responses to the RDC / TMD questionnaire to confirm signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular Muscle Dysfunction at the first consultation. Randomly, Arnica montana 6CH was prescribed for 35 patients called group I, and placebo for 35 patients called group II, at a dose of 5 globules, 03 times a day, for 1 week. In the second endodontic consultation, after 15 days, a new clinical examination was performed at the beginning and end of the prolonged dental consultation with crossing of data from the RDC questionnaire, to monitor the prevalence of TMD muscle signs and symptoms. The data were tabulated and analyzed. Statistical analysis: The test t de Student was used for paired samples, significant at the level ≤ 0.05%. Results: Anamnetic data from the RDC questionnaire, 86% of the individuals in the GI had lower pain and muscle contracture rates in the second consultation, compared with 22% in the GII. Conclusion: The drug Arnica montana 6CH proved to be effective in preventing muscle changes and clinical symptoms resulting from isometric efforts with a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05).
Exposure of Artemia salina to glyphosate and bioremediation by isotherapy
Authors: Nagai Mirian Oliveira , Pinto Andreia Adelaide Gordinho , Von Ancken Adalberto , Coimbra Ednar do Nascimento , Pinto Sandra Augusta Gordinho , Mohammad Suhan Nowrooz , Suffredini Ivana Barbosa , Bernardi Maria Martha , Bonamin Leoni Villano
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Artemia salina, an ecotoxicity bioindicator, is a microcrustacean belonging to the order Anostraca. Glyphosate is an herbicide widely used to control weeds. However, its intoxication can cause serious damage to human health and the balance of the environment, given its effects as an endocrine disruptor. Objective: verify the possible protection of the artemia exposed to glyphosate by the addition of its isotherapic into water, by means of the evaluation of the behavioral and morphological features of nauplii and of the physical properties of remedies and treated water, to elucidate the involved mechanisms. Methods: Artemia salina cysts were kept in culture bottles containing artificial seawater containing glyphosate at LC 10 (lethal concentration 10%), to promote hatching within 48 hours. The isotherapic preparations were inserted in each bottle in a 10% of the total water volume. Part of the nauplii was distributed in transparent tubes, being 10 nauplii per tube and 6 tubes per group, for behavioral analysis, and part were collected for a detailed morphological analysis, under an optical microscope. About 80 to 270 nauplii were analyzed per group. The reserved water was divided into aliquots for physicochemical analysis, that is, evaluation of the water dipole behavior by Cartwright´s method. Results: Gly 6cH presented selective effects on nauplii hatching (p=0.02) and on defected/healthy ratio (p=0.001), representing some protective action. This result was dependent of the salinity of water and presented correspondence with the effects on solvatochromic dyes, indicating that charges and ions can be critical factors involved in the mechanism of action. We concluded that the use of isotherapics could be a plausible tool to reduce the environmental impact of the indiscriminate use of glyphosate, since these results can be reproduced in further studies.
Heteroisotherapics effect on the treatment against smoking: a cognitive-behavioral approach
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Passos , Leite Mary Lannes Salles , Honsani Fortune , Paiva Juliana Patrão , Tritany Rafael , Holandino Carla
Published: May 2022

Background The most common way of consuming nicotine is in tobacco cigarettes. Nicotine causes intense addiction. The National Cancer Institute coordinates and executes the Tobacco Control Program in Brazil, through actions that encourage the adoption of healthier lifestyles. In this context, homeopathy has used Heteroisotherapic medicines formulated according to the homeopathic pharmaceutical technology with scientific evidence of efficacy in the detoxification of substances and metals, and in the desensitization of foods or medicines. Aims Promote the importance of the cognitive-behavioral approach in combination with the homeopathic treatment against smoking. Methodology In the initial phase of the randomized double-blind clinical study (CEP / HUCFF / UFRJ 65622916.2.0000.5257), the effectiveness of the 6CH heteroisotherapeutic drug was assessed. Volunteers were recruited and in-person welcoming meetings, using the cognitive-behavioral approach, were carried out to inform them about the risks of smoking and the benefits of quitting. In addition, they were supported and guided during the smoking cessation process so that they could deal with the withdrawal syndrome, the psychological dependence and the constraints associated with smoking. Results and discussion 84 participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and divided by randomization into two groups: the Test Group (heteroisotherapeutic medication) and the Control Group (homeopathic medication Nux vomica 6CH). Both groups will be followed for 12 months. The combination of the following approaches has led to a significant increase in the cessation rate: I. Prepare the smoker for solving his own issues; II. Stimulate skills to resist temptations to smoke; III. Prepare to prevent relapse; IV. Prepare to deal with stress. Studies show that, regardless the duration of these approaches, there is an increase in the abstinence rate. Moreover, the longer the total approach time (frequency multiplied by the time spent on each contact), the higher the abstinence rate. On the other hand, from a total approach time of 90 minutes on, there is no further increase in the abstinence rate. Conclusion The partial results obtained so far demonstrate that the cognitive-behavioral approach played a decisive role in the groups performance, favoring the treatment adherence as well as the group cohesion around the Project's objective, contributing to the effectiveness of the medicine, a decreased anxiety, improved sleep, cessation or decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the abstinence rate.
Homeopathic medicine activity on the growth of Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Marquez Audrey de Souza , Passeti Tania Aguiar , Diniz Susana Nogueira , Prado Everton Tadeu
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Homeopathy is a therapy that uses medications prepared with infinitesimal and dynamized dilutions. Current studies demonstrate in vitro activity of homeopathy on gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Among bacterial infections, urinary tract infection (UTI) is frequent, leads to later consequences and the main causal agent is Escherichia coli (E. coli). In other publications, it has been reported inactivity of homeopathy on E. coli cultures. Due to the divergence in the literature, the objective of this study was to evaluate gram-negative bacteria growth under homeopathy treatment. Methods: The medicines Atropa belladona, Cantharis, Staphysagria, and Colibacillinum were tested at 6CH, 12CH and 30CH in E. coli ATCC 25922 and EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) ATCC 43887. Two hundred and fifty microliters of the medicines in alcohol 30% were incubated at 37ºC with 3 mL of Müller Hinton broth (MH), 10 μL of cultures at 0.5 Macfarland and subsequent dilution at 1/10. Bacterial growth was evaluated in a spectrophotometer at 600nm, in the periods of 6, 12, and 20 hours of incubation. Results and Discussion: The results showed no inhibition of bacterial growth under the studied conditions. These data corroborate with studies already published that indicate the absence of action of homeopathy on E. coli cultures. Considering other studies, it can be suggested that homeopathic medicines have direct activity on the growth of Gram-positive and not Gram-negative bacteria. Evaluating the two bacterial groups, it is possible to assume that the difference in homeopathy activity could be linked to differences in the bacterial wall structure. This hypothesis should be evaluated by other tests with the same bacterial strains. Conclusion: The homeopathic medicines tested have no direct activity on Gram-negative bacteria cultures.
Homeopathy on cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and impact on fermentation
Authors: Passeti Tania Aguiar , Queiroz Vinícius Crescêncio , Almeida Roberto Lopes , Diniz Susana Nogueira , Marquez Audrey de Souza
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Studies have shown that homeopathy modulates the activity of both single-and multi-celled organisms; therefore, we propose a study into the action of Arnica Montana and S. cerevisiae fungus nosode on growth “in vitro”, and on the fermentation of S. cerevisiae on brewer’s wort. Methods: 250 µL of medication in 30% alcohol were placed in 5 mL of Sabouraud Broth (SB) or wort, with 20 µL of fungus ata McFarland standard of 0.5 and in a dilution of 1:100. Fungal growth was evaluated via spectrophotometry at 600 nm or a cell count in a Neubauer chamber in a kinetic of 1 to 5 days’ incubation at 25ºC. The production of alcohol by the fungus was evaluated using the BRIX index in the same kinetic. 1x107 fungi/mL were previously incubated with medication for 5 days and, afterwards, placed in 20 mL of fresh wort, incubated at 25ºC for 7 days and evaluated for growth and sugar consumption. Results and Discussion: The SB results revealed that after 2 days incubation with Arnica 30CH, an increase in fungal growth was observed (p<0.0001), while with nosode 6 and 30CH there was a reduction in growth after 2 and 5 days incubation (p<0.001). The fungi incubated with Arnica 30CH exhibited increased sugar consumption after 2 and 5 days incubation (p<0.05), while the nosode 30CH resulted in lower sugar consumption after 2 and 3 days incubation (p<0.05). The results for fungal growth and sugar consumption with the wort were similar to those using SB. The fungal cultures previously incubated with homeopathic medication and subsequent incubation with fresh wort indicated a loss of distinction, both in terms of fungal growth and sugar consumption. This piece of data may suggest action by the homeopathic medication only when in contact with the cells. Conclusion: The treatment of the S. cerevisiae fungus using Arnica and the S. cerevisiae nosode produced a significant modulation in fungal growth and sugar consumption.
Influence of homeopathy on the quality of quail eggs stored for different periods of time
Authors: Souza Mônica Filomena Assis , Santos Wellington , Valentim Jean Kaique , Garcia Rodrigo Garófallo , Burbarelli Maria Fernanda de Castro , Serpa Felipe Cardoso , Félix Gisele Aparecida , Nascimento Gabriella Galvão Pizarini , Eberhart Bruna de Souza , Cucco Pedro Henrique de Souza , Cucco Marco Antonio , Brum Karine Bonucielli
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The purpose of this trial was to assess the influence of homeopathy products on the diet of quails based on egg quality when submitted to different storage periods. Methodology: Two hundred, 45 day old Japanese quails and 80% of production were used, in a completely randomized design comprised of a 4x3 factorial, and 4 diets (basal feed, inert vehicle and 2 homeopathic products: Fertsigo® (Sulphur 10 CH, Sepia 15CH )  and Ovosigo® (Belladonna 12CH,Silicea 12 CH, Natrum mur. 30CH, Calcarea phos. 30CH, Sulphur 12CH) and 3 storage periods (0 days, 7 days and 14 days) with ten repetitions of three eggs per treatment. The weight, percentages of yoke, albumen and shell, albumen height and yolk color, specific gravity, Haugh unit, yolk index and shell thickness were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis to verify whether there was a interaction effect between homeopathy factors and storage time, and when absent, the isolated effects. Results: An interaction between the homeopathic products and time was found for the parameters of albumen height and yolk, Haugh unit and yolk index, which reduced over time. For egg weight, yolk, albumen and shell, a significant effect (p<0.05) was found only in the case of homeopathy for the percentages of albumen and shell. For egg and albumen weights, yolk and albumen percentages, specific gravity and colorimetry there was an effect for time, however these parameters reduced over the storage time in days. The addition of the homeopathic based products Ovosigo® and FertSigo® are indicated for the diets of Japanese quail during the laying phase since it resulted in better weights for the egg and its components. Conclusion: The different homeopathic products did not have an influence on conserving the quality of the Japanese quail eggs during the periods evaluated.
Lycopodium clavatum as a homeopathic treatment in Magellanic penguins (Sphenicus magellanicus)
Authors: Coelho Cidéli de Paula , Gallo Hugo , Narita Francinne Brait
Published: May 2022

Background: Uric acid is the main form of excretion of nitrogenous components in birds. The assessment verification samples, control, check of uric acid concentrations is widely used to detect kidney disease. High concentrations (up to five times) of uric acid in plasma can lead to the precipitation of this acid in the form of crystals, which accumulate in the tissues, mainly in the synovial joints and the viscera surface. Aims: report the evolution of homeopathic treatment in increased uric acid in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) from Santo André Municipal Zoo. Methodology: 12 animals showed an increase in uric acid (reference values 0,3-16,1mg/dL) and received homeopathic treatment with Lycopodium clavatum 6cH. The protocol established was the administration of two globules of Lycopodium clavatum 6cH, once a day, inside fishes offered in the animal's beak. Treatment started on 25/09/2019. On 30/10/2019 was collected a new blood sample, those who were not discharged were kept on treatment and new collections were made on 27/11/2019 and 17/12/2019. Results: 8 animals had an average uric acid of 20.45mg /dl and responded to the 35-days treatment, normalizing the biochemical values ​​with an average of 12.24mg /dl. Two animals with 18.27 mg /dl were discharged in 62 days with 11.70 mg /dl and another two penguins with 19.85 mg /dl were discharged in 82 days later with 9.57 mg /dl of uric acid. Conclusion: Homeopathy proved to be successful in the treatment of increased uric acid in Magellanic penguins, easy to administer, affordable and without side effects.
Neurobehavioral assessment of Danio rerio intoxicated by Mercury and the use of Mercurius solubilis
Authors: Coelho Cidéli de Paula , Manzoli Marco Aurélio Gonçalves , Santos Rafael Acordi , Bido Elaine , Vieira Henrique Carvalho
Published: May 2022

Background: Mercury is used in various industrial. Part of Mercury's industrial waste is discharged into the environment, rivers and their tributaries, thus contaminating aquatic animals. Aim: to evaluate Mercury-induced behavioral changes in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by the analysis of locomotor activity and parameters related to neurotoxicity and to verify whether ultra-diluted substances can decrease neurobehavioral effects and toxic. Methodology: The fishes were separated into 4 monitoring aquariums with 8 fishes each, with temperature, pH controlled, until the time of the toxicological experiments. 0.5 mL of Mercury 6cH, 30cH and distilled water (positive control) were added per liter of water in each aquarium containing 6 liters of water, then 3 mL of medication per aquarium, the white control received no medication and the toxic agent. After 1 hour the drugs were added, toxic mercury (200 μg/L), 4 mL per aquarium was added and remained so for 24 hours. All the experiment was run in blind, and the drugs identified by codes. The animals were subjected to behavioral tests (Open Field-locomotion; Vertical Open Field for neurotoxicity evaluation and Light and Dark Test), and each stage was recorded for later evaluation of movements and neurobehavioral changes. ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey test, with p <0.05. Results: Mercury produced an anxiogenic effect in animals that were submitted to it without medication. In the vertical open field, there was an increase in erratic movements (1.25 ± 1.0) and tremors (0.87 ± 0.35) compared to the control (0.12 ± 0.35 and 0.25 ± 0.46 respectively), proving the toxic effect. Fishes which received the medication at 6 cH and 30 ch showed tremors and erratic movements similar to control. Conclusion: 200 μg/L mercury in water can cause neurobehavioral disturbances in fishes, and animals receiving Mercurius 6 cH and 30 cH ultra-diluted drug did not show neurotoxicity.
Reflections on the fundamental nature of homeopathic potencies: Plasma, Langmuir Adsorption and Vitalism
Authors: Cartwright Steven John
Published: May 2022

Background: There is a pressing need to develop methods and approaches that will identify the fundamental nature of homeopathic potencies. Aims: To bring together recent basic research on potencies, especially that using solvatochromic dyes, and to supplement these results with reliable observations made by Hahnemann and his contemporaries from the very beginnings of homeopathy, together with a detailed examination of the process of trituration and succussion coupled to dilution, in order to significantly limit the number of possible explanations as to the identity of potencies. Methodology: A mixture of lab based and literature studies such that as far as possible all verified and substantiated observations about homeopathic potencies have been examined. Results and Discussion: An understanding of the fundamental nature of homeopathic potencies that includes all known and accepted observations (in vitro, in vivo and clinical) is not realistic without embracing hypotheses involving the emergent properties of complex systems and in particular, vitalistic concepts. Using a vitalistic model it is possible to explain a wide range of seemingly unrelated phenomena - such as the polarising effect of potencies on solvatochromic dyes, the ability to use a range of materials such as water, lactose and cellulose as carriers of potencies, the administering of potencies by olfaction, the antidoting effect of camphor on potency action, the non-linear dependence of potency strength on volume as well as succussion level, the oscillatory behaviour of potencies and experimenter/observer/practitioner effects. Conclusion: A hypothesis in which homeopathic potencies can be seen as self-actuating and autonomous plasma generated by trituration and/or succussion and carried according to Langmuir adsorption models fits the known observations about potencies.
Series of experiments performed with the droplet evaporation method on low potencies
Authors: Kokornaczyk Maria Olga , Würtenberger Sandra , Baumgartner Stephan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Homeopathic preparations in low potencies, containing still measurable quantities of the starting substance, constitute a unique research field in homeopathic basic research. Here a series of experiments is presented carried out by means of the droplet evaporation method (DEM), investigating the specificity of the method, and presumed effects of the succussion procedure applied in the production of homeopathic preparations. Methods: DEM analysis consisted in the evaporation of droplets of the potencies per se placed on microscope slides. Resulting patterns were photographed. Images were evaluated by means of ImageJ software, by measuring grey level distribution, texture, and fractality. The experimentation consisted of four series: (i) screening (1x–6x potencies from 19 substances), (ii) differentiation experiments (2x–6x potencies of Echinacea, Baptisia, Luffa, and Spongia), (iii) differentiation between succussed (100 or 10 times) and unsuccussed samples (Echinacea 2x, Baptisia 3x, Baptisia 4x, Luffa 4x, and Spongia 6x). (iv) investigation of the influence upon the patterns of single compounds present in a remedy complex. The experimental set-up stability was examined by systematic positive control experiments. Results: (i) Homeopathic preparations of mineral origin showed the greatest form variety, whereas those of vegetal origin created fractal patterns in the potency range 2x–4x. (ii) Differentiation of potencies of different origin at the same dilution level was possible from 2x to 4x. (iii) In all potency levels, succussed (100 and 10 times) and unsuccussed variants could be significantly differentiated. Significant differences between all variants were found in some cases in potency levels 4x and higher. In general, application of succussion reduced size, homogeneity, and complexity of the DEM patterns. (iv) Patterns of a remedy complex Luffa 4x - Mercurius bijodatum 9x showed a clear predominance of the Luffa 4x; however also the second component, present in a much lower concentration, influenced significantly the pattern of the remedy complex as also differed significantly from the pattern of succussed water control. Conclusions: The results suggest that DEM is a suitable tool for scientific investigation of homeopathic preparations in the low potency range. DEM might be applied to assess further research questions, such different potentization procedures (vessel shape, overhead volume, material), storing time, and difference between batches.
Stress - another possible mechanism of neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Mendes Maria Filomena Xavier , Oliveira Paulo , Gosik Maria Solange , Lino Renata Garcia , Kalile Raquel Bruno , Barbas Danielle da Silva , Carillo Jr Romeu
Published: May 2022

Background: The literature associates oxidative stress with the production of free radicals, which lead to neurodegeneration. They present innumerable hypotheses, among which are abnormalities in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotoxic effects and neuronal oxidative damage. Clinical observation has shown that in neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) there is a report of prolonged or violent emotional stress preceding the symptoms. Aims: Using the Carillo Complex Systems Model, present some possibilities on how stress can contribute to neurodegeneration. Methodology: Nine cases of ALS and six cases of MS were evaluated, pathologies already classified as belonging to syphilinism. Literature review on stress and neurotoxicity carried out. Results and discussion: Syphilinism is an instability with a predominantly intrisic origin to the system with a chronic caracter. This diathesis characterized by a dissipative deficiency, predominantly hepatic, to the processing of certain elements or potentially toxic substances with exogenous origin or endogenous Such non-processed substances are unstable factors in the system, with greater affinity for certain tissues, like the nervous system. Among the toxins, we find alcohol, esters, formaldehyde, aloe, ketones, aldehydes, etc. The final hepatic metabolism of cortisol results in cortic acids and cortol, which use the same enzymatic system as alcohol, and can be considered syphilinic toxins. Ethanol can act directly at the circadian rhythm, disrupting it and generating stressful substances such as cortisol, regardless of an external event, increasing the toxin level. The inflammatory process generated by the production of free radicals and metabolic abnormalities, including the reduction of neuropeptide Y that modulates inflammatory activity in the nervous system, leads to changes that can result in neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Inflammation caused by toxins from
Teaching and practice in Homeopathy via pharmacobotany and pathophysiology
Authors: Martins Cláudio Hansel , Musmanno Patrícia , Gaspar Sandra Ávila , Bentes Josiane , Ximenes Rosana , Nagamatsu Denise , Tavares Fábio , Bolognani Fábio , Varricchio Marcia Cristina Braga Nunes
Published: May 2022

Background: Semiology, Clinical Pathophysiology, Phytotherapy and Homeopathy were taught through active methodology by the Moodle platform (HL) also using apps for monitoring injuries through SAPB site, building rationality for the external topic use of homeopathic and herbal medicines. At the 7th Infirmary of General Hospital Santa Casa de Misericordia in Rio de Janeiro, the clinical medical team of the Benoit Mure Nucleus of Assistance Teaching and Research, made a medicinal plant garden with the agricultural/environmental educator, and community ethnical leaders. Undergraduate students from UNIFASE/FMP Academic League of Physiology and Pathophysiology planted Calendula Officinalis seedlings, destined to research in pharmacobotany and to be in touch with pharmacotechnical prepares. Aims: To follow-up the study since from seedling of Calendula Officinalis till to prepare of HUD. Methodology: To prepare medicinal garden: plant seedlings of Calendula offin accordance with good agricultural techniques. At first: Three seeds in ten pots, made in triplicate (N = 90), to obtain explants of quality analyzed whose evaluation was about plant development (explants percentual: weight, size, viability, morphology). To visit pharmacy-school to learn how to prepare matrix extracts and High Ultra-Diluted Solutions (HUD) of Calendula off 6DH. Results and Discussion: The stages of teaching semiology and practice in pharmacobotany, besides cultive plant have been completed. Viability was impaired because of lack of irrigation during 4 months (50%). Weight, size were minor than usual but with no statistical significance (p>0.05). Morphology was maintained. Unfortunately, the visit to pharmacy-school couldn’t be performed at this period. Conclusion: Through hybrid learning and face-to-face activities completely realized, students had qualitative perception of the relevance about morphology and quality of plant development, chemistry plant production, aiming for resolutive actions based upon pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Because of pandemic, it was described just a preliminary experience. After returning to normal activities the experiment will be repeated.
The use of homeopathy and flower therapy as an aid in the treatment of climacteric symptoms: an integrative review
Authors: Pereira Camila Faria de Amorim , Oliveira Adriana Passos
Published: May 2022

Climacteric is characterized as the set of symptoms that usually start in the period of transition from the reproductive phase to female senility, and directly impacts woman's quality of life. Currently, the treatments approved by the FDA for this pathology mainly involve the use of antidepressants and hormone replacement, both having side effects. Clinical studies carried out in 2002, showed an increased risk of breast cancer, and other pathologies related to the prolonged use of these drugs. The impact of the studies resulted in a greater interest in complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), such as the use of homeopathy and flower remedies for the treatment of climacteric symptoms. This abstract aims to present an integrative review on the use of homeopathy and flower remedies in the treatment of climacteric symptoms, in order to identify it main scientific evidence. For this, metodology consisted of research in the databases Web of Science, Google Scholar, HomeoIndex, LILACS and SciELO. The inclusion criteria were original human studies, totally available, and published in the last 10 years in Portuguese, English and Spanish, presenting the use of floral remedies or homeopathic treatment. The main homeopathic medicines used were Lachesis mutus, Belladona, Sepia officinalis, Sanguinaria canadensis and Sulfur. The main flower remedies were Cherry plum, Agrimony, Gentian, Walnut, Olive and Larch. The findings in this review demonstrate a positive outcome trend in favor of the effectiveness of these practices through the studies evaluated, encouraging the expansion of new designs and research that fully contemplate the principles of these practices. Thus, this work contributes to the advancement in the understanding of each one of these rationalities, making this work a source of consultation for health professionals and for future research, resulting in a strengthening of CAMs in the field of health.