bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARBON FIBERS OFFER GREAT POTENTIAL IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: Lluri Luiza , Gërmënji Blerta , Hima Drita
Published: June 2023

New materials, including the use of carbon fibers, play a critical role in reducing vehicle weights. With a lighter carbon fiber body, car manufacturers can build smaller cars with more efficient engines, bringing even more fuel savings. The main advantage offered by the automotive industry is their potential to reduce car masses, resulting in lower carbon emissions. Carbon fiber is the perfect material for automotive parts. Because of its high flexibility, carbon fiber can match any contour so it is used for any automotive application. It provides high strength and low weight, factors influencing automobile performance. Carbon fiber is comprised primarily of carbon atom which is lighter than metal atom making a part of carbon fibers much lighter than a metal part. This study provides more insight about carbon fiber and what makes this material different from others, as well as what benefits are possible by replacing metal parts with carbon fiber. For this purpose the properties of carbon fibers should be compared to traditional metals (steel, aluminum). Carbon fiber is stronger than steel but lighter than aluminum. The component made from carbon fiber of the same dimensions will be 50% lighter than an aluminum one and more than 5 times lighter than a steel one. Replacing steel components with carbon fiber would reduce the weight of most cars by 60 percent. That 60 percent drop in weight would, in turn, reduce that car's fuel consumption by 30 percent and cut greenhouse gas and other emissions by 10 to 20 percent. That's a huge fuel savings, even without changing the car's engine. A 10% reduction in vehicle weight can improve fuel efficiency by 6%–8% for conventional internal combustion engines, or increase the range of a battery-electric vehicle by up to 10%.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN IN THE ALBANIAN CONSTRUCTION MARKET
Authors: STAVRE Enea
Published: June 2023

Housing is a physiological need, so having a comfortable and beautiful home is not a luxury. Human nature is keen to appreciate the beauty. In the science of architecture, the beauty, is the derivation of the creativity of an architect. The art of interior design is the conglomerate of aesthetics, comfort, space, texture, color, lighting and shape. The architect is the most efficient design manager of a building. He manages the project rationally by putting cost and benefit in an equilibrium. A professional architect works to improve the quality of life by representing an added value where the home or office designed by him turns into a pleasant and relaxing environment. Albania is at the first steps of the development of architecture and interior design. Recently, Albanians are increasingly paying attention to internal design and the choice of an architect for the realization of the project. The aim of this paper is to explore and identify the impact of architecture and interior design in the construction market, the demand for this service, and the challenges that Albanian architects face.
TV COMERCIAL PRODUCTION STRUCTURE FOR LIMITED BUDGET
Authors: Ikonomi Joan
Published: June 2023

Making a great television commercial is an art in itself. Twenty years ago, there was no official available information about the steps to follow to prepare a TV commercial throughout all phases. The main reason for that knowledge gap is that the old method used was based on multiple agencies and vendors working on the same campaign, so the single groups do not have to know everything; they just needed to understand their own role and responsibility. In the last years, video production and post-production industries are changing very fast. Digital retooling is taking place, causing dramatic industry restructuring. The old player’s large post-production facilities using dedicated, proprietary equipment are being replaced by new players, small production companies, using personal computers to produce a different type of production media with the same professional result, at a lower cost. Nowadays, the significant reduction of video production costs, the more and more disappearing barriers to access video, as well as brands looking to spend less and get more has forced many advertisers to renounce to big agencies. Actually, with the new technology decreasing the cost of cameras and computers is possible to produce a TV commercial in all its phases (starting from concept, writing, production, and post-production (including animation and compositing) to final video), with a small group of professionals. The one-stop-shop is becoming a growing business model. Many creative artist and directors from big agencies have resigned to establish their own production companies, and groups of talented young people are constantly gathering from all over the world. This study will help to understand the structure and workflow of producing a TV commercial, starting from the copywriting stage until the final product, and passing through the classical production steps of cinematography and motion pictures, such as pre-production, production and post-production, understanding and analyzing every significant step of structure until the initial written concept will become a motion image. In order to reach the objective of this study, I read and reviewed several books and web materials on different topics about stages of the production, planning, budgeting, shooting and editing, equipment and techniques, communication and documentation.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF PHOTOVIOLTAIC CELL WITH MATLAB FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND DIFFERENT SOLAR RADIATION
Authors: HYSA Azem , KLEMO Marsida
Published: June 2023

In this paper the photovoltaic (PV) effect is studied for different. Environment parameters (solar radiation and temperature). The PV effect was first studied in solids, such as selenium, in the 1870. In the 1980, selenium solar-cell was built exhibited 1%-2% efficiency in converting light to electricity. In the 1920 and 1930, quantum mechanics laid the theoretical foundation for our present understanding of PV cells. In the 2012 a photovoltaic cell could convert into power 15% of the sun hitting energy. As of 2017, typical PV panels produce around 265 W of power and photovoltaic cell efficiency is closer to 20%. In the 2018 PV panels produce around 320 W. The efficiency of solar panels (Sun Power- the best solar panel) in 2019 is 22.2%. People use solar energy for transforming solar power into electricity. Solar energy is part of renewable energy and this type of energy is clean and free from environmental damage. Modern research focuses on the renewable energy sources such as solar energy. Solar energy can be converted in to electricity by using photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic system is a mechanism that allows the transformation of solar radiation into electricity (convert photon energy into the form of electrical signals in a PN silicon junction or other material) that we can use for our needs, for example in the electricity supply of an apartment or in the electricity supply of electricity distribution operators in public networks. The PV cells have nonlinear nature, so numerical methods are preferred in these cases. In this research, MATLAB used to get the power-versus-voltage characteristics curves for photovoltaic cells. These curves used to calculate the specifications of a photovoltaic cell system such as short circuit current, open circuit voltage, power and maximum power. Equivalent circuit of photovoltaic cell and mathematical model for photovoltaic cell and array are examined in this research. The numerical results are shown in the graph. In this study, PV cell specification characteristic curves current-voltage and power-voltage have been obtained for different temperature at constant irradiance and different irradiance at constant temperature. From this graphs we can see the effect of irradiance and temperature on the current and voltage. Finally, we have presented power-voltage characteristic curves of photovoltaic cell for different irradiance in Durres.
Conservation of Soviet Architecture heritage in Albania. The survey of Kashar Radio Station
Authors: Papa Dorina , Kavaja Daniela
Published: June 2023

Given the large number of buildings that belong to the communist architecture under the Soviet influence in Tirana and other cities in Albania, this research intends to understand the state of preservation of these buildings in view of today uses, starting from the most well-preserved buildings such as “Kinostudio”, and focusing on highly degraded buildings which risk the demolition. Hence, we decided to focus on the case study of Kashar Radio Station, which present a typical case of Soviet architecture. Moreover, it is a rare example of modest scale architecture of Russian influence which today is in a state of abandonment and very poor conditions of degradation. The increased demolishing attitudes toward the historical architecture in Albania can bring to risk also this category of buildings. According to Cantacuzino (1975), as a reaction to their increased demolishing in favor of new construction, a growing interest has emerged in the conservation of buildings of the 20th century. Therefore, the aim of the research is to document the building project, to redraw and understand the existing state of preservation, to study the different phases of transformation and to produce ideas and scenarios of reuse of the existing structure without compromising the traditional character of the building. In addition, the favorite and visible site of the building close to the highway Durrës - Tiranë, can trigger the new idea of reuse that can revitalize the close-by neighborhoods and create a reference point for commercial and industrial activities in the area around. The theoretical background is based on the idea of conservation of the building as cultural, historical and architectonic heritage by using the strategy of “adaptive reuse” (Brooker, Stone, 2004). Architects today consider challenging to work with historic buildings. The research will finally bring some examples of possible adaptive reuse designed together with students of Architecture.
Organization of the Albanian Judicial System
Authors: Buda Dhuli Brikena
Published: June 2023

All the countries of the former communist bloc, after the fall of totalitarian regimes in the early 1990s, established new governments oriented towards democratic reforms, following the model of countries with high standard democracies, which put the focus on the individual and his freedoms and rights. A distinctive feature of these new democracies in relation to their socio-political tradition was the drafting of liberal constitutions in which state power is distributed among different institutions to achieve a separation of powers, where a functional component of any government is the separation of the judiciary by the executive. The Constitution of the Republic of Albania clearly reflects the intention of the people for the construction of the rule of law, ie a state where the rule of law shall prevail and where everyone is equal before the law. The Constitution, based on the state-building philosophy, accepts the principle of separation of powers . By sanctioning this principle in the given Constitution, the powers in the Republic of Albania are separated and exercised by different state bodies in such a way that no power can exceed its competencies, without being subject to control and counteraction by other powers. Based on the principle of separation of powers, the judicial function is exercised only by the courts. This is the reason why the exercise of judicial function by other powers shall be prohibited, since it violates the independence of the judiciary.

 

Received: 5 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
Education and Labor Market in Albania and European Union: Achievements and Challenges
Authors: Sota Jani
Published: June 2023

The education system in Albania since the post-1990 period has undergone numerous reforms, with the aim of keeping pace with developments in this field with the European Union countries. These reforms have not always proved successful and applicable to the conditions of Albania. Consequently, nowadays we face an education system that generally succeeds in preparing young generations for the labor market, but lacks a proper match of labor supply and demand. Adequate development of education in Albania for a workforce that suits the needs of the market constitutes the primary condition towards maximum productivity. Given Albania's pre-accession status in the European Union, it is important that the workforce must ensure competitiveness with the European market. On the other hand, some of the European Commission's recommendations express the need for a higher education law with quality functioning institutions, greater development of higher education curriculumn and improved access to youth inclusion in vocational education development. As well as the education system, which will be trated in this research, the labor market in the European Union is also highly diversified, with member states designing and implementing various policies to promote employment and increase the productivity of local industries over the years. Within the labor market policies, some of them can be listed that apply across EU member states: training, employment incentives, employment support and rehabilitation, direct job creation, incentives to start up ups; social care for the unemployed, early retirement, etc.

 

Received: 2 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
Prince Wied and the Political-Legal Stability of Albania
Authors: Zaka Aida
Published: June 2023

This paper addresses the internal stability of Albania during the reign of Prince Wied. It focuses on the riots that took place in southern and central Albania during the period April-August 1914. The paper describes the internal situation and the tools the government used to stabilize it. It focuses on the policy pursued by the Durres government to put an end to the uprisings in the South and in Central Albania and the reasons for its failure to achieve such success. The paper is based mainly on authors who have written about the period of Wied's rule. It is with descriptive nature without elements of statistical or deductive analysis. Through analytical description, light is shed on the aspects of this broad and multifaceted issue.

 

Received: 7 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
European Union Integration, Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Gorjani Xhaferi Gerta , Ilia Ilia
Published: June 2023

European integration is a process whereby states commit themselves to become part of it, considering that this process requires the approximation of legislation with the basis of Acquis Communautaire . From this perspective we would say that this process affects all spheres ofsocial life. We see this in terms of building democratic institutions and aligning institutional basis with the Acquis Communautaire. Fundamental values and traditions of the Albanian nationdoes not weaken, but rather they become more intense walking in the way of good maturity and Function democracy principles that it carries. This process needs to joint within its elements on common fields which compose the basis of a civil society with fundamental values and traditions, a communion of values based on law and legality, communion of interests and communion of actions so that the European integration can be seen as the intersection of a wide intercultural segment of a moral, political and ideological nature. We can say that the European Union can be considered, as a whole, a regionally integrated institution in which the relations between states can be considered to a large extent an example of globalization. Today European Union faces post-pandemic challenges and Ukraine's war with Russia. Beginning with the desire to gain certain advantages at the level of the European Union, but especially for reasons of electoral image, the UK’s exit initiative was turned into reality by the British vote.

 

Received: 20 September 2022 / Accepted: 25 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
The Analyses of the Corrosion Process of a NI-Ti Shape Memory Alloy in Different Environment
Authors: Ivošević Špiro , Vaštag Đenđi , Kovač Nataša
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigate the corrosion process of Ni-Ti alloy obtained by the new continius casting method. As the corrosion rate of the material depends on the environment in which the material is located and the corrosion product that slows down the corrosion process over time, in this paper we analyze changes in the base material and the formed corrosion product. This changes were analysed in three different marine environments and at different time intervals of 6 and 12 months. Investigation on the base Ni-Ti alloy, were conducted on base of analyses of the corrosion depth in nm which was measured using the Focus Ion Beam (FIB) method. The linear model was used to calculate the values of corrosion rate during the time of exposure. On the other hand, the corrosion product of the alloy increased over time, resulting in the formation of a corrosive layer on the alloy surface depending on the environment to which it is exposed. The content of the corrosive product was considered using semi-quantitative energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and the percentage of oxygen in the corrosive product that appeared on the alloy in all environmental conditions after 6 and 12 months of exposure. As time is raning, corrosion rate is increasing same as percentage of oxygen in each of considered enviroment. Considering results it can be concluded that the formation of the corrosive layer in the sea has a dominant effect on the deceleration of the corrosion process of Ni-Ti alloy, comparing to the all of three considered enviroment.

 

Received: 11 September 2022 / Accepted: 19 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Determining the Moral Depreciation Function of Railway Vehicles in Market Economy Conditions: A Review
Authors: Doraci Koçi , Çomeni Leonard , Selmani Erjon
Published: June 2023

In this paper we have studied the necessity of determining the moral consumption (obsolescence) of wagons and locomotives in the conditions of market economy. In this case it has resulted that moral consumption should be determined by comparing the actual value of cash flows related to the operation of the object to be evaluated and the new analog object, for their term service. For this purpose we have determined the factors that affect the obsolescence of locomotives for freight transport. In the paper mathematical models has been employed and combined to arise to an equation able to determine the moral depreciation.

 

Received: 20 September 2022 / Accepted: 22 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Labor Market along Covid-19 and the New Needs for the Regulation of Distance Working Relationships
Authors: Aliaj Julejda , Sulmina Vanesa
Published: June 2023

The pandemic that invaded the globe during early 2020 had a major impact on every aspect of each of our lives. The challenges that society faced in the beginning of this situation were mainly related to the uncertainty of the normal continuation of everyone's daily activity. There was a need to adapt to the new conditions we were facing. Despite the initial difficulties and panic, it was necessary to immediately adapt to this new reality, making it possible to create conditions for the continuation of work and all chains closely linked to the economy and the supply of customers with the necessary products and services. Consequently, the labor market was one of the markets which would face the greatest difficulties and which had to create new ways to ensure the continuity of existing labor relations and the creation of spaces for the development of new ones. Small developing countries were first confronted with new concepts of labor market development that were little known to most of the population. We realized that a series of certain job positions did not necessarily have to be developed in certain office settings and also that the market was naturally creating demand for new job roles. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the new developments of the labor market conditioned by certain socio-economic circumstances and also to understand the need that the new circumstances have to be regulated in a legal way to guarantee the basic remuneration rights for the service provided.

 

Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Dacryocystorhinostomy With and Without Silicone Stent: Is There Any Significant Difference into the Outcomes?
Authors: Aga Alfred , Stajka Klaudia
Published: June 2023

Aim: To compare the difference between the outcomes of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) with and without silcone tube intubation (stent) for treatment of primary dacryocystitis and phlegmonus dacryocystitis. Method: A hospital based retrospective comparative study of 111 subjects operated for dacryocystitis between October 2014 to May 2021 were analyzed, of which 60 were with silicone stent and 51 were without silicone stent. Silicone tubes were kept in the lacrimal passages for 3 months. In this study we compare the surgery follow up from 3 to 6 months and the complication after each surgery. Surgery was defined as a functional success when there was no evidence of postoperative epiphora, purulent secretions, infection, granuloma, recurrence of dacryocystitis observed upon endonasal endoscopic evaluation. Results: A total of 111 consecutive endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy procedures performed at American Hospital 1 of Tirana between October 2014 and May 2021 were reviewed. Of the 111 patients with acute dacryocystitis, 60 (54.05%) were treated with silicone stent (group A) and 51 (45.94%) were treated without silicone stent (group B). 20 of 111 (18%) were diagnosed with phlegmonous dacryocystitis of wich 7 (11.67%) were part of group A and 13 (25.49%) were part of group B. On six months of surgery all the patients were followed up. Only 7 patients (11.66%) in the group A had complications such us purulent secretions (2 or 28.57%), infection (3 or 42.85%), epiphora (1 or 14.28%), granuloma (1 or 14.28%) and none in the group B had any of them. No complications were encountered in patients with phlegmonous dacryocystitis. Conclusion: Dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone tube intubation and without silicon tube intubation are two different procedures without any significant difference in the rate of success. In the light of differences in its complications this study supports the routine without silicone stent of acute dacryocystitis and phlegmonous dacryocystitis patients following En-DCR surgery, suggesting that stents are not necessary for primary DCRs.

 

Received: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 27 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
PURPOSES AND PRACTICES OF YOUTH WORK SUPERVISION: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors:   Dato’ Wasitah Consultancy Sdn. Bhd. 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, Lee Kwan Meng
Published: June 2023

Youth development is a critical component of the ecosystem of human society. Young people not only inherit but also play a crucial role in determining a nation's future progress, growth, and development. Youth workers are responsible for delivering quality services to youth through their engagement with them in diverse program settings and employment situations. Therefore, youth workers must be equipped with multiple skill sets to effectively facilitate youth development using different approaches. Proper supervision of youth workers is, therefore, a vital part of youth work practice. The role of supervisors in guiding youth workers aims to help them effectively nurture youth and unleash their full potential. Given the lack of clarity in the literature on the core purpose and practices of youth work supervision, this paper examines basic definitions of supervision, its functions, selected models of practice, and its importance in the youth work profession. A clear understanding of what youth work supervision is, its features, and importance to youth work practice can provide greater clarity for the profession to ensure its role within the developing profession.
Analysis of Revenue, Marketing Costs, and Profit Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lisdawati Lisdawati , Purnomo Susanto Yogo , Melinda Melinda , Lase Hofandrik , Yulianto Eka , Yusnina Yusnina
Published: June 2023

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has made many business sectors experience difficult times, both in small, medium and large industries, so this study aims to find out and analyze whether there were differences in income, marketing costs and profits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study were 50 MSME respondents in Pulo Gadung. Testing the data using descriptive statistics with normality test, paired sample t test, Wilcoxon marked ranking test. The results of the first study showed that there was no difference in income before and during the covid-19 pandemic.
Abordajes y Técnicas Quirúrgicas Tomo 3
Authors: Rodríguez Montalván Ángel Luis , Godoy Potes Marcelo Paul , Pillajo Llanga Danny Miguel , Armijos Pazmiño María Lorena , Pallo Olaya Leidy Selene
Published: June 2023

"Abordajes y Técnicas Quirúrgicas Tomo 3" es un compendio esencial para cualquier profesional en el campo de la cirugía. Este libro, siendo el tercero en la serie, amplía y profundiza el conocimiento de las técnicas quirúrgicas y los abordajes necesarios para un amplio rango de procedimientos. Los autores destacan en este volumen técnicas quirúrgicas especializadas, que abarcan desde cirugías generales hasta procedimientos de alta especialidad como la neurocirugía, la cirugía ortopédica, y la cirugía vascular, entre otras. Cada capítulo se dedica a describir un procedimiento específico, discutiendo no solo el "cómo", sino también el "por qué", proporcionando un contexto invaluable y permitiendo a los lectores entender completamente la teoría y la práctica detrás de cada abordaje quirúrgico.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT MODELS FOR SETTING UP BUSINESS CONCENTRATIONS IN CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Borisova Vladya
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study is to bring out the business models for intellectual property management, which are a prerequisite for the formation of business concentrations in the creative industries. The aim is achieved by studying the economic characteristics of intellectual property as a business asset; by analyzing the models of economic realization applicable to intangible assets and by bringing out the leading economic effects from the formation of business concentrations such as outsourcing and joint ventures. The research methodology is interdisciplinary, using as a priority the method of comparative analysis and the synthesis of the theory and practice in the field of intellectual property management.
The impact of European Union funds on the economies of the Central and Eastern European countries
Authors:   South-West University ", Durova Kalina ,   Neofit Rilski"
Published: June 2023

The impact of the rate of absorption of EU funds on the rate of short-term economic growth, the rate of employment and the unemployment rate in the countries in Central and Eastern Europe in the period 2008-2015 is analyzed. A regression analysis of panel data is performed, following the least squares method (LSM). The results of the analysis show that the rate of absorption of EU funds has no statistically significant effect on the rate of short-term economic growth and the employment rate in the countries of this region, but that it affects the unemployment rate in them.
A Model for control on teams
Authors:   University of National and World Economy - mlambovska@abv.bg, Lambovska Mayа
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an original model for control on teams based on the classical and contemporary achievements of a number of management and mathematical theories. The model combines fuzzy techniques and tools from the theory of confidence intervals, the theory of fuzzy subsets and the theory of fuzzy logic. They are used for evaluation, quantification of qualitative evaluations/ forecasts, decision making, exploration of mutual and hidden effects. The specificity of the model finds expression primarily in the way by which team performance is understood and evaluated. The evaluation procedure is carried out through the application of fuzzy logic by transforming the team evaluations on input variables into resultant quantitative/qualitative evaluations of team performance and the need to react to the team. This paper is divided into three parts. The methodological basis of the author’s concept of control on teams is clarified in the first part of the paper. A general presentation of the model for control on teams is done in the second part of the paper. The stages and procedures of the model are presented in the third part of the paper.
A modified EKC for sustainability assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel data analysis
Authors:   University of Mauritius, Bisun Urvashi
Published: June 2023

A modified Environmental Kuznets Curve is proposed, where, by substituting the traditional measure of pollution with the level of natural resource depletion and degradation, a more sustainability-oriented EKC model is presented. The focus is placed on a panel data set of 30 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, over a period of thirty-five years (1980-2014). SSA is chosen as the subject of this research, as it is a resource-rich region and is currently one of the world’s fastest-growing regions in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI), especially natural resource seeking, but SSA is also plagued with poor institutional quality and widespread poverty and income inequality. Several studies also associate SSA with a resource curse. The EKC hypothesis is tested for natural resource depletion after controlling several variables pertinent to the SSA region. One of the major findings is that no EKC or inverted U-shape relationship is found between natural resource depletion and the level of economic development. In other words, natural resource depletion does not seem to subside after a given per capita income level is reached for the sampled countries. In addition, the results show that globalisation, which is measured through trade openness, and industrialisation both contribute towards a greater depletion of natural resources and hence have an adverse impact on environmental sustainability for this sample of countries.
Analysis of the tax systems in the EU countries
Authors:   South-West University ", Yakova Martina ,   Neofit Rilski"
Published: June 2023

The types of tax systems of the EU countries and their impact on the economic growth are analyzed. Differences are tracked as well as the trends in the three types of systems - income, consumer and hybrid. The survey is based on the experience of all 28 member states and covers the time period 1999-2015. For the empirical analysis, a linear regression model is used in the form of MPNC, on which the dependencies of different tax systems are derived. The results show that for countries with a consumer tax system, redistribution over the budget is lower than in those with income and hybrid systems. There is also a link with economic growth - the countries that maintain an income system show higher economic growth, those with consumerism are weaker, and in countries with a hybrid tax system there is a high and low growth.
Traditional or behavioral finance?
Authors:   Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Nedev Bozhidar
Published: June 2023

The main differences between the neoclassical financial theory and behavioural finance are presented. They include the concept of rational economic agents, the notion of objective probability, the capital asset pricing models, the portfolio theory and the efficient market hypothesis. The theory of expected utility and the prospect theory are the most distinguished scientific achievements in conventional and behavioural finance respectively. The theoretical assumptions and the practical implementations, on which they are built, are summarized. The psychological effects, determining the decision making process of economic agents in uncertainty, are alleged and compared to the notions of the normative theory. The two different viewpoints of the two opposing fields in finance are presented with regard to the financial markets and instruments, the decisions made by investors and the portfolios constructed by them.
SYSTEMIC RESEARCH OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN BULGARIA
Authors:   New Bulgarian University, Hadjitchoneva Juliana
Published: June 2023

The present study examines the contemporary theoretical formulations for studying and analyzing the factors that favor the entrepreneurial spirit and attitudes, promote the entrepreneurial environment in its integrity and determine the development of entrepreneurship. On this basis, an analytical model has been selected, which is applied for the purposes of the empirical study on the Bulgarian entrepreneurial ecosystem conducted by the author. The study is backed up by additional data so as to achieve a completeness of the scope and depth of the presentation of the entrepreneurial processes in Bulgaria and the progress in this area in recent years.
THE ESSENCE OF ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY, ITS PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTARIUM
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Danshina Yulya , Britchenko Igor ,   Higher Public School in Tarnobrzeg, Poland
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the theoretical approaches to electronic democracy, its significance and the possibilities in its broad and restricted realization during the process of e-government creation and the development of e-governance. The methodological basis of the investigation is an analysis of the theoretical foundations and the international practices applied in order to involve citizens in the decision-making process and data about the electronic participation of citizens gathered by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The practical significance of the present investigation is to define the correlation between the real state of the electronic participation of citizens and the proclaimed purposes of electronic democracy. The problems that make the circumstances around the formation of electronic democracy in Ukrainian more complicated have been defined and directions for the development and improvement of electronic interaction have been offered.
The role and development of the public sector in the field of Bulgaria’s transport infrastructure (1879-1947)
Authors:   Economic Research Institute аt BAS, Galabov Nikolay
Published: June 2023

The role and development of the public sector in the main sectors of the transport infrastructure of the new Bulgarian state up until the nationalization at the end of 1947 are analyzed. The particular significance of the public sector in them stems from the “poor inheritance” as well as the lack of capital in the hands of the Bulgarian bourgeoisie and its individualism. Experience shows that the alternative – subordinating developments in these areas to foreign capital – is less favorable, especially in the long run. The improvement of the transport infrastructure is a necessary prerequisite for the progress of agriculture and industry, as well as for the creation of the internal market and its linkage to external markets. Investments in it are several times higher than those in the industry, and it holds 40% of its employees. The economic efficiency of these investments is not only direct but also indirect. It is also realized in the private sector as well as in the social, state and political spheres. The development of transport infrastructure is a prerequisite for the development of more significant industrialization on the eve of, during and especially after the Second World War.
TARGETED SOCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR HEATING – HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES FOR LIMITING ENERGY POVERTY IN BULGARIA
Authors:   Economic Research Institute аt BAS, Shopov Georgi , Peneva Teodora ,   Economic Research Institute аt BAS
Published: June 2023

The aim of the article is to provide guidance on how to optimize targeted social assistance mechanisms for heating in the broader context of the need to pursue a national policy for the reduction of energy poverty. The research tasks are: to summarize Bulgaria's historical experience in providing targeted social aid for heating after 1995; to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses; to outline possible solutions and guidelines for the development of social protection in this area in the context of reducing energy poverty.
State and perspectives of economic development
Authors:   Economic Research Institute аt BAS, Kirova Alla
Published: June 2023

The Institute of Economic Research (IER) at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) was the organizer and host of the traditional autumn international scientific conference held on 29-30 November 2018. The conference was attended by researchers from Bulgaria, Macedonia, Slovenia, Poland and Kazakhstan. During the two-day forum, 48 papers were presented by 65 authors - representatives of 5 foreign academic institutions, 3 subdivisions of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS, BAS, RAS, Ruse), the Agricultural Academy, 14 universities from the country, as well as from the business and non-profit sectors, which enabled a multidisciplinary exchange of ideas, opinions and results of analyses of the state and prospects for the development of the economy of Bulgaria and other countries. Young scientists showed a keen interest in the conference theme - nearly half of the papers were prepared individually or in co-authorship with habilitated scientists and lecturers and presented by senior assistants, assistant professors and PhD students from the country and abroad.
Analysis of the gross loans and advances of the banks in Bulgaria and the European Union (2007-2017)
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Kaneva Aglika
Published: June 2023

The dynamics of the gross loans and advances of banks in Bulgaria has been examined in the 2007-2017 period. A comparative study has been made of the dynamics of the gross loans and advances of the banks in Bulgaria and the other EU member states. The major trends of bank lending in our country and the European Union have been enumerated.
STRUCTURAL CHALLENGES FOR THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS
Authors:   Varna Free University ", Panushev Emil ,   Chernorizets Hrabar"
Published: June 2023

Changes in the trade and economic relations of Bulgaria under the influence of Global Value Chains have been analysed. The changes in the value added trade of the national industries under the influence of the country’s participation of a country in the integration processes were have been examined. The characteristic structural elements of the foreign trade flows have been identified and the impact of the international trade regulatory framework on the country's external economic environment has been assessed.
Current legislative changes and economic aspects of the deinstitutionalisation of social services for children in Bulgaria
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Berberova-Valcheva Tsvetelina
Published: June 2023

The process of the deinstitutionalisation of social services for children is examined. Some of its economic features are highlighted based on an analysis of key economic elements and existing staff issues. A regulatory review of the changes in this area is made. The aim is to rationalize deinstitutionalisation as an adequate model for childcare and child rearing. The role of the state in the understanding of childcare is examined and the economic conditions under which it is carried out are presented.
Spatial analysis of trade activity using geographic information systems
Authors:   Thracian University - Stara Zagora, Markov Nedelin
Published: June 2023

А survey on the territorial location of commercial sites is presented. The aim is to investigate the shopping areas that have been formed within the individual residential areas and to determine the degree of their concentration, as well as to identify the potential reasons behind it. The survey uses geographic information systems in order to map the trade activity, including for the performing of subsequent analytical operations. Such research could have a practical application in the field of regional economy and in the process of opening new areas for the physical location of economic activities, as well as in the optimization of existing one.
ASPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THE MARKET FOR CARBONATED SOFT DRINKS IN BULGARIA FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF BUSINESS
Authors:   University of Economics – Varna, Georgieva Mariya
Published: June 2023

The concept of sustainable development has changed modern business. The successful companies of the 21st century strive to be good corporate citizens. This means integrating the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into their corporate strategies. The results of an empirical survey among carbonated soft drink manufacturers/bottling companies in Bulgaria on the aspects of applying CSR to this market are presented. The expert assessment offered by the business focuses on four key areas: (1) the role of CSR in the market for carbonated soft drinks in Bulgaria; (2) the effects of the implementation of CSR; (3) the consumer choice factors behind the purchase of carbonated soft drinks; and (4) the profile of the consumers of carbonated soft drinks.
The competitiveness of air transport on the international transport market
Authors:   HTU ", Koralova-Nozharova Petya ,   Todor Kableshkov"
Published: June 2023

Air transport is one of the fastest developing modes of transportation which contributes to the increase of GDP. The emergence and growing number of airlines offering low-cost flights, as well as the growing mobility of people not only in the EU, but also globally, compel transport operators to offer competitive transport services. In this regard, the main objective of the current study is to improve the conceptual model of Clark and Fujimoto (1991) in cases where it is applied in the assessment of the competitiveness of air transport.
Social innovations in the employment policies in Bulgaria
Authors:   Economic Research Institute аt BAS, Lukanova Pobeda
Published: June 2023

An analysis is made of the social innovations that have already been implemented after 2007, summarising their positive sides and their weaknesses. On this basis, and considering the employment prospects after 2020, the requirements for a more active use of the innovative process in the employment policies in Bulgaria are outlined.
The research supervision of PhD students in economics and business management - searching for productive solutions
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Lulanski Pano
Published: June 2023

The research supervision of PhD students (particularly in the fields of economics and business management) in Bulgaria is a process which is not taken care of sufficiently. There are serious loopholes in it that need to be overcome methodically in tertiary education. The purpose of the present article is to summarize the place and the role of the research supervisor in the doctoral level studies of economics and business management, and to outline the opportunities for the improvement of this process. The object of the article is the doctoral study, and its subject are the basic axioms, characteristics and expert assessment of the personality of the academic advisor, the criteria for his or her assignment, the objective focuses of the activity and the contemporary orientation of the academic supervision. These points are organized into two parts: (1) the inventory of the portrait of the research supervisor and (2) the necessary and feasible changes to the academic supervision in the conditions of a knowledge-based economy.
Marketing in action – theory, practice and education
Authors:   New Bulgarian University, Marinov Eduard , Temelkova Stefaniya ,   no data, Trendafilov Dimitar ,   no data
Published: June 2023

Marketing is one of the fastest growing areas of academic and practical economics in recent decades. Like any academic discipline that focuses primarily on real-world application, the connection between theory and practice is extremely strong in marketing, and very often the practice is ahead of the theory. This is true because, eventhough the theory seeks to find and provide in-depth answers to complex and intricate questions, in practice immediate solutions are needed to overcome emerging problems and challenges.
STORY MAPPING TO TEACH READING NARRATIVE TEXT AND IT’S PROBLEM
Authors: Solihati Nisa , Evenddy Sutrisno Sadji , Fargianti Yusti
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to reveal the process of teaching reading comprehension of narrative texts, and to find out the teacher's problems in applying story mapping techniques in teaching reading comprehension of narrative texts. This study uses qualitative research with a case study method. Data was collected from observation, interviews, and documentation. The participant in this study was an English teacher for class X IPA who taught narrative texts by applying the story mapping technique. The process of teaching and learning reading comprehension is going well, although not optimal. Meanwhile, there are five problems faced by the teacher in teaching reading comprehension, namely the teacher has difficulty if students cannot achieve basic mastery in reading, the teacher has difficulty if students read very slowly the reading text being taught, the teacher has difficulty if students cannot understand and find. conclusions, implications, and main ideas of the reading text, the teacher has difficulties in choosing teaching materials in teaching reading comprehension of narrative texts, and the teacher has problems in designing or modifying questions and exercises to attract students' interest in learning reading comprehension of narrative texts.
FIXED POINT RESULT FOR A CLASS OF EXTENDED INTERPOLATIVE CIRIC-REICH-RUS (α, β, γF)-TYPE CONTRACTIONS ON UNIFORM SPACES
Authors: Paul Mithun , Tiwary Kalishankar , Sarkar Krishnadhan
Published: June 2023

In this paper we have generalized the extended interpolative Ciric- Reich-Rus type ψF-contraction given in [22] by introducing extended interpolative Ciric-Reich-Rus type (α, β, γF) of type-I and type-II contractions. Using these type contractions we have established some unique fixed point results in S-complete Hausdorff uniform spaces. We have discussed about some basic definitions, properties, lemmas and theorems on uniform spaces in the introduction and preliminary sections. Some corollaries and examples are also given on the basis of the results.
SOME ENERGIES OF COCKTAIL PARTY GRAPH
Authors: Saroja M. Deva , Ponmani P.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we compute the distance energy, degree sum energy, degree exponent energy and degree sum exponent distance energy of Cocktail party graph.
THE FORCING CONVEX DOMINATION NUMBER OF A GRAPH
Authors: Danie E. Sherin , Chellathurai S. Robinson
Published: June 2023

Let G be a connected graph and D a minimum convex domination set of G. A subset T ⊆ D is called a forcing subset of D, if D is the unique minimum convex dominating set containing T. A forcing subset for D of minimum cardinality is a minimum forcing subset of D. The forcing convex domination number of D, denoted by γcon(D), is the cardinality of a minimum forcing subset of D. The forcing convex domination number of G, denoted by fγcon(G) and is defined by fγcon(G) = min {fγcon(D)}, where the minimum is taken over all minimum convex dominating sets D in G. Some general properties satisfied by this concepts are studied. The forcing fair dominating number of certain standard graphs are determined. It is shown that for every pair a, b of integers with 0 ≤ a <b, there exists a connected graph G such that fγcon(G) = a and γcon(G) = b.