bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study of the pre-eruptive unrest on El Hierro (Canary Islands):
implications of seismicity and deformation in the short-term volcanic hazard
assessment
Authors: Bartolini Stefania , López Carmen , Becerril Laura , Sobradelo Rosa , Martí Joan
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The correct identification and interpretation of unrest indicators are useful for forecasting volcanic eruptions, delivering early warnings, and understanding the changes occurring in a volcanic system prior to an eruption. Such indicators play an important role in upgrading previous long-term volcanic hazard assessments and help grasp the complexities of the preceding period of eruptive activity. In this work, we present a retrospective analysis of the 2011 unrest episode on the island of El Hierro that preceded a submarine eruption. We use seismic and surface deformation monitoring data to compute the susceptibility analysis (QVAST tool) and to study the evolution over time of the unrest (ST-HASSET tool). Additionally, we show the advantages to be gained by using continuous monitoring data and hazard assessment e-tools to upgrade spatio-temporal analyses and thus visualize more simply the development of the volcanic activity.
'We Must Find Words or Burn': Speaking Out against Disciplinary Silencing
Authors: Brison Susan J.
Published: July 2017

Susan J. Brison’s paper illustrates, with the use of a first-person narrative, how Catharine MacKinnon’s work reveals the role of silencing in the construction of the disciplinary reality of philosophy.
On the Politics of Coalition
Authors: Ruíz Elena , Dotson Kristie
Published: July 2017

In the wake of continued structural asymmetries between women of color and white feminisms, this essay revisits intersectional tensions in Catharine MacKinnon’s Toward a Feminist Theory of the State while exploring productive spaces of coalition. To explore such spaces, we reframe Toward a Feminist Theory of the State in terms of its epistemological project and highlight possible synchronicities with liberational features in women-of-color feminisms. This is done, in part, through an analysis of the philosophical role “method” plays in MacKinnon’s argument, and by reframing her critique of juridical neutrality and objectivity as epistemic harms. In the second section, we sketch out a provisional coalitional theory of liberation that builds on MacKinnon’s feminist epistemological insights and aligns them with decolonizing projects in women-of-color feminisms, suggesting new directions and conceptual revisions that are on the way to coalition.
Does Rarity Confer Value? Nietzsche on the Exceptional Individual
Authors: Hassan Patrick
Published: July 2017

By drawing upon contemporary debates in the theory of value, in this article I explore the evidence for taking Nietzsche to defend the view that rarity—at least under certain qualified conditions—matters for its own sake. I argue that this evidence is compelling, and that many intuitive objections to the view can be deflected by challenging the axiological assumptions that motivate them. The question concerning the value of rarity has significant evaluative implications concerning Nietzsche's famed critique of morality, and in particular the component of equality. While Nietzsche is traditionally interpreted as rejecting equality in virtue of its “leveling-down” effects upon certain perfectionist values, I claim that if rarity is itself valuable then we are left with a second critique of equality: that it undercuts the value of peculiarity. I explore the extent and significance of this objection in the final section of the article.
O Festival Halleluya em Fortaleza (Ceará, Brasil) sob a ótica do planejamento e da gestão de eventos
Authors: Costa Debora Cristina , Belchior Maria Helena , Melo Ana Julia
Published: July 2017

O presente estudo surgiu a partir da percepção quanto à relevância dos eventos no segmento religioso no Brasil. Pelo fato de os festivais religiosos estarem diretamente ligados à cultura, realizou-se um estudo de caso no Festival Halleluya, evento que ocorre desde 1997 no país, mas que apresenta uma lacuna quanto à consolidação e, por conseguinte, também se percebeu a falta de dados que congreguem informações relativas ao planejamento, à organização e à execução do mesmo. Dada a expressividade do evento em termos de público, abrangência, periodicidade e parceiros e por poder servir como um ícone ao se tratar de Festivais de cunho cultural religioso no país, buscou-se então sistematizar as informações referentes à organização e ao planejamento do Festival Halleluya sediado em Fortaleza (Ceará/CE, Brasil). Tem-se uma pesquisa descritiva abrangendo a tipologia de estudo de caso, de abordagem quanti-qualitativa na realização dos procedimentos inerentes à pesquisa de campo somando-se a realização de pesquisa bibliográfica. Como principais resultados percebidos, foi possível pormenorizar as fases do evento no ano de 2015, identificar os voluntários como principais envolvidos na organização e na realização do festival, além de se constatar uma estabilização na quantidade de público participante e um acréscimo considerável nos números relativos a itens envoltos à questão da solidariedade.
Short communication: Local infection of opium poppy leaves by Peronospora somniferi sporangia can give rise to systemic infections and seed infection in resistant cultivars
Authors: Montes-Borrego Miguel , Muñoz-Ledesma Francisco J. , Jiménez-Díaz Rafael M. , Landa Blanca B.
Published: July 2017

Downy mildew (DM) of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) caused by Peronospora somniferi is one of the most destructive diseases of this crop due to the systemic nature of infection as compared with local infections caused by Peronospora meconopsidis, the other downy mildew pathogen of this crop. We developed an inoculation method using Peronospora somniferi sporangia as inoculum and demonstrated for the first time that local infection of leaves by sporangia give rise to systemic infections in the plant as well as of seeds. Our results also showed that this inoculation protocol was very effective in reproducing disease symptoms and assessing the resistance response to DM in opium poppy genotypes under field conditions. More interestingly, results indicate that up to 100% of seed samples from some genotypes showing a complete (symptomless) resistant phenotype were infected by the pathogen when seeds were analyzed by a P. somniferi-specific nested-PCR protocol. This latter aspect deserves further attention while breeding opium poppy for resistance to P. somniferi.
A Comparison of Leadership Theories in an Organizational Environment
Authors: Cote Robert
Published: July 2017

This analysis will review three leadership theories focusing on how leader’s influence and motivate employees to accomplish tasks and goal achievement in an organizational environment. The three theories chosen are: (1) Situational Leadership Theory, (2) Path-Goal Leadership Theory, and (3) Leader-Member (LMX) Theory. In each leadership theory, background information, development and effectiveness, and strengths and weaknesses will be analyzed. Also, each leadership theory will be compared and contrasted according to similarities and differences. After each of these theories of leadership is reviewed, the last section will discuss Transformational Leadership, which has become an emerging leadership theory because it inspires, motivates, and energizes employees.
An Inquiry into the Challenges of Literary Translation to Improve Literary Translation Competence with Reference to an Anecdote by Heinrich von Kleist
Authors: Salehi Kahrizsangi Abbas Ali , Haddadi Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2017

Acquisition and improvement of literary translation competence is an important undertaking in teaching literary translation with the aim to enable the student to translate into the target language the content, expressive power, language style, and an equal function of the literary text. This essay pursues the aim of helping to create and improve the literary translation competence in the student by inquiring into and analyzing the challenges and proposing solutions to translation. The approach of this inquiry seeks to explain the significance of the language style and translation function in the target language using Nord’s Function-Focused Theory by making reference to a translation of an anecdote by Heinrich von Kleist.
The Prediction of Three Key Properties on Coalbed Methane Reservoir Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hadad Ahmad F. , Rachmat Sudjati , Ariadji Tutuka , Sidarto Kuntjoro A.
Published: July 2017

This research focuses on creating the prediction tools for the three key properties in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir; the properties are gas content, Langmuir parameters, and permeability. Basically, their roles are to describe the gas in place and also future dynamic behavior of CBM reservoir. These three key properties are tried to be predicted with open-hole data as the inputs.It uses artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to generate the prediction tools. It is started from data preparation and processing, then pattern or function identifications, and finalized by validation and testing. Several training algorithms are applied for ANN such as adaptive gradient descent (ANN_GDX), Levenberg-Marquardt (ANN_LM), resilient backpropagation (ANN_RP), scaled conjugate gradient (ANN_SCG), and Bayesian regularization algorithm (ANN_BR). The first fives employ the early stopping technique for regularization, and the last one does Bayesian regularization. On the other hand, the ANFIS will use only early stopping technique.Based on this research, it is concluded that both ANN and ANFIS are able to identify the patterns or function between open-hole log data and the three key properties (TKP). Furthermore, it can be concluded that ANN_LM, ANFIS, and ANN_BR are the best selected algorithms which resulted the lowest error of TKP’s predictions.
Estrategias de afrontamiento familiar y repercusiones en la salud familiar: Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Martínez-Montilla José Manuel , Amador-Marín Bárbara , Guerra-Martín María Dolores
Published: July 2017

Introducción: La salud familiar ha constituido una preocupación para todos aquellos que trabajan con la familia. La forma que tiene la familia de enfrentarse a los acontecimientos y proceso vitales estresantes es conocida como afrontamiento familiar y tiene repercusión en la salud familiar.
Objetivo: Conocer las estrategias de afrontamiento familiar y su relación con la salud familiar.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica a través de las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, PsycINFO y Dialnet, desde 2010 hasta 2016.
Resultados: Las estrategias iniciales de búsqueda identificaron un total de 1074 resultados, siendo finalmente seleccionados 23 estudios. En cuanto a las principales situaciones familiares estresantes fueron: enfermedades crónicas, Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA), enfermedades mentales y adicciones, accidentes y discapacidad, reajuste familiar, problemas laborales y financieros. Y las principales estrategias de afrontamiento familiar fueron: positivas como búsqueda de información, búsqueda de apoyo familiar, social o espiritual, aceptación y mejora de la autoestima. Y las negativas fueron negación, ocultación, desconexión, auto-culpa, distanciamiento emocional, consumo de sustancia, entre otros.
Conclusiones: Los acontecimientos estresantes alteran el equilibrio dinámico familiar, de ahí la importancia de que la unidad familiar posea buenas estrategias de afrontamiento. Por otro lado, es importante que los profesionales de la salud conozcan los principales estresores, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento familiar positivas, para mediante la promoción de la salud, poder prevenir los problemas derivados de un inadecuado afrontamiento familiar.
Estudio de la satisfacción laboral en los equipos de atención primaria en un área sanitaria de Asturias
Authors: Rodríguez Alonso Andrea , Gómez Fernández Patricia , De Dios del Valle Ricardo
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Valorar nivel de satisfacción laboral de los profesionales que trabajan en Atención Primaria en un Área de Asturias y los factores asociados.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Población de estudio: profesionales de cualquier categoría que trabajen en Centros de Salud del Área V (Asturias). Muestra: toda la población. Utilizamos el cuestionario validado Font-Roja AP y recogemos variables sociodemográficas y laborales. Las variables cuantitativas se describen con media y desviación estándar, las cualitativas con distribución porcentual de frecuencias. Se buscan posibles relaciones entre satisfacción laboral y resto de variables usando Chi-Cuadrado, t-Student y ANOVA.
Resultados: Tasa de respuesta: 57.22% (329 de 575). 72.3% mujeres. Edad media: 50,8 años (DE: 10.09). El 83.9% se autodeclaran como satisfechos (IC95%:83.5-91.2). Sólo el 62.6% (IC 95%: 57.4-68.2) están satisfechos calculando la Satisfacción Media Global (SMG) derivada de Font-Roja. Dimensiones del Font-Roja con mayor satisfacción “relación con los compañeros” y “competencia profesional”. Menor satisfacción: “promoción profesional” y “tensión relacionada con trabajo”. Todas las categorías otorgan baja puntuación al sueldo, siendo las peores administrativos y celadores (p< 0,001). En el análisis bivariante entre SMG y variables sociodemográficas, hay asociación estadísticamente significativa con la docencia, 68.8% satisfechos en centros docentes (p 0,039) y con categoría profesional, siendo los más satisfechos los MIR/EIR 88,9% y los menos los médicos 46,1% (p: 0.009).
Conclusiones: La mayoría de los profesionales se encuentran satisfechos laboralmente. Presentan una mayor satisfacción autodeclarada que la que se deduce de la medición SMG en Font-Roja. Áreas de mejora: sueldo, promoción profesional y tensión en el trabajo.
Relación entre teoría y praxis en la formación de profesionales de enfermería: revisión integradora de literatura
Authors: Piedrahita Sandoval Laura Elvira , Rosero Prado Ana Lucia
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo es una revisión integradora de publicaciones de revistas indexadas inscritas en las bases de datos Scielo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, CUIDEN, OVID, pub Med, y TESEO, entre 2000-2014 escritas en español, portugués e inglés.
El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar en las producciones científicas la problematización de la relación entre teoría y praxis en la formación de  los profesionales de enfermería.
Se seleccionaron 35 documentos, con base en criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Para el análisis, los estudios fueron ordenados de acuerdo a aspectos comunes como: tipo de documento, país de origen, autor, año de publicación, conceptos clave y/o definiciones. El estudio posibilitó la agrupación de los datos en unidades temáticas, emergiendo tres categorías: Estudios relacionados con los profesores y el currículo, estudios relacionados con los estudiantes y los estudios relacionados con los enfermeros asistenciales a partir de su práctica profesional.
Los resultados indican que la complejidad de la relación entre la teoría y la práctica es evidente, demostrando que no existe una transferencia del conocimiento teórico de las aulas, a la realidad de la práctica asistencial. Adicionalmente, se resalta la discreta productividad de estudios relacionados con esta temática, más teniendo en cuenta la importancia del tema y la preocupación constante que genera tanto en los profesores, estudiantes, como en los enfermeros asistenciales.
La continencia de Escipión.
Authors: Egea Vivancos Alejandro
Published: July 2017

En este estudio se presenta un recorrido analítico por todas las fuentes existentes sobre el episodio conocido como "continencia" de Publio Cornelio Escipión el Africano, comprobando cómo un hombre de carne y hueso se transforma con el tiempo, en el recuerdo colectivo, en un ser legendario.
Does fault strengthening in laboratory rock friction experiments really depend primarily upon time and not slip?
Authors: Bhattacharya Pathikrit , Rubin Allan M. , Beeler Nicholas M.
Published: July 2017

The popular constitutive formulations of rate‐and‐state friction offer two end‐member views on whether friction evolves only with slip (Slip law) or with time even without slip (Aging law). While rate stepping experiments show support for the Slip law, laboratory‐observed frictional behavior near zero slip rates has traditionally been inferred as supporting Aging law style time‐dependent healing, in particular, from the slide‐hold‐slide experiments of Beeler et al. (1994). Using a combination of new analytical results and explicit numerical (Bayesian) inversion, we show instead that the slide‐hold‐slide data of Beeler et al. (1994) favor slip‐dependent state evolution during holds. We show that, while the stiffness‐independent rate of growth of peak stress (following reslides) with hold duration is a property shared by both the Aging and (under a more restricted set of parameter combinations) Slip laws, the observed stiffness dependence of the rate of stress relaxation during long holds is incompatible with the Aging law with constant rate‐state parameters. The Slip law consistently fits the evolution of the stress minima at the end of the holds well, whether fitting jointly with peak stresses or otherwise. But neither the Aging nor Slip laws fit all the data well when a − b is constrained to values derived from prior velocity steps. We also attempted to fit the evolution of stress peaks and minima with the Kato‐Tullis hybrid law and the shear stress‐dependent Nagata law, both of which, even with the freedom of an extra parameter, generally reproduced the best Slip law fits to the data.
Double jeopardy in astronomy and planetary science: Women of color face greater risks of gendered and racial harassment
Authors: Clancy Kathryn B. H. , Lee Katharine M. N. , Rodgers Erica M. , Richey Christina
Published: July 2017

Women generally, and women of color specifically, have reported hostile workplace experiences in astronomy and related fields for some time. However, little is known of the extent to which individuals in these disciplines experience inappropriate remarks, harassment, and assault. We hypothesized that the multiple marginality of women of color would mean that they would experience a higher frequency of inappropriate remarks, harassment, and assault in the astronomical and planetary science workplace. We conducted an internet‐based survey of the workplace experiences of 474 astronomers and planetary scientists between 2011 and 2015 and found support for this hypothesis. In this sample, in nearly every significant finding, women of color experienced the highest rates of negative workplace experiences, including harassment and assault. Further, 40% of women of color reported feeling unsafe in the workplace as a result of their gender or sex, and 28% of women of color reported feeling unsafe as a result of their race. Finally, 18% of women of color, and 12% of white women, skipped professional events because they did not feel safe attending, identifying a significant loss of career opportunities due to a hostile climate. Our results suggest that the astronomy and planetary science community needs to address the experiences of women of color and white women as they move forward in their efforts to create an inclusive workplace for all scientists.
High‐Efficiency Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Parallel Tandem Configuration
Authors: Zuo Lijian , Yu Jiangsheng , Shi Xueliang , Lin Francis , Tang Weihua , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: July 2017

In this work, a highly efficient parallel connected tandem solar cell utilizing a nonfullerene acceptor is demonstrated. Guided by optical simulation, each of the active layer thicknesses of subcells are tuned to maximize its light trapping without spending intense effort to match photocurrent. Interestingly, a strong optical microcavity with dual oscillation centers is formed in a back subcell, which further enhances light absorption. The parallel tandem device shows an improved photon‐to‐electron response over the range between 450 and 800 nm, and a high short‐circuit current density (J
SC) of 17.92 mA cm−2. In addition, the subcells show high fill factors due to reduced recombination loss under diluted light intensity. These merits enable an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >10% for this tandem cell, which represents a ≈15% enhancement compared to the optimal single‐junction device. Further application of the designed parallel tandem configuration to more efficient single‐junction cells enable a PCE of >11%, which is the highest efficiency among all parallel connected organic solar cells (OSCs). This work stresses the importance of employing a parallel tandem configuration for achieving efficient light harvesting in nonfullerene‐based OSCs. It provides a useful strategy for exploring the ultimate performance of organic solar cells.
Yolk–Shelled C@Fe3O4 Nanoboxes as Efficient Sulfur Hosts for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: He Jiarui , Luo Liu , Chen Yuanfu , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: July 2017

Owing to the high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mA h g−1) and low cost, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries offer advantages for next‐generation energy storage. However, the polysulfide dissolution and low electronic conductivity of sulfur cathodes limit the practical application of Li–S batteries. To address such issues, well‐designed yolk–shelled carbon@Fe3O4 (YSC@Fe3O4) nanoboxes as highly efficient sulfur hosts for Li–S batteries are reported here. With both physical entrapment by carbon shells and strong chemical interaction with Fe3O4 cores, this unique architecture immobilizes the active material and inhibits diffusion of the polysulfide intermediates. Moreover, due to their high conductivity, the carbon shells and the polar Fe3O4 cores facilitate fast electron/ion transport and promote continuous reactivation of the active material during the charge/discharge process, resulting in improved electrochemical utilization and reversibility. With these merits, the S/YSC@Fe3O4 cathodes support high sulfur content (80 wt%) and loading (5.5 mg cm−2) and deliver high specific capacity, excellent rate capacity, and long cycling stability. This work provides a new perspective to design a carbon/metal‐oxide‐based yolk–shelled framework as a high sulfur‐loading host for advanced Li–S batteries with superior electrochemical properties.
Stretchable Optical Fibers: Threads for Strain‐Sensitive Textiles
Authors: Harnett Cindy K. , Zhao Huichan , Shepherd Robert F.
Published: July 2017

Soft, stretchable, sewable, and strain‐sensitive optical fibers are reported. Intrinsically stretchable optical waveguides capable of >100% strain are formed by coating a commercially available elastic urethane fiber (“Stretch Magic”) with a silicone cladding having a lower refractive index. These 1–2 mm diameter fibers can be attached to textiles using a sewing machine. Because the attaching threads create microbends in the fiber, the sewn fibers are prestrained for monotonic intensity‐versus‐strain behavior. Installed in a stretchable piece of athletic tape, they detect strains originating from changing muscle shapes during weight‐bearing activity.
Carbonyl Ylides Derived from Palladium Carbenes: The Impressive Fluorine Effect
Authors: Zhu Chuanle , Zhu Rui , Chen Pengquan , Chen Fulin , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: July 2017

The first example for the generation of carbonyl ylides from palladium carbenes is reported. Systematic investigation of the substituents attached to the carbonyl group indicates that the employment of trifluoromethyl group as the substituent is very critical for the success of this transformation. The remarkable fluorine effect on the reactivity is very impressive, which allows the construction of various trifluoromethylated oxiranes in high yields and diastereoselectivities.

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GaSb‐Based Solar Cells for Full Solar Spectrum Energy Harvesting
Authors: Lumb Matthew P. , Mack Shawn , Schmieder Kenneth J. , González María , Bennett Mitchell F. , Scheiman David , Meitl Matthew , Fisher Brent , Burroughs Scott , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Rogers John A. , Walters Robert J.
Published: July 2017

In this work, a multijunction solar cell is developed on a GaSb substrate that can efficiently convert the long‐wavelength photons typically lost in a multijunction solar cell into electricity. A combination of modeling and experimental device development is used to optimize the performance of a dual junction GaSb/InGaAsSb concentrator solar cell. Using transfer printing, a commercially available GaAs‐based triple junction cell is stacked mechanically with the GaSb‐based materials to create a four‐terminal, five junction cell with a spectral response range covering the region containing >99% of the available direct‐beam power from the Sun reaching the surface of the Earth. The cell is assembled in a mini‐module with a geometric concentration ratio of 744 suns on a two‐axis tracking system and demonstrated a combined module efficiency of 41.2%, measured outdoors in Durham, NC. Taking into account the measured transmission of the optics gives an implied cell efficiency of 44.5%.
Unveiling the Link Between Fractional Schrödinger Equation and Light Propagation in Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Zhang Da , Zhang Yiqi , Zhang Zhaoyang , Ahmed Noor , Zhang Yanpeng , Li Fuli , Belić Milivoj R. , Xiao Min
Published: July 2017

We suggest a real physical system — the honeycomb lattice — as a possible realization of the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) system, through utilization of the Dirac‐Weyl equation (DWE). The fractional Laplacian in FSE causes modulation of the dispersion relation of the system, which becomes linear in the limiting case. In the honeycomb lattice, the dispersion relation is already linear around the Dirac point, suggesting a possible connection with the FSE, since both models can be reduced to the one described by the DWE. Thus, we propagate Gaussian beams in three ways: according to FSE, honeycomb lattice around the Dirac point, and DWE, to discover universal behavior — the conical diffraction. However, if an additional potential is brought into the system, the similarity in behavior is broken, because the added potential serves as a perturbation that breaks the translational periodicity of honeycomb lattice and destroys Dirac cones in the dispersion relation.
Shape memory properties of olefin block copolymer (OBC)/poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) blends
Authors: Lai Sun‐Mou , Wang Xue‐Fen
Published: July 2017

Conventionally, the chemically crosslinked shape memory polymer (SMP) blends are hard to recycle due to their network structure. Herein, the environmental SMP blends of olefin block copolymer (OBC), a unique thermoplastic elastomer, and poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) were physically crosslinked. Dicumyl peroxide was used as the compatibilizer to improve their miscibility, as evidenced by the reduced dispersed domain size of PCL in the OBC matrix and the increased complex viscosity. The peroxide modified OBC/PCL blend conferred enhanced tensile properties, increased dynamic storage modulus, increased crystallization temperature, and higher recovery stress. The shape memory behaviors of OBC/PCL blends predeformed under two different predeformation temperatures (30 and 65 °C) were investigated. The recovery stress showed respective maximum peak values corresponding to their predeformation temperatures. In addition, the modified blends gave the better shape memory performance at 65 °C. Besides the peroxide modification approach, a precycle training process via prestretching the samples and reducing the mechanical hysteresis was implemented to improve shape memory performance further. This is the first work on the OBC‐based SMP blends to enhance shape memory performance by combining the chemical modification using added peroxide compatibilizer and the process modification using a precycle training process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45475.
Long‐term activity of QU Car
Authors: Šimon V.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents an analysis of the long‐term activity of the cataclysmic variable (CV) QU Car using CCD (charge‐coupled device) V‐band ASAS (All Sky Automated Survey) data, obtained between 2001 and 2009. I show that the evolution of brightness on the timescale of weeks and months (not from night to night) dominates the light curve during this mapped time. The histograms of brightness are not consistent with the normal distribution and show that the character of the light curve changes for the individual years, although the mean brightness remains similar. One episode of an exceptionally bright state displayed a return accompanied by a series of strong fluctuations of brightness. This shows that the amplitude of the brightness variations changes from time to time, and it does not always depend on the mean level of brightness. This analysis of QU Car thus shows the type of the long‐term activity in a CV with a very high mass transfer rate.
Graphene Foam Decorated with Ceria Microspheres as a Flexible Cathode for Foldable Lithium‐Air Batteries
Authors: Jiang Yuexing , Cheng Junfang , Zou Lu , Li Xinyu , Huang Yizhen , Jia Lichao , Chi Bo , Pu Jian , Li Jian
Published: July 2017

Foldable lithium‐air batteries with a high theoretical specific energy show wide applications in portable electronic devices, and the flexible cathodes play the most important role. In this work, CeO2 microspheres are grown in situ on 3 D interconnected graphene foam by hydrothermal treatment as the flexible cathode for lithium‐air batteries. With the assistance of a macroporous framework for rapid O2 diffusion and CeO2 distributed uniformly for enhanced catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction, the lightweight flexible cathodes show a large discharge capacity of 3250 mA h g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 (based on the whole cathode) and can cycle steadily for 80 times with a capacity limitation of 600 mA h g−1. The flexible lithium‐air battery based on the new cathode also shows a stable discharge/charge potential platform during bending and good electrochemical reversibility after bending for at least 1000 times in ambient air. The study reveals that the high‐catalytic‐activity flexible cathode would be suitable for foldable lithium‐air batteries.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pentacyclic Triterpene Dimers as HCV Entry Inhibitors
Authors: Meng Lingkuan , Wang Qi , Tang Tao , Xiao Sulong , Zhang Lihe , Zhou Demin , Yu Fei
Published: July 2017

A series of triterpene dimers bearing different scaffold were designed and synthesized via CuAAC reaction. Their anti‐HCV entry activities were evaluated by HCVpp and VSVpp entry assays. It was found that echinocystic acid (EA) and its dimer were still necessary for maintaining anti‐HCV entry activity, and replacement of EA by other triterpenes might significantly decrease its anti‐viral activities. Using a linker bearing a piperazine group, compound 14 dramatically increased its potency with IC50 at 2.87 nmol/L. In addition, the undesired hemolytic effect of all these compounds was removed.
Polydiacetylene‐Tb3+ Nanosheets of Which Both the Color and the Fluorescence Can Be Reversibly Switched between Two Colors
Authors: Yao Yuansi , Fu Kaiyu , Huang Xiayun , Chen Daoyong
Published: July 2017

Polydiacetylenes (PDAs), an organic layered compound, show a series of intriguing properties, such as thermochromism and fluorescence emission in the red‐phase. However, their irreversible color change, and weak and single‐color fluorescence emitted only from the red‐phase PDAs, have limited their applications. Herein, we report double‐reversible PDA‐Tb3+ nanosheets of which both the color and the fluorescence can be reversibly switched between two colors. PDA‐Tb3+ nanosheets have the nearly defect‐free intercalated structure in which a layer of Tb3+ ions was intercalated in between each two PDA bilayers to tether almost all of the carboxyl groups at the end of the side chains of the PDA. When the PDA is in the blue phase, the PDA‐Tb3+ nanosheets emit the green fluorescence of Tb3+ ions. When the PDA is in the red phase, the Tb3+ fluorescence disappears while the intrinsic red fluorescence of PDA is effectively enhanced through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process; the PDA‐Tb3+ nanosheets emit stronger red fluorescence compared with the PDA in red phase. Moreover, the tethering of almost all of the carboxyl groups at the end of the side chains of the PDA endows the nanosheets with the double reversibility in both the color and fluorescence transitions.
Photoinduced Trans‐to‐cis Phase Transition of Polycrystalline Azobenzene at Low Irradiance Occurs in the Solid State
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ujjal , Freppon Daniel , Men Long , Vela Javier , Smith Emily A. , Petrich Jacob W.
Published: July 2017

The ability to produce large‐scale, reversible structural changes in a variety of materials by photoexcitation of a wide variety of azobenzene derivatives has been recognized for almost two decades. Because photoexcitation of trans‐azobenzene produces the cis‐isomer in solution, it has generally been inferred that the macroscopic structural changes occurring in materials are also initiated by a similar large‐amplitude trans‐to‐cis isomerization. This work provides the first demonstration that a trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization occurs in polycrystalline azobenzene, and is consistent with the previously hypothesized nature of the trigger in the photoactuated mechanisms of the materials in question. It is also demonstrated that under low irradiance, trans‐to‐cis isomerization occurs in the solid (not via a pre‐melted phase); and the presence of the cis‐isomer thus lowers the melting point of the sample, providing a liquid phase. A variety of experimental techniques were employed, including X‐ray diffraction measurements of polycrystalline azobenzene during exposure to laser irradiation and fluorescence measurements of the solid sample. A practical consequence of this work is that it establishes trans‐azobenzene as an easily obtainable and well‐defined control for monitoring photoinduced structural changes in X‐ray diffraction experiments, using easily accessible laser wavelengths.
Was daraus alles werden kann
Authors: Niendorf Thomas , Brenne Florian , Günther Johannes
Published: July 2017

Von Kunststoff bis Keramik – additive Fertigung, besser bekannt als 3‐D‐Druck, ist mit nahezu allen Materialien möglich. Werkstoffforscher zeigen mit Metallen, dass „noch mehr geht“. Durch ein optimiertes lokales Prozessdesign wollen sie neue Werkstoffeigenschaften schaffen.
The health and economic impact of scaling cervical cancer prevention in 50 low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Campos Nicole G. , Sharma Monisha , Clark Andrew , Lee Kyueun , Geng Fangli , Regan Catherine , Kim Jane , Resch Stephen
Published: July 2017

Objective

To estimate the health impact, financial costs, and cost‐effectiveness of scaling‐up coverage of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (young girls) and cervical cancer screening (women of screening age) for women in countries that will likely need donor assistance.

Methods

We used a model‐based approach to synthesize population, demographic, and epidemiological data from 50 low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries. Models were used to project the costs (US $), lifetime health impact (cervical cancer cases, deaths averted), and cost‐effectiveness (US $ per disability adjusted life year [DALY] averted) of: (1) two‐dose HPV‐16/18 vaccination of girls aged 10 years; (2) once‐in‐a‐lifetime screening, with treatment when needed, of women aged 35 years with either HPV DNA testing or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA); and (3) cervical cancer treatment over a 10‐year roll‐out.

Results

We estimated that both HPV vaccination and screening would be very cost‐effective, and a comprehensive program could avert 5.2 million cases, 3.7 million deaths, and 22.0 million DALYs over the lifetimes of the intervention cohorts for a total 10‐year program cost of US $3.2 billion.

Conclusion

Investment in HPV vaccination of young girls and cervical cancer screen‐and‐treat programs in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries could avert a substantial burden of disease while providing good value for public health dollars.
Assessment of hypertensive cerebrovascular alterations with multiband Look–Locker arterial spin labeling
Authors: Lee Yoojin , Kim Tae
Published: July 2017

Purpose

To quantitatively assess the hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular alterations by measuring the dynamics of arterial spin labeling (ASL) signals.

Materials and Methods

The multiband Look–Locker ASL (MB LL‐ASL) technique was evaluated in comparison to a single‐band LL‐ASL for three healthy subjects. Also, seven healthy subjects were scanned to determine the strength of the vascular crushing gradients applied to separate arterial from tissue ASL signal. With the optimized MB LL‐ASL technique, multiple parameters, cerebral blood flow (CBF), transit times to artery (tA), and capillary (tC), delivery duration of labeled blood (τ), and arterial blood volume (CBVa), were simultaneously quantified for age‐matched eight control and eight hypertensive subjects with 259 msec of temporal resolution and 20 slices covering the whole‐brain region at 3T.

Results

While CBF of hypertensives were comparable with those of normotensives (CBF of normotensives vs. hypertensives = 62.2 ± 6.87 vs. 61.9 ± 8.94 ml/100g/min, P = 0.960 for the whole gray matter), tC and τ were prolonged in hypertensives in most brain regions (tC = 1.30 ± 0.09 vs. 1.76 ± 0.16 sec, P = 0.034; τ = 1.46 ± 0.10 vs. 2.30 ± 0.22 sec, P = 0.006 for the whole gray matter). Two regions showed the increased CBVa in hypertensives compared to normotensives (hippocampus and thalamus with P = 0.009 and 0.035, respectively).

Conclusion

Hypertension slows the perfusion dynamics, while the remaining CBF is unchanged. A detailed characterization of regional cerebrovascular impairments by MB‐LL‐ASL technique provides better understanding of hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular modifications.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:663–672.
Neurosonology Accuracy for Isolated Acute Vestibular Syndromes
Authors: Tábuas‐Pereira Miguel , Sargento‐Freitas João , Isidoro Luís , Silva Fernando , Galego Orlando , Nunes César , Cordeiro Gustavo , Cunha Luís
Published: July 2017

Objectives

The clinical approach to acute vestibular syndromes is often complex for the physician. Neurosonology offers a noninvasive method to study the cervicocephalic circulation when a vascular etiology is suspected. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a vascular neurosonological exam in isolated acute vestibular syndrome.

Methods

All patients submitted to cerebrovascular ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging during the period between 2011 and 2015 with acute isolated vestibular syndrome. Those with any clinical sign of brainstem lesion on presentation were excluded. All patients performed the neuroimaging study (brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) and neurologic surveillance. Neurosonological exam included all intra‐ and extracranial segments of the vertebrobasilar circulation. Positive ultrasound exam was defined as the presence of stenotic or occlusive disease in any of these segments related to the infarcted area.

Results

A total of 108 patients were included: 60 (53.6%) were males (mean age: 60.75 years (standard deviation, 14.17)). In 27 patients (25.0%) a cerebral ischemic lesion was found to be the cause of the vertigo. Neurosonological assessment showed a sensitivity of 40.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22.4; 61.2), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 95.5; 100.0), positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% (95% CI: 71.5; 100.0), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 83.5% (95% CI: 74.6; 90.3).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that cerebrovascular ultrasound is a highly specific method for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular vertigo. However, its low sensitivity makes it a poor candidate for screening.
Diagnostic Value of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography and Time‐Intensity Curve in Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Metastatic and Tuberculous Lymph Nodes
Authors: Cui Qiu‐li , Yin Shan‐shan , Fan Zhi‐Hui , Yang Wei , Wang Song , Yan Kun
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and metastatic lymph nodes.

Methods

Nineteen cervical tuberculous lymph nodes and 43 cervical metastatic lymph nodes were investigated. The CEUS perfusion patterns and parameters of time‐intensity curve (TIC) were analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy and consistency of two physicians were compared before and after CEUS and TIC analysis.

Results

Conventional ultrasonography showed no significant differences between tuberculous and metastatic lymph nodes. Concentric enhancement at the arterial phase of CEUS occurred in 15 of 19 (78.9%) tuberculous lymph nodes and 42 of 43 (97.7%) metastatic lymph nodes (P < .05). For the TIC curve, a steep descending curve with an apparent notch was commonly found in tuberculous lymph nodes (13 of 16). Although a shallow descending curve was common (40 of 43) in metastatic lymph nodes, most did not have a notch on the curve (39 of 43) (P < .01). The k‐value and the peak intensity (PI) value of tuberculous lymph nodes were significantly higher and the △PI value was significantly lower than that of metastatic lymph nodes (P < .05, respectively). Kappa values for the diagnosis consistency of the two physicians before and after CEUS and TIC analysis were 0.582 and 0.761, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy before and after CEUS and TIC analysis was 47.4% (28 of 59) and 96.6% (57 of 59), respectively (P < .001).

Conclusions

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography with TIC analysis is helpful in differentiating tuberculous from metastatic lymph nodes.
Remarkable Promotion Effect of Sulfation over the SiO2‐Supported Vanadium‐Oxide‐Based Catalysts for UHMWPE
Authors: Jin Yulong , Zhao Ning , Cheng Ruihua , He Xuelian , Liu Zhen , Liu Boping
Published: July 2017

The effects of sulfation on VOx/SiO2–MOy(M = Al, Zr, or Ti) are systemically studied for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), showing that the activity remains stable under the investigated polymerization temperature (Tp) from 70 to 90 °C, and is almost doubled after sulfation. According to the results of NH3–TPD, pyridine‐adsorption‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the enhancement effect in activity is likely related to the promoted acidity of the catalysts and the increased electron deficiency of the V center. Remarkable cocatalyst dependence is found and has the priority of diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC) > ethylaluminum sesquichloride > triisobutylaluminum > triethylaluminum, and the highest activity of 5200 kg PE mol−1V could be obtained with DEAC as cocatalyst. The viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of the PEs can be regulated from 3 to 5 × 106g mol−1by decreasingTpfrom 90 to 70 °C. Based on the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) annealing experiments, highly entangled UHMWPE is produced.
Stabilization of protein structure through π–π interaction in the second coordination sphere of pseudoazurin
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahide , Nihei Yuko , Sutherland Duncan E. K. , Stillman Martin J. , Kohzuma Takamitsu
Published: July 2017

Noncovalent, weak interactions in the second coordination sphere of the copper active site of Pseudoazurin (PAz) from Achromobacter cycloclastes were examined using a series of Met16X variants. In this study, the differences in protein stability due to the changes in the nature of the 16th amino acid (Met, Phe, Val, Ile) were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and far‐UV circular dichroism (CD) as a result of acid denaturation. The percentage of native states (folded holo forms) of Met16Phe variants was estimated to be 75% at pH 2.9 although the wild‐type (WT), Met16Val and Met16Ile PAz, became completely unfolded. The high stability under acidic conditions is correlated with the result of the active site being stabilized by the aromatic substitution of the Met16 residue. The π–π interaction in the second coordination sphere makes a significant contribution to the stability of active site and the protein matrix.
Bayesian adaptive dose‐escalation designs for simultaneously estimating the optimal and maximum safe dose based on safety and efficacy
Authors: Yeung Wai Yin , Reigner Bruno , Beyer Ulrich , Diack Cheikh , Sabanés bové Daniel , Palermo Giuseppe , Jaki Thomas
Published: July 2017

The main purpose of dose‐escalation trials is to identify the dose(s) that is/are safe and efficacious for further investigations in later studies. In this paper, we introduce dose‐escalation designs that incorporate both the dose‐limiting events and dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) and indicative responses of efficacy into the procedure. A flexible nonparametric model is used for modelling the continuous efficacy responses while a logistic model is used for the binary DLTs. Escalation decisions are based on the combination of the probabilities of DLTs and expected efficacy through a gain function. On the basis of this setup, we then introduce 2 types of Bayesian adaptive dose‐escalation strategies. The first type of procedures, called “single objective,” aims to identify and recommend a single dose, either the maximum tolerated dose, the highest dose that is considered as safe, or the optimal dose, a safe dose that gives optimum benefit risk. The second type, called “dual objective,” aims to jointly estimate both the maximum tolerated dose and the optimal dose accurately. The recommended doses obtained under these dose‐escalation procedures provide information about the safety and efficacy profile of the novel drug to facilitate later studies. We evaluate different strategies via simulations based on an example constructed from a real trial on patients with type 2 diabetes, and the use of stopping rules is assessed. We find that the nonparametric model estimates the efficacy responses well for different underlying true shapes. The dual‐objective designs give better results in terms of identifying the 2 real target doses compared to the single‐objective designs.
A new false‐root identification method based on two‐terminal fault location algorithm for double‐circuit transmission lines
Authors: Wang Shoupeng , Zhao Dongmei
Published: July 2017

A fault location algorithm without synchronization for double‐circuit transmission lines does not require sampling synchronization, reduces the cost, and has a higher engineering value, but the algorithm still needs to be improved in the false‐root identification. This paper conducts further studies on this issue. First, the false‐root problem of the fault location algorithm without synchronization is analyzed, and then a new false‐root identification method is proposed, which is based on the difference of the existence of the false root in the calculation of the voltage amplitude along the line with different electrical moduli. It can solve the problem of the traditional method, which cannot distinguish between voltage amplitudes when they are close. Second, considering the shortcoming of the existing phase‐mode transformation matrix, a new phase‐mode transformation matrix applied to double‐circuit lines is deduced, which is based on the six‐sequence component method; it can be combined with the new false‐root identification method, thereby realizing false‐root identification under various types of faults. Finally, fault location is realized by using the moduli in the mold domain. The principle does not need to synchronize data in two terminals and is not affected by the fault types, fault resistances, and other factors. As is shown in a large number of Alternative Transients Program version of Electro‐Magnetic Transients Program (ATP‐EMTP) simulation results, the fault location has a higher accuracy © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.