bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guiding light through optical bound states in the continuum for ultrahigh‐Q microresonators
Authors: Zou Chang‐Ling , Cui Jin‐Ming , Sun Fang‐Wen , Xiong Xiao , Zou Xu‐Bo , Han Zheng‐Fu , Guo Guang‐Can
Published: November 2014

Light is usually confined in photonic structures with a band gap or relatively high refractive index for broad scientific and technical applications. Here, a light confinement mechanism is proposed based on the photonic bound state in the continuum (BIC). In a low‐refractive‐index waveguide on a high‐refractive‐index thin membrane, optical dissipation is forbidden because of the destructive interference of various leakage channels. The BIC‐based low‐mode‐area waveguide and high‐Q microresonator can be used to enhance light–matter interaction for laser, nonlinear optical and quantum optical applications. For example, a polymer structure on a diamond membrane shows excellent optical performance that can be achieved with large fabrication tolerance. It can induce strong coupling between photons and the nitrogen–vacancy center in diamond for scalable quantum information processors and networks.

image
Immediate extubation after pediatric liver transplantation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Fullington Nora M. , Cauley Ryan P. , Potanos Kristina M. , O'Melia Laura , Zurakowski David , Bae Kim Heung , Seefelder Christian , Vakili Khashayar
Published: November 2014

The care of pediatric liver transplant recipients has traditionally included postoperative mechanical ventilation. In 2005, we started extubating children undergoing liver transplantation in the operating room according to standard criteria for extubation used for general surgery cases. We reviewed our single‐center experience to determine our rates of immediate extubation and practice since that time. The records of 84 children who underwent liver transplantation from 2005 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The immediate extubation rate increased from 33% during 2005‐2008 to 67% during 2009‐2011. Immediate extubation did not result in an increased reintubation rate in comparison with delayed extubation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients undergoing immediate extubation had a trend toward a shorter mean ICU stay as well as a significantly decreased overall hospital length of stay. Our findings suggest that there is a learning curve for instituting immediate extubation in the operating room after liver transplantation and that the majority of pediatric liver recipients can safely undergo immediate extubation. Liver Transpl 21:57‐62, 2015. © 2014 AASLD.
Hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation: Is endovascular treatment always necessary?
Authors: Pulitano Carlo , Joseph David , Sandroussi Charbel , Verran Deborah , Strasser Simone I. , Shackel Nicholas A. , McCaughan Geoffrey W. , Crawford Michael
Published: November 2014

Hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) is thought to predispose patients to biliary complications secondary to ischemic injury. Despite this, the clinical significance of HAS remains poorly defined. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and outcomes of HAS and to define which patients might benefit from endovascular treatment. From a prospective database of 662 adult patients undergoing liver transplantation between 2000 and 2011, we identified 54 patients who developed HAS. HAS was defined as any stenosis > 70% that was seen during multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) or digital subtraction angiography. The benefit of endovascular therapy was evaluated with propensity score matching. New biliary complications occurred in 17 patients (31.4%), and 23 of the 54 study patients with HAS received endovascular treatment. Among the propensity score–matched patients, the biliary stricture–free survival time was significantly longer for those who received endovascular therapy (P = 0.03). An incidental diagnosis (P = 0.07) and a time from transplantation > 6 months (P = 0.021) were associated with a reduced risk of developing biliary stricture. Patients with symptomatic HAS who received treatment had better biliary stricture–free survival than patients who were treated conservatively, although no significant difference was recorded (P = 0.11). No patient with asymptomatic HAS and normal liver function tests developed biliary strictures. In conclusion, HAS intervention was associated with improved biliary stricture–free survival. In patients with late‐onset HAS (≥6 months) and asymptomatic patients, endovascular treatment is not warranted. Liver Transpl 21:162‐168, 2015. © 2014 AASLD.
Evaluating the potential effects from probabilistic selling of similar products
Authors: Xiao Yongbo , Chen Jian
Published: November 2014

In this article, we consider an online retailer who sells two similar products (A and B) over a finite selling period. Any stock left at the end of the period has no value (like clothes going out of fashion at the end of a season). Aside from selling the products at regular prices, he may offer an additional option that sells a probabilistic good, “A or B,” at a discounted price. Whenever a customer buys a probabilistic good, he needs to assign one of the products for the fulfillment. Considering the choice behavior of potential customers, we model the problem using continuous‐time, discrete‐state, finite‐horizon dynamic programming. We study the optimal admission decisions and devise two scenarios, whose value functions can be used as benchmarks to evaluate the demand induction effect and demand dilution effect of probabilistic selling (PS). We further investigate an extension of the base MDP (Markov Decision Process) model in which the fulfillment of probabilistic sales is uncontrollable by the retailer. A special case of the extended model can be used as a benchmark to quantify the potential inventory pooling effect of PS. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the overall profit improvement, and the effects from adopting the PS strategy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 604–620, 2014
Stakeholder Performance Measurement in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Leipnitz Sigrun
Published: November 2014

According to recent findings, nonprofit organizations should address the relationships of nonprofit service quality, satisfaction, loyalty, and organizational identification when planning and evaluating donor surveys. This article presents a donor satisfaction barometer that can be used to gain insights into the strength of these key relationships and thereby establish a basis for calculated relevant indices. With such indices, nonprofit organizations can compare stakeholder performance over time and benchmark themselves against other organizations. Data from 2,599 blood donors to one section of the German Red Cross, collected through the proposed donor satisfaction barometer, show that service quality drives satisfaction, and donor satisfaction and organizational identification both exert significant positive effects on donor loyalty. Therefore, nonprofit organizations should use a combined strategic approach that improves both donor satisfaction and organizational identification to increase donor loyalty. The successful application of the donor satisfaction barometer also suggests its value for other nonprofit industries and offers important insights for managers.
Developmental Defects in the Spine: Initial Findings in Archaeological Cases from Córdoba Highlands (Argentina)
Authors: Fabra M. , Salega S.
Published: November 2014

Congenital disorders are pathologies rarely found in archaeological cases. In recent years, however, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases, and a growing interest in understanding their development and implication as genetic markers within certain collections. In the central region of Argentina, researchers have begun to focus on issues related to the health of prehispanic populations from a bioarchaeological perspective. Between 1999 and 2012 our research group recovered, by rescue archaeological activities, a total number of 62 individuals from different archaeological sites in the province of Córdoba, from which only three individuals with pathologies classified as congenital were recorded (4.83%). Radiocarbon and contextual information sets these individuals in the late Holocene (2156 ± 86 and 920 ± 20 14C years BP). Hence, this work aims at presenting two pathological conditions deriving from congenital developmental abnormalities that arise during the first three months of pregnancy: (a) Klippel–Feil syndrome (type II) which was suffered by the individuals from the sites of Guasmara and El Vado, and (b) central sagittal fissure of the vertebral body or ‘butterfly vertebra’ as in the case of one individual from La Calera. We also analyse other lesions in these skeletons that may be associated with the conditions mentioned above, and we provide a thorough interpretation from an osteobiographical perspective. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interest group dynamics in a weak and transitional state: the case of Bolivia
Authors: Biggemann Sergio , Klimovich Kristina , Thomas Clive S.
Published: November 2014

Bolivia's political development has been characterized by elitist control set in an environment of political instability and a weak decentralized state. Since the 1980s and Bolivia's transition to a limited form of democracy, this elitist control has been successfully challenged from the left and, since the early 2000s, particularly by the indigenous population. In fact, Bolivian contemporary politics and interest group activity have been shaped mainly by the rise in political power of the left and indigenous interests. This rise, given a weak state transitioning to limited democracy, has had several consequences for interest group activity that add increasing complexity to the group system. One consequence of Bolivia's course of political development is that, although it exhibits many common elements of interest group activity explained by existing group theories, aspects of its group development are not adequately accounted for by these theories. In addition, there are questions about whether the new configuration of interest groups promotes or undermines democracy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrahigh‐performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–LTQ/Orbitrap/MS/MS) Study of Phenolic Profile of Serbian Poplar Type Propolis
Authors: Ristivojević Petar , Trifković Jelena , Gašić Uroš , Andrić Filip , Nedić Nebojša , Tešić Živoslav , Milojković‐Opsenica Dušanka
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Propolis is a resinous natural substance collected by honeybees from different plant sources. Due to the presence of various phytochemicals, this bee‐product exhibits numerous biological activities, including anti‐bacterial, anti‐viral, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, immunostimulating and anti‐tumour effects. As the chemical composition and biological activity of propolis depend on its botanical and geographical origin, searching for new bioactive substances in various types of propolis from unexplored regions is of great importance.

Objective

The aim of this study is the evaluation of the phenolic profile of poplar propolis samples in order to characterise Serbian propolis, to identify possible new constituents and to specify the phenolic components relevant for differentiation of poplar propolis samples into two subgroups through simultaneous analysis of poplar bud extracts.

Methods

Ethanolic extracts of propolis and poplar buds were comprehensively analysed using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid mass spectrometry, which combines the linear trap quadrupole and Orbitrap MS/MS mass analyser together with chemometric methods.

Results

Extensive fingerprint analysis of Serbian propolis was achieved for the first time. Seventy‐five phenolic compounds were detected. Eight of them were identified in propolis for the first time. Pattern‐recognition methods applied to the content of ten quantified phenolics verified the existence of two subgroups of propolis, with galangin, chrysin and pinocembrin as the most influential distinguishing factors.

Conclusion

The phenolic composition of the analysed propolis samples confirm their affiliation to the European poplar type propolis and the existence of two subgroups according to botanical origin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chain transfer reactions in the polymerization of vinyl chloride
Authors: Lím D. , Kolínský M.
Published: November 2014

The participation of chain transfer reactions in the polymerization of vinyl chloride in solutions has been elucidated. Isopropyl chloride, 2,4‐dichloropentane, and 2,4,6‐trichloroheptane were used as solvents. The transfer constants for the solvents were determined (Ca at 50°C. for dimer and trimer equals to 5 × 10−4), which allows estimation of the value of chain transfer with polyvinyl chloride molecules in solution.
Heterogeneous catalysis of isobutylene polymerization
Authors: Wichterle O. , Marek M. , Trekoval I.
Published: November 2014

The isothermal polymerization of isobutylene in hexane has been investigated. The reaction was carried out with the use of a previously described insoluble catalyst complex. The critical ratio of TiCl4‐insoluble complex (sec.‐butylaluminum saturated with BF3) has been determined and found equal to a molar ratio of Ti/Al of 0.25. Deviation from this proportion by excess of any component does not accelerate the polymerization reaction. It follows from kinetic measurements that the rate of polymerization is first order with respect to the catalyst. The rate is expressed by the following equations: Rp = k[Ti] for Ti/Al < 0.25 and R′p = k′[Al] for Ti/Al < 0.25. The resultant polymers possess a higher coefficient of polydispersity. This indicates a rise in the temperature of the catalyst surface in the process of polymerization.
Termination in anionic polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. formation of stable complexes on active sites
Authors: Kučera M. , Jelínek M. , Láníková J. , Veselý K.
Published: November 2014

The ionic polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (the tetramer) proceeds through successive additions of tetramer on active centers. The active centers consist of the ion‐pair magnified image (where M stands for Na, K, Rb, Cs, Me4N−, Bu4P−, etc.) formed through the reaction of the hydroxide (oxide) of the respective alkali metal (or the respective ammonium or phosphonium base) with the siloxane bond. Measurement of the rate of polymerization of tetramer indicated changes in the efficiency of magnified image active centers caused by additions of small amounts of substances capable of changing the character of donor‐acceptor reactions taking place during polymerization. These acids such as H2SO4 to very strong bases, such as hydroxides of alkaline metals. The substances were added in the order of their decreasing acidity ranging from very strong influence of substances being added, as judged by their influence on the overall rate of reaction, can be seen to fall into several classes. The most acidic substances (ranging from very strong mineral acids to weak organic acids, e.g., phenol) neutralize the active centers; weak acids (H2O, ROH, etc.) act (as judged by changes of the overall rate of reaction) only through physicochemical effects in the polymerizing system (for instance through changes in the quantitative composition of the solvate shell of ions and ion‐pairs and through changes of the dielectric constant). Very strong bases, as strong as, or stronger than, KOH increase the number of active centers. The most interesting effects are displayed on addition of relatively strong bases of the type of LiOH and NaOH. They cause a strong reduction of the efficiency of active centers, a deceleration of the polymerization and even its complete inhibition, in the whole range of dielectric constante of the polymerizing medium investigated by the authors (viz., in the range of dielectric constants from 3.4 to 8.7). This phenomenon of deceleration and even stopping of polymerization on addition of relatively strong bases to a basic active center has been called the “isobasic termination.” Similar effects were observed also in the case of the cationic polymerization of the tetramer, viz. a slowing‐down or even stopping of the H2SO4−induced polymerization on addition of weaker acids. The mechanism of “isobasic termination” is discussed.
Efficient synthesis of polypeptide‐α‐thioester by the method combining polypeptide expression and chemical activation for the semi‐synthesis of interferon‐γ having oligosaccharides
Authors: Kajihara Yasuhiro , Kanemitsu Yurie , Nishihara Mika , Okamoto Ryo , Izumi Masayuki
Published: November 2014

In order to synthesize interferon‐γ glycoform having an oligosaccharide at the 97 position by a semi‐synthetic method, interferon‐γ‐polypeptide‐(1–94)‐α‐hydrazide was prepared by the specific Cys‐cyanylation of polypeptide‐(1–94)‐Cys‐His6 expressed from E. coli and subsequent hydrazinolysis in 22% yield (two steps). This polypeptide‐α‐hydrazide was then converted into corresponding polypeptide‐α‐thioester under NaNO2/acid conditions followed by thiolysis in 83% yield. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Abrogate Plasmablast Formation and Induce Regulatory B Cells Independently of T Helper Cells
Authors: Franquesa M. , Mensah F. K. , Huizinga R. , Strini T. , Boon L. , Lombardo E. , DelaRosa O. , Laman J. D. , Grinyó J. M. , Weimar W. , Betjes M. G. H. , Baan C. C. , Hoogduijn M. J.
Published: November 2014

Mesenchymal or stromal stem cells (MSC) interact with cells of the immune system in multiple ways. Modulation of the immune system by MSC is believed to be a therapeutic option for autoimmune disease and transplant rejection. In recent years, B cells have moved into the focus of the attention as targets for the treatment of immune disorders. Current B-cell targeting treatment is based on the indiscriminate depletion of B cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether human adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC) interact with B cells to affect their proliferation, differentiation, and immune function. ASC supported the survival of quiescent B cells predominantly via contact-dependent mechanisms. Coculture of B cells with activated T helper cells led to proliferation and differentiation of B cells into CD19+CD27highCD38high antibody-producing plasmablasts. ASC inhibited the proliferation of B cells and this effect was dependent on the presence of T cells. In contrast, ASC directly targeted B-cell differentiation, independently of T cells. In the presence of ASC, plasmablast formation was reduced and IL-10-producing CD19+CD24highCD38high B cells, known as regulatory B cells, were induced. These results demonstrate that ASC affect B cell biology in vitro, suggesting that they can be a tool for the modulation of the B-cell response in immune disease. Stem Cells  2015;33:880–891
Metal‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Useful Synthetic Tools for the Preparation of Polycyclic Arenes
Authors: Feng Chieh‐Ning , Hsieh Ya‐Chu , Wu Yao‐Ting
Published: November 2014

This account summarizes our recent efforts to synthesize numerous important and interesting polycyclic arenes under mild conditions using metal‐catalyzed protocols. The palladium‐catalyzed annulations of 2‐iodobiphenyls or 2,2′‐diiodobiphenyls with alkynes efficiently generated phenanthrene derivatives. This synthetic method was utilized as the key step when preparing phenanthrene‐based alkaloids, tetrabenzopyracylenes and persubstituted [8]circulenes. Depending on whether a palladium or nickel catalytic system was used, 1‐ethynyl‐8‐iodonaphthalenes underwent either a cyclodimerization or a nitrile‐incorporated cascade reaction to produce zethrenes or pyrroloarenes, respectively. Methylene‐bridged polyarenes are generated easily from 2‐halo‐2′‐methylbiaryls through benzylicC–Hbond activation and subsequent carbon–carbon bond formation, and palladium complexes promote the arylation of methylene carbons. The palladium‐catalyzed annulations of 1,8‐bis(arylethynyl)naphthalene derivatives witho‐diiodoarenes yielded benzo[k]fluoranthene‐based linear acenes, which can be applied to synthesize highly curved fragments of fullerenes. The self‐reactions of diarylethynes formed either dihydrocyclopenta[a]indenes or octaaryl‐1,3,5,7‐octatetraenes through palladium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization or nickel‐catalyzed tetramerization, respectively. In the presence of palladium catalysts, the hydroalkynylation of terminal arylalkynes directly generated angular trimerization adduct dienynes.
The rheological and tribological properties of calcium sulfonate complex greases
Authors: Wang Zeyun , Xia Yanqiu , Liu Zhilu
Published: November 2014

In this study, we synthesized two types of calcium sulfonate complex greases (barium soap and calcium soap) and investigated their physical, rheological, and tribological properties in detail. The test results showed that the evolution of their linear viscoelasticity functions with frequency were quite similar to those of traditional lubricating greases. Moreover, these two calcium sulfonate complex greases had good friction-reducing and antiwear properties at room temperature and at 150 °C. In addition, by adding an organic molybdenum compound (MoDTC) to the base greases, we obtained a very low friction coefficient (0.065) for one of the greases (calcium soap) at 400 N and 500 N (maximum Hertzian pressures of 3.47 GPa and 3.74 GPa, respectively) at 150 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that the tribofilm was composed of some complex oxide species and CaCO3 that had formed on the worn surface.
Noncontrast computed tomography can predict the outcome of shockwave lithotripsy via accurate stone measurement and abdominal fat distribution determination
Authors: Geng Jiun‐Hung , Tu Hung‐Pin , Shih Paul Ming‐Chen , Shen Jung‐Tsung , Jang Mei‐Yu , Wu Wen‐Jen , Li Ching‐Chia , Chou Yii‐Her , Juan Yung‐Shun
Published: November 2014

Urolithiasis is a common disease of the urinary system. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) has become one of the standard treatments for renal and ureteral stones; however, the success rates range widely and failure of stone disintegration may cause additional outlay, alternative procedures, and even complications. We used the data available from noncontrast abdominal computed tomography (NCCT) to evaluate the impact of stone parameters and abdominal fat distribution on calculus‐free rates following SWL. We retrospectively reviewed 328 patients who had urinary stones and had undergone SWL from August 2012 to August 2013. All of them received pre‐SWL NCCT; 1 month after SWL, radiography was arranged to evaluate the condition of the fragments. These patients were classified into stone‐free group and residual stone group. Unenhanced computed tomography variables, including stone attenuation, abdominal fat area, and skin‐to‐stone distance (SSD) were analyzed. In all, 197 (60%) were classified as stone‐free and 132 (40%) as having residual stone. The mean ages were 49.35 ± 13.22 years and 55.32 ± 13.52 years, respectively. On univariate analysis, age, stone size, stone surface area, stone attenuation, SSD, total fat area (TFA), abdominal circumference, serum creatinine, and the severity of hydronephrosis revealed statistical significance between these two groups. From multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent parameters impacting SWL outcomes were stone size, stone attenuation, TFA, and serum creatinine. [Adjusted odds ratios and (95% confidence intervals): 9.49 (3.72–24.20), 2.25 (1.22–4.14), 2.20 (1.10–4.40), and 2.89 (1.35–6.21) respectively, all p < 0.05]. In the present study, stone size, stone attenuation, TFA and serum creatinine were four independent predictors for stone‐free rates after SWL. These findings suggest that pretreatment NCCT may predict the outcomes after SWL. Consequently, we can use these predictors for selecting the optimal treatment for patients with urinary stones.
The Journey from Chester to London
Authors: Pennant Thomas
Published: November 2014

In this 1782 travelogue, naturalist Thomas Pennant (1726–98) immortalised the local history, churches, homes and antiquities he encountered on his yearly trip to London. In The Literary Life of the Late Thomas Pennant, Esq. (1793), also reissued in this series, Pennant writes that he often stayed several days or more in each village to learn about its history. He hoped to rid the route of the 'calumny' of 'dulness', and although he was more interested in antiquities than contemporary innovations, he describes the impact of some developments such as a new canal system. In addition to describing places and artefacts which have since been altered or lost, Pennant's writing unconsciously reveals the workings of his thorough mind, with its seemingly tireless capacity for observation. Featuring twenty-two engravings, this book contains a full account of Pennant's 1780 journey, as well as the description of an alternative route beginning in Northamptonshire.
Amurath to Amurath
Authors: Bell Gertrude
Published: November 2014

Traveller, archaeologist, mountaineer and diplomat, Gertrude Bell (1868–1926) poured her extraordinary talents into a series of adventures through Europe and the Middle East. Addressing her experiences in Persia and Syria respectively, Safar Nameh (1894) and The Desert and the Sown (1907) are both reissued in this series. The present work, first published in 1911 and among Bell's most acclaimed, describes her recent expedition to Mesopotamia. She recounts her outward journey to the Abbasid palace of Ukhaidir and her return via Baghdad and Asia Minor. Notably discussing changes in the region after the rise of the Young Turks, including their easing of restrictions throughout the declining Ottoman Empire, Bell also saw this book as 'the attempt to record the daily life, the speech of those who had inherited the empty ground where empires had risen and expired'. Replete with photographs, it vividly opens up Middle Eastern history and archaeology.
Collective Violence and the Agrarian Origins of South African Apartheid, 1900–1948
Authors: Higginson John
Published: November 2014

This book examines the dark odyssey of official and private collective violence against the rural African population and Africans in general during the two generations before apartheid became the primary justification for the existence of the South African state. John Higginson discusses how Africans fought back against the entire spectrum of violence ranged against them, demonstrating just how contingent apartheid was on the struggle to hijack the future of the African majority.
The Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds
Authors: Reynolds Joshua , Malone Edmond
Published: November 2014

This two-volume posthumous edition of the writings on art of Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–92), one of the greatest of eighteenth-century artists and the first president of the Royal Academy, was published in 1797. Volume 2 contains his previously unpublished Journey to Flanders and Holland, which describes and comments on the paintings Reynolds examined on a two-month tour in Europe in 1781. (He visited galleries in Düsseldorf, Cologne and Aachen as well as the Low Counties.) This is followed by a long Latin poem on the art of painting, by the French artist Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy (1611–68), together with a translation by William Mason, and extensive commentary by Reynolds. Appendices include essays by Pope and Dryden on du Fresnoy's poem, and chronological and alphabetical lists of painters and their genres from Cimabue to the late seventeenth century. The book is completed by an index covering both volumes.
A Voyage towards the North Pole
Authors: Phipps Constantine John
Published: November 2014

A friend of Sir Joseph Banks, and with scientific interests of his own, the naval officer Constantine John Phipps (1744–92) was appointed by the Admiralty in 1773 to command an Arctic expedition in search of a passage to the Pacific. Among the crew was a young Horatio Nelson and a freed slave, Olaudah Equiano, who became the first African to visit the Arctic. Although unsuccessful in its primary aim, the voyage is noteworthy for Phipps' description of the polar bear as a distinct species, and for being a naval voyage on which research was deemed as crucial as exploration. Following the publication of this account in 1774, the Gentleman's Magazine commented that 'there has not appeared a voyage in any language so replete with nautical information, nor in which the mariner and philosopher can find such liberal entertainment'. Illustrated throughout, the work includes a substantial appendix containing the scientific data.
Memoirs of the Life of David Garrick, Esq.
Authors: Davies Thomas
Published: November 2014

The most influential actor of his age, David Garrick (1717–79) shaped the London stage for over three decades as theatre manager at Drury Lane. He popularised a more natural style of acting, and did much to make Shakespeare the most revered English playwright. First published in 1780 and reissued here in the second edition of that year, this two-volume biography was written by Thomas Davies (c.1712–85). Samuel Johnson, a friend of the Garrick family, notably provided Davies with anecdotes and information on Garrick's early life. The work does not dwell on gossip or private life; it offers instead an informed portrait of the stage in Garrick's time. Davies had inhabited this world as a much less successful actor himself, before becoming a bookseller. His work is therefore a direct and valuable witness to theatrical London in the eighteenth century. The first volume covers the years 1717–63.
Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857
Authors: Hind Henry Youle
Published: November 2014

Born in Nottingham, Henry Youle Hind (1823–1908) moved to Canada in 1846. He joined the newly formed Canadian Institute in 1849 and later taught chemistry and geology at Trinity College in Toronto. In 1857–8, he made a range of observations during two expeditions to investigate underexplored areas of Canada and their agricultural and mineral potential to support future settlement. Illustrated with a number of plates based on photographs, this two-volume work first appeared in 1860. Intended for a broad readership, the narrative is regarded as a classic of nineteenth-century exploration literature, noted especially for its descriptive use of language and eye for detail. Volume 2 contains the concluding chapters on the 1858 expedition through parts of the Assiniboine, Saskatchewan and other valleys. Following the expedition narrative, Hind considers the lives and culture of the region's indigenous people before closing the volume with geological and climatic observations.
Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo
Authors: Rink Hinrich
Published: November 2014

The Danish geologist and geographer Hinrich Rink (1819–93) amassed decades of experience in exploring Greenland, becoming well versed in the language and customs of the Inuit. The present work is a condensed version of his investigations into indigenous culture, first published in two volumes in 1866 and 1871. Rink revised and translated the work from Danish into English for this 1875 publication, and the text was emended by the Scottish scientist and explorer Robert Brown (1842–95). In the book's first part, Rink describes succinctly the Inuit mode of life in Greenland. The second part, which is significantly longer, recounts the legends and folk tales that Rink had recorded on his travels. The book also includes a number of illustrations drawn and engraved by the Inuit people themselves. This work will appeal to those interested in the history of Inuit culture and nineteenth-century ethnography.
History of the Manchester Ship Canal from its Inception to its Completion
Authors: Leech Bosdin
Published: November 2014

By the late nineteenth century, charges imposed on Manchester companies for the use of Liverpool's docks and the connecting railway had created an atmosphere of resentment within the business community. The Manchester Ship Canal was to play a major part in the city's regeneration following the depression of the 1870s, but it took a lengthy battle for the scheme to gain the backing of Parliament and for construction to begin in 1887. In this two-volume work of 1907, Sir Bosdin Leech (1836–1912) traces the canal's conception, planning and construction. Volume 1 discusses the historical and economic factors that led to the creation of the waterway, as well as the bitter political fight to make it a reality. The work includes a large amount of illustrative content, enhancing the light shed on the landscape and notable personalities of Manchester at that time.
Through Siberia
Authors: Lansdell Henry
Published: November 2014

The Church of England clergyman Henry Lansdell (1841–1919) was an energetic traveller, both during his own leisure time and on behalf of the Irish Church Missions. He made many visits to Russia and central Asia, distributing bibles and tracts in the native languages of the many peoples he encountered, and focusing his attention especially on hospitals and prisons. He published this two-volume account in 1882, and it proved extremely popular (this second edition being prepared before the first was published), but it attracted some criticism for its favourable treatment of the Russian government. The anarchist Prince Peter Kropotkin was especially indignant at the accounts of Russian prisons: he alleged that Lansdell was either a dupe of propaganda or was deliberately distorting what he had seen. Volume 1 describes Lansdell's motives for making the journey, his travels across Russia, and his experience of the prison and exile systems of Siberia.
Through Siberia
Authors: Lansdell Henry
Published: November 2014

The Church of England clergyman Henry Lansdell (1841–1919) was an energetic traveller, both during his own leisure time and on behalf of the Irish Church Missions. He made many visits to Russia and central Asia, distributing bibles and tracts in the native languages of the many peoples he encountered, and focusing his attention especially on hospitals and prisons. He published this two-volume account in 1882, and it proved extremely popular (this second edition being prepared before the first was published), but attracted some criticism for its favourable treatment of the Russian government. The anarchist Prince Peter Kropotkin was especially indignant at the accounts of Russian prisons: he alleged that Lansdell was either a dupe of propaganda or was deliberately distorting what he had seen. Volume 2 continues Lansdell's account of his travels, both to prison colonies and mines, and among the native peoples of the Russian Far East.
The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation
Authors: Hakluyt Richard
Published: November 2014

Richard Hakluyt (1552?–1616) was fascinated from his earliest years by stories of strange lands and voyages of exploration. A priest by profession, he was also an indefatigable editor and translator of geographical accounts, and a propagandist for English expeditions to claim new lands, especially in the Americas. His most famous work was first published in 1589, and expanded in 1598–1600: reissued here is the twelve-volume edition prepared by the Scottish firm of James MacLehose and Sons and first published between 1903 and 1905, which included introductory essays and notes. Hakluyt's subjects range from transcriptions of personal accounts and 'ruttiers' (descriptive charts of voyages) to patriotic attacks against rival nations (especially Spain). Volume 2 contains accounts of voyages to the north and north-east, including historical information about Prussia and the Hanseatic towns, and their trade and diplomatic relations with England, in the late medieval period.
The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation
Authors: Hakluyt Richard
Published: November 2014

Richard Hakluyt (1552?–1616) was fascinated from his earliest years by stories of strange lands and voyages of exploration. A priest by profession, he was also an indefatigable editor and translator of geographical accounts, and a propagandist for English expeditions to claim new lands, especially in the Americas. His most famous work was first published in 1589, and expanded in 1598–1600: reissued here is the twelve-volume edition prepared by the Scottish firm of James MacLehose and Sons and first published between 1903 and 1905, which included introductory essays and notes. Hakluyt's subjects range from transcriptions of personal accounts and 'ruttiers' (descriptive charts of voyages) to patriotic attacks against rival nations (especially Spain). Volume 5 contains accounts of voyages to the Mediterranean and the Levant, including a history of the great siege of Rhodes in 1522 by the troops of Suleiman the Magnificent.
The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation
Authors: Hakluyt Richard
Published: November 2014

Richard Hakluyt (1552?–1616) was fascinated from his earliest years by stories of strange lands and voyages of exploration. A priest by profession, he was also an indefatigable editor and translator of geographical accounts, and a propagandist for English expeditions to claim new lands, especially in the Americas. His most famous work was first published in 1589, and expanded in 1598–1600: reissued here is the twelve-volume edition prepared by the Scottish firm of James MacLehose and Sons and first published between 1903 and 1905, which included introductory essays and notes. Hakluyt's subjects range from transcriptions of personal accounts and 'ruttiers' (descriptive charts of voyages) to patriotic attacks against rival nations (especially Spain). Volume 6 contains voyages made 'to the South and South-east quarters', including Syria, India, Japan and the East Indies.
The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation
Authors: Hakluyt Richard
Published: November 2014

Richard Hakluyt (1552?–1616) was fascinated from his earliest years by stories of strange lands and voyages of exploration. A priest by profession, he was also an indefatigable editor and translator of geographical accounts, and a propagandist for English expeditions to claim new lands, especially in the Americas. His most famous work was first published in 1589, and expanded in 1598–1600: reissued here is the twelve-volume edition prepared by the Scottish firm of James MacLehose and Sons and first published between 1903 and 1905, which included introductory essays and notes. Hakluyt's subjects range from transcriptions of personal accounts and 'ruttiers' (descriptive charts of voyages) to patriotic attacks against rival nations (especially Spain). Volume 9 contains voyages to Florida, Mexico and California, and includes an account of the 'strange crook-backed oxen, the great sheepe, and the mighty dogs of Quivira'.
The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation
Authors: Hakluyt Richard
Published: November 2014

Richard Hakluyt (1552?–1616) was fascinated from his earliest years by stories of strange lands and voyages of exploration. A priest by profession, he was also an indefatigable editor and translator of geographical accounts, and a propagandist for English expeditions to claim new lands, especially in the Americas. His most famous work was first published in 1589, and expanded in 1598–1600: reissued here is the twelve-volume edition prepared by the Scottish firm of James MacLehose and Sons and first published between 1903 and 1905, which included introductory essays and notes. Hakluyt's subjects range from transcriptions of personal accounts and 'ruttiers' (descriptive charts of voyages) to patriotic attacks against rival nations (especially Spain). Volume 11 contains accounts of Brazil, the Straits of Magellan, the South Seas, and circumnavigations, and includes a letter written by Queen Elizabeth to the emperor of China.
My Life as an Explorer
Authors: Amundsen Roald
Published: November 2014

Prior to his disappearance in the Arctic during an airborne rescue mission, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen (1872–1928) had reflected in writing on his extraordinary career. First published in 1927 and reissued here in the English translation of that year, his autobiography discusses in straightforward style the numerous difficulties of his many expeditions, ranging from problems of finance and planning through to dealing with life-threatening danger and inevitable controversy. Generously acknowledging an 'old gentleman in Grimsby' for providing materials that helped him plan the first navigation of the North-West Passage, Amundsen credits painstaking preparation as the cornerstone of his success, especially in the conquest of the South Pole. His fuller accounts of these two expeditions are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection. Frank and focused like its author, the present work will reveal to readers the outlook and approach of a remarkable figure in the history of polar exploration.
Journal of a Voyage in Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits in the Years 1850–1851
Authors: Sutherland Peter Cormack
Published: November 2014

In the mid-nineteenth century, British Arctic exploration was focused on the search for the missing expedition of Sir John Franklin. Physician and geologist Peter Cormack Sutherland (1822–1900) served as surgeon on William Penny's 1850–1 search expedition, which was instructed to concentrate on Jones Sound, Wellington Channel and Barrow Strait in the Canadian Arctic. Sutherland's illustrated eyewitness account, first published in two volumes in 1852, tells of appalling weather conditions, notes the hazards of navigating icy seas, describes the wildlife and geology of the region, and offers observations on the Inuit. Sutherland also recounts the poignant discovery of Franklin's winter quarters at Beechey Island and the graves of several of his crew. Franklin's fate, however, was yet to be discovered. Volume 2 contains insightful details relating to sledging journeys and crew diet. The volume concludes with the return voyage to Britain.
British Naval Supremacy and Anglo-American Antagonisms, 1914–1930
Authors: Lisio Donald J.
Published: November 2014

During World War I, Britain's naval supremacy enabled it to impose economic blockades and interdiction of American neutral shipping. The United States responded by building 'a navy second to none', one so powerful that Great Britain could not again successfully challenge America's vital economic interests. This book reveals that when the United States offered to substitute naval equality for its emerging naval supremacy, the British, nonetheless, used the resulting two major international arms-control conferences of the 1920s to ensure its continued naval dominance.
A Glossary of Terms Used in Grecian, Roman, Italian, and Gothic Architecture
Authors: Parker John Henry
Published: November 2014

The Oxford bookseller and publisher John Henry Parker (1806–84), a supporter of the Tractarian movement and a friend of Cardinal Newman, was also a historian of architecture, and first published this glossary in 1836. Reissued here is the enlarged third edition of 1840. The work is ordered alphabetically, and illustrated with 700 woodcuts by various artists. As stated in the first edition's preface, the book 'lays no claim to originality, its sole object being utility'. By 1837, 'the rapid sale of the first edition of this work clearly shews that something of the kind was required'. The third edition was followed in 1841 by a companion volume which contained 400 further examples and a chronological table: the two books offered a useful guide for those travellers and others who were taking a keen interest in the built environment. The first volume contains explanations of terms from 'abacus' to 'zotheca' and 105 plates with notes.
Journals and Correspondence of Lady Eastlake
Authors: Eastlake Elizabeth
Published: November 2014

Later known as Lady Eastlake, the writer Elizabeth Rigby (1809–93) travelled widely in her early years, and subsequently moved in the highest literary and artistic circles. After an illness in 1827 she was taken abroad to recover, and her encounters with European art led to her writing career. In 1849, she married the painter Charles Eastlake, who became the director of the National Gallery and president of the Royal Academy. Continuing to write, especially for the Quarterly Magazine, on literature and art, she spent part of each year touring galleries and private collections across Europe. This engaging two-volume work of 1895, edited by her nephew and full of shrewd judgements on art and on people, is compiled from her journals and letters. Volume 1 describes Eastlake's early life: the extracts from her journals end in 1854 with her impressions of the reopening of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham.
In Darkest England and the Way Out
Authors: Booth William
Published: November 2014

This classic work in the literature of poverty was published in 1890 by William Booth (1829–1912), the founder of the Salvation Army. It was in fact mostly written by the crusading journalist W. T. Stead (referred to as an anonymous 'friend of the poor' in Booth's preface), but the practical ideas for relieving the poverty and squalor of late Victorian British cities are all Booth's own. Reworking the cliché of 'Darkest Africa', in the first part he describes the 'submerged tenth' of Darkest England - destitute and/or criminal - and goes on to suggest the way to 'Deliverance', which includes better housing, education and training for work, and the sending of the urban poor to 'colonies', both overseas and in the British countryside. These proposals had their critics, but drew wide attention to an appalling aspect of urban life of which the prosperous classes were barely aware.
The Life and Correspondence of Henry Salt, Esq.
Authors: Halls John James
Published: November 2014

The traveller and antiquary Henry Salt (1780–1827) hoped to become a portrait painter, but recognised his own limitations, and instead entered the employment of Viscount Valentia, embarking with him on an eastern tour in 1802. In 1805, Valentia sent him on a mission to improve relations with the rulers of Abyssinia. After a second expedition, this time on behalf of the British government, in which he made observations and collections of the local flora and fauna, he was appointed consul-general to Egypt, and in his spare time carried out excavations at Thebes and Abu Simbel. This two-volume work was published in 1834 by Salt's close friend, the painter J. J. Halls (1776–1853). Volume 1 tells the story of Salt's early life and his career up to the famous removal of the colossal statue of Ramesses II ('Ozymandias') from Thebes to the British Museum in 1816.
Maimonides and the Shaping of the Jewish Canon
Authors: Diamond James A.
Published: November 2014

Jewish thought since the Middle Ages can be regarded as a sustained dialogue with Moses Maimonides, regardless of the different social, cultural, and intellectual environments in which it was conducted. Much of Jewish intellectual history can be viewed as a series of engagements with him, fueled by the kind of 'Jewish' rabbinic and esoteric writing Maimonides practiced. This book examines a wide range of theologians, philosophers, and exegetes who share a passionate engagement with Maimonides, assaulting, adopting, subverting, or adapting his philosophical and jurisprudential thought. This ongoing enterprise is critical to any appreciation of the broader scope of Jewish law, philosophy, biblical interpretation, and Kabbalah. Maimonides's legal, philosophical, and exegetical corpus became canonical in the sense that many subsequent Jewish thinkers were compelled to struggle with it in order to advance their own thought. As such, Maimonides joins fundamental Jewish canon alongside the Bible, the Talmud, and the Zohar.