bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative interest rates as a monetary policy tool
Authors: Artemenko D.A. , Bychkova I.I.
Published: August 2020

Subject. We consider the application of negative interest rates by central banks of various countries, as a monetary policy tool.
Objectives. We focus on reviewing the historical retrospect, potential risks, as well as positive and negative aspects of using negative interest rate instruments by developed countries.
Methods. The study rests on the logical, systems, functional, and situational analysis, methods of grouping, and the monographic survey.
Results. The use of negative interest rates as a monetary policy tool by financial regulators in various countries is a least-evil solution, which is aimed at improving the economy after the global economic crisis of 2008–2010. At present, positive and negative factors of the tools' impact on the financial sphere have been identified. In particular, the advantage is a balance between inflation and deflation, as the latter leads to a reduction in aggregate demand, an increase in unemployment, a fall in asset prices, and a slowdown in economic growth. The banking sector bears the risks of negative margin from operations involving fund-raising. The use of negative interest rates is possible, if other measures aimed at boosting economic growth are applied simultaneously.
Conclusions. The findings can be used to investigate the negative interest rate instrument and evaluate its effectiveness. They can be helpful for financial market specialists.
Identifying the center of innovation industrial clusters to provide the federal district's evolution foresight
Authors: Yashin S.N. , Trifonov Yu.V. , Koshelev E.V.
Published: August 2020

Subject. This article deals with the issues of placing and locating the information and logistics center of the Federal District's clusters.
Objectives. The article aims to create a technology to identify the center of innovative industrial clusters, which would ensure their effective economic, financial, information, and logistics cooperation.
Methods. To solve the problem of location of the information and logistics center of clusters in order to anticipate the evolution of the Federal District, we used simulation modeling algorithms, genetic algorithm, and the simulated annealing and pattern search methods.
Results. These methods have been tested for the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District of the Russian Federation. As a result of analysis, modeling and calculations, it turns out that the information and logistics center of the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District should be the City of Kazan, the Republic of Tatarstan.
Conclusions and Relevance. The deployment of the information and logistics center for the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District in Kazan can significantly reduce the transaction costs associated with the regulation of information and transportation flows within the Federal District under study. This will reduce the financial costs in the District and increase the synergistic effect of a large innovation system uniting innovation and industrial clusters in a large area of the entire Federal District. The additional synergies will help the governmental structures and their experts conduct a better policy of economic and financial foresight of the evolution of the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District.
Maximal Ideal Graph of Commutative Rings
Authors: Abdulqadr F. H.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we introduce and study the notion of the maximal ideal graph of a commutative ring with identity. Let R be a commutative ring with identity. The maximal ideal graph of R, denoted by MG(R), is the undirected graph with vertex set, the set of non-trivial ideals of R, where two vertices I1 and I2 are adjacent if I1 I2 and I1+I2 is a maximal ideal of R. We explore some of the properties and characterizations of the graph.
ON Numerical Blow-Up Solutions of Semilinear Heat Equations
Authors: Rasheed Maan A. , Hameed Raad A. , Obeid Sameer K. , Jameel Ali F.
Published: August 2020

This paper is concerned with the numerical blow-up solutions of semi-linear heat equations, where the nonlinear terms are of power type functions, with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. We use explicit linear and implicit Euler finite difference schemes with a special time-steps formula to compute the blow-up solutions, and to estimate the blow-up times for three numerical experiments. Moreover, we calculate the error bounds and the numerical order of convergence arise from using these methods. Finally, we carry out the numerical simulations to the discrete graphs obtained from using these methods to support the numerical results and to confirm some known blow-up properties for the studied problems.
The Local Bifurcation of an Eco-Epidemiological Model in the Presence of Stage- Structured with Refuge
Authors: Kafi Entsar Matlop , Majeed Azhar A.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we establish the conditions of the occurrence of the local bifurcations, such as saddle node, transcritical and pitchfork, of all equilibrium points of an eco-epidemiological model consisting of a prey-predator model with SI (susceptible-infected) epidemic diseases in prey population only and a refuge-stage structure in the predators. It is observed that there is a transcritical bifurcation near the axial and free predator equilibrium points, near disease-free equilibrium point is a saddle-node bifurcation and near positive (coexistence) equilibrium point is a saddle-node bifurcation, a transcritical bifurcation and a pitchfork bifurcation. Further investigations for Hopf bifurcation near coexistence equilibrium point are carried out. Finally, numerical simulations are used to illustrate the occurrence of the local bifurcations of this model.
Image Retrieval Using Data Mining Technique
Authors: Abdul-Samad Sarmad T. , Kamal Sawsan
Published: August 2020

Even though image retrieval is considered as one of the most important research areas in the last two decades, there is still room for improvement since it is still not satisfying for many users. Two of the major problems which need to be improved are the accuracy and the speed of the image retrieval system, in order to achieve user satisfaction and also to make the image retrieval system suitable for all platforms. In this work, the proposed retrieval system uses features with spatial information to analyze the visual content of the image. Then, the feature extraction process is followed by applying the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm to reduce the search space and speed up the retrieval process. The experimental results show that using the spatial features increases the system accuracy and that the clustering algorithm speeds up the image retrieval process. This shows that the proposed system works with texture and non-texture images.
دور التخطيط الاستراتيجي للتسويق في تعزيز الأداء التسويقي/دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عينة من الموظفين في عدد من مصارف مدينة دهوك
Authors: Nori Aveen S.
Published: August 2020

يهدف البحث الى دراسة التخطـيط الاستراتيجي للتسويق ودوره في تحقـيق الاداء التسويقي في عدد من المنظمات المصرفية بمدينة دهوك ، وتم وضع مخطط فرضي يأخذ في الاعتبـار اتجاه العـلاقة بـين المتغيرين، وتحقيقا لهدف البحـث واكمال متطلباته باشرت الباحثة بأعداد اطار نظري بالاستفادة من ادبيات الموضوع ، واعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ، وتم استخدام الاستبانة لاستطلاع اراء عينة البحث ، والمكونة من الموظفين والـذين بـلغ عددهم ( 50 ) موظفاً، وباستخدام بعض الإساليب الاحصـائية تم تحـليل النتائج واختبار الفرضيات ، تمثلت أهم الاستنتاجات بأهتمام المنظمات المصرفية بالتخطيط الاستراتيجي للتسويق ، والأداء التسويقي، وتـوصل البحث الى مجموعة من المقترحات من أهمها ضرورة تعزيز الاهتمام بالمتغيرات المستقلة لكـونها تؤدي الى تحقيق المتغير المعتمد.
الآثار الاقتصادية لبعض متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي على البطالة في العراق للفترة (2003-2017): دراسة قياسية
Authors: Haji Awaz M. S. , Akrawee Zaki M.
Published: August 2020

اصبح تأثير المتغيرات الاقتصادية على معدلات البطالة محل اهتمام الاقتصاديين، الماليين، الاكاديميين وصانعي القرارات في الوقت الحالي، وتم بحث هذا الموضوع بكثرة في السنوات الاخيرة ولكن نتائجها كانت مختلفة وغير واضحة، ولذلك فان الهدف الأساسي من هذه الدراسة هو تحليل تأثير المتغيرات الاقتصادية الكلية عرض النقد، الانفاق، الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر، سعر النفط، الناتج المحلي الاجمالي، معدل التضخم على معدلات البطالة في العراق للفترة (2003-2017) باستخدام التحليل الاحصائي والقياسي كاختبار جذر الوحدة واختبار التكامل المشترك. والنتائج أظهرت بوجود علاقة توازنية طويلة الاجل بين متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي الستة ومعدلات البطالة خلال فترة الدراسة، بينما وحسب نتائج اختبار كرانجر للعلاقة السببية فان معدل البطالة يقود الناتج المحلي الاجمالي ومعدل التضخم في العراق وعدم معنوية العلاقة لبقية المتغيرات، والدراسة اقترحت بتوفير بيئة أمنية وسياسية مستقرة من أجل تحقيق معدل نمو اقتصادي يتناسب ويتوافق مع الزيادة الحاصلة في النمو السكاني من أجل تحقيق انخفاض في معدلات البطالة.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Enkapsulat Katalis Nikel (II) pada Silika Mesopori Modifikasi
Authors: Admi Admi , Ramadhani Fitria , Syukri Syukri
Published: August 2020

Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 was synthesized for heterogeneous catalyst. The boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica BF3/MCM-41 was studied to investigate its ability as supporting agent in heterogeneous catalysis system. For this purpose, the structural directing agent remaining in as-synthesis MCM-41 removed by solvent extraction. Surface modification of mesoporous silica MCM-41 with aniline and boron trifluoride was carried out. Then, the surface of boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica was subjected to an encapsulation with Ni(II) ions. These solid materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In the FTIR spectra of the modified silica mesoporous, the presence of vibration band >Si-O-B confirm the success of modification of support. While, the shifting of the vibration band >Si-O-Si< is considered an indication of the proof of Ni(II) species onto the modified mesoporous silica. From the SEM photograph, it can be seen that the morphology of the Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 tend to form aggregates of smaller particles. Based on measurement of metal content by AAS, it was known that the value of metal loading is 33%. While for the leaching test, Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 lost only 0.014 % of Ni metal. It indicates the stability of the interaction between the N(II) and support of the modified mesoporous silica.
Sintesis Codoped-Sr2TiO4 Fasa Ruddlesden-Popper dengan Metoda Lelehan Garam dan Sifat Hantaran Listriknya
Authors: Mulia Elan , Sabrina Ayu , Aprianti Dila Kartika , Andriani Nova , Zulhadjri Zulhadjri , Putri Yulia Eka
Published: August 2020

In this research, undoped-Sr2TiO4 and codoped-Sr2TiO4 Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase compounds have been synthesized with mole variations of Sr:Ti and dopants. Double substitution with Sm3+ for Sr2+ sites and Nb5+ for Ti4+ sites forming Sr2-xSmxTi1-yNbyO4 (x = 0.0125; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1 and y = 0.0125) aimed to increase the number of electrons carrier, so that the electrical conductivity enhanced. The XRD patterns showed that the highest purity of prepared Sr2TiO4 RP phase sample was obtained at the mole ratio of Sr:Ti of 2:1 with specific peaks at 2Î¸: 31.35Â°, 46.73Â°, and 57.33Â°. Then, this mole ratio was used to prepare the codoped-samples, and the XRD patterns showed the Sr1.95Sm0.05Ti0.9875Nb0.0125O4 sample has the highest purity. SEM images showed that the undoped-Sr2TiO4 and codoped-Sr2TiO4 samples have a plate-like particles with micrometer size. The electrical conductivity of Sr1.95Sm0.05Ti0.9875Nb0.0125O4 sample was measured to be a 17-fold increase compared to that of undoped-Sr2TiO4 sample.Â
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Ulkus Diabetikum di Instalasi Rawat Inap (IRNA) Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Authors: Sari Yelly Oktavia , Almasdy Dedy , Fatimah Anggun
Published: August 2020

Penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi terjadinya resistensi, tingkat keparahan penyakit, biaya pengobatan dan lama waktu perawatan bagi penderita infeksi ulkus diabetikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran karakteristik demografi dan klinis pasien ulkus diabetikum di Instalasi Rawat Inap (IRNA) Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang, pola penggunaan antibiotik, ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik dan hubungannya terhadap clinical outcome dan rasionalitas antibiotik. Penelitian dilakukan secara prospektif. Sebanyak 28 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Karakteristik demografi menunjukkan mayoritas pasien adalah perempuan (60-72 %), umur 45-60 tahun (46,44 %). Karakteristik klinis pasien menunjukkan mayoritas pasien dengan lama rawatan 3-7 hari (53,57 %), riwayat tukak 1-3 bulan (60,72 %), infeksi berat (71,43 %), clinical outcome membaik (71,43 %). Pola penggunaan antibiotik tunggal terbanyak adalah Seftriakson (13 %), Metronidazol (13%) dan kombinasi antibiotik Seftriakson + Metronidazol (26,1 %). Penilaian rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik adalah tepat indikasi (100 %), tepat pasien (100%), tepat obat (89,28 %), tepat regimen dosis (57,14 %) dan potensi interaksi obat (67,85 %). Berdasarkan analisa statistik, tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara karakteristik demografi dan klinis terhadap clinical outcome dan rasionalitas antibiotik (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ulkus diabetikum belum rasional.
Effect of Eleutherine americana Merr. bulb extract on blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized hypertensive rats
Authors: Yuliandra Yori , Oktarini Rizki , Armenia Armenia
Published: August 2020

The effect of ethanolic extract of Eleutherine americana Merr. on the blood pressure and heart rate has been investigated. A number of 25 Sprague-Dawley male rats were induced with prednisone 1.5 mg/kg in combination with saline solution 2.5% for 14 days to obtain hypertension model. The rats were anesthetized and prepared for the recording of blood pressure and heart rate. The rats were divided into five groups receiving 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, vehicle control, and captopril 30 mg/kg as the reference. The treatment was administered three times with 30 minutes interval. The systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. The data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s MRT (95% confidence interval). The study revealed that the extract exhibited a blood pressure lowering effect. The best antihypertensive activity of the extract was shown by the dose of 100 mg/kg. Meanwhile, HR was also affected inversely by the treatment, in which the lowest dose caused the highest increase. The study suggests that the extract of Eleutherine americana exhibits antihypertensive activity that may be potential for future development of drugs.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Pasien Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Terkait Kesehatan Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara di RSUP Dr.M. Djamil Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Juwita Dian Ayu , Almahdy Almahdy , Afdhila Rizka
Published: August 2020

Kualitas hidup merupakan suatu bagian penting dalam penilaian hasil terapi terutama pada penyakit kronis. Faktor karakteristik individu pada pasien kanker dapat mempengaruhi persepsi kesehatan general dan kualitas hidup keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik demografis (umur, tingkat pendidikan, lama terdiagnosa, jenis kemoterapi) dan karakteristik klinis (siklus kemoterapi, setting kemoterapi) pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner EORTC QLQ-C30. Sampel diambil dengan memilih semua pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi selama bulan Maret – Mei 2018. Data yang diperoleh dari pengisian kuwsoner kemudian ditaransformasikan nilainya ke dalam rentang 0-100 menggunakan rumus transformasi linear, kemudian dilakukan analisa statistik menggunakan uji Mann-whitney dan Kruskall-wallis. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan karakteristik demografi tidak berpengaruh terhadap terhadap nilai kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara (p>0,05). Sedangkan karakteristik klinis mempunyai pengaruh bermakna terhadap nilai kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara (p<0,05). Kata kunci: karakteristik pasien;kualitas hidup;kanker payudara;karakteristik demografi;karakteristik klinis;kuesioner EORTC QLQ-C30
Formulasi Liposom Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Centella asiatica Menggunakan Fosfatidilkolin dan Kolesterol
Authors: Febriyenti Febriyenti , Putra Deddi Prima , Wicaksanti Elyana Indah , Hamami Citra Dewi
Published: August 2020

Penelitian mengenai pembuatan liposom ekstrak terpurifikasi Centella asiatica menggunakan fosfatidilkolin dan kolesterol telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi atau perbandingan yang ideal antara ekstrak terpurifikasi Centella asiatica dengan fosfatidilkolin dan pengaruh penambahan kolesterol terhadap liposom yang dihasilkan. Metoda pembuatan liposom yang digunakan adalah hidrasi lapis tipis. Rasio ekstrak dengan fosfatidilkolin dibuat tiga variasi formula: F1 (1:40 b/b), F2 (1:60 b/b), F3 (1:100 b/b). Lapis tipis lipid F2 paling mudah dihidrasi. Hasil hidrasi ketiga formula menunjukkan suspensi liposom yang bewarna putih susu. Kemudian dibuat tiga formula dengan penambahan kolesterol yaitu FK1 (1:30:30 b/b), FK2 (1:20:40 b/b), FK3 (1:10:50 b/b). Hasil pengamatan suspensi liposom menggunakan SEM (scanning electron microscope) menunjukkan morfologi vesikel berbentuk sferis. Lapis tipis lipid FK1 mudah dihidrasi dan tidak menggumpal. FK1 memiliki daya penjerapan terbesar. Vesikel liposom yang mengandung kolesterol tidak mengalami perubahan warna setelah disimpan selama 6 bulan, sedangkan yang tidak mengandung kolesterol, warnanya menjadi kekuningan.
Pengaruh Interaksi Ekstrak Etanol Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) dengan Glibenklamid Terhadap Ekspresi gen CYP3A4 pada kultur sel HepG2
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Purba Anny Victor , Setyahadi Siswa
Published: August 2020

Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan suatu sindrom metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula (glukosa) darah atau hiperglikemia. Berbagai terapi dilakukan untuk menurunkan hiperglikemia menggunakan obat antidiabetes maupun tanaman herbal. Pada beberapa kasus penggunaan bersamaan obat diabetes oral dan herbal antidiabetes dapat menyebabkan interaksi antara kedua obat tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi ekstrak etanol meniran dengan glibenklamid terhadap ekspresi gen CYP3A4 pada kultur sel HepG2. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental kuantitatif dengan beberapa variabel, baik variabel independen (kombinasi ekstrak dan glibenklamid), dependen (ekspresi gen CYP3A4). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada pemberian glibenklamid tunggal terjadi penurunan ekspresi gen CYP3A4, yaitu pada konsentrasi 100, 50, dan 25 µg/mL sebesar 0,74;0,74;0,94. Selanjutnya pada ekstrak meniran tunggal terjadi peningkatan ekspresi gen CYP3A4 seiring peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak. Pada kombinasi ekstrak meniran dan glibenklamid terjadi penurunan ekspresi gen seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi pengujian. Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak meniran dan glibenklamid menurunkan ekspresi gen CYP3A4 seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi pengujian. Penurunan ekspresi gen CYP3A4 berimplikasi pada penurunan metabolisme obat
Perubahan Parameter Biokimia, Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Spraque Dawley Pascahipoksia Oleh Ekstrak Akar Acalypha indica dan Herba Centella asiatica
Authors: Nurfitri Nurfitri , Purwaningsih Erni Hernawati , Soetikno Vivian , Dwijayanti Adisti , Hardiany Novi Silvia
Published: August 2020

Hipoksia kronik merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit ginjal akibat peningkatan pembentukan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)  dalam sel. Kombinasi ekstrak akar Acalypha indica 250 mg/KgBB (AI250) dan Centella asiatica 150 mg/kgBB (CA150) memiliki efek neuroterapi pada tikus Spraque Dawley pascahipoksia. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membuktikan manfaat kombinasi ekstrak etanol dan/atau ekstrak tunggalnya dapat memperbaiki kerusakan ginjal tikus pascahipoksia melalui mekanisme antioksidan. 28 tikus jantan dikelompokkan dalam 7 kelompok: kontrol normal; kontrol hipoksia+air; hipoksia+(AI200+CA150); hipoksia+(AI250+CA100); hipoksia+AI250; hipoksia+CA150; hipoksia+vitamin C. Hipoksia selama 7 hari dalam hypoxic chamber berisi O2 10% dan N2 90%, 1 atm. Setiap kelompok diberi perlakuan selama 7 hari. Pada akhir studi hewan diterminasi. Darah dan organ ginjal diambil untuk pemeriksaan biokimia dan histopatologi.Kombinasi  (AI250+CA100) menurunkan kadar MDA ginjal dan plasma secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol hipoksia (p=0,001 dan p=0,021) dan AI250 (p=0,003 dan 0,043). Kombinasi AI250+CA100 terjadi penurunan ekspresi relatif mRNA HIF-1α (p=0,014), kadar urea plasma (p=0,001) dan perbaikan lesi intra-glomerulus p=0,013.Kesimpulan: Kombinasi (AI250+CA100) dan tunggal AI250 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan terbaik dalam mencegah kerusakan ginjal pascahipoksia, secara biokimiawi dan histopatologinya.
Daya Antioksidan Masker Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanol Buah Naga Super Merah (Hylocereus costaricensis (F.A.C Weber) Britton & Rose)
Authors: Dewi Irene Puspa , Tan Verawaty , Gani Jimmi
Published: August 2020

Buah Naga Super Merah  (Hylocereus costaricensis (F.A.C Weber) Britton & Rose) merupakan salah satu buah yang mengandung antosianin yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan. Untuk mempermudah penggunaan ekstrak buah naga super merah sebagai antioksidan wajah, ekstrak dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan masker peel-off. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol buah naga super merah dan masker peel-off ekstrak etanol buah naga super merah  (Hylocereus costaricensis (F.A.C Weber) Britton & Rose). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% dan diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator hingga didapatkan ekstrak kental. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2 pikrilhidrazil) dan didapatkan nilai IC50 dari masing-masing sampel dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang serapan maksimum 516nm. Hasil dari pengukuran didapatkan nilai IC50 masker peel-off ekstrak etanol buah naga sebesar 841,78 ppm. Ini menunjukkan tingkat berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan vitamin C sebagai pembanding. Nilai IC50 vitamin C adalah 1,898 ppm termasuk tingkat antioksidan sangat kuat.
Penggunaan DNA Mitokondria Sebagai Penanda Sumber Gelatin Sediaan Gummy dengan Teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction dan Sekuensing DNA
Authors: Shofa Andzar Fikranus , Hariyanti Hariyanti , Wahyudi Priyo
Published: August 2020

Chewable lozenges atau gummy merupakan sediaan berbentuk kenyal yang dapat melepaskan zat aktifnya langsung di dalam mulut atau tenggorokan. Bahan yang berpengaruh dalam konsistensi gummy tersebut berasal dari basis. Dalam sediaan gummy, gelatin digunakan sebagai basis yang sebagian besar bersumber dari babi dan sapi. Identifikasi sumber bahan dapat dilakukan dengan teknik PCR dan sekuensing DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sumber gelatin sediaan gummy impor tanpa logo halal. Isolasi DNA genom daging babi dan sediaan gummy dilakukan dengan GeneJet Kit. Isolat DNA kemudian diamplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik DNA mitokondria sitokrom b. Selanjutnya, amplikon dianalisis dengan elektroforesis dan dilakukan sekuensing DNA. Hasil elektroforesis amplikon daging babi dan sediaan gummy A menghasilkan pita DNA dengan ukuran 553 bp. Analisis sekuensing DNA menunjukkan homologi dengan Sus scrofa breed long lin. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan gelatin yang digunakan pada sediaan gummy A mengandung gelatin yang berasal dari babi Sus scrofa breed long lin.
Formulasi Emulgel Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Putranti Widyasari , Maulana Akmal , Fatimah Siti Fatmawati
Published: August 2020

Garlic have an activity as antifungal. Garlic extract need to be non spesific standarized to get consistent quality. Emulgel have hydrophobic or hidrophilic active substances because emulgel is a combination of emulsion and gel. This study aims to obtain the garlic extract emulgel formula which has good quality and good physical properties.The garlic extraction method maceration method with ethanol 96% as a solvent (1:7.5). Non spesific parameter of extract standardization were powder lost on drying, water content, ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, mass of extract spesification. Extract were standardized and then formulated in emulgel dosage form with 25% concentration of extract, then emulgel evaluated for physical properties include organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, temperature stability, spreadability, stickiness, type of emulsion, and viscosity. The results showed rendemen of extract (8.90 ± 0.12)%,  lost on drying (6.85 ± 0.11)%, water content of extract (4.16 ± 1.4)%, ash content of powder (3.24 ± 0.02)% and extract (1.14  ±  0.03)%, acid-insoluble ash content powder (0.96 ± 0.02)% and extract (0.61 ±  0.07)%, the mass of extract spesification 1.028, and for the physical properties test of emulgel preparations obtained homogeneous emulgel, semisolid form, light brown color, smell of extract garlic, stable at 5ºC and 25ºC for 24 hours, pH 7, spreadability (2.49±0.12) g.cm.s-1, stickiness (61.99±5.81)seconds, type of emulsion o/w, viscosity(2.63±0.22) Pa.s. Based on the study was obtained garlic extract that fulfill the requirements of non spesific parameter standardization from Farmakope Herbal Indonesia and emulgel formulation of garlic extract has good physical properties.
Pengaruh Komponen Hidrofobik Elastis terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Laju Disolusi Tablet Eritromisin Stearat
Authors: Paramita Diajeng Putri , Setyawan Dwi
Published: August 2020

Eritromisin stearat (ERS) telah diketahui menunjukkan fenomena sintering ketika dikempa dan ini berpotensi menyebabkan masalah pada kualitas sediaan mengingat ERS umum dipasarkan sebagai tablet. Pembuatan campuran biner ERS dengan parasetamol (PRS) dan asam mefenamat (ASM) dilakukan untuk menelaah pengaruh karakter hidrofobik elastis kedua senyawa tersebut terhadap sintering dari ERS. Karakterisasi fisik tablet campuran biner meliputi uji kekuatan mekanis, difraksi sinar-X serbuk (DSXS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), spektrofotometri inframerah, dan terakhir dilakukan uji disolusi. Keberadaan PRS dan ASM meningkatkan nilai kekuatan tarik tablet ERS dan ASM memberikan peningkatan yang lebih tinggi. Superimposisi pola difraksi ERS dengan PRS maupun ASM teramati dari difraktogram sinar-X campuran biner. Fotomikrograf SEM memperlihatkan batas-batas antarpartikel pada permukaan dan patahan tablet campuran biner yang lebih jelas terlihat pada tablet ERS-ASM. Spektra inframerah dan termogram DTA tidak menunjukkan adanya puncak baru akibat interaksi pada sampel campuran biner, hanya teramati transformasi polimorfik dari PRS. Tablet campuran biner ERS-PRS dan ERS-ASM menghasilkan profil disolusi lebih baik dari pada tablet ERS. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi tersebut di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan PRS dan ASM dalam mencegah fenomena sintering dari ERS tidak melibatkan adanya interaksi dan dapat memengaruhi profil disolusinya.
Optimasi Nanoemulsi Natrium Askorbil Fosfat melalui Pendekatan Design of Experiment (Metode Box Behnken)
Authors: Nursal Fith Khaira , Sumirtapura Yeyet Cahyati , Suciati Tri , Kartasasmita Rahmana Emran
Published: August 2020

Penghantaran senyawa hidrofilik secara transkutan memiliki keterbatasan karena permeabilitas rendah sehingga sulit dalam menembus lapisan stratum corneum (SC). Natrium askorbil fosfat (NAF) merupakan salah satu senyawa turunan vitamin C yang sangat hidrofil dan permeabilitas rendah terhadap lapisan kulit. Sebagaimana vitamin C, NAF dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan juga memiliki aktivitas sebagai antikerut karena dapat memicu pertumbuhan kolagen pada fibroblast. NAF dibuat dalam nanoemulsi, karena sediaan dengan ukuran globul yang kecil diharapkan dapat menembus lapisan SC dan membawa zat aktif berpenetrasi ke dalam lapisan kulit. Optimasi formulasi nanoemulsi dilakukan melalui pendekatan statistik design of experiment (DoE) yang terdiri dari desain faktorial dan respon surface methods (RSM hingga diperoleh hasil yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Komposisi minyak (VCO), surfaktan (Tween 80), ko surfaktan (PEG 400) dan proses pengadukan (waktu dan kecepatan) merupakan faktor yang berperan dalam optimasi formulasi. Penentuan faktor tersebut melalui desain eksperimen 2 level factorial dan dilanjutkan dengan metode Box Behnken menggunakan perangkat lunak Minitab 17. Parameter yang diamati adalah ukuran globul dan indeks polidispersitas. Berdasarkan hasil optimasi diperoleh nilai VCO 10% dan kombinasi surfaktan 24%, waktu dan kecepatan pengadukan 5 menit, 200 rpm memberikan ukuran globul ±180 nm dan indeks polidispersitas dibawah 0,5.
Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antidiabetes Ekstrak Daun Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa Muell.Arg.) secara In Vitro
Authors: Wulandari Lestyo , Nugraha Ari Satia , Azhari Nuri Putri
Published: August 2020

Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa Muell.Arg.) merupakan salah satu tanaman berkhasiat di Indonesia yang mengandung flavonoid, polifenol, tanin, dan terpenoid yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Kandungan senyawa dengan aktivitas antioksidan dapat dikaitkan dengan potensi aktivitas antidiabetes dari tanaman ini. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat dari daun kepundung. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode ultrasonik. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode DPPH, sedangkan pengujian aktivitas antidiabetes menggunakan metode penghambatan enzim α-amilase. Nilai IC50 pada penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum. Hasil penentuan antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat masing-masing adalah 9,38 ± 0,15; 10,55 ± 0,09; dan 946,70 ± 2,31 ppm. Ini menunjukkan ekstrak metanol dan etanol memberikan hasil terbaik dalam aktivitas antioksidan. Nilai IC50 aktivitas antidiabetes in vitro ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat masing-masing adalah 67,63 ± 0,36; 67,46 ± 0,23; dan 841,04 ± 1,52 ppm. Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol dan etanol daun kepundung memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes yang hampir sama
Transmisión vertical de virus dengue en Aedes spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Rúa-Uribe Guillermo L. , Giraldo-Jaramillo Tatiana M. , Triana-Chávez Omar , Rojo Raúl , Henao Enrique , Pérez-Pérez Juliana
Published: August 2020

El dengue es la arbovirosis más importante en salud pública. Es transmitido por la picadura de mosquitos hembras de Aedes spp., que se infectan de manera horizontal al ingerir sangre de una persona virémica. Sin embargo, numerosos estudios han identificado la transmisión vertical como otro mecanismo de infección vectorial. Con el propósito de analizar la ocurrencia de transmisión vertical del virus dengue por mosquitos Aedes, se recolectaron mosquitos adultos en viviendas y otras locaciones durante los levantamientos de índices entomológicos realizados por la Secretaría de Salud de Medellín en los años 2016 (epidémico) y 2017 (endémico). Los ejemplares se identificaron y conformaron pools para la detección viral por RT-PCR. En total se recolectaron 6.708 mosquitos, donde, el 96 % y 4 % correspondieron a Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus, respectivamente. De los 2.211 pools conformados, 294 resultaron positivos para virus dengue, y 50 de estos correspondieron exclusivamente a machos de Aedes spp. Tanto para el año epidémico como endémico, se registró transmisión vertical, pero fue más frecuente en el 2016. Se observó transmisión vertical en todos los sectores de la ciudad, sin un patrón definido. La presencia de machos Aedes spp. infectados naturalmente con virus dengue sugiere que la transmisión vertical es un evento más frecuente de lo que se consideraba, y podría comprender una mayor relevancia epidemiológica. Estudios adicionales para verificar la capacidad de infección del virus detectado en mosquitos machos y precisar el papel de la transmisión vertical en la incidencia de dengue se hacen necesarios.
AN INNOVATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE BY REPLACING CEMENT WITH NICKEL SLAG POWDER
Authors: Nabiilah Bunga Yubi , Nelfia Lisa Oksri , Astutiningsih Sotya
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Nickel slag is a solid waste produced from the nickel smelting process. At present, In Indonesia, the total capacity of domestic nickel smelting reaches 5 million tons/year with the assumption of NPI or FeNi production with a Ni level of 10%, requiring the input of Ni ore raw materials around 40 million tons/year in which around 30 million tons will become waste/slag. Currently, the area of Southeast Sulawesi has a potential of huge nickel resources of 97.4 billion tons, which spread over 480 thousand hectares of land. This has led to a continuous increase in the demand of concrete towards infrastructural development in Indonesia. Therefore, the aim of this research is to reuse nickel slag powder in the context of environmentaly friendly by analyzing the tensile strength using nickel slag powder (NSP) as a cement substitution material for the manufacture of high-performance concrete. Specimens were made with water-cement ratio of 0.31 and compared with 100% OPC Type 1 cement (as reference). Furthermore, the NSP substitution of cement were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% with a concrete age of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Analysis of physical characteristics of nickel slag powder and cement were carried out by using the Le Chatelier method, while the mechanical characteristics comprised ease of work in the field (workability) and split tensile strength. The manufactured concrete was made by using Sika Viscocrete 8015 superplasticizer admixture with split tensile strength test results for NSP substitution at 28 days ≥ 5% of the value of compressive strength.

Keywords: High-performance concrete, Nickel slag powder, Split tensile strength,
HOUSING NEEDS FULFILMENT FOR LOW-INCOME GROUP
Authors: Mishra Anjay Kumar
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

There is the requirement of large number of housing units to meet the housing needs of low-income groups in Kathmandu Valley. The overall objective of this study was to find out the appropriate ways to address these needs. The questionnaire survey and interview were carried out with low-income groups, housing experts, planners, implementers, and concerned organizations. Relative Importance Index (RII) has been calculated to find out the hierarchy of important factors and appropriate approaches for addressing the housing needs for low-income groups in Kathmandu Valley. This number is very large and the location and nature of squatter settlements are different causing it is impossible that only one approach will be suitable to meet the housing needs of the entire low-income groups. Hence, different suitable approaches have been considered to address housing needs. In a city like Kathmandu where the price of land is skyrocketing, purchasing the land parcel is beyond the capacity of the low-income groups. In this approach, the rental housing at the fringe area is more suitable to fulfill the housing needs of the low-income groups, in order to provide an adequate housing facility at a reasonable cost. The monthly rent of the housing allocated for different categories of low-income groups should be positively classified based on their affordability.

Keywords: Perception, Approaches, Cost Recovery, Affordability, Accessibility
SOFT SYSTEM METHODOLOGY AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN DESIGNING PUBLIC PARK
Authors: Yuslim Silia silia , Sulistio Hendrik
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

In DKI Jakarta, the quantity and quality of public parks need to be increased since they are not well cared of as most public spaces which resulted in the absence of visitors. Hypotheses arise that this condition may be related to inaccurate public park management. This paper is an attempt to acquire a conceptual framework related to competency requirements needed in designing public parks that focus on Soft System Methodology and Resource Management. This is a literature study coupled with interviews with those who are involved in the provision and use of public parks. Through Delphi's analysis, it reveales that a successful design of public park entails non-technical competency requirements related to "building relationships" involved with all parties integrated.

Keyword: Project Human Resource Management, Public Park Design, Soft System Methodology
PLACEMAKING IN TANAH ABANG: BETWEEN DIMENSIONS AND INTENSITY OF PEDESTRIAN WAYS
Authors: Sukasta Kariza Ayu Gayatri , Winandari Maria Immaculata Ririk
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Placemaking in pedestrian ways of a commercial area has its own characteristics, especially between central mode of transportation and shopping center. The area between Tanah Abang Station and “Blok A” Tanah Abang Market is bustling with variety of activities, especially temporary commercial activities by street vendors and hawkers as a form of placemaking. This paper explores the relationship between road dimensions and pedestrian intensity of placemaking that occurs along the pedestrian ways between the station and Blok A of The Market. The research method used is mixed method of quantitative data processing and qualitative analysis. Variables used include the dimensions of the pedestrian ways and pedestrian intensity on the path. Pedestrian ways’ dimensions cover the width and length of the pathway. Pedestrian intensity is measured by the amount, speed, and space of the pedestrian. Case studies include pedestrian ways on four streets, namely the Streets of Jatibaru Raya, Kebon Jati, Jatibaru 2, and Jatibaru 10. The results of the study show that all four streets have similar placemaking although they differ in dimensions and intensity. This shows the relationship between the dimensions of the road with the intensity of the road and it does affect the formation of place/placemaking. The narrower the width of the road and the shorter the length of the road, the higher the intensity of pedestrians, which is an indicator of the formation of placemaking in the pedestrian ways of Tanah Abang.

Keywords: pedestrian way dimensions, pedestrian intensity, placemaking
Instrumento para avaliação da qualidade de prontuários de admissão em unidades de urgência e emergência
Authors: Todt Stella Costa , Palmeira Isabella Paiva , Dantas Lara Rebeca Correia Franca , Lyra Carlos Alberto Miranda , Figueiredo Maria Bernadete Galrão de Almeida , Jesus Carla Viviane Freitas de , Lima Sonia Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Criar um instrumento que permita a classificação da qualidade dos prontuários de admissão de pacientes em unidades de urgência e emergência, verificando os itens mais omitidos e os mais avaliados no preenchimento dos prontuários. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, o qual analisou qualitativamente material impresso de 1195 prontuários eletrônicos coletados em uma instituição de urgência e emergência privada no Nordeste brasileiro. Utilizada amostra por conveniência de prontuários de pacientes com 18 anos ou mais e excluídos aqueles que não foram submetidos a avaliação médica. Os prontuários coletados foram avaliados pelo instrumento proposto, segundo os itens: identificação, caracterização de queixa principal, alergias, medicações em uso, antecedentes pessoais patológicos e gravidez, última refeição, motivo e hora da admissão, estado geral e exame físico. Resultados: Na classificação final proposta pelo instrumento, obteve-se 88 prontuários completos, 773 básicos e 334 insuficientes. Ao analisar os dados coletados nesse estudo, ficou evidente uma falha na construção dos prontuários, principalmente nos itens estado geral, última refeição, medicamentos em uso, alergias e antecedentes pessoais. Conclusão: Portanto, torna-se relevante a utilização de um instrumento específico para a avaliação e classificação dos prontuários, otimizando o atendimento, o diagnóstico e o prognóstico dos pacientes, e protegendo todos os envolvidos no âmbito judicial.
Compostos indólicos com potencial anticâncer: desenvolvimentos mais recentes
Authors: Nascimento Igor José dos Santos , Viana Max Denisson Maurício
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Compilar dados da literatura científica acerca dos principais compostos indólicos com potencial anticâncer desenvolvidos nos últimos anos. Métodos: Foram utilizados os seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed (US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health), Science Direct, SciFinder e Bentham Science, no período de 2007 de 2020 com os descritores indole AND anticâncer. Os estudos elegíveis retratavam da temática da pesquisa, publicados em inglês com texto completo disponível. Resultados: Foi mostrado que os indóis são compostos que apresentam potente atividade contra diversas linhagens de tumor (MDA-MB-231; HL-60; CCRF-CEM; K-562, MOLT-4; RPMI-8226, dentre outras) inibindo diferentes mecanismos responsáveis pela manutenção ou propagação da neoplasia (inibição da polimerização dos microtúbulos; enzima topoisomerase I; e intercalação com DNA das células tumorais) apresentando variadas estruturas químicas: desde indóis substituídos com estruturas simplificadas, até híbridos moleculares. Adicionalmente, os resultados de concentração inibitória 50 (IC50) mostraram compostos com inibição na escala nanomolar e índice de seletividade significativo, representando uma classe promissora. Considerações finais: O estudo fez um levantamento dos principais hits indólicos, passíveis de gerar novos compostos leads para a descoberta de fármacos com o objetivo de avançar nas pesquisas para produção de novos agentes antineoplásicos, com maior eficácia e menor incidência de efeitos colaterais.
Correção de sorriso gengival associada à frenotomia labial superior em paciente com Erupção Passiva Alterada (EPA): um relato de caso
Authors: Da Silva Quemuel Pereira , Barreto Ioana Veras Silva , Nogueira Paula Lima , Dantas Maria Vitoria Oliveira , Araújo Amanda da Silva , Lima Filipe de Oliveira , Palmeira Júlia Tavares , De Figueiredo Kadmo Azevedo , Germano Samara Cirilo Feitosa , Dos Santos Ítalo Cardoso
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: relatar o que é referente às possibilidades terapêuticas, diagnósticas e aos aspectos clínicos do procedimento de correção de sorriso gengival pela técnica de gengivectomia em bisel externo e reposicionamento de freio labial superior. Detalhamento do caso: o presente caso é referente ao paciente S.V.L.B.S, do sexo masculino, 17 anos, melanoderma, estudante, com queixa de “mostrar muita gengiva ao sorrir”, diagnosticado com erupção passiva alterada (EPA) do tipo 1 e subtipo A. Sendo assim, o tratamento escolhido foi a intervenção periodontal pela técnica de gengivectomia em bisel externo e gengivoplastia da área compreendida entre os elementos 14 ao 24 com posterior frenotomia labial superior. No presente caso clínico houve acompanhamento de 3 meses, e durante todo esse tempo o resultado e aparência clínica se mantiveram satisfatórios. Considerações finais: Diante disso a técnica de gengivectomia em bisel externo e plastia gengival no tratamento da EPA pode se mostrar uma ótima alternativa nos casos dessas modificações estéticas, podendo assim, devolver a harmonia estética do sorriso ao paciente.
Statistical Quantification of COVID-19 Lockdown Effect on Air Quality from Ground-Based Measurements in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Al-Abadleh Hind A. , Lysy Martin , Neil Lucas , Patel Priyesh , Mohammed Wisam , Khalaf Yara
Published: August 2020

Preliminary analysis of satellite measurements from around the world showed drops in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A number of studies have found these drops to be correlated with local decreases in transportation and/or industry. None of these studies, however, has rigorously quantified the statistical significance of these drops relative to natural meteorological variability and other factors that influence pollutant levels during similar time periods in previous years. Here, we develop a novel statistical testing framework that accounts for seasonal variability, transboundary influences, and new factors such as COVID-19 restrictions in explaining trends in several pollutant levels at 16 ground-based measurement sites in Southern Ontario, Canada. We find statistically significant and temporary drops in NO2 (11 out 16 sites) and CO (all 4 sites) in April-June 2020, with pollutant levels 20% lower than in the previous three years. Much fewer sites (2-3 out of 16) experienced statistically significant drops in O3 and PM2.5. The statistical testing framework developed here is the first of its kind applied to air quality data, and highlights the need for rigorous assessment of statistical significance, should analyses of pollutant level changes post COVID-19 lockdowns be used to inform policy decisions in Ontario, Canada. See Methods section in the manuscript.
A Review of Microvascular Complications
Authors: Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar
Published: August 2020

Complications of Diabetes mellitus include chronic damage, dysfunction and disappointment of various organs mainly affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart and blood vessels. Various minerals and vitamins acts as cofactors in regulation of insulin secretion and action ,among which magnesium dramas a key role. Magnesium is an essential mineral and plays a major role in carbohydrate metabolism. It acts as a co-factor in glucose transport mechanism and for various intracellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate oxidation. Deficiency of magnesium results in increase in insulin resistance and decrease in glucose uptake of the cells in the body. Serum magnesium levels in healthy individuals are constant, but 25 to 39% people with Type 2DM have low levels of magnesium. Hypomagnesemia has been found to have deleterious effect on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in Type 2DM. Low levels of magnesium have also been attributed to the progression and development of micro and macrovascular difficulties in Type 2DM.
Material and method selection for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines components
Authors: Scherbakov A. P.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. The article examines the problem of choosing a material and method for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines elements. The performance of construction machines is affected by the reliability of the parts used. The selection of materials for their manufacture allows to calculate the probability of how such elements will affect its ability to work and productivity.

Materials and methods. In the process of determining the material and the method for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines, structural steels with various chemical compositions were selected: lowcarbon 08ps (as a model material), 10, 20.30, St3 and low-alloy steels 09G2S and 10HSND, as well as high-carbon steel 65G and boron steel 30MnB5. The methods as high temperature annealing, normalization, injection and high temperature release, thermocyclic processing, cold plastic deformation, thermocyclic processing of steels after cold plastic deformation were used.

Results. During the experiment, it was found that both for low-carbon 08ps, 10, 20, 30, St3, and for low-alloy structural steels 09G2S and 10HSND, as well as for high-carbon steel 65G and for boron-containing steel 30MnB5, an increase in the number of TCT cycles (thermal cycling) leads to an increase in the strength properties of the metal. With an increase in the number of cycles over 3-6, the increase in strength properties slows down significantly.

Conclusion. In contrast to heat treatment, TCO allows to identify the positive effect of alloying on strength and plastic properties to a greater extent. At the same time, significantly increasing the strength and plasticity, it is possible to obtain previously unattainable values of the work of destruction of alloy steels in the process of various types of loading. Accordingly, the preliminary preparation of steel for the production of individual elements of machines and mechanisms will increase their strength and wear resistance.