bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gene Editing in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Fan Hueng-Chuen , Chi Ching-Shiang , Lee Yih-Jing , Tsai Jeng-Dau , Lin Shinn-Zong , Harn Horng-Jyh
Published: May 2018

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), at least including Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s diseases, have become the most dreaded maladies because there are no precise diagnostic tools or definite treatments for these debilitating diseases. The increased prevalence and a substantial impact on the social–economic and medical care of NDs propel governments to develop policies to counteract the impact. Although the etiologies of NDs are still unknown, growing evidence suggests that genetic, cellular, and circuit alternations may cause the generation of abnormal misfolded proteins, which uncontrolledly accumulate to damage and eventually overwhelm the protein-disposal mechanisms of these neurons, leading to a common pathological feature of NDs. If the functions and the connectivity can be restored, alterations and accumulated damages may improve. The gene-editing tools including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–associated nucleases (CRISPR/CAS) have emerged as a novel tool not only for generating specific ND animal models for interrogating the mechanisms and screening potential drugs against NDs but also for the editing sequence-specific genes to help patients with NDs to regain function and connectivity. This review introduces the clinical manifestations of three distinct NDs and the applications of the gene-editing technology on these debilitating diseases.
Simultaneous Intraoperative Measurement of Cadaver Ankle and Subtalar Joint Compression During Arthrodesis With Intramedullary Nail, Screws, and Tibiotalocalcaneal Plate
Authors: Hamid Kamran S. , Glisson Richard R. , Morash Joel G. , Matson Andrew P. , DeOrio James K.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Suboptimal tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) fusion rates may result from inadequate compression that increases motion and interferes with bony bridging. The aim of this study was to evaluate compressive forces at the ankle and subtalar joints with 3 contemporary TTCA constructs.

Methods:

Thirty fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremity specimens were divided into 3 groups of 10 each: 3 partially threaded cannulated screws, hindfoot nail, and lateral plate. Specimens were mounted to a testing apparatus, and compression was independently measured at the tibiotalar and talocalcaneal interfaces. Statistical analysis included paired Student t tests, analysis of variance, and Tukey post hoc tests.

Results:

Mean forces at the ankle joint for the screws, nail, and plate constructs were 331 ± 86, 479 ± 137, and 548 ± 199 N, respectively, with plates providing significantly more compression than screws ( P < .01). Similarly, subtalar compressive forces demonstrated 319 ± 105 N in the screws group, 466 ± 125 N, in the nail group, and 513 ± 181 N in the plate group, with plate compression greater than that achieved with screws ( P < .01). No differences were identified in compression between ankle and subtalar joints within specimens in any group.

Conclusions:

Lateral TTCA plates provided increased compressive forces at the ankle and subtalar joint compared with screws-only constructs. Hindfoot nails did not demonstrate significant differences in either of these parameters compared with plates or screws in this study.

Clinical Relevance:

Hindfoot nail and lateral plate options should be strongly considered when aiming to maximize compression in patients undergoing TTCA.
Wound and Sural Nerve Complications of the Sinus Tarsi Approach for Calcaneus Fractures
Authors: Li Shaoliang
Published: May 2018

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimal timing and measures of the sinus tarsi approach for calcaneus fractures to avoid iatrogenic injury of the sural nerve and to assess for wound complications.

Methods:

A case series of 53 patients with calcaneus fractures treated by a single surgeon with the sinus tarsi approach was retrospectively analyzed. On the basis of the delay time from injury to surgery, patients were classified into 4 groups: immediate (0–3 days), early (4–6 days), intermediate (7–14 days), and late (14–18 days). All patients were followed for at least 1 year to observe wound conditions. The rate of wound complications and iatrogenic sural nerve injury was described. Incisions were classified into 2 groups: group A included patients with incisions extending posterior to the lateral malleolus, and group B included patients with incisions confined anterior to the lateral malleolus. The rates of nerve injury were compared between both groups. Forty-three patients with 52 Sanders type II fractures were included.

Results:

The average time to surgery from injury was 8.8 days (range, 0–18 days). The overall postoperative rate of wound complications was 5.8% (3 of 52). In the immediate group, deep infections and wound necrosis were found in 2 of 8 fractures (25%). In the early group, 1 of 15 fractures developed superficial infection (6.7%). In the intermediate and late groups, no wound complication was identified. Iatrogenic sural nerve injury was recorded in 5 of 52 patients (9.6%). Group A had 33% (4 of 12) nerve injuries and group B had 2.5% (1 of 40) ( P = .009). In 70% of cases, a main branch of the sural nerve was directly under the incision.

Conclusions:

The sinus tarsi approach was generally effective and safe for calcaneus fractures. However, it was relatively risky to perform open reduction and internal fixation by the sinus tarsi approach within 6 days of injury. Because the sural nerve is in the vicinity of the approach, iatrogenic injury should be avoided by the use of careful planning and meticulous manipulations.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic; Level III, comparative study.
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the German Version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5
Authors: Müller-Engelmann Meike , Schnyder Ulrich , Dittmann Clara , Priebe Kathlen , Bohus Martin , Thome Janine , Fydrich Thomas , Pfaltz Monique C. , Steil Regina
Published: May 2018

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is a widely used diagnostic interview for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Following fundamental modifications in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5), the CAPS had to be revised. This study examined the psychometric properties (internal consistency, interrater reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and structural validity) of the German version of the CAPS-5 in a trauma-exposed sample ( n = 223 with PTSD; n =51 without PTSD). The results demonstrated high internal consistency (αs = .65-.93) and high interrater reliability (ICCs = .81-.89). With regard to convergent and discriminant validity, we found high correlations between the CAPS severity score and both the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale sum score ( r = .87) and the Beck Depression Inventory total score ( r = .72). Regarding the underlying factor structure, the hybrid model demonstrated the best fit, followed by the anhedonia model. However, we encountered some nonpositive estimates for the correlations of the latent variables (factors) for both models. The model with the best fit without methodological problems was the externalizing behaviors model, but the results also supported the DSM-5 model. Overall, the results demonstrate that the German version of the CAPS-5 is a psychometrically sound measure.
Medical management of deep ulcerative keratitis in cats: 13 cases
Authors: Martin de Bustamante Michelle G , Good Kathryn L , Leonard Brian C , Hollingsworth Steven R , Edwards Sydney G , Knickelbein Kelly E , Cooper Ann E , Thomasy Sara M , Maggs David J
Published: May 2018

Case series summary

Described are 13 cats diagnosed with deep ulcerative keratitis and successfully managed medically without grafting procedures. Typical treatment involved frequent topical application of serum and antibiotics (usually a fluoroquinolone and a cephalosporin). Seven cats also received systemic antibiotics. Analgesia was achieved using various combinations of topical atropine and systemic buprenorphine, robenacoxib or corticosteroids. Six cats were hospitalized for a median (range) period of 2.5 (1–8) days, typically because of frequent medication administration. Median (range) follow-up time was 41.5 (9–103) days. Median (range) number of recheck examinations was 4 (2–6). Median (range) time to corneal re-epithelialization was 21 (9–103) days. Median (range) topical antibiotic course was 29.5 (16–103) days. Median (range) duration of Elizabethan collar use was 28 (13–73) days. At the time of writing, no further recheck examinations were recommended for 10 cats; median (range) time between initial to final examinations in these cats was 35 (20–103) days. All cats retained the affected globes and were apparently comfortable and visual at the latest recheck examination.

Relevance and novel information

These cases reveal that aggressive medical management is highly successful in select cats with deep ulcerative keratitis, and can result in a cosmetically acceptable, apparently comfortable and visual globe. However, therapy is intensive with frequent administration of multiple topical and sometimes systemic medications, and requires multiple veterinary visits over many weeks. Referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist for consideration of surgical stabilization is recommended, as not all cases may be amenable to the medical therapy described here.
African American pre-service physical education teachers’ learning about aquatic courses
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Ellison Douglas W , Eckert Kevin
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to describe how African American pre-service physical education teachers engage themselves in learning aquatic content. This study used a case study design in andragogy theory. Seven participants (four males and three females) had very little experience and/or swimming ability prior to enrolling in the basic aquatic course. In fact, four participants had encountered near-drowning events and consequently experienced a fear of swimming. Data were collected from the participants while they were enrolled in a basic aquatic course and again while they were enrolled in the intermediate aquatic course. The data sources included self-reflective journals, a series of semi-structured face-to-face interviews and e-mail correspondence. The data were analyzed using a constant comparative method. Four significant themes were present: (a) drowning prevention lessons; (b) self-guided learning; (c) independent versus dependent learners; and (d) overcoming racial stereotypes. Based on the pre-service teachers’ interpretations of their aquatic experiences, we suggest physical education teacher education programmes should create learning experiences within aquatic courses that not only enhance future physical education teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge, but that also increase their awareness of culturally relevant pedagogy and social justice issues that may be faced when entering the physical education profession.
Fusion cuisine: A functional approach to interdisciplinary cooking in journalism studies
Authors: Peters Chris , Broersma Marcel
Published: May 2018

Journalism studies as an academic field is characterized by multidisciplinarity. Focusing on one object of study, journalism and the news, it established itself by integrating and synthesizing approaches from established disciplines – a tendency that lives on today. This constant gaze to the outside for conceptual inspiration and methodological tools lends itself to a journalism studies that is a fusion cuisine of media, communication, and related scholarship. However, what happens when this object becomes as fragmented and multifaceted as the ways we study it? This essay addresses the challenge of multiplicity in journalism studies by introducing an audience-centred, functional approach to scholarship. We argue this approach encourages the creative intellectual advancements afforded by interdisciplinary experimental cooking while respecting the classical intellectual questions that helped define the culinary tradition of journalism studies in the first place. In so doing, we offer a recipe for journalism studies fusion cooking that: (1) considers technological change (audiences’ diets), (2) analyses institutional change (audiences’ supermarket of information), and (3) evaluates journalism’s societal and democratic impact (audiences’ cuisines and health).
Numerical investigation of transient response of a coupled two-degrees-of-freedom symmetric airfoil before flutter
Authors: Ebrahem M , Manzoor S , Sheikh NA , Ali Muzaffar , Khan MM
Published: May 2018

In this study, the numerical investigation of free dynamic response of a rigid, symmetric airfoil having two coupled degrees of freedom is performed. The airfoil is excited using two different mechanisms. Firstly, a mechanical excitation scenario is simulated using initial conditions for both the degrees of freedom. Dynamic airfoil response in terms of amplitudes of oscillation is recorded under no flow as well as uniform upstream flow conditions. In the second scenario, an upstream flow perturbation is introduced in the form of a gust superimposed on the otherwise uniform in-flow. Transient energy amplification behavior of the airfoil under both scenarios is monitored. The findings are presented in terms of dimensionless aerodynamic coefficients, oscillations amplitudes, and total energy of the airfoil. Detailed comparisons of the experimental data and results obtained using analytical models are developed and discussed using a very simple simulation methodology.
Pressure feedback-based blade–vortex interaction noise controller for helicopter rotors
Authors: Modini Sara , Graziani Giorgio , Bernardini Giovanni , Gennaretti Massimo
Published: May 2018

With the aim of alleviating the noise annoyance emitted by blade–vortex interactions occurring on helicopter main rotors, the present work presents a methodology suitable for the identification of a multi-cyclic harmonic controller based on the actuation of rotor blades equipped with Miniature Trailing Edge Effectors. The objective of the control methodology is the direct suppression of the aerodynamic noise sources by generation of localized high-harmonic blade–vortex interaction counter-actions. The set-up of control devices is selected on the basis of the blade–vortex interaction scenario, taking into account a trade-off between effectiveness and power requirement. The control law is efficiently identified by means of an optimal controller synthesized through suitable two-dimensional multi-vortex, parallel blade–vortex interaction problems. The proposed methodology is validated by the application to realistic helicopter main rotors during low-speed descent flights, numerically simulated through high-fidelity aerodynamic and aeroacoustic solvers based, respectively, upon a three-dimensional free-wake boundary element method to solve the potential flow around rotors in blade–vortex interaction conditions and the Farassat 1A formulation. Results concerning the capability of the proposed controller to alleviate the blade–vortex interaction noise emitted by a realistic helicopter main rotor are presented and discussed.
Public perceptions of the seriousness of crime: Weighing the harm and the wrong
Authors: Adriaenssen An , Paoli Letizia , Karstedt Susanne , Visschers Jonas , Greenfield Victoria A. , Pleysier Stefaan
Published: May 2018

The seriousness of crime or ‘crime seriousness’ bears on at least four areas of criminal policy (sentencing, criminalization, crime control and prevention) but is poorly defined. After providing a novel conceptualization of crime seriousness, this article explores the logic – or normative philosophical principles – behind the public’s assessment of crime seriousness and considers how the public’s logic aligns with legal principles and policy requirements. A general population survey administered in 2014 in Belgium and eliciting 1278 valid responses indicates that the public’s logic is more moralist than consequentialist and raises doubts about the validity of public perceptions of crime seriousness as an indicator of crime seriousness for policy-making.
Response surface analysis of biaxial mechanical properties and elastic parameters for woven fabric composites
Authors: Chen JW , Zhao B , Chen WJ , Wang MY , Guan XY , Wu SHX
Published: May 2018

This paper describes a self-developed MATLAB program for achieving complex deformation properties and accurate elastic parameters of woven fabrics. Using this program, the response surface analyses of deformation and elastic parameters were conducted to reveal the variation and evolution in stiffness, Poisson’s ratio, and orthotropy of the laminated woven fabric composite under different loading/unloading stages, cycles, stress levels and ratios, which is a further development of our prior work. Results show that elastic parameters and orthotropic characteristics of the material vary noticeably with the loading/unloading stages, cycles, stress levels, and ratios. As higher values are required to model the remarkable warp–weft interaction and large negative strains, Poisson’s ratios in boundary regions with a maximum of 1.0 (loading) or 1.5 (unloading) are outside the bounds normally expected for these parameters. In addition, the proposed method is feasible to evaluate elastic parameters for any stress state, and thereby provides new insights into underlying deformation mechanisms of woven fabric composites.
Characteristics and survival data from Latvian pulmonary hypertension registry: comparison of prospective pulmonary hypertension registries in Europe
Authors: Skride Andris , Sablinskis Kristaps , Lejnieks Aivars , Rudzitis Ainars , Lang Irene
Published: May 2018

Patient registries are a valuable tool in the research of rare conditions such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). We report comprehensive hemodynamic and survival data of 174 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), included in the prospective Latvian PH registry over a period of > 9 years. In total, 130 adult PAH patients (75%) and 44 adult CTEPH patients (25%) were enrolled. The median follow‐up period was 33 months for PAH and 18 months for CTEPH, P = 0.001. Latvian CTEPH patients had significantly higher plasma levels of B‐type natriuretic peptide, higher pulmonary vascular resistance, and lower cardiac index than Latvian PAH patients. Calculated incidence of PAH and CTEPH in Latvia in 2016 was 13.7 and 5.1 cases per million inhabitants, calculated prevalence was 45.7 and 15.7 cases per million inhabitants, respectively. Survival rates at one, three, and five years for PAH patients was 88.0%, 73.3%, and 58.1%, and 83.8%, 59.0%, and 44.2% for CTEPH patients, respectively. We compared our study results with data from European adult PH registries. Latvian PAH patients had the fourth lowest and CTEPH patients the lowest one‐year survival rate among European adult PH registries. As most PH registries in Europe are small, yet with equivalent patient inclusion criteria, it would be desirable to combine these registries to produce more reliable and high‐quality study results.
The ‘aerobic/resistance/inspiratory muscle training hypothesis in heart failure’
Authors: Laoutaris Ioannis D
Published: May 2018

Evidence from large multicentre exercise intervention trials in heart failure patients, investigating both moderate continuous aerobic training and high intensity interval training, indicates that the ‘crème de la crème’ exercise programme for this population remains to be found. The ‘aerobic/resistance/inspiratory (ARIS) muscle training hypothesis in heart failure’ is introduced, suggesting that combined ARIS muscle training may result in maximal exercise pathophysiological and functional benefits in heart failure patients. The hypothesis is based on the decoding of the ‘skeletal muscle hypothesis in heart failure’ and on revision of experimental evidence to date showing that exercise and functional intolerance in heart failure patients are associated not only with reduced muscle endurance, indication for aerobic training (AT), but also with reduced muscle strength and decreased inspiratory muscle function contributing to weakness, dyspnoea, fatigue and low aerobic capacity, forming the grounds for the addition of both resistance training (RT) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to AT. The hypothesis will be tested by comparing all potential exercise combinations, ARIS, AT/RT, AT/IMT, AT, evaluating both functional and cardiac indices in a large sample of heart failure patients of New York Heart Association class II–III and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% ad hoc by the multicentre randomized clinical trial, Aerobic Resistance, InSpiratory Training OutcomeS in Heart Failure (ARISTOS-HF trial).
Visualizing Hierarchical Social Networks
Authors: Gemici Kurtuluş , Vashevko Anthony
Published: May 2018

The authors propose a novel technique for the visualization of networks that contain a hierarchical structure: networks in which certain nodes and groups of nodes can be classified through a relation of precedence. Networks with a hierarchical structure frequently arise in sociology and various other disciplines, but the existing methods for visualizing such networks leave much to be desired. The method developed in this work builds on the tradition of visualization in social network analysis; it aims to simultaneously represent the positions of different nodes and the relationships between groups containing the nodes in the network. As such, the proposed visualization method facilitates theoretical and empirical analysis of social structures by algorithmically combining information from the underlying network with the information from the hierarchical structure of the network. The authors illustrate the proposed method with social networks examined through cohesive blocking and k-core decomposition.
miR-29c plays a suppressive role in breast cancer by targeting the TIMP3/STAT1/FOXO1 pathway
Authors: Li Wan , Yi Jie , Zheng Xiangjin , Liu Shiwei , Fu Weiqi , Ren Liwen , Li Li , Hoon Dave S. B. , Wang Jinhua , Du Guanhua
Published: May 2018

Background

miR-29c has been associated with the progression of many cancers. However, the function and mechanism of miR-29c have not been well investigated in breast cancers.

Methods

Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess expression of miR-29c and DNMT3B mRNA. Western blot and immunochemistry were used to examine the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) protein in breast cancer cells and tissues. The functional roles of miR-29c in breast cancer cells such as proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, and 3D growth were evaluated using MTT, transwell chambers, soft agar, and 3D Matrigel culture, respectively. In addition, the luciferase reporter assay was used to check if miR-29c binds the 3′UTR of DNMT3B. The effects of miR-29c on the DNMT3B/TIMP3/STAT1/FOXO1 pathway were also examined using Western blot and methyl-specific qPCR. The specific inhibitor of STAT1, fludarabine, was used to further check the mechanism of miR-29c function in breast cancer cells. Studies on cell functions were carried out in DNMT3B siRNA cell lines.

Results

The expression of miR-29c was decreased with the progression of breast cancers and was closely associated with an overall survival rate of patients. Overexpression of miR-29c inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, and growth in 3D Matrigel while knockdown of miR-29c promoted these processes in breast cancer cells. In addition, miR-29c was found to bind 3′UTR of DNMT3B and inhibits the expression of DNMT3B, which was elevated in breast cancers. Moreover, the protein level of TIMP3 was reduced whereas methylation of TIMP3 was increased in miR-29c knockdown cells compared to control. On the contrary, the protein level of TIMP3 was increased whereas methylation of TIMP3 was reduced in miR-29c-overexpressing cells compared to control. Knockdown of DNMT3B reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cell lines. Finally, our results showed that miR-29c exerted its function in breast cancers by regulating the TIMP3/STAT1/FOXO1 pathway.

Conclusion

The results suggest that miR-29c plays a significant role in suppressing the progression of breast cancers and that miR-29c may be used as a biomarker of breast cancers.
Manufacture and physical properties of the denim fabrics using Hanji paper yarn as weft yarn
Authors: Park Tae Young , Kim Myoung-Ok
Published: May 2018

This study aims to develop the Hanji denim fabric with Hanji combination yarn or with the Hanji paper yarn and core spun yarn in a 1:1 ratio as a weft. For the weft yarn, chemical indigo and natural indigo dyestuffs were used. The study developed four kinds of Hanji paper yarns and eight kinds of Hanji denim fabrics. In addition, the study tested the properties of the developed Hanji paper yarns, Hanji denim fabrics, and existing denim fabrics. In regard to the physical properties of yarns, the Hanji paper yarn showed a lower breaking stress but a relatively high breaking strain, and it remained a stable structure with no surface fluff. The Hanji combination yarn improved the weaving ability and had a stable structure form. In the resulting physical properties of the developed Hanji denim fabrics, they had a low apparent specific gravity, stability in dimensional change in washing and drying, a higher chance of commercialization in colorfastness to washing, medium stretchability, a similar drying velocity, and a fast absorption velocity compared to the existing denim fabrics. The study suggests that the Hanji denim fabrics are the good candidate materials for summer product development, since generally the Hanji denim fabrics have cool characteristics with the excellent absorption velocity, drying velocity, and low specific gravity.
Exploratory Analysis of Brigatinib Activity in Patients With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases in Two Clinical Trials
Authors: Camidge D. Ross , Kim Dong-Wan , Tiseo Marcello , Langer Corey J. , Ahn Myung-Ju , Shaw Alice T. , Huber Rudolf M. , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Lee Dae Ho , Bazhenova Lyudmila A. , Gold Kathryn A. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , West Howard L. , Reichmann William , Haney Jeff , Clackson Tim , Kerstein David , Gettinger Scott N.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

In patients with crizotinib-treated, anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene ( ALK)-rearranged non–small-cell lung cancer (ALK-positive NSCLC), initial disease progression often occurs in the CNS. We evaluated brigatinib, a next-generation ALK inhibitor, in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC with brain metastases.

Patients and Methods

Patients with ALK-positive NSCLC received brigatinib (90 to 240 mg total daily) in a phase I/II trial (phI/II; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01449461) and in the subsequent randomized phase II trial ALTA (ALK in Lung Cancer Trial of AP26113; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02094573; patients in arm A received 90 mg once daily; patients in arm B received 180 mg once daily with 7-day lead-in at 90 mg). Primary end points (systemic objective response rates [ORRs]) were previously reported. Independent review committees assessed intracranial efficacy in patients with baseline brain metastases.

Results

Most patients with ALK-positive NSCLC had baseline brain metastases (50 of 79 [63%], phI/II; 80 of 112 [71%] and 73 of 110 [66%] in ALTA arms A and B, respectively), many of whom had no prior brain radiotherapy (23 of 50 [46%], phI/II; 32 of 80 [40%], ALTA arm A; 30 of 73 [41%], arm B). All patients, except four in phI/II, had received crizotinib. Among patients with measurable (≥ 10 mm) brain metastases, confirmed intracranial ORR was 53% (eight of 15; 95% CI, 27% to 79%) in phI/II, 46% (12 of 26; 95% CI, 27% to 67%) in ALTA arm A, and 67% (12 of 18; 95% CI, 41% to 87%) in arm B. Intracranial ORRs were similar in subsets without prior radiation or progression postradiation. Among patients with any baseline brain metastases, median intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) was 14.6 months (95% CI, 12.7 to 36.8 months), phI/II; 15.6 months (95% CI, 9.0 to 18.3 months), ALTA arm A; 18.4 months (95% CI, 12.8 months to not reached), ALTA arm B.

Conclusion

Brigatinib yielded substantial intracranial responses and durable iPFS in ALK-positive, crizotinib-treated NSCLC, with highest iPFS in patients receiving 180 mg once daily (with lead-in).
Simulation of melanoblast displacements reveals new features of developmental migration
Authors: Laurent Pascal , Petit Valérie , Aktary Zackie , Gallagher Stuart , Tweedy Luke , Machesky Laura , Larue Lionel
Published: May 2018

To distribute and establish the melanocyte lineage throughout the skin and other developing organs, melanoblasts undergo several rounds of proliferation, accompanied by migration through complex environments and differentiation. Melanoblast migration requires interaction with extracellular matrix of the epidermal basement membrane and with surrounding keratinocytes in the developing skin. Migration has been characterized by measuring speed, trajectory and directionality of movement, but there are many unanswered questions about what motivates and defines melanoblast migration. Here, we established a general mathematical model to simulate the movement of melanoblasts in the epidermis based on biological data, assumptions and hypotheses. Comparisons between experimental data and computer simulations reinforce some biological assumptions and suggest new ideas for how melanoblasts and keratinocytes might influence each other duyring development. For instance, it appears that melanoblasts instruct each other to allow a homogeneous distribution in the tissue and that keratinocytes may attract melanoblasts until one is stably attached to them. Our model reveals new features of how melanoblasts move, and in particular, suggest that melanoblasts leave a repulsive trail behind them as they move through the skin.
Retinoic acid induced expression of Hnf1β and Fzd4 is required for pancreas development in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Gere Maja B. , Pommerenke Claudia , Lingner Thomas , Pieler Tomas
Published: May 2018

Retinoic acid (RA) is required for pancreas specification in Xenopus and other vertebrates. However, the gene network that is directly induced by RA-signalling in this context remains to be defined. We identified the transcription factor Hnf1β and the Wnt-receptor Fzd4/Fzd4s as direct RA-target genes through RNA-sequencing of in vitro generated pancreatic explants. Functional analyses of Hnf1β and Fzd4/Fzd4s in programmed pancreatic explants and whole embryos revealed their requirement for pancreatic progenitor formation and differentiation. Hnf1β and Fzd4/Fzd4s thus appear to be involved in pre-patterning events of the embryonic endoderm allowing for pancreas formation.
SUBSTANTIATION OF CONTROL PARAMETERS OF THE SUBSTRATE SURFACE OF AGROLANDSCAPE OF SLOPE LANDS
Authors: Васильев Сергей , Vasil'ev Sergey , Максимов Иван , Maksimov Ivan , Петров Александр , Petrov Aleksandr , Мишин Петр , Mishin Petr
Published: May 2018

The paper substantiates the main control parameters of the underlying surface, which significantly affect the erosion processes, for the evaluation of anti-erosion technologies and mechanization tools, used on slope agrolandscapes. When the soil is treated mechanically on the surface, microroughness remains, formed as a result of the action of the operating parts of the anti-erosion machine on the treated layer. Microroughness of the soil has a great influence on the hydrodynamic properties of the water flow: speed, motion, erosion, filtration and other processes. The known parameters for estimating rough and undulating surfaces do not allow us to properly characterize the underlying surface. Therefore, it is necessary to select acceptable methods of assessment and how to determine them. Approaches for solving this issue should take into account the following requirements and features of the underlying surface: natural changes in the unevenness caused by moisture, soil formation processes, precipitation of precipitation, erosion processes, etc., changes in unevenness after mechanical tillage and other influences. For evaluation, it is required to choose a parameter, that can be determined operatively, with minimal time for processing information, the values of quantity would objectively assess the surface irregularities and be informative, and also meet the requirements of manufacturability for determining other parameters and parameters of the study object. It has been established that for the underlying surface of the research area of agricultural consumer cooperatives “Trud” of Batyrevo district of the Chuvash Republic the value of the coefficient of hydraulic roughness varies from 0.14 to 0.23, the potential for erosion resistance varies from 0.6 to 2.5 J/kg, varies from 0 to 0.006 kg/s for 11% of the area under study. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies to determine the main parameters of the underlying surface, taking into account the changes in these parameters, maps of contours for the design and evaluation of erosion technologies have been compiled in the plan.
ALGORITHM OF RECEIVING HIGH YIELD OF POTATOES
Authors: Замалиева Фания , Zamalieva Faniya , Сафиуллина Гульгуна , Safiullina Gul'guna , Жарёхина Татьяна , Zharehina Tat'yana , Рыжих Людмила , Ryzhikh Lyudmila
Published: May 2018

The potato yield, planned on the basis of calculated methods of fertilizer application, in practice can fluctuate over a wide range. Many factors influence the increase in the removal of nutrients and potato yields. One of the most important factors for potatoes, as a vegetatively propagated culture, is the quality of the seed material. The purpose of the research was to substantiate the algorithm for obtaining high potato yields on the basis of determining the influence on the productivity of quality factors of seed material, the background of fertilizers, irrigation, the use of chemical etchant and biologically active preparations. Experiments of Kortni and Nevskiy varieties were conducted in Laishevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. It was revealed that in gray forest soils under experimental conditions, the optimal background of fertilizers with the main application on the bog was N120P140K140, on irrigation - N100P120K120. Higher doses of fertilizers on irrigation and on the bog caused lower yields. The use of the Maksim chemical preservative on the bog in the arid conditions of the year increased productivity by 6.0 ... 12.0%, on irrigation - reduced by 18.0 ... 24.6%. Biologically active preparations increased productivity in moist soil by 14.0 ... 17.0%. The consistent increase in the yield of a healthy seed of Kortni variety occurred under the influence of factors: the quality of seed material - from 10 to 15.5 tons per hectare - by 55%, the background of fertilizers N100P120K120- from 15.5 to 26.3 tons per hectare - by 70% irrigation - from 26.3 to 54.0 tons per hectare - by 105.3%, treatment with zircon - from 54.0 to 61.5 tons per hectare - by 14%. Against the backdrop nutrition of N100P120K120, calculated to yield of 20 tons per hectare, with additional factors, a yield of 61.5 tons per hectare (+ 208%) was obtained. In the degenerate seed material of Nevskiy variety, the increase in productivity with the progressive use of factors occurred to a much lesser extent: from the quality of the seed material - from 10.0 to 12.0 tons per hectare - by 20%, the fertilizer background N100P120K120 - from 12 to 17.5 tons per hectare - by 46%, irrigation - from 17.5 to 23 tons per hectare by 31.4%. Against the nutrition backdrop of N100P120K120, calculated to yield of 20 tons per hectare, Nevskiy yielded 23 tons per hectare (+ 15%). The importance of seed quality is a key in obtaining high yields of potatoes. In healthy seed potatoes, with additional factors - irrigation, fertilizers, BAP - much higher yields are created, compared to the addition of the degenerate seed material under the same conditions. On the basis of the obtained results, the following algorithm for applying the factors for obtaining high potato productivity is recommended: healthy seeds + irrigation + fertilizers + biologics.
INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DEPTH OF TUBERS ON NET PRODUCTIVITY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF POTATO PLANTS
Authors: Шашкаров Леонид , Shashkarov Leonid , Григорьев Яков , Grigor'ev Yakov , Самаркин Алексей , Samarkin Aleksey , Медведев Владимир , Medvedev Vladimir
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the influence of the planting depth of potato tubers on the photosynthetic activity of potato plants in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. The depth of seeding of tubers has a direct impact on all processes of growth and development. The more favorable conditions in the zone of placement of planted tubers, the faster they germinate and give early and amicable shoots, the more successful the further development of the potato plant and the formation of the crop. The establishment of the dependence of the planting depth of potato tubers on the photosynthetic activity of potato plants makes it difficult for a variety of reasons that are directly related to the photosynthetic activity of the potato plant, since the potato plant productivity is significantly increased by optimizing the priority conditions that are necessary in the the potato plant cultivation, when all the photosynthetic activity potato plants. In this study, in order to determine potato productivity, optimal parameters of photosynthetic parameters, such as leaf surface, net photosynthesis productivity, and the FAP utilization coefficient were determined in the first study. The assimilating surface of the leaf surface of plants, per unit of sowing area, determines the absorption of phage by plants. Optimal leaf area, according to L.G. Shashkarov (2006), for potato plants is the surface up to 40 thousand square meter.
MODERN BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND GROWTH STIMULANTS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION OF SUNFLOWER FOR OILSEEDS
Authors: Низамов Рустам , Nizamov Rustam , Сулейманов Салават , Suleymanov Salavat , Сафиоллин Фаик , Safiollin Faik , Хисматуллин Марс , Khismatullin Mars
Published: May 2018

Application of biological preparations and liquid fertilizer-stimulating compositions is a perspective direction of acceleration of growth rates of production of sunflower oil raw materials in soil and climatic conditions of the middle Volga region owing to the following reasons: they stimulate the growth capacity of shoots and accelerate the transition of plants to autotrophic nutrition. As a result, a powerful deep-penetrating sunflower root system is formed, which provides additional sources of food and moisture from such deep layers of soil that are completely inaccessible to cereals; antibiotics produced by biopreparations and chelate form of copper reduces infection of seeds and crops by pathogens of basket and root rot. The number of affected plants is reduced by 35-38% depending on the varietal characteristics of the culture; a positive merger of two factors (additional nutrition and protection of plants from diseases) in one direction is the basis for the formation of highly productive agrocenoses, providing additional production of 0.26-0.27 t/ha of sunflower oil seeds (132-138 kg/ha of vegetable oil).
PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED HYBRIDS OF APPLE-TREE OF TATAR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE SELECTION
Authors: Осипов Геннадий , Osipov Gennadiy , Осипова Зоя , Osipova Zoya
Published: May 2018

The estimation of productivity, crop capacity in selected apple hybrids in the Republic of Tatarstan is given. A significant variability in productivity and crop capacity in selected hybrids has been established. The share of influence on the variability of productivity, yield in selective hybrids of the genotype, the conditions of the year and the interaction of the genotype with the conditions of the year is determined. According to the productivity, crop capacity in the Republic of Tatarstan, selected apple hybrids are provided: 8-23 (63), 29-56 (71), 16-71 (71). They are recommended to be used as sources in the selection of apple trees for productivity, yield.
KRASNOOBSKAYA - NEW VARIETY OF SOYBEAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTH URALS
Authors: Ренев Евгений , Renev Evgeniy , Вьюшина Ольга , V'yushina Ol'ga
Published: May 2018

The article presents field trials results of Krasnoobskaya variety soybean cultivation, developed jointly by the scientists of Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of North Urals - branch of Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, (Tyumen region) and Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk Region) are presented by individual selection of somaclonal lines from Siberian Research Institute of Feedstuff 315 type of soybean. An economic morphological signs of a new Krasnoobskaya variety of soybean was conducted when growing it on dark gray forest soils in the northern forest-steppe of the Northern Urals. The variety is early maturing, the duration of the growing season is 79-95 days, it is intended for grain use. The productivity for the years of competitive testing (Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk) averaged 2.07 tons per hectare, 0.31 tons per hectare higher than Siberian Research Institute of Feedstuff 315 type. The maximum yield of seeds is 2.42 tons per hectare. According to the results of research in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Tyumen region, Krasnoobskaya - a new variety of soybean of early maturation type showed satisfactory results in the morphology of plant development, productivity and seed quality. Morphologically, the attachment of the lower bean is 1.1 cm higher than that of Siberian Research Institute of Feedstuff 315 type, the average protein content in the Krasnobobskaya soybean was 34.0% on average over 2 years, 2.2% higher than the standard, and 19.6% higher in fat standard level. The productivity of the variety for 2 years of research exceeded the standard of Siberian Research Institute of Feedstuff 315 type by an average of 0.08 tons per hectare or 10.6%.
OPTIMUM SOWING NORMS OF SUNFLOWER OF RODNIK VARIETY DEPENDING OF MINERAL NUTRITION BACKGROUND ON GREY FOREST SOILS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Сафиоллин Фаик , Safiollin Faik , Низамов Рустам , Nizamov Rustam , Сулейманов Салават , Suleymanov Salavat , Миннуллин Геннадий , Minnullin Gennadiy
Published: May 2018

We can expect to receive from 0.81 to 0.97 tons of sunflower oil seeds per hectare in the soil-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region without the introduction of mineral fertilizers. As the doses of mineral fertilizers are increased, the productivity of 1 hectare of arable land is increased 2.8 times and the gross collections of oilseeds are 2.14 tons per hectare at the non highest background of mineral nutrition, against 0.86 tons per hectare in the control variant of the experiment (without fertilizers). The optimization of seeding rates of the studied culture is of great importance in the formation of highly productive agrocenoses. In the variants of supplementary supply of plants with nutrients, especially when N98P38K124 is introduced, the seeding rate of 70 thousand pieces per hectare of virgin seeds raises the yield of sunflower by 0.51 tons per hectare (a very solid increase in yield), compared with the sowing rate of 60 thousand pieces per hectare.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSING OF SEEDS ON INCREASE OF WINTER RYE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY
Authors: Таланов Иван , Talanov Ivan
Published: May 2018

Investigations established, that when presowing seed treatment with electromagnetic fields of an extremely high frequency of ranges of different intensities, the seeding properties of seeds are improved, the field germination of seeds increases and the plants are preserved for harvesting. The combined application of electromagnetic interference (30 m) and chemical disinfectant Vial TT (2 kg per ton) with seed dressing resulted in a decrease in plant damage caused by root rot and leaf-stalk mycoses, increased prodcutivity and grain quality. The maximum harvest of winter rye is 3.84 tons per hectare on the seed treatment option “Extremely high frequency - 30 m + Vial TT -2 kg per ton” and applying estimated doses of NPK by 4.0 tons per hectare. The addition of grain yield from the joint application of preseeding seed treatment of extremely high frequency of 30 m. + Vial TT -2 kg / t on a background without fertilizers was 0.45 tons per hectare, on a fertilized background - 0.49 tons per hectare.
ADAPTIVE AND LANDSCAPE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE - BASIS OF RATIONAL USE OF LAND OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Трофимов Николай , Trofimov Nikolay , Сулейманов Салават , Suleymanov Salavat , Сочнева Светлана , Sochneva Svetlana , Логинов Николай , Loginov Nikolay
Published: May 2018

The article considers the significance of the transition from the consumer approach to adaptive farming. The natural and ecological potentials of the republic have been analyzed in the context of municipal districts and measures have been developed to develop these territories. Based on the natural-ecological and natural-resource potential of the Republic of Tatarstan, crop rotation systems are recommended for specific conditions.
ADAPTIVE RESOURCE AND MOISTURE-SAVING WAYS OF INCREASING THE WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND REPRODUCTION THE FERTILITY OF GRAIN FOREST SOIL OF THE KAMA REGION OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Шакиров Рафил , Shakirov Rafil , Бикмухаметов Закиржан , Bikmuhametov Zakirzhan , Хисамиев Фидаил , Hisamiev Fidail
Published: May 2018

Complex studies were carried out in eight-field cereal-steam and grain-steamed crop rotations with the use of the following factors: precursors, fertilizer systems calculated for 4 and 5 tons of grain per hectare, plant protection and basic tillage methods. Scientific novelty - for the first time on the gray forest soils of Kama, adaptive moisture saving technologies have been developed and the agroeconomic substantiation of the effect of their integrated application on the productivity of spring wheat and reproduction of soil fertility has been given. The aftereffect of various types of organic fertilizers on the productivity of spring wheat and soil fertility under systemic application in crop rotations has been experimentally substantiated. The best precursors of spring wheat turned out to be alfalfa of 3 years of use, winter rye for the sideral sweet and manured fallows. Not bad predecessors are fertilized with organic fertilizers corn and winter wheat placed after the sideral fallow. Effective use of the organomineral fertilizer system in crop rotations, at which the productivity of the cultivated crop increases by 10-11 centners per hectare compared to the background without fertilizers, the supply of nutrients to the elements improves, during which the content exceeds the control by 1.3-1.4 times. The increment of yields from plant protection is in the range 0.2-0.45 ton per hectare, depending on the nutrition background and the protection methods. At the same time, the greatest increase from integrated protection, taking into account economic threshold of damage, is achieved against the background of the organomineral system of fertilizers, the smallest increase - against a background without fertilizers. Among basic soil cultivation methods, it is advisable to loosen without turning the seam to a depth of 15-16 cm, which increases the productivity, provides fuel and energy savings of up to 40%, accumulates and stores 10 to 20% more productive moisture in the meter soil layer than dump plowing. Complex application of adaptive methods on the basis of fructification using the organomineral fertilizer system raises productivity by 1.5-2 times, profitability of production by 43 -98%, reduces the cost of grain by 20-35%.