bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tekanan dalam Bahasa Tontemboan: Pendekatan Fonetik Eksperimental
Authors: Robot Kevin Yeremia , Kalangi Leika Maria Victoria , Imbang Djeinnie
Published: September 2019

Stress is one of suprasegmental feature in language and is included in the study of acoustic phonetics. Tontemboanese is a language spoken in several areas in Minahasa, and in this research, the word stress in Tontemboanese is done through the approach of experimental phonetics by employing the software Praat in data analysis. The data are collected through recording from interview, cut the recording into several one-word recordings, and then the data are analyzed with Praat to determine the pitch, duration, and intensity of each syllable. Through the data analysis, it is found that the Tontemboanese word stress is a fixed word stress, and the position of the stress is generally in the penultimate syllables. The result is still similar with the results by Schwarz (1908) and Tambuwun (1986) which states that the word stress in Tontemboanese is in the penultimate syllable. Keywords: Stress, Suprasegmentals, Tontemboan, Experimental Phonetics
Bentuk Lingual dalam Meme pada Grup Whatsapp
Authors: Rachmawati Dian , Imbang Djeinnie , Kalangi Leika Maria Victoria
Published: September 2019

This study examines the lingual forms especially the morphological process and the lingual form of sentences based on the communicative values contained in the meme of the whatsapp group. The things discussed will reveal the lingual forms of words and sentences in meme on whatsapp group. This study aims to identify, classify, and analyze the lingual forms in meme on whatsapp group. This research is descriptive qualitative with a linguistic approach. The method of data collection uses the referred method. The method of data analysis uses a matching method with basic and advanced techniques. The results of the study show that there are six lingual forms of words according to the morphological processes in the meme of the whatsapp group, which consist of zero derivation, affixation (prefix, suffix, confix, and combination of affixes), reduplication (dwilingga and dwiwasana), abbreviation (decapitation, abbreviation, contractions, and acronyms), composition, and reverse derivation. The result of the study of the lingual sentence shows that there are four types of sentences, namely declarative sentences, interrogative sentences (total and partial interrogatives), imperative sentences (common imperatives, requests, invitation, and imperative), and empathic sentences in meme on whatsapp group.Keywords: shapes, lingual, words, sentences, memes
Electrocardiograph Simulator Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Whinangun I Dewa Gede Budi , Pudji Andjar , Makruf M. Ridha , Utomo Bedjo , Luthfiyah Sari
Published: September 2019

Electrocardiograph (ECG) menjadi salah satu ilmu diagnostik yang sering dipelajari dalam mendiagnosis dan untuk terapi penyakit jantung. Mengingat pentingnya alat ECG recorder, maka diperlukan pengecekan fungsi alat ECG recorder yaitu dengan cara melakukan prosedur kalibrasi alat menggunakan Phantom ECG. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat ECG Simulator untuk alat ECG 12 channel yang meliputi lead I, lead II, lead III, aVR, aVF, aVL, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, dan V6 dan melengkapinya dengan selektor pemilihan sensitivitas serta menggunakan. Metode pembentukan sinyal jantung menggunakan DAC tipe MCP 4921 dengan mikrokontroler Atmega2560 dan untuk tampilan pengaturanya menggunakan LCD Karakter 2x16. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran didapat nilai tingkat kesalahan sebesar 0.187% sensitivitas 0.5mV dan 0.327% sensitivitas 1.0mV pada setting BPM 30, didapat nilai tingkat kesalahan sebesar 1.173% sensitivitas 0.5mV dan 1.060% sensitivitas 1.0mV pada setting BPM 60, didapat nilai tingkat kesalahan sebesar 0.797% sensitivitas 0.5mV dan 0.739% sensitivita 1.0mV pada setting BPM 120, didapat nilai tingkat kesalahan sebesar 0.269% sensitivitas 0.5mV dan 0.381% sensitivitas 1.0mV pada setting BPM 180 dan 0.010% sensitivitas 0.5mV dan 0.616% sensitivitas 1.0mV pada setting BPM 240. Modul ECG Simulator dilengkapi dengan fitur charge baterai dan biaya pembuatan yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan alat pabrikan.
Pemantauan SpO2 Melalui Aplikasi Android di Mobile Phone
Authors: Yonanto Veriko , Wisana I Dewa Gede Hari , Rahmawati Triana
Published: September 2019

Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) adalah penyakit obtruksi jalan napas karena bronchitis kronik atau emfisema. Salah satu penyebab PPOK adalah merokok. Monitoring saturasi oksigen digunakam untuk mengetahui nilai SPO2 selama satu menit pada perokok pasif maupun aktif yang bertujuan untuk monitoring kondisi Saturasi Oksigen pasien rawat jalan dan jika terjadi nilai yang tidak normal dapat dijadikan sebagai peringatan awal terjadinya risiko dari Pola Hidup Merokok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini membuat alat monitoring SPO2 via Android menggunakan sensor MAX30100. Sensor MAX30100 bekerja berdasarkan penyerapan cahaya IR dan LED yang masuk ke sensor, data dari sensor MAX30100 masuk ke pin 12C pada minimum sistem arduino, kemudian diolah sehingga menghasilkan presentase nilai SPO, yang kemudian ditampilkan pada LCD 16x2 dan Android dengan menggunakan Bluetooth sehagai media pengiriman. Pada peneliti sebelumnya dihasilkan error sebesar 0,6% dan hasil dari penelitian  sekarang  dengan melakukan pendataan 5 responden dengan 6 kali pengambilan data di dapatkan error sebesar 0.27%.
The Onset of Civil War: Combining Various Scholarly Research Methods
to Arrive at A Single, Unified Explanation of Why Civil Wars Occur
Authors: Narayanan Sugumaran
Published: September 2019

Historically, Southeast Asia has been among the most peaceful regions of the world. In the last sixty years, however, the populations of Southeast Asia have been torn apart by ravaging civil wars. What could be causing the high number of ethno-religious civil wars in Southeast Asia? To understand this, I use three different methods, two of which I have already employed in previous researches—quantitative (statistical) and traditional
case studies. The third, using personal interviews with direct participants of conflict, is the focus of this study. This, combined with the results obtained from the other two methods, will highlight the causes of civil wars in Southeast Asia. While a number of studies have attempted to answer the race-religion-civil war nexus puzzle (none have used all three methods—quantitative, traditional case studies, and personal interviews), and none
has specifically addressed Southeast Asian civil wars using all three methods.
Estimación de la incidencia del cáncer en la Comunidad de Madrid en 2015
Authors: Zorilla Torras Belén , Parra Blázquez David , Moñino Zubia Daniel , Aragonés Sanz Nuria
Published: September 2019

El cáncer es actualmente uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en todo el mundo. Además, el número de casos de cáncer presenta una tendencia creciente, debido al envejecimiento de la población. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la incidencia de cáncer en la Comunidad de Madrid en 2015, por tipo de tumor y por sexo. Para ello, se han utilizado los datos de mortalidad para la Comunidad de Madrid y para España correspondientes al año 2015, y la estimación de incidencia de cáncer para España también para 2015 realizada por los registros poblacionales de cáncer españoles. El método utilizado en la estimación de la incidencia de cáncer se basa en aplicar las razones de incidencia/mortalidad de España a la mortalidad de la Comunidad de Madrid, por edad y sexo, globalmente y para los principales tipos de cáncer. Se estima que en 2015 los cánceres más frecuentes en las mujeres madrileñas fueron el cáncer de mama, el cáncer de colon, el de pulmón y el de cuerpo uterino. En varones, los cánceres más frecuentes fueron el cáncer de próstata, el de pulmón, el de colon y el de vejiga urinaria. Globalmente, en comparación con las tasas estimadas para España, la incidencia de cáncer en mujeres y hombres de la Comunidad de Madrid es inferior a la del promedio de España. Para algunos tumores, sin embargo, la Comunidad de Madrid presenta tasas superiores a las de España, siendo el caso del cáncer de pulmón y el melanoma cutáneo en mujeres, y del cáncer de páncreas y el melanoma cutáneo en los varones.
NEMATODOS, SU IMPLICACIÓN EN LA PRODUCCIÓN AGRÍCOLA
Authors: Ricardo Guerrero
Published: September 2019

Los nematodos, junto con los insectos constituyen los grupos animales de mayor Biodiversidad, de hecho empezó a hablarse de megabiodiversidad a partir de la publicación de Terry Erwin quien encontró 900 especies de coleópteros en un solo árbol de la Amazonía peruana.
INFLUENCIA DEL MANEJO SOBRE LA CALIDAD DEL SUELO
Authors: Carla Moreno  , María Isabel González  , José Antonio Egido
Published: September 2019

El manejo agrícola origina modificaciones en las propiedades del suelo. Para evaluar la incidencia del manejo sobre diferentes cultivos se han realizado análisis químicos, fisicoquímicos y bioquímicos en suelos con plantaciones de maíz (Zea mayz) y remolacha (Beta vulgaris L.) utilizando como control un suelo natural. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que efectivamente el cultivo genera modificaciones en el suelo y que los parámetros bioquímicos (CO2 producido por los microorganismos del suelo) son los más sensibles a la modificaciones producidas.
DETERMINACIÓN DE FLUOROQUINOLONAS EN TEJIDO ANIMAL MEDIANTE CROMATOGRAFÍA LÍQUIDA ACOPLADA A ESPECTROMETRÍA DE MASAS
Authors: Fernando Gualpa Jaramillo  , Michael Rendón Morán
Published: September 2019

Un método multiresiduos, para la determinación simultánea de Fluoroquinolonas ácidas y básicas en tejido animal ha sido desarrollado mediante UPLC/MS/MS; con recuperaciones en el orden del 93 a 108%. Se establecieron LOD =5,0 ngg-1 y LOQ =10,0 ngg-1 para cada quinolona. La robustez del método permite su aplicación a varios tipos de matrices como camarón, pescado, pavo, etc.
EFECTO DE LA COCCIÓN SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE PAPAS NATIVAS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM) DEL ECUADOR
Authors: Carlota Moreno Guerrero  , María José Andrade Cuvi  , Gabriela Oña Pillajo  , Tatiana Llumiquinga Hernández  , Analía Concellón
Published: September 2019

Se evaluó el efecto de la cocción sobre la composición proximal y la capacidad antioxidante de cinco variedades de papas nativas (Yana Shungo, Puca Shungo, Leona Negra Tushpa y Uvilla). El contenido de proteína en las variedades Yana Shungo, Puca Shungo y Leona Negra fue mayor luego de la cocción. Las papas nativas cocidas presentaron mayor capacidad antioxidante que en estado fresco, pudiendo relacionarse con el hecho de que el tratamiento térmico produciría la liberación de compuestos antioxidantes de tipo enzimático y no enzimático.
ENCEFALOPATÍA ESPONGIFORME BOVINA Y SU DIAGNÓSTICO: REVISIÓN
Authors: Gabriel B. Pinto  , Jorge Espinoza  , Selene Juliá  , Javier Blanco Viera  , Pedro M. Aponte
Published: September 2019

Se presentan de forma sistemática los principales métodos de diagnóstico clínico y de laboratorio de la encefalopatía espongiforme bovina (EEB), enfermedad priónica del ganado y otras especies, potencialmente transmisible al ser humano y de alta letalidad. Se incluyen elementos históricos, especies con potencial de infección y transmisión en el contexto de los programas de detección y regulación en el Ecuador.
MÉTODOS DE TIPIFICACIÓN BASADOS EN PCR PARA DIFERENCIACIÓN DE AISLADOS DE SALMONELLA
Authors: Yveth Casart Quintero
Published: September 2019

¿Es posible identificar serotipos bacterianos sin utilizar antisueros? Existen métodos de “serotipificación molecular”, o métodos de tipificación basados en ADN, cuyo objetivo es identificar serotipos sin tener que utilizar antisueros.
HOSPEDEROS DE MOSCAS DE LA FRUTA ANASTREPHA SPP. Y CERATITIS CAPITATA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) EN ECUADOR
Authors: José Vilatuña  , Paulina Valenzuela  , Julia Bolaños  , Rodrigo Hidalgo  , Adriana Mariño
Published: September 2019

Las moscas de la fruta son consideradas una de las plagas más importantes, debido al impacto económico que causan. Por tal motivo la identificación de las especies hospederas de Anastrepha spp. y Ceratitis capitata permite implementar estrategias de manejo integrado y disminuir las poblaciones de esta plaga, a fin de mejorar la producción frutícola del Ecuador.
EVALUACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD DEL SUELO POR GRAVIMETRÍA Y REFLECTOMETRÍA
Authors: Pablo Quichimbo  , Guamán José , Cajamarca Milton , Aguirre A. J
Published: September 2019

En suelos arcillosos, el uso o restricción de equipos basados en Reflectometría de Dominio Temporal para la determinación de la humedad del suelo, tiene que ser realizado previo a una evaluación y calibración de los equipos.
CÓDIGOS DE BARRAS DE ADN Y EL ACCESO A LOS RECURSOS GENÉTICOS PARA POTENCIAR AL SECTOR AGROPECUARIO
Authors: David Donoso  , Miguel Pinto  , Carlos Carpio
Published: September 2019

CÓDIGOS DE BARRAS DE ADN Y EL ACCESO A LOS RECURSOS GENÉTICOS PARA POTENCIAR AL SECTOR AGROPECUARIO.
ESTUDIO DE LA CONSERVACIÓN DE FRUTAS EN "GAMMA IV" CON LA APLICACIÓN DE UN RECUBRIMIENTO BIODEGRADABLE-ACTIVO
Authors: Karla Aroca  , Ornella Regalado  , Sandra Acosta
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo se hizo en frutas en Gamma IV, se presentó con dos alternativas de recubrimiento con 5% y 10% de ácido cítrico, incorporado a una matriz biodegradable de almidón de yuca y gelatina, incorporado por aspersión sobre rodajas de bananos y manzanas. Lo que se espera obtener es que se alargue el tiempo de vida útil, sin o con mínima presencia de oscurecimiento por acción de las polifenoxidasas. Los ensayos demostraron que el recubrimiento con 10% presento mejores propiedades de calidad y organolépticas.
INFLUENCIA DE SACAROSA Y COTILEDONES EN LA MICROINJERTACIÓN DE CÍTRICOS
Authors: Llihua Quispe Liz Julieta , Abelardo Calderón Rodríguez  , Rosa María Cabrera Pintado
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la influencia de seis tratamientos que combinan la concentración de sacarosa en el medio de cultivo y el número de cotiledones del patrón, con la posibilidad de establecer un protocolo óptimo de microinjertación y su posterior uso potencial para la eliminación del Virus de la Tristeza de los Cítricos (CTV) de las variedades infectadas. Se utilizaron las semillas de Citrange Troyer y varetas de limón Eureka y naranjo Washington Navel para la optimización del protocolo de microinjertación. Los resultados mostraron que el mejor tratamiento de desinfección de semillas fue 0,16% de NaClO durante 5 minutos, y para las varetas fue de 1% de NaClO durante 20 minutos. Además, se recomienda como protocolo de microinjerto óptimo, el uso de 45 g.L-1 de sacarosa con un cotiledón en el patrón para el limón Eureka, y para el naranjo Washington Navel, la utilización de 45 g.L-1 de sacarosa y un patrón sin cotiledones.
PROTOCOLOS DE SUPEROVULACIÓN UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES DOSIS DE GONADOTROPINA CORIÓNICA EQUINA (eCG) EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE EMBRIONES OVINOS”
Authors: Morales María  , Vargas Juan  , Salazar Richard  , Mancheno Richard
Published: September 2019

Este estudio determina el efecto de un tratamiento de superovulación y transferencia de embriones, realizado en ovejas Poll Dorset (n=16) en los meses de septiembre-octubre, en la Hacienda Zuleta y Anexas S.A. situada a una altitud de 2885 msnm. En el día 0 se colocó una esponja intravaginal Chronogest® CR durante 9 días, en el día 7 se administró en el Tratamiento I (1000 UI eCG Folligon®) y el Tratamiento II (1500 UI de eCG Folligon®), el día 9 se administró un análogo de la prostaglandina F2α (Lutalyse® 10mg) conjuntamente con el retiro de la esponja, y al momento del celo se aplicó un análogo de GnRH (Conceptal® 8µg), se realizó la inseminación artificial cervical 48 horas post retiro de esponja intravaginal. La recuperación embrionaria se realizó 6 días posteriores por laparotomía. El número de cuerpos lúteos obtenidos en el tratamiento I (5,40±3,02) tratamiento II (9,80±5,20). Se demostró que (P<0,05) sí existe una diferencia significativa en la respuesta superovulatoria entre tratamientos. El número de embriones obtenidos tratamiento I (0,63±1,41), tratamiento II (2,13±2,30) donde (P>0,05) no hubo diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos. Se concluyó que el Tratamiento II, mostró una mejor respuesta a la superovulación frente al Tratamiento I. Sin embargo, para la recolección de embriones los dos tratamientos no presentan ninguna diferencia.
MENENTUKAN JENIS PENYAKIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE MAMDANI DENGAN GOLONGAN OBAT YANG SESUAI
Authors: Jasri Jasri
Published: September 2019

Hypertension is another name for high blood pressure and hypertension can be defined as conditions in which blood pressure is higher than 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHG). The figure of 140 mmHG refers to systolic reading, when the heart pumps blood throughout the body. Meanwhile, the figure of 90 mmHG refers to diastolic reading, when the heart is relaxed while refilling its chambers with blood. Fyzzy logic with mamdani method is a method for determining obt that is suitable for the type of hypertension so that hypertension keeps running normally.
The Impact of Serum C-peptide Level on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetic Women.
Authors: Aydoğan Berna İmge , Bahçecioğlu Mutlu Adile Begüm , Keskin Çağlar , Özalp Ateş Funda Seher , Güllü Sevim
Published: September 2019

Objective: Recent studies suggested that c-peptide had biological activity on bone metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the impact of c-peptide level on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women.

Methods: Thirty-five insulin naïve type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women were included in our prospective cohort study. Fasting and random c-peptide, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, insulin, alkaline phosphatase level (ALP) levels and BMD were evaluated.

Results: The mean age of patients was 61.8±8.56 years. The mean fasting c-peptide, random c-peptide and insulin levels were 3.0±1.24, 7.7±3.7 and 13.9±11.2 µIU/ml, respectively. The mean femoral neck (FN-BMD) and total lumbar spine bone mineral density (L-BMD) were 0.787±0.127 and 0.919±0.122 g/cm2, respectively. C-peptide level was associated with total hip BMD (p<0.05) but this relation disappeared after regression analysis adjusted for confounders. A negative correlation between PTH level and FN-BMD was found (p=0.01). Total hip BMD and L-BMD were negatively correlated with age (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively). A positive association between DPP4 inhibitor treatment and total hip BMD was observed (p=0.03).

Conclusions: We observed a positive association between total hip BMD and serum c-peptide level. However, this relationship disappeared in multiple linear regression analysis. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of c-peptide level on the risk of osteoporosis in T2DM.
Analysis of breast true-cut biopsies by applying immunohistochemical study of myoepithelial markers
Authors: Balcı Mecdi Gürhan , Tayfur Mahir
Published: September 2019

Objective: Breast pathologies are very common in women. Breast cancer is the most common and most frequent cause of death in women. The most common type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma. Histopathological examination of the tissue taken with a fine needle aspiration biopsy or true-cut biopsy is the main diagnostic method when clinical examination of breast and/ or radiological mass is detected. The definitive diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the breast is important in the form of treatment. The most important features in the diagnosis of breast cancer are atypical cellular features such as invasion, desmoplasia, pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, nuclear irregularity, prominent nucleoli, high mitosis count. Loss of myoepithelial layer in the malignant cases is a very important feature in the diagnosis. Aim of this study is to evaluate the benign and malignant breast pathologies with the immunohistochemical panel.

Material and Methods: 52 breast true-cut biopsy materials in the archives of Department of Pathology at Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University between 2015-2017 were re-examined with the immunohistochemical panel. The immunohistochemical staining markers such as estrogen, progesterone, cerb-B2, E-cadherin, P63, CD10, calponin, CK5/6 have been applied in all cases.

Results: 23 cases were a benign disease such as fibroadenoma, adenosis, fibrosis, fibrocystic changes, and intraductal papilloma. 29 cases were a malignant epithelial tumor.

Conclusion: In the diagnosis of breast cancers, mainly cellular properties are determinative. The evaluation with the immunohistochemical panel will reduce the risk of diagnostic error when the cases that difficultly diagnosed with cellular properties.
The Effects of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency on hemogram parameters in children
Authors: Şahin Kamil , Elevli Murat , Coşkun Cihan , Koldaş Macit
Published: September 2019

Objective: According to numerous studies, bicytopenia, pancytopenia, or isolated thrombocytopenia and anemia patients have folic acid (folate) and vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of folate and B12 deficiency in childhood on several haemogram parameters such as platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and white blood cell (WBC) count.

Materials and Methods: The retrospective study included children who had applied to the pediatric outpatient clinic between 2015 and 2017. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to serum B12 and folate status.  The results were evaluated by statistical methods.

Results: PLT and WBC levels of the folate and B12 deficiency group were found to be lower than the control group (p=0.015, p<0.001 respectively), and their MPV and HCT levels were higher (p: 0.015, p<0.001 respectively). MCV levels, however, were not different (p>0.05). No effect of PLT and MCV on folate levels was seen. Similarly, any effects of MPV, PLT and MCV independent variables on B12 levels were not observed. Although platelet and leukocyte count was decreased in folate and B12 deficiency, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were observed only three patients.

Conclusion: Although peripheral blood cell lines are not always seen low during folate and B12 deficiency, and there is not obvious anemia and MCV highness at a patient with neurological and psychological symptoms, folate and B12 deficiency should be thought if there are leukocyte and thrombocyte levels lower than mean reference values.
Isolation of fungi using the diffusion chamber device FIND technology
Authors: Libor Benjamin , Harms Henrik , Kehraus Stefan , Egereva Ekaterina , Crüsemann Max , König Gabriele M
Published: September 2019

Fungi are an important source of bioactive metabolites. The Fungal one-step IsolatioN Device (FIND) technology allows the isolation of rare fungi from terrestrial and marine samples. The FIND comprises a multi-chambered micro agar plate, where initially only one fungal part (e.g., hyphal cell, mycelial fragment or spore) is located in each chamber. After inoculation the device is placed back into the original natural environment of sample collection, to ensure favourable growth conditions. Experiments were carried out with terrestrial soil and marine sediment, as well as sea water samples to validate this method. This yielded axenic cultures of 12 different filamentous fungi, one of them being the marine-adapted fungal strain Heydenia cf. alpina. The latter produced two new terpenoids, which are the first secondary metabolites from this genus.
Penelope Fitzgerald
Authors: Adlington Hugh
Published: September 2019

Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000) has been acclaimed as one of the finest novelists of the late-twentieth century. Four of her novels were shortlisted for the Booker Prize. One of them, Offshore (1979), won. Her final work of historical fiction, The Blue Flower (1995), won the US National Book Critics’ Circle Award. Fitzgerald’s works are distinguished by their acute wit, deft handling of emotional tone and an unsentimental yet deeply felt commitment to portraying the lives of those men, women and children ’who seem to have been born defeated’. Admirers have long recognized the brilliance of Fitzgerald’s writing, yet the deceptive simplicity of her style invariably leads readers to ask, ‘How is it done?’ This book seeks to answer that question, providing the first sustained exposition of Penelope Fitzgerald’s compositional method, working both inwards from the surface of her writing and outwards from the archival evidence of Fitzgerald’s own drafts and working papers. The book’s six main chapter cover the full range of Fitzgerald’s writing, including her extensive critical writing, her three biographies, nine novels, numerous short stories, poems and letters. It also considers Fitzgerald’s literary reputation and influence, and contains a biographical outline, an appendix of uncollected and unattributed poems, and an annotated bibliography.
Reputation and Influence
Authors: Adlington Hugh
Published: September 2019

This chapter assesses the growth of Penelope Fitzgerald’s literary reputation since her death in 2000, and gauges the nature of her influence on other writers. It weighs up contemporary criticism of her work, and suggests that despite the favourable attention given to her life and writing in recent years, including film and radio adaptations of her novels, and Hermione Lee’s full-length biography, Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life, Fitzgerald’s place in the canon of twentieth-century British fiction is not necessarily secure. This is partly because of the difficulty of categorizing Fitzgerald’s work. Her style and sensibility have more in common with her chronological peers, such as post-war novelists Barbara Pym, Muriel Spark and Iris Murdoch, than with novelists of the 1980s and 1990s. At the same time, reviewers of female ironists such as Fitzgerald tend to overplay the benignity of her fiction, as though subtlety and understatement were incommensurate with the exploration of the major questions of life. The chapter concludes by calling on educators, writers, and publishers to support her legacy by continuing to study, adapt and print her works.
The Anxiety of Inheritance
Authors: Pooler Mhairi
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on Edmund Gosse, Victorian man of letters, and his autobiography Father and Son. The book’s differences from the other works discussed in Writing Life are notable, but the very differences make Gosse’s narrative significant, for his unusual genre mixing generates a number of themes and motifs that resonate through the study: generational difference and influence; inheritance; the role of reading in shaping authorial individuality (Bloom); and a concept of autobiography as ‘fathering’ (or ‘mothering’) the self. The chapter concludes that as Father and Son subverts traditional spiritual autobiography in favour of an artist’s apprenticeship narrative, so Gosse’s struggle against inheriting his father’s religious beliefs enables his eventual individuation. Gosse is often viewed as critic rather than an author, but this chapter shows that his autobiography reveals an extremely versatile writer whose opinion mattered – and this is the persona that Father and Son projects in place of the creative artist.
An Investigation of Reality
Authors: Pooler Mhairi
Published: September 2019

Richardson’s fictionalised self-portrait in Pilgrimage explores the relationship between personal reality and aesthetic form. By comparing her technique with that of Gosse and James, chapter 5 reveals the extent to which Pilgrimage complementarily combines the traditional structures of spiritual autobiography and the Künstlerroman to supplement the limits of language’s ability to express the self. The discussion focusses heavily on Richardson’s use of language and form, showing how Pilgrimage bursts with fresh ideas and techniques that, ironically, were to establish a new tradition in the form of the stream-of-consciousness novel. It is shown that Richardson’s portrait of the artist lies as much, if not more, in the form of her writing as in the content, as she literally writes the story of herself, her apprenticeship, up to the point at which she begins to write Pilgrimage.
From Ribbonism to Hibernianism in the Post-Famine Diaspora
Authors: Hughes Kyle , MacRaild Donald M.
Published: September 2019

The chapter explores the Ribbon-style charitable associations across the Atlantic, which the exiled Confederate leaders from Ireland sought to co-opt into nationalist cause. Discussion then moves on to the Ribbon networks of 1850s Britain, where the Irish could not call on such unencumbered radical leadership. This chapter also examines some of the differences between what we might term Ribbon–Hibernians in America and in other parts of diaspora. It also considers the trend towards public Hibernian forms. In the 1860s, from Canada to New Zealand, hundreds of branches of many organisations bearing somewhere in their names the word ‘Hibernian’ became the main expression of communal Irishness.
Roman Catholic Approaches to Begging and Alms-Giving
Authors: McCabe Ciarán
Published: September 2019

This chapter analyses distinctions in how Catholic teachings on charity and good works were understood by Catholics and Protestants, with both sides perceiving disparate moral consequences for both giver and receiver in the alms-giving transaction. The exploration of Catholic
approaches to poverty, mendicancy and alms-giving are presented in two sections – the first analysing discourses, the second examining actions. Case studies are presented of the views and actions of Archbishop Daniel Murray, and Mary Aikenhead and the Religious Sisters of Charity, while the question of indiscriminate alms-giving is also considered.
Bidirectional Reconnection Outflows in an Active Region
Authors: Ruan Guiping , Schmieder Brigitte , Masson Sophie , Mein Pierre , Mein Nicole , Aulanier Guillaume , Chen Yao
Published: September 2019

We report on bidirectional coronal reconnection outflows reaching ±200 km s−1 as observed in an active region with the Si iv and C ii spectra of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The evolution of the active region with an emerging flux, a failed filament eruption, and a jet is followed in Solar Dynamical Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) filters from 304 to 94 Å, IRIS slit jaw images, and SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager movies. The bidirectional outflow reconnection is located at a bright point visible in multiwavelength AIA filters above an arch filament system. This suggests that the reconnection occurs between rising loops above the emergence of magnetic bipoles and the longer, twisted magnetic field lines remnant of the failed filament eruption one hour before. The reconnection occurs continuously in the corona between quasi-parallel magnetic field lines, which is possible in a 3D configuration. The reconnection also triggers a jet with transverse velocities around 60 km s−1. Blueshifts and redshifts along its axis confirm the existence of a twist along the jet, which could have been transferred from the filament flux rope. The jet finally blows up the material of the filament before coming back during the second phase. In the Hα Dopplergrams provided by the MSDP spectrograph, we see more redshift than blueshift, indicating the return of the jet and filament plasma.
The Acceleration of Energetic Particles at Coronal Shocks and Emergence of a Double Power-law Feature in Particle Energy Spectra
Authors: Kong Xiangliang , Guo Fan , Chen Yao , Giacalone Joe
Published: September 2019

We present numerical modeling of particle acceleration at coronal shocks propagating through a streamer-like magnetic field by solving the Parker transport equation with spatial diffusion both along and across the magnetic field. We show that the location on the shock where the high-energy particle intensity is the largest, depends on the energy of the particles and on time. The acceleration of particles to more than 100 MeV mainly occurs in the shock-streamer interaction region, due to perpendicular shock geometry and the trapping effect of closed magnetic fields. A comparison of the particle spectra to that in a radial magnetic field shows that the intensity at 100 MeV (200 MeV) is enhanced by more than one order (two orders) of magnitude. This indicates that the streamer-like magnetic field can be an important factor in producing large solar energetic particle events. We also show that the energy spectrum integrated over the simulation domain consists of two different power laws. Further analysis suggests that it may be a mixture of two distinct populations accelerated in the streamer and open field regions, where the acceleration rate differs substantially. Our calculations also show that the particle spectra are affected considerably by a number of parameters, such as the streamer tilt angle, particle spatial diffusion coefficient, and shock compression ratio. While the low-energy spectra agree well with standard diffusive shock acceleration theory, the break energy ranges from ∼1 MeV to ∼90 MeV and the high-energy spectra can extend to ∼1 GeV with a slope of ∼2–3.
Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova
Authors: Lamb G. P. , Tanvir N. R. , Levan A. J. , Postigo A. de Ugarte , Kawaguchi K. , Corsi A. , Evans P. A. , Gompertz B. , Malesani D. B. , Page K. L. , Wiersema K. , Rosswog S. , Shibata M. , Tanaka M. , Horst A. J. van der , Cano Z. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Fruchter A. S. , Greiner J. , Heintz K. E. , Higgins A. , Hjorth J. , Izzo L. , Jakobsson P. , Kann D. A. , O’Brien P. T. , Perley D. A. , Pian E. , Pugliese G. , Starling R. L. C. , Thöne C. C. , Watson D. , Wijers R. A. M. J. , Xu D.
Published: September 2019

We report our identification of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of the short-duration gamma-ray burst sGRB 160821B. The spectroscopic redshift of the host is z = 0.162, making it one of the lowest redshift short-duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) identified by Swift. Our intensive follow-up campaign using a range of ground-based facilities as well as Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and Swift, shows evidence for a late-time excess of optical and near-infrared emission in addition to a complex afterglow. The afterglow light curve at X-ray frequencies reveals a narrow jet,

deg, that is refreshed at >1 day post-burst by a slower outflow with significantly more energy than the initial outflow that produced the main GRB. Observations of the 5 GHz radio afterglow shows a reverse shock into a mildly magnetized shell. The optical and near-infrared excess is fainter than AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, and is well explained by a kilonova with dynamic ejecta mass M
dyn = (1.0 ± 0.6) × 10−3
M
⊙ and a secular (post-merger) ejecta mass with M
pm = (1.0 ± 0.6) × 10−2
M
⊙, consistent with a binary neutron star merger resulting in a short-lived massive neutron star. This optical and near-infrared data set provides the best-sampled kilonova light curve without a gravitational wave trigger to date.
A Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Transiting the Late-type M Dwarf LP 791-18
Authors: Crossfield Ian J. M. , Waalkes William , Newton Elisabeth R. , Narita Norio , Muirhead Philip , Ment Kristo , Matthews Elisabeth , Kraus Adam , Kostov Veselin , Kosiarek Molly R. , Kane Stephen R. , Isaacson Howard , Halverson Sam , Gonzales Erica , Everett Mark , Dragomir Diana , Collins Karen A. , Chontos Ashley , Berardo David , Winters Jennifer G. , Winn Joshua N. , Scott Nicholas J. , Rojas-Ayala Barbara , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Petigura Erik A. , Peterson Merrin , Mocnik Teo , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Mehrle Nicholas , Matson Rachel , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Irwin Jonathan , Huber Daniel , Huang Chelsea , Howell Steve , Howard Andrew W. , Hirano Teruyuki , Fulton Benjamin J. , Dupuy Trent , Dressing Courtney D. , Dalba Paul A. , Charbonneau David , Burt Jennifer , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Benneke Björn , Watanabe Noriharu , Twicken Joseph D. , Tamura Motohide , Schlieder Joshua , Seager S. , Rose Mark E. , Ricker George , Quintana Elisa , Lépine Sébastien , Latham David W. , Kotani Takayuki , Jenkins Jon M. , Hori Yasunori , Colon Knicole , Caldwell Douglas A.
Published: September 2019

Planets occur most frequently around cool dwarfs, but only a handful of specific examples are known to orbit the latest-type M stars. Using TESS photometry, we report the discovery of two planets transiting the low-mass star called LP 791-18 (identified by TESS as TOI 736). This star has spectral type M6V, effective temperature 2960 K, and radius 0.17 R
⊙, making it the third-coolest star known to host planets. The two planets straddle the radius gap seen for smaller exoplanets; they include a 1.1R
⊕ planet on a 0.95 day orbit and a 2.3R
⊕ planet on a 5 day orbit. Because the host star is small the decrease in light during these planets’ transits is fairly large (0.4% and 1.7%). This has allowed us to detect both planets’ transits from ground-based photometry, refining their radii and orbital ephemerides. In the future, radial velocity observations and transmission spectroscopy can both probe these planets’ bulk interior and atmospheric compositions, and additional photometric monitoring would be sensitive to even smaller transiting planets.
Sur les hautes terres comme au ciel
Authors: Gascon Alain
Published: September 2019

Ce livre de géographie historique, culturelle et politique traite des recompositions territoriales et identitaires engagées en Éthiopie depuis la chute de Mängestu, en 1991.

En décrétant, en 1975, une Réforme agraire radicale, les militaires visaient plus que la redistribution de la terre, ils faisaient du « temps long table rase ». Ils rompaient avec la territorialisation fondée sur le mythe salomonien : les Éthiopiens, le Peuple élu, habitent les hautes terres, la Terre sainte. Ayant reconnu l'égalité entre les cultures et les peuples d'Éthiopie, la Révolution formait le projet de changer leur répartition et leur habitat de façon à favoriser leur fusion et l'éclosion d'un peuple « socialiste ». Cette nouvelle identité sans racine, sur un territoire devenu uniforme, brisait les liens séculaires unissant les populations et leur Terre sainte. Comme les dirigeants de l'Ancien Régime, les militaires ont sous-estimé les effets de la révolution démographique des années 1960, échoué dans la lutte contre les famines et perdu, comme lui, le pouvoir.

Le mythe biblique doit composer avec le réveil des identités « ethniques » et religieuses régionales et avec la répétition des crises de subsistance. Désormais découpée en États-régions ethnofédérales, au nom de la démocratie, et amputée de l'Érythrée, la Terre sainte n'est plus en mesure de nourrir ses enfants, toujours plus nombreux. Le temps court des événements, de l'actualité défie l'ordre voulu par Dieu sur les hautes terres.
Forêts et sociétés
Authors: Marty Pascal
Published: September 2019

Si la géographie des forêts tient une large place dans le champ de la géographie de la végétation, la question de la forêt privée reste, paradoxalement, assez peu étudiée. L’espace forestier français occupe environ 26 % du territoire et se compose de près de 70 % de forêts privées. La question des dynamiques spatiales en forêt privée ne peut donc pas être déconnectée du mode d’appropriation de l’espace. La connaissance du rôle des modes d’appropriation dans les dynamiques de la végétation et les modifications de l’espace forestier a un intérêt tant sur le plan fondamental (production de l’espace) que sur le plan appliqué (gestion de la forêt privée).

L’objectif de cet ouvrage est de proposer, autour des notions de production de l’espace et d’appropriation, une interprétation des dynamiques de la végétation en forêt qui prenne en compte le versant naturel et le versant social de la forêt privée.
Politique de l’État et développement urbain au Mexique
Authors: Musset Alain
Published: September 2019

Pour faire face à la croissance de l’urbanisation et aux besoins accrus des citadins, le gouvernement mexicain tente de mettre en place une politique d’encadrement et de soutien des villes intermédiaires, considérées comme une alternative à la prédominance de Mexico, Guadalajara et Monterrey. Mais dans un contexte économique néolibéral peu favorable aux grandes politiques d’aménagement du territoire, la marge de manœuvre de l’État semble particulièrement réduite et les actions engagées, malgré d’incontestables réussites, peuvent paraître marginales. L’exemple de Toluca, capitale de l’État de Mexico, permet de mieux comprendre les enjeux, les avancées et les limites du Programme des Cent Villes lancé en 1993 pour revitaliser des centres urbains qui regroupent aujourd’hui plus de 30 millions d’habitants.
Conclusion
Authors: Chaléard Jean-Louis , Pourtier Roland
Published: September 2019

In examining the war that prevails in Central Africa, the article asks two questions: can war be subject to geographical analysis, and is geography an explanatory factor of war? The so-called «Great Lakes» region – the highlands of the Congo-Nile crest (Rwanda, Burundi, Kivu) – has been the epicentre of extreme violence, with the Tutsi genocide of 1994 being its worst manifestation. What explanation can be provided for this situation? Demographic pressure and the political manipulations of ethnie identity may be partly responsible, but it is the global geopolitical environment that accounts for the extension of the conflict beyond Rwanda to the larger Central African «subcontinent».
L’impact des orages sur la gestion des réseaux d’eau potable et d’assainissement dans l’agglomération parisienne en 1999
Authors: Carre Catherine
Published: September 2019

L’énorme quantité et la mauvaise qualité des eaux lors des épisodes orageux est peu ou difficilement acceptée par les usines d’eau potable et les réseaux d’assainissement. Pour les usines d’eau potable, cela se traduit par un surcoût de fabrication et le risque, à moyen terme, de filières de traitement insuffisantes. Pour les réseaux d’assainissement, la volonté de limiter les déversements en Seine d’eaux excédentaires doit composer avec une gestion de plus en plus intégrée des réseaux.
Les glaciers disparus de l’Apennin
Authors: Jaurand Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

À moins de 100 km de Rome, il existe un minuscule glacier qui constitue l’unique relique d’un englacement passé beaucoup plus étendu. Au cours de campagnes de terrain menées d’un bout à l’autre de la péninsule italienne, l’auteur a recherché sur le terrain les traces du passage de ces glaciers disparus. L’étude et la cartographie des formes d’origine glaciaire ont servi à la reconstitution des limites des anciens glaciers. Au-delà, la confrontation avec les travaux des palynologues, paléoclimatologues, géologues et préhistoriens a permis à l’auteur d’établir un scénario cohérent des glaciations et phases de disparition des glaciers de l'Apennin. L'ouvrage propose pour la première fois une vision d’ensemble épurée de l’englacement passé de l’Apennin, qui est comparé à celui d’autres montagnes européennes. Accompagné de nombreuses photographies en couleurs et illustrations, clairement écrit et solidement argumenté, l’ouvrage constitue une contribution importante aux recherches de géographie physique sur les milieux méditerranéens et montagnards.
Réflexion sur les notions de territorialité et d'environnement en Méditerranée orientale : le cas de la vallée du Jourdain
Authors: Caillere Céline
Published: September 2019

Le processus de paix entre Israéliens et Palestiniens, qui a débuté depuis 1993, est plus synonyme jusqu'alors de séparation que de coopération. Dans ce contexte, il existe une forte territorialité. L'objet de cette publication, est de mener une réflexion, d'un point de vue extérieur, sur les relations qui peuvent exister entre environnement, territorialité et développement agricole dans la vallée du Jourdain (Cisjordanie et Jordanie) en fonction des différentes populations (jordanienne, israélienne, palestinienne).
Short term earthquake prediction from measurements of the electric field of the earth
Authors: Varotsos Panayiotis , Alexopoulos Konstantin , Lazaridou Maria
Published: September 2019

Depuis 1983, les stations de mesure installées par l'équipe VAN (d'après les initiales des noms de ses trois animateurs) enregistrent de brusques augmentations d'intensité des courants telluriques qui permettent, après interprétation de leurs principales caractéristiques, d'effectuer des prédictions de localisation et de magnitude des séismes dont ils paraissent les précurseurs. Les principes de la méthode sont illustrés à propos de quelques exemples. Les incertitudes de la méthode utilisée et certaines erreurs enregistrées sont analysées en vue de l'amélioration de celle-ci et pour progresser dans la compréhension des mécanismes géophysiques en cause dans l'apparition des signaux électro-sismiques (SES).
Agriculture dépendante et agriculture durable
Authors: Pierre Geneviève
Published: September 2019

Les plateaux du sud-est du Bassin parisien représentent un espace agro-exportateur en grande culture dont la dépendance par rapport à des conditions économiques, politiques et administratives extérieures est devenue beaucoup plus visible depuis que la Politique agricole commune (PAC) de 1992 a introduit le paiement direct par hectare de céréales, oléagineux et protéagineux. Dans cet espace où les rendements en grande culture sont limités, où les possibilités de diversification culturale sont rares et où la densité de main-d’œuvre est très faible, les exploitants ont mené de longue date une stratégie d’agrandissement des exploitations et des parcelles de culture, de simplification des systèmes de production. Ce schéma quasi unique de développement est devenu particulièrement rigide et difficile à modifier. Ici, la dépendance est triple : économique (marchés mondiaux des matières premières agricoles reposant sur trois productions seulement), politique ou administrative (PAC) et la dépendance par rapport à un système de production peu réversible. Quelle est la viabilité à long terme de ce système de production éloigné des exigences actuelles exprimées dans la Loi d’orientation agricole française de 1999, dans l’Agenda 2000 et dans l’accord de Luxembourg de 2003 : multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture, intégration du développement rural et agricole dans des logiques convergentes et durables ? Cependant, sur cet espace où l’agriculture raisonnée s’est épanouie, des tentatives existent pour créer une agriculture davantage territorialisée, à plus forte valeur ajoutée locale, labellisée, ce qui permettrait à la fois de réduire la dépendance extérieure, mais également de mieux articuler les logiques du développement agricole et celles du développement rural local.
Les centres sidérurgiques des rivages de la mer du Nord et leur influence sur l’organisation de l’espace
Authors: Malézieux Jacques
Published: September 2019

Avec une variabilité dans la force et l'exclusivité, due aux conditions spécifiques d'interdépendance entre l'industrie et l'espace, les centres sidérurgiques littoraux marquent la personnalité et l'organisation de leur milieu d'insertion non seulement en influençant les structures et le fonctionnement de leur économie, mais aussi en y déterminant les niveaux et les modes de vie, le cadre et la qualité de la vie.
La fabrique de la ville
Authors: Noizet Hélène
Published: September 2019

Cette étude se propose d’aborder l’espace urbain comme une construction impensée de l’activité humaine. Les pratiques et les représentations des acteurs qui s’impliquent dans la ville de Tours (les chanoines de Saint-Martin, les moines de Saint-Julien et de Marmoutier, les rois, les archevêques, les comtes...) sont examinées tout d’abord pour elles-mêmes, comme une série de moments particuliers, liés à chaque fois à des finalités spécifiques et très diverses - et en général non urbaines. Puis, elles sont mises en relation avec les caractéristiques de l’espace urbain, c’est-à-dire le parcellaire et le réseau viaire précisément décrits grâce à un système d’information géographique, en montrant qu’elles participent à structurer cet espace urbain de manière dialectique, et non causale ou immédiate. Les temporalités propres à l’activité sociale, qui ne sont pas les mêmes que celles de la structuration de l’espace urbain, interagissent néanmoins en permanence avec celles de la ville. C’est ce jeu de décalage entre des temporalités aux rythmes différents qui permet d’expliquer la morphogenèse de la ville.