bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtuous opinion change in structured groups
Authors: Bolger Fergus , Rowe Gene , Hamlin Ian , Belton Ian , Crawford Megan , Sissons Aileen , Taylor Browne Lūka Courtney , Vasilichi Alexandrina , Wright George
Published: August 2023

Although the individual has been the focus of most research into judgment and decision-making (JDM), important decisions in the real world are often made collectively rather than individually, a tendency that has increased in recent times with the opportunities for easy information exchange through the Internet. From this perspective, JDM research that factors in this social context has increased generalizability and mundane realism relative to that which ignores it. We delineate a problem-space for research within which we locate protocols that are used to study or support collective JDM, identify a common research question posed by all of these protocols—‘What are the factors leading to opinion change for the better (‘virtuous opinion change’) in individual JDM agents?’—and propose a modeling approach and research paradigm using structured groups (i.e., groups with some constraints on their interaction), for answering this question. This paradigm, based on that used in studies of judge-adviser systems, avoids the need for real interacting groups and their attendant logistical problems, lack of power, and poor experimental control. We report an experiment using our paradigm on the effects of group size and opinion diversity on judgmental forecasting performance to illustrate our approach. The study found a U-shaped effect of group size on the probability of opinion change, but no effect on the amount of virtuous opinion change. Implications of our approach for development of more externally valid empirical studies and theories of JDM, and for the design of structured-group techniques to support collective JDM, are discussed.
Attenuation of the unsteady loading on a high-rise building using top-surface open-loop control
Authors: Hu Xiao , Morgans Aimee S.
Published: August 2023

With the severity and frequency of significant weather events increasing, methods for alleviating unsteady wind loading for high-rise buildings are gaining interest. This study numerically investigates the three-dimensional flow structures around a canonical high-rise building immersed in an atmospheric boundary layer at different oncoming wind angles, using wall-resolved large eddy simulations. A synthetic jet located on the top surface is used as open-loop active actuation with the aim of suppressing the building's side-force fluctuations when exposed to oncoming wind variations. Three different frequencies of jet forcing are considered, all half an order of magnitude larger than the vortex shedding frequency. The behaviour of the synthetic jet and its effect on the building's unsteady side force, time-averaged flow fields and unsteady flow structures are investigated numerically. The synthetic jet actuation is found to reduce the side-force fluctuation of the building, enhance the downwash flow and successfully attenuate the antisymmetric vortex shedding. This was achieved to different extents across the range of oncoming wind angles considered and may motivate future attempts to explore experimental active control strategies for attenuation of unsteady wind loading.
Revisiting Legacies of Anfal and Reconsidering Genocide in the Middle East Today: Collective Memory, Victimhood, Resilience, and Enduring Trauma
Authors: Sadiq Ibrahim , Baser Bahar , McLoughlin Stephen
Published: August 2023

Since the end of World War I, the people of the Middle East have lived – from Turkey to Iraq – in a world created by Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Georges Clemenceau. From the outset, the victorious powers of the War, especially Wilson, paid lip service to the principle of self-determination in addressing various nationalities, but they soon realized this great principle can be a double-edged sword whose use could cost them dearly – in casualties as well as capital. Western and regional powers resolved this dilemma by installing a system of states in the Middle East, in the name of self-determination, which was in fact appallingly unfair and feeble. Implementation of this policy in the face of multi-ethnic milieus and complexities, where the dominant group constituted no more than 50 percent of the population, had disastrous consequences and fractured the social landscape of the region into distinct camps of winners and losers.
Poor Relief as ‘Improvement’: Moral and Spatial Economies of Care in Scotland, c.1720s–1790s
Authors: Bujokova Eliska , Desportes Juliette
Published: August 2023

This article takes as a point of departure the paucity of scholarship on Scottish poor relief, which has been predominantly depicted as an inferior and underdeveloped version of its southern counterpart. We adopt a case study approach looking at two examples of Lowland and Highland urban infrastructures of poor relief to illustrate the application of the ideology of ‘improvement’ philosophy onto the treatment of the poor between c.1720 and 1790. Situating the study within the context of Scottish ‘improvement’, we explore the ways theoretical and practical approaches towards the poor were shaped by the combination of commercial and evangelical attitudes to human capital investment and long-term reform, echoing similar developments across Europe. At the close of the eighteenth century, the Scottish system transitioned from a community based, localised system of reciprocal hierarchy operated by the parish and kirk structures to a system increasingly rooted in legalism and the concept of rights based social provision.
SSL-GAN-RoBERTa: A robust semi-supervised model for detecting Anti-Asian COVID-19 hate speech on social media
Authors: Su Xuanyu , Li Yansong , Branco Paula , Inkpen Diana
Published: August 2023

Anti-Asian speech during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a serious problem with severe consequences. A hate speech wave swept social media platforms. The timely detection of Anti-Asian COVID-19-related hate speech is of utmost importance, not only to allow the application of preventive mechanisms but also to anticipate and possibly prevent other similar discriminatory situations. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting Anti-Asian COVID-19-related hate speech from social media data. Previous approaches that tackled this problem used a transformer-based model, BERT/RoBERTa, trained on the homologous annotated dataset and achieved good performance on this task. However, this requires extensive and annotated datasets with a strong connection to the topic. Both goals are difficult to meet without employing reliable, vast, and costly resources. In this paper, we propose a robust semi-supervised model, SSL-GAN-RoBERTa, that learns from a limited heterogeneous dataset and whose performance is further enhanced by using vast amounts of unlabeled data from another related domain. Compared with the RoBERTa baseline model, the experimental results show that the model has substantial performance gains in terms of Accuracy and Macro-F1 score in different scenarios that use data from different domains. Our proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance results while efficiently using unlabeled data, showing promising applicability to other complex classification tasks where large amounts of labeled examples are difficult to obtain.
Sorry for what? Asking the right questions about the Bangladeshi liberation war and Pakistan's military operation in 1971
Authors: Qasmi Ali Usman
Published: August 2023

Three aspects of the historical memory of 1971 remain highly contentious. The first concerns the (il)legitimacy of the military operation and the description of Bengali resistance against it as ‘national liberation’. The second centres on the accusation of the Pakistani military's genocidal violence, the use of rape as a weapon, and the counter-allegation of a Bihari genocide. The third focuses on the way forward: whether this should be by forgetting the past or seeking an apology for war crimes.

This article will focus on all three aspects of the debate about the violent events of the 1971 war. Instead of writing a history of 1971 as such, I will propose a methodological framework for writing a history of the war: that of asking the right kind of questions. I invoke this method not for a correct answer, or even a different kind of history, but mainly for its interruptive power to sabotage the dominant discourse, force a moment of introspection, and open up a reflective space for the possibility of reparative justice through an intimate historical narrativisation.
The Introduction of Modern Western Philosophy in the Ottoman Empire: Armenian Thinkers
Authors: Karademir Aret
Published: August 2023

The literature on the introduction of modern Western philosophy in the late Ottoman Empire is predominantly ethnocentric. This is because it reduces the Ottoman version of modern Western philosophy to the philosophical discourses of Muslim/Turkish intellectuals at the expense of non-Muslim Ottomans’ philosophical activities in languages other than Turkish. This article challenges such ethnocentrism and offers an alternative narrative from the perspective of Ottoman Armenian thinkers in the late nineteenth century. With this aim, it analyzes the philosophical thoughts of Madatia Karakashian, Nahabed Rusinian, Kalusd Gosdantian, and Yeghia Demirjibashian.
New old ways of financing the party: exploring the commercial activities of modern political parties
Authors: Miragliotta Narelle , Manwaring Rob , Holloway Josh
Published: August 2023

The party–money nexus has long excited concerns about corruption and undue influence. However, much of the scholarship in this area has focused on the funding parties receive from external donors or the state. One area of party financing that is underexplored is that of party-controlled commercial enterprises. We examine the nature and scale of the commercial activities engaged in by the two major governing Australian parties: Labor and the Liberals. We find that while commercial activities are long-standing practices, they have diversified over time, becoming more sophisticated and professionalized. Importantly, some of these activities have become decoupled from the proper purposes of parties. The upscaling of party fundraising practices introduces new tensions for parties – both normatively and practically.
Mantle Wavespeed and Discontinuity Structure Below East Africa: Implications for Cenozoic Hotspot Tectonism and the Development of the Turkana Depression
Authors: Boyce A. , Kounoudis R. , Bastow I. D. , Cottaar S. , Ebinger C. J. , Ogden C. S.
Published: August 2023

Ethiopia's Cenozoic flood basalt magmatism, uplift, and rifting have been attributed to one or more mantle plumes. The Nubian plate, however, has drifted 500–1,000 km north since initial magmatism at ∼45 Ma, having developed above mantle that now underlies the northern Tanzania craton and the low‐lying Turkana Depression. Unfortunately, our knowledge of mantle wavespeed structure and mantle transition zone (MTZ) topography below these regions is poorest, due to a historical lack of seismograph stations. The same data gap means we lack constraints on lithospheric structure in and around the NW–SE trending Mesozoic Anza rift. We exploit data from new seismograph networks in the Turkana Depression and neighboring northern Uganda to develop AFRP22, a new African absolute P‐wavespeed tomographic model that resolves whole mantle structure along the entire East African rift system. We also map MTZ thickness using Ps receiver functions. East Africa's thinnest MTZ (∼25 km thinning) underlies the northwest Turkana Depression. AFRP22 reveals a co‐located, previously unrecognized, slow wavespeed plume tail, extending from the MTZ, deep into the lower mantle. This plume may thus have contributed, along with the African Superplume, to the development of the 45–30 Ma flood basalt province that preceded extension. Pervasive sub‐lithospheric slow wavespeeds imply that Turkana's present‐day low elevation is explained best by Mesozoic and Cenozoic‐age crustal thinning. At ∼100 km depth, AFRP22 illuminates a fast wavespeed SE Ethiopian plateau. In addition to governing the northernmost limit of Mesozoic Anza rifting, the refractory nature of this lithospheric block likely minimized Cenozoic flood basalt magmatism there.
Effects of Urban Expansion and Anthropogenic Heat Enhancement on Tropical Cyclone Precipitation in the Greater Bay Area of China
Authors: He Lunkai , Li Qinglan , Wang Yuqing , Lee Joseph H. W. , Xu Yinglong , Li Guangxin
Published: August 2023

The impact of urban expansion and anthropogenic heat (AH) enhancement on tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China is investigated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Sensitivity experiments are conducted during the landfall periods of two tropical cyclones, Hato (2017) and Mangkhut (2018), by artificially varying the surface AH flux from 0 to 600 W/m2 and the urban land surface from 1985 to 2017, respectively. Results show that the TCP in the GBA's urban region increases with both urban expansion and AH enhancement. However, in the urban downstream region, only AH enhancement causes an increase in TCP, whereas urban expansion has no significant influence on TCP. AH enhancement and urban expansion affect surface temperature, surface sensible heat flux, and surface latent heat flux, leading to changes in atmospheric instability and surface water evaporation, resulting in changes in low‐level moisture convergence. The change patterns of the vertically integrated moisture flux divergence between 850 and 910 hPa in the urban and urban downstream regions of the GBA are consistent with those of the TCP changes in this area, indicating that low‐level moisture convergence is the key factor determining the TCP changes in the region.
Air Pollution Increases COVID-19 Risks
Authors: Barbuzano Javier
Published: August 2023

A crop of new studies shows that exposure to air pollution adds days to hospital stays and increases the likelihood of death from COVID-19.
Lightning-Caused Wildfires are 80 Percent More Likely Under Dry Vegetation
Authors: Rao Krishna , Diffenbaugh Noah , Konings Alexandra , Williams A. Park , Yebra Marta , Bryant Colleen
Published: August 2023

Mimicking a randomized control trial of wildfires, scientists use satellites to uncover the key role of vegetation dryness in wildfire risk, aiding wildfire management and preparedness in California.
Implementing an Integrated Psychology Preventative Care Model in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: Lyons Emma R. , Monnin Kara S. , Ruzicka Elizabeth B. , Arcona Zachary , Naclerio Catherine , Christofferson Elizabeth Steinberg
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The initial posttransplant period is high-risk in terms of susceptibility to rejection episodes and poor medical outcomes for pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) patients. Psychologists play an important role on transplant medical teams to support patients and families in improving adherence and graft outcomes. This article describes a new psychology-integrated preventative care model implemented in 2019 and examines trends in service delivery pre- and postimplementation.

Method:

Universal health and behavior assessment and intervention were delivered to SOT (heart, liver, and kidney) patients according to a structured method of service delivery that identified distinct time points for follow-up within the first 3-year posttransplantation.

Results:

Preimplementation, the SOT psychology service delivered intervention and assessment services to 44% of patients who were transplanted during the preimplementation period; postimplementation, 97% of this patient population were seen by SOT psychology. Mean psychology contacts increased significantly postimplementation ( M = 2.55) of this new preventative care model, compared to preimplementation ( M = 1.59).

Conclusions:

Psychology support is an essential component of comprehensive pediatric SOT care. Increased psychology services posttransplantation can effectively identify and target psychosocial needs for patients and families.

Implications for Impact Statement

This article describes a new integrated preventative care model of psychology service delivery within pediatric solid organ transplant that greatly increased assessments and interventions during the vulnerable first 3-year posttransplant. This preventative care model allows pediatric psychologists to address adherence, behavioral and emotional concerns, and coping with illness to support optimal posttransplant psychological and medical outcomes.
Transcriptomic risk scores for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Llonga Natalia , Arribas Lorena , Alemany Silvia , Vilar-Ribó Laura , Demontis Ditte , Fadeuilhe Christian , Corrales Montse , Richarte Vanesa , Børglum Anders D. , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Soler Artigas María , Ribasés Marta
Published: August 2023

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. We performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) using the latest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis, in 38,691 individuals with ADHD and 186,843 controls, and 14 gene-expression reference panels across multiple brain tissues and whole blood. Based on TWAS results, we selected subsets of genes and constructed transcriptomic risk scores (TRSs) for the disorder in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals with ADHD and controls. We found evidence of association between ADHD and TRSs constructed using expression profiles from multiple brain areas, with individuals with ADHD carrying a higher burden of TRSs than controls. TRSs were uncorrelated with the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD and, in combination with PRS, improved significantly the proportion of variance explained over the PRS-only model. These results support the complementary predictive potential of genetic and transcriptomic profiles in blood and underscore the potential utility of gene expression for risk prediction and deeper insight in molecular mechanisms underlying ADHD.
Antipsychotic dose, dopamine D2 receptor occupancy and extrapyramidal side-effects: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Siafis Spyridon , Wu Hui , Wang Dongfang , Burschinski Angelika , Nomura Nobuyuki , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Schneider-Thoma Johannes , Davis John M. , Leucht Stefan
Published: August 2023

Antipsychotic drugs differ in their propensity to cause extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS), but their dose-effects are unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. We searched multiple electronic databases up to 20.02.2023 for fixed-dose studies investigating 16 second-generation antipsychotics and haloperidol (all formulations and administration routes) in adults with acute exacerbations of schizophrenia. The primary outcome was the number of participants receiving antiparkinsonian medication, and if not available, the number of participants with extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) and the mean scores of EPS rating scales were used as proxies. The effect-size was odds ratio (ORs) compared with placebo. One-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analyses with restricted cubic splines were conducted to estimate the dose-response curves. We also examined the relationship between dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) occupancy and ORs by estimating occupancies from administrated doses. We included data from 110 studies with 382 dose arms (37193 participants). Most studies were short-term with median duration of 6 weeks (range 3–26 weeks). Almost all antipsychotics were associated with dose-dependent EPS with varied degrees and the maximum ORs ranged from OR = 1.57 95%CI [0.97, 2.56] for aripiprazole to OR = 7.56 95%CI [3.16, 18.08] for haloperidol at 30 mg/d. Exceptions were quetiapine and sertindole with negligible risks across all doses. There was very low quality of findings for cariprazine, iloperidone, and zotepine, and no data for clozapine. The D2R occupancy curves showed that the risk increased substantially when D2R occupancy exceeded 75–85%, except for D2R partial agonists that had smaller ORs albeit high D2R occupancies. In conclusion, we found that the risk of EPS increases with rising doses and differs substantially in magnitude among antipsychotics, yet exceptions were quetiapine and sertindole with negligible risks. Our data provided additional insights into the current D2R therapeutic window for EPS.
NeuMa - the absolute Neuromarketing dataset en route to an holistic understanding of consumer behaviour
Authors: Georgiadis Kostas , Kalaganis Fotis P. , Riskos Kyriakos , Matta Eleftheria , Oikonomou Vangelis P. , Yfantidou Ioanna , Chantziaras Dimitris , Pantouvakis Kyriakos , Nikolopoulos Spiros , Laskaris Nikos A. , Kompatsiaris Ioannis
Published: August 2023

Neuromarketing is a continuously evolving field that utilises neuroimaging technologies to explore consumers’ behavioural responses to specific marketing-related stimulation, and furthermore introduces novel marketing tools that could complement the traditional ones like questionnaires. In this context, the present paper introduces a multimodal Neuromarketing dataset that encompasses the data from 42 individuals who participated in an advertising brochure-browsing scenario. In more detail, participants were exposed to a series of supermarket brochures (containing various products) and instructed to select the products they intended to buy. The data collected for each individual executing this protocol included: (i) encephalographic (EEG) recordings, (ii) eye tracking (ET) recordings, (iii) questionnaire responses (demographic, profiling and product related questions), and (iv) computer mouse data. NeuMa dataset has both dynamic and multimodal nature and, due to the narrow availability of open relevant datasets, provides new and unique opportunities for researchers in the field to attempt a more holistic approach to neuromarketing.
Terabyte-scale supervised 3D training and benchmarking dataset of the mouse kidney
Authors: Kuo Willy , Rossinelli Diego , Schulz Georg , Wenger Roland H. , Hieber Simone , Müller Bert , Kurtcuoglu Vartan
Published: August 2023

The performance of machine learning algorithms, when used for segmenting 3D biomedical images, does not reach the level expected based on results achieved with 2D photos. This may be explained by the comparative lack of high-volume, high-quality training datasets, which require state-of-the-art imaging facilities, domain experts for annotation and large computational and personal resources. The HR-Kidney dataset presented in this work bridges this gap by providing 1.7 TB of artefact-corrected synchrotron radiation-based X-ray phase-contrast microtomography images of whole mouse kidneys and validated segmentations of 33 729 glomeruli, which corresponds to a one to two orders of magnitude increase over currently available biomedical datasets. The image sets also contain the underlying raw data, threshold- and morphology-based semi-automatic segmentations of renal vasculature and uriniferous tubules, as well as true 3D manual annotations. We therewith provide a broad basis for the scientific community to build upon and expand in the fields of image processing, data augmentation and machine learning, in particular unsupervised and semi-supervised learning investigations, as well as transfer learning and generative adversarial networks.
Impact of Navier’s slip and MHD on laminar boundary layer flow with heat transfer for non-Newtonian nanofluid over a porous media
Authors: Maranna T. , Sachhin S. M. , Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Hatami M.
Published: August 2023

The current studies analytically summarize the impact of magnetohydrodynamic and thermal radiation on the non-Newtonian continuous uniform motion of viscid non-compressible nanofluid across a penetrable stretching/shrinking sheet, even though accomplish Navier's first and second order slips along mass transpiration. Blood-bearing silver and copper nanomaterials have distinct flow and heat transfer properties when exposed to heat. Silver (Ag) as well as copper (Cu) nanoparticles are assumed to be present in blood as the non-Newtonian liquid; this fluid serves as the base. We anticipate that the current study will be useful in fields including food, petrochemical products, and medicines, as well as blood circulation, and highly beneficial for patients who are dealing with blood clotting in the uterus, which may result in infertility or cancer, to evaluate the blood flow in the tube. Employing the similarity conversion technique, the ruling partial differential equations are modified into a couple of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Then the transformed ordinary differential equations are analytically solved with the Laplace transformation and expressed in terms of an incomplete gamma function. The current analytical results are compared to previous studies. It is addressed how several physical features such as magnetic field M, Navier’s first and second order slip, permeability, Prandtl number Pr, and radiation parameter affect non-dimensional velocity as well as temperature patterns through graphs. The results obtained reveal that there is an enhancement in the rate of heat transfer with the rise in nanoparticle volume fraction and radiation. The temperature distribution is also influenced by the presence of Prandtl numbers, radiation, solid volume fraction, permeability, and slip conditions. This shows that the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles can be used to control the behaviour of heat transfer and nanofluid flows.
Toward a stable and low-resource PLM-based medical diagnostic system via prompt tuning and MoE structure
Authors: Dong Bowen , Wang Zhuo , Li Zhenyu , Duan Zhichao , Xu Jiacheng , Pan Tengyu , Zhang Rui , Liu Ning , Li Xiuxing , Wang Jie , Liu Caiyan , Dong Liling , Mao Chenhui , Gao Jing , Wang Jianyong
Published: August 2023

Machine learning (ML) has been extensively involved in assistant disease diagnosis and prediction systems to emancipate the serious dependence on medical resources and improve healthcare quality. Moreover, with the booming of pre-training language models (PLMs), the application prospect and promotion potential of machine learning methods in the relevant field have been further inspired. PLMs have recently achieved tremendous success in diverse text processing tasks, whereas limited by the significant semantic gap between the pre-training corpus and the structured electronic health records (EHRs), PLMs cannot converge to anticipated disease diagnosis and prediction results. Unfortunately, establishing connections between PLMs and EHRs typically requires the extraction of curated predictor variables from structured EHR resources, which is tedious and labor-intensive, and even discards vast implicit information.In this work, we propose an Input Prompting and Discriminative language model with the Mixture-of-experts framework (IPDM) by promoting the model’s capabilities to learn knowledge from heterogeneous information and facilitating the feature-aware ability of the model. Furthermore, leveraging the prompt-tuning mechanism, IPDM can inherit the impacts of the pre-training in downstream tasks exclusively through minor modifications. IPDM remarkably outperforms existing models, proved by experiments on one disease diagnosis task and two disease prediction tasks. Finally, experiments with few-feature and few-sample demonstrate that IPDM achieves significant stability and impressive performance in predicting chronic diseases with unclear early-onset characteristics or sudden diseases with insufficient data, which verifies the superiority of IPDM over existing mainstream methods, and reveals the IPDM can powerfully address the aforementioned challenges via establishing a stable and low-resource medical diagnostic system for various clinical scenarios.
Development and verification of a nomogram for predicting short-term mortality in elderly ischemic stroke populations
Authors: Jin Guangyong , Hu Wei , Zeng Longhuan , Diao Mengyuan , Chen Hui , Chen Jiayi , Gu Nanyuan , Qiu Kai , Lv Huayao , Pan Lu , Xi Shaosong , Zhou Menglu , Liang Dongcheng , Ma Buqing
Published: August 2023

Stroke is a major healthcare problem worldwide, particularly in the elderly population. Despite limited research on the development of prediction models for mortality in elderly individuals with ischemic stroke, our study aimed to address this knowledge gap. By leveraging data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database, we collected comprehensive raw data pertaining to elderly patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Through meticulous screening of clinical variables associated with 28-day mortality, we successfully established a robust nomogram. To assess the performance and clinical utility of our nomogram, various statistical analyses were conducted, including the concordance index, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification index (NRI), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Our study comprised a total of 1259 individuals, who were further divided into training (n = 894) and validation (n = 365) cohorts. By identifying several common clinical features, we developed a nomogram that exhibited a concordance index of 0.809 in the training dataset. Notably, our findings demonstrated positive improvements in predictive performance through the IDI and NRI analyses in both cohorts. Furthermore, calibration curves indicated favorable agreement between the predicted and actual incidence of mortality (P > 0.05). DCA curves highlighted the substantial net clinical benefit of our nomogram compared to existing scoring systems used in routine clinical practice. In conclusion, our study successfully constructed and validated a prognostic nomogram, which enables accurate short-term mortality prediction in elderly individuals with ischemic stroke.
Tracing the formation of exceptional fronts driving historical fires in Southeast Australia
Authors: Magaritz-Ronen Leehi , Raveh-Rubin Shira
Published: August 2023

Extreme cold fronts are closely associated with the spread of large wildfires in Australia. The strength of a front is determined by the drop in temperature across it, which will in turn be determined by the warm and cold temperature anomalies on either side of the front. Here, we examine the Black Saturday and Ash Wednesday fires in southeast Australia through a Lagrangian decomposition framework, exploring the origin of the potential temperature anomalies that formed these extreme cold fronts. We identify the contributions of three processes: an initial anomaly at the origin, adiabatic transport of climatologically different air, and diabatic heating along the air-parcel trajectory. We find that on both sides of the cold front descending trajectories contribute to the extreme anomalies. In the warm sector, positive anomalies arrive with descending trajectories from the Indian Ocean. In the cold sector, negative anomalies are dominated by strongly descending dry intrusions forming as part of the cyclonic system. The dry intrusions advect colder air, overcompensating for its adiabatic warming during its descent. Identification of the precursors and the mechanisms contributing to extreme cold fronts associated with large wildfires can improve the forecast of such events and help evaluate them in future climate projections.
Aerosolization flux, bio-products, and dispersal capacities in the freshwater microalga Limnomonas gaiensis (Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Tesson Sylvie V. M. , Barbato Marta , Rosati Bernadette
Published: August 2023

Little is known on the spreading capacities of Limnomonas gaiensis across freshwater lakes in Northern Europe. In this study, we show that the species could successfully be aerosolized from water sources by bubble bursting (2-40 particles.cm−3), irrespectively of its density in the water source or of the jet velocity used to simulate wave breaking. The species viability was impacted by both water turbulences and aerosolization. The survival rate of emitted cells was low, strain-specific, and differently impacted by bubble busting processes. The entity “microalga and bionts” could produce ethanol, and actively nucleate ice (principally ≤−18 °C) mediated soluble ice nucleation active proteins, thereby potentially impacting smog and cloud formation. Moreover, smallest strains could better cope with applied stressors. Survival to short-term exposure to temperatures down to −21 °C and freezing events further suggest that L. gaiensis could be air dispersed and contribute to their deposition.
13C- and 15N-labeling of amyloid-β and inhibitory peptides to study their interaction via nanoscale infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Paul Suman , Jeništová Adéla , Vosough Faraz , Berntsson Elina , Mörman Cecilia , Jarvet Jüri , Gräslund Astrid , Wärmländer Sebastian K. T. S. , Barth Andreas
Published: August 2023

Interactions between molecules are fundamental in biology. They occur also between amyloidogenic peptides or proteins that are associated with different amyloid diseases, which makes it important to study the mutual influence of two polypeptides on each other’s properties in mixed samples. However, addressing this research question with imaging techniques faces the challenge to distinguish different polypeptides without adding artificial probes for detection. Here, we show that nanoscale infrared spectroscopy in combination with 13C, 15N-labeling solves this problem. We studied aggregated amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and its interaction with an inhibitory peptide (NCAM1-PrP) using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy. Although having similar secondary structure, labeled and unlabeled peptides could be distinguished by comparing optical phase images taken at wavenumbers characteristic for either the labeled or the unlabeled peptide. NCAM1-PrP seems to be able to associate with or to dissolve existing Aβ fibrils because pure Aβ fibrils were not detected after mixing.
Revealing protonation states and tracking substrate in serine hydroxymethyltransferase with room-temperature X-ray and neutron crystallography
Authors: Drago Victoria N. , Campos Claudia , Hooper Mattea , Collins Aliyah , Gerlits Oksana , Weiss Kevin L. , Blakeley Matthew P. , Phillips Robert S. , Kovalevsky Andrey
Published: August 2023

Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes utilize a vitamin B6-derived cofactor to perform a myriad of chemical transformations on amino acids and other small molecules. Some PLP-dependent enzymes, such as serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), are promising drug targets for the design of small-molecule antimicrobials and anticancer therapeutics, while others have been used to synthesize pharmaceutical building blocks. Understanding PLP-dependent catalysis and the reaction specificity is crucial to advance structure-assisted drug design and enzyme engineering. Here we report the direct determination of the protonation states in the active site of Thermus thermophilus SHMT (TthSHMT) in the internal aldimine state using room-temperature joint X-ray/neutron crystallography. Conserved active site architecture of the model enzyme TthSHMT and of human mitochondrial SHMT (hSHMT2) were compared by obtaining a room-temperature X-ray structure of hSHMT2, suggesting identical protonation states in the human enzyme. The amino acid substrate serine pathway through the TthSHMT active site cavity was tracked, revealing the peripheral and cationic binding sites that correspond to the pre-Michaelis and pseudo-Michaelis complexes, respectively. At the peripheral binding site, the substrate is bound in the zwitterionic form. By analyzing the observed protonation states, Glu53, but not His residues, is proposed as the general base catalyst, orchestrating the retro-aldol transformation of L-serine into glycine.
Effect of strontium substitution on functional activity of phosphate-based glass
Authors: Ryu Jeong-Hyun , Mangal Utkarsh , Lee Myung-Jin , Seo Ji-Young , Jeong Il Jun , Park Jin-Young , Na Ji-Yeong , Lee Kee-Joon , Yu Hyung-Seog , Cha Jae-Kook , Kwon Jae-Sung , Choi Sung-Hwan
Published: August 2023

The optimization of strontium-substituted phosphate-based glass (PSr) can augment the bioactive cellular response by enhancing osteogenic differentiation and resisting the pro-inflammatory cytokine and improve the regenerative healing response.
The rate-limiting procedure of 3D DNA walkers and their applications in tandem technology
Authors: Ma Hongmin , Chen Long , Lv Jingnan , Yan Xiaoyu , Li Yonghao , Xu Guoxin
Published: August 2023

DNA walkers, artificial dynamic DNA nanomachines, can mimic actin to move rapidly along a predefined nucleic acid track.
The rise of metal–organic framework based micromotors
Authors: Bujalance-Fernández Javier , Jurado-Sánchez Beatriz , Escarpa Alberto
Published: August 2023

Metal organic frameworks meet self-propelled micromotors for on-the move applications to solve complex challenges.
Photochemically induced formation of adhesive hydrogels from sodium alginate, acrylamide, and iron sandwich complexes
Authors: Sokolov Alexey S. , Korabelnikova Victoria A. , Ananikov Valentine P. , Michurov Dmitrii A. , Lozinsky Vladimir I. , Perekalin Dmitry S.
Published: August 2023

A new method for the controlled formation of alginate hydrogels was developed using the release of iron ions from the organometallic complex under visible light irradiation.
Mimicking enzymatic cation–π interactions in hydrazide catalyst design: access to trans-decalin frameworks
Authors: Warnica Josephine M. , Gleason James L.
Published: August 2023

Terphenyl hydrazide catalysts simultaneously activate enals towards polyene cyclization and stabilize intermediates by cation–π interactions to provide trans-decalins in high enantioselectivity.
A theoretical study on the surface reaction of tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium on titanium oxide
Authors: Kim Hye-Lee , Hidayat Romel , Khumaini Khabib , Lee Won-Jun
Published: August 2023

The chemisorption of TDMAT was simulated by DFT using a TiO2 slab model. Three NMe2 ligands would be released with low activation energies to form the surface species of –TiNMe2*.
A theoretical study of the reaction of borata derivatives of benzene, anthracene and pentacene with CO2
Authors: Ferrer Maxime , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Oliva-Enrich Josep M.
Published: August 2023

Reaction of 1-methylboratabenzene, 9-methyl-9-borataanthracene andcisandtransdiboratapentacene with CO2has been studied. The results predict theanti/synselectivity found experimentally in thecis- andtrans-diboratapentacene reaction with CO2.
Controlled Ni doping on a g-C3N4/CuWO4 photocatalyst for improved hydrogen evolution
Authors: Basyach Purashri , Deb Jyotirmoy , Sk Saddam , Pal Ujjwal , Gogoi Madhulekha , Sastry G. Narahari , Saikia Lakshi
Published: August 2023

The development of a low-cost, environment-friendly and suitable semiconductor-based heterogeneous photocatalyst poses a great challenge towards extremely competent and substantial hydrogen evolution.
Amplified spontaneous emission from a liquid crystalline phase: anisotropic property and active modulation
Authors: Tsutsui Yusuke , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Seki Shu
Published: August 2023

Actively modulated amplified spontaneous emission was observed from a liquid crystalline blend C4alkyne-HBT/5CB where the concentration quenching of excited states was avoided by molecular design of excited state intermolecular proton transfer.
Fabrication of low-cost and flexible perovskite solar cells by slot-die coating for indoor applications
Authors: Teixeira Cristina , Fuentes-Pineda Rosinda , Andrade Luísa , Mendes Adélio , Forgács Dávid
Published: August 2023

Optimization of a fabrication procedure compatible with large-scale production of flexible perovskite solar cells by slot-die coating in ambient atmosphere at 1 m min−1. A maximum efficiency of 19% at 1000 lux was obtained using a carbon electrode.
En route to local glioblastoma treatment with temozolomide doped hyaluronan fibres: formulation and in vitro cell studies
Authors: Belhajová Marie , Vícha Aleš , Burgert Ladislav , Brožková Iveta , Michalíčková Ludmila , Hrdina Radim , Moravec Tomáš , Netuka David , Musil Zdeněk , Hrdina Radim
Published: August 2023

We report the preparation, characterisation and in vitro tests of hyaluronan fibres containing up to 50 w/w% of temozolomide for local glyoblastoma treatment.
Chloroacetamide fragment library screening identifies new scaffolds for covalent inhibition of the TEAD·YAP1 interaction
Authors: Bum-Erdene Khuchtumur , Ghozayel Mona K. , Zhang Mark J. , Gonzalez-Gutierrez Giovanni , Meroueh Samy O.
Published: August 2023

Screening of reactive chloroacetamide fragments yields covalent allosteric inhibitors of TEAD binding to YAP1. Follow-up time- and concentration-dependent characterization of novel inhibitor scaffolds is reported.
Prospects of nanoparticle-based radioenhancement for radiotherapy
Authors: Gerken Lukas R. H. , Gerdes Maren E. , Pruschy Martin , Herrmann Inge K.
Published: August 2023

Inorganic nanomaterials show promising potential for radiotherapy enhancement. This article provides a concise summary of mechanisms involved, materials designs and future prospects of nanoparticle-based radioenhancement for precision medicine.
Molecular insights into the temperature and pressure dependence of mechanical behavior and dynamics of Na-montmorillonite clay
Authors: Ghazanfari Sarah , Alesadi Amirhadi , Liao Yangchao , Zhang Yida , Xia Wenjie
Published: August 2023

This study explores the tensile behavior and dynamical heterogeneity of sodium montmorillonite under extreme conditions using molecular dynamics simulations, providing insights to advance the development of clay minerals for engineering applications.
Red emitting carbon dots: surface modifications and bioapplications
Authors: Benner Dawson , Yadav Pankaj , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: August 2023

Steps involved in red CD use begin with the synthesis methods chosen. Surface modification is carried out either during synthesis or afterwards; following this process, the CDs can be used for many biological applications.
Experimental and theoretical study of α-acetoxylation of ketones by (diacetoxy)iodobenzene
Authors: Quintana-Romero O. J. , Hernández-Tanguma A. , Camacho-Ruiz J. , Ariza-Castolo A.
Published: August 2023

We explored the mechanism of the reaction of monoacetoxylation and diacetoxylation of α-ketones based on the experimental and theoretical insight.
[(CH3)2NH2]2PdBr4, a layered hybrid halide perovskite semiconductor with improved optical and electrical properties
Authors: Trabelsi Kawther , Drissi Nidhal , Hajlaoui Fadhel , Zighrioui Mustapha , Rhaiem Abdallah , Audebrand Nathalie , Roisnel Thierry , Karim Karoui
Published: August 2023

Inspired by the success of three-dimensional hybrid perovskites (CH3NH3)PbX3(X = Cl, Br, I), two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides have drawn immense attention due to their highly tunable physical properties.
Recent advances in exsolved perovskite oxide construction: exsolution theory, modulation, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Sun Zhao , Hao Chencun , Toan Sam , Zhang Rongjun , Li Hongwei , Wu Yu , Liu Hanzi , Sun Zhiqiang
Published: August 2023

This review summarizes the existing exsolution theory and collates the approach to control the exsolution from internal and external factors, providing new implications for exsolved perovskite catalyst exploitation.
Correction: Improving the selectivity of hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation for vanillin by using vacancy-coupled Ru–N3 single atoms immobilized on defective boron nitride
Authors: Fan Haoxiang , Qin Fengjuan , Yuan Qi , Sun Zhiyi , Gu Hongfei , Xu Wenjing , Tang Hao , Liu Shuhu , Wang Yu , Chen Wenxing , Li Jia , Zhai Huazhang
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Improving the selectivity of hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation for vanillin by using vacancy-coupled Ru–N3 single atoms immobilized on defective boron nitride’ by Haoxiang Fan et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ta01384g.
Layer-wise physicochemical and elemental distribution in an urban river water, Bangladesh: potential pollution, sources, and human health risk assessment
Authors: Kormoker Tapos , Islam Md. Saiful , Siddique Md. Abu Bakar , Kumar Sazal , Phoungthong Khamphe , Kabir Md Humayun , Iqubal Kazi Farhed , Kumar Rakesh , Ali Mir Mohammad , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
Published: August 2023

Surface and deep water samples of the Buriganga River were measured to assess the water quality, pollution level, elemental sources, and their potential ecological and human health risks.
Harnessing neutrophil plasticity for HCC immunotherapy
Authors: Ramon-Gil Erik , Geh Daniel , Leslie Jack
Published: August 2023

Neutrophils, until recently, have typically been considered a homogeneous population of terminally differentiated cells with highly conserved functions in homeostasis and disease. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) are predominantly thought to play a pro-tumour role, promoting all aspects of HCC development and progression. Recent developments in single-cell technologies are now providing a greater insight and appreciation for the level of cellular heterogeneity displayed by TANs in the HCC tumour microenvironment, which we have been able to correlate with other TAN signatures in datasets for gastric cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). TANs with classical pro-tumour signatures have been identified as well as neutrophils primed for anti-tumour functions that, if activated and expanded, could become a potential therapeutic approach. In recent years, therapeutic targeting of neutrophils in HCC has been typically focused on impairing the recruitment of pro-tumour neutrophils. This has now been coupled with immune checkpoint blockade with the aim to stimulate lymphocyte-mediated anti-tumour immunity whilst impairing neutrophil-mediated immunosuppression. As a result, neutrophil-directed therapies are now entering clinical trials for HCC. Pharmacological targeting along with ex vivo reprogramming of neutrophils in HCC patients is, however, in its infancy and a greater understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity, with a view to exploit it, may pave the way for improved immunotherapy outcomes. This review will cover the recent developments in our understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity in HCC and how neutrophils can be harnessed to improve HCC immunotherapy.
Maiden application of TIDμ1NDμ2 controller for effective load frequency control of non‐linear two‐area power system
Authors: Tabak Abdulsamed , Duman Serhat
Published: August 2023

In the paper, the maiden application of Tilted Integral Fractional Derivative with Filter plus Fractional Derivative controller (), called TIFDNFD controller, is proposed to achieve load frequency control (LFC) of two area‐multi source power system. In the study, both areas include thermal power, hydropower, and gas turbine power systems. In this study, generation rate constraint and governor dead‐band are integrated into the power system to evaluate the performance of the controller in a non‐linear environment. The wild horse optimizer (WHO) is used for controller parameter tuning in the LFC problem for the first time. The performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated by comparing it with the recently published studies including different controllers. In this study, to obtain more realistic results, solar photovoltaic (PV) power, wind power, and load demand with stochastic form have been added to the power system. In addition, the dynamic effect of the hydrogen storage system, consisting of an electrolyser and a fuel cell, is considered a grid supporter. The superiority of the WHO algorithm in optimization has been verified by comparing it with three optimization algorithms recently proposed. Finally, the resilience and robustness of the power system are evaluated in perturbed system parameters.