bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Postnatal Care Services among the Rural Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Nayan Shafia Khatun , Begum Nasreen , Abid Mumtaz Rahman , Rahman Sanjida , Rajib Ahsanul Kabir , Farzana Nashid , Nahar MST Laizuman
Published: May 2017

Background : Low utilization of routine postnatal care (PNC) is an important determinant of high maternal and neonatal mortality in Bangladesh.Objective : To determine the utilization of post-natal care services among the rural women in a selected area in Bangladesh.Methodology : During October 2015 to March 2016 a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 married women of reproductive age who had a live baby below 5years of age. Sample was selected purposively from village Islampur in Dhamrai Upzilla under Dhaka district. After taking informed consent data were collected by face to face interview using structured questionnaire.Results : The study revealed that 73.50% of the respondents utilized PNC services among them 55.10% took PNC for less than 3 times and 28.57% took PNC for more than 3 times during postnatal period. Most of them 86% were house wife; age between 25-30 years. About 35% respondents were educated up to secondary level and 31.5% were from middle economic group. In this study 79.50% respondents received Antenatal care and advice for Post-Natal Care (PNC) Source of information for PNC was 32.5% from health workers. Fifty nine percent respondents took PNC on combined decision of husband and wife. A significant number of respondents 61.91% received postnatal care at Upazilla Health Complex. Most of the respondents 73.47% found health care provider available on duty and good behavior were found by 72.11% respondents. Among respondents 62.59% attended Health Centre by walking. Only 59.86% respondents got free PNC service. Regarding importance of PNC 67.5% believed for healthy mother and 12.5% for healthy baby.Conclusions : Post Natal Care service utilization was satisfactory (73.50%) in the study area which is higher than the national figure (36%). The findings of the study clearly showed that female education, monthly household income, antenatal care utilization, distance of health center turned out important factors in determining the postpartum care utilization among the mothers. Availability and interaction with health care providers also affected the postpartum care utilization in the study population.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(2) January 2017: 208-212
Pattern of childhood tuberculosis among the patients admitted in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital
Authors: Sultana Akhand Tanzih , Gathia Ribika , Huda Md Mahmudul , Begum Jostna Ara , Kamruzzaman - , Amin Md Ruhul
Published: May 2017

Background : Tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious threat to public health throughout the world but disproportionately afflicts low-income nations. Every year 8.7 million people are affected by TB in the world and six to 10 per cent of them are children.Objective : The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of childhood tuberculosis (TB) among the patients admitted in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital.Methods : All inpatient diagnosed TB cases (age 0-15 years) who registered in DOTS clinic of Dhaka Shishu Hospital for treatment of tuberculosis during January, 2015 to December, 2015 were included in this prospective study. Total 91 patients of either sex were enrolled. After taking informed consent data were collected on demographic profile, clinical profile and mortality rate. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16.Results : The most common form of TB was EPTB (67.03%) followed by PTB (32.97%). The common age group was 1- 5 years in both extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Male predominance was seen in (EPTB) cases. EPTB was predominantly meningeal (27.8%). Case fatality rate was 14.29%. Mortalities were more common beetween1-5 years of age and among them 4 were females (30.77%) and 9 were males (69.23%).Tubercular meningitis (TBM) was the main cause of death which comprised 6.59%.Conclusion : In this study Tuberculosis was common in younger age. EPTB was common in the children, which was predominantly tubercular meningitis. The majority of mortalities occurred due to tubercular meningitis.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(2) January 2017: 213-215
Aetiology and outcome of Hypernatremia in Post Diarrhoeal Acute Kidney Injury in Children An Experience in Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Afroz Shireen , Ferdous Tahmina , Sharmin Tania , Hossain Nasir
Published: May 2017

Background : Hypernatremia (serum sodium 150mmol/L) is one of the most life-threatening complications of childhood diarrhoea, Acute kidney injury(AKI) when associated with hypernatremia results increased mortality and long term morbidity.Objectives : Our objective was to find out the aetiology and outcome of hypernatremia in post diarrhoeal AKI in children in a teaching hospital in Bangladesh.Methods : This prospective observational study was conducted over 06 months in the Paediatric Nephrology Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. A total of 15 children withpost diarrhoeal AKI withhypernatremia were evaluated.AKI staging was done by pRIFLE criteria. Hypernatremia was classified into mild, moderate and severe gradings. All patients were treated conservatively and with Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD) as needed. Fluid adjustment was done according to serum sodium level.At the end of the study, samples were divided in to survive and death groups depending on outcome.Results : Age of the children ranged from 2 months to 18months. Ninety three percent cases were under 1 year.Forty seven percent patients were in Failure stage of AKI, 47%in Injury and 1 patient in Risk stage.Out of 15 cases 93% had severe hypernatremia. In 67% casesthe causes of hypernatremia were intake of concentrated oral rehydration solution (ORS) and found more in winter season. Regardless of cause overall 47% survived with normal renal functions and 53% died.Conclusion : Intake of concentrated ORS and diarrhoea during winter seasona are the most important cause of hypernatremia in infancy. Hypernatremia with AKI stage III (Failure) had poorest outcome.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(2) January 2017: 224-227
Comparison of the efficacy of Solifenacin Succinate and Tolterodine for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Hallaz Mohammad Monsur , Yasmeen BH Nazma , Sultana Nadia , Akter Mahfuza , Basher Nurul Alam
Published: May 2017

Background : Overactive Bladder Syndrome(OAB) is not an uncommon problem. Although exact incidence of this disease in our country is not known but a significant number of people suffering from this disease seek treatment at the Urology department of different hospitals. At present two common antimuscarinic drug Solifenacin Succinate and Tolterodine are available in our country for the treatment of OAB.Objective : To compare the efficacy of Solifenacin Succinate and Tolterodine to treat OAB.Methodology : This hospital based randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and a private hospital from January 2009 to December 2010 to compare the efficacy of two new generation antimuscarinics, Solifenacin succinate and Tolterodine at their recommended doses for the treatment of OAB.Results : After 3 months of treatment it has clearly shown that Solifenacin is more effective in reducing OAB symptoms compared with extended release preparation of Tolterodine. This include statistically significant reduction in episodes of frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, nocturia and significant improvement of voided volume.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(2) January 2017: 231-234
Tourists' Perspectives on Dolphin Watching in Bocas Del Toro, Panama
Authors: Sitar Ashley , May-Collado Laura J. , Wright Andrew , Peters-Burton Erin , Rockwood Larry , Parsons E. C. M.
Published: May 2017

The small resident population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Dolphin Bay, Bocas del Toro, is the target of the largest dolphin-watching industry in Panama. Previous work has shown that intense dolphin-watching activity is negatively affecting this dolphin population.
Thus, understanding tourist's preferences and views on dolphin watching may help to develop marketing and management strategies that can reduce the impact of this activity on the resident dolphin population. To generate this information, we interviewed a total of 129 tourists who were primarily
first-time visitors to Bocas del Toro. Of these, 45% had been on a dolphin-watching trip locally, and a further 11% were planning to take a trip. Overall, tourists participating in these tours expressed low levels of satisfaction with local dolphin-watching practices due to the high density
of boats present and their mode of approach to the animals. The majority of tourists stated that they would prefer a dolphinwatching trip on which the operator used good dolphin-watching practices, had licensed staff, and provided ecological information about the dolphins. These results indicate
an urgent need to restructure the tourism industry in Bocas del Toro towards trips that are aligned with tourist interests and local conservation efforts. Such changes could significantly reduce the impact that unnecessarily high intensity dolphin watching is having on this small population
of bottlenose dolphins. Simultaneously, this would increase tourist satisfaction and contribute to marine mammal conservation.
Years of potential life lost due to motorcycle accidents
Authors: Fernandes Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença , Melo Rosana Alves de , Lemos Roseane Da Silva , Xavier Saulo Bezerra , Santos Joebson Maurílio Alves dos , Arruda Rodrigo Gomes de , Caldas Júnior Arnaldo De França , Menezes Tatiane Almeida de
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Traffic accidents represent a serious public health problem, because they kill approximately 1.24 million persons annually, and leave another 20 to 50 million with non-fatal lesions and traumatisms worldwide. In Brazil, in the year 2011, motorcyclists alone were responsible for one third of these deaths. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the years of potential life lost due to motorcycle accidents, according to sex and age group, and analyze the trend of the indicator for the state of Pernambuco in the period from 2005 to 2014.

Methods and Results an ecological study based on data from the System of Information about Mortality was used. The indicator and rate were calculated by using the age limit of 70 years. The linear regression model and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used, at the level of significance of 5% and confidence of 95%. The most affected sex and age-range were men between 20-29 years of age. The rates followed a trend of growth in both sexes, in the young population with the exception of those from 10 to 19 years of age.

Conclusions: This context points out the magnitude and precociousness of motorcycle accidents in both sexes and the young population.
Care Network For The Elderly With Alzheimer’s Disease In The View Of Primary Care Nurses
Authors: Nogueira Matheus Figuereido , Costa Ana Rafaella Araújo , Alves Maria Do Socorro Costa Feitosa , Trigueiro Janaína Vön Sohsten , Andrade Luciana Dantas Farias De , Freire Roberta De Miranda Henriques , Medeiros Ana Camila Araújo De , Antunes Maria Josenilda Félix Sousa , Lucena Irapuan Medeiros De , Costa Rita De Cássia Araújo , Costa Nathália Nagle Araújo , Correa Luana Caroline De Assunçao Cortez , Medeiros Genário Cristino Dantas De , Pinheiro Magda Ione
Published: May 2017

Objective: to build a care network for the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease from the view of nurses of the Family Health Strategy (FHS).

Method: exploratory qualitative study, developed with seven nurses from the FHS in the city of Santa Cruz, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. After obtaining a favorable opinion of the Ethics Committee of the Alcides Carneiro University Hospital (CAAE nº 31307314.9.0000.5182), data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to the Collective Subject Discourse.

Results: for an effective care network to the elderly with Alzheimer, some elements are necessary, such as: care in the three levels of complexity, family support, complementary diagnostic center, pharmaceutical services, continuing education, intersectionality and group of caregivers.

Conclusions: when the care to the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease is performed in an articulated manner between the multiples axes that compose the network, it clarifies the caring process, facilitates the decision making, directs care, guarantee a comprehensive care and greatly reduce the deficits associated with this disease.

Key-Words: Alzheimer’s disease; Family Health Strategy; Health Care Network.
Finite approximation of stably compact spaces
Authors: Smyth M.B. , Webster J.
Published: May 2017

Finite approximation of spaces by inverse sequences of graphs (in the category of so-called topological graphs) was introduced by Smyth, and developed further. The idea was subsequently taken up by Kopperman and Wilson, who developed their own purely topological approach using inverse spectra of finite T0-spaces in the category of stably compact spaces. Both approaches are, however, restricted to the approximation of (compact) Hausdorff spaces and therefore cannot accommodate, for example, the upper space and (multi-) function space constructions. We present a new method of finite approximation of stably compact spaces using finite stably compact graphs, which when the topology is discrete are simply finite directed graphs. As an extended example, illustrating the problems involved, we study (ordered spaces and) arcs.
Do Paradoxes Prompt Better Attention and Recall? Implications for Publishing and Disseminating Academic Research
Authors: Douglas Yellowlees
Published: May 2017

In today’s noisy media environment, researchers and the public alike find themselves inundated with information. Yet studies that find their way into high impact-factor journals and into the mainstream media often share a common feature—findings that contain some elements of a paradox. Moreover, paradoxes create surprise in the most seasoned experts, and surprise turns out to be a powerful driver of curiosity, interest, and recall. This study measured the effects of paradoxes on readers’ comprehension of three versions of a news story representing academic research, containing explicit, implicit, and no paradox conditions. After reading, 98 undergraduate students enrolled in a business communication course responded to a question measuring their comprehension of one of the three versions of the passage both immediately after reading and after 3-5 days’ recall, without re-exposure to the passage. Immediately after reading, 95% of readers of the paradox-explicit passage correctly grasped the gist of the study, compared with 14% of readers of the paradox-implicit version and only 4% of readers of the no-paradox version. Moreover, 3-5 days later, 55% of paradox-explicit readers correctly identified the meaning of the study, compared with only 7% of paradox-implicit readers. These findings may demonstrate the effects of incongruity, controversy, and surprise on curiosity and recall. In addition to shedding light on an understudied but powerful phenomenon, these findings offer potentially valuable implications for the reporting of research outcomes to academic journals and to the public via media outlets.
Identification and Ranking the Current Barriers in National Tax System (The Comprehensive Tax Plan)
Authors: Shahmoradi Majid , Atri. Hasan
Published: May 2017

Tis study aims to identify and rank the obstacles found in the change of country tax system (tax comprehensive plan). In the first chapter, some questions have been raised and along them, some hypotheses are considered.The general questions of this study are: do environmental obstacles influence on successful implementing of tax comprehensive plan? Do organizational obstacles influence on successful implementation of tax comprehensive plan? Do behavioral obstacles influence on successful implementation of tax comprehensive plan?The method of this research is practical by purpose, and it is descriptive by data collection. Statistical population of this study is consisted of all of experts and managers of organization of country tax affairs and based on Cochran formula 106 people of personnel and manager of Tehran tax affairs and personnel in the building of tax comprehensive plan are selected as the sample. Considering the study literature, behavioral obstacles, environmental obstacles and organizational obstacles are evaluated and a questionnaire is designed based on mentioned variables with five scales of Likert with demographic variables. In this study, after preparing the study plan and studying and collecting its theoretic basics, two questionnaires are prepared for identifying and ranking the obstacles for study statistical sample and after distributing and gathering questionnaires, descriptive inferential statistics has been used for data analysis, and nonparametric test is used for hypothesis test. 10 of 13 hypotheses are proved and three of them failed to be proved which the proved results of this study are consistent with those of previous research ( about unproved hypotheses, they weren’t consistent, therefore, they can be examined for future research), then, through Friedman test, they are ranked as follows: 1- resistance of personnel against the change, 2- cultural factor, 3- behavioral factor, 4- lack professional workforce, 5- environmental factor 6- technological factor , 7- organizational factor, 8- lack of managers’ support, 9- technological factors (organizational), 10- domestic policy. Conclusion: considering the impact of cultural factor on the implementation of plan, it is recommended to include some pedagogic materials in textbooks of students and to make teaser ads and make animation and accomplishing education and expressing the importance of implementing the plan for general public, in order to promote a culture in this regard for all ages. Suggestions: In the current state budget and tax Civil Affairs with support at work and Parliament also about requiring all government agencies and non-governmental entities and financial and non-financial entities to submit information and supervision act.
Electronic Structure and Dipole Moment Calculations of the Electronic States of the Molecule BeCl
Authors: Rafei Boushra El , Kontar Sahar , Younes Ghassan , Korek Mahmoud
Published: May 2017

The electronic structure of the molecule BeCl have been investigated by using the Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) with Multireference Configuration Interaction MRCI+Q (singly and doubly excitation with Davidson corrections). The potential energy curves, in terms of the internuclear distance R, have been calculated for 13 doublet and 14 quartet electronic states in the representation 2s+1Λ(+/-) of the molecule BeCl. The internuclear distance at equilibrium Re, the electronic energy with respect to the ground state Te, the harmonic frequency we, the rotational constants Be and the permanent dipole moment have been calculated for the bound electronic states. The Franck-Condon factor is calculated for the electronic transition between the two electronic states X2S+-(1)2P. Since there is limited data are published in literature, twenty-two new electronic states have been investigated here for the first time for the molecule BeCl. The comparison between our calculated values and those available in the literature shows a very good good agreement.
Studying the Compatibility of Iran's New Primary School Curriculum with the Curriculum Change Principles
Authors: Khandaghi Maghsoud Amin , Baraei Ali
Published: May 2017

Some principles are key to any change process and considering them in practice make the change process effective. The advocators for "down-up" change believe that the thoughts and ideas of individuals with practical and direct experience of the situation are more effective for making change. As main actors of curriculum, teachers have beneficial views on change plans. This survey aimed to investigate the primary school teachers' viewpoints on the compatibility between Iran's Primary School Curriculum changes and the 12 Curriculum Change Principles. Finding showed that in Iran's primary school curriculum, the principles relating to learning as an agent needed for change (principle 1), intervention for making change (principle 5), district and school-based leadership as an essential elements of long-term change success (principle 7), systematic view on change (principle 11), considering the school as the primary organizational unit for change (principle 3) and focus on objectives (principle 12) are highly considered. However, organizational and individual roles in making change (principle 4) and appropriate intervention role in reducing resistance to change (principle 4) are less considered by the subjects. Some differences were significant based on other background variables, too.
Bionomia comparada dos serradores, Oncideres saga saga (Dalman, 1823) e Oncideres dejeani (Thomson, 1868) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) em Parapiptadenia rigida.
Authors: Link Dionísio , Costa Ervandil Corrêa , Thum Adriane Brill
Published: May 2017

Alguns parâmetros biológicos dos serradores, Oncideres saga saga (Dalman, 1823) e O. dejeani (Thomson, 1868) sobre angico-vermelho, Parapiptadenia rigida (Leguminosae) foram comparados, em Santa Maria - RS. Analisou-se as dimensões do orifício de emergência do imago, diâmetro dos galhos cortados, comprimento e volume da galeria larval-pupal. As duas espécies de serrador apresentaram orifício de  emergência do adulto de formato quase circular, dimensões similares  e desenvolvem-se em galhos de diferentes diâmetros. O. s. saga construiu galerias de maior comprimento e consumiu maior volume de madeira que O. dejeani.
Eficiência na estimativa do peso seco para árvores individuais e definição do ponto ótimo de amostragem para determinação da densidade básica de Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
Authors: Franco Edmilson Jorge , Scolforo José Roberto S. , Mello José Márcio de , Lima José Tarcísio de
Published: May 2017

Os objetivos deste estudo foram testar a eficiência dos modelos de dupla entrada, de simples entrada, de dupla entrada associados a relação hipsométrica e o método dos dois diâmetros; e também definir o ponto ótimo de amostragem na árvore para obter a densidade básica da madeira, a partir de uma amostra. O estudo foi conduzido na região de João Pinheiro, MG, em propriedade da Mannesman Florestal Ltda. Foram utilizadas 127 árvores cubadas rigorosamente com idades variando de 28 a 76 meses. Foram também retirados discos de metro em metro ao longo do fuste, para a determinação da densidade básica. As estimativas do peso seco total com e sem casca foram obtidas para as quatro metodologias em estudo. A comparação destas com os valores reais se deu através de um delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Foi constatado que qualquer dos procedimentos testados propiciam estimativas do peso seco semelhantes aos valores reais. No entanto, as medidas de precisão da equação de simples entrada são inferiores aos demais métodos testados. O ponto ótimo de amostragem na árvore para obter a densidade básica foi a 1m de altura. Maior precisão pode ser conquistada se a amostra for tomada a 1; 3 e 6 metros de altura.
Benefícios indiretos da floresta.
Authors: Seling Irene , Spathelf Peter
Published: May 2017

No presente trabalho, foram apresentados os métodos para avaliar os benefícios indiretos da floresta. Após exposições sobre a definição, as diferenças entre os conceitos e as características dos benefícios indiretos, foram descritos os problemas fundamentais da avaliação e as vantagens e desvantagens dos diferentes métodos. A última parte do estudo trata dos incentivos atuais e problemas a contexto, adotados na Alemanha, na produção florestal.
De pescadores artesanais a piscicultores: a mudança nos meios de vida entre os pescadores atingidos pela construção da usina hidrelétrica do funil
Authors: Carvalho Natan Ferreira de , Romarco Marcelo Leles , Fonseca Bruno Costa da
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a mudança nos meios de vida dos pescadores atingidos pela construção da UHE Funil, que afetou diretamente as comunidades de Macaia, Ponte do Funil e Pedra Negra, localizadas na região do Campo das Vertentes, estado de Minas Gerais. A partir da análise dos documentos referentes ao processo de licenciamento ambiental do empreendimento, da realização de entrevistas e de trabalho campo, procuramos analisar os recursos e estratégias de vida acionadas por esses pescadores antes e depois da construção da usina, buscando entender a transformação da identidade destes pescadores a partir da substituição das atividades de pesca artesanal pela piscicultura. Como principais resultados ressalta-se que antes da construção do empreendimento estes atingidos tinham a pesca como seu principal meio de vida, a partir do enchimento do lago eles deixam de ser pescadores para se transformarem em produtores de peixe, fato que, por si só, não foi capaz de garantir a reprodução socioeconômica e cultural dos mesmos.
Projeto Campo Fácil - UEL: assistência técnica e difusão de tecnologia aos agricultores familiares do município de Londrina – PR
Authors: Oliveira Eli Carlos , Souza José Roberto Pinto de , Fonseca Ésio De Pádua , Dias Fernando Modos Veiga , Oliveira Daniel Lavorente de
Published: May 2017

Projetos de extensão executados por alunos de agronomia permite uma proximidade entre estudantes e produtores rurais. O objetivo do projeto UEL Campo Fácil é prestar assessoria agronômica através de estudantes do curso de agronomia da Universidade Estadual de Londrina aos agricultores familiares de Londrina e com isso aumentar a produtividade, incrementar sua renda, melhorar a qualidade de vida e proteger o meio ambiente. O projeto disponibiliza professores e estrutura física e intelectual. O início dos trabalhos dá-se com diagnóstico detalhado das propriedades que são discutidos em reuniões com professores e estudantes, e encaminhado propostas de soluções para serem aplicadas nas propriedades. A avaliação do projeto é realizada por reuniões periódicas e relatórios semestrais. Melhorias nas práticas de colheita, como separação dos frutos de café maduros dos verdes proporcionaram aumento da qualidade do produto. Foram deslumbradas novas oportunidades para melhoria da qualidade de vida dos produtores através do desenvolvimento da agroindústria e artesanato, aproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos, preservação e recuperação de mananciais e minas d'água como também na conservação do solo.
Dinámica de los núcleos agrarios en México
Authors: Cruz Alida Corey Arango , Silveira Vicente Celestino Pires
Published: May 2017

Este artículo presenta por un lado cómo la ley e instituciones en materia agraria establecen una estructura y funcionamiento para el campo mexicano en su propiedad social, sin embargo, resalta la dinámica que ellos mismos han generado. Donde en la práctica, lo real no corresponde completamente con la legislación, siendo ésta a su vez, un producto de remanentes conceptuales los que hasta hoy, diferencian dos nociones que probablemente no tengan de fondo características suficientes para ser consideradas por la ley de formas distintas.
Indicadores da modernização agrícola do Estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Beckmann Elizangela , Santana Antônio Cordeiro de
Published: May 2017

A modernização da produção agrícola de Mato Grosso resultou das combinações entre insumos químicos, máquinas e equipamentos mecânicos e biotecnologia com as variáveis relacionadas à educação, assistência técnica, inovações na organização e gestão da atividade. Assim, para destacar o estado na produção agrícola foram identificados e analisados os fatores que determinam a modernização da agricultura e apresentada sua configuração nos municípios por meio de um Índice de Modernização Agrícola Municipal. Para tanto, utilizou-se a Análise Fatorial para extrair os fatores e hierarquizar os municípios de acordo com o nível de modernização. Foram identificados cinco fatores responsáveis pela modernização agrícola de Mato Grosso e, dentre estes, a agricultura de altos insumos se mostrou como um fator positivo na maioria dos municípios, enquanto o fator produtivo se mostrou negativo na maior parte dos municípios do estado. O nível de modernização apresentado pela maioria dos municípios foi baixo, sendo que nenhum obteve índice alto, o que reafirma o caráter ainda extensivo da agricultura matogrossense e a distribuição não homogênea da tecnologia. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo auxiliam visualizar os pontos fortes e fracos relacionados a modernização da agricultura em Mato Grosso, permitindo ações condizentes com o contexto atual de cada município.
La sojización en Argentina y Brasil (1980/2014): influencia de las políticas públicas, de las empresas transnacionales y de la estructura económica dependiente
Authors: Pierri José , Wesz Junior Valdemar João
Published: May 2017

Al largo de las últimas décadas, la soja se convirtió en la principal actividad agrícola en Brasil y Argentina. Este trabajo, partiendo de un enfoque histórico-político, procura evidenciar los principales condicionantes de la expansión de la soja en los dos países, enfatizando la influencia del factor externo (demanda y precio internacional), las diferentes políticas públicas y las grandes empresas transnacionales. Estos elementos procuran ir más allá de los argumentos que cifran  en el espíritu empresario y el funcionamiento estricto de mecanismos de libre mercado como impulsores de la “sojización”, que muchas veces predomina en los discursos de las entidades representativas de los productores primarios, agroindustria y de algunos investigadores vinculados al sector agrario. La investigación realiza una  revisión bibliográfica del tema y analiza noticias publicadas en distintos periódicos y datos estadísticas oficiales de los dos países.
Da produção de tabaco ao cultivo de alimentos: novidades e transições sociotécnicas na agricultura familiar de Porto Vera Cruz - RS
Authors: Thies Vanderlei Franck , Conterato Marcelo Antonio
Published: May 2017

O cultivo de tabaco tem importância expressiva no Brasil, entre outras razões, pela destacada posição internacional que o país ocupa em termos de volume produzido e exportado e do grande número de produtores envolvidos. Por outro lado, no cenário internacional destaca-se a crescente restrição a sua produção e consumo, implicando incertezas em relação ao futuro, o que gera a necessidade de reflexões sobre a substituição do seu cultivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é examinar as estratégias e o processo de transição sociotécnica desenvolvida por agricultores familiares que substituíram o cultivo de tabaco por alimentos. A metodologia contemplou aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos. Foram obtidos dados primários através de estudo de caso junto a Cooperativa dos Agricultores de Porto Vera Cruz – RS, no ano de 2014, através de entrevistas em profundidade, observação participante e questionários estruturados. Utilizando-se a Perspectiva Multinível e a produção de novidades como referências analíticas, o artigo mostra como a emergência de uma novidade organizacional e o acesso aos mercados institucionais catalisaram alterações substantivas nas trajetórias de desenvolvimento rural.
A agricultura orgânica no Brasil: um perfil a partir do censo agropecuário 2006
Authors: Lourenço Andréia Vigolo , Schneider Sergio , Gazolla Marcio
Published: May 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil da produção orgânica brasileira a partir dos dados do Censo Agropecuário 2006, o último disponível. O trabalho identifica e quantifica os estabelecimentos que produziram orgânicos através do mapeamento da produção e dos produtores, suas características socioeconômicas e as macrorregiões em que se situam. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na análise de dados secundários do Censo Agropecuário 2006 do IBGE, retirados do website SIDRA, a partir da variável ‘uso de agricultura orgânica’. Os resultados mostram que a agricultura orgânica ainda é pouco expressiva no Brasil. No que se refere ao perfil socioeconômico, os estabelecimentos que fazem uso da agricultura orgânica são de agricultores familiares, especialmente os classificados no Grupo B do PRONAF (que são os mais pobres), que participam em cooperativas ou entidades de classe. Estes agricultores são, em sua maioria, proprietários das terras, apresentam baixo grau de escolarização com pouco ou nenhum acesso à assistência técnica. As atividades econômicas mais frequentes onde os orgânicos são encontrados são a pecuária e as lavouras temporárias. Trata-se de um perfil que merece maior atenção do Estado (por exemplo, nas ações do PLANAPO), uma vez que a demanda pelo consumo de produtos orgânicos vem crescendo no Brasil assim como em várias outras partes do mundo.
Simulando o paralelismo quântico em CPU e GPU utilizando a biblioteca LibQuantum
Authors: Feitosa Samuel Da Silva , Bueno João Augusto da Silva
Published: May 2017

Apesar de todos os avanços computacionais da última década, ainda existem problemas clássicos que são impossíveis de resolver de forma eficiente em computadores normais. Pesquisadores acreditam que, através de um computador quântico, alguns desses problemas poderiam ser resolvidos em algumas horas ou mesmo em alguns minutos. Entretanto, devido a indisponibilidade de computadores quânticos, diversos simuladores têm sido propostos. Neste artigo, é discutida a biblioteca LibQuantum como uma maneira de simular o paralelismo quântico através do uso de processadores multi-core e GPGPUs.
Definição de uma Linguagem para a Programação do Comportamento de Robôs Dentro do Contexto da RoboCup
Authors: Bonini Jéssica Augusti , Librelotto Giovani
Published: May 2017

A RoboCup Soccer é uma das ligas da Copa Mundial de Robôs. Nela testa-se a capacidade de robôs humanóides autônomos jogarem futebol. No ano de 2015 a Taura Bots, equipe de futebol de robôs da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, participou pela primeira vez da competição. Assim, surgiu a necessidade de criação de uma linguagem para a programação do comportamento dos robôs que ofereça aos usuários um alto nível de abstração, portabilidade e uma sintaxe simples e intuitiva. O objetivo do projeto foi alcançado, levando em conta que a TauraLang, linguagem construída neste trabalho, já pode ser usada na programação de comportamentos simples e alguns já rodam no simulador.
An approach towards the reconstruction of regulatory networks
Authors: Pereira Rafael Teodósio , Costa Hugo , Mendes Rui
Published: May 2017

Currently, one of the main issues addressed in the bioinformatics field is understanding the structure and behaviour of complex molecular interaction networks. Since most of the information available belongs to biomedical literature, a large part of this task entails selecting the relevant articles from a large body of papers. However, due to the rapidly increasing number of scientific papers, it is quite difficult to read all  the  papers that have been published about this subject. In order to accomplish this, this work is focused on developing methods for retrieving information from biological databases, gathering as much information as possible; to create an integrated repository, that is able to store and load this data and also to design a pipeline to allow the reconstruction of regulatory networks through using Biomedical Text Mining techniques.
Representação do Conhecimento de forma a Buscar Oportunidades de Refatoração através de uma Ontologia
Authors: Campagnolo Fernando Quatrin , Piveta Eduardo Kessler
Published: May 2017

Durante o ciclo de vida dos sistemas de software, eles precisam ser melhorados, modificados e adaptados a novas funcionalidades. Tais modificações podem aumentar a complexidade e diminuir sua qualidade. Uma das maneiras de melhorar sua qualidade é aplicar transformações, mais especificamente, refatorações. Uma das atividades do processo de refatoração proposto por Piveta (2009), é a seleção do conjunto de refatorações a serem aplicadas em um sistema de software. A partir desse cenário, este trabalho tem como objetivo: (i) Representar o conhecimento de refatoração através de uma ontologia OWL; (ii) Utilizar a ontologia proposta como base de dados para selecionar o conjunto de refatorações a serem aplicadas. A fim de facilitar a seleção, desenvolveu-se uma aplicação Java utilizando a API Jena. Essa possibilita filtrar as refatorações por algumas características como vantagem e domínio.
Synthesis of public water supply use in the United States: Spatio‐temporal patterns and socio‐economic controls
Authors: Sankarasubramanian A. , Sabo J. L. , Larson K. L. , Seo S. B. , Sinha T. , Bhowmik R. , Vidal A. Ruhi , Kunkel K. , Mahinthakumar G. , Berglund E. Z. , Kominoski J.
Published: May 2017

Recent U.S. Geological Survey water‐use report suggests that increasing water‐use efficiency could mitigate the supply‐and‐demand imbalance arising from changing climate and growing population. However, this rich data have neither analyzed to understand the underlying patterns, nor have been investigated to identify the factors contributing to this increased efficiency. A national‐scale synthesis of public supply withdrawals (“withdrawals”) reveals a strong North–south gradient in public supply water use with the increasing population in the South contributing to increased withdrawal. Contrastingly, a reverse South–north gradient exists in per capita withdrawals (“efficiency”), with northern states consistently improving the efficiency, while the southern states' efficiency declined. Our analyses of spatial patterns of per capita withdrawals further demonstrate that urban counties exhibit improved efficiency over rural counties. Improved efficiency is also demonstrated over high‐income and well‐educated counties. Given the potential implications of the findings in developing long‐term water conservation measures (i.e., increasing block rates), we argue the need for frequent updates, perhaps monthly to annual, of water‐use data for identifying effective strategies that control the water‐use efficiency in various geographic settings under a changing climate.
Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing
Authors: Shrivastava Manish , Cappa Christopher D. , Fan Jiwen , Goldstein Allen H. , Guenther Alex B. , Jimenez Jose L. , Kuang Chongai , Laskin Alexander , Martin Scot T. , Ng Nga Lee , Petaja Tuukka , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Rasch Philip J. , Roldin Pontus , Seinfeld John H. , Shilling John , Smith James N. , Thornton Joel A. , Volkamer Rainer , Wang Jian , Worsnop Douglas R. , Zaveri Rahul A. , Zelenyuk Alla , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2017

Anthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol concentrations and size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions and changes in organic aerosol due to anthropogenic activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of aerosol radiative forcing and (2) can confound estimates of the historical response of climate to increases in greenhouse gases. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), formed in the atmosphere by oxidation of organic gases, represents a major fraction of global submicron‐sized atmospheric organic aerosol. Over the past decade, significant advances in understanding SOA properties and formation mechanisms have occurred through measurements, yet current climate models typically do not comprehensively include all important processes. This review summarizes some of the important developments during the past decade in understanding SOA formation. We highlight the importance of some processes that influence the growth of SOA particles to sizes relevant for clouds and radiative forcing, including formation of extremely low volatility organics in the gas phase, acid‐catalyzed multiphase chemistry of isoprene epoxydiols, particle‐phase oligomerization, and physical properties such as volatility and viscosity. Several SOA processes highlighted in this review are complex and interdependent and have nonlinear effects on the properties, formation, and evolution of SOA. Current global models neglect this complexity and nonlinearity and thus are less likely to accurately predict the climate forcing of SOA and project future climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases. Efforts are also needed to rank the most influential processes and nonlinear process‐related interactions, so that these processes can be accurately represented in atmospheric chemistry‐climate models.
Regional patterns of future runoff changes from Earth system models constrained by observation
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhou Feng , Piao Shilong , Huang Mengtian , Chen Anping , Ciais Philippe , Li Yue , Lian Xu , Peng Shushi , Zeng Zhenzhong
Published: May 2017

In the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment, multimodel ensembles (arithmetic model averaging, AMA) were constructed with equal weights given to Earth system models, without considering the performance of each model at reproducing current conditions. Here we use Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to construct a weighted model ensemble for runoff projections. Higher weights are given to models with better performance in estimating historical decadal mean runoff. Using the BMA method, we find that by the end of this century, the increase of global runoff (9.8 ± 1.5%) under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 is significantly lower than estimated from AMA (12.2 ± 1.3%). BMA presents a less severe runoff increase than AMA at northern high latitudes and a more severe decrease in Amazonia. Runoff decrease in Amazonia is stronger than the intermodel difference. The intermodel difference in runoff changes is mainly caused not only by precipitation differences among models, but also by evapotranspiration differences at the high northern latitudes.
Cladribine to treat disease exacerbation after fingolimod discontinuation in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Alvarez‐Gonzalez Cesar , Adams Ashok , Mathews Joela , Turner Benjamin P. , Giovannoni Gavin , Baker David , Schmierer Klaus
Published: May 2017

Rebound disease following cessation of disease modifying treatment (DMT) has been reported in people with both relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis (pwRMS, pwPMS) questioning strict separation between these two phenotypes. While licensed DMT is available for pwRMS to counter rebound disease, no such option exists for pwPMS. We report on a pwPMS who developed rebound disease, with 45 Gadolinium‐enhancing lesions on T1 weighted MRI brain, within 6 months after fingolimod 0.5 mg/day was stopped. Treatment with a short course of subcutaneous cladribine 60 mg led to effective suppression of inflammatory activity and partial recovery with no short‐term safety issues or adverse events.
Integrated Microfluidic System for Gene Silencing and Cell Migration
Authors: Liu Zongbin , Han Xin , Zhou Qing , Chen Rui , Fruge Shelby , Jo Myeong Chan , Ma Yuan , Li Ziyin , Yokoi Kenji , Qin Lidong
Published: May 2017

Metastasis involves the phenotype transition of cancer cells to gain invasiveness, and the following migration at the tumor site. Here an integrated microfluidic chip to study this process is presented by combining on‐chip delivery of siRNA for gene silencing and cell migration assay. The major advantage of the integrated chip is the simple input of cells and gene transfection materials, and the ultimate output of migration ability. The reverse‐fishbone structure and 0.7× phosphate‐buffered saline solution are the optimized parameters for improved delivery efficiency. Using the chip, it is validated that cofilin plays an essential role in regulating cancer cell migration. The integrated chip may provide a simple and effective platform for biologists to easily check the role of specific genes in metastasis.
Understanding the relationship between olfactory‐specific quality of life, objective olfactory loss, and patient factors in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mattos Jose L. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Storck Kristina A. , Soler Zachary M.
Published: May 2017

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly impacts olfaction. However, the relationship between objective olfaction and patient‐reported olfactory‐specific quality of life (QOL) is not well understood. Furthermore, objective olfactory testing can be time consuming, so we sought to determine if patient‐reported olfactory QOL can be used as screening tool for olfactory dysfunction.

Methods

Olfactory dysfunction was evaluated in 109 patients with CRS using the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders–Negative Statements (QOD‐NS) and the Sniffin’ Sticks Test, assessing for olfactory threshold, discrimination, identification, and overall composite scores (TDI; composite score of threshold, discrimination, and identification). Regression analysis was performed to correlate olfactory metrics and patient and disease‐specific factors with QOD‐NS scores. Optimal QOD‐NS scores to classify patients based upon objective olfactory function were established.

Results

Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses of QOD‐NS and CRS‐associated comorbidities, objective measures of disease, demographics, and CRS‐specific QOL were performed. Non‐white race, depression, and worse 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores correlated with worse QOD‐NS scores (p < 0.005). Worse TDI scores correlated with worse QOD‐NS scores, and discrimination had the strongest correlation (p < 0.001). Mean ± standard deviation (SD) QOD‐NS scores for normosmia, hyposmia, and anosmia were 44 ± 7.2, 35.7 ± 12.8, and 31.6 ± 10.7, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.770 (p < 0.001), and a QOD‐NS cutoff of 38.5 to have maximal Youden's index to define normal vs abnormal TDI score.

Conclusion

In CRS, QOD‐NS correlates with non‐white race, depression, SNOT‐22, and TDI score, with discrimination having the strongest correlation. The QOD‐NS also appears to be a feasible tool for olfaction screening.
Eine NiAs‐artige Hochdruckmodifikation von FeN
Authors: Clark William P. , Steinberg Simon , Dronskowski Richard , McCammon Catherine , Kupenko Ilya , Bykov Maxim , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Akselrud Lev G. , Schwarz Ulrich , Niewa Rainer
Published: May 2017

Durch Kombination von Laser‐geheizten Diamantstempelzellen mit Synchrotron‐Mößbauer‐Spektroskopie wurden die chemischen Hochtemperatur‐Hochdruck‐Reaktionen von Eisen und Eisennitrid, Fe2N, mit Stickstoff untersucht. Nach Erhitzen bei 1300 K bei Drücken über 10 GPa zeigte deutliche magnetische Hyperfeinaufspaltung die Bildung einer neuen Verbindung an. Anschließende röntgenographische In‐situ‐Analysen ergaben eine neue FeN‐Modifikation im NiAs‐Strukturtyp, deren Gesamtenergie und Bindungssituation über quantenchemische Methoden bestimmt wurden.
Lithium Bond Chemistry in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hou Ting‐Zheng , Xu Wen‐Tao , Chen Xiang , Peng Hong‐Jie , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2017

The lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is a promising high‐energy‐density storage system. The strong anchoring of intermediates is widely accepted to retard the shuttle of polysulfides in a working battery. However, the understanding of the intrinsic chemistry is still deficient. Inspired by the concept of hydrogen bond, herein we focus on the Li bond chemistry in Li–S batteries through sophisticated quantum chemical calculations, in combination with 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Identified as Li bond, the strong dipole–dipole interaction between Li polysulfides and Li–S cathode materials originates from the electron‐rich donors (e.g., pyridinic nitrogen (pN)), and is enhanced by the inductive and conjugative effect of scaffold materials with π‐electrons (e.g., graphene). The chemical shift of Li polysulfides in 7Li NMR spectroscopy, being both theoretically predicted and experimentally verified, is suggested to serve as a quantitative descriptor of Li bond strength. These theoretical insights were further proved by actual electrochemical tests. This work highlights the importance of Li bond chemistry in Li–S cell and provides a deep comprehension, which is helpful to the cathode materials rational design and practical applications of Li–S batteries.