bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of organic soil amendments and weed control to optimize the growth and yield of peanuts in sandy soils in coastal areas
Authors: Simarmata M. , Lase S. , Murcitro B.G. , Simanihuruk B.W. , Chozin M.
Published: March 2023

Sandy soils in coastal areas can be managed for peanut cultivation by minimizing the limiting factors. The study aimed to use organic soil amendments combined with weed control methods to optimize peanuts' growth and yield in sandy land. The research was conducted in the coastal area of Bengkulu, Indonesia, from September 2019 to January 2020. Two experimental factors were arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first was soil amendment consisted of cow manure (CM), the compost of empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFB), and without soil amendment as a control, and the second was weed control methods consisted of preemergence application of oxyfluorfen, postemergence application of propaquizafop, and hand-weeding. The results found the most effective weed control in the EFB compost was hand-weeding, but in CM application was propaquizafop. The efficacy of propaquizafop was not significantly different from hand-weeding to control the sedges and grassy weeds. Plant growth improved, and the yield of peanuts increased by the CM and compost of EFB. Optimal growth and yield of peanuts were observed in the CM treatment, namely as the stover weight and pods yield of 28.74 g/plant and 5.82 tons/ha, respectively. With hand-weeding control, the peanut stover and pods yield was 28.79 g/plant and 5.78 tons/ha, respectively. The research provided novel information regarding the potential of the coastal land for peanut cultivation using local organic materials as soil amendments.
« Femmes, écologie et engagements politiques du Sud au Nord » : actualité de l’écoféminisme
Authors: Larrère Catherine
Published: March 2023

Que nous apprennent les luttes écologiques dans lesquelles s’engagent les femmes, du Sud au Nord ? Tel était le thème du colloque organisé par l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Institut des sciences juridique et philosophique de la Sorbonne [ISJPS]) et l’Université de Chicago à Paris, les 4 et 5 juin 2021. Le fil conducteur fut celui de la lutte contre l’extractivisme (extraction minière, forages pétroliers et gaziers, mais aussi déforestation, plantations arbustives ou agricoles destinées à l’exportation et pêcheries industrielles), dans un débat qui a abordé les questions de spiritualité, puis en est venu à la justice environnementale, avant de parler du care, en un retour réflexif sur les questions soulevées par ces luttes qui ne se réclament pas toujours de l’écoféminisme, mais permettent d’en éclairer les enjeux : ceux de la domination croisée des femmes et de la nature. Si ce type de mouvement s’expose à l’accusation d’essentialisation ou de naturalisation, les discussions ont fait ressortir la pluralité des références à la nature ainsi que celle des formes d’émancipation.
Le laser XCAN : façonner la lumière en mode digital
Authors: Chanteloup Jean-Christophe , Fsaifes Ihsan
Published: March 2023

L’avènement des lasers à combinaison cohérente de multiples faisceaux est à l’origine d’un changement de paradigme dans le domaine de l’architecture laser. L’opérateur de ce nouveau type de source lumineuse se voit en effet offrir la possibilité d’agir canal par canal sur les caractéristiques des faisceaux lasers individuels afin de façonner la distribution d’énergie optimale du faisceau recombiné requise pour l’application visée. Une telle approche digitale de la mise en oeuvre d’une source cohérente très puissante (GW crête/kW moyen) ouvre un vaste champ applicatif.
Muskelzuckungen und Muskelkrämpfe –
Differenzialdiagnosen und elektrophysiologische Diagnostik
Authors: Baum Petra , Metelmann Moritz
Published: March 2023

Muskelzuckungen und -krämpfe sind Beschwerden, die vom harmlosen Symptom
bis hin zu Symptomen einer schwerwiegenden neurologischen Erkrankung reichen
können. Eine ausführliche Anamnese, gründliche
neurologische Untersuchung und elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen
ermöglichen die Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Ätiologien. In
diesem Artikel werden verschiedene Ursachen unter Berücksichtigung deren
Definition, der elektrophysiologisch zugrunde liegenden Phänomene und
deren differenzialdiagnostischer Einordnung dargestellt.
Bedeutung des Muskelaktionspotenzials in der motorischen
Elektroneurographie
Authors: Reuter Wilhard
Published: March 2023

Die Messtechnik wird mit den wichtigen Fehrlerquellen beschrieben. Die Messwerte
Latenz, Amplitude, Dauer, Fläche und Form werden erläutert. Typische
pathologische Muster werden dargestellt. Auf die speziellen Phänomene
Leitungsblock und temporale Disperssion wird hingewiesen.
Fohlenlähme beim Esel
Authors: Schäferkordt Rainer
Published: March 2023

Berichtet wird der Fall einer schweren Fohlenseptikämie mit
Gelenkbeteiligung bei einem neugeborenen Esel, die mittels Kombination von
homöopathischer und konventioneller Therapie schnell und
vollständig geheilt werden konnte. Die Analysemethode mit
Phenomena (Repertorium der Phänomene) wird vorgestellt.
Differenzialdiagnose der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose in der
klinischen Praxis
Authors: Herrmann Christine , Dorst Johannes
Published: March 2023

Die Diagnose der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose (ALS) beruht vorwiegend auf
klinischen Kriterien und kann aufgrund des heterogenen Erscheinungsbildes gerade
in frühen Krankheitsstadien mitunter schwierig sein. Wegweisend sind der
Nachweis einer kombinierten Pathologie des oberen und unteren Motoneurons, der
fokale Onset, das Ausbreitungsmuster (Spreading), das typische Verteilungsmuster
der Paresen, das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen nicht-motorischer Zusatzsymptome
sowie Art und Geschwindigkeit der Krankheitsprogredienz. Dieser Review stellt
Charakteristika der ALS sowohl im Hinblick auf die klinische Untersuchung als
auch apparativer Zusatzdiagnostik in Abgrenzung zu den wichtigsten
Differenzialdiagnosen in Form von Einschlusskörperchenmyositis,
Chronisch Inflammatorischer Demyelinisierender Polyneuropathie (CIDP),
Mulifokaler Motorischer Neuropathie (MMN), adulter Form der Spinalen
Muskelatrophie (SMA), Kennedy-Syndrom und Hereditärer Spastischer
Paralyse (HSP) dar.
Orbitocranial Penetration of Ball Bearing Gun Trauma: A Prospective Human Cadaveric Study
Authors: Oh Angela J. , Roelofs Kelsey A. , Karlin Justin N. , Rootman Daniel B.
Published: March 2023

Objective We completed a prospective human cadaveric study to determine the ability of a ball bearing (BB) pellet to penetrate the orbit and/or surrounding structures.

Methods A single trained sergeant officer discharged an alloy steel air rifle to eight cadaver orbits from four adult human cadaver heads. Five BB pellets each were aimed at three locations (caruncle, upper eyelid, or lower eyelid) at 10 cm and 1 m, and then less specifically, at the orbital region for 3- and 5-m distances. Computed tomography (CT) of the cadaver heads was performed. Final locations of BB pellets are divided into three categories: intracranial, surrounding orbital structures including the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa, and orbit.

Results Of 40 BB pellets, 37 penetrated soft tissue and were visualized on CT: 19 (51%) rested in the intracranial space, 17 (46%) in surrounding orbital structures, and 1 (3%) within the orbit. The deepest position of a pellet was in the parietal lobe, and most superficial location anterior to the frontal bone. Pellets discharged from 1 m were more likely to rest in the intracranial space compared with those from 10 cm (p < 0.001), 3 m (p = 0.011), and 5 m (p = 0.004). The distance of discharge was associated with final pellet location (p = 0.001).

Conclusion BB guns should be considered dangerous and potentially deadly when aimed at the orbit. Although the thick calvarium can protect the intracranial space from BB penetration, the orbit may be a vulnerable entry point with relatively low resistance, allowing penetration of the intracranial and periorbital spaces.
Comparison of the Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of Two Treatment Methods in Patients with Thoracolumbar Junction Distraction Fracture: Short- versus Long-Segment Posterior Stabilization
Authors: Çetin Hakan , Bayram Serkan , Alemdar Celil , Atiç Ramazan
Published: March 2023

Background We compare the radiologic and clinical results between the short-segment fixation and the long-segment fixation in the thoracolumbar junction distraction fractures.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively recorded data of patients who underwent posterior approach and pedicle fixation treatment for thoracolumbar distraction fracture (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association AO/OTA 5-B) with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. A total of 31 patients were operated on; they were divided into two groups: (1) patients treated with short-level fixation (SLF; one level above and below the fracture level) and (2) patients treated with long-level fixation (LLF; two levels above and below the fracture level). The clinical outcomes were evaluated with the neurologic status, operation time, and time to surgery. The functional outcomes were evaluated with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) at the final follow-up. Radiologic outcomes were measured with the local kyphosis angle, anterior body height, posterior body height, and sagittal index of the fractured vertebra.

Results SLF was performed in 15 patients and LLF was performed in 16 patients. The average follow-up period was 30.13 ± 11.3 months for the SLF group and 35.3 ± 17.2 months for group 2 (p = 0.329). The two groups were similar in regard to age, gender, follow-up period, fracture level, fracture type, and pre- and postoperative neurologic status. The operating time was significantly shorter in the SLF group than in the LLF group. There were no significant differences between the groups in all radiologic parameters, ODI score, and VAS.

Conclusion SLF was associated with a shorter operation time and allowed the preservation of two or more segments of vertebral motion.
Fluid Removal in Children on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Improves Organ Dysfunction Score
Authors: Tadphale Sachin D. , Luckett Peter M. , Quigley Raymond P. , Dhar Archana V. , Gollhofer Diane K. , Modem Vinai
Published: March 2023

The objective is to assess impact of fluid removal on improvement in organ function in children who received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for management of acute kidney injury and/or fluid overload (FO). A retrospective review of eligible patients admitted to a tertiary level intensive care unit over a 3-year period was performed. Improvement in nonrenal organ function, the primary outcome, was defined as decrease in nonrenal component of Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score on day 3 of CRRT. The cohort was categorized into Group 1 (improvement) and Group 2 (no improvement or worsening) in nonrenal PELOD score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors. A higher PELOD score at CRRT initiation (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.18, p < 0.001), belonging to infant-age group (OR: 4.53, 95% CI: 4.40, 5.13, p = 0.02) and greater fluid removal during initial 3 days of CRRT (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10, p = 0.01) were associated with an improvement in nonrenal PELOD score at day 3 of CRRT. FO at CRRT initiation (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.93, p = 0.02) and having an underlying oncologic diagnosis (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.85, p = 0.03) were associated with worsening of nonrenal PELOD score at day 3 of CRRT. Careful consideration of certain modifiable patient and/or fluid removal kinetic factors may have an impact on outcomes.
Price fairness: square equity and mean pricing
Authors: Radic Dubravko
Published: March 2023

Prices have a leverage effect on firm profits. Prices, however, have also an impact on customer’s perceived price fairness and thus indirectly on firm’s bottom line. A growing body of literature shows this. Papers on the level of the fair price, however, are rather scarce. Based on different concepts of justice, two levels of fair prices are proposed: square equity and mean prices. I run an experiment which shows that both are considered fairer than cost-based or value-based prices. The results can be used to assess fairness implications of prices ex ante and hence complement traditional pricing approaches.
Anti-disturbance control of a piezo-driven micromanipulator with a non-minimum phase
Authors: Wu Gaohua , Yang Yiling , Li Cunyao , Cui Yuguo , Wei Yanding
Published: March 2023

In precision micromanipulation tasks, operation accuracy and anti-disturbance performance of micromanipulators are critical. This paper presents anti-disturbance control for a piezo-driven micromanipulator with a non-minimum phase. The micromanipulator is constructed by mounting a flexible manipulator on a parallel positioning stage. The micromotion and dynamic behavior of the micromanipulator are analyzed. Then, an anti-disturbance control strategy combining H-infinity feedback control and disturbance observer-based control for a non-minimum phase is designed to reduce disturbances and ensure control accuracy. Finally, the experimental measurement and control system is built. The observed phenomena show that sinusoidal disturbances are almost eliminated and the overshoot of step disturbances is significantly reduced. In addition, the time for suppressing the step disturbance is shortened from 0.9 to 0.3 s. Experiments verify the viability of the anti-disturbance control strategy.
Design of a metamaterial chipless RFID sensor tag for high temperature
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Youwei , Gu Tingting
Published: March 2023

A high temperature sensor based on a metamaterial is proposed as a chipless radio frequency identification sensor tag that can measure temperature wirelessly. The metamaterial, based on a double circular split ring resonator (SRR), is highly frequency selective and has negative permittivity. The double circular SRR is fabricated on the alumina ceramic substrate, which acted as the temperature sensing material. The permittivity of the material varies with the temperature parameter, resulting in a shift of backscattered resonant frequency of the sensor tag. Simulations verify the feasibility of this sensor tag in the microwave band under electromagnetic stimuli. When the temperature increases from 200 to 1000 °C, the resonant frequency monotone decreases from 6.64 to 6.26 GHz with an average sensitivity of 0.475 MHz/°C. The sensor tag has features such as high temperature, being wireless, passive, of comparatively low-cost, and miniature, with diversified application potential, allowing it to compete with other sophisticated temperature devices in terms of performance.
Transient formation theory of air-microbubble oil and testing its oil-spraying mechanism
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Xie Xiaopeng , Gao Guogang
Published: March 2023

In oil–air lubrication systems, large numbers of air microbubbles are often included in the oil phase. However, the principles of microbubble formation in oil–air annular flow and their influencing factors remain uncertain, and previous conclusions regarding the effects of microbubbles on the viscosity properties of the lubricant oil are inconsistent. Thus, there is an urgent need for experimental verification. In this paper, a transient force balance model is established and used to ascertain the formation of air microbubbles in oil (AB-oil) for an oil–air annular flow. The stability of these microbubbles is analyzed using the Rayleigh–Plesset equation. Theoretical analysis shows that the microbubble radius is the key factor affecting the force balance and stability of microbubbles in oil. Experiments are conducted based on this theoretical analysis, and the void fraction of AB-oil is determined through image analysis to verify the principles and influencing factors of AB-oil formation in oil–air lubrication systems. The viscosity properties of AB-oil are then tested using a rheometer. The experimental results indicate that the formation of AB-oil is affected by oil viscosity, pipe range, oil feeding rate, and air pressure. AB-oil exhibit different viscosity properties at different shear rates and void fractions. Finally, the relationship between the void fraction and viscosity at different shear rates is determined from the experimental data. The outcomes of this research provide insights into the characteristics of oil–air lubrication systems for high-speed machine tool spindles.
Electrical and solid-state electrochemical studies of single crystals of cryolite-type ammonium hexafluorometallates
Authors: Yuan Qifan , Slebodnick Carla , Soghomonian Victoria
Published: March 2023

We present electrical transport studies of two ammonium hexafluorometallates of general formula (NH4)3GaxV1−xF6, highlighting the intriguing relationship between structure and electrical and electrochemical properties. Part of this study uses a method adapted to probe the solid-state electrochemical characteristics on individually contacted single crystals. For compound 1, x varies over 0.15 < x < 0.3, and for 2, x varies over 0.3 < x < 0.4, as determined by physical and chemical characterization. Electronically, compounds 1 and 2 are found to be wide bandgap electronic materials at room temperature. Variable temperature electrical measurements on single crystals of 1 and 2 show temperature-activated behavior for both. Within the temperature range probed, possible conduction pathways are discussed in relation to the structure and in comparison to other hexafluorometallates. We show that solid-state electrochemical studies on single crystals of 1 and 2 can probe redox properties of the metal centers in materials with low electrical conductivity, of interest in electrochemical energy storage applications.
Parameter error analysis of dual-channel Mach–Zehnder interferometer for molecular Doppler wind lidar
Authors: Tan Linqiu , Guo Quanmin , Wang Qian , Sun Bin
Published: March 2023

Based on the atmospheric molecular Doppler wind lidar system using dual-channel Mach–Zehnder interferometer (DMZI) double-edge detection, two important DMZI parameters, such as optical path difference and beam splitter transmittance, are analyzed. Furthermore, the changes in DMZI transmission response, wind speed sensitivity, and wind speed measurement errors of the lidar system caused by the errors of these two parameters are simulated. The ratio of the difference between the system measurement error caused by the non-optimal parameter and the optimal parameter to the system measurement error at the optimal parameter is defined as an error proportion factor, which can be used to quantitatively describe the variation of wind speed measurement error caused by the parameter errors. Numerical simulation shows that under the assumption that the horizontal wind speed is 20 m/s and the vertical detection height is 15 km, if this error proportion factor needs to be controlled to less than 1%, the difference δ_Δl0 between the actual and the optimal optical path difference should be controlled in the range of 0 ≤ δ_Δl0 < 3.16 mm. Similarly, if other parameters are optimal, the beam splitter transmittance of DMZI should be controlled in the range of 0.5 ± 0.0407, and the error proportion factor can be less than 1%. The results of this study not only provide theoretical guidance for the parameter selection of DMZI but also provide research ideas and methods for the error analysis of DMZI molecular Doppler lidar based on double-edge detection.
Creation of NV centers over a millimeter-sized region by intense single-shot ultrashort laser irradiation
Authors: Fujiwara Masanori , Inoue Shunsuke , Masuno Shin-ichiro , Fu Haining , Tokita Shigeki , Hashida Masaki , Mizuochi Norikazu
Published: March 2023

Recently, ultrashort laser processing has attracted attention for creating nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers because this method can create single NV centers in spatially-controlled positions, which is an advantage for quantum information devices. On the other hand, creating high-density NV centers in a wide region is also important for quantum sensing because the sensitivity is directly enhanced by increasing the number of NV centers. A recent study demonstrated the creation of high-density NV centers by irradiating femtosecond laser pulses, but the created region was limited to micrometer size, and this technique required many laser pulses to avoid graphitization of diamond. Here, we demonstrate the creation of NV centers in a wide region using only an intense single femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. We irradiated a diamond sample with a femtosecond laser with a focal spot size of 41 µm and a laser fluence of up to 54 J/cm2, which is much higher than the typical graphitization threshold in multi-pulse processing. We found that single-pulse irradiation created NV centers without post-annealing for a laser fluence higher than 1.8 J/cm2, and the region containing NV centers expanded with increasing laser fluence. The diameter of the area was larger than the focal spot size and reached over 100 µm at a fluence of 54 J/cm2. Furthermore, we demonstrated the NV centers’ creation in a millimeter-sized region by a single-shot defocused laser pulse over 1100 µm with a fluence of 33 J/cm2. The demonstrated technique will bring interest in the fundamentals and applications of fabricating ultrahigh-sensitivity quantum sensors.
Application of dissipative particle dynamics to interfacial systems: Parameterization and scaling
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Boccardo Gianluca , Marchisio Daniele L. , Buffo Antonio
Published: March 2023

Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) is a stochastic particle model that is able to simulate larger systems over longer time scales than atomistic modeling approaches by including the concept of coarse-graining. Whether standard DPD can cover the whole mesoscale by changing the level of coarse-graining is still an open issue. A scaling scheme originally developed by Füchslin et al. (2009) was here applied to interfacial systems as one of the most successful uses of the classical DPD method. In particular, equilibrium properties such as the interfacial tension were analyzed at different levels of coarse-graining for planar oil–water interfaces with and without surfactant. A scaling factor for the interfacial tension was found due to the combined effect of the scaling scheme and the coarse-graining parameterization. Although the level of molecular description was largely decreased, promising results showed that it is possible to conserve the interfacial tension trend at increasing surfactant concentrations, remarkably reducing modeling complexity. The same approach was also employed to simulate a droplet configuration. Both planar and droplet conformations were maintained, showing that typical domain formations of multi-component systems can be performed in DPD by means of the scaling procedure. Therefore, we explored the possibility of describing oil–water and oil–water–surfactant systems in standard DPD using a scaling scheme with the aim of highlighting its advantages and limitations.
Locally formed conductive filaments in an amorphous Ga2Te3 ovonic threshold switching device
Authors: Kim Jaeyeon , Kim Wansun , Kim Jusung , Sohn Hyunchul
Published: March 2023

Ovonic threshold switching (OTS) selector devices based on chalcogenide materials are promising candidates for addressing the sneak current in high-density cross-point array structures owing to their high selectivity, high endurance, and fast switching speed. However, the OTS mechanism remains controversial and needs to be clarified. In this study, the formation of local conductive filaments (CFs) during threshold switching in an amorphous Ga2Te3 OTS selector device was investigated by electrical measurements and conductive-atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The amorphous Ga2Te3 OTS selector device requires a forming process before the threshold switching processes. In addition, the off-current density (JOFF) was dependent on the area of the bottom electrode. The difference between the threshold voltage (VTH) and the hold voltage (VH) increased as the applied higher electric field increased. The drift of VTH (VTH drift) depended on the relaxation time and measurement temperature. The requirements of the forming process, area dependence of the JOFF, the difference between the VTH−VH with the applied electric field, and VTH drift are expected to depend on locally formed CFs. In addition, the analysis of the C-AFM results strongly supports the formation of local CFs during threshold switching in an amorphous Ga2Te3 OTS selector device. The understanding of OTS behavior uncovered in this study may provide guidance for improving the characteristics of and designing materials for future applications of OTS selector devices.
Evaluation of a physically defined silicon quantum dot for design of matching circuit for RF reflectometry charge sensing
Authors: Kamioka J. , Matsuda R. , Mizokuchi R. , Yoneda J. , Kodera T.
Published: March 2023

This paper reports on the extraction of the equivalent circuit model parameters of a physically defined silicon quantum dot at a cryogenic temperature and design of the impedance matching circuits to improve the performance of a charge sensor for radio-frequency (RF) reflectometry. The I-V characteristics and the S-parameters of the quantum dot device are measured around a Coulomb peak at 4.2 K. The measured results are modeled by an RC parallel circuit, and the model parameters for the quantum dot device were obtained. We consider three impedance matching circuits for RF reflectometry of a quantum dot: shunt capacitor-series inductor type, shunt inductor-series capacitor type, and shunt inductor-series inductor-type. We formulate and compare the sensitivity and bandwidth of RF reflectometry for the three types of circuits. The analysis should be useful for selecting the optimal matching circuit and the circuit parameters for given equivalent circuit parameters and working frequency. This procedure is demonstrated for a quantum dot with the characterized model circuit along with simulated performance. This design technique of matching circuit for RF reflectometry can be applied to any device that can be represented by an RC parallel circuit. These results will facilitate to realize fast semiconductor qubit readout in various quantum dot platforms.
Research on the drag reduction characteristics and mechanism of a cylinder covered with porous media
Authors: Ji Lei , Du Hai , Yang Le-Jie , Zhang Wen-Xiao , Chen Shuo , Zhang Qin-Lin
Published: March 2023

As an effective drag reduction control method, porous media have attracted extensive attention in various engineering fields. In this paper, the large eddy simulation method is used to study the flow problem around a cylinder with and without porous media covering at subcritical Reynolds numbers. The drag reduction characteristics and the mechanism of a cylinder covered with porous media were studied. The results of the aerodynamic drag coefficient show that when the Reynolds number is 5.6 × 104 and when the porous media are arranged on the leeward side of the cylinder at an azimuth angle of 270°, the drag reduction rate is the largest, reaching 8.53%. The flow field results indicate that after porous media covering, the large-scale wake vortex shedding was effectively suppressed, the vortex shedding frequency was reduced, the vortexes in the wake area became thinner and longer, and the vorticity decreased. It is confirmed that porous media can stabilize the wake shear layer and suppress the unsteady vortex motion in the wake. Meanwhile, airflow can penetrate the porous media, leading to velocity slip at the interface between the porous media and the airflow, making the free shear layer more stable, and strengthen the wake vortex.
Significantly reduced lattice thermal conductivity with anharmonic lattice vibrations and band edge effect in electronic thermal conductivity in Ag2S1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6)
Authors: Hirata Keisuke , Singh Saurabh , Takeuchi Tsunehiro
Published: March 2023

The composition dependence of the unusual behaviors in electronic and lattice thermal conductivity, κele and κlat, in Ag2S1-xSex (x = 0–0.6 in steps of 0.1, 300 K) is investigated in detail by means of precise electron and heat transport properties measurement, synchrotron X-ray crystal structure and electron density distribution analyses, and sound velocity measurement. We reveal that the κele of Ag2S1-xSex is strongly affected by the fine electronic structure of the conduction band edge near the chemical potential and the thermoelectric motive force; therefore, these effects make the κele of Ag2S1-xSe far different from that calculated by the Wiedemann–Franz law, κele = L0σT, with the Lorentz number L0 = π2kB2/(3e2). It is also clearly demonstrated that the κlat of Ag2S1-xSex is greatly reduced by anharmonic lattice vibrations and that the magnitude of κlat is quantitatively reproduced by an equation representing the thermal conductivity under the strongest scattering limit. The κlat decreases with increasing x and saturates at 0.4 W m−1 K−1 at x ≥ 0.4. This is caused by the increasing anharmonic lattice vibrations with x, and its saturating behavior is determined by the strongest scattering limit. On the other hand, a negligibly small κele at x = 0 turns out to be non-trivial at x ≥ 0.4 owing to the increasing carrier density with x, most likely contributed by the increasing interstitial Ag defects. Consequently, the total thermal conductivity of Ag2S1−xSex becomes minimum not at x = 0.5 (composition of the maximum structure entropy) but at x = 0.3.
Failure analysis and structural optimization for rotary mechanism of large sling based on thermal–mechanical coupling analysis
Authors: Liu Jialiang , Wang Zhaohua , Wu Fenghe , Sun Yingbing
Published: March 2023

Rotary mechanism is the core part of the multi-functional sling for turning over and erecting the castings and forgings. The mechanical performance of a nail plate inside the structure determines the working safety. In this paper, the dangerous working condition of the rotary mechanism is first introduced when the castings and forgings with different diameters are clamped by the sling. Then, the temperature field and the thermal–mechanical coupling model for the nail plate are established, and the failure mode is analyzed. Next, the layout and shape of the nails on the nail plate are studied to improve the load-bearing performance. A mathematical model, taking the height and draft angle of the nail as the design variables, is established, and a new nail plate model is given. The comparison is carried out through simulation and experiment. The results show that the mechanical performances of the nail plate are significantly improved, and the failure problem of the rotary mechanism is solved.
Development of low-phytate maize inbred lines through marker-assisted introgression of lpa1
Authors: Yathish K. R. , Karjagi Chikkappa G. , Gangoliya Shivraj S. , Gadag Raveendra N. , Mallikarjuna M. G. , Sekhar Javaji C. , Das Abhijit K. , Lakshmi Soujanya P. , Kumar Ramesh , Singh Alla , Singh Shyam Bir , Rakshit Sujay
Published: March 2023

Context Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals and is considered an anti-nutritional factor because it chelates major mineral micronutrient cations, resulting in micronutrient malnutrition in humans. For monogastric animals fed maize (Zea mays L.) grains, the stored phosphorus does not release into the digestive tract, leading to phosphorus deficiency and environmental pollution. Aims The aim of the study was to develop maize lines with a lower level of phytic acid that might substantially enhance the nutritional value of maize. Methods The lpa1 mutant allele conferring low phytic acid was transferred into the parental lines of popular maize hybrid DMH 121 (i.e. BML 6 and BML 45) through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Foreground selection was performed using a co-dominant single nucleotide polymorphism marker through a high-resolution melting approach, and background selection was undertaken using 50–55 polymorphic sequence-tagged microsatellite site markers. Key results Near-isogeneic lines were produced with >90% recurrent parental genome and reduction of phytic acid content by up to 44–56% compared with the original lines. Conclusions The near-isogeneic lines carrying lpa1 can be used to reconstitute DHM 121 with low phytate content. Implications The low-phytate maize hybrids produced can be useful in reducing micronutrient malnutrition in humans, as well as environmental pollution.
Siphoning novel sources of seedling salinity tolerance from the diverse chickpea landraces
Authors: Joshi Nilesh , Pappula Reddy Sneha Priya , Kumar Neeraj , Bharadwaj Chellapilla , Tapan Kumar , Patil B. S. , Jain Pradeep Kumar , M. S. Nimmy , Roorkiwal Manish , Verma Preeti , Varshney Rajeev K. , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , K. Sudhir
Published: March 2023

Context Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) are highly sensitive to elevated salinity, particularly at initial seedling establishment stage. Seedling screening would be an effective means to identify novel sources of donors for salt tolerance. Aim This study aimed to identify salt stress tolerant genotypes at seedling stage from 50 chickpea accessions. Methods The screening of 50 chickpea accessions was done under two salinity conditions including salt stress (8 dS m−1) and control (no salt stress). Accessions were studied for morphological traits, root system architectural analysis, and CSTI (Cumulative salt tolerance index). Further, principal component analysis was conducted to validate these results for more accuracy and reliability. Key results For morphological traits, a high degree of genetic variation was seen among genotypes, and root traits were found to be the better indicators of salt stress tolerance. CSTI was used to classify the accessions; 22 (44%) were identified as salt sensitive, 21 (42%) were found to be moderately salt tolerant, and 7 (14%) had moderate to high salt tolerance. The most salt tolerant and salt sensitive genotypes were found to be ICCV10 and ILC5595, respectively. Conclusions Early seedling screening has a great potential to identify genotypes with robust root systems, which can withstand salinity. Implications We used a novel approach to classify chickpea landraces based on the combination of CSTI and principal component analysis methods. By choosing suitable donors and prospective genotypes at early growth stages, the knowledge gathered from this study may aid scientists and chickpea breeders in developing salt tolerant cultivars.
On the nature of pragmatic constituents
Authors: Graci Roberto
Published: March 2023

The present article focuses on certain points in the semantics/pragmatics debate. Among these, one of the most interesting is the possibility of reconciling, independent of the context, certain aspects of meaning which have always been the subject of discussion in formal semantics, with the view that meaning is socially and situationally conditioned. Recent new insights concerning the importance of pragmatics for enriching the propositional content of the utterance should not lead to a radical contextualism that denies the assignment of any role at all to semantics. Instead, it is possible to argue that both dimensions, semantics and pragmatics, along with their constituent parts, offer fundamental contributions to the transmission and understanding of the overall meaning of a (spoken or written) text.
Auditory brainstem response in autistic children
Authors: Cardon Garrett , Cate Madelyn , Cordingley Sarah , Bown Brittany
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Autistic individuals frequently experience sensory processing difficulties. Such difficulties can significantly impact important functions and quality of life. We are only beginning to understand the neural mechanisms of atypical sensory processing. However, one established way to measure aspects of auditory function is the auditory brainstem response (ABR). While ABR has been primarily hypothesised thus far as a means of early detection/diagnosis in autism, it has the potential to aid in examining sensory processing in this population.

Method

Thus, we investigated standard ABR waveform characteristics in age-matched groups of autistic and typically developing children during various stimulus and intensity conditions. We also examined within ear waveform cross-correlations and inter-aural cross-correlations (IACC) to assess replicability and synchrony of participants’ ABRs, which was a novel approach to ABR analysis in this population.

Results

We observed longer peak latencies (esp. wave III and V) and interpeak latencies in the autism and typically developing groups in different conditions. There were no statistically significant results in cross-correlation or IACC.

Conclusions

These results suggest that brainstem auditory function may differ slightly, but is mostly similar, between autistic and typically developing children. We discuss these findings in terms of their implications for sensory processing and future utility.
Self-healing Au/PVDF-HFP composite ionic gel for flexible underwater pressure sensor
Authors: Yin Ruiyang , Li Linlin , Wang Lili , Lou Zheng
Published: March 2023

Ionic gels can be potentially used in wearable devices owing to their high humidity resistance and non-volatility. However, the applicability of existing ionic gel pressure sensors is limited by their low sensitivity. Therefore, it is very important to develop an ionic gel pressure sensor with high sensitivity and a wide pressure detection range without sacrificing mechanical stretchability and self-healing ability. Herein, we report an effective strategy for developing pressure sensors based on ionic gel composites consisting of high-molecular-weight polymers, ionic liquids, and Au nanoparticles. The resulting capacitive pressure sensors exhibit high pressure sensitivity, fast response, and excellent self-healing properties. The sensors composed of highly hydrophobic polymers and ionic liquids can be used to track underwater movements, demonstrating broad application prospects in human motion state monitoring and underwater mechanical operations.
A binder-free CF|PANI composite electrode with excellent capacitance for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Li Kexin , Yue Gentian , Tan Furui
Published: March 2023

In this work, carbon fiber and polyaniline (CF|PANI) composites are prepared by using an electrochemical polymerization method. The morphology and composition characterization results show that the PANI nanospheres are successfully synthesized and uniformly coated on the CF. When the electrodeposition period is 300 cycles, the as-prepared CF|PANI electrode exhibits good specific capacitance of 231.63 F/g at 1 A/g, high performance of 98.14% retention rate from 0.5 to 20 A/g, and excellent cycle stability with only 0.96% capacity loss after 1000 cycles. This is ascribed to the internal resistance that was significantly reduced without binders, which helps to the CF|PANI electrode maintains high operating potential and pseudo-capacitance performance at high current density. The symmetrical supercapacitor based on two CF|PANI electrodes connecting by acidic PVA-H2SO4 gel electrolyte exhibits an energy density of 6.55 W·h/kg at a power density of 564.37 W/kg. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor based on MoS2|MWCNTs and CF|PANI electrodes with neutral PVA-Na2SO4 gel electrolyte shows an energy density of 16.12 W·h/kg at a power density of 525.03 W/kg. These results indicate that the low internal resistance contributes to the high energy density of symmetrical supercapacitors and asymmetric supercapacitors at high current density and high power density, which is significant for its practical application.
The use of machine learning methods to predict the processes and results of high-voltage electric discharge processing of titanium powder in kerosene with the implementation of volume-distributed multi-spark discharge
Authors: Prystash M S , Prystash S F , Torpakov A S , Lypian Ye V , Syzonenko O M
Published: March 2023

The possibility of using machine learning methods to predict the results of high-voltage electric discharge treatment of titanium powder in a hydrocarbon liquid is studied. Distribution surfaces for the average particle diameter of Titanium powder. The amount of Titanium carbide formed during processing, and the number of spherical particles of titanium powder depending on the interelectrode gap and the number of pulses, when using volume-distributed multi-spark discharge and with Titanium powder concentration in kerosene of 0.07 kg / dm3, pulse repetition frequency 0.3 Hz and the energy of single discharge of 1 kJ, were obtained.
The Influence of the Relative Motion Dynamics of the Wheeled Vehicle Sprung and Unsprung Part on the Motion Stability along Curved Road Sections
Authors: Nanivskyi R
Published: March 2023

The research method of the influence of the main suspension parameters on the motion stability of a wheeled vehicle was developed on the basis of a flat model of the dynamics of its relative motion. The mathematical model is a system of two nonlinear differential equations of the second order. The basic parameters of transverse angular oscillations of the sprung and unsprung part, which determine the dynamics of relative motion, are described using the basic principles of the perturbation method in combination with Ateb-functions. Kinetostatic equations and conditions of motion stability in the aggregate made it possible to determine the critical value of the steady motion speed as a function of the main parameters that characterize the suspension and the oscillations amplitudes of the sprung and unsprung part.

It was established that an increase in the oscillations amplitude of the unsprung part from 0.01 rad to 0.015 rad causes a decrease in the critical speed of steady motion by up to 35%.

The main results can serve as a basis for the suspension modernization of wheeled vehicle, and their reliability is confirmed by obtaining, in the extreme case, known results concerning suspensions with linear characteristics of elastic elements and damping devices
Approximate calculation of natural frequencies of oscillations of the diamond-shaped plates of the discrete-continuous inter-resonance vibrating table
Authors: Lanets O S , Maistruk P V , Derevenko I A , Ya Kachmar R , Hordieiev A I
Published: March 2023

Conventional single- and two-mass vibrating machines do not have a sufficient level of energy efficiency. There are vibration machines based on inter-resonance oscillating systems, which make possible the significant reduction in the use of electricity. To implement highly effective inter-resonance operation modes of vibrating machines, the oscillating masses of such a system must precisely calculate values of inertial-rigid parameters, as well as their frequency of oscillations. Since the synthesis of continuous sections into classical discrete models of multi-mass mechanical oscillating systems has recently become widespread, the most optimal option is to use a continuous member as a reactive mass of a vibrating machine. The continuous member combines inertial and stiffness parameters and makes it extremely easy to perform the reactive mass. In particular, rectangular plates are used as continuous members. The rectangular shape of the plate is not the only option for making a continuous member. This paper proposes the construction of a discrete-continuous inter-resonance vibration machine with electromagnets, where a diamond-shaped plate is used as a continuous member. The authors carried out the computation of the first natural frequency of the diamond-shaped plate using the Rayleigh-Ritz method with the equation of the hyperboloid. The determined eigenfrequency was confirmed in the Ansys software.
Bending of a plate with circular rigid inclusion and system of cracks on the assumption of strip crack face contact
Authors: Slobodian M S , Bilash O V , Seliverstov R H , Kurotchyn L R
Published: March 2023

The article presents a solution to the bending problem for an infinite isotropic plate with a circular rigid inclusion and arbitrarily oriented straight through cracks. It is assumed that under the action of an external load at infinity, the faces of all cracks are in smooth contact along a region of constant width near the upper surface of the plate. The solution is obtained using methods of the theory of functions of complex variable and complex potentials and is reduced to a system of singular integral equations, which is numerically solved by the mechanical quadrature method. On the basis of numerical analysis, the graphical dependences of the contact force, forces and moments intensity factors are constructed at various parameters of the problem.
Research of the influence of car suspension characteristics on the dynamics of its sprung part
Authors: Hrubel M.H. , Kovalchuk R.A. , Lanets O.V.
Published: March 2023

A method of determining the parameters of the car suspension has been developed, which allows taking into account the influence of the main characteristics of the suspension. In particular, the influence of static deformation, nonlinearity parameter, and such external factors as the movement of a car over rough terrain, stability of movement are taken into account. Mathematical models of vertical oscillations - dynamics of the sprung part of the vehicle with non-linear force characteristics - have been improved for the specified method. With this aim, a mathematical apparatus was developed for the analytical research of the influence of vertical oscillations on traction-speed characteristics, performance, smoothness, and stability of movement.
Prediction of strength of multi-support overground segment of main pipeline
Authors: Dzyubyk A R , Dzyubyk L W
Published: March 2023

A problem of strength of a main pipeline in its zone of rectilinear overground passage through an obstacle is considered in the given case. In the given case. It is not the overground multi-support segment alone that is included in the calculation, the adjacent underground parts which are situated at a certain distance from the ground are also taken into account here. The pipeline is described by a beam model with piece-wise constant rigidity, i. e. each segment of the pipeline i of constant rigidity. This allows us to more accurately characterize different thicknesses of pipes of the overground segment of the main pipeline in its construction. There is also assumed that the overground segment of the pipeline is freely positioned and rests on the corresponding supporting elements. The latest can be mutually adjusted for the given altitude. This allows us to evaluate the strength in repairing lifting the pipe over supports. The supporting elements can also experience elastic deformations. Their case is the mechanical compliance of component parts of the supporting assembly and, especially that of the ground under the support. The entrance and the exit of the overground segment into the ground are also considered as supporting elements. Here, they can have vertical displacements and turns. They also take into account the weight of the ground over the pipeline. The calculation of a main oil pipeline with its overground segment resting on two supports has been carried out. There are taken real conditions of operational loading caused to be the following factors: internal pressure, temperature difference, and the weight of the product transported. It has been established that the maximal values of stresses are observed in support sections and between the supports. It is shown that the stresses caused by bending moment can amount to up to half the total value. The influence of altitudes upon the value caused by bending moment stresses in the pipeline is investigated. The change of stresses caused by mechanical compliance of elements of the supports and by adjusting vertical displacements of the supports during repair was studied.