bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrain Elevation Map Synthesis Method based on Single Sample and User Sketch
Authors: Cai Xingquan , Yang Zhe , Sun Haiyan , Gozho Amanda , Ge Yakun , Cai Runbo
Published: September 2020

Terrain synthesis has been a hot topic in the field of computer graphics and image processing. However, there are still issues in terrain synthesis where synthesis results are difficult to control and not realistic enough. To address these problems, this paper proposes an interactive terrain elevation map generation method based on the synthesis of a single sample terrain elevation map. First, we propose a method to extract the skeleton from a terrain elevation map and a user sketch. Second, we construct a skeleton sample feature map based on the terrain elevation map and the user sketch. Finally, we propose a matching cost function to match image patches of the terrain sample and the user sketch. The proposed method can obtain a synthesis result containing the features of both the terrain sample and the user sketch, and then generates a synthetic terrain elevation map. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, where the synthesized results can meet the needs of users.
Limit Cycles in Planar Piecewise Linear Hamiltonian Systems with Three Zones Without Equilibrium Points
Authors: da Fonseca Alexander Fernandes , Llibre Jaume , Mello Luis Fernando
Published: September 2020

We study the existence of limit cycles in planar piecewise linear Hamiltonian systems with three zones without equilibrium points. In this scenario, we have shown that such systems have at most one crossing limit cycle.
Limit Cycles Induced by Threshold Nonlinearity in Planar Piecewise Linear Systems of Node-Focus or Node-Center Type
Authors: Wang Jiafu , He Su , Huang Lihong
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we investigate limit cycles induced by threshold nonlinearity of piecewise linear (PWL) differential systems, which are node-focus type or node-center type with the focus or the center being virtual or boundary. To get the number and stability of limit cycles, we adopt a new displacement function with a better configuration than usual. For a given parameter subregion, we exhibit the exact number or the minimum number of limit cycles. In particular, sufficient conditions are established ensuring that there are exactly two limit cycles. When the focus is boundary, we not only show that the maximum number is two, but also verify that the exact number is zero, one or two by varying parameter subregions. Finally, the exact number as well as the stability are obtained in different parameter regions for the PWL differential systems of node-center type.
Steady State Bifurcation and Patterns of Reaction–Diffusion Equations
Authors: Zhang Chunrui , Zheng Baodong
Published: September 2020

In this paper, steady state bifurcations arising from the reaction–diffusion equations are investigated. Using the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction on a square domain, a simple, and a double steady state bifurcation caused by the symmetry of spatial region is obtained. By examining the reduced bifurcation equations, complete bifurcation scenario and patterns at simple and double steady state bifurcation points are obtained. Numerical simulations support the theoretical results.
Minimal grid diagrams of 11 crossing prime alternating knots
Authors: Jin Gyo Taek , Lee Hwa Jeong
Published: September 2020

The arc index of a knot is the minimal number of arcs in all arc presentations of the knot. An arc presentation of a knot can be shown in the form of a grid diagram which is a closed plane curve consisting of finitely many horizontal line segments and the same number of vertical line segments. The arc index of an alternating knot is its minimal crossing number plus two. In this paper, we give a list of minimal grid diagrams of the 11 crossing prime alternating knots obtained from arc presentations with 13 arcs.
Characterization Results Based on Generalized Dynamic Information Measure
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Singh Nirdesh
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we consider a generalized past entropy of order [Formula: see text] and type [Formula: see text] and have characterized some distributions of random lifetimes in continuous and discrete situations. Further, we propose a weighted version of generalized past entropy for continuous and discrete cases and have proved the characterization results. Also, we study a generalized weighted residual entropy for the discrete case. At the end, the concept of generalized cumulative past entropy are also discussed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC/TiO2COMPOSITE PARTICLE MATERIAL PREPARED BY MECHANO-CHEMICAL METHOD
Authors: LIANG YU , AO WEIHUA , DING HAO , SHEN KAI
Published: September 2020

Talc/TiO2composite particle was prepared with TiO2coating on the surfaces of the talc particles by mechano-chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the microstructures and morphologies of the composite particles. The mechanism of the mechano-chemical reaction was researched by infrared spectra (IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared talc/TiO2composite particle has similar pigment properties compared with TiO2, with its hiding power 10.45[Formula: see text]g/cm3and whiteness 97.49%. The results show that TiO2coated evenly on the surfaces of the talc particles by Si–O–Ti and Mg–O–Ti bonds through surface dehydroxylation reaction.
On generalized compensation functions for factor maps between shift spaces on countable alphabets
Authors: Lacalle Camilo , Yayama Yuki
Published: September 2020

We show the existence of generalized compensation functions for a particular type of one-block factor maps [Formula: see text] between countable subshifts [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For factor maps between compact spaces, continuous compensation functions were studied by Walters in relation to the theory of relative pressure. Applying the thermodynamic formalism for sequences on countable subshifts, we generalize some existing results on factor maps between compact spaces to non-compact spaces. For related questions, we also study the existence of a preimage measure on [Formula: see text] of an invariant measure on [Formula: see text], and their relations.
Multiobjective Optimization of Two-Dimensional Phononic Bandgap Materials and Structures Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Qiu Kepeng , Jin Jianqiang
Published: September 2020

In this paper, two-dimensional phononic bandgap materials are designed through multiobjective optimization using the genetic algorithm. Two cases are given. In Case I, 2D phononic crystals (PnCs) with maximum bandgap and minimum mass are optimized. The optimal results show that the third-order relative bandgaps become large, along with the increase in mass. In Case II, 2D local resonance phononic crystals (LRPnCs) simultaneously maximizing the third and sixth relative bandgap widths (RBWs) are designed. The frequency response function of the optimized structures shows that the attenuation of elastic waves is most remarkable at the beginning frequency of the bandgap. Finally, an integrated structure, which accumulates the bandgaps of three optimized substructures, is proposed. These results provide a new approach for bandgap design.
SIZE PRECEDENCE AND SHARE VOLUME: THE CASE OF THE PSX EXCHANGE
Authors: JURICH STEPHEN N.
Published: September 2020

Most equity exchanges operate with a price-time priority market structure. Using a natural experiment, this study examines the ability of an exchange to attract share volume when size is the secondary precedence rule. In 2010, the NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. and the Philadelphia Exchange launched the PSX equity exchange with a price-size pro-rata allocation market model. When operating under a pro-rata allocation algorithm, PSX is able to attract more volume than during a price-time regime. Systemic factors are imperative, as there is substantial evidence that the PSX attracts volume in times of heightened market volatility, but PSX volume decreases when market returns are positive. Competition is increasingly important in a fragmented market. There is evidence that order routing fees and the prevalence of off-exchange trading are significant factors in the ability of the PSX to capture market share. The results are of interest to market participants, regulators, and exchange officials.
A Policy Review of Employers' Open Access to Conviction Records
Authors: Bushway Shawn D. , Kalra Nidhi
Published: September 2020

Employers would prefer not to hire people who will engage in criminal behavior for which the employer incurs costs. In the United States, employers are allowed to use publicly available conviction information to try to predict which candidates are at higher or lower risk of criminal activity. This open-records approach stands in stark contrast to closed-records systems in Europe, where only the government has access to this information and only the government can make determinations about potential employee risk. In this review, we find that ( a) US employers’ use of conviction information is not clearly aligned with the risk of future criminal behavior or employer costs, and ( b) using such information leads to hiring errors that pose costs to society. Perversely, we find that many of these problems come from government statutes around negligent-hiring lawsuits rather than from inherent preferences on the part of employers. We suggest research that would improve the use of conviction history to predict future criminal risk, and we discuss a hybrid policy for the United States in which the government, not employers, makes the final determination about employee risk. We argue that this approach may result in both better risk predictions and better alignment between employer and societal goals, creating advantages for employers, candidates, and society.
Aetiopathogenesis of Laryngotracheal Stenosis: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Gyawali Bigyan Raj , Pradhananga Rabindra Bhakta , Acharya Kunjan , Dutta Heempali , Neupane Yogesh , Baskota Dharma Kanta , Guragain Rajendra
Published: September 2020

Background. Airway stenosis is a technically challenging pathology to deal with. Various aetiologies can lead to the stenosis; however, trauma, mostly related to intubation, is the commonest so far. This study retrospectively evaluates various aetiological factors resulting in airway stenosis and the associated patient-related factors. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the common patient-related factors, aetiology, site, and mode of presentation of airway stenosis and to evaluate the duration of intubation resulting in airway stenosis. Materials and methods. This was a retrospective study carried out at the Department of ENT-HNS, Institute of Medicine, Nepal. Record files from January 2014 to January 2019 of all cases with endoscopic diagnosis of airway stenosis were evaluated. Demographic data, site, severity, aetiology, time, and mode of presentation were noted. The severity of stenosis was graded based on Cotton–Meyer (CM) classification. Results. A total of 33 cases were included in the study. The trachea and the subglottis were the frequent sites to be involved. Intubation-related trauma was the commonest aetiology with a shortest duration of intubation of only 4 days resulting in development of the stenosis. The other aetiologies were congenital, trauma, inflammation, and idiopathic. Conclusion. Trauma, mostly related to intubation, is still the commonest cause for the development of airway stenosis. Along with the duration of intubation, there are several other factors that can affect the development of stenosis. A prospective study with a large population is required to draw a definite conclusion.
Chiari Malformation and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: DuBow Anaïs , Mourot Aurélie , Tourjman Smadar Valérie
Published: September 2020

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Chiari malformations (CM), first described approximately a hundred years ago, refer to a spectrum of hindbrain malformations characterized by cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman with ADHD and concurrent Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) that was diagnosed by CT scan. There is growing evidence supporting the role of the cerebellum and its associated structures in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Thus, a cerebellar malformation such as CM may impact neurological circuitry in a manner favoring the development of a neuropsychiatric disorder such as ADHD. Our case highlights the need for further studies pertaining to the role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of ADHD and the importance of considering the presence of CM when evaluating a patient with ADHD.
Fault Location Method Based on SVM and Similarity Model Matching
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Yuan Xiaodong , Shi Mingming , Yang Jinggang , Miao Huiyu
Published: September 2020

To locate the fault location accurately and solve the problem quickly is the key to improve the power supply capacity of power grid. This paper presents a fault location method based on SVM fault branch selection algorithm and similarity matching. Firstly, an SVM-based fault branch filter classifier was constructed based on the positive sequence component feature matrix data of each monitoring point, which can accurately select the branch where the current fault is located. Then, based on the positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics, the Euclidean distance and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) are used to establish the similarity objective function of fault location. And then, the fault is accurately located by the objective function. Finally, the proposed method is validated by using an IEEE-14 node network. The results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of New Product Diffusion considering Consumer Heterogeneity
Authors: Tang Zhongjun , Zhu Huike
Published: September 2020

When a new product enters the market, individual consumers’ decision-making behavior and purchase time are uncertain. Based on the dynamics of epidemic transmission theory and agent modeling technology, this study proposes a new coupling model through the combination of the improved SEIR epidemic model and the heterogeneous agent model. This model considers consumer heterogeneity resulting from three aspects in consumers’ sensitivity, network topology, and considerations of information flow received. It aims to analyze how consumer heterogeneity affects the scale and speed of new product diffusion. The proposed model showed that consumers’ characteristics and behavior combination at the microlevel lead to the diversity of nonlinear diffusion curves at the macrolevel for new products. Moreover, a pilot study is conducted to simulate this model and examine how to estimate the model’s parameters using aggregated data about film products. The pilot study results suggested that different consumer characteristics and behavior combinations affect the scale and speed of new product diffusion to varying degrees. In different scenarios, there were significant differences in the influence of the degree of consumer heterogeneity on diffusion, accompanied by the occurrence of threshold. The results of the empirical analysis in this study are in line with reality.
A Large Cohort Study of Body Mass Index and Pancreatic Cancer by Smoking Status
Authors: Jacobs Eric J. , Newton Christina C. , Stevens Victoria L. , Patel Alpa V. , Flanders W. Dana , Gapstur Susan M.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Some evidence suggests the association between body mass index (BMI) and pancreatic cancer risk is weaker among current smokers than among never smokers.

Methods:

We examined the association between BMI and pancreatic cancer mortality among adults who reported smoking status at enrollment into Cancer Prevention Study-II in 1982, including 420,543 never smokers, 282,244 former cigarette smokers, and 219,885 current cigarette smokers. After excluding the first 3 years of follow-up to reduce reverse causation, we calculated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR).

Results:

During the full follow-up period from 1985 to 2014, 7,904 participants died of pancreatic cancer. The HR per 5 BMI units was lower among current smokers [HR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.20] than never smokers (HR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.17–1.27), although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). BMI was significantly less strongly associated with pancreatic cancer mortality among current smokers reporting ≥20 cigarettes/day (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.18) than among never smokers. During follow-up within 10 years of enrollment, when current smokers at enrollment were the most likely to have still been smoking, BMI was not associated with pancreatic cancer mortality among current smokers (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90–1.16, P = 0.03 for difference between current and never smokers). BMI HRs were similar among former and never smokers.

Conclusions:

These results support a weaker association between BMI and pancreatic cancer among current smokers than among never smokers.

Impact:

In populations with low smoking prevalence, the pancreatic cancer burden due to BMI is likely to be higher than that predicted by risk estimates from studies including substantial numbers of smokers.
Witnessing for the Middle to Depolarize the Climate Change Conversation
Authors: Socolow Robert H.
Published: September 2020

Witnessing for the middle seeks to depolarize contentious public issues and to create effective coalitions. It reveals neglected facets of a problem, clarifies the stakes, reduces hype, and facilitates the engagement of people largely on the sidelines. Regarding climate change, many forms of middle-building are under way, notably including the scenario-making that reveals alternative pathways to some specific goal. This essay explores two additional vital middle-building conversations, both focused on the goals themselves. One conversation addresses how to learn faster about how our planet can harm us. The other conversation focuses on the various ways that we can harm ourselves while pursuing nominal solutions to climate change. The two themes are complementary. The more plausible the risks of dangerous climate change, the stronger the case for risky solutions.
From Air Pollution to the Climate Crisis: Leaving the Comfort Zone
Authors: Kinney Patrick L.
Published: September 2020

While climate change poses existential risks to human health and welfare, the public health research community has been slow to embrace the topic. This isn't so much about a lack of interest as it is about the lack of dedicated funding to support research. An interesting contrast can be drawn with the field of air pollution and health, which has been an active and well-supported research area for almost fifty years. My own career journey started squarely in the latter setting in the 1980s, but transitioned to a major focus on climate and health starting around 2000. The journey has been punctuated with opportunities and obstacles, most of which still exist. In the meantime, a large body of evidence has grown on the health impacts of climate change, adding more urgency to the imperative for action. Institutionalization of climate and health within the federal regulatory and funding apparatus is now needed if we are to make the transition to zero carbon in ways that maximize health and equity benefits.
Less Talk, More Walk: Why Climate Change Demands Activism in the Academy
Authors: Green Jessica F.
Published: September 2020

As climate scholars, it is our professional responsibility to engage in climate politics. First, we need to engage in radical scientific analysis: we must ask questions that get at the root of climate change. Second, we need to plant a flag: we must be explicit about what our findings indicate we should do. This should go further than laying out the options; we must indicate which among them is preferable and why. Third, we must engage broadly, both across disciplines and beyond the academy. Many will object to the notion of engaging publicly as advocates, but the climate crisis demands nothing less. Choosing not to have a view, in the name of preserving our expertise, is an abdication of our responsibility, as both scholars and teachers.
Are Cryptocurrencies ḥalāl? On the Sharia-Compliancy of Blockchain-Based Fintech
Authors: Kirchner Irene K. F.
Published: September 2020

The discussion of the sharia-compliancy of cryptocurrencies is shaped by the competing interests of legislators, the business and banking sector, private investors and, finally, religious scholars whose conclusions are diverse and often contradictory. This essay provides an overview of historical and modern Islamic conceptions of commodities and property, money, and contract of sale laws, and how they relate to cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. In doing so, I respond to the most frequent concerns of Muslim scholars: the volatility and speculative nature of cryptocurrencies, security issues and, most commonly, the claim that cryptocurrencies are not ḥalāl because they have no intrinsic value. Finally, I show the consequences of different lines of argument for the sharia compliancy of cryptocurrencies in a case study of four cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, OneGramCoin, Steemit and Nexo.
Taxonomic discrimination of species of the genus Metapenaeus Wood-Mason, 1891 from Indian waters through morphometric and molecular studies
Authors: Chennuri Sathish , Pathak Vikas , Rao Madhusudhana , Gangan Shardul Sham , Pavan-Kumar A. , Jaiswar Ashok Kumar
Published: September 2020

The present study identified useful characters in the discrimination of species of the genus Metapenaeus, viz., Metapenaeus affinis, M. alcocki, M. brevicornis, M. dobsoni, M. kutchensis, M. monoceros and M. moyebi, in Indian waters, on the basis of morphometric and molecular studies. Out of 40 morphometric measurements, a correlation matrix of 14 morphometric measurements: carapace width, carapace depth, length of rostrum, of antennular peduncle, of telson, and of 6th abdominal somite; 6th abdominal somite depth, antennal scale length, merus length of 1st pereopod, movable finger length of 1st pereopod, movable finger length of 2nd pereopod, movable finger length of 3rd pereopod, merus length of 5th pereopod, and carpus length of 5th pereopod, were all found to be important in discriminating those seven species. The generated classification matrix showed 100% accurate classification of six species, except M. kutchensis (87.09%). DNA barcodes (588 bp) were generated for Metapenaeus brevicornis, M. dobsoni, M. ensis, M. kutchensis and M. monoceros. A simple identification key is thus proposed for nine species of Metapenaeus from Indian waters.
Unearthing 20th-century treasures: new records of deep-sea crustaceans from the Costa Rican Pacific
Authors: Azofeifa-Solano Juan C. , Vargas-Castillo Rita
Published: September 2020

We report on 13 species collected during the 1973 expedition onboard the MY “Velero IV”: seven Euphausiidae (krill), two Benthesicymidae shrimp, two Sergestidae shrimp, one Acanthephyridae shrimp, and one Portunidae crab. Four species are new records for Costa Rica: Bentheogennema burkenroadi, Gennadas scutatus, Neosergestes consobrinus, and Phorcosergia filicta.
Abortelphusa namdaphaensis, a new genus and new species of freshwater crab (Decapoda, Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Mitra Santanu
Published: September 2020

A new genus and species of gecarcinucid crab are described here from the Namdapha Tiger Reserve of Arunachal Pradesh, India; Abortelphusa namdaphaensis gen. et sp. nov. is morphologically distinct from other related genera, like Phricotelphusa Alcock, 1909, Globitelphusa Alcock, 1909, Liotelphusa Alcock, 1909, and in having a discrete suite of characters, i.e., carapace squarish, surface randomly pitted, a wide frontal margin ca. 0.5 times the total carapace width; epigastric cristae rugose, post orbital cristae indiscernible; third maxilliped exopod lacking a flagellum; male pleon narrowly triangular, sixth pleonal somite trapezoidal; terminal segment of male first gonopod subcylindrical, outwardly bent, tip not truncated. The relationship of this new genus and species with other gecarcinucid genera from India is discussed.
Wood identification of charcoal with 3D-reflected light microscopy
Authors: Zemke Valentina , Haag Volker , Koch Gerald
Published: September 2020

The present study focusses on the application of 3D-reflected light microscopy (3D-RLM) for the wood anatomical identification of charcoal specimens produced from domestic and tropical timbers. This special microscopic technique offers a detailed investigation of anatomical features in charcoal directly compared with the quality of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The advantages of using the 3D-RLM technology are that fresh fracture planes of charcoal can be directly observed under the microscope without further preparation or surface treatment. Furthermore, the 3D-technique with integrated polarized light illumination creates high-contrast images of uneven and black charcoal surfaces. Important diagnostic structural features such as septate fibres and intercellular canals can be clearly detected and intervessel pits are directly measured. The comparison of the microscopic analyses reveals that 3D-reflected light microscopy (3D-RLM) provides an effective alternative technique to conventional field emission scanning electron microscopy for the identification of carbonized wood.
Evaluating the performance of WRF urban schemes and PBL schemes over Dallas Fort Worth during a dry summer and a wet summer
Authors: Wang Jinxin , Hu Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2020

This study evaluated the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model sensitivity to different planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes (the YSU and MYJ schemes) and urban schemes including the bulk scheme (BULK), single-layer urban canopy model (UCM), multi-layer building environment parameterization (BEP) model, and multi-layer building energy model (BEM). Daily reinitialization simulations were conducted over Dallas-Fort Worth during a dry summer month (July 2011) and a wet summer month (July 2015) with weaker (stronger) daytime (nocturnal) UHI in 2011 than 2015. All urban schemes overestimated the urban daytime 2m temperature in both summers, but BEP and BEM still reproduced the daytime urban cool island in dry summer. All urban schemes reproduced the nocturnal urban heat island, with BEP producing the weakest one due to its unrealistic urban cooling. BULK and UCM overestimated the urban canopy wind speed, while BEP and BEM underestimated it. The urban schemes showed prominent impact on daytime PBL profiles. UCM+MYJ showed a superior performance than other configurations. The relatively large (small) aspect ratio between building height and road width in UCM (BEM) was responsible for the overprediction (underprediction) of urban canopy temperature. The relatively low (high) building height in UCM (BEM) was responsible for the overprediction (underprediction) of urban canopy wind speed. Improving urban schemes and providing realistic urban parameters were critical for improving urban canopy simulation.
Using Indicators of ENSO, IOD, and SAM to Improve Lead Time and Accuracy of Tropical Cyclone Outlooks for Australia
Authors: Magee Andrew D. , Kiem Anthony S.
Published: September 2020

Catastrophic impacts associated with tropical cyclone (TC) activity mean that the accurate and timely provision of TC outlooks are important to people, places, and numerous sectors in Australia and beyond. In this study, we apply a Poisson regression statistical framework to predict TC counts in the Australian region (AR; 5°–40°S, 90°–160°E) and its four subregions. We test 10 unique covariate models, each using different representations of the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), and southern annular mode (SAM) and use an automated covariate selection algorithm to select the optimum combination of predictors. The performance of preseason TC count outlooks generated between April and October for the AR TC season (November–April) and in-season TC count outlooks generated between November and January for the remaining AR TC season are tested. Results demonstrate that skillful TC count outlooks can be generated in April (i.e., 7 months prior to the start of the AR TC season), with Pearson correlation coefficient values betweenr= 0.59 and 0.78 and covariates explaining between 35% and 60% of the variance in TC counts. The dependence of models on indices representing Indian Ocean sea surface temperature highlights the importance of the Indian Ocean for TC occurrence in this region. Importantly, generating rolling monthly preseason and in-season outlooks for the AR TC season enables the continuous refinement of expected TC counts in a given season.
Observation-Based Simulations of Humidity and Temperature Using Quantile Regression
Authors: Poppick Andrew , McKinnon Karen A.
Published: September 2020

The human impacts of changes in heat events depend on changes in the joint behavior of temperature and humidity. Little is currently known about these complex joint changes, either in observations or projections from general circulation models (GCMs). Further, GCMs do not fully reproduce the observed joint distribution, implying a need for simulation methods that combine information from GCMs with observations for use in impact studies. We present an observation-based, conditional quantile mapping approach for the simulation of future temperature and humidity. A temperature simulation is first produced by transforming historical temperature observations to include projected changes in the mean and temporal covariance structure from a GCM. Next, a humidity simulation is produced by transforming humidity observations to account for projected changes in the conditional humidity distribution given temperature, using a quantile regression model. We use the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM1-LE) to estimate future changes in summertime (June–August) temperature and humidity over the continental United States (CONUS), and then use the proposed method to create future simulations of temperature and humidity at stations in the Global Summary of the Day dataset. We find that CESM1-LE projects decreases in summertime humidity across CONUS for a given deviation in temperature from the forced trend, but increases in the risk of high dewpoint on historically hot days. In comparison with raw CESM1-LE output, our observation-based simulation largely projects smaller changes in the future risk of either high or low humidity on days with historically warm temperatures.
Integrated CARE: Adaptation of Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE) Model for Use in Integrated Behavioral Pediatric Care
Authors: Scott Becky , Gurwitch Robin H. , Messer Erica Pearl , Kelley Lance P. , Myers Dennis R. , Young J. Kenneth
Published: September 2020

The authors adapted the established Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement (CARE) interaction model for use in integrated behavioral health clinics. CARE was modified for delivery in the examination room, during routine primary care visits. Adopting a real-world implementation approach, clinical social workers were trained in the new model—IntegratedCARE—and provided the brief, 3-session treatment to 30 different parent-child dyads. Measurements included the Parental Stress Index–4 Short Form (PSI 4-SF), the Eyberg Childhood Behavior Inventory (ECBI), and the Therapy Attitude Inventory (TAI). There was a statistically significant mean score decrease on the both subscales of the ECBI at pre- and posttreatment. Scores on the TAI indicated that participants were satisfied with the treatment. Attrition rates were somewhat lower than similar studies. Findings indicate the IntegratedCARE model is feasible for sustainable delivery by trained behavioral health professionals in primary care.
The Forgotten Female Offender
Authors: Price Ray R.
Published: September 2020

Until recently the female offender was generally overlooked by an overwhelmingly male-dominated criminal justice system. Information derived from an extensive search of the literature illustrates the dramatic increase of female crime; it further suggests the potential for modifying the sexist nature of the criminal justice system. Questions are raised about some popular misconceptions pertaining to the data. A review of the history of women's involvement as subjects of the criminal justice system in general, and correction in particular, reveals disparate treatment for men and women throughout that process. Both positive and negative effects of this orientation are examined.

The article then focuses on rehabilitation. Attention is directed to particular suggestions for reform, leading to a postulation of new directions in treatment of the female offender.
Evaluating Medical Devices Remotely: Current Methods and Potential Innovations
Authors: McLaughlin Anne Collins , DeLucia Patricia R. , Drews Frank A. , Vaughn-Cooke Monifa , Kumar Anil , Nesbitt Robert R. , Cluff Kevin
Published: September 2020

Objective

We present examples of laboratory and remote studies, with a focus on studies appropriate for medical device design and evaluation. From this review and description of extant options for remote testing, we provide methods and tools to achieve research goals remotely.

Background

The FDA mandates human factors evaluation of medical devices. Studies show similarities and differences in results collected in laboratories compared to data collected remotely in non-laboratory settings. Remote studies show promise, though many of these are behavioral studies related to cognitive or experimental psychology. Remote usability studies are rare but increasing, as technologies allow for synchronous and asynchronous data collection.

Method

We reviewed methods of remote evaluation of medical devices, from testing labels and instruction to usability testing and simulated use. Each method was coded for the attributes (e.g., supported media) that need consideration in usability studies.

Results

We present examples of how published usability studies of medical devices could be moved to remote data collection. We also present novel systems for creating such tests, such as the use of 3D printed or virtual prototypes. Finally, we advise on targeted participant recruitment.

Conclusion

Remote testing will bring opportunities and challenges to the field of medical device testing. Current methods are adequate for most purposes, excepting the validation of Class III devices.

Application

The tools we provide enable the remote evaluation of medical devices. Evaluations have specific research goals, and our framework of attributes helps to select or combine tools for valid testing of medical devices.
Smooth reference modulation based protection of fault current limiting DC/DC converters
Authors: Noroozi Hooman , Sadeghkhani Iman
Published: September 2020

Low voltage DC microgrids have been gaining great attention for the integration of renewable energy source and energy storage units, and electronic loads. DC microgrids are commonly controlled using the hierarchical control strategy (HCS) to provide flexible operation in both grid-connected and islanded modes. The HCS relies on proportional-integral (PI) controllers and employs the droop control strategy. To improve the fault ride-through of HCS based extra low voltage DC microgrids, this paper proposes a simple, accurate, and cost-effective current limiting strategy. The proposed control system based scheme modulates the current reference of the primary control level of HCS during an overcurrent condition using the smooth set point automatic adjustment with correction enabled technique. It properly protects the semiconductor switches of interface voltage-sourced DC-DC converters by accurate limiting their inductor currents. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that it is implemented in the available PI controller based primary control level of the HCS. Also, it does not require the converter and load data. Several case studies performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment are presented to demonstrate the superior ability of this scheme for limiting fault current in different scenarios compared to conventional current limiters.
Analytic eclecticism and International Relations: Promises and pitfalls
Authors: Chernoff Fred , Cornut Jérémie , James Patrick
Published: September 2020

Some scholars in International Relations and comparative politics continue to debate how to obtain the strongest explanatory theory whereas others hold that each approach should be treated as its own area of research. Both of these groups tend to agree that factors from across paradigms cannot be coherently combined with each other. On the contrary, Sil and Katzenstein have argued for analytic eclecticism in scholarship, which would not treat research traditions or paradigms as strict limitations on theory construction. Inspired by pragmatism, they have made a compelling case that considerations of usefulness and knowledge cumulation are more important than paradigmatic fidelity. This forum examines analytic eclecticism from the points of view of neo-empiricism, feminism, and interpretive constructivism, followed by a reply by Sil. A decade has passed since the publication of Sil and Katzenstein’s Beyond Paradigms, so it seems appropriate to reflect upon the strengths and weaknesses of analytic eclecticism.
The Editor’s Note: Who controls the market?
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: September 2020

Marketing and selling to public schools can be a lucrative business, and businesses provide valuable services to schools, although vendors’ business practices have at times sparked controversy, as Rafael Heller explains. As government policies and technological development have led to the expansion of the K-12 marketplace, authors in the October 2020 issue of Kappan express reservations about the potential influence of business in education.
Buyer beware: Using external providers to improve schools
Authors: VanGronigen Bryan A. , Meyers Coby V.
Published: September 2020

Governments have injected billions of dollars into the massive school improvement industry, but little is known about the providers that offer services and whether their services actually improve schools. Bryan VanGronigen and Coby Meyers highlight their research the topic, which has found that few states monitor and evaluate provider performance and many state-approved or recommended providers offer services not based in or informed by research. They offer considerations for school, district, and state educational leaders about how to navigate some of the many challenges present within these murky waters.
The college counseling dilemma: Information and/or advice?
Authors: Ilic Gorana , Rosenbaum James E. , Matthies Isabelle , Meissner Lynn
Published: September 2020

College counseling has become an increasingly significant part of high school counselors’ jobs, but too often, they focus primarily on college access, without paying attention to whether students are choosing the appropriate college for them. Gorana Ilic, James Rosenbaum, Isabelle Matthies, and Lynn Meissner interviewed counselors to better understand their perceptions of their role and found that, while many made an effort to provide information about college options, they were reluctant to offer personalized advice. However, first-generation students from low-income families have fewer opportunities to receive specific advice from their families. Efforts to improve college-going rates, such as by having all students complete college applications, lead many counselors and students to turn to community colleges and other schools with low admissions standards, even if such schools are an “undermatch” for students’ actual capabilities. The authors suggest that counselors need to provide more individualized advice, while being aware of an array of college options, current labor market trends, and how bias may inform their recommendations.
The authors respond
Authors: Zucker Andrew , Noyce Pendred
Published: September 2020

Andrew Zucker and Pendred Noyce respond to criticism of their article about the Next Generation Science Standards. Although the NGSSs allow teachers to incorporate science literacy into their instrucation, they believe that the standards do not emphasize such learning enough.
A teaching-and-learning approach to principal supervision
Authors: Rainey Meredith I. Honig & Lydia R.
Published: September 2020

Principal supervisors often find themselves drawn into managing logistical and operational matters, instead of helping principals become more effective instructional leaders. Yet Meredith Honig and Lydia Rainey contend that principal supervisors need to make principals’ instructional leadership their primary focus. Drawing on their work with central offices, they explain how the principal supervisors who were most effective at promoting equity and improved instruction took a teaching-and-learning approach to their work with principals. They helped principals lead their own learning and used modeling and other instructional moves to help them along the way.
Career Confidential: Teacher feels guilty that she doesn’t want to return to brick-and-mortar teaching
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: September 2020

Phyllis Fagell answers work-related questions from educators. In this column, a teacher feels guilty about deciding not to return to in-person schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. A principal wants people to understand their decision to leave administration and return to the classroom.
A Liturgical Assessment of the Ministry of benzedeiras and benzedores in Brazil
Authors: Coelho Filho Luiz Carlos T.
Published: September 2020

In this article, I present a brief theological analysis of popular faith healing practices in Brazil widely known as benzeção, by analyzing how they evolved as a response to the absence of medical care in many remote areas of the country, but also as a consequence of a lack of necessary pastoral care for the sick and public liturgies of healing until the emergence of the Liturgical Movement. Finally, I propose some approaches through which such ministries can be incorporated as inculturated expressions of rites with the sick.
What is Time? Philosophical and Eucharistic Insights
Authors: McLean Tom
Published: September 2020

This paper takes the models of time, A-theory and B-theory, from the work of J. E. McTaggart and considers them in relation to the understanding of time implied by the Eucharist. It is suggested that neither theory is able to respond to both the anamnetic and eschatological pulls of the liturgy.
The Incarnation as the Fundamental Mystery for Sacramentality in the Catholic Tübingen School
Authors: Goyvaerts Samuel
Published: September 2020

This article reveals part of the rich but unknown liturgical thought of the nineteenth-century Catholic Tübingen School. In the reflections of these German theologians on liturgy and especially the eucharist, the incarnation plays a vital role. Johann Sebastian Drey considers the incarnation as the “fundamental mystery” of the Christian faith. In this article, the importance of the incarnation for Drey’s liturgical thinking and his reflections on sacramentality are explored. Attention is also given to Drey’s student, Johann Adam Möhler. The crucial role of the incarnation for his ecclesiology has already been proven, but this article demonstrates the role of the incarnation in his liturgical and sacramental reflections. In his writings on the eucharist, he makes an interesting connection between what he calls “ongoing incarnation” and the idea of theosis. At the end of the article some contemporary liturgical theological perspectives are developed on the relevance of (ongoing) incarnation and theosis.
Online Communion, Christian Community, and Receptive Ecumenism: A Holy Week Ethnography during COVID-19
Authors: Johnson Sarah Kathleen
Published: September 2020

A significant liturgical controversy of the COVID-19 pandemic is whether Christians should celebrate communion online. Much of the discussion of online communion has been based on theological and theoretical claims, rather than concrete observations and experiences, and much of this reflection has been directed toward specific denominational contexts. In contrast, this ethnographic study centers on participant observation of twelve worship services that included communion, or would ordinarily have included communion, that occurred between Holy Thursday and Easter Sunday of April 2020 in Free Church, mainline Protestant, Anglican, and Roman Catholic settings. It takes the approach of receptive ecumenism and asks what gifts Christians from various traditions can receive from one another in relation to online communion both during and beyond times of crisis. Rather than making a case for or against celebrating communion online, it explores the ways in which community is demonstrated and effected in online communion practices.
Remember as Re-membering: The Eucharist, 1 Corinthians 11:17-34, and Profound Intellectual Disability
Authors: Land Julie Marie
Published: September 2020

In 1 Cor 11:17-34 Paul reprimands the Corinthians for the way in which they gather for worship, and addresses the Corinthians’ situation with the words of institution. This paper, exploring how the Lord’s Supper is importantly related to discerning the body of Christ and the church’s response to people on the social margins, pursues a question of the contemporary church: are we eating rightly? An examination of 1 Cor 11:17-34 reveals that the Lord’s Supper criticizes developments in society that have come to base the worth of bodies on their ability to meet society’s prized values of achievement, consumption, and production. Bodies that do not meet these aims are positioned as problems. This paper argues that people with profound intellectual disabilities, who often are placed on the social margins of both church and society, have much to teach about what it means to gather and be with one another as the church.
Efficiency comparison of historical and newly developed Weibull parameters estimation methods
Authors: Sumair Muhammad , Aized Tauseef , Gardezi Syed Asad Raza , Waqas Aslam Muhammad
Published: September 2020

This work compares the efficiency of historically used Weibull parameters estimation methods with newly developed method. Newly developed method has been termed as Combined Linearized Moment Method (CLMM). Five-year wind data at five locations namely Chaghi, Lehri, Badin, Hyderabad and Nankana Sahib (Pakistan) was used for the calculation of Weibull parameters. Efficiency was assessed and compared using R-Squared(R2), MSE, RMSE, wind error (WE), MAPE and Chi-test ([Formula: see text]). Each method was given a rank against each performance evaluation criterion and then an overall ranking was done. The study concluded that CLMM is the most accurate method among all while Empirical Method of Justus (EMJ) is the least accurate. Hence, CLMM can be used to estimate Weibull parameters for wind resource assessment with significant accuracy.