bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDIDIKAN MORAL DALAM NOVEL FONTENAY KE MAGALLIANES
Authors: Susanto Arju -
Published: August 2020

1970-an adalah merupakan tahun kejayaan sejumlah penulis perempuan sekaligus menjadi salah satu penyebab terbitnya novel serta berbagai majalah atau tabloid yang dikhususkan bagi wanita ataupun untuk masyarakat umum sehingga dibutuhkan lebih banyak bahan untuk mengisinya. Berkait dengan kenyataan tersebut, maka, penelitian novel yang berjudul Dari Fontenay ke Magallihanse  karya Nh. Dini, adalah merupakan contoh salah satu novel yang bercerita tentang kejiwaan, moral, etika, dan humanisme yang layak untuk dicermati dan diteliti.  Sebagaimana kita ketahui, konsep moral dan etika dalam perspektif filsafat dipahami sebagai sistem nilai yang berhubungan dengan baik dan buruk yang disepakati oleh masyarakat tertentu sepanjang sejarahnya. Manusia sebagai homo socius selalu terikat dengan tata nilai yang telah disepakati bersama. Oleh karena itu dimana ada masyarakat di sanalah ada hukum atau etika (ubi socius, ibi ius). Selanjutnya, lewat metode kualitatif dan mencermati nilai-nilainya khususnya hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan psikologi, moral dan etika, tokoh wanita, maka, tampak dengan jelas betapa dari analisis data dan informasi dapat diketahui bahwa dari jumlah 22 temuan/ adegan cerita (scene) yang menunjukkan adegan nilai-nilai/ kejiwaan psikologi  berjumlah 51% dan nilai-nilai etika dan moral 41%.

Kata kunci: tanggung jawab, obsesif, ambisi, cinta, dan taat.
KOALISI DAN PENGELOLAAN KOALISI, PADA PEMERINTAHAN JOKO WIDODO-JUSUF KALLA
Authors: Efriza Efriza
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the relationship between the President and the House of Representatives and the coalition government based on the three years of President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), who was trapped in inter-institutional competition as a consequence of a mixture of presidential and multi-party systems.Initialy, President Jokowi has the desire to realize a coalition based on ideology and the same program (consensus coalition) between political parties, but the reality, it is difficult to make it happen in government, finally President Jokowi re-elected a coalition of “all parties”. Using some of the basics of Scott Mainwaring and David Altman about presidential and multiparty combination systems and coalitions in presidential systems, complemented by several Coalitions. Then, complete the results of Otto Kirchheimer on Catch All Party, to outline the transformation of the party in this modern era. Accompanied by discussions on political parties in Indonesia, based on Yasraf Amir Piliang's description of political nomadism. Based on the facts and outcomes, a combination of presidential and multiparty systems and the government's management of government by President Jokowi, which manages a "fat" coalition with accommodative leadership and transactional performances. Matters relating to the harmonious relationship between the President and the House of Representatives with the consequence that the President is committed to realizing an unconditional coalition and not for the power-seats. Coalition management can be done because the choice of the party that develops as a supporter of the government is also based not only on the need for political imagery in order to encourage electoral in the political market, but also in the spirit of the party.                                                                                                                                                         Keywords: Presidential System, Coalition Government, the President-Parliament Relations, Leadership Jokowi 
PARTAI POLITIK dan SISTIM DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Muksin Ayub
Published: August 2020

The Republic of Indonesia since 1945 when it proclaimed its independent from the Dutch colonialism adopted democracy as political system. In its political development, democracy in Indonesia had many names or label. From 1945 until 1959, the Republic of Indonesia adopted and implemented which   is commonly known as Liberal Democracy. During the period of 1945 – 1959, the government of Indonesia held  successfully general election with 39 political parties as well as mass organization and group of constituens which all together 100 participants in the general election. From 1959 until 1966, democracy which was took on called Guided Democracy.During this period there was no general election eventhough some political parties were permitted to exist by the current rezime . The rezime was of the opinion that the Indonesian people was not ready yet for carrying out generah election. After aborted Communist coup d’etat at 30 September 1965, new government arised, and they called their government as New Order or Orba in Bahasa Indonesia. The new order remained to adopt democracy in political system which was labelled as Democracy Pancasila, referred to the nation and state philosophy. The new order government organized six  times general election which was held in 1971 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. In general election 1973 there was  10 political parties and 1 mass organization called Golkar, formed by government as main political power of Orba. Since 1977 the election participants were only two parties, the United Party for Development (PPP), the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and Golkar. Then Golkar developed as hegemonic party, ardent and strong supporter to the Orba government, and always winning  in every general election. When Reformation Era came in 1998, the reformation government named its democracy as Demokrasi Reformasi, and as of 1998 until now, had successfully organized 4(four) times general elections with its participants fluctuated.  In 1999’s general election the participants was 48 political parties, 2004’ election was 24 parties, 2009’ s election was 38 parties, 2014’ general election was 12 parties. For 2019’ s general election, 16 parties was declared by the General Election Commission  or KPU as participants nationally.

From theoretical perspectives on democracy, whatever labelled or named, democracy implemented  in Indonesia  formally as DEMOCRACY.

Key words : Democracy. Political Parties, General Election.
WISATA KAWASAN PECINAN KOTATUA JAKARTA: SUATU TINJAUAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA PERKOTAAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sulistyo Ary
Published: August 2020

The function of a city is not only for economic development, but also the city tells the story of the collective memory of its citizens who still exist in their past culture. These culture are the city's cultural resources for tourism. One of them is the Kotatua area of Jakarta, there is a Chinatown area, known as Glodok. This study aims to describe how the Glodok Chinatown cultural area was transformed into an urban tourist destination from the 18th century to the present. This area has many historical attractions or historical tourist destinations such as centers of sacred activity (temples / temples, and churches), as well as profane activity centers (markets, roads / alleys, etc.). Therefore the future development must refer to Law No. 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage that the use of cultural heritage must be based on protection and development not the other way around. So that it is expected that conservation-based tourism in the Glodok Chinatown area can sustain well without any changes which certainly damage the element of authenticity as Chinatown areas in Jakarta and Indonesia in general.

 

Keyword: Kotatua, Glodok, City, Cultural Heritage, Tourism
PARTISIPASI POLITIK DAN DINAMIKA DEMOKRASI DI TIDORE-MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Salim Kamaruddin
Published: August 2020

Political Participation and the Dynamics of Democracy in the City of Tidore Islands provide an interesting picture in political studies in Indonesia. In political contestation along with the passing of Direct Local Election, the people of Tidore Islands have been educated in political participation and democracy. Increased level of community political participation in the 2019 Concurrent Election. Strengthening of community patrenalistic politics with the weakening role of political parties in educating the political community. The political culture of openness with the role of political actors emerged as a civil society group that was able to influence bureaucratic policies or be involved in determining who deserved to sit in the government or in the legislature. Political dynamics characterized by the circulation of new elites in the socio-political space illustrates the future of democracy by conducting analytical descriptive research in order to understand the process of political participation and democratization which is the most important learning for people in politics.

 

Keywords:Democracy, Concurrent Election, Political Culture, and Elite Circulation

 
Religious Autobiography: Al-Munqidh mina al-Ḍalāl as an Example
Authors: Haj Yasin Ayman
Published: August 2020

Abstract This study examines the autobiographical nature of Abū Ḥamid Al-Ghazālī’s well-known autobiography, Al-Munqidh mina al-Ḍalāl, or shortly Munqidh, as known in the West. The article places Al-Ghazālī’s autobiography within the tradition of autobiographical writing in classical Arabic, particularly religious and mystical autobiographies. Special focus is given to the notion of ‘conversion’ as it is the main plot and theme of the autobiography. The study also aims to show that this autobiography is better understood in light of modern research which emphasizes that this genre, especially in medieval ages, was not only partially shaped by certain values and purposes in the moment of composition, but also was significantly crafted to achieve specific purposes and values. Keywords: autobiography, religious autobiography, Munqidh, conversion
أثر التجارة الإلكترونية على رفاهية المستهلك
Authors: Alosaimi Rawabi , Aldreebe Malak , Alssyari Nouph
Published: August 2020

الملخص:
كما هو معلوم فقد أدت التطورات الحاصلة في مجال الاتصالات وتكنلوجيا المعلومات لحدوث تغييرات في الكثير من المجالات، ولعل أحد أهم تلك المجالات ما يتعلق بالتجارة وطرق البيع، حيث ظهر نوع جديد من طرق البيع والتسويق وهو ما يسمى بالتجارة الإلكترونية كبديل للتجارة العادية أو عمليات البيع والتسوق التقليدية، وقد جاء هذا البحث لبيان أثر التجارة الالكترونية على رفاهية المستهلك، حيث استخدمت الباحثات أداة الاستبانة للوصول إلى النتائج، حيث تم توزيعها على أكثر من 300 مبحوث، وقد توصلت الدراسة على عدد من النتائج أهمها أن التجارة الالكترونية لها آثار إيجابية على رفاهية المستهلك، إلا أن المبحوثين يرون أن التسوق عبر الانترنت قد زاد من إدمان وهوس بعض الناس لشراء ما لا يحتاجونه، كما أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تثقيف المستهلكين بجميع الجوانب المتعلقة بالتجارة الإلكترونية وخاصة ما يتعلق بعمليات النصب والاحتيال التي تتم من خلال مواقع وهمية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: المستهلك، التجارة الإلكترونية، الرفاهية
Crecimiento radial en Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. y su relación con el espacio de crecimiento y los factores climáticos
Authors: Reyes-Cortés Luz M. , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús , Aldrete Arnulfo , Gómez-Guerrero Armando , Honorato-Salazar J. Amador
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La variación anual de las características de los anillos de crecimiento tiene repercusiones en la productividad y calidad de la madera.Objetivo: Evaluar el crecimiento radial en dos plantaciones de Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. de diferente edad e intensidad de aclareo, y su relación con la variación interanual de temperatura y precipitación.Materiales y métodos: Las características de los anillos de crecimiento se analizaron en muestras de madera de plantaciones de 13 y 23 años, sometidas a tres intensidades de aclareo (nulo, ligero y moderado). Las características se relacionaron con los datos climáticos de los años de formación de los anillos mediante análisis de correlación de Pearson.Resultados y discusión: En la plantación 1995, las características de los anillos no mostraron diferencias significativas (P > 0.10) entre las parcelas con y sin aclareo, debido al exceso de competencia y recesión de la copa. La anchura de anillo, de madera temprana y tardía se asociaron significativamente (P < 0.10; r ≥ 0.40) con la temperatura mínima promedio. En la plantación 2005, los árboles de las parcelas con aclareo mostraron anchura de anillos, anchura de madera temprana e incremento en área basal mayores que los de la parcela sin aclareo. En esta plantación solo la anchura de madera tardía se asoció positivamente con la temperatura (P < 0.10; r = 0.69) y negativamente con la precipitación anual (P < 0.10; r = -0.61).Conclusión: El espacio de crecimiento y la intensidad de competencia afectaron principalmente la anchura de anillo y de madera temprana. Los factores ambientales influyen en las características de los anillos.
Técnicas de estimación del volumen forestal con especial énfasis en los trópicos
Authors: Guzmán-Santiago Juan Carlos , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar A. , Vargas-Larreta Benedicto
Published: August 2020

Introducción: El volumen es una variable importante en la gestión forestal, ya que permite evaluar el crecimiento y desarrollo de los individuos en los rodales. Objetivo: Analizar las técnicas de estimación de volumen forestal con énfasis en los trópicos. Materiales y métodos: El trabajo se desarrolló con la técnica no probabilística bola de nieve, en la que mediante la bibliografía reportada en una investigación se sugirió la búsqueda de trabajos similares para enriquecer el tema. Resultados y discusión: En los bosques tropicales, las variables dasométricas proporcionan información valiosa para estimar el volumen fustal o total mediante xilómetro, fórmulas de Pressler y cubicación en pie, cuerpos dendrométricos, estimación rigurosa, método gráfico o las ecuaciones convencionales y las redes neuronales. La información volumétrica exacta solo se obtiene con la técnica del xilómetro que es la única que permite estimar el volumen mediante el método directo. La técnica de cubicación rigurosa es la más utilizada en los trópicos para obtener el volumen de las secciones, las cuales son ajustadas por las ecuaciones de tipo convencional o de redes neuronales para estimar el volumen total. La mayoría de los investigadores seleccionaron los mejores modelos mediante el coeficiente de determinación, raíz del error medio cuadrático, sesgo, prueba de Durbin-Watson y criterios de información de Akaike y de información bayesiano. Conclusión: La selección de los modelos depende directamente de los investigadores; no obstante, la técnica del xilómetro es la única que estima el volumen con el método directo y de manera precisa.
Tracking separate contributions of diesel and gasoline vehicles to roadside PM2.5 through online monitoring of volatile organic compounds and PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon: a 6-year study in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Yee Ka , Huang X. H. Hilda , Louie Peter K. K. , Yu Alfred L. C. , Chan Damgy H. L. , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Vehicular emissions contribute a significant portion to
fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in urban areas. Knowledge
of the relative contribution of gasoline- versus diesel-powered vehicles is
highly relevant for policymaking, and yet there is a lack of an effective observation-based
method to determine this quantity, especially for its robust tracking over a
period of years. In this work, we present an approach to track separate
contributions of gasoline and diesel vehicles through the positive matrix
factorization (PMF) analysis of online monitoring data measurable by
relatively inexpensive analytical instruments. They are PM2.5 organic
and elemental carbon (OC and EC), C2–C9 volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) (e.g., pentanes, benzene, xylenes, etc.), and nitrogen
oxide concentrations. The method was applied to monitoring data spanning
more than 6 years between 2011 and 2017 in a roadside environment in Hong Kong.
We found that diesel vehicles accounted for ∼70 %–90 % of
the vehicular PM2.5 (PMvehicle) over the years and the remainder
from gasoline vehicles. The diesel PMvehicle during truck- and
bus-dominated periods showed declining trends simultaneous with control
efforts targeted at diesel commercial vehicles and franchised buses in the
intervening period. The combined PMvehicle from diesel and gasoline
vehicles by PMF agrees well with an independent estimate by the EC-tracer
method, both confirming PMvehicle contributed significantly to the
PM2.5 in this urban environment (∼4–8 µg m−3, representing 30 %–60 % in summer and 10 %–20 % in winter). Our
work shows that the long-term monitoring of roadside VOCs and PM2.5 OC and
EC is effective for tracking gaseous and PM pollutants from different
vehicle categories. This work also demonstrates the value of an
evidence-based approach in support of effective control policy formulation.
The impact threshold of the aerosol radiation forcing on the boundary layer structure in the pollution region
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Xin Jinyuan , Gong Chongshui , Quan Jiannong , Wang Yuesi , Tang Guiqian , Ma Yongxiang , Dai Lindong , Wu Xiaoyan , Liu Guangjing , Ma Yongjing
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the relation between particulate matter (PM) pollution and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structure. However, this has yet to be fully understood because most studies have been superficial. This study aimed to qualitatively assess the interaction between PM and ABL structure in essence, and to further quantitatively estimate the effects of aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) on the ABL structure. Multi-episode contrastive analysis stated the key to determining whether haze outbreak or dissipation was the ABL structure (i.e., stability and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE)) satisfied relevant conditions. However, it seemed that the ABL structure change was in turn highly related to the PM level and ARF. |SFC-ATM| (SFC and ATM is respectively the ARF at the surface and interior of the atmospheric column) is the absolute difference between ground and atmosphere layer ARFs, and the change in |SFC-ATM| is linearly related to the PM mass concentration. However, the influence of ARF on the boundary layer structure is nonlinear. With increasing |SFC-ATM|, the TKE level exponentially decreased, which was notable in the lower layers/ABL but disappeared above the ABL. Moreover, the threshold of the ARF effects on the ABL structure was determined for the first time, namely, once |SFC-ATM| exceeded ~ 55 W m−2, the ABL structure would quickly stabilize and would thereafter change little with increasing ARF. The threshold of the ARF effects on the boundary layer structure could provide useful information for relevant atmospheric environment improvement measures and policies, such as formulating the objectives of phased air pollution control.
Detection of the cloud liquid water path horizontal inhomogeneity in a coastline area by means of ground-based microwave observations: feasibility study
Authors: Kostsov Vladimir S. , Ionov Dmitry V. , Kniffka Anke
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Improvement of cloud modelling for global and
regional climate and weather studies requires comprehensive information on
many cloud parameters. This information is delivered by remote observations
of clouds from ground-based and space-borne platforms using different
methods and processing algorithms. Cloud liquid water path (LWP) is one of
the main obtained quantities. Previously, measurements of LWP by the
SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) and AVHRR (Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer) satellite instruments provided evidence for the
systematic differences between LWP values over land and water areas in
northern Europe. An attempt is made to detect such differences by means of
ground-based microwave observations performed near the coastline of the Gulf
of Finland in the vicinity of St Petersburg, Russia. The microwave
radiometer (RPG-HATPRO, Radiometer Physics GmbH – Humidity And Temperature PROfiler), located 2.5 km from the coastline, is functioning in
the angular scanning mode and is probing the air portions over land (at
an elevation angle of 90∘) and over water (at seven elevation angles
in the range 4.8–30∘). The influence of the
land–sea LWP difference on the brightness temperature values in the 31.4 GHz
spectral channel has been demonstrated, and the following features have been
detected: (1) an interfering systematic signal is present in the 31.4 GHz
channel, which can be attributed to the humidity horizontal gradient, (2) clouds
over the opposite shore of the Gulf of Finland mask the LWP gradient effect.
Preliminary results of the retrieval of LWP over water by the statistical
regression method applied to the microwave measurements by HATPRO in the
31.4 and 22.24 GHz channels are presented. The monthly averaged results
are compared to the corresponding values derived from the satellite
observations by the SEVIRI instrument and from the reanalysis data.
Characteristics and performance of wind profiles as observed by the radar wind profiler network of China
Authors: Liu Boming , Guo Jianping , Gong Wei , Shi Lijuan , Zhang Yong , Ma Yingying
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Wind profiles are fundamental to the research and
applications in boundary layer meteorology, air quality and numerical
weather prediction. Large-scale wind profile data have been previously
documented from network observations in several countries, such as Japan,
the USA, various European countries and Australia, but nationwide wind
profiles observations are poorly understood in China. In this study, the
salient characteristics and performance of wind profiles as observed by the
radar wind profiler network of China are investigated. This network consists
of more than 100 stations instrumented with 1290 MHz Doppler radar designed
primarily for measuring vertically resolved winds at various altitudes but
mainly in the boundary layer. It has good spatial coverage, with much denser
sites in eastern China. The wind profiles observed by this network can
provide the horizontal wind direction, horizontal wind speed and vertical
wind speed for every 120 m interval within the height of 0 to 3 km. The
availability of the radar wind profiler network has been investigated in
terms of effective detection height, data acquisition rate, data confidence and data accuracy. Further comparison analyses with reanalysis data indicate
that the observation data at 89 stations are recommended and 17 stations
are not recommended. The boundary layer wind profiles from China can provide
useful input to numerical weather prediction systems at regional scales.
Cryogenic cave carbonates in the Dolomites (Northern Italy): insights into Younger Dryas cooling and seasonal precipitation
Authors: Koltai Gabriella , Spötl Christoph , Cheng Hai
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In the European Alps, the Younger Dryas (YD) was characterized by the last major glacier advance with equilibrium line altitudes being ~ 220 to 290 m lower than during the Little Ice Age and also by the development of rock glaciers. Dating of these geomorphic features, however, is associated with substantial uncertainties leading to considerable ambiguities on the internal structure of this stadial, the most intensively studied one of the last glacial period. Here we provide robust physical evidence based on precise 230Th-dated cryogenic cave carbonates (CCC) coupled with thermal modelling indicating that early YD winters were only moderately cold in the Southern Alps, challenging the commonly held view of extreme YD seasonality. Our data argue for a negative temperature anomaly of ≤ 3 °C in mean annual air temperature at the Allerød-YD transition in a mountain cave (Cioccherloch, 2274 m a.s.l.) in the Dolomites of northern Italy. Our data suggest that autumns and early winters in the early part of the YD were relatively snow-rich, resulting in a stable winter snow cover. The latter insulated the shallow subsurface in winter and allowed the cave interior to remain close to the freezing point (0 °C) year-round, promoting CCC formation. The main phase of CCCs precipitation at ~ 12.2 ka BP coincides with the mid-YD transition recorded in other archives across Europe. Based on thermal modelling we propose that CCC formation at ~ 12.2 ka BP was most likely associated with a slight warming of approximately +1 °C in conjunction with drier autumns and early winters in the second half of the YD. These changes triggered CCC formation in this alpine cave as well as ice glacier retreat and rock glacier expansion in the Alps.
Comparison of ocean vertical mixing schemes in the Max Plank Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2)
Authors: Gutjahr Oliver , Brüggemann Nils , Haak Helmuth , Jungclaus Johann H. , Putrasahan Dian A. , Lohmann Katja , von Storch Jin-Song
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We compare the effects of four different ocean vertical mixing schemes on the ocean mean state simulated by the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2) in the framework of the Community Vertical Mixing (CVMix) library. Besides the PP and KPP scheme, we implemented the TKE scheme and a recently developed prognostic scheme for internal wave energy and its dissipation (IDEMIX) to replace the often assumed constant background diffusivity in the ocean interior. We analyse in particular the effects of IDEMIX on the ocean mean state, when combined with TKE (TKE+IDEMIX). In general, we find little sensitivity of the ocean surface, but considerable effects for the interior ocean. Overall, we cannot classify any scheme as superior, because they modify biases that vary by region or variable, but produce a similar pattern on the global scale. However, using a more realistic and energetically consistent scheme (TKE+IDEMIX) produces a more heterogeneous pattern of vertical diffusion, with lower diffusivity in deep and flat-bottom basins and elevated turbulence over rough topography. In addition, TKE+IDEMIX improves the circulation in the Nordic Seas and Fram Strait, thus reducing the warm bias of the Atlantic water (AW) layer in the Arctic Ocean to a similar extent as has been demonstrated with eddy-resolving ocean models. We conclude that although shortcomings due to model resolution determine the global-scale bias pattern, the choice of the vertical mixing scheme may play an important role for regional biases.
TOWARDS SEAMLESS INDOOR-OUTDOOR POSITIONING: THE IOPES PROJECT APPROACH
Authors: Angelats E. , Navarro J. A. , Parés E.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The management of emergencies require the use of multiple resources that must be coordinated to achieve the best possible results. For a good decision-making process, the availability of timely and reliable information about the variables on which such process rely is crucial. Among these variables, the ability to track the position in the field - either outdoors or indoors - of the members of the emergency teams it is of special importance. The IOPES project targets at improving an existing, already operational emergency management system where the tracking of operative staff is integrated. This paper concentrates only in the positioning aspect of IOPES - which encompasses other subsystems, such as portable communications or fast mapping - and describes the approach adopted by the project to perform such integration. This includes the concept itself, the hardware selected and well as the algorithms used to implement a portable, lightweight positioning device able to provide seamless indoor / outdoor positioning that will make possible the real-time tracking of personnel in the field. Promising preliminary results for mixed indoor-outdoor trajectories are as well presented.
AN APPROACH ON ADVANCED UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER FROM MOBILE ROBOT-SLAM
Authors: Yan L. , Zhao L.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In the past 30 years, Kalman filter is a classical method to solve the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of mobile robots. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) are derived from Kalman filter. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) overcomes the nonlinear problem that Kalman filter cannot solve. However, when it is strongly nonlinear, EKF violates the assumption of local linearity, and EKF algorithm may make the filter diverge. Secondly, because the Jacobian matrix is needed in the online processing of EKF, its tedious calculation process makes the implementation of this method relatively difficult. Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) uses nonlinear model directly, avoids operation of Jacobian matrix of complex nonlinear function, and ensures the general adaptability of nonlinear system. In this paper, based on the square root unscented Kalman filter, sigma points are selected according to the square-root decomposition of prior covariance, and then weighted mean and covariance are calculated. The quaternion is used to represent the attitude, and the quaternion vector is converted to the rotation space for matrix operation. Comparing the robot poses estimated based on the square root traceless Kalman filter (QSR-UKF), square root traceless Kalman filter (SR-UKF), and extended Kalman filter (EKF), the simulation results show the QSR-UKF proposed in this paper is effective.
DEVELOPING AN INTELLIGENT FIRE ALARMING, MONITORING AND RESCUING SYSTEM USING UAV
Authors: Nembhnani J. , Yadav A. , Biswas S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Fire alarm methods become increasingly complicated and functionally more competent and responsible in recent years. All are intended to fulfill the conditions: protection of property and assets and protection of life. Audio and visual signs are sent to notify people about concerning fire or CO concentration in range zone along with UAV this all is part of fire alarm assembly. Fire sirens and sensors are usually set in fire alarm operations for more effective safety for nearby formations. The advanced fire alarm sign comprises using either a sound or a flash and some additional features such as sending a message or a phone call or e-mail and it will also help us know about the smoke level and temperature of the fire. Its important part is that it will have the priority to save the life of people as well as prevent the infrastructure from the fire so to do the job simultaneously the advanced features are utilized this also includes using IoT to use it wirelessly with UAV and CCTV which will help in audio and visuals for the accident site along with that it will also send message to people living near the accident location so that they can help people by rescuing them.
BODY OF KNOWLEDGE FOR THE EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION SECTOR – A BASIS FOR INNOVATIVE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Stelmaszczuk-Górska M. A. , Aguilar-Moreno E. , Casteleyn S. , Vandenbroucke D. , Miguel-Lago M. , Dubois C. , Lemmens R. , Vancauwenberghe G. , Olijslagers M. , Lang S. , Albrecht F. , Belgiu M. , Krieger V. , Jagdhuber T. , Fluhrer A. , Soja M. J. , Mouratidis A. , Persson H. J. , Colombo R. , Masiello G.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. With new Earth Observation (EO) and Geoinformation (GI) data sources increasingly becoming available, evermore new skills for data collection, processing, analysis and application are required. They are needed not only from scientists, but also from practitioners working in businesses, public and private EO*GI and related sectors. Aligning the continuously evolving skill sets demanded by the market and existing academic and vocational training programmes is not an easy task. Training programmes should be grounded in real needs of the sector and its labour market. To do this, it is necessary to identify the knowledge and skills needed, and map their interconnectivity in specific frameworks, which can later be used for the definition of new curricula or job-oriented learning paths. This paper presents a framework for the EO*GI sector, based on a Body of Knowledge (BoK), by creating a complete set of concepts with a semantic structure underneath that supports academia and industry. Creating and updating the BoK is supported by an editing tool, the Living Textbook and by experts in the EO*GI domain, who contributes to the BoK’s enrichment.
PHOTOMATCH: AN OPEN-SOURCE MULTI-VIEW AND MULTI-MODAL FEATURE MATCHING TOOL FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC APPLICATIONS
Authors: González-Aguilera D. , Ruiz de Oña E. , López-Fernandez L. , Farella E. M. , Stathopoulou E. K. , Toschi I. , Remondino F. , Rodríguez-Gonzálvez P. , Hernández-López D. , Fusiello A. , Nex F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Automatic feature matching is a crucial step in Structure-from-Motion (SfM) applications for 3D reconstruction purposes. From an historical perspective we can say now that SIFT was the enabling technology that made SfM a successful and fully automated pipeline. SIFT was the ancestor of a wealth of detector/descriptor methods that are now available. Various research activities have tried to benchmark detector/descriptors operators, but a clear outcome is difficult to be drawn. This paper presents an ISPRS Scientific Initiative aimed at providing the community with an educational open-source tool (called PhotoMatch) for tie point extractions and image matching. Several enhancement and decolorization methods can be initially applied to an image dataset in order to improve the successive feature extraction steps. Then different detector/descriptor combinations are possible, coupled with different matching strategies and quality control metrics. Examples and results show the implemented functionality of PhotoMatch which has also a tutorial for shortly explaining the implemented methods.
D3MOBILE METROLOGY WORLD LEAGUE: TRAINING SECONDARY STUDENTS ON SMARTPHONE-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Ortiz-Sanz J. P. , Gil-Docampo M. , Rego-Sanmartín T. , Arza-García M. , Tucci G. , Parisi E. I. , Bonora V. , Mugnai F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The advent of the smartphones brought with them higher processing capabilities and improved camera specifications which boosted the applications of mobile-based imagery in a range of domains. One of them is the 3-D reconstruction of objects by means of photogrammetry, which now enjoys great popularity. This fact brings potential opportunities to develop educational procedures in high schools using smartphone-based 3-D scanning techniques. On this basis, we designed a Project Based e-Learning (PBeL) initiative to introduce secondary students to the disciplines of photogrammetry through the use of their mobile phones in an attractive and challenging way for them. The paper describes the motivation behind the project "D3MOBILE Metrology World League”, supported by ISPRS as part of the "Educational and Capacity Building Initiative 2020" programme. With this Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) initiative, we implement a methodology with the format of an international competition, that can be adapted to daily classwork at the high school level anywhere in the world. Therefore, the championship is essentially structured around a collection of well-thought-out e-learning materials (text guidelines, video tutorials, proposed exercises, etc.), providing a more flexible access to content and instruction at any time and from any place. The methodology allows students to gain spatial skills and to practice other transversal abilities, learn the basics of photogrammetric techniques and workflows, gain experience in the 3-D modelling of simple objects and practice a range of techniques related to the science of measurement.
PRODUCTION OF ISO-INTENSITY MAP FOR THE ELAZIG EARTHQUAKE (JAN 24, 2020) USING CITIZEN COLLECTED GEODATA
Authors: Yalcin I. , Kocaman S. , Gokceoglu C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Earthquake, depending on its intensity and location of epicentre, is one of the destructive hazards. Disaster mitigation after a severe earthquake are important to minimize its detrimental effects. Nowadays, several scientific disciplines, such as biodiversity, ecology, geosciences, natural hazards etc., utilize the Citizen Science (CitSci) approaches for various purposes, since the relevant attributes can easily be provided by non-experts with mobile devices. With the CitSci method, disaster related information can be identified and provided rapidly by locals during or after a disaster. Timely, in-situ data after an earthquake can also be collected with CitSci approaches via mobile devices, which can be even more important for all countries. In addition, scientific studies on earthquakes can be enriched and accelerated by using the information provided by volunteers. By collecting reliable data with the CitSci method, the disaster mitigation efforts can be improved, and losses may be decreased. This study aims at developing a CitSci pilot project by using the data collected by volunteers (citizens) to reduce the need for field work in creating earthquake iso-intensity maps and produce them promptly. The present study was based on the 6.8 Mw Elazig earthquake occurred at 20:55 UTC on January 24th, 2020. Through the mobile application “I felt the quake”, the observations of citizens regarding the earthquake were collected. The intensities were revised from the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. With the help of data, an iso-intensity map was created and compared to the map produced by The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), Turkey.
Rainfall and rockfalls in the Canary Islands: assessing a seasonal link
Authors: Melillo Massimo , Gariano Stefano Luigi , Peruccacci Silvia , Sarro Roberto , Mateos Rosa Marìa , Brunetti Maria Teresa
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Rockfalls are frequent and harmful phenomena occurring in mountain ranges,
coastal cliffs, and slope cuts. Although several natural processes occur in
their formation and triggering, rainfall is one of the most common causes.
The prediction of rock failures is of social significance for civil
protection purposes and can rely on the statistical analysis of past
rainfall conditions that caused the failures. The paper describes the
analysis of information on rainfall-induced rockfalls in Gran Canaria and
Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). An analysis of the monthly rainfall versus the monthly distribution of rockfalls reveals that they are correlated for most of the year, except in summer, when other triggers act to induce collapses. National and regional catalogs with hourly and daily rainfall measurements are used to reconstruct the cumulated amount (E) and the duration (D) of the rainfall responsible for the rock failures. Adopting a consolidated statistical approach, new ED rainfall thresholds for possible rockfall occurrence and the associated uncertainties are calculated for the two test sites. As far as is known, this is the first attempt to predict this type of failure using the threshold approach. Using the rainfall information, a map of the mean annual rainfall is obtained for Gran Canaria and Tenerife, and it is used to assess the differences between the thresholds. The results of this study are expected to improve the ability to forecast rockfalls in the Canary Islands in view of implementing an early-warning system to mitigate the rockfall hazard and reduce the associated risk.
Sparse 3D reflection seismic survey for deep-targeting iron-oxide deposits and their host rocks, Ludvika Mines-Sweden
Authors: Malehmir Alireza , Markovic Magdalena , Marsden Paul , Gil Alba , Buske Stefan , Sito Lukasz , Bäckström Emma , Sadeghi Martiya , Luth Stefan
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Many metallic mineral deposits have sufficient contrasts, particularly density, to be detectable using seismic methods. These deposits are sometimes significant for our society, economic growth and can help to accelerate the energy transition towards decarbonization. However, their exploration at depth requires high-resolution and sensitive methods. Following a series of 2D seismic trials, a sparse, narrow source-receiver azimuth, 3D seismic survey was conducted in the Blötberget mine, in central Sweden, covering an area of approximately 6 km2 for deep targeting iron-oxide deposits and their host rock structures. The survey benefited from a collaborative work by putting together 1266 seismic recorders and a 32t vibrator generating 1056 shot points in a fixed geometry setup. A linear sweep ranging from 10–160 Hz and 20 s long was generated three times per shot point. Shots were fired at every 10 m where possible and receivers placed at every 10–20 m. Notable quality data were acquired although the area is dominated by swampy places as well as by built-up roads and historical tailings. The data processing had to overcome these challenges in particular for the static corrections and strong surface-waves. A tailored for hardrock-setting-processing workflow was developed for handling such a dataset, where the use of mixed 2D and 3D refraction static corrections were relevant. The resulting seismic volume is rich in terms of reflectivity with clear southeast dipping reflections originated from iron-oxide deposits extending vertically and laterally at least 300 m beyond what was known from boreholes. We estimate potential additional resources from the 3D reflection seismic experiment on the order of 10 Mt worth drilling for detailed assessments. The mineralization is crosscut by at least two major sets of northwest dipping reflections interpreted to be dominantly normal faults and responsible for much of the lowland in the Blötberget area. Moreover, these post-mineralization faults likely control the current 3D geometry of the deposits. Curved and submerged reflections interpreted from folds or later intrusions are also observed showing the geological complexity of the study area. The seismic survey also delineates the near-surface expression of a historical tailing as a by-product of refraction static corrections demonstrating why 3D seismic data. The sparse 3D survey illustrates that performing cost-effective reflection surveys for mineral exploration is achievable if they are conducted and planned carefully, systematically and based on earlier experiences.
Seasonal changes in sea ice kinematics and deformation
in the Pacific Sector of the Arctic Ocean in 2018/19
Authors: Lei Ruibo , Hoppmann Mario , Cheng Bin , Zuo Guangyu , Gui Dawei , Cai Qiongqiong , Belter H. Jakob , Yang Wangxiao
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Arctic sea ice kinematics and deformation play significant roles in heat and momentum exchange between atmosphere and ocean. However, mechanisms regulating their changes at seasonal scales remain poorly understood. Using position data of 32 buoys in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean (PAO), we characterized spatiotemporal variations in ice kinematics and deformation for autumn–winter 2018/19. In autumn, sea ice drift response to wind forcing and inertia were stronger in the southern and western than in the northern and eastern parts of the PAO. These spatial heterogeneities decreased gradually from autumn to winter, in line with the seasonal evolution of ice concentration and thickness. Areal localization index decreased by about 50 % from autumn to winter, suggesting the enhanced localization of intense ice deformation as the increased ice mechanical strength. In winter 2018/19, a highly positive Arctic Dipole and a weakened high pressure system over the Beaufort Sea led to a distinct change in ice drift direction and an temporary increase in ice deformation. During the freezing season, ice deformation rate in the northern part of the PAO was about 2.5 times that in the western part due to the higher spatial heterogeneity of oceanic and atmospheric forcing in the north. North–south and east–west gradients in sea ice kinematics and deformation of the PAO observed in autumn 2018 are likely to become more pronounced in the future as sea ice losses at higher rates in the western and southern than in the northern and western parts.
Introduction
Authors: Murphy Michael Warren , Smith Jackie , Manning Patrick , Mostern Ruth
Published: August 2020

Work for reparations requires interventions by world historians to bear witness to the brutalities of the past as part of a process that seeks truth and reconciliation, along with some measure of accountability and restitution.  Shifting our lens to encompass world history exposes the varied effects of slavery and the slave trade, and it allows us to interrogate national boundaries and hegemonic histories. It also makes visible the myriad forms of resistance to the capitalist world-system, nurturing the radical imagination of alternatives. We discuss work in the United Nations and other global political spaces to advance demands for reparations and introduce contributions to this symposium.
Nuclear Weapons and the Treadmill of Destruction in the Making of the Anthropocene
Authors: Lengefeld Michael
Published: August 2020

This research analyzes the human dimensions of environmental degradation and injustice in the age of nuclear weapons. Human societies are fundamentally linked to global environmental systems and are transforming ecological conditions in dramatic ways, such that the current epoch has been termed the Anthropocene. This article highlights the human health consequences, ecological transformations, and threats to biodiversity imposed by military institutions in the Anthropocene; emphasizing how these outcomes can be traced to specific interrelated sets of processes and generative conditions. I advance the treadmill of destruction theory as one useful theoretical framework for examining these socio-ecological interrelationships. The investigation focuses on the institutional foundations of nuclear war strategy and preparations for nuclear war, and their interactions with ecosystems. I provide an analysis of the American nuclear weapons production process, revealing how a treadmill of destruction emerged after World War II. This analysis of how the developmental dynamics of nuclear weapons have changed over time brings greater clarity to the Anthropocene concept and the distinct role of military institutions in shaping the new era.
The World Ecology of Desalination
Authors: O'Neill Brian F
Published: August 2020

World-systems scholars are increasingly engaged in issues at the intersection of ecological and economic concerns since the proliferation of debates on the Anthropocene. Recently, the alternative concept of Capitalocene—age of Capital—has emerged to draw attention to the world-ecological disruption of capitalism founded on cheap nature appropriation at ever-emerging extraction zones. This paper extends these discussions to the oceanic frontier, as the latest trend in the abstraction of value from the environment. Based on original archival research conducted in the context of a larger ethnographic project on the politics of industrial desalination—creating potable water from the sea—the article analyzes how this practice emerged in two phases. First, the Cold War opened the ocean as a commodity frontier during the pax Americana. Then, when this technopolitical agenda stagnated, financialization techniques were deployed to appropriate seawater, utilizing a mode of financial engineering—desalination via financialization reinstates the cultural hegemony of the Capitalocene that privileges infrastructure for water supply management solutions. As such, the article highlights the co-production of nature with financial capitalism.