bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Happily unaccountable? Perceptions of accountability by public managers
Authors: Maggetti Martino , Papadopoulos Yannis
Published: January 2022

This paper opens up the black box of agencies’ accountability relationships and zooms in on their top managers and the perceptions of accountability thereof. So far, very few studies have examined how agency managers perceive and experience attempts to control the public sector organizations that they manage. The paper seeks to address this gap through a focus on “felt” accountability, denoting (1) a manager’s (more or less high) expectation to have to explain substantive decisions to a parent department perceived, (2) to have (more or less) the expertise, and (3) to be (more or less) in a legitimate position to assess those decisions. We empirically explore in two steps (using quantitative and qualitative data) agencies’ felt accountability to the parent department in Switzerland, which presents a puzzling case of relatively low accountability according to a survey of agency managers in seven established democracies (Australia, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). Our findings point to the differences between regulatory and non-regulatory agencies and show that the former’s perception of being weakly accountable largely stems from the passive attitude of the parent ministry as official accountability forum. Agency managers interpret this attitude as a manifestation of respect for the agencies’ independence, but also as a consequence of the forum’s lack of time and expertise. In some cases, the parent ministry is not even considered to be the relevant accountability forum, suggesting that this accountability relationship is just one facet of the accountability regime in which agencies are embedded.
Performance analysis of nano-refrigerants used in the vapor compression refrigeration system using MATLAB-Simulink
Authors: Katoch Anirudh , Razak Fadil Abdul , Suresh Arjun , BS Bibin , Gundabattini Edison
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the performance of four nano-refrigerants (CuO-R113a, Al2O3-R134a, ZnO-R152a, and TiO2-R600a) in terms of coefficient of performance and compressor power consumption using a MATLAB-Simulink two-phase flow domain vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The analyses are done for volume concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% of nanoparticles in the base-refrigerants. The results are derived mathematically in the Simulink model. The thermophysical properties of base-refrigerants were derived using the NIST chemistry webbook, and various mathematical models were applied to base-refrigerants to calculate the properties of nano-refrigerants. The interpolation of the liquid–vapor region was done using MS Excel. It was found that nano-refrigerants have better heat transfer characteristics and showed the best performance at a lower optimum concentration of 0.1%. Nano-refrigerant combinations have been tested in real-time and model validations; inferences have been duly reported.
Computation of thermo-solutal convection with soret-dufour cross diffusion in a vertical duct containing carbon/metallic nanofluids
Authors: Umavathi Jawali C. , Bég O Anwar
Published: January 2022

Duct flows constitute an important category of modern thermal engineering. Optimizing efficiency has become a significant objective in the 21st century in, for example, heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC), coolant or heat transfer fluid flows in a nuclear power reactor, heat exchanger design etc., and this has been achieved by either new materials (improved thermal insulation properties) constituting the duct walls, novel geometric designs, or improved working fluids. Nanotechnology has infiltrated into duct design in parallel with many other fields of mechanical, medical, and energy engineering. Motivated by the excellent potential of nanofluids, a subset of materials engineered at the nanoscale, in the present work, a new mathematical model is developed for natural convection in a rectangular vertical duct containing nanofluid. The left and right walls of the duct are maintained at constant and unequal temperatures, while the front and rear walls of the duct are insulated. Thermo-solutal (double-diffusive) natural convection of aqueous nanofluid containing various metallic nanoparticles (e. g., copper and titanium oxide) or carbon-based nanoparticles (e. g., diamond and silicon oxide) is simulated. The Tiwari–Das nanoscale volume fraction model is used in addition to the Brinkman and Maxwell models for defining the properties of the nanofluid. The partial differential conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy are non-dimensionalized via appropriate transformations and the resulting boundary value problem is solved with a second-order accurate implicit finite difference technique employing Southwell-Over-Relaxation (SOR). Mesh independence tests are conducted. Extensive visualization of the solutions for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration (volume fraction) are presented for five different nanoparticles (silicon oxide, diamond, copper, titanium oxide, and silver), thermal Grashof number, nanoparticle species (solutal) Grashof number, volume fraction of nanoparticles (i.e., percentage doping), Dufour number, Soret number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and duct aspect ratio. It is observed that the heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) at both the walls is maximized for diamond nanoparticles and minimized for silicon oxide nanoparticles. Further, the heat transfer rate for clear fluid is lower when compared with nanofluid, confirming that nanoparticles achieve the desired thermal enhancement at the boundaries also. The mass transfer at both walls (Sherwood number), however, is not significantly influenced by any particular type of nanoparticle, thermal and concentration Grashof number and is depleted with higher values of Dufour, Prandtl, Soret, and Schmidt numbers in addition to aspect ratio. However, Sherwood numbers at both the left and right duct walls are substantially boosted with greater solid volume fraction of nanoparticles.
A novel variable geometry turbine achieved by elastically restrained nozzle guide vanes. Part II: Experimental evaluation
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Ma Chaochen , Liyong Huang
Published: January 2022

The current paper presents the performance results of a variable-flow turbocharger turbine, called the “elastically restrained guide vane (ERGV)” turbine, which is intended to provide an improvement over the current state-of-the-art turbochargers, namely, the variable geometry turbocharger (VGT). This paper is a continuation of the previous work and concentrates on the experimental testing of the ERGV turbine performance, as well as the corresponding effects on the mass flow characteristic as a result of operating the turbocharger in its ERGV mode compared with its operation as a traditional VGT. The effects of the ERGV application are demonstrated through the first experimental testing. In this preliminary attempt, the range of the mass flow rate is effectively enlarged, and the new mass flow characteristic lines can pass through the two and three lines separately of the original turbine for the two spring stiffness operations. The results of this study were encouraging with respect to the potential of ERGV to replace the traditional VGT in particular applications. Additionally, this paper compares the experimental mass flow charateristics with the computational fluid dynamics simulations in the radial turbine at the conditions of two spring stiffness. This preliminary comparison between numerical simulation and experimental data shows encouraging results.
The hydraulic and thermal performances of rectangular and square microchannel with different hydraulic diameters cooled by graphene–platinum hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Kumar R Avinash , M Kavitha , Kumar P Manoj , Seshadri S Arvindh
Published: January 2022

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of hydraulic diameter and channel shape on the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of a microchannel cooled by Graphene–Platinum/water hybrid nanofluid for electronic cooling applications. The study was performed numerically using mathematical software called Maple 19.0. Microchannels having square and rectangular cross-sections, and hydraulic diameters ranging from 200 µm to 1,000 µm were taken into consideration. Thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and friction factor were evaluated for different conditions and their corresponding graphs are presented and discussed. It was evident from the results that low thermal resistance and high heat transfer coefficient was achieved upon decreasing the hydraulic diameter, which is favorable for the cooling of electronic chips and devices. Based on the Reynolds number, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 2–4 times for both rectangular and square microchannels, on decreasing the hydraulic diameter from highest value (1,000 µm) to lowest value (200 µm). However, friction factor and pressure drop increased for channels with lower hydraulic diameters. In addition, rectangular microchannels exhibited better heat transfer performance, while square microchannels had lower friction factor and pressure drop. Rectangular microchannels presented a maximum enhancement of 30% in heat transfer coefficient and a reduction of 18% in thermal resistance, when compared to square microchannels. The results also suggested that the performance of microchannels with 500 µm hydraulic diameter is balanced, considering both heat transfer performance and pressure drop constraints.
An efficient path planning algorithm for the biped robot in a static environment using fast sweeping method
Authors: Parappagoudar Deepak , Mandava Ravi Kumar , Vundavilli Pandu R , Betadur Balaji
Published: January 2022

Obtaining the collision-free path for the biped walking machine/robot in an obstacle clustered environment is a challenging task. To overcome this difficulty, researchers around the world are implementing several collision-free path planning algorithms. It is significant to note that an effective path-planning methodology helps the biped robot to achieve a collision-free path with a minimum travel path. In the current investigation, the authors have proposed a new path planning procedure, that is, Fast Sweeping Method (FSM), to obtain the optimal path for the biped robot in a static environment. To check the effectiveness of the developed procedure, in the present investigation, the authors have tested it in both simulations as well as on an actual biped robot in a static domain. Further, the results of the current algorithm are compared with two established path planning algorithms, namely the Fast Marching Method (FMM) and A-star algorithms. In the end, it has been detected that the proposed algorithm obtains the best collision-free optimal path when compared with the Fast Marching Method (FMM) and A-star algorithms.
An optimized thermal network model to evaluate the thermal behavior on motorized spindle considering lubricating oil and contact factors
Authors: Su Chuan , Chen Weifang
Published: January 2022

During the operation of the high-speed motorized spindle, the heating of motorized spindle components can cause thermal deformations, which worsens the work performance and shortens the life expectancy of the motorized spindle. In response to the above behaviors, the thermal network model for the motorized spindle in this investigation was built in which the lubricating oil properties and contact characteristics were considered. Next, according to Kirchhoff’s energy balance principle, the theoretical equations of steady-state temperature were established, and the temperature rise of the motorized spindle was obtained by Newton–Raphson method. Lastly, the influences of speed, cooling water flow rate, airflow rate, and other variables on the temperature were analyzed and verified by the experiment. The results show that the thermal network model including lubricating oil and contact factors can predict the temperature rise of motorized spindle accurately, which provides some references and suggestions in motorized spindle design.
A review of snow melting and de-icing technologies for trains
Authors: Zhou Liang , Ding Liang , Yi Xian
Published: January 2022

Train icing may cause a series of problems to the safety of railway transportation in high and cold regions. Some important technologies on solving this issue are discussed in this paper, with the latest research landscape provided and the future development opportunities suggested. The hazards and principles of train icing are explained firstly, followed by a summary of several available methods of snow melting and de-icing, with their application and shortcomings indicated. The research progress of some basic issues such as the snow conditions of bogie parts and the optimal design of snow protection are discussed and analysed in detail. However, the problem of snow and ice accumulation during train operation has not been completely solved with the existing methods. At the end of this pager, suggestions on snow-resistance technology for trains are proposed for future study and development.
Experimental and numerical study of novel tip configurations in a turbine cascade
Authors: Jin Jiahui , Yu Jianyang , Song Yanping , Chen Fu
Published: January 2022

Two novel tip modelling methods are proposed in this paper. One novel tip is established by the mathematical method and the other is generated by the B-spline surface. And the genetic algorithm, the orthogonal design and the Kriging model are applied to optimize two kinds of novel tips numerically. The optimal mathematical tip and the optimal B-spline tip are acquired, respectively. The aerodynamic tests were investigated at the wind tunnel test section, including the flat tip, the squealer tip, the optimal mathematical tip and the optimal B-spline tip. The static pressure distributions on the casing and the blade surface were measured by the pressure taps. Meanwhile, the secondary flow and the loss were obtained by the five-hole probe at the exit section. A comparison of the simulation analysis results with the experimental results shows good agreement. Compared with the flat tip, the measured loss on the squealer tip, the optimal mathematical tip and the optimal B-spline tip is decreased by 7.2%, 10.5% and 12.6%, respectively.
Numerical analyses of the concentrated solar receiver pipes with superheated steam
Authors: Kurt Erol , Demirci Mustafa , Şahin Hacı M
Published: January 2022

In this paper, numerical analyses on a concentrated solar receiver pipes have been performed. The fluid is considered to be superheated steam phase. The pressure drops and temperature distribution in the absorber tubes of the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) have been explored in detail. In the numerical studies, the experimental data received from the solar test facility located at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria, Spain has been used for the real world application in order to shed a light on the superheated phase of the plant. The RNG k-ε turbulence model is considered for the Computational Fluid Dynamics analyses. In the explorations, especially the fluid behavior at different mass flows has been taken into account. The process has been evaluated for different temperate T and pressure P cases such as Case 1: p = 3.21 MPa, T = 240.4°C and Case 2: p = 10 MPa, T = 500°C. According to the results, the numerical results have been in good agreement within the error rate of 0.79% for the experimental temperature measurements. Therefore, the proposed numerical technique can be generalized for different steam parameters of PTSC in order to estimate the steam characterization for the experimental facility.
Transport properties of mixed convective nano-material flow considering the generalized fourier law and a vertical surface: Concept of caputo-time fractional derivative
Authors: Raza Ali , Khan Sami Ullah , Farid Saadia , Ijaz Khan Muhammad , Khan M Riaz , Haq Absar Ul , Elsiddieg Awatif MA , Malik MY , Alsallami Shami AM
Published: January 2022

With improved characteristics and thermal stability, the nanoparticles show a significant interest in many engineering and industrial processes. The applications of nanomaterials include applications in solar energy systems, chemical reactors, heating and cooling processes, and many bio-medical applications. With such motivations, this investigation aims to address the mixed convection flow of different nanoparticles due to inclined surface in presence of Newtonian heating and slip effects. Two types of nanoparticles like titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide with water base fluid are used to improve the heat transfer rate. The dimensionless governing partial differential equations for this fractional mathematical modal are accomplished by using Caputo-time fractional derivative and Fourier’s law of thermal conductivity. The generalized solution of energy and momentum equations is conquered by applying the Laplace transformation (LT) scheme. To illustrate some more physical insight of the problem and to develop the novelty of this article some special cases of velocity field are reflected whose physical clarification is well known in the literature. Furthermore, to investigate the physical implication of the under-deliberation problem, the graphical illustrations are performed by using math software MATHEMATICA. The interesting observations claimed from this investigation revealed that the interaction of thermal rate of change is more impressive for aluminum oxide. The temperature and velocity profiles are enhanced by varying the numerical value of the fractional constraint at large time scale.
Who gets labour market training? Access biases of social investment in Finland
Authors: Im Zhen Jie , Shin Young-Kyu
Published: January 2022

Policy access biases worry social policy scholars because they generate Matthew effects that exacerbate socioeconomic divides. Yet, access biases in many social investment policies, like training during unemployment, remain under-researched. Such access biases may be detrimental to a critical objective of social investment: to improve and uplift workers with precarious economic prospects. We focus here on access bias in training provided by public employment services against lower-educated workers. They are vulnerable to unemployment and fractured employment and should thus be targeted for training. While there is burgeoning attention on access biases in training against disadvantaged youths and non-citizens, fewer studies have focused on similar access bias against lower-educated workers. We highlight that access bias against such workers may stem from their lower willingness and demand for training, as well as policy design, informal eligibility criteria and caseworkers’ creaming practices. We suggest, however, that greater availability of training opportunities may ease this access bias against lower-educated workers. Using the Finnish Income Distribution survey data (2007–2012), we find evidence of training access bias: primary-educated workers are significantly less likely to participate in training than upper secondary and vocationally educated workers. Concurrently, our results show that availability of training is not significantly associated with the extent of training access bias against primary-educated workers. With a Nordic welfare model that prioritizes training to remedy labour market vulnerability and stresses that access to benefits and services is based on need, Finland represents a least likely case to find such access bias in training. We therefore consider these results worrying: if it is found here, it may be prevalent in countries with other welfare models.
Challenges and Solutions of Digital Economy in Rural India: A Women Entrepreneurs Perspective
Authors: Malti P. S. , Kodge B. G.
Published: January 2022

Today’s rural India is slowly moving towards being literate, aware, fearless, and digital economy use by every citizen. In comparison to urban India, the rural Indians are slower in perception and implementation of new things like the use of digital economy in their daily businesses. It is because of the traditional mindset—if we see the business transactional history of India, in ancient days—Indians used to conduct businesses by swapping the things or materials between each other. Further, the currency (coins) were introduced or formed by some rulers and the same was accepted and started to be used by the people of that province for their business transactions. The changes occurred day by day and now we are in the twenty-first century, that is, digital era. But at another side, when we see the business transactions in most of the rural India, especially when the women entrepreneurs are concerned, they are still stuck with the same traditional theories and practices in their businesses. In this article we attempted to focus on some major challenges and the possible solutions of use of digital economy for the women entrepreneurs in rural India.
Auditory and visual mental imagery in musicians and non-musicians
Authors: Talamini Francesca , Vigl Julia , Doerr Elizabeth , Grassi Massimo , Carretti Barbara
Published: January 2022

Mental imagery plays an important role in various contexts of life, involving cognitive resources such as memory, learning, spatial representation, and reasoning. The vividness of mental images depends on different factors, including personal expertise in a certain field. For instance, musicians have been found to possess better auditory imagery abilities than non-musicians for both musical and non-musical sounds. Only a few studies have tried to find out if this advantage is selective for auditory stimuli, however, with contradictory results so far (i.e., some studies supporting an advantage for mental imagery in general and some supporting an advantage for auditory mental imagery in particular). This study therefore investigated auditory and visual mental imagery in individuals with and without formal musical training. Thirty-six formally trained musicians, 33 self-taught musicians, and 33 non-musicians completed two questionnaires assessing the vividness of their auditory and visual mental imagery. They also completed measures of aptitude for music and general cognitive abilities. Both groups of musicians reported greater vividness of auditory (non-musical) imagery, but not visual imagery, than non-musicians. Thus musical experience, regardless of the type of training undergone by musicians, is linked to superior self-reported auditory mental imagery for everyday sounds, but not mental imagery in general.
Laughing All the Way to the Bank: The Joint Roles of Shared Coping Humor and Entrepreneurial Team-Efficacy in New Venture Performance
Authors: Hmieleski Keith M. , Cole Michael S.
Published: January 2022

Why are some new venture teams (NVTs), but not others, able to effectively cope with the demands of environmental uncertainty? Addressing this question from an intrateam dynamics perspective, we draw from the transactional theory of stress to delineate when NVTs’ use of shared coping humor and level of entrepreneurial team-efficacy might conditionally influence the relationship of perceived environmental uncertainty with new venture performance. Results from a national (USA) sample of startups found shared coping humor to positively moderate the relationship of environmental uncertainty with firm performance. Moreover, this moderated relationship was enhanced when entrepreneurial team-efficacy was high.
Effect of Hypnobirthing Training on Fear, Pain, Satisfaction Related to Birth, and Birth Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Buran Gonca , Aksu Hilmiye
Published: January 2022

We aimed to determine the effect of Hypnobirthing training on fear of childbirth (FOC), birth pain, birth satisfaction and birth outcomes. This randomized controlled trial study was conducted with 80 nulliparous pregnant who were divided into two groups (experimental group n = 40 and control n = 40) in a maternity hospital. The couples received the training in groups(4 weeks, once a week, 3-hour, group session). The mean score of hypnobirthing group for the whole Wijma Birth Expectancy/Experience Scale was significantly lower than that of the routine care group ( p < .001).In the latent, active, and transitional phases of labor, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)scores of the experimental groups were found to be significantly lower than those of the control group ( p < .001).The experimental group’s rates of birth intervention were significantly lower and their deliveries period were shorter, than those that of the routine control group ( p < .001).In addition, the vaginal delivery rates ( p = .037)and the scores for the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) were also found to be higher than those of the control group ( p < .001).
The Application and Patient-Reported Experience of Telephone Consultations in Elective Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgery: 12-Month Follow-up
Authors: Sharma Aman , Howgate Daniel , Loizou Constantinos , Rogers Mark , Sharp Robert , Kendal Adrian , Brown Rick
Published: January 2022

Background:

Telemedicine offers convenient and affordable health care, overcoming the logistical challenges of face-to-face encounters. Clinicians increasingly relied on telemedicine during the global pandemic. To assess the ongoing role for telemedicine in orthopaedics, we prospectively analyzed the failure rate, safety and patient-reported experience of telephone consultations for 12 months.

Methods:

265 telephone Foot/Ankle consultations were conducted in April 2020 and were prospectively analyzed over 12 months. The primary outcome measure was the rate of failed telephone consultations. A consultation was deemed unacceptable if the patient did not answer, if the clinician could not reach a conclusion or if any outcome changed over 12 months. Secondary outcome measures included patient-reported satisfaction and time saved by avoiding a face-to-face visit.

Results:

A clinical decision was reached in 84% of follow-up telephone consultations and 64% of new patient consultations ( P = 0.001). Sixty-six percent were managed with nonoperative therapies, 16% were discharged, and 11% were added to the waiting list for surgery. The reasons for failing to achieve a clinical decision included failure to contact the patient (12.8%), inappropriate discharge with subsequent rereferral (1.9%), and insufficient clinical information (1.5%). Overall, 84.7% of patients reported that the telephone consultation was highly useful and 71.9% would recommend it to a friend or family member. Patients reported a mean time saving of 120 minutes.

Conclusion:

Based on our experience, we provide recommended criteria for the safe and practical use of telephone consultations and suggest versatile patient care pathways into which a telephone consultation can be incorporated.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, prospective cohort series (noncomparative).
Nonlinear optimal control for a five-link parallel robotic manipulator
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos , Abbaszadeh Masoud
Published: January 2022

Control and stabilization of parallel robotic manipulators is a non-trivial problem because of nonlinearities and the multi-variable structure. In this article, a nonlinear optimal control approach is proposed for the dynamic model of such robotic systems, using as a case-study the model of a five-link parallel robot. The dynamic model of the parallel robotic manipulator undergoes approximate linearization around a temporary operating point that is recomputed at each time-step of the control method. The linearization relies on Taylor series expansion and on the associated Jacobian matrices. For the linearized state-space model of the system, a stabilizing optimal (H-infinity) feedback controller is designed. This controller stands as a solution to the nonlinear optimal control problem under model uncertainty and external perturbations. To compute the controller’s feedback gains, an algebraic Riccati equation is repetitively solved at each iteration of the control algorithm. The stability properties of the control method are proven through Lyapunov analysis. Finally, to implement state estimation-based control without the need to measure the entire state vector of the parallel robotic manipulator, the H-infinity Kalman filter is used as a robust state estimator. Among the advantages of this control method, one can note that (i) unlike the popular computed-torque method for robotic manipulators, the new control approach is characterized by optimality and is also applicable when the number of control inputs is not equal to the robot’s number of DOFs and (ii) it achieves fast and accurate tracking of reference set points under minimal energy consumption by the robot’s actuators.
Assessing Changes in Parent Sensitivity in Telehealth and Hybrid Implementation of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schein Stevie S. , Roben Caroline K. P. , Costello Amanda H. , Dozier Mary
Published: January 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, home visiting services for families with young children pivoted to continue providing services virtually. One such service was Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), a brief prevention/intervention program targeting increased parental sensitivity. 70 families participated in a sensitivity assessment before and after receiving ABC. Forty-three families received the program fully through telehealth, and 27 families received the program through an in-person/telehealth hybrid format. Parent sensitivity was assessed pre- and post-intervention, and results suggested that when ABC was delivered through a telehealth or hybrid format, parents showed increased following the lead and decreased intrusiveness from pre- to post-intervention, with moderate effect sizes. Ongoing supervision in the model, weekly fidelity maintenance checks, and the flexibility of families and parent coaches likely contributed to the maintenance of significant change in parental sensitivity from pre- to post-intervention during the move from face-to-face home visiting to the provision of virtual services.
The Relationship Between Temperature and Temporal Patterns and Incidence of Abusive Head Trauma in a Midwest Region Hospital
Authors: Mehta Nehali , Bliss Laura , Trolard Anne , Kondis Jamie S.
Published: January 2022

Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of death and disability in children and one of the most lethal forms of child abuse. Most known risk factors for AHT pertain to the infant’s caregiver and limited research has assessed external influences beyond the familial or caregiver/infant dyad. Objective: Our primary objective was to determine if temperature patterns are associated with AHT events. Secondary outcomes included associations between AHT and specific days of the week, months, or seasons. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 198 patients under 24 months old who were diagnosed with AHT at Saint Louis Children’s Hospital. Demographic information was obtained from the medical record for each patient. For each AHT incident, the date and zip code of the incident were recorded. Temperature on the date of incident was identified using the Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC). Chi square tests were utilized to calculate differences in cases per year as well as temperature and seasonal variation. Results: Temperature was not associated with a statistically significant increase in cases of AHT. There was an increase in cases as temperatures rose, but no statistically significant associations between incidence of AHT and day of the week, month, or season. Conclusion: Our study suggests no significant association between AHT incidence and temperature or temporal patterns in this Midwest hospital.
Hierarchies of Masculinity and Lad Culture on Campus: “Bad Guys”, “Good Guys”, and Complicit Men
Authors: Jordan Ana , Anitha Sundari , Jameson Jill , Davy Zowie
Published: January 2022

Research on lad culture and gender-based violence (GBV) in student communities has examined hypermasculine gender performances, with little attention paid to hierarchies of masculinity. We explore lad culture by analysing qualitative, in-depth interviews with students. Our findings challenge simplistic constructions of “good guys” as allies/protectors in opposition to hypermasculinised, deviant “bad guys”. We demonstrate how such binary constructions are premised upon gendered norms of men-as-protectors/women-as-weak and bolster problematic hierarchies of masculinity. We also highlight the crucial role of complicit masculinity in maintaining GBV-tolerant cultures. Our research suggests academic understandings of lad culture could benefit from a more comprehensive picture of the relationship between masculinity/ies and campus GBV. By theorising complex negotiations of hegemonic masculinity in this context, the paper also advances conceptual debates around the promise/limitations of changing, “softer” masculinities. Practice implications include rethinking how/whether prevention education can deploy “softer” masculinities whilst avoiding reinstating gender hierarchies that ultimately scaffold GBV.
The intracavitary ECG method for tip location of ultrasound-guided centrally inserted central catheter in neonates
Authors: D’Andrea Vito , Pezza Lucilla , Prontera Giorgia , Ancora Gina , Pittiruti Mauro , Vento Giovanni , Barone Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Background:

The correct position of the tip of a central venous access device is important in all patients, and especially in neonates. The traditional method of tip location (approximated intra-procedural length estimation + post procedural chest X-ray) is currently considered inaccurate and not cost-effective by most recent guidelines, which recommend the adoption of tip location by intracavitary electrocardiography (IC-ECG) whenever possible.

Methods:

This study prospectively investigated the applicability, the feasibility, the accuracy, and the safety IC-ECG for tip location in neonates requiring insertion of ultrasound-guided centrally inserted central venous catheters (CICCs) with caliber 3Fr or more. All catheter tip locations were verified using simultaneously both IC-ECG and ultrasound-based tip location, using the Neo-ECHOTIP protocol.

Results:

A total of 105 neonates were enrolled. The applicability of IC-ECG was 100% since a P wave was evident on the surface ECG of all neonates recruited for the study. The feasibility was also 100% since an increase of the P-wave was detected in all cases. The accuracy was also 100%, since a perfect match between IC-ECG based tip location and ultrasound-based tip location was found. There were no adverse events directly or indirectly related to the IC-ECG technique; no arrhythmias occurred.

Conclusions:

When applied to ultrasound guided CICCs, tip location by IC-ECG is applicable and feasible in neonates, and it is safe and accurate.
Difficult removal of totally implantable venous access devices in adult patients: Incidence, risk factors, and management
Authors: Chatani Shohei , Tsukii Ryota , Nagasawa Kyohei , Hasegawa Takaaki , Murata Shinichi , Kato Mina , Yamaura Hidekazu , Onaya Hiroaki , Matsuo Keitaro , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Inaba Yoshitaka
Published: January 2022

Background:

Totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) have played an important role of medical oncology practice. However, operators sometimes encounter considerable difficulty when removing TIVADs. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of difficult TIVAD removal, determine associated risk factors, and investigate interventional radiology (IR) approaches to difficult removal.

Methods:

A total of 514 TIVAD removal procedures performed in a single-center between January 2014 and May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to determine incidence of difficult removal and associated risk factors. IR approaches applied in difficult removal cases were also reviewed.

Results:

The incidence of difficult removal was 7.4% (38/514). In univariable analysis, indwelling duration, silicone catheter, and subcutaneous leakage of fluid were identified as significant risk factors for difficult removal. Multivariable analysis showed that indwelling duration per year (odds ratio (OR), 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–1.67; p < 0.01) and subcutaneous leakage of fluid (OR, 6.04; 95% CI, 2.45–14.91; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with difficult removal. In the 38 difficult removal cases, 32 TIVADs could be removed using more dissection and traction than the standard removal method. In the other 6, TIVADs were successfully removed by using several IR techniques, including insertion of a guide wire ( n = 1), dissection using an introducer sheath ( n = 2), pushing with a dilator ( n = 1), and pulling with a snare ( n = 2).

Conclusion:

Difficult TIVAD removal is uncommon. However, operators should expect it when removing long indwelling TIVADs and those with subcutaneous leakage. IR approaches to difficult removal are minimally invasive and can be useful.
Nurturing student creativity through assessment for learning in music classrooms
Authors: Bolden Benjamin , DeLuca Christopher
Published: January 2022

This article reports research that identified and analyzed assessment for learning strategies employed by six Canadian music educators to support and develop student creativity. Findings include descriptions of creativity-nurturing practices organized into four categories: (a) developing assessment criteria, (b) encouraging creative processes, (c) optimizing the classroom context, and (d) activating self-assessment. Results include detailed descriptions of strategies that educators can employ to leverage formative assessment to nurture student creativity within and beyond music education contexts.
A numerical method combining finite element and neural network model to study dynamic system prediction of dry friction
Authors: Lyu Dali , Zhang Qichang , Lyu Kewei , Li Yulong , Liu Jiaxing
Published: January 2022

Friction wedge is an important damping component of three-piece freight bogies, and the better damping performance is beneficial to improving the stability of the vehicle operation. This paper introduces an effective method for numerical simulation of dry friction system and the related experiment was conducted to verify the correctness of the method. On the basis of conducting the experimental of dry friction model to test the lateral and tangential forces of the dry friction, the dynamic friction coefficient under different speeds and pressures was calculated. The most suitable dry friction model was obtained by comparing the fitting accuracy of different models. The fitting accuracy of the neural network model is above 0.9, which is much higher than other models. Pressure is an important parameter of the friction coefficient and should be taken into account in the model. The dynamic implicit procedure was adopted in the simulation process with Abaqus/Standard solver, the user-subroutine FRIC integrated in the commercial package ABAQUS was coded to study the rate and pressure dependent dynamic friction during the movement of dry friction system. The calculation result is basically consistent with the experiment when the neural network model is combined with the user-subroutine FRIC. The feasibility of the co-simulation analysis method is verified. The neural network model is more accurate and convenient to establish the dynamic friction model, avoiding the difficulty of choosing the the dry friction model. It is verified that the neural network model can be used in finite element analysis, which provides a new idea for the combination of neural network and traditional calculation methods.
COVID-19’s impact on the perceived risk of ocean cruising: A best-worst scaling study of Australian consumers
Authors: Tapsall Suellen , Soutar Geoffrey N , Elliott Wendy A , Mazzarol Tim , Holland Jennifer
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates aspects of cruising of most concern to Australian consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic, following the shutdown of cruising globally. Using a mixed-method approach, the study asked cruisers and non-cruisers which of the risks associated with cruising were of most concern. The study found health was the most concerning risk for respondents, regardless of cruising history and, contrary to previous research, cruisers were more concerned about health risk than non-cruisers. Results indicated cruisers were also concerned about financial risk, while safety and psychological risk were the next most concerning aspects for non-cruisers. Implications for the cruise industry are discussed and areas for further research are identified. Findings suggest the industry cannot take for granted repeat cruisers’ return post-pandemic. As non-cruisers are much less positive and less willing to cruise than before COVID-19, the continued future growth of the cruise sector is also under threat.
Radical democracy, the commons and everyday struggles during the Greek crisis
Authors: Howarth David , Roussos Konstantinos
Published: January 2022

Set against theoretical and strategic debates about theories of radical democracy, left populism and the commons, this article analyses and evaluates everyday struggles in Greek politics after the global financial crisis. It focusses on the cases of Vio.Me – the first workers’ recuperated factory in Greece – and the Metropolitan Community Clinic at Helliniko, which is the largest social solidarity health clinic in Greece. Viewed from the perspective of commoning practices, the article identifies the logics that sustain the beliefs, values, infrastructures and institutions developed at an everyday grassroots level, finding traces of an incipient radical democratic ethos and rationality at work. The new initiatives highlight crucial and often neglected organisational, prefiguring and subjective prerequisites for radical democracy, while challenging elements of left populist political strategy. Our evolving perspective also problematises their political limitations and strategic dilemmas as they struggle to constitute a viable hegemonic alternative to neoliberal rationalities and governance.
“Her scarf is a garbage bag wrapped around her head”: Muslim youth experiences of Islamophobia in Sydney primary schools
Authors: Mourad Zainab
Published: January 2022

This qualitative study investigates the ways in which Muslim minority youth experience Islamophobia in south-west Sydney primary schools. Islamophobia has occupied the Australian discursive context since the September 11 attacks and the ensuing War on Terror in 2001, and was amplified in the recent decade following the rise of Daesh and events of home-grown terrorism. In schools, minority Muslim students in Australia have been considered a problem for some time. Since the early phases of migration in the 1970s, Muslims have been constructed as a pedagogical challenge. More recently, this has adopted political overtones, and concerns regarding educational attainment have moved towards issues of national security and socio-political integration. To understand the ways in which the wider discursive context filters to schools, the study is underpinned by critical theory, combined with a critical ethnographic case study methodology. Drawing on the voices of Muslim students aged 10–12 across three schools, the critical discourse analysis found that Islamophobia was experienced by Muslim students in primary schools drawing on visible and physical cultural markers of being Muslim including the Arabic language, the hijab and Islamic practices. This paper contends that Islamophobia should be formally recognised as a form of cultural racism in schools.
History as curriculum; history as politics
Authors: Stuart Margaret
Published: January 2022

This article examines a particular incident in the Waikato wars, 1863–4 and its relevance to the newly mandated New Zealand History curriculum. The new curriculum will for the first time make the teaching of local history compulsory in years 1–10. I examine the wide variety of submissions about the content of this curriculum. As the Royal Society’s Expert Advisory Panel (2021, p. 20) responded, there is a recognition ‘that History can hurt’. It is an opportunity to reject earlier stories of imperial nation-building and support the recovery of subjected, often unheard, voices from the community. I examine two perspectives of an ‘incident’ at Rangiaowhia, first from an historian’s perspective, then, a rearticulated narrative of hapū, Te Apakura. I also examine two local retellings, where the indigenous perspectives are given voice. Unless the silence is broken, countries’ past will be unaddressed and native peoples injuriously affected.
Recentering Indigenous Epistemologies Through Digital Games: Sámi Perspectives on Nature in Rievssat (2018)
Authors: Nijdam Elizabeth “Biz”
Published: January 2022

This article examines Rievssat (2018), one of the six games developed during the 2018 Sami Game Jam, as a case study to demonstrate how digital games on Indigenous issues afford opportunities to embed Indigenous ways of knowing into the core of game design. In particular, by exploring Rievssat’s themes and game mechanics, this article identifies the way its procedural rhetoric models an understanding of and relationship to the game environment that reflects the dialogic connection with nature and animistic worldview unique to the Sámi people. This article thereby demonstrates the value of new media in recentering Indigenous systems of knowledge and cultural practices by engaging with and incorporating Indigenous epistemologies into the foundation of game design, revealing how Sámi digital games can offer insight into Sámi ways of knowing and experiencing the world to Indigenous and non-Indigenous players alike.
Utilization of EKOS in Patients With Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Robles Kirsten E. , Armbruster Anastasia L. , Austin Shane E. , Baker Joshua N.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Current guidelines recommend utilization of catheter-directed thrombolysis systems for management of patients with submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) who have relative contraindications to systemic thrombolysis. Evidence from previous trials have demonstrated the short-term efficacy and safety of one of these systems, the EkoSonic Endovascular System (EKOS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of EKOS in submassive PE. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study evaluated subjects ≥18 years old with submassive PE and baseline right ventricular to left ventricular (RV/LV) diameter ratio ≥1. The primary outcome evaluated change in RV/LV diameter ratio from baseline to first follow-up. The secondary outcomes evaluated need for further intervention after EKOS, major bleeding within 72 hours and 6 months, all-cause mortality at 6 months, and all-cause 30-day readmission rate. Results: Overall, 41 subjects received EKOS for submassive PE. Of the 26 subjects evaluated for the primary outcome, the RV/LV diameter ratio decreased by an average of 0.56 ( P < 0.05). Of the 41 subjects evaluated for the secondary outcomes, 1 subject required pulmonary embolectomy after EKOS intervention, 1 major bleed occurred within 72 hours, 1 major bleed occurred within 6 months, 1 subject died within 6 months, and 3 subjects were readmitted within 30 days. Conclusions: Intervention with EKOS further reduced right heart strain and resulted in few complications compared with previous trials providing evidence that EKOS is effective and safe long-term for management of submassive PE. Use should be considered in patients with relative contraindications to systemic thrombolytic therapy.