bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMILIHAN TIPE PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA GELOMBANG LAUT TIPE PELAMPUNG DI PANTAI SALUBOMBA KABUPATEN DONGGALA
Authors: Setiawan Setiyawan , Asmi Rahman Yuli , Sarjan Muhammad , Amin Nurhani
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is a country that has an area of sea three times larger than the land area. In line with the rapid development, the need for electricity is also increasing. So that Indonesia has great potential to produce alternative and environmentally friendly energy, namely Sea Wave Energy. Its continuous nature is available all the time. Many potential coastal areas in Indonesia, however, have not been utilized optimally.

The purpose of this study is to see the potential of Wave Energy for electricity. For this reason, research was carried out at a location in the Central Sulawesi area, precisely in Salubomba, Central Banawa District, Donggala Regency. In this study a potential study was conducted on 3 types of PLTGL, namely Buoy, OWC, and Pasut Dam, where one will be chosen that meets the wave criteria requirements on the Beach. From the results of research, PLTGL that fulfills the requirements is the type of buoy.

Data collection begins with secondary data, namely wind data from Mutiara Station. Then proceed with calculating wave forecasting using the SMB (Sverdrup Munk-Bretschneider) method. The results of this study, Salubomba beach has the potential to be built by the Buoy Type Wave Power Plant, a significant wave height of 0.52 - 3.37 meters with a ruptured depth of 3.95 meters.
A Review of Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Phishing
Authors: Karamagi Robert
Published: November 2021

Phishing has become the most convenient technique that hackers use nowadays to gain access to protected systems. This is because cybersecurity has evolved and low-cost systems with the least security investments will need quite advanced and sophisticated mechanisms to be able to penetrate technically. Systems currently are equipped with at least some level of security, imposed by security firms with a very high level of expertise in managing the common and well-known attacks. This decreases the possible technical attack surface. Nation-states or advanced persistent threats (APTs), organized crime, and black hats possess the finance and skills to penetrate many different systems. However, they are always in need of the most available computing resources, such as central processing unit (CPU) and random-access memory (RAM), so they normally hack and hook computers into a botnet. This may allow them to perform dangerous distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and perform brute force cracking algorithms, which are highly CPU intensive. They may also use the zombie or drone systems they have hacked to hide their location on the net and gain anonymity by bouncing off around them many times a minute. Phishing allows them to gain their stretch of compromised systems to increase their power. For a normal hacker without the money to invest in sophisticated techniques, exploiting the human factor, which is the weakest link to security, comes in handy. The possibility of successfully manipulating the human into releasing the security that they set up makes the life of the hacker very easy, because they do not have to try to break into the system with force, rather the owner will just open the door for them. The objective of the research is to review factors that enhance phishing and improve the probability of its success. We have discovered that hackers rely on triggering the emotional effects of their victims through their phishing attacks. We have applied the use of artificial intelligence to be able to detect the emotion associated with a phrase or sentence. Our model had a good accuracy which could be improved with the use of a larger dataset with more emotional sentiments for various phrases and sentences. Our technique may be used to check for emotional manipulation in suspicious emails to improve the confidence interval of suspected phishing emails.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4
Authors: Ding Alice
Published: November 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2021.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 13, No. 4
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: November 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 13, No. 4
Más allá del afecto humano. Expresividad inhumana y memoria
Authors: Lucero Guadalupe
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo reconstruiremos los fundamentos ontológicos que permiten pensar, desde las obras de Schwarzböck, Deleuze y Guattari, una dimensión no humana del afecto y, así, la extensión de la potencia de un pensamiento afectivo sobre los modos de existencia no viva. Esta expansión del campo afectivo hacia una particular afectividad inorgánica nos permitirá explorar una concepción novedosa de la memoria. La expresividad de las imágenes, de los huesos o de los objetos en general, incorporada recientemente como material imaginario en los relatos sobre la historia reciente (como en el caso de Albertina Carri, Marta Dillon o María Moreno), exige repensar los marcos conceptuales del afecto y el recuerdo para incluir allí esa memoria inorgánica que se expresa más allá de todo anclaje subjetivo o comunitario.
Field, Sandra Leonie (2020). Potentia: Hobbes and Spinoza on Power and Popular Politics
Authors: Sainz Pezonaga Aurelio
Published: November 2021

Field, Sandra Leonie (2020)Potentia: Hobbes and Spinoza on Power and Popular PoliticsNueva York: Oxford University Press, 320 p.ISBN 9780197528242
Los límites modalmente vagos de la simplicidad mereológica
Authors: Núñez Erices Gonzalo Germán
Published: November 2021

Un objeto simple es un átomo mereológico, es decir, un objeto sin partes. Markosian (1998) postula lo que él llama the simple question: ¿bajo qué circunstancias es verdadero para un objeto que no posea partes? Este artículo analiza, primero, las respuestas a esa pregunta y, segundo, la tesis del nihilismo mereológico sobre composición material. Según esta última, en el mundo solo existen objetos simples que nunca componen nada. Esta tesis evita la vaguedad composicional al no existir límites espaciales indeterminados para un objeto sin partes, pero no elimina, considerando los descubrimientos de la física cuántica, la vaguedad modal en su localización.
Nieto Blanco, Carlos (2021). El mundo desde dentro: El pensamiento de José Ferrater Mora
Authors: González Ángel
Published: November 2021

Nieto Blanco, Carlos (2021)El mundo desde dentro: El pensamiento de José Ferrater MoraSevilla: Renacimiento. Iluminaciones, 520 p.ISBN 9788418387418
The legalisation of cannabis: A security-vetting dilemma
Authors: Bester Piet , Els Sonja
Published: November 2021

During 1996, the South African Intelligence Community issued the Minimum Information Security Standards (MISS), which inter alia address the protection of classified information. The MISS provide the principles, standards and procedures to be followed by all South African government agencies for the protection of official resources.3 This includes the granting of different types and levels of security clearances by the South African government to provide employees and contractors access to classified information. The decision to grant a person access to classified information is based on such individualâ€™s security competence. This is an indication of the personâ€™s ability â€“ based on his or her conduct â€“ to prevent classified material from being disclosed to unauthorised persons, which may potentially prejudice or endanger the security or interests of the employing institution or the state. An applicant for a security clearance may be a prospective employee applying for a post from outside the organisation or an insider who is already in the organisation, often referred to as outsider and insider threats.4 The process of determining a personâ€™s security competence is referred to as security vetting for new employees, and re-vetting for existing employees who have gone through the vetting process in the past.5 In this article, the use of the term â€˜vettingâ€™ includes re-vetting.
Conformed by Praise: Xunzi and William of Auxerre on the Ethics of Liturgy
Authors: Andrews Jacob J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

The classical Confucian philosopher Xunzi proposed a naturalistic virtue ethics account of ritual: rituals are practices that channel human emotion and desire so that one develops virtues. In this paper I show that William of Auxerre’s Summa de Officiis Ecclesiasticis can be understood as presenting a similar account of ritual. William places great emphasis on the emotional power of the liturgy, which makes participants like the blessed in heaven by developing virtue. In other words, he has a virtue ethics of ritual closely aligned with that of Xunzi. Xunzi’s writings on ritual illuminate and enrich one’s reading of the Summa de Officiis. But unlike Xunzi, William is not a naturalist with regard to ritual: although much of William’s language about the causal power of liturgy can be explained in Xunzian terms, Christian liturgy has an irreducible supernatural element.
Blessing as the Ground of Morality: Pavel Florensky and Political Resistance
Authors: Burgess John P. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

This essay argues that Pavel Florensky (1882–1937), one of Russia’s most creative religious philosophers, makes an important contribution to Christian social ethics by positing “blessing” as a central moral act. Drawing on Orthodox liturgical practices of blessing, Florensky redescribes reality; it is filled with God’s energies. Especially in letters from the gulag, after his arrest in 1933 for “counter-revolutionary” activity, Florensky calls forth the sacramental mystery of the natural world around the camps and of each person to whom he writes. In attending to them in their concrete particularity, he offers resistance to a totalitarian regime that would reduce them to raw, exploitable material.
Metasemantic Relationism
Authors: Yalcin Seth ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

Consider a language incorporating a mirror-image form of assertion, where the norm is to express what you take to be false rather than what you take to be true. Why aren’t ordinary languages like that? Why do we generally assert what we take to be true rather than what we take to be false? If Lewis (1975) and Massey (1978) are right, there is a sense in which the question is based on a mistake, and in which English (etc.) could be described either way. I explore that idea, which centers on the role of duality in language. One of the main questions in the air is whether the symmetry of duality can be used as a guide to ‘real structure’ in semantics and pragmatics. I try to think through it with an analogy to relationism about space.
Acquiring the cardinal knowledge of number words: A conceptual replication
Authors: Rousselle Laurence , Vossius Line
Published: November 2021

Understanding the way in which counting represent numerosities was shown to be a long-lasting process. As shown in the Give-a-number task, acquiring the meanings of verbal number words goes through successive developmental stages in which children first learn the cardinal meanings of small number words one at a time before generalizing the cardinal principle they have induced from the first three number words to all number words within their counting range. This acquisition would take about a year, and would be completed by the age of 3 ½ years. The aim of the present study was to provide a conceptual replication of the developmental sequence described in Wynn’s study nearly 30 years ago using the Give-a-number task. A first cross-sectional study was conducted on 213 Belgian children aged between 39 and 74 months using the Give-a-number task to examine the developmental pattern and the influence of age on this acquisition. The time span of acquisition was examined in a second study in which 34 children were tested five times every months between the age of 36 to 52 months. Results showed that acquiring the cardinal meanings of number words spread out over a protracted period, far more extended than assumed by Wynn. Furthermore, children do not generalize all-at-once to large number words, the cardinal knowledge they learned on small number words. Rather, number words were found to be learned one at a time in a really progressive manner. Results were discussed with regard to their implications for the existing theories and in relation with other tasks assessing the acquisition of verbal number symbols.
Fissuras do Presentismo: Mudança Histórica nos Protestos Políticos Contemporâneos
Authors: Pereira Luisa Rauter
Published: November 2021

Esta década está sendo marcada por uma profunda percepção pública de mudança histórica e mesmo pelo começo de uma nova época em escala global. Este artigo argumenta que tal percepção tem raízes políticas vinculadas ao impacto dos protestos políticos como o de Junho de 2013, no Brasil, e o Occupy Wall Street nos Estados Unidos. Desse modo, analisamos o impacto de tais protestos através das narrativas e interpretações produzidas desde sua ocorrência, com foco nos livros e artigos de jornais nesses países. Pretendemos contribuir para a revisão e complexificação das principais hipóteses a respeito do tempo histórico contemporâneo vinculadas às teorias do “presenteísmo” e da “aceleração”, especialmente no que diz respeito às suas conclusões a respeito da situação atual do político como âmbito de configuração da experiência coletiva do futuro. Por fim, buscamos refletir brevemente sobre as respostas possíveis do saber histórico a tais transformações.
Palavras-chave: protesto; movimentos sociais; temporalidade; presentismo; junho de 2013.
O auditório da Secretaria de Saúde e Assistência Pública de Minas Gerais: lugar de memória dos trabalhadores em Belo Horizonte (1961-1964)
Authors: Oliveira Samuel Silva Rodrigues de , Camisasca Marina Mesquita
Published: November 2021

O artigo analisa o auditório da Secretaria de Saúde e Assistência Pública de Minas Gerais como lugar de memória dos trabalhadores. Em 1961, ele foi palco do I Congresso Nacional dos Lavradores e Trabalhadores Agrícolas e, em 1962, do I Congresso dos Trabalhadores Favelados de Belo Horizonte, sendo um dos lugares do espaço urbano identificados com o protesto social de trabalhadores. A conexão entre os dois eventos que expressavam a posição dos lavradores, trabalhadores agrícolas e trabalhadores favelados no ciclo de protestos da reforma de base, e as relações entre a reforma agrária e urbana são exploradas no artigo.
Palavras-chave: reformas de base; trabalhadores rurais e urbanos; memória social.
Premedications for Cancer Therapies: A Primer for the Hematology/Oncology Provider
Authors: Clemmons, PharmD, BCOP Amber , Gandhi, PharmD, BCOP Arpita , Clarke, PharmD Andrea , Jimenez, APN-BC, AGACNP, AOCNP Sarah , Le, MD Thuy , Ajebo, MD Germame
Published: November 2021

Chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy are associated with numerous potential adverse events (AEs). Many of these common AEs, namely chemotherapy- or radiation-induced nausea and vomiting, hypersensitivity reactions, and edema, can lead to deleterious outcomes (such as treatment nonadherence or cessation, or poor clinical outcomes) if not prevented appropriately. The occurrence and severity of these AEs can be prevented with the correct prescribing of prophylactic medications, often called “premedications.” The advanced practitioner in hematology/oncology should have a good understanding of which chemotherapeutic agents are known to place patients at risk for these adverse events as well as be able to determine appropriate prophylactic medications to employ in the prevention of these adverse events. While several guidelines and literature exist regarding best practices for prophylaxis strategies, differences among guidelines and quality of data should be explored in order to accurately implement patient-specific recommendations. Herein, we review the existing literature for prophylaxis and summarize best practices.
Telehealth Interventions for Supportive Management and Early Recognition of Treatment-Related Symptoms in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Yajima, MSN, APRN, FNP-C, AOCNP Chasity , Bowe, DNP, APRN, ANP-C, NPD-BC, CPHQ Christi , Barber, PhD, APRN, ANP-BC, AOCNP, FAANP, FAAN Diane , Dains, DrPH, JD, APRN, FNP-BC, FAANP, FAAN Joyce
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The purposes of this literature review were to (1) establish the utility of supportive telehealth interventions focusing on early identification of treatment-related symptoms in adult patients with hematologic malignancies, with a secondary aim to (2) evaluate acceptability and feasibility. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase. Dates searched were from January 2007 through December 2019. Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of hematologic malignancy, incorporation of telehealth interventions, effects on physiological outcomes, and participants ages 18 or older. Articles were excluded if they were a duplicate, had an irrelevant title, or were an incomplete study. Results: Results indicated overall utility, acceptability, and feasibility of the interventions, including improved awareness of late and long-term therapy–related sequelae in survivorship, an overall decline in the number of chemotherapy delays with decreased rates in dose reductions, a means to further manage exercise remotely, and finally, improved communication between provider and patient with real-time management of acute and chronic treatment-related side effects using supportive telemetric interventions. Conclusion: Overall, the use of telehealth interventions in adult patients with hematologic malignancies positively impacts patient health, and telehealth interventions were found to be both accepted and feasible. Future studies should be directed at the role and involvement of the advanced practitioner, and current literature calls for well-planned studies as methodologic limitations remain in the evidence.
Contradicciones y promesas de la economía circular
Authors: Kovacic Zora
Published: November 2021

La economía circular es una alternativa al modelo linear de «extracción-uso-desecho» de los recursos naturales, que se sustituye por un modelo circular de «reciclar, reutilizar y reparar». La economía circular promete convertir las preocupaciones por la sostenibilidad en sinergias que promueven el crecimiento económico: en vez de proponer frenar la actividad económica para utilizar menos recursos naturales y generar menos residuos y emisiones, los nuevos modelos de negocios circulares supuestamente permitirían seguir utilizando los recursos que se necesitan minimizando el impacto ambiental. A pesar del gran entusiasmo generado por esas promesas en las políticas públicas, la idea de una economía circular es también fuente de mucha controversia a nivel científico, ya que la idea de que es posible recircular la mayoría de los materiales y productos va en contra de las leyes de la termodinámica. Entonces, ¿por qué una idea que genera tanta controversia ha tenido, y sigue teniendo, tanto éxito en las políticas públicas? Durante la crisis económica de la década de 2010, la economía circular podía verse como una oportunidad de seguir legislando en favor del medio ambiente en un momento en el que la crisis económica, el desempleo y la deuda eran las preocupaciones principales. Diez años después, la economía circular se ha convertido en una de las políticas estrella del «Pacto Verde Europeo» y está cada vez más presente en todos los ámbitos, incluyendo las políticas urbanas. En el contexto actual, las sinergias que promete la economía circular pueden ofuscar los retos de la sostenibilidad y crear un debate apolítico.
¿Es posible un desarrollo económico y social sostenible? Una nota crítica sobre el «valor» de los ODS
Authors: Torrent-Sellens Joan
Published: November 2021

Este artículo analiza la conexión que ha realizado la economía científica entre el desarrollo económico y la sostenibilidad social. Partiendo de la idea clásica del valor en el capitalismo, el artículo revisa las principales aportaciones que la economía clásica, neoclásica, heterodoxa y las síntesis modernas han efectuado sobre la posibilidad de un desarrollo económico socialmente sostenible. A partir de esta revisión, se llega a la necesidad de construir una nueva economía del valor sostenible y se analizan sus principales dimensiones, en especial el papel que deberían jugar las empresas, los mercados y el gobierno. En la investigación sobre el encaje entre las nuevas formas sostenibles de generar valor y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS), los resultados obtenidos son desfavorables. Los ODS deben modificar sustancialmente su aproximación y metodología para poder avanzar hacia un valor económico más socialmente sostenible.
How neurons adjust to diurnality
Authors: Andreatta Gabriele , Allen Charles N
Published: November 2021

Being active during the day requires a slow-closing ion channel that dampens the activity of neurons in a specific area of the brain.
Heteronomi som forutsetning for autonomi
Authors: Nilsen Fredrik
Published: November 2021

In his major works in ethics, Immanuel Kant (1724—1804) does not pay much attention to the question how humans become moral. The main tasks for Kant in these works are to establish the moral law and discuss its application. However, in his minor works in ethics and pedagogy he draws our attention to the question mentioned and claims that humans first become moral when they get 16 years old. Before we reach this age, our will (Willkür) is able to choose, that means prioritize, between rationality (the moral law) and sensitivity (inclinations), but our will (Wille) lacks the capacity to impose the moral law on ourselves. To evolve in this regard so that our will becomes fully moral and autonomous, we need moral restrictions from other people with more moral experience. The relevant Kantian distinction in this regard is the distinction Kant draws between persons and moral actors in the wake of his formula of the categorical imperative called the formula of humanity. According to this distinction, a person needs to be educated heteronomously in order to reach the level of moral actor and become autonomous. Constraint is therefore a necessary condition for self-constraint.
The Image of the German, the Pole, the Latvian, and the Lithuanian in Lithuanian and Latvian Folklore
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania, Anglickienė Laima , Kļavinska Antra ,   Rezekne Academy of Technologies, Latvia
Published: November 2021

In multi-ethnic societies, one way in which ethnicity manifests itself is in classifying people according to their ethnic origin. Such classification is based on stereotyping and is typically achieved by emphasizing certain common characteristics rather than individual particularities. Both lived experience and folklore corroborate the fact that ethnic stereotypes, ethnic self-awareness, and identity are also influenced by historical circumstances. This article focuses on Lithuanians’ and Latvians’ attitudes towards Poles and Germans, and towards one another during the period between the eighteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries. The aim of this article is to reveal how the folklore of the two neighbouring nations, Lithuanians and Latvians, depicts the aforementioned ethnic groups; what historical events, cultural and social factors determined the similarities and differences in their portrayal in Lithuanian and Latvian folklore.
Women of the Twilight: The Narrative Spaces of Women in the Icelandic Rural Community of the Past
Authors:   Department of Folkloristics, University of Iceland, Magnúsdóttir Júlíana Th.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with some of the spatial features of women’s storytelling traditions in rural Iceland in the late nineteenth century and early 1900s. The study is based on audiotaped sources collected by folklore collector Hallfreður Örn Eiríksson in the 1960s and 1970s from informants born in rural Iceland in the later part of the nineteenth century. The main focus of the article is on 200 women that figure in these sources and their legend repertoires, although a small sample group of 25 men and their repertoires will also be examined to allow comparison. The article discusses what these sources tell us about women’s mobility and the social spaces they inhabited in the past. It goes on to consider the performance space of the Icelandic turf farm in which women’s storytelling took place from the perspective of gender. After noting how the men and women in the sources incorporated different kinds of spaces into their legends, it takes a closer look at how the spatial components of legends told by the women reflect their living spaces, experiences, and spheres of activity. The article underlines that while women in the Icelandic rural community were largely confined to the domestic space of the farm (something reflected in the legends they told), they were neither socially isolated nor immobile. They also evidently played an important part in oral storytelling in their communities, often acting as the dominant storytellers in the performance space of the old turf farm.
Stress-regulated elements in Lotus spp., as a possible starting point to understand signalling networks and stress adaptation in legumes
Authors: Menéndez Ana B. , Ruiz Oscar Adolfo
Published: November 2021

Although legumes are of primary economic importance for human and livestock consumption, the information regarding signalling networks during plant stress response in this group is very scarce. Lotus japonicus is a major experimental model within the Leguminosae family, whereas L. corniculatus and L. tenuis are frequent components of natural and agricultural ecosystems worldwide. These species display differences in their perception and response to diverse stresses, even at the genotype level, whereby they have been used in many studies aimed at achieving a better understanding of the plant stress-response mechanisms. However, we are far from the identification of key components of their stress-response signalling network, a previous step for implementing transgenic and editing tools to develop legume stress-resilient genotypes, with higher crop yield and quality. In this review we scope a body of literature, highlighting what is currently known on the stress-regulated signalling elements so far reported in Lotus spp. Our work includes a comprehensive review of transcription factors chaperones, redox signals and proteins of unknown function. In addition, we revised strigolactones and genes regulating phytochelatins and hormone metabolism, due to their involvement as intermediates in several physiological signalling networks. This work was intended for a broad readership in the fields of physiology, metabolism, plant nutrition, genetics and signal transduction. Our results suggest that Lotus species provide a valuable information platform for the study of specific protein-protein (PPI) interactions, as a starting point to unravel signalling networks underlying plant acclimatation to bacterial and abiotic stressors in legumes. Furthermore, some Lotus species may be a source of genes whose regulation improves stress tolerance and growth when introduced ectopically in other plant species.
Genome-wide analysis of the CalS gene family in cotton reveals their potential roles in fiber development and responses to stress
Authors: Feng Jiajia , Chen Yi , Xiao Xianghui , Qu Yunfang , Li Pengtao , Lu Quanwei , Huang Jinling
Published: November 2021

Callose deposition occurs during plant growth and development, as well as when plants are under biotic and abiotic stress. Callose synthase is a key enzyme for the synthesis of callose. In this study, 27, 28, 16, and 15 callose synthase family members were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum using the sequence of Arabidopsis callose synthase. The CalSs were divided into five groups by phylogenetic, gene structure, and conservative motif analysis. The conserved motifs and gene structures of CalSs in each group were highly similar. Based on the analysis of cis-acting elements, it is inferred that GhCalSs were regulated by abiotic stress. WGD/Segmental duplication promoted the amplification of the CalS gene in cotton, and purification selection had an important function in the CalS family. The transcriptome data and qRT-PCR under cold, heat, salt, and PEG treatments showed that GhCalSs were involved in abiotic stress. The expression patterns of GhCalSs were different in various tissues. We predicted that GhCalS4, which was highly expressed in fibers, had an important effect on fiber elongation. Hence, these results help us understand the role of GhCalSs in fiber development and stress response.
The gut microbiota of wild wintering great bustard (Otis tarda dybowskii): survey data from two consecutive years
Authors: Lu Zhiyuan , Li Sisi , Li Hongxia , Wang Zhucheng , Meng Derong , Liu Jingze
Published: November 2021

Background

The composition of the intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in modulating host health. It serves as a sensitive evaluation indicator and has substantial implications in protecting endangered species. Great Bustards are typical farmland-dependent wintering birds that are highly susceptible to the interference of human activities. However, information regarding their gut microbiota remains scarce.

Methods

To ensure a comprehensive analysis of this crucial data, we collected fecal samples from wild Great Bustards at their wintering habitat for two consecutive years. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was subsequently applied to characterize their core gut microbiota and determine whether the gut microbial composition was similar or varied interannually.

Results

The gut microbiota of the Great Bustard was primarily comprised of four phyla: Firmicutes (82.87%), Bacteroidetes (7.98%), Proteobacteria (4.49%), and Actinobacteria (3.67%), accounting for 99.01% of the microbial community in all samples. Further analysis revealed 22 genera of core microbes and several pathogens. Notably, there were no significant differences in the alpha-diversity and beta-diversity between the two sample groups from different years.

Conclusions

This study provides essential information for assessing the health and developing targeted protective measures of this threatened species.
Performance Analysis of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces in Multi-Input-Single-Output Indoor Hotspot Environment
Authors: Al Junaedi Anas Machfudy , Pramono Sholeh Hadi , Edy Purnomo M. Fauzan
Published: November 2021

The evolution of 5G and beyond is boosting the development of telecommunication technology. In the future communication system, achievable rate and energy efficiency become the main aspects due to highly reliable and low latency requirements. Applying multiple antennas and applying cooperative communication scenarios to the system may enhance the network's performance. Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) and relaying protocols are some examples of cooperative communication applications. IRS is multiple two-dimensional meta-surface elements that can reflect the incoming signal to get the desirable beam-forming based on its phase. While the relay is a device that can be used to enhance the performance of the networks based on its protocols such as amplify forward (AF) and decode forward (DF). Accordingly, this paper studies an IRS supporting MISO transmission and compares it with the relay deployment scenario. As a result, IRS has higher performance compared with any other scenario, and adding more IRS elements may enhance the achievable rate.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from some Street Hot Beverages in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Attien Paul Yao , Koua Atobla , Chabi-Sika Kamirou , Sina Haziz , Konate Ibrahim , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens found in street food, including hot beverages. However, information about S. aureus isolated from street hot beverages from coffee carts is very limited in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Aims: We aimed to characterize phenotypically S. aureus isolated from street hot beverages sold in Abidjan.

Methodology: A total of 400 samples of hot beverage were collected and analyzed. The identification was made through conventional microbial and biochemical analysis. Macroscopic identification on the Baird Parker agar supplement with egg yolk tellurite. Microscopic observation through Gram staining as well as biochemical tests such as catalase, DNase and coagulase were performed. To confirm staphylococcal strains, the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used. After identification, the susceptibility of the staphylococcal isolates was evaluated using disc diffusion method.

Results: Result showed that most of Staphylococcus aureus (18.4%) were isolated from tea. All the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from street beverages were sensitive to cefoxitin and vancomycin. All the S. aureus isolated from milk were resistant to Erythromycin. Although beverages are consumed hot, the presence of S. aureus in ready-to-drink beverage transmitted infections to consumers.

Conclusion: This drink need attention for the seller and the user to avoid some infections.
Land Use Practices along Saadani-Wami-Mbiki Wildlife Corridor and their Implications to Wildlife Conservation
Authors: Ebenezeri Kileo Lawrance , Emmanuel Mbije Nsajigwa
Published: November 2021

Saadani-Wami-Mbiki wildlife corridor has been facing conservation threats as a result of various land-use practices (LUP) carried out in and around the corridor. The understanding of changes happening in the corridor over time is important for establishing the management baseline data. This study aimed at identifying land use practices along the Saadani-Wami-Mbiki wildlife corridor and their implications to wildlife conservation. Specifically, the study sought to determine the rate of land cover changes in the corridor between 1975 and 2011 and the effects associated with land use practices on wildlife conservation. The land sat imageries of 1975, 1995, and 2011 were used to assess the rate of vegetation cover changes as a result of various land use practices carried out along. The household survey and Key informants' interview methods were used to obtain socio-economic data which were analyzed using SPSS while GIS data were analyzed using the ERDAS IMAGINE 9.1   and ArcGIS 9.3 programs. In the past 36 years (1975-2011), the cultivated land increased by 25%, settlement by 13%, open forest by 10% while closed forest and grassland decreased by 18% and 3% respectively. Shifting cultivation, overgrazing, charcoal burning, settlements, and poaching were identified as major land use practices threatening wildlife conservation within the corridor. Based on the results, it was recommended that, the Government should formulate a land use management plan and introduce a community-based natural resources management strategy to improve natural resources utilization and reduction of human stress to the corridor.
Challenges of Effective Principals Leadership in School Improvement in Government Secondary Schools of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Kene Diriba , Kedir Hussien , Basha Garkebo , Dinsa Feyera
Published: November 2021

This research study aimed at investigating varied challenges that principals have been facing in an endeavor of school improvement in terms of input, process and outputs in secondary Schools of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. In this study, a qualitative research approach was followed and as such the data were collected with the help of semi-structured interview guides and focus group discussions. The study employed clustering, stratified, random and purposive sampling techniques to select 6 zones of Oromia region out of 20; 80 sample secondary schools out of 30, to draw 45 interviewees and 36 discussants, respectively. In this way, the interviews were conducted with the interviewees and focus group discussions were carried out among the discussants. Data obtained from these informants were analyzed using thematic analysis and narrative methods and paraphrasing the results of the discussants. The study identified inactive involvement of key stakeholders in the schools’ affairs; a weak capacity building for the principals; poor effort and commitment of students for class attendance and improvement of academic results; shortages of standard facilities and inputs; weakness of the principals together with SIP committee in properly developing strategic plan of the schools were among the main challenges that hindered effectiveness of principals’ school leadership in overall improvement of the schools. Because of these and other factors a great majority of the schools stood at level two that is below the expected level (level three & four ) in the study area. Based on  the  findings, it was recommended that principals should be equipped with basic knowledge and skills of school leadership, necessary facilities and inputs need to be fulfilled by the concerned bodies and stakeholders should be re-oriented in order to contribute in all possible aspect for betterment of school performance.
External Interventions and Community Innovativeness to Cope with Changes in Ecosystem Services of the Okpara Dam in Northen Benin
Authors: Balogoun Salomon , Drissou LatifouI
Published: November 2021

The Okpara dam in Northern Benin offers multiple ecosystem services (ESS) to the riparian communities living around. It is an important drinking water source for the populations of the largest nearby metropolis Parakou. Many development activities have been undertaken to increase its capacity to supply drinking water by the Benin national water Company (SONEB: Société National des Eaux du Bénin). These activities combined with climate change are drastically affecting the sustainability of ESS supply. This paper aims to analyse the determinants of changes in the provision of ESS and to assess the local innovations developed by local communities to adapt to these changes. Data collection consisted in interviewing 111 individuals in the nearby villages of the Okpara dam. It included farmers, fishermen, religious dignitaries, SONEB officials, and traditional leaders. The results show that the modernization work undertaken by SONEB has increased the capacity of the dam to supply drinking water to the Parakou’s population. On the other hand, they have deprived the local communities of many ESS such as cultural and religious spaces, entertainment and agricultural production areas. In addition to these development works, climate change and other anthropic actions are also cited as factors explaining the depletion of certain ESS around the dam. To limit the damage and safeguard agricultural production, local population have developed agricultural areas downstream of the dam with the creation of autonomous water points for market gardening. Fish farming areas have also been created for small-scale fishing. These innovations have helped not only to improve the availability of drinking water but also increase the income of farmers and fishermen and improve the social cohesion among the communities.
Farmers' Perception, Adaptation Strategies, their Determinants and Barriers to Climate Change in the Bundelkhand Region of Central India
Authors: Rai S. K. , Kumar Sunil , Ghosh P. K. , Satyapriya . , Govindasamy P. , Palsaniya D. R. , Singh Rupali
Published: November 2021

This study is based on a farm house hold survey (818 households) collected from 4 districts of drought prone region of central India and examines that how farmers perceive the climate change and adaptation strategies adopted over the past few decades. Nearly, 80.9%, 93.6% and 95.2% farmers’ perceived that the average temperature has increased, rainfall has decreased and occurrence of drought is more frequent, respectively during last 25–30 years. A significant decreasing trend was observed in annual rainfall at all the studied locations with a rate of 2.1 to 5.8 mm year–1. In most of the locations both maximum and minimum temperature showed an increasing trend during winter season (July-October) in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 and 0.4–1.5ºC per 100 year, respectively. However, only two locations viz., Jhansi and Banda district showed increasing trend in maximum temperature in the range of 0.8 to 2.3oC per hundred years during rainy season. This study revealed that the perceptions of rural farmers on climate change and variability are consistent with the climate trend analysis. Econometric model suggested a positive influence of age, agriculture experience, educational qualification, size of land holding, adequate access to credit facility and crop insurance, intermittent dry spell and adequate extension services on climate change perceptions and adaptation. The results further revealed that 69.8% respondent have implemented adaptation measures in response to dry spell. Furthermore, analysis showed that agriculture experience, educational qualification and intermittent dry spell and access to extension services are the key factors for adoption of various adaptation strategies particularly, irrigations scheduling, use of high yielding improved varieties, pesticides and change of planting date. Inadequate availability of irrigation resources and frequent drought as well as intermittent dry spells were considered as the most critical barriers for adaptation measures to climate change by farmers.
Hydrocarbon Reservoir Characterization of ‘Khume’ Field, Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Obakhume K. A. , Ekeng O. M. , Atuanya C.
Published: November 2021

The integrative approach of well log correlation and seismic interpretation was adopted in this study to adequately characterize and evaluate the hydrocarbon potentials of Khume field, offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria. 3-D seismic data and well logs data from ten (10) wells were utilized to delineate the geometry of the reservoirs in Khume field, and as well as to estimate the hydrocarbon reserves. Three hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs of interest (D-04, D-06, and E-09A) were delineated using an array of gamma-ray logs, resistivity log, and neutron/density log suites. Stratigraphic interpretation of the lithologies in Khume field showed considerable uniform gross thickness across all three sand bodies. Results of petrophysical evaluations conducted on the three reservoirs correlated across the field showed that; shale volume ranged from 7-14%, total and effective porosity ranged from 19-26% and 17-23% respectively, NTG from 42 to 100%, water saturation from 40%-100% and permeability from 1265-2102 mD. Seismic interpretation established the presence of both synthetic and antithetic faults. A total of six synthetic and four antithetic faults were interpreted from the study area. Horizons interpretation was done both in the strike and dip directions. Time and depth structure maps revealed reservoir closures to be anticlinal and fault supported in the field. Hydrocarbon volumes were calculated using the deterministic (map-based) approach. Stock tank oil initially in place (STOIIP) for the proven oil column estimated for the D-04 reservoir was 11.13 MMSTB, 0.54 MMSTB for D-06, and 2.16 MMSTB for E-09A reservoir. For the possible oil reserves, a STOIIP value of 7.28 MMSTB was estimated for D-06 and 6.30 MMSTB for E-09A reservoir, while a hydrocarbon initially in place (HIIP) of 4.13 MMSTB of oil equivalents was derived for the undefined fluid (oil/gas) in D-06 reservoir. A proven gas reserve of 1.07 MMSCF was derived for the D-06 reservoir. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of 3-D seismic and well logs data in delineating reservoir structural architecture and in estimating hydrocarbon volumes
Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Geriatric Medication
Authors: Joshi Priyanka , Sharma Naveen , Jain Megha , Matoli Harsha , Jain Vinay
Published: November 2021

Aging have an impact on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of drugs, resulting in clinically relevant safety and efficacy consequences. There appear to be a rise in gastrointestinal (GI) problems with age, and certain slight variations in the GI tract have been noted. Nevertheless, insufficient studies have been done on the impact of aging on the expression and activity of these GI transporters. Aging is associated with some reduction in first-pass metabolism that might be due to a decrease in liver mass and perfusion. Some medications with considerable first-pass metabolism, can have markedly enhanced bioavailability and, as a consequence bioavailability. Other high clearance (CL) medications have identical bioavailability in both young and old individuals. However, at the other hand, the first-pass activation of some prodrugs, may be slowed or decreased, leading to a reduction in bioavailability. Some drugs may have a low bioavailability when taken orally, benefitted from transdermal administration. There are still no specific age-related liver ailments, routine clinical tests of liver function do not vary substantially with age, the course, and outcome of some liver diseases can be affected by age. The characteristic of high or low extraction of a drug by the liver has been attributed to whether the metabolic clearance (CL) of a drug falls or remains unchanged with age. Reduction in renal function in elderly subjects, particularly glomerular filtration rate, affects the clearance of many drugs such as water-soluble antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The therapeutic significance of these declines in renal excretion is governed by the drug's expected toxicity. Many drugs show their effects specially in old age patients in different manner and depend on age related factors. It must take appropriate precautions for administering of different drugs to the old age patients.
Development of a Tool for Assessing Patient Compliance on Various Ayurvedic Formulations used for Internal Administration
Authors: Sumi A. , Abhilash M. , Sudhikumar K. B.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Compliance is a process where the patient follows the prescribed and dispensed regimen as intended by the prescriber. Poor compliance has been reported as it is the most common cause of non-response to medication. There is no single best indicator to assess      patient compliance in Health Research. This study aims to develop and validate a new questionnaire considering the pharmaceutical properties of Ayurvedic medicines to measure patient compliance.

Methods: The first phase consisted of a qualitative phase to identify the variables to measure patient compliance through in-depth interviews among five doctors and focus group discussion with eight practitioners, and pre-test with respondents, experts, and peers. The second phase was a quantitative phase to assess the respective responses of patients towards the questionnaire through a cross-sectional survey among 106 subjects as a pilot study.

Results: The qualitative analysis reported variables that were seen spread across eight domains were used to measure compliance.

Conclusion: Ayurvedic treatment is personalized and there is always a scope for a remake of formulation designing for each individual. Sticking on to appropriate prescriptions after properly assessing the needs of the patient and the reason for their non-compliance can bring a revolution in terms of cost-effectiveness and time. The wastage of medicines, whether raw drugs or processed ones can be prevented by recognizing the factors for non-compliance. There is always a scope for improvement with further alike or more developed research in patient compliance in Ayurveda.