bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “needle re-entry” technique for infrainguinal arterial calcified occlusive lesions
Authors: Haraguchi Takuya , Kashima Yoshifumi , Tsujimoto Masanaga , Watanabe Tomohiko , Shitan Hidemasa , Sugie Takuro , Hachinohe Daisuke , Kaneko Umihiko , Kobayashi Ken , Kanno Daitaro , Sato Katsuhiko , Fujita Tsutomu
Published: December 2021

Background

Vascular calcification is a predictor of poor clinical outcome during and after endovascular intervention. Guidewire crossing techniques and devices have been developed, but chronic total occlusions (CTOs) with severe calcification often prevent subintimal re-entry. We propose a novel guidewire crossing approach combined needle rendezvous with balloon snare technique, named the “needle re-entry” technique, for treatment of complex occlusive lesions.

Main text

A 73-year-old female with severe claudication in her right calf with ankle brachial index of 0.62, and a computed tomography angiogram showed a long occlusion with diffuse calcification in superficial femoral artery. She was referred to our department to have peripheral interventions. Since the calcified vascular wall of the lesion prevented the successful re-entry, the “needle re-entry” was performed. First, a retrograde puncture of the SFA, distally to the occlusion, was performed and an 0.018-in. guidewire with a microcatheter was inserted to establish a retrograde fashion. Second, an antegrade 5.0-mm balloon was advanced into a subintimal plane and balloon dilation at 6 atm was maintained. Third, an 18-gauge needle was antegradely inserted from distal thigh to the dilated 5.0-mm balloon. After confirming a balloon rupture by the needle penetration, we continued to insert the needle to meet the retrograde guidewire tip. Then, a retrograde 0.014-in. guidewire was carefully advanced into the needle hole, named the “needle rendezvous” technique. After further guidewire advancement to accomplish a guidewire externalization, the needle was removed. Finally, since the guidewire was passing through the 5.0-mm ruptured balloon, the balloon was withdrawn, and the guidewire was caught with the balloon and successfully advanced into the antegrade subintimal space, named the “balloon snare” technique. After the guidewire was advanced into the antegrade guiding sheath and achieved a guidewire externalization, an endovascular stent graft and an interwoven stent were deployed to cover the lesion. After postballoon dilation, an angiography showed a satisfactory result without complications. No restenosis, reintervention, and limb loss have been observed for one year follow-up period after this technique.

Conclusions

The “needle re-entry” technique is a useful guidewire crossing technique to revascularize femoropopliteal complex CTOs with severe calcification which prevent the achievement of guidewire crossing with the conventional procedures.
Seizures in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: blood pressure management in normotensive patients
Authors: Lu Lu , Xiong Weixi , Zhang Yingying , Xiao Yingfeng , Zhou Dong
Published: December 2021

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare clinical disease that refers to the subcortical vasogenic edema involving bilateral parieto-occipital regions, with a usually reversible syndrome when causes are eliminated or controlled. Hypertension or blood pressure fluctuations are most common causes of PRES, but other contributors like chemotherapy and autoimmune disorders have also been reported. PRES has rapid onset of symptoms. Therefore, it is of major importance to determine whether blood pressure management plays an important role in prognosis. We presented two PRES patients who developed non-convulsive seizure but had normal baseline blood pressure at the time of presence of cause. The diagnosis of PRES was made by neurologists. The patients had no history of seizure or hypertension, but during the disease course they presented with temporal elevation of blood pressure with different durations. The second patients without instant blood pressure control developed residual symptoms of seizure at 90- and 120-day follow-up. Although the exact pathophysiology of PRES remains to be fully understood, primary and secondary prolonged blood pressure fluctuations may be associated with the prognosis of this syndrome. Early blood pressure management would be critical to favorable outcome.
A review on the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum, Mentha spicata, and Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in repelling mosquito
Authors: Ojewumi Modupe Elizabeth , Obanla Oyinlola Rukayat , Atauba Daniel Mfon
Published: December 2021

@@@In recent times, repellents and synthetic drugs have been identified as having negative toxicity effects on humans and the environment. Apart from the unfavourable effects on man and livestock caused by these chemicals-based (synthetic) repellents, they are also expensive, non-biodegradable, and no more effective because mosquitoes are getting adapted. With these drawbacks, an eco-friendly plant-based insecticide as a substitute is needed urgently. This paper reviews the extraction and use of essential oil from the leaves ofMentha spicata,Ocimum gratissimum, andMoringa oleiferaas mosquito repellent. Carvone, Eugenol, and 9-Octadecenoic acid were discovered to be the most active components in theM. spicata,O. gratissimum, andM. oleiferaextracts, respectively, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Highlights

In recent times, repellents and synthetic drugs have been identified as having negative toxicity effects on humans and the environment. Apart from the unfavorable effects on man and livestock caused by these chemical-based (synthetic) repellents, they are also expensive, non-biodegradable, and no more effective because mosquitoes are getting adapted.

An eco-friendly plant-based insecticide as a substitute is needed urgently.

Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes are still a significant reason for the global mortality rate, with over 700 million individuals experiencing such diseases every year.

With the proper formulation of other repellent forms using their oils, they can replace non-degradable synthetic mosquito repellents since they are eco-friendly. In general, the mosquitocidal activity and percentage protection of plant extract increase with increasing concentration of the extracts in different formulations.

This paper is our original work. We certify that this manuscript has not been published in part or whole elsewhere in any language, and it has not been submitted to any other journal for reviews.
What drives local currency bond market development in Saudi Arabia: do macroeconomic and institutional factors matter?
Authors: Boukhatem Jamel
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this study is to empirically determine which factors are related to the development of local-currency bond market (LCBM) in Saudi Arabia over the period 1990–2019. Using ARDL modeling, the results reveal long-run cointegrating relationships between LCBM capitalization and macroeconomic, financial, and institutional factors. Unlike institutional ones, macroeconomic and financial factors seem to matter more in developing LCBM in the short run. However, in the long run, larger economic size more government spending, low inflation levels, broader and deeper banking system, higher bureaucratic quality, and better investment profile, all play a crucial role in the determination of Saudi LCBM. Policy implications include measures toward sound macroeconomic fundamentals, broad and deep banking system, efficient stock market, and high-quality governance institutions.
Memory and rejuvenation in a quasicrystal
Authors: Joshi D. C. , Gebresenbut G. , Pay Gomez C. , Mathieu R.
Published: December 2021

The glassy features of a single crystal of the icosahedral quasicrystal i-GdCd7.5 were investigated by means of squid magnetometry. The temperature-dependent zero-field–cooled magnetization was recorded on re-heating from low temperatures after halts in the cooling. The results evidence dynamical features akin to those of archetypal spin glasses, such as aging, memory, and rejuvenation. The results are compared to those of model spin glasses with different spin dimensionality, suggesting a qualitative similarity to the behaviour of metallic RKKY “Heisenberg” spin glasses.
Increased Dosage of MRA Improves BP and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Primary Aldosteronism With Suppressed Plasma Renin
Authors: Saiki Aya , Otsuki Michio , Tamada Daisuke , Kitamura Tetsuhiro , Mukai Kosuke , Yamamoto Koichi , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Excessive aldosterone secretion causes a high risk of cardio-cerebrovascular events. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) is 1 of the treatment strategies for primary aldosteronism (PA). However, current MRA treatment is insufficient because MRA-treated patients with suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) < 1 ng/mL/h still had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those with unsuppressed PRA. This is a prospective interventional study to determine the effects of an increase in MRA dosage on blood pressure (BP) control and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in MRA-treated PA patients.

Methods

Thirty-four PA patients were recruited, and 24 patients (6 male, 18 female) completed this study. Serum potassium concentration was assessed every two months to adjust the dosage of MRA safely for 6 months. The primary outcomes were the changes in BP and UAE between baseline and 6 months.

Results

Systolic BP (SBP) and log10UAE decreased significantly as the daily dose of MRA increased. Diastolic BP (DBP) tended to decrease. We divided the PA patients into two groups (baseline PRA < 1 ng/mL/h and baseline PRA ≥ 1 ng/mL/h) according to PRA. In the group with baseline PRA < 1 ng/mL/h but not that with baseline PRA ≥ 1 ng/mL/h, SBP, DBP and log10UAE after 6 months were significantly lower than those at baseline.

Conclusions

The increase in MRA dosage improved BP and UAE in PA patients with suppressed PRA.
Evaluation of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism on Changes in NT-proBNP Among Persons With HIV
Authors: Srinivasa Suman , deFilippi Christopher , Fitch Kathleen V , Iyengar Sanjna , Shen Grace , Burdo Tricia H , Walpert Allie R , Thomas Teressa S , Adler Gail K , Grinspoon Steven K
Published: December 2021

Subclinical myocardial dysfunction is prevalent among well-treated persons with HIV (PWH). We have previously demonstrated unique renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system physiology among PWH with metabolic dysregulation. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade may be a targeted treatment strategy for subclinical heart disease in PWH. Forty-six PWH were randomized to receive either eplerenone 50 mg daily or placebo in a 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. We assessed changes in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a biomarker of cardiac stretch, under controlled posture and dietary conditions. The eplerenone- and placebo-treated groups demonstrated a long duration of HIV with good immunological control. NT-proBNP levels were similar between the groups at baseline (41.1 [20.2, 97.9] vs 48.9 [29.2, 65.4] ng/L, P = .80) and decreased significantly more in the eplerenone- vs placebo-treated groups after 6 months (change NT-proBNP -9.6 [-46.8, 0.3] vs -3.0 [-17.0, 39.9] ng/L, P = .02 for comparison of change between groups). Decreases in NT-proBNP were independent of changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and related to decreases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.32, P = .05) and inversely to increases in serum aldosterone (ρ = -0.33, P = .04) among all participants. Treatment with eplerenone for 6 months vs placebo significantly decreases NT-proBNP levels among PWH, independent of eplerenone’s known blood pressure-lowering effects. Further studies should elucidate whether lowering NT-proBNP in this at-risk metabolic population with subclinical heart disease will offer cardioprotection.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT01405456
GH and Senescence: A New Understanding of Adult GH Action
Authors: Chesnokova Vera , Melmed Shlomo
Published: December 2021

Replicative senescence occurs due to an inability to repair DNA damage and activation of p53/p21 and p16INK4 pathways. It is considered a preventive mechanism for arresting proliferation of DNA-damaged cells. Stably senescent cells are characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which produces and secretes cytokines, chemokines, and/or matrix metalloproteinases depending on the cell type. SASP proteins may increase cell proliferation, facilitating conversion of premalignant to malignant tumor cells, triggering DNA damage, and altering the tissue microenvironment. Further, senescent cells accumulate with age, thereby aggravating age-related tissue damage. Here, we review a heretofore unappreciated role for growth hormone (GH) as a SASP component, acting in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. In senescent cells, GH is activated by DNA-damage-induced p53 and inhibits phosphorylation of DNA repair proteins ATM, Chk2, p53, and H2AX. Somatotroph adenomas containing abundant intracellular GH exhibit increased somatic copy number alterations, indicative of DNA damage, and are associated with induced p53/p21. As this pathway restrains proliferation of DNA-damaged cells, these mechanisms may underlie the senescent phenotype and benign nature of slowly proliferating pituitary somatotroph adenomas. In highly proliferative cells, such as colon epithelial cells, GH induced in response to DNA damage suppresses p53, thereby triggering senescent cell proliferation. As senescent cells harbor unrepaired DNA damage, GH may enable senescent cells to evade senescence and reenter the cell cycle, resulting in acquisition of harmful mutations. These mechanisms, at least in part, may underlie pro-aging effects of GH observed in animal models and in patients with chronically elevated GH levels.
Adult-Onset Focal Nesidioblastosis With Nodular Formation Mimicking Insulinoma
Authors: Doi Shunsuke , Yamada Takatsugu , Kito Yoshinori , Obara Shinsaku , Fujii Yusuke , Nishimura Takao , Kato Tatsushi , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Okamura Ryuji
Published: December 2021

Nesidioblastosis is defined as the neoformation of the islets of Langerhans from the pancreatic ductal epithelium and is recognized as the most common cause of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in infants. We herein report an extremely rare case of adult-onset focal nesidioblastosis with the unusual feature of hyperplastic nodular formation. A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for a tumor detected in the body of the pancreas by magnetic resonance imaging screening. Laboratory examinations showed a high insulin level in the blood. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and the selective arterial calcium injection test suggested the presence of multiple insulinomas in the body and tail of the pancreas, and, thus, the patient underwent distal pancreatectomy. A histopathological examination of the tumor in the body of the pancreas showed the nodular hyperplasia of islet-like cell clusters. In addition, many small intralobular ductules and islet cells appeared to be budding from the proliferating ductal epithelium, forming “ductuloinsular complexes”. No other abnormal lesion was detected in the remainder of the pancreas. The histopathological diagnosis was focal nesidioblastosis. The patient has remained free of the recurrence of hypoglycemic episodes for more than 31 months. The present case of rare adult-onset focal nesidioblastosis with hyperplastic nodular formation was preoperatively identified as an apparent pancreatic tumor mimicking insulinoma. Nesidioblastosis and insulinoma need to be considered in cases of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, even in adult patients.
Charter 77 in the journalism of the Parisian “Kultura”
Authors: Fiktus Paweł
Published: December 2021

Although the Czechoslovak theme was not of particular interest in the journalism of “Kultura” (compared to Ukrainian or Lithuanian issues), it covered issues concerning Poland’s southern neighbour. The year 1968 marked a special period of increased interest in Czechoslovakia and the associated process of a series of social, political and economic reforms, which went down in history under the name of the Prague Spring. The period after the invasion by the Warsaw Pact troops and the start of the so-called process of normalization was also closely commented on by columnists and analysts of “Kultura”. However, particular attention was paid to the activities of the opposition in the area of Charter 77. The purpose of this article is to show how the Parisian “Kultura” referred to the opposition movement in Czechoslovakia. Moreover, Czechoslovak writers associated with Czechoslovak immigrant communities spoke out more often in “Kultura” pages
Marker der Nachzeitigkeit im deutsch-italienischen Vergleich
Authors: Atayan Vahram
Published: December 2021

The goal of this contribution is the analysis of selected expressions of immediate posteriority in German and Italian from a comparative and translation-related perspective. In the present study, which was carried out as part of a joint research project (Nachzeitigkeit in Sprachvergleich und Übersetzung i. e. ‘Expression of Posteriority in Language Comparison and Translation’) at Heidelberg University and the University of Jena, these linguistic expressions are analysed using manual annotations of abstract semantic and pragmatic features on authentic instances using various statistical methods. Occurrences of the adverbs gleich, sofort, immediatamente or subito in the Europarl and OpenSubtitles corpora, in original or translated text material, serve as a source for the analysis. Typical use contexts of the four adverbs will be identified on a language-specific basis, possible influences of the text types/corpus sources on the use of the adverbs will be determined. Moreover, the use contexts of the adverbs will be analysed cross-linguistically as to correspondences and differences between the two languages, and typical translation options for the individual adverbs will be investigated as a result of various influencing parameters. At a general methodological level, the study intends to test rich semantic and pragmatic annotations and their statistical evaluation as approaches to comparative linguistics and translation studies as far as onomasiologically and functionally defined phenomena are concerned.
Der Ausdruck von Aktionen im Deutschen und Italienischen
Authors: Gärtig-Bressan Anne-Kathrin
Published: December 2021

The article considers contrastive linguistics as a discipline that interacts closely with its intralinguistic and applied neighbouring disciplines. Within this framework, the online ontology IMAGACT presents an instrument that allows to contrast how languages lexicalize concrete actions (movements, modification of objects, setting relations among objects, etc.) in their verbs.

German and Italian, the language pair considered here, differ typologically in their lexicalization strategies, which leads to difficulties in L2 acquisition, translation and lexicography. The article shows how the corpus-based IMAGACT database, which presents a set of 1010 actions in short films and links them to the appropriate verbs in 15 languages, provides help in these fields, and how it can at the same time empirically support contrastive-typological findings
Deutsches auch und italienisches anche im Vergleich
Authors: Moroni Manuela Caterina , Bidese Ermenegildo
Published: December 2021

The focus of our contribution is the German particle auch ‘also’ and its Italian counterpart anche. From a semantic point of view, auch and anche convey the same additive meaning in both languages: through them an element, called ‘domain of association’, is added to a list of further elements for which the auch/anche phrase applies. From a syntactical point of view, auch and anche can occupy different positions in the sentence by modifying the type and the scope of the domain of association. This results in four basic usage patterns which are similar in both languages and correspond to just as many functions of auch/anche: (i) additivity, (ii) sentence connection, (iii) focus domain, and (iv) modality. Despite these common functions, auch and anche interact with the syntax and the information structure of the sentence in German and in Italian differently. Furthermore, they are used in conversation contexts, which are distinctive in both languages.

By starting from the current description of auch and anche in the literature, the first aim of our contribution is to provide evidence for the above-mentioned four basic functions despite their language-specific usage contexts. As a second aim, we want to validate our systematization through the analysis of spoken data for German and Italian, explaining why some functions are more likely to be found in the former than in the latter.
Soziogeographische Variation im Deutschen und ihre Übersetzung ins Italienische
Authors: Cinato Lucia
Published: December 2021

The translation of multilingual texts, in which diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic varieties contribute to the characterization of the figures and their milieus, poses the problem of the sociolinguistic adequacy of the translation. It is well known that the greatest challenge lies in the varieties caused by the spatial variation of the language, since it is practically impossible to establish perfect equivalence between dialects. However, the reproduction of diamesic varieties, in particular the written reproduction of the spoken language, can cause great difficulties for translators. The article presents the TRADIVARIO project, the aim of which is to investigate strategies and tendencies in the translation of multilingual literary texts for the German-Italian language pair that are characterized by a pronounced sociolinguistic stratification or representative of the variety structure of the spoken language of the present. In addition, the concrete goal of the project is the creation of a parallel corpus as well as the development of a digital platform, which makes the results of the investigation researchable and which can serve as a tool both for translators and learners and as an empirical basis for contrastive linguistic research.
Voices from the past: Reviving a rarely heard musical on a college campus
Authors: Nelson Amanda J. , Masters Richard
Published: December 2021

Inspired by New York City Center’s Encores! programme, we came together as a music director and stage director to develop a new college programme focused on producing rarely heard musicals. As faculty members, we select a little-known musical and research basic production history to provide a launchpad for hands-on learning for students. Our process involves examining a show’s production history, exploring the story and score in their original historical milieu, and mounting a workshop production. Given the many forgotten musical theatre pieces, this act of excavation is possible for any college musical theatre programme, including those with limited resources. In this article, we share our approach and process, connecting strategies and tactics to experiential learning, and reflect on challenges encountered and opportunities discovered during our workshop production of Richard Maltby, Jr and David Shire’s The Sap of Life, a show that spent several months Off-Broadway in 1961 and then disappeared into the composer’s closet for the next 54 years. For The Sap of Life, we seized the opportunity to offer our students the experience of working and learning directly from Maltby and Shire, who visited campus as guest artists. Our excavation process provides the opportunity for students and professors alike to learn more about how a musical is developed, written, honed and ultimately produced on the stage.
Colonization Narrative in the «Notes of the West Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society» (on the Materials of the Altai District)
Authors: Pozharskaya K.A.
Published: December 2021

In 1877, the creation of the West Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society in Omsk marked a new stage in the history of scientific study of the Altai Mining District, which was expressed, among other things, in the active expeditionary activities of that time leading scientists to the region. The article analyzes the publication's content of the department's printed organ — «Notes», dedicated to the colonization process and migrations of the second half of the 19th century. The content of the works on the theme, their specificity, and their role in shaping the resettlement agenda are identified. It is emphasized that despite the positive assessment of the role of migration in the development of the Altai territory, experts of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries identified bifurcation points in the work of the «pro-gram» of peasant development of the territory (the relationship with the local Russian and foreign population, the agricultural potential of hotel lacunae, the impact of migration on the scrapping of the type of land use consistent with the natural and climatic conditions of the region, land crowding, rapid plowing of soils, etc.). The article concludes about the unique nature of field materials, their «live» content, the desire for fixation and objectification.
Enhancing Classroom Management Skills: Efficacy of a Supplemental Multi-Platform Intervention for Preservice Teachers
Authors: Rosenberg Michael , Duerr Sunny , Ingraham Kate , Bell Karen , Gould Art
Published: December 2021

Many teachers are ill-prepared to apply practices that can both preempt and address challenging behaviors that interfere with academic instruction. We evaluated the efficacy of a supplemental multi-platform (direct instruction, guided practice, and mixed reality simulations) intervention designed for preservice teachers who do not have opportunities to participate in formal classroom management courses. Efficacy of the intervention was assessed through the quality of classroom management plans, the presentation and implementation of the plan in the virtual classroom, and classroom management self-efficacy. Results indicated that preservice teachers successfully developed quality proactive classroom management plans but struggled to present and implement their plans. However, self-efficacy increased indicating that participants believed they were better able to manage classroom behavior than they did prior to the intervention. Implications of these outcomes are discussed with an emphasis on how adequate opportunities to practice acquired classroom management skills are included in budget-challenged teacher preparation programs.
An Analysis of Critical Literacy in Featured Manuscripts Appearing in Two Major Literacy Journals (2011-2020)
Authors: Gormley Kathleen A. , McDermott Peter
Published: December 2021

Literacy journals provide an important resource for teachers’ professional development. Although school districts offer in-service education for their faculty and teachers often attend conferences and workshops sponsored by professional teaching organizations, journal reading remains an important source of information for teachers’ ongoing learning. In this study we examined what elementary teachers would learn about teaching critical literacy from reading major journals in literacy education. Critical literacy served as our focus because of the increasing importance of readers knowing how to recognize political, social and cultural perspectives embedded in the texts that they read. Content analysis served as our research method in which all volumes of The Reading Teacher and Language Arts published between 2011 and 2020 were examined. Results yielded 20 manuscripts meeting our criteria, and these clustered into two categories: (1) manuscripts describing effective critical literacy projects in elementary classrooms; (2) manuscripts discussing the use of children’s literature for teaching critical literacy. Given recent national events relating to racial and ethnic injustice throughout the country, we recommend that literacy journals place greater emphasis in publishing manuscripts that help teachers include a critical literacy lens into the lessons they teach children.
CORRECCIÓN DEL DESPLAZAMIENTO ABOMASAL IZQUIERDO POR VIDEOLAPAROSCOPÍA
Authors: Leiva C JM
Published: December 2021

Correction of left abomasal displacement by video laparoscopy. This article reviews the benefits of the laparoscopic abomasopexy used for correction and fixation of the left abomasal displacement in dairy cows. The first steps are similar to the conventional technique, with sedation, analgesia and antisepsis. Two small flank incisions were made, the first one is about 10 centimeters ventral to the lumbar transverse processes in the cranial aspect of the left paralumbar fossa, and the second one, more cranial than the other and is located 7 cm ventral to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae in the left 11th intercostal space, these two are the entry points of instruments and optics. This technique allows us to shorten the surgical time, reducing the tissue exposure time, the possibility of intra and post-surgical infections and iatrogenic injuries. Therefore, we saw that the recovery time was shorter; and a quick return to production is guaranteed due to the low use of antibiotics.
Calculate Effective Atomic Number, Mass and Cross-Section Attenuation Coefficients for Nonanoic Acid by Using Gamma-Ray Sources
Authors: Aldalawi Ali Adil Turki , Hadi Mohammed Yahya , Hameed Rawaa A.
Published: December 2021

The effective atomic number (Z effective), total atomic cross-section (б Total) electron density (N effective) have been Measured depending on the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ). By using Gamma-ray radiation (γ), emitted from sources (57𝐶𝑜, 133𝐵𝑎, 22𝑁𝑎, 137𝐶𝑠, 54𝑀𝑛, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 60𝐶𝑜) with energies from (0.122, 0.356, 0.511, 0.662, 0.84, 1.17, 1.275 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1.33𝑀𝑒𝑉) respectively. using the Sodium Iodide Scintillation Detectors NaI (Tl) at 662 keV and resolution about 8.2% have been measured the mass attenuation coefficients for the sample “Nonanoic acid its common name Pelargonic acid” it’s chemical formula C9H18O2. The data from the mass attenuation coefficient were then employed to study Zeffective, Neffective, and бtotal of the sample. In the presence of gamma-ray energy, it was discovered that the effective atomic number and effective electron densities first drop and they tend to remain nearly constant. The experimental values obtained by Zeffective and Neffective were in excellent agreement with the theoretical values. The theoretical data that is accessible is obtained from XCom, which is available online. The study's findings aid in understanding how (μ/ρ) values change when Zeff and Neff values vary in the case of H, C, and O based biological molecules such as fatty acids.
Evaluation of Gross Alpha and Beta Activity Concentrations and Annual Effective Dose in Drinking Waters of Misan Province-Iraq Using Low Background Gas Flow Proportional Counter (LB- 4110)
Authors: Fleifil Sawsan Sh. , AL-Sudani Zahraa A. Ismail
Published: December 2021

In this study, assessment of levels natural radioactivity in drinking water samples of Misan Province of Iraq was carried out. A total of 33 (Tigris river, station and Tap) water samples collected from eleven places in Misan Province of Iraq. The beta and alpha gross radioactivity of the samples water was measured and an average annual effective dose derived of drinking-water ingestion was estimation utilizing new model a LB-4110 low background gas flow proportional counter. The data indicated that the Beta and Alpha gross activities and annual effective dose in samples did not exceed WHO recommended levels (0.5 Bq/L of Alpha gross, 1.0 Bq/L of Beta gross and 0.1 mSv/y for annual effective dose).
Synthesis and Study the Properties of a Solar Cell of Gold Nanoparticles Prepared in a Simple Chemical Way
Authors: Obaid Maithm A. , Fadaam Suha A , Hashim Osama S.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to prepare gold nanoparticles by a simple chemical method at a temperature of 70°C. The solution was dried on glass basest by Casting method, the rate of five drops per sample At a temperature 100 C. Then the structural and optical properties have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and spectrum.
Assessment of Laser Effects on the Structure and Electrical Properties of the Compound Bi2-xAgxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ Superconducting
Authors: Shafeek Nihad Ali
Published: December 2021

This research contains preparing the superconducting compound Bi2-xAgxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ and studying its structural and electrical characteristics. The samples were prepared using the solid-state method in two stages, and different concentrations of x were (x= 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8) replaced instead of bismuth Bi. Then, using a hydraulic press 9 ton/cm2 and sintering with a temperature of 850°C, the samples were pressed. Next, x-ray diffraction is used to study the structural properties. The study of these samples was presented in different proportions of x values, where x = 0.4 is the best compensation ratio of x. A critical temperature of 1400C and the Tetragonal structure was got. After that, the effect of laser nidinium _ yak (Nd: YAG laser) was used on the compositional. It was found that the temperature value increased, so we got the best critical temperature, which is 142 0C.
Spectroscopy of the Mirror Instability Growth Rate in Hollow Electrodes Discharge (HED) Plasma
Authors: Kadhim Murad M. , Abbas Qusay A.
Published: December 2021

In this work, an experimental study was conducted about the effect of gas pressure on the growth rate of the mirror instability produced in hollow electrodes discharge (HED) plasma in two regions: inter-electrodes gap and internal cathode cavity, by optical emission spectroscopy. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements, at different gas pressures in two regions under study, show that the electron number density (ne) increase with increasing gas pressure from 0.04 to 0.2 Torr. While the electron temperature (Te) decrease with increased gas pressure. In addition, the growth rate increase with increasing electron temperature anisotropy in both regions.
Spectroscopic Studies of Polypyrrole - PVA Reinforced Iraqi Bentonite Clay Composites
Authors: Al-Rubaye Shaymaa Hadi , Abdullah Eman Hammod , Al-Keisy Amar
Published: December 2021

The mixture of Polypyrrole solution with polyvinyl alcohol reinforced Iraqi Bentonite clay are used for preparing a composite that investigated in this study. The weight percentage of bentonite used is 5, 10, 15, and 20 and the particle size selected is less than 75 μm. Composite samples prepared has a thickness of 0.15mm and dimensions of 2.6×2.8 cm2. The optical properties of polymer composites were studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The values of optical energy gap decreased from 5.44, 5.41, 5.38 and 5.28 eV for the 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of bentonite respectively, and the absorption coefficient increased. The extinction coefficient increases with increasing additive bentonite and decreases as the incident wave length increase. The present work is very important for tailoring the optical response of Polypyrrole – bentonite composites according to specific requirements.
Архівувати – досліджувати – повертати із забуття: нотатки до творчого портрету Наталі Хобзей
Authors: Гриценко Павло
Published: December 2021

Дослідницький шлях Наталі Хобзей (1964–2018) позначений цінними студіями про лексику українських карпатських діалектів, регіональними словниками Гуцульська міфологія. Етнолінгвістичний словник (2002), Гуцульські світи. Лексикон (2013), Лексикон львівський: поважно і на жарт (2009, 2012, 2015), підготовленими до друку діалектними лексиконами інших авторів. Ці праці відчутно розширюють інформацію про лексику та інші структурні рівні українських діалектів. У дослідженнях стверджено виразну самобутність гуцульських говірок, інформаційний потенціал яких досі не розкрито вповні; продемонстровано необхідність залучення до студіювання діалекту автентичних розлогих діалектних текстів, фольклорних записів, давніших етнографічних та діалектологічних праць (як основи зіставного студіювання говірок за їх різночасовими фіксаціями / описами). У працях Н. Хобзей та львівського академічного кола діалектологів реалізовано тріаду актуальних завдань: архівувати кожен елемент говірок як результат народного мовокористування та мовотворенння; досліджувати діалектні явища у просторі, змінах у часі та на тлі народної культури; повертати із забуття в інформаційний науковий простір, віталізувати загрожені на зникнення елементи народної мови.
Dziewiętnastowieczne słowniczki gwarowe księdza Władysława Siarkowskiego z perspektywy leksykograficznej
Authors: Cygan Stanisław
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem opisu w artykule są dwa regionalne słowniczki z obszaru Małopolski środkowo-północnej autorstwa ks. Władysława Siarkowskiego. Rejestrują one dziewiętnastowieczną leksykę z regionu kieleckiego (okolice Kielc, Pińczowa). Charakteryzując zbiorki wyrazów, uwzględniam następujące kwestie: a) czas powstania słowniczków; b) objętość; c) zasięg terytorialny; d) makrostrukturę słowniczków, e) mikrostrukturę słowniczków. Zawarty w nich materiał leksykalny stanowi przede wszystkim źródło do poznania najstarszego stanu gwar małopolskich (ściślej: Małopolski środkowo-północnej), źródło do badań gwar polskich w ogóle, ale daje także wgląd w pracę warsztatową niewykwalifikowanych leksykografów, pasjonatów, hobbystów, miłośników „rzeczy ludowych”, których działania przyczyniły się do zachowania i ocalenia od zapomnienia mowy mieszkańców wsi w dobie niewoli narodowej.
The methodological assumptions about research into language of villagers
Authors: Sierociuk Jerzy
Published: December 2021

The article presents a presumption that contemporary rural areas are witnesses not only to intense transformations of the inhabitants’ living conditions but also very rapid changes to the language spoken by the local communities where the traditionally defined dialects are less and less frequently the major means of communication. 1) The presented research proposal highlights the need for taking into account several premises: collecting in the field lexical material mainly by focusing attention on a specific subject area; 2) taking into account various social and linguistic parameters at the stage of collecting the material; for the research, select informants who represent various generations as indicated by the informants’ years of birth; for the purpose of clarity, five generation intervals have been identified; 3) the material, subjected to computer processing, should be accompanied by particulars including a few basic parameters that allow to characterise each element in detail.
Communicating across educational boundaries: accommodation patterns in adolescents’ online interactions
Authors: Hilte Lisa , Daelemans Walter , Vandekerckhove Reinhild
Published: December 2021

This paper studies linguistic accommodation patterns in a large corpus of private online conversations produced by Flemish secondary school students. We use Poisson models to examine whether the teenagers adjust their writing style depending on their interlocutor’s educational profile, while also taking into account the extent to which these adaptation patterns are influenced by the authors’ own educational background or by other aspects of their socio-demographic profiles. The corpus does reveal accommodation patterns, but the adjustments do not always mirror variation patterns related to educational profiles. While salient features like expressive markers seem to lead to pattern-matching, less salient features appear less prone to ‘adequate’ adjustment. Lack of familiarity with the online behavior of students from other educational tracks is a factor too, since online communication clearly proceeds primarily within ‘same-education’ networks. The focus on cross-educational communication is quite unique in this respect and highly relevant from a sociological perspective.
Evaluation of feedback modalities and preferences regarding feedback on decision-making in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Graham Jessica M.K. , Ambroggio Lilliam , Leonard Jan E. , Ziniel Sonja I. , Grubenhoff Joseph A.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To compare pediatric emergency clinicians’ attitudes toward three feedback modalities and assess clinicians’ case-based feedback preferences.

Methods

Electronic survey sent to pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians and fellows; general pediatricians; and advanced practice providers (APPs) with nine questions exploring effectiveness and emotional impact of three feedback modalities: case-based feedback, bounce-back notifications, and biannual performance reports. Additional questions used a four-point ordinal agreement response scale and assessed clinicians’ attitudes toward case review notification, case-based feedback preferences, and emotional support. Survey responses were compared by feedback modality using Pearson’s chi-squared.

Results

Of 165 eligible providers, 93 (56%) responded. Respondents agreed that case-based feedback was timely (81%), actionable (75%), prompted reflection on decision-making (92%), prompted research on current clinical practice (53%), and encouraged practice change (58%). Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) performance reports scored the lowest on all metrics except positive feedback. No more than 40% of providers indicated that any feedback modality provided emotional support. Regarding case-based feedback, 88% of respondents desired email notification before case review and 88% desired feedback after case review. Clinicians prefer receiving feedback from someone with similar or more experience/training. Clinicians receiving feedback desire succinctness, supporting evidence, consistency, and sensitive delivery.

Conclusions

Case-based feedback scored highest of the three modalities and is perceived to be the most likely to improve decision-making and promote practice change. Most providers did not perceive emotional support from any feedback modality. Emotional safety warrants purposeful attention in feedback delivery. Critical components of case-based feedback include succinctness, supporting evidence, consistency, and sensitive delivery.
Hybrid of differential quadrature and sub-gradients methods for solving the system of Eikonal equations
Authors: Meher Mehrollah , Rostamy Davood
Published: December 2021

Many important natural phenomena of wave propagations are modeled by Eikonal equations and a variety of new methods are needed to solve them. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is an effective numerical method for solving the system of differential equations that can achieve accurate numerical results using fewer grid points and therefore requires relatively little computational effort. In this paper, we focus on the implementation of the non-smooth Eikonal optimization by using a hybrid of polynomial differential quadrature (PDQ) or Fourier differential quadrature (FDQ) method and sub-gradients idea. Our goal is to develop a new Eikonal equation system design for wave propagation equations, as well as the efficiency and accuracy of new grid points to reduce errors and compare errors in various physical equation problems, especially wave propagation equations, and achieve their convergence. We explore the accuracy and stability of the Eikonal equation system by two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical examples and the use of three types of grid points in a comprehensive manner. This article aims to create a new and innovative solution to the non-smooth Eikonal equation system. This new method is much more efficient and effective than traditional numerical solution methods same as DQ.
Henry’s law constants (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)
Authors: Sander Rolf , Acree William E. , De Visscher Alex , Schwartz Stephen E. , Wallington Timothy J.
Published: December 2021

Henry’s law states that the abundance of a volatile solute dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its abundance in the gas phase. It applies at equilibrium and in the limit of infinite dilution of the solute. For historical reasons, numerous different definitions, names, and symbols are used in the literature to express the proportionality coefficient, denoted the “Henry’s law constant”. Here, a consistent set of recommendations is presented. An important distinction is made between two new recommended reciprocal quantities: “Henry’s law solubility constant” (H
s) and “Henry’s law volatility constant” (H
v). Eight recommended variants of H
s and H
v are described and relations among them presented.
Proximal versus distant suffering in TV news discourses on COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Florea Silvia , Woelfel Joseph
Published: December 2021

News is central to human communication and has an important signifying power as a particular subsystem within language. This study sets out to comprehensively examine how four major TV global news providers – CNN, BBC, DW and RT – have covered the COVID-19 pandemic from outbreak to mid-crisis. We apply a multi-level content analysis approach that rests on theories of proximization and representation of distant suffering, following a computer-assisted analysis that aids in identifying concepts occurrence and the semantic relationship among the highly frequent clusters. We explore the news representation during 2020 of COVID-19 as proximal versus distant discourses of suffering, safety and compassion conceptualized in light of theories on distant suffering. A total number of 12 dataset reports consisting of 2,017,875 words were analyzed. The results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic news formulates a particular type of discourse on suffering that individualizes the sufferer, sets out the course of action and turns the fast-approaching pandemic into a global cause for action.
Investigating the Online Game-based and Group-Based Flipped Online Learning of Drug Abuse Prevention on Learning Achievement Among Grade 10 Students in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Srisiri Sununta , Mootin Songmongkorn
Published: December 2021

This study was examined the effect of the online Game-based learning versus the Group-Based Flipped Classroom online learning experiences about drug abuse prevention on the learning achievement among grade 10 students in Bangkok, Thailand. Classroom action research was implemented among grade 10 students at high school in Bangkok selected through purposive. Two comparable classrooms were assigned to either the online game-based learning or group-based flipped online learning for 2 weeks. The instruments employed in the study consisted of: (1) a flipped classroom model with online group investigation, (2) an online game-based model as individual learning, (3) the learning achievement—drug abuse prevention cognitive test. Independent t-test was analyzed to test the effectiveness of the two interventions. It revealed there was a significant difference in the learning achievement of drug abuse prevention given to those who were exposed to online game-based learning and those who were exposed to group-based flipped classroom online learning (t= 3.945, n1= 43, n2= 39, p= 0.000). From the study, high school students who were exposed to the online game-based learning performed better to those exposed to group-based flipped classroom online learning. Teachers are to encourage students to use individual learning to improve performance.