bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A one‐day journey to the suburbs: circadian clock in the Drosophila visual system
Authors: Damulewicz Milena , Mazzotta Gabriella M.
Published: November 2024

Living organisms, which are constantly exposed to cyclical variations in their environment, need a high degree of plasticity in their visual system to respond to daily and seasonal fluctuations in lighting conditions. In Drosophila melanogaster, the visual system is a complex tissue comprising different photoreception structures that exhibit daily rhythms in gene expression, cell morphology, and synaptic plasticity, regulated by both the central and peripheral clocks. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of the circadian clock and the visual system in Drosophila and comprehensively describe circadian oscillations in visual structures, from molecules to behaviors, which are fundamental for the fine‐tuning of visual sensitivity. We also compare some features of the rhythmicity in the visual system with that of the central pacemaker and hypothesize about the differences in the regulatory signals and mechanisms that control these two clocks.
Bayesian Evaluation of Growth Rates and Kleiber's Ratios in Harnali Sheep: Dissecting Maternal and Additive Genetic Contributions
Authors: Dash Spandan Shashwat , Bangar Yogesh C. , Magotra Ankit , Patil C. S.
Published: November 2024

Understanding the genetic basis of growth and metabolic traits in sheep is crucial for improving production efficiency and sustainability. The current study aimed to estimate the genetic influences, both direct and maternal, on growth rate and Kleiber's ratio traits in Harnali sheep using pedigree data under Bayesian inference. The data pertained to 2404 animals spanned over 24 years (1998–2021). Fixed factors such as birth period, lamb sex and dam's weight at lambing were considered. The traits studied included average daily gains (ADGs) categorised into ADG1 (birth to weaning age), ADG2 (weaning to 6 months of age) and ADG3 (6–12 months of age), as well as corresponding Kleiber's ratios (KR1, KR2 and KR3). Six single‐trait animal models were employed to estimate covariance components and heritabilities, integrating direct additive and maternal effects alongside significant fixed factors using THRGIBBS1F90 and POSTGIBBSF90 programmes. Direct heritability estimates were obtained for ADG1 (0.11 ± 0.05), ADG2 (0.06 ± 0.03), ADG3 (0.03 ± 0.03), KR1 (0.07 ± 0.03), KR2 (0.06 ± 0.03) and KR3 (0.05 ± 0.03). Maternal genetic effects have contributed significant particularly to pre‐weaning traits. The study identified an antagonistic relationship between direct additive and maternal genetic effects. Positive genetic and phenotypic correlations emphasised the intricate relationship between growth and metabolic efficiency in Harnali sheep. The current study offers critical insights into the genetic basis of growth and metabolic traits in Harnali sheep, ultimately contributing to more efficient and sustainable sheep production systems.
Up‐regulation of HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 long non‐coding RNAs acts as a potential peripheral biomarker for bipolar disorder
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Mokhtari Mohammad Javad
Published: November 2024

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric condition that is frequently misdiagnosed and linked to inadequate treatment. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have lately gained recognition as crucial genetic elements and are now regarded as regulatory mechanisms in the neurological system. Our objective was to measure the quantities of HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 ncRNA transcripts. HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 ncRNA levels were checked in the peripheral blood of 50 type I BD and 50 control samples by real‐time PCR. Furthermore, we conducted ROC curve analysis and correlation analysis to examine the association between gene expression and specific clinical characteristics in instances with BD. Additionally, a computational study was performed to investigate the binding sites of miRNAs on the HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 lncRNAs. BD subjects showed a significant increase in the expression of HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 compared to controls. The lncRNAs HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 have an area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.70 and 0.71, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the expression levels of ncRNAs HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 in the peripheral blood of patients with BD and occupation scores. The data presented indicate a potential correlation between the expression of HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 lncRNAs with an elevated risk of BD. Furthermore, these lncRNAs may be linked to several molecular pathways. Our findings indicate that the amounts of lncRNAs HOXA‐AS2 and MEG3 in transcripts might be a promising potential biomarker for patients with BD.
Effect of Plant Identity in Wheat Mixtures on English Grain Aphid (Sitobion avenae) Control
Authors: Tous‐Fandos Alba , Gallinger Jannicke , Enting Arnoud , Chamorro‐Lorenzo Lourdes , Sans F. Xavier , Ninkovic Velemir
Published: November 2024

Field experiments have demonstrated that wheat mixtures differ in their ability to regulate aphid populations. To further investigate the effectiveness of wheat mixtures (Triticum aestivum and Triticum turgidum) in controlling aphids, we conducted both laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Specifically, we assessed the associational resistance of two wheat mixtures (Florence‐Aurora with Forment, Florence‐Aurora with Montcada), and their respective monocultures, in different stages of the aphid host selection process. We analysed aphid acceptance rate, population growth, and load under different wheat treatments. Additionally, we characterised wheat aboveground biomass and nitrogen content as important functional traits for aphid resistant. Aphid acceptance decreased in plants of cv. Forment when exposed to volatiles from undamaged Florence‐Aurora plants, whereas the other tested combinations tested had no effect. Aphids performed differently in the two mixtures: Florence‐Aurora mixed with Forment significantly reduced aphid population growth and load compared to the monocultures, whereas the combination of Florence‐Aurora with Montcada wheat had no effect on aphid performance. The plant–plant interactions also modified the analysed traits. Nitrogen content of Florence‐Aurora wheat plants was reduced when mixed with Forment wheat, which may explain the lower aphid load observed in plants of cv. Florence‐Aurora when mixed with plants of cv. Forment. However, mixing wheats with similar aboveground biomass resulted in an increase in the average biomass of plants of both cultivars which could have led to a higher aphid population. The data supports the idea of right neighbour, as the benefits of wheat mixtures for aphid control were determined by the identity of the combined plants (or species). Finally, our results suggest that associating wheats with different traits may promote facilitative interactions, which in turn enhances associational resistance, whereas the combination of wheats with similar traits may result in competitive interactions that may hinder aphid control benefits.
Host‐Parasite Interaction Between the Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) paraensis and Fish Hoplias malabaricus From the Natural Environment in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Corrêa Lincoln L. , Tavares‐Dias Marcos , Arana Sarah , Adriano Edson A.
Published: November 2024

Histopathological studies of parasitic infections in fish from the natural environment of Brazilian Amazon, are quite scarce. In this study, we investigated the histopathological changes of the proximal intestine of specimens of the Amazonian fish Hoplias malabaricus infected by the hematophagous nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) paraensis. The prevalence of the infection was 60%, with an average abundance of 1.46 and an average intensity of 2.43 parasites/fish. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of infection and fish size or sex, but larger fish showed greater infection intensity, which was also significantly higher in male hosts. Histological sections of the proximal intestine showed reduction and loss of the epithelial lining, exposure of the lamina propria where the nematode interacts with the intestine wall, through the insertion of the buccal capsule and fish cellular debris in the intestinal lumen. In addition, areas with bleeding and inflammatory infiltrate were observed, but no changes or presence of parasite structures were observed in the other tunics of the intestinal wall.
Prospective study on comparison of simulation‐based mastery learning versus conventional apprentice‐based learning for basic endoscopy training
Authors: Maulahela Hasan , Soetikno Roy M. , Kaltenbach Tonya R. , Annisa Nagita Gianty , Putri Nurul Amelia Rahayu , Syam Ari Fahrial , Simadibrata Marcellus , Findyartini Ardi , Indriatmi Wresti
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

The simulation‐based mastery learning (SBML) method holds promise for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of endoscopy training. However, further study is required to establish its advantages over the traditional method. We aim to prospectively compare outcomes between gastrointestinal endoscopy trainees taught using SBML and those trained using conventional apprenticeship methods for upper endoscopy.

Methods

We performed a blinded, stepwise, comparative study with SBML participants deliberately practicing deconstructed steps of upper endoscopy and apprenticeship participants observing procedures. Three blinded trainers assessed trainees' skills using a validated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) tool pre‐and post‐training. The minimum pass standard (MPS) was set at a score > 2. We compared MPS of the groups using standard statistics and paired t‐test.

Results

Six trainees were enrolled in the SBML group, and six in the conventional group. All trainees in the SBML group passed the minimum standard compared with the conventional group (P = 0.06). All trainees in the SBML group obtained significantly higher scores in overall basic GI endoscopic skills, esophageal, stomach, and duodenal observation skills than those of the conventional apprenticeship group (P < 0.05). The SBML curriculum led to three times more learning (Cohen's d = 6.5) than the conventional method (Cohen's d = 1.8).

Conclusion

This prospective study supports SBML for upper endoscopy training compared with the traditional apprentice‐based method. SBML resulted in a steeper learning curve, as trainees learned three times more during the same period. Furthermore, trainees developed a uniform competency level at the end of training.
Reports of Corneal Opacity in Wild Andean Night Monkeys (Aotus lemurinus) in the Colombian Andes
Authors: Ruiz‐Lozano Silvia Juliana , González‐Montenegro Gilder Esteban , Montilla Sebastián O.
Published: November 2024

Morphological abnormalities are rarely reported in night monkeys; in particular, eye problems in wild individuals are relatively rare in the literature. We present for the first time a record of corneal opacity in two wild individuals of the species Aotus lemurinus in the Andean region of Colombia. In this study, we found cases of corneal opacity probably associated with infectious and contagious processes, injuries resulting from attacks, the age of the individuals, and the health status of the groups in wildlife. We encourage researchers to report their observations of wild primates with ocular abnormalities, as this information could be useful in estimating rates of occurrence and addressing questions associated with the physiological status, social behavior of the species, and their effects on natural populations.
Patchy Dermal Melanocytosis: Differential Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Zhu Jiafang , Cen Qingqing , Chang Rui , Han Yue , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: November 2024

Background

Nevus of Ito and Mongolian spots are distinct clinical presentations of patchy dermal melanocytosis, characterized by similar dermatological manifestations that can pose diagnostic difficulties for clinicians.

Aim

This review aims to consolidate current understanding and research advancements on these conditions to facilitate clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management.

Methods

A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted, along with an analysis of pertinent literature retrieved from reference lists spanning nearly four decades.

Results

Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological profiles exhibit nuanced differences between the two conditions, with unique expressions under electron microscopy and the regression possibility. It is noteworthy that most Mongolian spots naturally fade with advancing age, in contrast to nevus of Ito, which persist and may potentially evolve into malignant lesions. While picosecond laser treatment has shown greater efficacy than nanosecond lasers, the lower‐energy approach holds particular promise in pediatric cases. The therapeutic landscape for patchy dermal melanocytosis is evolving, shifting from selective photothermal action to photomechanical or subcellular photothermal modalities.

Conclusion

This review underscores the importance of meticulous clinical assessment and the potential of innovative therapeutic approaches in managing these conditions.
Comparison and Assessment of Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capacity Between EGCG and Phosphatidylcholine‐Encapsulated EGCG
Authors: Yuan Minjia , Hu Lili , Zhu Cuicui , Li Qi , Tie Hang , Ruan Haihua , Wu Tao , Zhang Hongyang , Xu Liang
Published: November 2024

Aim

To compare and evaluate the differences between EGCG and phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG in terms of their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant capacities.

Methods

In this study, transdermal absorption experiments were conducted to compare the absorption capacity of EGCG and phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG. Subsequently, the disparity in anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy between EGCG and phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG were evaluated through cytotoxicity experiments, as well as the determination of cellular inflammatory factors and the measurement of ROS content under different treatment conditions.

Results

The concentration of EGCG, encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine, in porcine skin is 40.76 ± 1.29 μg/cm2, which is significantly higher than the concentration of EGCG alone (31.62 ± 2.01 μg/cm2). Also, the ability of phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG to suppress inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was notably superior to that of EGCG alone. Both phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG and EGCG showed excellent ROS scavenging ability in terms of antioxidant capacity.

Conclusion

The percutaneous absorption and anti‐inflammatory impact of EGCG encapsulated within phosphatidylcholine were substantially enhanced when compared to EGCG by itself. Additionally, both formulations exhibited enhanced ROS scavenging capacities, albeit the variance between them was not pronounced. These insights furnish a vital theoretical underpinning for the utilization of phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG in cosmetic applications, specifically for fostering products with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
The Loss of Autonomy in Eating Disorder Treatment: A Patient Perspective
Authors: Healey Hannah
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In this text, the author’s lived experiences as a youth with anorexia nervosa, anxiety, and depression are explored. Experiences with accessing North American health services, both in specialized eating disorder (ED) and disordered eating (DE) settings, as well as in healthcare more broadly are shared.

Aim

This work seeks to shed light on a patient perspective in mental health and to draw attention to some of the ways that the current framings of EDs and DE within the biomedical system might perpetuate harm.

Methods

In this piece, a collection of the author’s lived‐experiences and interactions with the healthcare system are explored.

Findings

The medical framing of EDs as a defect of both mind and body can jeopardize one’s autonomy and contribute to a sense of hopelessness. As mental health treatment increasingly prioritizes evidence‐based approaches and standardized practices, there is a growing concern that this shift risks undermining the autonomy of those it aims to support. The dualistic conceptualizations of mental and physical health in ED/DE treatment, at times, can cause harm, particularly for those who do not present with the physical manifestations of an ED/DE but remain largely affected in day‐to‐day life.

Discussion

The imposition of rigid treatment regimens can inadvertently diminish personal agency, overshadowing the nuanced, individualized needs and preferences of patients. Lived experience narratives encompass the personal, subjective insights of individuals navigating mental health challenges, in turn, providing invaluable insight that conventional methods may overlook.
Pharmacodynamics of 2 dosages of orally administered esomeprazole in client‐owned, healthy dogs: A prospective, crossover study
Authors: Ostronic Abby , Gremillion Christine , Zhang Song , Steiner Joerg M. , Tolbert M. Katherine , Gould Emily N.
Published: November 2024

Background

Esomeprazole use is increasing in dogs, but the gastrointestinal adverse events associated with q12h dosing necessitate pharmacodynamic evaluation of a reduced dose and frequency of administration.

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of 2 doses of (q24h) esomeprazole in raising intragastric pH in dogs.

Animals

Nine healthy, client‐owned dogs, >20 kg.

Methods

Prospective, randomized, double blinded, crossover study. Esomeprazole (0.5 or 1 mg/kg q24h) was orally administered for up to 5 days per treatment arm, and the mean percentage time intragastric pH was ≥3 (MPT3) and ≥4 (MPT4) for 24 hours periods were compared to pretreatment pH using a continuous pH monitoring system. Dogs failing to reach pH goals (MPT3 ≥75%, MPT4 ≥66%) with once daily dosing received esomeprazole 1 mg/kg PO q12h to determine if a higher dose would improve acid suppression.

Results

No significant difference in the MPT3 or MPT4 was identified between treatments for any time point (P > .05). Both doses increased the MPT pH ≥3 and 4 median [range] (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg) on days 1 (MPT3: 76.8% [44‐100], 69.2% [28.2‐100]; MPT4: 65.6% [16.7‐99.3], 54.9% [14.9‐93.3]; P = .0009) and 2 (MPT3:77.2% [27.4‐100], 75.4% [49.4‐89.5]; MPT4: 66.3% [15.5‐100], 59.7% [33.8‐81.2]; P = .0005) of PPI treatment compared to pretreatment (MPT3: 58.3% [0.02‐93.9], 52.6% [6.1‐94.7]; MPT4: 25.2% [0‐86.8], 32.4% [1.8‐89.3]). Six dogs (66%, [0.36, 0.97]) reached pH goals established in humans with q24h dosing.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Both q24h PO esomeprazole doses were effective in raising intragastric pH, despite high intersubject variability, but 33% of dogs required q12h dosing to reach pH goals.
Leptospira Leptolysin Contributes to Serum Resistance but Is Not Essential for Acute Infection
Authors: dos Santos Courrol Daniella , Santos Cassia Moreira , Chura‐Chambi Rosa Maria , Morganti Lígia , Avelar Kátia Eliane Santos , de Moraes Maia Fernanda , Rodrigues‐da‐Silva Rodrigo Nunes , Wunder Elsio Augusto , Barbosa Angela Silva
Published: November 2024

Previous in vitro works focusing on virulence determinants of the spirochete Leptospira implicated metalloproteinases as putative contributing factors to the pathogenicity of these bacteria. Those proteins have the capacity to degrade extracellular matrix components (ECM) and proteins of host's innate immunity, notably effectors of the complement system. In this study, we gained further knowledge on the role of leptolysin, one of the leptospiral‐secreted metalloproteinases, previously described as having a broad substrate specificity. We demonstrated that a proportion of human patients with mild leptospirosis evaluated in the current study produced antibodies that recognize leptolysin, thus indicating that the protease is expressed during host infection. Using recombinant protein and a knockout mutant strain, Manilae leptolysin−, we determined that leptolysin contributes to Leptospira interrogans serum resistance in vitro, likely by proteolysis of complement molecules of the alternative, the classical, the lectin, and the terminal pathways. Furthermore, in a hamster model of infection, the mutant strain retained virulence; however, infected animals had lower bacterial loads in their kidneys. Further studies are necessary to better understand the role and potential redundancy of metalloproteinases on the pathogenicity of this important neglected disease.
Prevalence of functional diarrhea in children and adolescents
Authors: Velasco‐Benitez Carlos , Velasco Daniela , Balda Amber , Arrizabalo Samantha , Saps Miguel
Published: November 2024

Background

Functional diarrhea (FDr) is a common disorder in toddlers and adults. In children, the Rome criteria define FDr as a disorder of children younger than 5 years old exclusively. However, in clinical practice, school‐aged children and adolescents sometimes consult for symptoms that mimic the diagnosis of FDr. We conducted a study aimed at assessing the prevalence of FDr in school‐aged children and adolescents.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in children aged 8–18 years from two schools in Colombia. Children completed self‐report validated questionnaires to diagnose disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) per Rome IV (QPGS‐IV) for their age group and the questions related to FDr from the Rome IV questionnaire for infants and toddlers.

Key Results

After excluding children with organic diseases and IBS‐D, 981 participants were included (female 53.8%, White 24.7%, Indigenous 10.9%, mixed race 52.6%). Of the 981 participants, 325 (33.1%) had a DGBI. Of these, 17 children (5.2%) were diagnosed with FDr (3 participants 8–12 years; 14 participants 13–18 years). FDr was more prevalent among White children compared to non‐White children (mixed race, Black, and Indigenous) (p = 0.01).

Conclusion & Inferences

Despite the absence of FDr in the Rome IV criteria for children and adolescents, 1.7% of children aged 8–18 years likely have FDr. This study suggests that FDr does occur in children and adolescents. If confirmed in future studies, the diagnosis of FDr should be considered for inclusion in future editions of the Rome criteria for children of all ages.
Long‐term, automated stool monitoring using a novel smart toilet: A feasibility study
Authors: Zhou Jin , Luo Yuying , Darcy Julia W. , Lafata Kyle J. , Ruiz Jose R. , Grego Sonia
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients' report of bowel movement consistency is unreliable. We demonstrate the feasibility of long‐term automated stool image data collection using a novel Smart Toilet and evaluate a deterministic computer‐vision analytic approach to assess stool form according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS).

Methods

Our smart toilet integrates a conventional toilet bowl with an engineered portal to image feces in a predetermined region of the plumbing post‐flush. The smart toilet was installed in a workplace bathroom and used by six healthy volunteers. Images were annotated by three experts. A computer vision method based on deep learning segmentation and mathematically defined hand‐crafted features was developed to quantify morphological attributes of stool from images.

Key Results

474 bowel movements images were recorded in total from six subjects over a mean period of 10 months. 3% of images were rated abnormal with stool consistency BSFS 2 and 4% were BSFS 6. Our image analysis algorithm leverages interpretable morphological features and achieves classification of abnormal stool form with 94% accuracy, 81% sensitivity and 95% specificity.

Conclusions

Our study supports the feasibility and accuracy of long‐term, non‐invasive automated stool form monitoring with the novel smart toilet system which can eliminate the patient burden of tracking bowel forms.
Women in “old boys” networks? Social class and gender gaps in individual social capital in Spain
Authors: Pena‐López Atilano , Rungo Paolo , Cobo‐Arroyo Paula
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study investigates the intersection of gender and social class in determining individual access to social capital in Spain. Specifically, the study aims to examine how gender and class homophily influence the formation and composition of personal networks.

Methods

The study employs a quantitative approach, using survey data from a representative sample of the Spanish population. It analyzes the relationship between gender, social class, network size, and composition, leveraging a neocapital framework and considering the expected returns on social capital investments.

Results

The findings reveal a significant gender gap in social capital, particularly among the upper classes. Women, especially those from working‐class origins, have limited access to upper‐class networks compared to men with similar mobility experiences. These results highlight the reinforcing effects of class and gender homophily on social capital inequalities.

Conclusions

The study concludes that gender and class intersect to shape individuals' access to social capital in Spain. Homophily plays a crucial role in reinforcing privilege and limiting opportunities for women, particularly in the upper social strata. These findings underscore the need for policies and interventions to address gender discrimination and promote greater inclusivity in social networks.
Exposure of cryopreserved red cell concentrates to real‐world transient warming events has a negligible impact on quality
Authors: Kurach Jayme , Brandon‐Coatham Mackenzie , Olafson Carly , Turner Tracey R. , Phan Celina , Yazdanbakhsh Mahsa , Osmani Rafay , Ehsani‐Moghaddam Behrouz , Clarke Gwen , Acker Jason P.
Published: November 2024

Background

Red cell concentrates (RCCs) may be cryopreserved at Canadian Blood Services (CBS) for up to 10 years; however, inadvertent warming of these units over the prescribed storage temperature (≤ −65°C) may occur. These units may be discarded from inventory to avoid potential adverse transfusion outcomes. This study aimed to assess the quality of RCCs that experienced unintentional transient warming events (TWEs) related to freezer failures.

Study Design

Thirty cryopreserved RCCs with known TWEs were selected for this study and classified into three different experimental groups (Event 1 (n = 5) TWE > −65°C for 34 min; Event 2 (n = 23) TWE > −65°C for 48 h; and both Event 1 and Event 2 (n = 2) TWE > −65°C for 34 min and 48 h). Ten additional RCCs with no known TWEs, cryopreserved over the same period, were selected as controls. Thawed RCCs were deglycerolized using the Haemonetics ACP 215, and in vitro quality was assessed throughout hypothermic storage.

Results

RCCs from the control and all three experimental groups met the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) guidelines for hematocrit, total hemoglobin, and hemolysis at expiry. RCCs experiencing a singular TWE had similar in vitro quality to control RCCs.

Discussion

This study's findings revealed that single exposures to specific documented TWEs did not significantly impact the quality of RCCs post‐deglycerolization. While units should still be assessed on a case‐by‐case basis upon TWE, our work provides the first‐ever evidence that supports a broader policy of unit retention by blood centers.
Impact of the Community Radio on Local Development in Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan S M Mehedi , Adnan Hamedi Mohd
Published: November 2024

Community radio serves as a platform for rural, marginalized, and hard-to-reach populations to express and exchange views, ideas, and concerns with the wider community. Its increasing popularity in recent years has provided both policymakers and grassroots individuals with an avenue to engage in the development process of their communities. In Bangladesh, community radio stations now broadcast 170 hours of daily programs, with the majority aimed at addressing local development goals in rural areas. These programs motivate people, bridge gaps, and collaborate on agendas such as poverty reduction, reducing inequalities, promoting education, good health, clean water, and sanitation. Additionally, community radio has provided a platform for the poor and marginalized communities to raise their voices and become the voice for the voiceless. This study, conducted using participatory theory, aims to underscore the significance and impact of community radio on the development of marginalized community at Chapai Nawabganj, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The findings indicate that community radio plays a crucial role in local development, providing essential information and bridging the gap between ordinary people and local government in rural areas. The current research was carried out in Chapai Nawabganj, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, with the support of the local community radio station, Radio Mahananda 98.8 FM. The study found that involvement in and awareness of Radio Mahananda programs significantly influenced local development.
Evaluating Drying Behavior and Efficiency in Varied Shaped Samples Using Solar Drying: A Morphological and Kinetic Study
Authors: Kushwah Anand , Kumar Anil
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the drying behavior, kinetics, morphology, efficiency, and heat and mass transfer phenomena of three differently shaped samples. A refined model was used to validate experimental results. The maximum recorded solar irradiance and ambient air temperature were 775 W/m2 and 40.5 °C, respectively, at 02:00 p.m. At this peak time, crop surface temperatures were 55.2 °C, 63.2 °C, and 70.1 °C for samples I–III, respectively, due to higher solar irradiance. The maximum drying rate for sample I was 0.017 g/g db.h at 11:00 a.m., gradually decreasing thereafter. For samples II and III, peak drying rates were 0.012 and 0.017 g/g db.h at 11:00 a.m., respectively. The highest drying efficiency of 26% was achieved in case I, with 24.5% and 22.5% observed in cases II and III. Prakash and Kumar's model, with root mean square errors of 0.0219, 0.01487, and 0.01831, effectively described the thin-layer drying kinetics. The developed drying system demonstrates superior cost-effectiveness, featuring low operating costs and a payback period of 1.25 years, outperforming other market options. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has also been done to examine the surface morphology of the solar-dried food samples and showed brittle walls due to moisture loss, as indicated by SEM testing.
Research on a Space Reactor Scheme for the Lunar Research Station
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Sheng Qiang , Liu Zijing , Wang Ke
Published: November 2024

Closed Cycle Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generation System, combined with Space Nuclear Reactor, has excellent characteristics of high efficiency and low specific mass, which is a promising choice for lunar research station and deep space exploration. In this paper, potential applicable core solutions initially proposed by NASA in the Prometheus Project are compared, and a core scheme with the open lattice structure used in the system is evaluated. This paper also explains the design concept, material selection considerations, and fine structure of the proposed core scheme composed of 217 fuel rods in a triangular arrangement. On this basis, the analysis of reactor thermal characteristics is carried out. Taking into consideration the gap structure, the fuel rod power distribution and the in-reactor radiation, the three-dimensional fine modeling of the reactor core is established. Ansys Fluent is used to conduct the sensitivity analysis of geometric parameters on the aperture of the axial reflection layer. Calculation results show that the impact of small differences in the aperture of the reflection layer is basically limited to the reflection layer area. The small changes in aperture have little effects on the flow and heat transfer inside the reactor. This work demonstrates the rationality of this scheme for use in lunar research stations, and also contributes to further study of reactor core design optimization.
Modeling and Analysis of VENUS-2 MOX Core Experiment Based on OpenMC Monte Carlo Code
Authors: Zhao Zelong
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the VENUS-2 MOX core experiment benchmark is investigated by the OpenMC Monte Carlo code. Results of OpenMC are compared with other code values as well as the experimental values. The core effective multiplication factor, the axial fission rate distributions of the fuel pins are basically consistent with experiment values. Furthermore, the VENUS-2 MOX core dosimetry experiment based on the response of different target nuclei detectors is also computed and analyzed. Different reactor dosimetry cross sections libraries are used including the IRDFF-II, IRDF-2002, ENDF/B-VI.8, IRDF-90V2 etc. The computed values of the equivalent fission fluxes are in agreement with the experimental values at most of the measurement positions, and some local results are even better than other procedures such as Al27(n, a) detector. Therefore, the OpenMC Monte Carlo code can provide good prediction accuracy for the measured values of the VENUS-2 MOX core experiment.
Criticality and Burnup Analysis of Accident-Tolerant Fuels in High-Temperature Test Reactor
Authors: Chen Yan-Xin , Wu Shin-Rong , Chao Der-Sheng , Hong Jhao-Yang , Liang Jenq-Horng
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing accident-tolerant fuels (ATFs) in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). Endeavors to reinforce risk management in nuclear safety have led to an increased emphasis on investigating ATFs. These specialized fuels are engineered to endure higher operational temperatures than conventional fuel rods, thereby offering superior thermal stability during accidents. In this study, all the computation was performed by using the MCNP6.2 computer code in conjunction with ENDF/B-VII continuous energy library. Five distinct fuel configurations were investigated: the original UO2 tri-isotropic (TRISO) particle design, UC and UN fuels with TRISO particle design; UC fuel with titanium nitride (TiN) coating, and UN fuel with zirconium carbide (ZrC) coating. The effective multiplication factor (keff) and the burnup performance during 660 equivalent full power days (EFPD) was computed to prove the advantage of utilizing higher uranium density ATFs, with the potential to enhance fuel cycle economy. Additionally, the neutron flux, moderator-to-fuel ratio and temperature coefficient was presented and analyzed in this paper.
Study on Development Pathways of Nuclear Energy for Energy System in China Using Message Model
Authors: Mei Luhan , Chen Xiaotong , Zhang Huang
Published: November 2024

Global climate change is a challenge to human society, and major countries around the world are taking a carbon-neutral pathway. China introduced the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in 2020, highlighting the criticality of reducing carbon emissions. Nuclear power emerges as an essential option for a stable electricity supply with extremely low carbon emissions. This work conducts research on the development pathway of nuclear energy based on the MESSAGE model. Taking Jiangsu province in China as an example to elaborate on the scale, and path of China’s nuclear energy development from the present to 2060.

The model simplifies the representation of coal-fired power, nuclear power, and renewable sources in Jiangsu Province’s electricity system, considering constraints such as demand, generation capacity, regional characteristics for nuclear plant site selection, and carbon neutrality goals. The objective is to minimize costs while meeting electricity demand and other constraints to provide a comprehensive depiction of the nuclear energy landscape. The computational solution yields future activity levels, capacities, and additional capacities for different technologies.

The research results indicate that the future development trajectory of nuclear energy will vary significantly under different scenarios. Against the backdrop of dual carbon goals, nuclear energy is poised to become a crucial component of the future energy system, holding a stable share of the electricity system. Coal-fired power will gradually phase out its dominant position, giving way to new energy plants as a primary component of the future energy system.

This work proposes a quantitative tool that uses an optimization model to analyze the dynamic competition of nuclear energy technology. Through the analysis of model results, scientific planning for future nuclear energy development can be conducted, providing theoretical support for policy formulation and the planning of nuclear energy development paths.
Assessment of the Force-Balance Model in Predicting the Bubble Departure Diameter in Inclined Channels
Authors: He Wen , Han Jinyu , Zhao Chenru , Bo Hanliang
Published: November 2024

The flow boiling is widely encountered in various fields, ranging from the chemical and process industries to boiling water reactors and steam power plants etc. In order to gain a better understanding of this boiling process, one of the bubble dynamic parameters, the bubble departure diameter is studied in this paper. Firstly, the forces acting on a nucleation bubble were analyzed based on the force balance model, including the surface tension force, unsteady drag force, shear lift force, buoyancy force, hydrodynamic pressure force, quasi-steady drag force and contact pressure force. Then, a large number of experimental data for bubble departure diameter in flow boiling conditions under a wide range of orientation angle, mass flux, heat flux, and pressure were collected to quantify the predicting accuracy of existing force balance models. Considering that the influence of forces acting on a vapor bubbles would change with the channel inclination, these experimental data were divided into three parts based on the channel inclination. The verification results are of great importance for accurately determining the bubble departure diameter as well as analyzing the heat transfer process under various channel inclination angels.
Study on Friction and Wear Performance of Flow-Blocking Packing for High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor
Authors: Wang Dexin , Min Qi , Ma Yuanyuan , Shi Li , Li Xiaowei , Zhang Zhengming , Sun Libin
Published: November 2024

To mitigate the bypass helium flow within the core structure of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and enhance the efficiency and power output, this study explores the use of braided packing as flow-blocking components in the core support structure. Structural design and optimization were carried out, considering various technical factors associated with the application of braided packing as fillers in the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor core support structure.

Four distinct models of braided packing were compared for their friction and wear performance under diverse environmental conditions, including high temperatures and a helium atmosphere. Possible friction and wear mechanisms, along with influencing factors, were investigated. Through the evaluation of data such as loss in mass after wear, coefficient of friction, and post-wear surface morphology, preliminary conclusions suggest that braided packing may meet the operational requirements for a 60-year lifespan of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor.

The test results indicate that the selected braided packing exhibits favorable friction and wear performance in the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor core environment. The loss in mass after wear, under frictional distances equivalent to a 60-year lifespan of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, is deemed acceptable. Furthermore, friction and wear performance testing was conducted on braided packing subjected to 450°C thermal aging for 2000 hours. The experimental outcomes reveal that the braided packing, after undergoing 450°C thermal aging for 2000 hours, still demonstrates satisfactory performance. Based on the aforementioned research findings, it can be concluded that disk materials, when employed as flow-restricting components, do not experience functional failure due to friction and wear mechanisms in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor.
Research and Application of Projection-Based Augmented Reality (PAR) System in Fusion Tokamak Assembly
Authors: Dong Cuicai , Xu Hanjie , Han Wei
Published: November 2024

Projection-based Augmented Reality (PAR) systems have been applied in various industries. Detailed drawings and markings can be easily projected with laser onto the workpiece surface, providing clear instructions to the assembly operators, which brings benefits in efficiency and quality improvement. In nuclear fusion Tokamak assembly work, millions of attachments for diagnostics, cables, and monitoring systems need to be installed on the surface of the Vacuum Vessel (VV) requiring top-level assembly accuracy. Thus, difficulties have been forecasted in marking and component alignment in traditional assembly methods. This paper focuses on a case study of using the PAR system in VV assembly work which demonstrates the improvement in installation efficiency and quality. It showed that the total alignment tolerance can be controlled within 0.2mm, satisfying the assembly tolerance requirement of 2 mm. Installation performance, such as non-conformities and working man-hours, has been statistically improved compared with the traditional installation method. Over 80% of templating man-hours are eliminated for the contractor, with millions of costs saved. It is concluded that with the help of the PAR system, the fusion Tokamak machine assembly can be more efficiently conducted.
A Policy Driven Vegetative Foodchain Model: Soil-Plant Transfer in Chinese Organic Soil
Authors: Oforiwaa Priscilla , Zhang Xiaole , Su Guofeng
Published: November 2024

Radionuclides can be released into the terrestrial environment from nuclear facilities through particulate matter or gases. The deposition of radionuclides in vegetation and soil is the starting point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and food chain. Two main depositional processes remove pollutants from the atmosphere. Interception is defined as the portion of radionuclides deposited by wet and dry deposition that is initially retained by vegetation. While the retained radionuclides are subsequently weathered into the soil, the initially intercepted fraction is a very significant quantity in any radioecological model. Once deposited on vegetation, radionuclides are lost from plants by wind and rain through leaching or abrasion of the cuticle. The increase in biomass during growth does not result in a loss of radioactive material; however, due to effective dilution, it can lead to a decrease in the radioactive concentration. Transfer describes the systemic transport of radionuclides following foliar uptake by plants. However, for estimating the concentration of radionuclides in food and assessing doses to humans, the systemic transport of radionuclides is a critical issue. This is especially important for plants where only certain parts are used as food or feed, such as cereals and potatoes. Food chain modeling development is a vital part of emergency planning and response in the fields of nuclear industries, chemical industries, petroleum, and fire.

This study reports on the evolution of a novel vegetative model, the estimation of radionuclide concentrations in organic soil, and radionuclide migration through the food chain using compartment model calculations, to review China’s policy on nuclear safety and develop a model to obtain data that will contribute to safety assessment. To validate the accuracy of the model, the simulated concentrations of radionuclides were compared with the results of an existing model ECOSYS-87. The mathematical model for the simulation was developed using Matlab a mathematical programming tool developed by Math Works. The radionuclides considered for the study are Cs-134, 137, Iridium-131, and Strontium 89, 90. The results indicate a higher concentration of tubers and herbs with the least concentration in woody plants such as fruits.
A Study of Safety Importance Screening Criteria in the NPP Risk-Informed Safety Classification Process
Authors: Zhou Jinghua , Deng Wei , Ma Chao , Guo Yiwen
Published: November 2024

Long-term practical operational experience and analysis of nuclear power plants have shown that component classification based on determinism can be optimized. Some safety-related components are not important from a risk perspective, while some non-safety-related components may have a large impact on the safety of the plant. With the development of probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) and the application of risk-informed technology, a risk-informed classification method combined deterministic and probabilistic evaluation has been developed. Risk-informed safety classifications (RISC) process can help nuclear power plants to focus their resources on high safety-significance component, thereby improving plant safety. By relaxing the regulatory requirements for component of low safety-significance, the operating cost can be reduced to a certain extent and the economic benefits of the power plant can be enhanced. The first step of RISC process is risk characterization of SSCs, using the sum of Fussell-Vesely (F-V) importance and Risk Achievement Worth (RAW) values as measurement parameters. F-V importance and RAW examine the impact of events on nuclear power plant risk from different perspectives and are commonly used risk importance parameters in risk quantification work. However, in Chinese engineering practice, Risk Spectrum (RS) software is often used to calculate the risk importance of basic events, and by creating component groups, it can directly give the risk importance of component. In this paper, we will analyze the calculation of the component risk importance provided in the RS software, using the PSA models of a generation II reactors and a generation III reactor as example, compare it with the measurement parameters provided by the NEI 00-04. In addition, by collating the risk importance distribution of nuclear power plant component, this paper makes some suggestions for screening metrics, which provide a reference for the subsequent pilot work of risk-informed component categorization in operating power plants.
Structural Design and Analysis of Plate-Type Fuel Assembly of Research Reactor
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jung , Tahk Young-Wook , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: November 2024

Plate-type fuel assembly is widely used in research reactor because of its long-term stable behavior of fuel performance and excellent thermal-mechanical behavior. KJRR (Ki-jang research reactor) fuel assembly adopted plate-type fuel which consists of U-Mo dispersed fuel meat and aluminum matrix. In structural design point of views, fuel structural integrity shall be maintained during the normal operation condition, AOOs (Anticipated operational occurrences) and non-operation conditions, and coolable geometry of fuel assembly shall be maintained during accident such as SSE (safe shutdown earthquake). Structural analyses of KJRR fuel assembly are performed considering the various structural loads expected in the reactor environment. To show that structural damage does not occur due to vibration, a flow-induced vibration test is performed in the simulated reactor loop condition. When the flow velocity is raised to sufficiently high value, fuel plates can be buckled due to unstabilizing hydrodynamic force. The measurement test of critical velocity where the buckling instability begin to occur is performed. This paper presents the structural design criteria of plate-type fuel assembly and summarizes the structural evaluation results.