bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusive Development through Municipal Governance: Issues and Prospects
Authors: Sodhi Inderjeet Singh , Jha Ashish
Published: May 2021

Since decades the debate is going on about development where social, economic, cultural political etc. In recent years, there has been a growing call for “inclusive development” to meet contemporary development needs and challenges. It is argued that although economic growth is necessary, but it is not sufficient on its own in improving the welfare of a population. The time demands for such a development approach which can ensure that benefits of growth are shared equitably across all parts of society, particularly large groups of vulnerable poor populations. In Indian context inclusion and exclusion have multiple dimensions as the country has lot of heterogeneity and diversity in terms of many things it may culture, language, beliefs, geographical location, educational status, caste, religion, creed, races etc. So, it is very common that the level or depth of inclusion and exclusion also differs in larger sense for example a large portion of Indian population living in rural areas and rest living in urban areas and apart from that there are some areas comes under union territories, autonomous council, tribal areas etc. Keeping in view, of this dynamics, each area people has different needs and concerns and their visualization and expectation of inclusion and exclusion also differs. Therefore, each area has different system of governance structure at local level as it has very important role to cater the needs and concerns of people. In this context, the research study explores the role and efficacy of municipal governments in ensuring inclusive development. The paper also highlights the major issues in the process and put forward suggestions.
Spinoza’s Infinite Shortcut to the Contingent Appearance of Things
Authors: Särman Sanja
Published: May 2021

Spinoza’s own words seem to commit him to necessitarianism. Nonetheless attempts have been made to make room for contingency in Spinozism. Two impressive arguments of this kind are Curley 1969 and Newlands 2010. Both these arguments appeal to Spinoza’s claim that all finite things are locked in an infinite nexus of causal relations (1p28). The question central to this paper is whether contingency can indeed be derived from an infinity of causal ancestors. The goal of the paper is twofold. First, I aim to present an alternative reading of the relation between infinity and Spinoza’s concept of contingency. On my reading, while the infinity of the causal ancestry of finite things does not ground any objective metaphysical contingency on their part, it is a condition which must obtain if they are to appear as contingent. Second, I aim to challenge the derivations of contingency from infinity mentioned above. I will do so by targeting Curley’s assumption that propositions rather than things are the main bearers of modality. On Newlands’ interpretation, the conceivability of things as either contingent or necessary makes the world more perfect than it would otherwise have been. By drawing upon Spinoza’s analysis of “negative” properties (such as evil), I question whether beliefs about contingency contribute to the perfection of the world in virtue of truly attributing the property of objective contingency to things.
The assessment of circulating cell-free DNA as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative ssays
Authors: Guo Qingfeng , Hua Yuming
Published: May 2021

Objectives

This updated meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in breast cancer (BC).

Content

An extensive systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct databases to retrieve all related literature. Various diagnostic estimates, including sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), likelihood ratios (LRs), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve, were also calculated using bivariate linear mixed models.

In this meta-analysis, 57 unique articles (130 assays) on 4246 BC patients and 2,952 controls, were enrolled. For quantitative approaches, pooled SE, SP, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were obtained as 0.80, 0.88, 6.7, 0.23, 29, and 0.91, respectively. Moreover, for qualitative approaches, pooled SE and SP for diagnostic performance were obtained as 0.36 and 0.98, respectively. In addition, PLR was 14.9 and NLR was 0.66. As well, the combined DOR was 23, and the AUC was 0.79.

Outlook

Regardless of promising SE and SP, analysis of LRs suggested that quantitative assays are not robust enough neither for BC confirmation nor for its exclusion. On the other hand, qualitative assays showed satisfying performance only for confirming the diagnosis of BC, but not for its exclusion. Furthermore, qualitative cfDNA assays showed a better diagnostic performance in patients at the advanced stage of cancer, which represented no remarkable clinical significance as a biomarker for early detection.
Alternations emerge and disappear: the network of dispossession constructions in the history of English
Authors: Zehentner Eva
Published: May 2021

This paper focuses on two main issues regarding syntactic alternations and their development over time. On the one hand, it discusses the diachronic implications of alternations as involving multiple (rather than binary) choices. On the other hand, it shows that while studies are typically interested in the emergence of alternation relationships, there are also cases of diachronic loss of such. This is illustrated by zooming in on the history of a particular set of ditransitive verbs, viz. dispossession verbs such as steal or rob, and their connection to the well-known English dative alternation. Based on a quantitative analysis of different dispossession-constructions in corpora of Middle, Early Modern and Late Modern English, I demonstrate that the network of dispossession constructions has changed considerably over time — from a complex interaction between three overlapping patterns to a clear differentiation of two non-alternating constructions.
𝑯(curl
2)-Conforming Spectral Element Method for Quad-Curl Problems
Authors: Wang Lixiu , Li Huiyuan , Zhang Zhimin
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose an

H
⁢

(

curl
2

)

\boldsymbol{H}(\mathbf{curl}^{2})

-conforming spectral elements to solve the quad-curl problem on cubic meshes in three dimensions.
Starting with generalized vectorial Jacobi polynomials, we first construct the basis functions of the

H
⁢

(

curl
2

)

\boldsymbol{H}(\mathbf{curl}^{2})

-conforming spectral elements using the contravariant transform together with the affine mapping from the reference cube onto each physical element.
Falling into four categories, interior modes, face modes, edge modes, and vertex modes, these

H
⁢

(

curl
2

)

\boldsymbol{H}(\mathbf{curl}^{2})

-conforming basis functions are constructed in an arbitrarily high degree with a hierarchical structure.
Next,

H
⁢

(

curl
2

)

\boldsymbol{H}(\mathbf{curl}^{2})

-conforming spectral element approximation schemes are established to solve the boundary value problem as well as the eigenvalue problem of quad-curl equations.
Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the ℎ-version and the 𝑝-version of our

H
⁢

(

curl
2

)

\boldsymbol{H}(\mathbf{curl}^{2})

-conforming spectral element method.
Microstructure and properties of Co–Al porous intermetallics fabricated by thermal explosion reaction
Authors: Kang Xueqin , Qiao Lei , Zhang Haifei , Wang Jianzhong , Feng Peizhong
Published: May 2021

Co–Al porous intermetallics were fabricated by an efficient and energy-saving method of thermal explosion (TE) reactions. The effects of Co/Al molar ratios on the temperature profiles, phase compositions, expansion behaviors, density, pore characteristics, and oxidation resistance were investigated. When the target furnace temperature was set at 700°C, there was an obvious exothermic peak in the temperature profiles. The ignition temperatures were in the range of 600–645°C, and the combustion temperatures were in the range of 984–1,421°C. Co–Al porous intermetallics had the open porosity of 27–43%, and the pores were from nonfully dense green compacts and explosion behaviors of TE. The specimen with Co:Al = 2:9 possessed a higher open porosity of 42.8%, the lowest density of 1.86 g cm−3, and the largest volume expansion of 76.7%. The porous specimens with Co:Al = 1:1 possessed the highest open porosity of 43.2%, the lowest volume expansion of 12.3%, and the highest density of 3.42 g cm−3. All Co–Al porous intermetallics showed excellent oxidation resistance at 650°C in air, especially the specimen with Co:Al = 1:1 had the highest oxidation resistance.
L2 use of pragmatic markers in peer talk: Mandarin utterance-final particles
Authors: Diao Wenhao , Chen Chen
Published: May 2021

This mixed-methods study investigates how Mandarin L1 and L2 speakers use final-utterance particles to negotiate difference and affect. Utilizing a corpus consisting of spontaneous conversations between American study abroad students and their Chinese peers in shared dorm rooms, the focus here is a set of utterance-final pragmatic particles that are multifunctional in Mandarin spoken discourse. This study combines a corpus-based approach with qualitative discourse analysis to reveal differences between L1 and L2 speakers in terms of frequency and pragmatic functions in the discourse context. The findings show that utterance-final pragmatic particles were among the most silent lexical differences between L1 and L2 speakers. Significant differences between the two groups are found in the use of every particle. Qualitative results reveal how L1 speakers use the particles to negotiate intercultural differences and manage interpersonal relationship, while L2 learners’ use of them was limited in terms of variety and function.
What is the Place of My Rest? Being Migrant People(s) of the God of All the Earth
Authors: Hays Christopher M.
Published: May 2021

This article provides a theological reading of Acts 6–7, combining biblical and social-scientific insights to support constructive Christian engagement with the phenomena of twenty-first century migration. It responds broadly to US-American migratory phenomena, while drawing on insights from the Bible, migration studies, and the author’s own work with Colombian victims of forced migration. The article begins with an exegetical examination of the dispute between Hebrews and Hellenists in Acts 6 and Stephen’s speech in Acts 7, arguing that migratory issues underlie both the conflicts in these texts and the theological arguments Stephen adduces in his own defense. These biblical-theological reflections are then supplemented with an introduction to two social-scientific concepts that have been influential in migration studies, specifically, the notions of identity hybridity and migrant integration (as opposed to assimilation). The article demonstrates how the book of Acts reflects the benefits of healthy forms of identity hybridity and migrant integration and commends similar approaches for contemporary migrants and Christian communities in the Americas (both the United States and Colombia).
Contenido de compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de variedades de frijol sembradas en el estado de Zacatecas
Authors: Aguayo Rojas Jesús , Rochín-Medina Jesús Jaime , Mora-Rochín Saraid , Navarro-Cortez Ricardo Omar , Tovar-Jimenez Xochitl , Quiñones-Reyes Guillermo , Ayala-Luján Jorge Luis
Published: May 2021

Se evaluaron nueve variedades de frijol originarias de Zacatecas, principal productor de esta leguminosa en México. Se determinaron los compuestos fenólicos como antocianinas, flavonoides, taninos condensados y fenólicos totales, así como su capacidad antioxidante por el método de DPPH. El contenido de antocianinas, flavonoides y taninos varió de 0.22 mg a 3.45 mg equivalentes de cianidina-3-glucosido (EC3G)/100 g, 16 mg a 103 mg equivalentes de catequina (EC)/100 g y 474 mg a 587 mg equivalentes de catequina (EC)/100 g, respectivamente. Por otra parte, la concentración de fenólicos totales varió de 67 mg a 204 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico (EAG)/100 g. La mayor cantidad de fenólicos totales (64% a 93%) y flavonoides totales (55% a 81%) se encontraron en su fracción ligada. Los niveles de capacidad antioxidante fueron de 243 μmol a 1282 μmol equivalentes de trolox (ET)/100 g. Las variedades Flor de Junio y Negro San Luis presentaron los mayores contenidos de fenólicos totales, flavonoides y capacidad antioxidante.
Repensar la comunicación política en el contexto digital. Ciberdemocracia ¿democracia deliberativa?
Authors: Gil Ramírez Marta , Gómez de Travesedo Rojas Ruth
Published: May 2021

Este artículo propone, a partir de una amplia revisión bibliográfica, reflexionar sobre el concepto de Comunicación Política y sobre la incidencia que, en el rol de los tres actores que en ella intervienen —políticos, medios de comunicación y ciudadanía—, ha tenido el entorno digital. A través de un repaso por la evolución del concepto posicionamos la comunicación política en una cuarta fase caracterizada por el desapego y descrédito hacia las instancias políticas y mediáticas, la desmasificación, la diversificación mediática, la desintermediación y la emancipación de la ciudadanía digital. El fenómeno de la comunicación política se aborda desde su vinculación a los conceptos clásicos de Espacio Público y Opinión Pública que se extrapolan al contexto de la ciberdemocracia para cuestionar si los procesos de interacción que en ella se desarrollan conducen haciaun modelo de democracia deliberativa. En respuesta a ello, este estudio evidencia la necesidad de mayores niveles de intercambio y consenso, especialmente entre las esferas política y ciudadana, en relación a los mensajes, símbolos y opiniones que, a través de la comunicación política, construyen la Opinión Pública digital. La posibilidad de una democracia deliberativa se vislumbra lejana. La confrontación discursiva propia de la comunicación política tradicional se traslada al entorno online, con la única salvedad de que, ahora y de momento, está más equiparada entre los tres elementos que en ella intervienen.
Zebrafish as a Translational Model: An Experimental Alternative to Study the Mechanisms Involved in Anosmia and Possible Neurodegenerative Aspects of COVID-19?
Authors: Costa Karla C. M. , Brigante Tamires A. V. , Fernandes Gabriel G. , Scomparin Davi S. , Scarante Franciele F. , de Oliveira Danielle P. , Campos Alline C.
Published: May 2021

The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) presents a variability of clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to severe respiratory and systemic conditions. In a cohort of patients, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), beyond the classical respiratory manifestations, induces anosmia. Evidence has suggested SARS-CoV-2-induced anosmia can be the result of neurodegeneration of the olfactory pathway. Neurologic symptoms associated with COVID-19 have been reported; however, the precise mechanism and possible long-lasting effects remain poorly investigated. Preclinical models are valuable tools for describing and testing new possible treatments for neurologic disorders. In this way, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) organism model represents an attractive tool in the field of neuroscience, showing economic and logistic advantages besides genetic and physiologic similarities with mammalian, including the brain structure and functions. Besides, its external embryonic development, high availability of eggs, and fast development allows easy genetic manipulation and fast replications. In the present review, we suggest that the zebrafish model can be advantageous to investigate the neurologic features of COVID-19.
The phenotypic spectrum associated with OTX2 mutations in humans
Authors: Gregory Louise C , Gergics Peter , Nakaguma Marilena , Bando Hironori , Patti Giuseppa , McCabe Mark J , Fang Qing , Ma Qianyi , Ozel Ayse Bilge , Li Jun Z , Poina Michele Moreira , Jorge Alexander A L , Benedetti Anna F Figueredo , Lerario Antonio M , Arnhold Ivo J P , Mendonca Berenice B , Maghnie Mohamad , Camper Sally A , Carvalho Luciani R S , Dattani Mehul T
Published: May 2021

Objective

The transcription factor OTX2is implicated in ocular, craniofacial, and pituitary development.

Design

We aimed to establish the contribution of OTX2 mutations in congenital hypopituitarism patients with/without eye abnormalities, study functional consequences, and establish OTX2 expression in the human brain, with a view to investigate the mechanism of action.

Methods

We screened patients from the UK (n = 103), international centres (n = 24), and Brazil (n = 282); 145 were within the septo-optic dysplasia spectrum, and 264 had no eye phenotype. Transactivation ability of OTX2 variants was analysed in murine hypothalamic GT1-7 neurons. In situ hybridization was performed on human embryonic brain sections. Genetically engineered mice were generated with a series of C-terminal OTX2 variants.

Results

Two chromosomal deletions and six haploinsufficient mutations were identified in individuals with eye abnormalities; an affected relative of one patient harboured the same mutation without an ocular phenotype. OTX2 truncations led to significant transactivation reduction. A missense variant was identified in another patient without eye abnormalities; however, studies revealed it was most likely not causative. In the mouse, truncations proximal to aa219 caused anophthalmia, while distal truncations and the missense variant were tolerated. During human embryogenesis, OTX2 was expressed in the posterior pituitary, retina, ear, thalamus, choroid plexus, and partially in the hypothalamus, but not in the anterior pituitary.

Conclusions

OTX2 mutations are rarely associated with hypopituitarism in isolation without eye abnormalities, and may be variably penetrant, even within the same pedigree. Our data suggest that the endocrine phenotypes in patients with OTX2 mutations are of hypothalamic origin.
“Under the Lebanese flag”: National Unity in the Movement of October 17th
Authors: Rakickaja Marija
Published: May 2021

This article aims to understand how national unity is being constructed in the context of the protest movement, started on October 17th, 2019 in Lebanon, what it is grounded on and what is the role of the elite in the process. The study is based on an ethnographic research conducted in Beirut between October 17th and December 19th, 2019, and analyzes the movement of October 17th as an instance of nation-building from below.

It became clear that a unity across different communities has emerged from below and reached “tipping point” coinciding with the movement of October 17th, which provided new spaces for people to engage in “viral peer-to-peer networking” creating a “feedback loop” reinforcing the unity based on shared grievances and idea of a civil state. It is argued that elite is not necessary for a national sentiment to emerge. Its durability is though assumed to be related to efficacy and thus possibly impacted by leadership.
The level of adaptability of perspective samples of soft and durum spring wheat in Ukrainian forest-steppe
Authors: Chuprina Yu.Yu. , Klymenko I.V. , Havva D.V.
Published: May 2021

In the Eastern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, which is characterized by a sharp change in weather conditions during the growing season of agricultural crops, it is very important to grow hybrids that are most adapted to frequent weather anomalies during the growing season. This can significantly reduce their negative impact on the productivity of spring wheat. The results of a study of 20 samples (soft spring wheat Triticum aestivum L.) and (durum spring wheat Triticum durum) of different ecological and geographical origin for adaptability when changing environmental conditions (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Sweden) are presented. Adaptability indicators were determined by the following characteristics: mass of one spike, mass of grain from one spike, number of grains from one spike, mass of 1000 seeds, mass of grain from 1 m2. Samples that have high plasticity and stability by these characteristics have been identified. As a result of the conducted studies, the dependence between the main signs of productivity were established: the number of grains from one spike, the mass of grains from one spike, the mass of 1000 seeds, the mass of one spike, the mass of seeds from 1 m2 of Triticum aestium and Triticum durum samples. We have considered the adaptability of selection characteristics of samples by years with different environmental conditions: air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation amount, and hydrothermal coefficient.
Assessment of Herbaceous Flora of Lower Tanawal, Pakistan
Authors: Bibia A. , Iqbal Z. , Shah Gh.M.
Published: May 2021

The present work has been carried out to collect information about herbaceous flora of Lower Tanawal District Abbottabad, KP, and Pakistan. Herbaceous species are vital constituents of ecosystems. Floristic studies have increasing importance in recent years to evaluate the plant wealth. During the present research study there are total 187 plant species (herbs) belonging to 60 families and 146 genera were recorded from the study area. Out of 60 families Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 22 species and 18 genera and other main contributing families were Lamiaceae (16 species and 12 genera), Poaceae, (14 species and 12 genera), Fabaceae (12 species and 7 genera), Brassicaceae (7 species and 7 genera) and Rubiaceae (6 species and 2 genera). The most dominant life from was wild.
Endemic and relic species plants of Badakhshsan (Pamirs) and new approach to their conservation
Authors: Olonova M. , Gudkova P. , Navruzshoev D.
Published: May 2021

Badakhshan, situated in Pamir is one of Eurasia’s biodiversity hotspots. Research shows that Badakhshan has 95 narrowly endemic species that are not found in other areas of Tajikistan and Afghanistan. Of these, 50 species grow only in the Tajik part, 36 species - only in the Afghan part, and 9 are found in both parts of Badakhshan. There are 52 preglacial relicts restricted to the Tajik part and 24 – to the Afghan part as well. We proposed to add 39 of the relict species in the Tajik part to the Red Data Book of Republic of Tajikistan and all 24 relict species in the Afghan part to add to the Afghanistan National Red List. The areas of special protected – Important Plant Area (IPA), are the base for supporting natural plant biodiversity. We also suggested to include 75 additional species in the national lists of vulnerable species (73 species in Tajikistan, and 65 species in Afghanistan).
The effect of milk thistle, metiphen, and silimevit on the protein-synthesizing function of the liver of laying hens in experimental chronic cadmium toxicosis
Authors: Bashchenko M.I. , Boiko O.V. , Honchar O.F.
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to investigate the effect of milk thistle, methiphene, and silimevit on the liver's protein-synthesizing function of laying hens in examination chronic cadmium toxicosis. Thirty-two chickens, 78 weeks old, were selected for the study. Four groups were formed: control and three experimental. Birds of the experimental group (E1) with fodder were fed the fruits of milk thistle at a dose of 2.0 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days. Chickens of the experimental group (E2) were fed metifen at a dose of 0.28 g / kg of nutrition once a day for 30 days. Hens of the experimental group (E3) were fed silymevit at a dose of 0.36 g/kg of feed nutrition once a day for 30 days. The results showed that the total protein content and its plasma fractions of birds vary throughout the research in poultry control and experimental groups. Thus, in the blood of laying hens subjected to cadmium loading, a decrease in their blood of total protein and albumin fraction was found. Under the cadmium toxicosis of chickens, milk thistle, metifen, and silimevit positively affect the liver's protein-synthesizing function, as indicated by an increase in the total protein level and albumin. Feeding with milk thistle and silymevit contributed to a better normalizing effect on the liver's protein-synthesizing function than the use of metifen.
Influence of the seasonal and compositional changes on 4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) contamination in cows milk
Authors: Karaulna V.M. , Ezerkovska L.V. , Prymak I.D.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of investigations on the determination of the content of organochlorine pesticides and DDT in the milk samples obtained in some settlements (village Movchanivka, Leninske, Mali Lisivtsi, Velikopolovetskye, and Pustovarivka), Skvirsky district, Kyiv oblast. The analysis of fat and protein content in milk in the winter and summer periods of the year. We registered that in the winter period with an increase of fat content in the milk, the concentration of DDT and its derivatives also increases. The content of organochlorine compounds in cow's milk did not exceed the maximum permissible level. In case of prolonged inflow of pesticide residues with food products into the human organism or feed into the animal organism, toxic substances gradually accumulate in them and have a negative influence on different functional systems of organisms, causing disturbances in their work. Purification from harmful substances is carried out by metabolic conversion of toxicants into more mobile in tissues compounds that can be more easily removed from the body. The process of removal of harmful substances, including metabolites of pesticides from the body warm-blooded with biological fluids and fecal masses is very long, and its intensity is mostly due to the degree of toxic load of xenobiotics on a person or animal. An indicator of the degree and quality of toxic exposure of humans and domestic animals to pesticides that live in a particular agricultural region may be the levels of these pesticides in human and warm-blooded milk. However, the most convenient and affordable indicator of pesticide exposure to organisms may be found in cattle milk, primarily cow milk. The great advantage of this object of toxic load indication is the unlimited possibility of biomaterial selection and deficiency of volumes, necessary for sanitary and hygienic researches because herds of cattle are almost in every farm of different agricultural regions.
Analysis of military landscapes in Lviv Region (Ukraine)
Authors: Mokryy V.I. , Mudrak O.V. , Petrushka I.M.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the military landscapes, and a special role is given to the monuments of the military group of Lviv region. The role and significance of military landscapes in the formation of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine, which reflects the peculiarities of the formation of modern natural conditions of its specific regions, are considered. A chronological table is formed, their classification according to the time of origin, formation and origin of military landscapes of Lviv region.
Cytogenetic characteristics of some Trollius L. species (Ranunculaceae) from Asian Russia
Authors: Mitrenina E.Yu. , Erst A.S. , Kuznetsov A.A.
Published: May 2021

The karyotypes (chromosome sets) of Trollius austrosibiricus, T. kytmanovii, and T. riederianus have been investigated for the first time. The karyotype formula has been obtained as 2n = 2x =16 = 2m + 2m/sm + 12sm for Trollius austrosibiricus and T. riederianus, and 2n = 2x =16 = 4m + 12sm for T. kytmanovii. A comparative analysis of the chromosome sets was conducted for these three species and the previously studied Trollius altaicus, T. asiaticus, T. ledebourii, and T. lilacinus (Hegemone lilacina) for several karyological parameters. The average absolute nuclear DNA content (2?-value) was originally determined for Trollius austrosibiricus, T. kytmanovii, T. ledebourii, and T. riederianus by flow cytometry.
Diversidad de la enseñanza universitaria y de la práctica del diseño en México
Authors: Morales Holguín Arodi , González Bello Edgar Oswaldo
Published: May 2021

La formación universitaria en el diseño demanda el manejo apropiado de métodos para diseñar como proceso de creación, elemento preponderante para la enseñanza y el profesorado. El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar diferencias en el uso de métodos de diseño que se utilizan en la enseñanza y la práctica profesional, según la edad del profesorado. Es un estudio cuantitativo apoyado en el método descriptivo y en la aplicación, en el período 2018-2019, de un cuestionario a 126 personas docentes de México de las áreas de diseño, diferenciadas según su edad. Los resultados revelan una diversidad marcada con la edad: el profesorado de hasta 40 años, quienes posiblemente recibieron una formación envuelta por la tecnología e Internet, conciben el diseño de forma más tradicional, prefiriendo métodos de perfil lineal-secuencial. Desde otro extremo, aquellas personas con edad superior a 40 años, quienes se desarrollaron en un entorno tecnológico con limitantes, evidenciaron perspectivas más amplias y progresistas desde el método sistémico. Esto resultados también mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con respecto a la edad. Se concluye que, en referencia a la enseñanza y a la práctica profesional, el profesorado de menor edad, que probablemente apueste por el dominio tecnológico-digital, se decanta por métodos menos actualizados que privilegian el aspecto técnico; mientras que las personas de mayor edad se aventuran por aquellos de avanzada, de una visión más integral y analítica. Asumir esta situación contribuye a la planificación de estrategias que orienten al mejoramiento de la enseñanza, a la formación en áreas de diseño.
The Toleration of Dual Citizenship: A Global Trend and its Limits
Authors: Bauböck Rainer
Published: May 2021

This chapter summarises the causes of the strong global trend towards the toleration of dual citizenship but then focuses on its possible limits and reasons for resistance by some states. I consider specifically why the two largest states in terms of population – China and India – adhere to a policy of strict non-toleration of multiple citizenship out of security concerns and adversarial ideologies of national sovereignty. I also examine the Eastern European context where policies of regional hegemony (by Russia) and the mobilisation of ethnic kin minorities in the near abroad for buttressing the domestic hegemony of political incumbents (by Hungary) have triggered counter-reactions against dual citizenship in neighbouring states. In so-called Western democracies, security concerns about terrorism have not led to a retreat from dual citizenship but have turned a second citizenship into a potential liability, as the possession of it allows states to denationalise citizens whom they consider to be a threat. Finally, the chapter considers whether demand and supply for dual citizenship might shrink if the hyperglobalisation since the 1990s were partly reversed in response to pandemics and the climate crisis.
Dual Citizenship in Italy: An Ambivalent and Contradictory Issue
Authors: Pallaver Günther , Denicolò Guido
Published: May 2021

The discussion about dual citizenship in Italy was and is determined by a dominant theme. Primarily, this topic is related to questions of migration, in the sense of both emigration and immigration. After the Second World War, the problem of Italians in areas “lost in war” was added to this. Under these conditions, this chapter examines the case of Italy with a focus on the evolution of its citizenship law. Already in the first basic citizenship law of 1912 and although originally against dual citizenship, the young state wanted to maintain links with the large diaspora of Italian emigrants. Including Italians abroad as citizens across several generations was fully compatible with an ethno-cultural conception of national identity. Italy also permits the so-called italiani oriundi – i.e. persons of Italian ancestry living permanently abroad – to regain Italian citizenship if they can prove that none of their direct ancestors has explicitly renounced Italian citizenship. The second group of residents abroad for whom Italy promotes the restoration of citizenship are ethnic Italians in the neighbouring territories of Slovenia and Croatia, lost after World War II. Unlike for the italiani oriundi, these latter groups must establish a certain familiarity with the Italian culture and language. The final category discussed in the chapter are non-Italian immigrants whose numbers have been growing substantially since the 1990s. Although dual citizenship is tolerated in residence-based naturalisations, these are comparatively rare. Initiatives by the centre-left to introduce moderate forms of ius soli or ius culturae (naturalisation based on years of schooling) for the second generation have not thus far been successful.
Non-Toleration of Dual Citizenship in Austria
Authors: Bauböck Rainer , Valchars Gerd
Published: May 2021

This chapter addresses the puzzle of why Austria has resisted the global trend towards the toleration of dual citizenship, even though none of the common explanations for such resistance apply to the Austrian case. We start by examining the history of Austrian citizenship law and the international conventions that Austria has joined. We then present a detailed analysis of those provisions in Austrian law that are relevant for dual citizenship. We find that Austria has accepted dual citizenship in the case of acquisition by birth but still clings to a general prohibition of dual citizenship in both the naturalisation of immigrants and when Austrians voluntarily acquire another citizenship. We suggest that politicised hostility towards dual citizenship for one particular group of immigrants – those from Turkey – seems to have blocked debates about reform. The chapter ends with the sketching of pathways to policy change and a menu of legislative reforms building on principles – already recognised in Austrian citizenship legislation – that could lead to the toleration of dual citizenship.
The View of Expatriate Austrians on Dual Citizenship: The Results of a Worldwide Survey
Authors: Gundl Florian
Published: May 2021

This chapter presents and discusses the results of a worldwide survey on dual citizenship among Austrians living abroad. A total of 2,403 people took part. The questions mainly focused on the respondents’ attitudes towards (dual) citizenship. Most respondents showed a great interest in the subject. However, there are significant differences regarding the host country, the duration of stay in the foreign country and the level of education. Persons living in a Western country, as well as those with higher education, tend to be more in favour of dual citizenship. The longer people stay in a country, the more important the topic becomes to them. However, after a certain time (more than 20 years), the importance decreases again. The respondents evaluate citizenship not only for its symbolic and emotional value but also for its strategic advantages.
Tafsir Indonesia di Rezim Otoritarianisme
Authors: Nursidik Ihsan
Published: May 2021

Authoritarianism is a government-controlled by absolute power in one person. This kind of government has occurred in Indonesia to precisely what is known as the Old Order and the New Order. It is in this regime that the influences to maintain power are massively infiltrated as discourse. Among these infiltrations, the activity of interpreting the Koran was also involved in the effort to dominate the political stage at that time. The interpretation of the Koran is one of the domains for producing regime discourse and movements to criticize it. This research is a literature study using descriptive qualitative research methods. In this research, authoritarianism has become a kind of field of meaning that affects the public sphere at that time. So that the actors involved in it, produce an understanding of the Koran based on the influence of the effects of authoritarianism that accompanied it at that time.
Respon Komunitas Paradise Striver terhadap Dakwah Ustadz Abu Takeru
Authors: Trisna Neng Rita , Rahman Encep Taufik , Saepuloh Uwoh
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to determine the response of attention, understanding, and acceptance of the Paradise Striver Community towards the mission of Abu Takeru. In this research, the method used is descriptive method using quantitative approach. The study used questionnaire as the instrument filled out by respondents who are members of the community. Sampling of 50 respondents was taken by using the Taro Yamane formula. shows that the hypothesis Ha was accepted while Ho was rejected. The variable x has a positive response to the variable y. The results of the calculation of Path Analysis (Coefficient of etermination) produces R2 of 0.612 or 61.2%. This shows a high significance level with the percentage of response contribution of variable x, and variable y at 61.2% meanwhile, the remaining of 38.8% are in fluenced or explained by other variables that are not examined by the researchers.

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon perhatian, pengertian, dan penerimaan Komunitas Paradise Striver terhadap dakwah Abu Takeru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner diisi oleh responden yang bertindak sebagai anggota Komunitas. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 50 responden, diambil menggunakan rumus Taro Yamane. Hasil penelitian respon perhatian, pengertian, dan penerimaan Komunitas Paradise Striver terhadap Dakwah Abu Takeru, menghasilkan hipotesis Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Variabel x memiliki respon positif terhadap variabel y. Perhitungan Analisis Path (Koefisien Determinasi) menghasilkan R2 sebesar 0,612 atau sebesar 61,2%. Hal ini menunjukan tingkat signifikansi yang kuat dengan persentase sumbangan respon variabel x, dan variabel y sebesar 61,2%. Sedangkan sisanya 38,8% dipengaruhi atau dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti.
Yazar Otorite Dizininde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar: Ankara Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: Koç Okan , Atılgan Doğan
Published: May 2021

Otorite dizinleri, kütüphane dermesinin etkin ve doğru bir şekilde kullanıcıyla paylaşılmasını kolaylaştırdığı gibi, ulusal ve uluslararası standartlaşmanın sağlanması konusunda anahtar bir role sahiptir.  Yazar adlarının bilgiye erişimde tarama seçeneği olarak ilk önce tercih ediliyor olması, yazar otorite dizinlerinin gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Yazar otorite dizinleri kütüphane dermesinin kontrolü noktasında bir zorunluluk olarak görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada yazar otorite dizinlerinin gerekliliği, bibliyografik kontrol açısından önemi ve otorite dizini oluşturulurken karşılaşılan sorunlar tartışılmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında örneklem olarak seçilen Ankara Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi kataloğundaki 8980 bilgi kaynağı incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda yazarlara ait farklı isim ve mahlasların belirlenebilmesi için mevcut basılı kaynaklar, veri tabanları ve elektronik kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca VIAF üzerinde yer alan Türk yazarlara ait otorite kayıtları Ankara Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi kayıtları ile karşılaştırılmış, yazar giriş tutarlılıkları ve hataları belirlenmiştir. VIAF ve RDA rehberliğinde bir yazar otorite dizini hazırlanırken hangi kurallar ve ilkelerin dikkate alınması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yazar otorite dizinlerinin nasıl hazırlanacağı ve kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması doğrultusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Bilgi Uzmanlarının Bilgi Teknolojisi Kullanımının Teknoloji Kabul Modeli ile İncelenmesi
Authors: Bayraktar Şeyda , Çetinkaya Bozkurt Özlem
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilgi uzmanlarının bilgi teknolojileri karşısında sergiledikleri tutum ve davranışları nedenleriyle birlikte incelemek, bilgi teknolojilerine karşı gösterilen olumsuz tavrın sebeplerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma bu alanda bilgi teknolojilerinin daha etkin kullanımı hususunda yol haritası çıkarmaktadır. Araştırmanın yürütülmesi için Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren devlet ve vakıf üniversitelerine bağlı kütüphanelerde görevli bilgi uzmanlarına yönelik Teknoloji Kabul Modeli ölçeği ile veriler toplanmış ve 1417 bilgi uzmanından tesadüfi örneklem ile seçilen 300 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Anket tekniği ile toplanan veriler IBM SPSS 25 ve AMOS 24.0.0 programları arayıcılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların niteliklerini belirlemeye yönelik betimleyici istatistiklerin yanı sıra araştırma verilerini ölçmeye yönelik normallik testi, güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi ve araştırma hipotezlerini test etmek için regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda tüm hipotezler desteklenmiş ve modeldeki değişkenler arasında pozitif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
A CBCT Assessment of the Incidence and Location of the Lingual Foramen in the Anterior Mandible
Authors: Surathu Neeraj , Flanagan Dennis , Surathu Nitish , Nittla Preetham Prasad
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to assess the incidence of lingual foramina and associated vasculature in the anterior mandible to improve the understanding of their locations for dental implant placement. Intraoperative bleeding can be a significant complication. Presurgical assessment of the surgical site should be performed to identify anatomical landmarks. This can prevent a potential life-threatening hemorrhage that may compromise the airway. Nutrient canals can occur in the anterior mandible and have been reported to cause significant bleeding if violated. Using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT), this study defines the anatomical locales in the mandible. CBCTs of 70 patients were obtained and examined for the presence of lingual foramina. The distance of lingual foramina to the inferior border of the mandible, bifurcations, and propensity for the midline were assessed. Lingual foramina were found in all of the examined mandibles with variable configurations. CBCT may be important in planning for surgical procedures in the anterior mandible to prevent an unexpected hemorrhage. The present study is limited by its sample size, method of assessment, and confinement to a geographical population. The results will need validation in further studies, which may incorporate multiple assessment techniques and a larger sample size to include greater geographical distribution. Future work may seek to describe emanations of the terminus of the sublingual artery.
A spatial analysis of how growth and inequality affect poverty in Brazil
Authors: Souza Helson Gomes de , Tabosa Francisco José Silva , Araújo Jair Andrade de , Castelar Pablo Urano de Carvalho
Published: May 2021

Abstract This research seeks to analyze the impacts of economic growth and income inequality on Brazilian states’ urban and rural poverty, considering the effects of the initial levels of development and inequality. The elasticities of income and inequality of poverty were calculated through a dynamic spatial panel, using an adaptation of the approach developed by Kalwij and Verschoor (2004), and data from 2004 to 2014. Incorporating the spatial factor allows us to capture the effects of the geographical location on local poverty. The results suggest that a poverty reduction occurs more intensely when associated with reductions in the inequality levels. Income elasticities were greater (in absolute terms) in rural areas, while the inequality elasticities were greater in the urban area estimates. The growing trend of the inequality elasticity and the decreasing trend of the income elasticity suggest a positive trend of economic growth and a negative trend of poverty. Likewise, if the reduction in inequality shows a negative trend, the absolute value of poverty will decrease. Thus, a public policy to combat poverty through economic growth or reducing inequalities applied to the urban or rural environment would obtain more efficient results if applied in the long term.
Fatores determinantes do controle da criminalidade em gestão de políticas de segurança pública
Authors: Figueiredo Sabrina Oliveira de , Sincorá Larissa Alves , Leite Maria Clara de Oliveira , Brandão Marcelo Moll
Published: May 2021

Resumo É alvo central de discussões a temática relacionada à segurança pública no país, especialmente, no tocante aos índices de criminalidade. Este estudo aborda a temática a partir da Teoria Econômica da Escolha Racional e de teorias de base sociológica que buscam explicar as causas do crime. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar fatores determinantes para o controle dos índices de criminalidade a partir de dados do estado do Espírito Santo. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados dados secundários, tendo como referência o modelo teórico proposto. Adotou-se, ainda, como método de teste de hipóteses, o modelo de regressão linear, com o auxílio do software SPSS Statistics, versão 25. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o elemento relativo à empregabilidade da população influencia direta e significativamente o controle dos índices de crimes de homicídios dolosos e de crimes contra o patrimônio. Ademais, conjugado ao emprego (atividades laborais formais), os fatores renda e educação da população demonstraram influenciar positivamente no controle dos crimes contra o patrimônio.
Rapid protocol to evaluate the photoprotective effect of film-forming formulations on mangoes
Authors: Araújo Ana Laressa Feitosa , Britto Douglas de
Published: May 2021

Abstract Sunburn is responsible for significant losses in post-harvest and has motivated studies to diminish its effect on different types of cultivars. Thus, the present study proposes a rapid protocol to evaluate the photoprotective effect of suppressive formulations. The experiment consisted in placing fruits (mango) covered with different suppressor formulations about 7 centimeters from an incandescent source and measuring the surface temperature variation employing a thermometer and thermal camera. The formulations were based on a filmogenic polysaccharide (galactomannan) and reflective additives (hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite and bentonite clays). The best result was achieved with a coating with bentonite as an additive, which showed a statistical difference in temperature (43.3±2.1 °C) compared with the control (52.1±3.0 °C) and the standard kaolinite coating (39.4±1.7 °C). Thus, it was proven the viability of the protocol as well as of the alternative formulations in to reduce the sunburn effect. This contributes to solution for the establishment of the Tropical Agriculture.
Location and Vascular Classification of 188 parathyroid glands in New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: Cao W. , Su Y. , Liu N. , Peng Y. , Diao C. , Cheng R.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The function and protection of the parathyroid glands are increasingly popular research topics. New Zealand white rabbits are the most commonly used animal model of parathyroid ischemia. However, information on the vasculature of their parathyroid glands is limited. We used 94 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, 3-4 months of age and 2-3kg in weight, for exploration of the parathyroid glands, which were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) after removal. The following types were classified according to the relationship between the position of the inferior parathyroid gland and the thyroid: Type A, Close Type, Type B, and Distant Type. There were 188 cases, 4 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located near the dorsal side of thyroid (2.13%), 8 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located superior to the upper pole of the thyroid (4.26%), 20 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located parallel to the thyroid (10.64%), and 155 cases where the inferior parathyroid glands were located inferior to the lower pole of thyroid (82.45%). Identifying the location and classifying the vasculature of the parathyroid glands in New Zealand white rabbits will provide an anatomical model to assist in future research.