bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Environment-Friendly Nutrient Elements Silicon in Soil
Authors: Yang Dan , Sun Yue Jia , Liu Ming Da , Chen Bin , Zhang Yu Long
Published: June 2014

Silicon could improve soil fertility, promote crop growth, increase plant resistance to pests and harmful elements and improve yields and quality of agricultural products. Therefore, it would be theoretical significance and practical value to improve water and fertilizer conditions and apply extensively silicon fertilizers on the base of understanding silicon properties of soil in greenhouse. In this paper, the representative soils in greenhouse in Liaoning region were used to analyze the silicon change of soil. Results show that the amount of soluble silicon and amorphous silicon in protected soil were higher than those in uncovered soil, whereas the amount of active silicon in greenhouse soil was lower than that in open field. The amount of soluble silicon and amorphous silicon in 0~20cm soil layer were higher than those in 20~40cm soil layer, neither was the amount of active silicon. The amount of soluble silicon, amorphous silicon and active silicon in 0~20cm and 20~40cm soil layer increased first, then decreased with the growth of planting time.
Characteristics of Ion Release from Building Materials during Rainwater Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Jian Feng , Deng Ya Xiong , Lei Zhan Qin , Xie Wei
Published: June 2014

In the past two decade, the Chinese government has paid a huge effort to solve the problem of drinking water in remote rural. As an alterative success case, rainwater harvesting and utility has been the most efficient way to supplying fresh water in rural areas of the Loess Plateau, a typical water resources serious shortage area in China. Focused on improving the quality of the rural village cistern water, study about the characteristics of ion release from building materials during runoff process with five representative materials used for rainwater collection: concrete, red brick, grey tile, red tile and soil was conducted. The ion releasing process and following effect on cistern water quality index, such as hardness, pH, conductivity, has been analyzed. Results revealed that the most release strength of different materials was arriving at 30s following startup. Furthermore, the test of effects of rain acidity on ion release procession showed that the total ion release increased with storm water pH declining, however, the release strength was irrelevance with runoff’s pH. Based on research results, a detailed suggestion was provided to renovate intake construction of cistern for improving the drinking water quality in remote rural areas of Weibei Semi-arid District.
Numerical Calculation of the Erosion Force Based on the Rainfall
Authors: Shen Zhao Wei , Wang Xiao Hong
Published: June 2014

Today to estimate the size of the rainfall on soil erosion comprehensive index is rainfall erosion force.This paper, by using routine weather stations rainfall data, such as the daily rainfall data of rainfall erosion force simplified model is set up, estimate rainfall erosion force, on the soil erosion quantitative forecast and science develop soil and water conservation measures is particularly important.
Overview of Measurements of Unsaturated Soil Matrix Suction
Authors: Liu Yan Hui , Zhang Hong , Guo Chao
Published: June 2014

Matrix suction is very important in researching the properties of unsaturated soil. At present, there have been a lot of measurements of matrix suction. Basing on the physical principles of each kind of measurements, this paper divides them into indoor test method and field test method and evaluates them by equipment needed, operation steps, measurement range and matters needing attention.
Leaf N, P Stoichiometry and Nutrient Resorption in Phosphorus-Enriched Soils in a Mountainous Region of the Dianchi Lake Watershed
Authors: Yan Kai , Duan Changqun , Zhang Long , Xv Xin , Liu Change , Yu Fuke
Published: June 2014

Understanding the leaf N, P concentrations and nutrient resorption of plants growing in phosphorus–enriched soil (PES) can provide new data for ecostoichiometric research and ecological model building. In this study, 117 green leaves and 53 senesced leaves of dominant plants in PES in the Dianchi Lake watershed, SW China, were sampled. Plants in PES had high fresh leaf P (4.60mg/g), senesced leaf P (2.70mg/g), and low fresh leaf N: P (4.41), senesced leaf N: P (3.21). P resorption efficiency (PRE) (25.09%) was significantly lower than N resorption efficiency (NRE) (52.68%). Forbs had the highest P content in fresh (5.35mg/g) and senesced leaf (3.25mg/g) among plants forms. Although NRE was varied among plant forms, the difference in PRE was not significant. In conclusion, PES has a tremendous impact on the patterns of leaf N, P and nutrient resorption of different plant forms, those results were different from general results.
Genomics Approaches for Abiotic Stress in Crop Resources
Authors: Zheng Mao Bo , Zhao Hai Bin , Zhang Yan Ming
Published: June 2014

Rapid progress of crop genomics is making possible to undertake detailed structural and functional comparisons of genes involved in various biological processes among important crops and other plant species. These genomics-based approaches aim to decipher the entire genome, including genic and intergenic regions, to gain insights into plant molecular responses which will in turn provide specific strategies for crop improvement,especially in abiotic stresses. The objectives of this article are to review genomics approaches in crop resources and summarize to improve abiotic stresses by genomics. At last, we look forward and consider the significant of genomics approaches for abiotic stress in crop resources.
Experimental Study of Treating Petroleum Refinery Wastewater by Vacuum Distillation
Authors: Yan Long , Wang Yu Fei , Li Jian Li
Published: June 2014

Vacuum distillation (VD) by NaOH was used for treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater, and the optimal experimental conditions including operation vacuum degree, initial pH, feeding process were also investigated. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity and pH value were utilized to estimate the removal efficiency for treatment of refinery wastewater. Based on experimental results, it can be concluded that NaOH displays higher efficiency for the treatment of refinery wastewater, the pellucid effluents with satisfied COD removal efficiency (99%) and low salinity were obtained in fully batch process at operation vacuum degree of-0.085 MPa, operation time of 50 min, initial pH of 11, and the corresponding pH values of effluents varied from 7 to 9. Thus, in view of fine COD and mineralization removal efficiency, the VD technology is an effective approach to treat petroleum refinery wastewater.
Maize Growth and Development in Tillage Method, Planting Date and Density
Authors: Yu Ji Lin , Qi Hua , Lin Zhi Qiang
Published: June 2014

In order to study the effect of tillage method, sowing date and plant density on population physiological index and morphological trait on maize, a split-plot experiment was carried out. Main plot was tillage method with two levels (conventional tillage vs. deep loosing tillage). The subplots were planting date (25th April, 10th May and 25th May) and density (45 000 plants ha-1, 67 500 plant ha-1, 90 000 plant ha-1). Results showed that deep loosing could retard the decrease of leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and dry matter accumulation (DM). Moreover, it was benefit for growth and development after florescence. Significant difference in planting date treatments demonstrated that early sowing was better than medium and late sowing. During reproductive stage, delay in planting decreased the LAI by 12.52%. With density increased, population physiological index raised.
Analysis of Spatial Variability of Soil Granules in early Stage of Reclamation at Opencast Coal Mine Dump in Loess Area
Authors: Guo Ling Li , Wang Jin Man , Bai Zhong Ke , Yang Rui Xuan , Cao Yin Gui
Published: June 2014

Quality of soil reconstruction is directly related to the vegetation recovery of opencast coal mine in loess area, therefore, research on soil properties of land reclamation has a very important role in mine ecological recovery. Based on an reclamation open coal mine dump loess area as the research area, semi-variance function as the basic tools, combined with traditional statistics and geo-statistics method, with statistical module of arcgis10.0, was applied to study the spatial variability of 0 ~ 40cm soil granules in early stage of reclamation, and using ordinary kriging method to draw the spatial distribution map of different particle size of soil granules. Results show that: (1) in early stage of reclamation, between 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm the component characteristic of different size of soil granules was similar, the average of silt content was all highest in the whole research region .(2) through the semi-variance function fitting, the theory model of semi-variogram of clay accord with spherical model, the semi-variance function of silt content in 0 ~ 20 cm level in line with the spherical model, in the 20 ~ 40 cm accord with the exponential model, the semi-variance model of sand in 0 ~ 20 cm fit with the spherical model, in the 20 ~ 40 cm semi-variance function in line with the exponential model, different size of soil granules content has spatial auto-correlation in a certain range, showing that has a medium spatial correlation. (3) the map can reveals the spatial distribution of soil granules in different levels, in 0 ~ 20 cm, on the horizontal direction of silt content in the high value area in the study area corresponds to the sand content is low in the area, both of them have good complementary, and in the vertical direction different soil granules content in the spatial distribution has no obvious regularity. This study can provide certain reference for loess area land reclamation of soil profile reconstruction and soil fertilization and amelioration.
The Influence of Silviculture Treatments on the Leaf Litter Decomposition Rate of Triploid Populus tomentoza
Authors: Song Yue Qin , Xie Zong Qiang
Published: June 2014

Leaf litter decomposition is a fundamental mechanism for self-fertilization in forest ecosystems. Decomposition rate is an important factor in this process. Understanding how silvicultural treatments affect leaf litter decomposition rate can aid in plantation management. In order to reveal the effects of silvicultural treatments on litter decomposition in triploid Populus tomentoza pulp plantations, a litterbag technique was employed in a range of experimental conditions: with/without tree canopy cover (inter or intra forest belts), intercropping, and embedment in the soil. The results showed treatments had varying affects on leaf litter decomposition. The micro-environment created by the forest belt had no significant impact on leaf litter decomposition. The rate of decomposition of embedded leaf litter was significantly higher than litter on the soil surface, indicating that litter buried by tillage or hoeing would promote faster decomposition. Leaf litter decomposition was also enhanced by mixing with cotton (Gossypium sp.) leaf, showing that intercropping sped up the nutrient cycle in triploid P. tomentoza pulp plantations, thereby maintaining and improving soil productivity.
Ecological Value Measure of Populus eeuphratica Forest in Southern Margin of the Tarim Basin of Xingjiang
Authors: Xu Chong Zhi , Zhang Rui
Published: June 2014

P
opulus euphratica is the only dominant tree species in arid desert region, because of people the irrational use of resources in recent decades, causing their area was drastically reduced. This research was on the background of economic and social condition of Hotan County in typical areas of southern edge of the Tarim Basin, and took Populus euphratica ecological function as research objects, studied the main factors and mechanism of influencing their growth from the micro-level, and using the market value method, shadow engineering methods, and so on, measured their main ecological services value. The result showed that: Hotan County backward economic and social conditions exacerbated their ecological vulnerability. They have significantly effected on Populus euphratica growth, were temperature, soil, salinity and hydrology, etc. Currently, Populus euphratica forest plays a significant role of dust reduction and ecological environment in Hotan County, its indirect economic value is much higher than standing timber value.
VGFPS: An OpenSimulator-Based Virtual Geographic Environment for Geological Field Practice
Authors: Ke Zun Lin , Chen Bin , Ye Jiu Yan , Cao Qiang , Wang Lin
Published: June 2014

In traditional geological field practice (GFP), there are many problems, such as waste of human and material resources, dispersion of geological phenomenon and failure to reproduce geological processes, which lead to the inefficiency of traditional education. Recently, virtual geographic environment (VGE) has become increasingly popular. It can provide us an immersive, interactive and collaborative three-dimensional (3D) multi-user virtual environment which can help us to solve the above problems. In this paper, we present a Virtual Geological Field Practice System (VGFPS) for Huyu Region based on OpenSimulator, an open source virtual world server which can be used to create VGEs. VGFPS integrates texts, images, videos and other multimedia with digital elevation models (DEMs), remote sensing (RS) images, buildings and landscapes, geological process simulation models and in-world scripts to enable teachers and students to explore, navigate, interact in virtual environment and communicate, collaborate with each other. Practices show it’s feasible to use VGEs to make GFP education more effective and it can be applied to the domain of virtual education.
Research on Location in Complex Mountainous Base on GIS
Authors: Wang Ning , Yang Ling Bin , Chen Chun
Published: June 2014

This paper mainly discusses the sites of complex mountainous area wireless communication stations which is based on the analysis of the top digital model in order to highlight the advantages and functions of GIS in the practical application. This paper is thought on the theory of visual analysis, which is based on the digital model. According to the characteristic value of terrain data extraction, the obtaining and conversion of interpolation parameters as well as the features of characteristics and hope vector coverage area, the verification of signal coverage appears to be consistent with the shape visibility analysis of the base station position. With the assistance of professional ARCGIS, it can be easily to track the data and complete the 3D analysis and surface analysis of the typical complex mountainous terrain. Finally, the paper presents the prediction, preliminary selection, adjustment, optimization and results of station construction.
Future Extreme Climates Projection over Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China
Authors: Gu Huang He , Yu Zhong Bo , Wang Ji Gan
Published: June 2014

This study projects the future extreme climate changes over Huang-Huai-Hai (3H) region in China using a regional climate model (RegCM4). The RegCM4 performs well in “current” climate (1970-1999) simulations by compared with the available surface station data, focusing on near-surface air temperature and precipitation. Future climate changes are evaluated based on experiments driven by European-Hamburg general climate model (ECHAM5) in A1B future scenario (2070-2099). The results show that the annual temperature increase about 3.4 °C-4.2 °C and the annual precipitation increase about 5-15% in most of 3H region at the end of 21st century. The model predicts a generally less frost days, longer growing season, more hot days, no obvious change in heat wave duration index, larger maximum five-day rainfall, more heavy rain days, and larger daily rainfall intensity. The results indicate a higher risk of floods in the future warmer climate. In addition, the consecutive dry days in Huai River Basin will increase, indicating more serve drought and floods conditions in this region.
Treatment of H2S Gas from Viscose Industry with Turbulent Ball Tower Alkaline Washing Method
Authors: Lun Hai Bo , Zhang Yi Ting
Published: June 2014

This paper covers treatments at home and abroad.of H2S gas from viscose industry. It also elaborates on the principle, process, frequently asked questions and treatment effect of the treatment of H2S gas with turbulent ball tower alkaline washing method.
Analysis of R&D Capacity and Cooperation Trend of China and US in the Field of Clean Coal Technology Based on Paper and Patent Data
Authors: Tao Rui , Wu Si Hong , Yan Dong
Published: June 2014

Based on the database of Thomson Reuters, the bibliometric and patent information of China and US in the field of Clean Coal Technology from 2006 to 2011 are searched. The R&D capacity of China and US in the field of Clean Coal Technology are compared, the advantageous institutes in this field are identified. The cooperation trend between China and US on Clean Coal technology is analyzed. Some suggestions are proposed based on the data analysis.
The Structure Changes of the Land Use and the Related Influence Factors Analysis – Based on the Information Entropy and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhen Mei , Huang Ying , Shen Fei
Published: June 2014

Using information entropy,this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of land use structure in Shandong Province from 2003 to 2008. The results are as follows:The information entropy and equilibrium degree went up and the dominance degree went down year by year. That reflects that the disorder of the land use system was strengthening, while the structure weakening, and that the types of land utilization tended to be equilibrium during the study period.
An Analysis on the Landscape Pattern Dynamic Changes and Driving Force in Huihe Basin
Authors: Diao Zhao Yan , Su De Rong , Ye Sheng Xing , Zheng Zhi Rong , Feng Chao Yang
Published: June 2014

An application of GIS and the landscape pattern analysis software FRAGSTAS were used for research the changes of landscape structure nearly 14 years of Huihe basin in the hulunbuir prairie. The results show that, (1) from 1995 to 2010, cultivated land, grassland, basin forest area decreased, other land use type area were increased, and sand was the most obvious. From the grass internal structure change, low coverage in the grass and grassland area coverage in the proportion of total area decrease by 0.4% and 7.2% respectively in 14 years, and the high coverage grassland area ratio increases by 3.3%. Internal composition structure of forest land, the most significant change was shrubbery area, the area is reduced by 2.57%, the proportion of forestland of increased by 2.05%, and the proportion of open woodland area does not change significantly. (2) the land use type conversion frequently in basin area, large area and large proportion of the land use type conversion mainly in farmland, forest land, meadow and the sand. In the province, the main cultivated land into high, medium, and in the forest coverage grass, shrub and grass high coverage into cultivated land; Wetland overall increased; Sand of forest area into grass and open woodland, medium and low coverage grass coverage into the sand in the grass province. landscape pattern driving force analysis shows that the climate warming and human activities on the trend and rational use of natural resources, which lead the Huihe basin in the service function of ecological to degradation.
Value Theory of Lean Construction in China
Authors: Cui Hai Hong
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the common perspective of value for lean construction (LC) researchers and practitioners. Thus, this paper aims to generate a future discussion in the construction sector about the huge impact of construction projects over the entire society and, consequently, to underline the need of an expansion of current value perspectives moving from a local context (project level) to a global context (society). LC value perspectives lack in a common idea to be applied in the construction industry as a whole. Customer-focused construction practices, where satisfaction of customer requirements predominates over societal welfare. Practical implications – Construction industry should reformulate current practices and governments, as representative of the society, should promote construction regulation policies based on delivery of value including environmental and social issues.
SHARON-Anammox Process and its Application
Authors: Hua Wen Qiang , Li Kai , Wu Lu Han , Hou Wan Bing
Published: June 2014

SHARON-anammox process is a new energy-efficient biological denitrification process. In this paper, the basic principles of SHARON and anammox were introduced. Technical characteristics and present research status of SHARON-anammox process were analyzed, and existed questions and development trend were put forward.
The Study and Analysis on Seasonal Variations of Nano and Microalgae in Stomach Contents of Venerupis philippinarum in Xiangshan Bay
Authors: Zhu Gen Hai
Published: June 2014

In this study, we analyzed the compositions and seasonal variations of nanoand microalgae in stomach contents of Venerupis philippinarum in Xiangshan Bay. 132 species of nanoand microalgae were identified in Venerupis philippinarum stomach contents in four seasons. The nanoand microalgae in Venerupis philippinarum ingested were changed with variations of seasons. The nanoand microalgae ingested in spring and summer were larger than those ingested in autumn and winter, while the species number ingested in spring were more than those ingested in summer, autumn or winter. The nanoalgae in Venerupis philippinarum stomach contents were smaller than 20 micrometer and the dominant species were Skeletonema costatum, Navicula perminuta, Paralia sulcata, Leptocylindrus minimus, Cylotella spp., Nitzschia spp., etc. The microalgae were larger than 20 micrometers and the dominant species were Coscinodiscus jonesianus.
Toxicity of pH, Ammonia and Volatile Fatty Acids on Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen-Enriched Sludge
Authors: Li Jian Zheng , Zhang Yu Peng , Liu Chong , Tang Ze Yu
Published: June 2014

The activities of methanogen are easily affected by inhibitory substances and lead to anaerobic digestion failure. To investigate inhibitory effects on methanogenesis of a methanogen-enriched sludge, pH, volatile fatty acids (such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid), and ammonia were used as inhibitory factors and a L16(45) orthogonal table was employed to design batch experiments. The result of variance analyses shows that pH has the greatest impact on the methanogenesis of the enriched culture. The impact of butyrate, NH3, acetate and propionate was decreased in order. DGGE finger-print shows that there was only one methanogen in the inoculum sludge.
Magnetic Bacteria as a Tool for Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Ion
Authors: Tu Yi Ri Le , Watanabe Shingo , Iwasa Tatsuo
Published: June 2014

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are microorganism found in lake sediments and have a chain like organelle called magnetosome which is composed of highly pure crystal of magnetite (Fe3O4). We cultured Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum (MS-1) with culture media containing heavy metal ions such as Fe (standard media), Fe/Zn or Fe/Co and study on a possibility of MTB as a tool for bioremediation. In culture media containing Fe, Fe/Zn or Fe/Co, the growth rate of the bacteria was almost same. We measured the magnetic properties of the dried cells. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and the saturation remanence (Mr) of MS-1 cultured in Fe/Zn or Fe/Co media were decreased, but the coercivity (Hc) and the coercivity remanence (Hr) were increased from those of MS-1 cultured in the Fe media. The value of Mr/Ms and Hr/Hc were ca. 0.5 and ca. 1.0, respectively. The changes in the magnetic properties of MS-1 cultured in Fe/Zn or Fe/Co media represent that MS-1 would take not only Fe, but also Zn or Co element in their environment. We discuss about a possible usage and advantages of MTB as a tool for bioremediation.
Responses of Trifolium repens cv. Rivendel Seeds to Cadmium Stress in Terms of Electrolyte Leakage and Soluble Protein Content Changes
Authors: Zhao Ming Zhu , Liu Zhou Li , Chen Wei , Cai Shou Yu
Published: June 2014

Ecotoxicological responses of cadmium (Cd) on seed germination, electrolyte leakage and soluble protein of Trifolium repens cv. Rivendel seeds were studied. Seeds were exposed to different Cd treatments with concentration of 0-1250 μmol·L-1 for seven days. In the present study, with the increasing Cd concentration, both of germination rate and germination vigor decreased. There was no significant reduce compared to the control under Cd concentration of 10 μmol·L-1. With the pollution levels strengthen to 1250 μmol·L-1, germination rate and germination vigor were significantly restrained. With the increasing Cd concentration, electrolyte leakage increased gradually. Electrolyte leakage reached nearly one times of the control under Cd concentration of 1250 μmol·L-1. Soluble protein content increased under Cd concentration of 10-50 μmol·L-1 and then decreased with Cd concentration increased continuously.
Experimental Study on Evaluation of Scale Inhibitor for Xian-He
Authors: Zhang Ding Yong , Qin Guo Shun , Ma Tao , Li Wei , Guo Long Jiang , Li Zhao Min
Published: June 2014

The performance of Xian-He scale inhibitor was evaluated by experiment study with the method of scaling ion balance. The results imply that both of the scale inhibitor show good antiscale performance. The amount of calcium and magnesium ions decreased obviously and the scaling reduces. When the scale inhibitor NO.1 was added into the sample by 9ml/L, calcium and magnesium ions content was high and basically remained unchanged. The best dosage of the scale inhibitor NO.2 is 12mL/L. As the temperature rise, the amount of calcium and magnesium ions is declining. With the same dosage, the amount of calcium and magnesium ions in the sample of the scale inhibitor NO.1 is higher than that in the sample of the scale inhibitor NO.2. Therefore, the performance of the scale inhibitor NO.1 is better than the scale inhibitor NO.2.
Fabrication and Properties of Alumina Flat Sheet Membrane Surports
Authors: Liao De Xiang , Geng An Chao , Su Peng Hao , Feng Dao Lun , Wang Lin Lin
Published: June 2014

The porous ceramic support was realized at various temperature range from 1200°C~1300°C using α-Al2O3 as main material, carbon powder as pore-former, kaolin clay and titanium dioxide as sintering aids and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as adhesives. The microstructures of sintered body were significantly affected by the amount of pore-former and sintering temperature. The results indicated that the porosity dramatically increased and the pore radius increased from 2.9 μm to 3.2 μm as carbon powder addition increased from 3 wt.% to 12 wt.%. Correspondingly, their pure water flux depending on the pore structure parameters of the support increased from 1.37 to 4.53 m3.m-2.h-1.bar-1. To prepare porous alumina support with 40% open porosity, carbon powder up to 10 wt.% is appropriate. Sintering experiments showed that the optimum sintering conditions are the sintering temperature of 1300 °C and 2 h holding time at this temperature.
Research on New Poly-Acrylic Acid Size Synthesize and Property of Biological Degradation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Deng Ke Hui , Wang Zi Qi , Qing Xing
Published: June 2014

The property of biological degradation is used as the primary evaluation index in this article. By designing the radio of the monomer, the experiment tests the CODCr/BOD5 value of seven kinds of sizes, which are of different monomer ratios. The calibration experiment is the COD value of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) standard solution and the BOD value of Glucose and sodium glutamate salt standard solution. By using the optimum ratio of monomer, we synthesized the new acrylic sizing agent, which has a good biodegradation performance and can be biochemical.
Researching on Double-Reserve Flotation Reagents of Phosphate Mineral
Authors: Zhong Jin , Du Lin Pang , Guo Yong Jie , Fang Fu Yue
Published: June 2014

Using of the process of "double-reverse flotation " to the semi-weathered ore resources from Yunnan Dianchi areas. The first section, it using the anionic collector to floating and excluding dolomite impurities; The second section,it adopting cationic collector to floating the siliceous materialand and argillaceous gangue. In the "double reverse flotation technology", it mainly by adding a new phosphate inhibitor to enhance the efficiency on desilication and desmagnesiumtion; also using a new desiliconization agent to improve the desilication efficiency and liquidity bubble.In the end,it can obtain qualified concentrate.
A Scalable and Cycle Process for 2,4-Dibromopyrimidine
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liu Ting Ting , Yu Yi Feng , Du Man , Xu Shi Xia , Song Hai Wen , Du Hong Xia
Published: June 2014

A scalable and cycle process for 2,4-dibromopyrimidine is developed by bromination of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine using phosphorus tribromide. Compared with the literature reported before, the amount of bromination agent-phosphorus tribromide has been greatly reduced and purification of the product by recrystallization is realized. The total yield of 2,4-dibromopyrimidine can reach to 85.4%. The process is more suitable for scale-up production.
Isolation and Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria from the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Guo Ping , Lin Jian Guo , Cao Bin Xia , Ta Na
Published: June 2014

Fourteen petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria strains were isolated from oil-contaminated site. Isolated strains were able use diesel oil as sole carbon and energy source. Bacterial strain HD1 was selected due to the luxuriant growth on oil agar. The oil degradation rate of strain HD1 was analyzed using UV-spectrometry-based methods. The result showed that the rate of diesel oil degradation of 75% was observed after 14days of cultivation.
Antagonism of Trichoderma asperellum against Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Yang Ping
Published: June 2014

R. solani is a soil borne pathogens that has great harm on crops including corn, rice, wheat, cotton and a variety of fruits and vegetables. Biological control is an economic and effective method for crop prevention; T. asperellum is a key biocontrol fungus, can growth and reproduce on the pathogen R. Solani; moveover, alsocan discern and stick to the cell wall of R. solani cell wall degrading enzymes were secreted from T. asperellum to hydrolyze the hyphae of R. solani, and kill ultimately R. solani. In addition, T. asperellum can secret antifungal metabolites to inhibit and even kill directly R. solani. The study result proved that T. asperellum has highly effective in controlling R. solani.
Conversion of Biomass Sugars to Butyl Levulinate over Combined Catalyst of Solid Acid and other Acid
Authors: Liu Ying , Lin Lu , Liu Di , Zhuang Jun Ping , Pang Chun Sheng
Published: June 2014

SO42−/SnO2-ZrO2 catalyst, organic acids, inorganic acids and sulfates have been applied for the alcoholysis of sugars to butyl levulinate using n-buthanol as solvent and reactant. The combined effect of solid acid and H2SO4 showed a high catalytic activity for the selective conversion of cellulose to butyl levulinate at 200 °C, whereas the glucose yielded around 40 mol% butyl levulinate. The oxalic acid and CuSO4 also showed great activity towards the cellulose alcoholysis.
Process Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Helianthus annuus L. Heads by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Gao Yin Xiang , Yang Lei , Zu Yuan Gang , Yao Li Ping
Published: June 2014

An ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of pectin from heads of Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) was established. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction temperature (X1: 30–50°C), extraction time (X2: 20–40 min) and pH (X3: 2.5–3.5) to obtain a high yield of pectin with high degree of esterification (DE) from sunflower heads. Analysis of variance showed that the contribution of a quadratic model was significant for the pectin extraction yield and DE. An optimization study using response surface methodology was performed and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical model. According to the RSM model, the highest pectin yield (23.11 ± 0.08%) and DE (39.85 ± 0.14%) can be achieved when the UAE process is carried out at 50°C for 40min using a hydrochloric acid solution of pH 3.0. These results suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of functional pectin from sunflower heads at industrial level.
Vegetation Fraction Change Monitoring in Beijing by Remote Sensing
Authors: Dong Shi Wei , Sun Dan Feng , Li Hong
Published: June 2014

Vegetation fraction was a most important index to score the vegetation coverage on the land surface. Improved dimidiate pixel model was applied to calculate and analyze the vegetation fraction change from September 2000 to September 2013 in Beijing, China. The results showed that vegetation coverage of Beijing in 2013 year was much better than 2000 year. The area of low and middle-low coverage of Beijing in 2013 decreased 379 km2 and 591 km2 respectively, and the area of high and middle coverage increased 885 km2 and 85 km2 respectively. The research provided a necessary reference for the related researches of vegetation fraction.
Influence of Calcium Nitrate on Microbial Community Structure of Acidophilic Microorganisms
Authors: Li Wen Juan , Chen Bo Wei , Zhou Gui Ying , Wen Jian Kang , Liu Xing Yu , Liu Shuang
Published: June 2014

The influence of different concentrations of calcium nitrate on the growth and activity of acidophilic microorganisms were studied and the microbial community structures were compared by 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. The addition of Ca (NO3)2 has a certain effect on the solution potential, and that the time needed to reach the steady potential were prolonged with the increase of Ca (NO3)2 concentration but not obvious when it was above 1.64 g.L-1. It also can be observed that the cell numbers decreased with the increase of Ca (NO3)2 concentration which can alter the cell osmolarity, and that the time entering the stationary phase of cell concentration was delayed with the addtion of Ca (NO3)2. With the addition of 0.41g.L-1 Ca (NO3)2, the percentage of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidiphilium cryptum didn’t have great changes, while the uncultured Sulfobacillus sp., Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Alicyclobacillus tolerans were also detected. With the addition of 2.05 g.L-1 Ca (NO3)2 or more, the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans become the dominant bacterium (which accounted for more than 90%).
Assessment of Hepatic Antioxidant Parameters in Zebrafish upon Exposure to Urban River Water
Authors: Pan Chen Yuan , Yang Ming , Lei Xiang Jie , Liu Shuai , Wu Ming Hong
Published: June 2014

The present study aims to evaluate the adverse effects of contaminated urban river water on fish. Hepatic antioxidant parameters, including the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, as well as glutathione content, were significantly inhibited in zebrafish upon 14-d exposure to urban river water sampled from Shanghai, China, which was determined to be potentially contaminated by environmental estrogens (EEs) using the yeast estrogen screen bioassay. However, using estradiol as an estrogen standard for exposure, our results did not show a direct correlation between EE contamination and impairment of the antioxidant defense system of fish.
Assessment of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Non-point Source Pollution from Rice Field
Authors: Huang Dong Feng , Wang Li Min , Li Wei Hua , Lin Xin Jian
Published: June 2014

Under the condition of natural rain and through the method of field runoff plots, a field experiment with 6 kinds of water and fertilizer managements in 5 years was carried out to study the effects of water and fertilizer managements on the concentration and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus by runoff from paddy field. Results showed that: Water quality of runoff under “none fertilization and routine irrigation”(CK) was the best, and which under “optimization fertilization and optimization irrigation”(OF+OI) took the second place. And the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus under CK was the least, and which under OF+OI was less. Thus, we can conclude that it is an economical and effective measure to control nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution from paddy field by using the treatment of OF+OI.
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Morphological Changes on Marine Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Gong Ning , Shao Kui Shuang , Li Guang Yao , Sun Ye Qing
Published: June 2014

The status of oxidative stress of marine Chlorella vulgaris was investigated via measuring the content of H2O2, MDA, SOD and CAT in cells after 72h NiO nanoparticles (nNiO) exposure. Morphological changes of algal cells were also determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that nNiO induced the ROS generation and stimulated the antioxidant defense system of algae. Significant increases (p < 0.01) in MDA level and SOD activity were found after 72h 10 mg L-1 nNiO treatment. H2O2 content and CAT activity also increased under higher concentration treatments although non-significant. The disruption of plasma membrane and the disordered thylakoid lamella of algal cells were found under nNiO exposure, which indicated cell morphological changes. Our results implied that oxidative damage was one of toxic causes of nanoparticles on algae. It also indicates the potential impacts on aquatic biota by nanomaterials.
A Study on the Influencing Factors of Food Quality Safety by Application of DEMATEL Method
Authors: Liu Jing , Pan Wei
Published: June 2014

In recent years, China’s food quality safety events occurred frequently, seriously affecting people’s life. This paper does an empirical study on the influencing factors of food quality safety by application of DEMATEL method. We find out the casual factors and resultant factors of food quality safety; confirm the main influencing factors, and clear the interpretive structure relationship of the influencing factors. The results of this study suggest that morality, laws, and technology are the main three factors which influence food quality safety; relevant government departments play a crucial role in food quality safety; customers have a limited affect on the food quality safety. We propose the countermeasures to perfect China’s food quality safety management from three aspects
A Survey on the Cognition on Air Pollution Harms to Respiratory Health and the Demand for it in Pupils
Authors: Zhao Chun Shan , Xu Min , Li Chun Guo
Published: June 2014

The goal of this paper was to investigate the cognition on primary harms of air pollution to respiratory health and the demand for it in pupils. Based on the atmospheric monitoring results over the years and with the random sampling method, the urban area of Jilin City was randomly divided three contaminated areas and one of primary schools in each contaminated areas was selected respectively. A total of 670 pupils were taken as the research subjects, 326 males and 319 females. The results showed that pupils’ knowledge on air pollution was insufficient, pupils’ cognitive abilities of in air pollution harms to respiratory health should be improved, their demand for the cognition on the air pollution-related knowledge was urgent. Therefore, schools should make full use of the campus educational resource, give play to teachers and school doctors, and utilize all effective means to strengthen the education in air pollution-related knowledge. Parents should establish correct health awareness and train their children to improve their environmental awareness through their own actions from childhood.
The Current Situation and Development Trend of Electroforming
Authors: Yu Wu Xin , Zhou Shi Qian
Published: June 2014

Electroforming technology is an important part of micro fabrication andfine parts and composite materials prepared by the electroforming technology has broad application prospects. This paper describes the principle and method of electroforming, introduces the development and the basic elements of electroforming, then concludes the research status and main research direction and trend of this technology.
A Role Mengxi UHVDC Project Plays in Improving the Energy Demand in the Central China Power Grid
Authors: Zheng Xu , Wang Jiang Hong , Zhao Shuang , Li Mei , Zhang Bu Han , Zeng Ni , Zhu Ruo Xi , Zeng Yuan Fang
Published: June 2014

A province in the central China faces the problem of energy shortage, 800kV Mengxi UHVDC project will effectively broaden the energy input channels of the province, enhance energy supply security, and reduce the pressure on coal transportation. This paper analyses the load, power supply and power shortage of a central province, and explored the role of Mengxi UHVDC project played in improving the energy demand in the Central China power grid. By comparing the different access plans to the grid, this paper demonstrated that it’s more appropriate to divide the Mengxi UHVDC into 1000kV and 500kV at the inverter side for consuming the power of UHVDC and protecting the normal power supply.
Design of Magnet Power Supply Controller Based on DSP + FPGA
Authors: Pang Ke Wang
Published: June 2014

For the output requirements of low ripple voltage and high precision exciting current for ferromagnetic power, The combination of DSP and FPGA is put forward to the magnet power supply controller design scheme, First ,The power source controller hardware system is given, then the signal conditioning circuit, the intermediate link of data processing and the backend driver circuit of system is Introduced in detail, Finally gives control process of the program of the controller software design for the main program and PWM dead zone.
Optimal Reactive Power Compensation Configuration in Distribution Power System Integrated with Small Hydro Power Plant
Authors: Ma Hong Liang , Ren Zheng Mou , Lu Wen Xin , Han Yu Xin , Wang Zhao Jian , Chen Lai Jun
Published: June 2014

Hydropower is the most widely used renewable energy for electricity generation in China, and small hydro power plant (SHPP) is a flexible way of electricity generation in water-rich remote area. Voltage at the end of distribution network may be increased over the acceptable range due to the connection of SHPPs. Magnetic control reactor (MCR) is usually used to reduce the voltage by consuming reactive power. A mathematical model for calculation of the optimal capacity of MCR is proposed in this paper, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to solve the optimization problem. Two cases based on the IEEE 33-bus test system are used to validate the proposed method. In the given cases, system voltage is adjusted to the acceptable range.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Test System of Digital Device
Authors: Zhang Ju Liang , Deng Qing Chuang , Hu Yun Hua
Published: June 2014

Aiming at the digital device test, design a automatic test system, introduced the concept, architecture and technology. The PC sends SMV to digital device based on IEC61850-9-2, Then receive real data from device through the PC serial based on IEC103, constructing a loop, then completed the test. Software static structure adopts the modular programming, dynamic data exchange uses multithread. According to the configured test case, test items can be completed automatically. The system is based on PC, compared with the traditional test instrument to save hardware cost. With the help of calculation and control capabilities of the PC, realize the automatic testing, make people liberation from repetitive work, more focused on the analysis of test results, improve test quality and efficiency.
Design and Implementation of Sensorless Vector Control System for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Fan Sheng Wen , Liu Dong , Li Zheng Xi , Wang Ze Ting , Wang Peng
Published: June 2014

This paper will introduce the sensorless vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor,it adopts the PLL structure to correct motor back electromotive force for the motor rotor speed/position estimation and vector control algorithm to realize speed and current loop control of PMSM.This paper established a mathematical model of the PMSM,design of system software and hardware,the principle of speed/position estimation method and simulation of system in Matlab/Simulink.Finally,it introduces the experiment of whole system in TMS320F2808-based PMSM experiment platform,the simulation and experimental result verify feasibility,fast response and practicability of the system.
Anti-Islanding Detection for Single-Stage Photovoltaic System Based on Passivity
Authors: Ji Li De , Yi Jian Quan
Published: June 2014

Based on the basic principles of anti-islanding detection, this paper puts forward an anti-islanding (AI) detection method which combined/q-axis voltage decoupling and positive feedback with Euler-Lagrange (EL) model .The proposed method is classified as an passive islanding detection method and it is based on the voltage change at the point of common coupling (PCC) that occurs in islanding .In the method, Add the d-axis decoupling voltage of PCC to the d-axis reference current of the EL model. A simulation study shows that the method is simple and feasible.
Research on the System Modeling and Control of Single-Phase Pv Flexible Grid-Connected
Authors: Hu Bo , Piao Zai Lin
Published: June 2014

Photovoltaic systems can not meet the needs in the power grid without the impact, due to its penriodicity, intermittent and randomness, thus the key to solve the core technology of photovoltaic power generation system is important to achieve PV grid-connected. This article explains the two-stage topology system control and modeling of single-phase PV grid-connected: Modeling of DC / DC converter provides basis for maximum power point tracking; DC / AC inverter in grid-connected modeling offer efficient communication basis for grid-connected, it research on the control strategies for DC / DC and DC / AC circuit: that PV grid-connected complete alternating current of unit power factor using the booster circuit and inverter control structure, in order to offer photovoltaic systems flexible grid-connected the foundation.
Effects of Load Ratio on Dual-Fuel Engine Operated with Pilot Diesel Fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas
Authors: Shi Qiang , Zhang Chun Hua , Cai Yan Chao , Fang Ju Xiang
Published: June 2014

In order to study the application of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) on diesel engine, a turbocharged diesel engine was converted into a dual-fuel engine ignited by diesel fuel. The effects of load ratio on fuel economy and emissions of dual-fuel engine were compared and analyzed at engine speed of 1200 r/min, 1600 r/min and 2200 r/min. The experimental results show that, the specific fuel consumption is reduced with the increase of load ratio at different speeds. As the load ratio increases, CO emission of dual-fuel reduces, but it increases slightly at high loads and full load. When the load ratio is less than 40%, HC emission of dual-fuel is reduced significantly with the increase of load, but increases when the load ratio continues to increase, and finally HC emission is stable. When the load ratio is less than 40 %, NOx emission is relatively low, as the load ratio increases, increases sharply, but at high loads and full load, reduces slightly.
Modal Analysis of Two Wheels Scooter Based on Solidworks
Authors: Huang Zhi Dong , Li Guo Fei , Cong Juan , Wang Yun , Yu Wei Na , Gu Quan
Published: June 2014

Based on Solidworks software, the three-dimensional model of two wheels scooter is set up. The finite element model of two wheels scooter is generated. Modal analysis of driving system and telescopic mechanism of bar on two wheels scooter is investigated. The first five orders natural frequency and major modes of driving system and telescopic mechanism of bar are clarified. The method and the result can be used as a reference of dynamic design and lay foundation for calculation and analysis of dynamic response for the two wheels scooter.