bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Antioxidants of Plant Origin and Some Analysis Methods
Authors: Yener Ismail
Published: October 2024

Natural-derived antioxidants are known as substances that make oxidation significantly difficult and delay oxidation when present in low concentrations in food or in the living organism. Antioxidant substances, which are included in the active groups of some enzymes affecting anabolic and catabolic events in the living organism and the whole metabolism, which cause physiological functions to stop or significantly decrease in the absence or deficiency, have increased interest in antioxidant substances and have been the subject of scientific research. In this chapter, it is aimed to give general information about the use and analysis methods of natural antioxidants.
Nigella Sativa L. (Black Seed)
Authors: Rayaman Pervin
Published: October 2024

Nigella sativa, known also as black seed or black cumin is found in Middle Europe, North America, Middle East, North and East Africa, South and Southwest Asia Black seed grows in a terrestrial environment and is a plant which is annual and flowering used broadly for medical purposes.N. sativa has been comprehensively researched for its biological activities and therapeutic value. It has been found to have a wide range of effects, most important of which are their anticancer, antihypertensive, antiasthmatic, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory ones. Additionally, it is known that black seed has analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and antioxidant activities.
Phytochemical and Pharmaceutical Properties of Sumac (Rhus Coriaria L.): Used As Spices in Türkiye
Authors: Yilmaz Beyza Nur , Taskin Turgut
Published: October 2024

Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is a member of the Anacardiaceae family and has been identified with around 150 species. Rhus genus grows in different parts of the world and the only species in our country is Rhus coriaria. Ground dried stone fruits are frequently used to create a strong purple spice. Because of the sour and acidic flavor of the dried, dark red, powdered fruits of this plant, sumac is used as a seasoning in salad dressings and other dishes in Turkey. Because of its growing use in the food coloring and preservation, veterinary applications, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, and animal skin processing technology, R. coriaria has a significant economic impact.
The Medicinal Importance of the Indian Spice Plant, Curry Leaves Murraya Koenigii
Authors: Al Marmour Doha
Published: October 2024

The medicinal significance of curry leaf, an Indian spice plant, is often studied in traditional Indian medicine and modern scientific research. Also known as Curry leaf, Murraya koenigii, the leaves of this plant contain antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds and a number of vitamins and minerals. These leaves contain active compounds that may improve the digestive system, balance blood sugar levels, lower cholesterol, and even have anti-cancer properties. Additionally, curry leaves are known to be beneficial for hair health.
Radiologic Imaging of Kidney Tumors
Authors: Akinci Muhammed Bilal
Published: October 2024

Radiological imaging plays a crucial role in the detection, characterization, treatment planning and follow-up of kidney tumors. With the increasing utilization of imaging techniques, a significant number of kidney tumors are now incidentally discovered. As radiologists, our primary objective is to accurately differentiate between benign and malignant tumors, thereby guiding appropriate treatment strategies. Various imaging modalities can be employed for this purpose, each possessing unique advantages and limitations in different clinical scenarios. This paper aims to discuss common renal masses and explore the available imaging modalities used for their differentiation.
Imaging in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dundar Ilyas
Published: October 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant health concern impacting millions of men around the globe. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of PCa have improved significantly over the past few years. In recent years, advancements in modern imaging technology have enhanced early and initial diagnosis, as well as the detection of distant metastases and recurrences.In recent years, there have been notable advancements in contemporary imaging methodologies, leading to substantial improvements in the detection and diagnostic assessment of PCa, thus advancing patient care. Multiparametric MRI and MR/TRUS fusion biopsy have enhanced initial detection and prognosis stratification, while prostate-specific membrane antigen hybrid imaging has enhanced staging and the identification of cancer recurrence, especially in high- risk individuals. The utilization of mpMRI is becoming increasingly widespread and rapidly integrated into routine clinical practice for risk stratification of lesions suspected of clinically significant PCa, assessment of the local-regional extent and staging of identified lesions, treatment planning, and patient management. In this section, an overview of imaging methods for PCa treatment will be presented based on the literature.
Interventional Radiological Treatments in Thyroid Malignancies
Authors: Ozgokce Mesut
Published: October 2024

Thyroid nodules are commonly found due to the widespread use of ultrasonography, with a prevalence of 19-67%. The diagnosis of thyroid cancer has tripled over the past 30 years. Most thyroid nodules are benign, with only 7-15% being malignant. Various guidelines like TI-RADS and ATA have been developed to improve the diagnosis and determine which nodules should be biopsied, though none are highly sensitive or specific. The standard treatment for thyroid nodules is total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy, which can lead to complications such as nerve injury, parathyroid gland damage, scars, hypothyroidism, and requires prolonged hospitalization under general anesthesia. These drawbacks have led to the popularity of minimally invasive treatments, such as chemical (ethanol injection) and thermal ablation (radiofrequency, microwave, laser ablation, and high- intensity focused ultrasound). Minimally invasive treatments are effective for benign nodules and show promise for local tumor control in malignant nodules. Thermal ablation is also used for other conditions like parathyroid adenoma and small thyroid cancers. While surgery remains the primary option for recurrent thyroid cancers, ablation offers an alternative for patients with severe fibrosis or those who cannot tolerate surgery. This approach avoids risks associated with traditional surgery, such as vocal cord paralysis, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, scarring, long- term hormone therapy, and complications from anesthesia.
Radiological Evaluation of Pituitary Gland Masses
Authors: Simsek Sadullah
Published: October 2024

The pituitary gland, central to the body’s hormonal system, is located in the sella turcica at the base of the skull. It comprises the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), which secretes hormones, and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), which stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. The gland's size varies with age and physiological conditions, such as pregnancy, and it typically decreases in older adults. Pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, and Rathke’s cleft cysts are lesions found in the pituitary gland. Meningioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis due to its location.
Radiology of Larynx Tumors
Authors: Cetincakmak Mehmet Guli
Published: October 2024

In this chapter, It focuses on the use of imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and PET-CT in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. Cross-sectional laryngeal anatomy, indications and contraindications of the modalities are presented. The globally accepted and long-standing TNM classification is described.
Immunotherapy in Brain, Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Eroglu Imdat , Ozdemir Nuriye , Yazici Ozan
Published: October 2024

Besides immunotherapy, several other pathways are targeted in Head and Neck (HNC) for future treatment. HRAS, NTRK, MSI, NOTCH, and PIK3A are targetable pathways for HNC. Tipifarnib showed promising results in patients with HNC having HRAS mutation in phase 2 studies. Xevinapant, a potent oral inhibitor of the apoptosis proteins antagonist, is another novel molecule tested as a treatment option in HNC. A phase 2 trial showed that the addition of xevinapant to the CRT in locally advanced HNC results in very promising 5-yr OS benefits (53 % vs 28 %) compared to the CRT+placebo ( Multiomic studies (especially genomic and transcriptomic) are going on. Using multi-omics for the guidance of treatment could increase the PFS of the patients.

Pembrolizumab is recommended alone or in combination with cisplatin /carboplatin and 5-FU chemotherapy, especially in tumors with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 for metastatic/unresectable disease in the first-line treatment. Single-agent pembrolizumab is an acceptable treatment choice especially in patients with CPS ≥ 20. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are also recommended in subsequent lines if disease progression occurs after the first platinum-based treatment. For locally advanced HNC, studies on nivolumab and pembrolizumab with radiation therapy or CRT are mainly based on safety data and are immature. Although KEYNOTE-412 failed to show event-free survival and OS benefit when combined with CRT, patients with high PD-L1 expression may improve clinically. Although neoadjuvant immunotherapy showed promising results in phase 2 studies, further phase 3 studies are required to use it as a standard treatment option. HNCs are a heterogeneous group of cancers with different etiological, anatomical, and tumor microenvironmental features. Combining the different immunotherapies and chemotherapy with immunotherapy could be an acceptable option to overcome these barriers. Besides immunotherapy, several novel pathways are under investigation for targeted therapies in patients with HNC.
Immunotherapy in Lung and Thoracic Cancer
Authors: Muglu Harun , Olmez Omer Fatih
Published: October 2024

The emergence of immunotherapy has ushered in a new epoch in the ever-evolving field of oncology. Thoracic malignancies, particularly lung cancer and mesothelioma, have been at the forefront of this paradigm shift due to their high mortality rates and past limitations in treatment options. This chapter delves into the transformative impact of immunotherapy on managing thoracic malignancies, a domain where the synergy between scientific advancement and groundbreaking discoveries is saving lives and redefining the future of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has been shown to contribute to progression-free survival and overall survival in both metastatic NSCLC and SCLC. Therefore, it is widely used in both diseases. Similarly, immunotherapies are also used in malignant pleural mesothelioma and show promise in contrast to standard treatments. In this chapter, the efficacy and application areas of immunotherapy in lung and thoracic cancers will be discussed.
Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Icli Mehmet Cihan , Akagunduz Baran
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and a multidisciplinary approach has reduced breast cancer mortality. Early stage and locally advanced breast cancers require systemic therapy to reduce recurrence and relapse. Pathologic complete response (pCR) has been one of the main targets of neoadjuvant systemic therapy. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of solid tumors. Immunotherapy in breast cancer has been used especially in the immunogenic subtype of TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer), which has higher levels of TIL (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes). The KEYNOTE-522 study showed that adding pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy increased pCR rates in patients with early-stage TNBC. The IMPASSION031 study also showed that the combination of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel increased the pCR rate from 41% to 58%. In the KEYNOTE-355 study, the addition of pembrolizumab to chemotherapy in patients with TNBC with a combined positive score (CPS) ≥10 significantly improved progression-free and overall survival. Current studies are investigating various combinations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as new immunotherapeutic agents in combination with tumor vaccines, oncolytic viruses and adaptive cellular therapy.
Mastoiditis
Authors: Kilinc Tayyar , Can Sermin
Published: October 2024

Mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid bone, the bony prominence behind the ear, and usually develops after untreated or inadequately treated otitis media. Symptoms of mastoiditis include ear pain, swelling and tenderness behind the ear, fever, headache, hearing loss and sometimes pus discharge from the ear. Left untreated, the infection can lead to serious complications such as brain abscess, meningitis and hearing loss. Treatment of mastoiditis usually involves intravenous antibiotics and, in some cases, surgery (removal of infected tissue from the mastoid bone). Early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance for the prognosis of the disease.
Technological Innovations in Public Health
Authors: Varsak Suleyman
Published: October 2024

Technological innovations are revolutionizing public health by enhancing the accessibility, efficiency, and quality of health services. This paper explores various technological advancements such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, mobile health applications, and wearable devices, which are transforming public health. Big data analytics enable faster and more efficient health data processing, aiding in early diagnosis, outbreak prevention, and informed health policy-making. Mobile health applications and telehealth services improve access to healthcare, allowing individuals to monitor their health, communicate with healthcare professionals, and receive services remotely. Wearable devices offer continuous health monitoring, enhancing disease detection and health management. These innovations collectively increase the effectiveness and efficiency of health services, contributing to better overall public health outcomes.
Leech Application
Authors: Bilden Alican
Published: October 2024

Hirudotherapy, the use of leeches in medical treatment, has gained global recognition, including approval from the World Health Organization. This therapy is noted for its effectiveness in conjunction with modern medicine in treating various diseases, thanks to the biologically active substances leeches secrete, which possess properties such as anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Despite its benefits and cost-effectiveness, improper application without specialist supervision can lead to complications and increased healthcare costs. Regulations introduced in 2014 mandate that leech therapy be administered by qualified doctors to ensure safety and efficacy.

Leeches, particularly species like Hirudo medicinalis and Hirudo verbana, are valued in medical applications. These hermaphroditic organisms, capable of living in diverse aquatic environments, produce secretions rich in therapeutic compounds. Historically used across ancient civilizations and reintroduced in modern medicine for plastic and reconstructive surgeries, leech therapy is now utilized for its pain-relief properties and to enhance wound healing and blood circulation.

Clinical applications extend to plastic surgery, orthopedic treatments, wound care, pain management, and even dental health. The therapy’s benefits include alleviating symptoms of chronic conditions such as arthritis and diabetes-related wounds, as well as improving recovery post-surgery. However, precautions are necessary to avoid risks like infections and allergic reactions. Leech therapy is contraindicated for certain individuals, including those with hemophilia, pregnant women, and children under ten.

The resurgence of hirudotherapy underscores the need for further scientific studies to expand its application and enhance understanding of its mechanisms. With stringent regulations and specialist involvement, leech therapy can complement conventional treatments, offering a holistic approach to healthcare.
Advancements in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)
Authors: Demir Hikmettin
Published: October 2024

After X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1985, their use in clinics as a cancer treatment tool was rapid. With the developments in the field of CT and the use of CT in treatment planning, 3D conformal radiotherapy has been introduced, in which three-dimensional tumors can be created, normal tissues can be drawn, and dose distributions can be calculated. In the 1990s, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), began to be used. Compared to conformal radiation therapy, IMRT is more flexible in controlling beam fields, has better dose distribution, and has fewer side effects. Arc therapy appeared as a response to the limitations in fixed areas. Arc therapy has some advantages over IMRT. The desire to see the target volume during the treatment process led to the development of IGRT, which provides optimal targeting of the desired organs and limits them to critical organs. On-board systems refer to imaging devices connected to the radiotherapy device. The most commonly used on-board system is EPID. Clinical application of IGRT for verification and correction of the patient’s position can generally be done offline or online. The first monitors the patient’s position between fractions and reviews safety margins and/or plan accordingly. This is also known as adaptive radiation therapy (ART). Many geometric errors can be corrected online. Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRTx) that uses X-ray-based technology, which combines a kilovoltage X-ray source and a flat-panel imager with treatment devices, has been used for years, but despite its success, two inherent limitations to IGRTx have emerged. Magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) combines the magnetic resonance system with a radiotherapy device, allowing real-time imaging of the target volume and critical organs before and during treatment and renewing the plan when necessary. Recently, the use of surface-guided radiation therapy with optical surface scanning, intra-fraction movements, and breath tracking systems has increased in clinics. SGRT systems use a projector system and several camera systems to perform real-time, three-dimensional surface scanning of the patient.
Assessing the Effects of Potential Carbon Tax Implementation on Agricultural Product Markets
Authors: Turkten Hatice , Yildirim Cagatay , Mencet Yelboga Makbule Nisa , Kadakoglu Cansu
Published: October 2024

Carbon pricing is a broad phrase for strategies that price CO2 emissions to modify behavior and reduce emissions. Also, it is an economic strategy that utilizes a market system to trade emission allowances. The methods have the potential to effectively reduce emissions in different sectors. The agriculture sector poses distinct problems and opportunities for mitigation. Agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mostly comprise non-CO2 gases, particularly methane and nitrous oxide, which originate from crop cultivation and livestock operations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the hypothetical introduction of a carbon tax on agricultural product markets, specifically examining the environmental advantages and economic consequences. The study used a bibliometric analysis methodology that utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to aid in the identification of relevant papers. The findings indicate that the carbon tax is likely to lead to significant changes in the agricultural sector. It is important to note that the carbon tax will lead to an increase in agricultural production costs, which will then be reflected in the prices of products. As a consequence, A carbon tax can help protect the environment by encouraging organic farming and other low-emission ways of making things. However, it may exacerbate serious economic and social issues, particularly in low-income countries. It is important to consider developing policy recommendations and solutions that are tailored to different regions to effectively manage and mitigate the effects of carbon taxes in the agricultural sector.
The Role of Agricultural Extension in Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: Kocyigit Ahmet Yesevi , Demiryurek Kursat
Published: October 2024

Climate change is having profound and complex impacts on the agricultural sector, posing major risks to food security and sustainable agriculture. Agricultural extension services improve farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change by increasing their knowledge and skills, and thus play a role in ensuring the sustainability of agricultural production and food security. In this study, the benefits of agricultural extension in teaching climate-smart agricultural techniques to farmers and in the implementation of these techniques are emphasised. In the light of case studies and current research, the contributions of agricultural extension to farmers in areas such as efficient use of water, soil health protection, increasing crop diversity and integration of digital tools are discussed. The results emphasise the importance of agricultural extension services in adapting to climate change and reveal the need to expand and improve the quality of these services. Expanding the scope and improving the quality of agricultural extension services can be recommended to increase the adaptive capacity of farmers to climate change and increase the sustainability of agricultural production.
Biodiversity Strategy Adopted by the Green Deal in the Framework of Climate Change
Authors: Salali Havva Ece
Published: October 2024

The evaluation of the biodiversity strategy adopted by the Green Deal is critical to assess its effectiveness in achieving environmental objectives. The European Green Deal emphasises the importance of biodiversity conservation, while the Natura 2000 policy aims to protect or restore habitats and species in EU Member States. However, more comprehensive evaluation frameworks are needed to measure the impact of these policies on biodiversity conservation. The study addresses policy evaluation across the Green Deal and emphasises the importance of developing a systemic approach in this area. The paper considers the appropriateness of policy review and its specific role in the public sector by policy triangle. The framework covers the four key aspects of policy. The Policy analysis triangle consists of four elements: context, content, process and actors for who participates in and influences formulation and implementation of the policy. Green Deals focusing on biodiversity show promise for innovation and specific achievements towards nature and biodiversity objectives. By aligning policy objectives with monitoring mechanisms and stakeholder engagement, the effectiveness of biodiversity strategies under the Green Deal can be further enhanced and the long-term success of environmental protection efforts can be ensured.
The Impacts of Climate Change on Wasps
Authors: Kaplan Emin
Published: October 2024

The rise in temperature on the earth or layers of air close to the earth due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is referred to as global warming. Climate change is the totality of climatic changes that occur on Earth as a result of global warming. They estimated that living organisms belonging to agricultural and forest ecosystems could be seriously affected by climate change. In this study, the potential impacts of climate change on wasps, which have enormous roles in a natural ecosystem, and the consequences of these impacts are discussed based on the literature.
Depression: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Classification and Prognosis
Authors: Salman Baris Can , Gunes Mehmet
Published: October 2024

This section contains information about the definition, epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, classification, and prognosis of depression. Depression is a psychiatric condition characterized by depressed or anhedonic mood for at least two weeks, as well as symptoms and loss of functionality in many areas. The concepts of "melancholia" and "black bile", which also include the symptoms of depression, were formed during the Hippocratic period and were shaped throughout the historical process. With the formation of the DSM and ICD diagnostic systems in the twentieth century, the diagnostic criteria and classification of depression took their final form. According to the current data from the World Health Organization, the 1-year prevalence of unipolar depression is 6.6%, and the lifetime prevalence of depression is 16.2%. Genetic factors such as polymorphism in MAO-A and BDNF genes, inadequate functioning of monoamines, monoamine receptor up-regulation, endocrine system irregularities such as HPA anomaly, psychosocial factors such as loss of parents in early childhood, self-perception and hopeless schemas about the future are involved in the etiology of depression.
Other Biological Treatments Used in Depression
Authors: Demir Bahar , Donmezdil Suleyman
Published: October 2024

While antidepressant medications and psychotherapy are often effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder, approximately one-third of patients do not respond adequately to these treatments. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is associated with a higher rate of suicide attempts, a higher number of hospitalizations, and more frequent comorbidity with other diseases, resulting in higher treatment costs than those without TRD. For these reasons, the search for alternative treatments for TRD is still ongoing, and interest in biological treatments has been increasing in recent years. In this section, the journey of biological treatments used in the treatment of depression from past to present, their mechanism of action, and application methods have been compiled in light of current information.
Peripartum Depression
Authors: Savga Kubra , Kaya Mehmet Cemal
Published: October 2024

Depression is one of the most common complications in the peripartum period and is an important public health problem that can cause serious problems in both the mother and the baby. Most women who are pregnant or have given birth think that the mood changes they experience are a natural part of this process. For this reason, they may have difficulty recognizing symptoms of depression and delay in seeking professional help. In order to recognize possible depression and prevent delays, it is very important to have regular check-ups during and after pregnancy and to identify risks that may cause depression. Peripartum depression is a disease that is often overlooked and untreated, despite its high incidence.
Bronchiectasis in Children
Authors: Karakaya Ali Erdal
Published: October 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is defined as a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause, primarily affecting older adults, over 50 years of age. Diagnostic criteria includes a distinctive pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) or lung biopsy, in the absence of other known causes of interstitial lung disease such as environmental exposures, medications, or systemic diseases. A detailed differential diagnosis is required with other interstitial lung diseases for an accurate identification.
Lung Infections in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Savas Suat , Sen Velat
Published: October 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a relatively rare disease, with prevalence estimates varying globally. In the United States, prevalence is estimated to be around 14-43 cases per 100,000 people, with higher rates in older populations. The annual incidence is estimated to be 6-16 cases per 100,000 people. There is considerable variation across different countries and regions, likely due to differences in diagnostic criteria and reporting practices. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis primarily affects individuals over 50 years old. The risk increases with age, and it is most commonly diagnosed in people in their 60s and 70s. There is a slight male predominance, with men being affected more frequently than women.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood
Authors: Akar Asuman
Published: October 2024

The document discusses the crucial role of intra-family communication in fostering healthy relationships and individual development. The family is highlighted as the primary environment for personality formation and emotional security. Effective communication within the family involves listening, empathizing, and appropriate emotional expression.

Listening is emphasized as the foundation of communication, where understanding the verbal and non-verbal messages is vital. Empathy, defined as understanding and sharing the feelings of others, is crucial for emotional connection and conflict resolution. Proper emotional expression ensures that messages are conveyed clearly and constructively, avoiding unnecessary conflicts.

The impact of family communication on emotional health is discussed with references to various experts. Alice Miller, Engin Geçtan, Mustafa Ulusoy, John Bowlby, and Virginia Satir emphasize the importance of open, supportive communication in fostering emotional well-being and preventing psychological issues.

Basic dynamics of family communication, such as understanding, respect, boundaries, roles, and conflict management, are also crucial. These dynamics significantly influence the overall quality of life within the family, where mutual understanding and respect strengthen relationships and problem-solving abilities.

In summary, healthy intra-family communication is essential for emotional health, individual development, and overall family harmony.
Cerebral Cortex Anatomy
Authors: Koc Turan
Published: October 2024

Approximately 10-20% of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cases have a familial component, suggesting a strong genetic influence. While most cases are sporadic, familial cases provide critical insights into genetic predispositions and mechanisms. TERT and TERC mutations which encode components of telomerase, are among the most common in familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. They lead to shortened telomeres and premature cellular aging. SFTPC and SFTPA2 mutations in genes encoding surfactant proteins can disrupt normal lung function and homeostasis, leading to increased fibrosis. MUC5B is a common polymorphism in the promoter region of the MUC5B gene is strongly associated with both familial and sporadicidiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This variant increases the expression of mucin, which may contribute to aberrant wound healing and fibrosis.
Forensic Medical Approach to Alcohol
Authors: Uysal Cem , Arslan Humeyra
Published: October 2024

Alcohol, specifically ethyl alcohol, is widely used in various industries, including medical, chemical, and manufacturing. When consumed, it is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, affecting cognitive, psychomotor, and physiological functions. Alcohol impacts judgment, emotional control, and increases the likelihood of judicial events. Acute alcohol consumption can lead to euphoria, incoordination, stupor, and potentially death, while chronic consumption affects multiple organs, causing conditions like cirrhosis, gastritis, and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Forensic questions related to alcohol include its role in death, behavior influence, and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of an incident. Alcohol’s effects vary based on personal characteristics and tolerance. Legal regulations address alcohol use in driving, criminal liability, and protective measures for individuals with alcohol addiction. Biomarkers like GGT, AST, ALT, and CDT are used to detect alcohol consumption, while methods like gas chromatography and immunoassays confirm alcohol intake. Proper sample collection and legal adherence are crucial in forensic investigations involving alcohol.
Nutrition in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Gelen Kaya Pinar
Published: October 2024

In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, not every hormone necessary for the full maturation of an egg can be produced. Since none of the eggs can mature and crack from the ovary, ovulation cannot occur and the hormone progesterone cannot be produced. This situation causes the menstruations to be irregular or not at all.

The insulin hormone is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the level of glucose in the blood. ""Insulin resistance"" is observed in many women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In insulin resistance; body tissues resist the action of insulin and as a result, the body is forced to produce more insulin. Very high levels of insulin hormone in the body; It also affects the ovaries, causing hormonal imbalance; excess insulin production also increases androgen production, thus forming a complete vicious cycle. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to gain weight and the reason for difficult weight loss is this disorder observed in insulin metabolism.
Children in the Family
Authors: Bozkurt Ferhat
Published: October 2024

This chapter deals with the evolution of the concept of family, starting from human history, the marriage process, spouse selection, the role of families in relationships and the process of having children. Family is defined as a structure that meets the emotional, social and physiological needs of individuals. The human being’s need for a partner in his life journey as a social being, the process of choosing a partner, and the emotional and social dynamics experienced in this process are explained. The decision to marry requires mutual trust, love and harmony, and the couples’ commitment to each other is strengthened with the new responsibilities that arise during the marriage process. The process of having a child is considered as an experience that strengthens family ties, as well as fulfilling the genetic responsibilities of the couple. Developing healthy relationships within families is important for the mental health of individuals and society. The document serves as a guide to understand the different stages of becoming a family and the marriage process and the difficulties encountered in these processes.
PORTUGAL EM ÁFRICA: A ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE AUGUSTO FREIRE DE ANDRADE EM MOÇAMBIQUE (1906 – 1910)
Authors: Sampaio Thiago Henrique
Published: October 2024

Portugal foi uma das primeiras nações a formar seu Império Colonial e a última a desmantelá-lo. Após a independência do Brasil (1822), sua colônia mais desenvolvida, a nação portuguesa começa a observar o continente africano como fonte de riqueza e desenvolvimento. Em finais do século XIX ocorreram mudanças na política colonial da Europa em relação ao continente africano. Portugal, historicamente país colonizador, não tinha condições econômicas e nem militares para empregar uma modernização na sua política colonial. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a administração de Augusto Freire de Andrade (1906-1910), último governador de Moçambique no período monárquico, partindo do seu pensamento colonial de desenvolvimento para a província ultramarina e o incentivo da migração nacional para o território.
SOCIEDADE, ESCOLA, CURRÍCULO E MULTICULTURALISMO: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES
Authors: Lira Aliandra Cristina Mesomo
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre a escola e a atuação do pedagogo nos contextos educacionais atuais, a partir das proposições de alguns autores que destacam o caráter educativo multicultural que tanto a sociedade como a escola devem assumir. Para tal discussão busca-se fazer uma breve reflexão sobre cultura, escola, currículo e multiculturalismo, enfatizando ações e compreensões que se tornam imprescindíveis ao pensar e fazer educacional na atualidade.
DESAFIOS PARA A INCLUSÃO DOS ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA FÍSICA
Authors: Sandini Sabrina Plá , Horst Carla Cristiane Batista
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre os desafios enfrentados por pessoas com deficiência física, em especial, as que estão inseridas no ambiente escolar, para tanto, evidenciamos a questão da inclusão com um desafio para os dias atuais, a questão do Atendimento Educacional Especializado, bem como a relação entre teoria e prática, principalmente no que diz respeito aos princípios estabelecidos em lei que permeiam a educação inclusiva. Ainda o trabalho sugere algumas alternativas para o trabalho com a Deficiência Física na tentativa de diminuir a distância entre os alunos com e sem deficiência na busca da verdadeira inclusão.
Música e Sentimentos: A Influência da Música nos Sentimentos
Authors: Menin Vinicius Rafael , Silva Weslley Kozlik
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo almejou explorar a influência da música nos sentimentos do ser humano. Foi realizado uma pesquisa exploratória acerca da música para a psicologia, sentimentos e escalas musicais. Após a pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo de campo quase experimental, quanti-quali, com 130 pessoas de diferentes idades e regiões. Foi realizada uma análise estatística de acordo com os sentimentos elencados pelos participantes da pesquisa, comparando o ritmo musical e sua possível relação com sentimentos. Como resultado concluiu-se que a música possui grande influência nos sentimentos, capacidade de evocação de memórias, e que a escala menor não é necessariamente evocadora por si só, do sentimento de tristeza.
NOEL ROSA: A CLASSE MÉDIA VAI AO MORRO
Authors: Barnabé Luis Ernesto , Sebrian Raphael Nunes Nicoletti
Published: October 2024

Neste trabalho pretende-se apresentar alguns aspectos da obra e da vida de um dos mais importantes compositores da música popular brasileira na década de 1930: Noel Rosa, figura paradoxal de um grupo ao qual, por pressuposto, ele não deveria pertencer. Rosa, filho da classe média do Rio de Janeiro, tornou-se conhecido por sua música, que tinha estreitas ligações com aquela que se fazia nos morros e subúrbios cariocas da década de 1930 do século passado.
A POESIA NA MODERNIDADE: A OUTRA VOZ, DE OCTAVIO PAZ
Authors: Kukul Vanessa Moro
Published: October 2024

O mundo do poeta-crítico ou crítico-poeta Octavio Paz merece ser estudado não tanto por seus acertos ou por seu método, mas por suas indagações e incessante defesa do ato poético - uma ocupação que, para o poeta, têm ambivalências: plenitude e vacuidade, ofício e paixão, vôo e queda, solidão e comunhão. Isso porque, talvez, acima do poeta e do crítico, esteja um dos defensores da poesia em nosso século. Em sua obra A outra voz, situa a poesia, na modernidade, entre a revolução e a religião. Para se entender o porquê dessa escolha é imprescindível um olhar mais atento à constelação de Octavio Paz. O interesse deste estudo não se restringe, assim, à reflexão acerca da situação da poesia na modernidade, vai além. Trata-se de um comovente mergulho: um mergulho na obra e no pensamento de Octavio Paz
IDENTIDADE, INFÂNCIA E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Lira Aliandra Cristina Mesomo
Published: October 2024

Este texto pretende destacar questões sobre a identidade pessoal e a identidade na organização escolar, relacionando-as com a sociedade e com suas instituições e dinâmicas. Aspectos ligados ao tema da identidade como a autonomia, a alteridade, a escola - suas relações, estruturas e práticas - as dinâmicas sociais e as opções individuais mereceram destaque. Refletir sobre temáticas como construção, crise, fragmentação e busca de identidade, nos âmbitos pessoal, escolar e social implica compreender as relações entre identidade e autonomia, buscando reconhecer as relações de poder que permeiam os espaços, tempos e corpos continuamente.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE CONCEPÇÃO DO PROCESSO SAÚDE E DOENÇA E A IDENTIFICAÇÃO/HIERARQUIZAÇÃO DAS NECESSIDADES EM SAÚDE
Authors: Balestrin Maria Fátima , Barros Solange Aparecida Barbosa de Moraes
Published: October 2024

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE CONCEPÇÃO DO PROCESSO SAÚDE E DOENÇA E A IDENTIFICAÇÃO/HIERARQUIZAÇÃO DAS NECESSIDADES EM SAÚDE
TEORIA DOS ESPAÇOS MENTAIS E DA MESCLAGEM CONCEITUAL: CONCEPÇÕES DE LITERALIDADE E METAFORICIDADE
Authors: Fossile Dieysa Kanyela
Published: October 2024

TEORIA DOS ESPAÇOS MENTAIS E DA MESCLAGEM CONCEITUAL: CONCEPÇÕES DE LITERALIDADE E METAFORICIDADE
A PUBLICIDADE ONIPRESENTE: O DISCURSO POLÍTICO COLONIZADO
Authors: Pacheco Weslley Mayron Cunha
Published: October 2024

A PUBLICIDADE ONIPRESENTE: O DISCURSO POLÍTICO COLONIZADO
Profesyonel ve rekreatif bale dansçılarının bale kavramına ilişkin metaforik algıları
Authors: Gönül Figen , Güzel Gürbüz Pınar
Published: October 2024

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, profesyonel ve rekreatif bale dansı yapan öğrencilerin bale dansı kavramına yönelik metaforik algılarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırma kapsamında profesyonel rekreatif bale dansçıları arasından ölçüt (kriter) örnekleme seçimi yoluyla seçilmiş 25 katılımcının bale dansı kavramına yönelik metaforik algıları, metafor sorusu kullanılarak toplanan veriler ışığında incelenmiştir. Bu katılımcıların 11’i profesyonel, 14’ü, ise rekreatif olarak bale sporu ile uğraşmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan profesyonel ve rekreatif bale dansçılarının bale dansı kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları algıları ortaya çıkarmak amacı ile her birine “Bale yapmak……benzer. Çünkü; …….” cümlesi verilerek bu cümleleri tamamlamaları istenilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel analiz yöntemlerinden betimsel ve içerik analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmış ve Nvivo for Windows programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların demografik bilgilerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla nicel analiz yöntemi kullanılmış, bu bulgular frekans ve karşılaştırmalı tablolar şeklinde sunulmuştur. Katılımcılar bale kavramına yönelik 17 farklı metafor üretmişlerdir. Bu metaforlar; Uçmak, güneş ışıkları, nefes almak, yürüme, ruh, fotoğraf çekilme, rüya, çiçek yaprağı, cimnastik yapma, disiplin, özgürlük, vücudun çalışması, mutluluk, dans etme, yol, naziklik, yeni dünya şeklinde elde edilmiştir. Bu araştırma sonucunda rekreatif bale katılımcılarının gerek fiziksel, gerek sosyal gerekse psikolojik alanlarda önemli kazanımlar elde ettikleri görülmektedir. Bu nedenle özellikle çocuk yaşlarda ebeveynlerin çocuklarını bale dansına yönlendirmeleri öneri olarak sunulmaktadır.
Grief Response Scale
Authors: Payás-Puigarnau Alba , Fernández-Alcántara Manuel , Coelho Alexandra , Pérez-Marfil María Nieves , Cruz-Quintana Francisco , Camacho Dulce , Adrian Montesano Adrian Montesano , Cabañero-Martínez María José
Published: October 2024

Despite the existence of several other psychometric assessment instruments targeting grief and loss, few address the various responses to grief. Based on the Integrative-Relational Model of grief, the Grief Response Scale (GRS) attempts to do so, with an emphasis on complicated grief, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic growth.
Polychromatic Quick Response (PCQR) Codes: Development and Possible Applications.
Authors: Allaerts Wilfried , Vliet Josh van
Published: October 2024

In this short communication, a description is provided of our contributions to the research,
conceptual and practical development of a method for QR codes, hereby named PolyChromatic Quick Response (PCQR) codes. To the best of our knowledge, the present technique has not been presented before and “PolyChromatic Quick Response” (PCQR) is a specifically coined name for this purpose.
The Delicate Dance between Addiction and Survival: A Rat Model
of Choice in the Face of Scarcity.
Authors: Qadri Syed Munim
Published: October 2024

Addiction’s hold on the brain ignites a profound question: can it truly overpower the primal urge to survive? This study delves into this intricate dance in rats, using processed sugar as a model, exploring how addiction impacts decision-making when faced with limited food options. Through four meticulously designed experiments, we reveal the enduring influence of addiction, yet also unveil the remarkable resilience of survival instincts under specific conditions. These findings offer valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of addiction and its impact on human behaviour, paving the way for more effective treatment strategies.
Parkinson’s Disease Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Hand-Drawn Image Analysis
Authors: Nzenwata Uche-Jerry , Abiodun Ayodeji G. , Olayinka Adelola , Adeniyi Oluwabamise J. , Gazie Akwaronwu B.
Published: October 2024

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disorder, with over 10 million cases globally in 2020, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. The progression of the disease has been statistically proven, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis. As many as 80% of those diagnosed with PD begin to experience spinal degeneration, leading to other impairments and disabilities within approximately 10 years. Moreover, up to 35% of patients require assistance to walk or perform daily living activities within 5 years of diagnosis. The proposed study employs a neural convolutional network (CNN) to predict PD using 64x64 pixel hand-drawn images from 244 PD patients and 228 healthy individuals. K-nearest neighbors (KNN)-based feature extraction was applied as a data pre-processing method before feeding the data into the CNN layers. Model training involved tuning hyper parameters and testing several learning rates, ranging from 0.1 to 0.00001. The highest learning rate of 0.001 yielded the best performance, achieving classification accuracies, precision, sensitivity, and F1 score of 97.93%, 92%, 80%, and 86%, respectively, with a 5% increase in performance accuracy. These results demonstrate the model’s effective ability to discriminate between healthy individuals and PD patients based on hand-drawn samples.
A Descriptive Study of Depressive Disorders among Medical Students in Jalalabad City
Authors: Hashimi Sayed Zekria , Kamran Abdulillah , Niazi Shukria , Rahemi Mohammad Haroon
Published: October 2024

Depression is one of the most common and significant mental health problems, affecting approximately 280 million people globally. Medical students, who live in the stressful environment of the medical field, frequently exhibit depressive symptoms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of depressive disorders among medical students in the medical faculties of Jalalabad city. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1, 2023, to November 30, 2023, among students of the curative medicine faculties in Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan. The sample size was 460, with an equal number of students randomly selected from each medical faculty and each academic year, from the 1st to the 5th year. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was utilized to screen for depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. All of the 460 medical students selected through a stratified random sampling method responded to the questionnaire. A total of 335 (72.8%) medical students had at least one type of depressive disorder. Among them, 140 (30.4%) had mild depression, 135 (29.3%) had moderate depression, 40 (8.6%) had moderately severe depression, and 20 (4.3%) reported severe depression. Notably, fourth-year students had the highest prevalence among all classes, with a rate of 74.2%. The study found a high prevalence of depressive disorders among medical students, highlighting the need for further studies to investigate the causes and associated factors of depression among medical students in Jalalabad City.