bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Rhabdias africanus and other Endoparasites of Sclerophrys regularis (Anura: Bufonidae) From Ogoni Land, Nigeria
Authors: Amuzie C.C , Marcus T.M , Espínola-Novelo J.F
Published: October 2020

Sclerophrys regularis specimens from Ogoni, Nigeria, were investigated for the prevalence of the lung nematodes, Rhabdiasafricanus. Hosts were collected from two locations, Zor Sogho, Bori and Kaani 1, Khana. High prevalence of R. africanusinfection was observed, 69% in Bori and 100% in Khana. Other helminth parasites recovered from the hosts includedacanthocephalan cystacanths, pentastomids (Raillietiella sp.), trematodes (Diplodiscus fischthalicus and Mesocoeliummonodi) and nematodes (ascaridida larvae, Amplicaecum africanum, Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia hoepplii). Coinfectionof C. ornata and R. africanus was very common in both locations, and multiple infection was more prevalent thansingle infection. This is the second report of Diplodiscus fischthalicus from a bufonid in Nigeria, with both occurring in thehumid Niger Delta region, however in low prevalence and intensity. The other parasites have been reported by previousauthors. Research into the environmental factors that enhance transmission of Rhabdias africanus should be investigated.

Keywords: Lung nematode parasite, bufonids, co-infection, multiple infections, amphibians, Ogoni
Removal of fluoride from an aqueous solution by batch and column process using activated carbon derived from iron infused Pisum sativum peel: characterization, Isotherm, kinetics study
Authors: Sahu Naincy , Bhan Chandra , Singh Jiwan
Published: October 2020

The present study investigated the adsorption efficiency of magnetic activated carbon was synthesized by waste biomass of Pisum sativum (peel) and pyrolysis at 500˚C temperature (MPPAC-500). Derived activated carbon was applied for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. The MPPAC-500 was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Particle Size Analyser. The fluoride sequestration study was performed in both batch and column systems. The batch adsorption study was focused on parameter like, adsorbent dose, contact time, pH and initial fluoride concentrations. The maximum capacity of fluoride removal was qo = 4.71 (mg/g). Freundlich isotherm model (R2 -0.995) obeyed better than Langmuir (R2 -0.979) model. The RL values observed between 0-1 (RL-0.057) inferred the favourable adsorption. Pseudo-second-order model favoured well than pseudo-first-order in the whole experimental data. In case of column study was performed at two different bed height 5 cm and 10 cm having flow rate of 5 mL/min as well as 10 mL/min. The breakthrough curve and column data were interpreted by Thomas, Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Clark model. These finding showed that MPPAC-500 has potential adsorptive capacity for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions in batch and column systems.
THE INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO - COLEOPTERA
Authors: Wolcott George N.
Published: October 2020

The very latest authoritative names for the beetles of Puerto Rico are included in the "Checklist of Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the "West Indies and South America", compiled by Dr. Richard E. Blackwelder. This is Bulletin No. 185 of the United States National Museum, of which two parts appeared in 1944, the third in 1945, the fourth in 1946, while the fifth and concluding part was received late in 1947. As indications of generic transfers are not given in this list, none is included in the following pages. His changes in the gender of specific names are followed in the first citation even of economic insects, but often not subsequently.
THE INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO - LEPIDOPTERA - RHOPALOCERA: Butterflies
Authors: Wolcott George N.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés
Título en español.
Authors: I. Rivera Brenes  , F. J. Marchán  , J. I. Cabrera
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: F. J. Marchán  , L. Rivera Brenes  , L. F. Colón
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
New Sustainable Fibres and their application in Textiles: A Review
Authors: Oinam Roselyn Devi
Published: October 2020

Presently, sustainability became a key mantra in all the industries across the world, especially the textile sector as it is
one of the largest industries in the world. In textile science, natural fibres have a big role in a sustainable
environment-friendly future and became a significant topic to exploit a new natural resource which is green and
environment-friendly. Considering this, fibres from various sources were explored by many researchers for its
potentialities in improving the quality of life around the world. Aloe vera, banana, sisal, hemp, jute, bamboo, milk fibre,
corn, soya, groundnut shell, arecanut, coffee bean waste, lyocell and eucalyptus were few among them. Each year, more
synthetic fibres and high energy-consuming products are being replaced by natural-fiber-based products. Additionally,
natural fibres have been used not only for clothing but also for technical applications such as composite materials,
building materials, filtration and insulation materials. The reason for this trend is not only due to increase environmental
awareness but also because of its excellent properties, such as lightweight, strength, low costs and simple sourcing.
Meanwhile,waste utilization became one of the important and challengeable jobs around the world. The Textile industry
has obtained many fibres from bioresource waste as an important step toward sustainable development. As for example,
Pinafibre is a minor fibre obtained from waste pineapple leaves. The study attempted to review some of the selected new
sustainable fibres from waste materials and their application in textiles.
Upcycling: An emerging textile waste management strategy for the fashion industry
Authors: Muskan Agrawal and Latika Bhatt
Published: October 2020

The fashion industry is the second largest polluting industry in the world. Different fashion cycles provide
various options in the market, which leads to the rising concern of the environmental impact of the industry.
Wastewater, carbon, and textile waste are different types of waste being generated by the industry. Textile
waste is generated in two phases i.e. during production (textile leftovers) and post-production (discarded
textiles). Therefore, it is important to look at the environmental impact of the textile industry and take
initiatives to reduce the overall impact on the environment. The purpose of the research is to study how a
couture brand manages the textile waste generated during the production and to generate ideas to reuse
them. The couture brand in which the study was conducted was Shriya Som. The waste management
strategy of the Couture brand Shriya Som was studied and analyzed in terms of waste generation and its
reuse. The amount of waste being generated by the brand daily was evaluated and how much is reused and
how much was going to landfill. Strategy to utilize the leftover fabrics were developed keeping in mind the
brand identity. This study gives an overall perspective of textile waste management strategies being adopted
by the industry. Also suggests ideas to reuse textile waste. It was found that most of the leftovers can be
creatively reutilized in the product line itself to reduce or completely zero down the waste going to the
landfills.
Análise multitemporal do uso e cobertura da terra do município de Conceição do Araguaia-Pará através do Google Earth Engine
Authors: Vale Jones Remo Barbosa , Pereira Júlio Anderson Araújo , Cereja Samara Sunny dos Anjos , Souza Larisse Fernanda Pereira de
Published: October 2020

A Floresta Amazônica é a maior floresta tropical contígua do planeta e cobre cerca de 40% território brasileiro, vem passando por intenso processo de conversão de áreas florestais, principalmente, no arco do desmatamento que é uma área crítica com problemas ambientais como queimadas e desflorestamento. O município de Conceição do Araguaia-PA encontra-se nessa área crítica e apresenta-se como uma frente de expansão da atividade agropastoril na região. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar temporalmente as mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra no município de Conceição do Araguaia. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat-5/TM do ano de 1999 e 2009, e do satélite Landsat-8/OLI-TIRS do ano de 2019 processadas e classificadas na plataforma Google Earth Engine. A partir dos resultados obtidos constatou-se que entre os anos de 1999 e 2019 houve um desflorestamento de 22% no município em estudo, sendo que a atividade agropastoril obteve um aumentou de 14,6%. Com isto pode-se concluir que as condições edafoclimáticas favorecem o desenvolvimento da agropecuária e ela está diretamente ligada ao desflorestamento local, caracterizando-se como a principal matriz econômica do município.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITIES IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Narxoz University Russian Federation, Bazarbayev A. O. , Tundikbayeva B. K. ,   KIMEP University Russian Federation, Kupeshova B. K. ,   Narxoz University Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The authors set a goal - to show the role of the formation of entrepreneurial universities as one of the elements of a new innovative model for the development of the country's economy and to recommend solutions. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the research in universities and achievements in agricultural sector, where the process of organizing a new type of university becomes necessary in connection with the current situation in the world and the republic associated with the pandemic. Higher education institutions characterized by research and entrepreneurial activities are created according to the triple helix model and are thriving in the United States, Great Britain, Australia and many other countries. It is noted that scientific developments in the field of agriculture do not always meet the requirements of consumers. Often they are not known in the educational system or may be non-competitive, not comparable to the demands of practice. Due to the seasonality of production and instability of income, agricultural enterprises are not able to finance the costs of mastering and introducing innovative technologies into production. The dynamics of development of agricultural sector (gross agricultural output, yield per hectare for the main types of crops, livestock population), the quality of educ national programs for agricultural specialties are shown. The costs of financing science in Kazakhstan are considered on the basis of ratings of the national chamber of entrepreneurs "Atameken". Entrepreneurial universities have real opportunities to solve the problems of harmonizing relations between universities and agribusiness, contribute to improving the image of both parties, increasing their investment attractiveness and competitiveness in market environment.
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors:   Almaty Technological University Russian Federation, Sharipova B. D. , Baktgereyeva A. T. ,   Almaty Technological University Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The task of the research is to display modern method of applied mathematics - factor analysis, which allows to determine the interdependent and interdependent phenomena and processes of agricultural activity. Some of them are directly related to each other, others are indirectly. Hence it follows that important methodological aspect is the study of factors and their influence on the value of economic indicators under study. The factor analysis method is illustrated by the example of agro-industrial complex of Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan. Its performance indicators in the conditions of irrigated agriculture are presented. The results of forecasting the yield of agricultural crops are given, economic and mathematical models of the development of agricultural production are developed. A system for managing the marketing activities of agricultural enterprise and schemes of information interaction, principles and methods of modeling are proposed. The relationship between the numbers obtained as a result of processing the investigated mathematical phenomena is determined, some of them are fundamental and underlie all procedures of factor analysis. Significant elements are shown that create correlation matrix model between variables. Averaging was performed in order to smooth out fluctuations in production factors in dynamics. As a result, multivariate statistical methods are promising. The authors state that the use of factor analysis objectively and comprehensively reflects the current situation in agriculture of the region under study.
SOME ASPECTS OF IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia Russian Federation, Soltangazinov A.R. , Mussina A.ZH. ,   Toraighyrov University Russian Federation, Kadyrova A. S. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The authors consider the aim of the study - the issues of improving the energy efficiency of the country's agro-industrial complex. The relevance of the topic is that the studied sector of the national economy is characterized by high energy intensity and a low level of efficient consumption of energy resources, which negatively affects the competitiveness of products in domestic and world markets. The main problems and factors affecting the low efficiency of energy use are identified. The importance of increasing energy saving in agricultural sector through innovative resource-saving technologies is justified: introduction of precision farming system, biogas technologies. The advantages of their specific elements, economic efficiency, ensuring the rational use of energy resources are presented. Recommendations have been developed aimed at activating crop productivity management system based on a complex of satellite and computer hardware. The experience of foreign countries in the use of biogas technologies is analyzed, which indicates the prospects for the development of this direction of renewable energy, which contributes to the solution of not only energy, but also environmental problems. The significant benefits of operating biogas plants aimed to meet the energy needs of livestock farms and rural populations are shown. The economic feasibility and efficiency of the implementation of biogas projects have been proven, which simultaneously allow the rational management of agricultural waste. Proposals have been developed to stimulate the promotion of environmentally friendly biogas technologies in rural areas, due to the fact that expansion of the livestock production industry can have a negative impact on the environment if the industry's waste is not recycled properly.
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTITIES IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Academician A.Kuatbekov Peoples Friendship University, Sabenova B. N. , Issayeva G. K. ,   М. Auezov south Kazakhstan university, Alshembayeva L. T. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Development
Published: October 2020

The article defines the priority areas of crop and livestock production for the intensive development of industries in the southern region of the republic, considers the problems of the development of agro-industrial sector. The characteristic of production of main types of crop and livestock products is presented. The natural potential of this territory has the potential for cultivating such crops as corn, soybeans, sugar beets, cotton, and large areas of pastures. The population number of livestock of cattle, sheep, poultry, pigs, the area of pasture land, the yield of vegetables and potatoes, the volume of production of cattle meat, lamb, the concentration of meat and dairy animals in the context of regions are shown. The assessment of the competitiveness of the manufactured products is presented. Potential, targets and prospects for increasing agricultural production have been identified. Proposals have been developed for deepening specialization in beef cattle breeding, developing the industry on an industrial basis through intensification, favorable natural and climatic conditions that allow organizing outdoor feeding farms, creating zones for growing young animals, irrigation systems that ensure the expansion of crops for fodder grain. The authors concluded that it is necessary to develop fine-wool sheep breeding on the basis of intensive technologies, with the production of lamb and fine wool, using new breeds of meat merino, as well as meat sheep breeding to saturate the domestic market with mutton and dairy cattle in order to fully provide the population with whole milk products.
THE ROLE OF FARMS IN DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF KYZYLORDA REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Kyzylorda State University named after Korkyt Ata, Muchanova A. , Smagulova ZH. B. ,   Kyzylorda State University named after Korkyt Ata Russian Federation, Zhalaubayeva ZH. ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Development Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The authors of the article, taking into account the needs of practice, show the role of small rural entrepreneurship in the development of agro-industrial complex of the republic. The transition to market relations presupposes the formation of diversified rural economy based on different forms of ownership. The relevance of this topic lies in the act that the State pays much attention is paid to the development of farming and other forms of agribusiness in public agroindustrial policy. The article notes that increased economic efficiency of functioning of peasant (private) farms and their adaptation to constantly changing conditions on food market are becoming an objective necessity. The significance of p (p) f in agricultural sector of the country is revealed. Their characteristics are given as steadily dynamic form of management. It is emphasized that the organization of effective work requires qualitative changes in their activities, which are impossible without an effective, perfect system of State regulation. The social and economic essence of small agribusiness and features of its functioning are reflected. The views of domestic and foreign agricultural scientists on the problems of farms are presented. The main types of their work (financial, production and economic, marketing) are analyzed. The dynamics of the development of agricultural production in Kyzylorda region and the share of p (p) f in it (volume of gross production, sown areas, etc.) are considered. The assessment of functioning of agricultural formations is given: farm "Asan" (sheep breeding), farm "Karakat" (vegetable and milk direction), farm "Kulandy" (camel farming), farm "Madikazhy" (rice growing). Effective and typical economic models are shown.
MODERN "HERD MANAGEMENT" SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF MODEL DAIRY FARMS
Authors:   candidate of economic sciences, Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex andRural Development, Almaty, Kazakhstan, a748ern@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-5379, Baymuhanov Askar , Guseva Galina ,   Senior Researcher, Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of AgroIndustrial Complex andRural Development, Almaty, Kazakhstan, kazniiapk@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3710-4498
Published: October 2020

In terms of transition to loose housing, the issue of herd management is becoming especially acute. The aim of the study is to substantiate the efficiency of milk production using innovative technologies based on 7 model dairy farms containing 100 or more dairy cows. The relevance of the research topic is in the analysis of the effective application of the “Herd Management” system through digital technologies and intensive feeding for raising young animals of various groups. The economic effect of the introduction of innovative technologies in these economic entities is shown, which made it possible to determine the potential for their development, to assess the results of conducting production processes. The authors note the importance for dairy industry of the transfer and adaptation of technologies for automation of technological processes for production of livestock products in dairy cattle breeding in Kazakhstan, which will contribute to the achievement of goals and indicators as part of the implementation of the State Program on Development of the Agroindustrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021. Examples of model farms, where high financial indicators were obtained on the basis of calculations, are presented. It was revealed that the development of dairy cattle breeding and the increase in productivity of cows largely depends on intensification of forage production, organization of proper care and maintenance of livestock, the breed and quality of raised heifers intended for reproduction. It was determined that in the experimental groups, when optimizing the feed rations of young cattle, the increase in live weight of the studied farm animals increases.
EVALUATION OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF GRAIN RECEIVING ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Kostanay branch of Chelyabinsk State University Russian Federation, Baranova N. A. , Mishulina O.V. ,   Kostanay branch of Chelyabinsk State University Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The article discusses topical problems that are target indicators when analyzing the effectiveness of marketing activities of grain-receiving enterprise. Indicators for assessing its effectiveness in meeting effective demand with its own profit and the ability to resist competitors are systematized. The following general indicators are highlighted that economic unit can use when attracting buyers and strengthening its positions in product market - these are market and competitive efficiency, interaction with consumers, performing a full set of functions of the marketing division related to ensuring the supply of competitive products to market, supplemented by the system tools marketing. The necessity of using an integrated approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods has been proved. The results of the application of intensive technologies for the reception and storage of grain crops are presented. The matrix of distribution of responsibility of structural divisions of enterprise for the formation of commodity stocks of grain for the implementation of marketing activities has been compiled. The final criteria for the intensification of the work of grain receiving point and grain warehouse are shown: profit, profitability, competitive efficiency. The problems arising in marketing strategy of the enterprise for receiving, drying, storing and shipping grain crops are identified: organizational and functional. Practical recommendations have been developed to eliminate the identified reasons for the asymmetry of the technological process and deficiencies in the operation of equipment.
OPTIMIZATION MODELS OF DISTRIBUTION OF LAND PLOTS FOR GRAIN CROPS
Authors:   «Kainar» Academy, Saparbayev A.D. , Makulova A.T. ,   Narxoz University, Saparbayeva E.A. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University
Published: October 2020

In this study, the goal is theoretical and practical aspects of optimizing agricultural production management in the system of market economy based on economic and mathematical modeling. The relevance of the topic - in the theoretical and methodological provisions for improving agricultural sector, taking into account modern trends which is proposed by the authors. Optimization models of specialization in agriculture in conditions of irrigated agriculture in deterministic and stochastic formulations on the basis of their technological specifics in the practice of planning grain production of the SNP "Akzhar" of Saryagash district of Turkestan region have been built and implemented. The objective function is to maximize its total income. The specialization of cultivation of six grain crops on irrigated lands was investigated. The dependences of their productivity were revealed, taking into account moisture for irrigation and mineral fertilizers on the basis of multivariate regression models. The article presents economic and mathematical models for determining the optimal size of agricultural enterprises on irrigation, which make it possible to rationally use natural production resources and make informed management decisions. The results of the study are new methodologies for constructing an integrated system for optimizing the management of agricultural production activities, aimed at increasing the level of effective use of material and labor resources. The specified set of economic and mathematical models is aimed to help to the heads of farms and regions. The introduction of this approach through the implementation of optimization schemes allows to increase the amount of profit, increase economic efficiency of agricultural sector.
RURAL TERRITORIES OF KAZAKHSTAN: REALITIES, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Kazakh National Agrarian University, Kalykova B.
Published: October 2020

The study deals with the formation of a model of sustainable and effective development of agriculture and rural areas as the main task of implementing the State agricultural policy. The relevance of the tasks set by the author lies in considering the living conditions in the countryside as an integrated approach to the country's economy in order to diversify the types of activities in rural areas, create new sources of income. The directions representing a new economic paradigm of rural development in Kazakhstan are justified. The ways of implementing a comprehensive policy are shown, which consists in the partnership of public structures, local governments, public organizations and private sector, so that in the future, rural areas will become the most important socioeconomic and ecological subsystem of society. One of the key issues in the development of a model of modernization of the Kazakh countryside - the methodology for assessing the strategy and taken measures are highlighted. It is noted that monitoring of a wide variety of regional situations in rural settlements is of great scientific importance in creating a reliable and objective basis for developing substantiated measures to improve the quality of life of the rural population and determining priorities. The author states that the implementation of the "Auyl - El besigi" program contrib- utes to the development of support and satellite villages, which have the potential to increase the level of life and well-being of rural residents, modernize the social infrastructure of the SNP JSC "Fund for Financial Support of Agriculture" allocated significant amounts to ensure employment of the rural population. The program condition in the funded projects should be startups, proposals for non-agricultural areas of expansion of activities in rural areas.
Opportunities for Crop Research, Development and Adoption to Drive Transformative Adaptation in Agriculture
Authors: Niles Meredith , Ferdinand Tyler , Choularton Richard , Carter Rebecca
Published: October 2020

Climate change is already affecting crop production, and in some cases is undermining the viability of current crop systems. Crop research and development plays a critical role in developing the technologies and practices farmers need to maximize productivity and manage the increasing risks they face. This paper investigates how transformative adaptation - long-term, systemic change to fundamental aspects of systems in response to or anticipation of severe climate change impacts – can be sped up and scaled through crop research and development. The paper explains why transformative adaptation is needed in cropping systems, how seeds systems play a key role in these systemic shifts, and what changes are needed in crop research and development to enable climate-resilient transformations. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for researchers, policymakers, and adaptation funding entities.
ANALISIS PRINSIP AKUNTABILITAS DAN TRANSPARANSI DALAM PENGELOLAAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH PADA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI (MIN) KLUNGKUNG
Authors: Yunita Ria , Perdanawati Luh Putu Virra Indah
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) untuk mengetahui penerapan prinsip akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan danaBOS pada MIN Klungkung, (2) untuk mengetahui penerapan prinsip transparansi dalam pengelolaan danaBOS pada MIN Klungkung.Penelitian ini dilakukan di MIN Klungkung. Metode yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif analisis dimana pengumpulan data menggunakan teknikobservasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mewawancarai beberapa narasumberdiantaranya : Kepala Madrasah, Bendahara dan Wali murid MIN Klungkung.Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa penerapan prinsip akuntabilitas dan transparansi berjalan cukup baik, yaitu adanya RKAM sebagaiperncanaan dana BOS, kesesuaian penggunaan dana dan petunjuk teknis penggunaan dana BOS denganrealisasinya, serta pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban dana BOS kepada madrasah dan pemerintah secaraterbuka. Fakta ini menunjukkan bahwa madrasah telah melakukan prinsip akuntabilitas dan transparansipengelolaan dana BOS sesuai dengan aturan pemerintah atau petunjuk teknis penggunaan dana BOS.
FEASIBILITY OF POWERING MANZANILLA VIA A WIND FARM
Authors: Polisher Mickhal , Cumberbatch Edward , Ramkhalawan Aneil , Bisnath Jorrel , Maharajh Aatma
Published: October 2020

Remote communities on the outskirts of Trinidad and Tobago have the perennial challenge of a reliable supply of electricity. Frequent outages can have a negative effect on the quality of life for persons in such areas. Manzanilla is one such community. It however lies on the east coast of Trinidad. The east coast is commonly thought to have a significant wind resource compared with other areas of Trinidad. This study looked at the feasibility of providing wind energy to a community in the Manzanilla area. Average power consumption was determined by a survey for a total of almost 300 households, businesses and combined establishments in the area. The wind resource was examined to determine if it could meet the electricity demand which has been growing steadily from 2001 to the present. The wind resource was found to be adequate when compared with similar areas considering the generation of wind energy.
DEVELOPING PARALLEL COMPUTING ALGORITHMS USING GPU’S TO DETERMINE OIL AND GAS RESERVES PRESENTED IN THE UPSTREAM (EXPLORATION) SECTOR
Authors: Boodoo Stefan , Joshi Ajay
Published: October 2020

Oil and Gas companies keep exploring every new possible method to increase the likelihood of finding a commercial hydrocarbon bearing prospect. Well logging generates gigabytes of data from various probes and sensors. After processing, a prospective reservoir will indicate areas of oil, gas, water and reservoir rock. Incorporating High Performance Computing (HPC) methodologies will allow for thousands of potential wells to be indicative of its hydrocarbon bearing potential. This study will present the use of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computing as another method of analyzing probable reserves. Raw well log data from the Kansas Geological Society (1999-2018) forms the basis of the data analysis. Parallel algorithms are developed and make use of Nvidia’s Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). The results gathered highlight a 5 times speedup using a Nvidia GeForce GT 330M GPU as compared to an Intel Core i7 740QM Central Processing Unit (CPU). The processed results display depth wise areas of shale and rock formations as well as water, oil and/or gas reserves.
LOW COST SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM BASED ON OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TOOLS
Authors: Ramdeane Arvid , Lynch Lloyd
Published: October 2020

The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre, Trinidad and Tobago, operates a network of over 50 stations for earthquake and volcanic monitoring in the Eastern Caribbean islands. These stations form a seismic network consisting of various types of instrumentation, and communication systems. Over a period of 11 years, the Centre has embarked on an initiative of upgrading and expanding the current network with combinations of broadband and/or strong motion sensors, high dynamic range digitizers and networking equipment to link each station to centralized observatories via high speed digital data transmission medium. To realize such an upgrade and expansion, the Centre has developed a seismic data acquisition system prototype built using open-source hardware and software tools. The prototype is intended to be low-cost using off the shelf hardware components and open-source seismic related software handling data acquisition and data processing in two separate modules. The prototype uses a three-channel accelerometer sensor and can process data into standard MiniSEED format for easy data archiving and seismic data analysis. A global position module provides network time protocol time synchronization within 1 millisecond for accurate timestamping of data. Data can be stored locally on the prototype in twenty-minute data files or securely transferred to a central location via internet with the use of virtual private network capabilities. The prototype is modular in design allowing for components to be replaced easily and the system software can be updated remotely thus reducing maintenance cost.
Reconsideration on the C14 age dating period of the Bronze Age through the emergence time of the mandolin shaped bronze dagger
Authors: Kim Il Kyu
Published: October 2020

According to the C14 age dating, it is thought that the Bronze Age begun from the B.C. 15th century and the lute shaped bronze dagger was brought into the Korean Peninsula in 1100B.C. The upper limit of the Songgukri Assemblage is also thought in B.C. 10th century. Examining the mandolin shaped dagger in Liaoxi area and sacrificial vessel, set the emergence time of this dagger and consider when this dagger appeared in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. And make comparison between this result and the C14 age dating of the Bronze Age. As a result, this dagger was brought into the Korean Peninsula in Gangshang phase B.C. 7th century. The Songgukri Assemblage begun after the B.C 6th century. There are 400~500 years apart in time comparing with the C14 age dating. Scientific result based on probability and statistics is not absolute unlike mathematical result. Even though scientific rule exists, there are many variables in the process of proving, so various solutions should be proposed to prove according to the times. The result by the C14 age dating method is just though as the best method in present time. According as how improves the method of analysis, the result should be also changed. Therefore, the C14 age dating must be applied to archaeological chronology with discretion.
Appearance and development of the brazier-shaped pottery (걚形土器) excavated from ancient tomb in the Jinhan and Byeonhan Region
Authors: Kim Il Jung
Published: October 2020

The brazier-shaped pottery(盧形土器) was mainly excavated from the wooden chamber tomb as one of the major types of the latter soft grayish pottery(後期瓦質土器) in Jin Byeon Han(弁辰韓) area. According to the latter soft grayish pottery study, the shape of brazier-shaped pottery in the Byeon Jin Han area, had changed with time. But the‘ Byeon Jin Han’is a collective expression of a group of small units, the latter period of the Byeon Jin Han was during when the integration between the groups began to actively proceed. It is also meaningful to look at the aspects between unit sites rather than all Yeongnam province as an entire analysis unit. In this article, it’s focused on examining the differences in patterns of brazier-shaped pottery between unit sites. As a result of the analysis of the pottery, the common attributes shared across the Byeon Jin Han area and the characteristic properties of the unit sites were derived. The common attributes are the size and height of the top part, the maximum circumferential position(胴最大部) and shape, the percentage of foot in total size of the pottery etc.. The common attribute had changed in the forward direction, it’s interpreted it as shared the recognition of brazier-shaped pottery in all the Byeon Jin Han area. Meanwhile, the detailed type differences by units, is interpreted it as the result of selecting specific attributes in the region. Therefore it seems the shape of brazier-shaped pottery in the Byeon Jin Han area that common and optional attributes are combined. It’s examined the process of selective combination of attributes through comparison between regions. Considering the common attributes of the brazier-shaped pottery and the a temporal and spatial change of unit site’s property, there were various types of the pottery from the beginning, it develops in the direction of increasing the quantity with the formation according to the flow of time. As the shape difference between unit ruins decreases in the same time, it became flat in the Gyeongju region, the top part of pottery were developed in the upright direction in the Busan·Gimhae region. It’s changed to be hardened, transformed pottery stand(器臺) with the difference between Gyeongju and Busan·Gimhae region.
A Study on the Use of Organic Substances in the Production of Armor during the Three Kingdoms Period
Authors: Kim Hyuk-Joong
Published: October 2020

There are quite a few extant historical records, including The History of the Three Kingdoms (Samguk Sagi, 1145), which show that the three ancient Korean kingdoms waged a long succession of wars with each other. None of these materials, however, provides detailed information about the weapons and protective armor their armies used during combat. Thankfully, recent archaeological surveys and excavations of old tombs and fortifications have revealed that the warriors of these ancient Korean kingdoms wore various types of suits of armor and helmets. Relics unearthed from graves show that the protective coverings worn by ancient Korean warriors largely consisted of scale and plate armor. Of these two types, little is known about the full harness of the scale armor because only those parts protecting the neck and waist have been found so far, probably because such armor was made by combining metal with organic materials. In this study, the main discussion is focused on the use of organic substances in the production of suits of armor during the Three Kingdoms Period (ca. 1st-7th century AD). The study shows that the manufacturers of armor of that period exploited organic materials, such as wood and animal hide, extensively and developed the related techniques for the production of plate and scale armor by combining metal with various organic substances. Scholars have also found that similar techniques were used by Japanese artisans during the Kofun Period (c. 250-538 AD), suggesting that the combined use of iron and animal hide to make suits of armor was a universal tendency in East Asia during the early part of its history. The discovery of only certain parts of suits of armor in ancient graves has led scholars to conclude that only a part of the armor was buried as a funerary item, although one should not disregard the possibility that a full set of armor may have been buried in a warrior s tomb, of which the organic parts decomposed, leaving behind only the metal components.
A Rethink on the Origine of Songgungni Culture
Authors: Ahn Jaeho
Published: October 2020

Songgungni Culture, formed in the late Bronze Age of Korean peninsula, is characterized by the increased power of chieftains, uses of bronzeware, and constructions of huge burial mounds known as Guhoekmyo. The discussion on the difference of Songgungni Culture from previous cultural forms has been divided into the view to see it as foreign influences and that to see it derived from the previous local cultures. The author suggested the latter view first in 1992 but the findings accumulated since then lead us to rethink the origin of Songgungni Culture from a perspective that conjoins these two oft-conflicting views. The Zhou Dynasty and paddy field agrarian culture in the lower area of the Yangtze River influenced the formation of Songgungni Culture given the following findings. First, the Zhou Dynasty’s ceramic art called Beating Technique was discovered in Songgungni Culture with other artifacts such as weights made of stone, bottom parts of Chinese earthenware, and the jar coffins indicating the existence of ascribed status. Second, the excavations of paddy fields, Yunnan- style kilns, independent pillar structures, flask-shaped storage holes, and pestles suggest the propagation of the paddy field rice culture of the lower Yangtze along the coastline of the Shandong Peninsula. Under these foreign influences, Songguk-ri type potteries and other creative agricultural tools were produced. The differentiation of the previous joint family system into the nuclear produced lots of downsized dwelling areas which characterize Songguk-ri culture. And the innovation in the yielding capacity made possible by paddy fields also shows an aspect of Chiefdom settled into this area during the time. The surplus production of this period was not enough to advance towards the autonomous production of bronzeware. The increased size of chieftains’ tombs did not contain enough burial goods. Given the aforementioned findings, Songgungni Culture could be understood as an early stage of Chiefdom, just getting out of the state of fragmented society.
A Study on the Rim Perforation Decorated Pottery from Northeastern China Region from Neolithic Age to the Early Iron age
Authors: Oh Kangwon
Published: October 2020

The rim perforation decorated potteries in northeastern China are classified as followings. Type Ala, which pushes the decoration tool from an internal substrate to external substrate, forms raised decoration on the outside of the substrate. Type Alb, which is similar in the way of Ala, forms two to three rows of raised decorations on the outside of the substrate. Type All, which seals the inside of the substrate with clay after the formation of two to three rows of raised decorations. By contrast, type Ba, which forms the raised decoration on the internal substrate by pushing the decoration tool from the outer side of the substrate to the internal side of the substrate. Type Bb, which is highly similar to type Ba, however, different by having two to three rows of raised decorations. Unlike above, type C potteries completely perforates holes from one side to the other side of the substrates. The transition relationships are as followings. Type Ala and Type Ba were derived from type Ala in the Upper Neolithic, which first appeared in the Middle Neolithic. Type All and type Bb, finished with more than two rows of decorations and finished by covering the inside of the substrates with clays, were derived from type Al and type Ba, respectively, within the same period of time with little time difference. Type C differs completely from the aforementioned types in the aspects of culture and regional context. This type appeared in the west side of the Ussuri River and Yalu River in accordance with the cultural exchange and a small immigrant between Upper Neolithic in Russia’s Khabarovsk Province and Gonggwi-ri pattern. The rim perforation decorated potteries in northeastern China has originated and prevalent in the downstream of Nen River. Most of the rim perforation decorated potteries in northeastern China are distributed in this area and adjacent areas. Additionally, all types except type C were first found in this area. During the late Upper Bronze Age, the production of rim perforation decorated potteries started to decline. At the same time, the rim perforation decorated potteries have been temporarily produced in the upper stream of West Liao River, and Liao River area. The rim perforation decorated potteries are speculated to be found in accordance with the cultural exchange in the downstream of Nen River.
The Origin and Development of Yuhuangmiao Bronze Daggers
Authors: Kim Dong-il
Published: October 2020

One type of swords with an adorned guard is a bronze dagger that uses Taotie patterns on the guard; these are called Qin-style swords or Qin’s daggers, depending on the researcher. Although early research on swords with adorned guards and Qin’s daggers were split into the northern nomadic culture and Central Plain culture, researchers came to realize that both types originated from the same type of sword. Considering that Yu Village M1 and Xiguan Village M1, which belong to the earliest period of China’s territory, show strong elements of northern nomadic culture, and comparing them with artifacts excavated from the central area of Altay and Minusinsk, this author determined that these bronze daggers originated from northern nomadic culture and named them “nomad-originated swords with adorned guards.” Nomad-originated swords with an adorned guard were introduced into Qin Culture and Yuhuangmiao Culture during the Spring and Autumn period, and this author named those introduced into Qin Culture “Qin-originated swords with the adorned guard.” In addition, swords with adorned guards introduced into Yuhuangmiao Culture and those introduced into Kingdom Zhongshan from previous studies were named “Yuhuangmiaooriginated swords with the adorned guard” and “Kingdom Zhongshan-originated swords with the adorned guard,” respectively. Yuhuangmiao-originated swords with an adorned guard that were first produced in the mid- Spring and Autumn period, which began to form Yuhuangmiao Culture, were affected by various other cultures, and made into new types of swords in combination with different cultural elements. An analysis focusing on the origin of Yuhuangmiao-originated swords with adorned guards confirmed that nomad-originated swords with adorned guards were divided into Qin-originated swords with adorned guards and Yuhuangmiao-originated swords with adorned guards, and there was a trend of a tradition that continued through Yuhuangmiao Culture and Kingdom Zhongshan.