bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Index of Farmers Applying Specialization and Diversification Farming System: Case Study of Vegetable Farmers in Kabupaten Agam
Authors: Almasdi Almasdi
Published: January 2019

The research aims to see the level of entrepreneurship of vegetable farmers in six sub-districts in Kabupaten Agam, particularly specialized and diversified vegetable farmer. The research is explanatory research, using 200 respondents taken by quota sampling proportionally. Farmer entrepreneurship level is measured using the Entrepreneurship Behavior Index (EBI). The result shows the overall level of entrepreneurship of vegetable farmers in six districts in Kabupaten Agam in the medium category that is equal to 69%,Â  Farmers who specialize in vegetable crops have higher levels of entrepreneurship than vegetable farmers who choose to diversified vegetable cultivation. The specialized vegetable farmerÂ  have greater degree of decision making ability compared to diversified vegetable farmer. Diversified vegetable farmer concerned more on economic motives than specialized farmer. Risk taking ability also revealed difference tendencyÂ  among specialized and diversified vegetable farmer. Specialized vegetable farmer have bigger information seekingÂ  capability, meanwhile diversified vegetable farmers are stronger for their leadership capability. The implications of this study that the entrepreneurial spirit vegetable growers is a variable that can provide reinforcement for the implementation of specialized cultivation systems. This means that if the entrepreneurial ability of farmers can be further improved, then with the application of specialized cultivation systems in vegetable crops, farmers will be able to create value-added products or produce derivative products from vegetable commodities produced.
HAK CIPTA SEBAGAI SUATU OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: Dharmapatni Luh Inggita
Published: January 2019

Copyright is the exclusive right of the creator that arise automatically based on the principle of declarative after an invention is embodied in a tangible form without prejudice to the restrictions in accordance with the provisions of the legislation. Copyright can be used as the object of fiduciary cause it has an economic value. Creditors are willing to give the debt to the debtor, if debtor can provide wealth to ensure smooth payment of debts. The object of fiduciary is not controlled by the creditor, but remains dominated by the debtor. There is no physical delivery of goods, only the economic rights of copyright can be transferred. Copyright may be encumbered by fiduciary guarantee provided that the encumbrance be put not over the copyrighted work, but on its economic value. In order to be secured under fiduciary claim, copyright must be registered with the Cirectorate General of Intellectual Property Rights
МАРКЕТИНГОВИЙ КОМПЛЕКСНО-ГАРМОНІЗАЦІЙНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО АШИНОБУДУВАННЯ
Authors: Shpomer Tetiana
Published: January 2019

У статті розкрито особливості застосування маркетингового комплексно-гармонізаційного механізму фінансового забезпечення інноваційного розвитку сільськогосподарського машинобудування. Наведено інноваційний ланцюг розвитку сільськогосподарського машинобудування, який вимагає комплексного інноваційного розвитку всіх складових вказаної підгалузі машинобудування: виробничої програми та техніко-технологічної бази виробництва, а також відображено механізм комплексного підходу до їх фінансового забезпечення.
Experimental investigations on tetrahydrofuran – methane – water system: Rapid methane gas storage in hydrates
Authors: Sai Kiran Burla , Sowjanya Kandadai , Prasad Pinnelli S.R. , Yoon Ji-Ho
Published: January 2019

This study reports methane (CH4) gas storage capacity along with TetraHydroFuran (THF) as guest molecules in mixed hydrates. This process has been studied in two reactors of 100 and 400 mL capacity, having 4.5 and 7.5 cm internal diameter respectively, in non-stirred configuration. Experiments were conducted in each reactor at constant initial gas pressure (7.5 MPa) and by increasing the height of the solution from 1 to 8 cm, resulting in volume scale-up factor of 5. The total CH4gas uptake (moles) passes through a maximum at around 50% volume of the reactor indicating a transition from gas-rich to solution rich conditions. Observed variations in gas uptake are within ±20% of the maximum, upon different solution volume from 35% to 70% of reactor’s volume. Another set of experiments were conducted keeping the amount of the solution constant and increasing gas pressure in the range of 0.5–11.0 MPa. The gas uptake increased upon an increase in the gas pressure, but this is at least 40% less compared to the theoretical estimate. The stirring of solution or addition of promoter (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, SDS) is also not effective in increasing the gas consumption. Kinetics of gas uptake, in both stirred and non-stirred conditions, are quicker and 90% of gas consumption occurs in an hour after the hydrate nucleation event.
Kajian Rantai Pasok Dan Pemasaran Daging Sapi Di Kabupaten Mempawah
Authors: Komariyati Ismareni, Ani Muani,
Published: January 2019

Beef  is one of the food products that have no nutritional value in other to meet protein needs for the community. Beef supply chain is a concept that has a regulatory system relating to product flow, financial flow and information flow which jointly working to create and deliver a product into the hands of end users in the process of distribution of beef cattle live into beef. This study aims not only to determine the flow of products, financial flows and the flow of information in the beef supply chain, but also to analysis the efficiency of the level marketing. The study used description and analysc whith proportional random sampling and snowball sampling methods. The data is this study have been analysis by using marketing efficiency analysis, marketing margin, analysis and farmers share as well as profitability index. The results of this study as follow : (1) there streams in the beef supply chain in Mempawah Regency such as product flow, financial flows and information flow are not working well optimally; (2) the distribution channel of beef supply chain in Mempawah Regency is efficient based on efficiency of marketing value, marketing margins are profitable, the value of FS > MP and PI values that show the value of profits earned.Keywords : Supply Chain, Beef, Marketing
Macrocellular Titanosilicate Monoliths as Highly Efficient Structured Olefin Epoxidation Catalysts
Authors: Smeets Valentin , Biggelaar Ludivine van den , Barakat Tarek , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Debecker Damien
Published: January 2019

Self-standing macrocellular titanosilicate monolith foams are obtained using a one-pot sol-gel route and show excellent performance in the epoxidation of cyclohexene. Thanks to the High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) templating method, the materials feature a high void fraction, a hierarchically porous texture and good mechanical strength. Highly dispersed Ti species can be incorporated in tetrahedral coordination the silica matrix. These characteristics allow the obtained ‘SiTi(HIPE)’ materials to reach high catalytic turnover in the epoxidation of cyclohexene. The monoliths can advantageously be used to run the reaction in continuous flow mode.
Instructed-Assembly as Context-Dependent Nanoscale Signals for Death and Morphogenesis of Cells
Authors: Wang Huaimin , Feng Zhaoqianqi , Xu Bing
Published: January 2019

Context-dependent signaling, as a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, is a dynamic molecular process at nano- and microscales, but how to mimic its essence using non-covalent synthesis in cellular environment has yet to be developed. Here we show a dynamic continuum of non-covalent filaments formed by instructed-assembly (iA) of a supramolecular phosphoglycopeptide (sPGP) as context-dependent signals for controlling death and morphogenesis of cells. Specifically, while enzymes (i.e., ectophosphatases) on cancer cells catalyze the formation of the filaments of the sPGP to result in cell death, damping the enzyme activity induces 3D cell spheroids. Similarly, relying on the ratio of stromal and cancer cells in a co-culture to modulate the expression of the ectophosphatase, the iA process enables cell spheroids. The spheroids act as a mimic of tumor microenvironment for drug screening. As the first demonstration of iA as multifunctional processes according to local enzyme activity for controlling cell behavior, this work illustrates context-dependent biological functions of non-covalent synthesis in cellular environment.
Optimization of PES Nanocomposite Membrane Preparation Using Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design
Authors: Orooji Yasin , Noorisafa Fatemeh , Imami Nahid , R. Chaharmahali Amir
Published: January 2019

Using experimental design and statistical analysis (½ Fractional Factorial Design), this study investigates the effect of different parameters in the membrane fabrication on the performance of nanocomposite PES/TiO2 membrane.
CORRUPTION AND STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe study examines the effect of corruption (using corruption perception index and Nigeria corruption ranking as proxies) on the stock market performance (proxied with share price index) in Nigeria. The study employed time series data spanning twenty years (1996-2016). Data availability especially on corruption indices was the major reason underlying the choice of period. The data were obtained from CBN Statistical Bulletin and Transparency International website. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the study used Multi-regression analysis and student t-test for the test of hypotheses.  The study finds a significant positive correlation between corruption and stock market performance in Nigeria.  The result reveals robust positive and significant relationships between Nigeria Corruption Ranking, Corruption perception index and Share price index.  The result of the study explains the integration of graft into the Nigerian economic system.  Therefore, adoption of a strong form of stock market efficiency by the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for actualization by all listed firms in Nigeria is hereby recommended.  In addition, we recommend that the Federal and State governments should formulate more result-oriented policies and rules that could help combat corruption more effectively.
CALORIMETRIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Ferreira Marcello , Silva Filho Olavo Leopoldino da , Nunes Daniel Sampaio , Faria Júnior Evaldo Vieira
Published: January 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta didática para o ensino da calorimetria no Ensino Fundamental, baseada nas potencialidades de uma Sequência de Ensino Investigativa (SEI). De acordo pressupostos teóricos de Piaget (1977; 1978) e Vygotsky (1984), e conforme os encaminhamentos de Carvalho (2012), a presente proposta se justifica pela necessidade de mudança de contexto de ensino de física, em que os conceitos, as fórmulas e as Leis, comumente transmitidos e replicados, dão lugar a um ambiente investigativo de construção dos conhecimentos científicos de caráter coletivo, socializado e problematizado. Identificamos que o ensino por investigação, tal como o desenvolvido nesta proposta, se apresenta como uma metodologia eficaz para a promoção de uma cultura científica e, consequentemente, da alfabetização científica, mobilizando conhecimentos, atitudes e valores importantes para a aprendizagem em Física.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE INÉRCIA EM UMA COMUNIDADE INVESTIGATIVA
Authors: Silva Filho Olavo Leopoldino da , Ferreira Marcello , Pereira Eduardo Divino Miranda , Cruzeiro Wendell Da Silva
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma sequência didática produzida para fornecer um aporte teórico e histórico para o professor que ensina inércia aos estudantes da primeira série do Ensino Médio. A incorporação conceitual ocorrida deve marcar os indivíduos de forma significativa e, para tal, buscou-se o entrelaçamento da teoria da aprendizagem de Ausubel com a metodologia das comunidades investigativas propostas por Lipman. Trabalhar com tirinhas e histórias em quadrinhos é uma forma de ambientar o estudante ao conceito, conforme proposto por Ausubel, uma vez que, ao visualizar a imagem proposta, o indivíduo resgata lembranças de suas vivências que se assemelham à situação apresentada. As avaliações da sequência didática apontaram um aprimoramento conceitual em relação aos indicadores iniciais.
EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION OF EQUATIONS’ ADEQUACY OF GEOMETRIC CONNECTIONS IN THE MUNICIPAL MACHINE WITH THE BRUSH WORKING BODY PARALLELOGRAPHIC SUSPENSION
Authors: Ignatov S. D. , Tsekhosh S. I.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. The authors arise the question of increasing the efficiency of the municipal machine. Moreover, the influence of the clamping force of the brush body on the surface and on the brush deterioration and, as a consequence, on the quality of the roadway cleaning is highlighted in the article.Methods and materials. The results of the changing process of the brushing tool vertical coordinate in the municipal machine were presented, depending on the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder rod. The analysis of the existing types of the brushing working body suspension was carried out. As a result of such analysis, the authors established the most frequent usage of the three-point and parallelogram suspensions, the schemes of which were also presented in the article.Results. The equations of geometrical connections of the municipal machine elements, which could be used in mathematical model, are presented. In addition, the kinematic diagram of the municipal machine with the brush working body suspension is drawn up. Therefore, the  presented model takes into account such parameters as the length of the levers’ arms, the linear movements of the hinges, the rod stroke, the levers’ angles and the distances between the hinges. The methods and the course of the experiment for determining the displacement dependence of the brush body from the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder rod are described. The authors also present the photographs of the experimental research fragments.Discussion and conclusions. On the basis of the obtained data, the authors construct the experimental and theoretical dependences’ graph of the brush body displacement and the actuator hydraulic cylinder rod displacement. The analysis of such graphs confirms the adequacy of the geometric constraint equations and also proves that these equations could be used in the mathematical model of the position controlling process of the brush operating body and also for determination the optimum value of the brush working element clamping force to the surface.
INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE FORMATION OF THE AGRO-FOOD MARKET IN THE METROPOLIS SUBURBAN AREAS: CHARACTERISTICS, DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS
Authors: Zadvorneva E. P. , Zinich A. V. , Evdokhina O. S.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. The article describes the prospects for competitive advantages’ development of wholesale and distribution centers as the necessary agro-food complex infrastructure in the metropolis suburban area. Moreover, agro-food complex’s role in the formation of the modern institutional environment of suburban agriculture is also discussed.Materials and methods. The causal relations of the need for the formation and functioning of the agrofood complex institutional environment in the suburban area, the creation of the internal food mechanism to the needy segments of the population are substantiated. The authors use monographic, statistical, graphic and expert methods in the research.Results. The authors justify the suggestions to create an institutional environment for the functioning of enterprises and organizations, which are included in the system of internal food aid to the population. 

Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the mechanism for the infrastructure development of the metropolis agro-food complex, based on the resource potential assessment of the food market in the suburban area, is presented. In addition, the recommendations on the development of modern institutions that provide food to the population of the metropolis in the current restrictions of state agriculture support after the accession of Kazakhstan to the WTO are made. Moreover, the creation of the mechanism for managing the infrastructure provision of the agro-food market in the metropolis suburban area, based on the interaction of agents in the system of economic relations, the Executive authorities of the metropolis, district administrations of territorial entities, business structures and science is proposed.
Effect of augmented verbal and visual feedback on efficiency in skiing teaching
Authors: Martínez Juan Carlos , Gómez-López Pablo Jesús , Femia Pedro , Mayorga-Vega Daniel , Viciana Jesús
Published: January 2019

The aims of this study were to analyse the effect of two feedback types as strategies in training ski teachers and to verify their effectiveness in the students’ learning. Thirty ski teachers participated in the study (average age=32.0±5.4 years; average experience in ski teaching=10.0±3 years). The teachers were divided into two experimental groups (group I: verbal feedback; group II: visual and verbal feedback) and one control group. Fifteen teaching trials were performed by each teacher, and a subsequent instructional supervision meeting was carried out in order to analyse quality of feedbacks delivered during the trial. A total of 180 high school students participated in the study as ski learners. During the instructional supervision meeting, the teachers were guided towards a previously established theoretical model of feedback used as the evaluation criterion. The ARIMA analysis of the time series showed changes in baseline teacher behaviour (group II came closer to the model established and concentrated better than group I; both experimental groups were better than the control group). The results of the analysis of variance for the comparison of students’ learning were also in the same direction: the students of group II teachers obtained better results than their peers of group I, and both experimental group’s students were better than those pertaining to the control group. We recommend using the criteria of the feedback model in order to achieve better quality of teacher training in skiing.
Effects of a steps/day programme with evaluation in physical education on body mass index in schoolchildren 11-12 years of age
Authors: Grao-Cruces Alberto , Ruiz-López Rafael , Moral-García José-Enrique , Ruiz-Ariza Alberto , Martínez-López Emilio J.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to assess the effects that a steps/day programme may have on body mass index (BMI) among primary education students (11.37±0.48 years). A six-week controlled trial with a follow-up was completed with an experimental group (N=66, pedometer + steps/day programme + reinforcement programme in their physical education (PE) marks + weekly follow-up in PE), and a control group (N=76). Omron HJ-152-E2 pedometers were used. Normoweight students complied with programme requirements to a greater extent than their overweight counterparts (72.7 vs 59.1%). The programmed minimum number of 12,000 steps/day for boys and 10,000 for girls was exceeded by 83% of boys and 60% of girls. The differences in the number of steps/day between boys (14,274) and girls (10,626) were significant across all the measured periods (p<.05). The results show that the teenagers who complied with the programme requirements reduced their BMI significantly after the intervention (p<.001) and this reduction persisted for six weeks after the programme (p<.001). In conclusion, the six-week programme of 12,000 steps/day for boys and 10,000 for girls, jointly with a reinforcement programme in their PE marks and weekly follow-up by their PE teacher, reduces BMI significantly in 11-12-year-old schoolchildren. Monitored steps/day programmes in the PE curriculum increase out-of-school physical activity and reduce BMI in 11-12-year-old schoolchildren.
Effects of team timeouts on the teams’ scoring performance
in elite handball close games
Authors: Prieto Jaime , Gómez Miguel-Ángel , Volossovitch Anna , Sampaio Jaime
Published: January 2019

This study identified temporal effects (immediate, short-term, and medium-term effect) of team timeouts on elite handball scoring performance in reference to several situational variables that may influence performance: match status, game location, quality of the opposition, game period, and game type. The sample consisted of 646 team timeouts from 142 close games (score differences less than or equal to five goals) of the 2011/2012 men’s Spanish Professional Handball League (ASOBAL League). For each team timeout, the goals scored and conceded within the previous and post timeout 1st, 3rd and 5th ball possessions were recorded for the teams that called a timeout and for their opponents. Multiple linear regression models were used for analysis. The results showed positive effects on goals scored for the teams that called a timeout, with increases of 0.59, 1.40 and 1.85 goals for the periods within the previous and post team timeout 1st, 3rd and 5th ball possessions. Conversely, significant negative effects on goals scored were found for the opposing teams, with decreases of 0.59, 1.43 and 2.04 goals for the same periods, respectively. Unexpectedly, the influence of situational variables on scoring performance of the teams was only registered for certain game periods. These findings could be useful for a better team timeout management during games and competitions.
Comparison of block versus weekly undulating periodization models on endocrine and strength changes in male athletes
Authors: Bartolomei Sandro , Hoffman Jay R. , Stout Jeffrey R. , Zini Maddalena , Stefanelli Claudio , Merni Franco
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the hormonal and strength responses to different periodization models of resistance training in male athletes. Eighteen experienced resistance trained males were randomly assigned to either a block (BP; n=10; age: 23.7±2.9 yr; body mass: 78.5±11.3 kg; height: 1.77±0.05 m) or weekly undulating (WUP; n=8; age: 26.0±5.7 y; body mass: 78.9±12.4 kg; height: 1.79±0.05 m) periodized resistance training program. Both programs consisted of four-training sessions per week for 15 weeks, and each was equated for training volume. Analysis of variance was used to compare strength performance and changes in hormone response between groups. Salivary samples were taken before and after the first and the last workout of each mesocycle of the training program and assessed for testosterone (T) and cortisol (C). Maximal strength testing occurred before and after the 15-week training program. A greater increase (p=.040) in bench press strength was observed in BP compared to WUP, while no between group differences were noted for lower body isometric strength (p=.168) and lean body mass (p=.344). Significant elevations in T were seen in both groups following the power training phase, while no differences were noted between BP and WUP during any other training cycle. Results indicated that BP stimulated greater gains in upper body strength compared to WUP. In addition, the power phase of training may provide a greater anabolic hormone response.
Football match officials do not attain maximal sprinting speed during matches
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Cámara Jesús , Castellano Julen , Yanci Javier
Published: January 2019

The aims of this study were, first, to analyse the differences between referees and assistant referees in 20- and 30-metre straight line sprinting test performance and in the maximum speeds registered in football matches; and, second, to analyse the differences between the maximum speeds registered in matches and in the straight line sprinting test. Twenty referees from the Spanish Third Football Division participated in this study. Participants were classified as field referees (FR; n=12, age=30.0±6.7 years; body height=178.1±6.6 cm; body mass=73.7±8.3 kg; BMI=23.2±1.8 kg·m-2) and assistant referees (AR; n=8, age=26.0±7.9 years; body height=177.2±7.3 cm; body mass=75.1±8.8 kg; BMI=23.9±3.1 kg·m-2). The maximum speed of each referee during an official competition match (Vmax match) and during a straight line sprint test (SLST) (Vmax 30 m sprint) was recorded using a global positioning system (GPS). The results show that no significant differences were found between FR and AR in the SLST (p>.05, d=.13-.14). However, large effect sizes were found in the maximum speeds recorded in matches (p<.076, d=.96). Furthermore, the maximum speeds of the FR and AR in the matches were significantly lower than the maximum speeds registered in the 30-m SLST (p<.01, d=2.32-2.51). Bearing in mind that field referees and assistant referees do not achieve the maximum speed registered in a 30-metre sprint test in actual football matches, the performance in such accreditation tests does not reflect the characteristics of actions they perform during matches.
Pedal force asymmetries and performance during a 20-km cycling time trial
Authors: Bini Rodrigo R. , Jacques Tiago C. , Sperb Carlos H. , Lanferdini Fábio J. , Vaz Marco A.
Published: January 2019

It is unclear if applying larger or more symmetrical pedal forces leads to better performance in cycling. The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between pedal force production and performance in a cycling time trial and to evaluate the relationship between asymmetries in pedal force production and performance. Fifteen competitive cyclists/triathletes performed a 20 km cycling time trial on a cycle trainer while bilateral forces applied to the pedals were recorded along with total time. Total forces applied to the pedals were computed and converted into dominant and non-dominant forces using a leg preference inventory. Pedal force asymmetries ranged from 43% (in favour of the dominant limb) to 34% (in favour of the non-dominant limb). The relationship between total pedal force (averaged from both pedals) and performance time was small (r=-.32, effect size=.66) as well as the association between the asymmetry indices and performance time (r=.01, effect size=.06). In conclusion, applying large forces on the pedals and balancing pedal force application between the dominant and non-dominant limbs did not lead to better performance in this cycling time trial.
Test-retest reliability of electromyographic signal parameters used to evaluate neuromuscular fatigue in quadriceps femoris muscle
Authors: Rocha da Silva Cristiano , de Oliveira Silva Danilo , Valdir Briani Ronaldo , Ferraz Pazzinatto Marcella , Ferrari Deisi , Mícolis de Azevedo Fábio
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the test-retest reliability of the median frequency (MDF) and root mean square (RMS) used to determine the onset of neuromuscular fatigue (NF) during sustained fatiguing contractions of the quadriceps. Eighteen healthy men were tested on two days, and electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) during sustained isometric contractions at 20 and 70% of maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) held until exhaustion. The reliability of endurance time was excellent at 20% MVC and poor at 70% MVC. EMG variables were evaluated: (1) at the beginning of the test; (2) at NF; and (3) at the end of the test. The NF time values presented poor reliability. The MDF has shown, in general, poor reliability at 20 and 70% MVC, whereas the RMS reliability presented better results for both loads, especially for RF, followed by the VM and VL muscles. The MDF and RMS values extracted from NF showed poor reliability at 20 and 70% MVC, which suggests caution in using these variables extracted from the EMG signal to determine the onset of NF.
Evaluation of Water Erosion in Sugarcane Crops Using Erosion Plots and Photo Comparison Technics
Authors: Corrêa Edvania Aparecida , Moraes Isabel Cristina , Pinto Sergio dos Anjos Ferreira , Lupinacci Cenira Maria
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate processes of water erosion in sugarcane crops using experimental plots and photo comparison technics. Soil losses were quantified in four erosion monitoring plots located in two watersheds in the center-east region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Soil physical and chemical analysis were performed, and precipitation and slope data were collected. These data were analyzed together with soil vegetation cover indexes obtained from the classification of digital photographs. Photo comparison and classification methods were used to follow the sugarcane crop development, and quantify and qualify the soil cover. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soils caused lower vegetation development and greater soil susceptibility to erosive processes. The management of the sugarcane crops evaluated were inadequate; physical and slope limitations of the soils that compose the landscapes were not considered. Sugarcane areas are expanding in the state of São Paulo, and the months with higher rainfall rates coincide with the periods in which this crop is not covering the soil, thus, adopting adequate soil management practices, and land use planning is necessary.
Steps Towards Uruguay’s Next Political and Economic Insertion into the World
Authors: Bandera Joaquin Bardallo
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the democratic stability, political role of the current president, economic growth and social programs that are a part and puzzle of the country, Uruguay. This paper presents an overview of how Uruguay today is ready to take the next step in economic and social development, and to insert itself as a stable democratic country in both the Latin American region and the world.
Mexico’s Political Militarization Returns
Authors: Bandera Joaquin Bardallo
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses the unprecedented militarization of the Mexican government under the current presidency of Felipe Calderón Hinojosa. This paper presents an overview of the military infringement upon civil control that has existed since 2006 in Mexico and continues to exist due to various factors that will be discussed in this essay, such as: The United States’ strong military influence over the Mexican Armed Forces, the use of the military as a substitute for a failing presidential legitimacy, the use of ‘fuero militar’ to abuse civilians’ human rights and lastly, the Mexican government’s decision to use the military as the only possible solution to intervene and eliminate the drug cartels.
Respecting Human Rights: Does Treaty Ratification Lead to Compliance?
Authors: St. Pierre Daniel
Published: January 2019

Since the nonbinding Universal Declaration of Human Rights, states have created treaties and conventions to outline what is or is not acceptable regarding the treatment of human beings, with the understanding that if a state signs and ratifies these documents then that state will comply with the principles outlined within it.  Time and again however, compliance, or the lack thereof, has presented as a concern amongst many states, as well as non-state actors.  The issue of compliance is a serious one because it speaks to credibility.  If states do not anticipate compliance from one another it undermines the entire international system and any structure that has been created to address the anarchic nature of international relations will dissolve.  In order to make analysis of this massive issue area manageable, I focus on state compliance with human rights law and more specifically, compliance with the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 1989, or C169.  Both Brazil and Argentina have signed and ratified C169 and both are democratic with indigenous populations.  Comparing these two states it allows us to better ascertain the circumstances under which states may comply with or defect from international human rights law.  I provide an overview on what rationalist theories suggest about compliance, followed by constructivist views.  I then outline my position before examining the results of the case study and assessing its’ impact as related to both theory and my arguments.  Ultimately, I find that notwithstanding ratification and well-developed democratic institutions that allow for a strong civil society to participate in politics, there are still circumstances wherein a state will defect from a human rights treaty because the gain of doing so outweighs the cost of non-compliance.
Methodological Shortcomings in Hannah Arendt’s Conceptualization of Totalitarianism
Authors: Kalashnikov Antony
Published: January 2019

The political philosopher Hannah Arendt was partly responsible for popularizing the term 'totalitarianism'. In doing so, Arendt followed a historically-grounded, analytical approach, methodically deriving the concept from the cases of Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. This essay will argue that Arendt’s conceptualization of totalitarianism is imperfect, because of some crucial methodological shortcomings in her analysis. In demonstrating this, I will briefly explicate Arendt's methodology and argument, and critique her concept in so far as it is: grounded in too few cases, the cases are dubiously linked, and the analysis is heedless of a functionalist understanding of ideology.
Aboriginal Representation in Canada: Reforming Parliament or Creating a Third Order of Government
Authors: Valberg Ashley
Published: January 2019

In Canada, aboriginals are constantly searching for proper representation, voice and place within in society at large and more specifically, in the parliamentary system. This paper critically examines the creation and maintenance of a place for aboriginals within contemporary Canadian governance, specifically two venues for aboriginal represent in Canada: representation through parliamentary reform or self-government by Aboriginal groups.
One Nation under God: The Religious Right and the Separation of Church and State in the United States
Authors: Archibald Graeme
Published: January 2019

In the increasingly polarised debate that is American politics, religion and religious belief has garnered a significant amount of attention in recent years, particularly `on the right-wing of the political spectrum. Despite the separation of Church and State expressly laid out in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, many Republican politicians and faith-based organisations reject the idea of a secular United States and instead assert the supremacy of Judeo-Christian values in the American political discourse. This paper seeks to examine the activities of right-wing Christian political organisations, who oppose Church/State separation and their connections to U.S. politicians, as well as the deeper causes of the Religious Right’s staunch opposition to the Establishment Clause.
Infrared non-invasive sub-wavelength microscopy with metamaterials
Authors: Newman Ward D
Published: January 2019

I demonstrate that hyperbolic metamaterials may provide the solution to the long-standing prob- lem of the fundamental diffraction limit plaguing conventional microscopy and optical imaging sys- tems. Presented here is the formalism of the theory, classical electrodynamics, used to describe the diffraction limit and sub-wavelength imaging using hyperbolic metamaterials. Effective medium theory is then derived and put forth as a design method for such hyperbolic metamaterials. I then outline the design of a planar device based on a hyperbolic metamaterial for use in infrared mi- croscopy, and present numerical simulations to demonstrate the behaviour and performance of the device. The device employs multilayers of InGaAs/AlInAs and is capable of sub-diffraction imaging resolution in the wavelength range of 8.8 - 10.5 μm. I show that high spatial frequency waves, which normally decay in vacuum, are allowed to propagate and reach the far-field in a hyperbolic meta- material. Using a Green’s function formalism to describe optical sources, sub-wavelength imaging capabilities of hyperbolic metamaterials is shown. Finally, potential device applications using the designed metamaterial are motivated.
Determining a Relation between X-ray Luminosity and Orbital Period of X-ray Binaries
Authors: Naffin Tyler
Published: January 2019

The goal of this project was to examine the relationship between the average x-ray luminosity and the orbital period of x-ray binaries.  Using the data gathered by the All-Sky Monitor instrument aboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, 29 sources were selected for investigation based on the intensity of the x-rays emitted from each of the sources.  A literature search was then performed to gather further details on each of the sources, including orbital period, distance, hydrogen column density, and classification of each source as either low- or high-mass x-ray binaries with either neutron star or black hole companions.  Sufficient data for 22 of the sources was known in order to create plots of the average luminosity versus the period, which allowed for the period-luminosity relationships for x-ray binaries to be further examined.
Examining Eating Habits of Undergraduate Psychology Students
Authors: Salvisberg Wendy , Tom Peter , Ziolkowski Sandra
Published: January 2019

The current study examined the relationship between parenting styles, eating and dieting behaviors, and self-esteem in undergraduate psychology students. Standardized assessments of eating and dieting behaviors, parent care and control, and self-esteem were collected from 99 undergraduate psychology students in November 2012. Expected associations of parent care and control with undergraduate students’ eating and dieting habits and self-esteem were not found; however, results indicating the influence of mother care and father control on potential eating disorder diagnosis and self-esteem were discovered. Together, these results suggest that more research is needed to explore other characteristics of parenting that may be more related to unhealthy eating and dieting behaviours and self-esteem.
Giant Steps In The Interpretation Of A Musical PDP Network
Authors: Hathaway Joshua , Dawson Michael R. W.
Published: January 2019

We first introduce the notion of chord progressions by describing a particular example (the II-V-I) that is related to the Coltrane changes. Second, we describe the Coltrane changes using a formalism derived from previous musical investigations with neural networks (Yaremchuk & Dawson, 2005, 2008). Finally, we describe how we trained a neural network to generate the Coltrane changes, how we analyzed its internal structure, and the implications of this interpretation. In particular, we discovered that a network represented transitions between chords in a fashion that could be described in terms of a new musical formalism that we had not envisioned. In short, this paper shows that the interpretation of the internal structure of a musical network can provide new formalisms for representing musical regularities, and can suggest new directions for representational research on musical cognition.
Immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) liquid chromatography as a model for antimicrobial peptide partitioning into cell membranes: An evaluation
Authors: Benesch Matthew , Lewis Ruthvnen , McElhaney Ronald
Published: January 2019

Non-covalent immobilized artificial membrane reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography was previously evaluated as a means whereby elution times for antimicrobial peptides from columns mimicking the lipid bilayers of different membrane systems might be used as a fast-screening method to compare relative binding effectiveness. Such a system would aid in the development of antimicrobial peptides that bind preferentially to model pathogenic systems and leave the host’s membranes reasonably unaffected. A non-covalent approach allows for flexibility in membrane composition but was found to be inadequate for analysis of most peptides due to significant lipid loss at high acetonitrile concentrations. A covalent approach where phosphatidylcholine was amide-linked to the silica surface was examined to evaluate its use as a fast-screening method and compare its data to that collected from the non-covalent columns. Initial work with a 1-cm column proved ineffective due to problems with balancing flow rates with retention times, and work was shifted to a longer 10-cm column. Results suggested that peptides bind much more strongly to covalent columns than non-covalent ones, with the binding especially enhanced by the presence of cationic residues. These columns had lipid packing densities much lower than true membranes, indicating that the peptides were partitioning deep into the bonded phase of the columns rather than into the interfacial region of the phosphate head groups, as expected in situations of biologically-relevant lipid packing densities.
The Concept of Tabarruj in the Qur’an according to Muslim Commentators
Authors: Wati Mirna , Saputra Hasep
Published: January 2019

Today there are still many Muslimah dressed not in accordance with the rules in the Islamic religion. Good dress habits must be planted early so that the Muslimah get used to and make Islamic dress codes entrenched in society. Tabarruj is a woman's style of dress or attitude that is excessive in order to attract the attention of others when she comes out of her house, deliberately showing the beauty of her face and body and waving her way so that she can see the jewelry in front of other people. the Aim of this research is to know the understanding of paragraph about tabarruj in the Qur'an, inside about rule dressed up or be decorated for woman. In this study the researcher used library research with the method of maudhu'i of interpretation which collects verses of the Quran based on the topic or theme set by all the verses collected based on the period of decline, then studied in depth and thoroughly from various aspects that can be explored, then pay attention to these verses with explanations and relationships with other verses. The Results show that tabarruj in the Qur'an is style dressed up or attitudes woman on purpose interesting other people's attention when she go out from her house and show her beauty.
METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA);
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Shahbaz , Naqvi Abbas , Sharaz Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Background:Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the notorious bugs to cause nosocomial human infections worldwide. However its prevalence and susceptibility pattern quite varies in hospitals among different countries or within same country.Objectives: To study the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolated from pus sample.Study Design: Cross sectional study.Period:6 months. Setting:Tertiary care hospital of district Rahim Yar Khan -Punjab, Pakistan at its microbiology laboratory.Materials and Methods:A total 100 clinical specimen of pus and wounds were collected from various indoor and outdoor department of this institute. .The Staphylococcus aureus was identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram’s stain, and biochemical tests.Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was done according to CLSI guidelines.Results:Out of 100 clinical sample of pus and wounds, 21 coagulase positive staph. aureus were isolated, 14 (66.7%) strains were found to be methicillin resistant and 07(33.3%) were found to be methicillin sensitive. Higher percentage of MRSA was isolated from surgical unit (66.7%), indicating its nosocomial source of spread. Maximum resistance to MRSA isolate were developed to Amoxicillin/ clavulinic acid (80%) followed by ofloxacin(71%), cefoxitin (66.7%), tetracycline (58%), Ciprofloxacin (48%), Erthromycin (46%) andAmikacin (40%).However, all strainswere sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion: There is high frequency of resistance among coagulase positive Methicillin resistant staph.aureus.Regular surveillance of hospital-associated infection and frequent monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is required to reduce MRSA prevalence.
HEMODIALYSIS;
Authors: Mehmood Yasir , Ali Imran , Zahra Kainat , Ashraf Umair
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Hemodialysis is the most common method - used to remove waste and toxic substances from the body, hence it is used to treat patients of different types of renal failure. Upto 1960s, attempts were made to reduce the side/adverse effects associated with hemodialysis and to make hemodialysis an effective therapy. Now-a-days many advanced and sophisticated dialysis machines have been designed which make dialysis therapy more convenient and promising. Hemodialysis therapy requires complete coordination between the health care team which includes nephrologists, dietitian, nurse, technician and social worker. Patient and his/her family also coordinate the procedure to make hemodialysis more effective. But even with the use of modern and effective dialysis machines for therapy patients may still suffer from different types of complications.Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe those complications and also their management during and after dialysis. Place and conducted year:Data was collected by convenience sampling technique in local hospital of LahoreinDecember, 2016. Study design: Retrospective approach was used and notices the case history of 100 patients.Methods:Retrospective approach was used and the case history of 100 patients (from morning and evening shifts) who had hemodialysis over a 1-5 year period was noted. Demographic and clinical data of patients who died during dialysis were compared to the control group comprised of the survivors of hemodialysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS IBM version 16. Result:In this study it was observed that patients may suffer from various complications. 38% patients suffered from hypotension, 13% patients suffered from cramps, Itching was observed in 15% of patients, Vomiting was observed in 18% of the patients and in 5% patients dialysis reaction was observed. In order to manage these complications normal saline and 5% dextrose were administered to the patients. Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate was administered intravenously in order to manage dialyzer reaction and session was postponed. Although hemodialysis is beneficial but it poses certain risks as well.Conclusion:Hemodialysis is associated with various life threatening complications however these complications occur in low frequency and these can be managed and prevented by various protective therapies by health care team and medical staff.
HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA;
Authors: Siyal Ali Akbar , Shah Juveriya , Taqi Tabinda , Haider Sania
Published: January 2019

Objectives:The main objective of this study was to look at the burden of neonates, who develop hyperbilirubinemia and the cause of hyperbilirubenemia in these neonates.Setting: Neonatal Unit of Pediatric Ward of PMC Hospital, Nawabshah. Study Design:Observational study.Period:Jan 2016 to December 2016. Materials and Methods:Total 194 neonates were found to have hyperbilirubinemia, out of 2863 babies admitted during this period. Files of these neonates were taken and following data was extracted regarding total, direct and indirect bilirubin, blood groups and Rh typing. In selected cases following investigations were also done: TORCH profile, Urine D/R, Thyroid profile and Ultrasound abdomen.Result:194 babies out of 2863 admissions in neonatal unit were treated as hyperbilirubinemia. 108 babies were male and 86 were females. Regarding the gestational age, 56 babies were preterm and 138 were full term babies.Among various causes of hyperbilirubinemia, physiological jaundice was seen in 109 patients, 22 were having direct hyperbilirubinemia, 36 were due to blood group incompatibility, 15 were due to birth injuries, 4 were having hypothyroidism and 2 were labeled as breast milk jaundice. In 6 patients no single cause was pointed out.Conclusion:Hyperbilirubinemia is still a main cause for admissions in NICU, among the causes of hyperbilirubinemia physiologic jaundice was most common. Prematurity predisposes to aggravating hyperbilirubinemia and its complications.