bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adding Aloe Vera Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of Lab-Grown Yogurt
Authors: Khalel Angham Munther , Salih Ghazwan Mahdy , Al-Janabi Ahmed Muhsin
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the Department of Food Sciences - College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit to estimate the chemical and physical properties of yogurt prepared by adding aloe vera extract. The yogurt was made in a laboratory by following the standard method, where the manufactured yogurt was fortified with different concentrations of aloe vera extract (5, 4, 3, 2, 1%). Chemical tests were carried out, which included (estimation of protein, moisture, fat, ash and total solids), as well as physical tests, which included (estimation of viscosity, pH, turbidity, whey translucency, water binding strength and acidity). The results showed an increase in total solids through an increase in the percentage of protein, moisture, ash, turbidity, water binding strength and viscosity, while the percentage of whey permeation and pH decreased. These results are consistent with the results of the samples obtained after storage, as the study helped to improve the physicochemical properties by increasing the concentrations of the main chemical compounds of the laboratory-made yogurt.
Study of the Physiochemical and Sensory Properties of Therapeutic Low-Cholesterol Yoghurt Fortified with Zinc Nanoparticles
Authors: Radi U. M. Abbas , Doosh K. S.
Published: December 2023

The objective of this research is to develop a yoghurt enriched with B-cyclodextrin-based nano-coated, uncoated, and low-cholesterol additives. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of fortification on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yoghurt. This will be achieved by fortifying raw milk with varying concentrations of nano-zinc., which are 15, 7.5, 3.75 mg / 100 mL The treatments T4, T3, and T2 are denoted as such,, along with the treatment. of yogurt fortified with zinc nanoparticles, which is not coated, represents the treatment T1 and the control treatment, denoted as C, involved the production of yoghurt using milk as the primary ingredient. that was not fortified with zinc nanoparticles. Chemical, physical and rheological tests were conducted in addition to sensory the evaluation will be conducted promptly following the completion of manufacturing and subsequent storage at a controlled temperature range of (1 ± 5) degrees Celsius for a duration of 21 days. The findings indicated that there were no statistically significant disparities in the levels of fat, protein and ash. As for the values of moisture and carbohydrates there were notable disparities observed between the control treatment and the remaining treatments. The total acidity and pH values exhibited minimal variation across all yoghurt treatments. Yogurt treatments fortified with nano-encapsulated zinc were characterized by lower values in ADV and pV. The addition of zinc to yoghurt resulted in enhancements in rheological properties, specifically in terms of spontaneous whey perfusion and viscosity. The experimental group achieved higher scores and demonstrated superior performance in all sensory characteristics when compared to the control treatment, denoted as treatment C.
Extraction and Purification Nisin from Lactobacillus lactis and Determine the Optimal Conditions for its Production and Evaluation its Effectiveness in Food Preservation
Authors: Al-Juboory Yassien Hussain Owaied , Al-Dulaimi Dalia Abdul Razzaq Awad , Mahmood Asmaa Easa
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to purify and extract nisim from Lactobacillus lactis that diagnosed in the Laboratory of Microbiology in the Department of pathological analysis/College of Applied Sciences-Samara University. The optimal conditions for the production of nisin were determined, the optimal medium was De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS). As for the PH, the results showed that the best pH for the production of nisin was at pH 5, the optimum temperatures was 30° C. As for the incubation period and circumference, the highest productivity of the nisin was 18 hours. The nisin was purified using ammonium sulfate to precipitate nisin, which is one of the initial steps to purify proteins, and then the deposited protein was passed after its dilution and concentrated in the Ion Exchange column. The ability of the extracted and purified nisin in the biopreservation of meat was determined when it was added at different concentrations (25%, 50%, 100%). The concentration of 100% was the most appropriate concentration in biopreservation based on the absence of contamination in the meat during the first three days and the low numbers of bacteria from the fourth day to the seventh day, there were significant differences between the numbers of bacteria at the level of probability (P < 0.05) for samples of meat stored in refrigeration.
Preparing a Beef Burger by Partially Replacing Veal with some Grain Crops and Studying its Chemical Properties
Authors: Salih Nathem A. , Mohammed Mohammed J. , Khader Zaid K.
Published: December 2023

Meat and its products are distinguished from the food that the consumer wants to eat because of its unique taste and its richness in nutrients that provide the best quality in terms of protein, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and a number of minerals and vitamins, especially the vitamin B group. is considered harmful to health, and that its consumption is linked to many diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and other types of cancer. The results also indicate that these products converge in their protein content with meat protein, with good levels of carbohydrates, which makes these products converge in terms of protein with proteins. An ideal food with high energy levels, vegetable proteins and vegetable fats low in triglycerides. The use of oats, millet and barley powder resulted in a significant decrease in the content of cholesterol, triglycerides, fat and calories, compared with the processed and commercial buckwheat. There is an increase in the ability to carry water and the percentage of moisture in the substitution treatments with powdered oats, millet and barley, and these characteristics improve the juiciness of the product.
Use of Vegetables in the Manufacture of Burgers Compared with Beef Burgers and the Study of Chemical Properties
Authors: Salih Nathem A. , Mohammed Mohammed J. , Khader Zaid K.
Published: December 2023

The study aimed and reached the manufacture of natural bovine burgers that contain a good proportion of protein, fat and ash, while it was noted that the vegetable burgers (eggplant and zucchini) gave a product low in fat and protein as well as in carbohydrates, which is beneficial to the nutrition of obese people as well as a high level of protein in the blood. Meat and its products are distinguished from the food that the consumer wants to eat because of its unique taste and its richness in nutrients that provide the best quality in terms of protein, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and a number of minerals and vitamins, especially the vitamin B group. is considered harmful to health, and that its consumption is linked to many diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and other types of cancer.
Phenols and Flavonoids as an Indicator for Selecting the most Suitable Solvent for Resveratrol Flavonoid Extraction
Authors: Al-Tememi Hajir F. , Al-Janabi Nidhal M.
Published: December 2023

Grape juice residues were purchased from a shop selling grape guice in Baghdad then washed with tap water and dried in oven(40-50) °C some samples were milling during the experiment and others were left without milling, ethanol, methanol with concentration 70, 80, 90%, boiled distilled water and ethyl acetate were used by maceration the boiling water extract (BWE) was characterized by the highest concentration of phenols then methanol extract (ME90%) and ethanol extract (EE80%) 41.70, 40.50 and 23.27 mg/gm respectively for the milled samples while methanol 70% was the most solvent for the unground samples then ethanol 80% and methanol 90% with phenols 33.08, 27.17 and 23.84 mg/gm respectively also the BWE was superior to the ground samples and ME 70% for the unground 0.12 and 0.13 respectively the concentration of phenols55.47mg/gm increased to and flavonoids to 0.55mg/gm with assist extraction microwave in ground samples the resveratrol crystals appeared rhomboid and irregular with peal brown color the retention time 4.90 min and for standard 4.89 min.
The Effect of Different Concentrations of Copper Spray on the Qualitative Characteristics on Five Cultivars of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ghaffar Rawaa Abdul , Muhammad Enas Ismail
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at the research station of the Field Crops Department of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit during the winter agricultural season (2022-2023) to study the effect of spraying four different concentrations of copper (0, 5, 10 and 15) mg.L-1 on traits. The specificity of five cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are (Ibaa 99, Babel 113, Bohuth 10, Bohuth 22 and Adana). The experiment was designed with a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and a split-plate system with three replications. nine characteristics are (moisture, protein, wet gluten, dry gluten, specific weight, flour extraction, percentage of copper in grains, starch and ash). The results indicate that the interaction between Bohuth 22 and a concentration of 15 mg L-1 was superior in the characteristics of each of (protein, dry gluten, specific weight, copper percentage in grains, flour extraction), whose values were (17.03%, 19.04%, 80.20 hl-1, 3.91 mg.kg-1 and 76.25%), respectively, while the interaction between the cultivar Babel 113 with a concentration of 15 mg.L-1 excelled in average moisture, which amounted to (12.33%), and Bohuth 10 with comparison in average starch, which amounted to (63.52%). The variety Babel 113, with a concentration of 10 mg.L-1, overlapped in the average ash, which reached (1.6867%).
Determination of the Effect of Oral Dosage of Labna Product Supplemented with Fe3O4 Conjugated with Chitosan Nanoparticles on Growth Parameters, Liver and Kidney Parameters in Anaemic Rats Induced by Phenylhydrazine
Authors: Attia Hossam Rashad , Thalij Karakz Mohamed
Published: December 2023

The research aims to investigate the effect of Fe3O4-NPs and its conjugated with chitosan nanoparticles on the rat’s body weights, liver enzymes, and the kidney function parameters in the serum of male albino rats induced with anaemia by phenyl-hydrazine. The rats were separated into six groups in five replicates, each of which included (T1) the control group, (T2) anaemia induced group, T3 group animals given Labneh enrichment with 2.5 mg of Fe3O4-NPs ml/day, T4 group animals given Labneh enrichment with 2.5 mg of Ch-NPs ml/day, T5 group animals given Labneh enrichment with 2.5 mg of each Fe3O4-NPs conjugated with Ch-NPs ml/day, T6 group animals given Labneh enrichment with 2.5 mg of Hamvir ml/day, and were fed for 30 days. The results showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the Rat body weight gains of the anaemia-induced Rats group T2 (-1g) compared with the T1 group (22g). The liver enzyme concentration of AST, ALT and ALP was seen as a significant increase in the anaemia group T2 and became at 57.0, 62.6 and 82.0 compared to the T1 group at 38.3, 47.0 and 63.6 (IU/L) respectively. Also, the Creatinine and Urea of kidney function parameters were increased to 2.85 and 62.0 compared to the T1 group at 0.89 and 38.3 mg/dl respectively. The results of the oral dose of rats treatment groups T3, T4, and T5 and the treatment by drug Hamvir T6 were shown to significantly ameliorate the parameters of body weights, liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and kidney parameters of Creatinine and Urea parameters to its becomes at the values near of its in T1 value.
Production of Chitosan Nanoparticles using Mold Filtrate Aspergillus Nigar and Coupling it with Some Antioxidants
Authors: Shaban Duaa Muthana , Thalij Karkaz Muhammed , Hussen Feryal Farooq
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted with the aim of producing chitosan nanoparticles using Aspergillus nigar mold filtrate and then pairing it with antioxidants for vitamin C, glutathione, coenzyme Q-10, and zinc, The properties of the resulting chitosan nanoparticles were determined using Absorption UV-Visible Light Spectroscopy techniques, X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron Microscope [SEM] The results showed the possibility of formation of chitosan nanoparticles [CH-NPs] through the use of bioproduction of Aspergillus nigar Where the resulting chitosan atoms were spherical granules, the sizes ranged between 5-124 nm. When the chitosan nanoparticles were linked with antioxidants, a color change occurred that ranged from creamy, to brown and pink, which is a preliminary indication of the ability of the nanoparticles to be associated with antioxidants in the study.
The Role of Nano-Chitosan and some Antioxidants Associated with it in Improving Blood Profile and its Proteins in Laboratory Rats Exposed to Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Shaban Duaa Muthana , Thalij Karkaz Muhammed , Hussen Feryal Farooq
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted to show a possibility of improving the image blood and its proteins and antioxidants for each of vitamin-C, glutathione, coenzyme Q-10, and zinc associated with nano-chitosan It was found from the results of the study of the blood images that the criteria for the blood image for each of the numbers of white blood cells and the numbers of red blood cells And hemoglobin decreased significantly in a group of animals exposed to oxidative stress (T2), as it was at 5.2 ((×103/mm3), 5.1 ((×106/mm3, and 7.6 (g/dl). Compared with the control group (T1), whose numbers were 9.2 ((×103/mm3), 7.8 ((×106/mm3), and 15.1 (g/dl), respectively. Their numbers improved in animal groups for nanoparticles and their antioxidants. Also, the parameters of total protein, albumin, and globulin were significantly decreased in (T2) compared with their values in (T1). Its values improved after oral administration of chitosan nanoparticles and its conjugates after 28 days of dosing.
Developing a New Synergistic Method to Increase the Production of Dates Molasses
Authors: Al-Safy Haider M. T. , Ali Riyadh Sh.
Published: December 2023

The dates are stacked in a basin with four sloping walls, and the sugary juice flows out of the dates under the influence of pressure, heat, and humidity; this is the common method of molasses in Iraq, and it was developed as part of this study. Teardrop molasses is a specific variety that is packaged in teardrop-shaped containers. Although this technique (the tampers) is effective in removing sugar and nutrients from dates without spoiling them, and in obtaining sugary juice with a light natural color, it comes with a low production rate because the syrup does not exceed 10-15% of the weight of the dates, and because it takes a long period of time to produce (from 2 to 3 months). As a result, the study aimed to increase production and the best physical, chemical, and sensory quality attributes in the product by employing a new synergistic strategy to raise the extraction efficiency and improve the quality of molasses during the manufacturing process. The study found that the created method was superior (synergy) because it increased the efficiency of making date molasses to 38% of the utilized dates and cut the production time in half, from two months to three days. The sensory evaluation found that this approach also fared exceptionally well across the board of sight, sound, and touch. As one of the local soft date varieties, Sukkari performed better than the other varieties of Zahdi (of semi-dry dates) and Khastawi (of the soft date varieties) utilized in the study, demonstrating the effect of the date variety on the amount of production.
Effect of the Variety and Processing Method on the Productivity and Quality of Date Molasses
Authors: Al-Safy Haider M. T. , Ali Riyadh Sh.
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of date cultivar and processing technique on the chemical composition, qualitative attributes, and quantitative characteristics of date molasses. Two Iraqi date varieties, namely Al-Zuhdi and Al-Khastawi, were chosen during the date stage to produce date molasses using three established methods: the Madabis method, the foundry method (hot water) and the modern mechanical method (synergistic). The results of the comparison of the physical characteristics of the fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) between the two cultivars Zahdi and Khastawi showed that the fruits of the Khastawi variety were superior to the Zahdi variety in weight, length, diameter, size, and weight of the fleshy part. Significant differences were also recorded in the chemical properties of the dates used in the study, as the Zuhdi variety recorded the highest percentage of ash, protein, fat and total acidity, while the Khastawi variety recorded the highest percentage of total sugars. The results showed that there were significant differences between the studied molasses samples in terms of production, as the sample (Khastawi W3) of molasses produced by the synergistic method recorded the highest production rate of date molasses (643.7) g / kg of dates, with a slight difference from the closest value recorded by the same manufacturing method for the Zahdi variety (591.3). g/kg). As for the biological test for the microbial molasses content of bacteria and molds, the molasses manufactured by three methods and for the two varieties under study met the limits of microbiological safety, under normal storage conditions at room temperature even after 90 days without recording any microbiological infection. All samples of molasses were accepted with a very good degree in the sensory evaluation of the qualities of texture, smell, taste and color, while the Zahdi variety by the traditional cold pressing method (Madabis) scored the best final acceptance score.
Effect of Addition Different Levels of Organic, Inorganic and Nano-Se to the Diet of Broiler Chickens (Ross 308) Exposed to Heat Stress on Characteristics Blood Cellular and some Indicators of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Kazem Saad Mohammed Hussein , Al-Khafaji Fadhil R.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at Al-Anwar Poultry Station in Babil Governorate Iraq for 35 days, from July 10, 2022 to August 17, 2022, in order to demonstrate effect of different concentrations of organic, inorganic, and nano-selenium added to the broiler diet on characteristics blood and under conditions of heat stress, 560 chicks of one day old (Ross 308) were used without identifying their sex and divided randomly into 7 treatments with 4 replicates for each treatment, and each replicate included 20 chicks. The first treatment, T1, was the control treatment without addition, and organic selenium was added in the second and third treatments (T2 & T3) concentration of (1 & 1.5 mg / kg), respectively, while the fourth and fifth treatment (T4 & T5) inorganic selenium was added concentration of (1 & 1. 5 mg / kg), respectively, while the sixth and seventh treatment (T6 & T7) included the addition of nano-Se concentration of (1 & 1.5 mg / kg), respectively. The results of study showed following: (1) T7 treatments outperformed all examined treatments in terms of Red blood cell count and Packed cell volume with highly significant (P≤0.01) and results of the statistical analysis didn’t show any significant difference between the studied treatments in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. (2) The results show that there was a high significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in percentage of lymphocytes in all addition treatments compared to the control, unlike heterophil cells, and percentage of H/L whose percentages were significantly low in all addition treatments compared to the control treatment. (3) There was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in the concentration of ALT and GSH enzyme in T2 compared to all treatments, while AST enzyme increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in the serum of T3 treated birds compared to control, also a significant increase in MDA observed in T4 over all studied treatments.
Effect of Glass Wool and Sephadex Sperm Separation Techniques on Improving the Poor Quality Semen of Iraqi Buffalo Bulls
Authors: Alwaeli Saif N. , Eidan S. M.
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effect of glass wool and Sephadex separation techniques on improving the poor semen quality of buffalo bulls. Semen had divided into four groups. The first and second groups used good (G1, positive control) and poor-quality semen (G2, negative control). Glass wool (G3) and Sephadex (G4) techniques had used to separate the poor semen quality in the 3rd-4th groups, respectively. The sperm concentration and total abnormalities were lower in the G3 and G4 groups than in the G2 group. Motility increased in the G4 group compared to the G2 group. Live sperm, normal morphology, plasma membrane, and acrosome integrity were higher in groups G4 and G3 than in the G2 group. In conclusion, after separation, there was a decrease in sperm concentration compared to non-separation. This decrease had compensated by a proportionate increase in other semen characteristics, which may improve the conception rate via artificial insemination with filtered semen.
Relationship of TRHDE Gene Polymorphism and Performance of Local Awassi Lambs
Authors: Abass Enas R. , Sundos F. M.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at the farm of animal production department / college of agricultural engineering sciences/ University of Baghdad, to detect the TRHDE gene polymorphism and its association with productive performance, daily gain, live weight gains and some characteristic of fat carcass on local Awassi lambs from 22/1/2022 to 2/4/2022. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of genetic polymorphism of the TRHDE gene on some nutritional traits in 40 Awassi lambs. There were three polymorphism appear in this variant (A>G SNP), which are AA, AG and GG, and their percentage was 70, 25, 5%, respectively. The results show that highly Significant (P≤0.01) with Polymorphism GG on total weight gain, While the wild genotype AA was superior to the genotype GG in feed conversion ratio and there no significant effect in carcass fat production. It can be concluded that the TRHDE gene polymorphism is related to the productive traits of Awassi lambs.
Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder on Awassi Ewe’s Blood Parameters
Authors: Habeeb Hayder Mohammed Hassan , Ali aljebori Rwaida Adnan , Mahdi Ahmed , Hamza Husain Faris , Kamil Badir Rageh
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on blood parameters of Awassi ewes. Nine healthy ewes were divided into three groups, and Moringa leaf powder was given orally in concentrations of 0 g (control group), 10 g (T1), and 40 g (T2) two times a week for four weeks. The results showed that the treatment with Moringa leaf powder increased the Red Blood Cell number (RBC) in a time-dependent manner. Specifically, the RBC numbers (million/ml) were 7.68 ±0.26 in the control, 8.69 ±0.27 in T1 and 8.67 ±0.09 in T2 after two weeks of the treatment, and 7.89 ±0.28 in the control, 8.65 ±0.25 in T1, 8.57 ±0.05 in T2 after four weeks. Moreover, treating ewes with 10 g of moringa leaf powder increased significantly the hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and the Hematocrit (HCTP) in comparison to the control animals. HGB concentration (mg/ml) values were 8.56 ±0.20 in the control, 9.86 ±0.37 in T1 9.51 ±0.17 in T2 after two weeks, and 8.56 ±0.20 in the control, 9.86 ±0.37 in T1, 9.51 ±0.17 in T2 after four weeks. While HCTP values (%) were 23.80 ±0.96 in the control, 27.26 ±0.99 in T1, 26.00 ±0.51 in T2 after two weeks, and 23.80 ±0.96 in the control. 27.26 ±0.99 in T1, 26.00 ±0.51 in T2, after four weeks. Interestingly, the biweekly doses of 10 g of the moringa leaf powder, significantly decreased the mean platelet volume (MVP) from 6.60 ±0.21 in the control animals to 6.03 ±0.09 in T1 animals after two weeks, and the monocyte concentration from 9.22 ±0.37 in the control animals to 7.65 ±0.14 in T1 animals. Yet, blood parameters analysis, did not reveal any effects of the moringa treatment on the other analyzed parameters, Corpuscular Volume Test (CVT), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), RDWP, Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW-a), platelet (PLT), White Blood Cell count (WBC), Lymphocyte (%), Granulocyte. (%). In conclusion, the study suggests that treating Awassi ewes with biweekly doses of 10 g of Moringa leaf powder could improve some of the blood parameters, such as RBC, HGB, HCTP. However, more studies are warrant to confirm these findings and determine the optimal dosage and duration of Moringa treatment.
Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor for Eight Fish Species from One Drain in Al-Alam Distric–Salah al Din Province-Iraq
Authors: Hassan Ahmad S. , Wahab Nehad K.
Published: December 2023

Length-weight relationship and condition factor for 257 Chondrostoma regium, 172 Carassius auratus, 50 Carasobarbus luteus, 24 Alburnus mossulensis, 13 Cyprinion kais, 12 Acanthobrama marmid, 10 Cyprinion macrostomum and 8 Gambusia holbrooki collected from one drain located in the Ahed arean/Al-Alam District during the period from 1/10/2022 to 31/3/2023. Regression coefficients for fish species ranged from 2.288 to 3.152. The growth pattern for G. holbrooki, A. mossulensis, C. auratus, A. marmid, C. kais and C. regium was negative allometric, while for C. luteus and C. macrostomum was positive with b values 3.144 and 1.152 respectively. The values for condition factor ranged from 0.797 to 1.617. Condition factor for all species was more than one except for A. mossulensis and C. regium.
Effect of Feeding Different Percentage of Biomass of a Certified Commercial Diet on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Fayyad Al-Hamza A. , Abedalhammed H. S.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at fish laboratory affiliated to the department of animal production/college of agriculture/University Of Anbar. The experiment lasted eight weeks in Aquatic Recirculating System ARS from 5th Sep 2022 to 31 Oct 2022, to examine the appropriate nutrient ratios of commercial diet For Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). One hundred twenty-six fingerlings fish with 35.44± 0.44 gm. Weight randomly divided in to six treatment by three replicates, seven fish for each replicate. It housed in aquaria, with a capacity of 50 liters, its dimensions are 30 × 30 × 60 cm for each one. All fish had fed on the same diets, they were fed as follows (T1) is unlimited, open until saturation, and the other treatments T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were fed by 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7%, respectively from their biomass weight ratio on two meals a day. The rustle showed that T4, T5 and T6 had significant increase (P≤0.05) in final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR) as compared with others. This study it could concluded, feeding fish 4% or 5% from biomass weight ratio improving growth performance and decrease wasted fodder.
Effect of Partial or Total Substitution of Local Raw or Roasted Sesame Seed Powder in Laying Hens Diets on Productive Traits
Authors: Al-Qaisi Ali Hadi Mohammad , Al-Jabari Qana Hussein Amin
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, to investigate the effect of partially or completely substituting raw or roasted local sesame seed meal in laying hens’ diets on their productive traits. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments with 24 chickens per treatment and 6 replications for each treatment (4 chickens per replicate) over a period of 20 weeks. The birds were fed experimental diets, including a control diet with 100% soybean meal. In the second treatment, 33% of the soybean meal was replaced with raw local sesame seed meal, while in the third treatment, 66% of the soybean meal was replaced. The fourth treatment completely replaced the soybean meal with raw local sesame seed meal. Additionally, the fifth, sixth, and seventh treatments replaced 33%, 66%, and 100% of the soybean meal, respectively, with roasted sesame seed meal. The statistical analysis results indicated that there were no significant differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental and control treatments in most productive traits, such as egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed consumption rate when substituting sesame seed meal (raw or roasted) up to 33% of the soybean meal. However, when the percentage of sesame seed meal (raw or roasted) was increased to 66% and 100% as replacements for soybean meal, a significant decrease (P≤0.05) was observed in most productive traits (egg production, egg mass, feed consumption rate). Regarding the feed conversion factor (grams of feed/grams of eggs) and mortality, no significant differences were observed between the experimental and control treatments. In conclusion, this study suggests that replacing up to 33% of soybean meal with sesame seed meal (raw or roasted) in laying hens’ diets did not significantly affect their productive traits. However, higher substitution percentages (66% and 100%) resulted in a decrease in the mentioned traits. The feed conversion factor and mortality rates were not significantly affected by the substitution of sesame seed meal.
Substituting Fishmeal and Fish by-Products (Internal Organs) for Imported Animal Protein
Authors: Al-Saadi Athraa Shaker Talib , Al-Obaidi Tugreed Sadiq Mohsen
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using different levels of dried carob powder combined with different proportions of dried fish offal (internal organs) as a substitute for animal protein in some growth parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The experiment took place at the fish hatchery of the Livestock Department in Swera, Wasit, Iraq. Eight circular containers were used in the experiment, consisting of 4 treatments with 2 replicates for each treatment. A total of 200 fingerlings weighing 52 grams each were randomly distributed among the containers, and the experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed that treatment T2 outperformed the other treatments in terms of growth parameters. The total weight gain of fish in T2 exceeded that of the other treatments, recording the highest overall weight gain rate. Additionally, T2 had the highest relative and specific growth rates, indicating the fish’s utilization of the feed supplemented with 25% carob powder and 16.7% fish offal as a substitute for animal protein. Based on the study, it can be concluded that carob powder and fish offal (internal organs) can be used as alternatives to animal protein in the diets of common carp, serving as a source of animal protein. This contributes to improving the feed and protein quality, as evidenced by improvements in some growth parameters.
The Relationship of the Genotype of the LEPR Gene with a Number of Carcass Traits of Sheep
Authors: Abdali Najla’a Abdalamyr , Salim Abdullah Hameed
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in Suq Al-Shuyoukh district, south of Thi-Qar Governorate, on local sheep group, included the slaughter of a sample of sheep consisting of 48 animals. The live body weight, the age and sex of the animal were recorded, and a blood sample was taken for each animal, and some carcass traits have been recorded. Blood samples were used for the purpose of DNA extraction (Molecular screening of the target segment of the leptin receptor gene, with the aim of determining the genotypes of the leptin receptor gene, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology, and the relationship genotypes to a number of carcass traits of local sheep). The results of the PCR analysis of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) of local sheep, showed the presence of a single mutation at position 227 within the studied region of the leptin receptor gene, appeared with three genotypes: AA, AG, and GG, in which the nitrogenous base A changed to G, the mutation occurred in the region of intron number 8. No change or mutation occurred in exon 8, as for the location of the mutation on chromosome No. 20, it occurred at site 41221676, therefore, this mutation is considered a silent mutation, it produced three genotypes: AG, AA, and GG, and their distribution rates were 62, 21, and 17%, respectively. The difference between these percentages was highly significant, by calculating the allelic frequency, the A allele was superior (0.52) over the G allele (0.48) of the leptin receptor gene in the studied sheep sample. The results of the current study showed highly significant differences (P<0.01) between the three genotypes of the target gene segment of the leptin receptor gene LEPR for most of the studied traits.
Effect of Methods of Adding Red Ginseng on some Productive Traits of Laying Hens
Authors: Abdul-Sada Saad Atta Allah , Al-Abbas Wafaa Nasar Allah Abd , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: December 2023

For 12 weeks, from October 15, 2022, to January 7, 2023, researchers at Al-Muthanna University’s Agricultural Research and Experiment Station examined the impact of different methods for administering red ginseng root on a selection of laying hens’ blood parameters. Sixty 43-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were split into four treatments, each with fifteen hens. Each treatment’s pens were three metres by three metres, and each pen was divided into thirds so that each third included five hens. The following procedures were used: In T1 (the placebo group), the regular diet was served without any alterations. T2: Combine 1 gramme of alcoholic extract with 1 litre of water. T3: The diet included 1 gramme of powdered red ginseng root per kilogramme of feed. T4: Ten millilitres of red ginseng root aqueous extract per one litre of water was added to the supply. The results show that compared to the control treatment, all treatments in which ginseng root powder was administered significantly increased the egg production ratio, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion factor of the laying hens tested. The best outcomes, by a wide margin, were achieved with the addition of alcoholic extract to drinking water.
Effect of Adding Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) to Broiler Diets on the Productive Performance
Authors: Al-Azzawi Reem Raad Ahmed , Bandr Luma Khaled
Published: December 2023

Research on the effects of supplementing broiler diets with Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) was conducted in the field from March 22, 2022, to April 18, 2022, by the Department of Animal Production in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad in Abu Ghraib. There were a total of 210 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks employed in this study (10 birds per replicate), and they were fed a starter diet for the first 10 days, a growth diet for the next 11-24 days, and a final diet for the last 25-42 days. The birds were randomly assigned to one of seven treatments, with three replicates per treatment and ten birds in each replicate. The experimental procedures included:Treatment 1 (T1) is a diet with no extra ingredients. The second diet (T2) includes 1 g/kg of lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) fodder, the third diet (T3) includes 1.5 g/kg of lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus), and the fourth diet (T4) includes 2 g/kg of lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus), the fifth diet (T5) includes 1 g/kg of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma Treatments T4 (2 g/kg of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and T6 (1.5 gm of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)) were superior on the control treatment T1 in the sixth week, while in the fifth week, treatment T6 (1.5 g/kg of Reishi Mushroom) showed a significant increase in weekly average body weight over the control treatment T1. The ratio of weight gain to treatment time was found to be significantly higher for treatments T4 and T6 compared to the control treatment T1 (P<0.01). At 6 weeks of age, the feed consumption ratio increased significantly for treatments T5, T6, and T7 compared to the control treatment T1, and a high significant improvement (P<0.01) in the feed conversion ratio was observed, most notably for the birds in treatment T4, to which Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) was added to their diets at a rate of 2 g / kg. There was a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the relative weight of the liver for birds of treatment T2 (1g/kg Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and T6 (1.5g/kg Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)) compared to the control treatment T1. The results of this investigation suggest that varying concentrations of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) may help boost grill performance.
Effect of Supplemented Alcoholic Extract of Annatto (Bixa orellara) Seeds and α-Tocotrienol to Soy-Bean Lecithin Extender on Some Biomarkers of Cryopreserved Semen of Holstein Bulls
Authors: Rehan Mohammed Majeed Ali , Banana Husam Jasim Hussein
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of Soy-bean lecithin extender combined with different quantities of alcoholic extract of annatto (Bixa orellara) and - tocotrienol on sperm abnormalities and certain biomarkers of Holstein bulls semen after being frozen for varying lengths of time. In the experiment, bull semen was pooled, diluted with Soy-bean lecithin extender, and distributed randomly among five groups: Diluted semen was put through the semen cryopreservation technique; the control treatment (C) consisted solely of soy-bean lecithin extender; T1 included 150mg annatto extract/25 ml; T2 contained 200mg annatto extract/25 ml; T3 contained 3mM tocotreinol; and T4 contained 4mM tocotreinol. After 48 hours, 3 months, and 6 months, both chilled and frozen semen were evaluated for abnormalities, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration, and DNA fragmentation percentage. As shown by the data, there were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of total abnormalities in sperm after any of the cryopreservation times, but there were significant differences in terms of MDA and DNA fragmentation. Some of the biomarkers in Holstein bulls’ sperm were found to be significantly improved when a combination of alcoholic extract of annatto(Bixa orellara) and tocotrienol was added to Soy-bean lecithin.
Effect of Adding Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Drinking Water on some of the Reproductive Characteristics for Lohmann Brown Rooster Breeder
Authors: Jaber Ahmad Saadi , Ali Emad Abd Al-Jabbar
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study, which took place from December 8, 2022, to February 15, 2023, over the course of 10 weeks in the Department of Animal Production at Al-Qasim Green University’s Faculty of Agriculture, was to determine the impact, if any, that varying concentrations of an aqueous extract of the leaves of the Moringa Oleifera plant had on the reproductive and physiological qualities and the rates of hatching and fertilization for rooster breeders of the laying hen the first, a group that drank water without any flavorings or other additions, For the second, add 20 ml of an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves per litre of drinking water; for the third, add 40 ml; for the fourth, add 60 ml; for the fifth, add 80 ml; and for the sixth and final treatment, add 100 ml of an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves per litre of drinking water. As for estimating the individual movement of the sperm, we note from the results a superiority (P0.05) for the third, fourth, and fifth treatments compared to the first treatment in the fourth week. The results also showed a superiority (P0.05) for the second treatment in estimating the size of the ejaculate size compared to the first, third, and fifth treatments. The results revealed that the concentration of sperm increased significantly (P 0.05) after the second, third, fourth, and fifth treatments compared to the first.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Proanthocyanidin in Laying Hens Diet on Productive Performance
Authors: Abbas Nbras Kadhim , Ali Nihad Abdul–Lateef
Published: December 2023

The research was carried out at the college of Agriculture/Al-Qasim Green University’s Department of Animal Production farm. The experimental field trial ran for 16 weeks, from March 19, 2022, to July 2, 2022 (divided into four 4-week phases). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of supplementing chicken diets with varying concentrations of the Proanthocyanidin chemical on egg production, quality, and oxidation markers. During the experiment’s breeding phase, which was split into four experimental periods (ages 53–56 weeks, 57–60 weeks, 61–64 weeks, and 65–68 weeks), 105 Lohmann brown laying hens were used.15 pens were set up with 5 experimental treatments for each treatment of 21 birds, and each treatment contained 3 duplicates per 7 birds, all fed according to the standards outlined in the Lohmann Brown Layer Managements Guide. The following procedures were used in the pilot programme:In the first phase, a non-experimental group served as a control. Second, 100 milligrammes of proanthocyanidin per kilogramme of feed was given to a standard diet. Third, we have a standard diet with 200 milligrammes of proanthocyanidin per kilogramme of feed. Fourthly, a standard diet with 300 milligrammes of Proanthocyanidin per kilogramme of feed was used. Fifthly, we have a standard diet with 400 milligrammes of proanthocyanidin per kilogramme of feed. Key findings from the research include: Compared to the control group, the third, fourth, and fifth treatments significantly increased (p0.05) egg production rate, cumulative number of eggs, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion coefficient. - Shell thickness (in millimetres) and relative weight (in percent) were best for treatments three through five. In contrast, albumin height (in millimetres) and hu units improved significantly (p 0.05) for treatments four and five compared to the control therapy (treatment one).
Detecting Polymorphisms of Mutation (C519T) Sit 112480 of Gene Foxo3 and its Associations with Reproductive Performance of Awassi Sheep
Authors: Ibadi Nahedh Hamzah , Senkal Riath Hamad
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted on a sample of 45 local Awassi ewe, with ages ranging from 2-4 years. These ewes produced 54 newborns, and the ages and weights of these newborns were monitored from birth until the sixth month of life for the period from 1/5/2022 to 6/25/2022 at Al-Fayhaa Sheep Station / Babylon Agricultural Directorate / Ministry of Agriculture. As for laboratory analyzes, they were conducted in the laboratories of the Scientific Advancement Company for Molecular Genetics for the period from 1/5/2022 to 6/25/2022. For the purpose of extracting DNA material, and determining the genotypes of the Foxo3 gene through the genotype of the mutation (Sit 112480)) T519C and studying the effect of this mutation on the studied characteristics, which are daily milk production (DMY), milk components, growth characteristics of lambs (different weights and ages), the rate of weight gain between weights mentioned above, growth rate, live mothers’ weights, mothers’ body dimensions, type of delivery (twins or singles). This formed mutation, which was found in the second segment of exon No. 2 of the Foxo3 gene, was amplified with a size of 420 bp N-hall using the nucleotide sequencing technique. This mutation produced three genotypes (TT, TC, and CC), and the ratios of genotypes were (0.00, 53.66, 46.34), sequentially. The variance between these ratios was highly significant (p≤0.01), and the allelic frequency was 0.27, 0.73 for both the T and C alleles. It was clear from the results that the effect of the different genotypes of the Foxo3 gene was not significant for the characteristic of daily milk production, and some other components of milk except for the percentage of fat were significant (p≤0.05). Weight between birth weight and weaning weight, and the results also show that there are significant differences for the type of birth characteristic (P≤0.05). There were no significant differences in the different genotypes of the Foxo3 gene for the characteristics represented by the body dimensions of the mothers and the live weight of the mothers, as well as the growth characteristics of the lambs, which are represented by the weight for the first three months of life and the rate of weight gain between them. It can be concluded from the previous results of this study the possibility of adopting the distinct genotypes of the Foxo3 gene for this genotype in the genetic improvement programs of the studied Awassi sheep to obtain the best economic return by selecting and cross-crossing the distinct genotypes in the characteristics that achieved the best ratios as well as the weight rates.
Effect of Dried Oregano Leaves (Origanum vulgare) on Chicken Productive Traits
Authors: Ali Nihad Abdul-Lateef , Al-Kassie Galib A. , Al-Rubaie Abdul-Razzak L. , Al-Timimi Ihsan H.
Published: December 2023

Between the dates of 9/18/2019 and 10/23/2019, researchers from the Animal Production Department at the College of Agriculture at Al-Qasim Green University will carry out their study. There were 240 Ross 308 chickens employed in the study. The baby chicks were split into four groups for the various experiments. The following parameters of drinking water were examined when a suspension of leaves extract was added at concentrations of 0, 3, 5, and 7 ml/liter: body mass index, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate The results demonstrated that the average live body weight, total weight increase, and feed intake of the broilers were significantly enhanced by supplementing their diet with an aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare leaves. Both the feed conversion factor and the mortality rate were rather constant throughout all trials.
Effect of Feeding Common Carp with Different Quantities of a Certified Commercial Feed on Haematological Parameters, Blood Indicators and Cortisol Hormone Levels
Authors: Fayyad Al-Hamza A. , Abedalhammed H. S.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at fish laboratory affiliated to the department of animal production/ college of agriculture/ University of Anbar. The experiment lasted eight weeks (5 /Sep / 2022-31 /Oct / 2022) in Aquatic Recirculating System (ARS), to examine the appropriate effect of feeding common carp with different quantities of a certified commercial feed on hematological parameters, blood indicators, and cortisol hormone levels revealed that significant differences among the treatments. In the second treatment (T2), there was significant improvement (P≤0.05) in red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count compared to the other experimental treatments. Treatment four (T4) showed superiority in lymphocyte count, while treatment three (T3) exhibited higher values in both monocytes count and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (P≤0.05). regarding the biochemical blood parameters, treatments T6, T5, T4, T2, and T1 demonstrated significant superiority (P≥0.05) over treatment three (T3) in terms of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, ALT enzyme, and AST enzyme. However, high-density lipoprotein exhibited significant differences (P≤0.05) in treatments T5 and T4. As for cortisol levels, treatment two (T2) displayed significant superiority over the other experimental treatments (P>0.05).