bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coordination chemistry of benzhydrazide with lanthanide(iii) ions: hydrothermalin situligand formation, structures, magnetic and photoluminescence sensing properties
Authors: Theppitak Chatphorn , Kielar Filip , Dungkaew Winya , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Kangkaew Laongdao , Sahasithiwat Somboon , Zenno Hikaru , Hayami Shinya , Chainok Kittipong
Published: July 2021

The influence of synthetic conditions on the solid-state structural formation of lanthanide(iii) complexes based on a hydrazide ligand have been investigated and reported.
Correction: CdSe quantum dot/white graphene hexagonal porous boron nitride sheet (h-PBNs) heterostructure photocatalyst for solar driven H2 production
Authors: A. R. Shakeelur Raheman , Mane Rupali S. , Wilson Higgins M. , Jha Neetu
Published: July 2021

Correction for ‘CdSe quantum dot/white graphene hexagonal porous boron nitride sheet (h-PBNs) heterostructure photocatalyst for solar driven H2 production’ by Shakeelur Raheman A. R. et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1TC01556G.
Salient region growing based on Gaussian pyramid
Authors: Jiao Jianjun , Wang Xiaopeng , Zhang Jungping , Wang Qingsheng
Published: July 2021

For region growing image segmentation, seed selection and image noise are two major concerns causing negative segmentation performance. This paper proposes a regional growth algorithm based on the Gaussian pyramid (GPRG), which automatically selects seed points and optimizes the growth path. To achieve automatic seed selection, Gaussian difference pyramid generated by the Gaussian pyramid is required. The growing seed of the salient target in an image is acquired by searching for extremums in each image of the Gaussian difference pyramid. For growing path optimization, edge changing direction is updated according to different Gaussian difference pyramid images with sizes from small to large. The edge of region growing is determined by the edge of the salient target in an image. Segmentation experiments show that this algorithm is able to automatically select seeds and accurately segment the salient target in an image with and without image noise. Performances in terms of segmentation accuracy (SA), mean intersection‐over‐union (mIoU) and E‐measure are superior compared with other methods.
Investigation on the release of residual stress in a folded structure applied to MEMS devices
Authors: Tang Chuying , Yu Hongyu , Sun Chengliang , Zhang Yi , Wang Liang , Cai Yao , Wu Jingyi , Wang Qing , Liu Sheng
Published: July 2021

During MEMS device fabrication process, the residual stress of thin film caused by thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and lattice mismatch is an important factor that will deteriorate the properties of thin film and bring yield losses to MEMS devices. In this work, a method to release the residual stress by using a folded structure with V‐shaped grooves is proposed. The folded structures with different groove width and groove interval are fabricated and relative Raman frequency shift is adopted to calculate the residual stress. The minimum residual thermal stress of 11.6 MPa can be obtained in the folded structure models by simulation, which is about five times lower than the residual thermal stress of the flat structure. The minimum residual stress of 40 MPa can be obtained in the folded structure by experiment results, which is about 20 times lower than the residual stress of the flat structure. The simulation results and experimental analysis confirms that introducing a folded structure with groove into the design of MEMS device is an effective way to suppress the generation of residual stress, thus enhancing the reliability of MEMS devices.
X-ray diffraction study of the transient structure
of sliding charge density waves in NbSe3
Authors: Requardt H. , Rideau D. , Danneau R. , Ayari A. , Ya Nad F. , Lorenzo J. E. , Monceau P. , Currat R. , Detlefs C. , Smilgies D. , Grubel G.
Published: July 2021

We present high resolution X-ray diffraction measurements on NbSe3 of the charge-density-wave (CDW)
relaxation from the deformation created by the sliding of the CDW. The data are taken in the temperature range
75 K <
T
< 105 K in the upper-CDW phase of NbSe, and cover spatial positions up to $8OO~\mu$m from the current
contact. Convenient fits to the data are obtained by a stretched exponential decay profile yielding exponents μ in
the range of 0.4–0.7 and relaxation time-scales τ of the order of 1–150 ms. becoming faster with increasing sample
temperature and slowing down with increasing distance from the current contact.
Hc2 enhancement and giant Nernst effect in (TMTSF)2(PF)6
Authors: Lee I. J. , Wu W. , Naughton M. J. , Chaikin P. M.
Published: July 2021

We discuss two recent discoveries in the title compound: 1) A strong enhancement in the critical
field as the critical pressure for the SDW-superconductor phase boundary is approached and 2) the
existence of giant resonances in the thermoelectric voltage as an applied magnetic field is rotated through
the “Lebed Magic Angles". 1) Hc2 is highly anisotropic in this salt, but the enhancement is present for all
field orientations. We suggest a model in which the near degeneracy of the superconducting and SDW
states leads to a coexistence. The critical field is enhanced by the formation of thin slabs of superconductor
(less than the penetration depth) parallel to the applied field and sandwiched by insulating SDW layers. As
the temperature is lowered the slabs become thinner allowing a higher Hc2. 2) The thermoelectric voltage
resonance indicates that the currents generated are “locked-in" to the interchain direction (“magic angle")
nearest parallel with the applied field. With the field to one side of the magic angle there is a Lorentz force
up, on the other side of the magic angle the Lorentz force is down. The size of the thermoelectric voltage is
104 larger than might be expected from conventional transport theory.
Nitriding parameters analized by neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: Filetin T. , Žmak I. , Novak D.
Published: July 2021

The surface hardness and hardness profile of a nitrided workpiece depend on the chemical composition of the steel, nitriding temperature and time, and on type of the nitriding process (i.e. atmosphere). An issue in this approach was to test how the statistical analysis, artificial neural network, genetic algorithm and genetic programming may be used for determination of nitriding time and surface hardness, in case when the chemical composition of steel, nitriding temperature and required thickness of nitrided layer are known.
In the neural network learning procedure datasets of results were used, after nitriding 5 different steel grades. Different combinations of time, temperature, surface hardness and thickness of plasma and gas nitriding layer are compiled from the experiments and industrial experience and also from the literature.
The static multi-layer feed-forward neural network is proposed. To accelerate the convergence of the proposed static error-back propagation learning algorithm, the momentum method is applied.
The mean error between experimental data of nitriding time and data predicted using a neural network, and also the standard deviation for both the learning and the testing dataset is found to be small and acceptable. The determination of time by genetic algorithm gives greater standard deviation than by using neural network.
Determining surface hardness after nitriding by the use of neural network gives less reliable results due to relatively imprecise input data and a narrow learning dataset. Due to nitriding data insufficiency, the network was tested only with the learning dataset.
THE STONE CRAYFISH AUSTROPOTAMOBIUS TORRENTIUM (SCHRANK) IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: KOZAK P. , DURIS Z. , POLICAR T.
Published: July 2021

Five species of crayfish, comprising two native species Austropotamobius torrentium and Astacus astacus, one introduced European species, Astacus leptodactylus and two alien American species, Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus, occur in open waters of the Czech Republic. The stone crayfish is highly endangered species in the country, known only from several recent records. Four localities have been confirmed for the presence of the stone crayfish in the Czech Republic. Basic characteristics of the following stone crayfish occurring localities are described: Míza and Upořský brook in Křivoklát protected area, Zubřina brook near Domažlice, Luční brook near Trutnov and Klabava brook in Brdy Military Training Area. The present localities have been investigated for chemical, structural and terrestrial environments. Properties of these waters (morphology, supply of substrate, current, aquatic and terrestrial environment) are compared with literature data. Strong conservation actions are necessary to save the endangered stone crayfish on most north-eastern limit of its distribution.
Der Einfluss von subjektiven Krankheitstheorien auf Demoralisierung,
Depression und Angst bei Patienten mit einer Krebserkrankung: eine
Längsschnittstudie
Authors: Bockholt Malin , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Vehling Sigrun
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund Diese Längsschnittstudie untersucht den Einfluss
der Ausprägung subjektiver Krankheitstheorien auf den zeitlichen
Verlauf von Demoralisierung, Depression und Angst bei Patienten mit einer
Krebserkrankung.

Methode Wir untersuchten n=307 Patienten mit gemischten
Tumordiagnosen und Erkrankungsstadien zu drei Messzeitpunkten:
während der ambulanten bzw. stationären Behandlung, nach 6
Monaten (n=213, 69%) sowie nach 12 Monaten (n=153,
50%). Subjektive Krankheitstheorien wurden anhand der Subskalen
Konsequenzen, Kontrolle, Behandlungskontrolle und Kohärenz des
Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) erfasst. Psychische Belastung wurde
anhand der Demoralisierungsskala (DS) sowie der Module Depression und Angst
des Gesundheitsfragebogens für Patienten (PHQ-9 und GAD-7) erfasst.
Längsschnittliche Analysen erfolgten anhand von Varianzanalysen mit
Messwiederholung (MANOVA).

Ergebnisse Zu Studienbeginn nahmen 20% der Teilnehmer die
Erkrankung als mit einschneidenden Konsequenzen verbunden wahr
(12-Monats-Follow-up: 16%); 25% nahmen sie als
persönlich kontrollierbar (12-Monats-Follow-up: 17%),
42% als durch die medizinische Behandlung kontrollierbar
(12-Monats-Follow-up: 26%) und 24% als
kohärent/verstehbar wahr (12-Monats-Follow-up: 30%).
Zu Studienbeginn war die Wahrnehmung einschneidender Konsequenzen mit einer
signifikant höheren psychischen Belastung verbunden, von
Kontrollierbarkeit und Kohärenz mit einer signifikant geringeren
psychischen Belastung. Die Größe dieses Zusammenhangs war
jeweils am höchsten für Demoralisierung (Konsequenzen:
r=0,45, p<0,001, Kontrolle:
r=− 0,25, p<0,001, Behandlungskontrolle:
r=− 0,31, p<0,001, Kohärenz:
r=− 0,27, p<0,001). Keine der Subskalen
hatte einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die zeitliche Veränderung der
psychischen Belastung über den Verlauf von 12 Monaten
(d≤0,29, p≥0,09).

Diskussion Die subjektive Wahrnehmung einschneidender Konsequenzen,
geringer Kontrollierbarkeit sowie Verstehbarkeit der Erkrankung kann eine
wichtige Quelle für aktuell erlebte hohe Belastungen bei
Krebspatienten sein. Sie geht jedoch nicht zwangsläufig mit einem
weiteren Anstieg oder Abfall der psychischen Belastung einher. Ein
möglicher Grund könnte in den begrenzten
Möglichkeiten des eingesetzten IPQ-R liegen, adaptiv-angemessene von
maladaptiv-verzerrten Krankheitswahrnehmungen zu differenzieren.
Computed Tomography and Pathobiomechanical-Based Treatment of Volar Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Hintringer Wolfgang , Rosenauer Rudolf , Quadlbauer Stefan
Published: July 2021

Today, there are various classifications for distal radius fractures (DRF). However, they are primarily based on plain radiographs and do not provide sufficient information on the best treatment option. There are newer classifications that simultaneously consider the pathobiomechanical basis of the fracture mechanism and analysis of computed tomography images. Main determinants of which type of DRFs occurs are the strength/direction of the applied forces on the carpus and radius, and the position of the wrist relative to the radius during the fall. Reconstruction of the mechanism of injury provides information about which anatomic structures are involved, such as torn ligaments, bone fragments, and the dislocated osteoligamentous units. This article attempts to combine and modify current pathobiomechanically oriented classifications with an improved understanding of the “key fragments” to subsequently offer a treatment approach to stabilize these critical fragments through specific types of internal fixation.
Association between Maternal Obesity Class, Adherence to Labor Guidelines, and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Stafford Irene A. , Moustafa Ahmed S.Z. , Spoo Lauren , Berra Alexandra , Burgess Angela , Turrentine Mark
Published: July 2021

Background Data are limited concerning rates of perinatal complications in women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2 compared to women with other BMI classes when guidelines for the safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery are applied.

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate labor guideline adherence by BMI class and to compare perinatal outcomes across BMI classes with guideline adherent management.

Study Design This retrospective study included low-risk women admitted for delivery between April 2014 and April 2017 after the labor guidelines were implemented. BMI closest to delivery was used for analysis. Women with cesarean for nonreassuring fetal status were excluded.

Results Guideline adherence decreased with increasing BMI, with 93% adherence among women of normal weight compared to 81% for class III obese women (p < 0.0001). Among women who had guideline-adherent management, there was increased rates of cesarean among class III versus other obesity classes; however, there were no differences in rates of infectious morbidity (p = 0.98) or hemorrhage (p = 0.93). Although newborns of women with class III obesity had higher rates of meconium at birth, neonatal outcomes were not different with increasing maternal BMI (p = 0.65).

Conclusion There were no differences in adverse perinatal outcomes with increasing BMI.
Rechtskolumne: Schleudersitz Geschäftsführung
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: July 2021

Geschäftsführer müssen eine Vielzahl an Normen, Regeln und Verhaltenskodexe unter Berücksichtigung derer Qualität und Komplexität beachten. Hier kann schnell der Überblick verloren gehen. Wenig nachvollziehbar sind jedoch Verhaltensweisen, die eindeutig gegen rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen im Gesundheitswesen verstoßen.
Klinikfinanzierung: Der Druck zu Reformen wächst rasant
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: July 2021

Deutsche Krankenhäuser sind 2020 im Durchschnitt finanziell gut durch die Pandemie gekommen. Gleichzeitig legt die Krise jedoch alte grundlegende Strukturprobleme der Finanzierung schonungslos frei. Während Unikliniken und Maximalversorger, die die Mehrzahl der Covid-19-Patienten behandelt haben, zuletzt Ausfälle beklagen, profitierten andere Häuser von Ausgleichszahlungen. Das befeuert einen alten Streit.
OP-Roboter: Da Vincis Konkurrenten
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: July 2021

Bisher redet man in Sachen Operationsroboter vor allem von dem System „Da Vinci“. Allerdings sind in den letzten Jahren die Patente des Herstellers für mehrere grundlegende Funktionen abgelaufen. In der Zwischenzeit haben mehrere Anbieter Systeme entwickelt, die dem Platzhirsch durchaus Konkurrenz machen könnten.
Rezeptabrechnung und Risikomanagement: „Das E-Rezept wird ein großer Schritt in Richtung Effizienz und Transparenz sein“
Authors: Endele Kerstin
Published: July 2021

Die Insolvenz des Abrechnungsdienstleisters AvP erschütterte im September 2020 die Klinikapotheken. Wie kann man diese Risiken minimieren? Und wie wird das E-Rezept die Abrechnungsprozesse verändern? Dr. Andrea Liekweg, Leiterin der Krankenhausapotheke der Uniklinik Köln, und Dr. Matthias Leclerc, bei der Noventi HealthCare GmbH unter anderem für den Bereich der Kliniken zuständig, richten im kma Interview den Blick in die Zukunft.
Evidenzbasierte Medizin: Kämpfer für Zahlen und Fakten
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2021

Professor Gerd Antes gilt als ein Pionier der wissenschaftlich fundierten Medizin in Deutschland und wurde dafür auch 2012 von der Universität Freiburg zum Honorarprofessor ernannt – übrigens nicht seine einzige Ehrung. Im Breisgau baute er das Deutsche Cochrane-Zentrum für evidenzbasierte Medizin auf, das er fast zwei Jahrzehnte leitete. Seine Meinung ist – auch jetzt als Rentner – gefragt. Für eine bessere Datenlage erhebt er immer wieder seine kräftige Stimme.
Barkhausen noise emission in soft magnetic bilayer ribbons
Authors: Neslušan M. , Kajánek D. , Pitoňák M. , Janičkovič D. , Andrejka F.
Published: July 2021

Barkhausen noise emission in soft magnetic bilayer ribbons has been investigated. The monolithic amorphous Fe73.5Nb3Si13.5B9Cu1/Fe74.5Nb3Si13.5B9 bilayer system was produced by double-nozzle melt-spinning. It was subsequently used to measure the Barkhausen noise emission in the amorphous state as well as in the annealed state as a function of magnetizing voltage. The asymmetry of the Barkhausen noise emission during cyclic magnetization was also investigated. It was found that the amorphous ribbon produces the conventional single burst, whereas the annealed ribbon emits bursts in which Barkhausen noise originating from the different layers can be easily distinguished. Moreover, a gentle asymmetry in the consecutive Barkhausen noise envelopes produced by ascending and descending magnetic fields was detected. The hysteresis loop for the annealed ribbon exhibits a two-step magnetization process in which the contribution of the different layers can be clearly distinguished.
A unified energy-optimality criterion predicts human navigation paths and speeds
Authors: Brown Geoffrey L. , Seethapathi Nidhi , Srinivasan Manoj
Published: July 2021

Significance

Why do humans move the way they do? Here, we obtain a physiologically based theory of the speeds and paths with which humans navigate their environment. We measure the metabolic energy cost of walking with turning and show that minimizing this cost explains diverse phenomena involving navigating around obstacles, walking in complex paths, and turning. We explain why humans slow down while turning, avoid sharp turns, do not always use the shortest path, and other naturalistic locomotor phenomena.
Cholesterol is required for transcriptional repression by BASP1
Authors: Loats Amy E. , Carrera Samantha , Fleming Anna F. , Roberts Abigail R. E. , Sherrard Alice , Toska Eneda , Moorhouse Alexander J. , Medler Kathryn F. , Roberts Stefan G. E.
Published: July 2021

Significance

Cholesterol is present within the cell nucleus, where it associates with chromatin, but to date, a direct role for cholesterol in nuclear processes has not been identified. We demonstrate that the transcriptional repressor brain acid soluble protein 1 (BASP1) directly interacts with cholesterol within the cell nucleus through a consensus cholesterol interaction motif. BASP1 recruits cholesterol to the promoter region of target genes, where it is required to mediate chromatin remodeling and transcriptional repression. Our work demonstrates that cholesterol plays a direct role in transcriptional regulation.
Updated cosmological constraints on Macroscopic Dark Matter
Authors: Caloni Luca , Gerbino Martina , Lattanzi Massimiliano
Published: July 2021

We revise the cosmological phenomenology of Macroscopic Dark Matter (MDM) candidates, also commonly dubbed as Macros. A possible signature of MDM is the capture of baryons from the cosmological plasma in the pre-recombination epoch, with the consequent injection of high-energy photons in the baryon-photon plasma.
By keeping a phenomenological approach, we consider two broad classes of MDM in which Macros are composed either of ordinary matter or antimatter. In both scenarios, we also analyze the impact of a non-vanishing electric charge carried by Macros.
We derive constraints on the Macro parameter space from three cosmological processes: the change in the baryon density between the end of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) decoupling, the production of spectral distortions in the CMB and the kinetic coupling between charged MDM and baryons at the time of recombination.
In the case of neutral Macros we find that the tightest constraints are set by the baryon density condition in most of the parameter space. For Macros composed of ordinary matter and with binding energy I, this leads to the following bound on the reduced cross-section: σX/M
X ≲ 6.8 · 10-7(I/MeV)-1.56 cm2 g-1. Charged Macros with surface potential V
X, instead, are mainly constrained by the tight coupling with baryons, resulting in σX/MX ≲ 2 · 10-11(|V
X|/MeV)-2cm2 g-1.
Finally, we show that future CMB spectral distortions experiments, like PIXIE and SuperPIXIE, would have the sensitivity to probe larger regions of the parameter space: this would allow either for a possible evidence or for an improvement of the current bounds on Macros as dark matter candidates.
Flavors of astrophysical neutrinos with active-sterile mixing
Authors: Ahlers Markus , Bustamante Mauricio , Nortvig Willesen Niels Gustav
Published: July 2021

We revisit the flavor composition of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos observed at neutrino telescopes. Assuming unitary time evolution of the neutrino flavor states, the flavor composition observable at Earth is related to the initial composition at their sources via oscillation-averaged flavor transitions. In a previous study we derived general bounds on the flavor composition of TeV–PeV astrophysical neutrinos assuming three-flavor unitary mixing. We extend these bounds to the case of active-sterile neutrino mixing. Our bounds are analytical, derived based only on the unitarity of the mixing, and do not require sampling over the values of the unknown active-sterile mixing parameters. These bounds apply to any extended active-sterile neutrino mixing scenario where energy-dependent nonstandard flavor mixing dominates over the standard mixing observed in accelerator, reactor, and atmospheric neutrino oscillations.
Prospects for measuring dark matter microphysics with observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies
Authors: Baxter Eric J. , Kumar Jason , Pace Andrew B. , Runburg Jack
Published: July 2021

Dark matter annihilation in dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies near the Milky Way has the potential to produce a detectable signature in gamma-rays. The amplitude of this signal depends on the dark matter density in a dSph, the dark matter particle mass, the number of photons produced in an annihilation, and the possibly velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation cross section. We argue that if the amplitude of the annihilation signal from multiple dSphs can be measured, it is possible to determine the velocity-dependence of the annihilation cross section. However, we show that doing so will require improved constraints on the dSph density profiles, including control of possible sources of systematic uncertainty. Making reasonable assumptions about future improvements, we make forecasts for the ability of current and future experiments — including Fermi, CTA and AMEGO — to constrain the dark matter annihilation velocity dependence.
The cost of harvesting process in teak community forest during the covid-19
Authors: Gautama I , Mujetahid A , Dalya N , Faradiba A V
Published: July 2021

This pandemic also affected the amount of costs incurred from the teak harvesting process. Based on previous research, we tried to compare the costs arising from teak harvesting during the pandemic. On the other hand, Cost analysis of community teak harvesting aims to analyse the costs incurred by the community at each harvesting process, starting at the felling, skidding, to transportation stages, both in self-managed systems and in wholesale systems. Data were collected through observation and interviews which were then analysed using quantitative descriptive analysis by calculating the costs for each harvesting process. Machine costs are obtained by adding up fixed costs and variable costs incurred, while operating costs are obtained by adding up machine costs with operator and helper wages. The results showed that the total cost for felling group I was IDR 53,837.17 per m3 with an average cutting ability of 0.72 m3 per hour. Meanwhile, the total cost for felling group II was IDR 40,361.69 per m3 with an average cutting capacity of 0.87 m3 per hour. Loggers’ costs of harvesting forests during the pandemic do not differ significantly from the costs incurred by loggers before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Added value rentability of tofu agroindustry business in North Lombok Regency
Authors: Tajidan  , Halil  , Efendy  , Fernandez F.X. Edy , Usman Abdullah , Jamil M H
Published: July 2021

The measurement of company performance usually uses the analysis of Return on Investment (Rol), Return in Earning (RoE), Business Rentability (Ru) and Economic Rentability (Re) to assess the level of profit against capital, which means the extent to which business activities have a positive impact on capital owners, but it has not yet described the impact on human resources. The solution offered is the measurement of the company’s performance using Value Added Rentabilty (Rnt), so that the impact on the welfare of business actors can be known. Data was collected from all tofu agro-industry business units in North Lombok Regency. Data collection is done by using a survey method based on a list of questions. The survey was conducted 2 (two) times before and after the earthquake, namely in June 2018 and June 2019 for 24 respondents of business owners. The results showed that Value Added Rentabilty (Rnt) before earthquake in 2018 was 216.82% and post-earthquake in 2019 was 316.81%, meaning that the income obtained by capital owners from profits and labor wages was greater after the earthquake than before the earthquake for one IDR use of capital.
Capturing community behavior towards fruit bats conservation in South Sulawesi
Authors: Maulany R I , Gautama R D , Dassir M , Nasri N
Published: July 2021

Fruit bats have important roles in the ecosystem serving not only as pollinator agents for various high economic values plants but also acting as seed disperser for many plants in the forests. Ecosystem services provided by the bats are still overlooked while the animals also experienced intensive hunting. Lack of knowledge on the importance of the fruit bats in the ecological chain combined with poor public perception of the animals have contributed to the decline of the bats. This research is aimed to examine knowledge, experiences, perceptions, and awareness of community on fruit bats and analyze the relationship of the four aspects towards the conservation behavior of community towards fruit bats in three different regencies of South Sulawesi (Maros, Sinjai and Soppeng). In-depth interviews using questionnaires to community living nearby the roosting habitats of fruit bats were carried out to collect data on knowledge, experience, perception, awareness and conservation behavior. Correlation analysis of Spearman rank was employed to determine the relationships between variables measured with the conservation behavior of community towards fruit bats. The results showed that on total of 90 respondents interviewed in the three regencies, there were differences on the level of knowledge, experience, perception, awareness, and behavior. It was found that Maros had the highest percentage related with conservation behaviour (78%) followed by Soppeng (76%) while Sinjai had the lowest (64%). Meanwhile, the analysis between all variables towards the conservation behavior had also shown that there were differences between variables tested on conservation behavior occurred in the three regencies. In Maros, better knowledge had positive influenced towards conservation behavior while in Sinjai low level of awareness had driven the behavior. In contrary, for Soppeng none of variables can be found influencing the variables tested and this can be due to the existence of local regulation and cultural norms which were enacted by the local government of Soppeng Regency on fruit bat’s protection.
Selection of fungi that potentially produces IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) hormone origin of Takalar sugar factory waste
Authors: Lestari D , Asrul L , Kuswinanti T , Musa Y , Sulfahri
Published: July 2021

This research aimed to obtain fungi isolates from the laboratory collection Mycology Department of Plant Pests and Diseases Hasanuddin University which has the potential to produce hormones Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The isolate used is the result of isolation from Takalar sugar factory waste. Measurement The fungi isolate was inoculated in the media of Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) enriched L-Tryptophan and then added the Salkowski Reagent. The results showed a change in pink color showed the fungi can produce the IAA hormone. High and low content of IAA produced by fungi isolates was shown with pink color. The pinker the suspense color, the higher the IAA content. IAA concentration produced by the isolates was measured using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 520 nm. The IAA value is calculated by comparing it with the absorbance value of the standard curve. The results showed that the isolate D4 code produced the highest IAA hormone concentration of 10.17 ppm.
Nutritional content and organoleptic properties of bread made from modified cornflour
Authors: Arum R H , Syamsuri R , Dewayani W , Suryani  , Basri E
Published: July 2021

Corn flour can be used as a raw material for making bread as a substitute for wheat flour. Although it does not have sufficient gluten to develop bread, it has added value to bread by using modified cornflour. This study aims to determine the best formulation for processing modified cornflour into bread based on SNI and organoleptic. This research was conducted with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The treatment in this study was the substitution of wheat flour using modified cornflour with a concentration of 0% (control), 20%, 40%, and 60%. The results showed that the highest water and carbohydrate content was obtained from substitution with 20% modified cornflour, highest ash and fat content from 40% modified cornflour substitution, and the highest protein content was found in the control treatment or without modified cornflour substitution. Organoleptic testing showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in color and aroma of all treatments, while for texture, taste, and overall appearance, the highest score was obtained from control and substitution with 20% modified cornflour, where the score obtained for 20% substitution of modified cornflour was 3.63, 3.67, and 3.93 (like) respectively.
Pattern of coconut oil quality during storage
Authors: Karouw S , Santosa B , Maskromo I , Lintang M , Layuk P , Rawung J B M , Allo M L K
Published: July 2021

Coconut oil can be deteriorated by oxidation during storage and formed a rancid odor. The objective of the research is to evaluate coconut oil quality during storage by the addition of tocopherol as an antioxidant. The 11-12 months of coconut fruits harvested from Mapanget Tall coconut are used as raw materials. The oil is extracted by the wet method, and it was then formulated by the addition of tocopherol as an antioxidant on various concentrations (0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 % w/v). The oil samples were then stored at room temperature for 2 months and evaluated for their quality for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. The oils are measured for moisture, free fatty acids, peroxide value, and TBA value. The results of the research showed that the moisture of coconut oil is stable during storage with or without antioxidants. The addition of antioxidants affected the free fatty acid of coconut oil, whereas the oil without antioxidants having free fatty acid compared to others treated with antioxidants.
Resistance evaluation of sugarcane mutants to Sporisorium scitamineum, the causal agent of sugarcane smut disease
Authors: Hidayah N , Wijayanti K S , Murianingrum M , Yulianti T , Heliyanto B
Published: July 2021

Sugarcane is one of the important crops in the world. It can produce a broad range of valuable products in the area of food, health, agriculture, and bioplastic. However, sugarcane is vulnerable to Sporisorium scitamineum infection. The use of resistant varieties is believed to be a proper control method for the disease. The induced mutation is one of breeding program methods that can be considered to acquire resistant varieties of sugarcane to smut disease. In 2018, we did mutation for some sugarcane varieties then in 2019 the mutants were screened for their resistance to smut disease. This research aimed to identify the resistance character of sugarcane mutants to smut disease. The inoculation method was conducted by dipping the bud into S. scitamineum teliospore suspension for 10 minutes at 30 °C. The buds were then planted and maintained in the polybags. The results showed that out of 41 evaluated mutants, 11 mutants were highly resistant, 9 mutants were resistant, 8 mutants were susceptible and 13 mutants were highly susceptible to smut infection. It seems that we could obtain resistant sugarcane varieties through induced mutation, however the resistance of the cane is still being evaluated during the ratoon stage.
The farmer behavior using pesticide in maize plantation
Authors: Wirasti D , Aminah S N , Abdullah T , Fatahuddin  , Yuliani
Published: July 2021

Pesticide is poisonous compound containing synthetic chemicals and popularly used by farmers in crop management. The harmful synthetic chemicals contained in pesticides are capable of rapidly killing target organisms. However, the continuous use of pesticides killing natural enemies as the potential agent to control insect pests. Another risks the pesticide residues become the main source of environmental pollution. The research objective is to determine the behavior of farmers using pesticides in maize plantation. The research was conducted in Tenri Pakkua village, Lappariaja district, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi from January to March 2020. The research activity used a survey method in the form of interviews using a questionnaire to 35 respondent farmers. The results were showed about 97.15% of respondent control weeds using herbicides, about 2.85% of respondents control manual for the same weed. In addition, 62.86% of the respondent used herbicides for more than four years. The most insecticides used by respondents control insect pests in maize from the active ingredients: Permethrin (42.87%), Fipronil (14.29%), Lambda-cyhalothrin (11.44%) and Metomil (8, 58%). The results showed that farmers prefer use pesticides in the form of herbicides and synthetic insecticides because the results are visible, they quickly kill the target organism, the application does not require special skills and is easy to obtain (commercially available).
The effectiveness of rhizosphere bacteria in inducing the resistance of maize to downy mildew, Peronosclerospora philipinensis
Authors: Djaenuddin N , Azrai M , Kuswinanti T , Patandjengi B
Published: July 2021

The aim of study was to determine the efficacy of bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere in influencing the resistance of maize to downy mildew by measuring the accumulated concentration of salicylic acid. Treatments were based on a fully randomized 2-factor design with 3 levels of; factor I (bacteria) 3 levels (b0 = no bacteria, b1 = Bacillus paramycoides Ga-3, b2 = B. cereus Si-4) and factor II (salicylic acid) 2 levels (as0 = 0 g/L and as1 = 2 g/L). The research was carried out at the greenhouse and plant pathology laboratory, Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI), from March to July 2020. Each treatment combination was tested on three varieties of maize, namely Anoman, Bima20, and Bima3. Hence there were 18 treatment combinations. Furthermore, the results showed that rhizosphere bacteria and salicylic acid could control downy mildew in maize. In the case of the Bima20 variety, the combined treatment of B. paramycoides Ga3 + salicylic acid had the lowest incidence of disease at 13%. Meanwhile, treatment of B. cereus Si4 + salicylic acid in the Bima3 variety had the lowest incidence of disease by 26%. Considering the results, the enrichment of salicylic acid content was highest at 9.6 ppm on maize which was applied with the rhizosphere bacterium B. paramycoides Ga3 + salicylic acid.
The effect of biochar corn cobs and rice husks on the chemical properties of vertisol from Kupang Regency of East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Masria  , Salli Maria Klara , Tang Basry Yadi , Syarifuddin Magfira
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of corn cobs and rice husk biochar on Vertisol chemical properties from Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor is the type of biochar which consists of biochar of corn cobs and rice husks. The second factor is the dose of biochar (% soil weight), consisting of 4 levels: 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6%, and incubated for two months. Chemical properties observed in this study included pH, C-organic, and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results showed that giving biochar of corn cobs and rice husks did not significantly affect changes in soil chemical properties.
The effect of fertilization and variety on maize productivity in two tillage systems in North Sumatra
Authors: Girsang S S , Manurung E D , Parhusip D
Published: July 2021

Maize is the second crucial food crop commodity that has great potential to develop in North Sumatra. The study’s objective is to determine maize production is influenced by fertilization and varieties under two tillage systems. The experiment is conducted in Batu Mamak Village, Juhar Sub-District, Karo District period March-August 2019. The three factorial experiments are tillage systems (non-tillage and conventional), fertilization (soil test kid (STK), site-specific nutrient management (PuJS), and farmers practice (FFP), and variety (Bima 2, Bima 20, JH-27, Nasa-29, NK-22, P23). Each treatment is replicated four times using a randomized complete block design with a plot size is 25 m2. The result showed that a non-tillage system with the PuJS increased grain yield by 1.1% and 21.3% compared to PuJS and FFP on the tillage system, respectively. The existing variety was still dominant compared to the newly introduced types supported by total dry matter, harvest index, and 100 grains. Bulk density was inversely related to all components was inversely associated with Ksat (infiltration). The application of organic fertilizers with a non-tillage system can increase Ksat and grain yield and provide benefits to farmers of IDR22,778,591 with a B/C ratio of 1.36.
Isolation and identification of fungi associated with natural forest land and post-mining areas of PT. Vale Indonesia: Preliminary study
Authors: Jufri S W , Iswanto  , Larekeng S H , Arif A
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to determine the types of fungi that can provide information on microbes associated with the post-mining forest land area of PT. Vale Indonesia. This study used a descriptive method by recording and describing the phenomena obtained. Sampling in the field was done by taking 500 g of soil/point (with three replications). Soil samples were taken around the roots or rhizosphere areas with 10 - 30 cm depth in natural and reclamation forest areas. Isolation of microbial growth was conducted by using the dilution technique. The purification of the obtained isolates was carried out by inoculation in PDA media with the point method, then incubated for ± 5 days at 27°C, and their growth was observed. Characterization of microscopic fungi isolates was identified based on the characteristics of the morphological structures. Based on preliminary research results of fungi soil samples originating from reclamation and natural forest areas, 11 rhizosphere fungi isolates were obtained. The fungi colonies’ color at the top and bottom had various colors and different textures. Greenish and whitish colors dominated the colony color, but some isolates had white, brown, cream, gray, yellowish, whitish, greenish colors, and some had spots. Colony texture was dominated by velvet, but some isolates had the texture of fine cotton and coarse cotton, presumably Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp, Fusarium oxysporum, Pénicillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma viride. This research will be continued to ascertain the type and function of each isolate.
Development of an inhibitory drilling mud to reduce environmental pollution
Authors: Dvoynikov M V , Rozentsvet A V , Morov V P
Published: July 2021

During the drilling of oil and gas wells, drilling fluids are used to transport the drilled cuttings to the surface. The most commonly used drilling fluids are water-based with the addition of various polymers. Such mud systems are used not only for transporting cuttings, but also for drilling in unstable formations. When drilling clay rocks, they are hydrated and then dispersed, which leads to various accidents. Therefore, there is a need for the correct selection of the composition of the drilling fluid with high inhibitory properties. Since polymer solutions contain a large number of toxic chemical reagents, in order to reduce harm to the outside world, it is necessary to select a solution that performs all the necessary functions, but with a smaller amount of toxic chemical reagents. This paper discusses modern drilling fluids that are currently used in production, as well as developed new compositions of more environmentally friendly fluids.
Snakes of the Volga basin in the Red Data Books of Differnt Levels
Authors: Klenina A A , Bakiev A G
Published: July 2021

Currently, 11 species of snakes are reliably known to be found in the Volga River basin. Vipera renardi has been assigned the Vulnerable (VU) category on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The authors analyze the representation of snakes in the Volga basin in the latest editions of the Red Data Book (RDB) of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the RDB of the Russian Federation and the RDBs of Russian Oblasts, which are fully or partially related to the Volga basin. The species Hierophis caspius is included in the list of protected species in the RDB of Kazakhstan in the interfluve of the Volga and the Urals. The RDB of the Russian Federation considers rare and threatened three ophidiofauna species of the Volga basin: Eryx jaculus, Eryx miliaris, and Elaphe sauromates. Coronella austriaca is the most listed species in the Red Data Books of the constituent entities of Russia in the Volga Basin (35 Red Data Books); it is widespread but rare. The RDB of the Republic of Kalmykia protects the world’s northernmost population of Eryx jaculus. The RDBs of the Republic of Bashkortostan and Samara Oblast protect the world’s northernmost populations of Natrix tessellata, the RDB of Tatarstan protects the world’s northernmost population of Vipera renardi. The RDB of Volgograd Oblast protects the world’s northernmost population of Hierophis caspius, and the RDB of Samara Oblast – the northernmost population of Elaphe dione in Europe. Anthropogenic transformation of habitats, traffic-related deaths and actual killing of snakes are the main limiting factors in the RDBs. The authors believe that an effective measure of conservation is the creation of protected areas in the habitats of species, and, first of all, the preservation of winter brumation sites.
Corrigendum: Autoencoder based Wear Assessment in Sheet Metal Forming (2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1157 012082)
Authors: Niemietz Philipp , Unterberg Martin , Trauth Daniel , Bergs Thomas
Published: July 2021

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Profiting From Pablo: Victimhood and Commercialism in A Global Society
Authors: Goyes David Rodríguez , Franko Katja
Published: July 2021

Collective memory of atrocities is a fractured and disputed terrain. In this article, we empirically explore the complex process of translating violent events that took place in Medellín during the 1980s and 1990s into collective memory. It examines the conflict between Medellín inhabitants’ (in)ability to overcome trauma and shape their collective identity and the power of global media representations, exemplified by popular TV shows such as Narcos, to impose their narratives and consequently shape the present nature of the city. Drawing on original empirical material, consisting of ethnographic observations and interviews with residents of Medellín, including victims of narco-violence, this paper examines processes of memory commodification and its consequences on the global recognition of victimhood.
New insights into the diversity, taxonomy and history of the fern genusTrichomanes(Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae), with a focus on Africa and the western Indian Ocean
Authors: Dubuisson Jean-Yves , Péchon Timothée Le , Hennequin Sabine , Rouhan Germinal , Salino Alexandre , Deblauwe Vincent , Droissart Vincent , Tuomisto Hanna , Lehtonen Samuli , Ebihara Atsushi
Published: July 2021

The filmy fern genus Trichomanes mainly comprises Neotropical species and a few taxa in Africa and the western Indian Ocean. The aim of this study is to infer the phylogenetic placement of all five Afro-Malagasy taxa in the genus and to investigate their history via an expanded and dated phylogenetic analysis including 39 species representing over half the diversity of the genus. The results support the monophyly of Trichomanes including all the sampled species attributed to the genus, but also suggest the inclusion of the species Abrodictyum cellulosum, revealing a morphological diversity of the genus greater than what was traditionally recognized, and highlighting the importance of the campanulate sorus as a generic diagnostic character. To accommodate those new phylogenetic results and morphological investigations, we describe a new subgenus Afrotrichomanes grouping the Afro-Malagasy taxa (except T. crenatum). The dated history of the genus among the trichomanoids suggests at least two origins for the Palaeotropical species. A recent Cainozoic colonization from the Neotropics towards Africa gave rise to the West African taxon T. crenatum, and a possible Mesozoic vicariance event gave rise to subgenus Afrotrichomanes. The low species diversity of the genus in the Afro-Malagasy region is discussed.
The Value of Medical Registries and Observational Studies Early in Pandemics: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Experience
Authors: Albhaisi Somaya , Wenzel Richard P
Published: July 2021

Whereas randomized clinical trials remain the gold standard for evaluating new therapies for infections, we argue that registries and observational studies early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided invaluable understanding of the natural history and preliminary data on risk factors and possible treatments. We review the data from the current pandemic, the history of registries in general, and their value in public health emergencies. Lessons from these experiences should be incorporated into rigorous planning for the next pandemic.