bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image‐based evaluation of beers at an online Pint of Science festival using projective mapping, check‐all‐that‐apply, and acceptability
Authors: Orden David , Fernández‐Fernández Encarnación , Tejedor‐Romero Marino
Published: May 2023

A total of n = 67 untrained attendants at an outreach science festival, online because of the COVID‐19 pandemic but usually held at bars, used pictures of the brand logos to evaluate eight beers among the most commonly consumed in Spain. Projective mapping, acceptability and check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) were used, in all cases leading to a clear picture of the consumers' opinion. For projective mapping the panel provided four clear groups, the first dimension replicating the acceptability outcome and the second dimension separating the national beers from the foreign one. For CATA the panel differentiated beers on the basis of 8 of the 10 attributes considered. The best‐ and worst‐rated beers in acceptability were associated, respectively, with positive and negative emotions from CATA, the worst‐rated one being the only beer of type Pilsener and the one with the least alcohol.

Practical Applications

Not many works combined the use of projective mapping, check‐all‐that‐apply, and acceptability. This study contributes to a better understanding of how those three techniques complement each other to shed light on the consumers' preference about commercial beers, based on images of their logos. The results obtained would be helpful for beer manufacturers in order to interpret the perception of commercial beers in a large market like Spain. Furthermore, this study shows the appropriateness of two‐way feedback between research and outreach activities.
Disrupted white matter integrity in primary insomnia and major depressive disorder: relationships to sleep quality and depression severity
Authors: Benson Kathleen L. , Winkelman John W. , Gönenç Atilla
Published: May 2023

This study examined the integrity of white matter tracts in 25 participants with primary insomnia (PI), 50 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 25 healthy controls. Seven white matter tracts, selected based on prior research, were quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA) as well as by related measures of diffusivity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on a 3‐T scanner. All 100 participants were free of significant medical, psychiatric (excluding the MDD group) and sleep disorders (excluding the PI group), were free of central nervous system medications, and completed an extensive clinical assessment. Subjective and objective sleep measures revealed significant sleep disruption in both the PI and MDD groups. Relative to the controls, both the PI and MDD groups demonstrated impaired integrity in three of the seven white matter tracts: the genu of the corpus callosum (GenuCC), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). We demonstrated reduced FA in the GenuCC, reduced FA and reduced axial diffusivity (AD) in the SLF, as well as reduced AD and radial diffusivity in the ILF. Finally, in an exploratory analysis of the combined cohorts, FA in the GenuCC and FA in the SLF were negatively correlated with depression severity and positively correlated with total sleep time. Abnormalities documented in the GenuCC, SLF and ILF, and present in both the PI and MDD groups may suggest some shared neurobiology.
Equilibrium investment with random risk aversion
Authors: Desmettre Sascha , Steffensen Mogens
Published: May 2023

We solve the problem of an investor who maximizes utility but faces random preferences. We propose a problem formulation based on expected certainty equivalents. We tackle the time‐consistency issues arising from that formulation by applying the equilibrium theory approach. To this end, we provide the proper definitions and prove a rigorous verification theorem. We complete the calculations for the cases of power and exponential utility. For power utility, we illustrate in a numerical example that the equilibrium stock proportion is independent of wealth, but decreasing in time, which we also supplement by a theoretical discussion. For exponential utility, the usual constant absolute risk aversion is replaced by its expectation.
How an overlooked gene in coenzyme a synthesis solved an enzyme mechanism predicament
Authors: Cronan John E.
Published: May 2023

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor throughout biology. The first committed step in the CoA synthetic pathway is synthesis of β‐alanine from aspartate. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica panD encodes the responsible enzyme, aspartate‐1‐decarboxylase, as a proenzyme. To become active, the E. coli and S. enterica PanD proenzymes must undergo an autocatalytic cleavage to form the pyruvyl cofactor that catalyzes decarboxylation. A problem was that the autocatalytic cleavage was too slow to support growth. A long‐neglected gene (now called panZ) was belatedly found to encode the protein that increases autocatalytic cleavage of the PanD proenzyme to a physiologically relevant rate. PanZ must bind CoA or acetyl‐CoA to interact with the PanD proenzyme and accelerate cleavage. The CoA/acetyl‐CoA dependence has led to proposals that the PanD‐PanZ CoA/acetyl‐CoA interaction regulates CoA synthesis. Unfortunately, regulation of β‐alanine synthesis is very weak or absent. However, the PanD‐PanZ interaction provides an explanation for the toxicity of the CoA anti‐metabolite, N5‐pentyl pantothenamide.
High‐efficiency prime editing enables new strategies for broad‐spectrum resistance to bacterial blight of rice
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Liu Bo , Chen Qi‐Jun , Yang Bing
Published: May 2023

Using genetic resistance against bacterial blight (BB) caused byXanthomonas oryzaepathovaroryzae(Xoo) is a major objective in rice breeding programmes. Prime editing (PE) has the potential to create novel germplasm againstXoo. Here, we use an improved prime‐editing system to implement two new strategies for BB resistance. Knock‐in of TAL effector binding elements (EBE) derived from the BB susceptible geneSWEET14into the promoter of a dysfunctional executorRgenexa23reaches 47.2% with desired edits including biallelic editing at 18% in T0generation that enables an inducible TALE‐dependent BB resistance. Editing the transcription factor TFIIA geneTFIIAγ5required for TAL effector‐dependent BB susceptibility recapitulates the resistance ofxa5at an editing efficiency of 88.5% with biallelic editing rate of 30% in T0generation. The engineered loci provided resistance against multipleXoostrains in T1generation. Whole‐genome sequencing detected noOsMLH1dn‐associated random mutations and no off‐target editing demonstrating high specificity of this PE system. This is the first‐ever report to use PE system to engineer resistance against biotic stress and to demonstrate knock‐in of 30‐nucleotides cis‐regulatory element at high efficiency. The new strategies hold promises to fend rice off the evolvingXoostrains and protect it from epidemics.
Controls on organic carbon stocks among restored wetland soils in the Long Point region of southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Loder Amanda L. , Zamaria Sophia A. , Arhonditsis George B. , Finkelstein Sarah A.
Published: May 2023

Freshwater marsh restoration can be a viable natural climate solution; however, the extent to which marsh soils bury and preserve organic carbon within policy‐relevant timescales remains highly uncertain. Here, we compare organic carbon masses and accumulation rates from an undrained reference marsh, a passively restored freshwater marsh (reflooded after 1954) and a chronosequence of actively restored freshwater marshes (<10 years in age) situated in Lake Erie watersheds in the Long Point Biosphere Reserve of Ontario, Canada. The reference site has sustained the highest rates of short‐term organic carbon accumulation (235 g C m−2 yr−1) over the last four decades and has the highest mass of soil organic carbon (122 tC/ha) at 0–30 cm depth. Organic carbon masses are highly variable among all restored wetlands (16–115 tC/ha) at 0–30 cm depth and are not strongly related to time since restoration at least over the last 10 years. Nonetheless, we show that passive wetland restoration generates high rates of organic carbon accumulation (144 g m−2 yr−1) on a multidecadal scale where sites are low‐lying, underlain by alluvial deposits and connected to larger ground and surface water networks. Active restoration measures (e.g. excavation, installation of berms) may promote organic carbon preservation, particularly where fine‐grained soil texture promotes waterlogging. We demonstrate the importance of substrate, topographic gradient, and hydrology in selecting sites for marsh restoration to maximize carbon sequestration, and argue that the presettlement context and reference paleorecords provide necessary baselines for directing successful wetland restoration.
HUMAN UNIQUENESS: DEBATES IN SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY
Authors: Priest Eric
Published: May 2023

In both science and theology, there has been a revolution in our understanding of the nature of human uniqueness. As a background to this Symposium on the subject, a summary is here given of the history of Homo sapiens that is being revealed by fossil, archaeological, and genetic evidence. This is followed by a description of some of the distinctive characteristics of humans that have been proposed in the past, such as language, tool use, self‐consciousness, art, and culture. Ideas from theology and philosophy that are salient for the dialogue with science are then mentioned, together with a summary of the scientific and theological insights on uniqueness from contributors to this Symposium in Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science.
Landmark-based analysis of speech differentiates conversational from clear speech in speakers with muscle tension dysphonia
Authors: Ishikawa Keiko , Pietrowicz Mary , Charney Sara , Orbelo Diana
Published: May 2023

This study evaluated the feasibility of differentiating conversational and clear speech produced by individuals with muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) using landmark-based analysis of speech (LMBAS). Thirty-four adult speakers with MTD recorded conversational and clear speech, with 27 of them able to produce clear speech. The recordings of these individuals were analyzed with the open-source LMBAS program, SpeechMark®, matlab Toolbox version 1.1.2. The results indicated that glottal landmarks, burst onset landmarks, and the duration between glottal landmarks differentiated conversational speech from clear speech. LMBAS shows potential as an approach for detecting the difference between conversational and clear speech in dysphonic individuals.
Effects of Visual Input Absence on Balance Recovery Responses to Lateral Standing Surface Perturbations in Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Jeon Woohyoung , Borrelli James , Hsiao Hao-Yuan
Published: May 2023

Although the ability to recover balance in the lateral direction has important implications with regard to fall risk in older adults, the effect of visual input on balance recovery in response to lateral perturbation and the effect of age are not well studied. We investigated the effect of visual input on balance recovery response to unpredictable lateral surface perturbations and its age-related changes. Ten younger and 10 older healthy adults were compared during balance recovery trials performed with the eyes open and eyes closed (EC). Compared with younger adults, older adults showed increased electromyography (EMG) peak amplitude of the soleus and gluteus medius, reduced EMG burst duration of the gluteus maximus and medius, and increased body sway (SD of the body’s center of mass acceleration) in EC. In addition, older adults exhibited a smaller % increase (EC—eyes open) of the ankle eversion angle, hip abduction torque, EMG burst duration of the fibularis longus, and a greater % increase of body sway. All kinematics, kinetics, and EMG variables were greater in EC compared with eyes open in both groups. In conclusion, the absence of visual input negatively affects the balance recovery mechanism more in older adults compared with younger adults.
Garnet crystallization does not drive oxidation at arcs
Authors: Holycross Megan , Cottrell Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

Arc magmas, the building blocks of continental crust, are depleted in total iron (Fe), have higher ratios of oxidized Fe to total Fe (Fe
3+
/∑Fe), and record higher oxygen fugacities (
f
O
2
’s) compared with magmas erupted at mid-ocean ridges. Garnet crystallization could explain these observations if garnet removes substantial amounts of Fe
2+
, but not Fe
3+
, from magma, yet this model for continental crust generation has never been tested experimentally. Analysis of garnets and melts in laboratory experiments show that the compatibilities of Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
in garnet are of similar magnitudes. Our results indicate that fractional crystallization of garnet-bearing cumulates will remove 22 % of total Fe from primary arc basalts but negligibly alter the Fe
3+
/∑Fe ratio and
f
O
2
of the melt. Garnet crystallization is unlikely to be responsible for the relatively oxidized nature of basaltic arc magmas or the Fe-depletion trend observed in continental crust.
Multilegged matter transport: A framework for locomotion on noisy landscapes
Authors: Chong Baxi , He Juntao , Soto Daniel , Wang Tianyu , Irvine Daniel , Blekherman Grigoriy , Goldman Daniel I.
Published: May 2023

Whereas the transport of matter by wheeled vehicles or legged robots can be guaranteed in engineered landscapes such as roads or rails, locomotion prediction in complex environments such as collapsed buildings or crop fields remains challenging. Inspired by the principles of information transmission, which allow signals to be reliably transmitted over “noisy” channels, we developed a “matter-transport” framework that demonstrates that noninertial locomotion can be provably generated over noisy rugose landscapes (heterogeneities on the scale of locomotor dimensions). Experiments confirm that sufficient spatial redundancy in the form of serially connected legged robots leads to reliable transport on such terrain without requiring sensing and control. Further analogies from communication theory coupled with advances in gaits (coding) and sensor-based feedback control (error detection and correction) can lead to agile locomotion in complex terradynamic regimes.
Hypermucoviscosity Regulator RmpD Interacts with Wzc and Controls Capsular Polysaccharide Chain Length
Authors: Ovchinnikova Olga G. , Treat Logan P. , Teelucksingh Tanisha , Clarke Bradley R. , Miner Taryn A. , Whitfield Chris , Walker Kimberly A. , Miller Virginia L.
Published: May 2023

Infections caused by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
continue to be a global public health threat; the treatment of these infections is complicated by the high frequency of multidrug resistance.
K. pneumoniae
produces a polysaccharide capsule required for virulence. Hypervirulent isolates also have a hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype that increases virulence, and we recently demonstrated that a horizontally acquired gene,
rmpD
, is required for HMV and hypervirulence but that the identity of the polymeric product(s) in HMV isolates is uncertain.
Cinnamaldehyde Targets the LytTR DNA-Binding Domain of the Response Regulator AgrA to Attenuate Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Jiang Xiaobing , Kang Rui , Yu Tao , Jiang Xiaojie , Chen Hong , Zhang Yiping , Li Yi , Wang Hailei
Published: May 2023

Listeria monocytogenes
can form biofilms on various food contact surfaces, posing a serious threat to food safety. Biofilm formation of
L. monocytogenes
is positively regulated by the Agr quorum sensing system.
Fatty Acids Abolish
Shigella
Virulence by Inhibiting Its Master Regulator, VirF
Authors: Trirocco Rita , Pasqua Martina , Tramonti Angela , Grossi Milena , Colonna Bianca , Paiardini Alessandro , Prosseda Gianni
Published: May 2023

In the absence of a valid vaccine, the main therapeutic approach currently used to treat shigellosis is based on the use of antibiotics. The emergence of antibiotic resistance jeopardizes the future effectiveness of this approach.
Supplemental Material: Modern sand provenance and transport across the western Gulf of Mexico margin
Authors: Lawton Timothy , al. et
Published: May 2023

Table S1: Raw petrographic data and sand descriptions. Table S2: Percentages of defined age groups, eastern Mexico rivers and beaches. Table S3: Detrital zircon U-Pb data.
Quantifying the impact of unmeasured confounding in observational studies with the E value
Authors: Gaster Tobias , Eggertsen Christine Marie , Støvring Henrik , Ehrenstein Vera , Petersen Irene
Published: May 2023

The E value method deals with unmeasured confounding, a key source of bias in observational studies. The E value method is described and its use is shown in a worked example of a meta-analysis examining the association between the use of antidepressants in pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage.
UK ERCP sedation practices, patient comfort and endoscopist characteristics: National Endoscopy Database (NED) analysis on behalf of the JAG and BSG
Authors: Beaton David , Rutter Matt , Sharp Linda , Oppong Kofi W , Awadelkarim Bidour , Everett Simon M , Mitra Vikramjit
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This analysis assessed current endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) practice within the UK, including use of sedation and patient comfort.

Methods

ERCPs conducted over 1 year (1 July 2021–30 June 2022) and uploaded to the National Endoscopy Database (NED) were analysed. The endoscopist workforce was classified by gender and specialty, use of sedation was analysed. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between patient age, gender and procedure indications on moderate to severe discomfort risk.

Results

27 812 ERCPs were performed by 491 endoscopists in 175 sites and uploaded to NED, an estimated 50% of total UK activity. 13% were training procedures, 94% of the endoscopists were male, with 72% being gastroenterologists. Most ERCPs were performed under conscious sedation (89%). The discomfort rate among patients aged 60–90 undergoing ERCP under conscious sedation was 4.2% (95% CI 3.9% to 4.5%), with only 5.5% (95% CI 5.2% to 5.9%) receiving greater than 5 mg midazolam or 100 µg fentanyl.

Younger patients (<30 years) had a higher discomfort risk during conscious sedation ERCPs than those aged 70–79 (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.3, p<0.05), while male patients had a lower discomfort risk compared with females (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.0, p=0.05).

Enhanced sedation (propofol or general anaesthetic) was associated with lower frequency of discomfort (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) compared with conscious sedation (5.1%, 95% CI 4.9% to 5.4%, p<0.05).

Conclusions

Conscious sedation is well tolerated for most patients and prescribing practices have improved. However, triage of more patients, particularly young females, to enhanced sedation lists should be considered to reduce discomfort rates in future.
Modeling and prediction of powered parafoil unmanned aerial vehicle throttle and servo controls through artificial neural networks
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Choudhury Bisheswar , Singh Amandeep , Ramkumar Janakarajan , Philip Deepu , Ghosh Ajoy Kanti
Published: May 2023

This study proposes a framework for developing a realistic model for throttle and servo control algorithms for a powered parafoil unmanned aerial vehicle (PPUAV) using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Two servo motors on an L-shaped platform, control and steer the PPUAV. Six degrees of freedom mathematical model of a dynamic parafoil system is built to test the technique's efficacy using a simulation in which disturbances mimic actual flights. A guiding law is then established, including the cross-track error and the line-of-sight approach. Furthermore, a path-following controller is constructed using the proportional-integral derivative, and a simulation platform was created to evaluate numerical data illustrating the route's validity following the technique. PPUAV was developed, built, and instrumented to collect real-time flight data to test the controller. These dynamic characteristics were sent into the ANN for training. A diverging-converging design was identified to obtain the best consistency between predicted and observed throttle and servo control values. For a comparable flight route, the control signal of the simulated model is compared with those of the actual and ANN-predicted models. The comparative findings show that the ANN-predicted and actual control inputs were almost identical, with an 80%–99% match. However, the simulated response showed deviation from the actual control input, with an accuracy of 50%–80%.
Flavor exotic triply-heavy tetraquark states in AdS/QCD potential
Authors: Mutuk Halil
Published: May 2023

We study the S-wave mass spectra of flavor exotic triply-heavy tetraquark states $$cc\bar{c}\bar{q}$$

c
c

c

¯

q

¯

, $$cc\bar{b}\bar{q}$$

c
c

b

¯

q

¯

, $$bb\bar{c}\bar{q}$$

b
b

c

¯

q

¯

and $$bb\bar{b}\bar{q}$$

b
b

b

¯

q

¯

. We adopt a diquark–antidiquark scheme to solve Schrödinger equation. The calculations are carried out in a nonrelativistic quark model with a color interaction described by a potential computed in AdS/QCD. The AdS/QCD potential model consists of a central potential which reflects short distance and large distance behaviour of QCD, spin dependent term for hyperfine splitting and a constant term. We find stable state candidates in the $$cc\bar{c}\bar{q}$$

c
c

c

¯

q

¯

sector whereas in the $$cc\bar{b}\bar{q}$$

c
c

b

¯

q

¯

, $$bb\bar{c}\bar{q}$$

b
b

c

¯

q

¯

and $$bb\bar{b}\bar{q}$$

b
b

b

¯

q

¯

sectors all the states lie above corresponding S-wave meson-meson thresholds.
The lattice of clones of self-dual operations collapsed
Authors: Bodirsky Manuel , Vucaj Albert , Zhuk Dmitriy
Published: May 2023

We prove that there are continuum many clones on a three-element set even if they are considered up to homomorphic equivalence. The clones we use to prove this fact are clones consisting of self-dual operations, i.e. operations that preserve the relation [Formula: see text]. However, there are only countably many such clones when considered up to equivalence with respect to minor-preserving maps instead of clone homomorphisms. We give a full description of the set of clones of self-dual operations, ordered by the existence of minor-preserving maps. Our result can also be phrased as a statement about structures on a three-element set: we give a full description of the structures containing the relation [Formula: see text], ordered by primitive positive constructability, because there is a minor-preserving map from the polymorphism clone of a finite structure [Formula: see text] to the polymorphism clone of a finite structure [Formula: see text] if and only if there is a primitive positive construction of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text].
An investigation of preclinical medical students’ preference for summative or formative assessment for physiology learning
Authors: Rae Mark G. , Abdulla Mohammed H.
Published: May 2023

Although several studies have investigated the relative effectiveness of regular summative versus formative assessments as tools to facilitate student learning and understanding, ours is the first to explicitly solicit students’ views on, and preferences for, either regular formative or summative assessment in preclinical medicine. We demonstrate that, overall, students preferred formative- to summative-type assessments, due to the immediacy of feedback, but also that summative tests incentivized them to study and keep up with material more.
Could treatment of autonomic dysfunction in early and prodromal Parkinson’s disease slow disease progression?
Authors: Doolittle Jade D.
Published: May 2023

A recently published study by Ma et al. (Ma J, Dou K, Liu R, Liao Y, Yuan Z, Xie A. Front Aging Neurosci 14: 898149, 2022) investigated the 5-year longitudinal association between sleep disorders and depression in early and prodromal Parkinson’s disease (PD). Not surprisingly, sleep disorders were associated with higher depression scores among patients with PD but, interestingly, autonomic dysfunction was revealed as a mediator between the two. This mini-review highlights these findings with an emphasis on the proposed benefit of autonomic dysfunction regulation and early intervention in prodromal PD.
Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Products for Estimation of Floods in Data-Scarce Environment
Authors: Masood Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Iqbal Mudassar , Nabi Ghulam , Kashif Hafiz Muhammad , Jawad Muhammad , Mujtaba Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Utilization of satellite precipitation products (SPPs) for reliable flood modeling has become a necessity due to the scarcity of conventional gauging systems. Three high-resolution SPPs, i.e., Integrated Multi-satellite Retrieval for GPM (IMERG), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), data were assessed statistically and hydrologically in the sparsely gauged Chenab River basin of Pakistan. The consistency of rain gauge data was assessed by the double mass curve (DMC). The statistical metrics applied were probability of detection (POD), critical success index (CSI), false alarm ratio (FAR), correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), and bias (B). The hydrologic evaluation was conducted with calibration and validation scenarios for the monsoon flooding season using the Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) and flow duration curve (FDC). Sensitivity analysis was conducted using ±20% calibrating parameters. The rain gauge data have been found to be consistent with the higher coefficient of determination (R2). The mean skill scores of GSMaP were superior to those of CHIRPS and IMERG. More bias was observed during the monsoon than during western disturbances. The most sensitive parameter was the base flow coefficient (AGD), with a high mean absolute sensitivity index value. During model calibration, good values of performance indicators, i.e., R2, Nash−Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percentage bias (PBIAS), were found for the used SPPs. For validation, GSMaP performed better with comparatively higher values of R2 and NSE and a lower value of PBIAS. The FDC exhibited SPPs’ excellent performance during 20% to 40% exceedance time.
Designing and Manufacturing of Industrial Robots with Dual-Angle Sensors Taking into Account Vibration Signal Fusion
Authors: Yan Jinshun , Cheng Haiqing
Published: May 2023

Industrial robots are an important way to realize the development of industrial industry intelligence and automation, an important driving force to accelerate the construction of Industry 4.0, and an important basic force to improve the professional level of industrial industry. The development of industrial robot technology has enhanced the requirements of its detection quality and the demand for data comprehensiveness. Most of the previous robots obtain the corresponding data through a single sensor system, which has a large error and a high limitation of the range of data obtained. The detection method of industrial robots has the problems of high cost and high professionalism. Therefore, this paper constructs a dual-angle sensor industrial robot detection system based on the fusion of multisource vibration signals and achieves the fusion of multisensor signals through Kalman filtering to provide reliable analysis data for the dual-angle sensor detection system. The experimental results show that Kalman filtering can effectively remove noise while preserving the original vibration signal characteristics and structure and improve the reliability and validity of the vibration signal. In addition, the dual-angle sensor detection system can realize the position detection of industrial robots according to the command standard and obtain the corresponding residual and standard values through system data analysis. The overall optimization of the system algorithm enhances the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.
Enhancing Spectral and Energy Efficiencies in a Cognitive Radio CRAN with PUEAs
Authors: Odwa Lilly Abau Yosia , Chen Yueyun
Published: May 2023

In a cloud radio access network, malicious users mitigate the attributes of primary users in order to occupy a specific idle spectrum band by sending false signals or carry out a denial of service attack. Moreover, with the increase in number of users and limited spectral and energy resources, the malicious users will compete for the spectrum with legitimate users, thus resulting in increase in spectrum scarcity problem. The most widely used defense approach against malicious users is the received signal strength method. However, harmful users can still imitate signal attributes and transmit powers of the primary users. Therefore, in order to elaborate the best method to tackle this vulnerability and hence make more spectrum available, the modified adaptive orthogonal matching pursuit localization algorithm is proposed to detect harmful users existing in the network. However, in order to elaborate the convergence speed of the proposed method, the regularized particle filter algorithm is applied to evaluate the performance of the modified adaptive orthogonal matching pursuit under real-time conditions. The restricted isometry property is used for the performance evaluation. Further, spectral and energy efficiencies are used in the simulation results for performance evaluation, in order to observe spectrum and energy utilization efficiencies. The simulation results show that the proposed method is better in terms of computational complexity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency compared to other matching pursuit approaches.
Global Existence and Large Time Behavior for the 2-D Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations without Heat Conductivity
Authors: Xiao Shuofa , Xu Haiyan
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we consider an initial value problem for the 2-D compressible Navier-Stokes equations without heat conductivity. We prove the global existence of a strong solution when the initial perturbation is small in

H

2

and its

L

1

norm is bounded. Moreover, we derive some decay estimate for such a solution.
Edge UAV Detection Based on Cyclic Spectral Feature: An Intelligent Scheme
Authors: Zhang Zhanbin , Ouyang Wenjiang , Gao Haitao , Jing Xiaojun
Published: May 2023

With the commercialization of the fifth-generation mobile communication network (5G), the scale of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry has continued to expand. However, the unregistered UAV has caused frequent harassment incidents at international airports, and the problem of UAV crimes is increasing. Radio technology supports long-distance detection of unregistered UAV and can be used as an efficient early warning method for unregistered UAV, which has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. The classic UAV detection based on remote control signal method faces technical bottlenecks such as being easily affected by environmental noise, high complexity, and low detection accuracy. In the paper, an UAV remote control signal detection method is proposed based on cyclic spectrum features. More specifically, a dataset of UAV remote control signal UAV-CYCset is firstly constructed in the frequency domain. Based on UAV-CYCset dataset, a network architecture is proposed based on improved AlexNet, and the average detection accuracy of the improved model reaches 85% (from -10 dB to 10 dB) according to the simulation experiments.
Stress Sensitivity of Proppant-Containing Fractures and Its Influence on Gas Well Productivity
Authors: Chen Hao , Wei Jianfei , Cheng Hanlie , Qin Qiang , Chen Ying , Zhang Linqiang
Published: May 2023

Formation pressure gradually decreases with fracturing fluid flowback and gas production. Due to the stress sensitivity of the fractures, the permeability of the artificial fractures after fracturing becomes lower, which significantly affects gas well productivity. This paper focuses on two questions: (1) the stress sensitivity of proppant-containing fractures with different roughness and (2) tight gas well productivity considering stress sensitivity. Two types of artificial fracture samples, smooth and rough, are prepared and filled with different proppant concentrations. Then, the changing confining pressure method is used to quantify sample stress sensitivity. On this basis, the productivity equation for the fractured well with finite conductivity that considers fracture and matrix stress sensitivity is derived, and the influence of stress sensitivity on productivity is discussed. The results show that proppant concentration and fracture surface roughness will significantly affect fracture permeability and stress sensitivity; with increasing proppant concentration, fracture permeability increases, stress sensitivity decreases, and well productivity increases; under the same proppant concentration, the stress sensitivity is lower and the gas production is higher for smooth fracture; and when the artificial fracture changes from no proppant to proppant, the productivity of the fracturing well is improved the most.
Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes of Azithromycin versus Doxycycline Containing Regimen in Inpatients with Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Babonji Alaa S. , Alshehri Sara J. , Alturaiki Abdulrahman M.
Published: May 2023

Background. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common serious infection that is usually treated with a macrolide with a β-lactam while doxycycline is considered an alternative due to limited evidence. Hence, we aimed to evaluate azithromycin versus doxycycline containing regimen in achieving clinical stability for inpatients with CAP. Materials and Methods. a retrospective cohort of inpatients with CAP receiving either azithromycin or doxycycline combined with a β-lactam. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who achieved clinical stability within 3 days, while secondary endpoints were the average days required to achieve clinical stability. Results. A total of 447 were included of which 379 received azithromycin while 68 received doxycycline containing regimen. The average age of the study population was 65.4 ± 21.1, of which 49% were females. Ceftriaxone was the most prescribed β-lactam. Majority of this cohort had a length of hospital stay of 5 days or less. Total percentage of patients who achieved clinical stability within 3 days were 257 (57.5%), of which 222 (58.6%) were in azithromycin group versus 35 (51.5%) in doxycycline containing regimen group;

p
=
0.275

. While the average day required to achieve clinical stability in both groups was 3.8 ± 3.2, in which 3.8 ± 3.3 in azithromycin versus 3.9 ± 2.7 in doxycycline containing regimen; (95% CI −0.98–0.68;

p
=
0.727

) Conclusions. These findings support that doxycycline is comparable in efficacy to macrolides with a β-lactam for inpatients with CAP as supported by current guideline recommendations.
Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution
Authors: Rastegar Bahar , Andersson Natalie , Petersson Alexandra , Karlsson Jenny , Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Valind Anders , Jansson Caroline , Durand Geoffroy , Romerius Patrik , Jirström Karin , Holmquist Mengelbier Linda , Gisselsson David
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

While patients with intermediate-risk (IR) Wilms tumors now have an overall survival (OS) rate of almost 90%, those affected by high-stage tumors with diffuse anaplasia have an OS of only around 50%. We here identify key events in the pathogenesis of diffuse anaplasia by mapping cancer cell evolution over anatomic space in Wilms tumors.

Experimental Design:

We spatially mapped subclonal landscapes in a retrospective cohort of 20 Wilms tumors using high-resolution copy-number profiling and TP53 mutation analysis followed by clonal deconvolution and phylogenetic reconstruction. Tumor whole-mount sections (WMS) were utilized to characterize the distribution of subclones across anatomically distinct tumor compartments.

Results:

Compared with non-diffuse anaplasia Wilms tumors, tumors with diffuse anaplasia showed a significantly higher number of genetically distinct tumor cell subpopulations and more complex phylogenetic trees, including high levels of phylogenetic species richness, divergence, and irregularity. All regions with classical anaplasia showed TP53 alterations. TP53 mutations were frequently followed by saltatory evolution and parallel loss of the remaining wild-type (WT) allele in different regions. Morphologic features of anaplasia increased with copy-number aberration (CNA) burden and regressive features. Compartments demarcated by fibrous septae or necrosis/regression were frequently (73%) associated with the emergence of new clonal CNAs, although clonal sweeps were rare within these compartments.

Conclusions:

Wilms tumors with diffuse anaplasia display significantly more complex phylogenies compared with non-diffuse anaplasia Wilms tumors, including features of saltatory and parallel evolution. The subclonal landscape of individual tumors was constrained by anatomic compartments, which should be considered when sampling tissue for precision diagnostics.
Supplementary Tables S1-S3 from Loss of LGR5 through Therapy-induced Downregulation or Gene Ablation Is Associated with Resistance and Enhanced MET-STAT3 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Posey Tressie A. , Jacob Joan , Parkhurst Ashlyn , Subramanian Shraddha , Francisco Liezl E. , Liang Zhengdong , Carmon Kendra S.
Published: May 2023

Table S1 shows IC50 values for irinotecan and anti-LGR5 ADCs in CRC cells with overexpression of STAT3-CA or LGR5; Table S2 shows IC50 values for MET and STAT3 inhibitors in CRC cells with and without loss of LGR5 expression; Table S3 shows combination index (CI) values for irinotecan or ADCs in combination with MET or STAT3 inhibitors
Supplementary Figure 1 from Novel Arginase Inhibitor, AZD0011, Demonstrates Immune Cell Stimulation and Antitumor Efficacy with Diverse Combination Partners
Authors: Doshi Aatman S. , Cantin Susan , Hernandez Marylens , Srinivasan Srimathi , Tentarelli Sharon , Griffin Matthew , Wang Yanjun , Pop-Damkov Petar , Prickett Laura B. , Kankkonen Cecilia , Shen Minhui , Martin Maryann San , Wu Song , Castaldi M. Paola , Ghadially Hormas , Varnes Jeffrey , Gales Sonya , Henry David , Hoover Clare , Mele Deanna A. , Simpson Iain , Gangl Eric T. , Mlynarski Scott N. , Finlay M. Raymond V. , Drew Lisa , Fawell Stephen E. , Shao Wenlin , Schuller Alwin G.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure 1
Fig. S3 from Small-Molecule–Mediated Stabilization of PP2A Modulates the Homologous Recombination Pathway and Potentiates DNA Damage-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Avelar Rita A. , Armstrong Amy J. , Carvette Gracie , Gupta Riya , Puleo Noah , Colina Jose A. , Joseph Peronne , Sobeck Alexander M. , O'Connor Caitlin M. , Raines Brynne , Gandhi Agharnan , Dziubinski Michele L. , Ma Daniel S. , Resnick Kimberly , Singh Sareena , Zanotti Kristine , Nagel Christa , Waggoner Steven , Thomas Daffyd G. , Skala Stephanie L. , Zhang Junran , Narla Goutham , DiFeo Analisa
Published: May 2023

Fig. S3
Figure 6 from Preclinical Evaluation of ON203, A Novel Bioengineered mAb Targeting Oxidized Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as an Anticancer Therapeutic
Authors: Rossmueller Gregor , Mirkina Irina , Maurer Barbara , Hoeld Verena , Mayer Julia , Thiele Michael , Kerschbaumer Randolf J. , Schinagl Alexander
Published: May 2023

ON203 inhibits tumor growth in a therapeutic prostate cancer xenograft model. A, Schematic presentation of the therapeutic prostate cancer xenograft model created with www.biorender.com. B, Tumor volume of subcutaneous PC3 tumor-bearing mice treated 15 times every other day intraperitoneally with vehicle, 60 mg/kg isotype IgG control antibody, 60 mg/kg C0008, or 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg ON203 followed for 34 days after randomization (n = 7–9/treatment group). Mean tumor volumes ±SEM are shown. Only data up to day 29 could be evaluated, because from this point on several animals had to be sacrificed because of excessive tumor growth. Levels of significance were calculated for all groups by repeated measures two-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparison correction on log-transformed data; ON203 versus C0008 (gray stars); ON203 versus vehicle + isotype IgG (black stars); ON203 40 mg/kg versus ON203 20 mg/kg (green stars) *, P ≤0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. C, Relative body weight change of animals in percent to day 0 (n = 7–9/treatment group, mean ± SEM). D, Mean tumor growth inhibition (TGI, mean ± SEM) by C0008 (60 mg/kg) versus ON203 (20, 40, or 60 mg/kg) calculated in percentage relative to the mean tumor volume from vehicle plus isotype IgG. Levels of significance were calculated by ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons test, *, P < 0.05. E, Representative images of Ki67 immunostaining of 60 mg/kg isotype IgG, 60 mg/kg C0008, or 40 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg ON203-treated PC3 tumors; scale bar, 60 μm. F, Percentage of Ki67-positive cells on IHC slides from 60 mg/kg isotype IgG, 60 mg/kg C0008, or 40 and 60 mg/kg ON203-treated tumors (n = 6/treatment group, mean ± SEM). Levels of significance were calculated by one-sided Student t test on log-transformed data, *, P ≤0.05. i.p., intraperitoneal; s.c., subcutaneous; SEM, standard error of mean; TGI, tumor growth inhibition.
Supplementary Table S1 from Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Savolitinib plus Osimertinib in an EGFR Mutation–Positive, MET-Amplified Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Model
Authors: Jones Rhys D.O. , Petersson Klas , Tabatabai Areya , Bao Larry , Tomkinson Helen , Schuller Alwin G.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Table S1
Supplementary Figure S1 from Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Savolitinib plus Osimertinib in an EGFR Mutation–Positive, MET-Amplified Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Model
Authors: Jones Rhys D.O. , Petersson Klas , Tabatabai Areya , Bao Larry , Tomkinson Helen , Schuller Alwin G.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure S1
Data from Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Savolitinib plus Osimertinib in an EGFR Mutation–Positive, MET-Amplified Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Model
Authors: Jones Rhys D.O. , Petersson Klas , Tabatabai Areya , Bao Larry , Tomkinson Helen , Schuller Alwin G.
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, oral EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) recommended as first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced/metastatic EGFR mutation–positive (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, MET amplification/overexpression is a common acquired osimertinib resistance mechanism. Savolitinib is an oral, potent, and highly selective MET-TKI; preliminary data suggest that combining osimertinib with savolitinib may overcome MET-driven resistance.

A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model with EGFRm, MET-amplified NSCLC was tested with a fixed osimertinib dose [10 mg/kg for exposures equivalent to (≈)80 mg], combined with doses of savolitinib (0–15 mg/kg, ≈0–600 mg once daily), both with 1-aminobenzotriazole (to better match clinical half-life). After 20 days of oral dosing, samples were taken at various time points to follow the time course of drug exposure in addition to phosphorylated MET and EGFR (pMET and pEGFR) change. Population pharmacokinetics, savolitinib concentration versus percentage inhibition from baseline in pMET, and the relationship between pMET and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) were also modeled.

As single agents, savolitinib (15 mg/kg) showed significant antitumor activity, reaching ∼84% TGI, and osimertinib (10 mg/kg) showed no significant antitumor activity (34% TGI, P > 0.05 vs. vehicle). Upon combination, at a fixed dose of osimertinib, significant savolitinib dose-related antitumor activity was shown, ranging from 81% TGI (0.3 mg/kg) to 84% tumor regression (15 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling showed that the maximum inhibition of both pEGFR and pMET increased with increasing savolitinib doses.

Savolitinib demonstrated exposure-related combination antitumor activity when combined with osimertinib in the EGFRm MET-amplified NSCLC PDX model.
The Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive System Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Bin , Ding Dong , Zhang Xiaoan , Zhang Junxi , Zhang Huanhuan , Liu Xinxin , Chang Hui , Gao Zhan , Yu Zengli
Published: May 2023

Posttranslational modification of proteins increases their diversity and maintains the stability of the intracellular environment. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) are an important family of epigenetic modification enzymes, which play a critical role in posttranslational modification. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the role of epigenetics, the structure and function of PRMTs have been gradually understood. PRMT enzymatic activity is related to a variety of cellular processes in digestive system malignancies, such as inflammation and immune response, activation of cell cycle and proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. A variety of chemical tools are developed to inhibit PRMT activity, which have been verified by tumor models and clinical trials. This review summarizes the structure and functions of PRMTs as a prelude to our further studies on their role in tumors. The involvement of different PRMTs in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors is then reviewed. In addition, the application of PRMT inhibitors as therapeutic agents for digestive system cancers is highlighted. In conclusion, PRMTs play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors, and their prognostic and therapeutic potential warrants further investigation.
Figure 6 from Patterns of Oncogene Coexpression at Single-Cell Resolution Influence Survival in Lymphoma
Authors: Hoppe Michal Marek , Jaynes Patrick , Shuangyi Fan , Peng Yanfen , Sridhar Shruti , Hoang Phuong Mai , Liu Clementine Xin , De Mel Sanjay , Poon Limei , Chan Esther Hian Li , Lee Joanne , Ong Choon Kiat , Tang Tiffany , Lim Soon Thye , Nagarajan Chandramouli , Grigoropoulos Nicholas F. , Tan Soo-Yong , Hue Susan Swee-Shan , Chang Sheng-Tsung , Chuang Shih-Sung , Li Shaoying , Khoury Joseph D. , Choi Hyungwon , Harris Carl , Bottos Alessia , Gay Laura J. , Runge Hendrik F.P. , Moutsopoulos Ilias , Mohorianu Irina , Hodson Daniel J. , Farinha Pedro , Mottok Anja , Scott David W. , Pitt Jason J. , Chen Jinmiao , Kumar Gayatri , Kannan Kasthuri , Chng Wee Joo , Chee Yen Lin , Ng Siok-Bian , Tripodo Claudio , Jeyasekharan Anand D.
Published: May 2023

Evaluation of M+2+6− cells in scRNA-seq datasets of DLBCL. A, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) of malignant B cells from the Roider and Steen cohorts. B, Proportion of subpopulations across samples and annotation of M+2+6− cells in UMAP. C, Correlation of genes enriched in the M+2+6− subpopulation as evaluated by scRNA-seq with hits from the bulk GEP cohorts (Fig. 5E). CCND2 is highlighted and is among the concordant hits (see also Supplementary Table S13). D, WikiPathways terms enrichment among genes positively associated with M+2+6− cells. Both axes in C and D are scaled exponentially for clarity (see also Supplementary Table S14).