bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory Assaults against Oblivion: Contrasting the Memory of Border Shifts in Cieszyn Silesia, Orawa, Spisz
Authors: Elbel Ondřej
Published: March 2024

This paper focuses on the memoryscapes of Cieszyn Silesia, Orawa and Spisz in a context of the border conflicts of the twentieth century. The regions located on the current Czech-Polish and Slovak-Polish border have lived through paralleled histories of the border demarcation after WWI, which was unprecedented there. In both cases the national minorities were left behind the border, outside of their home states. Their stories and memories are, however, not being researched together. This paper contrasts the patterns of memory production related to the border shifts in the landscape in both regions. Emphasis is placed on the memory sites, their narratives and memory activism related to the conflicting past. The results show that the main axes of both memory debates are contrasting. While the conflict over Cieszyn Silesia was most shaped by the short war in 1919, the lesser-known dispute over Orawa and Spisz was marked by numerous smaller incidents, assimilation efforts and a layer of post WWII violence. This has important consequences for the memory production. The other important differentiating factor is the scope of memory activism inside of the national minority group.
Evans-Jones, Gareth. 2022. “Mae’r Beibl o’n tu”: Ymatebion crefyddol y Cymry yn America i gaethwasiaeth (1838-1868). Cardiff: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru. [“The Bible’s on our side”: religious responses of Welsh people in America to slavery (1838-1868)]
Authors: Cleaves Richard
Published: March 2024

Evans-Jones, Gareth. 2022. “Mae’r Beibl o’n tu”: Ymatebion crefyddol y Cymry yn America i gaethwasiaeth (1838-1868). Cardiff: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru. [“The Bible’s on our side”: religious responses of Welsh people in America to slavery (1838-1868)]
Can the subaltern speak in autoethnography?: knowledging through dialogic and retro/intro/pro-spective reflection to stand against epistemic violence
Authors: Yazan Bedrettin , Keleş Ufuk
Published: March 2024

In this rather unorthodox dialogic autoethnography, our discussions revolve mainly around two main questions: Does autoethnography offer qualitative researchers (us) any affordances to respond to epistemic violence in the field of applied linguistics? If so, what are possible ways to generate de/colonizing knowledge through autoethnography without falling into the trap of epistemic violence ourselves? Throughout the manuscript, we take the liberty to express our beliefs/thoughts/emotions in the most personal ways possible. Talking to each other as well as our readers/listeners/companions, we problematize the global north/south, East/West, center/periphery, conformist/critical knowledging binaries and corresponding hierarchies precipitating theft and appropriation. To us, retro/intro/pro-spective reflection and dialogic communication are two possible ways to address epistemic violence with a particular focus on theft and appropriation. Later, drawing on our lived experiences, we discuss the ramifications of making pragmatic choices to further de/colonize research practices through autoethnography.
Non-destructive identification of wool and cashmere fibers based on improved LDA using NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Xin , Lan Qingle , Zhu Yaolin
Published: March 2024

With the advancement of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics technology, non-destructive qualitative testing has been widely applied in many fields. Both wool and cashmere are keratin protein fibers with many similarities in tissue structure, making it very difficult to distinguish between them. In order to achieve rapid and non-destructive identification of wool and cashmere, an improved linear discriminant analysis (ILDA) algorithm combined with NIR spectroscopy technology is proposed. The proposed method can also be used for the classification of extremely similar fibers and substances, with better classification performance. First, the spectral data of wool and cashmere are collected using an NIR spectrometer so as to reduce the influence of noise in the spectra; data preprocessing methods are used to correct the collected fiber spectra. Then, principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and ILDA are used to extract the characteristic variables from the spectral data. Finally, the extracted characteristic variables are input into the machine learning algorithm K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) classifier. In the experimental stage, three dimensionality reduction methods (PCA, LDA, and ILDA) are evaluated using the K-NN classification model. The fiber classification accuracy can reach 97% when using the ILDA method for dimensionality reduction. The results show that the proposed method is effective for the qualitative detection of different types of wool and cashmere fibers.
Study on the relationship between structure and moisturizing performance of seamless knitted fabrics of protein fibers for autumn and winter
Authors: Hu Yiru , Jin Zimin , Wang Qiuyu , Fang Chengxiao , Sun Yuqiang , Wen Xiaofeng
Published: March 2024

With dry weather and low humidity in autumn and winter, human skin is usually prone to dryness, even leading to itchy skin and other problems, so it is important to do a good job of skin moisturizing. The fabrics produced by using protein fiber have a certain moisturizing effect on human skin. Five types of yarn including collagen fiber, cheese protein fiber, silkworm pupa protein fiber, cashmere protein fiber, and viscose are chosen as veil materials, while nylon/spandex composite fiber is chosen as inner yarn material. Three fabric structures including the weft plain stitch, 1 + 1 mock rib, and 1 + 3 mock rib are selected for the study. Based on the full factorial experimental design method, 15 samples of seamless knitted fabrics are produced using a circular knitting machine. In order to investigate the effects of different veil materials and fabric structure of seamless knitted fabric on skin moisturizing performance, the skin moisture content test and the trans-epidermal water loss test were carried out before and after the fabric samples were wrapped around the skin of 20 participants. The results show that both the veil materials and the fabric structure have significant effects on the skin moisture content. The use of collagen yarn as the veil material and 1 + 1 mock rib as the fabric structure results in better moisturizing effects on human skin. In terms of the trans-epidermal water loss test, the fabric structure has significant effects on the results, while the veil material has no significant effect on it. However, the value of trans-epidermal water loss of the fabric with protein yarn is smaller than that of the fabric with ordinary viscose. Therefore, using cheese protein yarn as the veil material and 1 + 1 mock rib as the fabric structure results in a smaller trans-epidermal water loss value.
CORRIENTES Y TEMAS EN INFLUENCERS DE BIENESTAR HISPANOHABLANTES EN LA ERA DE LOS CUIDADOS EN 2023
Authors: Zerega Garaycoa María Mercedes , Tutivén Román Carlos Iván , Cisternas-Osorio Rodrigo , Labate Cecilia , Becker Cantariño Lilia Macarena
Published: March 2024

Introducción: Este estudio aborda el papel de los influencers del bienestar en el contexto postpandémico de crisis de salud mental y el marco del capitalismo contemporáneo. En este contexto, los individuos son impulsados a asumir el rol de "empresarios de sí mismos", encargándose de resolver de manera autónoma sus problemas psicológicos y emocionales. Metodología: La investigación combina un enfoque cualitativo e inductivo de contenido con una perspectiva cuantitativa deductiva. Se lleva a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de influencers hispanoamericanos en Instagram durante el año 2023. La muestra consiste en 50 cuentas, categorizadas en tres corrientes principales: influencers de corrientes académicas, de sabidurías y religiones, y pseudocientíficos y newages. Además, se mide el nivel de engagement y se analizan 150 publicaciones de 15 influencers seleccionados, considerando 10 publicaciones previas al 18 de octubre de 2023. Resultados: Los resultados revelan altos niveles de engagement en todos los influencers examinados. Predominan las publicaciones relacionadas con el bienestar emocional personal, el amor y la promoción de productos o servicios comerciales. Las tres corrientes identificadas presentan diferentes enfoques en la promoción del bienestar, destacando la diversidad de perspectivas en el ámbito de la salud mental y emocional. Discusión: La discusión se centra en las implicaciones de estos resultados en el contexto de la salud mental postpandémica y el papel de los influencers del bienestar. Se abordan las diferentes estrategias utilizadas por los influencers para abordar las necesidades emocionales y psicológicas de sus seguidores, así como la influencia de corrientes académicas, sabidurías religiosas y pseudocientíficas en la configuración de las narrativas de bienestar. Además, se exploran posibles implicaciones éticas y la necesidad de una mayor comprensión crítica del impacto de estos influencers en la salud mental de la sociedad.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA ANIMASI 2 DIMENSI BERBASIS KARAKTER SYEKH JANGKUNG DALAM PENINGKATAN SOCIAL SKILLS ANAK USIA DINI DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Rusmiati Rusmiati Rusmiati , Su’ad Su’ad , Gudnanto Gudnanto
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena masih ada beberapa anak belum berkembang secara optimal, diantaranya : bermain bersama temannya, mau berbagi, mau menolong, bersikap kooperatif, bertanggung jawab dan percaya diri. Diperlukan stimulus untuk mendukung perkembangan keterampilan sosialnya dengan media animasi 2 dimensi. Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis perencanaan, menghasilkan desain dan menganalisis Pengembangan Media Animasi 2 Dimensi Berbasis Karakter Syekh Jangkung Dalam Peningkatan Social Skills. Metode penelitian : kuantitatif dengan mengambil sampel anak kelompok B sebanyak 55 anak (TK Tunas Berlian Kecamatan Kayen, TK PGRI Godo Kecamatan Winong dan TK Dharma Wanita Klayusiwalan Kecamatan Batangan) dan 6 orang guru dari TK tersebut. Hasil penelitian: Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan yaitu media animasi 2 dimensi berbasis karakter Syekh Jangkung dalam peningkatan social skills didasarkan pada analisis kebutuhan anak dan guru. Berdasarkan hasil paired samples statistic diketahui kemampuan social skills anak pada kelas eksperimen dan kontrol hampir sama yaitu 50,9 dan 50,8 (kelas eksperimen) dan 50,8 (kelas kontrol).  Setelah diberikan perlakuan, rata-rata nilai posttest meningkat sebesar 82,7 dan 85,1(kelas eksperimen) dan 64,8 (kelas kontrol). Kesimpulannya bahwa pengembangan media animasi 2 dimensi berbasis karakter Syekh Jangkung efektif dalam meningkatkan social skills anak usia dini di Kabupaten Pati.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PPT INTERAKTIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS II SD
Authors: Widagdo Arif , Rifida Okta Cahya
Published: March 2024

Based on pre-research data obtained through interviews and observations It is known that the learning interest of student of class II were still low and there were a lack of media in learning Indonesian. This research was aimed to develop learning media for Bahasa Indonesia course in an Interactive PPT. The subjects in this study were 2nd grade students of SD Negeri Bintoro 4 Demak. The research was conducted in January – May 2021. The independent variable in this study was an interactive PPT learning media, the dependent variable in this study was the increase in students' interest in learning Indonesian. The research design used Research and Development. The development model used was the development model in Sugiyono 2015. The technique used test and non-test using data collecting instruments such as written test, questionnaire, interview, and documentation. The results had shown that the Interactive PPT media had been in very decent category with 87,5% percentage of material expert, 85% percentage of language expert, and 100% of media expert. Interactive PPT media was able to improve the learning outcomes from the minor scale of 15% to 100%, and the major scale of 40% to 68%. The conclusion of the research had shown that the use of Interactive PPT media was successfully developed, as well as able to improve students’ interest and learning outcomes
HUBUNGAN EFIKASI DIRI DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SENI TARI
Authors: Widyastuti Anis
Published: March 2024

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya hubungan antara efikasi diri dan minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar seni tari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasi. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 100 siswa kelas V SDN Gugus RA Kartini Kabupaten Pati. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sebelum melakukan analisis hipotesis, dilakukan uji prasyarat yaitu uji normalitas, linieritas, multikolinieritas, heteroskesdastisitas, dan autokorelasi. Selanjutnya analisis data dengan statistik desktiptif, analisis korelasi ganda, uji F, dan uji determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara efikasi diri dan minat belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar seni tari siswa nilai rhitung = 0,357 yang termasuk dalam kategori rendah serta berkontribusi sebesar 12,8% sedangkan 87,92 dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar seni tari dapat berhasil apabila didukung dengan minat belajar yang disertai efikasi diri siswa yang tinggi.

Dance is one of the arts that is studied in the SBdP lesson.The implementation of dance learning in class V at SDN Gugus RA Kartini has not been optimal. There are still many students who get scores below the standard of minimum completeness. Many factors influence student learning outcomes both internally and externally, including self-efficacy and interest in learning. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and learning interest towards the learning outcomes of dance lesson. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of correlation research. The subjects of this study were 100 students of class V at SDN Gugus RA Kartini, Pati Regency. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Before carrying out the hypothesis analysis, prerequisite tests were carried out, namely normality, linearity, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. Furthermore, data analysis with descriptive statistics, multiple correlation analysis, F test, and determination test. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and interest in learning together on students' dance learning outcomes rcount = 0.357 which was included in the low category and contributed 12.8% while 87.92 was influenced by other factors that not researched. This research shows that the results of learning the art of dance can be successful if it is supported by an interest in learning accompanied by student self-efficacy.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO ANIMASI DORATOON MATERI KEBERAGAMAN SOSIAL BUDAYA DI INDONESIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V
Authors: Rabiah Rabiah , Widodo Susilo Tri
Published: March 2024

Hasil belajar dan konsentrasi belajar siswa yang masih rendah, pengaruh teknologi serta minimnya penggunaan media dalam pembelajaran menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini. Penelitian ini termasuk research and development (R&D) model Borg and Gall dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan, menguji kelayakan dan keefektifan media video animasi doratoon muatan pembelajaran PPKn kelas V tema 8 Subtema 1. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri Purwoyoso 01 Semarang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tekni tes dan nontes. Adapun hasil penelitian ini yakni pengembangan media komik dengan model Borg and Gall melalui 8 dari 10 tahapan yang ada dengan pengembangan pada aspek konten dan tampilan, media juga mendapatkan kategori sangat layak dengan penilaian ahli materi 96%, ahli media 88%, tanggapan positif guru 100% serta siswa 93%. Media video animasi doratoon dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan rata-rata pretst 66,1 dan posttest 82,4 sehingga media animasi doratoon memberikan pengaruh peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan kriteria sedang.
PENGARUH MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA POWTOON TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA
Authors: Widyaningrum Ariska Setya
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi dan menguji pengaruh model project based learning berbantuan media powtoon terhadap hasil belajar IPA peserta didik Kelas V SD di Gugus Halmahera Kabupaten Blora. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif eksperimen. Desain penelitian menggunakan Quasi Experimental bentuk Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi model project based learning berbantuan media powtoon terhadap aktivitas peserta didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dapat terlaksana dengan melibatkan banyak aktivitas sesuai dengan sintaks. Hasil uji t-test didapatkan nilai sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05, maka Ha diterima. Sehingga terdapat perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar antara kedua kelas. Hasil peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar dengan menggunakan uji N-Gain kelas eksperimen lebih besar daripada kelas kotrol yaitu 0,7309 > 0,6283. Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa telah berhasil diimplementasikan model project based learning berbantuan media powtoon dan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar muatan pembelajaran IPA peserta didik kelas V SD di Gugus Halmahera Kabupaten Blora.

 

This study aims to determine the implementation and test the effect of the project-based learning model assisted by Powtoon media on the science learning outcomes of Class V elementary school students in the Halmahera Cluster, Blora Regency. This type of research used is a quantitative experiment. The research design uses a Quasi-Experimental form of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The results of the study show that the implementation of the project-based learning model assisted by Powtoon media on student activities in learning activities can be carried out by involving many activities according to the syntax. The results of the t-test obtained sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 <0.05, then Ha is accepted. So there is a significant average difference in learning outcomes between the two classes. The results of increasing the average learning outcomes using the N-Gain test for the experimental class were greater than the control class, namely 0.7309 > 0.6283. The conclusion from this study is that the project based learning model has been successfully implemented with the help of powtoon media and has had a significant effect on the learning outcomes of science learning content for fifth grade elementary school students in the Halmahera Cluster, Blora Regency.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR NORMA DAN PENERAPANNYA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL SEMARANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V
Authors: Arifa Dwi , Sari Nawang Wulan , Widodo Susilo Tri , Aniswatin Nor
Published: March 2024

Textbooks are one of the learning resources needed in the learning process. The aim of this research is to develop a textbook on Norms and their Application based on the local wisdom of Semarang City. The research method used is Research and Development. The development model used is the ADDIE model which starts from analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The subjects in this research were fifth grade students at SD Negeri Wates 02. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observations and tests. To determine the suitability of a textbook, it must be assessed by media experts and material experts. The validation test results show that the textbook developed is in the very appropriate category both in terms of media and material. The percentage of media validation test results is 93% while the material validation test results are 91,66%. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of textbooks is carried out through tests. As many as 92% of students have completed and only 8% have not completed. From the results of validation tests and tests, this textbook can be said to be feasible and effective.
Risktaking Behavior in Fintech Users Peer To Peer Lending
Authors: Irwanto Muhammad Arif , Azis Abdul
Published: March 2024

Current technological developments provide convenience to the community, one of which is in debt through online loan applications. However, this has led to a change in the behavior of people who like to make loans without thinking about the risks involved. This study aims to describe risk-taking behavior in peer-to-peer lending fintech users.  This type of research uses descriptive quantitative methods. The sample used in this study amounted to 160 subjects of peer-to-peer lending fintech users. Accidental sampling techniques were used in this study. The method used is a descriptive analysis method and data collection using a risktaking behavior scale with a reliability coefficient value of 0.923 with a total item of 25 and is declared valid in each variable. Based on analysis through research data software tools on the description of risktaking behavior in peer-to-peer lending / p2p fintech users, it was concluded that peer-to-peer lending / p2p fintech users were in the low risktaking behavior category of  60.6%, medium criteria of 35%, and high criteria of 4.4%. This means that the risk-taking behavior raised by the subjects of peer-to-peer lending fintech users in this study is quite low whereas behavior that contains risk leads individuals to the negative possibility they will receive is low.
Work Readiness in Final Grade Students the Theory of the Big Five Personality
Authors: Firdaus Moh. , Azis Abdul
Published: March 2024

Unemployment is one thing that has always been a threat to every country in the world. Based on the official website of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), it is stated that at least less than one million students or undergraduate graduates became victims of this action. Many solutions can be made to reduce the level and number of actions, one of which is by increasing work readiness. Then the difference in work readiness that is owned by each individual or student, cannot be separated from the factors that influence it, one of which is personality. The personality of each of course has differences between individuals, because personality is one of the systems within individuals who are born sedentary. One approach in studying personality theory is the big five-personality. This study aims to provide an overview of the level of work readiness and the influence of the top five personality traits. The type of research used is correlational quantitative, with the sampling technique used is random sampling. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression with the help of data processing software. The results of hypothesis testing which was carried out simultaneously showed a significance of 0.000, where there was an influence between the big five-personality on work readiness. then obtained through a test of the coefficient of determination of 33.3% or 69.2% influenced by other factors not explained in this study. The results of hypothesis testing which was carried out partially included in the extraversion dimension with a significance of 0.000 (p <0.05) which means a positive and significant effect on the work readiness variable.
Microbiome: Mammalian milk microbiomes: sources of diversity, potential functions, and future research directions
Authors: Power Michael L , Muletz-Wolz Carly R , Bornbusch Sally L
Published: March 2024

Graphical abstract

Milk is an ancient, fundamental mammalian adaptation that provides nutrition and biochemical communication to offspring. Microbiomes have been detected in milk of all species studied to date. In this review, we discuss: (a) routes by which microbes may enter milk; (b) evidence for proposed milk microbiome adaptive functions; (c) variation in milk microbiomes across mammals; and (d) future research directions, including suggestions for how to address outstanding questions on the viability and functionality of milk microbiomes. Milk microbes may be sourced from the maternal gastrointestinal tract, oral, skin, and mammary gland microbiomes and from neonatal oral and skin microbiomes. Given the variety of microbial sources, stochastic processes strongly influence milk microbiome assembly, but milk microbiomes appear to be influenced by maternal evolutionary history, diet, environment, and milk nutrients. Milk microbes have been proposed to colonize the neonatal intestinal tract and produce gene and metabolic products that influence physiology, metabolism, and immune system development. Limited epidemiological data indicate that early-life exposure to milk microbes can result in positive, long-term health outcomes. Milk microbiomes can be modified by dietary changes including providing the mother with probiotics and prebiotics. Milk replacers (i.e. infant formula) may benefit from supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, but data are lacking on probiotics’ usefulness, and supplementation should be evidence based. Overall, milk microbiome literature outside of human and model systems is scarce. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies in model species paired with comparative studies across mammals to further our understanding of mammalian milk microbiome evolution. A broader study of milk microbiomes has the potential to inform animal care with relevance to ex situ endangered species.

Lay summary

Milk is an ancient adaptation that supports the growth and development of mammalian neonates and infants. Beyond its fundamental nutritional function, milk influences all aspects of neonatal development, especially immune function. All kinds of milks so far studied have contained a milk microbiome. In this review, we focus on what is known about the collection of bacterial members found in milk microbiomes. Milk microbiomes include members sourced from maternal and infant microbiomes and they appear to be influenced by maternal evolutionary history, diet, milk nutrients, and environment, as well as by random chance. Once a neonate begins nursing, microbes from milk colonize their gut and produce byproducts that influence their physiology, metabolism, and immune development. Empirical data on milk microbiomes outside of humans and model systems are sparse. Greater study of milk microbiomes across mammals will expand our understanding of mammalian evolution and improve the health of animals under human care.
Harnessing the power within: engineering the microbiome for enhanced gynecologic health
Authors: Brennan Caitriona , Chan Kristina , Kumar Tanya , Maissy Erica , Brubaker Linda , Dothard Marisol I , Gilbert Jack A , Gilbert Katharine E , Lewis Amanda L , Thackray Varykina G , Zarrinpar Amir , Knight Rob
Published: March 2024

Graphical abstract

Although numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of microbiome manipulation on human health, research on the microbiome’s influence on female health remains relatively limited despite substantial disease burden. In light of this, we present a selected review of clinical trials and preclinical studies targeting both the vaginal and gut microbiomes for the prevention or treatment of various gynecologic conditions. Specifically, we explore studies that leverage microbiota transplants, probiotics, prebiotics, diet modifications, and engineered microbial strains. A healthy vaginal microbiome for females of reproductive age consists of lactic acid-producing bacteria predominantly of the Lactobacillus genus, which serves as a protective barrier against pathogens and maintains a balanced ecosystem. The gut microbiota’s production of short-chain fatty acids, metabolism of primary bile acids, and modulation of sex steroid levels have significant implications for the interplay between host and microbes throughout the body, ultimately impacting reproductive health. By harnessing interventions that modulate both the vaginal and gut microbiomes, it becomes possible to not only maintain homeostasis but also mitigate pathological conditions. While the field is still working toward making broad clinical recommendations, the current studies demonstrate that manipulating the microbiome holds great potential for addressing diverse gynecologic conditions.

Lay summary

Manipulating the microbiome has recently entered popular culture, with various diets thought to aid the microbes that live within us. These microbes live in different locations of our body and accordingly help us digest food, modulate our immune system, and influence reproductive health. The role of the microbes living in and influencing the female reproductive tract remains understudied despite known roles in common conditions such as vulvovaginal candidiasis (affecting 75% of females in their lifetime), bacterial vaginosis (25% of females in their lifetime), cervical HPV infection (80% of females in their lifetime), endometriosis (6–10% of females of reproductive age), and polycystic ovary syndrome (10–12% of females of reproductive age). Here, we review four different approaches used to manipulate the female reproductive tract and gastrointestinal system microbiomes: microbiota transplants, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions, and the use of engineered microbial strains. In doing so, we aim to stimulate discussion on new ways to understand and treat female reproductive health conditions.
The Beating of Chemical Pulps – The Action and the Effects
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Page D. H.
Published: March 2024

The article reviews the state of knowledge of the action and effect of beating on chemical pulps. The view is put forward that the problem is so complex that researchers have been tempted to oversimplify it, but some of these simplifications now may represent a barrier to progress. New approaches incorporating newly developed research techniques are proposed for future research efforts.
Experiences of Financial Stress and Supports in Caregivers During Pediatric Hospital Admission
Authors: Nadarajah Ajantha , Lazor Tanya , Meserve Allison , Buchanan Francine , Birken Catherine , van den Heuvel Meta
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

In Canada and the United States, ∼1 in 5 children live in poverty, contributing to poor health outcomes. Families with children with chronic illness may experience additional financial stress related to hospitalization. This study aimed to capture experiences of financial needs and supports among caregivers with a child admitted to a tertiary care pediatric hospital to inform hospital-based financial services to reduce financial stress in families.

METHODS

We recruited caregivers of children admitted to the general inpatient ward of an academic pediatric center using purposive sampling with no exclusion criteria. Individual, semistructured, in-depth interviews with participants were conducted. Data collected included socio-demographics, financial needs, and experiences with financial supports. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed on NVivo software using a modified-grounded theory approach and summative content analysis.

RESULTS

Fifteen caregivers of diverse backgrounds were interviewed, including non-English speakers (n = 4). Three themes and associated subthemes (in parentheses) were identified: (1) financial stress expressed by participants (acute admission-related and chronic financial stress), (2) challenges associated with accessing and utilizing financial supports (caregiver factors, systemic hospital factors, and systemic government factors), and (3) ideas for financial services at the pediatric hospital (services that will provide acute- and chronic financial assistance including education about financial supports and benefits).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study highlighted acute and chronic financial needs as well as challenges in accessing financial support. Participants were interested in the healthcare system gaining a comprehensive understanding of their financial circumstances and accessing financial services in a hospital setting.
Cambios de algunas propiedades químicas en tres suelos salinos, tratados con cinco enmiendas cálcicas
Authors: Cedeño Coll Edgar Patricio , Dilas Jiménez Josué Otoniel , Carrillo Zenteno Manuel Danilo
Published: March 2024

Introducción. Los suelos salinos son una amenaza para la productividad de los cultivos, lo que ocurre en las zonas arroceras del Ecuador. Objetivo. Evaluar los cambios en algunas propiedades químicas en 3 suelos debido al efecto de la aplicación de 5 enmiendas minerales, particularmente los efectos sobre las variables relacionadas con la salinidad. Materiales y métodos. Las enmiendas cálcicas ensayadas (CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, CaSO4.2H2O, CaSiO4) y una zeolita, se aplicaron en 5 dosis al cultivo de arroz. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con arreglo factorial 3 x 5 x 5 x 3 de los tratamientos. Cada tratamiento se repitió 3 veces. Resultados. Los tratamientos provocaron cambios en la Conductividad Eléctrica (CE) y pH de la solución del suelo y en la fertilidad del suelo. La salinidad de los suelos en la zona de estudio se debe a la presencia de Na+, K+, Ca2+ y principalmente Mg2+ en el extracto de saturación de los suelos. Conclusiones. El uso de enmiendas en general, específicamente CaSO4, zeolita y Ca(OH)2, mejoraron las propiedades químicas de los suelos al reducir la CE de la solución del suelo.
Modern Recipes
Authors: Hertzmann Peter
Published: March 2024

The article looks at common causes for the breakdown in communication between recipes and cooks and surveys the evolution of the recipe genre over the centuries. Today's most common cause being that many people buying cookbooks do not know the basics of cooking and recipes alone cannot teach a person to cook.
Sharon Hudgins, ed.: Food on the Move: Dining on the Legendary Railway Journeys of the World
Authors: Bilton Sam
Published: March 2024

Sharon Hudgins, ed.: Food on the Move: Dining on the Legendary Railway Journeys of the World: Reaktion Books, 2018: 256 pp., hardback, £25.00.
Military review in the context of cyber-warfare. Article 36 of 1977 additional protocol i in practice
Authors: Łasa Robert
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to present the modern challenges facing the armed forces in examining the legality of means and methods of warfare, especially means and methods of warfare used in cyberspace. The study presents the method of military review in the context of Art. 36 of Additional Protocol I of 1977 and the need to extend it to modern means and methods of warfare. In addition, the positions of the states on the application of the military review to means and methods of warfare in cyberspace are presented.
Dodatkowe wymogi formalne pozwu i wniosku o wszczęcie postępowania nieprocesowego związane ze stanem zagrożenia epidemiologicznego
Authors: Stasiak Jaroslaw
Published: March 2024

Jednym z pomysłów na usprawnienie postępowania cywilnego w czasach pandemii koronawirusa było wprowadzenie elektronicznej oraz bezpośredniej formy komunikacji zawodowych pełnomocników z sądem, którego początkiem miało być podawanie w pismach wszczynających postępowanie cywilne adresu poczty elektronicznej oraz numeru telefonu komórkowego. W artykule autor stara się ocenić skuteczność poczynionego przez ustawodawcę założenia. Wskazuje liczne uwagi jakie poczyniły samorządy zawodowe profesjonalnych pełnomocników co do wprowadzonego rozwiązania, jak i omawia powstałe na jego tle orzecznictwo i poglądy doktryny. Ostatecznie weryfikuje, czy byłoby słusznym wprowadzenie powyższego rozwiązania w przepisach kpc, zarówno w regulacji ogólnej jak i w niektórych postępowaniach odrębnych oraz wskazuje jakie inne warunki musiałby zostać spełnione, gdyby powyższy zamiar został zrealizowany.
Parental uncertainty in plans and education of ukrainian refugee children in European countries: a pilot study introduction
Authors: Chovpan Ganna
Published: March 2024

The aim of this article is to better understand parents' decisions regarding their children's education in the face of uncertainty in plans. The focus of this paper is twofold. First, the author shows how, even with sufficiently favorable mechanisms for integration into the host society, immediate protection status, and substantial material support, uncertainty affect the experience of refugee parents with temporary protection status. The author also wants to show how, at a time of the greatest uncertainty in the plans of refugee parents, distance education makes its own special and distinct contribution to the educational strategy. The survey was completely anonymous, with 160 respondents, 65 of whom currently reside in Germany, 61 in Poland as well as 34 in the UK. The pilot study involved parents from three countries – Poland, Germany and the United Kingdom. These are the countries that have received the most significant number of Ukrainian refugees. It was concluded that the desire to complete all possible strategies in the education of their children is highest among those who are in a state of greatest uncertainty. Such parents tend to continue educating their children remotely in Ukraine and in local schools in parallel. This strategy creates an unnecessary burden on children and possibly worsens their adaptation in local schools, but in the parents' opinion, it insures children from possible gaps in their education. It is necessary to develop more flexible criteria for different groups of refugee children, depending on their age and their parents' plans to return home
The concept of teaching mechanical engineering students to prepare design documents in accordance with national and international standards
Authors: Kukhar Viktor , Bondarenko Andrii
Published: March 2024

The purpose was to develop the concept of training students - mechanical engineers in the variable formatting of design documents in accordance with national and international standards and to create a set of educational and methodological materials for its implementation.

The concept envisages the development and implementation of two simultaneously taught courses covering Ukrainian and international requirements for the development and execution of design documents. It is the simultaneous teaching of these courses that makes it possible to acquire the relevant knowledge and skills and to have a unique opportunity to compare different standardisation systems for the same type of design documents in accordance with different stages of the machine life cycle.

The didactic foundations of the pedagogical process and modern principles of organising the learning process have been applied to involve the higher education seekers in mastering professional experience in the field of mechanical engineering and creating positive changes in the formation and development of the individual.

New courses have been created and teaching materials have been prepared for mechanical engineering students to study national and international regulatory frameworks and master the practical skills of their use in future professional activities related to the formatting of design documents.

The work applies a systematic approach that combines elements of the pedagogical system in conjunction with the integrity of the evolutionary development of the applicant, taking into account the dynamic state of development of the modern engineering industry at the national and international levels.

Acquiring relevant knowledge and skills by higher education seekers in design documents following national and international standards ensures an increase in their professional status and competitiveness in the Ukrainian labor market and accelerates the adaptation of Ukrainian specialists to the current conditions of globalization in mechanical engineering
Investigation of drill string dynamics using probabilistic methods
Authors: Svitlytskyi Viktor , Iagodovskyi Sergii , Boshkova Iryna
Published: March 2024

The object of research is a drill string. The work is directed to the study of the drill string dynamics and its influence on the rock, which is drilled using probabilistic methods.
It is shown that the nature of the vibrations of the top of the drill string and the downhole signals are different and have a stationary random character. It is proved that the process at the output of the drill string, taking into account random disturbances, is narrow-band (quasi-harmonic) or close to it. It is found that the energy composition of the spectrum sections and the appearance of resonance peaks and their displacement is directly determined by the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks being drilled, as one of the factors that determines the vibration state of the drill string. Graphs of the spectral density of the power of pitting vibrations are given, showing their amplification at frequencies of 30–40 Hz as the hardness of the rocks being drilled increases. The maximum of the power density bending curve shifts towards low frequencies. There is a «mutual convergence» of the maxima of the power spectral density of the oscillations of the top and bottom of the drill string. It is shown that an important feature of drill string vibrations in the process of drilling with ball bits is that the intensity of vibrations of the top of the drill string passes with frequencies close to low frequencies, and the vibrations of the bottom of the string – to high frequencies.
It is determined that the process at the output of the drill string, taking into account random disturbances, is narrow-band (quasi-harmonic) or close to it. As a result, the assumption of a narrow band at the output of the system, which is the basis of theoretical research, is justified. It is proven that the drill string, as a system with liquid filling under pressure, is more stable compared to a hollow structure. The washing liquid, in this case, plays the role of a dynamic absorber.
Analysis of experience in optimizing the operation of an automated production line for folding cardboard boxes
Authors: Malyi Oleksandr , Furmanova Nataliia , Onyshchenko Vadym , Pospeieva Iryna , Kostianoi Pavlo
Published: March 2024

The object of research is an automated system for controlling the bending mechanisms of the folding-gluing line for cardboard packaging products. In the work, the ways of optimization and the development of an automated control system for the bending mechanisms of the folding and gluing line, which makes it possible to fold various structures and standard sizes of cardboard boxes using modern automation tools based on programmable logic controllers, were carried out in the work.
A mathematical model has been proposed to describe operations on the folding-gluing line. Based on the model, a methodology has been developed for calculating the parameters of the automated control system for the box folding production line, depending on the technical parameters of the line and the parameters of the boxes to be bent. This will make it possible to choose optimal technological modes of the production process and obtain high quality parameters of cardboard packaging products. To verify the mathematical model of the production line, software has been developed in the Delphi development environment, which was applied with the developed automated production process control system based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) and an operator panel. This produced a number of results, in particular, controlling the speed of the hook bend in proportion to the speed of the line. And also provided an opportunity to increase line speed and, accordingly, production productivity. It has been possible to change the mutual location of system elements, which made it possible to reduce the distance between workpieces and increase the capacity of the line tape by 30 %.
The obtained research results were implemented at the production enterprise of typographic products «Dinas» (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine), which contributed to the improvement and optimization of production processes. Conducting further research will provide an opportunity to expand the proposed methodology for use on all types of folding and gluing lines.
Organizational and legal assessment of the impact of relocation on the investment and economic policy of enterprises
Authors: Horiashchenko Yuliia , Knysh Oleksandr , Bendiuh Yelyzaveta
Published: March 2024

The object of the study is the process of relocation of Ukrainian enterprises both within the country and abroad. The problem of the study, first of all, is that the relocation of business for domestic business entities was not very relevant recently, and the practical experience of moving capacities is practically absent. An analysis of the difficulties encountered by entrepreneurs when deciding to relocate the company was carried out. In addition, the study examines the enterprise relocation program proposed by the government and its shortcomings that make it difficult to use. It was determined that among the main problems of the state program of relocation are the insufficient information base and awareness of the existing program, the lack of established communication between the participants of the process. It was emphasized that entrepreneurs need additional financing for the time of adaptation and stabilization of their business in new regions, expansion of infrastructure in the form of creation of business incubators, business hubs and business accelerators. However, there are almost no innovative relocation companies in the studied regions. It is necessary to stimulate innovative activity with long-term sectoral development programs and fiscal incentives, since the relocation of enterprises in modern conditions is an effective tool for the restoration of entrepreneurial activity in new regions of the country, which in turn ensures the relative stability of the economy, provides jobs, guarantees the production of national products and services, as well as the possibility of their implementation on the international market. Potential solutions have been analyzed and determined, which can contribute to revitalizing the relocation of businesses and making the process more successful. However, this requires state support and additional funding, which will help bring the enterprise relocation program to a new level, which in turn will help enterprises to continue their activities and have a positive impact on the state's economy. This study can become a reference point for Ukrainian business in the near future. Also, the research can be useful for the authorities, the public and the university environment.
An overview of statistical and neural-based line segmentation methods for offline handwriting recognition task
Authors: Yakovchuk Oleg , Rogoza Walery
Published: March 2024

The object of the research is the line segmentation task. To recognize the handwritten text from the documents in image format offline handwriting recognition technology is used. The text recognizer module accepts input as separate lines, so one of the important preprocessing steps is the detection and splitting of all handwritten text into distinct lines.
In this paper, the handwritten text line segmentation task, its requirements, problems, and challenges are examined. Two main approaches for this task that are used in modern recognition systems are reviewed. These approaches are statistical projection-based methods and neural-based methods. Multiple works and research papers for each type of approach are reviewed analyzing their strengths and weaknesses considering the described tasks, constraints, and input data peculiarities. Overall acquired results are formed in a single table for comparison.
Based on the latest works that utilize deep neural networks the new possibilities of using these methods in recognition systems are described that were unavailable with traditional statistical segmentation approaches.
The constructive conclusions are made based on the review, describing the main pros and cons of these two approaches for the line segmentation task. These results can be further used for the correct selection of suitable methods in handwriting recognition systems to improve their performance and quality, and for further research in this area.