bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La obesidad como factor de riesgo en la enfermedad renal crónica. Revisión bibliográfica.
Authors: Delgado- Arias María Salomé , Bueno-Castro Andrés Santiago
Published: August 2023

Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad con repercusión metabólica que predispone al desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como la diabetes mellitus tipo II, hipertensión arterial y enfermedad renal crónica. Se ha evidenciado que los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica y obesidad presentan mayor deterioro de la enfermedad y elevada morbimortalidad. Metodología: Es un estudio de revisión bibliográfica tipo narrativa, una revisión amplia de la literatura, sobre la obesidad como factor de riesgo en la enfermedad renal crónica en bases de datos científicas, como PubMed, Scielo, Biblioteca Cochrane, y Science Direct, mediante parte de la estrategia PRISMA. Resultados: Se revisaron 60 estudios, que recopilaron las principales recomendaciones sobre la obesidad como factor de riesgo en la enfermedad renal crónica. Conclusiones: En pacientes obesos, es indispensable el control del peso, dadas las implicancias fisiopatológicas que responden a la respuesta endócrina de la obesidad y su efecto sobre el glomérulo renal. Además, los cambios histológicos de la obesidad evolucionan rápidamente predisponiendo complicaciones renales a corto plazo, por lo tanto, se deben incorporar protocolos nutricionales para evitar la progresión de la enfermedad.
Revisión de los protocolos sobre abdomen agudo quirúrgico no obstétrico en el embarazo.
Authors: Chacón-Flores Anabel Jamileth , Muñoz-Cajilima Juan Pablo
Published: August 2023

Introducción: Durante el embarazo, la mujer puede presentar patología quirúrgica no ginecológica, misma que se asocia con elevada morbimortalidad por cada hora en el retraso diagnóstico, en la actualidad no existe suficientes protocolos dirigidos para cada patología quirúrgica en el embarazo, situación que a largo plazo afecta el adecuado manejo de la patología abdominal quirúrgica en la mujer embarazada. Metodología: Es un estudio de revisión bibliográfica tipo narrativa, una revisión amplia de la literatura, sobre los protocolos sobre agudo quirúrgico no obstétrico en el embarazo en bases de datos científicas, como Pub Med, Scielo, Biblioteca Cochrane, y Science Direct, mediante parte de la estrategia PRISMA.

Resultados: Se revisaron 50 estudios, que recopilaron las principales recomendaciones sobre los protocolos sobre agudo quirúrgico no obstétrico en el embarazo 

Conclusiones: la patología abdominal quirúrgica no obstétrica en la mujer embarazada es un tema de relevancia, puesto que se asocia con elevada morbimortalidad, en la actualidad a pesar de que no se cuenta con protocolos específicos para el manejo de cada patología en el embarazo, por lo que es importante poder realizarlos para disminuir el tiempo de retraso y, por lo tanto, las complicaciones en la mujer embarazada.
BASES DO PENSAMENTO SOCIAL ESPÍRITA KARDECISTA
Authors: Gomes Grazielle Reis de Morais
Published: August 2023

No século XXI, observar-se o movimento espírita kardecista brasileiro majoritário com o pensamento conservador. Todavia, o presente artigo buscou estudar as raízes dessa doutrina de origem francesa inaugurada com ideias progressista. A pesquisa pretende trazer o que alguns teóricos já escreveram sobre o pensamento social espírita, bem como esclarecer algumas interpretações equivocadas sobre a lei de causa e efeito dentro do Espiritismo e a necessidade dos espíritas se posicionarem em favor da justiça social. Dentro dos diversos movimentos religiosos visualiza-se o embate entre a hermenêutica doutrinária de trazer ideias conservadores versus progressista. Portanto, pretende-se contribuir ao elucidar que o espiritismo é progressista e tem como foco o progresso da humanidade.
Phytochemicals and antioxidants in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) genotypes under hot arid region
Authors: CHOUDHARY B R , HALDHAR S M , MAHESHWARI S K , BHARGAVA R , SHARMA S K
Published: August 2023

Ten genotypes of red-fleshed watermelon [Citrullus lantus (Thunb.)] were estimated for various health promoting bioactive compounds. The evaluated genotypes showed wide variability in total phenols, total flavonoids, tannin, total carotenoids and lycopene contents. The antioxidant activity was estimated by using in vitro assay of cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). The significant difference (P=0.05) was observed among evaluated watermelon genotypes for different phytochemicals and antioxidants. The total phenols varied from 16.77 to 21.41 mg/g, total flavoniods 55.60 to 100.93 mg/100g and tannin content 35.07 to 60.83 mg/100g on dry weight basis. Total carotenoids and lycopene ranged from 4.90 to 8.06 mg/100g and 3.74 to 6.80 mg/100g, respectively on fresh weight basis. The average antioxidant activity was found to be varied from 40.13 to 84.05 Î¼mol TE/100g fresh weight. The results indicate that red-fleshed genotypes of watermelon are good source of antioxidants and showed significant variability for different phytochemicals and antioxidants that could be exploited to develop new cultivars/hybrids of superior quality for nutritional security.
Parameter optimization for selective harvesting in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) using response surface methodology
Authors: KUSHWAH AJAY , SHARMA P K , MANI INDRA , KUSHWAHA H L , SAHOO R N , SARKAR SUSHEEL KUMAR , SHARMA B B , CARPENTER GOPAL , SINGH NASEEB , YADAV RASHMI , NAG RAMINENI HARSHA
Published: August 2023

Manual harvesting of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is time-consuming, costly, and labour-intensive, necessitating the development of mechanized solutions. This research focuses on optimizing the operating parameters, namely the shaft angular speed and forward speed, for developing the intelligent selective harvesting prototype of cauliflower to enhance harvest success, reduce damage, and minimize cycle time. A laboratory setup was established at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2022–23, which consisted of a prototype harvesting unit, prototype pulling unit, and plant holding unit. The physical properties of two cauliflower varieties, Pusa Meghna, and Pusa Sharad, were measured. An experimental plan was designed to optimize the operating parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) to enhance performance. The optimized forward speed and shaft angular speed were found to be 0.62 km/h, and 0.36 rad/s, respectively. Regression models were developed to predict all responses for varieties and all prediction errors were found to be less than ±10%, indicating the reliability of the developed models. The study aimed to help in the development of an intelligent cauliflower harvester suitable for small-scale growers in India.
Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) grafted on wild brinjal (Solanum torvum) rootstock for growth and yield
Authors: V CHANDANSHIVE A , N SONAVANE P , D GAIKWAD S , KUMAR VIKASH
Published: August 2023

The present experiment was conducted to study the compatibility of different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties/hybrids grafted on wild brinjal (Solanum torvum Sw.) rootstock with an objective to study the effect of rootstock on growth, yield, graft success (%), crop duration and incidence of fusarium wilt in tomato. The study was carried out during rainy (kharif) season 2019 subsequently for 3 years and completed in winter (rabi) season 2022–23, which comprises 2 rootstocks, 3 scions in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results were analyzed on the basis of 3 years pooled data with respect to growth and yield parameters. The grafting results showed significant increase in minimum number of days to 1st harvest (68.55),maximum fruit weight (81.04 g), number of fruit per plant (29.45), yield per plant (2.38 kg), yield per plot (85.68 kg) and yield per hectare (72.12 tonnes) over control. The graft combination of Phule Raja grafted on Solanum torvum showed maximum graft success (95.07%), less incidence of fusarium wilt (0.00%) with maximum crop duration of 235 days, i.e. an increase of 57 days compared to non-grafted. The benefit:cost (B:C) ratio analysis showed higher net monetary returns in grafted plants as compared to non-grafted plants. It is concluded that the grafting of Phule Raja on wild brinjal rootstock recommended for higher yield and less incidence of fusarium wilt.
Unraveling the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating grain yield under combined drought and heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: MEENA SHASHI , ARORA AJAY , TARIA SUKUMAR , YADAV SHEEL , KUMAR SUDHIR , PUSHKAR SUCHITRA , CHINNUSAMY VISWANATHAN , KUMAR RANJEET R , PADARIA JASDEEP C
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the impacts of heat and drought stresses, both individually and combined, on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants during the reproductive stage. Four wheat genotypes (C306, HD2967, Raj3765 and WL711) were subjected to heat stress (H), drought stress (D) and combined heat, and drought stress (HD) conditions at the anthesis stage. The research investigated various physiological, biochemical and grain yield parameters, as well as the relative expression of genes involved in the proline and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolic pathways. Among the tested genotypes, Raj3765 exhibited decreased ABA levels and increased proline accumulation during the anthesis stage under both individual and combined stress conditions. Notably, Raj3765 also displayed highergrain yield compared to the other 3 genotypes under all stress conditions, indicating that elevated proline levels and reduced ABA levels likely contributed to its resilience. Furthermore, the study revealed that the combination of heat and drought stresses had a more severe detrimental effect on wheat plants compared to individual stress treatments. These findings underscore the significance of comprehensively studying combined stress conditions, as they can result in substantial yield losses in wheat crop development and productivity.
UNVEILING THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ILLNESS AND HEALING: PERSPECTIVES FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Authors: Ekaterina Sergievskaya
Published: August 2023

Psychological and medical anthropology converge in illuminating the symbiotic relationship between psychological well-being and physical health. Although numerous academic disciplines share an interest in these inquiries, but they approach them from distinct vantage points. The current study scrutinizes the historical evolution, methodologies employed, and fundamental theoretical frameworks underpinning of these two specialized branches of inquiry. The initial segment of this exposition serves to introduce the realm of psychological anthropology, furnishing a precise delineation of its scope, and critically assessing the field’s contributions toward augmenting the comprehension of human conduct vis-à-vis emotions, cognition, and psychological wellness. In the subsequent section, attention turns toward medical anthropology, delving into its purview, investigating the manifold facets of health disparities, cultural interpretations of maladies and convalescence, and the ramifications of healthcare systems upon individual well-being. Thereafter, arguments revolve around the probe between medical anthropology and psychological anthropology, penetrating their confluences and mutual enhancements. Cultural paradigms and rituals are also weighed in terms of their capacity to shape psychological equilibrium, and their potential repercussions upon health outcomes and healthcare dispensation. In the concluding segment the researcher contemplates the strides achieved by psychological and medical anthropology in advancing the cognizance of interplay amid cultures, society, and health, wherein these two spheres make headway in the direction of more culturally attuned healthcare methodologies and regulatory frameworks, notwithstanding the obstacles that lie ahead of them.
Coherence Alarm Implementation upon Post-Blast Impact in Open-Pit Mine
Authors: Izzuddin Muhammad Adib , Yudono Alden Sinai , Dewantara Deaz
Published: August 2023

Slope Stability Radar (SSR) is a geotechnical monitoring tool, an array of sophisticated technology which is equipped with features that could be utilized in dynamic mining conditions. One of the features is called coherence and is used to track the impact of blasting activity around the research area. Historically, it has been recorded that fall-of-ground event (bench-scale failure) had occurred after blasting activity around the research area. These two events were recorded perfectly by utilizing coherence attribute measurement, including the time of event and the dimension of the impact area. Therefore, the application of a coherence alarm could be one of the solutions to provide an immediate response to track the blasting impact and provide periodic notification in case of the similar things occurred in the future. There are two alarm parameters in which required some adjustments due to the sensitivity of coherence attribute. The first one, is the alarm mask. It masks out the expected unwanted triggering alarm, such as vegetation area, ramp, machinery area, and mining infrastructures. The second one is the alarm threshold. It requires precise adjustment to maximize the alarm function during the rainfall event. The analysis resulting the threshold values advocated for the alarm are 12 contiguous pixels, 2 scans, and 0.6 coherence value. The alarm configuration parameters are then applied to the coherence alarm system. Notwithstanding that matter, the alarm configuration requires periodic adjustments, accompanied by the competencies of the person in charge for the SSR to be able to comprehensively understand the concept of coherence and its implementation in the research area.
Laboratory Study of Grouting Method to Improve Loose Sand Against Liquefaction
Authors: Cindarto  , Rahardjo Paulus Pramono , Sadisun Imam Achmad
Published: August 2023

Liquefaction is a phenomenon when soil behaves like liquid during earthquake, and only occurs in saturated loose fine sand with grain size ranging from 0.2 to 0.02 mm. Liquefaction can be devastating, causing failure and deformation to buildings, roads, and bridges. Thus, research study on the application of grouting method for improving liquefiable fine sand in the laboratory is carried out. Grouting is a soil improvement method that injects cementing agent into a soil mass. After the grout has solidified, the soil density and consistency of the soil will improve. This research proves, mathematically and experimentally, that grouting can improve the density and consistency of liquefiable sand, thus reducing the liquefaction potential. Grouting liquefiable saturated sand basically compacts the soil, leading to consolidation as soil pore-water is dissipated during the grouting process. It is found that the volume of grout per unit volume of soil mass treated is directly proportional with the reduction of void ratio and increase in soil density.
Brukermedvirkning ved planlegging av kunst og håndverksrom i nye skolebygg
Authors: Lefdal Else Margrethe
Published: August 2023

Artikkelen tar for seg brukernes muligheter for å medvirke i utformingen av fysiske læringsmiljøer. Forskningsspørsmålet er todelt: Hvordan opplever lærere brukermed­virkning ved utforming av kunst og håndverksrommene i planprosessen for et nytt skolebygg, og på hvilke måter kan valg på detaljnivå ha innvirkning på undervisning og læring? I denne casestudien er spesialrom for kunst og håndverk ved én norsk skole studert, og fire kunst og håndverkslærere er intervjuet om sin deltagelse i og erfaringer med planprosessen. Funnene viser at det å ignorere brukernes konkrete forslag kan ha negativ innvirkning på elevenes læring i faget. Valg på detaljnivå kan vanskeliggjøre lærernes arbeidsforhold, hvilket kan tenkes å føre til et svekket læringsutbytte for elevene.
 Innen tjenestedesign og ved designtenkning vektlegges det at løsningene er tilpasset brukerne og deres erfaringer og ikke omvendt. Et tilsvarende fokus er tjenlig og over­førbart til planprosesser for skolebygg. Prosessen med å få innsikt i og å dokumentere brukernes kunnskaper og erfaringer, bør foregå systematisk og strukturert for å gi forbedrede løsninger. Det er ønskelig med kunst og håndverksrom som fungerer hen­siktsmessig og effektivt som læringsmiljø på fagets premisser. Det kan enklere oppnås gjennom en vurdert, systematisk og kreativ prosess som har fokus på brukerne. Artikkelen foreslår at tjenestedesignere engasjeres inn i skolebyggprosjekter for å bistå i brukerprosessene og bidra med å «bygge bro» mellom skoleeiere, arkitekter og brukere.
Determinants of Agricultural Credit Acquisition Amongst Poultry and Fish Farmers in Selected LGA’s of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: A. Okidim I. , Chukuigwe E. C , A. Okuduwor. A. , N. Ezihuo.
Published: August 2023

The study analyzed the determinants of agricultural credit acquisition by poultry and fish farmers in Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt Local Government Area, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 farmers from 10 communities in the study area. The objective of the studies are to, describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, identify the sources of credits available to the farmers, determine factors influencing credit acquisition in the and analyse the constraints influencing farmers access to agricultural credit in the study area. The research instruments employed in the study were descriptive statistics, Likert scale and regression analysis. Research result for Obio/Akpor LGA, we used the double log model, said to be the best fit because it had the highest F ratio, 228.431, the highest number of significance variables, a significant Prob > F value of 0.000, an R- squared of 0.97- and an Adj R-squared of 0.965. Membership to cooperative and delay in credit disbursement was found to be significant factors. For respondents in Port Harcourt LGA. The semi- log model is said to be the best fit because it had the highest F ratio, the highest number of significance variables, a significant Prob > F value of 0.000, an R- squared of 0.964 and an Adj R-squared of 0.959. at 5%. Farmers are encouraged to join cooperatives to enable them acquire credits. Interest rate and delay in credit disbursement was found to be significant. The researcher recommends that credit and financial institutions review the conditions for credit acquisition by farmers, so that more persons will be able to benefit from credit disbursement especially with respect to high interest rate, collateral security and proximity to the farmers. Efforts should be made to creat e more awareness about the existence of formal agricultural credits.
Imperativeness of the use of Assure Model in Inclusive Agricultural Education in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Asogwa V. C. , Sunday Chidinma M. , Magdaline Obi C. , Gule Z.M.
Published: August 2023

Implementing inclusive Agricultural Education effectively in this digital era in Nigerian universities has been a serious challenge to lecturers in Nigeria. In most cases, they change the learners’ learning styles which are more digitally inclined to fit their teaching method instead of adapting an innovative teaching method to suit the learners for effective learning. Since there was no adapted model that could help the lecturers of Agricultural Education to achieve inclusiveness, the learners struggle to adapt to the teaching method first rather than learning the content of the course. To avoid such waste of time, energy, effort, and most importantly, frustration for students, this theoretical paper, therefore, identified the gap existing in the use of ASSURE Model in inclusive agricultural education in Nigerian universities. It explored the immeasurable steps involved in the use of ASSURE Model for effective teaching and learning of inclusive agricultural education in Nigerian universities. The review also summarizes the constituents of ASSURE Model for better assimilation and planning of subsequent instruction in inclusive agricultural education in Nigerian universities. It also reported the features, practices, and imperativeness of the use of ASSURE Model in inclusive agricultural education in Nigerian universities for improved learning.
Effect of Environmental and Social Cost on Financial Performance of Listed Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Ugo Chibuike Camillus , Egbuhuzor Celestine Anayo
Published: August 2023

This study examined the effect of environmental and social cost on financial performance of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The ex post facto research design was adopted for the study with a population of seven (7) listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria as listed by the Nigerian Exchange Group in 2022. Data were retrieved from the annual reports of the selected listed pharmaceutical companies for the period 2015 to 2021. Multiple regression (Ordinary Least Square) analysis was used to analyze the data gathered with the aid of Stata12 statistical software. The study revealed a negative and insignificant effect of employees benefits on net profit margin of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Also, it revealed a positive and insignificant effect of donations and charitable gifts on net profit margin of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study recommended that listed Pharmaceutical companies introduce more employee benefits packages that will make the employees feel committed to deliver for improved productivity that will further boost net profit margin. Finally, policy makers should ensure complete adherence of environmental laws by Pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria especially those that contributes towards community development like donation and charitable gifts and which would go a long way in enhancing firm performance.
Oil Subsidy, Corruption Risk, Midstream and Downstream Oil Revenue in Nigeria: Problem, Prospects and Methodology
Authors: EFUNTADE Olubunmi Omotayo , EFUNTADE Alani Olusegun
Published: August 2023

The exploratory research identified the problem and prospects on the oil subsidy corruption risk and downstream oil revenue in Nigeria. The study focused mainly on the revenue generated from oil refining, storing, marketing, distribution and sale of petroleum products with the purpose of investigating Nigeria’s oil subsidy payments and its effects on the growth of downstream oil revenue and finding out if the level of corruption affects the downstream oil revenue sustainability in Nigeria. It is revealed that the following factors could explain downstream oil revenue and models are conceptualized that landing cost of PMS, poverty index, demand for local consumption, refining capacity and official pump price global oil price and exchange rate variation are probable significant variables in determining the volume of oil revenue in the downstream sector in Nigeria. A quantitative study and methodology are recommended to evaluate the impact of fuel oil subsidy and corruption indices on the dependent variable (downstream oil revenue) with a view to predicting and forecasting a sustainable and dependable oil revenue in refining, storing, marketing and distribution of petroleum products in Nigeria
The Impact of Information Technology on the Management of Small and Medium Scale Enterprise in Nigeria
Authors: Abdu Ali , Galoji Shehu Inuwa
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of Information Technology to the Management of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria with reference to Ramadan Press Limited, Bauchi, Bauchi State. The research design took both an inferential and a descriptive approach. A sample size of one hundred and thirteen (113) was drawn from the population. A 5 - point Likert scale was developed and validated to collect information from the respondents. The data collected was analyzed with basic descriptive statistics such as frequency and simple percentages. Chi-square analysis was also made. The core findings from the results obtained show that that Information Technology play significant role in the activities and operations of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs), that Information Technology has impacted positively on the managerial practice of SMEs and that Information Technology has improved the performance of SMEs. Conclusion was drawn from the summary of the result. Various remarks and recommendations were proffered to the organization of study.
Government Budgets and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Comfort DARE Tinuola , Olusegun AKINOLA  Akinwumi , Olayinka WAHAB Akeem
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the impact of government spending on Nigeria's economic growth. The study used ex-post facto and longitudinal research approaches to examine the role of several government budgetary factors on Nigeria's economic development as measured by gross national product during 21 years (2001-2021). For this research, secondary data were gathered from the Federal Ministry of Finance's Budget Office publications and the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin and Bulletin. The analysis used a cointegrating regression model with a fully modified ordinary least squares model. The fully modified least square model was used to ascertain the combined impact of yearly budgeting drivers on GNP in Nigeria. The study found that CEX, INFR, and REX significantly influenced GNP, but DS and EXCHR did not significantly influence GNP. According to the study, Nigeria's economic growth and development are greatly influenced by government budgets. In order to guarantee that the budget's advantages are realised and to support economic development in Nigeria, the research advised that the government assess the performance of the yearly budgeting variables, system, and execution.
Consumer Preference for Local and Imported Rice in Ifako- Ijaiye Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: OLADEJO Joana Adefemi
Published: August 2023

This study analyzed consumer preference for local and imported rice in Ifako-Ijaiye Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. It specifically described the socio economic characteristics of the respondents, identified the varieties of local and imported rice available in the study area, identified respondents’ rice preferences and variables affecting consumer choices in the study area. The study also identified limiting factors to the consumption of imported and local rice in the study area. Population of the study comprises of households in the study area. Three hundred and sixty respondents were selected using the two-stage sampling technique. Primary data were collected using copies of structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and logit regression analytical tools. Results of the analyses revealed that majority of households in the study area are male-headed with average age of 40.73 years, 65.83% were married with average household size of 5 persons. Ofada rice was the most available local rice while Mama gold brand was the most available imported rice in the area. Exactly 36.67% of sampled household preferred imported rice while 63.33% preferred local rice. Major constraints to imported and local rice consumption were high price and presence of stones/debris respectively. The factors influencing preference status of respondents were marital status, price (affordability), rice availability, taste, and absence of stones/debris. The study concluded that the local rice is more preferred in the study area than the imported rice. Based on the finding that price (affordability) and availability are important variables influencing preference status of respondents, this study recommends that the government should see to it that local rice is within the reach of consumers by investing in the production and processing of local rice and making credit available to rice farmers and processors. In addition, bas
Capítulo 1 - Neutropenia febril
Authors: Castro Isabela Rocha de , Vieira Carolina Lins Rodrigues
Published: August 2023

Entende-se por neutropenia a diminuição da contagem de neutrófilos em valores absolutos, que pode ocorrer frequentemente em pacientes oncológicos submetidos à quimioterapia.
Capítulo 2 - Obstrução intestinal maligna
Authors: Silva Marina Fonseca , Oliveira Hugo Mourão
Published: August 2023

A obstrução intestinal se apresenta quando há redução ou ausência de fluxo do conteúdo gástrico e intestinal através do trato gastro+A1:G11intestinal, podendo acontecer de forma parcial ou completa, associada a sítio único ou múltiplos sítios, de etiologia benigna ou maligna. A obstrução intestinal causada por câncer é chamada de obstrução intestinal maligna (OIM)
Capítulo 4 - Tromboembolismo venoso
Authors: Dias Isabella de Oliveira , Muzzi Guilherme Campos
Published: August 2023

O câncer é um achado frequente em pacientes com trombose, sendo que a trombose é mais prevalente em pacientes com câncer, com importantes consequências clínicas. Ela é a segunda causa de morte em pacientes oncológicos e o tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) está relacionado, muitas vezes, a complicações.
DESARROLLO NATURAL DE LA HALÓFITA Salicornia bigelovii (TOR.) EN ZONA COSTERA DEL ESTADO DE SONORA
Authors: Rueda Puente Edgar Omar , Murillo-Amador Bernardo , Ortega-García Jesús , Rangel Preciado Pablo , Nieto Garibay Alejandra , Holguín Peña Ramón J. , López Ahumada Guadalupe A. , Rodríguez Félix Francisco , Vargas-López Juan Manuel , Wong Corral Francisco Javier
Published: August 2023

In order to increase knowledge about the vegetative structure and environmental conditions, two coastal areas (north and south) in Sonora, Mexico, where Salicornia bigelovii develops in natural form were investigated. Based on the abundance of Salicornia, three locations were selected in the two areas. Transects in each of the three sites were developed. The sediments in the northern areas showed higher values compared with the south areas of Sonora in organic matter. Plant biomass, density, height and frequency of occurrence were higher in frequently flooded areas compared to sparsely or less often by the tides. The average total biomass ranged from 2.23 to 6.33 kg (dry weight) m-2 and is composed primarily of surface components. The maximum values of biomass of Salicornia were observed in February to May in both areas. The growth of Salicornia bigelovii is influenced mainly by the frequency of flooding, duration of exposure to air during low tide, rainfall, salinity and salt content of the ambient water and sediment, respectively. The carbon content increased with plant age, while protein content decreased by 233.6%. The steady increase in human pressure on coastal areas where Salicornia and other halophytes growth, require immediate protection order to prevent vulnerabilities in their populations.
ADOPCIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE SURCOS-DOBLE HILERA CON PILETEO EN CEBADA MALTERA
Authors: Sánchez Toledano Blanca Isabel , Zegbe Domínguez Jorge Artemio , Espinoza Arellano José de Jesus , Rumayor Rodríguez Agustín
Published: August 2023

The rainfed malting barley crop has been sown traditionally with the direct seeding system. This seeding system has led to runoff soil erosion problems and low productivity in Zacatecas, México. The Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias developed an alternative technology called double line seeding on a row with basin planting system (DLSRBPS) for this crop. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the extent of DLSRBPS adoption, characterize the technology users, and identify factors associated with the adoption of this technology in Zacatecas, México. The information was collected during 2009 and 2010 through surveys applied to 135 farmers in nine municipalities of Zacatecas. An adoption rate of 27 % for the DLSRBPS technology was estimated. Growers that adopted this technology had more experience in this crop, their educational level was higher than other farmer groups, and they planted a large area with this crop. Using the DLSRBPS technology, farmers noticed increased yields, reduced amount of seed at planting time and production costs. Lack of economic resources, limited availability of specialized agricultural machinery for the DLSRBPS technology, and little or no technical assistance were the main limiting factors for using the DLSRBPS technology in Zacatecas.
IMPACT OF PRIVI-SILIXOL FOLIAR FERTILIZER IN COMBINATION WITH DI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AND MYCORRHIZA ON PERFORMANCE, NPK UPTAKE, DISEASE AND PEST RESISTANCE ON SELECTED CROPS IN A GREENHOUSE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Karuku George Njomo , Maobe Michael Agwenyi
Published: August 2023

Despite silicon not considered an essential nutrient, it is typically abundant in soils and is known to have beneficial effects when added to rice crops and several other plants. These beneficial effects include disease and pest resistance, structural fortification, and regulation of the uptake of other ions. In this study, the effect of silicic acid fertilization (Privi-Silixol) on the increased biomass, economic yields, pest and disease tolerance or resistance, NPK uptake and chlorophyll content for five crop plants (Cowpea, common beans, cabbage, maize, and rice) was evaluated. The approach was executed through a controlled greenhouse experiment using Acid Washed Sand as a neutral medium. Crops planted with Privi-Silixol alone or in combination with full or half rates of recommended inorganic fertilizer performed significantly (P≤0.05) better compared to all other treatments. Plants treated with Privi-Silixol had higher dry matter yield (DMY), chlorophyll content and NPK uptake. Maize, common bean, cowpea, cabbage and rice had better disease and pest resistance compared to the control plants. Collectively, these results indicate beneficial effects of silicon in DMY, chlorophyll content, pest and disease resistance, but additional studies are needed under farmers’ conditions to conclusively understand the interactions of silicon with other interacting factors in the field.
PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND SOIL HYDRO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES AND COVER CROPS IN A TYPIC HAPLUSULT IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Lawal Halima Mohammed , Lawal A.B.
Published: August 2023

Tillage practices influence soil physical, chemical and biological qualities which in-turn alters plant growth and crop yield. In the Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS) ecological zone of Nigeria, agricultural production is mainly constrained by low soil nutrient and water holding capacity, it is therefore, imperative to develop appropriate management practices that will give optimal soil hydro-physical properties for proper plant growth, effective soil and water management and environmental conservation. This study investigated the effect of three tillage practices (no till, reduced till and conventional till) and four cover crops (Centrosema pascuorum, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Cucurbita maxima and Glyine max) and a bare/control (no cover crop) on some soil physical properties of a Typic Haplusult during the rainy seasons of 2011, 2012 and 2013 in Samaru, NGS ecological zone of Nigeria. The field trials were laid out in a split plot arrangement with tillage practices in the main plots and cover crops in the subplots, all treatments were replicated three times. Auger and core soil samples were collected at the end of each cropping season each year in three replicates from each treatment plot at four depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm). Particle size distribution, bulk density, total pore volume and water retention at various soil matric potentials were determined using standard methods. Data obtained were compared with optimum values and fitted into a RETC computer code for quantifying soil hydraulic behavior and physical quality. Results showed that different tillage practices had varied effect on soil physical properties. No-till had the highest water holding capacity at most suction points evaluated, it had 4.3 % and 12.9 % more soil moisture than the reduced till  and conventionally tilled systems across all matric potentials while Centrosema pascuorum (3.1%) and Cucurbita maxima (5.5%) were best among evaluated cover crops in retaining soil moisture content compared to the bare plots at -33kPa matric potential. Generally the Dexter S value used as an index for soil physical quality ranged within the limits of very good to good soil physical quality irrespective of the tillage practice, cover crops grown or depth of soil sampling. However the conventional tillage practice and soil under no cover crop had adverse effect on soil structural stability, placing them at a high risk of soil degradation. Indicators like Macro porosity, Air capacity, relative field capacity and Plant available water capacity were all within the optimal range for normal plant growth. The RETC computer code well described soil hydraulic parameter regardless of the treatments imposed on the soil.  
FARMERS BEHAVIOUR REGARDING FOOD SECURITY BY PRACTICING THE ‘SALOME’ FARMING SYSTEM AS LOCAL WISDOM IN WEST TIMOR, EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Levis Leta , Sukesi Keppi , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Yuliati Yayuk
Published: August 2023

In West Timor, farmers employ local knowledge as part of their ancestral heritage, called the ‘salome’ traditional farming system. The farmers believe that the ‘salome’ system is able to increase the standard of food security. The goal of this study was to investigate the philosophy, socioeconomic factors, motivation and perceptions of farmers using this system. We investigated the existing ‘salome’ local farming system in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS), a district of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) province. A survey method was used with open-ended questions involving 126 interviews with farmers in West Timor. The data were descriptively analysed using SPPS. The results show that farmer’s behaviour regarding the practice of ‘salome’ was influenced by social aspects, such as social norms, attitudes and intent, as well as motivations and perceptions regarding the effectiveness of ‘salome’ to overcome food insecurity. The practice of ‘salome’ is related to the indigenous food called ‘jagung katemak’. Farmers were highly satisfied with the ‘salome’ system as a means to enhance food security. The implications are that the government should increase the quality of services, based on local wisdom to support the use ‘salome’ to fulfil food requirements.
PAPEL DE Trichoderma EN LOS SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES-CACAOTAL COMO UN AGENTE ANTAGÓNICO
Authors: López-Ferrer Úrsula del Carmen , Brito-Vega Hortensia , López-Morales David , Salaya-Domínguez José Manuel , Gómez-Méndez Edmundo
Published: August 2023

Agricultural and cocoa agroforestry systems are important for food production and biodiversity conservation. Among this diversity there is a group of fungi of the genus Trichoderma that present antagonistic effects against phytopathogens and this action can be used as a form of biological control of plant pathogens. In the agroforestry-cacao system the diseases with the highest frequency and with the greatest impact on cocoa production (Theobroma cacao) are black rot (Phytophthora spp.), Broom broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa) and moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri). The objective of this work was to perform an analysis of the main theoretical and practical aspects about the genus Trichoderma and its role in agriculture as an antagonistic agent. One of the microscopic features in the delimitation of the genus, especially by the presence of structures called phalid. The antagonistic mechanisms used by Trichoderma spp. Are described as competition, antibiosis and mycoparasitism. Mycoparasitism is having a relevance on the implications of extracellular enzymes such as chitinases, cellulases, β-1-3-glucanases and proteases that lyse or digest the walls of fungi, Moniliophthora roreri disease. This fungus can inhibit the growth of other fungi and bacteria by producing several volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites. On the other hand, it participates in the production of regulators of growth and stimulation of the division, differentiation and cellular growth in the plant by the elicitor agent. Trichoderma species that are commercialized for biological control, growth promoter and biofertilizer are T. viride, T. polysporum and T. harzianum. The T. virens and T. harzianum species are most used for the antagonistic control of M. roreri, Phytophthora spp., and M. perniciosa in agroforestry-cacao systems (Theobroma cacao L.) with optimal results to the inhibitory effect for these diseases.
TRAFFIC CONTROL WITH AUTOPILOT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO DECREASE SOIL COMPACTION IN SUGARCANE AREAS
Authors: Sousa Allan Charlles Mendes de , Souza Zigomar Menezes de , Poch Claret Rosa Maria , Torres Jose Luiz Rodrigues
Published: August 2023

Control the machinery traffic through autopilot and use the combined spacing of two rows are possible solutions to mitigate soil compaction problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate traffic control using autopilot in order to soften the problem of soil compaction in mechanically-harvested sugarcane areas. The study was conducted in two experimental areas belonging to Usina Santa Fe, in New Europe, São Paulo, Brazil. The design was a randomized block design, with 3 treatments: T1 = sugarcane planted in single spacing and without autopilot (1.50 m); T2 = sugarcane planted in single line spacing and managed on autopilot; T3 = sugarcane planted under combined spacing of two rows (1.50 × 0.90 m) and managed with autopilot, with 4 replications. Was collected samples in the wheel row (WR) and the seedbed (SB), which was located next to the plant row to, in layers from 0.00 to 0.15 and 0.15-0.30 m. It was observed that the seed bed area showed higher porosity in the treatments with autopilot in the second year of evaluation. There were no differences in pore sizes and shapes between the treatments in the two years studied. The large and complex pores were observed to be reduced in the second evaluation year. 
DISINFECTION OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) SEEDS ON SEEDLINGS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Smiderle Oscar José , Neto Manoel Luiz Silva , Souza Aline Das Graças , Zilli Jerri Edson , Silva Krisle Silva
Published: August 2023

The fast expansion of annual crops in recent decades with little phytosanitary management has led to the dissemination of several pathogens in the Brazilian cowpea-producing regions. Although, seed treatment is a common practice, there are no registered products for the cowpea and farmers apply the fungicides recommended for soybean cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sodium hypochlorite and fungicidal treatments on the germination and initial development of seedlings of five cowpea cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Two experiments were established, one with seeds of five cultivars stored during 120 d, and another with newly collected seeds, disinfected or not with sodium hypochlorite, and treated with five fungicides. Emergence in sand, germination speed, and dry mass of seedlings were evaluated. Germination in sand, germination speed and dry mass of seedlings obtained from seeds of cowpea cultivars were negatively influenced by sodium hypochlorite disinfection. Fungicides used negatively influenced cowpea seed vigor for BRS Cauamé and BRS Novaera, even in the absence of sodium hypochlorite. Seed germination of five cowpea cultivars was not affected by the fungicides fludioxonil, carbendazim, carbendazim + thiram and carboxin + thiram.
EFFECT OF DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN LEVELS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS REARED IN THE HOT SEASON UNDER TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Opoola Emmanuel , Onimisi Philip Anivasa , Ogundipe Samson Olabanji , Bawa Gideon Shaibu
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of tryptophan on growth performance of broiler chickens reared under tropical environment. At the starter phase, a total of two hundred and eighty five day old mixed sex Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with three replicates each having nineteen (19) chicks. At the finisher phase, two hundred and seventy broilers were also allotted to five dietary treatments with three replicates each having 18 broilers per replicate. The dietary tryptophan levels at the starter phase were 0.15, 0.19, 0.23, 0.27 and 0.31% respectively while the diets for the finisher phase contained 0.13, 0.17, 0.21, 0.25 and 0.29% dietary tryptophan respectively. All other nutrient levels were constant. The experiment was conducted at 0 to 28d (starter phase) and 33 to 56d (finisher phase). Growth performance traits including weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded at the end of each week. The results for the starter phase showed that chicks fed diet containing 0.23%, 0.27% and 0.31% dietary tryptophan had similar results in term of the weight gain, average daily weight gain, feed intake and average daily feed intake. For the finisher phase, the birds fed 0.21%, 0.25% and 0.29% tryptophan diets also had similar results in terms of final weight, weight gain, feed intake and average daily feed intake. Our results suggest that supplemental tryptophan was sufficient to have significant (P<0.05) effect on broiler performance. However, polynomial regression analysis reveals that the optimum performances were reached at 0.24% and 0.21% dietary tryptophan for the starter and finisher phases respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that dietary tryptophan requirements during the hot season for the starter and finisher phases were 0.24% and 0.21%, respectively. 

 
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN BRAZILIAN’S SOUTHERN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
Authors: Coelho Geraldo Ceni
Published: August 2023

Agroforestry systems (AFS) are policultures with at least one tree species. These systems provide various ecosystem services, income increments and food safety. These ecosystem services include biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, reduction of crop diseases, increased biological controls, biological nitrogen fixation and nutrient cycling. A review of potential ecosystem services of AFS on Southern Brazil is presented. In addition, the potential of carbon uptake through conversion to AFS is estimated. The predominant AFS are agroforestry with yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.), silvopastures, citrus and banana orchards, and the palm açaí-juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.). Considering the conversion of conventional systems to AFS, the silvopastures present the greatest carbon sequestration potentiality due to the great area used for cattle ranching. The conversion of citrus and banana cropping also present great carbon uptake potential besides reducing fungal and bacterial diseases. Southern Brazil presents more than 15 million hectares which could be converted into silvopasture and other AFS by taking as a model the already well-established experiences. Moreover, AFS has become a strategy for forest restoration. There are no negative trade-offs related to the silvopasture and citrus agroforestry adoption. The reasons for the low adoption of AFS are discussed.