bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutation Induction of Dendrobium ‘Earsakul’ Using Sodium Azide
Authors: Wannajindaporn Anakkaorn , Kativat Chitpan , Tantasawat Piyada Alisha
Published: November 2016

Dendrobium ‘Earsakul’ is an important commercial orchid in Thailand. Breeding new Dendrobium varieties for improved quality and yield is crucial. The objectives of this research were to perform in vitro mutagenesis of Dendrobium ‘Earsakul’ protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) using sodium azide (NaN3) and to select and evaluate the putative mutants using morphological characters, molecular markers, and the cytological method. The percentages of mortality of PLBs increased as concentrations of NaN3 increased. At 2 weeks, the lethal dose 30 (LD30) and LD50 were obtained with 0.1 and 0.5 mm NaN3, respectively. These two NaN3 concentrations were used for in vitro mutagenesis with reverse osmosis water (ROW; control 1) and 0 mm NaN3 (control 2) as controls. After the plants were cultured for 6 months, morphological differentiation was observed in some putative mutants: reduced height, higher numbers of nodes, reduced node length, shorter and thicker leaves, and shorter and fewer roots, compared with controls. When genetic profiles of 24 putative mutants were compared with controls, altered DNA profiles were found in 20 of 24 putative mutants (83.33%). Sixty-three polymorphic bands were produced from a total of 181 bands (34.81%) amplified by 10 polymorphic intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. When genetic diversity and relatedness, which were evaluated by ISSR analysis, and morphological characters were compared, the two markers were found to be uncorrelated. ISSR had a higher mutant differentiation capability than the morphological characters, indicating its higher efficiency. The chromosome numbers were similar in putative mutants and controls (2n = 2x = 24), suggesting that neither of the concentrations of NaN3 had any effect on the chromosome numbers in this experiment. These results indicate that NaN3 can be used effectively to mutagenize Dendrobium ‘Earsakul’ PLBs, and ISSR is a powerful tool for the identification of mutants. Chemical name: sodium azide (NaN3); reverse osmosis water (ROW).
Evaluation of NaCl Salinity Tolerance of Four Fig Genotypes Based on Vegetative Growth and Ion Content in Leaves, Shoots, and Roots
Authors: Zarei Mahvash , Azizi Majid , Rahemi Majid , Tehranifar Ali
Published: November 2016

The effects of NaCl stress on some growth parameters and ion accumulation in roots, shoots, and leaves of four fig genotypes (S × P, S × K, S × Sh, and S × D) were investigated. Eight-month-old fig plants growing in a mixture of sand, leaf mold, and clay (1:1:1) were irrigated with solutions containing NaCl at various levels: 0.6 (S0), 4 (S1), 6 (S2), and 8 (S3) dS·m−1. Salinity stress decreased growth parameters to a different extent in each genotype. Leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (gS), leaf number, shoot height, and root fresh weight were significantly decreased by salinity; and among the four fig genotypes studied, S × P and S × K were the most sensitive and the most tolerant genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, the highest reduction in shoot diameter and shoot fresh and dry weight were observed in S × Sh and the lowest reduction in S × K. Root dry weight decreased by increasing salinity, mainly in S × D. At S1 salinity treatment in both S × Sh and S × D genotypes, Na+ ion concentration was higher in leaves than in roots, but this pattern was not evident in S × P and S × K genotypes in NaCl treatments below S2 and S3, respectively. Chloride concentrations in all organs increased and were higher in roots than in both leaves and shoots, except in S × D genotype that accumulated more Cl− ion in leaves than in roots at S2 and S3 levels. These results indicate that the ability to sequester Na+ and Cl− ions in roots differs among the genotypes used in this study. Overall, results indicated that salinity tolerance in fig tree is strongly associated with Na+ and Cl− ions exclusion mechanism from shoots. Moreover, to our surprise, salinity stress considerably increased K+ ion concentration in leaves and shoots of salt-sensitive genotypes. Our proposed explanation is that the inability of salt-sensitive fig genotypes to prevent delivery of hazardous ions to shoot is compensated by tissue tolerance mechanism. Keeping high cytosolic K+ ion may lead to better sequestration of Na+ ion in vacuoles and, therefore, enable the genotypes with poor Na+ exclusion mechanism to handle large amounts of Na+ ion in leaves. Finally, S × K is the most salt-tolerant genotype due to efficient exclusion of Na+ and Cl− ions and lower reduction in growth factors.
Asian Crops Overview: Consumer Preference and Cultivar Growth on the East Coast of the United States
Authors: Sciarappa William J. , Simon Jim , Govindasamy Ramu , Kelley Kathleen , Mangan Frank , Zhang Shouan , Arumugam Surendran , Nitzsche Peter , Van Vranken Richard , Komar Stephen , Ayeni Albert , McAvoy Gene , Park Chung , Reichert William , Byrnes David , Wu Qingli , Schilling Brian , Orellana Ricardo
Published: November 2016

The rapid expansion of Asian populations in the United States presents significant opportunities and challenges for the eastern U.S. produce sector to take advantage of their close proximity to densely populated areas. Initial crop studies followed by ethnic consumer and crop surveys were conducted to examine vegetable, leafy green, and herb consumption and expenditures among Chinese, Asian Indians, and other Asian groups. Consumer choices were used to prioritize subsequent production trials. Family expenditures were determined for specific Asian produce types and total produce purchases. This market data were extrapolated to the east coast Asian populations to assess potential market size (90% confidence interval, error margin 5.6%). Chinese consumer values ranged from $245 to $296 million per annum and Asian Indians ranged from $190 to $230 million per annum. The average annual fresh fruit and vegetable expenditures by both Asian groups were 2 to 3.5 times respective national averages. Leading Chinese vegetables determined by average expenditures were baby bok choy, pak choy, oriental eggplant, snow pea, oriental spinach, and napa cabbage. Highest expenditure of leafy greens and herbs for Chinese consumers were chives and garland chrysanthemum. This market-driven survey reported consumption of over 100 Asian crops and 42 cultivars were ranked “feasible” to grow in the eastern section of the United States. Horticultural matrices of selection criteria narrowed the list to the most promising candidates for production. As a result, 28 cultivars were then grown in University research and demonstration plots at Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Florida in determining growth characteristics and yield to focus horticultural crop producers. Leading vegetable cultivars for Asian Indian consumers were bitter gourd, eggplant, fenugreek leaves, cluster beans, and bottle gourd. Leading leafy greens and herbs for Asian Indians were turmeric, fenugreek, sorrel spinach, and radish greens. Most of these Asian cultivars were demonstrated to grow well in the three main growing zones of 5, 7, and 9. Phytochemical attributes such as antioxidant activity, polyphenols, and mineral contents were analyzed for several of the leading crop candidates. This initial field and laboratory data shows that many of these ethnic crops can be grown in the eastern United States to direct production opportunities and are nutrient rich to help drive consumer demand.
The Commercial Date Industry in the United States and Mexico
Authors: Wright Glenn C.
Published: November 2016

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) originated in the Arabian Peninsula, spread throughout North Africa, then was carried to Mexico and the United States. Planting began in earnest in Arizona and California in the late 1800s and continues today. As of 2014, date production in Mexico and the United States is valued at almost $13,000,000, and comprises about 7400 ha. ‘Deglet Noor’ and ‘Medjool’ are the major cultivars. Modern practices for date palm cultivation include planting, irrigation, fertilization, pollination, thinning the fruit, ringing the bunches, bagging the bunches, and harvest. After harvest, the fruit must be sorted, dried or rehydrated, and graded. Date palms are sometimes sold for landscaping purposes. Current research at the University of Arizona and University of California at Riverside is focused on pollination and thinning practices, improving fruit quality and controlling insects. There are four date palm germplasm collections located in Arizona and California.
Effects of Mowing Height of Cut and Nitrogen on FAO‐56 PM Crop Coefficients for Recreational Turf in the Cool‐Humid Region
Authors: Poro J. , Ebdon J. S. , DaCosta M. , Brown P. W.
Published: November 2016

Irrigating recreational turf requires ET (evapotranspiration) replacement for water conservation and to sustain optimal leaf growth and turf function under traffic stress. Lysimeter measured actual ET (ETa) can be estimated using a reference crop ET (ETo) from meteorological data adjusted using a crop coefficient (Kc, ETa/ETo) to correct for cultural affects on ETa. Previous studies have not fully investigated the effects of turf culture on Kc. The objective of this research was to develop reliable Kc when ETo is computed using the FAO‐56 Penman‐Monteith equation, with Kc adjusted according to the effects on ETa of two mowing heights of cut (HOC), two N rates, and three species. Creeping bentgrass (CB) as golf turf and Kentucky bluegrass (KB) and perennial ryegrass (PR) as sports‐lawn turf were planted in South Deerfield, MA. Species and two N rates (98 and 196 kg N ha–1 yr–1) were arranged as main plots (3.12 by 1.56 m). Main plots were split according to HOC, with KB and PR mowed at 3.125 and 6.25 cm and CB mowed at 0.3125 and 0.9375 cm. Crop coefficients were calculated as ETa:ETo ratio and using linear regression (slope) estimates during July and August from 2011 to 2013. Results were similar between the two Kc methods. Adjustments to Kc values are necessary to account for variations in leaf growth rates (r = 0.66, n = 48, P ≤ 0.001) caused principally by HOC, with N having some influence on PR. Golf HOC (CB) ranged from 0.90 to 1.00 in Kc while sports‐lawn turf HOC (KB and PR) ranged from 1.15 to 1.25.
Differences among Soil‐Inhabiting Microbial Communities in Poa annua Turf throughout the Growing Season
Authors: Beirn Lisa A. , Hempfling James W. , Schmid Charles J. , Murphy James A. , Clarke Bruce B. , Crouch Jo Anne
Published: November 2016

There is increasing interest in understanding plant‐associated microbial communities and their impact on plant health. However, research has been limited to major agronomic systems and little is known about the resident microorganisms in economically important specialty crops, such as turfgrass. In this study, we generated a community‐wide inventory of the archaea and bacteria that inhabit the soil of Poa annua L. putting green turf at five time points over a 1‐yr period. Next‐generation sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal DNA 16S revealed 1.5 × 105 unique operational taxonomic units from 25 pooled soil samples. Seventeen archaeal taxa were identified at the species level, 53% of which were members of the Crenarchaeota. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum, comprising 36% of the 442 taxa present. Distance analysis and analysis of similarities revealed that the archaeal and bacterial communities clustered according to sample date, with samples collected during warm months grouping separately from those collected during cool months. Clustering was less distinct when plotted using detrended correspondence analysis. These data indicate that microbial community structure varied throughout the growing season, possibly due to seasonal changes in temperature and/or other environmental factors. This research also shows that P. annua putting green turf supports a diverse microbial community despite management practices that include frequent pesticide applications.
Storage‐Associated Genes and Reserves Accumulation in Soybean Cultivars Differing in Physiological Strategies for Attaining High Seed Protein Concentration
Authors: Poeta Florencia , Ochogavía Ana C. , Permingeat Hugo R. , Rotundo José L.
Published: November 2016

High seed protein concentration (HP) in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is attained by increases in protein content in large seed genotypes (HP large seed) or by reductions in oil and carbohydrates contents in small seed genotypes (HP small seed). We hypothesized that these alternative strategies impact seed development, component accumulation, and gene expression differently. We compared a standard protein commercial genotype with two HP genotypes having contrasting seed size. The HP large seed genotype exhibited the fastest rate and longest period of seed growth and reserves accumulation compared with the HP small genotype. Seed development of these contrasting genotypes was normalized using a moisture depletion framework. Expression levels of some of the genes involved in protein and oil synthesis were lower in the HP small seed genotype compared with the other genotypes. No difference in gene expression was observed between the commercial and the HP large seed genotypes, suggesting a role for assimilate supply controlling high protein concentration based on this strategy. Our results indicate that seed development and gene expression are not necessarily associated with high seed protein concentration per se; a better understanding of seed composition requires acknowledging the contrasting strategies, in terms of seed size, to attain high seed protein concentration.
The New Innovative Technologies and EFL Classes
Authors: Laabidi Youssouf , Laabidi Hicham
Published: November 2016

Information and communication technology can be considered as a powerful tool which provides us with new views on education. Being aware of the benefits of technology in teaching will surly assist teachers, administers and parents cultivate a positive attitude toward ICT.In this research the questionnaire is used as data collection instrument. The questionnaire addresses only university English language teachers. Forty six university English language teachers are chosen from two universities: Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Arts and Humanities – Meknes and Sidi Mohamed Ben AbdellahDahr – El Mahraz – Fes as a case study. So as to analyze the data from the questionnaire, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 is employed. The research findings reveal that Moroccan university English language teachers regard Information and Communication Technology as very essential in their teaching
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Traditional versus Technology-based Instruction on Reading Comprehension of EFL Students
Authors: Alsuwat Sami , Young Jamaal Rashad
Published: November 2016

Reading is an essential skill for language acquisition, especially for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Reading comprehension is essential for academic success, thus teachers and researchers are consistently testing new strategies and resources to assist EFL students. Given the growing technological infrastructure many schools are forgoing traditional strategies for digital reading resources. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis investigates the effects of using strategy instruction versus technology-based instruction on the reading comprehension of EFL learners. A Meta-analysis of 17 studies (20 effect sizes) published between the years 2007 and 2016 was conducted. A three level inclusion and exclusion process was used to select studies based on the a priori criteria. The overall combined effect size for traditional strategies and technology-based strategies was (d=1.176), which is considered a large effect size. The findings of the moderator analysis suggest that the use of traditional reading strategy instruction or technology-based reading instruction is equally effective for supporting the reading comprehension of EFL students. Recommendations for enhanced teaching and learning are provided to support EFL student reading comprehension.
THE APPLICATION OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF INTERCULTURAL ADAPTATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS
Authors: Maksimchuk E. D.
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis of empirical facts obtained on the basis of the implementation of the author's program of social and psychological support of foreign students’ intercultural adaptation. The main directions of the program are: the development of social and personal skills, the overcoming of the negative phenomena, the development of social and psychological characteristics of a foreign student’s personality. Statistical analysis revealed significant changes in the social and psychological aspects of foreign students’ intercultural adaptation on the basis of the application of support program: situational anxiety, subjective well-being, cultural distance, ethnic tolerance, culture shock, affective component of ethnic identity, adaptability, interactivity, depression, estrangement.
THE PARAMETERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS IN CORRELATION TO THEIR PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Panasenko E. A. , Morozova I. S.
Published: November 2016

The article features the problem of correlation between the parameters of psychological defenses and personality characteristics of students. It was found that if the person, when resolving difficult life situations, has resorted to the use of defense mechanisms, such as repression, regression, compensation, substitution or jet formation, this leads to a decrease of flexibility of behavior and refusal to accept themselves as is, an increase of the dependence on the opinion of others, and prevents adequate perception of time. The article defines the dominant mechanisms of psychological defenses among first-year students, such as the mechanism of "projection", "denial" and "intellectualization ". It is proved that self-actualized individuals change their behavior in accordance with the situation and demonstrate a natural expression of emotions and feelings, asking others for support.
COMPARISONS AS EXPLICATION IMAGES OF SPACE IN N. S. GUMILYOV AND L. N. GUMILYOV'S WORK
Authors: Bachurina E. B.
Published: November 2016

The scope of the research is represented by the spatial images expressed by means of comparisons-likenings in L. N. Gumilyov’s ethnographic discourse and N. S. Gumilyov’s poetry. The choice of subject is motivated by the common interests of the father and the son, their mutual love for actual and mental travel, for ancient history ofEurasia. The aim of the research is to define similarity and distinction in the use of comparisonslikenings with spatial semantics in L. N. Gumilyov's monographies and N. S. Gumilyov's poems, to present stylistic features of the ethnographer’s discourse. The following general scientific methods are used: observations; classifications; comparisons and the subsequent interpretation of the collected actual material; the communicatively-pragmatical approach to language of the text together with contextual and component-sememic analysis (in part). The article summarizes material on the nature of comparison, its modes of expression, its structure in the simple sentence. The likening-comparison is represented as a leading constant of the functionalsemantic field of comparativity. Several types of comparative images of space have been singled out both in L. N. Gumilyov’s ethnographic discourse and N. S. Gumilyov’s poetry; their similarities and differences have been described. The peculiarities of the individual style of the ethnographer in his use of metaphorical combinations are revealed. Types of comparisons in relation to the reader's perception, connected with the effect of recognition, novelty, unexpectedness are defined, which makes it possible to reveal the connection of scientific narrative with art. The article adds to the understanding of L. N. Gumilyov’s language personality. Conclusions. The figurative comparison, reflecting the concept of space (and its parts) in L. N. Gumilyov's ethnographic works and N. S. Gumilyov's poetry, corresponds with the following three types of reader's perception: the effects of recognition / novelty / unexpectedness. This observation has revealed the certain features of the use of comparisons in the Gumilyovs’ language in their work. The article can be used at special courses and special seminars, devoted to functionalsemantic fields, general and art stylistics, communicative – pragmatical approach to the language of texts of different styles.
FORMATION OF MILITARY FORCES ON THE IRTYSH BOUNDARY LINE IN THE MIDDLE 1740s
Authors: Kontev A. V.
Published: November 2016

The article discusses the formation of the Fortress on the Irtysh boundary line of fortifications and introduction toSiberiaregular army units. It introduces a detailed study of the movement of military forces to the region and their redeployment to the south ofWestern Siberia. This process is presented in the context of the actions of the Russian administration aimed at building a single line of fortifications inSiberia. These events were largely related to the complication of the geopolitical situation on the Dzungar-Russian state border in connection with the development of mining and metallurgical industry in the Altai. The article examines the contribution to the formation of the border fortifications inWestern Siberiaby the Governor of Orenburg krai Ivan Neplyuev, Governor of Siberia Alexander Sukharev and the first commander of the Siberian Corps general H. Kindermann. On the basis of materials of central and regional archives the author covers the issues of mapping of the planned and actually built fortifications on theIrtyshline; the article states the number of weapons in the outposts and fortresses in the middle of 1740s.
THE TURKIC POPULATION OF KUZNETSK DISTRICT ON THE MAPS FROM THE ATLASES OF S. U. REMEZOV
Authors: Kontev A. V. , Borodaev V. B.
Published: November 2016

The article presents a brief history of the formation of cartographic sources which make the atlases of the Tobolsk cartographer S. U. Remezov, as well as the circumstances of the creation of the atlases themselves. Based on the analysis of three atlases and General maps ofSiberiakept in the Hermitage collection, the authors define the habitats of the peoples of the Kuznetsk district, which paid tribute to the Russian Tsar, and the neighboring Turkic peoples, who were not Russian tributaries. The geographic mapping of yasak townships and resettlement of tax-paying people in the middlebasinofUpper Obare discussed here in detail. The article features the geography of the tributaries in theUpper Obregion. The authors give a complex picture of the distribution of influences between two neighboring states –Russiaand Oyratia. The results of the study are reflected on a specially compiled historical map. The map includes a complete list of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples of theUpper Ob, whose habitats are marked on the drawings created or copied by Semyon Remezov in late XVII – early XVIII centuries.
INTEGRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONAL AGGRESSIVENESS
Authors: Korytchenkova N. I. , Akhverdova O. A. , Smagina S. S.
Published: November 2016

The article describes the main determinants of aggressiveness of personality. It introduces a four-level model of aggressiveness of personality depending on the type of behavioral regulation and ways of information processing: generalized aggression; selective, local aggression; adaptive and creative aggression. Selected stages of aggression: accumulation of negative emotions; stress or strain; discharge of emotional stress. Levels and stages of aggressive behavior differ in the degree of manifestation of aggressiveness. The article features a number of close correlations between aggressiveness and the factors obtained by specific diagnostic techniques.
Дослідження розмірів мозолистого тіла в дітей з розладами аутистичного спектра
Authors: Kirillova L.G. , Miroshnykov A.A.
Published: November 2016

Деякі з попередніх досліджень мозолистого тіла за допомогою магнітно-резонансної томографії виявили зниження площі й розмірів мозолистого тіла, а також його окремих ділянок у дітей з розладами аутистичного спектра. Ми використовували базу даних PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scorpus для пошуку досліджень розмірів мозолистого тіла при аутизмі за допомогою магнітно-резонансної томографії. Отримані в різних дослідженнях результати розрізнялися за наявністю й регіонарними особливостями зменшення розмірів мозолистого тіла. Основною метою даного дослідження було визначення значущості та вираженості зменшення розмірів і площі мозолистого тіла та його окремих відділів у дітей з розладами аутистичного спектра. За допомогою магнітно-резонансної томографії було проведено вивчення загальної площі мозолистого тіла і 5 його відділів у 23 дітей з розладами аутистичного спектра й 15 здорових дітей у контрольній групі, які відповідали основній групі за середнім віком. Було виявлено зниження площі мозолистого тіла і всіх його відділів в основній групі.
Лікування дорослих та дітей з органічною локальною спастичністю м’язів нижніх кінцівок
Authors: Lontkovskyi Yu.A.
Published: November 2016

У статті описано диференційований підхід до лікування локальної спастичності м’язів нижніх кінцівок. Питання покращення якості життя хворих з органічними ураженнями центральної нервової системи у віддаленому періоді сьогодні стає все більш актуальним. Однією з основних причин низької якості життя цих хворих є патологічна м’язова спастичність. Такі хворі ледве пересуваються, догляд за ними ускладнюється. Спастичність у привідних м’язах стегна обтяжує догляд за хворим, унеможливлює формування кульшових суглобів хворих на дитячий церебральний параліч. Локальна спастичність у згиначах ступні та пальців обмежує функціональні можливості хворих, унеможливлює формування навичок стояння й ходьби, призводить до формування патологічної пози, викривлення хребта, утворення м’язово-сухожилкових та суглобових контрактур. Під час ретельного передопераційного відбору проводився тест із параневральною блокадою бупівакаїном нервів, що іннервують спастичний м’яз. За відсутності необоротних фіброзно-дегенеративних змін у м’язах і збереженні рухливості в суглобах на час дії анестетика наставало суттєве покращення стану хворого, що супроводжувалось значним зниженням спастичності та збільшенням об’єму рухів у суглобах. В усіх хворих у ранньому післяопераційному періоді виявлено вірогідне зниження м’язового тонусу та значне збільшення обсягу рухів у суглобах. Завдяки цьому зникли спастичні синдроми, що вже на цьому етапі дало можливість проводити ранню реабілітацію, починати формування статомоторних навичок.
Сучасні особливості перебігу неврологічних ускладнень хронічного алкоголізму
Authors: Leonovich A.L. , Shalkevich L.V. , Kudlatch A.I.
Published: November 2016

У статті розглядаються питання клінічних і діагностичних аспектів різних нозологічних форм ураження нервової системи при зловживанні алкоголем. Проводиться аналіз літературних даних і зіставлення їх з власними клінічними спостереженнями. Освітлено стан проблеми на сучасному етапі та запропоновано оригінальну класифікаційну схему неврологічних ускладнень хронічного алкоголізму.
Діагностичне значення окремих маркерів у верифікації бактеріального характеру запальних процесів респіраторної системи
Authors: Koloskova O.K. , Ivanova L.A. , Bіlous T.M. , Goncharuk R.I.
Published: November 2016

Вступ. Останнім часом накопичено все більше даних стосовно ролі інфекції як чинника ризику візинг-синдрому, бронхіальної астми та її загострень, що досить часто потребують проведення диференціальної діагностики з таким їх ускладненням, як пневмонія бактеріальної чи вірусної етіології. Мета роботи: для покращення діагностики бактеріальних запальних процесів дихальних шляхів у дітей різного віку вивчити окремі результати обстеження хворих. Матеріал і методи. Комплексно обстежено 279 хворих дітей від грудного до дошкільного віку. Першу (І) клінічну групу становили 100 дітей грудного віку, які надійшли до стаціонару з приводу позалікарняної бактеріальної пневмонії (БП). Другу (ІІ) групу сформували 56 хворих на бронхіальну астму дітей, у яких підтверджено бактеріальну природу фебрильних нападів астми. До третьої (ІІІ) групи увійшло 46 хворих на БА пацієнтів, у яких підтверджено вірусний характер фебрильних загострень астми. А четверту (IV) групу сформували 77 пацієнтів грудного віку з гострою вірусною інфекцією (ГРВІ) дихальних шляхів у вигляді гострого бронхіту (45 дітей), бронхіоліту (15 випадків) і вірусної пневмонії (17 хворих). Результати та їх обговорення. За показниками лейкоцитограми периферичної крові у хворих на БП на відміну від однолітків із ГРВІ відзначалась наявність бактеріально-запального процесу. Дослідження в сироватці крові концентрації С-реактивного протеїну дозволило отримати такі результати: середній вміст даного білка в І клінічний групі становив 67,26 ± 4,90 мг/л, у ІV групі — 22,39 ± 4,40 мг/л, у ІІ групі — 56,2 ± 2,6 мг/л та в III групі порівняння — 28,8 ± 2,4 мг/л (PI : II, III, IV; II : III, IV < 0,05). Висновки. Жоден вивчений клініко-параклінічний маркер не має самостійної діагностичної цінності у підтвердженні бактеріального запалення.
Вплив промислових полютантів на імунний і метаболічний статус здорових дітей 12–14 років, які проживають у різних промислових зонах Луганської області
Authors: Vitrishchak S.V. , Savina Ye.L. , Zhuk S.V. , Klimenko A.K.
Published: November 2016

Вивчення факторів, що впливають на стан здоров’я, залишається одним з актуальних медико-соціальних напрямків, особливо у суспільстві, де донині не подолана тенденція до зниження рівня життя населення, обумовлена демографічними та економічними кризами; необхідно розробити патогенетично обґрунтований спосіб корекції імунних і метаболічних показників у дітей середнього шкільного віку, які піддаються впливу промислових аерополютантів. Промислові аерополютанти негативно впливають на імунний статус практично здорових дітей. Найбільші імунологічні порушення мають місце у дітей, які проживають у промисловій зоні, за відсутності порушень у жителів сільськогосподарської зони.
Мукополісахаридоз II типу в практиці терапевта
Authors: Vatanskaya I.Y. , Strekozova I.P. , Kotelevskaya I.T.
Published: November 2016

Стаття присвячена одній із спадкових хвороб — мукополісахаридозу II типу, що розвивається в результаті дефіциту лізосомальних ферментів і призводить до порушення катаболізму основної речовини сполучної тканини — вуглеводної частини молекули мукополісахаридів (глікозаміногліканів). При цьому в тканинах (переважно у фібробластах і мезенхімальних клітинах) накопичуються хондроїтинсульфат В і/або гепаранмоносульфат, що веде до неповноцінної будови сполучної тканини, викликає грубі клітинні зміни і виникнення характерної клінічної картини. До особливостей їх клінічної картини належать різноманіття проявів, залучення в патологічний процес багатьох органів і систем, різний вік початку хвороби, з чим і пов’язані труднощі в діагностиці цих захворювань. За наявності вираженого клінічного поліморфізму (інфантильні, ювенільні, дорослі форми) всі лізосомальні хвороби характеризуються прогредієнтним перебігом і в більшості своїй призводять до ранньої інвалідизації і передчасної смерті. У світі найбільш часто зустрічається мукополісахаридоз II типу — синдром Хантера. Автори наводять власне клінічне спостереження і вказують на особливості перебігу респіраторної патології у даної категорії дорослих пацієнтів.
KANDUNGAN GIZI, RENDEMEN TEPUNG, DAN KADAR FENOL TOTAL ALPUKAT (Persea americana, Mill) VARIETAS I JO PANJANG DAN I JO BUNDAR
Authors: Marsigit Wuri , Astuti Mary , Anggrahini Sri , Naruki Sri
Published: November 2016

The aims of the study were to determine pulp proportion, dried pulp rendement, nutrient dan  total phenolic contentavocado variety of Ijo Panjang dan Ijo Bundar. Variety of Ijo Panjang and Ijo Bundar were selected because both of varieties were categorized as excelent varities and recomendedto develop in Indonesia. Water, carbohydrate, protein, fat dan ash content were determined by using proxymate analysis (AOAC), vitamin A dan E using spectrophotometry method, vitamin C using titration method, dan minerals using AAS method. Total phenolic content were determined by using Follin-Cialcetau method. The result of the studies found that pulp portion Ijo Bundar Variety higher than Ijo Panjang. Water content dan zinc of Ijo Panjang variety higher than Ijo Bundar. Dried pulp rendement of Ijo Bundar higher than Ijo Panjang. Protein, fat,  ash, minerals (Fe, Na, K dan P) avocado variety of Ijo Bundar higher than Ijo Panjang. Magnesium dan mangan content of both varieties have not significant different. Total phenolic content of pulp dan dried pulp were higher in Ijo Bundar than Ijo Bundar.Keywords: Pulp proportion, dried pulp rendement, nutrients dan total phenolics content ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi daging buah, rendemen tepung, kandungan gizi dan fenol totalalpukat varietas Ijo Panjang dan Ijo Bundar. Pemilihan kedua varietas tersebut karena merupakan varietas unggul dan direkomendasikan untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Kandungan, air, karbohidat, protein, lemak dan abu dilakukan dengan analisis proksimat (AOAC), kandungan vitamin A dan E dengan metode spektrofotometri dan vitamin C dengan metode titrasi, analisis mineral dengan metode AAS. Total fenol dianalisis dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proporsi daging buah, kadar air, seng varietas Ijo Panjang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Ijo Bundar. Rendemen tepung alpukat lebih tinggi pada varietas Ijo Bundar. Kandungan protein, lemak, abu, vitamin (A,E dan C), mineral (Fe, Na, K, P) lebih tinggi pada varietas Ijo Bundar. Kandungan magnesium dan mangan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan kedua varietas.  Fenol total daging buah dan tepung alpukat lebih tinggi pada varietas Ijo Bundar dibandingkan Ijo Panjang.Kata kunci: Prorporsi daging buah, rendemen tepung, kandungan gizi, fenol total
ANALISIS DISTRIBUSI SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN UDARA DALAM RUMAH JAMUR (KUMBUNG) MENGGUNAKAN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)
Authors: Anisum Anisum , Bintoro Nursigit , Goenadi Sunarto
Published: November 2016

One effort to optimize the temperature and humidity in the mushroom house during the dry season using evaporative cooler. This research was conducted two treatment variation which were assessed about distribution of temperature and humidity of air inside a mushroom house using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the condition of building using natural ventilation and condition of building with water used evaporative cooler. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was able to model the distributions of temperature and humidity, and air movement pattern inside of a mushroom house. The validation point of temperature distribution and humidity in the mushroom house has an error 0.70-2.62%. The results CFD analysis of temperature and humidity were able to reduced by about ±loC and ±5.1% for building with evaporative cooler used water. The indicated that buildings evaporative cooler used water able to reduced air temperature and increasing humidity in the mushroom houses.Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), oyster, mushroom house,  evaporative cooler ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan suhu dan kelembaban udara dalam rumah jamur pada musim kemarau dengan menggunakan evaporative cooler (pendingin penguap). Pada penelitian ini ada dua variasi perlakuan yang dikaji pendistribusian suhu dan kelembaban udara dalam rumah jamur dengan menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), yaitu kondisi bangunan menggunakan ventilasi alamiah dan kondisi bangunan dengan pendingin penguap (evaporative cooler) menggunakan air. Analisis dengan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) mampu memodelkan distribusi suhu dan kelembaban udara, serta pola pergerakan udara dalam rumah jamur. Nilai validasi distribusi suhu dan kelembaban udara dalam rumah jamur menunjukkan error 0,70 - 2,62%. Dari hasil analisis CFD suhu dan kelembaban udara mampu diturunkan sebesar ±1oC dan ±5,1% untuk bangunan dengan evaporative cooler menggunakan air. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bangunan dengan evaporative cooler menggunakan air mampu menurunkan suhu udara dan meningkatkan kelembaban udara dalam rumah jamur.Kata kunci: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), rumah jamur (kumbung), evaporative cooler
OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN BUBUK OLEORESIN LADA (Piper nigrum) MELALUI PROSES EMULSIFIKASI DAN MIKROENKAPSULASI (Optimization Process Production Powder of Oleoresin Pepper (Piper nigrum) by Process of Emulsification and Microencapsulation)
Authors: Syafi'i Firdaus , Wijaya Christofora Hanny , Nurtama Budi
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to improve the quality of pepper product by optimize process of emulsification and microencapsulation. The experimental design used in this study was Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the selected emulsifier was arabic gum that had the highest solubility in water (99.78%). The optimum point of emulsification occured at 15% of concentration arabic gum and 4 minutes of homogenization time with the result was solubility in water 99.80%, and emulsion stability 97.78%. The optimum point of microencapsulation process occured at 3:1 of maltodextrin and sodium caseinate ratio, 10% of coating material concentration, and 180°C of drying temperature with the result was essential oil content 1.04%, solubility in water 98.18%, surface oil 0.20%, water content 2.45%, oil recovery 77.07%, and the yield of microcapsule 69.87%Keywords: Pepper oleoresin, RSM, emulsification, microencapsulationABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kualitas mutu produk oleoresin lada melalui optimasi proses emulsifikasi dan mikroenkapsulasi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahan pengemulsi yang terpilih adalah gum arab yang memiliki kelarutan tertinggi dalam air (99,78%). Titik optimum proses emulsifikasi terjadi pada konsentrasi gum arab 15% dan lama homogenisasi 4 menit yang memberikan nilai kelarutan dalam air 99,80% dan stabilitas emulsi 97,15%. Titik optimum proses mikroenkapsulasi terjadi pada rasio maltodekstrin dan natrium kaseinat (3:1), konsentrasi bahan penyalut 10%, dan suhu inlet pengeringan 180°C yang memberikan nilai kadar minyak atsiri 1,04%, kelarutan dalam air 98,18%, kadar surface oil 0,20%, kadar air 2,45%, oil recovery 77,07%, dan rendemen 69,87%Kata kunci: Oleoresin lada, RSM, emulsifikasi, mikroenkapsulasi
KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK CAMPURAN RED PALM OIL DENGAN PALM KERNEL OLEIN (Characteristics of Oil Blends from Red Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Olein)
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Riswanto Adi , Ngatirah Ngatirah
Published: November 2016

Characteristics of oil blends has been produced from red palm oil (RPO) and palm kernel olein (PKOo) with seven ratios with a total of 100, namely A (0:100), B (25:75), C (40:60), D (50:50), E (60:40), F (75:25) and G (100:0) v/v investigated with randomized complete block design. The result showed that different of ratio levels RPO and PKOo have some effects on peroxide value, saponification value, melting point, cloud point and β-carotene content from RPO-PKOo oil blends, but has not effect on free fatty acid content. Higher level of PKOo content on formulas oil blends were decreased of saponification value and melting point, but was increased of cloud point. The best of RPOPKOo oil blends has been obtained at ratio 50:50 (v/v), with 459.52 ppm β-carotene, 1.35 meq/kg peroxide value, 0.09 % free fatty acid, 202.60 saponification value, 24.15 oC melting point and 7.15 oC cloud point. Fatty acids composition were 1.24 % capric acid, 29.00 % lauric acid, 10.09 % miristic acid, 23.10 % palmitic acid, 5.84 linoleic acid, 27.30 % oleic acid and 3.43 % stearic acid.Keywords: Red palm oil, palm kernel olein, oil blends, chemical and physical propertiesABSTRAKSifat-sifat minyak campuran yang dihasilkan dari red palm oil (RPO) dan palm kernel olein (PKOo) dengan tujuh tingkat rasio yang totalnya 100, yaitu A (0:100), B (25:75), C (40:60), D (50:50), E (60:40), F (75:25) dan G (100:0) (v/v) dikaji menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio RPO:PKOo mempengaruhi angka peroksida, angka penyabunan, melting point, cloud point dan kadar β-karoten dari minyak campuran RPO-PKOo yang dihasilkan, namun tidak mempengaruhi kadar asam lemak bebas. Peningkatan jumlah PKOo yang ditambahkan dalam minyak campuran RPO-PKOo, akan menurunkan angka penyabunan dan melting point, namun akan menaikkan cloud point. Produk minyak campuran RPO-PKOo terbaik diperoleh pada rasio 50:50 (v/v), dengan kadar β-karoten 459,52 ppm, angka peroksida 1,35 meq/kg, asam lemak bebas 0,09 %, angka penyabunan 202,60, melting point 24,15 oC dan cloud point 7,15 oC, serta komposisi asam lemak (kaprat 1,24 %, laurat 29,00 %, miristat 10,09 %, palmitat 23,10 %, linoleat 5,84 %, oleat 27,30 % dan stearat 3,43 %).Kata kunci: Red palm oil, palm kernel olein, minyak campuran, sifat kimia, sifat fisika
OPTIMASI DENGAN ALGORITMA RSM-CCD PADA EVAPORATOR VAKUM WATERJET DENGAN PENGENDALI SUHU FUZZY PADA PEMBUATAN PERMEN SUSU (RSM-CCD Algorithm for Optimizing Waterjet Vacuum Evaporator Using Fuzzy Temperature Control in The Milk Candy Production)
Authors: Hendrawan Yusuf , Susilo Bambang , Putranto Angky Wahyu , Riza Dimas Firmanda Al , Maharani Dewi Maya , Amri Mutiara Nisa'
Published: November 2016

Milk candy is a product which has to be produced under a high temperature to achieve the caramelization process. The use of vacuum system during a food processing is one of the alternatives to engineer the value of a material’s boiling point. The temperature control system and the mixing speed in machine that produce the milk candy were expected to be able to prevent the formation of off-flavour in the final product. A smart control system based on fuzzy logic was applied in the temperature control within the double jacket vacuum evaporator machine that needs stable temperature in the cooking process. The objective of this research is developing vacuum evaporator for milk candy production using fuzzy temperature control. The result in machine and system planning showed that the process of milk candy production was going on well. The parameter optimization of water content and ash content purposed to acquire the temperature point parameter and mixing speed in milk candy production. The optimization method was response surface methodology (RSM), by using the model of central composite design (CCD). The optimization resulted 90.18oC for the temperature parameter and 512 RPM for the mixing speed, with the prediction about 4.69% of water content and 1.57% of ash content.Keywords: Optimization, vacuum evaporator, fuzzy, milk candy, response surface methodologyABSTRAKPermen susu merupakan salah satu produk yang diolah dengan suhu tinggi untuk mencapai proses karamelisasi. Pengolahan pangan dengan sistem vakum merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk merekayasa nilai titik didih suatu bahan. Sistem pengendalian suhu serta kecepatan pengadukan pada mesin produksi permen susu diharapkan dapat mencegah terbentuknya partikel hitam (off-flavour) pada produk akhir. Sistem kontrol cerdas logika fuzzy diaplikasikan dalam pengendalian suhu pada mesin evaporator vakum double jacket yang membutuhkan tingkat stabilitas suhu pemasakan permen susu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat rancang bangun evaporator vakum pada pembuatan permen susu dengan menggunakan pengendali suhu fuzzy. Hasil perancangan mesin dan sistem menunjukkan bahwa proses produksi permen susu dapat berlangsung dengan baik. Optimasi parameter kadar air dan kadar abu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan titik parameter suhu dan kecepatan pengadukan produksi permen susu yang optimum. Metode optimasi menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM) model central composite design (CCD). Hasil optimasi didapatkan parameter suhu 90,18oC dan kecepatan pengadukan 512 RPM, dengan prediksi produk permen susu memiliki nilai kadar air 4,69% dan kadar abu 1,57%.Kata kunci: Optimasi, evaporator vakum, fuzzy, permen susu, response surface methodology
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUAH ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) PADA Vibrio harveyi DAN Vibrio alginolyticus Antibacterial Activity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) Extract on Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Budianto Budianto , Prajitno Arief , Yuniarti Ating
Published: November 2016

Evaluation of natural products as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent is a scientific strategy to treat the drugresistant pathogens.Fennel(FoeniculumvulgareMill) is an herbal plant that has an active in gredient which is one of its benefit sasan antibacterial material.In thisstudy,water extract of fennel fruit determined the antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus using the minimumInhibitory  Concentration Test (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The results obtained on the MIC, the smallest concentration inhibited the growth was 0,060 g/ml, for both bacteria. The variations on Paper Disk Diffusion Method were the concentrations of A (0.065 g/ml), B (0.070g/ml), C (0.075 g/mL), D (0.080 g/ml), E (0.085 g/ml), F (0.090 g/ml) and Control (0.000 g/ml). The concentration of 0.090 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone diameter in 11.17 ± 0.5 mm (V. harveyi) and 12.53 ± 1.14 mm (V. alginolyticus). It can be concluded that the fruits of fennel (F. vulgare Mill) has a very important ecological role as an alternative treatment in controlling the spread of vibriosis caused by V. harveyi and V. alginolyticus.Keywords: Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, MIC test and paper disk diffusionABSTRAKEvaluasi produk alami sebagai agen antimikrobia yang aman dan efektif adalah salah satu strategi ilmiah untuk memerangi ancaman patogen resistan terhadap obat. Fennel, (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), umumnya dikenal sebagai adas, merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki bahan aktif yang salah satu manfaatnya adalah sebagai bahan antibakteri.Pada penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak air dari buah adas untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dan Vibrio alginolyticus dengan menggunakan metode uji Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan difusi cakram kertas. Hasil yang diperoleh pada uji MIC, konsentrasi terkecil untuk menghambat pertumbuhan adalah 0,060 g/ml, untuk kedua spesies bakteri. Variasi perlakuan pada uji cakram kertas yaitu konsentrasi A (0,065 g/ml), B (0,070 g/ml), C (0,075 g/ml), D (0,080 g/ml), E (0,085 g/ml), F (0,090 g/ml) dan kontrol (0,000 g/ml), hasil yang diperoleh adalah konsentrasi 0,090 g/ml memiliki diameter zona hambat tertinggi sebesar 11,17 ± 0,5 mm (V. harveyi) dan 12,53 ± 1,14 mm (V. alginolyticus), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa buah adas (F. vulgare Mill) memiliki peranan ekologi yang sangat penting sebagai bahan pengobatan alternatif dalam pengendalian penyebaran penyakit Vibriosis yang disebabkan oleh V. harveyi dan V. alginolyticus.Kata kunci: Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, uji MIC dan difusi cakram kertas