bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Ultra-High-Temperature Acidizing Corrosion Inhibitor for 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Li Danping , Song Wenwen , Zhang Junping , Yin Chengxian , Zhao Mifeng , Chao Hongzhou , Zhang Juantao , Lei Zigang , Fan Lei , Liu Wan , Li Xiaolong
Published: March 2023

The acidizing corrosion inhibitors reported so far have a poor effect on duplex stainless steel in high-temperature and high-concentration acid systems and cannot effectively inhibit the occurrence of selective corrosion. In this paper, a new acidizing corrosion inhibitor was designed, which was mainly composed of Mannich base and antimony salt. The inorganic substance in the corrosion inhibitor had good stability at high temperatures and could quickly form a complex with the metal matrix to enhance the binding ability. The organic substance can make up for the non-dense part of the inorganic film. The properties of developed corrosion inhibitors were analyzed by quantum chemical calculation, molecular dynamics simulation, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that a double-layer membrane structure could be constructed after adding the corrosion inhibitor, which could play a good role in blocking the diffusion of acid solution at high-temperature. The uniform corrosion rate of 2205 duplex stainless steel after adding acidizing corrosion inhibitor immersion in a simulated service condition (9 wt.% HCl + 1.5 wt.% HF + 3 wt.% CH3COOH + 4~6 wt.%) at 140 °C, 160 °C and 180 °C for a 4 h test is 6.9350 g·m−2·h−1, 6.3899 g·m−2·h−1 and 12.1881 g·m−2·h−1, respectively, which shows excellent corrosion inhibition effect and is far lower than that of the commonly accepted 81 g·m−2·h−1 and no selective corrosion could be detected.
Special Issue of “Material Analysis in Cultural Heritage”
Authors: Šmit Žiga , Menart Eva
Published: March 2023

The objects of cultural heritage represent memories of human activities from the past [...]
Performance Modeling of Spherical Capsules during Mixing of Self-Consolidating Concrete
Authors: Chidiac Samir E. , Reda Mouna A.
Published: March 2023

Autonomous healing is a very promising technique in self-healing concrete systems. For capsules to achieve their anticipated performance, they should be able to survive the harsh mixing conditions of concrete, yet rupture upon concrete cracking. At present, there are no standard test methods, either experimental or analytical, for determining the capsule survival rate during concrete mixing. This study investigates the correlation between the capsules’ shell properties, concrete rheological properties, the capsules’ external forces, and capsule survival rate during concrete mixing. Finite element and statistical modeling techniques were employed to evaluate the capsule performance and predict the survival rate of capsules during concrete mixing, with 68% confidence. The results revealed that the capsules’ survivability during concrete mixing is highly influenced by the capsule’s radius-to-thickness ratio, the rheological properties of the fresh concrete, the average-paste-thickness (APT) of the concrete mix, the aggregate content and angularity, and the speed of the mixer. In brief, capsules with a radius-to-thickness ratio between 30 and 45 are likely to survive concrete mixing and yet still rupture upon concrete cracking.
Early Career Scientists’ (ECS) Contributions to Meteorology
Authors: Bucchignani Edoardo
Published: March 2023

The importance of meteorological events is felt in everyday life and the critical impact of the weather on human activities has led to the development of the science of weather forecasting [...]
Semantically Adaptive JND Modeling with Object-Wise Feature Characterization, Context Inhibition and Cross-Object Interaction
Authors: Wang Xia , Yin Haibing , Lu Yu , Zhao Shiling , Chen Yong
Published: March 2023

Performance bottlenecks in the optimization of JND modeling based on low-level manual visual feature metrics have emerged. High-level semantics bear a considerable impact on perceptual attention and subjective video quality, yet most existing JND models do not adequately account for this impact. This indicates that there is still much room and potential for performance optimization in semantic feature-based JND models. To address this status quo, this paper investigates the response of visual attention induced by heterogeneous semantic features with an eye on three aspects, i.e., object, context, and cross-object, to further improve the efficiency of JND models. On the object side, this paper first focuses on the main semantic features that affect visual attention, including semantic sensitivity, objective area and shape, and central bias. Following that, the coupling role of heterogeneous visual features with HVS perceptual properties are analyzed and quantified. Second, based on the reciprocity of objects and contexts, the contextual complexity is measured to gauge the inhibitory effect of contexts on visual attention. Third, cross-object interactions are dissected using the principle of bias competition, and a semantic attention model is constructed in conjunction with a model of attentional competition. Finally, to build an improved transform domain JND model, a weighting factor is used by fusing the semantic attention model with the basic spatial attention model. Extensive simulation results validate that the proposed JND profile is highly consistent with HVS and highly competitive among state-of-the-art models.
OpenVNT: An Open Platform for VIS-NIR Technology
Authors: Kulko Roman-David , Pletl Alexander , Mempel Heike , Wahl Florian , Elser Benedikt
Published: March 2023

Spectrometers measure diffuse reflectance and create a “molecular fingerprint” of the material under investigation. Ruggedized, small scale devices for “in-field” use cases exist. Such devices might for example be used by companies in the food supply chain for inward inspection of goods. However, their application for the industrial Internet of Things workflows or scientific research is limited due to their proprietary nature. We propose an open platform for visible and near-infrared technology (OpenVNT), an open platform for capturing, transmitting, and analysing spectral measurements. It is built for use in the field, as it is battery-powered and transmits data wireless. To achieve high accuracy, the OpenVNT instrument contains two spectrometers covering a wavelength range of 400–1700 nm. We conducted a study on white grapes to compare the performance of the OpenVNT instrument against the Felix Instruments F750, an established commercial instrument. Using a refractometer as ground truth, we built and validated models to estimate the Brix value. As a quality measure, we used coefficient of determination of the cross-validation (R2CV) between the instrument estimation and ground truth. With 0.94 for the OpenVNT and 0.97 for the F750, a comparable R2CV was achieved for both instruments. OpenVNT matches the performance of commercially available instruments at one tenth of the price. We provide an open bill of materials, building instructions, firmware, and analysis software to enable research and industrial IOT solutions without the limitations of walled garden platforms.
Large Displacement Detection Using Improved Lucas–Kanade Optical Flow
Authors: Al-Qudah Saleh , Yang Mijia
Published: March 2023

Displacement is critical when it comes to the evaluation of civil structures. Large displacement can be dangerous. There are many methods that can be used to monitor structural displacements, but every method has its benefits and limitations. Lucas–Kanade (LK) optical flow is recognized as a superior computer vision displacement tracking method, but it only applies to small displacement monitoring. An upgraded LK optical flow method is developed in this study and used to detect large displacement motions. One motion controlled by a multiple purpose testing system (MTS) and a free-falling experiment were designed to verify the developed method. The results provided by the upgraded LK optical flow method showed 97 percent accuracy when compared with the movement of the MTS piston. In order to capture the free-falling large displacement, the pyramid and warp optical flow methods are included in the upgraded LK optical flow method and compared with the results of template matching. The warping algorithm with the second derivative Sobel operator provides accurate displacements with 96% average accuracy.
Multi–Output Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Network Model for Untrained Compound Fault Diagnosis of Rotor Systems with Non–Contact Sensors
Authors: Son Taehwan , Hong Dongwoo , Kim Byeongil
Published: March 2023

Fault diagnosis is important in rotor systems because severe damage can occur during the operation of systems under harsh conditions. The advancements in machine learning and deep learning have led to enhanced performance of classification. Two important elements of fault diagnosis using machine learning are data preprocessing and model structure. Multi–class classification is used to classify faults into different single types, whereas multi–label classification classifies faults into compound types. It is valuable to focus on the capability of detecting compound faults because multiple faults can exist simultaneously. Diagnosis of untrained compound faults is also a merit. In this study, input data were first preprocessed with short–time Fourier transform. Then, a model was built for classification of the state of the system based on multi–output classification. Finally, the proposed model was evaluated based on its performance and robustness for classification of compound faults. This study proposes an effective model based on multi–output classification, which can be trained using only single fault data for the classification of compound faults and confirms the robustness of the model to changes in unbalance.
The r’-Wave Algorithm: A New Diagnostic Tool to Predict the Diagnosis of Brugada Syndrome after a Sodium Channel Blocker Provocation Test
Authors: Vetta Giampaolo , Parlavecchio Antonio , Pistelli Lorenzo , Desalvo Paolo , Lo Savio Armando , Magnocavallo Michele , Caminiti Rodolfo , Tribuzio Anna , Vairo Alessandro , La Maestra Diego , Vetta Francesco , Dattilo Giuseppe , Luzza Francesco , Di Bella Gianluca , Rossini Roberta , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Crea Pasquale
Published: March 2023

A diagnosis of Brugada syndrome (BrS) is based on the presence of a type 1 electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern, either spontaneously or after a Sodium Channel Blocker Provocation Test (SCBPT). Several ECG criteria have been evaluated as predictors of a positive SCBPT, such as the β-angle, the α-angle, the duration of the base of the triangle at 5 mm from the r’-wave (DBT- 5 mm), the duration of the base of the triangle at the isoelectric line (DBT- iso), and the triangle base/height ratio. The aim of our study was to test all previously proposed ECG criteria in a large cohort study and to evaluate an r’-wave algorithm for predicting a BrS diagnosis after an SCBPT. We enrolled all patients who consecutively underwent SCBPT using flecainide from January 2010 to December 2015 in the test cohort and from January 2016 to December 2021 in the validation cohort. We included the ECG criteria with the best diagnostic accuracy in relation to the test cohort in the development of the r’-wave algorithm (β-angle, α-angle, DBT- 5 mm, and DBT- iso.) Of the total of 395 patients enrolled, 72.4% were male and the average age was 44.7 ± 13.5 years. Following the SCBPTs, 24.1% of patients (n = 95) were positive and 75.9% (n = 300) were negative. ROC analysis of the validation cohort showed that the AUC of the r’-wave algorithm (AUC: 0.92; CI 0.85–0.99) was significantly better than the AUC of the β-angle (AUC: 0.82; 95% CI 0.71–0.92), the α-angle (AUC: 0.77; 95% CI 0.66–0.90), the DBT- 5 mm (AUC: 0.75; 95% CI 0.64–0.87), the DBT- iso (AUC: 0.79; 95% CI 0.67–0.91), and the triangle base/height (AUC: 0.61; 95% CI 0.48–0.75) (p < 0.001), making it the best predictor of a BrS diagnosis after an SCBPT. The r’-wave algorithm with a cut-off value of ≥2 showed a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 83%. In our study, the r’-wave algorithm was proved to have the best diagnostic accuracy, compared with single electrocardiographic criteria, in predicting the diagnosis of BrS after provocative testing with flecainide.
Psychophysiological Parameters Predict the Performance of Naive Subjects in Sport Shooting Training
Authors: Badarin Artem , Antipov Vladimir , Grubov Vadim , Grigorev Nikita , Savosenkov Andrey , Udoratina Anna , Gordleeva Susanna , Kurkin Semen , Kazantsev Victor , Hramov Alexander
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigated the neural and behavioral mechanisms associated with precision visual-motor control during the learning of sport shooting. We developed an experimental paradigm adapted for naïve individuals and a multisensory experimental paradigm. We showed that in the proposed experimental paradigms, subjects trained well and significantly increased their accuracy. We also identified several psycho-physiological parameters that were associated with shooting outcomes, including EEG biomarkers. In particular, we observed an increase in head-averaged delta and right temporal alpha EEG power before missing shots, as well as a negative correlation between theta-band energies in the frontal and central brain regions and shooting success. Our findings suggest that the multimodal analysis approach has the potential to be highly informative in studying the complex processes involved in visual-motor control learning and may be useful for optimizing training processes.
A YOLOv6-Based Improved Fire Detection Approach for Smart City Environments
Authors: Norkobil Saydirasulovich Saydirasulov , Abdusalomov Akmalbek , Jamil Muhammad Kafeel , Nasimov Rashid , Kozhamzharova Dinara , Cho Young-Im
Published: March 2023

Authorities and policymakers in Korea have recently prioritized improving fire prevention and emergency response. Governments seek to enhance community safety for residents by constructing automated fire detection and identification systems. This study examined the efficacy of YOLOv6, a system for object identification running on an NVIDIA GPU platform, to identify fire-related items. Using metrics such as object identification speed, accuracy research, and time-sensitive real-world applications, we analyzed the influence of YOLOv6 on fire detection and identification efforts in Korea. We conducted trials using a fire dataset comprising 4000 photos collected through Google, YouTube, and other resources to evaluate the viability of YOLOv6 in fire recognition and detection tasks. According to the findings, YOLOv6’s object identification performance was 0.98, with a typical recall of 0.96 and a precision of 0.83. The system achieved an MAE of 0.302%. These findings suggest that YOLOv6 is an effective technique for detecting and identifying fire-related items in photos in Korea. Multi-class object recognition using random forests, k-nearest neighbors, support vector, logistic regression, naive Bayes, and XGBoost was performed on the SFSC data to evaluate the system’s capacity to identify fire-related objects. The results demonstrate that for fire-related objects, XGBoost achieved the highest object identification accuracy, with values of 0.717 and 0.767. This was followed by random forest, with values of 0.468 and 0.510. Finally, we tested YOLOv6 in a simulated fire evacuation scenario to gauge its practicality in emergencies. The results show that YOLOv6 can accurately identify fire-related items in real time within a response time of 0.66 s. Therefore, YOLOv6 is a viable option for fire detection and recognition in Korea. The XGBoost classifier provides the highest accuracy when attempting to identify objects, achieving remarkable results. Furthermore, the system accurately identifies fire-related objects while they are being detected in real-time. This makes YOLOv6 an effective tool to use in fire detection and identification initiatives.
IoT Smart Flooring Supporting Active and Healthy Lifestyles
Authors: Cocconcelli Federico , Matrella Guido , Mora Niccolò , Casu Ion , Vargas Godoy David Alejandro , Ciampolini Paolo
Published: March 2023

The lack of physical exercise is among the most relevant factors in developing health issues, and strategies to incentivize active lifestyles are key to preventing these issues. The PLEINAIR project developed a framework for creating outdoor park equipment, exploiting the IoT paradigm to build “Outdoor Smart Objects” (OSO) for making physical activity more appealing and rewarding to a broad range of users, regardless of their age and fitness. This paper presents the design and implementation of a prominent demonstrator of the OSO concept, consisting of a smart, sensitive flooring, based on anti-trauma floors commonly found in kids playgrounds. The floor is equipped with pressure sensors (piezoresistors) and visual feedback (LED-strips), to offer an enhanced, interactive and personalized user experience. OSOs exploit distributed intelligence and are connected to the Cloud infrastructure by using a MQTT protocol; apps have then been developed for interacting with the PLEINAIR system. Although simple in its general concept, several challenges must be faced, related to the application range (which called for high pressure sensitivity) and the scalability of the approach (requiring to implement a hierarchical system architecture). Some prototypes were fabricated and tested in a public environment, providing positive feedback to both the technical design and the concept validation.
Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry Based on Multilayer Perceptron
Authors: Yin Guolu , Zhu Zhaohao , Liu Min , Wang Yu , Liu Kaijun , Yu Kuanglu , Zhu Tao
Published: March 2023

We proposed an optical frequency domain reflectometry based on a multilayer perceptron. A classification multilayer perceptron was applied to train and grasp the fingerprint features of Rayleigh scattering spectrum in the optical fiber. The training set was constructed by moving the reference spectrum and adding the supplementary spectrum. Strain measurement was employed to verify the feasibility of the method. Compared with the traditional cross-correlation algorithm, the multilayer perceptron achieves a larger measurement range, better measurement accuracy, and is less time-consuming. To our knowledge, this is the first time that machine learning has been introduced into an optical frequency domain reflectometry system. Such thoughts and results would bring new knowledge and optimization to the optical frequency domain reflectometer system.
A Bibliometric Review of the Evolution of Blockchain Technologies
Authors: López-Sorribes Sergi , Rius-Torrentó Josep , Solsona-Tehàs Francesc
Published: March 2023

Bitcoin was created in 2008 as the first decentralized cryptocurrency, providing an innovative data management technology, which was later named blockchain. It ensured data validation without intervention from intermediaries. During its early stages, it was conceived as a financial technology by most researchers. It was not until 2015, when the Ethereum cryptocurrency was officially launched worldwide, along with its revolutionary technology called smart contracts, that researchers began to change their perception of the technology and look for uses outside the financial world. This paper analyzes the literature since 2016, one year after Ethereum, analyzing the evolution of interest in the technology to date. For this purpose, a total of 56,864 documents created between 2016 and 2022 from four major publishers were analyzed, providing answers to the following questions. Q1: How has interest in blockchain technology increased? Q2: What have been the major blockchain research interests? Q3: What have been the most outstanding works of the scientific community? The paper clearly exposes the evolution of blockchain technology, making it clear that, as the years go by, it is becoming a complementary technology instead of the main focus of studies. Finally, we highlight the most popular and recurrent topics discussed in the literature over the analyzed period of time.
Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM Systems
Authors: Peng Gang , Li Rui , He Yushu , Han Zhiren
Published: March 2023

Since orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are very susceptible to symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO), which cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI), accurate STO and CFO estimations are very important. In this study, first, a new preamble structure based on the Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequences was designed. On this basis, we proposed a new timing synchronization algorithm, called the continuous correlation peak detection (CCPD) algorithm, and its improved algorithm: the accumulated correlation peak detection (ACPD) algorithm. Next, the correlation peaks that were obtained during the timing synchronization were used for the frequency offset estimation. For this, the quadratic interpolation algorithm was adopted as the frequency offset estimation algorithm, which was better than the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The simulation results showed that when the correct timing probability reached 100%, under the parameters of m = 8 and N = 512, the performance of the CCPD algorithm was 4 dB higher than that of Du’s algorithm, and that of the ACPD algorithm was 7 dB. Under the same parameters, the quadratic interpolation algorithm also had a great performance improvement in both small and large frequency offsets, when compared with the FFT algorithm.
Analytic Error Function and Numeric Inverse Obtained by Geometric Means
Authors: Martila Dmitri , Groote Stefan
Published: March 2023

Using geometric considerations, we provided a clear derivation of the integral representation for the error function, known as the Craig formula. We calculated the corresponding power series expansion and proved the convergence. The same geometric means finally assisted in systematically deriving useful formulas that approximated the inverse error function. Our approach could be used for applications in high-speed Monte Carlo simulations, where this function is used extensively.
Using Deep-Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence Technique to Automatically Evaluate the Collateral Status of Multiphase CTA in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Huang Chun-Chao , Chiang Hsin-Fan , Hsieh Cheng-Chih , Chou Chao-Liang , Jhou Zong-Yi , Hou Ting-Yi , Shaw Jin-Siang
Published: March 2023

Background: Collateral status is an important predictor for the outcome of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. Multiphase computed-tomography angiography (mCTA) is useful to evaluate the collateral status, but visual evaluation of this examination is time-consuming. This study aims to use an artificial intelligence (AI) technique to develop an automatic AI prediction model for the collateral status of mCTA. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled subjects with acute ischemic stroke receiving endovascular thrombectomy between January 2015 and June 2020 in a tertiary referral hospital. The demographic data and images of mCTA were collected. The collateral status of all mCTA was visually evaluated. Images at the basal ganglion and supraganglion levels of mCTA were selected to produce AI models using the convolutional neural network (CNN) technique to automatically predict the collateral status of mCTA. Results: A total of 82 subjects were enrolled. There were 57 cases randomly selected for the training group and 25 cases for the validation group. In the training group, there were 40 cases with a positive collateral result (good or intermediate) and 17 cases with a negative collateral result (poor). In the validation group, there were 21 cases with a positive collateral result and 4 cases with a negative collateral result. During training for the CNN prediction model, the accuracy of the training group could reach 0.999 ± 0.015, whereas the prediction model had a performance of 0.746 ± 0.008 accuracy on the validation group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.7. Conclusions: This study suggests that the application of the AI model derived from mCTA images to automatically evaluate the collateral status is feasible.
Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Diamide Insecticides on Key Non-Target Natural Predators, the Larvae of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Cong Yunbo , Chen Jixiang , Xie Yinping , Wang Yingxiu , Cheng Chunsheng
Published: March 2023

Coccinella septempunctata (ladybird) is an extremely important natural predator that feeds on aphids. An assessment of the toxicity of pesticides on environmental organisms is an essential component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. This study evaluated diamide insecticides’ toxicity at lethal and 30% lethal doses (LR30) against C. septempunctata larvae. The pre-imaginal median lethal doses (LR50) of chlorantraniliprole 10% SC, tetrachlorantraniliprole 10% SC, and broflanilide 10% SC were calculated to be 42.078, 289.516, and 0.0943 g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha, respectively. The mortality tests demonstrated that chlorantraniliprole and tetrachlorantraniliprole are comparatively less toxic to C. septempunctata than broflanilide, which were detected to be highly toxic to C. septempunctata. The mortality rates of the groups treated with the three diamide insecticides tended to stabilize after 96 h, extending to the pre-imaginal stage. Furthermore, when compared to broflanilide, which had a much higher potential risk, the hazard quotient (HQ) values indicated that chlorantraniliprole and tetrachlorantraniliprole have a lower risk potential for C. septempunctata in farmland and off farmland. The LR30 dose induces abnormalities in the development phase 4th-instar larvae weight, pupal weight, and adult weight of treated C. septempunctata. The study emphasizes the importance of assessing the adverse effects of diamide insecticides on natural predator species that serve as biological control agents in agricultural IPM strategies.
Percentage of U.S. Adults Suffering from Religious Trauma: A Sociological Study
Authors: Slade Darren M. , Smell Adrianna , Wilson Elizabeth , Drumsta Rebekah
Published: March 2023

This sociological study aimed to ascertain the percentage of adults living in the United States who have experienced religious trauma (RT) and what percentage presently suffer from RT symptoms now. After compiling data from 1,581 adults living in the United States, this study concludes it is likely that around one-third (27‒33%) of U.S. adults (conservatively) have experienced religious trauma at some point in their life. That number increases to 37% if those suffering from any three of the six major RT symptoms are included. It is also likely that around 10‒15% of U.S. adults currently suffer from religious trauma if only the most conservative numbers are highlighted. Nonetheless, since 37% of the respondents personally know people who potentially suffer from RT, and 90% of those respondents know between one and ten people who likely suffer from RT, then it could be argued that as many as one-in-five (20%) U.S. adults presently suffer from major religious trauma symptoms.
Les transformations des villages gascons à la fin du Moyen Âge (1250-1550). Apports de l’inventaire du patrimoine bâti
Authors: Comet Anaïs
Published: March 2023

This article presents the main results of a thesis covering the morphological and architectural transformations of market towns and villages in the Gers area of Gascony between the middle of the 13th century and the middle of the 16th century. Its aim was to determine whether the “ crises” of the late Middle Ages led to a halt in the development of these small settlements that were intermediate points between towns and the countryside and which made up the living environment of the majority of the population in Gascony during this period. The implementation of the principles and methods of the general inventory of cultural heritage has made it possible to offset, in most cases, the weaknesses of sometimes incomplete written documentation and the virtual absence of archaeological data.
Pourtour et quartiers périphériques : forts villageois et transformations tardives des villages en Basse-Auvergne (XIIIe-XVIe siècles). Sur les pas de Gabriel Fournier
Authors: Grélois Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Les monographies publiées par Gabriel Fournier sur les villages fortifiés d’Auvergne (2009-2016) permettent une étude systématique des transformations topographiques et sociales des villages à la fin du Moyen Âge, notamment sous l’angle de leurs structures défensives et de leur périphérie. Si la majorité des enceintes remonte à la guerre de Cent Ans, d’autres sont antérieures ou postérieures et les solutions adoptées pour mettre en défense les populations varient selon les situations institutionnelles, topographiques ou financières : enceintes, forts, aménagement de réduits ou de manoirs fortifiés. Pour autant, les villages ouverts en partie ou en totalité demeurent nombreux, même après 1450. Quelques villages choisis comme témoins viennent nuancer la vision d’un village archétypal, unitaire, groupé, blotti dans son enceinte : de fait, nombre de localités multipolaires à l’origine le restent et rares sont les enceintes de réunion, le fort, de moindres dimensions, étant plus fréquent. Les périphéries des villages en sont un indice probant : les habitats y sont soit détruits, soit conservés, englobés ou non dans une enceinte, tandis que selon les cas l’enceinte inclut en totalité ou en partie, mais parfois exclut les lotissements réguliers implantés au XIIIe siècle, souvent inachevés, parfois seulement dessinés et jamais réalisés.
Les vies multiples d’un village de la plaine de Caen : le hamel de Trainecourt en son « terrouer » à Grentheville (Calvados)
Authors: Casset Marie , Hanusse Claire , Rego Diane
Published: March 2023

The land on the edge of the municipalities of Grentheville, Mondeville and Cormelles-le-Royal, very near to Caen, has benefited from approximately forty years of many archaeological digs. The remaining vestiges pay witness to long-term dynamics, both before and after the Middle Ages. One of the salient features is the emergence, from the late 12th century / early 13th century, of a structured habitat along the former thoroughfare. This hamlet, in which an elite ensemble was set up in the early 14th century, took over from a village of the early Middle Ages, boasting a church and cemetery, several hundred metres to the north (on the site of Mondeville-Saint-Martin). A collective research project proposes to collate all the data for this site, excavated between 1977 and 1994 by C. Lorren and then M.-C. Taupin. In this paper, we will present the initial results of this survey, for the long-term, via archaeological, textual and cartographical data, dealt with at several levels.
Brancion, castrum, village et château : une relecture de l’évolution du site (VIe-XVIIe siècle) à la lumière des données archéologiques récentes (commune de Martailly-lès-Brancion, Saône-et-Loire)
Authors: Saint Jean Vitus Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Citada como castrum en 965, Brancion se sitúa en un «espolón cerrado » dominado por las ruinas de un castillo señorial, luego ducal y real, cerca de una ruta este-oeste desde el río Saône hasta el Loira. La arqueología permite trazar su evolución entre, por una parte, el polo del cementerio y la iglesia, ocupado por un edificio en el siglo VI y luego por una necrópolis del siglo VII y, por otra, el del castillo, donde se estableció una residencia de élite a finales del siglo IX. Comenzada quizás ya en el siglo X, la muralla común se completó en el siglo XII ; el interior está recorrido por caminos, y en el siglo XII se construyó un hábitat intermedio noble a los pies del castillo. Alrededor del año 1300, la reestructuración del castillo, que se convirtió en un ducal, fue acompañada de su más clara separación de lo que hoy llamamos la «ciudad » , donde se desarrollaron construcciones y una red de caminos en los siglos XIV y XV. Las Guerras de Religión pusieron fin a esta dinámica, conduciendo a una primera reducción del tamaño del pueblo : este es el estado reflejado en el catastro de 1833.
Appréhender le village en Alsace au Moyen Âge et au début de l’époque moderne (XIIIe-XVIe siècle) : l’apport croisé des données archéologiques, historiques et cartographiques
Authors: Dottori Boris
Published: March 2023

L’étude de la topographie et de la morphologie du village du second Moyen Âge en Alsace est un domaine de recherche encore peu développé. La raison en est principalement le caractère très lacunaire des données disponibles, tant historiques qu’archéologiques et architecturales. La présente contribution se propose d’exposer, à travers des études de cas, les méthodes pouvant être mises en oeuvre pour appréhender la topographie du village de cette période, en montrant en quoi le croisement des données historiques, archéologiques, architecturales et cartographiques est fondamental pour cet exercice.
Autour de quelques villages du Roussillon : le cadastre et les textes à l’épreuve de l’archéologie
Authors: Passarrius Olivier , Catafau Aymat , Bénézet Jérôme , Carozza Jean-Michel , Illes Pauline , Lambert Sylvain
Published: March 2023

Entre 2010 y 2015 se realizaron varias excavaciones arqueológicas programadas en el corazón de algunos pueblos del Roseelón. Estas operaciones formaban parte de un proyecto de investigación colectiva titulado «Aldeas de ayer, aldeas de hoy » , que tenía por objetivo determinar la influencia de la planificación urbana, la historia y los acontecimientos sociales y religiosos en la forma y estructura actuales de los pueblos. Los resultados que aquí se presentan, fruto de tres excavaciones arqueológicas, aportan nuevos datos sobre la génesis de la forma del pueblo definidas por las fortificaciones de los siglos XII-XIII y son el fruto de un diálogo constante y crítico entre historiador, arqueólogo y geomorfólogo. También destacan el papel de las condiciones ambientales, específicas de la llanura aluvial, en la transformación de la topografía de las aldeas.
Confrontation des sources et topographie villageoise au Moyen Âge. Les transformations de deux villages foréziens : Saint-Héand et Bussy-Albieux (Loire)
Authors: Delomier Chantal
Published: March 2023

Saint-Héand, bourg de montagne et Bussy-Albieux, village de plaine, illustrent le thème de la mutation de la trame villageoise dans le Forez médiéval. Le premier est aujourd’hui un bourg à la périphérie très peuplée, tandis que le second est resté rural. Les résultats aident à comprendre comment l’archéologie du bâti (à Saint-Héand) et les prospections pédestres (à Bussy-Albieux) éclairent la morphogenèse et l’évolution de ces deux sites. À Saint-Héand, il subsiste le négatif du donjon, l’aula comtale, ainsi que certains murs du réduit castral. L’église médiévale a été détruite et un nouvel édifice est installé hors les murs. Rien de tout cela à Bussy-Albieux, où seuls la motte, les tracés des cadastres, la chapelle cimétériale attestent d’une occupation médiévale. La disparition du site s’accompagne d’une rotation à 180 ° du centrebourg sur lui-même, comme en témoigne l’église du XIXe, désormais occidentée.
Les chats ratiers du neveu de Pasteur, Adrien Loir - Une expérience oubliée dans la lutte contre les rats
Authors: Rosolen Serge-Georges
Published: March 2023

La lutte contre la prolifération des rats est toujours une préoccupation de santé publique. Entre les deux guerres mondiales Adrien Loir, neveu de Pasteur, a utilisé avec succès des chats ratiers pour se débarrasser des rats de la ville et du port du Havre. Après avoir fait l’objet de nombreux articles dans la presse des années 1930, ce mode de lutte offensif contre les rats a été mystérieusement oublié. Tout comme les mérites d’Adrien Loir qui a été un collaborateur actif de son oncle et qui a participé à l’épopée pasteurienne. En cette année de commémoration du bicentenaire de la naissance de Louis Pasteur, il est important de lui rendre hommage ainsi qu’à ses chats. Mots-Clés : Adrien Loir, Pasteur, chats ratiers, lutte contre les rats
Est-ce que les parasites des animaux sont nuisibles pour leurs hôtes ?
Authors: Gharbi Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Les parasites sont présents sur tous les continents, chez toutes les espèces animales et végétales. L’être humain a l’impression que les parasites sont totalement nuisibles pour lui et les espèces végétales et animales qui l’entourent. Cette perception est totalement biaisée car elle se base sur une vision anthropocentriste et, par anthropomorphisme, une projection sur le corps de l’être humain de ce qu’il voit chez les animaux. Les parasites ont plusieurs rôles bénéfiques à jouer : (i) Les parasites régulent les biomasses des populations animales. (ii) Les animaux malades ou morts suite à une parasitose offrent d’importantes ressources alimentaires pour les prédateurs, les charognards et les décomposeurs. (iii) Les parasites modulent le fonctionnement du système immunitaire de leurs hôtes. (iv) Les parasites concourent à la sélection naturelle. (v) Les parasites concourent à la sélection du partenaire lors de l’accouplement. (vi) Paradoxalement, la présence de parasites protège contre l’apparition de parasitoses. (vii) Les helminthes digestifs concentrent les polluants. Mots-Clés : Parasite, être humain, animal, bénéfice, écosystème
Quelques conditions pour une coévaluation dynamisante des compétences. L’exemple de l’illettrisme
Authors: Besse Jean-Marie
Published: March 2023

Les personnes dites en situation d’illettrisme ont intériorisé une impuissance qui renforce leur distance au monde de l’écrit. L’enquête Information et vie quotidienne (IVQ), conduite en 2002 par l’INSEE, a permis de mettre en évidence une dissociation entre les compétences en compréhension de l’oral et les compétences à l’écrit. Elle confirme que l’illettrisme serait une difficulté spécifique dans le traitement de l’écrit qui nécessite de mettre en œuvre des formations qui ne reproduisent pas les mécanismes de résistance provoqués par l’échec, mais qui incluent la personne dans son apprentissage.
La conversion d’Isaac de La Peyrère (1657) d’après la correspondance du P. François Duneau S. J., agent secret de Mazarin à Rome
Authors: Loskoutoff Yvan
Published: March 2023

Isaac de La Peyrère, protégé du prince de Condé et auteur des Préadamites (1655) où il développait la thèse d’une humanité antérieure à Adam, fut arrêté par l’autorité ecclésiastique à Bruxelles en 1656 et ne fut libéré que sous condition d’aller se convertir à Rome, ce qu’il fit l’année suivante. Le présent article révèle le rôle joué dans cette affaire par le jésuite François Duneau, agent secret de Mazarin dans la Ville éternelle, dont plus de trois cents dépêches sont conservées aux Archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères. Le jésuite, qui se contente d’abord d’informer des faits et gestes du néophyte, entre bientôt en action, intervenant dans l’abjuration comme dans la publication qui s’ensuivit, la Lettre à Philotime. Il élabore ensuite le plan d’une conversion politique assortie d’arrangements financiers où La Peyrère quitterait Condé pour Mazarin. Mais le plan échoue en raison des réticences de ce dernier.
Le dernier des Godefroy et les archives de la chambre des Comptes de Lille
Authors: Fossier François
Published: March 2023

Denis-Joseph Godefroy, dernier savant d‘ une lignée remontant au XVIIe siècle qui avait la garde des archives de la chambre des Comptes de Lille, fut associé aux travaux diplomatiques qui marquèrent la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Sans faire partie du Comité des chartes dirigé par Jacob-Nicolas Moreau et Louis-Georges de Bréquigny, il entretint une abondante correspondance avec eux, conservée dans le fonds Moreau de la B. n. F. Les difficultés qu’il rapporte en détail furent sans doute rencontrées dans d’autres provinces par d’autres «archivistes du Roi » qui n’en ont pas laissé de témoignage. Sa correspondance est donc très précieuse pour connaître les conditions de travail d’un diplomatiste à cette époque.
L’aventure typographique des caractères indiens en France
Authors: Petit Jérôme
Published: March 2023

Après avoir précisé le vocabulaire technique de l’imprimerie (poinçon, matrice, caractère) et rappelé brièvement l’histoire des premières impressions en caractères indiens, des essais des jésuites de Goa au XVIe siècle à l’action de Charles Wilkins à Calcutta à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, cet article évoque la création et l’utilisation des caractères indiens en France, particulièrement pour les textes en langue sanskrite. En s’appuyant sur les sources primaires et sur la production éditoriale de la première moitié du XIXe siècle en Europe, il est possible de dessiner un tableau composé de graveurs, de savants, d’administrateurs et de typographes qui ont tous contribué à résoudre cette question technique absolument cruciale pour l’émergence et la propagation des études indiennes.
Gabriel de Chinon, missionnaire dans l’Empire safavide (1647-1668)
Authors: Mahé Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2023

Quittant la France pour le Proche-Orient, puis la Perse safavide, à la fin du règne de Louis XIII, le Capucin Gabriel de Chinon meurt à Érévan en 1668. Ses Relations nouvelles du Levant paraissent à Lyon en 1671, dans un texte révisé par le savant Abbé Moréri, au service de Monseigneur François de Piquet. On y chercherait en vain des précisions biographiques sur l’auteur, qui s’interdit toute valorisation de ses activités personnelles. Le peu qu’on sache de lui se trouve dans les archives de son ordre. Son ouvrage se présente comme un traité de science missionnaire analysant les trois strates religieuses de l’Empire safavide : l’islam shî’ite, les christianismes orientaux (arménien et syriaque), et les «Gaures » zoroastreiens. Maîtrisant l’arabe, l’arménien, le turc et le persan au point de pouvoir mener des débats publics dans chacune de ces langues, Gabriel a produit des notices précises, pénétrantes et fort bien informées. Il est un des premiers Occidentaux à comprendre l’originalité de l’islam shî’ite, à décrire la famille patriarcale arménienne et les particularités de la chris- tologie et des rites arméniens, à exposer exactement les dogmes, les mythes et les pratiques des zoroastriens de son époque à Kerman et à Ispahan. Sur ce dernier point, il a été plagié par Tavernier. Sa vision politique de la Perse safavide et son analyse des impasses du dialogue islamo-chrétien demeurent fondamentales.
Mortality Burden and Life-Years Lost Across the Age Spectrum for Adults Living with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kula Alexander J , Prince David K. , Katz Ronit , Bansal Nisha
Published: March 2023

Background:

Younger individuals living with CKD face a lifetime at risk for complications and mortality. Limited data exists to inform individual patients with CKD across the lifespan how their risk for mortality compares with equivalently aged individuals without CKD, particularly at younger ages. The objective of this study is to provide age specific contexts to the risk of mortality associated with a diagnosis of CKD.

Methods:

We created a pooled study cohort using participants with CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort along with participants aged 21-75 years included in the 1999-2008 NHANES surveys. Age-stratified mortality rates, along with unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were generated to compare differences between those with and without CKD. Mean life-years-lost (LYL) relating to CKD were calculated using CDC life tables.

Results:

A total of 16,725 participants were included. Mortality rates were higher in those with CKD at all ages. The adjusted age stratified hazard ratio (HR) for mortality in those with CKD versus without was highest in the 21-35yr strata (HR [95% CI]: 4.9 [2.8, 8.]) )and lowest in the 65-75yr strata (HR [95% CI]: 2.0 [1.7, 2.3]). Mean LYL secondary to CKD was inversely related with increasing age.

Conclusions:

Compared to age-matched peers without CKD, the age-stratified risk for mortality and LYL associated with a diagnosis of CKD is highest in younger individuals. Further research is needed to elucidate the societal and personal costs of premature mortality associated with CKD in young adults.
Southeast Asia's Cyber Security Strategy: Multilateralism or Self-help
Authors: Prawiyogi Anggy Giri , Alwiyah
Published: March 2023

In terms of security research, cyber security is fundamentally a recent problem. When all facets of political, military, economic, social, and cultural life are connected to cyberspace, this problem occurs. Cyberterrorism, cybercrime, and cyberwar are all potential concerns in cyberspace. This threat cannot be separated from Southeast Asia, one of the main regions in the globe with a strong rate of economic expansion. This study aims to analyze the best approach for preserving cyber security in Southeast Asia. Neoliberalism and neorealism are common to mainstream methodologies scholars utilize to address the study subject. Simply put, ASEAN nations must advance their technology capacities while not underestimating the value of international cooperation.
LEADERSHIP IN TIMES OF CRISIS
Authors: Dimitrovska Marija , Pushova Stamenkova Liljana , Stošić Lazar
Published: March 2023

Leadership encircles the capability of an individual, group or organization to guide others (individuals, teams, or whole organizations). True leadership requires a personality that attracts other people, constant development of relationships with team members, possessing professional and practical knowledge and skills, experience, self-confidence, intuition and empathy. Strong leaders continuously empower other people, because they believe in their team members. Leadership skills are continuosly learned and improved not only during professional development, but throughout person’s life. Crises are inevitable events, that occur sooner or later in all the organizations. They can be triggered by different internal or external factors. Each crisis is specific and unique and requires different approaches for finding solutions. When a crisis occurs, ignoring or avoiding it, is one of the biggest mistakes for the organization. It should be accepted, resolved and used to initiate change, which is necessary for organzations’ survival and further development and growth. Having an organized, planned and structured approach to crisis management can help in damage reduction, restraing the company losses and discover inventive mechanisms to maintain the workforce’s productivity. Crisis leadership is a process that resolves the unforseeable events that happen unexpectedly and have the ability to diminish the organizational structure, to cease growth and development and lead to catastrophic outcomes. Whether the crisis will be successfully resolved, depends on how the leadership will deal with the situation. A positive approach to crisis is to accept it as an opportunity, to take responsibility, manifest confidence and implement changes which will streghtehen the organization and empower the employess to perform better and become stonger people in future. If leaders are bold and act, if they are decisive and willing to adapt their decision to the occurring conditions, they are going to have more success in resolving the crisis, compared to leaders that choose to wait and not take any action. Leadership is a vital process at all times, but when a crisis strikes, a strong leader has cardinal importance for the organization.