bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Dichlorobis(isonitril)-platin(II)-Verbindungen mit Kolumnarstruktur / Chemical and Physical Properties of Dichloro-bis (isocyanide)-platinum (II) Co-ordination Compounds with Columnar Structure
Authors: Keller Heimo J. , Lorentz Rolf , Rupp Herbert H. , Weiss Johannes
Published: February 2015

Dichloro-bis (isocyanide) -platium (II) co-ordination compounds with arylisocyanides exist in two different modifications. One of them has a columnar structure consisting of “pancaked” cis-PtCl2(CNR)2 molecules. Optical criteria classify some of these compounds as onedimensional metals.
Kinetic Study of the Reaction between Ammonia and Chlorine
Authors: Gupta P. , Grover K. C. , Mehta R. K.
Published: February 2015

Kinetic studies of the reaction between Ammonia and Chlorine were carried out and it was found to be of second order. The reaction was studied at 20 ± 0.1°C and below pH value of 5. Above this pH the reaction being very fast could not be measured. The ΔΕ (energy of activation) and AS (entropy of activation) values of this reaction were found to be 32.66 Kcal/mole and 10.23 cal/deg.mole respectively. The reactive species appears to be hypochlorite in this reaction.
Ein Beitrag zum Mechanismus der Entstehung von Cyclobutadien-Metall-Komplexen aus 3.4-Dihalogencyclobutenen
Authors: Brune H. A. , Wolff H. P. , Klein W. , Zahorszky U.-I.
Published: February 2015

The reaction between diironenneacarbonyl and three with respect to the positions of the methyl groups isomeric trans-3,4-dichloro-dimethyl-cyclobut-1-enes is studied. Two of these isomers yield the expected 1,2-dimethyl-cyclobutadiene-irontricarbonyl; from the reaction of the third isomer a new iron-organic compound is obtained, the structure of which is determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
Das Erkennen von Zersetzungen aus Gas-Chromatogrammen. Gas-chromatographische Untersuchung der thermischen Fragmentierung von Acylmalonsäurediäthylestern / Gas Chromatographic Investigation of the Thermal Cleavage of Diethyl Acylmalonate. The Recognition of Decompositions Occuring during Gas Chromatography
Authors: Binder Heinrich , Groke Karl
Published: February 2015

Diethyl acylmalonates are decomposed during gas chromatographic analysis in the metallic injection port and metallic column. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the volatile fragments demonstrates different modes of cleavage. These fragments can be identified as: ethene, carbon dioxide, a methyl ketone, a β-keto acid ethyl ester, ethanol, diethyl malonate and a monocarboxylic ethyl ester.
Beziehungen zwischen Rotationsisomerie, Wasserstoffbrücken-Bindung und Substituenteneffekten der organischen Chemie / Relations between Rotational Isomerism, Hydrogen Bonding, and Substituent Effects in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Krause Gotthard H. , Hoyer Herbert
Published: February 2015

The change of free enthalpy involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding is smaller if the proton acceptor group can rotate round a single bond, as compared to proton acceptor groups which are fixed in a position optimal for hydrogen bonding. Also, the free enthalpy change is altered when the rotation of the proton acceptor is sterically restricted. This is demonstrated by comparing the absorptions of carbonyl stretching vibrations in the infrared spectra of certain compounds showing rotational isomerism. In the present study derivatives of 5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-carbomethoxychromanone- (4), 3-nitrosalicylaldehyde and 3-nitro-2-hydroxy-acetophenones substituted in the position 5 and 6 are examined.
Über die Reaktion von Vanillin mit phenolischen Verbindungen / Concerning the Reaction of Vanillin with Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Hagemann H. , Imkampe K.
Published: February 2015

Electron densities at the nucleus of several simple phenols and plant phenols such as catechin and quercetin are calculated by the HMO-method.

We found a correlation between the maximum of the electron density at the nucleus and the extinction value of the reaction product with vanillin. With the exception of quercetin an explanation is given by the HMO-calculation. Investigations into the structure of the reaction products have been carried out.
Experimentelle Hinweise auf intramolekulare Energieleitung in der hybriden DNA von Bacillus subtilis nach Bestrahlung mit langwelligem UV-Licht / Experimental Evidence for Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Hybrid DNA of B. subtilis after Irradiation with Long Wavelength UV
Authors: Köhnlein W. , Mönkehaus F.
Published: February 2015

Investigations on hybrid DNA of B. subtilis after irradiation with long wavelength UV (313 nm) indicate that single strand breaks are produced in the T-strand. These lesions are not observed in normal DNA. Since the action of diffusible photoproducts could be excluded the occurrence of single strand breaks in the T-strand may be due to intramolecular energy transfer. Measuring the breakage rates for the T- and B-strand by employing analytical ultracentrifugation it was found that up to 5% of the energy absorbed in the B-strand can be transferred to the T-strand and causes there single strand breaks. The breakage rates per erg-mm- 2 for single strand breaks after long wavelength UV are determined to be aT = 0.5 · 10-4 and aB = 10 · 10-4 breaks/106 Dalton for the T- and B-strand of hybrid DNA respectively.
Zur Kristallstruktur von Ba3(CrO4)2 / On the Crystal Structure of Ba3 (CrO4) 2
Authors: Mattausch Hj. , Müller-Buschbaum Hk.
Published: February 2015

For the first time single crystals of Ba3 (CrO4)2 have been examined by X-ray diffraction. The already well known isotypy with Ba3 (PO4)2 has been completed by exact parameters. There are isolated tetrahedrons of O2- surrounding Cr5+ and octahedrons surrounding BaI. The complicated coordination of BaII is discussed.
Zur Reaktion zwischen Bortrifluorid und tertiären Phosphiten / The Reaction between Boron Trifluoride and Tertiary Phosphites
Authors: Binder Herbert , Fischer Rudi
Published: February 2015

BF3 reacts at 0° with tertiary phosphites, P(OR)3, stepwise to give mono- and difluorophosphites, FP(OR)s and F2P(OR), by ligand exchange. A new method for the preparation of monoand difluorophosphites is described. 31P and 11B N.M.R. spectra are reported.
Vier- und fünfgliedrige Phosphorheterocyclen, V
Authors: Schmidpeter Alfred , Zeiss Werner , Eckert Helmut
Published: February 2015

P,P-Dimethyl-C-alkoxy-methylenamino-phosphines 7 react with electrophilic olefines 8 such as acrylic, crotonic, cinnamic acid derivatives and α,β-unsaturated ketones in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and immediate elimination of alcohol to give the title compounds 10. 1H- and 31P-NMR data prove their structure and show the electronic interaction of the P=N and C=C ring fragments. Contrasting to pyrrole, where the cyclic π-system stabilises the enamine form, the prototropic equilibrium of its phospha analogues 10 is completely on the side of the imine form.
The Kinetics of the Oxidation of Acetaldehyde by Acid Permanganate
Authors: Banerji K. K.
Published: February 2015

The kinetics of the oxidation of aceltaldehyde by acid permanganate has been studied. The reaction is of first order with respect to the aldehyde, the oxidant and hydrogen ion individually. The oxidation does not induce polymerisation of acrylonitrile and show a kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD= 6.1). The activation parameters for the oxidation and enolisation reactions have been evaluated. The rate of enolisation, under similar conditions, is less than that of oxidation. A mechanism involving the transfer of a hydride ion from the aldehyde hydrate to the oxidant has been suggested.
The Structure of Lipids and Proteins Studied by Attenuated Total-Reflection (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Fringeli U. P. , Müldner H. G. , Günthard Hs. H. , Gasche W. , Leuzinger W.
Published: February 2015

The structure of tripalmitin multilayers prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique has been investigated within room temperature and 62°C using infrared internal reflection spectroscopy (ATR). It was found that the bilayer structure exhibits crystalline features with pseudo hexagonal structure. The methylene groups of the hydrocarbon chains are in the all-trans-zig-zag conformation, oriented perpendicularly to the germanium internal reflection plate. Increasing temperature produces at first a continuous conformational change in the glycerol part of the molecule. This process is extended over nearly 10° and followed by sudden melting (disordering) of the hydrocarbon chains within 1°.

In comparison microcrystalline tripalmitin shows an identical infrared spectrum and analogous behaviour at increased temperatures. This indicates that the bilayer structure (head-head, tail-tail) also exicts in the crystal.
4-Desoxyevonin, ein neues Alkaloid aus Evonymus europaea L. / 4-Desoxyevonine, a New Alcaloid from Evonymus europaea L.
Authors: Budzikiewicz H. , Römer A. , Taraz K.
Published: February 2015

From the seeds of Evonymus europaea L. have been isolated evonine, neo-evonine and a new alkaloid whose structure was determined to be 4-desoxyevonine.
Biosynthesis of Furocoumarins: Further Studies on Ruta graveolens
Authors: Dall’Acqua F. , Capozzi A. , Marciani S. , Caporale G.
Published: February 2015

The Authors have studied the biosynthesis of some furocoumarins contained in Ruta graveolens. Labeled 5,7- and 7,8-dihydroxycoumarins have been administered to the herb, however practically no incorporation of radioactivity was observed in the isolated furocoumarins. Moreover, with the aim to study in a more detailed way the role of rutaretin and marmesin, trapping experiments have been performed administering to the herb labeled umbelliferone together with unlabeled rutaretin and marmesin respectively. A very effective incorporation was observed into marmesin, in lesser extent into rutaretin.

In trapping experiments carried out using labeled rutaretin together with unlabeled marmesin and “vice versa”, the results obtained clearly show that while marmesin was converted into rutaretin in a very effective way, rutaretin was transformed into marmesin only in a smaller extent.

The Authors suggest the biogenetic origin of rutaretin and moreover formulate a new and more detailed aspect of the scheme for the biosynthetic pathway of furocoumarins in Ruta graveolens.
Effect of Thio- and Hydrazino-derivatives of Uracil, 6-Azauracil and 6-Azathymine on the Growth of Some Microorganisms in Vitro
Authors: Spassov Alexander , Golovinsky Evgeny , Spassovska Nadejda , Maneva Liliana
Published: February 2015

The antibacterial activity of 2-thiouracil, 2-methylthiouracil, 2-hydrazinouracil, 2,4-dithiouracil, 2-thio-4-hydrazinouracil, 2-thio-6-azathymine, 2-hydrazino-6-azathymine, 2,4-dithio-6-azathymine, 2-thio-4-hydrazino-6-azathymine, 2,4-dimethylthio-6-azathymine, 2-methylthio-4-hydrazino-6-azathymine, 4-thio-6-azauracil and 4-hydrazino-6-azauracil has been studied on the growth of: Staphylococcus aureus 209, Streptococcus faecalis 775, Escherichiia coli 387, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida tropicalis and Neurospora crassa 9863.

The highest inhibitory effect was observed with 4-hydrazino-derivatives of 2-thiouracil, 6-azauracil and 2-thio-6-azathymine.
Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopische Untersuchungen an einigen planaren Pseudohalogeno-d8-Übergangsmetallkomplexen / X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of Some Planar Pseudohalogeno-d8-Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Holsboer F. , Beck W.
Published: February 2015

X-ray photoelectron spectra, pseudohalide complexes of gold (III), linkage isomerism

Core binding energies of metals in the isomeric (Ph3As) 2Pd (NCS) 2 and (Ph3As) 2Pd (SCN) 2, and in [AsPh4] [AuX4] (X = CN-, tetrazolate, Cl-, N3
-) are reported. S- and N-Bonding mode can be distinguished in accord with semiemperical MO-calculations. XPS-results are correlated with Mößbauer spectra and the metal-cyanide and metal-tetrazolate bonds are discussed.
Zur Kenntnis der Chemie der Metallcarbonyle und der Cyanokomplexe in flüssigem Ammoniak, XXVII.
Authors: Krohberger Herbert , Ellermann Jochen , Behrens Helmut
Published: February 2015

The reaction of C3F7Fe(CO)3[P(C6H5)3] I with liquid ammonia yields, dependend on the reaction-time C3F7Fe(CO)2(NH3)2I and [C3F7Fe(CO)2(NH3)3] I. In the contrary, C3F7Fe(CO)4 I undergoes ammonolysis forming NH4F, NH4I, NH4NCO and CO (NH2)2. No stable iron-complex could be obtained.
Die Komplexbildung zwischen Molybdationen und Perjodsäure, IV / The Formation of Complexes Between Molybdations and Periodic Acid, IV
Authors: Wiese Günther
Published: February 2015

By cryoscopic titrations and a mathematical analysis of the titrations results the chemism of formation of the heteropolyanion [JMo6O24]5- was investigated.
Die Wahrscheinlichkeiten der Uroporphyrinogen-Isomerisierung in heißer Säure / The Probabilities of the Isomerisation of Uroporphyrinogens in Hot Acid
Authors: Von Dobeneck Henning , Hansen Bernd , Vollmann Erhard
Published: February 2015

The probabilities of the isomerisation of uroporphyrinogens in hot acid through rotation of one or more pyrrole rings are calculated on the assumption that only one ring at a time can rotate. The calculated results are in agreement with earlier experimental findings.
Endgültiger Strukturbeweis und Synthese von Frangulin A
Authors: Hörhammer H. P. , Wagner H.
Published: February 2015

By coupling emodine with α-acetobromo-L-rhamnose according to Koenigs-Knorr frangulin A was synthesized and thereby its final structure proved as 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-anthra-chinone-6-O-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranoside.
Lack of Citrate Lyase — the Key Enzyme of the Reductive Carboxylic Acid Cycle — in Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum and Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Beuscher Norbert , Gottschalk Gerhard
Published: February 2015

Extracts of Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum and of Rhodospirillum rubrum have been tested for the presence of citrate lyase under various conditions. This enzyme could not be detected. It is, therefore, concluded that a complete reductive carboxylic acid cycle does not occur in these microorganisms.

The enzymes required for a-ketoglutarate synthesis from oxaloaetate and acetyl-coenzyme A are present in autotrophically grown cells of C. thiosulfatophilum and R. rubrum. This supports the view that a reaction sequence catalyzing the conversion of α-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate is unlikely to exist in these bacteria.
Potentiometrische Analyse der Kinetik des gegenläufigen Nettotransports von K- und H-Ionen durch die Membran von E. coli B / Potentiometric Analysis of the Kinetics of the Counter-current Net Transport of K- and H-Ions across the Membrane of E. coli B
Authors: L′Orange Raul , Frommer-Evers Beate
Published: February 2015

Potassium measurements were carried out continuously with a potassiumselective electrode of the ORION type by compensation of the uptake of starved bacteria. The output of H+-ions was simultaneously registered by a pH-stat. Addition of either glucose, pyruvate or lactate triggers different iontransport velocities across the bacterial membrane. K+ obeys saturation kinetics not only referring to the external concentration of K+, but also with respect to the concentration of lactate and the same applies to the velocity of the extruded He-ions referring only to lactate.

It could be demonstrated that an exchange for H+-ions is not an indispensable condition for the uptake of K+-ions by E. coli.
On the Interaction of Flavins with Phosphine-derivatives
Authors: Müller Franz
Published: February 2015

The interaction of flavinium salts with triphenylphosphine is described. The complexes which can be isolated in high yields in the crystalline state contain one mole triphenylphosphine per mole flavin. Triphenylphosphine is covalently bound to the N (5)-atom of the isoalloxazine ring system. Dissociation constants and rate constants have been determined spectrophotometrically. Evidence for the structure of the complex was obtained from light absorption, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The similarities between the flavin-triphenylphosphine adduct and the earlier described flavin-sulfite adduct are described and the possible biological relevance of these complexes is discussed.
Some Properties of Formate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Höpner Thomas , Trautwein Annemarie
Published: February 2015

The enzyme was anaerobically isolated and was characterized as a flavoprotein containing at least 1 FMN, 5-8 Fe and 7-8 moles labile sulfide per mole (M. W. appr. 300.000). It catalyzes the oxidation of formate by NAD, O2 (forming H2O2) and dyes and the oxidation of NADH by O2 (forming Η2Ο2) and dyes. It is irreversibly inhibited by formate.
Flavin Interaction in NADPH-Sulfite Reductase
Authors: Siegel Lewis M. , Faeder Edward J. , Kamin Henry
Published: February 2015

E. coli NADPH-sulfite reductase, depleted of FMN but retaining its FAD, has been prepared by photoirradiation of native enzyme in 30% — saturated ammonium sulfate. FMN-depleted enzyme loses its ability to reduce (using NADPH) ferricyanide, cytochrome c, sulfite, or the enzyme’s own heme-like chromophore. However, the FAD remains rapidly reducible by NADPH, and the FMN-depleted enzyme retains NADPH-acetylpyridine NADP* transhydrogenase activity. Thus, FAD can serve as entry port for NADPH electrons, and FMN is required for further transmission along the enzyme’s electron transport chain. These data, plus other studies, have enabled us to suggest a mechanism for catalysis which involves FAD cycling between the fully-oxidized and fully-reduced forms while FMN cycles between fully-reduced and semiquinone. This mechanism, which includes a disproportionation step, permits a “step-down” from the twoelectron donor, NADPH, to a succession of equipotential one-electron transfer steps.
Substitutionsreaktionen mit Phosphoramiden / Substitution Reactions with Phosphorus Amides
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Schaper Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

By reacting S = PX2NHCH3 or O = PX2NHCH3 (X = F and/or Cl) with S = PF2Br in the presence of triethylamine the following compounds are prepared: S = PCl2NCH3F2P = S, S = PFClNCH3F2P = S, O = PCl2NCH3F2P = S and O = PFClNCH3F2P = S. Also, the infrared, proton NMR, fluorine NMR, phosphorus NMR, and mass spectral data of these compounds are presented and discussed.
Epoxipiperolid aus Piper sanctum / Epoxipiperolid from Piper sanctum
Authors: Pelter Andrew , Hansel Rudolf
Published: February 2015

In addition to 5- (γ-methoxy) -cinnamylidene-4-methoxy-but-3-enolide (= piperolide), whose occurrence in roots and stems of Piper sanctum was described previously, there has been found the corresponding 7,8-oxidoderivative as its main concomitant. The isolation procedure - chromatography on charcoal columns using lipophilic solvents - is described. The structure 3 is mainly based on spectroscopic studies of its tetrahydro-derivative.
Photochemically Active Chlorophyll-Containing Proteins from Chloroplasts and their Localization in the Thylakoid Membrane
Authors: Koenig Friederike , Menke Wilhelm , Craubner Hans , Schmid Georg H. , Radunz Alfons
Published: February 2015

After solubilization of stroma-freed chloroplasts with deoxycholate, the lipids and the detergent used are separated from the proteins by gel filtration. In this way not denatured pigment-con-taining protein preparations were obtained. The particles in fraction 1 exhibited a molecular weight of 600 000 and contained an average of 25 chlorophyll molecules. The circular dichroism spectrum showed exciton splitting of the red band. The particles in fraction 2 contained 1 chlorophyll molecule and exhibited a molecular weight of 110 000. The particles in fraction 3 also contained only 1 chlorophyll molecule and had a molecular weight of between 80 000 and 100 000. Pure preparations of fraction 1 only carried out the methylviologen Mehler reaction with the dichlorophenol indophenol/ascorbate couple as electron donor. Fraction 3 only reduced ferricyanide with diphenylcarbazide as an electron donor in the light. Fraction 2 exhibited both the photosystem I reaction and the photosystem II reaction. An antiserum to extracted fraction 1 does not inhibit electron transport in the intact lamellar system. The photoreduction of methylviologen is only inhibited after disruption of the thylakoids. The antiserum to fraction 2 inhibits the photoreduction of methylviologen in the intact lamellar system. Consequently, one inhibition site for this photosystem I reaction must be located on the inner and another on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane. In addition, antibodies to fraction 1 are specifically adsorbed onto the lamellar system without any effect on electron transport and without a concomitant agglutination. Antibodies to fraction 3 partially inhibit the photoreduction of ferricyanide with diphenylcarbazide as an electron donor in the intact lamellar system. Hence, the inhibition site of this system II reaction is located on the outer surface of the thylakoids. We have reason to believe that the inhibition sites not reacting are located in the partitions, which are not accessible to antibodies.
Die Beeinflussung des Flügelmusters vom Tagpfauenauge, Inachis io L. (Nymphalidae-Lepidoptera), durch physikalische Faktoren und seine radioaktive Markierbarkeit / The Influence of the Wing-pattern of the Peacock Butterfly, Inachis io L. (Nymphalidae-Lepidoptera), by Physical Factors and its Ability to be Radioactively Marked
Authors: Hamm Rainer , Lüdicke Manfred
Published: February 2015

The different radioautographic patterns were observed on the upper surface of fore wings of Inachis io L. when 35S-sodium sulfate, 3H-tryptophane and 14C-hydrolysed protein were orally applied or injected to the larvae or pupae of the butterfly.

35S-sodium sulfate and 3H-tryptophane were found in ommochrome containing scale areas, whereas 14C-hydrolysed protein could be detected only in melanine containing scale areas by radioautographic methods. These results prove that the 35S-sodium sulfate can be utilized in the synthesis of ommatin D as ester of sulfuric acid.

By means of particular UV-radiation the colour and form of wings were changed. This change is either due to the interruption of the flow of determination responsible for the formation of pattern or the blockage of lymphatic fluid. The radioautographic pattern of the treated wing shows also the change of form, colour and position of the scale areas.
Metallkomplexe mit polymeren Liganden, I./Metal Complexes with Polymeric Ligands, I.
Authors: Biedermann Hans G. , Obwandner Josef , Wichmann Klaus
Published: February 2015

Atactic poly-4-vinylpyridine forms with transition metal compounds in ethyl alcohol the following complexes: Me (II) L2 (P-4-VP-m)2 and Me (II) J2 (P-4-VP-m)3, Me = Fe, Co, Ni. L = Cl⁻, acetylacetonate, salicylaldehydate and o-nitrophenolate. The IR-spectra are discussed.
Viscometric Studies on the Stability of DNA-Proflavine Complex
Authors: Das G. C. , Das Gupta N. N.
Published: February 2015

Viscometric technique has been used to estimate the relative contributions of strong and weak binding modes towards thermal stabilization of the Proflavine-DNA complex. Variation of the ratio of the specific viscosity of the dye-bound DNA to that of the DNA solution (η′sp/η sp) with different dye to DNA-phosphate ratios (D/P) shows that the saturation is attained at D/P value of about 0.2. This effect is more pronounced at lower ionic strengths. Heat-induced helix-coil transition curves at different D/P values at a fixed ionic strength of the buffer reveal a gradual shift towards higher temperature with the increase of D/P and levelling off at D/P of about 0.22. It is suggested that only the strong binding mode causes thermal stabilization of the DNA double helix and the double helix having all the possible intercalating sites saturated by the dye molecules attains the most stable configuration.
α-Amanitin hemmt die Tumorinduktion durch Agrobacterium tumefaciens / α-Amanitin Inhibits Tumor Induction by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Beiderbeck Rolf
Published: February 2015

Concentrations of 0,8—90 μg α-amanitin per ml do not inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in vitro. 20 ug/ml of the drug reduce tumor initiation by these bacteria (on leaves of Kalanchoe) if it is added simultaneously with the bacteria or 24 hours after infection. Addition of α-amanitin 96 hours after bacterial infection does not reduce the number of initiated tumors but it slows down tumor growth. These results demonstrate the participation in tumorigenesis of RNA synthesis in the nucleoplasm of the host cells.
A Rashevsky-Turing System as a Two-cellular Flip-flop
Authors: Rössler Otto E. , Seelig Friedrich F.
Published: February 2015

In a simple two-compartment system, the behaviour of a flip-flop can be obtained by reversible reduction of selective membrane permeability. The behaviour corresponds to a triggerable reversal of “differentiation” of the two-cellular system. The model is identical with the simplest Rashevsky- Turing system, that is a two-compartment system showing spontaneous differentiation if the selective permeability for one constituent is raised above a critical value. The identity is not accidental and can be interpreted as an example of Rosen’s principle of function change. The phenomenon may be used for an empirical test of the Rashevsky-Turing theory of morphogenesis
Oxygen Consumption by Liver and Kidney Slices of Uromastix Hardwickii
Authors: Ali Athar H. S. , Hasnain S. N. , Zain-Ul-Abedin M.
Published: February 2015

1. The carbohydrates were oxidized at a significantly faster rate by the kidney than by the liver slices of uromastix.

2. The amount of oxygen consumed by the liver and kidney slices of uromastix is of the similar magnitude
Silberhalogenid-Silberchalkogenidsysteme / Silverhalide-Silverchalkogenidesystems
Authors: Blachnik Roger , Kudermann Gerhard
Published: February 2015

The phase-diagrams of the systems AgCl-Ag2Se, AgCl-Ag2Te, AgBr-Ag2Se, AgBr-Ag2Te have been determined. Two peritectic compounds Ag3TeBr and Ag5Te2Cl were found. The liquidus curves were analyzed and entropies of melting of silverdialkogenides calculated.
Metallkomplexe mit paramagnetischen Derivaten des Piperidin-1-oxyls / Metal Complexes of Paramagnetic Derivatives of Piperidine-1-oxyl
Authors: Jahr Dieter , Rebhan Karl Heinz , Schwarzhans Karl E. , Wiedemann Josef
Published: February 2015

A series of complexes formed between transition metal ions and the stable free radicals 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-amino-4-caboxypiperidine-1-oxyl, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine-l -oxyl, 2,2,6,6-tetram ethyl-piperidine-l-oxyl and glyoxal-bis(2,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-iminopiperidine-1- oxyl) has been prepared. The magnetic moments and the epr-spectra of the complexes have been investigated. Some of the complexes show a temperature dependent interaction between the radicalic nitroxyl groups of the ligands. By analysis of the epr-spectra in the solid state there was found in some cases an interaction between the metal ion and the unpaired electrons of the ligands.
Aluminium (III) Derivatives of Schiff bases Derived from o-Hydroxyacetophenone and Hydroxyalkylamines
Authors: Tandon J. P. , Prasad R. N.
Published: February 2015

The 1 : 1 and 2 : 3 interactions of aluminium isopropoxide with bifunctional tridentate Schiff bases, derived by the condensation of o-hydroxyacetophenone with hydroxyalkylamines [such as 2-hydroxyethylamine, 2-hydroxy-1-propylamine, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-propylamine and 1-hydroxy-2-butylamine] have been investigated. The resulting derivatives of the types, Al(OPrt)(SB) and Al2(SB)3 (where SB2- is the anion of the corresponding Schiff base, SBH2) have been isolated in almost quantitative yields. The ebullioscopic determination of molecular weights in benzene has shown the isopropoxy derivatives to be dimers, whereas the dialuminium-tris-Schiff base derivatives to be monomers. The infrared spectra of these compounds have been recorded and plausible structures indicated.
Influence of Nucleic Acid Bases on the Light-induced Reduction of Methylene Blue: ESR and Optical Measurements
Authors: Hanssum Helmut , Lohmann Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

The effect of the nucleic acid bases adenine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, and 5-bromo-uracil on the light-induced reduction of methylene blue in dimethylsulfoxide has been investigated by means of ESR and optical absorption studies. It could be shown that the nucleic acid bases act as electron acceptors. The experimentally obtained electron affinities are of the following order: cytosine > adenine > thymine ≈ uracil and confirm, thus, the theoretical predictions.
Beiträge zur Chemie des Hydrazins und seiner Derivate, XLI / Contributions to the Chemistry of Hydrazine and its Derivatives, XLI
Authors: Linke Karl-Heinz , Turley Ralf
Published: February 2015

Good yields of 2,2-dialkyltriazanium sulfates were obtained by reaction of hydroxylamido-O-sulfuric acid or its sodium salt with 1,1-dialkylhydrazines. Thus N,N-diaminopiperidinium sulfate and N,N -diamino-α-pipecolinium sulfate could be prepared for the first time. Reaction of these compounds with various barium salts in aqueous solution led to the corresponding triazanium salts due to precipitation of barium sulfate. The structure of these substances were verified by NMR and IR spectroscopic data and elementary analysis. Analogous syntheses of triazanium salts from mono-, 1,2-di-, tri- and tetramethylhydrazine were not successful.
UV-Photolyse von Joduracil, V. Reaktionen des Uracilradikals mit Cystamin und Cysteamin in wäßrigen Lösungen / Photochemistry of 5-lodouracil in Aqueous Solution in Presence of Cystamine and Cysteamine
Authors: Gilbert Ernst
Published: February 2015

UV-photolysis of aqueous solution of 5-iodouracil in presence of cystamine and oxygen leads to isodialuric acid and 5-S-cysteamine-uracil. The yields of these procucts were determined as a function of cystamine concentration. In absence of oxygen but in presence of low concentration of cystamine another competition reaction in addition to the formation of 5-S-cysteamine-uracil is observed which leads to the formation of uracil dimer. UV-photolysis of iodouracil in presence of cysteamine and oxygen leads to isodialuric acid, 5-S-cysteamine-uracil and uracil. The results suggest that cystamine accounts for the formation of 5-S-cysteamine-uracil and cysteamine for the occurence of uracil. Iodouracil and cysteamine react at pH’s between 7 and 12 in a dark reaction to give uracil.
Nitrogen Centred Free Radicals in the Solution Phase Photolysis of o-Nitrobenzaldehyde. Their Nature and Origin
Authors: Filby W. G. , Günther K.
Published: February 2015

The nature of the radicals produced by UV photolysis of methanolic solutions of o-nitrobenzaldehyde have been investigated. Contrary to an earlier report the radicals are proven to originate intramolecularly. The ESR parameters support the assignment of a nitrogen centred structure.
Magnetic and Optical Studies of Copper Caprylate in Dioxane-Ethanol Mixtures
Authors: Mehrotra K. N. , Mehta V. P. , Nagar T. N.
Published: February 2015

The IR spectrum of copper caprylate exhibits only one absorption band at about 1580 cm-1 which has been assigned to the binuclear configuration of copper soaps. The magnetic and spectroscopic studies confirm that the binuclear structure of copper caprylate persists in solutions. The absorption band near 375 mµ reveals the presence of coppercopper linkage and thus establishes the binuclear configuration of copper soaps in mixed solvents. The behaviour of copper soap and copper salt solutions is quite different and the absorption maxima are observed at different wavelengths.
Fragmentbildung und Ionenausbeute der Tetramethylverbindungen von Si, Ge, Sn und Pb in Abhängigkeit von der Elektronenstoßenergie im Massenspektrometer / Fragmentations and Ion Yields of the Tetramethyl Compounds of Si, Ge, Sn and Pb in Dependence of the Electron Impact Energy in a Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Heumann K. G. , Bächmann K. , Kubassek E. , Lieser K. H.
Published: February 2015

In this study the behaviour of the tetramethyl compounds of Si, Ge, Sn and Pb in an ion source was investigated by mass spectrometry under equal conditions. A systematic investigation of the fragment formation and of the ion yield as a function of the electron impact energy and the atomic number of the central atom in the tetramethyl compounds was carried out.

In all cases the trimethyl ions show the highest intensity in the whole energy range from 15 to 100 eV electron impact energy. At an electron impact energy of 20 eV the number of peaks having a high intensity in the mass spectrum is rather small. The relative stability of the trimethyl ions can be ascribed to their even electron number. Besides, the trimethyl ions are isoelectronic with the trivalent compounds of the III A group. The decreasing intensity of the trimethyl ions and the increasing intensity of the monomethyl ions with higher atomic number of the central atom can be explained by the increasing stability of the lower oxidation state.

The ion yield of the sum of all fragments containing a metal atom reaches a maximum in the case of Ge(CH3)4 and decreases from Ge(CH3)4 to Pb(CH3)4. The tendency of the ion yields of the metal containing fragments is parallel to the values of the electronegativities calculated by ALLRED and ROCHOW. The tendency of the ion yields and the localization of the positive charge after the ionization are discussed in detail.
Nachweis von strukturellen L-Defekten im innerkristallinen Wasser von hydratierten Vermikuliteinkristallen mittels dielektrischer Messungen / Detection of Structural L-Defects in Intracrystalline Water of Vermiculites by Dielectric Measurements
Authors: Schön Günter , Weiss Armin
Published: February 2015

Homoionic single crystals of vermiculite in different hydration stages (isolated water molecules, discrete monomolecular or bimolecular water layers respectively) have been used for dielectric measurements within the frequency of 30 Hz and 10 MHz. The results are interpreted by the diffusion of isolated structural L-defects. The activation energy of the process has been determined to be 2.3 kcal/mole.
Darstellung, Eigenschaften und Schwingungsspektren von MoVO2(O2PCl2) · POCl3 und MoO2Cl2 · POCl3 / Preparations, Chemical Properties and the Vibrational Spectra of MoVO2(O2PCl2) · POCl3 und MoO2Cl2 · POCl3
Authors: Dehnicke K. , Shihada A.-F.
Published: February 2015

Polymeric MoO2 (O2PCl2) · POCl3 1 is obtained by the reaction of MoCl5 and P2O3Cl4, while MoO2Cl2 · POCl3 2 is formed by passage of Cl2O into a solution of MoCl5 in POCl3. From magnetic measurements and IR data it appears that 1 contains no Mo-O-Mo system but Mo-O-P-O-Mo bridges. The IR and RAMAN spectra of 2 were assigned by comparison with the spectrum of MoO2Cl2 · H2O.
Untersuchungen an biochemisch wirksamen Ligandensystemen, VII
Authors: Fritz Heinz P. , Tiedt Friedemann
Published: February 2015

The infrared spectra of N, N’-Di-β-chlorethylethylenediamine and the complexes of Cu (II), Zn(II) and Pt (II) are discussed. Their structures follow from IR-spectra.

The rates of solvolysis of N, N’-Di-β-chlorethylethylenediamine and the Zn(II) complex in basic D2O/DMSO-solution have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance.
Kernresonanzspektroskopische Untersuchungen an CH3(p-CH3OC6H4)PS2Na · 2 H2O / NMR-Spectroscopic Investigations on CH3(p-CH3OC6H4)PS2Na · 2 H2O
Authors: Hagele Gerhard , Diemert Klaus , Kuchen Wilhelm
Published: February 2015

High resolution protonmagnetic resonance spectra are analyzed and refined parameters for coupling constants and chemical schift values in the [AB]2X subspectrum of CH3(p-CH3OC6H4)PS2Na · 2H2O are obtained.
Zur Elektronenstruktur der Thiokumulene / The Electronic Structure of Thiocumulenes
Authors: Kroner Jürgen , Strack Walter , Holsboer Florian , Kosbahn Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

The He(I) photoelectron(PE) spectra, the core binding energies according to X-ray photoelectron(ESCA) spectra, and the gas phase far UV spectra of the bent cumulenes sulfur dioxide, N-tert-butylsulnnylamine, and di-tert-butylsulfurdiimide are presented. The PE spectra are discussed by comparing them to those of the linear carbon analogues as carbon dioxide, tert-butylisocyanate and di-tert-butylcarbodiimide. Modified CNDO-CI calculations give satisfying interpretations of the substituent effects.
Schwingunsspektren von Tetrafulminato-Komplexen von Pt(II), Pd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) und Hg(II) / Vibrational Spectra of Tetrafulminate Complexes of Pt(II), Pd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II)
Authors: Beck Wolfgang , Oetker Claus-Jürgen , Swoboda Peter
Published: February 2015

The IR and Raman spectra of the anionic fulminate complexes [M (CNO) 4] 2- (M =. Ni, Pd, Pt; Zn, Cd, Hg), including also by 11N substituted fulminate ligands, are reported. The results are consistent with high symmetry of these anions (D4h : M=Ni Pd, Pt; Td: M=Zn, Cd, Hg), i. e. with linear metal-C≡N- O groups.
Die Kristallstruktur der Phase LiSn
Authors: Müller W. , Schäfer H.
Published: February 2015

LiSn crystallizes monoclinic: a = 5.17 ± 0.02 Å; b = 7.74 ± 0.02 Å; c = 3.18 ± 0.02 Å; γ = 104.5° ± 0.3°, space group: P 2/m - C2h
1. LiSn is not isotypic with LiGe and LiPb, but there are many structural relations to LiPb.
Zur Kenntnis der Intercalationsverbindungen
Authors: Weiss Armin , Orth Helmut
Published: February 2015

Layer-silicates of the kaolinite type (kaolinite, nacrite, dickite, halloysite) can incorporate pyridine-N-oxide and picolin-N-oxides inbetween the silicate layers, thus forming intercalation compounds. The paper deals with the preparation of the compounds, their compositions, the increase of the basal spacings and the arrangement of the guest molecules within the host-lattice.
Darstellung, Eigenschaften und IR-Spektren der Dichlorphosphate Cl2VvO(O2PCl2) · POCl3 und Cl2VIV(O2PCl2)2 / Preparations, Chemical Properties and the IR-spectra of the Dichlorophosphates Cl2VvO(O2PCl2) · POCl3 and Cl2VIV(O2PCl2)2
Authors: Shihada A. F. , Dehnicke K.
Published: February 2015

Cl2VO (O2PCl2) · POCl3 (1) can be prepared either by the reaction of VOCl3 with P2O3Cl4 or by the treatment of a solution of VOCl3 in POCl3 with Cl2O Cl2V (O2PCl2)2 (2) is obtained from VCl4 and P2O3Cl4. While the PO2Cl2 group functions as a chelate in (1) leading to a monomeric complex, this same group forms bridges in (2) enabling polymerisation to take place.
Über den Mechanismus der Bildung von Polyanionen in wäßriger Lösung. Der Bildungsmechanismus des Polyoktamolybdations [Mo8O6-
27]n / On the Mechanism for Polyanion Formation in Aqueous Solution. The Mechanism of Formation of the Polyoctamolybdate Ion [Mo8O6-
27]n
Authors: Tytko Karl-Heinz
Published: February 2015

The formation of the polyoctamolybdate ion [Mo8O6-]n results from two condensation principles. First the octamolybdate ion [H2Mo8O28]27
6- is formed by stepwise aggregation according to the condensation mechanism formerly proposed2. This species is subjected to a polycondensation resulting in an octamolybdate chain. The structure of the octamer unit predicted from the condensation mechanism has recently been confirmed by experiments10.
Vierzig Jahre „penta-ammine effect” / Forty Years of Penta-ammine Effect
Authors: Gorski N.
Published: February 2015

The actual aspect of knowledge on the state of copper ammine complexes in aqueous solution was discussed. It was concluded, that the Cu(II)-ion has the coordination number of 5 contrary to the value of 6 assumed today.

The structure of CuN5-chromophores in aqueous solution indicate, that the development of the penta-ammine effect is based on their higher ligand fields symmetries forced by formation of CuN5-chromophores comparised with CuN4-chromophores.
Nitrosolate und Nitrosolatokomplexe / Nitrosolates and Nitrosolatocompounds
Authors: Vetter Gottlieb , Klar Günter , Kopf Jürgen
Published: February 2015

The nitrosolates of acetic and benzoic acids can be stabilized by bulky cations such as NR4
+ (R = CH3, C2H5) and E (C6H5)4
+ (E = P, As). These compounds are ionic, while those with SbR4+ (R = CH3, C6H5) are either ionic or covalent, depending on the solvent. The synthesis of all compounds mentioned is described.
Polarisable Hydrogen Bond Formation and Ionic Interactions in Model Phospholipid Polar Head Molecules
Authors: Papakostidis Georg , Zundel Georg
Published: February 2015

The serine phosphoric acid P-methylester (SPM) and the ethanol-amine phosphoric acid P-methylester (EPM) were synthesized as water soluble models for the functional groups of the corresponding phospholipids. Investigations were made of the aqueous solutions of these molecules as a function of deprotonation and protonation. An intramolecular, easily polarisable hydrogen bond occurs in the zwitterion of the SPM. The solutions of different salts of SPM were studied as well as the influence of counter ion pairs. Counterion pairs hardly influence these bonds. At about 50% deprotonation extremely easily polarisable intermolecular bonds form. At about 100% deprotonation of the zwitterion the hydrogen bonds observed are affected by the presence of CO2. The above is indicated by changes of the bands of the carboxylic and phosphate groups, and in particular by a continuous absorption in the infrared spectrum. During protonation of the EPM easily polarisable intermolecular POH+ ... OP hydrogen bonds form at first, but as protonation increases the solutions become acidic, that is, H5O2
+ groupings form.
Abspaltung säurelabiler Aminoschutzgruppen durch Pyridiniumsalze / The Removal of Acid-labile Amino-protecting Groups by Pyridinum Salts
Authors: Klostermeyer H. , Schwertner E.
Published: February 2015

Pyridinium salts of strong acids are usefull reagents in organic solvents, e. g. methanol, for the selective cleavage of acid labile amino-protecting groups as the trityl, o-nitrophenylsulfenyl, and the 2-(ρ-biphenyl)-isopropyloxycarbonyl residue. The cleavage reactions are investigated with respect to time, temperature, concentration of the reagent, different solvents, different pyridinium salts with and without addition of indole, and sterically hindrance by the structure of the amino acids.
Über neuere Polymetallate / Polyanions of Novel Structural Types
Authors: Fuchs Joachim
Published: February 2015

By the application of newer preparative methods and specific organic cations single crystals of polymetallates were obtained of till now unknown structural types. These are salts with polyanions W6O19
2-, W10O32
4-, [HW12O38(OH)2]5-, Mo6O19
2- and HV4O12
3-, furthermore para-tungstates A and B, as well as the compounds [N(CH)3)4]2 Μο8Ο25·5Η2Ο and [N(CH3)4]2Mo10 O31 · 7H2O. The structures of the anions W6O19
2- and W10O32
4- were elucidated by X-Ray analyses; the structure of the Μο6Ο19
2- was derived by vibrational spectroscopy. The knowledge of newer polyanion structures increasingly enables us to gain an insight into the complicated mechanism of oxyhydrate formation by acidification of metal salt solutions.
Photoelektronenspektroskopische Untersuchungen an Bor-Verbindungen, I / Photoelectronspectroscopic Investigations on Boron Compounds, I
Authors: Kroner Jürgen , Nölle Dieter , Nöth Heinrich
Published: February 2015

The photoelectron(PE) spectra of methylthio- (X = SCH3) and methoxyboranes (X = OCH3) (CH3)3-nBXn are compared and assigned by means of modified CNDO/2 calculations. Substituent effects on π-orbitals and chemical shifts (δ11B) confirm the existence of non-negligible π-contributions to the boron-sulphur bond.
Neue Einlagerungsverbindungen von Kaolinit, Nakrit, Dickit, Halloysit und Titandisulfid mit Imidazol und Methylimidazol / New Layer Intercalation Compounds of Kaolinite, Nacrite, Dickite, Halloysite and Titandisulfide with Imidazole and Methylimidazole
Authors: Weiss, A. , Orth H.
Published: February 2015

The layer silicates kaolinite, nacrite, dickite, halloysite as well as metal disulfides react with imidazole or methylimidazoles, yielding layer-intercalation-compounds; e.g. TiS2. 0,72 imidazole or Al4(OH)8 Si4O10 · 1.72 imidazole. In TiS2 the organic guest molecules are arranged in bilayers, with the plane of their rings tilted against the layers of the host lattice. H-Substitution by -CH3 on the nitrogen does not increase the spacing, while methyl-substitution on carbon-2 causes an increase of about 4 A.

The arrangement is different from that in the layer silicates kaolinite, nacrite, dickite and halloysite, wherein the imidazole molecules are ordered in monolayers, the aromatic plane lying perpendicular to the silicate layers.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of α-Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids by Bromine
Authors: Banerji Kalyan K.
Published: February 2015

The oxidation of glycollic, lactic, u-hydroxybutyric, and 2-phenyllactic acids by aqueous bromine has been studied. The reaction is of first order with respect to the oxidant and the anion of the hydroxy acid respectively. The active oxidising species is molecular bromine. The oxidation of α,α-dideuterioglycollic acid indicated a kinetic isotope effect, kH/kD=4.62 at 25°C. The reaction does not show any appreciable solvent isotope effect. The activation parameters arc evaluated. A probable mechanism has been suggested.
Thienylpyrroles
Authors: Galasso V. , Milun M. , Trinajstić N.
Published: February 2015

The most probable conformation of the isomeric thienylpyrroles has been investigated using the HOFFMANN’S variant of the Extended HÜCKEL Theory. Planar syn conformation is predicted slightly more stable than anti for 2,2′-, 2,3′-, and 3,2′-isomers, while the 3,3′-isomer is predicted to have anti conformation slightly more stable than syn. For the two energetically most favourable conformations of each molecule the charge distribution and dipole moment have been calculated using the CNDO/2 method. The relative stability of these compounds has been also discussed.
Cyclobutadiene, Benzocyclobutadiene, and Biphenylene
Authors: Milun M. , Trinajstić N.
Published: February 2015

The difference in the ground state reactivity of cyclobutadiene, benzocyclobutadiene, and biphenylene is attributed to the combination of their aromatic stabilization (or destabilization), the presence of the strain in the four-membered ring system, and the appearance of the localized double bonds.
Darstellung von Peroxotantalaten durch Perhydrolyse von Tantal(V)-äthanolat / Preparation of Peroxotantalates by Perhydrolysis of Tantalum(V)ethoxide
Authors: Fuchs J. , Lubkoll D.
Published: February 2015

Tetraperoxotantalates with organic cations as well as an oligomeric peroxopolytantalate were prepared for the first time by perhydrolysis of tantalum(V)ethoxide, Ta(OC2H5)5, in the presence of bases. Guanidinium, tert-butylammonium and cyclohexylammonium salts of tetraperoxotantalic acid crystallize from ethanol as relatively stable compounds. The cell constants of these compounds are determined. By perhydrolysis of the ester in petroleum ether the tert-butylammonium salt of a peroxododecantalic acid was obtained. The molecular mass of this water soluble compound was determined with the ultracentrifuge.
A Study of Basic Zinc Carbonate Formation by the Action of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour on Zinc Oxide
Authors: O’Connor M. F.
Published: March 2015

The absorption of carbon dioxide and water vapour by zinc oxide to form basic zinc carbonate was studied for a range of gas pressures and reaction temperatures. Water pretreatment of the oxide was found to influence the initial stages of the reaction. The CO2- and water-contents of the products varied according to the reacting conditions but in all cases a highly-disordered basic zinc carbonate was formed which showed an increase in order on ageing.
Markierte Verbindungen, ΧΧΙΠ Kinetik des Chloraustausches zwischen Antimon(III)-chlorid und Hexachlorpropen / On Labelled Compounds, XXIII Kinetics of the Chlorine Exchange between Antimony(III)-chloride and Hexachloropropene
Authors: Boberg Friedrich , Hanisch Ferdinand
Published: March 2015

The kinetic of the chlorine exchange between (36Cl)antimony(III)-chloride and hexachloropropene is studied in homogenous methylene chloride solution on variation of time, concentrations of (36Cl)SbCl3, C3Cl6 and temperature. A mechanism is given with a transition state with 4 molecules of SbCl3 und 1 molecule of C3Cl6