bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of individual variability on the predictive performance of machine learning applied to large bio-logging datasets
Authors: Chimienti Marianna , Kato Akiko , Hicks Olivia , Angelier Frédéric , Beaulieu Michaël , Ouled-Cheikh Jazel , Marciau Coline , Raclot Thierry , Tucker Meagan , Wisniewska Danuta Maria , Chiaradia André , Ropert-Coudert Yan
Published: November 2022

Animal-borne tagging (bio-logging) generates large and complex datasets. In particular, accelerometer tags, which provide information on behaviour and energy expenditure of wild animals, produce high-resolution multi-dimensional data, and can be challenging to analyse. We tested the performance of commonly used artificial intelligence tools on datasets of increasing volume and dimensionality. By collecting bio-logging data across several sampling seasons, datasets are inherently characterized by inter-individual variability. Such information should be considered when predicting behaviour. We integrated both unsupervised and supervised machine learning approaches to predict behaviours in two penguin species. The classified behaviours obtained from the unsupervised approach Expectation Maximisation were used to train the supervised approach Random Forest. We assessed agreement between the approaches, the performance of Random Forest on unknown data and the implications for the calculation of energy expenditure. Consideration of behavioural variability resulted in high agreement (> 80%) in behavioural classifications and minimal differences in energy expenditure estimates. However, some outliers with < 70% of agreement, highlighted how behaviours characterized by signal similarity are confused. We advise the broad bio-logging community, approaching these large datasets, to be cautious when upscaling predictions, as this might lead to less accurate estimates of behaviour and energy expenditure.
A gigantic bizarre marine turtle (Testudines: Chelonioidea) from the Middle Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of South-western Europe
Authors: Castillo-Visa Oscar , Luján Àngel H. , Galobart Àngel , Sellés Albert
Published: November 2022

Marine turtles were common in the subtropical Upper Cretaceous epi-continental seas that once washed the coasts of the ancient European archipelago. But unlike its contemporaneous faunas from North America, in Europe no taxon surpassed the 1.5 m shell-length. Here, the remains of a new large marine turtle, Leviathanochelys aenigmatica gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Campanian of the Southern Pyrenees are described. Anatomical and histological evidence concur in identifying the specimen as a basal chelonioid. The new taxon autapomorphically differs from other marine turtles by possessing an additional process on the anteromedial side of the pelvis, and an acetabulum directed strongly ventrally. Based on the pelvis size, it is likely that Leviathanochelys was as large as Archelon, thus becoming one of the largest marine turtles found to ever exist. The large body size of the new taxon could have evolved as a response to the unique habitat conditions of the European Cretaceous archipelago seas. The presence of the accessory pubic process further suggests the occurrence of an additional insertion point of the Musculus rectus abdominis, which together with the paleohistologic evidences support the hypothesis that the new taxon had an open marine pelagic lifestyle.
Influence of Dorper lamb development from birth to 120 days of age on clinical and echocardiographic parameters
Authors: Aleixo Amanda Sarita Cruz , Ferreira Danilo Otávio Laurenti , Tsunemi Miriam Harumi , Chiacchio Simone Biagio , Lourenço Maria Lucia Gomes
Published: November 2022

The expansion of the sheep model in research represents an attractive and economically beneficial academic reason for investigations in sheep echocardiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in Dorper lambs during the developmental period. Emphasis was placed on the use of the species in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, which can contribute to improvements in interventionist techniques. Ten Dorper lambs were evaluated at the following time points: 24 h after birth and 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. Clinical parameters were compiled, and echocardiogram records were obtained without sedation. Rectal temperature was lower on the first day compared to the others. From 21 days of life, there was a reduction in HR, with differences between time points. Mean and systolic blood pressure differed, with the highest values at 90 and 120 days of age. The thickness of the interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) increased as age progressed, with the highest value at 120 days of age, and the same occurred for LVIDd (left ventricle internal diameter in diastole), LVFWd (left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole), IVSs (interventricular septum thickness in systole), LVIDs (left ventricle internal diameter in systole) and LVFWs (left ventricular free wall thickness in systole). There were differences in the size of the LA, Ao and LA/Ao ratio, which were greater at 90 days and 120 days of age. Echocardiographic changes accompany the development of lambs, where changes in echocardiographic parameters are evident with advancing age. The echocardiographic measurements in lambs obtained in the present study are similar to those in newborns.
Tridimensional cell culture of dermal fibroblasts promotes exosome-mediated secretion of extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Clément Vincent , Roy Vincent , Paré Bastien , Goulet Cassandra R. , Deschênes Lydia Touzel , Berthod François , Bolduc Stéphane , Gros-Louis François
Published: November 2022

Extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, deposition and assembly are part of a whole complex biological process influencing the microenvironment and other cellular behaviors. Emerging evidence is attributing a significant role to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes in a plethora of ECM-associated functions, but the role of dermal fibroblast-derived EVs in paracrine signalling is yet unclear. Herein, we investigated the effect of exosomes isolated from stimulated human dermal fibroblasts. We report that tridimensional (3D) cell culture of dermal fibroblasts promotes secretion of exosomes carrying a large quantity of proteins involved in the formation, organisation and remodelling of the ECM. In our 3D model, gene expression was highly modulated and linked to ECM, cellular migration and proliferation, as well as inflammatory response. Mass spectrometry analysis of exosomal proteins, isolated from 3D cultured fibroblast-conditioned media, revealed ECM protein enrichment, of which many were associated with the matrisome. We also show that the cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) is predicted to be central to the signalling pathways related to ECM formation and contributing to cell migration and proliferation. Overall, our data suggest that dermal fibroblast-derived EVs participate in many steps of the establishment of dermis’s ECM.
Uptake of Plasmodium chabaudi hemozoin drives Kupffer cell death and fuels superinfections
Authors: Hirako Isabella C. , Antunes Maísa Mota , Rezende Rafael Machado , Hojo-Souza Natália Satchiko , Figueiredo Maria Marta , Dias Thomaz , Nakaya Helder , Menezes Gustavo Batista , Gazzinelli Ricardo Tostes
Published: November 2022

Kupffer cells (KCs) are self-maintained tissue-resident macrophages that line liver sinusoids and play an important role on host defense. It has been demonstrated that upon infection or intense liver inflammation, KCs might be severely depleted and replaced by immature monocytic cells; however, the mechanisms of cell death and the alterations on liver immunity against infections deserves further investigation. We explored the impact of acute Plasmodium infection on KC biology and on the hepatic immune response against secondary infections. Similar to patients, infection with Plasmodium chabaudi induced acute liver damage as determined by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation. This was associated with accumulation of hemozoin, increased of proinflammatory response and impaired bacterial and viral clearance, which led to pathogen spread to other organs. In line with this, mice infected with Plasmodium had enhanced mortality during secondary infections, which was associated with increased production of mitochondrial superoxide, lipid peroxidation and increased free iron within KCs—hallmarks of cell death by ferroptosis. Therefore, we revealed that accumulation of iron with KCs, triggered by uptake of circulating hemozoin, is a novel mechanism of macrophage depletion and liver inflammation during malaria, providing novel insights on host susceptibility to secondary infections. Malaria can cause severe liver damage, along with depletion of liver macrophages, which can predispose individuals to secondary infections and enhance the chances of death.
Bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in the neuroblastoma 11q-deleted region reveals a role of miR-548l in both 11q-deleted and MYCN amplified tumour cells
Authors: Jurcevic Sanja , Keane Simon , Borgmästars Emmy , Lubovac-Pilav Zelmina , Ejeskär Katarina
Published: November 2022

Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumour that is responsible for approximately 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Neuroblastoma tumours with amplification of the oncogene MYCN are aggressive, however, another aggressive subgroup without MYCN amplification also exists; rather, they have a deleted region at chromosome arm 11q. Twenty-six miRNAs are located within the breakpoint region of chromosome 11q and have been checked for a possible involvement in development of neuroblastoma due to the genomic alteration. Target genes of these miRNAs are involved in pathways associated with cancer, including proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair. We could show that miR-548l found within the 11q region is downregulated in neuroblastoma cell lines with 11q deletion or MYCN amplification. In addition, we showed that the restoration of miR-548l level in a neuroblastoma cell line led to a decreased proliferation of these cells as well as a decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase. We also found that miR-548l overexpression suppressed cell viability and promoted apoptosis, while miR-548l knockdown promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Our results indicate that 11q-deleted neuroblastoma and MYCN amplified neuroblastoma coalesce by downregulating miR-548l.
Aquaculture rearing systems induce no legacy effects in Atlantic cod larvae or their rearing water bacterial communities
Authors: Gundersen Madeleine S. , Vadstein Olav , De Schryver Peter , Attramadal Kari Johanne Kihle
Published: November 2022

The microbial rearing quality influences the survival of marine larvae. Microbially matured water treatment systems (MMS) provide a more favourable rearing water microbiome than flow-through systems (FTS). It has previously been hypothesised, but not investigated, that initial rearing in MMS leaves a protective legacy effect in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua). We tested this hypothesis through a crossover 2 × 2 factorial experiment varying the rearing water treatment system (MMS vs FTS) and the microbial carrying capacity (+ /− added organic matter). At 9 days post-hatching, we switched the rearing water treatment system. By comparing switched and unswitched rearing tanks, we evaluated if legacy effects had been established in the larvae or their surrounding rearing water bacterial community. We analysed the bacterial communities with flow cytometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found no evidence that the initial rearing condition left a legacy effect in the communities by evaluating the bacterial community diversity and structure. Instead, the present rearing condition was the most important driver for differences in the rearing water microbiota. Furthermore, we found that MMS with high microbial carrying capacity appeared to seed a stable bacterial community to the rearing tanks. This finding highlights the importance of keeping a similar carrying capacity between the inlet and rearing water. Moreover, we reject the hypothesis that the initial rearing condition leaves a protective legacy effect in larvae, as the larval survival and robustness were linked to the present rearing condition. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of maintaining a beneficial microbial rearing environment from hatching and throughout the larval rearing period.
An alternative approach for controlling bacterial pathogens in liquid and solid poultry waste using Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 disinfectant-based silver nanoparticles
Authors: Mohammed Asmaa N.
Published: November 2022

Inappropriate handling of poultry waste from the beginning to the end of the production cycle could lead to health and environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was to assess the current state of poultry waste management practices as well as to evaluate the efficacy of disinfectants (VIRKON S, Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), Calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2], and nanomaterials (nano-silver particles (Ag NPs), and Ca(OCl)2-Ag NPs composite) on pathogenic bacteria for use in the disinfection of waste collection areas within poultry operation systems. Two hundred and ten samples were gathered from variant waste types for isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria. Then, the efficacy of some disinfectants against fifty strains of isolated bacteria was evaluated using a broth micro-dilution assay. Results showed the most predominant bacterial isolates from wastes were E. coli (33.69%), Salmonella spp. (26.09%), followed by K. pneumonae (15.22%) and L. monocytogenes (14.13%). Ca(OCl)2-Ag NPs had a microbial lethal effect against all pathogenic bacteria (100%) that were isolated from liquid and solid waste. In conclusion, poultry manure waste is collected and dumped on the agricultural land around those chicken farms without any treatment. The Ca(OCl)2-Ag NPs composite was lethal to all pathogenic microbes isolated from waste and their collected areas at 1.0 mg/L concentration.
Multi-factor settlement prediction around foundation pit based on SSA-gradient descent model
Authors: Li Zhengcai , Hu Xinmin , Chen Chun , Liu Chenyang , Han Yalu , Yu Yuanfeng , Du Lizhi
Published: November 2022

With the rise of machine learning, a lot of excellent algorithms are used for settlement prediction. Backpropagation (BP) and Elman are two typical algorithms based on gradient descent, but their performance is greatly affected by the random selection of initial weights and thresholds, so this paper chooses Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to build joint model. Then, two sets of land subsidence monitoring data generated during the excavation of a foundation pit in South China are used for analysis and verification. The results show that the optimization effect of SSA on the gradient descent model is remarkable and the stability of the model is improved to a certain extent. After that, SSA is compared with GA and PSO algorithms, and the comparison shows that SSA has higher optimization efficiency. Finally, select SSA-KELM, SSA-LSSVM and SSA-BP for further comparison and it proves that the optimization efficiency of SSA for BP is higher than other kind of neural network. At the same time, it also shows that the seven influencing factors selected in this paper are feasible as the input variables of the model, which is consistent with the conclusion drawn by the grey relational analysis.
The role of auditory feedback in the motor learning of music in experienced and novice performers
Authors: Luciani Maria Giovanna , Cortelazzo Alessandra , Proverbio Alice Mado
Published: November 2022

Musical learning is related to the development of audio-visuomotor associations linking gestures with musical sounds. To study the role of auditory feedback in learning, 115 students (56 guitarists, 59 pianists) at the beginner, intermediate and advanced levels were recruited. Playing with sound (audio-motor feedback), mute practice (motor feedback), and piece listening (auditory feedback) were compared to first sight reading to assess the role of auditory and motor feedback in procedural learning. The procedure consisted of the execution of a standard piece for determining the students’ level and 4 further music executions (every week for 4 weeks), preceded by different practice conditions (for 12 min, once a day, for 5 days). Real musical pieces (e.g., Segovia, Schubert, Bartók) were used. Performance evaluation focused on four macro-categories: note, rhythm, dynamics and smoothness. For both instruments, first-sight reading (A − M −) was associated with the worst performance: silent motor practice (A − M +) resulted in learning the rhythmic structure of the piece and in a smoother performance. Listening to pieces (A + M −) resulted in learning the agogics and in improving articulation and smoothness. Listening during performance (A + M +) resulted in fewer intonation errors. Interestingly, auditory feedback was more relevant for beginners than for advanced students, as evidenced by the greater benefits of listening during practice.
Efficiency of expanded noninvasive prenatal testing in the detection of fetal subchromosomal microdeletion and microduplication in a cohort of 31,256 single pregnancies
Authors: Xue Huili , Yu Aili , Lin Min , Chen Xuemei , Guo Qun , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong
Published: November 2022

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is widely used to screen for common fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. However, the ability of NIPT-Plus to detect copy number variation (CNV) is debatable. Accordingly, we assessed the efficiency of NIPT-Plus to detect clinically significant fetal CNV. We performed a prospective analysis of 31,260 singleton pregnancies, included from June 2017 to December 2020. Cell-free fetal DNA was directly sequenced using the semiconductor sequencing platform for women with high-risk CNV with clinically significant results. Fetal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (or next-generation sequencing) are recommended for invasive diagnostic procedures. Women at low risk with no other abnormal results continued their pregnancies. We analyzed the expanded NIPT results, diagnostic test results, and follow-up information to evaluate its performance in detecting fetal CNV. Of the 31,260 pregnant women who received NIPT-Plus, 31,256 cases were tested successfully, a high risk of clinically significant CNV was detected in 221 cases (0.71%); 18 women refused further diagnosis; 203 women underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis; and 78 true positive cases and 125 false positive cases, with an overall positive predictive value (PPV) of 38.42% and a false positive rate of 0.40%. For known microdeletion/microduplication syndromes (n = 27), the PPVs were 75% DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), 80% 22q11.22 microduplication, 50% Prader–Willi syndrome, and 50% cri-du-chat. For the remaining clinically significant fetal CNVs (n = 175), the combined PPVs were 46.5% (CNVs > 10 Mb) and 28.57% (CNVs ≤ 10 Mb). NIPT-Plus screening for CNV has certain clinical value. NIPT-Plus yielded relatively high PPVs for 22q11.2 microduplication syndrome and DGS, and low to moderate PPVs for other CNVs.
Development of the stria vascularis in the common marmoset, a primate model
Authors: Hosoya Makoto , Kitama Tsubasa , Iwabu Kaho , Nishiyama Takanori , Oishi Naoki , Okano Hideyuki , Ozawa Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Stria vascularis is a structure that generates potassium gradients in the cochlea, which is vital for hair cells to convert mechanical sound waves into electrical pulses. The precise development of the stria vascularis and subsequent generation of endocochlear potential are thus essential for hearing. Understanding the development of the stria vascularis is valuable for studying hearing loss caused by aging or genetics and designing regenerative therapy. Although inter-species differences have been reported between rodents and humans, most of our current knowledge regarding cochlear development has been obtained from rodent models because of the difficulty in using human fetal samples in this field of research. Therefore, we investigated the development of the cochlear stria vascularis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small monkey species native to the New World. Our study confirms that stria vascularis development in the common marmoset is similar to that in humans and is suitable for furthering our understanding of human cochlear development. The time course established in this report will aid in studying the primate-specific developmental biology of the inner ear, which could eventually lead to new treatment strategies for hearing loss in humans.
Research on denoising method of chinese ancient character image based on chinese character writing standard model
Authors: Yalin Miao , Li Liang , Yichun Ji , Guodong Li
Published: November 2022

Ancient documents are historical evidence of cultural inheritance, and the damage brought by natural and human factors to ancient documents is inevitable, resulting in the collected images of ancient Chinese characters containing a large amount of noise, which seriously affects the accuracy of subsequent image recognition and thus creates a great obstacle to the digitization of ancient documents. To address the complexity of ancient text structure, this paper proposes a Chinese ancient text image denoising method based on the Chinese character writing standard model. The method firstly adds four additional local branches based on the global branching, and uses the supplementary character detail information to weaken the phenomenon of strokes adhering to noise due to the lack of local details; secondly, it introduces the simulation noise of ancient documents to simulate the real ancient character image morphology, which can be used for the adversarial training of this method. In the training process, the minimum absolute value deviation, smoothing loss, structural consistency loss and the refined loss function formed by the adversarial loss are used to iteratively optimize the parameters. Finally, experiments prove that the model in this paper can increase the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) of the image by at least 23.8% and 11.4%, and the user evaluation index (UV) has also reached more than 80%.
Himalayan zircons resurface in Sumatran arc volcanoes through sediment recycling
Authors: Gao Meng-Hao , Liu Ping-Ping , Chung Sun-Lin , Li Qiu-Li , Wang Bin , Tian Wei , Li Xian-Hua , Lee Hao-Yang
Published: November 2022

Understanding the processes of subducted sediment recycling in subduction zones is vital to decipher Earth’s crust-mantle interactions. This study uses along-arc geochemical variations and zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotopes of Quaternary arc basalts and andesites on Sumatra Island, Indonesia to assess the mode of sediment recycling in subduction zones. The Hf-O isotopes of inherited zircons of the basalts and andesites near the Toba Caldera indicate that some of them were derived from subducted terrigenous sediments mainly sourced from the (eastern) Himalaya. Hybridization of the subducted sediments with the mantle also accounts for the enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of arc volcanic rocks near the Toba Caldera. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that the subducted sediments did not melt on the slab surface. Rather, geochemical evidence supports their formation as diapirs that rise buoyantly through the hot mantle wedge and contribute to ~30 to 45% of the magma source of the arc volcanic rocks near Toba.
Copper nanoclusters on specific-primer PCR fragments with magnetic capture for the label-free fluorescent sensing of the T315I single nucleotide variant in the BCR–ABL1 gene
Authors: Lai Ke-Peng , Su Yu-Chen , Fu Bo-Siang , Lin Kung-Hung , Kou Hwang-Shang , Wang Chun-Chi
Published: November 2022

A simple and facile strategy using the all or none formation of dsDNA-templated copper nanoclusters on specific-primer PCR fragments was designed to fluorescently identify the T315I single nucleotide variant on the BCR–ABL1 gene.
Genetic algorithm parallel optimization of a new high mass resolution planar electrostatic ion trap mass analyzer
Authors: Wang Weimin , Xu Fuxing , Wu Fangling , Wu Huanmin , Ding Chuan-Fan , Ding Li
Published: November 2022

Angular precessing ion trajectory and simulated mass spectrum from PEIT-7 mass analyzer.
Helium nanodroplets as an efficient tool to investigate hydrogen attachment to alkali cations
Authors: Kollotzek Siegfried , Campos-Martínez José , Bartolomei Massimiliano , Pirani Fernando , Tiefenthaler Lukas , Hernández Marta I. , Lázaro Teresa , Zunzunegui-Bru Eva , González-Lezana Tomás , Bretón José , Hernández-Rojas Javier , Echt Olof , Scheier Paul
Published: November 2022

Combined experimental and theoretical investigation of molecular hydrogen attachment to sodium cations at sub-kelvin temperatures.
The effect of electric field on the structural order of water molecules around chitosan between nano gold plates determined by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Le Tue Minh Nhu , Washizu Hitoshi
Published: November 2022

Molecular dynamics simulation was used to classify the different types of water around chitosan based on the tetrahedral order and temperature. The electric field caused the water structure between gold plates to transition from a liquid to an ice phase.
UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE-based metabolomics analysis of Acer mono sap and evaluation of osteogenic activity in mouse osteoblast cells
Authors: Natesan Karthi , Srivalli Thimmarayan , Mohan Harshavardhan , Jayaprakash Arul , Ramalingam Vaikundamoorthy
Published: November 2022

Chemical profiling of Acer mono sap using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE analysis for osteogenic activity.
Recent progress in non-fused ring electron acceptors for high performance organic solar cells
Authors: Gao Huanhuan , Han Chenyang , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: November 2022

The recent progress in non-fused ring electron acceptor-based organic solar cells has been reviewed from the perspective of material design strategies.
Discriminating active sites for the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 by molecular functionalisation of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lee Juyeon , Lee Yesol , Lim June Sung , Kim Sun Woo , Jang Hongje , Seo Bora , Joo Sang Hoon , Sa Young Jin
Published: November 2022

The intrinsic H2O2 electrosynthesis activities of anthraquinone, benzoic acid, and phenol groups on carbon nanotubes were systematically compared.
Correction: Pd-Catalysed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition towards the generation of bioactive bis-heterocycles/identification of COX-2 inhibitors via in silico analysis
Authors: Sathish Elagandhula , Sharma Manmohan , Ansari Arshad J. , Joshi Gaurav , Pandit Akansha , Shukla Monika , Kumari Neha , Sharon Ashoke , Verma Ved Prakash , Sawant Devesh M.
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Pd-Catalysed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition towards the generation of bioactive bis-heterocycles/identification of COX-2 inhibitors via in silico analysis’ by Elagandhula Sathish et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 4746–4752, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2OB00467D.
Advances with metal oxide-based nanoparticles as MDR metastatic breast cancer therapeutics and diagnostics
Authors: Subhan Md Abdus
Published: November 2022

Biomarker targeted therapy approaches for TNBC using metal oxide-based NPs are highly effective and promising.
An electrochemical sensor for flubendiamide insecticide analysis based on chitosan/reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Aghris S. , Azriouil M. , Ettadili F. E. , Loukili A. , Laghrib F. , Farahi A. , Bakasse M. , Lahrich S. , EL Mhammedi M. A.
Published: November 2022

We report a simple, green and cost-effective approach to synthesize high-quality reduced graphene oxide/chitosan composites for determining flubendiamide. Graphene oxide was obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of pencil using a DC supply system.
Four‐branch Siamese network based on sketch‐specific data augmentation for sketch recognition
Authors: Wang Xiuying , Zhao Qiang , Tan Shoubiao
Published: November 2022

The shortened abstract is as follows: Sketch recognition has become an important hotspot issue because of sketch's intuitiveness and visualization. The existing sketch‐recognition methods based on handcrafted features and deep features are insufficient in the recognition of the local information of sketches, and the recognition accuracy is not ideal. Accordingly, this paper proposes a four‐branch Siamese network based on sketch‐specific data augmentation to generate discriminative feature representations and improve the sketch‐recognition accuracy. A sketch is an ordered list of strokes, we adopt the semantic information of strokes as the decomposition criteria to divide a sketch into three disjoint local blocks, and then combine the local blocks in pairs to form three new sketches. In order to give full play to the positive effect of local blocks on category prediction and enhance the fine‐grained capability of the network, three newly generated sketches and the original sketch are combined to construct a four‐branch Siamese network. Each branch network adopts the Sketch‐A‐Net architecture with the fully connected layer removed as the basic network, and we improve it by adding shortcut connection layer and multi‐scale weighted bilinear coding (MWBC) modules. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods, the experimental results on the TU‐Berlin dataset demonstrate the excellent performance of our model.
Efficient electromagnetic analysis of multi‐layer and multi‐scale periodic/quasi‐periodic structures
Authors: Wen Pengfei , Wang Xingjun
Published: November 2022

To increase the electromagnetic analysis efficiency, the fast and memory efficient discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain (DGTD) method, which can simulate expeditiously the multi‐scale and multi‐layer periodic/quasi‐periodic structures, is proposed in this study. For one thing, this method is highly targeted for multi‐layer quasi‐periodic structures. It realises that the quasi‐periodic structure is extended from one layer to multiple layers. At the same time, the unit cells of the structure are no longer the conventional square lattice, and the sizes of different types of unit cells cannot be required for the same. For another, the implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta (ImEx‐RK) time stepping scheme has been widely employed for time integration, which can break the limitation of the Courant–Friedrichs–Levy condition. However, the ImEx‐RK time stepping scheme had been an under‐explored domain in periodic/quasi‐periodic structures, so it was introduced into the memory efficient DGTD method to decrease the simulation time. That is, the electrically coarse and fine subdomains in the multiscale periodic/quasi‐periodic structures can be separated such that implicit schemes can be utilised in the fine subdomains. The correctness and advance of this method are proved by several classical numerical examples.
Modified TMD Factorization and Sub-leading Power Corrections
Authors: Leal-Gomez Sergio , Procura Massimiliano
Published: November 2022

Collinear factorization and transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization are two complementary approaches to perform QCD calculations of Drell-Yan differential cross sections. The former is designed to correctly describe the behavior of the observable at large values of the gauge boson transverse momentum qT, while the latter accounts for non-perturbative effects relevant at small qT. We present basic features and first numerical results of a novel factorization formalism which is related to both previous frameworks and allows for an improved description of the intermediate-qT region.
Weak decays of the double-beauty tetraquark
Authors: Barsbay Birten
Published: November 2022

The spectroscopic parameters and decay channels of the axial-vector tetraquark 213 built of heavy diquark bb and light antidiquark us are explored using QCD sum rule method. Because this state is stable against strong and electromagnetic decays, we consider its semileptonic and nonleptonic decay modes. Partial widths of weak processes TAVb:s¯ → Z0b:s¯ lv¯l and Tb:s¯AV → Z0b:s¯ M are calculated using weak form factors Gi(q2) computed by QCD three-point sum rules: Z0b:s¯ is the scalar tetraquark with quark content bcus¯ and M is a vector meson. The full width and mean lifetime of the tetraquark TAVb:s¯ obtained in this work shed light on features of double-beauty tetraquarks and are useful for their experimental investigations.
Exclusive semileptonic B-meson decays using lattice QCD and unitarity
Authors: Martinelli Guido , Naviglio Manuel , Simula Silvano , Vittorio Ludovico
Published: November 2022

We present the results of the application of the Dispersion Matrix approach to exclusive semileptonic B-meson decays. This method allows to determine the hadronic form factors in a non-perturbative and completely modelindependent way. Starting from lattice results available at large values of the momentum transfer, the behaviour of the form factors in their whole kinematical range is obtained without introducing any parameterization of their momentum dependence. We will focus on the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa matrix elements |Vcb| and |Vub| through the analysis of B(s) → D(s)(*)lv and B(s) → π(K)ℓν decays. New theoretical determinations of the Lepton Flavour Universality ratios relevant for these transitions will be also presented.
A journey through the experimental highlights on heavy-ion physics
Authors: Calivà Alberto
Published: November 2022

Heavy-ion collisions are a unique tool to create in the laboratory the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of strongly-interacting matter where quarks and gluons are deconfined. Significant progress was made over the last years in the understanding of the QGP properties and in the characterization of the phase diagram of QCD matter. In these proceedings, a review of recent experimental highlights on heavy-ion physics from different experiments is presented.
Hadronic ligh-by-light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon: The role of scalar resonances in a holographic model of QCD
Authors: Cappiello Luigi
Published: November 2022

We review the evaluation of scalar mesons contribution to the hadronic light-by-light piece of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, using a holographic model of QCD.We evaluate the contributions of the lightest, sub-GeV scalars σ(500), a0(980) and f0(980) and their associated towers of excited states. Our results point at a negative contribution, overwhelmingly dominated by the σ(500) meson, that we estimate at aμHLbL,S = -9(2)·10-11, in very good agreement with recent determinations from dispersive analyses.
Pseudoscalars and the η′ in the holographic soft-wall model
Authors: Giannuzzi Floriana , Nicotri Stefano
Published: November 2022

Pseudoscalar mesons and glueballs are studied in a model based on the AdS/QCD correspondence. Glueball masses are obtained in the pure-gauge case, while the mixing between pseudoscalar glueballs and singlet pseudoscalar mesons produces the expected mass of the η′ meson. The topological susceptibility is computed as a function of the quark mass. The model reproduces partial conservation of axial current, the anomaly equation, and the Witten-Veneziano relation.
Gravitational coupling of QED and QCD: 3- and 4- point functions in momentum space
Authors: Maglio Matteo Maria , Tommasi Riccardo
Published: November 2022

Conformal symmetry has important consequences for strong interactions at short distances and provides powerful tools for practical calculations. Even if the Lagrangians of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and Electrodynamics (QED) are invariant under conformal transformations, this symmetry is broken by quantum corrections. The signature of the symmetry breaking is encoded in the presence of massless poles in correlators involving stress-energy tensors. We present a general study of the correlation functions 〈TJJ〉 and 〈TTJJ〉 of conformal field theory (CFT) in the flat background limit in momentum space, following a reconstruction method for tensor correlators. Furthermore, our analysis also focuses on studying the dimensional degeneracies of the tensor structures related to these correlators.
Impact of composition on the crystal texture and on the dynamics of P(THF-co-ECH) copolymers
Authors: Maiz Jon , Verde-Sesto Ester , Asenjo-Sanz Isabel , Juranyi Fanni , Pomposo José A. , Arbe Arantxa , Colmenero Juan
Published: November 2022

We present a combined study by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) on poly(tetrahydrofuran-co-epichlorohydrin) copolymers, to see how their composition can be used to tune their crystallizability and to elucidate the impact of this factor on the dynamical properties. QENS reveals a strong effect on the local dynamics upon cooling down, where the local motions of a sample that remains in the supercooled state at lower temperatures are less Gaussian and slower than those in a sample that crystallizes a few degrees below. This can be attributed to the enhancement of local heterogeneities in the former, which could be a determining factor preventing crystallization.
Data reduction strategies at a time-of-flight NSE for a lamellar microemulsion
Authors: Holderer Olaf , Frielinghaus Henrich , Zolnierczuk Piotr , Ohl Michael , Monkenbusch Michael
Published: November 2022

Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy provides the ultimate energy resolution in quasi-elastic thermal and cold neutron scattering spectroscopy. A peculiarity of the SNS-NSE, the only NSE spectrometer at a pulsed beam port at the moment, is that the wavelength spread δλ/λ can be chosen during evaluation with an appropriate time channel binning. The Q-resolution can be adjusted in certain limits a posteriori by choosing the appropriate detector binning (as on a continuous source) and time channel binning. This can be exploited for samples with a strongly varying scattering function S (Q, t), e.g. due to Bragg peaks in a crystal or lamellar ordering in microemulsions. The data reduction software DrSpine allows for appropriate slicing and masking for this task. In this contribution the correlation function of microemulsions, thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, is measured with NSE on length scales where structural correlations are important, and data reduction strategies varying the Q-resolution by pixel and time channel grouping are discussed. The typical ”de Gennes narrowing” or structural narrowing is observed with a relaxation time proportional to I(Q). In these regions of strongly varying intensity it is shown that a too coarse grouping has an influence on the data reduction, with a broadened in Q of the apparent slowing down.
Intracellular molecular dynamics studied by neutron scattering
Authors: Zaccai Giuseppe , Madern Dominique , Franzetti Bruno
Published: November 2022

Incoherent neutron scattering experiments have produced important insights into intracellular molecular dynamics in vivo. Selected results highlight the role of water dynamics in cancer and brain cells, as well as cellular adaptation through the evolution of appropriate molecular dynamics, in order to respond to environmental challenges.
ICE-MAN the Integrated Computational Environment for Modeling and Analysis for Neutrons at ORNL
Authors: Ramirez-Cuesta Anibal , Smith Robert , Mamontov Eugene , Cheng Yongqiang
Published: November 2022

ICE-MAN is a modeling and analysis workbench for multi-modal studies, designed with neutron science in mind. It streamlines the workflow between different experimental techniques, computer modeling, and databases and reduces the time and learning curve needed to access them thus making a holistic approach to data interpretation more amenable and efficient.
A sample holder for simultaneous neutron and dielectric spectroscopy – dielectric tests with glycerol, glycerol-water, water and phosphoric acid
Authors: Frick Bernhard , Fomina Margarita , Noirat David , Hansen Henriette W , Appel Markus , Niss Kristine
Published: November 2022

We report on dielectric test measurements of a rectangular flat sample holder which serves as capacitor and which is aimed for simultaneous neutron and dielectric (n-DE) spectroscopy of acidic liquid samples. We describe technical details of the sample holder assembly and the dielectric and neutron equipment as well as the sample preparation procedure of the air sensitive acidic samples. The sample holder was characterised off-line from the neutron spectrometer by dielectric spectroscopy, but using the standard IN16B cryofurnace with a dielectric sample stick with 4-wire connection and a Novocontrol equipment, previously setup by a collaborative effort between ILL and Roskilde University. Temperature-dependent dielectric scans on standard samples (glycerol, glycerol-water, and Milli-Q water) were measured in the frequency range between 0.27 Hz and 1 MHz. Step-like temperature changes allowed to probe the temperature equilibrium conditions and continuous temperature changes were made to mimic typical IN16B backscattering neutron fixed window scans. Both type of scans were carried out in cooling and in heating. The standard samples show that our dielectric setup with flat sample holder is well suited for simultaneous n-DE-experiments. On the other hand, the dielectric scan on phosphoric acid reveals the limitations of our setup in case of high sample conductivities, but also shows that the DC-conductivity can still be accessed in a sufficiently wide low temperature range where the onset of conductivity can be simultaneously probed with the change in proton dynamics as seen by neutron spectroscopy.
Conceptual design of a radial collimator for MIRACLES, the time-of-flight backscattering spectrometer at the European Spallation Source
Authors: Martínez Roberto , Marko Marton , Conde Alexander , Zugazaga Aitor , Mazkiaran Idoia , del Moral Octavio G. , Harper Giles , Pereira José E.M. , Bordallo Heloisa N. , Villacorta Félix J.
Published: November 2022

A parametrized conceptual design for a radial collimator in a neutron backscattering instrument is presented, with application to the characteristic geometry of the MIRACLES spectrometer, that will be constructed at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The analytic development of this design has considered both the forward scattering (sample-analyzer) and backscattering (analyzer-detectors) pathways. All the characteristic dimensions (internal and external radii, slit angle) and figures of merit (such as transmission and estimated background reduction) of the device are calculated as a function of the focal points. Finally, the estimated performance of the final concept has been validated by Monte Carlo simulations.
Psychotherapie und die Einsamkeit der Sterbenden
Authors: Csef Herbert
Published: November 2022

Früher fand das Sterben überwiegend zu Hause im Familienkreis statt, heute dagegen sterben rund 80 % der Deutschen in Krankenhäusern, Alten- und Pflegeheimen. Um dem einsamen Sterben in Institutionen zu entgehen, wählen viele Menschen „Notausgänge“ wie Suizid, aktive Sterbehilfe oder Suizid-Tourismus. Die neuen Krisen, Konflikte und Leidenszustände im höheren Lebensalter eröffnen sehr viele Aufgabengebiete für Psychotherapeut*innen.
Kann man Einsamkeit behandeln? Eine psychoanalytische Perspektive
Authors: Frevert Pierre E.
Published: November 2022

In den psychotherapeutischen Praxen ist Einsamkeit ein häufiges Thema und seit der Covid-19-Pandemie wurde diesem auch medial breite Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Aber ist Einsamkeit eine diagnostizierbare Störung mit Krankheitswert und Therapiemöglichkeiten? Im Folgenden wird dieser Frage anhand von Definitionen und Forschungsergebnissen nachgegangen. Zudem wird der Begriff der Einsamkeit aus psychoanalytischer Sicht für die Praxis konzeptualisiert.
Einsamkeit – Informationen, Anlaufstellen und Hilfe im Internet
Authors: Abert Sabine
Published: November 2022

Das Thema Einsamkeit hat im Internet zunehmend an Beachtung gewonnen. Von Einsamkeit und sozialer Isolation betroffene Menschen, insbesondere ältere Bürger*innen, finden hier eine Reihe von Initiativen und Hilfsprojekten, die z. B. die digitale Teilhabe oder die nachbarschaftliche Vernetzung fördern. Fachkreise bringen im Internet die Forschung und die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung auf diesem Themengebiet voran.
„Es ist nicht gut, dass der Mensch allein ist“: Zur biblischen Theologie der Einsamkeit
Authors: Steiner Till Magnus
Published: November 2022

Nicht wenige Menschen, die sich einsam fühlen, wenden sich spirituellen Themen zu und suchen Nähe in Glaubensgemeinschaften. Welche Antworten in der Bibel zum Thema Einsamkeit zu finden sind, ist Therapeuten oft nicht bekannt. Der folgende Beitrag nähert sich diesen Fragen für Therapeut*innen und Patienten*innen an.
SOLUS-D – Eine Internet-basierte Selbsthilfeintervention bei chronischer Einsamkeit
Authors: Seewer Noëmi , Skoko Andrej , Krieger Tobias
Published: November 2022

Chronische Einsamkeit geht mit einer Reihe negativer Konsequenzen für die psychische und physische Gesundheit einher. Da chronische Einsamkeit oft mit Schamgefühlen zusammenhängt, bedarf es niederschwelliger Interventionen, um Betroffene zu unterstützen. Nach einer Einleitung zu Internet-basierten Selbsthilfeinterventionen wird das Selbsthilfeprogramm SOLUS-D vorgestellt, das zur Reduktion von chronischer Einsamkeit konzipiert wurde.
Experiences of people living with long-term neurological conditions and using telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland: explorative interviews
Authors: Dummermuth Monique , Keller Fabienne , Smith Lindsay
Published: November 2022

Background Therapy interventions were disrupted by the first lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. An instant change to telerehabilitation had to be implemented by physiotherapists.

Aim Exploration of experiences of individuals living with a long-term neurological condition receiving telerehabilitation physiotherapy interventions during the first lockdown.

Method Persons with a long-term neurological condition were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a local hospital in the German-speaking part of Switzerland during February and March 2021. Semi-structured individual interviews with a phenomenological perspective were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results 4 persons, 2 with multiple sclerosis and 2 with stroke (aged 44–75), were interviewed. There were 3 main themes, of which 2 had 3 subthemes: 1) Living with a neurological condition during a pandemic (daily life without and within a pandemic, symptoms, feelings and attitudes influenced by the pandemic); 2) Therapy experiences (therapeutic relationship, remote therapy, therapy experiences after the first lockdown); and 3) Family and social environment. Synchronous interventions such as live video sessions or live online groups were favored when compared to telephone calls or asynchronous digital interventions. However, for participants, it was equally important to explain how the pandemic influenced them in general.

Conclusion Individuals interviewed appreciated having received therapy during the lockdown, favoring synchronous interventions. However, there are still many unanswered questions about how best to support these populations, and evidence-based recommendations are needed.
Selbsthilfe trifft Einsamkeit
Authors: Matzat Jürgen , Kochbeck Maren
Published: November 2022

Selbsthilfegruppen stehen für Austausch. Indem Menschen zusammentreffen und über ihre Erkrankung, ihr Handicap und ihr soziales Thema mit anderen Betroffenen sprechen, stärken sie sich gegenseitig. Wenn für Selbsthilfegruppen geworben wird, begegnet man häufig dem Slogan: „Gemeinsam statt einsam“ – doch was sind die Hintergründe und Erfahrungen in der Praxis?