bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Proteolytic Bacteria from External Body Part of GIFT Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Wahjuningrum D. , Mayasari L. , Mubarik N.R.
Published: February 2017

The aims of this research were to isolate and identify pathogenic proteolytic bacteria from external body part of GIFT tilapia and to study the role of the selected bacteria. Twenty bacterial isolates that were incubated at room temperature (25-27ºC) revealed proteolytic activity in nutrient agar containing 0.5% skimmed milk. Staphylococcus sp strain T.c2 and Necromonas sp.strain T.s2 isolates from infected tilapia  were selected based on the proteolytic index.  Postulat Koch test showed that Necromonas sp. strain T.s2. was pathogenic bacteria for tilapia and has a high value of proteolytic index.

Keywords : Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, proteolytic bacteria, pathogen.

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri  proteolitik patogen dari bagian eksternal ikan nila strain GIFT serta untuk mempelajari peranan dari bakteri proteolitik terpilih.  Duapuluh isolat bakteri yang diinkubasi pada suhu ruang (25-27ºC) menunjukkan aktivitas proteolitik dalam media agar yang mengandung 0,5% susu skim. Berdasarkan indeks proteolitik tertinggi, diidentifikasi dua isolat yaitu Staphylococcus sp. strain T.c2 dan Necromonas sp. .strain T.s2 dari ikan nila yang terinfeksi.  Uji Postulat Koch menunjukkan bahwa isolat Necromonas sp.strain T.s2  bersifat patogen bagi ikan nila dan memiliki indeks proteolitik yang tinggi.

Kata kunci : Ikan nila, Oreochromis niloticus, bakteri proteolitik, patogen.
Gonad Maturity of Coconut Crab (Birgus latro) in Pasoso Island, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Sulistiono . , Refiani Suzana , Tantu Fadly Y. , Muslihuddin .
Published: February 2017

Study on gonad maturity of coconut crab (Birgus latro) was carried out from June 2004 to January 2005.  Crabs were collected by some gears such as trap, net and by hand. Observation was done to know sex ratio, gonad maturity and eggs diameter, while analysis was employed to estimate condition factor, gonado somatic index and fecundity.  Observation result showed that condition factor, gonad maturity and gonado somatic index varied depending on sampling month. Gonado somatic index showed a high value around November/December.  A similar result was also showed by condition factor and gonado somatic index that was high around November /December. Fecundity varied from 58.717 to 197.400. Oocyte diameter varied from 0,015 to 0,035 mm,  had one mode that is clasified to be a total spawner.

Keywords :  Gonad maturity, coconut crab (Birgus latro), total spawner.

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian tentang kematangan gonad kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) dilakukan sejak Juni 2004 sampai Februari 2005.  Sampel kepiting ditangkap dengan menggunakan beberapa peralatan, yaitu perangkap, jaring dan secara langsung dengan tangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jenis kelamin, kematangan gonad dan diameter telur, sedangkan analisis dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor kondisi, indeks kematangan gonad, dan fekunditas.  Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa faktor kondisi, kematangan gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad bervariasi tergantung dari bulan pengambilan contoh. Pengamatan kematangan gonad menunjukkan bahwa nilai tertinggi terdapat pada November/Desember.  Keadaan yang sama juga ditunjukkan dengan nilai faktor kondisi dan indeks kematangan gonad yang cukup tinggi pada bulan November /Desember. Fekunditas berkisar antara 58.717-197.400 butir telur. Diameter telur berkisar antara 0,015-0,035 mm,  memiliki 1 puncak sehingga dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai total spawner.

Kata kunci :  Kematangan gonad, kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro), total spawner.
The Effect of Cirata Reservoir Sediment on Early Developmental Stage of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Embryo
Authors: Pujihastuti Yuni , Nirmala K. , Effendi I.
Published: February 2017

Sedimentation at Cirata reservoir may directly and indirectly influence fish particularly fish which have an adhesive characteristic at its early developmental stage such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Sample of sediment was collected from Cirata reservoir using Eikmand dredge at a depth of 80 m. The sample was subsequently centrifuged at 5500 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant obtained was then used for toxicity test on common carp at early developmental stage. In this test, four treatments were applied based on the concentration of sediment supernatant, namely: 0, 8.33, 16.60 and 24.90 %. The results showed that a higher sediment supernatant concentration resulted in lower egg yolk absorption rate, lower relative growth rate in length, lower egg yolk efficiency and higher egg and larval abnormality.  Higher sediment supernatant concentration also resulted in lower hatching percentage of common carp larva. The damage of eggs and larval morphologies in treatments with sediment supernatant was likely caused by the presence Pb and organic matters which act in synergy.

Keywords :  sediment, Cirata, embryo, common carp

 

ABSTRAK

Sedimentasi di Waduk Cirata secara langsung dan tidak langsung akan berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan ikan khususnya tahap awal perkembangan ikan yang bersifat adhesiveseperti ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio).  Sampel sedimen waduk Cirata diambil dengan Eikmand dredge pada kedalaman 80 m.  Hasil ekstrak di sentrifugasi dengan kecepatan 5500 rpm selama 10 menit untuk diambil air pori sedimennya.  Air pori digunakan sebagai bahan uji toksisitas terhadap perkembangan awal ikan mas dengan perlakuan 0; 8,33; 16,60 dan 24,90 %. Hasil uji toksisitas diperoleh bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi air pori dari sediment maka semakin rendah laju penyerapan kuning telur Laju pertumbuhan relatif panjang embrio pada berbagai konsentrasi juga diperoleh bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi air sedimen maka semakin rendah laju pertumbuhan relatif panjang embrio Efesiensi pemanfaatan kuning telur menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi air pori sedimen maka semakin rendah efesiensi kuning telurnya.  Semakin tinggi konsentrasi air pori sediment maka semakin tinggi pula abnormalitas telur dan larva ikan mas.  Rata-rata derajat penetasan telur menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi air pori maka semakin rendah derajat penetasan telurnya.  Berdasarkan kerusakan morfologi telur dan larva pada perlakuan diduga yang berpengaruh adalah timbal dan bahan organik yang bekerja secara sinergis. 

Kata kunci : sedimen, Cirata, embrio, ikan mas
The effect of endosulfan bioaccumulation on the growth of carp, Cyprinus carpio LINN.
Authors: Taufik Imam , Supriyono E. , Nirmala K.
Published: February 2017

This research was done in order to determine the effect of endosulfan biaccumulation on the growth of carp (Cyprinus carpio). This research was conducted in 40 l of glass aquaria, the initial weight of carp was 0.81±0.098 g/fish, and the pesticide endosulfan with active ingredient of 350 g/l was used as test solution. Preliminary research was conducted with bioassay test to assess  LC50-96h of endosulfan for  carp, and then the fish were exposed to some series of exposure concentration, those are  10; 30; and 50% of LC50-96h value or 0.24; 0.72; and 1.2 mg/l for 12 weeks. Endosulfan residue analysis in the water and the body of the fish was conducted after: 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144, 192, 264 of exposure hours by using liquid gas chromatography (LGC). Body weight of fish was measured weekly. This study resulted that endosulfan was very toxic to the carp with LC50-96h value was 2.42 (2.206-2.652) mg/l. Endosulfan bioaccumulation of exposure concentration of  0.24; 0.72; and 1.20 mg/l were 67.93; 119.21; and 141.19 mg/kg respectively. Bioaccumulation of 119,21mg/kg   significantly inhibit the growth of carp.

Keywords: endosulfan, bioaccumulation, growth, carp

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh biakumulasi insektisida endosulfan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan mas. Wadah penelitian berupa akuarium kaca, hewan uji adalah ikan mas berukuran 0,81±0,098 g/ekor, bahan uji berupa formulasi insektisida dengan bahan aktif endosulfan 350 g/l. penelitian diawali dengan uji hayati untuk menentukan nilai LC50-96 jam endosulfan terhadap ikan mas, selanjutnya dilakukan pemaparan ikan mas selama 12 minggu dalam air dengan konsentrasi endosulfan yang berbeda, yaitu: 10, 30, dan 50% dari nilai LC50-96 jam atau sebesar 0,24; 0,72; dan 1,20  mg/l. Analisis residu endosulfan dalam sample air dan ikan dilakukan setelah waktu pemaparan 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144, 192, dan 264 jam dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas cair (GC), pengukuran bobot ikan dilakukan setiap minggu dengan menimbang berat total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insektisida endosulfan sangat toksik terhadap ikan mas dengan nilai LC50-96 jam sebesar 2,42 (2,206-2,652) mg/l, bioakumulasi endosulfan pada konsentrasi perlakuan 0,24; 0,72; dan 1,20 mg/l secara berturut-turut adalah 67.93; 119,21; and 141,19 mg/kg. Bioakumulasi sebesar 119,21mg/kg secara nyata menghambat pertumbuhan ikan mas.

Kata kunci: endosulfan, bioakumulasi, pertumbuhan, ikan mas
Festival 1000 Tumpeng: Komodifikasi Tradisi, Pariwisata, dan ‘Territoriality’di Gunung Kelud
Authors: Alfath Edlin Dahniar , Permana Yogi Setya
Published: February 2017

This research explains how tradition can be modified for tourism and political purposes. The tradition that will be elaborated in this essay is "Festival 1000 Tumpeng Kelud". This festival adapts tradional Javanese cultural ceremony. The commodification of tradition is associated with the development of tourism in the area of Kelud Mountain, East Java. Furthermore, tourims activity in Kelud Mountain is part of strategy to defend particular territory in a disputed area. This is ethnography research with qualitative data and descriptive analysis, located in Sugihwaras village. Key informants of this research are special figure in society whom considered as person who can communicate with Kelud Mountain, society representative, BMKG officers, and Village officials. This essay concludes that there are three layers purposes of convening "Festival 1000 Tumpeng" initiated by the government of Kediri namely preservation of traditions and gratitude expression to God, tourism promotion, and politics of territoriality related to disputed area with Blitar Regency.
Kegagalan pemaknaan “Lembaga Musawarah Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Desa”dalam mewujudkan deepening democracy
Authors: Tresiana Novita , Duadji Noverman
Published: February 2017

Government’s failure in the provision of public goods and ideas deepening democracy were considered as a panacea for the success of rural development. The objective of this research is to describe the village development planning in achieving policy production and to find essential elements in attempt to realize a superior deliberative policy. This research uses qualitative method. Research conducted in Southern Lampung, the Province of Lampung. Initial description obtained by understanding the meaning of emic and cross-subject inverstigation by comparing concept (theory), interpretation, and deliberative substantive policy theory formulation. Informant for this research consist of head of village and village officers, subdistrict head and its staff, SKPD in Southern Lampung Regency and chief and officers of provincial assembly; (2) elit and political party figures, Non-governmental organization and choosen villagers; (3) businessmen and local group interest and (4) academician. Data gathered through: 1) Observation; (2) In-depth interview; (3) Document; and 4) Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data analyzedd by Miles and Huberman interactive analysis. This paper reveals that the village development planning was seen as a goal, when it was just a selected tool or process. Essential elements required to achieve public policy excellence: by strengthening the institutional capacity of the government through new dialogue space and community engagement through deliberative forum. It requires commitment, active community involvement, citizens’ trust, and social networks.
The Creation of a Conscious Machine
Authors: Tardy Jean E.
Published: February 2017

The Meca Sapiens project follows a Top-down process to develop the conceptual foundations of synthetic consciousness.

The Creation of a Conscious Machine corresponds to the Requirements and Specifications document of this process. It describes the extraordinary intellectual benefits to be gained from the implementation of conscious machines.

It surveys historical attempts to define and implement machine intelligence and the insights they reveal. In particular, it examines the Turing Test is analyzed in detail through multiple variations and finds it to be both excessive and insufficient as a measure of machine intelligence. The text concludes by introducing a new understanding of consciousness as an observable system capability that can be expressed as specification objectives that are compatible with software implementation.

This understanding is the basis for The Meca Sapiens Blueprint, a complete System Architecture to implement synthetic consciousness using conventional computers and standard techniques.
The Creation of a Conscious Machine
Authors: Tardy Jean E.
Published: February 2017

The Meca Sapiens project follows a Top-down process to develop the conceptual foundations of synthetic consciousness.

The Creation of a Conscious Machine corresponds to the Requirements and Specifications document of this process. It describes the extraordinary intellectual benefits to be gained from the implementation of conscious machines. It surveys historical attempts to define and implement machine intelligence and the insights they reveal. In particular, it examines the Turing Test is analyzed in detail through multiple variations and finds it to be both excessive and insufficient as a measure of machine intelligence.

The text concludes by introducing a new understanding of consciousness as an observable system capability that can be expressed as specification objectives that are compatible with software implementation. This understanding is the basis for The Meca Sapiens Blueprint, a complete System Architecture to implement synthetic consciousness using conventional computers and standard techniques.
Determinants of sustainable business model of companies early stage of development
Authors: Jabłoński Marek
Published: February 2017

The paper presents the findings of research on companies in the early stage of development based on the concept of ensuring their sustainability. The starting point is attributes shaping a sustainable model of start-ups. A solution has been proposed and examined that identifies the factors dynamising a business model, which give the company the ability to make fast changes in the configuration of the business model, and that applies stabilizing factors based on the concept of the Triple Bottom Line. The research problem is a response to the phenomena of the bankruptcy of many start-ups that cannot find a way to survive in the long term. The business models of companies in the early stage of development should be designed taking into account the possibility of their dynamic and iterative changes when the earlier assumptions do not work when implemented in practice. A cognitive gap has been observed as the relevant literature does not propose a systemic solution to the problem of instability of the startups viewed from the perspective of the business model concept. The research problem, therefore, is to identify potential new methods to ensure the sustainability of young companies trying to combine aspects dynamising changes in business models, taking into account economic, environmental and social aspects. The findings of research on companies in the early stage of development show that when the methods of increasing the flexibility of the business model are applied and attention is drawn to environmental and social activities and a strong emphasis is put on financial performance, reflecting the expectations of shareholders, the concept of ensuring the sustainability of young companies from the point of view of sustainable business model attributes emerges.
PHB Production in Biofermentors Assisted through Biosensor Applications
Authors: Poltronieri Palmiro , Mezzolla Valeria , D'Urso Oscar Fernando
Published: February 2017

Polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers synthesized in cytoplasmic granules in bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator (Ralstonia eutropha), Alcaligenes latus, Pseudomonas spp., Comamonas spp. and other species. PHAs accumulation occurs in response to stress conditions, i.e. under high carbon and low nitrogen (24:1 ratio). PHA can be synthesized using recombinant microorganisms (provided with the operon phbA/phbB/phbC), escaping the constrains of nutrient request, except addition of high amount of sugar (glucose, lactose, fructose). In this study; E. coli was genetically modified for PHB production in biofermentors. The production of PHA at industrial scale requires a continuous supplementation of fermentable sugars to support the availability of nutrients and to assess the level of the exponential growth phase; since sugars are required either for bacterial growth either for PHA synthesis and energy storage. The biofermentors need to be run in automated system. Sensors are used at many points in fermentators; in the evaluation of parameters: consumption of sugars; cell density; quantification of PHB synthesis. The need of operational control during the fermentation has prompted us to application of three measurements; one unit linked to a Nanodrop to evaluate OD; one linked to a reaction chamber to measure sugars consumed by enzyme based fluorescence detection; and one for bacteria Nile Blue staining and fluorescence intensity reads. The growth of bacteria on three different plant by-products was monitored and PHB production in four days using a banana by-product feed was optimised. These detectors will make possible to exploit the full potential of bioreactors optimizing the time of use and maximizing the number of bacteria synthesizing PHA.
Estresse de transporte em cascudos amazônicos ornamentais Cochliodon sp. (L145) e Hypostomus sp. (L28) (LORICARIIDAE)
Authors: NEVES Mikaelle de Souza , COUTO Márcia Valéria Silva , SOUSA Natalino Costa , SANTOS Rudã Fernandes Brandão , TAVARES-DIAS Marcos , FUJIMOTO Rodrigo Yudi
Published: February 2017

Neste estudo avaliou-se a resposta hematológica dos acaris ornamentais Cochliodon sp. (L145) e Hypostomus sp. (L28) ao estresse de transporte.  Foram determinados o eritrograma, leucograma, trombograma, ní­­veis de glicose e proteí­­nas plasmáticas totais (PPT) em 0, 6, 24, 48 e 72 horas após um transporte simulado de 3 horas. Para o hemograma controle (basal) o sangue foi coletado imediatamente no local de captura dos peixes sob o mí­­nimo de estresse possí­­vel.  Cochliodon sp. mostrou redução no número de eritrócitos totais após 6 e 24 horas do estresse de transporte, e aumento da glicose após 6 horas. Em Hypostomus sp. houve hipoglicemia após 6 horas de transporte e ao mesmo tempo aumento do volume corpuscular médio (VCM) pós estresse. Neste estudo observou-se diferenças na resposta ao estresse entre os peixes estudados, pois Hypostomus sp. apresentou maior resistência em comparação a Cochliodon sp. quando submetido ao estresse de transporte.
Ciclo testicular de Devario aequipinnatus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae): um potencial modelo biológico em experimentação animal
Authors: CHAGAS Jumma Miranda Araújo , NINHAUS-SILVEIRA Alexandre , VERÍSSIMO-SILVEIRA Rosicleire
Published: February 2017

O presente estudo descreve a estrutura, fases de maturação testicular e espermatogênese de Devario aequipinnatus, uma espécie com grande potencial de utilização como modelo biológico em experimentação animal. D. aequipinnatus possui o testí­­culo tubular anastomosado com distribuição espermatogonial irrestrita. Foram observadas quatro fases de maturação testicular, com base nas alterações do epitélio germinativo testicular associado aos estágios das células germinativas presentes: Maturação Inicial, Maturação Intermediária, Maturação Final e Regressão. Devido í­Â  proximidade filogenética, a morfologia testicular do D aequipinnatus é semelhante aos demais Cypriní­­deos, a exemplo, zebrafish (Danio rerio), o que corrobora com a hipótese da utilização do D aequipinnatus como modelo biológico em experimentação animal.
Análise de Ciclo de Vida para avaliar a cadeia produtiva do pescado consumido no estado da Bahia (Brazil).
Authors: RODRIGUES Eduardo Rômulo Nunes , MEDEIROS Diego Lima , MENDONÇA André de Almeida , MARCOLIN Catarina da Rocha , ALBINATI Ricardo Castelo Branco , FRANKE Carlos Roberto
Published: February 2017

Avaliamos a cadeia produtiva do pescado consumido no Estado da Bahia utilizando a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Estimamos os consumos e emissões associados í­Â  logí­­stica e ao processamento do peixe. O Potencial de Aquecimento Global (PAG) foi calculado com base na quantidade de Gases Efeito Estufa (GEE) indicadas por kg de CO2eq para cada kg de peixe processado foram: 0,020 - eletricidade; 0,003 í  consumo de água; 0,0029 í  efluentes; 0,160 e 1,495 í  resí­­duos sólidos para os peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente, e 0,871 e 1,007 í  transporte refrigerado dos peixes eviscerados e filetados, respectivamente. O somatório do impacto das emissões de GEE foram 1,058 e 2,529 kg de CO2eq por kg de peixe eviscerado e filetado, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que é possí­­vel reduzir o PAG do transporte refrigerado com o aumento da produção local de peixe e redução das importações, especialmente considerando o potencial hí­­drico da Bahia. Entretanto, a produção sustentável requer a adoção e desenvolvimento de tecnologias para reduzir os impactos ambientais do tratamento dos resí­­duos sólidos da etapa de processamento.
Ictiofauna acompanhante da pesca de arrasto para embarcações acima de 45 hp no litoral do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: SANTOS Lilyane de Oliveira , CATTANI André Pereira , SPACH Henry Louis
Published: February 2017

A pesca de arrasto de camarões é considerada muito impactante aos sistemas bentônicos por ser pouco seletiva. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a ictiofauna acompanhante da pesca de arrasto das embarcações com potência acima de 45 HP. Foram realizadas amostragens mensais, entre agosto de 2000 e julho de 2001 para barco e agosto de 2004 e julho de 2005 para bote no litoral do Paraná. Foram capturados, com barco e bote, 45.277 e 57.387 peixes, respectivamente. Com ambas embarcações foram capturaram 99 táxons. A famí­­lia Sciaenidae foi a mais representativa em número de espécies e indiví­­duos. Houve diferenças na ictiofauna entre as estações do ano e entre as áreas ao sul e ao norte da desembocadura do Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá tanto para barco como para bote. As diferentes frotas atuam sobre o mesmo recurso, mas incidem de maneira distinta com relação í­Â  riqueza de espécies e abundí­¢ncia ictiofauna acompanhante e medidas de gestão, como a implementação de dispositivos de redução da captura acidental, devem levar em consideração as caracterí­­sticas não somente da embarcação mas também do petrecho de pesca utilizado.
Caracterização sazonal das águas do sistema estuarino do Caeté (Bragança-PA)
Authors: MOURA Hanna Tereza Garcia de Sousa , NUNES Zélia Maria Pimentel
Published: February 2017

Investigou-se o efeito das marés de sizí­­gia na qualidade fí­­sica, quí­­mica e biológica da água de canais-de-maré, considerando a sazonalidade regional e a distribuição espacial do furo do Taici e do furo da Estiva no estuário do Caeté. As variáveis abióticas foram determinadas in situ durante o ciclo diurno da maré. Os nutrientes e a clorofilaí a foram determinados por espectrofotometria. Em Taici houve aumento significativo da salinidade (18,57Â±2,78) e do nitrito (12,93Â±7,92 ÂµM) no perí­­odo seco, enquanto que no chuvoso foram registradas elevadas turbidez (>900UNT) e clorofila-a (12,09Â±5,72 Âµg.L-1). Em Estiva, a salinidade apresentou valores distintos no perí­­odo seco (36,84Â±1,37) e no chuvoso (21,56Â±5,54). Na enchente foram registrados valores de pH (7,72Â±0,18) e oxigênio dissolvido (6,62Â±0,54 mg.L-1) superiores aos da vazante. Os valores da temperatura (29,26Â±1,08 Â°C), fosfato (1,73Â±1,43 ÂµM) e clorofila-a (33,6Â±14,74 Âµg.L-1) foram mais elevados na vazante. O furo da Estiva sofreu influência de águas costeiras, e o do Taici, influência da drenagem do manguezal.
Composição das capturas na pesca de atuns e afins em cardumes associados no atlí­¢ntico oeste equatorial
Authors: SILVA Guelson Batista da , HAZIN Humberto Gomes , MOURATO Bruno Leite , HAZIN Fábio Hissa Vieira , FONTELES-FILHO. Antônio Adauto
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição das capturas na pesca de atuns e afins em cardumes associados no Atlí­¢ntico Oeste Equatorial, realizadas por parte da frota sediada no Municí­­pio de Areia Branca, RN. Para tanto foram acompanhados 109 desembarques nos cais pesqueiros da cidade, oriundos de nove embarcações com comprimento total médio de 13,4 m, no perí­­odo entre junho de 2010 e maio de 2013. Além disso, também foram realizados nove embarques no perí­­odo de fevereiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2012, durante os quais foi realizada a biometria das principais espécies capturadas. Os desembarques totalizaram 691.533 kg (6.344,3 kg em média Â± desvio padrão de 292,7 kg) de pescado, com predominí­¢ncia de albacora-bandolim e albacora-laje, além de outras espécies como o dourado, agulhão-negro, bonito-listrado, cavala-empinge, peixe-rei e ocorrências esporádicas de outros peixes, como o espadarte e o cangulo.
Fração solúvel de hidrolisado proteico de sardinha na alimentação do jundiá
Authors: VENTURIN André , GONÇALVES André Fernando Nascimento , OLIVEIRA Nandara Soares de , SKORONSKI Everton , PESSATTI Marcos Luiz , FABREGAT Thiago El Hadi Perez
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão da fração solúvel do hidrolisado proteico de sardinha sobre a estabilidade das dietas e a excreção de amônia de juvenis de jundiá. Foram elaboradas sete dietas experimentais com as frações solúveis dos hidrolisados de músculo e ví­­sceras de sardinha. A determinação da estabilidade do pellet na água foi medida em intervalos de tempo diferentes (5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 1 h e 1,5 h). A determinação de amônia total foi realizada a cada cinco horas. Como resultado do teste de estabilidade foi detectado diferença significativa somente no perí­­odo de 5 minutos, onde a dieta contendo 20% de hidrolisado solúvel de musculo teve maior taxa de lixiviação em comparação com a dieta controle. A partir de 10 horas de observação, a concentração de amônia foi maior no controle em relação aos outros tratamentos. O hidrolisado proteico de resí­­duo de sardinha tem grande potencial para ser utilizado nas rações do jundiá, melhorando a eficiência ambiental das dietas. A inclusão de até 10% da fração solúvel de hidrolisados de músculo e de ví­­sceras de sardinha não afeta a estabilidade das dietas, além de diminuir a excreção de amônia.
Aspectos reprodutivos de mexilhões (Bivalvia, Mollusca) no complexo estuarino de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: CHRISTO Susete Wambier , FERREIRA-JUNIOR Augusto Luiz , ABSHER Theresinha Monteiro
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho teve como finalidade estudar o perí­­odo reprodutivo dos mariscos (Mytella guyanensis e Mytella charruana) no Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá (CEP). Foram coletados mensalmente 30 indiví­­duos adultos de cada espécie durante agosto de 1999 a julho de 2000. Os indiví­­duos foram mensurados, pesados e abertos mecanicamente pela secção dos músculos adutores. Posteriormente foram identificados o sexo e o estágio reprodutivo e calculados os í­­ndices de condição (IC) e o rendimento da carne (R). Os dados do IC indicaram média de 13,25 % (Â± 6,95) para M. guyanensis e de 17,65 % (Â± 12,11) para M. charruana. Para o R, observou-se média de 43,68 % (Â± 10,15) para M. guyanensis e de 51, 22 % 28 (Â± 8,64) para M. charruana. Os estudos da reprodução permitem concluir que a eliminação de gametas ocorre parcialmente para as duas espécies, com dois perí­­odos mais elevados de desova no ano.
Abject Poverty and Multiple Deprivations in Rural India Based on SECC 2011 in Comparison with NSSO and NFHS: Summary Findings Analyzed
Authors: Abraham Joseph
Published: February 2017

This paper analyzes latest findings from the recently completed Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011(SECC2011), by focusing on rural abject poverty and multi-dimensionality of it by the pre-set seven deprivation parameters across rural India .As per schema of SECC2011 for analyzing the various facets of multi-dimensional poverty, firstly one set of households will be excluded on the basis of 13 automatic exclusion parameters, and subsequently another set of households will be automatically included on the basis of five parameters and finally the remaining set would be subjected to verifications by seven deprivations.  Thereby, the SECC 2011 had set in motion an effort to capture some specifics of multidimensional poverty as desired by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) in the Government of India.  It is surmised here that the union of automatically included and deprived households will provide a base line of the number of poor through a multi-dimensional mode. The intersection of automatically included households with the seven deprivations variables will also identify the socio economic characteristics of the   abjectly poor. Besides presenting the above analysis of SECC data, an attempt is made to compare these findings with those based on the unidimensional National Sample Survey (NSSO) poverty ratios ( by S.Tendulker 2009, C Rangarajan 2012) and multi-dimensional (R. Radhakrishna et al 2010) NFHS data based studies.  A separate set of multi-dimensional poverty numbers were arrived at in the past  for three Five Year Plans (1992-97, 1997- 02, 2002-07) through the Below Poverty Line (BPL) Censuses that were under taken by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) to identify the poor households through  the State/UT Governments. These later estimates of poor households were never permitted to exceed the official poverty ratio worked out by the Planning Commission for respective State/UT governments. The concepts used to arrive at these poor households will be briefly reviewed here as a prelude to explaining the modes operandi of identifying multi dimensional poverty via SECC 2011. A committee was set in up in February  2013 under the Chairmanship of Abhijit Sen , then Planning Commission Member, to examine the SECC indicators for data analysis, to recommend appropriate methodologies for determining classes of beneficiaries for different rural development programmes. Some of the recommendations of the committee would also be put to scrutiny. 
Strategic Green HRM – The Integration of Environmental Management into HRM with reference to one of the Healthcare Industry
Authors: Yadav Shikha
Published: February 2017

This paper studies one of the healthcare industry of India “Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited” which is ranked at 352 amongst the world’s largest 500 companies on corporate sustainability and environmental impact according to Newsweek in 2016. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries limited is the only company in the healthcare sector in India which has been listed as one of the Green companies in India. This paper mainly focuses on understanding and analysing the Green initiatives as a part of Corporate social responsibility (CSR) taken by the company which makes it the green company in India in Healthcare sector.

The green scores of the company has also increased by 4% compared to the previous year (2015), which shows that the company is always striving to incorporate strategic Green HRM. Strategic Green HRM is one of the growing innovative approaches which promotes the sustainable use of resources of the business organisation and thus integrates environmental management into HRM.
Histological Evidence of Muscle Degeneration in Advanced Human Rotator Cuff Disease
Authors: Gibbons Michael C. , Singh Anshu , Anakwenze Oke , Cheng Timothy , Pomerantz Maxwill , Schenk Simon , Engler Adam J. , Ward Samuel R.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Cellular remodeling in rotator cuff muscles following a massive rotator cuff tear is poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to provide histological evidence to elucidate the mode of muscle loss in advanced human rotator cuff disease and to assess tissue-level changes in relation to findings on noninvasive imaging.

Methods:

Rotator cuff muscle biopsy samples were taken from the scapular fossae from 23 consecutive patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in order to evaluate muscle composition in severe rotator cuff disease. Markers of vascularity; inflammation; fat distribution; and muscle atrophy, degeneration, and regeneration were quantified.

Results:

The samples primarily consisted of dense, organized connective tissue (48.2% ± 19.1%) and disorganized, loose connective tissue (36.9% ± 15.9%), with substantially smaller fractions of muscle (10.4% ± 22.0%) and fat (6.5% ± 11.6%). Only 25.8% of the biopsy pool contained any muscle fibers at all. Increased inflammatory cell counts (111.3 ± 81.5 macrophages/mm2) and increased vascularization (66.6 ± 38.0 vessels/mm2) were observed across biopsies. Muscle fiber degeneration was observed in 90.0% ± 15.6% of observable muscle fascicles, and the percentage of centrally nucleated muscle fibers was pathologically elevated (11.3% ± 6.3%). Fat accumulation was noted in both perifascicular (60.7% ± 41.4%) and intrafascicular (42.2% ± 33.6%) spaces, with evidence that lipid may replace contractile elements without altering muscle organization.

Conclusions:

Dramatic degeneration and inflammation of the rotator cuff muscles are characteristics of the most chronic and severe rotator cuff disease states, suggesting that muscle loss is more complicated than, and distinct from, the simple atrophy found in less severe cases.

Clinical Relevance:

In order to address degenerative muscle loss, alternative therapeutic approaches directed at muscle regeneration must be considered if muscle function is to be restored in late-stage rotator cuff disease.
Complications of Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Bohsali Kamal I. , Bois Aaron J. , Wirth Michael A.
Published: February 2017

Update

This article was updated on May 17, 2017, because of a previous error. On page 256, the sentence that had read “The current analysis revealed a total of 19,262 TSAs and RSAs at a mean follow-up of 40.3 months in 122 studies, with an overall complication rate of 7.4% (2,122 complications)3-124” now reads “The current analysis revealed a total of 19,262 TSAs and RSAs at a mean follow-up of 40.3 months in 122 studies, with an overall complication rate of 11% (2,122 complications)3-124.”

An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 June 21;99(12):e67.

The most common complications after reverse shoulder arthroplasty in order of decreasing frequency included instability, periprosthetic fracture, infection, component loosening, neural injury, acromial and/or scapular spine fracture, hematoma, deltoid injury, rotator cuff tear, and venous thromboembolism (VTE).

The most common complications after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in order of decreasing frequency were component loosening, glenoid wear, instability, rotator cuff tear, periprosthetic fracture, neural injury, infection, hematoma, deltoid injury, and VTE.

Glenoid component wear and loosening remain a common cause of failure after anatomic TSA, despite advances in surgical technique and implant design.

Diagnostic confirmation of infection after shoulder arthroplasty remains a challenge. In the setting of a painful and stiff shoulder after arthroplasty, the surgeon should have a heightened suspicion for infection. Inflammatory markers may be normal, radiographs may be inconclusive, and prosthetic joint aspiration may be negative for a causative organism.
Semelhanças entre a ficção jurídica e a ficção literária: os processos judiciais enquanto narrativas ancoradas na realidade
Authors: Ferreira Jr. Ednaldo Silva
Published: February 2017

As intersecções entre o direito e a literatura têm sido objeto dos mais variados estudos, com os mais diversos enfoques. No entanto, ainda são poucos, no Brasil, os escritos sobre o uso de conceitos típicos da teoria literária para estudar o direito, e vice-versa. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho busca analisar o quanto as narrativas processuais se assemelham às narrativas literárias, de maneira tal que os processos judiciais constituem verdadeiras ficções ancoradas na realidade.
Direito e literatura: reflexões interdisciplinares a partir da obra "The Children Act", de Ian McEwan
Authors: Escoza Cássia
Published: February 2017

Este estudo aborda o romance The Children Act (2014), de Ian McEwan, e procura analisar como o autor reconstrói discursivamente a esfera jurídica no campo ficcional. A sondagem das relações entre realidade e ficção viabiliza questionamentos sobre referências sociais, especialmente da maneira pela qual a narrativa produz sentidos no âmbito sociocultural e recria a política econômica da atualidade. Além disso, o artigo verifica a relevância da literatura como possibilidade de reflexão crítica sobre o Direito.
Federalismo e meridionalismo nel "Cristo si è fermato a Eboli" di Carlo Levi
Authors: Vespaziani Alberto
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo está centrado na relação entre a cultura federal e o problema meridional em um texto clássico da literatura italiana, Cristo parou em Eboli, de Carlo Levi. A explanação se articula em quatro partes: primeiramente, resume-se o caráter centralista da cultura jurídica dominante na Itália e, em seguida, analisa-se a gênese da obra-prima de Levi; na terceira parte, são evidenciados os temas político-constitucionais que surgem do romance, e, por fim, conclui-se discutindo a relação ambivalente entre os vários tipos de censura que atingiram o autor e a genealogia heroica de sua história.
Non-gaussianity of the critical 3d Ising model
Authors: Rychkov Slava , Simmons-Duffin David , Zan Bernardo
Published: February 2017

We discuss the 4pt function of the critical 3d Ising model, extracted
from recent conformal bootstrap results. We focus on the non-gaussianity
QQ
– the ratio of the 4pt function to its gaussian part given by three Wick
contractions. This ratio reveals significant non-gaussianity of the
critical fluctuations. The bootstrap results are consistent with a
rigorous inequality due to Lebowitz and Aizenman, which limits
QQ
to lie between 1/31/3
and 11.
Direct potable reuse – a feasible water management option
Authors: Lahnsteiner J. , van Rensburg P. , Esterhuizen J.
Published: February 2017

Direct potable reuse (DPR) can be more economic than indirect potable reuse as no environmental buffer is needed and conveyance and blending of the purified water with other potable sources is basically less expensive. Long-term experience in Windhoek (48 years) shows that treated domestic sewage can be safely and cost-efficiently utilized for potable reclamation (0.72 €/m3). A multiple barrier strategy is employed in order to attain the highest possible safety levels. There are three types of barriers: non-treatment, treatment and operational barriers. In recent years, new DPR schemes have been implemented in South Africa and in the USA, and the major difference between all the new reclamation processes and the Windhoek New Goreangab water reclamation plant lies in the employment of desalination process units. This topic and other issues, such as the use of ozone and biological activated carbon filtration, are addressed. Reclamation process optimization (increase in sustainability) and the attainment of greater public acceptance are the major challenges facing the promotion of DPR, which should become a common and widely used water management option within the next 5–10 years.
Event Tree Analysis of Xinda Oil Pipeline Leakage Based on Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Wang Di , Liu Enbin , Huang Liyu
Published: February 2017

Event tree is a logical analysis of probability for outcome events by initiating event and probable subsequent events. However, the evaluation of every single event may contain vague information or cannot be described by a crisp number of probabilities in application. So this paper aims to develop an event tree by using fuzzy set theory with a combination of triangle membership function and trapezoidal membership function to quantify the vagueness of information and calculate the outcome probability. Through the analysis of an oil pipeline leakage accident, the method provided is fully used and the expansion of accident can be tracked through different paths of event tree.
Revision of Echocardiographic Indications and Findings in Neurologically Ill Patients
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Wegner Christian , Finsterer Josef
Published: February 2017

Background and Objective:

Little is known about the general indications for echocardiography and the prevalence of abnormalities detected by echocardiography in patients who are referred from a neurological department. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT) is associated with neuromuscular disorders and embolism. The aim of the study was to assess the indications for echocardiography in patients from a neurological department and to review the cine-loops of the examinations in order to assess the frequency of abnormal echocardiographic findings with special regard to LVHT.

Methods and Results:

Included were 126 patients, 58 females (mean age 65 years). Indications were stroke (84%), heart failure (6%), endocarditis (6%) and arrhythmia (3%). The most frequent abnormalities were impaired relaxation (71%) and left ventricular wall thickening (63%). Females were older (68 vs. 62 years, p = 0.0214) and more frequently had normally sized left ventricles than males (98 vs. 88%, p = 0.0376). Patients ≥66 years more frequently had stroke as an indication (91 vs. 77%, p = 0.05), showed a thickened myocardium (72 vs. 53%, p = 0.0272), valvular abnormalities (52 vs. 13%, p = 0.0000) and impaired relaxation (86 vs. 54%, p = 0.0001) than patients <66 years.

LVHT was diagnosed in 3 patients; in one of them the diagnosis was already known. In 45% LVHT and in 38% left ventricular thrombus could neither be excluded nor established since the image quality was poor.

Conclusion:

Care should be taken to visualize the left ventricular apical regions when investigating patients referred from a neurologic department in order not to overlook LVHT and thrombi within the left ventricular apex.
Ozone Treatment on Dentin Hypersensitivity Surfaces – A Pilot Study
Authors: Lena Karlsson , Marianne Kjaeldgaard
Published: February 2017

Background:

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a frequent condition in adults and difficult to treat. The aim of this single-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial was to investigate immediate and long-term effect of ozone treatment (Prozone, W&H NORDIC AB) for 12 seconds on hypersensitive teeth compared to placebo treatment, using a split-mouth design.

Methods:

26 patients (12 M, 14 F, mean age 44+ 2) were included in the study having at least two teeth with confirmed DH in different quadrants of the dentition (each subject had one test and one control tooth). A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the patients´ pain perception immediately and at a long-term follow-up three months later.

Results:

Significant reduction in pain perception from DH surfaces was demonstrated from ozone treated test teeth as well as in placebo treated control teeth. We found a moderate (16.2%) but significant pain relief (p< 0.012) over time in 57.7% of all treated teeth.

Conclusion:

Results from this study confirm previously published results showing no significant effect of ozone treatment on hypersensitive teeth compared to placebo treatment.
Association of ERAP1, IL23R and PTGER4 Polymorphisms with Radiographic Severity of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Ozen Gulsen , Deniz Rabia , Eren Fatih , Erzik Can , Unal Ali Ugur , Yavuz Sule , Aydin Sibel Zehra , Inanc Nevsun , Direskeneli Haner , Atagunduz Pamir
Published: February 2017

Background:

Radiographic severity of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) shows such great variance that some patients never develop syndesmophytes throughout the entire disease span, whereas some develop bamboo spine relatively early.

Objective:

To study the association betweenERAP1,IL23RandPTGER4single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and radiographic severity in AS patients.

Methods:

rs27044 and rs30187 (ERAP1), rs11209032 (IL23R) and rs10440635 (PTGER4) SNPs were genotyped in 235 AS patients fulfilling the modified New York criteria. Patients were classified as mild- and severe-AS according to modified Stoke AS spinal score (mSASSS). Mild-AS is defined as having mSASSS of “0” following at least 10 years of disease duration. Severe-AS is defined as having mSASSS of >20 (patients with mild vertebral changes (i.e.squaring or erosions) were omitted for clear stratification) regardless of disease duration.

Results:

The genotype distributions and allele frequencies ofERAP1rs27044 and rs30187,IL23Rrs11209032 andPTGER4rs10440635 SNPs were similar in mild- (n=171, mSASSS=0, 55.6% HLA-B27 positive) and severe-AS patients (n=64, mSASSS=48.5±17.8, 73.4% HLA-B27 positive). After adjustment for clinical differences between groups (gender, disease duration, HLA-B27 and smoking status) by logistic regression analysis, none of the alleles in the investigated SNPs were found to be associated with radiographic severity of AS.

Conclusion:

In radiographically well-categorized AS patients,ERAP1rs27044 and rs30187,IL23Rrs11209032 andPTGER4rs10440635 SNPs are not found to be associated with radiographic severity of AS.
Evaluation of Autoantibodies in Patients with Primary and Secondary Sjogren’s Syndrome
Authors: De Langhe Ellen , Bossuyt Xavier , Shen Long , Malyavantham Kishore , Ambrus Julian L. , Suresh Lakshmanan
Published: February 2017

Background:

Antibodies to salivary gland protein 1 (SP1), carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA6) and parotid secretory protein (PSP) were discovered in an animal model of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). Their expression was noted in patients with SS, especially those with lower focus scores on lip biopsies and those with early disease lacking antibodies to Ro and La.

Objective:

The current studies evaluated these autoantibodies in patients with long-standing SS expressing high levels of anti-Ro antibodies and in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD).

Method:

Sera were obtained from patients and evaluated by ELISA for IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to SP1, CA6 and PSP.

Results:

IgA anti-CA6 antibodies were noted in 38% of these patients, but anti-SP1, CA6 and PSP IgM or IgG antibodies were identified only in a minority of patients. In patients with secondary SS, antibodies to SP1/CA6/PSP were more sensitive and specific than anti-Ro .

Conclusion:

While more studies are needed, antibodies to SP1, CA6 and PSP provide valuable markers for the diagnosis of primary and secondary SS, especially early in the course of the disease.