bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
20‐1: Invited Paper: Towards Deep‐Blue Materials with Efficient Triplet Harvesting
Authors: Krotkus Simonas , Wong Michael Y. , Hedley Gordon , Jaricot Marie , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Murawski Caroline , Gather Malte C. , Olivier Yoann , Beljonne David , Zysman-Colman Eli , Samuel Ifor D. W.
Published: June 2018

The development of materials for deep blue OLEDs will be presented. A novel donor‐acceptor TADF compound comprising oxadiazole acceptor units was studied. The emission is tuned towards deep‐blue by tuning the acceptor strength, and TADF is demonstrated. Finally, the results are compared with model sky‐blue emitter 2CzPN.
21‐1: Reducing Image Quality Variation with Motion Parallax for Glassless 3D Screens using Linear Blending Technology
Authors: Makiguchi Motohiro , Takada Hideaki , Fukiage Taiki , Nishida Shin'ya
Published: June 2018

The linear blending of viewing zones is effective for reducing the number of projectors of a multi‐view 3D screen. However, the image quality of intermediate viewpoint degrades because the adjacent viewpoint's images overlap. We propose a method to generate the viewpoint images for linear blending by adding a phase‐based disparity. By image quality evaluation, we show that our method reduces image quality variation.
24‐3: Hot‐Melt‐Type Face‐Sealing Encapsulation for Flexible OLEDs
Authors: Inoue Hiroyasu , Murata Naoki , Harai Kenichi , Kashiwagi Motofumi
Published: June 2018

We have developed a face sealing sheet of flexible OLED in which hygroscopic particles are dispersed, based on a hot melt type adhesive. By using this sheet in combination with a gas barrier film, degradation of emitting area of OLED was suppressed. Also, it offers transparency, flexibility and adhesion.
26‐3: Difference in Optical and Hole‐injection Properties between Organic Material/Molybdenum Oxide Composite (OMOx) Layer and Hole‐injection Layer with Organic Acceptor
Authors: Nakashima Harue , Takita Yusuke , Hashimoto Naoaki , Nomura Shiho , Suzuki Tsunenori , Seo Satoshi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2018

A composite of an organic material and molybdenum oxide (OMOx) serves as a hole‐injection layer (HIL) in an OLED device even when the organic material has a deep HOMO level. Such “deep‐level OMOx” compounds exhibit several advantages in their optical and hole‐injection properties over general HILs that use organic acceptors.
6‐3: Distinguished Paper: Highly Efficient Fluorescent Blue Materials and Their Applications for Top Emission OLEDs
Authors: Masuda Tetsuya , Nakano Yuki , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Ito Hirokatsu , Okinaka Keiji , Kambe Emiko , Kawamura Yuichiro , Kuma Hitoshi
Published: June 2018

We developed new fluorescent blue dopants (BDs) for achieving high efficient blue organic light emitting diode (OLED). The new BD showed both high photoluminescent quantum yield >0.9 and highly horizontal orientation (S'>0.9) in the doped film with keeping a chemical stability by introducing suitable substituents. We developed hole transporting materials and optimized the combination of hole transporting layers to decrease a carrier accumulation at the interface between electron blocking layer/emission layer (EML). We found that the external quantum efficiency dependency from low to high current density was turned flat by promoting hole injection into EML. The Top Emission OLED using the new BD and the optimized device architecture exhibited high efficiency of L/J/CIEy around 200 at CIEy=0.043.
7‐3: A Large‐scale Multi‐projection Light‐field Display based on Multi‐view Sampling Calibration
Authors: Ni Lixia , Li Zhenxing , Li Haifeng , Wang Rui , Liu Xu
Published: June 2018

We proposed a large‐scale multi‐projection light‐field display system, including projectors and a cylindrical diffuser, which is 1.8m high with a radius of 3m. We design a wide‐field projection lens and apply light‐field calibration method based on multi‐view sampling to accurately reconstruct light‐field of models in real space.
9‐2: Invited Paper: Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Microvolt Biosignal Monitoring Systems
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Yoshimoto Shusuke , Araki Teppei , Noda Yuki , Uemura Takafumi
Published: June 2018

We report on recent progress in large, ultraflexible, and stretchable electronic sensors. Our work focuses on integration technologies for thin‐film electronics comprising ultrasoft gel electrodes, thin‐film amplifiers, Si‐LSI platforms, thin‐film batteries, and information engineering; integrating these technologies enables them to function as imperceptible active sensors.

Here, we demonstrate the application of imperceptible sensors for a biosignal monitoring sheet system whose measurement accuracy is 0.1 µV. The most important technology for monitoring very small signals is flexible organic amplification circuits. Taking full advantage of flexible and stretchable electronic technology, we demonstrate wireless sheet electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring systems for next‐generation telemedicine. The ultraflexible and compliant thin‐film amplifier can amplify biological signals by a factor of 3000, for monitoring of microvolt EEG signals.
9‐3: Flexible Mutual‐capacitive Fingerprint Sensor with Hard and Flexible Overlaid Dielectric Layer for Biometrics Application
Authors: Lee Seung Hee , Jeon Guk-Jin , Kim Yong Ho , Kang Il-Suk , Kim Hongchae , Bae Byeong-Soo , Park Sang-Hee Ko
Published: June 2018

We present cost‐effective flexible fingerprint sensor for biometrics application beyond Si‐based material. Our Cu electrode based fingerprint sensors were fabricated on PI substrate with flexible and durable overlaid dielectric material. Overlaid layer has roles of both the dielectric layer of capacitance and protective layer from the environment in place of reinforced glass. The planarization of Cu electrode suppresses generation of noise signal between the electrodes, resulting in realistic fingerprints.
27‐1: Invited Paper: OLCD: Manufacturing Glass‐free Vehicle Displays
Authors: Barlier Vincent , Bottacchi Francesca , Socratous Josephine
Published: June 2018

Vehicles with integrated curved glass displays are emerging, but the degree of curvature needs to be improved beyond the limits of glass, in order to ergonomically allow new use cases. Organic Liquid Crystal Display (OLCD) is a solution for low cost, large area, shaped/curved displays. Pre‐production reliability results are very promising, showing good stability after high temperature and high humidity stress tests. OLCD technology is now being transferred to automotive display maker Truly Semiconductors who aims to bring OLCD into mass production within 2018 using its existing production lines.
28‐1: A Robust Bidirectional Gate Driver on Array with Oxide TFTs
Authors: Wang Zhichong , Zheng Haoliang , Han Seungwoo , Shang Guangliang , Yuan Lijun , Han Mingfu , Yao Xing , Shi Dawei , Im Yunsik , Chen Xiaochuan , Huang Yinglong
Published: June 2018

A novel bidirectional gate driver on array using oxide technology is proposed to reduce abnormal driving risk caused by threshold voltage shifts in TFTs. The robustness of the proposed circuit is verified by simulation and reliability test results.
28‐3: World's First 85‐in. 120Hz‐Driven 8K x 4K BCE IGZO GOA VA‐LCD
Authors: Zhao Ying-Chun , Zhao Feng , Chang CK , Chiu Chung-Yi , Ray Lin , Shi Long-Qiang , Ge Shi-Min , Kong Zeng-Jie , Deng Tong-Shuai , Xu Feng-Cheng , Du Peng
Published: June 2018

We have developed a 85‐in. 120Hz‐Driven 8K4K VA‐LCD which succesfully applied BCE IGZO in GOA to gain super resolution, ultra ‐ high refresh rate for the first time in the world.
29‐3: Highly Versatile and Stable Photoalignment Process for AMLCDs
Authors: McGinty Colin , Wang Junren , Finnemeyer Valerie , Reich Robert , Clark Harry , Berry Shaun , Bos Philip
Published: June 2018

A simple process for a reactive mesogen (RM) alignment layer is demonstrated with potential wide spread application in liquid crystal devices. A low concentration (0.3% wt) of RM dissolved in a liquid crystal is aligned by an azodye layer. After polymerization of the RM, the azodye is “bleached” to remove its visible absorption. The result is a versatile, low cost, stable alignment layer that is practical for AMLCDs.
31‐1: Invited Paper: Green Printing Technology for Manufacturing Functional Devices
Authors: Song Yanlin , Hu Xiaotian
Published: June 2018

Highly precise self‐assembly of nanomaterials in the ink droplets along the vapor‐solid‐liquid three phase contact lines could be accurately achieved. Based on the manufacturing of functional nanomaterials and controllable spreading and transferring of liquid droplets, we fabricated the superoleophilic patterns on the hierarchically structured superhydrophilic plate by ink‐jet printing. Thus the image area and non‐image area can be achieved on the plate, which can be directly used as the printing‐plate.
31‐2: Invited Paper: Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Films for Flexible/Foldable Devices
Authors: Dai Haixia , Spaid Michael
Published: June 2018

In this paper we will report a superior transparent conductive ITO‐alternative material, ClearOhm® ink, developed by Cambrios Advanced Materials Corporation. ClearOhm® ink consists of a formulated dispersion of silver nanowires, which can be wet coated or printed to form a transparent conductive film. The coated film can achieve a wide range of sheet resistance from 5 to 300 ohms/square. Coatings on flexible PET film have excellent optical properties: > 91% total transmission and < 0.4 % total haze at 40 ohms/square or higher. The coated film can bend through a 1 mm bending radius for more than 350,000 cycles and stretch up to 4% strain with less than 10% resistance change, thus enabling emerging flexible/foldable displays. ClearOhm® silver nanowire films have been engineered for robust reliability. In this paper, we discuss the environmental stability of ClearOhm® silver nanowire films in accelerated aging tests, including the elimination of silver nanowire photo‐oxidation when exposed to UV light such as sunlight.
31‐4: Ultra‐Thin Chemically Strengthened Cover Glass with High Impact Failure Resistance for Foldable Devices
Authors: Fujiwara Yusuke , Kashima Izuru , Akiba Shusaku
Published: June 2018

Ultra‐thin chemically strengthened glasses showed enough flexibility and impact failure resistance for foldable devices. Almino‐silicate glasses of 0.1 mm in thickness with slimed using HF etching with 965 MPa of CS and 15 µm of DOL applying our new process achieved 50 % higher impact failure resistance for falling object than those glasses applying conventional chemical strengthening. Furthermore, those glasses achieved 5.9 mm gap distance by bending. The effects on improving both impact failure resistance and bending strength are considered to be attributed by not only high CS but also the new process which removes the glass surface where tiny flaws exist.
32‐4: Potential Red Phosphors for LEDs: Replacing Eu3+ Activators in LiEu(WO4)2 with Al3+ Cations
Authors: Silver Jack , Fathullah Mohammed. M. , Fern George R. , Ireland Terry G. , Stone Roni
Published: June 2018

Europium is used as an activator in phosphors to generate the red component of white light, but there is concern about its' cost in the current market. Herein, Al3+ is used to minimise the amount of Eu3+ activators needed in LiEu(1‐x) Alx(WO4)2 (x=0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75 and 0.95).
33‐2: Flexible OLED Panels with Pixilated Graphene Anode
Authors: Shin Jin-Wook , Cho Hyunsu , Kwon Byoung-Hwa , Han Jun-Han , Lee Kang Me , Yang Jong-Heon , Byun Chun-Won , Lee Jeong-Ik , Moon Jaehyun , Cho Nam Sung
Published: June 2018

Due to the feeble nature of graphene and poor adhesion to its support, it was difficult to pattern graphene film into accurate dimension over a large area. Using a display compatible patterning process, we successfully pixelated graphene film in an array on a flexible substrate and used that array for flexible OLED anodes. We discuss and propose processing strategies which enable integration of individual components into a flexible OLED panel. Finally, we demonstrate a fully operational flexible OLED panel (40 mm × 40mm) which has pixelated graphene film as transparent electrode. Our integration scheme suggests a display technology compatible approach for using graphene in flexible AM ‐ OLED display applications.
33‐4: Enhanced Adhesion and Stability of Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode for OLED by Compositing with a Biocompatible Polymer without High Temperature Treatment
Authors: Lian Lu , Dong Dan , Feng Dongxu , He Gufeng
Published: June 2018

Highly‐smooth AgNW/alginate film with Rs of 2.5 Ω/sq and transmittance of 86% is achieved by CaCl2 treatment and mechanical pressing. Dipped into CaCl2 solution, the AgNWs are better‐welded, and film adhesion and stability are improved significantly. The OLED employing this composite film as anode presents better performance than ITO device.
34‐1: Invited Paper: Performance Optimization for Display Solutions by Smart System Integration
Authors: Hohmann Kai , Weber Markus
Published: June 2018

The application of high performance displays in vehicles requires particular system integration know‐how to account for the specific design and performance needs. As number and size of displays in cars continuously grow, the harmonization across different applications and technologies within interior surfaces is one of the distinctive tasks of a system integrator. This presentation covers mainly the aspect of premium system design by optimization of white point adjustment, color and black uniformity of single and multiple display solutions.
35‐2: 40x Current Variation Reduction Enabled by an External VT‐Compensation Scheme for AMOLED Displays using a 3T2C‐Pixel Circuit with Dual‐Gate TFTs
Authors: Verschueren Lynn , Ameys Marc , De Roose Florian , Steudel Soeren , van der Steen Jan-Laurens , Gelinck Gerwin , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Huang Chin-Hai , Tsai Chi-Chung , Huang Yen-Yu , Yeh Ming-Hua , Heremans Paul , Myny Kris , Dehaene Wim , Genoe Jan
Published: June 2018

A novel external VT compensation method, using a simple driving scheme, is presented, enabling high resolution, yet uniform displays, regardless of the size. The uniformity can be maintained for initial VT nonuniformities as well as VT shifts occurring during operation, like bias stress. The characterized display area shows a significant reduction in current variation, transforming ~23% variation without compensation into 0.56% variation after calibration.
37‐1: Invited Paper: 3D Computer Vision Based on Machine Learning with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Vodrahalli Kailas , Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: June 2018

Recent advances in the field of computer vision can be attributed to the emergence of deep learning techniques, in particular convolutional neural networks. Neural networks, partially inspired by the brain’s visual cortex, enable a computer to “learn” the most important features of the images it is shown in relation to a specific, specified task. Given sufficient data and time, (deep) convolutional neural networks offer more easily designed, more generalizable, and significantly more accurate end‐to‐end systems than is possible with previously employed computer vision techniques. This review paper seeks to provide an overview of deep learning in the field of computer vision with an emphasis on recent progress in tasks involving 3D visual data. Through a backdrop of the mammalian visual processing system, we also hope to provide inspiration for future advances in automated visual processing.
37‐2: Invited Paper: Enhancing Speech in Noisy and Reverberant Environments Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Zhang Tao , Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: June 2018

Sound signals play a crucial role in immersive perceptual experiences, such as virtual and augmented reality applications and hearing assistant devices. Traditional approaches enhance speech by estimating the background noise or the speech based on its statistics or a parametric model. However, the performance of such an approach has plateaued due to mismatches between its assumptions and actual background noise and speech. Recently, deep learning (DL) has been applied to solve such a challenging problem by taking advantage of its ability to learn a nonlinear mapping and to recognize a pattern without making explicit assumptions about the background noise or speech. In this paper, we will provide a systematic review of single‐microphone DL‐based speech enhancement approaches. Through an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, we will provide some insight into future research directions for speech enhancement for hearing devices.
38‐4: Clothing‐shaped Organic Light‐emitting Devices (OLEDs) for Wearable Displays
Authors: Choi Seungyeop , Kwon Seonil , Lim Myung Sub , Jeon Yongmin , Kim Hyuncheol , Kim Yong Min , Kwon Jeong Hyun , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: June 2018

A clothing‐shaped substrate that matches the characteristics of a fabric was designed to minimize the physical strain and stress on organic light‐emitting diodes(OLEDs).The room temperature process minimized the deformation of the fabric during the fabrication process, and a clothing‐shaped substrate having the same surface as a flat glass substrate was fabricated. Finally, clothing‐shaped OLED that provide excellent wearing comfort such as clothes was proposed, and flexibility, bending and wrinkling characteristics were evaluated.
39‐4: TFT Integrated Microelectromechanical Shutter for Display Application
Authors: Al Nusayer Sheikh Abdullah , Schalberger Patrick , Baur Holger , Fruehauf Norbert
Published: June 2018

Vertically translating prestressed spring supported microelectromechanical shutters can be used as digital spatial light modulators for high speed, efficient transmissive display applications. Prestressed MEMS shutters have been fabricated alongside top gate a‐Si:H TFTs using a four mask TFT‐MEMS process and active matrix driving has been demonstrated.
Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Glucosyl Ester Derivatives Containing Amino Acid Linker
Authors: An Dong , Feng D. X.
Published: June 2018

In this present study, two series of glucosyl ester derivatives were synthesized by enzymatic acylation and their structures were characterized. The optimum condition was confirmed by experimental influence factors such as enzyme type, reaction time and temperature. The antitumor activity in vitro against three cancer cells including Human colon carcinoma (K562), Human hepatoma (HepG2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) were evaluated using MTT methods. The results indicated that the glucosyl esters could significantly show high anticancer activity as their low IC50 values. Thereinto, methyl 6‐O‐(N‐dodecanoyl‐glycyl)‐α‐D‐glucosyl ester (16) and methyl 6‐O‐(N‐dodecanoyl‐valine acyl)‐α‐D‐glucosyl ester (20) showed higher inhibition effect to cancer cells than other compounds and control drug 5‐FU. The preliminary prediction of this type of compound had certain inhibitory effect on growth of tumor cells, and non‐toxic to normal cells. It is our propose to introduce many such novel amino acid sugar esters as antineoplastic drugs to be widely investigated.
The role of site and severity of injury as predictors of mental health outcomes following traumatic injury
Authors: Baecher Katharine , Kangas Maria , Taylor Alan , O'Donnell Meaghan L. , Bryant Richard A. , Silove Derrick , McFarlane Alexander C. , Wade Darryl
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of injury site and severity as predictors of mental health outcomes in the initial 12 months following traumatic injury. Using a multisite, longitudinal study, participants with a traumatic physical injury (N = 1,098) were assessed during hospital admission and followed up at 3 months (N = 932, 86%) and at 12 months (N = 715, 71%). Injury site was measured using the Abbreviated Injury Scale 90, and objective injury severity was measured using the Injury Severity Score. Participants also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Clinician Administered Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. A random intercept mixed modelling analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of site and severity of injury in relation to anxiety, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. Injury severity, as well as head and facial injuries, was predictive of elevated PTSD symptoms, and external injuries were associated with both PTSD and depression severity. In contrast, lower extremity injuries were associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. The findings suggest that visible injuries are predictive of reduced mental health, particularly PTSD following traumatic injury. This has clinical implications for further advancing the screening for vulnerable injured trauma survivors at risk of chronic psychopathology.
Morphology Evolution and Control of Mo‐polydopamine Coordination Complex from 2D Single Nanopetal to Hierarchical Microflowers
Authors: Sun Lianshan , Wang Chunli , Wang Xuxu , Wang Limin
Published: June 2018

Controllable synthesis of functional materials is of widespread interest for particle engineering. Such a method has not been widely promoted due to the lack of recognition of the fundamental principle, especially for organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Here, as an entrance, the controllable synthesis of Mo‐polydopamine coordination flowers is realized through a facile foaming method, and a 2D nanopetal as the building monomer of the flower is synthesized. Depending on the morphology evolution of Mo‐dopamine complex under different conditions, and the surface iterative topology growth of the Mo‐polydopamine petal, the reasons of why the Mo‐polydopamine complex self‐assembles into a flower structure can be attributed to the synergistic effect of multicore symbiosis and structural self‐protective growth behaviors. Benefiting from the strong structure stability of the Mo‐polydopamine nanopetal, a hybrid structure of MoO2 quantum dot in situ anchoring in the N‐doped 2D carbon framework is prepared by direct pyrolysis, which shows a highly reversible performance in application for lithium‐ion secondary batteries (LIBs). This work enhances the possibility for the controllable synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid materials by adjusting the multicore intergrowth and inhibiting the interfacial assembly.
Research Advances in Microfiber Humidity Sensors
Authors: Peng Yun , Zhao Yong , Chen Mao‐Qing , Xia Feng
Published: June 2018

An overview of the numerous latest research in microfiber humidity sensors is carried out with a specific focus on measurement methods, humidity sensitive materials, probe structures, and sensing properties of different sensors. First, five mainstream measurement structures, including taper, fiber grating, coupler, resonator, and interferometer are reviewed. It is concluded that these measurement structures sense the physicochemical property variations of microfibers or sensitive films and exhibit the change of optical signal when exposed to environment. Second, the basic preparation methods, humidity‐sensing properties, and their advantages and disadvantages as humidity sensitive material are addressed. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of all the above sensing structures are also discussed and compared. Finally, the main existing problems and potential solutions of microfiber humidity sensors are pointed out.
New stationary phase for capillary liquid chromatography based on polydimethylsiloxane immobilized onto a Monolithic Silica Support
Authors: Pires Fabiane , Otálora Julie Alexandra Bautista , Bottoli Carla Beatriz Grespan
Published: June 2018

A new stationary phase based on polydimethylsiloxane immobilized onto a monolithic silica support was prepared for performing reversed‐phase capillary liquid chromatography. Silica monoliths, using tetramethoxysilane as precursor, and hybrid monoliths, using tetramethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane as precursors, were prepared by the sol–gel process. Polydimethylsiloxane was deposited on the monolithic matrix and its immobilization was performed through thermal treatment. Characterization was made by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and by chromatographic evaluation for the separation of six alkylbenzenes. An efficiency of 79 500 plates/m was reached for columns of 200 μm id, demonstrating that it would be a promising alternative to a reversed‐phase column in capillary liquid chromatography.
Salvage harvesting for bioenergy in Canada: From sustainable and integrated supply chain to climate change mitigation
Authors: Mansuy Nicolas , Barrette Julie , Laganière Jérôme , Mabee Warren , Paré David , Gautam Shuva , Thiffault Evelyne , Ghafghazi Saeed
Published: June 2018

Driven by the policy imperatives of mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improving energy security, an increasing proportion of global energy demand is being met by nonfossil energy sources. The socioeconomic and environmental benefits of replacing fossil fuels with bioenergy are complex; however, debate continues about issues such as best practices for biomass removal, stable supply chains, and GHG mitigation. With the greatest biomass per capita in the world, Canada could play an increasing role in the future of global bioenergy and the emerging bioeconomy. This paper reviews the utilization of feedstock salvaged after natural disturbances (fire and insect outbreaks) to supply wood‐based bioenergy, by addressing the following multidisciplinary questions: (1) How much salvaged feedstock is available, and what are the uncertainties around these estimates? (2) How can sustainable practices to support increased removal of biomass be implemented? (3) What are the constraints on development of an integrated supply chain and cost‐effective mobilization of the biomass? (4) Is the quality of biomass from salvaged trees suitable for conversion to bioenergy? (5) What is the potential for climate change mitigation? In average, salvaged feedstock from fire and insects could theoretically provide about 100 × 106 oven Dry ton (ODT) biomass per year, with high variability over time and space. Existing policies and guidelines for harvesting of woody biomass in Canadian jurisdictions could support sustainable biomass removal. However, uncertainties remain as to the development of competitive and profitable supply chains, because of the large distances between the locations of this feedstock and available processing sites. Another uncertainty lies in the time needed for a benefit in climate change mitigation to occur. A flexible supply chain, integrated with other sources of biomass residues, is needed to develop a cost‐efficient bioenergy sector.

This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Holographic anisotropic background with confinement-deconfinement phase transition
Authors: Aref’eva Irina , Rannu Kristina
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We present new anisotropic black brane solutions in 5D Einstein-dilaton-two-Maxwell system. The anisotropic background is specified by an arbitrary dynamical exponent ν, a nontrivial warp factor, a non-zero dilaton field, a non-zero time component of the first Maxwell field and a non-zero longitudinal magnetic component of the second Maxwell field. The blackening function supports the Van der Waals-like phase transition between small and large black holes for a suitable first Maxwell field charge. The isotropic case corresponding to ν = 1 and zero magnetic field reproduces previously known solutions. We investigate the anisotropy influence on the thermodynamic properties of our background, in particular, on the small/large black holes phase transition diagram.

We discuss applications of the model to the bottom-up holographic QCD. The RG flow interpolates between the UV section with two suppressed transversal coordinates and the IR section with the suppressed time and longitudinal coordinates due to anisotropic character of our solution. We study the temporal Wilson loops, extended in longitudinal and transversal directions, by calculating the minimal surfaces of the corresponding probing open string world-sheet in anisotropic backgrounds with various temperatures and chemical potentials. We find that dynamical wall locations depend on the orientation of the quark pairs, that gives a crossover transition line between confinement/deconfinement phases in the dual gauge theory. Instability of the background leads to the appearance of the critical points (μ

ϑ,b

, T

ϑ,b
) depending on the orientation ϑ of quark-antiquark pairs in respect to the heavy ions collision line.
Exotic gravitational wave signatures from simultaneous phase transitions
Authors: Croon Djuna , White Graham
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We demonstrate that the relic gravitational wave background from a multi-step phase transition may deviate from the simple sum of the single spectra, for phase transitions with similar nucleation temperatures T

N
. We demonstrate that the temperature range ΔT between the volume fractions f(T) = 0.1 and f(T) = 0.9 occupied by the vacuum bubbles can span ∼ 20 GeV. This allows for a situation in which phase transitions overlap, such that the later bubbles may nucleate both in high temperature and intermediate temperature phases. Such scenarios may lead to more exotic gravitational wave spectra, which cannot be fitted that of a consecutive PTs. We demonstrate this explicitly in the singlet extension of the Standard Model. Finally, we comment on potential additional effects due to the more exotic dynamics of overlapping phase transitions.
Gravitational couplings in $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ string compactifications and Mathieu Moonshine
Authors: Chattopadhyaya Aradhita , David Justin R.
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We evaluate the low energy gravitational couplings, F
g in the heterotic E
8 ×E
8 string theory compactified on orbifolds of K3 × T
2 by g
′ which acts as a ℤ
N
automorphism on K3 together with a 1/N shift along T
2. The orbifold g
′ corresponds to the conjugacy classes of the Mathieu group M
24. The holomorphic piece of F

g
is given in terms of a polylogarithm with index 3−2g and predicts the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants in the corresponding dual type II Calabi-Yau compactifications. We show that low lying Gopakumar-Vafa invariants for each of these compactifications including the twisted sectors are integers. We observe that the conifold singularity for all these compactifications occurs only when states in the twisted sectors become massless and the strength of the singularity is determined by the genus zero Gopakumar-Vafa invariant at this point in the moduli space.
An MBO Scheme for Minimizing the Graph Ohta–Kawasaki Functional
Authors: van Gennip Yves
Published: June 2018

We study a graph-based version of the Ohta–Kawasaki functional, which was originally introduced in a continuum setting to model pattern formation in diblock copolymer melts and has been studied extensively as a paradigmatic example of a variational model for pattern formation. Graph-based problems inspired by partial differential equations (PDEs) and variational methods have been the subject of many recent papers in the mathematical literature, because of their applications in areas such as image processing and data classification. This paper extends the area of PDE inspired graph-based problems to pattern-forming models, while continuing in the tradition of recent papers in the field. We introduce a mass conserving Merriman–Bence–Osher (MBO) scheme for minimizing the graph Ohta–Kawasaki functional with a mass constraint. We present three main results: (1) the Lyapunov functionals associated with this MBO scheme$$\Gamma $$Γ-converge to the Ohta–Kawasaki functional (which includes the standard graph-based MBO scheme and total variation as a special case); (2) there is a class of graphs on which the Ohta–Kawasaki MBO scheme corresponds to a standard MBO scheme on a transformed graph and for which generalized comparison principles hold; (3) this MBO scheme allows for the numerical computation of (approximate) minimizers of the graph Ohta–Kawasaki functional with a mass constraint.
Changes in biooxidation mechanism and transient biofilm characteristics by As(V) during arsenopyrite colonization with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
Authors: Ramírez-Aldaba Hugo , Vázquez-Arenas Jorge , Sosa-Rodríguez Fabiola S , Valdez-Pérez Donato , Ruiz-Baca Estela , Trejo-Córdoba Gabriel , Escobedo-Bretado Miguel A , Lartundo-Rojas Luis , Ponce-Peña Patricia , Lara René H
Published: June 2018

Chemical and surface analyses are carried out using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), glow discharge spectroscopy (GDS) and extracellular surface protein quantification to thoroughly investigate the effect of supplementary As(V) during biooxidation of arsenopyrite by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. It is revealed that arsenic can enhance bacterial reactions during bioleaching, which can strongly influence its mobility. Biofilms occur as compact-flattened microcolonies, being progressively covered by a significant amount of secondary compounds (Sn  2-, S0, pyrite-like). Biooxidation mechanism is modified in the presence of supplementary As(V), as indicated by spectroscopic and microscopic studies. GDS confirms significant variations between abiotic control and biooxidized arsenopyrite in terms of surface reactivity and amount of secondary compounds with and without As(V) (i.e. 6 μm depth). CLSM and protein analyses indicate a rapid modification in biofilm from hydrophilic to hydrophobic character (i.e. 1–12 h), in spite of the decrease in extracellular surface proteins in the presence of supplementary As(V) (i.e. stressed biofilms).
Uptake of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in Female BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Mor Pnina , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Metcalfe Kelly A.
Published: June 2018

Women with a germline pathogenic variant in the BReast CAncer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 or BRCA2) have an increased risk of early‐onset breast and ovarian cancer. In addition to weighing cancer screening and risk‐reduction options, healthy BRCA mutation carriers of childbearing age may choose to preclude passing the mutation to the next generation. In the current study, we report on preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) practices in BRCA‐positive Israeli women who were offered PGD at no cost. Methods: we measured PGD uptake, decision satisfaction or regret, and predictors of uptake. Of the 70 participant female carriers, only 25.7% chose to use PGD to prevent transmission of the mutation, and were not predicted by age or religious affiliation. For those who chose IVF/PGD, satisfaction with the decision regarding IVF and PGD was significantly higher than those who did not have IVF and PGD (p < 0.04). Experiencing previous infertility was the only significant predictor of uptake of IVF/PGD (p < 0.001), which may suggest that BRCA status is secondary to infertility in the decision‐making process for PGD in women with a BRCA mutation.
Essential bundle theory and modality
Authors: Jago Mark
Published: June 2018

Bundle theories identify material objects with bundles of properties. On the traditional approach, these are the properties possessed by that material object. That view faces a deep problem: it seems to say that all of an object’s properties are essential to it.Essential bundle theoryattempts to overcome this objection, by taking the bundle as a specification of the object’s essential properties only. In this paper, I show that essential bundle theory faces a variant of the objection. To avoid the problem, the theory must accept the contingency of identity. I show how this can be achieved in a coherent and well-motivated way, a way that isn’t available to traditional bundle theories.
A paradox of latitudinal leaf defense strategies in deciduous and evergreen broadleaved trees
Authors: Saihanna Saihanna , Tanaka Tomoe , Okamura Yu , Kusumoto Buntarou , Shiono Takayuki , Hirao Toshihide , Kubota Yasuhiro , Murakami Masashi
Published: June 2018

The classical “low latitude–high defense” hypothesis is seldom supported by empirical evidence. In this context, we tested latitudinal patterns in the leaf defense traits of deciduous broadleaved (DB) and evergreen broadleaved (EGB) tree species, which are expected to affect herbivore diversity. We examined the co‐occurrence of leaf defense traits (tannin and phenol content, leaf mechanical strength, leaf dry matter content, leaf mass per area, and leaf thickness) in 741 broadleaved tree species and their correlations with species geographical range in East Asian island flora. We discovered contrasting latitudinal defense strategy gradients in DB and EGB tree species. DB species employed chemical defenses (increasing tannin and phenol content) at higher latitudes and physical defenses (softer and thinner leaves) at lower latitudes, whereas EGB tree species exhibited opposite latitudinal defense patterns. The “low latitude high defense” hypothesis included a paradoxical aspect in chemical and physical defense traits across broadleaved tree species. To reconcile paradoxical defense strategies along the latitudinal gradient, we conclude that interactive correlations among leaf traits are controlled by leaf longevity, which differs between DB and EGB tree species.
Effect of Shockwave Treatment for Management of Upper and Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Narrative Review
Authors: Reilly Julia M. , Bluman Eric , Tenforde Adam S.
Published: June 2018

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a technology that was first introduced into clinical practice in 1982 for urologic conditions. Subsequent clinical applications in musculoskeletal conditions have been described in treatment of plantar fasciopathy, both upper and lower extremity tendinopathies, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, management of nonunion fractures, and joint disease including avascular necrosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of treatment of musculoskeletal conditions with ESWT, accounting for differences in treatment protocol and energy levels. Complications from ESWT are rare but include 2 reported cases of injury to bone and Achilles tendon rupture in older adults using focused shockwave. Collectively, studies suggest ESWT is generally well‐tolerated treatment strategy for multiple musculoskeletal conditions commonly seen in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence

III
Aphonogelia After Recovery From Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report
Authors: McLeod Scott A. , Lam Alva , Spencer Adam , Wei Xing‐Chang , Gnanakumar Vithya
Published: June 2018

During rehabilitation from a severe traumatic brain injury, a 16‐year‐old girl became aware that she had lost the ability to laugh out loud. This rare phenomenon previously has been described as “aphonogelia.” A discussion of therapeutic avenues that were explored with this patient is presented in the first case, to our knowledge, of aphonogelia after a traumatic brain injury.

Level of Evidence

V
Cytotoxic Effects of Nonionic Iodinated Contrast Agent on Human Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wu Tao , Nie Hai , Dietz Allan B. , Salek David R. , Smith Jay , van Wijnen Andre J. , Qu Wenchun
Published: June 2018

Background

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising therapy for degenerative spine conditions. However, cell therapy for painful spine degeneration presently requires use of contrast agents during fluoroscopy‐guided injections, and the effects of these agents on MSCs represents a gap in knowledge.

Objective

To investigate the biological effects of contrast media (CM) that are coinjected with MSCs.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Participants

Patient‐derived clinical‐grade culture expanded MSCs.

Interventions

Iohexol (Omnipaque300) was reduced to 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of the stock solution and incubated with MSCs for 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 48 hours. We also used complete media and 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% of phosphate‐buffered saline as a control group.

Main Outcome Measures

We examined cytotoxicity of iohexol at different concentrations and exposure duration, as well as the potential for recovery over time. Cell counts, mitochondrial activity, and quantitative real time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of related genes were analyzed immediately after exposure (day 0) and after 2 days of exposure (day 2).

Results

Human MSCs exhibit a time‐ and concentration‐dependent cytotoxic response to iodinated CM. A brief, 30‐minute exposure did not affect MSCs function and viability. However, extended treatment with iohexol for 4 hours at 50% or higher concentration had a significant impact on both viability and gene expression in MSCs.

Conclusions

Iohexol is cytotoxic to MSCs in a time‐and concentration‐dependent manner. Hence, the concentration of CM that accompanies MSC injections should be carefully considered during MSC therapy for disk‐degenerative diseases.

Level of Evidence

III.
What are the barriers to, and facilitators of, implementing and receiving MHPSS programmes delivered to populations affected by humanitarian emergencies? A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Dickson Kelly , Bangpan Mukdarut
Published: June 2018

Background.

Humanitarian emergencies can impact people's psychosocial well-being and mental health. Providing mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) is an essential component of humanitarian aid responses. However, factors influencing the delivery MHPSS programmes have yet to be synthesised. We undertook a systematic review on the barriers to, and facilitators of, implementing and receiving MHPSS programmes delivered to populations affected by humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods.

A comprehensive search of 12 bibliographic databases, 25 websites and citation checking was undertaken. Studies published in English from 1980 onwards were included if they contained evidence on the perspectives of adults or children who had engaged in or programmes providers involved in delivering, MHPSS programmes in humanitarian settings. Thirteen studies were critically appraised and analysed thematically.

Results.

Community engagement was a key mechanism to support the successful implementation and uptake of MHPSS programmes. Establishing good relationships with parents may also be important when there is a need to communicate the value of children and young people's participation in programmes. Sufficient numbers of trained providers were essential in ensuring a range of MHPSS programmes were delivered as planned but could be challenging in resource-limited settings. Programmes need to be socially and culturally meaningful to ensure they remain appealing. Recipients also valued engagement with peers in group-based programmes and trusting and supportive relationships with providers.

Conclusion.

The synthesis identified important factors that could improve MHPSS programme reach and appeal. Taking these factors into consideration could support future MHPSS programmes achieve their intended aims.
Where next for youth mental health services in Ireland?
Authors: McMahon J. , Ryan F. , Cannon M. , O’Brien G. , O’Callaghan M. , Flanagan R. , O’Connor K. , Chambers D. , Byrne S. , McGorry P.
Published: June 2018

To date, Ireland has been a leading light in the provision of youth mental health services. However, cognisant of the efforts of governmental and non-governmental agencies working in youth mental health, there is much to be done. Barriers into care as well as discontinuity of care across the spectrum of services remain key challenges. This editorial provides guidance for the next stage of development in youth mental care and support that will require significant national engagement and resource investment.
Aelred of Rievaulx and the Saints of Hexham: Tradition, Innovation, and Devotion in Twelfth-Century Northern England
Authors: Whitnah Lauren L.
Published: June 2018

This article examines a little-studied work by Aelred of Rievaulx (d. 1167): his tractate on the miracles of the saints of Hexham—referred to here asMiracula—composed for the feast of the saints’ translation in 1154/1155. WhileMiraculahas been incidental to the prolific scholarship on Aelred, this article brings it back to the center of Aelred's life and thought. It describesMiraculain some detail, putting to rest any speculation that Aelred was not the text's author through a careful treatment of the surviving manuscripts. It then explores Aelred's sophisticated notions of who the saints were, how they inhabited Hexham, and what he and his audience expected the saints to do on their behalf. Finally, it demonstrates that Aelred intentionally combined local traditions about the saints with his own modern Cistercian concerns about spiritual life to produce an innovative meditation on saints, miracles, and veneration.Miraculaallows scholars to see Aelred not only as a preeminent reformed Cistercian thinker but also as someone formed by and committed to the ongoing cult of the local saints.
Effectiveness of interventions to promote help-seeking for mental health problems: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Ziyan , Huang Fangfang , Kösters Markus , Staiger Tobias , Becker Thomas , Thornicroft Graham , Rüsch Nicolas
Published: June 2018

Help-seeking is important to access appropriate care and improve mental health. However, individuals often delay or avoid seeking help for mental health problems. Interventions to improve help-seeking have been developed, but their effectiveness is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore conducted to examine the effectiveness of mental health related help-seeking interventions. Nine databases in English, German and Chinese were searched for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Effect sizes were calculated for attitudes, intentions and behaviours to seek formal, informal and self-help. Ninety-eight studies with 69 208 participants were included. Interventions yielded significant short-term benefits in terms of formal help-seeking, self-help, as well as mental health literacy and personal stigma. There were also positive long-term effects on formal help-seeking behaviours. The most common intervention types were strategies to increase mental health literacy, destigmatisation (both had positive short-term effects on formal help-seeking behaviours) as well as motivational enhancement (with positive long-term effects on formal help-seeking behaviours). Interventions improved formal help-seeking behaviours if delivered to people with or at risk of mental health problems, but not among children, adolescents or the general public. There was no evidence that interventions increased the use of informal help. Few studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of help-seeking interventions in terms of improving attitudes, intentions and behaviours to seek formal help for mental health problems among adults. Future research should develop effective interventions to improve informal help-seeking, for specific target groups and in LMICs settings.
HETEROGENEOUS EXPECTATIONS AND ENDOGENOUS FLUCTUATIONS IN THE FINANCIAL ACCELERATOR FRAMEWORK
Authors: Bazzana Davide
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes a financial accelerator framework to study the effects of heterogeneous and bounded rational expectations on macroeconomic dynamics. The paper examines the fluctuations effects departing from the rational expectations hypothesis in order to understand if there are significant implications on macroeconomic volatility and policy prescriptions. The findings suggest that macroeconomic stability and inflation dynamics depend on the chosen set of forecasting rules, as well as on the monetary policy adopted. The model shows that no monetary policy is able to quickly stabilize the system, as some fluctuations persist. Central banks face a trade-off between macro-volatility and speed of convergence to the steady state. This result offers some ground for fiscal policies aiming to prompt system stability. In addition, the analysis reveals a counterintuitive result confirming the “less-is-more” effect: increasing the decision-making and computational abilities of the agents may not lead the system to converge to the preferable steady state.