bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UX and Machine Learning – Preprocessing of Audiovisual Data Using Computer Vision to Recognize UI Elements
Authors: Čejka Martin , Masner Jan , Jarolímek Jan , Benda Petr , Prokop Michal , Šimek Pavel , Šimek Petr
Published: September 2023

This study explores the convergence of user experience (UX) and machine learning, particularly employing computer vision techniques to preprocess audiovisual data to detect user interface (UI) elements. With an emphasis on usability testing, the study introduces a novel approach for recognizing changes in UI screens within video recordings. The methodology involves a sequence of steps, including form prototype creation, laboratory experiments, data analysis, and computer vision tasks. The future aim is to automate the evaluation of user behavior during UX testing. This innovative approach is relevant to the agricultural domain, where specialized applications for precision agriculture, subsidy requests, and production reporting demand streamlined usability. The research introduces a frame extraction algorithm that identifies screen changes by analyzing pixel differences between consecutive frames. Additionally, the study employs YOLOv7, an efficient object detection model, to identify UI elements within the video frames. Results showcase successful screen change detection with minimal false negatives and acceptable false positives, showcasing the potential for enhanced automation in UX testing. The study’s implications lie in simplifying analysis processes, enhancing insights for design decisions, and fostering user-centric advancements in diverse sectors, including precision agriculture.
An Empirical Evaluation of Information Sharing's Impact on Profitability; Evidence from the Solar Sector
Authors: Csordás Adrián , Füzesi István
Published: September 2023

The role of online marketing is significant. Businesses strive to maximize their profit, and there are low-budget but efficient digital solutions for this aim. Social media sites are not just a connection point but also a great surface to collect information regarding products and/or companies. Even though these free opportunities are often used, websites are the „classical” standalone digital surfaces used for marketing purposes. SEO (Search Engine Optimization) provides various techniques to improve the companies' websites' SERP (Search Engine Result Page). In addition, it could provide even statistically proven financial benefits. The current study analyzes the SEO’s influence on the financial performance of SMEs in the solar sector. The nationwide study based on the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed the importance of connecting social media sites to the company's website. The proper Social SEO results in significantly higher after-tax profit. Regarding the first contentful paints (first feedback to the browser about the website loading), the Pearson correlation coefficients showed up moderately strong, positive, significant relationships with many financial indicators.
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS SCREENING: THE SAMPLE OF SİVAS
Authors: KARAHAN Seher
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of the study is to screen for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), to determine the risk of DM and to evaluate the factors affecting it.

Method: It is a descriptive study. The population of the research consisted of people over the age of 18 living in Sivas who were not diagnosed with diabetes. The sample of the research consisted of individuals over the age of 18 who did not have diabetes and participated in the event, which was organized as part of the 14 November 2022 “World Diabetes Day” event, which continued between 08.00-17.00. In order to reach the universe, a stand was set up in the city center in the square where the people are concentrated. Capillary blood glucose measurement, a questionnaire including height, weight, demographic characteristics and Finnish Diabetes Risk Questionnaire (FINDRISK) were applied to the patients. FINDRISK consists of 8 questions. It determines an individual's risk of developing diabetes in the next ten years. Results are shown as frequencies, mean±standard deviation. Pearson correlation analysis, Student-T test and One way ANOVA test were applied. P
Vibrio cholerae’s ToxRS bile sensing system
Authors: Gubensäk Nina , Sagmeister Theo , Buhlheller Christoph , Geronimo Bruno Di , Wagner Gabriel E , Petrowitsch Lukas , Gräwert Melissa A , Rotzinger Markus , Berger Tamara M Ismael , Schäfer Jan , Usón Isabel , Reidl Joachim , Sánchez-Murcia Pedro A , Zangger Klaus , Pavkov-Keller Tea
Published: September 2023

The seventh pandemic of the diarrheal cholera disease, which began in 1960, is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Its environmental persistence provoking recurring sudden outbreaks is enabled by V. cholerae’s rapid adaption to changing environments involving sensory proteins like ToxR and ToxS. Located at the inner membrane, ToxR and ToxS react to environmental stimuli like bile acid, thereby inducing survival strategies for example bile resistance and virulence regulation. The presented crystal structure of the sensory domains of ToxR and ToxS in combination with multiple bile acid interaction studies, reveals that a bile binding pocket of ToxS is only properly folded upon binding to ToxR. Our data proposes an interdependent functionality between ToxR transcriptional activity and ToxS sensory function. These findings support the previously suggested link between ToxRS and VtrAC-like co-component systems. Besides VtrAC, ToxRS is now the only experimentally determined structure within this recently defined superfamily, further emphasizing its significance. In-depth analysis of the ToxRS complex reveals its remarkable conservation across various Vibrio species, underlining the significance of conserved residues in the ToxS barrel and the more diverse ToxR sensory domain. Unravelling the intricate mechanisms governing ToxRS’s environmental sensing capabilities, provides a promising tool for disruption of this vital interaction, ultimately inhibiting Vibrio’s survival and virulence. Our findings hold far-reaching implications for all Vibrio strains that rely on the ToxRS system as a shared sensory cornerstone for adapting to their surroundings.
Multiomics analyses reveal dynamic bioenergetic pathways and functional remodeling of the heart during intermittent fasting
Authors: Arumugam Thiruma V , Alli-Shaik Asfa , Liehn Elisa A , Selvaraji Sharmelee , Poh Luting , Rajeev Vismitha , Cho Yoonsuk , Cho Yongeun , Kim Jongho , Kim Joonki , Swa Hannah LF , Hao David Tan Zhi , Rattanasopa Chutima , Fann David Yang-Wei , Mayan David Castano , Ng Gavin Yong-Quan , Baik Sang-Ha , Mallilankaraman Karthik , Gelderblom Mathias , Drummond Grant R , Sobey Christopher G , Kennedy Brian K , Singaraja Roshni R , Mattson Mark P , Jo Dong-Gyu , Gunaratne Jayantha
Published: September 2023

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in both animals and humans, and can protect the heart against ischemic injury in models of myocardial infarction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear. To shed light on the molecular and cellular adaptations of the heart to IF, we conducted comprehensive system-wide analyses of the proteome, phosphoproteome, and transcriptome, followed by functional analysis. Using advanced mass spectrometry, we profiled the proteome and phosphoproteome of heart tissues obtained from mice that were maintained on daily 12- or 16 hr fasting, every-other-day fasting, or ad libitum control feeding regimens for 6 months. We also performed RNA sequencing to evaluate whether the observed molecular responses to IF occur at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. Our analyses revealed that IF significantly affected pathways that regulate cyclic GMP signaling, lipid and amino acid metabolism, cell adhesion, cell death, and inflammation. Furthermore, we found that the impact of IF on different metabolic processes varied depending on the length of the fasting regimen. Short IF regimens showed a higher correlation of pathway alteration, while longer IF regimens had an inverse correlation of metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation and immune processes. Additionally, functional echocardiographic analyses demonstrated that IF enhances stress-induced cardiac performance. Our systematic multi-omics study provides a molecular framework for understanding how IF impacts the heart’s function and its vulnerability to injury and disease.
ICAM-1 nanoclusters regulate hepatic epithelial cell polarity by leukocyte adhesion-independent control of apical actomyosin
Authors: Cacho-Navas Cristina , López-Pujante Carmen , Reglero-Real Natalia , Colás-Algora Natalia , Cuervo Ana , Conesa Jose Javier , Barroso Susana , de Rivas Gema , Ciordia Sergio , Paradela Alberto , D'Agostino Gianluca , Manzo Carlo , Feito Jorge , Andrés Germán , Molina-Jiménez Francisca , Majano Pedro , Correas Isabel , Carazo José-Maria , Nourshargh Sussan , Huch Meritxell , Millán Jaime
Published: September 2023

Epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is apically polarized, interacts with, and guides leukocytes across epithelial barriers. Polarized hepatic epithelia organize their apical membrane domain into bile canaliculi and ducts, which are not accessible to circulating immune cells but that nevertheless confine most of ICAM-1. Here, by analyzing ICAM-1_KO human hepatic cells, liver organoids from ICAM-1_KO mice and rescue-of-function experiments, we show that ICAM-1 regulates epithelial apicobasal polarity in a leukocyte adhesion-independent manner. ICAM-1 signals to an actomyosin network at the base of canalicular microvilli, thereby controlling the dynamics and size of bile canalicular-like structures. We identified the scaffolding protein EBP50/NHERF1/SLC9A3R1, which connects membrane proteins with the underlying actin cytoskeleton, in the proximity interactome of ICAM-1. EBP50 and ICAM-1 form nano-scale domains that overlap in microvilli, from which ICAM-1 regulates EBP50 nano-organization. Indeed, EBP50 expression is required for ICAM-1-mediated control of BC morphogenesis and actomyosin. Our findings indicate that ICAM-1 regulates the dynamics of epithelial apical membrane domains beyond its role as a heterotypic cell–cell adhesion molecule and reveal potential therapeutic strategies for preserving epithelial architecture during inflammatory stress.
DePARylation is critical for S phase progression and cell survival
Authors: Nie Litong , Wang Chao , Huang Min , Liu Xiaoguang , Feng Xu , Tang Mengfan , Li Siting , Hang Qinglei , Teng Hongqi , Shen Xi , Ma Li , Gan Boyi , Chen Junjie
Published: September 2023

Poly(ADP-ribose)ylation or PARylation by PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and dePARylation by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) are equally important for the dynamic regulation of DNA damage response. PARG, the most active dePARylation enzyme, is recruited to sites of DNA damage via pADPr-dependent and PCNA-dependent mechanisms. Targeting dePARylation is considered an alternative strategy to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance. However, precisely how dePARylation functions in normal unperturbed cells remains elusive. To address this challenge, we conducted multiple CRISPR screens and revealed that dePARylation of S phase pADPr by PARG is essential for cell viability. Loss of dePARylation activity initially induced S-phase-specific pADPr signaling, which resulted from unligated Okazaki fragments and eventually led to uncontrolled pADPr accumulation and PARP1/2-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, we demonstrated that proteins involved in Okazaki fragment ligation and/or base excision repair regulate pADPr signaling and cell death induced by PARG inhibition. In addition, we determined that PARG expression is critical for cellular sensitivity to PARG inhibition. Additionally, we revealed that PARG is essential for cell survival by suppressing pADPr. Collectively, our data not only identify an essential role for PARG in normal proliferating cells but also provide a potential biomarker for the further development of PARG inhibitors in cancer therapy.
DePARylation is critical for S phase progression and cell survival
Authors: Nie Litong , Wang Chao , Liu Xiaoguang , Huang Min , Feng Xu , Tang Mengfan , Li Siting , Hang Qinglei , Teng Hongqi , Shen Xi , Ma Li , Gan Boyi , Chen Junjie
Published: September 2023

Poly(ADP-ribose)ylation or PARylation by PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and dePARylation by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) are equally important for the dynamic regulation of DNA damage response. PARG, the most active dePARylation enzyme, is recruited to sites of DNA damage via pADPr-dependent and PCNA-dependent mechanisms. Targeting dePARylation is considered an alternative strategy to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance. However, precisely how dePARylation functions in normal unperturbed cells remains elusive. To address this challenge, we conducted multiple CRISPR screens and revealed that dePARylation of S phase pADPr by PARG is essential for cell viability. Loss of dePARylation activity initially induced S phase-specific pADPr signaling, which resulted from unligated Okazaki fragments and eventually led to uncontrolled pADPr accumulation and PARP1/2-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, we demonstrated that proteins involved in Okazaki fragment ligation and/or base excision repair regulate pADPr signaling and cell death induced by PARG inhibition. In addition, we determined that PARG expression is critical for cellular sensitivity to PARG inhibition. Additionally, we revealed that PARG is essential for cell survival by suppressing pADPr. Collectively, our data not only identify an essential role for PARG in normal proliferating cells but also provide a potential biomarker for the further development of PARG inhibitors in cancer therapy.Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a reversible post-translational modification. Although PARG may have a protective effect against excessive PARP1 engagement, detailed knowledge of PARG’s mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, we showed that PARG participates in DNA replication, especially in Okazaki fragment maturation. Moreover, PARG level is critically important for cellular sensitivity to PARG inhibition, which is a valuable biomarker for PARGi-based therapy.
Fine-tuning spatial-temporal dynamics and surface receptor expression support plasma cell-intrinsic longevity
Authors: Jing Zhixin , Galbo Phillip , Ovando Luis , Demouth Megan , Welte Skylar , Park Rosa , Chandran Kartik , Wu Yinghao , MacCarthy Thomas , Zheng Deyou , Fooksman David
Published: September 2023

Durable serological memory following vaccination is critically dependent on the production and survival of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). Yet, the factors that control LLPC specification and survival remain poorly resolved. Using intra-vital two-photon imaging, we find that in contrast to most plasma cells in the bone marrow, LLPCs are uniquely sessile and organized into clusters that are dependent on April, an important survival factor. Using deep, bulk RNA sequencing, and surface protein flow-based phenotyping, we find that LLPCs express a unique transcriptome and proteome compared to bulk PCs, fine tuning expression of key cell surface molecules, CD93, CD81, CXCR4, CD326, CD44 and CD48, important for adhesion and homing, and phenotypically label LLPCs within mature PC pool. Conditional deletion of
Cxcr4
in PCs following immunization leads to rapid mobilization from the BM, reduced survival of antigen-specific PCs, and ultimately accelerated decay of antibody titer. In naïve mice, the endogenous LLPCs BCR repertoire exhibits reduced diversity, reduced somatic mutations, and increased public clones and IgM isotypes, particularly in young mice, suggesting LLPC specification is non-random. As mice age, the BM PC compartment becomes enriched in LLPCs, which may outcompete and limit entry of new PC into the LLPC niche and pool.LLPCs have reduced motility and increased clustering in the BMLLPCs accumulate in the BM PC pool, with mouse ageLLPCs have unique surfaceome, transcriptome, and BCR clonalityCXCR4 controls maintenance of PCs and antibody titers
Heparan sulfate promotes TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis
Authors: Luo Yin , Hao Huanmeng , Wang Zhangjie , Ong Chih Yean , Dutcher Robert , Xu Yongmei , Liu Jian , Pedersen Lars C , Xu Ding
Published: September 2023

TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a potent inducer of tumor cell apoptosis through TRAIL receptors. While it has been previously pursued as a potential anti-tumor therapy, the enthusiasm subsided due to unsuccessful clinical trials and the fact that many tumors are resistant to TRAIL. In this report, we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an important regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. TRAIL binds HS with high affinity (KD = 73 nM) and HS induces TRAIL to form higher-order oligomers. The HS-binding site of TRAIL is located at the N-terminus of soluble TRAIL, which includes three basic residues. Binding to cell surface HS plays an essential role in promoting the apoptotic activity of TRAIL in both breast cancer and myeloma cells, and this promoting effect can be blocked by heparin, which is commonly administered to cancer patients. We also quantified HS content in several lines of myeloma cells and found that the cell line showing the most resistance to TRAIL has the least expression of HS, which suggests that HS expression in tumor cells could play a role in regulating sensitivity towards TRAIL. We also discovered that death receptor 5 (DR5), TRAIL, and HS can form a ternary complex and that cell surface HS plays an active role in promoting TRAIL-induced cellular internalization of DR5. Combined, our study suggests that TRAIL-HS interactions could play multiple roles in regulating the apoptotic potency of TRAIL and might be an important point of consideration when designing future TRAIL-based anti-tumor therapy.
Supercomputer framework for reverse engineering firing patterns of neuron populations to identify their synaptic inputs
Authors: Chardon Matthieu K. , Wang Y. Curtis , Garcia Marta , Besler Emre , Beauchamp J. Andrew , D’Mello Michael , Powers Randall K. , Heckman Charles J.
Published: September 2023

In this study, we develop new reverse engineering (RE) techniques to identify the organization of the synaptic inputs generating firing patterns of populations of neurons. We tested these techniques
in silico
to allow rigorous evaluation of their effectiveness, using remarkably extensive parameter searches enabled by massively-parallel computation on supercomputers. We chose spinal motoneurons as our target neural system, since motoneurons process all motor commands and have well established input-output properties. One set of simulated motoneurons was driven by 300,000+ simulated combinations of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory inputs. Our goal was to determine if these firing patterns had sufficient information to allow RE identification of the input combinations. Like other neural systems, the motoneuron input-output system is likely non-unique. This non-uniqueness could potentially limit this RE approach, as many input combinations can produce similar outputs. However, our simulations revealed that firing patterns contained sufficient information to sharply restrict the solution space. Thus, our RE approach successfully generated estimates of the actual simulated patterns of excitation, inhibition, and neuromodulation, with variances accounted for ranging from 75% to 90%. It was striking that nonlinearities induced in firing patterns by the neuromodulation inputs did not impede RE, but instead generated distinctive features in firing patterns that aided RE. These simulations demonstrate the potential of this form of RE analysis. It is likely that the ever-increasing capacity of supercomputers will allow increasingly accurate RE of neuron inputs from their firing patterns from many neural systems.
Metabolomics Identifies and Validates Serum Novel Biomarker for Diagnosing Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma and Predicting the Visual Field Progression
Authors: Li Shengjie , Ren Jun , Qiu Yichao , Jiang Zhendong , Shao Mingxi , Li Yingzhu , Wu Jianing , Song Yunxiao , Sun Xinghuai , Cao Wenjun
Published: September 2023

Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and no reliable, effective diagnostic, and predictive biomarkers are used in clinical routines. A growing body of evidence shows metabolic alterations in patients with glaucoma. we aimed to develop and validate potential metabolite biomarkers to diagnose and predict the visual field progression of PACG.Here, we used a 5-phases (discovery phase, validation phase 1, validation phase 2, supplementary phase, and cohort phase) multicenter (EENT hospital, Shanghai Xuhui central hospital), cross-sectional, prospective cohort study design to perform widely-targeted metabolomics and chemiluminescence immunoassay to determine candidate biomarkers. Five machine learning (random forest, support vector machine, lasso, K-Nearest neighbor, and Gaussian NB) approaches were used to identify an optimal algorithm. The discrimination ability was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Calibration was assessed by Hosmer-Lemeshow tests and calibration plots.Studied serum samples were collected from 616 participants, and 1464 metabolites were identified. Machine learning algorithm determines that androstenedione exhibited excellent discrimination and acceptable calibration in discriminating PACG across the discovery phase (discovery set 1, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] =1.0 [95%CI, 1.00-1.00]; discovery set, AUC=0.85 [95%CI, 0.80-0.90]) and validation phases (internal validation, AUC=0.86 [95%CI, 0.81-0.91]; external validation, AUC=0.87 [95%CI, 0.80-0.95]). Androstenedione also exhibited a higher AUC (0.92-0.98) to discriminate the severity of PACG. In the supplemental phase, serum androstenedione levels were consistent with those in aqueous humor (r=0.82, P=0.038) and significantly (P=0.021) decreased after treatment. Further, cohort phase demonstrates that higher baseline androstenedione levels (hazard ratio=2.71 [95% CI: 1.199-6.104], P=0.017) were associated with faster visual field progression.Our study demonstrates serum androstenedione as a novel biomarker that can be used to diagnose PACG and predict visual field progression.
Aporte de los líderes intermedios en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Práctica de Liderazgo Instruccional: monitoreo de metas de los estudiantes
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Del Valle Altamirano María Francisca
Published: September 2023

El liderazgo intermedio es fundamental para la mayoría de los establecimientos educacionales Chilenos. El liderazgo intermedio cumple un rol de mediador entre los jefes (equipo directivo y director) y los docentes, en los colegios tienen el rol de un coordinador de ciclo, o jefe de departamento, o encargado de convivencia escolar, entre otros roles dependiendo de la institución. En general, las personas que cumplen este rol son docentes que ya no hacen clases en el aula, y solamente se dedican a apoyar a los profesores en su labor diaria. Este trabajo reúne una experiencia de profesional, donde se busca ver el impacto que tiene este liderazgo intermedio en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, y cómo a través de una mirada instruccional puede generar cambios en los resultados del aprendizaje. Se presenta una introducción donde podrán ver el marco teórico en el cual se sustenta este trabajo, luego el plan de acción implementado, los resultados obtenidos, un análisis a partir de ellos y finalmente las conclusiones.
Observación y retroalimentación de clases entre docentes pares: un proyecto de diseño e implementación desde el liderazgo instruccional intermedio de un departamento de historia
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Derosas Rodríguez Juan Pablo
Published: September 2023

Desde la perspectiva de la efectividad escolar, los factores a nivel de aula son los que producen mayor impacto en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por ello, la reflexión constante respecto al cómo ejercer la docencia es crucial en tiempos actuales. El siguiente estudio, basado en la investigación acción, se sitúa en un colegio particular subvencionado de la Región Metropolitana, en el cual se detectó que el modelo de observación de clases utilizado, es percibido por los docentes como poco útil y como un instrumento de evaluación desde directivos hacia los docentes. Esta propuesta de intervención pretende mejorar las percepciones respecto a los procesos observación de clases, implementando, a través de la gestión del jefe de departamento, en su rol de líder intermedio, un proceso de observación y retroalimentación de clases entre docentes pares del Departamento de Historia. A través de encuestas a los docentes, de un grupo focal, del análisis de documentos oficiales de la institución intervenida y del análisis de los resultados de aprendizaje, se observa que los docentes mejoraron sus percepciones respecto a los procesos de observaciones de clases. También se observa que los docentes involucrados idearon formas innovadoras para optimizar los tiempos, como las retroalimentaciones cruzadas. Por último se observó que en los niveles donde se concentraron las observaciones de clases, los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes mejoraron progresivamente. Dentro de las conclusiones, se destacan la transferencia de buenas prácticas entre los docentes, y el fortalecimiento del trabajo colaborativo dentro del Departamento de Historia.
Agotamiento profesional (burnout) en docentes: prácticas de liderazgo de prevención y posvención. Estudio de caso en un colegio de la comuna de Dalcahue, Chiloé.
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, González Orellana Natalia Beatriz
Published: September 2023

El presente trabajo describe una investigación-acción en contexto educativo cuyo objetivo fue Crear un plan de acción a partir de una capacitación que concientice al equipo directivo en el agotamiento profesional y sus repercusiones, tanto en el cuerpo docente como en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, para efectuar medidas que incrementen la sensación de bienestar en los educadores. Para esto, se levantó información mediante encuestas, entrevistas y luego se realizó una capacitación al equipo directivo, sostenedoras y docentes, para así crear el plan de acción. Como parte de los resultados principales destaca la apreciación positiva del equipo directivo del proceso de implementación, así como un incremento en la percepción de bienestar por parte de los docentes en la encuesta de cierre.
Efectos de la deleción de FGF21 sobre la resistencia a la insulina en un modelo murino de obesidad severa.
Authors:   , García Cruz Maricarmen
Published: September 2023

Antecedentes: El factor de crecimiento fibroblástico 21 (FGF21) es una hormona peptídica expresada y secretada principalmente por el hígado. Su administración en dosis farmacológicas en modelos murinos de obesidad mejora la tolerancia a la glucosa, sensibilidad a la insulina y reduce los niveles de triglicéridos hepáticos. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la eliminación génica de FGF21 en un modelo de resistencia a la insulina severa asociado a obesidad. Métodos: Ratones obesos deficientes en el receptor de leptina (db/db) que carecían de FGF21 (db/db; Fgf21-/-) fueron caracterizados a los ocho meses de edad. La abundancia de proteínas hepáticas involucradas en la señalización de insulina se determinó por Western Blot. Los niveles plasmáticos de glucosa, insulina, se determinaron mediante técnicas enzimáticas y Ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA). La concentración de triglicéridos y colesterol hepáticos se determinó por técnicas enzimáticas. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con el programa GradPad Prism 6.0 utilizando la prueba estadística de análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA). Resultados: El peso normalizado de los hígados de ratones db/db; Fgf21-/- (6,6±0,6 %) fue significativamente mayor al resto de los grupos. No se observaron diferencias en la abundancia de componentes de la vía de señalización de insulina hepática entre grupos. El grupo db/db; Fgf21-/- presento una tendencia al alza en concentraciones de insulina plasmática (66± 74ng/mL), en niveles hepáticos de triglicéridos (84±10mg/g) y colesterol (3±1.3mg/g), así como niveles significativamente más elevados de triglicéridos plasmáticos (86±1.3mg/dL) con respecto a ratones db/db; Fgf21+/+ y ratones control con receptor de leptina intacto (WT/WT; Fgf21+/+ y WT/WT; Fgf21-/-). Conclusión: La deleción de FGF21 determina mayor hiperinsulinemia y hepatomegalia, posiblemente por acumulación aumentada de lípidos en ratones con resistencia insulínica, sugiriendo que la ausencia de esta hormona agrava la severidad de la resistencia insulínica en animales obesos.
Asociación entre la variante genética p.I148M de PNPLA3 e hígado graso no-alcohólico en adolescentes de la cohorte chilena Estudio de crecimiento y obesidad (ECO)
Authors:   , Lagos de la Fuente Alejandra
Published: September 2023

Introducción: El hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) en un desorden hepático crónico caracterizado por la acumulación hepática de grasa en más del 5% de los hepatocitos. HGNA puede progresar a fibrosis o cirrosis hepática. Su prevalencia global en adultos es de 25%, siendo mayor en el Medio Oriente y en Sudamérica. En Chile su prevalencia en adolescentes es de un 9.7%. Sus causas son multifactoriales, incluyendo factores ambientales/nutricionales relacionados con la obesidad, y susceptibilidad genética. Estudios de asociación de genoma completo han mostrado que existe una asociación entre el polimorfismo p.I148M (C>G; sustitución de isoleucina por metionina) del gen PNPLA3 y la concentración de grasa hepática. Esta variante podría disminuir la actividad lipolítica hepática, aumentando la acumulación de triglicéridos en el hígado. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el polimorfismo p.148M del gen PNPLA3 con la presencia de hígado graso en adolescentes de la cohorte chilena “Estudio de Crecimiento y Obesidad” (ECO). Métodos: Análisis de corte transversal de 784 participantes de la cohorte ECO, quienes fueron genotipados para la variante p.I148M de PNPLA3, realizándose ecografías abdominales para evaluar la presencia de hígado graso en la etapa adolescente (edad: 13-17 años). En un grupo reducido de controles sin hígado graso (n=19) y adolescentes con hígado graso (n=63), se evaluó la asociación entre el polimorfismo p.I148M y grasa hepática medida por resonancia magnética nuclear. Resultados: Al evaluar la asociación entre polimorfismo p.148M de PNPLA3 en distintos modelos, se encontró una tendencia a aumentar el riesgo de tener HGNA, observándose una interacción significativa entre p.I148M y el Z- score de IMC. Según esta interacción, el efecto de susceptibilidad de la variante p.148M sobre HGNA es progresivamente mayor en participantes con mayores z-score de IMC. Específicamente, la concurrencia de obesidad (>2 de z-score IMC) y ser portador de la variante p.148M está ligada a una odds ratio de 14.8 (IC95%: 5.4-40.6) comparado con adolescentes normopeso no-portadores. Conclusión: Se encontró una interacción estadísticamente significativa entre la variante p.I148M en PNPLA3 y el Z- score de IMC en el desarrollo de hígado graso, de tal manera que el riesgo de hígado graso es notoriamente mayor en adolescentes con obesidad portadores de esta variante genética comparado con la ausencia de la mutación.
Intervenciones en los servicios farmacéuticos en atención primaria de salud: scoping review y recomendaciones para el contexto chileno
Authors:   , Pérez Mora Francisco Alfonso
Published: September 2023

Dentro de los grandes desafíos de la salud pública en el contexto de los Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, impulsados por la Organización Mundial de la salud, es el acceso a la atención primaria, la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de salud (incluyendo el uso eficiente de los recursos) y el desafío de abordar la emergencia de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Dentro de los sistemas sanitarios, el rol de profesionales altamente entrenados como los químicos farmaceúticos suele estar relegado a labores administrativas u otras que no aprovechan de manera eficiente sus capacidades y formación. Esto queda plasmado en el documento de posición de la OMS titulado "Servicios farmacéuticos basados en la atención primaria de salud”el año 2013. Objetivos: Identificar intervenciones costo efectivas desde los servicios farmaceúticos luego de la publicación del documento de posición de la OMS. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance siguiendo los lineamientos propuestos por Arksey & O'Malley de estudios primarios donde se refleje la intervención y su impacto, centrado en los pacientes. Resultados: La naturaleza de las intervenciones identificadas es principalmente de carácter educativo para mejorar adherencia y seguridad, así como de identificación de eventos adversos, y otras intervenciones como cese tabáquico y optimización de la prescripción. Conclusiones: Los químicos farmacéuticos pueden tener un rol esencial de cara a mejorar la adherencia y seguridad de los tratamientos, así como la educación al paciente en el contexto de atención primaria en salud. Pero es necesario abordar barreras y brechas de conocimiento en efectividad, costo-efectividad, sostenibilidad, recursos humanos y tiempo para estas intervenciones
Mercado de orgânicos no Brasil: canais de comercialização, políticas públicas e análise SWOT
Authors: Mariano Beatriz Saraiva , Montebello Adriana Estela Sanjuan , Marjotta-Maistro Marta Cristina
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral apresentar o mercado de orgânicos no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2020, com destaque para o estudo dos canais de comercialização acessados por este mercado, bem como analisar este mercado por meio do ferramental da análise SWOT nestes últimos 20 anos. A metodologia de pesquisa é exploratória (levantamento e articulação da revisão de literatura) e, também, apresenta natureza qualitativa por meio da aplicação da análise SWOT. No que se refere ao avanço da produção orgânica foi possível concluir que esta tem crescido cada vez mais, visto que o número de estabelecimentos com produção orgânica cresceu em mais de 1.000%, passando de 5.106 em 2006, para 64.690 em 2017. A região de destaque na produção foi a Sudeste, seguida pelo Nordeste, Sul, Norte e Centro-Oeste. Mediante aos estados que possuem o maior número de estabelecimentos, em primeiro lugar, se encontra Minas Gerais, logo após o Paraná, Pernambuco, São Paulo e Pará. Todavia, a região que mais consome produtos orgânicos é a Sul, sendo a principal motivação a busca por uma alimentação mais saudável. Em relação ao perfil destes consumidores, foi possível concluir com a presente pesquisa que o gênero que mais compra produtos orgânicos são as mulheres. Quanto a escolaridade dos indivíduos, em sua maioria possuem ensino superior. Mediante ao estado civil dos consumidores, os casados e solteiros aparecem como destaque. Sobre os canais de comercialização acessados, foi possível concluir que os principais canais de distribuição de produtos orgânicos no Brasil são as feiras livres, supermercados, restaurantes e lojas especializadas, sobressaindo-se a venda direta. Desta forma, foi traçada a matriz SWOT, afim de identificar as oportunidades, fraquezas, forças e ameaças, almejando criar estratégias de fortalecimento deste mercado. As questões como saúde e, portanto, a busca por uma alimentação mais saudável, principalmente, diante da pandemia, além das questões ambientais, visto que essa produção visa a manutenção da saúde do solo e principalmente pelo não emprego de químicos, gera oportunidades e pontos fortes para esse mercado. Por outro lado, a escassez de crédito bancários ou até mesmo pela assistência técnica, além da sua escala de produção menor, acaba encarecendo os produtos para o mercado consumidor. Além disso, as políticas públicas são importantes para influenciar na estrutura e desempenho da produção orgânica, por intermédio do oferecimento de créditos bancários com o Plano Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica- PLANAPO, assistência técnica fornecida pela Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural- ATER e geração de novos meios de comercialização, sendo Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos-PAA e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar-PNAE.
The relationship of economic growth, income inequality and poverty: a study on developing countries
Authors: Doğan Fırat Cem , Aslan Mehmet Hanifi
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the relationship between income inequality, poverty and economic growth in selected eight developing countries determined by the World Bank's Atlas method between 2000 and 2020. The problem of the study is the increasing and deepening income inequality and poverty in developing countries in recent years. In this context, panel data analysis was chosen to reveal the relationship between income inequality, poverty and economic growth in developing countries, and a wide data set such as gini coefficient, head number index, per capita national income, democracy index, human development index and misery index was used. Income inequality, poverty and economic growth were analyzed with three different models) and compared with each other. Considering the results of the analysis, the Durbin-Hausman cointegration test was conducted to reveal the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables, and the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship between the variables was determined. According to the results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test, a bidirectional causality relationship was found between the variables. According to panel regression analysis, it was determined that while per capita increases in national income increase income inequalities, increases in democracy and per capita income reduce poverty, and increases in democracy index increase per capita income. According to the results, various social, economic and political policies have been proposed to reduce income inequality and poverty and increase economic growth.
Indústria 4.0: caminhos da transição e estratégias de inovação em empresas de autopeças no Brasil
Authors: Ruggero Sergio Miele , Dos Santos Nilza Aparecida , Da Silva Márcia Terra
Published: September 2023

A integração de tecnologias associadas às estratégias de inovação pode favorecer a competitividade em empresas de pequeno e médio porte. Ainda que para essas empresas os entraves sejam maiores, tornando a transição à Indústria 4.0 mais lenta quando ocorreram às organizações de grande porte, facilitadores como o lean manufacturing e adotadas de estratégias inovadoras podem acelerar o acesso à transição. O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar e analisar como os impedimentos, ganhos e facilitadores para a transição à Indústria 4.0, influenciam as estratégias de inovação de pequenas e médias empresas do segmento automotivo no Brasil.Os métodos utilizados foram uma pesquisa survey aplicada a 51 gestores da área industrial de empresas do segmento automotivo e estudo de caso único em uma empresa de autopeças, de porte médio, localizada na Grande São Paulo. Os principais resultados apontaram que estratégias inovadoras podem propiciar a criação de novos negócios, além de indicar meios e caminhos possíveis para facilitar o acesso de empresas do segmento automotivo à transição para a Indústria 4.0.
Demonstração de fluxo de caixa do Estado de São Paulo: análises com suporte da Teoria da Divulgação
Authors: Da Silva Maurício Corrêa
Published: September 2023

As demonstrações contábeis, os relatórios e demonstrativos fiscais, orçamentários, patrimoniais, econômicos e financeiros previstos em lei ou em acordos nacionais ou internacionais devem ser elaborados com a adoção de Sistema Único e Integrado de Execução Orçamentária, Administração Financeira e Controle (SIAFIC). Além de observar um padrão mínimo de qualidade, a Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN) emite instruções para elaborar as demonstrações contábeis e fiscais. A Demonstração de Fluxo de Caixa (DFC) foi criada por ocasião da edição de novos padrões de contabilidade aplicada ao setor público. Esta investigação tem o objetivo de evidenciar se existem inconsistências contábeis na Demonstração de Fluxo de Caixa (Consolidada) do Estado de São Paulo, nos anos de 2021 e 2022, com o suporte da Teoria da Divulgação. Os dados foram extraídos da Demonstração dos Fluxos de Caixa (consolidado), do Balanço Financeiro (consolidado), do Balanço Orçamentário (consolidado), do Relatório Resumido de Execução Orçamentária (RREO) e do Relatório de Gestão Fiscal (RGF) do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados revelaram que existem inconsistências contábeis na Demonstração de Fluxo de Caixa (Consolidada) do Estado de São Paulo: o modelo da DFC do ano de 2022 difere do apresentado pela Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional – STN; não consta os pagamentos de restos a pagar; foi realizada a inclusão de Variação em Depósitos Restituíveis e Valores Vinculados para ajustar receitas e despesas e foi realizado aquisições de ativos não circulantes com recursos de operações de crédito e não foram evidenciadas. Os achados sinalizam que existe a necessidade da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN) rever o modelo da Demonstração de Fluxo de Caixa (DFC) aplicada ao setor público. Além de avançar na literatura contábil aplicada ao setor público brasileiro com as contribuições, o estudo contribui do ponto de vista social para minimizar a assimetria informacional e serve como controle social.
Size of mini-cuttings for the production of Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenshild seedlings
Authors: Dos Santos Mateus Macena , Arriel Eder Ferreira , Bastos Paulo de Melo , Freire Antônio Lucineudo de Oliveira , Ferreira Cheila Deisy , Do Carmo Flávio Cipriano de Assis , Leite Graziele Vasconcelos , De França George Martins
Published: September 2023

The appropriate size of minicuttings in the clonal propagation of plants by minicutting varies according to the species and must be tested experimentally. In this context, the objective was to evaluate three sizes of minicuttings for the production of clonal seedlings by the minicutting process of the species Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenshild. Minicuttings with sizes of 5 cm, 8 cm and 11 cm in length were evaluated for survival, rooting and seedling quality formed by the minicutting technique. According to the results obtained and also taking into account that the smaller the propagule used for clonal propagation, the greater the number of minicuttings are obtained, it is recommended to use minicuttings with a length of 8 cm.
O empoderamento feminino e as cadeias curtas: uma análise na Feira do Produtor Rural de Marechal Cândido Rondon/PR e espaços conexos
Authors: Hoffmann Glauci Aline , Gubert Flavia Piccinin Paz , Basso Dirceu
Published: September 2023

As mulheres sempre foram subordinadas as vontades dos homens e tratadas como seres inferiores, tanto que, por muito anos, nem ao menos eram reconhecidas como sujeito de direitos. No entanto, após muitas lutas, o reconhecimento dos direitos das mulheres e da importância do trabalho destas vem ganhando força. Em relação a economia solidária, por sua vez, se destaca como nova forma de economia em razão de que envolve todos os sujeitos do processo, cuja efetividade pode aumentar quando utilizada em cadeias curtas de comercialização. A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar a participação das feirantes da Associação Feira de Marechal Cândido Rondon/PR na produção, na organização da família, na sua participação na feira e na comunidade geral. Assim, se analisa como a economia solidária praticada em cadeias curtas, pode contribuir para a diminuição das desigualdades entre homens e mulheres. A pesquisa realizou-se por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, bem como com o levantamento de dados empíricos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados demonstraram que as mulheres feirantes participam integralmente do processo produtivo nas propriedades exploradas, ocupam e dividem espaços com os homens na produção, bem como na realização e administração da Feira de Produtores Rurais de Marechal Cândido Rondon/PR.  Porém, no que diz respeito as tarefas domésticas, estas, ainda, são realizadas exclusivamente pelas mulheres. A pesquisa também demonstrou que as mulheres possuem grande preocupação com a qualidade dos produtos comercializados na feira, com o meio ambiente em geral e que realizam várias práticas de sustentabilidade. Assim, observa-se que a venda de produtos pelas famílias de agricultores familiares nas modalidades de comercialização nas cadeias curtas permite uma maior valorização das atividades das mulheres e respeito à estas. No entanto, ainda é preciso percorrer um longo caminho na busca pela igualdade entre homens e mulheres.
Impacto de aspectos do frete, e suas interações com promoção na intenção de compra, confiança e valor da marca de varejistas online
Authors: Victorino Walter Alves , Moura Luiz Rodrigo Cunha , Gonçalves Filho Cid
Published: September 2023

O comércio eletrônico faz com que se entenda que a modalidade varejista vive uma nova era. Sua ascensão, a partir da década de setenta e impulsionado pela Internet consolida-se com as inovações tecnológicas na década de noventa. Neste cenário, a compreensão do comportamento do consumidor passa a ser fundamental na busca de estratégias, que não só consolide o mercado e a sua expansão, mas possa oferecer mais valor para os diferentes segmentos de clientes. O objetivo deste artigo é testar por meio de um experimento, como os consumidores avaliam e respondem aos impactos do frete (valor, prazo) e promoção na compra do comércio eletrônico, na dimensão das variáveis independentes, em relação a confiança da marca, valor da marca e na intenção de compra, variáveis dependentes. Foi desenvolvido um experimento formato 3x2x3, cujas relações estabeleceram combinações que envolveram essas variáveis. Os estímulos, utilizados para essas variáveis foram obtidas a partir da opinião de três especialistas de marketing. Posteriormente, para o teste do modelo hipotético da pesquisa, utilizou-se o teste MANOVA. Resultados indicaram que a modelagem testada a partir das 10 hipóteses construídas entre as variáveis não foram apoiadas. O que a princípio pode indicar que a reação do consumidor em relação às estratégias de utilização do preço e prazo do frete como diferencial promocional, não mais o é. Como contribuições gerenciais, os dados indicam que para o tênis que possui um ticket médio bem acima das compras do consumidor brasileiro, as promoções e os valores de frete não são tão importantes.
MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI (SCIATICA) THROUGH RAKTAMOKSHANA BY USING GHATI YANTRA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Wasnik Shubham , Survase Megha , UK Neralkar
Published: September 2023

More than three-quarters of the world's population suffers from Gridhrasi (sciatica), which has a substantial incidence rate. It is characterized by the onset of ruja (pain), toda (pricking), and stambha (stiffness), initially in sphika (gluteal region) and then radiating distally to kati-prishtha (low back), janu (knee), jangha (thigh) till pada (feet). The patients suffering from Gridhrasi have restricted movements due to painful limbs, affecting their daily routine activities. it can be correlated with sciatica. Here is the case of 48 years old female suffering from pain in the lumbar region and radiating to right lower extremities along with tingling and numbness, difficulty walking, for the last 3 years with increasing severity. The patient was diagnosed with a case of Gridhrasi. The patient was treated with Ghati yantra raktamokshana shows a significant result. It can have a long-lasting result, a safe, cost-effective, and less invasive treatment modality in Gridhrasi may reduce the intensity of ruja, toda, sthambha and thereby it may improve the quality of life.