bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dengue, Chikungunya e vírus Zika na Região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Eduvirgem Renan Valério , Ferreira Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa , Periçato André Jesus , Santos Denis Cereja dos
Published: April 2018

Os estudos biogeográficos correlacionados a geografia da saúde estão cotidianamente sendo ampliados para as mais diversas temáticas, principalmente para os estudos do Aedes aegypti como vetor. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar os casos do dengue, chikungunya, nos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos de 2015 e 2016, e, do vírus Zika em 2016. A partir dos resultados, foi possível demonstrar a incidência e o aumento dos casos no período estudado. Sugere-se necessário o aumento de campanhas por parte do governo e intensificação dos cuidados com a água parada, principalmente pela população, ao longo do ano.
Ação do governo militar na cultura e a crítica de música popular brasileira de Aramis Millarch
Authors: Bergold Rogério De Brito , Freitas Júnior Miguel Archanjo de
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a ação do governo militar na área da cultura e a atuação do jornalista Aramis Millarch (1943-1992) na crítica de música popular brasileira no jornal O ESTADO DO PARANÁ, entre os anos de 1965 e 1975. Partindo-se do documento oficial Política Nacional de Cultura (1975), observou-se que se almejava a formação de uma identidade nacional e o estímulo ao consumo. Em relação às críticas de Millarch, definiram-se seis categorias: 1) A Melhor Música Popular; 2) Associação dos Pesquisadores da Música Popular Brasileira; 3) Música Popular no Paraná; 4) Indústria fonográfica; 5) Apreciação Musical; 6) Distinção de Público.
David Cooper (1949-2018)
Authors: Lederman Michael M.
Published: April 2018

David A Cooper, an internationally renowned AIDS researcher, clinician and an Associate Editor of Pathogens and Immunity died in Sydney Australia on Sunday March 18,  just a month shy of his 69th birthday.
On soft fuzzy metric spaces and topological structure
Authors: Erduran Ferhan Sola , Yigit Ebru , Alar Rabia , Gezici Ayten
Published: April 2018

In this paper we examine some topological properties of soft fuzzy metric space which introduced in [5].We dene the concepts such as countability, convergence, completeness in soft fuzzy metric spaces and alsowe establish some related theorems to this denitions.
Crianças como críticos musicais em sala de aula: processos intersubjetivos na aprendizagem criativa
Authors: Beineke Viviane
Published: April 2018

No campo das pesquisas sobre criatividade e composições infantis, observa-se uma preocupação progressiva com perspectivas educacionais que procuram ouvir as crianças, ganhando relevância as análises e críticas musicais realizadas pelas próprias crianças. Nessa perspectiva, são discutidos processos intersubjetivos de crítica musical construídos na aprendizagem criativa, referencial teórico que orienta esta pesquisa. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com uma turma das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental. Com abordagem qualitativa, a metodologia incluiu observação direta, entrevistas semiestruturadas e de reflexão com vídeo com a professora e grupos focais com as crianças. Nesse processo, elas analisaram, refletiram, discutiram e avaliaram suas composições musicais, tornando possível conhecer as ideias de música que orientavam os seus comentários e críticas. Quando as crianças davam sugestões sobre as composições dos colegas, elas revelavam, cada qual a seu modo, a concepção sobre como a música deveria ser, ao mesmo tempo em que novas ideias de música eram introduzidas e incorporadas. Observou-se que os processos intersubjetivos de avaliação, sob enfoque que inclui a análise, a reflexão e a crítica musical, abriram espaço para a ampliação das ideias de música das crianças, acionando a aprendizagem criativa. Os resultados revelaram a construção de critérios intersubjetivos de crítica musical pelos alunos e alunas que, mediados pela professora, negociavam e compartilhavam ideias de música. Assim, o grupo pôde configurar uma comunidade de prática musical, em um processo de entendimento compartilhado que constitui a base de construções sociais e pedagógicas em que professores e alunos(as) podem transformar-se em sujeitos/atores do aprender juntos.
Detection of Changes in Land Use/ Land Cover Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Area East of the Nile Khartoum State-Sudan
Authors: E.M.A Babiker, , M.M Ibrahim, , A.M.H Elhag, , S.H Nser, , M.A Elsheikh, , M.S Dafaalla, , I.S Ibrahim,
Published: April 2018

The study area lies to the east of the Nile (Sharg Elneel), Khartoum State (latitudes 15o 25̎ 1̍ and 16° 19̎ 1̍ N and longitudes 33° 19̎ 8̍ and 33°02̎ 9̍ E). Using remote sensing techniques and geographic information system (GIS), the changes in land cover/land use have been estimated using two methods: supervised and unsupervised classification. the images were those of the years 1973, 2001, and 2015 MSS, ETM, ETM+, respectively(173/49 & 173/48 path/ row). The study area was classified into the following nine LU/LC types: water bodies, vegetation, rocky area, sandy soil, sandy sheet, clayey soil, bare soil, sand dunes and settlement areas. The individual areas covered by each type of land use/ land cover were calculated for each image using supervised and unsupervised classification. Then the areas were compared among the different years (images). The results indicated a decrease in areas of sandy soil, water bodies, vegetation cover, sand dunes, clay soil, and bare soil for years 1973-2001 and 1973-2015.  That was associated with significant increase in settlement area, sand sheet for the same period. As for the period 2001 and 2015 was an increase in the areas of vegetation, sandy soil, dunes, clay soil, and settlement. While there was a decrease in water bodies, rocky area, sand sheet and bar soil. A striking result of his study was an increase of 50% in the settlement area for the period 1973 – 2015. This indicated that more drift of people towards the Capital took place during this period possibly due to drought and civil strife. Also people come to Khartoum to have better living conditions, education, health care and to work and may be they look at Khartoum as a spring board for going abroad. This study recommended the use of remote sensing techniques and geographic information system in the follow up of desertification and land degradation by following changes in land cover and land use. It also recommended that sand movement (sand encroachment) shall be retarded possibly through increasing vegetation cover through seed broadcasting of pasture and range plants during the rainy season and to exploit the ground water of the NSS aquifer for irrigation.
Alternative Dewatering System - Coalbed Methane Wells
Authors: JPT Staff _
Published: April 2018

This article is a synopsis of paper SPE 30982, "Dewatering of Coalbed Methane Wells with Hydraulic Gas Pump," by M. Amani, SPE, and H.C. Juvkam-Wold, SPE, Texas A&M U., originally presented at the 1995 Eastern Regional Conference and Exhibition, Morgantown, WV, Sept. 17-21. Please read the full-length paper for additional detail, illustrations, and references.
Liu-Nagel phase diagrams in infinite dimension
Authors: Biroli Giulio , Urbani Pierfrancesco
Published: April 2018

We study Harmonic Soft Spheres as a model of thermal structural
glasses in the limit of infinite dimension. We show that cooling,
compressing and shearing a glass lead to a Gardner transition and,
hence, to a marginally stable amorphous solid as found for Hard Spheres
systems. A general outcome of our results is that a reduced stability of
the glass favors the appearance of the Gardner transition. Therefore
using strong perturbations, e.g. shear and compression, on standard
glasses or using weak perturbations on weakly stable glasses, e.g. the
ones prepared close to the jamming point, are the generic ways to induce
a Gardner transition. The formalism that we discuss allows to study
general perturbations, including strain deformations that are important
to study soft glassy rheology at the mean field level.
INTERRELATION BETWEEN THE TYPES OF SOCIAL PERSONNEL POLICY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RELIABILITY OF CIVIL OFFICERS AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES
Authors: Dukhnovsky S. V.
Published: April 2018

The current research uses empirical material to define the dominating types of social personnel policy exerted by civil and local government officers. It establishes the interrelations between the personnel policy type and a regulatory, individualtypological or professional-psychological component of reliability of employees. The paper describes personnel risks according to the types of personnel policy of civil / local government officers with various professional and psychological types of personality (leader, performer, communicator, and generator). The research has proved the following hypothesis: a mismatch between the type of social personnel policy in the organization and its assessment by the employees resulting from regulatory, individual-typological or professional-psychological features of reliability is a source of personnel risks that can reduce safety of the organization. It has been established that each type of social personnel policy (inert one, demagogue, pragmatist, and stable one) has specific personnel risks resulting from the regulatory, individual-typological and professionalpsychological components of reliability of the civil officers and local government employees. An assessment of regulatory, individual-typological and professionalpsychological features of a civil / local government officer as components of his or her reliability can be identified with the help of personal and professional diagnostics; it can be used in personnel policy and in performance assessment. Social personnel policy assessment is a factor of increasing personnel safety of the organization in general; it acts as a condition of personnel risk management and concerns the risks caused by individual and psychological features of civil / local government officers.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS AMONG PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS MEMBERS WITH VARIOUS CRISIS PROFILES
Authors: Zhuravleva Ju. A.
Published: April 2018

The current paper features some results of an empirical study of interpersonal relations among members of pedagogical process exhibiting various «crisis profiles». It is shown that those with a variable «crisis profile» reveal differences in the relations according to harmony – disharmony. It has been empirically proven that crisis experience has a significant impact on the components of the socio-psychological distance between various participants of pedagogical process. The research has revealed that crisis experience in interpersonal relations has general and distinctive features in various systems of relations, i.e. "teacher – teacher", "teacher – administration", "teacher – student", "teacher –parents". "Teacher – administration" relations are especially sensitive to the destructive crisis experience. On the contrary, "teacher – children" relations remain harmonious and based on mutual understanding and emotional intimacy. The results can be used in psychological follow-up of pedagogical process aimed at prevention and overcoming of destructive crisis experience in the interpersonal relations among pedagogical process members.
LIVE AUTHENTICITY OF MEETINGS AND PROBLEMS OF CREATIVE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE EPOCH OF REMOTE EDUCATION
Authors: Kabrin V. I.
Published: April 2018

The paper features the problem of the optimal ratio of distance learning and live learning (face to face) in the training of transfessionals. The main issue here is how to prepare creative leaders in the midst of a real live authentic communication of students and teachers. This problem is complicated by the rapid development of distance education. It entails multiple game animations of virtual realities. The research contains a communicative-holistic analysis of the potential of the Meeting with the Unknown. It is the central factor in the actualization of creativity and leadership. Meeting as a transcommunicative event always brings the semantic essence into the interaction. The result is the dissolution of the boundaries of the ego and the decentration. The study points out emergent, attractive, fractal and holodynamic levels of the psychological noodynamics of a meeting in a universal holistic context. As a result, 16 main psychonoethical factors of the meeting are singled out. At the level of psychonoethical attention is drawn to the increasing mobility of experiences of energy tone, information impressions, dynamics of space and time. At the psychodynamic level, the main phases of the meeting are identified as stress-transformation: stress-mobilization, reorientation, transformation, renewal (updating). Thus, the meeting reveals all the most significant psychological factors of personality of a creative leader. This program and matrix of meetings are the current basis of research projects formation aimed at development of personal and network creative leadership.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BODY IMAGE IN TEENAGE GIRLS ENGAGED IN FIGURE SKATING
Authors: Morozova I. S. , Belogai K. N. , Kagan E. S.
Published: April 2018

The paper features the results of the study of the body image content characteristics in adolescent girls. The empirical study involved 12–14 year-old girls engaged in figure skating, and those not engaged in sports. The body image analysis was based on questionnaires and projective methods. It has been revealed that the content characteristics of the body image are interrelated with the parameters of self-relationship and self-esteem, regardless of whether the girl is engaged in sports or not. At the same time, athletes mostly appreciate the functional characteristics of the body, i.e. its activity and strength, whereas the girls in the control group assess their appearance. The gap between the real and the ideal body images appears to be higher in athletes. Comparison of the correlation matrices in the two groups shows that, in the group of athletes, the self-relationship parameters are correlated with the body evaluation, the evaluation of its strength, activity and functional characteristics. In the control group, the self-relationship parameters are related both to the functional characteristics of the body and to the appearance evaluation.
EKPHRASIS AND ITS FUNCTIONING IN THE NOVEL "POINT COUNTER POINT" BY ALDOUS HUXLEY
Authors: Karpukhina T. P.
Published: April 2018

The current article features the phenomenon of ekphrasis in the novel "Point Counter Point" by Aldous Huxley. The ekphrastic text consists of two conspicuous parts, the central and the peripheral ones. Various aspects of ekphrasis are subjected to analysis. The aesthetic component of the ekphrastic text reveals itself in the description of the picture painted by the main hero as a genuine work of art with great aesthetic value. The semiotic component manifests itself in the phenomenon of semiotic transference: the iconic signs of painting are translated into the verbal signs of a work of literature. The ekphrastic text, the signifier, points at the signified, i.e. the painting, described in the novel. The archetypal component reveals itself in the specific features of the description of the painting, as represented both in an ekphrastic dialogue and a monologue. These invariable features refer the reader to the archetypal scheme of such a description, elaborated in the ancient Greek classic literature. The linguistic component reveals itself in the perceptive vocabulary of the ekphrastic description that encourages the reader-beholder to marvel at the image and evokes a sense of beauty. The hermeneutic aspect reveals itself not only in the interpretation of the painting but also in the interpretation of the meaning of art itself, which is timeless and opposite to the mundane. The article also considers the following functions of ekphrasis: an aesthetically-appreciative, a semiotic, an archetypal, an emotionally-expressive, a character-drawing, and a hermeneutic function.
ORGANIZATION OF NOTARY BUSINESS IN SIBERIA BEFORE 1896: THE YENISEI PROVINCE
Authors: Karchaeva T. G.
Published: April 2018

The current paper features organization and operation of notaries in Siberia before 1896. The data obtained have revealed that the Statute of Notaries reached Siberia some thirty years after it had been issued in Central Russia in 1866. The article contains information about the development of the history of Notarial Institute in the Yenisei province before and after the Siberian Notary Reform of 1896. It has been concluded that Siberia had regional peculiarities in its management in the pre-revolutionary period of Russian history. In the XVIII century notary functions were performed by clerks, bailiffs and "weeklings", after 1822 – by officials of city councils and police employees (e.g. the city of Turukhansk). The author notes that the rapid social and economic changes in Siberia predetermined the need for the development of the pre-reform notary as an independent legal institution. Archival materials reveal that the first notary began his work in Krasnoyarsk as late as in 1883, and he was not a state servant, the way it was in Central Russia, but was elected by the local municipal authorities; what is more, neither authorities nor society had any influence on his activities. It was concluded that the pre-1896 Siberian notaries had a number of regional features that played their role in the pre-revolutionary period of Russian history.
PROBLEMS OF EVACUATION HOSPITALS OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION IN 1941–1943 AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF V. F. VOYNO-YASENETSKY (ST. LUKA)
Authors: Kozhevnikov S. V.
Published: April 2018

The current paper is the first to present some of the key activities and operational problems of evacuation hospitals in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the whole hospital system of the Krasnoyarsk territory in the first years of the Great Patriotic war. In addition, the paper touches upon the key aspects of the medical, pedagogical and scientific work of the famous surgeon V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky (St. Luka), who worked in Krasnoyarsk evacuation hospitals in 1941 – 1943. The research goal is to reveal the foundations of the diverse activities of evacuation hospitals for the treatment of wounded patients from the moment of their arrival by the military-sanitary trains in the city, further sorting and hospitalization of the wounded into a specialized or General surgical hospital, as well as stressing the importance of the rescue activity conducted by professor and surgeon V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky in the system of evacuation hospitals. The results of this study can be used by historians of the war period, including those who are involved in the study of history of medicine during the wartime and V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky's biographers.
SOVIET MONOPROFILE CITIES: THE STORY BEHIND AND KEY FEATURES
Authors: Meerovich M. G.
Published: April 2018

The paper features the reasons, as well as the fundamental principles that led to the mass phenomenon of single-industry industrial cities – first, during the first (Stalin) wave of industrialization in the USSR, and then, during the second (Khrushchev) wave of Soviet industrialization. The goal is to prove that this type of settlements is a unique phenomenon, because the economic and political system was unique: they emerged within the framework of strictly specific programs for the implementation of industrial, resettlement, town-planning, housing, and migration policies. Moreover, the Soviet urbanization in itself was a very specific phenomenon of completely artificial nature, since there was nothing natural in settlements erected by order around newlybuilt industrial enterprises. The research employs the methods of comparative and critical analysis. The field of application is the Russian history, the history of Soviet urban planning, political science, and municipal government. Conclusions: Soviet mono-profile cities were the brainchild of the socio-political, industrial, economic, and command-administrative system shaped by the Soviet government. In the period of industrialization, they functioned as production and technological centers, as well as administrative and territorial areas, acting as key nuclei of the settlement system, and later in the 1970s, as elements of community systems within agglomerations.
FEATURES OF MANIFESTATION OF SUPERSTITION AND VIEWS ON THE NATURE OF SUPERSTITION AT DIFFERENT AGE STAGES
Authors: Andryushkova N. P.
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of superstition as a psychological property of the individual. The current research is based on various studies aimed at establishing the reasons that encourage people to appeal to superstitions, and features the main motives for using superstitious and rituals in everyday life. The initial stage of superstition formation has been analyzed. A thorough study on the transformation of superstitiousness at different age stages together with the analysis of its causes involved 300 respondents aged 19 – 60 that were divided into three age groups – the young, the first period maturity and the second period maturity. The author has compared the views on the nature and definition of superstitions, the characteristics of various superstitious ritual activities in different age groups, analyzed the level of expression of average superstition and its individual components in each age group.
Çocuk İhmalini ve İstismarını Önlemede Okul Çalışanlarının Sorumlulukları
Authors: KOÇTÜRK Nilüfer
Published: April 2018

Sağlıklı nesiller yetiştirmek öncelikle sağlıklı çocuklarla
mümkündür ve çocuğa kötü muamele de buna engel olan bir sorundur. Birçok
araştırma bulguları çocuk istismarına ve ihmaline maruz kalmanın çocuğu yaşam
boyu etkilediğini ve ruhsal sorunlar, depresyon, travma sonrası stres
bozukluğu, madde bağımlılığı, intihar girişimi ve özyaralama gibi tıbbi,
psikolojik ve davranış bozukluklarına yol açtığını göstermektedir. Eğitim hayatına devam eden
çocukların gün içinde evlerinden daha çok okulda zaman geçirdikleri düşünüldüğünde,
çocuk istismarını ve ihmalini önleme ve müdahale çalışmalarında okullara büyük
görevler düşmektedir. Ayrıca, okul ortamı çocuk istismarı ve ihmali için koruyucu
bir faktör olabileceği gibi bir risk faktörü de olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu
çalışmada çocuk istismarını ve ihmalini önleme ve bu soruna
müdahale konusunda okul ortamında yapılması gerekenler okul çalışanları (okul
yöneticileri, öğretmenler ve okul psikolojik danışmanı) açısından ele alınmış
ve ilgili alanyazın ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada önerilen eğitimsel ve yasal düzenlemelerin Türkiye’de çocuk
koruma sistemini geliştireceği, daha güvenli bir okul iklimini oluşturacağı ve
risk altındaki çocuklara yönelik eğitim faaliyetlerinin etkinliğini artıracağı
düşünülmektedir.
Memorization Test and Resting State EEG Components in Mild and Subjective Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Mazzon Giulia , De Dea Federica , Cattaruzza Tatiana , Manganotti Paolo , Monti Fabrizio , Accardo Agostino
Published: April 2018

Background:

Mild (MCI) and Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI) are conditions at risk
of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Differential between normal aging at early stages can be really
challenging; available biomarkers need to be combined and can be quite invasive and expensive.

Objective:

The aim of this pilot study is to examine possible EEG alterations in MCI and SCI compared
to controls, analyzing if a cognitive task could highlight early AD hallmarks.

Method:

We recruited 11 MCI, 8 SCI and 7 healthy subjects as controls (CS), all matched for age and
education. Neuropsychological assessment and EEG recording, at resting state and during a mental
memory task, were performed. Classical spectral measures and nonlinear parameters were used to characterize
EEGs.

Results:

During cognitive task, α-band power reduction was found predominantly in frontal regions in
SCI and CS, diffused to all regions in MCI; moreover, decreased EEG complexity was found in SCI
compared to controls. The α -band power attenuation restricted to frontal regions in SCI during a free
recall task (involving frontal areas), suggests that MCI patients compensate for encoding deficit by activating
different brain networks to perform the same task. Furthermore, EEG complexity reduction - that
has been found already in SCI - could be a possible early hallmark of AD.

Conclusion:

This study draws attention on the importance of nonlinear approach in EEG analysis and
the potential role of cognitive task in highlighting EEG alterations at very early stages of cognitive impairment;
EEG could therefore have a practical impact on dementia diagnosis.
Enantioselective Reduction Reactions Using Chiral Ionic Liquids: An Overview
Authors: Singh Avtar , Kaur Nirmaljeet , Chopra Harish Kumar
Published: April 2018

Background:

Enantioselective reduction reactions play a key role to synthesize compounds of industrial
importance. A number of metal and biocatalysts have been developed for their use in this reaction.
Chiral ionic liquids (CILs) have been widely used as the reaction medium and the organocatalysts in enantioselective
reduction reactions.

Objective:

This paper focuses on the systematic literature review about the use of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) in
the enantioselective reduction reaction. The mechanistic aspects of these species are also taken into account.

Conclusion:

This review concludes that a number of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) have been successfully employed
as the organocatalysts and the reaction medium in the enantioselective reduction reactions. The review
also gives an insight into the role of these species in the reaction mechanism. For most of the reactions, chiral
ionic liquids provide promising results in terms of yield and enantioselectivity. The recyclability of these chiral
moieties from the reaction mixtures offers an additional benefit for the use of these species in asymmetric reactions.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Thymus fontanesii Essential Oil from Algeria
Authors: Lamia Sid Ali , Moussa Brada , Marie-Laure Fauconnier , Georges Lognay
Published: April 2018

Background:

Thymus fontanesii is one of the important Algerian plants, used traditionally
to treat the cough and cold. In addition, it may help to protect the people against lipid peroxidation
and oxidative stress and can be used as an antioxidant agent for the preservation of processed
food.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of Algerian Thymus
fontanesii essential oil and to test its antioxidant activity.

Methods:

The oil was extracted by electromagnetic induction (EMI) heating assisted extraction and
by hydrodistillation, and was analysed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector
(GC/FID) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was
evaluated by three assays mainly: DPPH assay, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid.

Results:

The yield of the essential oil was varied from 2.1 ± 0.3 to 3.1 ± 0.1% (w/w), and from 1.8 ±
0.01 to 2.6 ± 0.02% (w/w), for the electromagnetic induction heating assisted extraction and hydrodistillation,
respectively. Twenty seven components were identified representing 95.6 - 99.9% of the
oil. Carvacrol (54.7 ± 1.2 - 63.9 ± 1.9%) was the major compound followed by p-cymene (9.2 ± 1.2
- 17.5 ± 1.2%) and γ-terpinene (8.8 ± 0.9 - 14.9 ± 0.8%). The Thymus fontanesii essential oil was
found as a significant antioxidant with IC50 values ranging from 57.3 ± 1.4 to 236.7 ± 1.4 μg/mL,
which were higher than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) choosing as reference (9.1 ± 1.2 to
67.8 ± 0.1 μg/mL).

Conclusion:

The obtained results encourage the use of Thymus species with bioactive compounds
for further food applications.
El efecto de los polímeros absorbentes en la actividad microbiologica del suelo bajo condiciones mediterráneas
Authors: Dvořáčková Helena , González Paloma Hueso , Záhora Jaroslav , Ruiz Sinoga RS
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio pasa por evaluar el efecto del-Terracottem- en la actividad microbiana del suelo mediante la medida de la respiración edáfica y la pérdida de nitrógeno mineral por lixiviación. El ensayo se ha realizado en condiciones de laboratorio controladas y con suelos naturales. Materiales y metodos. Para el experimento, se han diseñado varios tratamientos: i) suelos naturales a los que se les ha adicionado compuestos nitrogenados de libre disponibilidad (Kg N ha-1); ii) suelos naturales a los que se les ha adicionado carbohidratos de libre disponibilidad (1% de solución de glucosa); iii) suelos naturales a los que se les ha adicionado una mezcla de compuestos nitrogenados de libre disponibilidad (Kg N ha-1) con carbohidratos (1% de solución de glucosa). En cada variante se han testeado diferentes dosis del polímero. Resultados. Los resultados han demostrado que la actividad respiratoria del suelo es independiente de la disponibilidad de compuestos como el nitrógeno o carbono. Tampoco se han observado diferencias significativas entre las diferentes dosis del polímero. Por el contrario, si se observaron diferencias en la producción de CO2. Conclusiones. La lixiviación únicamente se producía cuando los suelos era enmendado con compuestos únicamente nitrogenados o únicamente sólo carbonosos.
Obtención, caracterización y evaluación de dos preparados candidatos a probióticos desarrollados con residuos agroindustriales
Authors: Miranda-Yuquilema José E. , Marin-Cárdenas Alfredo , Sánchez-Macías Davinia , García-Hernández Yaneisy
Published: April 2018

Objetivo. Obtener, caracterizar y evaluar dos biopreparados desarrollados a partir de melaza de caña de azúcar - vinaza de naranja fermentados con levaduras y/o bacterias ácido lácticas. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cinco repeticiones por tratamiento. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: T1, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus y T2, las bacterias anteriores más Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Kluyveromyces fragilis (L-4 UCLV). En un sustrato compuesto por melaza- vinaza se inocularon los microorganismos anteriormente mencionados y estos fueron incubados a 37ºC por 24 h. Se les determinaron a los biopreparados los parámetros fisicoquímicos, microbiológico y se realizaron las pruebas in vitro para evaluar la capacidad probiótica. Resultados. Ambos biopreparados presentaron un color marrón oscuro, dulzón y con pH inferior a 4. El comportamiento bromatológicos y microbiológicos fueron mayores (p>0.05) en el T2. En ambos biopreparados la viabilidad fue superior a 92%. En pruebas in vitro, ambos biopreparados fueron resistentes a pH ácido, sales biliares, amplio espectro de actividad antimicrobiana y efecto inhibitorio a la E. coli, Salmonella spp. y S. aureus. Conclusión. Los biopreparados obtenidos a partir de melaza de caña de azúcar-vinaza de naranja fermentados con levaduras y/o bacterias ácido lácticas demostraron propiedades físicoquímicas, microbiológicas apropiadas para productos probióticos. En las pruebas in vitro, se demostró su efecto potencial como probiótico.
Células-madre adultas en la cicatrización de fracturas e injertos óseos
Authors: Gabriele Maria Callegaro S  , Saulo Tadeu LPF  , Renato do Nascimento L  , Ney Luis Pippi
Published: April 2018

Los accidentes traumáticos que resultan en fracturas y hasta en el comprometimiento de un segmento óseo tienen alta prevalencia en la rutina quirúrgica veterinaria. Muchas veces esas fracturas son complejas y presentan dificultades de cicatrización o necesitan de injertos óseos para preservar y restaurar el largo del miembro acometido. De esa forma, el tiempo de recuperación de esos animales suele ser delicado y prolongado con riegos de complicaciones, como unión retardada y no unión de los segmentos óseos fracturados o ausencia de incorporación de los injertos. En este sentido, las células-madre (CT) vienen demostrando ser una fuerte aliada de los ortopedistas debido a su capacidad en proveer células osteoprogenitoras, de incrementar el efecto osteoinductor, minimizar el tiempo de cicatrización y proporcionar mayor eficiencia al proceso reparador. Frente a la expectativa de sus atribuciones, la presente revisión tiene por objetivo describir las características de las células-madre, sus aplicaciones actuales en la cicatrización de fracturas y, especialmente, su contribución en la consolidación de injertos óseos.
Entrevista com o professor José Eduardo Faria
Authors: Tavolari Bianca , Campilongo Celso , Rister Fernando , Villas Bôas Filho Orlando
Published: April 2018

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Pluralismo jurídico y derecho indígena: la disputa por la capacidad regulatoria de la sociedad
Authors: Vallejo Gina Chávez
Published: April 2018

Un inédito momento histórico basado en la emergencia del poder constituyente, en el Ecuador, permitió dar un giro significativo al constitucionalismo clásico de carácter pactista y optar por un modelo fuerte de constitución que recupera no solo su carácter normativo y la facultad de su aplicación directa, sino además, reformulando el carácter mismo del Estado ecuatoriano, definido como Estado constitucional de derechos y justicia, plurinacional e intercultural, entre otros atributos democráticos. Estas transformaciones no se hacen en el vacío teórico y social. Van acompañados tanto de una agitada dinámica social como de una sólida base teórica de naturaleza crítica, así también de un andamiaje doctrinal que permite reconstruir, entre otros aspectos, una estructura jurídica de nuevo tipo, basada en el pluralismo jurídico. El constitucionalismo plural que instaura la Constitución ecuatoriana del 2008, sin embargo, se encuentra en permanente disputa entre viejas y nuevas perspectivas constitucionales. Asunto del que da cuenta el presente trabajo.
IMPACT OF COUNSELING ON IMPROVING ADHERENCE TO DYSLIPIDEMIA PATIENT
Authors: Rangkuti Saru Noliqo , Nasution Azizah , Nasution Azizah , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa
Published: April 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of counseling on adherence of dyslipidemia outpatients to the prescribed medications in An-Nisa Hospital Tangerang period July 2016–November 2016.Methods: This prospective a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-test design was done to analyze the impact of counseling in An-Nisa Hospital Tangerang. Patients’ characteristics were statistically analyzed using Chi-square. The patient adherence toward therapy was analyzed using Morisky Medication adherence scale-8.Results: The present study indicated that most of the patients (70%) were females with ages: ˃50.70%; ≤50.30%. The counseling significantly affected the adherence level on dyslipidemia patients, p<0.001.Conclusion: This research proved that counseling had a positive impact on the patients’ adherence.
RELAXATION ACTIVITY OF TETANUS (LEEA AEQUATA L.) LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON GUINEA PIG ISOLATED TRACHEA
Authors: Ginting Nahitma , Suwarso Edy , Vincen Rumapea Daud , Nerdy Nerdy
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relaxation activity of the ethanolic extract of tetanus leaf (EETL) against contracting isolated guinea pig trachea induced by acetylcholine.Methods: Isolated trachea was equilibrated for 45 min until a stable condition in the Creb’s solution with a temperature of 37°C aerated with carbogen gas (O2:CO2=95%:5%). Test of the relaxation effect conducted after guinea pig trachea contracted with maximum acetylcholine concentration (EC80: 2.0449×10–3 mol) and then a cumulative with concentration of EETL (0.5 mg/mL–4 mg/mL) and concentration of atropine sulfate (6.95×10-6 mg/mL–2.08×10–2 mg/mL).Results: The results showed that EETL could lower the contraction smooth muscle of guinea pig trachea induced by acetylcholine. EETL at a concentration of 3.5 mg/mL had the ability to relax the muscle. It was not significantly different compared to that of atropine sulfate 6.95×10-3 mg/ mL (p>0.005).Conclusion: EETL has a relaxation effect on smooth muscle of guinea pig isolated trachea.
ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF SUB-FRACTIONS FROM THE N-HEXANE FRACTION OF PICRIA FEL-TERRAE LEAVES ON PHERETIMA POSTHUMA
Authors: Patilaya Popi , Irfan Husori Dadang , Marhama Daulay Linda
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the subfractions (SF) from n-hexane fraction of Picria fel-terrae leaves on Pheretima posthuma.Methods: The leaves ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae solution was mixed with water in ratio of 7:3. The mixture was fractionated with n-hexane by liquid–liquid extraction. The n-hexane fraction was then separated on silica gel by vacuum liquid chromatography with n-hexane-ethyl acetate and methanol as mobile phases. The filtrates with same chromatogram pattern were combined to produce SF of the plant leaves. The SF at the concentration of 0.1% was tested on P. posthuma to evaluate its anthelmintic activity. The anthelmintic activity was determined by observing paralysis and death times of the worms. Pyrantel 0.1% and vehicle were included as positive and negative controls, respectively.Results: The study showed that n-hexane fraction of P. fel-terrae leaves produced 4 SF, namely, SF1, SF2, SF3, and SF4. The earthworms were paralyzed at 123.00, 130.33, 78.67, 74.33, and 127.33 min when treated with SF1, SF2, SF3, SF4, and pyrantel, respectively. The SF1, SF2, SF3, SF4, and pyrantel also caused the animal death at 156.00, 166.67, 107.00, 101.67, and 140.00 min, respectively. The animal paralysis and death times by those substances were shorter than negative control effects.Conclusion: This study suggests that the SF from n-hexane fraction of P. fel-terrae leaves has anthelmintic activity on P. posthuma. The effects of SF4 are strongest when compared with SF1, SF2, SF3, and pyrantel.
DETERMINATION OF SIMULTANEOUS SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AND TRIMETHOPRIM BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRY WITH MEAN CENTERING OF RATIO SPECTRA
Authors: Muchlisyam Muchlisyam , Tr Pardede , R Satiawan
Published: April 2018

Objective: Mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR) is analysis method for determination levels of mixture that has maximum wavelength is overlapping, and without preliminary separation. The purpose of this study is a determination of sulfamethoxazole (SLF) and trimethoprim (TRM) mixture by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with MCR.Methods: Absorption spectra of each drug were recorded and divided by the corresponding concentration of divisor, and the ratio spectra were then mean centered. SLF and t TRM concentrations were determined from calibration graphs by measuring at obtained maximum wavelengths 256 nm for SLF and 288 nm for TRM.Result: The result determination of SLF and TRM content in tablet S was 103.31±0.34% and 96.588±2.13%, respectively, result of validation method was fulfilled, percentage recovery for SLF was 101.24% and relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.41%, and percentage recovery for TRM was 100.89% and RSD was 0.96%.Conclusion: The determination simultaneous by ultraviolet spectrophotometry of MCR was found to be accurate, precise, simple, and rapid method and can be used for SLF and TRM mixture.
THE EFFECT OF SAUCE OF L. LEUCOCEPHALA SEEDS (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA [LAM.] DE WIT) ON LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE IN HYPERGLYCEMIC MICE
Authors: Zaidan Sarah , Debby Bp Ria , Abdillah Syamsudin
Published: April 2018

Objective: The research to investigate that the source of Leucaena leucocephala can lower blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice.Methods: In this study, 42 mice were divided into 7 groups each consisted of 6 mice: Normal Group I, Group II (metformin positive control), Group III (negative control), Group IV (sauce of L. leucocephala at a dose of 0.1 ml), Group V (sauce of L. leucocephala at a dose of 0.2 ml), Group VI (sauce of L. leucocephala with doses of 0.4 ml), and Group VII (sauce of L. leucocephala at a dose of 0.8 ml). The dosage of Group II, IV, V, VI, and VII was orally administered. Blood glucose levels in mice were observed during normal conditions and after administration of 200 mg/kg bw alloxan intraperitoneally (alloxan-induced mice). On day 0, 3, 7, and 14, blood was taken from the tail and glucose levels were measured with a glucometer.Results: Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by LSD test. Based on the results, the sauce at a dose of 0.8 ml was able to lower the blood glucose levels up to normal blood glucose levels.Conclusion: There was not significantly different between the groups given sauce of L. leucocephala at a dose of 0.8 ml with the group given metformin (positive control).
THE UTILIZATION OF BINAHONG (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN.) STEENIS) LEAF AS AN ANTI‑AGING
Authors: Nazliniwaty Nazliniwaty , Suryanto Suryanto , Damanik Desy Damayanti
Published: April 2018

Objective: To formulate binahong leaf extract in the microemulsion dosage form and to evaluate the anti-aging effect on the human skin.Methods: Binahong leaf extract was prepared by maceration then formulated into microemulsion dosage form with various concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. The microemulsion preparation was prepared by adding the oil phase to the water phasehen mixed until a clear and transparent microemulsion was formed. Characterization of the dried powder included the determination of water content, water-soluble content, ethanol-soluble content, total ash content, and unsaturated acid ash content. Evaluation of microemulsion preparation included a stability test, determination of homogeneity, density, viscosity, pH, centrifugation, microemulsion type, surface tension, particle size, irritation test, and anti-aging effect test using skin analyzer. Anti-aging parameters measured included moisture, number of spots and wrinkles number.Results: Characterization results showed the water content of 7.48%, water-soluble content of 19.2%, ethanol soluble content of 9.46%, total ash content of 4.65%, and acid content of 0.58%. Microemulsion preparation of the binahong leaf extract was homogen, had low viscosity, pH 6.0–7.0, density of 1.049–1.0753 g/ml, surface tension of 35.24–38.00 dyne/cm, particle size of 364.68–632.72 nm, stable for 12 weeks storage and did not irritate the skin. The results of anti-aging effect measurements showed that the 0.5% binahong leaf extract microemulsion gave the best results.Conclusion: The dried powder of binahong leaf is qualified to be formulated. Microemulsion preparation of 0.5% binahong leaf extract showed the best anti-aging effect.
THE INFLUENCE OF RED FRUIT (PANDANUS CONOIDEUS LAM.) OIL ON GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE LEVEL AT MAXIMUM PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Sinaga Fajar Apollo , Susanti Nora
Published: April 2018

Objectives: This study aims to see the effect of red fruit oil (RFO) on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level at maximum physical activity.Methods: This study is an experimental research using the design of randomized control group pretest-posttest. This study was using 24 male mice divided into four groups, the control group was given aquadest, the treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 were given the RFO orally of 0.15 ml/kg BW, 0.3 ml/kg BW, and 0.6 ml/kg BW, respectively, for a month. The level of GPx was checked for all groups at the beginning of study and after the maximum physical activity. The obtained data were then tested statistically using t-test and ANOVA.Results: The result shows the RFO supplementation during exercise increased the GPx level in P1, P2, and P3 groups with p<0.05, and the higher RFO dosage resulted in higher GPx level at p<0.05.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the RFO could increase the level of GPx at maximum physical activity.
GALLIC ACID FROM PODS OF JIRINGA (ARCHIDENDRON JIRINGA [JACK] I.C. NIELSEN) AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: Lubis Misri Yanty , Marpaung Lamek , Nasution Muhammad Pandapotan , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study was aimed to isolate and investigate antioxidant activity of gallic acid in pods of jiringa (Archidendron jiringa [Jack] I.C. Nielsen).Methods: Pods of jiringa were extracted by maceration. Phenolic compounds were tested using FeCl3. Identification of pure compound was obtained from spectra data from nuclear magnetic resonance of proton H (1H NMR), NMR of carbon (13C NMR), infra-red, and mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity was investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method.Results: The IC50 of gallic acid from jiringa’s pods (A. jiringa [Jack] I.C. Nielsen) was 3.65 μg/ml. This value showed that gallic acid from jiringa’s pods (A. jiringa [Jack] I.C. Nielsen) had high antioxidant activity.Conclusions: Gallic acid presents in pods of jiringa (A. jiringa [Jack] I.C. Nielsen) and has high antioxidant activity.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT AND FRACTION OF AURICULARIA AURICULAR ON CANDIDA ALBICANS, MICROSPORUM GYPSEUM, AND ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS
Authors: Sukmawati Ika Kurnia , Rakhmawati Diah , Yuniarto Ari
Published: April 2018

Objective: Indonesia with high humidity and rainfall strongly supports the growth of fungi. The incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically over the past three decades. Several factors including microbiological resistance led to the failure of antifungal therapy. This research was to evaluate the antifungal activity of extract and fraction of Auricularia auricula against the test fungus.Methods: Antifungal activity was performed by microdilution method using extract and n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, methanol, and water fraction of A. auricula. MIC was determined by observing the turbidity compared with the control solution. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined by the presence of fungi colonies growth on medium after incubation for 24 h.Results: The fractions of A. auricular have antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with MIC 512 μg/ml and MFC 512 μg/ml; Microsporum gypseum with MIC 256 μg/ml in the extract; MIC 512 μg/ml and MFC 512 μg/ml of ethyl acetate fraction; MIC 256 μg/ml and MFC 512 μg/ml in n-hexane fraction; and Aspergillus flavus with MIC 2048 μg/ml and MFC 2048 μg/ml in the extract and ethyl acetate fraction. The most potent activity on C. albicans was exhibited by ethyl acetate fraction with MIC and MFC 512 μg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy showed changes in the structure of fungi cells after contact with the test solution.Conclusion: The best antifungal activity of A. auricula was ethyl acetate fraction against C. albicans.
MONITORING OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SPIRONOLACTONE THERAPY AND ITS COMBINATIONS WITH FUROSEMIDE TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND ASCITES IN RSUP H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN
Authors: Siswanti Elliya , Harahap Urip , Sembiring Juwita
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Spironolactone and furosemide are diuretics used to treat liver cirrhosis with ascites, but not case studies have been found to distinguish the effects of spironolactone and its combination with furosemide in cases of cirrhosis accompanied by ascites. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of spironolactone therapy and its combination with furosemide to liver cirrhosis patients accompanied ascites.Methods: This research was done by cross-sectional prospective method. 26 patients in RSUP H Adam Malik Medan for 3 months were divided into two groups. The first group of nine patients, age between 39 and 65 years, was given spironolactone. The second group of 17 patients, age between 20 and 81 years, was given spironolactone combined with furosemide. The sample data were analyzed with statistics using Mann–Whitney U-test, SPSS program version 22.Result: Based on Mann–Whitney U statistic test, the value of Asymp. significance (2-tailed) 0.435 for urine Na/K at time, and Asymp. significance value (2-tailed) 0.628 24 h urine sodium examination, based on the value, it was concluded that there was no significant difference between spironolactone with its combination with furosemide. Even though the significant value were 0.628 mEq and 0.435 mEq (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the combination of spironolactone with furosemide was better than compared to spironolactone. Although there was not statistically significant difference if seen from the comparison of 24 h of urine sodium value with a normal value of 78 mEq.