bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Gene Genetic Programming Regression Model for Prediction of Transient Storage Model Parameters in Natural Rivers
Authors: Noh Hyoseob , Kwon Siyoon , Seo Il Won , Baek Donghae , Jung Sung Hyun
Published: December 2020

A Transient Storage Model (TSM), which considers the storage exchange process that induces an abnormal mixing phenomenon, has been widely used to analyze solute transport in natural rivers. The primary step in applying TSM is a calibration of four key parameters: flow zone dispersion coefficient (Kf), main flow zone area (Af), storage zone area (As), and storage exchange rate (α); by fitting the measured Breakthrough Curves (BTCs). In this study, to overcome the costly tracer tests necessary for parameter calibration, two dimensionless empirical models were derived to estimate TSM parameters, using multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) and principal components regression (PCR). A total of 128 datasets with complete variables from 14 published papers were chosen from an extensive meta-analysis and were applied to derivations. The performance comparison revealed that the MGGP-based equations yielded superior prediction results. According to TSM analysis of field experiment data from Cheongmi Creek, South Korea, although all assessed empirical equations produced acceptable BTCs, the MGGP model was superior to the other models in parameter values. The predicted BTCs obtained by the empirical models in some highly complicated reaches were biased due to misprediction of Af. Sensitivity analyses of MGGP models showed that the sinuosity is the most influential factor in Kf, while Af, As, and α, are more sensitive to U/U*. This study proves that the MGGP-based model can be used for economic TSM analysis, thus providing an alternative option to direct calibration and the inverse modeling initial parameters.
Aquatic Toxicity of Photocatalyst Nanoparticles to Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Adochite Cristina , Andronic Luminita
Published: December 2020

In the last years, nanoparticles such as TiO2, ZnO, NiO, CuO and Fe2O3 were mainly used in wastewater applications. In addition to the positive aspects concerning using nanoparticles in the advanced oxidation process of wastewater containing pollutants, the impact of these nanoparticles on the environment must also be investigated. The toxicity of nanoparticles is generally investigated by the nanomaterials’ effect on green algae, especially on Chlorella vulgaris. In this review, several aspects are reviewed: the Chlorella vulgaris culture monitoring and growth parameters, the effect of different nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris, the toxicity of photocatalyst nanoparticles, and the mechanism of photocatalyst during oxidative stress on the photosynthetic mechanism of Chlorella vulgaris. The Bold basal medium (BBM) is generally recognized as an excellent standard cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris in the known environmental conditions such as temperature in the range 20–30 °C and light intensity of around 150 μE·m2·s−1 under a 16/8 h light/dark cycle. The nanoparticles synthesis methods influence the particle size, morphology, density, surface area to generate growth inhibition and further algal deaths at the nanoparticle-dependent concentration. Moreover, the results revealed that nanoparticles caused a more potent inhibitory effect on microalgal growth and severely disrupted algal cells’ membranes.
Features of the application of mathematical models of tests in the conditions of remote control
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine ", Kruglova N.V. ,   Kiev Polytechnic Institute of the Name of Igor Sikorskiy", Dykhovychnyi O.O. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Kiev Polytechnic Institute of the Name of Igor Sikorskiy", Alekseeva I.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Kiev Polytechnic Institute of the Name of Igor Sikorskiy"
Published: December 2020

The paper explores one of the current issues of distance education - the quality of computer tests in terms of ensuring objective control of knowledge. This issue is especially important in today's pandemic and temporary quarantine. The main attention is paid to a statistical analysis of test quality based on test results using CTT and IRT methods. Using modern statistical methods, the authors analyzed the results of testing prepared and conducted during the quarantine period. As an object of study, a test on “Integration of functions of one variable” was chosen, which students completely mastered remotely. The tests were created on the basis of the MOODLE platform at Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, by proffessors of the Department of Mathematical Analysis and Probability Theory. Data processing is carried out using a system for test analysis, created by the authors in the programming environment R. The system allows you to process tests in different areas: pedagogy, psychology, sociology, etc., different in structure; use both CTT and IRT apparatus; work with large data sets; to analyze not only test questions, but also respondents; more accurately differentiate respondents. Based on the study, the possibility of conducting electronic testing remotely was confirmed. The technology used in the study can be used to create and analyze the tasks of external evaluation, conducting session control during quarantine. The use of the methods studied in the work for the analysis of test tasks will increase the competence of high school teachers to conduct electronic remote testing.
The use of relaxation methods in the WRF model for the analysis of meteorological conditions in Ukraine over a long period
Authors:   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Khalchenkov O.V. , Kovalets I.V. ,   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The possibility of using grid and spectral relaxation methods and other options in the WRF mesoscale model for long-term continuous calculations has been investigated. Results of comparison of selected me-teorological parameters with surface measurements are presented. The basic recommendations for select-ing the optimal combination of long-term calculation parameters are given. The use of the selected param-eters allowed to obtain continuous meteorological fields over a long period (several months), which are well consistent with surface measurements, retain large scale synoptic structures and have a deviation from measurements commensurate with the results of short-term simulations over corresponding time peri-od. The selected optimal combination of parameters allowed us to perform continuous calculation for the period from January 1, 2019 to November 6, 2019 without accumulating errors. In a long-run calculation of meteorological conditions in Ukraine with spatial resolution 0.15 deg. for a temperature at a height of 2 meters was obtained a mean absolute error of MAE=2,05 ºC, a correlation coefficient of Corr=0,97, for a wind speed at a height of 10 meters of MAE=1.4 m/s, of Corr=0,75, and for a wind direction at a height of 10 meters of MAE=24,6 degrees, Corr=0,66. The influence of the parametrizations of the underlying sur-face and the active soil layer on the quality of calculation of meteorological fields is studied. Using the option to update the water surface temperature allowed to reduce the MAE for the temperature from 2,17 ºС to 2,05 ºС. Each of the investigated surface models showed its advantages and disadvantages. The pa-rameterizations RUC and NOAH LSM showed good agreement with the measurements for all studied pa-rameters and can be recommended for use in long-term continuous calculations. A long calculation made it possible to describe the process of accumulation and melting of snow correctly, and made it possible to reproduce the temperature of the upper soil layer correctly as well. The paper shows that the disadvantage of long- term calculations is the inability to determine the temperature of the lower layers of the soil cor-rectly.
Improvement of the managing methodology of the development of complex agrotechnical systems of special purpose in modern conditions
Authors:   Kiev Cooperative Institute of Business and Law, Brovarets O.O. , Chovnyuk Yu.V. ,   National University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Proper management of the agrobiological state of the soil environment is impossible without predicting the dynamics of changes in its condition. At the present stage, traditional monitoring systems based on laboratory analysis are most widely used. Such methods are quite accurate, but also cost-effective. Moreover, these systems have a rather large drawback – the speed of determining the agrobiological pa-rameters, in particular the nutrient content in the soil. All this ultimately affects the reliability and ef-fectiveness of decision making. However, even such information cannot provide the proper quality of technological operations in accordance with the agrobiological state of the soil environment. In this re-gard, there is an urgent need for the development and study of a methodology for managing the devel-opment of complex agrotechnical systems for special purposes in modern crop production technologies, the use of data that make it possible to ensure a given quality when performing a technological opera-tion. Based on the systematization of knowledge about managing the development of complex special-purpose systems, the features of their functioning in modern conditions, the directions of improving the management methodology, the principles of constructing a complex of methodological support for man-agement are determined, which implement closed cycles of developing control decisions and the organic relationship of long-term and current planning. As examples of complex special-purpose agrotechnical systems in this work, we use: agronomic (aerospace) monitoring systems for agricultural soils, precision farming systems using modern space navigation systems, and electrical conductivity monitoring sys-tems for agricultural soils.
Assessment of microcredit borrowers by the fuzzy maximin convolution method
Authors:   Institute of Control Systems of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Gaziyev Z.Z.
Published: December 2020

The problem of timely repayment of loans at all times has been and continues to be actual for commercial banks. Overcoming this problem substantially depends on the quality of the solvency assessment of potential borrowers, which is carried out by experts on the basis of retrospective information. In the microcredit system, the assessment of the borrower's credit history is usually carried out by an expert who mainly relies on his heuristic knowledge and intuition, which usually extols subjective considerations that do not have sufficient grounds. In practice, the opinions of different analysts or those responsible for making credit decisions often differ, especially if controversial situations are considered that have many acceptable alternative solutions. As a result, in assessing the solvency of potential microloan borrowers, the subjective opinion of the expert and the incompetent or deliberate interpretation of the information resulting in the adoption of decisions that are detrimental to the microfinance organization are overweight. To increase the degree of objectivity, the paper discusses an approach to assessing the responsibility and solvency of microloan borrowers, based on the use of the fuzzy method of maximin convolution. This approach, given the poorly structured personal data of applicants, allows them to be flexibly and quickly assessed for the provision of microloans. The qualitative assessment criteria applied in this case are weighed based on expert opinions regarding the priority of each of them. An important advantage of the proposed model is that it is simple, convenient to use and able to adapt to the requirements of various micro-financial organizations.
Diversidade sexual no filme português O Fantasma
Authors: Sobrinho Wilton Garcia
Published: December 2020

Este texto expõe uma leitura sobre o filme português O Fantasma (2000), de João Pedro Rodrigues, ao ressaltar subversões e transgressões entre imagem, experiência e subjetividade como paradoxo da contemporaneidade. A escolha deste filme pontua a diversidade sexual no cinema, ao explorar o protagonismo homoerótico. Já o percurso metodológico, em formato ensaio, ancora-se no observar, descrever e discutir fragmentos desta fita, baseado em um conjunto complexo de estudos contemporâneos. Tais estudos convocam para uma desobediência epistemológica, na expectativa de contestar questões emergentes que projetam a diversidade no cinema. Como resultado, estratégias discursivas privilegiam a produção de conhecimento no cinema atual.
Türkiye ve Estonya eğitim sistemlerinde ana dili öğretim programlarının karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmesi
Authors: KILIÇ AVAN Şengül , KALENDEROĞLU İhsan
Published: December 2020

Öğretim programları bir ülkenin eğitim stratejilerini barındırmakta ve uygulandığı neslin geleceğini şekillendirmektedir. Okuma ve anlama ise eğitim sisteminin temelindeki mihenk taşıdır. PISA 2018 uygulamasında Estonya Avrupa’nın en yüksek puana sahip olan ülkesi olmuştur. Ülkemiz ise PISA uygulamalarında OECD ortalamalarından geride kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma kapsamında Estonca Öğretim Programı ile Türkçe Öğretim Programı okuma ve anlama temelinde karşılaştırılmıştır. Nitel araştırma modelinde doküman analizi yöntemi ile veriler analiz edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda eğitim programlarının genel yapısı ve değişimi, dil gelişim politikaları, dil öğretiminin genel yapısı ve içerikleri, ders saatleri, beceriler ve değerlendirme boyutunda karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Estonca Öğretim Programı’nda edebi eserlere daha çok yer verildiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğrencilere her yıl için okuması gereken kitaplar listelenmektedir. Türkçe Öğretim Programı’nda, bireylerin kendini ifade edebileceği bir ortam sağlanmalı ve günlük dil becerilerini kullanmaları sağlanmalıdır. Metinleri okurken detaylı analiz yapabilme konusunda öğrenciler eğitilmelidir. Karakter analizleri, olay, yer ve kurgu analizleri yapılmalıdır. Bireylerin bilimsel temelleri olan metinler oluşturmaları sağlanmalı ve bireyler metin yazmaları için teşvik edilmelidir.
Estrategias metodológicas utilizadas en Ingeniería: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Tepe Atoche Victor  Manuel , Soplapuco Montalvo Juan Pedro
Published: December 2020

La formación de los ingenieros es un tema que involucra a docentes y estudiantes, los avances tecnologico obliga a los centros de formación superior buscar alternativas para mejorar o proponer nuevas estrategias de enseñanza en ingeniería. El objetivo de la Investigacion realizada fue hacer una revisión bibliográfica de manera cualitativa, que  nos permita conocer las estrategias metodologias de enseñanza utilizadas por los docentes en las carreras de ingeniería en universidades de Latinoamérica y el mundo, teniendo en consideración el impacto que estas generan en la formación de los futuros ingenieros, se consideró cuarenta(40) artículos publicados entre los años 2010 al 2020 que tengan relación a procesos de formación, se utilizó el buscador Google Académico y las ecuaciones de búsqueda, con la finalidad de encontrar en  bases de datos la información, que nos permitirán hacer un análisis del desarrollo de las estrategias metodológicas, que los docentes utilizan en la formación de los futuros ingenieros, esto no lleva a concluir que todavía es un área que requiere ser atendida por los investigadores.
A tradução de itens culturais-específicos (ICEs) em um livro-reportagem sobre a história do Brasil
Authors: Giacobbo Paula , Reuillard Patrícia
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa de Mestrado sobre problemas de tradução originados por itens culturais-específicos (ICEs) do português brasileiro para o inglês estadunidense. Adotou-se, portanto, a perspectiva de tradução de Hurtado Albir (2011) e o conceito de função de Nord (2016); o termo ICE provém de Franco Aixelá (2013). Partiu-se do levantamento de candidatos a ICE do livro 1808, publicado no Brasil, para, depois, categorizá-los; procedeu-se ainda ao levantamento de suas traduções para o inglês e, após, a uma filtragem. A análise consistiu principalmente em classificar estratégias de tradução utilizadas (FRANCO AIXELÁ, 2013): de conservação (empregadas 245 vezes) e de substituição (113 vezes). O maior uso de estratégias de conservação pode dar a impressão de que o texto não apresenta uma linguagem acessível para o leitor estadunidense, porém se observou que estratégias de conservação como a tradução linguística, a explicação intratextual e a adaptação ortográfica podem ser benéficas no sentido de ajudar o leitor a compreender o ICE. A repetição, estratégia mais utilizada na tradução dos ICEs na obra 1808, ocorre em muitos contextos em que já há informações sobre a palavra ou expressão no texto em português. É esperado, também, em uma obra sobre a história do Brasil, que o leitor estadunidense passe a conhecer mais sobre a cultura brasileira, ao mesmo tempo em que se tenta facilitar esse processo. O tradutor parece fazer isso, considerando, além do público, o gênero textual e a finalidade da tradução/função da obra.
Passagem
Authors: Da Cunha Moura Dayane Campos
Published: December 2020

Trata-se de um poema sobre travessia, sobre encontros e desencontros que acontecem ao longo da vida.
Profecia do ato
Authors: Castro Marcela Moraes de
Published: December 2020

Trata-se de um texto poético sobre a sexualidade feminina assegurada pela gramática do erotismo que exclui a dimensão profana do ato e a inclui como um aprendizado do campo do sagrado.
Lusofonia/e: limiti e possibilità di un'unione
Authors: Cerroni Antonio , Carbone Cintra Monique
Published: December 2020

Il presente lavoro ha come obbiettivo principale quello di analizzare la situazione della Lusofonia e del ruolo della lingua portoghese all’interno della stessa. Si analizzeranno le varie considerazioni in merito alla Lusofonia, dando particolare importanza alle “forze” che agiscono in tale ambito. Queste forze – a volte politiche, etniche e linguistiche -  sono generalmente di due tipi: convergenti e, soprattutto, divergenti. Lungo il presente articolo dialogheremo con le opinioni di linguisti ed intellettuali – tanto portoghesi quanto brasiliani – che discorrono della Lusofonia, con il fine di fare luce su un possibile equilibrio da raggiungere. Da sottolineare saranno le considerazioni dei portoghesi Ivo Castro (2010) e Eduardo Lourenço (1999), mentre per la controparte brasiliana si terrà conto degli studi intrapresi da Gilvan Müller de Oliveira (2013) e Carlos Alberto Faraco (2012). Quando pensiamo alla lusofonia, ci riferiamo anche a contesti transnazionali e internazionali dove la lingua portoghese acquista nuovi contorni dimensionali e alcune delle sue norme si "trovano" in modo articolato nelle produzioni dei non madrelingua e, in questo senso, tessiamo alcune riflessioni sull'insegnamento-apprendimento di PLS in contesti di insegnamento formale. Si analizzeranno quindi le contraddizioni all’interno della Lusofonia, dove i due centri maggiori –Portogallo e Brasile- mettono in dubbio il concetto stesso di “unione nella diversità”.
Editorial
Authors: Pinheiro-Mariz Josilene , Margarido Costa Marco Antonio , De Oliveira Maria Angélica
Published: December 2020

Editorial
Apresentação
Authors: Sollai Sílvia , Paiva Limão Paula Cristina de , Leiria Lúcia Lovato , Reis Gracieli da Silva , Pinheiro-Mariz Josilene
Published: December 2020

Apresentação
iPractice for Oral Interviews: The Use of Technology to Reduce Students’ Anxiety
Authors: Viana da Silva Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Este estudo de caso analisa o uso da tecnologia de gravação de voz e seus benefícios na preparação para entrevistas orais em cursos de Português como Língua Adicional (PLA). Verifica-se particularmente como o uso de gravações de voz pode diminuir o nível de ansiedade em um grupo de estudantes universitários em um curso de português nos Estados Unidos. Analisa-se o processo de preparação para entrevistas orais com 13 estudantes universitários matriculados em um curso de português de verão em uma universidade de grande porte na Costa Oeste dos Estados Unidos. Este estudo demonstra que as entrevistas orais presencias são beneficiadas pela preparação dos alunos através da utilização de tecnologia. Demonstra-se uma possível correlação entre a preparação dos estudantes e a redução da ansiedade durante as entrevistas orais presenciais. A preparação oferecida a este grupo de alunos também enfatiza a importância de se oferecer uma abordagem sistemática para entrevistas orais e a necessidade de se tratar do nível de ansiedade experienciado por estudantes de línguas durante tais entrevistas. Outros estudos sobre ansiedade dos estudantes são tomados como base teórica para este estudo de caso, especialmente o trabalho seminal de Horwitz, Horwitz e Cope (1986) com a criação da Escala de Ansiedade de Língua Estrangeira (Foreign Language Anxiety Scale - FLAS) e os estudos baseados no FLAS, de Hewitt e Stephenson (2012), Pérez Castillejo (2018) e Phillips (1992).
DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE TEST PLATFORM FOR SOIL-ENGAGING TILLAGE COMPONENTS
Authors: Sun Zhiquan , Yang Zhou , Duan Jieli , Li Jun
Published: December 2020

Parts that come into contact with the soil are ones of the important energy consuming parts in tillage operations. In order to improve the research and development efficiency of tillage components, it is necessary to develop a performance test platform for tillage components with high interchangeability, convenience and comprehensive data collection. Therefore, a performance test platform for combined powered and passive tillage components was designed. Strength analysis and structural design optimization of key components was based on ANSYS. A real-time measurement and control software was developed based on LabVIEW platform. The related tests results show that the test platform can be used to simulate the actual condition and meet the test requirements.
THE NAMES OF PRODUCTS MADE OF GRAIN CROPS AND THE WORK-RELATED NAMES OF DOERS: HISTORICAL WORD-FORMATION ASPECT
Authors: Sheidayeva S.G.
Published: December 2020

This article considers paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of words included in the lexico-semantic field ‘ Grain Crops and Products Made of Them ’ as exemplified in the business- and work-related written records which date back to the 16- the early 18 centuries. It describes a number of derivative words that are associated with the word khleb [bread] and examines word-formative chains with the initial names of bread grains ( rozh’ [rye], pshenitsa [wheat], oves [oats], yachmen’ [barley], grechikha [buckwheat], proso [millet]) and food products made of them ( muka [flour], krupa [cereal], kasha [porridge], tolokno [oat flour], kisel’ [kisel], etc.). This article analyzes the work-related names of doers ( khlebnik [a baker/ a grain merchant], ovsyanik [an oat seller], etc.) and the proper names derived from them ( Khlebnik, Khlebnikov, Ovsyanik, Ovsyanikov , etc.) within the structure of each word-formation paradigm. Relations between nouns (names of grain types and products made of them) and adjectives or verbs in the context have been reviewed in respect of the syntagmatic aspect. We have revealed the word-formation rows with the initial verbs molotit’ [to thresh] and molot’ [to grind] which components reflect different stages of grain processing ( obmolotit’ [to shell], umolotit’ [to thresh/to beat], peremolotit’ [to thresh all], vymolotit’ [to thresh out], smolotit’ [to thresh/to flail]; smolot’ [to mill], peremolot’ [to grind again], namolot’ [to grind a quantity of]). Due to the fact that grain crops were also used in the beverage industry, we have examined the nominative units connected with brewing and distillation technologies, too. They are the names of the raw materials ( solod [malt], suslo [wort], etc.), the names of the production processes ( varit’ [to brew], kurit’ [to distill over], sidet’ [obsolete: to distil], gnat’ [to distil]), the work-related names of doers ( solodovnik [a maltster], pivovar [a brewer], vinokur [a distiller], etc.) and the proper names formed on their basis ( Solodovnik , Solodovnikov , Pivovar, Pivovarov , etc.). Having applied the linguistic analysis to the derived lexical units found in the Russian written records, we have discovered stable semantic transitions from the sphere of ‘Priroda’ (rasteniya) [nature (plants)] to the sphere of ‘Chelovek’ (lichnoye imya) [a man (a personal name) through the sphere of ‘ Obshchestvo’ (professiya) [a society (a profession)].
EXPERIENCE IN APPLYING THE METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING THE CONTENT OF HUMAN GOALS
Authors: Sidorov K.R. , Korepanova M.V.
Published: December 2020

The experience of applying the methodology for studying the content of human goals makes it possible to single out speech constructions produced by the subjects in the course of working with the instrument and on the basis of which a number of classifications of goals are confirmed. Among them, there is not only the one that is involved in the technique of Yu.T. Glazunov and K.R. Sidorov, where goals are divided into regularly reproducible goals, analogue and development goals, but also the classification of D. Derner, who divides them into goals of striving and avoidance, general (global) and specific (definitized) goals, clear and unclear goals. The conducted analysis also leads to the formulation of a new classification of goals based on their orientation: towards oneself ("I"), towards other persons ("Others"), towards the world ("World"), towards the material sphere ("Material values"). The conducted research allows to increase the interpretative capabilities of the technique and, consequently, its objectivity. This makes it possible to widely use the method: both for scientific purposes and for practical purposes, for example, to determine the trajectory of further development, psychotherapy, self-knowledge and self-development of a person.
THE USE OF DIDACTIC RATTLES IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
Authors: Kozyreva O.A.
Published: December 2020

The article defines the possibilities of determination and visualization of the use of didactic rattles in the system of continuous education, specifying the possibility of adaptive-akmepedagogical inclusion of a personality in the system of productive solution of development tasks, definition of models of formation and self-realization, socialization and self-affirmation in the hierarchy of defined and achieved results. The peculiarities of consideration of the term "didactic rattles" in the traditional (broad, narrow, local senses) and innovative (adaptive, age-appropriate, unified, personalized, health-conscious, akmepedagogical senses) perspectives of determinacy of the ideas of modern pedagogy and psychology of development, pedagogical methodology and pedagogical activity are specified. The typology and peculiarities of the quality analysis of didactic rattles in the model of development taking into account the age of students are proposed. The technologies and pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of personal development in the system of continuous education using didactic rattles are singled out.
Okuma Tutum ve Alışkanlık Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması
Authors: GÜL Büşra , DEMİR Sezgin
Published: December 2020

Okuma fiziksel ve zihinsel süreci içinde barındıran karmaşık bir süreçtir. Bireylerde okuma alışkanlığının gelişebilmesi için önce okumaya karşı olumlu tutumun gelişmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle bireylerin küçük yaşlar kitaplarla tanışması önemlidir. Kitaba karşı olumlu tutum geliştikten sonra okuma alışkanlığı zamanla gelişecektir. Bu araştırmanın amacı öğrencilerin okuma tutum ve alışkanlık düzeylerine belirlemek için Okuma Tutum ve Alışkanlık Ölçeği (OTAÖ) geliştirilmektir. Ölçeğin açımlayıcı faktör analizi 628, test-tekrar test uygulaması 119, eş değer form uygulaması 189 ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi 445 ortaokul öğrencisi üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda %40.41 toplam varyans değeriyle, 19 maddelik Okuma Tutum ve Alışkanlık Ölçeği’nin iki faktörlü yapısı doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle doğrulanmıştır (x²=401.62, sd=266, RMSEA=.061, NFI=.94, NNFI=.96, GFI=.91, AGFI=.89, CFI=.96). Ölçeğin genelinin ve alt boyutlarının, Cronbach Alpha, Spearman Brown ve Guttman Split-Half değerlerinin iç tutarlılık katsayısının % 70’in üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçeğin genelinde Cronbach Alpha .89, Spearman Brown .89 ve Guttman Split-Half .82’dir. Bu sebeple OTAÖ’nün güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçek olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.
Competências digitais de professores na modalidade de aulas online
Authors: Ruiz-Ramirez Jessica Alejandra , Tamayo-Preval Dayannis , Montiel-Cabello Hugo
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação realizada em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) privada na cidade de Monterrey, no México, no contexto da pandemia COVID-19 durante o primeiro semestre letivo de 2020. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o processo de continuidade acadêmica na modalidade de aulas online e sua relação com o desenvolvimento das competências digitais dos professores. Seguiu-se uma abordagem qualitativa e interpretativa da pesquisa baseada em um estudo de caso, utilizando como principais técnicas e métodos de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada, a observação não participante e o grupo focal. Os resultados revelaram que a adaptação da mudança inesperada no formato das aulas online favoreceu o desenvolvimento de habilidades digitais em professores por meio de um processo emergente de autoformação que contribuiu para o cumprimento dos critérios de garantia de qualidade educacional no contexto de crise sanitária.
Mastalgia: Risk Factors and Treatment Strategies Used at Two Breast Clinics in Pakistan
Authors: Sohail saqib
Published: December 2020

Introduction:   Mastalgia is a common cause of fear and anxiety in patients especially in south east asia due to high prevalence of  breast cancer . Mastalgia is one of the commonest symptom with which women consult a breast clinic.

Objective:  Aim of this study is to determine risk factors associated with   mastalgia,its association with   various breast disorders, and various  management strategies used for  its treatment.

Study Design:  Prospective Descriptive  Study

Duration and place of study:  This study was carried out at CMH Rawalpindi  and Thall over a period of six months  from January  to July 2017.

Materials and Methods: All  women  presenting to breast surgery clinic with complaints of breast pain, heaviness, and tenderness were included in the study. Patients were initially evaluated  at the time of presentation, treatment initiated  and then were evaluated after six months of treatment.

 

Results: A total of 93 women  presented to our clinic during this period. Cyclical mastalgia was noted in 39.8% (n=37) women while 60.2% (n=56) had non cyclical mastalgia. In 41.9%(n=39) patients no underlying pathology was noted ,49.5%(n=46) patients  had benign disorders while 8.6%(n=8) had malignancy. Increased BMI ,lack of exercise were associated with onset of mastalgia while use of OCP was associated with low risk of mastalgia. Of all 45.1%(n=42) responded to measures like reassurance, dietary and lifestyle modifications while 54.9%(n=51) were treated with  pharmacological therapy .Those having malignancy were treated according to the underlying malignancy.

 

Conclusion:  Careful and thorough evaluation of mastalgia is necessary to rule out any underlying pathology.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population of Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Afzal  , Dr. Hameed Mumtaz Durrani  , Dr. Muhammad Imran Sohail
Published: December 2020

Objective: To ascertain the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population of Pakistan.

Study design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Place and Duration of study: The participants in the study were selected from community population of Islamabad in a period of two months from 15th May to 15 July 2020.

Patients and Methods: A total of 278 participants were selected for this study. All the participants were given structured questionnaire consisting on demographic information HADS scoring system to calculate depression and anxiety. HADS consists of 14 questions, each of which is scored 0–3. The possible scores for depression and anxiety ranged 0-21. Higher scores indicate increased severity of anxiety or depression. A cut off value of 8 or more was used to identify the anxiety and depression. 

Results: The mean age was 33.42 ± 9.67 years and 148 (53.2%) were males. Among these participants 238 (85.6%) were resident of urban area, and 167 (60.1%) were married. Most of the participants were graduate 102 (36.7%). Thirty-six (12.9%) participants had a known patient of Covid-19 in their family or friends. Most of the participants 196 (70.5%) had no any comorbid disease. The mean anxiety score was noted to be 6.47 ± 5.51 and mean depression score was 6.65 ± 4.17. History of any comorbid disease showed a highly significant (p-value < 0.01) association with anxiety and depression score.

Conclusion: To minimize the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health of general population attention should be given to vulnerable groups like males, middle age adults, less educated and unemployed persons especially the people with chronic comorbid disease.

Keywords: Covid-19, Mental health, General population, Anxiety, Depression
EMBRYOLOGICAL ABDOMINAL WALL ANOMALIES- GASTROSCHISIS & OMPHALOCELE
Authors: P Neelima. , G Rama Devi. , B Radha Ramani.
Published: December 2020

Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the two forms of abdominal wall defects due to embryological anomalies mostly seen during 5th -10th week of intrauterine life which is the hallmark of physiological umbilical hernia . These rare congenital abnormalities reflect the underlying genetic defects or can be a part of syndromes like Beckwith Weidemann syndrome, pentology of Cantrell or Limb bodywall complex. The present study reports two cases of the abdominal wall defects- gastroschisis & omphalocele. The still born fetuses present in the department of Anatomy were thoroughly examined. Two fetuses with gestational age between 30-32 weeks (measured basing on crown-rump length) were found to present with these anomalies. Both the malformed fetuses were females. One fetus exhibited omphalocele with a complete sac containing the loops of intestine. The umbilical cord has been found to emerge from the center of the sac. The other female fetus had coils of intestine along with the liver exposed. No other external anomalies have been detected. The present study reports two cases of still born fetuses showing gastroschisis and omphalocele.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DORSAL SPINE INJURIES IN WESTERN INDIA
Authors: israni Pratik H. , Agrawal Deepak P. , Gupta Aniket M , Parmar Sharad P.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: To do epidemiological analysis of the patients with injuries of the spine involving dorsal vertebrae fractures including D1-D9 across western India. This is a cross sectional retrospective analysis of patient with spinal injuries who had D1-D9 level in Civil hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Our study included 83 patients with detailed history and medical records were analyzed.
RESULTS: 83 patients out of which 6:1 M:F ratio & max patients from 30-40 year age group, 53% injured from fall from height, RTA (38%),average injury to hospital delay was 5.7 days , 5 patients of lower limb injury , 2 of upper limb trauma 2 of chest injuries 2 with abdominal and pelvic trauma were associated injuries, average delay in surgery was 4.5 days. ASIA grade at admission was 47 (57%) grade A, 23(27%) grade B, 8(9%) from grade C, 5(7%) of grade D and 0(0%) from grade E. and 46(55%) patients managed conservatively ,37(45%) were managed surgically. The rehabilitation was taken up by 82 (97%) and status of the patient related to bedsores was no bedsores developed in 48 patients (58%) while <10 cm bedsore developed in 19 patients((22%) and >10cm bedsore developed in 16 patients(20%).
CONCLUSION : Dorsal spine injuries with SCI required urgent and early recognition and specialized management protocols .The infrastructure in India needs to upgrade awareness, education, patient transportation networks, increase the number of tertiary spinal trauma units spine rehabilitation services might improve spine trauma care.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ILL EFFECTS OF CARBONATED DRINKS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN A SELECTED SCHOOL OF, ALAPPPUZHA DISTRICT.
Authors: Chacko Josini. T.
Published: December 2020

A non experimental descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding ill effects of carbonated drinks among adolescents. The study was conducted in Govt. High school, Nooranadu in Alappuzha district. The objectives of the study were to assess the level of knowledge regarding ill effects of carbonated drinks among adolescents and to find out the association between the levels of knowledge regarding ill effects of carbonated drinks among adolescents with selected socio-demographic variables. Quota sampling technique was adopted to select desired samples. The samples obtained were 60 adolescents in between the age group of 13-18 yrs studying in 8th 9th and 10 standards. The data were collected by means of structured knowledge questionnaire. The result showed that out of 60 samples majority (85%) of them having average knowledge ,minor proportion (10%)of them having good knowledge and tiny proportion (5%) of them having poor knowledge regarding ill effects of carbonated drink. The association between level of knowledge and selected demographic variables showed that only educational status of father had association with level of knowledge( p <0.05)
Pemanfaatan Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) oleh Peserta BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Arini Ketut Novia
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pemanfaatan FKTP oleh peserta BPJS Kesehatan se-Kota Denpasar di era BPJS 2017. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriftif cross-sectional. Penelitian ini melibatkan 10 Puskesmas dan 10 Klinik Pratama di Kota Denpasar dengan total sampel sebanyak 1.000 responden. Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medis pasien (data sekunder) dan dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil dari penlitian ini sebanyak 50.4% peserta BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Denpasar berjenis kelamin laki-laki, sebanyak 29.8% berada pada rentang umur 26-45 Tahun, sebanyak 83.7% dengan status kepesertaan Non Penerima Bantuan Iuran (PBI), sebanyak 28% rata-rata tiga kali dalam setahun pasien berkunjung ke FKTP, dan sebanyak 91.3% pasien berkunjung ke FKTP dengan keluhan penyakit akut. Diharapkan peserta BPJS Kesehatan dapat aktif berperan serta untuk meningkatkan upaya preventif yang salah satunya adalah dengan menerapkan gaya hidup sehat guna mencegah timbulnya penyakit baik yang bersifat akut maupun yang bersifat kronis.
La toponimia indígena en la cuenca del río Chicama (Perú)
Authors: Krzanowski Andrzej , Szemiński Jan
Published: December 2020

The Chicama river lies north of river Moche and south of river Jequetepeque and the city of Cajamarca. Among the indigenous languages spoken in this region Yunka, Kullic, Muchic and Quechua had the greatest influence. A number of words exists that originate from other local languages like designated Chicama B. This study includes observations on indigenous depository of toponymics. This is followed by an attempt to reconstruct the history of presence of different indigenous ethnic groups. This includes spatial allocations of vocabularies.

English abstract/description written by Michał Gilewski
La política del Estado venezolano hacia los indígenas amazónicos. Esbozo del problema
Authors: Buliński Tarzycjusz
Published: December 2020

En el artículo presento la política del Estado Venezolano hacia los pueblos indígenas que viven en el estado Amazonas venezolano. Dedicará especial atención a la política educativa. El artículo presentará tres modelos de la política estatal: proselitista, asimilatorio y multicultural. En el primero, el Estado trató de transformar a los indígenas en cristianos, en el segundo, en mestizos y campesinos y el tercer modelo fue convertir a los indígenas en ciudadanos socialistas (los ciudadanos bolivarianos). En el texto trato de demostrar que la política venezolana hacia los indígenas del Amazonas se basó en todas sus etapas en la asimilación.
Dos beaterios de Santa Rosa de Lima en Cusco: su historia y su arte
Authors: Kubiak Ewa
Published: December 2020

Este artículo se ha dedicado a los dos beaterios de Santa Rosa, que funcionaron en Cusco desde la década de los ochenta del siglo XVIII. Originariamente, existía un único recogimiento bajo la advocación de esta Santa, que reunía tanto a españolas, como a indígenas y a mestizas (según los documentos). Sin embargo, a resultas del confl icto racial y social surgido en los años ochenta de ese siglo, el beaterio se dividió en dos instituciones, que a partir de entonces tendrían sedes separadas. En la calle de San Andrés se ubicaría el beaterio de las españolas, y en un callejón situado junto al monasterio de Santo Domingo el destinado a las indígenas y mestizas. El presente artículo recrea la historia de ambas instituciones a base de la relación de José María Blanco, que data de 1834, y de varios documentos conservados, que proceden del siglo XVIII. Asimismo, se presentan datos estimativos referentes al interior de las capillas y a sus altares.
La fi gura del pishtaco andino como expresión simbólica de trauma social, aculturación y conflicto (ss. XVI-XXI)
Authors: Mąka† Mirosław , Jodłowska Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

El pishtaco andino es una de las fi guras más intrigantes y difíciles de defi nir dentro del imaginario po-pular. No cabe en ninguna de las categorías de seres sobrenaturales presentes en el universo de las creen-cias de los pueblos andinos. Crea su categoría propia, autónoma, que genéticamente radica tanto en la realidad histórica de las primeras décadas de la conquista, como en la mitología autóctona. Constituye una conceptualización y visualización de la trauma cultural muy profunda y fruto de su tratamiento sicológico que ha atribuido una cara y una fi gura a las amenazas existenciales nuevas. El temor ante lo desconocido implicaría un estado de desamparo y, en cambio, el temor ante un enemigo conocido permite elaborar una estrategia de defensa. En la mitología milenarista andina del periodo siguiente a la Conquista el pishtaco apareció como una fi gura simbólica personalizando al enemigo que va a desa-parecer solo cuando se reaviva el imperio Inca idealizado. El pishtaco no viene dotado de una sola cara o un solo aspecto. En los últimos 500 años aparecía llevando vestido de convento, del hacendado cruel, de un soldado, de un médico o cualquiera otro a quien los campesinos hubiesen reconocido como „ajeno”. Las visualizaciones más antiguas que se han descrito ya en el siglo XVI siguen siendo vivas y le suceden, sobreponiéndose a ellas, las visualizaciones siguientes, creadas más tarde. Es sorprendentemente viva la creencia en la existencia del pishtaco hasta en los tiempos contemporáneos. Esto da fe de una estructura interna perfecta de la misma que ha sido capaz de adaptarse a unas formas de amenaza contemporáneas. El pishtaco ataca a los indios, les degüella y extrae su grasa que no consume (¡no es un variante de vam-piro!) sino la transfi ere a manos de los blancos en donde se utiliza para resforzar los equipos que fabrican ellos. Los relatos más antiguos y más populares en Perú cuentan como se añadía la grasa de los indios a las aleaciones de metales, a ordenadores o teléfonos. La lógica de esta creencia viene apoyada sobre una valorización extraordinaria de la grasa humana en las sociedades andinas tradicionales quienes veían en ella una sustancia y un poder vitales. El pishtaco mata al indio y le extrae su grasa para que su fuerza vital sirviese al enemigo. Esto incluye una simbólica universal y una metáfora del confl icto eterno entre los pueblos dominados de los Andes y las diferentes impersonaciones de sus enemigos. El pishtaco es una fi gura del temor ante la amenaza a su propia existencia física y una aculturación que lleva hacia la destrucción de la identidad conjunta de este grupo social. Paradójicamente, sin embargo, se ha vuelto un factor integrante de los que creen en ella identifi cando al enemigo y movilizándoles a defenderse.
(Un)translatability. Onomastics in Olga Tokarczuk’s Primeval and Other Times
Authors: Białek Marta
Published: December 2020

Translating culture-specific elements proves to be a challenging task, obliging the translator to refer to his/her extratextual knowledge. Such a necessity is especially noticeable in the case of onomastics which constitutes a vital part of Olga Tokarczuk’s novel Primeval and Other Times. Its English translator, Antonia Lloyd-Jones, decided to adopt only a few of translation strategies for proper nouns specified by Andrew Chesterman, which in most instances bereft the source text of its complexity.
STRATEGIC ALLIANCE IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: BARRIERS FACING ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN AN EMERGING MARKET
Authors: Bodunde Funmilayo , Akinrata Ebunoluwa , Oke Ayodeji , Babalola Ayotunde
Published: December 2020

Construction firms over the world involve in Strategy Alliance (SA) in order to achieve efficient time-cost-quality relationship during construction process through knowledge sharing, team culture and risk management with one another. Despite the numerous benefits gained, there are still various barriers facing it in the developing world. This paper is aimed at analysing the current level of awareness and barrier facing SA procurement method in the building industry in an emerging market (EM) using Nigeria as a case study, to profound future steps in avoiding these barriers and to encourage maximum implementation in the construction industry. A survey design was employed in evaluating the level of awareness of SA and barriers facing its adoption in building industry. Construction professionals in Nigeria were examined through a well-structured questionnaire. Mean Item Score and Factor Analysis were utilized in evaluating data gathered on the current barriers to SA procurement method in the construction industry. It was revealed from the study that the awareness level of SA procurement method within the industry amongst construction professionals is moderately high. This indicates that the barrier facing SA procurement method is not the issue of awareness but of willingness to adopt it. It was also established from the study that fear and trust issue, lack of strategic planning toward alliance, inadequate knowledge about alliance and, different in cultural values were the major component barriers facing strategic alliance procurement method. The study shows the true reflection of the current barriers facing the adoption of SA procurement methods in the developing country and notable points in this study can be largely recommended to promote strategic alliance partnership among construction firms the Nigerian construction industry and other emerging economy countries were building projects are carried out in the same approach, style and method.