bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM PESSOAS COM ÚLCERA VENOSA E AS CARACTERÍSTICAS E SINTOMAS ASSOCIADOS À FERIDA
Authors: Kaizer Uiara Aline de Oliveira , Domingues Elaine Aparecida Rocha , Paganelli Ana Beatriz de Toledo Saib
Published: January 2021

Objetivo:avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com úlcera venosa e correlacionar com as características clínicas e sintomas associados à ferida. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico. Para as análises das associações das variáveis qualitativas foram aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, e para as variáveis quantitativas, o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Utilizou-se o instrumento Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing para a avaliação da ferida e o Freiburg Life Quality Assessment Wound-wk para análise da qualidade de vida. Fizeram parte do estudo 103 sujeitos com tempo de feridas superior a seis semanas, de etiologia venosa. Resultados: houve correlação das características clínicas da úlcera venosa e sintomas associados com a qualidade de vida. Nas dimensões sintomas físicos, pessoas com úlcera venosa apresentraram pior escore em relação ao sintoma dor (p<0,0001). Associadas a isso, as características clínicas como a aparência (p< 0,0001) e a área (p=0,0037) da ferida também manifestaram correlação. Em relação à escala de avaliação da ferida (área, tecido na ferida e exsudato), o pior escore interferiu nos sintomas físicos. Conclusão: a dor, tamanho da ferida e seu aspecto influenciam negativamente na qualidade de vida de pessoas com úlcera venosa
COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM: A PANACEA FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN NQILENI VILLAGE, EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   Walter Sisulu University Butterworth Campus, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, South Africa, SETOKOE Tshepiso Jonathan
Published: January 2021

This article investigates the viability of community-based tourism (CBT) in support of socio-economic development and poverty alleviation through a case study in Nqileni Village, Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. This was done through data solicited using a qualitative research approach amongst residents of Nqileni village in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The data collected was then analysed using NVivo system, version 11, which provided substance to the research through the creation of a comprehensive observation report. The results indicated a positive view of members of the community relating to the contribution of CBT to community development (socio-economics) and poverty alleviation.
Parental involvement in early childhood classrooms: Turkish teachers’ views and practices
Authors:   School of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, Ekinci-Vural Deniz
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand Turkish early childhood teachers’ views and practices of parent involvement (PI). Qualitative research design was utilized for this research by asking five open-ended research questions to one hundred female teachers who work in the public preschools. The results of the study indicated that teachers apply various forms of parental involvement considering Epstein (1995) six type of parent involvement model. The findings suggest that while volunteering in the classroom was the most common PI, on the other hand decision making was one of the least PI form that teachers used. The results highlighted that teachers’ aims to involve parents are relevant to their thinking of beneficial outcomes for children, families, and teachers. Majority of teachers think that parental involvement is very high in their classrooms and they have significant role in that because they are very intent in informing parents, or organizing the activities. According to the teachers, some of the obstacles of parental involvement are; families education level, having multiple children in the family, fathers’ absence in classroom activities, parents unwillingness to do the homework, parents not participating in seminars, lack of space and crowded classrooms.
Tiempo óptimo para medición de paratohormona como predictor de hipocalcemia en pacientes posterior a tiroidectomía total
Authors: Lagos Jenith , Herrera Jorge Augusto , Lagos Daniela , Merchán Galvis Angela María
Published: January 2021

Introducción. La hipocalcemia posterior a tiroidectomía total es una complicación frecuente en la cirugía de tiroides. La hormona paratiroidea ha demostrado ser un predictor confiable para detectar los pacientes con alto riesgo de hipocalcemia significativa y la consecuente necesidad de administrar suplemento de calcio. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el tiempo óptimo de medición de la paratohormona para dicho fin. Métodos. Estudio prospectivo realizado en dos instituciones de nivel III en Popayán, Colombia, entre abril de 2016 y febrero de 2018, en el cual se midieron niveles de paratohormona prequirúrgico, a las 0, 2, 4 y 12 horas del postoperatorio, y se compararon con los valores obtenidos a los 3 meses de seguimiento en pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomía total. Se consideró como grupos de riesgo y con necesidad de suplemento de calcio un valor de paratohormona menor de 10 pg/ml o una disminución mayor del 80 % con respecto al valor prequirúrgico. Resultados. Se incluyeron 34 pacientes intervenidos. Tomando como umbral un valor menor de 10 pg/ml, la medición de paratohormona a las 4 horas fue sensible y específica (60 y 93,1 % respectivamente). Para una disminución mayor del 80 % con respecto al valor prequirúrgico, la sensibilidad fue del 60 % y la especificidad del 96,5 %, presentando un valor predictivo positivo de 75 % y negativo del 93,3 %, con una p < 0,001. Discusión. Una disminución mayor del 80 % del valor de paratohormona prequirúrgico medida a las 4 horas después de la tiroidectomía total permite identificar aquellos pacientes con alto riesgo de hipocalcemia significativa, que requieren administración temprana de suplementos de calcio, comparado con la determinación de la disminución a las 0, 2 y 12 horas postoperatorias.
Cirugía de cabeza y cuello durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Colombia: Experiencia de un centro de excelencia
Authors: Castañeda Martha , Jiménez Jorge , Morales-Uribe Carlos Hernando , Sanchez Delgado Juan Guillermo , Garcia-Lozano Carlos , Isaza Marin Adriana , Vargas David , Sanabria Quiroga Alvaro Enrique
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La pandemia por SARS-CoV modificó la prestación de servicios de salud para priorizar el manejo de los casos emergentes. La Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía fue una de las primeras en liderar dichas iniciativas. Este estudio describe el comportamiento de los servicios de salud de un centro especializado en patología de cabeza y cuello en Colombia.

Métodos: Este es un análisis retrospectivo de una cohorte prospectiva. Se uso la base de datos administrativa. Las variables analizadas fueron el número y tipo de consultas y procedimientos realizadas en los periodos de enero-julio de 2109 y su comparación con el mismo periodo de 2020. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo usando promedio y desviación estándar y porcentajes.

Resultados: Se analizaron 3521 consultas y 866 procedimientos quirúrgicos. Se observó una caída del número de consultas que alcanzó su punto más bajo en el mes de abril con un 33.9% de disminución El número de consultas de telemedicina aumentó desde marzo de 2020 hasta alcanzar un 98% en el mes de abril. Se observó una caída del número de procedimientos, pero con un aumento compensatorio en junio del 62.5%. A la fecha ningún paciente ni integrantes del equipo de atención ha presentado infección por COVID-19.

Discusión:  La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un efecto importante en el número de consultas y de procedimientos quirúrgicos de cabeza y cuello.  La estrategia de telemedicina ayuda a compensar la disminución del acceso a la atención especializada.
Mais que um grupo de Facebook:
Authors: De Godoi Rodrigo , Paula da Rosa Ana
Published: January 2021

Este artigo se propõe a discutir as lógicas específicas de midiatização do grupo LDRV, formado no Facebook. Através de observação participante, chega-se a três lógicas de midiatização: apropriação, contra repetição e negociação, manifestadas em usos, apropriações, operações e códigos acionados no grupo, revelando características internas de funcionamento do arranjo e em relação ao contexto social. Pondera-se que a microambiência criada pelo grupo é porosa a transversalidade da midiatização e, apesar de tentar ser fechada, é vazada ao macroambiente. Isso pode ser visto, por exemplo, em situações em que o grupo é absorvido pela indústria cultural e transformado em capital econômico.
Educational Needs of Adult Refugees’ Educators: A Greek Case Study
Authors:   Hellenic Open University, Greece, Kafritsa Vasiliki , Anagnou Evaggelos , Fragoulis Iosif
Published: January 2021

In the present paper we tried to describe the educational needs of the adult refugees’ educators in the area of Leros, Greece. To collect our data, we used the qualitative approach and conducted interviews throughout the avalanche sampling, so that the participants could express their ideas and perceptions. Our sample consists of adult refugees’ educators working in NGO ECHO100PLUS, which is activated in Leros. The analysis of the data revealed the educators’ inexperience and lack of training, At the same time, those areas where trainers need further training, as well as their preferences for trainers and the type of training, were recorded.
High-capacity capacitor tantalum powders from production waste
Authors:   Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials, Subdivision of Federal Research Centre «Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences», Orlov V.M. , Prokhorova T.Yu. ,   Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials, Subdivision of Federal Research Centre «Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences», Kiselev E.N. ,   Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials, Subdivision of Federal Research Centre «Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences»
Published: January 2021

The possibility of producing high-quality high-capacity tantalum powder from certain types of tantalum wastes by their oxidation and subsequent magnesium thermal reduction is discussed. Capacitor powders with a specific charge of 100000—150000 µC·g–1 and leakage current less than 0.001 μA·μC–1 were obtained.
Results of the evaluation of the semi-empirical model on the selection of optimal constructive and technological parameters for a granulated loading filter
Authors: Charnyi D. V. , Matseliuk E. M. , Onanko Yu. A.
Published: January 2021

Topicality. A survey of the water use system at a state-owned enterprise processing agricultural products revealed the technological processes that cause biofouling of pipelines by colloidal inclusions (mainly phytoplankton conglomerates of blue-green algae). The implementation of measures that can protect existing technological structures against the ingress of significant masses of phytoplankton is an urgent task that can be solved with the help of mechanical filters. The efficiency of previous granulated loading filters depends very much on the properties of the filter loading. When filter loading is made of foamed polystyrene granules of food brands, phytoplankton retention is quite effective due to the physical adsorption of cyanobacteria conglomerates on the surface of these granules.

Research results. By applying the semi-empirical model developed in IWPLR of NAAS, the optimal design and technological parameters of the filter with foam polystyrene loading were selected. That enabled to develop the design of a clarifying filter - a phytoplankton retainer for the treatment of circulating water at the enterprise Chervonoslobidsky distillery.

In the lower part of the filter the lower drainage system in the form of a false bottom is placed, equipped with hole caps. It provides the source water entry for filtration and discharge of flush water during filter washing. The granules of the filter loading are kept from floating with the false bottom of the upper drainage, which is equipped with return filters - hole caps. Filtered water is collected in the abovefiltering space between the false bottom and the upper part of the filter body, from where it is delivered through a pipeline to the consumers.

The application of the developed filter design allows reducing the construction costs and simplifies the filter design, which in turn increases its reliability and overall service life. The practical application of this filter provided the required degree of retention of cyanobacteria cells and conglomerates from the treated water. This filter design differs from the standard with a 1.5 times increased filter loading layer. This enabled to double the duration of a filter cycle and, at the same time, did not increase the volume of flushing water, i.e. operating costs.

Conclusions. Based on the results of the developed semi-empirical model, the design and technological parameters of granular filters for recycling of wastewater from the distilleries were determined, which became the basis for developing a new filter design for water purification from cyanobacteria cells and colonies. The high efficiency of the developed design of the clarifying filter - phytoplankton retainer was experimentally proved. The use of the developed filter increases the economic efficiency of the circulating use of the wastewater from Chervonoslobidsky distillery by 1.3 - 1.5 times compared to the market offers of mechanical filters.
Analysis of Education Policies in the Pandemic Covid-19 for Maintenance and Improving the Quality of High Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Dasrimin Henderikus
Published: January 2021

ItuTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan sekolah menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, dan angket. Teknik analisis menggunakan konsep Juran Trilogy yang berkaitan dengan perencanaan kualitas, pengendalian dan peningkatan kualitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pihak sekolah telah merencanakan program pembelajaran sesuai dengan harapan pemerintah dan stakeholders. Sekolah juga harus melaksanakan program-program yang telah direncanakan dengan tetap memperhatikan protokol kesehatan dan penjaminan mutu, walaupun masih banyak tantangan atau kendala yang harus dihadapi. Dalam konteks pengendalian kualitas, sekolah terus melakukan evaluasi dan pemantauan. Hasil evaluasi dan monitoring menjadi acuan bagi sekolah untuk terus berupaya meningkatkan kualitas.
A language for qualia: on verbal influence of the phenomenal
Authors: Kuzeev Sergei
Published: January 2021

Despite several decades of intense scrutiny, the problem of the “explanatory gap” remains one of the most topical issues in today’s cognitive sciences. This paper argues that, if re-articulated as the (relative) ineffability of phenomenal properties of sensory experiences, it can become an object of linguistic treatment to a sensible effect. The paper proceeds from discussing the problem of ineffability at large to a brief analysis of the current accounts of phenomenal mental states. It then proposes a tentative descriptive framework for phenomenal judgments, i.e. statements involving reference to the speaker’s qualia. The main argument of the paper consists in relativization of the ineffability thesis and in establishing that phenomenal contents can be communicated verbally via a special type of discursive units––phenomemes––by way of referencing relational properties of the sensory experiences in question. In the concluding section, the paper suggests that phenomemes constitute a narrative dimension and highlights the potential of further research on the subject for the pragmatics of communication, cognitive stylistics, and other areas of the language-related scholarship.
Personal Hygiene and Sanitary Practices among the School Girls in Dhangadhi, Nepal
Authors: Joshi Dirgha Raj , Joshi Saraswati Kumari , Adhikari Nisha , Joshi Sita Kumari , Joshi Durga Kumari , Joshi Shristi , Chaudhary Kalpana , Joshi Tulsi , Bhandari Ravin
Published: January 2021

The inadequate knowledge of personal hygiene
and sanitation is directly correlated with the health of an individual, a
family, a community, a nation, and the globe as a whole. To know the knowledge,
attitude, and practices (KAP) of personal hygiene and sanitation among the girl
students in Dhangadhi, Nepal; this study was conducted in four different
schools and a total of 238 girl students were selected specifically from the
grade 5 to 10 following their age range from 11 to 18 years and the data was
collected by filling the premade questionnaires.
Narrowing the Gap for Minority Cancer Survivors: Exercise Oncology in the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Norris Mary K. , Fox Frank S. , Lee Christi , Wang Ellice , Green Katherine , Yan Huimin , Dieli-Conwright Christina M.
Published: January 2021

While the field of exercise oncology has substantially progressed in recent years, a significant void exists in the inclusion of and focus on minority patients diagnosed with cancer, particularly blacks and Hispanics. Blacks and Hispanics are less physically active, experience higher rates of comorbid conditions, and have poorer cancer prognosis when compared to white counterparts. Exercise prevents and reduces an array of health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and risk of certain cancers. However, black and Hispanic cancer survivors are underrepresented across exercise intervention trials. In this review, we discuss previous explorations among minority cancer survivors with a focus on exercise prescription, targeted outcomes, patient demographics, and barriers to exercise. We also discuss knowledge gaps and future directions necessary to progress the field of exercise oncology to include a more diverse cancer survivor cohort. In brief, we found few studies have evaluated the effect of exercise on physiologic health outcomes in black and Hispanic cancer survivors, with much research focused on psychosocial health. A majority of minority population-based research specifically targets the black breast cancer survivor population, with reported exercise-induced improvements observed in weekly physical activity, cardiorespira-tory fitness, muscle strength, quality of life, and fatigue. Minority cancer survivors also face unique challenges and barriers to exercise participation despite acknowledgement of the benefits with physical activity. Future investigations warrant explorations of exercise timing across the cancer continuum, inclusion of different types of cancer survivors, and novel exercise strategies with inclusion of culturally tailored educational and behavioral components.
Hidayati, R. eProsiding Seminar Nasional BPSDM Jabar 2018
Authors: Hidayati Ratnaningsih
Published: January 2021

Pengembangan kompetensi ASN di era revolusi industri 4.0 harus mengalami perubahan yang signifikan seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi yang menuntut tingkat efisiensi yang tinggi. PNS sebagai salah satu bagian dari Aparatur sipil Negara memiliki hak untuk mengembangkan kompetensinya sebanyak 20 jam pelajaran setiap tahunnya. Pengembangan kompetensi tersebut dapat pula dilakukan melalui pembelajaran nonklasikal atau E- Learning. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi terhadap peran Widyaiswara dalam pembelajaran nonklasikal melalui ELearning. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan desk research dan studi literatur. Hasil kajian terhadap beberapa literatur dan peraturan perundang-undangan menunjukkan bahwa dalam pembelajaran melalui ELearning, seorang Widyaiswara dapat berperan sebagai tutor, penguji dan/atau coach. Peran Widyaiswara tersebut menuntut Widyaiswara agar dapat senantiasa mengembangkan kompetensinya terutama dalam menyusun bahan dan metodologi pembelajaran agar pengembangan kompetensi ASN dapat dioptimalkan menggunakan sistem E-Learning. Widyaiswara juga perlu untuk terus melakukan pengkinian pengetahuan dan keterampilan di bidang teknologi informasi agar dapat mengasilkan materi pembelajaran E-Learning yang menarik dan berkualitas
MEX3D is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: January 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that mex-3 RNA-binding family member D, encoded by MEX3D, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. MEX3D mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of MEX3D in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of MEX3D expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.
Tetap Produktif dengan Mengembangkan Literasi di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Rahmadani Aldha Naila
Published: January 2021

Di masa-masa pandemi seperti sekarang hampir membuat segala aktivitas kita dilakukan secara dalam jaringan (daring). Meskipun demikian kita harus tetap produktif dan jangan bermalas-malasan. Pandemi bukan penghalang kita untuk tidak produktif, bahkan banyak hal yang bisakita lakukan meskipun segala aktifitas dilakukan di dalam jaringan.
A time travel amidst a recession
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh
Published: January 2021

Since I was born in 1998, three major international economic crises had hit: the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1999, the Dotcom bubble in the early 2000s, and the 2007- 2008 financial crisis. And now, the world is undergoing another economic downturn due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Value Estimation and Latent-State Update-Related Neural Activity During Fear Conditioning Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity
Authors: Letkiewicz Allison , Cochran Amy L. , Privatsky Anthony , James G. Andrew , Cisler Josh M.
Published: January 2021

Learning theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) purport that fear learning processes, such as those that support fear acquisition and extinction, are impaired. Computational models that aim to capture specific processes involved in fear learning have primarily assessed model free, or trial-and-error, reinforcement learning (RL). Although prior research indicates that aspects of model-free RL are disrupted among individuals with PTSD, models have yet to quantify and identify whether more nuanced, contextually driven learning is also disrupted. Given empirical evidence of aberrant contextual modulation of fear in PTSD, the present study sought to identify whether model-based RL processes are altered during fear conditioning among women with interpersonal violence (IPV)-related PTSD (n=85) using computational modeling. Several traditional models and a latent-state model that captured model-based RL were applied to skin conductance responses (SCR) collected during fear acquisition and extinction, and the latent-state model was identified as the best fitting model. Model-derived parameters from the latent-state model were carried forward to neuroimaging analyses (voxel-wise and independent component analysis) and results revealed that reduced latent-state related activity within visual processing regions uniquely predicted higher PTSD symptoms. Additionally, after controlling for latent-state update-related encoding, greater value estimation encoding within the left frontoparietal network during fear acquisition and reduced value estimation encoding within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during fear extinction predicted greater PTSD symptoms. Results provide evidence of disrupted model-based RL processes in women with IPV-related PTSD, which may contribute to difficulties revising fear and safety information. Future work should further assess model-based RL in PTSD.
Neurocognitive Performance Differences Between Black and White Individuals with HIV Disease are Mediated by Health Literacy
Authors: Beltran-Najera Ilex , Thompson Jennifer L. , Matchanova Anastasia , Sullivan Kelli L. , Babicz Michelle A. , Woods Steven Paul
Published: January 2021

Objective: Brain health disparities have been reported for Black Americans with HIV disease, who are disproportionally affected by the epidemic in the United States. The current study investigated whether the neurocognitive disparities experienced by Black Americans with HIV disease may be at least partly attributable to health literacy. Method: Participants were 61 White and 25 Black participants (ages 27-70) with HIV disease enrolled in studies at an urban academic center in Southern California. Neurocognitive function was assessed by an age-adjusted global score from the Cogstate battery. Health literacy was measured by a composite score derived from the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, Newest Vital Sign, and 3-Brief. Results: Bootstrap confidence interval mediation analyses showed that health literacy was a significant mediator of the hypothesized relationship between race and neurocognition; that is, there were no direct ethnoracial differences in neurocognition after accounting for health literacy. A follow-up inverted model to confirm the directionality of this association demonstrated that neurocognition was not a significant mediator of the relationship between race and health literacy. Conclusions: Low health literacy may help explain the observed neurocognitive health disparities for Black Americans with HIV disease. Future studies might examine the possible mechanism of this mediating relationship (e.g., access to health information, health behaviors, socioeconomics) and determine whether culturally tailored interventions that improve health literacy also confer brain health benefits for Black Americans with HIV disease.
Підтримка психологічного благополуччя педагога в професійній діяльності
Authors: Oleksenko Svetlana
Published: January 2021

One of the current problems of psychological support of professional development of teachers is to create conditions and offer effective technologies for maintaining and maintaining their psychological health in the process of professional development and teaching. The system of professional development of teachers can be part of the overall system of maintaining the psychological health of teachers in the process of their professional development. The most effective form of work to support the psychological well-being of teachers in professional activities, which can be used during the course of training and in the intercourse period is socio-psychological training, which includes elements of education, self-knowledge, formation and development of skills.
Why do children show racial biases in their resource allocation decisions?
Authors: Mandalaywala Tara M , Benitez Josie , Sagar Kaajal , Rhodes Marjorie
Published: January 2021

Young children often prefer people high in status and with access to resources. Children also favor fairness and equality, especially when it comes to sharing. Two studies examined how children (N = 185; 4.0 – 6.9 years, Mage = 5.49; 45% White; 12% Asian; 11% Black; 7% Hispanic; 24% other or undisclosed) reconcile these conflicting preferences by investigating the relation between children’s social preferences and resource allocations to White and Black children. Race provides an important case to examine how children resolve this conflict, as children show preferences for stereotypically high status (White) people, but also awareness of systemic racial inequality that disadvantages Black people. In a costly sharing resource allocation task (i.e., Dictator Game) where participants were asked how much of a limited resource they wanted to share with a Black and with a White child, Study 1 revealed that participants sometimes chose to share more with a White, compared to a Black, child, but that biased giving was unrelated to children’s biased feelings of warmth toward White children. Study 2 confirmed that biased giving was unrelated to children’s feelings of warmth, and instead implicated children’s beliefs about race and wealth: Children who expected White people to have more wealth showed more pro-White bias in their giving behavior. Together, these results suggest that cultural stereotypes about wealth might shape children’s economic decision-making in a way that perpetuates disadvantage, but also indicated that the processes that underlie resource allocation decisions warrant further study.
Are Bilingual Logical Representations Shared?: Priming scopally ambiguous sentences in English, Estonian, and Dutch
Authors: Slim Mieke Sarah , Katsos Napoleon
Published: January 2021

Do bilinguals use the same logical representations in processing both languages they know if the languages they know diverge on the preferred interpretation of a scopally ambiguous sentence? We investigated this question by studying effects of cross-linguistic influence and priming in the comprehension of scopally ambiguous all...not sentences. In this investigation, we focused on Estonian-English bilinguals, because these sentences are interpreted differently in English compared to Estonian.Across four sentence-picture matching experiments, we firstly observed that bilingual logical representations can be primed within languages (both from L1-to-L1 and from L2-to-L2) and between languages (both from L1-to-L2 and from L2-to-L1). This finding indicates that bilinguals make use of shared logical representations in processing the languages they know, and that logical representations do not specify language-specific biases in the assignment of scope. Secondly, we observed that bilinguals experience bidirectional cross-linguistic influence in the construction of logical representations. This finding suggests that bilingual representations of implicit knowledge about scopal preferences is integrated between the languages they know.
Expert Predictions of Societal Change: Insights from the World after COVID Project
Authors: Grossmann Igor , Twardus Oliver , Varnum Michael E. W. , Jayawickreme Eranda , McLevey John
Published: January 2021

How do experts in human behavior think the world change after the COVID-19 pandemic? What advice do they have for the post-pandemic world? Is there a consensus on the most significant psychological and societal changes ahead? To answer these questions, we analyzed interviews from the World after COVID project – reflections of more than 50 of the world’s top behavioral and social science experts, including fellows of National Academies and presidents of major scientific societies. These experts independently shared their thoughts on possible psychological changes in society in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and provided recommendations how to respond to the new challenges and opportunities these shifts may bring. We distilled these predictions and suggestions via human-coded analyses and natural language processing techniques. In general, experts showed little overlap in their predictions, except for convergence on a set of social/societal themes (e.g., greater appreciation for social connection, increasing political conflict). Half of the experts approached their post-COVID predictions dialectically, highlighting both positive and negative features of the same domain of change, and many expressed uncertainty in their predictions. The project offers a time capsule of experts’ predictions for the effects of the pandemic on a wide range of outcomes. We discuss the implications of heterogeneity in these predictions, the value of uncertainty and dialecticism in forecasting, and the value of balancing explanation with predictions in expert psychological judgment.
Central Bank Reserves during the Bretton Woods Period: New data from France, the UK and Switzerland
Authors: Naef Alain
Published: January 2021

This paper presents new daily data on central bank reserves during the Bretton Woods period. It is the first paper to provide daily data for the Bank of France, Bank of England and Swiss National Bank directly from these central bank’s archives. I discuss some of the issue with these data and make them available to other researchers for further analysis.
Identity politics as the basis for interethnic accord in a multiethnic region (on the example of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug)
Authors: Martynov Mikhail , Purtova Viktoria
Published: January 2021

The article attempts to identify the correlation between the state of interethnic accord in the region and the conceptual foundations of the identity policy on the example of such a multinational region of the Russian Federation with increased migration attractiveness as Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. Bringing out the two main types of identities – ethnopolitical and macropolitical – the authors draw attention to the fact that in the justification of each type stand the interests of groups in real policy and the scientific tradition as well. Appealing to this or that concept is defined both by the conservatism of these traditions and by political circumstances. The definition of interethnic harmony is proposed in the article. The empirical basis of the research are the results of sociological surveys conducted under the leadership of the authors in 2018–2019, secondary analysis of the results of sociological research conducted in 2014–2015 in the region, as well as data from official statistics. The method of cluster analysis of data obtained from the sociological survey on the territories of municipal entities of the autonomous okrug was applied. The results of the sociological surveys make it possible to establish a correlation between the respondents' assessment of the state of interethnic relations and the activities of political actors in the sphere of identity policy. The cross-temporal comparison of identity policy conducted in the region in the 2010 s, showed that, the policy based on national-state (macropolitical) identity to ensure interethnic accord was more effective. The Russian regions are multiethnic in composition. Therefore, the study of the conceptual foundations of the formation of interethnic accord by means of identity policy on the example of such a multiethnic region with high migration attractivness, as Ugra, is relevant.
Presidential or parliamentary system: what hinds an ethnic conflict
Authors: Zaznaev Oleg , Sidorov Viktor
Published: January 2021

Ethnic conflict management includes a set of institutional and noninstitutional features for preventing and resolving ethnic conflicts. Among the large number of measures of national states and other political actors, one can especially figure out – the optimal organization of government system, which can calm ethnically colored conflicts, up to violence, armed warfare and civil wars. This article discusses the problem of the relationship between forms of government, on the one hand, and ethnic conflicts, on the other. That causation received small attention in political science. The authors answer the question of which form of government – presidential or parliamentary – creates risks of ethnic conflict. The purpose of the article is to identify institutional elements that pose a threat to ethnic peace and harmony, as well as show the positive features of presidentialism and parliamentarism that to calm ethnic conflicts. The authors chose neoinstitutionalism as the main methodological approach, which determines the central place of political institutions in explaining the nature of ethnic conflicts. The authors' conclusions are based on a comparative analysis of the theoretical and empirical results of studies of ethnic conflicts. The authors conclude that the presidential system creates more favorable conditions for calming ethnic conflicts that the parliamentary system do. In order to “smooth out” the negative consequences of the presidential and parliamentary systems, national governments conduct institutional “experiments” to modernize classical institutional models. The article discusses atypical systems and atypical elements of systems that help solve problems inherent in a “pure” presidential and “pure” parliamentary system. The article also assesses empirical studies that providing research on causation between government and ethnic conflicts.
Absurdism in Atirikta Yatra by K. S. Yatri and The American Dream by Edward Albee
Authors: Subedi Tika Data
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work is to study Edward Albee and K. S. Yatri’s approach regarding the status of respective societies of America and Nepal with absurd drama following their agenda. K. S. Yatri and Edward Albee seemed to be influenced by the absurdist mode of drama which concerns much about the modern existence of social human beings. Albee follows absurdist traces in the dramatization of uncertainty, alienation and the question of freedom in The American Dream. His characters do not have fixed identities, and they suffer from their individual problems. The notion of the characters and their activities too are uncertain. In the same way, the ambiguity of existence, whether the characters really are or not, is a problem for the characters in Atirikta Yatra. The characters are based on illusions, and the line between the reality and fantasy is missing. Alienation of the human being from the self and the other is existential theme that K. S. Yatri deals with in Atirikta Yatra. Alienation in the play is caused by the lack of communication, and as a result, the isolated self is entrapped in Yatri’s characters due to their own condition. Freedom becomes a confusing question in his works as it makes the characters anxious while choosing one option among various others on their own, and it renders the characters responsible for their free choices. Though, two texts belong to divergent space however both show how absurdism has affected individuals and society everywhere at present.
An Analysis of Social Cost in School Level Education of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Mina Raj
Published: January 2021

Social costs in education plays decisive role for education development and economic growth of a nation. In this context, this article tries to analyze the size, trend and growth rate of social cost in the education sector of Nepal by disaggregating it into total social cost, recurrent social cost, capital social cost, unit cost and marginal cost in community based school education of Nepal. The study is based on the secondary data obtained from official documents of Nepal’s Government such as flash report, budget speech, red book and so on. The time series data from 2011 AD to 2015 AD were collected for the analysis by using convenience non-random sampling method. The overall finding of the study shows that the share of the annual average social cost in education is 15.84 percent of the total cost of the government of Nepal. In other words, the government has allocated annual average Rs 68930697.6 thousands as social cost in educational sector during the study years. The average annual growth rate of this cost is 5.15 percent. The study also indicates that annual average total social cost is Rs 68930697.6 thousands, recurrent social cost is Rs 5,71,63,418.79 thousands and capital social cost is Rs 1,17,67,278.81 thousands in Nepal. Similarly, annual average total social cost is estimated to be Rs 3,33,35,928.80 thousands. The total social unit cost per teacher and total social unit cost per student are Rs 196.39 thousands and 5.51 thousands respectively. The annual average marginal social cost per teacher and marginal social cost per student are Rs 1308.08 thousands and -202.96 thousands respectively. The negative sign indicates that student enrolment has decreased over the study period. The findings of the study conclude that there is no any predictable relationship among student enrolment, teaching and non-teaching staffs and social cost of education in case of Nepal. However, UNESCO (1999) had analyzed public investment on education of 16 countries and it found that their average investment on education was 19.2 percent of GDP. Therefore, Nepal government should increase in educational investment from its current status of 15.80 percent to at least more than it in the coming years to develop educational sector of Nepal.
Relation between Insurance and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Khadka Arjun Bikram
Published: January 2021

This paper scrutinizes the relationship between insurance penetration and economic growth of Nepal on annual macroeconomic data for the period of 1997-2017 source from World Bank’s database. This paper has revealed the behavior of Nepalese insurance on the context of economic growth. Pragmatic results show positively high correlation between penetration and economic growth. However, there is very low percentage of insured population in Nepal. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation was used to diagnose results from data collected from world bank database. This study discloses the positive and significant relationship between insurance penetration and economic growth.
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention and Control Measures in Community: A Literature Review
Authors: Kalikotay Bhagawaty
Published: January 2021

There is a new public health crises threatening the world with the emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There have been around 25,300,975 reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and 848,673 reported deaths to date (30/08/2020). Extensive literature review of publicly available information to summarize sign and symptoms as well as prevention of COVID-19 was carried out. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. The case fatality rate is estimated to range from 2 to 3%. Diagnosis is by demonstration of the virus in respiratory secretions by special molecular tests. Common laboratory findings include elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Prevention entails home isolation of suspected cases and those with mild illnesses and strict infection control measures at hospitals that include contact and droplet precautions.
Effect of COVID-19 on Rural Economy at Eastern Terai of Nepal
Authors: Timsina Tirtha Raj
Published: January 2021

This article aims to find out the effect of COVID-19 pandemic in rural agricultural economy. It is descriptive research so that the findings has tried to objectively described based on field survey the on the effects of pandemic at Pathari Shanishchare Municipality of Morang district situated in eastern Terai of Nepal. Rural economy of Nepal is primarily constituted by the dominance of agriculture and allied sectors which occupies two third of the domestic subsistence from the long year back. The world currently has passing through the panic effect of COVID-19 pandemic and none of the sectors has left behind from its effect. Evidence reveals that various sectors of Nepalese economy intensely influenced whereas the weaker segments of the society are hardest hit by pandemic. Despite the existence of effect in rural and agriculture sector in particular that has never anticipated, ultimately we are compelled to cope with such type of pandemic if existed anytime ahead. Therefore this study is one of the representative studies of the effect of pandemic through which rural people in general and the agricultural sectors in particular would be able to adapt the appropriate action plan in future. The study shows that the physical effect of this pandemic is comparatively lower but psychologically greater in nature. So the agriculture would be the better option to utilize surplus time and resources so that rural community as well as entire nation could cope with.
Impact of Service Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction in Commercial Bank
Authors: Mishra Udgam
Published: January 2021

The ever-changing behavior of customer has indulged bank and financial institution have a sincere look at its service quality. Providing quality service ensures competitiveness and simultaneously optimizing the level of customer satisfaction. This paper examines the impact of Service Quality Dimensions on customer satisfaction. This paper examines the impact of tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance and empathy on customer satisfaction in banks of Biratnagar. A sample of 127 account holders were randomly selected and date were analyzed through SPSS 26.0. Descriptive statistics, Factor analysis and Multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the impact of SERVQUAL model on satisfaction. The findings from the paper indicate that empathy and assurance have most significant influence in satisfaction followed by reliability and responsiveness whereas tangibility has negative and no significant relationship with satisfaction.
‘बसाइँ’ उपन्यासमा रसविधान 'Basain' Upanyasma Rasabidhan
Authors: ओझा Ojha बाबुराम Baburam
Published: January 2021

प्रस्तुत लेख ‘बसाइँ’ उपन्यासमा रहेको रसविधानको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । पूर्वीय काव्य परम्परामारसलाई महइभ्वपूर्ण काव्यतइभ्वका रूपमा हेरिएको छ । साहित्यमा रसले काव्य सौन्दर्यबाट प्राप्त आनन्दकोअनुभूतिलाई बुझाउँछ । यहाँ रस सामग्रीका आधारमा बसाइँ उपन्यासको विश्लेषण गरी उपन्यासमा रहेको अङ्गीरस र अङ्ग रसको पहिचान तथा त्यसको प्रभावको विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । यस लेखका लागिसामग्री सङ्कलन गर्न विशेषतः पुस्तकालयीय विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । विश्लेषणका लागि लिइएको ‘बसाइँ’उपन्यासलाई प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा र रससम्बन्धी सैद्धान्तिक पक्ष समेटिएका सामग्रीलाई द्वितीयक सामग्रीकारूपमा लिइएको छ । रसवादको स्थापित मान्यताका आधार बसाइँ उपन्यासको अध्ययन गरिएको हुनाले यहाँसामग्री विश्लेषणका लागि निगमन विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ भने र लेख प्रस्तुतीकरणमा मूलतः वर्णनात्मकविधि अवलम्बित छ । बसाइँ उपन्यासमा मुख्य वा अङ्गी रसका रूपमा करुण रस उत्पन्न हुन्छ र अङ्ग रसकारूपमा शृङ्गार रस जागृत हुन्छ । करुण रसको अभिव्यक्तिका लागि यहाँ शोक वा पीडालाई उद्दीप्त गराउनेकार्य गरिबी र त्यसका चपेटामा पिल्सिएको धने बस्नेतको परिवार आलम्बन विभावका रूपमा छन् र गरिबीलाईउकास्ने काम साहुको चर्को व्याजसहितको ऋणको भार र कूटनीति तथा हेपाइ जस्ता उद्दीपन विभावले गरेकाछन् । उपन्यासमा रहेको दुःखद परिस्थितिको साधारणीकरण भई पाठकले करुण रसको आस्वादन गर्छ । अतः यहाँकरुण रस परिपाकपूर्ण अवस्थामा देखापर्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।