bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New iron-cobalt clusters with silicon-containing dicarboxylic acids
Authors: Cazacu Maria , Vlad Angelica , Turta Constantin , Lisa Gabriela
Published: March 2012

For the first time, silicon-containing dicarboxylic acids were used to prepare two new heterotrinuclear carboxylates of the composition [Fe2IIICoIIO(Bcpdps)3(H2O)3], I, where H2Bcpdps ≡ HOOC-C6H4-Si(C6H5)2-C6H4COOH, and [Fe2IIICoIIO(Ipds)3(H2O)3], II, where H2Ipds ≡ [HOOC-C6H3(CO)2N-(CH2)3-(CH3)2Si]2O. The precursor for these two complexes was trinuclear µ3-oxo-hexaacetate triaqua diiron(III)cobalt(II) cluster, {Fe 2 CoO}, in which the acetate anions were subsequently substituted by silicon-containing dianions. The resulting products were characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), and Mossbauer spectroscopies (MS). The investigation by MS revealed the presence of the iron(3+) ions in high spin state and having the close environment. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated an improving in the thermal stability by replacing acetate anions with silicon-containing carboxyl ligands. This widens the temperature range in which such compounds can be used in practical applications.
Coupling of planar chromatography with Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry
Authors: Morlock Gertrud , Chernetsova Elena
Published: March 2012

Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is an emerging and rapidly developing area of ambient desorption ionization mass spectrometric techniques. Its coupling with planar chromatography is especially promising, as compared to other ambient desorption ionization techniques, because it does not require the use of liquids that may distort the shape of a spot by diffusion effects. In the first publications on TLC/HPTLC-DART-MS, due to the fixed, horizontally aligned supply of the gas flow from the DART ionization source to the MS inlet, the introduction of HPTLC/TLC plates as cut strips was inconvenient for quantitation, and the repeatability was very low due to the manual positioning. Recently a new version of the DART ion source was suggested, which allows adjusting the angle of the DART gas stream and the use of a motorized rail, thereby, improving highly the capabilities of TLC/HPTLC-DART-MS. This comprehensive review describes the development and analytical capabilities of TLC/HPTLC-DART-MS, and the general DART-MS perspectives for surface analysis or imaging MS.
Probiotic E.faecalis — adjuvant therapy in children with recurrent rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kitz Richard , Martens Ute , Zieseniß Egmont , Enck Paul , Rose Markus
Published: March 2012

Sinusitis is a frequent complication of respiratory tract infections. Probiotics are perceived to be useful in infections, allergies, and inflammations. Our prospective trial stratified 204 children with recurrent rhinosinusitis by age (2–11 years, 54m:64f; 12–18 years, 39m:47f) and assigned them to standard treatment (antibiotics, anticongestants) or additional 60 days Symbioflor-1 (SF1; Enterococcus faecalis 1.5–4.5x107 CFU). The number of sinusitis episodes was lower in SF1-treated patients (2.52±0.91) than among controls (3.27±1.36; p=0.01). Mean duration of the first sinusitis episode was 11.9±8.6 days with SF1, whereas it was 16.1±12.9 days in the younger controls (p=0.023) and 9.86±5.05 days in the elder controls (n.s.). Duration of subsequent sinusitis episodes was also shorter in SF1 patients (15.2±13.6 days) compared with controls (22.7±14.8 days; p=0.030). No adverse events were observed. Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis adjuvant to conventional therapy can reduce the number and duration of rhinosinusitis episodes in children and adolescents.
Effects of Unloading on Knee Articular Cartilage T1rho and T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Relaxation Times: A Case Series
Authors: Souza Richard B. , Baum Thomas , Wu Samuel , Feeley Brian T. , Kadel Nancy , Li Xiaojuan , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila
Published: March 2012

Study Design

Case series.

Background

It has been shown in rodent and canine models that cartilage composition is significantly altered in response to long-term unloading. To date, however, no in vivo human studies have investigated this topic. The objective of this case series was to determine the influence of unloading and reloading on T1rho and T2 relaxation times of articular cartilage in healthy young joints.

Case Description

Ten patients who required 6 to 8 weeks of non-weight bearing (NWB) for injuries affecting the distal lower extremity participated in the study. Quantitative T1rho and T2 imaging of the ipsilateral knee joint was performed at 3 time points: (1) prior to surgery (baseline), (2) immediately after a period of NWB (post-NWB), and (3) after 4 weeks of full weight bearing (post-FWB). Cartilage regions of interest were segmented and overlaid on T1rho and T2 relaxation time maps for quantification. Descriptive statistics are provided for all changes.

Outcomes

Increases of 5% to 10% in T1rho times of all femoral and tibial compartments were noted post-NWB. All values returned to near-baseline levels post-FWB. Increases in medial tibia T2 times were noted post-NWB and remained elevated post-FWB. The load-bearing regions showed the most significant changes in response to unloading, with increases of up to 12%.

Discussion

The observation of a transient shift in relaxation times confirms that cartilage composition is subject to alterations based on loading conditions. These changes appear to be mostly related to proteoglycan content and more localized to the load-bearing regions. However, following 4 weeks of full weight bearing, relaxation times of nearly all regions had returned to baseline levels, demonstrating reversibility in compositional fluctuations.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(6):511–520, Epub 8 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3975
The Validity of Upper-Limb Neurodynamic Tests for Detecting Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Nee Robert J. , Jull Gwendolen A. , Vicenzino Bill , Coppieters Michel W.
Published: March 2012

Synopsis

The validity of upper-limb neurodynamic tests (ULNTs) for detecting peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) was assessed by reviewing the evidence on plausibility, the definition of a positive test, reliability, and concurrent validity. Evidence was identified by a structured search for peer-reviewed articles published in English before May 2011. The quality of concurrent validity studies was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool, where appropriate. Biomechanical and experimental pain data support the plausibility of ULNTs. Evidence suggests that a positive ULNT should at least partially reproduce the patient's symptoms and that structural differentiation should change these symptoms. Data indicate that this definition of a positive ULNT is reliable when used clinically. Limited evidence suggests that the median nerve test, but not the radial nerve test, helps determine whether a patient has cervical radiculopathy. The median nerve test does not help diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, because diagnostic accuracy might have been distorted by the investigators' definitions of a positive ULNT. Furthermore, patients with PNP who presented with increased nerve mechanosensitivity rather than conduction loss might have been incorrectly classified by electrophysiological reference standards as not having PNP. The only evidence for concurrent validity of the ulnar nerve test was a case study on cubital tunnel syndrome. We recommend that researchers develop more comprehensive reference standards for PNP to accurately assess the concurrent validity of ULNTs and continue investigating the predictive validity of ULNTs for prognosis or treatment response. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(5):413–424, Epub 8 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3988
Using Sympathetic Skin Responses in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury as a Quantitative Evaluation of Motor Imagery Abilities
Authors: Grangeon Murielle , Charvier Kathleen , Guillot Aymeric , Rode Gilles , Collet Christian
Published: March 2012

Background

Motor imagery (MI) ability should be evaluated in selected individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who can benefit from MI training in their rehabilitation program. Electrodermal activity seems to be a reliable indicator for assessing MI ability. However, individuals with SCI have a variety of autonomic dysfunctions.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate electrodermal responses (EDRs) elicited by MI.

Design

A cost-utility analysis of EDR above and below the lesion level in individuals with complete or incomplete SCI (n=30) versus a control group of individuals who were healthy (n=10) was used.

Method

The EDR was recorded above and below the lesion level during MI of a drinking action. Duration, latency, and amplitude of EDR were the outcome measures.

Results

Hand and foot EDR in the control group occurred with the same pattern and similar latencies, suggesting a common efferent sympathetic pathway to sweat glands of the hand and foot mediating a sympathetic skin response. Individuals with SCI elicited responses above the lesion level. The EDR amplitude was correlated to the lesion level and autonomic dysreflexia history. No foot response was recorded in individuals with complete cervical and thoracic motor lesions. Foot response with a lower amplitude and higher latency occurred in participants with incomplete motor lesion, suggesting a link between the descending motor pathway and sympathetic function.

Limitations

The small sample of individuals with incomplete SCI limits the generalization of the results obtained at the foot site.

Conclusions

Electrodermal response above the lesion level may be a reliable index for assessing MI ability in individuals with SCI. It is a noninvasive, user-friendly method for clinicians to consider before enrolling individuals in MI training.
Quantitative Paraspinal Muscle Measurements: Inter-Software Reliability and Agreement Using OsiriX and ImageJ
Authors: Fortin Maryse , Battié Michele C.
Published: March 2012

Background

Variations in paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and composition, particularly of the multifidus muscle, have been of interest with respect to risk of, and recovery from, low back pain problems. Several investigators have reported on the reliability of such muscle measurements using various protocols and image analysis programs. However, there is no standard protocol for tissue segmentation, nor has there been an investigation of reliability or agreement of measurements using different software.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed muscle measurement protocol and determine the reliability and agreement of associated paraspinal muscle composition measurements obtained with 2 commonly used image analysis programs: OsiriX and ImageJ.

Design

This was a measurement reliability study.

Methods

Lumbar magnetic resonance images of 30 individuals were randomly selected from a cohort of patients with various low back conditions. Muscle CSA and composition measurements were acquired from axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the multifidus muscle, the erector spinae muscle, and the 2 muscles combined at L4–L5 and S1 for each participant. All measurements were repeated twice using each software program, at least 5 days apart. The assessor was blinded to all earlier measurements.

Results

The intrarater reliability and standard error of measurement (SEM) were comparable for most measurements obtained using OsiriX or ImageJ, with reliability coefficients (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]) varying between .77 and .99 for OsiriX and .78 and .99 for ImageJ. There was similarly excellent agreement between muscle composition measurements using the 2 software applications (inter-software ICCs=.81–.99).

Limitations

The high degree of inter-software measurement reliability may not generalize to protocols using other commercial or custom-made software.

Conclusion

The proposed method to investigate paraspinal muscle CSA, composition, and side-to-side asymmetry was highly reliable, with excellent agreement between the 2 software programs.
Attitudes, Beliefs, and Knowledge of Prostitution and the Law in Canada
Authors: Morton Heather , Klein Carolin , Gorzalka Boris B.
Published: March 2012

Prostitution in Canada is technically not illegal; however, current laws make the act of buying or selling sex illegal under most circumstances. The legal status of prostitution was recently brought to public attention after three of these laws were deemed unconstitutional by an Ontario Superior Court judge. The present study recruited 238 Canadian undergraduate students to investigate their knowledge of, and attitudes toward, current Canadian prostitution laws. In addition, the relationship between these attitudes and beliefs about prostitution more generally, were examined. The results indicate that while most students have an accurate understanding of the majority of the laws relating to prostitution, they are unaware of situations in which prostitution can take place without breaking the law. Further, students are generally unaware that communicating for the purposes of prostitution in a public place and being found within a bawdy house are illegal. The number of years participants had lived in Canada was found to be a significant predictor of more accurate knowledge of the laws. Gender, ethnicity, and beliefs about aspects of prostitution were significant predictors of attitudes toward the law. Participants perceived female and street prostitution more negatively than male and indoor prostitution. Implications with respect to education and changes to the current legislation and public policy are discussed.
The critical use of narrative and literature in gerontology
Authors: Zeilig Hannah
Published: March 2012

It is now widely accepted that ’’age’’ and ’’ageing’’ are cultural concepts that are open to question. The thinking encouraged by critical gerontology has been crucially important in provoking questions about the complexities of later life, age and ageing. Similarly, the interrogation of stories of age and ageing via narrative approaches and as found in literature are increasingly recognised as an important source of knowledge for mining the intricacies of later life. There are close links between the interests of critical gerontologists and those who engage in narrative and literary gerontology. However, the potential that critical gerontology has for illuminating and probing these stories of age has often been neglected. The central argument of this article is that narrative and literary approaches to age and ageing when allied to perspectives from critical gerontology can furnish scholars with important perspectives for interpreting and re-configuring ’’age’’. The focus is upon how a genuinely dialogic relationship between critical gerontology and narrative and literary gerontology can be forged. In this way, the full potential of these stories of ageing; their epistemological status for enriching theoretical work on ageing, might be better exploited.
Pietro Garibaldi, Joaquim Oliveira Martins and Jan van Ours (eds.) (2010). Ageing, Health, and Productivity: The Economics of Increased Life Expectancy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 288 pp. ISBN 978 0 19 958713 1 (hardback)
Authors: Komp Kathrin
Published: March 2012

Not Available.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is a Critical Step in Tumorgenesis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Fendrich Volker , Maschuw Katja , Waldmann Jens , Buchholz Malte , Rehm Johannes , Gress Thomas M. , Bartsch Detlef K. , König Alexander
Published: March 2012

The transcription factors Snail, Slug and Twist repress E-cadherin and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process exploited by invasive cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the role of EMT in the tumorgenesis of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas (PNETs) in vitro, in vivo and human tumor specimen. Expression of EMT markers was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. For in vitro studies, BON-1 cells were analyzed regarding expression of EMT markers before and after transfection with siRNA against Slug or Snail, and cell aggregation assays were performed. To asses in vivo effects, Rip1Tag2 mice were treated with vehicle or the snail-inhibitor polythlylenglykol from week 5-10 of age. The resected pancreata were evaluated by weight, tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Snail and Twist was expressed in 61 % and 64% of PNETs. This was associated with loss of E-cadherin. RT-PCR revealed conservation of the EMT markers Slug and Snail in BON-1 cells. Transfection with siRNA against Slug was associated with upregulation of E-cadherin, enhanced cell-cell adhesion and inhibition of cell proliferation. Snail-inhibition in vivo by PEG was associated with increased apoptosis, decreased tumor cell proliferation and dramatic reduced tumor volume in Rip1Tag2 mice. The presented data show that EMT plays a key role in tumorgenesis of PNETs. The activation of Snail in a considerable subset of human PNETs and the successful effect of Snail inhibition by PEG in islet cell tumors of transgenic mice provides first evidence of Snail as a drug target in PNETs.
Impact of Climate Change on Children’s Health in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Thompson Adeboyejo Aina , Matamale Lirvhuwani , Kharidza Shonisani Danisa
Published: March 2012

This paper examines the impact of climate change on children’s health, in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Twenty one years climatic data were collected to analyse climatic conditions in the province. The study also employs 12 years hospital records of clinically diagnosed climate-related ailments among children under 13 years to examine the incidence, spatio-temporal, age and sex variations of the diseases. Regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between climatic parameters and incidence of diseases and also to predict distribution of disease by 2050. The results show that the most prevalent diseases were diarrhea (42.4%), followed by respiratory infection (31.3%), asthma (6.6%) and malaria (6.5%). The incidence varied within city, with the high density areas recording the highest proportion (76.7%), followed by the medium (9.4%) and low (2.5%) density residential areas. The most tropical location, Mussina, had the highest incidence of the most prevalent disease, diarrhea, with 59.4%. Mortality rate was higher for males (54.2%). Analysis of 21 years of climatic data show that maximum temperature is positively correlated with years in four cities with r coefficients of 0.50; 0.56, 0.48 and 0.02, thereby indicating local warming. Similarly rainfall decreased over time in all the cities, with r ranging from −0.02 for Bela Bela to r = 0.18 for Makhado. Results of the regression analysis show that 37.9% of disease incidence is accounted for by the combined influence of temperature and rainfall.
Applications of Circular Dichroism for Structural Analysis of Gelatin and Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Gopal Ramamourthy , Park Jin Soon , Seo Chang Ho , Park Yoonkyung
Published: March 2012

Circular dichroism (CD) is a useful technique for monitoring changes in the conformation of antimicrobial peptides or gelatin. In this study, interactions between cationic peptides and gelatin were observed without affecting the triple helical content of the gelatin, which was more strongly affected by anionic surfactant. The peptides did not adopt a secondary structure in the presence of aqueous solution or Tween 80, but a peptide secondary structure formed upon the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The peptides bound to the phosphate group of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and displayed an alpha-helical conformation while (KW)4 adopted a folded conformation. Further, the peptides did not specifically interact with the fungal cell wall components of mannan or laminarin. Tryptophan blue shift assay indicated that these peptides interacted with SDS, LPS, and gelatin but not with Tween 80, mannan, or laminarin. The peptides also displayed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa without cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells at MIC, except for HPA3NT3-analog peptide. In this study, we used a CD spectroscopic method to demonstrate the feasibility of peptide characterization in numerous environments. The CD method can thus be used as a screening method of gelatin-peptide interactions for use in wound healing applications.
Sarcocrassocolides M–O, Bioactive Cembranoids from the Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sarcophyton crassocaule
Authors: Lin Wan-Yu , Lu Yi , Chen Bo-Wei , Huang Chiung-Yao , Su Jui-Hsin , Wen Zhi-Hong , Dai Chang-Feng , Kuo Yao-Haur , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: March 2012

Three new cembranoids, sarcocrassocolides M–O (1–3), have been isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule. The structures of the metabolites were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1–3 were shown to exhibit moderate cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines and display significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by inhibiting the expression of the iNOS protein.
Quorum Sensing and Expression of Virulence in Pectobacteria
Authors: Põllumaa Lee , Alamäe Tiina , Mäe Andres
Published: March 2012

Quorum sensing (QS) is a population density-dependent regulatory mechanism in which gene expression is coupled to the accumulation of a chemical signaling molecule. QS systems are widespread among the plant soft-rotting bacteria. In Pectobacterium carotovorum, at least two QS systems exist being specified by the nature of chemical signals involved. QS in Pectobacterium carotovorum uses N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) based, as well as autoinducer-2 (AI-2) dependent signaling systems. This review will address the importance of the QS in production of virulence factors and interaction of QS with other regulatory systems in Pectobacterium carotovorum.
Simultaneous Source Localization and Polarization Estimation via Non-Orthogonal Joint Diagonalization with Vector-Sensors
Authors: Gong Xiao-Feng , Wang Ke , Lin Qiu-Hua , Liu Zhi-Wen , Xu You-Gen
Published: March 2012

Joint estimation of direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization with electromagnetic vector-sensors (EMVS) is considered in the framework of complex-valued non-orthogonal joint diagonalization (CNJD). Two new CNJD algorithms are presented, which propose to tackle the high dimensional optimization problem in CNJD via a sequence of simple sub-optimization problems, by using LU or LQ decompositions of the target matrices as well as the Jacobi-type scheme. Furthermore, based on the above CNJD algorithms we present a novel strategy to exploit the multi-dimensional structure present in the second-order statistics of EMVS outputs for simultaneous DOA and polarization estimation. Simulations are provided to compare the proposed strategy with existing tensorial or joint diagonalization based methods.
Évolution de la notion de djihad à l'époque almoravide (1039-1147)
Authors: Lagardère Vincent
Published: March 2012

The history of the Almoravids (1039-1147) is little more than an investigation of perceptions of the practice of the Holy War, or jihad, under the auspices of various Andalusian Malikite jurisconsults. The jihad, perceived as a duty to one's community, becomes increasingly, as revealed through 11th and 12th century juridical consultations, administrative documents and treatises on political ethics, a personal obligation drawing together human and financial ressources across the whole country or empire.
J'ai deux amours... Guinglain entre épouse et maîtresse
Authors: Gouttebroze Jean-Guy
Published: March 2012

Two women, both attractive, appear alternately in the life of Guinglain, the protagonist of Li Biaus Descouneüs, the Renaut de Beaujeu's medieval novel. Guinglain has an ardent and carnal love-affair with Blanches-Mains who embodies sensuality and magie power, before he deserts her to marry Blonde Esmerée, a smart representation of the feodal sovereignty and order. For Guinglain, for the writer too, these two characters of women constitute an absolute and irreductible opposition : they are living in two different worlds — a magical dream world, on the one hand, a culture and civilization space, on the other — and, to express this dichotomy, Renaut de Beaujeu divides the celtic representation of sovereignty into two feminine types. Furthermore, as the novel of Renaut is interactive — Renaut asks the woman he loves for the direction and way which Guinglain has to follow after the wedding day — , I think that this opposition between Eros and civilization expressed by the text is a phenomenon which Renaud has intensely felt, either in the reality of his life or in his thoughts about love and society.
RESEARCH ON THE ACCURACY OF ANGLE MEASUREMENT / KAMPŲ MATAVIMO TIKSLUMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Prielaidas Artūras , Lazdinas Rimas
Published: March 2012

Rotary encoders are the main devices in industrial angle measurement. Accuracy is very important and is assured by the technology of manufacture. The main part (rotary disk) is under examination, and therefore a number of its characteristics are established and a comparison with the assembled encoder is presented. In conclusion, an error in the angle of the rotary disk makes a possibility of forecasting an error in the assembled encoder angle.

Santrauka

Nagrinėjamas limbų paklaidų matavimas, jų vertinimas, fotoelektrinių matavimų keitiklių paklaidų matavimas, bandoma nustatyti keitiklio paklaidų priklausomybę nuo limbo paklaidų. Pateikta limbų, keitiklių apžvalga, analizė, pagrindinės schemos. Atlikta limbų ir keitiklių paklaidų aproksimacija parametrinėmis funkcijomis. Apibendrinti visų matavimų rezultatai – kas būdinga paklaidų kreivėms, kokie dydžiai, jų aproksimacijos parametrinėmis funkcijomis rezultatai, formulės, analizė. Atlikti koreliacijos tarp limbo ir matavimo keitiklio paklaidų tyrimai.
METALLOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION INTO THE ALUMINOTHERMIC WELDING OF RAIL JOINT R65 / R65 TIPO BĖGIO TERMITINIO SUVIRINIMO JUNGTIES METALOGRAFINIS TYRIMAS
Authors: Šimonėlytė Aistė , Rudzinskas Vitalijus , Mikaliūnas Šarūnas
Published: March 2012

The article describes inherent defects to aluminothermic welds, the origin of reasons and the ways of avoidance. The paper presents visual surface and fracture testing of rail joint R65 applying the method of aluminothermic welded joints.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami galimi termitiniu būdu suvirintų jungčių defektai, jų atsiradimo priežastys ir nurodomi būdai, kaip jų išvengti. Atlikti R65 tipo bėgių termitiniu būdu suvirintų jungčių vizualiniai paviršiaus ir lūžio tyrimai.
INVESTIGATION INTO THE QUALITY OF UV VARNISHING / LAKAVIMO ULTRAVIOLETINIU LAKU KOKYBĖS TYRIMAI
Authors: Markulytė Simona , Turla Vytautas , Sidaravičius Jonas
Published: March 2012

Varnishing quality and the gloss of lithographic prints on different papers and cardboards were evaluated using expertise rating. It was found that varnishing quality and gloss increase with grammage do not depend on the varnish grade (two grades were tested) and is the same for the paper and cardboard of the same grammage.

Santrauka

Ekspertiniu būdu ištirta ofsetinių atspaudų ant įvairių popieriaus ir kartono rūšių lakavimo ultravioletiniu (toliau – UV) laku bendroji kokybė ir blizgumas. Nustatyta, kad lakavimo kokybė ir blizgumas gerėja didėjant popieriaus gramatūrai, lakavimo kokybė nepriklauso nuo lako rūšies (tirtos dvi rūšys) ir tos pačios gramatūros popieriaus ir kartono yra vienoda.
AN INCREASE IN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING INNOVATION PRACTICES / KONKURENCINGUMO DIDINIMAS ORTOPEDIJOS PRAMONĖS ĮMONĖSE PLĖTOJANT INOVACINĘ VEIKLĄ
Authors: Slavinskas Paulius , Toločka Eligijus , Zabielavičienė Irena
Published: March 2012

The article presents research on increasing competitiveness based on the development of innovative activity in the medium-sized enterprises of orthopaedic industry. The paper analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of improving competitiveness and innovation development on the basis of which a model for increasing competitiveness using innovative products in orthopaedic industry has been formed and proposed. The article also describes the components of the proposed model and assesses the possibility of applying it in practice.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje pateikiami konkurencingumo didinimo, plėtojant inovacinę veiklą, tyrimai vidutinio dydžio ortopedijos pramonės įmonėse. Išanalizuoti teoriniai ir praktiniai konkurencingumo didinimo ir inovacinės veiklos plėtros aspektai, kurių pagrindu suformuotas ir pasiūlytas konkurencingumo didinimo ortopedijos pramonės įmonėse naudojant inovatyvius produktus modelis. Straipsnyje aprašytos pasiūlyto modelio sudedamosios dalys ir įvertintos jo pritaikymo praktikoje galimybės.
RESEARCH INTO THERMAL SPRAYED COATINGS WITH ULTRASONIC METHODS / TERMIŠKAI PURKŠTŲ DANGŲ TYRIMAS ULTRAGARSINIAIS METODAIS
Authors: Gargasas Justinas , Gedzevičius Irmantas , Nagurnas Saulius
Published: March 2012

Research on thermal sprayed coatings with ultrasonic methods is the main object of this thesis. Metal surface coating was applied to modify its mechanical and physical-chemical properties and resistance to external impact and improve aesthetics. Spraying was carried out by scanning the rotating sample of 30 cm/s speed. Surface microstructure, ultrasonic thickness, porosity, micro hardness and surface modulus tests performed. Conclusions were formulated.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje pateikiami elektrolankiniu terminio purškimo būdu užpurkštų dangų tyrimai taikant ultragarsinius tyrimų metodus. Purkšta skenuojant besisukančius bandinius 30 cm/s greičiu. Atlikti dangos mikrostruktūros, ultragarsiniai storio, porėtumo, mikrokietumo ir dangos tamprumo modulio tyrimai.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF A PRECISE DUAL AXIS POSITIONING SYSTEM / DVIEJŲ AŠIŲ PRECIZINIO POZICIONAVIMO SISTEMOS SKAITINIS MODELIAVIMAS
Authors: Augustinavičius Giedrius , Čereška Audrius
Published: March 2012

This paper presents a model of a precise dual axis flexure-based positioning system for micro-positioning uses. The positioning system is featured with monolithic architecture, flexure-based joints and ultra fine adjustment screws. Its workspace has been evaluated via analytical approaches. Reduction mechanism is optimally designed. The mathematical model of the positioning system has been derived and verified by resorting to finite element analysis (FEA). The established analytical and (FEA) models are helpful for reliable architecture optimization and performance improvement in the positioning system.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje pristatomas dviejų ašių precizinio pozicionavimo sistemos su tampriaisiais elementais modeliavimas. Pozicionavimo sistemą sudaro monolitinė struktūra ir sraigtinės poros. Matematinis modelis sudarytas platformų poslinkiams apskaičiuoti. Pasiūlyta modeliavimo metodika gali būti taikoma kuriant pozicionavimo sistemas su tampriaisiais elementais.
OPTICAL COATINGS FORMED BY GRADIENT REFRACTIVE INDEX MATERIALS / METALŲ OKSIDŲ IR JŲ MIŠINIŲ PANAUDOJIMAS KINTAMO LŪŽIO RODIKLIO OPTINĖMS DANGOMS FORMUOTI
Authors: Juškevičius Kęstutis , Kičas Simonas , Tolenis Tomas , Buzelis Rytis , Drazdys Ramutis
Published: March 2012

Recent advances in ion beam sputtering technology enabled efficient deposition of different oxide mixture coatings. In the present investigation, coating materials ZrO2and SiO2 were utilized for the synthesis of different mixtures. The goal of the conducted investigation was to explore the potential of ZrO2/SiO2 mixtures, especially for applications in the range of the UV spectral. Deposited dielectric mirrors having classical quarter-wave and “rised” design with ZrO2/SiO2 mixture for 266 nm and 355 nm showed good resistance to laser radiation.
We also investigated the “fatigue” behavior of LIDT’s in LBO crystals with single, dual and triple wavelength anti-reflective coatings (AR@355, AR@532+1064 and AR@355+532+1064) in order to optimize design and layer materials. The influence of gradient refractive index profiles on damage resistance is of a special interest. We selected a few designs of antireflective coatings which demonstrated the best resistance to laser radiation.
An experimental study on rugate filter coatings showed the need for a more accurate characterization of optical properties of metal oxides and their corresponding mixtures.

Santrauka

Šiame darbe tiriamas jonapluoščio dulkinimo technologija dengtų ZrO2/SiO2 ir jų mišinių optinių savybių pritaikymas kintamo lūžio rodiklio (Rugate tipo) optinėms interferencinėms dangoms formuoti. Mišiniuose naudojant mažą ZrO2 frakciją, buvo išplėstas šios medžiagos pritaikymas UV srityje. Remiantis gautais rezultatais, suformuotos didelio atspindžio (HR) ir skaidrinančios (AR) dangos esant λ = 355 nm bangos ilgio spinduliuotei, taip pat teoriškai sumodeliuotos ir suformuotos daugiabangio skaidrinimo (AR@ 355+532+ 064) Rugate tipo dangos ant LBO (LiB3O5) netiesinių kristalų. Palygintos šių dangų optinės savybės su tomis dangomis, kuriose panaudoti gryni metalo oksidai (fiksuoto lūžio rodiklio). Atliktas Rugate tipo dangų, pasižyminčių siaura didelio (R > 99,9 %) atspindžio zona ties 532 nm ir pralaidumu likusioje spektro dalyje, teorinis modeliavimas ir eksperimentinis garinimas.
EFFECTS OF THERMODYNAMICAL PROCESSES ON RADIOCESIUM BEHAVIOR IN LAKE TAPELIAI / TERMODINAMINIŲ PROCESŲ ĮTAKA RADIOCEZIO ELGSENAI TAPELIŲ EŽERE
Authors: Moisejenkova Anastasija , Girgždys Aloyzas , Tarasiuk Nikolaj
Published: March 2012

The article presents the results of the integrated study of radiocesium behavior in Lake Tapeliai using not only conventional data on radiocesium activity concentrations in lake water and sediments but also a complex data set on seasonal variations and vertical profiles of standard water variables. Radiocesium activity concentrations in lake water as well as the vertical structure of the water column considerably depend on the inflows of the colored waters from the swampy watershed of the lake enriched in radiocesium. The global fallouts are mainly responsible for radiocesium inventory in lake sediments, which reaches maximum in the upper part of the water column above the ~5.4-m depth. The maximum values of radiocesium inventories in lake sediments are consistent with the respective densities of its deposits in the nearest forest soils. The main process of sediment activation is the direct sorption of radiocesium onto the sediment surface. Sedimentation rates in the lake vary mainly in the range of 3.5–5 mm·a–1. Lake bottom feeding sources located mainly on the southern terrace as well as their related near-bottom flows reduce respective sedimentation and radiocesium inventories in the sediments.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama radiocezio elgsena Tapelių ežere, naudojant ne tik radiocezio savitojo ir tūrinio aktyvumų duomenis, bet ir standartinius vertikaliuosius parametrus, tokius kaip temperatūra, elektros laidumai ir oksiduoto sluoksnio storis. Radiocezio aktyvumas ežero vandenyje priklauso nuo spalvoto pelkinio vandens, kuriame yra radiocezio, patekimo į ežerą. Radiocezio apkrova dugno nuosėdose yra didžiausia viršutinėje ežero dalyje, t. y. iki 5,4 m gylio. Sedimentacijos greitis svyruoja 3,5–5 mm·m–1. Ežero priedugniniai vandens šaltiniai daugiausia išsidėstę pietinėje ežero terasoje, jų srovės sumažina sedimentaciją ir radiocezio apkrovą dugno nuosėdose.
INVESTIGATION INTO SUPERCONDUCTING Y-BA-CU-O FILMS CONTAINING REGIONS OF WEAK SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND BIASED AT I >> IC / STIPRIOS I >> IC ELEKTROS SROVĖS TANKIO PASISKIRSTYMAS PLONUOSE Y-BA-CU-O SLUOKSNIUOSE, TURINČIUOSE SILPNOJO SUPERLAIDUMO SRITIS
Authors: Šulcas Jonas , Jukna Artūras
Published: March 2012

Current distribution in YBa2Cu3O7-x superconducting thin film micro-bridges containing laser–written -shaped channel for easy vortex motion have been investigated in a narrow range of temperatures ranging from 85.7 to 90.2 K, which are below the critical temperature Tc of the material. In the range of the before mentioned temperatures the current-self magnetic field produced, Abrikosov magnetic vortices/anti-vortices appear in the partially deoxygenated (x ~ 0.2) channel and move coherently identifying itself as Josephson–like voltage “steps” in nonlinear current–voltage dependences. Bias current creates Lorentz force FL, pushing vortices along the LW-channel from its edges towards the centre. As follows from current-voltage dependences, vortices start moving at I = Ic. This current already satisfies condition FL >> Fp (where Fp – is pinning force in the film). Our results confirm that coherent vortex motion in the channel holds even at high biasing current when I ~ 200Ic. However, at these biasing currents, the width of voltage steps appears to be shorter than at lower current. This phenomenon has been explained by means of the onset of additional vortex motion in the laser untreated regions of the superconducting device. These regions are located in between the Π-shaped channel for easy vortex motion. Our results also demonstrate the possibility of investigating the electric properties of the mixed state superconductor by means of current dissipation due to the onset of coherent vortex motion.

Santrauka

Nagrinėjamas elektros srovės pasiskirstymas YBa2Cu3O7-x superlaidininko plonuose sluoksniuose, kuriuose lazerio spinduliu suformuoti Π formos sūkurių kanalai. Superlaidžiajame darinyje atsiradus sūkurių kanalui, srovės tankis lokaliose darinio vietose gali skirtis 5 ir daugiau kartų, priklausomai nuo kanalo geometrijos. Darbe eksperimentiškai nustatyta, kad Abrikosovo magnetinių sūkurių koherentinis judėjimas sūkurių kanale siaurame temperatūrų ruože nuo 85,1 K iki 90,2 K prasideda superlaidžiuoju dariniu tekant I ~ Ic ir išlieka iki ypač stiprių srovių I > 200I1st step. Čia I1st step – srovės stipris, kuriam esant sūkurių kanale vyksta koherentinis sūkurių judėjimas, o Ic – kritinė superlaidininko srovė. Koherentinis sūkurių judėjimas kanalo srityje eksperimentuose pasireiškia darinių voltamperinėse charakteristikose elektros įtampos „laipteliais“, kurių aukštis beveik nepriklauso nuo dariniu tekančios srovės stiprio. Eksperimentiniai rezultatai paaiškinti koherentinio sūkurių judėjimo ypatumais Π formos sūkurių kanalu.
COHERENT VORTEX MOTION IN YBA2CU3O7-Z SUPERCONDUCTING THIN FILMS CONTAINING Π-SHAPED CHANNEL FOR EASY VORTEX MOTION BIASED AT I ~ IC / MAGNETINIŲ SŪKURIŲ KOHERENTINIO JUDĖJIMO YBA2CU3O7-X SUPERLAIDŽIUOSIUOSE PLONUOSIUOSE SLUOKSNIUOSE SU LAZERIU SUFORMUOTU
Authors: Steponavičienė Lina , Jukna Artūras
Published: March 2012

The current vs. voltage dependences of YBa2Cu3O7-x superconducting microbridges containing laser–written (LW) -shaped channel for easy vortex motion have been investigated in a narrow range of temperatures ranging from 87.3 to 88.6 K that are still below the critical temperature Tc of the material. In the range of the before mentioned temperatures the current-self magnetic field produced, Abrikosov magnetic vortices/anti-vortices appear in the partially deoxygenated (x ~ 0.2) channel and move coherently identifying itself as Josephson–like voltage “steps” in nonlinear current–voltage dependences. Bias current creates Lorentz force FL, pushing vortices along the LW-channel from its edges towards the centre. As follows from current-voltage dependences, vortices start moving at I = Ic. This current satisfies condition FL >> Fp (where Fp – is pinning force in the film). Our results confirm that oxygen vacancies in the channel area decrease the pinning force of screw-dislocations and make the channel of uniform pinning. Then, even at I = Ic, Abrikosov magnetic vortices create a spontaneous channel in the deoxygenated channel of the superconducting microbridge and start moving coherently. Santrauka Darbe nagrinėjami silpnai tarpusavyje sąveikaujančių Abrikosovo magnetinių sūkurių judėjimo ypatumai 0,3 mm storio, 100 mm ilgio ir 50 mm pločio YBa2Cu3O7–xsuperlaidžiuosiuose dariniuose, turinčiuose iš dalies deguonimi nuskurdintą Π formos Abrikosovo magnetinių sūkurių kanalą. Sūkurių kanalas superlaidžiajame darinyje sudarytas sufokusuotu į 5 mm skersmens dėmę lazerio spinduliu. Šviesos poveikiu modifikuotame superlaidžiojo darinio kanale (x < 0,2) atsirado papildomi sūkurių prieraišos centrai (deguonies vakansijos), kurių kuriama sūkurių prieraišos jėga Fp sumažino stiprių prieraišos centrų kuriamą prieraišos jėgą ir sukūrė palankias sąlygas Abrikosovo magnetinių sūkurių judėjimui, dariniu tekant srovei, kurios tankis keliomis eilėmis mažesnis už šviesa nemodifikuoto superlaidininko dalies kritinį srovės tankį. Atliktų tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad koherentinis Abrikosovo magnetinių sūkurių judėjimas superlaidininke, eksperimentuose pasireiškiantis įtampos laipteliais voltamperinėje darinio charakteristikoje, gali atsirasti esant FL >> Fp netgi tuomet, kai sūkurių kanalas nėra visiškai užpildytas Abrikosovo magnetiniais sūkuriais, dėl ko sūkuriai silpnai sąveikauja tarpusavyje.
Epistemologías, oligarquías y escrituras en crisis. Del racialismo al culturalismo en el ensayo latinoamericano de los años treinta
Authors: Mailhe Alejandra
Published: March 2012

Este trabajo comparativo analiza los ensayos producidos en Brasil y en el Caribe en torno a los años treinta, centrándose en las operaciones llevadas a cabo por los intelectuales para apropiarse de las culturas populares. Considera tres textos relevantes y casi no explorados en términos comparativos: Ainsi parla l’oncle del haitiano Jean Price-Mars (1928), Casa-grande e senzala del brasileño Gilberto Freyre (1933), y Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar del cubano Fernando Ortiz (1940). En particular, esos discursos son analizados a partir de las nuevas significaciones asignadas a la herencia afroamericana y de las interacciones que establecen con la vanguardia estética, para romper en conjunto con los determinismos heredados de la etapa anterior
¿Crisis o transición? Caracterizaciones intelectuales. Del dualismo argentino en la apertura democrática
Authors: Visacovsky Sergio E , Guber Rosana
Published: March 2012

Este trabajo presenta un análisis de la organización conceptual del modelo de “transición a la democracia” mediante el cual un amplio sector de científicos sociales conceptualizó la crisis de la última dictadura militar en la Argentina en 1982, e interpretaron su advenimiento y desenlace, para guiar a la sociedad hacia su definitiva democratización. Este modelo estaba sustentado en nociones y estructuras conceptuales producidas y empleadas en la sociedad argentina para describir e interpretar el proceso político. La noción de “crisis” revirtió en una aplicación del modelo de transición a la democracia que, aún cuando se propuso como un marco interpretativo volcado a la inauguración de una nueva era y a la superación definitiva de las interrupciones democráticas, conllevó una perspectiva sobre el pasado político y, en especial, sobre las causas del “autoritarismo”, que se forjó dentro de los moldes clásicos del pensamiento argentino.
El nacionalismo argentino en los años de plomo: la revista Cabildo y el proceso de reorganización nacional (1976-1983)
Authors: Saborido Jorge
Published: March 2012

El trabajo propone una revisión del pensamiento y el accionar del nacionalismo católico en la República Argentina durante la última dictadura militar, el autodenominado Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, a través de su principal órgano de prensa, la revista Cabildo. En él se analizan las circunstancias que llevaron inicialmente a un apoyo condicionado a la gestión de las Fuerzas Armadas, que se fue transformando en una crítica cada vez más dura, en tanto los militares en el poder no se mostraron dispuestos a poner en marcha la “revolución nacional” que se impulsaba desde la revista. Asimismo, se muestra cómo la ocupación de las islas Malvinas —una de las principales reivindicaciones de los nacionalistas— dio lugar a un corto período de acercamiento, que concluyó con la derrota en la guerra del Atlántico Sur.
Las otras rebeliones: cultura popular e independencias
Authors: Glave Luis Miguel
Published: March 2012

Este artículo comenta los avances historiográficos sobre la participación popular en la independencia mexicana y la cultura política de la época. Toma como punto de partida los aportes de Eric Van Young en su libro The Other Rebellion y el debate que se abrió a partir de su publicación. Discute, además, la aceptación o no de un “giro cultural” en los estudios históricos sobre América Latina y compara el proceso político mexicano con el de los Andes a partir de los aportes más recientes al respecto. Postula, por último, la necesidad de explorar el mundo simbólico y cultural de los indios y la plebe que participa en las movilizaciones políticas y militares, en tantas “otras rebeliones” producto de un momento de cambio y crisis general en la sociedad colonial.
Las catástrofes naturales como instrumento de observación social: el caso del terremoto de Lima en 1746
Authors: Pérez-Mallaína Pablo E.
Published: March 2012

El presente trabajo se ocupa de estudiar el gran terremoto que destruyó Lima y asoló su puerto de El Callao en 1746. Fue el movimiento sísmico más destructivo que soportó la capital del Perú durante la época colonial y originó una profunda y dramática crisis. El temblor no sólo produjo un gran número de víctimas y considerables daños materiales, sino que también provocó numerosas confrontaciones entre los vecinos. Nuestro propósito es utilizar la catástrofe natural como un instrumento de observación social, lo cual nos permitirá vislumbrar las peculiaridades, los prejuicios, los intereses y las creencias de una gran ciudad de la América española durante el siglo XVIII.
Los traslados de ciudades en América: autorretrato de una sociedad en crisis
Authors: Musset Alain
Published: March 2012

Entre el principio del siglo XVI y el final de la época colonial, varias decenas de ciudades fundadas en América por los conquistadores españoles se cambiaron de lugar. Las causas de estos traslados variaban y podían combinarse: clima malsano, desastres naturales, ataques de indios o piratas, cambios de eje económico... El análisis de este momento de crisis aguda valoriza las contradicciones internas de la sociedad colonial ya que la decisión de la mudanza no era siempre fácil de tomar, sobre todo cuando la ciudad había tenido tiempo de desarrollarse y de arraigarse en su territorio. Mientras que los distintos grupos de presión se enfrentaban para obtener su desplazamiento o para mantenerse en el sitio antiguo, las solidaridades de fachada se borraban ante las profundas grietas que cruzaban a una sociedad urbana desestabilizada y en búsqueda de una nueva legitimidad política. Incluso se iba a poner en tela de juicio el papel jugado por el Rey, y el concepto polisémico de Patria comenzaba a tomar un nuevo sentido para los criollos que se consideraban perjudicados por los representantes de la Corona.
La lucha por el poder en una agrupación indígena: el efímero apogeo de los boroganos en las pampas (primera mitad del siglo XIX)
Authors: Ratto Silvia
Published: March 2012

A mediados de la década de 1830, la agrupación borogana asentada en Salinas Grandes transitaba por un doble proceso de división interna y de unión con grupos llamados “ranqueles” que no llegaron a producir la aparición de un nuevo grupo identitario. La imposibilidad por cristalizar estas nuevas relaciones en la formación de una nueva agrupación se debieron, por un lado, a la constante presión del entonces comandante general de campaña Juan Manuel de Rosas para evitarlo y, por otro lado, debido a los conflictos en torno al poder que surgieron dentro de la dirigencia borogana. Dotada inicialmente de una jefatura plural se produciría una puja por el mando donde uno de los principales caciques, aprovechándose de un contacto más directo con el poder estatal, buscó encaramarse en el poder, estrategia que no fue aceptada por el resto de la agrupación provocando una crisis profunda en el interior de la misma.