bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catatonia
Authors: Carroll Brendan , Black Donald W. , Appiani Francisco , Wilson Jo Ellen , Miesle Rebecca
Published: January 2021

Catatonia is a syndrome, not a discrete illness, and was first recognized by Kahlbaum in the 19th century. Catatonia is underdiagnosed and often goes unrecognized despite its clinical significance and treatment implications. The syndrome’s motor symptoms include muteness, rigidity, and stupor. Catatonia has been associated with various psychiatric, medical, and neurologic disorders and is no longer only considered a subtype of schizophrenia. There is no known etiology, but its rapid improvement with benzodiazepines suggests that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is involved. Patients displaying catatonic symptoms should have a comprehensive evaluation to rule out medical and neurologic causes and to assess hydration and nutritional status. Patients can have significant nursing care needs, and some might need tube feedings. Benzodiazepines are the first-line treatment, with electroconvulsive therapy reserved for those who fail to respond or have an inadequate response to benzodiazepines. Psychiatrists and other clinicians should understand the diagnosis and treatment of catatonia.
This review contains 4 tables and 52 references
Key words: bipolar disorder, catatonia, delirium, GABA, glutamate, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia
Surgical Management of Genitourinary Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Abdelhalim Ahmed , Wang Zhan Tao (Peter) , Khoury Antoine E
Published: January 2021

The past few decades have witnessed unprecedented advances in the management of genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma. The introduction of combination chemotherapy and adoption of multi-disciplinary approach in 1960s have resulted in dramatic improvement in the survival. Upfront radical surgery has been largely replaced with more conservative procedures resulting in less morbidity and improved function while maintaining survival. The discovery and incorporation of oncogenic-fusion proteins in rhabdomyosarcoma risk-stratification was another leap towards better outcomes.  Besides local control, surgery is crucial for risk-stratification, relief of urinary tract obstruction and reconstruction of urogential tract. Incomplete tumor resection has been associated with unfavorable outcome. Herein, we describe the evolution of role of surgery in the management of genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma. Further, basics of surgical management are reviewed and areas of potential controversy are addressed.

This review contains 11 figures, 5 tables, and 51 references.
Keywords: rhabdomyosarcoma, children, bladder, prostate, multidisciplinary treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, cystectomy, survival, outcome, urinary diversion, fertility.
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Cystinuria
Authors: Britt Jacob , Saidian Ava , Whitaker Dustin , Boyd Carter , Wood Kyle , Assimos Dean G
Published: January 2021

Cystinuria is a relatively rare autosomal recessive disorder that manifests early in life and is associated with the development of kidney stones composed of cystine. It is due to mutations in two genes that are involved in the transport of cystine, neutral, and dibasic amino acids in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Patients are at risk for developing chronic kidney disease. Diagnosis is typically established with stone analysis and quantitative urinary cystine excretion. These patients may form extremely large stones requiring percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Stone-prevention strategies include dietary modifications (increased fluid intake and limitation of sodium and animal protein consumption), urine pH manipulation, and thiol-binding agents. These patients should be followed closely, and preemptive stone removal with ureteroscopy should be considered to limit the necessity for more invasive procedures.
 
This review contains 2 figures and 38 references.
Key Words: a-mercaptopropionyl glycine, amino acid transport, chronic kidney disease, cystinuria, SLC3A1, SLC7A9, thiol-binding agent, urinary pH manipulation
Transplant Immunology: Basic Immunology and Clinical Practice
Authors: Lee Lung-Yi , Foley David P
Published: January 2021

Engraftment of a transplanted organ into an allogeneic host triggers a cascade of immunologic responses in the host that are designed to facilitate graft rejection. Modern donor-to-host matching techniques and immunosuppression protocols have successfully tempered this natural immune response so that graft survival has dramatically improved. However, optimizing graft survival by precisely downregulating the host response to graft rejection while preserving host immune defenses against pathologic and infectious agents remains poorly understood and elusive in current clinical practice. This review discusses transplant immunology with respect to host versus graft and the basis of allorecognition, as well as clinical management of the transplanted allograft. Figures show human leukocyte antigen (HLA), direct allorecognition, T cell receptor and CD3, T cell–associated second messenger signaling pathway, CD8 molecules directly ligating class I HLAs and CD4 molecules directly binding HLA class II, detection of alloantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or flow cytometry, recipient-donor crossmatch, histopathology of kidney allograft with antibody-mediated rejection, and an algorithm for assessment and management of renal allograft rejection. 
This review contains 9 figures, 6 tables and 61 references.
Keywords: Transplantation, immunology, human leukocyte antigen, crossmatch, donor, acute rejection, chronic rejection
Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Rockman Caron B. , Sadek Mikel
Published: January 2021

Aneurysms of the extracranial portion of the carotid artery (CAAs) are an uncommon but important clinical entity. If untreated, they can lead to severe neurologic sequelae, including stroke from embolization of the aneurysm contents or even death from aneurysm rupture. Once diagnosed, decisions regarding their appropriate management can be complex due to the rarity of the condition, the multiple etiologies and anatomic configurations, and the variety of choices with regard to either open vascular surgical or endovascular repair techniques. This review defines the disease and covers the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and outcome and complications of treatment of CAAs. Tables draw on the literature to showcase demographic information of patients undergoing surgery for CAAs, types of CAAs and prevalence of preoperative neurologic symptoms, types of surgical reconstruction performed for CAAs and perioperative outcomes, and long-term outcome following CAA surgery. Examples of endovascular techniques that may be use for treating CAAs are also provided. Figures show a pulsatile neck mass, a large CAA on physical examination, magnetic resonance angiography of CAA, the intraoperative appearance of CAA, and a morphologic classification system.
This review contains 5 figures, 5 tables, and 57 references.
Effort Thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter Syndrome)
Authors: Huang Zhen S. , Schneider Darren B.
Published: January 2021

Effort thrombosis, also known as Paget-Schroetter Syndrome and venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS), refers to primary thrombosis of the subclavian-axillary vein at the costoclavicular space. Most patients present after experiencing axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis, and the thrombosis often results from vigorous athletic activities requiring repetitive arm and shoulder motions (e.g., weight lifting, swimming)as well as occupations that require repetitive motions with elevated upper extremities  This review covers effort thrombosis in detail, examining its clinical and diagnostic evaluations, treatment, operative and postoperative management, and complications. An algorithm details the approach to the patient with effort thrombosis. Figures include the anatomy of the costoclavicur space, B-mode and duplex color-flow imaging of the proximal left subclavian vein, crossed occlusive thrombus, anatomic landmarks for planning infraclavicular approach incision, rib resection, venoplasty  with an 8 × 40 mm balloon, completion venogram postvenoplasty, the supraclavicular approach  using a self-retaining  retractor system, post resection of the anterior scalene muscle, and post left first rib decompression chest x-ray. Tables list common clinical findings in VTOS, less frequent clinical findings in VTOS, and postoperative complications.
This review contains 15 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 40 references.
Open Procedures for Renovascular Disease
Authors: Godshall Christopher J. , Ghanami Racheed J. , Hansen Kimberley J
Published: January 2021

The open procedures most commonly performed to treat renovascular disease are aortorenal bypass, renal artery thromboendarterectomy, and renal artery reimplantation. This review discusses preoperative evaluation, operative planning, and the operative technique of the aforementioned procedures. In addition, outcome evaluation is described, including hypertension response, renal function response, and the relationship of these to dialysis-free survival. A table provides the recommended principles for contemporary surgical management of renovascular disease. Figures show various types of bypass procedures. This review contains 10 references plus additional sources of recommended reading.
Thirty-year Trends in Complications in U.S. Adults With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fang Michael , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the prevalence of and
trends in complications among US adults with newly diagnosed diabetes.

Research design
and methods: We
included 1,486 nonpregnant adults (aged≥20
years) with newly diagnosed diabetes (diagnosed within the past 2 years)
from the 1988-1994 and 1999-2018
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We estimated trends in albuminuria
(albumin-to-creatinine ratio≥30 mg/g), reduced estimated glomerular filtration
rate (eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2), retinopathy (any retinal microaneurysms
or blot hemorrhages), and self-reported cardiovascular disease (history of
congestive heart failure, heart attack, or stroke).

Results: From 1988-1994
to 2011-2018, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of albuminuria
(38.9 to 18.7%, p-for-trend<0.001), but no change in the prevalence of
reduced eGFR (7.5 to 9.9%, p-for-trend=0.30), retinopathy (1988-1994 to
1999-2008 only; 13.2 to 12.1%, p-for-trend=0.86), or self-reported
cardiovascular disease (19.0 to 16.5%, p-for-trend=0.64). There were
improvements in glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control in the population,
and these partially explained the decline in albuminuria. Complications were
more common at the time of diabetes diagnosis for adults who were older, lower
income, less educated, and obese.

Conclusion: Over the past three decades, there
have been encouraging reductions in albuminuria and risk factor control in
adults with newly diagnosed diabetes. However, the overall burden of
complications around the time of diagnosis remains high.
Productivity Benefits of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Australia: A 10-Year Analysis
Authors: Menon Kirthi , Courten Barbora de , Liew Danny , Ademi Zanfina , Owen Alice J , Magliano Dianna J , Zomer Ella
Published: January 2021

Objective:
Diabetes imposes a heavy burden on both health and productivity. In this study,
we sought to estimate the potential productivity gains associated with the prevention
of type 2 diabetes over the next ten years in Australia.

Methods:
Dynamic life table models were constructed to estimate years of life lived and
productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lived by Australians aged 20 to 69
years over the period from 2020 to 2029. The models distinguished people with
and without type 2 diabetes. PALYs were ascribed a financial value equivalent
to gross domestic product (GDP) per full time worker in Australia
(approximately AUD $200,000). The model simulation was first undertaken
assuming currently-expected trends in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, and
then repeated assuming hypothetically that the incidence was reduced. The
difference between the modelled outputs reflected the impact of new cases of type
2 diabetes on productivity, as well as the potential benefits of prevention. An
annual 5% discount rate was applied to all outcomes.

Results: Over
the next decade, 140 million years of life and 87 million PALYs will be lived
by Australians of working age, contributing AUD$18.0 trillion to the country’s
GDP. A 10% reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes would result in a gain
of 2,510 PALYs and AUD$532 million in GDP.

Conclusion: This
study illustrates the health and economic impact of type 2 diabetes and the
gains that could be potentially achieved from the implementation of effective
prevention strategies. However, cost-effective evaluation of these prevention
strategies are needed.
Visa Fraud in the Commercial Sex Market in the United States: An Overview
Authors:   Dale Consulting, Dale Youngbee
Published: January 2021

This paper describes various fraudulent visas used by criminals operating in the U.S. sex market. Studies show that many foreign women exploited through commercial sex rely on visa brokers to enter the U.S. However, scholars have not investigated various visa brokers and the techniques they use to bring foreign women into U.S. prostitution as a whole. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of the different types of fraudulent visas and criminal techniques used in the U.S. sex market. In doing so, this paper relies on both primary and secondary sources, such as interviews with both survivors and U.S. government officials, scholarly articles, NGO reports, U.S. legal cases, press releases, online forums, news reports, and blogs written in English, Russian, Korean, and Chinese. This paper then discusses the current issues with combating visa fraud in the U.S. sex market and provides recommendations to fight the problem more effectively.
Naturaleza jurídica y efectos de las consultas públicas
Authors: Gutiérrez Ocegueda Gelacio Juan Ramón
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se refieren las bases fundamentales de los derechos humanos, así como el sustento de la democracia y de las consultas públicas en el contexto mexicano para abordar los marcos teóricos y conceptuales concernientes a tópicos propios de los derechos humanos, democracia y consultas públicas. El objetivo fue para transitar hacia el estudio particular de la regulación normativa de las consultas públicas en el estado mexicano para afrontar ulteriormente un análisis comparativo que en el ámbito de las consultas públicas han experimentado diversos países. Para ello, se han aplicado los métodos sintético, analítico y dialéctico con el fin de determinar si las consultas públicas lograrán acercar el derecho humano de la democracia a toda la sociedad. Como conclusión se puede indicar que el sistema jurídico mexicano no cuenta con una adecuada regulación normativa para dichas consultas, por lo que se puede afirmar que debido a un ínfimo grado de eficacia y eficiencia, no es factible garantizarles un alentador porvenir.
Violencia de género ante el confinamiento e intervención policial por causa de la covid-19 en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua
Authors: Rojas Gonzalez Erika Patricia
Published: January 2021

La violencia de género ha aumentado en el mundo en los últimos meses. En México, durante este periodo de aislamiento y de quedarse en casa ante la pandemia del coronavirus, las mujeres corren mayor riesgo de sufrir violencia familiar. En otras palabras, se encuentran en una situación todavía más vulnerable durante esta emergencia sanitaria. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el impacto del confinamiento por la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 en la dinámica de las familias en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. El enfoque es de carácter documental, por lo que se procedió a la indagación, recolección, organización, análisis e interpretación de información o datos en torno a la violencia contra la mujer en periódicos y bases de datos oficiales. Como parte de los resultados, se encontró que las denuncias por violencia familiar aumentaron cerca de 30 % durante los primeros meses de pandemia. A pesar de este incremento, sin embargo, los diferentes niveles de Gobierno no han tenido una estrategia clara para atenderla.
Habitat Preference and Abundance of Mole Crab Based on Sea Tides in Coastal Area of Kebumen Regency
Authors: Desi Tri
Published: January 2021

Mole crab is an important resource in the food chain cycle and an initial level consumers in sandy areas. Mole crab lives in the swash zone that is affected by sea tides. Comparison of habitat and abundance of each station based on tides in terms of the type of utilization of the study location. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance at high tide and low tide, species, and habitat preferences of mole crab, also to determine the relationship between their habitat preferences and their abundance. The method used in this study was descriptive exploratory and uses purposive random sampling technique. Abundance data collection was done by using a 10 x 10meter transect quadrant at two spring tides and two neap tides in the swash zone area. The results showed that the abundance of mole crab at high tide was 214 - 239 ind/100m2 and at low tide was 378 - 509 ind/100m2. There are three types of mole crab that has been found, Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla and Albunea symmysta. Favored habitat of mole crab in coast area of Kebumen Regency has a flat to sloping beach, wide swash zone at high tide 14.5 - 24.5m, and at low tide is 20 - 32.5m, medium sized beach sand (0.25-0.5mm), and has low organic material values. The results of the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis that the sediment grain size and the width of the swash zone have a positive correlation with the abundance of mole crab.
Korkeakoulutetut kotoutujat suomen kielen käyttäjinä (tulossa)
Authors: Scotson Mia
Published: January 2021

Mia Scotsonin soveltavan kielitieteen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Jyväskylän yliopistossa 12. syyskuuta 2020. Vastaväittäjänä toimi apulaisprofessori Johanna Vaattovaara Tampereen yliopistosta ja kustoksena yliopistotutkija Heidi Vaarala. 

Mia Scotson: Korkeakoulutetut kotoutujat suomen kielen käyttäjänä. Toimijuus, tunteet ja käsitykset. JYU Dissertations 271. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto 2020. Väitöskirja on luettavissa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8259-1
Uusia näkökulmia kielenoppimisen laajoihin mahdollisuuksiin
Authors: Rantala Katriina
Published: January 2021

Arvioitu teos:

Lari Kotilainen, Salla Kurhila ja Jyrki Kalliokoski (toim.): Kielenoppiminen luokan ulkopuolella. Tietolipas 262. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura 2019. 360 s. isbn 978-951-858-127-0.
Obstacles in Developing University, Government and Industry Links
Authors: Mali Franc
Published: January 2021

No abstract
Commodifying Usenet and the Usenet Archive or Continuing the Online Cooperative Usenet Culture?
Authors: Hauben Ronda
Published: January 2021

This article explores the conflict between the cooperative online culture of users who have created Usenet and the corporate commodification of Usenet posts by companies archiving the posts. The clash of decision-making processes is presented through the details of how Usenet users choose to petition a company to provide protection for the public archives it had collected. The company disregarded the petition and the archives were sold to another company. The new company has begun to put its own copyright symbol on the posts in its archives. How will such a commodification affect the cooperative nature of Usenet itself and the continuing vitality of Usenet’s cooperative culture? The article explores this culture clash and considers possible consequences.
What Internet Use Does and Does Not Change in Scientific Communities
Authors: Gläser Jochen
Published: January 2021

This article examines the supposedly new social phenomena produced by internet use in the scientific community that has been discussed in the literature and tackles the question of which social structures and practices are actually changing. This serves as a background against which to assess new phenomena. Since the internet’s main impact obviously concerns the transmission of data and information, a theoretical perspective on the way scientific communities produce knowledge and on the role of communication in that process is developed. It can be demonstrated that the internet leaves the social order of scientific communities unchanged but affects the mode of production of some scientific communities by providing opportunities for a communalization of raw data analysis, data production, and external contributions.
DNA Music
Authors: Dutfield Graham , Suthersanen Uma
Published: January 2021

Patent regulation provides numerous examples of how policy decisions have consequences that run counter to what was intended. One reason that unintended consequences ensue arises from the fact that when powerful and organised business interests consider that a new reform inhibits their economic appropriation opportunities, they seek to make the perceived inadequacies of the law less harmful to their interests. They may achieve this through alternative legal means or by the adoption of new technologies. For certain reasons, regulating DNA patenting is especially vulnerable to unintended consequences. For businesses, one possible alternative to patents is to encode DNA sequences as music and use copyright and trade secrecy rather than patents. Of course, such alternative means of protection can have their own unintended consequences. If we are right in predicting that if molecular biology patenting is suppressed more and more, the legal and technological measures that lock up information will become increasingly attractive to industry, then one should tread very cautiously when reforming the patent system in this field. *Key words*: intellectual property, DNA patenting, biotechnology
The trouble with embryos
Authors: Baylis Françoise , Krahn Timothy
Published: January 2021

In an effort to quell ongoing debate about the ethics of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research, there have been concerted efforts to develop ethical standards for both embryo and hESC research and to entrench these standards in law. Surprisingly these efforts have not included efforts at standardizing the meaning of the pivotal term ‘embryo’. This paper reviews the legal framework for embryo research in the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany and highlights the absence of any agreed upon standard for what counts as a human embryo. This is an important lacuna, especially in light of the most recent advances in stem cell research involving the reprogramming of human somatic cell nuclei to generate human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
From (public?) waste to (private?) value. The regulation of private cord blood banking in Spain
Authors: Santoro Pablo
Published: January 2021

The transformation of umbilical cord blood from a waste by-product to a valuable source of stem cells employed in haematological therapies has given rise to a globalised commercial sector in cord blood banking, a sector based essentially on promises of future therapies. Regulatory frameworks for these private services vary worldwide. This paper looks at the recent regulation of cord blood banking in Spain,taking this example as representative of some of the dilemmas currently faced by national regulatory agencies over biotechnological innovations. The Spanish case shows how, paradoxically, an attempt at producing a nationally comprehensive and rigorous regulatory order has led to the development of unregulated trans-national markets. This disjuncture problematises the traditional identification in transplantation practices between the nation-state, the social body and the solidarity of a national population. The paper ends by suggesting an interpretation of the cord blood case as part of recent mutations in biopolitics.
What is an Academic Journal? Problems Associated with the Transition to Electronic Publishing
Authors: Elvebakk Beate
Published: January 2021

The article is based on interviews with the subject specialists employed at the University Library in Oslo in 2005, and describes the discussion surrounding the introduction of an “e-only” policy for academic journals, and the opposition it met, especially among the subject specialists from the humanities. It deals with the perceived problems in this early stage of the new publishing paradigm in the academe, and describes the worries of the librarians in the form of a set of stories about breakdowns, malfunctions and absences. The article concludes that although the electronic journal may seem not to have radically changed academic journals, a more inclusive approach to technology in use reveals that our ways of relating to the journals have changes significantly, and that we may not be aware of all the consequences that follow from this. Especially, this relates to how academic resources is being used, and consequences for the research that is being produced.
Expert Activities as Part of Research Work
Authors: Granjou Céline , Mauz Isabelle
Published: January 2021

In a fast-growing body of literature on the science-policy interface, surprisingly few studies have examined the way researchers’ expert and advisory activities are embedded in scientific practice and academic careers. Little attention has been paid to scientists’ points of view on their own expert and advisory activities. Drawing on an empirical survey of biodiversity studies, we focus on scholars’ choices and trajectories in order to document why and how they become involved in this range of activities. Our results show how expert activities and scientific work are co-produced and articulated. A key result is that the nature of expert and advisory activities researchers are involved in, is closely related to the way they consider it possible to generalize ecological knowledge to various fields and networks. We also show that expert and advisory activities can help biodiversity scientists meet some of the requirements weighing on academic work (i.e. securing funds, showing social relevance or obtaining access to the field).
The Virtual Clinical Encounter
Authors: Langstrup Henriette , Iversen Louise Bagger , Vind Signe , Erstad Thomas Lunn
Published: January 2021

Telemedical devices such as the Patient Suitcase for treating chronic heart failure patients at home have been suggested to foster new and empowered patients. In this paper we analyse to what extent the ‘virtual clinical encounters’ taking place through the Patient Suitcase can be said to have such effects. We find that new skills are developed for all actors involved and that the work involved in the consultation is largely shared, but the normative claims of an independent and self-managing ‘Patient 2.0’ are difficult to support. Rather than seeing this as a dismissal of the transformative effects of telemedicine, we will suggest the need to decentre the attention from the individual and include the place-making efforts and effects involved in emplacing telemedicine in the home. The technology does not move work, knowledge and power from one actor in the clinical encounter to another – rather it redistributes and transforms it among more actors and more places demanding continuous sharing of work, development of new skills and involvement of distant and at times unruly actors. This may provide more sober accounts of the ways in which telemedicine has implications for the kinds of patients we may fi nd in contemporary healthcare and awareness of the more ambiguous relations between self, place and other in emerging care infrastructures.
Innovation and the Vocabulary of Governance
Authors: Eriksson Kai
Published: January 2021

Innovation has become a crucial part of the vocabulary of contemporary political governance and its conceptual equipment. As innovation has emerged as an ever-more significant political issue, the discourse on innovation has become intertwined with the notion of network. This paper argues that certain ontological elements inherent in this discourse tend to lose their openness when they are defined as policy-oriented concepts, and uses the innovation system concept as a case study to illuminate this. Insofar as innovation, the production of something novel, is the basis of contemporary economy, then political language has to strive both to attain what is new and, at the same time, to make it governable. It seems, however, that when a concept receives its political formulation, that is, when it becomes a means for governance, then the unifying process attendant to the production of a field of governance will replace the perspective of change. This essential tension is investigated in what follows through innovation policy as articulated mainly in the Finnish policy discourse.
Kalannin alttarikaappi
Authors: Räsänen Elina
Published: January 2021

Artikkeli tarkastelee Suomen kansallismuseon kokoelmiin kuuluvan myöhäiskeskiaikaisen Kalannin alttarikaapin merkitystä suomalaisessa taidehistorian kentässä sekä analysoi teoksen ajoitukseen ja tekijäkysymykseen liittyviä seikkoja. Taidehistorian kirjoituksessa merkittäväksi nostettua teosta tulkittiin historiallisissa vaiheissa eri tavoin ja 1940-luvulla se haluttiin nähdä erillisenä Suomen taiteen historiasta. Artikkelissa selvennetään, että teoksen nykyinen, useiden tutkijoiden esittämä myöhäisempi ajoitus 1430-luvulle on lähellä saksalaisessa tutkimuksessa ohitetun K. K. Meinanderin jo 1900-luvun alussa tekemää ajoitusehdotusta. Tiivistäen viimeaikaisten tutkimusten tuloksia alttarikaapin provenienssista, artikkelissa osoitetaan, että teos todennäköisesti tilattiin Kalannin kirkkoon sen valmistumisen jälkeen 1430-luvulla. Kirkon 1700-luvun lopun arkistolähteissä siitä kirjoitetaan vanhanaikaisena. Edelleen artikkelissa argumentoidaan, että uudet ehdotukset attribuoida Kalannin alttarikaapin maalaukset Konrad von Vechta -nimiselle taiteilijalle eivät ole vakuuttavia, ja vaikka emme tiedäkään mitään mestari Francke -nimellä tunnetun henkilön elämästä, tämä on kuitenkin edelleen hyödyllinen tekijänimi.
Esitys ja sen jälki
Authors: Hacklin Saara
Published: January 2021

Väitöskirja-arvio teoksesta Riikka Niemelä, Performatiiviset jäljet. Teos ja tallenne esityslähtöisessä mediataiteessa (Turun yliopiston julkaisuja, 2019), 265 s.
Akustinen äänenlaatuindeksi (AVQI) äänen arvioinnissa: Alustava monitapaustutkimus äänitystason, -tilan ja äänentuottotavan vaikutuksista
Authors: Laukkanen Anne-Maria , Ikävalko Tero , Rantala Leena , Kankare Eliina
Published: January 2021

Kuudesta parametrista muodostuvaa akustista äänenlaatuindeksiä (AVQI) käytetään äänihäiriöiden objektiiviseen arviointiin. Tämä tutkimus on alustava selvitys siitä, paljonko AVQI:in vaikuttavat äänitystaso, ympäristön taustakohina, puhujan puhetapa ja sukupuoli silloin, kun käytetään suositeltua äänityslaitteistoa.

Näytteet tallennettiin kahdelta terveääniseltä (mies ja nainen) sekä äänihuulihalvauksesta (mies) ja toiminnallisesta äänihäiriöstä (nainen) kärsineeltä henkilöltä. Terveäänisten puhujien näytteet äänitettiin vaimennetussa studiossa. He lukivat lyhyen tekstin ja äänsivät [a:]-vokaalia 5 sekuntia itselleen tavanomaisella, sekä hiljaisella, voimakkaalla ja korkealla äänellä. Huonon äänitystason ja -ympäristön vaikutusten tarkastelua varten ääninäytteet soitettiin yksitiekaiuttimen kautta ja äänitettiin uudelleen studiossa (taustakohinataso 17,3 dBA) ja toimisto-olosuhteissa (taustakohinataso 34,4 dBA) kahdella äänitystasolla. Kaiuttimen kautta soitetuista näytteistä laskettiin AVQI.

Tulosten mukaan äänitystaso, -tila ja sukupuoli vaikuttivat vain vähän AVQI-lukuun ja sen parametreihin. Eniten AVQI-lukua nosti häiriöinen äänenlaatu. Myös puhetapa vaikutti: hiljaisesti tuotetuissa ääninäytteissä terveääniset saivat äänihäiriöille tyypillisiä arvoja. AVQI:a käytettäessä on tärkeää kontrolloida, että puhujat tuottavat ääninäytteet itselleen tavanomaisella puhevoimakkuudella ja -korkeudella. Tämä on oleellista etenkin toistomittauksissa.
Potential threats for the auditing profession, audit firms and audit processes inherent in using emerging technology
Authors:   College of Accounting, University of Cape Town, South Africa, McGregor Dale , Carpenter Riley ,   College of Accounting, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Published: January 2021

The audit profession currently faces several challenges to improve audit quality and efficiency. In response to these challenges, audit firms have invested considerably in implementing emerging technology. Although technological innovation may improve efficiency and effectiveness of operations, using these technologies creates several threats, which, if not adequately addressed by auditors, may harm audit quality, efficiency, and the professional development of the auditor. This paper performs a qualitative analysis of prior literature regarding the threats created by audit firms implementing emerging technology. These threats include concerns related to the integrity and security of data inputs, the auditor placing too much reliance on technology to the detriment of their professional development and exercise of professional judgement, a shortage of skills, the costs of technology implementation, disruptions to the status quo of the audit profession and auditing standards potentially being outdated. This paper adds value firstly by helping to determine how technology impacts the future of the auditing profession and secondly, by helping firms determine whether to invest in new technologies by providing a comprehensive overview of the threats resulting from such a decision.
Appraisal of the problems affecting microfinance banks in emerging economies and the mitigating factors: Nigeria’s experience
Authors:   Department of Management & Accounting Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Akinadewo Israel S. , Akinkoye Ebenezer Y. ,   Department of Management & Accounting Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Olasanmi O. O. ,   Department of Management & Accounting Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
Published: January 2021

This study appraised the problems of microfinance banks in Nigeria and evaluated the mitigating factors. Survey research design through the administration of structured questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The targeted population was 250 microfinance banks operators and micro, small and medium entrepreneurs. The respondents validly returned 223 copies of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics like table, mean, standard deviation and percentages were used for data analyses. The findings revealed that high operating and financial expenses (99.6%); low revenue base (99.6%); lack of effective corporate governance (99.6%); lack of standard and uniformity in financial transactions (99.6%); insiders’ abuse (99.6%); and ineffective monitoring of the allocated funds to ensure the utilisation as intended (99.6%) are highly critical among the twenty identified problem confronting microfinance banks in Nigeria. The results also showed that majority of the respondents believed that among the twenty identified mitigating factors to the problems of MFBs in Nigeria, timely preparation of financial statements (99.6%); adoption of cost efficiency mechanism (99.6%); investing more on information technology for enhancement of operations (99.6%); standardisation of the quality, experience and qualifications of management of microfinance (99.6%); and effective background check of staff and customers are the most important. The study, therefore, recommends the need for government to evaluate these findings and timely deploy the mitigating factors for the enhancement of the growth of microfinance banks in Nigeria.
Revitalization of urban areas through business and tourism improvement districts (BIDs/TIDs) in Albania
Authors:   ", Repaj Ermira ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economy University of Tirana, Albania"
Published: January 2021

The spreading of business improvement districts (BIDs) and similar forms of a public-private partnership, as a new mechanism of urban revitalization and economic development, have emerged in Canada five decades ago and quickly adopted to many cities in countries such as the USA, Germany, UK, South Africa and lately Denmark and Sweden. This form of a public-private partnership with local authorities is created when a significant number of businesses or business property owners agree through a democratic process ballot to manage a delimited area and offer additional public services such as security, maintenance, infrastructure improvement, and marketing, to improve decaying commercial and residential areas. Since 2011, the model has been applied in 8 districts in Albania, contributing to improved business life, infrastructure improvement, and enhanced general public services. The period is long enough to offer insights regarding their evolution and transformative effect in the areas where it has been applied. This paper aims to explore the adaptation of the business improvement district (BID) model in urban areas in Albania and, at the same time, point out its characteristics, activities, and contribution to the area development. The methodology used includes a qualitative research design, including primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources include interviews with BID association members, administrators, and consultants in Albania, businesses, local government officials, and lawyers. Secondary sources include different research papers on BID functionality and BID legislation, conference proceedings, project reports, entrepreneurship magazines. By identifying the effects of the model in area transformation, this study results have important implications for Albania's public and development policies and extracts practical lessons from its introduction in this local context. The findings presented demonstrate BID's transformative role for area renewal, economic and social development of the areas where it has been applied.
Narratives Shaping Teachers’ Professional Identity and Influencing Career Development
Authors: Zeevia Ariella , Crețu Carmen Mihaela
Published: January 2021

This article seeks to distinguish between teachers' academic studies which they chose of their own volition, and professional training throughout their career that is imposed on them as part of their role as educators, in the framework of their professional development. This is a qualitative-narrative study, whose data were collected through the life stories of two educators, one is currently serving as the principal of a junior high school, and the other serves as a vice principal of a junior high school and is also preparing to be the principal of a school. The data were analyzed by means of content analysis, which yielded themes that were combined into three chapters: Chapter one: The seeds sown in the parents' home towards professional life, Chapter two: The choice of the professional life track, and Chapter three: Professional development towards career advancement. The findings show that this distinction points to the formation of teachers' professional identity: The free choice in academic study tracks contributes greatly to the formation of their professional identity, while continuing their training as teachers in the afternoon after a long school day, does not contribute to the formation of their professional identity. Some see these studies as an inconvenience and its main value for them is financial. The findings of this study reprise the question of the connection between teachers’ training throughout their careers as formulating the perception of their professional identity.
The Global Religious Configuration. Realities and Forecasts
Authors: GÂRDAN Gabriel-Viorel
Published: January 2021

Based on recent research, we aim to present the current global religious con-figuration, the religious demographic evolution during the twentieth century, and the main trends for the first half of the twenty-first century. From a methodological point of view, we chose to present only those religions that register a share of 1% of the global population, among which we paid increased attention only to Christianity and Islam. The only exception to this rule is Judaism, the reason for advancing this exception being the desire to compare the evolution of the three religions of the Book: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
The purpose of this presentation is to provide a more nuanced picture of the geographical distribution of each religion and, on the other hand, to illustrate the global religious diversity. From a chronological point of view, the landmarks are the years 1910, 1970, 2000, 2010, 2014, 2030, and 2050. The data collected for the years 1910–2014 is the basis of the forecasts for the years 2030 and 2050. The former ones describe the religious realities, while the latter two open up perspectives on the trends in religious demography.
We would like to draw attention to the potential of religious demography in deciphering the religious image of the world in which we live. On the other hand, we consider that exploring the global religious profile and the way it evolves, as well as the factors that bring forth change, is not only an opportunity generated by the organic development of religious demography research but also a necessity for rethinking the pastoral and missionary strategies of the church.
Religious demographics provide valuable data about the past together with nuanced knowledge of the present, helping us anticipate and even influence the future. The church, at any time, assumes the past, manages the present, and prepares the future. From this perspective, we believe that a strategic pastoral thinking, regardless of religion or denomination, can be organically outlined, starting from the data provided through the means available to religious demography. While religious demography provides specific data, it does not explain the phenomena behind this data; it notes and invites questions, debates, and explanations about religious affiliation, religiosity, and religious behaviour.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN AKTIVITAS WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA PASCA ERUPSI DI KABUPATEN KARANGASEM
Authors: Dewi NGAS.
Published: January 2021

Mount Agung, which is the highest active mountain in Bali, began to experience an eruption which immediately caused Bali tourism to collapse. On the other hand, this disaster invites a special attraction for special interest tourists. This paper aims to determine the characteristics and activities of foreign tourists after the eruption of Mount Agung in Karangasem Regency. Data collection techniques used, among others: observation, interview, questionnaires distributions, literature study, and documentation with qualitative descriptive and quantitative analysis methods. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known the characteristics of foreign tourists based on tourist descriptors, namely: age dominated by 20 - 35 years (81%), coming from France (18%), female sex (57%), unmarried status (60%), recent undergraduate education (52%), employment of private employees (38%), income> USD 510 (57%). Meanwhile, characteristics based on trip descriptor have results that are dominated by: Bali as the main destination (88%), first visit to Bali (71%), length of stay in Bali more than 5 days (80%), visit with friends (36% ), stay at homestay (33%), accommodation located in Ubud (31%), length of stay in Karangasem <1 day (52%), organize trips independently (74%), expenses in Karangasem <1,000,000 (72%) ), car and driver rental (41%). Tourism activities undertaken by foreign tourists after the eruption of Mount Agung were dominated by cultural tourism activities with the highest Likert scale of 3.37 in the category of strongly agree.
Территориальные диспропорции размещения инфраструктуры туризма в Республике Карелия
Authors: Степанова Светлана
Published: January 2021

В статье представлен анализ состояния туристской ин-фраструктуры Республики Карелия в муниципальном разре-зе. Предложена методика расчета уровня развития инфра-структуры туризма на уровне муниципальных образований. Выявлены значительные территориальные диспропорции в размещении туристской инфраструктуры в целом и ее структурных элементов в регионе. Выявлена закономер-ность локализации объектов туристской инфраструктуры, дифференцированная по структурным элементам. Опреде-лены 6 муниципалитетов, которые характеризуются ин-тенсивным развитием туристской инфраструктуры и об-ладают высоким потенциалом для развития туристско-рекреационной деятельности. Tourism development in the Republic of Karelia seems to be one of the priorities and promising areas of regional development, due to both the unique potential and the historical aspects of tourist and recreational development of the territory. The effec-tive functioning of tourism, the provision of a range of competi-tive tourism services in the context of cross-country and inter-regional competition for tourists and investments, the full use of the tourist and recreational potential of the territory are largely determined by the level of development of the regional tourist infrastructure. At the same time, the tourist infrastructure pro-vides the interests of not only domestic and international tour-ists, but also meets the needs of the local population for recrea-tion and recreation [1]. Significant territorial imbalances in the development of regional tourism infrastructure, characteristic of most Russian regions and the Republic of Karelia, are one of the key limitations of tourism development in the context under study. The article presents an analysis of the state of the tourism infrastructure in the Republic of Karelia in the municipal context. A methodology for calculating the level of tourism infrastructure development at the level of municipalities is proposed. Significant territorial disproportions in the location of the re-gional tourism infrastructure are revealed. The regularity of location of the objects of the tourism infra-structure, differentiated by structural elements, is revealed. Six municipalities with intensive develop-ment of tourism infrastructure and a high potential for the development of tourist and recreational ac-tivities are identified.
Improving the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) in Primorsky Region: The Role of Strategic Entrepreneurship
Authors: Agha Muhanad Hasan , Gafforova Elena
Published: January 2021

With the increasing role played by tourism worldwide, Russia is turning to use tourism as an effective tool for overall development. Primorsky region is one of the leading tourist destinations in the Russian Far East where several Small and Medium-sized Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) are operating to offer a variety of products, all of which constitute a tourism experience. Thus, there is a growing interest in the performance and management methods of such companies. Through the analysis of literature, this paper discusses tourism trends in Primorsky region and studies SMTEs working in there through exploring their characteristics and the challenges they are facing. The paper also investigates Strategic Entrepreneurship (SE) as an appropriate management method for managing SMTEs in Primorsky region. The study finds that both components of SE positively affect the performance of SMTEs. Consequently, the application of SE in SMTEs in Primorsky region might enable managers and owners of SMTEs to overcome the various challenges and shortcomings experienced by these companies and to exploit their resources in a way that helps them achieve the best possible performance without waiting for large investments in the region.