bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sociolinguistics of Mobility, Mundane Translinguistic Practices and Speakers’ Resourcefulness: Implications for ELT
Authors: Sugiharto Setiono
Published: May 2023

The idea of language deterritorialization has radically revolutionized the way we perceive, use and teach the entity we call language. Language has become porous and borderless, making its users capable of crossing borders at ease. Furthermore, language users can adeptly and creatively shuttle and mesh different linguistic resources either to index their new identities or to accomplish their communicative goals. Driven by the concept of mobility typified by the movement of people, ideas and objects from one real geographical or symbolic social space to other spaces, language is not only borrowed, but is also blended, remade, repurposed and even localized. Drawing upon the notion of ‘a sociolinguistic of mobility’, this article will illustrate the mundane sociolinguistic phenomena in diverse settings as exemplary instances of translinguistic practices, and then show that the quotidian linguistic practices in these settings reflect speakers’ resourcefulness. The article ends by discussing some implications of mobility for teaching English in a local context.
Challenges of Online English Language Teaching and Learning at Secondary Schools in Bangladesh
Authors: Tasneem Nishat
Published: May 2023

Virtual classrooms manifest a burgeoning pedagogic instrument in current English language teaching and learning contexts around the globe; the use of which was significantly increased with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Such practices can also be traced to the secondary-level educational context in Bangladesh. Alike the traditional classroom, these virtual classrooms are not without challenges. To unravel such challenges of online English classes at the secondary level in a developing country context like Bangladesh, a qualitative research framework was used in this research. As such, the current study utilized qualitative data collection instruments to collect in-depth information about the individual, course, contextual and technological challenges of online English language education at the secondary level in Bangladesh, based on Anderson and Grönlund’s (2009) conceptual framework of online education in developing countries. The data was collected from both the learners and the facilitators of such online English language classes and analyzed based on the codes from the conceptual framework of the study. Moreover, data regarding the pedagogic participant-oriented suggestions to encounter such challenges were also collected and analyzed. The findings of the study highlight a range of different pedagogic and contextual challenges in relation to online English education in a developing country context like Bangladesh and draw on its implication to address policy issues as well as pedagogic practices
Blended Learning Effectiveness: A Quasi-Experimental Study on Students’ ESP Achievement
Authors: Mafruudloh Naajihah , Sholikhah Nur Mafissamawati , Fitriati Rahima
Published: May 2023

Blended Learning, a mixture of face-to-face (FTF) and online learning, has gained its popularity in the English language teaching context. However, examining its efficacy in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) remains scares. To fill this gap, this study implemented BL in an Indonesian ESP classroom and examined its effect on students’ learning attainment and the challenges they encountered. Drawing on the data garnered from pre- and post-tests, it was unveiled that using BL promoted the students’ learning outcomes given the statistical evidence was 0.000 which means lower than 0.05. Three main challenges of blended learning implementation were also identified, namely limitation of proper media, time allocation, and instructional aspect. This study incapsulates that the use of Blended Learning could promote students’ English language skills. This study recommends that future studies be carried out involving more participants and more varied ESP classes to gain more robust results.
Cardiovascular outcome trials of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors: a concise review from the clinicians’ perspective
Authors: Min Thinzar , Crockett Elin , Pavlou Andreas , Bain Stephen C
Published: May 2023

Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main objectives in the management of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). New glucose-lowering therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have demonstrated not only cardiovascular safety but also cardiovascular benefits. In line with emerging evidence from the cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs), major international guidelines advocate GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors with proven cardiovascular benefits as a first add-on or monotherapy in individuals with T2DM and established CVD or CVD risk factors. Based on subsequent cardiorenal outcomes and heart failure trials, the licensed indications of some SGLT-2 inhibitors have been extended beyond glycaemic management. SGLT-2 inhibitors have now been approved for the management of chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease, both irrespective of diabetes status. This review aims to summarise the CVOTs of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors from the clinician’s perspective.
KPI Library. Annual Report 2022
Authors: Brui Oksana , Kobets Olena , Korian Yuliia , Rodyhina Oleksandra
Published: May 2023

Public report on the work of the H. I. Denysenko Scientific and Technical Library of the National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" for 2022
Keldysh Institute Preprints: сontract with the author
Authors: Polilova Tatyana Alekseevna
Published: May 2023

To publish the results of the work carried out at the M.V. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics in the journal "Keldysh Institute Preprints", the author must fill out a request posted on the Institute's website. Is the request a contract between the publisher and the author? From the point of view of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Institute, as a publisher, offers the author to conclude a contract by filling out, signing and sending a request. This kind of relationship is defined in Article 438 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: the application is an offer, and the acceptance of its terms and sending the request to the editorial office is an acceptance of the offer. The contract should provide support for a sufficiently legally correct process of publishing a preprint, publishing an article and/or a derivative work in another publishing house, sending metadata to bibliographic databases. This paper analyzes some legal issues that arise when publishing the IPM preprint. The work is not a legal guide.
Recognition of sample distribution functions among a system of patterns: the nearest neighbor method
Authors: Kislitsyn Alexey Alexeevich , Kislitsyna Maria Yurievna
Published: May 2023

The value of the sample distribution identification error of a multidimensional discrete random variable among a library of reference patterns is studied, depending on the dimension of the random vector, the sample length and the distance between two reference distributions in the norms C and L1. It is shown that the recognition error in the L1 norm is significantly lower than in C. Reference distributions of n-grams for texts are considered as a practical application. It turned out that the accuracy of identification is mainly determined by the individual characteristics of the standards, and not by the distances between them. An algorithm has been developed to test the system of standards for recognition accuracy.
Uma Uma ciência diversa. Se não agora, quando?
Authors: Barros Aparecida da Silva Xavier , Alves Thelma Panerai
Published: May 2023

O viés androcêntrico de sexo e gênero afeta a criatividade e a excelência em ciência e tecnologia, bem como influencia as práticas e o conhecimento saído das instituições científicas. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma revisão bibliográfica dentro do campo de estudos de gênero e ciências, trazendo autoras clássicas e fundamentais ao campo, assim como perspectivas mais recentes e interseccionais. Discutimos sobre a produção da ignorância associada ao viés de sexo e gênero na ciência, destacando como a perspectiva de sexo e gênero tem sido negligenciada tanto na preparação e no desenvolvimento dos estudos quanto nos relatos e na divulgação dos resultados. Como principal conclusão, destacamos que incluir mulheres e outras minorias como sujeitos e fazedores de pesquisa é apenas o primeiro passo para promover a igualdade de gênero na ciência.
Development of Web-Module Enrichment Based on Scientific Approach on Plant Diversity Submaterial by Utilizing Local Potential
Authors: Nur 'Afifah Luthfiana Sabila , Prajoko Setiyo , Alamsyah Muhammad Radian Nur
Published: May 2023

The city of Magelang has the local potential of the Kebun Bibit Senopati which has a variety of plants that can be used as teaching materials for plant diversity sub-materials. The potential diversity of Anthophyta plants in the Kebun Bibit Senopati can be packaged as a learning resource in the form of a web-module enrichment based on a scientific approach that is more practical and can be accessed anytime and anywhere. This study aims to determine the diversity of anthophytes in the Kebun Bibit Senopati, Magelang City, determine the feasibility of the enrichment web module, and determine the teacher's response to the enrichment web module. This research was carried out using the R&D method with a 4-D model which was limited to the development stage and modified by pre-experimentation. From the results of observations and identification of anthophytes in Kebun Bibit Senopati, it is known that there are 70 species of anthophytes that have been identified and grouped into 23 orders. The assessment of the feasibility of the web-enrichment module from media expert validators is 83.54%, material expert validators are 88.5%, and pedagogical expert validators are 81%. The feasibility of the web module is equipped with the results of the N-gain value, which is in the high category, which is effective as an enrichment learning teaching material. The teacher's response to the development of the web module is strongly agreed upon, accompanied by the acquisition of assessment results from the teacher of 85.83%. The enrichment web module is considered very feasible and effective to be used as teaching material in learning the enrichment of plant diversity sub-materials.
Pengembangan Budidaya Tanaman Sayuran Secara Vertikultur dan Akuaponik Budikdamber (Budidaya Ikan dalam Ember) sebagai Solusi Usaha Pertanian di Lahan Terbatas
Authors: Lakshitarsari Kynthavi Paramitha , Romadhoni Muhammad Hafizh , Suryanti Venty
Published: May 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 mempunyai pengaruh terhadap ekonomi warga masyarakat, terutama bagi warga yang hanya bergantung pada penghasilan harian. Salah satu cara untuk meringankan beban ekomoni warga akibat dampak pandemi Covid-19 adalah memberdayakan masyarakat untuk menerapkan konsep kawasan rumah pangan lestari agar mengoptimalkan lahan pekarangan. Kegiatan ini mengenalkan budidaya tanaman sayuran dan ikan dengan vertikultur dan akuaponik budikdamer (budidaya ikan dalam ember). Tujuannya adalah untuk membantu mewujudkan kemandirian pangan dan gizi keluarga serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat karena adanya peluang bisnis dari kegiatan budidaya tanaman sayuran dan ikan di pekarangan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dalam beberapa tahapan, yaitu sosialisasi/penyuluhan, pelatihan dengan pendampingan perakitan instalasi vertikultur dan akuaponik budikdamer serta pendampingan pemeliharaan tanaman dan ikan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini mendapat respon yang positif dan antusiasme dari warga masyarakat. Masyarakat telah merasakan manfaat dari kegiatan ini baik dari segi ekonomi mapun estetika.

 

Kata kunci: akuaponik; budidaya ikan dalam ember; lahan terbatas; sayuran; vertikultur
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Implementasi 3R dalam Bentuk Pembuatan Totebag Tie Dye, Lilin Aromaterapi, dan Craft Tamanisasi
Authors: Sari Septa Kurnia , Damarjati Lintang , Amalia Isykarima , Rahmawati Sri , Syaifullah Rony
Published: May 2023

Sampah merupakan hal tidak dapat terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Berdasarkan Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional (SIPSN) masih terdapat 35,68% atau setara dengan 10.238.712,15 (ton/tahun) sampah yang tidak terkelola. Sukoharjo sendiri merupakan salah satu daerah yang belakangan ini volume sampah yang dihasilkan meningkat hingga 130 ton/hari. Meningkatkan rasa kepedulian masyarakat terhadap kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan dengan melakukan sosialisasi pembinaan penerapan sistem 3R (Reduce, reuse, recycle) di Desa Lengking, Bulu, Sukoharjo merupakan tujuan dari dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengabdian ini. Metode yang dipakai adalah persuasuif, edukatif, dan partisipatif. Hasil dari pelatihan ini adalah untuk menambah pemahaman peserta tentang: Mengapa kita perlu mengurangi sampah, Bagaimana mendaur ulang sampah menjadi produk yang layak pakai dan jual. Kegiatan pengabdian ini difokuskan kepada sosialisasi zero waste dan pelatihan pembuatan tote bag tie dye, lilin aromaterapi, dan craft tamanisasi sebagai salah satu bentuk menghasilkan produk bernilai ekonomis. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan  ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada peningkatan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan yang mencakup pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku melalui pembinaan penerapan sistem 3R saat sosialisasi dan proses pengolahan sampah ini sebaiknya dilakukan secara intensif.

 

Kata kunci : craft tamanisasi;  pengabdian; 3R; tote bag tie dye; lilin aromaterapi;
The strategy of a book publisher during the pandemic: A case study from Deepublish
Authors: Utami Ayu Dwi , Dewi Aruming Sekar Sukrani Candra , Yudhiantoro Danang
Published: May 2023

This article provides a case study related to the strategy of the Deepublish publishing company in dealing with the Covid 19 Pandemic crisis that has entered Indonesia since March 2, 2020. We provide an explanation regarding the impact of the pandemic on the publishing world. This article uses a descriptive case study and a literature review using data from the Deepublish company. We found the company's marketing strategy, namely B2C, which was initially less superior than competing companies, actually became an advantage for Deepublish. The application of the flywheel marketing concept, adding title assets, and optimizing distribution channels encourage companies to continue to exist and increase company turnover. The results of this study are expected to be a benchmark for other publishing companies.

 

 
Related party transactions: Review of the literature
Authors: Saragih Jopinus Ramli
Published: May 2023

Asian financial crisis has led many countries to perform related party transactions, which are transactions made by the firms to affiliated parties and often performed by controlling shareholders. The emergence of related party transactions cannot be separated from the existence of pyramidal ownership, where the controlling shareholder has several layers of ownership. Just as related party transactions can create a conflict of interest between the controller and the minority, the controller may transfer firms’ resources or assets to a parent entity that is not normally listed on a stock exchange. Therefore, in our paper, we would like to discuss about different aspects and arguments on the impact of related party transactions. Prior studies provide various contributions, as one argues that related party transactions are part of an efficient contract, where the two connected parties have better information with each other due to the connection than the unaffiliated parties. On the other hand, several studies suggest that related party transactions have a bad impact and are full of expropriation of minority interests.
Perceived intrusiveness, consumer attention, and intent to purchase: The moderating effect of celebrity preferences
Authors: Anisah Tiara Nur , Miswanto Miswanto
Published: May 2023

This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of celebrity preferences on the relationship between perceived intrusiveness, consumer attention, and intent to purchase by applying Stimulus-Organism-Responds (SOR) Theory as a foundation. A total of 310 questionnaires were used in this study. This study uses the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis approach by dividing a sample into two groups: (1) preference and (2) non-preference. A total of 155 samples filled out advertisements that matched respondents’ preferences and 155 samples filled out advertisements that did not match respondents’ preferences. The finding of this study are: (a) perceived intrusiveness is negatively affects consumer attention, (b) consumer attention positively affect intent to purchase, (c) celebrity preference moderates the effect of perceived intrusiveness on consumer attention, in a way that the higher celebrity preference will reduce the effect of perceived intrusiveness on consumer attention, and (d) celebrity preference moderates the influence of consumer attention on intent to purchase, in a way that the higher celebrity preference will strengthen the influence of consumer attention on intent to purchase. This finding could indicate the presence of intrusive advertising if the ad matches the preferences of the audience, then the ad will still get the attention of the audience and even affect the consumer's intention to buy.
Implementasi Akad Pembiayaan Qard dan Wakalah bil Ujrah pada Platform Fintech Lending Syariah ditinjau Berdasarkan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Fatwa DSN-MUI
Authors: Maulida Sri , Hasan Ahmadi , Umar Masyitah
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of Qard and Wakalah bil Ujrah financing contract for Sharia Lending Platform reviewed based on regulation of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) and Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI). The method of approach used in this research is a method of empirical approach that is legal research on the enforcement or implementation of normative provisions in action at any particular legal event occurring in the community. The results showed that the information system with Sharia invoice financing used by sharia Investree Platform is according to review based on regulation of OJK No. 77/POJK.01/2016 in chapter IV of article 19 of the financing agreement on lending services based on information technology with Lenders. Secondly, the implementation of Akad Al qordh used by Sharia Investree Platform has been reviewed according to the Fatwa DSN MUI No. 19/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 on Al-Qardh. Thirdly, the implementation of Akad Wakalah bil Ujrah used by Sharia Investree Platform has been reviewed according to Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 113/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 on Akad Wakalah Bi Al-Ujrah which is devoted to the Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 67/DSN-MUI/III/2008 on Islamic debt factoring. Fourth, the classification of QARDH and Wakalah bil Ujrah that used by the sharia Investree Platform is using a factoring financing model reviewed by the Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 on information technology-based financing services based on Islamic principles.
Financial Sustainability Ratio (FSR) Pada BUS di Indonesia Tahun 2012-2018: Penggunaan Metode Maqashid Syariah Index (MSI)
Authors: Rohmah Rifka Nazilatur , Noor Ruslan Abdul ghofur , Anggraeni Erike
Published: May 2023

Many methods can be used in measuring company finances, including Islamic Commercial Banks. Maqashid Sharia Index (MSI) is a measuring tool in calculating the Financial Sustainability Ratio (FSR). This study aims to measure the FSR of Islamic commercial banks using the MSI measuring instrument method. The results will see the extent to which MSI can calculate the FSR of Islamic retail banks. MSI also estimates how far MSI is connected to the FSR. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research. The data obtained is in the form of secondary data. The data is compiled based on the financial reports of BUS that are registered with the OJK from 2012 to 2020. Sampling was done using the purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique uses the documentation method. The analysis used includes regression test, partial test, ANOVA test, and coefficient of determination. The results showed that MSI has a positive effect on FSR. MSI also provided information that the FSR provided positive results for Islamic commercial banks by being aware of the ummah's problems.
Impact of Salinity, Hardness, Lithology, and ATBS Content on HPAM Polymer Retention for the Milne Point Polymer Flood
Authors: Seright Randall Scott , Wang Dongmei
Published: May 2023

At the Milne Point polymer flood (North Slope of Alaska), polymer retention is dominated by the clay, illite. Illite (and kaolinite) cause no delay in polymer propagation in Milne Point core material, but they reduce the effective polymer concentration and viscosity by a significant amount (e.g., 30%), thus reducing in efficiency of oil displacement until the full injected polymer concentration is regained (which requires several pore volumes of throughput). This work demonstrates that polymer retention on illite is not sensitive to monovalent ion concentration, but it increases significantly with increased divalent cation concentration. Incorporation of a small percentage of ATBS monomers into HPAM polymers is shown to dramatically reduce retention. Results are discussed in context with previous literature reports. Interestingly, an extensive literature review reveals that polymer retention is typically only modestly sensitive to the presence of oil. Extensive examination of literature on inaccessible pore volume suggests the parameter was commonly substantially overestimated, especially in rock/sand more permeable than 500 md (which comprises the vast majority of existing field polymer floods).
Illumina reads correction — evaluation and improvements
Authors: Długosz Maciej , Deorowicz Sebastian
Published: May 2023

The paper focuses on the correction of Illumina sequencing reads. We provide an extensive evaluation of the existing correctors. To this end, we measure an impact of the correction on variant calling as well as de novo assembly. It shows, that in selected cases read correction improves the VC results quality. We also examine the algorithms behaviour in a processing of Illumina NovaSeq reads, with different quality scores profile than in older sequencers. We show that most of the algorithms are ready to cope with such reads. Finally, we introduce a new version of RECKONER, our read corrector, by optimizing it and equipping with a new correction strategy. Currently, RECKONER allows to correct high-coverage human reads in about 3 hours, is able to cope with two types of reads errors: indels and substitutions, and utilizes a new, based on a two lengths of oligomers, correction verification method.
User Experience on E-learning Platforms in Higher Education
Authors: Giraldi Luca , Giovannetti Marta , Cedrola Elena
Published: May 2023

Even though Covid-19 facilitated the move towards e-learning, research on the user experience (UX) of e-learning platforms has been limited, particularly regarding its cognitive and emotional outcomes. Considering this gap, this study proposes a non-invasive method for assessing emotional effects related to e-learning platforms. The study involved an experiment with 23 university students and compared the effectiveness of a real-time face and eye detection methodology (MIORA) with a retrospective questionnaire (SAM) in understanding the emotional responses elicited by the user-platform interaction. To examine the consistency between the two tools, the authors intentionally introduced usability issues in the system to observe students' emotional reactions. The study's results confirmed the research hypothesis that real-time non-invasive tools for assessing emotional reactions are more comprehensive and reliable than the SAM questionnaire. Furthermore, these tools enable dynamic adaptations to the site's usability and interface based on the student's emotional reactions, potentially improving satisfaction and learning outcomes. The findings inform future research on how emotional responses to e-learning platforms can impact user experience and learning outcomes. Ultimately, this study offers a foundation for understanding the emotional outcomes of e-learning and how they can be effectively assessed to improve online and hybrid education.
A Large Language Modelling Deep Learning Framework for the Next Pandemic
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Wu Xian , Yang Bang , You Chenyu , Wang Chenyang , Lu Lei , Liu Zhangdaihong , Zheng Yefeng , Sun Xu , Yang Yang , Clifton David , Liu Fenglin
Published: May 2023

Deep neural networks have been integrated into the whole clinical decision procedure which can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and alleviate the heavy workload of physicians. Typical applications include 1) medical report generation, 2) disease classification, and 3) survival prediction. Since most neural networks are supervised, their quality heavily depends on the volume and quality of available labels. However, for novel diseases, e.g., new pandemics or new variants, there are few existing labels. In addition, the acquisition of new pandemic cases to collect sufficient labels for training is time-consuming and is typically unavailable at the early stage. To prepare neural networks for the next pandemic, in this paper, we propose a large language model - Unsupervised Learning from Unlabelled Medical Images and Text (ULUMIT) framework, which can learn broad medical knowledge (e.g., image understanding, text semantics, and clinical phenotypes) from unlabelled data. As a result, when encountering new pandemics, our framework can be rapidly deployed and easily adapted to them with extremely limited labels. Furthermore, ULUMIT supports medical data across visual modality (e.g., chest X-ray and CT) and textual modality (e.g., medical report and free-text clinical note); therefore, it can be used for any clinical task that involves both visual and textual medical data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our ULUMIT by showing how it would perform using the COVID-19 pandemic ``in replay''. In particular, in the retrospective setting, we test the model on the early COVID-19 datasets; and in the prospective setting, we test the model on the new variant COVID-19-Omicron. The experiments are conducted on 1) three kinds of input medical data, image-only, text-only, and image-text; 2) three kinds of downstream tasks, medical reporting, diagnosis, and prognosis; 3) five public COVID-19 datasets; and 4) three different languages, i.e., English, Chinese, and Spanish. All experiments consistently show that our framework can make accurate and robust COVID-19 decision-support tasks with little labelled data (such as considering information from only one patient), providing an impact on medical data analysis during the early stage of the next pandemic. Besides COVID-19, our framework can be applied to identify 14 common thorax diseases and tuberculosis across five additional public datasets, demonstrating its robustness in generalization and transferability. In brief, our framework achieves state-of-the-art performances on ten datasets.
Development of human cell-expressed tag-free rhMFG-E8 as a radiation mitigator and a therapeutic for acute kidney injury
Authors: Chaung Wayne , Zhang Fangming , Ma Gaifeng , Yen HaoTing , Jacob Asha , Brenner Max , Wang Ping
Published: May 2023

Background

Human milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8) functions as a bridging molecule to promote the removal of dying cells by professional phagocytes. E. coli-expressed histidine-tagged recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) is protective in various disease conditions. However, due to improper recombinant protein glycosylation, misfolding and possible antigenicity, E. coliexpressed histidine-tagged rhMFG-E8 is unsuitable for human therapy. Therefore, we hypothesize that human cell-expressed, tag-free rhMFG-E8 can be developed as a safe and effective novel biologic to treat inflammatory diseases such as radiation injury and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

We produced a new tag-free rhMFG-E8 protein by cloning the human MFG-E8 full-length coding sequence without any fusion tag into a mammalian vector and expressed it in HEK293-derived cells. The construct includes the leader sequence of cystatin S to maximize secretion of rhMFG-E8 into the culture medium. After purification and confirmation of the protein identity, we first evaluated its biological activity in vitro. We then determined its efficacy in vivo utilizing two experimental rodent models of organ injury: partial body irradiation (PBI) and ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI.

Results

HEK293 cell supernatant containing tag-free rhMFG-E8 protein was concentrated, purified, and rhMFG-E8 was verified by SDS-PAGE analysis and mass spectrometry. The biological activity of human cell-expressed tag-free rhMFG-E8 was superior to that of E. coli-expressed His-tagged rhMFG-E8. Toxicity, stability, and pharmacokinetic studies indicate that tag-free rhMFG-E8 is safe, highly stable after lyophilization and long-term storage, and with an adequate half-life for therapeutic applications. In the PBI model, a dose-dependent improvement of the 30-day survival rate was observed after tag-free rhMFG-E8 treatment with a 30-day survival of 89%, which was significantly higher than the 25% survival in the vehicle group. The dose modification factor (DMF) of tag-free rhMFG-E8 was 1.073. Tag-free rhMFG-E8 also attenuated gastrointestinal damage after PBI. In the model of AKI, tag-free rhMFG-E8 treatment significantly attenuated kidney injury and inflammation, and improved the 10-day survival.

Conclusion

Our new human cell-expressed tag-free rhMFG-E8 can be further developed as a safe
and effective therapy to treat victims of severe acute radiation injury and patients with acute kidney injury.
Feasibility of Recruiting and Retaining Adolescents into a Prospective Cohort Study of the Effects of Social Isolation During COVID-19
Authors: Kim Kain , Jergel Andrew , Bai Shasha , Bradley Kolbi , Karim Brianna , Shah Amit , Suglia Shakira , Ugboh Ngozi , Gooding Holly C.
Published: May 2023

Background Social connection throughout the life course is increasingly understood as critically important for mental and physical health. We sought to investigate the feasibility of using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wearable accelerometers to characterize the effects of social isolation and/or loneliness experienced by adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental and physical health.Methods We recruited 19 participants ages 13–18 from an Adolescent Medicine practice in Atlanta, Georgia. Participants completed surveys at baseline regarding their degree of social isolation and loneliness, as well as their family functioning, school climate, social media use, and COVID-19 experiences. Participants reported on their social isolation, loneliness, social media use, and emotional state up to four times daily for the subsequent 2-week study period using EMA. We also requested participants wear an activity tracker and heart rate measurement device for 14 days to monitor their physical health. Participant feedback was collected via open-ended exit interviews. Feasibility of recruitment/retention, adherence, and exploratory outcome measures were investigated. The pre-specified progression criteria were a recruitment rate of > 30% and a retention rate of > 80%.Results Participants’ ages ranged from 14 to 18 years, and most (13 of 19) identified as female and as Black/African American (16 of 19). Progression criteria were met for recruitment of participants, but not retention. Only 6 participants returned the wearable devices. On average, participants contributed 12 days of EMA data and 8 days of activity tracker/heart rate data. In exploratory analyses, social isolation was correlated with lower school climate, higher COVID-19 experiences, higher depression scores, and lower sleep quality. Loneliness also showed correlation with all these factors except COVID-19 experiences.Conclusions Retention in a cohort study using EMA and wearable accelerometer use was not feasible in this population of adolescents recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline survey data did reveal important correlates of social isolation and loneliness that should be explored in future studies. Future research should further partner with adolescents to design longitudinal studies that mitigate barriers related to the pandemic and other factors on subject recruitment and retention.
A Novel c-Met/TRK inhibitor 1D228 efficiently inhibits tumor growth by targeting angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation.
Authors: An Baijiao , Nie Wenyan , Hu Jinhui , Fan Yangyang , Yao Han , Ren Yuanyuan , Zhao Yaxuan , Nie Haoran , Wang Mengxuan , Zhang Chuanchuan , Wei Mengna , Li Wei , Liu Jiadai , Yang Chunhua , Zhang Yin , li xingshu , Tian Geng
Published: May 2023

It has been reported that c-Met and TRK synergistically promote multiple tumour progression, and therefore blocking the cross-signalling pathway between them may inhibit the growth of multiple tumours. In this study, we developed a tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1D228, which exhibited great anti-tumor activity by targeting TRK and c-Met. In the in vitro models, 1D228 showed a significant better inhibition on cancer cell proliferation and migration than the similar drug tepotinib. In the in vivo tumor models, 1D228 showed robust anti-tumor effect on gastric (TGI, 1D228-8 mg/kg/d: 94.8%; tepotinib 8mg/kg/d: 67.61%) and liver (TGI, 1D228-4 mg/kg/d: 93.4%; tepotinib 4mg/kg/d: 63.9%) tumor growth. Importantly, compared with the combination of larotrectinib and tepotinib, 1D228 monotherapy showed stronger antitumor activity and lower toxicity. Mechanistic studies showed that 1D228 can largely inhibit the phosphorylation of TRK and c-Met, thereby blocking downstream signaling pathways of TRK and c-Met. Interestingly, both kinases can be co-expressed at high levels in patients with gastric cancer. Cell cycle analysis found that 1D228 induced G0/G1 arrest by inhibiting cyclin D1. In addition, vascular endothelial cells also showed a pronounced response to 1D228 due to its expression of TRKB and c-Met. 1D228 suppressed the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells, which are the key functions of tumor angiogenesis. By histology analysis from the in vivo tumor tissues, we confirmed that 1D228 induced cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor angiogenesis, leading to tumor growth retardation. Taken together, compound 1D228 may be a promising candidate for the next generation of c-Met and TRK inhibitors for cancer treatment, and offers a novel potential treatment strategy for gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Transfusion practice in Central Norway – a regional cohort study in patients suffering from major haemorrhage
Authors: Carlsen Marte Irene Skille , Brede Jostein Rødseth , Medby Christian , Uleberg Oddvar
Published: May 2023

Background
In patients with major hemorrhage, balanced transfusions and limited crystalloid use is recommended in both civilian and military guidelines. This transfusion strategy is often used in the non-trauma patient despite lack of supporting data. Aim of the study was to describe the current transfusion practice in patients with major hemorrhage of both traumatic and non-traumatic etiology in Central Norway and discuss if transfusions are in accordance with appropriate massive transfusion protocols.
Methods
In this retrospective observational cohort study, data from four hospitals in Central Norway was collected from 01.01.2017 to 31.12.2018. All adults (≥18 years) receiving massive transfusion (MT) and alive on admission were included. MT was defined as a transfusion of ≥ 10 units of packed red blood cells (PRBC) within 24 hours or ≥ 5 units of PRBC during the first three hours after admission to hospital. Clinical data were collected from the hospital blood bank registry (ProSang) and electronic patient charts (CareSuite PICIS). Patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery or extra corporeal membrane oxygenation treatment were excluded.
Results
A total of 174 patients were included in the study, of which 85.1% were non-trauma patients. Three quarters of all patients received plasma:PRBC in a ratio ≥ 1:2 (good practice), with no difference between the trauma and the non-trauma group (p=0.58). For the ratio of platelets:PRBC, 59.2% were transfused with ≥ 1:2 (good practice). There was no difference in blood transfusions between the trauma and non-trauma group (2273 mL versus 2309 mL, p=0.898). Mean fluid infusion of crystalloids in all patients were 6350 mL, with no difference between trauma and non-trauma group (p=0.137). Thirty-seven per cent of all patients received tranexamic acid, 53.4 % received calcium and fibrinogen was administered in 9.2%.
Conclusions
Most patients with major hemorrhage in Central Norway have a non-traumatic origin. Most patients are transfused with a high ratio of 1:2 plasma: PRBC and platelet:PRBC which is considered good practice. Crystalloids were administered liberally and there was a general underuse of adjunct medications such as tranexamic acid, calcium and fibrinogen.
Maximum extraction force of a cement-reinforced transsacral-2-sacral-wing screw
Authors: TONG Xinzhou , CHEN Lianglong , CHEN Yikai , ZHENG Yang , KANG Zhongshan , YANG Jinghai , LIU Jicheng , PENG Pan
Published: May 2023

Purpose To measure the maximum extraction force of cement-reinforced transsacral-2-sacral-wing screw fixation and to investigate the effectiveness of this internal fixation method.Methods Five adult cadaver specimens fixed with formaldehyde solution and moistened, as well as six fresh frozen cadavers, were utilized for this study. Three types of sacral screws were randomly placed on both sides of the same cadaveric specimen, including: (1) trans-sacral 2 sacral wing cement-reinforced screws (group S2); (2) S1-pedicle screws (group S1); and (3) sacral 2 sacroiliac screws (group S2AI). The immediate maximum extraction force values of the sacral screws in the three groups were recorded by applying axial extraction force to the screws. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA in SPSS 19.0, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. These findings provide insights into the biomechanical properties of sacral screws and could have implications for clinical applications.Results The maximum axial extraction force of the screws in group S2 was (521.80 ± 98.98) N; in group S1 was (843.16 ± 107.64) N; and in group S2AI was (536.04 ± 145.78) N. The results revealed that the maximum axial extraction force in group S1 was significantly stronger than that in groups S2 and S2AI (P < 0.001). In contrast, the maximum axial extraction force in groups S2 and S2AI was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Furthermore, in formaldehyde-fixed specimens, the maximum axial extraction force was significantly stronger in the S1 group than in the S2 and S2AI groups (P < 0.001), and in the S2 group than in the S2AI group (P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained in freshly frozen cadaveric specimens, where the maximum axial extraction force in group S1 was significantly stronger than that in groups S2 and S2AI (P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between groups S2 and S2AI (P > 0.05).Conclusion In formaldehyde-fixed cadaveric specimens, the maximum axial extraction force of cement-reinforced transsacral-2-sacral-wing screw fixation was lower than that of S1-pedicle screw fixation, but higher than that of sacral 2 sacroiliac screw fixation. However, in freshly frozen cadaveric specimens, the difference in maximum extraction force between the S2 and S2AI groups was not statistically significant. Biomechanical experiments demonstrated that cement-reinforced transsacral-2-sacral-wing screws exhibit a significant effect on anti-pullout force performance, and may offer strong distal fixation. These screws may be an alternative to provide an effective force for spinal pelvic fixation.
Charge Stripes in the Graphene-based Materials
Authors: Radic Danko , Grozic Petra , Keran Barbara , Kadigrobov Anatoly
Published: May 2023

We present an analytical model of the charge density wave instability in graphene sheets within the intercalated graphite CaC6 compound. The instability yields the experimentally observed uniaxial charge stripes of periodically modulated electron density, coupled to the softest phonon mode of the superlattice consisting of the Ca atoms intercalated between graphene planes. The Fermi surface of the chemically
doped graphene undergoes the novel type of instability driven
by the mechanism that gains the condensation energy of the stripe state by the topological reconstruction of the Fermi surface. This mechanism appears to be entirely different from the one based on the Fermi surface nesting, which has been considered a paradigm in the present literature concerning the onset of charge density waves.
Studies on the Effect of Process Parameter on Corrosion behaviour of Electron Beam Welded Ti-based Alloy (Ti6Al4V)
Authors: Singh Jeetendra Kumar , Roy Gour Gopal , Majumdar Jyotsna Dutta
Published: May 2023

The present work concerns understanding the effect of process parameters on the corrosion behavior (in a 3.56 wt.% NaCl Solution) of electron beam welded Ti6Al4V developed with an acceleration voltage of 60 kV, beam current varying from 42–48 mA, and welding speed ranging from 800–1000 mm/min. In addition, beam oscillation (1–2 mm) was employed for the samples processed with an applied voltage of 900 mm/min. and beam current of 45 mA. Electron beam welding leads to the formation of defect-free welding with the presence of α, α' martensite, and a few β phases in the microstructure. A detailed electron backscattered diffraction study shows that the area fractions of low/high angle grain boundaries vary with process parameters. The average Kernal average misorientation angle of the electron beam welded samples varies from 0.49 ̊ − 0.57 ̊ as compared to 0.40 ̊ for as-received Ti6Al4V. Potentiodynamic polarization study in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution shows a superior corrosion resistance for the samples welded with beam oscillation as compared to the case without any oscillation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement reveals the formation of a complex passivating film on the oxide surface. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the post-corroded samples shows the presence of titanium oxide (rutile and anatase) on the surface in the case of electron beam welded samples as compared to only anatase in as-received Ti6Al4V.
Predictive value of local control by 4'-[methyl-11C]-thiotymidine PET volume parameters in p16-negative oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ouchi Yohei , Kishino Takehito , Miyashita Takenori , Mori Terushige , Mitamura Katsuya , Norikane Takashi , Yamamoto Yuka , Hoshikawa Hiroshi
Published: May 2023

Purpose: We investigated the potential of baseline 4′-[methyl-11C]-thiothymidine ([11C]4DST) PET for predicting loco-regional control of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using volumetric parameters, such as SUVmax, proliferative tumor volume (PTV), and total lesion proliferation (TLP), of pretreatment [11C]4DST PET for 91 patients with HNSCC with primary lesions in the oral cavity, hypopharynx, supraglottis, and oropharynx, which included p16-negative patients. PTV and TLP were calculated for primary lesions and metastatic lymph nodes combined. We examined the association among the parameters and relapse-free survival and whether case selection focused on biological characteristics improved the accuracy of prognosis prediction.
Results: The area under the curves (AUCs) using PTV and TLP were high for the oropharyngeal/hypopharyngeal/supraglottis groups (0.91 and 0.87, respectively), whereas that of SUVmax was 0.66 (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the oral group had lower AUCs for PTV and TLP (0.72 and 0.77, respectively). When all cases were examined, the AUCs using PTV and TLP were 0.84 and 0.83, respectively.
Conclusion: Baseline [11C]4DST PET/CT volume-based parameters can provide important prognostic information with p16-negative oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and supraglottic cancer patients.
Loss of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27kip1 opens a
therapeutic window by deregulating pathway choice
after DNA double strand breaks
Authors: Malek Nisar , Bozko Przemyslaw , Bui Khac Cuong , Rahbari Mohammad , Mattern Sven , Missios Pavlos , Sulyok Mihály , Garcia-Beccaria Maria , Fernandez Mirian , Roessler Stephanie , Goeppert Benjamin , Götze Julian , Scholta Tim , Reuter Sebastian , Nguyen Thi Mai Ly , Toulany Mahmoud , Shi Ying , Riebold Mathias , Rudalska Ramona , Dauch Daniel , Zender Lars , Schirmacher Peter , Zips Daniel , Singer Stephan , Heikenwaelder Mattias
Published: May 2023

Reduced expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27kip1 is found in many human tumors and correlates with inferior prognosis. We tested the importance of p27 loss for the induction of genetic instability in Notch driven cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Specifically, we asked how loss of p27 interferes with DNA repair pathway choice i.e. non-homologous-end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). We detected all hallmarks of HR, in p27 deficient cells even though these cells had not undergone DNA replication. This defect in pathway choice depends on a previously unknown interaction of p27 with the RAD17 protein. In a cholangiocarcinoma mouse model loss of p27 greatly accelerated tumor formation but also resulted in a strikingly increased sensitivity against DNA damage response (DDR) targeting agents. We find that 30% of human CCC patients cluster in a group which corresponds to the DDR sensitive phenotype we have identified. In this work we show that the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27kip1 has an essential role in regulating the DNA damage response. This new activity of p27 is necessary to suppress homologous recombination-based DNA repair during the G1 phase. These findings point to a role of DDR targeting drugs in CCA with low levels of p27.
Bacterial communities in the potato tuberosphere share similarities with bulk soil and rhizosphere communities, yet possess distinct features
Authors: Voulgari Georgia , Schmalenberger Achim
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims
Bacterial communities in tuberospheres (soil attached to potato tubers) and levels of bacterial sulfur cycling in this compartment have been overlooked in healthy potato plants to date. Here, we aimed to describe the structure and composition of tuberosphere bacteriomes and its sulfur cycling capability using the rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial community characteristics as a reference.
Methods
We collected rhizosphere and tuberosphere soil along with bulk soil from two field grown potato varieties with different properties. Bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Bacterial sulfur cycling indicators were evaluated with cultivation dependent and independent methods and were correlated (Spearman) with the relative abundance of bacterial families.
Results
The structure of tuberosphere bacterial communities either overlapped with the bulk soil or had similarities with the rhizosphere. Relative abundance of specific bacterial families increased or decreased from bulk soil to tuberosphere and rhizosphere continuum. Tuberospheres had a tendency for higher arylsulfonate utilization compared to bulk soil. The families Sphindomonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae and Rhizobiaceae which presented a decline in their relative abundances from the rhizosphere to tuberosphere and bulk soil had positive correlations with sulfur cycling indicators.
Conclusion
Potato variety and soil characteristics played a role in structuring the tuberosphere bacterial communities. Tuberospheres represent a transitional environment between bulk soil and rhizosphere indicative from the intermediate relative abundances of specific bacterial families. A moderate stimulation of bacterial sulfur cycling activity in tuberospheres suggests that this microbial function may serve specific biological roles for potato tubers.