bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Gender Equality Messages on the Mubadalah.id Website
Authors: Ma'rifah Iza , Fanshoby Muhammad , Hermansah Tantan
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study aims to measure the optimization of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) on content containing gender equality values ​​on the mubadalah.id website. This research focuses on the editorial team's and writers' efforts to use SEO on the mubadalah.id website using Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) theory to optimize asynchronous communication. The values ​​of gender equality are seen from the perspective of Qira'ah Mubadalah, which has three indicators, namely a perspective (minzhar) that humanizes humans, a way of reading (qira'ah) reference texts by placing men and women as subjects and whole human beings, and ways of grouping (qa'idah) experiences, mutuality, or cooperation between men and women. This research uses interview and digital observation methods. The results show that mubadalah.id has a comprehensive SEO strategy, but there is still room for improvement in its implementation.
Collaboration of Artificial Intelligence and Journalists in Online Media from the Perspective of Human-Machine Communication
Authors: Rahmawati Fiqih
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the collaboration between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and journalists in online media using the Human-Machine Communication (HMC) approach. The research method used is a literature study. Data is processed using Miles and Huberman data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that AI is used in three primary stages of journalism: news gathering, news production, and news distribution. At the news gathering stage, AI assists journalists in collecting news materials from various sources and analyzing audience interest in specific topics. AI is used in news script creation, editing, and proofreading at the news production stage. AI chatbots and NLP programs help with automatic news writing and factual verification. Meanwhile, at the news distribution stage, AI is used for content personalization, news recommendations, and SEO optimization in online media. From the HMC perspective, collaboration between AI and journalists can be conceptualized as a unidirectional and two-way process. Collaboration between AI and journalists in a social context also occurs at the micro, meso, and macro levels, where interactions between humans and machines affect the social situation, the immediate reality of individuals, and the structure of society as a whole.
Spinal pain prevalence and associated determinants: A population‐based study using the National Survey for Wales
Authors: Byfield David C. , Stacey Benjamin S. , Evans Hywel T. , Farr Ian W. , Yandle Leon , Roberts Lora , Filipponi Teresa , Bailey Damian M.
Published: October 2024

Spinal pain (SP) remains the leading cause of disability worldwide. The present study aimed to establish a current prevalence of SP and associated determinants in Wales by retrospectively analyzing data from the National Survey for Wales Dataset (NSWD). The NSWD is a large‐scale cross‐sectional, representative sample of adults across Wales, UK. A univariable and multivariable regression analysis was carried out on self‐reported answers to health and well‐being questions contained within the NSWD (2016–2020) to determine the strength of association of various determinants and comorbidities related to spinal pain. A total population of 38,954 of adults were included in the analysis. The study population included interview responses of 21,735 females and 17,219 males. The prevalence of SP in Wales was 4.95% (95% CI: 4.74%–5.15%) with a total of 847 males (4.92%, CI: 4.60%–5.24%) and 1082 females (4.98%, CI: 4.69%–5.27%) reporting spinal pain. The age group with the highest prevalence of SP was in the 70+ years age group for both males (5.44%, CI: 4.82%–6.07%) and females (5.95%, CI: 5.37%–6.54%). The strength of association between age and SP reaches its peak at 50–59 years with an adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of 3.74 (p = <0.001), that decreases slightly at 60–69 years and 70+ years. For various comorbidities included in the NSWD, significant associations with SP were confirmed for: mental illness (aOR = 1.42, p = <0.001), migraine (aOR = 2.73, p = <0.001), nervous system issues (aOR = 1.61, p = <0.001), arthritis (aOR = 1.30, p = <0.001) and issues with bones/joints/muscles (aOR = 1.93, p = <0.001). For lifestyle factors, associations were confirmed for current smokers (aOR = 1.41, p = <0.001) and ex‐smokers (aOR = 1.23, p = 0.003). This study demonstrates a low prevalence of SP in Wales when compared to global estimates and strong associations to a variety of determinants. This still represents a significant societal burden and these findings may help inform public health initiatives to encourage prevention and evidence‐based interventional strategies and ultimately, improve the quality of life for those suffering with SP in Wales.
Reverse epidemiology of obesity paradox: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Kishore Bellamkonda K.
Published: October 2024

Obesity paradox refers to the clinical observation that when acute cardiovascular decompensation occurs, patients with obesity may have a survival benefit. This apparently runs counter to the epidemiology of obesity, which may increase the risk for non‐communicable diseases (NCDs). The scientific community is split on obesity paradox, with some supporting it, while others call it BMI paradox. This review: (a) defines the obesity paradox, and its proposed role in overall mortality in NCDs; (b) delineates evidence for and against obesity paradox; (c) presents the importance of using different indices of body mass to assess the risk in NCDs; (d) examines the role of metabolically healthy obesity in obesity paradox, and emerging importance of cardio‐respiratory fitness (CRF) as an independent predictor of CVD risk and all‐cause mortality in patients with/without obesity. Evidence suggests that the development of obesity and insulin resistance are influenced by genetic (or ethnic) make up and dietary habits (culture) of the individuals. Hence, this review presents lean diabetes, which has higher total CVD and non‐CVD mortality as compared to diabetics with obesity and the possibility of maternal factors programming cardiometabolic risk during fetal development, which may lead to a paradigm shift in our understanding of obesity.
Validation of a triiodothyronine (T3) ELISA for mouse fecal samples
Authors: Thompson Lucia M. , Coulter Brailey M. , VanPutte Cinnamon L.
Published: October 2024

Acquiring sufficient blood for hormone analysis in mice can be a limiting step. Hormone analysis techniques using non‐invasive sample collection have been vigorously developed for endangered species, from whom blood sampling is prohibited, or from species that are otherwise difficult to handle in a laboratory setting. Because there are interactions between glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), reducing the animal's “distress” during sample collection is imperative. Measurement of fecal T3 provides less sensitive, baseline information regarding thyroid function while permitting a non‐invasive technique for more frequent sampling. We demonstrated that using a methanol extraction protocol produced the most reliable fecal T3 measurement in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that during a thyroid hormone‐treated state, fecal and plasma T3 measurements from mice are directly related, while during a methimazole‐treated state, fecal and plasma T3 measurements from mice are inversely related. Fecal samples are a useful way to monitor thyroid hormone function in laboratory mice.
Examining the effect of salbutamol use in ozone air pollution by people with exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Stothers Bennett T. , Hung Andy , Gonçalves Patric E. O. , Pei Lulu X. , van de Kerkhof Tessa , Arnold Jem I. , Harris Owen D. , Borduas‐Dedekind Nadine , Sheel Andrew W. , Koehle Michael S.
Published: October 2024

Previous studies based on animal models have raised concerns about salbutamol use in ozone air pollution with regard to ozone related lung injury. We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover study including 18 subjects diagnosed with EIB by a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) test. Participants completed 30 min of standardized moderate to vigorous exercise in four conditions: ozone plus salbutamol; room air plus salbutamol; ozone plus placebo medication; and room air plus placebo medication. Spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and symptoms were measured before, immediately after, 30 min after and 1 h after exercise. Measurements between the four conditions were compared using percent change from pre to post exercise. There was a statistically significant difference between the salbutamol and placebo medication groups for spirometric variables including FEV1 (Estimate = 6.3, 95% CI: 4.23–8.37, p < 0.001). No differences were observed between ozone and room air exposures. There were no significant differences in FeNO response between experimental conditions. We found that salbutamol improved pulmonary function in individuals with EIB when exercising in ozone and did not increase eosinophilic airway inflammation as indicated by FeNO. This evidence suggests that it is safe for people with EIB to continue to use salbutamol as prescribed when ozone levels are elevated.
The Too-Big-to-Fail Premium in Tier-2 Capital Bonds and Additional Tier-1 Capital Bonds Primary Markets: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Le
Published: October 2024

This study examines the too-big-to-fail expectations in the primary market issuance spreads of commercial bank tier-2 capital bonds and additional tier-1 capital bonds in China. Using a sample of 574 issuances with total amount of 4.76 trillion RMB (749 billion USD), we conduct median regressions with the issuance spreads as the dependent variable. The coefficients of DSIB and GSIB are negative and statistically significant at 1% and 5% levels respectively in the full sample, and are negative and statistically significant at 1% level in the subsample after the guidance on asset management businesses was announced. Ceteris paribus, the issuance spreads of capital bonds of systemically important banks are 15.2 bps to 19.7 bps lower than those issued by other banks. The too-big-to-fail expectations and implicit guarantee of systemically important banks in the Chinese bond market, which narrow the primary market spreads of capital bonds issued by systemically important banks, may account for the results. To address the potential endogeneity issues, we use 90% quantile and 95% quantile of sample bank consolidated assets as proxies of systemic importance, and use China Development Bank bond yields to calculate issuance spreads, and the results show that the conclusion is robust.
Drivers of Portfolio Flows into Chinese Debt Securities Amidst China’s Bond Market Development
Authors: McCully Tuuli
Published: October 2024

The paper focuses on China’s onshore bond market and the drivers of non-resident net portfolio flows into Chinese debt securities. Following a review of China’s bond market, a simple theoretical model of push and pull factors driving bond flows is built. It represents a foundation for the empirical analysis on drivers of bond flows into China. Static and time-varying models are estimated to explain the importance of push and pull factors in China’s bond market. While China-specific pull factors, such as domestic economic growth and asset returns, are important drivers of flows, the results reveal that global push factors, such as US interest rates and risk aversion, have recently gained significance as drivers of flows into China. The results confirm China’s continued bond market deepening and integration with the rest of the world, which may have financial stability implications. Therefore, increased awareness regarding bond market developments in China is warranted.
The Connections among the US, China and Russia through Safe Assets
Authors: Wang Rongyu
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the following problem: how debt chains sewed through government bonds are operated under either full commitment or limited commitment of the valuation of the debt by bond issuing countries. This paper takes the debt relationship of the US, China and Russia as an example to study the problem. This paper finds that even under the full commitment situation, the debt chain is hard to maintain in some circumstances. In the limited-commitment situation, even if safe asset issuance is a reflection of a country’s financial power, because China’s safe asset issued to Russia is denoted by USD, whether or not China encounters Triffin dilemma is ultimately determined by the US.
Research on How the Digital Economy Contributes to Achieving A High-Level and Balanced Development of the Elderly Care Service Industry
Authors: Xia Jiechang , Chen Ting
Published: October 2024

China’s aging population has gained significant attention. Population aging implies that the demand for elderly care services will be on the rise. However, China’s aging exhibits a notable characteristic of getting old prior to achieving affluence, which directly constrains the enhancement of the level of elderly care services. The Communist Party of China and the government attach considerable importance to the issue of population aging and pensions. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee adopted the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Style Modernization, emphasizing that “we should actively respond to population aging and improve the development of elderly care and elderly care industry policy mechanisms.” Regarding the supply of pension services, due to the professional and long-term nature of pension services, the supply cost remains high. The contradiction between the low level of demand and the high cost of supply might lead to the “low-level equilibrium trap” of the elderly service industry. The digital economy has achieved remarkable effects in promoting the elderly care service industry. It has played a vital role in optimizing the allocation of elderly care resources, reducing the cost of elderly care services, and creating a superior elderly care ecosystem. In this context, it holds considerable academic value and practical significance to study the impact of the digital economy on the development of pension service industry, to analyze the digital divide and bridge the path for the development of the pension service industry, and to explore the countermeasures and ideas of the digital economy to facilitate the high-level, balanced, and high-quality development of the pension service industry.
Applying machine learning for biomass gasification prediction: enhancing efficiency and sustainability
Authors: Tai Chang , Xiong Shasha
Published: October 2024

In the contemporary era, marked by the increasing significance of sustainable energy sources, biomass gasification emerges as a highly promising technology for converting organic materials into valuable fuel, offering an environmentally friendly approach that not only mitigates waste but also addresses the growing energy demands. However, the effectiveness of biomass gasification is intricately tied to its predictability and efficiency, presenting a substantial challenge in achieving optimal operational parameters for this complex process. It is at this precise juncture that machine learning assumes a pivotal role, initiating a transformative paradigm shift in the approach to biomass gasification. This article delves into the convergence of machine learning and the prediction of biomass gasification and introduces two innovative hybrid models that amalgamate the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm with Coot Optimization Algorithm (COA) and Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WaOA). These models harness nearby biomass data to forecast the elemental compositions of CH4 and C2Hn, thereby enhancing the precision and practicality of biomass gasification predictions, offering potential solutions to the intricate challenges within the domain. The SVWO model (SVR optimized with WaOA) is an effective tool for predicting these elemental compositions. SVWO exhibited outstanding performance with notable R
2 values of 0.992 for CH4 and 0.994 for C2Hn, emphasizing its exceptional accuracy. Additionally, the minimal RMSE values of 0.317 for CH4 and 0.136 for C2Hn underscore the precision of SVWO. This accuracy in SVWO’s predictions affirms its suitability for practical, real-world applications.
Responses of teachers in Scotland to the reintroduction of the practical project in the advanced higher chemistry curriculum
Authors: Traynor Erin , Scott Fraser J. , Thomson Patrick I. T.
Published: October 2024

Many pupils who study chemistry in Scotland and intend to progress to university undertake a final capstone practical research project as part of their Advanced Higher chemistry qualification. This project work was suspended for several years due to COVID-19, then reintroduced in 2023/24. We surveyed 47 Scottish teachers during this first project year using a mixed-methods survey, and found that resource availability had the biggest impact on projects, with over half of respondents reporting that they asked pupils to buy materials and a third committing their own money. Technician support was seen as critical to success, but project selection was heavily curtailed by the availability of existing equipment or chemicals, even as teachers made good use of available professional development and other forms of support. We finally make recommendations around the resourcing of project work and teacher/technician CPD provision.
A general recipe to observe non-Abelian gauge field in metamaterials
Authors: Liu Bingbing , Xu Tao , Hang Zhi Hong
Published: October 2024

Recent research on non-Abelian phenomena has cast a new perspective on controlling light. In this work, we provide a simple and general approach to induce non-Abelian gauge field to tremble the light beam trajectory. With in-plane duality symmetry relaxed, our theoretical analysis finds that non-Abelian electric field can be synthesized through a simple real-space rotation of any biaxial material. With orthogonal optical modes excited, their interference leads to an oscillation of the propagating optical beam, which is a direct consequence of the emergence of non-Abelian electric field, influencing light in a manner similar with how electric fields act on charged particles. Our microwave experiments provide unambiguous evidence to the observation of such an optical Zitterbewegung effect where excellent agreement can be found between theorical derivation, numerical simulations and experiments. By extending the idea to optical regime using natural material, we here provide another example to shake the general intuition that light travels in straight lines in homogeneous media.
Leveraging multiplexed metasurfaces for multi-task learning with all-optical diffractive processors
Authors: Behroozinia Sahar , Gu Qing
Published: October 2024

Diffractive Neural Networks (DNNs) leverage the power of light to enhance computational performance in machine learning, offering a pathway to high-speed, low-energy, and large-scale neural information processing. However, most existing DNN architectures are optimized for single tasks and thus lack the flexibility required for the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks within a unified artificial intelligence platform. In this work, we utilize the polarization and wavelength degrees of freedom of light to achieve optical multi-task identification using the MNIST, FMNIST, and KMNIST datasets. Employing bilayer cascaded metasurfaces, we construct dual-channel DNNs capable of simultaneously classifying two tasks, using polarization and wavelength multiplexing schemes through a meta-atom library. Numerical evaluations demonstrate performance accuracies comparable to those of individually trained single-channel, single-task DNNs. Extending this approach to three-task parallel recognition reveals an expected performance decline yet maintains satisfactory classification accuracies of greater than 80 % for all tasks. We further introduce a novel end-to-end joint optimization framework to redesign the three-task classifier, demonstrating substantial improvements over the meta-atom library design and offering the potential for future multi-channel DNN designs. Our study could pave the way for the development of ultrathin, high-speed, and high-throughput optical neural computing systems.
The crystal structure of (9H-thioxanthen-9- ylidene)hydrazine monohydrate, C13H11N2SO0.5
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhai Li-Wen , Zuo Jing-Jing , Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Lin
Published: October 2024

C13H10N2S, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 30.55(2) Å, b = 7.760(6) Å, c = 9.622(7) Å, V = 2,281(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1033, T = 296(2) K.
The Capability Approach and Archaeological Interpretation of Transformations: On the Role of Philosophy for Archaeology
Authors: Arponen V. P. J. , Ohlrau René , Kerig Tim
Published: October 2024

Over its history, archaeology has seen a varied set of uses made of philosophy and philosophical concepts. A persistent critique has been that too often philosophical or more generally theoretical debates have made little difference in terms of empirical archaeological work and interpretation. In this article, we present results from an interdisciplinary study on the operationalisation of the Capability Approach in archaeology. We trace some of its implications as regards the understanding of identity and social organisation in archaeology and represent a model by way of which the Capability Approach can be operationalised in archaeology with the Cucuteni-Trypillia societies from 5050 to 2950 BCE as our case study. An analytic scheme is developed that relates archaeological categories to those of the United Nation’s Human Development Index.
Dielectric characteristics of Mediterranean lignocellulosic fibers for functional biocomposite materials
Authors: AL-Oqla Faris M. , Nawafleh Nashat
Published: October 2024

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the dielectric properties of lignocellulosic fibers, a unique kind of natural fiber prevalent in the Mediterranean area. Comprehensive investigations were undertaken to determine the suitability of these fibers for functional biomaterials and to reveal their potential capabilities comparable to those commonly used in other parts of the world. More exploration of the electrical characteristics of agricultural waste fibers may lead to the development and improvement of a more comprehensive knowledge on their use in the production of practical eco-products. This will provide novel opportunities for ecologically conscious design. Based on the introduction of natural fibers and their advantages in biomaterials, this study will examine the parallel plate capacitor approach to assess the dielectric properties of biological fibers. Subsequently, the impact of maleic anhydride on the dielectric properties of natural fiber composites was demonstrated as a focused case study. Therefore, it is possible to develop a suitable database for the selection of visually appealing materials in order to enhance comprehensive knowledge of the intrinsic electrical properties and attributes of these materials. Consequently, this would result in the development of more practical strategies for designing environmentally friendly products in bio-electronics and the identification of novel biomaterials with potential applications in electronics.
Mothballing as a Predatory Strategy
Authors: Lambin Xavier
Published: October 2024

The deregulation of the electricity sector in Europe since the early 1990s led to new challenges. In particular, investors are increasingly exposed to risk and mothballing is an option of increasing interest and regulatory scrutiny. I argue that mothballing can be used to avoid losing the war of attrition of a standard exit game, by decreasing the value of rivals and driving them to quit earlier than if the plant was retired. I describe this phenomenon through the lens of simple game-theoretical settings, and propose a real-options game-theoretic model to describe and quantify the effects of mothballing.
What I Like! The Joint Impact of Attitude, Perceived Quality, and Experience on Brand Loyalty: Semi-Parametric Additive Mixed Modeling
Authors: Höfling T. Tim A. , Walter Nadine , Kuhlenkasper Torben , Alpers Georg W.
Published: October 2024

Several psychological brand performance indicators that predict a brand’s intermediate market share have been identified. So far, rating studies have exclusively investigated brand effects in terms of linear relationships, and their specific and possibly nonlinear interactions have yet to be examined in comparison. Hence, we investigated the relative importance of three well-established psychological performance indicators, attitude toward the brand, perceived quality, and brand experience, in predicting brand loyalty. A sample of 1,077 participants completed an online survey and rated subsets of 105 international brands from various product and service industries. Relations between attitude, perceived quality, and experience in predicting loyalty toward a brand were analyzed using semi-parametric additive mixed regression models. We replicated that all three predictors significantly impacted brand loyalty and revealed a pronounced nonlinear relationship between attitude and loyalty. The inclusion of nonlinear interactions between predictors improved model fit. In particular, the nonlinear interaction between perceived quality and attitude substantially impacted brand loyalty. In addition, these effects differ by type of industry, specifically fast-moving consumer goods, automotive, fashion, electronics, and finance/insurance. These findings draw attention to nonlinear patterns between specific psychological features of brands. Future research should address nonlinear effects and the specific interactions of other essential predictors of brand equity.
Complex weight distinctions in Harmonic Serialism
Authors: Al-Mohanna Faisal
Published: October 2024

A number of the quantity-sensitive stress systems which are characterised by complex weight distinctions have often proven challenging for parallel constraint-based metrical frameworks. A number of parallel-OT accounts are proposed to explain stress systems with multi-level weight hierarchies, in which syllables with long vowels (CVV) are more prominent than closed syllables (CVC), and closed syllables are more prominent than short open syllables (CV). The majority of these accounts are either inadequate or implausible. This paper seeks to provide an alternative account of stress systems with complex weight distinctions. Gradual prosodification, as an application of Harmonic Serialism, is the proposed framework for analysis. Maintaining gradualness and harmonic improvement in prosodic structure across the different steps of the derivation is deemed to be sufficient to achieve the required effects. The realisation of the various prominence relations illustrated in those multi-level weight hierarchies is considered to be an epiphenomenon of the sequential application of independently motivated prosodification processes, such as coda consonant moraification and foot construction. The proposed gradual prosodification model is applied to the stress systems of Kashmiri and Pulaar, that have identical algorithms for primary stress assignment, in addition to the secondary stress patten attested in Pulaar.
Empire from Another Angle: Queer Pleasures of Art in Statius, Silvae 4.6
Authors: Dufallo Basil
Published: October 2024

Recent work on Statius’s Silvae has emphasized the poet’s efforts to create “intimacy” with his private patrons through espousing a value system based on friendship, connoisseurship, and shared literary interests, a system opposed to the public values of political ambition and the blunt glorification of military power in imperial expansion. This essay, however, argues that we have yet to comprehend the extent to which the dynamics of empire itself inform the creation of such intimacy in the Silvae. Specifically, what Sara Ahmed has described as empire’s “queering” effect on the subject’s relation to objects of desire has a formative role in Statian intimacy. I focus on one of the Silvae that has been central to the formation of the current view of Statius outlined above: Silvae 4.6, on a Hercules statuette owned by Novius Vindex but previously the possession of three empire-builders, Alexander, Hannibal, and Sulla.
Cicero’s Ad Familiares Book Four and the Hermeneutics of the Pro Marcello
Authors: Kish Nathan
Published: October 2024

Regarding Cicero’s “sincerity” in the Pro Marcello (46 BCE), interpretative ore resides in Ad familiares 4.4, an artfully composed letter to Servius Sulpicius from fall 46, preserved in a posthumously edited letter-book (Ad familiares Book 4) about civil war and its aftermath. In these minor-key renditions of the dramatic senate scene, Caesar’s pardon of Marcellus, and Cicero’s subsequent speech of thanks, darker themes evoke dissonant, despondent voicings, and Cicero’s response to Caesar’s act rings less sincere than ironic. Read in this vein, Fam. 4.4 reveals the different roles Cicero performs in speech and letter—wise counselor, despairing dissident—and the issue becomes Cicero’s performance of sincerity in context, as well as the editor’s framing of Cicero’s report of his performance. Indeed, these three texts—speech, letter, letter in letter-book—constitute diverse configurations of a single historical event, and the variance among them yields a richer find in the sediments of Roman history.
Percursos metodológicos para o desenvolvimento, avaliação ou validação de serious games sobre neonatologia: revisão integrativa
Authors: Moreira André Ricardo , Nascimento Eliane Regina Pereira do , Malfussi Luciana Bihain Hagemann de , Costa Roberta , Nascimento Keyla Cristiane do , Acosta Adriano da Silva , Lohn Arilene
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: analisar os percursos metodológicos utilizados no desenvolvimento, na avaliação e/ou validação dos serious games sobre neonatologia. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF, SCIELO. Selecionaram-se estudos publicados de 2010 a 2024, com percursos metodológicos utilizados nos serious games. Resultados: identificaram-se 10 estudos. O desenvolvimento dos serious games considerou público-alvo, revisão da literatura e rotina profissional. A avaliação ocorreu com pré/pós-testes, questionários, feedback de especialistas e usuários. Estudos validaram os games utilizando instrumento validado e questionário avaliativo, escala tipo Likert. Utilizou- -se índice de validade de conteúdo. Conclusão: predominaram estudos metodológicos, quantitativos, desenvolvidos com base nas necessidades identificadas pelos participantes, evidências científicas e situações vivenciadas pelos profissionais. Maior parte dos games foram submetidos à etapa de avaliação. Entretanto, a validação foi descrita em cinco estudos. A simulação foi base para ensino da reanimação neonatal. Contribuições para a prática: contribui para o desenvolvimento de diretrizes que auxiliem pesquisadores na criação de tecnologias digitais fundamentadas em evidências científicas, qualificando o cuidado prestado aos recém-nascidos, e oferecer insights valiosos para a prática clínica e formação profissional, evidenciando lacunas, e oportunidades para futuras investigações sobre a integração de jogos digitais na educação em saúde.
Diabetic ketoacidosis as first presentation of undiagnosed pancreatic cancer in an octogenarian
Authors: Le Minh V , Fourlanos Spiros , Barmanray Rahul D
Published: October 2024

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that can theoretically occur in people of any age. While DKA can typically be the first presentation of type 1 DM in younger people, a first presentation is rare in older adults. Pancreatic cancer often manifests with new DM or hyperglycaemia, but very rarely as DKA. We report a case of an 89-year-old woman who was incidentally diagnosed with DKA during workup for an unwitnessed fall. Her DKA was promptly managed, and she was subsequently diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Given the advanced stage of her malignancy, the multidisciplinary team consensus was for a palliative approach. She passed away on day 10 of the admission. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a first DKA presentation as a manifestation of pancreatic cancer in an adult aged over 70 years. To date, there is no effective screening test for pancreatic cancer in the general population. However, new-onset DM in the appropriate context might indicate the need for further evaluation. While it is possible that unresectable tumours are identified, earlier diagnosis of DM with pancreatic cancer may facilitate more timely management, including earlier advanced care planning.

Learning points

A higher clinical suspicion for pancreatic cancer is required for older adults presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis without a previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus.

A bi-directional relationship exists between diabetes and pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer generally has a very poor prognosis due to its advanced stage at diagnosis and the lack of an effective screening test.

New-onset diabetes in the appropriate context (such as weight loss) can indicate the need for further evaluation for underlying pancreatic cancer.
Decreased miR-486-5p is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell dysfunction by promoting SMAD2 expression
Authors: Gu Yan , Chen Ling-Han , Yang Long , Shi Yan , Xu Hao-Lan , Xin Ya-Wei , Song Ning , Gu Wen-Wen , Wang Jian
Published: October 2024

In brief

Insufficiency of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell invasion is implicated in pregnancy complications. This study reveals the roles of the miR-486-5p/Smad2 pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced EVT dysfunctions and in the pathogenesis of early pregnancy loss (EPL).

Placenta-associated pathologies, including EPL and preeclampsia, are characterized by insufficient EVT invasion. Previously, downregulated miR-486-5p expression was shown to inhibit the invasion of EVTs, and decreased peripheral miR-486-5p expression was associated with EPL. However, the exact roles of miR-486-5p in the pathogenesis of EPL, as well as the molecular pathway underlying the role of miR-486-5p in EVT invasion, remain poorly understood. In this study, decreased miR-486-5p expression in the uterine embryo implantation site on gestational day 8.5 and increased uterine expression of Smad2, a target of miR-486-5p, were observed in an LPS-induced EPL model. The invasion and viability of the immortalized human EVT line, HTR-8/SVneo, were inhibited by LPS, accompanied by reduced miR-486-5p expression. LPS promoted Smad2 expression, which was attenuated by the miR-486-5p mimics. The downregulation of Smad2 effectively restored the impaired invasion and viability of HTR-8/SVneo cells caused by LPS or the miR-486-5p inhibitor. Furthermore, LPS promoted TNFα production in HTR-8/SVneo cells, whereas both siSMAD2 and miR-486-5p mimics reversed this effect. An analysis of human decidua single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome datasets derived from Gene Expression Omnibus revealed that, compared with that in control early pregnant women, SMAD2 expression was significantly increased in recurrent miscarriage patients. Collectively, these data suggest that decreased miR-486-5p expression might lead to EPL, at least partially by inhibiting invasion and/or promoting TNFα production in EVTs by targeting SMAD2.
Pancreatic Ultrasound in High-risk Neonates
Authors: ELMeneza Safaa A. , Hassan Naglaa F. , Mohamed Aisha R.
Published: October 2024

Pancreatic ultrasound is employed to assess the structure of the organ and diagnose various conditions. However, analyses of pancreatic images of high-risk newborn infants are scarce.

Aim of the study: to investigate pancreatic echogenicity in high-risk neonates and evaluate the association between pancreatic echogenicity and clinical diagnosis.

Materials and methods. This prospective observational case-control ultrasound study included 105 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit or outpatient. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (high-risk), which included 55 high-risk neonates, and group 2 (control), which included 50 neonates of comparable age with no history of high-risk pregnancy or delivery who were presented for medical consultation. Abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed, with a focus on the pancreas. Pancreatic echogenicity was classified as hyperechoic, isoechoic, or hypoechoic, relative to the liver.

Results. No significant difference in pancreatic size was observed between the high-risk and control groups. A significant predominance of hyperechogenicity over hypoechogenicity or isoechogenicity was found in the high-risk group. A significant difference in echogenicity was found between the high-risk and control groups (P=0.0001). Neonates in the control group were more likely to have pancreatic isoechogenicity (60%) compared to hyperechogenicity (34%) or hypoechogenicity (6%). In the high-risk group, neonates had a higher frequency of pancreatic hyperechogenicity (72.72%) compared to hypoechogenicity (10.9%) or isoechogenicity (16.36%). Notably, 83.3% of infants born to diabetic mothers had a hypoechogenic pattern. Certain high-risk infants, such as preterm infants and those with perinatal asphyxia, had a higher frequency of hyperechogenicity (83.3%). The percentage of hypoechoic pattern was comparable in male and female newborns (50%); isoechoic pattern was more prevalent in females (77.3%) than in males (22.2%), while males had a more frequent hyperechoic pattern (57.5%).

Conclusion. Evaluation of the pancreas in high-risk neonates and monitoring of long-term outcomes are of critical importance, especially in the infants of diabetic mothers.
Procedural Complications of Central Venous Catheter Placement in Pediatric Oncology Practice (a Clinical Case Series)
Authors: Shchukin Vladislav V. , Leonov Nikolay P. , Spiridonova Elena A. , Selivanov Vladimir V. , Dergunova Ekaterina V. , Novichkova Galina A. , Myakova Natalia V. , Grachev Nikolay S. , Bykov Mikhail V. , Bystrova Anastasia A. , Grigoryan Rina S. , Matinyan Nune V. , Petrushin Anton V. , Loaisa Hugo
Published: October 2024

The availability of central venous access is the cornerstone of contemporary pediatric oncology and hematology. As a result, the percentage of pediatric patients receiving infusion chemotherapy who require a central line remains high. Central venous catheter insertion can be associated with procedural complications, including life-threatening ones.

Aim — to investigate the potential factors leading to complications during central venous catheterization in order to develop preventive strategies.

Materials and methods. The study included 1,512 original cases of patients aged 1 month to 20 years treated at the D. Rogachev National Research Medical Center between 2019 and 2022. The following 10 complications were examined: failed first venipuncture attempt, guidewire/catheter malpositioning, guidewire knotting, lifethreatening arrhythmias, guidewire entrapment in the trabecular network of the right ventricle, arterial puncture, pneumothorax, hemothorax, puncture of lung parenchyma, Horner's syndrome. In addition, four rare complications were noted, including phrenic nerve injury, cardiac tamponade, alveolar hemorrhage, and arterial pseudoaneurysm.

Results. The primary cause of all complications was direct mechanical injury to anatomical structures by a needle or guidewire/catheter. When inadvertent vascular injury and bleeding occur, the resulting hematoma may lead to further damage by compressing soft tissues. Excessively deep insertion of the guidewire may cause its knotting or cardiac arrhythmias. Adequate physician training and strict adherence to procedural protocols are essential to avoid these complications.

Conclusion. Central venous catheterization remains a procedure with potential complications. Although ultrasound guidance does not eliminate all risks, it increases the likelihood of successful venipuncture at the first attempt, thereby reducing complication rates. Recognizing the potential causes of procedural complications during central venous access placement, including uncommon ones, facilitates early diagnosis and appropriate medical intervention.
Effective Ventilation Mode in Early Neonatal Sepsis, Bilateral Pneumonia, and Pulmonary Hypertension in a Very Low Birth Weight Newborn (Case Report)
Authors: Lukashev Konstantin V. , Nuzhdin Alexander I. , Emikh Alexey T. , Grishina Anna N. , Zorina Elena B. , Shleicher Nikolay V. , Kan Sergey L. , Kovaleva Yulia V.
Published: October 2024

The aim was to demonstrate an alternative approach to respiratory therapy in respiratory failure complicated by pulmonary hypertension when conventional ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation are ineffective.

Patient and study methods. We analyzed laboratory data, ventilatory parameters and hemodynamic parameters during ventilation in a child with birth weight of 1300 grams and respiratory failure complicated by pulmonary hypertension. Dynamic selection of parameters and modes of pulmonary ventilation with transition to Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) mode is presented. Chest radiography and echocardiography were used.

Results. The use of APRV mode when traditional approaches were ineffective allowed «stabilization» of the lungs by alveolar recruitment without deep sedation and muscle relaxation. On day 20 after birth, the infant was weaned. On day 29, the infant was transferred to the neonatal pathology unit for further management, and on day 49, the infant was discharged in stable condition.

Conclusion. In neonates with severe respiratory failure, the use of the APRV mode as an alternative to ineffective conventional ventilation requires further investigation and the development of guidelines for its use.
The Effect of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Management of Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia Developed after Fontan Procedure (Case Report)
Authors: Anikina Olga S. , Soynov Ilya A. , Velyukhanov Ilya A. , Suzdalova Olga A. , Kulyabin Yuri Yu. , Sergeev Stanislav A. , Arkhipov Alexey N. , Kornilov Igor A.
Published: October 2024

Aim: to evaluate the effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a life support in the treatment of a patient with refractory ventricular tachycardia developed after Fontan procedure. 

Patient and treatment. A 4-year-old child developed refractory ventricular tachycardia (up to 250 bpm) and hemodynamic depression 18 hours after the Fontan procedure. After the failure of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and antiarrhythmic therapy, resternotomy with central venoarterial (VA) ECMO support was performed, followed by diagnostic angiocardiography. Contrast-enhanced cavopulmonary angiography revealed stenosis of the left pulmonary artery, which was treated with balloon angioplasty and stenting.

Results. Ventricular tachycardia resolved and sinus rhythm was restored within 24 hours after left pulmonary artery stenting, supported by continuous ECMO and antiarrhythmic therapy. On day 3, transthoracic echocardiography showed good single ventricle contractility after a trial weaning from ECMO. As a result, the ECMO support was removed and the sternum sutured. The patient was discharged from the hospital on day 47 in stable condition.

Conclusion. The prompt initiation of VA ECMO support in a 4-year old patient with refractory ventricular tachycardia post-Fontan procedure along with the complex management of post-procedural residual tachycardia using a combination of antiarrhythmic agents helped restoring sinus rhythm and could contribute to preventing neurological complications.
La escultura monumental del s. xx: La experiencia mexicana
Authors: Cerceda Miguel
Published: October 2024

La escultura monumental es víctima de un olvido monumental. A pesar de que los grandes monumentos son conocidos y reconocidos por el público, muy pocos sabrían identificar a sus autores. En el caso de México, esto es particularmente evidente. Pues, a pesar de que el programa artístico de la Revolución apostó tanto por la escultura monumental, como por el muralismo, al final, solo los grandes muralistas mexicanos (Rivera, Siqueiros y Orozco) han alcanzado reconocimiento, mientras que los grandes escultores han pasado al olvido. Este libro se enmarca en un proyecto general de reconstrucción de la historia de la escultura monumental del s. XX, pero toma la experiencia mexicana como un modelo paradigmático de la evolución del monumento y de la propia historia del arte en Occidente. Por un lado, se ocupa de la gran escultura monumental vinculada a la Revolución y, por otro, de la evolución del monumento público, a partir de la irrupción de la obra de Mathias Goeritz. En torno a Goeritz floreció en México un nutrido grupo de grandes artistas que llevó el modelo del artefacto monumental a su conclusión.
MOBILITY OF TRIARYLMETHYL RADICALS IN WATER-GLYCEROL AND WATER-TREHALOSE MEDIA
Authors: A.E. RAIZVIKH , K.A. LOMANOVICH , O.YU. ROGOZHNIKOVA , D.V. TROUKHIN , V.M. TORMYSHEV , E.G. BAGRYANSKAYA
Published: October 2024

In the recent years, triarylmethyl radicals are widely used as spin probes and tags, so the study of their properties is of great interest. In the present work, the magnetic resonance properties of triarylmethyl radicals (FT (Finland trityl) and OX063) labeled with 13C isotope in water-glycerol and water-trehalose solutions are studied using stationary and pulsed EPR within a wide temperature range. Their magnetic resonance parameters, electron spin relaxation times and rotation correlation times at different temperatures are measured. It is shown that 13С-FT radical forms aggregates in trehalose solution, while aggregates are not observed for 13С-OX063 radical.
SYNTHESIS OF FLUORINATED BENZOTHIAZOLES, STUDY OF THEIR LITHIATION SITES AND SUBSEQUENT INTERACTION WITH DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Authors: V.E. ROMANOV , E.V. PANTELEEVA
Published: October 2024

The interaction of 4,6-difluoro-, 4-fluoro-, and 2-bromo-4,6-difluorobenzothiazole with BuLi and LiN[(CH3)3Si]2 in THF, followed by the treatment with dimethylformamide or MeI, revealed the main metalation sites in these model mono- and difluorinated benzothiazoles. The reactivity of the resulting Li-derivatives with respect to formylation and methylation was also described.
THE EFFECT OF MODIFYING ADDITIVES BASED ON MGFEGA LAYERED TRIPLE HYDROXIDES AND ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION ON THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYURETHANE
Authors: T.V.A. NGUYEN , B.P. TOLOCHKO , F.K. GORBUNOV , A.A. FADINA , M.A. MIKHAILENKO
Published: October 2024

The dependence of mechanical characteristics (hardness and tensile strength) of polyurethane on the content of MgFeGa layered triple hydroxide additive and the electron beam irradiation dose is investigated. The optimal amount of layered hydroxides and the optimal irradiation dose, causing a substantial increase in tensile strength and hardness of polyurethane, are determined. Polyurethane modification by adding magnesium/iron/gallium layered triple hydroxides in the amount of 3 wt% causes an increase in tensile strength and hardness by 30.0 and 5.4%, respectively. Modification of pure polyurethane by irradiation with the optimal dose (100 kGy) promotes an increase in tensile strength by 27.1% and hardness by 4.6%.