bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of tetracycline on polyvinyl chloride microplastics in aqueous environments
Authors: Zahmatkesh Anbarani Mohaddeseh , Najafpoor Aliasghar , Barikbin Behnam , Bonyadi Ziaeddin
Published: October 2023

Microplastics (MPs), as carriers of organic pollutants in the environment, have become a growing public concern in recent years. Tetracycline (TTC) is an antibiotic that can be absorbed by MPs and have a harmful effect on human health. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the adsorption rate of TTC onto polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of this process was studied using isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic models. For this purpose, experimental runs using the Box-Behnken model were designed to investigate the main research parameters, including PVC dose (0.5–2 g/L), reaction time (5–55 min), initial antibiotic concentration (5–15 mg/L), and pH (4–10). Based on the research findings, the highest TTC adsorption rate (93.23%) was obtained at a pH of 10, a contact time of 55 min, an adsorbent dose of 1.25 g/L, and an antibiotic concentration of 10 mg/L. The study found that the adsorption rate of TTC followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. Thermodynamic data indicated that the process was spontaneous, exothermic, and physical. Increasing ion concentration decreased TTC adsorption, and distilled water had the highest adsorption, while municipal wastewater had the lowest adsorption. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of MPs and organic pollutants, underscoring the importance of conducting additional research and implementing measures to mitigate their detrimental effects on human health and the environment.
Combined ultrasound and photoacoustic C-mode imaging system for skin lesion assessment
Authors: Kukk Anatoly Fedorov , Scheling Felix , Panzer Rüdiger , Emmert Steffen , Roth Bernhard
Published: October 2023

Accurate assessment of the size and depth of infiltration is critical for effectively treating and removing skin cancer, especially melanoma. However, existing methods such as skin biopsy and histologic examination are invasive, time-consuming, and may not provide accurate depth results. We present a novel system for simultaneous and co-localized ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, with the application for non-invasive skin lesion size and depth measurement. The developed system integrates an acoustical mirror that is placed on an ultrasound transducer, which can be translated within a flexible water tank. This allows for 3D (C-mode) imaging, which is useful for mapping the skin structure and determine the invasion size and depth of lesions including skin cancer. For efficient reconstruction of photoacoustic images, we applied the open-source MUST library. The acquisition time per 2D image is <1 s and the pulse energies are below the legal Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) on human skin. We present the depth and resolution capabilities of the setup on several self-designed agar phantoms and demonstrate in vivo imaging on human skin. The setup also features an unobstructed optical window from the top, allowing for simple integration with other optical modalities. The perspective towards clinical application is demonstrated.
Large contributions of petrogenic and aged soil-derived organic carbon to Arctic fjord sediments in Svalbard
Authors: Kim Dahae , Kim Jung-Hyun , Ahn Youngkyu , Jang Kwangchul , Jung Ji Young , Bae Minji , Nam Seung-Il
Published: October 2023

Svalbard fjords are recognized as hotspots for organic carbon (OC) burial and storage due to their high sedimentation rates, which effectively trap terrestrial sediments and inhibit extensive OC remineralization. In this study, we investigated surface sediments (n = 48) from eight Svalbard fjords, along with bedrock (n = 17), soil (n = 28), and plant (n = 12) samples, to identify the sources of sedimentary OC in these fjords using geochemical parameters. All examined surface sediments from the fjords showed a depletion in 14Corg (− 666.9 ± 240.3‰), indicating that recently fixed terrestrial and marine biomass alone cannot account for the entire sedimentary OC pool. Conventional bulk indicators such as Norg/TOC ratio and δ13Corg were insufficient for fully determining the sources of sedimentary OC. Therefore, we employed a four-end-member approach, using Δ14Corg, δ13Corg, and lignin phenols to assess the relative contributions of petrogenic, soil-derived, plant-derived, and marine OC to the sedimentary OC pool. The analyzed fjord sediments consisted, on average, of 59.0 ± 28.1% petrogenic OC, 16.8 ± 12.1% soil-derived OC, 2.5 ± 2.2% plant-derived OC, and 21.8 ± 18.5% marine OC. This approach highlights the substantial contributions of petrogenic and aged soil-derived OC to present-day sedimentary OC in Svalbard fjords. Considering predicted global warming, accelerated inputs of petrogenic and soil-derived OC into fjords due to rapid glacier retreat may significantly impact the active carbon cycle and potentially contribute to CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, depending on burial efficiency.
Effects of corn processing index and forage source on performance, blood parameters, and ruminal fermentation of dairy calves
Authors: Ghasemi A. , Azarfar A. , Omidi-Mirzaei H. , Fadayifar A. , Hashemzadeh F. , Ghaffari M. H.
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of corn processing index (CPI)—particularly at 70% and 85%—in starter feed in combination with the provision of forage, either alfalfa hay (AH) or wheat straw (WS), on feed intake, growth performance, rumen pH, and blood metabolites of dairy calves. Forty-eight male Holstein calves (43.0 ± 1.5 kg body weight) were randomly assigned (n = 12 calves per treatment) to one of four dietary treatments: (1) a textured starter diet containing 70% CPI and AH (70CPIAH), (2) a textured starter feed containing 70% CPI combined with WS (70CPIWS), (3) a textured starter feed containing 85% CPI and AH (85CPIAH), (4) a textured starter feed containing 85% CPI combined with WS (85CPIWS). Intake of starter feed (TMR) and milk was individually monitored and recorded daily, while body weight was measured weekly. On days 30 and 65, blood samples were collected from all calves 3 h after morning feeding. No interaction was detected between the CPI of starter feed diets and forage provision for starter intake, dry matter intake (DMI), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), feed efficiency (FE), average daily gain (ADG), and body weight (BW). The preweaning and overall DMI, preweaning, postweaning and overall FE and ADG, preweaning and overall starter intake, preweaning and overall ME intake, and postweaning and overall BW were greater for calves fed 85CPI than those fed 70CPI starter diets. Postweaning and overall ADG and postweaning FE were greater in calves fed WS than those fed AH. Body length and hip width were greater for calves offered 85CPI than in fed 70CPI. Wheat straw supplementation increased rumen pH at day 65 in calves fed 70CPI, but not in those fed 85CPI. No interaction was found between the CPI in the starter feed diet and the forage source for starter intake and DMI, MEI, FE, and BW. The results showed that including corn with 85% processing index in dairy calf starters improved their growth performance.
Risk factors for early mortality in elderly patients with unstable isolated C2 odontoid fracture treated with halo-vest or surgery
Authors: Honda Akira , Iizuka Yoichi , Michihata Nobuaki , Morita Kojiro , Mieda Tokue , Takasawa Eiji , Ishiwata Sho , Kakuta Yohei , Tomomatsu Yusuke , Ito Shunsuke , Inomata Kazuhiro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to compare in-hospital mortality of three procedures –halo-vest immobilization, anterior spinal fixation (ASF), and posterior spinal fixation (PSF)– in the treatment of elderly patients with isolated C2 odontoid fracture. We extracted data for elderly patients who were admitted with C2 odontoid fracture and treated with at least one of the three procedures (halo-vest immobilization, ASF, or PSF) during hospitalization. We conducted a generalized propensity score-based matching weight analysis to compare in-hospital mortality among the three procedures. We further investigated independent risk factors for in-hospital death. The study involved 891 patients (halo-vest, n = 463; ASF, n = 74; and PSF, n = 354) with a mean age of 78 years. In-hospital death occurred in 45 (5.1%) patients. Treatment type was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Male sex (odds ratio 2.98; 95% confidence interval 1.32–6.73; p = 0.009) and a Charlson comorbidity index of ≥ 3 (odds ratio 9.18; 95% confidence interval 3.25–25.92; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. In conclusion, treatment type was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with isolated C2 odontoid fracture. Halo-vest immobilization can help to avoid adverse events in patients with C2 odontoid fracture who are considered less suitable for surgical treatment.
Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensor
Authors: Dehdashtian Sara , Wang Shengnian , Murray Teresa A. , Chegeni Mahdieh , Rostamnia Sadegh , Fattahi Nazir
Published: October 2023

Vanillin is a popular flavoring agent in many food products. Simple, fast, and reliable quantification of this compound is crucial for the food industry. In this work, we have developed a new electrochemical sensor for accurate detection of vanillin in various real samples. The composite electrode was made of sodium montmorillonite nanoclay (SMM) and gold nanoparticles modified ZIF-67 (Au@ZIF-67), in which SMM contributes to the large adsorption capacity of the analyte, ZIF-67 and SMM supply more sensing active sites, and gold nanoparticles provide high electrical conductivity. The sensing electrode was comprehensively characterized using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, EDS, XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TEM, and its electrochemical behavior for determination of vanillin including the electrooxidation mechanism of vanillin and different parameters such as scan rate and pH value was investigated. The result revealed that a two electron-two proton process was involved in the electrooxidation of vanillin, which takes place more readily due to the lower potential on the surface of SMM/Au@ZIF-67/carbon paste electrode. The new composite electrode was also more sensitive to vanillin detection with an anodic peak current almost 2.6 times more than that of the bare electrode. A linear sensing concentration range was established between 1 and 1200 nM with a detection limit of 0. 3 nM and a limit of quantitation of 1 nM. For real samples, the sensor demonstrated excellent recovery rates and reliability that was comparable to the standard high-performance liquid chromatography method.
A hydrodynamic interaction between bubbles and gas supply system during gas bubble departures in liquids: an experimental study
Authors: Dzienis P. , Golak K. , Konopka M. , Mosdorf R. , Bazienė K. , Gargasas J.
Published: October 2023

In the present paper, the hydrodynamic interactions between bubbles and the gas supply system to a needle were experimentally investigated. In experimental investigations in one of the needles, the air volume flow rate was constant, and in the neighbouring needle, it was changed. In the paper, the methods of data analysis: wavelet decomposition, and FFT were used. It was shown that the hydrodynamic interaction becomes stronger with the increase in air volume flow rate supply to the needle. The occurrence of hydrodynamic interaction modifies bubble growth time slightly, but it significantly modifies the bubble waiting time. In the case when the liquid penetration into the needle is repeatable, then the percentage disturbances in bubble growth time and bubble waiting time are close to each other. Moreover, it can be concluded that synchronized or alternative bubble departures from twin neighbouring needles (occurring due to hydrodynamic interaction) are possible by modifying the bubble waiting time. The modification of hydrodynamic interaction between bubbles, the bubbles themselves, and gas supply systems can be used to control the bubble departure process.
Tungsten-based nanoparticles as contrast agents for liver tumor detection using dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Ji Xiuru , Zhu Lan , Hsu Jessica C. , Wang Han , Zhou Jingwei , Wang Qingbing , Li Yuhan , Cai Weibo , Ni Dalong , Wu Zhiyuan
Published: October 2023

In this study, a novel class of CAs (i.e., WO3−x NPs) with excellent biocompatibility and minimal systemic toxicity for DECT was designed and presented a promising method for the accurate diagnosis of liver cancer.
Self-assembly of iodoacetylenyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxides via halogen bonding
Authors: Shurikov Matvey K. , Tretyakov Evgeny V. , Petunin Pavel V. , Votkina Darya E. , Romanenko Galina V. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Burguera Sergi , Frontera Antonio , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. , Postnikov Pavel S.
Published: October 2023

Novel nitronyl nitroxides are assembled in the solid state into chains, in which the radical building blocks are linked by intermolecular I⋯N–O halogen bonding. Magnetic analyses revealed that in the nitroxides, the radicals are weakly coupled.
Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine removing ROS: an antifouling strategy inspired by mussels
Authors: Wang Jine , Zhang Chen , Zhao Rui , Wang Pei , Jin Meihua , Xu Jiujun
Published: October 2023

Inspired by the adhesion characteristics of mussels, this paper proposed an antifouling strategy of using antioxidants to remove ROS.
Assessment of the hydrogeochemistry of shallow water aquifers using corrosion indices and geospatial techniques in the regions of the Brahmaputra river basin, India
Authors: Sharma Gulshan Kumar , Jena Roomesh Kumar , Moharana Pravash Chandra , Ray Prasenjit , Ali Shakir , Mourya Krishna Kumar , Das Bachaspati
Published: October 2023

Assesment of hydrogeochemistry of shallow water aquifers using corrosion indices and geospatial techniques with significant outcome and recommendations in the regions of the Brahmaputra river basin, India.
Catalytic prenylation of natural polyphenols
Authors: Du Yi , Korchi Iman , Rubtsov Aleksandr E. , Malkov Andrei V.
Published: October 2023

Prenylated polyphenols occur naturally and exhibit biological activity superior to the ubiquitous parent polyphenols.
Competition of opsonins and dysopsonins on the nanoparticle surface
Authors: Tavakol Mahdi , Hajipour Mohammad Javad , Ferdousi Maryam , Zanganeh Steven , Maurizi Lionel
Published: October 2023

The schematic representation of opsonins and dysopsonins replacement on the GO surface.
Highly efficient hydrogenation of nitroarenes by Co nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes under mild conditions
Authors: Zhang Zan , Liu Yuan , Du Jinfeng , Jiang Yisen , Wang Zhaoxu , Yun Ruirui , Zheng Baishu
Published: October 2023

The rational design and construction of heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts with high-performance are greatly needed in practical applications, such as the selective hydrogenation of nitro aromatics.
Adsorption and decolorization study of reactive black 5 by immobilized metal–organic framework of UiO-66 andGloeophyllum trabeumfungus
Authors: Alkas Taufiq Rinda , Purnomo Adi Setyo , Ediati Ratna , Ersam Taslim
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate immobilized metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO-66 and brown-rot fungusGloeophyllum trabeum(GT) in PVA-SA matrices for adsorption and decolorization of reactive black 5 (RB5).
C–H radiocyanation of bioactive molecules via sequential iodination/copper-mediated cross-coupling
Authors: Horikawa Mami , Joy Stephen T. , Sharninghausen Liam S. , Shao Xia , Mapp Anna K. , Scott Peter J. H. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: October 2023

We report a net C–H radiocyanation of electron-rich (hetero)aromatic substrates. This sequence is applied to a variety of substrates, including nucleobases, amino acids and LYRAGWRAFS peptide, which undergoes selective C–H radiocyanation at the tryptophan (W) residue.
Expanding the chemical space of enol silyl ethers: catalytic dicarbofunctionalization enabled by iron catalysis
Authors: Sar Dinabandhu , Yin Shuai , Grygus Jacob , Rentería-Gómez Ángel , Garcia Melanie , Gutierrez Osvaldo
Published: October 2023

Herein, we report the dicarbofunctionalization of enol silyl ethers via an Fe-catalyzed decoupled cross-coupling of (fluoro)alkyl halides, and enol silyl ethers.
Structure and properties of biobased polyamide 36,9/cellulose nanocomposites
Authors: Nurhamiyah Yeyen , Chen Biqiong
Published: October 2023

The presence of renewable fillers, cellulose nanocrystals, enhances the Young's modulus of a biobased elastomer, polyamide 36,9. The modulus of the resulting fully biobased nanocomposites closely follows a classical theory of composite mechanics.
Fe(iii)-carboxythiolate layered metal–organic frameworks with interest as active materials for rechargeable alkali-ion batteries
Authors: Gedikoglu Nusik , Salcedo-Abraira Pablo , Nguyen Long H. B. , Guillou Nathalie , Dupré Nicolas , Payen Christophe , Louvain Nicolas , Stievano Lorenzo , Poizot Philippe , Devic Thomas
Published: October 2023

A series of Fe(iii)-thiolate layered MOFs was prepared. These solids present a strong absorption in the visible range, a good chemical stability and an interesting electrochemical activity.
Ultrafast fabrication of lignin carbon dot hydrogels with self-mending properties and dehydration-visualizable phosphorescence for chemical sensing and information encryption
Authors: Chen Junyu , Chen Gui , Wu Caijuan , Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang , Zheng Mingtao
Published: October 2023

A lignin-based CD hydrogel (L-CDs–Fe/PAM) with enhanced mechanical properties and excellent optical properties was constructed for chemical sensing and information encryption.
An enhanced expanding and shift sparse array based on the coprime array and nested array
Authors: Qin Caihui , Yang Ling , Dang Jingxin , Dang Bo , Zhou Yan
Published: October 2023

In recent years, sparse arrays based on the fourth‐order difference coarray (FODCA) have received increased research attention due to their small number of array elements and large consecutive virtual arrays. The expanding and shift structure based on the nested array (NA) and coprime array (CPA) (EAS‐NA‐CPA) is the representative one. The EAS‐NA‐CPA comprises two sparse subarrays, wherein the NA is expanded and shifted according to the second‐order difference coarray of the CPA. Although the number of consecutive elements is large, there are many redundant elements in the FODCA of the EAS‐NA‐CPA. To decrease the number of redundant elements and increase the number of consecutive elements in the FODCA, the authors proposed the enhanced EAS‐NA‐CPA (EEAS‐NA‐CPA). Compared with the original EAS‐NA‐CPA, the EEAS‐NA‐CPA increases the adjacent physical sensor spacing further by using more fourth‐order cross‐correlation coarrays in the FODCA, which are not considered in the original EAS‐NA‐CPA. By performing a theoretical analysis of the FODCA provided by the proposed EEAS‐NA‐CPA, the sensor spacing in the expanded NA was further increased to obtain a larger number of consecutive elements compared with the original EAS‐NA‐CPA. Furthermore, the relationship between the number of physical sensors and corresponding number of consecutive elements provided by the FODCA was explicitly expressed. Experimental simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed sparse array for the fourth‐order cumulant‐based direction of arrival estimation.
ALMA detection of CO rotational line emission in red supergiant stars of the massive young star cluster RSGC1
Authors: Decin L. , Richards A. M. S. , Marchant P. , Sana H.
Published: October 2023

Context.The fate of stars largely depends on the amount of mass lost during the end stages of evolution. For single stars with an initial mass between ∼8–30M⊙, most mass is lost during the red supergiant (RSG) phase, when stellar winds deplete the H-rich envelope. However, the RSG mass-loss rate (Ṁ) is poorly understood theoretically, and so stellar evolution models rely on empirically derived mass-loss rate prescriptions. However, it has been shown that these empirical relations differ largely, with differences up to 2 orders of magnitude.

Aims.We aim to derive a new mass-loss rate prescription for RSGs that is not afflicted with some uncertainties inherent in preceding studies.

Methods.We have observed CO rotational line emission towards a sample of RSGs in the open cluster RSGC1 that all are of a similar initial mass. The ALMA CO(2–1) line detections allowed us to retrieve the gas mass-loss rates (ṀCO). In contrast to mass-loss rates derived from the analysis of dust spectral features (ṀSED), the data allowed us a direct determination of the wind velocity and no uncertain dust-to-gas correction factor was needed.

Results.Five RSGs in RSGC1 have been detected in CO(2–1). The retrievedṀCOvalues are systematically lower thanṀSED. Although only five RSGs in RSGC1 have been detected, the data allow us to propose a new mass-loss rate relation for M-type red supergiants with effective temperatures between ∼3200 and 3800 K that is dependent on the luminosity and initial mass, and that is valid during the phase where nuclear burning determines the evolution along the RSG branch. The new mass-loss rate relation is based on the newṀCOvalues for the RSGs in RSGC1 and on priorṀSEDvalues for RSGs in four clusters, including RSGC1. The newṀ-prescription yields a good prediction for the mass-loss rate of some well-known Galactic RSGs that are observed in multiple CO rotational lines, includingαOri,μCep and VX Sgr. Moreover, there are indications that a stronger, potentially eruptive, mass-loss process is occurring during some fraction of the RSG lifetime, suggesting that RSGs might experience a phase change in mass loss leading to the wind mass-loss rate dominating the RSG evolution at that stage.

Conclusions.Implementing a lower mass-loss rate in evolution codes for massive stars has important consequences as to the nature of their end-state. A reduction of the RSG mass-loss rate implies that quiescent RSG mass loss is not enough to strip a single star’s hydrogen-rich envelope. Upon core collapse such single stars would explode as RSGs. Mass-loss rates of order ∼6 times higher would be needed to strip the H-rich envelope and produce a Wolf-Rayet star while evolving back to the blue side of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Future observations of a larger sample of RSGs in open clusters should allow a more stringent determination of theṀCO–luminosity relation and a sharper diagnostic as to when the phase change in mass loss is occurring.
Evaluation of air flow distribution within the design of SMART emission monitoring device
Authors: Holubčík Michal , Nicolanská Miriam , Jandačka Jozef , Nemec Patrik
Published: October 2023

Air quality is one of the fundamental parameters in the prospect of a healthy and thriving city environment. With the upcoming tightening of regulations for pollutions in general, it is necessary to provide and access real-time data regarding to the air quality and presence of pollutants within the smart city. The article aims on improving the design of an existing design of an emission monitoring device in previous research. A CFD model was built in Ansys Fluent 2022 R2 consisting of four smart emission sensors, from which the key improvements in terms of air flow characteristics were retrieved from. The article presents a redesign of the flow channels to improve air distribution. Although the pressure loss has increased by 8%, all four sensors show 5,66 m/s air flow with 12 Pa setting of the fan. In conclusion, a physical model of the redesigned geometry must be built and analyzed using PIV methodology with particle flow measurement.
Numerical Simulations in Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems with an Emphasis on Injection Location
Authors: Novák Martin , Matas Richard
Published: October 2023

This paper is a follow-up study to previous research conducted in the field of Selective Catalytic Reduction systems. The objective of this particular study is to identify a suitable injection location for urea water solution within a chosen geometry, matching the distribution commonly used in these systems. Numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent software were conducted, utilizing an evaporation model that had been fine-tuned based on experimental data. The droplet size injected from the nozzle was also determined from experimental data. The boundary condition applied to the walls was the “Wall-Jet” model, chosen as a compromise for time efficiency. Over one hundred simulations were conducted at more than fifty locations, with the results presented here serving as interim findings. Future research will investigate the application of the recommended injection sites in geometries similar to those used in SCR systems.
The analysis of oil circuit cooling of a screw compressor
Authors: Pospíchal Jan , Volf Michal
Published: October 2023

The paper analyses the fluid flow and heat transfer in the heat exchanger connected to the SMARTRONIC screw compressor housing manufactured by ATMOS Chrást s.r.o. using numerical simulations. The work aims to describe the flow in all parts of the exchanger and to determine the distribution of the temperature field inside.
On Velocity Spectra within the Wake behind a Circular Cylinder
Authors: Uruba Václav , Procházka Pavel , Yanovych Vitalii , Duda Daniel
Published: October 2023

The canonical case of a circular cylinder in crossflow is studied experimentally at Reynolds number 5k. The power-spectra of all velocity components in the turbulent wake are studied in detail. Special attention is paid to the appearance of peaks and spectra shape, i.e., to the slope of spectra parts. Signatures of presence forward energy cascade and inverse enstrophy cascade are detected. Three peaks corresponding to 1st, 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the Strouhal frequency are detected as well as local spectra slopes conforming to the Kolmogorov and Kraichnan theories.
« Un Plan Marshall, sinon rien ! »
Authors: Delaplace Sylvie , Dupin Ludovic
Published: October 2023

Piloté par l’Université des métiers du nucléaire (UMN), le plan « compétences » remis au gouvernement le 9 juin définit les actions pour sécuriser les 100 000 recrutements que la filière devra réaliser dans les dix prochaines années. Hélène Badia, présidente de l’UMN depuis septembre 2022, détaille le plan d’action sur la formation.
Vergleich zweier Bandagetechniken bei sekundärem Armlymphödem nach Brustkrebs
Authors: Walder Sibylle , Betschart Martina , Benz Thomas
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Das Armlymphödem ist eine mögliche Folge bei axillärer Lymphknotenentfernung aufgrund von Brustkrebs und führt zu Einschränkungen im Alltag sowie der Lebensqualität. Aktuell ist unklar, durch welches Bandagematerial während der komplexen physikalischen Entstauungstherapie die größere Volumenreduktion bei bestmöglicher Lebensqualität erfolgen kann.

Ziel Beantwortung der Frage, ob das Zweilagen-Kompressionssystem „3M™ Coban™ 2 Lite“ bei Patientinnen mit sekundärem Armlymphödem innerhalb einer einwöchigen Intensivphase eine größere prozentuale Ödemvolumenreduktion bewirken kann als die Therapie mit klassischen Kurzzugbinden. Zudem wurde evaluiert, welches der beiden Materialien mit einem besseren Therapieempfinden und einer höheren Lebensqualität verknüpft ist.

Methode Von März 2021 bis November 2021 wurden im Kantonsspital Winterthur Intensivphasen bei Frauen mit sekundärem Lymphödem durchgeführt. Im Rahmen der Standardtherapie erhielten sie während einer Woche entweder 3-mal pro Woche eine Coban-Lite-Bandage oder täglich eine klassische Kurzzugbandage. Ausgewertet wurde die prozentuale Ödemvolumenreduktion, die Lebensqualität und das Therapieempfinden nach einer Woche Therapie.

Ergebnisse Daten von 34 Patientinnen, jeweils 17 pro Gruppe, wurden ausgewertet. Die prozentuale Ödemvolumenreduktion von 55,1 % in der Coban-Lite-Gruppe und 35,0 % in der Klassische-Bandage-Gruppe (p = 0,067; 95 % KI [−0,646; 28,809]) sowie die Lebensqualität (p = 0,202; 95 % KI [−1,11; 0,22]) unterschieden sich in beiden Gruppen nicht signifikant voneinander. Das Therapieempfinden war jedoch in der Coban-Lite-Gruppe signifikant besser als in der Klassische-Bandage-Gruppe (p = 0,004; 95 % KI [−117; −0,17]) und wies eine mittlere Effektstärke (r = 0,488) auf.

Schlussfolgerung Die Anwendung der beiden Bandagetechniken zeigten keinen statistisch signifikanten Gruppenunterschied hinsichtlich der Ödemvolumenreduktion nach einer Woche. Während dieser Zeit wurden mit der Coban-Lite-Bandage weniger Therapiesitzungen durchgeführt als mit der klassischen Bandage. Zudem erzielte die Coban-Lite-Bandage beim Therapieempfinden ein signifikant besseres Ergebnis.
Angaben auf Todesbescheinigungen – Vergleich des hospitalen
und ambulanten Bereichs
Authors: Witte Paul Jonathan , Schröder Ann Sophie , Sperhake Jan-Peter , Ondruschka Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Der Tod eines Menschen und die Todesumstände werden in Deutschland auf
der Todesbescheinigung dokumentiert. Der Weg des Leichnams zur Bestattung sowie
die Qualität der Todesursachenstatistik werden maßgeblich durch
die Angaben in der amtlichen Todesbescheinigung beeinflusst. Die
Qualität der Angaben in den Todesbescheinigungen wird immer wieder
bemängelt. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, typische Fehlerquellen
in Todesbescheinigungen zu identifizieren und Hinweise zu erhalten, ob
qualitative Unterschiede zwischen den im ambulanten und stationären
Bereich ausgefüllten Todesbescheinigungen bestehen. Es erfolgte eine
retrospektive Auswertung von 218 Todesbescheinigungen von Todesfällen,
die im Rahmen einer zweiten Leichenschau vor der Feuerbestattung von der
Rechtsmedizin untersucht wurden. Davon wurden 118 Todesbescheinigungen im
Krankenhaus (hospitale Leichenschau) und 100 Todesbescheinigungen ambulant durch
den zuständigen Hausarzt/die zuständige
Hausärztin oder eine(n) im ambulanten Sektor diensthabende(n)
Arzt/Ärztin ausgestellt. Bis auf eine ambulant ausgestellte
Todesbescheinigung waren alle Dokumente lesbar. Die Angaben zur Grunderkrankung
waren plausibel. Über ein Drittel der Epikrisen waren ohne nennenswerten
Erkenntnisgewinn oder gar nicht ausgefüllt. Die Eintragung zu den
unmittelbaren Todesursachen in dem dafür vorgesehenen Feld auf der
Todesbescheinigung (Ia in der Kausalkette) waren in gut einem Drittel der
Fälle unzureichend. Die Fehlerrate bei den Eintragungen war im
ambulanten Bereich höher als bei hospitalen Sterbefällen. Es
gilt deshalb für die Zukunft, durch Fort- und
Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen auf die besondere Situation einer Leichenschau
vorzubereiten und die Bedeutung der dabei festgelegten Diagnosen zu vermitteln,
um diese vermeidbaren Fehlerquellen abzustellen.
B-Mode Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Detection of Splenic Involvement in Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 112 Patients
Authors: Findeisen Hajo , Görg Christian , Winter Helen , Trenker Corinna , Dietrich Christoph F. , Alhyari Amjad , Eilsberger Friederike , Safai Zadeh Ehsan
Published: October 2023

Purpose To assess splenic involvement using B-mode ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) compared with standard imaging with contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) / 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (PET-CT) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Materials and Methods Imaging data from 112 patients from 12/2003 to 10/2022 with histologically confirmed Hodgkin lymphoma during staging or relapse were analyzed for splenic lymphoma involvement. In all patients, standard imaging (CT/PET-CT), along with B-mode US and CEUS examinations, was performed. Evidence of focal splenic lesions (FSLs) found by imaging procedures was suggestive of splenic involvement. Follow-up imaging was performed in each patient after treatment, and treatment response indicated definitive splenic involvement.

Results 40 patients (35.7%) were identified by imaging modalities as having splenic involvement, which was confirmed by response during follow-up. Standard CT/PET-CT imaging detected splenic involvement in 36/112 patients (32.1%). FSLs were detected with B-mode US in 38 patients (33.9%) and CEUS in 36 patients (32.1%). The sensitivity of standard imaging, B-mode US, and CEUS was 90%, 95%, and 90%, respectively.

Conclusion B-mode US examination is a diagnostic method used in addition to standard imaging for the detection of splenic involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma. CEUS does not provide additional benefit compared to B-mode US and the standard reference procedure.
Spectrum on demand light source (SOLS) for advanced photovoltaic characterization
Authors: Casademont-Viñas Miquel , Gibert-Roca Martí , Campoy-Quiles Mariano , Goñi Alejandro R.
Published: October 2023

We report a multi-purpose spectrum-on-demand light source (SOLS), conceived primarily but not exclusively for the multiple and advanced characterization of photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices. The apparatus is a spectral shaper illumination device, providing a tunable and spectrally shaped light beam produced by modulating the intensity and/or wavelength range of a primary light source. SOLS stands out from the state of the art because it produces almost any spectrum on demand and delivers two types of output: a spectrally shaped and spatially homogeneous beam over its cross section for areal illumination or a spatially and spectrally split beam into its wavelength components, a unique capability suited to characterize lateral-tandem (Rainbow) solar cells. The tuneability from broadband to narrowband illumination enables two characterization devices into one, namely, a solar simulator for the determination of the power conversion efficiency and an external quantum efficiency measuring system. We expect the SOLS setup to accelerate material screening, enabling the discovery and optimization of novel multi-component materials and devices, in particular for emergent PV technologies like organic, metal halide perovskites, or multi-junction geometries, as well as novel PV applications such as indoors, building integrated, or agrivoltaics, among others.
Calculated solvent reorganization entropies, free energies, and fluctuations of the energy gaps for intramolecular electron transfer and excitation of the solvatochromic dye B30
Authors: Parson William W. , Burda Clemens
Published: October 2023

Intramolecular electron transfer between two biphenyl groups linked by an androstane spacer and excitation of the pyridinium-N-phenolate betaine dye B30 to the first excited singlet state are studied by quantum/classical molecular-dynamics simulations at temperatures between 150 and 300 K in solvents with a range of polarities. Temperature dependences of the solvent reorganization energies, free energies, entropies, and the inhomogeneous broadening of B30’s absorption band are examined. The variances of fluctuations of the energy gap between the reactant and product states do not have the direct proportionality to temperature that often is assumed to hold. An explanation for the observations is suggested.
Short-term wind power forecasting by bidirectional attention mechanism LSTM and its probability interval prediction by sliding-window KDE
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Peijuan , Xu Baochun
Published: October 2023

Deterministic point wind power forecasting (DP-WPF) and its probability interval prediction (PIP) are indispensable to short-term peak alleviation and frequency regulation in power systems with large-scale wind power injection. To improve short-term DP-WPF by long short-term memory (LSTM), a horizontal/vertical bidirectional feature attention (BFA) based LSTM model is proposed. More specifically, the BFA-LSTM model has three parts: first, multivariate time series are fed into LSTM to extract long-short-term temporal features; second, the LSTM outputs are processed horizontally as well as vertically for retrieving step-wise/multistep-wise temporal features, respectively, namely, in the bidirectional attention sense; third, both the horizontal and vertical attention weights are adaptively adjusted according to the feature importance in DP-WPF. Cases comparison shows that the suggested modeling is stably superior to most common counterparts. To address PIP by kernel density estimation (KDE), sliding-window KDE is leveraged for probability analysis. More precisely, probability density functions (PDF) and probability intervals are estimated with sliding-window samples, which are non-parametric operations and involve finitely many local samples. Superior performances of PIP by sliding-window KDE at different confidence levels indicate that the sliding-window PDF approach is highly effective in contrast to those with all samples.
Artificial synaptic characteristics of PVA:ZnO nanocomposite memristive devices
Authors: Kumari Renu , Gellanki Jnaneswari , Kundale Somnath S. , Ustad Ruhan E. , Dongale Tukaram D. , Fu Ying , Pettersson Håkan , Kumar Sandeep
Published: October 2023

Computational efficiency is significantly enhanced using artificial neural network-based computing. A two-terminal memristive device is a powerful electronic device that can mimic the behavior of a biological synapse in addition to storing information and performing logic operations. This work focuses on the fabrication of a memristive device that utilizes a resistive switching layer composed of polyvinyl alcohol infused with ZnO nanoparticles. By incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into the polymer film, the fabricated memristive devices exhibit functionalities that closely resemble those of biological synapses, including short-term and long-term plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, and spike time-dependent plasticity. These findings establish the ZnO nanoparticle-polymer nanocomposite as a highly promising material for future neuromorphic systems.
The electron-centric approach to the exchange-correlation energy
Authors: Roy Pierre-Olivier , Henkes Tobias , Ernzerhof Matthias
Published: October 2023

The Kohn-Sham theory addresses the challenge of representing the kinetic energy by re-quantizing density functional theory at a level of non-interacting electrons. It transforms the many-electron problem into a fictitious non-interacting electron problem, with the many-electron effects concealed within the exchange-correlation (XC) energy, which is expressed in terms of the electron density ρ(r). Unlike the wave function, ρ(r) can be viewed as a classical quantity, and expressing the XC energy in terms of it circumvents the need for correlated wave functions. In this work, we once again employ the re-quantization strategy and determine the XC energy using a local one-particle Schrödinger equation. The ground-state eigenfunction of the corresponding Hamiltonian is a reference point (r) dependent orbital φr,σ(u, σ′) which is subsequently used to generate the XC hole and the XC energy. The spin coordinate is denoted by σ and u is the electron-electron separation. The one-particle equation for φr,σ(u, σ′) includes a local potential vr,σ(u, σ′) that we approximate using two simple physical constraints. We assess the approximation by applying it to the helium iso-electronic series, the homogeneous electron gas, and the dissociation of the hydrogen molecule.
Ferromagnetic material dependence of spin–orbit torque in PtMn/ferromagnet bilayer
Authors: Pham Ngoc Luu Ly , Ko Kyung-Hun , Choi Gyung-Min
Published: October 2023

Spin Hall effect (SHE) in heavy metals generates a spin–orbit torque (SOT) on a ferromagnet. Research has been focused on the material properties of heavy metals to enhance SOT efficiency, and promising alloys for large SHE have been reported. In this study, we optically investigated the SOT of a PtMn alloy with Mn concentrations ranging from 0 to 75%. We observed that the critical Mn concentration for the maximum SOT depends on the ferromagnet: with Co as a ferromagnet, a peak spin Hall angle of 0.11 was obtained at an Mn concentration of 25%; with CoFeB as a ferromagnet, a peak spin Hall angle of 0.18 was obtained at an Mn concentration of 50%. Such a strong ferromagnetic dependence may originate from the structural matching between the poorly crystalline structure of PtMn and amorphous structure of CoFeB.
The effect of nonlocal interaction on chaotic dynamics, Turing patterns, and population invasion in a prey–predator model
Authors: Yadav Reeta , Pal Swadesh , Sen Moitri
Published: October 2023

Pattern formation is a central process that helps to understand the individuals’ organizations according to different environmental conditions. This paper investigates a nonlocal spatiotemporal behavior of a prey–predator model with the Allee effect in the prey population and hunting cooperation in the predator population. The nonlocal interaction is considered in the intra-specific prey competition, and we find the analytical conditions for Turing and Hopf bifurcations for local and nonlocal models and the spatial-Hopf bifurcation for the nonlocal model. Different comparisons have been made between the local and nonlocal models through extensive numerical investigation to study the impact of nonlocal interaction. In particular, a legitimate range of nonlocal interaction coefficients causes the occurrence of spatial-Hopf bifurcation, which is the emergence of periodic patterns in both time and space from homogeneous periodic solutions. With an increase in the range of nonlocal interaction, the whole Turing pattern suppresses after a certain threshold, and no pure Turing pattern exists for such cases. Specifically, at low diffusion rates for the predators, nonlocal interaction in the prey population leads to the extinction of predators. As the diffusion rate of predators increases, impulsive wave solutions emerge in both prey and predator populations in a one-dimensional spatial domain. This study also includes the effect of nonlocal interaction on the invasion of populations in a two-dimensional spatial domain, and the nonlocal model produces a patchy structure behind the invasion where the local model predicts only the homogeneous structure for such cases.
Decoupling the roles of defects/impurities and wrinkles in thermal conductivity of wafer-scale hBN films
Authors: Bera Kousik , Chugh Dipankar , Bandopadhyay Aditya , Tan Hark Hoe , Roy Anushree , Jagadish Chennupati
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate a non-monotonic evolution of in-plane thermal conductivity of large-area hexagonal boron nitride films with thickness. Wrinkles and defects/impurities are present in these films. Raman spectroscopy, an optothermal non-contact technique, is employed to probe the temperature and laser power dependence property of the Raman active E2ghigh phonon mode, which, in turn, is used to estimate the rise in the temperature of the films under different laser powers. As the conventional Fourier law of heat diffusion cannot be directly employed analytically to evaluate the thermal conductivity of these films with defects and wrinkles, finite-element modeling is used instead. In the model, average heat resistance is used to incorporate an overall near-surface defect structure, and Voronoi cells with contact resistance at the cell boundaries are constructed to mimic the wrinkled domains. The effective in-plane thermal conductivity is estimated to be 87, 55, and 117 W/m K for the 2, 10, and 30 nm-thick films, respectively. We also present a quantitative estimation of the thermal resistance by defects and wrinkles individually to the heat flow. Our study reveals that the defects/impurities render a much higher resistance to heat transfer in the films than wrinkles.
Bayesian inferences of electrical current delivered to shocked transmission lines
Authors: Hutchinson T. M. , Ali S. J. , Grim G. P. , Meezan N. B. , LeChien K. R.
Published: October 2023

Small radius Bdot measurements of electrical current delivered by pulsed power devices are routinely compromised by electrode/convolute plasmas endemic to multiterawatt transmission lines. Inferences of delivered current unaffected by these issues have recently been obtained by numerically optimizing consistency between model predictions and local experimental velocimetry data, but these are only unique for shockless velocity profiles. Here, we describe a more general Bayesian method capable of inferring current despite the presence of shocks. Additionally, we describe uncertainty estimates and use of the technique on experimental data. This technique is the first to provide uncertainty estimates on the full current trace delivered to an inertial confinement fusion target.
Ordering properties of anisotropic hard bodies in one-dimensional channels
Authors: Montero Ana M. , Santos Andrés , Gurin Péter , Varga Szabolcs
Published: October 2023

The phase behavior and structural properties of hard anisotropic particles (prisms and dumbbells) are examined in one-dimensional channels using the Parsons–Lee (PL) theory, and the transfer-matrix and neighbor-distribution methods. The particles are allowed to move freely along the channel, while their orientations are constrained such that one particle can occupy only two or three different lengths along the channel. In this confinement setting, hard prisms behave as an additive mixture, while hard dumbbells behave as a non-additive one. We prove that all methods provide exact results for the phase properties of hard prisms, while only the neighbor-distribution and transfer-matrix methods are exact for hard dumbbells. This shows that non-additive effects are incorrectly included into the PL theory, which is a successful theory of the isotropic-nematic phase transition of rod-like particles in higher dimensions. In the one-dimensional channel, the orientational ordering develops continuously with increasing density, i.e., the system is isotropic only at zero density, while it becomes perfectly ordered at the close-packing density. We show that there is no orientational correlation in the hard prism system, while the hard dumbbells are orientationally correlated with diverging correlation length at close packing. On the other hand, positional correlations are present for all the systems, the associated correlation length diverging at close packing.
Compressibility effects in turbulent channel with weak spanwise rotation using direct numerical simulations
Authors: Chen Xiao-Ping , Huang Deng-Song , Zhao Shuo , Zhu Chen-Shao
Published: October 2023

Direct numerical simulations of temporally evolving turbulent channel flows with a weak spanwise rotation are conducted at a rotation number of 0.05 and Mach numbers of 0.3, 1.5, and 3.0 to investigate the influence of compressibility effects on turbulent statistics and large-scale structures. The corresponding Reynolds numbers are 2820, 3000, and 4880. Investigation shows that many asymmetric characteristics for incompressible flow also hold for compressible flow. The mean and fluctuating turbulent statistics distributions are similar to those for incompressible flows and shift from the suction side toward the pressure side. Weak spanwise rotation alters the mean the Mach number. The recovery enthalpy collapses between the pressure and suction sides and is independent of the Mach number. The Reynolds shear stress distributions are similar for compressible flows but with larger slopes than incompressible flows. When introducing semi-local scaling, the turbulent kinetic energy budget at pressure side is insensitive to compressibility effects. The average spanwise spacing of near-wall streaks increases as with the Mach number. The number of Taylor–Görtler vortex pairs is determined primarily by the aspect ratio of the computational domain, and is independent of the compressibility effects.