bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias de motivación extrínseca. Percepciones del estudiante de ELE norteamericano: estudio de caso en España
Authors: Sáez Gómez María
Published: August 2022

La motivación es indudablemente fuerza motriz en el proceso de aprendizaje de una L2. La inquietud intelectual, el desarrollo profesional y la necesidad académica son algunos factores que contribuyen a la motivación intrínseca del estudiante. Sin embargo, existen otros factores que pueden contribuir positivamente a la motivación extrínseca del discente, como las pautas pedagógicas que implementa el docente en su aula. Así pues, el objetivo de este trabajo es medir y analizar la cognición del estudiante con respecto a las macro-estrategias y micro-estrategias de motivación extrínseca (Dörnyei y Ushioda, 2013). Para ello, se ha desarrollado un cuestionario destinado a recoger cuantitativa (escala de Likert) y cualitativamente (comentarios optativos) las percepciones del discente. El cuestionario incluye 20 ítems y tanto su validez como su fiabilidad se estudian mediante procedimientos estadísticos. A la luz de los datos obtenidos se extraen implicaciones pedagógicas para llevar al aula y se esbozan futuras líneas de investigación.
Auxiliary verb constructions in Portuguese and Spanish. A comparative study Construcciones verbales auxiliares en portugués y español. Un estudio comparativo
Authors: Crismán Rafael
Published: August 2022

Este artículo consiste en un estudio comparativo entre las construcciones verbales auxiliares en portugués europeo y español peninsular, como, por ejemplo, PT: O Pedro está lendo o livro/ES: Pedro está leyendo el libro ‘Pedro is reading the book’.Se analizaron 98 construcciones verbales auxiliares del portugués y 93 de español. Los resultados mostraron un conjunto de correspondencias y divergencias entre ambas lenguas. Los huecosléxicos observados pueden contribuir a la consideración de la naturaleza de las construcciones verbales auxiliares en ambas lenguas y sus usos  como lenguas extranjeras. También se extraen conclusiones relevantes para traductores y otras aplicaciones de procesamiento de lenguaje natural.
The Point of View Approach in For Whom the Bell Tolls and EFL Literature Teaching
Authors: Gutiérrez Picón Jesús Antonio
Published: August 2022

The works of Hemingway exhibit his mastery of the use of categories of point of view. In this inquiry of For Whom the Bell Tolls, the changes in the perspective of the narrator and the discourses of the characters have been analyzed, as constituents considered to discover changes in the perspective of the narrator, as well as in the categories of discourse and the thinking of the characters. As a result, the purpose of this research was the search for a connection between the author's point of view choices and the sociopolitical aspects present in the novel, by representing a different perspective to the current analysis of literary texts for the teaching of English as foreign language. The methodology is qualitative, the research design is documental, at descriptive and correlational level. The categories of the speech and thought presentation model and the sociopolitical approach were used for this research. The study demonstrated the existence of an intrinsic relationship between the sociopolitical approach and the different categories of the speech and thought presentation model, which represents a new approach in the teaching of literature in the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL).

Key words: Ernest Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Sociopolitical Approach, Point of View Approach, EFL
Transforming the Learning of English through Recontextualisation: from the Notebook to the Computer Graphic Organiser
Authors: Puentes-Rodriguez Maria-Fernanda , Gomez Salazar Alexandra , Gonzalez Gutierrez Germinton , Biancha Ramírez Hector
Published: August 2022

This study explores the experiences of a group of students, from a disadvantage background, with the use of Computer Graphic Organisers (CGOs) in their English as a Foreign Language (EFL) class. More specifically, the paper analyses students’ recontextualisation of their English language learning process in performing reading comprehension activities. The participants were students from the Distrito de Aguablanca in Cali, enrolled in a Computer System Technician Program in a state funded institution. Action research was carried out for 12 weeks using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition Model (SAMR) to enable the integration of technology in the classroom. Data were collected through, focus group, semi-structured interviews, observations.  The results reveal that CGOs are effective for the learning process of students.  The study concludes that the introduction of technology through the use of CGOs requires a willingness on the part of the teacher to bring about technological change in the classroom, and an openness to the effective recontextualisation of the students’ learning process. Furthermore, it shows that recontextualisation and CGOs have a positive impact on the students learning and creativity which in turn improve their performance and attitudes towards English language learning.
Optimalisasi Program Tanggap Stunting dengan Pangan Aman dan Sehat di Kota Bandung dalam Perspektif Smart City
Authors: Lutpi Supi Ainul , Suparman Nanang , Miharja Sakrim
Published: August 2022

In order to improve public services, the City of Bandung as one of the cities in Indonesia that has implemented a smart city is increasingly trying to optimize its services, including health services, one of which is in dealing with the problem of stunting. Where in 2020, the stunting rate in the city of Bandung increased to 8.86%. To that end, the Bandung City government created the Bandung Tanginas program (Tanggap Stunting Dengan Pangan Aman Dan Sehat) which is a program aimed at enabling the City of Bandung to become a City with Zero News Stunting. Therefore, the goal to be achieved in this research is to find out how to optimize the Tanginas Program in Bandung City from a Smart city Perspective. This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the optimization of the Tanginas program in the city of Bandung seen from the smart city perspective is still not optimal. This is based on the limited amount of healthy food intake, population density, lack of green open space and the lack of use of information technology.
Processos formativos na educação profissional e tecnológica
Authors: Santos Fábio , Souza Francisco , Maia Sonia
Published: August 2022

A Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) é um campo epistêmico apontado pela literatura crítica como essencial para a constituição de instituições educativas capazes de formar trabalhadores nas perspectivas crítica, integradora, humanizadora, emancipadora e transformadora. Essa obra se arquiteta na direção de colaborar com o pensamento integrador necessário para conceber alternativas criativas e assertivas para as problemáticas do saber e fazer docente em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. O conteúdo da obra realça temáticas e experiências desenvolvidas que desvelam significativo impacto social na oferta da educação profissional, realçando preocupação com um projeto de sociedade crítica e solidária. Os capítulos realçam consistentes produções de conhecimento sobre a EPT no contexto do Programa de Pós-graduação em nível Mestrado Profissional em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica em Rede Nacional (PROFEPT) e de outros Programas de Pós-Graduação.
Methods of euphemistic substitution in taboo speech (based on the Yakut language)
Authors: Pavlova Irina
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the problem of linguistic taboos and euphemisms in the material of the Yakut language and Sakha culture. In the traditional culture of the Yakut people, the phenomenon of taboo led to the creation of substitute words in the language system, which are secondary nominations. Studying the mechanisms of their emergence, it is possible to study the interaction of human thinking, its language and the surrounding reality. The aim of our study was the means of euphemisms formation: an extensive dictionary of euphemisms, compiled by the author on the basis of several sources, is subjected to study. The various techniques of euphemistic substitution are identified primarily in terms of semantics. The euphemism and the tabooed word are linked in most cases by a metaphor based on figurative associations. At the same time, there is a transposition, which is based not only on semantic, but also on the functional juxtaposition of the linguistic units. Euphemisms are nominations based on metonymy, synecdoche, synonymy, antonymy, foreign words, dialectal and obsolete words are used as substitutes. The principles of synonymic and hyper-hyponymic substitution are also relevant. The latter are based on the logical periphrasis, an indirect descriptive designation of the object and phenomenon of reality. In most cases, the semantic components of euphemisms are related to the background knowledge of native speakers about a given reality. The cultural and historical background surrounding each word is an integral component of the meaning of the nomination. The presence of a special term kharys tyl in the Yakut language, naming protective words, i.e. euphemisms, demonstrates a special attitude to the word performing magical functions in the human collective.
Nursing staff’s instrument for change-of-shift reporting - SBAR (Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation): validation and application
Authors: Felipe Tânia Roberta Limeira , Spiri Wilza Carla , Juliani Carmen Maria Casquel Monti , Mutro Maria Eugênia Guerra
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate and apply a change-of-shift instrument using the SBAR (Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation) tool. Methods: methodological study for the validation of an instrument. It was validated by ten judges from the area of nursing teaching and care and applied in a surgical gastroenterology ward by 11 nursing technicians in February 2019. The analyses considered descriptive statistics. Results: the judges analyzed the instrument with a content validity index of 91.7% and made suggestions, which led to the second version of the instrument. The participants reported that the predominant modality of shift handover is oral, in the nursing room, lasting six to ten minutes. Most pay attention during shift change, mention that delays and early departures interfere in the activity and believe that the instrument provides the necessary information and is viable. Conclusions: the instrument built was validated, and its application proved relevant, as it was considered necessary and feasible.
Temporal trend of accidents due to percutaneous exposure in a public hospital in Brazil, 2007-2019
Authors: Pereira Renan Sallazar Ferreira , Santos Cecília Angelita dos , Pimenta Adriano Marçal
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the temporal trend of accidents due to percutaneous exposure in a public hospital in Brazil, between 2007 and 2019, according to sociodemographic and professional characteristics. Methods: analysis of time series of accidents due to percutaneous exposure that occurred in health workers. Sociodemographic and professional variables, accident profile, post-accident behavior and accident incidence rates were evaluated. The Prais Winsten regression was used for trend analysis and calculation of the annual percentage change, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 761 occupational accidents were recorded. There was a downward trend in the rate of percutaneous injuries among female workers (-0.012%; p=0.009), who had secondary education (-0.011%; p=0.035) and among all health professional categories (-0.010%; p =0.019). There was an increasing trend (0.018%; p= 0.050) among workers with ≥ 61 months of professional experience. Conclusions: the analysis showed a decreasing incidence of percutaneous accidents, which can be explained by multiple factors.
O antígeno carboidrato CA 19-9 poderia ser um biomarcador útil no diagnóstico, prognóstico e acompanhamento da obstrução baixa do trato urinário?
Authors: SHIDA MARCIA EMILIA FRANCISCO , DELLÊ HUMBERTO , QUEIROZ MARCIA SILVA
Published: August 2022

RESUMO Introdução: a válvula de uretra posterior representa uma importante causa de doença renal crônica na infância. A identificação de biomarcadores que monitorem danos renais precoces e o sucesso da desobstrução do trato urinário podem reduzir o número de pacientes que evoluem para insuficiência renal. Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho do biomarcador antígeno carboidrato CA 19-9 nas obstruções parciais do trato urinário. Método: 46 ratas Wistar foram divididas em 5 grupos: grupo controle; grupo OIV: obstrução infravesical; grupo OIVd: obstrução infravesical com alívio da obstrução após 7 dias; grupo OUu: obstrução ureteral unilateral; grupo OUb: obstrução ureteral bilateral. O desempenho do CA 19-9 foi comparado a outro biomarcador, a Ngal. A dosagem de CA 19-9 e Ngal na urina e no sangue, e os níveis de creatinina sérica foram avaliados nas ratas antes da cirurgia (T0) e após 14 dias (T1). O grupo OIVd foi submetido a uma coleta intermediária (Ti). Resultados: a concentração urinária de CA19-9 aumentou nos grupos OIV, OIVd e OUb; a elevação em T1 e Ti alcançou significância estatística em relação ao valor de T0 (p<0,05). As alterações no CA 19-9 urinário foram mais expressivas nos grupos de obstrução infravesical (AUC 0,81). O alívio da obstrução no grupo OIVd promoveu redução do CA 19-9 urinário (p<0,05). Conclusões: a concentração urinária de CA19-9 aumentou na obstrução parcial do trato urinário. Seu melhor desempenho foi no grupo de obstrução infravesical, no qual a elevação foi detectada precocemente (6 dias de pós-operatório) com queda após a retirada do fator obstrutivo.
Could CA 19-9 be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of adequate relief in lower urinary tract obstructions?
Authors: SHIDA MARCIA EMILIA FRANCISCO , DELLÊ HUMBERTO , QUEIROZ MARCIA SILVA
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: posterior urethral valves represent an important cause of childhood chronic kidney disease. The identification of biomarkers that indicate early kidney damage and even adequate clearance could reduce how many patients head towards kidney failure. Objective: this study evaluated how this easy-analysis biomarker (CA 19-9) could help identifying potential renal damage and adequate clearance in obstructive uropathies. Methods: 46 female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, with different patterns of partial urinary tract obstruction: group control; group OIV: infravesical obstruction; group OIVd: infravesical obstruction with reversion, obstruction relief 7 postoperative days later; group OUu: unilateral ureteral obstruction; group OUb: bilateral ureteral obstruction. The CA 19-9s performance was compared to another biomarker: Ngal. Determination of basal CA 19-9 and Ngal in urine and blood and serum creatinine levels was performed in the rats prior to surgery (T0) and after 14 days (T1). Group OIVd underwent intermediate (Ti) collection before clearance. Results: the urinary concentration of CA 19-9 increased in groups OIV, OIVd and OUb; elevation at T1 and Ti, reached statistical significance compared to the T0 value (p<0,05). Changes in urinary CA 19-9 were more expressive in infravesical obstruction groups (AUC 0.81). Obstruction relief in group OIVd promoted significant urinary CA 19-9 reduction (p<0,05) in the final evaluation. Conclusions: CA 19-9 urinary concentration increased in partial urinary tract obstruction. Its best performance was in the bladder neck obstruction group, in which the elevation was detected early (6 days after infravesical obstruction) and the CA19-9 urinary concentration declined after clearance.
Cómo utilizar los sueños en el psicoanálisis con psicóticos
Authors: Labaronnie Celeste
Published: August 2022

Resumen Este artículo apunta a ofrecer soluciones prácticas a los atolladeros más comunes que suelen presentarse al momento de utilizar los sueños en el psicoanálisis con psicóticos, como la indiferenciación entre sueño, realidad y delirio, la dificultad de algunos psicóticos para asociar y el avance de las pesadillas. Se toma posición a favor de la posibilidad de utilizar los sueños en la clínica de las psicosis y se describen los modos en que estos pueden colaborar en la dirección de la cura: poniendo en discurso experiencias inefables, permitiendo la historización y sustituyendo la asociación libre por el encadenamiento entre sueños. Se concluye que la vía onírica puede constituir un remedio eficaz contra el retorno en lo real y que es preferible interrogar los sueños con preguntas no muy amplias, orientadas a vincularlos con la vida del soñante y su posición subjetiva.
Hegemonia do patriarcado numa perspectiva etológica e outros sistemas sociais contemporâneos
Authors: Faverin Emily , Corrêa Rafael Domingues , Caroza Renata , Lima Francisco Matheus Fontes de , Marcomini Isabela , Sobreira Luiza , Vidal Ana Clara Umbelino do Nascimento Cortizo
Published: August 2022

Resumo No mundo contemporâneo, o patriarcado se estabeleceu de forma hegemônica, por isso, este estudo tem como propósito investigar hipóteses sobre a origem evolutiva desse sistema, explorar os motivos para tal construção social e discutir a filopatria masculina como possível causa da manutenção da estrutura patriarcal. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e estudos etológicos foi possível analisar os comportamentos, conceitos, origens, padrões e conformações em nível filogenético desse sistema social. Além disso, verifica-se a existência de sociedades contemporâneas que se contrapõem ao patriarcalismo por possuírem organizações matrilineares, matrilocais e matriarcais. Dessa maneira, apesar da hegemonia do sistema patriarcal, essa estrutura não é única e estática, sendo seu dinamismo evidenciado por conformações sociais existentes na contemporaneidade.
Ethylene responsive element binding factors contributes to waterlogging tolerance by regulating photosynthetic and physiological parameters in petunia
Authors: Yin Dongmei , Wang Yueyue , Han1 Zhuqing , Sun Daoyang
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: Ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERFs) are widely involved in the regulation of plant responses to different abiotic stresses. In petunia (Petunia × hybrida), PhERF2 belonging to the subfamily Ⅶ of ERF transcription factors participates in the response to waterlogging stress. In this study, we investigated waterlogging tolerance variation of WT and transgenic petunia plants with RNAi silencing and overexpression of PhERF2 through photosynthetic and physiological performance. Chlorophyll content and root vigor declined continuously in both WT and PhERF2 transgenic lines under waterlogging stress, but the extent of the fall in PhERF2-overexpressing lines was less than that in WT and PhERF2-RNAi lines. At the end of waterlogging treatment, soluble protein levels in PhERF2-overexpressing lines were significantly higher than those in WT and PhERF2-RNAi lines, while the latter showed a higher malondialdehyde content overall. Different degrees of reductions in Pn, Gs, and Tr levels occurred in both WT and PhERF2 transgenic lines upon exposure to waterlogging. The Ci levels of PhERF2-overexpressing lines decreased after 3 hours of waterlogging treatment, and the Ci levels of WT and PhERF2-RNAi lines gradually increased from 6 to 72 hours of waterlogging treatment. These data suggested that non-stomatal factors were the primary limiting factors for Pn in WT and PhERF2-RNAi lines under severe stress, while the stomatal opening was the main factor limiting Pn in PhERF2-overexpressing lines. Our results demonstrated that the contribution of PhERF2 to the waterlogging tolerance of petunia appears to depend on the regulation of physiological and photosynthetic responses. PhERF2 represents a hopeful candidate gene for enhancing waterlogging tolerance of ornamental plants.
In vitro development and acclimatization of Cyrtopodium aliciae L. Linden & Rolfe, an endemic species of the Chapada Diamantina
Authors: Oliveira Jardel de , Moraes Milena Cristina , Custódio Ceci Castilho , Machado Neto Nelson Barbosa
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: Orchids are valued as ornamental plants, bioindicators, and medicinal plants, which implies that some species may be over-collected. Some inhabit very fragile environments and are under threat by the misuse of habitats and anthropogenic impacts. The search for beautiful plants and flowers has increased the number of facilities for micropropagation either by seeding or by cloning plants using in vitro techniques. However, not all species have appropriate media for growth and development that would help in conservation efforts. Cyrtopodium aliciae is an endemic species of rupestrian grassland in Brazil t. It has appeal as an ornamental plant or for use in hybridisation programs dueo its small size and white brownish-purple dotted flowers. This study compared three different media, namely ½ concentration Murashige and Skoog (MS), Vacin and Wendt, and Knudson C, during plant growth and their effect on the acclimatization of Cyrtopodium aliciae. The number and length of shoots and roots, increase in mass, and survival in vitro and ex vitro were analyzed. The experiment was conducted as completely random with a factorial arrangement of treatments (3 × 3) with 10 repetitions per treatment containing 10 plants for the in vitro experiment and 3 repetitions of 10 plants for the ex vitro experiment. Cyrtopodium aliciae performed better in the ½ concentration MS medium with a higher increase in mass, plant development, and survival under both in vitro and ex vitro conditions.
Impact of persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on indicators of innate and adaptive immune function in holstein calves and cows
Authors: Gomes Viviani , Basqueira Natália Sobreira , Silva Karen Nascimento da , Pituco Edviges Maristela , Pacito Sara Altissimo , Hurley David John
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: We evaluated some indicators of innate and humoral immune response in persistently infected (PI) Holstein calves and cows from 1 to 36 months of age matched with controls from the same herd. The effects were cataloged by grouping animals into the following age groups: <12 months, 13 to 24 months, and 25 to 36 months of age. Blood samples were collected once from each animal to measure total serum protein, haptoglobin, and neutralizing antibodies titers induced by respiratory virus vaccination. Total serum protein (g/dL) was lowest in PI calves younger until 24 months old, while haptoglobin concentration was higher in PI cattle. The serum neutralizing titers against BVDV and BRSV were lower in all PI calves and cattle than in controls. PI cattle have a high serum concentration of haptoglobin, and its possible dysregulated innate immune response appears to impact the efficacy of their adaptative immune responses, resulting in poor vaccine responsiveness.
Fuel consumption by agricultural machinery: a review of pollutant emission control technologies
Authors: Silveira Franco da , Machado Filipe Molinar , Farias Marcelo Silveira de , Schlosser José Fernando
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: Most energy used to operate agricultural machines in the field is generated from fossil fuel combustion. The combustion process emits atmospheric pollutants, increasing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In this context, this review is to discuss technologies for mitigating diesel engine GHG emissions to advance sustainable development in the agricultural machinery sector. This paper presents strategies and technologies widely adopted by agricultural machinery manufacturers in controlling pollutant emissions during fuel combustion. The findings of this study encompass sustainable alternative technologies, such as selective catalytic reduction, exhaust gas recirculation, diesel particulate filter, and fuels. This study helps reveal the environmental impact of agricultural field operations that generate GHG emissions.
Optimizing in vitro growth of basil using LED lights
Authors: Oliveira Rayssa Camargo de , Luz José Magno Queiroz , Santos Andréia Pereira dos , Oliveira Roberta Camargos de , Blank Arie Fitzgerald
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: Tissue culture is an important technique for assessing the influence of light on plant growth. This study evaluated the in vitro cultivation of Ocimum basilicum cultivars under different light sources. First, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fluorescent and LED (Light Emitting Diode) light sources (yellow, blue, green, and red) on five basil cultivars (Cinnamon, Grecco a Palla, Italian Large, Limoncino, and Maria Bonita), followed by, another experiment, with two LED lights (Growlux and Blue). In vitro basil plants did not exhibit good growth under yellow lamps. The size of the roots of Cinnamon, Grecco a Palla and Limoncino cultivars under the two light conditions were similar. Moreover, the luminous condition of the Growlux lamps generated a greater quantity of leaves and fresh, and dry weight than blue LED lamps for Cinnamon, Grecco a Palla and Limoncino cultivars. Thus, it was concluded that the Growlux lamps promoted a greater amount of basil biomass.
Access to contraception during the Covid-19 pandemic: barriers and perspectives
Authors: Travassos Ana Gabriela Álvares , Aquino Talita Rocha de , Almeida Carla Santos , Brito Milena Bastos
Published: August 2022

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which started in December 2019, was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an international public health emergency in January 2020, with an impact on access to sexual and reproductive health services for women. Objective To discuss contraception in the pandemic context, based on current public policies and the world and Brazilian scenario. Method This is an opinion article, which describes the barriers and possible solutions for access to qualified sexual and reproductive health care for women. Results Relevant topics were explored, such as: the change in the logistics of services, the reduction in the number of consultations, the difficulty in importing contraceptives, the lack of trained professionals, and the bureaucratization of access to contraceptives methods. The use of telemedicine and the strengthening of Primary Health Care are considered strategies to guarantee access and change the reality of women. Conclusion In this context, it is necessary to maintain the actions of sexual and reproductive planning services to prevent injuries from unplanned pregnancies and increase maternal morbidity and mortality.
Antioxidant extract of black rice prevents renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis caused by ethanol-induced toxicity
Authors: Alnamshan M. M.
Published: August 2022

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of extracted natural antioxidants from black rice and their effect on kidney failure and renal cirrhosis caused by ethanol-induced toxicity. Antioxidant activity in terms of total phenol content, flavonoid compounds and anthocyanin, as well as antioxidant capacity, was determined in an extract of black rice. The findings noted that the black rice extract contained high amounts of antioxidant activity and capacity. Total phenolic compounds from black rice extract were fractionated using HPLC and the results showed that ferulic, sinapic, ascorbic, salicylic and coumaric acids were the highest in the extract. Biological experiments were performed on male albino adult rats (40 animals, 10 rats for each group), divided into four groups. After five weeks, kidney functions and protein fractions were assessed. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) enzyme activities were determined in all groups. The results found that kidney function, total protein, albumin and globulin were affected by renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis in the positive control (PC), whereas groups 3 and 4 noted an improvement in renal function nearly or equal to the healthy rats which were fed on a basal diet. Furthermore, the PC group showed significantly decreased levels of enzymatic antioxidants, namely SOD and GSH with a concomitant elevated MDA level compared with those in the negative rats fed on a basal diet. Groups 3 and 4 also reported improvements in enzyme activity. These results were further supported by histopathological findings which revealed a curative effect in groups 3 and 4, which avoided renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis from ethanol-induced toxicity. From the results, it can be said that the black rice extract with the highest amounts of antioxidants led to improvements in all parameters, especially kidney function, total protein, albumin, and globulin, in addition to enzyme activity. Therefore, black rice can be recommended as a benefit to general health.
Microorganisms: the secret agents of the biosphere, and their key roles in biotechnology
Authors: Oliveira Valeria Maia , Andreote Fernando Dini , Cortelo Patricia Cardoso , Castro-Gamboa Ian , Costa-Lotufo Leticia V. , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes T. M. , Thiemann Otávio H. , Setubal João Carlos
Published: August 2022

Abstract We present a survey of projects that have been funded by FAPESP under the BIOTA-Microorganisms program. These projects generated a wide variety of results, including the identification of novel antibacterial-producing microorganisms, the characterization of novel microbial enzymes for industrial applications, taxonomic classification of novel microorganisms in several environments, investigation of the soil and mangrove microbial ecosystems and its influence on endangered plant species, and the sequencing of novel metagenome-assembled genomes. The results surveyed demonstrate the importance of microorganisms in environments that play important roles in human activities as well as the potential that many of these microorganisms have in contributing to biotechnological applications crucial for human survival in the 21st century.
Salicylic acid and proline modulate water stress tolerance in a traditional variety of cowpeas
Authors: Jales Filho Renato C. , Melo Yuri L. , Viégas Pedro R. A. , Oliveira Auta P. da S. , Almeida Neto Venâncio E. de , Ferraz Rener L. de S. , Gheyi Hans R. , Carol Pierre , Lacerda Claudivan F. de , Melo Alberto S. de
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Exogenous applications of chemical compounds stimulate changes in plant metabolism and promote tolerance to different environmental stresses, including water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of salicylic acid (SA) and proline (PRO) to reduce water stress in a traditional variety of cowpea in a typical Brazilian semiarid climate. A completely randomized design was used in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with five replicates. Two irrigation regimes were evaluated corresponding to 100% (W100) and 50% of daily evapotranspiration (W50), respectively, with the addition of the following four attenuators: control (distilled water), SA (550 mg L-1), PRO (690 mg L-1), and 690 mg L-1 PRO + 550 mg L-1 SA. The treatments promoted changes in osmotic and antioxidant metabolism, which may contribute to the tolerance mechanisms of cowpea plants to water stress. The application of SA increased osmoregulator synthesis and protein concentrations, and modulated antioxidant enzyme activity in the cowpea plants under water stress. PRO concentrations increased synergistically in plants treated with PRO and SA, particularly in 50% of water replacement.
Biostimulant use in pangolão grass Digitaria pentzii subjected to saline stress
Authors: Leite Mauricio L. de M. V. , Silva Manuévely C. da , Simões Vicente J. L. P. , Lucena Leandro R. R. de , Sales Aldo T.
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Salinity caused by excess salts in soil solutions is one of the most limiting environmental stresses in agriculture worldwide. In this scenario, among strategies that favor the expression of the genetic potential of plants, the use of biostimulants stands out. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a seaweed-based biostimulant on growth, forage production, gas exchange, and accumulation of sodium and potassium ions in pangolão grass (Digitaria pentzii) under saline stress. The experiment was conducted from March to July 2019 using a randomized block design, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme with two concentrations of biostimulant (0 and 8 mL L-1) and three electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.03, 2 and 4 dS m-1), with four replicates. The accumulation of 50 µmol g-1 of sodium in leaves corresponded to a reduction of 0.3 g of dry matter in the leaf blade production per plot. The biostimulant did not influence the structural characteristics, phytomass accumulation, or stomatal conductance of the pangolão grass, regardless of salinity. At the level of 4 dS m-1 in irrigation water, the ionic stress toxicity due to the accumulation of salts in the aerial part of pangolão grass was more severe. This is the first evidence of the “moderate” salinity tolerance of pangolão grass in semi-arid regions.
H2O2 alleviates salt stress effects on photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic pigments of cotton genotypes
Authors: Veloso Luana L. de S. A. , Azevedo Carlos A. V. de , Nobre Reginaldo G. , Lima Geovani S. de , Capitulino Jessica D. , Silva Francisco de A. da
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantum yield and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments of naturally colored cotton genotypes under irrigation with waters of different electrical conductivities and foliar applications of hydrogen peroxide. The design used was randomized blocks in a 4 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 25, 50 and 75 μM), three genotypes of colored fiber cotton (‘BRS Rubi’, ‘BRS Topázio’ and ‘BRS Verde’) and two values of electrical conductivity of water (0.8 and 5.3 dS m-1), with three replicates. Irrigation with water of 5.3 dS m-1 reduces the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll concentrations of ‘BRS Rubi’ cotton. The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence and quantum efficiency of photosystem II of ‘BRS Rubi’ cotton increased under irrigation with 0.8 dS m-1 water and foliar application of 50 μM of hydrogen peroxide. Water of 5.3 dS m-1 and foliar applications of 75 μM of hydrogen peroxide reduce the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, but did not cause damage to the efficiency of photosystem II of the colored cotton genotypes.
Potassium fertilization in the cultivation of sour passion fruit under irrigation strategies with brackish water
Authors: Pinheiro Francisco W. A. , Lima Geovani S. de , Sousa Pedro F. do N. , Souza Weslley B. B. de , Soares Lauriane A. dos A. , Gheyi Hans R. , Felix Charles M. , Paiva Francisco J. da S.
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian semiarid region, the occurrence of water sources with high salt concentrations stands out as a limiting factor for the production of most crops under irrigated conditions. This research was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of sour passion fruit as a function of brackish water irrigation strategies and potassium doses. The experiment was carried out under field conditions using a randomized block design in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of six strategies of irrigation with brackish water (irrigation with water of 1.3 dS m-1 throughout the cycle - WS; irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m-1 in the vegetative stage - VE; flowering stage - FL; fruiting stage - FR; in the successive vegetative/flowering stages - VE/FL; vegetative/fruiting stages - VE/FR) and two potassium doses: 60 and 100% (345 g of K2O per plant per year) of recommendation, with four replicates and three plants per plot. Irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m-1 in the flowering stage or continuously in the vegetative and flowering stages reduced the yield and size of sour passion fruit. Fertilization with 60% of K is recommended for the production of sour passion fruits with greater polar diameter. It is feasible to cultivate sour passion fruit under irrigation with 4.0 dS m-1 of water in the flowering and fruiting stages and fertilization with 60% of the K recommendation without losses in ascorbic acid and total soluble sugars.
Use of graphite in the distribution of rice seeds with constant flow seed metering device
Authors: Savi Daniel , Zimmermann Gabriel G. , Jasper Samir P. , Sobenko Luiz R.
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT The performance of the seed metering mechanism is evaluated according to the deposition uniformity during its operation and interference in the seed quality. The study aimed to assess the influence of graphite on the deposition homogeneity and the break index of rice seeds, distributed with a constant flow metering device with different exposition rates of the fluted roller. The rice seeds were treated with 4 g of graphite per kilogram and had a sowing density of 100 kg ha-1. The completely randomized design was arranged in a double factorial scheme (2 × 5). The first factor was the use of graphite, and the second was the fluted roller exposition rate (20; 40; 60; 80; and 100%). The sowing density and the coefficient of variation were collected by gravimetry using a load cell. The use of graphite as a solid lubricant decreased the mechanical damage. Nevertheless, it also reduced the homogeneity in seed distribution. The increase of the roller exposition rate negatively interfered with the coefficient of distribution variation and positively with the break index of rice seeds, not influencing the sowing density. In this way, the use of graphite as a solid lubricant for sowing small grains distributed from the fluted rotor becomes promising.
Performance of a diesel engine using different biodiesel blends and injection configurations
Authors: Sala José A. , Schlosser José F. , Bertollo Gilvan M. , Herzog Daniela , Bertinatto Rovian , Romano Leonardo N.
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Diesel cycle engines are widely used in a wide range of agricultural activities. Recently, with the increasing use of biodiesel mixed with petroleum diesel and the introduction of pollutant emission regulations for agricultural and road machinery, there has been a growing migration from mechanical to electronic fuel injection systems. In this experiment, the primary aim was to verify the behavior of a diesel engine, electronically managed, with controlled variation of the fuel feeding system parameters (injection time and volume injected). A four-cylinder agricultural tractor with a turbocharged engine and a common rail electronic fuel injection system was used. Tests with diesel B10 and blends of 20 and 30% biodiesel were carried out, all with 10 ppm of sulfur and the injection system electronically reprogrammed. The tests were performed under full engine load from 1,300 to 2,000 rpm. The torque, power and fuel consumption were evaluated. Advancing the injection point increased the power and decreased the specific fuel consumption for all fuels. The greater amount of injected fuel provided average power gain of up to 14.96% and average torque gain of 15.50%.
INFLUENCE OF THE DENSITY AND DISTANCE OF Digitaria horizontalis Willd IN THE BIOMETRIC AND NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS OF PRE-SPROUTED SEEDLINGS OF SUGARCANE
Authors: SCHEDENFFELDT BRUNA FERRARI , SANTOS PAULO HENRIQUE VIEIRA DOS , HIRATA ANDRÉIA CRISTINA SILVA , SOARES MARCIO ROBERTO , MONQUERO PATRÍCIA ANDREA
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Sugarcane is one of the main agricultural crops in Brazil and the presence of weeds in production areas can affect growth, development and accumulation of nutrients of the crop, which may relate to the density and area of influence of the weeds in the field. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the density and distance of crabgrass (Digitaria horizontalis Willd) on the development of pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) of sugarcane of the variety IAC SP 95-5000. We conducted the experiment in a greenhouse in a randomized design with four repetitions. We evaluated height, leaf area, aerial dry biomass, and nutritional analysis of leaf tissue of the PSS after the weeds flowered at 84 days. The crabgrass did not interfere in the biometric and nutritional parameters when they were 18 and 24 cm away from the crop. Regardless of the planting density and the density of 80 plants m-2 of crabgrass for all distances, we considered the distance of six cm between the crop and the weeds critical for the crop, since they significantly reduced height, leaf area, and aerial dry biomass of the PSS. The crabgrass was a potential competitor for N, P, K, Mn, Fe, and Zn with the PSS in the conditions of 2, 6, and 12 cm when they were in 40 and 80 plants m-2.
IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES OF RESISTANCE AGAINST CHARCOAL ROT IN COWPEA
Authors: ARAÚJO KECIA MAYARA GALVÃO DE , NASCIMENTO LUAN FELIPE SANTOS DO , SIQUEIRA E SILVA PEDRO IVO SILVESTRE , BOREL JERÔNIMO CONSTANTINO , SILVA KAESEL JACKSON DAMASCENO E , ISHIKAWA FRANCINE HIROMI
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important socioeconomic crop in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast and more recently in the Midwest of Brazil. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, is an important disease in semiarid regions, where edaphoclimatic conditions are favorable to the development of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of 100 cowpea lines to two isolates of M. phaseolina. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with five replications (two plants per pot). The main variables evaluated were lesion length and relative growth compared to control (RGCC). Among the evaluated accessions, 15% of the lines were resistant to isolate 59 and 11% of the lines were resistant to isolate CMM 2106 of M. phaseolina. Therefore, these accessions can be used as a source of resistance to M. phaseolina by farmers directly as new cultivars or in future hybridizations of cowpea genetic breeding programs.
FUNGICIDE SPRAYING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTROL OF ASIAN RUST IN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS
Authors: MORAES LAURÍCIO RIBEIRO DE , RIBEIRO LILIANNE MARTINS
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT The adequacy of spraying technology in the control of Asian rust to factors related to soybean cultivars and fungicide type is fundamental for the efficiency in the control of this disease. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the chemical control of Asian soybean rust and the deposition of the fungicide applied in the crop, according to different volumes and spray nozzles. Four field experiments were set up during the 2014/2015 season, each carried out with one soybean cultivar, using: NA 5909 RR®, NS 7237 IPRO®, BMX Potência RR® and W 712 RR®. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor corresponded to the use of fungicides: [pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole] and [pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole] + mancozeb; the second factor, types of spray nozzle: double and triple fan; and the last factor, application volume: 60 and 120 L ha-1. The highest application volume resulted in greater deposition of droplets in the canopy of the plants, regardless of the fungicide, type of spray nozzle and cultivar. The association of fungicides [pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole] + mancozeb showed greater efficacy in controlling rust, regardless of the type of spray nozzle and the volume applied when compared to [pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole]. The highest volume of application promoted less disease evolution in the cultivars NA 5909 RR®, NS 7237 IPRO® and BMX Potência RR®. The yields of the cultivar were higher when the combination [pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole] + mancozeb was used.
CHALCIDIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) ASSOCIATED WITH A SEMIARID REGION IN BAHIA, BRAZIL
Authors: PAULA RITA DE CÁSSIA ANTUNES LIMA DE , PÉREZ-MALUF RAQUEL , MOREIRA ALDENISE ALVES
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Chalcididae is a family of parasitoids with wide distribution and great richness, with almost 1,500 described species. Its diversity might be greater than that known today, mainly due to the few existing studies and its taxonomic complexity. Studies in semiarid regions are scarce and necessary to contribute to the biogeographic knowledge of the neotropical fauna. Therefore, the objective of this work was to record Chalcididae species that occur in the municipality of Barra do Choça, in the Semiarid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Five Malaise traps were distributed in two areas with native vegetation and an area with eucalyptus plantation, which were monitored monthly for two consecutive years. The insects were sorted and specimens of the family Chalcididae were identified at the species level, when possible. A total of 182 specimens from five genera (Aspirrhina Kyrbi, 1883; Brachymeria Westwood, 1829; Conura Spinola, 1837; Dirhinus Dalman, 1818, and Haltichella Spinola, 1811), and 18 species were identified and 32 were morphotyped. The genus Conura was the most abundant and the most diverse, with 12 species identified and 30 potential new species. The native vegetation presented higher abundance and higher taxonomic wealth, mainly in the area at initial stage of succession (capoeira). The eucalyptus area presented low diversity, with predominance of Brachymeria species. The species C. nigricornis presented the highest relative frequency. This study constitutes the first list of Chalcididae species in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The sampling carried out in the state Bahia showed an important diversity of Chalcididae species when compared to other regions of Brazil.
SOIL CARBON STOCKS AND COMPARTMENTS OF ORGANIC MATTER UNDER CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS IN BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION
Authors: MEDEIROS ALDAIR DE SOUZA , SOARES ANTÔNIO ADOLFO SILVA , MAIA STOÉCIO MALTA FERREIRA
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the conversion of secondary native vegetation (NV) to conventional systems (agriculture and pasture) in soil organic carbon (SOC) and carbon of fractions particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The study was carried out in the municipalities of Delmiro Gouveia, Inhapi and Pariconha, in Alagoas, Brazil. Soils were collected in the layers of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. The treatments analyzed were: agricultural crops with 4, 15 and 30 years and pasture with 10 years. As a reference, the secondary Caatinga was used. The results show that in soils with sandy texture (Neossolos Quartzarênico and Regolítico – Arenosols and Regosols, respectively), there were reductions in SOC levels and carbon in the compartment associated with minerals. The inverse can be observed in the clay-textured Argissolo (Acrisols), with 30 years of cultivation, in which there was an increase in SOC and C in the quantitative fractions of soil organic matter. In addition, despite the sandy texture of the Neossolo Regolítico, POM levels were increased in the pasture system in comparison to native vegetation, but it was not enough to recover the original SOC content of this system.