bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Plant Biostimulants: A Sustainable Way towards Improving Growth, Productivity, and Health of Crops
Authors: Hamid Basharat , Zaman Muzafar , Farooq Shabeena , Fatima Sabah , Sayyed R. Z. , Baba Zahoor Ahmad , Sheikh Tahir Ahmad , Reddy Munagala S. , El Enshasy Hesham , Gafur Abdul , Suriani Ni Luh
Published: March 2021

This review presents a comprehensive and systematic study of the field of bacterial plant biostimulants and considers the fundamental and innovative principles underlying this technology. Plant biostimulants are an important tool for modern agriculture as part of an integrated crop management (ICM) system, helping make agriculture more sustainable and resilient. Plant biostimulants contain substance(s) and/or microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to enhance plant nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, biocontrol, and crop quality. The use of plant biostimulants has gained substantial and significant heed worldwide as an environmentally friendly alternative to sustainable agricultural production. At present, there is an increasing curiosity in industry and researchers about microbial biostimulants, especially bacterial plant biostimulants (BPBs), to improve crop growth and productivity. The BPBs that are based on PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) play plausible roles to promote/stimulate crop plant growth through several mechanisms that include (i) nutrient acquisition by nitrogen (N2) fixation and solubilization of insoluble minerals (P, K, Zn), organic acids and siderophores; (ii) antimicrobial metabolites and various lytic enzymes; (iii) the action of growth regulators and stress-responsive/induced phytohormones; (iv) ameliorating abiotic stress such as drought, high soil salinity, extreme temperatures, oxidative stress, and heavy metals by using different modes of action; and (v) plant defense induction modes. Presented here is a brief review emphasizing the applicability of BPBs as an innovative exertion to fulfill the current food crisis.
The Effects of Landscape Elements on the Breeding Sites of Bloodsucking Midge
Authors: Chang Kaowen Grace , Chien Hungju
Published: March 2021

Forcipomyia taiwana, a bloodsucking midge that is one of the most irritating biting pests in Taiwan, has raised widespread public concern. However, we have little information about the extent to which landscape factors affect their potential habitats. As a result, landscape professionals do not have enough information to implement preventive strategies to control midges. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between landscaping and algae growth for larval breeding sites of Forcipomyia taiwana. The intent is to determine the environmental strategies that make the planned landscape unsuitable for midges to breed. GIS based on data collected from 16 constructed landscape sites (317,187 m2 in total) was utilized to spatially examine the relationship between the occurrence of the algae for midge breeding sites and the ground surface types and planting characteristics in each landscape. The results revealed that the potential midge habitats can be controlled through careful selection of the ground surface, the improvement of the site drainage, and choosing plants with the appropriate characteristics. Apart from choosing the appropriate type of paving surface, the integrity of the paving installation and the coverage of the ecological surface also influence prevention efficacy.
Numerical Modeling of Mine Hoist Disc Brake Temperature for Safer Operation
Authors: Popescu Florin Dumitru , Radu Sorin Mihai , Andraș Andrei , Brînaș Ildiko
Published: March 2021

The sustainable exploitation of raw materials, with improved safety and increased productivity, is closely linked to the development of mechanical mining installations. Mine hoists are designed for the transport of material, equipment and personnel between the mine surface and the underground. The mine hoist braking system is of paramount importance in its safe operation. Thus, for both drum and disc brake systems, the temperature of the friction surfaces is important for ensuring efficient braking, as exceeding the temperature threshold causes a decrease in the braking capacity. In this paper we present a numerical calculation model for the temperature of the braking disc of a mine hoist in the case of emergency braking. A real-scale model was built, based on the cable drive wheel and disc brake system of a hoisting machine used in Romania. Real material characteristics were imposed for the brake discs, the cable drive wheel and the brake pads. The simulation was performed for decelerations of 3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5 m/s2. The analysis shows that regardless of the acceleration and time simulated, the disc temperature reaches its maximum after 1.35 s of emergency braking. This value does not exceed the 327 °C limit where, according to previous studies, the braking power starts to fade. It means that the emergency braking is safe for the acceleration and masses under consideration, in the case of the studied mine hoist.
A Sustainable Approach towards the Retrofit of the Public Housing Building Stock: Energy-Architectural Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Rosso Federica , Peduzzi Arianna , Diana Lorenzo , Cascone Stefano , Cecere Carlo
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, energy retrofit interventions on the existing building stock are of paramount importance towards energy consumption and emissions reductions in the construction sector. Such interventions are also crucial in the view of increasing cities resilience with respect to the intensification of frequent extreme weather events, such as cold spells and heatwaves. Indeed, a wide portion of our cities is dated and lacking with respect to performances. These are the motivations behind the proposed sustainable approach, which deals with the environmental perspective, but also with social and economic ones, by proposing the retrofit of the Public Residential Building stock (Edilizia Residenziale Pubblica, ERP). The objective is to improve the energy performance of ERP stock by means of construction materials coming from local km0 agricultural waste and by-products. The research was conducted by means of in field and numerical analyses of the energy performances of a relevant case study building. Different layers of bio-based, recycled construction materials for the envelope were tested with respect to their efficacy in improving the energy performance of a case study building. The results demonstrate that the most performing envelope solutions and their combination are able to reduce up to 36% of the yearly energy consumption for heating.
African Leafy Vegetables for Improved Human Nutrition and Food System Resilience in Southern Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shayanowako Admire , Morrissey Oliver , Tanzi Alberto , Muchuweti Maud , Mendiondo Guillermina , Mayes Sean , Modi Albert , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe
Published: March 2021

The economic potential of African leafy vegetables (ALVs) remains obscured by a poorly developed value chain. This scoping review assembled and examined scattered knowledge generated on ALVs across southern Africa, focusing on production, processing, marketing, and consumption. Two electronic databases (Scopus and Web of Science) were screened, and a total of 71 relevant studies were included and evaluated. The review provides a state of the art on knowledge related to utilisation of ALVs across the entire value chain. The findings show that functional properties are of prime importance in the production and consumption of ALVs. However, the lack of improved germplasm and a non-existent seed supply system are significant production bottlenecks. Pests and diseases affecting the productivity of ALVs remain mostly unexplored. Sun-drying and boiling were the most reported post-harvest processing methods, suggesting that traditional processing methods are still prominent. Many studies also confirmed the predominance of informal markets in the trading of ALVs as they fail to penetrate formal markets because of poor product positioning and exclusion from produce demand and supply forecasts. The inception of cultivar development, mechanised processing methods, and market linkages will enhance the profitability of ALVs in the region. This review enhances the gaining of insight into the state of different value chain components will assist in upscaling production, value addition of products, and enhance marketing efficiency. There is a great opportunity for basic and applied research into ALVs.
Cultural Sustainability in University Students’ Flamenco Music Event Attendance: A Neural Networks Approach
Authors: De Sancha-Navarro Jesús Manuel , Lara-Rubio Juan , Oliver-Alfonso María Dolores , Palma-Martos Luis
Published: March 2021

University students consume live music; however, almost 40% declare that they have never attended a flamenco show, an intangible heritage of humankind. Numerous studies have shown that cultural capital and socioeconomic profile, among other factors, are variables that influence cultural consumption, and therefore, cultural sustainability. Considering the relationship between several variables, this paper pursues a double objective. On the one hand, identifying the factors that influence attendance at flamenco shows, and on the other, proposing a predictive model that quantifies the likelihood of an individual attending a flamenco show. To this end, we analyse flamenco consumption by means of a survey conducted on 452 university students, using Multilayer Perceptrom (a non-parametric model), a methodology based on an artificial neural network. Our results confirm the importance of cultural capital, as well as personal and external factors, among other. The findings of this research work are of potential interest for management and planning of cultural events, as well as to promote cultural sustainability.
TIN Surface and Radial Viewshed Determination Algorithm Parallelisation on Multiple Computing Machines
Authors: Orlof Jerzy , Ozimek Paweł
Published: March 2021

In this paper we have proposed a method of solving the computer graphic problem of creating a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) surface in large clouds in order to create viewsheds. The method is based on radial TIN surface and viewshed visualization task subdivision using multiple computing machines, which is intended to accelerate the process of generating the complete viewshed.
Two Faces of Water in the Formation and Stabilization of Multicomponent Crystals of Zwitterionic Drug-Like Compounds
Authors: Surov Artem O. , Vasilev Nikita A. , Churakov Andrei V. , Parashchuk Olga D. , Artobolevskii Sergei V. , Alatortsev Oleg A. , Makhrov Denis E. , Vener Mikhail V.
Published: March 2021

Two new hydrated multicomponent crystals of zwitterionic 2-aminonicotinic acid with maleic and fumaric acids have been obtained and thoroughly characterized by a variety of experimental (X-ray analysis and terahertz Raman spectroscopy) and theoretical periodic density functional theory calculations, followed by Bader analysis of the crystalline electron density) techniques. It has been found that the Raman-active band in the region of 300 cm−1 is due to the vibrations of the intramolecular O-H...O bond in the maleate anion. The energy/enthalpy of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds was estimated by several empirical approaches. An analysis of the interaction networks reflects the structure-directing role of the water molecule in the examined multicomponent crystals. A general scheme has been proposed to explain the proton transfer between the components during the formation of multicomponent crystals in water. Water molecules were found to play the key role in this process, forming a “water wire” between the COOH group of the dicarboxylic acid and the COO– group of the zwitterion and the rendering crystal lattice of the considered multicomponent crystals.
Strength Asymmetries in Young Elite Sailors: Windsurfing, Optimist, Laser and 420 Classes
Authors: Caraballo Israel , Casado-Rodríguez Francisco , Gutiérrez-Manzanedo José V. , González-Montesinos José Luis
Published: March 2021

Strength asymmetries in the upper and lower limbs may affect the body movements of the joints or limbs. Although asymmetries in the upper limbs have been studied in sailors, those in lower limbs have not been evaluated in this sport population. The aims of this study were: (i) to analyze lower limb asymmetries in young elite sailors in order to quantify the magnitude of asymmetry between limbs for variables that were established as reliable in a healthy population, and (ii) to evaluate the presence of differences between classes and sexes in inter-limb asymmetries in elite youth sailors. Sixty-eight young Spanish elite sailors (9–19 years of age) participated voluntarily in our study. Single-leg vertical countermovement jump (VCJ), single-leg horizontal countermovement jump and hand dynamometry tests were used to evaluate the strength of the upper and lower limbs. More than 50% of the sailors presented asymmetries in the lower limbs. The boys’ group and Optimist class presented a greater percentage of strength asymmetry.
A New Application of Gauss Quadrature Method for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Srivastava Hari M. , Iqbal Javed , Arif Muhammad , Khan Alamgir , Gasimov Yusif S. , Chinram Ronnason
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new three-step Newton method for solving a system of nonlinear equations. This new method based on Gauss quadrature rule has sixth order of convergence (with n=3). The proposed method solves nonlinear boundary-value problems and integral equations in few iterations with good accuracy. Numerical comparison shows that the new method is remarkably effective for solving systems of nonlinear equations.
The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Akhter Javed , Quéromès Grégory , Pillai Krishna , Kepenekian Vahan , Badar Samina , Mekkawy Ahmed H. , Frobert Emilie , Valle Sarah J. , Morris David L.
Published: March 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of a worldwide pandemic, currently with limited therapeutic options. The spike glycoprotein and envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2, containing disulfide bridges for stabilization, represent an attractive target as they are essential for binding to the ACE2 receptor in host cells present in the nasal mucosa. Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) has synergistic action against glycoproteins by breakage of glycosidic linkages and disulfide bonds. We sought to determine the effect of BromAc on the spike and envelope proteins and its potential to reduce infectivity in host cells. Recombinant spike and envelope SARS-CoV-2 proteins were disrupted by BromAc. Spike and envelope protein disulfide bonds were reduced by Acetylcysteine. In in vitro whole virus culture of both wild-type and spike mutants, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inactivation from BromAc treatment but not from single agents. Clinical testing through nasal administration in patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection is imminent.
Comparison of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Removal Efficiency among Bacteriophage PBEF129, Its Endolysin, and Cefotaxime
Authors: Oh Hyun Keun , Hwang Yoon Jung , Hong Hye Won , Myung Heejoon
Published: March 2021

Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive pathogen which colonizes human intestinal surfaces, forming biofilms, and demonstrates a high resistance to many antibiotics. Especially, antibiotics are less effective for eradicating biofilms and better alternatives are needed. In this study, we have isolated and characterized a bacteriophage, PBEF129, infecting E. faecalis. PBEF129 infected a variety of strains of E. faecalis, including those exhibiting antibiotic resistance. Its genome is a linear double-stranded DNA, 144,230 base pairs in length. Its GC content is 35.9%. The closest genomic DNA sequence was found in Enterococcus phage vB_EfaM_Ef2.3, with a sequence identity of 99.06% over 95% query coverage. Furthermore, 75 open reading frames (ORFs) were functionally annotated and five tRNA-encoding genes were found. ORF 6 was annotated as a phage endolysin having an L-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase activity. We purified the enzyme as a recombinant protein and confirmed its enzymatic activity. The endolysin’s host range was observed to be wider than its parent phage PBEF129. When applied to bacterial biofilm on the surface of in vitro cultured human intestinal cells, it demonstrated a removal efficacy of the same degree as cefotaxime, but much lower than its parent bacteriophage.
Construction of Critical Periods for Water Resources Management and Their Application in the FEW Nexus
Authors: Schull Val Z. , Mehan Sushant , Gitau Margaret W. , Johnson David R. , Singh Shweta , Sesmero Juan P. , Flanagan Dennis C.
Published: March 2021

Amidst the growing population, urbanization, globalization, and economic growth, along with the impacts of climate change, decision-makers, stakeholders, and researchers need tools for better assessment and communication of the highly interconnected food–energy–water (FEW) nexus. This study aimed to identify critical periods for water resources management for robust decision-making for water resources management at the nexus. Using a 4610 ha agricultural watershed as a pilot site, historical data (2006–2012), scientific literature values, and SWAT model simulations were utilized to map out critical periods throughout the growing season of corn and soybeans. The results indicate that soil water deficits are primarily seen in June and July, with average deficits and surpluses ranging from −134.7 to +145.3 mm during the study period. Corresponding water quality impacts include average monthly surface nitrate-N, subsurface nitrate-N, and soluble phosphorus losses of up to 0.026, 0.26, and 0.0013 kg/ha, respectively, over the growing season. Estimated fuel requirements for the agricultural practices ranged from 24.7 to 170.3 L/ha, while estimated carbon emissions ranged from 0.3 to 2.7 kg CO2/L. A composite look at all the FEW nexus elements showed that critical periods for water management in the study watershed occurred in the early and late season—primarily related to water quality—and mid-season, related to water quantity. This suggests the need to adapt agricultural and other management practices across the growing season in line with the respective water management needs. The FEW nexus assessment methodologies developed in this study provide a framework in which spatial, temporal, and literature data can be implemented for improved water resources management in other areas.
Towards a Correlation between Long-Term Seawater Intrusion Response and Water Level Fluctuations
Authors: Abdoulhalik Antoifi , Ahmed Ashraf A. , Abdelgawad Abdelrahman M. , Hamill G. A.
Published: March 2021

Laboratory and numerical experiments were conducted to provide a quantitative steady-state analysis of the effect of incremental variations of water level on saltwater intrusion. The purpose was to seek mathematical correlations relating both the wedge toe length and the height along the coastline to the boundary head difference. The laboratory experiments were completed in a 2D sand tank where both freshwater and seawater levels were varied. The experiments were conducted for two bead sizes having different hydraulic conductivities. The numerical model SEAWAT was used to validate the results and then to perform sensitivity analysis. The experimental results show that at steady-state conditions, the logarithmic toe length could be expressed as a linear function of the boundary head difference. The linear relationship was recorded in both advancing and receding wedge phases. The linearity of the correlation was also well demonstrated with analytical solutions. Similar relationships were also derived in the scenarios where the sea level fluctuated while the freshwater boundary head was constant. The height of the saltwater wedge along the coastline was also found to be a linear function of the boundary head difference. The sensitivity analysis shows that the regression coefficients were sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity, the dispersivity, and the saltwater density, while the porosity and the rate of boundary head change induced negligible effects. The existence of a linear relationship between the logarithmic toe length and the boundary head difference was also well evidenced in a field-scale aquifer model for all the different hydrogeological aquifer conditions tested. This study is the first attempt in identifying the underlying correlation between the boundary water level variations and the main seawater intrusion (SWI) external metrics under controlled laboratory conditions, which is of great relevance from a water resources management perspective.
How Can Be Lotic Ecosystem Size More Precisely Estimated? Comparing Different Approximations in Pre-Pyrenean and Pyrenean Mountains
Authors: Coello Sanz Fernando , Casals Frederic , Sánchez-González Jorge Rubén
Published: March 2021

Rivers are among the most biodiverse and endangered ecosystems on earth. In Europe, concern over their conservation promoted the development of legal instruments for habitat and species conservation, the Habitats Directive, and water resource management, the Water Framework Directive. This legal protection demanded the estimate of river ecosystem surface for different purposes. Different approaches allow river surface to be measured at a low cost. Some accurate techniques like satellite images or LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) do not always work at a large scale or for streams and small rivers. We discuss here the use of the traditional hydraulics relationship between drainage area and bankfull width as a good approach to river surface estimation. We confirm that the use of this cheap and simple method could be a good approach to estimate river surface. However, we also proved that the development of regional curves, i.e., to establish the empirical relationship based on study area data, constitutes an essential improvement to estimation.
Mobilização Precoce Pós Acidente Vascular Cerebral: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Motta dos Anjos Jorge Luis , Costa Oliveira Laíse , Rodrigues Ribeiro Lopes Lilian , Rodrigues Durães André
Published: March 2021

Introdução. Um programa de reabilitação precoce após AVC, onde são utilizadas estratégias e intervenções com a finalidade de favorecer a capacidade de realizar tarefas é de fundamental importância para acelerar a recuperação, além de prevenir complicações secundárias e reduzir os custos da hospitalização.  Objetivo. Revisar as publicações sobre mobilização precoce e seus efeitos quando aplicada em pacientes com diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Cerebral na fase aguda da doença. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, através das bases de dados eletrônicas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e literatura internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE). O período de abrangência foi entre janeiro de 2015 a janeiro de 2020. Resultados. Dentre os estudos incluídos nesta revisão, 01 realizou estudo de grupo único, comparando achados antes e após a mobilização precoce, 01 foi uma revisão da literatura, 01 foi uma revisão sistemática da literatura, 01 estudo de coorte com pacientes com diagnóstico de AVC isquêmico submetidos a Trombólise, 07 foram ensaios clínicos. Conclusões. A mobilização precoce pode aperfeiçoar acelerar a recuperação, além de ajudar a prevenir complicações secundárias, reduzir os custos da hospitalização, sendo também segura e eficaz, porém quando comparada aos cuidados usuais, não demonstrou superioridade.
Implementación del método máquinas de soporte vectorial en bases de datos espaciales para análisis de clasificación supervisada en imágenes de sensores remotos
Authors: Murillo Castañeda Raúl Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Este artículo está orientado al desarrollo de una aplicación que implemente el método de clasificación supervisada máquinas de soporte vectorial (MSV) sobre imágenes provenientes de sensores remotos ya sean activos o pasivos que se encuentren almacenadas en una base de datos espacial de tipo relacional que permita contribuir y soportar la clasificación de imágenes, según parámetros de normalidad y anormalidad donde se consiga además almacenar estos resultados dentro del mismo sistema manejador de bases de datos. Dado que el algoritmo de clasificación supervisada MSV es ampliamente aceptado por la comunidad científica como una de las mejores técnicas de clasificación, ya que permite tener una muy buena exactitud en el diagnóstico de las diferentes coberturas presentes en el suelo, puesto que busca no solo encontrar una disociación entre estas, sino lograr una separación entre los elementos a clasificar, se implementará como técnica de clasificación. La aplicación está diseñada para el usuario final, que permita no sólo obtener un apoyo y sustento al momento de tomar decisiones, sino que facilite la actualización de la base de datos, la inclusión o la eliminación de información de la misma, así como la posibilidad de elegir las características principales que se deban tener en cuenta durante el proceso de clasificación. Esta utilidad es de gran valor, ya que, al trabajar con imágenes de características similares, la posibilidad de establecer rangos de disociación o pesos a las diferentes coberturas afecta directamente el resultado que se espera obtener. Finalmente se presentará un caso de estudio relacionado con la deforestación de la amazonia colombiana donde se demostrará la utilidad de la aplicación por medio de una clasificación supervisada la cual será comparada con el módulo de clasificación de algunos softwares que la implementan en la actualidad.
Pandemia de la covid19 y cáncer en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología –ESE: Cómo actuar pronto y seguro
Authors: Cuervo Maldonado Sonia Isabel
Published: March 2021

La descripción de las pandemias que ha sufrido la humanidad, es tan antigua como su historia. El primer texto que describe una epidemia es el papiro de Ebers, encontrado en una tumba de Tebas y tiene 3.500 años (1). A partir de entonces muchas otras epidemias se han presentado y tal vez dos de las más recordadas, por ocasionar una alta tasa de mortalidad, son la peste negra o muerte negra que afectó a Eurasia en el siglo XIV (2) y la de 1918 conocida como “la gripa española” con cerca de 500 millones de personas infectadas (un tercio de la población mundial) y cerca de 50 millones de muertes en el mundo (3).
WB / Fait [English version]
Authors: Ristelhueber Sophie
Published: March 2021

Presentation of two of the artist's projects: WB (2005), color photographs, silver prints mounted on aluminum and framed 120 x 150 cm each, edition: 3 and Fait (1992), color photographs, silver prints mounted on aluminum with gilded frames100 x 127 x 5 cm, edition: 3.
Bunker Mentality [English version]
Authors: Schmitt Arne
Published: March 2021

Presentation of photographic project "Bunker Mentality" (2013).
Living in the Third Space: A Postcolonial Study of Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers
Authors: Nasar Iqbal  , Abeera Shoukat  , Dr. Saleem Akhtar Khan
Published: March 2021

The Postcoloniality of Pakistani Literature in English is manifest in all the works produced both by the local and the diasporic writers representing the nation. Multifarious postcolonial dimensions of these literary yields, ranging from the personal exilic agonies to the collective traumas triggered by displacement, have been explored. Among these sociocultural dimensions represented in the creative works and theorized in the critical works, the notions of the Third Space and exilic consciousness remain the central ones. Invoking Homi Bhabha’s theoretical articulations on the issue, the researchers engage with Nadeem Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers for an understanding of the condition of the characters oscillating between the native and adopted cultures. This is a qualitative study and the method of textual analysis has been used. Through a thorough analysis of the text of the novel, the perplexing positionality of the characters living in the third space, as represented by Aslam, has been exposed and critiqued. To contribute to the understanding of the Pakistani diasporic community’s problem, the findings have been located in the broader cultural context.
Identification of Boosters as Metadiscourse across Punjabi and Urdu Languages: A Machine Translation Approach
Authors: Ali Raza Siddique  , Muhammad Ahmad  , Dr. Muhammad Asim Mahmood
Published: March 2021

Boosters are said to function appropriately as metadiscourse features across languages. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the functions and appropriateness of the metadiscourse features across Punjabi and Urdu languages. For this purpose, a list of 79 boosters (as metadiscourse features) was considered that (boosters) were first transliterated across Punjabi and Urdu languages employing a machine translation process. Punjabi translation was carried through ‘Akhar’ (a software), and Punjabi corpus (a tool). Whereas Urdu translation was realized through online Urdu thesaurus, and ‘ijunoon’ (an online dictionary). Machine transliteration was followed by manual cleansing of Punjabi and Urdu translated wordlists that helped identify boosters in the corpora. Appropriateness of the identified boosters was then realized through expert opinion and Punjabi corpus (for the Punjabi language), and expert opinion, online Urdu thesaurus, and Urdu WordNet (for the Urdu language). This process further guided about how to; make wordlists, filter as well as verify translated words, and offer interactional and interactive metadiscourse categories across Punjabi and Urdu languages.
PENGATURAN PENDIDIKAN PROFESI ADVOKAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mustakim Mustakim
Published: March 2021

The implementation of Professional Advocate Certification is deemed to be incompatible with the standards in organizing professional education as regulated by Law no. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System and Law no. 12 of 2012 on Higher Education, causing uncertainty and unscrupulous on the quality of prospective advocates, detrimental to the legal environment in whole. The Profession of Advocates possesses a strategic position in law enforcement to uphold justice, therefore this occupation is known to be a noble profession (offi cium nobile). The problem formulation in this research is to set the framework of implementing Professional Advocate Certifi cation to maintain the professionalism and integrity of advocates and to organize the implementation of Professional Advocate Certifi cation in the coming days. With the use of normative approach as the method of research by utilizing statutory regulations, court decisions, and legal concepts, this study found that Professional Advocate Certifi cation must be carried out in collaboration with universities in accordance with the mandate of the Constitutional Court Decision (MKRI) No. 95/PUU-XIV/2016 date 23rd of May 2017, Decision Number 46 P/HUM/2019, Thursday, 26th of September 2019 and Decision Number 87 P/HUM/2019 on the date 13th of December 2019 and Regulation of the Minister of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Number 5 of 2019. Therefore, it is crucial to accomplish fundamental changes concerning the implementation of advocate professional education by constructing curriculum changes leading up to the integrity and expertise in maintaining the noble reputation of the advocates’ role (officium nobile).
TOXIC ACTION OF COPPER, CADMIUM AND LEAD ON FREE-LIVING SOIL NEMATODES CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS AND CAENORHABDITIS BRIGGSAE
Authors: Egorova A. V. , Kalinnikova Т. В. , Shagidullin R. R.
Published: March 2021

Heavy metals are one of the most common pollutants in environment. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis assuming that one of mechanisms of toxic action of copper, cadmium and lead on invertebrates’ organisms is adaptive activation of cholinergic synaptic transmission. In experiments with two free-living soil nematodes, namely Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae, it has been shown that Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions at concentrations of 60 and 120 µM enhanced the negative effects of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors agonist levamisole on the nematodes’ organisms. Under combined action of levamisole and heavy metals on organisms of C. elegans and C. briggsae the mean time of nematodes paralysis (complete loss of the ability to swim) was reduced. The results of this work show that nematodes C. elegans and C. briggsae can be used as model organisms to study mechanisms of toxic action of heavy metals.
Source apportionment and quality assessment of surface water using principal component analysis and multiple linear regression statistics
Authors: Hossain Mohammed Amjed , Mohamed Ali Nasly Binti , Islam Mir Sujaul
Published: March 2021

Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regressions (MLR) analysis were applied on the data set of surface water quality for source identification of pollution and their contribution on the variation of water quality. Results revealed that, most of the water quality parameters were found to be toxic compare to the national standard of Malaysia. PCA identified the sources as, ionic groups of salts, soil erosion and agricultural runoff, organic and nutrient pollutions from domestic wastewater, industrial sewage and wastewater treatment plants. MLR investigated the contribution of every variable with R= 0.968 and R2=0.934 and it was highly significant (p<0.01).
Stegodyphus semadohensis: A new species from family Eresidae, recorded from Satpuda, Maharashtra, India (Arachnida: Araneae: Eresidae)
Authors: Deshmukh Ujjwala Shivaji
Published: March 2021

Eresidae are represented poorly in Indian fauna. All over the world about hundred species in ten genera are known and about 29 species have been studied under the genus Stegodyphus. The genus Stegodyphus was established by Simon 1873, with the type species S. lineatus Latneille. Pocock (1900) described five species of Stegodyphus. Tikader (1963) illustrated Pococks Stegodyphus pacificus socialis for easy identification. Gajbe (2007) redescribed and reillustrated Stegodyphus sarasinorum Karsch including male. The study examines species in a relatively diverse lineage of genus Stegodyphus, where they undergone adaptive radiation. One new species of spider from family Eresidae, genus Stegodyphus (Stegodyphus semadohensis sp. nov. female) is recorded from Satpuda (Maharashtra State) India, during 2009.
Ion chromatographic analysis of combined industrial effluent and its impact on seed germination of leguminous seeds
Authors: K. Nishu , Rampal Raj Kumar , Khan Sajad Iqbal
Published: March 2021

The present study has been made to assess the impact of combined industrial effluent from Industrial estate Bari Brahamana Jammu on seed germination of leguminous plants. The study revealed that values of anions fluoride, chloride, bromide, phosphate and sulphate and cations sodium, potassium and calcium o decreased with increase in dilution. In general in most of studied seeds it was observed that the values of seed germination percentage and rate of seed germination index decreased with increasing effluent concentration.
Historical perspective and importance of microbiology in modern era
Authors: Sethi Anjali , Madan Molly
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces the historical view of microbiology and discuss the importance of microorganisms not only as causative agents of disease but also as important contributors to food production, antibiotic manufacture, vaccine development, and environmental management. Microbiology contributed significantly to the development of new branches like biochemistry, Genetics and molecular biology. It presents a brief history of the science of microbiology an overview of the microbial world a discussion of the scope and relevance of microbiology in today's society and predictions about the future of microbiology.
Studies on limnological characteristics and fish fauna of River Bhagirathi in Uttarkashi (Garhwal Himalaya)
Authors: Khanna D.R. , Pathak S.K. , Prasad Shambhu
Published: March 2021

Limnological parameter and plankton diversity are an important criterion for determining the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking purpose. River Bhagirathi has greatest importance for humankind. The specific status of Physio-chemical parameter and diversity of plankton in River Bhagirathi have been studied through monthly surveys in two annual cycles (2010-11 and 2011-12) and annual survey of fishes in two annual cycles (2010-11 and 2011-12). The water remained moderately alkaline (pH 7.7) while velocity (1.23m/s), TS (844mg/l), chloride (5.04mg/l), hardness (96.73mg/l) and alkalinity (67.11mg/l) showed low mean values. Average dissolved oxygen levels were at 8.54mg/l while average nitrate and phosphate levels were 0.048mg/l and 0.072 mg/l respectively.
The Problems of the Revitalisation and Reusing of Former Military Lands in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Komár Aleš
Published: March 2021

The article in its introduction deals with the topic of the Pilot Study "Environmental Aspects of Reusing Former Military Lands". The Pilot Study has been launched within the framework of cooperation and has brought together Alliance and Eastern Partner countries to share experiences in planning and managing the cleanup of former military sites in order to launch a successful and sustainable re-use project. The conversion and redevelopment should be based on pilot study experiences, which are stressed by the author in the main part of this article.
Resources of Educational and Healthcare Industries and Population Welfare: Comparative Analysis in Post-socialist and OECD Countries
Authors: Synyayeva Lyudmyila , Verba Denys , Yarchuk Angelina , Verkhovod Iryna , Aleksandrov Denys
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to defining Ukraine’s position among 28 OECD countries relative to the averaged line of connection between resources of the social sphere and the society achievements in terms of human development index. Such positioning allows us to obtain a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of usage resource, directed to funding the education and healthcare by OECD countries and Ukraine. The model that expresses the HDI dependence on three main groups of factors was used. First – the amount of education and healthcare resources (evaluated by private and public spending on education and healthcare per capita). The second – is the way of rationing the population's access to these industries products (evaluated by coefficients of inequality of life expectancy and inequality in education). The third – is the indicators, displaying the efficiency of resources using within the industry (estimated as a result of modeling). Our results have confirmed that the resources, allocated to the public sector of education have the most significant impact on HDI size and this indicator is more dependent on the amount of social sphere resources in post-socialist countries than in "old" OECD members. The actual level of HDI in Ukraine is lower than estimated by model-averaged for countries, included in the sample. This means that Ukraine uses resources of its social sphere with lower efficiency than observed as average for countries, included in the sample. Such results allow us to obtain assessment which part of restrictions and problem experienced by national social spheres is caused by the scarcity of resources, divided to social sphere funding, and which – by imperfections, inherent to the regulative institutions of the social sphere. Such results may serve as a significant precondition of social policy development, especially for post-soviet countries.
Natural Resources of Simalungun Regency for the Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Sinaga Poltak , Agusttinus Daniel Cassa , Nababan Darsono , Sinaga Ade Putra F. , Sinaga Wenny Yulianita
Published: March 2021

The Regency that rich in the natural resources needs many stake holders to attract the investors to open new enterprises or collaborate the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). A map out procedure was carried ou to seek the natural resources as backbone of community development and business growth in Simalungun Regency of North Sumatra Province of Indonesia. Data collection was made by seeking the data of official documents and studies reports. Data obtained revealed that Simalungun Regency in 2019 and 2020 has a great economic growth in agriculture. It found that the sector of forestry, agriculture and fisheries in 2019 increases 6.15 % and in 2020 it grew 9 % . Beside it has registered 1,200 SMEs, it will make the increase of SMEs whenever the Agropolitan Development Plan set up within 5 years. Simalungun Regency has very huge natural resources that needed to be developed as an agropolitan area to support the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
Verbundstützen – Ein Vergleich zwischen vereinfachten und allgemeinem Bemessungsverfahren nach Eurocode 4/Composite columns – a comparison between simplified and general design methods according to Eurocode 4
Authors: Unterweger H. , Kettler M. , Sixthofer T.
Published: March 2021

Für die Berechnung von Verbundstützen sind in Eurocode 4 mehrere Bemessungsverfahren vorgesehen, die einleitend dargestellt werden. Die bisher in der Praxis üblichen vereinfachten Bemessungsverfahren werden durch ein allgemeines Verfahren ergänzt, das durch die jüngste Weiterentwicklung nicht-linearer FE-Berechnungsmethoden auch in der Ingenieurpraxis immer mehr Verbreitung findet.

 

Für die in der Praxis meist verwendeten symmetrischen Querschnittsformen erfolgten umfangreiche Parameterstudien und ein Vergleich der Traglasten nach den einzelnen Bemessungsverfahren wird in diesem Beitrag zusammengefasst. Bei alleiniger zentrischer Druckbeanspruchung werden die beiden möglichen vereinfachten Bemessungsverfahren verglichen. Bei Druck und Biegung erfolgt ein Vergleich zwischen vereinfachtem und allgemeinem Berechnungsverfahren.

 

Ergänzend werden für den sehr häufigen Fall der einachsigen Biegebeanspruchung die zutreffenden Knicknachweise dargestellt.

 

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, dem in der Praxis tätigen Ingenieur darzustellen, welches Bemessungsverfahren im einzelnen Anwendungsfall effizient und sinnvoll einsetzbar ist.
Erdbebensicherer Anschluss von Ausfachungsmauerwerk in Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken mit Entkopplungselementen/Earthquake resistant connection for masonry infill walls in reinforced concrete frame structures with decoupling elements
Authors: Butenweg C. , Marinkovic M.
Published: March 2021

Stahlbetonrahmentragwerke mit Mauerwerksausfachungen weisen nach Erdbebenereignissen häufig schwere Schäden auf, da die Ausfachungen ohne weitere konstruktive Maßnahmen mit vollem Kontakt zum Stahlbetonrahmen eingemauert werden. Durch die unplanmäßige Beteiligung am horizontalen Lastabtrag erfahren die Ausfachungen Belastungen in Wandebene und beeinflussen das globale Schwingungsverhalten der Rahmentragwerke. In Kombination mit den gleichzeitig auftretenden seismischen Trägheitskräften senkrecht zur Wand führt dies in vielen Fällen zu einem Versagen der mit niedrigen Festigkeiten ausgeführten Ausfachungen. Dies war der Anlass in dem europäischen Forschungsprojekt INSYSME ein Entkopplungssystem zu entwickeln, mit dem Rahmen und Ausfachung durch ein spezielles Profil aus Elastomeren entkoppelt werden. Das Profil ermöglicht Relativverschiebungen zwischen Rahmen und Ausfachung und stellt gleichzeitig die Aufnahme von Belastungen senkrecht zur Wand sicher. Der Beitrag erläutert zunächst den Aufbau des Systems und gibt einen Überblick über die in Kleinbauteilversuchen ermittelten Tragfähigkeiten. Zudem werden experimentelle Untersuchungen an mit hochwärmedämmenden Mauerziegeln ausgefachten Stahlbetonrahmen mit und ohne Entkopplungssystem für getrennte und kombinierte Belastungen in und senkrecht zur Wandebene vorgestellt. Auf Grundlage einer Versuchsauswertung und eines Ergebnisvergleichs werden Wirkungsweise und Effektivität des entwickelten Entkopplungssystems demonstriert.
Schleuderbetonmaste aus ultrahochfestem Beton – Versuche an großformatigen Prototypen/Spun Concrete Poles made of Ultra-High Performance Concrete – Tests on large-scale prototypes
Authors: Empelmann M. , Remitz J.
Published: March 2021

Kompakte Freileitungsmaste aus ultrahochfestem Schleuderbeton stellen eine neue, innovative und umweltschonende Alternative zu den bisher üblichen Stahlgittermasten dar. Im Rahmen eines Verbundforschungsvorhabens wurden vom iBMB, Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig in Kooperation mit Europoles GmbH & Co. KG experimentelle Untersuchungen an großformatigen Schleuderbetonmasten aus ultrahochfestem Beton unter Biege-, Querkraft- und Torsionsbeanspruchung in einem eigens hergestellten Prüfstand durchgeführt. Hierin wurden verschiedene Mastkonfigurationen (u. a. Variation der Betongüte, des Bewehrungskonzepts sowie der Abmessungen) untersucht und es konnte die Leistungsfähigkeit von Schleuderbetonmasten aus ultrahochfestem Beton gezeigt werden. Mit den Großversuchen liegt eine erfolgreiche Erprobung im Realmaßstab vor, die als Referenz für die praktische Anwendung und Umsetzung dienen kann.
Untersuchungen zur Praxistauglichkeit von CFD-Berechnungen bei der Windlastermittlung auf Bauwerke durch Vergleich mit Windkanalversuchen/Investigations on the practicality of CFD- calculations in wind load determination on buildings by comparison with wind tunnel tests
Authors: Timmers R. , Haibach S. , Wacker J. , Ladinek M. , Niederwanger A. , Lener G.
Published: March 2021

Die Ermittlung der Windlastverteilung auf einfachere Bauwerke erfolgt anhand der einschlägigen Normen, wohingegen bei komplexeren Bauwerken Windkanalversuche zielführend sind. Zusätzlich kann die Windlastverteilung prinzipiell auch mittels CFD-Simulationen ermittelt werden. Durch Vereinfachungen im Rechenmodell (RANS, SST) können zwar praxistaugliche Rechenzeiten erreicht werden, als Konsequenz werden aber nur mehr zeitlich gemittelte Windlastbeiwerte berechnet. Im Windkanalversuch hingegen werden Windlastzeitreihen inklusive kurzzeitiger Spitzenwerte gemessen. Es gibt nun Anwendungsfälle, bei welchen der Ingenieur mit den Angaben der Windlastnorm nicht ausreichend versorgt wird, die aber einen Windkanalversuch noch nicht rechtfertigen. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen beziehen sich speziell auf diese Fälle. In einem ersten Schritt stellt sich daher die Frage, ob mittels CFD (RANS) die Basiswerte, das heißt die zeitlich gemittelten Druck- und Sogbeiwerte mit ausreichender Genauigkeit ermittelt werden können. Hierfür wurden anhand einer scharfkantigen Bauwerksgeometrie die gemittelten Beiwerte im Windkanal als auch mittels CFD ermittelt und verglichen. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die Werte hinsichtlich Vorzeichen und Tendenz relativ gut zusammenstimmen, dass aber teilweise betragsmäßige Abweichungen festgestellt wurden. Mittels CFD (RANS) bestimmte Mittelwerte können für einfachere Geometrien, welche nicht adäquat in der Norm erfasst werden, zwar hilfreich für die Erarbeitung von Windlastannahmen sein, sind aber aufgrund der bestehenden Untersuchungen zumeist nur für Vordimensionierungen oder ähnlichem tauglich.
Emprendimiento Sostenible: Oportunidad Socio-Ecológica
Authors: Vallejo-Fiallos M. del Rocío
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es describir el emprendimiento sostenible como una alternativa para mantener un equilibrio entre las necesidades sociales y ecológicas. Este trabajo presenta el modelo de emprendimiento sostenible de la isla San Cristóbal de la Provincia de Galápagos, a través de una investigación de base documental y un estudio de campo cualitativo y cuantitativo. Los resultados muestran una descripción del desarrollo social y de la situación de convivencia entre el sistema ecológico y la vida emprendedora en la isla. Los habitantes de San Cristóbal son conscientes de la necesidad de cuidar su entorno para garantizar la continuidad de su vida emprendedora y mejorar su desarrollo social y ecológico. Se recomienda estudios prospectivos para promover el emprendimiento sostenible mediante estrategias socio-ecológicas de desarrollo.