bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsumgut Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Gekeler Moritz
Published: September 2014

Produkte sind die Medien der Konsumkultur - sie erzählen uns Geschichten. Seit einigen Jahren ist hierbei »Nachhaltigkeit« ein dominantes Erzählthema. Dieser Band geht den Inszenierungsstrategien von Unternehmen nach, die mithilfe von Produktdesign, Werbung und Marketing von der Nachhaltigkeit erzählen. Er untersucht aus narratologischer und medientheoretischer Sicht die verschiedenen Akteure und beschreibt ihre jeweilige Rolle im Kommunikationsgeschehen. Darüber hinaus werden die Chancen und Risiken der zunehmenden Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation ebenso veranschaulicht wie der steigende Druck zur radikalen Innovation.
Jenseits der Ordnung
Authors: Lavagno Christian
Published: September 2014

Mit der »Ataxiologie« präsentiert Christian Lavagno einen neuartigen philosophischen Ansatz im Schnittbereich von Kritischer Theorie und Dekonstruktion. Abgeleitet vom griechischen Wort »ataxia« (Unordnung, Insubordination) unternimmt die Ataxiologie den Versuch, einen Argumentationsraum jenseits eingeschliffener Ordnungs- und Klassifikationsmuster zu besetzen. Unter Verzicht auf systemische Geschlossenheit geht es ihr darum, das Denken für das Neue, Unvorhersehbare und womöglich Unkontrollierbare zu öffnen - in erkenntnis- wie in gesellschaftstheoretischer Hinsicht.
Deutsch sprechen in Frankreich
Authors: Lahr-Kurten Matthias
Published: September 2014

Wie wird die deutsche Sprache in Frankreich gefördert? Matthias Lahr-Kurten geht der Vielzahl von Praktiken nach, in deren Rahmen Fremdsprachenförderung stattfindet - von der Politik bis zum Unterricht. Durch konsequente und intelligente Anwendung der Theorie sozialer Praktiken nach Theodore Schatzki auf den Forschungsgegenstand gelingt eine beispielhafte Verbindung von theoretischer Reflexion und Empirie. Die ertragreiche Studie leistet einen konzeptionell innovativen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der neueren Kultur- und Sozialgeographie.
Tatort Deutsche Einheit
Authors: Welke Tina
Published: September 2014

Der »Tatort« begleitet und dokumentiert durch die Thematisierung gesellschaftlicher Veränderungsprozesse die Geschichte der Bundesrepublik seit über 40 Jahren. Tina Welke zeigt, wie die 45 MDR-»Tatorte«, die zwischen 1992 und 2007 ausgestrahlt wurden, in ihren Darstellungen den Wandel im Osten Deutschlands infolge der deutschen Vereinigung aufgreifen. Die Kriminalfilme sind durch Muster seriellen Erzählens miteinander verknüpft und konstituieren eine in sich geschlossene Erzählung. Die Analyse dieses in seiner Dauer und Reichweite einmaligen medialen Textes offenbart Kontinuitäten und Brüche sowohl im Transformationsprozess als auch bei der Identitätsinszenierung.
Ästhetische Film-Bildung
Authors: Zahn Manuel
Published: September 2014

Film und Bildung - Manuel Zahn spürt in seinen Studien diesem immer noch ungeklärten Verhältnis nach. In Bezug auf aktuelle medientheoretische, ästhetische und bildungstheoretische Diskurse entwickelt er einen differenztheoretischen Begriff der Medialität des Films und stellt mit der Spurenlese eine »Methode« vor, die eine differenzsensible Empirie des Films ermöglicht. Anhand von Filmbeispielen wird die Spurenlese erprobt und dabei ein Begriff der Film-Bildung skizziert, der die Spurenlese von Filmen als bildende Erfahrung begreift, insofern sie es erlaubt, die Auseinandersetzung des Subjekts mit Filmen auf der Folie der Unmöglichkeit ihrer identifizierenden Aneignung zu denken.
Das lernende Selbst in der Hochschulreform: »Ich« ist eine Schnittstelle
Authors: Draheim Susanne
Published: September 2014

Wie werden in der gegenwärtigen Studienreform des Bologna-Prozesses die Studierenden als »Lernsubjekte« angesprochen? Und welche gesellschaftlichen und reformpolitischen Problematisierungen, Legitimierungen und Orientierungen gehen in diese diskursiven Ansprachen ein? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen entfaltet Susanne Draheim in drei begriffsgeschichtlichen Diskursanalysen eine »humanistische«, eine »unternehmerische« und eine »sozio-technisch vernetzte« Subjektfigur. Im Kontext der aktuellen Konzeptionen von Selbstverhältnissen Studierender fragt die Studie auch nach den möglichen institutionellen Funktionen dieser Figuren.
Occupy
Authors: Mörtenböck Peter , Mooshammer Helge
Published: September 2014

Von New York bis Kairo, von Hongkong bis Berlin: Weltweit sind neue Protestbewegungen angetreten, öffentlichen Raum in ein politisches Commons zu verwandeln. Gegenüber dem Machtmonopol krisenhafter Systeme setzen sie auf die kreative Kraft von kollektiver Selbstbestimmung. Mit Zeltlagern, Straßenküchen und Volksuniversitäten hat die Occupy-Bewegung diese konfliktreichen Auseinandersetzungen um direkte Demokratie, soziale Gerechtigkeit und ökonomische Alternativen auch in die Zentren der westlichen Welt gebracht. Dieser Essay diskutiert die Ausgangslage sowie Schauplätze und Perspektiven einer globalen Kultur des Widerstands: Welche Spannungen entfalten sich zwischen ihren physischen und symbolischen Räumen, subjektiven und globalen Dimensionen? Was hat sich mit den Besetzungen verändert und wie geht der Widerstand weiter? Ein Buch über die Chancen und Hindernisse von Protest zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts.
Wampum und Biber: Fetischgeld im kolonialen Nordamerika
Authors: Schmidt Mario
Published: September 2014

Mittels einer kritischen Relektüre des »Essai sur le don« von Marcel Mauss erarbeitet Mario Schmidt einen ethnologischen Geldbegriff, der nicht von vornherein durch die Übertragung des historisch gewachsenen und widersprüchlichen Merkmalskatalogs des modernen Geldes die Sicht auf die jeweilige ethnographische Lebenswelt verstellt. Im Zuge einer historischen Rekonstruktion der Lebenswelt des nordöstlichen Nordamerikas des 17. Jahrhunderts analysiert er Wampum und Biberfelle als zirkulierende Fetischgelder, die Ungerechtigkeiten innerhalb der gesamtgesellschaftlichen Wertverteilung verschleiern.
Generation »koscher light«
Authors: Gromova Alina
Published: September 2014

Welche Rolle spielen räumliche Aspekte für die Identitätsarbeit und Gemeinschaftsbildung junger russischsprachiger Juden, die heute in Deutschland leben? Alina Gromova hat 15 junge Erwachsene ein Jahr lang durch ihren Alltag begleitet und ist ihnen an Orte wie jüdische Treffs und Partys, Cafés und Wohnungen, Synagogen und Clubs gefolgt. Die Analyse von Begegnungen zwischen jüdischen, russischen, deutschen, israelischen und muslimischen Traditionen offenbart einen ungezwungenen Umgang mit jüdischer Religion und Symbolik, jüdischer Essenstradition und Mode. Diese ethnologische Studie zeigt: Es ist ein Umgang »koscher light«, in dem sich Religion und Tradition nach den Gesetzen der Urbanität richten.
Kulturveranstaltung Festival
Authors: Teissl Verena
Published: September 2014

Veranstaltungsgeschichte spiegelt Gesellschaftsgeschichte. Anhand festivalesker Kulturveranstaltungen untersucht Verena Teissl einen Veranstaltungstypus, zu dessen Besonderheiten seine Entstehung im Kontext der ästhetischen Moderne sowie seine Wandlungsfähigkeit entlang tiefgreifender gesellschaftspolitischer Umwälzungen im 20. Jahrhundert zählen. Neben einer Analyse der historischen Genese, einer theoretischen Reflexion und einem Vorschlag zur Typologisierung des Veranstaltungstyps ergänzt ein Fallbeispiel zur Kulturveranstaltungslandschaft Tirols die Studie. Es zeigt sich: Die Aufmerksamkeitsdichte von Kulturfestivals hebt sie von Jahresprogrammen fixer Kulturbetriebe ab und verstärkt die Diskursstiftung in der kulturellen Produktion und Rezeption.
Im Dispositiv interkultureller Kommunikation
Authors: Busch Dominic
Published: September 2014

Aus Sicht der Kulturwissenschaften ist interkulturelle Kommunikation als Forschungsfach längst in eine Theorie-Krise geraten - und gewinnt zugleich weiter an gesellschaftlicher Relevanz. Dominic Busch liest die bisherige Forschung unter einer neuen Perspektive, indem er interkulturelle Kommunikation als Dispositiv begreift. Dies gewährt neue Einblicke in unterschiedliche Festschreibungen vermeintlicher Wirkweisen von Kultur auf soziales Handeln. Auf Grundlagen der Ethnomethodologie wird so ein dispositivtheoretisch informierter Rahmen für eine zukünftige Erforschung interkultureller Kommunikation entwickelt.
Der Wille zum Subjekt
Authors: Otto Marcus
Published: September 2014

Marcus Otto unternimmt eine systemtheoretisch inspirierte genealogische Wiederbeschreibung eines Metanarrativs der Moderne, das sich als Imperativ politischer Inklusion historisch wirkmächtig an der Figur des Subjekts entfaltete. Dies impliziert die Dekonstruktion eines übergreifenden Willens zum Subjekt, der bis heute nicht nur in politischen und gesellschaftlichen Selbstbeschreibungen, sondern auch in der Historiographie vorherrscht. Mithin ist in einem umfassenden Sinne, der sich an der Figur des Subjekts kristallisiert, also der »Kopf des Königs noch immer nicht gerollt«, wie Foucault einst bezogen auf das politische Denken formuliert hat.
Ästhetik der Unabgeschlossenheit
Authors: Schlögl Peter
Published: September 2014

Der Programmatik des lebenslangen Lernens ist ein Subjektverständnis eingeschrieben, welches das Denken an aufklärerische Wurzeln zurückführt - und zwar im Sinne einer durch Menschen verantworteten und allein auf menschliche Vernunft begründeten Selbststeuerung. Peter Schlögl zeigt: Dieser andauernde Auftrag gewollter Unabgeschlossenheit an jeden Einzelnen kann als Daseinsmetaphorik gelesen werden - mit dem Ziel anhaltender Verwirklichung geschichtlicher Vernunft.
Über den Körper hinaus
Authors: Xue Yuan
Published: September 2014

Entfalten zeitgenössische Romane neue Konstruktionskonzepte von Körper und Subjekt? Dieses Buch befasst sich mit Geschlechterkonstruktionen, die sich von den bisher vorherrschenden poststrukturalistischen Denkmodi unterscheiden: Anhand deutscher, polnischer, kroatischer, finnischer und französischer Romane ab Ende der 1990er Jahre erstellt Yuan Xue eine angemessene Interpretationsweise für die neuartigen literarischen Erscheinungen. Sie bietet ein breites Spektrum an behandelter Literatur jenseits des Mainstreams und betritt so vielfach Neuland.
An integrated SSM-MCDA-C model to support a complex individual decision
Authors: Longaray André Andrade , Ensslin Leonardo , Mackness John Robert
Published: September 2014

This paper discusses how theresearchers integrated two soft approaches in Operations Research - SoftSystems Methodology (SSM) and Constructivist MultiCriteria Decision Aid(MCDA-C) - into one decision aid model (SSM/MCDA-C). They did this in order tohelp a determined decision-maker to understand, organize and structure thecontext and the circumstances which led this person to suffer from stress, aswell to enable the measurement and comparison of the different optionsavailable to improve her quality of life. In this sense, section two describesthe approaches which give methodological support to the proposal, MCDA-C andSSM. In section three, as well as presenting the SSM/MCDA-C model, there isalso a demonstration of its practical application. Finally section fourpresents the general theoretical and practical considerations andrecommendations with regard to the integrated problem structuring modelproposed.
Drivers of relationships affecting B2B firms in an e-commerce environment
Authors: Samanta Irene , Danson Mike
Published: September 2014

The advent of the internet has created numerous opportunities for B2B marketing professionals to enhance current marketing practices, including electronic relationships. However, the investigation of e-relationships and the factors that influence e-relationships in an internet environment is scant. Further, there appears to be no investigation of this phenomenon within the context of Greek B2B Medium-sized firms (MSF). Τhe research problem investigated in this research is: “Which drivers in B2B e-commerce use affect inter-firm relationships in medium-sized B2B firms?”. A framework for B2B e-commerce relationships in a changing and globalized environment was synthesised and integrated with the literature about relationship marketing to arrive at the following research issues: “How do relationship marketing drivers affect the management of B2B e-relationships?”.An explanatory quantitative research approach was used and quantitative data was collected from B2B firms in Greece, which represents a case of e-commerce progress during the last six years. Regarding social exchange, some important differences emerge where cooperation between B2B e-commerce firms is concerned. Suppliers engaged in electronic commerce are more committed and oriented to a long-term relationship than buyers, based on both previous and current experience with them. Confidence in the relationships, consistency and honesty with their obligations and the exchange of reliable, trustworthy information and advisory services between firms are important factors in the development and establishment of their e-relationships.The main contribution of this research is the development of a theoretical framework for e-relationships in medium-sized Β2Β firms. That framework is the first rigorously researched step towards understanding the importance of these powerful streams of relationship drivers in total, and the business activity of e-marketing and electronic relationships.
A Netnographic Study of Entrepreneurial Traits: Evaluating classic typologies using the crowdsourcing algorithm of an online community
Authors: Lima Marcos Cerqueira , Namaci Laila , Fabiani Thierry
Published: September 2014

This paper evaluates how the advices of experienced entrepreneurs to young start-up creators in an online community reflect entrepreneurship traits commonly found in conceptual typologies. The overall goal is to contrast and evaluate existing models based on evidence from an online community. This should facilitate future studies to improve current typologies by ranking entrepreneurial traits according to perceived relevance. In order to achieve these objectives, we have conducted a “netnographic study” (i.e., the qualitative analysis of web-based content) of 96 answers to the question “What is the best advice for a young, first-time startup CEO?” on Quora.com. Relying on Quora’s ranking algorithm (based on crowdsourcing of votes and community prestige), we focused on the top 50% of answers (which we shall call the “above Quora 50” category) considered the most relevant by its 2000+ followers and 120,000+ viewers. We used Nvivo as a Qualitative Data Analysis Software to code all the entries into the literature categories. These codes were then later retrieved using matrix queries to compare the incidence of traits and the perceived relevance of answers. We found that among the 50% highest ranking answers on Quora, the following traits are perceived as the most important for young entrepreneurs to develop: management style, attitude in interpersonal relations, vision, self-concept, leadership style, marketing, market and customer knowledge, innovation, technical knowledge and skills, attitude to growth, ability to adapt, purpose and relations system. These results could lead to improving existing typologies and creating new models capable of better identifying people with the highest potential to succeed in new venture creation.
Industrial restructuring and professional qualification requirements
Authors: Amato Neto João , Fucci Amato Rita de Cassia
Published: September 2014

Among the most complex subjects that affect modern society in this early millennium, the problem of relationships between the educational patterns and the work organization seems to be one of the most important and full of uncertainties. Specially, this problem acquires greater relevance when one thinks of the impacts of the techno-scientific revolution in the work world, as well as in the educational system. In this sense, the present work researches some elements regarding the new educational patterns and qualification requirements in face of the new industrial paradigm and discusses the transformations accomplished by the techno-scientific revolution and its implications on the new lean and flexible production paradigm and on the (re)organization of work in the modern industry. The methodological approach is based on a bibliographic revision with a quantitative approach.
Human resources strategic practices, innovation performance & knowledge management: proposal for brazilian organizations
Authors: Maruyama Ursula Gomes Rosa , Braga Marco Antonio Barbosa
Published: September 2014

Technology andinnovation development presented new challenges for the twenty-first centurymanager. Besides, aspects of organizational culture and knowledge managementare equally important for corporate success. All the above areas have a growingnumber of studies that seek to deepen the reflections providing a greaterunderstanding of their environmental relationship. Brazilian human resourcemanagement has shown years of late progress, especially due to the prevailingmacroeconomic conditions, with no transformation evidences This current studywith a theoretical-descriptive qualitative approach through literatureanalysis, study the integration model proposed by Chen and Huang (2009). Themediating role of knowledge management to strategic human resource practicesand innovation performance presented by these authors are compared withnational and international literature. The integration conceptual modelproposed to apply in the Brazilian context, consider the three pillarspresented by the Eastern authors, enhanced by cross-checks prospects with axes,approaches or intellectual capital directories, representing the Westernauthors’ contributions. Henceforth, we aim to provide a suitable proposal forthis model in the Brazilian organizational context.
Corruption, social violence and ethical culture in Nigeria
Authors: Johnmary Ani Kelechi
Published: September 2014

Corruption is the direct or indirect act of violence aimed at exploiting unmerited gain and or advantage from a person, structure, institution or environment. In Nigeria, corruption has grown to an unquantifiable level. The major causes of corruption include absence of political will, progressive suppression of the culture of accountability, geometric societal poverty and negative socio-economic conditions as well as greed and the get-rich-quick syndrome etc. The paper presents the multi-dimensional phases of corruption in Nigeria and the salient mandate of the Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal Act, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) as well as Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC). Unfortunately, the work reveal that the effectiveness of the above institutions and other corruption-watchdog setups has being watered-down by the negative push and pull effects of what is popularly known as the ‘Nigerian factor’. Finally, it argues that the most dangerous implications of corruption are the recurrence of social violence and the near-total collapse of ethical culture in every sector of the Nigerian national life, while recommending multidimensional transformative cultures of corruption management that must be collectively championed by the citizenry.
Alcohol oxidation by flavoenzymes
Authors: Romero Elvira , Gadda Giovanni
Published: September 2014

This review article describes the occurrence, general properties, and substrate specificity of the flavoenzymes belonging to the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase superfamily and the l-α-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. Most of these enzymes catalyze the oxidations of hydroxyl groups, yielding carbonyl moieties. Over the years, carbanion, hydride transfer, and radical mechanisms have been discussed for these enzymes, and the main experimental evidences supporting these mechanisms are presented here. Regardless of the chemical nature of the organic substrate (i.e., activated and non-activated alcohols), a hydride transfer mechanism appears to be the most plausible for the flavoenzymes acting on CH-OH groups. The reaction of most of these enzymes likely starts with proton abstraction from the substrate hydroxyl group by a conserved active site histidine. Among the different approaches carried out to determine the chemical mechanisms with physiological substrates, primary substrate and solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effect studies have provided the most unambiguous evidences. It is expected that the numerous studies reported for these enzymes over the years will be instrumental in devising efficient industrial biocatalysts and drugs.
Effect of Sucrose Addition on Rheological and Thermal Properties of Rice Starch–Gum Mixtures
Authors: Lee Solji , Yoo Byoungseung
Published: September 2014

The effect of sucrose at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30% w/w) on rheological and thermal properties of 5% (w/w) rice starch (RS) pastes mixed with guar gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG) was examined. The flow behavior index (n) values of RS–gum mixtures in the presence of sucrose were higher than those of the control (0% sucrose), whereas their K and σ
oc values were lower. The RS–XG–sucrose mixtures showed much higher dynamic moduli values than the control, while the RS–GG–sucrose mixtures, except for the 30% sucrose concentration, showed lower values, indicating that the viscoelastic properties of RS–XG mixtures were greatly affected by the addition of sucrose. In general, differential scanning calorimetry studies showed that the presence of sucrose resulted in an increase in the gelatinization temperatures and a decrease in gelatinization enthalpy. These results could facilitate the development of RS-based products with improved thermal and rheological properties.
A Boosting Algorithm for Estimating Generalized Propensity Scores with Continuous Treatments
Authors: Zhu Yeying , Coffman Donna L. , Ghosh Debashis
Published: September 2014

In this article, we study the causal inference problem with a continuous treatment variable using propensity score-based methods. For a continuous treatment, the generalized propensity score is defined as the conditional density of the treatment-level given covariates (confounders). The dose–response function is then estimated by inverse probability weighting, where the weights are calculated from the estimated propensity scores. When the dimension of the covariates is large, the traditional nonparametric density estimation suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Some researchers have suggested a two-step estimation procedure by first modeling the mean function. In this study, we suggest a boosting algorithm to estimate the mean function of the treatment given covariates. In boosting, an important tuning parameter is the number of trees to be generated, which essentially determines the trade-off between bias and variance of the causal estimator. We propose a criterion called average absolute correlation coefficient (AACC) to determine the optimal number of trees. Simulation results show that the proposed approach performs better than a simple linear approximation or L2 boosting. The proposed methodology is also illustrated through the Early Dieting in Girls study, which examines the influence of mothers’ overall weight concern on daughters’ dieting behavior.
Fractional white noise calculus in infinite dimensions
Authors: Grecksch Wilfried , Roth Christian
Published: September 2014

In this paper we consider a white noise calculus for fractional
Brownian motion with values in a separable Hilbert space, whereby
the covariance operator Q is a kernel operator (Q-fractional
Brownian motion). We prove a Q-fractional version of the Itô's
formula. Furthermore, we introduce Malliavin derivative for
Q-fractional motion, prove a Q-fractional integration-by-parts
formula and a Q-fractional version of the Itô isometry.
Synthesis, characterization, and microwave properties of polypyrrole/molybdenum trioxide composites
Authors: Anuradha Sindi , Roy Aashis S. , Prasad M.V.N. Ambika
Published: September 2014

Polypyrrole/molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) composites have been prepared by the in situ polymerization technique. The prepared composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface morphology by employing scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the grains are highly agglomerated and its average size is 2–4 mm. Furthermore, the dielectric study was carried out at microwave frequency. It was observed that the variations in MoO3 to polypyrrole cause the interface polarization and multiple scattering, which is useful for the absorption of large number of microwaves. Among all the composites, 50 wt% polypyrrole/MoO3 composites show the lowest real and imaginary permittivity values (i.e., 3.57 and 5.51, respectively), and for other composites, real values vary from 5.51 to 16.57. Therefore, these composites can be used as microwave application.
Orchids without borders: studying the hotspot of costa rica and Panama
Authors: Bogarín Diego , Pupulin Franco , Arrocha Clotilde , Warner Jorge
Published: September 2014

The Mesoamerican region is one of the richest in orchid diversity in the world. About 2670 species, 10% of all orchids known have been recorded there. Within this region, most of the species are concentrated in the southernmost countries. Costa Rica with 1598 species (or 0.030 spp/km2) and Panama with 1397 species (0.018 spp/km2) stand at the top of endemic species list of all Mesoamerica, with 35.37% and 28.52%, respectively. These figures, however, are misleading, as political boundaries do not have any relationship to orchid diversity. If we ignore the political frontier, there is a common biogeographic area. However, if we put the border back, the numbers in terms of scientific production and research change dramatically. Costa Rica has increased the knowledge of its orchid flora through the establishment of a successful research system, whereas Panama has lacked a similar process. To address this problem, the Lankester Botanical Garden at the Universidad de Costa Rica and the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, Panama, established a new research center focused on the study of orchids. The aim of the cooperation is to provide the methodology, information, and expertise for a longterm project on taxonomy and systematics of the orchids of Panam.
La pesadilla de lindley - la biología sexual de catasetum y cycnoches
Authors: Gerlach Günter
Published: September 2014

The sexual dimorphism of the genera Catasetum and Cycnoches is now common knowledge to orchid growers and investigators. Female flowers of Catasetum are all non-resupinate with a hooded lip, whereas the male flowers can be non-resupinate with a hooded lip or resupinate with a differently shaped lip, depending on the species. Only with male flowers present can the species of a Catasetum can be determined. In Cycnoches, flowers of both sexes are resupinate with a slender and long, curved column, resembling a swan’s neck. The lip of male flowers of C. sect. Heteranthae is provided with finger-like projections, but female flowers of that section and those of C. sect. Cycnoches have an entire lip. Female flowers of both genera observed in the Botanical Garden of Munich bear pollinaria, but they are without any function. Slight movements of the female inflorescences of Catasetum cause the pollinaria to fall off, and as a result their presence is often overlooked. In female pollinaria of Catasetum the caudicles are absent, making pollination impossible in nature. Their pollen is germinable, and application of the pollinia to the stigma of the same flower yields viable seeds. The seldomobserved intermediate forms have a stigmatic cavity as in the male flowers. Their pollinaria are similar to those of the female flowers, so they are also non-functional. They do not serve either as males or females. In female Cycnoches, the anther cap does not fall off, so preventing pollination by such a pollinarium. The pollinia are encapsulated by the anther cap and so cannot come into contact with the stigma of another flower. Here, too, germination tests of the female pollen were positive. It is suspected that selfing of the female flowers here also will result in viable seeds. In both cases the female flowers are true hermaphrodites, but because of their limited male function one should think of them as functional female flowers. Male flowers, however, do not develop precursors of ovules, and a stigma is not present. Given the different flower morphologies and the pollination processes, one assumes that the floral fragrances should differ among the sexes of Catasetum flowers. The battered pollinator will remember the negative experience with the male flowers. So different fragrances in the female flowers would be the way out of this dilemma. Floral fragrances of five Catasetum species and two Cycnoches species were investigated by gas chromatography. Only weak differences in the fragrance composition of the separate sexes were detected, begging several questions. What are the forces driving the pollinator from male to female flowers? Is the weight of the pollinarium sufficient to explain avoidance of the male flowers? Does the bee still remember the disagreeable episode? Is identification effected only by visual senses?
Long-term hurricane effects on populations of two epiphytic orchid species from Guanahacabibes Peninsula, Cuba
Authors: Mújica Ernesto , Raventós Josep , González Elaine , Bonet Andreu
Published: September 2014

Disturbances affect the spatial and temporal dynamics of ecosystems. The lack of long-term demographic data affects our understanding the effects of high intensity disturbances such as hurricanes. In this paper we assess population recovery of two epiphytic orchids, Broughtonia cubensis (Lindl.) Cogn. and Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindl.) Bentham ex Rolfe, for 7-8 years after Hurricane Ivan (September 2004, category 5, Saffir-Simpson scale). To analyze some spatial components, we applied recent techniques of marked point pattern analysis to ask two questions: 1) at level of phorophytes, was the height and basal diameter (DBH) related to the damage caused by hurricane Ivan, and 2) was the height of epiphytic orchids on phorophytes related to the damage, too? We found that phorophyte damage caused by the hurricane depends on the ecosystem in which the trees were found. Furthermore, damage to individuals of B. cubensis was independent of their height above ground, in contrast to those of D. lindenii. To assess orchid recovery we compared pre- and post-hurricane measures of vegetative traits: number of leaves and leaf area for B. cubensis and number of living roots and mean root length for the leafless D. lindenii. We also compared changes in the production of inflorescences, flowers, and fruits over this recovery period. We found that vegetative parts of B. cubensis recovered, whereas those of D. lindenii did not. However, neither reproductive effort nor success returned to pre-hurricane levels for either species. The greatest decline in fruit set was by D. lindenii, which may reflect a significant decline in availability of their sphingid pollinators. The relative population growth rate from 2004 to 2012 for B. cubensis indicates that the population has stabilized. Unfortunately, analysis of our eight-year data set (2003-2011) for D. lindenii shows negative population growth. Despite an evolutionary history exposed to severe periodic storms not all orchid species are resilient.
Toward a global orchid taxonomic network
Authors: Pupulin Franco
Published: September 2014

Se revisan la génesis y las etapas iniciales del desarrollo del proyecto Epidendra, recapitulando las razones científicas, éticas y políticas que contribuyeron a definir su forma y contenidos actuales. Se discuten la estructura taxonómica de la red global de orquídeas, su marco sistemático e implicaciones nomenclatoriales. Se presentan los hechos y números actuales de la base de datos y se esbozan las líneas de su desarrollo futuro.
A newly recognized clade of Pleurothallis with Mesoamerican distribution
Authors: Wilson M. , Pupulin F. , Archila Morales F. L. , Damon A. , Solano Gómez R.
Published: September 2014

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Identificación de bacterias endófitas asociadas a raíces de Cattleya quadricolor Lindl.
Authors: Guerrero Luz Ángela , Pérez Quiroga Jissel , Quintero María Alejandra , Rojas Triviño Alberto , Tupac Otero J.
Published: September 2014

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Three new small-flowered cyrtochilum species (orchidaceae: oncidiinae) from Colombia and Peru, and one new combination
Authors: Dalström Stig , Ruíz Pérez Saul
Published: September 2014

Three new small-flowered Cyrtochilum species from Colombia and Peru are here described, illustrated and compared with similar species, and with one new taxonomic combination. The first species differs from all other Cyrtochilum species by the curved horn-like structures on the lip callus. The second species differs from its most similar relative by a larger flower with a different column structure. The third species is distinguished by the three horn-like knobs at the apex of the column.
Estudio de la orquideoflora de la reserva privada Chicacnab, Alta verapaz, Guatemala
Authors: Mó Mó Edgar Alfredo , Ruiz Cruz Edgar Armando
Published: September 2014

Se realizó un estudio orquideoflorístico en la reserva privada Chicacnab, que se localiza en San Juan Chamelco, Alta Verapaz. La metodología de trabajo se basó en un muestreo referencial para elegir las parcelas y árboles, dependiendo de la densidad del bosque y su elevación. El método que se utilizó para muestrear los árboles fue el de zonas de estratificación del forófito; más específicamente la división en 5 estratos propuesta por Johansson. Se muestrearon 421 árboles y 7 aéreas para plantas terrestres y litófitas, con un total de 6 743 especímenes. Se detectaron 46 especies, pertenecientes a 22 géneros de la familia Orchidaceae, entre ellas 4 especies endémicas de Guatemala, 10 registros nuevos para Alta Verapaz y un nuevo registro para Guatemala. El hábito de crecimiento más frecuente fue el epífito.
Two new small flowered Cyrtochilum species (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) from Venezuela
Authors: Morillo Gilberto , Dalström Stig
Published: September 2014

During ongoing research on the genus Cyrtochilum Kunth in the Venezuelan Andes, two new species have been found, which are described, illustrated and compared with similar species here.
A revision of the Mexican and Central American species of Vanilla plumier ex miller with a characterization of their its region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA
Authors: Soto Arenas Miguel A. , Dressler Robert L.
Published: September 2014

Se presenta una revisión de las especies mexicanas y centroamericanas de Vanilla. Existen 15 especies reconocidas en el área. Vanilla costaricensis, V. cribbiana, V. dressleri, V. martinezii y V. sarapiquensis se proponen aquí como nuevas especies, V. pompona subsp. pittieri y V. pompona subsp. grandiflora también se reconocen con status subespecífico. Vanilla calyculata, V. hartii, V. helleri, V. inodora, V. insignis, V. odorata, V. phaeantha, V. planifolia, V. pompona y V. trigonocarpa también se describen, ilustran y se discuten aspectos de su nomenclatura, tipificación, distribución, relaciones y otros puntos de interés. Adicionalmente, se incluye una clave de identificación de las especies. Varias especies mexicanas y centroamericanas de Vanilla están cercanamente relacionadas a V. planifolia y V. pompona, las dos especies más frecuentemente cultivadas, y por lo tanto representan un germoplasma importante para este cultivo. Adicionalmente se presenta un análisis estadístico de secuencias nucleotídicas de la región de los espaciadores internos transcritos (ITS) de los genes nucleares ribosomales, donde se muestra que las secuencias de este marcador molecular ampliamente utilizado son específicas, lo que permite, salvo algunas excepciones que se discuten, el reconocimiento de muestras estériles y además lo hacen un buen marcador molecular para estudios filogenéticos en este género. Se comenta la similitud y relación entre V. tahitensis* y V. odorata, y el origen híbrido de la primera.
Dos especies nuevas de Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) de México
Authors: Solano Gómez Rodolfo
Published: September 2014

Se describen e ilustran dos especies nuevas de la subtribu Pleurothallidinae como Acianthera sotoana, de Oaxaca y Veracruz, y Stelis sotoarenasii, de Oaxaca. Estas orquídeas habían sido confundidas previamente con especies similares, la primera con Acianthera johnsonii, la segunda con Stelis retusa. Para cada especie se proporciona información sobre distribución, hábitat, fenología, estado de conservación y un mapa de sus localidades conocidas.
On the identity of Myoxanthus scandens (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), with a new species from Costa Rica
Authors: Pupulin Franco , Bogarín Diego , Fernández Melania
Published: September 2014

Presentamos e ilustramos una nueva especie de Myoxanthus para Costa Rica, junto a la descripción e ilustración de M. scandens basadas en material costarricense. La nueva especie, Myoxanthus sotoanum, es similar a M. scandens, de la que difiere principalmente por sus hojas lineares, las flores café-amarillento, los pétalos y el labelo amarillos, los lóbulos laterales del labelo oblongos, obtusos y subfalcados, las dos quillas que se extienden hasta la mitad del labelo y los dientes más cortos, triangulares, agudos, que flanquean el estigma. Myoxanthus sotoanum generalmente se encuentra a elevaciones inferiores que M. scandens.
A new species of Odontoglossum (Orchidaceae: oncidiinae) from Ecuador
Authors: Dalström Stig , Merino Gilberto
Published: September 2014

A new and horticultural desirable species of Odontoglossum from Ecuador is described, illustrated and compared with similar species.
Novelties in the orchid flora of Venezuela II — Cranichideae
Authors: Romero González Gustavo A. , Fernández Concha Germán Carnevali , Ormerod Paul
Published: September 2014

Se describen e ilustran dos nuevas orquídeas en la tribu Cranichideae colectadas en el contexto del proyecto “Flora de orquídeas de los estados Amazonas y Bolívar, Venezuela”. Ligeophila gavilanensis (subtribu Goodyerinae) es similar a L. unicornis pero difiere por sus hojas más anchas (1.75—2.90 versus 0.93—1.50 cm), angostamente elípticas hasta oblongo lanceoladas (no lanceoladas) y flores con los lóbulos del epiquilo oblongo-lanceolados, obtusos (no anchamente lanceolados, agudos) y un epiquilo sin apéndice (careciendo de una proyección oblonga, comprimida). Sarcoglottis maroaënsis (subtribu Spiranthinae) es similar a S. metallica pero la nueva especie difiere por las flores color crema con venas rojizo oscuro en los sépalos, pétalos y labeloy por las hojas de color diferente. En color floral es similar a S. ventricosa pero las inflorescencias de Sarcoglottis maroaënsis son más laxas y no lanadas, las flores son menores y los sépalos laterales y el labelo son diferentes. Reportamos un isotipo de Sarcoglottis stergiosii no citado en el protólogo, así como un espécimen colectado en la Amazonía colombiana. También se incluye una clave para identificar las especies de Sarcoglottis reportadas para la Guayana venezolana.
A new species of Lophiaris raf. (Orchidaceae) from the Pacific Coastal of Mexico
Authors: Balam Narváez Ricardo , Cetzal Ix William , Fernández Concha Germán Carnevali
Published: September 2014

Una especie de Lophiaris Raf. (Orchidaceae: Cymbidieae: Oncidiinae), Lophiaris natalieae, de Jalisco, México, es propuesta como nueva. La nueva especie es descrita, ilustrada y comparada con Lophiaris lurida, la cual es diferente por sus sépalos laterales cortos y fusionados en la base, y con el lóbulo central del labelo transversalmente mas estrecho. Su distribución y hábitat son discutidos. El estado de conservación del nuevo taxon es analizado con base a los criterios del MER.
Rapid transformation of orchid floras
Authors: Ackerman James D.
Published: September 2014

What does the future hold for the Orchidaceae? Historically the family has been quite plastic and responsive to large-scale habitat transformations, perhaps none so dramatic as the changes experienced during the formation of the cordilleras of the Northern Andes and lower Central America. Coupled with the backdrop of global fluctuations in climate, the rapid rise of these mountains over the last 0.5-2 M years have fragmented habitats and changed climate locally. These mountains are one of the most biologically diverse regions of the planet and may have served as a species pump for the Caribbean and other regions of Central and South America. The development of such diversity occurred over a scale of tens of millions of years to perhaps just a few thousand. While the same processes of the past are likely operational now, the current rate of habitat change may be unprecedented outside asteroid or major meteor impacts as global climate change accelerates, human- altered landscapes spread, and shifts occur in land use. We expect the structure and composition of orchid floras to change as populations respond evolutionarily through adaptation, extinctions and immigrations. Certainly the total destruction of a habitat, whether caused by volcanic eruptions or strip mining, is sure to have dire consequences but resiliency may occur if refugia serve as seed sources for colonization in the event of habitat recovery. As most orchids occupy ephemeral habitats or at least substrates, their natural population behavior likely entails cycles of local colonization and extinction as metapopulations. Another component of change is the increasing number of orchids that have become naturalized after human assisted dispersal (intentional or not). These alien orchids have overcome constraints imposed by pollination and mycorrhizal requirements. Will natural or human-assisted range expansions overcome extinction losses? Will they be among those that become the genetic material for a new wave of adaptive radiations? Much depends on population variation, patterns of gene flow, and rates of change. The Orchidaceae have had a history of ecological resiliency and evolutionary flexibility, which provides some degree of assurance. But this is no excuse for complacency since without some form of intervention the pace of change underway may be more than what orchid populations can overcome.
A new species in the cohniella ascendens complex from amazonian Venezuela (orchidaceae, oncidiinae)
Authors: Cetzal-IX William , Carnevali Germán , NoGuera-Savelli Eliana
Published: September 2014

Cohniella amazonica (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae, clado-Trichocentrum), una especie en el complejo Cohniella ascendens de Amazonas, Venezuela, es aquí descrito, ilustrado y caracterizado con base en caracteres morfológicos. El nuevo taxón es similar a C. nuda, de la cual se distingue por los lóbulos laterales del labelo subcuadrado-oblongos que se encuentran en el mismo plano que el lóbulo central, el callo 5-partito, las alas de columna bipartitas y la distribución restringida a la porción noreste de Amazonas, Venezuela. El estado de conservación del nuevo taxón es evaluado como Datos Deficientes (DD) de acuerdo a los criterios de la UICN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza). Proporcionamos una clave y una tabla de caracteres para diagnosticar las especies del complejo Cohniella ascendens, una figura comparativa y un mapa que muestra sus distribuciones geográficas de las especies de este grupo.
Three new masdevallia species (orchidaceae: pleurothallidinae) from Peru
Authors: Dalström Stig , Ruíz Pérez Saul
Published: September 2014

Three new Masdevallia species are described, illustrated and compared with similar species. A brief taxonomic discussion is held about the justification for describing the new taxa as Masdevallia and not as belonging to any of the recently proposed segregated genera. The first species is most similar to M. rimarima- alba but differs in having a more tubular flower and a narrower lip, the second species is similar to M. dudleyi and M. nunezii but differs in the richly pubescent sepals, and the third species is distinguished from other similar and multiflowered Masdevallia species by the rugose lip.
New species and records of orchidaceae from Costa Rica. III
Authors: Fernández Melania , KarreMans Adam P , Jiménez Daniel
Published: September 2014

The establishment in Costa Rica of the great naturalist Charles H. Lankester in the 19th century brought a tremendous increase in the knowledge of Costa Rican Orchidaceae. His desire to leave the collections kept at his farm for a scientific and educational purpose was finally accomplished in 1973 with the foundation of Lankester Botanical Garden (JBL). Since then, JBL has followed Lankester’s legacy with its consolidation as a leading center for the study of Neotropical orchids, resulting among others in more than 180 new Costa Rican species and records in the last 12 years. This manuscript includes the description of four new species and seven new records, as part of JBL’s contribution to the completion of the Costa Rican orchid inventory.
Vanilla rivasii (orchidaceae), a new species from the colombian pacific region
Authors: Molineros Hurtado Francisco , González Mina Robert Tulio , Flanagan Nicola S , Tupac Otero J
Published: September 2014

We describe a new species of fragrant Vanilla from the Chocó biogeographic region of Western Colombia, named Vanilla rivasii sp. nov. in honor of the local farmer who drew it to our attention. This species is related to the Vanilla hostmannii group, also containing V. dressleri, V. ruiziana and V. cribbiana, with which it shares flower traits such as the showy, yellowish flower with thickened longitudinal venation in the lip apex. Vanilla rivasii is characterised by possessing: a long racemose inflorescence up to 60 cm in length, carrying up to 150 yellow flowers, with two to four open simultaneously; a trilobed labellum with a conspicuously bi-lobulated central lobe; and basally fused lateral sepals. Vanilla rivasii can be distinguished from the most morphologically-similar species, V. cribbiana and V. hostmannii, by the number of veins in the cushion-like structure of the lip and the larger size and higher number of flowers per inflorescence. This discovery highlights northern South America as a centre of diversity for this economically-important genus, and underlines the need for further botanical exploration in the highly biodiverse region of the Chocó.
A new large-flowered odontoglossum (orchidaceae: oncidiinae) from the Cusco region in Peru
Authors: Dalström Stig , Ruíz Pérez Saul
Published: September 2014

Plants of a colorful Odontoglossum were recently found by separate parties in the Cusco region of central Peru. The species was incorrectly identified as Odontoglossum epidendroides, independently by both parties. Although similar in appearance, a closer examination of the flower reveals that it represents a new species, which is scientifically described here and compared with similar species. The new taxon is distinguished from the similar O. cruentum and O. juninense by morphological features of the column, such as the lateral curvature profile, with larger and more rectangular wings, and in combination with the well developed falcate callus structure on the lip. Our new species is also distinguished from the rather similar O. epidendroides by having flowers with a shorter column with shorter wings.
A new and striking odontoglossum (orchidaceae: oncidiinae) from Peru
Authors: Dalström Stig , Pérez Ruíz Saul
Published: September 2014

A new species of Odontoglossum with an extraordinary long column and filamentose lip callus is described, illustrated with a photograph and a line drawing, and compared with similar and presumably closely related species, such as O. epidendroides and O. juninense. The new species belongs to the Odontoglossum complex with a flexible lip-base attachment, but differs from all other species in that complex primarily by the elongate base of the column, below the attachment of the strap-like lip-base.