bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Serrated Chip Formation Mechanism with Johnson-Cook Parameters in Micro-Cutting of Ti6Al4V
Authors: Zheng Zhongpeng , Ni Chenbing , Yang Yun , Bai Yuchao , Jin Xin
Published: January 2021

Previous studies have reported significant differences in the Johnson-Cook (J-C) parameters of Ti6Al4V alloy. Thus, various serrated chip morphologies, cutting forces, and cutting temperatures are obtained when different constitutive parameters are used for numerical and simulation analyses, which decreases the reliability of the simulation model. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and analyze simulation errors due to differences in the J-C parameters. In this study, the mechanism of the serrated chip formation of Ti6Al4V is thoroughly analyzed using the uniformly proportional J-C parameters. The serrated chip sensitivity, shear band spacing, serrated segmentation frequency, chip serration intensity, temperature field, strain energy, and cutting force is obtained. This study aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of the micro-cutting simulation models, as well as a reference for the selection of J-C constitutive parameters of simulation with Ti6Al4V manufactured with different heat treatments and additive manufacturing.
Design and Fabrication of Bulk Micromachined 4H-SiC Piezoresistive Pressure Chips Based on Femtosecond Laser Technology
Authors: Wang Lukang , Zhao You , Zhao Yulong , Yang Yu , Gong Taobo , Hao Le , Ren Wei
Published: January 2021

Silicon carbide (SiC) has promising potential for pressure sensing in a high temperature and harsh environment due to its outstanding material properties. In this work, a 4H-SiC piezoresistive pressure chip fabricated based on femtosecond laser technology was proposed. A 1030 nm, 200 fs Yb: KGW laser with laser average powers of 1.5, 3 and 5 W was used to drill blind micro holes for achieving circular sensor diaphragms. An accurate per lap feed of 16.2 μm was obtained under laser average power of 1.5 W. After serialized laser processing, the machining depth error of no more than 2% and the surface roughness as low as 153 nm of the blind hole were measured. The homoepitaxial piezoresistors with a doping concentration of 1019 cm−3 were connected by a closed-loop Wheatstone bridge after a rapid thermal annealing process, with a specific contact resistivity of 9.7 × 10−5 Ω cm2. Our research paved the way for the integration of femtosecond laser micromachining and SiC pressure sensor chips manufacturing.
Modern Synthetic Methods for the Stereoselective Construction of 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Rodríguez-Solla Humberto
Published: January 2021

The 1,3-butadiene motif is widely found in many natural products and drug candidates with relevant biological activities. Moreover, dienes are important targets for synthetic chemists, due to their ability to give access to a wide range of functional group transformations, including a broad range of C-C bond-forming processes. Therefore, the stereoselective preparation of dienes have attracted much attention over the past decades, and the search for new synthetic protocols continues unabated. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the diverse methodologies that have emerged in the last decade, with a focus on the synthetic processes that meet the requirements of efficiency and sustainability of modern organic chemistry.
Editorial to Special Issue—“Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of Natural Products”
Authors: Sippl Wolfgang , Ntie-Kang Fidele
Published: January 2021

The topic of structure-activity-relationships (SAR) has recently drawn a lot of attention, and there is increasing interest in natural products (NPs) as a “source of inspiration” for the discovery of new lead compounds [...]
Lab-on-Microsphere—FRET-Based Multiplex Sensor Platform
Authors: Kuznetsova Vera , Osipova Viktoria , Tkach Anton , Miropoltsev Maksim , Kurshanov Danil , Sokolova Anastasiia , Cherevkov Sergei , Zakharov Viktor , Fedorov Anatoly , Baranov Alexander , Gun’ko Yurii
Published: January 2021

Here we report on the development and investigation of a novel multiplex assay model based on polymer microspheres (PMS) encoded with ternary AIS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The system was prepared via layer-by-layer deposition technique. Our studies of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the QD-encoded microspheres and two different cyanine dyes have demonstrated that the QD photoluminescence (PL) quenching steadily increases with a decrease in the QD-dye distance. We have found that the sensitized dye PL intensity demonstrates a clear maximum at two double layers of polyelectrolytes between QDs and Dye molecules on the polymer microspheres. Time resolved PL measurements have shown that the PL lifetime decreases for the QDs and increases for the dyes due to FRET. The designed system makes it possible to record spectrally different bands of FRET-induced dye luminescence with different decay times and thereby allows for the multiplexing by wavelength and photoluminescence lifetimes of the dyes. We believe that PMS encoded with AIS/ZnS QDs have great potential for the development of new highly selective and sensitive sensor systems for multiplex analysis to detect cell lysates and body fluids’ representative biomarkers.
Highly Porous Au–Pt Bimetallic Urchin-Like Nanocrystals for Efficient Electrochemical Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Kim Heon Chul , Hong Jong Wook
Published: January 2021

Highly porous Au–Pt urchin-like bimetallic nanocrystals have been prepared by a one-pot wet-chemical synthesis method. The porosity of urchin-like bimetallic nanocrystals was controlled by amounts of hydrazine used as reductant. The prepared highly porous Au-Pt urchin-like nanocrystals were superior catalysts of electrochemical methanol oxidation due to high porosity and surface active sites by their unique morphology. This approach will pave the way for the design of bimetallic porous materials with unprecedented functions.
Circular RNAs: Potential Applications as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Sarkar Debina , Diermeier Sarah D.
Published: January 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that form a covalently closed loop. A number of functions and mechanisms of action for circRNAs have been reported, including as miRNA sponge, exerting transcriptional and translational regulation, interacting with proteins, and coding for peptides. CircRNA dysregulation has also been implicated in many cancers, such as breast cancer. Their relatively high stability and presence in bodily fluids makes cancer-associated circRNAs promising candidates as a new biomarker. In this review, we summarize the research undertaken on circRNAs associated with breast cancer, discuss circRNAs as biomarkers, and present circRNA-based therapeutic approaches.
Autism, Therapy and COVID-19
Authors: Sergi Luana , Mingione Emanuele , Ricci Maria , Cavallaro Antonella , Russo Ferdinando , Corrivetti Giulio , Operto Francesca , Frolli Alessandro
Published: January 2021

While numerous treatments for ASD are available, intervention based on the principles and procedures of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has garnered substantial scientific support. In this study we evaluated the effects of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, followed by quarantine provisions and during the three months after the resumption of activities. The study was conducted on a group of children taking part on a ABA-based intervention funded by the Local Health Authority (ASL) of the province of Caserta. In this study we considered a sample of 88 children who had been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, aged between 18 and 30 months. The following inclusion criteria were observed: age at the time of diagnosis less than 30 months, absence of other neurological, genetic, or sensorineural pathologies, and severity level 1 measured by symptoms evaluation based on the ADOS 2 module T (used for diagnosis). During the lockdown children experienced improvements in communication, socialization, and personal autonomy. During the three months after the ABA treatment, the acquired skills were maintained but no significant improvement was demonstrated. In this study, we describe how parent training was significant in avoiding delays in the generalization of socially significant behaviors, following the drastic interruption of the treatment in this group of children.
SZR-104, a Novel Kynurenic Acid Analogue with High Permeability through the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Molnár Kinga , Lőrinczi Bálint , Fazakas Csilla , Szatmári István , Fülöp Ferenc , Kmetykó Noémi , Berkecz Róbert , Ilisz István , Krizbai István A. , Wilhelm Imola , Vécsei László
Published: January 2021

By being an antagonist of glutamate and other receptors, kynurenic acid serves as an endogenous neuroprotectant in several pathologies of the brain. Unfortunately, systemic administration of kynurenic acid is hindered by its low permeability through the blood–brain barrier. One possibility to overcome this problem is to use analogues with similar biological activity as kynurenic acid, but with an increased permeability through the blood–brain barrier. We synthesized six novel aminoalkylated amide derivatives of kynurenic acid, among which SZR-104 (N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3-(morpholinomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxamide) proved to have the highest permeability through an in vitro blood–brain barrier model. In addition, permeability of SZR-104 was significantly higher than that of kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and 39B, a quinolone derivative/xanthurenic acid analogue. Since peripherally administered SZR-104 is able to inhibit epileptiform activity in the brain, we conclude that SZR-104 is a promising kynurenic acid analogue with good penetrability into the central nervous system.
Glucose-Responsive Gene Delivery at Physiological pH through Tertiary-Amine Stabilized Boronate-PVA Particles Synthesized by One-Pot Reaction
Authors: Morey Mangesh , Srivastava Akshay , Pandit Abhay
Published: January 2021

We report a physiologically stable and cytocompatible glucose-responsive nonviral gene delivery system made up of boronate functionalized polymeric material. Herein, we utilize boronate cis-diol interactions to develop a glucose-responsive submicron particle (SMP) system. The stability of the boronate interaction at a physiological pH was achieved by copolymerization of dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA) and the formation of a complex with polyvinylalcohol (PVA) which is governed by cis-diol interactions. The shift in hydrodynamic diameter of SMPs was observed and correlated with increasing glucose concentrations at a physiological pH. Optimal transfection was observed for a 5 µg dose of the gaussia luciferase reporter gene in NIH3T3 cells without any adverse effect on cellular viability. The destabilization of the AAPBA–PVA complex by interacting with glucose allowed the release of encapsulated bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a glucose-responsive manner. In total, 95% of BSA was released from SMPs at a 50 mM glucose concentration after 72 h. A two-fold increase in transfection was observed in 50 mM glucose compared to that of 10 mM glucose.
Nanoporous Silica Entrapped Lipid-Drug Complexes for the Solubilization and Absorption Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs
Authors: Shin Hey-Won , Kim Joo-Eun , Park Young-Joon
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine the contribution of nanoporous silica entrapped lipid-drug complexes (NSCs) in improving the solubility and bioavailability of dutasteride (DUT). An NSC was loaded with DUT (dissolved in lipids) and dispersed at a nanoscale level using an entrapment technique. NSC microemulsion formation was confirmed using a ternary phase diagram, while the presence of DUT and lipid entrapment in NSC was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction revealed the amorphous properties of NSC. The prepared all NSC had excellent flowability and enhanced DUT solubility but showed no significant difference in drug content homogeneity. An increase in the lipid content of NSC led to an increase in the DUT solubility. Further the NSC were formulated as tablets using D-α tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, glyceryl caprylate/caprate, and Neusilin®. The NSC tablets showed a high dissolution rate of 99.6% at 30 min. Furthermore, NSC stored for 4 weeks at 60 °C was stable during dissolution testing. Pharmacokinetic studies performed in beagle dogs revealed enhanced DUT bioavailability when administered as NSC tablets. NSC can be used as a platform to develop methods to overcome the technical and commercial limitations of lipid-based preparations of poorly soluble drugs.
Metabolomic and Biochemical Analysis of Two Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Exposed to In Vitro Osmotic and Salt Stresses
Authors: Hamooh Bahget Talat , Sattar Farooq Abdul , Wellman Gordon , Mousa Magdi Ali Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Globally, many crop production areas are threatened by drought and salinity. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is susceptible to these challenging environmental conditions. In this study, an in vitro approach was employed to compare the tolerance of potato cultivars ‘BARI-401’ (red skin) and ‘Spunta’ (yellow skin). To simulate ionic and osmotic stress, MS media was supplemented with lithium chloride (LiCl 20 mM) and mannitol (150 mM). GC-MS and spectrophotometry techniques were used to determine metabolite accumulation. Other biochemical properties, such as total phenols concentration (TPC), total flavonoids concentration (TFC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH free radical scavenging capacity), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities, were also measured. The two cultivars respond differently to ionic and osmotic stress treatments, with Spunta accumulating more defensive metabolites in response, indicating a higher level of tolerance. While further investigation of the physiological and biochemical responses of these varieties to drought and salinity is required, the approach taken in this paper provides useful information prior to open field evaluation.
Relationship between Vessel Formation and Seasonal Changes in Leaf Area of Evergreen and Deciduous Species with Different Vessel Arrangements
Authors: Takahashi Sayaka , Takahashi Erina
Published: January 2021

To discuss the diversity of morphological traits and life strategies of trees, the functional relationship between leaf expansion and vessel formation must be clarified. We compared the temporal relationship among tree species with different leaf habits and vessel arrangements. Twigs, leaves, and trunk core samples were periodically acquired from 35 sample trees of nine species in a temperate forest in Japan. We quantitatively estimated leaf expansion using a nonlinear regression model and observed thin sections of twigs and trunks with a light microscope. Almost all of the first-formed vessels in twigs, which formed adjacent to the annual ring border, were lignified with a leaf area between 0% and 70% of the maximum in all species. The first-formed vessels in trunks lignified between 0% and 95% of the maximum leaf area in ring-porous deciduous Quercus serrata and ring-(radial-)porous evergreen Castanopsis cuspidate. Their lignification occurred earlier than in diffuse-porous deciduous Liquidambar styraciflua, diffuse-porous evergreen Cinnamomum camphora and Symplocos prunifolia, and radial-porous evergreen Quercus glauca and Quercus myrsinifolia. The timing varied in semi-ring-porous deciduous Acanthopanax sciadophylloides and diffuse-porous evergreen Ilex pedunculosa. The observed differences in the timing of vessel formation after leaf appearance were reflected in their differing vessel porosities and were connected to the different life strategies among tree species.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of HOS1 Reveals Its Role in the Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shkryl Yury , Yugay Yulia , Avramenko Tatiana , Grigorchuk Valeria , Gorpenchenko Tatiana , Grischenko Olga , Bulgakov Victor
Published: January 2021

In Arabidopsis, the RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1) functions as a main regulator of the cold signaling. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of the HOS1 gene in the first exon was performed. DNA sequencing showed that frameshift indels introduced by genome editing of HOS1 resulted in the appearance of premature stop codons, disrupting the open reading frame. Obtained hos1Cas9 mutant plants were compared with the SALK T-DNA insertion mutant, line hos1-3, in terms of their tolerance to abiotic stresses, accumulation of secondary metabolites and expression levels of genes participating in these processes. Upon exposure to cold stress, enhanced tolerance and expression of cold-responsive genes were observed in both hos1-3 and hos1Cas9 plants. The hos1 mutation caused changes in the synthesis of phytoalexins in transformed cells. The content of glucosinolates (GSLs) was down-regulated by 1.5-times, while flavonol glycosides were up-regulated by 1.2 to 4.2 times in transgenic plants. The transcript abundance of the corresponding MYB and bHLH transcription factors, which are responsible for the regulation of secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis, were also altered. Our data suggest a relationship between HOS1-regulated downstream signaling and phytoalexin biosynthesis.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characteristics of Combustion of Discrete Polymethyl Methacrylate Plates with Different Spacings in Concave Building Facades
Authors: An Weiguang , Peng Lujun , Cai Minglun , Hu Kaiyang , Li Song , Wang Tao
Published: January 2021

Polymethyl methacrylate plates are widely applied to buildings, producing significant fire hazards. It lacks a theoretical basis for the fire risk assessment of polymethyl methacrylate in concave building facades. Therefore, experimental methods are used to investigate combustion characteristics of discrete polymethyl methacrylate plates in a concave building facade. Influences of fuel coverage and structure factor are investigated, which is scant in previous works. When structure factor is invariable, average flame height increases first and then decreases as fuel coverage increases, and the turning point is between 0.64 and 0.76. In total, three different patterns of pyrolysis front propagation are first observed for different fuel coverages. Flame spread rate first increases and then decreases as fuel coverage rises, and the turning point is also between 0.64 and 0.76. When fuel coverage is invariable, the flame spread rate first increases and then decreases with increasing structure factor, and the turning point is 1.2. A model for predicting the flame spread rate of discrete polymethyl methacrylate is also developed. The predicted values are consistent with experimental results. Fuel spread rate of discrete polymethyl methacrylate rises as the fuel coverage increases. The above results are beneficial for thermal hazard evaluation and fire safety design of polymethyl methacrylate used in buildings.
Monitoring Spatiotemporal Changes of Impervious Surfaces in Beijing City Using Random Forest Algorithm and Textural Features
Authors: Dong Xuegang , Meng Zhiguo , Wang Yongzhi , Zhang Yuanzhi , Sun Haoteng , Wang Qingshuai
Published: January 2021

As the capital city of China, Beijing has experienced unprecedented economic and population growth and dramatic impervious surface changes during the last few decades. An application of the classification method combining the spectral and textural features based on Random Forest was conducted to monitor the spatial and temporal changes of Beijing’s impervious surfaces. This classification strategy achieved excellent performance in the impervious surface extraction in complex urban areas, as the Kappa coefficient reached 0.850. Based on this strategy, the impervious surfaces inside Beijing’s sixth ring road in 1997, 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2017 were extracted. As the development of Beijing has a special regional feature, the changes of impervious surfaces within the sixth ring road were assessed. The findings are as follows: (1) the textural features can significantly improve the classification accuracy of land cover in urban areas, especially for the impervious surface with high albedo. (2) Impervious surfaces within the sixth ring road expanded dramatically from 1997 to 2017, had three expanding periods: 1997–2002, 2002–2007, and 2013–2017, and only shrank in 2007–2013. There are different possible major driving factors for each period. (3) The region between the fifth and sixth ring roads in Beijing underwent the most significant changes in the two decades. (4) The inner three regions are relatively highly urbanized areas compared to the outer two regions. Urbanization processes in the interior regions tend to be completed compared to the exterior regions.
Identification and Evaluation of Urban Construction Waste with VHR Remote Sensing Using Multi-Feature Analysis and a Hierarchical Segmentation Method
Authors: Chen Qiang , Cheng Qianhao , Wang Jinfei , Du Mingyi , Zhou Lei , Liu Yang
Published: January 2021

With rapid urbanization, the disposal and management of urban construction waste have become the main concerns of urban management. The distribution of urban construction waste is characterized by its wide range, irregularity, and ease of confusion with the surrounding ground objects, such as bare soil, buildings, and vegetation. Therefore, it is difficult to extract and identify information related to urban construction waste by using the traditional single spectral feature analysis method due to the problem of spectral confusion between construction waste and the surrounding ground objects, especially in the context of very-high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images. Considering the multi-feature analysis method for VHR remote sensing images, we propose an optimal method that combines morphological indexing and hierarchical segmentation to extract the information on urban construction waste in VHR images. By comparing the differences between construction waste and the surrounding ground objects in terms of the spectrum, geometry, texture, and other features, we selected an optimal feature subset to improve the separability of the construction waste and other objects; then, we established a classification model of knowledge rules to achieve the rapid and accurate extraction of construction waste information. We also chose two experimental areas of Beijing to validate our algorithm. By using construction waste separability quality evaluation indexes, the identification accuracy of construction waste in the two study areas was determined to be 96.6% and 96.2%, the separability indexes of the construction waste and buildings reached 1.000, and the separability indexes of the construction waste and vegetation reached 1.000 and 0.818. The experimental results show that our method can accurately identify the exposed construction waste and construction waste covered with a dust screen, and it can effectively solve the problem of spectral confusion between the construction waste and the bare soil, buildings, and vegetation.
BmK NSPK, a Potent Potassium Channel Inhibitor from Scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch, Promotes Neurite Outgrowth via NGF/TrkA Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhao Fang , Zou Xiaohan , Li Shaoheng , He Jing , Xi Chuchu , Tang Qinglian , Wang Yujing , Cao Zhengyu
Published: January 2021

Scorpion toxins represent a variety of tools to explore molecular mechanisms and cellular signaling pathways of many biological functions. These toxins are also promising lead compounds for developing treatments for many neurological diseases. In the current study, we purified a new scorpion toxin designated as BmK NSPK (Buthus martensii Karsch neurite-stimulating peptide targeting Kv channels) from the BmK venom. The primary structure was determined using Edman degradation. BmK NSPK directly inhibited outward K+ current without affecting sodium channel activities, depolarized membrane, and increased spontaneous calcium oscillation in spinal cord neurons (SCNs) at low nanomolar concentrations. BmK NSPK produced a nonmonotonic increase on the neurite extension that peaked at ~10 nM. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that BmK NSPK increased the release of nerve growth factor (NGF). The tyrosine kinases A (TrkA) receptor inhibitor, GW 441756, eliminated the BmK NSPK-induced neurite outgrowth. BmK NSPK also increased phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt) that is the downstream regulator of TrkA receptors. These data demonstrate that BmK NSPK is a new voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel inhibitor that augments neurite extension via NGF/TrkA signaling pathway. Kv channels may represent molecular targets to modulate SCN development and regeneration and to develop the treatments for spinal cord injury.
The Prevalence of Adenoid Hypertrophy among Children with Zika Related Microcephaly
Authors: Leal Mariana C. , Seabra Ramos Danielle , Pinto Bezerra Thiago , Vilela Ana Elizabeth S. C. , Maciel Rebeka Jacques de F. , Rodrigues Mirella , Lira Mariana , Cavalcanti Karen Pena de Souza , Van der Linden Vanessa , Cordeiro Marli T. , Miranda-Filho Demócrito , Ximenes Ricardo , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Caldas Silvio S.
Published: January 2021

Upper respiratory obstruction is a common sequela in children with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM). As a cross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort study, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children with ZRM and symptoms of respiratory obstruction. The data were collected in the first three years of life from children with ZRM who were followed in two reference centers for otorhinolaryngological care of patients with congenital Zika syndrome. Out of 92 children with confirmed ZRM, 57 were evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy after presenting with upper respiratory obstruction symptoms. In this study, 31 of the 57 (54%) children with ZRM who were evaluated had obstructive AH. Thirteen children with obstructive AH were submitted to surgery, which resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms for 11, partial resolution in 1, and no improvement in 1. No evidence of direct involvement by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adenoid tissues was demonstrated by histology or immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence and early presentation of AH in children with ZRM, with consequent upper airway obstruction causing upper airway obstructive disorder, secretory otitis media, and dysphagia.
Salmonella Vaccine Vector System for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Evaluation of Its Efficacy with Virus-Like Particles
Authors: Zhi Yong , Ji Hyun Jung , Guo Huichen , Lim Jae Hyang , Byun Eui-Baek , Kim Woo Sik , Seo Ho Seong
Published: January 2021

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious and devastating disease in livestock animals and has a great potential to cause severe economic loss worldwide. The major antigen of FMDV capsid protein, VP1, contains the major B-cell epitope responsible for effectively eliciting protective humoral immunity. In this study, irradiated Salmonella Typhimurium (KST0666) were used as transgenic vectors containing stress-inducible plasmid pRECN-VP1 to deliver the VP1 protein from FMDV-type A/WH/CHA/09. Mice were orally inoculated with ATOMASal-L3 harboring pRECN-VP1, and FMDV virus-like particles, where (VLPFMDV)-specific humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses were evaluated. Mice vaccinated with attenuated Salmonella (KST0666) expressing VP1 (named KST0669) showed high levels of VLP-specific IgA in feces and IgG in serum, with high FMDV neutralization titer. Moreover, KST0669-vaccinated mice showed increased population of IFN-γ (type 1 T helper cells; Th1 cells)-, IL-5 (Th2 cells)-, and IL-17A (Th17 cells)-expressing CD4+ as well as activated CD8+ T cells (IFN-γ+CD8+ cells), detected by stimulating VLPFMDV. All data indicate that our Salmonella vector system successfully delivered FMDV VP1 to immune cells and that the humoral and cellular efficacy of the vaccine can be easily evaluated using VLPFMDV in a Biosafety Level I (BSL1) laboratory.
Dynamic Hydraulics in a Drinking Water Distribution System Influence Suspended Particles and Turbidity, But Not Microbiology
Authors: Prest Emmanuelle I. , Schaap Peter G. , Besmer Michael D. , Hammes Frederik
Published: January 2021

Spatial and short-term temporal changes in water quality as a result of water age and fluctuating hydraulic conditions were investigated in a drinking water distribution system. Online measurements of total and intracellular adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), total and intact cell concentrations measured with flow cytometry (FCM), turbidity, and particle counts were performed over five weeks at five subsequent locations of the distribution system. The high number of parallel FCM and ATP measurements revealed the combined effect of water age and final disinfection on spatial changes in microbiology in the system. The results underlined that regular daily dynamics in flow velocities are normal and inevitable in drinking water distribution systems, and significantly impact particle counts and turbidity. However, hydraulic conditions had no detectable impact on the concentration of suspended microbial cells. A weak correlation between flow velocity and ATP concentrations suggests incidental resuspension of particle-bound bacteria, presumably caused by either biofilm detachment or resuspension from sediment when flow velocities increase. The highly dynamic hydraulic conditions highlight the value of online monitoring tools for the meaningful description of short-term dynamics (day-scale) in drinking water distribution systems.
Az EU taxonómiai rendelete : A befektetési tevékenységek első, „zöld” szótára
Authors: Dobránszky-Bartus Katalin , Krenchel Jens Valdemar
Published: January 2021

Cikkünk központi témája az EU-nak az ez év júliusában hatályba lépett taxonómiai rendelete. Bemutatjuk a fenti rendelet által lefektetett és a befektetési tevékenységekre, illetve a tőzsdén jegyzett társaságokra vonatkozó azon szabályokat, amelyek meghatározzák, milyen feltételek mellett minősíthető az általuk érintett gazdasági tevékenység zöldnek, vagyis fenntarthatónak környezetvédelmi szempontból. A zöld minősítés feltétele, hogy a szintén ebben a rendeletben meghatározott, egyéb környezetvédelmi, társadalmi és emberi jogi biztosítékoknak eleget tegyenek. Elemzésünk során megállapítottuk, hogy a taxonómiai rendelet hibrid jogi szabályozást eredményezett abban az értelemben, hogy bár a rendelet maga közvetlenül a pénzügyi szolgáltatásokat szabályozza, közvetett célja az üzleti tevékenységek pénzügyi forrásokon keresztül történő befolyásolása. Cikkünk – nem utolsó sorban – alapot nyújt arra, hogy a 2022. január 1-je, vagyis a taxonómiai rendelet meghatározását kiegészítő szakmai átvilágítási kritériumok életbe lépése után az EU pénzügyi szolgáltatásainak, valamint a tőzsdén jegyzett részvényeknek és kötvényeknek a zöld prémiumaival (úgynevezett greemium) kapcsolatos, bármilyen kvantitatív kutatása során a zöld tevékenység definíciójából adódó kutatási előfeltevéseket tisztázzuk, és ezzel a kutatási torzításokat csökkentsük. Ez nagymértékben megkönnyíti majd a greemium európai össze-hasonlítását, mivel annak a meghatározása, hogy mely gazdasági tevékenységet tekintjük zöldnek, európai szabványokon alapul. Megjegyeznénk, hogy felmerülhetnek olyan érvelések, amelyek szerint ezt a meghatározást a piacra kell bízni, annak minden előnyével és hátrányával.
Using self-determination theory to understand the social prescribing process: a qualitative study
Authors: Bhatti Sara , Rayner Jennifer , Pinto Andrew D , Mulligan Kate , Cole Donald C
Published: January 2021

Background

Social prescribing (SP) assists patients to engage in social activities and connect to community supports as part of a holistic approach to primary care.Rx: Community was a SP project, which was implemented within 11 community health centres (CHCs) situated across Ontario, Canada.

Aim

To explore how SP as a process facilitates positive outcomes for patients.

Design & setting

Qualitative methods were used. Eighteen focus groups were conducted at CHCs or by video-conferencing, and involved 88 patients. In addition, eight in-depth telephone interviews were undertaken.

Method

Interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using a theoretical framework based on self-determination theory (SDT).

Results

Participants who had received social prescriptions described SP as an empathetic process that respects their needs and interests. SP facilitated the patient’s voice in their care, helped patients to develop skills in addressing needs important to them, and fostered trusting relationships with staff and other participants. Patients reported their social support networks were expanded, and they had improved mental health and ability in self-management of chronic conditions. Patients who became involved in SP as voluntary 'health champions' reported this was a positive experience and they gained a sense of purpose by giving back to their communities in ways that felt meaningful for them.

Conclusion

SP produced positive outcomes for patients, and it fits well within the community health centre model of primary care. Future research should examine the impact on health outcomes and examine the return on investment of developing and implementing SP programmes.
EFFECT OF FERMENTED GLUTINOUS BLACK RICE ON LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) CHOLESTEROL LEVELS
Authors: Fauziyah Roro Nur , Nurjannah Fitriani , Surmita Surmita
Published: January 2021

Food antioxidants have been widely used as functional and bias to lower Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This study is intended to determine the effect of black sticky ribbon on the decrease of LDL cholesterol levels. This research is two groups of pre and post experiment design. The population of this study is Desa Budiharja, Kecamatan Cililin, Kabupaten Bandung Barat over the age of 35 years. Sampling using Random Sampling method by Simple Random Sampling. The sample size was 19 people in each group. The Fermented Glutinous Black Rice is given 200gr / day black sticky rice and low fat diet counseling. The control group was given low-fat diet counseling. Statistical test results using Dependent T-test showed high active LDL cholesterol levels before and after treatment in the black glutinous band group with p <0.001 (p≤0.05) and in the control group there was no significant decrease in LDL cholesterol With value p = 0,452 (p> 0,05). The result of statistic test using Mann-Whitney showed the effect of black sticky ribbon on the decrease of LDL cholesterol with p = 0,011 (p> 0.05). Need to do socialization of Fermented Glutinous Black Rice as an alternative functional ingredient to lower LDL cholesterol levels.
Os riscos sociais e o rio São Francisco: a categoria lugar e seu ensino como possibilidade de intervenção
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, de Assis André Tomé
Published: January 2021

O São Francisco é o maior rio totalmente brasileiro. Diversos grandes empreendimentos estão sendo realizados na sua bacia e no seu entorno. A implementação e a manutenção desses empreendimentos resultam em riscos sociais aos moradores locais. A Geografia tem uma categoria de análise que pode ser usada para a percepção dos fatos: lugar. A vivência das comunidades locais traz compreensão e respostas para os riscos sociais enfrentados. O lugar e a voz das comunidades são fontes de respostas. Essas respostas podem ser buscadas e usadas na academia, nas escolas e em diversos organismos na procura de soluções para os riscos sociais. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é apontar formas de se trabalhar com a categoria lugar e história oral na busca por soluções de riscos sociais. Concluiu-se que ainda existe uma carência em relação ao escutar as vozes das comunidades locais na gestão de grandes empreendimentos nas áreas pesquisadas.
Serra do Mar (RJ) um território de risco? Aplicação do modelo de fragilidade ambiental, enquanto forma de análise integrada preditiva, a unidades ecodinâmicas
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Góes Souza Kátia Regina , Lourenço Luciano ,   Universidade de Coimbra, NICIF, CEGOT e RISCOS
Published: January 2021

Este artigo versa sobre uma breve revisão conceptual da fragilidade ambiental, entendida como uma abordagem geossistémica que permite analisar o ambiente, separando os processos morfogenéticos dos pedogenéticos e classificando as unidades ecodinâmicas em estáveis e instáveis. Para melhor compreensão desta técnica de análise integrada de investigação ambiental, optou-se por iniciar o artigo com uma interpelação acerca de abordagens ambientais integradoras e descrever, depois, os modelos de fragilidade ambiental e os processos erosivos recorrentes no Brasil, concluindo com o resultado da aplicação de análise de fragilidade ambiental a uma área de estudo localizada na Serra do Mar (RJ). Os principais resultados obtidos mostraram que, de facto, o uso de técnicas de fragilidade ambiental podem contribuir, de forma significativa, como análise preditiva, por detetarem possíveis territórios de risco ambiental.
Cross-Cultural Issues and Human Resources Management in BRIC Countries
Authors: Awalluddin Muhammad Aiman
Published: January 2021

The BRICS market is a significant economic block, accounting for over 40% of the world population and over 20% of global GDP. International companies are eager to do business. Cross-cultural issues, however, can be barriers in human resource management (HRM) and slow the process to achieve credibility among local employees, particularly if Western approach is adopted among local employees. This study focuses on exploring cross-cultural problems in emerging markets, such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China, or infamously known as BRIC, using Hofstede 's expertise to recognise local values that influence HRM periscope and recommend HRM approaches that can be taken to meet local employee standards. From the study, multinational companies are recommended to use the RBV strategy to achieve competitive advantage and local integration. By highlighting the descriptive analysis of the systematic literature approach and using web tool research, a critical assessment of findings shows that each BRIC country has its specific culture and challenge embedded in local culture. Therefore, fully understanding local values are very useful in coping with contrasts and spot opportunities.
Food Security Assessment in Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Empirical Analysis of Dietary Diversity, Current and Project Food Demand and Supply-Demand Gap
Authors: Afridi Ghulam Sadiq , Ishaq Muhammad , Jabbar Abdul
Published: January 2021

This study attempts to determine the dietary diversity score for different food groups and estimates the current demand for different food groups in AJK. Data for this study was collected from 1250 households covering all 10 administrative districts of AJK by following multi-stage sampling techniques through a comprehensive interview schedule. Ten commodity groups (Wheat, Rice, Milk, Meat, Vegetables, Fruits, Pulses, Oil/Ghee, Tea and Other food were developed for analysis. Linear Approximate-Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS) model was used for estimating food demand elasticities through Zellner’s Seemingly Unrelated Regression by using STATA software. All the 10 food groups were found normal goods, except milk and fruits (income elasticity higher than unity). This implies that in future demand for milk and fruits would increase more proportionately as income would increase. The own price elasticities of all 10-food groups were also found congruent to economic theory (Wheat-0.28, Rice-0.65, Milk-0.92, Meat-0.34, Fruits-0.61, Vegetables-0.21, Pulses-0.29, Oil and ghee-0.04, Tea-0.35 and Other food-0.32). The income and own price elasticities depicted that wheat, vegetables, pulses and oil and ghee are necessities as compared to other food groups. The cross-price elasticity illustrated that rice could be a substitute for wheat and wheat for rice in the State of AJK. The Berry’s Index (82.43) depicted that food was diverse on average with a minimum Index value of 61.31. The study of different factors in relation to Berry’s Index depicted that education and income significantly and positively affect Berry’s Index while location of household in urban or rural area do not affect diversification of food. Inclusion of all necessities in Food Stamp program and Ramadan package and efforts by agriculture and livestock department regarding improved production of food commodities are recommended.
Bias-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on 265 nm AlGaN-based LEDs on AlN substrates
Authors: Ishii Ryota , Yoshikawa Akira , Nagase Kazuhiro , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi
Published: January 2021

Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy under an external bias is performed on 265 nm AlGaN-based LEDs on AlN substrates. The bias dependences of the photoluminescence wavelength, intensity, and decay time are observed. Our experimental results indicate that the built-in electric field has the opposite sign as the polarization-induced electric field in the quantum-well layers. These results agree with the first-principles calculations but are contrary to a previous experimental study. Additionally, thermionic and tunneling escape processes from the quantum-well layers play a minor role in the non-unity current injection efficiency at room temperature under a low injection (non-droop) regime.
A Educação Sexual Necessária
Authors: Vitiello Nelson
Published: January 2021

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Hubungan Penerangan Alami dengan Kasus Pneumonia pada Bayi dan Balita di Wilayah Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan Tahun 2011
Authors: Farmani Putu Ika
Published: January 2021

Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian balita di dunia. Oleh karena itu kasus pneumonia merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia. Di Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan, kasus pneumonia balita tahun 2010 meningkat dua kali dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. Kondisi wilayah kerja Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan yang cukup padat bangunan berpengaruh terhadap intensitas pencahayaan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pencahayaan alami terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada bayi dan anak balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan.  Sampel penelitian ini adalah 30 bayi atau anak balita yang terdiagnosa pneumonia sebagai sampel kasus dan 30 orang bayi atau anak balita yang tidak terdiagnosa pneumonia yang disesuaikan dengan umur serta jenis kelaminnya. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner dan pengukuran kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan Mc Nemar dengan tingkat kemaknaan 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara pencahayaan alami ruang tidur (OR = 16, p = 0,00, CI 95% = 2,13–120,47) dan kepadatan hunian (OR = 13, p = 0,002, CI 95 %= 1,69–99,8) terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada bayi dan anak balita. Disarankan kepada orang tua untuk meningkatkan prilaku sehat dengan membiasakan masuknya cahaya matahari pagi dan kesadaran akan tempat tinggal yang sehat. Bagi petugas kesehatan disarankan untuk dilakukan promosi kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan faktor risiko serta cara pencegahan pneumonia.
Literature Review : The Effect Of Diabetes Self Management Education On Self- Efficacy In Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Fahmi Octaviyanti Desak Putu
Published: January 2021

Diabetes Mellitus is a long-term or chronic disease with an increasing prevalence, knowledge about the disease is lacking and people cannot manage the disease. One way to be able to prevent complications from diabetes apart from pharmacological therapy can be by providing education in the form of diabetes self management education. diabetes self management education can be done to increase knowledge and self efficacy in people with diabetes mellitus. From this literature review to identify, examine, and explain information about the effect of diabetes self management education on self efficacy in patients with diabetes mellitus. This literature review uses databases such as Google Scholar, EBSCO, DOAJ, Research Gate and Microsoft Academic with the keywords diabetes self management education, self efficacy, and published diabetes mellitus based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the 4 articles and 7 journals obtained, 8 of them showed the results that diabetes self management education was effective against self efficacy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes self management education can be used as an intervention in terms of education in patients with diabetes mellitus to increase knowledge and self efficacy.
Hubungan Pola Asuh dengan Perkembangan Bahasa pada Anak 1 - 2.5 Tahun di Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan
Authors: Adiputri Ni Wayan Ari
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh dengan perkembangan bahasa pada anak 1-2,5 tahun. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi dengan pendekatan Crossectional. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan. Besar sampel yaitu  40 orang, dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi langsung dengan alat pantau KPSP. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square karena data tidak berdistribusi normal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan bahwa bahwa sebagian besar responden (55 %) memiliki perkembangan bahasa yang tidak sesuai dengan usianya dan sebagian besar responden (52,5 %) diberikan pola asuh demokratis. Berdasarkan hasil uji chi square diperoleh nilai p = 0,005 (p < 0,05 ) yang berarti ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pola asuh dengan perkembangan bahasa.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Akseptor KB Suntik 3 Bulan Terhadap Gangguan Haid
Authors: Devi Ni Wayan Sinta , Adnyani Ni Wayan Sukma
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Akseptor Keluarga Berencana (KB) Suntik 3 Bulan Terhadap Gangguan Siklus Menstruasi di BPM Ni Ketut Nuriasih Tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu accidental sampling. Teknik analisa yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan uji kolerasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian yaitu sebagian besar yaitu 17 responden (56,7%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang, sebagian besar yaitu 19 responden (63,3%) memiliki sikap negatif dan hasil uji statistik didapat nilai korelasi r = 0,725 dan p = 0,000 (≤ 0,05), maka ada hubungan yang signifikan.
Trastornos electrolíticos inducidos por fármacos y sustancias tóxicas
Authors: Chinchilla-Escobar Edna , Héctor Pérez-Madrid  , Jiménez-Ospina Laura , Cabrera-Rojas Diana , Palacín-Bernal Natalia , Sepúlveda-Barbosa Germán , Piedrahita-Pérez Juan D. , Díaz-Vélez Luisa F. , Quintero-Aguirre Juliana , Montoya-Giraldo María A.
Published: January 2021

Las enfermedades pueden generar un desequilibrio de electrolitos como parte de su fisiopatología, al igual que los medicamentos usados crónicamente y algunas sustancias tóxicas disponibles en nuestro medio. A pesar de todos los datos estadísticos existentes, la incidencia global de los trastornos electrolíticos secundarios a fármacos o sustancias tóxicas permanece desconocida, y, posiblemente, subregistrada; por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es analizar los trastornos electrolíticos que causan algunos medicamentos y sustancias tóxicas, y describir el mecanismo a través del cual se producen las alteraciones, en particular, del sodio, potasio, magnesio, calcio y fósforo, con el fin de alertar a los profesionales de la salud en el momento de enfrentarse a este tipo de condiciones en su práctica clínica. El conocimiento de los efectos adversos relacionados con medicamentos y tóxicos es importante para prevenir, identificar y gestionar de forma eficaz, complicaciones que son potencialmente peligrosas. Esta revisión pretende ser un referente de apoyo para los profesionales de la salud en estas situaciones.