bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulação por Deslocamento de Fase Modificada Aplicada a um Conversor de Três Portas em Ponte Completa
Authors: Leone A. S. , Vilela Jr J. A.
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica de Modulação por Deslocamento de Fase Modificada (MDFM) aplicada a um conversor de três portas (CTP). A topologia do CTP é classificada como parcialmente isolada e composta por um inversor em ponte completa unfolding integrado com um conversor CC/CC elevador. A Modulação por Deslocamento de Fase (MDF) controla a corrente na saída CA, enquanto o controle do conversor CC-CC depende da MDF e de uma variável de controle denominada Dfv. A MDFM é caracterizada por ter a saída CA independente de Dfv. Para validar o funcionamento da topologia da ponte completa unfolding com a MDFM foram realizadas simulações e, posteriormente, testes experimentais. Os experimentos foram realizados em um protótipo de 200 W e a técnica de modulação proposta foi capaz de controlar o fluxo de energia entre as três portas do conversor.
El manuscrito hallado y el alejamiento del yo en dos autores contemporáneos: José Jiménez Lozano y Vicente Luis Mora
Authors: Asencio Navarro Raúl Enrique
Published: March 2021

José Jiménez Lozano y Vicente Luis Mora parten de concepciones de la literatura si no opuestas, sí muy dispares, y, sin embargo, han encontrado un punto de conf luencia en el empleo del tópico del manuscrito hallado. Aunque por razones distintas, ambos han encontrado en él una técnica muy rentable para separar el yo biográfico del sujeto narrativo. En el presente trabajo, trataré de esbozar las poéticas de ambos autores, es decir, dilucidar sus puntos de partida, para luego analizar de qué manera se apropia cada uno de dicho tópico. Dada la extensión de este trabajo, tan solo repasaré dos obras de José Jiménez Lozano –Sara de Ur (1989) y Libro de visitantes (2007)– y la novela de Vicente Luis Mora Alba Cromm (2010).
Ethics and Good Living
Authors: Bruton Sam
Published: March 2021

Open textbook for PHI 171: Ethics and Good Living at The University of Southern Mississippi
The Language of Music, Music Theory for Non-Majors
Authors: Beard Danny
Published: March 2021

The Language of Music, Music Theory for Non-Majors, is a textbook written to share the fundamentals of music notation with students outside of schools of music. Topics covered include rhythmic notation, meter and time signatures, pitch notation, scales, key signatures, intervals, triads and Roman numeral and lead sheet notation.
The Contribution of Family Edification, Mutualism, and Kinships Against The Tolerance Values in Tana Toraja
Authors: Pajarianto Hadi , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is a multicultural country. It consists of many different races, religion, and ethnicities.  That is why the tolerance attitude is important to minimize the intolerance cases which seem to raise lately. Tolerance is an attitude to let anyone to be different and to appreciate the diversity as recognition of human right. Teachers play a strategic role in implementing values of tolerance, by placing diversity within the frame of brotherhood and humanity based. This study uses an ex-post-facto approach. The research instruments used are questionnaires that meet the validity and reliability. It is analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. The finding of this study shows that family edification, mutualism, and kinship have strong correlation with the tolerance attitude of the early childhood teachers in Tana Toraja. Kinship gives the highest contribution to the tolerance attitude of the early childhood teachers in Tana Toraja.  It is in line with the characteristic of Toraja’s community who appreciate kinship above all the existing diversities, including the diversity in religion and belief. The kinship in Toraja’s community is bound by Tongkonan which philosophically has a strong sense of brotherhood among extended families (clans), and keeps all the existing diversities aside
Tek ve Çift Taraflı Dudak ve Damak Yarıklı Hastalarda Maksiller Genişletme ve İlerletme Uygulamasının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ZAİDAN Luay Ali , AKSOY Alev
Published: March 2021

Dudak ve damak yarıkları; genetik ve çevresel nedenlerden dolayı ortaya çıkan en yaygın kraniyofasiyal anomalilerdir. Dudak ve damak yarıklı bireylerde solunum, işitme ve konuşma gibi fonksiyonel ve psikososyal sorunlar meydana gelmekte ve bu nedenle de bu bireyler multidisipliner tedavilere gereksinim duymaktadır. Dudak ve damak yarıklarının onarımı sonrası iyi bir fonksiyon, estetik ve yumuşak doku rekonstrüksiyonu elde etmek için erken yaşta alveolar yarıkların onarılması gerekmektedir. Alveolar kemik grefti uygulanan cerrahi işlemler, kemik formasyonunu oluşturur; oronasal fistülü ortadan kaldırır, ortodontik problemin nüksetmesini önler ve protetik tedavileri kolaylaştırır. Bu cerrahi işlemler, avantajlarına rağmen dudak damak yarıklı bireylerde skar oluşumuna sebep olur. Bu skar dokusu maksillanın sagital, vertikal ve transversal gelişimini ve pozisyonunu olumsuz yönde etkiler. Dolayısıyla maksiller diş kavsi daralır ve bu durum posterior çapraz kapanışa neden olur. Maksillanın genişletilmesi (maksiller genişletme apareyleri ile) ve ilerletilmesi (yüz maskesi ile) oluşan pozisyonel ve gelişimsel yetersizliklerin giderilmesinde kullanılır. Bu derlemenin amacı; tek veya çift taraflı dudak ve damak yarıklı bireylerin genişletme ve ilerletme uygulamaları sonucunda fasiyal morfolojilerinde meydana gelen iskeletsel, dentoalveolar ve yumuşak doku değişikliklerinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Apresentação
Authors: Editorial Comitê
Published: March 2021

Os Cadernos Cemarx têm o objetivo de divulgar os resultados preliminares de trabalhos e pesquisas em andamento, que se proponham a contribuir para a construção de uma base teórica e política crítica à socieda-de capitalista.
Kardiyoloji Polikliniğine Başvuran Hastalarda Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TERZİ Özlem , TOPÇU YENERÇAĞ Feyza Nur , ÖZDEMİR Şule , YENERÇAĞ Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada üçüncü basamak bir hastanenin kardiyoloji polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda, sosyo-demografik ve hastalığa ilişkin özellikler ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarına etki eden faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan bu araştırma Samsun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kardiyoloji Polikliniğine başvuran 141 gönüllü hasta ile yapıldı. Hastalara araştırmacılar tarafından düzenlenen anket formu ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği II (SYBDÖ-II) uygulandı. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesinde parametrik ve nonparametrik testler kullanıldı. Tüm testler için istatistik anlamlılık düzeyi p
Effectiveness of Combined Intraurethral Lidocaine with Sedoanalgesia in Optical Internal Urethrotomy
Authors: YÜCETÜRK Cem Nedim , ÇAKAN Türkay
Published: March 2021

Aim: In this study, our aim was to compare the effectiveness of combined intraurethral lidocaine and intravenous sedoanalgesia with intraurethral lidocaine alone in patients with undergoing optical internal urethrotomy(OIU) for primary anterior urethral strictures.

Materials and methods: A total of 76 patients who underwent OIU with anterior urethral stricture 2-3 cm long were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups. There were 36 patients in group 1 received only intraurethral lidocaine gel (12.5 g,% 2 ) and there were 40 patients in group 2 operated under intraurethral lidocaine gel anesthesia with intravenous sedoanalgesia (1 mg/kg Propofol and 1µg/kg Fentanyl). Anatomic location, length and etiology of the urethral stricture, procedure time, patients’ follow-up and postoperative VAS scores were compared in two groups.

Results: There was no significant differences between the two groups in the length of the urethral stricture,age and in the follow-up time. Most of the patients in two groups had iatrogenic as the cause of urethral stricture and the stricture was most commonly located in the bulbar urethra. The mean procedure time and VAS score in group 1 were significantly higher than group 2 (p
Specifics of Cuban-Venezuelan Alliance
Authors: Dabagyan E.
Published: March 2021

The author studies the stages of development of the relationships between Cuba and Venezuela during the second half of XX century – from mutual sympathy to hostility. The article shows gives characteristics of the two countries union that had been actually established after Hugo Chavez victory at the elections of 1998. While estimating the prospects of Cuban-Venezuelan alliance the author emphasizes the role of subjective and objective factors that will determine the result.
CARTmath - A Mathematical Model of CAR-T Immunotherapy in Preclinical Models
Authors: Barros Luciana Rodrigues Carvalho , Paixão Emanuelle Arantes , Valli Andrea Maria Pedrosa , Naozuka Gustavo Taiji , Fassoni Arthur César , Almeida Regina Célia Cerqueira
Published: March 2021

Immunotherapy has gained great momentum with chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, in which patient’s T lymphocytes are genetically manipulated to recognize tumor-specific antigens increasing tumor elimination efficiency. In the last years, CAR-T cell immunotherapy for hematological malignancies achieved a great response rate on patients and is a very promising therapy for several other malignancies. Each new CAR design requires a preclinical proof-of-concept experiment using immunodeficient mouse models. The absence of a functional immune system in these mice makes them simple and suitable to be mathematically modeled. In this work, we developed a three population mathematical model to describe tumor response to CAR-T cell immunotherapy in immunodeficient mouse models, encompassing interactions between a non-solid tumor and CAR-T cells (effector and long-term memory). We account for several phenomena, such as tumor-induced immunosuppression, memory pool formation, and conversion of memory into effector CAR-T cells in the presence of new tumor cells. Individual donor and tumor specificities were considered as uncertainties in the model parameters. Our model is able to reproduce several CAR-T cell immunotherapy scenarios, with different CAR receptors and tumor targets reported in the literature. We found that therapy effectiveness mostly depends on some specific parameters such as the differentiation of effector to memory CAR-T cells, CAR-T cytotoxic capacity, tumor growth rate, and tumor-induced immunosuppression. In summary, our model can contribute to reduce and optimize the number of in vivo experiments with in silico tests to select specific scenarios that could be tested in experimental research. Such in silico laboratory was made available in a Shiny R-based platform called CARTmath. It is an open-source, easy to run simulator, available at github.com/tmglncc/CARTmath or directly on the webpage cartmath.lncc.br, containing this manuscript results as examples and documentation. The developed model, together with the CARTmath platform, provides potential use for assessing different CAR-T cell immunotherapy protocols and associated efficacy, becoming an accessory towards in silico trials.
Empirical Application of Generalized Rayleigh Distribution for Mineral Resource Estimation of Seabed Polymetallic Nodules
Authors: Yu Gordon , Parianos John Michael
Published: March 2021

An effective empirical statistical method is developed to improve the process of mineral resource estimation of seabed polymetallic nodules and is applied to analyse the abundance of seabed polymetallic nodules in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ). The newly proposed method is based on three hypotheses as the foundation for a model of “Idealized Nodules”, which was validated by analysing nodule samples collected from the seabed within the Tonga Offshore Mining Limited (TOML) exploration contract. Once validated, the “Idealized Nodule” model was used to deduce a set of empirical formulae for predicting the nodule resources, in terms of Percentage Coverage and Abundance. The formulae were then applied to analysing a total of 188 sets of nodule samples collected across the TOML areas, comprising box-core samples and towed camera images collected by one of the authors and detailed in [4]. The analysis also relies upon detailed box-core sample measurements from other areas reported by [7]. Numerical results for resource prediction were compared with field measurements, and reasonable agreement has been achieved. The new method has the potential to achieve more accurate mineral resource estimation with reduced sample numbers and sizes. They may also have application in improving the efficiency of design and configuration of mining equipment.
Vietnamese People’s Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Survey
Authors: Hoang Tuyen Dinh , Colebunders Robert , Fodjo Joseph Nelson Siewe , Nguyen Nhan Phuc Thanh , Tran Trung Dinh , Vo Thang Van
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures implemented may considerably affect people’s lives. This study aimed to assess the well-being of Vietnamese people after COVID-19 lockdown measures were lifted and life gradually returned to normal. An online survey was organized from 21st to 25th April 2020 among Vietnamese residents aged 18 and over. Besides collecting socio-demographic and COVID-19-related data, the WHO-5 Well-Being Index (scored 0–25) was used to score participants’ well-being. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of well-being. A total of 1922 responses were analyzed (mean age: 31 years; 30.5% male). Mean well-being score was 17.35±4.97. Determinants of high well-being score (≥13) included older age, eating healthy food, practising physical exercise, working from home, and adhering to the COVID-19 preventive measures. Female participants, persons worried about their relatives’ health, and smokers were more likely to have a low well-being score. In conclusion, after the lockdown measures were lifted, the Vietnamese people continued to follow COVID-19 preventive measures and most of them scored high on the well-being scale. Waiting to achieve large scale COVID-19 vaccine coverage, promoting preventive COVID-19 measures remains important, together with strategies to guarantee the well-being of the Vietnamese people.
Girişimcilik Fırsatlarını Tanımanın Öncülleri Olarak Risk Alma ve Ön Bilgi: Girişimci Adayları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ONAN Gaye , GÜĞERÇİN Utku
Published: March 2021

Fırsat tanıma kavramı günümüzde, girişimcilik faaliyetleri için temel bir yapıtaşı olarak ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla girişimcilik fırsatlarının nasıl tanındığını ve bireysel farklılıkların bu fırsatların tanınmasında nasıl bir rol oynadığını anlamak önem kazanmaktadır. Ancak alanyazında girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanımanın öncüllerine ilişkin bir görüş birliği olmadığı, ulusal yazında ise girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanımanın sınırlı sayıda çalışmada ele alındığı görülmüştür. Bu noktalardan hareketle çalışmanın amacı, Bilişsel teoriden ve Avusturya iktisat teorisinden yola çıkarak, girişimci adaylarının ön bilgilerinin ve risk alma eğilimlerinin, girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanıma düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanıma düzeyinin eğitim durumuna göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği de incelenmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler, KOSGEB'in Adana ve Mersin illerindeki girişimcilik eğitimlerine katılan girişimci adaylarından anket yoluyla temin edilmiştir. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda, girişimcilerin ön bilgileri ve risk alma eğilimlerinin, girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanıma üzerinde pozitif yönde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanıma düzeyinin eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği bulgulanmıştır.
Sosyal Harcamaların Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkileri: Türkiye Düzey 1 Bölgeleri için Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: BAŞOĞLU Aykut
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, kamu sosyal harcamalarının ve sosyal harcama bileşenleri olan sağlık, eğitim ve sosyal koruma harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Türkiye İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırmasına göre Düzey 1 bölgelerini ve 2004-2018 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada iki ayrı model tahmin edilmiş olup, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin analizinde Panel ARDL Havuzlanmış Ortalama Grup (PMG) tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları toplam sosyal harcamalar ve sosyal harcama bileşenlerinden eğitim ve sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif; sosyal koruma harcamalarının ise negatif etkilediğini göstermektedir. Buna göre, kamu sosyal harcamalarının kompozisyonunun eğitim ve sağlık harcamaları lehine ve sosyal koruma harcamaları aleyhine değiştirilmesi ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlayacaktır.
OECD Ülkelerinde Vergi Takozu ve İşsizlik İlişkisi
Authors: AKALİN Güray
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, 36 OECD ülkesinde vergi takozunun toplam, kadın ve erkek işsizlik oranları üzerindeki etkisini 2000-2019 dönemi için Sistem GMM yöntemi ile araştırmaktır. Çalışmada bağımsız değişken olarak vergi takozunun yanı sıra iktisadi büyüme enflasyon ve ticari açıklık da kullanılmıştır. Sistem GMM yöntemi ile elde edilen bulgular şöyle sıralanabilir: i) Vergi takozundaki bir artış toplam, erkek ve kadın işsizlik oranlarını artırmaktadır. ii) Ekonomik büyüme, enflasyon ve ticari açıklıktaki bir artış, toplam, erkek ve kadın işsizlik oranlarını azaltmaktadır. iii) Vergi takozunun işsizliği arttırıcı etkisi kadınlara kıyasla erkeklerde daha fazladır.
An Evaluation of Turkey's Natural Gas Hub Development Process
Authors: İCİK Yunus Emre , ATAK Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Since Turkey is a natural bridge located between the gas reserves and consumption regions, it has a big potential to create a successful natural gas hub. Although initial steps have been taken to path the way to facilitate the gas trade and create a gas hub in Turkey, there is still a long way. In this study, we derived requirements from the literature to create a working gas hub, analyzed the Turkish natural gas market’s current structure in light of the derived requirements by benchmarking with developed European gas hubs, and made several policy suggestions to form a new market structure for the sake of creation of a successful gas hub. The most important result that we have obtained via this study is that Turkey is on a critical path before the expiration of long-term supply contracts and should draw a strategic path as soon as possible.
Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Seçilmiş Bankaların Karlılığı Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: KAKİLLİ ACARAVCI Songül , ŞENTÜRK Yavuz
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada doğrudan yabancı yatırımların, Türk bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren seçilmiş bankaların karlılığına etkisinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. 2005-2019 yılları arası faaliyet gösteren, farklı sermaye sahipliği olan 3 bankanın verileri incelenmiştir. Banka karlılığını belirleyen ölçüt olarak net faiz marjı, aktif karlılığı ve özsermaye karlılığı çalışmanın bağımlı değişkenlerini oluşturmuştur. Toplam doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar değişkeninin yanı sıra banka karlılığını etkileyen bankaya özgü ve makroekonomik faktörler de analize dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada, zaman serileri analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların bankaların aktif karlılığına ve özsermaye karlılığına pozitif yönde etkisi, net faiz marjına ise olumsuz yönde etkisi görülmüştür.
Experimental study of chlorite authigenesis and influence on porosity maintenance in sandstones
Authors: Charlaftis Dimitrios , Jones Stuart J. , Dobson Katherine J. , Crouch Jonathan , Acikalin Sanem
Published: March 2021

Chlorite is recognized as a key mineral for preserving reservoir quality in deeply buried sandstones, as chlorite coatings inhibit the nucleation of quartz overgrowths. A limited understanding of the mechanisms and conditions under which these authigenic chlorite coatings form prevents the accurate forward modeling of diagenesis and limits reservoir quality models critical to a wide range of geoscience applications. We present experimental data that show how authigenic chlorite grain coatings preserve porosity in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs, using a series of hydrothermal reactor experiments to simulate quartz cementation and capture the evolving porosity. To simulate reservoir evolution, berthierine-bearing sandstone samples (Lower Jurassic Cook Formation, Oseberg Field, 30/6-17R, Norway) were exposed to a silica-supersaturated Na2CO3 (0.1 M) solution for 72 hours at temperatures of between 100 and 250 °C. Quantification of the temperature-dependent changes in the volume of authigenic chlorite, the thickness and coverage of the clay coatings, and the sample porosity shows increases in chlorite volume (from ∼ 2% to ∼ 14%). This occurs by the transformation, of patchy amorphous berthierine into grain-coating Fe-chlorite cements through a mixture of the solid-state transformation and dissolution–precipitation mechanisms, siderite replacement, and direct precipitation on clay-free surfaces. With increasing temperature, the chlorite coatings increase from ∼ 3.8 μm to ∼ 5.4 μm thick and expand their grain surface coverage from ∼ 28% to ∼ 50%. The face-to-edge and face-to-face foliaceous structure of the clay coatings produced are morphologically similar to those observed in deeply buried sandstones. Only above temperatures of 175 °C is porosity preserved as a consequence of inhibition of quartz overgrowths and the generation of secondary porosity.

Our quantitative approach enhances our knowledge regarding the temperature and mineral precursor influence on chlorite-coating authigenesis and therefore provides key insight for chlorite grain coatings for reservoir potential in sedimentary sequences greater than 2.5 km.
Immiscible metallic melts in the upper mantle beneath Mount Carmel, Israel: Silicides, phosphides, and carbides
Authors: Griffin William L. , Gain Sarah E.M. , Saunders Martin J. , Huang Jin-Xiang , Alard Olivier , Toledo Vered , O'Reilly Suzanne Y.
Published: March 2021

Xenolithic corundum aggregates in Cretaceous mafic pyroclastics from Mount Carmel contain pockets of silicate melts with mineral assemblages [SiC (moissanite), TiC, Ti2O3 (tistarite), Fe-Ti-Zr silicides/phosphides] indicative of magmatic temperatures and oxygen fugacity (fO2) at least 6 log units below the iron-wüstite buffer (ΔIW ≤ –6). Microstructural evidence indicates that immiscible, carbon-rich metallic (Fe-Ti-Zr-Si-P) melts separated during the crystallization of the silicate melts. The further evolution of these metallic melts was driven by the crystallization of two main ternary phases (FeTiSi and FeTiSi2) and several near-binary phases, as well as the separation of more evolved immiscible melts.

Reconstructed melt compositions fall close to cotectic curves in the Fe-Ti-Si system, consistent with trapping as metallic liquids. Temperatures estimated from comparisons with experimental work range from ≥1500 °C to ca. 1150 °C; these probably are maximum values due to the solution of C, H, P, and Zr. With decreasing temperature (T), the Si, Fe, and P contents of the Fe-Ti-Si melts increased, while contents of Ti and C decreased. The increase in Si with declining T implies a corresponding decrease in fO2, probably to ca. ΔIW-9. The solubility of P in the metallic melts declined with T and fO2, leading to immiscibility between Fe-Ti-Si melts and (Ti,Zr)-(P,Si) melts. Decreasing T and fO2 also reduced the solubility of C in the liquid metal, driving the continuous crystallization of TiC and SiC during cooling. The lower-T metallic melts are richer in Cr, and to some extent V, as predicted by experimental studies showing that Cr and V become more siderophile with decreasing fO2.

These observations emphasize the importance of melt-melt immiscibility for the evolution of magmas under reducing conditions. The low fO2 and the abundance of carbon in the Mt. Carmel system are consistent with a model in which differentiating melts were fluxed by fluids that were dominated by CH4+H2, probably derived from a metal-saturated sublithospheric mantle. A compilation of other occur-rences suggests that these phenomena may commonly accompany several types of explosive volcanism.
Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng (Gac fruit): An abundant source of nutrient, phytochemicals and its pharmacological activities
Authors: Thavamany Priscilla Jayanthi , Chew Hong Lim , S. Sreeramanan , Chew Bee Lynn , Ong Ming-Thong
Published: March 2021

Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) is an exploitable perennial dioecious fruit found commonly in Southeast Asian countries (SA). Gac fruit has been traditionally used in folk medicine due to its high medicinal and nutritive value. Generally, the aril of the fruit is used as a red colourant for cuisines and supplement for healthier vision. Gac fruit is highly rich in lycopene and β- carotene, fatty acids, vitamin E, polyphenols like phenolic acids, flavonoids and trypsin inhibitors. These compounds are linked with many important bioactivities such as provitamin A, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and anticancer activities. This paper reviews the findings on nutritional properties, phytochemical composition and the biological activities of Gac fruit. The review has also briefly discussed the suitable conditions for the storage and utilisation of the fruit in food, beverage, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries
Mating designs commonly used in plant breeding: A review
Authors: Muthoni Jane , Shimelis Hussein
Published: March 2021

Mating design represents "rules" for arranging different controlled crossings; a mating design is a procedure of producing progenies. This review describes mating designs commonly used in plant breeding. Biparental is the simplest design in which a number of P plants are paired off to give ½P families; the parents are mated only once in pairs. The design is simple and it provides information needed to determine if significant genetic variation is present in a population for a long term selection program. A polycross is a mating arrangement for interpollinating a group of cultivars or clones using natural hybridization in an isolated crossing block. The design is often used for generating synthetic cultivars. The North Carolina (NC) mating designs permit determination and/or estimation of variance components (additive and dominance components) by using the information from half-sib (HS) families. The experimental material of North Carolina designs I, II and III is developed from F2 generation as a base material. The design III (NCIII) involves backcrossing the F2 plants to the two parental inbred lines from which the F2 were derived. The NCIII design was extended to include a third tester. This third tester is the F1 from the two parental inbred lines; in this extended form, this design is known as the triple test cross (TTC). Line x Tester mating design uses inbred lines as the base population. The design is useful in deciding the relative ability of a number of female and male inbreds to produce desirable hybrid combinations. When the same parents are used as females and males in breeding, the mating design is called diallel. Parents used range from inbred lines to broad genetic base varieties to clones. The design is the most commonly used in crop plants to estimate GCA and SCA and variances.
Generally, it should be noted that is not the mating design per se, but the breeder who breeds a new cultivar. Consequently, proper choice and use of a mating design will provide the most valuable information for breeding
The effect of patronage buying motives on small business profitability: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Totanan Chalarce , Gihna Mayapada Arung , Yusnita Yamin Nina , Made Suwitri Parwati Ni , Indriasari Rahayu
Published: March 2021

This study aims to find and analyze the profitability level of Fried Onion Small Business in Palu City, influenced by Patronage Buying Motives (PBM), which consist of company reputation, location of sales, selling price and guarantee to profitability. The population of this study was 52. Population was chosen based on small business that still survives in fried onion business as a local business. The sample taken by purposive sampling was 35. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to the managers of fried onion small businesses. The analytical tool used is multiple linear analysis. The results shows that F test of PBM had a significant influence on profitability at 0,822 or 82.2%. This means a very strong influence of the value of PBM. T-test shows that corporate reputation is of significant value of 0,286, location of sales – 0,426, and selling price has a significant value of the 0.235 influence on profitability, except guarantees that do not affect profitability because the value of 0.151 is less than the t table value of 2.0395. The impact of this study implies that small food businesses do not really need a guarantee like electronic products, because reputation and quality have become their guarantee.
Pragmatic model for sustainable energy policy: Networking between the government and key players in Bahrain
Authors: Fathy El Dessouky Naglaa
Published: March 2021

To fill the current literature gap, this paper strives to empirically determine the networking process between the government of Bahrain and the key players in the formulation and implementation of sustainable energy policy. The literature review divulges that policy network approach represents a useful tool for the analysis of public policy, since this approach permits a thorough explanation of the interaction between the network’s members. A questionnaire was distributed to key decision-makers involved in the elaboration of sustainable energy policy in Bahrain. The results of this paper revealed that the government of Bahrain has adopted successful policies of sustainable energy in reaching the intended results. Nevertheless, the current structure of networking might be described as a “Clientelist Network”. This paper proposed a pragmatic model for sustainable energy policy to reinforce the networking process between the government and the key players into a rational approach of “Pluralistic networks”. In this network, formal associations have to be established to embrace the industry, energy and environmental sectors. Accordingly, this type of networking will ensure direct and strong frequent ties. Also, this pluralistic network will provide further comparative advantages in terms of the power of control over resources and the flow of information among all key actors.
Determination of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus in meat products by Real-Time PCR and testing their antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: IRKIN REYHAN , BOZKURT BERKAY , TUMEN GULENDAM
Published: March 2021

From a public health point of view meat products contain high pathogenic risk factors. This is because they can be contaminated with Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms, and, more importantly, antibiotic resistance has been reported in these microorganisms at an increasing frequency. To examine the presence of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in samples of raw and semi-cooked (chicken doner, meat doner, chicken, beef, and lamb products) meat from markets of Izmir and Balikesir, Turkey were analysed. The presence of microorganisms in the samples was determined by Real-Time PCR method using Salmonella spp. and S. aureus specific primers. Following Real-Time PCR, microorganisms were isolated by selective culture methods and biochemical tests from the positive meat samples and tested for their antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method. The antibiotic disc diffusion method showed that S. aureus was resistant to penicillin G, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin, whereas Salmonella spp. was resistant to penicillin G, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and ampicillin. As these products are consumed frequently, their contamination with S. aureus (≥ 5 × 103 cfu/g) and Salmonella spp. can be a risk factor for food poisoning. The contamination of meat products’ with S. aureus and Salmonella spp. can be a risk factor for public health and the antibiotics to be preferred in illness treatment are of critical importance.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine versus Conventional Medicine Use in Thalassemia Patients
Authors: Ismail Wan Ismahanisa , Ahmad Hassali Mohamed  Azmi , Farooqui Maryam , Roslan Muhammad Nabil Fikri , Che Dom Nazri
Published: March 2021

Background: This study explores thalassemia patients' perceptions concerning the effectiveness of conventional therapies for Thalassemia healthcare. Method: The semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English. Results: Nearly all thalassemia patients reported to have relied on conventional treatment methods to treat and reduce the severity of their disease. Few patients reported not to comply with their treatment procedures due to fear of infection through blood transfusion, surgery and organ failure. Conclusions: In conclusion, patients showed positive views about the conventional therapies carried out for Thalassemia.
Keywords:: Thalassemia; qualitative; conventional; complementary and alternative medicine
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2665
Knowledge, Attitude and Health Belief (KAHB) on Cancer and Its Treatment: Qualitative exploration of cancer patients in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Othman Che Noriah , Syed Sulaiman Syed Azhar , Farooqui Maryam , Ismail Wan Ismahaniza
Published: March 2021

KAHB toward cancer and its treatment determines the patients' clinical outcome. This study explored KAHB among cancer patients in Penang, Malaysia. Sixteen cancer patients were interviewed upon saturation. This study recorded the information, transcribed, translated and validated before coded and categorized into themes. The study showed that perceived knowledge of cancer and its treatment was moderate. Their attitude toward cancer and its treatment was positive; however, revealed various health belief which influences their cues to action. Most patients seek traditional treatment besides modern medicine as they felt better. This information can support health caregivers for better patient's management.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.269
Determinant Factors of Sensory in Creating Autism Learning Environment
Authors: Ghazali Roslinda , Md Sakip Siti Rasidah , Samsuddin Ismail , Samra Heba
Published: March 2021

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulty sitting still, focusing, and attending the task. Creating a sensory environment would promote a conducive environment for them. Sensory sensitivity, sensory stimulation, sensory design, and physical learning environment are the key concepts contributing to the autism environment. The study goal is to explore the design criteria for creating a conducive environment for autism.  This article is to examine the reliability and validity of the four main constructs.  This is important to ensure the quality of achieving the data. The study's significance is to provide a guideline during the design stage and improve the autism learning environment.
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Principal Component Analysis, Autism Environment.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2696
The Acceptance of E-Learning Among Distance Learners: A case study on public universities in South Malaysia
Authors: Abd Aziz Nurul Aien , Musa Mohd Hafizan , Mohamad Khalid Rusnani , Abd Aziz Noreen Noor , Abdul Malik Shaherah
Published: March 2021

Today’s conventional teaching and learning methods have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Online forms are replacing traditional education approaches. Along with the era of advanced technology, many universities are taking this opportunity to develop e-learning platforms to be used by both students and educators. This paper analyses the relationships between student behaviour, technological systems, interactive applications, institutional factors, and instructor characteristics to accept electronic learning among distance learners. A total of 479 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The result indicates that student behaviour, interactive applications, and instructor characteristics are the determinants of electronic learning.
Keywords: Acceptance, online learning, Behavior, Distance learners
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2701
Age and Gender Differences in Experience with and Connectedness to Nature Among Children
Authors: Mustapa Nor Diyana , Hassan Khalilah , Che Mohd Nasir Siti Nuratirah , Arminda Wenny
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify the age and gender differences in children's experiences with nature and their connectedness to nature (CTN). This study employed a quantitative approach and involved 760 children aged 10-11 years old, including urban and rural children in Kedah and Pulau Pinang. Questionnaires were distributed to children at schools. Findings suggest that age and gender do influence the frequency of children having experiences with nature as well as their CTN. The directions for future research are also discussed.
Keywords: experiences with nature; connectedness to nature; age; gender
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2707
Teaching Architecture for Tertiary Students during Covid-19: Issues and Reflections
Authors: Zulkeply Nurhayati , Mat So’od Noor Fatehah , Mat Rabu Zurinda , Sidik Seri Intan
Published: March 2021

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been a great concern on educational systems around the world. In coping with the hasty situation and having no other option, the Architecture School of UCSI university has swiftly changed their traditional to virtual teaching/learning method in adapting to the new educational environment. This article explores the major concern and alternative teaching methods and learning activities through online platforms in design courses. The outcomes showed positive and negative feedback by conducting a questionnaire survey among the undergraduate & postgraduate architecture programs throughout the School of Architecture & Built Environment, UCSI University.
Keywords: Architecture, Virtual Learning, Covid-19, Design Course
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2722
Exploring learners’ Acceptance and Attitude towards Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL)
Authors: Tengku Paris Tengku Nazatul Shima , Abdul Manap Nurma , Abas Hafiza , Ling Lo Mun
Published: March 2021

Two main reasons contributing to the lack of mastery in English grammar by students are their apprehension towards the subject and their difficulty understanding tenses. To alleviate the fear and trigger learners' interest in learning grammar, an interactive digital board game was designed via MALL targeted at TESL students. This paper aims to explore these students' perceptions of the game. The game uses the Theory of Variation as a theoretical basis that acknowledges that discernment is a function of variation.  A questionnaire and interviews were administered to the students. The findings show that the game helps enhance grammar learning.  
Keywords: Digital board game, Grammar, Mobile Assisted Language Learning, Variation theory
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2734
Intepretative Peculialitiers of the Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles by Bede the Venerable
Authors:   Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Sztuk Dariusz
Published: March 2021

In the Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, Bede the Venerable goes beyond the literary level of the biblical text. Wishing to elucidate its message to the readers, he explains historical problems, deals with dating or refers to geographic and topographic data which provide the background to biblical events, so that the meaning of the inspired books could be best understood by his contemporaries. In this sense, the methodology used by Bede can be even more justifiably defined as eclectic and pastoral. Due to this approach, the Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles discussed in this article bears the hallmarks of originality as regards theological, philological as well as geographical aspects of the work.
Linguistic Aspects of [Ninna-Nanna di Madonna] Part of the Calabrian Dialect Poem la Notte di Natale by Fr. Vincenzo Padula (1819-1893)
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła filologiczna we Wrocławiu, Katolo Artur
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is to present a language analysis of one of the most beautiful dialectal poem of Fr. V. Padula. The dialect used by Fr. V. Padula is to be called the Acrian dialect (spoken in the city of Acri, Cosenza Province), which belongs to the group of northern Calabrian dialects. The lullaby [Ninna-nanna di Madonna], sung by Holy Mary, is the second part of the poem La Notte di Natale. No one ever was capable as Fr. V. Padula, to carry the Acrian dialect a such high summits of lyricism and piety. The Acrian dialect served him to know and testify the Calabrian society and culture. [Ninna-nanna di Madonna] includes in itself some biblical references to the main truths of the faith of Christianity.
Principles, Rules, Difficulties and Dilemmas of Interpersonal Communication in the Social Work
Authors:   Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Podkowińska Monika , Balogová Beáta ,   Prešovská Univerzita v Prešove
Published: March 2021

The article presents the selected principles of interpersonal communication in social work, paying attention to communication rules referring to active listening, choosing the right questions, or adapting the language to the interlocutor. The authors devoted a special place to communication awareness and the look at interpersonal communication as a meeting with an individual, a unique an exceptional person. In addition to the selected communication principles, the authors has also presented the selected dilemmas and communication difficulties that determine the quality of the conversation, its course and effects.
Social Responsibility of Museum Education. Research Directions
Authors:   The Royal Łazienki Museum Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Otmianowska Marianna
Published: March 2021

The noticeable changes which take place in museums, regardless of the character of the collected and displayed artefacts, allow to draw attention to a definite turn towards the audience. The inclusiveness of educational activities, which results from the transition from passive to active cooperation methods, causes an increasingly common educational turn within the field of museum studies. The article is an attempt to present the research perspective undertaken by the author. This kind of approach is meant to examine the use of museums in order to change the society. The definition of social responsibility ought to be considered on different points of view while acknowledging documents of museum strategies.
Salesian Work with Socially-Maladjusted Youth Perceived from the Viewpoint of Paradigmatic Foundations of Contemporary Social Rehabilitation
Authors:   Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, Stańkowski Bogdan Wiesław , Pindel Edyta ,   Pedagogical University of Krakow
Published: March 2021

In this article, the authors tackle the issue of Salesian social rehabilitation perceived from the point of view of the paradigmatic foundations of contemporary social rehabilitation. The scientific goal of this article is to look at the Salesian preventive system through the prism of the paradigmatic foundations in modern social rehabilitation. The article is based on the analysis of available literature on the subject. The analyzes undertaken allow to state that the Salesian preventive system fits into the paradigms of social rehabilitation in the Polish context. Therefore, the presented analyzes prove that this system correlates with paradigms functioning in contemporary social rehabilitation practiced in relation to socially maladjusted youth.