bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What supports mothers of very preterm babies to start and continue breast milk feeding neonatal units? A qualitative COM-B analysis of mothers’ experiences
Authors: McLeish Jenny , Aloysius Annie , Gale Chris , Quigley Maria A. , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Alderdice Fiona
Published: November 2024

Background

It is challenging for mothers who give birth very preterm to produce sufficient breast milk by expressing for weeks before their baby is able to feed from the breast, and then to transition from tube feeding to breastfeeding. Lactation is most successful when stimulated shortly after birth, established within 72 h, and maintained by expressing 6–8 times a day. This study explored mothers’ experiences of how breast milk feeding and breastfeeding for very preterm babies can be supported by staff and the facilities of a neonatal unit.

Methods

Twenty-three mothers of very preterm babies were interviewed, from four neonatal units in England with high or low rates of breast milk feeding at discharge. Interviews were analysed using the COM-B framework to consider how mothers’ behaviour (breast milk feeding and breastfeeding) is affected by capability, opportunity and motivation.

Results

Mothers’ motivation in the traumatic situation of very preterm birth was strongly affected by information from staff about the benefits of breast milk for their baby, the importance of early and frequent expressing, and how to assess the effectiveness of direct breastfeeding. It was maintained through positive feedback about their efforts which built their confidence, and reassurance about what is ‘normal’ growth when a baby begins direct breastfeeding. Motivation needed to be supported by opportunity, including access to equipment for expressing and facilities to stay near the neonatal unit, and also by capability, which required proactive and skilled information and support from staff. Specialist support and facilities varied between units, and some mothers were not given necessary information or had their motivation undermined by staff comments.

Conclusions

Interventions to increase breast milk feeding and breastfeeding for very preterm babies should address mothers’ motivation, capability and opportunity, aiming for systematic elimination of obstacles. Mothers value personalised and skilled specialist support, but also need other staff to be able to give consistent information and affirmation focused on their efforts rather than their success, with a trauma-informed approach. Investing in rooming-in facilities that minimise the separation of mothers and babies is likely to overcome a key obstacle.
Professionals’ ideas and observations on preschoolers’ experiences with physical symptoms: a qualitative interview study
Authors: van der Ziel Sterre , Gol Janna M. , Schoemaker Daniël , Rosmalen Judith G. M. , van Vliet Michel J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Preschoolers experience physical symptoms, like abdominal pain or minor injuries, almost every day. These experiences may shape how they deal with health issues later in life. To gain insight into these early life experiences, information from multiple perspectives is useful. This qualitative study aimed to explore important themes in preschoolers’ experience of physical symptoms, using adult professionals from various backgrounds as informants.

Methods

20 semi-structured interviews were performed with professionals from different fields in healthcare and education, to learn about their ideas and observations on preschoolers’ experiences with physical symptoms. The interviews were verbatim transcribed and coded in Atlas.ti by two independent coders, after which thematic content analysis was applied to define themes.

Results

Three themes emerged from the interviews: unawareness, seeking attention, and parental influence. Unawareness refers to the professionals’ idea that preschoolers have limited cognitions about causes and consequences of physical symptoms. Seeking attention was described as important for preschoolers with symptoms, both as comfort and in a social context. Professionals described diminished attention-seeking behavior in preschoolers with more severe symptoms. Parental influence was seen as highly relevant in preschoolers’ experiences with physical symptoms, with both supportive and disruptive aspects. Healthcare professionals differed from educational professionals in their observations and ideas, especially about underlying mechanisms influencing symptoms.

Conclusions

Professionals report attention-seeking and parental influence as important factors in preschoolers with physical symptoms, and they report limited cognitions about causality. Professionals in healthcare and education show different perceptions, suggesting the importance of incorporating both views into research.
Population-pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. administration in patients with advanced-stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a dosage prediction
Authors: Saeheng Teerachat , Karbwang Juntra , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: November 2024

Background

A recent phase 2A clinical study of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) in patients with advanced-stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) demonstrated significant reduction of the risk of tumor progression and mortality with a dose ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 mg. The present study aimed to determine the potential dosage regimen of AL for further phase 2B clinical study.

Methods

Plasma-concentration time profiles of total AL bioactivity and clinical efficacy in patients with advanced-stage iCCA were obtained from Phase 2 A study. The population pharmacokinetic (pop-PK) model was developed. The pop-PK model and Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation, in conjunction with maximum concentration of AL (Cmax) as a cut-off criterion, was performed and validated with clinical data. The optimal model was used to simulate further dosage regimens and clinical efficacy of AL.

Results

The pop-PK properties of total AL bioactivity were best described by a compartmental model with zero-order absorption (without delay) and linear clearance. None of the investigated covariates improved model accuracy.The developed pop-PK with MC simulations following once-daily dosing of 1,000 mg and 2,000 mg adequately predicted the clinical efficacy (tumor progression and mortality). The once-daily dose of 2,500 mg is recommended for further phase 2B clinical study due to its relatively high efficacy on tumor progression inhibition (73%) and mortality rate reduction (71%) without excessive number of the administered capsules (23 capsules) and low risk of toxicities (<5%).

Conclusions

The applied pop-PK model with MC simulation, along with the appropriate cut-off pharmacokinetic parameters, can be used as a potential tool for supporting dosage prediction and selection for clinical studies, and thus reducing the rate of drug development failures.

Trial registration

www.thaiclinicaltrials.org, WHO ICTRP search, TCTR20210129007, Registed 29 January 2021.
Drug-coated balloons versus drug-eluting stents in patients with in-stent restenosis: An updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Atta Karim , Hafez Abdelrahman H. , Elsayed Hanaa , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Kadhim Hallas , Mechi Ahmed , Elaraby Ahmed , Ezzat Mahmoud , Fadel Ahmed , Nouh Abdullah , Ibrahim Rahma AbdElfattah , Ellabban Mohamed Hatem , Bakr Ali , Nasr Ahmed , Suppah Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Background

Drug-coated balloons (DCB) have promising results in the management of in-stent restenosis (ISR), still their role remains a major challenge, and not well established in contemporary clinical practice.

Aims

To provide a comprehensive appraisal of the efficacy and safety of DCBs in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane Central from inception until 30 March, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared DCB versus DES in ISR patients. Our primary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and late lumen loss (LLL). Secondary clinical endpoints were all-cause death, cardiac death, MI, TLR, TVR, and stent thrombosis, and angiographic outcomes were MLD, and in-stent binary restenosis.

Results

Ten RCTs comprising 1977 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of MACE was 15.57% in the DCB group compared to 14.13% in the DES group, with no significant difference in the risk of MACE following DCB (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87 to 1.44). Compared with the DES intervention, the risk of LLL was comparable to the DCB intervention (mean difference [MD] -0.08, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.02), while the incidence of TLR was increased in the DCB intervention (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.99).

Conclusion

DCB was comparable to DES implantation is ISR patients regarding clinical outcomes, however it showed an increase in TLR events. Moreover, a RCT with large sample size and longer follow-up duration is warrened to validate these results.
Curating genomic disease-gene relationships with Gene2Phenotype (G2P)
Authors: Yates T. Michael , Ansari Morad , Thompson Louise , Hunt Sarah E. , Uhalte Elena Cibrian , Hobson Rachel J. , Marsh Joseph A. , Wright Caroline F. , Firth Helen V.
Published: November 2024

Genetically determined disorders are highly heterogenous in clinical presentation and underlying molecular mechanism. The evidence underpinning these conditions in the peer-reviewed literature requires robust critical evaluation for diagnostic use. Here, we present a structured curation process for Gene2Phenotype (G2P). This draws on multiple lines of clinical, bioinformatic and functional evidence. The process utilises and extends existing terminologies, allows for precise definition of the molecular basis of disease, and confidence levels to be attributed to a given gene-disease assertion. In-depth disease curation using this process will prove useful in applications including in diagnostics, research and development of targeted therapeutics. G2P: www.ebi.ac.uk/gene2phenotype.
Global burden of zoonotic infectious diseases of poverty, 1990–2021
Authors: Lv Chao , Chen Yiwen , Cheng Zile , Zhu Yongzhang , Chen Weiye , Zhou Nan , Chen Yiming , Li Yinlong , Deng Wangping , Guo Xiaokui , Li Min , Xu Jing
Published: November 2024

Background

The zoonotic infectious diseases of poverty (zIDPs) are a group of diseases contributing to global poverty, with significant impacts on a substantial population. This study aims to describe the global, regional, and national burden of zIDPs—schistosomiasis, cystic echinococcosis, cysticercosis, and food-borne trematodiases (FBTs)—to support policy making and resource allocation for their control and elimination.

Methods

Data of zIDPs from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 were retrieved from 1990 to 2021. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rate were described and the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify their burden and temporal trends. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between age-standardized rates and Socio-demographic Index (SDI).

Results

In 2021, these zIDPs exhibited a certain level of ASPRs and age-standardized DALY rates, while maintaining relatively low ASMRs. Noticeably, schistosomiasis presented the highest ASPR of 1914.299 (95% UI: 1378.920, 2510.853 per 100,000 population) and an age-standardized DALY rate of 21.895 (95% UI: 12.937, 37.278 per 100,000 population) among the zIDPs. The tapestry of burden—woven predominantly through low and lower-middle SDI regions—stretched across Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia. From 1990 to 2021, a kaleidoscopic shift was observed globally as ASPRs, ASMRs, and age-standardized DALY rates declined significantly, as reflected by the EAPC values. Negative correlations were observed between the ASPRs, ASMRs, age-standardized DALY rates of schistosomiasis (r value = − 0.610, − 0.622 and − 0.610), cystic echinococcosis (− 0.676 of ASMR, − 0.550 of age-standardized DALYs), cysticercosis (− 0.420, − 0.797 and − 0.591) and the SDI. In contrast, a slight positive correlation was noted between the ASPR, age-standardized DALY rates of FBTs and SDI with r value of 0.221 and 0.213, respectively.

Conclusion

The burden of zIDPs declined across almost all endemic regions from 1990 to 2021, yet still predominated in low and low-middle SDI regions. Substantial challenges exist to achieve the goal of control and elimination of zIDPs, and integrated approaches based on One Health need to be strengthened to improve health outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
Changes in legal referrals to specialty substance use disorder treatment from 2015–2019
Authors: Fry Carrie E. , Harris Jacob , Burns Marguerite E.
Published: November 2024

Background

The policy landscape around substance use has changed dramatically in the past decade, which may have affected the number and characteristics of treatment episodes for substance use disorder (SUD). In this study, we examine changes in the volume of SUD treatment referrals from the legal system and compare changes in the composition of substances used by referral source. We used publicly available discharge data on specialty SUD treatment episodes in the U.S. from 2015–2019 and included episodes involving adults that are discharged from specialty SUD treatment facilities during the study. We calculated descriptive statistics of specialty SUD treatment discharges in each year and aggregated across all years by referral source and substance(s) reported upon admission. To test differences by year and referral source, we conducted z-tests of proportions.

Results

The proportion of referrals to specialty SUD treatment from the legal system declined between 2015 and 2019 (p < 0.001). However, referrals from probation/parole and diversionary programs grew over time (p < 0.001) in number and proportion over time. Legal referrals were most often associated with alcohol or cannabis use, though referrals for these substances declined from 2015–2019.

Conclusions

This research lays the groundwork for future investigations to evaluate the effect of important policy changes on referral sources to specialty SUD treatment and the quality and outcomes associated with referrals to treatment from the legal system.
"Re-thinking equity: the need for a multidimensional approach in evaluating educational equity through TIMSS data"
Authors: Appels Lies , De Maeyer Sven , Van Petegem Peter
Published: November 2024

Background

In recent years, data derived from international large-scale assessments have significantly influenced the discourse surrounding educational equity. However, the use of such data has often neglected the full spectrum of dimensions that equity encompasses, while being limited to exploring the relationship between achievement variations and student background. This approach, however, constrains our understanding of the rich notion.

Methods

This paper aims to contribute to the advancement of current research by advocating for an alternative approach that encompasses all relevant dimensions of equity and examines their impact on both achievement and motivational outcomes. A cluster analysis manifests itself as the designated method to employ, as the concept of equity remains theoretically challenged and the detection of data patterns can serve as a strong step in its multifaceted inquiry. Moreover, this method enables us to incorporate the multidimensional concept in a country-level context.

Results

Employing data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study at grade four, this paper presents five distinct clusters of educational systems that illustrate diverse equity configurations. Notably, none of the identified clusters consistently scores high or low on all equity dimensions. This suggests that all of the clusters perform inconsistently to different degrees across the dimensions of equity. Furthermore, no single cluster emerges as superior to the others across both outcome measures.

Conclusions

These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between equity, achievement, and motivation within the examined educational systems. The unique configuration of the equity dimensions within each cluster underscores the importance of adopting a nuanced evaluation of equity, which can enhance our understanding of equity patterns.
The sodium/ascorbic acid co-transporter SVCT2 distributes in a striated membrane-enriched domain at the M-band level in slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Sandoval Daniel , Mella Jessica , Ojeda Jorge , Bermedo-García Francisca , Low Marcela , Marcellini Sylvain , Castro Maite A. , Casas Mariana , Jaimovich Enrique , Henríquez Juan Pablo
Published: November 2024

Background

Vitamin C plays key roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning as a potent antioxidant and a positive regulator of cell differentiation. In skeletal muscle, the vitamin C/sodium co-transporter SVCT2 is preferentially expressed in oxidative slow fibers. SVCT2 is up-regulated during the early fusion of primary myoblasts and decreases during initial myotube growth, indicating the relevance of vitamin C uptake via SVCT2 for early skeletal muscle differentiation and fiber-type definition. However, our understanding of SVCT2 expression and function in adult skeletal muscles is still limited.

Results

In this study, we demonstrate that SVCT2 exhibits an intracellular distribution in chicken slow skeletal muscles, following a highly organized striated pattern. A similar distribution was observed in human muscle samples, chicken cultured myotubes, and isolated mouse myofibers. Immunohistochemical analyses, combined with biochemical cell fractionation experiments, reveal a strong co-localization of SVCT2 with intracellular detergent-soluble membrane fractions at the central sarcomeric M-band, where it co-solubilizes with sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins. Remarkably, electrical stimulation of cultured myofibers induces the redistribution of SVCT2 into a vesicular pattern.

Conclusions

Our results provide novel insights into the dynamic roles of SVCT2 in different intracellular compartments in response to functional demands.
Graphitic carbon nitride-modified cerium ferrite: an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and erythromycin in aqueous solution
Authors: Adewuyi Adewale , Oderinde Rotimi A.
Published: November 2024

Incomplete removal of antibiotics by most known wastewater treatment plants is a global challenge. Therefore, graphitic carbon nitride-modified cerium ferrite (CeFe2O4@g-C3N4) was synthesized to remove antibiotics (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin) from water. CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 showed activity in the visible light with a Tauc plot revealing the bandgap energy (2.46 eV). The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) result revealed the surface of CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 to be heterogeneous, while the transmission electron micrograph (TEM) image confirmed a flaky with rod and oval shaped surface (average particle size of 42.22 nm). CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 exhibited a 100% removal of all the studied antibiotics from aqueous solution in a photocatalytic degradation that is described by pseudo-1st-order kinetics. CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 demonstrated a high regeneration capacity, which is above 90% at the 12th cycle of treatment without any observable changes in its phase structure which suggests a promising chemical stability and reusability. CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 compared favourably with some selected antibiotic degradable photocatalysts suggesting the economic viable of CeFe2O4@g-C3N4 as photocatalyst for the purification of antibiotics-contaminated water.

Graphical Abstract
The COVID-19 restrictions, child services and the well-being of children in South Africa
Authors: Marais Lochner , Matamanda Abraham , Gbadegesin Frances , Ntema John , Mgwele Abongile , Dunn Mischka , Nel Verna , Lehobo Timothy M. , Andres Lauren , Denoon-Stevens Stuart
Published: November 2024

Covid-19 posed little danger to children. Nevertheless, the South African government imposed lockdown measures that impeded children’s education, play and food. Schools were closed, feeding schemes were halted and organised sports were banned. In this study of South African children’s experience during the 2020–22 pandemic, we use the capabilities approach, particularly Nussbaum’s ten capabilities, to assess how the lockdown measures affected their development. The one-dimensional nature of the government response was evident in its focus on physical health and safeguarding adults and the health system, at the expense of children’s well-being. Children were masked and their voices were not heard. Despite being far less at risk of illness or death than adults, children and young people were disproportionately affected by government regulations. Children from low-income environments were particularly severely affected.
Engagement of people with lived experience in studies published in high-impact psychiatry journals: meta-research review
Authors: Adams Claire , Nassar Elsa-Lynn , Nordlund Julia , Hu Sophie , Rice Danielle B. , Cook Vanessa , Boruff Jill , Thombs Brett D.
Published: November 2024

Background

We evaluated studies published in high-impact psychiatry journals to assess (1) the proportion that reported in articles whether they engaged people with lived experience; (2) the proportion that likely engaged people with lived experience; and, if engagement occurred, (3) stages of research (planning, conduct, interpretation, dissemination); and (4) engagement level (consult, involve, partner).

Methods

We searched PubMed on December 14, 2022, for articles in psychiatry journals with impact factor ≥ 10 and reviewed articles in reverse chronological order until 141 were included, based on pre-study precision estimation. We contacted authors to obtain information on engagement.

Results

Three of 141 (2%) studies reported engagement of people with lived experience in articles. Of the other 138 studies, 74 authors responded to follow-up emails and 22 reported they engaged people with lived experience but did not report in the article. Depending on assumptions about engagement by non-responders, we estimated, overall, 18-31% of studies may have engaged people with lived experience. Engagement occurred in research planning (70%) and rarely interpretation (35%). Most involved consultation (providing opinions or perspectives, 53%) and few involved partnership (11%).

Conclusions

Engagement of people with lived experience in psychiatry research is uncommon, and when it does occur people are typically consulted but not engaged in roles with influence on decision-making. Funding agencies, ethics committees, journals, and academic institutions should take steps to support engagement of people with lived experience in psychiatry research.
Empowering sustainability: bridging science, community, and youth for a brighter future
Authors: Yousuf Ronika , Zehra Angeleen
Published: November 2024

Background

Sustainability science has become a crucial aspect of interdisciplinary research aimed at finding practical solutions and driving lasting change. This article examines the challenges facing sustainability science to move beyond the analysis of problems within interconnected systems and critically evaluate the interplay of social, political, and technological factors in the application of knowledge to action.

Results

The study highlights the influence of innovation implemented by companies on their sustainability performance, the establishment of innovations that positively affect sustainability performance, and analyzes the youth and local community perspectives on scientific innovations for a sustainable future.

Conclusions

The main conclusion is that sustainable development needs to focus on four areas of research: the impact of values ​​on research and decisions; community perspectives on sustainability; fostering socio-technical progress; and promoting learning for sustainable development. By decoding science, positive change can be achieved through the implementation of strategies such as transparency, understandability, and openness to scientific knowledge.
Effectiveness of telerehabilitation-based mckenzie method versus manual therapy in low-back pain management: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mbada Chidozie , Olanipekun Oluwasegun Oladele , Ademoyegun Adekola , Egwu Michael Ogbonnaya , Makinde Moses , Gebrye Tadesse , Sonuga Oluwatobi Ademola , Fatoye Francis
Published: November 2024

Background

Studies comparing the effectiveness of telerehabilitation and spinal manual therapy (SMT) for chronic non-specific low-back pain (NSLBP) are limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the telerehabilitation-based McKenzie therapy (TBMT) and SMT among patients with NSLBP.

Methods

Forty-nine consenting patients randomised into either TBMT (n = 28) or SMT (n = 21) group completed the study. TBMT is a mobile phone-based telerehabilitation involving the ‘McKenzie extension protocol’. SMT is a grade II (10 oscillations) posterior-anterior central vertebral pressure on the offending spinous process. Both interventions were applied thrice weekly for eight weeks, and outcomes were assessed on Pain Intensity (PI), Activity Limitation (AL), Participation Restriction (PR), and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in the fourth and eighth weeks.

Results

Within-group comparison across baseline, 4th and 8th week indicate that SMT had a significant effect on PI (F = 132.804, p = 0.001), AL (F = 75.984, p = 0.001), PR (F = 99.428, p = 0.001) and for all the scales of SF-12 except for mental health domain (p > 0.05). Similarly, TBMT had a significant effect on PI (F = 243.631; p = 0.001), AL (F = 85.930; p = 0.001), PR (F = 48.425; p = 0.001), and for all the scales except also for mental health domain (p > 0.05). However, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the treatment effects between SMT and TBMT, except for the ‘health perception’ (p = 0.045) scale at week four and the ‘mental health’ scale (p = 0.023) at week eight.

Conclusion

Telerehabilitation-based McKenzie method and SMT are effective in chronic NSLBP, with TBMT leading to significantly higher long-term health perception improvement.

Trial Registration

Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202010667228786), Registered 27 October 2020-Retrospectively registered.
Behavioural and neuronal substrates of serious game-based computerised cognitive training in cognitive decline: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brill Esther , Holfelder Alexa , Falkner Michael , Krebs Christine , Brem Anna-Katharine , Klöppel Stefan
Published: November 2024

Background

Investigations of computerised cognitive training (CCT) show heterogeneous results in slowing age-related cognitive decline.

Aims

To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of serious games-based CCT, integrating control conditions, neurophysiological and blood-based biomarkers, and subjective measures.

Method

In this bi-centric randomised controlled trial with parallel groups, 160 participants (mean age 71.3 years) with cognitive impairment ranging from subjective decline to mild cognitive impairment, were pseudo-randomised to three arms: an intervention group receiving CCT immediately, an active control (watching documentaries) and a waitlist condition, which both started the CCT intervention after the control period. Both active arms entailed a 3-month intervention period comprising a total of 60 at-home sessions (five per week) and weekly on-site group meetings. In the intervention group, this was followed by additional 6 months of CCT, with monthly booster sessions to assess long-term training effects. Behavioural and subjective changes were assessed in 3-month intervals. Biological effects were measured by amyloid blood markers and magnetic resonance imaging obtained before and after training.

Results

Adherence to the training protocol was consistently high across groups and time points (4.87 sessions per week). Domain-specific cognitive scores showed no significant interaction between groups and time points. Significant cognitive and subjective improvements were observed after long-term training. Voxel-based morphometry revealed no significant changes in grey matter volume following CCT, nor did amyloid levels moderate its effectiveness.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates no benefits of 3 months of CCT on cognitive or biological outcomes. However, positive effects were observed subjectively and after long-term CCT, warranting the inclusion of CCT in multicomponent interventions.
Neoadjuvant Atezolizumab in Patients With Surgically Resectable Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Divi Vasu , Aasi Sumaira , Khan Saad A. , Lam Lily , Martinez Ramirez Luis , Sunwoo John B. , Rahman Mobeen , Ma Yifei , Kurzymski Monika , Baik Fred M. , Chen Michelle , Finegersh Andrey , Hirotsu Kelsey E. , Holsinger F. Chris , Kibbi Nour , Sirjani Davud , Bedi Nikita , Pinto Harlan , Colevas A. Dimitrios
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

To evaluate the feasibility of administering three doses of neoadjuvant atezolizumab before curative surgical resection in patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This single-arm phase II trial included patients with cSCC of the head and neck with stage III or IV disease, or stage II lesions for which standard therapy would incur an unacceptable morbidity. Patients received up to three doses of atezolizumab at a fixed dose of 1,200 mg every 21 days before undergoing surgical resection. The primary end point was the percentage of patients able to complete three doses of therapy and be eligible for surgical resection without discontinuation due to toxicity or progression. Secondary end points included unconfirmed RECIST 1.1 response rate, pathological response rate (major and complete pathological response), and safety and tolerability of atezolizumab.

RESULTS

Twenty patients were enrolled and treated. Sixteen (80%) of 20 patients completed three doses of atezolizumab, and all patients were eligible for surgical resection. A pathological complete response was seen in seven (35%; 95% CI, 15.4 to 59.2) patients, and a major pathological response (<10% viable tumor) was seen in four (20%; 95% CI, 5.7 to 43.7) patients. RECIST responses were seen in eight (40%; 95% CI, 19.1 to 64.0) patients, and one (5%) patient progressed. Grade 3 or higher adverse events were seen in one (5%) patient who developed pneumonitis after the first dose of atezolizumab.

CONCLUSION

Neoadjuvant atezolizumab is feasible and well tolerated in patients with advanced cSCC and results in a high rate of major and complete pathological responses.
Ungrading
Authors: Stommel Jesse
Published: November 2024

The word ungrading means raising an eyebrow at grades as a systemic practice, distinct from simply not grading. The word is a present participle, an ongoing process, not a static set of practices. Too many approaches to grades treat students as if they are interchangeable and fail to recognize their complexity. Educational institutions need to start by rewriting policies and imagining new ways forward for the most marginalized students. This essay examines contemporary approaches to assessment; considers the history of grades; interrogates the bias inherent in standardized systems; and explores methods and approaches for designing assessments that push back against traditional notions of grading.
Enhancing Ungrading
Authors: Zimmerman Griffin Xander
Published: November 2024

While ungrading is gaining traction within higher education, many teachers still struggle with applying ungrading systems successfully in their classrooms. This article is designed to bridge the gap between an ideological commitment to ungrading and pedagogical praxis by focusing on the ideologies that are embedded in ungrading systems. This represents an important shift from the focus on tools or methods to a focus on the habits of mind necessary to adapt ungrading to individual classrooms. This article claims that one of the key challenges to implementing ungrading stems from attempting to tack alternative assessment onto existing pedagogical frameworks. By utilizing a disability justice approach, the author offers a praxis-based primer to support educators in shifting their habits of mind to facilitate ungrading. First, the article asks readers to examine their ideological assumptions surrounding classrooms and demonstrates how these ideologies influence and interact with ungrading principles. Next, the article explores how a disability justice framework provides important contextualizing guidance to enacting ungrading ideologies. Finally, it synthesizes key lessons from disability justice theory and localizes them in examples of classroom praxis, demonstrating how a reorientation away from a “best practices” approach to ungrading facilitates successful implementation in the classroom.
Navigating Labor-Based Grading Contracts
Authors: Larson Kara K.
Published: November 2024

This article explores the impact of labor-based grading contracts on student attitudes and perceptions within multilingual First-Year Composition (FYC) sections at an R1 university. Data collected qualitatively and quantitatively examined correlations between labor-based grading contracts and shifts in student attitudes toward writing and overall learning experiences. Findings revealed that some students found labor-based grading contracts motivating, leading to improved attitudes toward writing, while others found themselves demotivated or stressed by the absence of traditional grades. The concept of fairness emerged as a key concern, challenging the assumption that labor-based grading contracts universally benefit students. This article underscores the need for nuanced implementation of labor-based grading contracts and encourages a student-centered approach to foster equitable and antiracist writing assessment practices. It acknowledges the potential benefits of labor-based contract grading, but also its associated challenges, and calls for a critical examination of grading contracts within local contexts to ensure they genuinely advance opportunities for underrepresented students.
Perceived Negative Menstrual Cycle Symptoms, But Not Changes in Estrogen or Progesterone, Are Associated with Impaired Cycling Race Performance
Authors: SMITH ELLA S. , MCCORMICK RACHEL , MCKAY ALANNAH K. A. , ACKERMAN KATHRYN E. , ELLIOTT-SALE KIRSTY J. , STELLINGWERFF TRENT , HARRIS RACHEL , BURKE LOUISE M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To examine the relationship between menstrual cycle (MC) phase-dependent fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone and virtual cycling race performance, with a secondary aim of correlating perceived MC-related symptoms with performance.

Methods

In a novel observational study design, 37 female cyclists/triathletes not using any hormonal contraception completed one virtual cycling race (19.5-km time trial (TT)) per week across a 1-month period (totaling four races). Participants completed MC characterization and tracking, including urinary ovulation kits, across two complete MCs. Venous blood samples were collected within 21 h of racing to determine serum 17-β-estradiol and progesterone concentrations, as well as an assessment of self-reported, perceived race-day MC and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, which were all then correlated to race performance.

Results

There was no relationship between race completion time and individual estradiol (r = −0.001, P = 0.992) or progesterone (r = −0.023, P = 0.833) concentrations. There was no difference between race time between MC phases (follicular/luteal, P = 0.238), whether MC bleeding or not bleeding (P = 0.619), and whether ovulating or not ovulating (P = 0.423). The total number of perceived MC symptoms recorded on race day was positively correlated to increased race time (r = 0.268 (95% confidence interval, 0.056–0.457), P = 0.014), as was the number of GI symptoms of at least “moderate” severity before the race (r = 0.233 (95% confidence interval, 0.021–0.425), P = 0.031), but not post-race (r = 0.022, P = 0.841).

Conclusions

When implementing a novel, virtual cycling race, fluctuations in ovarian hormone concentrations across the MC do not appear to affect real-world cycling performance among trained cyclists, whereas perceived negative MC and GI symptoms may relate to impaired performance. Therefore, the management of negative MC and GI symptoms appears important for athletic performance enhancement or to mitigate performance decline.
Prospective Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Adolescence with Cardiometabolic Risk in Young Adulthood
Authors: HUSØY ANDERS , KOLLE ELIN , STEENE-JOHANNESSEN JOSTEIN , ANDERSEN LARS BO , ANDERSSEN SIGMUND ALFRED , EKELUND ULF
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The relationship between sedentary time, physical activity, and cardiometabolic risk factors during the transition from adolescence to adulthood remains uncertain. We examined the prospective associations of sedentary time and physical activity at age 15 yr with cardiometabolic risk markers at age 24 yr.

Methods

We used data from the Physical Activity among Norwegian Children Studies. Sedentary time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were measured by accelerometry. Outcomes included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral fat, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), systolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and a clustered risk Z-score. The prospective associations were modeled through regression.

Results

A total of 731 boys and girls participated at ages 9 yr (2005–2006) and 15 yr (2011–2012), and 258 of these participated again at age 24 yr (2019–2021). Multiple imputation was performed for all eligible individuals (n = 708). Each standard deviation increase (minutes per day) in sedentary time at age 15 yr was associated with lower V̇O2max at age 24 yr (β = −1.6 mL·kg−1·min−1; 95% confidence interval (CI), −2.8 to −0.5). Each standard deviation increase (minutes per day) in MVPA (β = 1.6 mL·kg−1·min−1; 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.4) and VPA (β = 1.6 mL·kg−1·min−1; 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.4) at age 15 yr were associated with higher V̇O2max at age 24 yr. VPA in adolescence was further inversely associated with visceral fat mass (β = −41 g; 95% CI, −78 to −3), insulin level (β = −4.3 pmol·L−1; 95% CI, −8.2 to −0.4), and the clustered risk Z-score (β = −0.09; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.01) in young adulthood. Childhood BMI modified the association of both MVPA and VPA with clustered risk, with the greatest magnitude of association observed in the highest BMI tertile.

Conclusions

Physical activity, especially of vigorous intensity, during adolescence appears to beneficially affect cardiometabolic health in young adulthood. These health benefits may be most pronounced among overweight/obese youth.
Augmented fossil tour, an AR application for exploring and studying fossils
Authors: Liakopoulou Dionysia , Giamali Christina , Galanopoulos Emmanuel , Kaddas Panagiotis , Karydas Nikolaos , Iakovidis Alexandros , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos , Kontakiotis George , Lyras George , Besiou Evangelia , Skampa Elisavet , Panagiotopoulos Ioannis P. , Moforis Leonidas , Alexoudi Vassiliki , Grambas Alexia , Vaptisma Anna , Antonarakou Assimina
Published: November 2024

Fossils constitute a significant part of Earth's biodiversity, holding considerable heritage value. With an aim of improving and enhancing dissemination of knowledge and by integrating augmented reality technologies, this paper presents an AR application to identify fossils in two fossil sites, that of Agia Marina (Aegina Island) and Rafina (Attiki peninsula). An application compatible to mobile devices that enables the user to identify the fossils in situ, promoting learning through interactive experiences. It offers virtual tours that transport users back in time to the paleo environments where these fossils were originally found. This application seeks to make science, and especially paleontology, accessible and engaging to a wide range of people. To achieve this, we employed advanced photogrammetry techniques. By utilizing these methods, we were able to create detailed and accurate 3D models of marine fossils and environments. This approach not only enhances the visual representation of these paleo-environments but also provides precise data for scientific analysis and educational purposes. The AFT project allows us to capture the intricacies of invertebrate species and their habitats, ensuring that their importance within the marine ecosystem is effectively communicated and appreciated by a wider audience.
Γνώση, εκπαίδευση, κοινωνία
Authors: Διδυμιώτης-Κωστάκος Ορέστης
Published: November 2024

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αποτελεί μια εργασία στην τομή των πεδίων της φιλοσοφίας και της ιστορίας της εκπαίδευσης, της επιστημολογίας, της διδακτικής, καθώς και της κριτικής κοινωνικής και πολιτικής θεωρίας. Τα ερωτήματα με τα οποία καταπιάνεται —ερωτήματα για τη μάθηση, τη γνώση, τη χειραφέτηση, τον Διαφωτισμό, την ισότητα, τη δημοκρατία— επανατίθενται και διερευνώνται από μια ειδική θεωρητική και αξιολογική σκοπιά: εκείνη που προσφέρει η «σκανδαλώδης» πρόταση του φιλοσόφου και δασκάλου του 19ου αιώνα Ζοζέφ Ζακοτό. Πρόκειται για μια πρόταση που έγινε γνωστή με το όνομα «καθολική διδασκαλία», και η οποία, αφού αναστάτωσε τη μετεπαναστατική Ευρώπη, επανήλθε στην επικαιρότητα στα τέλη του 20ου αιώνα με την έκδοση του βιβλίου του Ζακ Ρανσιέρ "Ο Αδαής Δάσκαλος", επηρεάζοντας σημαντικά την τρέχουσα εκπαιδευτική και πολιτικοθεωρητική συζήτηση. Η διατριβή εξετάζει συστηματικά τις βασικές αρχές της καθολικής διδασκαλίας, που συνοψίζονται σε προκλητικά διατυπωμένες θέσεις, όπως ότι «μπορούμε να διδάξουμε αυτό που αγνοούμε»· «η εξήγηση αποβλακώνει»· «είμαστε όλοι ίσοι στη νοημοσύνη»· «τα πάντα βρίσκονται στο καθετί». Το συμπέρασμα είναι ότι οι αρχές αυτές αποσταθεροποιούν κατεστημένες παιδαγωγικές αντιλήψεις και ωθούν στον αναστοχασμό πάνω σε κρίσιμα ερωτήματα της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας. Ωστόσο, αν και αφοριστικές, παραπέμπουν σε ουσιαστικά και οικεία φιλοσοφικά και επιστημολογικά ζητήματα. Θεμελιώνουν αξιώσεις εν πολλοίς συμβατές με σύγχρονες προσεγγίσεις της διδασκαλίας και της μάθησης, ενώ συγχρόνως υποδεικνύουν ένα εναλλακτικό σημείο εισόδου στην πραγμάτευση της σχέσης μεταξύ εκπαίδευσης και πνευματικής χειραφέτησης. Για την ακρίβεια, η εργασία επιδιώκει να επενδύσει τα επιχειρήματα υπέρ της καθολικής διδασκαλίας με γνωσιολογικό περιεχόμενο και να «διαλεκτικοποιήσει» τη σχέση της πνευματικής χειραφέτησης με τη γνώση, εξετάζοντας την επενέργεια της πρώτης στη δεύτερη, τουτέστιν της συνειδητοποίησης της διανοητικής ισότητας (της ισότητας της γνωστικής ικανότητας) στη μάθηση, στη γνωστική δραστηριότητα. Υποστηρίζεται ότι η πνευματική χειραφέτηση αποτελεί γενεσιουργό στοιχείο της μαθησιακής διαδικασίας με μια πιο πλήρως ορθολογική, κριτική έννοια.
Η δημόσια διοίκηση στην Ελλάδα κατά την περίοδο 1936-1944 και ο ρόλος του "συνδικαλιστικού κινήματος" των δημοσίων υπαλλήλων στην εθνική αντίσταση
Authors: Πετρούλια Όλγα
Published: November 2024

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή ερευνά την περίοδο 1936-1944, μια περίοδος που συμπυκνώνει τρεις διαφορετικές μορφές «εκτάκτου καταστάσεως»: δικτατορία- πόλεμο- κατοχή. Εστιάζει στη μελέτη του τρόπου λειτουργίας και οργάνωσης της δημόσιας διοίκησης, καθώς και του εργασιακού καθεστώτος των δημοσίων υπαλλήλων, με ανάλυση των συγκεκριμένων παραδειγμάτων των δημόσιων Νοσηλευτικών Ιδρυμάτων, της δημόσιας εκπαίδευσης, των δημόσιων Τραπεζών και της Υπηρεσίας Τηλεφωνίας, Ταχυδρομείων και Τηλεγράφων (Τ.Τ.Τ.). Ερευνά το ρόλο του συνδικαλιστικού κινήματος των δημοσίων υπαλλήλων στην εθνική αντίσταση, το πλαίσιο μέσα στο οποίο αναπτύχθηκε και παραθέτει τους σημαντικότερους σταθμούς της αντιστασιακής τους δράσης με αναφορά στις συγκεκριμένες περιπτώσεις των εκπαιδευτικών, των εργαζομένων στις Τράπεζες, των καθηγητών και των εργαζομένων στα Πανεπιστήμια, των εργαζομένων στα Νοσοκομεία, των Αρχαιολόγων των Μουσείων, της Πυροσβεστικής και της Αστυνομίας. Τέλος, εξετάζει το παράδειγμα του Εθνικού Τυπογραφείου. Η μέθοδος που ακολουθεί ήταν αυτή της βιβλιογραφικής έρευνας και της έρευνας σε πρωτογενές υλικό.Τα βασικά συμπεράσματά της όσον αφορά στη δημόσια διοίκηση, είναι ότι, κατά την περίοδο 1936-1944, χαρακτηριζόταν από υπερσυγκέντρωση, συγκεντρωτισμό αρμοδιοτήτων και εξουσιών, αυταρχισμό και απόλυτο κεντρικό έλεγχο όλων των διαδικασιών, έλλειψη νομιμοποίησης, κατάργηση της διάκρισης των εξουσιών, έμφαση στον τομέα της δημόσιας ασφάλειας. Ο κρατικός μηχανισμός προσαρμόστηκε, σε γενικές γραμμές, στις νέες έκτακτες καταστάσεις και μάλιστα πολύ γρήγορα και η δημόσια διοίκηση αποδείχθηκε κενή περιεχομένου. Όσον αφορά στους δημοσίους υπαλλήλους δεν υπήρχε ενιαίος δημοσιοϋπαλληλικός κώδικας, ενιαίο μισθολόγιο, ούτε προσοντολόγιο. Δεν υπήρχε, δηλαδή, ένα κωδικοποιημένο σύστημα διατάξεων λειτουργίας της δημόσιας διοίκησης, ούτε ως προς τις δομές της, ούτε ως προς το ανθρώπινο δυναμικό που την στελέχωνε. Όσον αφορά στην αντιστασιακή τους δράση, κατά την περίοδο της δικτατορίας και κατά το πρώτο διάστημα της πρώτης κατοχικής κυβέρνησης, στην πλειοψηφία τους προσαρμόστηκαν στη νέα έκτακτη κατάσταση και επιτελούσαν το υπηρεσιακό τους καθήκον στα όρια της υποταγής. Με το ξέσπασμα, όμως, του επισιτιστικού προβλήματος και τη μεγάλη απεργία των τριτατικών υπαλλήλων τον Απρίλιο του 1942, οι δημόσιοι υπάλληλοι μπήκαν στην αντιστασιακή δράση και έδωσαν πολύ σοβαρούς αγώνες. Τέλος η μελέτη της περίπτωσης του Εθνικού Τυπογραφείου επιβεβαιώνει όλα τα παραπάνω συμπεράσματα.
Oxygen as obturation biomaterial in endodontic treatment: development of novel membranous dental restoration system
Authors: Wahyudi Didi , Kusumasari Citra
Published: November 2024

Complexities in obturation and difficulties in disinfection are the major problems that make endodontic treatment very time-consuming. A new perspective is needed to reduce the working time as well as to answer these two problems. Until now, none of the established obturation techniques for root canal filling can guarantee a perfect seal. Solid substances cannot be manipulated easily to fill the tiny branches of the root canal system hermetically. At the same time, anaerobes and facultative anaerobes, especially Enterococcus faecalis, are very dominant in endodontic infections discussion. As shown in many studies, it is extremely difficult to perfectly disinfect Enterococcus faecalis even by using some irrigating solutions with strong antibacterial properties. Under anaerobic conditions, the invasion efficiency of facultative anaerobes is increased. In case irrigation and disinfection cannot totally eliminate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes, a new strategy is also needed to deal with the bacteria that still survive in the root canal. Oxygen can fill the root canal system with ease, eliminate anaerobes, and prevent facultative anaerobes from being pathogenic. Therefore, using oxygen as obturation biomaterial after proper cleaning and shaping procedures is expected to solve the two major endodontic problems. The aim of this article was to discuss a new possible concept of dental restoration system that uses an oxygen-permeable membrane to decrease the time required in endodontic treatment. The membrane is placed at the orifice of a duct created to connect the entire root canal system with free air outside the restoration. The function of the membrane is more or less similar to the mask used during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it enables the oxygen to circulate while preventing any fluid, debris, and microorganisms from passing. We hypothesize that the oxygen circulating in the root canal system will also act as an antimicrobial agent that is constantly renewed.