bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An agnostic approach to ancient landscapes
Authors: Winder Isabelle , Winder Nick
Published: February 2023

We argue that the phenomenological or ‘agnostic’ approach to evolutionary systems advocated by Thomas Henry Huxley is applicable in anthropological archaeology and show how agnosticism helps defuse the tension between humanists, natural philosophers and natural historians in integrative research. We deploy problem-framing methods from policy-relevant research in a palaeoanthropological context, developing a model of complex (scale-dependent, irreversible) causality and applying it to the problem of human-landscape interaction and primate foot anatomy. We illustrate this process with a single iteration of the ‘project cycle’ focussed on human-landscape interaction. Modern humans are co-operative resilience feeders, exploiting complex causality by perturbing stable, unproductive landscapes and feeding on the fluxes of energy and resources released as they spring back. Is it possible that this resiliencefeeding is older than Homo sapiens?
INTEGRATING MICRO PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND CRUCIAL LEARNING SKILLS IN CHEMISTRY
Authors: Tian Peiyao , Sun Daner , Han Ruirui , Fan Yanhua
Published: February 2023

Active participation in project-based learning (PBL) could develop students` knowledge and crucial learning skills across various disciplines. However, the implementation of PBL in the K-12 classroom is usually impeded by the step-by-step PBL cycle. Micro project-based learning (MPBL), which advocates and adheres to the learning principles and mechanisms of PBL with constraining the learning cycle in shorter periods, has been considered as a lightweight alternative to PBL process. As an exploration, this study explored the impact of MPBL on the conceptual understanding of sodium bicarbonate and the crucial learning skills in chemistry class at upper-secondary schools. The quasi-experimental research was implemented for 125 students, with an experimental group receiving MPBL teaching and a control group receiving conventional teaching. In the study, data including knowledge tests, crucial learning skills survey, and student interview were collected and analysed. The results indicated that MPBL was effective in the development of students’ conceptual understanding and crucial learning skills (i.e., communication and collaboration, information integration, independent learning, and problem-solving). The study will inform the pedagogical innovation in chemistry education and teaching practices in chemistry class. Keywords: chemistry education, upper-secondary schools, pedagogical approach, sodium bicarbonate
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy in Rheumatic Patients with Dry Eye Symptoms
Authors: Min Joon Ki , Chin Hee Seung , Jung Kyong-Hee , Jung Ji Won
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Hydroxychloroquine is widely used for long-term treatment of rheumatic diseases, but the drug can trigger irreversible toxic retinopathy. We studied the prevalence of, and the risk factors for, hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in rheumatic patients with dry eye symptoms and we introduce a representative case.Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 133 rheumatological patients who had taken hydroxychloroquine for at least 12 months and who visited our ophthalmology clinic with dry eye symptoms from April 2016 to December 2021. Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy was diagnosed via fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, the Humphrey visual field test, autofluorescence fundus photography, and multifocal electroretinography. The principal outcomes were the prevalence of retinopathy at the first screening and the risk factors.Results: Of the 133 patients, hydroxychloroquine retinopathy was diagnosed in seven (5.2%) at the first screenings. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed that older age; higher daily doses; longer dosing duration; greater cumulative doses; and higher daily and cumulative doses/kg were statistically significant in terms of retinopathy development. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the average daily dose (odds ratio [OR] 6.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64-22.12, 100 mg increments) and duration of dosing (OR 3.39; 95% CI 1.19-9.62, 5 years increments) remained statistically significant (P = 0.021, P = 0.007 respectively)Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should enquire about any history of hydroxychloroquine therapy, and perform a retinal examination, when encountering dry eye in patients with rheumatic disease. Early detection of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy followed by discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine is the only way to prevent visual loss. High daily drug doses and long dosing durations are risk factors for retinopathy.
Long-term Clinical Outcome of Refractive Corneal Inlays for Compensation of Presbyopia
Authors: Choi Young Joo , Han Gyu Le , Lim Dong Hui , Chung Tae-Young
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To study the long-term efficacy and safety of Flexivue Microlens refractive corneal inlays in Koreans for compensation of presbyopia.Methods: Flexivue Microlens inlays were implanted in nine eyes at Samsung Medical Center from October 2015 to February 2018. The follow-up period was 1.95 ± 0.6 years. Pre- and postoperative near/intermediate/distant visual acuity, spherical equivalent, contrast sensitivity, defocus curve, keratometry, and patient satisfaction were evaluated retrospectively.Results: The uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) of the operated eye increased significantly to 0.27 ± 0.10 logarithm of the minimal angle resolution (logMAR) after 6 months (p = 0.012). At the last observation, it was 0.32 ± 0.21 logMAR, which improved compared to before surgery, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.127). The binocular UNVA improved significantly to 0.19 ± 0.78 logMAR at 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.017) and to 0.21 ± 0.13 logMAR at the last observation (p = 0.028). There was no difference in the binocular uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA) before and after surgery, but the UDVA of the operated eye decreased significantly to 0.38 ± 0.15 logMAR at 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.007) and to 0.32 ± 0.21 logMAR at the last observation (p = 0.012). Satisfaction with near vision improved significantly after surgery; 14.3% of the patients had a score of 4 (good) or higher and 42.9% did not require near-vision glasses. In one case, the inlay was removed after 17 months due to blurred vision.Conclusions: The Flexivue Microlens has a low risk of complications and is a reversible technique. However, the near vision improvement was temporary and distance vision deteriorated. In addition, the Koreans examined had relatively low satisfaction and high spectacle dependence.
Spawning-related fish movement synchrony of white seabream Diplodus sargus in a no-take zone
Authors: Pedaccini M , Sousa I , Bentes L , DeBenito-Abelló C , Lino PG , Moland E , Gonçalves JMS , Horta e Costa B
Published: February 2023

Studies assessing fish spatial behaviour are essential to better understand the performance of marine protected areas. However, few studies have focused on the fine-scale movements related to reproduction, a key feature in a population’s perpetuation. Knowledge of movements modulated by reproduction is particularly important since migrations towards spawning grounds may increase the vulnerability to threats if these occur outside protected areas. Further, reproductive behavioural polymorphism is widely understudied but may affect reproductive success. In this work, we used acoustic telemetry to study a harvested fish, Diplodus sargus, within a small no-take zone in Portugal. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to focus on both the environmental and spatial features affecting D. sargus reproduction and the first to explore intraspecific variability of spawning movements. We report, during the spawning period, short-term (<1 d) and synchronised wider movements towards the open sea and deeper areas—‘extraordinary movements’—involving 34% of the individuals. These extraordinary movements were associated with environmental factors known to trigger reproduction in this species (low but increasing photoperiod and temperature, waxing and full moon phases). Our results suggest that different behavioural groups (residents, commuters and low site-attached fish) exhibiting differences in spatial use may aggregate and spawn simultaneously, which may contribute to the maintenance of behavioural polymorphisms and the species’ evolutionary adaptability. These findings have implications for the conservation of D. sargus and are relevant to other species that also conduct such critical migrations. Our results should enable adaptive management of fisheries targeting this species.
Managing Ulcerative Colitis: The Guidelines and Beyond
Authors: Lie Mitchell RKL , van der Woude C Janneke
Published: February 2023

Management guidelines offer clinicians clear, evidence-based and often succinct treatment advice. For ulcerative colitis these guidelines describe the use of 5-ASA, corticosteroids, thiopurines, cyclosporine, and anti-TNFα therapies. However, guidelines do have some drawbacks, mainly a lack of concrete advice concerning patients resistant to these aforementioned therapies. This review gives a short overview of current guidelines and addresses treatment alternatives for conventional therapies.
Cellular Consequences of Z Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Accumulation and Prospects for Therapy
Authors: Alam Sam , Mahadeva Ravi
Published: February 2023

The Z variant (Glu342Lys) of α1-antitrypsin polymerises and accumulates in the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum predisposing to neonatal hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The resultant secretory defect leaves the lungs vulnerable to elastolysis and early-onset emphysema. There is currently no cure for the liver or lung disease other than organ transplantation. This review discusses the evolving understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the condition and how this has led to the emergence of novel treatment strategies for α1- antitrypsin-related liver disease.
Immunotherapy of Cancer: Towards a New Era
Authors: Haanen John B.A.G.
Published: February 2023

In the past two decades, immunotherapy of cancer has developed into an established treatment option. At first, the development of monoclonal antibodies – targeting overexpressed cell surface molecules on tumour cells – resulted in improved survival when combined with standard chemotherapy or radiotherapy. More recently, T cell immunotherapy has impacted on survival of certain cancer types. In melanoma especially, but now also in renal cell cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 (anti-CTLA4) and blockade of programmed death receptor-1-PD- ligand 1 (PD1-PD-L1) interaction, represent a completely new treatment paradigm, lowering the threshold for an anticancer immune response and breaking self-tolerance. Adoptive T cell transfer using tumour- infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically modified T cells are under development, but have shown impressive clinical efficacy in several Phase II studies. These emerging but highly promising treatments can give rise to durable tumour control in diseases that were lethal in all patients only a few years ago.
Multiple Myeloma and Renal Failure
Authors: Tosi Patrizia , Imola Manuela , Mianulli Anna Maria , Tomassetti Simona , Molinari Annalia , Mangianti Serena , Ratta Marina , Merli Anna , Polli Valentina
Published: February 2023

Renal failure (RF) occurs in approximately 20-30% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients at diagnosis and in more than 50% of patients with advanced disease. The pathogenesis of RF is related to the production of monoclonal light chains that can damage either the tubule (myeloma kidney) or the glomeruli (light chain deposition disease or amyloid light-chain amyloidosis). In the past, the prognosis of patients with MM and RF was considered poor due to the limited number of effective and non-nephrotoxic drugs that were available. At present, novel drugs acting both on MM clone and on bone marrow microenvironment have been introduced into clinical practice; among them, bortezomib-containing regimens have proved to be the most effective. High-dose myeloablative therapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue can also be proposed in younger patients with no other relevant comorbidities.
FENOMENA MONEY POLITICS DAN PEMBUKTIAN TERSTRUKTUR SISTEMATIS MASIF (TSM) PADA PEMILIHAN WALIKOTA DAN WAKIL WALIKOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG 2020
Authors: Siregar Meri Carolina , Maryanah Tabah
Published: February 2023

Pilkada Serentak 9 Desember 2020 lalu kembali diwarnai praktek politik jual beli suara atau yang lebih dikenal dengan politik transaksional (money politics). Politik uang atau politik transaksional pada pemilihan Kepala Daerah yang terjadi pada saat pandemi Covid-19  secara terstruktur, sistematis, dan masif (TSM). Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa banyak indikasi terjadi politik uang namun pembuktiannya sulit memenuhi kriteria TSM. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode kualitatif, yaitu dengan cara menggabungkan beberapa referensi saintifik dari sumber fundamental dan sumber kedua dengan wawancara terstruktur dan penelaahan artikel yang berkaitan misalnya; buku, makalah, jurnal, dan ulasan pers cetak maupun online berkenaan ritme TSM serta fenomenanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelemahan regulasi dan  pengawasan dalam pilkada turut membuka berkembangnya politik uang. Juga faktor-faktor ekonomi, politik, sosial, dan budaya. Perlu penegakkan sanksi yang lebih tegas dari Bawasalu, sentra Gakumdu, revisi regulasi terkait TSM, serta pendidikan politik pemilih oleh seluruh stakeholder.

Kata Kunci: Pilkada, Politik Uang, Pembuktian TSM.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DI DESA NAGA TIMBUL KECAMATAN TANJUNG MORAWA KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Zsazsa Cut Sah Kha Mei
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini diambil dari latarbelakang masalah yaitu masih rendahnya pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pembangunan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Desa Naga Timbul. Hal ini terlihat dari masih adanya masyarakat yang belum memiliki penghasilan mencukupi kebutuhannya, masyarakat cenderung mengandalkan bantuan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah, namun pemerintah tidak menjalankan dengan baik serta minat masyarakat rendah, hal ini terjadi dikarenakan pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan sumber daya manusia di Desa belum optimal dimanfaatkan, pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat masih minim. Rendahnya pemberdayaan masyarakat mempengaruhi pembangunan desa, untuk itu perlu adanya peningkatan pemberdayaan masyarakat oleh Pemerintah Desa. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah informan sebanyak 5 orang, Adapun teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pembangunan di Desa Naga Timbul tidak berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat dari hambatan yang dihadapi, terdapat dua faktor yaitu faktor internal, mencakup dana yang di butuhkan untuk melakukan kegiatan tidak kunjung turun oleh Pemerintah Desa, perangkat desa yang masih kurang melakukan kegiatan pemberdayaan, dan faktor eksternal yaitu masyarakatnya kurang minat mengikuti kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Desa,  karena faktor usia dan jarak ke kantor Desa. Adapun pembangunan desa yang belum dilakukan menyeluruh akibat adanya isu penyimpangan dana oleh Pemerintah Desa, sehingga pembangunan desa tertinggal dan belum termaksud desa maju serta kegiatan pemberdayaan diprioritaskan untuk pemberdayaan fisik seperti pembangunan jalan, sementara pemberdayaan non-fisik terkait dengan pelatihan resmi pemerintah desa dan PKK baik dibidang pertanian dan perdagangan belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya.

Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan; Masyarakat; Pembangunan Desa.
PERAN DINAS SOSIAL PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DALAM MENANGANI KEKERASAN TERHADAP ANAK DI KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR
Authors: Bestary Puja Ayuni , Toana Ahmad Averus , Nalien Elvira Mulya
Published: February 2023

Kekerasan terhadap anak di Kabupaten Tanah Datar termasuk dalam angka krisis, dimana kasus kekerasan terhadap anak terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, dalam lima tahun terakhir total kasus kekerasan terhadap anak terdapat 331 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran yang dijalankan dinas dalam menangani kekerasan terhadap anak di Kabupaten Tanah Datar, faktor yang menyebabkan terhambatnya proses penanganan dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan-hambatan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sementara itu, Teknik Analisis Data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian , penulis menyimpulkan bahwa dinas dalam menangani kekerasan terhadap anak belum optimal. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan sumber daya aparatur dan fasilitas penunjang anak, belum terbentuknya Lembaga Perlindungan Anak Terpadu Berbasis Masyarakat (PATBM) di semua desa, terhambatnya hubungan komunikasi antara dinas dengan aparat desa dan juga masyarakat, serta pandemi yang melanda saat ini.  Dari penelitian ini  diharapkan dinas dapat kembali menyusun analisis kebutuhan pegawai, dan analisis kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana penunjang perlindungan anak  baik di kantor maupun di Kabupaten Tanah Datar,  perlunya membangun komunikasi dengan masyarakat dengan sosialisasi melalui media cetak atau elektronik, radio, brosur, film pendek serta Forum Group Discussion dan mengajukan usulan kepada pemerintah daerah maupun provinsi untuk membangun rumah singgah yang berfungsi sebagai Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah.

Kata Kunci: Anak; Kekerasan; Peran.
STRATEGI BAGIAN PEMERINTAHAN DAN OTONOMI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN DALAM MENJALANKAN TUGAS POKOK DAN FUNGSI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Meiyenti Ira
Published: February 2023

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi organisasi pemerintahan daerah dalam penyelenggaraan tugas pokok dan fungsi dimasa Pandemi Covid-19. Kebijakan Pemerintahan Indonesia dalam rangka penanganan Covid-19 yang mempengaruhi tatanan kehidupan pemerintahan daerah. Sisa anggaran yang minim setelah kebijakan realokasi anggaran dan kuantitas sumber daya manusia yang tidak seimbang dengan tupoksi mengharuskan untuk melaksanakan beberapa strategi agar tetap mampu menyelenggarakan tupoksi dengan baik dan maksimal di masa Pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan sistematic literature review, wawancara semi terstruktur yang mendalam kepada 11 informan, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) serta observasi pada lokus penelitian. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan Matriks SWOT dengan melakukan perhitungan bobot, rating dan skor pada IFAS  (Internal  Factors  Analysis  Summary : Kekuatan (Strengths), Kelemahan (Weaknesses)) dan EFAS (External  Factors  Analysis  Summary: Peluang (Opportunities), dan Ancaman (Threats)). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prioritas strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh Bagian Pemerintahan Dan Otonomi Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Solok Selatan adalah Strategi Growth. Hal ini diperoleh dari perhitungan pembobotan indikator Strengths dan  Weaknesses (IFAS) dengan total skor sebesar 1,22 dan pembobotan indikator Opportunities dan Threats (EFAS) dengan total skor sebesar 1,39. Skor IFAS dan EFAS tersebut menunjukkan pada titik acuan matriks SWOT pada kuadran 1 yang merekomendasikan untuk melakukan prioritas strategi dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan (Strength) internal organisasi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari peluang (Opportunity) eksternal. Dengan demikian Bagian Pemerintahan Dan Otonomi Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Solok Selatan dapat menyelenggarakan tugas pokok dan fungsi secara maksimal dimasa Pandemi Covid-19.

 

Kata Kunci: Pemerintah Daerah, Pandemi Covid-19, Analisis SWOT
HIGH SCHOOL ZONING POLICY IMPACT ON TRANSPORTATION IN BANDUNG CITY WEST JAWA PROVINCE
Authors: Miharja Miming , Dewanti Anindita Putri , Desiana Renny
Published: February 2023

The enactment of the zoning policy through the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation (Number 14/2018) concerning the Admission of New Students states that the admission priority would be given to those who live within the radius of the closest zone from the school. From a transportation perspective, this policy has a potential positive impact in creating a more balanced school trip distribution pattern, and would further reduce the total trip length and improve transportation performance. Taking Bandung City as a case, this study aims to evaluate the impact of the Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru/PPDB (New Student Admission) based on zoning system policy on the travel distribution patterns of high school students in this city. The method used in this research is spatial distribution analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. The research performs a before-after analysis of comparison to analyze the impact of the policy on schooling trip distribution. The results show that the zoning policy stimulates the total change of the average schooling trip length of high school students in Bandung by 35%. This research also concludes that the schooling trip distribution pattern is no longer centered in the city center where favorite schools were located.

Keywords: Government Policy, School Zoning, Bandung City Transportation.
PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM KETAHANAN NASIONAL
Authors: Rumbekwan Margaretha , Tanamal Nini Adelina
Published: February 2023

Perempuan berperan penting dalam kesejahteraan masyarakat, baik dalam skala kecil seperti pembentukan keluarga maupun dalam pembangunan skala besar seperti pembangunan nasional. Pemberdayaan perempuan merupakan bagian integral dari upaya pembangunan nasional. Mengingat pesatnya perubahan sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi yang terjadi di dunia saat ini, pemberdayaan perempuan merupakan upaya berkelanjutan yang harus mengikuti perubahan tersebut. Perspektif keamanan nasional menekankan bahwa identitas nasional terkait erat dengan peran dan tanggung jawab perempuan, bahkan menjadi tolak ukur keberhasilan perempuan dari suatu bangsa. Jika seorang wanita baik, maka bangsa akan makmur; sebaliknya, jika dia tidak bertindak dengan baik, bangsa itu akan hancur. Di sinilah pentingnya peran perempuan dalam segala aspek kehidupan, khususnya dari perspektif keamanan nasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan wawasan tentang peran perempuan dalam ketahanan nasional guna mengembangkan dan mematangkan berbagai potensi dalam diri perempuan yang memungkinkan mereka memanfaatkan hak dan kesempatan yang sama dengan laki-laki, serta memanfaatkan hak dan kesempatan yang sama dalam kaitannya dengan pembangunan ketahanan nasional. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif data melalui review buku, jurnal, dan artikel yang ada. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun perempuan telah memberikan kontribusi dalam pembangunan, namun perannya tidak sebanding dengan jumlah perempuan dalam populasi. Masih terdapat berbagai persoalan yang mempengaruhi posisi perempuan di masyarakat. Menyikapi hal tersebut, penulis memberikan gambaran tentang peran perempuan dalam mewujudkan ketahanan nasional dalam kehidupan warga negara Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Peran; Wanita; Ketahanan Nasional.
MANAJEMEN EVENT PAGELARAN KESENIAN REOG DALAM MEWUJUDKAN TATA KELOLA LOGISTIK BIDANG PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Sukoco Johan Bhimo , Kinasih Wulan , Wangi Maya Sekar , Haryanto Aris Tri
Published: February 2023

Kabupaten Ponorogo dikenal dengan Kota Reyog. Kesenian reyog menjadi brand yang melekat dan telah terinternalisasi dalam kehidupan keseharian masyarakat di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Kabupaten Ponorogo memiliki 367 Paguyuban Reyog yang tersebar di berbagai pelosok desa dan kelurahan. Kuantitas ini menjadi potensi yang besar dalam mengembangkan tata kelola logistik bidang pariwisata di kabupaten tersebut. Namun demikian, seringkali event pagelaran reyog yang diselenggarakan di tingkat desa/kelurahan tidak memperhatikan kaidah, seperti kurangnya publikasi, yang mengakibatkan event ini kurang diketahui oleh wisatawan, baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan dan menganalisis tahapan manajemen event dalam pagelaran reyog di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Peneliti mengkajinya dengan pendekatan manajemen event yang dikemukakan Goldblatt (2014), meliputi 5 (lima) tahapan, yaitu: research, design, planning, coordination, dan evaluation. Pada penelitian ini, Skala Likert digunakan untuk mengukur persepsi responden tentang penyelenggaraan event. Adapun jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 23 orang, yang terdiri dari penonton maupun pemain pagelaran seni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum pagelaran kesenian Reyog di Kabupaten Ponorogo telah memenuhi kelima tahapan dalam manajemen event. Namun demikian, masih terdapat beberapa tahapan yang belum optimal, sehingga kedepannya perlu lebih diperhatikan, seperti perlunya pemetaan kebutuhan penonton dalam tahap research, peningkatan promosi dalam tahap coordination, hingga peluang penonton dalam memberikan kritik dan saran dalam tahap evaluation.
KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK: HOLISTIKASI DAN AKSELERASI GOOD GOVERNANCE
Authors: Rahimallah Muhammad Tanzil Aziz , Ricky Ricky
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan pentingnya keterbukaan informasi publik dalam rangka tercapainya good governance dan bagaimana upaya yang bisa dilakukan oleh Komisi Informasi Publik baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah dalam mendorong keterbukaan informasi publik dan terwujudnya masyarakat informasi di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan melakukan analisis terhadap isi (content analysis) dari konsep dan teori terkait keterbukaan informasi publik dan good governance sehingga bisa ditentukan korelasi antara keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan keterbukaan informasi publik menjadi salah satu cara paling ampuh dalam proses percepatan dan perluasan penerapan good governance (akuntabilitas, transparansi dan partisipasi masyarakat) dalam sistem pemerintahan di Indonesia. Disisi lain para pemangku kepentingan (stakeholder) hanya dapat bersinergi dan bekerja sama dalam kondisi yang jauh lebih kondusif saat tersedia akses informasi yang bersifat setara dan bisa diakses dengan bebas. Oleh karena itu mendorong peran dari lembaga yang menjamin dan bertanggung jawab terhadap terselenggaranya keterbukaan informasi publik dalam hal ini Komisi Informasi menjadi prioritas khususnya di era globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi seperti saat ini.
PENGEMBANGAN DESA SUKAPURA MENUJU SMART VILLAGE
Authors: Nurrahman Agung
Published: February 2023

Isu smart city menjadi isu yang hangat saat ini di Indonesia. Adapun bangunan utama dari terciptanya tatanan level kota yang baik adalah dengan baiknya level kelurahan dan atau desa sebagai batu bata penyususn bangunan tersebut. Oleh karenanya peneliti tertarik untuk mengambil fokus pada adopsi konsep smart village. Peneliti mengambil studi kasus pada Desa Sukapura. Desa ini memiliki beberapa keunikan, pertama diantaranya pada aspek website -sebagai perwujudan dari realitas virtual yang merupakan salah satu ciri khas pengembangan smart city- belum adanya website desa yang reliable; kedua, padahal desa tersebut disebut sebagai desa yang merepresentasikan smart village kabupaten Bandung; ketiga, jika ingin merujuk pada desa tersebut secara virtual, maka perlu mengandalkan situs pemerintah kabupaten yang juga teryata dinilai unreliable; keempat, belum adanya evaluasi mengenai ketercapaian konsep smart village pada desa tersebut. Dikarenakan hal tersebut, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengembangan desa menuju smart village di Desa Sukapura Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat; khususnya pada aspek smart government. Peneliti menggambarkan aspek dari pengembangan desa menuju smart village berdasarkan konsep dari T.V. Ramachandra, Ganesh Hegde, M.D. Subash Chandran, Tejaswini Ananth Kumar dan Vishnumayananda Swamiji (2015). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan desain atau rancangan kualitatif untuk mengetahui secara mendalam dan harapannya menyeluruh hasil dari pertanyaan penelitian. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan desa menuju smart village di Desa Sukapura belum dapat dikatakan cukup baik, khususnya apabila dilihat dari keempat dimensi pendukung dalam pengembangan desa menuju smart village, disimpulkan bahwa pada dimensi sumber daya, terdapat sumber daya manusia perangkat desa yang cukup mampu beradaptasi pada perubahan, dan terdapat peningkatan kualitas pendidikan masyarakat Desa Sukapura. Sementara pada dimensi teknologi, masih terdapat kendala ketergantungan terhadap pihak lain, termasuk kendala server yang error sehingga berimplikasi pada terhambatnya pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Pada dimensi institusi, pengembangan Desa Sukapura menuju smart village belum didukung oleh regulasi dan master plan yang jelas dalam bentuk Peraturan Daerah dan/atau Peraturan Desa Sukapura. Pada dimensi keberlanjutan, pemerintahan Desa Sukapura berkomitmen dalam mengembangkan desa dalam jangka panjang, namun perlu didukung oleh grand desain dan milestone yang jelas terkait arah dan tahapan dari smart village itu sendiri.

Kata Kunci: Pemerintah Cerdas, Pengembangan Desa Sukapura, Sukapura Smart village
G22.3023 Special Topics of Industrial Interest Network Design and Implementation Lecture Notes Spring 84 with revisions from G22.2263 Network Design and Implementation Lecture Notes Spring 91
Authors: Bernstein Herbert J. , Goldstein Max
Published: February 2023

These are lecture notes from a one semester course on Network Design taught at NYU in the 1980's. These notes were written by Dr. Herbert J. Bernstein and the late Professor Max Goldstein and, along with the companion lecture notes on Data Communications provide components essential to a more modern book that is under development. Even though, indeed especially because an extensive rewrite and extension is needed for the new work, making these lecture notes accessible is needed to connect the modern work to its past. We consider network topology, traffic management, local networks, long distance networks, heterogeneous interconnected networks, typical network designs (e.g. CCITT X.25, ARPANET, DECNET, SNA, ETHERNET), satellite systems, datagrams and virtual circuits, data base and file transfer subsystems, security, hardware and software constraints.
The Follower algorithm and a program using it to explore spaces
Authors: Andrews Lawrence C , Bernstein Herbert J
Published: February 2023

The Follower algorithm was developed to examine the properties of continuous functions and to verify their computer implementations. In particular, we studied measures for distances between unit cells.
PARSEME Meets Universal Dependencies: Getting on the Same Page in Representing Multiword Expressions
Authors: Savary Agata , Stymne Sara , Barbu Mititelu Verginica , Schneider Nathan , Ramisch Carlos , Nivre Joakim
Published: February 2023

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are challenging and pervasive phenomena whose idiosyncratic properties show notably at the levels of lexicon, morphology, and syntax. Thus, they should best be annotated jointly with morphosyntax. We discuss two multilingual initiatives, Universal Dependencies and PARSEME, addressing these annotation layers in cross-lingually unified ways. We compare the annotation principles of these initiatives with respect to MWEs, and we put forward a roadmap towards their gradual unification. The expected outcomes are more consistent treebanking and higher universality in modeling idiosyncrasy.
Zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-based hydrogel coating for drinking water distribution systems to inhibit adhesion of waterborne bacteria
Authors: Sójka Olga , van der Mei Henny C. , van Rijn Patrick , Gagliano Maria Cristina
Published: February 2023

Presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can be a nuisance, leading to several operational and maintenance issues (i.e., increased secondary disinfectants demand, pipe damage or increased flow resistance), and so far, no single control practice was found to be sufficiently effective. Here, we propose poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (P(SBMA))-based hydrogel coating application as a biofilm control strategy in DWDS. The P(SBMA) coating was synthetized through photoinitiated free radical polymerization on polydimethylsiloxane with different combinations of SBMA as a monomer, and N, N′-methylenebis (acrylamide) (BIS) as a cross-linker. The most stable coating in terms of its mechanical properties was obtained using 20% SBMA with a 20:1 SBMA:BIS ratio. The coating was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The anti-adhesive performance of the coating was evaluated in a parallel-plate flow chamber system against adhesion of four bacterial strains representing genera commonly identified in DWDS biofilm communities, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas. The selected strains exhibited varying adhesion behaviors in terms of attachment density and bacteria distribution on the surface. Despite these differences, after 4 h, presence of the P(SBMA)-based hydrogel coating significantly reduced the number of adhering bacteria by 97%, 94%, 98% and 99%, for Sphingomonas Sph5, Sphingomonas Sph10, Pseudomonas extremorientalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, compared to non-coated surfaces. These findings motivate further research into a potential application of a hydrogel anti-adhesive coating as a localized biofilm control strategy in DWDS, especially on materials known to promote excessive biofilm growth.
Actuation and design innovations in earthworm-inspired soft robots: A review
Authors: Liu Jianbin , Li Pengcheng , Zuo Siyang
Published: February 2023

Currently, soft robotics technologies are creating the means of robotic abilities and are required for the development of biomimetic robotics. In recent years, earthworm-inspired soft robot has garnered increasing attention as a major branch of bionic robots. The major studies on earthworm-inspired soft robots focuses on the deformation of the earthworm body segment. Consequently, various actuation methods have been proposed to conduct the expansion and contraction of the robot’s segments for locomotion simulation. This review article aims to act as a reference guide for researchers interested in the field of earthworm-inspired soft robot, and to present the current state of research, summarize current design innovations, compare the advantages and disadvantages of different actuation methods with the purpose of inspiring future innovative orientations for researchers. Herein, earthworm-inspired soft robots are classified into single- and multi-segment types, and the characteristics of various actuation methods are introduced and compared according to the number of matching segments. Moreover, various promising application instances of the different actuation methods are detailed along with their main features. Finally, motion performances of the robots are compared by two normalized metrics-speed compared by body length and speed compared by body diameter, and future developments in this research direction are presented.
Effect of pretreatment strategies on halophyte Atriplex crassifolia to improve saccharification using thermostable cellulases
Authors: Nawaz Ali , Qadoos Khadija , Haq Ikram Ul , Feng Yiwei , Mukhtar Hamid , Huang Rong , Jiang Kankan
Published: February 2023

Bioethanol is believed to be an influential revolutionary gift of biotechnology, owing to its elevating global demand and massive production. Pakistan is home to a rich diversity of halophytic flora, convertible into bounteous volumes of bioethanol. On the other hand, the accessibility to the cellulosic part of biomass is a major bottleneck in the successful application of biorefinery processes. The most common pre-treatment procedures existent include physicochemical and chemical approaches, which are not environmentally benign. To overcome these problems, biological pre-treatment has gained importance but the drawback is the low yield of the extracted monosaccharides. The current research was aimed at exploring the best pre-treatment method for the bioconversion of halophyte Atriplex crassifolia into saccharides using three thermostable cellulases. Atriplex crassifolia was subjected to acid, alkali and microwave pre-treatments, followed by compositional analysis of the pre-treated substrates. Maximum delignification i.e. 56.6% was observed in the substrate pre-treated using 3% HCl. Enzymatic saccharification using thermostable cellulases also validated the results where the highest saccharification yield i.e. 39.5% was observed for the sample pre-treated using same. Maximum enzymatic hydrolysis of 52.7% was obtained for 0.40 g of the pre-treated halophyte Atriplex crassifolia where Endo-1,4-β-glucanase (300U), Exo-1,4-β-glucanase (400U) and β-1,4-glucosidase (1000U) were simultaneously added and incubated for 6 h at 75°C. The reducing sugar slurry obtained after optimization of saccharification was utilized as glucose in submerged fermentation for bioethanol production. The fermentation medium was inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, incubated at 30°C and 180 rpm for 96 h. Ethanol production was estimated using potassium dichromate method. Maximum production of bioethanol i.e. 16.33% was noted at 72 h. It can be concluded from the study that Atriplex crassifolia owing to its high cellulosic content after pre-treatment using dilute acid method, yields substantial amount of reducing sugars and high saccharification rates when subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using thermostable cellulases, under optimized reaction conditions. Hence, the halophyte Atriplex crassifolia is a beneficial substrate that can be utilized to extract fermentable saccharides for bioethanol production.
Gamification tailored for novelty effect in distance learning during COVID-19
Authors: Kratochvil Tomas , Vaculik Martin , Macak Martin
Published: February 2023

The pandemic led to an increase of online teaching tools use. One such tool, which might have helped students to stay engaged despite the distance, is gamification. However, gamification is often criticized due to a novelty effect. Yet, others state novelty is a natural part of gamification. Therefore, we investigated whether gamification novelty effect brings incremental value in comparison to other novelties in a course. We created achievement- and socialization-based gamification connected to coursework and practice test. We then measured students’ behavioral engagement and performance in a quasi-experiment. On the one hand, results show ICT students engaged and performed moderately better in a gamified condition than in control over time. On the other hand, BA course results show no difference between gamified and practice test condition and their novelty effect. We conclude an external gamification system yields better results than a classical design but does not exceed practice tests effect.
Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes
Authors: Chang Ji Suk
Published: February 2023

Brown adipocytes is a specialized fat cell that dissipates nutrient-derived chemical energy in the form of heat, instead of ATP synthesis. This unique feature provides a marked capacity for brown adipocyte mitochondria to oxidize substrates independent of ADP availability. Upon cold exposure, brown adipocytes preferentially oxidize free fatty acids (FFA) liberated from triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets to support thermogenesis. In addition, brown adipocytes take up large amounts of circulating glucose, concurrently increasing glycolysis and de novo FA synthesis from glucose. Given that FA oxidation and glucose-derived FA synthesis are two antagonistic mitochondrial processes in the same cell, it has long been questioned how brown adipocytes run FA oxidation and FA synthesis simultaneously. In this review, I summarize mechanisms regulating mitochondrial substrate selection and describe recent findings of two distinct populations of brown adipocyte mitochondria with different substrate preferences. I further discuss how these mechanisms may permit a concurrent increase in glycolysis, FA synthesis, and FA oxidation in brown adipocytes.
Integrated analysis of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in response to sleep deprivation and diet-induced obesity
Authors: Lee Jibeom , Kang Jiseung , Kim Yumin , Lee Sunjae , Oh Chang-Myung , Kim Tae
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Sleep deprivation (SD) and obesity are common in modern societies. SD and obesity frequently coexist, but research on the combined consequences of SD and obesity has been limited. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota and host responses to SD and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. In addition, we attempted to identify key mediators of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups based on whether they were sleep deprived and whether they were fed a standard chow diet (SCD) or HFD. We then performed fecal microbiome shotgun sequencing, gut transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing, and brain mRNA expression analysis using the nanoString nCounter Mouse Neuroinflammation Panel.

Results

The gut microbiota was significantly altered by the HFD, whereas the gut transcriptome was primarily influenced by SD. Sleep and diet are both important in the inflammatory system of the brain. When SD and the HFD were combined, the inflammatory system of the brain was severely disrupted. In addition, inosine-5' phosphate may be the gut microbial metabolite that mediates microbiota-gut-brain interactions. To identify the major drivers of this interaction, we analyzed the multi-omics data. Integrative analysis revealed two driver factors that were mostly composed of the gut microbiota. We discovered that the gut microbiota may be the primary driver of microbiota-gut-brain interactions.

Discussion

These findings imply that healing gut dysbiosis may be a viable therapeutic target for enhancing sleep quality and curing obesity-related dysfunction.
Distinct roles of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2: A pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Chen Zhuoyuan , Yang Huiqin , Ren Yunfeng , Yang Ze , Huang Jiazheng , Li Cheng , Xiong Ying , Yu Bin
Published: February 2023

Introduction

AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins, encoded by ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes respectively, are the receptors of adiponectin secrected by adipose tissue. Increasing studies have identified the vital role of adipose tissue in various diseases, including cancers. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore the roles of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in cancers.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis for the roles of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 via several public databases, including expression differences, prognostic value, and the correlations with tumor microenvironment, epigenetic modification, and drug sensitivity.

Results

Both ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes are dysregulated in most cancers, but their genomic alteration frequencies are low. In addition, they are also correlated with the prognosis of some cancers. Although they are not strongly correlated with tumor mutation burden (TMB) or microsatellite instability (MSI), ADIPOR1/2 genes display a significant association with cancer stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, immune checkpoint genes (especially CD274 and NRP1), and drug sensitivity.

Discussion

ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 play critical roles in diverse cancers, and it is a potential strategy to treat tumors through targeting ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2.
Avidity engineering of human heavy-chain-only antibodies mitigates neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Du Wenjuan , Janssens Rick , Mykytyn Anna Z. , Li Wentao , Drabek Dubravka , van Haperen Rien , Chatziandreou Marianthi , Rissmann Melanie , van der Lee Joline , van Dortmondt Melissa , Martin Itziar Serna , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Hurdiss Daniel L. , Haagmans Bart L. , Grosveld Frank , Bosch Berend-Jan
Published: February 2023

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have accrued mutations within the spike protein rendering most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 ineffective. Hence there is an unmet need for broad-spectrum mAb treatments for COVID-19 that are more resistant to antigenically drifted SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we describe the design of a biparatopic heavy-chain-only antibody consisting of six antigen binding sites recognizing two distinct epitopes in the spike protein NTD and RBD. The hexavalent antibody showed potent neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern, including the Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5, whereas the parental components had lost Omicron neutralization potency. We demonstrate that the tethered design mitigates the substantial decrease in spike trimer affinity seen for escape mutations for the hexamer components. The hexavalent antibody protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model. This work provides a framework for designing therapeutic antibodies to overcome antibody neutralization escape of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Human monocyte-derived suppressive cells (HuMoSC) for cell therapy in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Samson Maxime , Genet Coraline , Corbera-Bellalta Marc , Greigert Hélène , Espígol-Frigolé Georgina , Gérard Claire , Cladière Claudie , Alba-Rovira Roser , Ciudad Marion , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine , Tarris Georges , Martin Laurent , Saas Philippe , Audia Sylvain , Bonnotte Bernard , Cid Maria C.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) relies on vascular inflammation and vascular remodeling, the latter being poorly controlled by current treatments.

Methods

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel cell therapy, Human Monocyte-derived Suppressor Cells (HuMoSC), on inflammation and vascular remodeling to improve GCA treatment. Fragments of temporal arteries (TAs) from GCA patients were cultured alone or in the presence of HuMoSCs or their supernatant. After five days, mRNA expression was measured in the TAs and proteins were measured in culture supernatant. The proliferation and migration capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were also analyzed with or without HuMoSC supernatant.

Results

Transcripts of genes implicated in vascular inflammation (CCL2, CCR2, CXCR3, HLADR), vascular remodeling (PDGF, PDGFR), angiogenesis (VEGF) and extracellular matrix composition (COL1A1, COL3A1 and FN1) were decreased in arteries treated with HuMoSCs or their supernatant. Likewise, concentrations of collagen-1 and VEGF were lower in the supernatants of TAs cultivated with HuMoSCs. In the presence of PDGF, the proliferation and migration of VSMCs were both decreased after treatment with HuMoSC supernatant. Study of the PDGF pathway suggests that HuMoSCs act through inhibition of mTOR activity. Finally, we show that HuMoSCs could be recruited in the arterial wall through the implication of CCR5 and its ligands.

Conclusion

Altogether, our results suggest that HuMoSCs or their supernatant could be useful to decrease vascular in flammation and remodeling in GCA, the latter being an unmet need in GCA treatment.