bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New directions in transnational gentrification: Tourism-led, state-led and lifestyle-led urban transformations
Authors: Sigler Thomas , Wachsmuth David
Published: September 2020

Transnational gentrification is class-based neighbourhood change driven by relatively affluent international migrants. In contrast to the conventional globalisation narrative in which people are significantly more place-bound than capital flows, transnational gentrification suggests that a globally mobile capitalist class has been in large part responsible for rapid change in many urban neighbourhoods. Observations of transnational gentrification have accelerated over the past decade, with scholarly accounts reporting on cases in disparate locations – particularly those in Latin America and the Mediterranean with ‘charming’ old-world architecture, significant cultural amenity and rents below OECD averages. In this article we attribute transnational gentrification in the 21st century to three primary drivers: new forms of tourism and short-term rentals; state-led initiatives to revitalise urban neighbourhoods and catalyse economic activity; and lifestyle-driven migration and new forms of consumption. We argue that transnational gentrification is not simply an outcome of a globalised ‘rent gap’ but instead a product of a new global residential imaginary coupled with enhanced possibilities for transnational mobility facilitated by digital platforms and state-led efforts to extract new forms of rent from particular neighbourhoods. We conclude by offering a number of potential avenues for future research, many of which resonate with key themes that emerged decades ago as gentrification first began to transform cities and urban policy.
Toughness improvement of poly(lactic acid) by the addition of pre-crosslinked powdered nitrile rubber/CaCO3 for thermoforming molding
Authors: de Almeida Janaína Fernandes Moreno , de Oliveira Amanda Gerhardt , de Sousa Ana Maria Furtado , Fernandes Teresa Maria Dias , Bertolino Luiz Carlos , Pacheco Elen BA Vasques , da Silva Ana Lúcia Nazareth
Published: September 2020

Polylactide (PLA) is an eco-friendly biodegradable thermoplastic with excellent processability, demanding less energy to be produced compared to the petroleum-based polymers. However, PLA has drawbacks that impose some restrictions of uses use such as poor toughness property. Blending PLA with other polymers is a more practical and economic way to improve its toughness. The present study assessed the effect of the addition of the pre-crosslinked powdered nitrile rubber (NBR) containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and extruder screw rotation on the mechanical, rheological, morphological and thermal properties of polylactide (PLA) by using a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) analysis, which provides statistical support for the experimental data. The results showed that NBR/CaCO3 can be used as toughness modifier for PLA. This property improved due to the increase in energy expended to deform the material and generate cracks, as showed in the impact and morphological analyzes. Despite this improvement, the presence of CaCO3 caused a slight decline in the thermal resistance of the composites. The influence of rubber (NBR/CaCO3) content in PLA matrix on rheological properties, such as elongation viscosity, melt strength and drawability was also investigated. The results showed that the composition PLA/NBR/CaCO3 with higher NBR/CaCO3 content can be used in thermoforming applications.
Using “Make & Take Quizzes” to Improve Exam Performance and Engage Students in Effective Study Strategies
Authors: Gallagher Kristel M.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Most students rely on ineffective study habits to learn material instead of using evidence-based strategies known to improve learning.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a novel in-class quizzing strategy (i.e., Make & Take Quizzes) that was intentionally designed to engage students in evidence-based study strategies.

Method:

Final exam grades between sections of identical courses where students completed ( N = 74) or did not complete ( N = 73) Make & Take Quizzes were compared. Changes in the use of study strategies from the beginning to the end of the semester in two courses where students completed the quizzes were also examined.

Results:

Students in Make & Take Quiz sections significantly outperformed those in sections without the quizzes. Students’ overall strategies for studying did not significantly change; however, there were significant improvements in the specific strategies of deciding on the main ideas when studying and putting ideas into one’s own words when studying.

Conclusion:

Make & Take Quizzes appear to help students learn course material, while also engaging them in the use of specific study strategies.

Teaching Implications:

An easy-to-implement strategy, instructors can engage students in the effective use of evidence-based study strategies by incorporating Make & Take Quizzes in their courses.
Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma of the Cervical Esophagus: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zhu Weiyu , Zhang Hongbo , Yang Xinming
Published: September 2020

This study presents a case of Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma arising in the cervical esophagus of a 36-year-old woman who presented with cervical mass and dysphagia. Imaging studies demonstrated a well-defined, cystic-solid mass in the neck extending into the upper mediastinum, which results in deviation of the trachea and esophagus. The relationship between the tumor and the cervical esophagus was found in the operation. The patient underwent localized tumor resection without radical esophagectomy. The accurate diagnosis was obtained by the immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic assay. Although this is a rare site for this type of tumor to occur, extraosseous Ewing sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors of the cervical esophagus. The postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy are of great value in improving the prognosis of cervical esophageal Ewing sarcoma.
Ulcerative Warthin Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hung Chuan-Jen , Kang Bor-Hwang , Wang Jyh-Seng , Lin Yaoh-Shiang
Published: September 2020

Warthin tumor with ulceration of the surrounding skin is extremely rare, making it difficult to differentiate from parotid cancer in the clinical setting. We report a 65-year-old man with a Warthin tumor in the right parotid gland that had ulceration of the overlying skin. The patient presented with right upper neck mass 2 years ago. Ultrasound and fine needle aspiration were done, and Warthin tumor was suspected. One year later, the mass was enlarged with ulceration of the skin. Superficial parotidectomy with fusiform excision of the skin was performed, and histopathological diagnosis revealed a Warthin tumor with inflammatory change. We proposed that this unique manifestation may have been induced by fine needle aspiration, enlargement of the tumor, and ischemic changes secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Virtual Reality–Based Social Skills Training for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ke Fengfeng , Moon Jewoong , Sokolikj Zlatko
Published: September 2020

In this study, the researchers explored the usage of a virtual reality (VR)–based social skills learning environment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using OpenSimulator, the researchers constructed a desktop VR-based learning environment that supports social-oriented role-play, gaming, and design by children with ASD. Seven 10–14 years old children with ASD participated in this VR-based social skills program for 20+ hr on average. Data were collected via screen recording and observation of play- and design-oriented social skills enactment and pre- and postintervention Social Communication and Skills Questionnaires. Participants demonstrated an increased level of successful social skills performance from the baseline to the intervention phase. The findings provided preliminary evidence for the usage of a VR-based social skills learning environment for children with ASD.
Smartwatch Executive Function Supports for Students With ID and ASD
Authors: Wright Rachel E. , McMahon Don D. , Cihak David F. , Hirschfelder Kathryn
Published: September 2020

This study examined the use of a wearable smartwatch-based intervention to support the executive functioning needs of college students with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. The study was designed to address the universal design for learning guidelines and checkpoints for Provide options for Executive Functions. Three students with intellectual disability, two on the autism spectrum, participated in this multiple-probe across participants with an embedded ABAB design to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the smartwatch intervention and the percentage of tasks completed independently. Students were taught to use a wearable smartwatch device to enter novel appointments for the coming week and the associated tasks. All students self-operated the wearable device to enter appointments, attend appointments on time, and complete associated tasks. Results are discussed in the context of applying new technology applications to assist individuals with intellectual disability and autism to self-manage technological supports to learn new skills, set reminders, and enhance independence.
Effects of Sequential Prepaid Incentives on Response Rates, Data Quality, Sample Representativeness, and Costs in a Mail Survey of Physicians
Authors: Dykema Jennifer , Stevenson John , Assad Nadia , Kniss Chad , Taylor Catherine A.
Published: September 2020

While collecting high quality data from physicians is critical, response rates for physician surveys are frequently low. A proven method for increasing response in mail surveys is to provide a small, prepaid monetary incentive in the initial mailing. More recently, researchers have begun experimenting with adding a second cash incentive in a follow-up contact in order to increase participation among more reluctant respondents. To assess the effects of sequential incentives on response rates, data quality, sample representativeness, and costs, physicians (N = 1,500) were randomly assigned to treatments that crossed the amount of a first ($5 or $10) and second ($0, $5, or $10) incentive to form the following groups: Group $5/$5; Group $5/$10; Group $10/$0; Group $10/$5; and Group $10/$10. Overall, second incentives were associated with higher response rates and lower costs per completed survey, and while they had no effect on item nonresponse, they increased sample representativeness.
Interdependences Between Cryptocurrencies: A Network Analysis from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Schinckus Christophe , Duy Dang Pham Thien , Canh Nguyen Phuc
Published: September 2020

Through a data-driven analysis, namely network analysis, we investigate the relationships between all existing cryptocurrencies. Starting from the analysis of cryptocurrencies in 2013, we extend our study until July 2018 to study the interdependencies between 1636 cryptocurrencies. Our study shows that, although Bitcoin is the older and the most famous cryptocurrency, it does not appear as an influential asset on the virtual currency market. Our analysis also indicates a densification of the interconnections between virtual currencies, indicating that change of a single coin will likely influence many other coins. Interestingly, we also observe that the most influential cryptocurrencies for a year appear not to be influential the following year. Finally, cryptocurrencies tend to change their influence over time suggesting a short-term interdependence between them.

JEL: G11, G12
Computed tomography contrast enhancement pattern of the uterus in premenopausal women in relation to menstrual cycle and hormonal contraception
Authors: Angelopoulos Konstantinos , Palmér Magnus , Gull Berit , Lundqvist Niklas , Kopelia Linda , Hellström Mikael , Leonhardt Henrik
Published: September 2020

Background

There are different types of computed tomography (CT) contrast enhancement patterns of the uterus. It is not known whether these are hormonally dependent.

Purpose

To assess the relationship between these patterns and the menstrual cycle in non-users of hormonal contraception, and the possible impact of hormonal contraception.

Material and Methods

Prospective observational study of abdominal CT scans of 53 premenopausal women of whom 28 were non-users and 25 users of hormonal contraception. The non-users were divided according to menstrual cycle phase: follicular (n = 12); ovulatory (n = 1); and luteal (n = 12). The pattern and intensity of contrast enhancement of the uterine myometrium were assessed.

Results

The dominant pattern of contrast enhancement of the myometrium was the diffuse homogeneous type in both non-users and users. The intensity of the enhancement measured in Hounsfield units (HU) was higher in the follicular phase (median 102, range 73–130) compared to the luteal phase in non-users (median 92, range 57–130); however this was not statistically significant ( P = 0.2). The HU values observed in users (median 95, range 45–160) were at the same levels compared to those of the luteal phase in non-users.

Conclusion

The dominant pattern of contrast enhancement in the portal venous phase of the myometrium in fertile ages is the diffuse homogeneous type and is independent of menstrual cycle phase or the use of hormonal contraception. However, these factors seem to play a role in the intensity of contrast enhancement, with a tendency of higher HU values in the follicular phase of non-users.
Resveratrol prevents TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 upregulation in endothelial progenitor cells via reduction of NF-κB activation
Authors: Zhang Yefei , Liu Huahua , Tang Weiliang , Qiu Qiongya , Peng Jiahao
Published: September 2020

Objective

To assess the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) following tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation.

Methods

EPCs were treated with RSV and stimulated with TNF-α. A mononuclear cell (MNC) adhesion assay was used to assess the effects of RSV on TNF-α-induced MNC adhesion. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin expression levels and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation were assessed by immunoblotting.

Results

MNC adhesion to TNF-α-treated EPCs and VCAM-1/ICAM-1/E-selectin levels in EPCs were increased following TNF-α stimulation and decreased following RSV treatment. TNF-α enhanced NF-κB inhibitor α (IκB-α) phosphorylation in the cytosol as well as nuclear NF-κB p65 levels, both of which were decreased by RSV.

Conclusions

These findings provide new insights into RSV’s anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. RSV’s mechanism of action might involve downregulation of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin by partial blockade of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and IκB-α phosphorylation in EPCs.
Forestation does not necessarily reduce soil erosion in a karst watershed in southwestern China
Authors: Feng Siwen , Wu Lu , Liang Boyi , Wang Hongya , Liu Hongyan , Zhu Chenyi , Li Shuai
Published: September 2020

Forestation as part of the Returning Farmland to Forest Project was implemented to mitigate soil erosion in southwestern China. However, whether forestation has effectively reduced soil erosion in southwestern China remains unclear, mostly because of the lack of monitoring forest cover change and soil erosion at watershed scales. We interpreted forest cover change from satellite images and simulated soil erosion changes for the period of 1986–2018 in the Chong’an River Basin with the Water and Tillage Erosion Model and Sediment Delivery Model. Our results show that the change in forest cover has the highest correlation coefficient with the sediment yield in the watershed, with an obvious inverse phase relationship between them for all the simulated years. From 2002 to 2014, large-scale forestation and frequent droughts caused the forest cover to vary, resulting in significant changes in the annual soil erosion amount. Because crevices favoring tree growth are more developed in limestone than in dolomite, the forest cover reduction on dolomite is significantly higher than that on limestone under severe droughts in karst areas. Our study implied that the function of forestation in preventing soil erosion depends on lithology in karst areas.
The “New” Neoclassical International Political Economy of Macroprudential Regulation and Capital Controls: “Style” over “Substance”
Authors: Rafferty Devin T.
Published: September 2020

A “new” neoclassical international political economy (NNIPE) emerged from the 2008 financial crisis showing how macroprudential regulation and capital controls (MPR-CC) can eliminate the systemic risk behind endogenous financial cycles. An implication of this is that decentralized capitalism is inherently financially unstable, which appears to make inroads with heterodox traditions. However, this paper demonstrates that NNIPE represents a superficial, rhetorical appearance of theoretical improvement, as represented in its “style,” while the “substance” of its underlying assumptions and mechanisms remain mired in neoclassicism. Moreover, it grew out of ideologically-motivated ideational change at the International Monetary Fund.
In search of civil society: From peasant populism to postpeasant illiberalism in provincial Hungary
Authors: Hann Chris
Published: September 2020

The need to rebuild civil society was a prominent theme in dissident writings in East-Central Europe in late socialism, but the revival of this concept deserves close scrutiny and local contextualization. This article identifies two currents in Hungarian debates, one focused on addressing problems of backwardness by opening up paths of material embourgeoisement and the other on abstract liberal notions of associational freedom. It then outlines successive transformations of economic and social life in a small Hungarian town where no industry existed prior to socialism and the dominant political forces were populist in the sense of ‘peasantism’. The agrarian and industrial transformations of the socialist decades were undone in the 1990s. In the 2010s, under governments led by Viktor Orbán, it is argued that norms of civility have been threatened by postpeasant illiberalism. If civil society was the gauntlet laid down to social theorists by East-Central Europe in 1989, the challenge posed by this region nowadays is the theorization of incivility and a new brand of populism. It is suggested that these political processes are driven by the collapse of socialist embourgeoisement and the emergence of a new national bourgeoisie under peripheral capitalism, and that some of the moral responsibility for these developments lies with the unwavering intellectual enthusiasts of abstract liberalism.
Music Therapy Interventions in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pérez-Eizaguirre Miren , Vergara-Moragues Esperanza
Published: September 2020

Background:

Palliative care is an interdisciplinary medical approach for people with illnesses that are unresponsive to curative treatment. Music therapy has been gaining ground in this field since the 1970s, with a not-always-standardized range of interventions and musical techniques.

Objective:

The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze interventions with music therapy and new developments in this area in the field of palliative care.

Methods:

The primary source of data for this review was the online database Web of Science (WOS). We also used other databases such as Medline and Scopus. A systematic search was performed of the past 6 years following the PRISMA criteria.

Results:

From a selection of 310 documents, we reviewed 54 completed articles and included 19 studies in the review. The percentage of agreement in the selection of articles was 87.5% and the Cohen Kappa index of inter-rater reliability was 0.727. In 5 of the articles, the musical interventions were not specified. However, in the remaining 14 they were, including new developments such as use of the monochord and the body tambura, and adaptation of the RBL (Rhythm, Breath & Lullaby) method.

Conclusions:

There has been notable improvement in the specification of musical interventions during music therapy sessions in palliative care. However, articles in this field need to describe how these techniques are carried out and any new developments. All this without forgetting that the patient’s musical preferences are a fundamental aspect when performing music therapy sessions.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Patient, Family Carer and Healthcare Professionals’ Direct Experiences and Barriers to Providing and Integrating Palliative Care for Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Mayland Catriona Rachel , Doughty Hannah C. , Rogers Simon N. , Gola Anna , Mason Stephen , Hubbert Cathy , Macareavy Dominic , Jack Barbara A.
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

To report on direct experiences from advanced head and neck cancer patients, family carers and healthcare professionals, and the barriers to integrating specialist palliative care.

Methods:

Using a naturalistic, interpretative approach, within Northwest England, a purposive sample of adult head and neck cancer patients was selected. Their family carers were invited to participate. Healthcare professionals (representing head and neck surgery and specialist nursing; oncology; specialist palliative care; general practice and community nursing) were recruited. All participants underwent face-to-face or telephone interviews. A thematic approach, using a modified version of Colazzi’s framework, was used to analyze the data.

Results:

Seventeen interviews were conducted (9 patients, 4 joint with family carers and 8 healthcare professionals). Two main barriers were identified by healthcare professionals: “lack of consensus about timing of Specialist Palliative Care engagement” and “high stake decisions with uncertainty about treatment outcome.” The main barrier identified by patients and family carers was “lack of preparedness when transitioning from curable to incurable disease.” There were 2 overlapping themes from both groups: “uncertainty about meeting psychological needs” and “misconceptions of palliative care.”

Conclusions:

Head and neck cancer has a less predictable disease trajectory, where complex decisions are made and treatment outcomes are less certain. Specific focus is needed to define the optimal way to initiate Specialist Palliative Care referrals which may differ from those used for the wider cancer population. Clearer ways to effectively communicate goals of care are required potentially involving collaboration between Specialist Palliative Care and the wider head and neck cancer team.
Influence of Early Lactation Assistance on Inpatient Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates
Authors: Gray Keyaria D. , Hannon Emily A. , Erickson Elizabeth , Stewart Ariana B. , Wood Charles T. , Fisher Kimberley , Shaikh Sophie K. , Tanaka David
Published: September 2020

Background

Human milk feeding reduces the incidence and costs of several maternal and childhood illnesses. Initiation and success of human milk feeding are influenced by race, socioeconomic status, and family support. The influence of early in-hospital lactation assistance in breastfeeding success has been not well described.

Research aims

We aimed to determine how suspected known factors influencing breastfeeding success influence in-hospital human milk feeding rates. Second, we aimed to examine how timing of lactation assistance is related to success of human milk feeding during the newborn hospitalization for healthy infants.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of term infants born between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016 at a large tertiary academic hospital. We considered “success” to be 100% human milk feeding during the birth hospitalization, and compared differences in success by demographics, payor, race, and initial feeding preference. Influences of lactation assistance on success were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Mean success with exclusive human milk feeding among 7,370 infants was 48.9%, ( n = 3,601). Successful participants were more likely to be 39–40 weeks’ gestation (64.9%, n = 2,340), non-Hispanic/non-Latino (80.0%, n = 2,882), and using private insurance (69.2%, n = 2,491). Participants who had early feeding assisted by an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) before being fed any formula were more likely to be successful than participants who had a feeding assisted by a non-IBCLC nurse (80% vs. 40% respectively).

Conclusions

Success for exclusive human milk feeding during newborn hospitalization is strongly associated with several factors. Early intervention with IBCLCs can greatly improve breastfeeding success.
Predicting Homophily and Social Network Connectivity From Dyadic Behavioral Similarity Trajectory Clusters
Authors: Sepulvado Brandon , Wood Michael Lee , Fridmanski Ethan , Wang Cheng , Chandler Matthew J. , Lizardo Omar , Hachen David
Published: September 2020

The similarity between pairs of people is often measured on relatively static traits and at a given point in time. Moving beyond this approach, a burgeoning line of research is investigating temporal dyadic similarity on traits and behaviors, such as health activities. Our study contributes to this line of inquiry by using fine-grained longitudinal data obtained from sensors, mobile devices, and surveys to examine whether we can observe distinct types of dyadic similarity trajectories based on physical activity, and if so, what dyad-level properties predict membership in each trajectory class. Treating daily differences in the steps for dyads as time series, we use k-shape clustering to identify classes of similarity trajectories and logistic regression to examine the link between trajectory class and key dyad-level factors. We identify 21 dyadic trajectory clusters and find that trajectory membership predicts dyadic connectivity in the communication network, as well as racial and religious—but not gender-based—similarity. We conclude by noting how research on dyadic similarity trajectories can be further integrated with ongoing work in social network analysis.
Effects of Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Characteristics on Postgraduate Year 1 Residency Match Rates
Authors: Censi Marisa , Rhodes Nathaniel J. , Gettig Jacob P. , Lullo Amy , Borchert Jill
Published: September 2020

Background:

Mentors often provide advice to students regarding selection of Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) rotations to strengthen their candidacy for a residency position. However, the impact of APPE characteristics on the chances of matching is unknown.

Objective:

To determine the impact of APPE characteristics on Post Graduate Year-1 (PGY1) residency match rates at a Midwest US college of pharmacy.

Methods:

Graduates from a single college of pharmacy who participated in the PGY1 match in 2015 or 2016 were included. Match data were obtained from National Matching Services. APPE characteristics (e.g., rotation timing relative to the Midyear Clinical Meeting [MCM], rotation type, and setting) were stratified by matched status. Independent predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression and tree-based models.

Results:

Ninety-nine students were included with 57 matching (57.6%). Students completing an infectious diseases rotation (75 vs. 51%; p = 0.028), a hospital rotation before the MCM (67 vs. 47%; p = 0.039), or a rotation in an ambulatory care clinic (67 vs. 47%; p = 0.045) were more likely to match. Students completing an independent community pharmacy rotation were less likely to match (8.3 vs. 64%; p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, all of these factors were associated with the likelihood of matching except completion of an infectious diseases ( p = 0.077) or ambulatory care rotation ( p = 0.073).

Conclusion:

A hospital rotation prior to the MCM was positively associated with matching while completion of an independent community pharmacy rotation was associated with non-matched status. The utility of these findings in guiding APPE selections for students pursing residency should be explored.
Navigating babysitting as liminal, gendered, and undervalued work
Authors: Easterbrook Riley , Raby Rebecca , Lehmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Babysitting is a common early-work experience in the West, yet there is little research on babysitters. From in-depth, qualitative interviews with 16 babysitters, we explore three themes related to liminality and gender inequality in babysitting. First, babysitting is a skilled job; many babysitters undertook formal and informal training and used it at work. Second, babysitters occupy a liminal position between childhood and adulthood, bringing challenges and opportunities at work. Finally, babysitters thoughtfully negotiate pay, but sometimes experience challenges doing so.
Influence of welding gases and filler metals on hybrid laser-GMAW and Laser-FCAW welds
Authors: Wallerstein D , Vaamonde E , Prada A , Torres EA , Urtiga Filho SL , Santos TFA
Published: September 2020

Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding (HLAW) is a relatively new joining technique that combines advantages from both laser beam welding and arc welding. The interaction between laser beam and arc welding provides advantageous synergic effects, especially for thick joints. On the other hand, this interaction brings extra complexity to HLAW, limiting its acceptance in industry. Therefore, it is still necessary to elucidate some features of HLAW, such as the influence of parameters and consumables on the characteristics of the resulting joints. In the present study, the effects of welding gases (Ar + CO2 in different proportions) and filler metals (solid and flux-cored wires) on thick S355 structural steel joints are assessed. The best welds in terms of geometric characteristics, microstructures, and mechanical behavior were fabricated with high CO2 content welding gases and flux-cored welding wires. The use of flux-cored wires promoted higher penetration, lower hardness, and formation of acicular ferrite, avoiding the formation of martensite encountered in joints welded with solid wires. Moreover, the application of flux-cored wires could lead to cost savings in future applications, by reducing the laser power required to produce sound joints.
Associations Between Secondhand Smoke and Mental Health in Korean Adolescents
Authors: Kim Boyoung , Kim Hae Ran
Published: September 2020

This study assessed secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmokers and examined its association with mental health in Korean adolescents. We used the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2018 to extract data and analyzed 60 040 adolescents through three secondhand smoke exposure categories: home, school, and public places. Mental health included stress, insufficient sleep, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Secondhand smoke exposure was reported at 23.0% for home, 20.0% for school, and 51.4% for public places. Secondhand smoke exposures were associated with stress insufficient sleep, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, in the stratified analysis, secondhand smoke exposure was related to poor mental health in both nonsmokers and smokers. Based on the results, we concluded that Korean adolescents may experience poor mental health symptoms from being exposed to secondhand smoke.
Republication of: Philosophy Rediscovered: Exploring the Connections Between Teaching Philosophies, Educational Philosophies, and Philosophy
Authors: Beatty Joy E. , Leigh Jennifer S. A. , Lund Dean Kathy
Published: September 2020

Teaching philosophy statements reflect our personal values, connect us to those with shared values in the larger teaching community, and inform our classroom practices. In this article, we explore the often-overlooked foundations of teaching philosophies, specifically philosophy and historical educational philosophies. We review three elements of pure philosophy and five seminal educational philosophies to help readers ground their personal philosophies in both a theoretical and historical context. We illustrate how core elements of one’s teaching philosophy can influence course design and the classroom environment. We suggest that teachers can develop greater authenticity in the classroom by deepening their understanding of their own philosophical ideas and beliefs.
Increased Incidence of Ophthalmologic Findings in Children With Concurrent Isolated Nonsyndromic Metopic Suture Abnormalities and Deformational Cranial Vault Asymmetry
Authors: Roider Laura , Ungerer Garrett , Shock Leslie , Aldridge Kristina , Al-Samarraie Mohannad , Tanaka Tomoko , Muzaffar Arshad
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this project was to study the incidence of ophthalmologic findings which are known to be risk factors for amblyopia in children who have coexisting metopic suture abnormalities and deformational plagiocephaly (DP) and brachycephaly (DB).

Design:

Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective study reviewing records of a consecutive cohort of children under 2 years of age with metopic suture abnormalities and cranial vault asymmetries seen in both the plastic surgery and ophthalmology clinics from 2007 to 2017.

Setting:

Institutional tertiary care center with all care in plastic surgery under the senior author and the standard of care accepted in pediatric ophthalmology under one of two ophthalmologists.

Patients:

After application of exclusion criteria, 76 children diagnosed with metopic suture abnormalities and DP/DB were included in the study. Patients with severe trigonocephaly, other suture involvement, syndromic diagnoses, and primary ocular disorders were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures:

Describe the incidences of refractive errors (astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia), anisometropia, strabismus, and amblyopia within the study population.

Results:

In our patient population, the rates of amblyopia (17.1%) and strabismus (15.8%) are higher than the general pediatric population rates of 1.5% to 1.8% and 2.4% to 3.6%, respectively. Overall, 47.4% had significant refractive error: 28.9% with astigmatism, 15.8% with hyperopia, 5.3% with myopia, and 10.5% with anisometropia.

Conclusions:

In our patient population, children with coexisting metopic suture abnormalities and DP or DB had significant risk for amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive errors.
Online Cleft Educational Videos: Parent Preferences
Authors: Spoyalo Karina , Courtemanche Rebecca J. M. , Henkelman Erika
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Determine what parents of children with cleft lip and palate value in online educational videos and evaluate whether their needs are currently being met.

Design:

Focus groups and telephone interviews were used to define parent information needs, followed by an evaluation of whether currently available YouTube videos meet these needs.

Setting:

British Columbia Children’s Hospital multidisciplinary cleft clinic.

Participants:

Twenty-four parents of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate.

Results:

Parents desired videos that are accessible, trustworthy, relatable, and positive. Parents preferred a series of short videos addressing relevant topics as their child grows. Currently available YouTube videos only partially met these needs, with underrepresented topics including hearing, dentition, and surgeries for older children.

Conclusions:

While access and validity of video resources can be improved by directing patients and families to appropriate videos, some parent needs remain unmet.
Seismic motion control of structures using an adaptive optimal model-free controller
Authors: Sourni Saeid , Batmani Yazdan , Karami Kaveh
Published: September 2020

One of the major challenges in the real-time control of structures is the uncertainty in identifying the mechanical properties of the system, including mass, stiffness, and damping. However, the presence of uncertainty in time-varying systems (under severe environmental factors, the dynamic characteristics of the system change due to damage) is more noticeable. In this article, to deal with the problem of parametric uncertainties in seismic motion control of structures, an adaptive optimal controller is applied. The design procedure of the controller is straightforward, and there is no need to have the values of the structural parameters. In the proposed scheme, only the states of the system are measured, and it is not necessary to use the ground acceleration data which are difficult to be measured in real time. It is shown that the performance of the designed controller converges to the well-known linear quadratic regulator. Simulation results reveal that considerable reductions of the dynamic responses during the earthquakes are achieved using the utilized adaptive optimal controller, and also it is robust against any variation in the structural parameters due to the damages.
Primary Lung Cribriform Adenocarcinoma With Squamoid Morules Harboring Somatic CTNNB1 Mutation in a Never-Smoked Healthy Adolescent
Authors: Wu Hao , Ye Qiqi , Razzano Dana , Tugal Oya , Rosenblum Jeremy , Weigel Tracey , Zhong Minghao
Published: September 2020

Primary lung adenocarcinomas are rare in pediatric patients, and even rarer in patients without precedent malignancy or congenital malformation. Here we present the first reported case of primary lung cribriform adenocarcinoma with squamoid morules in a previously healthy adolescent female. Molecular testing identified CTNNB1 mutation in the tumor and excluded other common mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Our case suggests molecular alterations to the same signaling pathway can lead to similar histomorphology regardless of the tissue of origin.
Prophylaxis of Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation From Energy-Based Device Treatments: A Review
Authors: Wong Ian T.Y. , Richer Vincent
Published: September 2020

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is an acquired hypermelanosis that can result from inflammatory dermatologic disease, trauma, or iatrogenesis from procedures. This condition disproportionately affects individuals with skin of color, and it can place a significant psychosocial burden on affected patients. The management of PIH is, therefore, of great interest to clinicians, especially dermatologists. The treatment of established PIH has long been a principal focus within the literature, with publications on the topic outnumbering publications on prophylaxis of PIH. Prophylaxis strategies to prevent PIH vary greatly in clinical practice, likely due to the absence of an evidence-based consensus. Published approaches to PIH prophylaxis include pretreatment (topical alpha hydroxy acids, retinoids, hydroquinone, and brimonidine) and post-treatment strategies (photoprotection, corticosteroids, and tranexamic acid). This review will examine the current literature on prophylaxis of PIH from energy-based device treatments.
Learning from the COVID-19 home-schooling experience: Listening to pupils, parents/carers and teachers
Authors: Bubb Sara , Jones Mari-Ana
Published: September 2020

In Spring 2020, schools in many countries had to close in response to the COVID-19 virus pandemic and move to remote teaching. This paper explores the views of pupils, parents/carers and teachers of ‘home-school’ in one Norwegian municipality, gathered through parallel online surveys in April 2020 during the peak of the COVID-19 lockdown period. It finds that adaptation happened very quickly and that home-school was well received by pupils and parents. There was more creative learning, better progress, more useful feedback and greater student independence. School leaders reported that they wanted to implement changes based on the experience of remote learning enforced by the lockdown, so that the crisis has become an opportunity for grassroots innovation.
Internetica: Poetry in the digital age
Authors: Shakargy Noa
Published: September 2020

This article proposes a new conceptual framework for understanding poetry in the age of the internet. By combining literary and technologic theories into one theory named ‘Internetica’, it typifies the structures and roles of internet poetry and poets. A grounded analysis of 200 poems revealed three types of web poems: poems about the internet, poems first published on the internet, and poems written through the internet. The analysis presents various distinctions among these three types of poems, including their subjects, length, and originality. An integrative analysis of these categories allows for a redefinition of the role of poets in the digital age as playing witnesses: ever-present internet users, who, thanks to their creativity, witness the medium while playing with it by using the tools that it offers them.
Effects of guardrails on wind environment for vehicles and aerodynamic stability for bridges with box girders
Authors: Guo Junjie , Tang Haojun , Li Yongle , Wang Zewen
Published: September 2020

Normally strong winds in mountainous areas possess potential threats to the safety of vehicles travelling over the long-span bridges. Generally, decreasing the porosity of the guardrails could improve wind environment for vehicles, while the changed flow field around the bridge’s girder may weaken the structural aerodynamic stability simultaneously. To solve the two seemingly contradictory issues, such a long-span suspension bridge in mountainous areas is taken as the case study, and the guardrails are optimized with different schemes. The effects on wind environment for vehicles under normal traffic conditions are first studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The further effects on the aerodynamic stability of the bridge under extreme winds are then determined by wind tunnel tests, and the observed non-divergent flutter is explainedbythe change in dynamic flow field. Results show that reducing the porosity of guardrails does improve the wind environment above the bridge deck, and the improvement on wind environment increases with the increase in angle of attack. After closing the guardrails completely, however, the girder appears non-divergent vibration different from the linear theoretical flutter when the critical wind speed is exceeded. The different post-flutter behaviors at different angles of attack are mainly related to the synchronization condition between the movement of vortex and the motion of the girder.
Study on shear capacity of connections with external stiffening rings between square steel tubular columns and steel beams
Authors: Rong Bin , Wang Lei , Zhang Ruoyu
Published: September 2020

This paper studied the shear behavior of the connections with external stiffening rings between square steel tubular columns and steel beams by experimental, numerical and analytical methods. Two connections with external stiffening rings were tested under low cyclic loading to investigate the effect of axial compression ratio on the shear behavior and capacity of the connection. The test result showed that the change of the axial compression ratio had little effect on the shear capacity of the connection while the ductility of the connection was decreasing with the increase of the axial compression ratio. Seven nonlinear finite element models were designed to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection under cyclic test. Parametric studies are carried out to study the influence of the following parameters on the shearing capacity and deformation in panel zone: the width and the height of the steel tube in panel zone and the thickness of the external stiffening rings. Finally, based on the model considering the post-buckling strength of the web of the steel tube in panel zone, a calculation formula was fitted by the results of the finite element simulation.
A four-year review of orthodontic cases appearing before the General Dental Council Professional Conduct Committee
Authors: Ahmad Zahid , Singh Parmjit
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

To evaluate the characteristics of orthodontic cases at the General Dental Council’s (GDC) Professional Conduct Committee (PCC).

Design:

Review of data from the GDC website for orthodontically related hearings or those involving orthodontic treatment providers during 2015–2018.

Setting:

Observational descriptive study.

Methods:

Data were accessed from the GDC website by a single researcher to retrieve orthodontic cases. The press office of the GDC was contacted to ensure all data were captured. For each case that met the inclusion criteria, demographic details of the registrant, the charges proved/not proved and final outcome of the case were recorded.

Results:

A total of 23 registrant cases involved orthodontics and this was 8% of the total number of PCC hearings during 2015–2018. Nine (39%) of the registrants had a Membership in Orthodontics qualification although only 7 (30%) were registered as orthodontists on the UK GDC Specialist List in Orthodontics. Charges related to clinical assessment, consent and record keeping were mostly proved for dentists (13/16 hearings for each) whereas a poor standard of treatment and not cooperating with the GDC were mostly proved for orthodontists (4/7 hearings for each). Overall, conditions were imposed in 10 (44%) cases, erasure in 7 (30%) cases, suspension in 5 (22%) cases and a reprimand in 1 (4%) case.

Conclusion:

The GDC continue to view misdemeanours seriously and it would be prudent for registrants to be familiar with the nature of these hearings to reduce the risk of finding themselves in such a predicament.
Early literacy and child wellbeing: Exploring the efficacy of a home-based literacy intervention on children’s foundational literacy skills
Authors: Derby Melissa , Macfarlane Angus , Gillon Gail
Published: September 2020

This paper reports on findings from a doctoral study that explored the efficacy of a home-based literacy intervention in advancing preschool children’s foundational literacy skills. Two key cognitive skills critical for early literacy success were examined in particular, those being phonological awareness, and elements of oral language, including vocabulary knowledge, which is the specific skill discussed in this paper. The intervention consisted of two main areas of focus – one, named Rich Reading and Reminiscing (RRR), concentrated on stimulating children’s oral language skills, and the other, called Stimulating Sound Sensitivity (SSS), aimed to generate shifts in children’s phonological awareness abilities. Data sets were gathered with eight children and their families over a twelve-week period, which corresponded with the duration of the intervention. A final set of data was collected six months after the intervention ceased. The study employed a crossover design, where four children and their families participated in the RRR component of the intervention, which ran for six weeks, followed by the SSS portion of the intervention. The remaining four children participated in the same parts of the intervention but in reverse order of delivery. The crossover approach established a control in the study, and allowed the effects of each part of the intervention on the children’s early literacy skills to be more clearly revealed. This paper reports on two children – one from each cohort – whose results are evidence of the efficacy of the intervention in advancing key aspects of children’s foundational literacy skills.

Key Findings

The children who participated in the RRR component of the intervention first showed improvements in vocabulary knowledge mid-intervention. Conversely, the children who participated in the SSS component first made gains in their phonological awareness skills before the other cohort of children did. These findings have implications for early childhood educators and families concerning the strategies adopted by these stakeholders which aim to foster strong cognitive skills critical for literacy success.