bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Heat Transfer Rate in Motorcycle Engine Cylinder with Variation of Distance Between Fins and Material
Authors: Zainal Mohamad Zainal Abidin , Sugeng Hadi Susilo
Published: November 2024

Cylinder blocks on motorcycles that do not use a radiator cooling mechanism generally use a fin mechanism around the motorcycle cylinder block. Fins on motorcycles are useful for spreading the heat from combustion from the inside out, so that the engine temperature does not heat up quickly. During the combustion process in the cylinder block can cause heat with a high temperature. If this heat is not immediately distributed around it will cause excessive heat and will cause over heating on the motorcycle, which can interfere with the performance of the motorcycle. Thermal analysis is often used to study heat transfer on many surfaces including fins, cylinder block of an internal combustion engine and also the material of the mold block. The engine cylinder with fins was designed using Autodesk Fusion 360 with different spacing between fins of 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm and 4 mm. The materials used for modeling in this study are Al 356 (cast alloy), AA 2014T6 (Wrought alloy), AA 1060 (Wrought alloy), cast iron with 2% nickel, AM60A-F (Cast alloy), Magnesium alloy (AZ63A), Aluminum 6061, Gray cast iron grade 20, Al 360 (cast alloy), Al 380 (cast alloy). The simulation results of the engine cylinder block made of cast iron with 2% nickel with fins having a spacing between fins of 4 mm and a cylinder perforation diameter of 4 mm on the fins are most suitable for a better heat transfer rate compared to the other materials used in this study
THE EFFECT OF PIN LENGTH AND COMPRESSIVE FORCE IN DOUBLE SIDE FRICTION STIR WELDING ON BENDING STRENGTH OF AA1100
Authors: Sukma Satriawan  , Setiawan Agus , Pebrianti Dwi , Binti MD. Zain Zainah
Published: November 2024

Many new welding methods have emerged to improve connection results, including friction stir welding (FSW). FSW is a welding method that is widely used in welding aluminium  alloys. FSW method on AA1100 aluminium material has not yet obtained the maximum bending strength so it is necessary to study the improvement of the quality of FSW joints using the welding method on both sides or double side friction stir welding (DFSW). This study aims to determine the effect of pin length and downward force on double side friction stir welding (DFSW) on the bending strength of AA1100 aluminium . The independent variables of this study are pin length (1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm) and downward force (30 kg, 35 kg, 40 kg, 45 kg). The controlled variables are shoulder diameter of 25 mm, machine table translational speed of 10 mm/min, spindle rotation speed of 1750 rpm, base plate temperature of 250ºC, and AA1100 plate thickness of 3.6 mm with butt joint type welding connection model. The method used in this research is experimental using the factorial design of experiment (DOE) data analysis method. The results of this study indicate that pin length and downward force have a significant effect on the bending strength of DFSW welded joints on AA1100. The maximum bending strength value of the welded joint was 289.59 MPa at a pin length variation of 2 mm and a compressive force of 35 kg. The percentage of weld defects including tunnel and flash in welded joints with maximum bending strength is identified as the least and the micro test results also show the least FeAl3 particle grains.
Effect of Increased Molecular Force Attraction of NiO (Nickel Oxide) on the Kinetic and Potential Energy of H2O Molecules for Efficient H2O Splitting into H2 Gas
Authors: Walid Achmad , Puspito Buwono Haris , Agustryana Lisa , Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: November 2024

Nickel oxide (NiO) is a material used due to its remarkable chemical stability, magnetic properties, and electrical characteristics molecules. One notable feature of NiO is its unreactive surface with water (H2O), making it an ideal candidate for use as a cathode in the electrolysis process to produce hydrogen (H2) gas. During electrolyte process, H2 is produced through the oxidation reaction at the anode and the reduction reaction at the cathode. Despite its potential, the detailed mechanism of H2O molecule decomposition using a NiO electrode remains inadequately explained. This research aims to elucidate the increased energy arising from the attractive forces between NiO and H2O molecules. To investigate these attractive forces, simulations were conducted to understand the chemical characteristics of the molecules, including bond lengths, bond angles, and their properties. The results indicated that the use of NiO electrode could increase the potential and kinetic energy of H2O molecules. This energy increase is attributed to the formation of specific polar and non-polar bonds. Specifically, polar bonds were formed between (1) the nickel (Ni) atom in NiO molecules and the oxygen (O) atom in the H2O molecules and (2) the O atom in NiO molecules and the H atom in the H2O molecules. Non-polar bonds were formed between (1) the H atom in the H2O molecules and the Ni atom in NiO molecules, and (2) the O atom in NiO molecules and the O atom in H2O molecules. This study highlights how these interactions help in the electrolysis process by enabling the efficient breakdown of water molecules and the production of hydrogen gas
Staking out the Stakeholders: Using NIST’s Research Data Framework Within a Public University System
Authors: Kilcer Emily , Almas Bridget , Koos Jessica A. , Medina-Smith Andrea , Stollar Peters Catherine
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This article first introduces and contextualizes the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Research Data Framework (RDaF) and then explores its application in a local context.
Setting/Participants: The State University of New York (SUNY) System, both at a system-wide level and at two individual SUNY campuses, developed an approach to applying RDaF to improve research data management (RDM) practices.
Brief Description: As institutions work to establish sound, coordinated services and infrastructure that meet local needs, they look to strategic guidance and established best practices for doing so responsibly and successfully. Modeled after their Cybersecurity and Privacy Frameworks, NIST began developing RDaF in 2019 to address pressing research data community needs. The RDaF provides a comprehensive, structured approach to be used by diverse stakeholders to better understand the benefits, risks, and costs of research data management (RDM). 
Results/Outcome: NIST continues to work with other organizations on RDaF’s utility in different contexts, and SUNY’s application offers both a use case and lessons learned that may offer other institutions a practical, grounded approach for leveraging the power of RDaF to improve their RDM strategy.
Conclusions: RDaF’s comprehensive guidance offers a robust, flexible framework for building thorough RDM strategy, whatever an organization's institutional readiness.
QbD assisted RP-HPLC method for determination of Pyridoxine and Doxylamine in pharmaceutical formulation using central composite design
Authors: Challa Gangu Naidu , Kunda Daniel Raju , Mustaq Sheik Jakir Hussain , Marni Nagabharathi , Ketha Srilekhya , Gorle Urmila , Jakkula Shravitha , Babu Koppisetty Bhagavan Rajesh
Published: November 2024

The quality by design enabled the development of cost-effective, simple, precise, and rapid RP-HPLC techniques for determining Pyridoxine (PRD) and Doxylamine (DXA) in the tablet dosage form. Systematic method optimization was performed through central composite design by altering the flow rate and composition of the organic phase in the mobile phase as the critical method parameters for evaluating the necessary analytical attributes, namely the tailing factor, theoretical plate count, and resolution. The optimal separation was achieved on a column with C18 in nature and dimensions of (250 mm length × 4.6 mm id × 5 μm particle size) composed of a blend of acetate buffer and acetonitrile in a volumetric composition of 35:65, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/minute. Detection was carried out at 254 nm. The PRD and DXA have retention times of 3.053 and 4.357 minutes, respectively. The developed method was useful for the determination of bulk drugs and formulations.
Psychometric Properties of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) in Spanish Population
Authors: Altungy Pedro , Liébana Sara , Sánchez-Marqueses José Manuel , Sanz-García Ana , García-Vera María Paz , Sanz Jesús
Published: November 2024

Background::
The Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) is the reference instrument for measuring anxiety sensitivity. The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the ASI-3 have been examined in university students but not in adults from the general population. Whether the ASI-3 subscales provide relevant information has not yet been examined either.

Method: :
The ASI-3’s factor structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, and relationship with neuroticism were examined in a Spanish community sample of 919 adults.

Results::
In two subsamples of participants, the ASI-3 presented a structure of three correlated factors (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) that loaded on a higher-order factor, but the three factors did not explain much item variance. The total scale and subscales of the ASI-3 showed excellent or good indices of internal consistency (alphas and omegas = .81 - .91), and adequate indices of test-retest reliability at two months ( = .57 - .73) and the relationship with neuroticism and its facets ( = .19 - .52).

Conclusions: :
The ASI-3 provides reliable, valid measures of anxiety sensitivity in Spanish adults, but its subscales are not very useful beyond the information provided by the total scale.
Spanish Adaptation of the Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQ and NAQ-S)
Authors: Horcajo Javier , Gil Rafael , Sorrel Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2024

Background: :
Need for affect (NA) refers to individual differences in the motivation to approach or avoid emotion-inducing situations and activities. Prior research has demonstrated that NA is a relevant construct for understanding psychological processes related to affect. The present study aimed to adapt and validate the English version of the Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQ), as well as the short version (i.e., the NAQ-S), to Spanish. We examined evidence of validity and reliability in the NAQ and NAQ-S scores.

Method::
Study 1 ( = 416) analyzed the psychometric properties of scores from the Spanish adaptation of the NAQ, as well as the relationships with measures of other relevant psychological constructs. Study 2 ( = 118) tested the validity and reliability of scores from the Spanish adaptation of the NAQ-S.

Results::
We found two main factors (i.e., Emotion Approach and Emotion Avoidance), and the internal consistency of both the NAQ and the NAQ-S scores, as well as their test-retest reliability, were adequate. Relationships with other measures were in line with prior research, providing positive evidence of concurrent validity.

Conclusions::
Scores from both instruments showed validity and reliability, so should be considered in future research related to NA.
Mindfulness Parenting and Childish Play: A Clinical Trial With Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Rojas-Torres Liliana Paulina , Alonso-Esteban Yurena , Alcantud-Marín Francisco
Published: November 2024

Background: :
Problems of behaviour, communication, and social interaction associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders can overwhelm parents. Disturbances in parents' psychological well-being (anxiety, depression) affect adherence to treatment, making it less effective. There is a need to investigate how to increase psychological well-being in parents of children with autism.

Method: :
An 8-week brief training programme using the Mindfulness Parenting (MP) intervention was applied to fourteen parents (6 couples and two mothers). Participants were assigned to one of two groups, both groups received the same treatment but at two different time points. Measures of anxiety (SCAARED), parental stress (PSI-4), autism severity level (AIM) and mindfulness awareness (FFMQ), were assessed.

Results: :
Analysis indicates that MP training increased mindfulness awareness, increasing non-judgment and reactivity, and consequently, reduced anxiety (parental, general, social), improving parent-child interaction. This improvement did not influence parents' perception of the severity of the disorder.

Conclusions: :
The small number of participants precludes generalisation of the results. More clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the usefulness of including these programmes in early intervention services, as well as profiles of parents who may potentially benefit from it.
Spanish Adaptation of the Intensified Job Demands Scale (IDS)
Authors: Blanco-Donoso Luis Manuel , Hodzic Sabina , Lecuona Oscar , Carmona-Cobo Isabel , Garrosa Eva , Kubicek Bettina
Published: November 2024

Background::
The Intensification of Job Demands Scale (IDS) is a multidimensional instrument designed to capture the phenomenon of work intensification that characterizes modern Western societies. However, in Spain the instrument has not been validated to assess this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IDS adaptation with a heterogeneous sample of Spanish workers.

Method::
The sample consisted of 722 Spanish workers (57.8% female, 42.2% male) who completed a survey between January and April 2022.

Results::
A five-factor correlated model, as in the original IDS, had an optimal fit with 15 items, and displayed invariance across gender, level of education, and organizational tenure. Reliability coefficients were all satisfactory, and scale adaptation showed evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity.

Conclusions::
The Spanish adaptation of the IDS is a valid, reliable measure for analyzing the phenomenon of work intensification and intensified job demands in Spain.
Is it the Child’s Fault? Maternal Attributions in Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Camilo Cláudia , Calheiros Maria Manuela , Vaz Garrido Margarida
Published: November 2024

Background::
Among the parental cognitions explaining maladaptive parenting, attributions about a child’s misbehavior seem important. However, there is little research on neglectful parents, and the different patterns of parental attributions associated with child abuse and child neglect are still underexplained. The current study examines parental attributions associated with child abuse and child neglect.

Method::
Mothers ( = 218) were asked to evaluate vignettes describing child transgressions, half of which were followed by situational information. Child abuse and child neglect were evaluated through mothers’ and professionals’ reports.

Results::
Preliminary results indicated that the child’s age and maternal socioeconomic status were significantly correlated with attributions and child abuse and neglect scores and thus were controlled in the models. The results from hierarchical regressions indicated that dispositional attributions were associated with higher abuse scores (reported by mothers), even in the presence of situational information. Likewise, dispositional attributions were associated with higher neglect scores (reported by professionals), but the effect was no longer significant in the presence of situational information.

Conclusions::
These findings contribute to the current socio-cognitive approaches to child maltreatment and provide relevant input for understanding the different attributional mechanisms underlying child abuse and neglect.
Leveraging Online Treatment to Re-examine the Association Between Alcohol Use and Disinhibition
Authors: Anderson Alexandra , Giddens Emily , Tiego Jeggan , Lubman Dan , Verdejo-Garcia Antonio
Published: November 2024

Background::
Cognitive disinhibition underpins alcohol and drug use problems. Although higher-risk substance use is consistently associated with poorer disinhibition, current findings may be limited by narrow recruitment methods, which over-represent individuals engaged in traditional treatment services with more severe presentations. We embedded a novel gamified disinhibition task (the Cognitive Impulsivity Suite; CIS) in a national online addiction support service ().

Method::
Participants aged 18 to 64 ( = 137; 109 women) completed the Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) along with the CIS, which measures three aspects of disinhibition (Attentional Control, Information-Sampling, and Feedback Monitoring/Shifting). The majority of the sample comprised people with alcohol use, and AUDIT scores were differentiated into ‘higher-risk’ or ‘lower-risk’ groups using latent-class analysis. These classes were then regressed against CIS performance measures.

Results::
Compared to lower-risk, higher-risk alcohol use was associated with poorer attentional control and feedback monitoring/shifting. While higher-risk alcohol use was associated with slower information accumulation, this was only observed for older adults, who appeared to compensate with a more conservative response criterion.

Conclusions::
Our results reveal novel relationships between higher-risk alcohol use and specific aspects of disinhibition in participants who sought online addiction help services.
Educational Psychology: The Key to Prevention and Child-Adolescent Mental Health
Authors: Garaigordobil Maite
Published: November 2024

Background::
Educational psychology ranks second, after clinical psychology, in terms of professional activity profiles but in recent decades, the role of the educational psychologist has blurred.

Method::
The specialized literature was reviewed, and previous works by the author on the subject were updated.

Results::
This article emphasizes the relevance of educational psychology for the prevention and promotion of child and adolescent mental health. For this purpose, we must delimit the functions of the psychologist in educational contexts, differentiating it from other professional roles. To this end: (1) the main functions of the educational psychologist with students, their families, and teachers are proposed; (2) the postgraduate training necessary to perform these functions is described; and (3) the relevant role that educational centers can play in the promotion of child and adolescent mental health is shown, using, as an example, two problems: Bullying-cyberbullying and depression in childhood and adolescence.

Conclusions::
Schools should incorporate educational psychologists to develop assessment, prevention, and intervention activities, and schools must be contexts where emotional well-being is promoted and psychological and mental health problems are prevented. The work makes a proposal for intervention from educational psychology.
Gender Differences in Children’s Conduct Problems: A Multigroup Analysis of Latent Profiles Based on Temperament and Psychopathic Traits
Authors: Álvarez-Voces María , Romero Estrella
Published: November 2024

Background: :
Despite the high prevalence of conduct problems in children, and their social and health impact, little is known about gender differences in their characteristics, determinants and implications. This three-year longitudinal study explored the diversity of individual trait configurations in children with conduct problems, assessing whether 1) the same profiles can be identified in boys and girls and, 2) the predictors and outcomes of these profiles are invariant across genders.

Method: :
A multigroup analysis of latent profiles based on temperamental and psychopathic traits was performed on a sample of 401 young children (50.87% girls) with high scores in conduct problems.

Results::
Both the number of profiles and the means and variances of compositional variables were similar across genders, but the distributions were different. Four profiles were identified, and girls belonged to the least problematic group more frequently. While the predictors were invariant across genders, outcomes were not.

Conclusions: :
This study contributes to the literature on heterogeneity in conduct problems by identifying specific constellations of traits in both boys and girls and shows the importance of considering gender in understanding the progression of conduct problems.
The Role of Body Compassion in the Risk of Eating Disorders: Mediational Effects of Body Appreciation and Body Shame
Authors: Burychka Diana , Miragall Marta
Published: November 2024

Background: :
Body compassion is a protective factor in the field of eating disorders (ED) that has been associated with higher body appreciation and lower body shame. However, more studies are needed in order to disentangle the protective role of compassion in regard to the risk of ED. The study’s aims were to (1) analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Body Compassion Scale (BCS) and (2) determine whether body appreciation and body shame were mediators in the relationship between body compassion and the risk of ED.

Method: :
288 women (range: 18-40 years old; = 24.65 ± 5.02) from the general Spanish population completed online questionnaires.

Results: :
The Spanish adaptation of the BCS was reliable and valid. Results of a serial and parallel mediation model confirmed the protective role of body compassion and body appreciation on body shame and the risk of ED, accounting for 68.88% of the variance.

Conclusions: :
Findings indicate that women who present higher body compassion tend to show higher body appreciation, which in turn leads to lower internal body shame and lower risk of ED. These results support the need to develop a positive and compassionate relationship with one’s body, in order to prevent ED.
‘Only My Truth Can Save Us All’: The Impact of Socioeconomic Threat and its Emotional Appraisals on the Monopoly on Truth and Political Extremism
Authors: Dono Marcos , Alzate Mónica , Sabucedo José Manuel
Published: November 2024

Background: :
Political extremism is one of the main threats to democratic societies and it has been related to socioeconomic threats like COVID-19. We argue that socioeconomic threat perceptions increase Monopoly on Truth (MoT), a tendency to conceive personal values as undeniable truths that are worthy of being imposed. MoT will then prompt a rise in extremist intentions.

Method::
These hypotheses were tested in two experimental designs ( 274 & 484). Study 1 manipulated socioeconomic threat, while Study 2 added a manipulation of the emotional appraisal of that threat.

Results::
In Study 1, MoT scores were significantly different and higher in the high-threat condition. In Study 2, threat levels did not cause statistically significant differences when emotional appraisal of the threat was manipulated, with anger causing MoT to increase. Study 2 also showed that MoT works as a precursor of extremist intentions.

Conclusions::
Socioeconomic threats and their emotional appraisals raise MoT and, indirectly, extremism. Beyond deepening our understanding of the causes of MoT, the current findings highlight the implications of different narratives framing socioeconomic crises that may become a facilitating factor of extremism.
Parental Homework Involvement and Students’ Achievement: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Guo Shengli , Feng Yuxiang , Ma Yidan , Zhang Yichi , Núñez José Carlos , Fan Huiyong
Published: November 2024

Background: :
Applying a three-level meta-analysis, the goal of our investigation was to examine the relationship between parental homework involvement and students’ achievement, and to investigate whether certain study features could have resulted in the inconsistent results relating to this relationship from prior studies.

Method: :
We identified a total of 28 studies (32 independent samples) with 252 effect sizes for a total of 378222 participants.

Results: :
Our meta-analysis revealed an overall weak negative relationship between parental homework involvement and students’ achievement ( = −0.064, < .001). The overall relationship was moderated by the dimension of parental homework involvement. Specifically, students’ achievement was positively related to autonomy support, but largely unrelated to content support, parental control, frequency, and mixed. Additionally, the overall relationship was moderated by achievement measure, grade level, and parent gender.

Conclusions: :
Given that parental autonomy support was the only dimension that was positively related to students’ achievement, it would be important to conduct qualitative research that provides longitudinal descriptions of parent-child interactions relating to homework tasks as children make their transition from elementary to middle and high school.
Biochemical and structural insights into the auto-inhibited state of Mical1 and its activation by Rab8
Authors: Rai Amrita , Janning Petra , Vetter Ingrid R , Goody Roger S
Published: November 2024

Mical1 regulates F-actin dynamics through the reversible oxidation of actin, a process controlled by its interactions with various proteins. Upon binding to Rab8 family members, Mical1 links endosomes to the cytoskeleton, promoting F-actin disassembly. In the absence of Rab, Mical1 exists in an auto-inhibited state, but its biochemical characterization remains incomplete. Our study reveals that the N-terminal MO-CH-LIM domains of Mical1 form an intramolecular complex with its C-terminal bMERB domain. Mutational analysis, guided by the AlphaFold2 model, identifies critical residues at the binding interface. Additionally, we demonstrate that full-length Mical1 binds to Rab8 in a 1:2 stoichiometry, thereby releasing auto-inhibition. Through structure-based mutational studies, we uncover allostery between the N and C-terminal Rab binding sites. Notably, Rab binding at the high-affinity C-terminal site precedes binding at the N-terminal site, suggesting a sequential binding mode. These findings elucidate how Rab8 binding releases the MO-CH-LIM domains from the Mical1 bMERB domain, facilitating interactions with other proteins and the actin cytoskeleton, thereby modulating actin dynamics.
Targeting resident astrocytes attenuates neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhu Yanjing , Ren Yilong , Zhao Lijuan , Zhao Jingwei , Yin Shuai , Ni Haofei , Zhu Rongrong , Cheng Liming , Xie Ning
Published: November 2024

Astrocytes derive from different lineages and play a critical role in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI). Whether selectively eliminating these main origins of astrocytes in lumbar enlargement could attenuate SCI-induced neuropathic pain remains unclear. Through transgenic mice injected with an adeno-associated virus vector and diphtheria toxin, astrocytes in lumbar enlargement were lineage traced, targeted, and selectively eliminated. Pain-related behaviors were measured with an electronic von Frey apparatus and a cold/hot plate after SCI. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, molecular experiment, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the potential mechanisms after astrocyte elimination. Lineage tracing revealed that the resident astrocytes but not ependymal cells were the main origins of astrocytes-induced neuropathic pain. SCI-induced mice to obtain significant pain symptoms and astrocyte activation in lumbar enlargement. Selective resident astrocyte elimination in lumbar enlargement could attenuate neuropathic pain and activate microglia. Interestingly, the type I interferons (IFNs) signal was significantly activated after astrocytes elimination, and the most activated Gene Ontology terms and pathways were associated with the type I IFNs signal which was mainly activated in microglia and further verified in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, different concentrations of interferon and Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist could activate the type I IFNs signal in microglia. These results elucidate that selectively eliminating resident astrocytes attenuated neuropathic pain associated with type I IFNs signal activation in microglia. Targeting type I IFNs signals is proven to be an effective strategy for neuropathic pain treatment after SCI.
Luminal epithelial cells integrate variable responses to aging into stereotypical changes that underlie breast cancer susceptibility
Authors: Sayaman Rosalyn W , Miyano Masaru , Carlson Eric G , Senapati Parijat , Zirbes Arrianna , Shalabi Sundus F , Todhunter Michael E , Seewaldt Victoria E , Neuhausen Susan L , Stampfer Martha R , Schones Dustin E , LaBarge Mark A
Published: November 2024

Effects from aging in single cells are heterogenous, whereas at the organ- and tissue-levels aging phenotypes tend to appear as stereotypical changes. The mammary epithelium is a bilayer of two major phenotypically and functionally distinct cell lineages: luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Mammary luminal epithelia exhibit substantial stereotypical changes with age that merit attention because these cells are the putative cells-of-origin for breast cancers. We hypothesize that effects from aging that impinge upon maintenance of lineage fidelity increase susceptibility to cancer initiation. We generated and analyzed transcriptomes from primary luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells from younger <30 (y)ears old and older >55 y women. In addition to age-dependent directional changes in gene expression, we observed increased transcriptional variance with age that contributed to genome-wide loss of lineage fidelity. Age-dependent variant responses were common to both lineages, whereas directional changes were almost exclusively detected in luminal epithelia and involved altered regulation of chromatin and genome organizers such as SATB1. Epithelial expression variance of gap junction protein GJB6 increased with age, and modulation of GJB6 expression in heterochronous co-cultures revealed that it provided a communication conduit from myoepithelial cells that drove directional change in luminal cells. Age-dependent luminal transcriptomes comprised a prominent signal that could be detected in bulk tissue during aging and transition into cancers. A machine learning classifier based on luminal-specific aging distinguished normal from cancer tissue and was highly predictive of breast cancer subtype. We speculate that luminal epithelia are the ultimate site of integration of the variant responses to aging in their surrounding tissue, and that their emergent phenotype both endows cells with the ability to become cancer-cells-of-origin and represents a biosensor that presages cancer susceptibility.
Reversing protonation of weakly basic drugs greatly enhances intracellular diffusion and decreases lysosomal sequestration
Authors: Dey Debabrata , Marciano Shir , Poryvai Anna , Groborz Ondřej , Wohlrábová Lucie , Slanina Tomás , Schreiber Gideon
Published: November 2024

For drugs to be active they have to reach their targets. Within cells this requires crossing the cell membrane, and then free diffusion, distribution, and availability. Here, we explored the in-cell diffusion rates and distribution of a series of small molecular fluorescent drugs, in comparison to proteins, by microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). While all proteins diffused freely, we found a strong correlation between p
K
a
and the intracellular diffusion and distribution of small molecule drugs. Weakly basic, small-molecule drugs displayed lower fractional recovery after photobleaching and 10-to-20-fold slower diffusion rates in cells than in aqueous solutions. As, more than half of pharmaceutical drugs are weakly basic, they, are protonated in the cell cytoplasm. Protonation, facilitates the formation of membrane impermeable ionic form of the weak base small molecules. This results in ion trapping, further reducing diffusion rates of weakly basic small molecule drugs under macromolecular crowding conditions where other nonspecific interactions become more relevant and dominant. Our imaging studies showed that acidic organelles, particularly the lysosome, captured these molecules. Surprisingly, blocking lysosomal import only slightly increased diffusion rates and fractional recovery. Conversely, blocking protonation by
N-
acetylated analogues, greatly enhanced their diffusion and fractional recovery after FRAP. Based on these results,
N
-acetylation of small molecule drugs may improve the intracellular availability and distribution of weakly basic, small molecule drugs within cells.
Rapid detection of enterobacteria in wastewater treated by microalgal consortia using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Authors: Cameron Henry , Bazaes Jazmín , Sepúlveda Claudia , Riquelme Carlos
Published: November 2024

In the present study, nine Enterobacteriaceae species present in wastewater were isolated and identified, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae by designing primers based on the mcr-1, KPC, OXA-23, and VIM genes, which are recognized markers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission during microalgal bioremediation treatment. The developed assays successfully detected four strains positive for mcr-1 gene-asociated resistance (Acinetobacter baylyi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, and Serratia liquefaciens), three strains for KPC gene-associated resistance (Acinetobacter sp., Escherichia coli 15499, and Morganella morganii), seven strains for OXA-23 gene-associated resistance (Acinetobacter baylyi, Enterobacter hormaechi, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli 15922, Escherichia coli 51446, Morganella morganii, and Serratia liquefaciens), and three strains for resistance to the VIM gene-associated resistance (Acinetobacter baylyi, Acinetobacter sp., and Enterobacter hormaechi) from a single colony. A reduction in microbiological load of 93.6% was achieved at 15 colony-forming units (CFU) mL−1, utilizing EMB agar and LAMP values of 0.142 ± 0.011 for the mcr-1 gene, 0.212 ± 0.02 for the KPC gene, 0.233 ± 0.006 for the OXA-23 gene, and 0.219 ± 0.035 for the VIM gene. Furthermore, bioremediation efficiency values of 71.6% and 75% for total nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, were observed at 72 h of treatment in open pond microalgal remediation systems (MRS). This study demonstrated that the LAMP technique is faster and more sensitive than traditional detection methods, such as CFU, for Enterobacteriaceae. Consequently, this method may be considered for the detection of microbiological quality indicators within the water treatment industry.
Phylogenetic relationships of Neogene hamsters (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetinae) revealed under Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony
Authors: Dirnberger Moritz , Peláez-Campomanes Pablo , López-Antoñanzas Raquel
Published: November 2024

There is an ongoing debate about the internal systematics of today’s group of hamsters (Cricetinae), following new insights that are gained based on molecular data. Regarding the closely related fossil cricetids, however, most studies deal with only a limited number of genera and statements about their possible relationships are rare. In this study, 41 fossil species from the Late Miocene to the Pliocene, belonging to seven extinct cricetine genera, Collimys, Rotundomys, Neocricetodon, Pseudocricetus, Cricetulodon, Apocricetus and Hattomys are analysed in a phylogenetic framework using traditional maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference approaches. Following thorough model testing, a relaxed-clock Bayesian inference analysis is performed under tip-dating to estimate divergence times simultaneously. Furthermore, so-called ‘rogue’ taxa are identified and excluded from the final trees to improve the informative value of the shown relationships. Based on these resulting trees, the fit of the topologies to the stratigraphy is assessed and the ancestral states of the characters are reconstructed under a parsimonious approach and stochastic character mapping. The overall topologies resulting from Bayesian and parsimonious approaches are largely congruent to each other and confirm the monophyly of most of the genera. Additionally, synapomorphies can be identified for each of these genera based on the ancestral state reconstructions. Only Cricetulodon turns out to be paraphyletic, while ‘Cricetulodon’ complicidens is a member of Neocricetodon. Lastly, this work makes a contribution to a debate that went on for decades, as the genus Kowalskia can be confirmed as junior synonym of Neocricetodon.
Evaluating the efficacy of curcumin in the management of oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Wenjin , Wang Qiuhao , Jiang Sixin , Wu Yuqi , Li Chunyu , Xie Yulang , Chen Qianming , Luo Xiaobo
Published: November 2024

Background

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) not only harbour the risk of malignant transformation but can also affect patients’ quality of life owing to severe symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies to improve patients’ quality of life. The objective of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the efficacy of curcumin in the management of OPMDs.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of OPMDs from inception until March 2024. RevMan 5.4 software was used to perform statistical and subgroup analyses.

Results

Sixteen randomised controlled trials (1,089 patients) were selected. Curcumin exhibited comparable efficacy to conventional controls in alleviating pain (I2 = 98%, P = 0.49) and improving tongue protrusion (I2 = 94%, P = 0.51) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Additionally, topical use of curcumin had an efficacy equivalent to that of conventional therapy in reducing pain (I2 = 83%, P = 0.31) and facilitating clinical remission (I2 = 67%, P = 0.38) of oral lichen planus (OLP).

Conclusion

The topical use of curcumin may palliate pain and promote clinical healing in OLP patients. Systemic curcumin can ameliorate the degree of pain and tongue protrusion in OSF. Therefore, our study suggests that curcumin could serve as an alternative treatment for managing OPMDs with lower medical toxicity than steroids, especially when steroids are not suitable. Further studies with larger sample sizes and adequate follow-up periods are required to validate our results.
Integrating Morphological and Molecular Techniques to Identify Intraspecific Crosses in Citrus
Authors: Batth Manveen Kaur , Sangwan Anil Kumar , Kaur Maninder
Published: November 2024

The morphological analysis and simple sequence repeat molecular studies were conducted with the objective for the development of novel promising citrus rootstocks with resistance to phytophthora and salinity stress. This study was established as a novel citrus breeding program at Dr. J.C. Bakhshi Regional Research Station, Abohar, Punjab Agricultural University. Here, rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) was used as female parent while trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate), Carrizo (Carrizo citrange) and rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) were taken as the male parent. Rough lemon is productive, vigorous with high tolerance towards active lime and diseases viz. Citrus virus exocortis and Citrus tristeza virus, but it is susceptible to phytophthora pathogen. Trifoliate orange and carrizo, have been described as an “ultra-resistant rootstock” while rangpur lime is tolerant against salinity. Hybrids were derived from the cross between the C. jambhiri × P. trifoliate, C. jambhiri × C. citrange and C. jambhiri × C. limonia. The range of polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 with 0.66 average PIC value. Seventy-three SSR markers were used for molecular analysis and the promising F50 marker showed maximum 0.87 PIC value that confirms the higher degree of polymorphism and diversity among the genotypes. The different combination of crosses undergo selection of 26 hybrid seedlings through both morphological and molecular screening utilizing Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Thus, morphological and molecular approach proved to be effective for the differentiation of hybrids from nucellar seedlings among citrus rootstocks involving polyembryony cultivars.
Prevalence of Rotavirus Infection among Hospitalized Children Under Five Years of Age with Acute Diarrhea in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Roble Miski Abdullahi , Anshur Yonis Abdullahi Ahmed , Ali Amal Abdullahi , Ahmed Fardawsa Hassan , Adan Aisha Mohamed , Ali Naima Abukar , Roble Hamdi Abdullahi
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in children under five worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, especially in low-income countries. It is highly contagious, transmitted through contaminated hands and objects, and commonly causes hospitalizations due to dehydration. Vaccination is the key preventive measure, as no specific treatment beyond rehydration exists. This study focuses on the burden of rotavirus among hospitalized children with acute watery diarrhea in Mogadishu, Somalia, aiming to provide insights for improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Methods: This cross-sectional study investigates the prevalence of rotavirus infection among children under five hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea at Mogadishu Somali Türkiye Training and Research Hospital from April to June 2024. A sample of 167 participants was selected using simple random sampling. Data collection involved structured questionnaires for demographic and clinical details, and enzyme immunoassays for rotavirus detection in stool samples. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and logistic regression, will be conducted using SPSS to calculate prevalence and identify predictors of infection. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.
Results: The prevalence of rotavirus among children hospitalized with gastroenteritis was observed to be 33.5%. Analysis revealed notable associations with several risk factors: children whose primary drinking water source was bottled water exhibited an unadjusted prevalence ratio 2.415 times higher compared to those using tap water. Severe dehydration was significantly linked with a lower unadjusted prevalence ratio of 0.342 compared to mild dehydration. Furthermore, children who missed their vaccinations demonstrated an unadjusted prevalence ratio 6 times higher, indicating a statistically significant association.
Discussion: The study identified a 33.5% prevalence of rotavirus among children with gastroenteritis. It found that drinking bottled water significantly increases the risk of infection compared to tap water. Severe dehydration was less common in rotavirus-positive cases, while fever and vomiting were strongly associated with the infection. Missing the rotavirus vaccination emerged as a major risk factor, though being vaccinated did not significantly affect the risk. Interestingly, factors such as gender, residence, and socio-economic status did not show a significant association with rotavirus infection, suggesting that specific symptoms and vaccination status are more critical in understanding the prevalence and risk factors for rotavirus among these children.
Effect of Rooting Media on Flowering and Yield of Bidhan Marigold Varieties under Shade Net House Condition
Authors: J.Vijay  , Dorajeerao A. V. D.
Published: November 2024

An experiment was carried out in factorial concept with two factors i.e., varieties at two levels and rooting media at eight levels thus making 16 combinations which were replicated twice. The effect of varieties, rooting media and their interactions were found to be significant with regard to days taken for first flower bud initiation, days taken for full flower opening, in situ longevity, days taken for 50% flowering, days taken for 100% flowering, duration of flowering, flower diameter, weight of 10 flowers, shelf life of flowers, number of flowers/plant and flower yield/plant under shade net house condition. The variety Bidhan Marigold 1 recorded the earliest flower bud initiation (41.25 days), earliest days for full flower opening (7.50 days), lowest number days for 50 per cent flowering (48.90 days), earliest days for 100 per cent flowering (73.0 days), maximum duration of flowering (29.37 days), greatest flower diameter (3.21 cm), highest average weight of 10 - flowers (7.18 g), highest shelf life of flowers (9.5 days), maximum number of flowers per plant (88.83) and highest flower yield per plant (437.75).Whereas, the variety Bidhan Marigold 2 recorded the  maximum days for in situ longevity (19.16 days) under shade net house condition.
A Rare Case Report Of Sigmoid Volvulus – An Important Differential To Consider In Acute Abdomen
Authors: Chandraraj Dr Akshaya Jnana , Dalal Dr Akhilesh , Gupta Dr Ashok Kumar , Khan Dr Danish
Published: November 2024

Background: Sigmoid volvulus an uncommon source of bowel obstruction in middle-aged individuals.. This perilous condition pervades globally, with a pronounced predilection for elderly population burdened by concurrent health ailments. While both genders can fall victim, males (1) are more frequently affected. Case Report: A middle aged gentleman presented to emergency center reporting pain abdomen, vomiting , obstipation. On palpation generalized tenderness , guarding present, X – ray abdomen showed classic coffee bean (volvulus) immediately underwent emergency laparotomy - found sigmoid colon was distended and gangrenous. Sigmoidectomy with Hartmann’s performed. Conclusion: This case underscores the criticality of swift action in addressing this life-threatening ailment. Its evaluation should be of utmost importance among the potential diagnoses for individuals reporting with abdominal distention and pain, vomiting,obstipation. An abdominal X-ray (3) both erect and supine positions provides excellent diagnostic results
Management Of Skeletal Class Ii Malocclusion With Twin Block And Headgear: A Case Report
Authors: N T Shadiya , T V Anupam Kumar
Published: November 2024

Background. The main concern of patients and their parents seeking orthodontic treatment has always been the sagittal relationship between the jaws and dentition. The most commonly observed sagittal problems are skeletal class II maxillomandibular relationship which affects about one-third of the examined patients who seek orthodontic treatment. This case report demonstrates the use of the Twinblock appliance and high-pull headgear in a skeletal Class II Division 1 patient with a prognathic maxilla and a retrognathic mandible. A 9 year old male patient reported to Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry with a chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. On extraoral examination, it was found that the patient had a convex profile, incompetent lips, increased maxillary anterior teeth visibility, acute nasolabial angle, receded chin and deep mento labial sulcus. Superimposition of Post treatment with pre-treatment lateral cephalograms showed a reduction in the sagittal discrepancy. With the retraction and intrusion of maxillary anteriors by the use of head gear along with mandibular advancement by the use of twinblock gave the desired result.