bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PyCHAM (v1.3.4): a Python box model for simulating aerosol chambers
Authors: O'Meara Simon Patrick , Xu Shuxuan , Topping David , Alfarra M. Rami , Capes Gerard , Lowe Douglas , McFiggans Gordon
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In this paper the CHemistry with Aerosol Microphysics in Python (PyCHAM) box model software for aerosol chambers is described and assessed against benchmark simulations for accuracy. The model solves the coupled system of ordinary differential equations for gas-phase chemistry, gas-particle partitioning and gas-wall partitioning. Additionally, it can solve for coagulation, nucleation and particle loss to walls. PyCHAM is open source, whilst the graphical user interface, modular structure, manual and suite of tests for troubleshooting and tracking the effect of modifications to individual modules have been designed for optimal usability. In this paper, the modelled processes are individually assessed against benchmark simulations, and key parameters described. Examples of output when processes are coupled are also provided. Sensitivity of individual processes to relevant parameters is illustrated along with convergence of model output with increasing temporal and spatial resolution. The latter sensitivity analysis informs our recommendations for model setup. Where appropriate, parameterisations for specific processes have been chosen for their general applicability with their rationale detailed here. It is intended that PyCHAM aids the design and analysis of aerosol chamber experiments, with comparison of simulations against observations allowing improvement of process understanding that can be transferred to ambient atmosphere simulations.
Investigating the impacts of biochar on water fluxes in tropical agriculture using stable isotopes
Authors: Fischer Benjamin M. C. , Morillas Laura , Rojas Conejo Johanna , Sánchez-Murillo Ricardo , Suárez Serrano Andrea , Frentress Jay , Cheng Chih-Hsin , Garcia Monica , Manzoni Stefano , Johnson Mark S. , Lyon Steve W.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Amending soils with biochar, a pyrolyzed organic material, is an emerging practice to potentially increase plant available water. However, it is not clear (1) to what extent biochar amendments increase soil water storage relative to non-amended soils and (2) whether plants grown in biochar amended soils access different pools of water compared to those grown in non-amended soils. To investigate these questions, we set up an upland rice field experiment in a tropical seasonally dry region in Costa Rica, with plots treated with two different biochar amendments and control plots, from where we collected hydrometric and isotopic data (δ18O and δ2H from rain, soil, groundwater and rice plants). Our results show that the soil water retention curves for biochar treated soils shifted, indicating that rice plants had 2 % to 7 % more water available throughout the growing season relative to the control plots. In addition, we observed a within treatment variability in the soil water retention curves which was in the same order of magnitude as one would expect from responses due to differences in biochar application rates or due to differences in biochar typologies. The stable water isotope composition of plant water showed that the rice plants across all plots preferentially utilized the more variable soil water from the top 20 cm of the soil instead of using the deeper and less variable sources of water. Our results indicated that rice plants in biochar amended soils could access larger stores of water more consistently and thus could withstand dry spells of seven extra days relative to rice grown in non-treated soils. Though supplemental irrigation was required to facilitate plant growth during extended dry periods. Therefore, biochar amendments can complement, but not necessarily replace, other water management strategies.
Conheça e orgulhe-se da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS) Unidade Três Passos
Authors: Kipper Daniel , Silva Danni Maisa da , Guerra Divanilde , Hengles Aaron Concha Vasquez , Lanzanova Mastrângello Enivar , Lanzanova Luciane Sippert , Redin Marciel , Ehrembrink Maiqueli Patrícia , Cichelero Luis Henrique , Canepelle Eduardo , Bohrer Robson Evaldo Gehlen , Bisognin Ramiro Pereira , Souza Eduardo Lorensi de
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste projeto foi divulgar e promover a valorização da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Unidade Três Passos/RS. A metodologia de trabalho constou da realização de diversas atividades, durante o ano de 2018, incluindo programas de rádio, atividades de extensão nas escolas, levando aos alunos diversos temas ligado à olericultura e à agroecologia, além da implantação e manutenção de hortas escolares;  publicação em jornais e sites de notícias institucional e de circulação regional,; manutenção de uma página no Facebook, na qual foram feitas postagens referentes a temas importantes, bem como de imagens ligadas à realidade acadêmica da universidade. Foi promovido o Dia D da Extensão Universitária, através da realização do 1° Seminário Regional de Agroclimatologia, em parceria com alunos e professores do Curso de Agronomia, que teve uma boa adesão entre os acadêmicos e comunidade, com o envolvimento de produtores rurais da região, em parceria com a Emater/RS-Ascar e o Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Unidade Santo Augusto; também foi promovido o Dia D da Pesquisa Científica, através da realização do 1º Salão da Pesquisa UERGS/ETEC, promovido pela UERGS em conjunto com a Escola Técnica Estadual Celeiro (ETEC). A realização destas atividades tiveram grande importância na divulgação da UERGS Unidade em Três Passos em toda a Região Celeiro, promovendo maior visibilidade e transparência das atividades/ações realizadas pela universidade, além de possibilitar que esta levasse conhecimentos para a comunidade, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento regional, bem como para a valorização da instituição, podendo torná-la mais atrativa para futuros acadêmicos.
Do gesto à notação: exemplos de escrita prescritiva em duas obras contemporâneas
Authors: Bogo Danilo , Galli Cristiano R.
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo discute o conceito de gesto musical e sua transformação em notação. De início são apresentados três conceitos relacionados ao gesto musical – gesto físico, gesto mental e gesto notado –, em seguida são discutidas suas relações com a composição, a notação e a performance. Na terceira parte do texto, são demonstradas formas prescritivas e descritivas de notação do gesto observadas em duas peças compostas pelos autores. Por fim, são propostas duas formas de notação prescritiva para um mesmo recurso encontrado no software SuperCollider chamado Theremin. Nesse recurso as diferentes posições possíveis da seta do mouse na tela do computador definem o resultado da síntese gerada pelo software.
Perception of Conventional Medicine and Herbal Medicine Usage Amongst Diabetic Patients: A Qualitative Study in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Authors: Ithnain Norbaidurah , Panting Albeny Joslyn , Kassim Rosnani , Amirudin Nadia , Krishnan Manimaran
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION: The concomitant intake of herbal medicine and conventional medicine amongst patients is steadily increasing worldwide. However, concerns have been raised regarding potential adverse effects and drug interactions when consuming both medications together. Therefore, this work aimed to comprehending the perception of Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus (T2DM) patients on conventional medicine and the manner of its use with herbal medicine in managing diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted among 28 diabetic patients in four government clinics under the jurisdiction of the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit informants who consumed herbal medicine alongside their prescribed conventional medicine. This study employed semi-structured interviews, which were all digitally recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically.

RESULTS: This study found that most of the patients perceived the negative side effects of conventional medicine, which led them to consider incorporating herbal medicine in treating diabetes. Such perception was influenced by the personal experiences of their family members and friends. A majority of the informants utilised herbal medicine as a complementary consumption to conventional medicine as opposed to implementing it as an alternative. However, they would alter the dosage and intake time of conventional medicine for several reasons, such as to complement their herbal medicine intake, being fed-up with conventional medicine, and reduce the risk of its side effects. Lastly, this study revealed that some of the patients noted their intention to discontinue conventional medicine, while some even tried to quit.

CONCLUSIONS: A complete understanding of patient’s perceptions regarding conventional medicine and its usage with herbal medicine will aid healthcare providers to deliver education on the importance of conventional medicine usage compliance. Additionally, people should be aware that its combination with herbal medicine when consumed may present adverse effects and subsequently cause serious health problems.
Fairy lore in the high mountains of South Asia and the hymn of the Garhwali fairy ‘Daughter of the Hills’1
Authors: Bhatt Ram Prasad , Wessler Heinz Werner , Zoller Claus Peter
Published: August 2020

This essay is divided in two parts. The first part gives an overview on fairy-related traditions in the high mountains of South Asia. It concentrates on Nuristan and Dardistan2 as well as on Garhwal (there especially on Bangan3) and highlights similarities and differences between these two areas. Moreover, it looks at more distant parallels and at relationships between fairy cults and Hindu Tantrism. The second part presents a recently recorded hymn to the fairy ‘Daughter of the hills’ and discusses its functions and background. Keywords: Himalayan folk religions and oral traditions, fairy lore
Antioxidant profile of Canada lettuce (Lactuca canadensis) and madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) minimally processed
Authors: Correia Vinícius Tadeu da Veiga , D'Angelis Danielle Fátima , Brito Luma Moura , Martins Jéssica Letícia Abreu , Silva Ernani Clarete da , Carlos Lanamar de Almeida
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the stability of natural antioxidants in minimally processed Anredera cordifoliaand Lactuca canadensisand their physical-chemical and antioxidant characteristics at time zero of storage (T0) and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 days, at a temperature of 7 °C. For the attribute color, L. canadensisdid not show significant differences between the parameters, whereas A. cordifoliashowed variation in its lightness from the third day of storage. Both vegetables had significant increments of pH, which ranged from 5.77 to 6.16 in A. cordifoliaand from 6.23 to 6.43 in L. canadensis. The contents of soluble solids also increased significantly, from 2.28 to 4.17 °Brix and from 4.89 to 6.30 °Brix in A. cordifoliaand L. canadensis, respectively. No significant difference was observed in total titratable acidity at any of the times evaluated (p>0.05). Among the bioactive compounds of the minimally processed vegetables, the contents of carotenoids, tannins, and total phenolic compounds were affected by storage, demonstrating that this process has an influence on the concentrations of the natural antioxidants studied.
Pre-germinative treatments and seed storage of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine morphotypes
Authors: Camargo Haron Victor Ferreira , Walter Letícia Siqueira , Gabira Mônica Moreno , Kratz Dagma
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the germination behavior of two morphotypes of P. cattleyanumsubmitted to storage and pre-germinative treatments. The experiment was designed in a factorial scheme 2 x 3 x 3 (morphotypes x storage periods x pre-germinative treatments) completely randomized, using for each treatment 5 replicates with 30 seeds. The seeds were stored in semipermeable packages in a cold chamber at 5 ± 2 °C, for 14, 45,and 90 days. After each storage period, the seeds were submitted to treatments to overcome dormancy: immersion in water at 80 °C,kept in imbibition for 24 and 48 hand control, without any treatment. The seeds were arranged under moistened substrate in transparent plastic boxes and allocated in a germination chamber at 25 °C and photoperiod of 8 h for evaluation of germination percentage (G), germination speed index (GSI)and mean germination time (MGT). The red morphotype seeds showed higher germination percentages than the yellow morphotype and did not have a reduction in these values after 90 days of storage. MGT for yellow morphotype was lower in all pre-germinativetreatments. The GSI had better results at 45 days in the control treatments and 24 h in immersion in water and 90 days for the three pre-germinative treatments. The red morphotype does not require pre-germinative treatments, while the yellow morphotype presents better germination when the seeds are stored for 45 days and immersed in water at 80 °C for 48 h.
Comparative analysis of students’ collective consciousness in the Russia-EU and Russia-China border regions: mathematical modelling
Authors: Simonyan R. H , Slutskin L. N.
Published: August 2020

Given the unique diversity of Russian regions, regional studies are becoming particularly important for ensuring the stability and development of Russia. There is an extensive body of literature on the economic and social characteristics of Russian regions, their types and ranking whereas the study of collective consciousness requires further attention. It is the collective consciousness that shapes human activity, the results of which largely determine the development of countries and their regions. The authors study the spiritual sphere of regions, the inner world of people, who are human capital. This study is particularly important in relation to Russian youth, who have become one of the most active social groups. The public demand for the analysis of collective consciousness has been constantly growing. The authors argue that there are regional differences in collective consciousness, which are manifested most prominently in the comparison of eastern and western regions. The growing intensity of interaction between Europe and Asia makes the comparison of the western and eastern border regions of Russia particularly important from the geopolitical point of view. The authors employ the principles of an emerging scientific direction, border regional studies, for a comparative analysis of the collective consciousness of students from two border regions located on the Russia-European Union and Russia-China borders. The authors present the results of the survey they conducted in the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad) and Amur State University (Blagoveshchensk). They examine the sociological phenomenon of ‘regional consciousness’ and substantiate the criteria for selecting the objects of research. It is the first time in sociology that logistic regression models reflecting the main characteristics of regional consciousness have been built. The article aims to confirm the multiplicity of types of regional consciousness and to demonstrate that in the socially homogeneous group, Russian graduate students, there are still regional differences even in the generally similar assessments of the ongoing social processes.
Development of electric road transport: simulation modelling
Authors: Katalevsky D. Yu. , Gareev T. R.
Published: August 2020

Electric transport is rapidly gaining popularity across the world. It is an example of technological advancement that has multiple consequences for regional economies, both in terms of the adaptation of production, transport and energy systems and their spatial optimization. The experience of leading economic regions, including countries of the Baltic Sea region, shows that electric transport can potentially substitute traditional transport technologies. Based on an authentic model of system dynamics, the authors propose a new approach to simulation modelling of the dissemination of electric vehicles in a given region. The proposed model allows the authors to take into account the key systemic feedback loops between the pool of electric vehicles and the charging infrastructure. In the absence of data required for the econometric methods of demand forecasting, the proposed model can be used for the identification of policies stimulating the consumer demand for electric vehicles in regions and facilitating the development of the electric transport infrastructure. The proposed model has been tested using real and simulated data for the Kaliningrad region, which due to its specific geographical location, is a convenient test-bed for developing simulation models of a regional scale. The proposed simulation model was built via the AnyLogic software. The authors explored the capacity of the model, its assumptions, further development and application. The proposed approach to demand forecasting can be further applied for building hybrid models that include elements of agent modelling and spatial optimization.
The concept “people” in the modern European political thought: Hobbes, Spinoza, Pufendorf
Authors: Marey А. V.
Published: August 2020

The author considers the evolution of the concept “people” in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf and Benedict Spinoza. The political thought of Europe in the 17th century demonstrates a conscious turn from the medieval scholastic tradition of thinking about people and power. Politics begins to be thought of as a complex of human ac­tions aimed at achieving certain human goals. This, in turn, leads to the rationalisation of politics and, as a consequence, to the rejection of one of the most powerful mystical and theo­logical abstractions of the late Middle Ages — the concept “people” as a kind of mystical body. Protestant science makes a clear choice in favour of interpreting the concept as an “arti­ficial person”. The author emphasizes that the introduction of the concept “natural state” led to changes in the ontological status of people in political theory. The concept “people” becomes “a flickering subject” that appears during the transition from a natural state to a civil one and disappears when the transition goes in the opposite direction. In a civil state, people become an active subject when they perform the function of the legislator. In other cases, people as a political subject transform into a certain multitude, consisting of separate individuals.
The concept “people” in A. S. Shishkov’s manifestoes in the discourse of the Patriotic War of 1812
Authors: Panchenko A. B.
Published: August 2020

The Patriotic War of 1812 is an event that influenced the formation of the Russian na­tional consciousness. At that time, imperial and class identities coexisted. With the de fac­to ban on discussing the idea of a civil nation, Russian intellectuals focused on the cultural and linguistic components of nationalism. The aim of this study was to identify the content of the concept of ‘people’ in the manifestoes by Shishkov. These texts expressed the official posi­tion of the supreme authority on national unity. The method of discourse analysis employed by the author, made it possible to place Shishkov’s texts in a broader historical context, trac­ing their origins in the discussions on the language of the beginning of the 19th century and determining their impact on the subsequent process of nation-building. Being a supporter of the creation of the Russian literary language on the basis of the folk and Church-Slavonic Russian, Shishkov embodied these views in the texts of manifestoes during the War of 1812. Although there is a certain contradiction between the ideas of class society and national unity, the style and images used made it possible for representatives of all classes to perceive the texts. Later on, “people” as a synonym of “nation” was widely used in the formation of the myth of war as a national affair, forming the foundation for the formation of the Russian na­tional consciousness.
Sootechestvenniki (compatriots) in the 19th century: semantic profile based on the data of the National Corpus of the Russian language
Authors: Zolyan S. T.
Published: August 2020

The concept “sootechestvenniki” is one of the key tools for self-description of society; it is an instrument for drawing borderlines between “we” and “they”. The article describes the development of the meaning of this word since its coinage. The word appeared in the 18th cen­tury as a merger of the Old Slavic and Old Russian ‘otechestvo’ (fatherland, understood as one’s place of origin) and the French ‘compatriot’. This merger resulted in the formation of two new prototypical meanings: one is civic, collective and elevated, and the other gravitates to ethnicity since it is used to refer to Russians. With the strengthening of state institutions in Russia, the first meaning was bound to dominate and it did at the beginning of the 19th century. However, one should speak not about the synthesis, but rather about the discordance of the two meanings. In the 19th century, another meaning developed in the semantic struc­ture of the word: ethnic Russians living abroad. Gradually, the word acquired new evaluative meanings, while negative connotations still prevailed. The basic oppositions (we — they, here — there, ours — alien) interacted in an ambiguous way, substituting each other. A variety of hy­brid “compatriots” arose: we are there, they are here, etc. The heterogeneity of the seman­tics of the word reflects collisions within society, which faced a tragic internal split in the 20th century.
The concept “people” in the Cadet Party rhetoric
Authors: Gaida F. A.
Published: August 2020

The article considers the interpretation of the concept “people” by the Constitutional Democratic Party supporters. This concept is of fundamental importance for the analysis of Cadet ideology. The concept “people” was of great political value for the Cadet party. The author correlates this concept with such notions relevant for the Party as society, nation, and nationality. The author examines the relations of “people” with the authorities, the state, the Cadet Party, the Parliament, and humanity. Special attention is paid to the evolution of ca­dets’ understanding of the concept “people” in connection with social processes, the develop­ment of the political crisis and revolutions of 1905—1907 and 1917. The author holds that already at the beginning of the revolutionary period, the Cadets substituted the triad “author­ity — society — people”, which was conservative in origin by the dichotomy “power — peo­ple”, which was democratic in nature. The “people” included the educated public and was opposed to the “authorities”. In its new meaning, “people” was seen as the “third class”, the future civil nation, called to construct a political system based on the idea of popular sover­eignty. In this sense, the Cadet ideology was revolutionary and implied a break from the An­cien régime. The “people” were not considered as some unique whole but rather as an integral part of humanity, developing together with it according to universal laws. The Cadet Party was considered by its supporters as a force representing the interests of the entire “people.” Cadet faction in the State Duma turned it into a popular representation. Although only the Constituent Assembly convened on the basis of universal suffrage can be considered to be a truly democratic representation. Broad democratization during the February Revolution cor­responded to the Cadet concept of people sovereignty. Moreover, the Cadets had no ideological grounds to oppose the further radicalization of the revolution.
THE RELATIONSHIP between COURSE MANAGEMENT and EXAMINATION ATTRITION RATES among UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS at the UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Authors: Daka Harrison , Banda Sekelani S. , Namafe Charles M.
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the relationship between course management and examination attrition rates among undergraduate medical students at the University of Zambia, School of Medicine between the years 2008 to 2016. An explanatory sequential research design was used for data collection. Data were captured using an evaluation survey instrument, students’ Focus Group Discussion schedule and an interview schedule for key informants. Quantitative data from the first set were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data from the second set were analysed using constant comparative method. The findings indicate that there was significant statistical difference in the course workloads in all programmes (p = 0.000, F = 4, 596, d f = 8.53). The course loads were heavy, had little time allocated to them. Course concepts were not taught in depth and led to students’ perceptions that the courses were difficult. As such, there is urgent need to revise or review course contents (i. e. curricular) of several programmes to be in accordance with the time allocated to them and that the Department of Medical Education and Development (DMED) should consider organizing specific pedagogical training programmes for existing and newly employed academic staff.
Historical diagnostic and therapeutic changes of ischemic stroke based on the highly cited articles
Authors: Kim Yerim , Yoon Dae Young , Kim Jee-Eun , Lee Ju-Hun , Song Hong-Ki , Bae Jong Seok
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Stroke is a global economic burden of health, which means that it is critical to evaluate changes of optimal diagnoses and treatments. The aim of the study reported herein was to identify the most-cited articles in the field of ischemic stroke and assess their characteristics. Methods: We searched all included articles that had been cited more than 100 times using the “Cited Reference Search” in February 2016 from Web of Science Core Collection. Among a total of 2,651 articles, we excluded articles on basic science and which involved only hemorrhagic strokes and identified the top-100 cited articles on ischemic stroke. Results: The number of citations for the articles analyzed in this study ranged from 5,182 to 580. Most of the articles were published in The Lancet (25%) and Stroke (23%), and originated from the United States of America (n=44). Most of them were original articles (65%) and dealt with stroke risk factors (32%) and stroke management (30%). A novel study of hyperacute treatment involving recombinant-tissue plasminogen activator was described in the top-ranked article. Conclusion: Reviews on highly cited articles can help physicians identify trends in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke in the past. This bibliometric analysis can provide a unique perspective on historical developments in this field.
Bibliometric analysis of flipped classroom publications from the Web of Science Core Collection published from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Luen , Wu Jia-Fen
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This study analyzed the bibliometric characteristics of flipped classroom publications in the Social Science Citation Index and Science Citation Index Expanded from 2000 to 2019. Methods: The terms related to “flipped classroom” and “inverted learning” were the keywords for searching journal articles on January 3, 2020. Results: There are 645 articles (including 33 early-access articles), representing 1,938 authors in the 210 journals scanned. The United States, China, and Taiwan were three leading countries/regions in this field. In the top 10 countries, to 10 institutions, the top eight most-cited journals were identified by either the number of publications or the number of citations. Hot-spot themes from the 24 highly-cited articles and author keyword co-occurrence analysis focus on empirical research in the flipped classroom, the overall feasibility of the flipped classroom course design and practical model, and students’ performances, and student-regulated learning (active learning and readiness) outcomes. Conclusion: TThe results indicate that the United States dominated flipped classroom research, originating most of the highly-cited articles, having more prolific authors, and presenting the most-cited institutions. Furthermore, little research has been undertaken into arriving at an understanding of evidentiary effectiveness or consistency in a flipped classroom. Based on the trends identified, we need a call for more specific types of research into the effectiveness of flipped classroom studies and systematic reviews.
« Nos jeunes délinquants deviendront des bandits1 » : les mineurs devant la Cour des sessions de la paix de 1950 à 1962 dans la région du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean*
Authors: Tremblay Catherine
Published: August 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux mineurs qui ont comparu devant la Cour des sessions de la paix dans la région du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean de 1950 à 1962. L’auteure propose que ce tribunal acculture parfois ses pratiques, lors de la comparution de mineurs, pour répondre au discours alarmiste que véhicule l’opinion publique dans la région à l’étude. Ces modifications s’observent plus particulièrement dans les transformations que connaissent les sentences prononcées par la Cour des sessions de la paix pendant la période considérée.
Autour de l’affaire Dora : censure, sexe et misogynie à l’université (1950-1966)*
Authors: Poitras Daniel
Published: August 2020

En analysant l’affaire Dora, cas de censure qui a secoué le milieu étudiant en 1960, je démontre dans cet article qu’à l’Université de Montréal, la lutte des étudiants pour la liberté d’expression était révélatrice de leur représentation des femmes et de leur validation – contrairement à ce que le récit émancipateur qu’ils tenaient pouvait laisser croire – des normes genrées et de la misogynie en vigueur dans ce milieu. Malgré les prétentions à l’universalité des leaders étudiants, censés représenter l’ensemble de la jeunesse pour en éclairer la marche, il s’agissait bien d’un « universel » masculin qui opérait à travers des discours et des pratiques qui valorisaient des outils (comme la politique étudiante) qui étaient largement inaccessibles aux étudiantes. Si le sexisme qui justifiait et renforçait ce confinement était toutefois contesté par certaines étudiantes, qui utilisaient le journal Quartier latin pour répondre à leurs confrères et exposer leurs préjugés, leurs répliques étaient généralement invalidées ou ridiculisées. Je cherche à comprendre le décalage entre un mouvement étudiant qui prônait l’émancipation des individus et une culture de campus sexiste qui s’imposait aux femmes sous diverses formes allant de la grivoiserie quotidienne et des moqueries sur les capacités intellectuelles à l’objectification sexuelle et aux menaces de féminicide.
Riding in Cars with Girls
Authors: Shacklock Zoë
Published: August 2020

The open road is popularly imagined as both cinematic and male, a space suited to the scope afforded by the cinema and the breadth demanded by the male psyche. However, while these connotations are ingrained within the aesthetics of driving, its kinaesthetics – the articulations between bodies, movement and space – have more in common with television and with stories of women’s desire. Drawing from Iris Marion Young’s theories of gendered embodiment, this article argues that driving, television and female desire are all marked by the same contradictions between movement and stability, and between public and private. It analyses two recent television programmes concerned with women behind the wheel – Black Mirror’s ‘San Junipero’ (Netflix, 2016) and the first two seasons of Big Little Lies (HBO, 2017–present) – to argue that driving on television affords a space through which to negotiate feminine embodiment, agency and desire.
The NTP generating activity of pyruvate kinase II is critical for apicoplast maintenance in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Swift Russell P , Rajaram Krithika , Keutcha Cyrianne , Liu Hans B , Kwan Bobby , Dziedzic Amanda , Jedlicka Anne E , Prigge Sean T
Published: August 2020

The apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum parasites is believed to rely on the import of three-carbon phosphate compounds for use in organelle anabolic pathways, in addition to the generation of energy and reducing power within the organelle. We generated a series of genetic deletions in an apicoplast metabolic bypass line to determine which genes involved in apicoplast carbon metabolism are required for blood-stage parasite survival and organelle maintenance. We found that pyruvate kinase II (PyrKII) is essential for organelle maintenance, but that production of pyruvate by PyrKII is not responsible for this phenomenon. Enzymatic characterization of PyrKII revealed activity against all NDPs and dNDPs tested, suggesting that it may be capable of generating a broad range of nucleotide triphosphates. Conditional mislocalization of PyrKII resulted in decreased transcript levels within the apicoplast that preceded organelle disruption, suggesting that PyrKII is required for organelle maintenance due to its role in nucleotide triphosphate generation.
The cryo-EM structure of the human uromodulin filament core reveals a unique assembly mechanism
Authors: Stanisich Jessica J , Zyla Dawid S , Afanasyev Pavel , Xu Jingwei , Kipp Anne , Olinger Eric , Devuyst Olivier , Pilhofer Martin , Boehringer Daniel , Glockshuber Rudi
Published: August 2020

The glycoprotein uromodulin (UMOD) is the most abundant protein in human urine and forms filamentous homopolymers that encapsulate and aggregate uropathogens, promoting pathogen clearance by urine excretion. Despite its critical role in the innate immune response against urinary tract infections, the structural basis and mechanism of UMOD polymerization remained unknown. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the UMOD filament core at 3.5 Å resolution, comprised of the bipartite zona pellucida (ZP) module in a helical arrangement with a rise of ~65 Å and a twist of ~180°. The immunoglobulin-like ZPN and ZPC subdomains of each monomer are separated by a long linker that interacts with the preceding ZPC and following ZPN subdomains by β-sheet complementation. The unique filament architecture suggests an assembly mechanism in which subunit incorporation could be synchronized with proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminal pro-peptide that anchors assembly-incompetent UMOD precursors to the membrane.
Lake water volume fluctuations in response to climate change in Xinjiang, China from 2002 to 2018
Authors: Wufu Adilai , Wang Hongwei , Chen Yun , Rusuli Yusufujiang , Ma Ligang , Yang Shengtian , Zhang Fei , Wang Dan , Li Qian , Li Yinbo
Published: August 2020

Climate change has a global impact on the water cycle and its spatial patterns, and these impacts are more pronounced in eco-fragile regions. Arid regions are significantly affected by human activities like farming, and climate change, which influences lake water volumes, especially in different latitudes. This study integrates radar altimetry data from 2002 to 2018 with optical remote sensing images to analyze changes in the lake areas, levels, and volumes at different altitudes in Xinjiang, China. We analyzed changes in lake volumes in March, June, and October and studied their causes. The results showed large changes in the surface areas, levels, and volumes of lakes at different altitudes. During 2002–2010, the lakes in low- and medium-altitude areas were shrinking but lakes in high altitude areas were expanding. Monthly analysis revealed more diversified results: the lake water levels and volumes tended to decrease in March (−0.10 m/year, 37.55×108 m3) and increase in June (0.03 m/year, 3.48×108 m3) and October (0.04 m/year, 26.90×108 m3). The time series lake water volume data was reconstructed for 2011 to 2018 based on the empirical model and the total lake water volume showed a slightly increasing trend during this period (71.35×108 m3). We hypothesized that changes in lake water at high altitudes were influenced by temperature-induced glacial snow melt and lake water in low- to medium-altitude areas was most influenced by human activities like agricultural irrigation practices.
Projection range of eDNA analysis in marshes: a suggestion from the Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) inhabiting the Kushiro marsh, Japan
Authors: Takeshita Daiki , Terui Shigeharu , Ikeda Kousuke , Mitsuzuka Takashi , Osathanunkul Maslin , Minamoto Toshifumi
Published: August 2020

Background

Freshwater ecosystems are rapidly declining. The Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) which inhabits the Kushiro marsh in Hokkaido, Japan has lost some habitat due to human activity. There are many challenges associated with conventional monitoring methods, including cost, the need for specialist personnel, environmental impact, and ability to detect the presence of this species; thus, we investigated the feasibility of using environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis to detect its presence and identify its breeding grounds.

Methods

We performed tank experiments to confirm eDNA emission from egg sacs, larvae, and adult Siberian salamanders in the water. We also performed water sampling and visual observation of egg sacs in the Kushiro marsh during the end of the breeding season and the larval season.

Results

The tank experiments found eDNA emission from all growth stages. It also implied concentrated emissions just after spawning and after hatching, and limited emissions during the incubation phase in egg sacs. We also detected eDNA in the field, likely reflecting the distribution of egg sacs or larvae. Combining this data with visual observations, it was determined that the eDNA results from the field were best explained by the number of egg sacs within 7–10 m of the sampling point.

Conclusions

The results of this investigation show that the breeding sites and habitats of marshland species can successfully be monitored using eDNA analysis. They also suggest that the eDNA results from the marshes may reflect the biomass that is in close range to the sampling point. These results support the increased use of eDNA analysis in marshes and provide knowledge that could improve the interpretation of future results.
Lights Out. The Chloroplast Under Attack During Phytoplasma Infection?
Authors: Janik Katrin , Mittelberger Cecilia , Moser Mirko
Published: August 2020

Phytoplasma infections lead to high economic losses in different crops worldwide. The array of symptoms induced by an infection depends on the causative phytoplasma species and the infected plant host. The symptom of yellowing or chlorosis is common and characteristic for all so far known phytoplasma diseases. Yellowing and chlorosis indicate that the chloroplast and its components are affected during phytoplasma infection and indeed, perturbations of the photosynthetic apparatus and carbohydrate metabolic pathways of the host plant are the most prominent alterations seen in diverse phytoplasma pathosystems. Even though the role of the chloroplast and its function as a target in effector‐mediated plant pathologies becomes more evident, its importance during phytoplasma infection remains elusive. In this article, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the chloroplast role in plant immunity, and why it is an interesting target for phytoplasma. A special focus will be on pathogen effectors that directly target the chloroplast. On this basis, we propose three hypotheses about the potential role of this organelle in phytoplasma infection. The aim of this article is to motivate research to experimentally test these hypotheses and provide important information that goes beyond the mere description of physiological changes seen during phytoplasmal infections.
Charge‐Carrier Trapping and Radiative Recombination in Metal Halide Perovskite Semiconductors
Authors: Trimpl Michael J. , Wright Adam D. , Schutt Kelly , Buizza Leonardo R. V. , Wang Zhiping , Johnston Michael B. , Snaith Henry J. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Herz Laura M.
Published: August 2020

Trap‐related charge‐carrier recombination fundamentally limits the performance of perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. While improved fabrication and passivation techniques have reduced trap densities, the properties of trap states and their impact on the charge‐carrier dynamics in metal‐halide perovskites are still under debate. Here, a unified model is presented of the radiative and nonradiative recombination channels in a mixed formamidinium‐cesium lead iodide perovskite, including charge‐carrier trapping, de‐trapping and accumulation, as well as higher‐order recombination mechanisms. A fast initial photoluminescence (PL) decay component observed after pulsed photogeneration is demonstrated to result from rapid localization of free charge carriers in unoccupied trap states, which may be followed by de‐trapping, or nonradiative recombination with free carriers of opposite charge. Such initial decay components are shown to be highly sensitive to remnant charge carriers that accumulate in traps under pulsed‐laser excitation, with partial trap occupation masking the trap density actually present in the material. Finally, such modelling reveals a change in trap density at the phase transition, and disentangles the radiative and nonradiative charge recombination channels present in FA0.95Cs0.05PbI3, accurately predicting the experimentally recorded PL efficiencies between 50 and 295 K, and demonstrating that bimolecular recombination is a fully radiative process.
The Mystery of the Benzene‐Oxide/Oxepin Equilibrium—Heavy‐Atom Tunneling Reversed by Solvent Interactions
Authors: Schleif Tim , Prado Merini Melania , Sander Wolfram
Published: August 2020

The equilibrium between benzene oxide (1) and oxepin (2) is of large importance for understanding the degradation of benzene in biological systems and in the troposphere. Our studies reveal that at cryogenic temperatures, this equilibration is governed by rare heavy‐atom tunneling. In solid argon at 3 K, 1 rearranges to 2 via tunneling with a rate constant of approximately 5.3×10−5 s−1. Thus, in a nonpolar environment, 2 is slightly more stable than 1, in agreement with calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory. However, if the argon is doped with 1 % of H2O or CF3I as typical hydrogen or halogen bond donors, respectively, weak complexes of 1 and 2 are formed, and now 2 is tunneling back to form 1. Thus, by forming non‐covalent complexes, 1 becomes slightly more stable than 2 and the direction of the heavy‐atom tunneling is reversed.
Uniform macroporous amidoximated polyacrylonitrile monoliths for gallium recovery from Bayer liquor
Authors: Zhang Han , Peng Xuesong , Shi Guangda , Yan Wu , Liang Mei , Chen Yang , Heng Zhengguang , Zou Huawei
Published: August 2020

Efficient recovery of gallium from aqueous solution remains a problem to be solved in industry. Here a novel crosslinked monolith based on polyacrylonitrile/dimethyl sulfoxide (C‐PAN) was prepared by thermally induced phase separation and supercritical CO2 extraction drying technology. The influences of dissolution temperature and exchange solvents with different solubility parameters on the pore structure of C‐PAN were systematically studied. It was found that the pore diameter decreased with the decrease of dissolution temperature and the increase of Δδ between exchange solvent and PAN. Meanwhile, the C‐PAN with a small and dense pore structure showed better mechanical strength. Thereafter, the Ga3+ adsorption ability of amidoximated monolith (C‐PAO) in simulated Bayer liquor was determined by batch tests. In the case of using methanol as the exchange solvent, the kinetic and equilibrium inspection study illustrated that both physical and chemical adsorption are present due to the multiscale and interconnected structure and the amidoxime groups. The adsorption capacity of C‐PAO monolith toward gallium was 15.8 mg/g, with the equilibrium time as fast as 140 min, which can meet the requirement for the rapid extraction of gallium from Bayer liquor. It is expected that our work can provide some new ideas for fabricating gallium adsorbents.
Biopolymers as sustainable metal bio‐adhesives
Authors: Maiti Binoy , Abramov Alex , Finn M. G. , Díaz David Díaz
Published: August 2020

We describe the use of biopolymers, such as sodium alginate, as an sustainable adhesive binder for several metals and high‐density polyethylene. A standard pull test and peel test was performed with disks, made of different material and size. Adhesive failure was investigated by varying the amount of applied alginate solution, drying time, drying temperature, effect of surface area, and the nature of the adherend. Alginate adhesion was remarkably strong, relatively general, and sensitive to the presence of water. A brief comparison with other biopolymers is also provided.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological studies of chalcone derivatives containing Schiff bases: Synthetic derivatives for the treatment of epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Koçyiğit Ümit M. , Gezegen Hayreddin , Taslimi Parham
Published: August 2020

In this study, first, Schiff base‐containing chalcone derivatives were synthesized. The human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoenzymes I and II were then purified from human erythrocytes using Sepharose‐4B‐l‐tyrosine‐sulfanilamide affinity chromatography. In addition, the inhibitory effects of the newly synthesized compounds on the activities of hCA and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were investigated in vitro, using the esterase and acetylcholine iodide method. The IC50 values were determined and the Ki values of AChE and hCA activities were calculated from the Lineweaver–Burk graphs determined in this study. The hCA I isoform was inhibited by these chalcone derivatives containing Schiff bases (3a–j and 5a–f) in low nanomolar levels, whose Ki values ranged between 141.88 ± 24.10 and 2,234.47 ± 38.11 nM. Against the physiologically dominant isoform hCA II, the compounds demonstrated Ki values varying from 199.31 ± 40.45 to 602.79 ± 263.22 nM. Also, these compounds effectively inhibited AChE, with Ki values ranging from 20.41 ± 6.04 to 125.94 ± 23.88 nM. According to these results, the newly synthesized molecules were found to be potent inhibitors of these enzymes.
Parent‐implemented brief functional analysis in the home
Authors: Gerow Stephanie , Rivera Gabby , Radhakrishnan Supriya , Davis Tonya N.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, feasibility, and social validity of a parent‐implemented brief functional analysis in the home. Three toddlers with developmental delay and their mothers participated in the study. The brief functional analysis required 2.4–3.5 hr to complete and parents rated the assessment positively on a social validity questionnaire. Following the brief functional analysis, treatment evaluations were conducted using single‐case research designs. Results suggest that parent‐implemented brief functional analysis in homes can lead to the development of an effective intervention. These results, along with previous research, indicate practitioners working in homes should consider brief functional analysis, when appropriate.
Allylsilane Reagent‐Controlled Divergent Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions of 2‐Naphthoquinone‐1‐methide
Authors: Lin Xiangfeng , Liu Yan , Li Can
Published: August 2020

Herein, the first allylsilane reagent‐controlled divergent asymmetric Hosomi–Sakurai conjugate allylation and hetero‐Diels–Alder (HDA) with 2‐naphthoquinone‐1‐methide (2‐Nap‐Q‐1‐M) under the catalysis of ScIII/Feng ligand complex is reported. With these methods, a variety of uniquely substituted chiral allyl‐functionalized diaryl compounds and naphthopyran products were obtained in a straightforward and highly stereoselective (up to 96.5:3.5 e.r.) manner under mild conditions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that 2‐Nap‐Q‐1‐M can serve as an efficient diene for a side asymmetric Diels–Alder (D‐A) reaction. This principle can provide a straightforward access to hydrophenalene in an optically active form, which represents a structural core of various natural products and bioactive molecules.