bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bionic Hollow Porous Carbon Nanofibers for Energy‐Dense and Rapid Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Yang Guangjie , Zhang Qian , He Chenweijia , Gong Zhe , Liu Zhenlu , Song Jian , Jiang Shaohua , Han Jingquan , Yang Haoqi , Li Xue , Pei Zengxia , He Shuijian
Published: January 2025

Suboptimal spatial utilization and inefficient access to internal porosity preclude porous carbon cathodes from delivering high energy density in zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). Inspired by the function of capillaries in biological systems, this study proposes a facile coordination‐pyrolysis method to fabricate thin‐walled hollow carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with optimized pore structure and surface functional groups for ZIHCs. The capillary‐like CNFs maximize the electrode/electrolyte interface area, facilitating the optimal utilization of energy storage sites. The precision‐engineered pore sizes in the fiber walls are specifically tailored to accommodate solvated [Zn(H2O)6]2+, thus enhancing ion storage capacity and supporting accelerated transport kinetics. The resultant ZIHCs achieve a battery‐grade energy density of 132.8 Wh kg−1 (based on active material), remarkable stability (98.7 % retention after 80,000 cycles at 10 A g−1), along with practically high areal capacities. Combined in situ/ex situ spectroscopic characterizations, kinetic analyses, and theoretical calculations revealed that the superior energy storage performance arises from the advantageous microstructure of the biomimetic CNFs and the reversible physical/chemical adsorption process. This investigation offers a novel strategy for designing high‐efficiency zinc ion storage carbon nanomaterials and provides insights into the cathodic storage mechanisms essential for advancing ZIHCs.
Direct Synthesis of Topology‐Controlled BODIPY and CO2‐Based Zirconium Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Song Bo , Song Wentao , Liang Yuhang , Liu Yong , Li Bowen , Li He , Zhang Liang , Ma Yanhang , Ye Ruquan , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Dan , Zhou Yi , Liu Bin
Published: January 2025

Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based zirconium metal–organic frameworks (Zr‐MOFs) possess strong light‐harvesting capabilities and great potential for artificial photosynthesis without the use of sacrificial reagents. However, their direct preparation has not yet been achieved due to challenges in synthesizing suitable ligands. Herein, we reported the first successful direct synthesis of BODIPY‐based Zr‐MOFs, utilizing CO2 as a feedstock. By controlling synthetic conditions, we successfully obtained two distinct Zr‐MOFs. The first, CO2‐Zr6‐DEPB, exhibits a face‐centered cubic (fcu) topology based on a Zr6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4 node, while the second, CO2‐Zr12‐DEPB, features a hexagonal closed packed (hcp) topology, structured around a Zr12(μ3‐O)8(μ3‐OH)8(μ2‐OH)6 node. Both MOFs demonstrated excellent crystallinity, as verified through powder X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. These MOF catalysts displayed suitable photocatalytic redox potentials for the reduction of CO2 to CO using H2O as the electron donor in the absence of co‐catalyst or toxic sacrificial reagent. Under light irradiation, CO2‐Zr12‐DEPB and CO2‐Zr6‐DEPB offered high CO yields of 16.72 and 13.91 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively, with nearly 100 % selectivity. CO2 uptake and photoelectrochemical experiments revealed key insights into the mechanisms driving the different catalytic activities of the two MOFs. These BODIPY and CO2‐based, light‐responsive Zr‐MOFs represent a promising platform for the development of efficient photocatalysts.
Neuroimaging Findings of Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nabizadeh Fardin , Sheykhlou Shadi , Mahmoodi Sara , Khalili Elham , Zafari Rasa , Hosseini Helia
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies on neuroimaging findings in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with hallucinations and delusions have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to systematically review neuroimaging findings of delusions and hallucinations in AD patients to describe the most prominent neuroimaging features.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search in three online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in June 2023. We included studies that reported neuroimaging features of AD patients with delusion, hallucination, or psychosis.

Results

After the screening, 34 studies with 2241 AD patients were eligible to be included in our qualitative synthesis. On the basis of the included studies, there are significant changes in the volume and perfusion levels of broad brain areas, including the hippocampus, amygdala, insula, cingulate, occipital, frontal, prefrontal, orbitofrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices in these patients. Moreover, AD patients with psychosis, hallucinations, or delusions reflected different EEG waves compared to AD patients without these disorders.

Conclusion

The results of our review provided evidence about the neuroimaging alterations in AD patients suffering from psychosis, hallucinations, and delusions using different imaging methods. AD patients with psychosis, hallucinations, or delusions have significant differences in the volume and perfusion levels of various brain regions along with alterations in EEG waves and biological molecules compared to patients with only AD.
Deep Learning–Based Prediction of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease With the Ensemble Channel Selection Approach
Authors: Abbasi Sara , Rezaee Khosro
Published: January 2025

Purpose

A debilitating and poorly understood symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) is freezing of gait (FoG), which increases the risk of falling. Clinical evaluations of FoG, relying on patients’ subjective reports and manual examinations by specialists, are unreliable, and most detection methods are influenced by subject‐specific factors.

Method

To address this, we developed a novel algorithm for detecting FoG events based on movement signals. To enhance efficiency, we propose a novel architecture integrating a bottleneck attention module into a standard bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM). This architecture, adaptable to a convolution bottleneck attention–BiLSTM (CBA‐BiLSTM), classifies signals using data from ankle, leg, and trunk sensors.

Finding

Given three movement directions from three locations, we reduce computational complexity in two phases: selecting optimal channels through ensemble learning followed by feature reduction using attention mapping. In FoG event detection tests, performance improved significantly compared to control groups and existing methods, achieving 99.88% accuracy with only two channels.

Conclusion

The reduced computational complexity enables real‐time monitoring. Our approach demonstrates substantial improvements in classification results compared to traditional deep learning methods.
Efficacy of Duloxetine for Postspine Surgery Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alshehri Faisal , Alasiri Naif , Alhomoud Fatimah , Alsaegh Shouq , Alrasheed Mohammed , Aljaddua Salem , Alasiri Ali , Boukhari Asma , Alhussain Abdulmonem Ali , Chaurasia Bipin , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: January 2025

Background

Duloxetine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is used to treat various health conditions, including major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia, and off‐label for chemotherapy‐induced pain. We conducted this systematic review and meta‐analysis aiming to test the current evidence regarding effectiveness and safety of duloxetine for postspine surgeries pain.

Methods

We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus and Web of science databases for relevant articles up to March 2024. The following search terms were Used in combination using the Boolean operators ((Duloxetine Hydrochloride) AND ((Pain, Postoperative) OR (Postoperative Period) OR (Postoperative Cognitive Complications) OR (Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia) OR (Postoperative Care) OR (spine surgery)) without time constrain for the search. Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan version 5.4) on the extracted outcome data that present in at least 3 of the included studies. Mean difference (MD) was used as the effect size for continuous outcomes with a 95% confidence interval (CI) or standardized mean difference (SMD) in case of different outcome reporting scales.

Results

Pooled analysis showed that duloxetine significantly reduces pain intensity after 24 h from the operation compared to placebo (SMD = −1.11, 95% CI [−2.16 to −0.07], p = 0.04) with no significant difference in pain after 2 and 48 h. Meta‐analysis revealed that duloxetine shows a significant reduction in the amount of analgesic consumption after 24 h postoperative; (MD = −3.33, 95% CI [−5.53 to −1.13], p = 0.003). The analysis did not show any statistically significant difference between duloxetine and placebo in patients experiencing nausea or vomiting (RR = 1.37, 95% CI [0.62 to 3.00]

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that duloxetine may be effective in reducing pain 24 h after spine surgery. Furthermore, there is a promising effect of duloxetine in treating chronic postoperative pain. However, it is important to acknowledge that further research is warranted to thoroughly evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine for relieving chronic postoperative pain.
A Neural Circuit From Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus to the Nucleus Accumbens Mediates Inflammatory Pain in Mice
Authors: Liu Xi , Zhang Xi , Wang Dongxu , Cao Ya , Zhang Ling , Li Zhonghua , Zhang Qin , Shen Yu , Lu Xian , Fan Keyu , Liu Mingxia , Wei Jingqiu , Hu Siping , Liu He
Published: January 2025

Background

Pain is a prevalent comorbidity in numerous clinical conditions and causes suffering; however, the mechanism of pain is intricate, and the neural circuitry underlying pain in the brain remains incompletely elucidated. More research into the perception and modulation of pain within the central nervous system is essential. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of animal behavior, and extensive research has unequivocally demonstrated its significant involvement in the occurrence and development of pain. NAc receives projections from various other neural nuclei within the brain, including the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT). In this experiment, we demonstrate that the specific glutamatergic neural circuit projection from PVT to NAc (PVTGlut→NAc) is implicated in the modulation of inflammatory pain in mice.

Methods

We compared the difference in pain thresholds between complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced inflammatory pain models and controls. Then in a well‐established mouse model of CFA‐induced inflammatory pain, immunofluorescence staining was utilized to evaluate changes in c‐Fos protein expression within PVT neurons. To investigate the role of PVTGlut→NAc in the modulation of pain, we used optogenetics to modulate this neural circuit, and nociceptive behavioral tests were employed to investigate the functional role of the PVTGlut→NAc circuit in the modulation of inflammatory pain.

Results

In the mice with the inflammatory pain group, both the paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) and paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) of the right hind paw were decreased compared to the control group. In addition, compared to the control group, CFA‐induced inflammatory pain led to increased c‐Fos protein expression in PVT, which means that some of the neurons in this area of the brain region have been activated. Following the injection of retrograde transport fluorescent‐labeled virus into NAc, glutamatergic neurons projecting from the PVT to NAc were observed, confirming the projection relationship between PVT and NAc. In the experiments in optogenetic regulation, normal mice exhibited pain behavior when the PVTGlut→NAc circuit was stimulated by a 473 nm blue laser, resulting in decreased PWLs and PWTs compared to the control group, which means activating this neural circuit can lead to painful behaviors. In the CFA‐induced pain group, inhibition of the PVTGlut→NAc circuit by a 589 nm yellow laser alleviated pain behavior, leading to increased PWLs and PWTs compared to the control group, representing the fact that inhibition of this neural circuit relieves pain behaviors.

Conclusions

The findings unveil a pivotal role of the PVTGlut→NAc circuit in modulating inflammatory pain induced by CFA in mice.
The Implementation of the Biopsychosocial Model: Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Hinostroza Fernando , Mahr Michele M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This extensive literature review investigates the relationship between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), focusing on the neurobiological changes associated with their co‐occurrence. Given that these disorders frequently coexist, we analyze mechanisms through which alcohol serves as a coping strategy for PTSD symptoms, particularly highlighting the drinking‐to‐cope self‐medication model, which suggests that alcohol use exacerbates PTSD symptoms and complicates recovery.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, to identify studies examining the intersection of the biopsychosocial model with PTSD, AUD, and associated neural alterations.

Results

Findings demonstrate that chronic PTSD is associated with progressive dysfunction in the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and white matter pathways. Also, our findings underscore alterations within the reward system, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis that contribute to the pathophysiology of AUD. Our results support the notion that a biopsychosocial framework is essential for contemporary addiction treatment, particularly in the context of alcohol addiction and PTSD.

Conclusion

PTSD frequently leads individuals to use alcohol as a maladaptive coping strategy, ultimately resulting in neuroadaptive alterations across critical brain regions. These neurobiological changes contribute to the development and maintenance of AUD. The findings reiterate the necessity of employing a biopsychosocial model in treating individuals grappling with both PTSD and AUD. This model allows for a comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges faced by this population, integrating biological, psychological, and social factors that influence recovery.
Suicide in Bangladesh: An Ecological Systems Analysis
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Saleem Tamkeen
Published: January 2025

Background

Suicide happens due to a complex interaction among multiple factors. Hence, prevention strategies should consider a wider range of personal and ecological aspects. It is an underprioritized public health problem in Bangladesh where risk factors for suicide have been poorly studied, and there is no national suicide prevention strategy. Therefore, exploring socioecological aspects of suicidal behavior would foster suicide prevention in the country.

Objectives

We aim to discuss the ecological model for suicide and suicide prevention in Bangladesh.

Methods

We performed a narrative review and organized the risk factors and prevention strategies according to the socioecological model in the context of Bangladesh. We used ecological systems to analyze risk factors for suicide and suicide prevention strategies in the country.

Results

Based on the available evidence, we categorized the risk factors for suicide into ontogenic system, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. In addition, we contextualized the existing suicide prevention initiatives and potential suicide prevention strategies in ontogenic system, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.

Conclusions

This article explored suicide and suicide prevention in Bangladesh through the lens of ecological systems theory that may foster the formulation of a national suicide prevention strategy in the country.
Elevated Serum Homocysteine Levels Impair Embryonic Neurodevelopment by Dysregulating the Heat Shock Proteins
Authors: Mai Jia , Yang Ling , Wang Min , Deng Jia‐Min , Min Min , Xie Hong‐Jian , Jiang Yong‐Mei , Sun Hua‐Qin , Liu Xiao‐Juan
Published: January 2025

Observational studies have found that elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels during pregnancy may be associated with the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the effect of Hcy on fetal neural development and its underlying molecular mechanisms remains unclear. To uncover the molecular mechanism, we analyzed the serum Hcy concentration in pregnant women with normal and abnormal pregnancy outcomes and treated zebrafish model embryos with high Hcy. Our findings indicate that elevated serum Hcy levels during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Using the zebrafish model and transcriptome analysis, we found that high Hcy levels led to developmental neural malformations in embryos and affected the expression of key genes at various stages of neural development. Interestingly, deep transcriptome analysis showed that dysregulated heat shock proteins (HSP) might play a key role in high Hcy‐mediated alterations in neural development. Importantly, the inhibition of HSP significantly restored the embryonic neuroteratogenic effects induced by high Hcy levels in the zebrafish model. In summary, our findings provide a novel molecular pathogenic mechanism in which ectopic HSP is associated with neural development defects caused by high Hcy levels, suggesting potential prevention and targeted therapies for high Hcy level‐related NTDs during pregnancy.
Diastereoselective Entry to Novel Aminoindolizidines with Fused Furan, Thiophene, and Pyrrole Ring Starting from L‐Glutamic Acid
Authors: Fraňová Paula , Šafář Peter , Moncoľ Ján , Žídeková Ivana , Daïch Adam , Marchalín Štefan
Published: January 2025

A series of novel optically pure aminoindolizidines featuring fused tetrahydro‐furan, thiophene, or pyrrole ring were synthesized from the proteinogenic L‐glutamic acid as a chiral precursor and a nitrogen atom source. The synthetic sequence employed tricyclic indolizidinols as advanced building blocks, which were prepared on a gram‐scale from bioavailable reagents. Key transformations within the used synthetic sequence included diastereoselective Thompson azidation, Staudinger reduction, Jurjew reaction, and highly diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation. These steps facilitated the efficient and stereoselective synthesis of the ultimate amino‐ and N‐acetylamino‐indolizidines.
持続頭蓋内圧測定が有用であった中等症穿通性脳損傷の1例(Successful management of penetrating moderate traumatic brain injury using intracranial pressure monitoring: A case report)
Authors: 聡汰 若原 , 良 山元 , 一希 松村 , 崇行 渋沢 , 智宏 栗原 , 淳 並木 , 淳一 佐々木
Published: January 2025

30歳代の男性。他害のナイフによる頭部・胸部の多発刺創で搬送された。来院時Glasgow Coma Scale（GCS）13（E3V4M6）で瞳孔不同があり，頭部CTで鼻根部から右前頭葉に達する穿通性脳損傷を認めた。受傷後3時間でGCS 10（E2V3M5）へ低下し，頭部CTにて脳室内血腫による水頭症を認めた。脳室ドレナージを行い，脳実質にintracranial pressure（ICP）モニターを留置した。術後は浸透圧利尿薬の投与などによるICPの制御を行ったが，第4病日に治療抵抗性のICP上昇を認めた。画像検査ではICP上昇の原因は明らかではなく，脳波検査が実施できなかったが非痙攣性てんかん重積（non–convulsive status epilepticus: NCSE）なども鑑別に挙げ，てんかん重積治療効果を含めICP降下作用を期待してバルビツレートを開始し，ICPは正常化した。その後は意識レベルは改善し，リハビリ病院へ転院，6か月後の転帰はGlasgow Outcome Scale moderate disabilityであった。穿通性脳損傷では，外傷性てんかんなどの合併症が多いため，GCS 9–13の中等症外傷性脳損傷であっても，ICPモニタリングを含めた神経集中治療を積極的に開始し，難治性のICP上昇に対してはバルビツレート療法なども考慮すべきと考えられる。
Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease: An ESPGHAN position paper from the Hepatology Committee and the IBD Porto group
Authors: van Rheenen Patrick F. , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Russell Richard K. , Aloi Marina , Deganello Annamaria , Hussey Séamus , Junge Norman , De Laffolie Jan , Deneau Mark R. , Fitzpatrick Emer , Griffiths Anne M. , Hojsak Iva , Nicastro Emanuele , Nita Andreia , Pakarinen Mikko , Ricciuto Amanda , de Ridder Lissy , Sonzogni Aurelio , Tenca Andrea , Samyn Marianne , Indolfi Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Objective

We aimed to provide an evidence‐supported approach to diagnose, monitor, and treat children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Methods

The core group formulated seven PICO‐structured clinical questions. A systematic literature search from inception to December 2022 was conducted by a medical librarian using MEDLINE and EMBASE. Core messages from the literature were phrased as position statements and then circulated to a sounding board composed of international experts in pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology, histopathology, adult gastroenterology and hepatology, radiology, and surgery. Statements reaching at least 80% agreement were considered as final. The other statements were refined and then subjected to a second online vote or rejection.

Results

Regular screening for gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) is essential for detecting possible biliary disease in children with IBD. MR cholangiopancreatography is the radiological modality of choice for establishing the diagnosis of PSC. Liver biopsy is relevant in the evaluation of small duct PSC or autoimmune hepatitis. Children who do not have known IBD at the time of PSC diagnosis should undergo initial screening with fecal calprotectin for asymptomatic colitis, and then at least once yearly thereafter. Children with a cholestatic liver enzyme profile can be considered for treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid and can continue if there is a meaningful reduction or normalization in GGT. Oral vancomycin may have a beneficial effect on GGT and intestinal inflammation, but judicious use is recommended due to the lack of long‐term studies. Children with PSC–IBD combined with convincing features of autoimmune hepatitis may benefit from corticosteroids and antimetabolites.

Conclusions

We present state‐of‐the‐art guidance on the diagnostic criteria, follow‐up strategies, and therapeutic strategies and point out research gaps in children and adolescents with PSC–IBD.
A Comparative Study between Thiol‐Ene and Acrylate Photocrosslinkable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Inks for Digital Light Processing
Authors: Steudter Therese , Lam Tobias , Pirmahboub Hamidreza , Stoppel Christian , Kloke Lutz , Pearson Samuel , del Campo Aránzazu
Published: January 2025

Photocrosslinkable formulations based on the radical thiol‐ene reaction are considered better alternatives than methacrylated counterparts for light‐based fabrication processes. This study quantifies differences between thiol‐ene and methacrylated crosslinked hydrogels in terms of precursors stability, the control of the crosslinking process, and the resolution of printed features particularized for hyaluronic acid (HA) inks at concentrations relevant for bioprinting. First, the synthesis of HA functionalized with norbornene, allyl ether, or methacrylate groups with the same molecular weight and comparable degrees of functionalization is presented. The thiol‐ene hydrogel precursors show storage stability over 15 months, 3.8 times higher than the methacrylated derivative. Photorheology experiments demonstrate up to 4.7‐times faster photocrosslinking. Network formation in photoinitiated thiol‐ene HA crosslinking allows higher temporal control than in methacrylated HA, which shows long post‐illumination hardening. Using digital light processing, 4% w/v HA hydrogels crosslinked with a dithiol allowed printing of 13.5 × 4 × 1 mm3 layers with holes of 100 µm resolution within 2 s. This is the smallest feature size demonstrated in DLP printing with HA‐based thiol‐ene hydrogels. The results are important to estimate the extent to which the synthetic effort of introducing –ene functions can pay off in the printing step.
Summary of Recommendations for the Future
Authors: Montagna Paul A. , Douglas Audrey R.
Published: January 2025

While freshwater inflow (FWI) needs for the maintenance of estuary health have long been acknowledged, environmental flow standards or, specifically, FWI standards are still uncommon. Where they exist, they are rapidly evolving over time. Texas, USA, has been working on this problem since the 1960s. Through several iterations, the legal and regulatory framework evolved from a species management approach to an ecosystem-based management one. More recently, based on extensive scientific research, Texas adopted FWI standards for all the major bay systems between 2011 and 2014. After a decade however, new technical questions and problems have arisen. There are at least five major needs for the future: (1) While there is a lot of data, little of it is focused sufficiently to define estuary responses to inflow in a way that there are clear connections between physical characteristics and biological responses, so a state-wide monitoring approach is needed. (2) The physics-based models of circulation that are typically applied to Texas bays and estuaries are not up to the current scientific methods, so 3-D models are needed as well as updated bathymetry, shoreline locations, and salinity monitoring to calibrate and validate the models. (3) More mechanistic studies are needed that specifically link the biological response to physical dynamics, and this will be easier if the prior recommendations are enacted. (4) Because of the semi-arid climate, there will never be enough water to dilute salinity in all bay systems, especially in central and south Texas, so a focused approach to protect key nursery habitats during droughts is needed. (5) Finally, the FWI standards are complex, 3-D, hydrology tables that are difficult to apply, so a simpler approach is needed that specifically is linked to biological outcomes. This last recommendation may be impossible to implement if the first four are not implemented. While enormous progress has been made in Texas, there is still more to do, but the history of these activities can serve as a guide to any organization interested in the conservation, restoration, enhancement, or protection of estuaries anywhere in the world.
Physical and Biogeochemical Conditions and Trends in Texas Estuaries
Authors: Hu Xinping , Yin Hang
Published: January 2025

To explore long-term changes in Texas estuaries, both physical (temperature and salinity) and biogeochemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, total titration alkalinity, and pH) were examined for their long-term trends. Warming is found in all estuaries, consistent with observed warming in the Gulf of Mexico, and long-term salinity increase is also found in most of the examined stations, indicating a reduction in freshwater inflow, except in the northernmost estuary (i.e., Sabine Lake) and few secondary bays to the south, and the latter are subject to inflow management. Dissolved oxygen concentration decrease predominantly in mid-coast estuaries exceeds the extent that can be explained by warming and salinity increase, and this decrease appears to be consistent with the decrease in total organic carbon concentration. Freshwater inflow reduction may be responsible for the decrease in allochthonous organic carbon input, and both inflow-related nutrient reduction and nutrient pollution management also lead to reduced autochthonous organic carbon production. Freshwater inflow decline, the resulted increase in estuarine residence time, and associated more pronounced biogeochemical reactions may all contribute to total alkalinity consumption and increase in estuarine acidity. These changes highlight the importance of freshwater inflow on estuarine biogeochemistry in this climate transition zone, which requires sustained monitoring and continued investigations.
Introduction
Authors: Erbil Duygu , Rigney Ann , Vlessing Clara
Published: January 2025

This introductory essay situates the volume at the point of intersection between the fields of memory, life writing and social movements. It sets out an approach to life writing as a relational and intersubjective form of memory work that connects individual and collective experience. Using this framework and with reference to its seven case studies, it shows the value of life writing in activism, both in advocating for particular causes and in shaping the meaning of contentious action.
Can the Monster Speak? Ventriloquism and Voice in Trans Activist Life Writing
Authors: Poletti Anna
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines Paul B. Preciado’s use of life writing as a means of producing cultural memory about trans peoples’ encounters with the mental health profession. Using the framework of testimonial injustice developed by Miranda Fricker, it argues that Preciado’s 2020 book Can the Monster Speak? is an example of life writing that seeks to reposition trans people as holders of knowledge about gender and sexuality who have been wronged by the medical profession’s use of pathologising discourses that designate trans desires and subjectivities as illnesses requiring treatment. The chapter examines Preciado’s use of the aesthetic strategies of intertextuality and ventriloquism to narrate and contest the position of trans people as patients. It closely reads Preciado’s sustained interweaving of the characters and themes of the writing of Franz Kafka with the figure of the monster, which has a rich history in trans life writing and theory. The chapter shows how life writing can be a means of producing cultural memory from a subjugated position, in this case by repositioning trans subjects from having a place within the history of medical discourse as patients to being agents of memory who narrate the complex history of interactions between trans people and the medical profession.
Writing Louise Michel: The Formation and Development of a Mythologised Revolutionary
Authors: Vlessing Clara
Published: January 2025

This chapter looks at the cultural afterlives of the nineteenth-century anarchist Louise Michel (1830–1905). It argues that a dynamic of mythologisation has consistently underpinned the long durée recollection of Michel’s unequivocally contentious life. Through an overview of mediations of Michel’s life and person, from those produced during her lifetime to the present day, including both her memoirs and written accounts of her life by subsequent remembering subjects, the chapter shows that she has often been represented as a superlative or superhuman figure. Questioning the mechanisms behind and effects of Michel’s remembrance in hyperbolic and abstracted forms, it argues that Michel’s radicalism and gender have played a central role in her mythologisation.
Trogocytosis-mediated immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun , Park Soyeon , Kim Jungseo , Kim Yewon , Yoon Hong Min , Rayhan Bima Rexa , Jeong Jaekwang , Bothwell Alfred L. M. , Shin Jae Hun
Published: January 2025

Trogocytosis is a dynamic cellular process characterized by the exchange of the plasma membrane and associated cytosol during cell-to-cell interactions. Unlike phagocytosis, this transfer maintains the surface localization of transferred membrane molecules. For example, CD4 T cells engaging with antigen-presenting cells undergo trogocytosis, which facilitates the transfer of antigen-loaded major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules from antigen-presenting cells to CD4 T cells. This transfer results in the formation of antigen-loaded MHC class II molecule-dressed CD4 T cells. These “dressed” CD4 T cells subsequently participate in antigen presentation to other CD4 T cells. Additionally, trogocytosis enables the acquisition of immune-regulatory molecules, such as CTLA-4 and Tim3, in recipient cells, thereby modulating their anti-tumor immunity. Concurrently, donor cells undergo plasma membrane loss, and substantial loss can trigger trogocytosis-mediated cell death, termed trogoptosis. This review aims to explore the trogocytosis-mediated transfer of immune regulatory molecules and their implications within the tumor microenvironment to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune evasion in cancers.
Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastases
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhou Bolun , Dou Lizhou , Guo Lei , Li Yong , Qin Jianjun , Wang Zhen , Huai Qilin , Xue Xuemin , Li Yin , Ying Jianming , Xue Qi , Gao Shugeng , He Jie
Published: January 2025

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients often face a grim prognosis due to lymph node metastasis. However, a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular characteristics of metastatic lymph nodes in ESCC remains elusive. In this study involving 12 metastatic ESCC patients, we employed single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics (ST), and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to explore the spatial and molecular attributes of primary tumor samples, adjacent tissues, metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. The analysis of 161,333 cells revealed specific subclusters of epithelial cells that were significantly enriched in metastatic lymph nodes, suggesting pro-metastatic characteristics. Furthermore, stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, including MMP3+IL24+ fibroblasts, APLN+ endothelial cells, and CXCL12+ pericytes, were implicated in ESCC metastasis through angiogenesis, collagen production, and inflammatory responses. Exhausted CD8+ T cells in a cycling status were notably prevalent in metastatic lymph nodes, indicating their potential role in facilitating metastasis. We identified distinct cell-cell communication networks and specific ligand-receptor pathways. Our findings were validated through a spatial transcriptome map and mIHC. This study enhances our comprehension of the cellular and molecular aspects of metastatic lymph nodes in ESCC patients, offering potential insights into novel therapeutic strategies for these individuals.
Multi-resolution analysis for high-fidelity deconvolution microscopy
Authors: Liu Baolei , Wang Fan
Published: January 2025

A fidelity-ensured multi-resolution analysis deconvolution algorithm significantly enhances fluorescence microscopy’s resolution and noise control, enabling more accurate and detailed imaging for advanced biological research applications.
Membrane-targeted push-pull azobenzenes for the optical modulation of membrane potential
Authors: Sesti Valentina , Magni Arianna , Moschetta Matteo , Florindi Chiara , Pfeffer Marlene E. , DiFrancesco Mattia Lorenzo , Guizzardi Michele , Folpini Giulia , Sala Luca , Ritacca Alessandra Gilda , Campanelli Beatrice , Moretti Paola , Paternò Giuseppe Maria , Maragliano Luca , Tommasini Matteo , Lodola Francesco , Colombo Elisabetta , Benfenati Fabio , Bertarelli Chiara , Lanzani Guglielmo
Published: January 2025

We introduce a family of membrane-targeted azobenzenes (MTs) with a push-pull character as a new tool for cell stimulation. These molecules are water soluble and spontaneously partition in the cell membrane. Upon light irradiation, they isomerize from trans to cis, changing the local charge distribution and thus stimulating the cell response. Specifically, MTs photoisomerization induces clear and reproducible depolarization. The most promising species, MTP2, was extensively studied. Time-resolved spectroscopy techniques provide insights into the excited state evolution and a complete understanding of its isomerization reaction. Molecular Dynamics simulations reveal the spontaneous and stable partitioning of the compound into the cellular membrane, without significant alterations to the bilayer thickness. MTP2 was tested in different cell types, including HEK293T cells, primary neurons, and cardiomyocytes, and a steady depolarization is always recorded. The observed membrane potential modulation in in-vitro models is attributed to the variation in membrane surface charge, resulting from the light-driven modulation of the MT dipole moment within the cell membrane. Additionally, a developed mathematical model successfully captures the temporal evolution of the membrane potential upon photostimulation. Despite being insufficient for triggering action potentials, the rapid light-induced depolarization holds potential applications, particularly in cardiac electrophysiology. Low-intensity optical stimulation with these modulators could influence cardiac electrical activity, demonstrating potential efficacy in destabilizing and terminating cardiac arrhythmias. We anticipate the MTs approach to find applications in neuroscience, biomedicine, and biophotonics, providing a tool for modulating cell physiology without genetic interventions.
Near-infrared germanium PIN-photodiodes with >1A/W responsivity
Authors: Liu Hanchen , Pasanen Toni P. , Fung Tsun Hang , Isometsä Joonas , Haarahiltunen Antti , Hesse Steven , Werner Lutz , Vähänissi Ville , Savin Hele
Published: January 2025

Even though efficient near-infrared (NIR) detection is critical for numerous applications, state-of-the-art NIR detectors either suffer from limited capability of detecting incoming photons, i.e., have poor spectral responsivity, or are made of expensive group III-V non-CMOS compatible materials. Here we present a nanoengineered PIN-photodiode made of CMOS-compatible germanium (Ge) that achieves a verified external quantum efficiency (EQE) above 90% over a wide wavelength range (1.2–1.6 µm) at zero bias voltage at room temperature. For instance, at 1.55 µm, this corresponds to a responsivity of 1.15 A/W. In addition to the excellent spectral responsivity at NIR, the performance at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths remains high (EQE exceeds even 100% below 300 nm) resulting in an exceptionally wide spectral response range. The high performance is achieved by minimizing optical losses using surface nanostructures and electrical losses using both conformal atomic-layer-deposited aluminum oxide surface passivation and dielectric induced electric field -based carrier collection instead of conventional pn-junction. The dark current density of 76 µA/cm2 measured at a reverse bias of 5 V is lower than previously reported for Ge photodiodes. The presented results should have an immediate impact on the design and manufacturing of Ge photodiodes and NIR detection in general.
Optical sectioning methods in three-dimensional bioimaging
Authors: Zhang Jing , Qiao Wei , Jin Rui , Li Hongjin , Gong Hui , Chen Shih-Chi , Luo Qingming , Yuan Jing
Published: January 2025

In recent advancements in life sciences, optical microscopy has played a crucial role in acquiring high-quality three-dimensional structural and functional information. However, the quality of 3D images is often compromised due to the intense scattering effect in biological tissues, compounded by several issues such as limited spatiotemporal resolution, low signal-to-noise ratio, inadequate depth of penetration, and high phototoxicity. Although various optical sectioning techniques have been developed to address these challenges, each method adheres to distinct imaging principles for specific applications. As a result, the effective selection of suitable optical sectioning techniques across diverse imaging scenarios has become crucial yet challenging. This paper comprehensively overviews existing optical sectioning techniques and selection guidance under different imaging scenarios. Specifically, we categorize the microscope design based on the spatial relationship between the illumination and detection axis, i.e., on-axis and off-axis. This classification provides a unique perspective to compare the implementation and performances of various optical sectioning approaches. Lastly, we integrate selected optical sectioning methods on a custom-built off-axis imaging system and present a unique perspective for the future development of optical sectioning techniques.
Asparagine endopeptidase regulates lysosome homeostasis via modulating endomembrane phosphoinositide composition
Authors: Yao Linli , Zi GuangHui , He Miao , Xu Yuhong , Wang Lulu , Peng Baowei
Published: January 2025

Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is ubiquitously expressed in both physiological and pathological contexts, yet its precise role and functional mechanism in breast cancer remain elusive. Here, we identified increased AEP expression in breast cancer tissues, which correlated with poorer survival rates and a propensity for lung metastasis among breast cancer patients. Loss of AEP impaired colony formation by breast cancer cells in vitro and suppressed lung metastasis in mice. By Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis, we uncovered a positive association between aberrant AEP expression and autophagy as well as lysosomal function. Loss of AEP in breast cancer cells led to reduced autophagosome clearance and impaired lysosomal degradation. Mechanically, by co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro enzymatic cleavage assays, we identified the regulatory subunit p85 of class IA PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), as a substrate of AEP. Loss of AEP led to elevated endo/lysosomal PI3K activity and subsequent conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2) to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) on endo/lysosome membranes. Notably, the novel function of endo/lysosomal PI3K which was differently with its role in cytomembrane, was revealed by pharmacological inhibition with a potent endo/lysosomal PI3K inhibitor PIK75. PIK75 treatment showed increased vacuolar-ATPase assembly endo/lysosome membranes, prevented over lysosome perinuclear clustering/fusion and enhanced autophagosome clearance. Our findings demonstrate that AEP regulates cellular autophagy by modulating lysosomal function through its control over endo/lysosomal PI3K activity. These results suggest that AEP may serve as a potential target for suppressing metabolic adaptations in cancer.
Development of a novel and affordable point-of-care kit for rapid detection of urea and glucose adulteration in cow milk
Authors: Bharwani Harsha , Kapur Suman , Palani Sankar Ganesh
Published: January 2025

Development of rapid, field-operable, and reusable kits for the detection of urea and glucose in cow milk without sample preprocessing.
Structure–activity relationship expansion and microsomal stability assessment of the 2-morpholinobenzoic acid scaffold as antiproliferative phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitors
Authors: Rees Shaun W. P. , Rees Tayla A. , Paulin Emily K. , Arnerich Olivia R. , Leung Euphemia , Walker Christopher S. , Barker David , Pilkington Lisa I.
Published: January 2025

Novel analogues of PC-PLC inhibitors were studied, with the 1-acyl-2-morpholino-5-N-benzylamine central scaffold found to be the optimal pharmacophore. This family demonstrates a high degree of stability following treatment with rat microsomes.
Process-based screening of porous materials for vacuum swing adsorption based on 1D classical density functional theory and PC-SAFT
Authors: Mayer Fabian , Buhk Benedikt , Schilling Johannes , Rehner Philipp , Gross Joachim , Bardow André
Published: January 2025

Integrating a thermodynamic model for solid–fluid interactions into a process model to screen nanoporous materials for carbon capture.
A responsive cocktail nano-strategy breaking the immune excluded state enhances immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Yang Jingxian , Chen Mengyao , Li Ruihao , Sun Yanting , Ye Pingting , Fang Kang , Wang Chunhui , Shi Shuo , Dong Chunyan
Published: January 2025

A triad responsive nano-delivery system was constructed to disrupt TNBC immune exclusion by enhancing infiltration, activating the STING pathway, and improving immune checkpoint inhibition, leading to effective tumor cell killing.
Plasmon hybridization model in molecules: molecular jackhammers
Authors: Ayala-Orozco Ciceron , Li Bowen , Li Gang , Tour James M.
Published: January 2025

A molecular plasmon hybridization model and its implications in molecular jackhammers, a class of rapidly vibrating molecules that vibrate as a molecular plasmon couple to a whole-molecule vibration.
Simultaneously boosting electrical and thermal transport properties of CuGaTe2 through XCl2 (X = Cd, Zn) doping-driven band and defect engineering
Authors: Luo Sitong , Liang Jingxuan , Wei Zhibo , Du Yifan , Lv Liang , Jiang Yuntian , Zheng Shuqi , Song Weiyu , Zhang Zipei
Published: January 2025

The structure of CuGaTe2 has been optimized by the introduction of XCl2 (X = Cd, Zn), which creates acceptor defects and nanopores. This synergistically improves the thermoelectric and mechanical properties.
The Elements of Style for Interruptive Electronic Health Record Alerts
Authors: Pourian Jessica , Subramanian Charumathi , Blebea Catherine , Auerbach Andrew D. , Khanna Raman
Published: January 2025

Background: The proliferation of electronic health record (EHR) alerts has led to widespread alert fatigue and clinician burnout, undermining the effectiveness of clinical decision support and compromising patient safety.
Objective: We introduce a comprehensive style guide for designing interruptive alerts (IAs) in EHR systems to improve clinician engagement and reduce alert fatigue that has been approved by our institutional alert governance committees. This style guide addresses critical aspects of IAs, including format, typography, color-coding, title brevity, patient identification, and introductory text. It also outlines the use of typographic emphasis, response options, default actions, and opt-out mechanisms, emphasizing the need for clear, concise, and actionable alerts that consider clinician workflow and cognitive burden.
Discussion: A standardized style guide for IAs can enhance clinician experience and clinical outcomes by reducing alert fatigue. Incorporating feedback and continuous evaluation of alert effectiveness is essential for maintaining relevance and supporting patient care within a dynamic clinical environment.
ALT Donor Area Compartment Syndrome: A Rare and Devastating Complication
Authors: Alsina Gloria , Nunez-Villaveirán Teresa , Camporro Daniel , Martin Clara
Published: January 2025

We present two cases of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) in the donor area of an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, with extensive necrosis of the quadriceps muscle. An innervated latissimus dorsi (LD) flap was used to cover the defect and restore functionality of the lower extremity. ACS in the ALT donor area is extraordinarily uncommon. Its mechanism seems to be multifactorial, being more frequent in young athletic males and, possibly, in patients with anatomical vascular variations. It is important to detect it promptly to prevent irreversible muscular ischemia. Intense pain is an alarm sign but might be absent in patients with epidural infusion pumps. We recommend caution with the use of this analgesia and frequent monitoring of the donor area during the early postoperative period. The free functional LD muscle flap is an option to treat full-thickness quadriceps damage, allowing for wound closure, soft-tissue coverage, and restoration of the knee extension movement.
Defining and Achieving High-Quality Colon Cancer Surgery
Authors: Morris Arden M. , Kin Cindy J.
Published: January 2025

There have been extensive efforts to improve the quality of colon cancer surgery to reduce variation in practice and improve outcomes. Providing the most appropriate care begins with following guidelines for preoperative diagnostics and staging, which should lead to risk stratification, high-quality counselling, and even prehabilitation before an operation. Intraoperatively, adherence to standardized surgical protocols can enhance delivery of high-quality care, and documenting using synoptic formats can reduce ambiguity. Participating in programs that track data and provide feedback can further allow hospitals and surgeons to identify patterns and opportunities to improve the care they deliver.
From quantum cheating to quantum security
Authors: Gottesman Daniel , Lo Hoi-Kwong
Published: January 2025

For thousands of years, code-makers and code-breakers have been competing for supremacy. Their arsenals may soon include a powerful new weapon: quantum mechanics.
Magic moments with John Bell
Authors: Bertlmann Reinhold A.
Published: January 2025

John Bell, with whom I had a fruitful collaboration and warm friendship, is best known for his seminal work on the foundations of quantum physics, but he also made outstanding contributions to particle physics and accelerator physics.