bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the farm gate: addressing labour and human right issues occurring downstream in the textiles and apparel value chain
Authors: Boersma Martijn , Mellick Zoe , Payne Alice , Coneybeer Justine , Maguire Rowena , O'Brien Erin , Rissanen Timo
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Our research seeks to understand how actors in the Australian cotton industry can address downstream labour and human rights risks in the textiles and apparel value chain.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking the Australian cotton industry as the site of our action research project, we conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of 19 interviews, supplemented by industry engagement and desktop research.

Findings

We identify seven opportunities for action by the Australian cotton industry to address downstream labour and human rights risks, which are articulated in the context of a strategic enforcement approach.

Originality/value

The research focuses on opportunities for action to address downstream labour and human rights risks, thereby going beyond the traditional interventions by fashion brands and retailers that target upstream actors.
Patent value evaluation based on Bayesian optimized XGBoost model
Authors: Gao Panjun , Qi Yong , Zhao Hongye , Li Xing
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to address the critical need for patent value evaluation within patent management, particularly in the context of the digital economy. Recognizing the importance of utilizing historical data, this research aims to uncover effective methodologies that enhance the appraisal of patent value, which is vital for informed decision-making in the management of scientific and technological advancements.

Design/methodology/approach

This study introduces a comprehensive evaluation model by analyzing various factors that influence patent value. An index system is constructed that integrates technical, economic and legal aspects to facilitate a nuanced assessment of patents. The methodological core of this research is the development of an XGBoost patent value appraisal model, which incorporates Bayesian optimization to refine the evaluation process. The model’s validity is tested through empirical analysis of patents in the rapidly evolving sector of cloud computing.

Findings

The empirical results demonstrate that the XGBoost model, strengthened by Bayesian optimization, outperforms traditional categorization techniques. The proposed model shows superior performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall rate and operational feasibility. These findings indicate a significant improvement in the precision of patent potential and value assessments, leading to more reliable and actionable insights for patent management.

Originality/value

This study introduces a novel patent evaluation model that combines XGBoost with Bayesian optimization. XGBoost enhances performance by integrating weak learners, ideal for complex, nonlinear problems like patent valuation. Bayesian optimization refines hyperparameters efficiently using prior distributions and known results. Its practical implications for patent management and technology exploration are substantial, offering a new tool for strategic decision-making.
The evolution of the content of the “right to work” for refugees within the contemporary international human rights system
Authors: ElBatrawy Farah
Published: January 2025

Purpose

With the multiple crises unfolding worldwide, the number of refugees has been increasing. One of the fundamental rights central to the well-being and protection of refugees is the “right to work,” and this paper aims to investigate how the right to work for refugees evolved from an international normative perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employs a legal analysis approach in examining the texts of selected legal and policy instruments around the “right to work” to analyse how this right has evolved but with a specific emphasis on the three elements of decent work”: (1) access to the labour market, (2) conditions of work and (3) social protection.

Findings

The paper finds that the elements of decent work have been more or less tackled within the different instruments under review; however, they are almost never in the same clause that relates to the right to work. Social protection is always stated in different standalone clauses. There has also been a shift throughout the instruments in the role of the host states, with a softer language on the responsibilities host states should assume.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature on refugee rights by showing how each of the elements of decent work has evolved through the different legal and policy instruments, contributing to a stronger interpretation of the right to work for refugees as the right to decent work.
Information sharing in agri-food supply chains: insights from the Kenya dairy supply chain
Authors: Obonyo Edwin , Formentini Marco , Ndiritu S. Wagura
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore information sharing (IS) in triadic supply chain relationships through social capital lenses in the Kenyan dairy supply chain context, a setting challenged by the need to increase transparency and improve supply chain performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a multiple-case study design. Data was collected using a range of methods, including semi-structured interviews. Six cases with a triadic unit of analysis were identified and analyzed within the Kenya dairy supply chain.

Findings

The study finds that IS and the presence of social capital hinge on the type of triad and the size of the involved suppliers. The study discovers different outcomes of IS on the development of social capital, highlighting the challenges for buyers to develop social capital with second-tier suppliers, while it may be beneficial for horizontal relationships between first-tier suppliers.

Originality/value

This study contributes to extant literature on IS in supply chains by exploring different types of triadic relationships in dairy supply chains in an emerging country context. The type of triad is an antecedent of information, providing a unique and novel insight. Furthermore, the study highlights distinct contextual characteristics of Africa that can influence the IS process.
Business process improvements using SERVQUAL, FMEA and text-mining methods for processing the voice of customer
Authors: Ghifari Zakka Hammadi , Astanti Ririn Diar
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study proposes a new framework for business process improvement (BPI) by identifying areas of improvement based on customer complaints.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed framework comprises several stages. The first stage captures the voice of customer (VoC) in the form of customer complaints. The complaints are processed using text mining and sentiment analysis. Negative sentiments indicate areas for improvement by matching words with SERVQUAL dimensions. The FMEA method is used to identify business processes that need to be improved.

Findings

The opposing quality dimensions of SERVQUAL can be incorporated into a database for later identifying consumer complaints. FMEA can be used to identify potential failures in aspects that correspond to consumer complaints; therefore, improvement areas can be identified. The proposed framework, applied to a garment manufacturer, shows that the SERVQUAL dimensions, which were originally intended for service companies, can be adapted to manage customer complaints to support BPI in manufacturing companies.

Practical implications

The framework can be used by either the manufacturing or service industries to handle customer complaints and use the complaint analysis results to identify improvement areas to avoid the same complaints occurring in the future.

Originality/value

In this study, the construction of a database based on the SERVQUAL dimension to match sentiment results, where negative sentiment indicates improvement, and the use of FMEA to indicate specific business processes that should be improved is novel and has not yet been proposed by previous studies.
Optimizing diesel engine performance and emissions with heated high-pressure fuel lines: an experimental study
Authors: Shashidhara Vijay Vailaya , Prabhu Ravikantha , Nayak Vignesh , Gonsalves Joseph , Murugesh Varun
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to propose and evaluate a simpler technology to reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines by preheating the fuel before injection into the combustion chamber.

Design/methodology/approach

A spring-type heater coil with suitable insulation was installed on the high-pressure fuel pipeline to preheat the fuel. Experiments were conducted at a standard injection timing of 23° before top dead center, across 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of full load. The fuel was preheated to 100°C, 160°C and 220°C for each engine load. Engine performance, emissions and thermal balance were analyzed for preheated and unheated diesel.

Findings

This study found that preheated fuel improved combustion characteristics, with higher pressure rise and net heat release rates during diffusion combustion. Brake thermal efficiency increased by 8.75% to 10.58%, and brake-specific fuel consumption decreased by up to 9.18%. Emissions significantly dropped: nitrogen oxides by up to 51%, smoke density by up to 63%, carbon monoxide by up to 67% and hydrocarbon by up to 25%. Thermal balance results showed increased useful work and reduced heat losses, particularly at higher preheating temperatures.

Originality/value

This research presents a novel and simpler approach to enhancing diesel engine performance and reducing emissions by preheating the fuel. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in efficiency and substantial reductions in harmful emissions, highlighting the potential of preheated fuel as a viable solution for cleaner diesel engine operation.
Clinical characteristics of bullous pemphigoid patients of different ages and the possible mechanism
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Zhang Bingjie , Mao Xuming , Wang Yiman , Yang Yuyan , Liu Yangchun , Chen Fangyuan , Li Li
Published: January 2025

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an acquired autoimmune bullous disease that often occurs in elderly patients. Some BP patients with early age of disease onset were observed to have difficulty in receiving applicable disease control. It remains challenging for clinicians to choose the appropriate treatment for these patients. This study aimed to analyze the differences between patients of different ages at disease onset and further explore the possible mechanism of these differences between patients of different ages. A total of 215 BP patients seen at the dermatology department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2009 and September 2020 were included. The patients were allocated to five groups according to the age at disease onset. Clinical data were collected through medical records and telephone follow‐up interviews. Analyses of anti‐BP180 antibody subclasses, anti‐BP230 antibodies, complement fixation, serum cytokine levels, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were conducted. Nearly 52% of patients under 60 were misdiagnosed on their first visit, often presenting with oral mucosal involvement. The anti‐BP180 immunoglobulin (Ig) E titers and C3 deposition increased in patients under 60 (p = 0.044 and p = 0.014, respectively), while the anti‐BP230 IgG titers decreased (p = 0.043). The hospitalization rate of patients under 50 was significantly higher than that of patients aged 80 and older (p < 0.001). The patients under 60 had a significantly higher serum concentration of interleukin (IL)‐13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) (p < 0.005, respectively). We observed significant differences in the distribution of genotypes or alleles of TNF‐α rs1799964, TNF‐α rs1800630, and IFN‐γ rs2069705. Approximately one‐third of the elderly patients suffered from neurological diseases. Elderly patients usually presented with peripheral eosinophilia (p = 0.013). No significant difference was identified in the recurrence rate and complement‐activating capacity among the age groups. In conclusion, the early age of BP onset was associated with a more severe clinical presentation, higher titers of anti‐BP180 IgE, lower titers of anti‐BP230 IgG, and significantly higher serum concentrations of IL‐13, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ. It may also be associated with the presence of SNPs of cytokines, including TNF‐α rs1799964, TNF‐α rs1800630, and IFN‐γ rs2069705 variants.
Beyond COVID‐19: Reported clinical practices in maternity care in Victoria during the COVID‐19 pandemic and implications for the future – A statewide review
Authors: Forster Della A. , Hyde Rebecca , Matthews Robyn , Benzie Charlie A.
Published: January 2025

Background

In Australia, during the COVID‐19 pandemic many routine pregnancy visits were replaced by telehealth, along with changes to routine screening and visitor policies. Many providers plan to continue these changes.

Aims

Describe changes to maternity care provision across the state of Victoria during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods

A population‐based cross‐sectional design was used. Managers of maternity services (public and private) were invited to complete a questionnaire by telephone or online exploring changes to care delivery, telehealth practices, perceived impact of changes and future telehealth implementation.

Results

Fifty per cent of maternity service managers (34/68; 27 public, six private) responded (March–April 2021). Around 50% of all pregnancy visits became telehealth, with multiple combinations of face‐to‐face and telehealth visits; 92% conducted the first (booking) appointment via telehealth. No specific gestational visit was conducted face‐to‐face by all services. Visits most likely to be face‐to‐face were at 39 and 40 weeks gestation (65%). For telehealth appointments, there was an ad hoc approach to routine screening, eg, measuring blood pressure (11% did not advise at all), fetal growth (26%—no specific strategy) and fetal heart rate (15%—no specific strategy). Over half (52%) would consider maintaining telehealth post‐pandemic.

Conclusions

Even in a single state, there was great variation in what constitutes telehealth, when pregnant women should have face‐to‐face visits, and what routine screening in pregnancy should be maintained. This is concerning given over half the services are planning to continue telehealth post‐pandemic, despite the lack of evidence of safety, efficacy and input from women and clinicians.
German evidence‐ and consensus‐based guideline on the management of penile urethritis
Authors: Werner Ricardo Niklas , Vader Isabell , Abunijela Susan , Bickel Markus , Biel Anika , Boesecke Christoph , Branke Lisa , Bremer Viviane , Brockmeyer Norbert Hermann , Buder Susanne , Esser Stefan , Heuer Ruben , Köhn Frank‐Michael , Mais Andrea , Nast Alexander , Pennitz Antonia , Potthoff Anja , Rasokat Heinrich , Sabranski Michael , Schellberg Sven , Schmidt Axel Jeremias , Schmidt Sebastian , Schneidewind Laila , Schubert Sören , Schulte Caroline , Spinner Christoph , Spornraft‐Ragaller Petra , Sunderkötter Cord , Vester Udo , Zeyen Christoph , Jansen Klaus
Published: January 2025

Urethritis is a common condition predominantly caused by sexually transmitted pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium. It is not possible to differentiate with certainty between pathogens on the basis of clinical characteristics alone. However, empirical antibiotic therapy is often initiated in clinical practice. The aim of this clinical practice guideline is to promote an evidence‐based syndrome‐orientated approach to the management of male adolescents and adults with symptoms of urethritis.

Besides recommendations for the diagnosis, classification and choice of treatment, this guideline provides recommendations for the indication to empirically treat patients with penile urethritis. A novel feature compared to existing, pathogen‐specific guidelines is the inclusion of a flowchart for the syndrome‐orientated practical management. For suspected gonococcal urethritis requiring empirical treatment, ceftriaxone is recommended. Due to the risk of Chlamydia trachomatis co‐infection, doxycycline should also be prescribed, unless follow‐up for the treatment of possible co‐infections is assured. For suspected non‐gonococcal urethritis, doxycycline is the recommended empirical treatment. In the empiric treatment of both gonococcal and non‐gonococcal penile urethritis, azithromycin is reserved for cases where doxycycline is contraindicated. This guideline also includes detailed recommendations on differential diagnosis, pathogen‐specific treatments and specific situations, as well as patient counselling and follow‐up.
First report of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936) (Acari, Tetranychidae), found in citrus orchards in Eastern Sicily
Authors: Tropea Garzia Giovanna , Tumminelli Riccardo , Ben Hmad Eya , Massimino Cocuzza Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

The presence of the brown citrus mite, or oriental red mite, Eutetranychus orientalis, a species in the EPPO A2 list of pests recommended for regulation as a quarantine pest, is reported in Italy for the first time. The mite has been found in several locations in the territory of Eastern Sicily, the largest citrus‐growing area of Italy. To confirm the identity of the species, specimens were collected and characterized using morphological methods. The species has been present in several countries of the Mediterranean basin for many years. The survey was carried out following reports from several citrus growers alarmed by the unusually high numbers of mites on citrus plants. The main biological characteristics, distinctive morphological traits compared to similar species, and details of the phytosanitary management of E. orientalis are also provided.
A Physics‐Guided Neural Network for Probabilistic Fatigue Life Prediction Under Multiple Overload Effects
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhang Yingchun , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2025

A Physics‐guided Neural Network (PgNN) is proposed to provide a robust probability distribution of fatigue life under arbitrary multiple overloads, which integrates the physical mechanism model (PMM) and neural network (NN). Notably, the proposed PgNNs are trained solely using data under constant amplitude loading scenarios. Firstly, a PMM is developed to predict fatigue life based on linear elastic fracture mechanics, considering crack closure. A data preprocessing approach informing PMM is presented, transforming arbitrary overload conditions into equivalent constant amplitude loading with stress ratio . Moreover, a back‐propagation NN is constructed, where a loss function integrating the PMM and mean square error is designed. The PgNN framework encompasses the uncertainties associated with stress levels, material coefficients and equivalent initial flaw size. The fatigue data of aluminum alloy 7075‐T6 and Al‐Li alloy 2060 are used for model validation. The results affirm that the PgNN exhibits superior accuracy and robustness.
Critical Analysis of the Systems Used to Reduce Self‐Heating in Polymer Composites Subjected to Very High Cycle Fatigue Regimes
Authors: Reis P. N. B. , Katunin A. , Amraei J.
Published: January 2025

The self‐heating effect occurring during fatigue loading of polymer‐matrix composites remains to be a significant problem due to its role in accelerating structural lifespan degradation. This is especially challenging when accelerated tests are applied at very high‐frequency regimes since without cooling the tested structure is dominated by this phenomenon and rapidly reaching critical temperature value, and finally fails prematurely. This study reviews the approaches to reduce self‐heating effect through the modification of materials systems to increase heat transfer and by applying specific load sequences or external cooling systems. The authors describe the possibility of hybridizing the reinforcement to obtain multifunctionality and an overall improvement in mechanical and thermal performance of the composites, as well as applying surface cooling techniques with the physical limitations of their applications. The results of this review demonstrate the practical possibilities of applying cooling approaches to reduce the negative impact of self‐heating on structural residual life.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Older Persons: An Integrative Review
Authors: Wu Yue , Cornally Nicola , O'Donovan Aine , Kilty Caroline , Li Anqi , Wills Teresa
Published: January 2025

China is the country with the largest population of older persons. Depression is the most common mental health issue among older adults, a trend expected to increase as societies continue to age. With the global increase in depression and depressive symptoms among this demographic, the resulting disease burden poses a significant challenge to health and social care systems in China. To map, summarise and examine the empirical literature on the prevalence and factors associated with depression and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults, an integrative literature review was conducted informed by the guidelines of Whittemore and Knafl. The literature search encompassed EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and Wanfang Database. The review included 65 studies, 29 in English and 36 in Chinese. The reported prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults was 3.78%–84.3%. Based on the biopsychosocial model, the associated factors were clustered as follows: biological factors (physical health, disability, drug effects, gender, age, diets, physical activities), psychological factors (self‐esteem, coping skills, trauma, emotions, beliefs, hobbies, lifestyle) and social factors (family relationships, peers, family circumstances, school, residential areas, social support, social structure). This review synthesised research on depression among older adults in China, highlighting varying prevalence across diverse geographical locations. Given the high prevalence among certain older Chinese cohorts, the early identification and assessment of the factors associated with depression is essential to reducing disease burden. The use of the biopsychosocial model provided a theoretical lens to examine depression in this population in an integrative and holistic way. Thus, furthering understanding of the factors that require close consideration in future research and practice innovations on depression in older persons.
Association of Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Endpoints With the Timing of the First and Second Systolic Peak of the Aortic Pulse Wave
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Bang , An De‐Wei , Aparicio Lucas S. , Huang Qi‐Fang , Yu Yu‐Ling , Sheng Chang‐Sheng , Niiranen Teemu J. , Wei Fang‐Fei , Boggia José , Stolarz‐Skrzypek Katarzyna , Gilis‐Malinowska Natasza , Tikhonoff Valérie , Wojciechowska Wiktoria , Casiglia Edoardo , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Yang Wen‐Yi , Filipovský Jan , Kawecka‐Jaszcz Kalina , Wang Ji‐Guang , Nawrot Tim S. , Li Yan , Staessen Jan A. ,   the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS) Investigators
Published: January 2025

Prognostic significance of the timing in the cardiac cycle of the first (TP1) and second (TP2) systolic peak of the central aortic pulse wave is ill‐defined. Incidence rates and standardized multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of adverse health outcomes associated with TP1 and TP2, estimated by the SphygmoCor software, were assessed in the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS) (n = 5529). Model refinement was assessed by the integrated discrimination (ID) and net reclassification (NR) improvement. Over 4.1 years (median), 201 participants died and 248 and 159 patients experienced cardiovascular or cardiac endpoints. Mean TP1 and TP2, standardized for cohort, sex, age, and heart rate, were 103 and 228 ms. Shorter TP1 and TP2 were associated with higher mortality and shorter TP1 with a higher risk of cardiovascular and cardiac endpoints (trend p ≤ 0.004). The HRs relating total mortality and cardiovascular endpoints to TP2 were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.94) and 0.87 (0.77–0.98), respectively. The HR relating cardiac endpoints to TP1 was 0.81 (0.68–0.97). For total mortality and cardiovascular endpoints in relation to TP2, NRI was significant (p ≤ 0.010), but not for cardiac endpoints in relation to TP1. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was not significant for any endpoint. The HRs relating total mortality to TP2 were smaller (p ≤ 0.026) in women than men (0.67 vs. 0.95) and in older (≥ 60 years) versus younger (< 60 years) participants (0.80 vs. 0.88). Our study adds to the evidence supporting risk stratification based on aortic pulse analysis by showing that TP2 and TP1 carry prognostic information.
Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Antihypertensive Drug, Gut Microbiota, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zheng He , Wu Shiping , Wang Wenbin , Qiu Weida , Feng Yingqing
Published: January 2025

Limited research has investigated the impact of antihypertensive medications on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether gut microbiome (GM) mediates this association. Thus, we conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the potential impact of various antihypertensive drug target genes on T2DM and its complications. Genetic instruments for the expression of antihypertensive drug target genes were identified with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in blood, which should be associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP). Sensitivity analysis, including reverse causality detection, horizontal pleiotropy, phenotype scanning, and Bayesian colocalization, was used to validate our findings. We performed a two‐step MR to detect the mediating role of GM. A 1‐standard deviation (SD) decrease of KCNJ11 (acting on arteriolar smooth muscle, e.g., Pinacidil) gene expression was associated with lower SBP of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.31) mmHg, and a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52–0.76). Similarly, a 1‐SD decrease of SLC12A2 (genetically a proxy for diuretics, for example, Torasemide) gene expression was correlated with a reduced risk of T2DM (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83–0.92). Interestingly, this causal effect was influenced by a decrease in the gut microbiota abundance of the genus Ruminococcus (effect proportion = 11.2%). Colocalization supports these results (KCNJ11: 98% for diabetic retinopathy; SLC12A2: 99% for T2DM). Findings provide novel targets for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, emphasize the importance of KCNJ11 and SLC12A2 in future drug development, and highlight the significant mediating role of the genus Ruminococcus.
Impact of Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectories and Variability on Unexplained Early Neurological Deterioration Post‐Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Gao Xuxuan , Wu Qiheng , Ma Yu , Ren Yueran , Chen Jiaying , Lin Xiaofei , Ye Lianghao , Song Wei , Zhu Jiajia , Yin Jia
Published: January 2025

Early neurological deterioration (END) following endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is associated with poor long‐term outcomes. Although unstable systolic blood pressure (SBP) after EVT is recognized as a risk factor for END, it remains unclear whether this association persists after excluding identifiable causes of END. In this prospective, observational cohort study, AIS patients who underwent EVT within 24 h of stroke onset were included. Invasive arterial blood pressure (BP) monitoring recorded hourly BP readings during the first 24 h post‐EVT. Unexplained END was defined as an increase of ≥4 points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 24 h after EVT without any identifiable cause. Two distinct SBP trajectories—high and low—were identified within 24 h post‐EVT. The high‐trajectory group, characterized by elevated mean SBP and increased SBP variability (SBPV), exhibited a significantly higher incidence of unexplained END (odds ratio [OR] = 3.28, p < 0.01). SBPV alone was an independent risk factor for unexplained END (OR = 1.11, p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with both higher mean SBP and increased SBPV had a markedly greater risk of unexplained END (OR = 13.79, p < 0.05). Notably, the harmful threshold for SBPV was lower during nighttime compared to daytime. These findings suggest that increased SBPV, particularly when combined with elevated mean SBP, significantly heightens the risk of unexplained END post‐EVT. Therefore, comprehensive post‐EVT blood pressure management should address both absolute BP levels and BPV, with particular emphasis on nighttime monitoring, to optimize early neurological recovery.
Gender Differences in Blood Pressure Control Among Hypertensive Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study at a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Alhawari Hussein , Albdour Zain , Alshelleh Sameeha , Musleh Joud , Qouzah Tala , Qudisat Tala , Al‐Sukhon Diala , Albdour Karam
Published: January 2025

Our study aims to assess gender differences in blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients in Jordan and identify factors influencing these differences. We conducted a cross‐sectional study at Jordan University Hospital (JUH), collecting data from 601 hypertensive patients following up in JUH clinics. Patients were eligible if they were >18 years old, diagnosed with hypertension, taking anti‐hypertensive medication for at least 6 months, and had no chronic kidney disease. BP control was defined as systolic BP <140 mmHg and diastolic BP <90 mmHg. Poor BP control was observed in 59.1% of females and 62.7% of males. Females demonstrated better BP control, even though they had lower incomes, lower education levels, and higher BMIs compared to males. Among females, good medication adherence (p = 0.042) was linked to improved control, while stress and a history of preeclampsia were negatively associated (p = 0.01 and p = 0.030, respectively). Among males, concurrent systemic medication use (p = 0.025) was a positive predictor of BP control, whereas smoking negatively impacted BP control (p = 0.019). Home BP monitoring was common but did not improve control in either gender. In conclusion, females showed better outcomes in BP management, largely due to treatment adherence. A history of preeclampsia and high stress was linked to poorer control in females. Both genders were aware of normal BP levels, but females were more preemptive in maintaining control. To improve hypertension care, we should consider these differences when treating patients.
Impact of particulate matter exposure on melanoma risk: A multicentre case–control study
Authors: Bellinato Francesco , Adami Giovanni , Reatini Maria Antonietta , Cattani Giorgio , Cannizzaro Maria Vittoria , Del Regno Laura , Peris Ketty , Gisondi Paolo , Girolomoni Giampiero
Published: January 2025

Background

The relationship between particulate matter (PM) exposure and melanoma risk remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between PM10 and PM2.5 long‐term exposure and melanoma risk.

Methods

Case–control study involving 2575 participants, comprising 1473 melanoma patients and 1102 healthy controls attending Departments of Dermatology of University Hospital in North and Central Italy. Demographic data, smoking status, history of sunburns and skin type were collected. PM10 and PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated for each participant's residential address using a Bayesian hierarchical model, providing daily concentrations at a 1 km2 spatial resolution from 2013 to 2021. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM exposure and melanoma risk, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Melanoma patients and controls were 52% males and had a mean age of 63.89 and 61.66 years, respectively. The majority of melanoma patients had Fitzpatrick phototypes 2 (59%) and 3 (36%). There were no significant differences in the geographical distribution of cases and controls based on ZIP codes (p = 0.894). The average melanoma Breslow thickness was 1.01 mm, with 68.15% of cases diagnosed at stage 0 and IA. The multivariate logistic regression revealed a protective effect for higher PM10 (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.86–0.92, p < 0.001) and PM2.5 levels (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.68–0.76, p < 0.001). Darker skin phototypes (Fitzpatrick 4) and cigarette smoking were also associated with a reduced risk of melanoma.

Conclusions

Higher levels of PM10 and PM2.5 may have a protective effect against melanoma, potentially due to the reduction in ultraviolet radiation exposure. Further research to understand the complex interactions between environmental factors and melanoma risk are needed.
Flood Frequency Analysis in West Africa
Authors: Diop Serigne Bassirou , Tramblay Yves , Bodian Ansoumana , Ekolu Job , Rouché Nathalie , Dieppois Bastien
Published: January 2025

Devastating flood events are recurrently impacting West Africa. To mitigate flood impacts and reduce the vulnerability of populations, a better knowledge on the frequency of these events is crucial. The lack of reliable hydrometric datasets has hitherto been a major limitation in flood frequency analysis at the scale of West Africa. Utilising a recently developed African database, we perform a flood frequency analysis on the annual maximum flow (AMF) time series, covering 246 river basins in West Africa, between 1975 and 2018. Generalized extreme value (GEV) and Gumbel probability distributions were compared to fit AMF time series with the L‐moments, Maximum Likelihood (MLE) and Generalized Maximum Likelihood (GMLE) methods. Results indicated that the GEV distribution with the GMLE method provided the best results. Regional envelope curves covering the entire West African region with unprecedented data coverage have been generated for the first‐time providing insights for the estimation in flood quantiles for ungauged basins. The correlation between flood quantiles and watershed properties shows significant correlations with catchment area, groundwater storage, altitude and topographic wetness index. The findings from this study are useful for a better flood risk assessment and the design of hydraulic infrastructures in this region, and are a first step prior to the development of regional approaches to transfer the information from gauged sites to ungauged catchments.
Path analysis of factors influencing registered nurses' safety behavior in China: A mediation effect model
Authors: Yao Lili , Zhao Qinghua , Bai Dingqun , He Shan , Li Yuerong , Xiao Mingzhao , Luo Yetao , Liu Ling
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to examine the current state, influencing factors, and pathways of safety behavior among registered nurses in China, thereby providing a theoretical framework for enhancing safety behavior levels among registered nurses.

Methods

The research involved the recruitment of registered nurses in Chongqing, China, utilizing the snowball sampling technique from July 2022 to May 2023.

Results

A total of 3244 registered nurses from 115 hospitals in Chongqing participated in the study. The mediation effect model demonstrated a good fit, with all variables accounting for 35% of the variance in safety behavior. The most significant influencing variables identified were perceived organizational support, patient safety competency, satisfaction with information systems, and patient safety training, with total effects of .44, .15, .12, and .12, respectively.

Conclusion

The mediation effect model revealed that perceived organizational support has a direct impact on safety behavior and can also influence safety behavior indirectly through patient safety competency. It is crucial to continuously enhance the patient safety competency of registered nurses, cultivate a supportive and compassionate organizational culture, encourage the implementation of safety behavior among nursing personnel, and ultimately ensure patient safety.
First Record of Five Species of Sea Urchins (Class Echinoidea, Five Orders) From the Gulf of Aden
Authors: Algurabi Mohammed A. , MсNoon Alawi H. , Awad Rashidi M. R. , Bakhshalizadeh Shima , Nasibulina Botagoz M. , Kurochkina Tatyana F. , Ali Attaala M. , Habib Syed Sikandar , Fazio Francesco
Published: January 2025

The Gulf of Aden (GA) experiences seasonal upwelling phenomena, fostering favorable conditions for diverse marine life. Despite this richness, the known sea urchin species in the Gulf of Aden has been limited to the common long‐spined (Diadema paucispinum). Our study aimed to explore and document sea urchin diversity in this region. Through scuba diving and low tide collections from coral reefs and sandbanks, we obtained samples along the Hadhramout coast, spanning from the Qusayr area to the Aden Province coast, including Azizi Island opposite Ras Imran and the sub‐district of the city of Aden. This survey revealed five sea urchin species, expanding the known taxa. For the first time in the Gulf of Aden, we qualitatively registered two regular and three irregular sea urchin species: Heterocentrotus mammillatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Stomopneustes variolaris (Lamarck, 1816), Echinodiscus bisperforatus (Leske, 1778), Clypeaster humilis (Leask, 1778), and Lovenia elongata (Gray, 1845). These findings contribute to our understanding of the Gulf biodiversity and emphasize the need for continued exploration in this region.
Tissintite‐II in Lunar Meteorite Northwest Africa 13967: Implications for the High Pressure/Temperature Mineralogy of the Lunar Regolith
Authors: Wittmann Axel , Kroemer Christian R. , Wadhwa Meenakshi , Sharp Thomas G. , Van Soest Matthijs , Martin Trevor , Goepfert Tyler
Published: January 2025

We studied lunar regolith breccia meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 13967 to explore its mineral and clast inventory with special focus on the ubiquitous occurrence of tissintite‐II, a newly recognized, vacancy‐rich high‐pressure clinopyroxene with a feldspathic, Fe‐ and Mg‐enriched composition. Lithic clasts in NWA 13967 indicate a provenance in the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane on the Moon. Most abundant are cumulate impact melt clasts (“poikilitic granulitic breccias”), granular impact melt rocks, vitric impact melt clasts including impact spherules, and anorthositic clasts, while basalt clasts are rare. The breccia groundmass is mostly fused to flow‐textured, vesicular, crystallized impact melt that includes 1 μm corundum crystals and up to 5 μm tissintite‐II near the contact with lithic clasts. Rare coesite occurs in moganite clasts entrained in the shock‐melted groundmass and rimmed by tissintite‐II. Petrographic features of NWA 13967 and its bulk rock chemical composition are most similar to the NWA 8046 clan of lunar meteorites, the largest known lunar meteorite. We discuss mineralogical and petrological characteristics of NWA 13967 to unravel chemical and structural changes of the lunar regolith during shock lithification, which may inform the ongoing exploration of the lunar surface.
Culture and Recognition: Restorative Justice Through Reparation Financing for Indigenous Afrikan Maroons of the Diaspora and Africa
Authors: Jaramogi Akilah
Published: January 2025

In this international document from the Trinidadian Merikin community, a proposal is set forth to connect the Maroon Diaspora with Indigenous Afrika, fostering a deeper sense of identity and collaboration between the two. Concrete areas are set forth for work to advance the rights and recognition on a global stage of Maroons. Encapsulating the essence and aspirations of Maroon communities throughout the Catibbean and Diaspora, the paper emphasizes the significance of our connection to Afrika and the broader quest for dignity and justice. It details and underscores the unique position of Maroons as bridge‐builders and agents of change in the global discourse on heritage, rights, and sustainable development.
Specific sets of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases and phytoene synthases control the production of carotenoids and ABA in different tomato tissues
Authors: Burbano‐Erazo Esteban , Ezquerro Miguel , Sanchez‐Bel Paloma , Rodriguez‐Concepcion Manuel
Published: January 2025

Plant carotenoids are plastid‐synthesized isoprenoids with roles as photoprotectants, pigments, and precursors of bioactive molecules such as the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The first step of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is the production of phytoene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY). GGPP produced by plastidial GGPP synthases (GGPPS) is channeled to the carotenoid pathway by direct interaction of GGPPS and PSY enzymes. Three plastid‐localized GGPPS isoforms (referred to as SlG1‐3) and three PSY enzymes (PSY1‐3) are present in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Our previous work showed that SlG1 and PSY3 function together in the roots, whereas the rest of the isoforms are required in aerial tissues. Here we generated and analyzed combinations of double mutants lacking PSY1 or PSY2 and SlG2 or SlG3 to investigate the contribution of specific GGPPS and PSY pairs to the production of carotenoids and ABA in different tissues of the tomato plant. Despite that the loss of individual enzymes was found to trigger compensatory mechanisms that complicate interpretation of the results, the results confirm a major role for SlG3 in providing GGPP to PSY2 for housekeeping carotenoid biosynthesis in leaves, whereas SlG2 and PSY1 become most relevant when a more active production is required in flowers and breaker fruits, i.e., at the onset of ripening. We could also confirm that ABA production in the fruit pericarp is more dependent on PSY1 activity than on total carotenoid levels and that fruit size correlates with ABA levels accumulated in ripe rather than breaker fruits.
Halophyte‐based crop managements induce biochemical, metabolomic and proteomic changes in tomato plants under saline conditions
Authors: Barba‐Espín Gregorio , Jurado‐Mañogil Carmen , Plskova Zuzana , Kerchev Pavel I. , Hernández José A. , Diaz‐Vivancos Pedro
Published: January 2025

Halophytes display distinctive physiological mechanisms that enable their survival and growth under extreme saline conditions. This makes them potential candidates for their use in saline agriculture. In this research, tomato (Solanum lycopersium Mill.) was cultivated in moderately saline conditions under two different managements involving Arthrocaulon macrostachyum L., a salt accumulator shrub: intercropping, i.e., co‐cultivation of tomato/halophyte; and crop rotation, in which tomato is grown where the halophyte was previously cultivated. The effect of these crop managements was evaluated in tomato plants in comparison with tomato in monoculture, with regards to physiological and biochemical variables and metabolomic and proteomic profiles.

Both halophyte‐based managements reduced soil salinity. Crop rotation enhanced photosynthesis and protective mechanisms at the photosynthetic level. In addition, both crop managements altered the hormone profile and the antioxidant capacity, whereas a reactive oxygen species over‐accumulation in leaf tissues indicated the establishment of a controlled mild oxidative stress. However, tomato production remained unchanged.

Metabolomic and proteomic approaches suggest complex interactions at the leaf level, driven by the influence of the halophyte. In this regard, an interplay of ROS/lipid‐based signalling pathways is proposed. Moreover, improved photosynthesis under crop rotation was associated with accumulation of sugar metabolism‐related compounds and photosynthesis‐related proteins. Likewise, acylamino acid‐releasing enzymes, a class of serine‐proteases, remarkably increased under both halophyte‐based managements, which may act to modulate the antioxidant capacity of tomato plants.

In summary, this work reveals common and distinctive patterns in tomato under intercropping and crop rotation conditions with the halophyte, supporting the use of A. macrostachyum in farming systems.
Realizing the NPD Benefits of the Firm Innovation Strategy: The Role of Supply Management and Supply Chain Transformational Leadership
Authors: Yang Qingyun , Su Qin , Cui Hecheng , Capaldo Antonio
Published: January 2025

Firm innovation strategy (FIS) is crucial for new product development (NPD) performance. Few studies have revealed how the FIS that recognizes the importance of supply chain (SC) resources can improve NPD performance through SC management. This study emphasizes the mediating role of supply management, including innovativeness in supply management and firm‐supplier relationship. We argue that supply chain transformational leadership (SCTL) moderates the relationship between FIS and supply management. Using data from 232 Chinese manufacturing firms and applying structural equation modeling and regression analysis, we tested the hypotheses. The results show that innovativeness in supply management and firm‐supplier relationship mediate the relationship between the FIS and NPD performance. SCTL positively moderates the influence of FIS on supply management. These findings contributes to NPD outcomes. This study offers theoretical and empirical insights into SC management.
Exploring power imbalance in reciprocal scientific information sharing within a hydraulic fracturing policy subsystem
Authors: Lee Jeongyoon , Huang Kun , Song Geoboo
Published: January 2025

Sharing scientific and technical information plays a vital role in fostering more deliberate political dynamics within policy subsystems, according to the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). However, obstacles to this exchange are not well understood. Our research, guided by theories of social exchange and network embeddedness, explores how power imbalances relate to the reciprocal exchange of scientific information. Using network visualization and quadratic assignment procedure multiple regression on the network data from a local hydraulic fracturing policy subsystem in New York, we find that power imbalances negatively affect the sharing of scientific and technical information within the subsystem, and this adverse relationship is consistent regardless of shared policy beliefs. Despite the presence of collaborative relationships, power imbalances hinder information sharing. Conversely, trust among policy actors helps to lessen the detrimental effects of power imbalances on information exchange. These findings contribute to the ACF and policy process literature by highlighting power imbalances as barriers to information sharing and elucidating how these imbalances interplay with beliefs, collaboration, and trust, in affecting information dissemination within policy subsystems.
Workplace discrimination and older Black women's mental health: An examination of relational support‐strain processes
Authors: Erving Christy L. , Jason Kendra , Blasingame Miaya
Published: January 2025

Drawing attention to the complex and multidimensional lives of older Black women, this study examines the extent to which workplace discrimination influences their mental health (i.e., depression and anxiety symptoms). Moreover, we assess whether various sources of social support mitigate or whether relational strains and work–family conflict exacerbate the influence of workplace discrimination on mental health. We draw data from the 2010 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to address these queries. Results reveal the recalcitrant psychological effects of workplace discrimination on older Black women: social support from a variety of sources fails to counteract the pernicious influence of workplace discrimination on mental health, particularly anxiety symptoms. Neither relational strains with personal network members (e.g., spouse, children) nor work–family conflict exacerbate the discrimination‐mental health association for older Black women workers. However, relational strain in the context of one's marriage was associated with higher depression and anxiety symptoms. Theoretical and workplace policy implications are discussed.