bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Students’ Perceptions of the Community of Inquiry in a Blended Synchronous Delivery Mode
Authors: Lafortune Anne-Marie , Lakhal Sawsen
Published: April 2020

As more post-secondary institutions are turning to non-face-to-face course delivery modes to cater to the emerging needs of the student population, we have yet to find out whether students attending both at a distance and face-to-face have access to equal learning opportunities. A research was conducted in the nursing program taught in the blended synchronous delivery mode at the Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Îles over the winter 2017 semester. Using the Community of Inquiry framework and questionnaire elaborated by Garrison et al. (2000) and later revised by Shea and Bidjerano (2010), face-to-face (n=20) and at-a-distance (n=25) students’ perceptions of the four Community of Inquiry presences (teaching, social, cognitive and learner) were measured and compared. Results of the overall presences comparison reveal that face-to-face participants perceived a stronger teaching presence than students attending from a satellite site, while the distinctive elements of each presence reveal significant difference between students’ perceptions of the teaching, cognitive and learner presences. Additionally, students’ comments provide rich qualitative data that explain the quantitative results obtained.
Observatórios Sociais e sua Importância para a Gestão Pública na Região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Goulart Jeferson Lopes , Troian Alessandra , Quispe Jordy Navarrete
Published: April 2020

O controle social das ações e gastos públicos têm se tornado cada vez mais frequentes no mundo todo. No Brasil, a Constituição Federal de 1988 é o marco deste processo, estabelecendo que o controle da Administração Pública deve ser realizado por órgãos do próprio poder público e pela sociedade. Neste sentido, o presente estudo visa analisar os benefícios financeiros e os benefícios não financeiros dos Observatórios Sociais (OS) na região Sul do país. Metodologicamente foram coletados e analisados os dados presentes no sítio oficial do Observatório Social do Brasil referentes aos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, referentes ao ano de 2017. Para tanto, tem-se como principal resultado a indiscutível relevância do papel dos OS no controle dos gastos públicos. A análise financeira indica economicidade em todos os municípios em questão, variando a porcentagem, mas com significativa economia para os cofres públicos. Já as ações não financeiras realizadas pelos OS giram em torno do acompanhamento das licitações, de reuniões com agentes públicos e a disseminação do controle social por meio de palestras, cursos e capacitações. O que sinaliza o maior conhecimento e controle dos recursos públicos por parte da população.
Discursos Jornalísticos Acerca do Território do Tabaco no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Felippi Ângela Cristina Trevisan , Oliveira Vanessa Costa de
Published: April 2020

O território do tabaco, localizado no Sul do Brasil, se caracteriza pela produção de fumo em pequenas propriedades familiares, que vendem suas produções para grandes empresas beneficiadoras das folhas. O Brasil é o maior exportador de tabaco do mundo e o segundo maior produtor e essa produção é um componente relevante na constituição do espaço a que chamados de território do tabaco. Diante disso, e da compreensão de que a mídia influencia a construção de sentidos sobre a realidade e, ao fim, sobre a construção simbólica do território, propõe-se nesse artigo identificar os discursos jornalísticos acerca do território do tabaco. Os veículos de mídia selecionados constituem diferentes tipos de prática jornalística: a Agência Pública, com um jornalismo nacional que se apresenta como uma alternativa à mídia tradicional, e o jornal Gazeta do Sul, regional, caracterizado aqui como comercial e hegemônico na região onde atua, no Vale do Rio Pardo (RS), inserido no território do tabaco. O artigo tem por base a literatura sobre território, cultura e análise do discurso e a metodologia aplicada foi a análise de discurso. A partir da identificação de formações discursivas, evidenciou-se que os veículos apresentam discursos antagônicos sobre o mesmo território, sobre a mesma produção de tabaco.
Observando a Dinâmica Territorial do Emprego e do Deslocamento para Trabalho na Região do Vale do Rio Pardo-RS
Authors: Lima da Silveira Rogério Leandro , Silveira Daniel Claudy da , Brandt Grazielle Betina , Zanchi Verenice , De Oliveira Vinicios Gonchoroski
Published: April 2020

A análise da dinâmica territorial do emprego e dos deslocamentos pendulares para trabalho no espaço intrarregional auxilia na compreensão do desenvolvimento territorial de uma dada região. Nesse artigo, analisamos como se apresenta, nos últimos anos, a dinâmica do emprego e dos deslocamentos pendulares entre os municípios da região do Vale do Rio Pardo, localizada no centro do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.  A região apresenta desiguais níveis de dinamismo econômico entre seus municípios e está verticalmente integrada ao mercado global de tabaco. Os dados secundários utilizados foram obtidos junto ao IBGE (2010) e ao CAGED (2010). A organização dos dados, com base no uso de gráficos, tabelas e mapas temáticos possibilitou a análise da dinâmica temporal e espacial do emprego e dos deslocamentos pendulares para trabalho no território regional, através da identificação dos distintos níveis de centralidade econômica e dos fluxos de deslocamento pendular para trabalho no território regional. Observa-se que tal dinamismo não é espacialmente homogêneo através da concentração do emprego na cidade média de Santa Cruz do Sul e da sua desigual distribuição espacial no território, promovendo fluxos pendulares para o trabalho com diferentes intensidades e conteúdos entre os municípios da região.
Economia Solidária: estrutura de atuação e conhecimento da Cooperativa de Recicladores “Araras Limpa” de Araras/SP
Authors: Alcântara Liliane Cristine Schlemer , Silva Aline Grigório da , Costa Junior Juscelino Martins , Pereira Arildo Gonçalo , Vicentini-Polette Carolina Medeiros
Published: April 2020

Nos últimos anos o crescimento expressivo da população vem gerando questões sobre sua organização. Uma das principais consequências desse crescimento demográfico acelerado, além das ocupações irregulares é o aumento da geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Visando o controle de tal consequência, a economia solidária por meio da junção de fatores socioculturais e econômicos, busca o desenvolvimento solidário dos indivíduos envolvidos com base nas relações de confiança, representada neste artigo pela cooperativa de reciclagem. Para tanto, o presente artigo buscou analisar a estrutura de gestão da Cooperativa “Araras Limpa” de Araras (SP) na perspectiva da economia solidária. Metodologicamente, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, aliada à pesquisa descritiva-qualitativa com estudo de caso por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados demonstraram que a união de forças e a soma dos esforços da população por meio da cooperativa em parceria com empresas e governos pode apontar o melhor caminho para a construção de um plano eficiente para coleta e processamento de recicláveis.
Heat pump drying of industrial wastewater sludge
Authors: Yuan Gang , Chu Khim Hoong
Published: April 2020

The popularity of heat drying of wastewater sludge has increased over the past several years because it can reduce sludge mass and volume, and hence disposal costs. However, drying sludge using conventional combustion-heated dryers is energy-intensive. Heat pump dryers can be efficient and offer significant energy savings by recycling the drying heat. This paper describes a heat pump dryer designed for continuous drying of industrial wastewater sludge. The dryer constructed was essentially a closed-loop air system. The air used for drying is dehumidified to recover the latent heat of vaporization, re-heated using the recovered heat, and recirculated in a closed environment. The closed-loop layout eliminates emissions of dust, malodorous gases, and volatile compounds, obviating the need for exhaust treatment otherwise required to meet environmental regulations. Data on the moisture extraction rate, specific moisture extraction rate, and specific energy consumption are presented and discussed.
Empowering minority students: An analysis of the bilingual education debate
Authors: Cummins Ontario Jim
Published: April 2020

This paper argues that the nature of the bilingual education debate, represents a drama of societal self-definition. On one hand the commitment to preserve traditional power structures, and on the other, the desire to live up to theideals upon which the U.S.was founded. The latter implies the creation of a society where equality, freedom and justice represent more than just empty rhetoric. In order to build his case, the author examines the historical context of minority education in the U.S. and the surface text of the arguments both for and against the effectiveness of bilingual education. He concludes that the fundamental causes of minority students' school failure are rooted in socio historical processes of minority group disempowerment. The ways are outlined in which schools have traditionally reflected the societal power structure and rationalized the education disablement of minority students. An invention framework designed to reverse this pattern and prevent minority student academic failure is proposed. However, the author cautions that the implementation of empowerment pedagogy is unlikely to be facilitated by the dominant group because, almost by definition. empowerment pedagogy requires educators as individuals and schools as institutions to challenge the institutionalized racism that still persists in many aspects of society.
Multilingualism and the education of minority children
Authors: Skutnabb-Kangas Tove
Published: April 2020

Linguicism, the domination of one language at the expense of others, is a reflection of an ideology, associated with racismo. The majority of almost 200 states of the world are officially monolingual, yet, these states contain speakers of sorne 4,000 to 5,000 languages. A comparative analysis of the success of educational programs in different countries in reaching the goals of bilingualism, shows that most European and europeanized countries do not organize the education of minory children so that they will succeed in becoming bilingual. Instead, the ohildrem themselves, their parents, their group and their culture are blamed for the failure. In the author's opinion, it should be the duty of the educational systems globally to help these children to become bilingual. To counteract linguicism, a dec:laration of children' s linguistic human rights is proposed. The autor concludes that it is not a question of information but one of power structure. Thus, it is the job of linguists to produce information, but unless the right questions are asked in their research and why, their arguments might be supporting linguicism and racismoA linguistic science wich is aware of these political involvements can only be militant. And it is the tudy of linguists in their respective countries and regions to assume responsability for this task, this struggle for the defense and development of their own language and cultures. (posúace to L-J. Calvet, Linguistique et Colonialisme).
La frontera de la cultura: Un estudio de la frontera desde la perspectiva organizacional
Authors: Ortega Mariano
Published: April 2020

La cultura fronteriza es analizada desde el punto de vista de la administración organizacional a partir de los conceptos de cultura, subcultura y frontera. Se concluye que toda la frontera tiene propiedades específicas emanadas de su condición y naturaleza limítrofe, aunadas a, e independientes de, las entidades divididas por estas fronteras. Se sugiere el estudio de las fronteras como un camino para aumentar y mejorar el conocimiento de las mismas entidades; al mismo tiempo, se reconoce el valor crucial de estos conocimientoss en un mundo cada vez más interdependiente.
Covid-19: Bilimsel Araştırma Onay ve İzin Süreci
Authors: KARABULUT Enes , GÜNGÖR Buket , ERGÜN Yusuf
Published: April 2020

Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından düzenli olarak yayınlanan COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberinde, COVID-19’un güncel tedavisinde hidroksiklorokin, oseltamivir, azitromisin, lopinavir-ritonavir, tosilizumab ve favipiravir ilaçları yer almaktadır. Favipiravir hariç diğer ilaçlar Türkiye’de ruhsatlı olarak kendi endikasyonlarında kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bu ilaçların ruhsatlı endikasyonları arasında COVID-19 yer almamaktadır. Bu yazıda, Bakanlığın güncel Rehberinde yer alan COVID-19’un tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlarla yapılabilecek bilimsel araştırmaların onay ve izin süreçlerini kısaca sunulmaktadır.
Physical and mathematical modeling of cyclic steam stimulation for oil reservoirs
Authors: Gilmanov Alexander Ya. , Kovalchuk Tatyana N. , Shevelev Alexander P.
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the construction of a physical and mathematical model of the steam cycle effect on oil reservoirs. Existing models require calculations in hydrodynamic simulators or significantly simplify the description of the motion of the heat front. Within the framework of the proposed model, a number of assumptions are introduced regarding the movement of the thermal interface between the heated oil located in the bottomhole zone and the oil whose temperature is equal to the initial one. It is assumed that this boundary has the form of a straight line in a rectangular coordinate system. Moreover, at the initial moment of time, the straight line is determined by two points: the value of the maximum power taken on the vertical axis, directed downward, and the maximum radius of heating on the horizontal axis. In the future, these parameters are reduced. It is assumed that over time, the interface between the “cold” and heated oil shifts parallel to its initial position with a decrease in the parameters that determine it. This approach to describing the displacement over time of this boundary is proposed for the first time.
The purpose of the article is to determine the flow rate of the well in the case of steam-thermal treatment of the formation, taking into account the size of the heated zone. In particular, the coolant injection cycle time and the characteristic time of the steam and thermal impregnation for the proposed model are determined.
The physical processes considered during the construction of this model are described by conservation laws.
The calculation of the area in which the heated oil will be located takes into account parameters such as flow rate and heat content of the coolant, reservoir thickness and thermal properties of the surrounding rocks. The article discusses the issues related to the relevance of the application of the methodology of vapor-cyclical effects on oil reservoirs.
The result of the developed model is the dependence of the oil production rate on time for the cyclic treatment of bottom-hole zones of wells. The proposed method allows us to analyze the development efficiency depending on the main technological parameters. Such calculations allow you to choose the most optimal development strategy, and therefore, increase oil recovery.
On heat transfer mechanism in coolant layer on bottom cover of a two-phase closed thermosyphon
Authors: Ponomarev Konstantin O. , Kuznetsov Geniy V. , Feoktistov Dmitry V. , Orlova Evgenia G. , Maksimov Vyacheslav I.
Published: April 2020

The authors hypothesize that the intensity of all thermophysical and hydrodynamic processes in a thermosyphon depends, first of all, on the intensity of heat transfer in the coolant layer on the bottom cover and on the free surface of this layer. Based on the experimentally obtained temperature fields in a two phase closed thermosyphon, the authors have formulated a mathematical model of heat transfer in such heat exchangers which differs from the known models by accounting for conduction and convection only in the coolant layer on the bottom cover and conduction in the evaporation section of the thermosyphon. The calculated temperatures in characteristic points of the coolant layer comply with the readings of thermocouples. The results of numerical simulation provide grounds for concluding that the thermogravitational convection in the coolant layer on the bottom cover plays a dominant role in controlling the intensity of heat transfer in the thermosyphon.
Stimulation of Leydig and Sertoli Cellular Secretory Function by Anti-Oestrogens: Clomiphene
Authors: Micol Lionel A. , Cakir Ömer O. , Sangster Philippa , Ralph David J.
Published: April 2020

Leydig and Sertoli cells are essential for the testicular homeostasis. Clinically, the testicular homeostasis
is impaired in hypogonadal and subfertile men. Therapeutically, the selective oestrogen receptor modulator
clomiphene citrate (CC) is frequently used to treat these patients. In men, the mechanism of action of CC has long
been thought to be limited to inhibition of the retro-control by oestrogen on the pituitary gland. However, oestrogen
receptors are also expressed in the testis. Therefore, we will explore in this review the systemic effects as
well as its action on reproductive function. We will describe in particular the possible effects of CC on the secretory
functions of Leydig and Sertoli cells and their implication on the testicular microenvironment. CC is a costeffective
and relatively safe off-label treatment for young hypogonadal men actively trying for a child or subfertile
men with low testosterone with a positive effect on sperm concentration. Nevertheless, its effects on the oestrogen
receptors and other signalling pathways at the testicular level remain poorly investigated. Further research,
including combined treatment, could allow improving sperm morphology and sperm motility which do not seem
to be significantly enhanced by CC alone.
Dangerous Liaisons: Tau Interaction with Muscarinic Receptors
Authors: Wysocka Adrianna , Palasz Ewelina , Steczkowska Marta , Niewiadomska Grazyna
Published: April 2020

:

The molecular processes underlying neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's Disease
- AD) remain poorly understood. There is also an imperative need for disease-modifying therapies
in AD since the present treatments, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA antagonists, do not halt
its progression. AD and other dementias present unique pathological features such as that of microtubule
associated protein tau metabolic regulation. Tau has numerous binding partners, including signaling
molecules, cytoskeletal elements and lipids, which suggests that it is a multifunctional protein. AD
has also been associated with severe loss of cholinergic markers in the brain and such loss may be due
to the toxic interaction of tau with cholinergic muscarinic receptors. By using specific antagonists of
muscarinic receptors it was found in vitro that extracellular tau binds to M1 and M3 receptors and
which the increase of intracellular calcium found in neuronal cells upon tau-binding. However, so far,
the significance of tau signaling through muscarinic receptor in vivo in tauopathic models remains uncertain.
The data reviewed in the present paper highlight the significant effect of M1 receptor/tau interaction
in exacerbating tauopathy related pathological features and suggest that selective M1 agonists
may serve as a prototype for future therapeutic development toward modification of currently intractable
neurodegenerative diseases, such as tauopathies.
Synthesis of Novel 3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-5-Cylopropyl-4H-1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives with Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Yildirim Nuri
Published: April 2020

Background:

In this work, new heterocyclic compounds containing 3-(4-tertbutylphenyl)-
5-cyclopropyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole ring were synthesized, starting from iminoester hydrochlorides
and 4-tert-butylbenzhyrazide.

Methods:

Ethyl N-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)carbonyl]cyclopropanecarbohydrazonoate was used to synthesize
4-amino-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-
cyclopropyl-4-(arylmethyleneamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-4-
(arylmethylamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole and their phthalonitrile derivatives sequentially.

Results:

Seventeen new 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were
synthesized and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined.

Conclusion:

Imine and amine derivatives were better antioxidants than phthalonitrile derivatives.
Doubly fluorination compounds appeared to result in higher activity. The compounds tested with
five microorganisms showed better activity against B. subtilis with the antimicrobial activity of two
far exceeding that of ampicillin. Imine and amine derivatives were better antimicrobials than phthalonitrile
derivatives.
Discovery of New N-hydrazinecarbothioamide Indazole Hybrids: As Potential Radical (ABTS and DPPH) Scavengers
Authors: Rafique Rafaila , Arshia  , Kanwal  , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Chigurupati Sridevi , Salar Uzma , Taha Muhammad , Perveen Shahnaz
Published: April 2020

Background:

Free radicals are the main cause of numerous diseases. Their overproduction
needs to be controlled in order to combat several ailments. The current study deals with the discovery
of new free radical scavengers.

Methods:

Substituted N-hydrazinecarbothioamide indazoles 1-18 were evaluated for DPPH and
ABTS radical scavenging activities.

Results:

All synthetic compounds possess good radical DPPH and ABTS scavenging
potential in the ranges of IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.17 - 5.3 ± 0.11 μM and IC50 = 2.31 ± 0.06 - 5.5 ± 0.07
μM, respectively, as compared to standard ascorbic acid having IC50 = 2.02 ± 0.11 μM for DPPH
and IC50 = 2.1 ± 0.07 μM for ABTS.

Conclusion:

These compounds could serve as leads for antioxidant activity that have the ability to
control free radical generation and ward off free radical-induced disorders.
The Killing of Human Neuroblastoma Cells by the Small Molecule JQ1 Occurs in a p53-Dependent Manner
Authors: Mazar Joseph , Gordon Caleb , Naga Varun , Westmoreland Tamarah J.
Published: April 2020

Background:

MYCN amplification is a prognostic biomarker associated with poor prognosis of
neuroblastoma in children. The overall survival of children with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma has only
marginally improved within the last 20 years. The Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) inhibitor,
JQ1, has been shown to downregulate MYCN in neuroblastoma cells.

Objective:

To determine if JQ1 downregulation of MYCN in neuroblastomas can offer a target- specific therapy
for this, difficult to treat, pediatric cancer.

Methods:

Since MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma accounts for as much as 40 to 50 percent of all high-risk
cases, we compared the effect of JQ1 on both MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell
lines and investigated its mechanism of action.

Results:

In this study, we show that JQ1 can specifically target MYCN for downregulation, though this effect is
not specific to only MYCN-amplified cells. And although we can confirm that the loss of MYCN alone can
induce apoptosis, the exogenous rescue of MYCN expression can abrogate much of this cytotoxicity. More
fascinating, however, was the discovery that the JQ1-induced knockdown of MYCN, which led to the loss of the
human double minute 2 homolog (HDM2) protein, also led to the accumulation of tumor protein 53 (also known
as TP53 or p53), which ultimately induced apoptosis. Likewise, the knockdown of p53 also blunted the cytotoxic
effects of JQ1.

Conclusion:

These data suggest a mechanism of action for JQ1 cytotoxicity in neuroblastomas and offer a possible
prognostic target for determining its efficacy as a therapeutic.
Elimination of the Causes of Poor Sleep Underlying Delirium is a Basic Strategy to Prevent Delirium
Authors: Enomoto Riyo , Lee-Hiraiwa Eibai
Published: April 2020

:

Delirium is a very common but annoying clinical state that interferes with the treatment of
background disease and delays recovery. Delirium is a troublesome condition that exhausts not only the
patient but also his/her family and healthcare professionals. Since aging is a risk factor for delirium, how to
control delirium is an extremely important issue in an aging society. Phenotype of delirium are so diverse that
it is difficult to elucidate the mechanism of individual symptoms, but it is clinically well known that
maintaining sleep quality is important in preventing and improving delirium. Drugs and factors that are
known to disrupt the sleep-wake cycle also overlap with the risk factors for delirium, indicating the close
connection between delirium and sleep. Although the sleep-wake cycle is tightly regulated by many
neurotransmitters and hormones, and the role of each substance in this cycle is being elucidated in detail. It is
well known that acetylcholine is one of the most important neurotransmitter involved in wakefulness, and
anticholinergic drugs reduce rapid eye movement sleep. Anticholinergic drugs are also the major drug causing
drug-induced delirium. Several clinical studies have reported that melatonin receptor agonists reduce
delirium. Some clinical studies have examined the relationship between delirium and environmental factors
that interfere with sleep, such as noise and brightness. The purpose of this review is to organize the cause of
poor sleep underlying delirium and propose strategies to prevent delirium, based on rich neurological and
pharmacological findings of sleep. We consider that elimination of causes of sleep deprivation underlying
delirium is one of the most effective prevention strategies for delirium.
Explore the Optimal Node Degree of Interfirm Network for Efficient Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Tang Houxing , Fang Fang , Ma Zhenzhong
Published: April 2020

Background:

Network structure is a critical issue for efficient interfirm knowledge sharing. The
optimal node degree turns out to be decisive because it is generally regarded as a core proxy of network
structural characteristics. This paper is to examine what is the optimal node degree for an efficient
network structure.

Methods:

Based on an interaction rule combining the barter rule and the gift rule, we first describe and
then build a knowledge diffusion process. Then using four factors, namely network size, network
randomness, knowledge endowment of network, and knowledge stock of each firm, we examine the
factors that influence the optimal node degree for efficient knowledge sharing.

Results:

The simulation results show that the optimal node degree can be determined along the change
in outer factors. Furthermore, changing the network randomness and network size has little impact on
node degree. Instead, knowledge endowment of network and knowledge stock of each firm both have
significant impact on the node degree.

Conclusion:

We find that an optimal node degree can always be found in any condition, which
confirms the existence of a balanced state. Thus, policymakers can determine the appropriate number
of links to avoid redundancy and thus reduce cost in interfirm networks. We also examine how different
factors influence the size of the optimal node degree, and as a result, policymakers can set an
appropriate number of links under different situations.
SOLUÇÃO DO PROBLEMA OU PROBLEMA DA SOLUÇÃO? STF, CNJ E A JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA SAÚDE
Authors: Vasconcelos Natalia Pires de
Published: April 2020

O Supremo Tribunal Federal se tornou um ator incontornável na formulação e execução de políticas públicas. Uma das políticas sociais que mais envolve a Corte nesta função é a saúde pública. Acionado sobretudo como instância recursal, a Corte viu o volume de casos em saúde crescer de forma significativa nos últimos 20 anos. Ao longo deste período, sua jurisprudência e sua atuação institucional foram, ao mesmo tempo, uma resposta e uma causa deste crescimento. De um lado, em suas decisões, a Corte sustenta um posicionamento sistematicamente favorável a demandas individuais, decidindo pelo provimento de demandas que requerem medicamentos, insumos e tratamentos mesmo quando experimentais ou fora das listas e protocolos clínicos do SUS. De outro lado, esta posição coexiste com a atuação estrutural do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que não só criou comitês interdisciplinares para reduzir e qualificar a judicialização da saúde, mas passou a monitorar a atuação de juízes e tribunais e exigir que decisões judiciais incorporassem justificativas técnicas. Neste artigo, sustento que compreender esta atuação contraditória da Corte, e suas limitações, é um passo imprescindível para entender a judicialização da saúde como um todo. Ora como “parte do problema”, ora como “gestora” da sua “solução”, o STF ocupa uma posição única que lhe permite desenhar grande parte dos incentivos institucionais que fundamentam as decisões das demais instâncias do Judiciário. Se a Corte, contudo, não aponta um caminho claro, ela perde a oportunidade de afetar e controlar o fenômeno ou de potencialmente contribuir para a construção de uma política de saúde mais eficiente e justa.
Feminisatie en ernstige pancytopenie veroorzaakt door testiculaire neoplasie in een cryptorche hond
Authors: Paepe D. , Hebbelinck L. , Kitshoff A. , Vandenabeele S.
Published: April 2020

In deze casuïstiek wordt een paraneoplastisch syndroom beschreven veroorzaakt door een testistumor bij een tien jaar oude, cryptorche hond. Feminisatie en pancytopenie werden gezien als gevolg van de productie van oestrogenen door het testiculaire neoplastisch proces. De diagnose van testistumor en geassocieerde beenmergsuppressie werd gesteld door middel van echografie en bloedonderzoek, waarbij de oestrogeenbloedspiegel sterk gestegen was. Urineonderzoek toonde een urineweginfectie aan. De hond werd gecastreerd, kreeg een bloedtransfusie en werd behandeld met antibiotica. Na een initiële verbetering stierf de hond onverwacht, ongeveer drie weken na het stellen van de diagnose. In deze casus wordt benadrukt dat tekenen van feminisatie tijdig opgemerkt dienen te worden bij intacte, mannelijke honden en dit om erge, mogelijk irreversibele, hematologische gevolgen door beenmergsuppressie te vermijden. Electieve castratie van beide testes is sterk aangeraden bij dieren met cryptorchidie omdat neoplastische transformatie van de niet-afgedaalde testis kan optreden, mogelijk met een fatale uitkomst.
Chromatoforoma’s bij reptielen
Authors: Lanckneus A. , Martel A. , Bosseler L. , Hellebuyck T.
Published: April 2020

Neoplasieën van de pigmentcellen of chromatoforen bij reptielen worden naargelang hun oorsprong geclassificeerd als melanoforoma’s, iridoforoma’s, xantoforoma’s, erytroforoma’s of gemengde chromatoforoma’s. In tegenstelling tot wat oorspronkelijk verondersteld werd, komen deze primaire, cutane neoplasieën regelmatig voor bij in gevangenschap gehouden reptielen. Melanoforoma’s en iridoforoma’s worden het meest frequent vastgesteld. Een definitieve diagnose van chromatoforoma’s wordt bekomen door middel van histologisch onderzoek. Aanvullend is immunohistochemie of elektronenmicroscopie soms noodzakelijk om chromatoforoma’s onderling te differentiëren. Complete chirurgische excisie wordt beschouwd als de voorkeursbehandeling. Vanwege de uitgesproken maligniteit en neiging tot metastasering is de prognose van chromatoforoma’s bij reptielen over het algemeen echter sterk gereserveerd. Een vroegtijdige en correcte diagnose van deze neoplastische aandoening bij reptielen is daarom van primordiaal belang. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de huidige kennis omtrent het voorkomen, het biologisch gedrag, de pathogenese en de diagnostische en therapeutische benadering van chromatoforoma’s bij reptielen met de nadruk op melano- en iridoforoma’s.
Van rondtrekkende beerhouders naar topgenetica
Authors: De Smet J.
Published: April 2020

Een kort overzicht wordt gegeven van de geschiedenis van de varkensselectie na Wereldoorlog II. Aanvankelijk speelden rondtrekkende beerhouders hierin een belangrijke rol. De door hen ondersteunde selectie naar een betere vlees-vetverhouding met minder aandacht voor groei, voederomzet en vruchtbaarheid, werd gestimuleerd door berenkeuringen, het varkensstamboek en fokvarkensveilingen. De selectie had voor gevolg dat bijna de hele Belgische varkenspopulatie gebaseerd op het Belgisch landvarken en de piétrain stressgevoelig werd. Voor het opsporen van de stressgevoeligheid werd in de zeventiger jaren van de vorige eeuw de halothaantest op punt gesteld. De inzet van stressnegatieve beren voor de fok van productiezeugen zorgde al snel voor een opmars van het stressnegatieve gen in het Belgisch landras. Vanaf 1985 werden die varkens ingeschreven in een apart stamboek ‘Belgisch halothaan-negatief’. Zo kwam men geleidelijk tot zeugenlijnen die homozygoot stressnegatief waren (AA): het Belgisch negatief ras of BN-ras. In 1981-82 werd de halothaantest stopgezet. Men kweekte verder met de lijnen die stressnegatief waren. Vanaf 1992 werd ook bloedonderzoek mogelijk: met een DNA-test kon het genotype van de dieren op het gebied van stressgevoeligheid opgespoord worden. Door de introductie van kunstmatige inseminisatie (KI) kon men relatief kleine piétrainberen inzetten op de grote zeugen van het Belgisch landras. Daardoor volstond een minder bevleesde zeug om toch tot de beste slachtvarkens te komen. Dus kon men de zeugen opnieuw selecteren op vruchtbaarheid en worpgrootte. Door gebruik te maken van de hybridefoktechniek kon men selecteren op worpgrootte (bij de zeugen) en op bevleesdheid (bij de beren). Bij kruisingen bekomt men veel biggen met voldoende vleesaanzet. Bijna alle slachtvarkens bij ons hebben een piétrainbeer als vader. De technieken gebruikt bij de natuurlijke dekking, de sperma-afname en de kunstmatige inseminatie worden beschreven, samen met de factoren die de bevruchtingsresultaten beïnvloeden. De drachtigheidsresultaten worden voor een belangrijk stuk bepaald door de manier waarop de bronstdetectie uitgevoerd wordt. Op grote fokbedrijven wordt zaad van de beren afgenomen en ter plaatse geïnsemineerd. In andere gevallen gebeurt dit in de KI-centra, waarbij het verdunde sperma na controle op kwaliteit rechtstreeks bij de zeugenhouders wordt afgeleverd die dan zelf de inseminaties uitvoeren. In 2010 werden negen op tien Vlaamse biggen kunstmatig verwekt met sperma uit een erkend KI-centrum.
Laryngeale hemiplegie bij het paard: een update
Authors: De Clercq E. , Rossignol F. , Martens A.
Published: April 2020

Laryngeale hemiplegie is een bekende aandoening van de bovenste luchtwegen bij het paard. Het komt niet alleen voor bij volbloeden maar eveneens bij warmbloedpaarden, koudbloeden en pony’s. Deze aandoening wordt voornamelijk aan de linkerzijde gezien. De functie van de linker nervus laryngeus recurrens wordt geïnhibeerd, waardoor een verlamming van de linker cricoarythenoïdeus dorsalis-spier optreedt. Laryngeale hemiplegie aan de rechterzijde heeft bijna altijd een onderliggende oorzaak in tegenstelling tot laryngeale hemiplegie aan de linkerzijde. Deze aandoening geeft mogelijk aanleiding tot een vermindering van het prestatievermogen van het paard, maar vaak is de primaire klacht die de eigenaar waarneemt de aanwezigheid van een inspiratoir geluid. De diagnose is niet altijd simpel, voornamelijk omdat de meeste praktijkdierenartsen geen endoscoop ter beschikking hebben. Recente studies wijzen uit dat echografisch onderzoek van de larynx kan helpen bij de diagnose van deze aandoening. Dit is een goed en beter beschikbaar alternatief. Indien de enige klacht die de eigenaar waarneemt het geluid is dat het paard maakt tijdens de arbeid, dan is een laserbehandeling de beste keuze. Ondervindt het paard problemen met de intensiteit van het werk dan is verdere chirurgische interventie nodig. Laryngoplastie of “tie-back” krijgt tegenwoordig nog steeds de voorkeur van de meeste chirurgen. Er zijn echter nieuwe behandelingen in ontwikkeling, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van zenuwgreffes en pacemakers om reïnnervatie mogelijk te maken. Deze laatste vernieuwingen zorgen voor een sterke reductie van de complicaties die wel vaker gezien worden bij laryngoplastie. Niettegenstaande is de prognose voor sportpaarden met idiopathische linker laryngeale hemiplegie die een laryngoplastie ondergaan zonder postoperatieve complicaties, goed.
Atriale en ventriculaire elektrische en contractiele “remodelling” en “reverse remodelling” van chronisch “pacing”-geïnduceerde atriale fibrillatie bij paarden: eerste resultaten
Authors: De Clercq D. , Decloedt A. , Tavernier R. , Deprez P. , van Loon G.
Published: April 2020

Na een langdurige periode van atriumfibrillatie neemt de elektrische en contractiele herstelperiode bij de mens meerdere weken in beslag. Momenteel is er maar weinig bekend over dit fenomeen bij het paard. In de voorliggende studie werden bij zes paarden een neurostimulator en een pacemaker ingepland om atriumfibrillatie (AF) te kunnen induceren en te onderhouden via een “burst-pacing”-mechanisme; en om de atriale en ventriculaire elektrofysiologie te kunnen bestuderen. Bij alle paarden ontstond persisterende AF na “burst pacing” gedurende twee tot vier weken. Parameters, zoals de atriale fibrillatiecyclus, de rechter atriale en ventriculaire refractaire periode en de gevoeligheid van het hart voor ritmestoornissen, zoals atriale aritmieën, atriale tachyaritmieën of AF, werden zowel voor en tijdens een AF-periode van vier maanden en gedurende een herstelperiode van twee maanden opgevolgd. De atriale en ventriculaire contractiliteit uitgedrukt in fractionele “shortening” en de grootte van de hartcompartimenten werden opgevolgd via 2D-echocardiografie. Bij twee van de zes paarden kon de procedure niet volledig opgevolgd worden ten gevolge van te hoge drempelwaarden (1 paard) of door een infectie ter hoogte van de “pocket” (1 paard). Bij de andere vier paarden konden er reeds na 48 uur van AF significante verschillen gemeten worden ten opzichte van de basale waarden. Tijdens de herstelperiode keerden alle waarden na één tot twee maanden naar de basale waarden terug. In dit onderzoek wordt aangetoond dat geïnduceerde chronische AF, elektrische en contractiele veranderingen teweegbrengt ter hoogte van het hart bij het paard maar dat deze veranderingen omkeerbaar zijn eens het sinusritme hersteld is. Deze resultaten suggereren dat er geen permanente schade veroorzaakt wordt door vier maanden pacing-geïnduceerde AF en dat een rustperiode van zes tot acht weken gunstig zou zijn alvorens het werk te hervatten.
An atypical case of proventricular dilatation in a Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus)
Authors: Hellebuyck T. , Geerinckx L. , Simard J. , Verlinden M. , Van Caelenberg A.
Published: April 2020

A Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus) was presented with regurgitation and passage of undigested seeds in the feces. Radiographic examination revealed dilatation of the proventriculus. Contrast radiography was performed and revealed that the proventricular dilatation and associated clinical signs resulted from circumferential thickening of the proventricular wall leading to severe narrowing of the lumen of the proventriculus. Testing for parrot bornavirus (PaBV) was negative. After the initiation of antimicrobial treatment because of suspected bacterial overgrowth, all clinical signs resolved two weeks after the start of the treatment, and radiographs taken four months after initial presentation revealed a normal appearance and size of the proventriculus. In the present case, bacterial proventriculitis associated with hyperplasia of the proventricular wall was put forward as a final but presumptive diagnosis highlighting the need to differentiate bacterial proventriculitis from other causes of proventricular dilatation in macaws.
Dieren als drijfkracht
Authors: De Smet J. , Devriese L.
Published: April 2020

Een kort overzicht wordt gegeven van een vrijwel vergeten gebruik van dieren door de mens: het aandrijven van machines. Paarden, en in zuidelijkere landen vooral ezels en muildieren, werden ingezet om zware tuigen, zoals waterhoosmolens, dorsmachines en graanmaalmolens, aan te drijven. Men noemde ze meestal rosmolens. In de eerste decennia van de industriële revolutie werden ‘rossen’ ook ingezet om spinmolens te laten draaien in de nieuwe textielfabrieken. Na hun verdwijnen hielden we in diverse talen de benaming van de eenheid van kracht (drijfkracht) over: paardenkracht (pk), in het Engels horse power (hp). Ongetwijfeld veel talrijker waren de kleinere tuigen die door honden werden aangedreven. Ze liepen in verticaal opgestelde tredmolens. ‘Boterhonden’ namen in de grotere boerderijen het zware werk van het melk karnen over van boerinnen en hun meiden. ‘Smidsehonden’ dreven blaasbalgen aan. Nog andere honden werden ingezet om meer gespecialiseerde werktuigen in gang te zetten en draaiende te houden.
In welke mate beïnvloedt de voederstrategie de smakelijkheid van varkensvlees?
Authors: Aluwé M. , Millet S. , Van den Broeke A.
Published: April 2020

Uit onderzoek aan het Instituut voor Landbouw-, Visserij- en Voedingsonderzoek (ILVO) blijkt dat het voederen van immunocastraten met een laag energetisch voeder in de derde afmestfase de smakelijkheid van het vlees vermindert.
Исследование морфологии поверхности, электрофизических характеристик и спектров фотолюминесценции эпитаксиальных плёнок GaAs на подложках GaAs (110)
Authors: Галиев Г.Б. , Климов Е.А. , Зайцев А.А. , Пушкарев С.С. , Клочков А.Н.
Published: April 2020

The electrophysical and photoluminescent characteristics as well as the surface morphology of GaAs epitaxial films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (110) substrates are studied. Silicon-doped epitaxial layers were grown in a wide range of growth temperatures from 410 to 680 °C and a ratio of arsenic and gallium fluxes from 14 to 84. The ranges of growth conditions resulting in the smoothest epitaxial films surface were estimated by atomic force microscopy. The occurrence of point defects "a Si atom in a Ga site" and "a Si atom in a As site" as well as the formation of arsenic and gallium vacancies were interpreted by analyzing the photoluminescence spectra of the grown samples.
Tomographic and entropic analysis of modulated signals-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Mastiukova A.S. , Gavreev M.A. , Kiktenko E.O. , Fedorov A.K.
Published: April 2020

We study an application of the quantum tomography framework for the time-frequency analysis of modulated signals. In particular, we calculate optical tomographic representations and Wigner-Ville distributions for signals with amplitude and frequency modulations. We also consider time-frequency entropic relations for modulated signals, which are naturally associated with the Fourier analysis. A numerical toolbox for calculating optical time-frequency tomograms based on pseudo Wigner-Ville distributions for modulated signals is provided.
Spectroscopic Analysis of Fluorescent Proteins Infiltrated into Photonic Crystals-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Zhdanova N. , Pakhomov A. , Rodionov S. , Strokova Yu. , Svyakhovskiy S. , Saletskii A.
Published: April 2020

Spectral properties of enhanced-green uorescent protein and monomeric red uorescent protein in porous photonic structures have been studied. The uorescent proteins were successfully inЛtrated into porous silicon photonic structures with dirent positions of the photonic band gap in visible spectral range. The intensity of uorescence is enhanced in the spectral regions of high photonic density of states. The possibility to control the uorescence spectra by the structure with the photonic band gap is demonstrated. Keywords: photonic crystals, porous silicon, uorescent proteins, photonic band gap.
Определение функции рассеяния точки компьютерно-синтезированной линзы, сформированной фазовым модулятором света
Authors: Сцепуро Н.Г. , Красин Г.К. , Ковалев М.С. , Пестерева В.Н.
Published: April 2020

In various areas of photonics, there is a tendency to move from elements of physical optics to elements of flat optics, primarily due to reducing dimensions of instruments and devices. Usually, spatial light modulators are used to quickly output flat phase elements. In this paper, the possibility of replacing the optical system with a computer-generated lens was investigated. The novelty of the work lies in a comparative analysis of point spread functions formed by an optical system and a computer-synthesized lens. Numerous experiments confirm the result.
Мониторинг быстрых вариаций содержания эндогенного СО в выдыхаемом воздухе методами диодной лазерной спектроскопии
Authors: Дьяченко А.И. , Степанов Е.В. , Шулагин Ю.А.
Published: April 2020

A.I.Dyachenko 1, E.V.Stepanov 1, Yu.A.Shulagin 2
1 Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science
2 Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Science

Metods of tunable diode laser spectroscopy were used to monitor fast physiological variations of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) content in expired air. For these purposes, a CO analyzer was created on the basis of a tunable diode laser emitting in the region of 2.35 μm at room temperature. To determine the concentration of CO in exhaled air, the value of the resonance absorption of this molecule in the R (6) line of the 0–2 band located near 4285 cm – 1 was measured. The use of this line, which is well isolated from nearby H2O absorption lines, allows one to ensure high selectivity of CO analysis in conditions of high humidity of the analyzed air. The capabilities of monitoring rapid physiological variations in the CO content in the exhaled air of humans and animals using the developed system were demonstrated in studies using different physiological stress tests, such as pure oxygen breathing (both in humans and rats), physical activity, and hyperventilation. The dynamics of the allocation of CO due to the use of certain pharmaceuticals were also observed. It was shown that laser analysis of CO in the spectral range of 2.35 μm makes it possible to detect fast dynamic processes of the evolution of this gaseous molecule, which is one of the signal metabolite molecules, during various physiological and medical studies, to study the patterns and relationships of the processes responsible for production, transport, buffering and release of CO in the body.
Fiction, Falsehoods, and Few Facts: Cross-Sectional Study on the Content-Related Quality of Atopic Eczema-Related Videos on YouTube
Authors: Mueller Simon M , Hongler Valentina N S , Jungo Pierre , Cajacob Lucian , Schwegler Simon , Steveling Esther H , Manjaly Thomas Zita-Rose , Fuchs Oliver , Navarini Alexander , Scherer Kathrin , Brandt Oliver
Published: April 2020

Background

In recent years, YouTube has become a recognized source of medical information for health care consumers. Although YouTube has advantages in this context, there are potential dangers as videos may contain nonscientific, misleading, or even harmful information.

Objective

As little is known about YouTube as a source of information on atopic dermatitis (AD), we investigated the content-related quality of AD videos and their perception among YouTube users.

Methods

The quality of the 100 most viewed AD videos was assessed by using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the DISCERN instrument. Videos were classified as “useful,” “misleading,” and “potentially harmful,” and the correlations of viewers’ ratings (likes) with the GQS and DISCERN scores were assessed.

Results

Among the 100 videos, 68.0% (68/100) and 62.0% (62/100) were of poor and very poor scientific quality, respectively. Additionally, 32.0% (32/100) of the videos were classified as useful, 48.0% (48/100) were classified as misleading, and 34.0% (34/100) were classified as potentially harmful. Viewers’ ratings did not correlate with the GQS and DISCERN scores. Overall, 50.0% (50/100) of the videos were posted by private individuals and promoters of complementary/alternative treatments, 42.0% (42/100) by therapeutical advertisers, and only 8.0% (8/100) by nonprofit organizations/universities.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that two-thirds of the videos analyzed were below acceptable medical quality standards and that many videos were disseminating misleading or even dangerous content. Subjective and anecdotal content was overrepresented, and viewers did not appear to be able to distinguish between high- and low-quality videos. Health promotion strategies by professional medical organizations are needed to improve their presence and visibility on YouTube.