bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibody Induction Directed against the Tumor‐Associated MUC4 Glycoprotein
Authors: Cai Hui , Palitzsch Björn , Hartmann Sebastian , Stergiou Natascha , Kunz Horst , Schmitt Edgar , Westerlind Ulrika
Published: March 2015

Mucin glycoproteins are important diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Although several strategies have been developed to explore anti‐tumor vaccines based on MUC1 glycopeptides, only few studies have focused on vaccines directed against the tumor‐associated MUC4 glycoprotein. MUC4 is an important tumor marker overexpressed in lung cancer and uniquely expressed in pancreatic ductual adenocarcinoma. The aberrant glycosylation of MUC4 in tumor cells results in an exposure of its peptide backbone and the formation of tumor‐associated glycopeptide antigens. Due to the low immunogenicity of these endogenous structures, their conjugation with immune stimulating peptide or protein carriers are required. In this study, MUC4 tandem‐repeat glycopeptides were conjugated to the tetanus toxoid and used for vaccination of mice. Immunological evaluations showed that our MUC4‐based vaccines induced very strong antigen‐specific immune responses. In addition, antibody binding epitope analysis on glycopeptide microarrays, were demonstrating a clear glycosylation site dependence of the induced antibodies.
Characterization of the Nocardiopsin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Reveals Similarities to and Differences from the Rapamycin and FK‐506 Pathways
Authors: Bis Dana M. , Ban Yang H. , James Elle D. , Alqahtani Norah , Viswanathan Rajesh , Lane Amy L.
Published: March 2015

Macrolide‐pipecolate natural products, such as rapamycin (1) and FK‐506 (2), are renowned modulators of FK506‐binding proteins (FKBPs). The nocardiopsins, from Nocardiopsis sp. CMB‐M0232, are the newest members of this structural class. Here, the biosynthetic pathway for nocardiopsins A–D (4–7) is revealed by cloning, sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses of the nsn gene cluster. In vitro evaluation of recombinant NsnL revealed that this lysine cyclodeaminase catalyzes the conversion of L‐lysine into the L‐pipecolic acid incorporated into 4 and 5. Bioinformatic analyses supported the conjecture that a linear nocardiopsin precursor is equipped with the hydroxy group required for macrolide closure in a previously unobserved manner by employing a P450 epoxidase (NsnF) and limonene epoxide hydrolase homologue (NsnG). The nsn cluster also encodes candidates for tetrahydrofuran group biosynthesis. The nocardiopsin pathway provides opportunities for engineering of FKBP‐binding metabolites and for probing new enzymology in nature's polyketide tailoring arsenal.
Modeling of a Slurry Bubble Column Reactor for the Production of Biofuels via the Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Vik Camilla Berge , Solsvik Jannike , Hillestad Magne , Jakobsen Hugo A.
Published: March 2015

The Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis carried out in a slurry bubble column is modeled with a focus on the production of liquid fuels from biomass. Mass, momentum and energy balances are formulated for the gas, liquid and solid phases and solved by the orthogonal collocation method. A multifluid population balance model is utilized. The interfacial area between the gas and liquid phases can be calculated directly from a mass density function of the bubbles. Five different compositions of feed synthesis gas representing biomass (with and without water‐gas shift reaction), coal (with and without autothermal reforming), and natural gas (after autothermal reforming) are simulated to highlight the effect of the synthesis gas composition.
Mechanochromic Luminescence of Copper Iodide Clusters
Authors: Benito Quentin , Maurin Isabelle , Cheisson Thibaut , Nocton Gregory , Fargues Alexandre , Garcia Alain , Martineau Charlotte , Gacoin Thierry , Boilot Jean‐Pierre , Perruchas Sandrine
Published: March 2015

Luminescent mechanochromic materials are particularly appealing for the development of stimuli‐responsive materials. Establishing the mechanism responsible for the mechanochromism is always an issue owing to the difficulty in characterizing the ground phase. Herein, the study of real crystalline polymorphs of a mechanochromic and thermochromic luminescent copper iodide cluster permits us to clearly establish the mechanism involved. The local disruption of the crystal packing induces changes in the cluster geometry and in particular the modification of the cuprophilic interactions, which consequently modify the emissive states. This study constitutes a step further toward the understanding of the mechanism involved in the mechanochromic luminescent properties of multimetallic coordination complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: The Germanides ScTGe (T: Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au) — Structure and 45Sc Solid State NMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: Heying Birgit , Haverkamp Sandra , Rodewald Ute Ch , Eckert Hellmut , Peter Sebastian C. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: March 2015

ScMGe (M: Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au) are obtained in pure form by arc‐melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and High‐Pressure Stability of Hydrothermally Grown LiKTmF5.
Authors: Grzechnik Andrzej , Comer Sara , Kolis Joseph W. , Friese Karen
Published: March 2015

Single crystals of LiKTmF5 are hydrothermally grown according to the literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Novel Red Emitting Phosphor Sr2LiSiO4F:Eu3+.
Authors: Xie Mubiao , Zeng Lihua , Zhou Xiaoping , Xie Feifei
Published: March 2015

Novel red phosphors Sr2LiSiO4F:xEu3+ (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) are prepared by solid‐state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3, SrCO3, SiO2, NH4F, and Eu2O3 (900 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Yb14MgSb11 and Ca14MgSb11 — New Mg‐Containing Zintl Compounds and Their Structures, Bonding, and Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Hu Yufei , Wang Jian , Kawamura Airi , Kovnir Kirill , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: March 2015

The Zintl phases Yb14MgSb11 (I) and Ca14MgSb11 (II) are prepared by annealing mixtures of the elements in the molar ratio Yb(Ca):Mg:Sb of 14:2:11 (Nb tube in evacuated silica tubes, 1275 K for (I) and 1225 K for (II)).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis, Structure, and Electrical Characterization of (SnSe)1.2TiSe2.
Authors: Merrill Devin R. , Moore Daniel B. , Ditto Jeffrey , Sutherland Duncan R. , Falmbigl Matthias , Winkler Markus , Pernau Hans‐Fridtjof , Johnson David C.
Published: March 2015

Thin films of the new title intergrowth compound consisting of a bilayer of SnSe and TiSe2 trilayer are prepared by self‐assembly from a precursor containing modulated layers of Sn‐Se and Ti‐Se, which is synthesized by deposition of elemental layers (annealing at 350 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Total Conductivity of A‐Site Doped LaTiO3‐δ Perovskites.
Authors: Bradha M. , Hussain S. , Chakravarty Sujay , Amarendra G. , Ashok Anuradha
Published: March 2015

LaTiO3‐δ and La0.8A0.2TiO3‐δ (A: Ba, Sr, Ca) are prepared by sol‐gel processing of La(NO3)3, alkali acetates, and (Pr‐O)4Ti using citric acid and PEG (60 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: S = 2 Spin Ladders in the Sulfide Oxide BaFe2S2O.
Authors: Valldor Martin , Adler Peter , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Tjeng Liu Hao
Published: March 2015

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of BaO, Fe, and S (quartz tube, 800 °C, 100 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and Moessbauer spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Barium Tetrafluoridobromate(III) Ba(BrF4)2.
Authors: Ivlev Sergey , Sobolev Vasily , Hoelzel Markus , Karttunen Antti J. , Mueller Thomas , Gerin Ivan , Ostvald Roman , Kraus Florian
Published: March 2015

The title compound is synthesized by the reaction of BaF2 with liquid BrF3 under Freon‐113 (PTFE tube, 99% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide(III) Nitride Bismuthides M2NBi (M: La—Nd) and Their Potential as Topological Insulators.
Authors: Wolff Klaus K. , Lissner Falk , Koehler Juergen , Schleid Thomas
Published: March 2015

The title compounds are synthesized from mixtures of the respective lanthanide metal (M: La, Ce, Pr, Nd), CsN3, elemental Bi, and MCl3 using CsCl as flux (silica tubes, 900 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: La2NiSb — A Ternary Ordered Version of the Bi3Ni Type with Highly Polar Bonding.
Authors: Schaefer Konrad , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael , Gerke Birgit , Schwickert Christian , Poettgen Rainer
Published: March 2015

La2NiSb is prepared by annealing a cold‐pressed pellet of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 1120 K, 500 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐Crown Ether Complex Cation Ionic Liquids: Preparation and Applications in Organic Reactions.
Authors: Song Yingying , Cheng Chen , Jing Huanwang
Published: March 2015

Nine title compounds with either a ‐Bu or a ‐Bn substituent at the nitrogen and different counterions are designed, synthesized, and investigated as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion‐Binding Catalysis by Electron‐Deficient Pyridinium Cations.
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht , Das Somnath , Pekel Daniel , Neudoerfl Joerg‐M.
Published: March 2015

The C—C coupling between 1‐chloroisochroman and related electrophiles with silyl ketene acetals is realized by using the shown ligand (PYR).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Silyl Enol Ethers Catalyzed by Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pairs.
Authors: Wei Simin , Du Haifeng
Published: March 2015

Highly enantioselective metal‐free hydrogenation of silyl enol ethers is achieved by combining P(tBu)3 with a chiral borane generated in situ by hydroboration of an axial‐chiral diene with HB(C6F5)2 as a frustrated Lewis pair catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins: Pyrrolidinyl‐oxazole‐carboxamides as New Efficient Organocatalysts.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Sathish Manda , Srinivasulu Vunnam , Chetna Jadala , Chandra Shekar Kunta , Nekkanti Shalini , Tangella Yellaiah , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: March 2015

Chiral pyrrolidinyl‐oxazolecarboxamides are synthesized and used as organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael addition of ketones with nitroalkenes under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroarylboronates in Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition to Enones.
Authors: Albrecht Fabian , Sowada Oliver , Fistikci Meryem , Boysen Mike M. K.
Published: March 2015

The 1,4‐addition of heteroaryl MIDA and pinacol boronates (II) and (IV) as alternative to labile boronic acid counterparts is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [3 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Alkylidenecyclopropanes. A Straightforward Entry to Fused 6,7,5‐Tricyclic Systems.
Authors: Saya Lucia , Fernandez Israel , Lopez Fernando , Mascarenas Jose L.
Published: March 2015

Small amounts of cyclooctatetraene are formed as by‐product in the cyclization of (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of Alcohols to α‐Chloro Aldehydes and α‐Chloro Ketones.
Authors: Jing Yuanyuan , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: March 2015

A mild transformation of various alcohols into the corresponding α‐chloro carbonyl derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Eutectic Solvent Supported TEMPO for Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Zhang Yuecheng , Lue Fenglian , Cao Xiaohui , Zhao Jiquan
Published: March 2015

A novel deep eutectic solvent supported TEMPO/Fe(NO3)3 system shows good performance on the selective oxidation of various alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: New Iminophosphine‐Ru(II) Complexes and Their Application in Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Keles Mustafa , Sahinoglu Coskun , Emir Duygu M. , Mart Mehmet
Published: March 2015

New Ru(II)‐iminophosphine complexes such as IPRC function as excellent catalysts for the direct hydrogenation of styrenes and the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenones.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticle Mediated Organic Synthesis (NAMO‐Synthesis): CuI‐NP Catalyzed Ligand Free Amidation of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Kumar Atul , Bishnoi Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2015

The applied CuI nanoparticles are prepared from copper acetate, dimethylglyoxime, and KI.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Mannich Synthesis of α‐Amino Esters by Anion‐Binding Catalysis.
Authors: Wasa Masayuki , Liu Richard Y. , Roche Stephane P. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: March 2015

The chiral aminothiourea catalyst operates cooperatively by generating an iminium ion through chloride abstraction and an enolate by deprotonation, followed by stereoselective C‐C bond formation between both reactive intermediates associated non‐covalently within the catalyst framework.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Alkyl—Alkyl Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using Hydrocarbon Additives: Efficiency of Catalyst and Roles of Additives.
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Imanishi Reiko , Shimizu Ryohei , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: March 2015

Unsaturated hydrocarbon additives are found to be crucial for the present highly efficient cross‐coupling of alkyl halides with alkyl Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Basicity Modulation of N‐Heterocycles: A Key for Successful Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Lafaye Kevin , Nicolas Lionel , Guerinot Amandine , Reymond Sebastien , Cossy Janine
Published: March 2015

The choice of an appropriate substituent on the heteroaromatic ring decreases the Lewis basicity of the nitrogen atom, which prevents the deactivation of the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzoxanthene and Acridine Derivatives Catalyzed by 1,3‐Disulfonic Acid Imidazolium Carboxylate Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Dutta Arup Kumar , Gogoi Pinky , Borah Ruli
Published: March 2015

The acidity order of the new applied ionic liquid in Hammet plot corresponds to its catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Alkenes with Amides Using Peroxides: Selective Amide C(sp3)—H versus C(sp2)—H Functionalization.
Authors: Yang Xu‐Heng , Wei Wen‐Ting , Li Hai‐Bing , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: March 2015

Mono‐ and difunctionalization of a broad scope of non‐activated alkenes is achieved with excellent chemoselectivities by a new oxidative coupling method.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Intermolecular [2 + 2]‐Photocycloaddition Reactions of Maleic Anhydride: Stereocontrolled and Regiocontrolled Access to 1,2,3‐Trifunctionalized Cyclobutanes.
Authors: Hernvann Florian , Rasore Gloria , Declerck Valerie , Aitken David J.
Published: March 2015

The [2 + 2]‐photocycloaddition reactions of maleic anhydride (II) with either allyl alcohol (I) or propargyl alcohol (XII) is elaborated to provide access to 1,2,3‐trifunctionalized cyclobutanes with three differentiated one‐carbon substituents and complementary stereochemical pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: Co2(CO)8‐Mediated Selective Reductions of Propargyl Alcohol Derivatives to Alkenes.
Authors: Dou Ying , Xing Ping , Huang Zuogang , Jiang Biao
Published: March 2015

The Z/E selectivity of the title reduction reaction is influenced by the type and amount of an additive.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generation of the Ohira—Bestmann Reagent from Stable Sulfonyl Azide: Scalable Synthesis of Alkynes from Aldehydes.
Authors: Jepsen Tue Heesgaard , Kristensen Jesper Langgaard
Published: March 2015

An improved method for the in situ generation of the Ohira—Bestmann reagent and its application for a scalable and convenient approach for the synthesis of alkynes from aldehydes is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Iminol Rearrangement: New Chiral Platforms.
Authors: Zhang Xin , Staples Richard J. , Rheingold Arnold L , Wulff William D.
Published: March 2015

Among a series of 19 different asymmetric catalysts screened for the rearrangement of α‐hydroxy imines to α‐amino ketones, the zirconium complex of VANOL (ZRV) shows the best catalytic activity although aluminum and titan complexes of VANOL, VAPOL, and 7,7′‐tBu2VANOL are also quite effective.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Acylamino Nitroolefins.
Authors: Yan Qiaozhi , Liu Man , Kong Duanyang , Zi Guofu , Hou Guohua
Published: March 2015

The highly efficient enantioselective hydrogenation of β‐acylamino nitroalkenes provides access to chiral β‐amino nitroalkanes in high yields and excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldehyde‐Assisted Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Oxygenations.
Authors: Yang Fanzhi , Rauch Karsten , Kettelhoit Katharina , Ackermann Lutz
Published: March 2015

The Ru‐catalyzed site‐selective C—H oxygenation directed by a weakly‐coordinating aldehyde function is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective α‐Tosyloxylation of Ketones Using 1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐2‐iodoethane as Catalyst.
Authors: Zhang Bijun , Han Liuquan , Hu Jiantao , Yan Jie
Published: March 2015

A novel and efficient procedure for the preparation of α‐tosyloxyketones from corresponding ketenes is developed using an active iodine species generated in situ from trifluoro‐2‐iodoethane and MCPBA as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Arylation of C(sp3)—H Bonds Adjacent to Oxygen of Ethers and Alcohols.
Authors: Pandit Rameshwar Prasad , Lee Yong Rok
Published: March 2015

A facile protocol is developed for the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of ethers and alcohols with phenol and naphthol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Secondary Nitroallylic Alcohols Combined with Simultaneous Desymmetrization of Prochiral Cyclic Anhydrides.
Authors: Roy Suparna , Chen Kan‐Fu , Gurubrahamam Ramani , Chen Kwunmin
Published: March 2015

In the presence of chiral catalyst CTC, the reaction affords hemiesters of type (III) and (VI) with good to excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide‐Assisted Acetoxylation of Vinyl C(sp2)—H Bonds by Rhodium Catalysis.
Authors: Yu Wenlong , Chen Jia , Gao Kun , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: March 2015

The first rhodium‐catalyzed acetoxylation of an olefinic C—H bond in enamides proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to give Z‐configurated products.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Sequential Schmidt and Ritter Reactions for the Synthesis of N‐tert‐Butyl Amides.
Authors: Hazarika Nabajyoti , Baishya Gakul
Published: March 2015

The one‐pot two‐step conversion of aldehydes to N‐tert‐butyl amides is achieved by conversion to nitriles and subsequent Ritter reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Thioetherification of Chloroheteroarenes: A Binuclear Catalyst Promotes Wide Scope and High Functional‐Group Tolerance.
Authors: Platon Melanie , Wijaya Novi , Rampazzi Vincent , Cui Luchao , Rousselin Yoann , Saeys Mark , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille
Published: March 2015

The nucleophilic substitution of a variety of chloro‐ and bromohetarenes with arylthiols is optimized to use [PdCl(allyl)]2 in combination with a ferrocenyltetraphosphane as ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Organocatalysts: Sulfenate Anions.
Authors: Zhang Mengnan , Jia Tiezheng , Yin Haolin , Carroll Patrick J. , Schelter Eric J. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: March 2015

It is proposed that sulfenate anions generated from sulfoxides act as catalysts in the base promoted conversion of benzyl halides into trans‐stilbenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Efficient Route for Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α,β‐Alkynyl/Alkenyl Ketones.
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xu Xuefeng , Yu Lintao , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhao Qiang
Published: March 2015

Although aliphatic alkynes form alkynyl ketones using AgOTf/TfOH as the catalyst, no alkenyl ketones are observed with catalytic amounts of TfOH.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Organocatalyst Derived from Abietic Acid and 4‐Hydroxy‐L‐proline for Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Bhowmick Sudipto , Kunte Sunita S. , Bhowmick Kartick C.
Published: March 2015

The new catalyst efficiently catalyzes the aldol reaction between aromatic aldehydes and ketones with only 1 mol% loading.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Indanols via a Michael/Henry Organocascade with Submol% Squaramide Catalyst Loadings.
Authors: Loh Charles C. J. , Chauhan Pankaj , Hack Daniel , Lehmann Christian , Enders Dieter
Published: March 2015

A convenient synthesis of functionalized indanols bearing four contiguous stereocenters is achieved by addition reaction of nitrostyrene aldehydes (I) with cyclic β‐keto compounds (II) and (IV) in the presence of a bifunctional 9‐epi‐quinidine based squaramide catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization of Biaryl Triazenes for the Synthesis of Fluorenes and 9,10‐Dihydro‐Phenanthrenes.
Authors: Xu Lijun , Yang Weijun , Zhang Lili , Miao Maozhong , Yang Zhigen , Xu Xin , Ren Hongjun
Published: March 2015

Biaryl triazenes can be easily converted to a series of fluorenes under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Annulative Coupling of 2‐Arylbenzoyl Chlorides with Alkynes: Selective Formation of Phenanthrene Derivatives.
Authors: Nagata Tomoya , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: March 2015

The catalyst system which includes an iridium complex is highly efficient for a selective formation of phenanthrene structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Diels—Alder [4 + 2] Cycloadditions and Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cross‐Cycloadditions of Dienylcyclopropane 1,1‐Diesters.
Authors: Ren Jun , Bao Jilai , Ma Weiwei , Wang Zhongwen
Published: March 2015

While the first reaction step provides a mixture of four diastereomers, the second step completes the access to 6,6‐ and 6,7‐fused carbocyclic skeletons with three new rings and four new stereocenters with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Function‐Oriented Investigations of a Peptide‐Based Catalyst that Mediates Enantioselective Allylic Alcohol Epoxidation.
Authors: Abascal Nadia C. , Lichtor Phillip A. , Giuliano Michael W. , Miller Scott J.
Published: March 2015

The present catalyst is effective in selective and enantioselective epoxidation of farnesol (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydrofurans via Prins Cyclization of Enol Ethers.
Authors: Gogoi Paramartha , Das Vijay K. , Saikia Anil K.
Published: March 2015

Indium triflate efficiently mediates the stereo‐ and regioselective Prins cyclization of acrylyl enol ethers to furnish tetrahydrofurans against the Baldwin rules.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyproline‐Derived Pseudoenantiomeric [2.2.1] Bicyclic Phosphines: Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐ and (‐)‐Pyrrolines.
Authors: Henry Christopher E. , Xu Qihai , Fan Yi Chiao , Martin Tioga J. , Belding Lee , Dudding Travis , Kwon Ohyun
Published: March 2015

Two diastereoisomeric 2‐aza‐5‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes (I) and (II) are prepared and used as catalysts for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched pyrrolines with opposite absolute configurations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Pyrroles by Tandem Amination/Cyanation/Alkylation and Amination/Oxidation Sequences.
Authors: Han Junbin , Lu Zhichao , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: March 2015

A three component tandem reaction of primary amino‐tethered alkynes gives α‐CN substituted pyrrolidines in good regioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine α‐Heteroarylation via Photoredox Catalysis: A Homolytic Aromatic Substitution Pathway.
Authors: Prier Christopher K. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: March 2015

Five‐ (II) and six‐membered heteroarenes (IV) are viable coupling partners for the title reaction with cyclic and acyclic amines [(I) and (VI)].
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Aromatic Nitriles with Alkenes: Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Reddy Mallu Chenna , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: March 2015

Aromatic nitriles undergo cyclization with activated alkenes in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst providing substituted 3‐methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones with high Z‐stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Functionalization/Asymmetric Michael Addition Cascade Enabled by Relay Catalysis: Metal Carbenoid Used for C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Chen Dian‐Feng , Zhao Feng , Hu Yue , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: March 2015

The optimized conditions render possible the synthesis of optically active bisindoles via one‐pot reaction of diazooxindoles, N‐methylindoles and nitroalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (3S,1′S)‐3‐(1‐Amino‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)‐1‐(alkyl)‐indolin‐2‐one Derivatives by Addition of (S)‐N‐t‐Butylsulfinyl‐3,3,3‐trifluoroacetaldimine to 1‐(Alkyl)‐indolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Qian Ping , Xie Chen , Wu Lingmin , Mei Haibo , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: March 2015

Enolates of indolin‐2‐ones react cleanly with the chiral imine (II) to afford adducts (III) and (V) in good diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzannulation of Indoles to Carbazoles and Its Applications for Syntheses of Carbazole Alkaloids.
Authors: Zheng Xiaojian , Lv Leiyang , Lu Shenglin , Wang Wenxiao , Li Zhiping
Published: March 2015

γ‐Carbonyl tert‐butylperoxides such as (II) and (VIII) are applied as new diene building blocks for the π‐extension of indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Imidazopyrazole and Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Soliman Ahmed M. M. , El‐Remaily Mahmoud. Abd El‐Aleem. Ali. , Sultan Adel. A. , Abdel‐Ghany Hossam.
Published: March 2015

starting from 5‐amino‐3‐anilino‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonitrile (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Universal Opioid Receptor Agonist with the 1,3,5‐Trioxazatriquinane Skeleton and Its Pharmacologies.
Authors: Hirayama Shigeto , Wada Naohisa , Kuroda Naoya , Iwai Takashi , Yamaotsu Noriyuki , Hirono Shuichi , Fujii Hideaki , Nagase Hiroshi
Published: March 2015

New compound (I) (SYK‐524) shows moderate binding affinities and agonistic activities for the three opioid receptor types.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Tetramethylammonium Fluoride (TMAF) and Alkali Metal Alkoxides as an Activator for Catalytic Deprotonative Functionalization of Heteroaromatic C(sp2)—H Bonds.
Authors: Inamoto Kiyofumi , Okawa Hitomi , Kikkawa Shoko , Kondo Yoshinori
Published: March 2015

Contrary to previous systems the applied catalysts are readily available and relatively stable in the air.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated C6‐Selective Dehydrogenative Heteroarylation of 2‐Pyridones with 1,3‐Azoles.
Authors: Odani Riko , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: March 2015

The Cu(OAc)2‐mediated heteroarylation reactions use a pyridyl substituent on the nitrogen atom of the pyridone ring as directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectivity Tunable Divergent Synthesis of 1,4‐ and 1,2‐Dihydropyridines via Three‐Component Reactions.
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Lin Yunfang , Jing Yanfeng , Xu Mengli , Liu Yunyun
Published: March 2015

The selectivity of the title reaction depends on the choice of the amine component [(II) and (IX)].
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Efficient C—OH Bond Activation, PdCl2(PPh3)2 Catalyzed, C—C Bond Formation of Tautomerizable Quinolinones with the Aid of BOP Reagent and Boronic Acids
Authors: Kumar Yadavalli Suneel , Dasaradhan C. , Prabakaran Kamalakannan , Khan Fazlur‐Rahman Nawaz , Jeong Euh Duck , Chung Eun Hyuk , Kim Hyun Gyu
Published: March 2015

23 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Synthesis and Evaluation of 7‐Chloroquinoline‐1,2,3‐triazoyl Carboxamides as Potential Antinociceptive, Anti‐inflammatory and Anticonvulsant Agent.
Authors: Wilhelm Ethel A. , Machado Niege C. , Pedroso Andrieli B. , Goldani Bruna S. , Seus Natalia , Moura Sidnei , Savegnago Lucielli , Jacob Raquel G. , Alves Diego
Published: March 2015

Derivative (IIIa) shows an effect on central pain modulation by presenting antinociceptive and antiinflammatory characteristics for combating acute pain.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis‐exocyclic Conjugated Diene Containing 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck Cyclization.
Authors: Ghosh Munmun , Dhara Shubhendu , Nuree Yasin , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: March 2015

The reaction proceeds through a 6‐exo‐dig cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Indolines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines from (S)‐Amino Acid‐Derived Chiral Carbocations: An Easy Access to (3S,4R)‐Demethoxy‐3‐isopropyl Diclofensine.
Authors: Manna Sudipta Kumar , Panda Gautam
Published: March 2015

The intramolecular Friedel—Crafts‐type reaction is promoted by a Lewis acid and exhibits high trans‐diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Cyclization of Tritylamines Promoted by Copper Salt Through C—H and C—N Bond Cleavages to Produce Acridine Derivatives.
Authors: Morioka Ryosuke , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: March 2015

Treatment of the tritylamine substrates with [RhCl(cod)]2/Cu(O‐Ac)2 is known to produce 9‐aryl‐9H‐fluorene‐9‐amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Aminoindolizines from 2‐Alkylpyridines.
Authors: Kucukdisli Murat , Opatz Till
Published: March 2015

5‐Exo‐dig cyclization of 2‐alkyl‐1‐(1‐cyanoalkyl)pyridinium triflates offers a convenient method for the synthesis of 2‐aminoindolizines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Azafluorenones from Dihalogeno Diaryl Ketones by Palladium‐Catalyzed Auto‐Tandem Processes.
Authors: Marquise Nada , Dorcet Vincent , Chevallier Floris , Mongin Florence
Published: March 2015

Bromophenyl‐chloropyridinyl‐ketones (I), (IV), and (VII) as well as dihalopyridinyl‐phenyl‐ketones (X), (XVIII), and (XX) undergo tandem Suzuki‐ or Heck‐coupling/cyclization to form the title compounds with mono‐ and bis‐Suzuki coupling products (IX), (XIII), (XVI), and (VI), resp., as main byproducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Superparamagnetic CuFeO2 Nanoparticles in Deep Eutectic Solvent: An Efficient and Recycable Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Lu Jun , Li Xiao‐Tang , Ma Er‐Qian , Mo Li‐Ping , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: March 2015

Title compounds are conveniently synthesized using an environmentally benign catalytic system in recyclable citric acid—dimethylurea melt.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline‐tetraone Derivatives in Water.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Delbari Akram Sadat , Yadollahzadeh Khadijeh
Published: March 2015

Easy work‐up, good yields and environmentally friendliness are the advantages of the procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of cis,cis‐Configured Vicinal Triamines.
Authors: Schulte Adrian , Saito Susumu , Wuensch Bernhard
Published: March 2015

Starting from N‐cyclohexenylpyrrolidone (I) the stereoselective construction of the cis,cis vicinal triamine (VII) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed C—N Cross‐Coupling/Cyclization Strategy: An Unprecedented Access to 1‐Thienyl Pyrroloquinoxalines (III) for the New Approach Towards Apoptosis.
Authors: Kolli Sunder Kumar , Nakhi Ali , Archana Sivakumar , Saridena Maneesha , Deora Girdhar Singh , Yellanki Swapna , Medisetti Raghavender , Kulkarni Pushkar , Ramesh Raju R. , Pal Manojit
Published: March 2015

New compound (IIIe) appears to be a novel apoptotic agent of further interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Cyclic Boramides from Salicylaldehydes, Ammonium Acetate and Sodium Borohydride.
Authors: Perez Victor Tena , Fuentes de Arriba Angel L. , Monleon Laura M. , Simon Luis , Rubio Omayra H. , Sanz Francisca , Moran Joaquin R.
Published: March 2015

Imines generated in situ from salicylaldehydes react with sodium borohydride, methanol, and a second equivalent of aldehydes to form fairly stable cyclic boramides.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelate‐Assisted Direct Selenation of Aryl C—H Bonds with Diselenides Catalyzed by Palladium.
Authors: Iwasaki Masayuki , Tsuchiya Yuta , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: March 2015

The first palladium‐catalyzed C—H selenation of benzamides, benzylamines, and 2‐arylpyridines with the aid of the nitrogen‐chelating groups is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Sesquiterpenes from the Chinese Medicinal Plant, Chloranthus angustifolius.
Authors: Yang Xinzhou , Wang Chao , Yang Jing , Wan Dingrong , Lin Qinxiong , Yang Guangzhong , Mei Zhinan , Feng Yunjiang
Published: March 2015

Both new isolated compounds display antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MIC: 16 μg/ml).
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenoids from the Root Bark of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus and Their Biological Activities.
Authors: Hu Hao‐Bin , Zhang Peng‐Hui , Wu Yun
Published: March 2015

isolation, structure elucidation, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the new sesquiterpenoid (I) and two known sesquiterpenoids
ChemInform Abstract: Mother Diamine: A Universal Building Block for Making Chiral Ligands from Daughter Diamines to Binol, Binap and Monophos Analogues.
Authors: Lee Ansoo , So Soon Mog , Lough Alan J. , Kim Hyunwoo , Chin Jik
Published: March 2015

From a series of tested ligands the presented ligand (MDP) gives the best conversion and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of N‐acetyldehydrophenylalanine methyl ester (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indole‐Derived Allocolchicine Congeners Through Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Arylation Reaction.
Authors: Sitnikov Nikolay S. , Kokisheva Antonina S. , Fukin Georgy K. , Neudoerfl Joerg‐Martin , Sutorius Hannah , Prokop Aram , Fokin Valery V. , Schmalz Hans‐Guenther , Fedorov Alexey Yu.
Published: March 2015

Key step in the synthesis of the structural analogues (III) and (VI) of the antimitotic agent allocolchicine is the formation of the polycyclic ring system under Pd catalysis in the presence of CsOPiv, generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective and Regioselective Pyrone Diels—Alder Reactions of Vinyl Sulfones: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cavicularin.
Authors: Zhao Peng , Beaudry Christopher M.
Published: March 2015

The enantioselective total synthesis of the title compound (I) features a regioselective one‐pot three‐component Suzuki reaction of a bisbromoarene to form a high substituted terphenyl, and an intramolecular enantioselective Diels—Alder reaction of an α‐pyrone as key‐steps.
ChemInform Abstract: New Thymol Derivatives and Cytotoxic Constituents from the Root of Eupatorium cannabinum ssp. asiaticum.
Authors: Chen Li‐Chai , Lee Tzong‐Huei , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Shu Chih‐Wen , Lim Yun‐Ping , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Kuo Wen‐Lung , Chen Jih‐Jung
Published: March 2015

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxic activities of two new thymol derivatives, (I) and (II), along with six known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Atrop‐O‐benzyl‐desmethylabyssomicin C.
Authors: Matovic R. , Bihelovic F. , Gruden‐Pavlovic M. , Saicic R. N.
Published: March 2015

The synthetic natural product analogue title compound (I) shows antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains comparable to the natural product atrop‐abyssomicin C, but its cytotoxicity (HeLa and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) is three orders of magnitude lower.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Nitride Family at Reduced Dimensions: A Review of Their Synthesis Protocols and Structural and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: March 2015

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fundamental Degradation Mechanisms of Layered Oxide Li‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials: Methodology, Insights and Novel Approaches
Authors: Hausbrand R. , Cherkashinin G. , Ehrenberg H. , Groeting M. , Albe K. , Hess C. , Jaegermann W.
Published: March 2015

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review: Bismuth Complexes: Synthesis and Applications in Biomedicine
Authors: Yang Yang , Ouyang Ruizhuo , Xu Lina , Guo Ning , Li Weiwei , Feng Kai , Ouyang Lei , Yang Zhuoyuan , Zhou Shuang , Miao Yuqing
Published: March 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Selected Quinolone‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Singh R. , Debnath A. , Masram D. T. , Rathore D.
Published: March 2015

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Complexes of Pyridines Together with Diverse Heterocycles as Ligands
Authors: Sadimenko Alexander P.
Published: March 2015

Review: 576 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review (Part A) ‐ General Applications of Schiff Base Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Anis Itrat , Aslam Muhammad , Noreen Zahra , Afza Nighat , Hussain Ajaz , Safder Muhammad , Chaudhry Asif Hanif
Published: March 2015

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Activation by f‐Block Complexes
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , McMullon Max W. , Rieb Julia , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: March 2015

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cryptand‐Based Hosts for Organic Guests
Authors: Han Ying , Jiang Yi , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: March 2015

Review: [111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Copper‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution
Authors: Zhang De‐Yang , Hu Xiang‐Ping
Published: March 2015

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Synthesis Through Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C—H Activation
Authors: Guo Tenglong , Huang Fei , Yu Likun , Yu Zhengkun
Published: March 2015

Review: [56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III)‐Porphyrin Complex FeTSPP: A Versatile Water‐Soluble Catalyst for Oxidations in Organic Syntheses, Biorenewables Degradation and Environmental Applications
Authors: Boehm Philipp , Groeger Harald
Published: March 2015

Review: [35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Metal‐Free Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: March 2015

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Arylation with Nitroarenes: Metal‐Catalyzed and Metal‐Free Methodologies
Authors: Mondal Manoj , Bharadwaj Saitanya K. , Bora Utpal
Published: March 2015

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Tautomerism of 4‐Quinolones and Related Compounds
Authors: Kurasawa Yoshihisa , Sasaki Kenji
Published: March 2015

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Lipid A: At the Heart of Innate Immunity
Authors: Molinaro Antonio , et al. et al. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2015

Review: [186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Oxidation of Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Dong Jia Jia , Browne Wesley R. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: March 2015

Review: [recent developments and mechanistic insights; 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridynes and Indolynes as Building Blocks for Functionalized Heterocycles and Natural Products
Authors: Goetz Adam E. , Shah Tejas K. , Garg Neil K.
Published: March 2015

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development of Synthetic Preparation Methods for Guanidines via Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xu Ling , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: March 2015

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunneling in the Reactions of Carbenes and Oxacarbenes
Authors: Gerbig Dennis , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: March 2015

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromaticity in Polyacenes and Their Structural Analogues
Authors: Das Ranjita , Chakraborty Arindam , Pan Sudip , Chattaraj Pratim K.
Published: March 2015

Review: 211 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on Using BINOLs in Enantioselective Molecular Recognition
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Pu Lin
Published: March 2015

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring the Assembly, Interfaces, and Porosity of Nanostructures Toward Enhanced Catalytic Activity
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Dinh , Dinh Cao‐Thang , Do Trong‐On
Published: March 2015

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Truxene: A Promising Scaffold for Future Materials
Authors: Goubard Fabrice , Dumur Frederic
Published: March 2015

Review: [127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Impact of 1,2,3‐Triazoles in the Design of Functional Coatings
Authors: Kantheti Sasidhar , Narayan Ramanuj , Raju K. V. S. N.
Published: March 2015

Review: application of 1,2,3‐triazoles in the design of various high performance organic coatings with properties like anti‐corrosive, anti‐microbial, self‐healing, hybrid nanocomposite, biodegradable, etc., 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Aspects of Hydroformylation
Authors: Kegl Tamas
Published: March 2015

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Methods
Authors: Slinn Robert N.
Published: March 2015

Review: physical methods used for examining nucleotides and nucleic acids; 115 refs.
Working point of the EFG process
Authors: Carroz L. , Duffar T.
Published: March 2015

A theoretical investigation of the EFG process working point based on the meniscus height control is carried out. The link between the two control parameters, which are the pulling rate and the upper die temperature, is found from the thermal equilibrium at the crystallization interface. Using the pressure equilibrium in the film and considering the meniscus shape, the change in meniscus height depending on the crystal radius is analyzed. Limited to small crystal radii, an algebraic formulation of the temperature gradient at the interface is established. Some die design parameters are taken into account and their impacts on the process working point are discussed.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 4H‐Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones Catalyzed by BiCl3: A Green Route to a Privileged Backbone
Authors: Roslan Irwan I. , Lim Qiu‐Xuan , Han Aijuan , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan , Jaenicke Stephan
Published: March 2015

An extensive array of 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones have been synthesized from commercially available 2‐aminopyridines and β‐oxo esters with excellent yields under solvent‐free conditions. The reaction, catalyzed by cheap and nontoxic BiCl3, proceeds with short reaction times under mild conditions and normal atmosphere. Only water and alcohol are formed as co‐products in this green reaction.
Relationship of pain and ancestry in African American women
Authors: Robbins J.A. , Qi L. , Garcia L. , Younger J.W. , Seldin M.F.
Published: March 2015

Background

African Americans are reported to be more sensitive to pain than European Americans. Pain sensitivity has been shown to be genetically linked in animal models and is likely to be in humans.

Methods

Exactly, 11,239 self‐identified African American post‐menopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative had percentage African ancestry determined by ancestry informative markers, “Pain Construct” measurements and covariate information. They answered five questions about specific types and location of pain, such as joint, neck, low back, headache and urinary. They also answered two questions which were used to derive a “Pain Construct”, a measure of general pain scored on a scale of 1–100. Associations were tested in linear regression models adjusting for age, self‐reported medical conditions, neighbourhood socio‐economic status, education and depression.

Results

In the unadjusted model of the five specific types of pain measures, greater pain perception was associated with a higher proportion of African ancestry. However, some of the specific types of pain measures were no longer associated with African ancestry after adjustment for other study covariates. The Pain Construct was statistically significantly associated with African ancestry in both the unadjusted [β = −0.132, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −099 to −0.164; r = −0.075, 95% CI −0.056 to −0.093] and the adjusted models (β = −0.069 95% CI = −0.04 to −0.10).

Conclusions

Greater African ancestry was associated with higher levels of self‐reported pain, although this accounted for only a minor fraction of the overall variation in the Pain Construct.
Bullying, abuse and family conflict as risk factors for chronic pain among Dutch adolescents
Authors: Voerman J.S. , Vogel I. , de Waart F. , Westendorp T. , Timman R. , Busschbach J.J.V. , van de Looij‐Jansen P. , de Klerk C.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

Psychosocial stress seems to serve as an important risk factor for the occurrence of pain. The present study aims to examine if early adversities, e.g. bullying, abuse and family conflict are risk factors for chronic pain in adolescents. The secondary aim of the present study was to describe the pain characteristics of chronic pain in adolescents in a community sample of Dutch adolescents.

Methods

Participants in the present study were 15,220 adolescents, attending schools (grade 7 and 8) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Chronic pain was measured with a newly developed questionnaire; the Pain Barometer. Early adversities were measured using single‐item questions from the Rotterdam Youth Monitor, a longitudinal youth health surveillance system. Cross‐sectional associations between early adversities and chronic pain were investigated using logistic multilevel analysis, adjusted for potential confounding.

Results

In school year 2010–2011, 9.2% of the 15,220 adolescents reported chronic pain. Physical abuse by others (OR = 1.51, 95% CI =  1.07–2.14), sexual abuse (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.05–2.05), family conflict (OR = 1.79, 95% C = 1.61–1.99) and being bullied (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.17–1.29) are more common in adolescents with chronic pain. Physical abuse (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.95–1.71) by parents and parental divorce (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.93–1.22) were not significantly related to chronic pain.

Conclusions

The results of the present study suggest that bullying, abuse and family conflict may be risk factors for chronic pain in adolescents. Early signalling these stressors might prevent chronic pain.

Implications and contribution

Early adversities, i.e. physical and sexual abuse, being bullied and family conflict, might be risk factors for developing chronic pain. In addition, the present study suggests that chronic pain is common among Dutch adolescents and interferes with their daily activities. If future studies confirm our results, this knowledge can be used to improve the signalling and prevention of chronic pain in adolescents.
Intra‐event scale bar–bank interactions and their role in channel widening
Authors: Klösch Mario , Blamauer Bernadette , Habersack Helmut
Published: March 2015

Channel bars and banks strongly affect the morphology of both braided and meandering rivers. Accordingly, bar formation and bank erosion processes have been greatly explored. There is, however, a lack of investigations addressing the interactions between bed and bank morphodynamics, especially over short timescales. One major implication of this gap is that the processes leading to the repeated accretion of mid‐channel bars and associated widenings remain unsolved. In a restored section of the Drau River, a gravel‐bed river in Austria, mid‐channel bars have developed in a widening channel. During mean flow conditions, the bars divert the flow towards the banks. One channel section exhibited both an actively retreating bank and an expanding mid‐channel bar, and was selected to investigate the morphodynamic processes involved in bar accretion and channel widening at the intra‐event timescale. We repeatedly surveyed riverbed and riverbank topography, monitored riverbank hydrology and mounted a time‐lapse camera for continuous observation of riverbank erosion processes during four flow events. The mid‐channel bar was shown to accrete when it was submerged during flood events, which at the subsequent flow diversion during lower discharges narrowed the branch along the bank and increased the water surface elevation upstream from the riffle, which constituted the inlet into the branch. These changes of bed topography accelerated the flow along the bank and triggered bank failures up to 20 days after the flood events. Four analysed flow events exhibited a total bar expansion from initially 126 m2 to 295 m2, while bank retreat was 6 m at the apex of the branch. The results revealed the forcing role of bar accretion in channel widening and highlighted the importance of intra‐event scale bed morphodynamics for bank erosion, which were summarized in a conceptual model of the observed bar–bank interactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.