bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fertility Behavior in the Context of Polygyny in Pakistan With the Moderating Effect of Household Wealth Status Evidences From Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18
Authors: Shah Athar Ali , Sang Anqi , Ibupoto Mukhtiar Hussain
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Fertility and population dynamics in Pakistan play a critical role in shaping the country's socio‐economic development. High fertility rates contribute to rapid population growth and pose significant challenges to healthcare, education, and resource management. This study investigates the relationship between polygyny and fertility, with the moderating effect of household wealth status.

Method

The study utilizes data from the “Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18”. It implies zero‐truncated negative binomial regression, interaction effect, marginal analysis, and propensity score matching techniques. The total number of samples size is 50 495 women including 48 699 belonging to polygynous and 1796 with monogamous families.

Results

Polygynous unions are generally associated with higher fertility rates than their monogamous counterparts, as indicated by an IRR of 1.03 (CI: 1.00–1.05). This finding is further supported by propensity score matching, controlling for household wealth status, education, husband's education, residency, and region. After accounting for these demographic factors, the analysis reveals that polygynous families, on average, have 14% more children than monogamous families. Additionally, the relationship between polygyny and fertility is influenced by household wealth status.

Conclusion

While the household wealth index typically shows a negative association with fertility, this pattern does not apply to polygynous families, where wealthier households tend to have more children than monogamous ones. This interaction between wealth and polygyny highlights a complex dynamic, suggesting that wealth amplifies fertility within polygynous unions, diverging from the general trend of declining fertility with increasing wealth.
MTSS2‐Related Disorder: Refining the Phenotype in Four New Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Dominicis Angela De , Sparascio Francesca Piceci , Stregapede Fabrizia , Terracciano Alessandra , Verrigni Daniela , Lepri Francesca Romana , Cetola Sarah , Dentici Maria Lisa , Vigevano Federico , Novelli Antonio , Specchio Nicola , Trivisano Marina , Digilio Maria Cristina
Published: February 2025

MTSS2 encodes a protein highly expressed in the central nervous system, with a crucial role in neurodevelopment. The de novo recurrent variant c.2011C>T (p.Arg671Trp) was first identified in 2022 as cause of Intellectual Developmental Disorder with ocular anomalies and distinctive facial features (OMIM#620086). We present clinical data about four new unrelated patients harboring the MTSS2 recurrent variant c.2011C>T (p.Arg671Trp). Common clinical features included developmental delay (particularly affecting language skills), mild intellectual disability, learning disabilities, microcephaly, non‐specific brain MR findings and facial dysmorphisms. Other features were hypotonia, psychiatric disorders, generalized febrile or afebrile seizures with generalized epileptic anomalies on EEG, growth delay, skeletal anomalies, feeding difficulties (particularly affecting chewing), and poor coordination. Rare manifestations included hearing loss, ocular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cardiovascular anomalies. To date, only six cases were documented in literature. Neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability, microcephaly, and dysmorphisms are the main features of the disease. This study elaborates on the clinical manifestations, exploring the characterization of both neurologic and extra‐neurologic comorbidities, proposing a possible association with cardiac and renal malformations. We suggest that MTSS2 could be linked to a predominantly neurological but multisystem disorder.
Prenatal Delivery of Enzyme Replacement Therapy to Fetuses Affected by Early‐Onset Lysosomal Storage Diseases
Authors: Borges Beltran , Canepa Emma , Chang Irene J. , Herzeg Akos , Lianoglou Billie , Kishnani Priya S. , Harmatz Paul , MacKenzie Tippi C. , Cohen Jennifer L.
Published: February 2025

The expansion of prenatal genetic screening and diagnosis warrants the evaluation of approved postnatal therapies that may be safely and feasibly translated to prenatal administration to a fetus affected by monogenic disease. For lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) often represents the main therapeutic approach. In utero enzyme replacement therapy (IUERT) has several potential benefits compared to postnatal therapy, such as: (1) delivering enzyme before the onset of irreversible organ damage; (2) developing tolerance toward the recombinant enzyme; and (3) targeting the central nervous system through a more permeable blood–brain barrier. In this review, we examine the general and disease‐specific rationale for IUERT, and provide an overview of the main elements of our current clinical trial for the prenatal treatment of early‐onset lysosomal storage diseases.

Trial Registration: IUERT clinical trial: NCT04532047; Alpha thalassemia clinical trial: NCT02986698
Efficient Hole Extraction and *OH Alleviation by Pd Nanoparticles on GaN Nanowires in Seawater for Solar‐Driven H2 and H2O2 Generation
Authors: Salman Nasir Muhammad , Zhao Ying , Ye Haotian , Wang Tao , Sheng Bowen , Song Jun , Li Jinglin , Wang Ping , Wang Xinqiang , Huang Zhen , Zhou Baowen
Published: February 2025

Photocatalytic seawater splitting into hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide (2H2O→H2↑ + H2O2) offers an ultimate solution for simultaneously generating green fuel and value‐added chemicals by the two most earth‐abundant resources i.e., solar energy and natural seawater. In this study, Pd nanoparticles are integrated with one‐dimensional gallium nitride nanowires (Pd NPs/GaN NWs) on a silicon wafer to produce H2 and H2O2 from seawater powered by sunlight. In situ spectroscopic characterizations combined with computational investigations reveal that in this nanohybrid, Pd NPs function as an efficient hole extractor and *OH alleviator during photocatalysis. Meanwhile, the chloride ions in seawater facilitate the H2O→ H2 + H2O2 conversion by improving the charge dynamics and lowering the energy barrier of the key *OH self‐coupling step over Pd sites in the catalytic system. As a result, the photocatalyst delivers an appreciable hydrogen production rate of 2.5 mmol⋅cm−2⋅h−1 with a light‐to‐hydrogen (LTH) efficiency of 4.38 % in natural seawater under concentrated light irradiation of 3 W⋅cm−2 without sacrificial agents and external energies. Notably, the water oxidation reaction produces 300 μmol/L of valuable H2O2 over a duration of 2 hours under a light intensity of 3 W/cm2 using a 20 mL water sample, achieving a light‐to‐chemical efficiency of 0.53 %. The photocatalyst shows excellent stability for up to 60 hours with a considerable turnover number of 1.42×107 moles H2 per mole of Pd. The outdoor test further suggests the great potential for solar‐driven seawater splitting into green fuels and chemicals.
Ligand‐Engineered Hydrophilic Perovskite Enabling Surface Potential‐Driven Anions Exchange for Multicolor Biosensing
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Yi , Deng Gaoqiong , Long Wanjun , Chen Hengye , Xiao Yuxiu , She Yuanbin , Fu Haiyan
Published: February 2025

The difficulty in designing zwitterionic ligands impedes the water‐dispersed CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) and their application as fast anion exchange (FAE) probes in biosensing. This study proposes a design paradigm for zwitterionic ligands predicated upon revealing the mechanism of the SN2 reaction between unsaturated alkylamines (Cn') and haloalkanoic acids (HAAs). Among them, the C=C bond can enhance the nucleophilicity of Cn' and promote the electrostatic adsorption of HAAs onto Cn', i.e., the geometric preorganization process, thereby initiating the SN2 reaction. Moreover, an appropriate “bridge” length enables HAAs to balance the geometric preorganization process and the Sigma hole intensity of the C‐Br bond. Zwitterionic ligands derived from oleylamine (C18') and 5‐bromovaleric acid (5‐BVA) endow CsPbBr3 NCs with water dispersibility, an almost 100% photoluminescence quantum yield, and enhanced surface potential, facilitating the capture of halide ions and driving the FAE reaction. Using AgI nanoparticles (NPs) as latent anion exchangers, a third FAE strategy is presented for multicolor biosensing. Such a robust biosensing strategy can generate wavelength shift and chromatic difference for biological target molecules, exemplified by H2S, and is ultimately applicable to multicolor assay in biological, environmental and food samples, demonstrating the immense potential of perovskite‐based FAE probes in biosensing.
Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Two‐Electron vs. Four‐Electron Pathways
Authors: Yu Ao , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

Developing eco‐friendly electrochemical devices for electrosynthesis, fuel cells (FCs), and metal‐air batteries (MABs) requires precisely designing the electronic pathway in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. Understanding the principle of developing low‐cost, highly active, and stable catalysts helps to reduce the usage of noble metals in ORR. Atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) emerge as promising alternatives to replace commercial noble metals due to their high utilization of active metal atoms, high intrinsic activity, and controllable coordination environments. In this review, the research tendency and reaction mechanisms in ORR are first summarized. The basic principles concerning the geometric size and chemical coordination of two‐electron ORR (2e− ORR) catalysts were then discussed, aiming to outline the evolution of material design from 2e− ORR to four‐electron ORR (4e− ORR). Subsequently, recent advances in ADMCs primarily investigated for the 4e− ORR are well‐documented. These advances encompass studies on M−N−C coordination, light heteroatom doping, dual‐metal atoms‐based coordination, and interaction between nanoparticle (NPs)/nanoclusters (NCs) and atomically dispersed metals (ADMs). Finally, the setups for 2/4e− ORR applications, key challenges, and opportunities in the future design of ADMCs for the ORR are highlighted.
Synergizing Mg Single Atoms and Ru Nanoclusters for Boosting the Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis to Produce Hydrogen
Authors: Xie Shumin , Tian Shuheng , Yang Jialei , Wang Ning , Wan Qixin , Wang Maolin , Liu Jinxun , Zhou Jing , Qi Pengfei , Sui Kunyan , Li Xingyun , Ma Ding , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: February 2025

Development of efficient catalysts with high H2O molecule activation ability holds great importance for H2 production. Herein, enzyme‐mimic Mg single atoms catalysts (SACs) coordinated by B/N‐doped carbon nanotube (BNC), was constructed as a high‐performance support for ruthenium (Ru) nano‐clusters. Dual functions of Mg SACs were discovered, where the Mg atoms beneath Ru catalysts built an interfacial electron polarization, inducing electron transfer from Ru to the Mg‐BNC support. In addition, the oxyphilic Mg SACs adjacent to the Ru catalysts could actively participate in H2O adsorption. The combination of experimental characterization, reaction kinetics study and density functional theory (DFT) calculations validated a stronger intrinsic H2O activation capability at the positive Ru sites. Meanwhile, the synergistic Mg SACs jointly contribute to the acceleration of the sluggish H2O dissociation process in ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis reaction, resulting in exceptional hydrogen production activity and catalytic stability, outperforming most state‐of‐the‐art Ru‐based catalysts. This work provides a new strategy for utilizing alkaline earth metals as both the electronic promoter and the reactant activator, offering inspiration for the development of advanced heterogeneous catalysts.
The Role of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate in the Melt Blending of Poly(Butylene Adipate‐co‐Terephthalate) and Thermoplastic Starch
Authors: Lestari Putri Ayu , Yuliani Galuh , Nissa Rossy Choerun , Iasya Yurin Karunia Apsha Albaina , Fateha Fateha , Abidin Kharis Yohan , Irmayanti Maya , Nurhamiyah Yeyen
Published: February 2025

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has long been recognized for its challenges in blending with other biodegradable polymers due to issues of compatibilization. This study involved the melt blending of TPS and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (TPS/PBAT 50/50) with 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) acting as a reactive chain extender. The mechanical characteristics, phase morphology, thermal behavior, crystalline structure, and water absorption of the mixes were examined. Increasing the MDI component resulted in enhanced tensile strength from 9.60 to 17.71 MPa, and elongation at break increases from 366.80% to 623.65%. The addition of 0–2 wt% MDI enhances thermal stability with Tdpeak of starch increase from 327.49°C to 338.34°C. SEM micrographs demonstrated a notable enhancement in interfacial adhesion between the TPS and PBAT phases with the increment of MDI. The relative crystallinity increases from 10% to 13% after the addition of MDI. The presence of MDI decreased the water absorption of the films. Characterization results indicate that the incorporation of a chain extender can improve the performance of TPS/PBAT‐MDI bioplastics.
Tailoring Nanofiltration Membranes by Incorporating Zwitterionic Quaternary Ammonium Terpolymer to Enhance Performance
Authors: Arshad Zeeshan , Baig Nadeem , Ali Shaikh A.
Published: February 2025

Designing nanofiltration membranes with unique characteristics and properties is an emerging trend for water treatment research. Herein, we introduced the unique example of the aliphatic diethylenetriamine‐based nanofiltration membranes and tuned its selectivity by adding the terpolymer. To enhance the permeability of the salts while maintaining the rejection of the dye Eriochrome black T (EBT), a novel cationic/zwitterionic terpolymer of Diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), 3‐(N,N‐diallyl‐N‐methylammonio)propanesulfonate (DAMAPS), and N,N‐diallyldodecane‐1,12‐diamine (DADA) was rationally synthesized and in situ grafted via interfacial polymerization (IP) in the polyamide active layer of the membrane. The incorporation of poly‐(DADMAC‐co‐DAMAPS‐co‐DADA) polymer into the diethylenetriamine polyamide active layer results in 5.8 times increase in water flux while still retaining an outstanding rejection rate of ~99.9 % for EBT. Furthermore, it exhibited enhanced salt permeability for NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, and MgSO4. The grafted polymer increased the hydrophilicity of the membrane and strengthened stability for long‐term working conditions. Thus, the aliphatic diethylenetriamine membranes have great potential for desalination, and their active layer can be tuned with the zwitterionic moieties to enhance the salt permeability and keep the EBT rejection higher than 99 %, which makes these membranes valuable for environmental and textile applications.
Risk of Congenital Ocular Anomaly After Prenatal Exposure to Medications: A EUROmediCAT Study
Authors: Cifuentes E.‐A. , Beau A. , Caillet A. , Frémont F. , Neville A. J. , Ballardini E. , Dolk H. , Loane M. , Garne E. , Khoshnood B. , Lelong N. , Rissmann A. , O'Mahony M. , Pierini A. , Gatt M. , Bergman J. E. H. , Krawczynski M. R. , Latos Bielenska A. , Echevarría González de Garibay L.‐J. , Cavero Carbonell C. , Addor M.‐C. , Tucker D. , Jordan S. , Den Hond E. , Nelen V. , Barisic I. , Rouget F. , Randrianaivo H. , Hoareau J. , Perthus I. , Courtade‐Saïdi M. , Damase‐Michel C. , Dubucs C.
Published: February 2025

Background

In Europe, the prevalence of congenital ocular anomaly (COA) is estimated at 3.7 per 10,000 births. While certain COAs have a genetic origin, the cause for most patients remains unknown. The role of medications administered during pregnancy in COA genesis in humans is unclear.

Objective

To investigate any association between fetal exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy to medications and the occurrence of COA.

Methods

We conducted a case‐malformed‐control study using data on 298,351 cases registered as having congenital anomalies (CA) from 19 registries and one healthcare database in 13 European countries. Two analyses were performed: (i) A signal confirmation analysis of signals from the literature, examining associations between COA and specific medications (nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, opioids, alprazolam, antihypertensives, asthma medications, pyridoxine, and hydroxyethylrutoside). (ii) A signal detection analysis of all medications reported in the database.

Results

We identified 4185 COA cases and 232,718 nongenetic and 38,409 genetic controls. We confirmed the association between prenatal opioid exposure and COA (aROR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.18, 6.02, and 3.22, 95% CI: 1.35, 7.69, for nongenetic and genetic controls, respectively). Signal detection analysis revealed consistent associations for antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (p < 0.01) related to COA. Other associations included congenital cataracts and lens anomalies with desloratadine, congenital glaucoma with antiepileptics, and eyelid malformations with dermatological hydrocortisone.

Conclusions

This pharmacoepidemiological study in Europe analyzing COA following fetal medication exposure confirmed reported signals regarding opioids and COA and identified new associations. Validation in independent datasets is necessary to consolidate these findings.
A Generalized Machine Learning Model for Identifying Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) Using ICD Codes
Authors: Shi Haoming , Book Wendy M. , Ivey Lindsey C. , Rodriguez Fred H. , Raskind‐Hood Cheryl , Downing Karrie F. , Farr Sherry L. , McCracken Courtney E. , Leedom Vinita O. , Haynes Susan E. , Amouzou Sandra , Sameni Reza , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan
Published: February 2025

Background

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes utilized for congenital heart defect (CHD) case identification in datasets have substantial false‐positive (FP) rates. Incorporating machine learning (ML) algorithms following case selection by ICD codes may improve the accuracy of CHD identification, enhancing surveillance efforts.

Methods

Traditional ML methods were applied to four encounter‐level datasets, 2010–2019, for 3334 patients with validated diagnoses and with at least one CHD ICD code identified. A 5‐fold cross‐validation approach was applied to the dataset to determine the set of overlapping important features best classifying CHD cases. Training and testing combinations were explored to determine the approach yielding the most accurate CHD classification.

Results

CHD ICD positive predictive values (PPVs) by site ranged from 53.2% to 84.0%. The ML algorithm achieved a PPV of 95% (1273/1340) for the four‐site dataset with a false‐negative (FN) rate of 33% (639/1912) by choosing an operating point prioritizing PPV from the PPV–FN rate curve. XGBoost reduced 2105 Clinical Classification Software (CCS) features to 137 that identified those with true‐positive (TP) CHD and false‐positive FP classification.

Conclusion

Applying ML algorithms following case selection by CHD‐related ICD codes improved the accuracy of identifying TP true‐positive CHD cases.
Comparing Equivalence‐Based Instruction to a PowerPoint Video Lecture to Teach Differential Reinforcement Descriptors to College Students
Authors: Kelly‐Sisken Sabrina , Reeve Kenneth F. , McPheters Carol J. , Vladescu Jason C. , Reeve Sharon A. , Jennings Adrienne M.
Published: February 2025

Differential reinforcement (DR) procedures involve systematically arranging the environment to increase the future frequency of socially important behaviors while minimizing or eliminating problem behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of computerized stimulus equivalence‐based instruction (EBI) to a pre‐recorded voiceover PowerPoint lecture to teach definitions and examples of differential reinforcement procedures to college students. The three classes comprised textual stimuli characterizing differential reinforcement of other (DRO), alternative (DRA), and incompatible (DRI) behavior. Each class contained three members: name, definition, and short vignette examples. To program for generalization, two vignette exemplars were used during training while a third exemplar was used to assess stimulus generalization. We used a between‐subjects group design to compare pretest and posttest performances of EBI and lecture participants across (a) computer match‐to‐sample (MTS), (b) card sorting, and (c) written tests (fill‐in and multiple‐choice), with the latter two used to determine the degree to which class‐consistent responding generalized from selection‐based responding to other response topographies (i.e., sorting and writing). Results demonstrated that EBI produced greater score increases than lecture for MTS and card sorting tests, but increases were comparable for the two groups for both fill‐in and multiple‐choice written tests. Another posttest at 1 week showed maintenance of performance gains. Implications for using EBI to teach behavior analytic content are discussed.
What Is a Sustainable Company?
Authors: Thammaraksa Chonlawan , Hauschild Michael Zwicky , Pontoppidan Caroline Aggestam , Laurent Alexis
Published: February 2025

Defining a sustainable company presents challenges due to evolving sustainability contexts, diverse theoretical perspectives, and conflicting definitions. This often results in overlooking broader, macrolevel sustainability constructs, leading to a fragmented understanding of what a sustainable company really is. To overcome these issues, this study synthesizes insights from multiple disciplines to form a holistic understanding of sustainability in business. A six‐dimensional framework for defining corporate sustainability is proposed, categorized into fundamental and managerial dimensions. Five fundamental dimensions are used to characterize and outline a “sustainability continuum” in a business context with respect to sustainable development principles. A conceptual methodology is outlined to address sustainability management, defined as the sixth dimension. Using the proposed framework, company challenges to reach the sustainability goals are discussed. In particular, the developed “sustainability continuum” offers clarity to the concept of business sustainability, enabling companies to evaluate their compliance with sustainability criteria and comprehend their sustainability status.
Super‐Enhancer Protects Cells From Toxicity of C9orf72 Poly(proline–arginine) by Inducing the Expression of KPNA2/KPNB1
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Cui Henglu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ma Shuyan , Guo Jinjing , Liu Zhaoxiu , Gu Donghua , Fan Yihui
Published: February 2025

Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 are the most common genetic mutation associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (C9‐ALS/FTD). Dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins, such as poly(proline–arginine) (polyPR) generated from G4C2 repeat expansions, have been shown to be highly toxic. In this study, PR20 was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to track its cellular localization. Several cell lines demonstrated survival under PR20 treatment by sequestering PR20 in the cytoplasm. Treatment with JQ‐1 or Ivermectin (Iver) translocated PR20 into the nucleus, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, KPNA2/KPNB1 interacted with PR20 in the cytoplasm and hindered PR20 from entering the cell nucleus. Genetic silencing of KPNA2/KPNB1 converted PR20‐resistant cells into PR20‐sensitive cells. Treatment with JQ1 significantly reduced the protein levels of KPNA2/KPNB1, allowing PR20 to enter the nucleus. Overexpression of KPNA2 or KPNB1 effectively blocked cell death induced by co‐treatment with JQ‐1 and PR20. Our results indicate that super‐enhancers shield cells from PR20 toxicity by upregulating the expression of KPNA2/KPNB1.
Subacute Epiploic Appendagitis Masquerading as Left‐Sided Abdominal Pain in an Elderly Female: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bhatt Jugal Hiren , Dutta Ujjwal P. , Kagathara Nency , Nagori Irfan , Neupane Srijana
Published: February 2025

Subacute epiploic appendagitis (SEA) is a rare inflammatory condition involving the epiploic appendages of the colon. It often presents with nonspecific abdominal symptoms and can mimic various gastrointestinal disorders, leading to diagnostic challenges. Here, we present a case of a 74‐year‐old female who initially presented with left‐sided abdominal pain and incomplete stool emptying, raising suspicion for other conditions such as cathartic colon. However, imaging studies revealed characteristic findings suggestive of SEA, highlighting the importance of considering this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain.
Ameloblastic Fibroma of the Mandible Presenting as a Dentinoid Formation in an 8‐Year‐Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Karna Priyambada , Rastogi Varun , Dhungel Dilasha , Chaurasia Sandhya
Published: February 2025

Ameloblastic fibroma is an uncommon, benign, mixed odontogenic tumor characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components, without the formation of hard tissue. It constitutes approximately 1.5%–4.5% of all odontogenic tumors and predominantly affects the posterior mandible. Most cases are observed in individuals under 22 years of age, with a slight predilection for males. The initial presentation typically involves a painless, slow‐growing mass, often discovered incidentally during routine radiographic examinations. This lesion carries a risk of recurrence and potential for malignant transformation. We present a case of an 8‐year‐old female child who presented with a painless swelling in the right posterior mandibular region for 6 months, which was histologically characterized by dentinoid formation.
Bifocal metachronous dermato fibrosarcoma protuberans in children: A case report
Authors: Arfa Wajdi , Bouhajja Leila , Ghammem Mohamed , Amri Mohamed , Farah Faten , Jlalia Zied , Jenzri Mourad
Published: February 2025

Key Clinical Message

Dermato fibrosarcoma protuberans presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment, especially in children. Awareness of its aggressive local recurrence and its potential for multifocal presentation is crucial. Wide surgical resection with adequate margins remains the basis of management, in association with regular follow‐up of affected patients.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous sarcoma, particularly uncommon in children. We report the case of a 13‐year‐old boy who initially presented with a firm mass on the left foot, later diagnosed as DFSP following histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The tumor was surgically excised with a wide margin, and a skin graft was used for coverage. Despite an initial favorable outcome, a new DFSP lesion developed at the proximal left thigh 1 year later, requiring further wide surgical excision and coverage with a tensor fascia lata flap. Both sites remained free of recurrence at one‐year follow‐up. This case underscores the importance of long‐term vigilance in managing DFSP due to the potential risk of recurrence and multifocal involvement.
Rare case of metronidazole‐induced encephalopathy in a multiple transplant recipient: Clinical and radiological insights
Authors: Draidi Mahmoud , Abdullah Ibtesam , Abbarh Shahem , Kolleri Jouhar , Sawaf Bisher , Alastal Yaseen
Published: February 2025

Key Clinical Message

Metronidazole‐induced encephalopathy (MIE) is a rare but reversible condition that can present with nonspecific neurological symptoms, making early recognition and diagnosis challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in identifying typical brain lesions associated with MIE. Prompt discontinuation of metronidazole typically results in symptom resolution and improvement in MRI findings.
Hybrid Polymer‐Liquid Electrolytes and Their Interactions with Electrode Materials
Authors: Cattaruzza Martina , Johansson Mats , Lindbergh Göran , Liu Fang
Published: February 2025

To address the increasing demand for efficient, safe, and sustainable energy storage solutions in the transition towards renewable energy and electrified society, this study explores hybrid polymer‐liquid electrolytes (HEs) as a novel solution to overcome challenges of traditional liquid electrolytes used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Particularly, the research is focused on polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) synthesized HEs with distinct phase‐separated systems, where an ion‐conducting liquid phase percolates the macropores and mesopores within the formed thermoset solid phase. This study investigates the feasibility of using HEs with commercial cathodes and highlights their respective merits and challenges. The feasibility of infusing and forming HEs in commercial cathodes via PIPS within both micron‐sized and nano‐sized confined spaces is proved. By incorporating these HE‐infused electrodes into half‐cell configurations, the study proves that the HEs are compatible with common cathodes, and they exhibit energy density comparable with traditional systems with liquid electrolyte.
Lantern‐Like Diplatinum(III)‐Catalyzed Redox‐Free Borylation or Silylation of Alkynes
Authors: Wang Chuntao , Long Xianyang , Cao Tongxiang , Zhu Shifa
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

Binuclear platinum(III) complexes were known for their high index of antitumor activity and a lower associated nephrotoxicity. However, the chemistry and reactivity of binuclear platinum(III) compounds have not yet been explored to the same extent as those of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) species. Here, we reported the first binuclear platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation, monoborylation and diboration reaction of alkynes with excellent selectivity and yield. Moreover, the mechanistic investigation by control experiments, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) study, Hammett plots, NMR spectra, UV−vis spectra, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveal that the Pt(III)2‐catalyzed reactions pass through a σ‐bond metathesis process rather than the two‐electron redox processes of the mononuclear platinum catalysis. Moreover, there are two different rate‐determining steps, in which the migratory insertion step dominates the rate of electron deficient substates and σ‐bond metathesis process dominates electron rich counterparts, respectively.
Highly Water‐Soluble Sulfonatopropoxylated Cucurbit[8]urils as Excipients for Drug Solubilization and Bioavailability Enhancement of Remdesivir
Authors: Xing Jiabin , Li Yong‐Sheng , Lin Qihan , Liu Yue‐Yang , Li Qian , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Wang Hui , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jiaheng , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Zhou Wei , Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

A series of sulfonatopropoxylated cucurbit[8]uril derivatives (SPECB8s) with water‐solubility ranging from 344 mmol/L to 360 mmol/L have been prepared. One of the derivatives SPE5.5CB8 bearing an average of 5.5 sulfonatopropoxy side chains has been revealed to display high biocompatibility, with maximum tolerated dose being as high as 2500 mg/kg for mice. Phase solubility diagram investigations illustrate that SPE5.5CB8 can solubilize eighteen poorly soluble drugs and, for fifteen of them including remdesivir, its solubilization efficiency is higher than that of Captisol, the most widely used β‐cyclodextrin‐derived excipient for drug formulation. Moreover, the improved solubilization for remdesivir, which is formulated by Captisol for clinical use, can lead to important increase of its antiviral activity as compared with Captisol.
The quantile‐based classifier with variable‐wise parameters
Authors: Berrettini Marco , Hennig Christian Martin , Viroli Cinzia
Published: February 2025

Quantile‐based classifiers can classify high‐dimensional observations by minimizing a discrepancy of an observation to a class based on suitable quantiles of the within‐class distributions, corresponding to a unique percentage for all variables. The present work extends these classifiers by introducing a way to determine potentially different optimal percentages for different variables. Furthermore, a variable‐wise scale parameter is introduced. A simple greedy algorithm to estimate the parameters is proposed. Their consistency in a nonparametric setting is proved. Experiments using artificially generated and real data confirm the potential of the quantile‐based classifier with variable‐wise parameters.
Intracellular Penetration of Atazanavir, Ritonavir and Dolutegravir With Concomitant Rifampicin: A Dose Escalation Study
Authors: De Nicolò Amedeo , Palermiti Alice , Mugerwa Henry , Nakabuye Shamim , Namusanje Josephine , Kobusingye Josephine , Odoch Denis , Lamorde Mohammed , Kengo Allan , Denti Paolo , Gausi Kamunkhwala , Maartens Gary , McIlleron Helen , Wiesner Lubbe , Khoo Saye , Waitt Catriona , D'Avolio Antonio
Published: February 2025

Ritonavir‐boosted atazanavir is a victim of drug–drug interaction with rifampicin, a key component of antitubercular treatment. In a recent dose escalation clinical trial, we showed that increasing atazanavir/ritonavir to 300/100 mg b.i.d. compensates for reduced drug exposure in plasma due to rifampicin, but the intracellular effects remained unexplored. This sub‐study investigated the intracellular penetration of atazanavir/ritonavir and dolutegravir into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Twenty‐six healthy volunteers living with HIV, virologically suppressed, and taking atazanavir/ritonavir containing regimens were enrolled. The trial consisted of four sequential periods: PK1, participants were on atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg q.d.; at PK2, rifampicin 600 mg q.d. and dolutegravir 50 mg b.i.d. were added (2 weeks); at PK3, atazanavir/ritonavir dose was increased to 300/100 mg b.i.d. (1 week); at PK4, rifampicin dose was doubled (1 week). Atazanavir, ritonavir, and dolutegravir were quantified in plasma and PBMC using LC–MS/MS methods to evaluate steady‐state concentrations at the end of each period. Atazanavir/ritonavir dose escalation successfully restored intracellular concentrations comparable to those observed without rifampicin, with a geometric mean ratio of 0.99 (CI90 0.72–1.41) for atazanavir at PK3 compared with PK1. The intracellular concentration of dolutegravir increased significantly with atazanavir/ritonavir dose escalation, similar to plasma. Finally, further, increasing the rifampicin dose did not show an additional impact on atazanavir/ritonavir concentrations in PBMC. The study confirms that increasing the ATV/r dose can be an effective strategy for compensating rifampicin effects even at the intracellular level, supporting its use in clinical settings.
Multi‐Functional Interface Engineering for Monolithic Perovskite/Perovskite/Crystalline Silicon Triple‐Junction Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Shao Yufei , Wang Shulin , Luo Tian , Xu Chang , Liu Jieqiong , Liu Lu , Dong XinRui , Wang Hanying , Wang Kai , Liu Shengzhong
Published: February 2025

Perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple‐junction tandem solar cells (TSCs) hold significant potential for achieving higher efficiencies while lowering the levelized cost of electricity. The top subcell utilizing wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite is crucial for improving the efficiency of TSCs. However, the defects caused by poorly crystallized WBG perovskite films and suboptimal energy level alignment lead to significant energy loss. Herein, we present a multifunctional interface engineering utilizing piperazinium bromide (PZBr) for enhancing the property of 2.03 eV perovskite films. The unique molecular structure of PZBr enables it to effectively passivate defects in perovskite films, to suppress photoinduced phase segregation, and to improve the energy band alignment between perovskite films and contact layers. Additionally, the PZBr modification facilitates the crystal ripening process in perovskite polycrystalline films. These functions result in suppressed non‐radiative recombination and accelerated carrier extraction. Consequently, single‐junction 2.03 eV perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved a remarkable efficiency of 13.82 %. In further, a monolithic triple‐junction TSC was fabricated, achieving a photovoltage of 2.96 V and a champion efficiency of 20.05 % (aperture area: 1 cm2). This work underscores the critical role of PZBr‐based interface engineering in advancing WBG PSCs and triple‐junction TSCs.
Regioselective Hydroformylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: Impact of Reaction Parameters & Reaction Optimization
Authors: Bork Hannah , Gröger Harald
Published: February 2025

The hydroformylation of α,β‑unsaturated esters represents a highly atom‐economical route towards β‑aldehydes with the potential application as precursors for derivatization to pharmaceuticals such as (R)‑Baclofen or Pregabalin. Methyl 4‐chlorocinnamate as an α,β‑unsaturated ester has been rarely studied in hydroformylation, particularly with regard to a parameter screening for reaction optimization. In this work, the regioselective hydroformylation of methyl 4‑chlorocinnamate to the desired β‑aldehyde was investigated with a particular focus on the identification of parameters with a significant effect on the regioselectivity and selectivity to the β‑aldehyde amongst all products. The reaction time, solvent, and catalyst loading were initially screened followed by a systematic screening using design of experiments (DoE). The reaction output was analyzed in terms of pressure, temperature and the CO/H2 composition with an unmodified Rh catalyst revealing that while either regioselectivity or overall selectivity (termed selectivity) can attain high values, neither parameter can simultaneously reach optimal levels. As predicted by the model, the experimental results under two different conditions demonstrated excellent regioselectivity (96%) with medium selectivity (57%) and a high selectivity (78 %) with good regioselectivity (93%). Expansion of substrate scope revealed a significant influence of the substituents and thus the electronic effect on the regioselectivity and selectivity.
Catalyst‐Free Visible Light‐Induced N−N Bond Cleavage for the Synthesis of Iminophosphorane Using Triarylphosphine and N‐Sulfonyl and N‐Acylaminopyridinium Salt
Authors: Qin Xiaotao , Yang Chenglei , Xue Yinjiang , Hu Jinkai , Yang Jinhui , Li Dianjun
Published: February 2025

Herein, we explore a visible light‐enabled radical addition for the construction of N‐sulfonyl and N‐acyliminophosphorane using triarylphosphine and N‐sulfonyl and N‐acylaminopyridinium salts in the absence of transition metal, photocatalyst, oxidant or base. This method employs PAr3 as both the reaction catalyst to promote the generation of amidyl radical via N−N bond cleavage of N‐sulfonyl and N‐acylaminopyridinium salts, and materials for the preparation of N‐sulfonyl and N‐acyliminophosphorane products. This transformation exhibits abroad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.
Navigating PROTACs in Cancer Therapy: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Horizons
Authors: Ibrahim Saooda , Umer Khan Muhammad , Khurram Iqra , Rehman Raima , Rauf Abdur , Ahmad Zubair , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Quradha Mohammed Mansour
Published: February 2025

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by offering a selective and innovative approach to degrade key oncogenic proteins associated with various malignancies. These hybrid molecules exploit the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, facilitating the degradation of target proteins through an event‐driven mechanism, thereby overcoming drug resistance and enhancing selectivity. With diverse targets including androgen receptors, BTK, estrogen receptors, BET proteins, and BRAF, PROTACs offer a versatile strategy for personalized cancer treatment. Advantages of PROTACs over traditional small molecule inhibitors include their ability to operate at lower concentrations, catalyzing the degradation of multiple proteins of interest with reduced cytotoxicity. Notably, PROTACs address challenges associated with traditionally “undruggable” targets, expanding the therapeutic landscape of cancer therapy. Ongoing preclinical and clinical studies highlight the transformative potential of PROTACs, with promising results in prostate, breast, lung, melanoma, and colorectal cancers. Despite their potential, challenges persist in optimizing physicochemical properties and enhancing bioavailability. Further research is needed to refine PROTAC design and address complexities in molecule development. Nevertheless, the development of oral androgen receptor PROTACs represents a significant milestone, demonstrating the feasibility and efficacy of this innovative therapeutic approach. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PROTACs in cancer therapy, emphasizing their mechanism of action, advantages, and challenges. As PROTAC research progresses, continued exploration in both preclinical and clinical settings will be crucial to unlocking their full therapeutic potential and shaping the future of personalized cancer treatment.
Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activity of Astragalus onobrychis: Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidants, and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Hosaflioglu Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Plants play an essential role in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Plants show broad‐spectrum biological activity due to the bioactive compound contents. Hence, plants provide an essential contribution to drug invention and progress. In this study, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant effects of the Astragalus onobrychis plant were investigated. The flower, leaf, and stem parts of Astragalus onobrychis were extracted with methanol. The quantitative analysis of corresponding parts was conducted by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS, and it was detected that the flowers, leaves, and stems contained 12, 19, and 17 compounds, respectively. The flowers were determined to contain kaempferol‐3‐glucoside (0.395 mg/g extract) as a major product. Additionally, routine (0.132) was defined as the leading product in the leaf parts of the plant. The main product of the stem part of the plant was detected as coumarin (0.068). Antioxidant activity tests of flower, leaf, and stem extracts of the Astragalus onobrychis plant were performed. It was determined that the flowers showed the highest antioxidants among them. DPPH activity of flowers was determined as 4.56 ± 0.42 (IC50, μg/mL). Moreover, the antibacterial activity of flowers, leaves, and stem was performed using B.subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, and flowers displayed excellent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli with a value of 10.5 μg/mL.
A Narrative Review of Protective Effects of Natural Compounds Against Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Injuries
Authors: Anaeigoudari Akbar
Published: February 2025

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a large amphipathic glycoconjugate molecule in the cell wall of Gram‐negative bacteria. This bacterial endotoxin binds to toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and stimulates the inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. The current paper presents the protective effects of natural compounds against LPS‐induced injuries. The relevant findings were extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from the beginning of 2005 until the end of September 2023 were employed. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that thymoquinone, crocin, carvacrol, and quercetin effectively attenuated LPS‐induced damages via lowering the level of inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. These natural compounds could also amplify the antioxidant defense against LPS by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In addition, a part of the protective effects of these phytochemicals against detrimental impacts of LPS is attributed to their ability to downregulate the TLR4 expression and to inhibit the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Briefly, the protective effects of natural compounds mentioned in current review against LPS‐caused damages mainly are mediated by their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Risk Stratification for Trial Enrichment Considering Loco‐Regional Failure in Head and Neck Cancer: UICC8 Versus Purpose‐Built Failure‐Type Specific Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Håkansson Katrin , Muse Daha Hassan , Bäck Anna , Rasmussen Jacob H. , Lindegaard Anne Marie , Specht Lena , Friborg Jeppe , Cange Hedda Haugen , Vogelius Ivan R.
Published: February 2025

Background

A previously published failure‐type specific risk model showed good performance in the original cohort. Aim: to validate the model and separate patients with high‐ and low‐risk loco‐regional failure (LRF). Goal: to identify patients potentially suitable for treatment intensification trials.

Methods

Validation data: 756 patients from two institutions (different countries). Predictive performance was evaluated by Brier scores and AUCs. Discriminatory performance was compared to Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging (versions 7 and 8).

Results

The model's 3‐year AUC for LRF was 65%, significantly better than UICC7 staging, but no significant difference to UICC8. Model‐based risk stratification and UICC8 both identified high‐risk patient groups with 3‐year LRF ≈30%. The population mean was 18%.

Conclusions

The model performed well on a group level. UICC8 staging performed equally well. Although developed for the endpoint of OS, an improvement from UICC version 7 to version 8 was evident also for the prediction of LRF.
The Role of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Early‐Stage Oral Cavity Cancer With Minor Adverse Features; A Single Institute Experience
Authors: Yosefof Eyal , Edri Nofar , Kurman Noga , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas , Mizrachi Aviram , Popovtzer Aron
Published: February 2025

Background

The role of post‐operative radiotherapy (PORT) in early‐stage (T1‐T2N0M0) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) with minor adverse features (MAF) including perineural invasion (PNI) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC) is not well described. We aimed to study the role of PORT among these patients.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients treated for early‐stage OTSCC between 2000 and 2022 in a tertiary‐care referral center while comparing patients treated by surgery and PORT with patients treated by surgery alone.

Results

One hundred fifty‐four patients were included and 36 (23.4%) received PORT. The PORT subgroup had a significantly higher rate of MAF. Survival rates were similar between the two sub‐groups. PORT demonstrated a trend toward improved overall survival (odds ratio = 0.406, p = 0.07). Patients with PNI or PDC treated with PORT experienced improved survival rates.

Conclusion

PORT has an important role when treating early‐stage OTSCC with MAF. It should be considered especially among patients with PNI or PDC.
The Relationship Between the Optical Properties of Articular Cartilage and the Biomechanical Parameters of the Tissue
Authors: Kafian‐Attari Iman , Ebrahimi Mohammad , Nippolainen Ervin , Mirhashemi Arash , Paakkari Petri , Bergmann Florian , Foschum Florian , Kienle Alwin , Töyräs Juha , Afara Isaac
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between the optical properties of articular cartilage with its biomechanical parameters. The absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of articular cartilage, and average maximum penetration depth, average maximum lateral spread, and average path length of photons were estimated by optical measurements and Monte Carlo simulation. The equilibrium and instantaneous moduli, and initial fibrillar network, strain‐dependent fibrillar network, and nonfibrillar network moduli, and initial and deformation‐dependent permeability of the tissue were estimated by multistep stress‐relaxation measurement and fibril‐reinforced poroelastic modeling. The relationship between the optical properties and biomechanical parameters was assessed using predictive regression modeling. A strong relationship was found between reduced scattering coefficients, averaged maximum penetration depth, averaged maximum lateral spread, and average path length of photons with equilibrium, instantaneous, and initial fibrillar network moduli. We attribute this relationship to the collagen fibers as the main contributor to the scattering and biomechanical properties of the tissue.