bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pantoea
Authors: Grimont Patrick A.D. , Grimont Francine
Published: August 2015

Pan.toe'a. Gr. adj.pantoiosof all sorts and sources; M.L. fem. n.Pantoea[bacteria] from diverse [geographical and ecological] sources.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Pantoea

Straight rods, 0.5–1.3 × 1.0–3.0 µm. Nonencapsulated. Nonsporeforming. Some strains form symplasmata.Most strains are motile and are peritrichously flagellated. Gram negative. Colonies on nutrient agar are smooth, translucent, and more or less convex with entire margins or heterogenous in consistency and adhering to the agar.Colonies are yellow, pale beige to pale reddish yellow, or nonpigmented. Facultatively anaerobic. Oxidase negative. Glucose dehydrogenase and gluconate dehydrogenase are producedand are active without an added cofactor. Acid is produced from the fermentation ofD‐fructose,D‐galactose, trehalose, andD‐ribose. Most strains areVoges–Proskauer positive. Lysine and ornithine are not decarboxylated. Urease negative. Pectate is not degraded. H2S is not produced from thiosulfate. Optimum temperature 30°C.N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine,L‐aspartate,D‐fructose,D‐galactose,D‐gluconate,D‐glucosamine,D‐glucose,L‐glutamate, glycerol,D‐mannose,D‐ribose, andD‐trehalose are utilized as sole sources of carbon and energy. 5‐Aminovalerate, benzoate, caprate, caprylate,m‐coumarate, ethanolamine, gentisate, glutarate, histamine, 3‐hydroxybenzoate, 4‐hydroxybenzoate, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, itaconate, maltitol,D‐melezitose, 1‐O‐methyl‐α‐D‐glucoside, palatinose, 3‐phenylpropionate, propionate,L‐sorbose, tricarballylate, tryptamine,D‐turanose, andL‐tyrosine are not utilized as sole sources of carbon and energy.Pantoeaspp. are isolated from plants, seeds, fruits, soils, water, and from humans (urine, blood, wounds, internal organs), and animals. Some strains are (or have been thought to be) phytopathogenic.

The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 49.7–60.6.

Type species:Pantoea agglomerans(Ewing and Fife 1975) Gavini Mergaert, Beji, Mielcarek, Izard, Kersters and De Ley 1989b, 343 (Enterobacter agglomerans(Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972, 10.)
Trabulsiella
Authors: Lindquist John A. , Farmer J.J.
Published: August 2015

Tra.bul.si.el
'
la

.
M.L. fem. ending
‐

ella
;

M.L. fem. n
.

Trabulsiella

named to honor L.R. Trabulsi, a Brazilian bacteriologist who did many important studies on the enteric pathogens of the family

Enterobacteriaceae

.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Trabulsiella

Rod‐shaped cells, conforming to the general definition of the family
Enterobacteriaceae
. Gram negative. Motile. Facultatively anaerobic. Catalase positive. Oxidase negative. Ferment, rather than oxidize,
D
‐glucose and other carbohydrates and produce visible gas during fermentation. Reduce nitrate to nitrite.
Positive for methyl red, citrate utilization
(
Simmons
),

H
2
S production

(
TSI
),
lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, motility at 36°C, growth in the presence of cyanide
(
KCN test
),

esculin hydrolysis, ONPG, tyrosine hydrolysis, and the fermentation of
D
‐mannitol, salicin

,

d

‐
sorbitol
,

l

‐
arabinose
,

l

‐
rhamnose, maltose
,

d

‐
xylose, trehalose, cellobiose, esculin, mucate
,

d

‐

mannose, and
D
‐galactose. Arginine dihydrolase is positive, but delayed

. Negative for Voges–Proskauer, urea hydrolysis, phenylalanine deaminase, malonate utilization, gelatin hydrolysis (22°C), lipase (corn oil), DNase, and the fermentation of sucrose, dulcitol, adonitol,
myo
‐inositol, raffinose, α‐methyl‐
D
‐glucoside, erythritol, melibiose, and
D
‐arabitol.

Biochemically similar to, and can be confused with,
Salmonella
in routine screening tests. Do not completely type in
Salmonella
O or H antisera, and are negative in the
Salmonella
‐specific test

:
lysis by bacteriophage O1, MUCAP
(
4‐methylumbelliferyl caprylate
),
and a commercial gene probe
(
Gene‐Trak Systems
). Susceptible to colistin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and carbenicillin;
resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalothin
; variable resistance to sulfadiazine and carbenicillin (disk diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar).

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: not determined.

Type species
:
Trabulsiella guamensis
McWhorter, Haddock, Nocon, Steigerwalt, Brenner, Aleksic, Bockemühl and Farmer 1992, 327 (Effective publication: McWhorter, Haddock, Nocon, Steigerwalt, Brenner, Aleksic, Bockemühl and Farmer 1991, 1483.)
Wigglesworthia
Authors: Aksoy Serap
Published: August 2015

Wigg.les.worth' i.a. M.L. fem. n.Wigglesworthianamed after the parasitologist W.B. Wigglesworth.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Wigglesworthia

Obligate intracellular, bacteriome‐tissue associated, primary endosymbionts of tsetse flies. In the adult fly, the bacteria lie free in the cytoplasm of differentiated epithelial cells, bacteriocytes, which form the U‐shaped bacteriome organ (previously referred to as mycetome) in the anterior midgut (Figs. 1A, 1B). The endosymbionts are rod shaped (2–4 × 8–10 µm) with a typical Gram‐negative cell wall and inner membrane structure, lack flagella (Fig. 1C). The cells appear to divide by binary fission. The bacteria are obligate intracellular organisms, as their experimental elimination from tsetse by procaryotic‐specific antibiotic treatment, by lysozyme, or with symbiont‐specific antibodies provided in the blood meal results in retarded growth of the insect and a decrease in egg production, causing loss of the ability of these aposymbiotic hosts to reproduce (Hill et al., 1973; Nogge, 1976, 1978, 1980). In addition toWigglesworthia, tsetse harbors a secondary (S)‐symbiont in midgut tissue. The specific function(s) ofWigglesworthiaand S‐symbionts are not known; however, since the ability to reproduce can be partially restored when the aposymbiotic tsetse receive a blood meal that is supplemented with B‐complex vitamins (thiamine, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, and biotin), it is suggested that the gut‐tissue associated endosymbionts may play a role in metabolism that involves these compounds (Nogge, 1981). The recently sequenced genome ofWigglesworthiashows the presence of various biosynthetic pathways for vitamin metabolites (Akman et al., 2002). The 16S rDNA‐based phylogeny ofWigglesworthiacharacterized from eight different tsetse species displays concordance with their insect host species, indicating an ancient association for this bacterium with an ancestral tsetse that has subsequently radiated along with the host insect species (Chen et al., 1999b). The bacterium is not present in the ovaries, but may be transmitted to the intrauterine larvae of tsetse via its milk‐gland secretions.

Type species:Wigglesworthia glossinidiaAksoy 1995b, 849.
Yokenella
Authors: Farmer J.J. , Brenner Frances W.
Published: August 2015

Yoken.el' la
. dim. ending ‐
ella;
Japanese abbreviation “
Yoken
” that stands for the National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan; M.L. fem. n.
Yokenella
pertaining to Yoken, the National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan where the new group of organisms was recognized and studied.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Yokenella

Rod‐shaped cells, conforming to the general definition of the family
Enterobacteriaceae
. Contain the enterobacterial common antigen. Gram negative. Motile, with peritrichous flagella. Facultatively anaerobic. Catalase positive (weak). Oxidase negative. Ferment, rather than oxidize,
D
‐glucose and other carbohydrates. Reduce nitrate to nitrite.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 58–59.3 (

T
m

).

Type species
:
Yokenella regensburgei
Kosako, Sakazaki, and Yoshizaki 1985, 224 (Effective publication: Kosako, Sakazaki, and Yoshizaki 1984, 124.)
Coxiella
Authors: Drancourt Michel , Raoult Didier
Published: August 2015

Co.xi.el' la
. M.L. fem. dim. ‐
ella
ending; M.L. fem. n.
Coxiella
named after Harold R. Cox, who in collaboration with G.E. Davis, first isolated this organism in the United States shortly after its discovery in Australia and who introduced the technique of yolk sac inoculation of the chick embryo, which greatly facilitated the study of this and other genera.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Legionellales / Coxiellaceae / Coxiella

Strictly intracellular bacteria
, usually 0.2–0.4 µm × 0.4–1.0 µm. Best stained by
Gimenez staining
. They have no flagella or capsule. They live in close natural association with
arthropod and vertebrate hosts
. The genus includes
Coxiella burnetii
—the
agent of Q fever
—and endosymbionts of ticks and aquatic invertebrates.
C. burnetii
grows well in cultured cell lines and in the yolk sac of chicken embryos, where it undergoes a cycle of development with formation of an endospore‐like body.
Coxiella burnetii
possesses
two antigenic phases
: natural virulent phase I and attenuated phase II, which is obtained after passage in cultured cell lines and yolk sac. The organism
grows in vacuoles of the host cell
rather than in the cytoplasm or the nucleus.
C. burnetii
phase I vacuoles share characteristics of late‐stage, immature phagosomes whereas
C. burnetii
phase II vacuoles are bactericidal phagolysosomes. Highly resistant to chemical agents and elevated temperature. Coxiellae occur worldwide in ticks and various vertebrates, including humans. Infection is particularly prevalent in cattle, sheep and goats. Extremely infectious; a single aerosol‐borne organism can cause the human disease Q fever.
C. burnetii
is one of the ten most feared potential
bioterrorism agents
.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 42.7.

Type species
:
Coxiella burnetii
(Derrick 1939) Philip 1948, 58
AL
(
Rickettsia burnetii
(sic) Derrick 1939, 14.)
Hahella
Authors:   The Editorial Board
Published: August 2015

Ha. hel' la
. M.L. fem. n. named after Yung Chil Hah, a Korean bacteriologist who pioneered microbiological research in Korea.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Hahellaceae / Hahella

Gram‐negative motile rod
. Facultatively anaerobic; produces acid from sugars. Reduces nitrate to nitrite. Hydrolyzes esculin and gelatin.
Produces extracellular polysaccharides and red pigment. Requires NaCl
.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 55.

Type species
:
Hahella chejuensis
Lee, Chun, Moon, Ko, Lee, Lee and Bae 2001a, 665.
Carnimonas
Authors: Garriga Margarita , Ehrmann Matthias A. , Arnau Jacint , Hugas Marta , Vogel Rudi F.
Published: August 2015

Car.ni' mo.nas
. L. gen. n.
carnis
of meat; Gr. n.
monas
a unit, monad;
Carnimonas
a monad of meat.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Halomonadaceae / Carnimonas

Straight or slightly curved rods, 0.5–0.6 × 1.0–1.7 μm
, occurring singly or in pairs. Gram negative. Does not form spores.
Nonmotile. Oxidase and catalase positive. Aerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Moderately halotolerant
. Optimum temperature for growth is 28–30°C.
No growth occurs at 5°C or 37°C
. Chemoorganotrophic.

Acid, but no gas, is produced from
D
‐glucose

,

d

‐
xylose, and various other carbohydrates
. β‐
Galactosidase
(
ONPG
)
activity occurs
. The main respiratory quinone is ubiquinone‐9. Main components in the polar lipid composition are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Major fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
16:1
, C
18:1
, and C
19:0cyc
. Belongs to the class
Gammaproteobacteria
. Forms dark spots on the surface of raw, cured meat products.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 56.

Type species
:
Carnimonas nigrificans
Garriga, Ehrmann, Arnau, Hugas and Vogel 1998, 685.
Neurocognitive decline in HIV patients is associated with ongoing T‐cell activation in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Grauer Oliver M. , Reichelt Doris , Grüneberg Ute , Lohmann Hubertus , Schneider‐Hohendorf Tilman , Schulte‐Mecklenbeck Andreas , Gross Catharina C. , Meuth Sven G. , Wiendl Heinz , Husstedt Ingo W.
Published: August 2015

Objective

HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain a challenge despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Immune cell activation has been implicated to play a major role in the development of HAND.

Methods

In this study, we used multicolor flow cytometry on peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to determine the expression of HLA‐DR and programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with chronic HIV infection. Expression levels were correlated with HI virus load in PB and CSF, classification of HAND and severity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal abnormalities.

Results

In a cohort of 86 HIV patients we found that the grade of neurocognitive impairment and the severity of MRI signal abnormalities correlated with decreasing CD4/CD8‐ratios and increased frequencies of HLA‐DR expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reaching the highest values in the CSF samples. Importantly, HLA‐DR upregulation was still detectable in virologically suppressed HIV patients. Further, T‐cell subpopulation analysis of 40 HIV patients showed a significant shift from naïve to effector memory (EM) T cells that was negatively correlated with the grade of neurocognitive impairment in the PB samples. Moreover, PD‐1 was significantly increased on CD4+ memory T cells with highest levels on EM T cells in HIV patients with mild or severe neurocognitive alterations.

Interpretation

The CD4/CD8 ratio, the proportion of EM to naïve T cells and the immune activation profile of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PB and CSF might be useful parameters to monitor the efficacy of cART and to identify HIV patients at risk of further neurocognitive deterioration.
Tungsten Oxides for Photocatalysis, Electrochemistry, and Phototherapy
Authors: Huang Zhen‐Feng , Song Jiajia , Pan Lun , Zhang Xiangwen , Wang Li , Zou Ji‐Jun
Published: August 2015

The conversion, storage, and utilization of renewable energy have all become more important than ever before as a response to ever‐growing energy and environment concerns. The performance of energy‐related technologies strongly relies on the structure and property of the material used. The earth‐abundant family of tungsten oxides (WOx≤3) receives considerable attention in photocatalysis, electrochemistry, and phototherapy due to their highly tunable structures and unique physicochemical properties. Great breakthroughs have been made in enhancing the optical absorption, charge separation, redox capability, and electrical conductivity of WOx≤3through control of the composition, crystal structure, morphology, and construction of composite structures with other materials, which significantly promotes the efficiency of processes and devices based on this material. Herein, the properties and synthesis of WOx≤3family are reviewed, and then their energy‐related applications are highlighted, including solar‐light‐driven water splitting, CO2reduction, and pollutant removal, electrochromism, supercapacitors, lithium batteries, solar and fuel cells, non‐volatile memory devices, gas sensors, and cancer therapy, from the aspect of function‐oriented structure design and control.
Enhanced Luminescence, Collective Heating, and Nanothermometry in an Ensemble System Composed of Lanthanide‐Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles and Gold Nanorods
Authors: Rohani Shadi , Quintanilla Marta , Tuccio Salvatore , De Angelis Francesco , Cantelar Eugenio , Govorov Alexander O. , Razzari Luca , Vetrone Fiorenzo
Published: August 2015

A combined system of gold nanorods and NaGdF4:Er3+/Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles with double functionality, luminescence enhancement, and monitored heating is introduced. The paired nanostructures could become an excellent optical heater with thermal probe incorporated. To study their interaction, the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance of the gold nanorods is tuned to 980 nm, in resonance with the Yb3+ absorption wavelength, so they can be simultaneously excited. Gold nanorods create a localized electromagnetic field that enhances the emission intensity from upconverting nanoparticles. This luminescence enhancement is shown to depend on the interparticle distance and excitation power and, in this system, reaches a maximum enhancement of 9 for the green emission of Er3+ ions. At the same time, evidence of strong collective heating from the gold nanorods is demonstrated. The temperature can be controlled by changing the excitation power and measured in situ via the Er3+ thermally sensitive luminescence. At high excitation powers, the heating can trigger a deformation of the gold nanorods, which limits the maximum temperature achievable in the system to 160 °C. Combining these nanostructures provides an all‐optical heating system with improved emission intensity that can monitor the temperature achieved.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Spirooxindoles using a Tandem Michael–Michael Reaction
Authors: Abbaraju Santhi , Ramireddy Naresh , Rana Nirmal K. , Arman Hadi , Zhao John C.‐G.
Published: August 2015

A highly efficient stereoselective method for the synthesis of functionalized spirooxindole derivatives with four contiguous stereogenic centers, including two adjacent quaternary stereogenic centers, was realized through an organocatalytic tandem Michael–Michael reaction. By employing a quinidine‐derived thiourea organocatalyst, the reaction between (E)‐2‐cyano‐2‐(2‐oxo‐1‐tritylindolin‐3‐ylidene)acetates and (E)‐1‐alkyl‐6‐nitro‐hex‐2‐en‐1‐ones yields the desired spirooxindole products in good yields (up to 90%) and with excellent stereoselectivities (up to 95:5 dr and 98% ee).

magnified image
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 6‐Anilinopurines with Alkynes via CH Activation: Synthesis of Indole‐Substituted Purines/Purine Nucleosides
Authors: Allu Srinivasarao , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: August 2015

Indole‐substituted purine nucleobases have been synthesized by Ru‐catalyzed oxidative annulation of 6‐anilinopurines with internal alkynes that involves CH activation. Unsymmetrical aryl(alkyl)alkynes led to high regioselectivity. The reaction was also successful with nucleosides by delivering unprotected indole‐substituted nucleosides. In the presence of [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 and copper(II) acetate hydrate [Cu(OAc)2⋅H2O], in some cases, we have observed two‐fold CH activation products that exhibit fluorescence. A ruthenacycle intermediate was characterized by crystallography, which suggests that the N‐1 nitrogen atom of the purine acts as a directing group for the present transformation.

magnified image
Catalytic Cross‐Coupling of Vinyl Golds with Diazonium Salts under Photoredox and Thermal Conditions
Authors: Patil Dilip V. , Yun Hokeun , Shin Senghoon
Published: August 2015

Catalytically generated vinyl gold complexes from tert‐butyl allenoates were found to undergo an efficient cross‐coupling with arenediazonium salts. The gold(I)‐gold(III) redox cycle can be accessed under two different conditions, i.e., visible‐light photoredox as well as a thermally induced radical chain pathway. The current C(sp2)C(sp2) cross‐coupling protocol that is catalytic in gold, would make available desirable structural diversity to the traditional cross‐coupling chemistry.

magnified image
Direkte Umwandlung von Estern in Arene mit 1,5‐difunktionellen Organomagnesium‐Reagentien
Authors: Link Achim , Fischer Christian , Sparr Christof
Published: August 2015

Es wird eine direkte defunktionalisierende Umwandlung von Carbonsäureestern in Arene unter Verwendung von 1,5‐difunktionellen Organomagnesium‐Reagentien beschrieben. Ausgehend von diversen Carbonsäureestern erlaubt diese effiziente und praktikable Methode die einstufige Herstellung von Benzol‐, Anthracen‐, Tetracen‐ und Pentacenderivaten. Der zweifache nukleophile Angriff des 1,5‐Organodimagnesium‐Reagens am Ester mit nachfolgender 1,4‐Eliminierung führt zu einer unmittelbaren [5+1]‐Bildung des aromatischen Ringes.
Stereoselektive, konfigurationserhaltende Domino‐Transmetallierung sekundärer Alkyllithiumverbindungen zu funktionalisierten, sekundären Alkylkupferreagentien
Authors: Moriya Kohei , Simon Meike , Mose Rasmus , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul
Published: August 2015

Mithilfe zweier aufeinanderfolgender Transmetallierungen können funktionalisierte, sekundäre Alkylkupferverbindungen unter hoher Retention der Konfiguration aus funktionalisierten, sekundären Alkyllithiumverbindungen, gebildet durch einen I/Li‐Austausch aus dem entsprechenden sekundären Alkyliodid, hergestellt werden. Diese Alkylkupferderivate reagieren mit Elektrophilen, wie Alkinylestern, Säurechloriden, Allylchloriden, Ketalen, Ethylenoxid und 3‐Iodcyclopentanon unter hoher Retention der Konfiguration. Eine verwandte Transmetallierungssequenz mit MeMgI und LaCl3⋅2 LiCl ermöglicht eine konfigurationserhaltende Addition von sekundären Alkyllithiumverbindungen an Aceton. Der Einfluss des Lösungsmittels auf die Konfigurationsstabilität sekundärer Alkylzinkreagentien wird beschrieben.
An Isolable, Photoswitchable N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: On‐Demand Reversible Ammonia Activation
Authors: Teator Aaron J. , Tian Yuan , Chen Mu , Lee Jeehiun K. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: August 2015

The first isolable, photoswitchable N‐heterocyclic carbene was synthesized and found to undergo reversible electrocyclic isomerization upon successive exposure to UV and visible radiation. The UV‐induced ring closure afforded substantial changes to the electronic structure of the dithienylethene‐based NHC, as evidenced by changes in the corresponding UV/Vis absorption and 13C NMR spectra. Likewise, molecular orbital calculations revealed diminished electron density at the carbene nucleus upon photocyclization, consistent with the enhanced electrophilicity displayed by the ring‐closed form. The photoswitchable NHC was successfully switched between its ring‐opened and ring‐closed states with high fidelity over multiple cycles. Furthermore, the ring‐closed isomer was found to undergo facile NH bond activation, allowing for the controlled capture and release of ammonia upon cycling between its isomeric states.
Self‐Guided Supramolecular Cargo‐Loaded Nanomotors with Chemotactic Behavior towards Cells
Authors: Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng , van Hest Jan C. M. , Wilson Daniela A.
Published: August 2015

Delivery vehicles that are able to actively seek and precisely locate targeted tissues using concentration gradients of signaling molecules have hardly been explored. The directed movement toward specific cell types of cargo‐loaded polymeric nanomotors along a hydrogen peroxide concentration gradient (chemotaxis) is reported. Through self‐assembly, bowl‐shaped poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐polystyrene nanomotors, or stomatocytes, were formed with platinum nanoparticles entrapped in the cavity while a model drug was encapsulated in the inner compartment. Directional movement of the stomatocytes in the presence of a fuel gradient (chemotaxis) was first demonstrated in both static and dynamic systems using glass channels and a microfluidic flow. The highly efficient response of these motors was subsequently shown by their directional and autonomous movement towards hydrogen peroxide secreting neutrophil cells.
On the Mechanisms of Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer from Water to the Heteronuclear Oxide Cluster [Ga2Mg2O5].+: Remarkable Electronic Structure Effects
Authors: Li Jilai , Zhou Shaodong , Wu Xiao‐Nan , Tang Shiya , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: August 2015

Mechanistic insight into the homolytic cleavage of the OH bond of water by the heteronuclear oxide cluster [Ga2Mg2O5].+ has been derived from state‐of‐the‐art gas‐phase experiments in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Three pathways have been identified computationally. In addition to the conventional hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) to the radical center of a bridging oxygen atom, two mechanistically distinct proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET) processes have been identified. The energetically most favored path involves initial coordination of the incoming water ligand to a magnesium atom followed by an intramolecular proton transfer to the lone‐pair of the bridging oxygen atom. This step, which is accomplished by an electronic reorganization, generates two structurally equivalent OH groups either of which can be liberated, in agreement with labeling experiments.
Stereoselective Retentive Domino Transmetalations of Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds to Functionalized Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents
Authors: Moriya Kohei , Simon Meike , Mose Rasmus , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul
Published: August 2015

Functionalized secondary alkyllithium reagents obtained by I/Li exchange from the corresponding secondary alkyl iodides undergo two successive transmetalations with Me3SiCH2ZnBr⋅LiBr and CuBr⋅2 LiCl⋅Me2S to provide functionalized secondary alkylcopper compounds with high retention of configuration. These alkylcopper derivatives react further with electrophiles such as alkynyl esters, acid chlorides, allylic chlorides, ketals, ethylene oxide, and 3‐iodocyclopentanone with high retention of configuration. A related sequence of transmetalations with MeMgI and LaCl3⋅2 LiCl allows a retentive addition of secondary alkyllithium reagents to acetone. The influence of the solvent on the configurational stability of secondary alkylzinc reagents is described.
Binding of caffeine with caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid using fluorescence quenching, UV/vis and FTIR spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Belay Abebe , Kim Hyung Kook , Hwang Yoon‐Hwae
Published: August 2015

The interactions of caffeine (CF) with chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CFA) were investigated by fluorescence quenching, UV/vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The results of the study indicated that the fluorescence quenching between caffeine and hydroxycinnamic acids could be rationalized in terms of static quenching or the formation of non‐fluorescent CF–CFA and CF–CGA complexes. From fluorescence quenching spectral analysis, the quenching constant (KSV), quenching rate constant (kq), number of binding sites (n), thermodynamic properties and conformational changes of the interaction were determined. The quenching constants (KSV) between CF and CGA, CFA are 1.84 × 104 and 1.04 × 104 L/mol at 298 K and their binding site n is ~ 1. Thermodynamic parameters determined using the Van't Hoff equation indicated that hydrogen bonds and van der Waal's forces have a major role in the reaction of caffeine with caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. The 3D fluorescence, UV/vis and FTIR spectra also showed that the binding of CF with CFA and CGA induces conformational changes in CFA and CGA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sensitive fluorescent nanosensor for chloramphenicol based on molecularly imprinted polymer‐capped CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Amjadi Mohammad , Jalili Roghayeh , Manzoori Jamshid L.
Published: August 2015

A novel fluorescent nanosensor using molecularly imprinted silica nanospheres embedded CdTe quantum dots (CdTe@SiO2@MIP) was developed for detection and quantification of chloramphenicol (CAP). The imprinted sensor was prepared by synthesis of molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP) on the hydrophilic CdTe quantum dots via reverse microemulsion method using small amounts of solvents. The resulting CdTe@SiO2@MIP nanoparticles were characterized by fluorescence, UV–vis absorption and FT‐IR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. They preserved 48% of fluorescence quantum yield of the parent quantum dots. CAP remarkably quenched the fluorescence of prepared CdTe@SiO2@MIP, probably via electron transfer mechanism. Under the optimal conditions, the relative fluorescence intensity of CdTe@SiO2@MIP decreased with increasing CAP by a Stern–Volmer type equation in the concentration range of 40–500 µg L–1. The corresponding detection limit was 5.0 µg L–1. The intra‐day and inter‐day values for the precision of the proposed method were all <4%. The developed sensor had a good selectivity and was applied to determine CAP in spiked human and bovine serum and milk samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alphavirus capsid proteins self‐assemble into core‐like particles in insect cells: A promising platform for nanoparticle vaccine development
Authors: Hikke Mia C. , Geertsema Corinne , Wu Vincen , Metz Stefan W. , van Lent Jan W. , Vlak Just M. , Pijlman Gorben P.
Published: August 2015

The mosquito‐borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes arthritic diseases in humans, whereas the aquatic salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is associated with high mortality in aquaculture of salmon and trout. Using modern biotechnological approaches, promising vaccine candidates based upon highly immunogenic, enveloped virus‐like particles (eVLPs) have been developed. However, the eVLP structure (core, lipid membrane, surface glycoproteins) is more complex than that of non‐enveloped, protein‐only VLPs, which are structurally and morphologically ‘simple’. In order to develop an alternative to alphavirus eVLPs, in this paper we engineered recombinant baculovirus vectors to produce high levels of alphavirus core‐like particles (CLPs) in insect cells by expression of the CHIKV and SAV capsid proteins. The CLPs localize in dense nuclear bodies within the infected cell nucleus and are purified through a rapid and scalable protocol involving cell lysis, sonication and low‐speed centrifugation steps. Furthermore, an immunogenic epitope from the alphavirus E2 glycoprotein can be successfully fused to the N‐terminus of the capsid protein without disrupting the CLP self‐assembling properties. We propose that immunogenic epitope‐tagged alphavirus CLPs produced in insect cells present a simple and perhaps more stable alternative to alphavirus eVLPs.
Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Biapigenin Mediated by Actions on p38 MAPK Pathway
Authors: Jnawali Hum Nath , Park Young‐Guen , Jeon Dasom , Lee Eunjung , Kim Yangmee
Published: August 2015

Biapigenin is a naturally occurring biflavonoid found in Selaginella tamariscina. This study aimed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory activity of biapigenin and its mechanisms of action, and to identify possible target proteins. Biapigenin suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐2 cytokine release. Moreover, biapigenin completely inhibited IL‐1β, inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and MIP‐2 mRNA expression and partially suppressed MIP‐1 and TNF‐α expression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced upregulation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was significantly reduced by biapigenin. Fluorescence titration experiment revealed that biapigenin bound to p38 with a high binding affinity of 2.57 × 106 M−1. These results suggest that biapigenin demonstrates anti‐inflammatory activities by the regulation of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK pathway. Our results strongly suggest that biapigenin may be a potent biflavonoid inhibitor of p38 MAPK and have therapeutic applications in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Nanog RNA‐binding proteins YBX1 and ILF3 affect pluripotency of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Guo Chuanliang , Xue Yan , Yang Guanheng , Yin Shang , Shi Wansheng , Cheng Yan , Yan Xiaoshuang , Fan Shuyue , Zhang Huijun , Zeng Fanyi
Published: August 2015

Nanog is a well‐known transcription factor that plays a fundamental role in stem cell self‐renewal and the maintenance of their pluripotent cell identity. There remains a large data gap with respect to the spectrum of the key pluripotency transcription factors’ interaction partners. Limited information is available concerning Nanog‐associated RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs), and the intrinsic protein–RNA interactions characteristic of the regulatory activities of Nanog. Herein, we used an improved affinity protocol to purify Nanog‐interacting RBPs from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and 49 RBPs of Nanog were identified. Among them, the interaction of YBX1 and ILF3 with Nanog mRNA was further confirmed by in vitro assays, such as Western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and ex vivo methods, such as immunofluorescence staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), MS2 in vivo biotin‐tagged RNA affinity purification (MS2‐BioTRAP). Interestingly, RNAi studies revealed that YBX1 and ILF3 positively affected the expression of Nanog and other pluripotency‐related genes. Particularly, downregulation of YBX1 or ILF3 resulted in high expression of mesoderm markers. Thus, a reduction in the expression of YBX1 and ILF3 controls the expression of pluripotency‐related genes in ESCs, suggesting their roles in further regulation of the pluripotent state of ESCs.
Comparison of Subgrid Closure Methods for Passive Scalar Variance at High Schmidt Number
Authors: Wojtas Krzysztof , Makowski Łukasz , Orciuch Wojciech , Bałdyga Jerzy
Published: August 2015

The subgrid closure for fluctuations of the passive scalar in liquids is investigated. Simulation results of the concentration variance based on the literature subgrid‐scale models are compared with experimental findings obtained by planar laser‐induced fluorescence measurements in a tubular reactor with T‐shaped mixing head. The new coefficient for the proposed dynamic subgrid‐scale model takes into account the spatial variation of the turbulence Reynolds number and depends on the Schmidt number and the numerical cell size. The model suggested provides excellent predictions of the concentration variance.
Strategy for Tuning the Photophysical Properties of Photosensitizers for Use in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Siraj Noureen , Kolic Paulina E. , Regmi Bishnu P. , Warner Isiah M.
Published: August 2015

A novel approach for tuning spectral properties, as well as minimizing aggregation, in zinc porphyrin and zinc phthalocyanine‐based compounds is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on use of these compounds as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). To accomplish this aim, a bulky hydrophobic cation, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium, is paired with anionic porphyrin and phthalocyanine dyes to produce a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) that absorb at longer wavelengths with high molar absorptivity and high photostability. Nanoparticles derived from these GUMBOS possess positively charged surfaces with high zeta potential values, which are highly desirable for PDT. Upon irradiation at longer wavelengths, these GUMBOS produced singlet oxygen with greater efficiency as compared to the respective parent dyes.
An Ideal Detector Composed of Two‐Dimensional Cd(II)–Triazole Frameworks for Nitro‐Compound Explosives and Potassium Dichromate
Authors: Wang Ying , Cheng Lin , Liu Zheng‐Yu , Wang Xiu‐Guang , Ding Bo , Yin Long , Zhou Bing‐Bing , Li Ming‐Shu , Wang Jia‐Xuan , Zhao Xiao‐Jun
Published: August 2015

The two‐dimensional (2D) metal–organic framework (MOF) [Cd(TPTZ)(H2O)2(HCOOH)(IPA)2]n (1; TPTZ={4‐[4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl]phenyl}‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole, IPA=isophthalic acid) has been constructed with the π‐electron‐rich aromatic ligand TPTZ, auxiliary ligand IPA, and the metal Cd2+ ion with a d10 configuration under solvothermal conditions. Complex 1 exhibits a strong ligand‐originated photoluminescence emission, which is selectively sensitive toward electron‐deficient nitroaromatic compounds, such as nitrobenzene (NB), 1,3‐dinitrobenzene (m‐DNB), and 1,4‐dinitrobenzene (p‐DNB), and nitro‐aliphatic compounds, such as nitromethane (NM) and tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane. This property makes complex 1 a potential fluorescence sensor for these chemicals. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that dinuclear cadmium building units were further bridged by TPTZ ligands to give a four‐connected uninodal net with the Schläfli symbol of [4.63.4.63.62.64].
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of α‐Cyanoketene Dithioacetals with Olefins
Authors: Yang Xiaoge , Liu Zhuqing , Sun Chenglin , Chen Jiping , Yu Zhengkun
Published: August 2015

Efficient palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of the internal olefins α‐cyanoketene dithioacetals with a variety of olefins were achieved in dioxane/HOAc/DMSO (9:3:1 v/v/v) under air atmosphere or by means of AgOAc as the terminal oxidant. Electron‐deficient terminal olefins reacted to form the linear diene derivatives with air as the oxidant. Styrenes underwent the cross‐coupling to give both the linear and branched dienes when using AgOAc as the oxidant. Unactivated cyclic and linear internal olefin substrates both reacted in the presence of a catalytic amount of benzoquinone in air to produce skipped dienes. The typical products were structurally confirmed by X‐ray crystallography.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidant‐Free Allylation of Aromatic Ketoximes with Allylic Acetates at Room Temperature
Authors: Manikandan Rajendran , Madasamy Padmaja , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: August 2015

Substituted aromatic ketoximes reacted efficiently with allylic acetates in the presence of {[RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2} and AgSbF6 in 1,2‐dichloroethane at ambient temperature, providing ortho‐allyl aromatic ketoximes in a highly regioselective manner without an oxidant. In the reaction, the acetate group of allyl acetate acts as a base to activate the CH bond of aromatics. Later, ortho‐allyl aromatic ketoximes were converted into ortho‐allyl aromatic ketones in the presence of HCl.
Thermal and Photolytic Transformation of NHC–B,N‐Heterocycles: Controlled Generation of Blue Fluorescent 1,3‐Azaborinine Derivatives and 1H‐Imidazo[1,2‐a]indoles by External Stimuli
Authors: McDonald Sean M. , Mellerup Soren K. , Peng Jinbao , Yang Dengtao , Li Quan‐Song , Wang Suning
Published: August 2015

NHC–B,N‐heterocyclic compounds have been found to act as convenient precursors for obtaining either 1,3‐azaborinine or 1H‐imidazo[1,2‐a]indole derivatives, which are two different and rare classes of compounds. The formation of these two classes of compounds from the NHC–B,N‐heterocycles is highly selective depending on the external stimuli employed, and the resulting products have been studied for their interesting chemical and photophysical properties. The mechanism and possible reaction pathways of the unusual transformation are established by computational studies.
Enhanced Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid by Half‐Sandwich Iridium(III) Complexes with Metal/NH Bifunctionality: A Pronounced Switch from Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Matsunami Asuka , Kayaki Yoshihito , Ikariya Takao
Published: August 2015

By switching the catalytic function from transfer hydrogenation based on the metal/NH bifunctionality, facile dehydrogenation of formic acid was achieved by amido‐ and hydrido(amine)–Ir complexes derived from N‐triflyl‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine (TfDPEN) at ambient temperature even in the absence of base additives. Further acceleration was observed by the addition of water, leading to a maximum turnover frequency above 6000 h−1. A proton‐relay mechanism guided by the protic amine ligand and water is postulated for effective protonation of metal hydrides.
Total Syntheses of (−)‐Isoschizogamine and (−)‐2‐Hydroxyisoschizogamine
Authors: Wang Xiaobei , Xia Dongliang , Tan Ling , Chen Huan , Huang Hongxiu , Song Hao , Qin Yong
Published: August 2015

Total syntheses of (−)‐isoschizogamine and (−)‐2‐hydroxyisoschizogamine are described. The synthesis employs two asymmetric Michael additions to establish chiral centers at C7 and the quaternary carbon C20. Regioselective reduction of the methylthioiminium cation rather than the enamine generates an isoschizogamine‐type pentacyclic skeleton. Acidic hydrolysis of the isoschizogamine‐type intermediate in the absence of oxygen provides natural (−)‐isoschizogamine. Conducting the reaction in the presence of oxygen leads to a multistep oxidative hydrolysis cascade that affords unnatural (−)‐2‐hydroxyisoschizogamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Determination of KScS2, RbScS2 and KLnS2 (Ln: Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) and Crystal‐Chemical Discussion.
Authors: Havlak Lubomir , Fabry Jan , Henriques Margarida , Dusek Michal
Published: August 2015

The crystal structures of KScS2, RbScS2, and KLnS2 (Ln: Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) are either newly determined (KScS2, RbScS2 and KTbS2) or re‐determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphite as Polyanion‐Based Cathode for Li‐Ion Battery: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemistry of LiFe(HPO3)2.
Authors: Yaghoobnejad Asl Hooman , Choudhury Amitava
Published: August 2015

The new title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of γ‐Fe2O3, LiOH·H2O, and H3PO3 (Paar reaction vessel, 150 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Ene‐Allenes.
Authors: Noucti Njamkou N. , Alexanian Erik J.
Published: August 2015

Intramolecular Ni‐catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ene allenes yields fused cyclobutanes in a diastereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Overman Rearrangement of an L‐Ascorbic‐Acid‐Derived Allylic Alcohol: Application in the Synthesis of (+)‐1,2‐Di‐epi‐swainsonine and a Tetrahydroxypyrrolizidine.
Authors: Rajasekaran Parasuraman , Ansari Alafia A. , Vankar Yashwant D.
Published: August 2015

Differently substituted ascorbic‐acid‐derived allylic alcohols are used to study the Overman rearrangement under thermal and palladium‐catalyzed conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur Imidations by Light‐Induced Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions.
Authors: Bizet Vincent , Bolm Carsten
Published: August 2015

A wide range of N‐substituted sulfimides and sulfoximines is prepared from dioxazolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Oxidative Dearomatization of Phenols with Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate.
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Sasakura Niiha , Kuwahata Mitsuyoshi , Ejima Yasukazu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: August 2015

First time, the title reaction proceeds in the presence of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate as an inexpensive, strong oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Pyridine N‐Oxides Directed Arylation of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds.
Authors: Liu Jianzhong , Xie Ying , Zeng Wei , Lin Dongen , Deng Yuanfu , Lu Xiaoxia
Published: August 2015

The novel Pd(II)‐catalyzed pyridine N‐oxide directed arylation of unactivated C(sp3)—H bonds in aliphatic amides with aryl iodides allows to install various aryl groups at the β‐ or γ‐C(sp3) atom of alkyl carboxylic acid amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Reductive Esterification of Carboxylic Acids under Hydrogen by Reusable Heterogeneous Platinum Catalysts.
Authors: Touchy Abeda S. , Kon Kenichi , Onodera Wataru , Shimizu Ken‐ichi
Published: August 2015

An unprecedented method for the additive‐free reductive dimerization of carboxylic acids to esters is developed using Pd‐nanoparticles on SnO2 as reusable heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling of Fluorinated Alcohols with Allenes: Dehydrogenation at the Energetic Limit of β‐Hydride Elimination.
Authors: Sam Brannon , Luong Tom , Krische Michael J.
Published: August 2015

The coupling of allenes and fluorinated alcohols provides homoallylic alcohols with high levels of diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Promoted Catalytic Cleavage of Esters under Nearly Neutral Conditions in the Presence of NaN3.
Authors: Sun Hong‐bin , Ai Yongjian , Ren Shanshan , Li Yuanyuan , Li Dong
Published: August 2015

Aliphatic, phenolic, and vinyl esters are cleaved to give the corresponding alcohols in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe‐Catalyzed Direct α C—H Amination of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Murru Siva , Lott Charles Seth , Fronczek Frank R. , Srivastava Radhey S.
Published: August 2015

Starting from 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and arylhydroxylamines a convenient N‐selective one step approach to α‐amino carbonyl derivatives is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Acylation of Acyclic Meso1,3‐Diols Through Synergistic Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Desymmetrization/Chiroablative Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Merad Jeremy , Borkar Prashant , Bouyon Yenda Tracy , Roux Christele , Pons Jean‐Marc , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Chuzel Olivier , Bressy Cyril
Published: August 2015

The scalable, highly efficient title reaction proceeds with high yields and high to excellent enantioselectivities upon transformation of various arylalkenyl and aryl substituted 1,3‐diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Approach for C(sp3)—H Bond Thioetherification of Isochroman.
Authors: Feng Jie , Lu Guoping , Lv Meifang , Cai Chun
Published: August 2015

An atom‐economic, environmentally benign method for the oxidative cross‐coupling of isochroman derivatives with thiol derivatives is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Mediated Conjugation of S‐Nitrosothiols and Aldehydes.
Authors: Biggs Tyler D. , Weerasinghe Laksiri , Park Chung‐Min , Xian Ming
Published: August 2015

A facile protocol is developed for the preparation of thioimines from aldehydes and S‐nitrosothiols.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Chemo/Regio/Stereoselective Generation of a Library of Functionalized Spiro‐Oxindoles/Pyrrolizines/Pyrrolidines from α‐Aroylidineketene Dithioacetals.
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Pandi , Babu Seenivasagaperumal Sriram , Thimmarayaperumal Solaimalai , Shanmugam Sivakumar
Published: August 2015

Various spiro‐oxindole derivatives are obtained by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylide from isatin and L‐proline/L‐phenylalanine with α‐aroylidineketene dithioacetals.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective and Diastereoselective, One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of Novel Spiroindenoquinoxalineindolizidine Derivatives.
Authors: Moemeni Mehdi , Arvinnezhad Hamid , Samadi Saadi , Salahi Farbod , Jadidi Khosrow , Notash Behrouz
Published: August 2015

Ten title compounds of type (V) are prepared with high regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity by a one‐pot four‐component synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions of Phosphines, Enynedioates and Cinnamaldimines Give γ‐Lactams with a 1,3,5‐Hexatriene Moiety for Facile 6π Electrocyclization: Access to Oxindoles, Isatins and Isoxazolinones.
Authors: Deng Jie‐Cheng , Chen Wu‐Yin , Zhu Chaoyuan , Chuang Shih‐Ching
Published: August 2015

γ‐Lactames having a hexatriene moiety undergo 6π‐electrocyclization followed by oxidation to give 3‐phosphorus ylide oxindoles, which are further oxidized to yield isoxazolidinones (III) and isatins (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic N‐Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 84. Reaction of N‐(Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐yl)amidines or N‐(Pyrido[2′,3′:4,5]furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐yl)amidines with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride.
Authors: Okuda Kensuke , Ide Ryota , Uramaru Naoto , Hirota Takashi
Published: August 2015

Some of the newly synthesized N‐substituted formamide oxime derivatives show inhibitory activity against pentosidine formation [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Active Spiroacetals from Alkynyl Glycols Catalyzed by Gold Complex/Broensted Acid Binary System.
Authors: Rexit Abulikemu Abudu , Mailikezati Maihemuti
Published: August 2015

The asymmetric gold‐catalyzed cyclization of substrates (I) provides spiroacetals (II) with high enantioselectivities and racemic spiroacetals (III) as by products.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Mediated Radical Aryldifluoroacetylation of Alkynes with Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate for the Synthesis of 3‐Difluoroacetylated Coumarins.
Authors: Fu Weijun , Zhu Mei , Zou Guanglong , Xu Chen , Wang Zhiqiang , Ji Baoming
Published: August 2015

An ortho‐methyl‐substituted substrate does not react due to sterical hindrance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic H4NI—AcOH Catalyzed Oxidation of the C(sp3)—H Bonds of Benzylpyridines with Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Ren Lanhui , Wang Lianyue , Lv Ying , Li Guosong , Gao Shuang
Published: August 2015

The scalable protocol tolerates a range of functional groups including oxidizable ones such as a second chemically different benzylic position or thioether groups.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐Bis(4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines: Synthesis and Tuning of Optical Properties by Polar Substituents.
Authors: Bucevicius Jonas , Skardziute Lina , Dodonova Jelena , Kazlauskas Karolis , Bagdziunas Gintautas , Jursenas Saulius , Tumkevicius Sigitas
Published: August 2015

Novel D‐π‐A‐π‐D type chromophores, the title pyrimidines (III), synthesized by Cu(I)‐catalyzed Huisgen azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction of 2,4‐diazidopyrimidines (I) with ethynylarenes (II).