bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Vaccines: The Future of Immunization
Authors: Kang Haobo , Ma Zilu , Sun Yubo , Kong Fanzhuo , Yang Kun , Jiang Dongbo
Published: October 2024

This article mainly discusses the prospects of DNA vaccines as a future form of immunization. DNA vaccines, also known as nucleic acid vaccines or gene vaccines, inject genes encoding specific protein antigens directly into animals. By utilizing recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors, they activate the immune system to produce specific humoral and cellular immune responses, providing comprehensive protection against specific pathogens. Compared with traditional vaccines, DNA vaccines have shown new promise in addressing many viral infections. Although no DNA vaccines have been approved for use in humans at present, research on DNA vaccines for specific human diseases, such as prostate cancer, is ongoing. Additionally, the delivery methods of DNA vaccines, including oral vaccines and particle-mediated epidermal vaccination, as well as the challenges and directions for improvement in their clinical application, are explored. Finally, despite these challenges, the research and application prospects of DNA vaccines are broad.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 19 по 25 октября 2024 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Наталья , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: October 2024

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 19 по 25 октября 2024 г.
The influence of using word search learning media on students' Javanese cultural knowledge
Authors: Mardhiyah Ainaul , Zulaili Iin Nur , Laili Rahmawati  , Taufik'an Hidayah
Published: October 2024

Learning media plays an important role in the teaching and learning process, supporting teachers in delivering material more effectively. Javanese at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah is a challenge because many students do not know these terms. His rejection of Javanese culture gave rise to a negative view of cultural performances that were considered ancient. To overcome this problem, Android-based word search media is presented as a solution to make it easier for students to understand Javanese culture. This game involves arranging random letters into the correct Javanese Cultural word. The assessment instrument used in this research is the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design method. The results of research at MI Ma'hadut Thullab showed a significant increase in the class average score, namely reaching 83,200 after using word search media, while students who did not use word search media only obtained an average learning outcome score of 48,583.
Application of the TPACK approach to improve science learning outcomes in grade VI elementary school
Authors: Mandailina Vera , Oktyawati Mega , Laksmi Nusa Rinjayani Dewi , Hartika Lina , Lailatul Hikmah Wahyu
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to describe the improvement of learning outcomes in grade VI students of Primary school 15 Ampenan through the TPACK approach. This research uses descriptive quantitative data analysis type, with classroom action research method, this research was conducted in two cycles, with a total of 13 students. Each cycle consists of action planning, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques using tests. The results showed student learning outcomes in cycle I with a percentage of 69% learning completeness or 9 students who reached the minimum completeness criteria out of 13 students and in cycle II presentation of learning completeness of 85% or 11 students out of 13 the total number. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference by teachers at school to apply the TPACK approach.
Development of hydrological cycle learning media based on android application for fifth grade elementary school students
Authors: Safitri Dhea Rahma , Cahyadi Fajar , Ardiyanto Asep
Published: October 2024

Many teachers only focus on using books so that students feel bored and bored with learning, which results in learning not being maximally received. Educational media is used as a tool in learning activities to assist teachers and students in achieving learning goals, where technology has become an integral part of all activities. This study aims to develop multimedia learning applications for hydrology subjects for grade v elementary school students. The methodology used is R&D, focusing on the development process. The application is made through the analysis, design, and development stages. Validation from two validators of the media gave 94% results and stated the validity of the media without revision to be used in learning the hydrological cycle in the school curriculum. recommendations from this study are to improve user identity features and quiz features in the surrounding environment.
Analysis of differential item functioning in agricultural science examination across southwestern nigeria's senior schools
Authors: Opesemowo Oluwaseyi Aina Gbolade , Babatimihin Temitope , Ogungbaigbe Temitope Sarah
Published: October 2024

Differential Item Functioning poses a threat to test fairness and validity in educational assessments. To this end, this study probes the incidence of DIF in the Senior School Certificate Agricultural Science Examination (SSCASE) across school locations in Southwestern Nigeria. It determined the magnitude of DIF using item parameters in SSCASE. The study applies one, two and three-parameter logistic models to analyze the dichotomous data responses of 818 randomly selected students from urban and rural locations. The ex-post facto design adopted the 2015 National Examination Council SSCE in Agricultural Science as its instrument (Î± =0.887) in this study. The study population comprised SSCE candidates from Osun, Ondo, and Oyo. The results showed the magnitude of DIF in SSCASE was large and moderate (1PLM=0.52 significant DIF, 2PLM=0.45 moderate DIF, 3PLM=0.47 moderate DIF) across school locations. The study concluded that 1, 2 and 3 PLMs can produce fair items in SSCASE.
Supraclavicular Approach for the Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Due to Cervical Rib: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Sung Jin , Kim Young Jin
Published: October 2024

Cervical rib (CR) refers to congenital bone growth in the seventh cervical bone, which can cause thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Since TOS has various etiologies, physical and radiological examinations are necessary for a proper diagnosis. We report a case of an 18-year-old female patient in whom CR-induced neurogenic TOS was treated using a supraclavicular surgical approach. For the surgical treatment of neurogenic TOS due to CR, it is recommended to use a supraclavicular approach that allows a good view of the surrounding structures, such as the brachial plexus.
La ética comunicativa y la web 2.0: X como factor de cambio político
Authors: Court Pinto José Alberto , Court Ana
Published: October 2024

This article aims to contribute to the study of the impact of Twitter, a social media platform conducive to public discussion, in terms of democratization of political systems and the deepening of democracies. To this end, a set of case studies focused on the Hispano-American reality was reviewed, from which it could be observed how users, both leaders and citizens, use this microblogging service when arguing about political issues. In addition to this, the characteristics and resources of the platform were examined to determine whether they are favorable or not for deliberation. Both aspects were analyzed considering the principles of communicative ethics, specifically the proposals of Karl-Otto Apel and Adela Cortina. The current work concluded that the microblogging service alone does not boost any democratic cause but can do it if the citizenry uses its technological resources appropriately and if the political, economic, and social conditions are favorable.
Covid-19 y exportaciones peruanas de espárrago fresco o refrigerado hacia Estados Unidos de América, periodo 2020 - 2021
Authors:   , Gutierrez Nina Anthony Emanuel
Published: October 2024

La afección del coronavirus ha tenido un impacto significativo en los sectores socio-económicos y en el comercio internacional. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios que han sustentado que ciertos productos de exportación no se relacionan con la afección del coronavirus. Por tal, el objetivo recayó en la determinación de la relación entre la covid y las exportaciones en Perú del espárrago ya sea refrigerado o fresco con dirección a Estados Unidos, 2020-2021. Se tuvo un diseño no experimental-transeccional, cuantitativo y correlacional. Para el levantamiento de datos se empleó la técnica de análisis documental, aplicada a la población constituida por las exportaciones peruanas de espárrago fresco o refrigerado, con subpartida arancelaria 0709.20.00.00, hacia Estados Unidos, 2020-2021. A través del análisis estadístico expuesto en los resultados, se indicó que todas las hipótesis fueron rechazadas. Así, se vio que la relación entre variables eran débiles o nulas. Así, la variable de Covid–19 en sus dimensiones a nivel social, económico y de salud en el Estado peruano no tuvieron relación con las exportaciones peruanas de espárrago hacia EE.UU. En tanto, pueden existir otros factores como las condiciones climáticas, cambios en la demanda, competencia, factores económicos, logística, transporte, etc., que podrían relacionarse y puede investigarse a futuro.
Universal Forward Training and Structure-free Learning
Authors: Cai Gang , Wu Lingyan
Published: October 2024

The research of high-dimensional nonlinear systems has broad theoretical and engineering application prospects. As the structure complexity and depth of AI neural networks increase, there is an urgent need to work out forward training methods to deal with gradient vanishing, large storage, structure and deep constraints. Using the hypotheses and treatments of local linearization(LL) and isomorphism comparability(IC), here we present a novel systematic theory LL-IC and a universal forward training method LIFT for any stable and smooth parametric system even with a black-box structure. Experiments on DNN, SaNN, SaKAN, RAN, MLP, and IIR filter, proved the feasibility, effectiveness, and applicability. LIFT is a structure-free learning and universal complete forward training method, that has universality, simplicity, equality, and freedom features. It has important engineering significance in AI networks because of its potentially diverse designs like security isolation, energy-saving structure, distributed architecture, or parallel computation. It’s also attractive in math or other engineering fields.
Evaluating the Reading Performance of Chinese Glaucoma Patients by Using the C-Read Device
Authors: Suo Lingge , Cheng Tian , Zhang Weijia , Zhang Junyun , Wang Yi , Zhou Ji-chao , You Debo , Zhang Chun
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The C-Read is a type of Chinese reading-ability test chart, with its supporting electronic portable device that assesses Chinese reading ability. This study evaluates the reading performance of Chinese glaucoma patients using C-Read device.
Methods: A total of 163 glaucoma patients (326 eyes), 56 age-matched healthy controls (112 eyes) and 220 young healthy controls (440 eyes) were recruited. C-Read measured reading acuity (RA), maximum reading speed (MRS), and critical print size (CPS) in simplified Chinese. Glaucoma patients were classified by the Aulhorn and Karmeyer classification (A&K) and visual field defect location (superior, inferior, or annular).
Results: Glaucoma patients showed significantly lower RA, MRS, and CPS compared to age-matched (RA: P < 0.001; MRS: P = 0.016; CPS: P=0.001) and young healthy controls (all P < 0.001). Reading performance declined with increased glaucoma severity and was significantly impaired even in mild cases (all P < 0.001). Annular visual field defects resulted in the lowest reading abilities (all P < 0.001). VFQ-25 scores correlated with age, spherical equivalent (SE), and A&K classification (all P < 0.001).
Conclusions: C-Read is an effective method for evaluating reading ability in Chinese glaucoma patients. Severity, visual field defect location, age, and refractive status impact reading ability and QoL. Early-stage glaucoma patients experience reading impairment, particularly with central visual field involvement. Reading ability correlates with QoL, reflecting glaucoma's impact on visual function and daily activities. The test's high sensitivity suggests its potential as an economical early screening tool for glaucoma.
Veratridine, a plant-derived alkaloid, suppresses the hyperactive Rictor-mTORC2 pathway: a new targeted therapy for primary and metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Eikanger Morgan M. , Sane Sanam , Schraufnagel Kate S. , Slunecka John L. , Potts Rashaun A. , Freeling Jessica , Sereda Grigoriy , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Brockstein Reed L. , Emon M A Bashar , Saif M Taher A. , Rezvani Khosrow
Published: October 2024

Despite considerable advances to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) survival over the last decade, therapeutic challenges remain due to the rapid metastatic dissemination of primary tumors and screening limitations. Meanwhile, the rise of CRC in younger adults (Early-onset CRC), commonly diagnosed with a metastatic form of the disease, shows the pressing need to develop more effective targeted therapies to decrease the high mortality rates associated with metastatic disease. Hyperactivation of the Rictor-mTORC2-AKT signaling pathway drives key metastatic players in diverse malignant tumors, including early- and late-onset colorectal cancer. Selective mTORC2 inhibitors are becoming a potential treatment strategy for CRC due to the therapeutic limitations of mTORC1 inhibitors. Veratridine (VTD), a lipid-soluble alkaloid extracted from Liliaceae plants, can transcriptionally increase UBXN2A, which induces 26S proteasomal degradation of the Rictor protein, a key member in the mTORC2 complex. Destabilization of Rictor protein by VTD decreases Akt phosphorylation on Ser473, which is responsible for metastatic signaling downstream of the mTORC2 pathway in diverse malignant tumors. VTD decreases the population of metastatic colon cancer stem cells and functions as an angiogenesis inhibitor. VTD effectively reduces the spheroid growth rate and restricts cell migration. Live cell migration and invasion assays alongside biomechanical-force-based experiments revealed that VTD suppresses colon cancer cell invasiveness and the ensuing risk of tumor metastasis. A CRC mouse model that mimics the natural stages of human sporadic CRC revealed that VTD treatment significantly decreases tumor growth in a UBXN2A-dependent manner. This study showed a novel mechanistic connection between a ubiquitin-like protein and mTORC2-dependent migration and invasion in CRC tumors. This study revealed the therapeutic benefit of selective inhibition of Rictor in CRC, particularly in tumors with a hyperactive Rictor-mTORC2 signaling pathway. Finally, this study opened a new platform for repurposing VTD, a supplemental anti-hypertension molecule, into an effective targeted therapy in CRC tumors.
Assessment of the Correlation between Nano and Micro Analysis Studies and the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Nour Ahmed A. , Saudy Maram M. , Abou-Zeid Mohamed N.
Published: October 2024

The significance of Nano and Micro analysis becomes more evident when their contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is manifested. The main work objective is to establish a robust assessment and correlation between the Nano/Micro analysis and the different SDGs. To achieve this objective, first, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine how Nano and Micro analysis studies align with the 17 SDGs by mapping various Nano and Micro analysis techniques, from a wide range of research to the 17 SDGs. Then, a circular diagram to provide an engaging graphical representation of the mapping results was developed.
Second, a practical statistical analysis was conducted on an eighteen-month data set of recorded entries from a renowned Nano and Microtechnology Research Center in Cairo to seek an evidence of potential contribution of Nano and Micro analysis studies and tools to the 17 SDGs. The collected data were categorized and thoroughly mapped to the 17 SDGs. Findings of this research proved a good correlation between the different studied Nano/Micro analysis techniques and the SDGs. The SDGs of the highest correlation were: SDG06 clear water sanitation, SDG09 industry, innovation and infrastructure SDG12 responsible consumption, and SDG17 partnership for the goals. The most contributing fields of study in a descending order were healthcare and medicine, material science, environmental sustainability, energy, food and agriculture, electronics, and construction and civil engineering. Finally, a set of recommendations for future practical work, as well as recommendations to more profoundly promote the progress towards sustainability were provided.
Diversity and Abundance of Agriculturally Important Insects and Pests in the Bitter Gourd Ecosystem at Selected Locations in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: CHIRASANI NAGA RANI , Ragumoorthi K.N. , Sake Manideep , B Tulasi , R Aswini , Talapala Sai Kumar
Published: October 2024

Bitter gourd holds a prominent position among vegetables due to its high nutritional and medicinal value. However, various factors contribute to its lower production, including attacks by several pests such as the red pumpkin beetle, fruit fly, jassids, aphids, and whitefly, affecting different stages (seedling, vegetative, and reproductive) and parts (stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits) of the plant. From February to July 2023, a total of 12,481 individual arthropods belonging to 80 species from 45 families, 74 genera, and 10 orders, across two classes (Insecta and Arachnida), were documented in the bitter gourd ecosystem. The order Coleoptera was the most diverse, with 22 species from eight families, followed by Hymenoptera with 15 species from eight families, Lepidoptera (10 species, four families), Hemiptera (nine species, seven families), Diptera (eight species, eight families), Odonata (five species, two families), Orthoptera (three species, two families), Mantodea (two species, one family), and Thysanoptera (one species, one family). Additionally, five spider species from five genera and four families were recorded. Among the arthropods, predators represented the largest group with 34 species, followed by pests (22 species), pollinators (19 species), parasitoids (two species), and tourists (three species). The highest species diversity and richness were recorded in Narasipuram, with a Shannon-Weiner diversity index of 3.268, followed by TNAU Orchard (3.182), and Thondamuthur (2.914). Pollachi exhibited the lowest diversity (2.681).
1-year Real-World Outcomes of Faricimab in Previously Treated Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Janmohamed Imran , Mushtaq Adeel , Kabbani Jamil , Harrow Simeon , Nadarajasundaram Aaruran , Ata Anibe , Monye Henrietta , Jarrar Zakariya , Hannan Shabeeba , Membrey Luke
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives
Faricimab, a bispecific antibody targeting VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2, has shown promise in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This study evaluates one-year outcomes of faricimab in treatment-experienced nAMD patients.
Methods
This single-centre retrospective cohort study included patients previously treated for nAMD who switched to faricimab between November 2022 and March 2024. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and treatment intervals were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months.
Results
184 patients (215 eyes) were included. Patients had received a median of 18 (interquartile range [IQR] 10-28.5) anti-VEGF injections per eye over an average of 5.02 ± 11.82 years before switch. An average of 8.63 ± 2.2 faricimab injections were administered per eye over an average follow-up of 12.19 ± 2.70 months. Median BCVA decreased from 70 ETDRS letters (IQR 55–76) at baseline to 62 (IQR 47–76) at 12 months (p = 0.0038). Median CMT improved from 259.5 µm (IQR 223-299.75) at baseline to 232 µm (202.0-272.5) at 12 months (p < 0.0001). At the last follow-up, 40.2% of eyes were dry on OCT. The median dosing interval doubled from 4 weeks (IQR 4–4) to 8 weeks (IQR 6–10) with faricimab (p < 0.0001). 47.4% and 16.3% of eyes achieved treatment intervals of ≥ 8–12 weeks and ≥ 12 weeks, respectively. Three events of uveitis were noted following the loading phase.
Conclusions
This real-world study demonstrates that faricimab maintains vision and achieves significant anatomical improvements in treatment-experienced nAMD patients. The extended treatment intervals could significantly reduce the burden on patients and healthcare resources.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Traditional and Sustainable Garments Washing Approaches for Denim Apparels: A Step toward Cleaner Production and Consumption
Authors: Rahaman Md.Tareque , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Khan Md.Shakib Hossain
Published: October 2024

In today's fashion industry, the sustainability of garment washing processes especially denim washing is unquestionably an important issue. A garment's design and aesthetic appeal have a big impact on how consumers opt to purchase. Denim enthusiasts now have a variety of alternatives, such as eco-denim initiatives, zero water technologies, oxygen and ozone washes, advanced and organic denim, and less harmful fabric dyeing and washing practices. Many of these choices may not be as environmentally friendly as they are advertised to be, though regardless of their marketing commitments. The goal of this research paper is to contrast the three traditional washing methods such as dark, medium, and light washes with their sustainable counterparts. The present research provides a detailed comparison of traditional and sustainable washing methods, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. While both approaches can produce the about same appearances for the apparels, sustainable washing works out to be more effective, saving at least 25 minutes per wash. Sustainable light washing saves water consumption an additional 3.9 L/Kg garments, while medium and dark washing saves 14.44 L/Kg and 19.4 L/Kg garments. When compared to traditional washes, sustainable washes have reduced consumption of energy and chemical impact scores. Conventional methods of washings (35 for light, 42 for medium, and 49 for dark wash) have more EIM (Environmental Impact Measurement) score in a comparison to sustainable washing (14 for light, 21 for medium, and 23 for dark wash). It also indicates that environmentally friendly and more efficient washing practices are feasible. This provides an excellent illustration of how crucial ethical choices are. An environmental impact score of more than 66, as determined by the EIM software evaluation, is considered to be harmful to the environment whereas 0–33 indicates low effect, and 34–66 indicates medium impact.
Optimized workflow for high-throughput whole genome surveillance of Influenza A virus
Authors: Licheri Matthias , Licheri Manon F. , Mwanga Mike , Graaf-Rau Annika , Sägesser Cora , Bittel Pascal , Harder Timm , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Kelly Jenna N. , Dijkman Ronald
Published: October 2024

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is crucial for studying influenza A virus (IAV) genomic diversity in various host species to mitigate its impact on human and animal health. While the multisegment RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) efficiently amplifies all genomic segments in a single reaction, its sensitivity for larger segments is suboptimal. To improve WGS sensitivity, we optimized the mRT-PCR protocol by adjusting RT and PCR cycling conditions, achieving a 1000-fold increase in sensitivity. Additionally, we developed a dual-barcoding approach for the Oxford Nanopore platform, enabling the multiplexing of multiple IAV-positive samples without compromising sensitivity, thereby creating a scalable, high-throughput workflow for IAV surveillance.
Lactylation Modulation Identifies Key Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in KMT2A- Rearranged AML
Authors: Liu Dan , Ji Yujie , Jin Ziyan , He Zhewei , Hou Mengjia , Li Dongyang , Ma Xiao
Published: October 2024

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2Ar), found on chromosome 11q23, is often called KMT2A-rearranged AML (KMT2Ar-AML). This variant is highly aggressive, characterized by rapid disease progression and poor outcomes. Growing knowledge of epigenetic changes, especially lactylation, has opened new avenues for investigation and management of this subtype. Lactylation plays a significant role in cancer, inflammation, and tissue regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This research examined the influence of lactylation on gene expression within KMT2Ar-AML, initially identifying twelve notable lactylation-dependent differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using advanced machine learning techniques, six key lactylation-associated genes (PFN1, S100A6, CBR1, LDHB, LGALS1, PRDX1) were identified as essential for prognostic evaluation and linked to relevant disease pathways. The study also suggested PI3K inhibitors and Pevonedistat as possible therapeutic options to modulate immune cell infiltration. Our findings confirm the critical role of lactylation in KMT2Ar-AML and identify six key genes that may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. In addition to highlighting the need for further validation in clinical settings, these findings contribute to our understanding of KMT2Ar-AML's molecular mechanisms.
Association between working hours and femoral neck bone mineral density: Results of a national survey
Authors: Hao Guangliang , Zhang Bei , Chen Dongfeng
Published: October 2024

Bone mineral density (BMD) is vital for assessing osteoporosis risk. Although lifestyle and genetic factors influencing BMD have been studied, the impact of occupational factors remains unclear. We explored the association between working hours and femoral neck BMD. Data from 4,518 participants collected from the NHANES database (2017–March 2020) were analyzed. Femoral neck BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weekly working hours were categorized as < 35 or ≥ 35. Multivariate regression models adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors were constructed to examine the relationship between working hours and BMD. The initial analysis revealed no significant association between working hours and BMD (β = 0.01; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.13; p = 0.853). However, after adjusting for covariates, a positive association was found (Model 2: β = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.33; p < 0.001; Model 3: β = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.33; p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses by sex, age, race, and educational level revealed consistent trends. The positive association between reduced working hours and higher BMD suggests that occupational exposure may affect bone health, while subgroup differences indicated potential interactions with demographic factors. Our findings highlight the need to consider occupational factors in bone health strategies.
Influence of cinnamaldehyde supplementation on growth performance and intestinal microbial composition in broiler chickens fed a low-protein diet
Authors: Chen Xinzhu , Yue Wen , Li Zhongrong , Jin Weigang , Lin Haihong , Liu Jing
Published: October 2024

Cinnamaldehyde (CM), recognized for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant capabilities, is increasingly valued as an animal feed additive, primarily for its potential to augment gut health and promote general animal welfare. However, our understanding of CM as a feed additive to low-protein diet on broilers' growth performance and microbial composition is still limited. To investigate the effect of CM supplementation on the growth performance and microbial composition of broilers within a low-protein diet administration, we employed a combination of pathology, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques. The results indicated a significant increase in body weight and feed efficiency ratio (P < 0.05) following CM administration. Meanwhile, the microbial taxonomic analysis found that feeding CM increased the richness of Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus while diminishing the diversity of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Oscillospira, and Bacteroides. Besides, serum biochemical tests revealed that the CM administration significantly increased the immunity factors (IgA and IgE) than the low-protein (LP) group. These findings offer crucial insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and animal growth performance, elucidating the role of CM supplementation in the context of low-protein diets.
Establishment and Validation survival prediction models for T1 locally advanced breast cancer after breast conservation surgery versus mastectomy
Authors: Qian Fang , Shen Haoyuan , Liu Chenghao , Liu Dongtao , Chen Wei
Published: October 2024

Previous reports had shown that the survival rate of total mastectomy (TM) was better than that of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). This study established survival prediction models for T1 LABC mastectomy and BCS, and obtained the risk factors for OS of different surgical procedures, so as to provide a basis for clinicians to individualized treatment.Cases with pathologically confirmed T1 breast cancer (BC) between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were identified. COX regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between LABC TM, BCS and each factor, and the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to determine the possible influencing factors. The significant factors from multivariate COX regression were included in the model and then the nomogram was drawn. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the model was drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC) and its 95% CI were calculated. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was performed. The results were validated in the validation group. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) of BCS were higher than those of TM. Age, race, histological grade, N stage, molecular typing, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) were correlated with 5-year OS of BCS, and age, race, pathological type, histological grade, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2) status, N stage, molecular typing, chemotherapy and RT were related to 5-year OS of TM. The predictive nomogram was established using the above predictors, and the AUC of the modeling group was 0.743 (BCS 5-year OS) and 0.718 (TM 5-year OS), respectively. All models were well validated in the validation group. This study found that the survival rate of BCS group was better than that of TM group, and it indicated the effect of tumor size on BCS survival, while lymph node status was not a risk factor for BCS, BCS could be considered for LABC patients with small masses and more lymph node metastases. However, the risk of death after BCS in patients with N3, triple-negative and upper-inner quadrant primary tumors was higher than that in other groups, and BCS should be cautious in these patients.
Effective Early Kangaroo Mother Care Coverage and Associated Factors Among Low- Birth-Weight Neonates in Selected Hospitals in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Ireso Beyene Roba , Estifanos Abiy Seifu , Mariam Damen Haile , Chan Grace J.
Published: October 2024

Background: Each year, 2.3 million neonates die, with over one million of these deaths occurring within the first 24 hours of birth. Preterm birth is contributing to over 50% of all neonatal deaths. Initiating Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) immediately after birth, rather than waiting for stabilization, can reduce neonatal mortality by 25%. However, in Ethiopia, as of 2021, only 5%-10% of eligible premature newborns received any form of KMC. If the utilization of effective KMC remains low, mortality rates among preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are likely to remain higher than optimal.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted using existing data to determine effective early KMC (eKMC) coverage. A total of 599 eligible low-birth-weight newborns were included in the data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Result: The study included 599 of 705 neonates with birth weight <2,000g born or referred to selected hospitals between March 2017 and March 2019, all alive and not referred out within 24 hours. Among these eligible neonates, only 8.9% received effective eKMC, 20.5% received early any skin-to-skin (STS) care, and 64.6% were exclusively breastfed. Caesarean section delivery was associated with lower odds of effective eKMC compared to vaginal delivery (AOR ‘adjusted odd ratio’ = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.05-0.89), with birth order, multiple births, gestational age at time of delivery, birth weight, delivery mode, household income, and religion adjusted. Infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1,500g) had significantly lower odds of receiving effective eKMC compared to those with LBW (1,500-2,000 grams) (AOR=0.099 ;95% CI: 0.022-0.44), while infants born at nine months or later and single births were more likely to receive effective eKMC compared to premature and multiple births (twins or triplets), with (AOR = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.17-9.6) and (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.8-11.1), respectively.
Conclusion: Our study found a low coverage of effective eKMC. Household income, mode of delivery, birth weight, gestational age at the time of delivery, and multiple births were significantly associated with uptake of effective eKMC.
Analysis of exposure status and influencing factors of sharp injury at a third-class specialist hospital in 2019-2022
Authors: Ji Yuanyi , Liu Xiaoling , Song Guishuang , Liu Qiaolan , Cheng Yongzhong , He Ruixin
Published: October 2024

Objective
To learn the current situation of medical staff's exposure to sharp injuries in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, analyze its influencing factors, improve the awareness of protection, and reduce the risk of exposure to sharp injuries.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on the data related to occupational exposure in a top-three hospital from 2019 to 2022. This study carried out statistical description, single factor analysis and multi-factor analysis from the aspects of gender, years of service, occupation, exposure department and so on.
Results
From 2019 to 2022, 151 cases of occupational exposure and 115 cases (76.16%) of sharp injuries occurred in the hospital. There were significant differences in age (P < 0.001), years of service (P = 0.04) and years of exposure (P = 0.02), but no statistically significant differences among medical personnel in occupation (P = 0.52), exposure location (P = 0.52) and exposure department (P = 0.59). The results of multi-factor analysis showed that: Medical personnel with 1 to 5 years of service had a lower risk of sharp injuries than those with less than 1 year of service (OR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.09 ~ 0.76). In 2021, when the COVID-19 epidemic is high, the risk of sharp injuries among medical personnel is higher than that of medical personnel in 2019 (OR = 4.32, 95%CI: 1.23 ~ 18.25). In addition, the main exposure site of sharp instrument injury was the hand, and the blood pathogen of the source patients was mostly HBV. Sharp injuries mainly occur after needle removal, when sorting items and in the process of treating patients. The medical workers who had occupational exposure were followed up, and no cases of infection due to occupational exposure were found.
Conclusion
The hospital should strengthen occupational protection training and standardize occupational operations for medical staff with short working years Pay attention to the physical and mental health of medical personnel and strengthen training during the outbreak of emergencies to effectively reduce the incidence of sharp injuries.
Differences in the responsiveness of insulin counter-regulatory hormones to hypoglycemia between obese and non-obese male patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Huang Rong , Bao Yujie , Xiong Yuanli , Ma Jianhua , Ding Bo
Published: October 2024

Obesity is associated with both high and low levels of hypoglycemia, and impairment of counter-regulatory hormones may predispose individuals to hypoglycemia. This study aimed to explore differences in the responsiveness of insulin counter-regulatory hormones to hypoglycemia between men with or without obesity who have been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study enrolled 25 men newly diagnosed with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism between January 2022 and December 2022. All participants were treated with intensive insulin pump therapy to achieve glycemic control within one week, then a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp was used to evaluate insulin counter-regulatory hormones for hypoglycemia. Based on the body mass index, 10 and 15 patients were included in the obese and non-obese groups, respectively. During the hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp test, the obese group showed a significant lower multiple of adrenocorticotropic hormone elevation than the non-obese group (P = 0.040). Regarding the proportion of hormone response multiples reaching the target, those who reached the reaction multiple were lower in the obese group than those in the non-obese group, although the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The responses of insulin counter-regulatory hormones to hypoglycemia in men with obesity and newly diagnosed T2DM were significantly lower than those in men with T2DM but without obesity.
Evaluation and Prioritization of Food Safety Risks in the Nigerian Red Meat Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study on Public Health Implications and Industry-Wide Practices
Authors: Odetokun Ismail Ayoade , Olawoye Damilola Christiana , Bakare Akeem Adebola , Isola Tajudeen Opeyemi , Alhaji Nma Bida , Abiodun-Adewusi Oluwadamilola Olawumi , Adewoye Taiwo Adeniyi , Cisse Hamma , Ghali-Mohammed Ibraheem
Published: October 2024

Food safety is a global concern, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, where foodborne diseases are prevalent. Hence, this study aims to identify and rank food safety priorities in the red meat industry in Ilorin, Northcentral Nigeria, to improve industry practices and public health outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 600 respondents working in various roles within the red meat industry, including butchers, meat traders, veterinarians, and others. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered over eight months in ten slaughterhouses and slaughter slabs in Ilorin. The study assessed knowledge about and major concerns on food safety and ranked these concerns based on perceived importance by the respondents. The study revealed that 91.2% of respondents were aware of food safety, though only 37.8% had received formal training. However, 90.7% of respondents were unaware of contamination risks during carcass transportation, and there were inconsistencies in the application of sanitation practices. Respondents ranked ante-mortem inspection as the most critical concern (54.0%), and abattoir sanitation (25.2%) as the least important concern. Sociodemographic factors such as age, years of experience, level of education, and role within the industry significantly influenced respondents' knowledge and prioritization of food safety issues. The findings indicate a need for a comprehensive training program tailored to the diverse roles within the red meat industry. Improvements in sanitation, transportation, storage, and regular inspections are recommended to enhance food safety standards. These help mitigate the risks associated with foodborne diseases, albeit improving the quality of red meat products.
Anti-cockroach Activities of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Petiveria alliacea Extracts
Authors: Olaniran Oladele Abiodun , Elegbede Joseph Adetunji , Lateef Agbaje , Adebayo Timothy Abiodun , Gueguim-Kana Evariste Bosco , Beukes Lorika Selomi , Matyumza Ntombozuko , Alao Fatai Olaitan
Published: October 2024

Background
This study was conducted with a view to biosynthesize silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) using the root (PaR) and leaf (PaL) extracts of Petiveria alliacea and evaluation of their activities against cockroach which is a major household insect pest.
Methods
The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PaR-AgNPs and PaL-AgNPs were tested at three different concentrations (1, 5, 10% v/v) using two mode of applications (fumigant and contact toxicity) at different hours of exposure.
Results
The peak absorbance of the AgNPs occurred at the wavelengths of 426 and 442 nm for PaL-AgNPs and PaR-AgNPs respectively with the brownish colloidal solutions. FITR peaks indicated the presence of alkenes (= C-H-), esters (C = O), amides (N-H), and aliphatic amines (C-N) in the samples, while the TEM and EDX analyses showed the presence of silver in the AgNPs colloidal solution with the spherical nanoparticles ranging from 5.95–76.19 nm in size. Both AgNPs exhibited insecticidal action against adult cockroach, with the fumigant application exerting killing faster than the contact application. While 80–90% mortality of cockroach was observed through fumigant, the contact application resulted to 40–50% mortality after three hours of exposure at 10% v/v. These show that the effectiveness of the bio-fabricated AgNPs formulations depended on the concentrations, hours of exposure, and mode of application.
Conclusion
Therefore, silver nanoparticles based insecticides can be incorporated into the pest management program of household pests especially cockroach.
The effect of different Chlormequat chloride concentrations on bacterial diversity in peanut soil
Authors: Lin Qiujun , Wu Xianxin , Guo Chunjing , Li Lina , Peng Tianshu , Zou Xun , Li Guang , Wang Jianzhong
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the influence of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride on the diversity of soil bacteria in peanuts. Experimental data shows that with the increase of concentration, OTU shows a decreasing trend. The OTUs at low concentration (D, 6 g ai/ha), medium concentration (M, 9 g ai/ha), and high concentration (g, 12 g ai/ha) are 5583, 5430, and 3910, Respectively. At low concentrations of chlormequat chloride slightly affected the composition and relative abundance of soil bacterial communities, while high concentrations significantly inhibited the diversity. Specifically, under D treatment, the bacterial populations of Bacillus, Massilia, Gemmatimonas, Variovorax, Sphingomonas, and Arenimonos showed specific changes in abundance or activity. Under G treatment, a significant decrease in the number of bacterial species and a shift in dominant species were observed. The results demonstrated a clear concentration-dependent relationship between chlormequat chloride and soil bacterial diversity, highlighting the potential ecological impacts on the peanut soil ecosystem.These findings provide valuable insights for understanding the effects of chlormequat chloride on soil microbial environments and have important implications for sustainable agricultural practices.The results indicated that different concentrations of CC can enhance the richness and diversity of peanut rhizosphere microbial communities, with low concentrations indicating the most optimal effects.
The Mediating Role of Fasting Ghrelin Serum Levels in the Association between Obesity and Depressive Symptoms – a pre-registered analysis
Authors: Witte Veronica , Endres Konrad , Lammer Laurenz , Beyer Frauke , Jensen Daria , Wittekind Dirk , Löbner Margrit , Villringer Arno , Sacher Julia
Published: October 2024

Ghrelin, a hunger-related gut hormone, may contribute to higher risk of depression in obesity. Despite animal studies suggesting antidepressant effects of circulating ghrelin, human studies remain inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between obesity, ghrelin serum levels, and depressive symptoms in a large population-based cohort.
Assessments of the LIFE-Adult cohort (n = 6037, 18-82 years) included self-administered questionnaires to evaluate depressive symptoms (CES-D and IDS-SR), anthropometric measurements to calculate body mass index (BMI), measurements of fasting ghrelin serum levels via radioimmunoassay (n = 1089), and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess hippocampal volume (n = 1080). Statistical analyses were pre-registered (https://osf.io/y7sbx) and included linear regression that were controlled for physiological and psychosocial confounders.
Accordingly, higher BMI predicted more frequent depressive symptoms (β = 2.033, p < 0.001) and lower fasting serum ghrelin (β = -0.622, p < 0.001). Ghrelin however did not correlate with depressive symptoms in obesity (n = 263, β = 0.123, p = 0.918). Exploratory analyses revealed links between ghrelin and eating-related depressive symptoms and that higher BMI was more strongly linked to depressive symptoms in females compared to males. No significant association between ghrelin and hippocampal volume was identified.
In this pre-registered analysis in a large, well-characterized sample, ghrelin was not associated with the overall severity of depressive symptoms in participants living with obesity. Future studies using more specific ghrelin assessments and clinical samples could help to elucidate the relationship between ghrelin, obesity, and depression.
Unusual cell surfaces, pili and archaella of Thermoplasmatales archaea investigated by cryoEM
Authors: Daum Bertram , Gaines Mathew , Isupov Michail , McLaren Mathew , Haque Risat , Recalde Alejandra , Bargiela Rafael , Gold Vicki , Albers Sonja-Verena , Golyshina Olga , Golyshin Peter
Published: October 2024

Archaea of the order Thermoplasmatales push the boundaries of our current knowledge of prokaryotic life. They show distinct cellular plasticity, heterogenous cell morphologies and lack a paracrystalline S-layer. As the S-layer has previously been implicated in acting as a stator scaffold for filaments driving cellular propulsion, particularly archaella, we asked whether the absence of an S-layer precludes the formation of functional archaella or pili in Thermoplasmatales. Using cryoEM, we investigated the two Thermoplasmatales species Cuniculiplasma divulgatum and Oxyplasma meridianum and found that they indeed generate pili and archaella that likely function in biofilm formation and cellular propulsion. While C. divulgatum produces pili with terminal hooks using a unique assembly machinery, O. meridianum generates wide, “barbed” archaella with an unusually high degree of glycosylation. Our results show that for the generation of functional archaella and pili, a canonical S-layer is not necessary.