bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-World Effectiveness of a Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccines among Japanese University Students
Authors: Miyauchi Shunsuke , Hiyama Toru , Nakano Yukiko , Yoshida Mahoko , Yoshino Atsuo , Miyake Yoshie , Okamoto Yuri
Published: August 2022

With the spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), missing learning opportunities due to COVID-19 has been raised as a major concern for university education. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines among Japanese university students during the spread of the Omicron variant. We enrolled 249 students who became a close contact and 294 COVID-19-infected students though the Hiroshima University COVID-19 registration system. Infection rates of people in close contact with sick individuals and symptoms of infected students were examined. Close contacts who had received a booster dose showed a significantly lower infection rate (31%) compared with those with two doses (50%, p = 0.02) and the unvaccinated (71%, p = 0.002). Age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios of receipt of a booster dose vs. two doses and unvaccinated were 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.70, p = 0.001) and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.25–0.77, p = 0.004), respectively. The incidence of severe fever (38.5°C or higher) was significantly less prevalent in those with a booster dose (16%) compared with two doses (40%, p = 0.002) and those who were unvaccinated (75%, p < 0.0001). Booster doses reduced infection rates among close-contact students and can help students to avoid missing learning opportunities.
Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effect of the Recombinant 14-3-3 and Major Antigen Proteins of Strongyloides stercoralis against an Infection by S. venezuelensis
Authors: Sánchez-Palencia Liz , Trelis María , López-Abán Julio , Galiano Alicia , Vicente Belén , del Olmo Esther , Muro Antonio , Bernal Dolores , Marcilla Antonio
Published: August 2022

Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, is a neglected parasitic disease that represents a serious public health problem. In immunocompromised patients, this parasitosis can result in hyperinfection or disseminated disease with high levels of mortality. In previous studies, the mRNAs encoding for the 14-3-3 and major antigen proteins were found to be expressed at high levels in S. stercoralis L3 larvae, suggesting potential key roles in parasite-host interactions. We have produced them as recombinant proteins (rSs14-3-3 and rSsMA) in a bacterial protein expression system. The serum levels of anti-rSs14-3-3 and anti-rSsMA IgGs are increased upon infection with S. venezuelensis, validating the use of the mouse model since the native 14-3-3 and MA proteins induce an immune response. Each recombinant protein was formulated in the adjuvant adaptation (ADAD) vaccination system and injected twice, subcutaneously, in CD1 mice that were experimentally infected with 3000 S. venezuelensis L3 to evaluate their protective and immunomodulatory activity. Our results, including the number of parthenogenetic females, number of eggs in stool samples and the analysis of the splenic and intestinal indexes, show that the vaccines did not protect against infection. The immunization with rSs14-3-3 induced changes in the cytokine profile in mice, producing higher expression of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-13 and TNF-α in the spleen, suggesting a Th2/Treg-type response with an increase in TNF-α levels, confirming its role as an immunomodulator.
Multimodal Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System Is Safe and Is a Potential Cancer Treatment for Cats
Authors: Munday John S. , Odom Thomas , Dittmer Keren E. , Wetzel Sarah , Hillmer Katharina , Tan Swee T.
Published: August 2022

The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in cancer growth and progression is well recognized in humans. However, studies on RAS inhibition with a single agent have not shown consistent anticancer effects, potentially due to the neoplastic cells utilizing alternative pathways for RAS activation. To achieve more complete RAS inhibition, multimodal therapy with several medications that simultaneously block multiple steps in the RAS has been developed for use in humans. In the present study, the safety of multimodal RAS inhibition using atenolol, benazepril, metformin, curcumin, and meloxicam was assessed in six cats with squamous cell carcinomas. Cats were treated for 8 weeks, with blood pressure measured and blood sampled five times during the treatment period. None of the cats developed hypotension, azotemia, or increased serum liver enzyme concentrations. The packed cell volume of one cat decreased to just below the reference range during treatment. One cat was reported to have increased vomiting, although this occurred infrequently. One cat was withdrawn from the study due to difficulties administering the medications, and another cat died of an unrelated cause. Two cats were euthanatized during the study period due to cancer progression. Two cats completed the 8-week study period. One was subsequently euthanized due to cancer progression while the other cat is still alive 32 weeks after entering the study and is still receiving the multimodal blockade of the RAS. This is the first evaluation of multimodal blockade of the RAS in veterinary species. The study showed that the treatment is safe, with only mild adverse effects observed in two treated cats. Due to the small number of cats, the efficacy of treatment could not be evaluated. However, evidence from human studies suggests that a multimodal blockade of RAS could be a safe and cost-effective treatment option for cancer in cats.
Ultrasonographic Detected Adrenomegaly in Clinically Ill Cats: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Oliveira João , Dias Maria Joana , Fontes Ana Paula , Englar Ryane E. , Vicente Gonçalo , Ferreira Rui Lemos , Galac Sara , Leal Rodolfo Oliveira
Published: August 2022

This retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of ultrasonographic detected adrenomegaly in clinically ill cats, evaluating the final established diagnosis, describe adrenal ultrasound findings and if the adrenomegaly was suspected or incidental. Abdominal ultrasonography reports of cats presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital between October 2018 and February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Cats showing adrenomegaly (one or both glands having a dorsoventral axis >4.8 mm) were selected and medical records respectively evaluated. Nine-hundred and eighty-three ultrasonographical reports were selected, of which, 68 (7%) disclosed adrenomegaly. European/Domestic Short-Hair (62/68; 91%) male (44/68; 65%) castrated (35/44; 80%) cats were overrepresented. Adrenomegaly was an incidental finding in 62/68 (91%) cats while in 6/68 (9%) it was identified in the context of investigating a potential adrenal disease. Concerning established diagnosis, chronic kidney disease was overrepresented (25/68; 37%), followed by endocrinopathies (20/68; 29%). Adrenomegaly was bilateral in 53% (36/68) of cases. In unilateral cases (32/68; 47%), it was more prevalent on the left side (23/32; 72%), with a normal-sized contralateral adrenal gland. Left adrenal demonstrated a larger size and a tendency to oval shape. This study assesses the prevalence of adrenomegaly in clinically ill cats, reinforcing it can be an incidental ultrasound finding.
The Setpoint Curve as a Tool for the Energy and Cost Optimization of Pumping Systems in Water Networks
Authors: León-Celi Christian F. , Iglesias-Rey Pedro L. , Martínez-Solano Francisco Javier , Mora-Melia Daniel
Published: August 2022

In water distribution networks, the adjustment of the driving curves of pumping systems to the setpoint curves allows for determining the minimum energy cost that can be achieved in terms of pumping. This paper presents the methodology for calculating the optimal setpoint curves in water networks with multiple pumping systems, pressure dependent and independent consumption, with and without storage capacity. In addition, the energy and cost implications of the setpoint curve are analyzed. Three objective functions have been formulated depending on the case study, one of minimum energy and two of costs that depend on whether or not the presence of storage tanks is considered. For the optimization process, two algorithms have been used, Hooke and Jeeves and differential evolution. There are two study networks: TF and Richmond. The results show savings of close to 10% in the case of the Richmond network.
Comparison of Urbanization, Climate Change, and Drainage Design Impacts on Urban Flashfloods in an Arid Region: Case Study, New Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Bassma Taher , Yassine Mohamad , Amin Doaa
Published: August 2022

Urban flooding is considered one of the hazardous disasters in metropolitan areas, especially for those located in arid regions. Due to the associated risks of climate change in increasing the frequency of extreme rainfall events, climate-induced migration to urban areas leads to the intensification of urban settlements in arid regions as well as an increase in urban expansion towards arid land outskirts. This not only stresses the available infrastructure but also produces substantial social instability due to unplanned urban growth. Therefore, this study sheds light on the main factors that are increasing the flood risk, through examining the consequences of rapid urban growth and the performance of drainage networks on urban flood volumes and comparing it with the effects induced by climate change on the surface runoff. The effect of urbanization is assessed through land use maps showing the historical urbanization conditions for the past 30 years, while considering the role of urban planning and its effect on exacerbating surface runoff. Six climate projection scenarios adopted from three Global Climate Models under two Representative Concentration Pathways (4.5 and 8.5) during the period (2006–2020) were compared to ground observed rainfall data to identify which climate scenario we are likely following and then evaluate its effects on the current rainfall trends up to the year 2050. The significance of the drainage design in the mitigation or increase of surface runoff is evaluated through capacity-load balance during regular and extreme storms. It is found that using impervious surfaces coupled with poor planning causing the blockage of natural flood plains led to an increase in the total runoff of about 180%, which is three times more than the effect induced by climate change for the same analysis period. Climate change decreased the intensities of 2- and 5-year rainfall events by 6% while increasing the intensities of extreme events corresponds to 100-year by 17%. Finally, the urban drainage had a distinguished role in increasing surface runoff, as 70% of the network performed poorly during the smallest rainfall event of 2-year return period. The study emphasizes the urgency to re-evaluate the existing and future urban drainage design approach: although urban development and climate change have inevitable effects on the increase in urban flood volumes, it could be alleviated through improved infrastructures.
Bioremediation of a Polluted Groundwater: Microbial Community Comparison of Treated and Untreated Aquifer through Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Pretto Patrizia , Sanseverino Isabella , Demichelis Francesca , Lotti Francesca , Lahm Armin , Garcia Perez Angela , Ricci Roberto , Lettieri Teresa
Published: August 2022

Bioremediation is an active process for the detoxification of polluted ambient media employing the metabolism of microbes, while natural attenuation relies on physical, chemical and biological processes occurring without human intervention. A shallow aquifer (A0) was treated using a bioremediation approach through the amendment of whey to detoxify the most abundant contaminants: 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA), perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). A deeper aquifer (A1), showing lower concentration of the contaminants, was left untreated. In A0, a concomitant decrease of more chlorinated molecules 1,1,2,2-TeCA, PCE and TCE and an increase of less halogenated molecules such as trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA), cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) were observed, suggesting that a reductive dechlorination took place. In contrast, the aquifer A1 did not show a significant decrease of contaminants during this period. A metagenomic approach (shot gun and 16S rRNA gene) was then used to investigate the microbial population of the two aquifers. A massive presence of the dehalogenator Dehalococcoides mccartyi (D. mccartyi) and a spectrum of different Geobacter species were detected in A0, after the treatment. The metagenome assembly of shotgun (SG) data further indicated a significant presence of methanogenic archaea, most likely from class Methanomassiliicoccales, at a level comparable to that of D. mccartyi. Instead, A1 was characterized by the species Burkholderia, Curvibacter and Flavobacterium. These results indicate that the autochthonous microbial consortia reflected the geochemistry of the two aquifers, with a dominant population thriving in an anoxic and nutrient rich environment implicated in reductive dehalogenation in A0 and a more diverse population, not able to decompose the pollutants, in A1.
Impact of Data Temporal Resolution on Quantifying Residential End Uses of Water
Authors: Bastidas Pacheco Camilo J. , Horsburgh Jeffery S. , Beckwith Arle S.
Published: August 2022

Residential water end-use events (e.g., showers, toilets, faucets, etc.) can be derived from high temporal resolution (<1 min) water metering data. Past studies have collected data at different temporal resolutions (e.g., 4 s, 5 s, or 10 s) without assessing the impact of the temporal aggregation interval on end-use event features (e.g., volume, flowrate, duration) due to the unavailability of data at a sufficient temporal resolution to enable such analyses. We recorded the time between every magnetic pulse generated by a magnetically driven residential water meter’s measurement element (full pulse resolution) using a new, open-source datalogging device and collected data for two residential homes in Utah, USA. We then examined water use events without temporally aggregating data and compared to the same data aggregated at different time intervals to evaluate how temporal resolution of the data affects our ability to identify end-use events, calculate features of individual events, and classify events by end use. Our results show how collecting full pulse resolution data can provide more accurate estimates of event occurrence, timing, and features along with producing more discriminative event features that can only be estimated from full pulse resolution data to make event classification easier and more accurate.
Characteristics of the Rongcheng Bulge Geothermal Field and the Evolution of Geothermal Fluids, Xiong’an New Area, China
Authors: Zhang Hanxiong , Wang Guiling , Zhang Wei , Ma Feng , Zhu Xi , Yue Gaofan , Yu Mingxiao
Published: August 2022

The study of geothermal field characteristics and the mechanisms involved in the hydrogeochemical evolution of geothermal fluids is an effective means to understand the formation, reservoir conditions and circulation mechanics of geothermal resources. Documenting these parameters within the Rongcheng Bulge of Xiong’an New Area, China, is of great significance to its future development and utilization as a geothermal resource. In this paper, we investigate the hydrochemical characteristics of geothermal fluids and the rock thermal properties of the Rongcheng Bulge Reservoir and the surrounding rocks to identify the mechanisms of geothermal fluid genesis within the geothermal field. The results show that the geothermal water in the Rongcheng Bulge is mainly recharged by atmospheric rainfall. The thermal storage temperature at which the deep geothermal fluid is located ranges between 63 and 105 °C, whereas the depth of geothermal water circulation is between 1500 and 2700 m. Fluid exchange is weak during deep circulation, but as the geothermal fluid rises, the proportion of cold water mixed with the geothermal waters is 75–95%. The overall geothermal gradient of the carbonate thermal reservoir is significantly lower than that within the overburden and basement rocks, probably due to convection during the upward transport of groundwater in the reservoir. The geothermal fluid in the area of the Rongcheng Bulge is recharged by the Taihang Mountains and atmospheric precipitation. Following recharge and deep circulation, the fluids rise along fractures and by interlayer convection and are mixed with cold water to form the current, accessible geothermal water.
Parametric Optimisation of a Direct Liquid Cooling–Based Prototype for Electric Vehicles Focused on Pouch-Type Battery Cells
Authors: Larrañaga-Ezeiza Manex , Vertiz Navarro Gorka , Galarza Garmendia Igor , Fernandez Arroiabe Peru , Martinez-Aguirre Manex , Berasategi Arostegui Joanes
Published: August 2022

In this work, a numerical optimisation process is applied to improve the fluid dynamical aspect of an innovative direct liquid cooling strategy for lithium-ion–based HEV/EV. First, the thermofluidic numerical model of the battery cell defined by means of CFD computational tools was validated with experimental tests. Then, a comparison between different flow patterns was developed to analyse the influence of the fluid distribution geometry. Finally, a parametric multi-objective optimisation process was implemented arranged by a two-level full factorial design. Considering as input variables the height of the fluid, the number of cooling channels, the number of distributors, and the flow rate, the optimal relationship between the thermal performance of the battery cell, the volumetric energy density of the system, and the power consumption of the strategy was obtained. As a result, the energy density of the system was maximised, and the power consumption was reduced while keeping the cell temperature within the optimal range.
Growth and development of young sheep of Edilbaev breed under the conditions of farm in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Kostanay University of Engineering and Economics named after M. Dulatov, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Eseeva G. K. , Zhumadillaev N. K. ,   Republican Chamber of Sheep Breeders for Sheep Breeding of Meat and Fat Productivity, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Davletova A. M. ,   NAO “Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University”, Republic of Kazakhstan, Uralsk
Published: August 2022

The features of growth and development of young animals of Edilbaev breed obtained from sheep bred under the production conditions of the farm “Birzhanov” in the Auliekolsky area in the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been studied in the paper. In a comparative aspect the live weight was studied, the conformation features of the young sheep of Kazakh fat-tailed rough-haired and Edilbaev breeds were determined. Two groups of sheep were formed for the research: a control group (Kazakh fat-tailed rough-haired breed) and an experimental (Edilbaev breed) with 15 heads in each group. Studies have shown that with the same housing and feeding of animals of diff erent breeds, the gain in live weight was diff erent. The largest absolute gain in live weight was shown by young rams and young ewes of Edilbaev breed 11,3 and 10,0 kg, while young rams and young ewes of Kazakh fat-tailed rough-haired breed only 10,3 and 8,8 kg. The highest growth rate in sheep of the experimental groups was observed until the age of one month. In other age periods the growth rate was signifi cantly infl uenced by feeding conditions, however, in general, the growth rate of young animals was high. When studying the conformation features of the experimental young sheep, it was found that with age the conformation of the lambs of the experimental group changed in the same way as in the control group, however, high indices of blockness and massiveness allow us to state that the lambs of the experimental group have well-developed meat forms. Studies have shown that there is a significant difference in the experimental young animals of the compared groups in terms of live weight, body measurements and conformation indices in favor of sheep of Edilbaev breed.
Dual estimates in the economic and mathematical analysis of optimal solutions in crop production and animal husbandry
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev”, Russia, Kurgan region, Lesnikovo, Butyugina A. A. , Karmatskikh Yu. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev”, Russia, Kurgan region, Lesnikovo, Gorbunova E. E. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev”, Russia, Kurgan region, Lesnikovo, Nikulina S. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev”, Russia, Kurgan region, Lesnikovo, Kostomakhin M. N. ,   Federal Research Center Agro Engineering All Russian Institute of Mechanization, Russia, Moscow
Published: August 2022

Economic and mathematical analysis used in agriculture allows solving a wide range of problems. Such as optimization of the territorial organization of agricultural production taking into account the agro ecological properties of the land, establishment of rational sizes and structure of land ownership and land use, optimization of transformation and improvement of land, placement of crop rotations, increasing soil fertility, design of anti-erosion measures, modeling of the production process in crop production and animal husbandry. The purpose of the work was to study the dual estimates in the economic and mathematical analysis of optimal solutions in crop production and animal husbandry. The “Solution search” module in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor, used to solve optimization problems, allows you to get not only the optimal solution itself, but also information about the value of each resource, the sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in resource reserves, variations in the coeffi cients of the objective function and evaluate the contribution of each resource to profitability. These features provided by the package usually remain unused. Based on the considered example, it was shown how price fl uctuations can be calculated, as well as fl uctuations in crop yields and animal productivity, within which the optimal solution obtained, will be stable. Thus, the sustainability report generated by the “Solution Search” module in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor is a good tool for economic analysis of the optimal plan and allows you to estimate the result of making changes to it in advance.
The effectiveness of the probiotic additive from the microbiome of rumen of reindeer
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Dunyashev T. P.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the work was to study the microfl ora of the reindeer rumen, to isolate highly active strains with cellulolytic and antagonistic properties for the making of a new probiotic additive and its testing when used in the rations of lactating cows. The paper compares the chemical analysis of feed from various northern regions and determines the level of toxicity of the feed ration of reindeer of Nenets breed in the winter-spring and summer-autumn periods. The microbiome of the Nenets reindeer rumen was studied using NGS sequencing and T-RFLP analysis, the results were compared depending on seasonal variability, age and sex of animals. Bacteria from the rumen of reindeer with antagonistic properties against pathogens, as well as used as a source of cellulases and biodestructors of mycotoxins were isolated. As a result, a probiotic feed additive Rumit was developed based on these strains and the eff ect of feeding probiotic on the productivity and quality of milk of lactating cows was studied. It has been established that the probiotic additive Rumit is not inferior in its eff ectiveness to the previously tested probiotic Cellobacterin+. Its use in the rations of highly productive cows led to the increase in milk yield, the increase in the fat content of milk and the protein content in it compared with the control group. The obtained research materials indicate the expediency of introducing the probiotic additive into the rations of cattle in a dose of 40 g/head/day, which contributes to the increase in dairy productivity of cows, reducing feed expenditures per unit of production and increasing the economic effi ciency of milk production.
Lysine sulfate in compound feed for laying hens and the effectiveness of its use
Authors:   Federal State Budget Scientifi c Institution Federal Scientifi c Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Moscow region, Sergiev Posad, Egorov I. A. , Gushcheva-Metropolskaya A. B. ,   OOO “Evonik Chemistry”, Russia, Moscow region, Podolsk
Published: August 2022

Lysine of feed proteins is incorporated into tissue proteins without any preliminary changes. It is an indispensable precursor in the synthesis of collagen, participates in the formation of carnitine, which plays an important role in fat metabolism. Lysine activates hematopoiesis, promotes calcium absorption, and has a benefi cial eff ect on protein metabolism and the state of the nervous system. It is used in the synthesis of proteins necessary for the formation of skeletal tissues and enzymes, is an important component of several peptide hormones. The purpose of the work was to study the eff ect of compound feed with diff erent levels of sunfl ower and soybean meal with the addition of lysine in the form of sulfate on the productivity of laying hens. The eff ect of lysine sulfate on the productivity of laying hens and the quality of eggs was studied. The physiological and biochemical justifi cation of the possibility of its use in compound feed of diff erent structures was given. With an increase in the level of soy meal input into the feed to 15 % and the inclusion of lysine sulfate in the feed, the fat digestibility increased by 0,6 abs.%, nitrogen-free extractive substances by 1,4 abs.%. Lysine in the form of sulfate had a positive infl uence on the digestibility and use of essential nutrients in all experimental groups. The results of the production check confi rmed the zootechnical data obtained in the experiments and showed the economic effi ciency of using lysine sulfate in compound feed for laying hens of the industrial herd of the egg productivity. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of using lysine sulfate in compound feed for laying hens.
INFORMATION AND TECHNICAL AND FORENSIC PROBLEMS OF
IMPROVING THE ACTIVITIES OF EXPERT INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Zherebko Olexandr
Published: August 2022

The priority activity of state law enforcement agencies in combating crime and, in particular, investigating and solving serious crimes is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the actions of each of the participants in this process. An important role in the implementation of such a complex task of the state belongs to forensic institutions and their staff. The article is devoted to information and technical and forensic problems of improving the activities of forensic institutions. The conditions for the improvement and development of forensic activities are determined.
It is concluded that the study of the issues of using the modern scientific and technical potential of expert activity creates conditions for its improvement and development. This is largely due to the fact that the use of modern scientific and technological achievements in forensic activities, and with its help in the detection, investigation and prevention of crimes, does not occur automatically, but requires proper study and support.
Ways to improve forensic activities are defined: increasing the level of technical and forensic support for the disclosure, investigation and prevention of crimes; increasing the level of efficiency of the participation of employees of expert units in the conduct of investigative actions and operational-search activities; improvement of research activities for the development, development and implementation in practice of new technical and forensic tools, forensic methods and techniques; improvement of expert research methods, forensic accounting, analytical and organizational work based on the introduction of modern automated systems and technologies; generalization and dissemination of best practices and analysis of expert practice on the effectiveness of methodologies for the study of physical evidence, the use of methods of technical and forensic support for the disclosure, investigation and prevention of crimes; improving the selection, training and placement of employees of expert units, strengthening service and performance discipline; intensification of interaction between the expert service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine with otherdivisions of the internal affairs bodies, as well as with other law enforcement agencies, including at the interstate level.

Key words: expert, expert research, handwriting examination, examination of
documents, photo-portrait examination, examination of phonograms.
THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE MODERN WORLD AND ISSUES OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN ITS ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kryvak Tetyana
Published: August 2022

The role of forensic science and the work of an expert in the activities of the United Nations is considered. The author analyzes the main and most popular areas of involvement of forensic experts, the requirements for their qualifications, as well as guarantees for the protection of their activities. It is noted that the United Nations is increasingly emphasizing the importance of further increasing the role of forensic science in the administration of criminal justice and the need to further develop the international relations of forensic institutions in the world.

It is concluded that the considered United Nations approaches to the issues of forensic examination and examples of the use of forensic expertise in the activities of this Organization and the participating States in the implementation of the provisions of the United Nations Charter and international treaties are not exhaustive.

Every year the need for forensic experts at the level of the United Nations and other international organizations is increasing, including the need for specialists in new areas of forensic research. In addition, the requirements and standards for forensic experts are being tightened, taking into account the challenges of the time and realities, their methods of work are being improved, the principles of international cooperation are changing, which, in turn, will indicate an improvement in the quality of forensic activities in general.

Key words: forensic examination, forensic and expert field, United Nations.
THE ISSUE OF RECOGNITION AS A SOURCE OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OF ELECTRONIC (DIGITAL) DOCUMENTS
Authors: Samoilenko Olena , Cherdyntsev Yurii
Published: August 2022

Based on the analysis of the nature of electronic (digital) documents, the article defines the theoretical and practical aspects of recognizing digital documents as a source of evidence in criminal proceedings.

It is noted that the carriers of electronic documents can be documents or documents-tangible evidence in terms of procedural significance. I state that the issue of the unity of the content of an electronic document and its form (carrier) is important from the standpoint of the admissibility of an electronic document as evidence. The primary material carrier and the factual data that are of interest to the process of proof must form an inseparable unity, provided that such a carrier, by its procedural nature, is a material evidence document.

And such a unity of content and form is not necessary, provided that the carrier of computer data is a document by its procedural nature. Separate recommendations are formulated aimed at ensuring the admissibility of an electronic (digital) document as evidence, in particular:
1) the admissibility of a document as a source of evidence will depend on the accuracy of compliance with the requirements for formalizing the results of an investigative (detective) action, in particular, regarding the description of the content of computer data, their packaging, typographical errors, signing of packaging material, etc.;
2) law enforcement officers must perform all their actions in compliance with the rules apply specifically to the circulation of electronic (digital) documents;
3) for a subject that performs actions to obtain (copy) computer data, it is mandatory to use an electronic signature. This will significantly simplify the decision about proof of the reliability and authorship of the electronic (digital) document.

Attention is also focused on the problem of recognition as a source of evidence of electronic documents containing a copy of unstable computer data from cyberspace. Even though the law declares equal conditions for the use of the original electronic (digital) document and its copy in the process of proving, the subject of proof should be as responsible as possible for their proper certification and apply measures aimed at ensuring that the original source is preserved unchanged.

Key words: proof, admissibility, electronic (digital) document, electronic media, computer data, factual data.
Incorporating English Vocabulary Through the Use of Poster Media for Elementary School Students
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri , Fitriani Fifi Novita
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate how to incorporate English vocabulary among the third-grade students of MI NU Miftahul Huda 01 Karangmalang Gebog Kudus and its challenges. This study employed a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data were garnered through observation, interviews to the headmaster, teachers and students of MI NU Miftahul Huda 01 Karangmalang Gebog, and documentation. The results showed that the English vocabularies of students have significantly improved. It was evidenced by the enthusiastic response of students when participating in the learning process using poster media. In addition, through the use of poster media, students can easily memorize English vocabulary and its meanings on the poster media. Moreover, they are also able to pronounce English vocabulary. However, the obstacles of using poster media in teaching vocabulary include lack of motivation and confidence. This study offers an implication on the importance of using media in English language teaching particularly for young learners.
EFL STUDENTS� ENGAGEMENT IN SOCIAL NETWORK SITE- BASED LEARNING
Authors: Yunita Sri , Fajriah Yustika Nur , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: August 2022

Online learning is a choice to use in this current pedagogy. The most prominent power in online learning is the wide room for teachers to develop students engagement during the learning process. This study aims to figure out how students are engaged in online learning, to describe and examine in depth how they are engaging themselves in the online learning. This study employs a case study. The data were obtained from a collection of students chat and discussion in SNS. The data were obtained by observation, questionnaires and interviews. Observation data and questionnaires were analyzed by using Dixsons (2010, 2015) students engagement theory, which incorporates six engagement behaviors. As the analysis procedure, students chats and interview were analyzed inductively (Cresswell, 2012). The result shown that most of students were engaged in the online learning through the SNS application. Specifically, the engagement shown by the students to this simple application indicates that the impact of online learning on the students engagement is not determined by whether the platform used is high- or low.
Optimizing Prowriting to Enhance Writing in EFL Context
Authors: Khusnia Aulia Nisa'
Published: August 2022

This study aims at investigating educational technology in writing. Prowriting is one of the application that used to support writing. It is a systematic system to support writing. It covers grammar, style, and summary reports. Therefore, it essential to use Prowriting in writing class. The mixed-method as a research design on quantitative and qualitative. Parallel design where both of data taken concurrently. The students of the non- English department, 25 students of Akademi Farmasi Kusuma Husada Purwokerto got involved in this research. Writing criteria are also measured as interrater in this research. It results in the means of all requirements. Globally, Purpose, Audience, Coherence, and Unity are 2.46,2.3,2.3, 2.3, and 2.13. Besides, the writing captured from Prowriting is grammar, style, and spelling. Those are illustrated in the summary report. Moreover, it describes students' engagement, improved writing results, self-learning (learning at the own pace), and the educational technology system's progress.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY STUDENTS IN ONLINE CREATIVE WRITING CLASS AND THE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Nugraha Denny Satrya Andy , Listyani Listyani -
Published: August 2022

Writing is one of the main skills in learning English students should master. Creative Writing becomes one of the writing courses in the English Language Education Program (ELEP) of UKSW. This year, many institutes including UKSW conducted their learning by doing online classes. However, there may be some difficulties faced by students during their online classes. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the problems faced by the students in online Creative Writing class and the solutions to overcome those problems. Thus, the research questions of this study are “What are the problems that are faced by the students in online Creative Writing class?” and “How do the students overcome the problems?” Twenty-three participants were involved in this study which used a mix of open-ended and closed-ended items in the questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The participants were 2020 students of ELEP, UKSW, Indonesia. From the data from the study, it was found that the problems faced by the students in their online Creative Writing class were the course materials, bad internet connection, students’ motivation, and teachers’ unclear explanations. Besides that, there were also four strategies used by the students to faced their difficulties such as, finding better connections, asking friends or lecturers, doing self-motivation, and learning the material after class. The findings from this study are expected to be helpful for teachers to know the problems faced by the students in online Creative Writing classes.
Translation Equivalence of Locative Prepositional Phrases in the Political Biography of Suharto by RE Elson
Authors: Putra Pebri Prandika
Published: August 2022

This research aims to find out to find out the types of translation equivalence of Locative Prepositional Phrases and to know the most dominant types of translation equivalence of Locative Prepositional Phrases found in Biography Suharto : A Political Biography by. R.E Elson. The method used in this research is qualitative research with content analysis approach. The analysis shows that there are two types of translation equivalence in the in Biography Suharto : A Political Biography by. R.E Elson. The types of translation equivalence of Locative Prepositional Phrases found are both formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence as 130 data. The formal equivalence shows total data 45 data or 34,6 %. The dynamic equivalence show total data 85 data or 65,4 %. The source language-oriented formal equivalence is maintained by the translator in the target language. while dynamic equivalence is oriented towards the target language where the translator prioritizes a good structure in the target language.The data shows that the most dominant type of translation equivalence in Biography Suharto by. R.E Elson : A Political Biography is Dynamic Equivalence. It is indicated by a situation when the source language is translated more accurately using dynamic equivalent techniques so that readability and acceptability in the target language is much better.
FICTION WRITING IN WATTPAD AS A LEARNING MEDIA FOR IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING DEPARTMENT UNU PURWOKERTO
Authors: Faiza Dinar , Mayekti Meilina Haris
Published: August 2022

The research contains the analysis of the use of Wattpad  for  practicing  a fiction writing  as an alternative learning media and method to improve the students’ writing skills, It was conducted  in English Language Teaching Department, UNU Purwokert by taking 37 students as research object. This study used mix method approach by using qualitative and quantitative. Data collection was carried out  by purposive sampling where researchers collected data through pre-test and post-test, questionnaires and interview to 37 students. It aimed to perceive the improvement of students’ writing skill, the students’ perception about Wattpad in building writing habit, interest, motivation and confidence in writing. The result of study showed there are improvements in writing skill after treatment mainly in idea/imagination development, organization such as building plot, characterizations and conflict. For grammar wise, it showed the improvement in vocabulary, part of speech and tenses, The activity also stimulates students' motivation and confidence to learn English, especially in terms of writing. It affects to the classroom atmosphere between lecturers and students because the class becomes more lively and interactive.
MEANINGFUL LEARNING MODEL THROUGH CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING; THE IMPLEMENTATION IN ENGLISH SUBJECT
Authors: Mubarok Husni , Sofiana Nina , Kristina Diah , Rochsantiningsih Dewi
Published: August 2022

Teaching English in the Indonesian National Curriculum demands a change in the learning paradigm towards student-centered, participatory, and contextual learning. However, there are still many teachers who do not know the true nature of English learning. Thus, it causes problems in English language teaching. This research aims at 1) determining the learning process using meaningful learning through contextual teaching and learning, and 2) improving student learning outcomes after being taught using the learning model. This study was conducted at eighth grade of SMP Islam Pecangaan, Jepara regency in which it consisted of 18 students and one English teacher. The design was collaborative classroom action research with two cycles, where in each cycle consisting of four steps; planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The data were collected through observation, interview and test with qualitative and quantitative analysis. The finding indicated that the implementation of the meaningful learning model through CTL could 1) improve the students learning completeness from 44% in the first cycle to 89% in the second cycle, 2) improve the learning process carried out by teachers in the aspects of advance organizer, progressive differential, contextualization and constructivism, meaningful learning development, and evaluation, and 3) improve students learning outcomes in each cycle.
Jaringan Kereta Api sebagai Sarana Transportasi Pendukung Industri Perkebunan di Sumatera Timur: Peranan Deli Maatschappij dan Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij, 1881-1940
Authors: Muhajir Ahmad , Anwar Syaiful , Sumantri Pulung
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the history of railways as transportation support for the plantation industry in East Sumatra in the period 1881-1940. The history of railways in East Sumatra can not be separated from the history of Deli tobacco plantations since the beginning of the arrival of Nienhuys, which became the early era of Deli Maatschappij. Deli Maatschappij was the one who built the entire railroad network and all its facilities along the East Sumatra plantation belt area since the 19th century through its subsidiary named Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij (DSM). The method used is the historical method. A literature study conducted is to reconstruct the history of railways in East Sumatra collected from a number of historiographies. The results found that DSM has built a 553,223 km rail network along the plantation area of the east coast of Sumatra. The progress achieved by Deli Maatschappij and DSM can be said as a benchmark for the success of the plantation industry in East Sumatra. The existence of the plantation industry, the presence of private entrepreneurs, and the construction of the railroad network later greatly influenced the development of the city of Medan as a new business center with all the modern urban facilities that complement it.Keywords: transportation history, railways, Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij, East Sumatra plantations.
Sejarah Perkembangan Masjid Raya Kota Pematangsiantar, 1911-2017
Authors: Ginting Andres M. , Anita Sri Bunga
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the Pematangsiantar Grand Mosque as the oldest mosque in Pematangsiantar City and Simalungun Regency. This study uses a historical method consisting of stages: (1) heuristics; (2) verification; (3) interpretation; and (4) historiography. The data collection techniques are carried out by: (1) observation; (2) interviews;, (3) document studies; and (4) literature studies. The research results obtained that the Pematangsiantar Grand Mosque is a mosque that was built in 1911 on a 3.977 m2 land grant from the King of Pematangsiantar, namely King Sang Na Ualuh Damanik by the muslim community spearheaded by Panghulu Hamzah, Mr. Syeh H. Abdul Jabbar Nasution , dr. M. Hamzah Harahap Dja Aminuddin. The Grand Mosque has a primary building area of 716 m2 with a capacity of 1.106 people and has two floors. The mosque has parking facilities, parks, worship facilities, warehouses, luggage storage facilities, multipurpose halls, libraries, secretariat offices, air conditioners, multimedia sound systems, power plants/generators, bathrooms, ablution places, joglo or pavilion.Keywords: Pematangsiantar Grand Mosque; history; heritage.
Sejarah Kedatukan Urung Sepuluh Dua Kuta Hamparan Perak Kabupaten Deli Serdang, 1823-1946
Authors: Aini Nur , Asari Hasan , Zuhriah Zuhriah
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the history of Kedatuan Urung Sapuluh Dua Kuta Hamparan Perak. The establishment of Kedatuan Hamparan Perak originated from the migration made by Karo people. Those who originally lived in the highlands, moved to the lowlands. Some of the reasons are that the soil conditions in the lowlands are much more fertile than the highlands. In addition, in the Karo community, the king's son is required to migrate and also open a new kingdom outside of his father's power and kingdom, with the aim of making the power of their descendants be greater. This writing uses the historical writing method, with four stages, namely; heuristics, criticism or verification, interpretation and historiography. Based on the information the writer got, the arrival of the Karo people to the lowlands seemed to be welcomed by the Malays who inhabited the area. This is because there has always been a relationship between highland and lowland people, especially in terms of trade. Not only in the trade sector, but also in matters of marriage, religion and economy. Many Karo descendants are married or intermarried with Malays. During the time of the Aru Kingdom, many Karo people had settled and became residents who had embraced Islam, they married Malays. Generally, the Karo people who have settled in the lowlands have embraced Islam, the Islamization is carried out by the Malays.