bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Investigation in Pavement Layers and a New Nalculation Model
Authors: Aleksandrov A.S. , Smirnov A.V. , Semenova T.V.
Published: February 2019

The paper is devoted to the comparison results of experimental data and theoretical stress calculations (arising in pavement layers made from granular materials). The formulas of continuum mechanics and mechanics for granular materials and mathematical dependences, got in accordance with engineering calculation method, were taken as a calculation model. The experimental stress values, measured by Steven B.D. using ring stand (University of Canterbury), were applied as a standard. The ring stand ley us employ moving loads to the stand segments with pavement constructed over the ring stand. It was discovered that the best match of values of experimental and calculation data is got by stress computing based on formulas of mechanics for granular materials (M.E. Harr or I.I. Kandaurov) or continuum mechanics, but with O.C. Frohlich parameter added to С.R. Foster, R.G. Ahlvin and H.H. Ulery’s formula. This Frohlich parameter can be taken as a material parameter. In the conclusion the authors show the way of modification of the well-known approaches in mechanics for granular materials. This new way makes possible to calculate minimum principal stress σ3.The modified mathematical relationships of principal stress calculation can be used in models for elastic, plastic, elastic-plastic deformation calculations and in conditions of plasticity.
Method for Construction of Forming Limit Diagram by Using Reference Mechanical Characteristics of the Metal
Authors: Feoktistov S.I. , Soe Kyaw Zayar
Published: February 2019

The method for construction of forming limit diagram can create without labor-intensive tests to construct this diagram by using reference mechanical characteristics of the metal. The method is based on the geometric failure criterion of without defects isotropic thin-sheet workpieces, and the properties of the strain hardening curves third kind. Simplify, construction of FLD-diagram without carrying out labor-intensive tests is the main advantage of the offered method.
The Strain of a Plane Sampleat the Homogeneous Field of the Strain Rates under the Plane Strain Conditions
Authors: Grigorieva A.L. , Grigoriev Y.Y. , Khromov A.I.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we obtained analytical solutions of the fields of strain tensors under uniaxial tension of a rigidplasticstrip underthe conditions of a plane stress state.The topicalityof the construction of these solutions is connected with significant difficulties in determining the strain fields by numerical methods (for example, the finite element method).In the construction of these solutions, the change in the geometric characteristics of the strip (thickness, width) was taken into account, which led to the solution of the nonlinear problem of the continuum mechanics.
Fields of a Finite Strain Tensor in the Neighborhood of Discontinuity of the Velocity Field of Displacements under Axisymmetric Strain
Authors: Kozlova O.V. , Zharikova E.P. , Khromov A.I.
Published: February 2019

The problem of the distribution fields of a finite strain tensor in the neighborhood of points of discontinuities of speeds of movements under axisymmetric strain conditions is considered. The Almansi finite strain tensor is a measure of deformation, the motion of points of discontinuities is assumed to be given from the solution of the problems strain bodies taking into account change geometry of the free surface. The relations defining fields of a tensor the finite strains are obtained by integrating the system of equations, binding components of The Almansi finite strain tensor and strain rate tensor along the trajectory of the movement of the material particles. At the same time features of the displacement velocity field are considered in the form of cross points of characteristics of indicial equations which define displacement velocity field (center of the fan of characteristics for a deformation case in axisymmetric deformation of ideal rigid-plastic bodies conditions). The limiting trajectories of the motion of particles contracting to the discontinuity point are considered.
Influence of Alternating Current Frequency on Output Voltage at Electromagnetic Method of Metal Control
Authors: Kuzeev I.R. , Valiev A.S. , Pivovarov V.Yu.
Published: February 2019

The equipment of oil refineries and other hazardous production facilities operate under high pressures and temperatures. Such operation conditions require continuous control and equipment remaining operation life period assessment. The existing methods of diagnostics are based on probabilistic remaining life assessment and use data regarding wall thickness variation during the operation process. The present article presents the method of accumulated damage assessment and its approximation to the limiting state, based on electromagnetic processes studying by means of eddy current control method. The main purpose of studies was determination of optimal value of input signal frequency, which could the most informative for determination of regularity of electric signal parameters change depending on the level of accumulated damages. Steel grade 09Г2С samples were used as the subject of studies. The samples were exposed to static tension under constant rate and during the process of samples deformation we measured the value of electric signal under three frequencies: 100 Hz, 10 kHz, and 1 MHz Based on the obtained results we prepared output signal voltage-relative elongation dependencies, which showed that accumulation of plastic deformations in metal leads to reduction of signal amplitude. Particularly interesting was dependence under 1 MHz frequency, under which electromagnetic processes occur in subsurface and surface layers. This dependence was of some regular nature, which was described by means of the sinusoidal function. Graph of the obtained function qualitatively describes the experimental dependence. On the basis of obtained results we can make a conclusion that optimal input signal frequency is within megahertz range, under which difference between the sinusoidal function graph and the empirical curve is minimum.
Mathematical Model Approach to the Solidification of Different Geometry Ingots and the Development of Shrinkage Defects in them
Authors: Rutsky Dmitry V. , Zyuban N.A. , Gamanyuk S.B.
Published: February 2019

A mathematical modeling approach as well as experimental data analysis have made it possible to establish significant factors affecting the relative diameter of the axial porosity zone. The minimal values of this parameter determine if the ingot can be used for the fabrication of rolled steel rods over 300 mm in diameter, because chill extensive axial defects prevent from producing high quality bars of a large diameter. Commercial information analysis and experimental results have enabled to develop a model relating the axial porosity zone dimension, ingot geometry and process parameters of teeming 6.61 ton and 7.0 ton ingots. The improvement of the model obtained has enabled to establish that the axial porosity zone is primarily affected by the following factors: hot top size, slenderness ratio, the H/D ratio and insulation heat capacity. When these parameters are controlled to reduce the relative diameter of the axial porosity zone, the number of shrinkage defects decreases and the quality of large diameter rolled steel becomes better. The proposed ingot geometry improves the direction of the advance of the metal solidification front to the ingot thermal center, located in the hot top. Besides, the solidifying metal is better fed with the hot top melt.
Measurement of Sphericity Using Different Basic Spheres
Authors: Grechnikov F.V. , Kochetkov A.V. , Zakharov Oleg V.
Published: February 2019

The problem of measuring sphericity is often encountered in technology. At the same time, the use of various spheres as a base still causes discussion in metrology. Therefore, the article considers three options: Least Square Sphere, Minimum Zone Sphere, Minimax Sphere. The first two methods are known, and the latter method is proposed by the authors. A calculation is made for known test data and experiments for closed and unclosed areas of the sphere. Three schemes of location of control points on the sphere are investigated. The above results made it possible to give recommendations on the application of methods for measuring sphericity in practice.
Modeling the Propagation of Elastic Ultrasonic Waves in Isotropic and Anisotropic Materials when Excited by Various Sources
Authors: Khon H. , Bashkov O.V. , Zolotareva S.V. , Solovev Denis B.
Published: February 2019

This work is devoted to the investigation of the characteristics of acoustic emission waves to establish their relations with the parameters of the fracture of the structure of the material. The paper presents the results of the analysis of acoustic emission signals recorded during the propagation of ultrasonic waves in metal sheet materials using piezoelectric sensors. The specimen was a rectangular aluminum plate. The piezoelectric sensor recorded acoustic emission signals generated by the Hsu-Nielsen source. The piezoelectric sensor is located in the center of the aluminum plate. Then sources are generated with different hardness to model various kinds of cracks at each specific location. To determine the informative component of a useful acoustic emission signal, the Morlet wavelet transformation was used. When excited by a fracture pencils of different hardness, the magnitude of the wavelet differ in the energy and intensity of the spectrogram.
Study of the Possibility of Estimating the Size of the Fractional-Dimensional Surface Layer by Electromagnetic Methods
Authors: Kuzeev I.R. , Pivovarov V.Yu.
Published: February 2019

It is known that the surface of a solid body and its volume part are different forms of the same substance. There is a hypothesis about the presence of a transition fractional-dimensional layer, which is the "limiter" of the volume from the surface. It is assumed that this layer is able to store information about changes in the surface and internal structures of the solid. The origin of defects, leading to destruction, in most cases begins in the surface and surface layers of the metal. In this regard, the existence of fractional-dimensional layer as a subsurface structure, which has information about the properties of the whole solid, is of particular importance in the detection of possible critical defects. In order to test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted based on measuring the magnetic field strength of a steel plate (25x25x2 mm) when its thickness was changed. With the help of sandpaper, one side of the plate was swamped, and the second remained unchanged. The measurements of the magnetic field strength components were carried out on both sides with the plate thickness decreasing by 0.08-0.1 mm from 2.0 to 0.3 mm. Applying a linear approximation to the obtained dependence of the average tangential component of the magnetic field on the plate thickness, it was found that the extrapolated approximation line comes to a point close to zero (0.01 mm). It was assumed that the value 0.01 determines the preliminary value of the fractional-dimensional layer. Such an experiment was carried out for the first time, so the results obtained so far will undoubtedly become the basis for further research in this area.
Development of Methodological Support for the Study of Materials’ Air Permeability
Authors: Sheromova I.A. , Zheleznyakov A.S.
Published: February 2019

The object of research of the article is the methodological and technical support for the process of studying the characteristics of ergonomic properties of materials used in the manufacture of garments, and the subject – the method for the determination of textile materials’ air permeability. The aim of the work is to simplify the method for determination of fibrous materials’ air permeability and to expand the technological capabilities of its instrument base while increasing the flexibility of the control procedure. To achieve this goal, the tasks related to the analysis of existing methods and technical means, and the development of a new method for determining the air permeability of textile materials were solved. The principal difference in the developed method is the possibility to conduct studies on the air permeability of textile materials at different levels of pressure drop on both sides of the sample, and not only in accordance with the standardized requirements. An additional advantage of the method is the possibility to create an online electronic database on the properties of materials. In comparison with analogues, the proposed method for the determination of air permeability ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data obtained, as well as facilitates the testing process by automation.
Diagnosting of the Predestruction Condition of Metal Constructions Elements
Authors: Gulyaev V.P. , Petrov P.P.
Published: February 2019

Stability of the stress-strain state of structural steel, aluminum and copper alloys samples subjected to long-term (more than 5 years) static loads of various levels by X-ray diffractometry was established. The results of determining the state of pre-destruction from the change in the characteristics of the diffraction profile are described and discussed. It has been shown experimentally that the load-carrying capacity of metal constructions under static operating loads developing elastic stresses in the area of their concentration, within the limits up to σ = 0,4... 0,5σ0.2, does not decrease.
Composite Sorbent Filter Material on the Basis of Man-Caused and Minerals
Authors: Ignatkina Daria O. , Moskvicheva E.V. , Voytyuk A.A.
Published: February 2019

It is about problems in purification of industrial wastewater and utilization of solid wastes as raw materials resources which are needed a scientific way of studying. The way of generation composite granular sorbent filter material on the basis of man-caused and minerals, using which is allowed to increase ecological safety food industry enterprise because of using waste conversion technique, as well modern methods of sorption purification , is offered and described here. A detailed chemical composition, which consists of tobacco dust and natural component as bentonitic clay, using for getting granular sorbent filter material, is studied. They studied real industrial wastewater to make researches for the detection residual impurity in the filtrate using composite granular sorbent filter material.
Tonic Signaling and Its Effects on Lymphopoiesis of CAR-Armed Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Albert Susann , Koristka Stefanie , Gerbaulet Alexander , Cartellieri Marc , Arndt Claudia , Feldmann Anja , Berndt Nicole , Loureiro Liliana R. , von Bonin Malte , Ehninger Gerhard , Eugster Anne , Bonifacio Ezio , Bornhäuser Martin , Bachmann Michael P. , Ehninger Armin
Published: February 2019

Long-term survival of adoptively transferred chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) T cells is often limited. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transduced to express CARs could help to overcome this problem as CAR-armed HSCs can continuously deliver CAR+ multicell lineages (e.g., T cells, NK cells). In dependence on the CAR construct, a variable extent of tonic signaling in CAR T cells was reported; thus, effects of CAR-mediated tonic signaling on the hematopoiesis of CAR-armed HSCs is unclear. To assess the effects of tonic signaling, two CAR constructs were established and analyzed 1) a signaling CAR inducing a solid Ag-independent tonic signaling termed CAR-28/ζ and 2) a nonstimulating control CAR construct lacking intracellular signaling domains termed CAR-Stop. Bone marrow cells from immunocompetent mice were isolated, purified for HSC-containing Lin−cKit+ cells or the Lin−cKit+ Sca-1+ subpopulation (Lin−Sca-1+cKit+), and transduced with both CAR constructs. Subsequently, modified bone marrow cells were transferred into irradiated mice, in which they successfully engrafted and differentiated into hematopoietic progenitors. HSCs expressing the CAR-Stop sustained normal hematopoiesis. In contrast, expression of the CAR-28/ζ led to elimination of mature CAR+ T and B cells, suggesting that the CAR-mediated tonic signaling mimics autorecognition via the newly recombined immune receptors in the developing lymphocytes.
Cutting Edge: Dysregulated Endocannabinoid-Rheostat for Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Activation in a Systemic Lupus Endophenotype
Authors: Rahaman Oindrila , Bhattacharya Roopkatha , Liu Chinky Shiu Chen , Raychaudhuri Deblina , Ghosh Amrit Raj , Bandopadhyay Purbita , Pal Santu , Goswami Rudra Prasad , Sircar Geetabali , Ghosh Parasar , Ganguly Dipyaman
Published: February 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by loss of tolerance toward self nuclear Ags. Systemic induction of type I IFNs plays a pivotal role in SLE, a major source of type I IFNs being the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Several genes have been linked with susceptibility to SLE in genome-wide association studies. We aimed at exploring the role of one such gene, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6), in regulation of IFN-α induction in SLE patients. We discovered a regulatory role of ABHD6 in human pDCs through modulating the local abundance of its substrate, the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG), and elucidated a hitherto unknown cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2)–mediated regulatory role of 2-AG on IFN-α induction by pDCs. We also identified an ABHD6High SLE endophenotype wherein reduced local abundance of 2-AG relieves the CB2-mediated steady-state resistive tuning on IFN-α induction by pDCs, thereby contributing to SLE pathogenesis.
Worklife by Occupation Physical Requirements: A Three-State Model
Authors: Rosenbaum David I. , Cushing Mathew J. , Baquet Daniel
Published: February 2019

Do workers in more physically demanding jobs have different worklives than those in more sedentary occupations? To answer this question, we link individual data from the Current Population Survey with occupation characteristics from the Occupational Information Network to categorize individuals into three mutually exclusive initial labor market states: inactive, or active in either a more or less physically demanding occupation. A three-state Markov model estimates worklives given transitions across states over time. There is not a significant difference in worklives between the two occupation groups, even when controlling for sex, age and education. Men and women initially in more physically demanding occupations can be expected to work just as long as their counterparts initially in less physically demanding occupations.
The INALT family – a set of high-resolution nests for the Agulhas Current system within global NEMO ocean/sea-ice configurations
Authors: Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus W. , Chanut Jérôme , Durgadoo Jonathan V. , Getzlaff Klaus , Harlaß Jan , Rieck Jan K. , Roth Christina , Scheinert Markus M. , Schubert René
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Agulhas Current, the western boundary current of the South Indian Ocean, has been shown to play an important role in the connectivity between the Indian and Atlantic oceans. The greater Agulhas Current system is highly dominated by mesoscale dynamics. To investigate their influence onto the regional and global circulations, a family of high-resolution ocean general circulation model configurations based on the NEMO code has been developed. Horizontal resolution refinement is achieved by embedding nests covering the South Atlantic and the western Indian oceans at 1/10° (INALT10) and 1/20° (INALT20) within global hosts with coarser resolutions. Nests and hosts are connected through two-way interaction, allowing the nests not only to receive boundary conditions from their respective host, but also to feed back the impact of regional dynamics onto the global ocean. A double-nested configuration at 1/60° resolution (INALT60) has been developed to gain insights into sub-mesoscale processes within the Agulhas Current system. Large-scale measures such as the Drake Passage transport and the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are rather robust among the different configurations indicating the important role of the hosts in providing a consistent embedment of the regionally refined grids into the global circulation. The dynamics of the Agulhas Current system strongly depend on the representation of mesoscale processes. Both, the southward flowing Agulhas Current and the northward flowing Agulhas Undercurrent increase in strength with increasing resolution towards more realistic values, which suggests the importance of improving mesoscale dynamics as well as bathymetric slopes along this narrow western boundary current regime. The exploration of numerical choices such as lateral boundary conditions and details of the implementation of surface wind stress forcing demonstrates the range of solutions within any given configuration.
Introducing the Probabilistic Earth-System Model: Examining The
Impact of Stochasticity in EC-Earth v3.2
Authors: Strommen Kristian , Christensen Hannah M. , MacLeod David , Juricke Stephan , Palmer Tim N.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. We introduce and study the impact of three stochastic schemes in the EC-Earth climate model, two atmospheric schemes and one stochastic land scheme. These form the basis for a probabilistic earth-system model in atmosphere-only mode. Stochastic parametrisations have become standard in several operational weather-forecasting models, in particular due to their beneficial impact on model spread. In recent years, stochastic schemes in the atmospheric component of a model have been shown to improve aspects important for the models long-term climate, such as ENSO, North Atlantic weather regimes and the Indian monsoon. Stochasticity in the land-component has been shown to improve variability of soil processes and improve the representation of heatwaves over Europe. However, the raw impact of such schemes on the model mean is less well studied, It is shown that the inclusion all three schemes notably change the model mean state. While many of the impacts are beneficial, some are too large in amplitude, leading to large changes in the model's energy budget. This implies that in order to keep the benefits of stochastic physics without shifting the mean state too far from observations, a full re-tuning of the model will typically be required.
A global lake and reservoir volume analysis using a surface water dataset and satellite altimetry
Authors: Busker Tim , de Roo Ad , Gelati Emiliano , Schwatke Christian , Adamovic Marko , Bisselink Berny , Pekel Jean-Francois , Cottam Andrew
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Lakes and reservoirs are crucial elements of the
hydrological and biochemical cycle and are a valuable resource for
hydropower, domestic and industrial water use, and irrigation. Although their
monitoring is crucial in times of increased pressure on water resources by
both climate change and human interventions, publically available datasets of
lake and reservoir levels and volumes are scarce. Within this study, a time
series of variation in lake and reservoir volume between 1984 and 2015 were
analysed for 137 lakes over all continents by combining the JRC Global
Surface Water (GSW) dataset and the satellite altimetry database DAHITI. The
GSW dataset is a highly accurate surface water dataset at 30 m resolution
compromising the whole L1T Landsat 5, 7 and 8 archive, which allowed for
detailed lake area calculations globally over a very long time period using
Google Earth Engine. Therefore, the estimates in water volume fluctuations
using the GSW dataset are expected to improve compared to current techniques
as they are not constrained by complex and computationally intensive
classification procedures. Lake areas and water levels were combined in a
regression to derive the hypsometry relationship (dh ∕ dA) for all
lakes. Nearly all lakes showed a linear regression, and 42 % of the lakes
showed a strong linear relationship with a R2 > 0.8, an
average R2 of 0.91 and a standard deviation of 0.05. For these lakes and
for lakes with a nearly constant lake area (coefficient of variation
< 0.008), volume variations were calculated. Lakes with a poor
linear relationship were not considered. Reasons for low R2 values were
found to be (1) a nearly constant lake area, (2) winter ice coverage and
(3) a predominant lack of data within the GSW dataset for those lakes. Lake
volume estimates were validated for 18 lakes in the US, Spain, Australia and
Africa using in situ volume time series, and gave an excellent Pearson
correlation coefficient of on average 0.97 with a standard deviation of
0.041, and a normalized RMSE of 7.42 %. These results show a high
potential for measuring lake volume dynamics using a pre-classified GSW
dataset, which easily allows the method to be scaled up to an extensive
global volumetric dataset. This dataset will not only provide a historical
lake and reservoir volume variation record, but will also help to improve our
understanding of the behaviour of lakes and reservoirs and their
representation in (large-scale) hydrological models.
Aging and Personhood in the Landscape of the Mega-Casino: Retirement at the Tables
Authors: Ciofi Joy
Published: February 2019

The retirement of the Boomer generation constitutes the largest wave of retirements in US history. This article examines the ways in which mega-casinos as institutions have become new spaces of aging and important sites where the ideals of retirement can be played out. Based on thirty-two months of fieldwork at two of the US’s largest casinos, I argue that these facilities help older adults maintain their personhood by engaging them socially, mentally, and physically through the myriad services and amenities they offer. Dominating narratives informed by Western economic and medical trends call for ‘active aging,’ ‘productive aging,’ or ‘aging gracefully,’ and these related paradigms emphasize social engagement along with physical and cognitive activities as the keys to thriving in old age. The casino environment simultaneously challenges and facilitates these narratives, providing an age-diverse setting in which seniors can exercise, entertain family, acquire gifts, and earn status. Drawing on David Graeber’s (2001) framework for theorizing value, I assert that it is participation in the many activities of the casino, rather than the monetary wins and losses, that has constituted them as valuable places to sustain personhood and achieve the ideals of an ‘active’ or ‘successful’ retirement.
Introduction: Orienting Africana Religious Studies—East African and Indian Ocean Perspectives
Authors: Premawardhana Devaka
Published: February 2019

Presuming that such themes as diaspora and migration pertain to Africana peoples of the Indian Ocean world no less than they do to those of the better-known Atlantic, this special issue opens the study of Africana religions to an expanded geographic range and the insights that come with such an expansion. This introductory essay clarifies the special issue's rationale, sketches the relevant historical and geographic contexts, and proposes three analytic frames through which to assess the interventions made by the contributors. The value and variety of those interventions underscore the importance, if not necessity, of taking a truly global approach to Africana religious studies.
Navigating African Sacred Geography: Shrines for African Sufi Saints and Spirits in India
Authors: Jeychandran Neelima
Published: February 2019

African sacred spaces in India are carved and maintained by mortal beings mostly hailing from the Sidi African-Indian community and from other subaltern communities, and these spaces are perpetually protected by African spirit beings. Thriving as marginal spaces in the overcrowded Indian cities, coastal towns, and villages, these African sacred topographies are continuously reimagined and reinvented by invested stakeholders to suit contemporary purposes. While addressing the complex connections of some of these sacredscapes with the African Indian Ocean slave trade, this paper examines how shrines dedicated to African Sufi saints and spirits keep African memories alive as devotees continue to seek the intercessions of these saints and spectral deities. By studying the spiritual beliefs and practices at these shrines, I discuss how African sacred geography in India prevails as a relational space connected to the Indian Ocean littoral through the intercessory powers of the African saints and spirits.
“It's All under Christianity”: Religious Territories in Kenya
Authors: Gez Yonatan N. , Droz Yvan
Published: February 2019

This article presents key features of Kenyan Christianity's process of Pentecostalization, emphasizing the phenomenon's dual dynamic of homogenization and fragmentation. Against the backdrop of this inherent dynamism, we introduce the religious territory perspective, which we present as actual and discursive arrangements of (il)legitimate religious practice. The borders of these territories are self-fashioned, and may be redrawn from one moment to the next or over long stretches of time. We argue that the demarcation of such religious territories reveals people's unique conception of their religious environment and their own positionality therein. We thus emphasize the intertwining of moral legitimization and actual practice, and the performative aspect of the discursive presentation of such inner religious geographies.
Being in Relation: A Critical Appraisal of Religious Diversity and Mission Encounter in Madagascar
Authors: Spies Eva
Published: February 2019

This article presents a relational perspective on religious diversity and encounter. It argues that a relational perspective helps overcome notions of religious diversity that tend to be reductionist and rather static because they conceptualize diversity as the many subforms of a single instance or the parts of a whole. Accordingly, the article questions such notions and instead proposes to study the multiple relations in and through which religious actors and settings are constituted. The example of current mission work of a Nigerian Pentecostal church in Madagascar shows how religious actors and communities can be understood as products of continuous relational processes. Mission encounters are no longer viewed as encounters between discrete entities but as specific meshwork. To rethink diversity and mission encounters in relational terms not only takes up ideas of relational being in Madagascar but may also give new impulses to debates on religious exchange in plural contexts.
Filling the Pot: The Remembrance of African Sufi Ancestor-Saints and the Reclamation of African Historical Heritage in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Authors: Graves Jazmin
Published: February 2019

This essay, based on ethnographic research conducted in 2017–2018, explores the ways in which the death-anniversary celebrations (‘urs) of the Sidi (African-Indian) Sufi ancestor-saints in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, demonstrate the pivotal role of the Sidi Sufi tradition in unifying the diversity of and temporal distinctions between the various waves of the African diaspora in western India.
Polyontologism: When “Syncretism” Does Not Suffice
Authors: McIntosh Janet
Published: February 2019

This article challenges the common assumption that the framework of “syncretism” (in terms of hybridity or blending) neatly characterizes pluralist religious practices. My case study from coastal Kenya suggests that in some communities, religious pluralism may preserve discontinuity between loci of religious power, a model I call “polyontologism.”
“A Sword of Wrath, the Executor of Sinister Adventures”: Domestic Islamophobia and International Black Muslim Solidarities during the Cold War
Authors: Caldwell Will
Published: February 2019

FBI repression of “Black Muslim” groups such as the Moorish Science Temple of America and the Nation of Islam emerged from institutionalized forms of Islamophobia preceding the War on Terror. This article examines the broader Cold War policies that criminalized Black conversion to Islam as a treasonous affiliation with “un-American” forces.
Wyzwania dla edukacji medialnej w kontekście destrukcyjnego fenomenu patostreamerów
Authors: Polcyn Sylwia
Published: February 2019

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie roli i znaczenia oraz celów współcześnie realizowanej edukacji medialnej, szczególnie w kontekście występowania nowych i negatywnych zjawisk w przestrzeni wirtualnej. W artykule opisano zatem rozwój nowego zjawiska w Internecie, jakim są patostreamerzy, zwrócono uwagę na ich działalność oraz negatywne konsekwencje dla prawidłowego rozwoju młodego człowieka. Zakończeniem artykułu jest próba wskazania konkretnych działań środowisk wychowawczych podejmowanych w ramach edukacji medialnej, których głównym celem winno być minimalizowanie oraz ograniczanie negatywnych skutków internetowej patologii społecznej – zjawiska patostreamerów.
Movimento Escola Sem Partido: uma leitura à luz de Paulo Freire
Authors: Mariz Débora , Mariz Heli Sabino de
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho visa analisar um dos fundamentos do Movimento Escola Sem Partido para criticar o pensamento de Paulo Freire, acusando-o inclusive de doutrinador dogmático e autoritário, a saber: o pressuposto da neutralidade do educador. Para tanto, será realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter qualitativo em que serão utilizados três eixos interpretativos: (1) a concepção de neutralidade a partir do paradigma científico e seus desdobramentos na educação, (2) a relação entre educação e política e (3) a concepção freiriana de leitura do mundo. Pretende-se, assim, confrontar alguns pressupostos do referido Movimento, especialmente no que concerne à pretensa de neutralidade do educador com a concepção freireana de educação. Enquanto o pensamento freiriano nos faz estranhar as práticas sociais, o Movimento Escola Sem Partido busca naturalizar o mundo social, o que justifica em parte a sua aversão ao pensamento de Paulo Freire que se baseia em um mundo plural, em disputa por recursos simbólicos e materiais.
Cenas de práticas de ensino de matemática em narrativas de futuras professoras
Authors: Marquesin Denise Filomena Bagne , Nacarato Adair Mendes
Published: February 2019

Este texto tem como objetivo discutir como um contexto de produção de narrativas autobiográficas possibilitou a emergência de cenas vividas por futuras professoras, alunas na disciplina de Fundamentos e Metodologia de Matemática de um curso de Pedagogia numa instituição privada no interior do estado de São Paulo, sobre os modos de ensinar e aprender matemática. A disciplina foi ministrada por uma das autoras. O texto apoia-se nos estudos autobiográficos, que consideram as produções de narrativas como práticas de autoformação. O material para análise consistiu de 84 narrativas produzidas ao longo de um semestre. Realizou-se uma análise interpretativa dessas produções, buscando a construção de cenas de escolarização. Para este texto são apresentadas duas delas: cenas sobre os modos de ensinar matemática e cenas sobre a visão de matemática e o seu papel na sociedade. Os indícios encontrados apontam para a manutenção de metodologias de ensino de matemática, já denunciadas na literatura, como: procedimentos tecnicistas e autoritarismo do professor. Tais resultados sinalizam o quanto as reformas curriculares não chegam às salas de aula da educação básica.
A criança pomerana na educação infantil: posso falar minha língua aqui?
Authors: Siller Rosali Rauta , Araújo Vânia Carvalho de
Published: February 2019

Este artigo busca analisar o trato, o direito e o reconhecimento das crianças pomeranas que chegam às instituições de educação infantil monolíngues falando somente sua língua materna (pomerana) ou na condição de bilíngues, falando também a língua portuguesa. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental, foi possível perceber, no âmbito dos documentos normativos, que, no Brasil, são recentes a conquista de direitos que garantem uma educação infantil diferenciada, intercultural e bilíngue e as políticas públicas que priorizam, na escola, o uso da língua materna das crianças pomeranas. Concluiu-se que este modelo de educação que se busca construir deve, principalmente, incorporar a língua, mantenedora da memória e da identidade do povo pomerano, como um patrimônio a ser estudado e valorizado. Isso precisa ocorrer, sobretudo, mas não somente nas instituições de educação infantil situadas nas comunidades pomeranas, reafirmando o direito à diferença, o qual ainda constitui um grande desafio, que requer o engajamento de todos nós.
Regulation and Market Influences on Innovation in Biotechnology
Authors: Kearney Claudine
Published: February 2019

In today’s competitive landscape innovation in biotechology is a necessity as there is a continuous increase in chronic diseases globally such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hepatitis B that is driving this demand. Biotechnology is one of the fastest growing industries with a growing demand for precision medicine and biosimilars, with bioinformatics expected to experience exponential growth in the coming years as a result of substantial innovation in the field. Innovation gives biotechnology companies the opportunity to grow faster and more competitive and ultimately influence the direction of the industry by developing drugs, medicines and therapeutics as well as environmentally friendly chemicals, fuels and materials that address the growing needs of society. Despite the continuous need for innovation in biotechnology, companies are influenced by a number of issues, in the development and commercialization of their innovations. In this paper the focus is on regulation and market influences on innovation in biotechnology. First, the influence of regulation and governments on innovation in biotechnology is discussed. Second, examines the role of marketing on innovation in biotechnology. Third, the impact of market and patient analysis on innovation in biotechnology is examined and a framework is proposed. Following that final conclusions are drawn.
Editorial. La independencia del periodismo, a debate (de nuevo)
Authors: Marzal Felici Javier , Casero-Ripollés Andreu
Published: February 2019

Editorial.
Marcas que hacen noticias y diarios que hacen marcas
Authors: Saez i Casas Albert
Published: February 2019

Tribuna.
La naturaleza de la comunicación: de las neuronas a las personas
Authors: Conde Vázquez Erica
Published: February 2019

Reseña de:Rúas Araújo, José y García Sanz, Francisco Javier (2018).Persuasión y neurociencias. Apelar al cerebro. Ed. Comunicación Social, Salamanca.
Estrategias de negocio para sus webs de las radios más escuchadas de Buenos Aires
Authors: Espada Agustín Eduardo
Published: February 2019

Este artículo propone un acercamiento explorativo por las estrategias de producción de contenidos y de comercialización de las radios de AM y FM más escuchadas de Buenos Aires, Argentina, para sus sitios webs. De esta manera, y como objetivo general del trabajo, se busca indagar y descubrir innovaciones o experiencias en la generación-producción de contenidos radiofónicos digitales así como en su comercialización o venta publicitaria.El estudio de los cambios que propone la convergencia tecnológica y mediática para las empresas de medios de comunicación implica la realización de distintos trabajos simultáneos. La observación y el análisis de los contenidos es sólo una parte que se complementa, en este trabajo, con la realización de entrevistas a productores, gerentes y directores de radios. En especial de sus secciones o departamentos digitales.De esta forma, uno de los principales hallazgos de este trabajo consiste en la falta de estrategias definidas, la ausencia de producciones radiofónicas específicas para la web y una búsqueda de mayor complementariedad con los contenidos tradicionales a través de textos y videos. En este marco, lo incierto del comportamiento del mercado publicitario tradicional atenta contra la toma de iniciativas por parte de las gerencias.
Insurgencias rururbanas. Los pueblos originarios frente a los megaproyectos de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Arach Omar , Linares Dominguez Edgar , Daniel Hocsman Luis
Published: February 2019

En este trabajo nos centramos en luchas de los pueblos originarios de la Ciudad de México frente a megaproyectos de infraestructura y desarrollo urbanístico. Las llamamos Insurgencias Rururbanas porque se trata de algo más que de resistencias y porque su conformación interna y sus argumentos transgreden la línea divisoria que distingue y jerarquiza lo urbano de lo rural. Enclavadas en la singular territorialidad de una ciudad milenaria, las mismas disturban los procesos de acumulación de capital, cuestionan dicotomías y jerarquizaciones fundantes de la modernidad y ayudan a imaginar otras evoluciones posibles en un contexto de crisis civilizatoria y deterioro ambiental global.
El nuevo aeropuerto y la defensa del territorio en Atenco-Texcoco, México. Usos políticos y resguardos sociales de la cultura acolhua a través de la historia
Authors: Pineda Rebolledo Itzam
Published: February 2019

El debate actual sobre los derechos culturales en las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas, se inserta necesariamente en el contexto de las disputas territoriales que en todo el continente ha desatado la oleada de megaproyectos contra los pueblos originarios. Sin embargo, debido a la naturaleza de los instrumentos legales existentes para este fin, en estas situaciones los pueblos se ven obligados a demostrar su identidad indígena ante los tribunales. Si bien, las nociones esencialistas sobre los sentidos de pertenencia han sido trascendidas en los estudios disciplinares por las perspectivas relacionales, el avance de los procesos de urbanización ha generado contextos complejos y dinámicos en los que se vuelve indispensable la revisión de las categorías de este nudo problemático. En este trabajo proponemos analizar los usos políticos y resguardos sociales de las prácticas culturales vinculándolos a los procesos sociohistóricos que protagonizan los pueblos en la defensa de su territorio y apartándonos de las explicaciones substancialistas. El contexto de este análisis en particular, es el trabajo antropológico de acompañamiento al proceso legal de los pueblos de Atenco-Texcoco, vecinos próximos a la capital del país que defienden su territorio de las afectaciones provocadas por la construcción del Nuevo Aeropuerto de la Ciudad de México.
Juventudes indígenas: entre las marcas étnico-rurarles y nuevas adscripciones urbanas en la Universidad.
Authors: Czarny Krischkautzky Gabriela
Published: February 2019

El trabajo presenta resultados de investigaciones realizadas sobre y con jóvenes indígenas en un programa conocido como Licenciatura en Educación Indígena (LEI) que funciona en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (UPN), Ajusco, en la Ciudad de México. Se problematizan las imágenes arraigadas sobre cómo se conceptualizan, en este caso, a los jóvenes indígenas. Entre estos aspectos se confronta a la noción de migración indígena interna, y las experiencias contemporáneas de estas juventudes quienes para las políticas educativas y diversos sectores de la sociedad son vistos aún bajo la concepción de lo indígena y su base rural, lo que naturaliza identidades marcadas por hablar la lengua indígena, vestir de modo tradicional, entre otras. El texto muestra que todavía permanece el sesgo de la relación rural-urbano como frontera que busca establecer diferencias que se han utilizado para racializar, y al mismo tiempo  da cuenta de los complejos y variados procesos socioculturales que viven las juventudes indígenas en una experiencia universitaria.
The Story of the Mordaunt Letter-book of 1660 in the Rylands Library
Authors: Brown Cedric C.
Published: February 2019

This article gives new information on the so-called Letter-book
of John, Viscount Mordaunt (Rylands MS GB 133) beyond that in RHS Camden Series
LXIX, identifies the likely scribe, and dates the transcription to late 1660. It
shows how the large format book was created to record the heroic role played by
Mordaunt and his wife Elizabeth (née Carey) in the achievement of
Restoration, and how the unfinished state of the textual project adds to our
knowledge of the social and political difficulties experienced by Mordaunt, a
client of Clarendon. Beyond its historiographical value for understanding the
activities of the plenipotentiary, the book helps to tell the story of
Mordaunt’s headlong career from his treason trial in 1658 to his
impeachment in 1667, the extraordinary supportive agency of Elizabeth, including
managing secret correspondence in 1659, the complexities of the
Mordaunts’ friendship with John Evelyn, and their loyalty to their fallen
patron Clarendon extending to exile in Montpellier in 1668.
MetaBAT 2: an adaptive binning algorithm for robust and efficient genome reconstruction from metagenome assemblies
Authors: Kang Dongwan , Li Feng , Kirton Edward S , Thomas Ashleigh , Egan Rob S , An Hong , Wang Zhong
Published: February 2019

We previously reported MetaBAT, an automated metagenome binning software tool to reconstruct single genomes from microbial communities for subsequent analyses of uncultivated microbial species. MetaBAT has become one of the most popular binning tools largely due to its computational efficiency and ease of use, especially in binning experiments with a large number of samples and a large assembly. MetaBAT requires users to choose parameters to fine-tune its sensitivity and specificity. If those parameters are not chosen properly, binning accuracy can suffer, especially on assemblies of poor quality. Here we developed MetaBAT 2 to overcome this problem. MetaBAT 2 uses a new adaptive binning algorithm to eliminate manual parameter tuning. We also performed extensive software engineering optimization to increase both computational and memory efficiency. Comparing MetaBAT 2 to alternative software tools on over 100 real world metagenome assemblies shows superior accuracy and computing speed. Binning a typical metagenome assembly takes only a few minutes on a single commodity workstation. We therefore recommend the community adopts MetaBAT 2 for their metagenome binning experiments. MetaBAT 2 is open source software and available at https://bitbucket.org/berkeleylab/metabat.
Transplantation in the treatment of paralysis agitans (Parkinson's disease)
Authors: Fazzini, Enrico
Published: February 2019

Over the past 3 years, there has been great interest in transplantation therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Following the impressive results reported by Madrazo in the spring of 1987, more than 350 cases of adrenal medullary implantation have been performed worldwide. There has been a significant reduction in "off" time and an increase in "on" time without chorea in 40% of patients having this procedure. The duration of effect is 1 year in half of these cases, with the other half (20% of all patients) still demonstrating significant improvement 3 years after the procedure. The mechanism of the bilateral beneficial improvement is unknown. The survival of adrenal medullary tissue has not been demonstrated at autopsy. It is thought that the mechanism of improvement involves either regenerative sprouting of the remaining dopamine producing neurons as a consequence of the release of neurotrophic factors or an interruption of the striatal pallidal output inhibitory influence of the basal ganglia on the thalamus (or both). Fetal mesencephalic implantation has also been attempted in more than 100 cases worldwide. The improvements when seen are not any more dramatic than those following the best results of adrenal medullary implantation. Graft survival has not been proved; it remains a possibility that interruption of the putaminosubthalamic pallidal pathway or a trophic influence of the tissue provides an alleviation in parkinsonism. The ethical controversy, need for long-term immunosuppression, and difficulty with obtaining tissue of the appropriate age and delivering the appropriate quantity to the putamen have made this technique less than adequate. Newer techniques employing genetic engineering, cultures of adrenal medullary tissue, and encapsulated xenografts are being investigated.