bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contesting Civilization: Louis Riel’s Defence of Culture at the Collège de Montréal
Authors: Hamon Max
Published: July 2021

A newly discovered manuscript of a debate between two college students sheds new light on Louis Riel’s experience in Montreal. By the time the young Métis left Montreal, he was an accomplished public speaker with a sophisticated understanding of Canadian society and culture. This article argues that Riel’s education was not isolating and frustrating but, rather, encouraged him to engage with public issues and moral reform. It demonstrates that Riel, in responding to the debate sparked by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, could engage meaningfully with Western theories of civilization. This debate is examined in the light of mid-nineteenth-century elite Catholic education, missionary and colonial thought, the nature of the civilizing mission, and Riel’s theories of political sovereignty. Tracing Riel’s unique intellectual genealogy provides insight into the diverse and dynamic ways Indigenous people experienced colonialism. Finally, it offers a critique of the “colonial archive,” particularly when it comes to Indigenous identities. Ultimately, Riel was a successful student who could act as an exemplar of “Western civilization” while confidently maintaining his own identity as an Indigenous person.
Particle Temperature Measurements by Spectroscopic and Two-Wavelength Streak Imaging
Authors: Craig J.E. , Parker R.A. , Biancaniello F.S. , Ridder S.D. , Mates S.P.
Published: July 2021

A two-wavelength particle imaging pyrometer has been developed to measure temperature, velocity and size of individual particles within a field of view and a depth of field that spans the entire particle stream in most thermal spray devices. The pyrometer provides continuous updates to particle condition profiles, histograms and correlations. The software locates particle streaks, determines the intensity ratio and dimensions of each streak, and calculates the particle temperature, velocity and size. Many forms of advanced materials processing technologies, such as thermal spray, spray-forming and atomization processes, have considerable need of process control sensor technology. These measurements provide the basis for application of the pyrometer to many of these processes. Particle temperature measurements of plasma-sprayed ceramic powder were obtained using a spectrometer and the pyrometer. Comparisons of the measurements show that the vision-based pyrometer has excellent accuracy. The standard deviation of the measurements was 40 K or about 1.3 %. Additional pyrometer measurements were used to determine its minimum detectable temperature and velocity change, which were 12.4 K and 2.77 m/s, or 0.4 % and 1.5 %, respectively. The vision-based particle sensor can now be applied to high performance control strategies to provide stable particle temperatures and velocities over long duration plasma spray processes.
Modeling of Oxidation of Plasma-Sprayed Molybdenum Coatings
Authors: Wan Y.P. , Jiang X.Y. , Zhang H. , Sampath S. , Prasad V. , Fincke J.R.
Published: July 2021

A model for oxidation of molybdenum particles during plasma spray deposition is developed. The diffusion of metal an-ions or oxygen cat-ions through a thin oxidized film, chemical reactions on the surface, and diffusion of oxidant in gas phase are considered as possible rate-controlling mechanisms with controlling parameters as the temperature of the particle surface, and local oxygen concentration and flow field surrounding the particle. The deposition of molten particle and its rapid solidification and deformation is treated using a Madejski-type model, in which the mechanical energy conservation equation is solved to determine the splat deformation and one-dimensional heat conduction equation with phase change is solved to predict the solidification and temperature evolution. Calculations are performed for a single molybdenum particle sprayed under the Sulzer Metco-9MB spraying conditions. Results show that the mechanism that controls the oxidation of this droplet is the diffusion of metal/oxygen ions through a very thin oxide film. A higher substrate temperature results in a larger rate of oxidation at the splat surface, and hence, a larger oxygen content in the coating layer. Compared to the oxidation of droplet during m-flight, the oxidation during deposition is not weak and can become dominant at high substrate temperatures.
Simulation and Experimental Studies of Particles Interaction with Plasma Jet in Vacuum Plasma Spraying Processes
Authors: Ilyuschenko A. , Okovity V. , Kundas S. , Gurevich V.
Published: July 2021

Mathematical and computer models of movement and heating of particles in low pressure conditions are developed. The mathematical models are based on the molecular-kinetics theory of gases. A program complex for computer realization of models is developed. It contains a built-in data base of temperature dependent properties of substances, system of processing and graphic visualization of simulation results. For verification of the developed models, computer simulation and experimental measurements of Al2O3 particle temperature and velocity are conducted. These materials were sprayed with Plasma-Technik equipment at pressure 60 mBar in argon. Particle velocity was measured with a special optical device, particle temperature was defined by intensity radiation method. It was established that the developed models are adequate to real process (error of 5-8 %) and may be used for study and improvement of VPS processes.
Properties of WC-Co Components Produced Using the HVOF Thermal Spray Process
Authors: Stokes J. , Looney L.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a study of the residual stress and microstructural properties of thick, spray-formed components, produced using the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying process. The forming material used is Tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co), a material which is more usually processed using expensive press and sinter technology. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of production parameters on the formation of thick components. In order to fabricate thick specimens, certain problems have to be overcome. More specifically these problems include the minimizing residual stresses, which cause shape distortion in the components and maining the integrity of the coating on a microstructural scale. The dependence of residual stress, and sprayed material characteristics on spraying distance, and powder feed rate conditions is presented. Results show that cylindrical WC-Co components up to a thickness of 9mm can successfully be produced, by careful control of these parameters. This represents a significant improvement on maximum thickness values previously reported for WC-Co [1,2].
Microstructure and Properties of TiC-CrNiMo SHS Spray Powder and Thermally Sprayed Coating
Authors: Väisänen M. , Vuoristo P. , Mäntylä T. , Maunu V. , Lintunen P. , Lintula P.
Published: July 2021

Titanium carbide cermet spray powder was produced by the SHS process (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis) using elemental Ti, C, Mo and prealloyed CrNiMo powders as starting materials. The powder was characterised (particle size distribution, phase structure, morphology) and the internal structure of each cermet particle was found out to be dense consisting of fine distribution of carbides embedded in a metallic matrix. The particle size range suitable for thermal spraying was obtained by sieving and air classifying. The coatings were prepared by HVOF spraying (DJH2600 and DJH2700). The dry abrasion wear resistance was evaluated by the rubber wheel abrasion wear test and electrochemical corrosion behaviour by open circuit potential measurements. According to the XRD analysis the amount of retained carbides in the coatings is high and the carbide phase has a spherical shape also in the coatings. The microstructure of coatings obtained is dense and the coatings possess good properties in wear and corrosion tests. WC-Co-Cr and Cr3C2-NiCr powders were used for comparison.
Influence of Reaction Enthalpy on the Microstructure of Laser-Alloyed Coatings
Authors: Wilden J. , Frank H.
Published: July 2021

Some applications of thermally sprayed coatings need a metallurgical bonding of substrate and coating. This can be reached by laser remelting of a thermally sprayed coating, which causes, on the other hand, a certain dilution of the substrate elements into the coating. This article discusses the influence of reaction enthalpies on the microstructure formation in the alloying systems Ni-Al and Ti-Al. Experimental work and simulation were done to examine the time constants of solidification influenced by laser dwell time and reaction enthalpy. It was observed that, for short dwell times, the reaction heat dominates the solidification process and the microstructure formation.
Microstructure-Wear and -Corrosion Relationships for Thermally Sprayed Metallic Deposits
Authors: Ilavsky J. , Pisacka J. , Chraska P. , Margandant N. , Siegmann S. , Wagner W. , Fiala P. , Barbezat G.
Published: July 2021

Improved understanding of microstructure-property relationship can help to shift from experiment-based to science-based development of thermally spray deposits. This should result in shorter and less expensive development as well as in higher functionality and reliability of the deposits. Significant amount of work has been done, however, nearly always studying deposits manufactured by only one of the thermal spray techniques. Results are therefore often spray technique specific. A broad study with samples manufactured by a number of different thermal spray techniques seems to be missing yet. Relationships valid across different techniques should provide better understanding of the generic relationships. This research employs number of different techniques - flame, HVOF, plasma (APS, VPS, WSP), to generate a wide range of microstructures. Various Ni-based alloys are studied starting from a simple chemistry (Ni) and ending with complex NiCrAlY alloys. Presented results were obtained with NiCr (80% Ni, 20% Cr) feedstock. Microstructures are characterized by various techniques-OM, SEM, XRD, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and others - to obtain the most comprehensive set of macro to micro structural parameters available today. The wear and corrosion properties of these deposits are measured together with internal coating stresses and the most generic microstructure-property relationships are sought.
Hard Arc-Sprayed Coating with Enhanced Erosion and Abrasion Wear Resistance
Authors: Dallaire S.
Published: July 2021

Exposed to particle erosion environments, metal-sprayed coatings are damaged by micro-machining and ploughing at low impact angles. The generation and propagation of subsurface lateral cracks at high impacting angles damage single-phase ceramic coatings. Therefore, multicomponent coatings deposited by high-energy processes have been widely used to provide wear protection in most of the applications. As commercial arc-sprayed coatings have been used to a limited extent in applications involving erosion and abrasion wear, developing attractive wear resistant arc-sprayed coatings has been found necessary. A cored wire formulation, referred to as Alpha-1800, has been developed to produce tailored arc-sprayed coatings that are tough enough to resist particle impacts at 90° and sufficiently hard to deflect eroding particles at low impact angles. Typical 1 mm-thick coatings composed of ductile and hard phases with Knoop hardness reaching 1800 kg/mm2 were easily produced by arc spraying the cored wire with air. Coatings were: 1) erosion tested at 25°C and higher temperatures at impact angles of 25° and 90° in a gas-blast erosion rig, 2) slurry erosion tested at impact angles of 25° and 90°, 3) abrasion wear tested using the ASTM G-65 test procedure. Results show that coatings produced with the new cored wire are at least 5 times more erosion resistant and 10 times more abrasion resistant than coatings produced by arc spraying commercial cored wires. The performance of the new arc-sprayed coating can be compared with that of high-energy WC-based coatings. Being thermally stable up to 850°C, arc-sprayed coatings produced with the new cored wire are attractive for applications in many industrial sectors up to high temperatures.
High Velocity Pulsed Plasma Thermal Spray
Authors: Witherspoon F.D. , Massey D.W. , Kincaid R.W. , Whichard G.C. , Mozhi T.A.
Published: July 2021

The quality and durability of coatings produced by virtually all thermal spray techniques could be improved by increasing the velocity with which coating particles impact the substrate. Additionally, better control of the chemical and thermal environment seen by the particles during flight is crucial to the quality of the coating. A high velocity thermal spray device is under development through a BMDO SBIR project which provides significantly higher impact velocity for accelerated particles than is currently available with existing thermal spray devices. This device utilizes a pulsed plasma as the accelerative medium for powders introduced into the barrel. Recent experiments using a Control-Vision diagnostic system showed that the device can accelerate stainless steel and WC-Co powders to velocities ranging from 1500 to 2200 m/s. These high velocities are accomplished without the use of combustible gases, and without the need of a vacuum chamber, while maintaining an inert atmosphere for the particles during acceleration. The high velocities corresponded well to modeling predictions, and these same models suggest that velocities as high as 3000 m/s or higher are possible.
The Splat Morphology of Plasma Sprayed Particle and the Relation to Coating Property
Authors: Sakakibara N. , Tsukuda H. , Notomi A.
Published: July 2021

Yttria stabilized zirconia particles are plasma sprayed on polished stainless steel substrate. Starting powders are fused and crushed powder, and hollow spherical powder. Four types of the splat morphology, which are splash, rugged, gravel mounted, and disk splats, are observed. Splash and disk splats are fully melted particles, but rugged and gravel mounted like splats are partially melted particles Gravel mounted like splat is observed from only hollow spherical powder, and disk splat is observed in the case of high substrate temperature. It is found that the ratio of splat morphology changes with spraying parameters. Porosity of the coating from fused and crushed powder is higher and Young's modulus of that is lower than that from hollow spherical powder. The ratio of rugged and gravel mounted splats affect porosity and Young's modulus. Adhesive strength increases with the increase in the ratio of disk splat. So, the coating properties are improved by controlling splat morphology. KEYWORDS: Splat Morphology, Partially Melted Particle, Disk Splat, Porosity, Young's Modulus, Adhesive Strength
Micro-and Nano-Scaled Composites via Decomposition of Plasma Sprayed Ceramics
Authors: Colaizzi J. , Kear B.H. , Mayo W.E. , Shropshire R. , Rigney R.W. , Brunhouse S.
Published: July 2021

A method is described wherein a ceramic oxide nanocomposite coating has been produced via a co-precipitation route. The first step in the process consists of forming a solid solution by use of plasma melting, homogenization, and rapid quenching of two ceramics that are normally immiscible. In the best case, the resulting structure is a true solid solution in a new, metastable crystalline structure. The quenched particles can be deposited as a coating or sprayed into water or onto a chill block to form a powder. When the material is sintered via a pressureless process, such as that for a coating, the phase decomposition proceeds quickly, resulting in a homogeneously distributed two-phase structure of micron sized particles. However, when the powders are compacted and sintered at very high pressures (1-8 GPa) and low temperatures (T ~ 0.3 - 0.5 Tm), the increased nucleation of the precipitates results in a composite in which both phases have grain sizes less than 25nm. This paper will review the underlying phenomenon behind the method and the resulting kinetics.
SOFC/CeO2 Doped Electrolyte Deposition Using Suspension Plasma Spraying
Authors: Bonneau M. , Gitzhofer F. , Boulos M.
Published: July 2021

Ceria (CeO2) based electrolytes have been considered for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for more than 20 years. There are however some limitations to this usage that this study has tried to address, indeed the study objective has been that of synthesizing and thermal spraying thin layers (50 - 100 µm) of doped CeO2 by the technique of suspension plasma spraying, using radio frequency (RF) plasma technology. Various dopant combinations and concentrations have been selected for this work in order to increase the useful partial oxygen pressure range for satisfactory ionic conductivity development, thereby increasing the anionic conductivity and preventing CeO2 reduction in fuel cell service. Ceria possesses the fluorite crystal structure at low temperatures but does not have enough oxygen vacancies to be a good ionic conductor. In ceria the cerium have 4+ oxidation state within the fluorite structure, and by substituting a certain amount of Ce4+ ions by trivalent dopant ions, oxygen vacancies are induced into the structure. Recent studies have demonstrated that at low temperatures doped ceria seems to be a better electrolyte than doped zirconia. Also, it seems that dopants with ionic radii close to Ce4+ ions give rise to better ionic conductivities. The doped ceria conductivity increases with the dopant concentration because more oxygen vacancies are created, but at higher concentrations vacancy ordering occurs which results in decreased ionic conductivity.
The Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of HVOF Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Sturgeon A.J. , Buxton D.C.
Published: July 2021

Thermal spraying of corrosion resistant alloys onto low alloy steel substrates has received much attention as a method to protect against corrosion in seawater or corrosive solutions, such as mineral or organic acids. The need to ensure high coating quality with minimal porosity and cracking, and with low oxide levels is best achieved in metallic alloys using the high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying process. This article investigates the electrochemical corrosion behavior of HVOF sprayed coatings, covering coating preparation and characterization, immersion testing, and electrochemical testing. The discussion provides information on immersion test results, polarization plots for coatings, comparison of corrosion performance, influence of microstructure on corrosion performance, and comparison with bulk alloy materials. The results reported in this article have been selected to demonstrate the use of the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization method to rank the corrosion performance of HVOF sprayed Ni-alloy coatings.
Porosity-Thermal Conductivity Relationships in Plasma Sprayed Zirconia Coatings
Authors: Kulkarni A.A. , Sampath S. , Goland A. , Herman H.
Published: July 2021

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used on heat engine parts to impart protection to components against failure under excessive heat loads, to increase inlet temperatures with consequent improvements in efficiency, and to reduce requirements for cooling. Control of thermal conductivity is addressed since low thermal conductivity depends not only on the nature of the yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer, but also on the morphology of pores and cracks, which are closely linked to process parameters. This paper will present the influence of feedstock characteristics (particle size distribution and powder morphology) and thermal cycling on porosity content and thermal conductivity of zirconia coatings. The results show increased porosity with particle size, due to an increase in the degree of particle fragmentation and unmelted particles, leading to lower thermal conductivity. Coatings sprayed with powders of different powder morphology yielded changes in porosity and interlamellar contact, thus, influenced thermal conductivity. Sintering effects during thermal cycling resulted in reduced porosity and increased thermal conductivity.
Observation on the WC-Co Coating Used in a Zinc Pot of a Continuous Galvanizing Line
Authors: Seong B.G. , Hwang S.Y. , Kim M.C. , Kim K.Y.
Published: July 2021

A continuous galvanizing line (CGL) has a zinc pot, which is filled with molten zinc for zinc coating. In a zinc pot there are pot rolls to guide steel strip. Usually WC-Co thermal sprayed coatings are used for protection of the pot rolls from severe corrosion by molten zinc. Authors analyzed WC-Co coatings used in a zinc pot of a CGL for 33 and 56 days. On the surface of a WC-Co coated roll, many kinds of deposits were observed including top dross, Fe2Al5 inter-metallic compound, which might induce dross defect on the surface of galvanized steel. Diffusion depth of zinc into the WC-Co coating used for 33 days was only within 10µm but some areas were severely attacked along cracks within the coating layer. Usually molten zinc contains small amount of aluminum about 0.12 - 0.2%. Through SEM study, we observed that not only zinc but also aluminum diffused into the WC-Co coating after service in the zinc pot for 56 days. Al-Fe rich layers were observed on the surface of the spray coating for some cases. The phase of those layers might be Fe2Al5 since their chemical compositions are similar to Fe2Al5 top dross.
Correlation Between Deposition Efficiency, Hardness, and Elastic Modulus for Thermally Sprayed Zirconia
Authors: Lima R.S. , Kucuk A. , Berndt C.C.
Published: July 2021

Results concerning the relationship between deposition efficiency and mechanical properties with coating roughness are presented. A commercial partially stabilized zirconia powder was plasma sprayed at different power levels, H2/Ar ratio and spray distance. Coatings sprayed at high deposition efficiencies demonstrated improved mechanical properties. The deposition efficiency is also proportional to the coating roughness. When prepared with a high plasma power and a high H2/Ar ratio, and at short spray distances, these coatings exhibited the highest deposition efficiency and coating roughness. The high coating roughness associated with a high deposition efficiency arises because coarse powder particles are likely to be melted at higher plasma power. However, opposite trends were also observed within different regimes of powder size distribution and torch power. Another objective of this work was to demonstrate that a surface profilometer can be used to understand the deposition efficiency and mechanical properties of thermal spray coatings. Key words: Roughness, Mechanical Properties, DE.
Study on the Long-Term Stability of Plasma Spraying
Authors: Leblanc L. , Moreau C.
Published: July 2021

The damaging of the electrodes during spraying can affect the reproducibility of the plasma spray process. Indeed, this may influence the plasma characteristics and the energy transfer to the sprayed particles resulting in significant changes in the coating attributes. In this paper, results from a detailed investigation on the stability of plasma spraying are presented. Specifically designed diagnosis tools were used to study the evolution of key parameters of a plasma spray process during a long-term experiment. A comprehensive analysis is carried out on the collected set of data, with an emphasis on the correlation that may exist among them. Results show significant variations in the particle state and gun characteristics with the spraying time. These variations are reflected in the microstructure of the sprayed coatings. The investigation also gives some indication on how the spray process could be controlled.
Properties of Plasma Sprayed Functionally Graded YSZ/NiCoCrAlY Composite Coatings
Authors: Khor K.A. , Gu Y.W. , Dong Z.L.
Published: July 2021

Plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings often face the problems of spallation and cracking in service owing to their poor bond strength and high residual stresses. Functionally graded thermal barrier coatings with a gradual compositional variation from heat resistant ceramics to fracture resistant metals are proposed to mitigate these problems. In this paper, functionally graded Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) / NiCoCrAlY composite coatings were prepared using pre-alloyed and spheroidized composite powders. The mechanical and thermal properties of graded YSZ/NiCoCrAlY composite coatings, such as elastic modulus, bond strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal cycling and oxidation resistance were investigated. Results showed that the bond strength and thermal cycling resistance of FGM coatings were much better than that of the duplex coatings. The coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic modulus changed gradually through the 5-layer functionally graded coating.
Deposition and Testing of Thermal Barrier Coatings on Gas Turbine Vanes
Authors: Tului M. , Gualco G.C. , Scarpellini R.
Published: July 2021

An innovative methodology to deposit, by plasma spraying, ceramic thermal barrier coatings on gas turbine blades and vanes was developed. Such a methodology produces a pattern of microcracks in the coating, thus improving its thermal shock resistance. After a laboratory campaign of process optimization and coating characterization, real components were coated with a 150µm thick layer of NiCoCrAlY as a bond coat and a 300µm thick layer of ZrO2, partially stabilised with 8%of Y2O3, as a top coat. In particular, four vanes, taken from the first stage of a land based gas turbine (V64.3, produced by Ansaldo), were coated on the whole airfoil. The four vanes were submitted to a cyclic oxidation test in a burner rig simulating the operative conditions of a gas turbine. In particular, they were exposed to a gas flow with the same composition, temperature and speed of the inlet gas of a real gas turbine; moreover, they were cooled by an internal stream of compressed air for obtaining the same temperature profile of a vane in operation. The surface temperature of the vanes was monitored during the test by an optical pyrometer and the internal temperature by a thermocouple. After 550 hours of test, corresponding to 550 cycles, the four vanes did not show any sign of damage.
EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF THE CHOICE OF COPING STRATEGIES OF SERVICEMEN
Authors: Yarmolchyk Maria
Published: July 2021

Today, the activities of military units become especially important in conditions of instability in the country. Consequently, the study of the psychological characteristics of such people becomes expedient. Modern types of combat are requirements that often exceed the capabilities and resources of the military. This, in turn, creates a need for a special type of personality - stable, socially active, with a high level of self-regulation and the ability to withstand pressure from adverse factors [9].In modern psychology, the individual way in which a person can cope with a complex, crisis situation is determined by the concept of coping behavior. The study of this concept is especially relevant for persons working in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Coping is a strategy of behavior in complex stressful situations, which is chosen by servicemen to deal with stress. This is a kind of response of the psyche, which is an adaptive mechanism at the time of negative impact. The choice of coping strategies is determined by a number of personality traits that determine the dominant pattern of behavior of a particular serviceman during decompression.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF FERRITES DURING SINTERING IN RADIATION AND RADIATION-THERMAL CONDITIONS
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, Malyshev A.V. A.V.
Published: July 2021

The studies of correlation between magnetic properties and microstructure were conducted on samples of lithium-substituted ferrite, sintered in radiation and radiation-thermal conditions. Radiation-thermal sintering was performed for compacts irradiated with a pulsed electron beam with energy of (1.5–2.0) MeV, beam current per pulse of (0.5-0.9) A, irradiation pulse duration of 500 μs, pulse repetition rate of (5–50) Hz, and compact heating rate of 1000 C/min. Sintering in thermal furnaces (T-sintering) was carried out in a preheated chamber electric furnace. The paper shows that magnetic induction does not depend on the ferrite grain size. In this case, the coercive force is inversely proportional to the grain size and depends on the intragranular porosity of ferrite samples. In contrast to thermal sintering, radiation-thermal sintering does not cause capturing of intergranular voids by growing grains and enhances coagulation of intragranular pores.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW AROUND A WIND WHEEL WITH ROTATING CYLINDRICAL BLADES
Authors:   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Tanasheva N.K.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the results of numerical simulation of the flow around a wind wheel with blades in the form of rotating cylinders using the software package ANSYS. The advantage of a wind turbine with rotating cylindrical blades in comparison with traditional blade installations is the starting moment and the beginning of energy production at a wind speed of (2 - 3) m/s. A mathematical model has been developed based on threedimensional Navier-Stokes equations in a rotating system. The corresponding boundary conditions are formulated. A calculated pattern of the flow around the wind wheel with rotating cylindrical blade is obtained. There are shown regions of the velocity field with turbulent vortices, which are formed at high Reynolds numbers. The degree of influence of the angular speed of rotation of the wind wheel on the magnitude of the moment of forces at various speeds of the incoming air flow has been determined.
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF USING A COMBINATION OF AIR AND GROUND HEAT PUMPS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATION
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bezrodny M.K.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the energy efficiency of the combination of two most common heat sources for heat pumps, namely soil and ambient air. A feature of such a system is the connection of air and ground heat pumps in series with water. A computational model of the proposed system is developed, based on the system of equations for heat and material balances of the system. The result of the analysis was a system of equations, the analysis of which made it possible to study the two main characteristics of energy efficiency, namely, the relative heat load of the ground heat exchanger and the specific total costs of external work for the drive of the system, depending on the depth of utilization of the heat of ventilation emissions. It is shown that a positive effect from the use of a heating and ventilation system with two heat pumps, both in terms of energy and investments, can be achieved with the utilization depth of ventilation emissions corresponding to the condition of equality of the conversion factors for air and ground heat pumps.
ANISOTROPY OF THE SURFACE OF CUBIC BODY-CENTERED CRYSTAL LATTICES
Authors:   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Yurov V.M.
Published: July 2021

In the work of Shebzukhova and Arefieva, by the method of electronic-statistical calculation of the anisotropy of the surface energy of metals, a method for estimating the work function of electrons from a metal was determined. The surface energy and electron work function of four main faces of cadmium and zinc crystals and five faces of mercury are estimated. In the work of Bokarev, the anisotropy of the surface energy of single crystals was calculated from the model of coordination melting of crystals. Based on experimental studies and theoretical calculations, it is shown that the model of coordination melting of crystals unambiguously links the physicochemical properties of the surface of single crystals with their crystal structure. In our proposed empirical model, not only the anisotropy is calculated, but also the thickness of the surface layer of the metal. It is shown that the thickness of the surface layer is determined by one fundamental parameter - the molar (atomic) volume, which periodically changes in accordance with the table of D.I. Mendeleev. It is shown in the work that the work function of electrons changes proportionally with a change in the surface energy of the metal. This means that the device we have developed can be used to measure the state of the metal surface and its anisotropy.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRON BEAM ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYAMIDE 6
Authors:   S.Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, Rakhadilov B.K.
Published: July 2021

In this research work has been studied the effect of electron irradiation on the properties and structure of PA6 polyamide. The treatment was carried out with an industrial pulse accelerator in air with an irradiation dose in the range of 100-400 kGy. The processed polymer was also studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. According to the results of the study was known that electron beam treatment affects the crystal structure of polyamide-PA6, reducing its size. Also, it was found that the radiation dose of 200 kGy is optimal for preserving the crystal structure in comparison with 100, 300 and 400 kGy.
SATELLITE DATA PROCESSING ALGORITHM IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF THE TIME SERIES OF VEGETATION INDEXES
Authors:   Joint-Stock Company “National Center of Space Research and Technology”, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Vitkovskaya I.S.
Published: July 2021

The diverse spectral indexes computed from the satellite images are used extensively in the world practice of remote sensing of the Earth from space. This approach proved its validity for the satellite monitoring of the underlying terrain, detection of ongoing changes and trends of their dynamic patters. Accumulated prodigious amount of satellite data, the state-of-the-art methods of thematic interpretation gave rise to creation of services providing free access to both images and to image processing results. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the furtherance of the local and regional scale it turns out that usage of the end products of thematic processing of space information supplied by the known available services was not efficient on all occasions. Consequently, we may need to generate our own archives of the long-term series of satellite indexes. The volume of files containing the digital index matrices computed based on the MODIS satellite low resolution data subject to the complete coverage of the territory of Kazakhstan surpasses 4 Gb. This often results in the delayed computations, and on frequent occasions in infeasibility of computation of a full matrix when the medium specs computers are employed. This article is focused on the satellite data processing algorithm in the process of formation of the time series of vegetation indexes. As a consequence, the multi-year archive of vegetation indexes (over a period of 2001-2020), which provided a basis for trend analysis of the underlying terrain, determination of their future trends and forecasting of their changes was created within the territory of the Republic.
Benchmarking as an effective tool in managing the quality of the educational process at a technical university
Authors:   Karaganda Technical University, Kazakhstan, Jantassova D. , Zhdanova E. ,   Karaganda Technical University, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problems and prospects of using benchmarking as a tool for solving quality problems of a technical university educational process. This research is carried out during the implementation of the project «Capacity building for the internationalization of a technical university by means of digital learning technologies» approved by the priority «Scientific foundations» Mangilik el «(education of the XXI century, fundamental and applied research in the humanities)» and funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. АР08052214). Within the framework of the Project, benchmarking was selected as the main tool for the effective implementation of internationalization at Karaganda Technical University. The author discloses the main content of the «benchmarking» concept, presents the goal, scientific methods and potential of the project, considers the main types, principles and phases of benchmarking. Tyumen Industrial University was chosen as a competing institution, due to the similarity of the higher education systems in post-Soviet countries. When comparing and analyzing the possibilities of benchmarking, the following key aspects were considered: the content of educational courses, the way of students’ and teachers’ thinking, the use of available resources and quality control of training offered.
Implementation of pedagogical solutions to increase the efficiency of the digitalization of learning at the university
Authors:   Karagandy university of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Kazimova D. , Tussipkhan A. ,   Karagandy university of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Adilkhan G. ,   Karagandy university of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the implementation of digital technologies in the higher education system, which opens up new opportunities for the design of new pedagogical solutions. The authors highlight the ways to create a digital educational space and content application through digital technologies. The main directions of implementation of pedagogical solutions to improve the results of the teaching and learning process in the context of digitalization of education are described. The main areas of application of ICT tools in the educational process of the University for improving the content of teacher education are considered, formation of a high level of information culture. The means of using interactive innovative technologies, automated systems are analyzed, allowing to equip with new information arrays of resource support of the university, for the competent use by teachers of the potential of modern information technologies for solving practice-oriented tasks of professional activity. All of these diverse methods and approaches, selected by the authors contribute to the development of students ' creative abilities, mastering new technologies.
Сomprehensive support of children with autistic spectrum disorders
Authors:   Omsk Scientific Center of RAS of the ", Chekaleva N. ,   OmGPU», Omsk, Russia, Kulsharipova Z. ,   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University Pavlodar, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan;, Syrymbetova L. ,   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University Pavlodar, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan;, Matayev B. ,   Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Omarova D. ,   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University Pavlodar, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan;
Published: July 2021

Today, autism is a significant social problem that is becoming more widespread, affecting children who have the same type of developmental problems, but with different options for overcoming them. This is what causes the idea of autism as a set of autism spectrum disorders. Children with ASD are a polymorphic group, which manifests itself in psychological and pedagogical features, which complicates social adaptation. In psychological and pedagogical terms, children with ASD are allocated to a special group, since interaction is built differently due to qualitative communication disorders. In many cases, children with ASD who come to school have unformed learning behaviors. For the successful development of the program material in children with ASD, it is necessary to form a stereotype of educational behavior, on which all school education is based. Deficits in the formation of these skills can lead to a longer period of adaptation of the child in school and to difficulties in mastering the program. In this article, we consider the necessary skills, the formation of which is aimed at psychological and pedagogical assistance to a child with ASD in preparation for school.
Social networks as a means of speech culture development of students in foreign language teaching
Authors:   Karagandy university of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Kitibayeva A. , Zhankuatova S. ,   Karagandy university of the name of academician E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan, Assakayeva D. ,   Academy «Bolashaq», Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

We live in a progressive and creative fast-changing world where almost all processes are associated with the use of advanced technologies. Nowadays it is hard to imagine traditional forms of education without integration with modern technologies. Every day the number of Internet resources and applications that are successfully used in the process of teaching a foreign language is growing. This diversity, in turn, creates the problem of the correct choice of Internet tools for teachers. The article proposes ways of working in social networks and applications, which make it possible to rationally use the possibilities of virtual communication for educational purposes. The research shows that by the correct usage of modern tools and Internet resources in the process of teaching a foreign language, it gives tremendous results in the development of skills such as expansion of vocabulary, correct speech structure, pronunciation, development of speaking skills, creativity in expressing thoughts and broadening person's horizons in general. The use of Internet technologies for educational purposes is also highly appreciated by the fact that it is not always possible to find a native speaker in real life, while on the Internet this can be easily done at any convenient time.
Kajian Retorika Struktur Argumen Karya Tulis Ilmiah Siswa Hasil Ekstrakurikuler Karya Ilmiah Remaja SMA
Authors: Darlina Eka , Wardhana Dian Eka Chandra , Ariesta Ria
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan struktur argumen latar belakang karya ilmiah  yang tertuang pada pendahuluan karya tulis ilmiah ekstrakurikuler KIR siswa SMA. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi yang bersumber dari karya tulis ilmiah siswa ektrakulikuler karya ilmiah remaja SMA. Teknik analisis data dengan langkah-langkah pengkodean, pengklasifikasian, dan penafsiran. Uji keabsahan dengan member check dan uji pakar wacana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur argumen karya tulis ilmiah siswa hasil ektrakulikuler karya ilmiah remaja SMA berpola: 1) pernyataan, pembenaran, dan kesimpulan; 2) pernyataan, pembenaran, kesimpulan, dan subkesimpulan; 3) pernyataan, subpernyataan, pembenaran, dan kesimpulan; 4) pernyataan, pembenaran, subpembenaran, dan kesimpulan;  5) pernyataan dan pembenaran. Struktur argumen dalam karya tulis ilmiah sudah baik, walaupun ada yang belum lengkap terutama belum dihadirkannya kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan agar ditindaklanjuti khususnya bagi pelatih ektrakulikuler karya ilmiah remaja SMA untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa dalam menulis paragraf argumentasi dengan menggunakan variasi pola argumen yang lengkap yaitu pernyataan, pembenaran, dan kesimpulan.
Formation and variability of test weight in winter bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on the growing season conditions, preceding crops and sowing dates
Authors:   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Demydov O. A. , Hudzenko V. М. ,   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Pravdziva І. V. ,   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylenko N. V. ,   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Derhachov O. L. ,   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Zaima O. A. ,   The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to identifying peculiarities of formation and variability of grain test weight in winter bread wheat genotypes depending on the growing season conditions, sowing dates and different preceding crops. The studies were conducted at The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine during 2016-17–2018-19 growing seasons. There were estimated 17 winter bread wheat genotypes that were sown in three sowing dates after five preceding crops. Test weight was evaluated according to the State Standard 10840–64. Statistical processing was performed with using programs Statistica 8.0, Excel 2013. It was revealed the significant effect of growing season conditions on grain test weight in winter bread wheat varieties in environments of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. Significant differences in responses of the genotypes under study on sowing date after different preceding crops were revealed. The most effect of sowing dates on test weight was established in the variety MIP Vidznaka, while the most effect of preceding crops was established in the varieties MIP Yuvileina, Podolianka, MIP Lada, and MIP Darunok. In general, maximal test weight was formed after green manure and the minimal one was after soybeans as preceding crop. The general tendency of decrease in grain test weight with shift in sowing dates from September 26 to October 16 after preceding crops green manure, mustard, sunflower, soybeans was revealed. The sowing date October 05 was optimal for the varieties MIP Valensiia, Estafeta myronivska, MIP Lada after green manure, for the varieties Podolianka, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Lada after mustard, for the varieties Podolianka, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, Hratsiia myronivska, MIP Assol after sunflower, for the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivska, Estafeta myronivska after maize, for the varieties Podolianka, Trudivnytsia myronivska after soybeans. The varieties MIP Vyshyvanka, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Vidznaka, and MIP Yuvileina were identified which exceeded significantly the standard variety Podolianka in test weight on average by years of the research, sowing dates, and preceding crops.
Tree stand mortality in nationally important park-monument of landscape art Feofaniya
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Feschenko R. O. , Matyashuk R. K. ,   Institute for evolutionary ecology NAS Ukraine, Bilous A. M. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: July 2021

Tree stand mortality in urban ecosystems indicates the influence level of biotic and abiotic factors primarily on their life state. The significance of these processes lies in the knowledge of the forest stands patterns development and their use for forecasting and assessing ecosystem services. The territories of the nature reserve fund have been taken as research sites, as significant indicators of anthropogenically altered territories. The structure of biomass and forest stands species composition was found to be associated with the growth and development of living trees and the formation of dead trees. Biotic and abiotic factors, intraspecific competition and peculiarities of local formation condition and stands growth are determined to affect the life state of the main forest-forming species directly and indirectly. It was revealed that in the medieval oak plantation, the loss of trees during the research period (2016-2020) prevailed over the increase in the stand ground phytomass. It was found that the carbon deposited amount in the forest stands aboveground phytomass reflects the unusual dynamics for the overwhelming number of territory indicators. The litter formation caused the changes in the deposited carbon structure of the research stands phytomass by tree species. It also led to an increase in the deadwood carbon pool and the onset of carbon emissions from the detritus decomposition.