bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid nitrification involving comammox and canonical Nitrospira at extreme pH in saline‐alkaline lakes
Authors: Daebeler Anne , Güell‐Bujons Queralt , Mooshammer Maria , Zechmeister Thomas , Herbold Craig W. , Richter Andreas , Wagner Michael , Daims Holger
Published: January 2023

Nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) catalyse the second nitrification step and are the main biological source of nitrate. The most diverse and widespread NOB genus is Nitrospira, which also contains complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) that oxidize ammonia to nitrate. To date, little is known about the occurrence and biology of comammox and canonical nitrite oxidizing Nitrospira in extremely alkaline environments. Here, we studied the seasonal distribution and diversity, and the effect of short‐term pH changes on comammox and canonical Nitrospira in sediments of two saline, highly alkaline lakes. We identified diverse canonical and comammox Nitrospira clade A‐like phylotypes as the only detectable NOB during more than a year, suggesting their major importance for nitrification in these habitats. Gross nitrification rates measured in microcosm incubations were highest at pH 10 and considerably faster than reported for other natural, aquatic environments. Nitrification could be attributed to canonical and comammox Nitrospira and to Nitrososphaerales ammonia‐oxidizing archaea. Furthermore, our data suggested that comammox Nitrospira contributed to ammonia oxidation at an extremely alkaline pH of 11. These results identify saline, highly alkaline lake sediments as environments of uniquely strong nitrification with novel comammox Nitrospira as key microbial players.
Relationships between fluid mixing, biodiversity, and chemosynthetic primary productivity in Yellowstone hot springs
Authors: Fernandes‐Martins Maria C. , Colman Daniel R. , Boyd Eric S.
Published: January 2023

The factors that influence biodiversity and productivity of hydrothermal ecosystems are not well understood. Here we investigate the relationship between fluid mixing, biodiversity, and chemosynthetic primary productivity in three co‐localized hot springs (RSW, RSN, and RSE) in Yellowstone National Park that have different geochemistry. All three springs are sourced by reduced hydrothermal fluid, but RSE and RSN receive input of vapour phase gas and oxidized groundwaters, with input of both being substantially higher in RSN. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that communities in RSN were more biodiverse than those of RSE and RSW in all dimensions evaluated. Microcosm activity assays indicate that rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) uptake were also higher in RSN than in RSE and RSW. Together, these results suggest that increased mixing of reduced volcanic fluid with oxidized fluids generates additional niche space capable of supporting increasingly biodiverse communities that are more productive. These results provide insight into the factors that generate and maintain chemosynthetic biodiversity in hydrothermal systems and that influence the distribution, abundance, and diversity of microbial life in communities supported by chemosynthesis. These factors may also extend to other ecosystems not supported by photosynthesis, including the vast subterranean biosphere and biospheres beneath ice sheets and glaciers.
A glimpse behind the organisational curtain: A dramaturgical analysis exploring the ways healthcare staff engage with online patient feedback ‘front’ and ‘backstage’ at three hospital Trusts in England
Authors: Ramsey Lauren , O’Hara Jane , Lawton Rebecca , Sheard Laura
Published: January 2023

Healthcare staff are encouraged to use feedback from their patients to inform service and quality improvement. Receiving patient feedback via online channels is a relatively new phenomenon that has rarely been conceptualised. Further, the implications of a wide, varied and unknown(able) audience being able to view and interact with online patient feedback are yet to be understood. We applied a theoretical lens of dramaturgy to a large ethnographic dataset, collected across three NHS Trusts during 2019/2020. We found that organisations demonstrated varying levels of ‘preparedness to perform’ online, from invisibility through to engaging in public conversation with patients within a wider mission for transparency. Restrictive ‘cast lists’ of staff able to respond to patients was the hallmark of one organisation, whereas another devolved responding responsibility amongst a wide array of multidisciplinary staff. The visibility of patient‐staff interactions had the potential to be culturally disruptive, dichotomously invoking either apprehensions of reputational threat or providing windows of opportunity. We surmise that a transparent and conversational feedback response frontstage aligns with the ability to better prioritise backstage improvement. Legitimising the autonomous frontstage activity of diverse staff groups may help shift organisational culture, and gradually ripple outwards a shared responsibility for transparent improvement.
Business continuity for times of vulnerability: Empirical evidence
Authors: Sánchez Marisa A. , De Batista Marianela
Published: January 2023

Organizations operate in environments of vulnerability. While there are methodologies that guide business continuity management, it is evident that organizations remain vulnerable to disruptions emerging in times of transformation and systemic change. This work aims to compile and analyze the disruptions and related risk management strategies or activities described in the literature, and explore which disruptions are creating concern in companies and how they approach them. The methodology is based on a review of the literature and from the review we define a questionnaire to guide semi‐structured interviews to managers from companies all located in a highly volatile macroeconomic context. The literature describes disruptions related with governance, cyberattacks, technology, supply chain, internal processes, and shock events and both precrises and postcrises strategies. The empirical analysis using data from companies reveals that (a) the most stressful disruptions are the currency devaluation, the high inflation rate, and government interventions and (b) managers rely on collaborative work, effective communication between stakeholders, supportive leadership, and constant adaptation to the new environment. Future research is required on techniques supporting adaptation to ‘new normalcy’.
Continued versus discontinued oxytocin stimulation in the active phase of induced labour: Factors associated with unexpectedly high rates of conversion to open label oxytocin in the CONDISOX trial
Authors: Steer Philip J. , Glavind Julie , Uldbjerg Niels , Bor Pinar , Boie Sidsel
Published: January 2023

Objective

To examine the factors associated with unexpectedly high rates of conversion to open label oxytocin in the CONDISOX trial of continuation versus discontinuation of oxytocin infusion during induced labour.

Design

Secondary retrospective analysis of data from a prospective randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Nine hospitals in Denmark and one in the Netherlands between 8 April 2016 and 30 June 2020.

Population or sample

1200 women having labour induced.

Methods

Analysis of outcomes by actual management.

Main outcome measures

Mode of delivery and associated variables.

Results

Switching to open label oxytocin (42.4% overall) was associated with nulliparity, an unripe cervix, larger babies and higher rates of delivery by caesarean section.

Conclusions

In the CONDISOX trial, slow labour was associated with features suggesting a higher ‘resistance to progress’, often prompting the use of open‐label oxytocin infusion rather than study medication.
The nutritional profile of plant‐based meat analogues available for sale in Australia
Authors: Melville Hannah , Shahid Maria , Gaines Allison , McKenzie Briar L. , Alessandrini Roberta , Trieu Kathy , Wu Jason H. Y. , Rosewarne Emalie , Coyle Daisy H.
Published: January 2023

Aim

To assess the nutritional quality of plant‐based meat analogues in Australia, compared to equivalent meat products, and to assess levels of micronutrient fortification in meat analogues.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used nutrition composition data for products collected in 2021 from major supermarkets in Australia. Nutritional quality was assessed using the Health Star Rating, energy (kJ), protein (g), saturated fat (g), sodium (mg), total sugars (g), and fibre content (g) per 100 g, and level of food processing using the NOVA classification. Proportion of products fortified with iron, vitamin B12 and zinc were reported. Differences in health star rating and nutrients between food categories were assessed using independent t‐tests.

Results

Seven hundred ninety products (n = 132 plant‐based and n = 658 meat) across eight food categories were analysed. Meat analogues had a higher health star rating (mean 1.2 stars, [95% CI: 1.0–1.4 stars], p < 0.001), lower mean saturated fat (−2.4 g/100 g, [−2.9 to −1.8 g/100 g], p < 0.001) and sodium content (−132 mg/100 g, [−186 to −79 mg/100 g], p < 0.001), but higher total sugar content (0.7 g/100 g, [0.4–1.1 g/100 g], p < 0.001). Meat analogues and meat products had a similar proportion of ultra‐processed products (84% and 89%, respectively). 12.1% of meat analogues were fortified with iron, vitamin B12 and zinc.

Conclusion

Meat analogues generally had a higher health star rating compared with meat equivalents, however, the nutrient content varied. Most meat analogues were also ultra‐processed and few are fortified with key micronutrients found in meat. More research is needed to understand the health impact of these foods.
Evaluating the role of time in range as a glycemic target during short‐term intensive insulin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Liehua , Ke Weijian , Xu Lijuan , Li Hai , Liu Juan , Wan Xuesi , Liu Jianbin , Deng Wanping , Cao Xiaopei , Xiao Haipeng , Li Yanbing
Published: January 2023

Background

Tight glycemic control during short‐term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) is critical for inducing diabetes remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). This work aimed to investigate the role of time in range (TIR) during SIIT as a novel glycemic target by predicting clinical outcomes.

Methods

SIIT was given to 116 patients with newly diagnosed T2D, with daily eight‐point capillary glucose monitored. Glycemic targets (fasting/premeal glucose, 3.9–6.0 mmol/L; 2 h postprandial blood glucose, 3.9–7.8 mmol/L) were achieved and maintained for 2 weeks. TIRPIR was calculated as the percentage of glucose points within these glycemic targets during the maintenance period and was compared to TIR3.9–7.8mmol/L and TIR3.9–10.0mmol/L. Acute insulin response (AIR), HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐B, and disposition index (DI) were measured. Patients were followed up for 1 year to observe clinical outcomes.

Results

TIRPIR, TIR3.9–7.8mmol/L, and TIR3.9–10.0mmol/L were 67.2 ± 11.2%, 80.8 ± 9.2%, and 90.1 ± 6.2%, respectively. After SIIT, β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity improved remarkably, and the 1‐year remission rate was 55.2%. △AIR and △DI were positively correlated with all the TIR values, whereas only TIRPIR was correlated with △HOMA‐IR (r = −0.22, p = 0.03). Higher TIRPIR but not TIR3.9–7.8mmol/L or TIR3.9–10.0mmol/L was robustly associated with diabetes remission; patients in the lower TIRPIR tertile had an elevated risk of hyperglycemia relapse (hazard ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.6–7.2， p = .001). Only those with TIRPIR ≥ 65% had a one‐year remission rate of over 60%.

Conclusions

These findings advocate TIRPIR ≥ 65% as a novel glycemic target during SIIT for clinical decision‐making.
Costovertebral joint involvement in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: A case‐series computed tomography study
Authors: Shouval Aniela , Croitoru Simona , Keret Shiri , Eshed Iris , Slobodin Gleb
Published: January 2023

Aims

To evaluate structural changes of costovertebral joints (CVJ) in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (rAxSpA) using computed tomography (CT) studies.

Methods

Available chest or thoracic spine CT studies of 17 patients with rAxSpA and 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analyzed. Ankylosis, erosions, joint space narrowing, and osteophytes were assessed.

Results

The groups were similar by patients' average age, but the rAxSpA group included more males (11/17) compared to the RA group (4/17, p = 0.036). In all, 748 CVJ were assessed in each patient group, including 408 head‐vertebral joints (HVJ) and 340 costotransverse joints (CTJ). rAxSpA patients had significantly more total CVJ lesions (p < 0.001 for all comparisons), more lesions in the HVJ (p < 0.001, for all comparisons), and more lesions in the CTJ (p ≤ 0.005, for all comparisons, except for osteophytes), compared to the RA group. All types of lesions, including ankylosis, erosions, narrowing, and osteophytes, were seen more frequently in rAxSpA patients. Joint space narrowing and ankylosis of the CVJ were the most frequently seen findings in rAxSpA and were distributed throughout the thoracic spine.

Conclusions

Structural pathology of the CVJ was more commonly observed in patients with rAxSpA than in RA patients in this study.
The association between adverse childhood experiences and epigenetic age acceleration in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)
Authors: Joshi Divya , Gonzalez Andrea , Lin David , Raina Parminder
Published: January 2023

Research examining the association between exposure to a wide range of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and accelerated biological aging in older adults is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of ACEs, both as a cumulative score and individual forms of adversity, with epigenetic age acceleration assessed using the DNA methylation (DNAm) GrimAge and DNAm PhenoAge epigenetic clocks in middle and older‐aged adults. This cross‐sectional study analyzed baseline and first follow‐up data on 1445 participants aged 45–85 years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) who provided blood samples for DNAm analysis. ACEs were assessed using a validated self‐reported questionnaire. Epigenetic age acceleration was estimated by regressing each epigenetic clock estimate on chronological age. Cumulative ACEs score was associated with higher DNAm GrimAge acceleration (β: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11) after adjusting for covariates. Childhood exposure to parental separation or divorce (β: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.11) and emotional abuse (β: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.12) were associated with higher DNAm GrimAge acceleration after adjusting for other adversities and covariates. There was no statistical association between ACEs and DNAm PhenoAge acceleration. Early life adversity may become biologically embedded and lead to premature biological aging, in relation to DNAm GrimAge, which estimates risk of mortality. Strategies that increase awareness of ACEs and promote healthy child development are needed to prevent ACEs.
Alcohol use and motives for drinking across the menstrual cycle in a psychiatric outpatient sample
Authors: Barone Jordan C. , Ross Jaclyn M. , Nagpal Anisha , Guzman Gabriela , Berenz Erin , Pang Raina D. , Eisenlohr‐Moul Tory A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Females who misuse alcohol experience high rates of negative physical and mental health consequences. Existing findings are inconsistent but suggest a relationship between ovarian hormones and alcohol use. We aim to clarify how alcohol use and drinking motives vary across the menstrual cycle in female psychiatric outpatients using the luteinizing hormone (LH)‐confirmed cycle phase.

Methods

Daily self‐reports (n = 3721) were collected from 94 naturally cycling females, recruited for past‐month suicidal ideation, during the baseline phase of three parent clinical trials between February 2017 and May 2022. Multilevel logistic and linear models estimated the relationship between the cycle phase (with LH‐surge confirmed ovulation) and daily alcohol use or drinking motives, moderated by the weekend. Models were adjusted for age, legal drinking status, substance use disorder, and the COVID‐19 pandemic, and included random effects.

Results

Participants were generally more likely to drink in the midluteal (vs. perimenstrual) phase, but more likely to drink heavily on weekends in periovulatory and perimenstrual (vs. midluteal) phases. Social motives for drinking were significantly higher on weekends in the periovulatory, mid‐follicular, and midluteal phases (vs. weekdays), but this finding was non‐significant in the perimenstrual phase. Participants rated drinking to cope higher in the perimenstrual phase (vs. midluteal phase), regardless of the weekend.

Conclusion

In a psychiatric sample with LH‐surge‐confirmed ovulation, we find an increased likelihood to drink heavily in periovulatory and perimenstrual phases on weekends. We also find that the perimenstrual phase is associated with increased drinking to cope, and relatively lower weekend social drinking. Finally, random effects across models suggest individual differences in the extent to which the cycle influences drinking. Our findings stress (1) predictable phases of increased high‐risk alcohol use across the menstrual cycle, and (2) the importance of individual assessment of cyclical changes in alcohol use to predict and prevent ovulation‐ and menses‐related surges in heavy drinking.
Effects of audit committee chair characteristics on auditor choice, audit fee and audit quality
Authors: Azizkhani Masoud , Hossain Sarowar , Nguyen Mai
Published: January 2023

We investigate whether the characteristics of audit committee (AC) chairs are associated with decisions about auditor choice, audit fees and audit quality. Using hand‐collected Australian data, firms with AC chairs who have longer tenure and multiple AC memberships across several boards are found to be more likely to choose Big 4 and/or industry specialist auditors, pay higher audit fees and have lower discretionary accruals. Those AC chairs with higher business qualifications are more likely to hire a Big 4 auditor, pay higher audit fees and have lower discretionary accruals, while AC chairs with professional qualifications are more likely to hire a Big 4 and/or industry specialist auditor. In contrast, firms with AC chairs who are executive directors are less likely to hire a Big 4 auditor and have higher discretionary accruals. Our findings contribute to the literature by documenting that various characteristics of AC chairs are important for enhancement of auditor selection and audit quality.
How should policymakers regulate the tetrahydrocannabinol content of cannabis products in a legal market?
Authors: Hall Wayne , Leung Janni , Carlini Beatriz H.
Published: January 2023

An increased use of high‐potency cannabis products since cannabis legalization in the United States, Canada and elsewhere may increase cannabis‐related harm. Policymakers have good reasons for regulating more potent cannabis in ways that minimize harm, using approaches similar to those used to regulate alcohol; namely, banning the sale of high‐potency cannabis, setting a cap on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content and imposing higher rates of taxes on more potent cannabis products. Given the difficulty that US policymakers have had in regulating cannabis extracts and edibles, governments that are planning to legalize cannabis need to put policies on extracts into enabling legislation and evaluate the impact of these policies on cannabis use and cannabis‐related harms.
Optimal foraging of lions at the human wildlands interface
Authors: Everatt Kristoffer T. , Kokes Rae , Robinson Hugh , Kerley Graham I. H.
Published: January 2023

Optimal foraging and landscape of fear theories provide frameworks which can be useful for investigating animal's space and prey use decisions. Predators, such as African lions Panthera leo, are likely to respond to prey abundance, accessibility, profitability and potential risks, often anthropogenic in nature, while making foraging decision. Identifying the relative role of these processes has important conservation implications. We investigated the relative role of responses to a pastoralist landscape of fear within lion feeding and spatial ecology in a landscape at the human‐wildlands interface. We collected spatial and predation data from 12 GPS‐collared lions and ungulate count data from transects, along the South Africa–Mozambique border, including parts of Kruger, Limpopo and Banhine National Parks. We calculated Jacobs' Index values from 80 kills to investigate lion selection of wild and domestic ungulates as prey, used maximum entropy modelling to predict multi‐season ungulate spatial occurrence and used resource selection functions to estimate the relative probability of use of wild and domestic ungulate areas by lions. All lions had access to wild prey and domestic livestock within their home ranges. Lions showed a strong selection for large‐bodied wild ungulates as prey taking waterbuck, zebra, kudu and buffalo more frequently then predicted by their availability. Lions showed a slight avoidance of cattle as prey, with cattle outnumbering larger ungulates across much of the study area. Lions showed the greatest selection for habitats with high occurrences of wild prey, specifically areas with kudu, then nyala and buffalo, during the dry seasons and showed strong avoidance of cattle areas during the wet season; a season when cattle are kept closer to settlements and thus better protected and easier to predict and avoid. These results suggest that lions select for wild prey and habitats optimally, yet show a fear response to cattle and cattle areas. This duality in the foraging behaviour of lions suggests that efforts to mitigate human–lion conflict and preserve vulnerable lion populations should focus on both increasing wild ungulate populations as well as exploiting lion's fear of humans with careful consideration of the risks of livestock presence acting as an ecological trap for vulnerable lion populations.
“What's going on with my China?”: Political subjectivity, scalar inquiry, and the magical power of Li Wenliang
Authors: Pritzker Sonya E.
Published: January 2023

This article examines how the death of Li Wenliang, in February 2020, served as an affordance for Chinese netizens to engage with their intimate sense of themselves as political subjects through the interrogative process of scalar inquiry. Li, an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital who was sanctioned by Chinese authorities in 2019 for warning friends about the virus, was also an eminently normative and successful Han Chinese citizen who many saw as a reflection of themselves. His persecution, public humiliation, and death thus indexed the vulnerability of even the most compliant subjects and triggered an unprecedented public response that included both grief and outrage. Although largely censored within hours, this response continued to emerge throughout the year in a public mega‐thread on his Weibo “Wailing Wall.” This article draws on an alternative archive of censored messages on Li's Weibo page—usually described as an affective, apolitical space—to demonstrate how the Wailing Wall also becomes a unique sociomoral space in which people collaboratively reflect upon their sense of themselves as embodied subjects. Scalar inquiry, I suggest, thus emerges as a continual, collaborative, and simultaneously personal and political process of interrogating citizenship and nationhood vis‐à‐vis the remembered past, the experienced present, and the anticipated future.
Burn to harvest, burn to sabotage: Between fire and water on a sugar plantation in Madagascar
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan
Published: January 2023

Since 2009, the Chinese state‐owned corporation SINLANX has been managing the Anjava Sugar Plantation, previously managed by French, Malagasy, and Mauritian companies, in northern Madagascar. Built upon the infrastructure constructed by the French colonial regime and operating based on a collaboration agreement between SINLANX and the Malagasy state‐owned sugar company, Anjava presents a telling story of spatialized acts of survival and racialized conflicts over land and water in the interstitial spaces between capitalist production and subsistence economy. Malagasy villagers’ access to resources is often squeezed by multiple enclosures: a water‐delivery system and a land‐distribution system that prioritize sugar production and a bureaucratic system that punishes those who transgress the enclosures. Although Anjava villagers take advantage of the rhythm of sugar harvests and the nature of fire to sabotage sugar production or to make water claims for their livelihood, the agrarian and infrastructural arrangements at Anjava have perpetuated conditions of chronic precarity and profound marginalization of a landless population. The struggles at Anjava must be contextualized in the complex and ambiguous spaces between capital and labor, livelihood and resistance, dominance and adaptation, and ethnic collaboration and hostility.
Trends and variations in post‐mastectomy breast reconstruction rates in Australia over 10 years
Authors: Dayaratna Nirmal , Nguyen Chu Luan , Spillane Andrew , Mak Cindy , Warrier Sanjay Kumar , Dusseldorp Joseph R.
Published: January 2023

Background

Offering breast reconstruction (BR) at the time of mastectomy is standard of care in Australia with proven quality‐of‐life benefits. Previously BR rates in Australia have been low compared to similar countries. Accurate up‐to‐date information is needed to promote equity in access to BR and inform future planning of services. This study analysed recent trends and variations of BR uptake in Australia.

Method

Data from the BreastSurgANZ Quality Audit (BQA) were used to identify patients who underwent mastectomy with or without reconstruction for invasive or in situ breast carcinoma from 2010 to 2019. The association between BR uptake and the variables of jurisdiction (state or territory), age, hospital type and remoteness, and remoteness of patients' home addresses were analysed.

Results

A total 41 880 women underwent mastectomy between 2010 to 2019. The national BR rate steadily increased from 12.8% in 2010 to 29% in 2019, with a 10‐year national average of 21.3%. Statistically significant differences in BR uptake (P < 0.001) were found between states with higher rates in New South Wales and Victoria, with BR more likely in private hospitals and in younger women (P < 0.001), and less likely in remote areas (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The Australian BR rate has increased over the 10‐year period, but significant variation still exists between states. BR is lower in older women and those living in regional and remote areas. While the steady increase in BR uptake is encouraging, barriers that exist to equitable provision of reconstructive surgical services for all women living with breast cancer still need to be corrected.
Post‐discharge patient‐reported non‐adherence to aspirin compared to enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sidhu Verinder , Naylor Justine M. , Adie Sam , Bastiras Durga , Buchbinder Rachelle , Ackerman Ilana , Harris Ian A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Aspirin and enoxaparin are commonly used for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to compare non‐adherence after discharge to aspirin or enoxaparin following THA or TKA.

Methods

A subset of participants in the CRISTAL study were selected for participation. Additional inclusion criteria were no preoperative anticoagulant use and discharge from hospital before the prophylaxis period ended. The first four consecutive patients from each arm at each participating hospital were planned to be recruited (planned sample size n = 248). A patient‐reported adherence questionnaire was completed by telephone at 36–41 days after THA and at 15–20 days after TKA. The primary outcome was non‐adherence. Secondary outcomes were number of missed doses and the reasons for non‐adherence.

Results

There were 178 participants included from 15 sites, less than planned explained by early stopping of trial recruitment. There was no significant between‐group difference in patient‐reported non‐adherence: 24% (17/71) for aspirin, 30% (32/107) for enoxaparin, odds ratio = 1.4 (95% CI 0.7–2.9). The mean number of missed doses was 2.5 for aspirin and 3.4 for enoxaparin (mean difference = 0.9 doses, 95% CI −1.2 to 3.1). For aspirin, the most commonly reported reason for non‐adherence was forgotten doses and for enoxaparin it was clinician‐recommended change.

Conclusions

Rates of non‐adherence and the number of missing doses were similar for patients regardless of drug prescribed. The most common reasons for non‐adherence were unrelated to the mode of administration.
Associations of the Oxford Knee Score and knee arthroplasty revision at long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Tay Mei Lin , Monk A. Paul , Frampton Chris M. , Hooper Gary J. , Young Simon W.
Published: January 2023

Background

Self‐reported outcome measures are increasingly being collected for healthcare evaluation therefore it is prudent to understand their associations with patient outcomes. Our aims were to investigate: (1) if Oxford Knee Score (OKS) is associated with impending revision at long‐term (5 and 10 years) follow‐up, and (2) if decreased OKS at subsequent follow‐ups is associated with higher risk of revision.

Patients and Methods

All total knee (TKAs) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) between 1999 and 2019 in the New Zealand Joint Registry with an OKS at 6 months (TKA n = 27 708, UKA n = 8415), 5 years (TKA n = 11 519, UKA n = 3365) or 10 years (TKA n = 6311, UKA n = 1744) were included. Logistic regression determined associations of the OKS with revision within 2 years of each score. Change in OKS between timepoints were compared with revision risk.

Results

For every one‐unit increase in OKS, the odds of TKA and UKA revision decreased by 10% and 11% at 6 months, 10% and 12% at 5 years and 9% and 5% at 10 years. For both procedures a decrease of seven or more OKS points from previous follow‐up was associated with higher risk of revision (5 years: TKA 4.7% versus 0.5%, UKA 8.7% versus 0.9%; 10 years: TKA 4.4% versus 0.7%, UKA 11.3% versus 1.5%; all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The OKS had a strong negative association with risk of impending TKA and UKA revision from early to long‐term (10+ years) follow‐up. A decrease of seven or more points when compared with the previous follow‐up was also associated with higher revision risk.
Rats lackingUcp1present a novel translational tool for the investigation of thermogenic adaptation during cold challenge
Authors: Warfel Jaycob D. , Elks Carrie M. , Bayless David S. , Vandanmagsar Bolormaa , Stone Allison C. , Velasquez Samuel E. , Olivares‐Nazar Paola , Noland Robert C. , Ghosh Sujoy , Zhang Jingying , Mynatt Randall L.
Published: January 2023

Aim

Valuable studies have tested the role of UCP1 on body temperature maintenance in mice, and we sought to knockoutUcp1in rats (Ucp1−/−) to provide insight into thermogenic mechanisms in larger mammals.

Methods

We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to createUcp1−/−rats. Body weight and adiposity were measured, and rats were subjected to indirect calorimetry. Rats were maintained at room temperature or exposed to 4°C for either 24 h or 14 days. Analyses of brown and white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were conducted via histology, western blot comparison of oxidative phosphorylation proteins, and qPCR to compare mitochondrial DNA levels and mRNA expression profiles. RNA‐seq was performed in skeletal muscle.

Results

Ucp1−/−rats withstood 4°C for 14 days, but core temperature steadily declined. All rats lost body weight after 14 days at 4°C, but controls increased food intake more robustly thanUcp1−/−rats. Brown adipose tissue showed signs of decreased activity inUcp1−/−rats, while mitochondrial lipid metabolism markers in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were increased.Ucp1−/−rats displayed more visible shivering and energy expenditure than controls at 4°C. Skeletal muscle transcriptomics showed more differences between genotypes at 23°C than at 4°C.

Conclusion

Room temperature presented sufficient cold stress to rats lacking UCP1 to activate compensatory thermogenic mechanisms in skeletal muscle, which were only activated in control rats following exposure to 4°C. These results provide novel insight into thermogenic responses to UCP1 deficiency; and highlightUcp1−/−rats as an attractive translational model for the study of thermogenesis.
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of apatinib in adult cancer patients
Authors: Yang Xin‐Mei , Ye Pan‐Pan , Liu Xiao‐Lin , Guo Zi‐Xuan , Kan Min , Li Qian , Song Lin‐Lin , Liu Hong‐Ying , Chen Ke‐Guang , Shi Jin‐Yi , Zhang Ye‐Hui , Li Ya , Zhao Fu‐Rong , van den Anker John , Li Yan , Zhao Wei
Published: January 2023

Aims

Apatinib is widely used in Chinese cancer patients. As the in vivo drug disposition of apatinib has large individual differences, adverse events are prone to occur. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A5 and cancer types maybe the main factors affecting this individual differences. The objective of our study was to establish a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model of apatinib in adult cancer patients, and to explore optimal dosage regimens for individualized treatment.

Methods

Adult patients with various types of cancer treated with apatinib were enrolled. The concentration of apatinib in plasma was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. CYP3A5 genotype was determined using TaqMan allelic discrimination technique. The population PK model was developed by NONMEM V7.4. The dosing regimen was optimized based on Monte Carlo simulations.

Results

A population PK model of apatinib in adult cancer patient was established. CYP3A5 genotype and systemic cancer type (digestive system cancers, nondigestive system cancers) were the most significant covariates for PK parameters. Patients with CYP3A5*1 expressers (CYP3A5*1/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3) had lower apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution than patients who do not express CYP3A5*1 (CYP3A5*3/*3). Patients with nondigestive system cancer had higher apparent volume of distribution and absorption rate constant than digestive system cancer. The results of dose simulation suggest that the apatinib dose in patients who do not express CYP3A5*1 should be 33.33–50.00% higher than that in CYP3A5*1 expressers.

Conclusions

A population PK model of apatinib in adult cancer patients was established. CYP3A5 genotype and systemic cancer type had concurrent effects on PK parameters. CYP3A5 patients who do not express CYP3A5*1 required higher doses.
Lithium and risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Ponzer Katja , Millischer Vincent , Schalling Martin , Gissler Mika , Lavebratt Catharina , Backlund Lena
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine if long‐term lithium treatment is associated with protective effects or increased risk of vascular, neurological, and renal disorders.

Methods

Using nationwide registers, we included all citizens of Finland with dispensations of lithium for three or more consecutive years between 1995 and 2016. We identified 9698 cases and matched 96,507 controls without lithium treatment. Studied outcomes were vascular, neurological, renal disorders, and suicide. Analyses were performed applying Cox proportional hazards modeling in full cohort and in further subcohort analysis of individuals with a comparable diagnosis of mood or psychotic disorder.

Results

Lithium users had a significantly higher overall disease burden compared to matched population controls, including a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders and dementia. However, compared to individuals with a diagnosis of mood or psychotic disorders without lithium treatment, we observed a lower risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders (HR = 0.80, 99% CI = 0.73–0.89), and no significant difference for dementia (HR = 1.15, 99% CI = 0.99‐1.33), in lithium users. Pulmonary embolism was more common in the lithium‐treated cases both in comparison to the general population (HR = 2.86, 99% CI = 2.42–3.37) and in comparison to the psychiatric subcohort (HR = 1.68, 99% CI = 1.31–2.17). Similarly, the risks of Parkinson's disease and kidney disease were higher in both comparisons.

Conclusions

We conclude that individuals prescribed lithium have a lower risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, but no marked effect on dementia, compared to individuals with a mood or psychotic disorder not prescribed lithium. Venous thromboembolism, Parkinson's disease, and kidney disease were significantly more prevalent in individuals prescribed lithium.
Prospective associations between grandiose narcissism and perfectionism: A longitudinal study in adolescence
Authors: Vecchione Michele , Vacca Mariacarolina , Dentale Francesco , Spagnolo Giorgia , Lombardo Caterina , Geukes Katharina , Back Mitja D.
Published: January 2023

The current study investigates the longitudinal association between grandiose narcissism and multidimensional perfectionism over 2 years in adolescence. We adopted the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept, which differentiates between two aspects of grandiose narcissism. We also considered multiple dimensions of perfectionism, including Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and two forms of Self‐Oriented Perfectionism (SOP), namely the tendencies to set high standards of performance (SOP‐Striving) and to engage in overly critical self‐evaluations (SOP‐Critical). The study was conducted in a sample of Italian high school students (n = 331). Concurrent correlations indicated that Admiration was positively related to SOP‐Striving and, to a lesser extent, to SOP‐Critical and SPP. Rivalry was also positively related to the three perfectionistic dimensions, although correlations were smaller in size than those found for Admiration. Prospective associations between narcissism and perfectionism were analysed using a Random‐Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model. Results showed that the predominant direction of effects was from narcissism to perfectionism, particularly from Admiration to SOP‐Striving and SPP. Findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the understanding of the narcissism‐perfectionism link.
Relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of the efficacy of novel therapies
Authors: Minakata Daisuke , Fujiwara Shin‐ichiro , Yokoyama Daizo , Noguchi Atsuto , Aoe Shuka , Oyama Takashi , Koyama Shunsuke , Murahashi Rui , Nakashima Hirotomo , Hyodo Kazuki , Ikeda Takashi , Kawaguchi Shin‐ichiro , Toda Yumiko , Ito Shoko , Nagayama Takashi , Mashima Kiyomi , Umino Kento , Morita Kaoru , Ashizawa Masahiro , Yamamoto Chihiro , Hatano Kaoru , Sato Kazuya , Ohmine Ken , Kanda Yoshinobu
Published: January 2023

The prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) has dramatically improved with the development of new drugs, and it has become important to determine the appropriate combinations of these novel agents. This study was a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) of randomized trials in patients with relapsed and/or refractory (RR) MM. The PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for randomized trials from 1 January 2002 to 28 February 2022 of patients treated for MM. The primary end‐point was progression‐free survival (PFS), evaluated as a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) compared to dexamethasone (DEX). The p‐score was used to rank treatments. Of a total of 1136 abstracts screened, 37 studies were selected, including 34 treatment options for RRMM. Daratumumab, lenalidomide and DEX was found to be the best treatment for RRMM, with the best HR compared to DEX (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.08–0.20; p‐score 0.9796). There was no evidence of significant heterogeneity (I2, 41.3%; p = 0.146). The current NMA confirmed the excellent efficacy of three‐drug regimens including anti‐CD38 antibodies to treat RRMM and provides background data to evaluate the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell treatments and bispecific T‐cell engager therapies.
Sex difference in prebiotics on gut and blood–brain barrier dysfunction underlying stress‐induced anxiety and depression
Authors: Jiang Jiajun , Fu Yaoyang , Tang Anying , Gao Xingle , Zhang Danhua , Shen Yuting , Mou Tingting , Hu Shaohua , Gao Jingfang , Lai Jianbo
Published: January 2023

Background

Most of the previous studies have demonstrated the potential antidepressive and anxiolytic role of prebiotic supplement in male subjects, yet few have females enrolled. Herein, we explored whether prebiotics administration during chronic stress prevented depression‐like and anxiety‐like behavior in a sex‐specific manner and the mechanism of behavioral differences caused by sex.

Methods

Female and male C57 BL/J mice on normal diet were supplemented with or without a combination of fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS) during 3‐ and 4‐week chronic restraint stress (CRS) treatment, respectively. C57 BL/J mice on normal diet without CRS were used as controls. Behavior consequences, gut microbiota, dysfunction of gut and brain–blood barriers, and inflammatory profiles were measured.

Results

In the 3rd week, FOS + GOS administration attenuated stress‐induced anxiety‐like behavior in female, but not in male mice, and the anxiolytic effects in males were observed until the 4th week. However, protective effects of prebiotics on CRS‐induced depression were not observed. Changes in the gene expression of tight junction proteins in the distal colon and hippocampus, and decreased number of colon goblet cells following CRS were restored by prebiotics only in females. In both female and male mice, prebiotics alleviated stress‐induced BBB dysfunction and elevation in pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels, and modulated gut microbiota caused by stress. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that anxiety‐like behaviors were significantly correlated with levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the hippocampus of female mice, and the abundance of specific gut microbes was also correlated with anxiety‐like behaviors, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the hippocampus of female mice.

Conclusion

Female mice were more vulnerable to stress and prebiotics than males. The gut microbiota, gut and blood–brain barrier, and inflammatory response may mediate the protective effects of prebiotics on anxiety‐like behaviors in female mice.
Recovery of insular seabird populations years after rodent eradication
Authors: Philippe‐Lesaffre Martin , Thibault Martin , Caut Stephane , Bourgeois Karen , Berr Tristan , Ravache Andreas , Vidal Eric , Courchamp Franck , Bonnaud Elsa
Published: January 2023

Seabirds have been particularly affected by invasive non‐native species, which has led to the implementation of numerous eradication campaigns for the conservation of these keystone and highly vulnerable species. Although the benefits of eradication of invasive non‐native species for seabird conservation have been demonstrated, the recovery kinetics of different seabird populations on islands after eradication remains poorly evaluated. We conducted long‐term monitoring of the number of breeding pairs of seven seabird species on a small atoll, Surprise Island, New Caledonia (southwestern tropical Pacific). Marine avifauna of the island were surveyed yearly 4 years before to 4 years after rodent eradication (conducted in 2005), and we conducted multiple one‐time surveys from ∼10 years before and ∼15 years after eradication. We sought to determine how different seabird species responded to the eradication of invasive rodents in an insular environment. Three species responded positively (two‐ to 10‐fold increase in population size) to eradication with differences in lag time and sensitivity. The number of breeding pairs increased (effect sizes = 0.49–0.95 and 0.35–0.52) for two species over 4 years post‐eradication due to immigration. One species had a longer (at least 5 years) response time than all others; breeding pairs increased for over 10 years after eradication. Long‐term sampling was necessary to observe the responses of the seabird populations on the island because of the delayed response of a species to eradication not visible in the first years after eradication. Our results confirmed the positive effects of eradication of invasive non‐native species on seabirds and emphasize the importance of mid‐ and long‐term pre‐ and posteradication surveys to decipher the mechanisms of seabird recovery and confirm the benefits of eradication for conservation purposes.
Facilitating biodiversity conservation through partnerships to achieve transformative outcomes
Authors: White Rehema M. , Schmook Birgit , Calmé Sophie , Giordano Anthony J. , Hausser Yves , Kimmel Lynn , Lecuyer Lou , Lucherini Mauro , Méndez‐Medina Crisol , Peña‐Mondragón Juan L.
Published: January 2023

Conservation biology is a mission‐driven discipline that must navigate a new relationship between conservation and science. Because conservation is a social and political as well as an ecological project, conservation biologists must practice interdisciplinarity and collaboration. In a comparative study of 7 cases (Jaguars in the Chaco, Grevy's zebra in Kenya, Beekeeping in Tanzania, Andean cats in Argentina, Jaguars in Mexico, Lobster fishing, and Black bears in Mexico), we examined motivations for collaboration in conservation, who can collaborate in conservation, and how conservation professionals can work well together. In 5 case studies, successful conservation outcomes were prioritized over livelihood benefits. In the other 2 cases, livelihoods were prioritized. All case studies employed participatory approaches. There were multiple external actors, including local and Indigenous communities, nongovernmental organizations, agencies, regional and national governments, and international organizations, which enhanced conservation and wider sustainability outcomes. Key collaboration aspects considered across the case studies were time (mismatch between relationship building and project schedules), trust required for meaningful partnerships, tools employed, and transformative potential for people, nature, and the discipline of conservation biology. We developed guidelines for successful collaboration, including long‐term commitment, knowledge integration, multiscalar and plural approaches, cultivation of trust, appropriate engagement, evaluation, supporting students, and efforts for transformation.