bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A recepção da obra de Franz Kafka no Brasil
Authors: Sousa Celeste H. M. Ribeiro de , Brito Eduardo Manoel de , Santos Maria Célia Ribeiro
Published: April 2016

O objetivo do presente ensaio é apresentar um panorama geral da recepção brasileira de Kafka. O texto inicia-se com a justificativa sobre a pertinência da pesquisa e mostra como Kafka, no início de seu processo receptivo, ou seja, 1956, foi traduzido de maneira não sistemática para o português. O primeiro texto publicado no Brasil foi Die Verwandlung, cuja versão alemã data de 1915. Entretanto a narrativa não foi traduzida a partir do alemão, mas sim do inglês. Outros textos foram traduzidos a partir do francês. Traduções diretas do original alemão só vieram a lume a partir de 1983, entre elas: Kleine Fabel, Der Geier, Gibs auf! e Vor dem Gesetz É digno de nota que, já em 1941, publicaram-se ensaios e outras informações sobre Kafka e sua obra, portanto muito antes das traduções das obras propriamente ditas. Em agosto daquele mesmo ano, por exemplo, Otto Maria Carpeaux escreveu o primeiro artigo sobre o autor no jornal Correio da Manhã. A obra de Kafka é hoje tema de inúmeras pesquisas.
Fantasien der Auslöschung: Christian Krachts Romane Faserland und 1979
Authors: Lehmann Christine
Published: April 2016

No final dos anos 90, a ciência da literatura germanística discute sobre uma “nova literatura alemã pop”. O autor Christian Kracht é considerado o fundador dessa corrente literária. A presente contribuição ocupa-se com os romances de Kracht: Faserland e 1979. Enquanto Faserland é visto freqüentemente como protótipo da literatura pop, 1979 parece sugerir antes uma saída desse gênero ainda defícil de definir. No presente trabalho os dois romances são interpretados e discutidos no que se refere aos seus elementos popliterários.
Interkulturelles Lernen und lehrbuchgestütze, individualisierende Unterrichtsformen im schulischen DaF-Unterricht
Authors: Baumgärtel Stephan
Published: April 2016

Este ensaio discute as possibilidades de integrar os aspetos linguísticos e semânticos da abordagem didática intercultural para o ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira. Baseando-se na concepção de alteridade como uma noção relacional, isto é, a imagem do outro depende fundamentalmente da compreensão da própria cultura e das historias, valores e realidades sociais inscritas nela, o artigo propõe uma didática que use o ensino de formas morfosintáticas para instigar reflexões interculturais. Além disso, propõe-se uma didática voltada às reações individualizadas por parte dos alunos para poder aproveitar plenamente as diferenças das noções do próprio e do outro. Neste contexto, sugere e discute-se atividades didáticas que permitam fazer uso do livro didático para criar e explorar material interculturalmente significante.
El Nobel olvidado: algunas notas sobre la contribución de Carl Spitteler a la evolución de la narrativa suiza en el siglo XX
Authors: Hernández Isabel
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo trata de expor como a obra do único Prêmio Nobel das letras suíças, hoje completamente esquecido, teve uma importância excepcional para a configuração da narrativa suíça nas épocas seguintes, sem que a crítica literária se conscientizasse disso. Por outro lado, se tenta dar uma resposta à pergunta freqüente, por que uma distinção tão importante foi concedida a um autor que não pôde ultrapassar as fronteiras da Confederação Helvética e da sua própria época.
Fausts Wette und der Prozess der Moderne. Zur historischen und aktuellen Bedeutung der Tragödie Goethes
Authors: Jaeger Michael
Published: April 2016

O artigo enfatiza que um elemento central no pacto demoníaco configurado por Goethe em seu Fausto simboliza também a força motriz da Modernidade: a negação ininterrupta do presente. Diferentemente das interpretações tradicionais que vêem Fausto como figura positiva e a sua aspiração como virtude do homem moderno, o autor expõe a dimensão destrutiva da inquietude fáustica, a qual deve ser questionada pelo público contemporâneo. Na perspectiva do autor, os contrapontos efetivos ao ritmo destrutivo da Modernidade seriam, como o próprio Goethe parece sugerir no drama, a atitude religiosa (em sentido amplo, não convencional) e a arte de inspiração clássica, que propicia a reflexão e o “deter-se” no instante presente.
Zur Herausbildung der Kategorie Modalverb in der Grammatikographie des Deutschen (und des Portugiesischen)
Authors: Johnen Thomas
Published: April 2016

Este estudo analisa a formação da categoria de verbo modal na gramaticografia do alemão, desde as primeiras gramáticas do século XVI até a sua “canonização” na primeira metade do século XX, apontando também para alguns paralelos com o tratamento dos verbos modais na gramaticografia do português, bem como as influências da gramaticografia do alemão sobre a formação desta categoria na gramaticografia do português.
Die Erzählfähigkeit eines zweisprachig aufwachsenden Geschwisterpaares: eine exemplarische Analyse
Authors: Schweiger Kathrin
Published: April 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a capacidade de crianças narrarem em alemão. Como exemplo, observaram-se dois irmãos bilíngües (alemão – português). Na primeira parte, será explicada a teoria da ‘Pragmática Funcional’, assim como o padrão acional verbal complexo da narração na vida cotidiana. A segunda parte, empírica, explicará as condições e características de uma narração através de um corpus selecionado.
Franz Kafka, leitor de Heinrich von Kleist
Authors: Brito Eduardo Manoel de
Published: April 2016

A fortuna crítica sobre Franz Kafka é pródiga em relacionar o modo de o escritor construir sua narrativa e algo dos próprios temas com a produção kleistiana. Como uma forma de refletir sobre isso, atentarei para dois críticos que expuseram aspectos desta relação em solo brasileiro: Otto Maria Carpeaux e Luiz Costa Lima . Distados várias décadas, os dois parecem, contudo, possuir certas linhas de confluência na abordagem kleistiana da obra de Franz Kafka. Após expor aspectos da relação Kleist-Kafka nos recortes da crítica brasileira, buscarei referências a Kleist em textos não literários de Kafka com a finalidade de encontrar neles um fundamento para o que é afirmado pelos críticos tratados neste ensaio.
Ecos de Rousseau em “Das fremde Kind” de E. T. A. Hoffmann
Authors: Marques José Oscar De Almeida
Published: April 2016

Para além da influência geral de Rousseau na constituição do ideário estético do Romantismo, as relações mais diretas que o ligam ao grande romântico alemão E. T. A. Hoffmann são merecedoras de um estudo detalhado. Um tal estudo deveria confrontar não só as obras, mas as próprias vidas, já que são notáveis os paralelos biográficos entre os dois autores. Neste trabalho limito-me a examinar um único texto de Hoffmann, o conto de fadas “Das fremde Kind”, buscando mostra r que os ecos rousseaunianos nessa obra são bem mais profundos do que uma mera re-elaboração do desgastado e superficial clichê do “bom selvagem”.
Aspectos de pragmaticalização de marcadores discursivos no alemão e no português
Authors: Simões José Da Silva
Published: April 2016

Neste artigo, discute-se o papel discursivo, semântico e sintático dos marcadores discursivos de origem conjuncional do alemão e do português ( wobei, weil e obwohl; porque e que) e enumeram-se algumas evidências a respeito do processo de gramaticalização/pragmaticalização desses marcadores em ambas as lí nguas. O estudo faz parte de um projeto de análise contrastiva dos processos de gramaticalização das sentenças complexas do alemão e do português e toma como base uma perspectiva teórica cognitivo-discursiva.
Vertextungsstrategien in brasilianischen und deutschen Magistereinleitungen – eine exemplarische Analyse
Authors: Schweiger Kathrin
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa a estrutura retórica da “introdução“ em dissertações brasileiras e alemãs da área de lingüística (estudo de caso).  Tomando como base o modelo CARS (“Create a Research Space”) de Swales (1990) e Hutz (1997) sobre a estrutura genérica de introduções de artigos acadêmicos em inglês, o objetivo desta  pesquisa é investigar se as introduções de dissertações seguem um esquema comunicativo-prop osicional, e, se for o caso, de que maneira se distinguem as introduções em relação às culturas e disciplinas. Até que ponto se pode falar da “universalidade do discurso acadêmico”, como proclama Widdowson (1979)?
Kognitive und kulturelle Aspekte des Übersetzens
Authors: Wotjak Gerd
Published: April 2016

In dieser Arbeit wird der Interrela tion zwischen kulturellen, kognitiven und kommunikativ-sprachlichen Phänomenen nachgegangen. Kulturelles prägt nicht nur das enzyklopädische Weltwissen, sondern beeinf lusst auch die Sprache als System und den Sprachgebrauch. Kulturelles Wissen  manifestiert sich in den Bedeutungen bestimmter Lexeme, in kulturgeprägten Weltwissensrepräsentationen, als Handlungsmusterwissen und Verhaltensstereotypkenntnis, sowie in Präf erenzen für die Selektion, Anordnung und Kombination von sprachlichen Systemelementen  lexikalischer wie morphosyntaktischer Art zu Textsortenexemplaren. Die der Übersetzungstä tigkeit daraus erwach senden Schwierigkeiten werden differenziert durchleuchtet.
Frases célebres do Fausto: um desafio para a tradução
Authors: Reichmann Tinka
Published: April 2016

Neste trabalho pretendo analisar a relação entre frases célebres e a tradução. Inicialmente discutirei a origem e as particular idades do termo “Geflügelte Worte“ em alemão. A seguir apresentarei traduções para o português de frases célebres muito conhecidas do Fausto de Goethe, a fim de ilustrar a complexidade estrutural e semântica das mesmas e, conseqüentemente, o especial desafio que elas representam para a tradução. Ao final, mostrarei que frases célebres alteradas são um recurso es tilístico freqüente da linguagem jornalística e publicitária e tecerei alguns breves comentário s sobre como lidar com este fenômeno na tradução.
A volta da violência na política alemã. Estratégias legitimadoras na autobiografia de uma protagonista dos anos 1970
Authors: Galle Helmut
Published: April 2016

Entre as diferentes funções que uma autobiografia pode assumir está a reivindicação de reconhecimento. Vários dos integrantes da esquerda militante alemã dos anos 1970, que romperam radicalmente com a sociedade, publicaram, nos últimos anos, textos autobiográficos. Na presente análise do livro de Inge Viett, a autora discute a questão da responsabilidade de seus atos violentos com o propósito de alcançar o reconhecimento de seus leitores.
Fora dos muros: entre a Bildung e a Revelação
Authors: Krausz Luis S.
Published: April 2016

Este artigo trata da rápida substituição de paradigmas que se processa no seio da comunidade judaica alemã nas primeiras décadas do século 19, como resultado da derrubada dos muros que, até então, separavam os judeus dos alemães cristãos. O triunfo das idéias do Iluminismo bem como sua rápida penetração no âmbito de uma comunidade ansiosa por integração numa sociedade que prometia a igualdade entre todos os seus membros, independentemente de sua origem étnica ou religiosa, estimulou, entre os judeus egressos dos guetos, a adoção de novas visões de mundo e de novos conceitos de nacionalidade e espiritualidade. Uma das passagens centrais nesse processo de mudança é descrita pelo escritor Berthold Auerbach (1812-1882) como a transformação da idéia de Revelação, central à tradição judaica, em Bildung, fundamental na cultura alemã do século 19. Trata-se de uma mudança de paradigmas que explica, de certa forma, a grande afinidade dos judeus do mundo de língua alemã com a reflexão humanística de seu tempo, que parece ocupar o lugar privilegiado antes reservado aos estudos de caráter religioso.
A peça radiofônica alemã dos últimos sessenta anos
Authors: Eggensperger Klaus
Published: April 2016

O artigo aborda a trajetória da peça radiofônica alemã do pós-guerra. Depois de uma introdução ao gênero da radiopeça, são comentados três peças exemplares: Träume de Günter Eich, NWDR 1951, como exemplo típico de uma radiopeça literária, e Träume 1951 - Musikalischer Epilog de Hans Schüttler, NDR, do ano 2007, uma obra representativa da Audio-Art contemporânea. O último exemplo é de uma radiopeça pop, Eisstadt, WDR 2005, de Schorsch Kamerun. Eisstadt, uma bricolagem com a mesma pretensão política de Träume, mistura a cultura erudita com a cultura de massa e combina os mais diversos estilos de língua e de música. Ultimamente, com a valorização do audio na Alemanha, a peça radiofônica está passando por uma fase de revitalização, porém sob condições diversas daquelas dos anos cinquenta.
Hammerstein: uma história alemã
Authors: Heise Eloá
Published: April 2016

ENZENSBERGER, Hans Magnus. Hammerstein ou a Obstinação. Trad. Samuel Titan Jr. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 2009.
Apolipoprotein E
−/−
Mice Lacking Hemopexin Develop Increased Atherosclerosis via Mechanisms That Include Oxidative Stress and Altered Macrophage Function
Authors: Mehta Niyati U. , Grijalva Victor , Hama Susan , Wagner Alan , Navab Mohamad , Fogelman Alan M. , Reddy Srinivasa T.
Published: April 2016

Objective—

We previously reported that hemopexin (Hx), a heme scavenger, is significantly increased and associated with proinflammatory high-density lipoprotein under atherogenic conditions. Although it is established that Hx together with macrophages plays a role in mitigating oxidative damage, the role of Hx in the development of atherosclerosis is unknown.

Approach and Results—

We used Hx and apoE double-knockout mice (HxE
−/−
) to determine the role of Hx in the development of atherosclerosis. HxE
−/−
mice had significantly more free heme, reactive oxygen species, and proinflammatory high-density lipoprotein in their circulation, when compared with control apoE
−/−
mice. Atherosclerotic plaque area (apoE
−/−
=9.72±2.5×10
4
μm
2
and HxE
−/−
=27.23±3.6×10
4
μm
2
) and macrophage infiltration (apoE
−/−
=38.8±5.8×10
3
μm
2
and HxE
−/−
=103.4±17.8×10
3
μm
2
) in the aortic sinus were significantly higher in the HxE
−/−
mice. Atherosclerotic lesions in the aortas were significantly higher in the HxE
−/−
mice compared with apoE
−/−
mice. Analysis of polarization revealed that macrophages from HxE
−/−
mice were more M1-like. Ex vivo studies demonstrated that HxE
−/−
macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity was significantly reduced when compared with apoE
−/−
mice. Injection of human Hx into HxE
−/−
mice reduced circulating heme levels and human Hx pretreatment of naive bone marrow cells ex vivo resulted in a shift from M1- to M2-like macrophages.

Conclusions—

We conclude that Hx plays a novel protective role in alleviating heme-induced oxidative stress, improving inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein, macrophage phenotype and function, and inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis in apoE
−/−
mice.
Micro-RNAs and High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism
Authors: Canfrán-Duque Alberto , Lin Chin-Sheng , Goedeke Leigh , Suárez Yajaira , Fernández-Hernando Carlos
Published: April 2016

Improved prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is one of the challenges in Western societies, where ischemic heart disease and stroke are the leading cause of death. Early epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between circulating high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular diseases. The cardioprotective effect of HDL is because of its ability to remove cholesterol from plaques in the artery wall to the liver for excretion by a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. Numerous studies have reported the role that micro-RNAs (miRNA) play in the regulation of the different steps in reverse cholesterol transport, including HDL biogenesis, cholesterol efflux, and cholesterol uptake in the liver and bile acid synthesis and secretion. Because of their ability to control different aspects of HDL metabolism and function, miRNAs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets to combat cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the miRNA–mediated control of HDL metabolism. We also discuss how HDL particles serve as carriers of miRNAs and the potential use of HDL-containing miRNAs as cardiovascular diseases biomarkers.
Nationwide Study on the Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Khalid Usman , Egeberg Alexander , Ahlehoff Ole , Smedegaard Laerke , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Hansen Peter Riis
Published: April 2016

Objective—

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex multifactorial disease associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Increased inflammation including T-helper 17 cell–mediated effects has been implicated in AAA pathogenesis. Psoriasis is considered to be a T-helper 17-driven chronic inflammatory disease and in view of potentially overlapping inflammatory mechanisms, we investigated the risk of AAA in patients with psoriasis in a nationwide cohort.

Approach and Results—

The study comprised all Danish residents aged ≥18 years followed up from January 1, 1997, until diagnosis of AAA, December 31, 2011, migration or death. Information on comorbidity, concomitant medication, and socioeconomic status was identified by individual-level linkage of administrative registers. Incidence rates for AAA were calculated and incidence rate ratios adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, medications, socioeconomic status, and smoking were estimated in Poisson regression models. A total of 5 495  203 subjects were eligible for analysis. During the study period, we identified 59 423 patients with mild psoriasis and 11 566 patients with severe psoriasis. The overall incidence rates of AAA were 3.72, 7.30, and 9.87 per 10 000 person-years for the reference population (23 696 cases), mild psoriasis (240 cases), and severe psoriasis (50 cases), respectively. The corresponding adjusted incidence rate ratios for AAA were increased in patients with psoriasis with incidence rate ratios of 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.39) and 1.67 (confidence interval, 1.21–2.32) for subjects with mild and severe disease, respectively.

Conclusions—

In a nationwide cohort, psoriasis was associated with a disease severity-dependent increased risk of AAA. The mechanisms and consequences of this novel finding require further investigation.
Vascular Actions of Angiotensin 1–7 in the Human Microcirculation
Authors: Durand Matthew J. , Zinkevich Natalya S. , Riedel Michael , Gutterman David D. , Nasci Victoria L. , Salato Valerie K. , Hijjawi John B. , Reuben Charles F. , North Paula E. , Beyer Andreas M.
Published: April 2016

Objective—

This study examined vascular actions of angiotensin 1–7 (ANG 1–7) in human atrial and adipose arterioles.

Approach and Results—

The endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) switches from antiproliferative nitric oxide (NO) to proatherosclerotic hydrogen peroxide in arterioles from humans with coronary artery disease (CAD). Given the known vasoprotective properties of ANG 1–7, we tested the hypothesis that overnight ANG 1–7 treatment restores the NO component of FMD in arterioles from patients with CAD. Endothelial telomerase activity is essential for preserving the NO component of vasodilation in the human microcirculation; thus, we also tested whether telomerase activity was necessary for ANG 1–7–mediated vasoprotection by treating separate arterioles with ANG 1–7±the telomerase inhibitor 2-[[(2E)-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-1-oxo-2-butenyl1-yl]amino]benzoic acid. ANG 1–7 dilated arterioles from patients without CAD, whereas dilation was significantly reduced in arterioles from patients with CAD. In atrial arterioles from patients with CAD incubated with ANG 1–7 overnight, the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester abolished FMD, whereas the hydrogen peroxide scavenger polyethylene glycol catalase had no effect. Conversely, in vessels incubated with ANG 1–7+2-[[(2E)-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-1-oxo-2-butenyl1-yl]amino]benzoic acid, NG-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester had no effect on FMD, but polyethylene glycol catalase abolished dilation. In cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells, ANG 1–7 significantly increased telomerase activity. These results indicate that ANG 1–7 dilates human microvessels, and dilation is abrogated in the presence of CAD. Furthermore, ANG 1–7 treatment is sufficient to restore the NO component of FMD in arterioles from patients with CAD in a telomerase-dependent manner.

Conclusions—

ANG 1–7 exerts vasoprotection in the human microvasculature via modulation of telomerase activity.
Striatal Associative Learning Signals Are Tuned to In-groups
Authors: Powers Katherine E. , Somerville Leah H. , Kelley William M. , Heatherton Todd F.
Published: April 2016

An important feature of adaptive social behavior is the ability to flexibly modify future actions based on the successes or failures of past experiences. The ventral striatum (VS) occupies a central role in shaping behavior by using feedback to evaluate actions and guide learning. The current studies tested whether feedback indicating the need to update social knowledge would engage the VS, thereby facilitating subsequent learning. We also examined the sensitivity of these striatal signals to the value associated with social group membership. Across two fMRI studies, participants answered questions testing their knowledge about the preferences of personally relevant social groups who were high (in-group) or low (out-group) in social value. Participants received feedback indicating whether their responses were correct or incorrect on a trial-by-trial basis. After scanning, participants were given a surprise memory test examining memory for the different types of feedback. VS activity in response to social feedback correlated with subsequent memory, specifying a role for the VS in encoding and updating social knowledge. This effect was more robust in response to in-group than out-group feedback, indicating that the VS tracks variations in social value. These results provide novel evidence of a neurobiological mechanism adaptively tuned to the motivational relevance of the surrounding social environment that focuses learning efforts on the most valuable social outcomes and triggers adjustments in behavior when necessary.
Revisiting the Role of the Fusiform Face Area in Expertise
Authors: Bilalić Merim
Published: April 2016

The fusiform face area (FFA) is considered to be a highly specialized brain module because of its central importance for face perception. However, many researchers claim that the FFA is a general visual expertise module that distinguishes between individual examples within a single category. Here, I circumvent the shortcomings of some previous studies on the FFA controversy by using chess stimuli, which do not visually resemble faces, together with more sensitive methods of analysis such as multivariate pattern analysis. I also extend the previous research by presenting chess positions, complex scenes with multiple objects, and their interrelations to chess experts and novices as well as isolated chess objects. The first experiment demonstrates that chess expertise modulated the FFA activation when chess positions were presented. In contrast, single chess objects did not produce different activation patterns among experts and novices even when the multivariate pattern analysis was used. The second experiment focused on the single chess objects and featured an explicit task of identifying the chess objects but failed to demonstrate expertise effects in the FFA. The experiments provide support for the general expertise view of the FFA function but also extend the scope of our understanding about the function of the FFA. The FFA does not merely distinguish between different exemplars within the same category of stimuli. More likely, it parses complex multiobject stimuli that contain numerous functional and spatial relations.
Diversity of endosymbiont bacteria associated with a non-filarial nematode group
Authors: Lazarova Stela S. , Brown Derek J.F. , Oliveira C. Marcelo G. , Fenton Brian , MacKenzie Katrin , Wright Frank , Malloch Gaynor , Neilson Roy
Published: April 2016

There is a significant knowledge gap with regard to non-filarial nematodes and their relationships, if any, with intracellular bacteria, with only sporadic reports in the literature. An intracellular bacteriaXiphinematobacter, belonging to subdivision 2 of the Verrucomicrobia, was previously reported in the ovaries of three species of the non-filarialXiphinema americanum-group of nematodes. We explored the diversity ofXiphinematobacterin 22 populations ofX. americanumsourced from six continents and conservatively have identified nine phylotypes, six of which have not previously been reported. A geographic basis to the phylotypes was noted with phylotypes A and B only found in Europe, whereas phylotypes F, G, H and I were mainly found in North America. Phylotypes C, D and E showed greater geographical variation. Sequences ofXiphinematobacterfrom this study help to inform the taxonomy of Verrucomicrobia such that the status and composition of Verrucomicrobia subdivision 2 potentially requires reflection.
On the Temporal Precision of Thought: Individual Differences in the Multisensory Temporal Binding Window Predict Performance on Verbal and Nonverbal Problem Solving Tasks
Authors: Zmigrod Leor , Zmigrod Sharon
Published: April 2016

Although psychology is greatly preoccupied by the tight link between the way that individuals perceive the world and their intelligent, creative behavior, there is little experimental work on the relationship between individual differences in perception and cognitive ability in healthy populations. Here, individual differences in problem solving ability were examined in relation to multisensory perception as measured by tolerance for temporal asynchrony between auditory and visual inputs, i.e., the multisensory temporal binding window. The results demonstrated that enhanced performance in both verbal and nonverbal problem solving tasks (the Remote Associates Test and Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices Task) is predicted by a narrower audio-visual temporal binding window, which reflects greater sensitivity to subtle discrepancies in sensory inputs. This suggests that the precision of individuals’ temporal window of multisensory integration might mirror their capacities for complex reasoning and thus the precision of their thoughts.
Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae)
Authors: MENEZES ISIS SÁ , ALE-ROCHA ROSALY
Published: April 2016

A revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker resulted in the re-description of four species and the description of nine new species: Syneches amazonicus sp. nov., S. angulatus sp. nov., S. applanatus sp. nov., S. bilobatus sp. nov., S. equatoriensis sp. nov., S. exilis sp. nov., S. maculosum sp. nov., S. striatus sp. nov., S. tenebricus sp. nov., and two new synonymies: S. quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1805) = S. curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) and S. hispidus Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008 = S. repletus Bezzi, 1909. The male of S. fuscescens Bezzi and the female of S. annulipes Bezzi are described and their terminalia are illustrated. Geographic records for S. annulipes Bezzi, S. curvipes (Fabricius), S. fuscescens Bezzi, S. manaos Smith, S. moraballi Smith, S. rafaeli Ale-Rocha & Vieira, S. repletus Bezzi and S. walkeri Smith and an identification key for the species recorded in the Amazon are provided.
A remarkable new species of Coeliccia from the Tuyen Lam Lake area, Lam Dong, southern Vietnam (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae)
Authors: DOW RORY A.
Published: April 2016

Coeliccia suoitia sp. nov. (holotype ♂, from Suoi Tia, Tuyen Lam Lake, Da Lat, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, deposited in RMNH) is described from males from southern Vietnam. It is a distinctive species that possess highly unusual characters in the thorax and anal appendages that make its ultimate generic placement questionable. Relationships between Coeliccia Kirby, Asthenocnemis Lieftinck and Indocnemis Laidlaw, and within Coeliccia, are briefly discussed.
Simulation of Doppler Lidar Measurement Range and Data Availability
Authors: Boquet Matthieu , Royer Philippe , Cariou Jean-Pierre , Machta Mehdi , Valla Matthieu
Published: April 2016

The measurement range of a coherent wind Doppler lidar (CWDL) along a laser beam is the maximum distance from the lidar where wind speed data are accurately retrieved. It means that, at this distance, a sufficient number of emitted laser photons are backscattered and received by the lidar. Understanding of the propagation of the laser through the atmosphere, and particularly the backscattering and extinction processes from aerosols, is therefore important to estimate the metrological performances of a CWDL instrument. The range is directly related to specific instrument characteristics and atmospheric content, such as the aerosols type, size, and density distributions. Associated with the measurement range is the notion of data availability, which can be defined, at a given range and over a time period, as the percentage number of data retrieved correctly by the CWDL over the total number of measurement attempts.

This paper proposes a new approach to predict the CWDL data availability and range of measurement using both instrumental simulation and atmospheric observations of aerosol optical properties from weather stations and simulations. This method is applied in several CWDL measurement campaigns during which estimated data availabilities and ranges are compared with the observations. It is shown that it is fairly possible to anticipate the data availability and the range coverage of CWDL technology at any site of interest where atmospheric data are available. The method also offers an additional way to diagnose the operation of the instrument and will help in the design of future instruments.
Natural History of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Relation to the Hemodynamic Environment
Authors: Sakellarios Antonis I. , Bizopoulos Paschalis , Papafaklis Michail I. , Athanasiou Lambros , Exarchos Themis , Bourantas Christos V. , Naka Katerina K. , Patterson Andrew J. , Young Victoria E. L. , Gillard Jonathan H. , Parodi Oberdan , Michalis Lampros K. , Fotiadis Dimitrios I.
Published: April 2016

Carotid atherosclerosis may lead to devastating clinical outcomes such as stroke. Data on the value of local factors in predicting progression in carotid atherosclerosis are limited. Our aim was to investigate the association of local endothelial shear stress (ESS) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation with the natural history of atherosclerotic disease using a series of 3 time points of human magnetic resonance data. Three-dimensional lumen/wall reconstruction was performed in 12 carotids, and blood flow and LDL mass transport modeling were performed. Our results showed that an increase in plaque thickness and a decrease in lumen size were associated with low ESS and high LDL accumulation in the arterial wall. Low ESS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.31-3.88; P < .001 vs higher ESS) and high LDL concentration (OR: 3.26; 95% CI: 2.44-4.36; P < .001 vs higher LDL concentration) were significantly associated with substantial local plaque growth. Low ESS and high LDL accumulation both presented a diagnostic accuracy of 67% for predicting plaque growth regions. Modeling of blood flow and LDL mass transport show promise in predicting progression of carotid atherosclerosis.
An unusual site for a snakebite
Authors: Ajay Kumar S , Vinay Kumar MS , Raghavendra Babu YP , Mahadeshwara Prasad DR
Published: April 2016

Snakebites are an important cause of death in rural and suburban India. Most of these deaths occur due to envenomation. The incidence of snake bite is highest in developing countries with the most common site of such bites in the lower limbs. Here, we present a case where a 12-year-old boy had been bitten on his face which is an unusual site and as a consequence the treating doctor failed to make the correct diagnosis promptly and the boy died.
Geometrical and mechanical modelings of dry relaxed slack plain knitted fabrics for the benefit of technical textile applications part II: Mechanical modeling induced by friction
Authors: Kurbak Arif
Published: April 2016

In this work, based on the geometrical model given in Part I, a mechanical model is created for dry relaxed slack plain knitted technical fabrics including the three-dimensional friction effects. The equilibrium of forces and moments applied on a loop are written by using the elasticity theory of thin rods. Through this model, it is shown that a dry relaxed plain knitted fabric can be in a stable state induced by friction. The application of the model was carried out on E-glass technical fabric, which was also used in Part I as its dimensional properties were obtained through the created geometrical model. In the current part, Part II, the mechanical properties of this fabric are obtained and discussed as an exemplary application.
Seroepidemiology of human Brucella infection in Yixing, China
Authors: Xiao Yue , Zou Guohua , Yin Junwei , Tan Wenwen , Zhou Jiangang , Zhang Huajun
Published: April 2016

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infection worldwide and a major public health problem in developing countries including China. The aim of our study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Brucella infection in humans in Yixing, located at the centre of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration.

A total of 895 sera from apparently healthy abattoir workers and 3303 sera from general healthy people living in rural areas were collected in Yixing, screened by Rose-Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and the positives were confirmed by standard tube agglutination test (SAT) according to official Chinese diagnostic criteria.

Seropositivity among abattoir workers was 16.42% compared to zero among the general population living in rural areas. No significant difference of seropositivity was observed in age groups.

Contact or inhalation of Brucella organisms from infected animals, principally goats, was found to be a significant risk factor. Education in occupational hygiene and public healthcare programmes are needed to control this emerging problem.
Message Strategies in Military Recruitment Advertising
Authors: Park Sejin , Shoieb Zienab , Taylor Ronald E.
Published: April 2016

This study investigates message strategies used in U.S. military commercials using Taylor’s six-segment strategy wheel. A content analysis of 125 military television commercials reveals that (1) majority of military commercials employed transformational strategy rather than informational strategy; (2) military commercials only used high involvement message strategies (i.e., ration, ego, and social) and no acute need, routine, and sensory commercials were observed; and (3) message strategies in military advertising varied across the number of wars and recruiting targets. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Are Union Members More or Less Likely to Be Environmentalists? Some Evidence from Two National Surveys
Authors: Vachon Todd E. , Brecher Jeremy
Published: April 2016

This study examines the relationship between unionization and environmental attitudes and behaviors in two national surveys. We begin by comparing the responses of union versus nonunion respondents to sixteen environmental questions in the General Social Survey for various years between 1993 and 2010. Overall, union members are, on average, slightly more likely than the general population to display pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors—having moderately greater mean values for ten of the sixteen pro-environmental items and displaying no difference on the remaining six items. Next, we look at three environmental questions in the American National Election Studies in various years between 1980 and 2012 and find union members on average to be more likely to support environmentalism than the general population for all three items. Finally, we conduct a robustness check by reducing the sample to just employed workers for each of the surveys and find the results to be substantively similar to those for the general population. This study contributes to the ongoing “jobs vs. the environment” debate as well as discussions about the ability of the labor and environmental movements to work together as a broad-based progressive movement for social change.
After the Marland Report
Authors: Jolly Jennifer L. , Robins Jennifer H.
Published: April 2016

The release of the Marland Report in 1972 is often described as a watershed moment in the field of gifted education and remains a touchstone for the field today. The report presented the federal government’s formal definition of giftedness and outlined the unique learning needs of gifted students and the challenges faced by these students in U.S. schools. This article presents an examination of the goals and outcomes set forth in the Marland Report, the context within which the report evolved, and lessons learned, which can lead to an improved understanding of this legislation and the state of the field today.
Alterations in white matter volume and its correlation with neuropsychological scales in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a DARTEL-based voxel-based morphometry study
Authors: Moon Chung-Man , Shin Il-Seon , Jeong Gwang-Woo
Published: April 2016

Background

Non-invasive imaging markers can be used to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in its early stages, but an optimized quantification analysis to measure the brain integrity has been less studied.

Purpose

To evaluate white matter volume change and its correlation with neuropsychological scales in patients with AD using a diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL)-based voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Material and Methods

The 21 participants comprised 11 patients with AD and 10 age-matched healthy controls. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were processed by VBM analysis based on DARTEL algorithm.

Results

The patients showed significant white matter volume reductions in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, cerebral peduncle of the midbrain, and parahippocampal gyrus compared to healthy controls. In correlation analysis, the parahippocampal volume was positively correlated with the Korean-mini mental state examination score in AD.

Conclusion

This study provides an evidence for localized white matter volume deficits in conjunction with cognitive dysfunction in AD. These findings would be helpful to understand the neuroanatomical mechanisms in AD and to robust the diagnostic accuracy for AD.
Work after breast cancer: Identification of cognitive difficulties using the Perceive, Recall, Plan, and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis
Authors: Lewis Joanne , Chapparo Chris , Mackenzie Lynette , Ranka Judy
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Few ecologically valid assessment tools are available for occupational therapists to evaluate the cognitive demands and performance of women with breast cancer in the workplace. This study aims to identify difficulties in work-related cognitive strategy use experienced by women with breast cancer using the Perceive, Recall, Plan, and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis.

Method

Deductive content analysis was used to code secondary data from 10 interview transcripts involving women who had breast cancer and experienced difficulties in everyday cognitive functioning after treatment. Thirty-four PRPP cognitive strategy items were used as pre-determined codes in a secondary analysis to identify and quantify specific cognitive difficulties described by the women.

Results

The 10 women experienced problems with work tasks that required the cognitive strategies related to the ‘programming’, ‘continuing’, and ‘attending’ processing categories of the PRPP system. In addition, the women demonstrated strengths in their capacity to evaluate their own thinking and performance.

Conclusion

This pilot study indicated the need for further research to determine how cognitive impairments which may occur after breast cancer treatment impact on occupational performance in a complex work environment. The PRPP System of Task Analysis was identified as a potentially useful measurement and interview tool for this purpose.
Internal migration around the world: comparing distance travelled and its frictional effect
Authors: Stillwell J , Bell M , Ueffing P , Daras K , Charles-Edwards E , Kupiszewski M , Kupiszewska D
Published: April 2016

This paper examines how internal migration distance and its frictional effect vary between countries. Such comparisons are hampered by differences in the number and configuration of spatial units for which data are available − the modifiable area unit problem (MAUP). We use the flexible aggregation routines embedded in the IMAGE Studio, a bespoke software platform which incorporates a spatial interaction model, to elucidate these scale and pattern effects in a set of countries for which finely grained origin-destination matrices are available. We model the relationship between mean migration distance and mean area size and we show that the frictional effect of distance remains remarkably stable across spatial scale, except where zones have small populations and are poorly connected. This stability allows robust comparisons between countries even though zonal systems differ. We find that mean migration distances vary widely, being highest in large, low-density countries and positively associated with urbanisation, HDI and GDP per capita. This suggests a positive link between development and migration distance, paralleling that between development and migration intensity. We find less variation in the beta parameter that measures distance friction but identify clear spatial divisions between more developed countries, with lower friction in larger, less dense countries undergoing rapid population growth.
Using a Mixed-Methods RE-AIM Framework to Evaluate Community Health Programs for Older Latinas
Authors: Schwingel Andiara , Gálvez Patricia , Linares Deborah , Sebastião Emerson
Published: April 2016

Objective: This study used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework to evaluate a promotora-led community health program designed for Latinas ages 50 and older that sought to improve physical activity, nutrition, and stress management. Method: A mixed-methods evaluation approach was administered at participant and organizational levels with a focus on the efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance components of the RE-AIM theoretical model. Results: The program was shown to be effective at improving participants’ eating behaviors, increasing their physical activity levels, and lowering their depressive symptoms. Promotoras felt motivated and sufficiently prepared to deliver the program. Some implementation challenges were reported. More child care opportunities and an increased focus on mental well-being were suggested. Discussion: The promotora delivery model has promise for program sustainability with both promotoras and participants alike expressing interest in leading future programs.
Marital Disruption and Allostatic Load in Late Life
Authors: Rote Sunshine
Published: April 2016

Objective: This study examines the link between marital disruption and biological risk, and asks whether the association of this precarious life event with health is contingent on marital loss duration and history. Method: Data are drawn from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project ( N = 1,414), and Poisson regressions are presented for allostatic load and logistic regressions for individual biomarkers. Results: The currently unmarried with more distant marital disruptions exhibit higher levels of allostatic load than the currently married, which is primarily driven by dysregulation of cardiovascular and metabolic indicators. Results also reveal the differing ways marital disruption “gets under the skin” with widowhood associated with compromised inflammatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular functioning, and divorce with cardiovascular and neuroendocrine markers. Discussion: Findings lend support for both the crisis and chronic strain models, and likely reflect normative expectations of the timing of life events, decrements in marital resources, and selection processes.
Road grade estimation based on the curvature of the vertical profile of a road
Authors: Lin Nan , Shi Shuming
Published: April 2016

A road grade estimation model which uses the curvature to express the rate of change in the grade is proposed in this paper. The assumption that the rate of change in the road grade equals zero is widely accepted in the field of online road grade estimation. This assumption is reasonable to some extent, but it results in an inevitable time lag in the rolling-hills situation. This paper offers a road curvature estimation method which can be used to express the rate of change in the road grade. The recursive least-squares algorithm is used to the estimate the curvature, and then the Kalman filter is employed to estimate the road grade from the other vehicle states. Field tests are performed on a highway in a mountainous area. The offline road grade is used to analyse the instantaneous error and the time lag. The field test results show that the model performs well in reducing the time lag, especially in periods where the gradient changes rapidly.
Dissimilar GTAW between AISI 304 and AISI 4340 steel: Multi-response optimization by analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Bhattacharya Anirban , Singla Sanchit
Published: April 2016

In general, welding of dissimilar metals is more challenging than similar metals. This paper presents the outcomes of a detailed experimental study carried out to investigate the effect of process parameters and their interactions during dissimilar welding between AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel and AISI 4340 alloy steel and proposes an approach for multi-response optimization of process parameters. Six different process parameters and three interactions amongst them are considered during gas tungsten arc welding and the results are analyzed to devise the significance and contribution of each parameter, interaction on the welded joint pertaining to tensile strength, toughness, distortion and fusion zone microhardness variation. Detailed experimental study and analysis showed that maximum tensile strength, toughness, or minimum distortion is obtained at different parametric combinations. Thus, in order to search a best process combination that optimizes multiple responses, analytic hierarchy process is applied with a modified approach to assign the relative importance of each alternative. The steps involved in the approach are also discussed and the optimum parametric combination is selected that maximizes the joint mechanical strength. Results show that maximum joint strength is achieved when ER 308 filler material, Ar + H2 shielding gas with moderate flow rate and suitable pre-heating as well as post-heating are used.
The importance of self-defense training for sexual violence prevention
Authors: Hollander Jocelyn A
Published: April 2016

Women’s self-defense training has been excluded from sexual violence prevention efforts for a variety of reasons, including concerns that it is ineffective, encourages victim blaming, neglects acquaintance assault, and does not target the underlying factors that facilitate sexual violence. In this article, I argue that these critiques are misguided, founded on (1) misunderstandings of self-defense training, (2) stereotypes about gender, and (3) individualistic assumptions about the impact of self-defense. Further, I assert that empowerment-based self-defense training helps to change the root conditions that allow violence against women to flourish. For all these reasons, and because recent research has built a case for its effectiveness, I argue that women’s empowerment-based self-defense training should be part of any sexual violence prevention effort.