bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen degradation of the limestone-urea mixtures in the rumen of goats
Authors: Harahap M. A. , Nuswantara L. K. , Pangestu E. , Wahyono F. , Achmadi J.
Published: August 2018

This experiment was aimed to study the degradation kinetics of limestone-urea mixtures in the goats rumen using the nylon bag technique. Samples of limestone were obtained from two limestone mountains, Pamotan Subdistrict of Central Java Province and Wonosari Subdistrict of Yogyakarta Province. The mixtures were created by combining urea at levels 25, 50, 75and 100%; respectively with two limestones on the basis of their Ca contents: L0U100, LP25U75, LP50U50; LP75U25, LW25U75; LW50U50; and LW75U25. The soluble fraction, potentially degradable fraction, the degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction, and effective degradation of respective dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) ruminal degradation kinetics were measured in each mixture. The mixture of LP75U25 had lowest effective and degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction (P<0.05) respectively for DM and N compared with those of other mixtures. In conclusion, the limestone-urea mixture of LP75U25 could be suggested as a dietary supplement of ruminal N slow release.
Enhancement of Hydrostatic Resistance and Mechanical Performance of Waterproof Breathable Laminated Fabrics
Authors: Razzaque Abdur , Tesinova Pavla , Hes Lubos
Published: August 2018

Waterproof breathable laminated fabrics have the special property that permits water vapour to pass through but protects by preventing the entrance of liquid water. Different characteristic properties of the layered constructions of these fabrics have good influence on their hydrostatic resistance and mechanical performance. This research study presents an experiment to enhance the hydrostatic resistance and tensile strength of four different types of hydrophobic membrane laminated waterproof fabrics by considering their breathability as well. For this purpose, water repellent coating based on C6-fluorocarbon resin along with polysiloxane hydrophobic softening agent was applied on these four different types of laminated fabrics using pad-dry-cure method. The coated fabrics were characterised by performing different experiments to evaluate the effect of coating on their hydrostatic resistance and mechanical property as well as on water vapour permeability and air permeability. From the test results and analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that hydrostatic resistance and tensile strength of the laminated fabrics were enhanced after coating along with proper water repellent property, whereas there were no significant changes in their water vapour permeability and air permeability.
Hyper-Heuristic Approach for Improving Marker Efficiency
Authors: Domović Daniel , Rolich Tomislav , Golub Marin
Published: August 2018

Marker planning is an optimization arrangement problem, where a set of cutting parts need to be placed on a thin paper without overlapping to create a marker – an exact diagram of cutting parts that will be cut from a single spread. An optimal marker that utilizes the length of textile material has to be obtained. The aim of this research was to develop novel algorithms for obtaining an efficient marker that would achieve competitive results and optimize the garment production in terms of improving the utilization of textile material. In this research, a novel Grid heuristic was introduced for obtaining a marker, alongside its improvement methods: Grid-BLP and Grid-Shaking. These heuristics were hybridized with genetic algorithm that determined the placement order of cutting parts using the newly introduced All Equal First (AEF) placement order. A novel individual representation for genetic algorithm was designed that was composed of order sequence, rotation detection and the choice of placement algorithm (hyper-heuristic). Experiments were conducted to determine the best marker making method, and hyper-heuristic efficiency. The implementation and experiments were conducted in MATLAB using GEATbx toolbox on five datasets from the garment industry: ALBANO, DAGLI, MAO, MARQUES and MAN SHIRT. Marker efficiency in percentage was recorded with best results: 84.50%, 80.13%, 79.54%, 84.67% and 86.02% obtained for the datasets respectively. The most efficient heuristic was Grid-Shaking. Hyper-heuristic applied Grid-Shaking in 88% of times. The created algorithm is independent of cutting parts’ shape. It can produce markers of arbitrary shape and is flexible in terms of expansion to new instances from the garment industry (leather nesting, avoiding damaged areas of material, marker making with materials with patterns).
Chromium removal from industrial wastewater using Phyllostachys pubescens biomass loaded Cu-S nanospheres
Authors: Ai Tian , Jiang Xiaojun , Liu Qingyu
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a new surface modification method was reported for the preparation of Phyllostachys pubescens powder as an effective adsorbent for the removal of chromium. Complex copper sulfide (Cu-S)nanospheres were evenly dispersed and loaded into the internal surface of the adsorbent, which provided both the ion exchange and oxidative-reductive properties. The composite showed an excellent adsorption efficacy for Cr(III) and Cr(VI). The surface properties of the obtained materials were characterized by FTIR and SEM. Maximum adsorption for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was observed at pH 6.1 and 1.9, respectively. The experimental sorption equilibrium data were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacities of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 52.30 mg g-1 and 94.25 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption mechanism analysis inferred that the major adsorption mode of Cr(III) was ion exchange, and Cr(VI) was oxide-reduction.
Investigating crashworthy single and double skin structures against accidental ship-to-ship interaction
Authors: Prabowo Aditya Rio , Sohn Jung Min , Bae Dong Myung , Zakki Ahmad Fauzan , Harsritanto Bangun Ir
Published: August 2018

During ship collision, hull crashworthiness is an important data which needs to be assessed as rapid development of hull structure has taken into consideration since several notable dangerous events. After catastrophic accidents cause both tragic loss of life and destruction of maritime environment, double skin system is applied for almost all ships, including RoRo passengers. This work aimed to assess effects of selected internal parameters to crashworthiness criteria, considering a passenger vessel as the target of a series of impact loads. A set of collision scenario was numerically designed using finite element (FE) method by involving single and double skin structures, target location and material grade to obtained estimation of hull crashworthiness. Assessment was focussed on the energy absorption, crushing force, stress level and failure strain of the target ship after experiencing side collisions. It was obtained from the analyses regarding role of the inner skin on tendency of the energy absorption. Failure progress on the proposed structures was successfully quantified based on stress expansion. Minimum value of material strength was concluded in final discussion to reduce more massive failure.
Preanalytical aspects on short- and long-term storage of serum and plasma
Authors: Grankvist Kjell , Gomez Ruben , Nybo Mads , Lima-Oliveira Gabriel , von Meyer Alexander
Published: August 2018

Following an ordered clinical chemistry plasma/serum test, ideally the venous blood specimen is adequately collected at a health care facility, then swiftly transported to and readily handled, analyzed and sometimes interpreted at a clinical chemistry laboratory followed by a report of the test result to the ordering physician to finally handle the result. However, often there are practical as well as sample quality reasons for short- or long-term storage of samples before and after analysis. If there are specific storage needs, the preanalytical handling practices are specified in the laboratory’s specimen collection instructions for the ordered test analyte. Biobanking of specimens over a very long time prior to analysis includes an often neglected preanalytical challenge for preserved quality of the blood specimen and also involves administrative and additional practical handling aspects (specified in a standard operating procedure – SOP) when demands and considerations from academic, industry, research organizations and authorities are included. This short review highlights some preanalytical aspects of plasma/serum short- and long- term storage that must be considered by clinicians, laboratory staff as well as the researchers.
Il frammento gnoseologico di Eutidemo
Authors: Brancacci Aldo
Published: August 2018

Euthydemus is included neither inDie Fragmente der Vorsokratikerby Diels–Kranz nor inSofisti. Testimonianze e frammentiby Untersteiner nor inEarly Greek Philosophyby Laks and Most. Likewise, the great twentieth century works on the Sophists do not give space to him, at best mentioning him briefly. Yet Euthydemus is the author of a fragment, which was quoted by Plato in hisCratylus, and on which again there is no modern study. This paper sets out to study this fragment in depth, to review and discuss the various translations, both existing and possible, to study the context of Plato’s quotation, to clarify the exact meaning and the theoretical scope of this important fragment, and lastly to place Euthydemus in the Protagorean tradition, of which he is a notable product.
Cuticles from Pennsylvanan Marattialean Fern“Pecopteris” Polypodioides(C. Presl in Sternberg) Němejc from Pilsen Basin (Czech Republic) and Sydney Coalfield (Canada)
Authors: Pšenička Josef , Zodrow Erwin L.
Published: August 2018

Pennsylvanian fossil-fern cuticles are notoriously difficult to extract, little can be found in the palaeobotanical literature, yet they can supply significant taxonomic/systematic, phytostratigragphic, and palaeoenvironment information. This is demonstrated for cuticles from “Pecopteris” polypodioides of the coal basins in the Czech Republic and Canada. “Pecopteris” polypodioides is a marattialean tree fern which was part of the peat-forming flora, growing in a wet environment. Due to this fact, cuticles are generally very thin, and we assume that their major function was to reduce the ability of fungal spores to germinate and bacterial to grow, thereby reducing the possibility of these agents to cause disease. The secondary function was to be a major barrier to water loss and reducing the wettability of pinnules.
Mapping War Geoheritage: Recognising Geomorphological Traces of War
Authors: Valjavec Mateja Breg , Zorn Matija , Ribeiro Daniela
Published: August 2018

In the topography of war landscapes the remains of war are found in the form of trenches, bombing craters and remnants of war infrastructure. Today war landscapes are “overlaid” by post-war “layers” of cultural landscapes. It requires non-invasive remote-sensing methods, e.g. time series of aerial photographs and high-resolution terrain models (LiDAR digital terrain model) to recognize these landscapes.

In the study area on Kras Plateau (SW Slovenia) over one hundred kilometres of World War I trenches are preserved in the NW part of the plateau (app. 72 km2) in the present-day topography and represent tangible war geoheritage. But much of these geoheritage was also lost in post-war periods, e.g. near the village of Vrtojba (SW Slovenia) where in 1917 over 12 km of World War I trenches existed, but a century later no traces of war are visible in the present-day topography. Almost two hundred World War I bomb craters also existed around the village that are also not existent in the topography any more. Many anthropo-geomorphological traces of war are thus preserved only virtually and present intangible war geoheritage.
Cold atmospheric plasma is a viable solution for treating orthopedic infection: a review
Authors: Nguyen Ly , Lu Peng , Boehm Daniela , Bourke Paula , Gilmore Brendan F. , Hickok Noreen J. , Freeman Theresa A.
Published: August 2018

Bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance are major threats to human health and very few solutions are available to combat this eventuality. A growing number of studies indicate that cold (non-thermal) plasma treatment can be used to prevent or eliminate infection from bacteria, bacterial biofilms, fungi and viruses. Mechanistically, a cold plasma discharge is composed of high-energy electrons that generate short-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which further react to form more stable compounds (NO2, H2O2, NH2Cl and others) depending on the gas mixture and plasma parameters. Cold plasma devices are being developed for medical applications including infection, cancer, plastic surgery applications and more. Thus, in this review we explore the potential utility of cold plasma as a non-antibiotic approach for treating post-surgical orthopedic infections.
Aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0025036 in lung adenocarcinoma and its potential roles in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Wu Shujun , Li Hui , Lu Chunya , Zhang Furui , Wang Huaqi , Lu Xinhua , Zhang Guojun
Published: August 2018

As the most common histological subtype of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma remains a tremendous risk to public health, which requires ceaseless efforts to elucidate the potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified with emerging roles in tumorigenesis and development. Our preliminary work noticed that hsa_circ_0025036 was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. However, its specific roles in lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear. The results in this study revealed that hsa_circ_0025036 existed as a circular form and was aberrantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Its expression level exhibited a close link with aggressive clinicopathological parameters including cancer differentiation, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. hsa_circ_0025036 knockdown significantly suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in A549 and Calu-3 cells. Moreover, hsa_circ_0025036/miR-198/SHMT1&TGF-α axis was identified via bioinformatics analysis and Dual-Luciferase Reporter assays. miR-198 inhibitors reversed the function of hsa_circ_0025036 knockdown. hsa_circ_0025036 knockdown exerted similar effects with miR-198 upregulation on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that hsa_circ_0025036 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells probably via hsa_circ_0025036/miR-198/SHMT1&TGF-α axis. hsa_circ_0025036 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
Public History in Japan
Authors: Okamoto Michihiro
Published: August 2018

This article introduces the history of historiography, specifically public history in Japan in recent times. Although the use of the word public history has not a long history and there have been only a few books and projects with public history as their titles, it does not mean that public history has not attracted wide concerns in Japan. On the contrary, there have been plenty of histories for the public through museums, theaters, television and printing matters because of the high standard of education and literacy rate of the people since the modernization of Japan. In this sense, we can discuss optimistically the future of public history in Japan. However, we should notice the problems of history among the public in that it is often too entertaining and sometimes tends to be abused for arbitrary purposes.
Changing the Game: Public History and the Space of Fiction
Authors: de Groot Jerome
Published: August 2018

In this article I argue that we need a more plural, diverse and theorised historiography for public history. In the developing methodology associated with this approach we will need to be keenly aware of international. domestic, and glocal audiences.
Digitalisierung in Unternehmen
Authors: Mandl Thomas , Schwab Ella , Heuwing Ben , Womser-Hacker Christa
Published: August 2018

Digitale Arbeitsplätze führen zu einem tiefgehenden Wandel. Dies gilt nicht nur für technologische Neuerungen. Mit der Digitalisierung gehen Änderungen in der Unternehmens- und Kommunikationskultur einher. Diese werden in der Literatur häufig beschrieben, aber entscheidend erscheint die Perspektive der Unternehmen selbst. In welchen Situationen gelingt die Digitalisierung nicht? Welche Prozesse werden als besonders anspruchsvoll und schwierig empfunden? Wie können am schnellsten Fortschritte erzielt werden? Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Durchführung und die Ergebnisse einer Fokusgruppe, die mit Führungskräften realisiert wurde, welche den Wandel durch Digitalisierung täglich erleben und gestalten. Sie sahen die wesentlichsten Hürden in den Bereichen Informationssysteme und Integration, Strukturen im Informationsmanagement sowie Führungskultur im Unternehmen.
Evolution
Authors: Moravec Jiří , Benda Petr , Dolejš Petr , Hájek Jiří , Hlaváč Jaroslav , Mlíkovský Jiří , Šanda Radek
Published: August 2018

The new zoological exposition of the National Museum will be installed in eight exhibition halls on the second floor of the Historical Building. The exposition has the preliminary title Evolution and thematically, it will follow several significant evolutionary events, which enabled animals to occupy Earth. The first two exhibition halls will be devoted to invertebrates and their ability to occupy all kinds of environments. The following two exhibition halls will introduce fish-like vertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles and they will focus on the most important evolutionary step of vertebrates – stepping out of the water and onto land. The next hall will be devoted to the origin of flight and birds’ conquering of the skies. The last two halls will be dedicated to mammals and their origins and conquering of land, water, and air. The visitor will become acquainted with contemporary organisms as the results of a long evolutionary process. The exhibitions will be based on authentic collection items to the maximum possible extent, though models and multimedia will also be used on several occasions. The exposition should also include the restoration of the popular Pokoutník Gallery.
Gallery as an Open Space. The Collaboration of the Educational Department of Prague City Gallery with a Foreign Audience
Authors: Haškovcová Lucie , Goldová Markéta Slachová , Prokopová Kateřina
Published: August 2018

Prague City Gallery, one of the major Czech cultural institutions, organises exhibitions, educational events and other accompanying programmes that are designed not only for Czech but also for foreign audiences. The purpose of this article is to introduce its activities and its openness towards foreign-language visitors - tourists, schools and students from other countries. It is not only its exhibition and the gallery’s operation that count with guests from abroad, but also the organisation of the exhibitions and the service provided for the visitors and the promotion. The interesting topics mentioned in the article include direct communication with these visitors and their integration and active involvement in the educational events. The focus of the text is on drawing inspirational and interesting examples from practice. Other activities of Prague City Gallery that are referred to in the article include cooperation with foreign countries, especially in regard to exhibitions and other similar projects. In conclusion, the development possibilities, the potential, the plans and the other visions concerning further positive development in this area are described.
On-line monitoring of cationic starch gelatinization and retrogradation by 1H NMR-relaxometry
Authors: Raunio Jenna , Nikolskaya Ekaterina , Hiltunen Yrjö
Published: August 2018

The gelatinization of cationic starch during a heating-holding-cooling cycle in a batch cook was monitored by measuring 1H NMR spin-spin relaxation rates R2 on-line. The effect of storage time and temperature (8, 20 and 60 °C) on cationic starch retrogradation was also studied. Clear differences were measured between the gelatinization and retrogradation behavior of potato starch and cereal starches (wheat and barley). The potato starch gelatinized completely when cooked at 95 °C at normal pressure, whereas cereal starches gelatinized only partially. Partial gelatinization lead to rapid retrogradation upon cooling. For fully gelatinized starch, the beginning of retrogradation was slower and began at a lower temperature. NaCl and Na2SO4 did not have a significant impact on the gelatinization of wheat starch but did affect retrogradation. The results show that NMR-relaxometry is suitable for following starch gelatinization on-line from a batch cook and that it can be used to determine whether gelatinization is complete. This technique can thus be a useful tool in paper mills for the on-line quality control of starch solutions.
Elemental zinc to zinc nanoparticles: is ZnO NPs crucial for life? Synthesis, toxicological, and environmental concerns
Authors: Ali Attarad , Phull Abdul-Rehman , Zia Muhammad
Published: August 2018

The semi-conducting material zinc is one of the essential trace elements for humans, is a co-factor of more than 300 enzymes, and plays an important role in maintaining vital cellular functions. Deficiency of zinc may lead to cancer initiation; however, a high concentration also has toxic effects that might be life threatening. The toxicity can be addressed by the disequilibrium of zinc-mediated proteins and oxidative stress that produce nascent oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and other reactive oxygen species. Zinc-based nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most important and multifunctional compounds. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs exhibit attractive antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties due to the smaller particle size and increased particle surface reactivity. Further, these are more biocompatible compared to other metallic NPs, easily synthesizable, and have high selectivity, enhanced cytotoxicity, and are a promising anticancer agent. However, some of the pertinent concerns regarding nano-zinc still needs to be clarified. Current research also demonstrates their usage in wastewater treatment, textile, medicine, etc. This review covers the importance of zinc for living systems and its NPs, with more emphasis on ZnO NPs. A comprehensive overview of ZnO NPs, their synthesis, characterization techniques, crystal structure, properties, and brief industrial applications are presented.
Entomophagous Response of Albino Rats to Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana) Meal
Authors: Boateng M. , Okai  , Frimpong Y. O. , Ntim A. , Acheampong Y. S.
Published: August 2018

An experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient composition and effects of cockroach (Periplaneta americana) meal on the growth performance, economics of production and the absolute and relative weights of some internal organs of albino rats. Twelve (12) male albino rats with an average weight of 67.5g were randomly allotted three dietary treatments: T0 with no cockroach meal, and T1 and T2 with 2% and 4% cockroach meal respectively in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). Each treatment had four rats and each rat served as a replicate. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The rats were euthanized and their internal organs were weighed at the end of a 28-day feeding trial. Data obtained were analysed using the analysis of variance procedure of the GenStat Statistical Package version 11.1. There were no significant differences in feed intake (P = 0.633), average daily gain (ADG)(P = 0.670) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)(P = 0.326) for the various treatments. The FCR figures recorded for T0, T1 and T2 were 4.81, 4.37 and 4.17 respectively whilst the inclusion of cockroach meal reduced feed cost by 3% and 7% in dietary treatments T1 and T2 respectively. Most of the internal organs recorded no significant difference (P >0.05) but rats on the cockroach meal diets recorded significantly (P = 0.001) lower relative heart weights. Relative kidney weights were also smaller (P = 0.034) for rats on diets containing 4% cockroach meal. Feeding diets containing up to 4% cockroach meal had no negative effects on the feed intake, ADG and FCR of the rats, and can therefore be safely fed to monogastrics up to 4% of the diet.
Structure and properties of PA6-66/γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-modified clay nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization
Authors: Liu Xiaochao , Lai Dengwang , Liu Yuejun , Shi Pu , Wang Wenzhi , Tan Jinghua , Mao Long , Yang Jun
Published: August 2018

In this study, PA6-66/γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-modified clay nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. It was found that the γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was chemically grafted onto clay successfully, and the covalent bond was formed between the clay and polymer chains. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained. The PA6-66 nanocomposites exhibited improved mechanical performance compared to that of neat PA6-66. Most importantly, the PA6-66 nanocomposites showed significantly improved toughness. In comparison with neat PA6-66, the rupture stress and elongation at the break of the nanocomposite with only 0.5 wt% clay increased 91.9% and 91.8%, respectively. The excellent toughness of PA6-66 nanocomposites should be mainly ascribed to the combined effects of strong polymer-clay interaction, the intercalated-exfoliated structures of clay, refined crystalline, formation of γ-form crystals, and decreased crystallinity of PA6-66.
Tribological and mechanical properties of polyamide-11/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Sahnoune Mohamed , Kaci Mustapha , Taguet Aurélie , Delbé Karl , Mouffok Samir , Abdi Said , Lopez-Cuesta José-Marie , Focke Walter W.
Published: August 2018

This article reports some morphological, tribological, and mechanical data on polyamide-11(PA11)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites prepared by melt-compounding. HNTs extracted from the Djebel Debbagh deposit in Algeria were incorporated into the polymer at 1, 3, and 5 wt%. For comparison, commercial HNTs were also used under the same processing conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed that both HNTs were homogeneously dispersed in the PA11 matrix, despite the presence of few aggregates, in particular at higher filler contents. The tribological properties were significantly improved, resulting in a decrease in the friction coefficient and the wear rate characteristics due to the lubricating effect of HNTs. This is consistent with optical profilometry data, which evidenced the impact of both types of HNTs on the surface topography of the nanocomposite samples, in which the main wear process was plastic deformation. Furthermore, Young’s modulus and tensile strength were observed to increase with the filler content, but to the detriment of elongation at break and impact strength. Regarding the whole data, the raw Algerian halloysite led to interesting results in PA11 nanocomposites, thus revealing its potential in polymer engineering nanotechnology.
A modified approach for automated reference point determination of SLR and VLBI telescopes
Authors: Lösler Michael , Eschelbach Cornelia , Riepl Stefan
Published: August 2018

The International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is derived by combining several space geodetic techniques. Basically, a meaningful combination of the geodesic space techniques is impossible without further geometrical information, i. e. local-ties. Local-tie vectors are defined between the geometrical reference points of space geodetic techniques at co-location stations. These local-ties are introduced during the inter-technique combination process, to overcome the weak physical connection between the space geodetic techniques. In particular, the determination of the reference point of radio telescopes or laser telescopes is a challenging task and requires indirect methods. Moreover, the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) strives for an automated and continued reference point determination with sub-millimeter accuracy, because deviations in local-ties bias global results.

This investigation presents a modified approach for automated reference point determination. The new approach extends the prior work of Lösler but evades the synchronization between the terrestrial instrument and the telescope. Thus, synchronization errors are omitted and the technical effort is reduced. A proof of concept was carried out at Geodetic Observatory Wettzell in 2018. Using a high-precision, mobile laser-tracker, the reference point of the Satellite Observing System Wettzell (SOS-W) was derived. An extended version of the in-house developed software package HEIMDALL was employed for a mostly automated data collection. To evaluate the estimated reference point, the derived results are compared with the results of two approved models.
Strength Criteria Based on Shear Failure Planes and Test Verification on Loess
Authors: Shao Shuai , Shao Sheng-jun , Wang Qiang
Published: August 2018

Experimental results on loess preliminarily verified shear failure planes under axisymmetric compression stresses as well as their corresponding isotropic strength criteria, which exhibit the inherent natural structure behavior. However, when loading is applied to loess, its natural structure can be destroyed. Induced anisotropy complicates the structural behavior of loess. On the basis of shear failure planes responding to Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, and Matsuoka-Nakai criteria, the axisymmetric compression spatially mobilized plane (AC-SMP) was carried out according to the following principles: (1) shear stress is directly proportional to normal stress, (2) failure strength is constant under axisymmetric triaxial compression, and (3) as the location of SMP changes with the rotation of principal stress axes, the isotropic failure criterion of AC-SMP is proposed. Changes in strength properties of loess with vertical microfractures and horizontal isotropy were investigated by true triaxial tests of loess under loading the major principal stress in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively. True triaxial test results indicate the isotropic failure criteria of AC-SMP in a single direction. Comparison of the strength law under loading in the vertical microfractures direction with that in the horizontal direction displays the anisotropic strength of the natural structure of loess.
Collaborative Creation and Implementation of a Michigan Sustainability Case on Urban Farming in Detroit
Authors: Boone Lauren , Ultee Lizz , Waisanen Ed , Newell Joshua P. , Thorne Joshua A. , Hardin Rebecca
Published: August 2018

The University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability (SEAS) seeks to transform sustainability learning through new curricular tools that incorporate multimedia sources, build both scientific and professional skills, and nurture partnerships with practitioners for extended engaged learning beyond the classroom. The Michigan Sustainability Cases (MSCs) bring case-based teaching to the sustainability field and redefine cases by making them more immersive and multimodal, for traction with diverse kinds of learners. MSCs are hosted on an open access, interactive platform called Gala that makes case studies accessible both for individual use and to enhance face-to-face experiential learning. This article analyzes one MSC case about urban farming in Detroit, Michigan, as it embodies principles of cocreation, integration into multiple curricula, and digital innovation for enhanced experiential learning. Specifically, we describe how it was collaboratively produced, deployed and iteratively improved in successive SEAS classrooms, incorporated field learning in Detroit for strong user experiences from students, but also for faculty and practitioners. We further note its impact on the lead author’s development projects within Detroit’s landscape, suggesting cases as catalysts for more ethical, efficient, and inclusive sustainability science and policy in practice.
Silent gonadotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex: evaluation of a possible molecular link
Authors: Regazzo Daniela , Gardiman Marina Paola , Theodoropoulou Marily , Scaroni Carla , Occhi Gianluca , Ceccato Filippo
Published: August 2018

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant multisystem hereditary cutaneous condition, characterized by multiple hamartomas. In rare cases, pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) have been described in patients with TSC, but the causal relationship between these two diseases is still under debate. TSC is mostly caused by mutations of two tumor suppressor genes, encoding for hamartin (TSC1) and tuberin (TSC2), controlling cell growth and proliferation. Here, we present the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian woman with TSC and a silent gonadotroph PitNET with suprasellar extension, treated with transsphenoidal endoscopic neurosurgery with complete resection. Therapeutic approaches based on mTOR signaling (i.e. everolimus) have been successfully used in patients with TSC and tested in non-functioning PitNET cellular models with promising results. Here, we observed a reduction of cell viability after an in vitro treatment of PitNET’s derived primary cells with everolimus. TSC analysis retrieved no disease-associated variants with the exception of the heterozygous intronic variant c.4006-71C>T found in TSC2: the computational tools predicted a gain of a new splice site with consequent intron retention, not confirmed by an in vitro analysis of patient’s lymphocyte-derived RNA. Further analyses are therefore needed to provide insights on the possible mechanisms involving the hamartin-tuberin complex in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. However, our data further support previous observations of an antiproliferative effect of everolimus on PitNET.

Learning points:

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are rare: only few cases have been reported in literature.

Therapeutic approach related to mTOR signaling, such as everolimus, may be used in some patients with PitNETs as well as those with TSC.

We reported a woman with both non-secreting PitNET and TSC; PitNET was surgically removed and classified as a silent gonadotroph tumor.

Everolimus treatment in PitNET’s-derived primary cells revealed a significant decrease in cell viability.

Considering our case and available evidence, it is still unclear whether a PitNET is a part of TSC or just a coincidental tumor.
Non-secreting pituitary tumours characterised by enhanced expression of YAP/TAZ
Authors: Xekouki Paraskevi , Lodge Emily J , Matschke Jakob , Santambrogio Alice , Apps John R , Sharif Ariane , Jacques Thomas S , Aylwin Simon , Prevot Vincent , Li Ran , Flitsch Jörg , Bornstein Stefan R , Theodoropoulou Marily , Andoniadou Cynthia L
Published: August 2018

Tumours of the anterior pituitary can manifest from all endocrine cell types but the mechanisms for determining their specification are not known. The Hippo kinase cascade is a crucial signalling pathway regulating growth and cell fate in numerous organs. There is mounting evidence implicating this in tumour formation, where it is emerging as an anti-cancer target. We previously demonstrated activity of the Hippo kinase cascade in the mouse pituitary and nuclear association of its effectors YAP/TAZ with SOX2-expressing pituitary stem cells. Here, we sought to investigate whether these components are expressed in the human pituitary and if they are deregulated in human pituitary tumours. Analysis of pathway components by immunofluorescence reveals pathway activity during normal human pituitary development and in the adult gland. Poorly differentiated pituitary tumours (null-cell adenomas, adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs) and papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCPs)), displayed enhanced expression of pathway effectors YAP/TAZ. In contrast, differentiated adenomas displayed lower or absent levels. Knockdown of the kinase-encoding Lats1 in GH3 rat mammosomatotropinoma cells suppressed Prl and Gh promoter activity following an increase in YAP/TAZ levels. In conclusion, we have demonstrated activity of the Hippo kinase cascade in the human pituitary and association of high YAP/TAZ with repression of the differentiated state both in vitro and in vivo. Characterisation of this pathway in pituitary tumours is of potential prognostic value, opening up putative avenues for treatments.
Impact of 3D echocardiography on grading of mitral stenosis and prediction of clinical events
Authors: Bleakley C. , Eskandari M. , Aldalati O. , Moschonas K. , Huang M. , Whittaker A. , Monaghan M. J.
Published: August 2018

Background: The mitral valve orifice area (MVOA) is difficult to assess accurately by 2D echocardiography because of geometric assumptions; therefore, 3D planimetry may offer advantages. We studied the differences in MVOA measurements between the most frequently used methods, to determine if 3D planimetry would result in the re-grading of severity in any cases, and whether it was a more accurate predictor of clinical outcomes.

Methods: This was a head-to-head comparison of the three most commonly used techniques to grade mitral stenosis (MS) by orifice area and to assess their impact on clinical outcomes. 2D measurements (pressure half-time (PHT), planimetry) and 3D planimetry were performed retrospectively on patients with at least mild MS. The clinical primary endpoint was defined as a composite of MV balloon valvotomy, mitral valve repair or replacement (MVR) and/or acute heart failure (HF) admissions.

Results: Forty-one consecutive patients were included; the majority were female (35; 85.4%), average age 55 (17) years. Mean and peak MV gradients were 9.4 (4) mmHg and 19 (6) mmHg, respectively. 2D and 3D measures of MVOA differed significantly; mean 2D planimetry MVOA was 1.28 (0.40) cm2, mean 3D planimetry MVOA 1.15 (0.29) cm2 (P = 0.003). Mean PHT MVOA was 1.43 (0.44) cm2 (P = 0.046 and P < 0.001 in comparison to 2D and 3D planimetry methods, respectively). 3D planimetry reclassified 7 (17%) patients from mild-tomoderate MS, and 1 (2.4%) from moderate to severe. Overall, differences between the two methods were significant (X
2, P < 0.001). Only cases graded as severe by 3D predicted the primary outcome measure compared with mild or moderate cases (odds ratio 5.7).

Conclusion: 3D planimetry in MS returns significantly smaller measurements, which in some cases results in the reclassification of severity. Routine use of 3D may significantly influence the management of MS, with a degree of prediction of clinical outcomes.
Changes in insulin, glucagon and ER stress precede immune activation in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Crookshank Jennifer A , Serrano Daniel , Wang Gen-Sheng , Patrick Christopher , Morgan Baylie S , Paré Marie-France , Scott Fraser W
Published: August 2018

It is unknown whether there is a gene signature in pancreas which is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We performed partial pancreatectomies on 30-day preinsulitic, diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdp) rats to prospectively identify factors involved in early prediabetes. Microarrays of the biopsies revealed downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, metabolism and apoptosis. Based on these results, additional investigations compared gene expression in control (BBc) and BBdp rats age ~8, 30 and 60 days using RT-qPCR. Neonates had increased ER stress gene expression in pancreas. This was associated with decreased insulin, cleaved caspase-3 and Ins1 whereas Gcg and Pcsk2 were increased. The increase in ER stress was not sustained at 30 days and decreased by 60 days. In parallel, the liver gene profile showed a similar signature in neonates but with an early decrease of the unfolded protein response (UPR) at 30 days. This suggested that changes in the liver precede those in the pancreas. Tnf and Il1b expression was increased in BBdp pancreas in association with increased caspase-1, cleaved caspase-3 and decreased proinsulin area. Glucagon area was increased in both 30-day and 60-day BBdp rats. Increased colocalization of BIP and proinsulin was observed at 60 days in the pancreas, suggesting insulin-related ER dysfunction. We propose that dysregulated metabolism leads to ER stress in neonatal rats long before insulitis, creating a microenvironment in both pancreas and liver that promotes autoimmunity.
The Moderating Effect of Customers' Willingness to Participate in Service Recovery and its Impacting Factors - An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Bilstein Nicola
Published: August 2018

Prior research cites customer participation in service recovery (CPSR) as a meaningful strategy to ensure post-recovery satisfaction or repurchase intentions. However, recent studies raise doubts about the generalizability of its unconditional positive effect, suggesting the presence of moderating factors. With an explorative, qualitative study, this article considers customer participation willingness in service recovery as moderator. It also identifies six factors likely influencing customers’ willingness to participate in recovery and in turn affecting the strength and valence of the relationship between CPSR and post-recovery evaluations. For example, by changing customer participation willingness in service recovery, the factors of responsibility for a third person and domain-specific expertise influence the strength of this underlying relation; the possibility to influence the recovery result even may flip its valence. These results offer new insights for managers to assess situations in which CPSR is likely to be appropriate and thus to create more effective service recovery processes.
From Goods to Services Consumption: A Social Network Analysis on Sharing Economy and Servitization Research
Authors: Fritze Martin P. , Urmetzer Florian , Khan Gohar F. , Sarstedt Marko , Neely Andy , Schäfers Tobias
Published: August 2018

The transition from consuming goods to consuming services is a topic of great interest for service researchers and has been examined from various perspectives. We provide an overview of how this field of research has been approached by systematically analyzing the current state of the academic literature. We report the results of a social network analysis of the sharing economy and servitization literature, which reveals the structure of the knowledge networks that have been formed as a result of the collaborative works of researchers, institutions, and journals that shape, generate, distribute, and preserve the domains’ intellectual knowledge. We shed light on the cohesion and fragmentation of knowledge and highlight the emerging and fading topics within the field. The results present a detailed analysis of the research field and suggest a research agenda on the transition of goods to services consumption.
ADA2 Deficiency Mimicking Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease
Authors: Van Nieuwenhove Erika , Humblet-Baron Stephanie , Van Eyck Lien , De Somer Lien , Dooley James , Tousseyn Thomas , Hershfield Michael , Liston Adrian , Wouters Carine
Published: August 2018

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a rare entity that, unlike unicentric Castleman disease, involves generalized polyclonal lymphoproliferation, systemic inflammation, and multiple-organ system failure resulting from proinflammatory hypercytokinemia, including, in particular, interleukin-6. A subset of MCD is caused by human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), although the etiology for HHV-8–negative, idiopathic MCD (iMCD) cases is unknown at present. Recently, a consensus was reached on the diagnostic criteria for iMCD to aid in diagnosis, recognize mimics, and initiate prompt treatment. Pediatric iMCD remains particularly rare, and differentiation from MCD mimics in children presenting with systemic inflammation and lymphoproliferation is a challenge. We report on a young boy who presented with a HHV-8–negative, iMCD-like phenotype and was found to suffer from the monogenic disorder deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2), which is caused by loss-of-function mutations in CECR1. DADA2 prototypic features include early-onset ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, livedoid rash, systemic inflammation, and polyarteritis nodosa vasculopathy, but marked clinical heterogeneity has been observed. Our patient’s presentation remains unique, with predominant systemic inflammation, lymphoproliferation, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia but without apparent immunodeficiency. On the basis of the iMCD-like phenotype with elevated interleukin-6 expression, treatment with tocilizumab was initiated, resulting in immediate normalization of clinical and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, iMCD and DADA2 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with systemic inflammation and lymphoproliferation. We describe the first case of DADA2 that mimics the clinicopathologic features of iMCD, and our report extends the clinical spectrum of DADA2 to include predominant immune activation and lymphoproliferation.
Calming the Nervous Heart: Autonomic Therapies in Heart Failure
Authors: Hanna Peter , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Ardell Jeffrey L ,   David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA,   David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA,   David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
Published: August 2018

Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The disease is characterised by autonomic imbalance with increased sympathetic activity and withdrawal of parasympathetic activity. Despite the use of medical therapies that target, in part, the neurohormonal axis, rates of HF progression, morbidity and mortality remain high. Emerging therapies centred on neuromodulation of autonomic control of the heart provide an alternative device-based approach to restoring sympathovagal balance. Preclinical studies have proven favourable, while clinical trials have had mixed results. This article highlights the importance of understanding structural/functional organisation of the cardiac nervous system as mechanistic-based neuromodulation therapies evolve.
Postpartum Cardiomyopathy and Considerations for Breastfeeding
Authors: Kearney Laura , Wright Paul , Fhadil Sadeer , Thomas Martin ,   UK Drugs in Lactation Advisory Service,   Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK,   Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK,   Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
Published: August 2018

Postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare condition that develops near the end of pregnancy or in the months after giving birth, manifesting as heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Clinical progression varies considerably, with both end-stage heart failure occurring within days and spontaneous recovery seen. Treatment pathways for heart failure are well established, but the evidence about the safety of medicines passed to infants during breastfeeding is scarce and mainly poor; this often leads to an incorrect decision that a mother should not breastfeed. Given its benefits to both mother and infant, breastfeeding should not routinely be ruled out if the mother is taking heart failure medication but the consequences for the infant need to be considered. An informed risk assessment to minimise potential harm to the infant can be carried out using the evidence that is available along with a consideration of drug properties, adverse effects, paediatric use and pharmacokinetics. In most cases, risks can be managed and infants can be monitored for potential problems. Breastfeeding can be encouraged in women with cardiac dysfunction with PPCM although treatment for the mother takes priority with breastfeeding compatibility being the secondary consideration. International research is continuing to establish efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in PPCM.