bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precisely Constructed Metal Sulfides with Localized Single‐Atom Rhodium for Photocatalytic C−H Activation and Direct Methanol Coupling to Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Wang Limei , Sun Yu , Zhang Fuyong , Hu Jingting , Hu Wentao , Xie Shunji , Wang Yongke , Feng Jun , Li Yubing , Wang Genyuan , Zhang Biao , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Ye
Published: November 2022

Although there are many studies on photocatalytic environmental remediation, hydrogen evolution, and chemical transformations, less success has been achieved for the synthesis of industrially important and largely demanded bulk chemicals using semiconductor photocatalysis, which holds great potential to drive unique chemical reactions that are difficult to implement by the conventional heterogeneous catalysis. The performance of semiconductors used for photochemical synthesis is, however, usually unsatisfactory due to limited efficiencies in light harvesting, charge‐carrier separation, and surface reactions. The precise construction of heterogeneous photocatalysts to facilitate these processes is an attractive but challenging goal. Here, single‐atom rhodium‐doped metal sulfide nanorods composed of alternately stacked wurtzite/zinc‐blende segments are successfully designed and fabricated, which demonstrate record‐breaking efficiencies for visible light‐driven preferential activation of C−H bond in methanol to form ethylene glycol (EG), a key bulk chemical used for the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer. The wurtzite/zinc‐blende heterojunctions lined regularly in one dimension accelerate the charge‐carrier separation and migration. Single‐atom rhodium selectively deposited onto the wurtzite segment with photogenerated holes accumulated facilitates methanol adsorption and C−H activation. The present work paves the way to harnessing photocatalysis for bulk chemical synthesis with structure‐defined semiconductors.
A MgFe‐LDH Nanosheet‐Incorporated Smart Thermo‐Responsive Hydrogel with Controllable Growth Factor Releasing Capability for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Lv Zehui , Hu Tingting , Bian Yixin , Wang Guanyun , Wu Zhikang , Li Hai , Liu Xueyan , Yang Shuqing , Tan Chaoliang , Liang Ruizheng , Weng Xisheng
Published: November 2022

Although growth factor (GF)‐loaded hydrogels have been explored as promising materials in repairing bone defects, it still remains challenging to construct smart hydrogels with excellent gelation/mechanical properties as well as controllable GF releasing capability. Herein, the incorporation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2)‐functionalized MgFe‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets into chitosan/silk fibroin (CS) hydrogels loaded with platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) to construct a smart injectable thermo‐responsive hydrogel (denoted as CSP‐LB), which can achieve a burst release of PDGF‐BB and a sustained release of BMP‐2, for highly efficient bone regeneration is reported. The incorporation of MgFe‐LDH in CS hydrogel not only shortens the gelation time and decreases sol–gel transition temperature, but also enhances the mechanical property of the hydrogel. Because of the sequential release of dual‐GFs and sustained release of bioactive Mg2+/Fe3+ions, the in vitro experiments prove that the CSP‐LB hydrogel exhibits excellent angiogenic and osteogenic properties compared with the CS hydrogel. In vivo experiments further prove that the CSP‐LB hydrogel can significantly enhance bone regeneration with higher bone volume and mineral density than that of the CS hydrogel. This smart thermo‐sensitive CSP‐LB hydrogel possesses excellent gelation capability and angiogenic and osteogenic properties, thus providing a promising minimally invasive solution for bone defect treatment.
Dual Immunostimulatory Pathway Agonism through a Synthetic Nanocarrier Triggers Robust Anti‐Tumor Immunity in Murine Glioblastoma
Authors: Lugani Sophie , Halabi Elias A. , Oh Juhyun , Kohler Rainer H. , Peterson Hannah M. , Breakefield Xandra O. , Chiocca E. Antonio A. , Miller Miles A. , Garris Christopher S. , Weissleder Ralph
Published: November 2022

Myeloid cells are abundant, create a highly immunosuppressive environment in glioblastoma (GBM), and thus contribute to poor immunotherapy responses. Based on the hypothesis that small molecules can be used to stimulate myeloid cells to elicit anti‐tumor effector functions, a synthetic nanoparticle approach is developed to deliver dual NF‐kB pathway‐inducing agents into these cells via systemic administration. Synthetic, cyclodextrin‐adjuvant nanoconstructs (CANDI) with high affinity for tumor‐associated myeloid cells are dually loaded with a TLR7 and 8 (Toll‐like receptor, 7 and 8) agonist (R848) and a cIAP (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein) inhibitor (LCL‐161) to dually activate these myeloid cells. Here CANDI is shown to: i) readily enter the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) and accumulate at high concentrations, ii) is taken up by tumor‐associated myeloid cells, iii) potently synergize payloads compared to monotherapy, iv) activate myeloid cells, v) fosters a “hot” TME with high levels of T effector cells, and vi) controls the growth of murine GBM as mono‐ and combination therapies with anti‐PD1. Multi‐pathway targeted myeloid stimulation via the CANDI platform can efficiently drive anti‐tumor immunity in GBM.
A Paper‐Based Triboelectric Touch Interface: Toward Fully Green and Recyclable Internet of Things
Authors: Edberg Jesper , Boda Ulrika , Mulla Mohammad Yusuf , Brooke Robert , Pantzare Sandra , Strandberg Jan , Fall Andreas , Economou Konstantin , Beni Valerio , Armgarth Astrid
Published: November 2022

The transition to a sustainable society is driving the development of green electronic solutions designed to have a minimal environmental impact. One promising route to achieve this goal is to construct electronics from biobased materials like cellulose, which is carbon neutral, non‐toxic, and recyclable. This is especially true for internet‐of‐things devices, which are rapidly growing in number and are becoming embedded in every aspect of our lives. Here, paper‐based sensor circuits are demonstrated, which use triboelectric pressure sensors to help elderly people communicate with the digital world using an interface in the form of an electronic “book”, which is more intuitive to them. The sensors are manufactured by screen printing onto flexible paper substrates, using in‐house developed cellulose‐based inks with non‐hazardous solvents. The triboelectric sensor signal, generated by the contact between a finger and chemically modified cellulose, can reach several volts, which can be registered by a portable microcontroller card and transmitted by Bluetooth to any device with an internet connection. Apart from the microcontroller (which can be easily removed), the whole system can be recycled at the end of life.
Densely Packed Li‐Metal Growth on Anodeless Electrodes by Li+‐Flux Control in Space‐Confined Narrow Gap of Stratified Carbon Pack for High‐Performance Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Won Jong Ho , Sim Woo Hyeong , Kim Donghyoung , Jeong Hyung Mo
Published: November 2022

Lithium (Li) is the “holy grail” for satisfying the increasing energy demand. This is because of its high theoretical capacity and low potential. Although Li is considered as a potential anode material, dendritic Li growth and the limited electrochemical properties continue to hinder its practical application. Structure‐based self lithium ion (Li+) concentrating electrodes with high capacity and uniform Li+‐flux are recommended to overcome these shortcomings of Li. However, recent studies have been limited to structural perspectives. In addition, the electrokinetic principle of electrode materials remains a challenge. Herein, the space‐confinement‐based strategy is suggested for condensed Li+‐flux control in nanoscaled slit spaces that induce the dense Li growth on an anodeless electrode by using the stratified carbon pack (SCP). The micro/mesoporous slits of the SCP concentrate the electric field, which is strengthened by the space‐confined electric field focusing, resulting in the accumulation of Li+‐flux in the host. The accumulated Li+ in host sites enables a uniform Li deposition with high capacity at high current density stably. Furthermore, SCPs have great compatibility with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode, representing the outstanding full cell performance with Li deposited electrode which show the high specific of 115 mAh g−1 at 4 C during 350 cycles.
Bridging and downstaging with TACE in early and intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: Predictors of receiving a liver transplant
Authors: Yin Chao , Armstrong Samantha , Shin Richard , Geng Xue , Wang Hongkun , Satoskar Rohit S. , Fishbein Thomas , Smith Coleman , Banovac Filip , Kim Alexander Y. , He Aiwu Ruth
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

In patients with surgically unresectable early and intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), only liver transplant (LT) offers a cure. Locoregional therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), are widely used to bridge patients waiting for an LT or downstage tumors beyond Milan Criteria (MC). However, there are no formal guidelines on the number of TACE procedures patients should receive. Our study explores the extent to which repeated TACE might offer diminishing gains toward LT.

Approach

We retrospectively analyzed 324 patients with BCLC stage A and B HCC who had received TACE with the intention of disease downstaging or bridging to LT. In addition to baseline demographics, we collected data on LT status, survival, and the number of TACE procedures. Overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method, and correlative studies were calculated using chi‐square or Fisher's exact test.

Results

Out of 324 patients, 126 (39%) received an LT, 32 (25%) of whom had responded favorably to TACE. LT significantly improved OS: HR 0.174 (0.094‐0.322, P < .001). However, the LT rate significantly decreased if patients received ≥3 vs < 3 TACE procedures (21.6% vs 48.6%, P < .001). If their cancer was beyond MC after the third TACE, the LT rate was 3.7%.

Conclusions

An increased number of TACE procedures may have diminishing returns in preparing patients for LT. Our study suggests that alternatives to LT, such as novel systemic therapies, should be considered for patients whose cancers are beyond MC after three TACE procedures.
Electrically‐assisted chemical vapor polymerization: A novel method for in situ polymerization of pyrrole
Authors: Shukla Ankur , Das Dipayan , Sen Kushal
Published: November 2022

This article offers a fast and innovative process for carrying out in situ polymerization of pyrrole onto a polyester fabric. This process is based on electrically‐assisted chemical vapor polymerization that takes around 180 s to produce an electroconductive fabric with a surface resistance of as low as 70 Ω. The ultrasonication carried out at 20 kHz frequency is quite effective in binding the polymer to the fabric. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction studies confirm that the polymer formed is polypyrrole. The application of electric potential across an oxidant‐enriched fabric results in polymer add‐on of polypyrrole as high as 250%. The amount of polypyrrole formed and the surface resistance of the fabric are found to depend on the potential applied across the fabric. The concentrations of the oxidant and the dopant, the time of polymerization, and the rate of monomer vaporization are found to be critical in deciding the surface resistance of the fabric.
Detection of Indigo Carmine dye in juices via application of photoluminescent europium‐doped carbon dots from tannic acid
Authors: Albalawi Marzough Aziz , Gomaa Hassanien , El Hamd Mohamed A. , Abourehab Mohammed A. S. , Abdel‐Lateef Mohamed A.
Published: November 2022

Indigo Carmine is a hazardous dye and produces an allergic action for humans despite the excessive use of the dye in several industrial fields. A sensitive and simple fluorescent assay for determining Indigo Carmine relying on quenching of the fluorescent europium‐doped carbon dots by the action of inner filter effect was developed. This sensing platform involved the preparation of europium‐doped carbon dots from the hydrothermal carbonization of tannic acid and europium chloride, which was used as fluorescent reagent with a distinctive excitation/emission wavelength at 307/340 nm. Both excitation and emission fluorescence of prepared carbon dots can be successfully quenched by adding Indigo Carmine dye. The developed spectrofluorimetric method exhibits good linearity with the concentration of Indigo Carmine dye in the range of 1.5 to 10.0 μg/ml and provided a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.40 μg/ml. Furthermore, the prepared carbon nanoparticles were identified and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet (UV)‐spectrophotometer techniques. In addition, the developed detecting approach was applied to determine Indigo Carmine in juice samples with acceptable recovery.
Immobilization of Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptides on silk fibroin via Gly‐Ala‐Gly‐Ala‐Gly‐Ser sequences
Authors: Hashimoto Tomoko , Nakamura Yuka , Kakinoki Sachiro , Sano Naoko , Kameda Tsunenori , Tamada Yasushi , Yamaoka Tetsuji , Kurosu Hiromichi
Published: November 2022

A simple method by which the functional peptide of Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (GRGDS) is immobilized on the surface of silk fibroin (SF) films via Gly‐Ala‐Gly‐Ala‐Gly‐Ser (GAGAGS) sequences is proposed. GAGAGS, a repeating amino acid sequence in the crystal region of Bombyx mori SF, performs a key role in interacting with and immobilizing SF molecules. Immobilization by this proposed method involves no chemical reaction, thereby preserving the original properties of the SF molecule. The density of GRGDS peptides existing on SF film was found to be higher in the GAGAGS‐bound type than in the non‐GAGAGS‐bound type. Furthermore, results showed that the amount of immobilized (GAGAGS)GRGDS peptide increased as the β‐sheet crystallization was promoted in the SF film. Fibroblasts, which adhered to the surface of the SF film, showed more extensibility because of the (GAGAGS)GRGDS immobilization, which suggests that the cell adhesion activity of RGD is functioning effectively.
The Effect of Different Drying Methods on Bioactive and Nutrition Contents of Bee Bread and Mathematical Modeling of Drying Characteristics
Authors: Kutlu Naciye , Gercek Yusuf Can , Bayram Nesrin Ecem
Published: November 2022

In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of different drying methods (with microwave and hot air) on the color, nutrient and bioactive contents of fresh bee bread. Drying characteristics were also investigated. Microwave and hot air drying were applied at different microwave powers and temperatures, respectively. Lower moisture ratios and highest effective diffusion coefficients were obtained with microwave drying in a shorter time. The Midilli model was found to be the most suitable thin‐layer drying model for both methods. Regardless of the drying conditions, moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid proportions were observed to vary in the ranges of 4.9–8.2 %, 1.61–2.67 %, 17.47–32.54 %, 39.92–60.84 %, and 7.10–8.89 %, respectively. The lowest color difference was obtained for the sample dried at 210 W. As a result, it was determined that microwave drying is more suitable for preserving the nutritional and bioactive content of bee bread during drying.
Synthesis of Novel 3‐Butylphthalide Derivatives Containing Isopentenylphenol Moiety as Potential Antiplatelet Agents for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yu Qinyang , Luo Bilan , Luo Zhongfu , Zhong Xu , Li Yi , Zhang Yi , Zhu Gaofeng , Guo Bing , Tang Lei , Li Yong , Fan Lingling
Published: November 2022

In order to find novel antiplatelet drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke, a series of 3‐butylphthalide derivatives containing isopentenylphenol moiety were designed, synthesized and characterized with spectroscopic analyses. The in vitro antiplatelet activity results indicated that compound 3 better inhibited the arachidonic acid (AA) induced platelet aggregation than aspirin (ASP) and 3‐butylphthalide (NBP). Additionally, compared with precursor NBP, compound 3 possessed outstanding antithrombotic activity in the animal experiment model, which could effectively alleviate the formation of tail thrombus and carotid artery thrombus in mice. More importantly, intraperitoneal administration of compound 3 can well protected the rats against ischemia/reperfusion‐induced brain injury. Further pharmacokinetic (PK) assay indicated that compound 3 had good absorption characteristics and metabolic stability in vivo. Overall, the present research provides a new candidate compound for the treatment of ischemic stroke caused by platelet aggregation.
Preparation and Examination of a Composite Demulsifier for Paraffin Base Oil
Authors: Nadirova Zhanna , Zhantasov Manap , Bimbetova Gulmira , Nadirov Kazim , Ivachnenko Oleksandr , Otarbayev Nurlybek , Shukhanova Zhuldyz , Botashev Yersultan , Batyr Gulnaz
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to derive a new composite demulsifier for dehydration of highly emulgated oil with high paraffin content, reducing the emulsion stability. The main active substances are fatty acids of cotton steatite esterified with polyethylene glycol, as well as sulfanol, Sintanol ALM‐10, silica gel, and white spirit in certain proportions. Studies under laboratory conditions on the demulsification of oil from Ashysay field showed that the new composite demulsifier is a suitable reagent for the destruction of water‐oil emulsions. Sulfanol and Sintanol ALM‐10 confer washing and wetting effects on the mixture, and silica gel favors the adsorption of oil asphaltenes onto its surface.
Impact of matching field size on color matching (functions) accuracy
Authors: Li Jiaye , Hanselaer Peter , Smet Kevin A. G.
Published: November 2022

Accurate colorimetry starts with accurate color matching functions (CMFs). Due to changes in the macular pigment and cone pigment optical densities at different retinal locations, different CMFs are required for different stimulus field sizes. To characterize the accuracy of the CIE recommendation for the use of 2° and 10° standard CMFs and the field‐size dependent CIEPO06 model, in this study, a series of achromatic matching experiments were performed with 2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, and 10° bipartite fields using spectrally narrowband primaries. Using the CIEPO06 model, optimal field sizes were estimated that minimize the chromaticity differences between the spectrally narrowband observer matches and the spectrally broadband achromatic target. It was found that the optimal field size estimated using the CIEPO06 model is close to half the actual bipartite field size in most cases, except for the 2° field. The discrepancy between the 10° bipartite field in Stiles & Burch's experiments and our optimal field size (6.54°) was assumed to be due to different individual color comparison strategies. However, the results of experiments requiring specific observer gaze positions did not support this assumption and the reason for the discrepancy remains unclear. Confirming our earlier results, the primary set (636, 521, 447 nm) was again found to be largely insensitive to changes in CMFs and to provide the most accurate matches under various fields of view. The inter‐ and intra‐observer variability ellipses for 2° matches are larger than those for 10°, consistent with Brown's finding for color discrimination ellipses. The magnitude of the intraobserver variability was similar for all field sizes, except for 2° field size, where matching errors were larger for some primary sets.
Evaluation of the impact of photoperiod and light intensity on decreasing days to maturity in winter wheat
Authors: Ficht Alexandra , Bruch Austin , Rajcan Istvan , Pozniak Curtis , Lyons Eric M.
Published: November 2022

The development and improvement of crop cultivars are necessary to meet the demands of the growing global population. The ability to decrease the generation time is imperative for breeders to achieve higher rates of genetic gain annually. Understanding the way in which photoperiod affects the maturation rate of these crops, including winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is required for decreasing generation time in breeding programs. The effects of prolonged photoperiod and light intensity on winter wheat generation time were studied to determine if photoperiod may contribute to a shortened cycle time. Three winter wheat cultivars (Branson, CFBA1401, and Norstar) and one spring wheat cultivar (AC Carberry) were exposed to four treatments based on the daily light integral (DLI): high light (HL) or low light and photoperiod as follows: 22 h of light and 2 h of dark (22:2) or 16 h of light and 8 h of dark (16:8). Generation time, as measured by days to maturity in the HL22:2 treatment, resulted in a decrease of 8 days or 7% of the total generation time, compared to the control, HL16:8 treatment. Photoperiod itself had a minimal effect on generation time when both DLI and temperature were controlled. An improved understanding of the effects of photoperiod, thermal time, and DLI and their interactions is required prior to implementation in a winter cereal breeding program.
Plasma p‐tau181/Aβ1‐42 ratio predicts Aβ‐PET status and correlates with CSF‐p‐tau181/Aβ1‐42 and future cognitive decline
Authors: Fowler Christopher J. , Stoops Erik , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R. , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Vanbrabant Jeroen , Dewit Nele , Mauroo Kimberley , Maruff Paul , Rowe Christopher C. , Fripp Jurgen , Li Qiao‐Xin , Bourgeat Pierrick , Collins Steven J. , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin L. , Doecke James D.
Published: November 2022

Background

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐42 and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) predict high amyloid status from Aβ positron emission tomography (PET); however, the extent to which combination of these plasma assays can predict remains unknown.

Methods

Prototype Simoa assays were used to measure plasma samples from participants who were either cognitively normal (CN) or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/AD in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study.

Results

The p‐tau181/Aβ1‐42 ratio showed the best prediction of Aβ‐PET across all participants (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.905, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.95) and in CN (AUC = 0.873; 0.80–0.94), and symptomatic (AUC = 0.908; 0.82–1.00) adults. Plasma p‐tau181/Aβ1‐42 ratio correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p‐tau181 (Elecsys, Spearman's ρ = 0.74, P < 0.0001) and predicted abnormal CSF Aβ (AUC = 0.816; 0.74–0.89). The p‐tau181/Aβ1‐42 ratio also predicted future rates of cognitive decline assessed by AIBL Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite or Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (P < 0.0001).

Discussion

Plasma p‐tau181/Aβ1‐42 ratio predicted both Aβ‐PET status and cognitive decline, demonstrating potential as both a diagnostic aid and as a screening and prognostic assay for preclinical AD trials.
A case of recurrent massive thickening of the gastric wall caused by pancreatitis of the gastric ectopic pancreas: Detailed pathogenesis based on imaging
Authors: Sasaki Shun , Ota Kazuhiro , Tanaka Ryo , Imai Yoshiro , Kojima Yuichi , Akutagawa Hiroshi , Iwatsubo Taro , Sugawara Noriaki , Hakoda Akitoshi , Tanaka Hironori , Mori Yosuke , Lee Sang‐Woong , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Nishikawa Hiroki
Published: November 2022

A 40‐year‐old Japanese male presented with epigastric pain and loss of appetite at a general hospital three years ago. Computed tomography revealed massive thickening of the gastric wall, and gastroscopy revealed diffuse erythema and edematous thickening of the gastric mucosa. Thereafter, epigastric pain and gastric wall thickening recurred frequently, causing an inability to intake food. Conservative treatment was marginally effective; therefore, a distal gastrectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient resumed food intake without complications. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed Heinrich type 1 gastric ectopic pancreas (EP) with pancreatitis. In this case, the gastric wall's massive thickening was caused by gastric EP's pancreatitis. Although there are some reports of pancreatitis of gastric EP, there are no detailed reports of endoscopic findings, including endoscopic ultrasonography and the disease progression. Recurrent pancreatitis of EP leads to forming a septum within the gastric wall, resulting in a hematoma. Eventually, irreversible narrowing of the gastric lumen may occur, as observed in the present case. We consider this an important case report presenting detailed pathogenesis supported by endoscopic and pathohistological findings of surgical specimens. Our study will help in the early diagnosis and better management of the condition.
Catchment‐scale applications of hydraulic habitat models: Climate change effects on fish
Authors: Morel Maxime , Pella Hervé , Branger Flora , Sauquet Eric , Grenouillet Gaël , Côte Jessica , Braud Isabelle , Lamouroux Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Approaches available for estimating the ecological impacts of climate change on aquatic communities in river networks range from detailed mechanistic models applicable locally to correlative approaches applicable globally. Among them, hydraulic habitat models (HABMs) link hydraulic models of streams with biological models that reflect how organisms select microhabitat hydraulics. Coarser but more general species distribution models (SDMs) predict changes in geographic distributions; they generally involve coarse predictors such as air temperature or distance to source but neglect proximate habitat descriptors such as microhabitat hydraulics. We propose an original application of HABM for predicting the ecological impacts of climate change at large scales, a comparison of their predictions with those of SDM and a linkage of the two modelling approaches. We showcase our approach in a large catchment (Rhône River) where an available distributed hydrological model estimates present and future unregulated daily flows over the whole river network. Despite large local uncertainties, simulations showed that climate change may strongly reduce low flow percentiles (e.g., a median reduction of 38.6% for a pessimistic climate scenario), inducing important alteration of fish hydraulic habitat suitability (e.g., a median loss of 3.9%–18.7% for three modelled fish species with contrasting habitat use: brown trout, barbel and sculpin). The HABM and SDM individually predicted consistent or opposite fish responses to climate change, depending on the species and their habitat requirements. Our results illustrate that accounting for ecological responses to proximate habitat variables such as hydraulics can strongly modify projections related to climate change.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Thiocarbamide Esters: Construction of C−S Bonds under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Deng Shi‐Hao , Yu Jun‐Xia , Xiao Hua‐Qing , Dong Zhi‐Bing
Published: November 2022

A convenient and effective method for the construction of C−S bond under transition‐metal free conditions was reported. Thus, diverse thiocarbamide esters could be smoothly obtained in moderate to good yields from inexpensive and readily available starting materials, such as phenyl isothiocyanate, alcohols and benzyl halides. This method features mild conditions, easy operation, short reaction time and broad substrate scopes, providing a facile and convenient strategy for the preparation of some compounds with potential biological activities.
The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wu Yaxin , Di Xin , Zhao Min , Li Haoran , Bai Li , Wang Ke
Published: November 2022

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are lung diseases characterized by airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. More and more studies have shown that the occurrence and development of asthma and COPD are related to abnormal immune responses caused by dysregulation of many genetic and environmental factors. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. A large number of studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the process of chronic airway inflammation in asthma and COPD. Here, we summarize recent advances in the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation and its role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and COPD. Meanwhile we propose possible therapeutic targets in asthma and COPD.
Repair of uterine rupture following vaginal delivery: A comparison between minimally invasive and open repair
Authors: Stern Shira , Lessans Naama , Shveiky David , Saar Tal D. , Tevet Aharon , Dior Uri P.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To compare operative data and patient satisfaction between open and laparoscopic surgery for postpartum‐diagnosed uterine rupture.

Methods

In this questionnaire‐based cohort study, the authors collected all cases of postpartum‐diagnosed uterine rupture after vaginal delivery between 2016 and 2020 in a single academic tertiary center. The cohort was divided according to surgical method of repair, and demographic, clinical, operative and postoperative data were collected and compared between groups. A phone questionnaire on various satisfaction domains was conducted and satisfaction rates were compared between groups.

Results

Eight cases of uterine rupture following vaginal delivery were treated by laparoscopy and eight were treated by laparotomy. The median operative time was 103 min (interquartile range [IQR], 86.3–129.0 min) for the laparoscopy group and 61 min (IQR, 59.0–75.0 min) for the laparotomy group (P = 0.04). Blood transfusion was required in 25% of women who underwent laparoscopy, as compared with 88% of women who underwent laparotomy (P = 0.01 < 0.05). Median hospitalization time was 3 days (IQR, 3–4 days) in the laparoscopy group and 4 days (IQR, 4–4 days) in the laparotomy group (P = 0.2). Overall satisfaction, satisfaction from recovery, satisfaction from scars, satisfaction from ability to care for the neonate, and postoperative pain and mood were all improved in the laparoscopy group, as compared with the laparotomy group.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive surgery is a viable surgical option for patients with uterine rupture diagnosed after vaginal delivery and may result in better patient recovery and satisfaction.
BRCAShare—Assessment of an animated digital message for intrafamilial communication of pathogenic variant positive test results: A feasibility study
Authors: Aeilts Amber M. , Carpenter Kristen M. , Hovick Shelly R. , Byrne Lindsey , Shoben Abigail B. , Senter Leigha
Published: November 2022

While genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is well‐established in the field of medicine, family members' uptake of cascade genetic testing for known familial pathogenic variants remains low. Probands often become responsible for initiating familial communication about their testing results, and barriers to communication may include difficulty in conveying information to relatives and a lack of communication resources for probands' use. In this study, we tested a two‐minute animated digital message (ADM) intervention guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM) in an unselected sample to determine hypothetical individual perceptions of susceptibility and severity and behavioral intention to act on the information provided in the ADM. We recruited genetic testing naïve adults from the United States with no personal history of cancer through Amazon Mechanical Turk to participate in this study. Participants were presented a hypothetical scenario describing a relative's recent HBOC diagnosis, viewed the ADM, and answered a questionnaire assessing participants' perception of the HBM constructs in relation to the hypothetical scenario and participants' intentions to pursue cascade genetic testing, talk to a healthcare professional, or talk to family members after ADM viewing. Participants (n = 373) largely perceived HBOC as serious and believed that they could benefit from the information provided by genetic testing; 76% hypothetically intended to pursue genetic testing at a cost of $100 or less, and 90% intended to either pursue testing or talk to a healthcare provider or family members. This feasibility study in an unaffected population could mimic the experience of distant/less‐engaged relatives in HBOC families after receiving unexpected information about cascade genetic testing. Most participants demonstrated behavioral intention toward cascade testing, at a rate higher than literature would suggest is typical in high‐risk families, indicating that a theory‐supported, simple to use intervention may be useful in clinical practice.
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial evaluation of N‐(2‐Morpholinoethyl)‐3‐phenylquinoxalin‐2‐amine derivatives
Authors: Shruthi Jeegundipattana B. , Kiran Kuppalli R. , Divyashree Shivakumar , Sreenivasa Marikunte Y. , Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P.
Published: November 2022

A series of substituted N‐(2‐Morpholinoethyl)‐3‐phenylquinoxalin‐2‐amines (5a–j) (5ab, 5ac) were synthesized in good yield and characterized for their structural confirmation. The pure quinoxaline products were screened for their in‐vitro antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi, a well‐known food borne pathogen. The preliminary results revealed that among the series, compounds 5a, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5h, 5ab and 5ac bearing bromo, fluoro, methoxy, methyl groups at para position on phenyl ring which inturn substituted at third position of quinoxaline and methyl, benzoyl groups at sixth position on the quinoxaline were emerged as potential candidates by displaying antisalmonella activity. Among the potential candidates, compounds 5c, 5e, 5f and 5ac were effective against Salmonella whereas compounds 5a, 5f and 5ac effectively inhibited the biofilm formation of Salmonella.
Clinical validation of a semi‐automated segmentation algorithm for target volume definition on planning CT and CBCT in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for peripheral lung lesions
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Allam , Risse Kathrin , Schmitz Laura , Schlenter Marsha , Chughtai Ahmed , Ivanciu Maria , Eble Michael J.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an ablative method for lung malignancies. Here, the definition of the gross target volume (GTV) is subject to interobserver variation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the interobserver variability during SBRT and its dosimetric impact, as well as to introduce a semi‐automated delineation tool for both planning computer tomography (P‐CT) and cone beam CT (CBCT) to help to standardise GTV delineation and adaptive volume‐change registration.

Methods

The interobserver variation of GTV manual contours from five physicians was analysed in 15 patients after lung SBRT on free breathing (FB) P‐CT (n = 15) and CBCT (n = 90) before and after each fraction. The dosimetric impact from interobserver variations of GTV based on the original treatment plan was analysed. Next, the accuracy of an in‐house easy‐to‐use semi‐automated‐segmentation algorithm for pulmonary lesions was compared with gold standard contours in FB P‐CT and CBCT, as well as 4D P‐CT of additional 10 patients.

Results

The interobserver variability in manual contours resulted in violations of dose coverage of the planning target volume (PTV), which, in turn, resulted in compromised tumour control probability in contours from four physicians. The validation of the semi‐automated delineation algorithm using thorax phantom led to a highly reliable accuracy in defining GTVs. Comparing the unsupervised auto‐contours with the gold standard delineation revealed high equal high concordance for FB P‐CT, 4D P‐CT and CBCT, with a DSC of 0.83, 0.76 and 0.8, respectively. The supervised use of the semi‐automated delineation tool improved its accuracy, with DSCs of 0.86, 0.86 and 0.8 for FB P‐CT, 4D P‐CT and CBCT, respectively. The use of the algorithm was associated with a significantly shorter working time. The semi‐automated delineation tool can accurately register volume changes in CBCTs.

Conclusion

The segmentation algorithm provides a reliable, standardised and time‐saving alternative for manual delineation in lung SBRT in P‐CT and CBCT.
Dengue surge in Pakistan amidst the torrential rains: The threat of a potential outbreak
Authors: Shoaib Aqsa , Salim Najwa , Waseem Summaiyya
Published: November 2022

With 390 million infections occurring globally and the infection putting half of the world's population at risk, dengue is an illness with potential, life‐threatening manifestations such as plasma leakage and fluid retention, severe bleeding, and organ impairment. This disease is already lurking in the various regions of Pakistan, which was recently ravaged by decades’ worst flood. With mosquitoes being its eminent transmission source, it is coherent that a country with massive flooding, accumulation of stagnant water, and lack of adequate drainage systems can lead to a dengue outbreak. Pakistan, a low‐middle‐income country, is still recuperating from the aftershocks of the pandemic, a recent cholera outbreak, and the massive economic destruction they caused, especially in the healthcare sector. Concerningly, the World Health Organization has already issued a “second catastrophe” warning for Pakistan in the aftermath of the fatal floods which have caused the destruction of hundreds of health facilities while physicians and medical workers on the ground scramble to combat outbreaks of waterborne and other illnesses. If the spread of dengue isn't contained immediately, it will destroy the healthcare systems across the country and result in massive fatalities. To avoid tragic consequences, the government and concerned authorities must devise plans to launch public health programs aimed at boosting knowledge of the disease, its symptoms, transmission, prevention, and control. In this commentary, we discuss the current spike of dengue virus, epidemiology, transmission patterns, and preventative efforts in the aftermath of Pakistan's disastrous floods.
Molecular characterization of circulating Dengue virus 2 during an outbreak in Northern Senegal's Saint‐Louis region in 2018
Authors: Dieng Idrissa , Ndiaye Mignane , Ndione Marie Henriette Dior , Sankhe Safietou , Diagne Moussa Moïse , Sagne Samba Niang , Gaye Aboubacry , Balde Diamilatou , Barry Aliou , Fall Gamou , Sall Amadou Alpha , Loucoubar Cheikh , Faye Oumar , Faye Ousmane
Published: November 2022

Globally, 390 million people are at risk of dengue infection and over the past 50 years, the virus incidence increased thirty‐fold. In Senegal, an unprecedented occurrence of outbreaks and sporadic cases have been noticed since 2017. In October 2018, an outbreak of Dengue virus 2 (DENV‐2) was reported in the north of Senegal affecting multiple areas including Saint‐Louis, Richard Toll, and Rosso which are located at the border with Mauritania. Of these 173 blood specimen samples collected from patients, 27 were positive for dengue by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), and eight were serologically confirmed to be positive for DENV immunoglobulin M (IgM). Serotyping using qRT‐PCR reveals that isolates were positive for DENV‐2. A subset of DENV‐2 positive samples was selected and subjected to whole‐genome sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of six nearly complete genome sequences revealed that the isolates belong to the cosmopolitan genotype and are closely related to the Mauritanian strains detected between 2017 and 2018 and those detected in many West African countries such as Burkina Faso or Cote d'Ivoire. Our results suggest a transboundary circulation of the DENV‐2 cosmopolitan genotype between Senegal and Mauritania and call for a need for coordinated surveillance of arboviruses between these two countries. Interestingly, a high level of homology between West African isolates highlights endemicity and calls for the set‐up of subregional viral genomic surveillance which will lead to a better understanding of viral dynamics, transmission, and spread across Africa.
Area under the curve‐optimized synthesis of prediction models from a meta‐analytical perspective
Authors: Yoneoka Daisuke , Omae Katsuhiro , Henmi Masayuki , Eguchi Shinto
Published: November 2022

The number of clinical prediction models sharing the same prediction task has increased in the medical literature. However, evidence synthesis methodologies that use the results of these prediction models have not been sufficiently studied, particularly in the context of meta‐analysis settings where only summary statistics are available. In particular, we consider the following situation: we want to predict an outcome Y, that is not included in our current data, while the covariate data are fully available. In addition, the summary statistics from prior studies, which share the same prediction task (i.e., the prediction of Y), are available. This study introduces a new method for synthesizing the summary results of binary prediction models reported in the prior studies using a linear predictor under a distributional assumption between the current and prior studies. The method provides an integrated predictor combining all predictors reported in the prior studies with weights. The vector of the weights is designed to achieve the hypothetical improvement of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) on the current available data under a practical situation where there are different sets of covariates in the prior studies. We observe a counterintuitive aspect in typical situations where a part of weight components in the proposed method becomes negative. It implies that flipping the sign of the prediction results reported in each individual study would improve the overall prediction performance. Finally, numerical and real‐world data analysis were conducted and showed that our method outperformed conventional methods in terms of AUC.
The Treatment Effect of Non‐Surgical Ear Molding Correction in Children with Mild Cryptotia Deformity
Authors: Xu Huijuan , Ding Shaoguang , Yang Haitao , Qin Litao , Xie Cuncun , Jia Xiaodong , Zang Yanzi , Yao Wenfeng , Li Qian , Wang Guangke , Liu Hongjian
Published: November 2022

Objective

To investigate the treatment effect of non‐surgical ear molding correction in children with mild cryptotia deformity.

Methods

51 cases were collected from 2016 to 2021. They were divided into four groups (6 months–1 year group, 1–3 years group, 3–6 years group, and ≥6 years group). The effective rate, recurrence rate, complication rate, and treatment duration of non‐surgical ear molding correction were analyzed among the four groups.

Results

3 months after the end of corrective treatment, the overall effective rate was 92.2% (47/51), the overall recurrence rate was 7.8% (4/51), and there was statistical significance among the four groups (p = 0.001). The overall complication rate was 2.0% (1/51), and there was no statistical significance among the four groups (p = 1.000). There was statistical significance in the treatment duration among the four groups (p < 0.001), and the mean duration of treatment was positively correlated with the age at treatment (p < 0.001, R = 0.614).

Conclusions

We first propose and recommend that the treatment time window for non‐surgical ear molding correction be maximally extended to 6 years old in children with mild cryptotia deformity. There is a high success rate of non‐surgical ear molding correction in children with mild cryptotia deformity. The complication rate is low. There is a positive correlation between the mean treatment duration and the age at treatment, and the treatment duration increases with the growth of months.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:2122–2128, 2023
The relationship between round window and ear canal Cochlear microphonic
Authors: Yu Yongqiang , Liu Junping , Antisdel Jastin , Liu Changming , Sappington Joshua , Wang Xiaobin , Gao Yunge , Peng Yanguo , Wang Hui , Lin Zhonghao , Ruan Hongguang , Wang Ruiying , Lin Shuwu , Zhang Ming
Published: November 2022

Hypothesis

Cochlear microphonic recorded at ear canal (CM‐EC) can be a substitute for the one recorded at round window (CM‐RW).

Background

Almost all clinics do not measure tone‐burst evoked CM due to technical difficulty although it can provide more information than click evoked CM. Moreover, clinicians like the CM‐EC more than that measured at CM‐RW because CM‐EC is non‐invasive. There is difference between CM‐RW and CM‐EC, for example, CM‐EC is less prominent than CM‐RW, therefore, studying tone‐burst evoked CM‐EC and its relationship with CM‐RW are highly significant and can promote the clinical application of CM‐EC.

Method

Nine guinea pigs were randomly allocated into three groups, group 1 was not exposed to noise, called normal control. group 2 and group 3 were exposed to the low‐ (0.5–2 kHz) and high‐frequency band‐noise (6–8 kHz) at 120 dB SPL for 1 h, respectively. It was difficulty to record low‐frequency CM due to severe environmental interruption, in current study the recording technology of tone‐burst evoked CM was optimized so that tone‐burst evoked CM was measured across full speech frequency (0.5–8 kHz) in the presence of normal hearing and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL).

Results

CM‐RW and CM‐EC were successfully recorded across speech frequency. Significant reduction in CM amplitude was observed at 0.5 and 2 kHz in group 2, at 6 and 8 kHz in group 3 as compared to group 1, p < .05, indicating that CM amplitude was sensitive to band‐noise exposure. Significant correlation between CM‐RW and CM‐EC was also verified, p < .05.

Conclusion

CM‐EC is a useful objective test for evaluation of hearing function; the result of current study supports the clinical application of non‐invasive CM‐EC.
ENKUR recruits FBXW7 to ubiquitinate and degrade MYH9 and further suppress MYH9‐induced deubiquitination of β‐catenin to block gastric cancer metastasis
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Liu Zhan , Yan Weiwei , Yang Huiling , Fang Shiyi , Deng Shuting , Wen Yinghao , Shen Peng , Li Yonghao , Hou Rentao , Liu Xiong , Huang Tao , Li Rong , Zheng Dayong , Liu Zhen , Fang Weiyi
Published: November 2022

Enkurin, TRPC Channel Interacting Protein (ENKUR) was shown as a suppressor in some tumors. However, the biological role of ENKUR on gastric cancer (GC) and its related molecular mechanisms is not clear. Here, we first observed that ENKUR significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in GC. The molecular basis showed β‐catenin‐mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling was inactivated in ENKUR‐overexpressing GC cells. In addition, ENKUR knockdown markedly restored cell migration and invasion. Subsequently, ENKUR bound to MYH9 and decreased its protein expression by recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase F‐Box And WD Repeat Domain Containing 7 (FBXW7) to form an ubiquitinated degradation complex. The downregulated Myosin Heavy Chain 9 (MYH9) protein weakened the recruitment of the deubiquitinase USP2 and thus promoted the degradation of β‐catenin protein, which finally suppressed EMT signaling. Finally, the oncogenic transcription factor c‐Jun bound to ENKUR promoter and reduced its expression in GC. In clinical samples, decreased ENKUR expression promoted the unfavorable prognosis of GC. Our data proved the vital role of ENKUR on suppressing cell migration, invasion, and metastasis and demonstrated its potential as a therapeutic target for GC.