bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de regiones espacialmente homogéneas de monóxido de carbono en Lima Metropolitana mediante el algoritmo de clustering k-means
Authors: Espinoza Guillen José Abel , Alderete Malpartida Marleni Beatriz
Published: April 2021

Los análisis estadísticos de series de tiempo o datos espaciales se han utilizado ampliamente para investigar el comportamiento de los contaminantes atmosféricos. Debido a que los datos de contaminación del aire generalmente se recopilan en un área amplia de interés durante un período relativamente largo, dichos análisis deben tener en cuenta tanto las características espaciales como las temporales. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar regiones espacialmente homogéneas basadas en patrones temporales de monóxido de carbono en el Área Metropolitana de Lima y Callo (AMLC) utilizando el algoritmo de clustering k-means. Este estudio utilizó concentraciones horarias promedios de CO medidas durante un periodo de 5 años (2015 – 2019) en las diez estaciones de monitoreo que conforman la Red de Monitoreo Automático de la Calidad del Aire (REMCA) del AMLC. Se empleó un algoritmo de clustering (agrupamiento) de k-means utilizando la distancia euclidiana para investigar la similitud en los patrones entre los perfiles temporales observados en los sitios de monitoreo. El análisis de agrupamiento de k-means identificó tres grupos de sitios con patrones temporales distintos que pudieron identificar y caracterizar regiones espacialmente homogéneas en el AMLC.
Utilización De Flujograma Basado En Tablas De Normativa Iec 60364-5-52:2009 Para El Cálculo De Sección De Cables En Baja Tensión Con Aplicación En El Pabellón B De La Untels
Authors: Torres Jorge , Lucana Angelino , Millán Fabrizio , Vásquez Gabriel
Published: April 2021

Puesto que el Código Nacional de Electricidad – Utilización (en adelante CNE-U) no brinda un procedimiento secuencial para calcular las secciones mínimas de cables de baja tensión (en adelante BT), se elaboró un flujograma didáctico,basado en la normativa IEC 603645-52:2009. Este consta de dos partes: la primera nos permite obtener el factor de corrección general, mientras que la segunda, nos ayuda a escoger la sección del cable comprobándolo con la fórmula de caída de tensión, la cual no debe de sobrepasar lo recomendado por el CNE-U. Para fines aplicativos, utilizamos nuestro flujograma para comprobar la funcionalidad del mismo, hallando las secciones de los cables para contrastarlos con los ya instalados en el pabellón B de la Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur (en adelante UNTELS); obteniendo concordancia con el diseño de cálculo y algunas variaciones en ciertos circuitos. Con esto demostramos su óptima utilización para el cálculo de sección de cables y brindamos una solución a la falta de una metodología para elegir secciones de cables en instalaciones eléctricas de BT.
Modelo De Sistema Viable Modelo De Articulación Del Sistema De Gestión Integral HSEQ Bajo Los Criterios De Las Normas ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001: 2015 E ISO 45001:2018
Authors: Calderón Pino Anggie Daniela , López Mendoza Miguel Ángel , Romero Hernández María Alejandra
Published: April 2021

El modelo de sistema viable es un modelo que busca ser implementado dentro de todas las organizaciones independientemente de su actividad; este busca generar autonomía en todas las partes de la organización a través de un modelo replicado de integración sinergia y cohesión. Este modelo se conforma por Mecanismos de cohesión en donde encontramos el canal de comandos, coordinación y el monitoreo de las actividades primarias; y el mecanismo de adaptación donde encontramos las políticas, inteligencia el control y cohesión. Este modelo de sistema viable permite una correcta comunicación entre todas las áreas de la empresa a través de interacciones entre actividades todas apuntando al mismo objetivo. Lo que se pretende realizar es implementar una lista de verificación que nos sirva como diagnostico dentro de las organizaciones e identifique las principales áreas en donde se está cumpliendo a cabalidad el sistema de modelo viable y cuales son aquellas donde presenta deficiencias.

Lo que se pretende con estos hallazgos es asegurar la integración entre todas las partes involucradas; creando sinergia y eficiencia mediante un mismo sistema viable conectado y replicado en cada área.
Prototipo Basado En Lenguaje Ensamblador Para La Transferencia De Datos Por Medio De Ondas De Radio Frecuencia En Campo Abierto
Authors: Julca Flore Janett Deisy , Larios Franco Alfredo César
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación propone un Prototipo basado en Lenguaje ensamblador para la transferencia de datos por medio de ondas de radio frecuencia en campo abierto, para lo cual se diseñó una arquitectura basado en Lenguaje ensamblador usando un microcontrolador PIC16F628A. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación tipo descriptivo, con una muestra de 30 pruebas; comparándose costos de hardware del Prototipo con los costos de hardware de otrastecnologías como: wireless y bluetooh, obteniéndose la distancia máxima de transmisión de datos por medio de ondas de radio frecuencia en campo abierto, transmitiendo datos (cadenas de 20 caracteres) a una mayor distancia con menor perdida de bytes en relación a las demás tecnologías de Bluetooh y Wireless. Se concluye que el prototipo basado en Lenguaje ensamblador transmite eficientemente respecto a la cantidad de bytes perdidos en campo abierto y a menor costo que los demás.
The Importance of Data Quality in Using LCA Approach as A Decision Supporting Tool: Comprative Case Study between Injection Moulding Machines in Processing Polypropylene
Authors: Saputra Sharah Yunihar , Hanafi Jessica
Published: April 2021

Indonesia is developing an awareness of life cycle perspective, where a product cannot only be analysed in a certain phase but shall be analysed throughout its life cycle. In developing this concept, the understanding of data quality in selecting and recording datasets is important. Many LCA practitioners often neglected the importance of understanding different types of datasets and tracking and documenting dataset. The objective of this paper is to understand the effect of technology coverage in data quality of Life cycle assessment (LCA) and the use of LCA approach as a decision supporting tool. A case study comparing two production methods of a product made of polypropylene (PP) is conducted. Injection moulding machines used in these two plants are different in terms of technology aspect. Comparison between injection moulding machines in these plants was conducted and actual data from the production site were gathered. SimaPro 8 by Pre Consultants is used for life cycle assessment of the machines. Two types of methods, i.e. TRACI and ReCipe, are used in impact assessment stage. The result implied that the technology difference shows significant variation of impact related to energy consumption between both plants. Therefore careful consideration must be taken when using and recording datasets to ensure suitability of the datasets for reuse.
A Framework to Measure Water and Energy Footprint at Demand Side
Authors: Anityasari Maria , Sholihah Mar’atus , Maftuhah Diesta Iva
Published: April 2021

There is no doubt that water is an essential part of human life. Unfortunately it is often neglected and is not managed well. Flood and drought in many areas in Indonesia are examples of serious deficiency in water management. Urban areas, in particular, have serious threats in water sustainability due to the dramatic increase of population. Regrettably, there is little knowledge on water infrastructure in macro to micro level, people’s attitude toward water, stakeholders’ inter-connectivity in water management, institutional capabilities in managing water management, and appropriate technologies to use water wisely in different settings. At the demand side alone, complexities can be found in water usage infrastructure. A pilot survey found that more than 65% household in Surabaya installed water pump to access clean water. This means that the total environmental impact of water usage has to incorporate energy footprint in the equation, in addition to the water footprint itself. This paper will present a developed framework to portray the tangle between water and energy at the demand side and how to measure its environmental impact. Benefits of its implementation and potential future work will be discussed and outlined.
The Case Study of Life Cycle Perspective in Ready-mix Industry
Authors: Widowati Yosephine Dwi Martina
Published: April 2021

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is a global commitment and has been started since December 2015. Globalization encourages countries to develop their own environment voices as environment has been also a global issue. Infrastructure is one of the key developments. Construction, which is an important part of infrastructure development depends heavily on the concrete industry. Ready-mix concrete  is preferred material for construction because it  has a good quality, ready to use, and cheaper. The thirty mega construction projects which have to be completed in 2019 will push ready-mix concrete industries to grow fast. This grow will undoubtedly have an impact on the environment.The  purpose of this study is to observe the environmental impact of ready-mix concrete industry. This will cover an observation of life cycle perspective implementation, identification of the main potential environmental impacts and risks,  identification of control and influence, and  identification of the potential improvement opportunities. This study will hopefully contribute to the improvement of environmental awareness and stimulate more exhaustive research or study about environmental impact in Ready-mix concrete industry in the future. The method of this qualitative study is site observation and indirect investigation which included 15 plants at multiple locations. This study also addressed idea(s) around the understanding of life cycle perspective approach as described in the newest version of ISO 14001-2015 and ISO 14004-2016.
The Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy and Acupressure in Controlling Gag Reflex in Children Undergoing Dental Procedures
Authors: Koticha Paloni , Katge Farhin , Chimata Vamsikrishna
Published: April 2021

Background: Impression making can be challenging in children due to the exaggerated gag reflex. It not only hinders the basic dental examination procedure but also delivery of the treatment procedure becomes more challenging.
Aim: Comparative evaluation of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and in combination with acupressure in controlling gag reflex in children undergoing impression making procedure.
Experimental Procedure: A total of 90 children (10.1 + 2.6) years were divided into three groups depending upon the strategies used. Group A received LLLT whereas group B received LLLT with acupressure and group C was placebo group. Each patient underwent two impressions to record GSI and GPI scores for all groups.
Results: Mean values of GSI and GPI scores for each group were calculated at three different stages. The mean values revealed least gagging with LLLT as compared to LLLT with acupressure and placebo group at stage 1 (p-0.001) and stage 3 (p-0.000) which was statistically significant. Mean values of GPI score was less than GSI score at all three stages for all the groups except for stage 1 in group C, which was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: LLLT and in combination with acupressure was effective in controlling gag reflex in comparison to acupressure in children undergoing impression making procedure.

Keywords: Acupuncture, acupressure, acupoints, gag reflex, impression making.
Lateral Pedicle Graft Procedure for the Treatment of Isolated Tooth Recession- A Case Report
Authors: Rana Neelam , Arora Sachit Anand , Kalsi Rupali
Published: April 2021

Gingival recession is defined as the apical migration of the gingival margin from its physiologic level which further causes pathologic exposure of root surfaces. Mucogingival esthetic surgery includes the treatment of mucogingival esthetic alterations. The Mucogingival problems may be caused by gingival recession which is often associated with non-carious cervical lesion or by root caries or by altered passive eruption. Root coverage is achieved by many procedures like free gingival autografts, pedicle graft and connective tissue grafts. Recession can be treated by surgical or non-surgical means. surgical procedure includes various methods of increasing the width of keratinized tissue such as frenectomy in case of high frenal attachment & root coverage procedures and nonsurgical approach include-restorations, crowns, veneers and gingival masks. Lateral displaced pedicle flap was first described by Grupe and Warren in 1956 which was indicated in area to cover isolated apical migration of gingiva, & denuded root surfaces that have adequate amount of donor tissue adjacent to the recipient site. In few clinical studies it is seen that the success rate with Lateral pedicle graft is 70%, it is preferred over free gingival autografts in narrow and shallow gingival defects. This case report present the predictability of root coverage by using Lateral pedicle grafts in single tooth narrow and shallow gingival recession.

Keywords: Lateral pedicle graft, Gingival recession, Attachment loss, Graft.
A Rare Case of Ethambutol Induced Optic Neuritis in a Peripheral Health Institute of Northern India
Authors: Rahul Vatsayan , Deeksha Sharma
Published: April 2021

Ethambutol (EMB) is one of the first-line drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis. EMB induces ocular toxicity which is a rare side-effect that is either dose-related or duration-related effect and is often reversible on therapy discontinuation. The toxicity has been reported at 4 to 12 months of the initiation of the therapy. We reported a rare case of EMB-induced optic neuritis after 1 month of initiation of the therapy. After the withdrawal of the drug, there was complete recovery of the patient. This case description would improve the understanding of the clinical presentation as well as the treatment of ethambutol optic neuritis, especially in recourse-limited settings. It would also enrich the knowledge regarding the prevention strategies and timely recognition of the side effect.

Keywords: Ethambutol, Optic neuritis, Isoniazid.
Role of Ayurveda in Emergency Treatment
Authors: Desai Manjusha
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is believed that emergency treatment in ayurveda is not present and in emergency one need to take only allopathic medicines and ayurveda has limited role to play in chronic ailments only. This belief in society and Ayurvedic physicians has arrested development of ayurveda, and limiting its role as adjuvant therapy. Ayurveda to become main line of medicine needs to have emergency management. The emergency management was described in ayurveda, which needs only enlightenment.
In this article an attempt has been made to understand ayurvedic basics of emergency management. It includes understanding emergency condition according to ayurveda and management accordingly. It is important to note that mild to moderate emergency can very well be managed according to ayurveda.
The concept of emergency,principles of management,various Ayurvedic drug formulations etc. are discussed in full article
Critical Comparative Study of Ayurvedic& Jyotish Shastrokta Chhaya Laxanas (Look of The Patient) & Its Impact on Health & Fortune
Authors: Waghe Subhash
Published: April 2021

Chhaya Parikshan have diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in Ayurveda. Hence, it is included as the clinical examination method which can fairly be correlated with modern look of the patient examination. But beside the physical characteristics, Ayurveda also mentioned the auspicious and inauspicious outcomes of the Chhayas which can further be explained with the help of Jyotish science. The Jyotish science is complimentary and contemporary to the Ayurvedic medical science. The principles of Jyotish science have been applied in Ayurvedic science at various places. The various body characteristics are described in â€˜Sharir Laxan Adhyayâ€™ and â€˜Ayurday Adhyayâ€™ of Ayurvedic and Jyotish science respectively. Acharya Charaka had described the â€˜Chhaya Parikshaâ€™ in the Indriyasthana of his treatise â€˜Charak Samhitaâ€™. Whereas in Jyotish science, they are explained by Acharya Varah Mihir in his book â€˜Brihat Samhitaâ€™ and by Acharya Jagatdeva in his book â€˜Nrusti Samudrik Shastraâ€™. These Chhaya characteristics are used to predict the future outcome of health and socio economic status. The particular â€˜Chhyaâ€™ influences the outcome of health and socio economic status. It is also essential to know whether individuals with certain Chhayas are better immune against diseases so as to enjoy the longevity and fortunes of the life. It is important to find out the rationale behind the forecast made by ancient acharyas based on â€˜Chhaya laxanasâ€™. Hence, there is a need to study the â€˜Chhaya laxanasâ€™ from both science point of view critically and comparatively.
The critical comparison of Ayurvedic and Jyotish shastrokta, dhatusarata laxanas, in the observation showed marked similarities between the body features of Chhaya laxanas and forecast regarding health and socioeconomic status. It is concluded that future outcome of health, and socioeconomic status can very well be predicted from the assessment of Ayurvedokta Chhaya Parikshan.
Prognostic Evaluation of Nakshatra Utpanna (Constellation Derived) Fever In Ayurvedic & Jyotish Science On The Basis of Nature of The Nakshatras.
Authors: Waghe Subhash
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda and Jyotish science are not only contemporary of each other but complimentary to each other. Ayurveda had incorporated in itself lot of Jyotishiya concepts right from auspicious timings in various sanskaras to auspicious timings of drug collection and storage. In all these concepts, Nakshatra (constellation) is an important aspect. As per Ayurveda and Jyotisha science, Nakshatra also plays an important role in deciding the prognosis and duration of the disease. Ayurvedic acharyas are of the view that the severity and prognosis of the fever can be assessed on the basis of Nakshatras in which the fever is developed. The Jyotish acharya Varahamihir had categorized the mrudu (soft), tikshna (pungent), ugra (aggressive), chara (moving), and laghu (light) nature of the Nakshatras and accordingly the severity and outcome of the fever is seen. Particularly acharya Harita, acharya Shaunak, acharya Gautama, acharya Kaushik have mentioned about role of Nakshatra in deciding the outcome of the disease . Nischalkar the commentator of book â€˜Chakraduttaâ€™, had quoted the views of said acharyas in this regard. Hemadri, the commentator of book â€˜Ashtang Hridayaâ€™ also quoted the views of acharya Shaunaka in this regard. Hence, it becomes essential to coorelate Ayurvedic concept of Nakshatra Utappana Jwara with the jyotishiya concept of nature of Nakshatras to know the severity and outcome of the fever.
A review of joint diseases
Authors: Sadhale Varsha vishwanath
Published: April 2021

In India more than 10 million cases of joint diseases are reported every year and amongst these joint diseases prevalence of osteoarthritis is high where patient ends up doing joint replacement. But this has various after effects and financial burden on society. Many patients approach Ayurved for the treatment of joint diseases. A proper differential diagnosis is important to provide accurate treatment so as to prevent further deterioration of patients .The approach of Ayurved and Modern science differs from diagnostic as well treatment point of view. The detail structural elucidation of each joint  is not mentioned in classical texts. And hence main emphasis is given on wholesome status of bodily condition rather than specific joint. In Ayurved the patient is diagnosed only on the basis of symptomatology. whereas in modern science diagnostic tools such as MRI, X ray ,USG, CT scan ,blood investigation are used to know the exact condition of the joint . A critical review of joint diseases is done here in describing the differential diagnosis according Ayurved and Modern science.
A review on rakta pradoshaj vyadhis
Authors: Phake Pratik Prakash
Published: April 2021

In the physical body, rakta refers directly to the blood, specifically the red blood cells, and indirectly to the tendons and the bile. Rakta dhatu is formed from refined rasa; the mala of the blood is bile. Healthy rakta dhatu brings feeling of energized with a passion for life. The disease of the Raktavahasrotas are Kustha, Visrpa, Pidika, Kamala, Asrgdar, Arubuda, Arsa etc. all the skin diseases, haemolytic disease, gynaecological disorders, metabolic disorders come under Raktavahasrotas.
Digital devices and developing child
Authors: Kadam Prashant Nagesh , Shitre Ashwini
Published: April 2021

This article provides an overview on the effects of digital devices use on children's physical, cognitive, and social development. While no one can argue the benefits of advanced technology in todayâ€™s world, connection to these devices may have resulted in a disconnection from what society should value most, the next generation. Rather than providing children with more video games, TVs in the car, and the latest iPods and cell phone devices, creating a deep and widening chasm between parent and child, letâ€™s resolve to do more hugging, playing, rough housing, and conversing with our children.
The study of Nidra in Ayurvedic perspective and its importance
Authors: Shetty Prakruthi
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda is the science of life and its main aim is to maintain healthy status of living being. Prevention and treatment of disease is the essence of Ayurveda. As per ayurvedic science, Nidra is one among most essential factors responsible for a healthy life. It is one of the Trayopsthambha. The lifestyle changes of this era have led to various disorders. The article lays emphasis on the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda about the importance of Nidra-physiological and critical review on study of Nidra. It also overviews and lights up the main study of Nidra already given in different ayurvedic texts. The ancient ayurvedic classics describes the 3 main milestones of life Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya. The entire study of Nidra and its classification is given in samhitas. The lifestyle changes have led to disorders like hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and others. Good sleep is essential and advantageous to the quality of life. A number of vital physiological changes occur during sleep and help people stay healthy and function at their best.
Decision branch joint venture ex-fold T-z re-validation
Authors: Yatsko Andrew
Published: April 2021

Comparing classifier performances may seem a banal affair but makes a side show in machine learning. Usually the paired t-test is used. It requires that two classifiers were run simultaneously or this was simulated. This is not always possible and then entails creating a superstructure only for that purpose. However, the utility of t-test in the given context is altogether doubted. The literature on alternatives is much involved. This does not measure up to the scale of the issue. In this paper the topics in connection with accuracy calculation are surveyed once more, emphasizing the result variation. The known technique of multifold cross-validation is exemplified. A simplified methodology for comparison of classifier performances is proposed. It is based on the accuracy mean and variance and calculating differences between objects defined in these terms. It is being applied to the naive Bayesian and decision tree classifiers implemented on different platforms. The lazy learning approach, applicable to decision trees in discrete domains, is closely followed with an imposition of how it can be improved. Examples are given from the field of health diagnostics.
On The Ricci Symmetry of Almost Kenmotsu Manifolds
Authors: Dey Dibakar
Published: April 2021

In the present paper, we characterize Ricci symmetric almost Kenmotsu manifolds under several constraints and proved that they are Einstein manifolds. As a consequence, we obtain several corollaries. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to verify our results.
COVID-19 and Depression from the Nigerian Perspective; A Mini Review
Authors: Chukwuma Oyem John , Ichipi-Ifukor Patrick Chukwuyenum , Obi-Ojinika Chukubueze
Published: April 2021

Context: The outbreak of the highly infectious COVID-19 has led to a global public health and economic crisis, especially in developing countries. Due to the global burden and spread and the high mortality rate of the virus, as well as an inadequate mental health care system in Nigeria, inhabitants often experience fear, depression, and anxiety that, if left unaddressed, may lead to long-term consequences. Although depression was a concerning issue in Nigeria before COVID-19, the pandemic has caused a surge in depression cases. This review highlighted the possible causes of depression among Nigerians during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified potential mitigating interventions to prevent depression. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed for the articles published from January 2019 to September 2020 using the terms of “depression”, “COVID-19”, and “Nigeria”. The articles resulting from these searches and the relevant references cited in those articles were reviewed. Results: Nigerians are likely to fall into depression due to the challenges and limitations affecting the economy and development of Nigeria. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 struggle, providing sound mental health services for individuals is imperative to maintain nations’ mental health for a more rapid recovery across various measures of societal well-being post-COVID-19.
Evaluation of the Apoptotic and Scolicidal Effects of Crude and Flavonoid Extracts of Allium noeanum on Protoscolices and Hydatid Cyst Wall
Authors: Salemi Zahra , Goudarzi Mehrdad , Hajihossein Reza , Noori Mitra , Babaei Saeid , Eslamirad Zahra
Published: April 2021

Background: Hydatidosis is a disease, caused by the larval phase of Echinococcus granulosus. It is considered a serious condition, as cyst rupture can release protoscolices into the host body, leading to the formation of secondary cysts. Surgery is the main approach for the treatment of this disease. Some natural compounds, which are safe options with few side effects, have been assessed for their scolicidal activities. Objectives: Allium noeanum is a native herb of Markazi Province, Iran, which has been used for the traditional treatment of certain diseases. However, its anti-parasitic property has not been investigated so far. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-parasitic property of this plant by evaluating the scolicidal and apoptotic effects of two types of this herbal extract (crude and flavonoid) on hydatid cysts. Methods: The hydatid cysts were obtained from abattoirs, and protoscolices were drained under sterile conditions. The protoscolices suspension and cyst walls were used for scolicidal and immunohistochemical evaluations. In addition, A. noeanum was collected from Shazand Mountains. The crude and flavonoid extracts of this plant were prepared by maceration and chromatography methods, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was conducted for the detection of caspase-3 activity using a commercial kit. Data were analyzed in Excel and SPSS, and statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Results: The 100% concentration (0.49 gr/mL) of the crude A. noeanum extract caused the death of 100% of protoscolices. On the other hand, all concentrations of the flavonoid extract led to the death of 100% of parasites. According to the statistical analyses, each type of the extract showed different dose- and time-dependent rates of scolicidal activity (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed lower caspase-3 activity in cyst walls exposed to flavonoids, compared to those exposed to the crude extract. Conclusions: In the present study, the scolicidal activity of the flavonoid extract of A. noeanum against protoscolices was confirmed. It was also found that the apoptotic effect of the crude extract of this herb was more than its flavonoid extract.
Phytochemical Profiles, Physicochemical Analysis, and Biological Activity of Three Colchicum Species
Authors: Davoodi Ali , Azadbakht Mohammad , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Emami Saeed , Azadbakht Masoud
Published: April 2021

Background: Colchicum is a genus of the Colchicaceae family with various isolated compounds, especially tropolone alkaloids and flavonoids, which are used for osteoarthritis, gout, cancer, inflammatory diseases, jaundice, and sexual impotence in different societies. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activities of three Colchicum species. Methods: Total tropolone alkaloid, total phenolic/total tannin, and total flavonoid contents were determined using acidic potassium dichromate, Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Moreover, the HPLC method was used for identification and quantitation purposes of tropolone alkaloids. Physicochemical properties of three Colchicum species, including macroscopic and organoleptic properties, solubility, foreign matter, ash values, and heavy metal contents, were evaluated. Besides, in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the corms also were determined using the protein denaturation technique as a rapid screening method. Results: The highest levels of tropolone alkaloid, phenolic compounds, tannins, and flavonoids were observed in C. autumnale, C. speciosum, and C. robustum, respectively. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of colchicine, demecolcine, 2-demethyl colchicine, 3-demethyl colchicine, colchicoside, colchifoline, cornigerine, and N-deacetyl-N-formyl colchicine in these Colchicum species. The physicochemical properties of C. speciosum and C. robustum corms are appropriate compared to the standard Colchicum autumnale corm. Moreover, all Colchicum species exhibited high anti-inflammatory activities compared to standard drugs. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the corm of the Colchicum species contained similar main compounds with different amounts, as well as appropriate physicochemical properties. Moreover, the valuable biological effects of these plants stimulate the cultivations on a large scale.
Correlation of the Severity of Physical and Psychological Symptoms and Severity of Insomnia in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Masoudi Maryam , Ahmadian Hamzeh , Akbari Maryam , Jalilian Nasrin
Published: April 2021

Background: Menopause is associated with physical and psychological as well as sleep problems that cause disruption in quality of life in women. Objectives: The question of whether the severity of physical and psychological symptoms correlated with the severity of insomnia in postmenopausal women is investigated in this study. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 214 postmenopausal women referred to health centers in Kermanshah city between May 2019 and May 2020. Data collection tools included demographic and social characteristics questionnaires, Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation test using SPSS software. Results: The mean total score of insomnia severity was 14.3 ± 5. Also, according to the severity of insomnia, 22 women had no insomnia, but 88 and 87 women had mild and moderate insomnia and 17 women had severe insomnia, respectively. Comparing the mean scores of 11 MRS items in different insomnia severities showed a significant difference in the rate of symptoms, so that in the physical domain, hot flashes and sleep problems, and in the psychological domain, depression items, irritability, anxiety, poor memory and lack of concentration were higher in the sever insomnia, but none of the items of the genitourinary domain were associated with the severity of insomnia. Conclusions: Our study showed that in postmenopausal women, the rate of physical and psychological symptoms increases with higher severity of insomnia. Insomnia should be considered as a disorder that requires special attention and treatment in postmenopausal women.
Effects of a Comprehensive Oral Care Program and a Combined Toothbrush and Mouthwash Program with 0.2% Chlorhexidine on Oral Health in Mechanically Ventilated Intubated Patients: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Kord Salarzehi Fatemeh , Rahat Dahmardeh Alireza , Nasiodin Tabatabaei Seyed Mohammad , Yaghoubinia Fariba
Published: April 2021

Background: Patients’ oral health is impaired in Intensive Care units (ICUs) due to loss of consciousness, open mouth, intubation, and mechanical ventilation. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the effects of comprehensive and combined programs on oral health in patients under mechanical ventilation. Methods: This single-blind clinical trial with three groups was performed on 90 patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to ICUs of medical centers affiliated to the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2020. Patients under mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into three groups, including those receiving a comprehensive program, those receiving a combined program, and controls through permutated blocks. In the two intervention groups, oral care was performed for 5 minutes, three times per day, during the 5 days of the study with a specific method. The control group received routine oral care. The patients’ oral health was measured once before the intervention and then every day until the fifth day of the intervention using the Beck Oral Assessment scale. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and chi-square in IBM SPSS Statistics software version 26. Results: The mean oral health score in the three groups was not significantly different before the intervention and on the second day of the study (P > 0.05). However, on the third to fifth days of the study, the oral health score in the two intervention groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group, indicating an oral health improvement in these groups (P = 0.001). The mean oral health score in the control group increased during the study days. Conclusions: Comprehensive care and combination methods can improve oral health in patients under mechanical ventilation. Nurses are recommended to use regular and codified oral care methods.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Death Anxiety Among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ghiasi Zahra , Alidadi Ali , Payandeh Abolfazl , Emami Afshin , Lotfinia Shahab
Published: April 2021

Background: Hemodialysis improves renal function and increases lifetime. However, it causes a fundamental change in the whole life of patients. Many of these patients express their fears of an unacceptable life. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life and death anxiety among patients on hemodialysis and determine their personality and demographic predictors. Methods: A total of 154 participants were recruited from the hemodialysis units of hospitals in Zahedan, the southeast of Iran. The participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale, Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and Templar's Death Anxiety Scale. Results: In this study, 60.4% of the patients had high levels of death anxiety. About 70% of the patients had low or moderate levels of quality of life. Conclusions: Personality is an essential factor in predicting health-related quality of life and death anxiety. This result provides a better understanding of the determinants of death anxiety and HQOL.
Implementation Gap of Social Forestry Policy: The Case of HKm Beringin Jaya and HTR Hajran
Authors:   Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Budi Budi , Kartodihardjo H , Nugroho B , Mardiana R
Published: April 2021

The current social forestry policy is considered to accelerate the issuance of social forestry licences, but after the licence is obtained, various difficulties and obstacles are still experienced by licence holder community to achieve the objective of social forestry policy. For this reason, this study questions who is actually stakeholder or party stipulated in social forestry regulation to carry out social forestry and facilitate community to overcome the difficulties and obstacles they experienced. This study aims to analyze the implementation gap of social forestry policy towards those stipulated in social forestry regulation compared with their implementation in the field. This research was conducted at HKm Beringin Jaya and HTR Hajran. The results show that three groups of actors are stipulated in social forestry regulation, namely community with their rights and obligations, central and regional governments with their authorities and related stakeholders to support the implementation of social forestry. In two research locations, implementation gap of social forestry policy toward three groups of actors occurred in the field. The rights that can be obtained and the obligations that must be fulfilled by licence holder communities are mostly facilitated by non-governmental organizations and are influenced by the networking capacity of the community. The authority of the central and local governments to facilitate the community is not functioning adequately at the field level due to the separate political system and authority between the central and regional governments. The involvement of other related stakeholders is considered low because of their interests that must be accommodated and requiring the capacity of the community to access stakeholders.
The Growth of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) RENDLE) in Agroforestry and Monoculture System on Post-Coal Mining Revegetation Land
Authors:   Departement of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Lancang Kuning University, Yos Sudarso Street KM 8 Pekanbaru, Indonesia 28265, Juliarti A , Wijayanto N , Mansur I , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas
Published: April 2021

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) as cover crop was suitable planted with agroforestry and monoculture system on post-coal mining revegetation land. The study investigated the influence of planting system, varieties, and plant spacing against the lemongrass growth on post-coal mining land under the agroforestry and monoculture system. Two lemongrass varieties were planted under on both planting systems. The growth variables of lemongrass measured were the tillers number per clump, leaf length, and canopy width. The results showed that the planting system and lemongrass varieties were able to increase the growth of lemongrass. Plant spacing treatment was able to increase the tillers number per clump. The agroforestry system was able to increase leaf length and canopy width of lemongrass. However, monoculture system was able to increase the tillers number per clump. The G2 variety had better growth on all measured variables either in agroforestry and monoculture system compared to Sitrona 2 Agribun variety. The plant spacing of 0.5 m × 0.5 m had greater tillers number per clump of lemongrass compared to plant spacing of 1 m × 1 m.
Allometric Equations for Estimating Aboveground Biomass of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors:   Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281, Sadono R , Wahyu W , Idris F
Published: April 2021

Understanding the essential contribution of eucalyptus plantation for industry development and climate change mitigation requires the accurate quantification of aboveground biomass at the individual tree species level. However, the direct measurement of aboveground biomass by destructive method is high cost and time consuming. Therefore, developing allometric equations is necessary to facilitate this effort. This study was designed to construct the specific allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass of Eucalyptus urophylla in East Nusa Tenggara. Forty two sample trees were utilized to develop allometric equations using regression analysis. Several parameters were selected as predictor variables, i.e. diameter at breast height (D), quadrat diameter at breast height combined with tree height (D2H), as well as D and H separately. Results showed that the mean aboveground biomass of E. urophylla was 143.9 ± 19.44 kg tree-1. The highest biomass were noted in stem (80.06%), followed by bark (11.89%), branch (4.69%), and foliage (3.36%). The relative contribution of stem to total aboveground biomass improved with the increasing of diameter class while the opposite trend was recorded in bark, branch, and foliage. The equation lnŶ = lna + b lnD was best and reliable for estimating the aboveground biomass of E. urophylla since it provided the highest accurate estimation (91.3%) and more practical than other models. Referring to these findings, this study concluded the use of allometric equation was reliable to support more efficient forest mensuration in E. urophylla plantation.
Implementation of the Concept of Conservation Ar ea Buffer Zone in Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Nadhira S , Basuni S
Published: April 2021

Conservation area buffer zones are recognized to provide ecological, social, and economic benefits in supporting conservation areas' integrity. Nevertheless, little is known hitherto about the development dynamics of conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia. Therefore, a study concerning theory, policy, and management of the conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia is necessary to analyze its performance, identify problems in its implementation, and formulate its evidence-based development policy. This study aims to identify and analyze issues in implementing the concept of conservation area buffer zone as well as recommend policy formulation to accelerate the development of conservation area buffer zones in Indonesia. This study is an exploratory research through a literature review with semi-systematic approach. It finds that there are only nine out of 530 (1.7%) conservation areas in Indonesia with a formally established buffer zone. This condition is mainly due to the absence of buffer zone institutions at the regional government levels. Meanwhile, the management of supposedly buffer zones has been conducted through various projects for strengthening the functions of buffer zones by conservation area managers, either in the form of land-based or non-land-based projects. This study results in recommendations for all interested parties to urge the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Home Affairs to promulgate and renew the regulations concerning the procedures of establishing and managing conservation area buffer zones. Moreover, regarding the institutional aspect, there is a need for a particular structure in both ministries to address community empowerment issues at the site level.
Canopy Cover Estimation in Lowland Forest in South Sumatera, Using LiDAR and Landsat 8 OLI imagery
Authors:   Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Saleh M B , Dewi R W , Prasetyo L B , Santi N A
Published: April 2021

Canopy cover is one of the most important variables in ecology, hydrology, and forest management, and useful as a basis for defining forests. LiDAR is an active remote sensing method that provides the height information of an object in three-dimensional space. The method allows for the mapping of terrain, canopy height and cover. Its only setback is that it has to be integrated with Landsat to cover a large area. The main objective of this study is to generate the canopy cover estimation model using Landsat 8 OLI and LiDAR. Landsat 8 OLI vegetation indices and LiDAR-derived canopy cover estimation, through First Return Canopy Index (FRCI) method, were used to obtain a regression model. The performance of this model was then assessed using correlation, aggregate deviation, and raster display. Lastly, the best canopy cover estimation was obtained using equation, FRCI = 2.22 + 5.63Ln(NDVI), with R2 at 0.663, standard deviation at 0.161, correlation between actual and predicted value at 0.663, aggregate deviation at -0.182 and error at 56.10%.
Structure and Dominance of Species in Mangrove Forest on Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors:   Forestry of Study Program, High School of Agriculture (STIPER East Kutai), Jl. Sukarno-Hatta No. 1, North Sanggatta, Indonesia 756111, Muli E , Sulistyorini I S , Poedjirahajoe E , Faida L R W , Purwanto R H , Imanuddin Imanuddin
Published: April 2021

The Kutai National Park (KNP) which is located in East Kutai Regency on East Kalimantan Province is endowed with numerous pristine of mangrove forest. However, related information to the species composition and diversity of KNP mangrove is still scanty. Twenty-one of mangrove species were recorded using the quadratic transects survey method (total plot area of 1.7 ha). Main species of mangrove communities were Avicennia lanata, A. marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhysa, B sexangular, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata and Sonneratia Alba. Mangrove density was recorded reached as 1,699 trees ha-1, saplings of 4,395 ha-1 and seedlings 25,348 ha-1. Significant tree density was found in Pandan Bay Estuary. While in the Lombok Bay and the Kaba Bay significant for sapling and seedling categories. Importance value index of mangrove species in the three study locations for three growth categories (tree, sapling and seedling) showed significant differences (p-value> α0.05). Mangrove stand at three study locations has almost the same characteristics. The species diversity and evenness index has shown the same distribution pattern. The findings of this study suggest that KNP mangrove forest stand is not heavily damaged even though there is a lot of human activity. This mangrove could be managed and conserved for multi-sectoral purposes such as ecotourism, research, biodiversity and education rather than solely as a Nature Conservation Area.
Materials Development for an Archival Science Course in Iran: An ESP Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Rashtchi Mojgan , Zarghami Zahra , Afshar Sina
Published: April 2021

This study addressed the demand for an ESP course for Archival Science, a profession often overlooked in Iran. The existing literature offers little research on specific materials for Archival Science students; hence there is a paucity of relevant materials in this field. The present study explored the development of printed materials for an ESP course conducted in the National Library and Archives of Iran to compensate for the absence. It examined the effectiveness of using such materials on the language learning of a group of archivists taking part in a 16-sessions mid-career course in Archival Science. The needs analysis processes, course design, materials development, teaching and learning, and evaluation were followed to achieve the objectives. The results demonstrated that the newly developed materials compared to materials prepared for other ESP courses could considerably promote the participants’ proficiency. The developed materials were archival, work-related, and professional-based resources and had significant effects on participants’ language learning. The study revealed that focusing on the learners’ specific educational needs in their workplace and incorporating authentic, practical materials in ESP courses would improve language learning and skill development in archivists.