bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NT >99th centile and cystic hygroma: Which diagnosis, which management and outcome
Authors: Vasciaveo L. , Mastricci A. L. , De Lucia G. , Zanzarelli E. , De Feo V. , Giansiracusa E. , Di Biase S. , Nappi L.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in fetuses affected by increased nuchal translucency(iNT >99Th centile), cystic hygroma (CH) and cases progressing to fetal hydrops (NIHF) in order to correlate this result to prognosis and perinatal fetal outcomes, improving patient's counseling.

Methods

From January 2020 to December 2023, first trimester screening according to FMF criteria were performed in “Maternal fetal medicine Unit” of Foggia's hospital. We studied and collected clinical data of fetuses affected by nuchal translucency >99th centile (iNT), CH and cases progressing to Fetal Hydrops (non‐immune fetal hydrop, NIFH). In these selected cases, we evaluated fetal Karyotype to demonstrate the presence of chromosomal abnormalities, associated to fetal structural anomalies and different pregnancy outcome.

Results

We have evaluated 45 cases of iNT, CH, and NIFH, identified by ultrasound during first trimester screening. Of these 45 pregnant women, four were lost to follow‐up. Of the 41 pregnancies, 20 cases (48.8%) delivered at our division with newborns discharged in good health. Of the 21 patients (51.2%) who miscarried, only two miscarried spontaneously; the other 19 decided on a medical termination of pregnancy (MTP). The 19 patients who decided for MTP showed genetic abnormalities and/or malformation. The 20 cases of fetuses discharged as healthy newborns were enrolled with the following diagnoses: 5 had a diagnosis of CH (20% of cases), 1 case of NIFH (5% of cases), and 14 of iNT (75% of cases). All these fetuses had a normal karyotype and no major malformations.

Conclusions

Isolated CH diagnosis is more frequent than described in Literature (5 cases out of 12: 41.7%) and their prognosis are better than previously described, with the same outcomes of fetuses with iNT without associated anomalies. The possibility of early diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies, associated malformations or the evolution into hydrops is essential for a complete consultation.
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at the Jornada Experimental Range: Old genetics, new precision technologies, and adaptive value chains
Authors: Spiegal Sheri , Estell Rick , Cibils Andres , Cox Andrew , McIntosh Matthew M. , Browning Dawn M. , Duniway Michael C. , Funk Micah , Macon Lara , McCord Sarah E. , Redd Matthew , Tolle Cindy , Utsumi Santiago , Walker Jeremy , Webb Nicholas , Bestelmeyer Brandon T.
Published: July 2024

Rangelands and the supply chains connected to them are central to the agrifood systems of the Southwestern United States. Local ranchers are simultaneously arid lands managers, herd managers, and marketing managers. To stay in business, they must adapt to unpredictable forage resources and markets while conserving soils and vegetation resources for the long term. As climate warming and drying exacerbate the complexity and difficulty of day‐to‐day production, producers and policymakers are seeking alternatives to “business as usual.” The Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR)‐Jornada team has developed a package of strategies to help producers adapt to the local and inter‐regional challenges. The package includes heritage cattle, precision ranching systems, and adaptive value chains. Five ranches across the Southwest have adopted different combinations and are partnering with LTAR and each other to measure their benefits and drawbacks in real‐world conditions. Opportunities for controlled experimentation differ among the ranches, so we use LTAR's indicator system to assess and compare results. Even as we invest in co‐producing knowledge about these three strategies, we recognize that progressive aridification and urbanization of Southwestern rangelands create challenges for which a single “silver bullet” of agricultural innovation is unlikely to provide durable solutions. We are learning from our customers and stakeholders about ways to adjust the development of new options.
Measuring 24‐h use of time in people with a diabetes‐related foot ulcer: A feasibility study
Authors: Murphy Andrew , Graham Kristin , Olds Timothy , Loughry Cathy , Fraysse François , Dumuid Dot , Stanford Ty , Matricciani Lisa
Published: July 2024

Background

Physical activity (PA), sleep and sedentary time are now recognised as mutually exclusive and exhaustive parts of the 24‐h day—if PA decreases, time spent sleeping, being sedentary or both must increase so that all components equate to 24 h. Recent advances in time‐use epidemiology suggest that we should not consider time‐use domains (PA, sleep and sedentary time) in isolation from each other, but in terms of a composition—the mix of time‐use domains across the 24‐h day. While interrelated daily activities are known to be important in the management of diabetes mellitus, few studies have investigated the interrelated daily activities in people with an active diabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU) and their impact on important outcomes such as wound severity, blood glucose control and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). This feasibility study aims to determine the acceptability and practicality of measuring 24‐h use of time data in people with a DFU and its associations on important outcome measures for this population.

Methods

Participants wore a wrist‐worn accelerometer for two weeks and completed demographic and HRQoL questionnaires. Outcomes were participant engagement, reported levels of study burden and value and compositional data analysis as a methodological approach for evaluating 24‐h use of time data.

Results

Twenty‐six participants reported low levels of study burden and rated the study value highly. The protocol appears feasible in terms of recruitment (81%) and retention rate (86%). On average, participants were relatively sedentary spending 747, 172 and 18 min in sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate‐to‐vigorous activity, respectively. Sleep appeared adequate with participants obtaining an average of 485 min, but quality of sleep was notably poor with average sleep efficiency of 75%. Compositional data analysis was able to quantify the integrated associations of 24‐h use of time with HRQoL.

Conclusion

The protocol provides an acceptable method to collect 24‐h use of time data in people with a DFU. Efforts to consider and analyse PA as part of a 24‐h activity composition may provide holistic and realistic understandings of PA in this clinical population.
Generational differences at work? A meta‐analysis and qualitative investigation
Authors: Ravid Daniel M. , Costanza David P. , Romero Madison R.
Published: July 2024

Despite substantive criticisms of generations and mounting evidence suggesting that “generational differences” do not exist, generational characterizations remain widely popular among academics and practitioners who use them to explain employee thoughts and behaviors. The current research examined academic literature as a source that may have contributed to perpetuating generational stereotypes. In Study 1, we meta‐analyzed the generations literature to examine the extent that findings in this research conveyed a sense that generational differences exist. Results of the meta‐analysis revealed few systematic, meaningful differences among generations on a variety of outcomes. To follow up on why the generations literature generally promotes the idea of systematic differences despite the mixed and limited evidence for them, in Study 2, we conducted a qualitative investigation of the meta‐analyzed articles, looking for explanations about why research and practice using generations persist despite the lack of evidence. Results of the qualitative analysis showed that researchers often discounted null or equivocal findings and seldom raised questions about the underlying concept of generations. Our findings reinforce that researchers and practitioners should continue to seek better explanations for differences among workers, investigate the origins of generational stereotypes, and work to understand why academics and practitioners continue supporting and propagating this questionable concept.
Advancing chronologies for Last Interglacial sequences
Authors: MCGUIRE AMY M. , WAAJEN IRENE M. , BARLOW NATASHA L.M.
Published: July 2024

Studies of the Last Interglacial (ca. 129 to 116 ka BP) provide an opportunity to study the impact of high‐latitude warm temperatures on the Earth system. To build an accurate spatio‐temporal picture of climate and environmental variability during the Last Interglacial, building robust chronologies, through which the patchwork of terrestrial, marine, and ice core archives can be correlated, is paramount. In this review, we briefly evaluate the most common approaches used to date climate and environmental archives from the Last Interglacial, as well as the chronostratigraphic tools available for direct correlation between sequences, with a focus on terrestrial archives. We then present a case study on the use of pollen biostratigraphy for correlating sequences in NW Europe, highlighting its strength as a local correlation tool, and the challenges this approach presents in comparing sequences to global records of climate and environmental change. A move towards consistently dated sequences will improve our understanding of environmental responses to Last Interglacial climate variability across different elements of the global climate system and the rates at which different elements of the climate system respond to changes in global temperatures.
Functionalized xanthohumol nanoemulsion: fabrication, characterization and bioavailability enhancement of bioactive compounds
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Lv Jiaxin , Zhang Wenchan , Yi Huixiang , Zhao Mengjian , Wang Ziying , Li Gang , Xu Bo , Ma Chengjun , Li Jinwei , Li Mei , Wang Zhenhua
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Xanthohumol is an isopentadienyl flavonoid in hops, which have several pharmacological effects. However, due to the poor bioavailability of xanthohumol, it cannot be widely used.

RESULT

In this study, solvent extraction combined with preparative liquid chromatography was used to separate and purify xanthohumol in hop residue. And the purity, yield and recovery of xanthohumol was 983.0 ± 2.1 g kg−1, 921.61 ± 5.65 g kg−1, and 5.41 ± 0.07 g kg−1, respectively. Response surface methodology optimization revealed that 216.75 g kg−1 ethyl oleate, 574.1 g kg−1 polyoxyl‐35 castor oil (EL35) and 209.15 g kg−1 polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) produced the xanthohumol nanoemulsion with a loading capacity of 85.40 ± 0.33 g kg−1, mean droplet diameter of 42.35 ± 0.06 nm, and zeta potential of −21.78 ± 0.18 mV.

CONCLUSION

Xanthohumol nanoemulsion has better relative stability. The relative oral bioavailability of xanthohumol nanoemulsion was increased by 1.76 times. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of nanoemulsion containing xanthohumol in food and pharmaceutical industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evolution of spatial collaborative network in the Long March Cultural Tourism Belt: Characteristics, pattern, and mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xiubai , Shao Ruinan , Zhou Haixia
Published: July 2024

This research examines the evolution of the spatial collaborative network (SCN) within the Long March Cultural Tourism Belt in China, utilizing a mixed‐methods approach combining quantitative data analysis and GIS spatial analysis. Theoretically, it bridges national identity theory and political ideology using spatial network analysis; expanding understanding of how cultural heritage tourism contributes to national identity consolidation and the political narrative within a spatial framework. This contributes to the literature by demonstrating the role of SCNs in promoting cultural tourism's sustainable growth, addressing the call for methodological advances in cultural tourism research. In terms of the managerial side, it guides policymakers in leveraging SCNs for balanced cultural tourism growth through strategic planning and digital innovation. This research is distinguished by its comprehensive analysis of SCN evolution in a significant cultural tourism context, providing a model for global application.
Efficient Rational Approximation of Optical Response Functions with the AAA Algorithm
Authors: Betz Fridtjof , Hammerschmidt Martin , Zschiedrich Lin , Burger Sven , Binkowski Felix
Published: July 2024

A theoretical framework for the rational approximation of optical response functions in resonant photonic systems is introduced. The framework is based on the AAA algorithm and further allows to solve the underlying nonlinear eigenproblems and to efficiently model sensitivities. An adaptive sampling strategy exploits the predominance of resonances in the physical response. A chiral metasurface is investigated and it is shown that the chiroptical response on parameter variations can be accurately modeled in the vicinity of the relevant resonance frequencies.
Is authenticity key? Mobilization by social media influencers versus celebrities and young people's political participation
Authors: Harff Darian , Schmuck Desiree
Published: July 2024

Popular personalities like social media influencers (SMIs) and traditional celebrities can not only be used in the context of for‐profit marketing, but also help non‐profit campaigns address young audiences. Across three experiments (NTotal = 1233), we compared the effectiveness of SMIs’ mobilizing appeals in relation to a humanitarian issue to those made by traditional celebrities. Inspired by meaning transfer theory, we expected SMIs and their endorsements to be perceived as particularly authentic, elucidating their possibly unique influence on young people's participation. In Study 1, mobilizing appeals from popular personalities generally increased participation intentions among young people, but SMIs were not more effective in this role than celebrities. Study 2 and Study 3 showed that effects of the two source types are dependent on gender. Controlling for source and endorsement authenticity, we found that SMIs were better at directly mobilizing young women for political participation than celebrities. In contrast, young men were more easily convinced by celebrities to engage in political action, due to higher authenticity attributed to celebrities’ endorsements. While SMIs were not consistently perceived as more authentic than celebrities, the success of popular personalities’ mobilizing appeals can generally be well explained by perceived source authenticity and perceived authenticity of endorsements.
On multiparametrized integral inequalities via generalized α‐convexity on fractal set
Authors: Xu Hongyan , Lakhdari Abdelghani , Jarad Fahd , Abdeljawad Thabet , Meftah Badreddine
Published: July 2024

This article explores integral inequalities within the framework of local fractional calculus, focusing on the class of generalized
‐convex functions. It introduces a novel extension of the Hermite‐Hadamard inequality and derives numerous fractal inequalities through a novel multiparameterized identity. The primary aim is to generalize existing inequalities, highlighting that previously established results can be obtained by setting specific parameters within the main inequalities. The validity of the derived results is demonstrated through an illustrative example, accompanied by 2D and 3D graphical representations. Lastly, the paper discusses potential practical applications of these findings.
Fractional‐order modeling of Chikungunya virus transmission dynamics
Authors: Chavada Anil , Pathak Nimisha , Khirsariya Sagar R.
Published: July 2024

This article presents two innovative mathematical models for the dynamics of Chikungunya virus contamination by using Caputo fractional derivative. By applying the recently developed numerical technique to find the approximate solutions for the Chikungunya virus system which allowing us for the valuable insights. Through a rigorous analysis of the obtained numerical and graphical solutions, the impact of fractional orders on the infection dynamics is thoroughly examined. Additionally, Banach's fix point theorm is used to investigates the existence, uniqueness, and stability properties of the solutions, providing a deeper understanding of the key parameters that affect the spread and persistence of the infection.
ψ‐Bernstein–Kantorovich operators
Authors: Aktuğlu Hüseyin , Kara Mustafa , Baytunç Erdem
Published: July 2024

In this article, we introduce a modified class of Bernstein–Kantorovich operators depending on an integrable function
and investigate their approximation properties. By choosing an appropriate function
, the order of approximation of our operators to a function
is at least as good as the classical Bernstein–Kantorovich operators on the interval
. We compared the operators defined in this study not only with Bernstein–Kantorovich operators but also with some other Bernstein–Kantorovich type operators. In this paper, we also study the results on the uniform convergence and rate of convergence of these operators in terms of the first‐ and second‐order moduli of continuity, and we prove that our operators have shape‐preserving properties. Finally, some numerical examples which support the results obtained in this paper are provided.
Recent advances in liquid‐phase NMR of the coal‐derived products
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B.
Published: July 2024

Present review focuses on the most recent advances in a liquid‐phase nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the coal‐derived products—coal tar pitches, asphaltenes, and humic and fulvic acids, covering exclusively the results in the liquid‐phase NMR studies leaving apart an overwhelming amount of publications dealing with the solid‐state NMR investigations in this field (which are comprehensively reviewed elsewhere). Owing to the complexity of the coal‐derived products, their 1H and 13C NMR spectra consist of a number of overlapping signals belonging to different hydrocarbon types. Comprehensive studies of coal tar pitches, asphaltenes, and humic and fulvic acids by means of NMR over the past several decades revealed characteristic functional groups of those fractions together with spectral regions in which they resonate. Quantitative 1H and 13C NMR spectra characterize aromatic and saturated carbons spread over many structural moieties, which provides a solid guideline into molecular structure of the coal‐derived products. Nowadays, quantitative 13C NMR measurements yield information about a variety of structural parameters such as functional group distribution, aromaticity, degree of condensation of aromatic rings, and medium chain lengths together with many other more specific parameters. The structural NMR studies of coal and coal‐derived products are developing on a backdrop of a marked progress in computational NMR. At present, we are witnessing an unprecedentedly fast development of theoretical and computational methods in the field of NMR spectroscopy. Discussed in the present review are the most recent advances in the NMR studies of the processing products of peat, lignite or brown coal, anthracite or hard coal, and graphite in solution, like coal tar pitches, asphaltenes, and humic and fulvic acids.
Pricing a product with network effects for sale to a fixed population of customers
Authors: Chen Tongqing , Cooper William L.
Published: July 2024

We consider a deterministic dynamic pricing problem for a product that exhibits network effects and that is sold to a fixed heterogeneous population of customers. We begin by introducing a demand model wherein those customers are arrayed over two‐dimensional space according to a bivariate probability distribution. Each customer's location in space provides a description of that customer's intrinsic value for the product as well as the extent to which the customer is influenced by the network effect. In the pricing problem, as sales accumulate over time, the set of customers who have already purchased the product grows, while the set of customers who have not yet purchased the product shrinks. The total customer population remains fixed. Those who have not yet purchased constitute the remaining population of potential buyers of the product. As time moves forward, the mix of customers that remain as potential buyers evolves endogenously. The demand model yields a geometric interpretation of the remaining population of potential buyers, and gives rise to a dynamic program with states that are sets in two‐dimensional space. It is not practical to solve the dynamic pricing problem to optimality, so we present bounds and comparative statics results that help us identify tractable heuristics and obtain rigorous performance guarantees. In numerical experiments, we find that fixed‐price policies may perform poorly, especially when the network effect is strong or the time horizon is long. We also introduce a stochastic version of the problem that uses a spatial Poisson process to describe the customers, and we develop and analyze a heuristic approach for that formulation.
A pediatric primary care practice‐based obesity intervention to support families: a cluster‐randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pbert Lori , Druker Sue , Crawford Sybil , Frisard Christine , Bram Jennifer , Olendzki Barbara , Andersen Victoria , Hazelton Jennifer , Simone Dante , Trivedi Michelle , Ryan Grace , Schneider Kristin , Geller Alan C.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatric practices help families make lifestyle changes to improve BMI, but provider time and access to treatment are limited. This study compared the effectiveness of two pediatric practice‐based referral interventions in reducing BMI.

Methods

In this cluster‐randomized clinical trial, 20 pediatric primary care practices were randomized to telephonic coaching (Fitline Coaching) or mailed workbook (Fitline Workbook). Parents and their 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children with BMI ≥ 85th percentile completed assessments at baseline and at 6 and 12 months post baseline. Primary outcomes were 12‐month BMI percentile and z score.

Results

A total of 501 children and their parents received Fitline Coaching (n = 243) or Fitline Workbook (n = 258); 26.8% had overweight, 55.4% had obesity, and 17.8% had severe obesity. Mean (SD) age was 10.5 (1.4), and 47.5% were female. BMI percentile improved in both groups; 12‐month decline in continuous BMI z score was not statistically significant in either group. However, 20.8% of telephonic coaching participants and 12.4% of workbook participants achieved a clinically significant reduction of at least 0.25 in BMI z score, a significant between‐group difference (p = 0.0415).

Conclusions

Both low‐intensity interventions were acceptable and produced modest improvements in BMI percentile. One in five children in the telephonic coaching condition achieved clinically meaningful BMI z score improvements. However, more research is needed before such a program could be recommended for pediatric primary care practice.
Optimal and robust control methodologies for 4DOF active suspension systems: A comparative study with uncertainty considerations
Authors: Alqudsi Yunes , Bolat Fevzi Cakmak , Makaraci Murat
Published: July 2024

Drawing from recent developments in the field, this article explores advanced control methodologies for active suspension systems with the aim of enhancing ride comfort and vehicle handling. The study systematically and comprehensively implements, simulates, and compares five control methods: Proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID), linear quadratic regulator (LQR), , , and synthesis in the context of half‐vehicle active suspension systems. By using a detailed system model that includes parameter uncertainties and performance weights, analysis, and simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of each control approach. The results provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of these methods, offering a comprehensive comparative analysis. Notably, the study reveals that control may not ensure stability for all possible combinations within a broad range of uncertainties, indicating the need for careful consideration in its application. The results and simulations thoroughly evaluate and compare the performance of each control strategy across various output responses, contributing to the advancement of more effective and reliable active suspension systems.
Defying Predictions: Global Bureaucracy and the Art of not Making Guesses about Papua New Guinea
Authors: Handman Courtney
Published: July 2024

Papua New Guinea's story of decolonisation has never meshed very well with standard visions of nationalist struggle. Focused exclusively on the coloniser and the colonised, these narratives ignore the role played by post‐war global groups and organisations whose decolonial work has largely been forgotten. In this article, I examine the role of the United Nations Trusteeship Council in pushing Australia and Papua New Guinea towards decolonisation through their bureaucratic demands for particular forms of information flow. Australia responded to these demands for information – in particular demands for target dates for independence – by claiming that the Trust Territory of New Guinea was a space in which it was impossible to make any kind of predictions. Through annual reports and careful stage‐management of UN Trusteeship Council Visiting Missions, Australia presented their own failures of governance to the UN as natural facts of the Territory of New Guinea's geographic and cultural ‘fragmentation’ rather than as a political fact of Australia's own resources and management. This set the stage for the kinds of contemporary discourses of fragmentation and division that are hallmarks of complaints about Papua New Guinea as a failed state.
Acidic Pepsin Affects Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Growth and Invasion Through Glycolysis
Authors: Yu Ding‐Li , Li Ke‐Da , Bao Yang‐Yang , Fu Zi‐Ming , Fan Jun , Zhou Shui‐Hong
Published: July 2024

Objective

The pathogenic mechanism underlying the effects of acidic pepsin in laryngeal cancer remains unclear. This study investigated whether acidic pepsin influences Glut‐1 expression and glycolytic activity in laryngeal carcinoma cells and whether it plays a role in the growth and migration of these cells through glycolysis.

Study Design

In vitro study.

Setting

A university‐affiliated hospital.

Methods

Laryngeal carcinoma TU 212 and TU 686 cells were treated with acidic pepsin and 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2‐DG), then transfected with Glut‐1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Glucose uptake was detected by a radioimmunoassay counter, lactate secretion was detected by a lactic acid kit, and Glut‐1 expression was detected by western blotting. Cell viability, migration and invasion, and clonal formation were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit‐8, Transwell chamber, and clonal formation assays, respectively.

Results

Acidic pepsin significantly increased Glut‐1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma cells compared with the control group (P < .01). It also significantly enhanced 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (Cin/Cout) uptake, lactate secretion, cell viability, migration, invasion, and clonal formation in laryngeal carcinoma cells compared with the control group (P < .01). The glycolytic inhibitor 2‐DG and Glut‐1 siRNA significantly reversed the effects of acidic pepsin on laryngeal carcinoma cells (P < .01).

Conclusion

Acidic pepsin enhances the growth and migration of laryngeal carcinoma cells by upregulating Glut‐1, thus promoting glycolysis.
Investigation of the static and low‐velocity impact performance of 3D braided spacer composites
Authors: Xu Weihao , Wang Yuqing , Gu Zhiqi , Wang Ping , Zhang Yan , Li Yuanyuan
Published: July 2024

To meet the lightweight requirements of advanced composite materials, the ultralightweight three‐dimensional (3D) braided spacer composites were designed and manufactured by ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The key structural effects of core column distances and core column heights on the static bending, compression, and low‐velocity impact properties of the composites were further investigated. Results indicated that the mechanical properties of 3D braided spacer composites was closely depended on their structural parameters. The flexure and compression of 3D braided spacer composites decreased with increasing core column distance and core column height. W1/H1 specimen showed the optimal bending and compressive performance. The maximum flexural strength and flexural modulus were approximately 54.77 MPa and 4.95 GPa, respectively. The low‐velocity impact properties were further investigated where the stiffness, energy absorption, and impact resistance of the composite decreased with increasing core column distance. The peak load and energy absorption of the W1 specimen were 2.39 kN and 7.99 J, respectively. While the low‐velocity impact properties increased with increasing core column distance. The H3 specimen exhibited the greatest stiffness, impact resistance and energy absorption with peak loads and energy absorption of 2.81 kN and 8.49 J, respectively. In addition, the macro morphology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)micrographs were examined to investigate the damage morphology and failure mechanism of the composites. The main failure modes were matrix cracking, interface debonding, fiber buckling, and dislocation, as well as tilting, and failure of the core columns. This work provides guidance for structural design and engineering application of 3D lightweight braided spacer composite.
Comparison of carbon‐reinforced composites manufactured by vacuum assisted resin infusion with traditional and fully recyclable epoxy resins
Authors: Tosto Claudio , Saitta Lorena , Barouni Antigoni , Sarasini Fabrizio , Tirilló Jacopo , Bavasso Irene , Ziegmann Gerhard
Published: July 2024

This study presents a comparative analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites manufactured through vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) using a traditional epoxy resin (E), a fully‐recyclable epoxy resin system with (BBR10) and without (BBR) the addition of a reactive diluent (R*Diluent). Various mechanical and thermal tests were conducted to assess their performance. The BBR10 laminate, incorporating 10 wt% R*Diluent, exhibited competitive mechanical performance, comparable to traditional (E) and fully‐recyclable laminates (BBR). Despite a slightly lower ultimate tensile strength (UTS) compared with BBR, BBR10 demonstrated improved flexural strength and modulus. Low‐velocity impact testing confirmed comparable strength between VARI‐produced composites with the recyclable matrix (BBR and BBR10) and the traditional one (E). X‐ray mCT investigations revealed distinct void arrangements in the CFRP laminates. Additionally, a chemical approach was employed for recovering high fractions of fibers from CFRP laminates with a recyclable matrix (BBR and BBR10). Chemical recycling achieved an almost 100% yield for long carbon fibers.

Highlights

Comparative analysis of CFRP composites manufactured through VARI.

Diluent addition allowed to tailor the recyclable epoxy viscosity.

Mechanical characterization of traditional and fully recyclable epoxy resins.

Investigation by X‐ray mCT of potential flaws and manufacturing defects.

Chemical recycling of CFRP laminates with a recyclable matrix.
The potential of ribonucleotide reductase M2 as a novel prognostic maker and therapeutic target to inhibit medulloblastoma proliferation, migration, and invasiveness
Authors: Wu Xuanxuan , Gou Pan , Fang Chencheng , Zhou Yudong , Li Lusheng , Zhai Xuan , Liang Ping
Published: July 2024

The crucial role of ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) enzyme in cancer occurrence and progression has been well‐established, but its specific function and significance in medulloblastoma (MB) remains largely unknown. First, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis of public genomic databases and observed highly expressed RRM2 in MB and an association of high RRM2 expression with adverse outcomes. In addition, by collecting clinical MB specimens for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), RRM2 was confirmed to be highly expressed in tumor tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis linked adverse prognosis to high RRM2 expression. Moreover, knocking down RRM2 significantly inhibited MB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. This report is the first to demonstrate the oncogenic role of RRM2 in MB, associated with adverse patient outcomes. Knocking down RRM2 contributes to weakened proliferating, migrating, and invading potentials of MB cells. RRM2 is expected to be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for MB.
Development of graphene oxide‐incorporated biopolymer‐carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum‐based hydrogel as an effective adsorbent for the sequestration of dye pollutants
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Warkar Sudhir G. , Kumar Anil
Published: July 2024

The present study describes the facile synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and GO/carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG)‐based hydrogel composite. The synthesized GO/CMTKG/PAM hydrogel composite was applied as an adsorbent for the selective sequestration of toxic crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous medium. The impact of various controlling parameters such as contact time, pH, concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature was studied. The experimental data obtained from the isotherm and kinetics modeling showed a good correlation with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model, respectively. The optimized concentration of dye was 40 mg L−1 for CV and 20 mg L−1 for MB, and the adsorption capacity (qmax) was calculated to be 111 mg g−1 for CV dye and 25 mg g−1 for MB dye. The synthesized adsorbent exhibits excellent recyclability for dye uptake after six consecutive cycles. Furthermore, the simultaneous adsorption of CV and MB from the binary system was carried out to ascertain the utility of the adsorbent in a wide range of adsorption systems. The adsorbent was also found to act as a proficient adsorbent in various water samples. These results demonstrated that synthesized hydrogel can be successfully applied as an adsorbent for the sequestration of dye effluents in real‐time applications.

Highlights

Hydrogel composite was successfully synthesized via a free radical mechanism.

It is an efficient adsorbent for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.

It shows selectivity towards cationic dyes and works in a binary mixture of cationic dyes.

It shows good removal efficacy in different water samples, including real wastewater samples.

It also shows proficient removal efficacy after six consecutive regeneration cycles.
A review on sustainable properties of plant fiber‐reinforced polymer composites: characteristics and properties
Authors: Sathish Mariappan , Radhika Nachimuthu , Venuvanka Nitin , Rajeshkumar Lakshminarasimhan
Published: July 2024

Fiber‐reinforced composites have emerged as versatile materials with applications spanning diverse industries, driven by their exceptional mechanical properties and lightweight nature. This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural fiber‐reinforced composites, focusing on their enhanced mechanical and functional properties achieved through modern processing techniques. The study delves into various manufacturing methods, such as thermoforming, additive manufacturing, compression molding, electro‐spinning, pultrusion and autoclave molding, which have significantly contributed to the advancement of these composites. The review further investigates the multifaceted properties of these composites, which highlights the versatility and applicability of these materials and provides a holistic understanding of their potential applications. Additionally, the work addresses current research gaps and identifies prospects, shedding light on the evolving landscape of natural fiber‐reinforced composites. The synthesis of processing techniques, material properties and potential applications offers valuable insights for researchers, practitioners and industries aiming to harness the full potential of these sustainable and high‐performance materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis after athletic knee injury: A narrative review of diagnostic imaging strategies
Authors: Fogarty Alexandra E. , Chiang Michael C. , Douglas Stephanie , Yaeger Lauren H. , Ambrosio Fabrisia , Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale , Borg‐Stein Joanne , Tenforde Adam S.
Published: July 2024

Intraarticular knee injuries and subsequent posttraumatic arthritis (PTOA) are common in athletes. Unfortunately, PTOA may significantly affect performance and overall function, but this condition remains difficult to characterize. In this review, we provide an overview of imaging modalities used to evaluate PTOA among athletes and physically active individuals following knee injury, with the goal to discuss the strengths and limitations of their application in this population. A literature search was performed to identify clinical studies focusing of knee injuries in athletes and athletic persons, specifically using imaging for diagnosis or monitoring disease progression. A total of 81 articles were identified, and 23 were included for review. Studies on plain radiographs (n = 8) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessed arthritic burden (n = 13), with MRI able to depict the earliest cartilage changes. Few studies (n = 2) leveraged ultrasound. Challenges persist, particularly regarding standardization and reliability across different radiographic grading systems. Additionally, further research is needed to establish the clinical significance of techniques to assess cartilage composition on MRI, including ultrashort echo‐time enhanced T2*, T1rho and T2 imaging. Addressing these challenges through standardized protocols and intensified research efforts will enhance the diagnostic utility of imaging modalities in musculoskeletal medicine and enable high‐quality prospective studies.
Atomic Simulation of Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Co30Fe16.67Ni36.67Ti16.67 High Entropy Alloy Under Uniaxial Loading
Authors: Fu Ying , Li Wei , Wang Qi , Sun Yinnan , Gao Qing , Xu Xu , Ren Junqiang , Lu Xuefeng
Published: July 2024

Mechanical behavior and plastic deformation mechanism of a new type of Co30Fe16.67Ni36.67Ti16.67 high entropy alloys (HEAs) have been calculated by the molecular dynamics method. The results show that the polycrystalline Co30Fe16.67Ni36.67Ti16.67 HEA has remarkable tensile plasticity and anisotropy. When the crystallographic orientation of the grain is <001>, the plastic deformation mechanism is face‐centered cubic (FCC)→body‐centered cubic (BCC) transformation and deformation twins. Grain boundary and vacancy reduce the nucleation energy of FCC→BCC phase transition, making BCC phase nucleation easy and growing in a shear manner, eventually forming deformation twins in the BCC phase. When the crystallographic orientation of grain is <110> and <111>, the plastic deformation mechanism is stacking faults, FCC→hexagonal‐close‐packed (HCP) phase transformation, and deformation twins. The motion of Shockley dislocation leads to the stacking fault, intrinsic stacking fault leads to the FCC→HCP phase transition, extrinsic stratification fault leads to the twin deformation, and the grain refining occurs during the tension process. Temperature and strain rate also have strong effects on tensile strength and elastic modulus. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the development of the HEAs and expand their application.
Exploring Structural, Electronic, Vibrational, and Thermophysical Properties of Fe–Pt, Fe3–Pt, and Fe–Pt3 Alloys: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Thacker Bhavik , Solanki Mitesh B. , Kharatmol Ratnamala , Kale Yogesh D. , Akhani Trilok
Published: July 2024

Utilizing density functional theory, the structural, electronic, vibrational, and thermophysical properties of L10 FePt, L12 Fe3Pt, and L12 FePt3 alloys are meticulously analyzed. Employing projected augmented wave pseudopotentials alongside the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof exchange‐correlation function, equilibrium lattice constants are computed, aligning closely with existing data, thus validating our approach. To ascertain the dynamical stability of these alloys, phonon frequencies and density of states across high symmetry directions of the Brillouin zone are computed, affirming their stability with positive phonon frequencies throughout. Furthermore, the electronic band structure, the total and projected density of states, electronic charge density, and Fermi surfaces of the alloys are delved. The thorough analysis of phonon dispersion curves, electronic band structures, and the density of states, charge densities, and Fermi surfaces provides conclusive insights into the properties and behavior of the alloys. In essence, comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights into the thermophysical properties of L10 FePt, L12 Fe3Pt, and L12 FePt3 alloys, spanning equilibrium lattice constants, phonon characteristics, and electronic properties. These findings significantly augment the understanding of the structural stability, phonon dynamics, and electronic behavior exhibited by these alloys.
Magnoflorine alleviates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wen Jianxia , Yang Yi , Li Lu , Xie Jiachen , Yang Junjie , Zhang Fangling , Duan Liting , Hao Junjie , Tong Yuling , He Yuxin
Published: July 2024

Magnoflorine (Mag), a natural alkaloid component originating from the Ranunculaceae Juss. Family, has a various of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of Mag on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced ulcerative colitis (UC) based on comprehensive approaches. Therapeutic effects of Mag on 3% DSS‐induced UC mice were analyzed. UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS was performed to investigate the potential metabolites and signaling pathway of Mag on DSS‐induced UC. Furthermore, the predicted mRNA and protein levels of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in colon tissue were verified and assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. Therapeutic effects of Mag on UC mice were presented in down‐regulation serum biochemical indices, alleviating histological damage of colon tissue. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that the potential mechanism of Mag on UC is mainly associated with the regulation of six biomarkers and 11 pathways, which may be responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of UC. The “component–metabolites–targets” interactive network indicated that Mag exerts its anti‐UC effect by regulating PTGS1 and PTGS2, thereby regulating arachidonic acid. Moreover, the results of qRT‐PCR showed that Mag could substantially decrease the relative mRNA expression level of Hub genes. In addition, it was found that Mag could inhibit the relative mRNA and protein expression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The present results highlighted the role of Mag ameliorated colon injury in DSS‐induced UC mice by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These results suggest that Mag may be an effective agent for the treatment of UC.
Static output feedback LFC for semi‐Markov type interconnected multi‐area power systems: A non‐fragile PI strategy
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Li Yulong , Cheng Jun , Shi Kaibo , Qiu Kun
Published: July 2024

This article addresses the static output feedback load frequency control (LFC) problem for semi‐Markov type interconnected multi‐area power systems (IMAPSs) through non‐fragile proportional‐integral (PI) strategy. Primarily, by roundly exploiting the dynamical properties and considering random mutations of the IMAPSs, the semi‐Markov jump process (MJP) is elaborately scheduled for establishing the dynamical model with precision. Subsequently, on account of the characteristic of geographical isolation, a memory‐like sampled‐data LFC mechanism considering time‐varying transmission delay for the semi‐Markov jump IMPASs is formulated accordingly. Additionally, the non‐fragile issue is explored for the PI controller gain fluctuations to meet the actual operation scenario. After that, a mode‐dependent two‐side polynomial‐type looped Lyapunov functional is constructed for enhancing flexibility. Then, in virtue of the stochastic analysis technique, some relaxed conditions guaranteeing stochastic stability with prescribed performance are thereby derived in the shape of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Ultimately, a numerical example is carried out to validate the efficacy of the developed control methodology.
Detecting selective logging in tropical forests with optical satellite data: an experiment in Peru shows texture at 3 m gives the best results
Authors: Aquino Chiara , Mitchard Edward T. A. , McNicol Iain M. , Carstairs Harry , Burt Andrew , Vilca Beisit L. P. , Mayta Sylvia , Disney Mathias
Published: July 2024

Selective logging is known to be widespread in the tropics, but is currently very poorly mapped, in part because there is little quantitative data on which satellite sensor characteristics and analysis methods are best at detecting it. To improve this, we used data from the Tropical Forest Degradation Experiment (FODEX) plots in the southern Peruvian Amazon, where different numbers of trees had been removed from four plots of 1 ha each, carefully inventoried by hand and terrestrial laser scanning before and after the logging to give a range of biomass loss (∆AGB) values. We conducted a comparative study of six multispectral optical satellite sensors at 0.3–30 m spatial resolution, to find the best combination of sensor and remote sensing indicator for change detection. Spectral reflectance, the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and texture parameters were extracted after radiometric calibration and image preprocessing. The strength of the relationships between the change in these values and field‐measured ∆AGB (computed in % ha−1) was analysed. The results demonstrate that: (a) texture measures correlates more with ∆AGB than simple spectral parameters; (b) the strongest correlations are achieved for those sensors with spatial resolutions in the intermediate range (1.5–10 m), with finer or coarser resolutions producing worse results, and (c) when texture is computed using a moving square window ranging between 9 and 14 m in length. Maps predicting ∆AGB showed very promising results using a NIR‐derived texture parameter for 3 m resolution PlanetScope (R2 = 0.97 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.91% ha−1), followed by 1.5 m SPOT‐7 (R2 = 0.76 and RMSE = 5.06% ha−1) and 10 m Sentinel‐2 (R2 = 0.79 and RMSE = 4.77% ha−1). Our findings imply that, at least for lowland Peru, low‐medium intensity disturbance can be detected best in optical wavelengths using a texture measure derived from 3 m PlanetScope data.