bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
7. Effects of Farming in Biodiversity
Authors: Gerencser Laura , Domalik Aice , Gunn Emma , Karakashian Peter , Kim Netalie SuBin
Published: April 2021

Recent shifts in agricultural practices to become more intensive have led to habitat degradation and the displacement of native flora and fauna, reducing the biodiversity associated with farmlands. Biodiversity is important for the health of the ecosystem in the affected area and our project aims to investigate modern agricultural practices to determine which aspects are responsible for the decline in biodiversity and what is threatening the recovery of endangered species. Direct effects of cultivation practices, indirect effects of pesticide use, and farmers’ perspective on the value of wildlife will all be investigated for their potential link to biodiversity declines. By working with the Ontario Federation of Agriculture, and local farmers, we hope to come up with feasible recommendations to improve levels of biodiversity. These recommendations will focus on altering methods of agriculture to increase the diversity of species on farmland and to help the recovery of species at risk including the birds bobolink, and eastern meadowlark, as well as the milk snake, to name a few. The aim of these recommendations is to not only improve habitat for wildlife, but to provide the farmers involved with beneficial ecosystem services that are more sustainable than current practices. By doing so, the presence of wildlife could be seen as a valuable contribution to their operation, not as a burden to productivity.
10. The Golden Eagle - Conservation & Protection in Kingston, Ontario
Authors: Kanga Emma , Douglas Amelia , Evelynn Ashleigh , Ford Morgan , Koposhynska Hanna
Published: April 2021

This research project works to analyze and diminish the major threats to the Golden Eagle species through developing efficient and effective conservation techniques and introducing these advancements into the Kingston, Ontario habitat. We propose a partnership with the Kingston Field Naturalists (KFN), a community group with an active mandate in the preservation and conservation of wildlife and natural habitats. Many of their current projects involve at-risk bird species, and they are well equipped to aid in the successful development and implementation of this initiative. There are a few factors that affect the livelihood of Golden Eagles. Wind turbines, pesticides and power lines are some parts of an urban setting that cause disturbance to these creatures. Other vulnerabilities include habitat destruction, limited food availability and human killings to prevent preying on livestock. Some conservation techniques that are successful in managing Golden Eagle populations around the world include the use of bird sensitivity maps and the implementation of adaptive-management frameworks during community planning. Sensitivity maps are formulated taking into account foraging range, collision risk and sensitivity to disturbance (Bright et al., 2008), while adaptive-management frameworks limit recreational activities near known nesting areas (Fackler et al., 2010). By implementing and adapting strategies put in place in countries like Ireland and around the world we hope to reintroduce a sustainable population of Golden Eagles in Ontario, specifically within the Kingston area. This can be achieved through donation of Golden Eagle chicks from areas in Canada in which this bird is common.
12. Influence of Reaction Conditions on Polymer Morphology in Fused Silica Capillaries
Authors: Langille Katherine
Published: April 2021

Hydrophobic poly-(benzyl methacrylate-co-1,4 butanediol dimethacrylate) (pBMA) microtubes have been produced through in situ polymerization inside fused silica capillaries. Solvent polarity, reaction temperature and the number of successive polymerization reactions were varied in order to investigate their effect on microtube morphology. It was determined that altering the reaction temperature and solvent polarity enabled control over the degree of tubular morphology, such that the pBMA tubes became more tubular at lower temperatures and in more polar solvents. The thickness of the pBMA tubes increased through multiple successive polymerization reactions. It was determined that pBMA microtube thickness and degree of tubular morphology were controllable, which enables alteration of pBMA tube morphology to optimize their performance in a variety of microscale applications.
14. The Greek Crisis: The Internet as the Historians Tool
Authors: Marubashi Andrew
Published: April 2021

It has been rightly observed that it will take decades for historians to actually make sense of what happened in world history in 2011. Ultimately, the recentness of any event will determine when a process can be historically analyzed. Even more, there is a lot of discussion on the relationship between history and the Internet, and on histories 'impact' capacity, i.e. its ability to connect with the developments in the wider society. Historians, unlike other disciplines have not utilized the net to service historical study. This research examined the foreign response to the Greek Debt Crisis through looking at the net as a primary source of historical information; looking at the net as a tool in generating further historical information (similar to Oral History). This was achieved through analyzing blogs, online newspaper articles, embassy websites, online journals and other websites that the Internet had to offer. The findings of the research facilitated the creation of multiple timelines based on threats, projections, and a general history. In addition, the research also served as a methodological experiment. Fundamentally, the research concluded that the Internet could be used as a primary source as well as a supplementary source in dealing with a recent event. Moreover it pushed the boundaries of historical distance in historiography.
Perfil demográfico y sintomatológico de pacientes de un centro psicoterapéutico mexicano
Authors: De la Garza Tolentino Carlos David , Mendoza Cabañas Patricia Del Carmen , Ocampo Alvarado Juan Carlos , Leija Banda Fernando Iván , Espinosa Becerra Ana Karen
Published: April 2021

La información respecto a las personas atendidas en contextos clínicos es escasa; apenas se conocen sus características demográficas, sintomatología y demandas. Tal información es crucial para informar las decisiones operativas de los centros psicológicos, guiar la formación continua de los psicoterapeutas y dirigir el desarrollo de iniciativas clínicas centradas en el paciente. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el perfil demográfico y sintomatológico de los pacientes de un centro psicoterapéutico mexicano, para lo cual se administró un cuestionario demográfico breve y el Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) a 100 pacientes de primer ingreso con edad promedio de 30.42 ± 9.69 años, de los cuales 58% eran mujeres. El instrumento psicométrico reveló índices de confiabilidad y validez adecuados, y todas sus dimensiones correlacionaron entre sí, salvo tres pares. Las dimensiones sintomatológicas más altas en promedio fueron la obsesión-compulsión, la depresión y el psicoticismo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas por género, siendo las mujeres quienes obtuvieron las mayores puntuaciones en tres dimensiones, y predictores para todas las escalas, excepto dos. Con base en los resultados, se propone recolectar permanentemente información sintomatológica de los pacientes a partir del SCL-90-R; priorizar la formación continua en el tratamiento de los problemas prevalentes en la adultez temprana y la sintomatología psicótica y depresiva, y dirigir los esfuerzos de captación de clientela hacia las mujeres adultas jóvenes.
Anatomical Measurement of Normal Eustachian Tube on the Temporal Bone Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Ratag Yanti Anita , Asriyani Sri , Murtala Bachtiar , Gaffar Masyita
Published: April 2021

Tujuan: Menggambarkan pengukuran anatomis tuba Eustachius normal pada pencitraan Computed Tomography (CT) tulang temporal. Metode: Ini adalah penelitian deskriptif tuba Eustachius normal dengan mengukur diameter pretimpani, sudut tubotimpani dan panjang pars kartilago tuba Eustachius normal menggunakan teknik rekonstruksi multiplanar pada pencitraan CT tulang temporal dari 58 sampel di beberapa rumah sakit di Makassar. Semua sampel dibagi lagi menjadi kelompok laki-laki dan perempuan, serta kelompok sisi  kanan dan kiri. Kami juga membagi sampel menjadi 6 kelompok usia. Hasil: Rerata diameter pretimpani pada kelompok pria adalah 4,62 mm dan pada kelompok wanita adalah 4,36 mm. Rerata diameter pretimpani adalah 4,59 mm pada kelompok sisi kanan dan 4,36 mm pada kelompok sisi kiri. Rerata sudut tubotimpani adalah 143,5o pada kelompok pria dan 143,3o pada kelompok wanita. Nilai rerata sudut tubotimpani tidak memiliki perbedaan di kedua sisi telinga. Rerata panjang  pars kartilago tidak memiliki perbedaan antara kelompok pria dan wanita dan juga antara sisi kanan dan kiri. Simpulan: Diameter pretimpani lebih besar pada kelompok pria dan kelompok sisi kanan. Sudut tubotimpani dan panjang kartilago tuba Eustachius tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada semua kelompok.Kata kunci: tuba eustachius, diameter pretimpani, sudut tubotimpani, panjang kartilago, CT tulang tempor
Faktor yang Menghambat Pelaporan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit: Literature Review
Authors: Habibah Tamaamah , Dhamanti Inge
Published: April 2021

Pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam sistem perawatan kesehatan, karena bermanfaat untuk mengidentifikasi risiko dasar dan mencegah kesalahan yang sama terulang kembali. Rendahnya tingkat pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit menyebabkan sulitnya identifikasi kesalahan dan melakukan investigasi lebih lanjut. Tujuan: Menentukan faktor yang menghambat atau mempengaruhi pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Metode: Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui database PubMed, Sciencedirect, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci "patient safety incident" AND "incident reporting" OR "medical error reporting" AND "barriers incident reporting" OR "under reporting" AND "hospital". Total temuan artikel sebanyak 385, tetapi hanya 12 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Hasil: Terdapat total studi pada 23 rumah sakit di sembilan negara yang menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing rumah sakit memiliki beberapa faktor yang menghambat atau mempengaruhi pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien. Paling banyak ditemukan yaitu ketakutan staf terhadap hukuman dan intimidasi, kurangnya pengetahuan terhadap prosedur melapor, rendahnya umpan balik yang positif dari manajemen, serta undang-undang yang tidak melindungi pelapor. Simpulan: Hambatan pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit dipengaruhi oleh 3 faktor penting yaitu faktor individu, faktor organisasi, dan faktor pemerintah.Kata kunci: hambatan pelaporan insiden, insiden keselamatan pasien, pelaporan insiden, rumah sakit
Pengaruh Likopen terhadap Kadar Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 pada Preeklamsi
Authors: Basyir Vaulinne , Fauziah Prima Nanda , Pramatirta Akhmad Yogi , Yanwirasti Yanwirasti , Mose Johanes C. , Oenzil Fadil
Published: April 2021

Preeklamsi merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas baik maternal maupun perinatal. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian likopen terhadap kadar sFlt-1 secara in vitro pada sel trofoblas model preeklamsi. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental di Laboratorium Genetika Molekuler dan Kultur Sel Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran selama periode 2017-2018. Sampel serum diperoleh dari RS. Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien yang telah didiagnosis preeklamsi berdasarkan pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan protein urin, dan kriteria eksklusi adalag pasien yang tidak datang kontrol atau tidak bisa dihubungi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap, pertama ditentukan nilai LD50 likopen terhadap sel trofoblas kemudian dijadikan dasar nilai konsentrasi yang akan digunakan, selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan sFlt-1 menggunakan metode Elisa pada kultur sel trofoblas kondisi normal dan preeklamsi dengan analisa data menggunakan analisis varians (Anova) dan uji Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar variabel. Hasil: Nilai LD50 adalah 250 ug/ml dan serial konsentrasi yang digunakan mulai dari 1,953 sampai dengan 125 ug/ml. Didapatkan kadar sFlt-1 menurun secara signifikan (p0,05) dari 39,5445 menjadi 31,1342 pg/ml pada sel trofoblas yang diinduksi dengan serum preeklamsi setelah pemberian konsentrasi likopen sebesar 15,625-31,25 ug/ml yang nilainya mendekati keadaan pada sel trofoblas yang diinduksi serum kehamilan normal. Pemberian likopen dapat menurunkan kadar sFlt-1 pada sel trofoblas preeklamsi. Simpulan: Likopen dapat merubah kadar sFlt-1 dan perubahannya dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi dan jenis serum.Kata kunci: likopen, preeklampsi, sFlt-1
Penatalaksanaan Multirinosinusitis Kronis dengan Komplikasi Abses Subperiosteal Sinistra
Authors: Ambriani Desy , Irfandy Dolly , Vitresia Havriza
Published: April 2021

Abses subperiosteal merupakan salah satu komplikasi dari rinosinusitis baik akut ataupun kronis. Beberapa faktor sangat berperan sebagai penyebab penyebaran rinosinusitis ke orbita. Diagnosis rinosinusitis kronik dengan komplikasi abses periorbita ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, nasoendoskopi, tomografi komputer serta Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Penatalaksanaan rinosinusitis kronis dengan komplikasi abses subperiosteal adalah pemberian medikamentosa antibiotik intravena spektrum luas atau kombinasi, dekongestan, kortikosteroid sistemik disertai dengan tindakan operatif yaitu pendekatan Bedah Sinus Endoskopi Fungsional (BSEF). Dilaporkan satu kasus rinosinusitis kronis dengan komplikasi abses subperiosteal kiri pada laki-laki umur 40 tahun dan telah dilakukan perawatan dan dilanjutkan dengan pembedahan melalui pendekatan BSEF. Rinosinusitis kronik dengan komplikasi abses subperiosteal dapat ditatalaksana dengan terapi antibiotik dan pembedahan. Keterlambatan penanganan mempengaruhi tingkat kerusakan. Penanganan dengan antibiotik yang adekuat dan BSEF memberikan prognosis yang baik pada pasien.Kata kunci: abses subperiosteal, BSEF, rinosinusitis kronik
Kemampuan Predasi Ikan Kepala Timah Aplocheilus panchax Jantan dan Betina Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Lukas Jonathan Loody , Adrianto Hebert , Darmanto Arief Gunawan
Published: April 2021

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia sampai sekarang. Pemanfaatan ikan kepala timah (Aplocheilus panchax / A. panchax) sebagai pengendali vektor secara biologis bertujuan untuk memutus rantai penularan. Tujuan: Menentukan kemampuan predasi dan keefektifan ikan A. panchax jantan dan betina terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode post-test only design. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah larva yang dipredasi setiap lima menit hingga 20 larva habis termakan kemudian dianalisis dengan independent sample t-test untuk mengetahui rerata kemampuan predasi kedua kelompok ikan. Hasil: (1) ikan betina  memakan rerata 9.20 larva per lima menit sedangkan ikan jantan 7.40 larva per lima menit. (2) ikan betina paling cepat menghabiskan 20 larva nyamuk dalam waktu 6 menit 44 detik sedangkan ikan jantan 9 menit 8 detik. Simpulan: Ikan A. panchax betina lebih efektif dari yang jantan sehingga berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pengendalian vektor DBD.Kata kunci: aplocheilus panchax, aedes aegypti, DBD, pengendalian vektor
Climate change simulation and impacts on extreme events of rainfall and storm water in the Zayandeh Rud Catchment
Authors:   Département of Civil Engineering, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada, Javadinejad Safieh , Dara Rebwar ,   Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Knowledge University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Jafary Forough ,   Water Resource Management, Environment Agency, UK
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, one of the most significant problems is that to recognize how the severity of heavy precipitation and floods may alter in future time in comparison with the current period. The purpose of this research is to understand the impact of future climate change on storm water and probability of maximum flood for future time period. Zayandeh rud river basin in Iran is selected as a case study. Forecast of future climatic parameters based on temperature and precipitation of the upcoming period (2006-2040) is completed with using the HadCM3 model and based on RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 emission patterns. Also, climate change model is downscaled statistically with applying LARS-WG. In the next step, the probable of maximum precipitation is measured through synoptic method and then, in order to model maximum storm water under the climate change effects, the HEC-HMS for simulating rainfall-runoff model is used. Also, the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) is applied to model snow melting. The results of this research indicate the maximum of probable precipitation in the basin for the period of 2006-2040 under the scenario RCP 2.6, can rise by 5% and by the scenarios of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 can decrease by 5% and 10%, respectively in comparison with the current period 1970-2005.
Diversidad de coleópteros epigeos en bosques de hualo y plantaciones de pino insigne en Chile central
Authors: Huerta Fuentes Amanda Isabel , Muñoz Francisco , Curkovic Tomislav
Published: April 2021

Los bosques de hualo (Nothofagus glauca), endémicos de Chile, han sido impactados por procesos antrópicos, como la sustitución por plantaciones exóticas de pino insigne (Pinus radiata). La diversidad de coleópteros epigeos en bosques de hualo, altamente sensibles a los cambios ha sido escasamente documentada. Se evalúo la diversidad estacional de coleópteros epigeos en tres hábitats (bosques de hualo, plantaciones de pino y formaciones mixtas de pino-hualo) en la zona de Constitución, Chile central. Durante la primavera y verano, en tres rodales maduros de cada hábitat, se establecieron al azar tres transectos lineales de 100 m y se instalaron 10 trampas de intercepción cada 10 m. Para cada hábitat se estimó la composición, abundancia y riqueza, y se calculó la diversidad de especies por estación mediante los índices de Shannon-Wiener (H’), de Pielou (J’), Chao 2 y Jacknife 1. Además, se construyeron curvas de rarefacción para obtener la riqueza esperada. Se detectaron 19 especies de coleópteros pertenecientes a 11 familias. En primavera, las abundancias relativas de coleópteros fueron significativamente superiores en las plantaciones de pino, seguidas de las formaciones mixtas y los bosques de hualo. En verano, aunque la abundancia se redujo, la predominancia en las plantaciones de pino permaneció estable. La riqueza relativa en las plantaciones de pino y bosques de hualo fueron superiores en verano. No obstante, se dedujo a través de las curvas de rarefacción, que sólo el esfuerzo de muestreo en verano fue el adecuado. Los índices H’ fueron superiores en las formaciones mixtas en primavera, y en los bosques de N. glauca en verano, coincidiendo con los J’ más elevados. Los resultados sugieren que, mantener plantaciones de pino insigne, favorece la conservación de coleópteros epigeos, actuando como reservorios de biodiversidad, posiblemente por la mayor cobertura arbórea y de sotobosque en este hábitat en particular.
Ulcerative colitis: assessment of disease activity based on contemporary scales
Authors: Glinkowski Sławomir , Marcinkowska Daria
Published: April 2021

Ulcerative colitis is a disease which has been attracting a growing interest in society. The contemporary lifestyle and diet cause an increasing number of patients to complain of gastrointestinal problems. The incidence of ulcerative colitis has not increased over the last few years; however, new medicinal substances and treatment possibilities have still been occurring. In order to standardise the assessment of patients with ulcerative colitis a number of scales have been developed for the assessment of their clinical status as well as changes in the endoscopic picture and nutritional status. The first scale assessing the severity of ulcerative colitis episodes, which is still being used today, was developed in 1955 by Truelove and Witts while they were studying the influence of cortisone on the course of ulcerative colitis. Currently, new scales are still being developed which aim to facilitate and standardise therapeutic decisions of doctors taking care of patients with ulcerative colitis as far as possible. Due to the prevalence of the disease the patients do not always find themselves in referral centres, but also in smaller hospitals that do not specialise in ulcerative colitis therapy. From the point of view of a surgeon the most important issue is determining whether the patient requires surgery or whether pharmacotherapy alone is sufficient. A rapid course of the disease, a high severity of complaints and malnutrition often leading to cachexia precludes conservative treatment and requires more radical management of the disease and surgical intervention.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the ileum causing obstruction in an 84-year-old patient – a case report
Authors: Łampika Krzysztof , Dutkiewicz Paweł , Ciesielski Przemysław
Published: April 2021

Although small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer, with estimated incidence rate of 4 cases per million persons it is the most common small bowel tumour. Diagnosis of early-stage disease is difficult due to non-specific symptoms. Patients are usually treated on an emergency basis due to gastrointestinal obstruction or bleeding. The paper presents a case report of an 84-year-old female who underwent surgical treatment due to bowel obstruction caused by ileum cancer, and in whom diagnostic imaging did not allow for a correct diagnosis. The surgery was complicated by intestinal fistula. Histopathology confirmed local tumour progression. After treatment completion, the patient was referred for further anti-cancer treatment.
АНТРОПОЛОГІЧНИЙ ВИМІР КОРЕЛЯТУ БОЛЮ У РОМАНІ ОЛЕСЯ УЛЬЯНЕНКА «ДОФІН САТАНИ»
Authors: Штейнбук Фелікс
Published: April 2021

У сучасній українській літературі загалом і у творчості Олеся Ульяненка зокрема неабиякої ваги набула проблема аналізу художніх текстів, сповнених насиллям та жорстокістю. А тому мета статті полягає у тому, аби на прикладі одного із найскладніших та найсуперечливіших романів Олеся Ульяненка «Дофін Сатани» запропонувати ефективний та обґрунтований варіант методології розгляду подібних, себто «жорстких», творів. У зв’язку із цим основу відповідної методології було визначено через такий тілесний корелят, як корелят болю. Завдяки цьому аналітика роману Олеся Ульяненка «Дофін Сатани», ґрунтована на тілесному кореляті болю, дозволила, з одного боку, заперечити як суспільно-історичну, так і містично-релігійну інтерпретації, а, з іншого боку, репрезентувати альтернативну, але разом з тим вірогідну версію щодо розуміння змісту розглянутого твору, у якому поведінка і вчинки персонажів зумовлюються їхньою тілесною здатністю до переживання болісних імпульсів, що не тільки засвідчують емоційно-естетичну переконливість посталих внаслідок застосування окресленої художньої стратегії образів, а й визначають їхній аж ніяк не тваринний, а, навпаки, власне антропологічний вимір.
Spatial development of the Russian Arctic Zone: analysis of two strategies
Authors:   V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography of Siberian Branch of the RAS, Blanutsa V.I.
Published: April 2021

The author has analyzed the “Strategy for the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025” and “Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Ensuring National Security for the Period up to 2035”. Nine Arctic territories are considered. The author presents the goals of spatial development of the Russian Arctic Zone in the form of four research hypotheses, such as: each Arctic territory has more promising economic specializations than the average non-Arctic region; by the combination of specializations, the Arctic territories differ significantly from any non-Arctic region; the similarity between the Arctic territories is greater than between the ones and neighboring non-Arctic territories; the number of promising centers of economic growth in each Arctic territory is greater than in the average non-Arctic region. The author proposes a quantitative measure of the similarity of regions according to the combination of economic specializations. Calculations have shown that all initial hypotheses should be rejected as erroneous and alternative hypotheses should be recognized, according to which the goals of spatial development cannot be achieved as a result of the implementation of the activities listed in the two strategies. The researcher gives the distribution of prospective economic specializations in the Arctic territories and the significance of the similarity of these territories to each other. The Arctic Zone is found to be not a single economic macro-region, but is represented by four different clusters. The author notes the need for the formation of promising specializations in the digital economy. The practical significance of the study may be associated with the adjustment of existing or the development of new strategies for the economic development of the Russian Arctic Zone.
Impact of state support on the development of agriculture and rural areas in the European North of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnova V.V.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the development dependence of agriculture and rural areas of the European North on the current state programs. The downward trend in the living standards of the rural population developed in the 90s and continues to the present. Using the example of the Northwestern Federal District, the author analyzed the main stages of state regulation of agriculture. At the “free market” stage, an orientation towards the import of all food products prevailed, which led not only to a reduction in agricultural production, but also to deterioration in the diet of northerners. Subsidies to the agro-industrial complex do not take into account regional specifics: they are aimed at stimulating megaprojects that are not competitive in the climatic conditions of the North of Russia. For the rational distribution of production, it is necessary to attract investments in medium and small farms, but they are not among the priority projects. These farms maintain profitability even with minimal subsidies and create jobs for the rural population. The programs of integrated rural development for 2020-2025 adopted in the subjects of the Russian Federation cannot solve the set of tasks due to insufficient amount of allocated funds.
Assessment of the demographic potential of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation in the context of innovative development
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Smirennikova Е.V. , Ukhanova A.V. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Voronina L.V. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research
Published: April 2021

The article assesses the demographic potential of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account the stages of its innovative development. The relevance of the study is due to the need for the formation of an innovative economy, which will help reduce its resource dependence and increase diversification, as well as improve the quality of life of the population. Recently, there has been a “devastation” of the country’s Arctic territories, which jeopardizes their integrated development, including the introduction of an innovative vector into it. In this regard, a comprehensive assessment of the existing demographic potential on the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in conjunction with the assessment of the innovative development of the economy in the area is required. The suggested assessment methodology includes a system of indicators characterizing the natural and mechanical movement of the population, gender and age structure and health of the population, marriage rate, divorce rate and the level of its education, as well as reflecting the creation, implementation and use of innovations. The authors propose to carry out the assessment using scoring methods, natural groups, statistical analysis, interregional comparison, and expert assessments. The final stage of the assessment is the calculation of integral indices for assessing the demographic potential and innovative development of the country’s Arctic territories, presented graphically. Based on the assessment results, the authors divide all subjects into nine clusters. The old-developed regions of the European part of the Russian Arctic during the second stage of the country’s innovative development “lost ground” in most indicators of demographic potential assessment, despite the relatively high estimates of the innovation sphere. The leading positions according to the results of the demographic potential assessment in the context of innovative development belong to the Arctic regions of new development. However, in terms of the development of innovations they are among the outsiders. Thus, the authors outline a weak connection between the demographic and innovative development of the territories of the country’s Arctic zone, or predict a “delayed” effect from the introduction of innovations over time. The authors suggest applying the assessment results in the adjustment and designing of program and strategic documents of state policy in the field of demographic and innovative development of the Arctic territories of Russia.
Rare-earth elements in Cu-Ni ores of the Norilsk region
Authors:   Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of RAS, Grigoryeva A.V. , Volkov A.V. ,   Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of RAS, Murashov K.Y. ,   Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of RAS
Published: April 2021

The deposits of the Norilsk region are confined to the marginal northwestern part of the Siberian platform and are associated with the manifestation of the Early Mesozoic trap volcanism. Sulfide mineralization is concentrated in the intrusive facies of the volcano-intrusive complex. Four main types of Cu-Ni ores are distinguished according to textural features: massive, vein-disseminated, brecciated, and disseminated. The main types of Cu-Ni ores differ significantly from each other in the chemical composition and content of rock- and ore-forming components. The enrichment ratios of ore trace elements in the Oktyabrskaya and Talnakhskaya vein-disseminated ore mainly reach hundreds (S, Pt, Au, Se,Te, Pb, As, Sn, Mo) and thousands (Ni, Cu, Ag, Pd) times. A rather high enrichment of all types of Bi, Re and Cd ores has been revealed, which are potentially industrially significant as high-tech metals, and can be promising for associated mining. The amount of rare-earth elements (REE) in ores is several times less than in the upper crust and more than in the primitive mantle. The concentration of rare earths in the main types of ores, with the exception of massive ones, exceeds the level of the chondrite standard, and REE fractionation is weak. The distribution spectra of chondrite-normalized REEs have a slight negative slope: the total content of light REEs is higher than that of heavy ones. The similarity of the geometry of the REE spectra of massive, vein-disseminated, brecciated and disseminated types of ores containing a significant admixture of host rocks indicates the inheritance of the REE composition in ores from the host rocks. In the disseminated ores of common taxite gabbro-dolerites, the Eu anomaly is present in the Kharaelakhsky (Oktyabrskoye Deposit) and Talnakhsky (Talnakhskoye Deposit) intrusions, it is positive, and in the Norilsk I Intrusive (in the same rocks), it is negative. Higher concentrations of REEs and significant fractionation of light and heavy rare elements are typical for host contact-metamorphic and metasomatic rocks with vein-disseminated (exocontact) ores. For olivine-free hornfels and skarns in brecciated ores, as well as for vein-disseminated ores, significant fractionation of light REEs with relatively heavy ones and a pronounced Eu minimum are characteristic. In massive ores, the distribution of REEs is determined by the composition of xenoliths.
Physical modeling of ice load on extended hydraulic constructions. Sloping constructions with an inclined edge
Authors:   Krylov State Research Centre, Dobrodeev A.A. , Sazonov K.E. ,   Krylov State Research Centre
Published: April 2021

he authors present the results of experimental studies of ice interaction with models of extended hydraulic constructions with a sloping wall carried out in the laboratory “Ice tank” of Krylov State Research Centre. The researchers analyze the possibilities of applying the method of physical modeling to investigate the processes of ice-structure interaction using ice tank. The results make it possible to recommend the method of physical modeling as one of the main approaches for studying the interaction of hydro-technical installations with ice. The data of the model experiment can be used to construct mathematical models of ice breaking mechanism, as well as to clarify the requirements of ragulatory documents.
An Overview of the Importance of Bacterial Elements for Plant Genetic Engineering
Authors:   Center for Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis and Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, NB da Cunha , ML Leite ,   Center for Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis and Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Costa LS de Loiola ,   Center for Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis and Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, VA Cunha ,   Center for Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis and Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, MWF Sena Macedo ,   Center for Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis and Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, SC Dias ,   Center for Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis and Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília
Published: April 2021

Plant genetic engineering is one of the most important aspects of biotechnology applied to plant systems. The stable introduction of exogenous genetic material in plant cells is a determining step for obtaining transgenic plants. In this context, bacteria are crucial for the development of transgenic plants. Gene cloning often involves the use of bacterial plasmids and DNAmodifying enzymes synthesized in genetically modified bacteria. In addition, among the several methods of introducing genes into plants, the method that uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens continues to be used to obtain genetically modified plants for the agricultural, pharmaceutical and materials industry sectors. This minireview aims to present the basic aspects of bacterial elements related gene manipulation for obtaining transgenic plants.
Applications of Cognitive and Social Development Theory in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Case Management
Authors:   Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, USA, JE Williams , B Helsel ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, USA, C Reynolds ,   Edward via School of Osteopathic Medicine, USA, C Dye ,   Clemson University, Institute for Engaged Aging, USA, H Spitler ,   Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, USA, B Nelson ,   Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Center for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, USA, R Eke ,   Department of Health Science, the University of Alabama, USA
Published: April 2021

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed between infancy and late 30s. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study estimated that in 2009 about 18,436 US. Youth were newly diagnosed with T1D. Approximately 70% of these youths were non-Hispanic Whites, 17% were Hispanics, and 11% were non-Hispanic Blacks [1]. T1D is associated with an increased risk for several health problems including cardiovascular diseases [2-4], epilepsy [5], retinopathy [6], and thyroid autoimmunity [7,8]. Studies in Norway found that despite improved diabetes care, mortality remains three to four times higher among those with childhood-onset diabetes compared with the general population [9]. When looking at case management as a whole in regard to diabetes, many problems can be seen with the current management plans and limitations can be seen in the methods used to educate diabetics on their condition. When looking at future paths to take to improve diabetes case management a few can be proposed including evidence-based case management, case management methods that address low health literacy and numeracy and using various phycological behavior theories to see how this adolescent population can be best addressed.
A Computational and Literature-Based Evaluation for a Combination of Chiral Anti-CoV Drugs to Block and Eliminate SARS-CoV-2 Safely
Authors: Suhail Mohd.
Published: April 2021

It has been a great challenge for scientists to develop an anti-covid drug/vaccine with fewer side effects, since the coronavirus began. Of course, the prescription of chiral drugs (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine) has been proved wrong because these chiral drugs neither kill the virus nor eliminate it from the body, but block SARS-CoV-2 from binding to human cells. Another hurdle in front of the world, is not only the positive test of the patient recovered from coronavirus but also the second wave of Covid 19. Hence, the word demands such a drug or drug combination which not only prevents the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in the human cell but also eliminates it or its material from the body completely. The presented computational study explains (i) why the prescription of chiral drugs was not satisfactory (ii) what types of modification can make their prescription satisfactory (iii) the mechanism of action of chiral drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) to block SARS-CoV-2 from binding to human cells, and (iv) the strength of mefloquine to eliminate SARS-CoV-2. As the main protease (Mpro) of microbes is considered as an effective target for drug design and development, the binding affinities of mefloquine with the main proteases (Mpros) of JC virus and SARS-CoV-2, were calculated, and then compared to know the eliminating strength of mefloquine against SARS-CoV-2. The main protease (Mpro) of JC virus was taken because mefloquine has already shown a tremendous result of eliminating it from the body. The current study includes the docking results and literature data in support of the prescription of a combination of S-(+)-hydroxychloroquine and (+) mefloquine. Besides, the presented study also confirms that the prescription of only hydroxychloroquine would not be so effective as in combined form with mefloquine.
Removal of Water-Soluble Inorganic Arsenicals with Phosphorene Oxide Nanoadsorbents: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Cortes-Arriagada Diego , Wrighton-Araneda Kerry
Published: April 2021

A complete picture of the phosphorene oxide (PhosO) sorption properties for the simultaneous removal of inorganic As(III) and As(V) pollutants from water has been developed using first-principles calculations. Calculated adsorption energies, competitive adsorption with co-existing species, energy decomposition analyses (ALMO-EDA), implicitly/explicitly solvated geometries, and adsorption free energies provide deep insights into the adsorption mechanism as well as the origin of the strong selectivity sorption ability. The PhosO nanoadsorbents establish inner-sphere surface complexes with arsenicals even under competition with water molecules. These proposed structures also show a strong affinity with the highly mobile As(III), where energy saving is achieved by avoiding the pre oxidation process to convert As(III) into As(V) as requested in related materials. Results show that electrostatic driving forces govern the adsorption of neutral arsenicals, while the interplay between electrostatic and polarization phenomena drives the uptake of anionic arsenicals. By computing the adsorption strength as a function of the oxidation degree, the optimum adsorption efficiency is reached with a 25% in the content of oxidizing groups. In this oxidation degree, the strong repulsive surface charge at high pH turns the PhosO nanoadsorbents convenient to recycle via simple treatment with alkaline eluents. Finally, the adsorption ability remains thermodynamically allowed in a wide range of ambient temperatures (enthalpically governed reaction). Conceptually understanding the sorption properties of phosphorene-oxide-based materials towards arsenic pollutants provides a useful framework for future water treatment technologies.
Tunability of Interactions Between the Core and Shell in Rattle-Type Particles Studied with Liquid-Cell Electron Microscopy
Authors: Welling Tom , Watanabe Kanako , Grau-Carbonell Albert , de Graaf Joost , Nagao Daisuke , Imhof Arnout , A. van Huis Marijn , Blaaderen Alfons Van
Published: April 2021

Yolk-shell or rattle-type particles consist of a core particle that is free to move inside a thin shell. A stable core with a fully accessible surface is of interest in fields such as catalysis and sensing. However, the stability of a charged nanoparticle core within the cavity of a charged thin shell remains largely unexplored. Liquid-cell (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (LC(S)TEM) is an ideal technique to probe the core-shell interactions at nanometer spatial resolution. Here we show by means of calculations and experiments that these interactions are highly tunable. We found that in dilute solutions adding a monovalent salt led to stronger confinement of the core to the middle of the geometry. In deionized water the Debye length becomes comparable to the shell radius Rshell, leading to a less steep electric potential gradient and a reduced core-shell interaction, which can be detrimental to the stability of nanorattles. For a salt concentration range of 0.5-250mM the repulsion was relatively long-ranged due to the concave geometry of the shell. At salt concentrations of 100 and 250mM the core was found to move almost exclusively near the shell wall, which can be due to hydrodynamics, a secondary minimum in the interaction potential or a combination of both. The possibility of imaging nanoparticles inside shells at high spatial resolution with liquid-cell electron microscopy makes rattle particles a powerful experimental model system to learn about nanoparticle interactions. Additionally, our results highlight the possibilities for manipulating the interactions between core and shell that could be used in future applications.
Radiative Contributions Dominate Plasmon Broadening for Post-Transition Metals in the Ultraviolet
Authors: Fonseca Guzman Maria , Ross Michael
Published: April 2021

We use classical electrodynamics calculations to investigate the plasmonic properties of the post-transition metals Al, Bi, Ga, In, and Sn active in the ultraviolet, focusing in particular on the material- and resonance-dependent origins of plasmon broadening. Analytic Mie theory, the modified-long wavelength approximation, and the quasistatic dipole approximation together show that radiative processes dominate plasmon dephasing and damping in small (5-25 nm radius) Al, Bi, Ga, In, and Sn spheres. For Al, Ga, In, and Sn, the radiative contribution (~0.1–0.2 eV) to the plasmon linewidth is 10-fold greater than the non-radiative contribution (0.001–0.02 eV) from the bulk dielectric function. This is significantly different than what is observed for Ag spheres, where non-radiative contributions (~0.1 eV) are the primary source of broadening up to a radius of 25 nm. Overall, these data suggest that the plasmonic properties, dephasing, and lifetimes for Al, Ga, In, and Sn —and to a lesser extent Bi— spheres are qualitatively similar. These observations have important implications for the use of these metals for ultraviolet plasmonics. The increased importance of radiative damping and dephasing processes for post-transition metals could influence the ability to harvest photons, generate hot carriers, and enhance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet while providing new opportunities for manipulating high-energy photons.
A Boron-Transfer Mechanism Mediating the Thermally Induced Revival of Frustrated Carbene−Borane Pairs from their Shelf-Stable Adducts
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Sakuraba Mahiro , Kinoshita Takuya , Ohbo Masaki , Ratanasak Manussada , Hasegawa Jun-ya , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: April 2021

Combined experimental and theoretical studies allowed clarifying the reaction mechanism for the revival of frustrated carbene−borane pairs from external-stimuli-responsive classical Lewis adducts comprised of N-phosphine oxide-substituted imidazolylidenes and triarylboranes. A borane-transfer process from the carbene carbon atom to the N-phosphinoyl oxygen atom was identified as the rate-determining event for the regeneration of the FLP species, eventually enabling the heterolytic cleavage of H2.
MORPHOLOGICAL DEVIATIONS PRODUCED BY INDONESIAN ADOLESCENT DYSLEXIC READERS
Authors: Kirana Angkita Wasito , Syukri Masitha Achmad , Kwary Deny Arnos
Published: April 2021

Even though the major problem of dyslexic readers is in their phonological awareness, morphological complexity of a language might also affect their performance in reading, especially for language with transparent orthography like the Indonesian language. This study aims to find the patterns of morphological deviations produced by Indonesian dyslexic adolescents during a reading activity.  In this study, a set of instrument consisting of 160 words that were chosen based on their morphological complexity is prepared. The words were then combined into 55 sentences which then were asked to be read aloud by the participants. The result of morphological deviations indicated that the deviations occured equally frequent both in inflectional and derivational affixes. Most of the morphological deviation (i.e. 96%) occured in polymorphemic words. In addition, participants tend to simplify the polymorphemic words by omitting the affixes and reading only the root instead. At least 58% of the deviations were affix ommision. This means teachers of dyslexic readers need to provide more training on polymorphemic words, particularly those that have affixes.
CONTRASTING MARKED AND UNMARKED QUESTIONS: A CASE OF SIHS IN INDONESIAN
Authors: Mutiara Rika
Published: April 2021

Discourse marker sih is a common feature of questions in colloquial Indonesian.  The results of previous research show a contrast function of sihs in questions. The questions in which sihs occur are called marked questions. The present study explored the functions of sihs by contrasting marked and unmarked questions produced by the same speakers. The marked questions can occur before the unmarked questions or in reverse order. In both patterns, the marked questions indicate speakers’ great willingness to know. They also show speakers’ way to attract hearers’ attention. The unmarked questions were used when the speakers elicit more accurate and precious answers. Moreover, they were uttered when the hearers do not catch the idea mentioned in the first question. They were uttered because the hearers’ ask for repetition.