bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Musculoskeletal Regeneration
Authors: Li Wan-Ju
Published: January 2020

Stem cell therapies hold promise for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult tissues are the most common type of stem cells being investigated for biomedical applications among all stem cell types. However, studies have shown that MSC properties and functions are largely affected by age and health condition of the donor, which often causes inconsistency in therapeutic outcomes. This is a critical challenge that needs to be addressed before the promise of stem cells for therapies can be fulfilled. Our group has worked on tackling the challenge for more than a decade by developing strategies such as priming the cell with regulatory molecules or hypoxia culture. Recently, we successfully reprogramed human and pig somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using the integration-free episomal method and subsequently derived MSCs from iPSCs for evaluation of potential orthopedic applications. Our study results showed that through cellular reprogramming the capacity of cell propagation and multilineage differentiation of MSCs was greatly enhanced and the expression of aging-associated markers in the cell was significantly downregulated, suggesting that cellular reprogramming can rejuvenate MSCs to increase the regenerative capability, and our approach converting MSCs into iPSCs is promising for addressing the challenge of reduced therapeutic potential associated with MSC aging. In addition, we found that during chondrogenic induction reprogramed MSCs increasingly differentiated into hyaline chondrocytes expressing cartilage-specific markers, compared to control parental cells, suggesting that iPSC-derived MSCs are promising therapeutic agents for articular cartilage regeneration. In general, our findings highlight the potential of iPSCs in better understanding aging-associated musculoskeletal disorders and providing biological options for the treatment.
Hot Topics in Surgical Management of Acute Diverticulitiss
Authors: Binda Gian Andrea , Papa Alfredo , Persiani Roberto , Escalante Ricardo , De Oliveira Enio Chavez , Crucitti Antonio , Mazzari Andrea , Biondi Alberto , Papagrigoriadis Savvas
Published: January 2020

In this session different issues for the surgical management of diverticular disease DD) were considered. The first session debated about the antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD), and supports their use selectively rather than routinely in patients with AUD. The second session discussed the best surgical treatment for those patients. Open approach is a valid choice especially in acute setting, while the laparoscopic approach should be individualised according to the level of skills of the surgeon and the risk factors of the patient (such as obesity and state of health at the time of the operation). The third session debated about the peritoneal lavage and drainage, which is still a safe surgical procedure. However, it requires longer follow-up and results of other trials to draw an adequate conclusion. The last session covers the current surgical certainties in managing complicated DD: 1. urgent colectomy has higher mortality in immune-compromised patients, while in elective surgery is comparable with other populations; 2. laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) should be the choice in young/fit patients; 3. elective resection is safer in an inflammation free interval; 4. laparoscopic resection shows advantages in several outcomes (such as post-operative morbidity and lower stoma and re-operation rate); 5. in Hinchey III/fecal peritonitis, primary sigmoid resection and anastomosis (open or laparoscopic) could be proposed in young/ fit patient; 6. in case of emergency surgery, Hartmann procedure (open or laparoscopic) must be considered in critically ill/unstable patient.
The Importance of Material Status for Electoral Chances and Perception of Politician: Delegitimization of Wealth as Post-transition Specificity?
Authors: ŚWIĄTEK IWONA , ŻEMOJTEL-PIOTROWSKA MAGDALENA , PIOTROWSKI JAROSŁAW
Published: January 2020

In presented research the impact of a politician’s economic status on his/her assessment and electoral chances was tested. In study 1 (N= 90) a politician with a high status was as-sessed as less moral and more competent than a low-status politician. In study 2 (N = 120) participants from Ireland and Poland were compared. Irish participants assessed a low--status politician as more moral and competent than the high-status one, whereas Polish participants assessed a high-status politician as more competent than the low-status one. Polish subjects generally assessed politicians’ morality lower than the Irish. The results sug-gest higher legitimization of wealth among Polish participants than the Irish, contrary to predictions. These results are discussed in reference to the system justification theory (Jost, Banaji, & Nosek, 2004) and legitimating myths (Jost, & Kay, 2003)
Keterampilan Menyimak pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Bercerita
Authors: Mianawati Rena , Hayati Tuti , Kurnia Aam
Published: January 2020

Preliminary observations were made on children in B1 RA Persis 250 Cihamerang group that children's language development was not optimal. This proved that there were still obstacles for children who were not able to have listening skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the listening skills of children before and after the storytelling method was applied, and the application of the storytelling method to improve listening skills. The method used is Class Action Research (CAR) which consists of two cycles. PTK methods include: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The data collection techniques used are observation, performance, and documentation. The results showed that the listening skills of children before the method of telling stories were obtained with 32.29 with very few categories, while after applying the method of telling stories to cyclic I obtained a value of 52.71 with a less category, the second cycle obtained a score of 78.44 with a good category. The application of the storytelling method to improve listening skills to teacher activities in the first cycle was obtained an average of 71.88% with sufficient criteria, and in the second cycle obtained an average value of 90.63% with very good criteria. Similarly, the results of the analysis of children's activities in the first cycle obtained an average value of 61.88% with sufficient criteria, and in the second cycle obtained an average value of 77.88% with good criteria. Thus the proposed hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the storytelling method can improve children's listening skills.
ESTIMASI POTENSI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus homarus) DI PERAIRAN PRIGI KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK
Authors: Nurfiarini Amula , Wijaya Danu
Published: January 2020

Spiny lobster atau dikenal dengan sebutan udang karang merupakan komoditas perikanan unggulan yang pemanfaatannya cukup intensif di Teluk Prigi, Kabupaten Trenggalek. Sejauh ini informasi mengenai status stok sebagai dasar pengelolaannya masih sangat terbatas. Salah satu pendekatan untuk menduga status stok yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan penandaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi sumberdaya lobster pasir dan dinamika pemanfaatanya di Perairan Prigi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan tandai-lepas-tangkap kembali (Capture-Mark-Recapture/CMR), sedangkan analisis potensi lobster mengacu pada Petersen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perikanan lobster termasuk kategori perikanan artisanal (small scale fisheries) yang dijalankan paruh waktu dan dilakukan secara one day fishing. Alat tangkap yang digunakan meliputi; jaring insang (gillnet), krendet (trap net) dan bubu (trap net). Penyebaran lokasi penangkapan di sepanjang tebing pantai berkarang di pesisir Teluk Prigi. Musim puncak penangkapan terjadi pada bulan Oktober-Maret. Karakteristik hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan masih didominasi oleh ukuran larang tangkap yakni mempunyai panjang karapas < 8 cm atau pada kisaran bobot 200-300 g per ekor yang mana proporsi ini mencapai 84,79% dari total tangkapan. Potensi Lobster Pasir di Teluk Prigi adalah 1,19 ton/th dengan tingkat pemanfaatannya baru sekitar 44,53 %. Spiny lobster is a superior fishery commodity that is utilized quite intensively in Prigi, Trenggalek Regency. However information about the status of stocks as a basis for management is still very limited. One approach to estimating stock status that can be done is by marking. This study aims to determine the potential of spiny lobster resources from type of sand lobster, and the dynamics of its utilization in the Prigi Bay waters. The research method uses the Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) approach, while the analysis of lobster stock potential refers to Petersen. The results showed that lobster fisheries were categorized as artisanal fisheries (small scale fisheries) which were run part-time and carried out one day fishing. The fishing gear used includes; net (gillnet), trap net is called as krendet and bubu. Distribution of fishing location along the rugged coastal cliffs on the coast of Prigi waters. The peak for catching season occurs in October-March. The characteristics of the landed catches are still dominated by the no-take size carapace length <8 cm or in the weight range of 200-300 g per tail which reaches 84,79% of the total catch. Sand Lobster Potential in Prigi is 1.19 tons per year with a new utilization rate of around 44,53%.
To the Discussion About the Cause of the Scythia Fall
Authors: Skripkin Anatoliy
Published: January 2020

For many years causes of the fall of Scythia have been a subject to a great deal of scientific scrutiny. The topic is still debatable. The author has recently published several papers, which justify Sarmatians’ involvement in the fall of Scythia in the late 4th and early 3rd centuries BC based on the written and archaeological evidence. Previously, the concept has also been supported by other researchers. These days, however, there are studies in favor of alternative versions claiming Sarmatians’ innocence in the events leading to the fall of Scythia. The main ideas of the studies boil down to the statement of no evidence of Sarmatians from the 3rd century BC being found not only in the North Pontic region but also to the east from the Don river. In the light of the statement, they implement the idea that Sarmatians’ appearance in the Eastern European steppes dates back to the time not earlier than the 2nd century BC. In the article, the author, given the anthropological and archaeological datasets, confirms the Sarmatians’ continuous presence in the Volga-Urals region without any chronological gaps between the 4th and the 1st century BC. The idea of the stage-by-stage settlement of the eastern nomads in the Volga-Don region and the North Pontic region is suggested. In the first stage, since the middle of the 4th century BC, the political situation underwent some destabilization processes due to the appearance of Sarmatians in the Lower Don region. The second stage is characterized by Sarmatians attacking Scythia in the first half of the 3rd century BC. For most of the 3rd century BC, Sarmatians’ main habitat was located to the east of the Don river. From there they conducted raids on the territory of the Northern part of the Black Sea region to plunder or collect the tribute. This concept is also supported by linguists’ new interpretations of written sources.
Bracelet from Salamatino: Problem of Identifying Zoomorphic Images
Authors: Korolkova Elena
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of zoomorphic images on a spiral gold bracelet from the Sarmatian burial of the 1st century AD in Salamatino village in Volgograd region, as well as the problem of interpreting the image of a fantastic animal on the bracelet ends. The stylistic and technological peculiarities of the jewelry can serve as indicators of cultural identity of the subject. The bracelet is made, most likely, by a barbarian craftsman modeled after some kind of non-locally made jewelry. The closest dupe in compositional and pictorial characteristics to the incomprehensible animal on the ends of the Salamatino bracelet is a fantastic creature on the pair of bracelets from the Oxus Treasure (British Museum), stylistically different from the images of Iranian art of the Achaemenid era. The origin of this pair of bracelets is unknown, however, some stylistic features allow for non-exclusion of the assumptions of Chinese or Central Asian jewelry production or the existence of certain jewelry workshops in a region affected by the cultural influence of both Iran and China. Another distant analogy in style for the pair of bracelets from the Oxus Treasure is represented by images of predatory animals on gold torcs from the Stavropol treasure. The chronological gap between the Salamatino bracelet and the jewelry from the Oxus and Stavropol treasures does not allow one to link them unequivocally, but the similarity features certainly indicate the presence of common cultural roots. Identifying a fantastic hybrid animal on the ends of the Salamatino bracelet as any specific mythological creature is not yet possible.
Helmet of the “Kuban” Type from Kelermes Burial Ground (Excavated in 1993)
Authors: Alekseev Andrey
Published: January 2020

The “Kuban” type helmet was found in the “Meotian” grave of small kurgan 15 (with the main and primary grave of the Bronze Age) in 1993 by the Kelermes archaeological expedition of the State Hermitage Museum. It is an object included in one of the components of the so-called “Scythian triad” and relates to the 7th – 6th centuries BC. The helmet has a shape that is close to hemispherical, it is corroded and in the front part it has superciliaryarcuate cuts, forming a small nose triangular plate, and a rectangular cutout in the back. On the edge of the helmet, there are 10 holes for fastening or lining of the helmet or leather earflaps. The helmet was cast on a wax model with a loss of a mould, and made of good tin bronze (Cu – base, Sn – 7–8%, As – 0.4%, Pb – 0.4%, Fe < 0.4%, Sb – traces), like many other items of this category of weapons. Regarding the origin of the “Kuban” type helmets, many of which are irregular finds, there are three versions of the origin of such helmets, which can be called the North Caucasian one, the Near Eastern one, and the Central Asiatic–North Chinese one. In the 1980s, a summary of such helmets, compiled by L.K. Galanina, consisted of 16 copies. Currently, it can be increased due to several new finds that have become known in recent decades, the area of which covers the territory of Eurasia from Mongolia to the Dnieper-river forest-steppe region. This allows to link their origin to the territory of Central Asia and North China more confidently, and typologically connect them with bronze helmets of the Western Zhou dating to the 11th – 8th centuries BC.
Hunting of Steppe Nomads of the Pontic Region in the Early Iron Age
Authors: Lukyashko Sergey
Published: January 2020

Hunting is the oldest kind of human activity preserving traditional forms due to its conservatism. Paleozoologists working in the Northern Black Sea region determined the objects of hunting according to the data obtained from Greek settlements. These are mainly hoofed animals such as deer, roe deer, saigas, and wild boars, and fur animals including hares, foxes, beavers, as well as a variety of birds. According to paleozoological data, hunting was elitist. Unfortunately, it was not taken into account that inhabitants of the settlements hunted in the steppes of foreign lands, and delivered not carcasses of killed animals, but skins and meat. Therefore, skeletal remains cannot objectively reflect the proportions of distribution of hunting objects. Studying ancient texts and toreutics allows us to establish that in the Scythian nomadic world there were such types of hunting as raid, driven hunting, hunting with hounds. It is reasonable to assume that Scythians also utilized hunting birds as their hunting method, as images of hunting birds are widespread among nomads. In the settlements, there can be found skeletal remains of the following hunting birds: saker falcons, golden eagles, gyrfalcons, hawks, etc. Frequent occurrence of their images in the Scythian art and a single case of a saker falcon buried in a male burial of Elizabeth’s burial ground can serve as a vivid example of hunting bird exploitation. Nomads, in particular, could be suppliers of wild animal meat to the settlement and city markets. Inhabitants’ independent hunting in steppes was of extraordinary characteristic. Inhabitants of the settlements could probably hunt outside the fortifications only after the agreement with local nomads.
Demographic Potential of Coastal Regions of the Don and Kuban – Vectors and Factors of Their Numerous Dynamics (Last Third of the 19th – Early 21st Centuries)
Authors: Suschiy Sergey
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article is to research the main factors and progress rates of demographic dynamics of the coastline territories of the Don and Kuban regions. The article analyses the dynamics of the settlement network and the population of the Lower Don sea coastline, Azov and Black Sea regions of the Kuban in the Imperial, Soviet and Post-Soviet periods. The research indicates that the outrunning population growth in the coastline territories of the Don and Kuban remained a steady trend over the past 130–150 years. However, within the Kuban region this growth was common only for the Black Sea districts and did not extend to the Eastern Azov region. On the Lower Don, not the coastline settlement network itself, but the local capital, 25–30 km away from the sea, with the satellite city of Bataysk and rural areas, was marked by the growth. The central role in the accelerated population growth of the Kuban Black Sea since the Early 20th century has been played by the development of the resort complex. Only at the northern coast (Novorossiysk district) together with the recreation sphere, this growth was assisted by the development of the industry and transport infrastructure. In the Imperial period, trade and transportation of goods were the main factors of the accelerated population growth in the Lower Don. In the Soviet period, the main drivers of the demographic growth of the Rostov agglomeration included industrialization, and in the 1960–1970s, the leading role was played by sociocultural functions of the regional capital. Since the Early Post-Soviet period, the central factor in the demographic dynamics of the Lower Don has become the process of metropolisation of the regional space, associated with an increasing concentration of the human potential within the southwestern urbanized zone of Rostov region.
Strategic Directions of Developing Networking Cooperation in the Service Sector of the Southern Federal District
Authors: Oborin Matvey
Published: January 2020

The goal of this article is to determine the strategic directions for developing networking cooperation in the service sector in order to encourage a sustainable market growth. The sanatorium and spa services are an element of the recreational industry of the Southern Federal District. They form the basis of health tourism in which leading health resorts of the constituent entities (regions) specialize. The article studies the main strategic areas of the regional development. The author identifies the problems and limitations of the development of the service sector associated with low rates of innovation and a differentiated level of the social and economic development of the territories. Only several regions in the district occupy leading positions in the country’s economy while the rest of the regions are depressed areas. The market potential of sanatorium and spa services is not used efficiently taking into account the growing needs of the population in medical and recreational services and the strategic goals of the regional development. The paper studies the indicators of the development of the sanatorium and spa industry of the country and the economic indicators of the Southern Federal District, regional sanatorium and resort institutions. The author identifies the perspective areas of networking cooperation which may affect implementing the district’s innovative development scenario. The basis of the networking cooperation in encouraging the sustainable growth of the market of sanatorium and spa services is presented by the relations with enterprises of linked industries, as well as educational, research and financial spheres. The paper determines the system of measures contributing to the development of the effective networking cooperation in the service market of the Southern Federal District.
Prospects for Developing the National Dairy Product Market of the Republic of Crimea: Prerequisites, Directions, Markers
Authors: Pavlunenko Liliya , Gutnikova Olga , Grigorenko Tatyana
Published: January 2020

Resource and raw materials dependence, together with a high level of competition, create a number of factors constraining the growth of the milk processing branch in the Republic of Crimea. The study aims to identify the prerequisites, directions and markers determining prospects for the development of the regional dairy product market. The authors present the analysis of the resource potential of the milk processing branch, production of main kinds of dairy products by regional enterprises, structures of the brand and kind assortment, as well as consumer performance of dairy products on sale. The researchers study the processes of forming promising directions of the branch growth, define the main kinds of national dairy products and the range available in the regional trade enterprises in the context of kind, trade mark and manufacturers. On the basis of studying the ethnic composition of the population of the Republic and consumer preferences the authors propose a list of national dairy products made of alternative kinds of milk whose production would be expedient to develop in the region. The researchers propose the directions of growth and markers contributing to the formation of consumer loyalty to the range of national dairy products made in the Crimea. Promising directions of developing the milk processing branch in the Republic of Crimea include developing production of national dairy products and laying the groundwork for providing safety of branch products as a whole.
Indicative Monitoring of Implementing Municipal Programs
Authors: Lomovtseva Olga , Mordvintsev Alexander , Dubov Roman
Published: January 2020

The article analyses the relevance and necessity of developing a system of monitoring indicators of municipal programs by local self-government bodies in connection with adopting the Program of the Government of the Russian Federation concerning improving the efficiency of the public municipal finance management. Indicative monitoring of municipal programs is necessary for municipal authorities to adjust both individual indicators and programs in general in a timely manner. This provides an opportunity to manage the effectiveness of programs as well as to match the development goals of social and economic systems at different levels, including national goals. The basis of the indicative approach to the management of municipal programs is the existence of a long-term strategy for the social and economic development of the municipality, as well as a set of economic regulators. The basis of the monitoring is evaluating intermediate indicators of programs (reference points of implementation), monitoring the implementation of programs: final indicators, taking management decisions concerning the adjustment. The article proposes creating and applying a unified standard procedure for assessing the effectiveness of municipal programs, and gives recommendations to local selfgovernment bodies on the use of various methods of assessing the achievement of target indicators. As a result, municipalities will be able to control the use of resources and determine the strengths and weaknesses of their territory, which will allow taking timely and informed management decisions. The authors propose the method of monitoring the indicative indicators of programs. The unified methodology will allow comparing municipal entities of the Russian Federation according to the level of development, identifying and spreading successful practices of implementing municipal programs and their efficiency management. The paper presents the results of testing the methodology using the municipality of Volgograd as an example.
Transformation of the Global Energy Demand
Authors: Taburov Denis
Published: January 2020

The main purpose of the article is to evaluate the role of primary sources of energy in the formation of the global fuel and energy balance. The analysis methodology is based on applying the systematic approach to quantitative indicators allowing to evaluate and identify the main trends in individual primary heat energy markets using the methods of vertical and horizontal analysis, as well as comparative analysis in the retrospective period. The study analyzes the main trends in individual markets of primary energy (coal, natural gas, oil), which forms the basis of the global fuel and energy balance, including regional and country breakdowns; analyzes data on changes in the fuel and energy balance; carries out the assessment of the main trends in the global energy demand, as well as the in-depth analysis of generating clean thermal energy by countries. According to the results of the analysis, global consumption of primary energy increased by 2.2% in 2017, compared with the volumes of consumption in 2016 and was the highest for the period starting in 2013. Consumption of all types of fuel, except for coal and hydropower, also showed high growth rates in 2017. The largest increase in the energy consumption in 2017 was due to the consumption of natural gas, renewable energy and oil. A leading regional consumer of oil, coal, renewable energy and hydropower is Asia, while North America is a leader in terms of consuming nuclear energy and natural gas. Oil remains the dominant fuel in the world, accounting for more than a third of all energy consumed.
Income Redistribution as a Tool to Overcome the Socio-Economic Stratification of Society
Authors: Lavrova Elena , Litvinenko Inna
Published: January 2020

This article addresses the issues regarding the use of the income redistribution mechanism as a tool for mitigating the living standards disparity among citizens. Finding the most effective tools at the level of public policy becomes imperative due to the increasingly higher socio-economic stratification among citizens. Therefore, the author studies the existing approaches to defining “income” and “living standards” terms in order to establish objective reasons for the continued growth of such an asymmetric socio-economic situation, as well as to identify key factors behind widening of such an income gap. The paper identifies the main patterns in the ratio of the studied categories, determines the indicators characterizing the level of income and analyzes the main values of such indicators in terms of the social and market approach. Following this analysis, the authors study all the regulatory metrics used for measuring living standards. These metrics represent an array of socio-economic indicators and minimum social standards funded from the budgets of different levels through the targeted financing of public regulatory obligations against state guarantees. The authors also identify the nature of such metrics and the main mechanisms of their implementation, as well as examine government control tools based on their use, including target programs and mitigatory actions being implemented with regard to socio-economic relations and aimed at improving the quality of life. In order to create conditions for mitigating the social-economic asymmetry, the authors define the “state budget system” term, which also includes social security. The researchers formulate the key public policy development areas, which will be instrumental in overcoming the income disparity among the economically active population.
Regional Aspects of the Transformation of the Institution of Vocational Education
Authors: Biglova Guzel
Published: January 2020

Modern Russian system of vocational education has the following levels of state regulation: institutions of higher education – on the Federal level (licensing and accreditation); institutions of secondary education – on the regional level (regional ministries and departments). Consequently, a region can have significant impact only on the training of mid-level specialists. According to the author, it leads to a bias in regulating the regional economy development. To assess this aspect, the author introduces the denationalization index as an indicator of the transformation of the vocational education system in regions, which resulted in the significant spread in the system of secondary education and very insignificant spread – in the system of higher education. The author also finds that the demand for services of private educational institutions is falling greatly in the field of higher education, and growing in the field of secondary education; over the past 10–12 years a greater confidence in public educational institutions in the field of higher education has been formed regardless to the form and tuition fees; at the institutional level, the ownership structure has been established, and existing relations between university administrations, teaching staff and main consumers of services (individuals) have gained a more expressed systemic nature. The researcher also concludes that there is a significant potential for the devaluation of vocational education. According to the author, the formation of the status of educational institutions as independent subjects in the market economy represents not so much a social infrastructure element as a structural element of the regional economic system resulting in the problem exacerbation associated with the imbalance in the level of development of human capital and technology in regions.
What Do Medical Students Actually Want from Learning Communities? A Comprehensive Needs Assessment
Authors: Clemmons Karina Renee , Tariq Sara Ghori , Graham James , Mizell Jason Scott , Glass-Hicks Annlee Taylor , Thapa Purushottam Bhadra
Published: January 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Purpose: The demanding nature of medical education has been well-described. Learning Communities (LCs) have been formed in a number of medical schools to address unmet needs such as wellness, social support, and academic/career counseling. However, there is limited information regarding the student perspective in shaping LC goals and activities. This study examined that perspective using a needs assessment survey. Methods: A formal needs assessment survey was completed by 510 medical students. The survey included 16 Likert-scale items and one open response item. Topics focused on student well-being, career planning, meaningful professional relationships, and academic success. Results: As expected, residency success and academic performance were the domains ranked as most important. Of note, the domain of wellness was ranked as less important overall. Results also varied by medical school year and gender. Conclusion: Formal assessment of student needs can serve as a guide to the development of LC programming, hopefully increasing student engagement.
Injured Podocytes Are Sensitized to Angiotensin II–Induced Calcium Signaling
Authors: Binz-Lotter Julia , Jüngst Christian , Rinschen Markus M. , Koehler Sybille , Zentis Peter , Schauss Astrid , Schermer Bernhard , Benzing Thomas , Hackl Matthias J.
Published: January 2020

Significance Statement

Although the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) on glomerular perfusion pressure are well characterized, the relevance of AngII signaling in podocytes remains elusive. The authors’ in vivo study demonstrates that AngII elicits only a limited calcium response in podocytes in healthy mice. In contrast, in mice subjected to chemical injury or genetic deletion of the podocin-encoding gene Nphs2, the resultant podocyte damage and proteinuria rendered podocytes responsive to pronounced AngII-induced calcium transients. These findings may explain clinical trial results in humans that demonstrated beneficial renal effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in proteinuric patients, but not in patients with nonproteinuric kidney disease. This study also underscores the importance of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in patients with podocyte damage and proteinuria.

Background

Inhibition of angiotensin II (AngII) signaling, a therapeutic mainstay of glomerular kidney diseases, is thought to act primarily through regulating glomerular blood flow and reducing filtration pressure. Although extravascular actions of AngII have been suggested, a direct effect of AngII on podocytes has not been demonstrated in vivo.

Methods

To study the effects of AngII on podocyte calcium levels in vivo, we used intravital microscopy of the kidney in mice expressing the calcium indicator protein GCaMP3.

Results

In healthy animals, podocytes displayed limited responsiveness to AngII stimulation. In contrast, in animals subjected to either adriamycin-induced acute chemical injury or genetic deletion of the podocin-encoding gene Nphs2, the consequent podocyte damage and proteinuria rendered the cells responsive to AngII and resulted in AngII-induced calcium transients in significantly more podocytes. The angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker losartan could fully inhibit this response. Also, responsiveness to AngII was at least partly mediated through the transient receptor potential channel 6, which has been implicated in podocyte calcium handling. Interestingly, loss of a single Nphs2 allele also increased podocytes’ responsiveness to AngII signaling. This direct effect of AngII on injured podocytes results in increased calcium transients, which can further aggravate the underlying kidney disease.

Conclusions

Our discovery that podocytes become sensitized to AngII-induced calcium signaling upon injury might explain results from large, randomized, controlled trials in which improved renal outcomes occur only in the subgroup of patients with proteinuria, indicating podocyte damage. Our findings also emphasize the need to treat every patient with a glomerular disease with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker.
PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN PELAT ELEMEN BAKAR U-7Mo-xSi/Al DALAM UKURAN MINI
Authors: Supardjo Supardjo , Kadarjono Agoeng , Isfandi Isfandi , Susanto Yatno Dwi Agus , Permana Setia , Guswardani Guswardani
Published: January 2020

PERCOBAAN PEMBUATAN PELAT ELEMEN BAKAR U-7Mo-xSi/Al DALAM UKURAN MINI. Penelitian pembuatan pelat elemen bakar mini U-7Mo-xSi/Al dalam rangka pengembangan bahan bakar dispersi densitas uranium tinggi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan parameter proses yang tepat sehingga diperoleh produk pelat elemen bakar mini U-7Mo-xSi/Al yang memenuhi spesifikasi. Alur proses dimulai dari pembuatan paduan U-7Mo-xSi (x= 1%, 2%, dan 3%) menggunakan uranium deplesi dan dilanjutkan pembuatan serbuk U-7Mo-xSi, inti elemen bakar U-7Mo-xSi/Al, dan pelat elemen bakar U-7Mo-xSi/Al. Untuk mengetahui kualitas maka selama proses berlangsung diikuti analisis/pengujian yang meliputi bahan baku, dan produk dari setiap akhir tahapan proses dengan jenis uji sesuai yang diterapkan pada proses pembuatan bahan bakar tipe pelat. Produk ingot paduan U-7Mo-xSi, serbuk U-7Mo-xSi, dan IEB U-7Mo-xSi/Al cukup baik dan memenuhi spesifikasi sehingga hal ini menunjukkan bahwa parameter proses yang diterapkan sudah sesuai, namun untuk pelat elemen bakar yang dihasilkan belum memenuhi persyaratan terutama ketebalan kelongsongnya masih terdapat beberapa titik pengukuran yang ketebalannya <0,25 mm. Untuk mendapatkan ketebalan kelongsong sebagamana yang dipersyaratakan tersebut perlu dilakukan pengulangan dengan mencoba parameter pengerolan yang lain atau mengganti material kelongsong yang memiliki kekerasan yang lebih tinggi. Kata kunci: Bahan bakar paduan U-7Mo-xSi, densitas uranium tinggi, reaktor riset.
STS Currents against the “Anti-Science” Tide
Authors: Kinchy Abby J.
Published: January 2020

This essay considers some possible relationships that STS scholars can have with activists who are resisting attacks on environmental science. STS scholars can document the counter-currents to the “anti-science” moment, work in partnership with activists outside of academia, use access to institutional resources to give environmental movements strength, use STS research to help activists better understand the policy process and the history of science funding, and help people to develop a sociological imagination about science and the environment.
Learning in Crisis: Training Students to Monitor and Address Irresponsible Knowledge Construction by US Federal Agencies under Trump
Authors: Tirrell Chris , Senier Laura , Wylie Sara Ann , Alder Cole , Poudrier Grace , DiValli Jesse , Beck Marcy , Nost Eric , Brackett Rob , Gehrke Gretchen
Published: January 2020

Immediately after President Trump’s inauguration, US federal science agencies began deleting information about climate change from their websites, triggering alarm among scientists, environmental activists, and journalists about the administration’s attempt to suppress information about climate change and promulgate climate denialism.  The Environmental Data & Governance Initiative (EDGI) was founded in late 2016 to build a multidisciplinary collaboration of scholars and volunteers who could monitor the Trump administration’s dismantling of environmental regulations and science deemed harmful to its industrial and ideological interests.  One of EDGI’s main initiatives has been training activists and volunteers to monitor federal agency websites to identify how the climate-denialist ideology is affecting public debate and science policy.  In this paper, we explain how EDGI’s web-monitoring protocols are being incorporated into college curricula and how, in this way, EDGI’s work aligns with STS work on “critical making” and “making and doing.” EDGI’s work shows how STS scholars can establish new modes of engagement with the state that demand a more transparent and trustworthy relationship with the public, creating spaces where the public can define and demand responsible knowledge practices and participate in the process of creating STS inspired forms of careful, collective, and public knowledge construction.
Science and Democracy Reconsidered
Authors: Harris Joseph
Published: January 2020

To what extent is the normative commitment of STS to the democratization of science a product of the democratic contexts where it is most often produced? STS scholars have historically offered a powerful critical lens through which to understand the social construction of science, and seminal contributions in this area have outlined ways in which citizens have improved both the conduct of science and its outcomes. Yet, with few exceptions, it remains that most STS scholarship has eschewed study of more problematic cases of public engagement of science in rich, supposedly mature Western democracies, as well as examination of science-making in poorer, sometimes non-democratic contexts. How might research on problematic cases and dissimilar political contexts traditionally neglected by STS scholars push the field forward in new ways? This paper responds to themes that came out of papers from two Eastern Sociological Society Presidential Panels on Science and Technology Studies in an Era of Anti-Science. It considers implications of the normative commitment by sociologists working in the STS tradition to the democratization of science.
Yetenek Yönetimi Uygulamaları Ölçeği Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: DURAN Cengiz , BOZ Dursun , BEHDİOĞLU Sema , KUTLU Songül
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yetenek yönetimi uygulamaları konusunda kapsayıcı bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Taslak ölçeğin geliştirilmesinde ilgili literatür incelenip 64 ifade ile madde havuzu oluşturulmuş-tur. İlk pilot uygulama 4 işletmedeki 200 çalışan ile yapılmıştır. Teorik olarak faktörleşmeyen ve faktör yükleri düşük ifadeler (9,10,14,17,19,27,29,55,58 ve 59) çıkarılarak 54 ifade ile 500 çalışana uygulanmıştır. İkinci pilot çalışmada teorik olarak faktör-leşmeyen ve faktör yükleri düşük ifadeler (1,11,18,28 ve 57) çıkartılmıştır. Nihai ölçek elde edilen 49 ifade ile 1182 çalışana uygulanmıştır. Bulgularla Yetenek Yönetimi Uygulamaları ölçeğinin 7 faktörlü yapısının “1.Ödüllendirme”, “2.Elde Tutma”, “3.Eğitim”, “4.Elde Tutma ve Bağlılık”, “5.Cezbetme”, “6.Yetenek Havuzu” ve “7.Seçme-Yerleştirme” olarak adlandırılması uygun bulunmuştur. Keşfedici faktör analizinin ardından Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılan ölçeğin Cronbach’s Alpha katsayısı 0,958 olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Tesis Atama Problemlerinde Mekansal ve İçsel Etkinlikler: Çok Amaçlı Tesis Atama (TAP/SDEA) Modeli
Authors: KAYA Tekiner
Published: January 2020

Stratejik olarak tesis yerleşim kararları, karar sürecinde içsel ve çevresel pek çok değişkeni gözönünde bulundurması durumunda başarılı çıktılar üretebilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, bir otomotiv üreticisinin, üretmeyi planladığı yeni bir modelini (Model A) hangi ülkedeki/ülkelerdeki mevcut tesisin-de/tesislerinde üretmesinin daha rasyonel olacağı kararı ele alınmıştır. Karar sürecinde, arz talep noktaları arası taşıma maliyetleri, talep miktarları ve yeni araç için yapılması gereken yatırım maliyetleri değişkenleri yanında, alternatif mevcut üretim tesisleri etkinlikleri de göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Çok amaçlı tesis atama/eşzamanlı veri zarflama analizi (TAP/EVZA) modeli ile elde edilen çözüm ve bulgular, tesis atama problemlerinde tesis iç dinamiklerinin de modele dahil edilmesinin, çözüm üzerinde belirgin bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir.
Türkiye’de Döviz Kuru Geçişkenliğinin Asimetrik Analizi
Authors: ÖZATA Erkan
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada 2010 yılının birinci çeyreği ile 2018 yılının ikinci çeyreği arası dönemde Türkiye’de döviz kurundan tüketici fiyatlarına geçişkenlik incelenmektedir. Doğrusal olmayan otoregresif dağıtılmış gecikme (NARDL) modeli tahmin sonuçlarına göre döviz kurundaki artışın tüketici fiyatları üzerindeki etkisi, döviz kurundaki azalışın etkisinden daha fazladır. Bu sonuç zayıf piyasa rekabeti ve aşağı yönlü fiyat katılıklarının bir işareti olarak yorumla-nabilir. Döviz kurundaki %1 lik artış uzun dönemde tüketici fiyatlarını %0,7 arttırmaktadır. Bunda yüksek oranda ithal girdi kullanan üretim yapısının payı çok büyüktür. Simetri testinin sonuçlarına göre döviz kurunun etkileri kısa dönemde simetrik iken uzun dönemde asimetrik etkiler belirgin şekilde görülmek-tedir. Enflasyon üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerden bir tanesi de firmaların fiyatlama davranışlarıdır. Analiz sonuçları Türkiye’de uzun dönemde fiyatlamanın üretici para birimine (PCP) göre yapıldığını göstermektedir.
Türk Milliyetçiliğinde Antisemitizm: Hüseyin Nihal Atsız Yazıları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞI Yusuf Ziya
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, Türk milliyetçiliğinin en önemli kalemlerinden biri olan Hüseyin Nihal Atsız’ın yazılarındaki antisemitist öğeler incelenmek istenmektedir. Atsız’ın yazılarında işlediği antisemitist öğelerdeki temel saik nedir? sorusu etrafında mevcut çalışma şekillenmektedir. Bu minvalde mevcut çalışmanın metodolojik çerçevesini eleştirel söylem analizi tekniği oluşturmakta, Atsız’ın eserlerinde yer verdiği, Yahudi, Mason, Sabetayist ve İsrail kavramlarını işleyiş biçimi tema analizi vasıtasıyla irdelenmektedir. Atsız’ın yazılarındaki antisemtizmin ideolojik-ırki bir nitelik taşıdığı görülmektedir. Yahudilik ve Yahudiliğe ilişkin kimlik ve ideolojiler –Mason, Sabetayist, Siyonizm ve Komünizm- düşman ve öteki olarak kodlanmaktadır. Ancak Atsız, milli ülkü çerçevesinde Yahudileri takdir etmeyi ihmal etmemektedir. İsrail örneği üzerinden Turancılığı meşrulaştırmasına rağmen Atsız, İsrail’i büyük bir tehlike olarak görmektedir.
Professional Competences of Physical Education Teachers: Structural and Component Analysis
Authors: Yanova Marina G. , Yanov Vladimir V. , Kravchenko Sergey V. , Vetrova Irina V.
Published: January 2020

The article reveals the essence of the competency-based method in education and understanding of competence in general. The article examines the features of professional competence in general and professional competences of physical education teachers in particular. The component structure and the structure of professional competence of PE teachers is studied. The conditions (objective and subjective, external and internal) of the formation of professional competences of PE teachers are disclosed
La ventana al futuro: despidiéndose de los diccionarios para abrazar la lexicografía
Authors: Tarp Sven
Published: January 2020

Esta contribución discute la situación actual de la lexicografía describiéndola como una crisis de identidad que se debe a un modelo de negocios obsoleto. En su lugar, propone un nuevo modelo de financiación que se apoya en las nuevas tecnologías y una visión diferente de la misma esencia de la lexicografía como disciplina. La visión es subir en la cadena de valor integrando los datos lexicográficos en herramientas, servicios y plataformas de alta tecnología. A modo de ejemplo, el artículo discute la materialización de esta idea en un asistente de escritura publicado en 2019 que todavía se encuentra en plena fase de desarrollo. Al final, y para comprobar el uso y funcionamiento de esta herramienta, se recomienda un método diferente a los que tradicionalmente se aplican para estudiar el uso de diccionarios.
Tratamiento de las definiciones de los conectores discursivos en la lexicografía didáctica cubana. El caso del Diccionario básico escolar
Authors: Linares Terry Kelly
Published: January 2020

El interés que despiertan los marcadores del discurso (MD) dentro del proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de lenguas; el escaso análisis de su tratamiento en los diccionarios escolares hispanoamericanos y la carencia de investigaciones lexicográficas sobre MD en Cuba han motivado la realización de la presente investigación que tiene como objetivo principal examinar los tipos definicionales empleados para un grupo de MD, los conectores, en un diccionario escolar cubano.  En él se repasan las características semántico-pragmáticas, señaladas por autores de referencia como Portolés Lázaro, Martín Zorraquino, Fuentes Rodríguez, Montolío Durán, de cada conector registrado en el diccionario con la finalidad de valorar si se incluyen o no en las definiciones objeto de análisis. Además, se evalúa en qué medida se ajusta el tratamiento de los conectores al desiderátum teórico de que como unidades léxicas con significado de procesamiento sus definiciones han de ser funcionales o explicativas.