bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Regret and Regret Reversing Effort on Dissatisfaction and Repurchase Intention after Purchasing Fashion Products
Authors: Durmaz Yakup , Demirağ Bülent , Çavuşoğlu Sinan
Published: March 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of post-purchase regret felt by consumers buying fashion products and their efforts to reverse their regrets, on dissatisfaction and their repurchase intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of this research consists of the consumers in Gaziantep who buy fashion products and regret their purchase for any reason. Out Of non-probability sample methods, convenience sampling was used. Thinking that this can represent the population of the study, the sample number was determined as 441. In order to test the hypotheses, Smart PLS 3 (Partial Least Squares) statistics programme was used. Bootstrapping technique was used to test the hypotheses intended to be measured in the study. Findings: The tests show that regret positively affect dissatisfaction (ß=,544, p<0,001) and the effort to reverse the feeling of regret. In addition, regret negatively affect repurchase intentions. Another variable, dissatisfaction negatively affect re-purchasing intention and regret reversing efforts positively affect re-purchasing intentions. Research limitations: Because the study is restricted by time, cost, accessibility, control difficulties; the whole of the population was not reached. The study is conducted with the data obtained from 441 consumers in Gaziantep and evaluations made by consumers who prefer ready-made wear. Practical implications: The results show that regret experienced in the past negatively affect re-purchasing process. It has been determined that the consumers can diminish their regret when they try to reverse it and this situation strengthens their re-purchasing intentions. Hence, it is thought to be beneficial to ensure that consumers are aware of their regrets and to focus on strategies that help enterprises to reverse this regret. Originality/value: Even though there are studies that associate regret with dissatisfaction and repurchase intentions, there are very few studies that focus on regret reversing efforts. There is no such study in local literature. Therefore, this study is original in these aspects and it is thought that it will contribute to the body of literature.
Educating a Human Resources Accounting Model in the Maskan Bank Branches of Shiraz
Authors: Baghadam Ghazanfar , Sayadi Saeed , Tavakoli Hamdolla Manzari , Salajegheh Sanjar , Sheykhi Ayob
Published: March 2020

The aim of the present study is to Educate a human resources accounting model in the branches of Maskan Bank of Shiraz. The research population to test the model included 30 experts. The opinions of 200 managers, deputies, and head of the headquarters, deputy of the headquarters, bank officials and experts of the branches were used to measure variables in branches of Maskan Bank in Shiraz. This research is a descriptive research conducted by using survey method. It is also a developmental-applied research in terms of objective. A combination of library and field studies was also used to collect the data. The data collection tool to measure non-monetary valuation was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Monetary valuation was done using the information obtained from human resources development management of Fars Province Maskan Bank. Data were analyzed by SPSS24 software and Excel software. The research results confirmed the proposed model and showed that non-monetary valuation components used in this study included supply cost, health services cost, welfare cost, sports club cost, holding training course cost, salaries, overtime, appointment cost, and selection cost. Non-monetary valuation in this study also includes motivation and reward, commitment and loyalty to the organization, creativity, leadership skills, participation, communication, decision making, change, professional skills, applying positive self and others’ capabilities, and development of team capabilities. By educating this model employees can reach prosperity along with Bank’s achievement.
Implementation of Procedure-Specific Opioid Guidelines
Authors: Wyles Cody C. , Hevesi Mario , Ubl Daniel S. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Gazelka Halena M. , Trousdale Robert T. , Turner Norman S. , Pagnano Mark W. , Mabry Tad M.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Evidence-based, procedure-specific guidelines for prescribing opioids are urgently needed to optimize pain relief while minimizing excessive opioid prescribing and potential opioid diversion in our communities. A multidisciplinary panel at our institution recently developed procedure-specific guidelines for discharge opioid prescriptions for common orthopaedic surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative opioid prescription quantities, variability, and 30-day refill rates before and after implementation of the guidelines.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single academic institution from December 2016 to March 2018. Guidelines were implemented on August 1, 2017, with a recommended maximum opioid prescription quantity for 14 common orthopaedic procedures. Patients who underwent these 14 procedures during the period of December 2016 to May 2017 made up the pre-guideline cohort (n = 2,223), and patients who underwent these procedures from October 2017 to March 2018 made up the post-guideline cohort (n = 2,300). Opioid prescription quantities were reported as oral morphine equivalents (OME), with medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs). Four levels were established for recommended prescription maximums, ranging from 100 to 400 OME.

Results:

In the pre-guideline cohort, the median amount of prescribed opioids across all procedures was 600 OME (IQR, 390 to 863 OME), which decreased by 38% in the post-guideline period, to a median of 375 OME (IQR, 239 to 400 OME) in the post-guideline cohort (p < 0.001). The 30-day refill rate did not change significantly, from a rate of 24% in the pre-guideline cohort to 25% in the post-guideline cohort (p = 0.43). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that guideline implementation was the factor most strongly associated with prescriptions exceeding guideline maximums (odds ratio [OR] = 9.9; p < 0.001). Age groups of <80 years (OR = 2.0 to 2.4; p < 0.001) and males (OR = 1.2; p = 0.025) were also shown to have higher odds of exceeding guideline maximums.

Conclusions:

Procedure-specific guidelines are capable of substantially decreasing opioid prescription amounts and variability. Furthermore, the absence of change in refill rates suggests that pain control remains similar to pre-guideline prescribing practices. Evidence-based guidelines are a readily employable solution that can drive rapid change in practice and enhance the ability of orthopaedic surgeons to provide responsible pain management.
New, Minimally Invasive, Anteromedial-Distal Approach for Plate Osteosynthesis of Distal-Third Humeral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Cañada-Oya Hermenegildo , Cañada-Oya Sabina , Zarzuela-Jiménez Cristina , Delgado-Martinez Alberto D.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Fractures of the distal third of the humeral shaft remain a challenge today. Plate osteosynthesis is the most commonly used method of treatment. Current minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) techniques applied to the distal part of the humerus have shown a high risk of radial nerve injury, and they are unable to adequately fix distal-most fractures. Our hypothesis was that using a new MIPO approach, distal humeral shaft fractures can be safely fixed. The aim of this study was to develop this new anteromedial-distal MIPO approach.

Methods:

We conducted a laboratory descriptive study using 16 arms from adult human specimens. A new anteromedial-distal MIPO approach, starting distally through a small window in the pronator teres muscle, was developed. A premolded plate was introduced in the anterior side of the medial epicondylar area, through the anterior face of the humerus, up to the proximal part of the humeral shaft. Several anatomical parameters were measured on dissection to define the distances of the plate and screws to the neurovascular structures that could be at risk.

Results:

The radial nerve was not at risk because of its pathway through the posterior and lateral aspects of the arm. The mean distance from the most distal border of the medial epicondyle to the proximal border of the coronoid fossa was 3.36 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.23 to 3.50 cm). At least 3 screws could be inserted in all specimens in this area and up to 5 when the fixation area was extended 2 cm proximally. The mean width of the medial epicondylar area was 2.19 cm (95% CI, 2.03 to 2.33 cm), space enough for the distal fixation of the plate. The ulnar nerve was at risk only from the tip of the most distal screw (mean distance of 2.50 mm; 95% CI, 1.60 to 3.40 mm) in specimens with a very narrow medial epicondylar area.

Conclusions:

This approach provides adequate fixation for distal humeral shaft fractures, but proper clinical studies must be undertaken.

Clinical Relevance:

This new approach avoids the risk of radial nerve injury.
The Biology of Sex and Sport
Authors: Bassett Ashley J. , Ahlmen Alessandra , Rosendorf Jessica M. , Romeo Anthony A. , Erickson Brandon J. , Bishop Meghan E.
Published: March 2020

» Sex and gender are not the same. Sex is defined by the human genotype and pertains to biologic differences between males and females. Gender is a fluid concept molded by self-perception, social constructs, and culturally laden attitudes and expectations of men and women.

» In general, males have longer limb levers, stronger bones, greater muscle mass and strength, and greater aerobic capacity. Females exhibit less muscle fatigability and faster recovery during endurance exercise.

» Physiologic sex-based differences have led to an average performance gap of 10% that has remained stable since the 1980s. The performance disparity is lowest for swimming and highest for track and field events.

» The International Olympic Committee currently mandates that female athletes with differences of sex development, or intersex traits, and transgender female athletes must limit their blood testosterone to <10 nmol/L for 12 months to be eligible for competition in the female classification.
Management of Hip Disorders in Patients with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Pooya , Baldwin Keith , Minaie Arya , Miller Freeman
Published: March 2020

» Hip disorders are the second most common musculoskeletal abnormality seen in children with cerebral palsy, affecting nearly 1 in 3.

» The goal of surgical intervention is to provide a mobile, located, and painless hip.

» Reconstructive procedures are indicated for children with migration percentages of >40%.

» Reconstructive procedures typically result in a long-term satisfactory outcome, although recurrence is seen particularly in nonambulatory children and when the reconstruction is performed earlier than 6 years of age.

» Salvage procedures are performed when reconstructive procedures are no longer an option and degenerative changes have occurred. They include proximal femoral valgus osteotomy, proximal femoral resection, and hip arthroplasty.
Risk Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infection in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroko , Simhon Matthew E. , Campbell Megan L. , Vitale Michael G. , Larson Elaine L.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Considerable variation exists in surgical site infection (SSI) prevention practices for pediatric patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery, but the incidence of SSI has been reported to remain high in the United States. The literature reports various risk factors associated with SSI but findings are inconsistent. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the published literature investigating associations between various risk factors and SSI in pediatric patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Methods:

The systematic review and the meta-analysis were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines among peer-reviewed journals published in English between January 2000 and April 2019. Studies that involved pediatric patients with spinal deformity undergoing surgical procedures in North America and assessed risk factors for SSI were included. The quality of individual studies was assessed, and weighted risk ratios and mean differences were calculated for each risk factor.

Results:

Of 763 potential articles identified, 13 met inclusion criteria; 7 studies were rated as average and 6, as poor quality based on the quality checklist. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the SSI risk increased by the following factors: 2.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 5.10) for overweight to obese patients compared with patients with normal weight, 2.84 (95% CI, 1.67 to 4.81) for patients with a neuromuscular etiology compared with non-neuromuscular etiology, 1.69 (95% CI, 1.41 to 2.02) for patients with a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) compared with those without, 3.45 (95% CI, 2.08 to 5.72) for nonambulatory patients compared with ambulators, and 3.39 (95% CI, 2.38 to 4.83) for patients with pelvic instrumentation compared with those without. Patients who developed SSI also had 158.38 mL (95% CI, 46.78 to 269.97 mL) greater estimated blood loss compared with those who did not.

Conclusions:

Despite the limited quality of the available studies and wide variety of populations and outcome definitions, evidence suggests that overweight to obese status, neuromuscular etiology, use of a G-tube, nonambulatory status, instrumentation to the pelvis, and greater estimated blood loss are risk factors for SSI. The use of a common SSI definition and strong methodology are warranted for future studies.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete list of levels of evidence.
Before the Bulldozer Hits the Ground: Measuring Farmland Loss in Ontario
Authors: Sara Epp and James Newlands
Published: March 2020

Rural Ontario is in a constant state of change, as economic, environmental and political pressures impact the viability and resilience of many rural communities. Agricultural areas, in particular, are often negatively impacted by such changes, as this land may be more valuable for development purposes. Farmland is often redesignated to residential, commercial or aggregate land uses, among others, significantly impacting the viability of the agricultural industry. The future sustainability of agriculture in Ontario is dependent upon a stable land base and precise understanding of the availability of farmland. To date, accurate data regarding the amount of farmland being converted to non-farm land uses is not available as existing methods have significant limitations regarding data accuracy, consistency and timing. This research seeks to evaluate the current state of Ontario's farmland in terms of the land available and policies regarding land conservation. In order to ensure that farmland is available, it is necessary to measure the existing land base and determine the quantity of land being lost to development. This study has developed a new methodology for measuring the amount of farmland converted to non-farm land uses through official plan amendments and has been applied to nine regions and counties in southern Ontario. This presentation and poster will detail this new methodology and provide an analysis of the data collected to date. Recommendations regarding policy development, challenges associated with data collection and future research will also be presented.
Supporting Local Food in Northern Ontario
Authors: Katherine Howes
Published: March 2020

In attempting to understand the challenges faced by Northern Ontario with regards to locally produced food, this research is focusing on inventorying the existing production and distribution services available to farmers in Northern Ontario. Working with several Northern Ontario organizations including RAIN (Rural Agri-Innovation Network), NOFIA (Northern Ontario Farm Innovation Alliance), Northern Producer Animal Health Network, OFA and OMAFRA, a directory of these services ranging from production level services (veterinarians, crop advisors) to value added services (dairies, creameries) to distribution and retail services will be compiled to both identify where gaps in services exist and to also inform existing and potential Northern Ontario farmers of the existing services available to them. This project will attempt to link not only producers and distributors but also various communities through a networked approach. It will also identify systems currently in place to produce and distribute food and will identify best practices for increasing access to local food.
Music as Discourse to Inform Rural Policy: A Case Study of the Mayangna Artistic Initiatives in Nicaragua
Authors: Mery Perez
Published: March 2020

The conflicts that have recently intensified around land access by indigenous communities and extractive industries have highlighted a need for the development of rural policy that incorporates diverse perspectives. In North America, this has been exemplified by issues around the construction of oil pipelines which threaten resources that are considered sacred components of indigenous cultural heritage as well as their means for sustenance. Similarly, in Latin America, indigenous people face insecurity as their environments are taken by corporations and colonists whose practices are less sustainable. Community activists have responded by carrying out sit-ins and artistic and ceremonial performance, hoping to inform the creation of policies or enforce existing ones. From a performance theory and discourse analysis perspective, this presentation considers that such conflicts emerge out of clashing discourses on social justice and the relationship between humanity and nature. It also posits that artistic expression is an embodiment of these perspectives and suggests that an analysis of the discourse of music performance allows stakeholders to identify sustainability principles that are essential to Indigenous peoples. Through an in-depth case study focusing on the current struggle for land in which the Mayangna indigenous communities of Nicaragua are engaged, I argue that artistic performance remains a key example of discourse whereby communities express and concretize relationships. Understanding this process of knowledge exchange is critical for fostering collaborative relationships with Indigenous people. The outcomes of this research will inform rural policy and development that may be applicable to Ontario or other rural development environments.
The effects of Anethum graveolens (dill) powder supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Haidari Fatemeh , Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Borazjani Fatemeh , Angali Kambiz Ahmadi , Amoochi Golnaz
Published: March 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of anethum graveolens (dill) powder supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, some antioxidants and inflammatory markers, and gastrointestinal symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients.
Material and methods: In this study, 42 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups and received either 3g/day dill powder or placebo (3 capsules/day, 1 g each). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA- IR), lipid profile, hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and gastrointestinal symptoms were measured in all of the subjects at baseline and post-intervention.
Results: The dill powder supplementation significantly decreased the mean serum levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, LDL-C, TC, and MDA in the intervention group in comparison with the baseline measurements (p < 0.05). Also, the mean serum levels of HDL and TAC were significantly increased in the intervention group in comparison with the baseline measurement (p < 0.05). Colonic motility disorder was the only gastrointestinal symptom whose frequency was significantly reduced by supplementation (P = 0.01). The mean changes of insulin, LDL-C , TC, and MDA were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean changes in HDL were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Dill powder supplementation can be effective in controlling the glycemic, lipid, stress oxidative, and gastrointestinal symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; Dill powder; Glycemic control; Lipid profile; Stress oxidative status
Robotic, laparoscopic or open hemihepatectomy for giant liver hemangiomas of over 10 cm in diameter
Authors: Hu Minggen , Chen Kuang , Zhang Xuan , Li Chenggang , Song Dongda , Liu Rong
Published: March 2020

Background To evaluate the clinical efficacy of robotic, laparoscopic, and open hemihepatectomy for giant liver hemangiomas.Methods From April 2011 to April 2017, consecutive patients who underwent hemihepatectomy for giant liver hemangiomas were included into this study. According to the type of operation, these patients were divided into the robotic hemihepatectomy (RH) group, the laparoscopic hemihepatectomy (LH) group, and the open hemihepatectomy (OH) group. The perioperative and short-term postoperative outcomes were compared among the three groups. The study was reported following the STROCSS criteria.Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, tumor location, body surface area (BSA), future liver remnant volume (FLR), standard liver volume (SLV), liver hemangioma volume, FLR/SLV, resected normal liver volume / resected volume, hepatic disease, rates of blood transfusion, liver function after 24 hours of surgery, operative morbidity and mortality among the three groups. Compared with patients in the RH group (n=19), and the LH group (n=13), patients in the OH group (n=25) had significantly longer postoperative hospital stay (P< 0.05), time to oral intake (P < 0.05), time to get-out-of-bed (P < 0.05), a higher VAS score after 24 hours of surgery (P < 0.05) and a shorter operative time (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in these postoperative outcomes (P>0.05) between the RH group and the LH group. When the setup time in the RH group was excluded, the operative time of the RH group was significantly shorter than the LH group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the operative time between the RH group and the OH group (P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss of the RH group was the least among the three groups (P<0.05) and the intraoperative blood loss of the LH group was less than the OH group (P<0.05).Discussion Robotic, laparoscopic, and open hemihepatectomy were safe and efficacious treatments for giant liver hemangiomas. Robotic and laparoscopic hemihepatectomy were significantly better than open hemihepatectomy in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery and pain score. Compared with laparoscopic hemihepatectomy, robotic hemihepatectomy was associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss and shorter operative time.
AsHSP26.8a, a creeping bentgrass small heat shock protein integrates different signaling pathways to modulate plant abiotic stress response
Authors: Sun Xinbo , Zhu Junfei , Li Xin , Li Zhigang , Han Liebao , Luo Hong
Published: March 2020

Background:Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are critical for plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, especially heat stress. They have also been implicated in various aspects of plant development. However, the acting mechanisms of the sHSPs in plants, especially in perennial grass species, remain largely elusive.Results:In this study,AsHSP26.8a, a novel chloroplast-localized sHSP gene from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL.) was cloned and its role in plant response to environmental stress was studied.AsHSP26.8aencodes a protein of 26.8kDa. Its expression was strongly induced in both leaf and root tissues by heat stress. TransgenicArabidopsisplants overexpressing AsHSP26.8a displayed reduced tolerance to heat stress. Furthermore, overexpression of AsHSP26.8a resulted in hypersensitivity to hormone ABA and salinity stress. Global gene expression analysis revealed AsHSP26.8a-modulated expression of heat-shock transcription factor gene, and the involvement of AsHSP26.8a in ABA-dependent and -independent as well as other stress signaling pathways.Conclusions:Our results suggest that AsHSP26.8a may negatively regulate plant response to various abiotic stresses through modulating ABA and other stress signaling pathways.
Phosphate starvation enhances phagocytosis of Mycobacterium bovis/BCG by macrophages.
Authors: Espinosa-Cueto Patricia , Magallanes-Puebla Alejandro , Mancilla Raul
Published: March 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important health problem worldwide. The only available TB vaccine is Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin, a saprophytic mycobacterium that activates the innate and the acquired immune system after being phagocytosed by macrophages and dendritic cells. BCG vaccination fails to prevent adult pulmonary TB although it may have a protective effect in childhood TB. Understanding how BCG interacts with macrophages and other immunocompetent cells is crucial to develop new vaccines. In this study we showed that macrophages phagocytose Mycobacterium bovis /BCG bacilli with higher efficiency when they are cultured without phosphate. The increased phagocytosis is associated with diminished phagosome acidification. We isolated mycobacterial cell wall and membranes to search for mycobacterial molecules that could be involved in these processes; by immunoblot, it was found that the plasma membranes of phosphate-deprived bacilli express the adhesins PstS-1, LpqH, LprG, and the APA antigen. These proteins are not detected in membranes of bacilli grown with usual amounts of phosphate. The interest of our observations is to show that under the metabolic stress implied in phosphate deprivation, mycobacteria respond upregulating adhesins that could improve their capacity to infect macrophages. These observations are relevant to understand how M. bovis/ BCG induces protective immunity.
Molecular surveillance of anti-malarial drug resistance in Democratic Republic of Congo: high variability of chloroquinoresistance and lack of amodiaquinoresistance
Authors: Yobi Doudou M. , Kayiba Nadine K. , Mvumbi Dieudonné M. , Boreux Raphael , Kabututu Pius Z. , Situakibanza Hippolyte NT. , Likwela Joris L. , De Mol Patrick , Okitolonda Emile W. , Speybroeck Niko , Mvumbi Georges L. , Hayette Marie-Pierre
Published: March 2020

Background: The loss of chloroquine (CQ) effectiveness has led to its withdrawal from national policies as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in several endemic countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The K76T mutation on the pfcrt gene has been identified as a marker of CQ resistance and the SVMNT haplotype in codons 72–76 on the same gene has been associated with resistance to amodiaquine (AQ). In the DRC, the prevalence of K76T has decreased from 100% in 2000 to 63.9% in 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of K76T mutations in circulating strains of Plasmodium falciparum, sixteen years after CQ withdrawal in the DRC and to investigate the presence of the SVMNT haplotype. Methods : In 2017, ten geographical sites across the DRC were selected. Dried blood samples were collected from patients attending health centres. Malaria was first detected by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) available on site (SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf or CareStart Malaria Pf) or thick blood smear and then confirmed by a P. falciparum species-specific real-time PCR assay. A pfcrt gene segment containing a fragment that encodes amino acids at positions 72-76 was amplified by conventional PCR before sequencing. Results: A total of 1070 patients were enrolled. Of the 806 PCR-confirmed P. falciparum positive samples, 764 were successfully sequenced. The K76T mutation was detected in 218 samples (28.5%; 95% CI: 25.4%–31.9%), mainly (96%) with the CVIET haplotype. Prevalence of CQ resistance marker was unequally distributed across the country, ranging from 1.5% in Fungurume to 89.5% in Katana. The SVMNT haplotype, related to AQ resistance, was not detected. Conclusion: Overall, the frequency of the P. falciparum CQ resistance marker has decreased significantly and no resistance marker to AQ was detected in the DRC in 2017. However, the between regions variability of CQ resistance remains high in the country. Further studies are needed for continuous monitoring of the CQ resistance level for its prospective re-use in malaria management. The absence of the AQ resistance marker is in line with the use of this drug in the current DRC malaria treatment policy.
Is natural (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid as effective as synthetic folic acid in increasing serum and red blood cell folate concentrations during pregnancy? A proof-of-concept pilot study
Authors: Cochrane Kelsey M , Mayer Chantal , Devlin Angela M , Elango Rajavel , Hutcheon Jennifer A , Karakochuk Crystal D
Published: March 2020

Background: North American health authorities recommend 0.4 mg/day folic acid before conception and throughout pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate that must be reduced by dihydrofolate reductase and then further metabolized. Recent evidence suggests that the maximal capacity for this process is limited and unmetabolized folic acid has been detected in circulation. The biological effects of unmetabolized folic acid are unknown. A natural form of folate, (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (Metafolin®), may be a superior alternative because it does not need to be reduced in the small intestine. Metafolin® is currently used in some prenatal multivitamins, however it has yet to be evaluated during pregnancy. Methods: This double-blind randomized trial will recruit 60 pregnant women aged 19-42 years. Women will receive either 0.6 mg/day folic acid or an equimolar dose (0.625 mg/day) of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid for 16-weeks. The trial will be initiated at 8-21 weeks gestation (after neural tube closure) to reduce the risk of harm should (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid prove less effective. All women will also receive a prenatal multivitamin (not containing folate) to ensure adequacy of other nutrients. Baseline and endline blood samples will be collected to assess primary outcome measures, including serum folate, red blood cell folate and unmetabolized folic acid. The extent to which the change in primary outcomes from baseline to endline differs between treatment groups, controlling for baseline level, will be estimated using linear regression. Participants will have the option to continue supplementing until 1-week postpartum to provide a breastmilk and blood sample. Exploratory analyses will be completed to evaluate breastmilk and postpartum blood folate concentrations. Discussion: This proof-of-concept trial is needed to obtain estimates of the effect of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid compared to folic acid on circulating biomarkers of folate status during pregnancy. These estimates will inform the design of a definitive trial which will be powered to assess whether (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid is as effective as folic acid in raising blood folate concentrations during pregnancy. Ultimately, these findings will inform folate supplementation policies for pregnant women.
Exposure to Baby-Friendly Hospital Practices and Mothers’ Achievement of their Planned Duration of Breastfeeding.
Authors: Lok Kris Y.W. , Chow Charlotte L.Y. , Fan Heidi S.L. , Chan Vincci H.S. , Tarrant Marie
Published: March 2020

Background: Both breastfeeding intentions and exposure to baby-friendly hospital practices were found to be associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding. This study aims to examine the effect of exposure to baby-friendly hospital practices on mothers’ achievement of their planned duration of breastfeeding.
Methods: A total of 1011 mother-newborn pairs from the postnatal units of four public hospitals in Hong Kong were recruited. Sociodemographic data and breastfeeding intention data were collected via self-report questionnaires during the postnatal hospitalization and exposure to Baby-Friendly hospital practices were assessed through hospital records and maternal self-report. Breastfeeding status after hospital discharge was assessed through telephone follow-up for up to 12 months postnatal, or until participants were no longer breastfeeding.
Results: Only 55% (n=552) of study participants achieved their intended duration of breastfeeding. Participants with higher socioeconomic status, previous breastfeeding experience, and those who had lived in Hong Kong for less than 5 years, were more likely to achieve their planned duration of breastfeeding. Among baby-friendly hospital practices, feeding only breast milk during the hospitalization and providing information about breastfeeding support on discharge were associated with participants’ achieving their individual breastfeeding intentions. After adjustment, when compared with women who experienced onebaby-friendly practice, participants who experienced six baby-friendly hospital practices were significantly more likely to achieve their planned duration of breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio=8.45, 95% confidence interval 3.03 – 23.6).
Conclusions: Nearly half of participants did not achieve their planned breastfeeding duration. Exposure to baby-friendly hospital practices, especially in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding and providing breastfeeding support information upon hospital discharge may help more mothers to achieve their individual breastfeeding goals.
Total Injectable Anesthesia of Dogs and Cats for Remote Location Veterinary Sterilization Clinic
Authors: Posner Lysa Pam , Applegate Jeffrey , Cannedy Allen , Deresienski Diane , Mozzachio Kristie , Serrano Maria , Lewbart Gregory
Published: March 2020

Background : Sterilization clinics often occur in remote places where anesthesia machines and compressed oxygen are unavailable. This study describes the use of total injectable anesthesia in dogs and cats presented for sterilization in a remote location. Results: A total of 100 animals were sterilized; 26 female cats (CF), 22 male cats (CM), 28 female dogs (DF), and 24 male dogs (DM). CF were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (20 mcg/kg), ketamine (8 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. CM were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. Insufficient anesthesia in cats was treated with alfaxalone (1mg/kg) IM. All cats were administered meloxicam at 0.3mg/kg SQ. DF were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (7-10 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. DM were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. All dogs had IV catheter and endotracheal tube placed. If SpO 2 <90<91%, dogs had assisted ventilation via Ambu bag. Insufficient anesthesia in dogs was treated with alfaxalone (1 mg/kg) IV. All dogs were administered meloxicam at 0.2 mg/kg SQ. Following surgery, atipamezole (0.05-0.1mg/kg) IM was administered to any patient that did not have voluntary movement. All patients survived and were discharged. Less than 25% of cats and male dogs required supplemental anesthesia. Fifty seven percent of female dogs required supplemental anesthesia. More than 89% of patients (in any group) required atipamezole administration. One cat recovered with agitation and hyperthermia (41.1C/ 106F). Some dogs required ventilatory assistance to remain normoxemic while anesthetized. Conclusion: Total injectable anesthesia can be accomplished for remote location sterilization clinics with minimal morbidity.
Cone-beam Computed Tomography Investigation of Middle Mesial Canals and Isthmuses in Mandibular First Molars in a Chinese Population
Authors: Xu Shuaimei , Dao Junfeng , Liu Zhongjun , Zhang Zhiyong , Lu Yu , Zeng Xiongqun
Published: March 2020

Background : While there is ample research into the anatomy of mandibular molars, little is known regarding isthmuses and middle mesial (MM) canals in Chinese populations. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of MM canals and isthmuses in the mesial root of mandibular first molars using Cone-beam Computed Tomography.
Methods : Cone-beam Computed Tomography images of 357 mature mandibular first molars were retrospectively analyzed. Presence of isthmuses and MM canals , and the length of isthmuses in the mesial root were recorded. Meanwhile, we also recorded possible correlated factors such as demographics, side of mandible, presence of separated distal-lingual roots. ``
Results : Of these 357 teeth, 209 showed evidence of either complete or partial communication in the mesial root. Of these, 11(3.1%) exhibited true MM canals while 198(55.5%) exhibited isthmuses. Sex or side of mandible was not correlated with the prevalence of isthmuses ( P > 0.05) . However, there was a significant association between the presence of a distal-lingual root and the prevalence of such communication ( P < 0.001). The average length of isthmuses was 4.3 ± 3.1mm.
Conclusions : We detected high rate of isthmuses and low rate of MM canals in mesial roots of mandibular first molars, which is important as such areas should be identified and cleaned during root canal treatment.
Performance of pirimiphos-methyl based Indoor Residual Spraying on entomological parameters of malaria transmission in the pyrethroid resistance region of Koulikoro, Mali.
Authors: KEITA Moussa , SOGOBA Nafomon , Traoré Boïssé , Kané Fousseyni , Coulibaly Boubacar , Traoré Sekou Fantamady , Doumbia Seydou
Published: March 2020

Background: Following mosquito vector resistance to both pyrethroid and carbamates, organophosphate (pirimiphos-methyl) was used for the Indoor Residual Spray campaigns performed in 2015 to 2016 in the district of Koulikoro. In this context, we assessed the effect of IRS on malaria transmission by comparing entomological indices in two localities: Koulikoro (LLINs+IRS), and Banamba (LLINs -only) districts. Methods: The study was conducted in two villages of each district (Koulikoro and Banamba). Pyrethrum spray catches and entry window trapping were used to collect mosquitoes on a monthly basis. WHO tube tests were carried out to assess mosquito susceptibility to insecticides. Mosquitoes were identified to species level by PCR and their infection to P. falciparum was detected by ELISA. Results: An. coluzii was the most frequent species. Its density was rainfall dependent in the no-IRS area, and almost independent in the IRS area. The infection rate (IR) in the no-IRS area was 0.96%, while it was null in the IRS area. In the no-IRS area, the entomological inoculation rates (EIR) was 0.21 infective bites /person month with a peak in September. High resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates and susceptibility to organophosphates was observed at all sites. Conclusion: The introduction of pirimiphos-methyl based IRS in the area resulted to a significant decrease in malaria transmission. An.gambiae s.l., the main malaria vector of the area, was resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates, and remained susceptible to the organophosphates.
Transcriptome analysis reveals ethylene-mediated defense responses to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum infection in Cucumis sativus
Authors: Dong Jingping , Wang Yuean , Xian Qianqian , Chen Xuehao , Xu Jun
Published: March 2020

Background: Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc), is a severe disease affecting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production worldwide, but mechanisms underlying Fusarium wilt resistance in cucumber remain unknown. To better understanding of the defense mechanisms elicited in response to Foc inoculation, RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic profiling of responses of the Fusarium wilt-resistant cucumber line ‘Rijiecheng’ at 0, 24, 48, 96, and 192 hours after Foc inoculation was performed.Results: We identified 4116 genes that were differentially expressed between 0 hour and other time points after inoculation. All ethylene-related and pathogenesis-related genes from the differentially expressed genes were filtered out. Real-time PCR analysis showed that ethylene-related genes were induced in response to Foc infection. Importantly, after Foc infection and exogenous application of ethephon, a donor of ethylene, the ethylene-related genes were highly expressed. In response to exogenous ethephon treatment in conjunction with Foc inoculation, the infection resistance of cucumber seedlings was enhanced and endogenous ethylene biosynthesis increased dramatically. Conclusion: Collectively, ethylene signaling pathways play a positive role in regulating the defense response of cucumber to Foc infection. The results provide insight into the cucumber Fusarium wilt defense mechanisms and provide valuable information for breeding new cucumber cultivars with enhanced Fusarium wilt tolerance.
SPP1 targeted by miR-4262 in gastric cancer functions as an enhancer of cell growth and correlates with dismal prognosis
Authors: Wang Junqing , Hao Fengjie , Yang Yuchen , Fei Xiaochun , Chen Xunhua
Published: March 2020

Background

Advanced gastric cancer (GC) induces diamal prognosis and high mortality. Discovery of new biomarkers or differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is serving for early diagnosis, prevention and therapautic treatmen in GC. In this study, by combining with biostatistics analysis, we aimed to verify the aberrant high expression and enhancing effects of SPP1 on GC, and to explore the probable relative post-transcriptional regulation.

Methods

Three datasets (GSE13911, GSE19826 and GSE27342) from NCBI GEO database were explored. SPP1 was screened out and detected in 105 real GC patients through immunohistochemistry analysis and RT-qPCR assay. The patients’ clinicopathologic features were collected and analyzed. The expression of SPP1 was examinated in three GC cell lines (MKN-45, AGS and SNU-16) . MKN-45 cell model with SPP1 depletd was constrcted through shRNA transfection. CCK8 assay, cell cycle detection and apoptosis rate calculation were conducted to evaluate the ability of cell growth. MiR-4262 was filtered out as a potential up-streaming regulator of SPP1 mRNA through bioinformatic prediction, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay was used for validation. Rescue experiment was introduced to confirm the post-transcriptional regulation.

Results

Thirteen DEGs increased in GC were selected, among which SPP1 was screened out for its significant over-expression in GC. SPP1 expression profile was validated in both the 105 real GC patients’ samples and three GC cell liens. High SPP1 expression was found significantly associated with the patients’ clinicopathologic features related to unideal prognosis, including tumor size, lymph node metastasis, local invasion grade and TNM stage. Depletion of SPP1 remarkably suppressed the GC cell growth. Whilst, microRNA-4262 was validated directly binding to the 3’-UTR of SPP1 mRNA in GC cells, degenerating the expression of SPP1.

Conclusions

SPP1 probably functions as an oncogenic gene in GC, and provides us a new biomarker in GC hopeful to promote GC prevention, diagnose and therapeutic treatment.
Clinical-radiological dissociation in a patient with nitrous oxide-induced subacute combined degeneration: A case report
Authors: Jiang Jiwei , Shang Xiuli
Published: March 2020

Background: Several recent studies have reported subacute combined degeneration (SCD) induced by nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse. However, the association between the evolution of dynamic neuroimaging and clinical manifestations has not been reported in patients with N2O-induced SCD. Case presentation: We described the case of a 24-year-old man who developed SCD with inverted V-sign hyperintensities over the posterior aspect of the spinal cord caused by frequent, excessive N2O inhalation. One month after treatment, his weakness and paresthesia resolved and serum vitamin B12 levels exceeded the normal levels. However, the hyperintensities had extended horizontally and longitudinally on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), compared to those on the initial scan. Two months after treatment, the patient experienced some residual numbness in the distal limbs, and his serum homocysteine levels were normal, but the abnormal signals seen on cervical T2-weighted MRI had decreased only slightly compared to those seen on the one-month follow-up MRI. The evolution of conventional MRI findings lagged compared to the clinical manifestation, which was suggestive of a clinical-radiological dissociation. Conclusions: Clinical-radiological dissociation might have occurred in this case because T2-weighted imaging was not sensitive enough to reveal cytotoxic edema. Moreover, the serum vitamin B12 level is not a good indicator of cellular vitamin B12. Thus, clinicians should recognize this phenomenon, comprehensively assess the condition of patients with N2O-induced SCD, and avoid terminating treatment based on the resolution of clinical symptoms and serological results.
The association of family structure with health behavior, mental health, and perceived academic achievement among adolescents: A 2018 Korean Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Park Hanul , Lee Kang-Sook
Published: March 2020

Background: Adolescence is a period during which physical, social, and mental abilities are rapidly developed, and during this time the family environment plays an important role. Differences in health behaviors, mental health, and academic achievement by family structure may affect future families, income, and employment. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association of family structure with health behaviors, mental health, and academic achievement in Korean adolescents.Method: Data from the 2018 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were analyzed. The study sample was comprised of 59,096 adolescents. Logistic regression, t-tests, and a variance analysis of a complex sample general linear model were used to examine the association of family structure with health behaviors, mental health, and academic achievement. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.Results: Non-intact families (single-mother families, single-father families, and restructured families) had significantly higher odds ratios of health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, Internet use, physical activity, and sexual experience, and mental health issues such as depression, suicidal ideation, perceived stress, and poor perceived health status than intact families (two-parent families). Also, non-intact families were significantly related to low perceived academic achievement compared to intact ones.Conclusion: This study showed that family structure is a significant factor in adolescent health behavior, mental health, and perceived academic achievement. Adolescents who experience a transition in their family structure may be more vulnerable to health risks and exhibit lower academic achievement than those in an intact family.