bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Architecture, Structural Evolution, and Role of Inheritance Controlling Detachment Faulting at a Hyperextended Distal Margin: The Example of the Err Detachment System (SE Switzerland)
Authors: Epin M.‐E. , Manatschal G.
Published: November 2018

While extensional detachment systems linked to postorogenic or oceanic settings have been described from many places, examples linked to hyperextension and formation of magma‐poor rifted margins remain rare. Here we describe one of the best preserved examples of a detachment system that is exposed over 200 km2 in the Err nappe in SE Switzerland. Based on existing and new mapping, we realized a new map that enables to describe the 3‐D structure of a detachment system and its role in thinning the crust and controlling the architecture and structural evolution of a hyperextended margin. We show that the Err detachment system is formed by at least three in‐sequence detachment faults. The 3‐D architecture of these faults and of their hanging wall blocks is controlled by inherited structures and a prerift evaporite level. The geometrical relationships and the evolution of the detachment system show deviations from the classical rolling hinge model. From the observations it remains unclear how and where the detachment faults rooted at depth. The overall observations made in the Err nappe allow to describe how the final rift evolution preceding mantle exhumation can be explained by extensional detachment systems and how these structures shape the hyperextended continental wedge at distal margins. While these questions are difficult to answer at present‐day rifted margins, the use of a kilometer‐scale field analogue can help to upscale and to interpret extensional detachment systems at present‐day distal, magma‐poor rifted margins.
The role of convergent ion channel pathways in microglial phenotypes: a systematic review of the implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Quagliato Laiana A. , Nardi Antonio E.
Published: November 2018

Increases in the activated state of microglia, the main neuroimmune cells, are widely reported in the brains of patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Microglia transform from the resting to the activated state by sensing their environment, aided by a variety of ion channels. To examine the effect of ion channels on microglial phenotypes, we conducted a systematic review of immunohistochemical analyses of these neuroimmune cells in animal models following administration of ion channel antagonists, compared to control conditions. A systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases using the PRISMA and WHO methodologies for systematic reviews yielded 15 original peer-reviewed studies. The majority (13 out of 15) of these studies reported a decrease in microglial activated state after ion signaling pharmacological blockade. The studies provide evidence that acute administration of ion channel antagonists leads to a reduction in microglial activation in rodent brains in the models for epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, inflammation, pain, ischemia, and brain and spinal cord injury. Future research should explore microglial-specific druggable targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders. The investigation of acute and chronic administration of ion channel antagonists in microglial phenotypes in primates and the development of microglia-like cells derived from human stem cells could be valuable sources in this direction.
Non-canonical nucleosides and chemistry of the emergence of life
Authors: Becker Sidney , Schneider Christina , Crisp Antony , Carell Thomas
Published: November 2018

Prebiotic chemistry, driven by changing environmental parameters provides canonical and a multitude of non-canonical nucleosides. This suggests that Watson-Crick base pairs were selected from a diverse pool of nucleosides in a pre-Darwinian chemical evolution process.
Targeting the BRD4/FOXO3a/CDK6 axis sensitizes AKT inhibition in luminal breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Duan Zhibing , Guo Weijie , Zeng Lei , Wu Yadi , Chen Yule , Tai Fang , Wang Yifan , Lin Yiwei , Zhang Qiang , He Yanling , Deng Jiong , Stewart Rachel L. , Wang Chi , Lin Pengnian Charles , Ghaffari Saghi , Evers B. Mark , Liu Suling , Zhou Ming-Ming , Zhou Binhua P. , Shi Jian
Published: November 2018

BRD4 assembles transcriptional machinery at gene super-enhancer regions and governs the expression of genes that are critical for cancer progression. However, it remains unclear whether BRD4-mediated gene transcription is required for tumor cells to develop drug resistance. Our data show that prolonged treatment of luminal breast cancer cells with AKT inhibitors induces FOXO3a dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and disrupts its association with SirT6, eventually leading to FOXO3a acetylation as well as BRD4 recognition. Acetylated FOXO3a recognizes the BD2 domain of BRD4, recruits the BRD4/RNAPII complex to the CDK6 gene promoter, and induces its transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of either BRD4/FOXO3a association or CDK6 significantly overcomes the resistance of luminal breast cancer cells to AKT inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Our study reports the involvement of BRD4/FOXO3a/CDK6 axis in AKTi resistance and provides potential therapeutic strategies for treating resistant breast cancer.
Daily changes in phytoplankton lipidomes reveal mechanisms of energy storage in the open ocean
Authors: Becker Kevin W. , Collins James R. , Durham Bryndan P. , Groussman Ryan D. , White Angelicque E. , Fredricks Helen F. , Ossolinski Justin E. , Repeta Daniel J. , Carini Paul , Armbrust E. Virginia , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S.
Published: November 2018

Sunlight is the dominant control on phytoplankton biosynthetic activity, and darkness deprives them of their primary external energy source. Changes in the biochemical composition of phytoplankton communities over diel light cycles and attendant consequences for carbon and energy flux in environments remain poorly elucidated. Here we use lipidomic data from the North Pacific subtropical gyre to show that biosynthesis of energy-rich triacylglycerols (TAGs) by eukaryotic nanophytoplankton during the day and their subsequent consumption at night drives a large and previously uncharacterized daily carbon cycle. Diel oscillations in TAG concentration comprise 23 ± 11% of primary production by eukaryotic nanophytoplankton representing a global flux of about 2.4 Pg C yr−1. Metatranscriptomic analyses of genes required for TAG biosynthesis indicate that haptophytes and dinoflagellates are active members in TAG production. Estimates suggest that these organisms could contain as much as 40% more calories at sunset than at sunrise due to TAG production.
Publisher Correction: Fuelling conditions at staging sites can mitigate Arctic warming effects in a migratory bird
Authors: Rakhimberdiev Eldar , Duijns Sjoerd , Karagicheva Julia , Camphuysen Cornelis J. ,   VRS Castricum, Dekinga Anne , Dekker Rob , Gavrilov Anatoly , ten Horn Job , Jukema Joop , Saveliev Anatoly , Soloviev Mikhail , Tibbitts T. Lee , van Gils Jan A. , Piersma Theunis
Published: November 2018

In the original HTML version of this Article, the order of authors within the author list was incorrect. The consortium VRS Castricum was incorrectly listed after Theunis Piersma and should have been listed after Cornelis J. Camphuysen. This error has been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
A downy mildew effector evades recognition by polymorphism of expression and subcellular localization
Authors: Asai Shuta , Furzer Oliver J. , Cevik Volkan , Kim Dae Sung , Ishaque Naveed , Goritschnig Sandra , Staskawicz Brian J. , Shirasu Ken , Jones Jonathan D. G.
Published: November 2018

Pathogen co-evolution with plants involves selection for evasion of host surveillance systems. The oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) causes downy mildew on Arabidopsis, and race-specific interactions between Arabidopsis accessions and Hpa isolates fit the gene-for-gene model in which host resistance or susceptibility are determined by matching pairs of plant Resistance (R) genes and pathogen Avirulence (AVR) genes. Arabidopsis Col-0 carries R gene RPP4 that confers resistance to Hpa isolates Emoy2 and Emwa1, but its cognate recognized effector(s) were unknown. We report here the identification of the Emoy2 AVR effector gene recognized by RPP4 and show resistance-breaking isolates of Hpa on RPP4-containing Arabidopsis carry the alleles that either are not expressed, or show cytoplasmic instead of nuclear subcellular localization.
Plasmon induced thermoelectric effect in graphene
Authors: Shautsova Viktoryia , Sidiropoulos Themistoklis , Xiao Xiaofei , Güsken Nicholas A. , Black Nicola C. G. , Gilbertson Adam M. , Giannini Vincenzo , Maier Stefan A. , Cohen Lesley F. , Oulton Rupert F.
Published: November 2018

Graphene has emerged as a promising material for optoelectronics due to its potential for ultrafast and broad-band photodetection. The photoresponse of graphene junctions is characterized by two competing photocurrent generation mechanisms: a conventional photovoltaic effect and a more dominant hot-carrier-assisted photothermoelectric (PTE) effect. The PTE effect is understood to rely on variations in the Seebeck coefficient through the graphene doping profile. A second PTE effect can occur across a homogeneous graphene channel in the presence of an electronic temperature gradient. Here, we study the latter effect facilitated by strongly localised plasmonic heating of graphene carriers in the presence of nanostructured electrical contacts resulting in electronic temperatures of the order of 2000 K. At certain conditions, the plasmon-induced PTE photocurrent contribution can be isolated. In this regime, the device effectively operates as a sensitive electronic thermometer and as such represents an enabling technology for development of hot carrier based plasmonic devices.
Seamless lateral graphene p–n junctions formed by selective in situ doping for high-performance photodetectors
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Miao , Chen Da , Guo Qinglei , Feng Xuefei , Niu Tianchao , Liu Xiaosong , Li Ang , Lai Jiawei , Sun Dong , Liao Zhimin , Wang Yongqiang , Chu Paul K. , Ding Guqiao , Xie Xiaoming , Di Zengfeng , Wang Xi
Published: November 2018

Lateral graphene p–n junctions are important since they constitute the core components in a variety of electronic/photonic systems. However, formation of lateral graphene p–n junctions with a controllable doping levels is still a great challenge due to the monolayer feature of graphene. Herein, by performing selective ion implantation and in situ growth by dynamic chemical vapor deposition, direct formation of seamless lateral graphene p–n junctions with spatial control and tunable doping is demonstrated. Uniform lattice substitution with heteroatoms is achieved in both the boron-doped and nitrogen-doped regions and photoelectrical assessment reveals that the seamless lateral p–n junctions exhibit a distinct photocurrent response under ambient conditions. As ion implantation is a standard technique in microelectronics, our study suggests a simple and effective strategy for mass production of graphene p–n junctions with batch capability and spatial controllability, which can be readily integrated into the production of graphene-based electronics and photonics.
NLRP3 lacking the leucine-rich repeat domain can be fully activated via the canonical inflammasome pathway
Authors: Hafner-Bratkovič Iva , Sušjan Petra , Lainšček Duško , Tapia-Abellán Ana , Cerović Kosta , Kadunc Lucija , Angosto-Bazarra Diego , Pelegrin Pablo , Jerala Roman
Published: November 2018

NLRP3 is a cytosolic sensor triggered by different pathogen- and self-derived signals that plays a central role in a variety of pathological conditions, including sterile inflammation. The leucine-rich repeat domain is present in several innate immune receptors, where it is frequently responsible for sensing danger signals and regulation of activation. Here we show by reconstitution of truncated and chimeric variants intoNlrp3−/−macrophages that the leucine-rich repeat domain is dispensable for activation and self-regulation of NLRP3 by several different triggers. The pyrin domain on the other hand is required to maintain NLRP3 in the inactive conformation. A fully responsive minimal NLRP3 truncation variant reconstitutes peritonitis inNlrp3−/−mice. We demonstrate that in contrast to pathogen-activated NLRC4, the constitutively active NLRP3 molecule cannot engage wild-type NLRP3 molecules in a self-catalytic oligomerization. This lack of signal amplification is likely a protective mechanism to decrease sensitivity to endogenous triggers to impede autoinflammation.
Selective production of phase-separable product from a mixture of biomass-derived aqueous oxygenates
Authors: Wang Yehong , Peng Mi , Zhang Jian , Zhang Zhixin , An Jinghua , Du Shuyan , An Hongyu , Fan Fengtao , Liu Xi , Zhai Peng , Ma Ding , Wang Feng
Published: November 2018

Selective conversion of an aqueous solution of mixed oxygenates produced by biomass fermentation to a value-added single product is pivotal for commercially viable biomass utilization. However, the efficiency and selectivity of the transformation remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a strategy capable of transforming ~70% of carbon in an aqueous fermentation mixture (ABE: acetone–butanol–ethanol–water) to 4-heptanone (4-HPO), catalyzed by tin-doped ceria (Sn-ceria), with a selectivity as high as 86%. Water (up to 27 wt%), detrimental to the reported catalysts for ABE conversion, was beneficial for producing 4-HPO, highlighting the feasibility of the current reaction system. In a 300 h continuous reaction over 2 wt% Sn-ceria catalyst, the average 4-HPO selectivity is maintained at 85% with 50% conversion and > 90% carbon balance. This strategy offers a route for highly efficient organic-carbon utilization, which can potentially integrate biological and chemical catalysis platforms for the robust and highly selective production of value-added chemicals.
Temporal control of gene expression by the pioneer factor Zelda through transient interactions in hubs
Authors: Dufourt Jeremy , Trullo Antonio , Hunter Jennifer , Fernandez Carola , Lazaro Jorge , Dejean Matthieu , Morales Lucas , Nait-Amer Saida , Schulz Katharine N. , Harrison Melissa M. , Favard Cyril , Radulescu Ovidiu , Lagha Mounia
Published: November 2018

Pioneer transcription factors can engage nucleosomal DNA, which leads to local chromatin remodeling and to the establishment of transcriptional competence. However, the impact of enhancer priming by pioneer factors on the temporal control of gene expression and on mitotic memory remains unclear. Here we employ quantitative live imaging methods and mathematical modeling to test the effect of the pioneer factor Zelda on transcriptional dynamics and memory in Drosophila embryos. We demonstrate that increasing the number of Zelda binding sites accelerates the kinetics of nuclei transcriptional activation regardless of their transcriptional past. Despite its known pioneering activities, we show that Zelda does not remain detectably associated with mitotic chromosomes and is neither necessary nor sufficient to foster memory. We further reveal that Zelda forms sub-nuclear dynamic hubs where Zelda binding events are transient. We propose that Zelda facilitates transcriptional activation by accumulating in microenvironments where it could accelerate the duration of multiple pre-initiation steps.
Medullary bone in an Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird and discussion regarding its identification in fossils
Authors: O’Connor Jingmai , Erickson Gregory M. , Norell Mark , Bailleul Alida M. , Hu Han , Zhou Zhonghe
Published: November 2018

Medullary bone is an ephemeral type of bone tissue, today found only in sexually mature female birds, that provides a calcium reservoir for eggshell formation. The presence of medullary bone-like tissues in extant birds, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs distantly related to birds shows that caution must be exercised before concluding that fossils bear medullary bone. Here we describe a new specimen of pengornithid enantiornithine from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation. Consisting of an isolated left hindlimb, the three-dimensional preservation contrasts with the crushed preservation characteristic of most Jehol specimens. Histological examinations suggest this resulted from the presence of a thick layer of highly vascular bone spanning the medullary cavities of the femur and tibiotarsus, consistent with expectations for medullary bone in extant birds. Micro-computed tomographic scans reveal small amounts of the same tissue extending into the pedal phalanges. We consider the tissue to be homologous to the medullary bone of Neornithines.
Author Correction: Ultrafast switch-on dynamics of frequency-tuneable semiconductor lasers
Authors: Kundu Iman , Wang Feihu , Qi Xiaoqiong , Nong Hanond , Dean Paul , Freeman Joshua R. , Valavanis Alexander , Agnew Gary , Grier Andrew T. , Taimre Thomas , Li Lianhe , Indjin Dragan , Mangeney Juliette , Tignon Jérôme , Dhillon Sukhdeep S. , Rakić Aleksandar D. , Cunningham John E. , Linfield Edmund H. , Davies A. Giles
Published: November 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the Acknowledgements, which incorrectly omitted the following: ‘We also acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects Funding Scheme (Grant DP 160 103910).’ This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Chromatin interactions and expression quantitative trait loci reveal genetic drivers of multimorbidities
Authors: Fadason Tayaza , Schierding William , Lumley Thomas , O’Sullivan Justin M.
Published: November 2018

Clinical studies of non-communicable diseases identify multimorbidities that suggest a common set of predisposing factors. Despite the fact that humans have ~24,000 genes, we do not understand the genetic pathways that contribute to the development of multimorbid non-communicable disease. Here we create a multimorbidity atlas of traits based on pleiotropy of spatially regulated genes. Using chromatin interaction and expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) data, we analyse 20,782 variants (p < 5 × 10−6) associated with 1351 phenotypes to identify 16,248 putative spatial eQTL-eGene pairs that are involved in 76,013 short- and long-range regulatory interactions (FDR < 0.05) in different human tissues. Convex biclustering of spatial eGenes that are shared among phenotypes identifies complex interrelationships between nominally different phenotype-associated SNPs. Our approach enables the simultaneous elucidation of variant interactions with target genes that are drivers of multimorbidity, and those that contribute to unique phenotype associated characteristics.
SUMO conjugation to the pattern recognition receptor FLS2 triggers intracellular signalling in plant innate immunity
Authors: Orosa Beatriz , Yates Gary , Verma Vivek , Srivastava Anjil K. , Srivastava Moumita , Campanaro Alberto , De Vega Daniel , Fernandes Alanna , Zhang Cunjin , Lee Jack , Bennett Malcolm J. , Sadanandom Ari
Published: November 2018

Detection of conserved microbial patterns by host cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates innate immunity. The FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2) receptor perceives bacterial flagellin and recruits another PRR, BAK1 and the cytoplasmic-kinase BIK1 to form an active co-receptor complex that initiates antibacterial immunity inArabidopsis. Molecular mechanisms that transmit flagellin perception from the plasma-membrane FLS2-associated receptor complex to intracellular events are less well understood. Here, we show that flagellin induces the conjugation of the SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) protein to FLS2 to trigger release of BIK1. Disruption of FLS2 SUMOylation can abolish immune responses, resulting in susceptibility to bacterial pathogens inArabidopsis. We also identify the molecular machinery that regulates FLS2 SUMOylation and demonstrate a role for the deSUMOylating enzyme, Desi3a in innate immunity. Flagellin induces the degradation of Desi3a and enhances FLS2 SUMOylation to promote BIK1 dissociation and trigger intracellular immune signalling.
De novo sequencing and transcriptome assembly of Arisaema heterophyllum Blume and identification of genes involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Chenkai , Zhu Jinhang , Liu Miaomiao , Yang Qingshan , Wu Jiawen , Li Zegeng
Published: November 2018

Arisaema heterophyllum Blume (AhBl) is one of the valued medicinal plants. However, its genetic information is limited, which impedes further studies of this valuable resource. To investigate the genes involved in the isoflavonoid biosynthesis, we deeply performed transcriptome sequencing for AhBl. An average of 10.98 Gb clean reads were obtained based on root, tuber and leaf tissues, and 109,937 unigenes were yielded after de novo assembly. In total, 72,287 of those unigenes were annotated in at least one public database. The numbers of expressed unigenes in each tissue were 35,686, 43,363 and 47,783, respectively. The overall expression levels of transcripts in leaf were higher than those in root and tuber. Differentially expressed genes analysis indicated that a total of 12,448 shared unigenes were detected in all three tissues, 10,215 of which were higher expressed in tuber than that in root and leaf. Besides, 87 candidate unigenes that encode for enzymes involved in biosynthesis of isoflavonoid were identified and analyzed, and some key enzyme genes were experimentally validated by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study provides a unique dataset for the systematic analysis of AhBl functional genes and expression characteristics, and facilitates the future study of the pharmacological mechanism of AhBl.
Spatiotemporal clustering of cases of Kawasaki disease and associated coronary artery aneurysms in Canada
Authors: Hearn Jason , McCrindle Brian W. , Mueller Brigitte , O’Shea Sunita , Bernknopf Bailey , Labelle Michael , Manlhiot Cedric
Published: November 2018

Detailed epidemiologic examination of the distribution of Kawasaki disease (KD) cases could help elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of this puzzling condition. Location of residence at KD admission was obtained for patients diagnosed in Canada (excluding Quebec) between March 2004 and March 2015. We identified 4,839 patients, 164 of whom (3.4%) developed a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). A spatiotemporal clustering analysis was performed to determine whether non-random clusters emerged in the distributions of KD and CAA cases. A high-incidence KD cluster occurred in Toronto, ON, between October 2004 and May 2005 (116 cases; relative risk (RR) = 3.43; p < 0.001). A cluster of increased CAA frequency emerged in Mississauga, ON, between April 2004 and September 2005 (17% of KD cases; RR = 4.86). High-incidence clusters also arose in British Columbia (November 2010 to March 2011) and Alberta (January 2010 to November 2012) for KD and CAA, respectively. In an exploratory comparison between the primary KD cluster and reference groups of varying spatial and temporal origin, the main cluster demonstrated higher frequencies of conjunctivitis, oral mucosa changes and treatment with antibiotics, suggesting a possible coincident infectious process. Further spatiotemporal evaluation of KD cases might help understand the probable multifactorial etiology.
Effects of near infrared focused laser on the fluorescence of labelled cell membrane
Authors: Avila Remy , Tamariz Elisa , Medina-Villalobos Norma , Andilla Jordi , Marsal María , Loza-Alvarez Pablo
Published: November 2018

Near infrared (NIR) laser light can have important reactions on live cells. For example, in a macroscopic scale, it is used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and in a single-cell scale, NIR lasers have been experimentally used to guide neuronal growth. However, little is known about how NIR lasers produce such behaviours on cells. In this paper we report effects of focussing a continuous wave 810-nm wavelength laser on in vivo 3T3 cells plasma membrane. Cell membranes were labelled with FM 4-64, a dye that fluoresces when associated to membrane lipids. Confocal microscopy was used to image cell membranes and perform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. We found that the NIR laser produces an increase of the fluorescence intensity at the location of laser spot. This intensity boost vanishes once the laser is turned off. The mean fluorescence increase, calculated over 75 independent measurements, equals 19%. The experiments reveal that the fluorescence rise is a growing function of the laser power. This dependence is well fitted with a square root function. The FRAP, when the NIR laser is acting on the cell, is twice as large as when the NIR laser is off, and the recovery time is 5 times longer. Based on the experimental evidence and a linear fluorescence model, it is shown that the NIR laser provokes a rise in the number of molecular associations dye-lipid. The results reported here may be a consequence of a combination of induced increments in membrane fluidity and exocytosis.
Publisher Correction: Measurement of the emission spectrum of a semiconductor laser using laser-feedback interferometry
Authors: Keeley James , Freeman Joshua , Bertling Karl , Lim Yah Leng , Mohandas Reshma A. , Taimre Thomas , Li Lianhe H. , Indjin Dragan , Rakić Aleksandar D. , Linfield Edmund H. , Davies A. Giles , Dean Paul
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper
Genetic identification of Ly75 as a novel quantitative trait gene for resistance to obesity in mice
Authors: Makino Keita , Ishikawa Akira
Published: November 2018

Identification of causal quantitative trait genes (QTGs) governing obesity is challenging. We previously revealed that the lymphocyte antigen 75 (Ly75) gene with an immune function is a putative QTG for Pbwg1.5, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to obesity found from wild mice (Mus musculus castaneus). The objective of this study was to identify a true QTG for Pbwg1.5 by a combined approach of a quantitative complementation test, qualitative phenotypic analyses and causal analysis using segregating populations. In a four-way cross population among an Ly75 knockout strain, a subcongenic strain carrying Pbwg1.5 and their background strains, the quantitative complementation test showed genetic evidence that the Ly75 locus is identical to Pbwg1.5. Qualitative phenotypic analyses in two intercross populations between knockout and background strains and between subcongenic and background strains suggested that Ly75 may have pleiotropic effects on weights of white fat pads and organs. Causal analysis in the intercross population between knockout and background strains revealed that only variation in fat pad weight is caused by the genotypic difference via the difference in liver Ly75 expression. The results showed that Ly75 is a true Pbwg1.5 QTG for resistance to obesity. The finding provides a novel insight for obesity biology.
Conserved Transcriptional Signatures in Human and Murine Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: McGregor Brett A. , Eid Stephanie , Rumora Amy E. , Murdock Benjamin , Guo Kai , de Anda-Jáuregui Guillermo , Porter James E. , Feldman Eva L. , Hur Junguk
Published: November 2018

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. In this study, we employed a systems biology approach to identify DPN-related transcriptional pathways conserved across human and various murine models. Eight microarray datasets on peripheral nerve samples from murine models of type 1 (streptozotocin-treated) and type 2 (db/db and ob/ob) diabetes of various ages and human subjects with non-progressive and progressive DPN were collected. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between non-diabetic and diabetic samples in murine models, and non-progressive and progressive human samples using a unified analysis pipeline. A transcriptional network for each DEG set was constructed based on literature-derived gene-gene interaction information. Seven pairwise human-vs-murine comparisons using a network-comparison program resulted in shared sub-networks including 46 to 396 genes, which were further merged into a single network of 688 genes. Pathway and centrality analyses revealed highly connected genes and pathways including LXR/RXR activation, adipogenesis, glucocorticoid receptor signalling, and multiple cytokine and chemokine pathways. Our systems biology approach identified highly conserved pathways across human and murine models that are likely to play a role in DPN pathogenesis and provide new possible mechanism-based targets for DPN therapy.
The potential of substance P to initiate and perpetuate cortical spreading depression (CSD) in rat in vivo
Authors: Richter Frank , Eitner Annett , Leuchtweis Johannes , Bauer Reinhard , Ebersberger Andrea , Lehmenkühler Alfred , Schaible Hans-Georg
Published: November 2018

The tachykinin substance P (SP) increases neuronal excitability, participates in homeostatic control, but induces brain oedema after stroke or trauma. We asked whether SP is able to induce cortical spreading depression (CSD) which often aggravates stroke-induced pathology. In anesthetized rats we applied SP (10−5, 10−6, 10−7, or 10−8 mol/L) to a restricted cortical area and recorded CSDs there and in remote non-treated areas using microelectrodes. SP was either applied in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF), or in aqua to perform a preconditioning. Plasma extravasation in cortical grey matter was assessed with Evans Blue. Only SP dissolved in aqua induced self-regenerating CSDs. SP dissolved in ACSF did not ignite CSDs even when excitability was increased by acetate-preconditioning. Aqua alone elicited as few CSDs as the lowest concentration of SP. Local pretreatment with 250 nmol/L of a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist prevented the SP-induced plasma extravasation, the initiation of CSDs by 10−5 mol/L SP diluted in aqua, and the initiation of CSDs by aqua alone, but did not suppress KCl-induced CSD. Thus neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists may be used to explore the involvement of SP in CSDs in clinical studies.
Human stem cells home to and repair laser-damaged trabecular meshwork in a mouse model
Authors: Yun Hongmin , Wang Yiwen , Zhou Yi , Kumar Ajay , Wang Ke , Sun Ming , Stolz Donna B. , Xia Xiaobo , Ethier C. Ross , Du Yiqin
Published: November 2018

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss, and reducing elevated intraocular pressure is currently the only effective clinical treatment. The trabecular meshwork is the main resistance site for aqueous outflow that maintains intraocular pressure. In this study, we transplanted human trabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs) intracamerally into mice that received laser photocoagulation over a 180° arc of the trabecular meshwork. TMSCs preferentially homed and integrated to the laser-damaged trabecular meshwork region and expressed differentiated cell markers at 2 and 4 weeks. Laser-induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses were prevented by TMSC transplantation with simultaneous ultrastructure and function restoration. Cell affinity and migration assays and elevated expression of CXCR4 and SDF1 in laser-treated mouse trabecular meshwork suggest that the CXCR4/SDF1 chemokine axis plays an important role in TMSC homing. Our results suggest that TMSCs may be a viable candidate for trabecular meshwork refunctionalization as a novel treatment for glaucoma.
Selective growth of palladium nanocrystals on the (100) facets of truncated octahedral Cu2O for UV plasmonic photocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Wei , Jiang Denghui , Xue Jianbin , Li Xinheng
Published: November 2018

Pd nanocrystals preferentially grown on the (100) facets of truncated octahedral Cu2O demonstrate a ca. 20-fold photocatalytic activity enhancement under UV light irradiation attributed to hot electron effects.
Transmembrane domain dimerization induces cholesterol rafts in curved lipid bilayers
Authors: Masone Diego , Bustos Diego M.
Published: November 2018

Are the dimerization of transmembrane (TM) domains and the reorganization of the lipid bilayer two independent events?
Ultrafiltration membrane fouling performance by mixtures with micromolecular and macromolecular organics
Authors: Gao Kuo , Li Tian , Liu Junxia , Dong Bingzhi , Chu Huaqiang
Published: November 2018

Ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by mixtures of micromolecules (humic acid, HA) and macromolecules (sodium alginate, SA) was studied in a comprehensive manner.
EOM-CC guide to Fock-space travel: the C2 edition
Authors: Gulania Sahil , Jagau Thomas-C. , Krylov Anna I.
Published: November 2018

Electronic structure calculations for C2, C2−, and C22− using the CC/EOM-CC family of methods. Results illustrate that EOM-CCSD provides an attractive alternative to MR approaches.
Facile fractionation of lignocelluloses by biomass-derived deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment for cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and lignin valorization
Authors: Shen Xiao-Jun , Wen Jia-Long , Mei Qing-Qing , Chen Xue , Sun Dan , Yuan Tong-Qi , Sun Run-Cang
Published: November 2018

A recyclable and green biomass-derived deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment was developed to deconstruct the recalcitrant structure ofEucalyptusfor further cellulose enzymatic saccharification and lignin valorization.
Application of hollow-fiber liquid microextraction coupled with a surfactant ion pair solvent for the study of acrylamide and glycidamide in high temperature processed medicinal plant materials
Authors: Chen Xin Jia , Sun Bing Jiang , Zhou Jun
Published: November 2018

A fresh hollow-fiber liquid microextraction coupled with surfactant ion pair solvent approach for the separation and extraction of acrylamide (AA) and glycidamide (GA) in high temperature processed medicinal plant materials (HTPMPMs) is described.
Polymer–metal coating for high contrast SEM cross sections at the deep nanoscale
Authors: Staaks Daniel , Olynick Deirdre L. , Rangelow Ivo W. , Altoe M. Virginia P.
Published: November 2018

A new composite sample preparation method for high contrast cross-sectional SEM imaging.
Controlling the dominant magnetic relaxation mechanisms for magnetic hyperthermia in bimagnetic core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Fabris Fernando , Lima Enio , De Biasi Emilio , Troiani Horacio E. , Vásquez Mansilla Marcelo , Torres Teobaldo E. , Fernández Pacheco Rodrigo , Ibarra M. Ricardo , Goya Gerardo F. , Zysler Roberto D. , Winkler Elin L.
Published: November 2018

The dominant magnetic relaxation mechanism can be controlled by changing the effective magnetic anisotropy in core/shell nanoparticles, preserving its magnetic saturation, size and morphology for hyperthermia experiments.
Inducing nematic ordering of cellulose nanofibers using osmotic dehydration
Authors: Guccini Valentina , Yu Shun , Agthe Michael , Gordeyeva Korneliya , Trushkina Yulia , Fall Andreas , Schütz Christina , Salazar-Alvarez Germán
Published: November 2018

The formation of nematically-ordered cellulose nanofiber (CNF) suspensions with an order parameter fmax ≈ 0.8 is studied by polarized optical microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological measurements as a function of CNF concentration.
Aqueous one-pot synthesis of epoxy-functional diblock copolymer worms from a single monomer: new anisotropic scaffolds for potential charge storage applications
Authors: Hatton Fiona L. , Park Albert M. , Zhang Yiren , Fuchs Gregory D. , Ober Christopher K. , Armes Steven P.
Published: November 2018

The one-pot synthesis of highly anisotropic epoxy-functional diblock copolymer worms is achieved directly in water using a single monomer (glycidyl methacrylate).
A novel approach to iron oxide separation from e-waste and bisphenol A detection in thermal paper receipts using recovered nanocomposites
Authors: Akilarasan Muthumariappan , Kogularasu Sakthivel , Chen Shen-Ming , Chen Tse-Wei , Lou Bih-Show
Published: November 2018

To promote sustainability, the effective reutilization of electronic waste and profitable recovery of valuable materials from e-scrap are essential.
PbII-catalyzed transformation of aromatic nitriles to heptanitrogen anionsviasodium azide: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Huang Rong-Yi , Zhang Chao , Yan Da , Xiong Zhi , Xu Heng , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: November 2018

Heptanitrogen anion: a chain of seven nitrogen atoms stabilized in a MOF has been isolated for the first time.
Long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 targets Wnt-7b to affect glioma progression via modulation of miR-410
Authors: Sun Wei-Li , Kang Tian , Wang Yuan-Yu , Sun Jian-Ping , Li Chen , Liu Hong-Jiang , Yang Yue , Jiao Bao-Hua
Published: November 2018

The present study was undertaken to investigate the underlying mechanisms of long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 via regulating miR-410 to modulate Wnt-7b in the progression of glioma. To address this problem, we measured the expression of OIP5-AS1 and miR-410 in glioma tissues by qRT-PCR. Glioma U87 cells were transfected with OIP5-AS1 siRNA or miR-410 inhibitors. The targeting relationships among miR-410, OIP5-AS1 and Wnt-7b were verified by luciferase reporter assays. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of Wnt-7b/β-catenin pathway-related proteins, while MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell assays and wound-healing assays were used to measure the biological characteristics of glioma cells. The results showed that OIP5-AS1 expression was higher and miR-410 was lower in glioma tissues. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed a targeting relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-410, as well as between miR-410 and Wnt-7b. Silencing OIP5-AS1 reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma U87 cells and led to depressed expression levels of miR-410, Wnt-7b, p-β-catenin, GSK-3β-pS9, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Furthermore, down-regulation of OIP5-AS1 induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of glioma cells. Inhibitors of miR-410 abolished the biological effects of OIP5-AS1 siRNA in glioma cells. In vivo, OIP5-AS1 knockdown also inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, this research suggested that silencing OIP5-AS1 may specifically block the Wnt-7b/β-catenin pathway via targeted up-regulating miR-410, thereby inhibiting growth, invasion and migration while promoting apoptosis in glioma cells.
The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
Authors: Díaz-Godínez César , Carrero Julio C.
Published: November 2018

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fibers associated with histones, enzymes from neutrophil granules and anti-microbial peptides. NETs are released in a process denominated NETosis, which involves sequential steps that culminate with the DNA extrusion. NETosis has been described as a new mechanism of innate immunity related to defense against different pathogens. The initial studies of NETs were carried out with bacteria and fungi, but currently a large variety of microorganisms capable of inducing NETs have been described including protozoan and helminth parasites. Nevertheless, we have little knowledge about how NETosis process is carried out in response to the parasites, and about its implication in the resolution of this kind of disease. In the best case, the NETs entrap and kill parasites in vitro, but in others, immobilize the parasites without affecting their viability. Moreover, insufficient studies on the NETs in animal models of infections that would help to define their role, and the association of NETs with chronic inflammatory pathologies such as those occurring in several parasitic infections have left open the possibility of NETs contributing to pathology instead of protection. In this review, we focus on the reported mechanisms that lead to NET release by protozoan and helminth parasites and the evidence that support the role of NETosis in the resolution or pathogenesis of parasitic diseases.
Wideband HMSIW‐based slotted antenna for wireless fidelity application
Authors: Chaturvedi Divya , Kumar Arvind , Raghavan Singaravelu
Published: November 2018

In this study, a wideband half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW)‐based cavity‐backed slot antenna is proposed for Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U‐NII, 5.180–5.825 GHz) band. To reduce the size of the antenna, an HMSIW backing cavity is used. An epsilon‐shaped radiating slot is etched on the top plane of the cavity to achieve a wide −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 13.2% (5.092–5.817 GHz). A planar exponential tapered feeding technique is used to excite the slot. A wideband is realised by coupling of hybrid mode, TM210 mode, and modified TM020 modes at the resonant frequencies of 5.2, 5.5, and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The size of the proposed design including a feeding network is 56 mm × 32 mm (1.4λg1 × 0.8λg1). The proposed design is fabricated and experimentally tested. The experimental results show gains of 6.6, 6, and 5.5 dBi and efficiencies of 91, 89, and 87% at the frequencies of 5.2, 5.5, and 5.8 GHz, respectively, with front‐to‐back ratio better than 15 dB. Moreover, the proposed antenna shows a unidirectional radiation pattern including the advantages of low‐profile and lightweight with planar integrity which makes the proposed antenna a favourable candidate for wireless fidelity application.
Identifying blue large-amplitude pulsators in the Galactic plane using Gaia DR2: a case study
Authors: Ramsay G.
Published: November 2018

Blue large-amplitude pulsators (BLAPs) are blue stars emitting high-amplitude (> 0.2 mag) pulsations on a timescale of a few tens of minutes. Recently discovered using OGLE data, they form a new class of variable star and have inspired a number of investigations searching for the origin of their pulsations. This short study presents the Gaia DR2 data for ten BLAPs for which parallax measurements are available. We have dereddened their colours using Gaia DR2 data from the stars in their immediate field and find that six show absolute magnitude and intrinsic colour consistent with expectations, whilst four stars have a less certain classification. This work highlights the extra information that Gaia DR2 data can provide to help classify those variable stars for which moderate-resolution optical spectra are not currently available. We also show how Gaia DR2 can make searches for BLAPs in wide-field high-cadence surveys more systematic and robust.
Sprachkompetenz fördern
Authors: Friedrich Anett , Morgenstern Ulrike
Published: November 2018

Ohne ausreichende Sprachkenntnisse ist es schwierig, eine Beziehung zu den
Pflegebedürftigen aufzubauen. Da die Zahl der Auszubildenden mit
Migrationsgeschichte in der Altenpflege steigt, stellt sich die Frage, wie ihre
sprachlichen Kompetenzen besser gefördert werden können. Eine Studie liefert
Antworten.
Do Food Intake and Food Cravings Change during the Menstrual Cycle of Young Women?
Authors: Souza Luciana Bronzi de , Martins Karine Anusca , Cordeiro Mariana Morais , Rodrigues Ymárdila de Souza , Rafacho Bruna Paola Murino , Bomfim Rafael Aiello
Published: November 2018

Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the anthropometric measures, food intake and food cravings during the menstrual cycle of undergraduate students of the faculty of nutrition.

Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with 27 students from a public university in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, who had their food intake evaluated through a 24-hour food recall, their nutritional status evaluated based on anthropometric measures, and food cravings evaluated using the Food Desire Questionnaire. Data were collected during an evaluation in the follicular phase (between the 5th and the 9th day of the menstrual cycle) and another in the luteal phase (LP) (between the 20th and the 25th day of the menstrual cycle). For food intake variables, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used, followed by the Tukey test. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the analysis of food cravings, considering a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05).

Results The desire for foods rich in sugar, salt, and fat, such as chocolate, pastries, snacks and desserts were higher (p < 0.05) during the premenstrual period, although it did not reflect neither a higher energy intake nor an alteration in the distribution of macronutrients. A higher intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and calcium was observed during the LP; however, without statistical difference between the groups. There were no differences either in the intake of any food group or in the anthropometric measurements (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Food cravings of nutrition students differed between the phases of the menstrual cycle; however, with no difference in food intake and in anthropometric measures.
Pulmonary Valve Prosthesis Endocarditis Caused By Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Kremer Jamila , Mutters Nico , Karck Matthias , Last Katharina
Published: November 2018

Background Coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative bacterium assigned to the family of Rickettsiaceae. Less than 1% of Q-fever infection leads to infective endocarditis (IE). Cases of reported pulmonary valve (PV) prosthesis endocarditis are scarce.

Case Description A patient with a PV prosthesis endocarditis caused by Coxiella burnetii was seeking asylum in Germany. Prosthesis replacement was performed. All obtained blood cultures showed no growth as well as microbiological cultures of the prosthetic valve tissue. A polymerase chain reaction analysis on the explanted prosthesis detected DNA of Coxiella spp.

Conclusion Diagnosing IE caused by Coxiella burnetii requires an interdisciplinary effort from both clinicians and microbiologists.
Invited Review Article: Photofragment imaging
Authors: Suits Arthur G.
Published: November 2018

Photodissociation studies in molecular beams that employ position-sensitive particle detection to map product recoil velocities emerged thirty years ago and continue to evolve with new laser and detector technologies. These powerful methods allow application of tunable laser detection of single product quantum states, simultaneous measurement of velocity and angular momentum polarization, measurement of joint product state distributions for the detected and undetected products, coincident detection of multiple product channels, and application to radicals and ions as well as closed-shell molecules. These studies have permitted deep investigation of photochemical dynamics for a broad range of systems, revealed new reaction mechanisms, and addressed problems of practical importance in atmospheric, combustion, and interstellar chemistry. This review presents an historical overview, a detailed technical account of the range of methods employed, and selected experimental highlights illustrating the capabilities of the method.