bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical switching of Ising-superconducting nonreciprocity for quantum neuronal transistor
Authors: Xiong Junlin , Xie Jiao , Cheng Bin , Dai Yudi , Cui Xinyu , Wang Lizheng , Liu Zenglin , Zhou Ji , Wang Naizhou , Xu Xianghan , Chen Xianhui , Cheong Sang-Wook , Liang Shi-Jun , Miao Feng
Published: June 2024

Nonreciprocal quantum transport effect is mainly governed by the symmetry breaking of the material systems and is gaining extensive attention in condensed matter physics. Realizing electrical switching of the polarity of the nonreciprocal transport without external magnetic field is essential to the development of nonreciprocal quantum devices. However, electrical switching of superconducting nonreciprocity remains yet to be achieved. Here, we report the observation of field-free electrical switching of nonreciprocal Ising superconductivity in Fe3GeTe2/NbSe2 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure. By taking advantage of this electrically switchable superconducting nonreciprocity, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept nonreciprocal quantum neuronal transistor, which allows for implementing the XOR logic gate and faithfully emulating biological functionality of a cortical neuron in the brain. Our work provides a promising pathway to realize field-free and electrically switchable nonreciprocity of quantum transport and demonstrate its potential in exploring neuromorphic quantum devices with both functionality and performance beyond the traditional devices.
Engineering viral vectors for acoustically targeted gene delivery
Authors: Li Hongyi R. , Harb Manwal , Heath John E. , Trippett James S. , Shapiro Mikhail G. , Szablowski Jerzy O.
Published: June 2024

Targeted gene delivery to the brain is a critical tool for neuroscience research and has significant potential to treat human disease. However, the site-specific delivery of common gene vectors such as adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) is typically performed via invasive injections, which limit its applicable scope of research and clinical applications. Alternatively, focused ultrasound blood-brain-barrier opening (FUS-BBBO), performed noninvasively, enables the site-specific entry of AAVs into the brain from systemic circulation. However, when used in conjunction with natural AAV serotypes, this approach has limited transduction efficiency and results in substantial undesirable transduction of peripheral organs. Here, we use high throughput in vivo selection to engineer new AAV vectors specifically designed for local neuronal transduction at the site of FUS-BBBO. The resulting vectors substantially enhance ultrasound-targeted gene delivery and neuronal tropism while reducing peripheral transduction, providing a more than ten-fold improvement in targeting specificity in two tested mouse strains. In addition to enhancing the only known approach to noninvasively target gene delivery to specific brain regions, these results establish the ability of AAV vectors to be evolved for specific physical delivery mechanisms.
Wnt-Ror-Dvl signalling and the dystrophin complex organize planar-polarized membrane compartments in C. elegans muscles
Authors: Peysson Alice , Zariohi Noura , Gendrel Marie , Chambert-Loir Amandine , Frébault Noémie , Cheynet Elise , Andrini Olga , Boulin Thomas
Published: June 2024

Cell polarity mechanisms allow the formation of specialized membrane domains with unique protein compositions, signalling properties, and functional characteristics. By analyzing the localization of potassium channels and proteins belonging to the dystrophin-associated protein complex, we reveal the existence of distinct planar-polarized membrane compartments at the surface of C. elegans muscle cells. We find that muscle polarity is controlled by a non-canonical Wnt signalling cascade involving the ligand EGL-20/Wnt, the receptor CAM-1/Ror, and the intracellular effector DSH-1/Dishevelled. Interestingly, classical planar cell polarity proteins are not required for this process. Using time-resolved protein degradation, we demonstrate that –while it is essentially in place by the end of embryogenesis– muscle polarity is a dynamic state, requiring continued presence of DSH-1 throughout post-embryonic life. Our results reveal the unsuspected complexity of the C. elegans muscle membrane and establish a genetically tractable model system to study cellular polarity and membrane compartmentalization in vivo.
Assessing elevated pressure impact on photoelectrochemical water splitting via multiphysics modeling
Authors: Liang Feng , van de Krol Roel , Abdi Fatwa F.
Published: June 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for sustainable hydrogen production. Previous studies have focused on devices operated at atmospheric pressure, although most applications require hydrogen delivered at elevated pressure. Here, we address this critical gap by investigating the implications of operating PEC water splitting directly at elevated pressure. We evaluate the benefits and penalties associated with elevated pressure operation by developing a multiphysics model that incorporates empirical data and direct experimental observations. Our analysis reveals that the operating pressure influences bubble characteristics, product gas crossover, bubble-induced optical losses, and concentration overpotential, which are crucial for the overall device performance. We identify an optimum pressure range of 6–8 bar for minimizing losses and achieving efficient PEC water splitting. This finding provides valuable insights for the design and practical implementation of PEC water splitting devices, and the approach can be extended to other gas-producing (photo)electrochemical systems. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of elevated pressure in PEC water splitting, enhancing the efficiency and applicability of green hydrogen generation.
Reactive P and S co-doped porous hollow nanotube arrays for high performance chloride ion storage
Authors: Xing Siyang , Liu Ningning , Li Qiang , Liang Mingxing , Liu Xinru , Xie Haijiao , Yu Fei , Ma Jie
Published: June 2024

Developing stable, high-performance chloride-ion storage electrodes is essential for energy storage and water purification application. Herein, a P, S co-doped porous hollow nanotube array, with a free ion diffusion pathway and highly active adsorption sites, on carbon felt electrodes (CoNiPS@CF) is reported. Due to the porous hollow nanotube structure and synergistic effect of P, S co-doped, the CoNiPS@CF based capacitive deionization (CDI) system exhibits high desalination capacity (76.1 mgCl– g–1), fast desalination rate (6.33 mgCl– g–1 min–1) and good cycling stability (capacity retention rate of > 90%), which compares favorably to the state-of-the-art electrodes. The porous hollow nanotube structure enables fast ion diffusion kinetics due to the swift ion transport inside the electrode and the presence of a large number of reactive sites. The introduction of S element also reduces the passivation layer on the surface of CoNiP and lowers the adsorption energy for Cl– capture, thereby improving the electrode conductivity and surface electrochemical activity, and further accelerating the adsorption kinetics. Our results offer a powerful strategy to improve the reactivity and stability of transition metal phosphides for chloride capture, and to improve the efficiency of electrochemical dechlorination technologies.
Moisture-enabled self-charging and voltage stabilizing supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Wang Haiyan , Wu Chunxiao , Bai Jiaxin , He Tiancheng , Li Yan , Cheng Huhu , Qu Liangti
Published: June 2024

Supercapacitor is highly demanded in emerging portable electronics, however, which faces frequent charging and inevitable rapid self-discharging of huge inconvenient. Here, we present a flexible moisture-powered supercapacitor (mp-SC) that capable of spontaneously moisture-enabled self-charging and persistently voltage stabilizing. Based on the synergy effect of moisture-induced ions diffusion of inner polyelectrolyte-based moist-electric generator and charges storage ability of inner graphene electrochemical capacitor, this mp-SC demonstrates the self-charged high areal capacitance of 138.3 mF cm−2 and ~96.6% voltage maintenance for 120 h. In addition, a large-scale flexible device of 72 mp-SC units connected in series achieves a self-charged 60 V voltage in air, efficiently powering various commercial electronics in practical applications. This work will provide insight into the design self-powered and ultra-long term stable supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.
Fault-tolerant connection of error-corrected qubits with noisy links
Authors: Ramette Joshua , Sinclair Josiah , Breuckmann Nikolas P. , Vuletić Vladan
Published: June 2024

One of the most promising routes toward scalable quantum computing is a modular approach. We show that distinct surface code patches can be connected in a fault-tolerant manner even in the presence of substantial noise along their connecting interface. We quantify analytically and numerically the combined effect of errors across the interface and bulk. We show that the system can tolerate 14 times higher noise at the interface compared to the bulk, with only a small effect on the code’s threshold and subthreshold behavior, reaching threshold with ~1% bulk errors and ~10% interface errors. This implies that fault-tolerant scaling of error-corrected modular devices is within reach using existing technology.
Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial
Authors: Sanyal Arun J. , Kaplan Lee M. , Frias Juan P. , Brouwers Bram , Wu Qiwei , Thomas Melissa K. , Harris Charles , Schloot Nanette C. , Du Yu , Mather Kieren J. , Haupt Axel , Hartman Mark L.
Published: June 2024

Retatrutide is a novel triple agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon receptors. A 48-week phase 2 obesity study demonstrated weight reductions of 22.8% and 24.2% with retatrutide 8 and 12 mg, respectively. The primary objective of this substudy was to assess mean relative change from baseline in liver fat (LF) at 24 weeks in participants from that study with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and ≥10% of LF. Here, in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants (n = 98) were randomly assigned to 48 weeks of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide (1, 4, 8 or 12 mg dose) or placebo. The mean relative change from baseline in LF at 24 weeks was −42.9% (1 mg), −57.0% (4 mg), −81.4% (8 mg), −82.4% (12 mg) and +0.3% (placebo) (all P < 0.001 versus placebo). At 24 weeks, normal LF (<5%) was achieved by 27% (1 mg), 52% (4 mg), 79% (8 mg), 86% (12 mg) and 0% (placebo) of participants. LF reductions were significantly related to changes in body weight, abdominal fat and metabolic measures associated with improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration is NCT04881760.
Preliminary clinical analysis and pathway study of S100A8 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Zeng Wenjie , Gao Yangyang , Wang Qitao , Chi Junyu , Zhu Ziyan , Diao Qingfei , Li Xin , Wang Zhen , Qu Ming , Shi Yongquan
Published: June 2024

Herein, we aimed to identify blood biomarkers that compensate for the poor specificity of D-dimer in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). S100A8 was identified by conducting protein microarray analysis of blood samples from patients with and without DVT. We used ELISA to detect S100A8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 expression levels in human blood and evaluated their correlations. Additionally, we employed human recombinant protein S100A8 to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells and examined the role of the TLR4/MAPK/VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 signaling axes in the pathogenic mechanism of S100A8. Simultaneously, we constructed a rat model of thrombosis induced by inferior vena cava stenosis and detected levels of S100A8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in the blood of DVT rats using ELISA. The associations of thrombus tissue, neutrophils, and CD68-positive cells with S100A8 and p38MAPK, TLR4, and VCAM-1 expression levels in vein walls were explored. The results revealed that blood S100A8 was significantly upregulated during the acute phase of DVT and activated p38MAPK expression by combining with TLR4 to enhance the expression and secretion of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of DVT. Therefore, S100A8 could be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and screening of DVT.
A nomogram for predicting hemorrhagic shock in pediatric patients with multiple trauma
Authors: Lin Nan , Jin Jingyi , Yang Sisi , Zhong Xiaohui , Zhang Hang , Ren Yichao , Tan Linhua , Xu Hongzhen , Ma Daqing , Tou Jinfa , Shu Qiang , Lai Dengming
Published: June 2024

The timely detection and management of hemorrhagic shock hold paramount importance in clinical practice. This study was designed to establish a nomogram that may facilitate early identification of hemorrhagic shock in pediatric patients with multiple-trauma. A retrospective study was conducted utilizing a cohort comprising 325 pediatric patients diagnosed with multiple-trauma, who received treatment at the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China. For external validation, an additional cohort of 144 patients from a children's hospital in Taizhou was included. The model's predictor selection was optimized through the application of the Least Absolute  Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Subsequently, a prediction nomogram was constructed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The performance and clinical utility of the developed model were comprehensively assessed utilizing various statistical metrics, including Harrell's Concordance Index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curve analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP), platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and injury severity score (ISS) as independent predictors for hemorrhagic shock. The nomogram constructed using these predictors demonstrated robust predictive capabilities, as evidenced by an impressive area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.963. The model's goodness-of-fit was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (χ2 = 10.023, P = 0.209). Furthermore, decision curve analysis revealed significantly improved net benefits with the model. External validation further confirmed the reliability of the proposed predictive nomogram. This study successfully developed a nomogram for predicting the occurrence of hemorrhagic shock in pediatric patients with multiple trauma. This nomogram may serve as an accurate and effective tool for timely and efficient management of children with multiple trauma.
Design and analysis of virtual impedance control scheme based on MESOGI for improving harmonic sharing of nonlinear loads
Authors: Kherbachi Abdelhammid , Bendib Ahmed , Chouder Aissa , Ahmed Hafiz , Benbouzid Mohamed , Motahhir Saad
Published: June 2024

Under the presence of nonlinear load, the most existing virtual impedance (VI) methods-based control solution performs poorly in reactive power sharing among droop-operated VSIs in microgrids (MGs). This may be due to the involved estimation techniques for extracting the current harmonics at selected frequencies, which suffer from either poor accuracy of the harmonic estimation and/or the effect of DC offset in the measurements. Such an issue may affect the performance of the virtual impedance control, hence, the system stability. To bridge this gap, the implementation of the virtual impedance based on multiple enhanced second-order generalized integrator (MESOGI) suitable for harmonics and DC-offset estimation/rejection, is proposed in this paper. The MESOGI can offer an accurate estimation of the current quadrature components free from DC offset at selected frequencies, required to implement the virtual impedance control. Therefore, it makes the designed virtual impedance-based control scheme robust to voltage distortions, immune to DC disturbance, and capable of sharing properly the power harmonics. As a result, this may contribute to improving the reactive and harmonic power-sharing between droop-controlled VSIs within an islanded MG. The modeling of the MESOGI scheme and its performance investigation is carried out. In addition, the mathematical model of the implemented virtual impedance is derived. Further, analysis based on the obtained model of the equivalent output impedance including virtual impedance is established to study its effect. Simulation and experimental tests are performed to prove the effectiveness of the control proposal in improving the reactive power sharing under nonlinear load operating conditions.
Modulation of macrophage transcript and secretion profiles by Sargassum Serratifolium extract is associated with the suppression of muscle atrophy
Authors: Ryu Heeyeon , Jeong Hyeon Hak , Kim Myeong-Jin , Lee Seungjun , Jung Won-Kyo , Lee Bonggi
Published: June 2024

Recent research has emphasized the role of macrophage-secreted factors on skeletal muscle metabolism. We studied Sargassum Serratifolium ethanol extract (ESS) in countering lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in the macrophage transcriptome and their impact on skeletal muscle. Macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) from LPS-treated macrophages (LPS-MCM) and ESS-treated macrophages (ESS-MCM) affected C2C12 myotube cells. LPS-MCM upregulated muscle atrophy genes and reduced glucose uptake, while ESS-MCM reversed these effects. RNA sequencing revealed changes in the immune system and cytokine transport pathways in ESS-treated macrophages. Protein analysis in ESS-MCM showed reduced levels of key muscle atrophy-related proteins, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and GDF-15. These proteins play crucial roles in muscle function. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between the macrophage transcriptome and their secreted factors in either impairing or enhancing skeletal muscle function. ESS treatment has the potential to reduce macrophage-derived cytokines, preserving skeletal muscle function.
A natural loss-of-function deletion of the cytohesin 1 (Cyth1) gene in BALB/cByJ mice does not impact cardiomyocyte polyploidy
Authors: Song Ruolan , Watanabe Hirofumi , Tjen Kelsey , Westbury Baylee C. , Makita Takako , Tao Ge , Sucov Henry M.
Published: June 2024

Mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) mostly become polyploid shortly after birth. Because this feature may relate to several aspects of heart biology, including regeneration after injury, the mechanisms that cause polyploidy are of interest. BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice are highly related sister strains that diverge substantially in CM ploidy. We identified a large deletion in the Cyth1 gene that arose uniquely in BALB/cByJ mice that creates a null allele. The deletion also results in ectopic transcription of the downstream gene Dnah17, although this transcript is unlikely to encode a protein. By evaluating the natural null allele from BALB/cByJ and an engineered knockout allele in the C57BL/6J background, we determined that absence of Cyth1 does not by itself influence CM ploidy. The ready availability of BALB/cByJ mice may be helpful to other investigations of Cyth1 in other biological processes.
Heterogeneous gene expression during early arteriovenous fistula remodeling suggests that downregulation of metabolism predicts adaptive venous remodeling
Authors: Ohashi Yuichi , Protack Clinton D. , Aoyagi Yukihiko , Gonzalez Luis , Thaxton Carly , Zhang Weichang , Kano Masaki , Bai Hualong , Yatsula Bogdan , Alves Rafael , Hoshina Katsuyuki , Schneider Eric B. , Long Xiaochun , Perry Rachel J. , Dardik Alan
Published: June 2024

Clinical outcomes of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis remain inadequate since biological mechanisms of AVF maturation and failure are still poorly understood. Aortocaval fistula creation (AVF group) or a sham operation (sham group) was performed in C57BL/6 mice. Venous limbs were collected on postoperative day 7 and total RNA was extracted for high throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Genes in metabolic pathways were significantly downregulated in the AVF, whereas significant sex differences were not detected. Since gene expression patterns among the AVF group were heterogenous, the AVF group was divided into a ‘normal’ AVF (nAVF) group and an ‘outliers’ (OUT) group. The gene expression patterns of the nAVF and OUT groups were consistent with previously published data showing venous adaptive remodeling, whereas enrichment analyses showed significant upregulation of metabolism, inflammation and coagulation in the OUT group compared to the nAVF group, suggesting the heterogeneity during venous remodeling reflects early gene expression changes that may correlate with AVF maturation or failure. Early detection of these processes may be a translational strategy to predict fistula failure and reduce patient morbidity.
Convolutional neural network application for supply–demand matching in Zhuang ethnic clothing image classification
Authors: Ji Jingyi , Lao Yonghua , Huo Lei
Published: June 2024

This study aims to design a classification technique suitable for Zhuang ethnic clothing images by integrating the concept of supply–demand matching and convolutional neural networks. Firstly, addressing the complex structure and unique visual style of Zhuang ethnic clothing, this study proposes an image resolution model based on supply–demand matching and convolutional networks. By integrating visual style and label constraints, this model accurately extracts local features. Secondly, the model’s effectiveness and resolution performance are analyzed through various performance metrics in experiments. The results indicate a significant improvement in detection accuracy at different annotation points. The model outperforms other comparative methods in pixel accuracy (90.5%), average precision (83.7%), average recall (80.1%), and average F1 score (81.2%). Next, this study introduces a clothing image classification algorithm based on key points and channel attention. Through key point detection and channel attention mechanisms, image features are optimized, enabling accurate classification and attribute prediction of Zhuang ethnic clothing. Experimental results demonstrate a notable enhancement in category classification and attribute prediction, with classification accuracy and recall exceeding 90% in top-k tasks, showcasing outstanding performance. In conclusion, this study provides innovative approaches and effective solutions for deep learning classification of Zhuang ethnic clothing images.
Construction and validation of a new Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire
Authors: Timoszyk-Tomczak Celina , Próchniak Piotr
Published: June 2024

The article presents a proposal for a new diagnostic tool—the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The Generational Time Perspective was defined as a cognitive-affective representation of the future in relation to the lives of a generation of people that the current generation of people will not live to see. This definition was the starting point for the construction of the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate a two-factor structure of the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The first factor includes items about the cognitive representation of the future in the next generations. The second factor describes negative emotions towards the problems that humanity may face in future generations. The reliability of the particular dimensions of the questionnaire is satisfactory. The Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire correlates with other constructs that diagnose different aspects of an individual’s temporality.
A new lightweight network for efficient UAV object detection
Authors: Hua Wei , Chen Qili , Chen Wenbai
Published: June 2024

Optimizing the structure of deep neural networks is essential in many applications. Especially in the object detection tasks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Due to the constraints of the onboard platform, a more efficient network is required to meet practical demands. Nevertheless, existing lightweight detection networks exhibit excessive redundant computations and may yield in a certain level of accuracy loss. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new lightweight network structure named Cross-Stage Partially Deformable Network (CSPDNet). The initial proposal consists of a Deformable Separable Convolution Block (DSCBlock), separating feature channels, greatly reducing the computational load of convolution, and applying adaptive sampling to the separated feature map. Subsequently, to establish information interaction between feature layers, a channel weighting module is proposed. This module calculates weights for the separated feature map, facilitating information exchange across channels and resolutions. Moreover, it compensates for the effect of point-wise (1$$\times$$×1) convolutions, filtering out more important feature information. Furthermore, a new CSPDBlock is designed, primarily composed of DSCBlock, establishing multidimensional feature correlations for each separated feature layer. This approach improves the ability to capture critical feature information and reconstruct gradient paths, thereby preserving detection accuracy. The proposed technology achieves a balance between model parameter size and detection accuracy. Furthermore, experimental results on object detection datasets demonstrate that our designed network, using fewer parameters, achieves competitive detection performance results compared to existing lightweight networks YOLOv5n, YOLOv6n, YOLOv8n, NanoDet and PP-PicoDet. The optimization effect of the designed CSPDBlock, using the VisDrone dataset, is validated when incorporated into advanced detection algorithms YOLOv5m, PPYOLOEm, YOLOv7, RTMDetm and YOLOv8m. In more detail, by incorporating the designed modules it was achieved that the parameters were reduced by 10–20% while almost maintaining detection accuracy.
Prediction and design optimization of mechanical properties for rubber fertilizer hose reinforced with helically wrapped nylon
Authors: Wang Mengfan , Zhang Lixin , Fu Changxin
Published: June 2024

Predicting and optimizing the mechanical performance of the helically wound nylon-reinforced rubber fertilizer hose (HWNR hose) is crucial for enhancing the performance of hose pumps. This study aims to enhance the service life of HWNR hoses and the efficiency of liquid fertilizer transport. First, a finite element simulation model and a mathematical model were established to analyze the influence of fiber layer arrangement on the maximum shear strain on the coaxial surface (MSS) and the reaction force on the extrusion roller (RF). For the first time, the Crested Porcupine Optimizer algorithm was used to improve the Generalized Regression Neural Network (CPO-GRNN) method to establish a surrogate model for predicting the mechanical properties of HWNR hoses, and it was compared with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results showed CPO-GRNN's superiority in handling complex nonlinear problems. Finally, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was employed for optimization design. Compared to the original HWNR hose with an MSS of 0.906 and an RF of 30,376N, the optimized design reduced the MSS by 7.99% and increased the RF by 2.46%, significantly enhancing their service life and liquid fertilizer transport capacity. However, further research on fatigue damage is needed.
Research on temperature detection method of liquor distilling pot feeding operation based on a compressed algorithm
Authors: LIU Xiaolian , Gong Shaopeng , Hua Xiangxu , Chen Taotao , Zhao Chunjiang
Published: June 2024

In the process of feeding the distilling bucket after vapor detection, the existing methods can only realize the lag detection after the steam overflow, and can not accurately detect the location of the steam, etc. At the same time, in order to effectively reduce the occupancy of the computational resources and improve the deployment performance, this study established infrared image dataset of fermented grains surface, and fused the YOLO v5n and the knowledge distillation and the model pruning algorithms, and an lightweight method YOLO v5ns-DP was proposed as as a model for detecting temperature changes in the surface layer of fermented grains during the process of feeding the distilling. The experimental results indicated that the improvement makes YOLOv5n improve its performance in all aspects. The number of parameters, GLOPs and model size of YOLO v5ns-DP have been reduced by 28.6%, 16.5%, and 26.4%, respectively, and the mAP has been improved by 0.6. Therefore, the algorithm is able to predict in advance and accurately detect the location of the liquor vapor, which effectively improves the precision and speed of the detection of the temperature of the surface fermented grains , and well completes the real-time detecting task.
The trajectory of smoking cessation after treatment and its related factors in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chia-Hong , Wang Cing-Ya , Chen Kuan-Fen , Chiu Shu-Pi , Huang Wan-Ting , Fan Sheng-Yu
Published: June 2024

Smoking has multiple negative effects on health; therefore, the Taiwanese government provides smoking cessation clinics to smokers. This study aimed to explore the trajectory of smoking cessation after smokers received treatment and the variables related to different trajectories. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted, in which 735 adult smokers who received smoking cessation medications were recruited. The participants’ demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, smoking characteristics, and cigarette dependence were collected from chart review. The amount of smoking was collected at baseline, and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. The Proc Traj procedure for group-based modeling and multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Three trajectories were identified: early quitters (28.03%), late quitters (11.43%) and reducers (60.54%). Compared with early quitters, reducers were younger and had a higher probability of severe cigarette dependence. Compared with early quitters, late quitters had a higher number of taking smoking cessation medications. The findings revealed that approximately 60% of participants who received smoking cessation treatment could not completely quit smoking, and that age, number of medications taken, and cigarette dependence were significant predictors of different trajectories.
A multimodal multitask deep learning framework for vibrotactile feedback and sound rendering
Authors: Joolee Joolekha Bibi , Uddin Md Azher
Published: June 2024

Data-driven approaches are often utilized to model and generate vibrotactile feedback and sounds for rigid stylus-based interaction. Nevertheless, in prior research, these two modalities were typically addressed separately due to challenges related to synchronization and design complexity. To this end, we introduce a novel multimodal multitask deep learning framework. In this paper, we developed a comprehensive end-to-end data-driven system that encompasses the capture of contact acceleration signals and sound data from various texture surfaces. This framework introduces novel encoder-decoder networks for modeling and rendering vibrotactile feedback through an actuator while routing sound to headphones. The proposed encoder-decoder networks incorporate stacked transformers with convolutional layers to capture both local variability and overall trends within the data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply transformer-based data-driven approach for modeling and rendering of vibrotactile signals as well as sounds during tool-surface interactions. In numerical evaluations, the proposed framework demonstrates a lower RMS error compared to state-of-the-art models for both vibrotactile signals and sound data. Additionally, subjective similarity evaluation also confirm the superiority of proposed method over state-of-the-art.
Biomarkers for ideal protein: rabbit diet metabolomics varying key amino acids
Authors: Marín-García Pablo Jesús , Llobat Lola , Cambra-López María , Blas Enrique , Larsen Torben , Pascual Juan José , Hedemann Mette Skou
Published: June 2024

With the main aim of identifying biomarkers that contribute to defining the concept of ideal protein in growing rabbits under the most diverse conditions possible this work describes two different experiments. Experiment 1: 24 growing rabbits are included at 56 days of age. The rabbits are fed ad libitum one of the two experimental diets only differing in lysine levels. Experiment 2: 53 growing rabbits are included at 46 days of age, under a fasting and eating one of the five experimental diets, with identical chemical composition except for the three typically limiting amino acids (being fed commercial diets ad libitum in both experiments). Blood samples are taken for targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis. Here we show that the metabolic phenotype undergoes alterations when animals experience a rapid dietary shift in the amino acid levels. While some of the differential metabolites can be attributed directly to changes in specific amino acids, creatinine, urea, hydroxypropionic acid and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid are suggested as a biomarker of amino acid imbalances in growing rabbits’ diets, since its changes are not attributable to a single amino acid. The fluctuations in their levels suggest intricate amino acid interactions. Consequently, we propose these metabolites as promising biomarkers for further research into the concept of the ideal protein using rabbit as a model.
Unveiling universal aspects of the cellular anatomy of the brain
Authors: Ansell Helen S. , Kovács István A.
Published: June 2024

Recent cellular-level volumetric brain reconstructions have revealed high levels of anatomic complexity. Determining which structural aspects of the brain to focus on, especially when comparing with computational models and other organisms, remains a major challenge. Here we quantify aspects of this complexity and show evidence that brain anatomy satisfies universal scaling laws, establishing the notion of structural criticality in the cellular structure of the brain. Our framework builds upon understanding of critical systems to provide clear guidance in selecting informative structural properties of cellular brain anatomy. As an illustration, we obtain estimates for critical exponents in the human, mouse and fruit fly brains and show that they are consistent between organisms, to the extent that data limitations allow. Such universal quantities are robust to many of the microscopic details of the cellular structures of individual brains, providing a key step towards generative computational models of the cellular structure of the brain, and also clarifying in which sense one animal may be a suitable anatomic model for another.
Nonuniform response of vegetation phenology to daytime and nighttime warming in urban areas
Authors: Kim JiHyun , Sohn Soyoung , Wang Zhuosen , Kim Yeonjoo
Published: June 2024

The phenological response of vegetation to changing climates requires exploration across environments, including urban areas with elevated daytime and nighttime temperatures (TD and TN) and artificial lights. Here, we analyzed multiple remotely-sensed datasets (2012–2021) from and around a highly-urbanized area, Seoul, in South Korea. While the urban fraction and artificial lights largely contributed to advancing the start-of-season (SOS) and delaying the end-of-season (EOS) (30.7–42.1%), SOS changes were more driven by TD (15.7%), whereas EOS changes were more attributed to TN (21.8%). A higher response of the SOS to TD was found in more urbanized areas with higher artificial lights, while the sensitivity of the EOS to TN increased in brighter areas during nighttime. These findings indicate that vegetation’s response to rising temperatures will become dynamic, given the potential constraints by light and other attributes, calling for further assessments of its implication for terrestrial ecosystems and carbon cycle.
Biomolecular condensates with complex architectures via controlled nucleation
Authors: Erkamp Nadia A. , Verwiel Madelief A. M. , Qian Daoyuan , Sneideris Tomas , Spaepen Frans A. , Weitz David A. , van Hest Jan C. M. , Knowles Tuomas P. J.
Published: June 2024

The structure and function of biomolecular condensates are closely related. However, many studies and applications of this relationship are prevented because controlling the mesoscale architecture of condensates can be difficult. Here we introduce a way to create custom multiphase architectures by nucleating new droplets in condensates. This nucleation occurs due to limited diffusion in the dense condensates and a composition change forced upon the system by changing the experimental conditions. The designed architectures are transient states created out of equilibrium. We provide a detailed method for understanding and designing a range of condensate architectures. Access to these long-lived complex architectures will enable researchers to incorporate increasingly sophisticated compartmentalization and functionality in condensates. This general strategy for creating complex structured condensates out of equilibrium may also provide insights into the structure of condensates in cells.
Alterations of the peptidomic composition of peripheral plasma after portal hypertension correction by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Bagarolo Giulia Ilaria , Bhargava Shruti , Schierwagen Robert , Gu Wenyi , Jankowski Vera , Soppert Josefin , Barzakova Emona , Cascone Federica , Tyc Olaf , Kuhl Christiane , Noels Heidi , Trebicka Jonel , Jankowski Joachim
Published: June 2024

Portal hypertension develops in patients with advanced chronic liver diseases (CLD), especially cirrhosis and is associated with complications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites resulting in high mortality. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a treatment option for portal hypertension, aiming to decrease portal venous pressure by establishing an artificial passage for blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver vein. This study focuses on the differences in the molecular composition of plasma samples from patients with portal hypertension before and after TIPS intervention to identify and characterise potential mediators influencing gut-liver cross-talk. The plasma of 23 patients displaying advanced CLD with portal hypertension was collected from peripheral veins before and after TIPS treatment and analysed using a well-established non-targeted chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) approach. Sialomucin core protein 24(CD164)(160–180), meckelin(99-118), Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase(MLL3)(3019-3045) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5(TRPV5)(614-630) were identified to be downregulated after the TIPS treatment. In addition, the metabolites 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF), uric acid, dopamine, homoarginine, leucylproline and 5-methyluridine were significantly decreased after TIPS, whereas one yet unidentified low molecular-weight metabolite showed an increase after the medical procedure. In conclusion, these substances are novel potential biomarkers for portal hypertension in patients with CLD, with mechanistic clues of involvement in regulating pathological gut-liver cross-talk.
Recent advances in rational design for high-performance potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yifan , Du Yichen , Chen Han , Chen Jing , Ding Tangjing , Sun Dongmei , Kim Dong Ha , Lin Zhiqun , Zhou Xiaosi
Published: June 2024

Recent progress in rational structural regulation for high-efficiency potassium-ion batteries is reviewed.
Development of a simple and rapid EDXRF method for quantification of ZrO2 and HfO2 in aqueous and organic process stream solutions generated from a zirconium extraction facility
Authors: Balaji Rao Y. , NVMS Gupta S. , V. Nagendra Kumar P. , Srivastava Dinesh
Published: June 2024

The present work highlights the customization of an EDXRF analyzer with a specially designed sample cell/holder to facilitate analysis of aqueous/organic process sample solutions with wide concentration range from a zirconium extraction facility.
Photocatalytic degradation of RhB in wastewater by zinc ion-doped Bi5O7I
Authors: Gao Ran , Lin Wensong , Zhang Yeheng , Mai Xin , Chen Junnan , Lin Huanxia
Published: June 2024

Bi5O7I doped with Zn2+ (Zn2+/Bi5O7I) was prepared using a precipitation calcination method.
First report on the electrooxidation of vinpocetine using a modification free sensing platform: application to pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Silva Lima Adriano Rogerio , Rodrigues Gabriel Chitolina , Rezende Rodrigues Alan Carlos , Vanoni Caio Raphael , Micke Gustavo Amadeu , Caramori Giovanni Finoto , Affeldt Ricardo Ferreira , Nagurniak Glaucio Régis , Jost Cristiane Luisa
Published: June 2024

Pioneering investigation into the electrochemical behavior of vinpocetine using modification free sensing platform. Validation was performed using the reference method based on HPLC DAD. Application to pharmaceutical formulations with selectivity.
Kaolinite-mediated synthesis of ultra-small silver nanoparticles with high antimicrobial activity
Authors: Qu Menghan , Yu Menghan , Liao Tianqi , Yang Huaming
Published: June 2024

Ultra-small silver nanoparticles loaded on the surface of kaolinite were successfully prepared in large batches by a dry-process, exhibiting excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial ability and wound-healing promoting abilities.
Ni2P active site ensembles tune electrocatalytic nitrate reduction selectivity
Authors: Nishiwaki Emily , Rice Peter S. , Kuo Ding-Yuan , Dou Florence Y. , Pyka Anthony , Reid Bryce , Nguyen Hao A. , Stuve Eric M. , Raugei Simone , Cossairt Brandi M.
Published: June 2024

Intrinsic active site ensembles on Ni2P nanocrystal surfaces direct the selective reduction of nitrate to ammonia through the potential-dependent co-adsorption of H* and NOx*.
Controllable construction of ZIF-derived Co9S8 hollow polyporous polyhedrons with Ru-doping for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Ying-Xu , Fan Li-Bing , Wu Hao-Hao , Wang Liang-Jie , Yang Liu-Xi , Huang Ke-Jing
Published: June 2024

Ru-doped Co9S8 hollow porous polyhedrons derived from ZIFs possess superior HER performance.
Machine learning-aided engineering of a cytochrome P450 for optimal bioconversion of lignin fragments
Authors: Dias Artur Hermano Sampaio , Cao Yuanxin , Skaf Munir S. , de Visser Sam P.
Published: June 2024

Using molecular dynamics, machine learning, and density functional theory calculations we make predictions on engineered cytochrome P450 structures and their product distributions.
The windmill, the dragon, and the frog: geometry control over the spectral, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of cobalt phthalocyanine regioisomers
Authors: Tkachenko Nikolai , Golovanov Viacheslav , Penni Aleksandr , Vesamäki Sami , Ajayakumar M. R. , Muranaka Atsuya , Kobayashi Nagao , Efimov Alexander
Published: June 2024

Non-aggregating phthalocyanine cobalt complexes were prepared as a set of resolved positional isomers. The three regioisomers show highly resolved paramagnetic NMR spectra and remarkable differences in their optical and electrochemical properties.
Dislocation phenomena described with free volume concept and Eyring's rate process theory
Authors: Hao Tian , Hao Ting
Published: June 2024

Experimental data are fitted with newly derived equations for ceramics, metals, and alloys, and excellent agreements are obtained.
Quantifying the drivers and heterogeneity of global total precipitable water
Authors: Maishal S.
Published: June 2024

Total precipitable water (TPW) is a key player in the global water cycle, shaping our climate and impacting extreme weather phenomena such as tropical storms and monsoons.
Clove essential oil emulsions-loaded arrowroot starch-beeswax-based edible coating extends the shelf life and preserves the postharvest quality of fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) stored at room temperature
Authors: Lakshan Nimesh Dileesha , Senanayake Chathuri M. , Liyanage Thushari , Lankanayaka Ahinsa
Published: June 2024

The study demonstrates the efficacy of natural bioactive coatings in enhancing the quality, reducing the microbial load, extending the shelf life, and preserving the bioactive compounds of tomatoes.
Spectral stability improvement in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on an image auxiliary data preprocessing method
Authors: Chen Guanghui , Zheng Peichao , Wang Jinmei , Li Biao , Liu Xufeng , Yang Zhi , Sun Zhicheng , Tian Hongwu , Dong Daming , Guo Lianbo
Published: June 2024

The laser-induced plasma spectra and images are simultaneously obtained for high precise element composition detection.
The luminous frontier: transformative NIR-IIa fluorescent polymer dots for deep-tissue imaging
Authors: Lawrance Richardson , Chowdhury Partha , Lin Hong-Cheu , Chan Yang-Hsiang
Published: June 2024

The utilization of NIR-IIa Pdots has addressed critical limitations in deep-tissue imaging in the NIR-IIa region by utilizing the advantages of reduced light scattering, diminished autofluorescence, and decreased light absorption by biospecies.
Hydrophobized lignin nanoparticle-stabilized Pickering foams: building blocks for sustainable lightweight porous materials
Authors: Zou Tao , Kimiaei Erfan , Madani Zahra , Karaaslan Muzaffer A. , Vapaavuori Jaana , Foster Johan , Renneckar Scott , Österberg Monika
Published: June 2024

CTAB-hydrophobized lignin nanoparticles for durable Pickering foam formation with cellulose nanofibrils as templates for lightweight porous materials.
Mechano-synthesis of a AgSrFeO3 catalyst for epoxidation of ethylene in a chemical looping set-up
Authors: Damba Chawangwa , Beas Isaac N. , Mapolelo Mmilili M. , Darkwa James , Marek E. J.
Published: June 2024

The catalyst AgSrFeO3(imp), used in chemical looping epoxidation of ethylene-to-ethylene oxide (EtO), is usually synthesised via a conventional impregnation method.
Mechanochemical transformation of tetraaryl[3]cumulenes to benzofulvenes via electrophilic iodocyclization
Authors: Yagishita Fumitoshi , Mukai Shoma , Abe Sota , Ueta Shoko , Yoshida Yasushi , Arakawa Yukihiro , Minagawa Keiji , Imada Yasushi
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate solvent-free mechanochemical iodocyclization of tetraaryl[3]cumulenes using N-iodosuccinimides as the first example of the molecular transformation of cumulenes based on mechanochemistry.
A one-pot ultrasound-assisted regio and stereoselective synthesis of indenoquinoxaline engrafted spiropyrrolidines
Authors: Bokam Ramesh , Munipalle Kiran , Appa Rao Annam S. Ch. V. , Gundoju Narayanarao , Raju Chowhan L. , Ponnapalli Mangala Gowri
Published: June 2024

We have demonstrated a catalyst free ultrasound-assisted multicomponent synthesis of highly regio and stereoselective spiropyrrolidines containing the indenoquinoxaline moiety via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy.
BEDT-TTF radical-cation salts with tris(oxalato)chromate and guest additives
Authors: Blundell Toby J. , Ogar Joseph O. , Brannan Michael J. , Rusbridge Elizabeth K. , Wallis John D. , Akutsu Hiroki , Nakazawa Yasuhiro , Imajo Shusaku , Martin Lee
Published: June 2024

We present three new additions to the family β′′-(BEDT-TTF)4[(A)Cr(C2O4)3]·guest with the guest molecules toluene, phenol, or salicylaldehyde. These new guests are liquid or solid additives within the electrocrystallisation medium.
Quantitative analysis of sweat evaporation loss in epidermal microfluidic patches
Authors: Wei Lei , Zhou Jingjing , Li Zhen , Zhu Hui , Wu Huaping , Zhu Yong , Liu Aiping
Published: June 2024

This study analyzes the mechanisms of sweat evaporation loss in epidermal microfluidic patches, derives the quantity of sweat loss, verifies the theoretical calculations by experiments, and discusses the structure design of the anti-evaporation.