bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Assessment of the Prospects for the Use of Raw Materials in Ceramic Production
Authors: Gurieva Victoria A. , Ilyina Anastasia A. , Doroshin Aleksandr V.
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the results of analyzing the prospects of using clay raw materials in a composition with metallurgical slags for the production of ceramic products. The results of the analysis of the chemical and mineralogical properties of clay from the Khalilovsky deposit in the Orenburg region and nickel slags from the dumps of the South Ural Nickel Combine are presented. The studies were carried out using X-ray fluorescence and differential thermal analysis methods. The article presents the performed X-ray and derivatograms of slag and clay and the features of the experimental types of raw materials revealed during their analysis. The connection between the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the experimental clay and slags on the technological properties of finished ceramic products has been theoretically established. The use of XRF and DTA to study the characteristics of plastic and non-plastic raw materials made it possible at the first stages of the experiment to reject materials that were unsatisfactory in properties for the production of ceramic products, which contributes to the optimization of experiments, rational consumption of costs of newly mined clay raw materials.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Noble Metal Nanoparticles in Voltammetry
Authors: Perevezentseva D.O. , Gorchakov Eduard V.
Published: May 2021

Portable electrochemical sensors based on noble metal nanoparticles (МеNPs) for the quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine, methionine, glutathione) are discussed. These sensors have high sensitivity (pM), with low sample requirements (<50 μl). This article discusses methods for producing sensors based on silver and gold nanoparticles and their application in voltammetry. It is shown that the sensitivity of H2O2determination on a sensor based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) depends on their size. Their size is determined by the reducing agent. Sensors based on AgNPs of spherical shape with the smallest size from 0.5 to 17.5 nm have the highest sensitivity for determining H2O2, but a narrow range of determined concentrations. Sensors on medium-sized AgNPs have optimal metrological characteristics. Their size is from 10 to 55 nm, less sensitive, but with a wide range of determined concentrations from 0.1 to 1 nm H2O2. The linearity of the range of glutathione concentrations is 1.0-10.0 pM. The linearity of the range of determined concentrations of methionine is 1–26 рМ.
Modeling of the Process of Drying and Coalescing Nanodispersion Spreading
Authors: Mordasov D.M. , Mordasov M.D.
Published: May 2021

The spreading process of drying and coalescing nanodispersion was simulated using the method of analogies. A mathematical description of the energy processes in the proposed physical model was obtained in the form of a system of differential equations of the first order. A transition function that describes the dynamics of the change in the contact angle when the nanodispersion drop spreads was obtained as a result of solving the system of differential equations. The physical meaning of the transition function coefficients was established. Based on the analysis of the ratio of the transition function coefficients, a theoretical justification for the results of experiments on choosing the optimal amount of desiccant introduced into styrene-acrylic nanodispersion was given.
Finite-Element Simulation of Steckel Mill Rolling
Authors: Kurpe Oleksandr H. , Kukhar Volodymyr V. , Klimov Eduard S.
Published: May 2021

In the paper the research has been performed to obtain the stress distribution through the thickness of the rolled products along the deformation zone in the conditions of roughing rolling and in the conditions of quasi-stationary temperature distribution during finishing rolling at the Steckel mill. The research has been performed by the simulation based on the Abaqus CAE 6.14-2 software and analytical modeling of the hot rolling process of coils at the Steckel mill with dimensions of 15 mm × 1500 mm, made of steel grade S355JR+AR, according to the requirements of EN 10025-2. The obtained deviations of the rolling force between simulation, analytical modeling and actual data have comparable results and a similar trend of changes through the passes, the average value of which does not exceed 1.54 % and - 1.77 %. The beginning of the continuous layer formation of equivalent stress during roughing rolling has been determined, and, accordingly, the beginning of the deformation penetration through the entire thickness of the semi-rolled product has been also determined that occurs in the pass 6 when reduction equals 14 %.
Generalized Susceptibility of Mixed Dislocation in Ferroelastics near Structural Phase Transition
Authors: Dezhin V.V.
Published: May 2021

Bending vibrations of a mixed dislocation in ferroelastics near structural phase transition were considered. It was assumed that the dislocation line performs small bending vibrations near equilibrium position. Complete system of equations describing the vibrations of a mixed dislocation near the structural phase transition is written. Based on these set of equations describing the vibrations of a crystal with a dislocation near the structural phase transition, written equations for dynamics of the mixed dislocation in linear approximation of dislocation displacement. Fourier transform of these equations is satisfied. Expression for Peach-Kohler force acting on the dislocation is obtained, and linear response function (generalized susceptibility) of the mixed dislocation in ferroelastics is found.
The Problem of Stretching a Hollow Cylinder
Authors: Kozlova O.V. , Gordin S.A. , Zaychenko I.V.
Published: May 2021

The problem of uniaxial tension of a hollow cylinder made of a rigid-plastic material is considered. Within the framework of the theory of an ideal rigid-plastic body, this problem has many solutions. Based on the Strain-Energy Criteria of choosing the preferred solution, this problem can be solved unambiguously.
Deformation of Steel-Reinforced Concrete Round Thin Slabs Taking into Account the Compliance of the Support Contour
Authors: Razzokov Kh.S.
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the governing equations of bending of nonlinearly deformable, axisymmetrically loaded round, thin reinforced concrete and steel concrete slabs, taking into account the work of a non-deformable and pliable support contour. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete and steel-concrete slabs under short-term and long-term loadings was estimated. The nature of stress state is revealed in the stages of cracking and destruction of plates. The work of the slabs in the field of elastic, elastoplastic and plastic stages of work is estimated. Using the method of limiting equilibrium, a method for calculating steel-concrete slabs for strength with normalized parameters.
Obtaining of Composite Alloys Based on Nickel Aluminides with Rare Metals
Authors: Khimukhin Sergey N. , Kim E.D. , Khosen Ri
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the research results on the production of doped composite materials by the method of out-of-furnace liquid-phase self-propagating high-temperature synthesis using oxides and mineral concentrates containing Zr and W as a charge. The positive experience of producing ingots of intermetallic alloys based on the Ni-Al system in one stage of the reduction process of joint metallothermy is shown. The use of Zr in the charge leads to grinding of microstructure of the ingots and the formation of intermetallic compounds containing Zr. The additional use of C, B2O3, and W in the charge results in the formation of complex borides and tungsten carbides in the ingots. Additional introduction of Cr2O3 into the charge is necessary for the formation of W carbides in the nickel aluminide matrix.
Towards a Strategy for the Synthesis of Polymeric Ionic Liquids with a Bulk Anion in Various Reaction Media
Authors: Atlaskina M.E. , Mochalova A.E. , Vorotyntsev V.M.
Published: May 2021

The interest in polymerizable ionic liquids of researchers is due to their unique properties, such as good thermal stability, low vapor pressure, and wide potential window of stability. The complex of these properties determines the prospect of using ionic liquids and polymers based on them in the technology of membrane separation. This article describes the synthesis of monomeric ionic liquids (IL) containing quaternary amino groups, pyridine, and imidazole groups based on vinyl benzyl chloride (conversion was 95%). Further, on their basis, polymer ionic liquids were obtained by the method of free radical polymerization with bulky anionic substituents. Proof of the formation of polimeric IL was carried out by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy methods. The molecular weight of the IL was determined by gel permeation chromatography and reached ~ 140,000. An anion exchange reaction was carried out to replace the Cl anion with Tf2N.
Evaluation of anaerobic and anoxic reactors installed in serial to treat fish tank effluent
Authors: Carra Maria Lidia , Gonçalves Vitória Teodoro , Delforno Tiago Palladino , Oliveira Valéria Maia de , Silva Ariovaldo José da
Published: May 2021

Effluent from a fish tank with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was treated in a system of two parallel fixed-bed anaerobic reactors followed by a suspended stirred, anoxic reactor for solids, organic matter and nitrogen removal. Microbial community structure was compared between the reactors and an enriched anammox culture originated from anaerobic sludge by using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) techniques. DGGE analysis revealed three large microbial clusters, namely, the biomass in the inoculum, the biomass growing in the reactors, and the enriched anammox culture. The similarity between the microbial community recovered from the anaerobic reactors and the anammox community was considered low (32.7%), suggesting differentiation of the bacterial community as a function of the selection of specific anammox groups. The last step in the anoxic reactor had worsened the effluent quality. The potential of organic matter and ammonia removal in a single anaerobic reactor was demonstrated.
Postoperative volume increase of facial soft tissue after percutaneous versus endonasal osteotomy technique in rhinoplasty using 3D stereophotogrammetry
Authors: van Loon B. , van Heerbeek N. , Maal T.J.J. , Borstlap W.A. , Ingels K.J.A.O. , Schols J.G.J.H. , Berge S.J.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: When lateral osteotomies are performed as part of a rhinoplasty, the nose and paranasal region invariably change in three dimensions. The PURPOSE of this study is to compare the effect of the percutaneous perforating and endonasal continuous osteotomy techniques concerning the degree of postoperative swelling using three dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry. METHODOLOGY: A prospective follow-up study was conducted. Patients requiring bilateral osteotomies were included and randomly underwent a percutaneous osteotomy on one side and an endonasal osteotomy on the other side. Pre- and postoperative 3D photos were acquired using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Volumetric measurement data were acquired from the paranasal region using 3D software. Measurements were compared using Student`s t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test statistics. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included. A percutaneous osteotomy was performed on the right side in nine patients and on the left side in 11 patients. The total volume, the volume of the right paranasal and left paranasal region were significantly larger postoperative. No difference was found between the sides. CONCLUSIONS: No difference concerning swelling is found between the percutaneous and endonasal osteotomy technique sides. With 3D stereophotogrammetry volumetric data can be acquired and compared to evaluate soft-tissue changes.
No evidence for a correlation of glutathione S-tranferase polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Fruth K. , Best N. , Amro M. , Ingel K. , Gosepath J. , Mann W.J. , Brieger J.
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: Cellular detoxification mechanisms are mandatory for cellular protection against oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. One major group of antioxidative active enzymes involved in cellular detoxification are the Glutathione S-Transferases (GST). Multiple subtypes like GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 and variants of them are known, arising from allelic variations of the GST loci. Moreover, functional variants occur in high percentages and have been associated with diseases like bronchial asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The interplay of oxidative stress, detoxifying genes like GSTs and the genesis of respiratory tract illness is under contradictory debate. In this study, we analysed the potential association of GST-polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS: In total 170 nasal tissue samples, 49 tissue samples from patients with CRS without nasal polyps, 69 tissue samples from CRS with nasal polyps and 52 healthy tissue controls of the inferior turbinate were analysed for their individual GST-status. Genotypes for GSTM1 (null versus present), GSTT1 (null versus present), and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The respective genotypes were correlated to the incidence of CRS with and without nasal polyps in aspirin-tolerant and intolerant patients and to the individual health status concerning asthma and allergies. RESULTS: No correlation between any GST-polymorphism and CRS with and without nasal polyps or allergies or asthma or aspirin-intolerance was observed. CONCLUSION: Our results do not suggest that there is a relevant genetic predisposition considering the individual GST-status for the susceptibility of nasal respiratory epithelia leading to CRS.
Osteogenic potential of cells derived from nasal septum
Authors: Torreggiani E. , Bianchini C. , Penolazzi L. , Lambertini E. , Vecchiatini R. , Canella A. , Gambari R. , Magri E. , Pelucchi S. , Pastore A. , Piva R.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: The research addressed to detect new molecular targets in the development of therapeutic strategies aimed to repair bone tissues. The AIM OF THIS STUDY was to determine the potential osteogenic activity of bone cells from the nasal septum and their use to perform accurate molecular analysis from a single sample. METHODOLOGY: The cells, after nasal septum surgery, were subjected to gene silencing, Reverse Transcriptase - Polymerase Chain reactions, immunocytochemistry and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: Cells from the nasal septum can give rise to mature osteoblasts that express osteogenic markers (ALP, Runx2, Slug) and are able to mineralize. We demonstrated that Runx2, a transcription factor critical in early osteospecific differentiation, interacts in vivo with the promoter of the SLUG gene, a marker of osteoblast maturation. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that nasal septum-derived osteoblasts represent an interesting alternative source for bone forming cells, and a promising material to be utilized in bone cellular therapy.
Characteristics and risk factors of mucosal cysts in the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Moon I.J. , Lee J.E. , Kim S.T. , Han D.H. , Rhee C.S. , Lee C.H. , Min Y.G.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Though mucosal cysts in the paranasal sinuses (PSMCs) are common findings on radiographic images, the nature of PSMCs and risk factors for the development of PSMCs have not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of PSMCs using brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: A total of 6831 subjects who underwent health checkup including brain MR imaging were included in this study. The characteristics of PSMCs, including their location, number and size, as well as the presence of obstruction of the sinus ostium and sinusitis, were analysed using brain MR images. Structured questionnaires and medical records were reviewed to evaluate the smoking status and comorbid medical conditions. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of PSMCs was 7.4% and was significantly higher in females than in males. PSMCs were most commonly found in the maxillary sinus, most of which were located unilaterally as a solitary cyst. Large cysts were associated with obstruction of the sinus ostium and subsequent sinusitis. Smoking was a single important risk factor for developing PSMCs. No significant associations were found between symptoms (nasal/respiratory) and the presence of PSMCs. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PSMCs was 7.4% and decreased with age. Large cysts may lead to obstruction of the sinus and subsequent sinusitis. Smoking was an important risk factor for PSMCs, and the total amount of smoking correlated with cyst size. Most subjects were asymptomatic, and specific treatment was not performed.
Osteitic bone in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Videler W.J.M. , Georgalas C. , Menger D.J. , Freling N.J.M. , van Drunen C.M. , Fokkens W.J.
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: There is increasing interest in the underlying bone of the paranasal sinuses as an important player in recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Close inspection of CT scans often reveals areas of increased bone density and irregular thickening of the sinus walls. This osteitic bone could at least partly explain, why inflammation of the mucosa persists. METHODS: We searched PubMed for all relevant studies, using the following text words: chronic rhinosinusitis, sinusitis, bone, osteitis, osteomyelitis, histology, and treatment. Cited references of retrieved articles were also examined. RESULTS: Background, available data, potential diagnostic options, treatment implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed. CONCLUSION: Osteitis is associated with CRS, however its role in the pathogenic process is not well defined. More research is needed.
Многомерные системы Хаара в функциональных пространствах Бесова
Authors: Oswald Peter
Published: May 2021

Охарактеризованы все случаи, в которых система $d$-мерных всплесков Хаара $H^d$ на единичном кубе $I^d$ образует условный или безусловный базис Шаудера в классических изотропных функциональных пространствах Бесова ${B}_{p,q,1}^s(I^d)$, $0<p,q<\infty$, $0\le s < 1/p$, определяемых в терминах $L_p$-модулей гладкости первого порядка. Аналогичные результаты получены для тензорной системы Хаара $\widetilde H^d$. Охарактеризованы области параметров, для которых сопряженное пространство к ${B}_{p,q,1}^s(I^d)$ является тривиальным при $0<p<1$.
Библиография: 31 название.
Задачи восстановления интегрируемых функций и тригонометрических рядов
Authors: Plotnikov Mikhail Gennadevich
Published: May 2021

Рассматриваются классы $\Gamma$ функций из $L_1$ с фиксированной скоростью убывания их коэффициентов Фурье. Показывается, что для каждого $\Gamma$ найдется (восстанавливающее) множество $G$ сколь угодно малой меры такое, что любая функция из $\Gamma$ восстанавливается по своим значениям на $G$. Приводится формула для вычисления коэффициентов Фурье такой функции по ее значениям на $G$. Отмечается, что для любой $L_1$-функции можно найти персональное восстанавливающее множество с описанными свойствами. Параллельно решается задача о восстановлении общих тригонометрических рядов из классов Зигмунда, сходящихся к суммируемым функциям на таких множествах $G$.
Библиография: 10 названий.
Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Thunbergia laurifolia on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats
Authors: Palipoch Sarawoot , Koomhin Phanit , Punsawad Chuchard , Suwannalert Prasit
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous leaf extract of T. laurifolia against alcoholic liver injury in rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered either normal saline, ethanol (EtOH), normal saline with low or high dose T. laurifolia leaf extract (TL-LD or TL-HD), EtOH with TL-LD or EtOH with TL-HD. Blood biochemical indices: hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, liver histopathology, hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expressions, were determined using standard methods.

Results: The leaf extract of T. Laurifolia decreased hepatic MDA levels, improved liver pathology and down-regulated mRNA expressions of CYP2E1, NADPH oxidase and pro-inflammatory cytokinesin ethanol-treated rats.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that aqueous extract of T. Laurifolia exerts hepatoprotective effect against alcoholic liver injury through a mechanism involving inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Chromatographic determination of siphonodin content: A rapid and simple strategy for discriminating between Hemsleya omeiensis and other sources of Xuedan
Authors: Qin Yi , Zhang Hong-ling , Wang Jin , Huang Qin-wan , Sun Ji-lin , Yao Ren-chuan
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To develop a rapid and simple siphonodin content-based high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to distinguish Hemsleya omeiensis from other sources of xuedan.

Methods: Siphonodin was isolated from Hemsleya omeiensis and identified by x-ray crystallographic analysis. An optimized HPLC method was applied for the determination of siphonodin contents of H. omeiensis, H. dolichocarpa and H. gigantha.

Results: Siphonodin was successfully separated by the optimized HPLC method in < 10 min, and the results of validation showed that the HPLC method was stable and very accurate for the quantification of siphonodin. The mean content of siphonodin in 10 batches of H. omeiensis was 3.78 mg/g, but the compound was not detectable in H. dolichocarpa and H. gigantha using the developed HPLC method.

Conclusion: These results indicate that the developed HPLC method is suitable for distinguishing H. omeiensis from other sources of xuedan.
Cost associated with hospitalization of non-adherent type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary healthcare facility in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ipingbemi Aduke Elizabeth , Erhun Wilson Oyekigho
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To estimate the cost of hospitalization associated with medication non-adherence among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in a tertiary healthcare facility in Nigeria.

Methods: Three hundred and fifty-four (354) medical records of T2DM patients admitted into the medical wards from 2013 to 2015 were used for the study. Medical records with history of medication non-adherence (MNA) prior to hospitalization as indicated by physicians were included in the study. Direct medical costs associated with the management of the patients during hospitalization were measured using out-of-pocket payer perspective. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the variables, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the 354 admitted patients, 226 (63.8 %) had a record of MNA. The mean age was 57.5years ± 14.6. The majority of the patients (61.5 %) were either petty traders or artisans/selfemployed. Duration of hospitalization increased with increase in number of comorbid disease (Pearson product moment correlation r = 0.13 p = 0.05). Total cost incurred during hospitalization was US$146,669.3 (average, $ 650.1), of which more than one quarter was cost of medications. Cost of management and cost of laboratory investigations increased with increase in the number of co-morbid diseases (r = 0.24, p = 0.00; r = 0.2, p = 0.02, respectively). Cost of management also increased with increase in days of hospitalization (r = 0.2, p = 0.00).

Conclusion: Cost of hospitalization related to non-adherence to medication is high among the studied population. There is need to work out strategies to enhance adherence among diabetes patients.
Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway as a novel link between gut microbiota and schizophrenia: A review
Authors: Wang Yaping , Yuan Xiuxia , Kang Yulin , Song Xueqin
Published: May 2021

Gut microbiota and its metabolite tryptophan play an important role in regulating neurotransmission, immune homeostasis and oxidative stress which are critical for brain development. The kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan catabolism. Kynurenine metabolites regulate many biological processes including host-microbiome communication, immunity and oxidative stress, as well as neuronal excitability. The accumulation of metabolites produced by kynurenine pathway in brain results in the activation of the immune system (increase in the levels of inflammatory factors) and oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species, ROS), which are associated with mental disorders, for example schizophrenia. Thus, it was hypothesized that perturbations in kynurenine pathway could cause activation of immunity, and that oxidative stress may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. The present work is a review of the latest studies on the possible role of kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia, and mechanism(s) involved.
Implication of cholinergic transmission in rat model of spinal cord injury: A potential therapeutic target
Authors: Liu Hongzhe , Chang Lei , Peng Shuai , Liu Bin , Zhang Mingyan , Liu Xiangyang
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To assess the involvement of cholinergic transmission in the etiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model.

Methods: Male adult rats (Wistar) with body weight ranging from 200 to 250 g were equally allocated into 2 groups: test (SCI) and control (non-SCI). Clipping method was used to induce SCI. Thereafter, motor function was measured using rotarod. Each rat was sacrificed by decapitation, and the cortex was excised for use in the study of the involvement of cholinergic transmission in SCI using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis (WBA).

Results: Significant upregulation in acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was observed in the cortex of SCI rats, relative to non-SCI rats (p < 0.005). Results from cholinergic receptor binding studies revealed significantly decreased maximum binding (Bmax) and dissociation constant (kd) values for muscarinic receptors in SCI rats, when compared to non-SCI rats. Moreover, the reduction in intensity of cholinergic receptors was significantly greater in the cerebral cortex of SCI group compared to non-SCI group.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the reduction in cortical cholinergic transmission impairs motor functions in SCI, and plays a major role in motor deficits in SCI.
Ameliorating the Rising Insecurity Situation in Nigeria: Skills Development Initiative through Social Sciences Education as a Lasting Tool
Authors: Iwegbu Chuks Justus
Published: May 2021

The paper, “Ameliorating the Rising Insecurity situation in Nigeria:  Skills Development Initiative through Social Science Education  as alasting Tool” has as its main thrust, the principle of using skills development initiative as a reliable too of engaging able bodied, healthy and willing men and women in order to get them out of the street in line with the popular aphorism “that an idle mind is the devils workshop “which indeed explains it all. To further appreciate this intellectual discuss, basic concepts relevant to the article such as  Insecurity which is generally seen as the state of being open to danger or the uncertainty or anxiety about oneself safety is also examined. Importantly too, Skill Development Initiative is also in this discuss defined as the act of providing vocational training to people both young and old, students and even school dropouts, existing workers, and everyone interested in earning a living through practical skill etc. The concept of Social Science Education and other concepts in this discourse such as Skills, Development, Initiative and the phrase Skills Development Initiative were adequately defined etc. the paper concludes by asserting firmly that creating awareness, education and information through tactical deployment of Social Sciences Education classroom instructional process on the use of Skills Development Initiatives remains a functional and effective way of curbing the problem of dwindling insecurity problem in the Society today. Steps on how this can be effectively done through teaching and training were proffered.

Keywords: Social Science Education, Skills, Development, Initiative, Skills Development Initiative
The Effect of Public Finance Control on the Improvement of Work of Internal Auditors in Enterprises Founded by the Local Self-government Units on the Example of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Vitomir Jelena , Radović Milan , Popović Slobodan
Published: May 2021

This study shows the importance of introducing control over the work of internal auditors in public enterprises. The aim of the study is to indicate possible benefits in the operations of public enterprises following the control conducted over the work of internal audit by public finance bodies. To reach their aim, the authors conducted a research and determined the existence of differences in the efficiency of operations in public utility enterprises with internal audit in place before and after the control conducted by public finance bodies. The obtained results show there is a strong impact of the control performed by the public finance bodies set up to supervise the work of internal auditors in public enterprises on the operating results expressed as total revenues of public enterprises.
Peer-to-peer accommodation hosts: an identity framework
Authors: Yeager Emily P. , Bynum Boley B. , Goetcheus Cari , Welch-Devine Meredith
Published: May 2021

While peer-to-peer accommodation research is increasingly cognizant of various stakeholders impacted by the rising popularity of this disruptive phenomenon, one stakeholder remains understudied – the host. This study uses a Deductive Qualitative Analysis to explore a tripartite of peer-to-peer accommodation host identities (entrepreneurial identity, residential identity, and sustainable entrepreneur identity) within the US City of Savannah, Georgia. Peer-to-peer accommodation hosts are agents of change in the communities in which they operate. This study posits that their impacts, whether positive or negative, on communities in which they operate depend on the existence of these identities. Potential opportunities for collaboration between hosts and local municipalities are discussed in light of the proposed identity framework.
Revealing researcher engagement in museum-related research: a reflective account
Authors: Abdel Ahmed Fouad Latif Abdel Fattah
Published: May 2021

The absence of extended discussions about the feasibility of carrying out qualitative research within the ‘research methods’ sections of most heritage and mainstream museum studies articles means there is not much direction provided to novice heritage and museum researchers as well as aspiring PhD candidates to augment their own methodological practices. Literature related to unexpected circumstances during fieldwork, the importance of human interactions in data collection and the self-reflection of researchers in heritage and museum-related research remains limited. This paper reflectively explores aspects of the author’s journey as a PhD researcher at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt, and the challenges encountered during fieldwork. The paper concludes that recognizing and encouraging reflexivity and interpersonal engagement and reflecting on challenging moments during the research process in museums and heritage sites brings insight to the study, and brings the researcher/researchee closer to the reader.
Are we missing the boat? Examining managers’ perspectives on employee wellbeing in the foodservice industry
Authors: Liu-Lastres Bingjie , Wen Han
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research note was to examine managers’ perspectives on employee wellbeing in the foodservice industry. Particularly, this study conducted 14 semi-structured individual interviews with upper-level managers of various organizations within the foodservice industry. Thematic analyses were employed to analyze the data. The overall findings addressed the essence of considering employee wellbeing in the industry. Particularly, this study revealed managers’ interpretation of employee wellbeing, identified major influences on employee wellbeing, reported the current measures, and presented the major challenges facing most organizations regarding improving employee wellbeing. From a theoretical point of view, this study used a qualitative approach and reflected managers’ perspectives on the concept of employee wellbeing. Building on those findings, this study provides practical implications, which mainly involves using a forward-thinking, top-down approach to enhance employee wellbeing, and highlights the roles of organizational support and organizational culture. Based on the findings, this study also discusses future research directions and limitations.
A critical assessment of the construct of attitude in sociolinguistics: A socio-psychological insight (Part 2)
Authors: Przygoński Krzysztof
Published: May 2021

The present article constitutes the second part of a brief critical analysis of the research on attitude and attitude-(speech) behaviour relations. Its major aim is to show that the contribution from the socio-psychological paradigm can prove relevant and valuable when applied to sociolinguistic research on attitude and attitude-behaviour relations. The author argues that attitudinal investigations in sociolinguistics, despite their popularity and rich history, frequently suffer from a number of methodological and theoretical flaws. The author advances an argument that a reconceptualization of the construct of attitude and some additional methodological principles can help refine the whole paradigm of language attitude research. Specifically, it is pointed out that a cognitive/information-processing approach to attitude formation, the theory of planned behaviour and other theoretical and methodological insights discussed in this paper can prove immensely rewarding and can give a new impetus for further research.
Further remarks on Chinese Āhōng 阿訇
Authors: Knüppel Michael
Published: May 2021

In the article the author once again deals with the title/address for Hui Muslim imāms, Āhōng (阿訇), – a topic about which he already gave some information in a miscella published in Knüppel (2020). To this some further details on historical attempts of etymology are given in the text presented here.
Polish Take on Realism: Poland’s Policy Towards the Former Soviet Countries, 1991–2021
Authors: Szeptycki A.
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes Poland’s policy towards the former Soviet space (Poland’s Eastern policy) through the assumptions of the realist theory of international relations. The ﬁ rst part of the article examines the realist theory in international relations (IR). The second – deals with the existing literature on Poland’s foreign policy. The third part analyses the determinants and the goals of Poland’s policy towards the post-Soviet states (history of its relations with the region, ideological determinants, security concerns, etc.). The last part inquires about the evolution of Poland’s policy till current times. The Russian Federation is perceived as a signiﬁ cant threat by Poland. In that context, since the early 1990s, Poland has been seeking solutions to strengthen its security. It aimed to join the North Atlantic Alliance and establish a close partnership with the United States (bandwagoning). This strategy brought substantial eﬀ ects – in 1999, Poland joined NATO, and since it has hosted allied troops. Poland also wanted to develop cooperation with Ukraine (to a lesser degree also with its other post-Soviet neighbors) and bring them closer to the Euro-Atlantic structures. This policy was, in particular, at weakening Russia’s inﬂ uence in the region (balancing). The results of this strategy have been somewhat ambiguous, though. Ukraine has rejected Russia’s sponsored reintegration projects in the post-Soviet space. The process of reforms in that country, however, is slow and uncertain. As for other post-Soviet states, Poland has largely proven unable to inﬂ uence the desired changes.
The Costs of Global Leadership and Neighborhood International Politics
Authors: Bliakher L.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the trends in international relations that have emerged in recent years, including during the pandemic. According to the author, a clear international space structure in the vein of Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-system, with equally clear rules of the game in such space is associated with the presence of an enforcer. The enforcer here is a country or group of countries that impose certain forms of communication on the international space, making the behavior of agents of the international political space predictable. Such a position for the enforcer, among other things, makes it possible to obtain beneﬁ ts (material and status ones) that exceed its costs. This situation was not least determined by the relative homogeneity of the international space actors (States). However, in reality, as shown in the article, there are many more variants of polities in the world, which, under certain conditions, were convenient to imitate state political institutions. The conditions change is leading to actualization of such polities. The actualization of diversity results in a sharp escalation of the enforcer’s costs, a drop in their eﬀ ectiveness and the attractiveness of the enforcer’s position itself. The leader bears more and more signiﬁ cant costs ceases to perform its functions. Here, in place of the institutional system set by the enforcer, comes a diﬀ erent way of organizing international relations – interpersonal trust, which arises and is strengthened by personal communication. Until recently, such “decisionmakers’ clubs” were not as bright as the enforcer, but they connected the global world. However, the pandemic also disrupts this type of communication or rather complicates it. As a result, the hierarchy of problems changes. The problems of domestic politics and the international problems that aﬀ ect them come to the fore. Global politics is being replaced by “neighborhood” politics. In the age of the world without a global leader and regional players rivalry, tomorrows “weight” of one country depends on how eﬀ ectively it will be able to ﬁ t in the new type of political structure.
Origins of the Differences in Political Systems of the Central Asian States: Threat Perception in the Perestroika Period
Authors: Uyama Tomohiko
Published: May 2021

Using the “path-dependence” concept and D. Slater’s thesis on the consolidation of elites around national threats, the author examines the factors inﬂ uencing the formation of diﬀ erent authoritarian political systems in the Central Asian states. A critical aspect of the formation of political systems in this region was the events from the mid-1980s to the collapse of the Soviet Union. In terms of the structure of the study, the article consistently examines how interethnic and other political conﬂ icts demonstrated the (un)ability of leaders to cope with crises. In particular, it shows that the inability to cope with political challenges in Kyrgyzstan marked the beginning of “pluralism by default.” Moscow’s involvement in the personnel issues in the republics, especially in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, undermined local elites and increased the overall sense of threat to political stability, which eventually rallied elites and gave rise to expectations of a strong leader. We also note that a notably fortiﬁ ed power hierarchy was established where the new national leader perceived threats from his political rivals (in Uzbekistan). Conversely, the existence of a strong opposition prevented the rapid establishment of authoritarianism. In Tajikistan, for example, a split of the elite led to a civil war, but due to the greater stability of its governmental wing, the president subsequently managed to establish a hard authoritarian regime. In Turkmenistan, the country’s leader took advantage of the lack of threats to establish a dictatorship. Thus, external challenges contribute to the consolidation of elites, while the risks of internal competition contribute to the concentration of power in the hands of an authoritarian leader. On the contrary, prolonged threats divide elites, lead to mass conﬂ icts or the formation of a relatively democratic but unstable system of state power.
Bialynicki-Birula schemes in higher dimensional Hilbert schemes of points and monic functors
Authors: Evain Laurent , Lederer Mathias
Published: May 2021

The Bialynicki-Birula strata on the Hilbert scheme $H^n(\mathbb{A}^d)$ are smooth in dimension $d=2$. We prove that there is a schematic structure in higher dimensions, the Bialynicki-Birula scheme, which is natural in the sense that it represents a functor. Let $\rho_i:H^n(\mathbb{A}^d)\rightarrow {\rm Sym}^n(\mathbb{A}^1)$ be the Hilbert-Chow morphism of the ${i}^{th}$ coordinate. We prove that a Bialynicki-Birula scheme associated with an action of a torus $T$ is schematically included in the fiber $\rho_i^{-1}(0)$ if the ${i}^{th}$ weight of $T$ is non-positive. We prove that the monic functors parametrizing families of ideals with a prescribed initial ideal are representable.

Comment: Final version
Combinatorial Reid's recipe for consistent dimer models
Authors: Craw Alastair , Heuberger Liana , Amador Jesus Tapia
Published: May 2021

Reid's recipe for a finite abelian subgroup $G\subset \text{SL}(3,\mathbb{C})$ is a combinatorial procedure that marks the toric fan of the $G$-Hilbert scheme with irreducible representations of $G$. The geometric McKay correspondence conjecture of Cautis--Logvinenko that describes certain objects in the derived category of $G\text{-Hilb}$ in terms of Reid's recipe was later proved by Logvinenko et al. We generalise Reid's recipe to any consistent dimer model by marking the toric fan of a crepant resolution of the vaccuum moduli space in a manner that is compatible with the geometric correspondence of Bocklandt--Craw--Quintero-V\'{e}lez. Our main tool generalises the jigsaw transformations of Nakamura to consistent dimer models.

Comment: 29 pages, published version
Les écrivains djadides turkmènes A. Kulmuhammedov et O. Vepaev sur eux-mêmes et sur leur époque
Authors: Soegov Muradgeldi
Published: May 2021

в статье раскрывается вопросы жизни и деятельности Туркменскиx писателeй-джадидoв А. Кульмухаммедова (1885-1931), наряду с О. Вепаевым (1885-1937). На основе выдержек из стихов О. Вепаева О. Тачназаров (1902–1942), со стороны бригады по проверкетуркменской литературы выступил большой рецензией под названием «Лицо врага» в журналe «Туркменоведение» за 1931 год гдe oн дает крайне отрицательную оценку его отношениям к советской действительности. Вслед за О. Тачназаровым исследователи советского периода характеризовали А. Кульмухаммедова и О. Вепаева как ярые националисты, пантюркисты и враги народа. Начиная с конца восьмидесятых годов прошлого века, постепенно начались меняться оценки ученых в положительную сторону в отношении литературного наследия указанных авторов.

This article presents some aspects of the life and the work of two Turkmen Jadid writers, A. Kulmuhammedov (1885-1931) and O. Vepaev (1885-1937), who were severely attacked in 1931 by the Brigade of the verification of the literature, and notably by O. Tachnazarov (1902-1942). He wrote long articles in the journal “Turkmen Studies” (Turkmenovedenie), where he denounced O. Vepaev as an enemy of the Soviet power based on some citations of his poems. During the entire Soviet period, the literary critics continued to give a very negative interpretation, as Tachnazarov did, of the writings of A. Kulmuhammedov and O. Vepaev, who were characterized as nationalists, panturkists, and enemies of the people. This is only by the end of the 1980’s that scholars have gradually changed their mind about these two writers, and that some positive judgement about their literary legacy started tobe published.

cet article éclaire quelques aspects de la vie et de l’oeuvre de deux écrivains djadides turkmènes, A. Kulmuhammedov (1885-1931) et O. Vepaev (1885-1937), qui furent l’objet d’une campagne de dénonciation par la brigade de vérification de la littérature turkmène en 1931, notamment de la part d’O. Tačnazarov (1902-1942). Dans la revue « Études turkmènes » (Turkmenovedenie), ce dernier s’appuie sur des extraits des poèmes d’O. Vepaev pour le dénoncer comme un ennemi du pouvoir soviétique. Dans l’esprit de cet article, A. Kulmuhammedov et O. Vepaev ont toujours été vus de façon très négative par les critiques littéraires de toute la période soviétique, qui ont continué de les caractériser comme des nationalistes, des panturquistes et des ennemis du peuple. Ce n’est qu’à partir de la fin des années 1980 qu’on a commencé à changer d’avis sur ces auteurs et à porter un jugement positif sur leur legs littéraire.
Extraits de La Neige sur l'herbe de Youri Norstein
Authors: Zvonkine Eugénie , Passaret Anne-Marie , Norstein Youri
Published: May 2021

the excerpts translated from Yuri Norstein’s Snow on Grass [Sneg andtrave] describe the artistic process of the filmmaker through his theories and throughhis influences (paintings, narratives, autobiography). They disclose the concrete ways inwhich he stages and films. The reader thus gains a deeper understanding of Norstein’soeuvre, which plays an essential part in Soviet and Russian animation.

les extraits choisis de Neige sur herbe [Sneg na trave] de Youri Norsteindécrivent le processus de création artistique du cinéaste à travers ses réflexionsthéoriques et ses explications sur ses influences picturales, narratives etautobiographiques. Ils permettent de découvrir ses dispositifs de tournage et demieux comprendre l’oeuvre de ce cinéaste incontournable de l’animation russe etsoviétique.

Представленные в этом издании отрывки из Снега на ТравеЮрия Норштейна описывают творческий процесс режиссёра, а также даютпредставление о его теории анимации и о повлиявших на него художественныхпроизведениях (живописи, литературы) и эпизодах из его жизни. Они даютконкретную информацию о том, как Норштейн снимает свои фильмы. Читательсможет таким образом глубже понять творчество Юрия Норштейна, одногоиз ведущих мастеров российской и советской мультипликации.
Introduction. Comment penser l'histoire littéraire au XXe siècle dans l'espace euro-asiatique ?
Authors: Vrinat-Nikolov Marie
Published: May 2021

"In our twenty-first century globalized, multinational and diasporic world, how can we explain the continuing appeal, not only, of the single-nation/single-ethnicity focus of literary histories, but also, of its familiar teleological model, deployed even by those writings the new literary histories, based on race, gender, sexual choice, or any number of other identitarian categories?" s'interrogeait en 2002 Linda Hutcheon dans un ouvrage consacré à « repenser l'histoire littéraire ». Ces questions se posent toujours, plus de quinze ans plus tard, et il nous a semblé très stimulant de réunir dans un volume des recherches portant sur l'histoire d'espaces littéraires très différents par l'espace-temps qui les caractérise, leur histoire, leur accession à un État-nation, leurs institutions, leur proximité ou leur éloignement avec ce que Pascale Casanova appelle le « méridien littéraire de Greenwich » (pour faire vite, New York, Londres, Berlin, Paris), l'héritage d'empires divers, etc. Ce qui rassemble les chercheurs qui ont accepté d'apporter leur contribution au débat, c'est la volonté de questionner l'historiographie littéraire telle qu'elle s'est pratiquée et se pratique encore dans ces espaces, proposer une autre écriture susceptible de susciter d'autres conceptions, d'autres visions, d'autres aspects. Leur réflexion est étayée par toutes celles qui ont vu le jour depuis les années 1990, à la fois en France, dans le monde anglophone, dans les espaces qui font l'objet de leurs recherches.