bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENT OF THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF INFORMATION SUPPORT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Iershova Natalia
Published: September 2021

The article improves the theoretical and methodological foundations of information support for the management of sustainable development of the enterprise. On the basis of a comparative analysis, the author's approach to the essence of the concept of "information flow" is presented, the classification of information flows is expanded. Today, information support of the management decision-making process at enterprises is imperfect. An empirical study was carried out to determine and assess the degree of satisfaction of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Kharkov region with information support. Identified problems in the provision of current and operational information to management personnel; there is no formalization and systematization of it; some enterprises do not use planning, in particular financial planning, which is a significant obstacle to building an effective enterprise for the future. Information support of the enterprise by management levels and information flows is proposed. Based on the tasks facing the information support for the management of sustainable development of an enterprise, an algorithm has been developed for its functioning as a type of activity. It is based on a project-based approach, according to which stages are gradually implemented.
RESEARCH OF THE OPERATION OF A TWO-CIRCUIT CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE COMPENSATOR OF INACTIVE COMPONENTS OF THE FULL POWER
Authors: Levon Olena , Kozlov Sergey , Rumar Sergey , Kuzmenko Nataliya
Published: September 2021

The article presents a model of a semiconductor compensator with an additional fuzzy control loop for the level of higher harmonics of the supply network current. The model was created and tested in the MATLAB 7.0.1 package. The dependences of the level of switching overvoltages, as well as the level of the amplitude of a single harmonic of the current of the supply network, on the relative voltage across the storage capacitor are investigated. The possibility of effective control of the amplitude level of a separate harmonic of the supply network current is shown. Graphical dependencies were obtained by means of modeling, their analysis was carried out, which confirmed the theoretical conclusions that must be taken into account when setting the parameters of a fuzzy controller. The use of an additional control loop for the level of a single harmonic makes it possible to adapt the proposed digital control system to varying conditions of the power system. The ability to adapt the pro-proponated digital control system in the energy system’s minus has been brought to the table, and the additional contour to regulate the level of the taken harmonic system has been added.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY BENCHMARKING: MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT POSSIBILITIES OF USE IN INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Pererva Petro , Kobielieva Tetiana , Kosenko Oleksandra , Matrosova Victoria , Kobieliev Valerii
Published: September 2021

The article substantiates the necessity and relevance of the introduction of progressive energy efficiency systems at industrial enterprises. It is shown that in Ukraine in 2020 only 43.1% of energy resources are used efficiently, according to the data of the energy efficiency rating. In 2019, this figure was higher - 54%. The analysis of the use of energy resources in industry, services, agriculture and the housing sector in Ukraine, as well as in the countries of the European Union. The issues of organizing energy efficiency benchmarking for industrial enterprises of Ukraine are considered. The main attention is paid to an integrated approach, which consists in creating a regulatory framework and organizing information support during benchmarking. The experience of the EU countries in solving the problem of technical regulation of energy efficiency benchmarking and the possibility of its use in international entrepreneurship is considered. Only the main stages of energy saving benchmarking are considered in detail, which include: selection of a benchmark, comparison and assessment, positioning of the research object and determination of leaders and outsiders, grouping benchmarking partners by energy efficiency level, identification of the gap, identification of the causes of inefficient energy consumption, determination of the scale and nature of the problem. The introduction of an energy efficiency benchmarking system on a regular basis as a control and planning subsystem as part of an energy management system will make it possible to track changes in the energy efficiency indicators of the production system and its structural objects, the level of energy efficiency over time, negative trends and causes of their occurrence, to assess the effectiveness of adaptation of the best principles of efficient energy consumption in own conditions and the effectiveness of the implementation of energy-saving measures, which will contribute to the continuous improvement of the production system and its facilities.
FEATURES OF DESIGNING FUZZY REGULATORS IN THE COMPOSITION OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS OF SEMICONDUCTOR COMPENSATORS
Authors: Kozlov Serhii , Levon Olena , Kuzmenko Nataliya , Rymar Serhii
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the design features of fuzzy controllers as part of automatic control systems for semiconductor compensators. Tendencies to the use of fuzzy logic and neural networks to solve problems with a large number of variables that are random are analyzed. The functional scheme of the automatic control system on the basis of fuzzy logic is considered. Some features of the fuzzy regulator are given. Questions of optimization of parameters of digital fuzzy controllers are investigated. The importance of the choice of the method of parametric adjustment of the fuzzy controller is shown. The options for choosing the quality criterion for fuzzy controllers are considered. The market of commercial software products for working with fuzzy logic is analyzed.
FORMATION OF THE WORLD NETWORK OF SCIENTIFIC CENTERS FOR THE STUDY OF THE IONOSPHERE BY THE INCONHERENT SCATTERING METHOD
Authors: Kuzmenko Nataliia , Levon Olena , Kozlov Sergey , Rumar Sergey
Published: September 2021

The article considers the stages of development of the theory of the method of incoherent scattering as one of the methods of studying the ionosphere. The preconditions for the establishment of scientific centers for ionosphere observation by the method of incoherent scattering, the creation and development of an experimental research base and the formation of a global network of such institutions are highlighted. The idea of ​​the HP method belongs to the American scientist William Gordon. The HP method has become the most informative and accurate method of studying almost all the characteristics of the ionosphere. It made it possible to measure the electron concentration below and above the main maximum, which was impossible with vertical sounding. The advantage of the HP method is that a significant number of characteristics of the ionosphere could be measured simultaneously in a significant range of altitudes. This equates to launching a well-equipped geophysical missile. The duration of such studies compared to episodic missile observations makes this method unique. Today the method is considered the most informative and accurate.
TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR ACCELERATED REGENERATION OF OIL AND ADSORBENT, USED IN THE POWER INDUSTRY, USING A POWERFUL HF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Levon Olena , Kozlov Sergey , Rymar Sergey , Kuzmenko Nataliya
Published: September 2021

The article presents the method of drying the adsorbent by an electro-magnetic field. Shown is the technology of the possession for the fast regeneration of naphtha and the adsorbent from the intake of the forced HF electromagnet field. During operation of the transformer, the oil absorbs atmospheric moisture and its dielectric strength decreases. To reduce the water content of the oil, it is pumped through a reservoir containing an adsorbent such as zeolite or silica gel. The adsorbent that has lost its sorption capacity can be restored by removing moisture by heating. The adsorbent can be processed by calcining it on metal sheets or heating it in sealed containers under reduced pressure using heating coils. The use of the first method leads to the destruction of the adsorbent during its transition from the adsorber and vice versa.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF THE MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Hevorkyan A. , Havryk A.
Published: September 2021

The article considers the policy of managing the financial stability of the enterprise. The interpretation of the concept of financial stability by economists is compared, the definition is compared. Ensuring the financial stability of enterprises and strengthening its competitiveness through the use of a set of measures to improve financial management in the short term is analyzed. The financial stability management mechanism is presented as a set of interconnected blocks and a sequence of interconnected stages. The necessity to apply the tools of financial stability management to harmonize the purpose of the developed strategy with the general strategy of the enterprise for further implementation is substantiated. In addition, the mechanism for managing the financial stability of the enterprise is presented as a system of subjects for managing the financial stability of the enterprise and their parameters of the structure and volume of financial assets. It is analyzed that the content of this control mechanism is manifested in its functions, which ensure the achievement of the goal and the implementation of a certain set of tasks. The complexity of the organization of the mechanism of management of financial stability of the industrial enterprise is caused. It is determined that the purpose of the mechanism is to form a management that should ensure a balance between the internal system of the enterprise and its external environment, taking into account the preservation of integrity in the process of structural change, performance of functional actions and expanded reproduction of capital.
PROVIDING OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF ENTERPRISES OF PASTRY INDUSTRY
Authors: Mishchenko Volodimir , Mekhovych Sergii , Gorobets Irina
Published: September 2021

The article identifies the main trends characteristic of the modern confectionery market of Ukraine. The reasons for the slowdown in production growth, the gradual increase in prices for all types of confectionery, changes in the structure of demand for products are considered. Exports of confectionery products require Ukrainian producers to expand their own range, as well as to bring the quality of products to European standards. The recent trend characterizes the increase in demand in the domestic market for complex (combined) confectionery, so the main prerequisite for the development of the industry is to improve production, which requires significant capital investment. The paper analyzes the dynamics of the main indicators of the sample of confectionery enterprises in order to assess the stability of their financial condition. For providing of steady development of industry the Government program, is needed built on balanced to demand with application of state-private partnership. In the conditions of COVID epidemic with the aim of prevention of possible bankruptcy it is expedient to inculcate the cost-oriented management and preventive anti-crisis dynamic management. For their introduction it is necessary to work out branch purposeful events on in-plant training of workers of pastry industry.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 18.09.2021 г. по 24.09.2021 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Сафронов Валентин , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: September 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19, за неделю с 18.09.2021 г. по 24.09.2021 г.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) и интерес (VOI) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 18.09. по 24.09.2021 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Сафронов Валентин , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: September 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ геновариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) и интерес (VOI) на основе их геномов в базе GISAID за неделю с 18.09. по 24.09.2021 г.
Orthopaedic Trauma Research Priorities in Latin America
Authors: Roberts Heather J. , MacKechnie Madeline C. , Shearer David W. , Segovia Altieri Julio , de la Huerta Fernando , Rio Marcelo W. , Sánchez Valenciano Carlos , Miclau Theodore ,   the ACTUAR Study Group
Published: September 2021

Background:

Despite a substantial burden of musculoskeletal injury, orthopaedic trauma studies in Latin America are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to identify research priorities among orthopaedic trauma surgeons in Latin America.

Methods:

Research questions were solicited from members of the Asociación de Cirujanos Traumatólogos de las Américas. Participants rated questions by importance from 1 to 9. All questions were redistributed with an aggregate rating, and participants rerated questions with knowledge of group responses.

Results:

Seventy-eight participants completed the first survey and were included in subsequent surveys. The mean age was 51.8 years, and most participants were male (92%), had completed an orthopaedic trauma fellowship (60.3%), and participated in research (80.8%). Seventeen countries were represented; 5 respondents were from a high-income country, 67 were from an upper middle-income country, and 6 were from a lower middle-income country. Sixty-five questions were identified. Six questions were rated from 1 to 3 (“more important”) by >70% of participants: (1) What is the optimal treatment protocol for elderly patients with hip fracture? (2) What is the most effective initial and definitive management of musculoskeletal injury, including timing and surgical strategy, for the polytraumatized patient? (3) What is the ideal state of open fracture treatment, including timeliness and method of antibiotics, debridement, surgical fixation, and closure or coverage, at each hospital level in the health-care system? (4) What patient and fracture characteristics predict infection after musculoskeletal injury? (5) What is the current state of treatment for fracture-related infection, including timeliness and method of antibiotics and surgical intervention, at each hospital level in the health-care system? (6) What is the optimal protocol for temporary management for the hemodynamically unstable patient with a pelvic or acetabular fracture?

Conclusions:

This modified Delphi study of orthopaedic trauma surgeons in Latin America identified geriatric hip fractures, polytrauma, open fractures, musculoskeletal infection, and pelvic and acetabular fractures as top research priorities. This information is important for resource allocation and goal setting for orthopaedic trauma in the region.
Meta-analysis of Cryogenian through modern quartz microtextures reveals sediment transport histories
Authors: Reahl Jocelyn N. , Cantine Marjorie D. , Wilcots Julia , Mackey Tyler J. , Bergmann Kristin D.
Published: September 2021

Quantitative analysis of quartz microtextures by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can reveal the transport histories of modern and ancient sediments. However, because workers identify and count microtextures differently, it is difficult to directly compare quantitative microtextural data analyzed by different workers. As a result, the defining microtextures of certain transport modes and their probabilities of occurrence are not well constrained. We used principal-component analysis (PCA) to directly compare modern and ancient aeolian, fluvial, and glacial samples from the literature with nine new samples from active aeolian and glacial environments. Our results demonstrate that PCA can group microtextural samples by transport mode and differentiate between aeolian transport and fluvial and glacial transport across studies. The PCA ordination indicates that aeolian samples are distinct from fluvial and glacial samples, which are in turn difficult to disambiguate from each other. Ancient and modern sediments are also shown to have quantitatively similar microtextural relationships. Therefore, PCA may be a useful tool to constrain the ambiguous transport histories of some ancient sediment grains. As a case study, we analyzed two samples with ambiguous transport histories from the Cryogenian Bråvika Member (Svalbard). Integrating PCA with field observations, we find evidence that the Bråvika Member facies investigated here includes aeolian deposition and may be analogous to syn-glacial Marinoan aeolian units including the Bakoye Formation in Mali and the Whyalla Sandstone in South Australia.
Burden of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Among Elderly in India: A Study Based on LASI Survey
Authors: Chauhan Shekhar , Kumar Shubham , Patel Ratna , Simon David Jean , Singh Aradhana
Published: September 2021

Background: While controlling the outbreak of communicable diseases (CDs) remained a priority, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are placing an unavoidable burden on the health and social security system. India, a developing nation in South Asia, has seen an unprecedented economic growth in the past few years; however, it struggled to fight the burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the burden of CDs and NCDs among elderly in India.Methods: Data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI Wave-I, 2017-18) were drawn to conduct this study. Response variables were the occurrence of CDs and NCDs. The bi-variate and binary logistic regression were used to predict the association between communicable and non-communicable diseases by various socio-demographic and health parameters. Furthermore, to understand the inequalities of communicable and non-communicable diseases in urban and rural areas, the Fairlie decomposition technique was used to predict the contribution toward rural-urban inequalities in CDs and NCDs.Results: Prevalence of communicable diseases was higher among uneducated elderly than those with higher education (31.9% vs. 17.3%); however, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases was higher among those with higher education (67.4% vs. 47.1%) than uneducated elderly. The odds of NCDs were higher among female elderly (OR=1.13; C.I. = 1-1.27) than their male counterparts. Similarly, the odds of CDs were lower among urban elderly (OR=0.70; C.I. = 0.62-0.81) than rural elderly, and odds of NCDs were higher among urban elderly (OR=1.85; C.I. = 1.62-2.10) than their rural counterparts. Results found that education (50%) contributes nearly half of the rural-urban inequality in the prevalence of CDs among the elderly. Education status and current working status were the two significant predictors of widening rural-urban inequality in the prevalence of NCDs among the elderly.Conclusion: The burden of both CD and NCD among the elderly population requires immediate intervention. The needs of men and women and urban and rural elderly must be addressed through appropriate effort. In a developing country like India, preventive measures, rather than curative measures of communicable diseases, will be cost-effective and helpful.
Gene-gene Interaction of AhR with and within the Wnt Cascade Affects Susceptibility to Lung Cancer
Authors: Rosenberger Albert , Muttray Nils , Hung Rayjean J , Christiani David C , Caporaso Neil E , Liu Geoffrey , Bojesen Stig E , Marchand Loic Le , Albanes Demetrios , Aldrich Melinda C , Tardon Adonina , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Rennert Gad , Field John K , Davies Michael P.A. , Liloglou Triantafillos , Kiemeney Lambertus A , Lazarus Philip , Wendel Bernadette , Haugen Aage , Zienolddiny Shanbeh , Lam Stephen , Schabath Matthew B , Andrew Angeline S , Duell Eric J , Arnold Susanne M , Goodman Gary E , Chen Chu , Doherty Jennifer A , Taylor Fiona , Cox Angela , Woll Penella J , Risch Angela , Muley Thomas R , Johansson Mikael , Brennan Paul , Landi Maria Teresa , Shete Sanjay S , Amos Christopher I , Bickeböller Heike , consortium INTEGRAL-ILCCO
Published: September 2021

Background

Aberrant Wnt signalling, regulating cell development and stemness, influences the development of many cancer types. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates tumorigenesis of environmental pollutants. Complex interaction patterns of genes assigned to AhR/Wnt-signalling were recently associated with lung cancer susceptibility.
Aim

To assess the association and predictive ability of AhR/Wnt-genes with lung cancer in cases and controls of European descent.
Methods

Odds ratios (OR) were estimated for genomic variants assigned to the Wnt agonist and the antagonistic genes DKK2, DKK3, DKK4, FRZB, SFRP4 and Axin2. Logistic regression models with variable selection were trained, validated and tested to predict lung cancer, at which other previously identified SNPs that have been robustly associated with lung cancer risk could also enter the model. Further, decision trees were created to investigate variant x variant interaction. All analyses were performed for overall lung cancer and for subgroups.
Results

No genome-wide significant association of AhR/Wnt-genes with overall lung cancer was observed, but within the subgroups of ever smokers (e.g. maker rs2722278 SFRP4; OR = 1.20; 95%-CI: 1.13–1.27; p = 5.6 10− 10) and never smokers (e.g. maker rs1133683 Axin2; OR = 1.27; 95%-CI: 1.19–1.35; p = 1.0 10− 12). Although predictability is poor, AhR/Wnt-variants are unexpectedly overrepresented in optimized prediction scores for overall lung cancer and for small cell lung cancer. Remarkably, the score for never-smokers contained solely two AhR/Wnt-variants. The optimal decision tree for never smokers consists of 7 AhR/Wnt-variants and only two lung cancer variants
Conclusions

The role of variants belonging to Wnt/AhR-pathways in lung cancer susceptibility may be underrated in main-effects association analysis. Complex interaction patterns in individuals of European descent have moderate predictive capacity for lung cancer or subgroups thereof, especially in never smokers.
Identifying Condom Catheter Component to Optimize Its Function As Intrauterine Balloon Tamponade (Iubt): A Laboratory Test
Authors: Muchlis Mumtihana , Rahman Muhammad Nurhadi , Noor Zannuba Arifah , Chairunnisa Meidini Rahmah , Kurniawati Yustina Tyas
Published: September 2021

Uterine atony is the primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage worldwide. Further management for severe bleeding or limited uterotonic is the insertion of intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT), and a modified condom catheter is the most affordable form of IUBT. However, it has some limitations that can emerge from the component of the tools. This study aims to identify the equipment component of the condom catheter and discover potential improvements to optimize its function as IUBT. Preclinical research under laboratory environmental conditions was conducted. Five condom types, six catheter sizes, and a type of macro drip IV tubing were included in the study. The specifications of all condoms were almost similar and did not significantly differ in capacity, shape, and leakage. The condom shapes were more rounded and had a high possibility of filling the uterine space entirely if tied in the middle instead of close to the tip based on the standard. There was no significant time difference (p = 0.111; CI95% 3.31–3.52) in draining the fluid when using large catheters (nos 18F, 20F, 22F, and 24F) and removing the catheter. However, not using a catheter should consider the device's required length and mother's comfort in early mobilization. Also, further clinical studies are highly recommended.
New challenges towards ecological management of Paliastomi Lake will significantly improve local environment with far-going global consequences
Authors: Abramia Grigol , Gverdtsiteli Leil , Eristavi Dimitri , Kalandadze Besik , Girgvliani Akaki , Weber Gero , Honecker Ulrich , Kubiniok Jochen , Golijashvili Alexander , Japarashvili Nana
Published: September 2021

The publication is addressing the problems of pollution from agricultural sources; municipal wastewater and industry in line with the bacterial pollution caused by migratory waterfowl of Paliastomi Lake that is an internationally recognized habitat, wintery and transit area of the birds and an important tourism site. It reviews: the current state of the environment of Paliastomi Lake at the moment of the chemical and microbiological research and mathematical simulation modeling of possible dissemination of polluting chemicals and bacterial pathogens; pollution by nutrient-rich water causing large blooms of algae and aquatic plants that in its turn leaves little oxygen for fish and other aquatic animals, resulting in the eutrophication followed by suffocation of aquatic life.
Pattern of Prescription Practices in Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhoea Cases in Out Patient Department of Tertiary Care Hospitals in West Bengal, India; A Cross Sectional Analysis through Rational Use of Medicine Consensus Approach
Authors: Chakraborty Debjit , Debnath Falguni , Kanungo Suman , Chakraborty Nabanita , Basu Rivu , Das Palash , Datta Kalpana , Ganguly Suman , Banerjee Prithwijit , Dutta Shanta
Published: September 2021

Background: Evaluation of prescription patterns would determine the drug utilization with main emphasis on rational use of medicine. The problem of irrational use of drugs is rampant particularly in developing nations. The present study was undertaken for evaluating the prevailed prescription patterns in tertiary hospitals with diarrhoea and/or Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) to address specific areas of deficiencies and deviation from the available guidelines. Method: We conducted this observational cross-sectional study from August 2019 to December 2020 in Medicine & Paediatrics outpatient departments and Urban Health Training Centre in two Government teaching hospitals in West Bengal, India. We included 630 prescriptions (511 – ARI, 119- diarrhoea) and evaluated in terms of disease and medicine prescribed including antibiotic related indicators. We compared prescription patterns across different age groups, different strata of prescribers and compared against WHO standards. A Rational Use of Medicine Consensus (RUMC) committee was formed and the prescriptions were assessed for appropriateness independently by a pharmacologist and clinician. Deviations, if any, were ascertained from the available guidelines and the acceptability of the deviations were determined by consensusResult: Age and sex were mentioned in all prescriptions however signs & symptoms, provisional diagnosis and follow up visit were mentioned in 90.3%, 4.9% and 67.9% prescriptions respectively. Body weight was mentioned in 88.5% of prescription of children (< 18 years). Higher rates of Fixed Dose Combination (51%), lower proportion of generic drug (23.3%) and adherence to hospital formulatory (36.5%) were some the major concerns identified. Antibiotics prescription rate (APR) and multiple antibiotic prescription rate (MPR) were respectively 57% and 10%; both found significantly higher for diarrhoea than ARI. Deviations from Standard Treatment Guidelines were found in 98.9% prescriptions and 90.4% of which were unacceptable. Agreement between clinician and pharmacologist was observed in 90% prescriptions (Kappa -0.114). Deviations were most commonly observed with prescriptions by interns and house-staff (99.6%), whereas acceptable deviations were more frequent among the residents (15%).Conclusion: We conclude that in light of identified irrational prescription patterns, development of level specific treatment protocol coupled with periodic training of physician including junior doctors is required to ensure rational medicine practice.
Anxiety and Depression Among Adult Tobacco Users During the COVID-19 Restrictions in India.
Authors: Bassi Shalini , Nazar Gaurang P. , Joshi Nishigandha , Sharma Nitika , Pandian Aishwarya , Mohan Deepa , Mohan Sailesh , Patel Shivani , Ali MK , McNeill Ann , Tandon Nikhil , Mohan V , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Arora Monika
Published: September 2021

Background
The world witnessed a highly contagious and deadly disease, COVID-19, towards the end of 2019. India is one of the worst affected countries. We aimed to assess anxiety and depression levels among adult tobacco users and people who recently quit tobacco during COVID − 19 lockdown in India.
Methods
The study was conducted across two Indian cities, Delhi and Chennai (July-August, 2020) among adult tobacco users (n = 801). Telephonic interviews were conducted using validated mental health tools (Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD-7) to assess the anxiety and depression levels of the participants. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to study the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety.
Results
We found that 20.6% of tobacco users had depression symptoms (3.9% moderate to severe); 20.7% had anxiety symptoms (3.8% moderate to severe). Risk factors associated with depression and anxiety included food, housing, and financial insecurity.
Conclusion
During COVID-19 lockdown, mental health of tobacco users (primarily women) was associated with food, housing and financial insecurity. The Indian Government rightly initiated several health, social and economic measures to shield the most vulnerable from COVID-19, including a ban on the sale of tobacco products. It is also necessary to prioritize easy access to tobacco cessation and mental health services to such vulnerable populations during pandemic situations.
Post-Acute Care Service use in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: McLarney Mitra , Shofer Frances S. , Zheng Jasmine
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Lung cancer patients experience functional deconditioning secondary to their underlying cancer and treatment yet rehabilitation service use remains low. The goal of this study is to compare post-acute care service use in lung cancer patients admitted to a metropolitan academic medical center. Methods: Adult lung cancer patients admitted from January 1, 2017 to August 31, 2018 with a diagnosis of lung cancer based on International Classification of Diseases 10, C34.0-C34.9, were included in this study. Patient characteristics including age, gender, race, marital status, functional status on admission, length of stay, and number of comorbidities were compared based on discharge setting. Results: 1,139 lung cancer patients were included in our study. The majority of patients discharged home with home care (51%) followed by home without services (35%), skilled nursing facilities (SNF) (10%) and acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) (4%). 44% (498) of patients were primarily admitted for their lung cancer diagnosis. In unadjusted analyses, patients who discharged to SNF compared to home were more likely to be older, black, unmarried, live alone and have died during the study period. Patients who discharged to IRF had longer acute care hospitalization length of stays. In adjusted analyses, age, number of concurrent comorbidities and length of stay significantly correlated with discharge location. Conclusion: Lung cancer patients are unlikely to be discharged to a post-acute care facility after an acute hospitalization. Rehabilitation service use differs by sociodemographic factors, concurrent medical history and functional status. Future study is needed to better understand why these differences in discharge setting persists.
Ononin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting ER Stress Through Activation of SIRT3
Authors: Sun Shimin , Weng Jingfan , Yang Qi , Huang Xingxiao , Zhang Hanlin , Sun Jing , Lu Wenqiang , Chi Jufang , Guo Hangyuan
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anthracycline antineoplastic drug, but the clinical application of DOX is seriously limited by its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Ononin is a natural isoflavone glycoside and plays a key role in modulating apoptosis related signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to assess the possible cardioprotective effects of Ononin in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Materials and methods

Wistar rats were treated with normal saline, DOX with or without Ononin. After the last administration, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Rats were then sacrificed for histological and TUNEL analyses, with immunological detection for β-actinin, Bax, Bcl-2, GRP78, CHOP and SIRT3. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to assess the myocardial injury markers. H9C2 cells were treated with vehicle, DOX with or without Ononin. Then, 3-TYP was used to find out the relationship between ER stress and SIRT3.
Results

Ononin treatment ameliorated DOX-induced myocardial injury as demonstrated by echocardiography. Ononin partially restored DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, both LVEF and LVFS were increased under the cotreatment of Ononin. Ononin also inhibited DOX-induced ER stress and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells. DOX group had a higher Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, GRP78 and CHOP expression then control group, but Ononin treatment improved these results. This effect was associated with SIRT3 activity, moreover, selective inhibition of SIRT3 blocked the protective effects of Ononin.
Conclusion

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Ononin may protect against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy through ER stress both in vitro and in vivo. Ononin is able to protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting ER stress and apoptosis, this effect may via stimulation of the SIRT3 pathway.
Evaluation of Collapse Sensitivity of Loess Soils and Its Effect on the Distribution Pattern of Pseudokarst Sinkholes at the Regional Scale (Case Study: Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran)
Authors: Zalaghaie Seddighe , Heidari Mojtaba , Nikudel Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2021

The spread of loess soils in Golestan Province in northeastern Iran has caused considerable environmental issues. To evaluate the effect of loess collapse on the spatial distribution of pseudokarst sinkholes in this province, we have prepared undisturbed samples from 31 locations and characterized their physical and mechanical properties. Moreover, the collapse sensitivity in different parts of the study area has been determined by odometer tests under different pressures and calculation of three parameters, namely, the collapse coefficient (Ic), the time required for 90% settlement due to soil collapse (T90%), and initial collapse stress. Additionally, by conducting field surveying, using aerial photographs, satellite images, and drone flight, the coordinates of sinkholes were identified, and a map of their geographical distribution was prepared. The overlap of the sinkholes distribution map and the coefficient of collapse changes map showed that although the amount of Ic of sandy loess soils (Zone III) is higher than that of silty loess soils (Zone II), the extent of destructive phenomena such as sinkholes is much greater in Zone II than in Zone III. The overlap of the map of sinkholes distribution with the map of changes in collapse sensitivity (Is) of loess soils showed that the density of sinkholes in Zone II (which has higher collapse sensitivity) is higher than Zone III. In Zone II, due to severe collapse sensitivity, the highest concentration of sinkholes is observed in a unit area, more than 0.18 per square kilometer. With a relatively severe to severe collapse sensitivity in Zone III, this concentration is 0.021 per square kilometer. In Zone I (clayey loess), with slight-moderate collapse sensitivity, this destructive phenomenon is observed in the form of side instability since the study area is located in highlands. Furthermore, in this area, the sinkholes (0.004 per square kilometer) have the least concentration.
Can an average THI from 70 to 72 in the Summer Affect Behaviour, Physiology, Performance, and Carcass Weight in Feedlot Steers?
Authors: Canozzi Maria Eugênia Andrighetto , Clariget Juan Manuel , Roig Gonzalo , Pérez Eduardo , Aznárez Valentín , Banchero Georgget , Manna Alejandro La
Published: September 2021

Environmental conditions during hot weather can decrease feed intake and cattle growth. This study conducted over three consecutive years (Trial 1, 2, and 3), in the same feedlot facility, evaluated access to shade as a strategy to mitigate heat stress of cattle finished during summer in Uruguay. Each year, 32 Bos taurus and/or Bos traurus crossbred steers (initially weighing 461 ± 28 kg) were blocked and assigned to one of eight pens (4 animals/pen), where one of two treatments were applied –no shade or shade access. Twenty-four pens were considered in a randomized complete block design. For Trial 1, 2, and 3, respectively, the average THI was 71, 72, and 70. Steers with access to shade had greater daily dry matter intake (P = 0.003), average daily gain (P = 0.004), final live weight (P = 0.04), feed:gain ratio (P = 0.05), and slaughter weight (P = 0.02) than no shaded steers. Ruminal pH was higher (P < 0.0001) in shaded than in no shaded animals. The average respiration rate and panting score was lower (P < 0.0001) for shaded than for no shaded steers, except in the early morning. Access to shade increased the time spent of animals feeding (P = 0.008) and ruminating (P = 0.001), decreasing inactive time (P < 0.0001). We concluded that shade could improve performance and welfare of feedlot cattle during summertime even in regions with an average THI from 70 to 72.
Natural selection at the RASGEF1C (GGC) repeat in human and divergent genotypes in late-onset neurocognitive disorder.
Authors: Jafarian Zahra , Khamse Safoura , Afshar Hossein , Khorshid Hamid Reza Khorram , Delbari Ahmad , Ohadi Mina
Published: September 2021

Expression dysregulation of the neuron-specific gene, RASGEF1C (RasGEF Domain Family Member 1C), occurs in late-onset neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease. This gene contains a (GGC)13, spanning its core promoter and 5′ untranslated region (RASGEF1C-201 ENST00000361132.9). Here we sequenced the (GGC)-repeat in a sample of human subjects (N = 269), consisting of late-onset NCDs (N = 115) and controls (N = 154). We also studied the status of this STR across various primate and non-primate species based on Ensembl 103. The 6-repeat allele was the predominant allele in the controls (frequency = 0.85) and NCD patients (frequency = 0.78). The NCD genotype compartment consisted of an excess of genotypes that lacked the 6-repeat (divergent genotypes) (Mid-P exact = 0.004). A number of those genotypes were not detected in the control group (Mid-P exact = 0.007). The RASGEF1C (GGC)-repeat expanded beyond 2-repeats specifically in primates, and was at maximum length in human. We conclude that there is natural selection for the 6-repeat allele of the RASGEF1C (GGC)-repeat in human, and significant divergence from that allele in late-onset NCDs. STR alleles that are predominantly abundant and genotypes that deviate from those alleles are underappreciated features, which may have deep evolutionary and pathological consequences.
What determines the values of environmental benefits? Evidence from a worldwide survey
Authors: Murakami Kayo , Itsubo Norihiro , Kuriyama Koichi
Published: September 2021

One of the key obstacles to building international cooperation for environmental problems is the fact that environmental benefits are valued differently in different countries. But where does the disparity come from? This study gives an answer to this question by analysing large-scale survey data collected across G20 countries. Combining lifecycle impact assessment and economic valuation techniques, we found that people's perceptions of environmental benefits are in fact diverse, but are highly correlated with a few social indicators such as life expectancy, the Gini index, and subjective well-being. Our findings suggest that improving these social indicators in otherwise ill-equipped countries will facilitate convergence of people's perceptions and will thereby establish a common ground for tackling global environmental issues.
Complete genome analysis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 phage vB_EcoP_E212, a novel genus Lederbergvirus
Authors: Wei Bingdong , Cong Cong , Zheng Lin , Chen Long , Yan Xiaogang
Published: September 2021

The features and genome annotation of a newly bacteriophage v B_EcoP_E212 (referred to as E212) which isolated from farm sewage collected in Jilin, China was describes in this study. Bacteriophage E212 belongs to the family Podoviridae, order Caudovirales through transmission electron microscopy. This phage specifically infects enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. The dsDNA molecule of phage E212 was 38252 bp in length and contained 46.98% G + C content. It has been predicted to contain 53 ORFs, and no tRNAs. Phage E212 carried the integrase gene, and no homologues of virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance genes were found in this phage. Phage E212 was assigned to the genus Lederbergvirus in accordance with nucleotide sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis.
Effects of pesticides on maize crop using experimental animals
Authors: Farooq Abdul Munim , Zameer Mariam , Tahir Ussal , Zahra Nureen , Yaqub Shazia , Qammar Zahida , Rahat Nida , Mazhar Hafiz Sabah-ud-din , Nasir Idrees Ahmad
Published: September 2021

In the present era the production and use of pesticides has been increased enormously and it has become the need to carry out such an assessment for the evaluation of pesticides effects on animals and mankind. For that, experiment has been performed to check the biosafety issue of pesticides by experimenting them on animals and also their toxicity has been analyzed on soil and plants. For this, maize crop was selected in the confined area. Pesticide used was Talstar that belongs to a pyrethroid group, and its active ingredient is bifenthrin. Plants were sprayed with this chemical and their toxicity was then checked on the animals. For such purpose four groups of chicken and two groups of rats were selected. Groups of chicken were divided as control, normal maize, high dose pesticide, and low dose pesticide whereas rats were divided as control and experimental group. They were subjected to the feeding trial of pesticide exposed feed for 45 days. Their weights were examined, and the high dose group showed significant effects. Biochemical analysis showed variations in the group belonged to high dose pesticide group. Immense increase in the number of platelets was observed in Wister rats. Morphological and histological study showed no prominent effects. Variations were seen in the negligible factors like weight and blood but only in the groups that were subjected to the high dose of pesticide. No microbial activity was disrupted. Plant growth was satisfactory. So, it is concluded that the effects of pesticides are dependent on time and duration. Hence, pesticides have both negative and positive effects in the welfare of human well-being.
Title: Experiences of Risk In Australian Hotel Quarantine: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Haire Bridget , Gilbert Gwendolyn L , Kaldor John M , Hendrickx David , Dawson Angus , Williams Jane H
Published: September 2021

Background: In response to the threat of COVID-19 infection, Australia mandated a 14 day quarantine period in a designated facility for all travellers returning from overseas from late March 2020. These facilities were usually hotels, or hotel-like serviced apartments, and also included a repurposed former mining village in the Northern Territory. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives and experiences of people quarantined in designated supervised facilities in Australia, which has not been systematically explored before.Methods: In this qualitative study semi-structured interviews were conducted with 58 participants quarantined between March 2020 and January 2021. Participants were returned Australian citizens and residents who were required to undergo mandatory supervised quarantine for COVID-19. Interviews were conducted using video teleconferencing (via Zoom), transcribed and coded, then analysed thematically. The theoretical orientation of the study was empirical bioethics.Results: While participants generally supported the concept of quarantine to protect the Australian public, they were critical of elements of it where they felt exposed to risk (COVID-related or not). They also described instances where infection control within the system seemed inadequate. For some, particularly those quarantined with small children, they reported that the facilities were inadequate or inappropriate for health and wellbeing. Using thematic analysis, three major themes were identified that related to problems in the existing system: Feeling at risk in the quarantine process, risks to the community identified in quarantine, and alternatives to hotel quarantine. Conclusions: There are systemic issues with infection control in hotel quarantine, which can be further undermined by individual non-compliance. Risks to safety for those in quarantine can be reduced, both in terms of infection control within hotel quarantine and, in the case of the Northern Territory facility, timely in-person medical care as needed for non-COVID conditions. Systems of infection control need ongoing review to ensure that people entering quarantine are protected from known risks of infection at every stage. Medical services in quarantine facilities should be examined to ensure timely and appropriate non-COVID medical services are available.
Cobs Porous Carbon-Based Materials With High Energy And Excellent Cycle Stability For Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Kigozi Moses , Koech Richard K , Orisekeh Kingsley , Kali Ravi , Kamoga Omar L M , Padya Balaji , Bello Abdulhakeem , Kasozi Gabriel N , Jain Pawan Kumar , Kirabira John Baptist , Onwualu Azikiwe Peter , Dzade Nelson Y
Published: September 2021

Background and purpose: For application in supercapacitors, improving the efficiency of the electrode materials is the most important for obtaining high performance. Porous carbon with suitable architectures is reliable for improved electrochemical capacitors. In this study, we optimized the maize cobs as a potential abundant precursor for the production of porous carbon supercapacitor applications. This research study aimed to advance on the activation method for Activation of the biomass and to up-cycling agricultural biomass into carbon-based porous materials for supercapacitor electrode application. The carbonized samples were kept in a desiccator for 3 hours to allow intercalation and interaction of the carbon lattice expansion by K+ ion before Activation [Topic, RQ]. Results: The physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized materials was carried out several techniques for determining different properties of the activated carbon from maize cobs, including; structural-functional groups, morphology, chemical composition, physical properties and electrochemical performance. The results revealed surface structure with oxygen-based functional groups carried by XPS and FTIR, the amorphous nature by XRD, high-temperature stability to degradation by TGA/DSC, among others. Also, the structural characterization revealed a BET specific surface area of 1443.94 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.7915cm3/g. Symmetric devices based on the produced materials delivered a specific capacitance of 358.7F/g with an energy density of 12.45 Wh/kg and a corresponding power density of 250 W/kg at 0.5A/g [Outcome]. Conclusions: The as-prepared electrodes exhibited excellent stability with the capacitance retention of 99% at the maximum potential for a repeated 10hr to a total of 130 h. The industries can commercialise these activated carbon materials for application in energy storage systems and water purification due to their porosity and high-temperature resistance to degradation [Contributions].