bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Thorax Model and 2D Grid of Force Sensors to Monitor Respiration
Authors: Dean Matthew R. , Martins Noah J. , Brown Joseph D. , McCusker James , Ma Guohua , Dow Douglas E.
Published: January 2020

Sleep disorders impair the quality of life for many individuals, but often go undiagnosed and untreated due to the cost and sleep-disturbing aggravation of polysomnography, the clinical sleep test. Simpler sleep monitoring systems that could be used at home may provide useful health information. A 2D grid of force sensors within a mat beneath the thorax of a sleeping subject has been reported to enable monitoring of respiration during sleep. A physical model of a thorax over such a 2D grid of force sensors may enable more tests and perturbations of parameters than could be done using only human subjects. The purpose of this project was to develop and test a physical model of a thorax undergoing volume changes, and measuring the changes in force by a grid of force sensors under the model. A prototype system was developed. Early testing shows promise for being able to monitor the changes in force as volume of the model changes. More development and testing are required toward development of improved algorithms and systems for sleep monitoring mats.
Analysis and Design of Twin Gyroscopes for Ocean-Wave Energy Converters and Ship Roll-Stabilizers
Authors: Murakami Hidenori , Ono Takeyuki
Published: January 2020

Twin-gyroscopic systems are designed for ocean-wave energy converters and ship roll-stabilizers to double desirable gyroscopic effects and eliminate undesirable reaction torques. In deriving analytical equations of motion, the configuration spaces of gyroscopic systems are defined by using body-attached moving frames. The moving frame of each constituent body is defined by its inertial coordinates of the center of mass and a rotation matrix which expresses the attitude of its coordinate axes from the inertial coordinate axes. Therefore, to utilize powerful Lagrange’s method, it is extended to accommodate rotation matrices in configuration spaces and allow angular velocities as generalized velocities.

First, in the paper, to identify undesirable reaction torques of gyroscopic systems and find a scheme to eliminate them, we present the basics of a reaction wheel. Second, to identify the desirable gyroscopic effect, we consider a control moment gyroscope and derive the equations of motion using the extended Lagrange’s method. In addition, the equations of motion are also derived by using the Newton-Euler method, where action and reaction torques are explicitly expressed. The comparison of the resulting equations derived by the two methods reveals the simplicity of Lagrange’s method in treating actuating motor torques and how the effects of reaction torques are implicitly included in the variationally derived equations. Finally, the equations of motion for a twin-gyroscopic system are obtained by incorporating the scheme to eliminate the undesirable reaction torques.
Survey of Computational Fluid Dynamics Software for Rotational Purposes
Authors: Bell Savannah B. , Blair Andrew C. , Wagner Lauren N. , Zou Vincent , Buendia Ali R. , Ashrafzadeh Farhad
Published: January 2020

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software has become an essential modeling tool to study and validate flow problems in engineered systems. Many computer-aided engineering (CAE) programs for CFD are available with different capabilities, making it difficult to select the best program for a specific application. This problem compounds in fields with static and rotational regions due to varying approaches for developing the computational mesh and performing flow rotation operations.

Three different CFD programs were reviewed and evaluated by analyzing a real-world problem: flow field analysis and power requirements of a spinning lawnmower blade. Simulations with SolidWorks, SimScale, and ANSYS Fluent were performed to study viscous and pressure forces on a lawnmower blade and compare quantitative and qualitative aspects of each software. The programs’ features, drawbacks, usability, and outputs were recorded and compared. Accuracy of the programs’ output torque was compared using torque data based on the differential power consumption of the electric lawn mower motor unloaded and loaded with the blade. The verification of methodology and results was approached with an analytical model based on drag relations around simplified geometry. Based on these analyses, Fluent provided more consistent solution accuracy with low computational costs and more versatile visualization capabilities.
Experimental Investigation of a Membrane Distillation System Using Solar Evacuated Tubes
Authors: Bamasag Ahmad , Alqahtani Talal , Sinha Shahnawaz , Phelan Patrick
Published: January 2020

Membrane distillation (MD) has been studied as a promising solution in the desalination industry but it has not been widely accepted or commercialized due to energy and cost concerns. MD is considered as a hybrid method that involves phase-change thermal processes and the use of membrane separation. Unlike conventional pressure-driven membrane methods such as reverse osmosis (RO), MD does not require intensive pre-treatment and can operate at lower pressure with higher salinities; but more importantly, it can utilize low-grade heat sources such as solar energy or waste heat for its operation. In this paper, an innovative MD module to directly employ solar thermal energy to assist in desalination is studied. MD systems that use solar energy as an external heater is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The proposed system, however, integrates hollow-fiber distillation membranes inside evacuated tubes solar collectors. As a result, the temperature is more uniformly distributed, minimizing the effect of temperature polarization, one of the key challenges of MD operation, thus can enhance the MD performance. The technical performance of the system is measured experimentally. The results of the proposed system are compared with a conventional MD process to investigate improvements in water production.
Neural Network Based Fault Tolerant Control for a Semi-Active Suspension
Authors: Rueda Villanoba Sergio Alberto , Borrás Pinilla Carlos
Published: January 2020

In this study a Neural Network based fault tolerant control is proposed to accommodate oil leakages in a magnetorheological suspension system based in a half car dynamic model. This model consists of vehicle body (spring mass) connected by the MR suspension system to two lateral wheels (unsprung mass). The semi-active suspension system is a four states nonlinear model; it can be written as a state space representation.

The main objectives of a suspension are: Isolate the chassis from road disturbances (passenger comfort) and maintain contact between tire and road to provide better maneuverability, safety and performance. On the other hand, component faults/failures are inevitable in all practical systems, the shock absorbers of semi-active suspensions are prone to fail due to fluid leakage but quickly detect and diagnose this fault in the system, avoid major damage to the system and ensure the safety of the driver.

To successfully achieve desirable control performance, it is necessary to have a damping force model which can accurately represent the highly nonlinear and hysteretic dynamic of the MR damper. To simulate parameters of the damper, a quasi-static model was applied, quasi-static approaches are based on non-newtonian yield stress fluids flow by using the Bingham MR Damper Model, relating the relative displacement of the piston, the frictional force, a damping constant, the stiffness of the elastic element of the damper and an offset force.

The Fault detection and isolation module is based on residual generation algorithms. The residua r is computed as the difference between the displacement signal of functional and faulty model, when the residual is close to zero, the process is free of faults, while any change in r represents a faulty scheme then a wavelet transform, (Morlet wave function) is used to determine the natural frequencies and amplitudes of displacement and acceleration signal during the failure, this module provides parameters to the neural network controller in order to accommodate the failure using compensation forces from the remaining healthy damper. The neural network uses the error between the plant output and the neural network plant for computing the required electric current to correct the malfunction using the inverse dynamics function of the MR damper model.

Consequently, a bump condition, and a random profile road (ISO 8608) described by the power spectral density (PSD) of its vertical displacement, is used as disturbance of control system. The performance of the proposed FTC structure is demonstrated trough simulation. Results shows that the control system could reduce the effect of the partial fault of the MR Damper on system performance.
Combined Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics - Ray Tracing Method for Simulations of Keyhole Formation in Laser Melting of Bulk and Powder Metal Targets
Authors: Shah Deepak , Volkov Alexey N.
Published: January 2020

A robust numerical method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is developed for simulations of laser melting of metals and melt pool dynamics. The method accounts for all major interfacial effects, including surface tension, Marangoni stress, recoil force due to vapor pressure, as well as mass removal and cooling due to evaporation. The developed SPH method is combined with a classical ray tracing method for prediction of propagation and absorption of laser radiation. The optimum values of artificial viscosity coefficient and number of SPH particles for developed method are found in preliminary simulations of the keyhole drilling by a continuous wave laser. The method is then used to study melt expulsion from a keyhole during laser drilling in two-dimensional simulations. It is also shown that the method can be used to predict the keyhole formation and material binding in selective laser melting of metal powders.
Energy and Economic Analysis of a Novel Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric System for Building Cooling Applications
Authors: Seyednezhad Mohadeseh , Najafi Hamidreza
Published: January 2020

An energy and economic analysis of a novel hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TEC) system for building cooling applications is presented. It is considered that the roof is constructed from building integrated photovoltaic panels (BIPV) and thermoelectric (TEC) cooling modules are installed on top of the ceiling. The TEC modules are supplied by the PV panels, reducing the ceiling temperature and therefore maintaining a comfortable temperature for the occupants. A mathematical model is developed in MATLAB to simulate the performance of the hybrid PV-TEC system. A building energy model is also developed in eQuest to simulate the performance of a case study office building in Melbourne, FL. The hourly cooling demands are evaluated from the building model, and the PV-TEC system is sized to satisfy the cooling loads accordingly. The total annual energy consumption of the PV-TEC system is then calculated for various operating conditions according to the given characteristics for the selected TEC module and the required number of PV panels to supply the thermoelectric system with adequate electricity is evaluated. The cost of the system and associated savings are determined and discussed in detail. The results show that the proposed system is capable of maintaining the set point temperature for occupants’ comfort. The initial estimated cost of the hybrid PV-TEC system is found significantly higher than conventional air conditioning systems. However, the attractive features of the proposed system including high controllability and maintenance free operation as well as no need to refrigerant or major moving part are some of the aspects that are promising for building cooling applications.
Designing a Robotic Mechanism for Cleaning Trench Drains
Authors: Kaushik Adithya , Dong Janet , Gao Ce , Elzarka Hazem
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the testing of a robotic mechanism for cleaning trench drains. The robot runs and operates inside the drain and cleans it without interfering with the surrounding traffic or the drain itself. The robot combines a three-step cleaning process to achieve maximum efficiency in cleaning of the drains. This three-step process includes breaking the dirt down inside the drain, sucking the dirt out of the drain, and transporting it to a collection unit. There is a drive system to move the robot inside the drain. The drive is bidirectional to control the robot motion as required. The robot also has a suction tube and cutting assembly with cutting arms to better facilitate the suction. The cutting arms have metal brushes installed, the rotation of which loosen the debris and push it towards the drain surface. Over the course of developing this robot, two prototypes were designed and built. All aspects relating to the fabrication and testing of the robot prototypes will be discussed in this paper.
Effect of Bolted Joints on Shock Propagation Across Structures Under Medium Impact Loading
Authors: Shojaei Pouya , Trabia Mohamed , O’Toole Brendan
Published: January 2020

A bolted joint is one of the most common fastening techniques. While the behavior of bolted joints under static or quasi-static conditions is well documented, their behavior under shock/impact loading is not well-understood. In many applications, where a bolted joint connects a sensitive component to the rest of a structure, it is important to interpret shock propagation through the bolted joints. This problem is further complicated owing to the fact that a bolted joint exhibits multiple types of nonlinearities, due to the interaction between the bolts and clamped parts, thread friction between the shank and nut, pre-tension, damping characteristics, and interference with the hole.

This study was focused on developing computational techniques for understanding shock propagation through a bolted joint. As a case study, the behavior of a bolted joint within a two-component cylindrical structure subjected to impact loading was considered. A finite element (FE) model of the fixture was developed. Two different approaches were considered. The first one modeled the bolt assembly as one part. The second model had the bolt and nut as separate parts. In this model, the tie contact between the bolt shank and the nut was defined using a shear failure criterion. Both models included bolt pre-tension. The two models were compared based on energy balance, acceleration signal, and displacement at the base of the fixture. The results indicated that the model with the separate bolt and nut resulted in a more realistic performance.
Damage Classification of Composites Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dabetwar Shweta , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Dias João Paulo
Published: January 2020

Composite materials have tremendous and ever-increasing applications in complex engineering systems; thus, it is important to develop non-destructive and efficient condition monitoring methods to improve damage prediction, thereby avoiding catastrophic failures and reducing standby time. Nondestructive condition monitoring techniques when combined with machine learning applications can contribute towards the stated improvements. Thus, the research question taken into consideration for this paper is “Can machine learning techniques provide efficient damage classification of composite materials to improve condition monitoring using features extracted from acousto-ultrasonic measurements?” In order to answer this question, acoustic-ultrasonic signals in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites for distinct damage levels were taken from NASA Ames prognostics data repository. Statistical condition indicators of the signals were used as features to train and test four traditional machine learning algorithms such as K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, Decision Tree and Random Forest, and their performance was compared and discussed. Results showed higher accuracy for Random Forest with a strong dependency on the feature extraction/selection techniques employed. By combining data analysis from acoustic-ultrasonic measurements in composite materials with machine learning tools, this work contributes to the development of intelligent damage classification algorithms that can be applied to advanced online diagnostics and health management strategies of composite materials, operating under more complex working conditions.
Integration and Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle and Goswami Cycle
Authors: Guillen Diego , Leveni Martina , Manfrida Giampaolo , Sanjuan Marco
Published: January 2020

Utilization of waste heat from an energy conversion process is a key step in improving the overall energy system conversion efficiency and reducing the cost of energy. Since a supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle is being considered as an important cycle for the conversion of solar energy to power, we propose to utilize the heat rejected from this cycle to feed a bottoming thermodynamic cycle. Goswami cycle can utilize the low temperature waste heat to produce both power and cooling in the same loop. Moreover, refrigeration and space cooling are usually more expensive than heating in most applications. This paper describes the modeling and simulation results of the combined Brayton and Goswami cycles. The mass flow ratio of the two cycles is determined by the heat exchanger effectiveness method, constraining the minimum allowed temperature difference. The operating parameters that yield the best performance in terms of overall cycle efficiency, net work, and cooling outputs were found through the optimization of a numerical model developed in MATLAB. The cooling production in the Goswami cycle is maximized at the expense of the net work in order to produce the maximum refrigeration output. A maximum combined efficiency for power and cooling generation above 45% can be found when the inlet temperature at the Brayton cycle is set at 700 °C.
Centrifugal Compressor Performance Prediction Using Gaussian Process Regression and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Cutrina Vilalta Pau , Wan Hui , S. Patnaik Soumya
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we use various regression models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the centrifugal compressor performance map. Particularly, we study the accuracy and efficiency of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Artificial Neural Networks in modelling the pressure ratio, given the mass flow rate and rotational speed of a centrifugal compressor. Preliminary results show that both GPR and ANN can predict the compressor performance map well, for both interpolation and extrapolation. We also study the data augmentation and data minimzation effects using the GPR. Due to the inherent pressure ratio data distribution in mass-flow-rate and rotational-speed space, data augmentation in the rotational speed is more effective to improve the ANN performance than the mass flow rate data augmentation.
Optimization of Heat Treatment Aging Process Parameters for 7050 and 7075 Aluminum Alloys
Authors: James Sagil , Roy Ambarneil
Published: January 2020

Among the different commercially used Al alloys, the 7000 series offers some of the highest mechanical properties making them the material of choice for several critical engineering applications. These Al alloys often required to undergo a heat treatment process to enhance its mechanical properties to the desired levels. This process, known as Heat Treatment (HT) is a multi-step procedure which involves heating of the alloy to a set temperature followed by rapid quenching in a solution consisting of either water or glycol. Finally, the quenched alloys are subject to aging at near room or elevated temperatures which results in achieving the desired temper that has the mechanical and metallurgical properties that are needed for the application. Achieving the desired results in the HT process is extremely challenging and time-consuming. The most common industry practice is to rely on both metallurgical and manufacturing experts and resort to the costly trial-and-error approach which results in lower productivity, poor quality, and a massive waste of time, money, and energy. While there exist standard industrial specifications on the range of values to be used for heat temperatures, age soak times, and quench rates, the range is often too broad to be of any practical significance.

The operators have to resort to a stop/restart approach while intermittently evaluating and testing the mechanical properties until the desired level is reached. Currently, there is a growing need to know the optimal operating parameters for the HT process. This study uses commercially available software to optimize the results for the heat treatment aging parameters using mechanical testing data such as hardness, yield strength, and electrical conductivity. Aging is the final step, and most of the time the longest step, in the HT process and therefore it is vital that the values such as age soak time are dialed in as much as possible to achieve the desired properties as soon as possible without wasting time, effort and energy.
Effect of External Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Yachao , Shi Jing , Su Yutai
Published: January 2020

Directed energy deposition (DED) is a major additive manufacturing (AM) process, which employs high energy beams as the heat source to melt and deposit metal powder in a layer-by-layer fashion such that complex components can be manufactured. In this study, a magnetic-field-assisted DED method is applied to control the microstructure and element distribution in the deposited materials. For this purpose, to control the microstructure of DED-built 316L stainless steel, a horizontal magnetic field is introduced during the DED process at different levels of magnetic field intensities (i.e., 0T, 1.0T and 1.8T). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) are used to characterize the microstructure of components obtained with different magnetic field strengths. The results show that the microstructure of deposited materials is significantly affected by the external magnetic field. Also, the result of interdendritic microsegregation pattern presents a transformation from continuous morphology to discrete morphology because of the applied magnetic field. Along with the increasing horizontal magnetic field intensity, nickel and chromium content are changed significantly in austenite and ferrite.
Total Blackout (Part 2)
Authors: Vogel Alois
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Total Blackout
Part 1
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

John Graham,Letters to a Distant Cousin
Chapters I-III
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Day in, Day out, Pohanka
Chapters IV-VII
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Day in, Day out, Pohanka
Chapters VIII-IX
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Day in, Day out, Pohanka
Afterword
Authors: Penelope Bond August Obermayer,
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Day in, Day out, Pohanka
Preface
Note on References

Authors: Barry Empson Tim Mehigan and
Published: January 2020

New Directinin German Studies
I. The New Context of German Studies
Overview

Authors: Mehigan Tim
Published: January 2020

New Directions in German Studies
German Studies in the USA: A History of Crises
Authors: Herminghouse Patricia
Published: January 2020

New Directions in German Studies
Feminism and German Studies in the United States
Authors: Lennox Sara
Published: January 2020

New Directions in German Studies
"A Happy Marriage of Convenience": Gender and German Studies in Australia
Authors: Lewis Alison
Published: January 2020

New Directions in German Studies
3.2. Typische Formen des Umgangs mit der "NS-Vergangenheit"
3.2.1. Teilung Österreichs in zwei Welten

 Methoden des Umgangs mit der NS-Vergangenheit

3.2.2. Geschichtslehrbücher

3.2.3. Drei Wege der medialen Darstellung der Vergangenheit nach Heidemarie Uhl

3.3. Stellung der Parteien zu den Ereignissen des Jahres 1934
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Romane
5.6. Symbolik
5.6.1. Apfel

5.6.2. Braun

5.6.3. Vögel

Bussard

Lerchen

5.6.4. Bilder als Symbole

5.6.5. Romantitel

5.6.6. Romanschlüsse

5.7. Reflexion, Psychologie und das Existenzielle

5.8. Sprache

5.9. Die Stimmigkeit mit historischen Fakten

5.9.1. Der kulturelle Aspekt

Film, Theater und Literatur

Bildende Künste

Rundfunk

5.9.2 Der soziologische, wirtschaftliche und politische Hintergrund

Jugend in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus, Rolle der Frau im NS-Staat

Antisemitismus und Judenvernichtung

Das Wissen oder das Nicht-Wissen um die Existenz von Konzentrationslagern

November 1938

Die Geschichte einer "Mischehe"

Widerstand

Kollaboration

Zusammenfassung

 5.9.3. Die Unstimmigkeit der historischen Fakten

5.10. Wozu dient Geschichte in den Romanen Alois Vogels?

5.11. Sind Schlagschatten und Totale Verdunkelung historische Romane? - Versuch einer Gattungsbestimmung

5.12. Charakteristika der Romane Schlagschatten und Totale Verdunkelung von Alois Vogel: Zusammenfassung

Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Romane
6. Alois Vogel im Kontext der österreichischen Literatur

7. Abschließende Bemerkung

8. Literaturverzeichnis

Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Romane
9. Anhang

9.1. Verzeichnis der Veröffentlichungen Alois Vogels

9.2. Korrespondenz der Verfasserin mit Prof. Alois Vogel, Frau Elke Vujica, Dr. Gerhard Trenkler u.a.

9.3. Das Interview mit Alois Vogel, durchgeführt von Ewa Mikulska-Frindo in den Tagen vom 15.-16. Juni 1995 in Pulkau - ein Auszug

Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Romane
Danksagung - Acknowledgements
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Lyrische Autobiographie
IM MORGENGRAUEN 10 Gesänge AT THE CRACK OF DAWN 10 Cantos
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Lyrische Autobiographie
FÄHRTEN LEGEN LAYING TRAILS
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Lyrische Autobiographie
Nachwort - Afterword
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Alois Vogel, Lyrische Autobiographie
Gespräch 11. November 1982
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

S. Ryan - Gerhard Roth: Gespräche
Interview 17th - 19th October 1980
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

S. Ryan - Gerhard Roth: Interview
11 APPENDIX B - CLASSIFICATION OF PRUZZISCHE VOKABELN
 11.1. Classification by number and word count

11.2 Statistical overview

11.3 Words of Uncertain Origin

11.3.1 Introductory remarks

11.3.2 Different types of uncertainties

11.4 Summary of findings
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

K. Brazaitis, J. Bobrowski, Pruzzische Vokablen
Briefe und Postkarten von Ernst und Fellix Delbrück
Das Jahr 1887 (13. Januar 1887-5. April 1887)

Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Delbrück-Briefe
Das Jahr 1887 (12. April 1887-22. Juli 1887)
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Delbrück-Briefe
Das Jahr 1889 (18. Juli 1889 - 29. November 1889)
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Delbrück-Briefe
2. The 'Märchenform' and Reflexions on Exile
2.1 Hin und Her: "Eine Posse mit Gesang" and the Exile Predicament

2.1.2 Fairy-Tale Elements
2.2 Himmelwärts: Märchen oder Mysterienspiel?

2.2.1 Compromise and Conscience: Horváth and the National Socialists

3. Figaro läßt sich scheiden

3.1 "Figaro wird bürgerlich"

3.2 Chidren, Comedy and Utopia

3.3 Revolution, Emigration and the Fictional World of Comedy

4. Die Komödie des Menschen: "Rückzug aufs Allgemeinmenschliche"

4.1 Historical Background of Ein Dorf ohne Männer and Pompeji
4.2 Humanist Ideas in Ein Dorf ohne Männer and Pompeji
4.3 Ein Dorf ohne Männer and Pompeji: Sources and Models

4.3.1  Die Frauen von Selischtje by Koloman Mikszáth

4.3.2 Plautus's Persa and Ein Sklavenball
4.4 Social Roles and Role-Playing

Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Horváth Comedy
V. CONCLUSION
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Horvá†h
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Horváth
INDEX
Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Horváth
I. PRIMÄRLITERATUR
1. Buch- und Taschenbuchausgaben der Romane, Stücke und Prosatexte Nr. 1-30

2. Vorabdrucke Nr. 31-78

3. Vermischte Schriften und essayistische Arbeiten in Zeitungen, Zeitschriften und Anthologien Nr. 79-199

4. Interviews, Gespräche und Porträts Nr. 200-250

5. Filme und Verfilmungen Nr. 251-268

6. Gerhard Roth als Herausgeber Nr. 269-270

7. Aufführungen der Theaterstücke, Rundfinksendungen Nr. 271-292

8. Fotoausstellungen Nr. 293

9. Preisreden Nr. 294-295

Authors: -- --
Published: January 2020

Gerhard Roth, Bibliographie 1966-1994
Evidence supporting synchrony between two active ears due to interaural coupling
Authors: Bergevin Christopher , Mason Andrew , Mhatre Natasha
Published: January 2020

Motivated by recent developments suggesting that interaural coupling in non-mammals allows for the two active ears to effectively synchronize, this report describes otoacoustic measurements made in the oral cavity of lizards. As expected from that model, spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) were readily measurable in the mouth, which is contiguous with the interaural airspace. Additionally, finite element model calculations were made to simulate the interaural acoustics based upon SOAE-related tympanic membrane vibrational data. Taken together, these data support the notion of two active ears synchronizing by virtue of acoustic coupling and have potential implications for sound localization at low-levels.
Reflection of an ultrasonic wave on the bone-implant interface: Comparison of two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical models
Authors: Hériveaux Yoann , Haïat Guillaume , Nguyen Vu-Hieu
Published: January 2020

Quantitative ultrasound is used to characterize osseointegration at the bone-implant interface (BII). However, the interaction between an ultrasonic wave and the implant remains poorly understood. Hériveaux, Nguyen, and Haiat [(2018). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 144, 488–499] recently employed a two-dimensional (2D) model of a rough BII to investigate the sensitivity of the ultrasonic response to osseointegration. The present letter aimed at assessing the validity of the 2D assumption. The values of the reflection coefficient of the BII obtained with two and three-dimensional models were found not to be significantly different for implant roughness lower than 20 μm. 2D modeling is sufficient to describe the interaction between ultrasound and the BII.
mSphere of Influence: the Mycobiota in Human Health and Disease
Authors: Lee Soo Chan
Published: January 2020

Soo Chan Lee works in the field of medical mycology. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how “Interactions between commensal fungi and the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 influence colitis” (Science 336:1314–1317, 2012,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1221789
) by I. D. Iliev, V. A. Funari, K. D. Taylor, Q.
Proposed Changes to U.S. Policy on Potential Pandemic Pathogen Oversight and Implementation
Authors: Inglesby Thomas V. , Lipsitch Marc
Published: January 2020

We propose here changes to the U.S. government policy on potential pandemic pathogen (PPP) oversight and implementation, emphasizing transparency of the review process and the content of the review, publication of the review in advance, responsible publication of enhanced PPP research, high-level signoff on approvals of enhanced PPP experiments, and the need for a significant effort to establish a common international approach to enhanced PPP work. We advocate that the U.S.
Virginity testing: recommendations for primary care physicians in Europe and North America
Authors: Crosby Sondra S , Oleng Nicolette , Volpellier Muriel M , Mishori Ranit
Published: January 2020

Virginity testing is a complex, culturally mediated practice that is poorly understood by Western clinicians. While advocating for global elimination of the practice of virginity testing as a human rights violation, clinical practice is often more complicated and ethically nuanced, and the clinician must act in the best interest of her patient. Upholding human rights does not have to be incompatible with providing a needed service to a patient, which should never include an invasive exam if not medically necessary, but should include education and safety assessments.
Impact of adult weight management interventions on mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Jones Rebecca A , Lawlor Emma R , Griffin Simon J , van Sluijs Esther M F , Ahern Amy L
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The effects of interventions targeting weight loss on physical health are well described, yet the evidence for mental health is less clear. It is essential to better understand the impact of weight management interventions on mental health to optimise care and minimise risk of harm. We will assess the effect of behavioural weight management interventions on mental health in adults with overweight and obesity.

Methods and analysis

The systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance. We will include behavioural weight management interventions with a diet and/or physical activity component focusing on weight loss for adults with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs will be the only eligible study designs. Outcomes of interest will be related to mental health. The following databases were searched from inception to 07 May 2019: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane database (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, ASSIA, AMED and CINAHL. The search strategy was based on four concepts: (1) adults, defined as ≥18 years, with overweight/obesity, defined as BMI ≥25kg/m², (2) weight management interventions, (3) mental health outcomes and (4) study design. The search was restricted to English-language published papers, with no other restrictions applied. Two stage screening for eligibility will be completed by two independent reviewers, with two independent reviewers completing data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Data permitting, a random-effects meta-analysis of outcomes, subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be conducted. If not appropriate, narrative synthesis and ‘levels of evidence’ assessment will be completed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The completed systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, at conferences and contribute towards the lead author’s PhD thesis.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019131659.
Emergency healthcare needs in the Lavender Hill suburb of Cape Town, South Africa: a cross-sectional, community-based household survey
Authors: Hodkinson Peter W , Pigoga Jennifer Lee , Wallis Lee
Published: January 2020

Objective

Emergency care is a key component of healthcare systems, but little is known about its real impact on communities. This study evaluated access, utilisation and barriers to healthcare, and specifically emergency care, in the low socioeconomic Cape Town suburb of Lavender Hill.

Design

A cross-sectional, community-based household survey.

Setting

Lavender Hill suburb in the Cape Flats of Cape Town, South Africa.

Participants

Two-stage cluster sampling was used to identify approximately 13 households in each of 46 clusters, for a total of 608 households. A senior householder responded on behalf of each household surveyed.

Primary outcome measures

Access to, utilisation of and unmet needs related to healthcare at large and emergency care.

Results

In August 2018, 608 households were surveyed, encompassing 2754 individuals, with a response rate of 96.4%. Almost a quarter of respondents (n=663, 24.1%) used the healthcare system within the last year. Female gender, advancing age, lower levels of education, recipients of disability grants, smaller household sizes and living in formal dwellings were factors associated with increased risk of unmet healthcare and emergency care needs. Only a small proportion of respondents (n=39, 1.4%) reported having unmet emergency healthcare needs, with wait times at facilities (n=9, 23.1%), emergency medical service delays (n=7, 17.9%) and personal safety (n=6, 15.4%) being prominent. There was a high prevalence of chronic medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemias) and recent deaths predominantly from trauma and malignancy.

Conclusion

The emergency healthcare needs of the community appear to be well catered for, although community expectations may not be high and many barriers exist, particularly in accessing emergency care—be it via ambulance services or at healthcare facilities—and caring for chronic diseases in the ageing population. The Lavender Hill community could benefit from programmes addressing chronic disease management and emergency care delivery within the community.
Quality improvement of intravenous to oral medication conversion using Lean Six Sigma methodologies
Authors: Downen Julie , Jaeger Cassie
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Lack of medication conversion from intravenous to oral contributes to increased risk of infection, delayed discharges and higher medication costs. At our institution, intravenous to oral medication conversion rate was 76% with missed opportunity for conversion of 37%. The goal of the project was to reduce the percent of missed opportunities for intravenous to oral conversion for applicable medications.

Methods

A pharmacy-driven intravenous to oral policy and procedure was implemented. To identify potential opportunities, a patient worklist of applicable intravenous to oral medications was created for pharmacy review in real time. An intravenous to oral conversion order was implemented in the computerised provider order entry. ‘Convert to oral’ was added as an option in the electronic medication request and highlighted reminders were added to the electronic medication administration record for eligible medications.

Results

After improvements, the missed opportunity rate for intravenous to oral conversion decreased from 37% (19/51) to 21% (24/113) (p=0.04, two-proportion test), a 43% improvement. The trend in intravenous to oral conversion rate increased from 76% (39/51) to 85% (171/201) and severity adjusted length of stay was reduced from 8.1 days to 6.4 days post improvements (p<0.001, t-test).
Changes in the prevalence and profile of users of contraception in Britain 2000–2010: evidence from two National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles
Authors: French Rebecca S , Gibson Lorna , Geary Rebecca , Glasier Anna , Wellings Kaye
Published: January 2020

Aim

To describe prevalence and trends in contraceptive method use in Britain through a comparison of the second and third National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-2 and Natsal-3).

Methods

Cross-sectional probability sample surveys. General population sample of women aged 16–44 years, resident in Britain, with ever-experience of vaginal sex and, for analysis by sociodemographic characteristics, vaginal sex in the last year. Main outcome measure was current contraceptive method use (‘usual these days’), categorised by effectiveness.

Results

Prevalence of current contraceptive use among women who had ever had vaginal sex declined between Natsal-2 and Natsal-3, 83.5% (95% CI 82.4 to 84.5) and 76.4% (95% CI 75.0 to 77.7), respectively. The condom and oral contraceptive pill remain the most commonly used methods. One in five women reported use of a most effective method. While no difference was found between surveys in use of most effective methods, a decline in sterilisation use was compensated by an increase in long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use. Increased LARC use was particularly evident among under-25s compared with women aged 40–44 years (OR 11.35, 95% CI 3.23 to 39.87) and a decline was observed among those with two or more children relative to those with none (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.35).

Conclusions

Strategies to improve access to LARC methods have been particularly successful in increasing uptake among young people in the first decade of the 21st century. Whether this trajectory is maintained given changing sociodemographic characteristics and more recent financial cuts to sexual health service provision will warrant investigation.
Variations in neonatal mortality, infant mortality, preterm birth and birth weight in England and Wales according to ethnicity and maternal country or region of birth: an analysis of linked national data from 2006 to 2012
Authors: Opondo Charles , Jayaweera Hiranthi , Hollowell Jennifer , Li Yangmei , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Quigley Maria A
Published: January 2020

Background

Risks of adverse birth outcomes in England and Wales are relatively low but vary across ethnic groups. We aimed to explore the role of mother’s country of birth on birth outcomes across ethnic groups using a large population-based linked data set.

Methods

We used a cohort of 4.6 million singleton live births in England and Wales to estimate relative risks of neonatal mortality, infant mortality and preterm birth, and differences in birth weight, comparing infants of UK-born mothers to infants whose mothers were born in their countries or regions of ethnic origin, or elsewhere.

Results

The crude neonatal and infant death risks were 2.1 and 3.2 per 1000, respectively, the crude preterm birth risk was 5.6% and the crude mean birth weight was 3.36 kg. Pooling across all ethnic groups, infants of mothers born in their countries or regions of ethnic origin had lower adjusted risks of death and preterm birth, and higher gestational age-adjusted mean birth weights than those of UK-born mothers. White British infants of non-UK-born mothers had slightly lower gestational age-adjusted mean birth weights than White British infants of UK-born mothers (mean difference −3 g, 95% CI −5 g to −0.3 g). Pakistani infants of Pakistan-born mothers had lower adjusted risks of neonatal death (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.98), infant death (aRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.94) and preterm birth (aRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.88) than Pakistani infants of UK-born Pakistani mothers. Indian infants of India-born mothers had lower adjusted preterm birth risk (aRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96) than Indian infants of UK-born Indian mothers. There was no evidence of a difference by mother’s country of birth in risk of birth outcomes among Black infants, except Black Caribbean infants of mothers born in neither the UK nor their region of origin, who had higher neonatal death risks (aRR 1.71, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.76).

Conclusion

This study highlights evidence of better birth outcomes among UK-born infants of non-UK-born minority ethnic group mothers, and could inform the design of future interventions to reduce the risks of adverse birth outcomes through improved targeting of at-risk groups.
Are self-reported health inequalities widening by income? An analysis of British pseudo birth cohorts born, 1920–1970
Authors: Jivraj Stephen
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The health of the British population has been shown to be worsening by self-reported health and improving by self-reported limiting illness for those born before and after 1945. Little is known about the inequality in health difference across British birth cohorts by income.

Methods

Repeated cross-sections from the British General Household Survey, 1979–2011, are used to create pseudo birth cohorts born, 1920–1970, and their gender stratified, age-adjusted limiting illness and self-rated health (SRH) are estimated by household income tertiles. Absolute and relative differences between the poorest and richest income groups are reported.

Results

Absolute inequalities in limiting illness between the richest and poorest households have doubled in women and increased by one and a half times in men for those born in 1920–1922 compared with those born in 1968–1970. Relative inequalities in limiting illness increased by a half in women and doubled in men. Absolute inequalities in SRH between the richest and poorest households increased by almost half in women and more than half in men and relative inequalities increased by 18% in women and 14% in men for those born in 1920–1922 compared with those born in 1968–1970.

Conclusion

Inequalities in self-reported health at the same age by household income have widened for successively later-born British cohorts.
Exercise and dementia prevention
Authors: Alty Jane , Farrow Maree , Lawler Katherine
Published: January 2020

Ageing, genetic, medical and lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Around a third of dementia cases are attributable to modifiable risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking and hypertension. With the rising prevalence and lack of neuroprotective drugs, there is renewed focus on dementia prevention strategies across the lifespan. Neurologists encounter many people with risk factors for dementia and are frequently asked whether lifestyle changes may help. Exercise has emerged as a key intervention for influencing cognition positively, including reducing the risk of age-related cognitive decline and dementia. This article focuses on the current evidence for physical inactivity as a modifiable dementia risk factor and aims to support neurologists when discussing risk reduction.
Effects of combined histamine H1 and H2 receptor blockade on hemodynamic responses to dynamic exercise in males with high-normal blood pressure
Authors: Naylor Ashley , Shariffi Brian , Gillum Trevor L. , William Boyer , Sullivan Sean , Kim Jong-Kyung
Published: January 2020

While postexercise hypotension is associated with histamine H1 and H2 receptor-mediated postexercise vasodilation, effects of histaminergic vasodilation on blood pressure (BP) in response to dynamic exercise are not known. Thus, in 20 recreationally active male participants (10 normotensive and 10 with high-normal BP) we examined the effects of histamine H1 and H2 receptor blockade on cardiac output (CO), mean atrial pressure (MAP), aortic stiffness (AoStiff), and total vascular conductance (TVC) at rest and during progressive cycling exercise. Compared with the normotensive group, MAP, CO, and AoStiff were higher in the high-normal group before and after the blockade at rest, while TVC was similar. At the 40% workload, the blockade significantly increased MAP in both groups, while no difference was found in the TVC. CO was higher in the high-normal group than the normotensive group in both conditions. At the 60% workload, the blockade substantially increased MAP and decreased TVC in the normotensive group, while there were no changes in the high-normal group. A similar CO response pattern was observed at the 60% workload. These findings suggest that the mechanism eliciting an exaggerated BP response to exercise in the high-normal group may be partially due to the inability of histamine receptors.

Novelty Males with high-normal BP had an exaggerated BP response to exercise. The overactive BP response is known due to an increase in peripheral vasoconstriction. Increase in peripheral vasoconstriction is partially due to inability of histamine receptors.