bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МНОЖЕСТВЕННОСТЬ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЭФФЕКТОВ СТАТИНОВ И ЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В УТОЧНЕНИИ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗА, "Успехи современной биологии"
Authors: Плужников Н. Н. , Чепур С. В. , Хурцилава О. Г. , Чубарь О. В. , Литвиненко И. В. , Накатис Я. А. , Бакунина Л. С. , Лобеева А. С. , Разумова Д. В. , Гоголевский А. С. , Тюнин М. А. , Мясников В. А.
Published: December 2018

Описаны эффекты статинов, опосредованные преимущественно ингибированием 3-гидрокси-3-ме-тилглутарил-кофермент А-редуктазы. Блокирование синтеза мевалоната приводит к снижению продукции как холестерина, так и изопреноидов, участвующих в посттрансляционной модификации множества участников внутриклеточной трансдукции. Именно статин-зависимое модулирование (изо)пренилирования клеточных белков определяет многообразие биологических эффектов препаратов этой группы. В качестве природных продуцентов различных статинов выступают представители микофлоры. В связи с этим допустимо предположение о наличии в составе кишечного микробиома человека мутуалистического микобиома, вырабатывающего в норме ингибиторы ГМГ-КоА-редук-тазы. Дефицит этих естественных ингибиторов, прошедших длительный отбор и лишенных недостатков известных статинов, нарушает гомеостатирование липидного обмена при дисбиотических состояниях, что позволяет рассматривать дисбактериоз в качестве патогенетического фактора атеросклероза.
Maui Wildfire and 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline Call Volume and Capacity
Authors: Rivera-González Alexandra C. , Purtle Jonathan , Kaholokula Joseph Keawe‘aimoku , Stimpson Jim P. , Ortega Alexander N.
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study examines 988 Suicide Crisis Lifeline Call data after the Maui wildfire in August 2023.
Organic Nitro Compounds for Batteries
Authors: Wang Donghong , Shao Qiwang , Cao Xianjia , Qin Mengxuan , Zhang Changyou , Zhu Lei , Wang Shasha , Li Qing , Liu Dongming , Zhi Chunyi
Published: November 2024

High‐performance energy storage technologies, with the representatives of rechargeable and redox flow batteries, are required due to the flying development of electrical gadgets and the increase in demand for sustainable energy supply. Nevertheless, most of these batteries are made of inorganic active materials with several critical deficiencies, preventing their further development. Organic nitro compounds (ONCs) are an appealing alternative in this context, providing the advantages of multi‐electron redox processes and adjustable battery performance by structural modification. In this review, the utilization of ONCs as the electrode materials of batteries, interfacial layer materials for metal batteries, as well as redox shuttle additives is explored. The authors also go over material design issues, together with the corresponding electrochemical reaction mechanisms, and an overview of related viewpoints and future research directions to facilitate the advancement of this field is provided.
Spleen‐Targeted mRNA Nanoparticles for Modulating B Cell Hyperactivation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Liu Yanpeng , Zhang Runnan , Qiu Nasha , Wang Shuai , Chen Jian , Xu Xiao , Xiang Jiajia , Shen Youqing
Published: November 2024

Messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based therapies have emerged as a revolutionary strategy for treating various diseases. In autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), targeted mRNA delivery provides a potential intervention to modulate immune responses. However, achieving specific and efficient in vivo modulation of immune regulators, such as the inhibitory Fc gamma receptor, FcγRIIB, on B cells remains challenging. In this study, lipid polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) formulated with AMB‐POC18 lipidoid and poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐polylactide (PEG‐PLA) are engineered to deliver FcγRIIB mRNA (mFcγRIIB) specifically to splenic B cells for RA treatment. Protein corona analysis indicated that selective adsorption of complement C3 on the LPNs' surface facilitated their targeted delivery to the spleen, enhancing transfection efficiency in B cells following intravenous administration. In a collagen‐induced arthritis mouse model, mFcγRIIB/LPNs effectively upregulated FcγRIIB expression in splenic B cells, significantly reducing autoimmune responses and alleviating RA symptoms. Further mechanistic studies elucidated that increased FcγRIIB expression suppressed B cell activation via the FcγRIIB/Lyn/SHP‐1 signaling pathway. This work underscored the potential of the spleen‐targeted mRNA delivery system for RA therapy, providing a precise and targeted approach to modulate B cell activity and mitigate autoimmune diseases.
Field‐Free Perpendicular Magnetic Memory Driven by Out‐of‐Plane Spin‐Orbit Torques
Authors: Liang Shixuan , Chen Aitian , Han Lei , Bai Hua , Chen Chong , Huang Lin , Ma Mingyuan , Pan Feng , Zhang Xixiang , Song Cheng
Published: November 2024

Magnetic memory based on spin‐orbit torque (SOT) is a promising candidate for the next‐generation storage devices. Materials that generate out‐of‐plane spin polarization (σz) are highly desired and actively pursued as the SOT generator, due to its ability to achieve field‐free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization. However, integrating σz into perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction for efficient data writing is not realized. Here, utilizing σz from antiferromagnetic spin Hall effect in Mn2Au, σz‐enabled field‐free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions is realized demonstrating a magnetic memory with both writing and reading electrically. The tunnel magnetoresistance ratio achieves 66% with a critical current density of 5.6 × 106 A cm−2 at room temperature. Such field‐free fully SOT switching is further directly confirmed by domain imaging via magneto‐optical Kerr effect microscopy. In addition to enabling field‐free switching, σz is proposed to assist ultrafast and more efficient switching of perpendicular magnetization compared with conventional in‐planes ones, based on simulations. This research advances the application of out‐of‐plane SOTs and paves the way for high‐density, high‐speed, and low‐power magnetic memory.
Promoting the Potassium Storage of 2D Layered Indium Sulfide Through Zinc Incorporation and MXene Coupling
Authors: Ma Liuyuan , Hu Junping , Deng Chengjiang , Mei Peng , Han Xiaoyan , Ba Haocun , Li Zihao , Zhang Daohong , Huang Shaozhuan
Published: November 2024

Metal sulfides have garnered lots of attention as prospective anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), yet their practical application is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics and structural degradation during cycling. Herein, a two‐dimensional  layered indium sulfide (In1.95S3) is reported for the first time with strategic zinc incorporation (ZnIn2S4) and MXene coupling, aiming at addressing these challenges. The ZnIn2S4/MXene (ZIS/MXene) heterostructure features vertically aligned ZIS nanoflakes on MXene nanosheets, rendering high K+ accessibility, rapid electron transport, and robust structural integrity. The water/glycerin molecule intercalation and strong interfacial coupling between ZIS and MXene induce significant interlayer spacing expansion, facilitating efficient K+ diffusion. Furthermore, the zinc incorporation notably reinforces the thermal stability, narrows the bandgap, and lowers the K+ diffusion barrier, as corroborated by experimental data and theoretical simulations. These improvements confer the ZIS/MXene anode with high reversible capacity (424.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate performance (185.2 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and outstanding durability (84.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1). In situ and ex situ characterizations reveal that the ZIS/MXene anode follows a multistep intercalation‐conversion‐alloying reaction mechanism, accompanied by a highly reversible nanoflakes to nanodots morphological transformation.
Laser‐Assisted Micropatterned 3D Printed Scaffolds with Customizable Surface Topography and Porosity for Modulation of Cell Function
Authors: Aboal‐Castro Lucia , Radziunas‐Salinas Yago , Pita‐Vilar Maria , Carnero Bastian , Mikos Antonios G. , Alvarez‐Lorenzo Carmen , Flores‐Arias Maria Teresa , Diaz‐Gomez Luis
Published: November 2024

The dynamic interaction between cells and their substrate is a cornerstone of biomaterial‐based tissue regeneration focused on unraveling the complex factors that govern this crucial relationship. A key challenge is translating physical cues from 2D to 3D due to limitations in current biofabrication techniques. In response, this study introduces an innovative approach that combines additive and subtractive manufacturing for precise surface patterning of 3D printed scaffolds. Using poly(𝜀‐caprolactone) as the scaffold material, polymeric fibers are 3D printed and subsequently laser‐engraved with femtosecond laser to precisely create controlled microtopographies, including microgrooves (10 and 80 µm in width) and micropits (25 µm in diameter). Testing shows that the process does not compromise the mechanical properties of the fibers, which is critical for structural applications in tissue engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells are used to investigate the effects of these topographical features on cell behavior. The 10 µm wide microgrooves notably enhance cell attachment, with cells aligning in elongated forms along the grooves, while micropits and unpatterned surfaces promote polygonal cell shapes. This combined approach demonstrates that precisely engineered microtopographies on 3D printed scaffolds can better mimic the natural extracellular matrix, improving cellular responses and offering a promising strategy for advancing tissue regeneration.
Spatiotemporal Programmability of 3D Chiral Color Units Driven by Ink Spontaneous Diffusion toward Customized Printing
Authors: Yang Wenjie , Zheng Chenglin , Sun Li , Bie Zhiying , Yue Yuchen , Li Xiuhong , Sun Wentao , Ikeda Tomiki , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2024

Blue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs) have exhibited promising applications in 3D flexible displays due to their molecular‐level self‐assembled chiral structures, fast response, and tunable polarized colors. However, there remain challenges for spatiotemporal programming of 3D chiral color units for BPLC dynamic patterning. Herein, the programmable temporal evolution of micrometer‐scale color units and spatial configuration switch of chiral modes are achieved by spontaneous ink diffusion‐driven asymmetric lattice deformation in dual‐chiral polymer‐templated blue phases. Custom‐printed colorful patterns are designed by machine learning‐assisted parameter optimization, which displays programmable multidimensional encrypted information that incorporates temporal evolving colors (wavelength), spatial distribution (depth), chiral modes (L/R). The quantitative relationship between ink diffusion kinetics and blue‐phase dynamic 3D structural optics is established by in situ characterization, finite element analysis, and mathematical geometry modeling. This work provides insights into the microgeometric manipulation of 3D chiral color of BPLCs in the application of information security and self‐adaptive indicators.
Exciton Dynamics in Layered Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Baek Sung‐Doo , Yang Seok Joo , Yang Hanjun , Shao Wenhao , Yang Yu‐Ting , Dou Letian
Published: November 2024

Layered halide perovskites have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and great promises in light‐emitting applications. Achieving high‐performance perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) requires a deep understanding of exciton dynamics in these materials. This review begins with a fundamental overview of the structural and photophysical properties of layered halide perovskites, then delves into the importance of dimensionality control and cascade energy transfer in quasi‐2D PeLEDs. In the second half of the review, more complex exciton dynamics, such as multiexciton processes and triplet exciton dynamics, from the perspective of LEDs are explored. Through this comprehensive review, an in‐depth understanding of the critical aspects of exciton dynamics in layered halide perovskites and their impacts on future research and technological advancements for layered halide PeLEDs is provided.
Single‐Atom‐Layer Metallization of Plasmonic Semiconductor Surface for Selectively Enhancing IR‐Driven Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into CH4
Authors: Lu Na , Jiang Xiaoyi , Zhu Yongan , Yu Linqun , Du Shiwen , Huang Jindou , Zhang Zhenyi
Published: November 2024

Efficient harvesting and utilization of abundant infrared (IR) photons from sunlight is crucial for the industrial application of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Plasmonic semiconductors have significant potential in absorbing low‐energy IR photons to generate energetic hot electrons. However, modulating these hot electrons to selectively enhance the activity of CO2 reduction into CH4 remains a challenge. Herein, the study proposes a single‐atom‐layer (SAL) metallization strategy to enhance the generation of IR‐driven hot electrons and facilitate their transfer from plasmonic semiconductors to CO2 for producing CH4. This strategy is demonstrated using a paradigmatic W18O49@W‐Sn nanowire array (NWA), where Sn2+ ions are grafted onto exposed O atoms on the surface of plasmonic W18O49 to form a surface W‐Sn SAL. The incorporation of Sn single atoms enhances plasmonic absorption in IR light for W18O49 NWA. The W‐Sn SAL not only promotes CO2 adsorption and reduces its reaction activation energy barrier but also shifts the endoergic CO‐protonation process toward an exoergic reaction pathway. Thus, the W18O49@W‐Sn NWA exhibits >98% selectivity for IR‐driven CO2 reduction to CH4 with an activity over 9.0 times higher than that of bare W18O49 NWA. This SAL metallization strategy can also be applied to other plasmonic semiconductors for selectively enhancing CO2‐to‐CH4 reduction reactions.
Bixbyite‐Type Zirconium Tantalum Oxynitride Thin Films as Composition‐Tunable High Refractive Index Semiconductors
Authors: Wagner Laura I. , Canever Alessia , Sirotti Elise , Jiang Chang‐Ming , Munnik Frans , Streibel Verena , Sharp Ian D.
Published: November 2024

Multinary nitrides and oxynitrides offer a range of tunable structural and optoelectronic properties. However, much of this vast compositional space remains to be explored due to the challenges associated with their synthesis. Here, reactive sputter deposition is used to synthesize isostructural polycrystalline zirconium tantalum oxynitride thin films with varying cation ratios and systematically explore their structural and optical properties. All films possess the cubic bixbyite‐type structure and n‐type semiconducting character, as well as composition‐tunable optical bandgaps in the visible range. Furthermore, these compounds exhibit remarkably high refractive indices that exceed a value 2.8 in the non‐absorbing sub‐bandgap region and reach 3.2 at 589 nm for Ta‐rich compositions. Photoemission spectroscopy reveals non‐uniform shifts in electron binding energies that indicate a complex interplay of structural and compositional effects on interatomic bonding. In addition to being high‐index materials, the measured band edge positions of the films align favorably with the water oxidation and reduction potentials. Thus, this tunable materials family offers prospects for diverse optoelectronics application, including for production of photonic metamaterials and for solar water splitting.
Pseudo Molecular Doping and Ambipolarity Tuning in Si Junctionless Nanowire Transistors Using Gaseous Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Vardhan Vaishali , Biswas Subhajit , Ghosh Sayantan , Tsetseris Leonidas , Ghoshal Tandra , Hellebust Stig , Georgiev Yordan M. , Holmes Justin D.
Published: November 2024

Ambipolar transistors facilitate concurrent transport of both positive (holes) and negative (electrons) charge carriers in the semiconducting channel. Effective manipulation of conduction symmetry and electrical characteristics in ambipolar silicon junctionless nanowire transistors (Si‐JNTs) is demonstrated using gaseous nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This involves a dual reaction in both p‐ and n‐type conduction, resulting in a significant decrease in the current in n‐conduction mode and an increase in the p‐conduction mode upon NO2 exposure. Various Si‐JNT parameters, including “on”‐current (Ion), threshold voltage (Vth), and mobility (µ) exhibit dynamic changes in both the p‐ and n‐conduction modes of the ambipolar transistor upon interaction with NO2 (concentration between 2.5 – 50 ppm). Additionally, NO2 exposure to Si‐JNTs with different surface morphologies, that is, unpassivated Si‐JNTs with a native oxide or with a thermally grown oxide (10 nm), show distinct influences on Ion, Vth, and µ, highlighting the effect of surface oxide on NO2‐mediated charge transfer. Interaction with NO2 alters the carrier concentration in the JNT channel, with NO2 acting as an electron acceptor and inducing holes, as supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, providing a pathway for charge transfer and “pseudo” molecular doping in ambipolar Si‐JNTs.
Understanding and Regulating the Mechanical Stability of Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Batteries
Authors: Li Jia‐Lin , Wang Ya‐Nan , Sun Shu‐Yu , Zheng Zhao , Gao Yao , Shi Peng , Zhao Yan‐Jie , Li Xing , Li Quan , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: November 2024

The unstable interface between reactive anodes and electrolytes in batteries has been identified as a critical factor in limiting the long‐cycle stability of batteries. An effective solution is to build a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that acts as a passivation layer to mitigate the side reactions between reactive anodes and electrolytes. The mechanical stability of SEI is important because SEI with poor mechanical stability cannot survive the volume and topography fluctuation of the anode upon cycling. The stress built‐up would cause mechanical failure of SEI, resulting in exposure of the fresh anode surface to the electrolyte, consuming the limited active materials and electrolytes, and inducing rapid battery decay. Therefore, understanding and regulating the mechanical stability of SEI is imperative for improving battery cycle life. In this review, the mechanical properties of SEI are discussed. Then, advanced characterization tools to measure the mechanical properties of SEI are introduced. Additionally, recent progress on improving the mechanical stability of SEI is presented in terms of in situ and ex situ modifications of SEI. Finally, an insightful outlook is provided to further understand and regulate the mechanical stability of SEI for improving battery performance.
Radical‐Scavenging Lithium Salt for Stable High‐Voltage Li||LiCoO2 Batteries
Authors: Yang Jinhua , Yu Jiangtao , Ma Xinyu , Zou Xiuyang , Yang Mingchen , Sun Shipeng , Wu Mingzhu , Hu Yin , Yan Feng
Published: November 2024

High‐voltage cathodes improve the energy density of the batteries, which satisfies the pursuit of high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, layered lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) cathodes suffer from severe interfacial side reactions under high voltage (4.6 V), which is detrimental for practical applications. Herein, a functional lithium salt, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxyl‐4‐sulfate lithium (TEMPO‐OSO3Li) is developed that possesses radical‐scavenging anion TEMPO‐OSO3−. The anion accumulates at the cathode interface and effectively scavenges free radicals under the electric field at high voltage, thereby, inhibiting the electrolyte decomposition and interfacial side reactions. As a result, the Li||LiCoO2 batteries with dual‐salt (TEMPO‐OSO3Li (0.02 m) and LiPF6 (1 m)) electrolyte exhibit high capacity retention of 92% after 100 cycles at 4.6 V and maintain 81% after 200 cycles, which is superior to that of the baseline electrolyte (26%). The work demonstrates a promising strategy for designing electrolyte salts to realize the practical application of LiCoO2 at high voltage.
From Clinical Observation to Genetic Confirmation: Somatic Mosaic Mutations in RHOA on Ectodermal Dysplasia With Multi‐System Involvement
Authors: Durmusalioglu Enise Avci , Dogan Yusuf Can , Tan Turkan Turkut , Cogulu Dilsah , Isik Esra , Cogulu Ozgur , Atik Tahir
Published: November 2024

Ectodermal dysplasia with facial dysmorphism and acral, ocular, and brain anomalies (EDFAOB) is a rare neuroectodermal syndrome caused by somatic mosaic mutations in the RHOA gene. It presents with linear skin hypopigmentation, facial and limb asymmetry, dental and acral anomalies, and leukoencephalopathy, generally preserving intellectual and neurological functions. We report two cases of EDFAOB. Both cases initially presented with notable facial‐body asymmetry, thin hair, dental issues, digital anomalies, and Blaschko's lines‐aligned hypopigmentation. A 6‐year‐old girl exhibited esotropia, visual center atrophy, and bilateral white matter hyperintensities on MRI. A 10‐year‐old girl had unilateral hyperintense lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere on MRI. Both had normal neuromotor development without intellectual impairment. RHOA gene sequencing from hypopigmented skin biopsies revealed the c.139G > A (p.Glu47Lys) mutation, with allele fractions of 20% and 10%, respectively, absent in blood leukocytes and parental DNA. These cases highlight the clinical and genetic features of EDFAOB and underscore the importance of thorough clinical evaluation to guide precise genetic testing. The identification of mutations exclusively in affected tissues supports a postzygotic mosaic distribution, refining the diagnostic approach for this syndrome.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Dibenzo‐Fused Perioctacene
Authors: Xu Xiushang , Moshniaha Liliia , Vasylevskyi Serhii , Kabe Ryota , Ohto Tatsuhiko , Narita Akimitsu
Published: November 2024

Dibenzoperioctacene (DBPO) with extended zigzag edges was synthesized and unambiguously characterized by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Variable‐temperature (VT) NMR analysis indicated the closed‐shell character of DBPO, yet the bond lengths in the single‐crystal structure of DBPO aligned more closely with those of open‐shell teranthene than closed‐shell bisanthene. Spin‐unrestricted density functional theory (DFT) calculations using various methods supported that ground state of DBPO might be on the borderline between closed‐ and open‐shell singlet states, with a large singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST), consistent with the VT NMR and bond‐length analyses. UV/Vis‐near infrared (NIR) absorption spectrum showed the longest‐wavelength peak at 905 nm, marking the NIR optical properties of DBPO. DBPO exhibited a tendency to react with atmospheric oxygen, which additionally hinted at its possible open‐shell character. Furthermore, the oxidized species of non‐fluorescent DBPO exhibited strong emission at 820 and 915 nm.
Green Combustion Synthesis of Copper Magnesium Vanadate (CuMgV) NPs Using Neem Extract: Its Photocatalytic and Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Alam Mir Waqas
Published: November 2024

Organic dyes are a substantial contribution to environmental pollution and are considered as hazardous. These compounds are widely used in various industries like textiles, food, paper, cosmetics, and printing. A cationic dye, such as Fast Blue (FB) and Congo Red (CR), is an example of organic compound with several commercial uses but dangerous for environment and human beings. Copper Magnesium Vanadate NPs (CuMgV NPs) were successfully prepared using the combustion method in which Neem extract was used as a fuel. The XRD, FTIR, and FESEM techniques were used to analyze the sample's structure and morphology. The XRD reveals monoclinic structure of the CuMgV NPs with average particle size around 30 nm. The presence of tiny particles that prefabricated to form a widely distributed, spherical shape, and size between 15 and 25 nm was observed by HRTEM microscopic investigations. The CuMgV NPs were assessed using several electrochemical techniques. In photocatalytic tests, 120 min of UV light irradiation was sufficient to achieve a 58% and 55.52% decolorization rate for the industrial pollutants CR and Fast FB dyes. CuMgV NPs were found to have a specific capacitance value of 560.5 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 and a retention rate of 89% after 4000 cycles. These features promote the production of NPs for energy and environmental applications and provide greater insight into the characteristics of the material.
Addressing the diversity principle–practice gap in Western higher education institutions: A systematic review on intersectionality
Authors: Lukkien Tessa , Chauhan Trishna , Otaye‐Ebede Lilian
Published: November 2024

Extant research has focused on the barriers faced by minority faculty in academia. Despite outward notions of commitment to diversity, higher education institutions remain largely exclusive to anyone who does not prescribe to the ‘ideal’ faculty. Recently, more attention has been given to minority faculty who possess intersectional identities, highlighting their increased marginalisation. Equality, diversity and inclusivity (EDI) initiatives have been identified as a primary enabler of supporting minority groups, yet research on intersectionality and its operationalisation into practice is relatively scattered across disciplines. To provide an evidence‐based analysis and integration, this article systematically reviews the literature on intersectionality in the context of higher education using common intersectional categories. We systematically reviewed and thematically summarised key findings of 38 empirical studies conducted from 1990 to 2022, in which key recommendations related to EDI were identified. Recommendations were categorised into three levels based on where the onus for action lay: individual, organisational and institutional. Through an intersectional lens, our paper provides theoretical insights into the problematic nature of power and critiques of EDI initiatives. While we provide practitioners with tangible recommendations to redress intersectional inequality in academia, we heed caution on being overly reductionist and contend there is no single solution, delineating the importance of context in applying recommendations. Future research is needed to empirically evaluate the operationalisation of intersectionality vis‐à‐vis adopting a praxis lens.
Hypertensive Encephalopathy Triggered by Indomethacin Use
Authors: Plitman Jane , Raco Vanessa , Wu Peter E.
Published: November 2024

We present the case of a man in his 70s who developed acute confusion from hypertensive encephalopathy triggered by indomethacin. He was recently prescribed indomethacin, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) for headaches. However, his headaches were in the context of worsening hypertension that was treated with trandolapril. The use of indomethacin consequently worsened his underlying condition. On presentation to the emergency department, his blood pressure was 190/110 mmHg. Bloodwork including electrolytes, glucose, metabolic studies, renal and liver function were within normal limits; infectious workup including blood and urine cultures subsequently returned negative; and brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no acute process to explain his presentation. Indomethacin was discontinued and the patient's hypertension was treated with amlodipine. Both his confusion and underlying headaches resolved as his blood pressure normalized. The patient was diagnosed with hypertensive encephalopathy triggered by indomethacin. NSAID use can trigger blood pressure decompensation, especially in patients with underlying hypertension; this effect is particularly pronounced in patients treated with anti‐hypertensive medications that inhibit the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone (RAS) system. Symptomatic treatment with NSAIDs is not without potential harm; it is important to carefully consider a patient's underlying diagnosis, indication for therapy and risk for adverse effects.
Meso‐β Monofused Porphyrins: Synthesis, Structural, Spectral, Electrochemical and DFT Studies and Their Efficient Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Sohel Bulbul Amir , Jangra Reena , Kuriakose Albin , Nath Acharyya Jitendra , Vijaya Prakash G. , Sankar Muniappan
Published: November 2024

Three new series of β‐to‐ortho‐phenyl monofused porphyrins, denoted as MMFP(MN)X2 (where MFP=monofused porphyrin, MN=malononitrile and X=H or Br) and MMFP(MN)MB (where MB=mono benzo, M=2H, Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) were designed and successfully synthesized with good yields. These compounds were thoroughly characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Notably, three of the monofused porphyrins; CoMFP(MN)Br2, CuMFP(MN)Br2 and ZnMFP(MN)MB crystallized unambiguously in a triclinic crystal system with a
space group. The twist angle values for these structures ranged from 14.03° to 21.35°. The meso‐β peripheral fusion and substituents led to tunable electronic spectral features across the synthesized porphyrins. The first reduction and oxidation potentials of all the investigated monofused porphyrins exhibited significant anodically shift as compared to their parent tetraphenylporphyrins (TPPs), attributed to peripheral fusion and electron‐withdrawing substituents, which collectively led to a reduced HOMO–LUMO gap. Ultrafast third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) studies revealed that these monofused porphyrins showed a strong two‐photon absorption coefficient (β=0.18–39.06×10−11 m/W) and effective cross‐section (
=0.03–8.05×105 GM) values along with self‐defocusing negative nonlinear refraction behaviour (n2=(−)0.5–5.28×10−16 m2/W). These findings open new avenues for the application of meso‐β fused porphyrins in optical limiters, optical devices and other optoelectronic applications.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of patient‐relevant outcomes in comprehensive cancer centers versus noncomprehensive cancer centers
Authors: Thamm Carla , Button Elise , Johal Jolyn , Knowles Reegan , Gulyani Aarti , Paterson Catherine , Halpern Michael T. , Charalambous Andreas , Chan Alexandre , Aranda Sanchia , Taylor Carolyn , Chan Raymond J.
Published: November 2024

This systematic review describes difference in patient‐relevant outcomes between comprehensive cancers (CCCs) versus non‐CCCs. Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Epistemonikos, and gray literature from January 2002 to May 2024. Data were extracted and appraised by two authors. Results were narratively synthesized, and meta‐analyzed where appropriate. Of 2272 records screened, 36 observational studies were included, predominantly from the United States, and focused on adults with solid cancers. Compared to non‐CCCs, studies consistently or predominantly reported superior outcomes at CCCs relating to mortality and survival, quality of peri‐ and postoperative care, rates of cancer recurrence or progression, and impact on symptoms and health‐related quality of life. Meta‐analysis showed a significantly lower overall mortality risk of 23% in CCCs compared to non‐CCCs (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.81, p < .001), with medium heterogeneity (I2 = 64.61%; Q‐test = 36.29, p < .01) observed between the studies. Studies reporting on health equity and costs outcomes consistently or predominantly favored non‐CCCs over CCCs. Mixed results were reported for outcomes relating to time to care, palliative and end‐of‐life care, and health care utilization. The literature reports CCCs are associated with superior outcomes in many areas, especially around mortality and survival. Greater focus is needed to explore outcomes that are important to people with cancer including health‐related quality of life, symptoms, and treatment experience, and economic evaluation. Rather than aiming for superior outcomes, CCCs should be striving to enable equitable, high value, patient‐centered outcomes for all people affected by cancer.
The Combination of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (gC3N4) and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Green Photooxidation of Benzylic Alcohols
Authors: Merkulov Vladislav G. , Turova Olga V. , Ivanova Elizaveta A. , Kuchurov Ilya V. , Zharkov Mikhail N. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: November 2024

The research focuses on the innovative use of graphite‐like carbon nitride (gC3N4) catalysts along with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for the green synthesis of valuable organic compounds. Having explored different synthetic routes for gC3N4 and the obtained samples efficiency in the photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol with molecular oxygen in scCO2, we identified the most effective catalyst bearing ether linkers between layers of a graphite‐like structure. This catalyst facilitates the production of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid derivatives, highlighting the potential for sustainable industrial applications. The study's emphasis on a metal‐free catalyst and a zero‐waste process underlines its contribution to environmentally friendly chemical practices. The proposed approach offers a more sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional processes in small‐scale chemical production.
Scientometric and content analysis‐based review of employees in micro‐level corporate social responsibility research
Authors: Alfa Atia Alpha , Aryee Raphael , Manu Franklyn , Kpekpena Israel
Published: November 2024

In today's fiercely competitive business climate, organisations face challenges that necessitate the implementation of policies to bolster their strategic advantage, regardless of their size or location. One effective strategy employed by present‐day organizations to attain enhanced effectiveness and competitive edge is corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study presents a comprehensive scientometric analysis evaluating current research on micro‐level CSR. This investigation provides valuable insight into current micro‐level CSR research. Utilizing a science mapping method, 4286 Scopus bibliographic records were quantitatively and systematically examined. The findings reveal the most prolific authors, journals, institutions, countries, article citations and co‐occurrence network of keywords via cluster analysis. Additionally, the qualitative analysis uncovered five distinct micro‐level themes concerning CSR, including concepts, drivers, evaluations, reactions, and research design. This study is the first of its kind, and its findings add valuable insights to the existent knowledge. It provides an exhaustive and current literature review of micro‐level CSR. Trends and patterns of the micro‐level CSR field are visualized and comprehended, and the primary research networks, journals, institutions, and countries, along with their interconnections are identified. Furthermore, it introduces a comprehensive framework that classifies the different categories of micro‐level CSR research. Lastly, it highlights the inadequacies in current research and offers insights for future studies. This study will serve as a point of reference for policymakers, practitioners, and research and development agencies.
Association between locomotor muscle quality and cardiac function during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sharif Salaheddin M. , Smith Joshua R. , Borlaug Barry A. , Olson Thomas P.
Published: November 2024

Aims

Muscle quality (MQ) is used to assess skeletal muscle function; however, the relationship between MQ and cardiac function during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unknown. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the relationship between locomotor MQ and cardiac function during exercise in HFpEF.

Methods and results

A total of 22 HFpEF patients and 23 healthy matched controls (CTL) were recruited. Body composition including leg lean mass percentage (LL%) was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured. Cardiac output (CO) was measured via the open‐circuit acetylene wash‐in technique, heart rate by electrocardiogram, and cardiac power output (CPO) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured manually and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated. MQ was calculated as peak watts divided by LL%. LL% was significantly lower in HFpEF than in CTL (p < 0.05). At peak exercise, workload, VO2, CO, and CPO were significantly lower in HFpEF (p < 0.05 for all). MQ was significantly lower in HFpEF than in CTL (1.6 ± 0.4 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6 W/%, p < 0.0001). MQ was positively correlated with CO (r = 0.51), CPO (r = 0.72) and MAP (r = 0.64) in HFpEF (p < 0.05 for all) but not in CTL.

Conclusion

Our data suggest MQ is closely related to cardiac function at peak exercise in HFpEF. These data suggest that MQ may be a useful tool for understanding exercise performance in HFpEF.
Knowledge and application of ESC/HFA guidelines in the management of advanced heart failure
Authors: Baudry Guillaume , Girerd Nicolas , Cikes Maja , Crespo‐Leiro Maria Generosa , Damman Kevin , Delmas Clément , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Nalbantgil Sanem , Lim Hoong Sern , Ruschitzka Frank , Metra Marco , Gustafsson Finn
Published: November 2024

Aims

Management of advanced heart failure (HF) remains challenging despite specific sections in the 2021 European Society of Cardiology/Heart Failure Association (ESC/HFA) guidelines, with delays in referrals exacerbating the issue. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and implementation of these guidelines among cardiologists and identify barriers to effective referral.

Methods and results

From June to October 2023, an online survey was disseminated through the ESC mailing list, targeting cardiologists across Europe. The survey investigated four areas: guideline awareness, healthcare network organization, clinical case management, and perceptions of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) outcomes. Respondents were categorized into heart failure cardiologists (HFCs), general cardiologists (GCs), and other participants (OPs). Among 497 respondents, 25% were heart HFCs, 40% were GCs, and 35% were OPs. A total of 84% of HFCs reported a high level of guideline knowledge, compared to 57% of GCs and 62% of OPs (p < 0.001). Additionally, 76% of HFCs ‘regularly or always’ used ESC/HFA criteria to identify advanced HF, compared to 44% of GCs and 48% of OPs (p < 0.001). Correct responses regarding the recommendation class for heart transplantation were 84%, 55%, and 60% (p < 0.0001), and for MCS as a bridge to transplantation, 69%, 65%, and 55% (p = 0.018) among HFCs, GCs, and OPs, respectively. Referring patients with severe HF to a tertiary centre team was found to be ‘very difficult’ or ‘difficult’ by 8.4% of HFCs, 19.6% of GCs, and 18.2% of OPs (p = 0.0005).

Conclusion

The study highlights significant disparities in knowledge and application of advanced HF guidelines among cardiologists, revealing an opportunity for educational initiatives. The difficulty in referring patients to tertiary centres underscores the need to improve the referral pathway for advanced HF patients.
Electrochemical Determination of 17‐α‐Ethinylestradiol on a Graphene Quantum Dots and Carbon‐Black‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: da Silva Araujo Mayara , de Matos Roberto , Tarley Cesar Ricardo Teixeira , Medeiros Roberta Antigo
Published: November 2024

A simple and inexpensive electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with graphene quantum dots and carbon black nanoparticles (dihydrogen phosphate polyelectrolyte) is applied to determination of the emerging contaminant  the estrogen 17‐α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2). The combination of this nanocomposite with the GCE has not yet been explored as an electrochemical sensor. Combined, these materials create a synergy that enhances the overall performance of the oxidative detection system, resulting in a more efficient and accurate detection. The analytical curve presents a linear dynamic range from 0.998 to 10.0 µmol L−1, with a detection limit of 0.998 µmol L−1. Addition and recovery studies are carried out on a lake water sample, showing a recovery of 92.3%. The accuracy of the developed method is also evaluated by determining EE2 in pharmaceutical formulation samples. The obtained results are in statistical agreement with those obtained using high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector at a confidence level of 95%. Therefore, the electrochemical sensor developed presents a fast construction procedure and the electroanalytical method for EE2 determination proves to be precise and accurate, with low consumption of reagents and a low relative cost.
Electrochemical Determination of Clofazimine Using A Carbon Dot Polythionine Nanocomposite‐Modified Screen‐Printed Electrode
Authors: Fakier‐Lesch Ashiqa , Ngece‐Ajayi Rachel Fanelwa , Mohamed Nuralli , Cupido Candice
Published: November 2024

Multi‐drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) treatment presents significant challenges for diagnosed patients, primarily due to the harsh side effects associated with treatment coupled with time‐consuming diagnostic techniques used to assess emergencies that arise from drug toxicity. Monitoring the antibiotics used in these treatments is vital to better understand the dosage requirements for affected patients. This study focuses on the fabrication, characterisation and sensor application of carbon dot polythionine (CDPTh) nanocomposites for the electrochemical detection of clofazimine (CFZ), a drug used in MDR‐TB treatment. CDPTh nanocomposites were electrochemically fabricated on a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and demonstrated optimal performance at pH 4.00, which provided the highest current response compared to other pH values. The sensor was further characterised using ultraviolet–visible light spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR‐SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square‐wave voltammetry (SWV), were employed to optimise the sensor parameters. The surface concentration and diffusion coefficient of the CDPTh‐modified electrodes were determined to be 2.125 × 10−7 mol cm−2 and 2.063 × 10−8 cm2 s−1, respectively. Stability testing using CV indicated that the nanocomposite remained 60% stable for 12 h, with a noticeable decrease in current observed thereafter. CFZ was effectively detected after the sensor fabrication within the linear range of 100–1300 nM. Interference studies were performed with chlorine ions and oxygen that were present in the phosphate buffer solution (PBS), as oxygen is always available and chlorine ions are commonly found in the water used to prepare PBS. The CDPTh sensor successfully determined CFZ using SWV anodic scans, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 24.4 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 81.4 nM.
Review: Lifting the Veil on Enrollment Management
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: November 2024

Because the title of this newsletter is Enrollment Management Report, I felt obligated to review the book, “Lifting the Veil on Enrollment Management,” edited by Stephen J. Burd.
Forecasting Realized Volatility: The Choice of Window Size
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Zhang Yaojie
Published: November 2024

Different window sizes may produce different empirical results. However, how to choose an ideal window size is still an open question. We investigate how the window size affects the predictive performance of volatility. The empirical results show that the loss function for volatility prediction takes on a U‐shape as the window size increases. This suggests that if the window size is chosen too large or too small, the loss function tends to be large and the model's predictive accuracy decreases. A window size of between 1000 and 2000 observations is ideal for various assets because it can produce relatively minimal forecast errors. From an asset allocation perspective, a mean–variance investor can obtain sizeable utility by using a model with a low loss function value for her portfolio. Moreover, the results are robust in a variety of settings.
Instruction to support word‐level reading skills for adolescent learners with learning disabilities
Authors: Chandler Brennan W. , Toste Jessica R. , Hart Elizabeth J. , Kearns Devin M.
Published: November 2024

The middle and high school years represent a unique challenge for students who have not yet attained proficiency with word reading. By this time, it is generally expected that students will be able to independently read a variety of texts to gain content knowledge and to read for understanding. Students with or at‐risk for learning disabilities (LD) often struggle with acquisition of word‐level reading skills and these difficulties are amplified as words become increasing complex. By fifth grade, most of the new words introduced in text are multisyllabic, yet students often lack a systematic approach for decoding these words. Despite these challenges, teachers can effectively support secondary‐aged students with LD in developing the foundational word reading skills necessary for reading proficiency. In this article, we describe the critical role of word reading efficiency, unique challenges of multisyllabic word reading, and the importance of ongoing instructional support for students with LD. We then introduce four instructional routines that can be implemented to facilitate secondary students' acquisition of word‐level reading skills that also affirm and strength students' diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds.
Increases of Compound Hot Extremes Will Significantly Amplify the Population Exposure Risk Over the Mid–High Latitudes of Asia
Authors: Jiang Wenhao , Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun
Published: November 2024

Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations, we found that the frequency and intensity of daytime–nighttime compound hot extremes (HEs) in the mid‐high latitudes of Asia (MHA) are expected to increase. The most significant increase is anticipated under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 5‐8.5, while the smallest increase is expected under SSP1‐2.6. Notably, unlike the decreasing trends of independent HEs since 2050 under the high emission scenarios, the compound HEs, which comprise the largest proportion, are expected to continuously increase and intensify. To better understand the impact of these changes on human society, we also focused on changes in population exposed to HEs. The findings reveal that population exposure to compound and nighttime HEs is projected to increase most rapidly under SSP3‐7.0, with estimates indicating increases of 10.06 and 3.80 times, respectively, by the end of the century. The most significant increases are expected in the mid‐latitudes, where changes in HEs are most pronounced. Climate change is the primary driver behind the rising population exposure to compound and nighttime HEs, with its impact expected to grow over time. Conversely, exposure to daytime HEs is primarily influenced by population changes, particularly in urban areas. Therefore, effective climate change mitigation and adaptive strategies are crucial to reducing future population exposure to HEs in MHA.