bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theileria highjacks JNK2 into a complex with the macroschizont GPI-anchored surface protein p104
Authors: De Laté Perle Latré , Haidar Malak , Ansari Hifzur , Tajeri Shahin , Szarka Eszter , Alexa Anita , Woods Kerry , Reményi Attila , Pain Arnab , Langsley Gordon
Published: August 2018

Theileria is a unique apicomplexan parasite capable of transforming its host cell into a disseminating tumour. Constitutive JNK activity characterizes bovine T and B cells infected with T. parva, and B cells and macrophages infected with T. annulata. Here, we show that T. annulata manipulates JNK activation by recruiting JNK2, and not JNK1, to the parasite surface, whereas JNK1 is found predominantly in the host cell nucleus. In silico analysis identified 3 potential JNK-binding motifs in the previously characterized GPI-anchored macroschizont surface protein (p104), and we demonstrate here that JNK2 is recruited to the parasite via physical interaction with p104. A cell penetrating peptide harbouring a p104 JNK-binding motif also conserved in T. parva p104 competitively ablated binding, whereupon liberated JNK2 became ubiquitinated and degraded. Sequestration of JNK2 depended on PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the conserved JNK-binding motif and upon disruption of the p104/JNK2 complex loss of JNK2 resulted in diminished matrigel traversal of T. annulata-transformed macrophages. Loss of JNK2 also resulted in upregulation of small mitochondrial ARF that promoted autophagy consistent with cytosolic sequestration of JNK2 sustaininf not only JNK2, but also nuclear JNK1 levels that combined contribute to both survival and dissemination of Theileria-transformed macrophages.

Author Summary

Theileria annulata parasites infect and transform their host bovine leukocytes into tumourlike cells that disseminate throughout infected animals causing a widespread disease called tropical theileriosis. Virulence has been ascribed to the parasite’s ability to constitutively activate leukocyte c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) leading to permanent induction of Matrix Metallo-Proteinase 9 (MMP9) that promotes transformed macrophage dissemination. In attenuated live vaccines JNK-mediated AP-1-driven transcriptional activity is reduced so dampening dissemination. However, in leukocytes JNK exists as two isoforms JNK1 and JNK2 and here, we show for the first time that in T. annulata-transformed macrophages they have different subcellular localisations and perform separate functions. Surprisingly, JNK2 associates with the parasite and is not in the nucleus like JNK1. JNK2 is hijacked by the parasite and sequestered in a complex with a macroschizont surface protein called p104. Upon forced complex dissociation JNK2 gets degraded and its loss negatively affects infected macrophage survival and ability to disseminate.
Genetic draft and valley crossing
Authors: Kessinger Taylor , Van Cleve Jeremy
Published: August 2018

Living systems are characterized by complex adaptations which require multiple coordinated mutations in order to function. Empirical studies of fitness landscapes that result from the many possible mutations in a gene region reveal many fitness peaks and valleys that connect them. Thus, it is possible that some complex adaptations have arisen by evolutionary paths whose intermediate states are neutral or even deleterious. When intermediates are deleterious, traversing such an evolutionary path is known as “crossing a fitness valley”. Previous efforts at studying this problem have rigorously characterized the rate at which such complex adaptations evolve in populations of roughly equally fit individuals. However, populations that are very large or have broad fitness distributions, such as many microbial populations, adapt quickly, which substantially alters the fate and dynamics of individual mutations due to the action of genetic draft. We investigate the rate at which complex adaptations evolve in these rapidly adapting populations in regions without recombination. We confirm that rapid adaptation overall increases the time required to cross a valley; however, rapid adaptation can make it easier for deeper valleys to be crossed relative to the time required for single beneficial mutations to sweep to fixation.
YcjW: a transcription factor that controls the emergency generator of H2S inE. coli
Authors: Luhachack Lyly , Shamovsky Ilya , Nudler Evgeny
Published: August 2018

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a ubiquitous gaseous molecule that is endogenously produced in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Its role as a pleiotropic signaling molecule has been well characterized in mammals1,2. In contrast, the physiological role of H2S in bacteria only recently became apparent; H2S acts as a cytoprotectant against antibiotics-induced stress and affect the cell’s ability to maintain redox homeostasis3-5. InE. coli, endogenous H2S production is primarily dependent on 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST), encoded bymstA, previously known assseA3,4. Here, we show that cells lacking 3MST acquired a unique phenotypic suppressor mutation resulting in compensatory H2S production and tolerance to antibiotics and oxidative stress. Using whole genome sequencing, we mapped a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to uncharacterized Laci-type transcription factor, YcjW. We identified transcriptional regulatory targets of YcjW and discovered a major target, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase PspE, as an alternative mechanism for H2S biosynthesis. Deletion ofpspEwas sufficient to antagonize phenotypic suppression. Our results reveal a complex interaction between cell metabolism and H2S production and the role, a hithero uncharacterized transcription factor, YcjW, plays in linking the two.
The scanning four-bounce monochromator for beamline I20 at the Diamond Light Source
Authors: Hayama Shusaku , Duller Graham , Sutter John P. , Amboage Monica , Boada Roberto , Freeman Adam , Keenan Luke , Nutter Brian , Cahill Leo , Leicester Pete , Kemp Ben , Rubies Nico , Diaz-Moreno Sofia
Published: August 2018

A description of the technical and design details of a scanning four-bounce crystal monochromator that has recently been commissioned for the Versatile X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) beamline at Diamond Light Source is presented. This device consists of two independent rotary axes of unique design which are synchronized using a multiple read-head encoder system. This monochromator is shown to be capable of maintaining the flux throughput of the Bragg axes without the need of any external feedback mechanism from 4 to 20 keV. The monochromator is currently equipped with cryogenically cooled crystals with the upstream axis consisting of two independent Si(111) crystals and a pair of channel-cut crystals in the downstream axis. The possibility of installing an additional Si(311) crystal-set to extend the energy range to 34 keV is incorporated into the preliminary design of the device. Experimental data are presented showing the exceptional mechanical stability and repeatability of the monochromator axes.
Autopilot design for an aircraft by using Luenberger observer design
Authors: Taimoor Muhammad , Aijun Li , Amin Rooh ul , Lu Hongshi
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based Luenberger observer for the estimation of unknown states of aircraft.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the LQR-based Luenberger observer is deliberated for autonomous level flight of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which has been attained productively. Various modes like phugoid and roll modes are exploited for controlling the rates of UAV. The Luenberger observer is exploited for estimation of the mysterious states of the system. The rates of roll, yaw and pitch are used as an input to the observer, while the remaining states such as velocities and angles have been anticipated. The main advantage of using Luenberger observer was to reduce the cost of the system which has been achieved lucratively. The Luenberger observer proposes sturdiness at the rate of completion to conquest over the turmoil and insecurities to overcome the privileged recital. The FlightGear simulator is exploited for the endorsement of the recital of the Luenberger observer-based autopilot. The level flight has been subjugated lucratively and has been legitimated by exploiting the FlightGear simulator. The authenticated and the validated results are offered in this paper. Microsoft Visual Studio has been engaged as a medium between the MATLAB and FlightGear Simulator.

Findings

The suggested observer based on LQR ensures the lucrative approximation of the unknown states of the system as well as the successful level flight of the system. The Luenberger observer is used for approximation of states while LQR is used as controller.

Originality/value

In this research work, not only the estimation of unknown states of both longitudinal and lateral model is made but also the level flight is achieved by using those estimated states and the autopilot is validated by using the FlightGear, while in most of the research work only the estimation is made of only longitudinal or lateral model.
Entrepreneurs’ individual-level resources and social value creation goals
Authors: Brieger Steven A. , De Clercq Dirk
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of how the interplay of individual-level resources and culture affects entrepreneurs’ propensity to adopt social value creation goals.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 12,685 entrepreneurs in 35 countries from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, it investigates the main effects of individual-level resources – measured as financial, human and social capital – on social value creation goals, as well as the moderating effects of the cultural context in which the respective entrepreneur is embedded, on the relationship between individual-level resources and social value creation goals.

Findings

Drawing on the resource-based perspective and Hofstede’s cultural values framework, the results offer empirical evidence that individual-level resources are relevant for predicting the extent to which entrepreneurs emphasise social goals for their business. Furthermore, culture influences the way entrepreneurs allocate their resources towards social value creation.

Originality/value

The study sheds new light on how entrepreneurs’ individual resources influence their willingness to create social value. Moreover, by focussing on the role of culture in the relationship between individual-level resources and social value creation goals, it contributes to social entrepreneurship literature, which has devoted little attention to the interplay of individual characteristics and culture.
Interstate migration and human capital formation in Brazil
Authors: Pais Paloma Santana Moreira , de Mattos Leonardo Bornacki , Teixeira Evandro Camargos
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of interstate migration of individuals with different qualification levels on human capital formation in the migrant’s place of origin.

Design/methodology/approach

A dynamic panel model with data from the National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD)), between 2001 and 2013, is used.

Findings

The results indicate that the migration of high-skilled people boosts school attendance in fifth grade elementary school and first year high school, but it does not affect the levels of those entering first year in higher education. However, the migration of low-skilled workers discourages people from entering higher education, as those living in less developed areas do not need higher education qualifications to get higher incomes. Thus, they migrate to developed areas with the education levels they already have. The brain gain hypothesis is not, therefore, confirmed in the context of higher education attendance.

Originality/value

This paper’s contribution is its investigation into the effect of interstate migration on human capital formation in Brazil, through testing the brain gain hypothesis in a national context. In addition, it also analyzes the impact of the migration of people of low and intermediate qualification levels on human capital, with a view to verifying if the mobility of people with other levels of qualification could discourage the formation of human capital.
Some risks of informal business in Russia – a case study from Saint Petersburg
Authors: Mannila Simo , Eremicheva Galina
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe some risks and risk-taking when launching and running business in Russia during the socio-economic transformation. The risks are related to informal economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The research material consists of 11 thematic interviews of families, who launched and ran a business during the turn of the millennium and follow-up interviews. The interviews were extracted from a larger material of 100 interviews and 40 follow-ups focusing on household coping in Russian socio-economic transformation.

Findings

The paper focusses on risky shuttle trade as well as crime-related risks of business, as poignant illustrations of problems of entrepreneurship linked with informal economy. The risks are seen as social facts, objective or constructed, in some cases pointing out also how people speak about them. The testimonial stories of business show an individual or family focus on the risks, without major concern for legitimacy of action, albeit a need for distinction toward other corresponding risk-takers.

Research limitations/implications

The findings illustrate important aspects of informal economy in Russia, but they cannot be generalized. It would be most useful to carry out qualitative studies of small business to assess perception and construction of risks and coping with them, capturing the views of entrepreneurs themselves.

Originality/value

There is rather little micro-level information concerning the risks or uncertainty when launching and running business in the Russian Federation. Qualitative data enable deeper understanding of sensitive issues. The paper wants to introduce the concept of risk into the social research of informal economy.
Tribological properties of ionic liquids for steel/aluminum, steel/copper and steel/Si3N4ceramic contacts under boundary lubrication
Authors: Zhang Hao-bo , Chen Hui , Shi Xiao-ning , Liu Xiong , Duan Guo-jian
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of alkyl chain length and kind of anions of ionic liquids on the tribological properties with different materials as friction pairs (steel-aluminum, steel-copper and steel-Si3N4 ceramic).

Design/methodology/approach

Tribological properties were evaluated by an optimol-SRV-IV reciprocation friction tester with a ball-on-block configuration at room temperature and high temperature, respectively. Friction-reducing and anti-wear properties of the ionic liquids for steel/aluminum, steel/copper and steel/ceramic contacts were evaluated on the ball-on-block reciprocating UMT-2MT tribometer. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Findings

Both the alkyl chain length and kind of anion influence the tribological properties of ionic liquids, especially for the length of alkyl chains. With the increase of alkyl chain length, the load carrying capacity of ionic liquids is improved at both room temperature and high temperature, and the friction reducing and antiwear behaviors are also significantly enhanced.

Research limitations/implications

The paper presents potentially useful and highly efficient lubricants.

Practical implications

Owing to their good friction-reducing and wear resistance properties, these ionic liquids are promising candidates for versatile applications.

Originality/value

This work might provide a promising research direction for design and application of ionic liquids as lubricants.
Caveats for high reliability in healthcare
Authors: Martelli Peter F. , Rivard Peter E. , Roberts Karlene H.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Given the pace of industry change and the rapid diffusion of high reliability organization (HRO) approaches, lags and divergences have arisen between research and practice in healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to explore several of these theory-practice gaps and propose implications for research and practice.

Design/methodology/approach

Classic and cutting-edge HRO literature is applied to analyze two industry trends: delivery system integration, and the confluence of patient-as-consumer and patient-centered care.

Findings

Highly reliable integrated delivery systems will likely function very differently from classic HRO organizations. Both practitioners and researchers should address conditions such as how a system is bounded, how reliable the system should be and how interdependencies are handled. Additionally, systems should evaluate the added uncertainty and variability introduced by enhanced agency on the part of patients/families in decision making and in processes of care.

Research limitations/implications

Dramatic changes in the sociotechnical environment are influencing the coupling and interactivity of system elements in healthcare. Researchers must address the maintenance of reliability across organizations and the migration of decision-making power toward patients and families.

Practical implications

As healthcare systems integrate, managers attempting to apply HRO principles must recognize how these systems present new and different reliability-related challenges and opportunities.

Originality/value

This paper provides a starting point for the advancement of research and practice in high-reliability healthcare by providing an in-depth exploration of the implications of two major industry trends.
Electro-thermal buckling of elastically supported double-layered piezoelectric nanoplates affected by an external electric voltage
Authors: Malikan Mohammad
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Thermal buckling of double-layered piezoelectric nanoplates has been analyzed by applying an external electric voltage on the nanoplates. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

Double-layered nanoplates are connected to each other by considering linear van der Waals forces. Nanoplates are placed on a polymer matrix. A comprehensive thermal stress function is used for investigating thermal buckling. A linear electric function is used for taking external electric voltages into account. For considering the small-scale effect, the modified couple stress theory has been applied. An analytical solution has been used by taking various boundary conditions.

Findings

EEV has a considerable impacted on the results of various half-waves in all boundary conditions. By increasing EEV, the reduction of critical buckling temperature in higher half-waves is remarkably slower than lower half-waves. By considering long lengths, the effect of EEV on the critical temperature will be markedly decreased.

Originality/value

This paper uses electro-thermal stability analysis. Double-layered piezoelectric nanoplates are analyzed. A comprehensive thermal stress function is applied for taking into account critical temperature.
Mapurbe Identity and Admapu in David Aniñir's Poetry
Authors: ECHEVERRÍA ANDREA
Published: August 2018

This article proposes a reading of David Aniñir's poetry that examines how he resignifies elements pertaining to admapu or Mapuche norms and practices in the metropolis. Aniñir is an urban Mapuche poet who lives in Santiago, Chile and displays interest in recovering his roots. While he defies preconceptions about indigenous peoples in his poetry, he includes Mapuche culture in his depiction of mapurbe identity. In his writing, Aniñir incorporates Mapuche key concepts and social roles such as yeyipun (prayer), pewma (dreams), werken (messenger), ngenpin (ritual speaker) and machi (spiritual authority and shaman), giving them new meanings within the urban context.
Life history characteristics may be as important as climate projections for defining range shifts: An example for common tree species in the intermountain western US
Authors: Copeland Stella M. , Bradford John B. , Duniway Michael C. , Butterfield Bradley J.
Published: August 2018

Aim

Predictions of future suitable habitat for plant species with climate change are known to be affected by uncertainty associated with statistical approaches, climate models and occurrence records. However, life history characteristics related to dispersal and establishment processes as well as sensitivity to barriers created by land‐use may also play important roles in shaping future distributions with climate change. We compared the uncertainty in predicted distributions associated with climate projections to uncertainty associated with species interactions related to dispersal and establishment and land‐use barriers with four common animal‐dispersed tree species in pinyon–juniper woodlands in the western United States, a region experiencing increasing fragmentation due to land‐use.

Location

Western USA.

Methods

We compared the effects of life history characteristics related to species interactions (long‐distance dispersal and facilitation), land‐use fragmentation and variation in climate projections on species distributions with climate change using a simulation model. We evaluated the impacts of these factors on three characteristics of species distributions, area occupied, range size, and distance between patches, across four 30‐year intervals centred on 2020, 2040, 2060 and 2080.

Results

We found that uncertainty associated with climate projections and the potential effects of facilitation on establishment had the greatest impact in distribution characteristics. The effects of all factors varied by species, despite their overlapping initial distributions and relatively similar dispersal traits, highlighting the impact of life history characteristics on model outcomes.

Main conclusions

These results suggest that assessments of species future range shifts and vulnerability to climate change should incorporate land‐use barriers and life history traits related to dispersal and establishment, particularly for species with strong facilitative interactions.
Dielectric relaxation in glass and glass‐ceramic materials of the system La2O3‐Gd2O3‐PbO‐MnO‐B2O3
Authors: Raykov Radoslav , Staneva Anna , Dimitriev Yanko , Slavov Stanislav , Soreto Teixeira Silvia , Prezas Pedro R. , Costa Luis C.
Published: August 2018

The electrical properties of new borate‐based glasses in the system La2O3‐Gd2O3‐PbO‐MnO2‐B2O3, prepared by the melt‐quenching technique, were investigated. All of these glasses have a fixed content of B2O3 (%mol = 30). The electrical measurements were carried out by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz, and temperatures from 100 to 400°C, below the glass temperature. The AC conductivity increases with temperature according to the Arrhenius law, with a single activation energy. The structural and thermal properties of the glasses were investigated by performing infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The dependence of the various electrical parameters as a function of the glass composition and temperature was discussed. Evaluations of models and theory of the relaxation mechanisms were predominantly made through comparison with experimental data and a set of phenomenological parameters.
The pivotal role of perceived emotional synchrony in the context of terrorism: Challenges and lessons learned from the March 2016 attack in Belgium
Authors: Pelletier Petra
Published: August 2018

Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack against the World Trade Center in New York City, terrorism has become one of the most distressing large‐scale societal threats. The March 22, 2016 terrorist attack in Brussels, the capital of Belgium undermined the collective sense of perceived security and social cohesion. The present research investigates Belgian civilians’ (N = 202) terrorist threat perception, personal emotions, and the role of perceived emotional synchrony in the construction of the perceived socioemotional climate in Belgium. The main purpose of the current study was to examine the role of perceived emotional synchrony emerging in collective gatherings as a regulatory mechanism improving the perceived socioemotional climate of the country. Additionally, the precise components (personal vs. collective) shaping the perceptions of terrorist threat were also examined. This study was conducted by a questionnaire during the collective gatherings in Brussels 1 week after the terrorist attack. The main results suggest that the terrorist threat has been perceived at the collective level rather than at the personal level. Furthermore, the perceived emotional synchrony with others mediated specifically the relationship between positive personal emotions and the perceived positive socioemotional climate in Belgium. Such findings point to the importance of considering the perceived emotional synchrony in order to provide a better understanding of lay people's psychosocial responses to terrorism and the subsequent construction of collective macro‐social phenomena in post‐terrorist contexts.
Living on borrowed time – Amazonian trees use decade‐old storage carbon to survive for months after complete stem girdling
Authors: Muhr Jan , Trumbore Susan , Higuchi Niro , Kunert Norbert
Published: August 2018

Nonstructural carbon (NSC) reserves act as buffers to sustain tree activity during periods when carbon (C) assimilation does not meet C demand, but little is known about their age and accessibility; we designed a controlled girdling experiment in the Amazon to study tree survival on NSC reserves.

We used bomb‐radiocarbon (14C) to monitor the time elapsed between C fixation and release (‘age’ of substrates). We simultaneously monitored how the mobilization of reserve C affected δ13CO2.

Six ungirdled control trees relied almost exclusively on recent assimilates throughout the 17 months of measurement. The Δ14C of CO2 emitted from the six girdled stems increased significantly over time after girdling, indicating substantial remobilization of storage NSC fixed up to 13–14 yr previously. This remobilization was not accompanied by a consistent change in observed δ13CO2.

These trees have access to storage pools integrating C accumulated over more than a decade. Remobilization follows a very clear reverse chronological mobilization with younger reserve pools being mobilized first. The lack of a shift in the δ13CO2 might indicate a constant contribution of starch hydrolysis to the soluble sugar pool even outside pronounced stress periods (regular mixing).
Crown damage and the mortality of tropical trees
Authors: Arellano Gabriel , Medina Nagore G. , Tan Sylvester , Mohamad Mohizah , Davies Stuart J.
Published: August 2018

What causes individual tree death in tropical forests remains a major gap in our understanding of the biology of tropical trees and leads to significant uncertainty in predicting global carbon cycle dynamics.

We measured individual characteristics (diameter at breast height, wood density, growth rate, crown illumination and crown form) and environmental conditions (soil fertility and habitat suitability) for 26 425 trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height belonging to 416 species in a 52‐ha plot in Lambir Hills National Park, Malaysia. We used structural equation models to investigate the relationships among the different factors and tree mortality.

Crown form (a proxy for mechanical damage and other stresses) and prior growth were the two most important factors related to mortality. The effect of all variables on mortality (except habitat suitability) was substantially greater than expected by chance.

Tree death is the result of interactions between factors, including direct and indirect effects. Crown form/damage and prior growth mediated most of the effect of tree size, wood density, fertility and habitat suitability on mortality. Large‐scale assessment of crown form or status may result in improved prediction of individual tree death at the landscape scale.
IMPROVEMENT ON ESTIMATING MEDIAN FOR FINITE POPULATION USING AUXILIARY VARIABLES IN DOUBLE-SAMPLING
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Shabri Ani , Ishaq Muhammad
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study is to suggest a difference-cum-ratio type of median estimator for finite population median using two-auxiliary variables in double sampling. Using simple random sampling without-replacement scheme (SRSWOR) the estimated mean square error (MSE) and BIAS are computed for the new suggested median estimator. The suggested median estimator has a smaller MSE than all other median estimators currently in practice, showing a valid contribution to the literature. In addition some members of the suggested estimator and theoretical comparison of MSE are also computed. Finally, the numerical and graphical comparison of percent relative efficiency (PRE) is also computed for five different real data sets.
ANNUAL CHANGES OF BEACH PROFILE AND NEARSHORE SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION OFF DUNGUN-KEMAMAN,TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
Authors: Yaacob Rosnan , Shaari Hasrizal , Sapon Noraisyah , Ahmad Mohd Fadhli , Arifin Effi Helmi , Zakariya Razak , Hussain Mohd Lokman
Published: August 2018

A proper understanding of beach processes must include the adjacent shallow marine waters or nearshore environment. This paper focused on the sedimentological and morphological investigation of Terengganu coastal area stretch lies between Dungun and Kemaman. The study area comprised five beaches and 36 nearshore stations. The present investigation attempts to study the time variation of the grain-size along the coast and in order to observe one-year cycle of the perpendicular profile of the beach. Teluk Lipat beach faced a huge modification compared to other beaches. The severely-eroded beaches in the study area characterized by coarse sand. Sediments from backshore and upper beach zone decreased in mean size and became poorly sorted towards surf zone area. Meanwhile, superficial sediment distribution of nearshore area revealed that silt is the most dominant component and the sediment size became coarser towards the shoreline. The results favor an alternative explanation, indicating that the river is the main source for the coastal sands, which are probably reworked by longshore currents on opposite directions apart from the river mouth, resulting on coastal propagation.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WASTE PLASTIC BANNER FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: Setiawan Agustinus Agus , Philip Fredy Jhon , Permanasari Eka
Published: August 2018

The objective of this research is to determine the mechanical properties of the waste-plastic-banner-fiber reinforced concrete: compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, rupture modulus and modulus of elasticity. Concrete mixtures with different proportions of waste plastic banner fiber were produced and tested: 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% of waste plastic banner fiber. The tests showed that the addition of fiber by 0.5% from the total concrete volume will increase the splitting tensile strength by 14.28% and produce the modulus of elasticity as high as 23,025 MPa (up to 12% from the normal mix)  and yield the concrete compressive strength of 35.56 MPa (up to 4.95% of the normal mixture). The rupture modulus will increase by 4.11% as the addition of 0.25% of waste plastic banner fiber.
COMBUSTION PERFORMANCE OF SYNGAS FROM BIOMASS WASTE IN GAS BURNER SYSTEM/PRESTASI PEMBAKARAN SYNGAS DARI SISA BIOJISIM DALAM SISTEM PEMBAKAR GAS
Authors: Mohd Mokhtar Mohd Oryza , Mohd Ja’afar Mohammad Nazri , Yusoff Mustafa , Said Mazlan , Rahim Muhammad Roslan , Abdul Malik Muhammad Syahiran
Published: August 2018

Syngas from biomass residues is an alternative fuel to address the ever-increasing fossil fuel supply problem and the issue of releasing toxic gases from the fossil fuel burning process. Syngas is also a renewable fuel and features environmentally friendly fuel. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of the syngas produced from oil palm shells (PKS) using fluidized bed gasifier. In this study, the produced syngas was tested for its combustion performance from the aspect of gas combustion temperature and resulting emission concentrations such as nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The resulting syngas was studied at different ratio of air velocities to fuels. From the test, the ratio of velocity of air to fuel affects the gas combustion temperature and emission emission concentration. By increasing the air velocity to fuel ratio during the gasification process produces more positive effects primarily in improving the temperature of the gas burner combustion and reducing carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. However, the concentration of sulfur dioxide release (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) increase.
Percepciones de los estudiantes sobre el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico-reflexivo a través del portafolio de prácticas
Authors: García Carpintero Eva , Siles González José , Martínez Roche Emilia , Martínez de Miguel Esther , Manso Perea César
Published: August 2018

Introducción: la formación y adquisición de pensamiento crítico-reflexivo en los estudiantes de enfermería es fundamental para formar profesionales reflexivos, donde las intervenciones y acciones son resultado de la interrogación constante y del pensamiento crítico, para adquirir el principio de aprender a aprender. Uno de los métodos que han surgido para fomentar cualquier modalidad de pensamiento crítico-reflexivo en los estudiantes es el portafolio. Objetivo: conocer las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico-reflexivo a través del portafolio de prácticas. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo cualitativo. La recolección de los datos se realizó a través de los portafolios y los cuestionarios de los estudiantes de Enfermería de cuarto curso de la Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería Cruz Roja, que realizaron prácticas durante 2013-2014. Los resultados se examinaron con el análisis de contenido. Resultados: los estudiantes consideran que el pensamiento crítico generado al realizar el portafolio les ayuda principalmente para el razonamiento reflexivo en la acción y también a integrar el conocimiento. Conclusiones: los estudiantesperciben que el pensamiento crítico-reflexivo constituye un instrumento esencial en el proceso de superación de contradicciones que se encuentran presentes en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje durante sus prácticas clínicas.
La reanimación cardiopulmonar desde la experiencia del estudiante: estudio de caso
Authors: Riaño Niño Ruth Natalia , Valderrama Sanabria Mery Luz
Published: August 2018

Introducción: la reanimación es un momento de cuidado que en el profesional de enfermería genera sentimientos y emociones para los cuales no se está preparado, debido a que la formación está centrada en el componente teórico-práctico. Esta situación es similar a la del estudiante. Objetivo: describir la experiencia del estudiante durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar, a fin de reconocer aspectos esenciales para la formación profesional. Materiales y método: abordaje cualitativo, fenomenológico, mediante un estudio de caso. Para recolectar y analizar la información se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación, que se registró en notas de campo. Resultados: las categorías que surgieron del análisis se denominaron: conciencia de la subjetividad, apoyo del docente, cuestionamiento frente a la cotidianidad de la muerte en el equipo de salud, la vida como motivación y el resignificado de la muerte. Se contrastaron los resultados de la investigación a la luz de la literatura. Conclusiones: el estudiante experimenta vivencias en las cuales aflora la subjetividad; la muerte es una de ellas y tiene mayor significado cuando se asume por primera vez, puesto que no se está preparado para abordarla. Ayudar a morir con dignidad y acompañar en el sufrimiento requiere formación, conocimiento y madurez, en el futuro profesional, dada la implicación emocional que genera. Por tanto, se deben propiciar espacios de reflexión en torno a estas situaciones críticas, preferiblemente desde las experiencias de los mismos estudiantes, para fortalecer los aspectos que hacen de esta una experiencia enriquecedora.
Mitigación de daños en materia contractual
Authors: Suescún de Roa Felipe
Published: August 2018

La reparación integral es un principio consagrado en la legislación colombiana. Existen algunas instituciones jurídicas como el daño directo y la culpa de la víctima, que limitan la aplicación de este principio. Si bien la mitigación de daños está claramente relacionada con dichas instituciones, no es menos cierto que existen razones desde el punto de vista ético, social, jurídico y económico que justifican su existencia como un principio independiente. Esta regla, que en Colombia obedece a un deber secundario de conducta emanado de la buena fe objetiva, implica que el acreedor afectado debe realizar esfuerzos razonables para mitigar la pérdida causada por el incumplimiento. Cuando el acreedor no realiza tales esfuerzos, el deudor puede pedir que se le reduzca el monto de la indemnización. La lógica que subyace a dicha regla es que por medio de ella se intenta disuadir al acreedor a que asuma una actitud pasiva que le permita ver aumentar las pérdidas, sin que se afecte el monto de la indemnización a la que tiene derecho. Para lograr tal propósito, por una parte, la mitigación no le permite al acreedor afectado recuper los daños que pudo haber evitado, y, por otra, le otorga la posibilidad de recuperar cualquier gasto en que haya incurrido en aras de reducir la pérdida que sufrió.
Auditory enhancement and the role of spectral resolution in normal-hearing listeners and cochlear-implant users
Authors: Feng Lei , Oxenham Andrew J.
Published: August 2018

Detection of a target tone in a simultaneous multi-tone masker can be improved by preceding the stimulus with the masker alone. The mechanisms underlying this auditory enhancement effect may enable the efficient detection of new acoustic events and may help to produce perceptual constancy under varying acoustic conditions. Previous work in cochlear-implant (CI) users has suggested reduced or absent enhancement, due perhaps to poor spatial resolution in the cochlea. This study used a supra-threshold enhancement paradigm that in normal-hearing listeners results in large enhancement effects, exceeding 20 dB. Results from vocoder simulations using normal-hearing listeners showed that near-normal enhancement was observed if the simulated spread of excitation was limited to spectral slopes no shallower than 24 dB/oct. No significant enhancement was observed on average in CI users with their clinical monopolar stimulation strategy. The variability in enhancement between CI users, and between electrodes in a single CI user, could not be explained by the spread of excitation, as estimated from auditory nerve evoked potentials. Enhancement remained small, but did reach statistical significance, under the narrower partial-tripolar stimulation strategy. The results suggest that enhancement may be at least partially restored by improvements in the spatial resolution of current CIs.
Unlocking P(V): Reagents for chiral phosphorothioate synthesis
Authors: Knouse Kyle W. , deGruyter Justine N. , Schmidt Michael A. , Zheng Bin , Vantourout Julien C. , Kingston Cian , Mercer Stephen E. , Mcdonald Ivar M. , Olson Richard E. , Zhu Ye , Hang Chao , Zhu Jason , Yuan Changxia , Wang Qinggang , Park Peter , Eastgate Martin D. , Baran Phil S.
Published: August 2018

A swift citrusy path to chiral phosphorus

The phosphates in the backbones of DNA and RNA are often drawn like crosses but are in fact tetrahedral. Sulfur is sometimes substituted for one of the phosphate oxygens during development of nucleotide-based drugs. Because of the geometry, this swap can lead to two different isomers. Knouse
et al.
report a pair of phosphorus reagents that conveniently produce either isomer selectively. This ability depended on the configuration of appended limonene substituents that are subsequently jettisoned. In addition to simplifying the route to sulfur-substituted oligonucleotides, these reagents will enable more precise studies of each isomer's distinct bioactivity.

Science
, this issue p.
1234
Rényi Entropy and Surrogate Data Analysis for Stock Markets
Authors: Sun Yupeng , Shang Pengjian , He Jiayi , Xu Mengjia
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we propose a new method of Rényi entropy and surrogate data analysis as a new measure to assess the complexity of a complex dynamical system. Simulations are conducted over artificial sequence and stock market series to provide model test and empirical analysis. The results show that the new method has a strong identification for different series and the [Formula: see text] curves of stock markets are all successfully fitted by exponential functions. These results can be well identified and analyzed in depth.
tCG torsion pairs
Authors: Bravo Daniel , Parra Carlos E.
Published: August 2018

We investigate conditions when the [Formula: see text]-structure of Happel–Reiten–Smalø associated to a torsion pair is a compactly generated [Formula: see text]-structure. The concept of a [Formula: see text]CG torsion pair is introduced and for any ring [Formula: see text], we prove that [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]CG torsion pair in [Formula: see text] if, and only if, there exists, [Formula: see text] a set of finitely presented [Formula: see text]-modules in [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text]. We also show that every [Formula: see text]CG torsion pair is of finite type, and show that the reciprocal is not true. Finally, we give a precise description of the [Formula: see text]CG torsion pairs over Noetherian rings and von Neumman regular rings.
Decreased abundance of eIF4F subunits predisposes low birth weight neonatal pigs to reduced muscle hypertrophy
Authors: El-Kadi Samer W. , Chen Ying , McCauley Sydney R. , Seymour Kacie A. , Johnson Sally E. , Rhoads Robert P.
Published: August 2018

Muscle hypertrophy is limited in low birth weight (LBWT) neonates, suggesting a reduction in protein synthesis and increased protein degradation. Sixteen pairs of one-day-old normal birth weight (NBWT) and LBWT littermates ( n = 16) were euthanized, and the longissimus dorsi (LD) was sampled for protein abundance and kinase phosphorylation profile measures. Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E and eIF4G abundance, and assembly of the active eIF4E-eIF4G complex, was less for LBWT than for NBWT pig muscles. Similarly, eIF3f abundance was reduced in the muscle of LBWT compared with NBWT pigs and was associated with diminished ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 phosphorylation. This decrease was linked to a lower phosphorylation of programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) in LBWT pig muscle. By contrast, PDCD4 abundance was greater in the muscle of the LBWT than NBWT group, suggesting lower release and availability of eIF4A from the PDCD4-eIF4A complex. Moreover, protein abundance of eIF4A was lower in LBWT muscle, which is expected to further impair the formation of eIF4F translation initiation complex. Microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3) II to total LC3 ratio was greater in LBWT LD lysates, yet P62 abundance was similar between the two groups, suggesting no difference in autophagy. Muscle atrophy F-box (atrogin-1) abundance was less in LBWT LD lysates, suggesting decreased degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In conclusion, limited eIF4F subunit abundance and downregulated translation initiation are plausible mechanisms for diminished muscle growth in LBWT compared with NBWT neonatal pigs.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated that eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E, eIF4G, and eIF4A abundance, and assembly of the active eIF4E-eIF4G complex, were reduced in low birth weight (LBWT) compared with normal birth weight pig muscle. In contrast, our data indicated that protein degradation signaling does not seem to affect protein turnover in LBWT pig muscle. Thus, downregulated translation initiation is likely the key contributor that predisposes LBWT neonatal pigs to slower postnatal muscle growth.
Design of a Smart Sensor Network System for Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring on Green Roof
Authors: Zhao Zhihe , Wang Jiaheng , Fu Chenxu , Liu Zhenbang , Liu Dawei , Li Bailiang
Published: August 2018

The research on the green roof is of great importance in the field of urban beautification and improving ecological effect. According to the previous research, plants have shown a significant impact on the absorption of particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air. Therefore, it is justified that the appropriate planting design or some particular combinations of plants can be considered as a solution, dealing with the urban PM2.5. This paper presented a work in progress on developing wireless sensor networks (WSN) system based on a prototype wind tunnel, which is used for the simulation of the green roof. Several data collection processes are handled by this system, where the concentration of PM2.5, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity are obtained and stored in the database simultaneously. Additionally, users are able to real-timely define their commands in detail, controlling the sensor’s height through a GUI on the website. Experimental and simulation results and measurements have verified the validity of the wind tunnel module as well as the reliability of the sensor network. The system can be operated on thousands of devices when the packet delay maintained in a low level.
Green Tea and Red Tea from Camellia sinensis Partially Prevented the Motor Deficits and Striatal Oxidative Damage Induced by Hemorrhagic Stroke in Rats
Authors: Sosa Priscila Marques , de Souza Mauren Assis , Mello-Carpes Pâmela B.
Published: August 2018

Green tea from Camellia sinensis plays a well-established neuroprotective role in several neurodegenerative diseases, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the other teas of the same plant do not have their properties well understood; but they can be as effective as green tea as an alternative therapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of supplementation with green tea and red tea from Camellia sinensis on motor deficits and striatum oxidative damage in rats submitted to hemorrhagic stroke (ICH). Male Wistar rats were supplemented with green tea, red tea, or vehicle for 10 days prior to ICH induction. After injury, the rats were submitted to motor tests (open field for locomotion, rotarod for balance, and neurological deficit scale (NDS)) 1, 3, and 7 days after ICH induction, while the tea supplementation was maintained. Subsequently, the rats were euthanized to striatal tissue dissection for biochemical analyzes (lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, glutathione levels, and total antioxidant capacity). ICH caused locomotor and balance deficits, as well as increased the neurological deficit (NDS). Only red tea prevented locomotor deficits after injury. Green tea and red tea prevented balance deficits on the seventh day after ICH. On NDS evaluation, green tea presented a better neuroprotection than red tea (until day 3 after ICH injury). In addition, ICH increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels, without altering antioxidant markers. Green and red teas were effective in decreasing the lipid peroxidation levels. Therefore, green and red teas partially prevented the motor deficits and striatal oxidative damage induced by ICH. Based on our results, we can consider that the two teas seem to be equally effective to prevent motor deficits and striatal oxidative damage induced by hemorrhagic stroke in rats.