bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visceral Adiposity Index and Lipid Accumulation Product as diagnostic markers of Metabolic Syndrome in South Indians with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Naghshband Zeinab , Kumar Lakshmi , Mandappa Sonia , Niranjana Murthy Ashitha S. , Malini Suttur S.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the debilitating consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with a simple but accurate method can reduce the risk of progression to CVD in PCOS.

Aims:

This study aimed to determine the accuracy of various anthropometric indices and lipid accumulation product (LAP), in assessing the risk of MetS in PCOS.

Settings and Design:

This is a cross-sectional study including 150 PCOS women and 100 control subjects.

Materials and Methods:

Anthropometric parameters were measured and calculated. Lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and insulin were estimated. MetS was detected according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

Statistical Analysis:

Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were applied to determine the potential association of anthropometric indices such as body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, conicity index (CI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), and a body shape index (ABSI) and LAP with MetS.

Results:

In our study of PCOS women of the south Indian population, the prevalence of MetS was 59.3%, which was higher than other populations and the cutoff values of VAI and LAP were 6.05 and 53, respectively. VAI showed the strongest association with MetS, followed by diastolic blood pressure BP, FPG, and LAP.

Conclusions:

We recommend VAI and LAP as new indices for MetS diagnosis. As these indices exhibit population specificity, it is imperative that independent cutoffs are determined for every demographic population.
Уточнение связи между смешанными модулями гладкости
в метриках $L_p$ и $L_\infty$
Authors: Potapov Mikhail Konstantinovich , Simonov Boris Vitalevich
Published: August 2021

В настоящей работе получены уточнения некоторых соотношений
между смешанными модулями гладкости дробных порядков,
рассматриваемых в метриках $L_p$ и $L_\infty$.
Библиография: 18 названий.
О трех формациях над $\mathfrak U$
Authors: Monakhov Victor Stepanovich
Published: August 2021

Исследуются классы конечных групп, в которых сверхразрешимыми
являются либо все метанильпотентные подгруппы, либо все подгруппы
с нильпотентным коммутантом, либо все подгруппы Шмидта.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Жесткие ростки конечных морфизмов гладких поверхностей и рациональные пары Белого
Authors: Kulikov Victor Stepanovich
Published: August 2021

В статье автора "О жестких ростках конечных морфизмов гладких поверхностей" (Матем. сб., 211:10 (2020), 3-31) было определено отображение $\beta\colon \mathcal R\to\mathcal{B}el$ из множества $\mathcal R$ классов эквивалентности жестких ростков конечных морфизмов, разветвленных в ростках кривых, имеющих $ADE$ типы сингулярности, в множество $\mathcal{B}el$ рациональных пар Белого $f\colon \mathbb P^1\to\mathbb P^1$, рассматриваемых с точностью до действия группы $\mathrm{PGL}(2,\mathbb C)$. В настоящей статье исследуются прообразы этого отображения в терминах монодромий пар Белого.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Diversity and Abundance of Phytoplankton in the Coastal Waters of South Sulawesi
Authors: Lestari Hasriani Ayu , Samawi M. Farid , Faizal Ahmad , Moore Abigail Mary , Jompa Jamaluddin
Published: August 2021

Phytoplankton are primary producers that can be used as seawater condition indicators. Certain phytoplankton can proliferate, causing harmful algal blooms (HABs). The coastal waters of South Sulawesi, Indonesia are under pressure from land-based processes and activities resulting in inputs of organic and inorganic materials. This study analysed phytoplankton diversity and abundance in coastal waters around South Sulawesi. Phytoplankton were sampled and seawater parameters (salinity, temperature, turbidity, pH, nitrate concentration) measured in-situ at six stations around seven major river estuaries in three seaways (Makassar Strait, Flores Sea, Gulf of Bone). Phytoplankton taxonomic composition, abundance and indices of diversity (H’), evenness (E), and dominance (D) were analysed. Phytoplankton from 31 species and three classes (Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae) were identified. Phytoplankton abundance and community structure differed significantly between sites and seaways but were not significantly correlated with water quality parameters although Dinophyceae abundance correlated significantly with observed pollution levels. Phytoplankton abundance was strongly influenced by the Dinophyceae, especially Ceratium furca, a potential HAB species; Cyanophyceae had the strongest influence on species richness but least on community structure. C. furca abundance was strongly correlated negatively with species richness, H’ and E, and positively with D, indicating negative impacts of this species on phytoplankton communities.
Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoids from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Milk Banana Peel (Musa x paradisiaca L.)
Authors: Rita Wiwik Susanah , Asih Ida Ayu Raka Astiti , Swantara I Made Dira , Damayanti Ni Luh Yuli
Published: August 2021

Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can be treated by milk banana peels (Musa × paradisiaca L.). This study aims to reveal  the  antibacterial  activity  of  milk  banana  peel  ethyl  acetate  extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and to identify their active compounds.  Extraction  was  conducted  by  maceration  at  room  temperature, followed by partition. Separation was carried out by column chromatography with mobile phase of chloroform: ethyl acetate (7.5:2.5) and stationary phase of  silica gel  60.  Antibacterial assay  was  performed by  well  diffusion method and  identification  of  active  compounds  was  analyzed  by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and LC-MS/MS. Extraction of the peel powder produced methanol extract,  partition of the methanol extract resulted n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions. Antibacterial activity assay shows that ethyl acetate extract was the most active to inhibit the growth of both bacteria. Separation with column chromatography resulted 5 fractions. Identification of the  most active  fraction  with UV-Vis showed that the isolate gave maximum absorption at λ 339.00 nm (band  I) and λ 262.00  nm (band  II) which were thought to be flavonol (3-OH substituted). Analysis  with LC-MS/MS shows that the most active fraction contained 3-methacrylate flavonols and 3-(furan- 2yl) acrylate flavonols.
Calculation of Collision Probability Matrix of Nuclear Fuel Cell as a Function of Neutron Energy Group Using Flat Flux Model
Authors: Shafii Mohammad Ali , Fitriyani Dian , Tongkukut Seni H J , Su’ud Zaki
Published: August 2021

One of the methods that widely used in solving neutron transport equations in the nuclear fuel cell is the collision probability (CP) method. The neutron transport is very important to solve because the neutron distribution is related to the reactor power distribution. The important thing in the CP method is the CP matrix calculation, better known as has an important role in determining the neutron flux distribution in the reactor core. This study uses a linear flat flux model in each cell region for each energy group with white boundary condition. Although the type of reactor used in this study is a fast reactor, the matrix calculation still carried out in fast and thermal group energy. The matrix depends on the number of mesh in each cell region. The matrix formed from the mesh distribution will produce a matrix for each energy group. Because the boundary condition of the system is assumed that there are no contributions neutron source from the outside, the sum of the matrix must be less than one. In general, the results of the calculations in this study are following the theory
Research on Control System of 5-DOF Magnetic Suspension Flywheel Battery
Authors: Yang Runxian , Tao Tao
Published: August 2021

With the continuous reduction of fossil fuels, pure gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles will inevitably withdraw from the stage of history. In contrast, new energy vehicles have huge room for development. However, the battery life and charging time of new energy vehicles are two important factors restricting their development. Therefore, more efficient energy storage methods need to be studied. Compared with traditional batteries, the new flywheel battery has attracted more scholars' attention due to its advantages of high charge and discharge efficiency, large stored energy, and long life cycle. In order to improve the performance of the flywheel battery and reduce the loss, a five-degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation flywheel battery is proposed in the paper to replace the traditional bearing-supported flywheel battery. Usually, the research on flywheel battery only focuses on a single aspect, and there are few literature to analyze the entire flywheel battery control system. Hence, the structure and principle of the five-degree-of-freedom flywheel battery are first introduced in the paper to design the control system for the five-degree-of-freedom flywheel battery and build a simulation model with the help of the Matlab/Simulink software. Finally, an experimental platform for the five-degree-of-freedom flywheel battery is established to conduct the experimental study to verify the reliability of the control system. The experimental results show that the five-degree-of-freedom flywheel battery control system proposed in the paper has good performance and stability.
Microdose Flare-up Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist Protocol and GnRH Antagonist Protocol: Effects on In-vitro Fertilization in Patients with Poor-responder Diagnosis According to Bologna Criteria
Authors: Görgülü Gökşen , Çakır Köle Merve , Aldemir Oya , Köle Emre , Dilbaz Serdar
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate microdose flare-up Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol and GnRH antagonist protocol with respect to their effects on in-vitro fertilization (IVF) results in patients with poor ovarian response according to the Bologna Criteria.

Material Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the Assisted Reproduction clinic of University of Health Sciences, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Gynaecology Training and Research Hospital. A total of 645 patients who had been diagnosed as poor responders in our clinic, between 2007 and 2018, and received treatment with either microdose flare-up GnRH agonist protocol (n=250, 38.8%) or GnRH antagonist protocol (n=395, 61.2%), were included in the study.

Results: The mean age of the study group was 34.5±5.5 years. Comparisons showed that IVF cycle cancellation frequency (p<0.01), third day estradiol level (p=0.04) and third day follicle stimulating hormone level (p<0.01) were significantly greater in patients who underwent the microdose flare-up protocol. In the GnRH antagonist group, the number of surviving children (p=0.01), antral follicle count (p<0.01), follicle count on day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (p<0.01), endometrial thickness on hCG day (p<0.01), number of oocytes collected (p<0.01), mature oocyte count (p<0.01), embryo transfer number (p<0.01) were higher compared to the microdose flare-up protocol group. The two groups were similar in terms of clinical pregnancy rate.

Conclusions: In terms of clinical pregnancy rate, the IVF results of microdose flare-up and GnRH antagonist protocols are similar. Further studies are needed to reach more comprehensive results on the subject.
Utility of screening chest radiographs in patients with asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic COVID-19 at a field hospital in Samut Sakhon, Thailand
Authors: Trimankha Pilawan , Lakkana Jirapong Lakkana , Rungsin Runnaya , Autravisittikul Orawan , Deesuwan Pariyanoot Deesuwan, M.D. , Mekavuthikul Yasinee , Chodpanich Anocha
Published: August 2021

Background: In a new episode of the COVID -19 pandemic in Thailand during the beginning of 2021, cases in Samut Sakhon Province mainly occurred in foreign workers and were mostly asymptomatic or had mild disease. To prevent overwhelming the local hospital, a field hospital was established which used chest radiography as one of screening tools for triaging patients.
Objective: To determine the clinical utility of chest radiographs as a screening tool for COVID-19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic.
Materials and Methods: Six hundred nineteen patients with COVID -19 (confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) were registered at the field hospital at Samut Sakhon provincial sport stadium during 5-8 January 2021 and had chest radiographs taken. The image readings were based on the consensus of two radiologists and a final decision was made by a third radiologist if the first two did not agree. Findings on chest radiographs and clinical outcomes were evaluated.
Results: The study included 619 radiographs; 328/619 (53%) men and 291/619 (47%) women had a mean age of 33.3+/- 9.7 (range, 5-64) years. There was mild disease in 13/619, and asymptomatic infections in 606/619.  Chest radiographs were normal in 568 (91.7%) and abnormal in 51 (8.3%) patients; typical findings of COVID-19 were seen in 3 (0.5%) patients. Other abnormal findings were found in 23 (3.8%) patients such as active tuberculosis in 6 (1.0%). Four patients were transferred to the hospital, one of whom required supplemental oxygen. 
Conclusion: Combined chest radiographic and clinical information allows better decisions regarding hospital transfers of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients at a field hospital.
Escenarios en conflicto: identidad y cultura
Authors: Peña Milexa , Hernández Rosaura
Published: August 2021

A inicios del siglo XXI, lo que sabemos acerca de las categorías identidad y cultura es todo aquello que la filosofía, la psicología, la sociología, la antropología y la historia nos han legado desde sus parceladas y múltiples interpretaciones. Desde nuestros roles docentes, es necesario tomar conciencia acerca de la cultura y de las identidades individuales y colectivas como punto de partida para comprender la construcción, no sólo de lo social, sino de la persona misma, para de esta manera intentar desatar el nudo del discurso de uniformidad colectiva al que hemos estado atados e imbuidos durante siglos. El estudio se propone reflexionar sobre la identidad y la cultura más allá de sus conceptualizaciones, las cuales denotan un viejo escenario de conflictos, siendo protagonista la persona que, como ser social, asume la configuración de su identidad cultural, no por obligación, sino como un derecho natural que orienta el ejercicio de una práctica libertaria.
La relación familia-escuela-comunidad: una aproximación fenomenológica
Authors: Castillo Leonardo , García Martín
Published: August 2021

La relación familia-escuela-comunidad es fundamental en el logro de los objetivos planteados por la organización escolar, y desde esta perspectiva el propósito de este trabajo fue comprender esta relación en la Unidad Educativa Estadal "Dr. Leonardo Ruiz Pineda 1" de Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, desde la visión de los actores involucrados, para lo cual se utilizó el Método Fenomenológico. Los quince informantes calificados fueron seleccionados intencionalmente del personal docente, administrativo, obrero, alumnos, representantes de la escuela y vecinos del sector. La investigación se desarrolló en tres etapas: a) Previa o clarificación de los presupuestos, b) Descriptiva y c) Estructural. La estructura general construida mostró: falta de comunicación, ausencia de líderes, desidia, apatía y desinterés por parte de los actores y autores del proceso de la relación familia­escuela-comunidad; no obstante estuvieron conscientes de la problemática existente, así como de su responsabilidad directa en la solución de la misma.
El sistema prosódico español venezolano
Authors: Milano Angel
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo se llama 'Sistema Prosódico' para incluir ambos acentos en español: el prosódico y el ortográfico. Todas las palabras de contenido y de forma portan un acento en una de sus sílabas por ser un idioma de acentuación silábica. Las palabras de contenido y forma se clasifican como agudas, graves / llanas y esdrújulas por la posición del acento en una sílaba dada. En homófonos y homógrafos verbales, el acento distingue tiempo verbal / temporalidad, modo y persona. Igualmente, sirve para distinguir oposiciones entre los pares 'nombre / verbo' y 'nombre /adjetivo' en homófonos y homógrafos. Esta característica sistemática del español se presenta en un cuadro. También se incluye en el estudio la relación existente entre prosodia y entonación que complementa la pronunciación, semántica y sintaxis de las palabras en contexto o aisladamente. Se ofrecen ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo funciona la entonación en español venezolano.
Evaluación del desempeño docente en el aula como un indicador de calidad de la enseñanza
Authors: Valdivé Carmen , Pérez Jenny
Published: August 2021

En este estudio se evaluó el desempeño docente de los profesores universitarios para analizar su relación con la calidad de la enseñanza. La población estuvo conformada por 120 docentes que laboraron en el PAENA de la UPEL-IPB, durante el mes de agosto del 2004. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario de opinión tomado de Valdés (2000), pero reestructurado para su aplicación. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el promedio del índice académico del profesor y que las variables restantes (años de servicios, nivel académico, categoría académica y género) no son factores determinantes en la calidad de la enseñanza que se le brinda a los estudiantes. Se concluye que la calidad del desempeño docente está más relacionada con sus aptitudes y actitudes (formación pedagógica, capacidad de motivar, de enseñar y de relacionarse con los alumnos) que con los conocimientos que posee de la materia.
Educación a distancia y creación de espacios de interacción
Authors: Bustamante Suleima , Torres Yury
Published: August 2021

El presente ensayo se sustenta en el análisis sobre los cambios experimentados en la educación a distancia (EAD) y en la propia educación tradicional, con la incorporación en la práctica pedagógica de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) y el surgimiento de paradigmas a partir de la interacción de los distintos actores del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje a través de: e-learding, b-learding, chat. La discusión gira en torno a las tecnologías como herramientas para innovar en educación, conforme a una metodología documental, crítico-reflexiva, centrada en la construcción del conocimiento, para arribar a evidencias que orientan la estructura académica - científico- tecnológica de las instituciones de educación superior, reflejadas en la innovación curricular, adaptación de planes y programas afianzados en la modalidad de EAD y  el espacio virtual con el uso de las TIC. Finalmente se establece que para generar un impacto de las TIC en la configuración de nuevos modelos de enseñanza, se requiere de una visión integradora de  políticas educativas, organizacionales, recursos tecnológicos y actores involucrados, ganados para el trabajo compartido.
Perspectivas teóricas y epistemológicas de la investigación cualitativa en educación: ideas básicas para su comprensión
Authors: Rojas Torres Ana Cecilia , Rojas de Chirinos Blanca
Published: August 2021

En el campo de las Ciencias Sociales, la investigación se ha convertido en una actividad importante y necesaria en  educación, dando origen a una disciplina académica denominada investigación educativa, categoría conceptual amplia  que en los últimos tiempos  ha  adoptado nuevos significados, a la par que han aparecido nuevos enfoques y modos de entender el hecho educativo, convirtiéndose la investigación cualitativa en una alternativa que permite comprender cómo los actores sociales experimentan, perciben, crean, modifican e interpretan la realidad educativa. En este sentido surge la iniciativa de presentar este ensayo con la finalidad proporcionarle al docente conocimientos básicos sobre las perspectivas teóricas y epistemológicas de la metodología cualitativa que le ayude a comprender el objetivo que se propone cada método, en el marco del cuerpo teórico de este tipo de investigación.
El aprendizaje cooperativo desde el fundamento de la teoría vygotskyana
Authors: Andrade Francisco , Sarcos Dilia
Published: August 2021

En este estudio se analiza el enfoque aprendizaje cooperativo (AC) desde la teoría vygotskyana (TV). Es una investigación documental, sustentada en estudios previos y datos conseguidos en diversas fuentes impresas. El estudio muestra que el AC tiene una relación intrínseca con la  perspectiva de la TV, dado que ambas centran su atención en la mediación grupal, la interdependencia, la interacción social y multidirección de la acción. Como conclusión se tiene que el AC representa un enfoque que valida un proceso de construcción del aprendizaje basado en la interacción grupal, al llegar a formar relaciones de alta calidad y habilidades necesarias para desarrollar una tarea con excelencia. En igual sentido se tiene, que los postulados de la teoría histórico socio cultural, relacionados con los procesos superiores y la zona de desarrollo próximo, dan explicación a la internalización de la información mediante la interacción social, en el cual puede sustentarse el AC.
8. El analisis contrastativo (AC): una visión renovada
Authors: Zapata Chinger
Published: August 2021

El Análisis Contrastativo , utilizado para detectar errores en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, aparece en la historia de la lingüística a mediados del siglo XX. Tras su fracaso en el ámbito de la didáctica, ha resurgido una nueva propuesta que se interesa más por la descripción de tipologías diferenciadoras entre lenguas. En este sentido, la presente investigación documental presenta una revisión crítica de lo que ha sido el AC desde sus inicios, hasta la presente fecha, con el propósito de develar su nueva orientación metodológica y borrar de su concepción el estigma adquirido durante los años 60. Se destacan la redefinición de la disciplina y la descripción de sus fases y niveles de análisis, contrastándolos con lo que representaba y lo que hoy día es. Se concluye enfatizando el carácter personal y propio del AC y su desarrollo y expansión en la última década.
1. La dimensión ambiental en el comportamiento cotidiano del estudiante de la Tercera Etapa de Educación Básica
Authors: Silva Orlando , García Martín
Published: August 2021

El artículo reporta una investigación que tuvo como propósito construir una aproximación interpretativa, desde la percepción de los actores de la comunidad educativa, sobre la dimensión ambiental en el comportamiento cotidiano del estudiante de la tercera etapa de educación básica, para lo cual se diseñó una investigación cualitativa, apoyada en el método fenomenológico. Se seleccionaron como informantes clave, de manera intencional, a diecinueve miembros de la comunidad educativa de la Escuela Granja Hato Arriba, ubicada en la comunidad del mismo nombre en el Municipio Morán del estado Lara. Entre los hallazgos se encuentran: el comportamiento incrongruente del estudiantado al depositar los residuos sólidos en sitios inadecuados con la correspondiente generación de conflictos entre el personal docente y de mantenimiento; la debilidad de compromiso por parte de los docentes para que la dimensión ambiental se practique como herramienta pedagógica que ayude a conservar el ambiente; y el bajo nivel de conciencia ambiental en la comunidad educativa. Se concluye en la necesidad de acitvar y fortalecer lazos de participación colectiva que ayuden a mejorar las relaciones interpersonales en pro de conservar su hábitat y elevar la conciencia ambientalista deseada.
Pessoas surdas na aula de Matemática... E agora? (Análise de uma práxis com materiais didáticos)
Authors: Souza Lucas José de , Mariani Rita de Cássia Pistóia
Published: August 2021

Considerando a inclusão como um paradigma necessário à democratização de espaços, este artigo objetiva apresentar a constituição de uma Sequência de Tarefas relacionada à aprendizagem de números reais, por meio de materiais didáticos, desenvolvida no 1º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da comunidade surda. A partir de um estudo de caso, dados do perfil discente, da observação participante e de uma Sequência de Tarefas foram analisados pela ótica qualitativa e semio-cognitiva. Entre os resultados, constata-se que o tangram propiciou maior mobilização de representações fracionárias e apreensões figurais. A calculadora, régua e compasso permitiram explorar representações decimais e construções geométricas, estabelecendo pontos sob a reta numérica. O livro didático desencadeou a necessidade de tradução para a Libras na abordagem das representações em português e linguagem matemática. Conclui-se que tais materiais didáticos contribuíram para a coordenação de representações, tomando como ponto de partida o figural e favorecendo a apreensão conceitual.
Giyilebilir Teknolojiler için Arayüz Tasarımı ile Aktivite Takibi
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Ahmet , TÜYSÜZ M. Fatih
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma Şanlıurfa ilinde yaşayan insanların günlük aktivite hareket verilerini giyilebilir teknoloji (akıllı bileklik) kullanılarak; kalp atım hızı (nabız), adım, mesafe, kalori, derin uyku, hafif uyku, uyanık zaman, uyku, yatış saati, kalkış saati vb. aktiviteleri takip etmek ve ölçmek için yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, akıllı bileklik takılan kişilerden 24 saat süre zarfında bu bilekliği elinden çıkarmaması istenmiştir. Bu işlem sonucunda akıllı bileklikten web bluetooth aracılığıyla yazılımla veri çekme işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu uygulama için MySQL veri tabanı kullanılmıştır. Veri tabanını yönetmek için de phpMyAdmin kullanılmıştır. Localhost için Apache server, web içinde domain-hosting hizmeti veren kuruluşun server’ı kullanılmıştır. Bu üç uygulamayı (MySQL, phpMyAdmin, Apache server) localde çalıştırmak ve yönetmek içinde Xampp uygulaması kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler SPSS 20 istatistik paket programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Akıllı bileklikten alınan nabız, adım, mesafe, kalori, derin uyku, hafif uyku, uyanık zaman, uyku, yatış saati, kalkış saati vb. aktiviteleri ile ilgili veriler katılımcıların demografik özellikleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma işleminde Independent Sample T testi ve One-Way Anova testi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde katılımcıların nabız, adım, mesafe, kalori gibi aktivitelerinin bazı demografik özellikleri açısından anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Impact of a Self-Help Intervention on Performance of Headache Management Behaviors: A Self-Efficacy Approach
Authors: Bond Dale , Durrant Lynne , Digre Kathleen , Baggaley Susan , Rubingh Carla
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated the importance of modeling and performance accomplishment of behavior on enhancing headache management self-efficacy and increasing acquisition and implementation of four headache self-management behaviors: headache diary use, limiting medication overuse, relaxation, and stretching. Primary headache disordered patients (n = 51) were randomly assigned to 3 conditions: self-efficacy videotape treatment (SET; education + modeling and performance of behavior), information-only videotape treatment (IOT; education only), or no-treatment comparison (NTC). The SET group reported higher self-efficacy scores than the NTC at immediate post-treatment. At 1-month follow-up, the SET group reported more headache diary use than the IOT and NCT groups, whereas both the SET and IOT groups reported more frequent performance of the relaxation and stretching behaviors than the NTC group. Despite a smaller sample size, the SET treatment produced a slight increase in headache management self-efficacy immediately after treatment, as well as increased performance of three of the four headache management behaviors at 1-month follow-up. A reduction in self-efficacy following the immediate posttreatment period suggests that multiple treatment exposure may be necessary to effect long-lasting change with respect to self-efficacy, behavioral performance and ultimately changes in headache activity. Although limited in their ability to provide feedback and reinforcement, the potential benefits for patients and health care professionals warrant continued development and study of behavior theory-driven self-help treatment for headache. Future studies should include a larger sample that consists of motivated patients with less severe headache problems who may be more apt to benefit from such theory-driven strategies.
Self-Reported Versus Recorded Sleep Position: An Observational Study
Authors: Gordon Susan , Grimmer Karen , Trott Patricia
Published: August 2021

Background: Patient reports of ‘usual’ and ‘recent’ sleep positions are used by allied health professionals to direct the management of waking and nocturnal musculoskeletal symptoms. However no published studies have determined if self reports of sleep position are valid, consistent or reliable. An observational study was conducted at the Centre for Sleep Research of the University of South Australia. Twelve subjects, four in each of the age groups 18 to 39 years, 40 to 59 years and 60 years and over, without any known sleep disorders or sleep-disturbing medical or emotional problems participated in the study. Subjects spent two non-consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory, where an infra-red light source allowed their sleep position during the night to be recorded on video. Prior to retiring, subjects recorded the position in which they believed they spent the most time during a ‘usual’ nights sleep. In the morning, they recorded the position in which they believed they spent the most time during the recorded nights sleep. Videos were viewed in order to count the number of position shifts per night and to calculate the total amount of time each subject spent lying prone, supine and on their side. Subjects’ pre- and post-sleep questionnaire responses were then compared to the video record to determine validity, the amount of time spent in each sleep position was compared across the two nights to determine consistency and pre-and post-sleep questionnaire responses were compared to determine reliability of self reported sleep position. High correlation was found when comparing subjects’ self report of their common sleep positions with the video record. The sensitivity of self reported ‘usual’ night side lying sleep position was 89% and ‘last’ night reports 95%. Sleep position was consistent across repeated nights’ sleep, and there was good reliability between subjects’ self report of ‘usual’ (92%) and ‘last night’ (83%) sleep positions. This study reports high validity, reliability and consistency in self reports of ‘usual’ and ‘recent’ sleep positions
Informing Discharge Plans. Assessments of Elderly Patients in Australian Public Hospitals: A Field Study
Authors: Grimmer Karen , May Esther , Dawson Anna , Peoples Claudia
Published: August 2021

This paper describes assessment practices related to discharging elderly patients from Australian acute public hospitals. Common assessments were of cognition, continence, wound care, hygiene needs, nutrition, mobility and self-care. Nurses and social workers commonly took non-standardised assessment approaches, whilst therapists were more likely to use published assessment instruments. Patients’ perspectives were rarely incorporated into assessments. The relationship between many common assessment items and patients’ ability to manage safely after discharge from hospital was unclear. The validity of assessment items, the reliability with which assessments were taken, ‘normal’ variability in responses, and interpretation of instrument ‘scores’ with respect to post-discharge independence were rarely considered.This study highlighted the need to consider organisational and professional barriers to good discharge planning practices, the purpose, frequency, validity and accuracy of discharge-related assessments, patients’ and carers concerns, health professionals’ capacity, opportunity and commitment to share assessment findings relative to planning discharge.
Maternal Smoking Contributes to the Development of Childhood ADHD
Authors: Sadowski Kelly , Parish Thomas
Published: August 2021

A review of the literature was undertaken concerning maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy. A link between this behavior and an increased incidence of behavioral disorders, specifically Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was explored. The review was performed using Medline, CINAHL, and Pubmed. Search terms used were maternal smoking, ADHD, and behavioral disorders. Maternal smoking during pregnancy appears to be associated with an increased incidence of ADHD in childhood. A direct causative relationship has not been established. However, after controlling for other potential variables such as maternal age, education and socioeconomic status, it can be concluded that smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for the development of ADHD in childhood. The development of childhood behavior disorders is likely a lesser-known effect of maternal smoking. This information can be used to alert physician assistants and other clinicians to a potentially preventable common childhood cognitive disorder.
ON A PROBLEM FOR AN ELASTIC INFINITE SHEET STRENGTHENED BY TWO PARALLEL STRINGERS WITH FINITE LENGTHS THROUGH ADHESIVE SHEAR LAYERS
Authors: Kerobyan Aghasi V.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the problem for an elastic infinite sheet (plate), which is strengthened on two parallel finite parts of its upper surface by two parallel finite stringers with different elastic properties. The parallel stringers are located asymmetrically with respect to the horizontal axis of the sheet and deform under the action of horizontal forces. The interaction between the infinite sheet and stringers takes place through thin elastic adhesive layers. The problem of determining unknown shear stresses acting between the infinite sheet and stringers is reduced to a system of Fredholm integral equations of second kind with respect to unknown functions, which are specified on two parallel finite intervals. It is shown that in the certain domain of the change of the characteristic parameters of the problem this system of integral equations in Banach space can be solved by the method of successive approximations. Particular cases are considered, the character and behaviour of unknown shear stresses are investigated.
EXPLICIT FORM FOR THE FIRST INTEGRAL AND LIMIT CYCLES OF A CLASS OF PLANAR KOLMOGOROV SYSTEMS
Authors: Boukoucha Rachid
Published: August 2021

In this paper we characterize the integrability and the non-existence of limit cycles of Kolmogorov systems of the form

\begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} x^{\prime }=x\left( R\left( x,y\right) \exp \left( \dfrac{A\left( x,y\right) }{B\left( x,y\right) }\right) +P\left( x,y\right) \exp \left( \dfrac{C\left( x,y\right) }{D\left( x,y\right) }\right) \right) , \\ \\ y^{\prime }=y\left( R\left( x,y\right) \exp \left( \dfrac{A\left( x,y\right) }{B\left( x,y\right) }\right) +Q\left( x,y\right) \exp \left( \dfrac{V\left( x,y\right) }{W\left( x,y\right) }\right) \right) , \end{array} \right. \end{equation*}

where $A\left( x,y\right)$, $B\left( x,y\right)$, $C\left( x,y\right)$, $D\left( x,y\right)$, $P\left( x,y\right)$, $Q\left( x,y\right)$, $R\left(x,y\right)$, $V\left( x,y\right)$, $W\left( x,y\right)$ are homogeneous polynomials of degree $a$, $a$, $b$, $b$, $n$, $n$, $m$, $c$, $c$, respectively. Concrete example exhibiting the applicability of our result is introduced.
PATH FOLLOWING PROBLEM FOR UAV CARRYING PENDULUM
Authors: Shahinyan Arman S.
Published: August 2021

The linearized dynamics of a UAV is considered along with a pendulum hanging from it. The state trajectories of the center of mass of the UAV are given. Given the trajectory of the center of mass of the UAV and the state trajectory of its yaw angle, we have to find the control actions and conditions under which the UAV would follow the path while holding the pendulum stable around its lower equilibrium point. The problem is solved using the method for solving inverse problems of dynamics. All the state trajectories of the system and all the control actions are calculated. The condition is obtained under which a solution to the path following problem exists. A specified simple trajectory is chosen as an example for visualizing the results.
INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN THE ARPA RIVER (ARMENIA) AND ITS MAIN TRIBUTARIES
Authors: Hayrapetyan A.H. , Bolotov S.E. , Gevorgyan G.A. , Gabrielyan B.K.
Published: August 2021

The role of different environmental factors in the formation of zooplankton community in the river ecosystems of the Arpa River catchment basin was investigated. The results of the study showed that zooplankton diversity in the mentioned ecosystems was significantly affected by the river velocity, which caused not only deterioration but also improvement in the status of zooplankton diversity. It was also revealed that the main environmental factors determining the species structure of zooplankton community in the Arpa, Yeghegis and Darb rivers were oxygen saturation, total phosphorus, total suspended solids and organic matter (of terrigenous origin probably).
MINERAL SALT CONTENT IN THE WATER OF THE VOGHJI RIVER CATCHMENT BASIN (ARMENIA): ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON IRRIGATED SOILS AND CROPS
Authors: Varagyan A.L. , Gevorgyan G.A. , Varagyan V.M.
Published: August 2021

Agricultural risks of mineral salt (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, SO42- , Cl- , CO32- , HCO3- ) content in the water of the Voghji River catchment basin were assessed. Water sampling and hydrochemical analyses were implemented in July and September 2017. The results of the study showed that anthropogenic salt level in the Voghji River water site located downstream from Kapan Town and in the area of the Norashenik River mouth may have posed serious health risks to irrigated soils and crops.
The Role of Monetary Policy in Activating the Bank Credit Channel: Iraq Case Study
Authors: Sabri Mustafa Mohammed
Published: August 2021

The main objective of the research is to find out how monetary policy has influenced the support and promotion of bank credit to promote the economy by creating jobs and addressing unemployment, where the central bank after2003 played a leading and active role in supporting commercial banks and promoting bank credit ‘One of the central bank's important objectives is to stabilize the overall level of prices set out in law No 56 For the year ( ( 2004 Article (3) The Central Bank of Iraq has used the policy of stability in the exchange rate of the dinar as a key tool in stabilizing prices in Iraq through the window of selling foreign currency.
Preliminary Study on Water Quality and Heteropterans Diversity in a Semi-Urban Stream (Central Region of Cameroon)
Authors: Dzavi Jean , Foto Menbohan Samuel , Mboye Blaise Rollinat , Tsowa Pianta Leonelle , Nzépang Tchizé Audrey Glwadys , Toumbou Nouazi Amandine Laure , Biram à Ngon Eric Belmond , Eneke Takem Gloria
Published: August 2021

A study was conducted in the Konglo stream for six months to make an inventory of aquatic heteroptera, following a monthly sampling frequency. Some hydrological and physicochemical parameters such as water width, current velocity, and water flow, water temperature and pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, phosphates, nitrates, and ammonia were measured according to standard methods. For an inventory of the heteropterans, the multihabitat approach was used during sampling, but only heteropterans representing 3.15 % of total abundance are considered in this study. The hydrological variables were different in each station. The water width and flow were increased from upstream to downstream. The results showed that pH, total hardness, nitrites, phosphates, and ammonia values ​​were weak and no significant differences were observed. Among physicochemical variables, only dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity were different between upstream and downstream. The conductivity increased from upstream to downstream while the dissolved oxygen was very low downstream. 62 individuals were collected and counted belonging to 11 taxa, the most abundant being Ranatra linearis. The other taxa such as Anisops sp., Aphelocheirus aestivalis, Gerris sp., Gerridae Nd., Hydrometra sp., Ilyocoris cimicoides, Naucoris sp., Nepa sp., Notonectidae Nd., and Velia sp. were poorly represented. High abundance was recorded at the upstream (38 individuals), but the taxonomic richness (3 taxa) and diversity (0.24 bits/ind) remain low, unlike the stations located downstream (7 taxa and 1.82 bits/ind).
The Effects of Forest Management Activities on Genetic Diversity of Forest Trees
Authors: Gautam Subash , Timilsina Sachin , Shrestha Manish
Published: August 2021

Genetic diversity helps to survive forest trees in several environmental changes and disease conditions. Different forest management activities such as harvesting, thinning, natural or artificial regeneration, seedlings or coppice forests, fragmentation, and overexploitation have a tremendous influence on the genetic diversity and population structure of forest trees. This paper aimed to review the impacts of these activities on the genetic diversity of forest trees. For this, we reviewed several scientific literature related to forest management practices that affect genetic diversity. Altogether,75 papers were reviewed, interpreted, and evaluated to prepare our final manuscript. The result of this study recommends that the level of genetic impacts varies with management activities, stand structure as well as species characteristics. There is very limited information about the impacts of forest management practices on the genetic diversity of forest trees since it is only focused on the growth of stands. The field research activities for species-specific must be executed considering ecological and reproductive parameters to assure sustainable forest ecosystems. Hence, this review will be beneficial for forest conservationists, researchers, and managers for the management of forests through better forest management activities preserving a genetic pool of the forest trees, and sustainable utilization of forest products.
Habitat Ecology of Epiphytic & Terrestrial Orchids in Langchenphu, Jomotsangkha Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan
Authors: Choden Kelzang , Jambay  , Nepal Arjun , Choden  , Suberi Bhagat
Published: August 2021

Orchids are the largest and diverse families of flowering plants. Orchids are found growing mostly in tropical climates affecting various communities socio-economically. Among many protected areas in Bhutan, Jomotshangkha Wildlife Sanctuary (JWS) is the least explored in terms of flora and fauna. The study was carried out to assess diversity, host tree preferences and to determine the growth zone of epiphytic orchids along the altitudinal gradient in Langchenphu gewog in JWS. Transect technique was used in which three trails transect were laid out with 10 sampling plots in each transect. Plots size of 20 m × 20 m along the altitudinal gradients were established maintaining an altitudinal interval of 100 meters between each sample plot. A total of 42 species of epiphytic orchids from 20 genera was recorded of23 host tree species under 15 families were recorded. A significant correlation between diversity of orchid and altitude was observed (r = .927, p < .05). Myrtaceae and Theaceae were the most preferred host tree families (14%) followed by Bignoniaceae (13%) and others respectively. The Study concludes that 57% of total species encountered prefers higher canopy & on a tree with rough bark, Pearson chi-square test (X2(1) = 4.7, p< .05) showed a significant difference between trunk, branches, and canopy. Many epiphytic orchids prefer dense canopy (n = 73, 47%) and living trees (99%). Future studies should be focused more on the flowering season for obtaining better information on orchid diversity in the study area.
Kína demográfiai helyzete a 2020-as népszámlálás tükrében
Authors: Salát Gergely
Published: August 2021

2020 végén tartották a Kínai Népköztársaság történetének hetedik népszámlásását, amelynek előzetes eredményeit 2021 májusában hozták nyilvánosságra. A cenzus nemcsak statisztikai célokat szolgál: a világ legnépesebb országának demográfiai helyzete évtizedek óta rendkívül gyorsan változik, a társadalom gyökeres átalakuláson megy keresztül, s a pekingi döntéshozók a tízévente megrendezett népszámlálás alapján kapnak olyan részletes információkat az ország népességének állapotáról, amelyekre a különböző intézkedéseket, szakpolitikákat és az ország általános stratégiáját alapozhatják. Kína méreteinél fogva a kínai demográfia alakulásának globális hatása van, a kínai gazdaság és társadalom kilátásai mellett az egész világ jövőjét befolyásolja. A 2020-as népszámlálás eddig nyilvánosságra hozott adatai azt mutatják, hogy Kína népességének növekedése az elmúlt évtizedben tovább lassult, s hamarosan eléri a csúcspontot; az elöregedés folytatódott; ütemesen zajlott az urbanizáció; a nemek aránya némileg kiegyensúlyozottabbá vált; s miközben az aktív korosztály lélekszáma és aránya csökkent, minősége – a képzettségi szintet tekintve – jelentősen növekedett.
Treating Depression Using Ketamine
Authors: Griffith Clairmont , La France Ms. Bernice
Published: August 2021

Unipolar major depressive disorder affects a significant number of individuals across the globe placing at the top of the list as the leading cause of disability, related to damaging ramifications on the well-being affected persons and the societies. The current standard antidepressants targeting monoamine systems take long in starting a response. Therefore, there is a need in depression patients that is yet to be satisfied efficacious and swiftly acting antidepressant like those containing ketamine agent. This paper attempts to proof why ketamine should be used to treat depression. It compares it with other agents like nitrous oxide and it evident that ketamine is much faster and more effective than current antidepressants.