bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wear Behaviour of Al-Si and Zn Coated 22MnB5 in Hot Stamping
Authors: Bariani Paolo F. , Bruschi Stefania , Ghiotti Andrea , Medea Francesco
Published: June 2014

Hot stamping of quenchenable high strength steels represents the most promising forming technology for the manufacturing of safety and crash relevant car parts. In such process, the manganese-boron steel 22MnB5 is homogeneously austenitized, formed and subsequently quenched in one process step, so that complex geometric structural components can be formed with an ultimate tensile strength up to 1500 MPa. Due to the high temperature, no lubrication is used during the process with consequent high wear and reduced service-life of the dies. Commercial available steel blanks usually present an Al-Si coating that has been specifically developed as a protection from oxidation and decarburization and, at the same time, has proved positive influence also on the decreasing the friction at interface between the blank and the dies during the forming. Although such coating is generally accepted as the only lubrication medium in hot stamping, its performances are considered not appropriate for a good lubrication. The paper presents the comparison of the standard Al-Si coating and a new Zn coating when applied to metal sheets in hot stamping. A novel apparatus to investigate the tribological conditions during sheet metal working processes is presented. In addition to the control of mechanical (i.e. normal pressure) and kinematic parameters (i.e. sliding speed, sliding length), the developed testing machine permits to reproduce the thermal fields and monitor the thermal conditions of the sheet and tool materials. Experiments were carried out on Zn coated 22MnB5 sheets in the range between 700° and 950°C and compared with the performances of the commercial Al-Si coating. The coating performances are investigated for different heating temperatures and soaking times.
Micro-Plasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication a Fundamental Mechanism in Cold Rolling
Authors: Laugier Maxime , Boman Romain , Legrand Nicolas , Ponthot Jean Philippe , Tornicelli Maurice , Bech Jakob Ilsted , Carretta Yves
Published: June 2014

This paper presents recent investigations in Micro-Plasto-Hydrodynamic (MPH) lubrication. Industrial evidences of the existence of MPH lubrication mechanism for cold rolling processes are presented. A new lubrication model developed for strip drawing processes is then applied to predict the MPH lubrication initiation and MPH lubrication extension along the tool-piece solid contacts initially in boundary lubrication regime. Finally, it is shown how this new MPH lubrication model can be implemented in a cold rolling model to maximize mills capabilities, determine optimum rolling oils properties and predict roughness transfer.
Direct Evaluation of Coulomb Friction Coefficient from Sheet Strip Stretch Test on a Cylinder Surface
Authors: Karadogan Celalettin , Hatipoglu Hasan Ali
Published: June 2014

Knowing the flow curve of a sheet metal, strain distribution on a sheet strip may be used to roughly but quickly evaluate the Coulomb friction coefficient. Strain distribution on the strip being stretched on a cylindrical surface of interest may be measured by an optical strain measurement system. This could be used to estimate the stresses on the specimen. The capstan equation is then used to roughly evaluate the coefficient of friction acting between the sheet strip and the cylindrical surface. Validation of the approach is done using the simulation of the process. The corresponding experiments can be performed easily on a sheet metal testing device equipped with an optical strain measurement system, which is commonly used for the experimental evaluation of FLCs.
Tribological Behaviour of Corrosion Inhibitors in Metal Working Fluids under Different Contact Conditions
Authors: Tomala Agnieszka , Naveira Suarez Aldara , Rodríguez Ripoll Manel
Published: June 2014

The use of different process media such as cutting fluids, coolants, honing oil and washing media in typical machining operations exceeds 5,000 m3 per year. These media support critical functions such as lubrication, corrosion protection, cleaning and cooling, and have an enormous effect on the manufacturing performance. The tribological properties of these media are improved by using additive molecules, which are physically or chemically adsorbed on the surface of tools and workpieces. The additive performance is especially important in water lubricated tribosystems, where the environment is highly corrosive. The role of corrosion inhibitors typically applied is to neutralize the pH of contaminants in the fluid. Ethanolamines and ethylamines are known as ligands which can form chelate bonds with metals via their amino, hydroxyl and deprotonated hydroxyl-groups. In tribology they are widely spread, as corrosion inhibitors and detergents especially for water based lubricants. This study inquires the tribological performance of amine-based solutions in two types of tribotesters which apply different contact conditions. The dissimilar behaviour under rolling and sliding contact is explained in terms of the structure of the adsorbed compounds. Understanding the performance of the first chemisorbed layers of additives on the workpiece provides essential information for optimizing lubrication in aqueous solutions.
Numerical Hybrid Fluid Structure Coupling: Application to Mixed Lubrication in Metal Forming
Authors: Deltombe Raphael , Belotserkovets Anastasia , Dubar Laurent
Published: June 2014

The present paper deals with a sequential fluid structure coupling approach in order to solution the roughness prediction. The cold rolling model involves the strip with its asperities, the lubricant and the working roll. The strip asperities are modeled in 2D (trapezoidal shape) forming valleys and plateaus. Fluid flow rate between each valley full of lubricant is solved using local Couette's equation. Thus, the volume of lubricant trapped and its pressure are updated on the cold rolling model. During computations, the asperity is deformed from the entry to the exit to obtain its final shape. Global parameters such as front, back tensions, speeds are taken into account but also rheological (fluid, solid) and tribological behaviours.
Mechanism of Forming Joining on Backward Extrusion Forged Bonding Process
Authors: Yoshida Yoshinori , Ishikawa Takashi , Suganuma Tomoaki
Published: June 2014

A backward extrusion forged bonding using low carbon steel and pure aluminum is conducted. The bonding strength between the materials is evaluated by a micro tensile test that is cut out at the bonding boundary. The maximum bonding strength is larger than that of the aluminum. In addition, the metallurgical mechanism of the joining of the backward extrusion forged bonding is investigated by means of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). An intermetallic compound (IMC) layer is produced at the boundary with a thickness of about 3 nm. The process is applied for bonding between aluminum-nickel and between aluminum-copper. The bonding strength between the materials was evaluated by using a micro tensile test and the maximum bonding strength is shown. Fractured surfaces of the tensile specimens are observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and relationship between bonding strength and position on the boundary is discussed.
Material Characterization for FEA of the Clinching Process of Short Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics with an Aluminum Sheet
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Rolfes Raimund , Vucetic Milan , Peshekhodov Ilya , Reinoso Jose , Vogler Matthias , Grbic Nenad
Published: June 2014

Multi-material and hybrid constructions are increasingly used in the automotive industry with the aim of achieving significant weight reductions of conventional car bodies, and thereby lead to effective reductions of fuel consumption. In this respect, the use of aluminum and short fiber reinforced plastics represents an interesting material combination. A full exploitation of such a material combination requires a suitable joining technique. Among different joining techniques, clinching represents one of the most appealing alternatives for automotive applications. This contribution deals with the experimental tests for determination of material behaviour of two representative materials PA6GF30 and EN AW 5754, which are used for parameterization of material models needed for numerical analysis of the clinching process using the FE software LS-DYNA. With regard to the material modeling of the aluminum sheet, an isotropic material model based on the von Mises plasticity implemented in LS-DYNA was chosen. For the description of the strain hardening behaviour of the aluminum sheet at high equivalent plastic strains, the hydraulic bulge test was carried out in addition to the uniaxial tensile test. For modeling of the short fiber reinforced thermoplastic a semi-analytical model for polymers (SAMP-1) available in LS-DYNA was taken. This material model uses an isotropic pressure dependent yield surface for the description of homogeneous materials. Finally, the FE model of clinching process is presented and an outlook of planned activities is given in terms on determination of the yield surface and hardening behaviour of PA6GF30 at high plastic strains.
Development of a Heating System for a Spiral Tribometer to Investigate the Influence of Temperature on Tribological Systems
Authors: Huskic Aziz , Mehic Bakir , Kasper Martin , Vaught Douglas
Published: June 2014

Tribometer measurements are used to simulate and investigate friction and wear mechanisms in sliding solid state systems. In metal forming and especially in deep drawing, tribometers are used to study the friction characteristics in the area of the stamp edge and draw edge rounding of a deep drawing tool. To replicate the reality of the deep drawing process a commercially available pin-on-disc tribometer is only useable to a certain extent because only a circular path can be traversed. At the Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences in Wels a spiral tribometer has been developed that can measure the friction coefficient along the desired friction distance. During the deep drawing process the temperature on the surface of a deep drawing tool rise due to the friction and wear conditions caused by the process. In order to investigate the influence of temperature the spiral tribometer is equipped with a heating system. To verify the results, comparison tests are performed with a commercially available pin-on-disc tribometer. Comparative tests confirm that the results obtained with the developed spiral tribometer match the values of the pin-on-disc tribometer.
Ductile Powders Mechanically Alloyed in an Effective Way
Authors: Guerrero-Paz Jaime
Published: June 2014

The effect of the powder quantity on the effectiveness of the mechanical alloying process using different ductile powder systems was studied. X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry-scanning electron microscopy were the techniques employed to characterize the mechanically alloyed powders. Results showed that a same volume of powders, which represented different powder mass quantities for each system and composition, was used to mechanically alloy in an effective way in horizontal ball mills.
Effect of Mechanical Vibration during the Solidification Process of an Aluminium Alloy A356
Authors: Cardoso-Legorreta Edgar , Arenas Flores Alberto , García Felipe Legorreta
Published: June 2014

The treatment with mechanical vibrations during the solidification process promote microstructural changes in metallic alloys, in order to have a better understanding on this matter mechanical vibration were applied to an aluminum alloy A356, while teeming in order to evaluate the morphological changes on αAl primary phase in the solidification process. Two routes were analyzed, a cooling slope and a rotational mold. This paper shows the results of quantify the effect of mechanical vibration and the specific characteristic of casting to obtain a spherical morphology on the αAl primary, that allow to obtain thixoformable raw material.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(II) Complexes with Long Chain Dithiocarbamates
Authors: Torres-Gomez Nayely , Vilchis-Nestor Alfredo R. , Gomez-Espinosa Rosa Maria , Garcia-Orozco Ivan
Published: June 2014

Copper complexes of dithiocarbamates ligands were obtained from RNH2 (R = C6H13-, C12H25- y C18H37-) and an excess of CS2 in the presence of NaOH. Sodium hexyldithiocarbamate is not possible to isolate from solution but the other two were obtained and characterizedby infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis and powder X-ray diffraction. Copper complexes were obtained in situ from ligand solution as greenish powders. All the complexes were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis, powder X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The complexes show an amorphous phase in the case of DCu12 and nanocrystalline structure for DCu18, as observed in XRD.
Developing Alternative Building Materials from Mining Waste
Authors: Flores Badillo Javier , Hernández Ávila Juan , Patiño Cardona Francisco , Trápala Pineda Norma Yacelit , Ostos Santos José Abacú
Published: June 2014

In this paper we present the production of alternative industrial materials from the mining waste in the form of tailings, this study was made with the tailings of Dos Carlos, establishing 4 sampling zones, dividing them into three strata in the bottom, middle and top. The sampling method used is quartering, to homogenize the material and anticipate the possible use of it as a building material, having for this purpose 12 ceramic mixtures for subsequent treatment. Chemical composition was determined as 70.43% SiO2, 7.032% Al2O3, 2.69% Fe2O3, 0.46% MnO2, 3.98% K2O, 3.34% CaO, 2.50% Na2O, 56 grams per tonne of Ag y 0.6 grams per tonne of Au. In the mineralogical characterization the tailings presents silica, albite, berlinite, orthoclase and potassium jarosite as the main mineral phases, among other mineral phases in lesser concentration such as gypsum, calcite, anorthoclase, pyrite, sphalerite and galena. The determinations of the tailing material granulometry in the range of 60% in a size less than 270 mesh (53 μm). Afterwards, the alternative industrial materials were produced by using the tailings and heavy clay in order to give the composite a good green strength and plasticity during development, but above all to give it a compressive strength similar or higher than that of products derived from conventional processes. Keywords: Tailings, green strength, compressive strength, plasticity, heavy clays, alternative industrial materials.
Synthesis of Silver Submicroparticles and Nanoparticles over Microfiltration Membranes Impregnated with Surfactants
Authors: González María del Pilar , Rivera-Rangel Rubén Darío , Herrasti Pilar , Avila-Rodriguez Mario
Published: June 2014

This paper shows the results obtained from the synthesis of silver particles (nanoparticles and submicroparticles) on microfiltration membranes, evaluating the influence of surfactants impregnated in the membranes. Sub-micro particles and nanoparticles were obtained by the use of ascorbic acid as a reductant in a microfiltration system. Different shapes and sizes of the deposited silver particles on the membrane were obtained depending on the nature and concentration of the surfactant. The particles deposited over the membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy- dispersive X-ray analysis.
Obtaining Al2O3/Ti/TiO2-Functional Graded Material through Air Oxidation of Al2O3/Ti Composite
Authors: Rocha-Rangel Enrique , Rodriguez-Garcia Jose , Esparza-Vazquez Sergio J. , Hernández José Guadalupe Miranda , Refugio-García Elizabeth
Published: June 2014

Al2O3/Ti/TiO2-functional materials with compositional gradient were fabricated through air oxidation of Al2O3/Ti ceramics. To obtain the desired functional material, the Al2O3/Ti ceramic was subjected to a heat treatment for 24 hours at temperatures of 500°C, using an electric furnace with air atmosphere. After ceramic oxidation, observations in the transversal area of the microstructure of the new material obtained show a thin film of about 50 microns thick of a combination of constituents that with the aid of EDS analysis were identified as Al2O3/TiO2. In addition to these observations, microhardness measurements performed on the transversal area of the sample by its surface and towards to the center of this, indicate a surface hardness higher than in the center of the sample, where it was identified by EDS an Al2O3/Ti compound. This led to conclude that it was obtained at the end of processing an Al2O3/Ti/TiO2-functional material with compositional gradient.
Structural and Textural Study of Highly Porous Carbon Nanospheres
Authors: González García Pedro , Urones-Garrote Esteban , Ávila-Brande David , García-González Leandro , Otero-Díaz L. Carlos
Published: June 2014

Highly porous carbon nanospheres, external diameter ranging from 40 to 240 nm, have been produced from the chlorination reaction of metallocenes and derivatives at 900 °C. Their nanostructure, studied by Raman spectroscopy, consists of highly disordered graphene-like layers with size below to 6 nm. Their textural parameters showed surface area as high as 1320 m2/g and average pore width of 1.1 nm.
Study of the Effect of Synthesis Method on Obtaining Ca0.3La0.7MnO3
Authors: Hernández Leticia E. C. , Montiel Ma. Herlinda S. , Alvarez Guillermo  L. , Legorreta Felipe G. , Bolarín Ana María M. , Sánchez de Jesús Félix
Published: June 2014

It is known that magnetic, electric and optical properties of materials from mixed oxides mainly depend on the synthesis method used, therefore it is important to perform studies about the use of several synthesis routes with the purpose to understand and control the obtention of any given phase. In many of these routes it is required to control parameters such as temperature, pH, the variation of dopant concentration, etc. By this reason, in this work the effect of the method for three different synthesis routes (chemical coprecipitation, mechanosynthesis and combustion) was studied. These methods were used in the obtention of calcium manganite doped with lanthanum of theoretical stoichiometric Ca0.3La0.7MnO3, using metallic minerals like precursors. The obtained powders were analyzed and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis (PSA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The crystallographic study (XRD) showed the obtention of calcium manganite doped with lanthanum with orthorrombic type structure, observed by SEM, agglomerates formed by particles with sizes smaller to one micrometer. By EPR it was found that powders obtained by chemical coprecipitation method showed magnetic behavior, in contrast with the behavior obtained by other two methods used, finding also powders with greater purity and in shorter synthesis time with regards to the ones obtained by mechanosynthesis and combustion.
The Study of the Constant Force Polishing by the Multi-Robot
Authors: Yu Miao , An Xin
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the study of the dynamics for the constant force polishing robot system is aimed, through the establishment of the dynamics equations for the end of the robot polishing. By comparing the before and the after installation of terminal buffer actuator force was verified by the experiment, the feasibility and stability constant of the system for the constant force polishing on the multi-robot are obtained.
Integrated Evaluation of Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Shen Hong Lian
Published: June 2014

In our country, coal combustion power generation is the primary method for generating electricity, and the energy-saving and emission reduction has become an urgent task. AHP is a method of combination of qualitative and quantitative. Considering seven indexes of coal consumption, emissions, water consumption and electric, this paper firstly constructed a three layer hierarchical structure model, secondly obtained judgment matrices of every layers, verified the consistency of the judgment matrix with MATLAB algorithm and calculated the weight vector, finally obtained weights of the five power plants by integrated evaluation. The results show that, using the analytic hierarchy process can fairly and objectively evaluate the effect of energy-saving and emissions reduction, which can as a reference.
Study of Material Properties for Microwave Assisted Digestion of Fallopia Multiflora for Multielement Analysis by ICP-AES
Authors: Han Hong Bo , Zhong Yi , Diao Yi , Deng Jian Mei , Li Min Jie
Published: June 2014

In this work, the contents of all elements including Cu, Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, Cd, Pb, Ti and As were tested by ICP-AES technique, which elements root in Fallopia multiflora from different place such as Renhe county, Miyi county, Qianjiang county and so on. Detection limits ranged 0.0021ug/ml-1 and 0.076ug/ml-1, the relative standard deviations for all these elements were lower than 2%, and recovery rates ranged 95.52% and 107.2%. The consequence showed that there were many metallic elements in Fallopia multiflora from different places; contents of Fe and Al were highest in Renhe county’s sample specially; contents of Mn, Cu, Zn and Ti were moderately high in Yanbian county specially; and contents of As, Cd and Pb were lowest in Qianjiang county. concentrations of elements within Fallopia multiflorafrom different places were different, which may have some relations with the environment where Fallopia multiflora grew. So ,its necessary to monitor the environment condition of plant surronding.
Application of Ambient-Temperature Argon Plasma Modified PET Fibers with Surface Grafting for Heavy Metal Removal
Authors: Chang Juu En , Chang Yi Kuo , Leu Min Her , Chen Ying Liang , Huang Jing Hong
Published: June 2014

The present study utilized the capability of ambient-temperature plasma in modifying the surface properties of materials to activate the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber surfaces. The effects of different plasma treatment parameters (such as plasma power, treatment time) and grafting parameters (such as grafting temperature, acrylic acid monomer concentration, grafting time) on the activation and grafting of the PET fibers were studied. The feasibility of applying ambient-temperature plasma combined with grafting technology for the preparation of ion exchangers in the heavy metal containing wastewater treatment was evaluated.
Research on Microgrid Information Engineering with Probabilistic Optimal Capacity of Energy Storage in Microgrid
Authors: Ma Xiao Bo
Published: June 2014

Renewable energy power generation represented by wind power and photovoltaic power is intractable,which brings great challenge to safe operation of micro-grid. Designing energy storage system is an effective solution. This paper mainly researches how to obtain the energy storage capacity when the micro-grid is in island state, and put forward a method for determining the optimal storage capacity with probabilistic method based on statistics. According to the probability density function curve both the maximum charging and discharging power and the optimal capacity of energy storage system are calculated which can improve the economic benefit and renewable energy utilization.
Applied-Information Technology and Mathematical Modeling in Arrangement
Authors: Lv Si Qi
Published: June 2014

In our paper, we use applied-information technology and mathematical modeling in arrangement. We take advantage of relevant data of the elements, and then establish an effective model for arrangement. First we collect the data of elements. Based on the two characteristic indexes of elements, we discuss the characteristic indexes of elements and set up Self-evaluation DEA model built on the hierarchy structure of the evaluation indexes and incompleteness of weight set. Finally, we compare our results with the real arrangement, and our results prove well. Furthermore, we extend our model to other possible arrangements.
Data Processing and Information Technology with an Iterative Correction Evaluation Model
Authors: Gu Wei
Published: June 2014

In our paper, we used data processing and information technology to build an iterative correction evaluation model.First,we collect the data of college coaches of football, basketball and hockey. Based on the two characteristic indexes of college coaches, such as the basic quality and the competition results, we discuss the characteristic indexes of excellent college coaches and set up two basic models: the one is fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model established by simplified DHFG algorithm and the other is Self-evaluation DEA model built on the hierarchy structure of the evaluation indexes and incompleteness of weight set. Then, the ranking lists can be obtained respectively. After that, we use four combined evaluation methods, such as average value method, Boarda method, Compeland method and fuzzy Boarda method, to combine the results of two basic models above. We establish the iterative correction model and Spearman test is applied until the results satisfy the homogeneity test. Thus, the more accuracy results are gained and the top 5 coaches are picked out more correctly.
Applied-Information Technology in Tourism Management System Research and Design Based on J2EE
Authors: Na Ming Yang
Published: June 2014

After entering the 21st century, with tourism booming in China, tourism management issues also emerged, especially in the Information technology, the study of tourism management systems is increasing in recent years. This paper designed applied-information technology in travel management system based on J2EE, tourism management business processes, and functional requirements in-depth study. Ultimately, the overall architecture and detailed structure of a complete branch of tourism management systems are designed and detailed study of the functions of its various modules.
Study on the Application of Real Options in Coal Resources Investment
Authors: Da Wu , Xing Wan Li
Published: June 2014

This paper uses the real options approach to conduct research on the coal resources development investment decision by literature studies, the combination of theoretical research and practical research. It has carried on the systematic overall retrospect to the domestic and international research results about real option. It introduces and analyzes the real option theory on the basis of analyzing and appraising to the traditional investment methods systematically in detail. This paper has studied the value of the investment project again with the real option theory. It sums up the application area, step and analyzing frame of real option theory, and analyzes the insufficiency of the traditional investment decision on the basis of comparing with traditional coal resource investment decision, and proposes some improvement suggestions.
The Application of Predicate/Transition Petri Net in Equipment Information Collect and Manage System
Authors: Peng Cheng , Wang Pan Qing , Xie Zheng
Published: June 2014

The formal method becomes the important method of software specification elucidation gradually and explain to have integrity, consistency and have no two through a born specification of form method the characteristics of precision, the Petri net is a kind of the sketch turns of formal method, call a predicate/transition petri net is a kind of deluxe Petri net, the structure of the deluxe Petri net and traditional Petri net homology, but the position in the deluxe Petri net, move and Hu power heavy had an abundant content, finally use to call a predicate/transition petri net to material the information collect the formal description of managing the system.1 preface
Thermal Barrier Effects Comparison of Plasma-Sprayed and Laser-Remelted Al2O3-13 % TiO2 Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Wang Dong Sheng , Qu Guang , Su Jin Lan
Published: June 2014

Conventional and nanosturctured Al2O3–13 wt% TiO2ceramic coatings were deposited by plasma spraying on TiAl alloy surface. Laser remelting experiment on as-sprayed coatings was carried out and the influences of laser remelting on microstructure and thermal barrier effect of the coating were researched. The results show that the as-sprayed conventional coating has a typical plasma-sprayed lamellar-like structure, while the nanostructured coating consisted of both fully melted regions and partially melted regions. The laser-remelted conventional coating exhibits column-like crystals which grew along the direction of the heat current, while the nanostructured coating composed of fine equiaxed grains with some remained nanoparticles. The nanostructured ceramic coating has higher thermal barrier effect than the conventional ceramic coating does. The thermal barrier effect of the as-sprayed coatings decreases after laser remelting.
Beneficiation of Iron with Magnetic Separators
Authors: Hou Kai , Tong Xiong , Xie Xian , Yang Bo
Published: June 2014

Research on beneficiation of iron from iron-polymetallic was conducted according to the properties of the ore. The separation results show that magnetic separation is the best way to concentrate the iron mineral. The results show that iron concentrate assaying 60.15% Fe can be obtained with the recovery of 76.48%.
The Effect of Morphing Force on Aerodynamic Performances of TM Wing
Authors: Ismail N.I. , Zulkifli A.H. , Abdullah Mohd Zulkifly , Basri M. Hisyam , Mahadzir M.M.
Published: June 2014

Twist Morphing (TM) wing is one of biomimetic MAV design that highly depends on morphing force actuation. Despite of vital morphing force influenced, the effect of morphing force variation on the aerodynamic performances of TM wing was not fully comprehended due to high complexity of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) behaviour. To elucidate the effect of morphing force influence, a series of TM wing with different morphing force intensity was used here to elucidate the effect of morphing force on CL,CD, and CMdistribution. Fully coupled Ansys-FSI method was employed in this study. CLand CMresults showed that TM wing with higher morphing force configuration had induced better static stability and higher CLdistribution. However, TM wing also promoted earlier AOAstallincidence and higher CDpenalty than the baseline wings. These situations turn out to be greater in the TM wing cases with higher morphing force configurations.
Analysis of Concurrent Brake Application for Underbone Motorcycle
Authors: Basri M. Hisyam , Zulkifli A.H. , Ismail N.I. , Che Mat Sharzali , Mahadzir M.M.
Published: June 2014

The application of single front wheel brake can yield large deceleration on underbone motorcycle. However, the motorcycle motion potentially exposed to the nosedive effect during this application. Therefore, in order to avoid this issue, the application of concurrent brake are required. Hence, this research was carried out to understand the basic braking performance for underbone motorcycle and elucidate the influenced of concurrent braking application involving the front and rear brake component. A theoritical study was carried out in this work through the derivation of motion equation for underbone motorcycle. The preliminary results showed that the total brake force and the brake force component acting on the front wheel had increased linearly with its deceleration intensity. Further study showed that in order to achieve higher safety range, the brake force applied on the front wheel should be at least 70% higher than the rear brake force intensity. This is probably due to the weight transferred condition during the underbone motorcycle braking.
Determination of Nozzle Angle for Flow Performance in Supersonic Subsea Compact Wet Gas Separator
Authors: Mohd Hashim F.M. , Ahmad M.F.A
Published: June 2014

Flow assurances in deep water pipeline have received greater attention in oil and gas industry in order to meet the optimum production of hydrocarbons. However, existence of free water in the gas pipeline decreases production output and increases operational cost and time. Alternatively, anew supersonic subsea compact wet gas separator is design to remove free water from gas transmission pipeline. The key parts of the new design separators is the nozzle.The performanceof supersonic flow is highly related on the design of the nozzle. Therefore, the objective of this paper isto find correlation between the angle of the nozzle against separator flow performance, namely velocity. From the analysis done, it can be concluded thatat nozzle angle of 15°, maximum velocity is achievedthus producing supersonic flow.
Identification of the Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steel Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Štamborská Michaela , Kvíčala Miroslav , Losertová Monika
Published: June 2014

Identification of the mechanical properties of high-strength steel using digital image correlation. In this paper an experimental procedure to identify the plastic behaviour of sheet metals up to large strains using full field measurement is presented. The tests were conducted on notched specimens. This geometry generates a heterogeneous strain field which was measured during the test using a digital image correlation system. The advantage of using a heterogeneous strain field in the identification procedure is that a complex state of stress-strain can be analyzed at the same time and much more information can be obtained in a single test. On the other hand, the stress field cannot be directly computed from the test and a suitable identification procedure must be developed. Here, the virtual fields method (VFM) adapted for large strains and plasticity was used to identify the hardening behaviour and the anisotropy of the material. The values obtained with the VFM were compared with the results from a standard identification made using uniaxial tensile tests.
Development of Splice Connections for Precast Concrete Structures
Authors: Rahman Ahmad Baharuddin Abd , Ling Jen Hua , Hamid Zuhairi Abd , Osman Mohd Hanim , Mohammad Shahrin , Saim A. Aziz
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the test results of proposed grouted sleeve connections under increasing tensile load. The objective of this research was to investigate splice connections that could provide tensile strength similar to the full tensile strength of the connected rebars. The parameters varied were splice types, splice length and rebar embedment length. The performance of the splice connection was evaluated based on the load-displacement, ultimate load, displacements and failure modes. The results show that the strength of splice connection depends on the bond strength between sleeve-to-grout and grout-to-rebar; the tensile strength of spliced steel bars and also the tensile strength of sleeve. It is observed that when the grout compressive strength is more than 60N/mm2and bar embedded length is at least 10 bar diameter, the splice connection in BS series is able to provide full tensile strength of the connected rebars.
Micromechanical Model Prediction Overall Young Modulus Nanocomposites Polymer-Clay-Silica by Self Consistent Approach
Authors: Mesbah Amar , Azouaoui Krimo , Kaoua Sid Ali , Boutaleb Salah
Published: June 2014

In order to address the problem of stiffness and mechanical properties, a micromechanical approach for the prediction of the overall modulus of nanocomposites (Nylon-6/nanoclay/silica) using a self-consistent scheme based on the double-inclusion model and taking into account the different morphologies exfoliated or intercalated of the nanoparticles. Self-consistent approach that is used in our calculations was explained after reviewing the inclusion of Eshelby, in particular the double inclusion and while considering also the effect of constrained region, modeled as an interphase around reinforcements. Namely, polyamide 6 reinforced with clay platelets and silica particles. Several parameters on the Young's modulus of the composite were studied to see the effect of having mixed two or three reinforcements in polymer matrix. Finally, we demonstrated the process undertaken for the calculation of elastic constants of the material studied.
Non-Zero Multi-Valued Decision Diagram (NZMDD) Based Synthesis of Multi-Valued Logic (MVL) Functions
Authors: Chowdhury Adib Kabir , Raj Nikhil , Singh Ashutosh Kumar
Published: June 2014

In this paper a method for synthesizing Reduced Multi-Valued Logic Networks (RMVLNs) using NZMDD is presented. MVL functions represented as large MVLNs are reduced by RMVLN. The detailed working of NZMDD method is presented elaborately in this paper. It is observed that reduced average Product Term (PT) is achieved in MVL synthesis using NZMDD. Experimental analysis is carried out by examining randomly generated 49998 non-sequential benchmark circuits. An improvement average PT reduction of 12.486% is noted in comparison to evolutionary ACO-MVL algorithm.
Water Absorbency Properties of OPEFB Filled Hydrogels Composites
Authors: Rabat Nurul Ekmi , Hashim Shahrir , Majid Rohah A.
Published: June 2014

For slow release fertilizer application, oil palm empty fruit bunch-grafted-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) [OPEFB-g-P(AA-co-AAm)] hydrogel composites were synthesized via two techniques; Two Steps (T1) and in-situ (T2). Scanning electron microscopy of hydrogel composite T1 has higher surface area and holes while hydrogel T2 displays smoother and tighter surface. Water absorbency capacity of hydrogel T1 is 42.90 gram/gram (g/g) and hydrogel T2 is 39.96 g/g. WAC of hydrogel T2 has much better re-swelling ability compared to T1 after it went through five cycles of drying-swelling-drying process. Hence, T2 has produced a hydrogel composite that is reusable with great morphology properties.
RFID Secure Protocol Based on Time-Based Hash Chain
Authors: Lin Chen , Zhao Shu Feng , Chen Shi Ping
Published: June 2014

This paper describes several typical RFID privacy protection protocol security methods. To improve the security of RFID protocols, which proposed in the literature and some deficiencies, propose a new time-based hash chain function. The program can be effective against security issues, such as unauthorized reading, location tracking, eavesdropping, spoofing, replay and etc. The program applies to a higher number of tags and readers, with better security and efficiency.
Oil Palm Fibre and Nano-Silica Reinforced Epoxy Composite Material
Authors: Samuel Ng , Sujan D. , Rahman M.E. , Nabinejad O. , Reddy M. Mohan
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a study on tensile properties of Nano Silicon Carbide (n-SiC) and oil palm fibre (OPF) reinforced epoxy composites. The dosage of n-SiC and OPF are limited to 0%, 1%, 3% & 5% by mass of the total epoxy material. As a part of the research, experimental study is carried out on n-SiC and OPF based epoxy composites to investigate the tensile strength of the composite material. The utilization of 1% n-SiC& 1% treated OPF shows an improvement in tensile strength compared to the pure epoxy. The experimental results are also compared with 3-D finite element analysis results and a good agreement is observed between the experimental and the finite element results.
A Novel Manufacturing Chain for Low Cost 3D Textile Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Almansa Ana , Fazeli Monireh , Laurent Benoit , Padros Pere , Hörlesberger Marianne
Published: June 2014

The project 3D-LightTrans aims to create a highly flexible manufacturing chain for the low cost production of integral large scale 3D textile reinforced polymer composite parts. In a novel approach, multi-material semi-finished fabrics made of hybrid yarn are formed to deep draped pre-fixed multi-layered and multifunctional 3D-textile pre-forms. These are then efficiently processed into the final composite part by thermoforming. This paper presents the results achieved by the project consortium during the last three years, including the development and optimization of the individual processes for prototype production, with a focus on two selected automotive end products, and the adaption of equipment for industrial scale manufacturing.
Multi-Echelon Production System Planning: Case Study at a Steel Company in Indonesia
Authors: Govindaraju Rajesri , Hariadi Rizka Aisha Rahmi
Published: June 2014

This paper discusses mathematical modeling process of “make or buy” decision based on a real case in a steel company in Indonesia. The company has a multi-echelon production system that consists of many plants. The plants are connected by a given predecessor-successor relation [4,8]. Each plant needs materials that can be obtained through two alternatives, namely produced internally or imported from supplier [6,10]. The objective of the model discussed in this paper is to determine optimum number of produced material and imported material that can maximize profit gained by the company. To validate the developed model, real data is collected and the model is run using Lingo software.
Preparation and Dimensional Stability of Organo-Montmorillonite (O-MMT) Treated Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid Composites Filled with Keratin Fiber
Authors: Siong Kiew Kwong , Heng Soon Kok , Hamdan Sinin , Mohsin Moaz , Kakar Akshay , Hameed Maaz
Published: June 2014

O-MMT treated unsaturated polyester based hybrid composites were prepared using keratin fiber obtained from chicken feathers. Fibers of similar dimension were selected to fabricate composites through hand lay-up method. The preparation and dimensional stability properties of keratin fiber as reinforcements in composites is outlined in this paper. Varying O-MMT contents in nancomposites is performed to investigate the effects on the dimensional stability (water absorption and thickness swelling) of the composites. Results indicated that increasing fiber content deteriorates dimensional stability of the composites and composites. However, improvements in dimensional stability of the keratin fibercomposites were observed with O-MMT. O-MMT treatment reduces the water absorption and thickness swelling, especially at 5wt% of O-MMT concentrationat all range of fiber content. At 5wt% concentration of O-MMt, 10wt% keratin fiber content marks the lowest water absorption and thickness swelling with rate of 0.65% and 1.93%, respectively. Adopting 10wt% of keratin fiber at 5wt% of O-MMT can be utilized for application requiring high dimensional stability.
Properties and Growth Rate of Intermetallic Al-Fe through Hot Dipped Aluminizing
Authors: Samsu Zaifol , Othman Norinsan Kamil , Daud Abd Razak , Daud Muhammad
Published: June 2014

Hot dipped aluminizing is the one of the most famous and effective method of the surface protection. The growth behavior in the intermetallic layer by introducing a different dipping time and various of molten aluminium temperature had been detail investigated. The result showed that the top portion of the coated steel substrate is compose of a thin layer of α-Al2O3, followed by thicker Aluminium pure layer, thinner layer of FeAl3 , and then a much thicker of Fe2Al5. The inter-metallic layer is ‘thick’ and exhibits a finger-like growth into the steel. The thickness of Al-Fe intermetallic layer on the steel base is increased with the increasing of hot dipping temperature and time. The micro hardness testing result shown that increasing of the aluminizing temperature was increased the hardness of the intermetallic layer.
Potential of Clay Deposits in Kelantan for Ceramic Production: A Literature Analysis
Authors: Enoch Olalere Folasayo , Shuaib Ab. Aziz , bin Mat Daud Khairul Azhar
Published: June 2014

Kelantan state, regarded as the cradle of Malay culture is not only known for her unique cultural heritage, but also a land blessed with both metallic and non-metallic minerals. These include enormous clay deposits discovered in six (6) districts with estimated total reserve of 29.4 million tonnes of ball clay and 51.5 million tonnes of mottled clay. Hence, this paper investigates the physiochemical and mineralogical properties of the clay deposits. This was achieved by reviewing existing literatures and reports at the Mineral and Geoscience Department, Malaysia. The properties investigated were green and fired clay colour, plasticity, green strength, dry and fired shrinkage, porosity, chemical and mineral composition. The properties of the clay revealed that they have geographical IP potential; particularly, the predominantly off-white fired colour of the ball clay at temperature range of 900-11000C can secure an identity for Kelantan ceramics in the local, national or international market. Based on these properties, the ball clay is applicable for table ware, earthenware and local tile production while the mottled clay has a potential use for vitrified clay pipe, local tile and brick production.
Influence of Casting Method and Heat Treatment for Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D
Authors: Dobkowska Anna , Adamczyk-Cieślak Bogusława , Zdunek Joanna , Mizera Jaroslaw , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan
Published: June 2014

In this paper the effect of production method and heat treatment of magnesium alloys to their corrosion resistance is presented. The study was carried out on the AZ91D alloy obtained by permanent mould casting, pressure die casting and pressure die casting with the subsequent heat treatment. Studies of the microstructure were carried out using a light microscope. The corrosion resistance was examined using the Potentiodynamic Test. The surface observations after corrosion tests were carried out using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was stated that the best corrosion resistance is typical for AZ91D alloy produced by pressure die casting method with heat treatment. The alloy after permanent mould casting has got the worst corrosive properties.
Microsegregation Behavior of Single Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Yu Zhu Huan , Qiang Jun Feng
Published: June 2014

The major advancements in some mechanical properties of single crystal superalloys can be attributed to the carbon addition. The present study investigated the effect of carbon addition levels on the microsegregation behavior of single crystal superalloys. Quantitatative partitioning results indicated that typical single crystal superalloy segregation behavior for some elements such as W, Ni, Co, are all towards the dendrite core regions, while for elements of Al, Mo, Ta, Ti, Cr, partition towards the interdendrite regions. For all the alloys studied, the baseline alloy showed the most severe segregation degree, while the no carbon alloy the slightest. Furthermore, the segregation behavior of Ti and Ta were affected by the carbon additions, and that of W was greatly affected by the carbon levels.
Modeling the Correlation between Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Ti-17 Alloy Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Jia Zhi Qiang , Zeng Wei Dong
Published: June 2014

In this work, a relational model was established correlating microstructure and tensile properties for the Ti-17 alloy using a back-propagation (BP) neural network technique. In the proposed model, the input data consisted of quantitative microstructural feature parameters, including the volume fraction, thickness and Ferret ratio of α phase. Meanwhile, the tensile properties are the outputs of the model, such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction in area. The coefficient of determination is more than 0.900, which indicates that the developed model possesses the excellent ability to predict the internal relationship of the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-17 alloy.