bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regiões culturais: a construção de identidades culturais no Rio Grande do Sul e sua manifestação na paisagem gaúcha
Authors: Brum Neto Helena , Bezzi Meri Lourdes
Published: December 2022

A organização do espaço analisada pelo viés cultural permite visualizar uma gama de aspectos materiais e imateriais que perpassam o tempo e se materializam no espaço, como um legado cultural, que se manifesta através da descendência. Nessa perspectiva, essa pesquisa centra-se na análise da construção de identidades culturais no Rio Grande do Sul e sua manifestação na paisagem gaúcha, salientando as principais regiões culturais existentes no Estado atualmente. Teve-se como meta regionalizar o Estado mediante critérios culturais, ou seja, estabelecer recortes espaciais de acordo com a etnia predominante, tendo como base os limites municipais. Delineados os recortes regionais, fez-se a análise das regiões culturais, de acordo com a expressividade e a manifestação do sistema simbólico que acompanha cada sociedade em sua relação com o espaço e com os seus semelhantes. Salienta-se que, a identificação dos principais códigos culturais que emanam de cada grupo social, subsidiou a análise da contribuição de cada etnia para a construção da cultura gaúcha. Nesse contexto, pode-se considerar a complexidade da composição étno-cultural do território gaúcho, oriunda de fluxos populacionais, que se inseriram mediante processos controlados por políticas específicas de incentivo ao povoamento e a colonização. Tal situação originou porções do espaço dotadas de significados que, por sua vez formam uma pluralidade cultural, ou seja, atualmente, o Estado constitui-se em um mosaico étno-cultural, composto por etnias diversificadas, ao mesmo tempo em que se reconhecem como essencialmente gaúchas.
Reorganização socioeconômica no extremo sul da Bahia decorrente da introdução da cultura do eucalipto
Authors: Almeida Thiara Messias de , Moreau Ana Maria Souza dos Santos , Moreau Maurício Santana
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a reorganização socioeconômica decorrente da inserção do

eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis) no Extremo Sul da Bahia. Para realização dessa análise fez-se um

diagnóstico das principais transformações sociais e econômicas decorrentes da implantação do eucalipto

na região, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e de dados socioeconômicos do IBGE, SEI e Atlas

de Desenvolvimento Humano do PNUD. Pode-se constatar que a inserção do eucalipto na região

provocou grande crescimento da participação da Bahia no total das exportações do país, dinamizando a economia do estado, em especial, a do Extremo Sul, o que pode ser percebido pela elevação do PIB

estadual e dos municípios produtores de eucalipto. Quanto à paisagem rural percebe-se uma importante

mudança relativa Ã  redução do número de atividades agrícolas e concentração da terra, definindo

uma reorganização da estrutura fundiária local. Sob esse novo cenário agrícola observa-se, também,

redução no número de empregos gerados no campo, e na participação da agricultura familiar, resultando

no aumento da população urbana.
Geoprocessamento na análise morfoestrutural da região entre Marília e Presidente Prudente (SP)
Authors: Sallun Alethéa Ernandes Martins , Suguio Kenitiro
Published: December 2022

Foram utilizadas técnicas de geoprocessamento para caracterização morfoestrutural da região entre Marília e Presidente Prudente (SP) para compreender melhor a distribuição e ocorrência de depósitos quaternários, através de produtos de sensoriamento remoto e geração de cartas temáticas utilizando Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A partir dos dados morfométricos obtidos foram compartimentadas regiões com predomínio de processos de morfogênese e pedogênese, com depósitos coluviais bem desenvolvidos. As feições geomorfológicas apresentam correlação com as unidades litológicas, estruturas tectônicas e presença de coberturas coluviais. A espessura de depósitos coluviais controla mudanças de permeabilidade e porosidade, refletindo também na erosão diferencial na região.
Redes, sistemas de transporte e as novas dinâmicas do território no período atual: notas sobre o caso brasileiro
Authors: Pereira Mirlei F. V.
Published: December 2022

A revolução dos sistemas técnicos e a sua função transformadora do espaço no período atual podem ser plenamente caracterizadas pela presença de diferentes tipos de redes geográficas que dinamizam os sistemas produtivos e redefinem em escala global o uso do território, conferindo novas possibilidades aos fluxos materiais (objetos, mercadorias, pessoas) e imateriais (dados, informação, comunicação) ainda que isto ocorra de forma bastante diferenciada nos lugares. Como os diferentes tipos de redes e de sistemas de transporte não ocorrem de forma homogênea no território e não atendem aos interesses de todos os agentes, as funções de articulação das ações e de otimização do trabalho desempenhadas pelas redes geográficas tornam-se restritas e limitadas, sobretudo para aqueles lugares e ações que aparecem como sendo residuais (sem importância) aos interesses do sistema político-econômico hegemônico. O texto enfatiza justamente este caráter de dualidade das redes (integração/fragmentação), considerações que são feitas a partir da natureza atual dos sistemas de transportes. As lógicas corporativas de instalação e uso das redes no sistema de transporte brasileiro exemplificam este problema e aparecem como ponto de partida para repensarmos novas estratégias políticas para o uso das redes e para a organização do território.
Modelos de distribuição de espécies disponíveis na Web para reutilização em experimentos de biodiversidade: Estudo de caso com a espécie Euterpe edulis
Authors: Fook Karla Donato , Amaral Silvana , Monteiro Antônio Miguel Vireira , Câmara Gilberto , Ximenes Arimatéa de Carvalho , Arasato Luciana Satiko
Published: December 2022

A conservação da biodiversidade é uma das questões mais urgentes e importantes da atualidade. Pesquisadores da biodiversidade usam modelos de distribuição de espécies para fazer inferências sobre ocorrência e localização de espécies. Estes modelos são fundamentais para a preservação da fauna e flora mundiais, bem como nos processos de tomada de decisão durante o planejamento e desenvolvimento urbano e regional. Ferramentas para modelagem de distribuição de espécies usam grandes conjuntos de dados de biodiversidade que estão globalmente distribuídos, podendo estar em diferentes plataformas computacionais, o que dificulta seu acesso e manipulação. A comunidade científica precisa de infra-estruturas onde pesquisadores de biodiversidade possam colaborar e dividir conhecimento. Neste contexto apresentamos um ambiente computacional que suporta a colaboração em uma rede de modelagem de distribuição de espécies na Web. Este ambiente baseia-se em um catálogo de experimentos de modelagem e em um conjunto de serviços web geoespaciais, o Web Biodiversity Collaborative Modelling Services - WBCMS.
Conceitos, percepções e estratégias para conservação de uma Estação Ecológica da Caatinga nordestina por populações do seu entorno
Authors: Silva Thaise Sousa da , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde , Freire Eliza Maria Xavier
Published: December 2022

A situação do planeta envolve discussões sobre perdas da biodiversidade. Países como o Brasil, um dos maiores em biodiversidade, não poderia escapar à essas discussões. Um de seus Biomas, e provavelmente o mais ameaçado é a Caatinga. Uma das ações que visa a proteção de áreas naturais e da biodiversidade é a manutenção de Unidades de Conservação (UC's). Uma dessas UC's da Caatinga é a Estação Ecológica do Seridó (ESEC Seridó) que, apesar de ter em seu entorno várias comunidades que interagem com ela, não inclui a percepção dessas populações em sua forma de gestão. Neste sentido, o objetivo do artigo é identificar as percepções e conceitos dessas comunidades sobre a ESEC Seridó, assim como, as estratégias devem ser adotadas para sua melhor forma de atuação. Para alcançar esses objetivos dessa pesquisa realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, elaboração de um instrumento baseado nas práticas da Percepção Ambiental, na forma de entrevista estruturada aplicada à população do entorno dessa ESEC, e os dados tratados através da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram de forma clara nos discursos da população, seus conceitos e percepções, os principais problemas enfrentados pela ESEC Seridó, bem como estratégias para a resolução dos mesmos, sendo observado no conhecimento das pessoas a realidade enfrentada pela ESEC e sua possível melhoria como área de proteção da natureza.
Ocorrências de focos de calor no Estado de Rondônia em 2007
Authors: Silva Filho Ernesto , Teles Luciana Sá , Santos Luiz Alves
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo apresenta o levantamento dos focos de calor ocorridos no estado do Rondônia em 2007. Este trabalho foi realizado como parte integrante do monitoramento de focos de calor na área de abrangência do Centro Regional de Porto Velho (CR-PV) do Sistema de Proteção da Amazônia (SIPAM). Realizaram-se cruzamentos temáticos que permitem a análise das queimadas, sob aspectos importantes para a compreensão da dinâmica do seu uso como ferramenta para limpeza de pasto e abertura de novas áreas, entre outros fins, no estado de Rondônia. Assim, se disponibiliza este material de apoio à  reavaliação das ações realizadas durante o ano pelos órgãos responsáveis, bem como se pretende servir à  reorganização das estratégias de prevenção para o ano presente (2008), considerando para tanto, os indicativos das áreas criticas que necessitam de maior intervenção.
Geodiversidade, Geoconservação e Geoturismo - trinômio importante para a proteção do patrimônio geológico
Authors: Moreira Bento Lilian Carla
Published: December 2022

LEITE DO NASCIMENTO, M. A. L. do; RUCHKYS, U. A.; MANTESSO-NETO, V. Geodiversidade, Geoconservação e

Geoturismo - trinômio importante para a proteção do patrimônio geológico. São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia,

2008. 82 p.
Outcomes of Surgical Management for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants in Nigeria
Authors: Ezemba Ndubueze , Chinawa Josephat M. , Adiele Daberechi K. , Arodiwe Ijeoma O. , Ujunwa Fortune A. , Okorie Chukwuemeka O.
Published: December 2022

Background

Patent ductus arteriosus is a common cardiac anomaly in infants that, if untreated, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In lower-middle-income countries, such as Nigeria, obtaining cardiovascular surgical care for infants remains difficult. In recent years, especially with the assistance of international voluntary cardiac organizations, efforts have increased to provide cardiac surgical services to this underserved population.

Methods

In this case series, the authors describe outcomes in 30 infants surgically treated for patent ductus arteriosus between 2013 and 2019 at an emerging cardiac center in Nigeria (9 male [30%] and 21 female [70%]; mean [SD] age, 8.2 [3.01] months; mean [SD] weight, 5.3 [1.52] kg; mean [range] weight deficit, 34.5% [15%–60%]).

Results

All the infants presented with patent ductus arteriosus as the main cardiac lesion, and 4 (13%) were syndromic. The mean (SD) patent ductus arteriosus diameter was 4.73 (1.46) mm. Surgical closure was completed in 29 infants; 1 died before surgery. No procedure-related deaths occurred, but 2 cases of trivial residual patent ductus arteriosus were recorded.

Conclusion

Overall, surgical outcomes were excellent, with acceptable mortality rates. Perioperative care will continue to improve as the center is built to a self-sustaining capacity. Findings of this research at this emerging cardiac center in a developing country are a testament to the positive contribution made by international voluntary cardiac missions.
Is Consistency Possible? Course Design and Delivery to Meet Faculty and Student Needs
Authors: McMullan Taralyn , Williams David , Lagos Ortiz Yolany , Lollar Jackie
Published: December 2022

As online learning continues to rise, students find educational value in consistency of instruction and technological support. With the significant increase in faculty designing courses, success lies with faculty education in instructional design. Additionally, students need support to navigate through the LMS and course elements to achieve success and increase their knowledge level. Determining the needs of nursing students and faculty is essential to the process of developing an effective course design for students leading to valuable content delivery and achievement of student outcomes. The purposes of this study were: (1) to measure attitudes toward online course design, (2) to compare online course delivery with instructor involvement, and (3) to determine changes to online courses. A significant finding is consistency within the LMS in course design and increased use of technology in content delivery.
Turistický diskurs prizmatem narativních figur
Authors: Zýková Iva-Hedvika
Published: December 2022

One of the stories through which tourist guides convey recent Czech history to Western tourists is that of Václav Havel. Because the former president is also presented as a symbol of the Velvet Revolution, his story becomes a part of the story of life under communism in former Czechoslovakia. What narrative strategies are used to create Havel’s portrait? What topics are emphasized? What literary figures are used, and to what schemes do they refer? In other words: what type of literary character does Havel represent? To highlight Havel as a type of a literary character, the hagiographic method is used, in which the real text message is revealed through the individual stories of saints. More of the same schemes, hidden in the deeper layer of the narrative, can be found in the story of Václav Havel. The analysis of the often-repeated metaphors of tourist discourse outlines the role of metaphor in the text. Last, but not least, the text reflects the role of symbolic places, especially how their connection to the story of Václav Havel helps emphasize certain motifs and thus influences not only the final form of the portrait of Havel, but also that of the nation.
From Antagonism to Adaptation
Authors: Kalenda František
Published: December 2022

This study examines the complex relationship between the Ultramontane Catholic Church and different forms of modernity in the context of the Brazilian First Republic (1889–1930). While the adjective “modern” turned into a discursive weapon to label and reject all kinds of criticized phenomena in Brazilian society (from “modern” literature, arts, theatre, or dances to “modern” – meaning secular – education), the representatives of the Brazilian Ultramontanism fully embraced scientific arguments and the mantle of progress, even adapting to certain aspects of the ideology of modernity promoted by their liberal competitors.
The Precarious Lives of Homeless Scavengers in Tokyo Before and After the 2008 Crisis
Authors: Wickens Matt
Published: December 2022

Awareness of poverty in Japan significantly increased after the bubble economy ended in 1991. The presence of older men, approaching or past retirement age, living in blue tents and on park benches, was one of the first to challenge the assumption of a classless Japan. One strategy for men experiencing homelessness to alleviate their hardships and survive is to gather and sell aluminium cans. This paper ethnographically explores their precarious work and documents the various patterns of gathering and selling cans, while also looking at the impact of both local and global forces (neoliberalism) on their work. Based on fieldwork that included the economic recession of 2008–2009, I observed six months of the work of the homeless during economic stability and six months during a severe recession. My research shows how homeless men used the work of gathering and selling cans to survive during a stagnant economy and then adapted to a brutal recession, which resulted in much lower income for their labour as the price of aluminium significantly decreased. I argue that their work was affected by the global economy and that collecting cans and earning money helped homeless men survive through the crisis. Finally, I conclude that earn­ing money via selling cans allowed the men to maintain their self-respect and pride, have a sense of purpose, buy daily necessities, and occasionally splurge on entertainment.
Under the Skin
Authors: Svašek Maruška
Published: December 2022

Under the Skin is a play that explores art production in state-socialist Czechoslovakia during the normalization period. It investigates the slippery meaning of the word politics in relation to totalitarianism and performance art, and discusses how internalized taken-for-granted social rules can be made evi­dent through artistic inquiry. The script offers insights into the improvisational nature of fieldwork, and invites producers and consumers of ethnographies to reflect on the ethical and affective dimensions of anthropological labour and knowledge production.
How Space Shapes the Everyday School Experience of Students and Professors at Križanke in Ljubljana
Authors: Babuder Anuša
Published: December 2022

This article centres on place attachment and feelings of belonging of students and professors of the Secondary School for Design and Photography, Ljubljana (SŠOF). The school’s educational practice is split between two locations: Križanke, a medieval complex in the city centre; and Roška, a renovated military barrack on Ljubljana downtown’s periphery, which SŠOF shares with another school. Students and professors in my research described Križanke as a “creative”, “free”, and “democratic” space where they felt like they belong, especially in contrast to the second location. My objective here is to understand how much of a role the actual place has in shaping the relationships between school environments and their users (students, professors). In the article, I present the historical context of Križanke and SŠOF’s current spatial crisis (threats of eviction from Križanke), followed by a “walk through Križanke” to examine students’ sensory perceptions of the building. This text analyses spatial elements like unique classroom set-ups, narrow corridors, and the labyrinthine construction of Križanke. These elements produce more informal and dynamic interactions between students and professors at SŠOF, which consequently enhance the students’ feelings of belonging, acceptance, and creativity. Finally, I conclude by examining how a complex interrelatedness between a sense of place, narration of place, and attachment to place in a school context impact the everyday learning experience at SŠOF and Križanke.
Pandemic Isolation in Belarus through the Perspective of Photographs
Authors: Zhuk Krystsina
Published: December 2022

This photo essay examines the process of isolation during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic based on the quarantine photos of a family from Belarus. It illustrates how the content and form of the collected images visualized the invisible markers of the pandemic and reflected various stages of isolation, transformations of the notion of home, and changes in family dynamics and routines. To collect the photographs, a weeklong remote participatory project was conducted. The findings of this project thus pointed to a direct correlation between photographs and changes in the social world and individuals’ lives brought about by the coronavirus outbreak.
Thyme/garlic essential oils loaded chitosan–alginate nanocomposite: Characterization and antibacterial activities
Authors: Elghobashy Shrifa A. , Abeer Mohammed A. B. , Tayel Ahmed A. , Alshubaily Fawzia A. , Abdella Asmaa
Published: December 2022

For controlling pathogenic bacteria using nanopolymer composites with essential oils, the formulation of chitosan/alginate nanocomposites (CS/ALG NCs) loaded with thyme oil, garlic oil, and thyme/garlic oil was investigated. Oils were encapsulated in CS/ALG NCs through oil-in-water emulsification and ionic gelation. The CS/ALG NCs loaded with oils of garlic, thyme, and garlic–thyme complex had mean diameters of 143.8, 173.9, and 203.4 nm, respectively. They had spherical, smooth surfaces, and zeta potential of +28.4 mV for thyme–garlic-loaded CS/ALG NCs. The bactericidal efficacy of loaded NCs with mixed oils outperformed individual loaded oils and ampicillin, against foodborne pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible (with 28.7 mm inhibition zone and 12.5 µg·mL−1 bactericidal concentration), whereas Escherichia coli was the most resistant (17.5 µg·mL−1 bactericidal concentration). Scanning electron microscopy images of bacteria treated with NCs revealed strong disruptive effects on S. aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila cells; treated cells were totally exploded or lysed within 8 h. These environmentally friendly nanosystems might be a viable alternative to synthetic preservatives and be of interest in terms of health and food safety.
Adolescents with type 1 diabetes vs. hybrid closed loop systems: a case series of patients’ behaviour that challenges the algorithm.
Authors: Zanfardino Angela , Piscopo Alessia , Gizzone Pietro , Vitulano Caterina , Di Gennaro Federica , Buccella Giulia , Fabozzi Irma , Mainolfi Gabriella , Marongiu Mariagrazia Bathilde , Rollato Assunta S. , Testa Veronica , Chianese Antonietta , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Troncone Alda , Iafusco Dario
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Hybrid closed loop systems (HCL) improve the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). T1DM adolescent patients represent a risk category also if they are in an automated insulin infusion delivery therapy.

Case presentation

We describe a series of four cases in which adolescent patients have adopted incorrect behaviours in the managing of HCL systems, challenging the algorithm skills. Two patients performed fabricated sensor calibrations. The other two did not perform pre-prandial insulin boluses correctly. Despite these behaviours, the algorithm corrected the glucose values in three out of four patients. Only in one case, where fabricated calibrations were too frequent, the automatic system failed to restore the glycemic balance.

Conclusions

Fabricated calibrations seem to be more important than uncorrected insulin boluses to challenge the HCL systems.
The crystal structure of tris(carbonyl)-bis(carbonyl)-[μ-propane-1,2- dithiolato]-(benzyldiphenylphosphine)diiron (Fe—Fe), C27H23Fe2O5PS2
Authors: Wu Ming-Gang , Liu Xu-Feng
Published: December 2022

C27H23Fe2O5PS2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3170(5) Å, b = 16.1774(8) Å, c = 15.2170(7) Å, β = 92.933(1)°, V = 2782.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0537, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1636, T = 296(2) K.
Beyond Inca roads: archaeological mobilities from the high Andes to the Pacific in southern Peru
Authors: Beresford-Jones David G. , Mader Christian , Lane Kevin J. , Cadwallader Lauren , Gräfingholt Benedikt , Chauca George , Grant Jennifer , Hölzl Stefan , Coll Luis V.J. , Lang Matthias , Isla Johny , French Charles , Reindel Markus
Published: December 2022

The Andes offers a particularly effective focus for an archaeology of mobility because their extreme topography compresses enormous vertical resource diversity across short horizontal distances. In this article, the authors combine findings from two large-scale archaeological studies of adjacent watersheds—the Nasca-Palpa Project and One River Project—to provide the necessary context in which to explore changing mobilities from the Archaic Period to the Inca Empire, and from the Pacific coast to the high Andes. Analyses of obsidian lithics and stable isotopes in human hair are used to argue that changing patterns of mobility offer a new way of defining the ‘Horizons’ that have long dominated concepts of periodisation here.
Generic Method for the Rapid and Accurate Determination of Acid Number in Lubricants Using FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: van de Voort F. R. , Viset Michael
Published: December 2022

A manual, stoichiometric Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) acid number (AN) method was developed for lubricants that can substitute for ASTM D664, is oil matrix-independent, and does not rely on correlational chemometrics to estimate results. The method parallels titration in principle, using oleic acid as the calibrant and sodium phenolate as the basic reactant and measuring the residual base spectrally. Split-paired sample spectra of reacted and unreacted oil are ratioed against each other to obtain differential absorbance spectra that respond proportionately to total acidity (AN) as well as its carboxylic acid (COOH) content per Beer's law. The method is generic and can be implemented on any FTIR spectrometer equipped with a conventional flow cell or open-architecture sample handling accessory at rates of up to 20 samples/h. Using macros available in two readily available software packages it automates postanalytical spectral data processing, calibrates or predicts AN and COOH content, or both, and differentiates strong from weak acids by difference via the AN and COOH measures. Predictive performance was validated using a high-AN ester-based hydraulic oil and a used biogas engine crankcase mineral oil, each of which was serially diluted with its opposing acid-free counterpart, a mineral- and ester-based oil, respectively. For these dilutions, the AN and COOH predictions were shown to be linearly proportionate, accurate (less than ± 0.10 AN), and reproducible (less than ± 0.05 AN). Quantification was unaffected by the spectral perturbations induced by diluting the validation oils with a spectrally incompatible oil, and quantitative differentiation between strong and weak acids was demonstrated. Aside from being more rapid, accurate, reproducible, and environmentally friendly than titration this FTIR approach provides for a reliable, stoichiometric, and instrument manufacturer-independent means of determining AN, reducing reliance on problematic FTIR/IR PLS-based chemometric methods that are of questionable accuracy.
Improved Phosphate Ester Condition Monitoring Using Membrane Patch Colorimetry
Authors: Hobbs Matthew G. , Dufresne Jr. Peter
Published: December 2022

Electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems are critical steam turbine components that use a series of high-precision servo valves to control steam flow and, ultimately, turbine output. Because of the high temperatures involved, fire-resistant triarylphosphate ester-based lubricants have become the control fluid of choice in EHC systems. Despite their critical nature, many EHC condition monitoring programs fail to detect the fine semisoluble and insoluble contaminants that are responsible for costly valve-related downtime and failures. Although it was originally developed for gas turbine lube oils, the membrane patch colorimetry (MPC) standard test method (ASTM D7843) was recently shown to be suitable for use in phosphate ester applications. The chemically distinct nature of phosphate esters and lube oils, however, requires that certain parameters within the ASTM D7843 method be reevaluated (solvent, patch material, sample preparation, etc.). Chief among these is the test output: MPC ΔE. In lube oils, ΔE highlights the presence of varnish; however, ΔE detects both varnish and thermolysis products in phosphate esters. The latter typically originate from microdieseling events that are more commonplace in EHC applications. The accurate differentiation of these breakdown products is imperative so that phosphate ester users can apply appropriate corrective actions. This requires that MPC a and b measurements be reported in addition to MPC ΔE. The mass of the contaminants isolated on membrane patches has also been shown to provide an effective means of quantifying varnish and other breakdown products present in in-service EHC fluids. By using the information provided by a, b, and patch weight, MPC analysis can be exploited to its full potential, allowing for the identification of application-specific problems such as varnishing and dieseling in addition to quantifying their severity. Once these previously hidden problems have been identified, effective maintenance practices can be developed to ensure steam turbine performance and reliability.
Thermal Stability Studies of Lubricant Additives
Authors: Schomburg K. Cory , Wooton David
Published: December 2022

Performance additives are found in all quality lubricants or the fluid would be sold as a basestock. These additives have many functions, some of which include corrosion protection, antioxidant, antiwear, acid neutralizations, dispersancy, detergency, and antifoam protection. The type of additives formulated in the fluid is a function or appetite of the lubricant's application. Nearly all lubricants are formulated to minimize the bad properties and improve the good properties—thus promoting smooth, reliable operation of the equipment. An important part of that operation is controlling and dissipating heat from the equipment. Temperature is an important, sometimes uncontrolled property of the equipment's operation that can lead to a number of fluid reactions both beneficial and damaging to the lubricant's formulation and the lubrication system. Unfortunately, the thermal stability of many of the lubricant additives being used today is overlooked or not well understood. There are several analytical methods available within the ASTM literature designed to reveal the thermochemical behavior of materials. However, there is little data available using the methods for these additives. Two main thermoanalytical techniques that can be used to investigate the thermal stability of lubricant additives are thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The procedures that describe these property measurements within ASTM are standards such as E1131, E1641, and E2550, which use the TGA technique for assessing the thermal stability and compositional analysis of most any hydrocarbon materials. The DSC standards such as E487, E537, E1858, E2009, and E2046 can be used to study in‐service lubricant lifetimes by evaluating lubricant stability and oxidation properties. In this study, an array of lubricant additives was tested against these ASTM standards to understand the additive's thermal stability and chemical behavior toward extreme temperature excursions. The results of this testing program are reported.
The Use of the Portable Field Falling Needle Viscometer to Determine Engine Oil Contamination by Diesel Fuel under In-Service or Field Conditions
Authors: Park Noh A. , O'Lear Daniel A. , Kim Kay Lee
Published: December 2022

A simple and accurate way of avoiding costly engine damage due to diesel fuel contamination is a necessity for owners and operators of heavy-duty diesel engines or industrial engines, or both. Dynamic viscosity changes are most sensitive to changes in liquid composition. Among other applications, this phenomenon has been used to detect composition changes in anti/deicing fluids for preventing the icing of airplane surfaces in cold or snowy-weather environments, or both. It can also determine the extent of contamination of one liquid by another such as oil contamination by fuel for the diesel engines of heavy equipment or industrial engines. Although increased engine protection and extended lifetime can be achieved with viscosity measurement of engine oil, inexpensive and accurate field measurements with a small sample amount have been proven to be difficult. Current practice requires samples to be sent to the laboratory with added reporting time and analysis cost. This report assesses the accuracy and usability of a portable technique to determine viscosity changes of engine oil by diesel contamination in internal combustion engines under in-service or field conditions. The field viscosity measurements were made using the portable field falling needle viscometer (FNV) while changing both the diesel concentration from 2% to 10% and the temperature from 15 to 40 °C. Because of the simplicity of the FNV principle, automatic or manual portable field FNV (PFV) is made available for lubricants and greases even under in-service or field conditions without any instrument calibration by using the constant gravity. The viscosity measurements with an automatic and inexpensive manual portable field FNV (PFV) are better than 0.75% and 1.29% accuracy, respectively. These portable field viscosity measurements not only extend the engine life and usage time of diesel engine oils but also allow for further elucidation of diesel contamination to engine oils.
Telluride Film Festival
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: December 2022

B. Ruby Rich reviews the 49th edition of the Telluride Film Festival. In addition to buttoned-down celebrities and gorgeous scenery, the festival is known for its commitment to Eastern European and former Soviet Union cinemas, as well as the cinema of Latin America—both a legacy of Tom Luddy, the festival’s cofounder whose vision remains an integral part of the festival. The festival’s programming reflected these lasting strengths, along with an enduring focus on documentary.
The General Audience Talks Back
Authors: Greenberg Slava
Published: December 2022

In this essay, Slava Greenberg discusses the documentary Code of the Freaks (2020), in which thirteen disabled activists, artists, and scholars respond to hundreds of movie clips stereotypically portraying disability. He situates the film in relation to other “Hollywood shaming” documentaries that construct “Hollywood” as a collective archive to historicize the othering of their communities. Greenberg suggests that Code of the Freaks marks a shift in the evolution of this subgenre from educating the general audience to addressing their own community members as desired, even privileged, spectators.
Disability Cinema’s Next Wave
Authors: Carter-Long Lawrence
Published: December 2022

Traditionally, the depiction of disability in cinema has mirrored the dominant worldview’s outside-looking-in perspective. By contrast, today’s New Wave of Disability Cinema starts from the inside and shines outward, with a different focus, POV, and intentions. Lawrence Carter-Long reviews the current crop of films that replace appeals for inclusion with proclamations of purpose, representing an overdue evolution in what stories are told and who gets to tell them. He argues that the unique skills of disabled artists have been too long denied agency by limited imaginations and an ableist gaze.
Getting Real
Authors: Hu Brian
Published: December 2022

FQ contributing editor Brian Hu interviews Grace Lee about her distinctive brand of first-person nonfiction filmmaking, suggesting that her insider-outsider perspective has made her a unique yet exemplary voice in Asian American cinema. At the same time, Lee’s career challenges an auteurist framework to instead emphasize the institutional practices that shape film production and reception. What makes Grace Lee a pivotal author in Asian American documentary isn’t just her significant body of films, but also her vision in seeing documentary production as a form of institution building
The Bahamian Justification for Using Corporal Punishment Within the Home: A Christian Habit?
Authors: Fielding William J. , Ballance Virginia C.
Published: December 2022

Corporal punishment is a common means of disciplining children in Bahamian homes. Previous studies in The Bahamas have linked the justification for its use with religious beliefs. An Internet survey employing a snowball sampling method resulted in 1,570 persons participating in a study designed to focus on the association between biblical influence and attitudes toward corporal punishment; namely, is there an association with biblical influence in the lives of participants and their attitudes towards corporal punishment of children? This study found that those most influenced by biblically-based teachings were most likely to support the use of corporal punishment on their children. The results show that while overall belief in the Lord God of the Bible is associated with the use of corporal punishment, there is divergence between Christians to the extent corporal punishment is justified by the biblical texts, as well as how much participants’ lives were modelled on biblical precepts (specifically, the Ten Commandments and the Beatitudes). The divergence of opinions within the Christian population, which represents over 90% of the population of The Bahamas, indicates that attempts by the State to regulate the practice of corporal punishment will need to be promoted by pastors to make messages on nonviolent discipline of children acceptable to Christians in The Bahamas.
Comparative study on chemical composition, physical, tensile, and thermal properties of sugar palm fiber (Arenga pinnata) obtained from different geographical locations
Authors: Huzaifah M. R. M. , Sapuan S. M. , Leman Z. , Ishak M. R.
Published: December 2022

Physical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fiber were investigated for specimens obtained from three different locations: Kuala Jempol (Peninsular Malaysia), Tawau (West Malaysia), and Tasik Malaya (Indonesia). The morphology of the fiber were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the thermal properties by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile properties according to ASTM D3379, and chemical analysis by using neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). This study confirmed that in sugar palm fiber, the highest chemical content of cellulose resulted in the highest strength and thermal stability of the fiber. Fiber originating from Kuala Jempol had the highest cellulose content of 44.53%, followed by Indonesia (44.47%) and Tawau (43.75%). Kuala Jempol fiber (233.28 MPa) also had the highest tensile strength, followed by Indonesia (211.03 MPa) and Tawau (201.30 MPa), which was affected by the cellulose content in the fiber. Thus, fiber originating from Kuala Jempol had better quality than the others as a reinforcement material in manufacturing of polymer composites.
Flexural behavior of sprayed lightweight composite mortar-original bamboo composite beams: Experimental study
Authors: Tian Li-min , Kou Yue-feng , Hao Ji-ping
Published: December 2022

To study the flexural behavior of a composite beam, original single and double bamboo beams (SBBs and DBBs, respectively) and sprayed lightweight composite mortar-original bamboo composite beams (SCBs and DCBs) were designed and subjected to a four-point bending test based on the moisture content of the original bamboo. The failure modes, bearing capacity, and initial flexural rigidity of all of the beams were analyzed. Also, the strengthening effect of the lightweight composite mortar on the flexural behavior was studied. The results showed that a higher moisture content in the bamboo degraded the anti-slip property of the bond interface between the lightweight composite mortar and bamboo. The moisture content of the bamboo should be kept at approximately 20% before spraying. The initial flexural rigidity and bearing capacity of the DBBs were approximately 2.5 times and twice that of the SBBs, respectively. The initial flexural rigidities of the SCBs and DCBs were approximately 3.8 and 5.7 times that of the SBBs and DBBs, respectively. The ultimate load bearing capacity of the composite beams was approximately 1.5 times that of the original bamboo beams. It was shown that the lightweight composite mortar had a remarkable strengthening effect on the flexural behavior of the original bamboo.
Comparative study of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties on sugar palm fiber (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) reinforced vinyl ester composites obtained from different geographical locations
Authors: Huzaifah M.R.M. , Sapuan S.M. , Leman Z. , Ishak M.R.
Published: December 2022

Sugar palm fibers (SPF) reinforced vinyl ester (VE) composites were prepared in this study. The SPFs were obtained from three different geographical locations: Kuala Jempol (Peninsular Malaysia), Tawau (West Malaysia), and Tasik Malaya (Indonesia). The SPFs were utilized as reinforcement material with a fixed loading of 10 wt.%. The reinforced VE composites were prepared using a wet lay-up compression moulding method. The physical properties examined were water absorption, thickness swelling, and moisture content. To determine the strength of the SPF composites, tests on the tensile, flexural, and impact strength related to mechanical properties were completed. A thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was completed to observe the thermal properties. This study confirmed that the properties of the composites were affected by the strength of the fiber. The SPF/VE composites obtained from Kuala Jempol had the highest tensile, flexural, and impact strength compared to the SPF/VE composites from Indonesia and Tawua. In addition, SPF Jempol/VE also recorded the highest percentage of water absorption, thickness swelling, and moisture content. A comparison of thermal properties showed that SPF Tawau/VE had highest percentage of mass loss between fibers from the three geographic locations.
Regulation of superoxide anion radicals in bagasse alkali-oxygen pulping to enhance delignification selectively
Authors: Liang Xing , Sun Bing , Liu Yuxin , Zhang Bao , Shan Yingzhen , Song Xueping , Nie Shuangxi
Published: December 2022

Alkali-oxygen pulping has received increasing attention as an environmentally compatible pulping process; however, the resulting pulp has low yield and properties due to carbohydrate degradation. In this work, the effect of regulating superoxide anion radicals (O2-•) on delignification selectivity in alkali-oxygen pulping was investigated. The pulp was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Lignin removal was improved by the regulation of O2-• in the 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene auto-oxidation system with addition of sodium 2-anthraquinonesulfonate, especially for the pulp from cooking time 120 min. The degree and selectivity of delignification were improved with alkali-oxygen pulping when sodium 2-anthraquinonesulfonate was added to facilitate the generation of superoxide anion radicals. The results showed that the increased fiber liberation was beneficial for the accessibility of O2-• to lignin, which would improve the removal of lignin with negligible damage on cellulose, especially with regards to crystal area.
Synergistic effect of Fenton-like treatment on the adsorption of organic dye on bamboo magnetic biochar
Authors: Xing Jianxiong , Liu Qian , Zheng Kai , Ma Jian-feng , Liu Xing’e , Yang Haiyan , Peng Xiaopeng , Nie Shuangxi , Wang Kun
Published: December 2022

Magnetic bamboo charcoal was one-pot synthesized and employed in the removal of methylene blue. The data indicated that three different oxidation states of iron (Fe3O4, FeO, and zero-valent iron) were generated under different pyrolytic temperatures, and the maximum specific surface area was 484.6 m2/g. Both physical adsorption and catalytic degradation of MBC with zero-valent iron exhibited more effective capability to decontaminate organic pollution, as the zero-valent iron acted as a Fenton-like catalyst under aerobic conditions. In addition, the obtained magnetic bamboo charcoal manifested the maximum absorption-degradation capacity of methylene blue which was 73.6 mg/g under the weakly acidic (pH=5) and high temperature (60 °C) conditions, which broadened the applications as compared with the classic Fenton catalyst.
Research on milling forces during high-speed milling of wood-plastic composites
Authors: Wei Weihua , Li Yuantong , Xue Tongming , Liu Xiao , Chen Long , Wang Jian , Wang Tongyue , Cai Yaning
Published: December 2022

To analyze the influence of the milling parameters, including the spindle speed, feed rate, axial cutting depth, and radial cutting depth, on the milling force during high-speed milling of wood-plastic composites, an orthogonal test was performed with carbide cutting tools. The results showed that the tangential (Fx) and radial forces (Fy) decreased with an increase in the spindle speed, increased with an increase in the feed rate, and increased with an increase in the axial milling depth. Also, both were influenced by a relatively small amount of change in the axial milling depth. Mathematical models of Fx and Fy during the high-speed milling of wood-plastic composites were established with a multiple linear regression method. The variance analysis showed that the two mathematical models of the milling forces were significant overall.
Preparation of a rough hydrophobic surface on jute fibers via silica hydrosol modification and properties of fiber-reinforced polylactic acid composites
Authors: Wang Weiming , Dong Aixue , Wen Zuoqiang
Published: December 2022

Scoured jute fiber was modified with silica hydrosol and then mixed with polylactic acid to form bio-based fiber-reinforced composites. The effects of modification methods on the morphology and hydrophobicity of the fibers, as well as the tensile strength and fracture structure of the composites were studied. Also, the influence of sodium hydroxide concentration, MTMOS concentration, and numbers of dipping steps on the tensile strength of the composites were examined. The results indicated that silica hydrosol condensation could be used to prepare a smooth hydrophobic surface on modified fibers, while a rough hydrophobic surface could be prepared when alkaline treatment was carried out onto the surface of incompletely condensed silica hydrosol film. Rough hydrophilic fibers revealed poor interfacial compatibility and adhesion strength. Smooth hydrophobic surfaces improved interfacial compatibility and dispersibility of the fibers in hydrophobic matrix, whereas a rough hydrophobic structure further improved the adhesion strength through mechanical interlock. The data illustrated that morphology of the silica hydrosol modified fiber surface depended on the alkaline treatment conditions and amounts of adsorbed silica hydrosol, while the effect of MTMOS precursor concentration was negligible.
Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction of People with Disabilities during Forced Social Distancing and Home Confinement Derived from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chykhantsova Olena , Kievišienė Justina , Baranauskienė Ingrida , Agostinis-Sobrinho Cesar
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to analyze the quality of life and life satisfaction of people with disabilities in quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine and Lithuania. There were total 546 participants aged 16-84 years from Lithuania and Ukraine. The respondents completed the authors’ questionnaire and the Subjective Happiness Scale to measure quality of life, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the associations between quality of life, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. The results demonstrate the interrelation between the constructs measured, when subjectively evaluated quality of life during quarantine was associated with satisfaction within various life spheres, and moderately associated with subjective happiness. In conclusion, our study showed the interdependence between quality of life, subjective happiness and life satisfaction, allowing manipulation of separate components to induce change in other not only in scientific rapport, but also in physical and mental health orientated preventative actions to improve the well-being for people with disabilities
Sacrifice rate and labor precariousness in Mexico, 2005Q1-2019Q4
Authors: Loría Eduardo , Cossio Rául
Published: December 2022

Since 1998, the Mexican economy has clearly presented six disinflationary episodes. We estimate seven Phillips curves, to evaluate the social cost in terms of the sacrifice rate in GDP, unemployment rate and in the Rate of Critical Labor Conditions (RCLC). Our results suggest that, by including labor precariousness in the New Keynesian Phillips Curve, measured with RCLC, inflation behavior is more accurately modeled. We found that there are important cointegration relationships that reflect that for 2005Q1-2019Q4 labor precariousness has been the main disinflationary adjustment variable, since 1 point reduction in inflation corresponds to an increase of 3.65 points in RCLC.