bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Interactions Required for Activation of Complement Component C2 Include Exosites Located on the Serine Protease Domain of C1s and Mannose-Binding Lectin Associated Protease-2
Authors: Hor Lilian , Pan Jing , Pike Robert N , Wijeyewickrema Lakshmi C
Published: February 2024

The activation of the CP/LP C3 proconvertase complex is a key event in complement activation and involves cleavage of C4 and C2 by the C1s protease (classical pathway) or the mannose-binding lectin–associated serine protease (MASP)-2 (lectin pathway). Efficient cleavage of C4 by C1s and MASP-2 involves exosites on the complement control protein and serine protease (SP) domains of the proteases. The complement control protein domain exosite is not involved in cleavage of C2 by the proteases, but the role of an anion-binding exosite (ABE) on the SP domains of the proteases has (to our knowledge) never been investigated. In this study, we have shown that the ABE on the SP of both C1s and MASP-2 is crucial for efficient cleavage of C2, with mutant forms of the proteases greatly impaired in their rate of cleavage of C2. We have additionally shown that the site of binding for the ABE of the proteases is very likely to be located on the von Willebrand factor domain of C2, with the precise area differing between the enzymes: whereas C1s requires two anionic clusters on the von Willebrand factor domain to enact efficient cleavage of C2, MASP-2 apparently only requires one. These data provide (to our knowledge) new information about the molecular determinants for efficient activation of C2 by C1s and MASP-2. The enhanced view of the molecular events underlying the early stages of complement activation provides further possible intervention points for control of this activation that is involved in a number of inflammatory diseases.
Critical Role of CD55 in Controlling Wound Healing
Authors: Kang Lorna , Kohen Maryo , McCarthy Isaac , Hammelef Emma , Kim Hae Suk , Bapputty R , Gubitosi-Klug Rose , Orge Faruk H , Kern Timothy , Medof M Edward
Published: February 2024

How reparative processes are coordinated following injury is incompletely understood. In recent studies, we showed that autocrine C3a and C5a receptor (C3ar1 and C5ar1) G protein–coupled receptor signaling plays an obligate role in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 growth signaling in vascular endothelial cells. We documented the same interconnection for platelet-derived growth factor receptor growth signaling in smooth muscle cells, epidermal growth factor receptor growth signaling in epidermal cells, and fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in fibroblasts, indicative of a generalized cell growth regulatory mechanism. In this study, we examined one physiological consequence of this signaling circuit. We found that disabling CD55 (also known as decay accelerating factor), which lifts restraint on autocrine C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling, concomitantly augments the growth of each cell type. The mechanism is heightened C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling resulting from the loss of CD55’s restraint jointly potentiating growth factor production by each cell type. Examination of the effect of lifted CD55 restraint in four types of injury (burn, corneal denudation, ear lobe puncture, and reengraftment of autologous skin) showed that disabled CD55 function robustly accelerated healing in all cases, whereas disabled C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling universally retarded it. In wild-type mice with burns or injured corneas, applying a mouse anti-mouse CD55 blocking Ab (against CD55’s active site) to wounds accelerated the healing rate by 40–70%. To our knowledge, these results provide new insights into mechanisms that underlie wound repair and open up a new tool for accelerating healing.
Value of brain tissue oxygen saturation in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a clinical study
Authors: Cheng Keping , Zhu Huijie , Zhou Zikai , Chen Weiyuan , Yang Aijuan
Published: February 2024

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is one of the major causes of pre-term mortality and morbidity among very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Some of the neonates pass away despite admission and care in intensive care units (ICUs). The present clinical trial seeks the application value of elevating oxygen saturation in the brain cells of pre-term neonates born with NRDS. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to monitor the neonates’ microscopic cerebral oxygenation levels do determine hemoglobin concentration in brain tissues, whereas the pulse oximetry was used to measure oxygenation levels among the patients. In statistical analyses, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and descriptive statistics was deployed in the Jupyter Notebook environment using Python language. High saturation of oxygen in the brain tissues result in important biological and physiological processes, including enhanced oxygen supply to cells, reduced severity of NRDS, and balancing oxygen demand and supply. The correlations of oxygen saturation with systemic saturation of oxygen, the saturation of oxygen in brain tissues, the association between brain-specific and systemic saturation, and the impact of these outcomes on clinical practices were deliberated. Also, the pH gas values, the saturation of oxygen in neonates’ brain tissues, metabolic acidosis, the effect of acid-base balance and cerebral oxygen supply, and the oxygenation of brain tissues and the pH values emerged as important variables of oxygenation of brain tissues in pre-term neonates. Oxygen saturation in brain cells influence vital physiological and biological processes. Balancing acid-base saturation or levels is needed despite the challenging achievement. Oxygenation of brain tissues improve the brain’s overall functioning.
Analysis of microclimate temperature and relative humidity distribution of local poultry house in a subtropical area of Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlowo Qazeem Opeyemi , Azeez Adedayo Afeez , Na Wook Ho , Rabiu Anis , Adesanya Misbaudeen Aderemi , Zakir Ezatullah , Ijadunola John Ademola , Afolabi Bukola Olanrewaju , Kosemani Babajide Saheed , Ilori Titus Adeyinka , Lee Hyun-Woo
Published: February 2024

The design of the ventilation system to ensure microclimate condition are optimum in poultry houses in the Nigerian context requires knowledge of the microclimate parameter distribution, which is lacking in the literature. This study investigated the patterns of temperature and RH distributions in a typical local poultry house. The specific objectives were to (i) analyse the vertical and horizontal distributions of the microclimate parameters in battery cage poultry housing and deep litter poultry housing, (ii) identify whether the distribution is homogenous or heterogeneous, and (iii) identify the data spread of parameters. An experimental intensive naturally ventilated local poultry house was used for this study. It consisted of deep litter (DL) and battery cage (BC) poultry housing systems partitioned by an air wall. Daytime, nighttime, rainy, and dry season temperature and RH distributions in the BC and DL poultry housing were analysed. Approximately 1.2 °C temperature difference was recorded between the poultry house and the ambient environment during the day and night. The temperature and RH distributions in the poultry housing were heterogeneous. Approximately 5% and 67%–73% of the daytime and nighttime temperature data, respectively, and 37%–41% of daytime RH fell within the optimum values.
Wireless Patient Monitoring System Based on Smart Wristbands and Central user Interface Software
Authors: Vafaie Mohammad Hossein , Ahmadi Beni Ebrahim
Published: February 2024

In this article, a patient monitoring system is proposed that is able to obtain heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels of patients, identify abnormal conditions, and inform emergency status to the nurses. The proposed monitoring system consists of smart patient wristbands, smart nurse wristbands, central monitoring user interface (UI) software, and a wireless communication network. In the proposed monitoring system, a unique smart wristband is dedicated to each of the patients and nurses. To measure heart rate and SpO2 level, a pulse oximeter sensor is used in the patient wristbands. The output of this sensor is transferred to the wristband’s microcontroller where heart rate and SpO2 are calculated through advanced signal processing algorithms. Then, the calculated values are transmitted to central UI software through a wireless network. In the UI software, received values are compared with their normal values and a predefined message is sent to the nurses’ wristband if an abnormal condition is identified. Whenever this message is received by a nurse’s wristband, an acoustic alarm with vibration is generated to inform an emergency status to the nurse. By doing so, health services are delivered to the patients more quickly and as a result, the probability of the patient recovery is increased effectively.
Experience with osteoplastic posterior fossa craniotomy in 13 children
Authors: Jaiswal Manish , Jaiswal Somil , Chandra Anil , Krishna Bal Ojha
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:

Posterior fossa free bone flap craniotomy in children is being currently used, and it significantly decreases postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and pseudomeningoceles. However, sometimes bone displacement, bone resorption, osteonecrosis, or infection occurs in a few children after posterior fossa free bone flap craniotomy. So, in recent years, a few posterior fossa osteoplastic craniotomy techniques to overcome these complications have been described. Here, we are documenting our experiences with one of the previously described techniques of osteoplastic craniotomy, with some modification in cases of pediatric posterior fossa tumor. We called this described procedure “ligamentous osteoplastic midline posterior fossa craniotomy (LOM-PFC),” as it preserves the attachments of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane.

Materials and Methods:

This LOM-PFC approach was implemented between 2018 and 2019 in 13 pediatric patients who were suffering from posterior fossa tumor. Perioperative and follow-up clinico-radiologic details were reviewed.

Results:

Only one patient had transient mild CSF accumulation, which was managed by lumbar punctures. A 3D reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) scan head verified a well-aligned and fused LOM-PFC flap during the postoperative and the follow-up period, respectively. Cosmetic results were excellent. The maximal follow-up period was one year.

Conclusions:

We found that the LOM-PFC approach had no added risk. It preserves the anatomy of the foramen magnum and allows more stable fixation of the bone flap, which minimizes the risk of CSF leakage, pseudomeningocele and finally reduces the hospital stay. This approach is easy to learn, feasible, and cosmetically effective.
Multiple extradural arachnoid cysts causing cord compression
Authors: Patel Pratik R , Dadla Murtaza M , Nadkarni Trimurti D
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Spinal arachnoid cysts (SACs) are an uncommon cause of spinal cord compression. A nine-year-old female child presented with pain, stiffness, and weakness in both lower limbs. The girl could walk with support. She had clinical features suggestive of Marfan’s syndrome. On examination, she had spastic paraparesis. Neuroimaging revealed multiple extradural arachnoid cysts (EACs) causing cord compression, extending from the cervical to sacral level. Computerized tomography (CT) myelogram did not demonstrate a communication of the EAC with the spinal subarachnoid space at any level or within adjacent cysts. The patient underwent a dorsal laminoplasty (D6 to D8) with excision of the underlying EAC, which was causing maximum compression. Postoperatively, the patient showed significant improvement in her gait. She could walk independently at the time of discharge. The EACs are rare and the present case is the only case to have extensive spinal cord involvement from cervical to sacral levels and only the second in literature in which multiple EACs caused symptomatic cord compression. The relevant literature is reviewed.
Association of Ocular Injuries in Patients with Head Injury: A Tertiary-Level Armed Forces Experience
Authors: Maheshwari Vikas , Dhurvey Deepak K. , Singh Gurpreet
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The incidence of trauma is on an increasing trend worldwide. It has drastically increased due to urbanization, vehicular congestion, alcoholism, and poor infrastructure facilities, especially in developing countries. In the Armed Forces, the additional burden of trauma is also seen due to various unit activities, organized sports, and other adventure sports. Head injury cases are often associated with various ocular injuries. These ocular injuries, if subtle in nature, can be missed initially and progress into ophthalmological complications and rarely into permanent visual impairment. The aim of this study was to critically analyze the association of various ocular injuries in patients with head injury.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary-level Armed Forces Hospital from July 2016 to December 2018. A total of 40 patients were evaluated who had head injury along with ocular injuries. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was used to assess the severity of the head injury. Ocular manifestations such as subconjunctival hemorrhage, ecchymosis, soft tissue injuries such as lid tear, corneal injuries, and bony and associated nerve injuries were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 40 patients with head injury with ocular manifestations were studied. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause, followed by accidental fall from height and sports injuries. There was a male preponderance (n = 32 (80%)) over females (n = 8 (20%)). Unilateral ocular manifestation (n = 32 (80%)) was more common than bilateral involvement (n = 8 (20%)). The most frequent ocular manifestations were subconjunctival hemorrhage and ecchymosis (35 (87.5%)), followed by lid laceration (6 (15%)), corneal tear (04 (10%)), vitreous hemorrhage (01 (2.5%)), evisceration (2 (05%)), and cranial nerve injury (06 (12.5%)). Orbital wall fracture was seen in 15 (37.5%) patients, including lateral wall fracture (n = 08 (20%)), medial wall fracture (n = 04 (10%)), orbital floor fracture (n = 02 (05%)), and orbital roof fracture (n = 01 (2.5%)).

Conclusion:

Ocular injuries can occur in patients with head injury irrespective of the mode and kinematics involved (severe head injury may present with minimal ocular manifestations or vice versa). These patients require hospitalization, observation, thorough ophthalmic evaluation, and periodic assessment to minimize morbidity and complications.
Comparison of Static and Dynamic Myofascial Decompression on Gastrosoleus Muscle Power and Latent Trigger Point Pain in Normal Healthy Women
Authors: Baxi Gaurang D. , Keerthana R , Palekar Tushar J. , Gohil Divya , Deshmukh Mayura
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Muscle performance is an essential component of an individual that is influenced by physiological, anatomical, psychological, and biomechanical factors. It includes flexibility, muscle strength, agility, and cardiovascular and aerobic endurance. Treatment approaches like stretching and myofascial decompression help improve flexibility and thereby muscle performance. This study explores the effects of static and dynamic myofascial decompression on gastro soleus trigger point pain and power.

Materials and Methods:

105 healthy normal women in the age group of 20-30 yrs were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups by simple random sampling using the chit method. Group A received static myofascial decompression, dynamic stretching, and cryotherapy. Group B received dynamic myofascial decompression, dynamic stretching, and cryotherapy whereas Group C received dynamic stretching and cryotherapy. Lower extremity muscle power and functional performance were tested by Vertical jump height. The Gastrosoleus muscle’s myofascial trigger point pain sensitivity was measured with a pressure algometer.

Statistical Analysis:

Data was analyzed using SPSS. The difference in the mean Vertical jump height and pain pressure threshold values between the groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Intra-group analysis was done using Repeated Measures ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05, at a 95% confidence interval.

Results:

Participants in all three groups showed clinical improvement, however, the differences in the three groups were not statistically significant. In the dynamic myofascial decompression group, a significant (P < 0.05) carry-over effect was seen in the vertical jump height test post 5 days of intervention.

Conclusion:

Static and Dynamic myofascial decompression are equally effective in reducing pain and improving gastro soleus muscle power in subjects with latent trigger points. There was a sustained carry-over effect was seen in the vertical jump height test in the dynamic myofascial decompression group after 5 days of intervention.
Ultrasound-Guided Popliteal Artery Cannulation: An Alternative for Emergency Arterial Cannulation During Prone Position
Authors: Sharma Ravi Shankar , Narayanan Balakrishnan , Arora Niyati , Sharma Suyashi
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Arterial cannulation is an essential procedure for invasive blood pressure measurement as well as repeated arterial blood gas sampling in intensive care unit setting. Common sites for placing an arterial cannula are the radial artery, femoral artery, brachial artery, and dorsalispedis artery. In certain situations such as in the case of prone ventilation, arterial cannula from common peripheral sites may get accidentally disconnected and it becomes very difficult for even a senior anesthesiologist to place an arterial cannula in the prone position. In those circumstances, an alternate site such as the popliteal artery may serve as a site for arterial cannulation. Therefore, here we present three cases of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, whose arterial cannula was accidentally dislodged during prone ventilation maneuver and were successfully managed by ultrasound-guided popliteal artery cannulation.
Atypical Presentation of Antisynthetase Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Rohatgi Shalesh , Rao Prajwal , Nirhale Satish , Naphade Pravin
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Antisynthetase syndrome is characterized by autoantibodies against one of many aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases. The clinical features include interstitial lung disease (ILD), non-erosive arthritis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, myositis, unexplained fever, and/or mechanic’s hands. There is higher incidence of ILD compared to polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Antisynthetase syndrome associated with Pl-7 and Pl-12 antibodies is rare and accounts for less than 10% of all cases. We present a case of 63-year-old lady who presented with only polymyositis without any ILD or other features of antisynthetase syndrome and was positive for anti Pl-7 and anti Pl-12 antibodies.
Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV2
Authors: Athavale Prachi , Athavale Virendra , Suryawanshi Poonam , Khillare Kishor , Tripathy Srikanth
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness due to a novel coronavirus which is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Though this virus is recently identified in 2019, it is closely related to other coronaviruses namely SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. A neutralizing antibody (NAb) is defined as an antibody that is responsible for defending cells from pathogens. They are produced naturally by the body as part of its immune response, and their production is triggered by both infections and vaccinations against infections. Articles published databases of PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS and Cochrane were studied. The keywords used by authors were ‘SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “seroprevalence”, “convalescent plasma”, “neutralizing antibodies”, “antibodies”, “antibody dependent enhancement”. There is great importance of neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most of the patients who suffered with SARS-CoV-2 develop different titers of NAbs at an interval of 14 and 20 days after infection. When all three immunoglobulin classes namely IgG, IgM, and IgA are formed and work synergistically, the maximum neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 is observed. The reduction in NAb titre occurs in two phases. There are many new cases of re-infections reported from all over the world which suggest that immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is short lasting and incomplete. Vaccines play an important role in preventing deaths and hospitalization caused by infectious diseases and contributes to controlling the spread of the disease, thus their impact on infection and serious illness is significant.
Nitazoxanide refractory cryptosporidiosis complicating Burkitt lymphoma in a child
Authors: Khan Salman , Das Arghya , Kataria Babita , Yadav Himanshu , Mirdha Bijay Ranjan
Published: February 2024

Cryptosporidium species cause watery diarrhea in several vertebrate hosts, including humans. Most apparently, immunocompetent-infected individuals remain asymptomatic, whereas immunocompromised may develop severe or chronic cryptosporidiosis. We report here the case of a 6-year-old girl undergoing chemotherapy for Burkitt lymphoma who experienced multiple episodes of watery diarrhea during her hospital stay. Microscopic examination of her stool sample revealed oocysts of Cryptosporidium species. The rapid immunochromatographic test was also positive for Cryptosporidium species. She was treated with nitazoxanide for 3 weeks, which failed to provide both clinical improvement and parasitological clearance. This case highlights the importance of treatment failure in human cryptosporidiosis.
Antimalarial prophylaxis failure: Malaria in a returning traveler despite mefloquine prophylaxis
Authors: Utpat Sandeepa , Hussain Fahad , Dikengil Cem , Utpat Nishka , Nookala Vinod
Published: February 2024

This case report presents a perplexing case of Plasmodium malariae breakthrough infection despite prophylaxis with appropriate antimalarial prophylactic regimen of mefloquine in a compliant patient. A 78-year-old missionary who travels each year to the African subcontinent for multiple weeks to months, over 25 years, adheres to stringent antimalarial prophylaxis with Mefloquine as prescribed, starting prior to the trip and continuing after the return to the U.S.A. She gave no prior history of malaria during her 25 years of travel to Africa and back. Since she had no prior history of malaria and due to her excellent compliance with antimalarial regiment, despite her presentation which were suggestive of malaria, neither the patient nor her providers recognized the onset of malaria in this case. Infectious diseases physicians approached this case with an open mind, investigated appropriately, requested appropriate tests, found the presence of malarial parasite, identified as P. malariae species thereafter. She was started on antimalarial treatment in a timely fashion and showed an excellent response. This intriguing recovery of malarial parasite and response to treatment despite the patient being on antimalarial prophylaxis raised the possibility of mefloquine failure as an antimalarial prophylactic agent against P. malariae species.
Molecular appraisal of Giardia intestinalis from Western India: A prospective observational study
Authors: Mohammad Naila , Tak Vibhor , Bohra Gopal Krishna , Gadepalli Ravisekhar , Sharma Anuradha , Singh Kuldeep , Nag Vijaya Lakshmi
Published: February 2024

Background:

Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal protozoan which commonly causes parasitic gastroenteritis globally. It is a species complex consisting of at least eight assemblages (genotypes). In India, Giardia is mostly underreported and missed in asymptomatic cases.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to genotype the G. intestinalis isolates from stool samples of patients at a tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India, and to clinically correlate it.

Methods:

This prospective pilot cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in a tertiary care center in western India. Patients who were microscopically positive for giardiasis were enrolled. DNA was extracted from their stool samples and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 4E1-HP as the target sequence. Anthropometric measurements and analysis were done for children by using Anthrocal application.

Results:

A total of 50 patients were enrolled. Diarrhea was present in 18 patients (36%). Among these, 6 were immunocompromised and had different comorbidities. Among the children <12 years of age, 55.17% (n = 16/29) were stunted (<−2 S.D.), and among <5 years, 44.4% (n = 4/9) showed wasting (<−2 S.D.). A PCR product corresponding to assemblage B of G. intestinalis was amplified in 47 stool specimens. Only three stool samples were negative for both assemblages A and B and posed an interesting enigma.

Conclusion:

In this study, a predominance of assemblage B of G. intestinalis was detected in 94% of the isolates. Furthermore, the possibility of zoonotic transmission could not be ruled out.
Billiard with slipping by an arbitrary rational angle
Authors: Zav'yalov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: February 2024

The class of billiards in a disc with slipping along the boundary circle by an angle commensurable with $\pi$ is considered. For such billiards it is shown that an isoenergy surface of the system is homeomorphic to a lens space $L(q,p)$ with parameters satisfying $0 < p <q$. The set of pairs $(q, p)$ such that there exists a billiard in a disc realizing the corresponding lens space $L(q,p)$ is described in terms of solutions of a linear Diophantine equation in two variables. This result also holds for planar billiards with slipping in simply connected domains with smooth boundary, that is, it is not confined to the integrable case.
Bibliography: 30 titles.
Parang Romang (Boehmeria virgata (Frost.) Guill.): Correlation of Phytochemistry with Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Arsul Muhammad Ikhlas , Fidrianny Irda , Insanu Muhamad
Published: February 2024

Secondary metabolites such as phenolic and flavonoid from the plant are essential in their activity, especially activities related to the prevention of oxidation and the inhibition of xanthine oxidase. One plant that is believed to have prevention of oxidation and XOI and correlates with secondary metabolites is parang romang. The purpose of this study is to assess the antioxidant capacity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of parang romang, and to examine their relationship with the TPC and TFC. Total phenolic and flavonoid were measured for all parts, and the DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods determined antioxidant capacity. The activity of xanthine oxidase inhibition was also assessed. Flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarin were found in parang romang. The steroid/triterpenoid was found in the stem, leaves, and flower; saponin was in the roots and flower; quinone and tannin were only in the roots. The root gave the highest of TPC, while the flower had the highest TFC. The highest antioxidant capacity was found in roots, leaves, flowers, and stems. The highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory was given by leaves (9.74±0.14 µg/ml), followed by flower, steam, and rood. The correlation was shown between the phenolic and flavonoid quantities and the actions of antioxidants and xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Improvement of Plasmid Volumetric Yield by Addition of Glycerol and Phosphate Buffer in Escherichia coli TOP10 Batch Culture
Authors: Anindyajati  , Afifah Salma Aulia , Riani Catur , Tan Marselina Irasonia , Natalia Dessy , Giri-Rachman Ernawati Arifin , Artarini Anita
Published: February 2024

The investigation of mRNA development has gained substantial interest, particularly in the ex vivo and in vivo therapy. mRNA is widely used for the development of gene editing-based therapies and mRNA vaccines. The aim of this study was to optimize the medium and harvest time to increase plasmid DNA production as part of mRNA production. This study modified used a medium modification approach to achieve high density culture of Escherichia coli TOP10 pGEMT-N in batch cultivation method. Various media formulations were assessed, including LB; LB with phosphate buffer (K2HPO4 12.549 g/L and KH2PO4 2.31 g/L); LB with glycerol (50 g/L); LB with glycerol and phosphate buffer; LB with phosphate buffer, glycerol, glucose (15 g/L), and galactose (15 g/L). The effect of additional carbon sources and phosphate buffer on culture density was measured through OD600 and wet cell weight analysis. The highest OD600 and wet cell weight was observed when LB with glycerol and phosphate buffer was used, with OD600 of 4.78±0.14 and wet cell weight of 36.00±0.63 mg/ml. Plasmid DNA was subsequently isolated from these cultures following 5- and 7.5-hour incubation periods. The utilization of LB medium with glycerol and phosphate buffer resulted in a substantial increase in the volumetric concentration of plasmid DNA of 1,516.97±385.00 ng/ml after 5 hours of incubation. In conclusion, a remarkable enhancement in plasmid DNA volumetric yield within 5 hours was achieved by addition of glycerol and phosphate buffer to LB medium, leading to incubation period.
LOGISTIC SUPPORT FOR DISASTER-STRICKEN AREAS: THE CONCEPT AND PRACTITIONER'S CHALLENGES DURING NATURAL DISASTERS
Authors: Obaied Hamam
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose- The aim of this paper is to give new insights into the concept of humanitarian logistics stimulate discussion to the vital role-played by logistic support for the Stricken Areas and the most important problems and challenges facing it.

Design/methodology/approach- This paper is based on a conceptual discussion of outlines the problems and challenges associated with the Logistic Support for the Stricken Areas , Based on the nature of the purpose and in order to achieve it, an inductive approach was applied.

This research does not involve conducting any practical experiments; it does not depend on numbers as in quantitative studies, but on qualitative data.

Findings- The main problem and the greatest challenge that face the relief operation in general, and the humanitarian logistics sector in particular, is in the system itself that replaces a collapsed one or about to collapse, with weak facilities and doubled needs in a complex environment that has hostility towards establishing a system, especially at war time. Disasters have a distinguished nature, as each is different in its characteristics and conditions.

Originality/value – This paper certainly paves the way for a more comprehensive approach for further development in this field.

Paper type- Conceptual paper
“A Prosperous Life and the Assurance of a Happy Departure.” Indentured Servitude in Colonial Chesapeake and Pennsylvania
Authors: Delao Jade
Published: February 2024

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Native American Boarding School Policy
Authors: Escobedo Diana
Published: February 2024

This study examines how anti-Catholic sentiment, and nativist views during the nineteenth century influenced Progressive policy makers during the Native American boarding school era to impose a militarized and patriotic system of education onto Native children. In an attempt to prove their loyalty to the United States, Catholic church policy makers adopted the federal government’s model of educating Native Children. This system unintentionally hurt the Native population because Catholic Priests and Nuns shifted their philosophy of respecting Native values to imposing patriotic values onto Native children. The federal government’s role in the boarding school era often overshadows the role of religious denominations, specifically the influence of Catholic Indian schools. The point of this study is to examine and recognize how the social environment in the U.S. during the nineteenth century influenced Native American policy and gives anyone interested in the boarding school era a more nuanced understanding as to why Progressives sought to assimilate Native children into the American mainstream.
El Baile de Los 41: Sexuality in 1900’s Mexico
Authors: Heib Lauren
Published: February 2024

During the dictatorial reign of Porfirio Diaz, a ball was discovered following noise complaint. That night, 42 men, a number of them members of Mexico’s elite, were found dancing together.  This event brought so much scandal to Mexico, that the number 41 is still associated with homosexuality. The attendees, location, and the political climate of Mexican society played a pivital role in the dance's infamy. The Dance of the 41 served as a public catalyst for a changing sexual climate in Mexico, and therefore had a lasting impact regarding sexuality and gender roles in the following centuries.
CSU Dominguez Hills
Authors: Carrera Marco
Published: February 2024

No abstract provided
Desperately Seeking Motecuhzoma
Authors: Rubio Raul A.
Published: February 2024

No abstract provided
Iranian Women's Identities
Authors: Saldana Lauren
Published: February 2024

No abstract provided.
The Toro Historical Review Volume 3 Editorial Team
Authors: Namala Doris
Published: February 2024

No abstract provided.
When Parallels Cross
Authors: Contreras Daniel
Published: February 2024

No abstract provided.
Yaa Asantewaa Redux
Authors: Okoreeh Alvin
Published: February 2024

No abstract provided
¡Revolución Sin Fronteras! Mexican Immigrants, Mexican-Americans, and Magonistas in Los Angeles, 1900-1930
Authors: Aguilar Salvador
Published: February 2024

From the 1900s to the 1930s, the Anglo power structure in Los Angles silenced all groups who challenged their rule. Ricardo Flores Magón, who was the intellectual writer for the Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century, resisted the Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz and the Anglo rule in Los Angles. This paper argues that the Anglo power system targeted Magonistas, followers of Ricardo Flores Magón, Mexican immigrant workers, and Mexican Americans during the Mexican Revolution to prevent an uprising in Los Angeles and to maintain close economic ties with Porfirio Diaz and Mexican elites in general. To prove my thesis, I utilized the Archivo Digital de Ricardo Flores Magón. This online archive contains Ricardo Flores Magón’s newspapers Regeneración and Revolucion. I also utilized the Los Angeles Times Historic. This online archive contains all newspaper articles published by the Los Angeles Times. I used the two newspapers to compare the Magonista and Anglo perspectives. The third online archive I used was the Strachwitz Frontera Collection which contains music written by Mexican and Mexican Americans. The final online primary source collection that I referenced was the Anarchist Library. This online collection contains various documents written by anarchists; including the works written by Ricardo Flores Magón. Using the four primary source collections will support my thesis.
Review of Aviva Chomsky
Authors: Meyers Sarah
Published: February 2024

Book Review
Welcome
Authors: Editorial Team
Published: February 2024

Welcome to Volume 14, Issue 1 of The Toro Historical Review! Congratulations to the authors, and a special thank you to our student editorial team who has worked hard and continued to keep us on our regular publication schedule. Thank you!

This volume features five essays produced in upper division history classes and represent remarkable achievements in undergraduate research and writing. Well done!
The Changing Historiography of the Moynihan Report
Authors: Kooken Jason
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses the ways that historians have studied and discussed the Moynihan Report throughout the decades following its release to the public, and how the interpretations and conversations regarding the document have changed over time.
Eating NAFTA
Authors: Calderon Sebastian
Published: February 2024

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UTICAJ DVE VRSTE FREKNVENTNIH PRETVATRAČA NA PARAMETRE KVALITETA ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE ELEKTRIČNOG POGONA MALE SNAGE
Authors:   Academy Of Tehnical And Art Applied Studies Belgrade, School Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Serbia, Ivezić Milan , Grujić Aleksandra ,   Academy Of Tehnical And Art Applied Studies Belgrade, School Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Serbia, Tarabić Dobrivoje ,   Academy Of Tehnical And Art Applied Studies Belgrade, School Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Serbia, Pavlović Đorđe ,   Academy Of Tehnical And Art Applied Studies Belgrade, School Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Serbia
Published: February 2024

The paper presents the influence of the power supply of an electric drive from two different frequency converters on the parameters of power quality. The spatial-vector control of the same asynchronous motor powered by a single-phase and three-phase frequency converter is analyzed, with identical load realized by a four- quadrant asynchronous brake. Comparative results of measuring the content of higher harmonics of current and voltage in both ways of powering an electric drive are presented.
DIJAGNOSTIKA STANjA VISOKONAPONSKIH PREKIDAČA NA BAZI ON-LINE MONITORINGA
Authors:   University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Vlaisavljević Milica , Žarković Mileta ,   University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering
Published: February 2024

High voltage circuit breakers are very important switchgear in the power system. They are the only ones that can interrupt fault currents, for that reason their proper monitoring and maintenance is very important. The results of monitoring high voltage circuit breakers used in this paper are: measuring insulation resistance, checking oil dielectric strength, vacuum degree or gas density SF6, checking position of contacts in open - closed state, checking contact stroke by recording space - time diagram, measuring coil current for switching on and off, measuring the start-up time of the drive mechanism and checking the number of operations and measuring the contact resistance. This paper presents an innovative algorithm for the application of autoencoder neural networks(ANN) and an algorithm for creating a health index. The application of the presented methods enables on-line diagnostics of high voltage circuit breakers and decision- making on their further maintenance, repair or replacement in real time.
OPTIMIZACIJA RADA PROZJUMERA U USLOVIMA DINAMIČKOG TARIFIRANjA
Authors:   University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Marjanović Uroš , Dobrić Goran ,   University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering
Published: February 2024

The decarbonization process, that was set to be one of the major global goals, is followed by Renewable Sources of Energy integration, primarily the Sun and the wind, as the major sources of the future. The Sun and the wind, as intermittent sources, have a time variable potential which is significantly less than the conventional power sources’ potential. Consequentially, electrical power of solar and wind power plants is variable which causes variable and high prices on the power exchange market. Every deficit causes the rise of the prices which can affect the price that users pay to the local power distribution company. The implementation of the smart devices, that can control the demand, tend to decrease the power supply bill. Furthermore, well arranged demand can have positive effect on the local power network, decreasing technical and financial losses. These devices can enable and encourage users to implement solar power system on their rooftops which additionally decreases the power supply bill and harmful gases emission. This thesis should show the positive effect of the solar power system implementation and of the demand control, as well.
ISPITIVANJE PARAMETARA FOTONAPONSKOG PANELA I OBRADA PODATAKA KORISTEĆI ARDUINO MIKROKONTROLER I MICROSOFT EXCEL
Authors:   Academy Of Tehnical And Art Applied Studies Belgrade, School Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Serbia, Tarabić Dobrivoje , Grujić Aleksandra ,   Academy Of Tehnical And Art Applied Studies Belgrade, School Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Serbia
Published: February 2024

Paper presents testing of parameters and characteristics of a photovoltaic panel by measuring voltage, current, power, temperature and solar irradiation. Sensors that are compatible with the Arduino microcontroller board are used to measure voltage, current and temperature, while power is calculated. Solar irradiation is determined by measuring the light intensity with a luxmeter and a light sensor. The measured data is processed and displayed in Microsoft Excel using the PLX-DAQ application, which enables communication with the UART hardware unit of the ATMega328 microcontroller located on the Arduino UNO microcontroller board. A comparison and analysis of the results obtained by measurement with the results of simulation of the photovoltaic panel in the simulation program PSIM was made
OPTIMALNA NAZIVNA SNAGA, PREČNIK TURBINE I VISINA STUBA VETROAGREGATA U REGIONU BANATA
Authors:   GLOBAL SUBSTATION SOLUTIONS, Belgrade, Serbia, Petrović Ana , Đurišić Željko ,   GLOBAL SUBSTATION SOLUTIONS, Belgrade, Serbia, Milošević Dejan ,   GLOBAL SUBSTATION SOLUTIONS, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: February 2024

The paper presents a practical mathematical model for optimal choice of wind turbine parameters for known wind statistics and wind shear coefficient. The basic elements in optimization are: hub height, wind turbine diameter and wind turbine rated power. The model performs variation of key parameters and calculation of total actualized costs of wind turbines, as well as annual electricity production. In the mentioned optimization problem, there are technical limitations regarding the minimum and maximum values of parameters imposed by the equipment manufacturer itself. The model is based on a genetic algorithm which, after a certain number of iterations, leads to optimal results that satisfy both the goal function and the given constraints. The developed algorithm and mathematical model have at general character, ie. they are applicable for optimizing the choice of wind turbines for locations with different wind conditions. The application of the model ensures optimal use of wind potential at a certain location, and also provides a higher profit to the owner of the wind farm. Weibull wind statistics parameters and wind shear coefficient are used as input data. The practical applicability of the proposed mathematical model was demonstrated on a concrete example of WPP in Banat.
ANALIZA ISPLATIVOSTI PRIMENE SOFTVERSKOG OGRANIČENJA SNAGE PRILIKOM PRIKLJUČENJA VETROELEKTRANE NA DISTRIBUTIVNI SISTEM
Authors:   JSC ELEKTROMREZA SERBIA, Ristić Vladan , Žikić Miljan ,   JSC ELEKTROMREZA SERBIA, Trkulja Ivan ,   JSC ELEKTROMREZA SERBIA
Published: February 2024

The paper considered the situation in which the investor attempted to apply for the connection of the wind power plant with the installed capacity of 10 MW to the distribution system. However, the application was denied, with the justification that the system could only take 7 MW in that connection point. The two possible options that were explored in the paper were the reduction of the plant’s installed capacity to 7 MW and the continuation of the connection process of the 10 MW plant, with the inclusion of the software limitation that would prevent the production power from exceeding 7 MW. The assessment of the variant solutions was performed both from the technical and from the economic point of view, enabling the full overview of the problem before proceeding into the comparative analysis of the alternatives. The selected period was one-year long, with an hourly resolution adopted during the calculations.
Perfil alimentar e nutricional de indivíduos adultos e idosos e litíase renal
Authors: Wagner Débora Adriana Knoll , Oliveira Olvania Basso , Dallepiane Loiva Beatriz , Franz Ligia Beatriz Bento
Published: February 2024

A nefrolitíase pode ser considerada um problema de saúde pública, pois afeta a economia e a saúde da população, e é de alta prevalência e recorrência.  A formação de cálculos urinários pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores que incluem obesidade, a ingestão de líquidos, hereditariedade, idade, gênero, bem como alterações da dieta. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os hábitos de consumo alimentar de doze indivíduos que já apresentaram litíase ao longo da vida, e comparar estes resultados com a literatura.  Estudo do tipo transversal, em adultos, de ambos os sexos a partir de 18 anos de idade. Para este trabalho, o recorte utilizado foi apenas com os pacientes portadores de litíase. Dos indivíduos deste estudo, mais da metade apresenta Índice de Massa Corporal e circunferência da cintura elevada para idade. Metade dos indivíduos não consome água adequadamente. Mais da metade relata possuir algum histórico familiar de litíase renal, e alguma patologia associada. Conclui-se que dieta adequada, pobre em alimentos ricos em sódio e proteína animal, rica em frutas legumes e verduras, adequada em nutrientes, e rica em líquidos hidratantes, pode ser útil na prevenção de litíase urinária.
Ảnh hưởng của môi trường dinh dưỡng và chu kỳ chiếu sáng đến sự phát triển của tảo Chaetoceros calcitrans
Authors: Thủy Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Bình Mạc Như
Published: February 2024

Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định ảnh hưởng của môi trường dinh dưỡng và chu kỳ chiếu sáng đến phát triển của tảo Chaetoceros calcitrans. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã cho thấy trong 3 môi trường dinh dưỡng F/2, Walne, TT3 thì tảo Chaetoceros calcitrans nuôi ở môi trường Walne đạt mật độ cực đại cao nhất ở ngày nuôi thứ 9 (279,16 ± 1,55 x104 tế bào/mL), có pha cân bằng dài hơn. Tảo nuôi ở môi trường F/2, TT3 đạt mật độ cực đại cùng ngày thứ 9 nhưng mật độ thấp hơn lần lượt là 253,75 ± 0,42 x104 tế bào/mL và 238,57 ± 0,65 x104 tế bào/mL. Thí nghiệm nuôi tảo ở 4 chu kỳ chiếu sáng khác nhau 12/24 giờ, 16/24 giờ, 20/24 giờ và 24/24 giờ cho thấy tảo Chaetoceros calcitrans nuôi ở chu kỳ chiếu sáng 24/24 giờ đạt mật độ cực đại cao nhất và sớm nhất ở ngày nuôi thứ 7 (290,76 ± 0,76 x104 tế bào/mL). Trong khi đó tảo ở chu kỳ chiếu sáng 12/24 giờ, 16/24 giờ và 20/24 giờ đều cùng đạt mật độ cực đại chậm hơn 1 ngày với mật độ lần lượt là 253,76 ± 0,85 x 104 tế bào/mL, 223,16 ± 0,57 x 104 tế bào/mL và 209,17 ± 0,43 x 104 tế bào/mL. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tảo Chaetoceros calcitrans phát triển tốt nhất ở môi trường Walne với chu kỳ chiếu sáng 24/24 giờ.
Đặc trưng phân bố loài ba kích (morinda officinalis how.) theo các yếu tố địa lý và sinh thái ở khu vực Trung Trung Bộ
Authors: Đức Trần Minh , Thắng Trần Nam , Hùng Lê Thái , Hợi Nguyễn , Yến Văn Thị , Thành Phạm , Cảnh Trần Quốc , Diễn Đinh , Trung Lê Nguyễn Thới , Quế Hoàng Thị Hồng
Published: February 2024

Nghiên cứu này cập nhật thông tin về đặc điểm phân bố địa lý của loài ba kích (Morinda officinalis How.) ở khu vực Trung Trung bộ, từ đó kết nối các dữ liệu có liên quan để xác định đặc điểm sinh thái của loài và các vấn đề cần ưu tiên nghiên cứu phục vụ mục tiêu bảo tồn và phát triển quần thể. Tại khu vực Trung Trung bộ, Việt Nam, loài cây dược liệu ba kích phân bố ở vùng gò đồi và núi thấp ở các tỉnh Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, Thừa Thiên Huế và Quảng Nam. Đặc trưng khí hậu của các địa phương có ba kích: nhiệt độ trung bình từ 21 - 25oC; độ ẩm trung bình từ 83 - 89%; lượng mưa trung bình năm từ 2.000 – 3.500 mm; Độ cao phân bố tập trung của loài từ 100 - 750 mét so với mực nước biển. Độ dốc phổ biến từ 15 - 20 độ. Ba kích xuất hiện trên đất feralit màu đỏ vàng từ đá sét và biến chất (Fs) và đất feralit màu vàng đỏ từ đá macma axít (Fa) với độ dày tầng đất trung bình. Trạng thái thực bì là trảng cây bụi và rừng tự nhiên thường xanh nghèo đến trung bình. Độ tàn che tầng cây gỗ phổ biến từ 0,2 - 0,4. Hầu hết các quần thể đã bắt gặp trong quá trình điều tra có phạm vi phân bố không gian hẹp, mật độ cá thể thấp, tình trạng tái sinh tự nhiên không thực sự khả quan. Hiện thời, tác động tiêu cực do con người lên các quần thể chưa thực sự phổ biến, chủ yếu do khai thác quá mức. Trên cơ sở các kết quả đó, nghiên cứu cũng đã xây dựng được bản đồ thích nghi của loài. Đây sẽ là cơ sở cho việc lập quy hoạch, kế hoạch cho việc đầu tư phát triển các mô hình bảo tồn và phát triển cây dược liệu quý dưới tán rừng.