bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of a bacterial Rhs effector exported by the type VI secretion system
Authors: Günther Patrick , Quentin Dennis , Ahmad Shehryar , Sachar Kartik , Gatsogiannis Christos , Whitney John C. , Raunser Stefan
Published: January 2022

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread protein export apparatus found in Gram-negative bacteria. The majority of T6SSs deliver toxic effector proteins into competitor bacteria. Yet, the structure, function, and activation of many of these effectors remains poorly understood. Here, we present the structures of the T6SS effector RhsA from Pseudomonas protegens and its cognate T6SS spike protein, VgrG1, at 3.3 Å resolution. The structures reveal that the rearrangement hotspot (Rhs) repeats of RhsA assemble into a closed anticlockwise β-barrel spiral similar to that found in bacterial insecticidal Tc toxins and in metazoan teneurin proteins. We find that the C-terminal toxin domain of RhsA is autoproteolytically cleaved but remains inside the Rhs ‘cocoon’ where, with the exception of three ordered structural elements, most of the toxin is disordered. The N-terminal ‘plug’ domain is unique to T6SS Rhs proteins and resembles a champagne cork that seals the Rhs cocoon at one end while also mediating interactions with VgrG1. Interestingly, this domain is also autoproteolytically cleaved inside the cocoon but remains associated with it. We propose that mechanical force is required to remove the cleaved part of the plug, resulting in the release of the toxin domain as it is delivered into a susceptible bacterial cell by the T6SS.
Emergência das políticas de descentralização em matéria de educação: uma contextualização histórica e legislativa em Portugal
Authors: Silva Ana Filipa , Vieira Ismael
Published: January 2022

As ideias de descentralização e de valorização do poder local emergiram nas décadas de 1960 e 1970 como alternativa à centralização. Encarada como uma resposta de proximidade política, a descentralização foi vista como uma forma de permitir uma satisfação mais eficaz e eficiente das necessidades do dia-a-dia dos cidadãos.Deste modo, as autarquias passaram a intervir no campo educativo, tendo‑se assistido a uma crescente responsabilização e envolvimento destas nesta matéria, através da delegação de competências para os Municípios, bem como na celebração de contratos de autonomia com as escolas.Com este estudo pretende‑se discutir de um ponto de vista histórico e legislativo as lógicas da administração local e compreender o papel do Município na administração e gestão da Educação, desde o 25 de abril até a atualidade. Para tal, recorremos principalmente a bibliografia específica acerca do tema e fontes legislativas, utilizando do ponto de vista metodológico pesquisa e análise documental.
Interflúvio Tedo/Távora (norte da Beira-Alta), um possível território de fronteira na Pré e Proto-História
Authors: Canha Alexandre Jorge
Published: January 2022

Neste trabalho ensaia-se a perceção das dinâmicas territoriais numa longa diacronia entre o 4º e o 1º milénio a.C. entre o Planalto da Serra da Nave e o Planalto de Penedono, apresentando-se o interflúvio Tedo/Távora como um delimitador destes dois contextos geomorfológicos, cada um deles com as suas especificidades, mas também com evidentes semelhanças e traços comuns. Para o efeito faz-se uma análise em ambos os planaltos de algumas das arquiteturas e materialidades mais representativas e contrastam-se os resultados.No que às arquiteturas diz respeito, analisa-se o padrão de dispersão das construções funerárias. O registo arqueológico destas estruturas deteta-se a partir do 4º milénio até inícios do 1º milénio. Do “mundo dos vivos” serão genericamente analisados contextos habitacionais e outras formas de apropriação e marcação da paisagem (contextos não funerários).Quanto às materialidades, efetua-se uma breve análise aos padrões de dispersão daquelas mais abundantes e caracterizadoras dos diferentes momentos cronológicos. Considerando que não são abundantes os sítios escavados, serão tidas em conta, principalmente as referentes a achados de superfície, nomeadamente aquelas que possuem matrizes decorativas.
Análisis arqueométrico, contextual e iconográfico de piezas de ámbar romano localizadas en Augusta Emerita (Mérida, Badajoz)
Authors: Bustamante Macarena , Murillo-Barroso Mercedes , Sabio Gutiérrez Rafael
Published: January 2022

El ámbar fue un material altamente valorado por la sociedad romana, sobre todo en época Julio-Claudia, según las fuentes escritas. No obstante, son pocas las piezas conocidas de este material en la Hispania romana. En el presente trabajo damos a conocer nueve objetos de ámbar de diverso tipo precedentes de dos lotes recuperados en la antigua Augusta Emerita.Además de su análisis iconográfico, morfológico, funcional y contextual, se presentan los resultados de su caracterización arqueométrica por Espectrometría de Infrarrojos por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), que revelan su procedencia báltica. Se plantea también la posibilidad de que la officina de manufactura se localice en Aquitania, llegando a Hispania como objetos ya acabados.
Azulejos sevilhanos inéditos do Paço Real de Évora
Authors: De Morais Sarmento Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Apresenta-se um conjunto de azulejos sevilhanos do antigo Paço Real em Évora, exumados aquando de uma intervenção de acompanhamento no largo 1º de Maio, situado nesta cidade. Pretende-se, com este estudo, enquadrar o contexto histórico em que se inserem, bem como explicar de que modo estavam aplicados, que padrões formavam, a sua origem e produção e, finalmente, analisar as relações decorativas que estabelecem com outros padrões já conhecidos.
Retrospective analysis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Thailand with emphasis on hematological and ultrasonographic changes
Authors: Angkanaporn Kris , Sanguanwai Jidapha , Baiyokvichit Taratip O. , Vorrachotvarittorn Pichamon , Wongsompong Montana , Sukhumavasi Woraporn
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tropical endemic tick-borne disease that causes fatality or chronic infection involving many organs in dogs. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and hematological and ultrasonographic changes in the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and spleen following CME infection. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used 30,269 samples collected from dogs at the hematology section of the pathology unit of a university veterinary hospital and 35 samples collected from dogs at the diagnostic imaging unit. CME was determined using the buffy coat smear method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and odds ratios. Results: CCl4 The data revealed that the average yearly prevalence of CME was 1.32%. Risk factors contributing to CME infection were a tick on the body during physical examination, lack of ectoparasite control, and outdoor living. All 148 dogs with CME infection had low platelet counts. The percentages of CME-infected dogs with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and both enzymes above the normal range were 33.6%, 65.9%, and 29.8%, respectively. The rates for elevated serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and both compounds were 33.1%, 19.1%, and 17.3%, respectively. The most common ultrasonographic changes were liver abnormalities (hyperechogenicity or hypoechogenicity, hepatomegaly, and hypoechoic nodules), hyperechogenicity of the kidneys, and an enlarged spleen. These ultrasonographic changes were consistent with the hematology results, which showed a greater elevation of serum liver enzyme levels than renal enzymes. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic changes during CME infection and after treatment with doxycycline can help to monitor and identify persistent pathological changes in the target organs resulting from immune response to CME.
Predictors of Seizure Recurrence in Solitary Calcified Neurocysticercosis in Relation to Computed Tomography Scan: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Singla Shinu , Garg Ravindra K , Verma Rajesh , Malhotra Hardeep S , Rizvi Imran , Kumar Neeraj , Uniyal Ravi , Pandey Shweta , Parihar Anit , Sharma Praveen
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Solitary calcified neurocysticercosis (NCC) on the computed tomography (CT) scan of brain in patients of epilepsy is common finding in endemic regions. Factors causing seizures in such cases are debatable. Immature calcification may be the causative factor for seizure recurrence. Thus, we aimed to study predictors of seizure recurrence specific to morphological characteristics on CT scan.Methods: Patients with solitary calcified NCC on CT scan brain and active seizures were prospectively included. The protocol included clinical evaluation, contrast-enhanced CT scan of the brain, and electroencephalogram (EEG) at baseline and 9th month of 1-year follow-up in all patients. Seizure recurrence after 1 week of enrolment was recorded.Results: One hundred twenty patients with a mean age of 23.33±12.81 years were included with a final follow-up of 109 patients and 35 patients had seizure recurrence. On univariate analysis, seizure frequency of more than 1 episode/month (45.7% vs. 25.7%, p=0.037; odds ratio [OR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-5.68), perilesional edema on CT head (45% vs. 10.8%, p<0.001; OR, 6.95; 95% CI, 2.58-18.7), lower density (HU) of lesion on CT head (139.85±76.54 vs. 204.67±135.9 HU p=0.009) and abnormal EEG at presentation (p<0.001; OR, 18.25; 95% CI, 2.15-155.13) were significantly associated with seizure recurrence. On multivariate analysis, presence of perilesional edema on CT head (p=0.001; OR, 6.854; 95% CI, 2.26-20.77), density of lesion on CT (HU) (p=0.036; OR, 0.995; 95% CI, 0.99-1) and abnormal EEG (p=0.029; OR, 12.125; 95% CI, 1.29-113.74) were independently associated with seizure recurrence.Conclusions: The presence of perilesional edema, HU of calcification on CT brain, and abnormal EEG suggest an increased risk of seizure recurrence in patients of epilepsy with solitary calcified NCC.
A Rare Case of 3:1 Alpha Variant
Authors: Lee Seolah , Lee Sang Kun
Published: January 2022

Since the first documentation of slow alpha variants in Goodwin et al., there has been a single case report with an actual electroencephalography (EEG). However, any further case has not been reported since then, and neurologists are still unfamiliar with its presence due to its scarcity. Here, we present a rare case of 3:1 subharmonic alpha variant in a hope to acquaint EEG interpretations and speculate upon its benign nature.
The Spatial Model of Paddy Productivity Based on Environmental Vulnerability in Each Phase of Paddy Planting
Authors: Susanti Rahmatia , Supriatna S. , Rokhmatulah R. , Manessa Masita Dwi Mandini , Poniman Aris , Ramadhani Yoniar Hufan
Published: January 2022

The national primary always growth and increase in line with the increase in population, such as the rise of rice consumption in Indonesia.  Paddy productivity influenced by the physical condition of the land and the declining of those factors can detected from the environmental vulnerability parameters. Purpose of this study was to compile a spatial model of paddy productivity based on environmental vulnerability in each planting phase using the remote sensing and GIS technology approaches. This spatial model is compiled based on the results of the application of two models, namely spatial model of paddy planting phase and paddy productivity. The spatial model of paddy planting phase obtained from the analysis of vegetation index from Sentinel-2A imagery using the random forest classification model. The variables for building the spatial model of the paddy planting phase are a combination of NDVI vegetation index, EVI, SAVI, NDWI, and time variables. The overall accuracy of the paddy planting phase model is 0.92 which divides the paddy planting phase into the initial phase of planting, vegetative phase, generative phase, and fallow phase. The paddy productivity model obtained from environmental vulnerability analysis with GIS using the linear regression method. The variables used are environmental vulnerability variables which consist of hazards from floods, droughts, landslides, and rainfall. Estimation of paddy productivity based on the influence of environmental vulnerability has the best accuracy done at the vegetative phase of 0.63 and the generative phase of 0.61 while in the initial phase of planting cannot be used because it has a weak relationship with an accuracy of 0.35.
Keterpaparan Program GenRe (Generasi Berencana) dan Perilaku Pacaran Remaja Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Siswantara Pulung , Rachmayanti Riris Diana , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Bayumi Febrianti Qisti Arrum , Religia Wandera Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Background: According to Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN), adolescents are aged 10-24 years and are not married. Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2018 showed around 58.8% of adolescents aged 10-19 years had been married and had had a pregnancy. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) results revealed that risk behavior among male junior and senior high school students was around 8.06%, and female were 4.17%. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the Planning Generation (GenRe) Program knowledge and adolescents’ characteristics with dating experience in East Java Province. Method: This research was a cross-sectional study. Secondary data were collected from the 2019 Program Performance and Accountability Survey (SKAP) and were analyzed descriptively with cross-tabulation and chi-square tests. The risk estimate calculation was also carried out to identify the Odd Ratio (OR). The sample used was 5,300 adolescents in East Java Province after weighting. The research variables consisted of dating behavior in adolescents, age, gender, and adolescents' knowledge about GenRe, HIV/AIDS, drugs, and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Adolescent Reproductive Health Program.Results: The results showed that 41.80% of adolescents in East Java had dated. There was a significant correlation between dating behavior with adolescents’ knowledge about GenRe, HIV/AIDS, drugs, and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Adolescent Reproductive Health Program (P-Value = 0.00). Dating behavior also had a significant correlation with age (P-Value = 0.00) and gender (P-Value = 0.00). This study concluded that there was a correlation between dating behavior in adolescents in East Java Province with age, gender, and adolescents’ knowledge about GenRe, HIV/AIDS, drugs, Sexually Transmitted Infection (STIs), and Adolescent Reproductive Health Program. They were strengthening the GenRe program through the introduction, explanation of program activities, and the process of youth involvement. So far, teenagers only know the name of the GenRe program. This action needs to be applied to prevent negative effects caused by dating behavior, such as premarital sex, unwanted pregnancy, and early marriage.
The crystal structure of 2,2′-((1E,1′E)-hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methaneylylidene))bis(4-chlorophenol), C14H10Cl2N2O2
Authors: Fan Xu , Liu Ke-Xiang , Zhu Hong-Yu , Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Lin
Published: January 2022

C14H10Cl2N2O2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.165(12) Å, b = 7.192(13) Å, c = 7.829(15) Å, α = 74.97(2)°, β = 81.92(2)°, γ = 79.84(2)°, V = 328.3(11) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0312, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0859, T = 296(2) K.
An overview of in silico methods used in the design of VEGFR-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents
Authors: Bhandare Richie R. , Bakchi Bulti , Sigalapalli Dilep Kumar , Shaik Afzal B.
Published: January 2022

VEGFR-2 enzyme known for physiological functioning of the cell also involves in pathological angiogenesis and tumor progression. Recently VEGFR-2 has gained the interest of researchers all around the world as a promising target for the drug design and discovery of new anticancer agents. VEGFR2 inhibitors are a major class of anticancer agents used for clinical purposes. In silico methods like virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, pharmacophore modeling, and other computational approaches help extensively in identifying the main molecular interactions necessary for the binding of the small molecules with the respective protein target to obtain the expected pharmacological potency. In this chapter, we discussed some representative case studies of in silico techniques used to determine molecular interactions and rational drug design of VEGFR-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents.
Recent developments in the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of acridine and xanthine-based molecules
Authors: Majhi Sasadhar
Published: January 2022

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and development of abnormal cells which is a major cause of death in both advanced and emerging countries. Although currently chemotherapy is most broadly used among an extensive range of anti-cancer therapies, it includes many demerits, such as highly toxic, side-effects, expensive and partial lack of targeting specificity. So the design and synthesis of new molecules that perform specifically on target proteins in tumor cells is a focus of contemporary research. So many researchers aim for new drugs that will be more efficient, more selective, and less toxic. Because of the interesting structures and significant biological profile, naturally occurring acridines and xanthines as well as their analogues have attracted considerable interest in researchers and technologists. Natural and synthetic acridine derivatives form a significant category of heterocycles having nitrogen that is of considerable interest for organic chemists and biological communities due to their attractive anti-cancer activity. Another important class of therapeutic agents with diverse biological properties including cytotoxic effects is xanthine derivatives which are collectively called xanthines (a group of alkaloids). Among many significant molecules based on the structure of the purine, there is a group of natural xanthines, involving theobromine, caffeine, and theophylline and analogues of xanthine display anti-cancer activity. Hence the present chapter wishes to concentrate the attention on the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of acridine and xanthine-based compounds brilliantly.
Investigation on the Shear Behavior of Rough Rock Joints Prepared by Three-Dimensional Engraving Technique
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Zhu Xi , Yao Chi , Ouyang Shu , Yang Jianhua , Jiang Qinghui
Published: January 2022

Laboratory shear test is an important and widely used method to investigate the shear behavior of rock joints, and the preparation of joint specimens is a key factor that influences test results. In order to study the shear mechanism of rough rock joints with different morphologies in the laboratory, an innovative three-dimensional (3D) engraving technique was employed to produce specimens with rough joints. Intact sandstone and cement mortar blocks were used as model materials. The engraving parameters were determined to ensure a satisfactory engraving precision and to save as much time as possible for an engraving process. Three Barton profiles with joint roughness coefficient (JRC) values of 2.8, 10.8, and 18.7 were selected as the morphology prototypes for automatically engraving the model material blocks to obtain rough joint specimens. Shear tests were then conducted under four normal stress levels in the laboratory. In addition, numerical simulations on joints with the same physico-mechanical properties, surface morphology, and boundary conditions as the joint tested in the laboratory were performed. The failure characteristics, shear behavior curves, and shear strength obtained from numerical and experimental studies were analyzed considering the effect of joint materials, joint roughness, and applied normal stress. The shear mechanism of rough joints was investigated, and the analysis indicated that the results of shear tests by simulation and experiment were similar. The results revealed that it is feasible to make rough joints by engraving either real rocks or commonly used model materials (e.g., cement mortar).
Production of dissolving grade pulp from tobacco stalk through SO2-ethanol-water fractionation, alkaline extraction, and bleaching processes
Authors: Huang Caoxing , Sun Runkun , Chang Hou-min , Yong Qiang , Jameel Hasan , Phillips Richard
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of producing dissolving grade pulp from tobacco stalk through combining SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation, alkaline extraction, and bleaching with oxygen (O), chlorine dioxide (D), alkaline extraction with hydrogen peroxide (Ep), and hydrogen peroxide (P) (OD0(Ep)D1P). The results showed that the optimum SEW cooking condition to remove the original xylan and lignin in tobacco stalk to an acceptable level was 6% SO2 charge (by weight) at 135 °C for 180 min. A bleachable pulp (Kappa number of 21.5) was produced from the SEW-treated tobacco stalk via a subsequent 1% NaOH extraction. After the OD0(Ep)D1P sequence bleaching, the bleached pulp showed a high brightness (88.1% ISO) and a high α-cellulose content (94.9%). The viscosity (15.8 cP) and the residual xylan content (4.4%) of the pulp were within acceptable levels for dissolving pulp production. Thus, tobacco stalk was shown to be a viable raw material for dissolving pulp production following a SEW treatment, alkaline extraction, and a conventional bleaching sequence.
Olbian Perirantheria
Authors:   Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Deputy Director, Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Buiskykh Alla , Shevchenko Tetiana ,   Junior Research Fellow of the Department of Archaeology of the Lower Buh region, National Historical and Archaeological Reserve «Olbia» of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2022

From Olbia’s excavations comes a series of ceramic and stone, mostly marble, large open vessels in the shape of shallow bowls, which were installed on high pedestals. On ceramic vessels the stamped decor on the outside of the edge; it usually consisted of several relief belts – Ionic cymatium (ovolos), one or two pearl cords; in the case of marble vessels, only profiling was marked on the outer side of the edge. Such vessels in the modern literature are interpreted as perirantheria. According to the conditions of the finds and the style of the ornament, the earliest of the known vessels belong to the late Archaic period. The peak of their usage falls on the 5th century BCE. In Olbia, perirantheria have been found in two cult sites, the Western and Southern temenoi, the botroses, and the cultural strata. Their belonging to the cult inventory is unconditional. A wide range of analogies, known from the monuments of the Mediterranean, indicate that the perirantheria were intended for sacred water, which was used for ritual ablutions before and after the sacrifices. Traces of burning on a ceramic vessel originating from the Western Temenos suggest that at some stage of its operation it could be used as an altar for burning offerings. In the late Classical and Hellenistic periods, louteria became a part of everyday life – identical in shape water vessels, also made of ceramics and stone, mostly marble, but smaller in size. These vessels stood on high pedestals, often designed as fluted columns. The context of such finds is mainly related to residential buildings in both the Mediterranean and Olbia, which suggests a change in their functional usage. In addition, the study of the Olbian collection of ritual vessels opens another unknown page in the nomenclature of goods brought to Olbia.
The Glass Beaker With Eclectic Features From Burial No. 112 of the Shyshaky Cemetery
Authors:   PhD, Senior Researcher, Institute of Archaeology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Reida Roman , Heiko Anatoliy ,   PhD, Head of departament, Institute of Keramology – of the Ethnology Institute, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sapiehin Sergiy ,   Senior Researcher, Museum-Reserve A. S. Makarenko, Kaskova Ludmila ,   Doctor of medical sciences, professor, Head of the Departament of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry with Prevention of Dental Diseases, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Artemev Andriy ,   PhD, Assistant of the Department of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry with Preventive Dental Diseases, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy
Published: January 2022

In 2014 the burial No. 112 was excavated on the territory of the Shyshaky cemetery of Scythian period and Cherniakhiv culture. A woman aged about 18—20 was buried there. The interesting fact is that this woman had 34 teeth (18 on the upper jaw and 16 on the lower jaw). Near the right hand of the woman a conical glass cup with a capacity of 0,6 liters was found. The item is decorated with glass drops of different colours: amber, light-blue and deep blue. Polychromy of coloured drops is common for wares of the west Roman workshops. The scheme of ornaments and the quality of this item indicate that it was made in the later period. There are no analogies and that’s why here we can mention a new type of glass cups with coloured drops the «Shyshaky-112 type». Obviously, the burial No. 112 belongs to the group of the latest burials of the Shyshaky cemetery. It is difficult to date this burial correctly because there are no analogies of such items. However, it is reasonable to assume that this complex belongs to the Nuns time (the end of the 4th — first part of the 5th centuries) The rite of placing glass and clay cups into the hands of dead people was stated only at the Shyshaky cemetery and is not common for other sites of Cherniakhiv culture. It is also interesting that such cups were found only in the burials of women (112, 39, 60). Maybe such a rite is connected with representation of local people about the dead women taking part in ritual feasts. The presence of this glass cup of provincial-Roman production in the burial No. 112 proves that there were military and trading relations between provinces of Roman Empire and barbarians. It also should be mentioned here that local people stayed on the same territory and they didn’t have significant decline after the arrival of the Huns. It is possible that the presence of items of provincial-Roman production (glass cups) indicates that local people took part in campaigns of the Huns to the provinces of the Roman Empire.
Coronavirus: ¿Desinfectar o no desinfectar? Esa es la pregunta
Authors: Pérez-López Edel
Published: January 2022

La rápida transmisión de SARS-CoV-2, agente causal de COVID-19 está causado una gran crisis mundial. La ciencia está enfocándose en la rápida elaboración de una vacuna, pero hay otros aspectos que mientras tanto, deben ser investigados. Te presentamos recientes descubrimientos sobre la estabilidad de SARS-CoV-2 en aerosol y superficies.
Phenology of the endangered palm Ceroxylon quindiuense (Arecaceae) along an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
Authors: Martínez Blanca , López Camacho René , Castillo Luis Santiago , Bernal Rodrigo
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Understanding the phenology of plant populations is vital for their conservation and management. We studied the vegetative and reproductive phenology of the endangered palm Ceroxylon quindiuense along an altitudinal gradient in the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Objective: We describe the leaf production rate, and flowering and fruiting cycles, and calculate food offer for the fauna, as a tool for the proper management of the palm. Methods: At each sampling site (2 400, 2 600, 2 800, 3 000 m.a.s.l.), we marked 40 adult individuals (20 pistillate, 20 staminate), which we followed bimonthly for 24 months. We studied leaf production by counting fallen leaves. We followed flower and fruit production through observations with binoculars and photographs. Results: Each adult individual produced, on average, one leaf every 61 days. Although isolated individuals flowered throughout the year, most palms flowered synchronously at each elevation in October 2016-August 2017 and in August 2018-February 2019 and had ripe fruits 7-13 months later. Flowering started at 2 600 m, followed by 2 800 and 3 000 m. Palms at 2 400 m, the lower limit of the palm stands in the area, showed a singular behavior, with scarce flower and fruit production, some individuals that changed sex, and a higher proportion of pistillate palms. Each palm produced 1-11 (x̄ = 5.3, SD = 2.2) inflorescences and 1-10 (x̄ = 5.3, SD = 2.2) infructescences. The average number of fruits per infructescence was 4 465 (SD = 1 488). With an estimated population of adult palms between 256 000 and 600 000 and an overall ratio of pistillate: staminate individuals 1:1 or 1:2, total fruit production in the area during each fruiting period is estimated as 2.0-7.1 billion fruits. Conclusions: The huge number of flowers and fruits and their gradual availability along the altitudinal gradient have a major impact on the spatial and temporal distribution of food offer for fauna associated with the palm.
Bibliometrics of Cambodian Science: subjects, researchers and impact in the Science Citation Index Expanded
Authors: Monge-Nájera Julián , Yi Siyan , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cambodia is a small agricultural tropical country for which only two small scientometric studies, published five years ago, were available until now. Objective: To identify, for Cambodian research, subjects, outlets, authors, institutions, citations and recommendations. Methods: The data were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (January 04, 2021) using the word “Cambodia” for the period 1972 to 2019. Results: We retrieved 3 689 documents: for the half century covered, the yearly presence of Cambodia in the index has grown strongly, to 325 articles and 6 555 authors in 2019 alone. Most documents are articles in English about health, particularly infectious and tropical diseases. Most international collaboration is done, by country, with the USA, France, and Thailand; and by institution, with Mahidol University, the Pasteur Institute and Oxford University. The most productive institutions are the Cambodian Ministry of Health and the Cambodian National Center for Parasitology. The main outlets are PLoS One, Malaria and PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Cambodian articles are cited for up to 33 years, with a peak of 4.5 citations within the first two years. Those in English, or from well-funded foreign projects, have more citations in this particular index; especially if they are about malaria, hepatitis or influenza. Conclusions: The nature and impact of Cambodian science outside the SCI-EXPANDED remain unknown, but publications in that index have increased, concentrate on solving local problems, and depend heavily on international collaboration, following a well-known pattern of science in tropical countries. We suggest a funding system based on international peers who assign funds to the most productive researchers with minimal bureaucracy, so that local research is done on a greater variety of topics and with less participation of Cambodian researchers as low-level members in foreign projects.
Biochemical reference intervals in broiler chickens according to age and strain
Authors: Arzour-Lakehal N. , Boudebza A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The objective of the research was to study the physiological pattern of biochemical variables and to obtain reference intervals for young (less than 1 month) and adult (more than 1 month) broiler chickens of 2 strains. From the jugular vein, blood for analysis was collected, separated, and then immediately analyzed. The influence of age was significant for the majority of the investigated variables in the 2 groups. In Isa15 strain, a significant age-related decrease in plasma uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphorus, potassium and iron was established. Also, a significant age-related increase in plasma calcium and ASAT was obtained in the same broiler strain. In Arbor Acres Plus strain, a significant age-related decrease in plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and phosphorus was observed. A significant age-related increase in plasma total protein, calcium and ASAT has also been reported in this broiler strain. A significant difference between the two strains was reported for plasma uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, phosphorus, magnesium and iron (p<0.05). For most estimated parameters in the 2 strains, calculation of separate reference intervals for young and adult animals was appropriate. Except for potassium in young Isa15 strain, and phosphorus in young Arbor Acres Plus strain, all variables did not follow a normal distribution. Reference intervals are presented for both ages using non-parametric or robust method. 90% confidence intervals for both groups were calculated non-parametrically, or by the bootstraping method. The established reference intervals will be a useful guide for interpreting plasma biochemical variables in different strains of broiler chickens raised in Algeria, and reared in a mild Mediterranean climate.
Effect of different fattening period duration on meat productivity of domestic quails
Authors: Lukanov H. , Pavlova I. , Genchev A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The study was conducted with 224 domestic quails from the specialized meat-type WG line. The duration of fattening period and sex on productive traits, slaughter traits and meat quality of quails was evaluated. The study has shown that the longer duration of the fattening period in quails from the meat-type line WG was associated with lower production efficiency, with more reduction after the 35th day of life. The production efficiency in male quails was lower compared to that in females. The dispersion analysis demonstrated that the determination of 72.2% and 69.6% of dressed carcass weight and deboned meat weight, respectively, depended on fattening period duration (p<0.001). When fattening increased from 28 to 42 days, the amount of feed necessary for one bird increased by 73% and 87%, corresponding to increased costs by 64.5% and 77%. For production of 1 kg dressed quail carcasses, the necessary feed increased by 42.3-45.8% on a weight basis and by 35-37.7% on a cost basis. For production of 1 kg deboned quail meat, corresponding increases are by 42.1-49.5% and 34.8-41.2%, respectively. The period between 28 and 35 days of age was the most appropriate for planning slaughter of WG quails. During that period, the economic efficiency, although already declining, was still within acceptable limits and the increase in quantitative traits in both sexes – still relevant, making the produce more attractive for consumers. With age, the changes in colour characteristics of M. pectoralis superficialis result in darkening of meat (p<0.001). Thus, it assumes nuances specific rather for game meat. This effect is desirable, as it improves the commercial presentation of domestic quail meat in line with consumers’ attitudes.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial and anti-Varroa destructor L. activity of the essential oil of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae)
Authors: Mekademi K. , Kebour D. , Ouchene-Khelifi N.A. , Ouchene N.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Antimicrobial and anti-Varroa destructor L. activity of the essential oil (EO) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae) was evaluated in this study. Antimicrobial activity concerned 9 bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli ATCC 25911, Staphylococcus aureus 29213 ATCC, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sakazakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter sp.), a fungal strain (Penicillium sp.) and a yeast species (Candida albicans). The extraction of the EO was carried out by the method of hydrodistillation. Results showed that EO has no toxicity on bees Apis mellifera. EO demonstrated effective and stable anti-V. destructor activity, indicating the absence of possible resistance, in contrast to what was observed for Amitraz. The inhibitory activity of EO revealed an inhibition zone of diameter varying between 20 mm and 42 mm for bacteria. However, no inhibition zones were observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC. The inhibitory activity of EO on Penicillium sp and Candida albicans revealed an inhibition zone of 39 mm in diameter. This study shows that the EO of cloves constitutes a simple and natural treatment, without inconveniences, with a high activity antimicrobial and anti-Varroa destructor which merits it to be proposed as a means to fight against varroosis and the tested pathogens.
Bronwen Neil, Dreams and Divination from Byzantium to Baghdad, 400–1000 CE, Oxford Studies in the Abrahamic Religions.
Authors: Costache Doru
Published: January 2022

Bronwen Neil, Dreams and Divination from Byzantium to Baghdad, 400–1000 CE, Oxford Studies in the Abrahamic Religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. xiv + 230, ISBN: 978-0-19-887114-9 (hbk). $85.
UNIT AND UNITARY CAYLEY GRAPHS FOR THE RING OF EISENSTEIN INTEGERS MODULO \(n\)
Authors: Jahani-Nezhad Reza , Bahrami Ali
Published: January 2022

Let \({E}_{n}\) be the ring of Eisenstein integers modulo \(n\). We denote by \(G({E}_{n})\) and \(G_{{E}_{n}}\), the unit graph and the unitary Cayley graph of \({E}_{n}\), respectively. In this paper, we obtain the value of the diameter, the girth, the clique number and the chromatic number of these graphs. We also prove that for each \(n>1\), the graphs \(G(E_{n})\) and \(G_{E_{n}}\) are Hamiltonian.
A Novel Approach for Data Scraping and Sentiment Analysis from Twitter using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Nandy Alekhya , Das Panchajanya , Bhowmik Sudeshna , Biswas Subham , Sen Gupta Rajdeep , Mandal Sandip
Published: January 2022

In this paper we propose a method to analyze the sentiments of a user on a particular topic on the basis of their tweets. This method breaks up the texts into words, remove all the unnecessary stop words and then using a dictionary determines the sentiments by grouping certain words
together. Using Tokenization it first splits those tweets into smaller units and using lemmatization it reduces the infected words to meaningfulwords before comparing those with the dictionary elements. Our purpose is to establish perceptive links between tweets and public sentiment for a
better understanding of the public opinion. In this paper we present two applications of this method: recognizing depression in tweets and recognizing mass opinion. In the first application we use certain keywords to search for tweets that tend towards depression and our program analyzes the
exact sentiments of the tweet to confirm the existence of depression. In the second application, tweets regarding a certain topic are scraped and they are analyzed together to give a result that represents the public opinion.
Implementing a self Driven Edge Avoiding Robot ------------ Using Arduino
Authors: Pal Sudipta Basu , Maji Amit Kumar , Hazra Rohit
Published: January 2022

Robot navigation requires the guidance of a mobile robot through the desired path to the desired goal avoiding obstacles and hazards encountered in an unknown environment. Detection and avoidance of obstacles, collisions and hazardous situations are in the first place. However, path
planning and arrival at the desired goal is also an essential part of the reliable and secure navigation of mobile robots. Planning the optimal path requires optimization of specific navigation performance, such as the minimum time until the robot reaches desired goal with a minimum of control,
but also requires to comply with certain restrictions in robot motion, such as avoiding obstacles with the maximum speed of the robot. Now, the requirement for avoiding the collision with obstacles in the environment, the robots should be equipped with a sensor system that will enable the
detection of these obstacles. Information obtained from sensors is used in obstacle avoidance strategies or in strategies for finding the best solution in case of the robot's emergency stop before the collision. In this research paper authors have tried to develop an edge avoiding robot and
explained clearly the usefulness of the newly developed robot.
Analysis of Security and Privacy In Social Media Platforms
Authors: Kundu Prerana , Kundu Pabitra , Mallik Sohini , Bhowmick Srimoyee , Mandal Pratim , Banerjee Hritam , Pal Sudipta Basu
Published: January 2022

With advancements in fields of science and technology, communication has become quite faster and more efficient. As the popularity of several social media apps continues to grow among the population of both young and old, telephonic communication is being gradually replaced by these
powerful social apps. Apart from standard communication, these apps are also utilized for sharing news, academic scriptures, images, files, music, movies, etc. In conclusion, we might state that our lives have got linked with these apps in massive amounts. Social media platforms contain numerous
information about us, in certain cases, even more than we can figure. These apps have emerged to access a certain amount of power and control upon us. So, this massive amount of information needs to be protected, for the breach of the same could harm the basic privacy and security rights of
any human being. In this paper, we will try to make a thorough study on different threats and issues regarding our privacy and security and analyze certain precautionary measures.
MediFi; An IoT based Wireless and Portable System for Patient's Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Saradwata , Singh Akash Kumar , Sharma Sunil Kumar , Das Rajrupa , Halder Angira , Kumari Arju , Mandal Sandip , UEM Kolkata
Published: January 2022

This paper represents an IoT based wireless portable healthcare system which can continuously monitor patient's heart rate, body temperature, SpO2 and keep track of the steps without visiting the hospital at the emergency hour. These sensors are connected to a NodeMCU development board
to read the vitals of the patient and the output displayed on the OLED display. All Data is synced from the device to the cloud using Wi-fi or SIM Card IoT module (in case Wi-Fi is not available). The data is stored in cloud storage for future references. It enables the medical records or
anamnesis for the family members to monitor the real- time data 24/7 using mobile. The system allows physicians to immediate precautions and autogenerate prescription.
A ADMINISTRAÇÃO POLÍTICA: EPISTEMOLOGIA, METODOLOGIA E ESTADO DA ARTE
Authors: Cristaldo Rômulo Carvalho
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Este artigo visa contribuir para a apreciação e sistematização da produção de conhecimento a partir do movimento da administração política. O objetivo principal é o de mapear o alcance e as características da perspectiva estudada por meio de um estudo bibliométrico. Para tanto, elaborou-se uma exposição do volume e vazão da produção sobre administração política no Brasil. Além disso, foram analisados aspectos metodológicos e epistemológicos das publicações. Chega-se à conclusão que a administração política é uma abordagem sociológica híbrida, na qual a matriz analítica se apresenta como dominante. pode-se afirmar que se trata de um campo em seus estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, com comprovações empíricas ainda incipientes e predominância de estudos ensaísticos, teóricos ou exploratórios.
ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: A TRAJETÓRIA BRASILEIRA E O CONTEXTO LOCAL EM PORTO ALEGRE (RS)
Authors: Martins Maique Berlote , Carbonai Davide
Published: January 2022

RESUMO A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é considerada internacionalmente como um fator de benefício aos sistemas universais de saúde. No Brasil é regulamentada pela Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB) e nos últimos quatro anos tem sofrido reformas expressivas em suas diretrizes, alterando a forma como estes cuidados à saúde são implementados nos municípios. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória da política de APS no Brasil e compreender o cenário local no município de Porto Alegre/RS. Com base em um estudo qualitativo e descritivo, foram analisados documentos oficiais sobre a APS (legislação federal e instrumentos normativos). Também, tivemos como fonte de dados o Plano Municipal de Saúde 2018-2021, o Relatório Anual de Gestão de 2020 e uma entrevista com uma gestora municipal da APS de Porto Alegre. Na trajetória nacional, reformas recentes indicam uma aproximação ao modelo mais seletivo de APS, maior flexibilização para parcerias com prestadores de serviço e redução da atuação comunitária. Em Porto Alegre, percebe-se uma fragmentação da gestão entre as Organizações Sociais do setor hospitalar, acompanhando as reformas nacionais e mudando expressivamente o desenho de funcionamento da APS.
CONFIANÇA INTERPESSOAL E CONFIANÇA ORGANIZACIONAL COMO ANTECEDENTES DOS COMPORTAMENTOS DE CIDADANIA ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Andrade Taís de , Estivalete Vânia de Fátima Barros , Malheiros Michel Barboza , Rossato Vanessa Piovezan
Published: January 2022

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar a influência dos antecedentes contextuais Confiança Interpessoal (CI) e Confiança Organizacional (CO) sobre os Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional (CCO). Por meio de uma survey. Foram investigados 988 trabalhadores do setor educacional pertencentes a treze organizações de ensino privadas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no ano de 2017. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com o apoio do software SPSS e AMOS, por meio da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE). Os principais resultados encontrados expõem a relação de influência da Confiança Interpessoal e Organizacional sobre os Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional. As reflexões que emergem com os achados desta pesquisa, sugerem que o contexto social assume um papel central no estímulo aos comportamentos cooperativos e discricionários nas organizações. Observou-se também, que foram empreendidos avanços ao trazer esta discussão para o campo das instituições do setor educacional, as quais exercem um papel social, político e econômico ímpar. Para os gestores em educação, uma maior compreensão dos antecedentes contextuais sobre o CCO pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos voltados à cooperação, por meio do maior envolvimento entre os indivíduos e apoio da instituição à participação e valorização das contribuições dos trabalhadores do setor.
INTERAÇÕES E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NA ÁREA DE SEGURANÇA
Authors: Figueiredo Sabrina Oliveira de , Pascuci Lucilaine Maria
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Um dos principais desafios da gestão de políticas públicas está em transformar intenções em ações. Trata-se de um sistema complexo caracterizado por agentes autônomos, multiplicidade de atores, interesses conflitantes, poder compartilhado, entre outros aspectos que geram uma lacuna entre formulação e implementação. Neste contexto, a dinamicidade das interações e a maneira com que elas são administradas têm implicações essenciais nos resultados. Este estudo explora conceitos de políticas públicas, interações e sistemas adaptativos complexos para analisar como as interações determinadas por sistemas justapostos e sistemas frouxamente articulados influenciaram o desenvolvimento de uma Política Pública de Segurança. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, observação não participante e documentos, e foram analisados por meio de técnicas de análise de narrativa e análise documental. Resultados revelaram que, embora a formulação da política pública represente um sistema justaposto e a sua implementação, um sistema frouxamente articulado, a excessiva sistematização e dificuldades estruturais próprias da gestão pública limitam o alcance dos resultados. O alcance de resultados mais efetivos perpassa a formação de redes de interações que equilibrem padrões formais com a flexibilidade necessária para permitir contribuições advindas da capacidade de aprendizado dos implementadores.