bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster approach to the study of population health risks posed by contamination of food products with heavy metals
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, Gorbachev D.O.
Published: June 2024

Food products are a source of energy and essential substances but also of anthropogenic contaminants such as heavy metals. The aim of the study was to assess population health risks posed by contamination of food products with heavy metals, taking into account peculiarities of food preferences. An epidemiological study of actual nutrition of adult population of Samara region was conducted, the sample size was 1,856 people. At the first stage, using factor analysis, respondents' adherence to a certain model of food preferences was established; at the second stage, 5 homogeneous groups (clusters) of people with similar types of nutrition were formed using cluster analysis. The first cluster included individuals with maximum commitment to a high level of consumption of all studied foods; the second cluster was characterized by commitment to consumption of high-calorie foods such as baked goods, confectionery, sausages, potatoes, eggs, and cheese. Individuals from the cluster 3 showed a distinct preference for consumption of vegetables, fruit and dairy products. Individuals from the cluster 4 had no special preferences for any of the studied foods. The fifth cluster included people who had maximum preference for meat and meat products, smoked meats, pickles and salted fish. The content of cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic in food products was assessed via atomic absorption and photometric methods. The study relied on using social and hygienic monitoring data from the Samara Regional Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights and Human Wellbeing) collection. Risk assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects was carried out in each of the five formed clusters taking into account modern methodological approaches. It was found that in all food clusters, the hazard coefficients for intake of contaminants in median concentrations and in the 90th percentile did not exceed permissible levels. In all clusters, the endocrine system was most at risk (HI = 1.68 ÷ 1.25). For all clusters, carcinogenic risk (for median concentrations) was created by arsenic both at the individual and the population level. The risk was the highest for people whose diets were characterized by high levels of consumption of high-calorie products. Cluster approach makes it possible to identify the most vulnerable groups of population in terms of risk burden for making managerial decisions and carrying out preventive measures.
Substantiation of ways to reduce contamination by bacteria of the genus Cronobacter of dry specialized products for baby food during their production
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ust’inskii proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Polyanina А.S. , Bykova I.B. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ust’inskii proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Simonenko E.S. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition for Children, the Branch of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 48 Moskovskaya St., Istra, 143500, Russian Federatio, Efimochkina N.R. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ust’inskii proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Sheveleva S.А. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ust’inskii proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Prevention of morbidity in the child population from septic foodborne infections caused by the new bacterial pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii (according to the new classification - Cronobacter spp.) is becoming increasingly relevant due to an expanding contingent of susceptible individuals and the proven ability of low doses of the pathogen to quickly increase a population in dry specialized products for formula feeding after rehydration. In this regard, it is important to assess the risk of accumulation of thermoresistant coliform enterobacteria, including Cronobacter spp., in residual microflora of such products during their production in order to determine ways to minimize it. To identify a hazardous factor in specialized infant formula of domestic production, we summarized and analyzed expert data on contamination of 245 samples of infant formula and 182 cereals with the entire spectrum of coliform enterobacteria, which were previously identified as Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.). Cronobacter spp. was detected in 4 samples of instant formula (1.6 %) in amounts ranging from 0.04 to 0.5 CFU/g, which is above the hazardous level (≥ 0.003 CFU/g) for susceptible children. No pathogen was isolated from dry mixtures for cooking and instant porridges produced by dry mixing but the content of heat-resistant Enterobacter spp. was 10 times higher than those produced during the full cycle. Using a risk process model and assuming the content of coliforms in raw milk at the level of the regulated microbial number, probability of pathogen survival in dry mixtures was assessed under standard parameters of spray drying technology. The calculation results showed that under this scenario of raw material contamination, 0.3–0.5 CFU of heat-resistant E.sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) can be retained in 1 g of a finished product. This substantiates the necessity to introduce the strongest possible requirements for the microbiological quality of raw milk.
The risk of colorectal cancer incidence in a cohort of individuals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors:   Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, 19 Ozerskoe shosse, Ozersk, 456780, Russian Federation, Zhuntova G.V. , Bannikova M.V. ,   Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, 19 Ozerskoe shosse, Ozersk, 456780, Russian Federation, Azizova T.V. ,   Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, 19 Ozerskoe shosse, Ozersk, 456780, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The increased risk of colorectal cancer following ionizing radiation exposure was demonstrated in a number of epidemiological studies. Earlier, no impact of occupational radiation exposure on colorectal cancer incidence or mortality was observed in a cohort of workers of the nuclear industrial facility, Mayak Production Association (PA). Extension of the follow-up of the cohort and improvement of dose estimates for personnel made it possible to update the earlier findings. The study objective is to assess the risk of colorectal cancer incidence associated with chronic occupational radiation exposure taking into account non-radiation factor effects. The study cohort included 22,377 workers employed at the reactor, plutonium-producing and radiochemical plants of Mayak PA (hiring period 1948–1982; follow-up period ended on December 31, 2018). Using the Poisson regression (EPICURE software), the relative risks (RRs with 95 % confidence intervals, (95 % CI)) of colorectal cancer incidence were estimated depending on the most significant non-radiation factors (sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, excessive body mass and obesity, intestinal polyps, chronic colitis). These values were also calculated for certain ranges of occupational exposure doses relying on data provided by ‘The Mayak Worker Dosimetry System – 2013’. The linear model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship. In the study cohort, the RR of colorectal cancer incidence was lower in females than in males: 0.72 (95 % CI: 0.55; 0.96) for colon and 0.48 (95 % CI: 0.34; 0.67) for rectum. The increased RR of the rectum cancer incidence was observed for cases with intestinal polyps: 3.42 (95 % CI: 1.68; 6.19). The colon cancer incidence risk increased with increasing age of workers, but other non-radiation factors were not shown to affect the results. This study supported the earlier results: no association was observed between the risk of colorectal cancer incidence and doses of occupational external gamma-ray or internal alpha-particle exposures.
Assessment of the risk of developing cardiovascular pathology in medical university students
Authors:   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, 10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036, Russian Federation, Popov V.I. , Bolotskih V.I. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, 10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036, Russian Federation, Makeeva A.V. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, 10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036, Russian Federation, Gubin A.I. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, 10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036, Russian Federation, Anufrieva E.I. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, 10 Studencheskaya St., Voronezh, 394036, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Diseases of the cardiovascular system (hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure) occupy leading places in the overall pathology structure. A specific feature is a growing share of young people who suffer from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the total population. This is facilitated by physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, elevated stress levels as well as genetic predisposition. Identification of leading risk factors at the latent stage can make for timely diagnostics of cardiovascular pathology in young people. This, in its turn, allows implementing relevant prevention as well as adjusting therapies thereby improving quality of life of each individual patient. Given that, the aim of this study was to assess risk factors causing CVDs in medical university students; to determine severity of existing cardiovascular disorders as well as their relationships with factors that may have caused them. Eight hundred and seventeen students participated in the study. They all took part in a survey to identify risks of developing CVDs with certain adjustments made to an applied questionnaire to adapt it for use among students. Also, the study involved assessing basic anthropometric parameters (height, weight, and body mass index (BMI)), hypertension in family case history, physical activity, time spent with gadgets (use of smartphone), and alcohol consumption. The study revealed that 30 % of the examined people had overweight; more than 54 % abused alcohol; 53 % of the respondents mentioned elevated stress levels. All this creates significantly elevated risks of cardiovascular diseases as well as their complications for young and middle-aged people. The study results clearly indicate elevated risks of cardiovascular pathology and this requires correction of risk factors at an early stage.
Medical students’ migration intentions: Risk factor and challenge for the healthcare system in Kyrgyzstan
Authors:   Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the First President of Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin, 44 Kievskaya St., Bishkek, 720021, Kyrgyz Republic, Kasiev N.K. , Vishniakov D.V. ,   International Higher School of Medicine (IHSM), 1F Intergel’po St., Bishkek, 720054, Kyrgyz Republic
Published: June 2024

Physician migration challenges healthcare systems in developing countries. The “Irish paradox” phenomenon, where doctor shortages persist despite numerous medical graduates, is emerging in Kyrgyzstan (KR). Limited research on this exists in Central Asia. The study explores medical students' migration intentions, offering insights for regional and global health authorities. A cross-sectional study surveyed 526 final-year medical students in KR. We analyzed demographic characteristics, intentions to work abroad, future professional preferences, and “Pull and Push” factors for migrations that might influence students’ decision to migrate. 86.1 % expressed willingness to emigrate. Intention to migrate was categorized by certainty of migration: 12.5 % “leave KR”, 14.5 % “highly likely to leave KR”, and 59.1 % “might leave KR”. 13.9 % decided to stay in KR. The significant predictors of migration were marriage and rural living; the main migration destinations were Russia (41.5 %), Kazakhstan (18.8 %), and the EU (11.5 %). Pull and push factors significantly differed among groups. The main limitations of the study arose from the nature of the observational study. The study results are alarming, uncovering the potential scale of physican migration in Central Asia. The majority of medical graduates in KR plan to migrate, posing a threat to healthcare sustainability. The presence of the "Irish paradox" amplifies the pressure on these processes in the country and should be considered in the development of migration policy. Monitoring students' intentions provides timely information for adjusting migration programs promptly, and the combined score of Pull and Push factors might serve as an express test to address the challenge more effectively. Migration programs should be developed jointly with the Russian Federation, as the main destination and give priority to professional development in the group with low migration intentions.
Prognosis of suicidal risk among law enforcement officials including military personnel
Authors:   Military Innovative Technopolis “ERA”, 41 Pionerskii Ave., Krasnodar Krai, Anapa, 353456, Russian Federation, Shchelkanova E.S. , Nazarova M.R. ,   Military Innovative Technopolis “ERA”, 41 Pionerskii Ave., Krasnodar Krai, Anapa, 353456, Russian Federation, Gudimov I.M. ,   Military Innovative Technopolis “ERA”, 41 Pionerskii Ave., Krasnodar Krai, Anapa, 353456, Russian Federation, Galkin N.A. ,   Military Innovative Technopolis “ERA”, 41 Pionerskii Ave., Krasnodar Krai, Anapa, 353456, Russian Federation, Zhurbin E.A. ,   Military Innovative Technopolis “ERA”, 41 Pionerskii Ave., Krasnodar Krai, Anapa, 353456, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Suicide is a major medical and social concern for law enforcement, a contemporary army included, not only in Russia but abroad as well. In recent years, frequency of suicides and suicidal attempts has been growing among law enforcement officials (LEOs), military personnel included. Therefore, it seems relevant to develop a model for predicting suicide risk. In this study, our aim was to develop a model for predicting suicide risk in LEOs based on express testing results. Our research object was represented by LEOs (n = 591), their average age being 23.71 ± 1.12 years. To assess suicide risk, we used a questionnaire for suicide risk assessment ‘SSR-2’, which is a part of DAP-2 methodology for deviant behavior research, and a clinical-psychopathological method. LEOs’ personality characteristics and their current psychophysiological state were identified by using vibration imaging, a technology for recording and mathematically analyzing micro-vibrations of the head and face. It has certain advantages over its analogues. We determined psychophysiological characteristics, basic abilities (types of Gardner’s multiple intelligence) and moral qualities that differed in people with elevated suicide risk against the control. We identified a difference between unconscious reactions of the examined people to stimuli and declared (conscious) ones, which indicates that LEOs tend to hide any signs of suicidal behavior in them. A mathematical model was built for predicting suicide risk: we developed an integral suicide risk assessment and created a probabilistic nomogram that makes it possible to establish likelihood of suicidal behavior signs with accuracy above 98 % relying on results obtained by a 5-minute express test. Use of this predictive model helps identify those people among personnel who should undergo a profound check-up by a psychological support team. Our research results can serve as a basis for creating an objective concept for diagnostics of suicide risk factors in LEOs.
Modelos de desarrollo, el buen vivir y derechos de «otra naturaleza». El caso de Bolivia, Colombia y Ecuador
Authors: Zeballosf-Cuathin Adrian
Published: June 2024

El propósito de este trabajo es explicar la gestión de las tensiones entre los modelos de desarrollo y los derechos de «otra naturaleza» en algunos Estados latinoamericanos. Alcanzar el objetivo planteado exige la adopción de un tipo de investigación descriptiva, coadyuvada con un enfoque normativo y con una metodología cualitativa de revisión bibliográfica. Se pudo constatar que los modelos de desarrollo alternativos propuestos y aplicados por las colectividades indígenas, como el sumak kawsay o buen vivir, ayudan a gestionar dichas tensiones de manera efectiva al establecer límites razonables entre la necesidad de desarrollo y la eficacia de los derechos.
Unveiling the Potential of Piper cubeba L. f.: A Comprehensive
Review Covering its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Cutting-edge
Applications
Authors: Singh Sonia , Sharma Khushi
Published: June 2024

Cubeb, often referred to as Piper cubeba (Piperaceae), has a long history in traditional
herbal medicine, particularly in the management of digestive and respiratory disorders. The plant
is a valuable source of essential oils, which are very important economically and are mostly found
in its fruits. Recent research has validated many of the traditional applications and their bioactive
components, highlighting their antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties.
This article presents a contemporary summary of bioactive compounds and the pharmacological
properties of plants. It also explores the potential of plant P. cubeba for future applications
in promoting health and nutrition.
Syntheses, Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity Evaluation of Schiff Base Derivates from O-Vanillin
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, State of Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Hanapi Ahmad , Ningsih Rachmawati ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, State of Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Nafiah Sri Ani ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, State of Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Nadhiroh Ainun ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, State of Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Oktavianti Fatin ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, State of Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Published: June 2024

Three Schiff bases (1a, 1b, and 1c) have been prepared from the reaction of o-vanillin with primary amine (aniline, p-toluidine, and p-anisidine). Schiff base derivates from o-vanillin were synthesized using the grinding method for 20 minutes. Physical properties were observed based on color, melting point, and solubility. Synthesis products were also characterized using FTIR, GCMS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The antioxidant activity of the Schiff base was tested using DPPH. While the toxicity test uses the BSLT method. The result of this synthesis and characterization Schiff base (1a, 1b, and 1c) showed that the Schiff base compound was formed into 2-methoxy-6 (phenyliminomethyl) phenol; 2-methoxy-6- (((4-methylphenyl) imino) methyl) phenol; and 2-methoxy-6-(((4-methoxyphenyl) imino) methyl) phenol. The result of NMR analysis, on 1H-NMR spectrum showed the shift chemical at 8,5-8,6 ppm which indicates the typical peak of proton (-HC=N-). Meanwhile, the 13C-NMR spectrum shown the shift chemical at 160-162 ppm which indicates the typical peak of carbon (-C=N-). The result of antioxidant activity showed that all Schiff base was antioxidant quite low ability with value of EC50 is 106.2-196.4 ppm. Meanwhile, the result of toxicity test showed that all Schiff base was anticancer with an LC50 value of 9.99-22.29 ppm.
Enhancing analytical thinking in grade 8 science education: Integrating 5E inquiry-based and 5W1H techniques
Authors:   Department of Science, Bankaewittayayon School, Kalasin Province, Thailand, Udonsathian T. , Worapun W. ,   Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University, Kham Riang, Thailand
Published: June 2024

This research investigates how combining the 5E Inquiry-Based Approach with the 5W1H technique can improve analytical thinking skills among eighth-grade students. This action research included two educational sessions following a detailed teaching plan, targeting 36 eighth-grade students who scored below 70% in their placement tests. The teaching plan was adjusted and improved throughout the research. The analysis of the collected data showed that students' analytical thinking skills were significantly enhanced. Furthermore, students reported finding this combined method helpful, especially in building on what they already knew and learning to ask meaningful questions. The study underlines the success of this approach and its contribution to developing new teaching strategies in science education. It suggests areas for future research and practical application in teaching, highlighting the need for student-focused teaching methods and support to fully realize students' abilities. This study points out the value of merging the 5E and 5W1H methods to develop comprehensive skills and improve the learning experience in modern classrooms.
Human Health Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Mismanagement: A Review
Authors: de Titto Ernesto , Savino Atilio
Published: June 2024

Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is frequently not properly performed. Whenever this happens, those working in the different stages of the process, as well as residents close to the dumps, face health risks. Here, we revised the documented evidence of emissions liberated during MSW management and associated health problems to investigate if systematic and reproducible relationships can be established. Besides substances released during collection and transportation, various toxic substances, predominantly in small amounts, can be released in the leachate and the biogases liberated in the disposal of MSW. Activities in the dump produce fine and coarse particles that are dispersed through the air and can enter the respiratory system, causing a series of adverse health effects, as shown by an increase in the demand for health services and the presence of respiratory symptoms and exacerbations of chronic processes. On the contrary, all the studies on the risk of developing some form of cancer by populations living in the vicinity of a waste dump have not been able to conclusively identify a causal or even circumstantial relationship that such a risk exists. Besides, no systematic association between residence near a landfill and any adverse outcome of childbirth has been found. However, the assessment of potential health effects is uncertain because of their diversity, the varied means of exposure, the uncertainty associated with exposures to low amounts of toxins when they occur over long periods, the potential synergies of various pollutants, the difficulty in establishing direct relationships between the toxicants emitted and health problems, the necessary arbitrariness in the delimitation of the dispersion area of the toxics and the practical impossibility of identifying other sources of exposure that could have some share of responsibility in the emerging health, as well as the lack of control of confounding factors like social deprivation, the lack of data on migrations to or from the most critical areas that affect exposure times or considerations about latency periods in pathologies such as cancer that does not usually manifest until years after exposure.
Reforming China’s Secondary Vocational Medical Education: Adapting to the Challenges and Opportunities of the AI Era
Authors: Tong Wenting , Zhang Xiaowen , Zeng Haiping , Pan Jianping , Gong Chao , Zhang Hui
Published: June 2024

China’s secondary vocational medical education is essential for training primary health care personnel and enhancing public health responses. This education system currently faces challenges, primarily due to its emphasis on knowledge acquisition that overshadows the development and application of skills, especially in the context of emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This article delves into the impact of AI on medical practices and uses this analysis to suggest reforms for the vocational medical education system in China. AI is found to significantly enhance diagnostic capabilities, therapeutic decision-making, and patient management. However, it also brings about concerns such as potential job losses and necessitates the adaptation of medical professionals to new technologies. Proposed reforms include a greater focus on critical thinking, hands-on experiences, skill development, medical ethics, and integrating humanities and AI into the curriculum. These reforms require ongoing evaluation and sustained research to effectively prepare medical students for future challenges in the field.
Software Testing of eHealth Interventions: Existing Practices and the Future of an Iterative Strategy
Authors: Obigbesan Oyinda , Graham Kristen , Benzies Karen M
Published: June 2024

eHealth interventions are becoming a part of standard care, with software solutions increasingly created for patients and health care providers. Testing of eHealth software is important to ensure that the software realizes its goals. Software testing, which is comprised of alpha and beta testing, is critical to establish the effectiveness and usability of the software. In this viewpoint, we explore existing practices for testing software in health care settings. We scanned the literature using search terms related to eHealth software testing (eg, “health alpha testing,” “eHealth testing,” and “health app usability”) to identify practices for testing eHealth software. We could not identify a single standard framework for software testing in health care settings; some articles reported frameworks, while others reported none. In addition, some authors misidentified alpha testing as beta testing and vice versa. There were several different objectives (ie, testing for safety, reliability, or usability) and methods of testing (eg, questionnaires, interviews) reported. Implementation of an iterative strategy in testing can introduce flexible and rapid changes when developing eHealth software. Further investigation into the best approach for software testing in health care settings would aid the development of effective and useful eHealth software, particularly for novice eHealth software developers.
Development of a Real-Time Dashboard for Overdose Touchpoints: User-Centered Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Salvi Amey , Gillenwater Logan A , Cockrum Brandon P , Wiehe Sarah E , Christian Kaitlyn , Cayton John , Bailey Timothy , Schwartz Katherine , Dir Allyson L , Ray Bradley , Aalsma Matthew C , Reda Khairi
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Overdose Fatality Review (OFR) is an important public health tool for shaping overdose prevention strategies in communities. However, OFR teams review only a few cases at a time, which typically represent a small fraction of the total fatalities in their jurisdiction. Such limited review could result in a partial understanding of local overdose patterns, leading to policy recommendations that do not fully address the broader community needs.

OBJECTIVE

This study explored the potential to enhance conventional OFRs with a data dashboard, incorporating visualizations of touchpoints—events that precede overdoses—to highlight prevention opportunities.

METHODS

We conducted 2 focus groups and a survey of OFR experts to characterize their information needs and design a real-time dashboard that tracks and measures decedents’ past interactions with services in Indiana. Experts (N=27) were engaged, yielding insights on essential data features to incorporate and providing feedback to guide the development of visualizations.

RESULTS

The findings highlighted the importance of showing decedents’ interactions with health services (emergency medical services) and the justice system (incarcerations). Emphasis was also placed on maintaining decedent anonymity, particularly in small communities, and the need for training OFR members in data interpretation. The developed dashboard summarizes key touchpoint metrics, including prevalence, interaction frequency, and time intervals between touchpoints and overdoses, with data viewable at the county and state levels. In an initial evaluation, the dashboard was well received for its comprehensive data coverage and its potential for enhancing OFR recommendations and case selection.

CONCLUSIONS

The Indiana touchpoints dashboard is the first to display real-time visualizations that link administrative and overdose mortality data across the state. This resource equips local health officials and OFRs with timely, quantitative, and spatiotemporal insights into overdose risk factors in their communities, facilitating data-driven interventions and policy changes. However, fully integrating the dashboard into OFR practices will likely require training teams in data interpretation and decision-making.
KRITIK TERHADAP PERPU DI MASA PANDEMI: PEMBATASAN HAK TANPA KEDARURATAN
Authors: Nalle Victor Imanuel W.
Published: June 2024

Abstract
After establishing a public health emergency with Presidential Decree No.11 of 2020, President Joko Widodo issued a Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2020 (Perppu No.1 of 2020). Perppu No. 1 of 2020 was like becoming emergency legislation by suspending the right to examine government administration decisions. This article criticizes the arguments that place Perppu No. 1 of 2020 as emergency legislation which then allows the violation of the rule of law or suspends the rights of citizens. This article uses the comparative law method by examining the concept of fast-track legislation in the UK and Ecuador and comparing it to the concept of emergency legislation as a basis for criticism of the Perppu no. 1 of 2020. This criticism is carried out from the perspective of both emergency legislation and fast-track legislation. This article shows that the Perppu No. 1 of 2020 should be classified as limited as fast track legislation that cannot suspending citizens’ rights.
 
Intisari
Setelah menetapkan darurat kesehatan masyarakat dengan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 11 Tahun 2020, Presiden Joko Widodo menetapkan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2020 (Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2020). Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2020 seolah-olah menjadi legislasi darurat dengan menangguhkan hak untuk menguji keputusan administrasi pemerintahan. Artikel ini mengkritik argumen yang menempatkan Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2020 sebagai legislasi darurat yang kemudian memungkinkan penyimpangan aturan hukum atau menangguhkan hak warga negara. Artikel ini menggunakan metode perbandingan hukum dengan mengkaji konsep legislasi jalur cepat di Inggris dan Ekuador dan membandingkannya dengan konsep legislasi darurat sebagai dasar kritik bagi konsep Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2020. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2020 seharusnya diklasifikasikan sebatas sebagai legislasi jalur cepat yang tidak dapat menangguhkan hak warga negara.
MENAFSIRKAN PANCASILA: WEWENANG PEMERINTAH ATAU PERAN WARGA NEGARA? SUATU TELAAH DARI PERSPEKTIF HERMENEUTIKA KRITIS HABERMASIAN
Authors: Cornelius Conrado M.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This article aims at offering an ideal theory of interpreting Pancasila as a state ideology in a context of a democratic society. This essay is arguing against the notion that Pancasila should be interpreted by the Government. In doing so, the author examines the merits of such notion from a legal and philosophical standpoint. The former focuses exclusively on the question of legality, whereas the latter on hermeneutics. This article offers an alternative theory of interpreting Pancasila that is built on a Habermasian Critical Hermeneutics. This article argues that any interpretation on ideology—including Pancasila—should be situated in a deliberative democracy that is directed at emancipating the interpreter, that is the People of Indonesia. At the end of this article, this Article concludes that not only such an interpretation is made possible by law, but it is also philosophically justified.
Abstrak
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan sebuah teori yang ideal untuk menafsirkan Pancasila sebagai sebuah ideologi negara. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa Pancasila tidak dapat ditafsirkan oleh Pemerintah. Untuk mencapai kepada kesimpulan tersebut, tulisan ini menyajikan suatu diskusi dari dua macam sudut pandang, yakni dari perspektif hukum dan filsafat. Dari perspektif hukum, fokus utama diarahkan pada permasalahan legalitas, sedangkan perspektif filsafat memiliki fokus pada hermeneutika. Berdasarkan dua macam perspektif tersebut, tulisan ini mengajukan sebuah alternatif penafsiran atas Pancasila yang didasarkan pada Hermeneutika Kritis Habermasian. Tulisan ini berpendapat, bertolak dari perspektif Hermeneutika Kritis Habermasian, bahwa segala bentuk penafsiran terhadap ideologi—karenanya juga Pancasila—harus ditempatkan dalam situasi demokrasi yang deliberatif yang bertujuan untuk mengemansipasi penafsirnya, yakni masyarakat Indonesia. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah bahwa penafsiran Pancasila oleh masyarakat Indonesia tidak hanya dimungkinkan secara hukum,  tetapi juga dibenarkan secara filosofis.
QUO VADIS PERLINDUNGAN HAK KESEHATAN BAGI PEROKOK PASIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rajasa Fitria Marsha Qitara , Adhi P. Nugroho
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia currently holds the third position with the greatest number of active smokers. This number is supported by the contribution of the tobacco industry to the national economy and the behaviour that the citizens have. Ironically, Indonesia is the only country in Southeast Asia that does not ratify WHO’s FCTC citing sovereignty as the main reason. Even if domestic laws such as PP 109/2012 have tried to control tobacco consumption, it was deemed ineffective to protect the right to health of the citizens, most importantly passive smokers. The latter needs to be highlighted as they are not the ones who consume the harmful substance, yet they suffer more than active smokers. This research is normative research that will emphasize the urgency of protecting health rights for passive smokers in Indonesia. The result of this research shows that Indonesia tried to protect the right to health of passive smokers by imposing no-smoking zones but since the regulations are regional, it lacks harmonization and ultimately failed to pursue their aim. In any case, Article 8 of the FCTC provides a measure to protect people from tobacco smoke with annual surveys that helps the Member States to fully protect the right to health of passive smokers among other measures to protect the right to health of passive smokers.
Abstrak
Indonesia menduduki peringkat ketiga dengan jumlah perokok aktif terbanyak di dunia. Jumlah ini didukung kontribusi industri tembakau terhadap perekonomian nasional dan perilaku yang dimiliki penduduk Indonesia. Ironisnya, dengan kondisi yang demikian Indonesia justru adalah satu-satunya negara di Asia Tenggara yang tidak meratifikasi FCTC WHO dengan alasan utama kedaulatan. Regulasi dalam negeri seperti PP 109/2012 nyatanya juga tidak efektif untuk melindungi hak atas kesehatan warga negara, terutama perokok pasif. Hal ini menjadi ironi mengingat pada faktanya bukan para perokok pasif yang mengonsumsi zat berbahaya tersebut namun mereka lebih mendapatkan dampak buruk daripada perokok aktif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang akan menjawab bagaimana urgensi pelindungan hak kesehatan bagi perokok pasif di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kendatipun Indonesia berusaha melindungi hak atas kesehatan perokok pasif dengan memberlakukan zona larangan merokok tetapi karena peraturannya bersifat regional, tidak ada harmonisasi dan masih belum meratanya regulasi di tiap daerah menghambat implementasi perlindungan tersebut. Hal ini yang perlu dijadikan urgensi ratifikasi FCTC mengingat pada Pasal 8, FCTC memberikan serangkaian tindakan untuk melindungi warga negara dari asap tembakau dengan mekanisme pengawasan tahunan yang membantu Negara-negara Anggota untuk sepenuhnya melindungi hak atas kesehatan dalam hal ini para perokok pasif sebagai salah satu cara untuk melindungi hak kesehatan perokok pasif.
THE RECENT CHALLENGED DEVELOPMENT TO IMPLEMENT UNCLOS 1982'S COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND
Authors: Merdekawati Agustina , Marsudi Triatmodjo  , Hasibuan Irkham Afnan Trisandi
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) principle was adopted in UNCLOS 1982 to prevent monopoly of the Area utilization by developed countries. Applying the principle has been challenging and would only get even more challenging during the economic globalization era. There have been rapid changes within the structure of the international community, posing challenges to the implementation of the CHM principle in the area. This paper aims to elaborate on these challenges in the economic globalization era. The research identified that the economic globalization era posed some new and enhanced challenges in applying the principle in the area, questioning its relevance. These challenges are the shifting interests of some developing countries and the increased pressure to obtain more mineral resources to accelerate the conversion to green technologies. The research concluded that the international community is faced with two choices, either to maintain the application of the CHM principle without taking further compromising steps to maximize the goal of achieving the welfare of humanity or re-adjusting the operationalization of the CHM principle in UNCLOS 1982 to adapt to changes in the international community in the era of economic globalization. Abstrak
Prinsip Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) diadopsi dalam UNCLOS 1982 untuk mencegah monopoli pemanfaatan Kawasan Dasar Laut Internasional (Kawasan) oleh negara-negara maju. Penerapan prinsip CHM merupakan sebuah tantangan dan akan menjadi lebih menantang dalam era globalisasi ekonomi. Terdapat perubahan dalam struktur masyarakat internasional, yang akan menimbulkan tantangan bagi penerapan prinsip CHM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan tantangan- tantangan tersebut di era globalisasi ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa era globalisasi ekonomi memunculkan beberapa tantangan yamg baru dan lebih menantang dalam penerapan prinsip CHM di Kawasan, mempertanyakan relevansinya. Tantangan tersebut adalah pergeseran kepentingan beberapa negara berkembang dan meningkatnya tekanan untuk memperoleh lebih banyak sumber daya mineral guna mempercepat konversi ke teknologi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa komunitas internasional menghadapi dua pilihan, yakni antara tetap mempertahankan penerapan prinsip CHM tanpa mengambil kompromi lebih lanjut untuk memaksimalkan potensi manfaat bagi seluruh umat manusia, atau menyesuaikan penerapan prinsip CHM dalam UNCLOS 1982 sebagai respons terhadap perubahan yang terjadi di komunitas internasional dalam era globalisasi ekonomi.
RETHINKING “ELECTRONIC AGENT” TERMINOLOGY IN THE LAW ON ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND TRANSACTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN LASTGEVING LAW
Authors: Priancha Angga , Khairunnisa Ardia , Caroline Tasya , Sephia Gilang
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The definition of “Electronic Agent” in Law of Electronic Information and Transaction (ITE Law) raised questions from the perspective of Agency Law (in Indonesia known as lastgeving). ITE Law construct that “Electronic Agent” is “a device of an electronic system that is made to do an action on a certain Electronic information automatically which is organized by person.” This construction of saying “Electronic Agent” as a device can be criticized through the perspective of agency law which agent usually refers to legal subject. The doctrine of agent in Indonesia is known as “as an act of giving a power of attorney” or “lastgeving.” Lastgeving is defined as a legal relationship between two legal subjects, where one subject gives his authority to another legal subject to do a certain action on behalf of the principal. This means, in concept, agent is a legal subject (legal entity) and not a legal object (object/device) which is constructed by ITE Law. This article will discuss how the adequacy of “Electronic Agent” terminology is used in the ITE Law from the perspective of Indonesia Lastgeving law. In discussing the issues stated above, this article uses the normative legal studies methodology.
Abstrak
Definisi “Agen Elektronik” dalam Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU Elektronik) menimbulkan pertanyaan dari sudut pandang Hukum Keagenan (di Indonesia dikenal sebagai Lastgeving). UU ITE mengkonstruksikan pemahaman “Agen Elektronik” sebagai sebuah “perangkat dari suatu Sistem Elektronik yang dibuat untuk melakukan suatu tindakan terhadap suatu Informasi Elektronik tertentu secara otomatis yang diselenggarakan oleh Orang.” Pengkonstruksian Agen Elektronik sebagai sebuah perangkat ini dapat dikritisi menyimpang dari konsep keagenan pada umumnya yang mengacu sebagai sebuah subjek hukum. Konsep agen atau di Indonesia secara doktrin dikenal sebagai “hukum pemberian kuasa” atau “lastgeving.” Lastgeving didefinisikan sebagai hubungan hukum antara dua orang, dimana sang agen diberikan kepercayaan untuk melakukan suatu hal atas nama sang principal. Yang berarti, agen adalah sebuah subjek hukum (orang) dan bukan objek hukum (barang/perangkat) seperti yang dikonstruksikan oleh UU ITE. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana ketepatan penggunaan terminologi “agen elektronik” didalam UU ITE melalui perspektif hukum pemberian kuasa atau lastgeving Indonesia. Dalam mambahas isu tersebut, artikel ini akan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif.
SOME DEBATES OF HERMENEUTIC AND LEGAL INTERPRETATION: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF HANS-GEORG GADAMER PHILOSOPHICAL HERMENEUTICS
Authors: Silalahi Artha Debora
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics is rooted in the idea that interpretation, understanding, or meaning cannot take place outside of historical and social contexts. This approach challenges the traditional view of law as an autonomous and rational discourse, emphasizing the importance of dialogue and ethical deliberation in legal interpretation. Gadamer’s insights provide a unique perspective on legal hermeneutics, offering necessary protocols for determining, giving meaning, and emphasizing the historical and social embeddedness of legal practice. While some describe legal interpretivism as a hybrid between legal positivism and natural law theory, Gadamer’s hermeneutics offers an alternative approach to legal meaning, focusing on the historical and social contexts that shape interpretive activities. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of legal interpretation, emphasizing the concretization of the law through dialogue and ethical deliberation.
Abstrak
Hermeneutika filosofis Gadamer didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa penafsiran, pemahaman, atau makna tidak dapat muncul di luar konteks sejarah dan sosial. Pendekatan ini menantang pandangan tradisional tentang hukum sebagai wacana yang otonom dan rasional serta menyoroti pentingnya dialog dan pertimbangan etis dalam penafsiran hukum. Gagasan Gadamer memberikan perspektif unik mengenai hermeneutika hukum dengan menyarankan protocol yang diperlukan untuk menentukan makna dan menyoroti interkoneksi historis dan sosial dari praktik hukum. Meskipun ada yang menggambarkan interpretasi hukum sebagai kombinasi positivisme hukum dan teori hukum kodrat, hermeneutika Gadamer menawarkan pendekatan alternatif terhadap makna hukum dengan berfokus pada konteks sejarah dan sosial yang membentuk aktivitas hukum. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan adanya pemahaman yang berbeda mengenai penafsiran hukum dengan penekanan pada penerapan hukum melalui dialog dan pertimbangan etis.
Face Recognition Based Attendance System using ESP 32CAM
Authors: Bhanushali Dev
Published: June 2024

Abstract: In the modern industrial system, attendance logging is essential to raising system quality. Thus, it is necessary to have a robust computerized Face detection attendance recording system that uses an ESP32 camera. Each and every organization has strict attendance policies. It takes time and effort to manually maintain an attendance register. For example, RFID and biometric technology are two ways of solving the same issue. This research outlines a creative and efficient method for determining presence and verifying attendance. The ESP32 microcontroller family features integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. This facial detection-based technology does not require a person to be in close proximity to the fingerprint reader module, in contrast to biometric attendance systems. The biometric device becomes contaminated when the same employee or student records their attendance using the same biometric system. Furthermore, the likelihood of a proxy in RFID is considerable. This forecast will track student or employee attendance using facial recognition technology.
Tap, Scan, Connect: Future of Vehicle Communication
Authors: Singh Ankur
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Parking and accident services are being revolutionised by a website called "Tap Scan Connect" that makes use of barcode technology. Registered users can place unique barcodes created by the service on their vehicles in case of parking violations or accidents. This gives the general public access to important owner data. Users may quickly acquire the car owner's virtual phone number for direct phone calls and a chat window for quick communication by scanning the barcode with a mobile device. This strategy enhances public safety and facilitates traffic management by increasing accountability, expediting incident reporting, and enabling speedier responses. The project's focus on leveraging digital technologies to monitor transparent and efficient transportation activities is highlighted by terms like accountability, parking management, real-time communication, barcode technology, and public safety. Urban parking problems and emergency vehicle crashes are resolved more quickly and efficiently when instant messaging systems and user-friendly interfaces are combined.
Design and Development of Paper Pencil Drying using Precision Control
Authors: C Charusmitha
Published: June 2024

Abstract: For paper pencils to be produced effectively, precise drying methods are necessary. This study delves into the design and development of a cutting-edge paper pencil drying machine, emphasizing precise control to get optimal results. The utilization of quartz rods, which can heat to a maximum temperature of 150 °C and guarantee even drying of paper pencils, is the concept behind this machine's drying process. Statistical research demonstrates a significant improvement in drying time, quality, and energy economy when compared to conventional processes. This invention uses state-of-the-art control systems that minimize resource consumption while maximizing productivity, paving the way for affordable and ecologically friendly paper pencil production.
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Fault Detection
Authors: Lambture Rahul
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Nowadays many industries heavily depend on devices, those, with printed circuit boards (PCBs) to function properly. However issues like connections, damaged components or short circuits can cause malfunctions that result in downtime and financial losses. It is crucial to identify and resolve thesePCB faults to maintain the operation of electronic systems. On average businesses experience a 23% decrease in productivity due to PCB faults. One of the contributors to this problem is the lack of detection and resolution. To tackle this issue we propose an approach using machine learning techniques for PCB fault detection. Our solution harnesses the power of Web Machine Learning to implement a real time model for detecting PCB faults. By utilizing TensorFlow.js – a JavaScript library for training and deploying machine learning models in web browsers – we can provide instant feedback on the health of PCBs