bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) alleviates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via an IL-10-mediated mechanism in female mice
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Ishwarya , Tavares-Ferreira Diana , Mwirigi Juliet M. , Mejia Galo L. , Burton Michael D. , Price Theodore J.
Published: February 2023

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a primary dose-limiting side effect caused by antineoplastic agents, such as paclitaxel. A primary symptom of this neuropathy is pain. Currently, there are no effective treatments for CIPN, which can lead to long-term morbidity in cancer patients and survivors. Neuro-immune interactions occur in CIPN pain and have been implicated both in the development and progression of pain in CIPN and the resolution of pain in CIPN. We investigated the potential role of inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) in the resolution of CIPN pain-like behaviors in mice. ICOS is an immune checkpoint molecule that is expressed on the surface of activated T cells and promotes proliferation and differentiation of T cells. We found that intrathecal administration of ICOS agonist antibody (ICOSaa) alleviates mechanical hypersensitivity caused by paclitaxel and facilitates the resolution of mechanical hypersensitivity in female mice. Administration of ICOSaa reduced astrogliosis in the spinal cord and satellite cell gliosis in the DRG of mice previously treated with paclitaxel. Mechanistically, ICOSaa intrathecal treatment promoted mechanical hypersensitivity resolution by increasing interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression in the dorsal root ganglion. In line with these observations, blocking IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) activity occluded the effects of ICOSaa treatment on mechanical hypersensitivity in female mice. Suggesting a broader activity in neuropathic pain, ICOSaa also partially resolved mechanical hypersensitivity in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Our findings support a model wherein ICOSaa administration induces IL-10 expression to facilitate neuropathic pain relief in female mice. ICOSaa treatment is in clinical development for solid tumors and given our observation of T cells in the human DRG, ICOSaa therapy could be developed for combination chemotherapy—CIPN clinical trials.
Evaluation of post-discharge engagement for emergency department patients with opioid use history who received telehealth recovery coaching services
Authors: Watson Dennis P. , Phalen Peter , Medcalf Spencer , Messmer Sarah , McGuire Alan
Published: February 2023

Background

In recent years, emergency departments (EDs) across the nation have implemented peer recovery coach (PRC) services to support patients who use opioids. The majority of such interventions discussed in the literature follow an in-person modality where PRCs engage patients directly at the ED bedside. However, the use of telehealth services in EDs is becoming more popular. These services connect PRCs with ED patients in real-time via secure communications technology, and very little is known about the service- and clinical-based outcomes with which they are associated. The current study sought to assess factors associated with successful post-discharge follow-up of patients with a history of opioid use who received PRC telehealth services while in the ED.

Method

Data come from records for 917 patients who engaged with a telehealth PRC one or more times (1208 total engagements) at 1 of 13 EDs within the same health system. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to assess the degree to which variables predicted successful post-discharge follow-up, defined as the number of times a PRC successfully spoke with the patient each month after ED discharge.

Results

At least one follow-up was successfully completed by a PRC for 23% of enrolled patients. Significant predictors of successful follow-up included patient employment at baseline (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]: 2.8, CI: 2.05–3.9), living in a rural area (IRR: 1.8, CI: 1.04–3.2), PRC provision of referrals (IRR: 1.7, CI: 1.2–2.2), number of ED encounters in the previous 365 days (IRR: 0.99, CI: 0.98–0.99), and duration of the initial PRC telehealth interaction (IRR: 0.87, CI: 0.85–0.88).

Conclusion

Given that relationship development is a key tool in the PRC profession, understanding successful follow-up associated with telehealth engagement has unique importance. The results have potential utility for planning and implementing peer telehealth services in EDs and other locations, which is needed for the development of the PRC profession and the likely expansion of peer telehealth services.
Finite element analysis of posterior acetabular column plate and posterior acetabular wall prostheses in treating posterior acetabular fractures
Authors: Huang Guixiong , Wan Yizhou , Chen Kaifang , Yin Zhenchun , Song Qinghua , Xu Yi , Guo Xiaodong
Published: February 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical stability of the posterior acetabular column plate and different posterior acetabular wall prostheses used in treating posterior acetabular fractures with or without comminution.

Methods

The unilateral normal ilium was reconstructed, and a model of posterior acetabular wall fracture was established on this basis. The fracture fragment accounted for approximately 40% of the posterior acetabular wall. The posterior acetabular column plate and different posterior acetabular wall prostheses were also designed. Using static and dynamic analysis methods, we observed and compared the changes in the stress and displacement values of different models at different hip joint flexion angles under external forces.

Results

At different hip flexion angles, the stress of each model mainly fluctuated between 37.98 MPa and 1129.00 MPa, and the displacement mainly fluctuated between 0.076 and 6.955 mm. In the dynamic analysis, the nodal stress‒time curves of the models were nonlinear, and the stress changed sharply during the action time. Most of the nodal displacement‒time curves of the models were relatively smooth, with no dramatic changes in displacement during the action time; additionally, most of the curves were relatively consistent in shape.

Conclusions

For simple posterior acetabular wall fractures, we recommend using a posterior acetabular column plate. In the case of comminuted posterior acetabular fractures, we recommend the use of a nonflanked posterior acetabular prosthesis or a biflanked posterior acetabular prosthesis. Regarding the method of acetabular prosthesis design, we propose the concept of “Break up to Make up” as a guide.
The deficiency of Maged1 attenuates Parkinson's disease progression in mice
Authors: Wang Jie , Xu Sheng-Ye , Ye Zhi-Yuan , Sun Zhou-Na , Zhang Jia-Qi , Qi Cui , Liu Rui , Gao Xiang , He Chuan , You Wei-Yan , Gao Jun
Published: February 2023

Melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Maged1) has critical functions in the central nervous system in both developmental and adult stages. Loss of Maged1 in mice has been linked to depression, cognitive disorder, and drug addiction. However, the role of Maged1 in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. In this study, we observed that Maged1 was expressed in the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra in mice and humans, which could be upregulated by the in vivo or in vitro treatment with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). Genetic ablation of Maged1 in mice attenuated motor deficits, the loss of DA neurons, and disease progression induced by MPTP. Moreover, Maged1 deficiency protected DA neurons against MPP+-induced toxicity in primary cultured cells. Mechanistically, loss of Maged1 upregulated the Akt signaling pathway and downregulated the mTOR signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells, which may in turn attenuate the cell apoptosis and impairment of autophagy. Consistent with it, the degeneration of midbrain and striatum among elderly Maged1 knockout mice was relatively mild compared to those in wild-type mice under physiological conditions. Taken together, this study suggested that Maged1 deficiency inhibited apoptosis and enhanced autophagy, which may provide a new potential target for the therapy of PD.
FBXO22 promotes leukemogenesis by targeting BACH1 in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Na , Wei Yu-Sheng , Yang Qian , Liu Hao-Ran , Zhi Zhe , Zhu Di , Xia Li , Hong Deng-Li , Yu Yun , Chen Guo-Qiang
Published: February 2023

Background

Selectively targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is a promising approach in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML), for which identification of such therapeutic targets is critical. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that FBXO22 plays a critical role in solid tumor development and therapy response. However, its potential roles in leukemogenesis remain largely unknown.

Methods

We established a mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-AF9-induced AML model with hematopoietic cell-specific FBXO22 knockout mice to elucidate the role of FBXO22 in AML progression and LSCs regulation, including self-renewal, cell cycle, apoptosis and survival analysis. Immunoprecipitation combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, Western blotting and rescue experiments were performed to study the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic role of FBXO22.

Results

FBXO22 was highly expressed in AML, especially in MLL-rearranged (MLLr) AML. Upon FBXO22 knockdown, human MLLr leukemia cells presented markedly increased apoptosis. Although conditional deletion of Fbxo22 in hematopoietic cells did not significantly affect the function of hematopoietic stem cells, MLL-AF9-induced leukemogenesis was dramatically abrogated upon Fbxo22 deletion, together with remarkably reduced LSCs after serial transplantations. Mechanistically, FBXO22 promoted degradation of BACH1 in MLLr AML cells, and overexpression of BACH1 suppressed MLLr AML progression. In line with this, heterozygous deletion of BACH1 significantly reversed delayed leukemogenesis in Fbxo22-deficient mice.

Conclusions

FBXO22 promotes MLLr AML progression by targeting BACH1 and targeting FBXO22 might be an ideal strategy to eradicate LSCs without influencing normal hematopoiesis.
Patterns of variation in equine strongyle community structure across age groups and gut compartments
Authors: Boisseau Michel , Mach Núria , Basiaga Marta , Kuzmina Tetiana , Laugier Claire , Sallé Guillaume
Published: February 2023

Background

Equine strongyles encompass more than 64 species of nematode worms that are responsible for growth retardation and the death of animals. The factors underpinning variation in the structure of the equine strongyle community remain unknown.

Methods

Using horse-based strongyle community data collected after horse deworming (48 horses in Poland, 197 horses in Ukraine), we regressed species richness and the Gini-Simpson index upon the horse’s age, faecal egg count, sex and operation of origin. Using the Ukrainian observations, we applied a hierarchical diversity partitioning framework to estimate how communities were remodelled across operations, age groups and horses. Lastly, strongyle species counts collected after necropsy (46 horses in France, 150 in Australia) were considered for analysis of their co-occurrences across intestinal compartments using a joint species distribution modelling approach.

Results

First, inter-operation variation accounted for > 45% of the variance in species richness or the Gini-Simpson index (which relates to species dominance in communities). Species richness decreased with horse’s age (P = 0.01) and showed a mild increase with parasite egg excretion (P < 0.1), but the Gini-Simpson index was neither associated with parasite egg excretion (P = 0.8) nor with horse age (P = 0.37). Second, within-host diversity represented half of the overall diversity across Ukrainian operations. While this is expected to erase species diversity across communities, community dissimilarity between horse age classes was the second most important contributor to overall diversity (25.8%). Third, analysis of species abundance data quantified at necropsy defined a network of positive co-occurrences between the four most prevalent strongyle genera. This pattern was common to necropsies performed in France and Australia.

Conclusions

Taken together, these results show a pattern of β-diversity maintenance across age classes combined with positive co-occurrences that might be grounded by priority effects between the major species.

Graphical Abstract
Ultrasound halo count in the differential diagnosis of atherosclerosis and large vessel giant cell arteritis
Authors: Monjo-Henry Irene , Fernández-Fernández Elisa , Mostaza José María , Lahoz Carlos , Molina-Collada Juan , de Miguel Eugenio
Published: February 2023

Objective

To determine the diagnostic discriminant validity between large vessel giant cell arteritis (LV-GCA) and atherosclerosis using ultrasound (US) intima-media thickness (IMT) measurements.

Methods

We included 44 patients with LV-GCA and 42 with high-risk atherosclerosis. US examinations of the axillary, subclavian, and common carotid arteries (CCA) were systematically performed using a MylabX8 system (Genoa, Italy) with a 4–15-MHz probe. IMT ≥ 1 mm was accepted as pathological.

Results

The LV-GCA cohort included 24 females and 20 males with a mean age of 72.8 ± 7.6 years. The atherosclerosis group included 25 males and 17 females with a mean age of 70.8 ± 6.5 years. The mean IMT values of all arteries included were significantly higher in LV-GCA than in atherosclerosis. Among LV-GCA patients, IMT ≥ 1 mm was seen in 31 axillary, 30 subclavian, and 28 CCA. In the atherosclerotic cohort, 17 (38.6%) had IMT ≥ 1 mm with axillary involvement in 2 patients, subclavian in 3 patients, carotid distal in 14 patients (5 bilateral), and isolated carotid proximal affectation in 1 case. A cutoff point greater than 1 pathological vessel in the summative count of axillary and subclavian arteries or at least 3 vessels in the count of six vessels, including CCA, showed a precision upper 95% for GCA diagnosis.

Conclusion

The IMT is higher in LV-GCA than in atherosclerosis. The proposed US halo count achieves an accuracy of > 95% for the differential diagnosis between LV-GCA and atherosclerosis. The axillary and subclavian arteries have higher discriminatory power, while carotid involvement is less specific in the differential diagnosis.
Relative age effects on speed trials in Brazilian athletics
Authors: Barboza-Neto Rui , Nobari Hadi , Aidar Felipe J. , Almeida-Neto Paulo Francisco , Silva Ana Filipa , Medeiros Radamés Maciel Vítor , Clemente Filipe Manuel , de Queiros Victor Sabino , de Matos Dihogo Gama , da Silva Luiz Felipe , Badicu Georgian , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva , de Araújo Tinôco Cabral Breno Guilherme
Published: February 2023

Background

Relative age effect (RAE) is a concept related to the possible advantage that older athletes would have over younger ones within the same category. Although many studies have approached this subject in individual sports, there are few clippings by events within the sport. More detailed analyses are necessary for a better understanding of how RAE behaves in sports, especially in athletics, the subject of this study. The objective of this study was to analyze the RAE on speed in track and field events as a whole, separating the flat races from the hurdles races.

Methods

The Brazilian Ranking of Brazilian Athletics Confederation was used for data analysis, and the sample was composed of the 50 best-placed marks in the ranking of speed events in athletics in the categories Under(U)-16 and U-18 (female and male). Statistical analysis was calculated by chi-square, and the effect size was checked by Cramer’s V. Likelihood-ratio test (L-Ratio) assessed the probability of the RAE occurring in the total sample and by age groups.

Results

In the total sample the results pointed to the emergence of RAE in males in both categories (U-16: p < 0.001; V: 0.13; L-Ratio: 3.64, U-18: p < 0.001; V: 0.13; L-Ratio: 3.80), whereas in females no such effect was found in any category (U-16: p = 0.6; V: 0.09; L-Ratio: 0.09, U-18: p = 0.6; V: 0.07; L-Ratio: 0.12). When the results were separated by type of event, there was only a RAE in the shallow event in the U-18 female category (p = 0.3; V: 0.11; L-Ratio: 8.72).

Conclusion

The results allow us to conclude that there is a RAE in the speed trials of Brazilian athletics in the U16 and U18 categories for men, while this effect appears only in the shallow trials of the U18 category for women, indicating that the RAE has incidence when there is more participation and competition in the sport.
Liver saturated fat content associates with hepatic DNA methylation in obese individuals
Authors: Sehgal Ratika , Perfilyev Alexander , Männistö Ville , Ågren Jyrki , Nilsson Emma , Käkelä Pirjo , Ling Charlotte , de Mello Vanessa D. , Pihlajamäki Jussi
Published: February 2023

Background

Accumulation of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the liver is known to induce hepatic steatosis and inflammation causing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although SFAs have been shown to affect the epigenome in whole blood, pancreatic islets, and adipose tissue in humans, and genome-wide DNA methylation studies have linked epigenetic changes to NAFLD and NASH, studies focusing on the association of SFAs and DNA methylation in human liver are missing. We, therefore, investigated whether human liver SFA content associates with DNA methylation and tested if SFA-linked alterations in DNA methylation associate with NAFLD-related clinical phenotypes in obese individuals.

Results

We identified DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) of 3169 CpGs to be associated with liver total SFA content (q-value < 0.05) measured using proton NMR spectroscopy in participants of the Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study (n = 51; mean ± SD:49.3 ± 8.5 years old; BMI:43.7 ± 6.2 kg/m2). Of these 3169 sites, 797 overlapped with previously published NASH-associated CpGs (NASH-SFA), while 2372 CpGs were exclusively associated with SFA (Only-SFA). The corresponding annotated genes of these only-SFA CpGs were found to be enriched in pathways linked to satiety and hunger. Among the 54 genes mapping to these enriched pathways, DNA methylation of CpGs mapping to PRKCA and TSPO correlated with their own mRNA expression (HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip). In addition, DNA methylation of another ten of these CpGs correlated with the mRNA expression of their neighboring genes (p value < 0.05). The proportion of CpGs demonstrating a correlation of DNA methylation with plasma glucose was higher in NASH-SFA and only-SFA groups, while the proportion of significant correlations with plasma insulin was higher in only-NASH and NASH-SFA groups as compared to all CpGs on the Illumina 450 K array (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that one of the mechanisms how SFA could contribute to metabolic dysregulation in NAFLD is at the level of DNA methylation. We further propose that liver SFA-related DNA methylation profile may contribute more to hyperglycemia, while insulin-related methylation profile is more linked to NAFLD or NASH. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind these observations.
Imidacloprid poisoning in a young female: a case report
Authors: Bhatta Om Prakash , Chand Sabita , Chand Hemant , Poudel Ram Chandra , Lamichhane Ram Prasad , Singh Abhi Kumar , Subedi Nuwadatta
Published: February 2023

Background

Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used in agricultural settings. Consequently, cases of accidental and suicidal poisoning are increasingly seen in clinical practice. Although cases with varied clinical presentations and toxicological profiles have been reported, standard management principles are lacking.

Case presentation

We present a case of Imidacloprid poisoning in a 25-year-old previously healthy indigenous Tamang female without a classic toxidrome requiring ventilatory support, complicated by a prolonged neuropsychiatric sequela.

Conclusions

Although uncommonly reported, imidacloprid toxicity may lead to life-threatening complications and hence should be suspected in cases of unidentified poisoning with a relevant toxidrome. Vigilance on the part of treating physicians plays a crucial role in appropriate management.
HIV co-opts a cellular antiviral mechanism, activation of stress kinase PKR by its RNA, to enable splicing of rev/tat mRNA
Authors: Namer Lise Sarah , Harwig Alex , Heynen Stephan P. , Das Atze T. , Berkhout Ben , Kaempfer Raymond
Published: February 2023

Background

Activation of RNA-dependent stress kinase PKR, especially by viral double-stranded RNA, induces eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α-chain (eIF2α) phosphorylation, attenuating thereby translation. We report that this RNA-mediated negative control mechanism, considered a cornerstone of the cell’s antiviral response, positively regulates splicing of a viral mRNA.

Results

Excision of the large human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rev/tat intron depends strictly on activation of PKR by the viral RNA and on eIF2α phosphorylation. Rev/tat mRNA splicing was blocked by viral PKR antagonists Vaccinia E3L and Ebola VP35, as well as by a trans-dominant negative mutant of PKR, yet enhanced by overexpressing PKR. Expression of non-phosphorylatable mutant eIF2αS51A, but not of wild type eIF2α, abrogated efficient splicing of rev/tat mRNA. By contrast, expression of eIF2αS51D, a phosphomimetic mutant of eIF2α, left rev/tat mRNA splicing intact. Unlike eIF2αS51A, eIF2αS51D does not inhibit eIF2α phosphorylation by activated PKR. All HIV mRNA species contain terminal trans-activation response (TAR) stem-loop sequences that potentially could activate PKR, yet even upon TAR deletion, HIV mRNA production remained sensitive to inhibitors of PKR activation. Bioinformatic and mutational analyses revealed a compact RNA pseudoknot upstream of 3′-terminal TAR that promotes splicing by activating PKR. Supporting its essential role in control of splicing, this pseudoknot is conserved among diverse HIV and nonhuman primate SIVcpz isolates. The pseudoknot and 3′-terminal TAR collaborate in mediating PKR-regulated splicing of rev/tat intron, the pseudoknot being dominant.

Conclusions

Our results on HIV provide the first example of a virus co-opting activation of PKR by its RNA, a cellular antiviral mechanism, to promote splicing. They raise the question whether other viruses may use local activation of host kinase PKR through RNA elements within their genome to achieve efficient splicing of their mRNA. Our experiments reveal an indispensable role for eIF2α phosphorylation in HIV rev/tat mRNA splicing that accounts for the need for PKR activation.
A randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce stigma toward people with opioid use disorder among primary care clinicians
Authors: Hooker Stephanie A. , Crain A. Lauren , LaFrance Amy B. , Kane Sheryl , Fokuo J. Konadu , Bart Gavin , Rossom Rebecca C.
Published: February 2023

Background

Many primary care clinicians (PCCs) hold stigma toward people with opioid use disorder (OUD), which may be a barrier to care. Few interventions exist to address PCC stigma toward people with OUD. This study examined whether an online training incorporating patient narratives reduced PCCs’ stigma toward people with OUD (primary) and increased intentions to treat people with OUD compared to an attention-control training (secondary).

Methods

PCCs from 15 primary care clinics were invited to complete a 30 min online training for an electronic health record-embedded clinical decision support (CDS) tool that alerts PCCs to screen, diagnose, and treat people with OUD. PCCs were randomized to receive a stigma-reduction version of the training with patient narrative videos or a control training without patient narratives and were blinded to group assignment. Immediately after the training, PCCs completed surveys of stigma towards people with OUD and intentions and willingness to treat OUD. CDS tool use was monitored for 6 months. Analyses included independent samples t-tests, Pearson correlations, and logistic regression.

Results

A total of 162 PCCs were randomized; 88 PCCs (58% female; 68% white) completed the training (Stigma = 48; Control = 40) and were included in analyses. There was no significant difference between intervention and control groups for stigma (t = − 0.48, p = .64, Cohen’s d = − 0.11), intention to get waivered (t = 1.11, p = .27, d = 0.26), or intention to prescribe buprenorphine if a waiver were no longer required (t = 0.90, p = 0.37, d = 0.21). PCCs who reported greater stigma reported lower intentions both to get waivered (r = − 0.25, p = 0.03) and to prescribe buprenorphine with no waiver (r = − 0.25, p = 0.03). Intervention group and self-reported stigma were not significantly related to CDS tool use.

Conclusions

Stigma toward people with OUD may require more robust intervention than this brief training was able to accomplish. However, stigma was related to lower intentions to treat people with OUD, suggesting stigma acts as a barrier to care. Future work should identify effective interventions to reduce stigma among PCCs.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04867382. Registered 30 April 2021—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04867382
Bile acid predicts congenital portosystemic venous shunt in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Li Yunyan , Deng Xiaoxian , Zhou Hongmei , Zheng Xuan , Zhang Gangcheng , Xiong Qingfeng
Published: February 2023

The etiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is complex, especially the investigation of rare pathogeny is difficult. Congenital portosystemic venous shunt (CPSS) is a rare congenital anomaly in which the portal blood completely or partially bypasses the liver through a congenital portosystemic shunt, and drains directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC) (Howard and Davenport in J Pediatr Surg 32:494–497, 1997).CPSS is an uncommon cause of PAH (Christiane et al. in J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 56:675–681, 2013), and often covered by other pathogenic factors. The clinical manifestations of CPSS-associated PAH are not specific, thus making it difficult to distinguish from PAH caused by other pathogenetic factors based on clinical presentations alone. This is a retrospective analysis of data from six patients with CPSS at a single center. Of these, five were diagnosed as PAH: four were also associated with other predisposing factors of pulmonary hypertension (PH). All patients had high serum bile concentration and high cardiac output. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical recognition of PAH secondary to CPSS. The concentration of serum bile acid and cardiac output can be used as two important non-invasive indicators in clinical practice. Thus far, few studies have reported the clinical outcomes of CPSS-associated PAH specifically (Anna et al. in Hepatology 71:658–669, 2020;Franchi-Abella et al. in J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 51:322–330, 2010;Uike et al. in Pediatr Pulmonol 53:505–511, 2018;). In the current study, such patients carried a poor prognosis if left untreated, or treated with pulmonary vasodilators alone.
Biological function of resveratrol and its application in animal production: a review
Authors: Meng Qingwei , Li Jiawei , Wang Chunsheng , Shan Anshan
Published: February 2023

With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed, plant functional substances have been widely studied as feed additives. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene, and a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in plants, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory features. Resveratrol generated intense scientific and public interest, primarily due to its widely reported ability to prevent cancer, delay aging and alleviate related metabolic diseases. Recently, resveratrol has been studied and applied as a feed additive in animal production. This review focuses on the outline of the absorption and metabolism and biological functions of resveratrol and summarizes the application of dietary resveratrol in animal production up to the present, including pigs, poultry, and ruminants. In pigs, dietary resveratrol improved intestinal health, mitochondrial function, meat quality, and more. In poultry, studies have shown that dietary resveratrol improves growth performance and meat and egg quality and alleviates heat stress induced adverse effects. There are few studies on dietary resveratrol in ruminants; however previous studies have indicated that dietary resveratrol increases nutrient digestibility and reduces methane emissions in sheep. It is hoped that this review could provide a specific theoretical basis and research ideas for the research and application of resveratrol.
Signals of sustainability transition: Sensing enabling factors through cultural initiatives
Authors: Concilio Grazia , Bianchi Irene , Tosoni Ilaria
Published: February 2023

This article reports a first attempt to combine the analysis of socio-technical mechanisms and initiative-based learning to sense sustainability transition signals in cities. Relying on the analysis of cultural initiatives in six European Cities, the study identifies those factors that enabled social impact generation. It then formulates hypotheses about their contribution to the inception and rooting of sustainability transition dynamics. As a result, the article proposes a set of analytical categories of enabling factors acting across niches and regimes. The same factors are then reinterpreted by referring to scaling mechanisms (scaling up, out and deep). The proposed analytical scheme seeks to offer a broader reflection on the conceptual and methodological challenges related to sensing and interpreting urban sustainability transition pathways.
The association of dietary acid load (DAL) with estimated skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gholami Fatemeh , Bahrampour Niki , Samadi Mahsa , Rasaei Niloufar , Yarizadeh Habib , Naghshi Sina , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: February 2023

Background & Aims

Dietary patterns that promote mild metabolic acidosis may have a negative effect on bone and muscle, and a high dietary acid load (DAL) may be detrimental to skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content. However, the association between skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content with dietary acid load has not been consistently reported in previous studies. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of potential renal net acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) with bone mineral content and skeletal muscle mass in pre-menopause women with overweight or obesity in Iran.

Method

Three hundred and ninety women with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 were included in this cross-sectional study. We used a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for evaluating the dietary intake. Based on the dietary data, potential renal net acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were calculated. Muscle mass and bone mineral content were estimated by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA).

Results

After controlling for potential confounders, we discovered a significant linear relationship between PRAL (β = -0.027, 95%CI = -0.049 to -0.004, P = 0.02) and NEAP (β = -0.05, 95%CI = -0.097 to -0.003, P = 0.03) and skeletal muscle mass index. However, there was no significant difference between SMM and BMC across PRAL and NEAP tertiles.

Conclusion

PRAL and NEAP were found to be inversely related to skeletal muscle mass index among overweight/obese women. Further research is required to establish whether this relationship is important for musculoskeletal health in these populations.
Associations of Physical and Social Workplace Characteristics with Movement Behaviors at Work
Authors: Holmes Anthony J. , Quinn Tyler D. , Conroy Molly B. , Paley Joshua L. , Huber Kimberly A. , Barone Gibbs Bethany
Published: February 2023

Introduction/Purpose

Sedentary behavior (SB) is common in desk-based work, and prolonged periods of SB are associated with negative health outcomes. This study assessed associations between workplace characteristics and setting and movement patterns during working hours.

Methods

This secondary analysis used baseline data from the Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Decrease Blood Pressure clinical trial, which enrolled inactive, desk-based workers with elevated blood pressure (n = 271; mean age, 45.3 ± 11.6 yr; body mass index, 30.66 ± 7.1 kg·m−2; 59.4% women). Physical and social workplace characteristics were assessed by a study-developed questionnaire and the Office Environment and Sitting Scale. Participants also wore an activPAL activity monitor for 7 d and reported working hours in a diary to measure SB and physical activity (PA) specifically while working. Linear regression was used to analyze cross-sectional associations between workplace characteristics and SB and PA. A stratified analysis was also conducted to assess associations among home-based and in-office desk workers separately. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and work wear time.

Results

Participants spent 77% of working hours in SB. Public versus private offices, working in-office versus at home, higher local connectivity, and greater overall connectedness were associated with lower SB and/or greater PA (all P < 0.05). Higher frequency of face-to-face interactions, and greater visibility and proximity to coworkers were associated with less SB and more PA (all P < 0.05). For example, home-based workers had more total SB (+17.2 ± 8.4 min per day), more SB bouts ≥30 min (+39.1 ± 12.8 min per day), and less steps (695 ± 201 steps per day) than in-office employees. Stratification by office setting revealed differences in associations between SB and PA and workplace characteristics.

Conclusions

More public, open spaces with more social interactions and physical walkways could improve SB and PA patterns during work. Home-based workers had more SB, less PA, and unique associations of these activities with workplace characteristics, suggesting a need for tailored interventions.
The influence of genetic and environmental factors on the incidence of prostate cancer in men
Authors: Olko Paweł , Licak Gabriela , Tomkiewicz Julia , Tomkiewicz Michał , Paluch Michał , Sałata Piotr , Żuchnik Magda , Radulski Jakub , Szczuraszek Hugo , Bętkowska Paulina , Dadziak Mikołaj
Published: February 2023

Introduction
The prostate gland is a small reproductive organ found in men. It consists of 3 zones: central, peripheral and transitional. The most common localization of prostate cancer in elderly men is the peripheral zone. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. It ranks second in terms of incidence and fifth in terms of lethality among men worldwide. There are many factors that contribute to the development of prostate cancer in men. We can divide them into two large groups: genetic factors and environmental factors. These include, among others: older age, ethnicity / race, positive family history, genetic predisposition, type of diet, obesity, smoking or higher height. Each of the above factors has a different impact on the incidence of prostate cancer, which has been demonstrated on the basis of the results of numerous studies and will be summarized in the following review.
Materiał and Methods
This review was based on available data collected in the PubMed database, using the following keywords: „Prostate Cancer”, „Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer” and „Risk factors of Prostate Cancer”. 
Conclusions
Prostate cancer is a serious problem affecting men all over the world. Every year we observe an increasing incidence of this disease, which makes prostate cancer one of the most common cancers affecting men. There are many factors affecting the occurrence of this cancer, but it is extremely difficult to study their exact impact on the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, new initiatives and research should be undertaken to broadly understand the etiology and risk factors of this cancer.
An Angel’s Leaps: Appreciative Inquiry, a Way of Being
Authors: Sennequier Patricia , Sauzet Dominique
Published: February 2023

‘To be an AI practitioner is to be called to manifest trust in oneself, others and life. This alignment is, first and foremost, an inner one: it refers to our intention, which constantly asks to be purified. It also refers to the acceptance of our fears and doubts. And, when the magic of Appreciative Inquiry takes place in me for me, I see doors and windows in my space that let the light in, and I jump.’ Patricia
Experiencing the Appreciative Inquiry Process Fully
Authors: Pagès Jean , Crismer Paul G.
Published: February 2023

In this conversation with Paul G. Crismer, Jean Pagès recalls several experiences of interventions conducted with Appreciative Inquiry. The result has been that this approach allows one to meet the forces that influence life, as long as one lives the discipline fully and leads the process with determination and flexibility.
Updates
Authors: Allaway Tom
Published: February 2023

Statins could be a choice for more people to reduce risk of heart attacks and strokes
Adverse drug reactions
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: February 2023

Deborah Robertson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid and ethics
Authors: Winter George
Published: February 2023

George Winter looks at the developments that have been and still must be made in Alzheimer's disease and the ethical considerations that must be considered alongside these developments
The role of the designated prescribing supervisor: an evaluation
Authors: Jarmain Sally , Moreno-Chamorro Deborah , Piggin Catherine
Published: February 2023

Aim

To understand the experience of non-medical prescribers undertaking the role of designated prescribing supervisor with students on the non-medical prescribing course for the first time.

Methods

Questionnaire completed by 34 designated prescribing supervisors, followed by semi-structured interviews with 10 designated prescribing supervisors.

Findings

There were four themes identified from the data. These were: knowledge and experience prior to undertaking the designated prescribing supervisor role; how the role of designated prescribing supervisor was enacted in practice; interactions and engagements necessary to support the designated prescribing supervisor and underpin students' professional development; and the way in which the designated prescribing supervisor role supports personal growth.

Conclusion

Designated prescribing supervisors in this evaluation described their role as consisting of coaching, advice and pastoral support. The supervision which they provided tended to be unscheduled and informal. Designated prescribing supervisors valued the support they received from the University and their Employer. Undertaking the role of designated prescribing supervisors was described as beneficial to their continuing professional development, it enhanced job satisfaction and provided a greater sense of self-worth.
Ethical issues in care research: an analysis
Authors: Allen Charlotte , George Andrew John Timothy
Published: February 2023

Research involving the residents of care homes is vital to improve their health and wellbeing. Such research can make a major contribution to the health and social challenges facing society, including dementia and ageing. However, research is less common in the care context than in health settings. Studies submitted to the Health Research Authority over a 3-year period for ethics review were analysed to identify ethical barriers to research. Just 0.5% of research studies that were submitted involved care homes. The most common subjects researched were residents’ wellbeing, COVID-19 and care home processes and management. Analysis of the response of research ethics committees showed that the majority of questions or comments concerned the consent process, care and respect for the participants, and the social and scientific value of the planned research. There were a number of issues that were commonly raised by research ethics committees. In addition, the majority of studies involved adults who potentially lacked capacity. This work identifies the issues that are raised by research ethics committees and highlights specific ethical concerns about research in the care setting.
Embedding health and safety in the workplace
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: February 2023

Adam Bernstein discusses the strategies that employers should use to ensure that employees adhere to the health and safety policies in the workplace.
Developing an excellent experience for care home visitors
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: February 2023

Adrian Ashurst provides some tips on improving the visitor experience at care homes.
Avoiding AI Accidents
Authors: Jonsson Roberth
Published: February 2023

IN THE RUSH TO DEPLOY REMOTE AND MACHINE CONTROL SYSTEMS, FUNCTIONAL SAFETY SHOULD REMAIN THE CONSTANT GUIDING STAR FOR ALL OFF-HIGHWAY ENGINEERS
Making the Grade
Authors: Deere John
Published: February 2023

SMARTGRADE TECHNOLOGY WILL BE A KEY PART OF JOHN DEERE'S SHOWCASE OF GRADE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS AT CONEXPO IN MARCH 2020
Six New Agri Concepts
Authors: Wordsworth Saul
Published: February 2023

AGRITECHNICA, AT THE END OF 2019, BOASTED A PLETHORA OF AGRICULTURAL CONCEPT VEHICLES OFFERING DIFFERING VISIONS OF THE FUTURE - HERE WE PICK THE BEST
Global Ambitions
Authors: Stone Tom
Published: February 2023

BORN OUT OF STATE-OWNED RESEARCH AND ASSETS IN 1992, ZOOMLION HAS GROWN TO BECOME CHINA'S LARGEST CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE MANUFACTURER. BUT, AS ITS CHAIRMAN DR ZHAN CHUNXIN TELLS iVT IN THIS EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW, THERE IS STILL MUCH TO DO AND THE COMPANY'S SITES ARE NOW SET ON EXPANDING OPERATIONS AROUND THE WORLD
Get Connected
Authors: Roper Jack
Published: February 2023

EXPERTS FROM CATERPILLAR, JOHN DEERE AND VOLVO DISCUSS THE DRIVE TOWARDS BESPOKE, PREDICTIVE TELEMATICS WHERE CONNECTIVITY AND INTELLIGENCE INTERSECT - AND FORESEE A DAY OF TOTAL CONNECTION TO OMNISCIENT, CLOUD-BASED OVERSIGHT
High Performance
Authors: Nendick Steven
Published: February 2023

CUMMINS LATEST PERFORMANCE SERIES ENGINES OFFER MORE POWER AND MORE TORQUE FOR GREATER MACHINE CAPABILITY
Modern Hydraulics in Digital Networks
Authors: Feuz Adrian
Published: February 2023

A NEW GENERATION OF CONTROL DEVICES ALLOWS ELECTRONIC MODULES TO EASILY COMMUNICATE
Modular Electrical Centre
Authors: Falchetti Maria Vittoria
Published: February 2023

A NEW SOLUTION HELPS CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTE POWER FOR INCREASED LOADS IN OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES
Total Control
Authors: Pehlivanoglu Oktay
Published: February 2023

THE DEMANDS OF TODAY'S CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MEAN THAT RUGGED YET HIGH-QUALITY HMIs ARE REQUIRED
25 Years in the Making
Authors: Allen James
Published: February 2023

THIS MONTH WE CELEBRATE iVT'S 25TH ANNIVERSARY. HERE WE TAKE A LOOK BACK AT SOME OF THE MEMORABLE MOMENTS RECORDED IN THIS MAGAZINE'S PAGES SINCE 1993
The New Olympian
Authors: Seco Alberto
Published: February 2023

IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS, CONSTRUCTION WILL BEGIN FOR FRANCE'S LATEST HIGH-PROFILE MEGA PROJECT - THE PARIS 2024 SUMMER OLYMPICS. WITH SIMILAR EVENTS MARRED BY POOR SAFETY RECORDS, iVT LOOKS TO THE DESIGN TWEAKS THAT COULD MAKE ITS OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES SAFER
End of the Line
Authors: Scheffels Gerald
Published: February 2023

DURING THE HISTORY OF iVT MAGAZINE, THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL EXPERT PREDICTIONS CONCERNING THE DECLINE, AND EVEN DEATH, OF MOBILE HYDRAULICS - BUT SMART ELECTRONIC UPGRADES AND REDESIGNS HAVE MEANT THEY ARE NOW JUST AS INDISPENSABLE TO VEHICLE DESIGNERS AS THEY WERE 25 YEARS AGO. WE LOOK AT WHY - AND ATTEMPT TO PREDICT WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS
Piece it Together
Authors: Scheffels Gerald
Published: February 2023

TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY, VEHICLE DESIGN TODAY IS MAKING INCREASING USE OF CUSTOMIZABLE MODULES AND PLATFORMS. ONE AREA WHERE SUCH SYSTEMS ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL IS IN THE INTRICATE WORLD OF INDUSTRIAL VEHICLE HYDRAULICS. TO TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE, ENGINEERS MUST CONSIDER SUCH SOLUTIONS DURING EARLY DESIGN STAGES
All-Weather Power
Authors: Allen James
Published: February 2023

TWENTY TWO YEARS AFTER LAUNCHING AN “ASSAULT ON THE LIFT-TRUCK MARKET” WITH THE RELEASE OF ITS TELETRUCK, JCB PRESENTS A NEW, FULLY-ELECTRIC VERSION
Super Screens
Authors: Bromley Cody
Published: February 2023

RECENT ADVANCES IN GLASS, TOUCH SENSORS AND ENGINEERING HAVE ALL CONTRIBUTED TO TOUCHSCREENS THAT ARE STRONG, EASY-TO-USE AND RELIABLE
Using Simulation Tools in Hvac Development
Authors: Reydellet Sylvain
Published: February 2023

WHEN IT COMES TO DESIGNING AND TAILORING HVAC UNITS TO CUSTOMERS' NEEDS, AIRFLOW AND SIMULATION TOOLS REMAIN AN ESSENTIAL STEP FOR VALIDATING AN EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE SOLUTION
Stage V Engine Control
Authors: Parkin Val
Published: February 2023

DYNAMIC DISPLAYS ENABLE INDUSTRIAL VEHICLE ENGINES TO BE MONITORED AND CONTROLLED, AND USED AS EFFICIENTLY AS POSSIBLE
Hybrid Solutions for Autosteering
Authors: Dupre Ben
Published: February 2023

THANKS TO GPS-GUIDED AUTOSTEERING SYSTEMS, OPERATORS CAN BENEFIT FROM REDUCED FATIGUE AND ENHANCED WORKING PRECISION
Recovering Energy With Electrohydraulic Solutions
Authors: Heren Jean
Published: February 2023

EACH TYPE OF TRANSMISSION BRINGS A DIFFERENT BENEFIT TO ELECTROHYDRAULIC SOLUTIONS
All About the Operator
Authors: Rickatson Martin
Published: February 2023

NEW HOLLAND'S SECOND-GENERATION T7 HEAVY DUTY (HD) TRACTORS WILL MAKE THEIR DEBUT AT EIMA, BOLOGNA (19-23 OCTOBER), WHERE VISITORS WILL ABLE TO SEE FIRST-HAND THE ALL-NEW CAB, AS WELL AS FINDING OUT ABOUT OTHER INNOVATIVE FEATURES, SUCH AS A TERRAIN-SENSITIVE AUTOMATIC GUIDANCE SYSTEM
Electrification Success
Authors: Soepnel Jeroen
Published: February 2023

THE ELECTRIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY IS RARELY STRAIGHTFORWARD BUT A STANDARDISED MODULAR BATTERY SOLUTION IS AT HAND
Stable Connections
Authors: Pecorari Silvia
Published: February 2023

A NEW UPGRADE TO A RANGE OF PUMP SYSTEMS HELPS FACILITATE THE OPERATION OF COMPACT, EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE AGRICULTURAL MACHINES, EASING LABOUR PRESSURES AND ENABLING SAFER OPERATIONS
Agricultural Necessity
Authors: Gatti Gianmarco
Published: February 2023

AS MACHINES GROW MORE POWERFUL AND SOPHISTICATED OUT IN THE FIELD, SO FLAT-FACED COUPLINGS ARE BECOMING A KEY COMPONENT OF THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
Maximising Manifold Flexibility
Authors: Seghieri Matteo
Published: February 2023

A NEW FAMILY OF CARTRIDGE COUPLINGS IS DESIGNED TO BRING MORE FLEXIBILITY TO MANIFOLD SYSTEMS
Maintaining Control
Authors: Aaltonen Petri
Published: February 2023

DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING HIGH-QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEMS, TELEMATICS AND AI COMPONENTS FOR MOBILE MACHINES OFFERS EXCEPTIONAL ADDED VALUE FOR OEMS
Sealed Solution for Primary Power Distribution
Authors: Delcroix Jean-Baptiste
Published: February 2023

A NEW BOX COMPLEMENTS EXISTING POWER DISTRIBUTION PLATFORM FROM ONE OF THE INDUSTRY'S LEADING ELECTRONIC SOLUTION PROVIDERS