bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of nanoparticle volume fraction in hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of forced plane jet
Authors: Armaghani T. , Maghrebi M.J. , Talebi F.
Published: February 2012

The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction in hydrodynamic and thermal
characteristics of an incompressible forced 2-D plane jet flow are
investigated. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of a two dimensional
incompressible plane forced jet flow for two nanofluids has been performed.
The base fluid is water and the nanoparticles are Al O ,CuO 2 3 . The
numerical simulation is carried out for the solid volume fraction between 0
to 4%. The results for both nanofluids indicate that any increase in the
solid volume fraction decreases the amplitude of temperature, velocity time
histories, the turbulent intensities and that of the Reynolds stresses. The
results for both two nanoparticles also indicate that with any increase in
nanoparticle volume fraction, the velocity amplitude of velocity time
history, the turbulent intensities and Reynolds stress in 2 3 Al O -water are
greater than that ofCuO-water nanofluid.
Numerical investigation of entropy generation in laminar forced convection flow over inclined backward and forward facing steps in a duct under bleeding condition
Authors: Atashafrooz Meysam , Gandjalikhan Nassab , Ansari Babak
Published: February 2012

A numerical investigation of entropy generation in laminar forced convection
of gas flow over a recess including two inclined backward and forward facing
steps in a horizontal duct under bleeding condition is presented. For
calculation of entropy generation from the second law of thermodynamics in a
forced convection flow, the velocity and temperature distributions are
primary needed. For this purpose, the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate
system is used to solve the governing equations which are conservations of
mass, momentum and energy. These equations are solved numerically using the
computational fluid dynamic techniques to obtain the temperature and
velocity fields, while the blocked region method is employed to simulate the
inclined surface. Discretized forms of these equations are obtained by the
finite volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical
results are presented graphically and the effects of bleeding coefficient
and recess length as the main parameters on the distributions of entropy
generation number and Bejan number are investigated. Also, the effect of
Reynolds number and bleeding coefficient on total entropy generation which
shows the amount of flow irreversibilities is presented for two recess
length. The use of present results in the design process of such thermal
system would help the system attain the high performance during
exploitation. Comparison of numerical results with the available data
published in open literature shows a good consistency.
Numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement with the use of γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid and longitudinal ribs in a curved duct
Authors: Soltanipour Hosseinali , Choupani Parisa , Mirzaee Iraj
Published: February 2012

This paper presents a numerical investigation of heat transfer augmentation
using internal longitudinal ribs and ?-Al2O3/ water nanofluid in a stationary
curved square duct. The flow is assumed 3D, steady, laminar, and
incompressible with constant properties. Computations have been done by
solving Navier-Stokes and energy equations utilizing finite volume method.
Water has been selected as the base fluid and thermo- physical properties of
?- Al2o3/ water nanofluid have been calculated using available correlations
in the literature. The effects of Dean number, rib size and particle volume
fraction on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop have been
examined. Results show that nanoparticles can increase the heat transfer
coefficient considerably. For any fixed Dean number, relative heat transfer
rate (The ratio of the heat transfer coefficient in case the of ?- Al2o3/
water nanofluid to the base fluid) increases as the particle volume fraction
increases; however, the addition of nanoparticle to the base fluid is more
useful for low Dean numbers. In the case of water flow, results indicate that
the ratio of heat transfer rate of ribbed duct to smooth duct is nearly
independent of Dean number. Noticeable heat transfer enhancement, compared to
water flow in smooth duct, can be achieved when ?-Al2O3/ water nanofluid is
used as the working fluid in ribbed duct.
Model of psychotherapeutic crisis intervention following suicide attempt
Authors: Dedic Gordana
Published: February 2012

nema
Effect of environmental conditions on degree of hoof wall hydration in horses
Authors: Hampson Brian A. , de Laat Melody A. , Mills Paul C. , Pollitt Chris C.
Published: February 2012

Objective—To determine the effect of various environmental conditions on the degree of hydration in hoof wall horn tissue from feral horses and investigate the effect of short-term foot soaking on moisture content in hoof wall and sole tissue in domestic horses.

Animals—40 feral horses from 3 environments (wet and boggy [n = 10], partially flooded [20], and constantly dry desert [10]) and 6 nonferal Quarter Horses.

Procedures—The percentage of moisture content of hoof wall samples from feral horses was measured in vitro. In a separate evaluation, the percentage of moisture content of hoof wall and sole tissue was measured in the dry and soaked forefeet of Quarter Horses.

Results—Mean ± SD percentage of moisture content was 29.6 ± 5.1%, 29.5 ± 5.8%, and 29.5 ± 2.9% for feral horses from the wet and boggy, partially flooded, and constantly dry desert environments, respectively. Moisture content did not differ among the 3 groups, nor did it differ between dry and soaked hoof wall samples from nonferal horses. However, soaking in water for 2 hours resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of moisture content of the sole.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Environmental conditions do not appear to affect moisture content in the hoof wall horn. Soaking horses' feet regularly in water would be unlikely to change the degree of hydration in the hoof wall horn but may further hydrate the sole.
Neurochemical Characterization of Pterygopalatine Ganglion Branches in Humans
Authors: Ebbeling Michelle B. , Oomen Karin P. , De Ru Jacob A. , Hordijk Gerrit J. , Bleys Ronald L.
Published: February 2012

Background

Pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) branches, seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of facial pain. The functions of these branches, including a recently discovered orbital branch, are not completely known but could be of clinical significance. This study was designed to characterize PPG branches through immunohistochemical stain and study their anatomy, specifically the orbital branches.

Methods

In a cadaver study of four specimens, the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) was dissected out of its bony surroundings as a tissue block. Subsequently, cryostat sectioning of these blocks was performed. In one specimen the PPF was microscopically dissected. Recently discovered neural structures were identified, dissected out of the tissue block, and cryosectioned. All cryostat sectionings were immunohistochemically stained for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH).

Results

A recently discovered neural connection between the PPG and the ophthalmic nerve could be confirmed and classified as an orbital PPG branch. The connection stained throughout for PGP 9.5 and partially stained for NOS. In other orbital branches, both NOS and TH+ nerve fibers were found. The PPG contained NOS+ cells. TH labeling was also found in nerve fibers running through the PPG and the vidian nerve.

Conclusion

The recently discovered orbital PPG branch is of a mixed parasympathetic and sensory nature. In the other orbital branches, sympathetic fibers were shown as well. This knowledge may add to understanding the symptomatology and therapies of headache syndromes such as nerve block.
Technological Innovations in Tissue Removal during Rhinologic Surgery
Authors: Sindwani Raj , Manz Ryan
Published: February 2012

Background

The modern rhinologist has a wide variety of technological innovations at his/her disposal for the removal of soft tissue and bone during endoscopic surgery. We identified and critically evaluated four leading tissue removal technologies that have impacted, or are poised to impact, rhinological surgery.

Methods

A literature review was conducted.

Results

Technological functions, strengths and limitations of microdebriders, radio frequency ablation, endoscopic drills, and ultrasonic aspirators were explored. The primary drawback of powered instruments continues to be the higher costs associated with their use, and their main advantage is the ability to accomplish multiple functions such as tissue removal, suction, and irrigation, all with one tool. The effective and safe use of any powered instrument requires an intimate understanding of its function, capabilities, and limitations.

Conclusion

Powered instrumentation continues to play a significant and evolving role in soft tissue and bone removal during rhinologic surgery.
Corelationship between Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 Expression and Severity of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Wang Ling-Feng , Chien Chen-Yu , Chiang Feng-Yu , Chai Chee-Yin , Tai Chih-Feng
Published: February 2012

Background

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is involved in the remodeling process of inflammatory airway diseases and is correlated with the severity of asthma. We hypothesized that MMP was associated with the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). We also investigated the effect of allergy on the expression of MMP in the polyp.

Methods

The expression of MMP-2 and -9 was investigated in recurrent nasal polyps of 30 patients and in nonrecurrent nasal polyps of 31 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. These expressions were then compared with those in control nasal mucosal samples obtained from 32 patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Demographic data, Lund-Mackay (LM) score, polyp grade, and allergy status were obtained for all patients. Tissue samples were assessed via immunohistochemistry.

Results

MMP-2 and -9 were constantly expressed in recurrent NPs, primary NPs, and control nasal mucosa. The expression of MMP-9 was significantly enhanced in glands and MMP-2 positivity was significantly increased in surface epithelium for patients with NPs when compared with control nasal mucosa. The expression of MMP-9 and -2 was not correlated with polyp grade and LM score. Allergic status is an independent factor in the expression of MMP-2 and -9.

Conclusion

These results suggested up-regulation of MMP-9, and MMP-2 in gland and surface epithelium, respectively, were characteristic of NPs. Therefore, patients with allergy will exhibit greater MMP-2 and -9 positivity. However, the MMP-2 and -9 expression intensity was not correlated with the severity of CRS with nasal polyposis.
The Role of Nitrosative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Unexplained Chronic Cough with Cough Hypersensitivity
Authors: Bae Yun-Jeong , Moon Keun Ai , Kim Tae-Bum , Jang Yong Ju , Lee Yoon Su , Park Chan Sun , Lee Ki-Young , Moon Hee-Bom , Cho You Sook
Published: February 2012

Background

Unexplained chronic cough is a common condition without specific causes. A hyperreactivity of the cough reflex has been suggested as a mechanism for inducing chronic cough. We hypothesized that nitrosative stress in the upper airway might play a role in cough hypersensitivity by causing neurochemical abnormalities.

Methods

Fifty-one patients with unexplained chronic cough and 27 controls were enrolled. A capsaicin cough provocation test was performed to determine cough sensitivity. Nitrosative stress in the upper airway was assessed by quantifying 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunostaining in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and measuring nasal nitric oxide (nNO). The effect of NO on airway epithelium was investigated by measuring the levels of substance P (SP) in nasal lavage fluid and evaluating SP expression in airway epithelial cells.

Results

Based on the results of the capsaicin test, patients were divided into two groups: a cough hypersensitivity (CHS) group and a normal cough sensitivity (NCS) group. The levels of 3-NT immunoreactivity in NECs were significantly higher in CHS (49 ± 2.9%) than in NCS (27 ± 3.3%) and controls (12 ± 1.6%), a pattern that was also reflected in the values of nNO (350 ± 43, 215 ± 23, and 138 ± 23 ppb in CHS, NCS, and controls, respectively). SP concentration was also elevated in nasal lavage fluids from CHS (746 ± 28 pg/mL) compared with that from NCS (624 ± 40 pg/mL) and controls (526 ± 41 pg/mL). SP expression in airway epithelial cells was greatly enhanced by exposure to NO donor, which was attenuated by pretreatment with either NO scavenger or NO synthase inhibitor.

Conclusion

Increased nitrosative stress in the upper airway may play a role in the pathogenesis of unexplained chronic cough with CHS through enhanced secretion of SP.
The Effects of Corticosteroid on Tissue Lactoferrin in Patients with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Acıoğlu Engin , Yigit Özgür , Alkan Zeynep , Azizli Elad , Gelişgen Ramisa , Uzun Hafize
Published: February 2012

Background

Although, lactoferrin (LF) is the second most important antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptide after lysozyme in upper respiratory tract, little is known about its role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Recent studies pronounced that LF levels were significantly reduced in CRS with nasal polyposis (NP) compared with other subgroups. However, effects of systemic corticosteroid (CS) treatment, which is currently the main NP treatment modality, and subsequent surgical intervention on LF levels are still not known. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of CS treatment and surgical intervention on LF levels in patients with NP.

Methods

Patients with inflammatory NP who were scheduled to undergo CS treatment and a control group were included in this study. LF levels were determined from mucosal samples taken from both groups, before and after CS treatment, and also 1 month after surgical intervention.

Results

Twenty-seven patients with NP and 14 patients who underwent septoplasty were included in the study. Tissue LF levels were significantly lower in the NP group compared with the control group (p = 0.014). Tissue LF levels did not change significantly in NP patients after CS treatment. However, a significant reduction in tissue LF was detected 1 month after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Conclusion

Tissue LF concentrations significantly decreased in patients with NP. CS treatment had no effect on tissue LF levels, whereas postendoscopic sinus surgery, tissue LF levels were getting lower because there was also a reduction in inflammatory load (whether from reduction in mucosa surface area or resolution of disease).
Suppression of Connexin 26 is Related to Protease-Activated Receptor 2–Mediated Pathway in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Zheng Jing , Liu Wenlong , Fan Yunping , Ye Xingling , Xia Wentong , Wang Hongtian , Shi Jianbo , Xu Geng , Li Huabin
Published: February 2012

Background

Connexin (Cx) 26 plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of tight junctions. However, the expression and modulation of Cx26 in allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been well understood.

Methods

We detected the expression of Cx26 in house-dust mite (HDM)–sensitized AR patients and investigated the Cx26 production and modulation in primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and BEAS-2B cells after treatment with the allergen Der p 1 from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

Results

We found that the mRNA and protein levels of Cx26 were significantly down-regulated in AR patients compared with the control. Der p 1 was found to induce protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) expression and suppress Cx26 production significantly in vitro. PAR2 siRNA was shown to prevent the suppression of Cx26 induced by Der p 1 in BEAS-2B cells.

Conclusion

The suppression of Cx26 in HDM-sensitized AR patients is related to a PAR2-mediated pathway and might serve during the initiation and maintenance of AR. Targeting the PAR2-mediated Cx26 suppression may be a potential means of preventing allergic sensitization.
Integrating Metal-Oxide-Decorated CNT Networks with a CMOS Readout in a Gas Sensor
Authors: Lee Hyunjoong , Lee Sanghoon , Kim Dai-Hong , Perello David , Park Young June , Hong Seong-Hyeon , Yun Minhee , Kim Suhwan
Published: February 2012

We have implemented a tin-oxide-decorated carbon nanotube (CNT) network gas sensor system on a single die. We have also demonstrated the deposition of metallic tin on the CNT network, its subsequent oxidation in air, and the improvement of the lifetime of the sensors. The fabricated array of CNT sensors contains 128 sensor cells for added redundancy and increased accuracy. The read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) was combined with coarse and fine time-to-digital converters to extend its resolution in a power-efficient way. The ROIC is fabricated using a 0.35 µm CMOS process, and the whole sensor system consumes 30 mA at 5 V. The sensor system was successfully tested in the detection of ammonia gas at elevated temperatures.
18F-fluoride PET/CT for bone scanning
Authors: Dannat T. , Hartung V. , Bockisch A. , Rosenbaum-Krumme S. , Nagarajah J.
Published: February 2012

Aim: 18F-fluoride PET/CT is a promising tool for bone scanning. Recently, guidelines concerning the conduct of 18F-fluoride PET/CT have been published. One open question of the German guideline was the necessity of attenuation correction for 18F-fluoride PET/CT. We evaluated the need for a CT-based attenuation correction in 18F-fluoride PET/CT scans for the detection of bone lesions. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed wholebody 18F-Fluoride PET/CT scans of 59 cancer patients. The lesions were categorized as malignant, benign or inconclusive. This assignment was performed for every lesion in both: attenuation corrected (AC) and non-attenuation- corrected (NAC) images. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the lesion in the AC images were also determined. Results: All bone lesions were detected in both image modalities. The AC images revealed 201 lesions categorized as malignant, 114 as benign and 35 as inconclusive. Without an AC, the results were 209, 116 and 25, respectively (p > 0.05). 10/35 lesions categorized as inconclusive in the AC images were categorized as malignant in the NAC images, whereas 8 lesions were confirmed after comparison with other imaging modalities and follow-up data and 2 lesions were categorized as benign. The SUVmax for lesions identified as malignant showed a broad overlap with the SUV max of benign lesions and can consequently not be used for differentiation. Conclusion: An AC is not necessary for detecting bone lesions on 18F-fluoride PET/CT scans as the detection capability is identical for NAC imaging and lesion assignment was even better than with AC imaging. SUVmax seems not to improve the differentiation between malignant and benign bone lesions.
Prevalence of spondylosis deformans in the feline spine and correlation with owner-perceived behavioural changes
Authors: Meij B. P. , van Hofwegen E. M. L. , Voorhout G. , Slingerland L. I. , Picavet P. , Hazewinkel H. A. W. , Kranenburg H. C.
Published: February 2012

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the prevalence, spinal distribution, and association with the signalment of cats suffering from different grades of feline spondylosis deformans (spondylosis). The secondary objective was to document behavioural changes associated with spondylosis by owner observation.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of feline spondylosis (group 1). A prospective study was performed to determine the association between radiographic abnormalities of the lumbosacral region (L3-S1) and owner perceived behavioural changes based on a completed questionnaire (group 2). The radiographs were reviewed using a grading system (0–3) for spondylosis.

Results: The prevalence of spondylosis in group 1 was 39.4% (158/402). Cats with spondylosis were significantly older than cats without spondylosis (p <0.001). The thoracic (T) vertebrae T4-T10 were most often affected by spondylosis, but spondylosis was most severe in the T10-S1 vertebrae. In group 2, spondylosis of the lumbosacral region was significantly correlated with owner-reported behavioural changes, such as a decreased willingness to greet people and to being petted, increased aggressiveness, and a poor perceived quality of life (p = 0.037).

Clinical significance: This study found that feline spondylosis is common and that spondylosis of the lumbosacral region may be accompanied by behavioural changes.
Flourishing Through Scuba: Understanding The Pursuit of Dive Experiences
Authors: Kler Balvinder Kaur , Tribe John
Published: February 2012

This article presents evidence for a new facet of our understanding of why scuba divers pursue their interest so fervently and are willing to travel to do so. The perennial question of why people travel is addressed through the concept of eudaimonia, the good life, or flourishing, an
idea originating with Aristotle but currently enjoying renewed interest in the context of positive psychology and well-being tourism. Results of a qualitative study are presented through themes that resonate with the authentic happiness model used to evaluate long-term satisfaction, happiness,
or eudaimonia. Exploratory findings indicate that participants gain meaning and fulfillment from the acts of learning and personal growth, and they are motivated to dive because this special interest promotes positive experiences, which may lead to the good life.
Forming Scuba Diving Environmental Codes of Conduct: What Entry-level Divers are Taught in Their First Certification Course
Authors: Johansen Kelsey M. , Koster Rhonda L.
Published: February 2012

Research on dive tourism has focused on diver impacts, predive briefings, and dive master interference. Recognizing diver impacts on marine environments, entry-level certification courses discuss them and encourage low-impact diving; several espouse a code of conduct. Dive tourists,
a significant portion of the diving population, are unlikely to move beyond basic certification. It is essential to impart sufficient knowledge for them to form codes of conduct in these courses. Using content analysis, this article examines environmental content across three agencies entry-level
manuals. It highlights their environmental messages (positive, missed, and conflicting) and concludes that not all courses impart the knowledge required for divers to form personal codes of conduct.
Design of Parsing Framework with SWF File
Authors: Chen Yao Fei , Ni Ying Hua
Published: February 2012

This paper analysis the file structure of SWF. Design the parsing framework of SWF file and introduce the whole process. The parsing process is in two important steps: file head parsing and tag parsing. Analysis the format of header and Tag. Describes the structure of short tag and long tag. On the basis of the parsing procedures, a visual basic procedure is designed to achieve SWF environmental information, element information and control of information. Clarify the internal structure of the SWF file, which is important for parsing SWF.
Application of Urban Water Demand Prediction Model by Using Particle Swarm Algorithm Based on Simulated Annealing
Authors: Sun Bo , Xie Jian Cang , Wang Ni
Published: February 2012

Water demand prediction is a complicated multifactor, multi-level non-linear system influenced by the urban population, industrial and economic level. The results of the prediction accuracy have a greater uncertainty and ambiguity. As a new cluster intelligent evolutionary algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is easy to understand, easy to implement ,and it is very suitable for non-linear model parameters fitting problems. At the same time, we will introduce the simulated annealing mechanism into particle swarm optimization algorithm, constructed the optimization algorithm of simulated annealing particle swarm (SA-PSO). In the paper, the optimization algorithm of simulated annealing particle swarm (SA-PSO) is applied to the field of water demand prediction. Example show that compared with the particle swarm algorithm, simulated annealing particle swarm optimization achieves a high prediction accuracy for urban water demand prediction, and it is strong applicability in the water demand forecast.
Research on MPLS Network Topology Aggregation Algorithm With The Effective Connected Dominating Sets
Authors: Feng Jing , Ma Sheng Qian , Fan Man Hong , Wang Ke Ning
Published: February 2012

Using dominating set can aggregate the complex physical network topologies into simple virtual topologies and reduce the cost of the networks. In the Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, the dominating set constructed based on label router can effectively aggregate MPLS network topology and reduce the amount of Label Switching Path (LSP), so as to save the expenses of network maintain information. However, simply considering the size of dominating set can't guarantee the best performance of the networks after aggregating. Therefore, an improved algorithm based on breadth-first search spanning tree is proposed, considering the size of the dominating set, bandwidth performance of the nodes and path length between nodes, which can effectively extend the MPLS network, with excellent bandwidth performance and reduce the data transmission delay.
Design of the Clutch Friction Plate Temperature Acquisition System Based on Zigbee
Authors: Liu Xing Long , Xi Jun Qiang , Luo Li Peng , Hu Yu Hui
Published: February 2012

The concept of clutch friction plate temperature acquisition system is proposed based on Zigbee wireless technology because the clutch is of high-speed rotation and is hard to be wired. The Zigbee module based on MC13213 is selected as the core unit. The hardware and software of clutch temperature acquisition system are designed. Finally the bench test is conducted, which verifies the feasibility and reliability of the design.
Allowable Stress Design of Rupture Strength Based on Confidence Level of 9Cr-1Mo Steel
Authors: Pei Ji Bin , Zhao Yun Feng , Yu Shao Ping , Zhao Jie
Published: February 2012

The scattering of creep rupture data was represented by Z-parameter method based on Larson-Miller method. It was verified that the values of Z were supported by normal distribution. After obtained the distribution characteristics of creep rupture data using Z-parameter, reliability design for rupture allowable stress was carried out according to design life. Safety factor method is used for safety guarantee in conventional rupture allowable stress design and minimum rupture strength method is used in some standard. In comparison with safety factor method and minimum rupture strength method, it can be seen that reliability design based on Z-parameter is more agree with experimental data than other methods. Reliability design provides more precise results by considering the real distribution of creep rupture property and provides more flexible choice for design due to the need of safety and economy.
The Coupling Effect between Aerobic Exercise and Physical & Form of the Youth
Authors: Chen Yan , Qin Ai Min , Su Bo
Published: February 2012

Aerobics can through the big load workout, consumption of excess fat in the body, the body form and body composition have greatly improved, and this can help shape and size of the strong and handsome youth healthy physique. The author through the contrast experiment method to young students body composition and cardiopulmonary function measurement, in order to understand the aerobic exercise to young students' physical effects. The results showed that after aerobic exercise of young students measurements close to our country race standards; BMI, WHR, body fat rate are significantly lower; Cardiopulmonary function increase apparently.
Finite Element Analysis on the Brake Shimmy of Drum Brake
Authors: Xu Ying Qiang , Zhang Qiong Wei , Zhao Jian Hua
Published: February 2012

This paper adopts finite-element method to analyze and test the factors which influence the brake shimmy. Based on the prototype of a particular heavy truck, finite element model of the brake shimmy about drum brake is developed upon the mechanism analysis of drum brake. The reasons that drum brake has oscillation phenomenon during braking process is analyzed by simulation and calculation the transient response in this process. Tests indicate that results of finite element analysis are consistent with the conclusion of real vehicle road test.
An Improved Algorithm of Underwater Target Feature Abstracting Based on Target Azimuth Tendency
Authors: Xu Yu , Yuan Bing Cheng , Zhang Hong Gang
Published: February 2012

Abstracting underwater target azimuth tendency feature is a common method to identify underwater target dimension. The cross-spectrum method of splitting beam is often used to abstracting underwater target azimuth tendency feature. But when the SNR is very low, this method is inefficient. In this thesis, an improved algorithm is presented to abstract underwater target azimuth tendency feature which can be used in the low SNR. In the algorithm, the underwater target highlight structure feature is used, and by least square fitting twice the underwater target azimuth tendency feature will be finally obtained. The simulation experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can be used to abstract underwater target azimuth tendency feature even when the SNR is very low. The improved algorithm has made an important foundation for further studying the feature detection and recognition of an underwater target dimension.
Research to the Liquid Level Control of Water Tank Based on Fuzzy Immune PID Controller
Authors: Chen Huai Zhong
Published: February 2012

Because the characteristics of the liquid level control conditioner are nonlinear, strong inertia, time-variant and pure delay, the conventional PID control is often ineffective. A fuzzy immune PID controller was designed based on the immune feedback mechanism and the fuzzy control theory, used the genetic algorithm to optimize the immune PID parameters, established a the liquid level control of water tank control system model, and applied fuzzy immune PID control technology to simulate the liquid level control through Matlab emulation., simulation results show that the control system has the characteristic of rapid adjustment, high regulation enec, therefore it has the feasibility and the promotion of a certain value.
FE Calculation and Analysis of Plain Dent Size Influence on Pipeline Displacement
Authors: Ying Wu , Peng Zhang , Wu Liu
Published: February 2012

According to the report of the United States transportation department, mechanical damage is one of the most important reasons for the pipeline accident .The most typical form of mechanical damage is indentation. Dent defect is one of the important factors affecting pipeline fatigue life, and it will greatly reduce the fatigue life of the pipeline in service. Meanwhile the dent displacement will be changed with the operation pressure fluctuations of the in-service pipeline, resulting in a circular bending stress, which directly affect the pipeline fatigue life. For typical plain dent on pipeline, the finite element models are established under different circumstances. A large number of the calculation results are sorted, inducted, drawed. On this basis, the results are analyzed by univariate. Non-linear regression analysis was utilized to fit the results by matlab, some specific expressions of the relationship between the dented pipeline displacements and the dent depth, the dent longitudinal length are obtained after much calculation and analog.
A Modifying Sub-Threshold Weak Conjugate Gradient Pursuit Method
Authors: Yang Zhi Yuan , Li Jian Ping , Dong En Ming
Published: February 2012

A modifying Sub-threshold Weak Conjugate Gradient Pursuit Method is proposed to improve recovery accuracy of Compressed Sensing. This method adds a direction in the Directional Pursuit Method and uses a stopping criterion for the indices of elements, then the evaluation of sparse signal is obtained by using Least Square Method. The simulation shows that for the same sparsity level, the number of measurements needed by the method is less than that needed by MP or StOMP-FDR to exactly recover, and the recovery accuracy is higher.
Coupling Evaluation of Concrete Quality Based on PCA-WNN
Authors: Huang Chong Hao , Lin Zhen Rong , Bao Guo , Lu Yu Song
Published: February 2012

Concrete quality evaluation is an important basic work for the concrete environmental management and protection. This paper presents a new concrete quality monitoring method based on principal component analysis-wavelet neural network combined model. First, the establishment of concrete quality evaluation index system, and then using principal component analysis to remove the relevance, overlap information of indicators, the representative indexes obtained were standardized and imported into the wavelet network neural model, the results of network study that used for the concrete quality comprehensively monitoring
Conversions of Magnetic Anomaly and 3-D Inversion at Low Magnetic Latitudes
Authors: Li Jian Hua , Xi Zhen
Published: February 2012

At low magnetic latitudes, the magnetization direction is almost horizontal, amplification effect of pole reduction factor causes band-shape fake anomaly along the direction of the magnetic declination. Experts have been solving the problem pole reduction at low magnetic latitudes (RTP-L). However, no greatly effective method has been found. The magnetic anomaly with a reduction procedure at low magnetic latitudes misleads the judgment of experts if the method is not well used. For making a reliable magnetic anomaly interpretation result at low magnetic latitudes, it is proposed that a pole reduction procedure can be approximately simulated by the total field multiplied by -1 in this paper. In addition, a comprehensive magnetic anomaly conversions and inversion method is assembled and restricted at low magnetic latitudes including non-linear filter, analytic signal and 3-D inversion to avoid the distortion of magnetic anomaly during reduction to pole (RTP). This method takes into account the magnetic anomaly characteristics at low magnetic latitudes. The application of this method can prevent the uncertain factor of RTP-L, give the boundary of magnetite, and provide shapes and size of magnetite effectively without involving the directions of magnetization. It made good effect in Pampa de Pongo Fe deposit in Peru which is located near the magnetic equator (inclination=5.5°). Therefore, a simple method to simulate RTP-L, combined with non-linear filter, analytic signal, 3-D inversion, can enhance the reliability and accuracy of magnetic anomalies interpretation at low magnetic latitudes.
Research of Security Mechanisms Based on LogicSQL Database
Authors: Li Dan Ning , Li Qi , Ma Xin Qiang
Published: February 2012

LogicSQL is an object relational database management system implemented with the advanced (formula-lock based) concurrency control protocol, and the steged database architecture. It is independently developed based on the Linux high-level security database system. Ministry of Science and Technology "863" Database Group of the major projects comments LogicSQL database "It is the only hope that China’s database products will be able to contend with America’s mainstream database products in the next few years." Access control policies are security policies that govern access to resources. It can be applied to several new types of databases. In this paper, we discuss access control in multilevel database management systems applies and illustrate the main applies of security mechanisms in the LogicSQL database system.
Robust Optimization Design and Evaluation to Five Roller Coating Module without Solvent Based on Axiomatic Design
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Xiao Chuan Ming , Zhang Jian , Cai Li Gang , Gu Pei Hua
Published: February 2012

Making quality control in the design stage can greatly improve product's robustness and save costs. The whole system function variance model and the sensitivity index model are established combined with axiomatic design and then making comparative evaluation to them combined with information axiom. A fundamental model of describing relationships among function and structural characteristics, design parameters and uncontrollable factors in non-linear systems which based on Taylor expansion is proposed. And then the relation between robust design, information axiom and the concept of information is expounded. The solution to information amounts can be used as the evaluation index to the result of robust design. Finally, combined with coating head example show that the method can optimize design parameters reasonably, reduce design time and cost effectively under the premise of meeting product performance.
Optimization of the OOP Children Restraint System
Authors: Bai Zhong Hao , Fei Jing , Ma Wei Jie
Published: February 2012

Based on the study of SAE J1980-2008 and FMVSS 208, MADYMO7.1 is used to establish a Multi-body and FE model for two OOP children, and the statistic test is implemented to verify the accuracy of the model. The airbag parameters impacting OOP children greatly and their ranges are selected to determine the objective function. With the Latin Hypercube Sampling method, the Kring approximate model is constructed, and multi-island genetic algorithm is used in subsequently parameters optimization. The results show that the proposed optimization method can provide effective protection for 6-year-old OOP children.
On the Mean Value of a New Arithmetical Function
Authors: Wang Ming Jun
Published: February 2012

To study one of the problems that Romania number theorist F. Smarandache has proposed and to generalize it. For any positive integer let denotes the natural sequence where each number is repeated times. Based on the general term formula, the asymptotic properties of this sequence and some hybrid functions are studied using the elementary method, the asymptotic formulae are obtained ,thus enriching the study and application of this sequence.
Android Development and Mobile E-Commerce Research
Authors: Liu Yan Jun , Liu Zu Peng
Published: February 2012

With the development of e-commerce technology and mobile communications technology, a new business model is emerged, which is the mobile e-commerce. It is flexible and convenient, without time and geographical constraints, so it has a huge market potential. In this paper, the program development of android mobile phones and mobile e-commerce architecture are studied. First, the mobile e-commerce and Android system are introduced, and then mobile e-commerce architecture and android application development are studied, the key technology in mobile e-commerce is researched and discussed.
Wear-Resistance of Die Steel with Non-Smooth Surface Used to Pressure Casting Die Processed by Laser
Authors: Chen L. , Li T.J. , Han Zhi Wu , Chen J.
Published: February 2012

Various non-smooth surfaces that are similar to the surfaces of animal biont are processed on the die steel by laser to improve the wear-resistance and life-span of die. The wear-resistance of various specimens was measured. The results show that the wear-resistance of specimens with non-smooth surfaces are better than that of the smooth specimen. The wear-resistance of specimen whole processed by laser is between the specimen in 2mm distance and 3mm distance. The shape and distributing distance of non-smooth unit affect the wear-resistance of non-smooth specimens because they affect the area ratio and the hardness of non-smooth unit. The non-smooth unit with higher hardness can underprop load, prevent abrasive particles from penetrating into the matrix material and block the wear progress during wear process. Thus the wear-resistance is improved.
Wear of Throwing End of Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher
Authors: Zhang Jun Ming
Published: February 2012

Statistics show that China currently applied in the vertical shaft impact crusher, the intensity itself is not a major problem affecting the life, the most critical issue is the main material throw head wear . Vertical shaft impact crusher rotor system based on virtual prototyping, combined with the actual working conditions and research objectives, in ADAMS dynamic simulation of the rotor system, a spindle speed at 1600r/min obtained when different materials on the first intermediate principal cast material suffered impact relationships
Study on the Oil Film Static Performance of Sliding Bearings with Different Throttling Methods
Authors: Li Da Ying , Jiang Gui Yun
Published: February 2012

The restrictors of fluid lubricated sliding bearings play vital role in oil film rigidity and carrying capacity of bearings. The mathematical models for solution of the oil film static performance of the bearings with four different restrictors were presented and the numerical solution methods were analyzed. The solutions for oil film static characteristics in many aspects such as discretization of Reynolds equation, building clearance function, determinating boundary conditions, constructing continuity equation, deducing the models of oil inlet flow, solving the carrying capacity were conducted. The computational results show that the bearings with capillary or orifice restrictor have lower carrying capacity and oil film rigidity than those with sliding valve feedback or film feedback restrictors.
Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Behavior of Intermittent Roller Chain Drives
Authors: Xu Li Xin , Li Yong Gang
Published: February 2012

A detailed numerical simulation analysis on the dynamic response of intermittent roller chain drive has been carried out in this study. Instead of using analytical method, three dimension solid modeling software and multi-rigid body dynamic analysis software are utilized for modeling and simulating the dynamic behavior of chain drive. The longitudinal vibration response of the chain links is concentrated on, which aims to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the intermittent chain drive under varying motion laws such as the modified sinusoid (MS), the modified constant velocity (MCV) and the unsymmetrical modified trapezoid (UMT). The simulation results can enable designers to require information on the analysis and design of mechanisms with the intermittent roller chain drives.
Study on Transient Response Analysis and Fatigue Life Evaluation of Water Pump Volute Casing under Impact Load
Authors: Li Min , Yin Zeng Hui , Shi Kui , Liu Jian Xin , Du Hui Yong
Published: February 2012

A water pump volute casing was found leak after 359 hours in a 500-hour-durability bench test. The flatness of big surface, flaw detection and material strength of the pump volute casing were tested, the failure reason was identified and the structure was optimized. The fatigue life of the optimization pump volute casing was simulated by applying S-N curve method, and the optimization structure was also identified successfully by experiments.
The Error Analysis of Gyroscope Drifs to the Rate Azimuth Platform System
Authors: Wang Feng Lin , Wen Xiu Lan , Wang Dong Xia
Published: February 2012

To master the influence of deterministic system error to navigation system, so can accurately present the precision index of gyroscopes and accelerometers, which are the main components of rate azimuth platform inertial navigation system, and initial calibration precision. With the error equations under static state, the characteristic equation of rate azimuth platform inertial navigation system is set up. Based on the solutions of the error equation, and the system error characteristics caused by the gyroscope drifts are deduced with analytical method.
High Precision Reverse Engineering Design for Complex Structural Component Based on Meta Feature
Authors: Wu Wen Wu , Hong Jun , Li Bao Tong , Yang Zhao Hui
Published: February 2012

A high precision reverse engineering design method for complex structural component which based on the meta feature is presented. The defining method for minimal discretization meta feature is studied through the case study of an axial compressor’s impeller. Then the evaluation model of matching quality between RE planning and meta features on the basis of feature analysis and fuzzy synthesis evaluation method is put forward to select the optimal RE planning for different kinds of meta features. Combined with the split silicone mould replication method in engineering, the 3D geometry data acquisition is accurately accomplished and the reconstruction of the impeller’s model is realized from the geometric constraint angle of view and the point cloud registration of multiple views technology based on characteristic constraint. The results indicate that this method is effective for improving the measuring efficiency and quality.
Research on Virtual Hobbing Simulation and Study of Tooth Surface Accuracy of Involute Helical Gears
Authors: Zhang Xing Lin , Wang Zhong Hou , Li Gang
Published: February 2012

Based on the gear generation principle, taking the professional software as the tool, the problem of virtual hobbing simulation on involute helical gears was studied, and virtual hobbing simulation of hobbing on the whole gear was completed by using macros of CATIA V5. The validity of this method was validated through analyzing the tooth surface accuracy error of the model which was below 1µm between the virtual tooth surface and the theoretical tooth surface and the possible factors affected the tooth surface accuracy during manufacturing was also carried on the discussion. It offers a fictitious three-D platform for studying the principle of gear cutting machine's error as well as the finite element analysis between the ideal tooth surface and the erroneous tooth surface.
Discussion of the Modern Electronic Technology Application and Future Development Trend on Automobile
Authors: Chen Jin Song
Published: February 2012

After the reform and opening-up policy, the automobile industry of our country has improved greatly. The using of modern electronic technology is daily enriched in international high-end automobile and has strong competitiveness in market economy. If our automobile industry wants to be the pillar industry, besides doing well in basic mechanical skill, amalgamating the modern electronic equipment that the public need and want is also very important. This paper analyzes the application of the electronic technology in the automobile and then looks forward to the future development trend of the automobile industry. Hoping this paper will help the workers in the related industry.
The Comparative Research on Air Quality of Natural Ventilation Unit and Air Conditioning Unit in Hospital Building
Authors: Gong Lei , Zhou Hui , Liu Cheng Hua
Published: February 2012

As the public facility of social health insurance, the hospital is closely linked with people's life. With China's rapid economic development, the cause of health and medical science continues to advance, which promote the medical building constantly updating and bring in more and more new equipment and new design concepts in medical building. This article selects two groups of general wards in the affiliated hospital of Zunyi Medical College as the monitored object.Through the comparison and analysis on bacterial cultivation qualified rate and incidence rate between the air conditioning unit and natural ventilation unit, we clarifed the use of air conditioning effect on indoor air quality, and gave some advice on general hospital design from the viewpoint of architecture design.