bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Nueva normalidad”, ¿nuevas formas de colonialidad?
Authors: PALERMO ZULMA
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN Ante la ansiedad que produce la incertidumbre del tiempo por venir -el posible “después” de la pandemia que nos abruma- relevo en estas líneas, de manera general, lo que     encuentro circula en los discursos político, mediático y académico en torno a esa cuestión. A la presencia masiva de las perspectivas más difundidas –siempre en los extremos de la dicotomía del pensamiento moderno- incorporo algunas otras emergencias nacidas en un lugar otro, sin por ello asumirlas como respuestas de total validez sino como apertura a la presencia de alternativas a la clara posibilidad del retorno al “horror social” y al “terricidio”.Palabras clave: Estado Nación. República. Democracia. Diseños alternativos. "New normality", new forms of coloniality?ABSTRACTFaced with the anxiety produced by the uncertainty of the time to come - the possible "after" the pandemic that overwhelms us - I take over in these lines, in a general way, what I find circulates in the political, media and academic discourses around this question . To the massive presence of the most widespread perspectives - always at the extremes of the dichotomy of modern thought - I incorporate some other emergencies born in a different place, without assuming them as responses of total validity but rather as an opening to the presence of alternatives to clear possibility of a return to "social horror" and "terricide".Keywords: Nation State. Republic. Democracy. Alternative Designs.
Fatores de Antropização no Isolamento e Distanciamento Sociais durante a Pandemia DE COVID-19: estudo de caso em cidade local da amazônia estuarina
Authors: FERNANDES JOSÉ GUILHERME DOS SANTOS , SERUFFO MARCOS CÉSAR DA ROCHA , PALHA RONDINELL AQUINO , SALES RENATA SILVA , SANTOS SUZANNE ALBUQUERQUE DOS
Published: December 2020

RESUMOConsiderando a pandemia atual, este artigo aborda fatores de antropização que auxiliem indicadores de distanciamento social considerando realidades próprias da região amazônica. Foi conduzida a aplicação de formulário com moradores da cidade de São Caetano de Odivelas - Pará, localizada na zona estuarina do rio Amazonas, quanto à concordância, discordância ou indiferença por decorrência de determinações governamentais e de saúde pública. Observou-se que há dificuldade em relacionar demandas locais com as nacionais e globais, acarretando em comportamentos que podem comprometer a eficiência do isolamento social, assim, são propostos indicadores para distanciamento social.Palavras-chave: Indicadores. Coronavírus. Antropização. Isolamento Social. Distanciamento Social. Cidade Local.Anthropization factors in social isolation and distancing during the Covid-19 Pandemic: case study in a local city of estuarian amazon ABSTRACTConsidering the current pandemic, this article addresses anthropization factors that help social distancing indicators focused on realities specific to the Amazon region. A form was applied to residents of the city of São Caetano de Odivelas - Pará, located in the estuarine zone of the Amazon River, regarding agreement, disagreement or indifference due to government and public health determinations. It was observed that there is difficulty in relating local demands with national and global ones, resulting in behaviors that can compromise the efficiency of social isolation, thus, indicators for social distance are proposed.Keywords: Indicators. Coronavirus. Anthropization, Social Isolation. Social Distancing. Local City.
O peregrynacjach artysty i jego dzieła. Przypadek "Efektu melodramy" Feliksa Pęczarskiego
Authors: Świętosławska Agnieszka , Talanowa Anna
Published: December 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest obrazowi Efekt melodramy należącemu do zbiorow Państwowego Muzeum Sztuki w Niżnym Nowogrodzie w Rosji. Blisko 60 lat temu Andrzej Ryszkiewicz zidentyfikował go jako dzieło warszawskiego malarza z połowy XIX wieku, Feliksa Pęczarskiego (1804/1805–1862). Tym samym badacz ten przyczynił się do poszerzenia wiedzy o nielicznie niestety zachowanym dorobku niezwykle ciekawego, głuchego artysty, ktory w swoich czasach zasłynął nie tylko jako autor biedermeierowskich portretow, ale przede wszystkim komicznych scen rodzajowych wykorzystujących karykaturalną charakterystykę fizjonomii postaci i groteskowo przerysowaną mimikę. Atrybucja zaproponowana przez Ryszkiewicza została w pełni przyjęta zarowno przez środowisko polskich badaczy, jak rownież rosyjskich muzealnikow opiekujących się kolekcją w Niżnym Nowogrodzie. Jednakże dotychczas nie została wyjaśniona kwestia sposobu, w jaki obraz trafił do odległej rosyjskiej prowincji.

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi probę rozwiązania tej zagadki. Według notatki XIX-wiecznego pamiętnikarza Franciszka Ksawerego Preka, ktory znał Pęczarskiego osobiście, ten ostatni podczas kilkuletniego pobytu na Lubelszczyźnie (gdzie powstał omawiany obraz) portretował bliżej nieokreśloną generałową rosyjską. Do zbiorow muzealnych Efekt melodramy trafił w 1924 roku z zamku we wsi Jurino. Przeprowadzona analiza, bazująca na kwerendzie w dawnych inwentarzach kolekcji zamkowej oraz badaniach historii dwoch arystokratycznych rodow związanych z majątkiem, Szeremietiewow i Skobelewow, pozwoliła wskazać osobę, ktora potencjalnie mogła być pierwszym nabywcą obrazu.
Ukraińskie malarstwo XIX i XX wieku: zarys głównych nurtów
Authors: Krawczenko Switłana
Published: December 2020

W artykule pt. Ukraińskie malarstwo XIX i XX wieków: zarys głównych nurtów zostały przedstawione najważniejsze tendencje w malarstwie ukraińskim ostatnich dwóch stuleci. Zaprezentowano sylwetki głównych artystów związanych z nurtem akademizmu, realizmu i impresjonizmu, tworzących portrety, pejzaże i sceny rodzajowe.
Osobne miejsce poświęcono niezwykle istotnym dla rozwoju malarstwa ukraińskiego – pieriedwiżnikom (przedstawicielom kierunku realistycznego) i specyfice ich twórczości. Na konkretnych przykładach artystów i ich dzieł scharakteryzowano przenikanie impresjonizmu do sztuki ukraińskiej. Podkreślono wpływ sytuacji społeczno-politycznej na stan i rozwój malarstwa ukraińskiego w XIX i XX stuleciach.
Dialéctica de la justicia. Una apología de Platón como crítico social
Authors: Maruy Van Den Broek Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Este artículo sostiene que Platón constituye un interlocutor fructífero para la Teoría crítica. Desde un diálogo con Axel Honneth, argumentaremos primero que la metodología de crítica social desarrollada en la República posee elementos constructivo-racionales y reconstructivo-hermenéuticos. Luego, enfatizaremos dos conceptos prefigurados en dicha obra que, mediante Hegel, yacen en el trasfondo de la Teoría crítica, a saber: holismo y patología social. Ello nos permitirá articular, como conclusión, una “dialéctica de la justicia” que, en el sentido de Adorno & Horkheimer, recorre la obra de Honneth.
Uma relação dialógica entre o universo literário e músico-teatral na obra de Cordel “Fogo Encantado”
Authors: Licursi Maria Beatriz , Leonido Levi Fernandes , Morgado Elsa Maria
Published: December 2020

A literatura de cordel, profundamente inserida no mundo da vida do homem nordestino, se constitui hoje em uma tradição cultural tão forte e arraigada que marca a sua identidade, de forma indelével. Historicamente considerada uma herança portuguesa o presente  artigo é um estudo comparativo dialógico entre o cordel do Brasil e o cordel de Portugal e suas influências nos movimentos artísticos, tendo como objeto de pesquisa na cultura brasileira o grupo cordelista Cordel do Fogo Encantado, apresentando uma reflexão sobre a adaptação da cultura popular de nosso país a favor da cultura progressiva e a estética da oralidade como experiência da teatralidade aliada a uma musicalidade moldada por/para essa experiência teatral.
Socio-economic Development and Anti-government Protests in Light of a New Quantitative Analysis of Global Databases
Authors: Korotayev Andrey , Sawyer Patrick , Grinin Leonid , Romanov Daniil , Shishkina Alisa
Published: December 2020

Previous studies have revealed a somewhat paradoxical strong positive correlation between per capita GDP and the intensity of anti-government demonstrations observed for the vast majority of countries (indeed, it turns out that the better people live, the more likely they are to join anti-government protests). The goal of this article is to identify possible causes of this unusual correlation. Our tests show that the processes of democratization and urbanization, as well as the expansion of formal education, are likely to be the main factors determining the positive relationship between per capita GDP and the intensity of antigovernment demonstrations, as urbanization, democratization, and expansion of education lead to an increase in the intensity of protests. Moreover, when controlling for these factors, the relationship between per capita GDP and anti-government protests becomes negative. Thus, high per capita GDP turns out to be a direct (proximate) significant negative factor affecting the intensity of anti-government demonstrations, but at thesame time it is an ultimate, even more significant positive factor in the intensity of protests. The growth of per capita GDP is quite naturally accompanied by an increase in the level of urbanization, democratization and education, which more than compensates for the direct inhibiting effect on the protests on the part of the growing per capita GDP (at least for low- and middle-income countries). In addition, the negative binomial regression model that we propose can explain not only the strong positive correlation between per capita GDP and the intensity of protests, which can be traced for a range of GDP per capita values of less than $20,000, but also the weaker negative correlation recorded for the range exceeding $20,000. The fact is that in rich countries urbanization, democratization and education indicators reach saturation levels and the vast majority of high-income countries have more or less similar levels for all three indicators. As a result, for a zone of per capita GDP values of more than $20,000, we are essentially dealing with automatic control of the correlation between GDP per capita and the intensity of protests for factors of democratization, education and urbanization, and, as our model predicts, the final effect of GDP per capita on the intensity of protests for high-income countries becomes negative, not positive.
Polymers: The second century
Authors: Bogoeva-Gaceva Gordana
Published: December 2020

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the revolutionary article published by the German chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965), entitled “Über Polymerisation” (Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 53 (6) (1920) 1073–1085), which is considered as the beginning of macromolecular chemistry and polymer science in general.
PENGOBATAN ANTI KANKER PAYUDARA TERBARU DARI EKSTRAK DAUN SINGKONG KARET (Manihot glazovii) BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI NANOPARTIKEL EMAS
Authors:   Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Aprilia Tri Senja , Sarindang Sirikit Wangi ,   Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Putra Prima Aulia ,   Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Nugroho Bambang Hernawan ,   Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia
Published: December 2020

Nanopartikel emas banyak digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan sebagai, biosensor, terapi kanker, antimikroba, dan dalam sistem penghantaran obat. Kandungan flavonoid berupa rutin dalam daun singkong karet (Manihot glazovii) memiliki peran sebagai bioreduktor, penstabil dalam sintesis nanopartikel emas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preparasi, karakterisasi, dan aktivitas anti kanker nanopartikel emas dari ekstrak daun singkong karet dengan biosintesis high energy. Nanopartikel emas dibuat dengan mencampurkan HAuCl4 (Asam Kloroaurat) dengan ekstrak menggunakan ultrasonik. Karakterisasi nanopartikel emas meliputi observasi visual nanopartikel emas, waktu pembentukan nanopartikel emas menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS, ukuran partikel menggunakan particle size analyzer, profil gugus fungsional menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), morfologi menggunakan SEM dan TEM, serta uji aktivitas antikanker menggunakan MTT Assay pada sel kanker payudara (T47D). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa formula terbaik dengan biosintesis high energy adalah formulasi dengan perbandingan ekstrak 5% 1000 ul : HAuCl4 375 ul. Formula tersebut mengalami perubahan warna dari kuning menjadi merah muda, memiliki panjang gelombang 540 nm, ukuran partikel rata-rata 65 nm, dengan nilai PDI 0,44, memiliki morfologi segitiga, heksagon, dan lingkaran, serta memiliki aktivitas anti-kanker pada sel kanker T47D dengan mengggunakan MTT Assay. Kesimpulan: Nanopartikel emas terbentuk dari ekstrak daun singkong karet (ekstrak 5% 1000ul: asam Chloroauric 375 ul) dan terbukti memiliki aktivitas anti kanker payudara
Biomimetic Mineralization on 3d Printed Pla Scaffolds: On the Response of Human Primary Osteoblasts Spheroids and in Vivo Implantation
Authors: Maia-Pinto Marianna O. C. , Brochado Ana Carolina B. , Teixeira Bruna Nunes , Sartoretto Suelen C. , Uzeda Marcelo J. , Alves Adriana T. N. N. , Alves Gutemberg G. , Calasans-Maia Mônica D. , Thiré Rossana M. S. M.
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to assess the response of 3D printed PLA scaffolds biomimetically coated with apatite on human primary osteoblast spheroids and evaluate the biological response to its association with Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in rat calvaria. PLA scaffolds were produced via 3D printing, soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, and characterized by physical-chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties. The in vitro biological response was assessed with human primary osteoblast (HOb) spheroids. The in vivo analysis was conducted through the implantation of 3D printed PLA scaffolds either alone, covered by apatite (PLA-CaP) or PLA-CaP loaded with rhBMP-2 (PLA-CaP+rhBMP-2) on critical-sized defects (8 mm) of rat calvaria. Increased cell adhesion and in vitro release of growth factors (PDGF, bFGF, VEGF) was observed for PLA-CaP scaffolds when pre-treated with FBS. PLA-CaP+BMP2 presented higher values of newly formed bone (NFB) than other groups at all experimental periods (p<0.05), attaining 44.85% of NFB after 6 months. These findings indicate that functionalization of PLA scaffolds with biomimetic apatite can improve its biological properties in the presence of complex biological media. Its association with BMP2 may enhance bone repair, suggesting this strategy as a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Evaluation of Image-Based Phenotyping Methods for Measuring Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) Growth and Nitrogen Nutritional Status under Greenhouse and Field Conditions
Authors: Frossard Emmanuel , Liebisch Frank , Hgaza Valérie Kouamé , Kiba Delwendé Innocent , Kirchgessner Norbert , Müller Laurin , Müller Patrick , Pouya Nestor , Ringger Cecil , Walter Achim
Published: December 2020

Management practices must be developed to improve yam production sustainability. Image-based phenotyping techniques could help developing such practices based on non-destructive analyses of important plant traits. Our objective was to determine the potential of image-based phenotyping methods to assess traits relevant for tuber yield formation in yam grown in glasshouse and field. We took plant and leaf pictures with consumer cameras. We used the numbers of image pixels to derive the shoot biomass and the total leaf surface and calculated the ‘triangular greenness index’ (TGI) which is an indicator of the plant nitrogen (N) nutritional status. Under glasshouse conditions, the number of pixels obtained from nadir view (image taken top down) was positively correlated to the shoot biomass, and the total leaf surface, while the TGI was negatively correlated to the N content of diagnostic leaves. Under field conditions, pictures taken from the nadir view showed an increase in soil surface cover and a decrease in TGI with time. TGI was negatively correlated to SPAD measured on specific leaves but was not correlated to the N content of these leaves. In conclusion, these phenotyping techniques deliver relevant results but need to be further developed and validated for application in yam.
Computational Study of the Front-end Downforce Enhancing Aerodynamic Elements in Sports Cars
Authors: Salhan Pranav
Published: December 2020

While designing sports cars, getting the aerodynamic balance of the vehicle is very important. Aerodynamic elements to create rear downforce are studied extensively while, this research tries to recognize the various ways of developing effective front end down force producing devices. The most widely used add-on devices include the front splitter, canards and underbody vortex generators. CFD simulations are employed to study these devices on the widely acknowledged MIRA fastback model. ANSYS Fluent CFD software was used with the efficient k- ε model to get accurate results while avoiding expensive experimentation costs. Reduction in lift force with the help of these elements generally leads to high drag force. This study aims to find out the most suitable and versatile devices. The average lift decrement on the addition of front aerodynamic elements was ΔC l = 0.0778 while the increase in drag was ΔC d = 0.0393.
CircBCBM1 Promotes Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis via miR-125a/BRD4 Axis
Authors: Fu Bo , Liu Wei , Li Peng , Pan Li , Li Ke , Cai Peiying , Meng Min , Wang Yiting , Zhang Anqi , Tang Wenqiang , An Meng
Published: December 2020

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. We previously identified a novel upregulated circRNA, circBCBM1 (hsa_circ_0001944), in the context of breast cancer brain metastasis. However, the potential biological function and molecular mechanism of circBCBM1 in breast cancer brain metastasis remain largely unknown.Methods: In this reserch, we validated the expression and characterization of circBCBM1 through RT-qPCR, Sanger sequencing, RNase R assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Functional experiments were performed to determine the effect of circBCBM1 on growth and metastasis of 231-BR cells both in vitro and in vivo. The regulatory mechanisms among circBCBM1, miR-125a (has-miR-125a-5p), and BRD4 (bromodomain containing 4) were investigated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter assay and western blot. Results: Our findings demonstrated that circBCBM1 is a stable and cytoplasmic circRNA. Functionally, silencing of circBCBM1 led to decreased proliferation and migration of 231-BR cells whereas elevated circBCBM1 expression showed reverse effects in vitro. These findings were confirmed in vivo in mouse models, as knockdown of circBCBM1 significantly decreased growth and brain metastases of 231-BR cells. Mechanistically, circBCBM1 functions as an endogenous miR-125a sponge to inhibit miR-125a activity, resulting in the upregulation of BRD4 expression and subsequent upregulation of MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9) through Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. Importantly, circBCBM1 was markedly upregulated in the breast cancer brain metastasis cells and clinical tissue and plasma samples; besides, the overexpression of circBCBM1 in primary cancerous tissues was associated with shorter brain metastasis-free survival (BMFS) of breast cancer patients.Conclusions: These findings indicate that circBCBM1 is involved in breast cancer brain metastasis via circBCBM1/miR-125a/BRD4 axis, which sheds light on the pathogenic mechanism of circBCBM1 and provides translational evidence that circBCBM1 may serve as a novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer brain metastasis.
UPF1 Promotes Chemoresistance to Oxaliplatin Through Maintenance of Stemness by Increasing Phosphorylated TOP2A in Colorectal Cancer.
Authors: Zhu Congcong , Zhang Long , Zhao Senlin , Dai Weixing , Xu Yun , Zhang Yuqin , Zheng Hongtu , Sheng Weiqi , Xu Ye
Published: December 2020

Background: UPF1 is proved to dysregulate in multiple tumors and influence carcinogenesis. However, the role of UPF1 on oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown.Methods: Firstly, we investigated the clinical relevance of UPF1 in CRC patients. Then, we explored the influence of UPF1 on chemoresistance to oxaliplatin in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we disclosed the underlying mechanisms of oxaliplatin resistance induced by UPF1.Results: UPF1 is upregulated in CRC and overexpression of UPF1 more likely results in recurrence in CRC patients and predicts a poorer overall survival (OS). UPF1 maintains stemness in CRC cell lines and promotes chemoresistance to oxaliplatin in CRC. UPF1-induced oxaliplatin resistance can be associated with interaction with TOP2A and increasing phosphorylated TOP2A.Conclusions: UPF1 was overexpressed and predicted a poor prognosis in CRC. UPF1 enhanced the stemness and chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by interaction with TOP2A and increase of phosphorylated TOP2A in CRC, which may provide a new therapy strategy for chemoresistance to oxaliplatin in CRC patients.
The financial burden of tuberculosis-affected households in China, 2017
Authors: Xu Caihong , Liu Yan , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Kathiresan Jeyashree , Ruan Yunzhou , Xia Yinyin , Lixia Wang , Zhang Hui , Zhao Yanlin , Wang Li
Published: December 2020

BackgroundDrug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients notified and treated under national tuberculosis program, ChinaMethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in six provinces in 2017 to assess the burden and distribution of health expenditure costs among tuberculosis-affected households and analyze related risk factors. The data was collected through face-to-face questionnaire survey. Intensity of financial burden was the median positive overshoot beyond a threshold that defined as annual total (direct and indirect) costs exceeding 20% of the pre-TB annual household income.ResultsOf 1147 patients, median (interquartile range) total costs due to tuberculosis care were US$965.5(461.8, 2059.3). Costs due to pre-treatment care accounted for 46.3% and direct costs accounted for 82.5% for total costs. Median (interquartile range) intensity of catastrophic costs was 32%(11%, 88%). Living below poverty line, household size less than four, employment in informal sector, receiving treatment from tuberculosis dispensary and hospitalization were independent predictors of associated with higher financial burden.ConclusionDespite free tuberculosis care services, the health expenditure due to tuberculosis were high among tuberculosis-affected households.Trial registrationThe Ethics Committee of Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention approved the study (No.201625, dated 22 November 2016).
Effect of Ultrasound on L-leucine Production by Corynebacterium Glutamicum in Fed-batch Culture
Authors: Zhang Yufu , Chen Zhichao , Sun Pengjie , Xu Qingyang , Chen Ning
Published: December 2020

Background: Various process intensifications are proposed to improve process efficiency, quality, and safety of fermented products. With the market significantly growing, the production process of L-leucine needs significant improvements to increased productivity and yield. Ultrasound, a process intensification, is an emerging and fast-growing technology due to its wide range of applications in food science and fermentation industry. Results: By optimizing the time points and parameters of ultrasound, the biomass of Corynebacterium glutamicum CP was significantly improved. The response surface methodology was adopted to create prediction profiler model and optimize sonication conditions. C. glutamicum CP fermentation at conditions of ultrasonic power of 94 W/L, frequency of 25 kHz, interval of 31 min, and duration of 37 s produced 52.89 g/L of L-leucine in 44 h, increased by 21.6% compared with the control. The production performance of L-leucine was also improved under ultrasonic treatment. Moreover, the cell morphology of C. glutamicum CP were more irregular, elongated, and swollen cells under the ultrasonic condition. The cell permeability of C. glutamicum CP and the activity of key enzymes with ultrasonic treatment were significantly higher than the control. Conclusions: We successfully obtain the optimum ultrasonic conditions to produce L-leucine in fed-batch culture. The results indicate that ultrasonication is an efficient intensification process for enhancing fermentation to produce L-leucine from C. glutamicum CP.
The Risk of Cardiac-related Mortality in Stage IIIA-N2 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Authors: Sun Xin , Men Yu , Wang Jianyang , Bao Yongxing , Yang Xu , Zhao Maoyuan , Sun Shuang , Yuan Meng , Ma Zeliang , Hui Zhouguang
Published: December 2020

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and cardiac-related mortality for patients with ⅢA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods: The United States (US) population based SEER database were queried for cardiac-related mortality among patients with ⅢA-N2 NSCLC. Cardiac-related mortality was compared between PORT and Non-PORT group. Accounting for mortality from other causes, Gray’s test compared cumulative incidences of cardiac-related mortality between both groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the competing risk model.Results: From 1988 to 2016, 7290 patients met the inclusion criteria: 3386 patients treated with PORT and 3904 patients treated with Non-PORT. The 5-year overall incidence of cardiac-related mortality was 3.01% in PORT group and 3.26% in Non-PORT group. Older age, male sex, squamous cell lung cancer, earlier year of diagnosis and earlier T stage were independent adverse factors for cardiac-related mortality. However, PORT use wasn’t associated with an increase in the hazard for cardiac-related mortality (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]=0.99, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.78–1.24, p=0.91). When evaluating cardiac-related mortality in each time period, the overall incidence of cardiac-related mortality was decreased over time. There were no statistically significant differences based on PORT use in all time periods.Conclusions: With a median follow-up of 25 months, no significant differences were found in cardiac-related mortality between PORT and Non-PORT for ⅢA-N2 NSCLC patients.
A New Ceramic Sr2Fe8O18: Crystal Structure and Analysis of Application on Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Ren Zan , Liao Qingwei , Kang Binglin , Liao Kexuan , Chen Liyin , Jiang Wenxiao , Qin Lei , Wang Likun
Published: December 2020

All-solid-state batteries have been expected to overcome the safety problem of present lithium-ion batteries including organic liquid electrolytes. The materials with high ionic conductivity are urgently needed. In this paper, we reported a new ionic crystal Sr2Fe8O18 which can be applicated on solid electrolyte. Sr2Fe8O18 is a typical p-type semiconductor and shows a layered monoclinic crystal structure. The resistivities of Sr2Fe8O18 in the temperature range of 20 ~ 145 °C were above 107 Ω•cm. The microstructure of Sr2Fe8O18 was flaky, and the size of flaks were 1 µm ~ 5 µm. The E- P curve suggested that it was a ferroelectric semiconductor and had small ferroelectric effect. The dielectric response study (Cole-Cole plot) showed that Sr2Fe8O18 had two separated relaxation time, each of which contained a group of relaxation. The ionic conductivity σ of the sample was calculated to be 0.2196 × 10− 4 S/cm. The conductive mechanism which confirmed by the results of First principle calculation at 300K is mainly sublattice vacancy cation diffusion with self-diffusion coefficient D of 1.794 × 10− 5cm2/s. Fe ion has two dimensional diffusion path (x and y axial), and Sr ion has on dimensional diffusion path (x axial). The crystal structure of Sr2Fe8O18 shows tremendous potential application on the solid electrolyte preparation.
Geochemical background - what a complex meaning has such a simple expression!
Authors: Licht Otavio
Published: December 2020

The term background was introduced in geochemistry applied to the prospecting of mineral deposits to designate a value, below which the samples would represent normal contents and above which they would be deviations from normality and could represent anomalies related to mineral deposits. In the 1980’s, when the techniques applied in mineral exploration were absorbed by the nascent environmental sciences, the term background was also incorporated with a very similar meaning. However, since its first application, this term has been adopted arbitrarily, without considering the enormous diversity of underlying variables that can substantially alter its numerical meaning. In this article, the large number of components that make up this "complex system" known as geochemical background will be presented and discussed, and which cover virtually all concepts of geochemical exploration whether applied in geological-mining or environmental actions, such as: the type of sample collected, the sample preparation procedures, the fraction to be analyzed, the analytical technique used, the criterion for choosing the value, the sample density, the spatial variability and the variations over time.
Phytotherapeutic and Natural Compound Applications for Age-Related, Inflammatory and Serious Eye Ailments
Authors: Karakuş Methiye M. , Çalışkan Ufuk K.
Published: December 2020

Tissue cells of the eye are sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to oxidative damage and
inflammation, which have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of most of the eye diseases. Moreover,
factors such as age, angiogenesis, ischemia, genetic predisposition, diabetes, obesity, and smoking
affect the onset and progression of ocular anomalies. Major eye diseases are either age-related such
as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, dry eye, or inflammatory
eye diseases such as blepharitis, conjunctivitis, uveitis and other retinal pathologies, which
can cause ocular damage and visual problems through oxidative stress, inflammation pathways. Although
there are conventional chemical or surgical treatments, due to their mainly antiapoptotic, anti-
inflammatory and antioxidant properties, phytotherapeutic preparations and their natural compounds
can be applied to prevent or treat eye disease as follows: oral, topical or both. Thus, this
study aims to comprehensively evaluate the pre-clinical and clinical studies of the phytotherapeutics
and natural compounds used in the prevention and treatment of common serious and painful
eye diseases. Moreover, for the first time, nature-derived preparations/supplements commonly used
for eye problems also included in this review to present applications of the extracts/compounds in
the pharmaceutical field.
The Potential Role of miRNA-19b-3p and miRNA-320c in Patients with Moderate Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Aripova Akmaral , Akparova Almira , Bersimbaev Rakhmetkazhy
Published: December 2020

Background:

Bronchial Asthma (BA) is a complex heterogeneous disease with a number
of molecular immunopathological mechanisms underlying airway inflammation, hyperreactivity,
and bronchial remodeling. MicroRNAs are important regulators in the pathogenesis and progression
of chronic respiratory diseases, including BA.

Objective:

The aim of the study is to investigate the level of expression of cell-free circulating
miR-19b-3p and miR-320c in the blood plasma by comparing their plasma levels with IL-4 in the
moderate BA patients and control group.

Methods:

The level of expression miR-19b-3p and miR-320c were evaluated by qRT-PCR using
the comparative threshold cycle (Ct) method. U6 small nuclear RNA was taken as an endogenous
control. The content of IL - 4 in blood plasma was determined by using ELISA.

Results:

miR-19b-3p and miR-320c were significantly dysregulated in moderate asthmatic patients
in comparison with control group. The area under the ROC curve of miR-19b-3p and miR-320c
showed 0.8088 (95% CI 0.6925 to 0.9251, P value =0.0001) and 0,9048 (95% CI 0,7792 to 1,000,
P value <0,0001), respectively. BA patients showed a considerably positive correlation between
the expression level of microRNA-320c and IL-4 levels.

Conclusion:

These cell-free circulating microRNAs are probably deregulated in other inflammatory/
pathological diseases, so they could be useful to understand the molecular pathogenesis of BA
or to investigate the “inflammatory reaction” in this disease.
Phenomenon of Constitutional Law  Regarding the Authority of Deputy Local Leaders  in Local Elections (Pilkada) Results
Authors: Sudrajat Hendra
Published: December 2020

Since the reformation era in 1998 through amendments to the 1945 Constitution, which began in 1999 to 2002, it has impacted Indonesia's state administration system's structure. The direct election system's opening in the election of the President and Vice President and the legislature to the local elections (Pilkada). Local elections (Pilkada) candidates are a package for local leaders, which fascinating to examine. In Article 18, paragraph (4) to the 1945 Constitution does not mention the Deputy local leaders, thus causing problems. When the Deputy local leaders authority is limited by the constitution, which has an impact on conflicts of authority between the local leaders and Deputy local leaders, which results in disrupted government services. This study aims to provide a solution to this phenomenon so that it finds two options, namely, first to retain the position of Deputy local leaders in the local elections with the complaint mechanism method and precise judgment of taxation, and secondly to be consistent with the state constitution, the local elections (Pilkada) is held without a Deputy local leaders candidate with his position replaced. by the local secretary.
Origem e Fixação dos Órgãos Básicos da Organização Militar no Brasil
Authors: Peregrino Umberto
Published: December 2020

As Colônias Militares destinavam-se à guarda das divisas territoriais, em pontos desconhecidos ou longínquos, escolhidos com preocupações estratégicas. Uma Lei de 1850 fixou a iniciativa determinando a criação de Presídios e Colônias Militares onde fôssern convenientes, e ccm essa autorização legal o Governo Imperial continuou a fundar Colônias, mas sem plano. Orientava-se, em todo caso, para as Colônias com características de Presídio; às vêzes organizava-se também destinadas a facilitar a catequese dos aborígenes.
A Multimodal Mobile Sleep Intervention for Young Adults Engaged in Risky Drinking: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Fucito Lisa M , Ash Garrett I , DeMartini Kelly S , Pittman Brian , Barnett Nancy P , Li Chiang-Shan R , Redeker Nancy S , O'Malley Stephanie S
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

This paper describes the research protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a multimodal mobile sleep intervention for heavy-drinking young adults. Young adults report the highest rates of heavy, risky alcohol consumption and are a priority population for alcohol prevention and intervention efforts. Alcohol strategies that leverage other health concerns and use technology may offer an innovative solution. Poor sleep is common among young adults and is a risk factor for developing an alcohol use disorder. Moreover, young adults are interested in information to help them sleep better, and behavioral sleep interventions address alcohol use as a standard practice.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a 2-week multimodal mobile sleep intervention for reducing drinks consumed per week among heavy-drinking young adults. We will explore the effects on alcohol-related consequences, assessing quantitative and qualitative sleep characteristics as secondary aims. The study’s goals are to identify the optimal combination of sleep intervention components for improving drinking outcomes, the feasibility and acceptability of these components, and the potential mechanisms by which these components may promote alcohol behavior change.

METHODS

Young adults (aged 18-25 years) who report recent heavy drinking will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: mobile sleep hygiene advice (n=30), mobile sleep hygiene advice and sleep and alcohol diary self-monitoring (n=30), or mobile sleep hygiene advice, sleep and alcohol diary self-monitoring, and sleep and alcohol data feedback (n=60). For the feedback component, participants will complete two web-based sessions with a health coach during which they will receive summaries of their sleep and alcohol data, and the potential association between them along with brief advice tailored to their data. All participants will wear sleep and alcohol biosensors daily for 2 weeks for objective assessments of these outcomes.

RESULTS

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health in May 2018. Recruitment began in December 2018 and will be concluded in Spring 2021. As of February 4, 2021, we have enrolled 110 participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Ultimately, this research could result in an efficacious, low-cost intervention with broad population reach through the use of technology. In addition, this intervention may substantially impact public health by reducing alcohol use disorder risk at a crucial developmental stage.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03658954; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03658954

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/26557
Diabetes Engagement and Activation Platform for Implementation and Effectiveness of Automated Virtual Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Education: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Sabo Roy , Robins Jo , Lutz Stacy , Kashiri Paulette , Day Teresa , Webel Benjamin , Krist Alex
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Patients with type 2 diabetes require recommendations for self-management education and support.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aim to design the Diabetes Engagement and Activation Platform (DEAP)—an automated patient education tool integrated into primary care workflow—and examine its implementation and effectiveness.

METHODS

We invited patients aged 18-85 years with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ≥8 to participate in a randomized controlled trial comparing DEAP with usual care. DEAP modules addressing type 2 diabetes self-management education and support domains were programmed into patient portals, each with self-guided educational readings, videos, and questions. Care teams received patient summaries and were alerted to patients with low confidence or requesting additional help. HbA1c, BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured.

RESULTS

Out of the 680 patients invited to participate, 337 (49.5%) agreed and were randomized. All of the 189 intervention patients accessed the first module, and 140 patients (74.1%) accessed all 9 modules. Postmodule knowledge and confidence scores were high. Only 18 patients requested additional help from the care team. BMI was lower for intervention patients than controls at 3 months (31.7 kg/m2 vs 32.1 kg/m2; P=.04) and 6 months (32.5 kg/m2 vs 33.0 kg/m2; P=.003); improvements were even greater for intervention patients completing at least one module. There were no differences in 3- or 6-month HbA1c or blood pressure levels in the intent-to-treat analysis. However, intervention patients completing at least one module compared with controls had a better HbA1c level (7.6% vs 8.2%; P=.03) and DBP (72.3 mm Hg vs 75.9 mm Hg; P=.01) at 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study concluded that a significant proportion of patients will participate in an automated virtual diabetes self-management program embedded into patient portals and health systems show promise in helping patients manage their diabetes, weight, and blood pressure.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02957721; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02957721.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of Virtual Reality as a Pain Management Modality in Academic, Community, and Safety-Net Settings: Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Sarkar Urmimala , Lee Jane E , Nguyen Kim H , Lisker Sarah , Lyles Courtney R
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Prior studies have shown that virtual reality (VR) is an efficacious treatment modality for opioid-sparing pain management. However, the majority of these studies were conducted among primarily White, relatively advantaged populations and in well-resourced settings.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted a qualitative, theory-informed implementation science study to assess the readiness for VR in safety-net settings.

METHODS

Using the theoretical lens of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework, we conducted semistructured interviews with current VR users and nonusers based in safety-net health systems (n=15). We investigated barriers and facilitators to a commercially available, previously validated VR technology platform AppliedVR (Los Angeles, CA, USA). We used deductive qualitative analysis using the overarching domains of the CFIR framework and performed open, inductive coding to identify specific themes within each domain.

RESULTS

Interviewees deemed the VR intervention to be useful, scalable, and an appealing alternative to existing pain management approaches. Both users and nonusers identified a lack of reimbursement for VR as a significant challenge for adoption. Current users cited positive patient feedback, but safety-net stakeholders voiced concern that existing VR content may not be relevant or appealing to diverse patients. All respondents acknowledged the challenge of integrating and maintaining VR in current pain management workflows across a range of clinical settings, and this adoption challenge was particularly acute, given resource and staffing constraints in safety-net settings.

CONCLUSIONS

VR for pain management holds interest for frontline pain management clinicians and leadership in safety-net health settings but will require significant tailoring and adaption to address the needs of diverse populations. Integration into complex workflows for pain management is a significant barrier to adoption, and participants cited structural cost and reimbursement concerns as impediments to initial implementation and scaling of VR use.
Interpretation of a 12-Lead Electrocardiogram by Medical Students: Quantitative Eye-Tracking Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Tahri Sqalli Mohammed , Al-Thani Dena , Elshazly Mohamed B , Al-Hijji ‪Mohammed
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Accurate interpretation of a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) demands high levels of skill and expertise. Early training in medical school plays an important role in building the ECG interpretation skill. Thus, understanding how medical students perform the task of interpretation is important for improving this skill.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to use eye tracking as a tool to research how eye fixation can be used to gain a deeper understanding of how medical students interpret ECGs.

METHODS

In total, 16 medical students were recruited to interpret 10 different ECGs each. Their eye movements were recorded using an eye tracker. Fixation heatmaps of where the students looked were generated from the collected data set. Statistical analysis was conducted on the fixation count and duration using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

RESULTS

The average percentage of correct interpretations was 55.63%, with an SD of 4.63%. After analyzing the average fixation duration, we found that medical students study the three lower leads (rhythm strips) the most using a top-down approach: lead II (mean=2727 ms, SD=456), followed by leads V1 (mean=1476 ms, SD=320) and V5 (mean=1301 ms, SD=236). We also found that medical students develop a personal system of interpretation that adapts to the nature and complexity of the diagnosis. In addition, we found that medical students consider some leads as their guiding point toward finding a hint leading to the correct interpretation.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of eye tracking successfully provides a quantitative explanation of how medical students learn to interpret a 12-lead ECG.
AGE FEATURES OF MORPHOGENETIC PROPERTIES OF LYMPHOID CELLS OF THE SPLEEN
Authors:   Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, Sazonov S.V.
Published: December 2020

Aim. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the morphogenetic properties of the spleen lymphoid cells in animals of different age groups. Materials and research methods. In the experiments, a model of adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells of the spleen of nephrectomized animals from different age groups was used. The studies were carried out on male Wistar rats of mature (8-10 months, weighing 200-250 g) and old (19-22 months, weighing 400-500 g) age. Study groups: control group — model of adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mature animals to mature ones; second — experimental group: model of adaptive transfer of lymphoid cells from old — old animals; the third group — transplantation of lymphoid cells from old animals — to mature ones; the fourth group — transplantation of lymphoid cells from mature animals — to old ones. The morphogenetic properties of the spleen cells of nephrectomized animals from different age groups were studied 19 hours after unilateral nephrectomy (donor interval). The resulting suspension was injected intravenously into recipients at 400×10³ cells per 0.2 kg of animal weight. 8 hours before slaughter, the animals received a single intraperitoneal dose of 2 mg/kg of vinblastine. Recipients were sacrificed 40, 48 and 56 hours after splenocyte transfer. Research results. Transplantation of splenocytes obtained from old donors to old recipients did not reveal any stimulation of proliferative processes in the epithelium of the kidney tubules of the latter. The transfer of the same splenocytes to mature donors is accompanied by the manifestation of their morphogenetic function. At the same time, the activity of proliferative processes in the kidneys of the recipients was not less pronounced than in the control group.
ETHNONYM JURCHEN IN THE CONTEXT OF HISTORY AND ARCHAIC BELIEFS OF THE PEOPLE (BASED ON THE WORKS OF CHINESE RESEARCHERS)
Authors:   MARINA A. KHAYMURZINA Amur State University, KHAYMURZINA MARINA A.
Published: December 2020

The name of the people reflects a lot - the history of inter-ethnic relations, cultural and language contacts, religious beliefs. The difficulty of studying the origin, sound and meaning of a name is due to the lack or insufficiency of language material. There are various hieroglyphic records of the Jurchen ethnonym. Such diversity is determined by time, place, local language and the choice of Chinese characters to fix the name of this community. However, the sound of all hieroglyphic records of the Jurchen name is almost identical. The word Jurchen is also recorded in Jurchen language. Available information indicates that the meaning of the Jurchen name is «gold». The meaning as «Eastern falcon/eagle» is also take a place, it reflecting the cultural characteristics of the Jurchens, their ethnic spirit and primitive religious beliefs.