bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prehospital Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate for Ultra-Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Bath Philip M. , Woodhouse Lisa J. , Krishnan Kailash , Appleton Jason P. , Anderson Craig S. , Berge Eivind , Cala Lesley , Dixon Mark , England Timothy J. , Godolphin Peter J. , Hepburn Trish , Mair Grant , Montgomery Alan A. , Phillips Stephen J. , Potter John , Price Chris I. , Randall Marc , Robinson Thompson G. , Roffe Christine , Rothwell Peter M. , Sandset Else C. , Sanossian Nerses , Saver Jeffrey L. , Siriwardena A. Niroshan , Venables Graham , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Sprigg Nikola ,   on behalf of the RIGHT-2 Investigators
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—

Pilot trials suggest that glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; nitroglycerin) may improve outcome when administered early after stroke onset.

Methods—

We undertook a multicentre, paramedic-delivered, ambulance-based, prospective randomized, sham-controlled, blinded-end point trial in adults with presumed stroke within 4 hours of ictus. Participants received transdermal GTN (5 mg) or a sham dressing (1:1) in the ambulance and then daily for three days in hospital. The primary outcome was the 7-level modified Rankin Scale at 90 days assessed by central telephone treatment-blinded follow-up. This prespecified subgroup analysis focuses on participants with an intracerebral hemorrhage as their index event. Analyses are intention-to-treat.

Results—

Of 1149 participants with presumed stroke, 145 (13%; GTN, 74; sham, 71) had an intracerebral hemorrhage: time from onset to randomization median, 74 minutes (interquartile range, 45–110). By admission to hospital, blood pressure tended to be lower with GTN as compared with sham: mean, 4.4/3.5 mm Hg. The modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days was nonsignificantly higher in the GTN group: adjusted common odds ratio for poor outcome, 1.87 (95% CI, 0.98–3.57). A prespecified global analysis of 5 clinical outcomes (dependency, disability, cognition, quality of life, and mood) was worse with GTN; Mann-Whitney difference, 0.18 (95% CI, 0.01–0.35; Wei-Lachin test). GTN was associated with larger hematoma and growth, and more mass effect and midline shift on neuroimaging, and altered use of hospital resources. Death in hospital but not at day 90 was increased with GTN. There were no significant between-group differences in serious adverse events.

Conclusions—

Prehospital treatment with GTN worsened outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Since these results could relate to the play of chance, confounding, or a true effect of GTN, further randomized evidence on the use of vasodilators in ultra-acute intracerebral hemorrhage is needed.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN26986053.
A new non-Andean South American Chysis (Bletiinae-Orchidaceae) with pale flowers

Authors: PETINI-BENELLI ADARILDA , PESSOA EDLLEY
Published: October 2019

A new species of Chysis sect. Chysis is described from the Central-West region of Brazil. It is similar to C. aurea and C. bruennowiana, the other two South American species of the genus, but differs in the pale pink perianth with magenta stripes or dots on the labellum and on the abaxial surface of the column, and by a labellum that is wider than long with the mid-lobe not surpassing the length of the lateral lobes. The species, which confirms the presence of the genus in the Brazilian plateau, had been previously misidentified as C. laevis. Photographs, an illustration, and a key to the South American species are provided.
A review of the genus Anelastes Kirby, 1819 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) of the Palaearctic fauna
Authors: KOVALEV ALEXEY V.
Published: October 2019

The genus Anelastes Kirby, 1819 of the Palaearctic fauna is revised. An amended diagnosis of the genus is elaborated. Two new species from North Africa, Anelastes abbreviatus sp. nov. and A. alius sp. nov. are described. Anelastes barbarus P.H. Lucas, 1846 and A. crenulatus (Bonvouloir, 1875) are redescribed and the lectotypes of both species are designated. A key to the Palaearctic species is provided. Anelastes barbarus is newly recorded from Uzbekistan.
Geographic variation in morphology in the Mohave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus Kennicott 1861) (Serpentes: Viperidae): implications for species boundaries
Authors: WATSON JESSICA A. , SPENCER CAROL L. , SCHIELD DREW R. , BUTLER BRETT O. , SMITH LYDIA L. , FLORES-VILLELA OSCAR , CAMPBELL JONATHAN A. , MACKESSY STEPHEN P. , CASTOE TODD A. , MEIK JESSE M.
Published: October 2019

The Mohave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) is a highly venomous pitviper inhabiting the arid interior deserts, grasslands, and savannas of western North America. Currently two subspecies are recognized: the Northern Mohave Rattlesnake (C. s. scutulatus) ranging from southern California to the southern Central Mexican Plateau, and the Huamantla Rattlesnake (C. s. salvini) from the region of Tlaxcala, Veracruz, and Puebla in south-central Mexico. Although recent studies have demonstrated extensive geographic variation in venom composition and cryptic genetic diversity in this species, no modern studies have focused on geographic variation in morphology. Here we analyzed a series of qualitative, meristic, and morphometric traits from 347 specimens of C. scutulatus and show that this species is phenotypically cohesive without discrete subgroups, and that morphology follows a continuous cline in primarily color pattern and meristic traits across the major axis of its expansive distribution. Interpreted in the context of previously published molecular evidence, our morphological analyses suggest that multiple episodes of isolation and secondary contact among metapopulations during the Pleistocene were sufficient to produce distinctive genetic populations, which have since experienced gene flow to produce clinal variation in phenotypes without discrete or diagnosable distinctions among these original populations. For taxonomic purposes, we recommend that C. scutulatus be retained as a single species, although it is possible that C. s. salvini, which is morphologically the most distinctive population, could represent a peripheral isolate in the initial stages of speciation.
Pangio bhujia, a new, peculiar species of miniature subterranean eel loach lacking dorsal and pelvic fins from India (Teleostei: Cobitidae)
Authors: ANOOP V.K. , BRITZ RALF , ARJUN C.P. , DAHANUKAR NEELESH , RAGHAVAN RAJEEV
Published: October 2019

A unique, new species of eel loach, Pangio bhujia, is described from Kerala, India. It is the first species of Pangio to be described from subterranean waters. It possesses several unusual characters including absence of both dorsal and pelvic fins, the presence of only 3 pectoral-fin rays, 6 anal-fin rays and a unique count of 38 precaudal + 24 caudal vertebrae.
Baroclinic Instability with a Simple Model for Vertical Mixing
Authors: Crowe Matthew N. , Taylor John R.
Published: October 2019

Here, we examine baroclinic instability in the presence of vertical mixing in an idealized setting. Specifically, we use a simple model for vertical mixing of momentum and buoyancy and expand the buoyancy and vorticity in a series for small Rossby numbers. A flow in subinertial mixed layer (SML) balance (see the study by Young in 1994) exhibits a normal mode linear instability, which is studied here using linear stability analysis and numerical simulations. The most unstable modes grow by converting potential energy associated with the basic state into kinetic energy of the growing perturbations. However, unlike the inviscid Eady problem, the dominant energy balance is between the buoyancy flux and the energy dissipated by vertical mixing. Vertical mixing reduces the growth rate and changes the orientation of the most unstable modes with respect to the front. By comparing with numerical simulations, we find that the predicted scale of the most unstable mode matches the simulations for small Rossby numbers while the growth rate and orientation agree for a broader range of parameters. A stability analysis of a basic state in SML balance using the inviscid QG equations shows that the angle of the unstable modes is controlled by the orientation of the SML flow, while stratification associated with an advection/diffusion balance controls the size of growing perturbations for small Ekman numbers and/or large Rossby numbers. These results imply that baroclinic instability can be inhibited by small-scale turbulence when the Ekman number is sufficiently large and might explain the lack of submesoscale eddies in observations and numerical models of the ocean surface mixed layer during summer.
Addressing Violence Against Women: The Effect of Women’s Police Stations on Police Legitimacy
Authors: Córdova Abby , Kras Helen
Published: October 2019

With a focus on the implementation of women’s police stations (WPS), we posit that local policies that address violence against women can result in positive feedback effects on institutional legitimacy. We theorize that WPS increase police legitimacy among women by improving perceptions of personal safety and government responsiveness. To test our hypotheses, we rely on municipal and public opinion data from more than 100 municipalities in Brazil. The results of our multilevel analysis indicate that WPS produce positive feedback effects among women, resulting in higher trust in the police among women than men and closing the gender gap in perceptions of police effectiveness. Incorporating an instrumental variable in the analyses yields similar results, suggesting that these effects are not endogenous. Moreover, the results of our mediation models show that WPS’ positive effects on women’s views of police legitimacy are driven by improved perceptions of personal safety, and not perceptions of government responsiveness.
Business Against Markets: Employer Resistance to Collective Bargaining Liberalization During the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Bulfone Fabio , Afonso Alexandre
Published: October 2019

Employer organizations have been presented as strong promoters of the liberalization of industrial relations in Europe. This article, in contrast, argues that the preferences of employers vis-à-vis liberalization are heterogeneous and documents how employer organizations in Spain, Italy, and Portugal have resisted state-led reforms to liberalize collective bargaining during the Euro crisis. It shows that the dominance of small firms in the economies of these countries make employer organizations supportive of selective aspects of sectoral bargaining and state regulation. Encompassing sectoral bargaining is important for small firms for three reasons: it limits industrial conflict, reduces transaction costs related to wage-bargaining, and ensures that member firms are not undercut by rivals offering lower wages and employment conditions. Furthermore, the maintenance of sectoral bargaining and its extension to whole sectors by the state is a matter of survival for employer organizations. The article presents rationales for employer opposition to liberalization that differ from the varieties of capitalism approach.
Nigerian laws on informed consent before a surgical procedure
Authors: Ezeuko Mabel Ijeoma
Published: October 2019

Informed consent is a process of communication between a clinician and a patient, which results in the patient's agreement to undergo a medical procedure. Rule 19 Part A: Code of Medical Ethics of Nigeria and Section 23 of the National Health Act 2004 prescribe the process of obtaining consent before a medical intervention. The equitable law of torts and/or criminal liabilities that deal with medical negligence should be invoked more often by patients whose right to informed consent is denied by medical practitioners.
Optimization of thermo-hydraulic characteristics of solar cavity receiver under concentrated heat flux
Authors: Hao Yun , Wang Yueshe
Published: October 2019

It is important to study the effects of heat flux on the thermo-hydraulic characteristics in a solar cavity receiver because of the non-uniform radiation flux temporally and spatially. In this article, we presented a mathematical model of thermo-hydraulic characteristics of a solar cavity receiver, considering the effect of heat flux distribution on the energy transfer (radiation–conduction–convection). Using the model, the thermo-hydraulic characteristics under high concentrated heat flux were studied and then optimized the characteristics from two aspects: tube diameter (22, 27, 32, and 38 mm) and connection structure of the heating surface (H-type, central inlet/outlet, and vertical U-type). It was found that flow distribution changed smoothly at the diameter of 27 mm with the increase of the heat flux; when the diameter of tubes at the certain distance (1.6 σHF) from the spot center was replaced by 38 mm, the thermo-hydraulic characteristics were improved. For the evaporating surfaces, the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of working fluid (water) with the central inlet/outlet connection structure were better than those of the H-type connection structure. For the surperheated surfaces, the vertical U-type connection structure was applied to obtain the high temperature steam. These research findings are helpful for the safe and stable operation of the whole solar power system.
Assessment of low-velocity impact damage in composites by the measure of second-harmonic guided waves with the phase-reversal approach
Authors: Li Weibin , Jiang Chang , Qing Xinlin , Liu Liangbing , Deng Mingxi
Published: October 2019

Structural strength and integrity of composites can be considerably affected by the low-velocity impact damage due to the unique characteristics of composites, such as layering bonded by adhesive and the weakness to impact. For such damage, there is an urgent need to develop advanced nondestructive testing approaches. Despite the fact that the second harmonics could provide information sensitive to the structural health condition, the diminutive amplitude of the measured second-order harmonic guided wave still limits the applications of the second-harmonic generation–based nonlinear guided wave approach. Herein, laminated composites suffered from low-velocity impact are characterized by use of nonlinear guided waves. An enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio for the measure of second harmonics is achieved by a phase-reversal method. Results obtained indicate a monotonic correlation between the impact-induced damage in composites and the relative acoustic nonlinear indicator of guided waves. The experimental finding in this study shows that the measure of second-order harmonic guided waves with a phase-reversal method can be a promising indicator to impact damage rendering in an improved and reliable manner.
Vibration control for a flexible satellite with adaptive actuator fault-tolerant and input quantization
Authors: Ji Ning , Liu Jinkun
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we study the vibration control for a flexible satellite with adaptive actuator fault-tolerant and input quantization. The control objective is to suppress the vibration of a flexible satellite as well as considering actuator fault-tolerant and input signal quantization. The flexible satellite is composed of a centrebody and two symmetrical flexible solar panels. The symmetrical flexible solar panels are described as two Euler-Bernoulli beams modeled as partial differential equations (PDEs). Quantitative control combines control and communication to solve related control problems in modern engineering systems. Logarithmic quantitative controllers are used to realize input signal quantization. Meanwhile, an adaptive control scheme is designed to regulate the vibration of the satellite when the actuator fails partially. Simulation results are demonstrated for illustration. It is proved that the proposed control scheme can handle the vibration of the flexible satellite as well as considering actuator fault-tolerant and input signal quantization simultaneously.
Fault estimation of linear discrete time-varying systems with multiplicative noise based on finite impulse response filter
Authors: Wu Yutao , Liu Shuai , Li Yueyang , Wang Zhonghua
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to construct a finite impulse response (FIR) based fault estimator for a class of linear discrete time-varying systems (LDTV) with multiplicative noise. Drawing support of intensive stochastic analyses and matrix manipulations, a novel performance index is proposed such that the fault estimation error is minimized in stochastic sense. A necessary and sufficient condition is established to guarantee the existence of the FIR-based fault estimator with satisfied estimation accuracy. The optimal gain of the desired fault estimator is calculated in an analytical way by minimizing the aforementioned performance index. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods.
Introduction to the special issue of teaching public policy in Australia
Authors: Haigh Yvonne , O’Sullivan Siobhan
Published: October 2019

Teaching public policy, social policy, public management and public administration is an important vocation. It has the capacity to help equip the next generation of public and civil servants for the multitude of complex and challenging tasks they must undertake. Teaching public policy builds capacity within the public service, and can also be useful in training and preparing those who work alongside government, providing voluntary or contracted services.
Survival Analysis of Revision Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Failed ACI
Authors: Ogura Takahiro , Bryant Tim , Merkely Gergo , Mosier Brian A. , Minas Tom
Published: October 2019

Background:

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) provides a successful outcome for treating articular cartilage lesions. However, there have been very few reports on the clinical outcomes of revision ACI for failed ACI.

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical outcomes in patients who underwent revision ACI of the knee for failure of an initial ACI and to determine the factors affecting the survival rate.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A review of a prospectively collected data set was performed from patients who underwent revision ACI of the knee for failure of an initial ACI between 1995 and 2014 by a single surgeon. The authors evaluated 53 patients (53 knees; mean age, 38 years) over a mean 11.2-year follow-up (range, 2-20). A total of 62 cartilage lesions were treated for failed graft lesions after an initial ACI, and 31 new cartilage lesions were treated at revision ACI, as there was progression of disease. Overall, 93 cartilage lesions (mean, 1.8 lesions per knee) with a total surface area of 7.4 cm2 (range, 2.5-18 cm2) per knee were treated at revision ACI. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method, with ACI graft failure or conversion to a prosthetic arthroplasty as the endpoint. The modified Cincinnati Knee Rating Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, visual analog scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Patients also self-reported knee function and satisfaction. Standard radiographs were evaluated with Kellgren-Lawrence grades.

Results:

Survival rates were 71% and 53% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Survival subanalysis revealed a trend that patients without previous cartilage repair procedures before an initial ACI had better survival rates than those with such procedures (81% vs 62% at 5 years, 64% vs 42% at 10 years, P = .0958). Patients with retained grafts showed significant improvement in pain and function, with a high level of satisfaction. At a mean 5.1 years postoperatively, 18 of 27 successful knees were radiographically assessed with no significant osteoarthritis progression. Outcomes for 26 patients were considered failures (mean, 4.9 years postoperatively), in which 15 patients had prosthetic arthroplasty (mean, 4.6 years) and the other 11 patients had revision cartilage repair (mean, 5.4 years) and thus could maintain their native knees.

Conclusion:

Results of revision ACI for patients who failed ACI showed acceptable clinical outcomes. Revision ACI may be an option for young patients after failed initial ACI, particularly patients without previous cartilage repair procedures and those who desire to maintain their native knees.
Risk Factors for Loss to Follow-up in 3202 Patients at 2 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Implications for Identifying Health Disparities in the MOON Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ramkumar Prem N. , Tariq Muhammad B. ,   MOON Knee Group, Amendola Annunziato , Andrish Jack T. , Brophy Robert H. , Dunn Warren R. , Flanigan David C. , Huston Laura J. , Jones Morgan H. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Kattan Michael W. , Marx Robert G. , Matava Matthew J. , McCarty Eric C. , Parker Richard D. , Vidal Armando F. , Wolcott Michelle L. , Wolf Brian R. , Wright Rick W. , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Understanding the risk factors for loss to follow-up in prospective clinical studies may allow for a targeted approach to minimizing follow-up bias and improving the generalizability of conclusions in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and other sports-related interventions.

Purpose:

To identify independent risk factors associated with failure to complete (ie, loss to follow-up) patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 2 years after ACLR within a well-funded prospective longitudinal cohort.

Study Design:

Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

All patients undergoing primary or revision ACLR enrolled in the prospectively collected database of the multicenter consortium between 2002 and 2008 were included. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to determine which baseline risk factors were significantly associated with loss to follow-up at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Predictors assessed for loss to follow-up were as follows: consortium site, sex, race, marital status, smoking status, phone number provided (home or cell), email address provided (primary or secondary), years of school completed, average hours worked per week, working status (full-time, part-time, homemaker, retired, student, or disabled), number of people living at home, and preoperative PROMs (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Marx Activity Rating Scale, and International Knee Documentation Committee).

Results:

A total of 3202 patients who underwent ACLR were enrolled. The 2-year PROM follow-up rate for this cohort was 88% (2821 of 3202). Multivariate analyses showed that patient sex (male: odds ratio [OR], 1.80) and race (black: OR, 3.64; other nonwhite: OR, 1.81) were independent predictors of 2-year loss to follow-up of PROMs. Education level was a nonconfounder.

Conclusion:

While education level did not predict loss to follow-up, patients who are male and nonwhite are at increased risk of loss to follow-up of PROM at 2 years. Capturing patient outcomes with minimal loss depends on equitable, not equal, opportunity to maximize generalizability and mitigate potential population-level health disparities.

Registration:

NCT00478894 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Managing the Menopause through ‘Abjection Work’: When Boobs Can Become Embarrassingly Useful, Again
Authors: Butler Clare
Published: October 2019

This article examines how power and menopause relate at work. Based on qualitative data from 23 women administrative workers, the research finds that menopausal symptoms are sometimes ‘awful’, ‘knackering’ and ‘isolating’. Yet, as ‘real’ or ‘normal women’, they described getting lost in the menopause discourse and many spoke of going through ‘the change’ instead; this saw them make sense of, and respond to, their symptoms in (sometimes) unconventional ways. In addition, when a menopausal body runs rampant, its abject appearance can cause embarrassment, but not just for the woman – for anyone who witnesses it. For some women, they simply go and stand outside. For others, the realisation of the vicarious nature of embarrassment sees them employ their menopausal bodies and do ‘abjection work’. This work acts as a powerful form of management; yet some might argue that it is improper.
The Measurement of Employee Well-being: Development and Validation of a Scale
Authors: Pradhan Rabindra Kumar , Hati Lopamudra
Published: October 2019

Employee well-being is always found to be strategically relevant to organizations and individuals and has developed into one of the focal areas of research in the study of organizations. However, researchers have shown lots of interest in this field due to the lack of a proper theoretical model and comprehensive scientific tools to measure employee well-being at work. The present study aims at developing and validating a multidimensional scale of employee well-being through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Based on literature and feedback received from academicians and HR practitioners, a 62-item questionnaire of employee well-being was developed for empirical validation. The samples consist of academicians and HR professionals, and they were interviewed to gauge their understanding of employee well-being. Initially, opinions from various experts were obtained regarding the instrument and its proposed dimensions. Forty-nine items were generated from the initial study for further validation through field surveys. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out on the data collected from 316 employees of the Indian service industry to examine the factor structure of the scale. It was revealed through the use of EFA that the new instrument of employee well-being is formed by four discreet factors: social well-being, psychological well-being, subjective well-being and workplace well-being. Finally, CFA was carried out using AMOS 20, 31 items were retained for the new scale of employee well-being. The theoretical and practical applications of the study are discussed in the context of employee well-being.
Testing Structural Break in the Relationship Between Exchange Rate and Macroeconomic Variables
Authors: Jeelani Saidia , Tomar Joity , Das Tapas , Das Seshanwita
Published: October 2019

The article aims to study the relationship between those macroeconomic factors that the affect (INR/USD) exchange rate (ER). Time series data of 40 years on ER, GDP, inflation, interest rate (IR), FDI, money supply, trade balance (TB) and terms of trade (ToT) have been collected from the RBI website. The considered model has suggested that only inflation, TB and ToT have influenced the ER significantly during the study period. Other macroeconomic variables such as GDP, FDI and IR have not significantly influenced the ER during the study period. The model is robust and does not suffer from residual heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and non-normality. Sometimes the relationship between ER and macroeconomic variables gets affected by major economic events. For example, the Southeast Asian crisis caused by currency depreciation in 1997 and sub-prime loan crisis of 2008 severely strained the national economies. Any global economic turmoil will affect different economic variables through ripple effect and this, in turn, will affect the ER of different economies differently. The article has also diagnosed whether there is any structural break or not in the model by applying Chow’s Breakpoint Test and have obtained multiple breaks between 2003 and 2009. The existence of structural breaks during 2003–2009 is explained by the fact that volume of crude oil imported by India is high and oil price rise led to a deficit in the TB alarmingly, which caused a structural break or parameter instability.
Brand Experience and Brand Equity
Authors: Beig Faseeh Amin , Nika Fayaz Ahmad
Published: October 2019

Brands are considered as of one of the strategic and valuable assets which drive business organizations in modern times. The increasing competition in the business environment, commoditization of products and rise of informed customers in contemporary times has compelled businesses to focus on hedonic attributes in their product offerings. The scope of experiential marketing goes beyond the traditional marketing as it adds hedonic character to the marketing activity. Brand experience is one such construct which is crucial for organizations and research has shown its influence on brand equity. Thus companies pay significant attention in generating pleasing brand experiences for their customers. For businesses to stay relevant in modern times, they need to pay attention to each aspect of the brand experience for a better brand value. Brand experience provides businesses with multiple opportunities using multiple customer-brand interaction for an enjoyable experience for their customers. This paper has critically analyzed both brand experience and brand equity in the existing literature. And at the same time, relationship between these two constructs is discussed which will provide important directions for future researchers in this domain. This research paper provides valuable insights for marketing managers on the importance of delivering pleasing brand experiences for their customers for a stronger brand equity.
The Role of Moderators in Linking Job Crafting to Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Study on the Indian Hospitality Sector
Authors: Srivastava Shalini , Pathak Deepti
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to test the conceptual model that addresses the association between job crafting (JC) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and also highlights how mindfulness and trust influence the JC and OCB relationship of front-line employees in hospitality sector. The data for the present study was collected from 246 front-line employees of Delhi-NCR regions of northern India. In order to avoid common method variance effect, the data was collected in two phases, namely T1 and T2. Techniques such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), discriminant validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the hypothesized model. The results show that JC strengthens OCB and also found that trust and mindfulness act as moderators for JC and OCB relationship. JC will help employees to manage their resources efficiently and this process of seeking resources and challenges at work is likely to increase OCB. Mindfulness promotes concentration and interest on work which in turn helps employees to explore new and creative ways to improve their work and makes it more meaningful which in turn improves the organization. The authors could not locate any study on JC in the Indian hospitality industry. In hotel industry, satisfaction and engagement of hotel workers is essential for superior customer service. Therefore, the outcomes of this research work could be helpful to the hotel managers in finding the alternative ways to motivate and engage employees in order to generate OCB. As the sample consisted of only 246 respondents belonging to the North Indian region, therefore, the outcomes of the study cannot be generalized. In future research, retesting of the new model can be done on a larger sample and different cultural contexts. Extended work of the current research work is likely to highlight the possible implications of JC in facilitating positive organizational outcomes and increased prosocial behaviour.
Acute urinary retention and progressive paraplegia with genital infection: A case report of transverse myelitis
Authors: Kim Eun , Lee Duk Hee
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare inflammatory disorder involving single or multiple spinal segments. There are various Infectious and parainfectious causes.

Case presentation:

We report the case of 29‐year‐old female who presented to an emergency department with acute urinary retention, progressive headache and sensory and motor deficits with a genital infection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed WBC 75/μL, protein 96 (15‐40 mg/dL), and VZV IgG positive. The magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the spine revealed acute transverse myelitis of C4, C6/C7 and T2‐T3, T4‐T7. She was treated with steroid pulse therapy, intravenous antiviral therapy, antibiotics, and rehabilitation. Urinary symptoms resolved in six days and her motor deficit resolved. She had mild numbness in the thigh area 2 months later.

Discussion:

Identification of the causes and diagnosis of TM are challenging because there are variable clinical signs and numerous potential pathogens.

Conclusion:

It is essential to diagnosis TM in the early and timely phase, careful, detailed history and thorough physical examination by emergency physicians.
Cutaneous Syncytial Myoepithelioma: A Nondescript Skin Tumor With Serious Diagnostic Pitfalls
Authors: Wales Cameron , Diamond Scott , Hinds Brian
Published: October 2019

Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma (CSM) is a rare tumor with a nondescript clinical presentation in the skin. It represents a relatively uncommon diagnostic entity with approximately 50 examples in the literature to date. We present a 36-year-old man with a new, tender 3-mm firm pink papule on the left bicep, in which a superficial shave technique produced a diagnostic challenge. CSM often poses a diagnostic quandary given shared histomorphological and immunohistochemical attributes with superficial mesenchymal or neurocristic tumors, namely, melanocytic proliferations, fibrous histiocytoma, and epithelioid sarcoma. The molecular profile of CSM may reveal EWSR1 or FUS gene rearrangement, but as we showcase, the diagnosis remains possible in the absence of this oncogenic fusion. Ultimately, there are pitfalls to avoid to correctly distinguish this benign myoepithelial lesion from more biologically aggressive neoplasia.
Estimation of Acutely Ill Medical Patients at Venous Thromboembolism Risk Eligible for Extended Thromboprophylaxis Using APEX Criteria in US Hospitals
Authors: Martin Anne-Céline , Huang Wei , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Hull Russell D. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Gibson Charles-Michael , Anderson Frederick A. , Cohen Alexander T.
Published: October 2019

Major medical illnesses place patients at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Some risk factors including age ≥75 years or history of cancer place them at increased risk of VTE that extends for at least 5 to 6 weeks following hospital admission. Betrixaban thromboprophylaxis is now approved in the United States for this indication. We estimated the annual number of acutely ill medical patients at extended risk of VTE discharged from US hospital. Major medical illnesses (stroke, respiratory failure/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, pneumonia, other infections, and rheumatologic disorders) and 2 common risk factors for extended VTE risk, namely, age ≥75 years and history of cancer (active or past) were examined in 2014 US hospital discharges using the first 3 discharge diagnosis codes in the National Inpatient Sample (database of acute-care hospital discharges from the US Agency for Health Care Quality and Research). In 2014, there were 20.8 million discharges with potentially at risk of nonsurgical-related VTE. Overall, 7.2 million (35%) discharges corresponded to major medical illness that warranted thromboprophylaxis according to 2012 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guideline. Among them, 2.79 million were aged ≥75 years and 1.36 million had a history of cancer (aged 40-74 years). Overall, 3.48 million discharges were at extended risk of VTE. Many medical inpatients at risk of VTE according to 2012 ACCP guideline might benefit from the awareness of continuing risk and some of these patients might benefit from extended thromboprophylaxis, depending on the risk of bleeding and comorbidities.
Treatment outcomes and efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy-hyaloidotomy-zonulectomy-iridotomy in malignant glaucoma
Authors: Raj Srishti , Thattaruthody Faisal , Joshi Gunjan , Seth Natasha Gautam , Kaushik Sushmita , Pandav Surinder Singh
Published: October 2019

Aim:

To study the treatment outcomes and efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy-hyaloidotomy-zonulectomy-iridotomy in malignant glaucoma.

Method:

A retrospective case series study of patients treated for malignant glaucoma between 2005 and 2017. The treatment included medical management as first-line in the form of cycloplegic with anti-glaucoma medications (AGM) or pars plana vitrectomy-hyaloidotomy-zonulectomy-iridotomy as second-line therapy. The resolution was defined as ‘deepening of central anterior chamber’ with intraocular pressure of ⩽ 21 mm Hg (minimum on two consecutive visits 1 week apart) with or without topical anti-glaucoma medications in the absence (complete success) or presence (qualified success) of systemic medications.

Results:

Twenty-three eyes of 22 patients were included. At the time of diagnosis of malignant glaucoma preceding surgeries were cataract surgery (13 eyes) and trabeculectomy (4 eyes). One eye each had phacotrabeculectomy, Yag capsulotomy and optical keratoplasty. Eighteen eyes were pseudophakic and two eyes were phakic. At presentation, mean intraocular pressure was 26.25 ± 14.78 mmHg which was decreased to 15.90 ± 8.12 mmHg (p < 0.0001) at final follow-up (median follow-up was 15.50 months). Fifteen (75%) eyes had complete success, 3 (15%) eyes had qualified success and 2 (10%) eyes had treatment failure. Of 15 eyes that had achieved complete success, 3 eyes had undergone medical management and 12 eyes undergone second-line procedure. There was no significant difference in visual acuity or number of anti-glaucoma medication at presentation and final follow-up (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Though malignant glaucoma is highly refractory to treatment, appropriate management in the form of medical or vitrectomy-hyaloidotomy-zonulectomy-iridotomy could achieve 90% success in this series.
Anterior versus posterior approach total hip arthroplasty: patient-reported and functional outcomes in the early postoperative period
Authors: Martusiewicz Alexander , Delagrammaticas Dimitri , Harold Ryan E , Bhatt Surabhi , Beal Matthew D , Manning David W
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

Direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (DA THA) has been reported to improve early outcomes compared to posterior approach THA up to 6 weeks postoperatively. Limited weekly outcomes data are available prior to 6 weeks. We evaluate outcomes including when patients first drive a car, leave home, and discontinue their assist device.

Methods:

Patients undergoing THA for primary osteoarthritis were prospectively enrolled. Outcomes data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at weekly intervals for 6 weeks.

Results:

111 patients (55 DA and 56 posterior approach) were enrolled. There was no significant difference ( p > 0.05) in pre-surgical Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores or modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). Postoperatively, the DA THA group had decreased length of stay ( p = 0.0002) and increased distance walked on postoperative day 1 and 2 ( p = 0.011, p = 0.0004). The DA group had lower pain scores ( p < 0.05) and required less day 1 and total narcotics ( p = 0.029, p = 0.01). The DA cohort had improved PROMIS Physical Function scores and mHHS up to 5 weeks postoperatively. DA patients discontinued their assistive device 8 days earlier ( p = 0.01), left home 3 days earlier ( p = 0.001), and drove a car 5 days earlier ( p = 0.01).

Conclusions:

Patients undergoing DA THA discontinued their assistive device, left their home, and drove a car sooner than posterior approach patients. We found improvement in physical function with DA, and it persisted up to 5 weeks postoperatively. Furthermore, DA patients had significantly shorter length of stay, improved mobilisation, decreased narcotic requirements and improved inpatient pain scores compared to posterior approach THA. Future randomised controlled study should be performed to minimise the biases inherent in this study methodology and confirm the results.
Multimodal Smoking Cessation in a Real-Life Setting: Combining Motivational Interviewing With Official Therapy and Reduced Risk Products
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , DiPiazza Jennifer , Cappello Giorgio Carlo , Demma Shirin , Maglia Marilena , Polosa Riccardo
Published: October 2019

Background:

Tobacco use is a global pandemic, affecting an estimated 1.2 billion people and resulting in substantial health burdens and associated costs.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of several treatments for smoking cessation in a real-life setting and to evaluate predictors of smoking abstinence.

Methods:

This research was designed with a sample of 593 cases recorded over the period between 2015 and 2016. Six treatment groups were included: (1) bupropion and motivational interviewing (MI); (2) bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and MI; (3) NRT and MI; (4) varenicline and MI; (5) personal vaporizer electronic cigarette and MI; and (6) electronic cigarette, cigarette like “cigalike,” and MI.

Results:

Results support the efficacy of all treatment groups when used in a real-life setting. The predictors of smoking abstinence were sex, partner smoking status, previous quit attempts, daily consumption, self-efficacy, and level of nicotine dependence.

Conclusions:

The use of different therapeutic strategies in clinical practice, including pharmacotherapy and nonstandard electronic nicotine delivery systems, such as an electronic cigarette, ensures a greater chance of cessation success and the possibility of tailoring interventions according to patients’ resources.
Primary small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors are highly prevalent and often multiple before metastatic disease develops
Authors: Eriksson J. , Norlén O. , Ögren M. , Garmo H. , Ihre-Lundgren C. , Hellman P.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors are the most common of small bowel malignancies with a clinical incidence of about 1 per 100,000 persons per year. There has been a threefold increase in the incidence of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor during later decades, but there are no studies that clarify whether this is due to a true higher incidence or if the rise is a mere product of, for instance, improved diagnostic modalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of clinical as well as subclinical small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors found at autopsy as well as describing the frequency of concomitant malignancies in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor.

Materials and methods:

An autopsy registry from the Malmö county population from 1970 to 1982 with an 87% autopsy rate was used. The clinical autopsy reports for patients coded for the existence of “carcinoid tumor” were scrutinized for the presence of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor, metastatic disease, and concomitant malignancies. Details of patients with clinically diagnosed small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor during this time period were gathered from the Swedish Cancer Registry.

Results:

The mean annual incidence of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor during this period was 5.33 per 100,000 individuals, and the mean annual prevalence was 581 per 100,000. The cause of death in the majority of cases was not due to small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor. In total, 48% of the people with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor had at least one other malignancy, most commonly colorectal cancer.

Conclusion:

Most small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors are subclinical, and persons living with them will often die due to other causes. There was a high rate of multiple primary tumors (40%), suggesting that multiple tumors seem to arise before the advent of metastatic disease. Moreover, a comparably high rate of associated colorectal carcinoma was found.
‘You don’t respect me, but I’m worthy of respect’. Paramilitaries’ prison experience and conflict transformation in Colombia
Authors: Ariza Libardo J , Iturralde Manuel
Published: October 2019

Through the case study of demobilised paramilitaries in Colombia, this article seeks to discuss how former combatants’ identities and perspectives are shaped by specific prison conditions, as well as the consequences of these vis-à-vis the fulfilment of transitional justice’s general goals of the reintegration of ex-combatants and peace-building. Former combatants incarcerated in facilities lacking minimum human rights standards, where State authority and legitimacy are weak, and where the precariousness of rehabilitation and re-entry programmes is manifest, have little opportunity of peacefully reintegrating into their communities and society. Under such conditions, ex-combatants adopt a discourse of resistance, which increases the risks of reoffending and rejoining illegal armed groups after release. This is not only counterproductive for peace-building and social reconciliation but it can also lead to the resumption of the armed conflict.
Underpricing and Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Widarjo Wahyu , Rahmawati  , Bandi  , Widagdo Ari Kuncara
Published: October 2019

In this study, we investigate the relationship between intellectual capital disclosure and underpricing. We did interviews and gave questionnaires to practitioners and academics to develop intellectual capital disclosure measurement methods (in this case, it is the weighted disclosure index). The analysis result of 189 companies which did initial public offerings in Indonesia during 2000–2014 shows that intellectual capital disclosure affects negatively on underpricing. It indicates that intellectual capital disclosure can reduce asymmetry information between the issuer and the potential investor. In addition, intellectual capital disclosure can assist potential investors in assessing the company’s quality and prospects.
Effects of ported shroud casing treatment on the acoustic and flow behaviour of a centrifugal compressor
Authors: Sharma Sidharath , García-Tíscar Jorge , Allport John M , Barrans Simon , Nickson Ambrose K
Published: October 2019

Centrifugal turbomachines of smaller sizes operating at higher speeds have become pervasive due to the increased specific power and reliability achieved by improvements in manufacturing, materials and computational methods. The presence of these small turbomachines, specifically compressors, in helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles, auxiliary power units, turbochargers and micro gas turbines necessitates superior aerodynamic performance over a broad operational range, which is widely achieved by ported shroud casing designs. In addition to aerodynamic performance, acoustic emissions have become a critical aspect of design for these small centrifugal compressors due to high operational speeds. Furthermore, the literature on the acoustic effects of the casing treatment is rather limited. Therefore, the impact of ported shroud casing treatment on the acoustic and flow features of the compressor operating at the design and near-surge conditions have been quantified by numerically modelling the open and blocked configuration of the compressors. Upon comparing with experimental results, the numerical spectra are shown to capture the differences between the two configurations at the investigated operating points with reasonable accuracy. Although the casing treatment is generally seen to decrease the overall acoustic emission of the compressor at both operating conditions, increased propagation of tonal content in the direction upstream to the impeller is observed, particularly for design operation. Broadband characteristics in the lower and medium frequency regions usually associated with near-surge operation including ‘whoosh’ noise are observed to be alleviated by the ported shroud casing treatment.