bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthropological Description of Skeletal Material from the Dniester Barrowcemetery Complex, Yampil Region, Vinnitsa Oblast (Ukraine)
Authors: Litvinova Liudmyla V. , Łukasik Sylwia , Żurkiewicz Danuta , Gwizdała Marta , Chyleński Maciej , Malmström Helena , Jakobsson Mattias , Juras Anna
Published: April 2017

Anthropological examinations were performed on skeletal material from four barrow necropolises located in the Yampil Region (Ukraine) and dated to the Eneolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age. The purpose of the examinations was the determination of sex and age at death of individuals, reconstruction of their stature and assessment of their status of health. The examinations covered 61 individuals: 17 children and 44 adults. Their health status was assessed using four common indicators: linear enamel hypoplasia, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis and dental caries.
A new immunochemistry platform for a guideline-compliant cardiac troponin T assay at the point of care: proof of principle
Authors: Lopez-Calle Eloisa , Espindola Pamela , Spinke Juergen , Lutz Sascha , Nichtl Alfons , Tgetgel Armin , Herbert Nicolas , Marcinowski Moritz , Klepp Juergen , Fischer Thomas , Brueckner Thorsten , Boehm Christoph , Keller Thomas
Published: April 2017

Background:

A multitude of troponin assays for the point-of-care (POC) have been developed showing a lack of analytical sensitivity and precision. We present a new platform solution for the high-sensitivity detection of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in a 30 μL whole blood sample with a turnaround time of 11 min.

Methods:

The immunoassay was completely run in a ready-to-use plastic disposable, a centrifugal microfluidic disc with fully integrated reagents. After the sample application, the assay was automatically processed by separating the cellular blood components via centrifugation, followed by incubation of a defined volume from the generated plasma with the immunoreagents. The fluorescence in the signal zone of a membrane was measured after its washing for the cTnT quantitation.

Results:

A calibration curve, measured in whole blood samples spiked with native human cTnT, was generated covering a range up to a concentration of approximately 8300 ng/L. The lower detection limit was determined to be 3.0 ng/L. At a concentration of 14 ng/L, the 99th percentile value from the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay in the Elecsys

Conclusions:

The described technology shows that an analytical performance for a highly sensitive determination of cTnT can be achieved in a POC setting.
A case of giant vein of Galen malformation resulting in severe IUGR
Authors: Mareri Arianna , Boyle Mike , Laffan Eoghan E. , Curley Anna
Published: April 2017

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital vascular malformation. We describe a unique case of VGAM diagnosed antenatally due to severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and heart failure. The neonate underwent two transarterial interventional embolization procedures on days 1 and 4 due to developing ventricular dilation and worsening cardiac failure. We emphazise the importance of a prenatal brain color-Doppler study in all cases of IUGR and the importance of tertiary center referral for a multidisciplinary team approach. Early embolization should be considered in the presence of antenatal heart failure, aiming to limit the neurological sequelae and the multiorgan failure.
Gestational group B streptococcal infection in two twin pregnancies
Authors: Ciccia Matilde , Salerno Angela , Mascio Alberto Di , Berardi Alberto , Chakrokh Roksana , Sandri Fabrizio
Published: April 2017

Twin pregnancies represent an interesting pattern in which selective infection of one gestational sac over the other can occur. Despite the ubiquity of Group B streptococcus (GBS), only a few cases documenting twin gestational GBS infections have been reported. We describe two cases of gestational GBS infection in twin pregnancies (a monochorionic/diamniotic pregnancy and a dichorionic/diamniotic pregnancy) both resulting in the death of one twin.
Discordant malformation in a monozygotic pregnancy: abdominoschisis and sirenomelia
Authors: Alvarez de la Rosa Rodríguez Margarita , Padilla-Pérez Ana Isabel , Mastrolia Salvatore Andrea , Martínez-Wallin Ingrid , Carballo-Lorenzo Janet , Troyano-Luque Juan Mario
Published: April 2017

Congenital malformations occur in up to 10% of monochorionic twins and are usually discordant. Body wall defect (BWD) is a rare entity of very low prevalence, defined as a combination of various malformations, including fetal body mutilations of thoracic and/or abdominal organs that can be caused by amniotic rupture early in embryonic development. Sirenomelia is a form of caudal regression syndrome that presents with lower limb fusion, among other anomalies. In this report, we will present a second trimester monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy, with BWD-abdominoschisis in one fetus and sirenomelia in the other one. Amniotic bands could not be found. Of particular importance in respect to both malformations is the timing of the insult that could have caused both anomalies.
Acute lymphoblastic congenital leukemia as a cause of perinatal death following massive cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wolf Benjamin , Monecke Astrid , Horn Lars-Christian , Thome Ulrich , Stepan Holger , Schrey-Petersen Susanne
Published: April 2017

Background

Congenital leukemia is a rare condition and most commonly found in infants with Down syndrome. The occurrence in newborns without a genetically predisposing syndrome is extremely infrequent.

Highlights

We describe a case of peripartal fetal death at 30 weeks and 4 days of gestation. Emergency cesarean section was performed after a previously uncomplicated pregnancy because of pathologic fetal heart rate tracing and suspected intracranial hemorrhage on ultrasound imaging. Resuscitation of the newborn was unsuccessful and stopped after 30 min, when ultrasound of the fetus confirmed very severe intracranial and intraabdominal bleeding. Autopsy was performed after informed consent and demonstrated evidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the bone marrow, associated with wide spread visceral involvement.

Conclusion

Perinatal fetal demise due to congenital leukemia is exceedingly rare and can occur unexpectedly in the third term after a normal pregnancy. We here report the clinical and pathologic findings, discuss the pathogenesis of fetal leukemia and its clinical manifestations along with a thorough review of the relevant literature.
Large multiple chorangiomas of the placenta causing acute neonatal respiratory failure
Authors: Schneider Hendryk , Hentschel Roland , Enderle-Ammour Kathrin
Published: April 2017

Chorangioma is the most common benign tumor of the placenta. Tumors larger than 5 cm can cause adverse fetal outcomes. We describe the case of a term infant presenting with acute respiratory failure due to fetal heart insufficiency. In this particular case, the presence of a multifocal chorangiomatosis causing fetal heart failure was not diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound but first by the histopathological report of the placenta.
Woodland reserves within an urban agglomeration as important refuges for small mammals
Authors: Gryz Jakub , Lesiński Grzegorz , Krauze-Gryz Dagny , Stolarz Przemysław
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study was to determine the species richness (S, Chao- 1 index) and diversity (Shannon-Wiener H’ index, diversity profiles) of small mammal assemblages in woodland reserves in an urban agglomeration and to compare the similarity of assemblages (with the use of Ward’s method) in terms of proportions of small mammals connected to the habitats of different level of naturalness. The work was conducted from 2004-2015 at 9 woodland reserves in Warsaw (Poland). On the basis of the analysis of pellets of tawny owls Strix aluco, 2792 individuals were identified (24 species). Reserves supported from 7 to 16 of the small mammal species, the highest overall number of species estimated (Chao-1) was 19. Species present in every reserve were Apodemus flavicollis, A. agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Sorex araneus and Talpa europaea. Least frequent were Microtus agrestis and M. subterraneus. Seven species of bats were detected. Species diversity was lower in the biggest forest complexes, where forest rodents dominated small mammal assemblage. The heterogeneity of habitats within reserve and in the surroundings, in combination with limited human-interference, resulted in an increase in the species diversity. Overall, the reserves under study were an important refuge for small mammals within the Warsaw agglomeration. However, safeguarding of adjacent areas against excessive anthropogenic change is needed and ecological corridors that link different areas need to be retained.
Is cut-stump and girdling an efficient method of black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. eradication?
Authors: Otręba Anna , Marciszewska Katarzyna , Janik Daria
Published: April 2017

Efforts to prevent the invasion of black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. have a long history in Western Europe. However, effective methods of eliminating it that do not bear negative side effects for ecosystems have not yet been developed. Mechanical methods are the first choice in environmentally sensitive areas. In this study, we aimed to find answers to the questions: does the application of cutting at a height of 1 m from the ground limit the sprouting capacities of black cherry? And, is stem girdling an effective method of eliminating black cherry? The study was carried out in the Kampinos National Park, on two mixed pine forest plots with undergrowth of black cherry. Three mechanical methods of elimination were applied: cut-stump at the base, cutting at a height of 1 m above the ground and girdling of the stem at a height of ca 1 m above the ground. In both locations, 225 trees were treated, at three different dates corresponding with three different phenological phases of black cherry development. The evaluation of effectiveness of treatments was based on the sprouting capacity of the tree afterwards, which included: the number of generated sprouts, the length of three longest sprouts, dry mass of sprouts, and the assessment of tree survival rate. It was discovered that girdling is a significantly more effective method of control than ground-level cut-stump or cutting at a height of 1 m above the ground in the conditions of central Poland. However, in the season of treatment, even though recurring sprouts were removed, only a part of the girdled trees died (24% to 54%). There is a slight difference between the sprouting response of cutting at a height of 1 m above the ground (4% to 24% of dead trees) and the basal cut-stump method (0% of dead trees).
Response of the callus cells of fir (Abies nordmanniana) to in vitro heavy metal stress
Authors: Nawrot-Chorabik Katarzyna
Published: April 2017

The aim of the presented research was to investigate the effect of three heavy metals - lead, cadmium and copper - on the callus cells of Abies nordmanniana. The toxicity degree and toxicity effect of the selected heavy metals was determined on the embryonic level. On the basis of the spectrometric analyses as well as macroscopic and microscopic observations, this research referred to the accumulation of heavy metals in tissues, assuming that this mechanism is related to the acquisition of tolerance by cells exposed to this type of abiotic stress. Moreover, the effect of the genotype of fir on the cell defence, that is, the induction of tolerance, was analysed. Understanding of the issues related to the heavy metal resistance of plant genotypes in future may contribute to the selection of genotypes of individuals that are more resistant to stress factors, particularly in the multi-directional and rational forest management. The results showed that lead (20 mg l-1), which proved to be the most toxic amongst the three examined heavy metals, has the most severe negative effects on the tissue of fir trees. Copper (20 mg l-1) was accumulated for a long time in the cells of fir trees, and it was not degraded or excreted outside the tissues even after three weeks of in vitro culture. Of the three tested genotypes, G14 had the greatest tendency to accumulate each of the examined metals, that is, it appeared to be the least tolerant genotype.
Accumulation of heavy metals in needles and bark of Pinus species
Authors: Parzych Agnieszka , Mochnacký Sergej , Sobisz Zbigniew , Kurhaluk Natalia , Polláková Nora
Published: April 2017

During the research, cumulative properties of conifer needles P. armandii, P. banksiana, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. sylvestris and P. wallichiana in reference to Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cd were analysed, and the factors which have an impact on the chemical composition of the bark of those species were identified. During the study, the age of needles and the content of the examined components in soil was taken into consideration. The content of metals in the needles varied, depending on a species and the age of the coniferous needles. In most cases, a higher level of content of those metals was determined in 2 years old needles, except for Cu and Zn (P. banksiana) as well as Zn (P. nigra), in which case, higher concentration of metals in 1 year old needles was determined. The obtained results indicate that the heavy metals’ concentration in the samples of needles was relatively low, except for Ni (P. armandii, P. sylvestris, P. wallchiana) and Cd (P. armandii, P. banksiana), which showed higher levels. Among the examined elements, Mn was accumulated in the largest volume in the needles of P. banksiana, Fe and Cu in the needles of P. wallchiana, Ni in the needles of P. sylvestris, Zn in the needles of P. nigra and Cd in the needles of P. armandii. The bark samples represented a clearly acidic reaction, with pH levels from 3.7 (P. sylvestris) to 4.9 (P. armandii). The highest quantities of Mn, Fe, Cu and Cd were accumulated by the bark of P. armandii, Ni in the bark of P. sylvestris and Cu in the bark of P. mugo.
Genetic variation of silver fir progeny from Tisovik Reserve population determined via microsatellite and isozyme markers
Authors: Pawlaczyk Ewa Maria , Bączkiewicz Alina , Buczkowska Katarzyna , Bobowicz Maria Anna
Published: April 2017

Progeny from 19 family lines of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) from a small, native and isolated population from the Tisovik Reserve (Belarusian part of Białowieża Primeval Forest) growing in an experimental plot near Hajnówka (Polish part of Białowieża Primeval Forest) were analysed in terms of 4 nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and 9 isozyme systems with 14 loci. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variation within and between progeny lines. Analysis of isozyme loci showed that all progeny lines, except the progeny lines T6 and T16, were characterised by an excess of heterozygotes and 20% of the detected variation occurred between progeny. Progeny formed two groups. Microsatellite loci showed that 6 progeny lines demonstrated an excess of heterozygotes and 12 an excess of homozygotes. On an average, the population was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 14% of the detected variation occurred between offspring and the remaining 86% within progeny lines. The most distinct progeny line was Tl, where the highest number of alleles per locus was detected. Generally, progeny of Tisovik is characterised by high level of differentiation as the offspring of isolated population that have limited number of individuals to crossing (only 20). In some progeny line, the private alleles that are detected may be the result of pollination from Polish part of Białowieża Forest where in 1920s and 1930s of XX century had planted the seedling of silver fir of unknown origin. The substructuring of population is observed, and the detected deficiency of heterozygotes may be ostensible as a result of the Wahlund effect. Such pattern of genetic structure could also be an effect of harsh environmental conditions exerting selection pressure and modifying the genetic composition of this population.
Basic assumptions for forest management and nature conservation from axiological, legal, and economic perspective
Authors: Czerepko Janusz , Geszprych Marek , Gołos Piotr
Published: April 2017

The subject matters of this article are mutual relationships between nature conservation and forest management, considered from the axiological and legal point, as well as the economic and social conditions of forest management.
Phosphite fertilisers as inhibitors of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) growth in tests in vitro
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz , Pacia Artur , Siebyła Marta , Oszako Tomasz
Published: April 2017

This study is designed to test the potential for reducing the growth of the mycelium of the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) by using phosphite preparations at various concentrations in vitro. The study shows that adding pure phosphite to potato dextrose agar media inhibits the development of the fungus, but if the preparation is applied in the form of ammonium phosphite (Actifos), the growth of fungus will be accelerated. Probably the addition of nitrogen contained in the product Actifos has positive effect on the mycelial growth, but pure phosphite restricts its development. These studies are preliminary and only show the potential use of phosphite to reduce the development of H. fraxineus; however, to completely confirm its operation, further research is needed in this area.
Analysis of the structure and cost of capital in mining enterprises
Authors: Ranosz Robert
Published: April 2017

This article focuses on the analysis of the structure and cost of capital in mining companies. Proper selection of appropriate levels of equity and debt capital funding of investment has a significant impact on its value. Thus, to maximize the value of the company, the capital structure of the company should be composed to minimize the weighted average cost of capital. T he objective of the article is to present the capital structure of selected Polish and world’s mining companies and estimate their cost of equity and debt capital. In the paper the optimal capital structure for the Polish mining company (KGHM SA) was also estimated. It was assumed that both Polish and world’s mining companies, have no debt exceeding 45% in the financing structure. For the most of analyzed cases, the level of financing with debt capital is in the range between 10% and 35%. T he cost of equity exceeds the cost of debt capital and is in the range between 8% and 20%, while the cost of debt capital reaches the range between 1.9% and 12%. T he analysis of the optimal capital structure determining, performed for the selected mining company, showed that debt capital funding for the company should be in the range between 5.7% and 7.4%.
Selected elements cations exchange in acidic medium on sorbents surface based on modified brown coal
Authors: Stempkowska Agata , Izak Piotr , Mastalska-Popławska Joanna
Published: April 2017

Studies on the sorption and desorption of selected Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+ cations by materials based on modified brown coal were carried out. The chemical modification of the sorbent material consisted of grinding involving different inorganic substances and organic polymers. Samples were subjected to chemical modification at elevated temperatures for several hours. For comparative purposes, as apart from brown coal, pure humic acids are known for the highest cations exchange capacity, samples of brown coal before and after purification were also analyzed. The ion capacity was determined under static conditions, measuring the difference in the concentration of cations in the sorbent before and after sorption and then after rinsing the sorbent with distilled water (A), and after the desorption process with hydrochloric acid (B).

Studies have shown that sorbents based on modified brown coal have rather significant exchange capacities in the range of 270-450 meq/100 g for the first stage and 90-200 meq/100 g for the second stage. It was also found that purified humic acid (450-200 meq/100 g) has the highest exchange capacity and modified brown coal obtained at 250°C has the lowest. The measurement of desorption showed that approximately 10% of the cations are already leached by distilled water and the residue is desorbed under the influence of 10% hydrochloric acid, but the total amount of cations is compatible with the measurement process of the second stage.

The sorption affinity to various cations is different. In the case of the sorption measurements, modified sorbents show the highest sorption affinity with respect to calcium, while the unmodified raw brown coal with respect to chromium. The next stage of the measurement showed that the valence of the cation has the highest impact on the sorption affinity.
Geochemical Characterization of the Freshwater Faunal Horizons of the Lublin Formation from the Lublin Coal Basin
Authors: Krzeszowska Ewa , Kokowska-Pawłowska Magdalena
Published: April 2017

The most important part of the coal-bearing Carboniferous series is the Lublin formation (Lublin beds) (Westphalian A and B), where the main multi-seam coal deposits occur. Westphalian B is represented by a limnic series with are irregularly formed horizons of freshwater faunal.

The paper presents the characteristics of horizons containing the remains of freshwater faunal from the boreholes: Borowo, Syczyn 7, Kulik, Kopina 1 (LCB).

These horizons build claystones with layers or clay siderite concretions.

For the analyzed horizons the content of the following elements: U, Th, V, Cr, Rb, K (ICP-MS) and oxides: Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, MnO, TiO2, Cr2O3 (XRF) were determined. The most commonly ratios used in the identification of palaeoenvironment sedimentary were calculated (Th/U, Th/K2O, V/Cr, P2O5/Al2O3, Rb/K).

It was found that the content of elements U, Th, V, Cr, Rb K showed very similar values for claystones from borehole: Borowo, Syczyn 7, Kulik, while the sample from borehole Kopina 1 clearly lower value was observed.

The research for all samples showed that those ratios such as: U, Th, Th/U, P2O5/Al2O3, V/Cr, Rb/K may be used to identify sedimentary environment and to geochemical correlations of the sedimentary rock sequences in the LCB.
Evaluation the Value of Some Petrographic, Physico-Chemical and Geochemical Indicators of Quality of Coal in Paralic Series of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin and Attempt to Find a Correlation Between Them
Authors: Parzentny Henryk , Róg Leokadia
Published: April 2017

A total of 56 coal seam samples (from active and closed coal mines) representing USCB Paralic Series, were tested. It was determined that the tested coal has low content of mineral matter (especially in Hruśov Beds) as well as of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, V and Zn. Only Mn and Pb content in coal is higher than in coal from other deposits around the world. There are differences in the values of physical and chemical, petrographic and geochemical indices of coal quality, between the northern and the south-western part of the USCB and in the profile of the Paralic Series.

Thanks to the revealed correlations between the indices of coal quality, significant differences in the role mineral and organic substance play in concentrating some of the trace elements in the tested coal, were determined. Moreover, it was observed that an increase in the rank of coal (expressed with an increase in the value of R0 or/and Qsdaf or/and Cdaf), accompanies a decrease in the content of oxides of main elements in coal ash as well as sulfur and other trace elements in coal. The dependence was observed both in lateral and stratigraphic differences in the rank of coal. Mutual dependences between the indices of the rank of coal (R0, Cdaf, Qsdaf, Vdaf) in the northern and south-western area of the research and in Poruba Beds and Jaklovec Beds, were confirmed.

It was determined that an increase in the value of Roga Index (RI) is accompanied by an increase in P2O5 content in ash of coal from the south-western part of the research area. It is probably a result of concurrence of a regional positive anomaly in the rank of coal and high P2O5 content in coal seams in the south-western part of the USCB. The observed increase in the value of RI, accompanying a decrease in the content of sulfate minerals, Cr and Ni in coal and Na2O in coal ash; results from the role the carbonisation process plays in distributing main and trace elements in the mineral matter of coal.
Valorization of coal mining waste dumps from he mines of Katowicki Holding Węglowy
Authors: Probierz Krystian , Gawor Łukasz , Jonczy Iwona , Marcisz Marek
Published: April 2017

The cataloging of over 220 coal mining dumping grounds after hard coal mining was carried out on the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). Considering the significant content of coal particles in the waste, these object may be perceived as perspective anthropogenic deposits. In order to define the possibilities of recovery, an attempt of linking the quality of coal in the deposit and the in waste material was performed. Another step is the reclamation and use of dumping grounds after completing effective recovery processes.

The purpose of the research was the cataloging, mapping and valorization of coal mining waste dumps from Katowicki Holding Węglowy coal mines, for the needs of reclamation and management of examined objects and defining the potential recovery of coal from the dumps. The valorization of the post-mining waste dumps was done with the use of original methodology, considering the problems of: reclamation, management, accessibility of the dumps as well as environmental hazards. T he directions of the technical reclamation (e.g. landscape objects, tabular dumps) and biological reclamation (e.g. forest direction, mixed reclamation (grass and tree reclamation), grass cultivation, lack of reclamation) were defined. Accessibility with regard to open access/closing of the dump area and the roads leading towards the object were evaluated. T he connection of coal quality in the deposits of KHW S.A. and in waste material enabled the definition and evaluation of the potential possibilities of recovery of coal from the post mining dumping grounds.
Examinations of Polish brown and hard coals in terms of their use in the steam gasification process
Authors: Porada Stanisław , Dziok Tadeusz , Czerski Grzegorz , Grzywacz Przemysław , Strugała Andrzej
Published: April 2017

In order to determine the suitability of Polish coals for steam gasification, five Polish hard coals and three brown coals, which are used for power and heat production, were examined in this work. The examinations of the process of steam gasification were conducted with the use of a laboratory plant which allows for measurements within a broad pressure range with the thermovolumetric method. Reactivity evaluations for the examined coals were conducted on the basis of an analysis of the shape of the kinetic curves of formation of major gasification products and a comparison of the curves of the carbon conversion degree of the examined raw materials. In order to evaluate the reactivity of the examined coals, the following factors were utilized: a comparison of the shape of the curves of the carbon conversion degree and the maximal value of the carbon conversion degree, the time of partial conversion τ0.5, the reactivity index R0.5, as well as the reaction rate constant of carbon conversion. The yields, composition and calorific value of the resulting gas were determined as well as the reaction rate constants of formation of particular gaseous products of gasification. Additionally, for the examined coals, ash fusibility and the content of selected impurities, e.g. sulfur, chlorine and mercury, were given.
CO2 mineral sequestration with the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag
Authors: Uliasz-Bocheńczyk Alicja , Mokrzycki Eugeniusz
Published: April 2017

The mineral sequestration using waste products is a method of reducing CO2 emissions that is particularly interesting for major emitters and producers of mineral wastes, such as iron and steel industries. The CO2 emissions from iron and steel production amounted to 6,181.07 kt in 2014 (PNIR 2016). The aforementioned industry participates in the EU emission trading system (EU ETS). However, blast furnace processes produce mineral waste - slag with a high content of CaO which can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. Metallurgical slag can be used to carry out direct (a one-step process) or indirect (two-stage process) process of mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide.

The paper presents the degree of carbonation of the examined samples of granulated blast furnace slags defined by the six-digit code (10 02 01) for the waste and the respective two-digit (10 02) chapter heading, according to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 9 December 2014 on the waste catalogue. The carbonation process used the direct gas-solid method. The slags were wetted on the surface and treated with CO2 for 28 days; the obtained results were compared with the analysis of fresh waste products. The analyzed slags are characterized by a high content of calcium (nearly 24%), while their theoretical binding capacity of CO2 is up to 34.1%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the phase composition of slags has revealed the presence of amorphous glass phase, which was confirmed with the thermogravimetric (DTA/TG) analysis. The process of mineral sequestration of CO2 has resulted in a significant amount (9.32%) of calcium carbonate - calcite, while the calculated degree of carbonation of the examined blast furnace slag is up to 39%. The high content of calcium, and a significant content of CaCO3-calcite, has confirmed the suitability of the discussed waste products to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
The storage location problem in a coal supply chain: background and methodological approach
Authors: Benalcazar Pablo , Kamiński Jacek , Saługa Piotr W.
Published: April 2017

In order to achieve two main objectives: (1) reduce risk and (2) increase the expected rate of return on invested capital, coal mining and coal trading companies have looked for new ways to improve their supply chain networks. Developments in the supply chain design and analysis have helped coal mining and coal trading companies expand their businesses, but at the same time, have forced them to consolidate their assets and downsize any underused storage facilities. In the coal mining industry, the problem of consolidation and downsizing becomes much more complicated due to the variety in quality parameters (hence many coal grades) involved, locational zones and different number of market players. Furthermore, for the last decade, the storage allocation and assignment problem has received a great deal of attention within the Logistics and Operation Research (OR) area. Yet, little attention has been given to the modeling of coal supply chains and the issue of strategic supply chain planning of coal-producing and coal-trading companies. Similar to the generic warehouse consolidation problem (WCP), in specific cases of coal-producing and coal-trading companies, storage facilities that are redundant or underutilized can be eliminated without causing a negative impact on customer and service levels. In this context, this paper discusses the background of the problem and proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model mainly intended for storage and distribution network reconfiguration of a coal-producing or trading company. The model, which can be implemented in a high-level mathematical modelling system such as GAMS or AIMMS, captures the essential methodological features of a warehouse restructuring and/or consolidation problem and can be applied in practice.
Phase transitions of ferruginous minerals in the course of thermal processing of feldspar-quartz raw materials from the Sobótka region (Lower Silesia)
Authors: Lewicka Ewa
Published: April 2017

This paper presents the results of analyses of feldspar-quartz raw materials from deposits of leucogranites located in the Sobótka region. This is a successive stage of research carried out by the author on reasons for colour variation of ceramic materials obtained from them. This step encompassed the firing of sample pairs of analogous chemical composition in different conditions: in a standard cycle lasting more than 2 hours (at a maximum temperature of 1200°C), and a fast one - lasting around 50 minutes (at a max. temperature of 1260°C). The obtained ceramic bodies were analysed using the XRD method, scanning microscopy SEM-EDS and57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The XRD investigations revealed the presence of quartz in both samples, while remnants of sodium feldspar were observed in the one fired in the fast cycle. The scanning microscopy confirmed that the principal component of the examined bodies is the aluminosilicate melt, resulting from the thermal decomposition of mainly feldspars and quartz. Single quartz grains and other minerals of high melting temperatures, i.e. zirconium, were also observed in the course of microscopic examinations. Products of other mineral phases’ transformations at high temperature, such as: titanomagnetite (spinel Fe-Ti), magnetite, biotite, xenotime, sphalerite as well as probably chlorites and garnets, were also relatively frequent. Mössbauer studies demonstrated the presence of three basic components constituting 30% (each) of the spectra, i.e. Fe2O3(presumably hematite), Fe3+ions (dispersed in aluminosilicate glassy phase), and nanocrystalline or amorphous oxide phase of iron (Fe-O). Some relatively small amounts (5 and 10%) of mixed valence iron cations (Fe2+/3+) that are not expected to influence the colour difference between samples after firing were also found. A paramagnetic doublet referring to them can be attributed to a titanomagnetite spinel or products of its thermal decomposition. The above-mentioned observations and examinations lead to the finding that the main reason for colour variation in the examined bodies as well as their different microstructure and advancement of phase transitions in the course of firing are different conditions of thermal treatment. These probably also influenced the forms in which iron and other colouring elements occur in the samples studied.
Design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2-alkyl- and 2-aryl-3-(phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives
Authors: Mohammadi Ali Asghar , Ahdenov Reza , Abolhasani Sooki Ali
Published: April 2017

2-Alkyl and 2-aryl-3-(phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones 4a–h were synthesized in a one-pot three-component condensation of an isatoic anhydride 1a–h, ethyl or methyl ortho ester and phenylhydrazine in the presence of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O (alum) as a nontoxic, reusable, inexpensive and easily available catalyst. The synthesis was conducted under microwave irradiation or classical heating. Products 4a and 4b show good antimicrobial activities.
Ultrasound mediated synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-7-carbonitrile derivatives in H2O/EtOH medium
Authors: Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Mehraban Masoomeh , Darvishi Kiana , Abaee M. Saeed
Published: April 2017

A one-pot cyclocondensation of 1,3-dioxane-5-one (1) with malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes in aqueous sodium hydroxide under ultrasonic irradiation furnishes a series of pyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin derivatives 3. Reactions are completed after a few minutes and the precipitated products are purified by simple crystallization from ethanol. The reaction with ethyl cyanoacetate instead of malononitrile gives the respective analogous products in high yields.
Changes in the style and content of Australian election campaign speeches from 1901 to 2016: A computational linguistic analysis
Authors: Dalvean Michael
Published: April 2017

There have been significant social and political changes in Australian society since federation in 1901. The issues that are considered politically salient have also changed significantly. The purpose of this article is to examine changes in the style and content of election campaign speeches over the period 1901-2016. The corpus consists of 88 election campaign speeches delivered by the Prime Minister and Opposition leader for the 45 elections from 1901 to 2016. I use natural language processing to extract from the speeches a number of linguistic variables which serve as independent variables and use the year of delivery as the dependent variable. I then use machine learning to develop a regression model which explains 77 per cent of the variance in the dependent variable. Examination of the salient independent variables shows that there have been significant linguistic changes in the style and content of election speeches over the study period. In particular speeches have become less linguistically complex, less introspective, more focused on work and the home, and contain more visual and social references. I discuss these changes in the context of changes in Australian society over the study period.
A functional comparison of recurrent word-combinations in English original vs. translated texts
Authors: Ebeling Signe Oksefjell , Ebeling Jarle
Published: April 2017

The study explores the potential of quantitative methods to shed light on how texts originally written in English (EO) and texts translated into English (ET) from Norwegian cluster in terms of functional classes. The object of study are sequences of three words (3-grams), classified into 15 functional categories. The investigation establishes that EO and ET do not differ significantly in half of the categories. As for the categories that do differ, two (Comparison and Spatial) are investigated in more detail, uncovering that the more frequent use of Comparison and Spatial 3-grams in ET is most likely a result of source language shining through. The findings are important in the context of both descriptive translation studies and translation-based contrastive studies. With regard to the former, the current study shows that, in many cases, ET does not seem to constitute a ‘third code’ at the level of 3-gram functions, since the same functions are equally attested in EO. As far as contrastive studies are concerned, the investigation reveals few, if any, lexico-grammatical differences between EO and ET that overturn the belief that translations are a good tertium comparationis when comparing and contrasting language systems.
Digitization of the Mary Hamilton Papers
Authors: Gardner Anne-Christine , Hundt Marianne , Kindlimann Moira
Published: April 2017

Held at The John Rylands Library, Manchester, the Mary Hamilton Papers are a valuable, but still largely untapped resource for linguistic, cultural and literary studies focussing on the late eighteenth century. In her diaries Lady Mary Hamilton (1756-1816) documents daily life and friendships with intellectual figures of the time, for instance Horace Walpole and members of the Bluestocking circle, which included Elizabeth Montagu and Frances Burney. The archive also contains letters written to Lady Mary Hamilton by her family and other members of her social network.

The aim of this project is to prepare a digital edition of materials from the Mary Hamilton Papers with TEI-conformant XML mark-up, in which both a facsimile of the manuscripts and their transliterations (preserving the original spelling, punctuation and layout) will be displayed. In addition, the edition will offer rich meta-data and mark-up of places, persons and literary works, as well as normalized spellings, which will assist searches for linguistic features differing from Present-day English such as (non-)capitalisation (e.g. english, Breakfast) and past tense spellings like dress’d and staid.

Drawing on material from the Mary Hamilton Papers and the Corpus of Late Modern English Prose, we provide a case study to illustrate the usefulness of the Mary Hamilton Papers for the study of language change and social networks in the Late Modern period.
Empirical perspectives on two potential epicenters: The genitive alternation in Asian Englishes
Authors: Heller Benedikt , Bernaisch Tobias , Gries Stefan Th.
Published: April 2017

The present study seeks to contribute to two sparsely examined areas of World Englishes research by (i) quantitatively evaluating two potential linguistic epicenters in Asia (Indian and Singapore English) while (ii) investigating the English genitive alternation in a cross-varietal perspective. In a corpus-based bottom-up approach, we evaluate 4,200 interchangeable genitive cases of written English from Great Britain, Hong Kong, India, the Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka, as represented in the International Corpus of English. We use a new method called MuPDARF, a multifactorial deviation analysis based on random forest classifications, to evaluate to what extent and with which factors the Asian varieties differ from British English in their genitive choices. Results show conspicuous differences between British English and the Asian varieties and validate the potential epicenter status of Indian English for South Asia, but not unanimously that of Singapore English for Southeast Asia.
Characterization of adjectival -ed and -ing forms of psychological verbs in English
Authors: Matsui Chie , Arai Yasutomo
Published: April 2017

This study examines for the first time a very large set of psychological verbs and their derived adjectives in English. To determine whether an item is an adjective or not, we take the standard structural criteria of morphological (-ly or un-), morpho-syntactic (very, -er/-est or more/most) and syntactic (seem, look, or feel) characteristics. As for the data, we selected three data bases and gathered those containing certain items in specific contexts, such as whether the item in question takes a -ly or un- affix, or a comparative or superlative form, or follows seem, look or feel. We took dictionaries as our source of criteria in checking whether an item was perceived to be an adjective. As a result, we found some hierarchy within adjectives as to whether they take morphological, morpho-syntactic, or syntactic characteristics. The most powerful determinant of adjectives is the morphological characteristic -ly.
Annotating the ICE corpora pragmatically – preliminary issues & steps
Authors: Weisser Martin
Published: April 2017

Since the inception of the ICE project in 1990, ICE corpora have been used extensively in the investigation and comparison of varieties of English on different linguistic levels. These levels, however, have so far primarily been restricted to lexis and lexico-grammar, while relatively little has to date been achieved in the investigation of pragmatic strategies used by the speakers in these corpora. One of the main reasons for this shortcoming is a lack of suitable annotation that would make such a detailed pragmatic comparison possible. This paper will propose a suitable model and format for converting and enriching the ICE corpora with different levels of pragmatics-relevant information, as well as discussing the issues involved in this endeavour. And finally, to illustrate the feasibility of this aim, the paper will also include a small case study carried out on a number of files, pointing out how the resulting annotations could later be exploited in pragmatics research.
Comparison of parental socio-demographic factors in children and adolescents presenting with internalizing and externalizing disorders
Authors: Alavi Nazanin , Roberts Nasreen , DeGrace Elizabeth
Published: April 2017

Objective:

This study aimed to: (a) examine parental socio-demographic factors in children and adolescents referred to an outpatient service for internalizing and externalizing disorders, and (b) compare the demographic variables and diagnoses for the two diagnostic groups.

Methods:

Parents of all children who were referred to the child and adolescent outpatient service were asked to participate. Following their informed consent, they completed a socio-demographic questionnaire for themselves and a Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) for their child. The CBCL scores and the diagnoses assigned by the psychiatrists were then recorded for each child. Diagnoses were classified as internalizing or externalizing based on the primary DSM-IV diagnosis assigned by the psychiatrists. Data for the two groups were compared for study variables using Pearson correlation, t-tests, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression.

Results:

Children who had externalizing disorders tended to live with unemployed single parents who had lower education levels and lived in rented or assisted housing. Children with internalizing problems tended to live in owned homes with employed parents. There was no significant association between age or gender for either group.

Conclusion:

Previous literature has reported an association between low SES and more mental health problems; however, the relationship between different indicators of SES and diagnosis is not clear. Despite small numbers, our study revealed significant differences between the parental socio-demographic factors for externalizing compared with internalizing disorders.
Original Research. Correlation Between Cranial Base Morphology And Various Types Of Skeletal Anomalies
Authors: Panainte Irinel , Suciu Victor , Mártha Krisztina-Ildikó
Published: April 2017

Background: Previous studies regarding various types of malocclusions have found correlations between the angle of the base of the skull and prognathism. Aim of the study: This cephalometric study sought to investigate the function of the cranium base angle in different types of malocclusion on a group of Romanian subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-four cephalometric radiographs were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric records were digitized, and with the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X5 software 22 landmarks have been marked on each radiograph. A number of linear and angular variables were calculated. Results: The angle of the base of the skull was found to be higher in Class II Division 1 subjects compared to the Class I group. The cranial base lengths, N-S and S-Ba, were significantly larger in both categories of Class II malocclusion than in Class I patients, but measurements were comparable in Class I and Class III. The SNA angle showed no considerable variation between Class I subjects and the other groups. SNA-SNP was significantly increased above Class I values in Class II Division1 and Class II Division 2 groups. No significant dissimilarities were observed for these lengths between Class I and Class III patients. Conclusions: The angle of the cranium base (S-N-Ba, S-N-Ar) does not have a major role in the progression of malocclusion. In Angle Class II malocclusion the SNA angle is increased, and SNB is increased in malocclusion Class III. The anterior skull base length is increased in Class II anomalies. The length of the maxillary bone base is increased in Class II malocclusions type; in Class III type of malocclusion the length of the mandible bone is increased.
Original Research. Statistical Study Regarding Differences Between the Wax-Up, Mock-Up, and Final Restoration
Authors: Jánosi Kinga , Szász Andrea , Cerghizan Diana
Published: April 2017

The aesthetic rehabilitation of patients remains a challenge for practicians. To facilitate the clinicians’ and technicians’ task, several innovative methods were developed, like the diagnostic wax-up and mock-up. The width-to-length ratio of the maxillary frontal teeth can be used to evaluate dentofacial aesthetics. Our study presents the variations between the teeth size measured on casts obtained during the prosthodontic treatment.