bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI ANALIS JALUR UNTUK, HUMAN RELATIONS DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR WILAYAH KEMENTERIAN AGAMA PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Eliza Yulina , Yuharmain Hendra , Suheri Suheri
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menguji pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Disiplin pegawai serta dampaknya terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Kantor Kesbangpol, Satpol PP dan Damkar Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Populasi penelitian terdiri 60. Menganilisis data menggunakan Analisis Jalur.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Komitmen mampu meningkatkan Disiplin, artinya Gaya Kepeimpinan yang baik diiringi dengan Komitmen yang kuat akan meningkatkan Disiplin pegawai. Tingkat disipilin juga memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan kinerja para pegawai, artinya disiplin yang baik dan dilakukan secara terus menerus akan menghasilkan kinerja yang baik pula. Akan tetapi sesuai dengan hasil analisa jalur ternyata kedisiplinan sebagai variabel intervening malah membeikan pengaruh negatif terhadap hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan dan kinerja. Hal ini berarti untuk meningkatkan kinerja tidak dibutuhkan disiplin sebagai perantara, lebih baik jika dilakukan langsung antara gaya kepemimpinan dan kinerja. Lain halnya dengan hubungan tidak langsung antara komitmen dan kinerja, justru dengan adanya disiplin akan lebih meningkatkan kinerja pegawai di Kantor Kesbangpol, Satpol PP dan Damkar Kabupaten Dharmasraya.

 

Kata kunci: Gaya Kepemimpinan, Komitmen Organisasi, Disiplin Kerja, Dan Kinerja
IMPLEMENTASI PENGELOLAAN DANA ZAKAT PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nurnasrina Nurnasrina , Putra P. adiyes
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi pengelolaan dana zakat pada Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) di Indonesia serta untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pengelolaan dana zakat pada BUS di Indonesia. Jenis datanya adalah data sekunder, populasi 14 BUS dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 14 BUS yang ada di Indonesia hanya 10 BUS yang mengelola dana zakat. Pengelolaan dana zakat pada 10 BUS menggunakan 4 model. Dana zakat disalurkan dalam bidang pemberdayaan ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan, dakwah dan sosial. Faktor pendukung pengelolaan dana zakat pada BUS adalah financial technology, jaringan kantor yang berjumlah 1.942 unit, kebijakan wajib zakat bagi pegawai yang mencapai nisab, dan customer awareness berzakat. Adapun faktor penghambat dalam pengelolaan dana zakat pada BUS di Indonesia berasal dari aspek hukum yaitu: (1) Pasal 4 ayat 2 Undang-Undang (UU) Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 terkait peran sosial perbankan syariah yang bersifat opsional, (2) Penjelasan Pasal 7 ayat 2 UU No. 23 tahun 2011 tentang pengelolaan zakat yang tidak memasukkan perbankan syariah sebagai mitra BAZNAS dalam pengelolaan zakat, dan (3) Amanah pasal 15b UU No. 25 tahun 2007 tentang kewajiban tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan sehingga bank syariah mengutamakan kewajiban tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan.

Kata Kunci: Manajemen, Zakat, Perbankan Syariah, BAZNAS dan Hukum
RESIKO KEGAGALAN INVESTASI PENDIDIKAN : STUDI PADA ANAK PUTUS SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA (SMP) DI DESA PANGERANAN, BANGKALAN-MADURA
Authors: tri putra Rais cahya , Kristina Anita
Published: August 2021

Studi ini menganalisis kegagalan terdidik dan risiko masa depan untuk putus sekolah di desa Pangeranan, Bangkalan-Madura. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Pangeranan, Bangkalan-Madura. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan yaitu orang tua dan anak putus sekolah. Analisis data dilakukan melalui metode induktif dengan menitikberatkan pada teori atau konsep investasi sumber daya manusia dan pengambilan keputusan. Temuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa terdapat faktor yang kuat dalam keputusan putus sekolah yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Temuan lainnya adalah putus sekolah berdampak pada perolehan pekerjaan dan upah yang rendah. Di masa depan resiko berkarir, karena bagi mereka yang terpenting adalah mendapatkan pekerjaan, sekecil apapun gajinya. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegagalan investasi pendidikan pada anak putus sekolah termasuk risiko pekerjaan di masa depan. Saran dari dinas pendidikan adalah untuk lebih menindaklanjuti fenomena siswa putus sekolah dengan melakukan pemantauan secara rutin di setiap sekolah serta mensosialisasikan pentingnya pendidikan dan memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat Desa Pangeranan.
PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS KE-ISLAMAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAERAH: BUKTI DATA PANEL KABUPATEN KOTA DI ACEH
Authors: Amri Khairul , Adi A. rahmat
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi hubungan fungsional antara pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dengan religiusitas ke-islaman. Pengukuran religiusitas keislaman diproxi dengan tiga dimensi yakni masjid, pesantren dan santri. Data yang dioperasionalkan adalah data panel 23 kabupaten kota di Aceh selama periode 2010-2017. Selanjutnya model analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi panel pendekatan fixed effect method dan Granger causality test. Penelitian menemukan bahwa perkembangan mesjid dan jumlah santri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sebaliknya pesantren tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Hasil granger causality test mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat kausalitas satu arah (directional causality) dari mesjid ke pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pesantren. Selanjutnya kausalitas dua arah (bidirectional causality) terjadi antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pesantren, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan santri dan antara pesantren dan santri.
PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN PAJAK, KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN SANKSI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK HOTEL DI SARANGAN MAGETAN
Authors: Rahayu Niti tri , Utomo Supri wahyudi , Vivin wihartanti Liana
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh pemahaman pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak, dan sanksi pajak secara parsial maupun secara simultan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak hotel di Sarangan Magetan.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi berjumlah 125 wajib pajak. Besar sampel sebanyak 56 wajib pajak yang ditentukan dengan teknik random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data meliputi uji instrumen (uji validitas dan reliabilitas), uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) berpengaruh positif pemahaman pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak hotel di Sarangan Magetan, (2) berpengaruh positif kesadaran wajib pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak hotel di Sarangan Magetan, (3) berpengaruh positif sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak hotel di Sarangan Magetan, (4) berpengaruh secara simultan pemahaman pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak, dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak hotel di Sarangan Magetan.
Chronic stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Authors:   Donetsk National Medical University named after M. Gorky, DUBOVAYA A. V. , IAROSHENKO S. Ya. ,   Donetsk National Medical University named after M. Gorky, PRILUTSKAYA O. A. ,   Donetsk National Medical University named after M. Gorky
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the influence of stress on the development of nervous tissue, in particular, on the synthesis of neurotrophins (by the example of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as the most studied class representative). The biological functions of BDNF are discussed as well as its influence on neuroplasticity and the mechanisms by which the protection of neurons is carried out. The article covers the relationship of the stress-implementing system (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) and its main active agent (cortisol) with the BDNF synthesis system at its various levels: from the inhibition of mRNA formation to the mechanisms of postsynaptic signal transmission. Information is also provided on changes of BDNF levels due to the maternal deprivation. Epigenetic changes under the influence of glucocorticoids are also reported. However, it is not only glucocorticoids that alter the functioning of the neurotrophin system. The article provides examples of the reverse effect, enabling to consider neurotrophins as a substance with an anti-stress function. In conclusion, the authors give examples of activities that, according to research, can stimulate the synthesis of neurotrophic factor in the brain.
Application of melatonin for prevention and treatment of circadian rhythm disorders
Authors:   Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A. I. Burnazyan, SAMOYLOV A. S. , RYLOVA N. V. ,   Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A. I. Burnazyan, ZHOLINSKIY A. V. ,   Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, BOLSHAKOV I. V. ,   Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A. I. Burnazyan, KAZAKOV V. F. ,   Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A. I. Burnazyan
Published: August 2021

The article presents data from the Russian and foreign literature of the properties of melatonin, its role in the vital activity of the body and the regulation of circadian rhythms. The features of using the drug in desynchronosis, the optimal dosage and time of administration, as well as the possibility of its use in combination with non-pharmacological treatment methods are discussed. These methods include dosed light exposure and exercise. Additionally, new studies are considered, indicating the beneficial effect of melatonin and its agonists on the immune, cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous systems. Based on the collected data, it is asserted that melatonin can significantly accelerate the process of adaptation to a new time zone without the development of side effects. Therefore, this drug is the most effective and safe treatment for desynchronosis. It is also important to note that the study of the multifaceted effects of melatonin on body functions opens up great prospects in the treatment of many diseases.
Features of gene expression of Toll-like receptors in the placenta and fetal membranes during full-term pregnancy, complicated by premature rupture of membrane
Authors:   Samara State Medical University of MOH, KAGANOVA M. A.
Published: August 2021

The purpose — to assess the level of mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 genes by the placenta and fetal membranes during full-term physiological pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of the membranes (tPROM). Material and methods. The placental and fetal membranes’ samples were collected during cesarean section to assess the level of mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 genes in 35 women with full-term pregnancy in City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov (Samara). The main group consisted of 20 pregnant women with tPROM, 15 women were included in the control group (without tPROM or the onset of labor). The level of mRNA expression of the TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 genes was determined by the method of reverse transcription PCR in real time (RT-PCR) in the laboratory of molecular genetic methods of DNA-Technology LLC, using a Proba NK set of reagents. Results. The level of TLR2 expression in the fetal membranes in the main group was 1,87 times higher than in the control group, of TLR4 — 0,69 times lower and of TLR7 — 1,57 times higher. In the placenta, the expression of mRNA TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 genes did not differ. When compared by loci, a significant increase in TLR7 expression in the placenta was noted compared to the fetal membranes. Conclusion. The expression of mRNA TLR2 and TLR7 was increased with PROM in the fetal membranes, while the placenta remained intact and apparently did not participate in the pathogenesis of PROM, but has a higher level of placental TLR7 in both groups, which is apparently associated with more intense antigenic viral stimulation of placental tissues during pregnancy compared with the membranes.
Relationship between aldosterone and lipids plasma levels in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors:   M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, SHEVELOK A. N.
Published: August 2021

The purpose — to determine the relationship between aldosterone plasma level and lipid blood profile in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 158 patients with stable HFpEF. Aldosterone plasma level was measured by immunoenzyme method with the reference value of 40–160 pg/ml. The assay of lipid blood profile included measurement of total cholesterol (TC), low (LDL-C) and high density (HDL-C) lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). Results. According to laboratory results, 99 patients (62,7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 55–70%) had normal (40–160 pg/ml) aldosterone plasma level (nAld) and 59 patients (37,3%, 95% CI 30–45%) had high (>160 pg/ml) aldosterone level (hAld). Levels of TC, LDL-C and TG in hAld group were significantly higher compared to nAld (p < 0,001). Correlation analysis showed significant (all Ps < 0,001) positive correlation between aldosterone and TC (r = 0,66), LDL cholesterol (r = 0,59), TG (r = 0,74) and body mass index (r = 0,59). Aldosterone did not correlate with HDL-C. Hyperaldosteronemia was a significant risk factor of high TC (odds ratio (OR) 4,44, 95% CI 1,97–10, for TC > 5 mmol/L, p < 0,001), LDL-C (OR 3,35, 95% CI 1,56 –7,21, for LDL-C > 3 mmol/L, p = 0,001) and TG (OR 3,04, 95% CI 1,43–6,90 for TG > 1,7 mmol/L, p = 0,006). TC, LDL-C and TG were significantly higher in obesity than in normal or overweight (p < 0,05). Significant changes in HDL-C depending on body mass index were not detected. Conclusions. In patients with HFpEF, aldosterone plasma level is closely related to TC, LDL-C and TG. Among hyperaldosteronic patients dyslipidemia is most severe in case of obesity.
Oligodendroglioma with lethal exposure. Clinical case
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, YASHIN S. S. , YUNUSOVA Yu. R. ,   Samara State Medical University, IBRAGIMOVA A. D. ,   Samara State Medical University, DUDKO A. D. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: August 2021

Tumors of the brain constitute only 2% of all primary tumors, but it is they that lead to disastrous, sometimes even fatal consequences. Patients have progressive disorders of vital activity, which in the absence of timely treatment can lead to death. It is important to note that brain tumors are not only difficult to diagnose, but also difficult to treat. The purpose — to determine the etiological and pathomorphogenetic features of oligodendroglioma, familiarizing readers with the problem of discrepancy between clinical and pathological diagnoses in practical medicine. Material and methods. The work presents a clinical case of a patient with fatal oligodendroglioma and statistical data on the disease. Results. When comparing the final clinical diagnosis and the pathological anatomical diagnosis, a discrepancy of the II category was determined due to the difficulty of diagnosing the disease: in a medical institution, the correct diagnosis was possible, but the occurring diagnostic error did not generally affect the outcome of the disease. Despite the use of high-precision medical imaging methods, it is impossible to establish the true nature of the onset of neurological symptoms in a patient in serious condition. With a routine approach, both clinicians and pathologists were unable to suspect a tumor in a patient prior to histological examination, which once again confirms the relevance of describing complex clinical cases.
Perspektif Ekonomi: Stimulus Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2020
Authors: Syahputri St. Elmiana Febri , Widya Eka Arista , Nabiela Najma , Attarsyah Azriel Auqi , Pimada Laila M.
Published: August 2021

Meningkatnya wabah virus Covid-19 seiring waktu telah menyebabkan banyaknya korban, juga berdampak terhadap aspek ekonomi, sosial dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pemerintah harus melakukan upaya dengan mengambil langkah-langkah dan kebijakan agar pandemi ini tidak menyebabkan efek jangka Panjang dan berdampak pada ketidakstabilan perekonomian dalam negeri yang berkelanjutan. Menindak lanjuti hal tersebut pemerintah kemudian mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan untuk menstimulus perekonomian antara lain “(Inpres) Nomor (4) Tahun 2020” dan “(Perppu) Nomor (1) tahun 2020” yang mana akhirnya diresmikan menjadi “UU Nomor (2) Tahun 2020”. Namun pada tulisan ini penulis akan berfokus pada peranan dari implementasi “UU Nomor (2) Tahun 2020” dalam menangani dampak Covid-19 di bidang stimulus ekonomi. Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu dalam rangka memahami dan menjelaskan pelaksanaan UU agar para pembaca dapat melakukan penilaian atas hasil realisasi kebijakan pemerintah, khususnya terkait penanganan COVID-19 dalam bidang ekonomi. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan studi literatur, hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari alokasi dana yang diperuntukkan di bidang belanja kesehatan sebesar Rp 87,55 triliun, jumlah pasien Covid-19 di Indonesia dari waktu ke waktu masih menunjukkan tren positif. Untuk program perlindungan sosial masyarakat, pemerintah mengalokasikan dana sejumlah Rp 203,9 triliun, serta stimulus kepada dunia usaha sebesar Rp 297,64 triliun. Program tersebut diharapkan efektif dalam rangka menekan angka kemiskinan, PHK serta pengangguran di Indonesia akibat dampak dari pandemi Covid-19.
Rasio Pasar sebagai Faktor Prediktif dalam Pengembalian Investasi
Authors: Prayogi Agung
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio profitabilitas, rasio likuiditas, rasio solvabilitas, rasio aktivitas dan rasio pasar terhadap return saham dengan ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel kontrol. Perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2015-2019 menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 28 perusahaan. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini terdiri 11 perusahaan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa rasio profitabilitas, rasio likuiditas, rasio solvabilitas dan rasio aktivitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap return saham. Hal tersebut karena rasio tersebut tidak berhubungan langsung dengan harga saham perusahaan. Namun, rasio pasar berpengaruh positif terhadap return saham. Hal tersebut karena rasio pasar berhubungan langsung dengan harga saham dan perolehan laba suatu perusahaan. Sementara itu, ukuran perusahaan tidak mampu menjadi variabel kontrol karena tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap return saham. Berdasar hasil penelitian maka investor harus memperhatikan rasio pasar dan faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi pasar saham dalam melakukan pengambilan keputusan investasi saham suatu perusahaan.
Ambidexterity Dalam Perkembangan UMKM Retail Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Trihudiyatmanto M,
Published: August 2021

Perkembangan usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) dan pasar tradisional masa pandemi covid-19 ini dinilai semakin berat. Sudah menjadi rahasia umum bahwa perkembangan UMKM retail sedikit mengalami ketersendatan semenjak maraknya perusahaan-perusahaan besar mulai membuka geraiMartnya sampai kepelosok desa. Hal ini membuat persaingan antar gerai-geraiMart dengan UMKM retail menjadi tidak terelakan. Ditambah lagi pandemi covid 19 yang memaksa pemerintah mengambil kebijakan lockdown dibeberapa daerah, akibatnya banyak dari UMKM retail yang mengalami mati suri.

Dilihat dari permasalahan yang diteliti, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kausalitas, yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan dan pengaruh (sebab-akibat) dari dua atau lebih fenomena (Sekaran 1992)[1], melalui pengujian hipotesis. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode accidental sampling dari 126 responden yang diambil dari populasi, yaitu UMKM Retail yang berdomisili di Kecamatan Garung, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Adapun metode pengumpulan data digunakan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian jawaban dari responden di skor dengan menggunakan skala linkert. Setelah dilakukan uji dengan statistik menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) maka diperoleh hasil dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut: Ambidexterity berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Garung, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Pandemi covid-19 tidak berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Garung, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Pandemi covid-19 memoderasi hubungan Exploitasi dan explorasi (anteseden ambidexterity) terhadap perkembangan UMKM di Kecamatan Garung, Kabupaten Wonosobo
Peran Kepuasan Kerja Dalam Memediasi Kompensasi dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad , Halim Didin , Suharja Asep
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah: 1) kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja, 2) gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja, 3) kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, 4) gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, 5) kepuasan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, 6) kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja, 7) gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Barru. Data diperoleh dengan membagikan kuesioner terkait kompensasi, gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kepuasan kerja serta kinerja kepada 45 responden pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Barru. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja, 2) gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja, 3) kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, 4) gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, 5) kepuasan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, 6) kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja, 7) gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang.
PENGARUH JENIS DAUN DAN PELARUT TERHADAP RENDEMEN EKSTRAK SAPONIN DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA LINN.)
Authors: Fithriyani Dina
Published: August 2021

Food safety issues can not be separated from the microbial pathogens that can cause health problems and food spoilage. Their presence in food product should be prevented and controlled. One of the efforts to improve food safety is the utilization of antimicrobial compounds, that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes and food spoilage microorganism like Saponin. Saponins are triterpenic or steroidal glycosides which have many biological properties, and largely distributed in papaya leaves abundantly grown in Indonesia. This research aimed to compare the extraction procedure of saponin from papaya leaves by the difference of papaya leaves (young and old) and solvent (methanol, ethanol) that be used. The results showed that extraction by etanol provided higher yields (5.7 %) than by metanol (3.2 %). The yields of saponin-rich-extract from young and old leaves were not significantly different. Keywords: saponin, extract, ethanol, methanol, papaya leaves
PEMANFAATAN PATI GANYONG SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TAPIOKA PADA PEMBUATAN PEMPEK IKAN GABUS (Channa striata)
Authors: Muchsiri Mukhtarudin , Sylviana Sylviana , Martensyah Rendi
Published: August 2021

Umbi ganyong merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang dapat diolah menjadi tepung pati ganyong dan berpotensi sebagai substitusi tepung tapioka dalam pembuatan pempek ikan gabus karena memiliki karakteristik yang hampir sama. Selain itu, tepung pati ganyong  dapat dijadikan bahan baku pangan fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi rasio pati ganyong yang dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi tepung tapioka , serta pengaruhnya terhadap sifat kimia, fisik dan sensori  pempek ikan gabus. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non Faktorial dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air, kadar protein, kekenyalan dan uji organoleptik. Kadar air, kadar protein dan tingkat kekenyalan tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan G5(Pati Ganyong 100% : Tapioka 0%),  dengan nilai rata-rata secara berturut –turut yaitu 59.29 %, 8.48 %, dan 410.15 gF. Kadar air,kadar protein dan tingkat kekenyalan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan G5(Pati Ganyong 100% : Tapioka 0%), dengan nilai rata-rata secara berturut–turut yaitu 51.13 %, 7.77 % dan 280.30 gF. Tingkat kesukaan terhadap aroma, rasa dan warna pempek ikan gabus dengan perbandingan tepung pati ganyong dan tapioka pada skala 1-5  mendapat skor tertinggi yang terdapat pada perlakuan G5 (Pati Ganyong 100% : Tapioka 0%),, masing-masing dengan skor 3.39, 3.38 dan 4.04. Sementara itu, skor terendah baik dari segi aroma, rasa dan warna pempek ikan gabus adalah perlakuan G5(Pati Ganyong 100% : Tapioka 0%),, masing-masing dengan skor 2.78, 2.52 dan 2.96.
APLIKASI BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) SEBAGAI PENGAWET CUKO PEMPEK
Authors: Dasir Dasir , Yani Ade Vera , Isnaim M
Published: August 2021

Kerusakan bahan pangan dapat dicegah atau dihambat dengan  bahan pengawet baik, bahan pengawet alami maupun pengawet buatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok  non faktorial, dengan faktor  penambahan ekstrak buah mahkota dewa (D) terdiri 6 tingkatan (0, 5, 10, 15 dan 20 ml) per 500 ml dan empat kali ulangan. Pengamatan terhadap pH dan total asam dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah penyimpanan selama 25 hari. Analisis mikrobiologis dengan uji TPC (Total Plate Count) setelah penyimpanan 25 hari. Sedangkan uji organoleptik meliputi aroma dan rasa menggunakan metode uji segi tiga (triangle test) terhadap cuko pempek dilakukan setelah penyimpanan 25 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan ekstrak tepung buah mahkota dewa berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap nilai pH dan total asam cuko pempek sebelum disimpan, tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pH, total asam dan total mikroba (TPC) cuko pempek setelah dismpan 25 hari.  pH tertinggi 4,53 dan total asam terendah 0,753 % terdapat pada D5.Total mikroba terendah pada perlakuan D5 dengan nilai rata-rata 0,83 x 102 sel/g. Penambahan ekstrak tepung buah mahkota dewa berbeda tidak nyata dengan cuko pempek pembanding yaitu tanpa penambahan bahan pengawet alami.
PENGARUH BERBAGAI FORMULASI SURIMI IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG (Clarias gariepsinus) TERHADAP KADAR PROTEIN DAN TEKSTUR PEMPEK
Authors: Idealistuti Idealistuti , Suyatno Suyatno , Mutatauwi’ah Mutatauwi’ah
Published: August 2021

Salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar yang melimpah di Indonesia adalah lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus). Diversifikasi olahan ikan lele sangkuriang saat ini berkembang seiring dengan kenaikan produksinya. Ikan lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) berpotensi menjadi bahan baku surimi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai formulasi surimi ikan lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepsinus) terhadap kadar protein dan tekstur pempek yang dihasilkan, dengan metode eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara Non Faktorial dengan satu perlakuan berbagai formulasi surimi ikan lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepsinus) yang terdiri dari enam faktor dan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk uji kimia yaitu kadar protein dan uji fisik meliputi tekstur (kekenyalan) dengan uji Texture Profile Analysis (TPA). Data uji kimia dan uji fisik dihitung menggunakan analisis keragaman Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial. Hasil pengamatan kadar protein pada berkisar antara 3,69% hingga 6,27%. Hasil pengamatan tekstur (tingkat kekenyalan) pada pempek berkisar antara 275,7gf sampai 1038,7gf. Kadar protein tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan L6 (surimi ikan lele sangkuriang 1,50 bagian dan tepung tapioka 1,00 bagian) dengan nilai rata-rata 6,27% dan kadar protein terendah pada perlakuan L1 (surimi ikan lele sangkuriang 0,25 bagian dan tepung tapioka 1,00 bagian) dengan nilai rata-rata 3,69%. Tekstur (kekenyalan) pempek tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan L1 (surimi ikan lele sangkuriang 0,25 bagian dan tepung tapioka 1,00 bagian) dengan nilai rata-rata 1038,7gf dan tekstur (kekenyalan) pempek terendah pada perlakuan L6 (surimi ikan lele sangkuriang 1,50 bagian dan tepung tapioka 1,00 bagian) dengan nilai rata-rata 275,7gf.
POTENTIAL OF CARBON STORAGE IN ANGSANA PLANT (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) IN ILIR BARAT I DISTRICT, PALEMBANG CITY
Authors: Rosianty Yuli , Waluyo Efendi Agus , Himawan Muhammad Surya Ganda
Published: August 2021

This aims of the study is to determine the potential for carbon deposits and uptake in Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) tree species. This research was carried out in December 2019. To determine the potential for carbon storage, the Allometric Equation formula was used to estimate biomass stored in it. A half of the biomass is carbon content stored. The results of this study showed that the largest estimation of carbon storage in green space of Ilir Barat I District at the point of observation of GOR / PSCC with a total carbon content of 17,999 tons / ha with an individual number of 23 species of Angsana plants (Pterocarpus indicus Willd). For the District of Ilir Barat I in the City of Palembang, it is expected to increase the number of Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) plants because these plants can absorb enough carbon and have strong roots
TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF KEYNOTE SPEECH OF JOKO WIDODO AT WEF EA 2015
Authors: Mardiono Mardiono
Published: August 2021

International political speeches have played an extremely important role in political environment and take broader public attention due to their political, economy, and cultural values manifested through the language used. Systemic–Functional Grammar introduced and developed by Halliday (1967) sets out that with languages there are ideational meta-function, interpersonal meta-function, and textual meta-function. Hiring the theory of transitivity from Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, this study focuses on analysing Joko Widodo’s keynote speech. The aim is to figure out the deeper meaning of the speech through the distributions and so the dominations of the transitivity processes along with their participants. At the same time this study tries to find out the hidden information by analysing the functions of the transitivity processes and the main participants. The qualitative method is employed for the transitivity analysis while the quantitative method is taken to provide the statistic description on the distributions of the types of the process and the participants found. The analysis generates two major findings: First, there are five types of process: material, relational, verbal, mental, existential and the participants found, and no single behavioural process and its participants occurred. Among them, the material process and relational process along with their participants dominate the speech, which makes it well-delivered, more powerful, objective, and convincing. Second, the pronouns ‘we, our, and us’ are found as the main participants in Joko Widodo’s keynote speech that indicate his efforts to draw a close relation between him and his audience so his addressing has succeeded.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOGLE CLASSROOM TO TEACH ENGLISH AT SMPN 2 NGRONGGOT IN PANDEMIC ERA COVID19
Authors: Safitri Handayani Eki , Kurniawan Erwin Hari
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to know how is the implementation of Google Classroom to teach English at SMPN 2 Ngronggot in pandemic era COVID 19 . Doing learning by using Google Classroom there are many advantages and disadvantages for all of the user excatly IX students at SMPN 2 Ngronggot.This study focused on four aspect. Teacher preparation, implementation of teaching, evaluation and the last students response. The reseacher use four instruments are interview, observation, documentation and students response. For preparation the teacher use lesson plan when she teach the students, for implementation the teacher also use English when she explain the material and sometimes the teacher use Indonesian because not all of the students understand what the teacher said to them, for evaluation the teacher give conclussion for material which them and sometimes the teacher give them homework and they must sumbit in Google Classroom and for the last students response some students still difficulty to use Google Classroom because they think this is new learning.The result of this research is implementation by using Goggle Classroom can be the first method to teach online learning at SMPN 2 Ngronggot and this research also reccomended for, first the students as the students should have motivation although there are many obstacless using Google Classroom one of it is limit in access internet, the handphone is broke or did not have mobile phone but the student must try to join with their friend in order to all of the material can be known, for the teacher should give another ways in order the all of students can follow the material and for next the readers teaching by using Google Classroom can be motivate to others.
TEACHING WRITING RECOUNT TEXT BY USING SCRAPBOOK THROUGH PROJECT BASED LEARNING IN THE EIGHT GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 8 KEDIRI
Authors: Agustina Intan Yuritanti
Published: August 2021

This research was carried out to answer about the preparation, implementation, students’ response, and students’ writing in teaching writing recount text by using scrapbook through project-based learning since corona virus pandemic. The design was descriptive qualitative. The data collecting method were interview, observation, questionnaire and documentation. The result of this research showed that the preparation had been supported by the sets of equipment such as by syllabus, lesson plan, learning model, technique, material, media, and assessment. Then, the implementation was implemented in six steps. Then, the students’ responses showed in percentage 92%. It meant that the students gave the positive responses. While, the students’ written showed that all the students has completed 100% the writing task. All the students’ value above minimum criteria of mastery learning. From the result finding, it showed that teaching writing by using scrapbook through project-based learning was good to improve students’ writing ability.
AN ANALYSIS STUDENTS' WRITING OF USING GENERIC STRUCTURE OF HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT BY THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 2 KEDIRI ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020
Authors: Novitasari Ayu , Putri Kristanti Yuntoro
Published: August 2021

This research aimed 1) to know the generic structure written in the hortatory exposition text. 2) to know the quality of generic structure written in the hortatory exposition text, and 3) to know the problems are faced in using the generic structure of written hortatory exposition text. This research used the descriptive qualitative method and used students’ writing of Hortatory Exposition text to be analyzed. This research sample was 25 from 32 students of second-grade at MAN 2 Kediri, from XI-MIPA 3. Data collection was carried out by conducting writing test and interview. The data was analyzed by using contextual data which includes three procedures such as: reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. Furthermore, the researcher only used an external auditor to review the entire project's data validity. This result showed that there were five problems that are faced by students 1) developing the ideas into a paragraph, 2) translating the text into English, 3) determining the topic or title in accordance with the theme, 4) making recommendations, 5) making thesis and argumentation. The researcher suggested that the teacher should explain the materials step by step and intensively.
Effects of High-intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Hormone Growth Agents in Overweight Adolescent Boys
Authors:   Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Vakili Javad , Sari Sarraf Vahid ,   Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Khanvari Towhid ,   Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Obesity is a clinical condition that affects the growth-related hormonal system, especially in adolescents. High-Intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT) might reduce such destructive effects. Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental research, among adolescent boys [age: 13-18 years, height: 154±8 cm, Body Mass Index (BMI): 27.05±1.4 kg/m²], 30 volunteer subjects were selected. The study participants were divided into 3 groups of short-term and long-term periodic exercises as well as controls. The short-term exercise group performed 9 bouts of 30 seconds with 150-second breaks between sessions; the long-term exercise group performed 4 bouts of 150 seconds with 240-second breaks between sessions 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Body composition and blood samples were obtained 48 hours before and after conducting the training protocol to measure the desired parameters. The changes of each index were analyzed by repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the significant level of P<0.05. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University (Code: IR.TABRIZU.REC.1398.021). Results: After 8 weeks of HIIT, growth hormone increased and thigh, arm circumference, and fat percentages decreased (P<0.05). However, no changes were detected in the insulin-like growth factor I, BMI, and weight of the examined subjects (P>0.05). Conclusion: Short- and long-term HIIT have the potential to improve the growth hormone status and body composition of overweight adolescents.
The Relationship Between Electromagnetic Waves and Melatonin Hormone Levels in Golestan Province Power Substations
Authors:   Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Ranjbarian Mohammad , Etemad Korosh ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Zarei Fatemeh ,   Department of Occupatonal Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran., Farhadi Rozita ,   Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Sa´di Jalaledin ,   Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: It is almost impossible to imagine life without electromagnetic waves. Such waves play a key role in the function of melatonin and create numerous diseases. Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 230 kV substations in Golestan Province, Iran in 2016. In total, 44 workers of electrical substations (the case group) and 23 workers of healthcare centers (the control group) with 24-hour shift works were enrolled in this study. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences( Code: IR.SBMU.THNS.REC.1395.9). Results: The obtained data suggested that 100% of the electric field intensity and the magnetic flux density measured at the substations were within the permissible range of occupational exposure. The mean level of melatonin in the case group was lower than that in the control group; however, no significant difference was observed in this regard (P=0.761). Additionally, there was no significant difference between melatonin level and age (P=0.381), work experience (P=0.213), job groups (P=0.515), and employee activity area (P=0.482). Conclusion: According to this study, no significant relationship was observed between electromagnetic waves and melatonin levels. Moreover, electromagnetic waves were within the permissible exposure. Thus, electromagnetic waves did not affect the level of melatonin hormone in male employees of 230 kV substations in Golestan Province. However, there was a decrease in the case group, compared to the controls. Therefore, definite comments require further investigation.
Investigating the Anti-angiogenic Effects of Nanoemulsion Synthesized From Plant Anethum Graveolens L Essential Oil
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran., Tavakkol Afshari Haleh Sadat , Homayouni Tabrizi Masoud ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran., Ardalan Touran ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels from the old ones; it plays an important role in physiological conditions, such as growth, wound healing, and reproduction. This process also plays a vital role in pathological phenomena and the occurrence of various diseases, especially tumor growth and metastasis. The present study evaluated the anti-angiogenic effects of nanoemulsion synthesized from Anethum graveolens essential oil using the CAM method. Methods & Materials: To investigate the anti-angiogenic effects on the second day of incubation, a window was opened on the eggs. Subsequently, on the eighth day, a gelatin sponge with nanoemulsion with different doses (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL) was inserted on the chorioallantoic membrane. On the 12th day of incubation, a research stereomicroscope was used to evaluate the rate of angiogenesis and imaging of the treated area. Vascular factors were examined by Image J software. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.MSHD.REC.1398.027). Results: The obtained results concerning the effect of nanoemulsion on the rate of angiogenesis in the CAM test indicated a decrease in the length and number of vessels of the chorioallantoic membrane in the treated samples, compared to the controls. Moreover, there was a reduction in the height and weight of treated fetuses, compared to the untreated fetuses (P<0.05). Conclusion: The anti-angiogenic activity of nanoemulsion synthesized from Anethum graveolens essential oil indicated the possible use of this substance for diseases, like cancer, in which the formation of blood vessels is inhibited. Therefore, Anethum graveolens nanoemulsion can be suggested as an agent for further cancer studies.
The Fibroblast of the Relationship Between FGFR2 Gene Rs2981582 Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran., Hamta‌ Ahmad , Adl Sahar ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-induced deaths in women, worldwide. The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays an essential role in the growth, invasion, movement, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in the intron 2 of the FGFR2 gene, i.e., associated with a high risk of breast cancer. Genetic variation in this receptor is a new risk factor for breast cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2981582C/T in women with breast cancer. Methods & Materials: In total, 80 women with breast cancer and 80 healthy women (controls) were selected from Markazi Province, Iran to participate in this research. Polymorphism rs2981582 was analyzed to investigate its association with breast cancer. DNA extraction from blood samples was performed using a kit. The presence of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR - RFLP). Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS using Chi-squared test at P≤0.05. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Arak University (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.28). Results: Significant differences were observed in the frequency of rs2981582 polymorphism in the FGFR2 gene between the control and patient groups (P=0.000). In the patient group, the TT genotype was significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer (P=0.001; OR=3.566). On the other hand, allele C indicated a protective role against the disease (P=0.000). Conclusion: The obtained data revealed a significant relationship between rs2981582 C/T polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer; thus, this single-nucleotide polymorphism could be used as a biomarker to predict breast cancer.
The Effects of Holographic Reprocessing Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility and Posttraumatic Growth in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Aghajani Seifollah , Khoshsorour Sahar ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Taghizadeh Hir Sara ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in women with extensive associated biopsychological problems. The present study aimed to determine the effects of holographic reprocessing therapy on cognitive flexibility and posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer. Methods & Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group design. The statistical population included all patients with breast cancer who underwent a mastectomy and were treated in an oncology and chemotherapy subspecialty center in Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. By convenience sampling method, 30 women with breast cancer were selected and randomly divided into the experimental and control groups (n=15/group). The experimental group, while receiving pharmacotherapy, collectively underwent holographic reprocessing therapy in 9 one-hour sessions (two sessions per week) for 5 weeks; however, the control group received only pharmacotherapy. Both research groups were assessed in pretest and posttest phases by the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS v. 23. Ethical Considerations: All study subjects provided a signed written informed consent form. The Research Ethics Committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARUMS.REC.1399.393). Results: The current study results indicated that holographic reprocessing therapy was effective on cognitive flexibility (F=42.319, P<0.01) and posttraumatic growth (F=18.300, P<0.01) in women with breast cancer; this method also increased their cognitive flexibility and posttraumatic growth. Conclusion: Considering psychological factors and information processing methods in patients with cancer is highly important. Thus, counselors and psychotherapists are advised to use holographic reprocessing therapy as a complementary treatment without adverse effects along with medical treatments to reduce the psychosocial problems caused by the disease.