bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling Front and Back Squat Record Scores in Long-Term Training of Young Weightlifters
Authors: Szyszka Paulina , Zielińska-Stubińska Weronika , Chwaluk Agnieszka
Published: January 2023

Introduction.
Front and back squats are multi-joint exercises used in sports to develop strength, power and muscle mass. Due to their movement structure and involvement of the main muscle groups, they are training measures that are used in strength training in various sports. A long-term training process leading to sports mastery requires the correct selection of loads as well as objective control of the training effects to date, both short-term and long-term. The aim of this study was to create a statistical model and to determine with it the character of the changes in the record scores in the front and back squat of young weight-lifters over a two-year training cycle.

Material and Methods.
The study included 17 young athletes training in competitive weightlifting. Recorded scores in the front squat and back squat were measured seven times (every three months over a two-year training cycle). The progression method was used to determine the maximum load, and the repetition with the highest load (1RM) was used in the calculations.

Results.
The subjects performed better in the back squat, but the difference between the results for both squats was approximately constant over the two-year training cycle. The time courses of both squats were similar over the analysed period. Systematic increases in maximum results were observed. The first statistically non-significant differences between the mean record values in successive measurements were found between the sixth and seventh measurements for both squats.

Conclusions.
Determining the relationship between front and back squat record scores can contribute to the optimisation of training loads in sports using strength training. Obtaining an analytical form of the course of record scores over time for both squats helps to assess the skill level of athletes and predict their performance in the next training macro-cycle.
Relationships Between Physical Fitness and Wrestling – Specific Fitness in Freestyle Wrestlers
Authors: Chaliburda Ireneusz , Cieśliński Igor
Published: January 2023

Introduction.
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between the parameters of conditioning preparation and specific fitness of freestyle wrestlers.

Material and Methods.
Seventy-four subjects were selected from freestyle wrestlers. All subjects were assessed for height, weight and body mass index. Agility, dynamic strength and strength endurance were assessed using standing broad jump, push-ups, wall bar hanging leg raises, pull-ups and a zigzag run. Wrestling-specific fitness was assessed using standing gymnastic bridge with return, wrestling carousel, front kip up, while special endurance was assessed with suplex throws of the mannequin.

Results.
For initial data analysis, one-way ANOVA was used. Further data analysis was performed with multiple regression. Suplex throws of the mannequin had the biggest impact on achieving high sports results. These findings suggest that specific fitness tests which simulate sports effort are the most reliable measures.

Conclusions.
Owing to special fitness tests, training can be monitored more effectively. The movements made during a sports fight should be taken into account while preparing a given test.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic Threat on Purchase Decisions of Travel Agency Customers in Poland
Authors: Dudek Andrzej , Jaremen Daria Elżbieta , Michalska-Dudek Izabela , Walesiak Marek
Published: January 2023

Introduction.
The dynamic increase in world tourism demand was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The package holidays market is one of the tourism branches affected by the crisis the most. The study aimed at identifying the direction of changes in purchase behaviors regarding package holidays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and methods.
The research on tourists purchasing package holidays during the COVID-19 pandemic was quantitative and covered a nationwide online panel of respondents characterized by a representative distribution for the general population of Poles (n = 1502). At the data analysis stage, logit models of buyers’ behaviors were used. In the estimation process, GLM in R (R Core Team 2022) was applied.

Results.
The situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected how tourists traveled. The conducted analysis made it possible to distinguish four segments of buyers during the pandemic and to identify factors determining the choice of one of the purchase patterns. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, a significant increase in the number of tourists who needed personal contact with sellers at brick-and-mortar travel offices was observed.

Conclusions.
The study presented a meaningful contribution to understanding purchase behaviors of tourists who prefer package holidays. It is one of the few studies that compared behavior patterns of holiday package buyers in the period before and during the pandemic. The knowledge of changes in package holiday purchase behaviors is essential for travel agencies to design effective marketing strategies.
Physical-mechanical Evaluation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber Dune Sand Mortar Exposed to Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ghrieb A. , Abadou Y. , Choungara T. , Bustamante R.
Published: January 2023

The mechanical properties of mortar containing Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as Strapping Band Fibers (SBF) replacing natural sand have been studied by many researchers. These studies indicate that when SBF is used as a substitute for sand in mortar, the characteristics in both the fresh and hardened states are altered. This experiment’s purpose is to valorize local materials, which are abundant in the region of Djelfa (Algeria), in cement mortar manufacturing and to discuss the influence of these materials on the mechanical and physical characteristics of the resulting mortar at the room, and at the high temperature. This study presents the results of an experimental investigation into the effects of high temperatures on the properties of dune sand mortar made with strapping band fibers. The method for formulating the mortar mixes was based on the progressive replacement of dune sand by PET fibers, with weight contents of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. Several tests have been carried out to study the evolution of the different characteristics of mortar mixtures. The workability, bulk density, compressive and tensile strengths, and all samples were subjected to temperatures of ambient, 100 °C, 200 °C, and 400 °C. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of the recycled fibers and the preservation mode had remarkable effects on the characteristics of the mortar obtained.
Assessment of Water Loss in the Water Distribution Network of Bendjerrah Using a Combination Approach of Fixed Area Variable Area Discharge, Minimum Night Flow, and Epanet Calibrator
Authors: Dorbani Meriem , Mansouri Rachid , Balla Faiza , Kherouf Mazouz
Published: January 2023

Water losses due to leakage are a pernicious problem for water utilities. Understanding and quantifying Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and water loss components is the first step in the management of urban water losses. Hydraulic modeling is a powerful tool to predict the impacts of different management scenarios on the hydraulics of the Water Distribution Network (WDN). The water distribution network (WDN) can be divided into a number of District Meter Areas (DMAs) with suitable sizes in order to apply pressure management. In this study, the Fixed Area Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD) concept and the number of leaks were analyzed for a number of water network pressure management areas in the city of Bendjerrah – the district of Guelma, Algeria. The analysis identified some anomalies concerning the parameters of some networks; especially those related to leakage exponent N1 values greater than 1.5. The approach used in this framework is based on the estimation of the leakage from the Minimum Night Flow (MNF) and the burst frequency of Average Zonal Pressure (AZP). After the use of this approach and the calibration procedure using the Epanet-calibrator on real District Meter Areas, the obtained results are very close to the real state of the network. In addition, this paper studies the possibility of explicitly incorporating the variation of the leakage zone in the hydraulic modeling of the water distribution systems. The results show that the power equation leakage exponent N1 estimates the total system leakage with an error of up to 20%. From the Minimum Night Flow, obtained by using the South African Night Flow (SANFLOW) practical tool, it was found that the actual losses calculated for sectors 1, 2, and 3 are respectively 25%, 45%, and 30%.
Assessing Photopic and Melanopic Daylighting Performance of Special Glazing System: A Full-scale Experiments
Authors: Hraška Jozef , Hartman Peter
Published: January 2023

Comparative research on the influence of daylight and visual environment on melatonin oscillations and the performance of space users was realized in two identical rooms with different glazing at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Slovak Technical University in Bratislava. The glazing in the windows had significantly different transmittances of melanopic light. This article presents measured changes in the intensity of photopic and melanopic daylighting values inside the rooms on horizontal and differently oriented vertical plane. Photopic and melanopic illuminances were measured under cloudy and partly clear skies during several months in 2021 and 2022. The article is also partially devoted to the effect of light from a computer monitor on the spectral composition of light on the eye of a person working with a computer. The article also analyzes the problems associated with the evaluation of non-visual aspects of daylighting of the interior spaces of buildings.
Experimental Research on the Thermal Instability of Fiber Polypropylene Concrete at 250 °C
Authors: Aidoud Assia , Bencheikh Messaouda , Khaldi Nacera
Published: January 2023

The high temperature in the concrete destroys the hydrates of the cement paste. This destruction means the weakness of the materials caused by the deterioration of their mechanical properties.

This work aims to study the behavior of high-performance fiber concrete sets at high temperatures; specifically, we used polypropylene fibers and studied their influence on deterioration behavior.

This study includes high performance concrete and three types of fiber concrete, each containing a specific ratio of polypropylene fibers (0.12 %, 0.18 %, and 0.24 %). Consequently, cubic test specimens (15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm) were subjected to the temperature of 250 °C, with a speed of 2 °C/min followed by a step of one hour at the target temperature then cooling to the ambient temperature.

The results showed that fiber-reinforced concrete exhibited a better performance when exposed to the temperature studied. The mechanical properties were improved by up to 56% for compressive strength and 86% for tensile strength.
Theoretical Analysis on Reinforced Concrete Bridge from Non-linear Temperature Effect
Authors: Tomko Michal , Demjan Ivo
Published: January 2023

The paper presents a theoretical analysis that models the effects of temperature load induced on a two-pole, twobox reinforced concrete bridge. Implemented was theoretical analysis of thermodynamic effects, which was performed on a closed double-box reinforced concrete bridge structure. The modelling and analysis only considered the upper part of the load-bearing bridge structure. This type of bridge was selected to present the results of this study which analysed the worst effects of temperature acting on the bridge structure.
Deformation Properties of Stone Columns Back-calculated from Static Load Tests
Authors: Fard Houman Soleimani
Published: January 2023

The stone column is a cost-effective, sustainable, and technically sound ground improvement solution for enhancing bearing capacity, minimizing settlement, and mitigating the liquefaction potential of a wide range of soils. In this study, the main methods of stone column execution are briefly explained, design approaches are discussed, and testing procedures are elaborated on in more detail. The results of plate load tests (PLT) are numerically simulated to back-calculate stone column properties. In this research, the Hardening Soil model (HS) is selected to simulate stone columns and soil profiles. The outcomes of this modelling and the adopted calculation approach are verified by three-zone load tests (ZLT) performed on grounds reinforced by stone columns in various projects. Reasonably good matches are observed between experimental and numerical results, approving parameters back-analyzed from PLTs and the employed calculation methodology. Finally, a widely used analytical approach of the calculation of stone columns (Priebe method) is compared with the numerical and experimental results of the studied ZLTs. The comparison confirmed that the Priebe method could practically calculate the settlement of grounds treated by stone columns although settlements were slightly higher than experimentally observed values. In the end, the advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.
Severe COVID-19 infection in a pediatric case of Chron's disease on immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Baroum Alaa
Published: January 2023

Background: Globally, the prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD), an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has been rising. The occurrence has been more prevalent over the past few decades, particularly among young children in Middle Eastern nations. This case report aims to increase awareness of the typical CD presentation in children and add the possibility of IBD to the list of diagnoses for suspected cases.
Case Presentation: Our patient was identified as having CD based on the clinical, laboratory, imaging, and enteroscopy with biopsy. After that, he began treating the patient with 2 g of mesalazine taken orally once daily, and added 50 mg of azathioprine, the patient's symptoms and laboratory results improved. After taking immunosuppressive drugs for 6 months, he got a coronavirus disease 2019 infection that worsened the patient's condition.
Conclusion: By raising awareness of early CD diagnosis and beginning therapy based on histopathological reports and the results of colonoscopy and enteroscopy, complications can be avoided and thus improve patients' quality of life.
Psychoactive drugs and metabolic disorders
Authors: Bezerra Tainá Patrícia Teixeira , Fabrício Alba Inêz Celestino Rezende , Minervino Alfredo José , Santos Roberto Mendes dos
Published: January 2023

Objective: The objective of this article is to promote a literature revision and an overview of evidence of the metabolic impacts of the use of psychotropic drugs on metabolic alterations. Methods: A descriptive review, including articles in English and Portuguese, was conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, using the following keywords: body weight, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants on PubMed, and dyslipidemia, body weight , metabolic syndrome associated with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants on Google Scholar. Results: 46 articles were analyzed and 46 articles were included. The review revealed a large amount of evidence concerning body weight changes under psychotropic drugs use and the impact of antipsychotics on the main metabolic variables. However, controversies and scanty evidence regarding mood stabilizers in glycemic and dyslipidemic alterations, and especially about antidepressants in metabolic alterations, were noticed. Conclusions: It is concluded that the impact of psychotropic drugs on metabolic changes has great clinical relevance and is characterized as a challenge for modern psychopharmacology. These alterations, seen as possible side effects of such drugs, directly affect the patient's quality and life expectancy, therefore, deserving attention for success in psychiatric treatment and in the holistic health context.
أثر مظاهر الجو العليا في درجات الحرارة العظمى في السهل الرسوبي
Authors: Ismail al- Samarrai Munther Kamel , Shehab Ahmed Taha
Published: January 2023

أخلصت الدراسة بأنه لا توجد علاقة بين درجة الحرارة العظمى والدورة العرضية والتيار النفاث القطبي والاخدود ذي المحور الشمالي الغربي _ الجنوبي شرقي وكانت العلاقة سلبية مع الأخدود الشمالي الشرقي _ الجنوبي الغربي والاخدود الرأسي وأظهرت إيجابيتها مع التيار النفاث شبه المداري وجميع اتجاهات الانبعاج في محطة بغداد ، في حين أظهرت في محطة الديوانية بأنه لا توجد علاقة بين الأخدود الشمالي غربي _ جنوبي شرقي وكذلك الانبعاج جنوبي غربي _ شمالي شرقي وكذلك الانبعاج الرأسي لكنها كانت ايجابية مع التيار النفاث شبه المداري والانبعاج ذي المحور جنوبي شرقي _ شمالي غربي في حين أظهرت العلاقة سلبية مع الظواهر العليا الأخرى في حين كانت في محطة البصرة تشير بعدم وجود علاقة مع الدورة العرضية والتيار النفاث القطبي والأخاديد باستثناء الرأسي الذي تميز بعلاقة سلبية لكنها كانت ايجابية مع الانبعاجات والتيار الشبه المداري .
أوحد الزمان أبو البركات الطبيب الفيلسوف
Authors: Thalnon Saad Abd Alhaleem , Hashem Muhammad Sagur
Published: January 2023

وصلت العلوم العقلية والانسانية عند العرب والمسلمين وخصوصاً في العصر العباسي ، بسبب ما تميزت به تلك المرحلة من الانفتاح العلمي والحضاري ، ولم يكن العلم حكراً على المسلمين فقط بل شارك فيه اهل الملل الاخرى من يهود او نصارى سواءً كانوا من العرب اُو من غير العرب.
واصبحت بغداد قبله العلماء والادباء والاطباء وطلبة العلم وغيرهم من اصحاب المهن والحرف ، ويعود الفضل في ذلك الى سعي الخلفاء العباسيين ومن سار على نهجهم من الامراء والوزراء برعاية العلماء وطلبة العلم والباحثين فيه  ، وقد برزت شخصية الطبيب العراقي ابي البركات هبه الله بن ملكا اليهودي كطبيب بارع خدم الخليفة العباسي المستنجد بالله ( 518-566ه/1124-1170م)، وذاع صيته بين العامة ليس كطبيب فحسب بل كفيلسوف عظيم ، حتى عرف بأوحد زمانه وما يميز ابو البركات عن بقيه اطباء عصره انه عمل على العلاج للأمراض بالطب النفسي ونجح  في شفاء العديد من المرضى معتمدا على حيل بسيطة غير انها  قد اعطت نتائج كبيرة .
ذلك ما دعاني الى اظهار تلك الشخصية العلمية الكبيرة الذي ليس في مجال الطب فحسب بل في العلوم الاخرى فكان رفداً من روافد الحضارة العربية الاسلامية
الدولة العميقة وأثرها على السلم المجتمعي ( دراسة سوسيو سياسية في مجتمعات ثنائية السلطة )
Authors: Ahmed Salah Hassan
Published: January 2023

تمثل الدولة العميقة أو ما تٌعرف بالدولة المتجذرة كياناً متخفياً في جسم الدولة الوطنية لا يألوا جهداً أو يدّخر وسعاً في التحكم بالقرارات المصيرية التي تمس بالصميم حاضر ومستقبل الأمة ،وهذه الدولة غالباً ما تتألف من أجهزة وإدارات غير منتخبة تعمل بدأب تحت الطاولة وخلف الكواليس بعيداً عن الأنظار حتى يمكن تشبيهها بالأخطبوط الذي له اذرع متعددة تنتشر في أغلب مفاصل ومؤسسات الدولة الرسمية ولاسيما الحيوية منها على وجه الخصوص . ويعمل جنود ورجالات الدولة العميقة حثيثاً على تعزيز مصالحهم الخاصة في المقام الأول ومن ثم محاربة توجهات معارضيهم ثانياً حتى يكون باستطاعتهم من بلوغ أهدافهم بكل يسر وسهولة وبدون عراقيل تُذكر في هذا المجال ، وغالباّ ما تمتلك هذه الدولة من الوسائل ما يجعلها من إنفاذ مخططاتها وتحقيق أهدافها بسلاسة وتتمثل هذه الوسائل بالمال والسلاح.
إن هذه الدولة من حيث بعدها البنيوي تعد تنظيماً غير رسمي له مصالحه وامتداده الواسعة والعريضة في الداخل والخارج على حد سواء، وله عدة أقنعة واًوجه منها ما هو خفيّ ومستتر ومنها ما هو معلن وصريح ، يأخذ على عاتقه تحريك الجهات والأطراف المحسوبة عليه في مؤسسات الدولة الوطنية لتنفيذ المخططات المرسومة له ، ولا يتردد أنصار هذه الدولة  وأتباعها من اللجوء الى العنف ضد خصومهم إذا اقتضت الضرورة لذلك ،  الأمر الذي يهدد السلم المجتمعي ويجعله على شفير الهاوية . إن ضرب الأمن والاستقرار وتفتيت النسيج الوطني تعد من أولويات أهداف هذه الدولة التي تحاول بكل ما تستطيع من أن تعمل على تحويل الأمة الى كيانات ضعيفة هزيلة ليست لها القدرة على المقاومة ضد الاخطار المحدقة بها
Pronunciation of English Stress by Iraqi Arabic and Kurdish EFL Learners
Authors: Ali Hasan Shaban , Abdalla Jihan Kareem
Published: January 2023

Stress is one of the main linguistic aspects that deals with greater effort on a syllable or syllables in a word and making them more prominent than other unstressed syllables. This phonetic and phonological feature is probably present in most languages of the world. The present study presents lexical stress patterns influence on Iraqi Arabic and Kurdish EFL learners’ pronunciation. The study aims at investigating two different language groups of EFL learners’ accuracy scores and errors in the production of English stress and also  investigating the effect of first language on their pronunciation of English words concerning Iraqi Arabic and Kurdish EFL learners. The current study hypothesizes the following for the aims to be achieved: there is no difference in the performance of the two language groups in the production of English lexical stress; the presence of high efficiency in the correct assignment of lexical stress on two syllable words and little one in pronouncing three syllable words for all language groups. Lastly, the validity of the data is analyzed acoustically by using Praat software program to verify the auditory analysis and to make certain that stress assignment is precise. One of the main conclusions arrived at, in the present study, is that the performance of the different language groups is better when they produce two-syllable words whereas they reflect poor performance much errors in three-syllable words.
Stand-Alone Conditional Cash Transfer in Regards to Reducing Stunting in Indonesia: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors:   Department of Public Policy and Management, Graduate School of Leadership and Policy Innovation, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Hadna Agus Heruanto , . Zulaela ,   Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Ardiansyah Jevri ,   Department of Public Policy and Management, Graduate School of Leadership and Policy Innovation, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Habib Fadlan ,   Department of Public Policy and Management, Graduate School of Leadership and Policy Innovation, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the connection between conditional cash transfers (CCTs) and stunting and identify the factors contributing to stunting among Indonesia’s poor. The analysis relies on the data collected in 2007 and 2009. Infants aged 0–36 months from families receiving CCTs were compared with a control group using the randomized controlled trial (RCT) method. These infants from poor households, who were stunted, and were not exclusively breastfed, were selected randomly. The data were analyzed using logistic regression with the STATA program (v.13). The research findings show that CCTs alone can not impact the prevalence of stunting. In order to optimize the effectiveness of the CCT scheme, factors related to the mother’s age at childbirth, education, employment, the sex of the household head, and the geographic condition should be taken into account. This research would reinforce the need for CCT programs linked closely in design with effective social behavior change programs. The study recommends further research examining how CCT would impact stunting among groups in low-income families.
Poetic Thanatology of the Novel by E.M. Remarque "Life on Loan or Heaven Knows no Favorites"
Authors: Pokhalenkov Oleg Evgen'evich , Nikulicheva Sof'ya Evgen'evna
Published: January 2023

The presented work examines the thanatological motifs in the work of the German writer E.M. Remarque. The influence of historical events is assumed not only on the plot and ideological levels of the novel, but also on the figurative. The hypothesis about the tendency in the work of E.M. Remarque to the widespread use of images traditionally associated with death is put forward and proved. The aim of the work is to prove the author's special understanding of the theme of death and its realization in the novel by E.M. Remarque "Life on loan or Heaven knows no favorites". The object of the study is a special Remark's representation of the category of death and its place in the literature of the "lost generation". The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the authors present a new interpretation of the title of the novel in connection with the original belonging of the characters to the afterlife. The main content of the study is the analysis of the poetical levels of the novel; motives, mythologems and images of death are analyzed at the ideological-thematic, plot, character, space-time and genre levels; citation examples are given for various connotations of death for each character of the novel by E.M. Remarque "Life on loan or Heaven knows no favorites". Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of semantic substitution of the real definition of the concept of life for an antonymic one. In conclusion, the role of death at the compositional level of the work is revealed.
The works of artists of the Palekh lacquer miniature craft in the field of design of theatrical productions of the 1930s - 1970s (Palekh and Theater)
Authors: Lavrov Dmitrii Evgen'evich
Published: January 2023

The subject of the proposed research is a historical analysis of the works of the masters of the Palekh craft of the 1930s - 1970s in the field of design of theatrical productions – a little-studied phenomenon of Russian folk culture of the twentieth century. The author of the article draws the most illustrative examples, referring to the sketches created by Palekh artists for productions of the Soviet theater. Special attention in the study is paid to the largest figures of the craft who worked in the field of theatrical design: I. I. Golikov, P. D. Bazhenov, N. M. Parilov, A. A. Kotukhina. The purpose of the article is to show the importance of the creative contribution of the Palekh masters to the development of theatrical and decorative art of the Soviet era on the extensive material of numerous productions of major theaters in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities.   Using the method of comparative analysis, as well as historical-systemic and iconographic research methods, the author emphasizes the importance of knowledge about the works of Palekh artists in the field of theatrical productions for a correct understanding of the general history of Palekh craft in the twentieth century. The scientific novelty of the research consists in an attempt to analyze the topic under consideration as a single complex phenomenon. The main conclusion of the article is the thesis about the inseparable connection of Paleshan's "theatrical" works with lacquer miniature: the theatrical design works of Palekh masters appear at the same time with their experiments with lacquer miniature; the largest Palekh miniaturists worked with theaters; during the entire Soviet period, Paleshan's experience in theatrical and decorative art was in demand as much as and their lacquer miniature.
Augmented reality technology as a way to overcome cyber escapism
Authors: Kerouac Anastasiya Viktorovna
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the problem of cyber escapism and the dangers posed by escaping from reality into virtual space. While the desire for escapism in itself does not pose a significant danger to the escapist, specific ways of escaping to the "otherworld" can cause harm. The Internet allows you to find the fastest and most cost-effective way of such escape, but it can also cause the loss of one's own identity and the loss of the user's connection with reality. The formulation of the problem is based on the work of the culturologist E. N. Shapinskaya, who drew attention to the negative consequences of escapist experience in the cyber environment. The problem is especially relevant nowadays, given the almost ubiquitous transition of social and professional life to "online". The author comes to the conclusion that as a solution to the problem, it is possible to consider the use of augmented reality technology, in which a person does not completely immerse himself in the virtual world, but integrates virtual images into the environment. Thus, the space is transformed and satisfies the need for "escape", a change of environment and activity. However, reality is not replaced by an artificial one, which avoids the problems associated with excessive use of cyberspace. Studies in which augmented reality would act as a method of solving the problem of cyber escapism have not been conducted before.
Comprehensive source studies in the service of historians and local historians: new information about the estates of the Southern coast of the Crimea in the XIX – early XX century. and their owners (by the example of studying the area of Magarach).
Authors: Karagodin Andrey Vasil'evich , Bulavintseva Evgeniya Viktorovna
Published: January 2023

The subject of the study is the history of the cultural landscape of the Southern coast of the Crimea of the XIX - beginning. XX century. and new methods of its study. This topic has been on the periphery of Russian historiography for a long time, but in recent years it has attracted the attention of both professional historians and local historians. Their joint efforts are aimed at localizing former estates and resorts, establishing the names of their owners and guests, reconstructing the visual appearance of cities and towns, studying the history of everyday life, identifying socio-economic, socio-cultural factors that influenced the course of the resort development of the YBK in the "imperial" era. This should serve to establish a more fair idea of the value of historical and cultural monuments, often "invisible" among modern buildings, to spread historical knowledge, to educate residents of the Crimea and its guests. The novelty of the undertaken research lies in its historiographical and methodological perspective. The review of the authors' actual achievements in the reconstruction of the history of the cultural landscape of the Southern Coast of Crimea, in particular, the Magarach locality (starting from the turn of the 1830s, when a colony of enlightened noble winemakers was established there by decree of M.S.Vorontsov, and up to 1920), is accompanied by an analysis of the source and methodological arsenal, which made it possible to achieve success in liquidation "white spots". These are, first of all, methods of complex source studies that significantly increase the informational impact of sources of various types (written, visual, material) and types, as well as the armament with modern methods of historical research – digital cartography, work with GIS systems, databases of digitized visual data.
Congenital ocular cyst with microphthalmia – A case report
Authors: Yadav Renu , Ranga Anju , Mittal Mahesh Kumar , Sinha Mukul
Published: January 2023

Congenital microphthalmia with intraorbital cyst is rare. Colobomatous cyst stems from defect in closure of embryonic fissure at the time of invagination of optic vesicle, leading to protrusion of neuroectodermal lined cystic mass from the defect in the wall of microphthalmic eye. Clinical presentation usually comprises progressively enlarging orbital cyst with microphthalmia. Enlargement of orbital cyst is attributable to continuous secretions from its wall. Imaging assessment evaluates lesion and its internal characteristics, organ of origin, and associated anomalies. Differentials include microphthalmia with cystic teratoma and meningoencephalocele. Management strategy comprises removal of cystic lesion or aspiration, followed by sclerotherapy with bleomycin injection and ocular expander to maintain orbital volume for prosthesis.
Torsed gangrenous Meckel’s diverticulum presenting as acute abdomen
Authors: Wadhwa Yamini , Sureka Binit , Sinha Arvind , Elhence Poonam Abhay
Published: January 2023

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most commonly encountered congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. It usually arises from the antimesenteric border of the ileum. We report an unusual imaging finding of complicated Meckel’s and atypical imaging appearance of intussusception in which telescoping of segments is not evident on imaging.
Left ventricular false tendons: Unseen or overlooked?
Authors: Goyal Himanshu , Sharma Alok Kumar , Katti Madhusudhan , Rajagopal Rengarajan
Published: January 2023

Left ventricular false tendons are cord like fibromuscular bands seen commonly in the left ventricle and attach septum to free wall. Described as early as in late 1800s, their functional significance is still not well established. We present the imaging findings in a 13-year-old boy who presented with failure to thrive. Echocardiography and cardiac CT showed the presence of aortic valve thickening, sub-aortic membrane, and patent ductus arteriosus with the left ventricular false tendon.
Hemorrhagic infarction of bilateral lateral geniculate bodies – unusual complication of pancreatitis
Authors: Meena Shashi , Mittal Mahesh Kumar , Yadav Renu , Ranga Anju , Sinha Mukul
Published: January 2023

We report a case of 10-year-male child diagnosed as acute pancreatitis with deranged liver and renal functions, who presented with sudden onset bilateral painless vision loss 2 days after initial diagnosis. Neuroophthalmological examination including deep tendon reflex, plantar reflex, visual acuity, pupillary reflexes, and fundus was performed. Magnetic resonance imaging brain demonstrated features of hemorrhagic infarction involving bilateral lateral geniculate bodies (LGBs) and posterior end of optic tracts. Two major causes of bilateral LGBs lesions include vascular ischemia and osmotic demyelination. Possible mechanism of involvement of bilateral LGBs in present case is coagulopathy in the settings of acute pancreatitis attributed to pro-thrombotic state leading to microvascular occlusions.
Arterioportal fistula with hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: A rare complication of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage
Authors: Bhardwaj Vritika , Verma Ashish , Singh Pramod Kumar , Kumar Ishan
Published: January 2023

We describe a rare complication of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in a 51-year-old female with recurrent hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The patient presented with blood-mixed pericatheter leak of bile, 1 month after placement of a 10F ring biliary internal-external drainage catheter through the left-sided biliary radical. Color Doppler and triphasic computed tomography angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm arising from segment 3 branch of the left hepatic artery and an arterioportal fistula immediately distal to the pseudoaneurysm. Endovascular coil embolization of the hepatic artery proximal to the pseudoaneurysm was done which resulted in occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm and fistula as well as clinical improvement in the symptoms.
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of five phospholipid classes in various matrices
Authors: Mazzella Nicolas , Moreira Aurélie , Eon Mélissa , Médina Arthur , Millan-Navarro Débora , Creusot Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, can be used to separate and determine various polar lipid classes. The development of an HILIC chromatographic separation of several molecular species among five phospholipid classes (PC, PE, PG, PI and PS) is reported here. In this method, a gradient with acetonitrile and 40 mM ammonium acetate buffer was employed. The initial composition was 95 % of acetonitrile, then this proportion was decreased to 70 % in order to elute all the compounds of interest for a total running time of 11 mins. Furthermore, mobile phase pH can affect the ionizable character of the compounds, according to their pKa values, and also the stationary phase charge state. The influence of such a parameter on both retention times and resolution was evaluated. Besides, the response of different kinds of internal standards (post-extraction standard addition) was evaluated in four different biological matrices, two microalgae extracts and two marine fish extracts. This study found that the recovery rates were between 70-140 % of the expected value, with relative standard deviations between 10 and 35 %, and then limited matrix effects.
Reversible Networks made of Star Polymers: Mean Field Treatment with Consideration of Finite Loops
Authors: Kumar Kiran Suresh , Lang Michael
Published: January 2023

Abstract We develop a theoretical approximation for the micro-structure and the properties of reversible networks made of star polymers based upon a set of suitable balance equations. Our model is tested by Monte-Carlo simulations of model systems with a controlled formation of cyclic structures. If only pending loops are considered, both irreversible and reversible networks develop a unique critical concentration $c_{\text{crit}}$ for gelation in the limit of high functionality $f\rightarrow\infty$ of the star polymers. Intra-molecular reactions are preferred in reversible networks as compared to irreversible systems at the same concentration and fraction of bound reactive groups. Odd-even effects develop at small f once pending loops are possible and these regard the critical concentration, network properties like weight fraction of gel, weight fraction of the elastically active material, and modulus. A precise consideration of loops involving $g\ge2$ junctions requires consideration of correlations between connected pairs of stars.
An update on wealth mobility
Authors: Carroll Daniel R. , Cohen-Kristiansen Ross A.
Published: January 2023

We measure wealth mobility in the United States. Using the latest wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we update Carroll and Hoffman (2017), who document a decreasing trend in wealth mobility over the past 30 years. We confirm another of their findings that large upward movements in wealth are associated with families’ owning businesses and real estate other than a primary residence. Finally, we turn to the much larger Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) data and document that these “large mover” households are evident even over three-year periods.
Fe3O4-SiO2-Alginate Photocatalyst for Textile Dyes Waste Degradation
Authors: Wardhani Sri , Mardiansyah Herdian Akbar , Purwonugroho Danar
Published: January 2023

Fe3O4 is a photocatalyst that is used to degrade textile dye waste which can be collected and reused. Fe3O4 was prepared by coprecipitation method, then impregnated with SiO2 and sodium alginate. The purposes of this study were to investigate the degradation of textile dye waste using a Fe3O4-SiO2-alginate photocatalyst, to examine the light and dark test of photocatalyst under the influence of concentration and irradiation time. The type of light used was a 14.5-watt Philips LED lamp with a wavelength of 400-640 nm. Photocatalyst characterizations were conducted using FTIR, UV-Vis DRS, and XRD. The light and dark test of photocatalyst was carried out by photodegradation of textile dye waste with 0.5 g of photocatalyst with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% and irradiation times were varied for 60, 90, 120 min. The degradation results were measured by calculating the COD value. The results of characterization by FTIR showed that the photocatalyst Fe3O4-SiO2-Alginate had absorption at wavelengths of 637.56 cm−1 and 3365.86 cm−1 which indicated the Fe-O-Si functional group and O-H stretching vibration. Results of UV-Vis DRS were analyzed using Origin Pro 2022 and revealed that the band energy gap for Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-SiO2 were 2.20 eV and 1.77 eV, respectively. The XRD results analysis with Match!3 software showed that for Fe3O4 had magnetite phases, while SiO2 had amorphous cristobalite phases. The 15% (w/v) Fe3O4 concentration in the form of powder and granules degraded batik liquid waste by 79.6% and 84.48%, respectively.
Phytochemical, Metabolite Compound, and Antioxidant Activity of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf Extract from Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Nurlaili , Mustika Arifa , Khotib Junaidi , Muti’ah Roihatul , Rochmanti Maftuchah
Published: January 2023

The antioxidant properties from medicinal plants have protective effects against oxidative stress-linked diseases. Their antioxidantcapacities are related to phenolic compounds, including phenols and flavonoids.Clinacanthus nutans, a native to Asia, includingMalaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia, are used for treating diabetes and other diseases, but the exploration of the plant in Indonesia isstill limited. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the phytochemical constituents, metabolic compounds, and antioxidant activityofC. nutansextracts. Dried leaf powder was extracted with 70% ethanol and aqueous, each extract was subjected to qualitativephytochemical screening. Subsequently, total phenolic and flavonoid content was calculated using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3colorimetric assay. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavengingmethod. Theprofilesofphenolicandflavonoidcompoundsof70%ethanolicextractwereinvestigatedbyLC-MS/MS.Phytochemicalscreening showed that the extracts contain phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and saponin. The total phenolic content of the 70% ethanolandaqueousextractwas4.14±1.9%mgGAE/gand3.89±3.2%mgGAE/g, respectively. Meanwhile, thetotalflavonoidcontentobtainedwas 0.19±1.0% mgQE/g and 0.03±0.5% mgQE/g for 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. Both extracts showed highantioxidant activity, with DPPH IC50 30.57 𝜇g/mL for 70% ethanol and 37.24 𝜇g/mL for aqueous extract. LC-MS/MS analysis of70% ethanol extract revealed 5 phenolic and 3 flavonoid compounds, where DL-glutamic monohydrate and Boesenbergin B werethe most dominant based on the percentage of area under the curve.C. nutansoriginating from Indonesia can be a good source ofnatural antioxidants because 70% ethanol and aqueous extract show high phytochemical content and antioxidant activity.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN UN PEACE OPERATIONS
Authors: Rhodes Sybil Delaine , Guerrero Gabriel
Published: January 2023

As human rights norms increased in importance in the international system, the Protection of Civilians (POC) doctrine became the center of gravity in modern Peace Operations (PO), generating new organizational and structural demands on the United Nations (UN), on other international organizations, and on countries that contribute with troops and police (T/PCC). Can POC be understood as a “graft” onto a broader human rights norm? Has POC doctrine become institutionalized? Has the POC norm “cascaded?” Finally, how can we best observe the POC “cascade” and evaluate its effects on the success of peace missions? This article attempts to answer these questions from the perspective of norm evolution or norm life cycle theory, in dialogue with existing more institutionalist and technical as well as political conversations about the successes and failures of peace missions. Our method is a medium-N study of the evolution of PO mandates and reform processes since 1945. We focus on nine missions and three key reform documents (, (the Brahimi report of 2000, the High Independent Panel Peace Operations [HIPPO] report of 2015 and the Action for Peacekeeping [A4P] Initiative of 2019) and find that POC has followed a path consistent with the “life cycle” approach of international norms. To fully determine the extent to which POC has “cascaded” as an independent norm, we argue that it is essential to pay close attention to the boundaries between the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of peace operations. In particular, actors at the operational level play the crucial role of decodifying POC for forces who implement tactics on the ground.
ANÁLISIS DE MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS APLICADOS A LA LUCHA CONTRA EL TERRORISMO Y LOS EXTREMISMOS VIOLENTOS
Authors: Penalva Lucas José
Published: January 2023

Este ensayo analiza la validez de las técnicas de dinámica de sistemas para modelizar y predecir el terrorismo y el extremismo violento. En concreto, se expone el modelo de Chamberlain como ejemplo de acierto en sus previsiones post ataques del 11 de Septiembre de 2001 y, además, se validan la adecuación a la realidad de los modelos teóricos que Faria dejó abiertos. El fracaso de la guerra de Afganistán de 2001 a 2021 pone de manifiesto la necesidad de cambiar la aproximación al problema del terrorismo y extremismo violento. La dinámica de sistemas es una herramienta que podría ser de mucha utilidad para la evaluación de las estrategias que afrontan el problema. No obstante, por muy buena que sea la herramienta, debe ser empleada adecuadamente por quienes la aplican.
Beyond Educational Reforms: A Review of Teacher Preparation in Tanzania
Authors: Mrutu Nipael , Nkota Hamis , Kova Jamila , Kibga Esther , Kajoro Peter , Hoka Aladini , Mtenzi Fredrick
Published: January 2023

Changes in the educational sector are essential, particularly for improving the quality of teaching and learning. This study, therefore, intends to explore the teacher preparation practices and how they are shaped by educational reforms. Hence, both empirical and theoretical studies were reviewed. Furthermore, this research study employed a systematic review approach on 42 articles published in a range of 15 years from 2007-2022, in order to explore teacher-preparation practices and how they are shaped by educational reforms. The paper highlights educational reforms and it illustrates those factors that shape education-reform outcomes. It portrays educators, not as individuals with the mandate to make independent choices, but rather as innovative practitioners working in a context characterised by rules and guidelines derived from within and beyond the educational arena. The study recommends that teachers’ professional learning should be strengthened in teachers’ colleges, in order to ensure that teacher educators are not only aware of innovations emerging daily, due to science and technology, but also to enable their practices to be at the same pace as those technological developments. It implies that educators, as innovative practitioners, should be made part and parcel of the process of structuring the reform program right from the inception of the reform.
İdmançı şəxsiyyətinin formalaşması prosesinə təsir edən psiixoloji amillər
Authors: Mamayeva Nailə
Published: January 2023

Qeyd olunmuş məqalədə müasir cəmiyyət üçün gərəkli olan çevik idmançının şəxsi keyfiyyətlərinin formalaşdırılmasında mühüm olan özünügerçəkləşdirmə aspekti araşdırılır. Şəxsiyyət özünügerçəkləşdirməklə mövcud olan potensial imkanlarını üzə çıxarır və praktik fəaliyyətdə ondan səmərəli istifadə edir. Deməli, təhsilin başlıca vəzifələrindən biri şəxsiyyətin özünügerçəkləşdirilməsinə nail olunmasıdır. İdmançı şəxsiyyətinin formalaşmasında diaqnostik müayinə aparmaq üsulu öz vacibliyini və aktuallığını idmanın praktik sahəsində zəruriliyini göstərir. Bunun üçün istifadə olunan praktik - diaqnostik üsullar 3 hissəyə bölünür:1) şəxsiyyətin temperamenti, 2) şəxsiyyətin fərdi xüsusiyyətləri və 3) şəxsiyyətin cəmiyyətdə ünsiyyət bacarığı. Bu psixoloji testlərin köməyi ilə şəxsiyyətə aid olan fərdi xüsiyyətlər asanlıqla yoxlanıla bilər.
Yüksək dərəcəli futbolçularda sürət keyfiyyətinin təkmilləşdirilməsində fərdi texniki hazırlığın tədqiqi
Authors: Əliyev İlqar , Qarayev Gəray , İbrahimli Arif , Quliyev Namiq , Hüseynov Ələkbər
Published: January 2023

Yüksək dərəcəli futbolçuların texniki hazırlığ səviyyəsinin sürət keyfiyyətinin təkminləşməsi ilə paralel aparılmasını araşdırmışdır. Futbolçularda texnikanın təkminləşməsi və fərdi texniki hazırlığın yüksək sürət keyfiyyəti ilə əlaqələrini təhlil etmişdir sürətin inkişafının məşq prosesində texniki hazırlıqla paralel aparılmasının inkişaf etdirici rejimdə həyata keçirilməsini tövsiyyə edir. Futbolçuların sürətli oyun epizodlarında texniki fəndlərin icrası, oyun tempinin saxlanılması və hərəkətlərin (xüsusi–topla və qeyri–xüsusi–topsuz) icra tezliyi onların funksional imkanlarından bilavasitə asılıdır. Bunun üçün isə futbolçuların texnika ifaçılığı, ustalığı bu fəndlərin icrasımexanizmi məşqin inkişafetdirici rejimində həyata keçirilir. Uyğunlaşma prosesi və onun qeyri-xüsusi hərəkətlərin tətbiqində məşqin metodundan istifadəsi elmi-tədqiqat sahəsində çox aktualdır (3, 7).
Müstəqilliyimiz dövründə ADBTİA-nın tələbələrinin asudə vaxtının təşkili yolları
Authors: Quliyev Dilqəm
Published: January 2023

Müstəqilliyimiz dövründə, dinamik ictimai inkişaf şəraitində dərs vaxtından və dərsdənkənar vaxtdan səmərəli istifadə edilməsinin əhəmiyyəti durmadan artır. Yalnız öz vaxtını düzgün bölüşdürməyi və ondan düzgün istifadə etməyi bacaran tələbə məhsuldar işləmək, daim öyrənmək, fəal ictimai iş aparmaq iqtidarında ola bilər.