bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Forest Diversity under Moso Bamboo Invasion: A Random Forest Approach
Authors: Wang Zijie , Bi Yufang , Lu Gang , Zhang Xu , Xu Xiangyang , Ning Yilin , Du Xuhua , Wang Anke
Published: February 2024

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a crucial species among the 500 varieties of bamboo found in China and plays an important role in providing ecosystem services. However, remote sensing studies on the invasion of Moso bamboo, especially its impact on forest biodiversity, are limited. Therefore, we explored the feasibility of using Sentinel-2 multispectral data and digital elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and random forest (RF) algorithms to monitor changes in forest diversity due to the spread of Moso bamboo. From October to November 2019, researchers conducted field surveys on 100 subtropical forest plots in Zhejiang Province, China. Four biodiversity indices (Margalef, Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou) were calculated from the survey data. Subsequently, after completing 100 epochs of training and testing, we developed the RF prediction model and assessed its performance using three key metrics: coefficient of determination, root mean squared error, and mean absolute error. Our results showed that the RF model has a strong predictive ability for all indices except for the Pilou index, which has an average predictive ability. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using remote sensing to monitor forest diversity changes caused by the spreading of Moso bamboo.
Linked Color Imaging of Barrett’s Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Effects on Visibility
Authors: Saito Masahiro , Koike Tomoyuki , Ohara Yuki , Ogata Yohei , Kanno Takeshi , Jin Xiaoyi , Hatta Waku , Uno Kaname , Asano Naoki , Imatani Akira , Masamune Atsushi
Published: February 2024

Since linked color imaging (LCI) has been reported to increase the color differences in Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma (BA) compared to white light imaging (WLI), a comparison of the visibility scores of various imaging techniques for BA is warranted to determine best practice standards. This study is to clarify the role of LCI, blue light imaging (BLI), and WLI in the evaluation of BA. A group of 19 endoscopists, comprised of 6 experts and 13 trainees, evaluated the visibility of WLI, BLI, and LCI images in 21 superficial BA cases. Visibility scores were compared between WLI, BLI, and LCI. Visibility scores were also evaluated for lesion morphology, background Barrett’s mucosa, and circumferential location. The visibility scores of experts and trainees were analyzed for comparison. The visibility scores of LCI and BLI were 3.83 and 3.31, respectively, compared to three points for WLI. The visibility of LCI was better than that of WLI regardless of lesion morphology, color, background Barrett’s mucosa, and circumferential location. The LCI improved visibility in BA more than the WLI for both experts and trainees. LCI improved the visibility of BA independent of lesion morphology, color, background Barrett’s mucosa, circumferential location, and the endoscopist’s experience.
Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Geladari Eleni V. , Vallianou Natalia G. , Margellou Evangelia , Kounatidis Dimitris , Sevastianos Vassilios , Alexopoulou Alexandra
Published: February 2024

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) stands as a rare genetic contributor to cholestasis, aligning itself within the spectrum of inherited intrahepatic cholestasis syndromes, such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Manifesting in infancy or early adulthood, BRIC is marked by recurrent episodes of jaundice accompanied by intense pruritus, enduring from weeks to years across the lifespan. Normal gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels are a characteristic laboratory finding. Initially considered unlikely to progress to chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, some reports suggest BRIC may evolve into a continuous and progressive form of cholestasis. Moreover, these recurrent cholestatic episodes significantly impact quality of life, and certain mutations elevate the risk of hepatobiliary malignancy. Between episodes, histological findings of centrilobular cholestasis and abnormal laboratory parameters revert to normal, potentially obviating the need for liver biopsy. This review focuses on the genetic aspects of BRIC, its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and prognosis. Additionally, it outlines triggering factors and available treatment options.
Optimized Pepper Target SNP-Seq Applied in Population Structure and Genetic Diversity Analysis of 496 Pepper (Capsicum spp.) Lines
Authors: Wang Yihao , Zhang Xiaofen , Yang Jingjing , Chen Bin , Zhang Jian , Li Wenyue , Du Heshan , Geng Sansheng
Published: February 2024

Peppers are a major vegetable crop worldwide. With the completion of additional genome assemblies, a multitude of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be utilized for population structure and genetic diversity analysis. In this study, we used target SNP-sequencing as a new high-throughput sequencing technology, screening out 425 perfect SNPs for analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure among 496 pepper lines from five pepper species in China and abroad. The perfect SNP panel exhibited commendable discriminative ability, as indicated by the average values of polymorphism information content, observed heterozygosity, minor allele frequency, and genetic diversity, which were 0.346, 0.011, 0.371, and 0.449, respectively. Based on phylogenetic, population structure, and principal component analyses, 484 C. annuum lines were divided into four subpopulations according to the shape of fruit: blocky fruit, wide-horn fruit, narrow-horn fruit, and linear fruit. These subpopulations displayed clear clustering with minimal or no overlap. Moreover, F statistic (Fst) analysis revealed considerable distinctions among these subpopulations. Additionally, we established a set of 47 core SNPs that could effectively differentiate among all pepper lines. This core SNP set could precisely classify the C. annuum lines into four distinct fruit-shape groups. The blocky and narrow-horn fruit subpopulations displayed the lowest and highest genetic diversity, respectively. This study highlights the importance of fruit shape as a crucial trait in pepper breeding. Moreover, this work indicates the immense potential of optimized target SNP technology in the addition of foreground markers of important traits to improve molecular breeding efficiency, and demonstrates its broad application prospects in the genetic analysis and variety identification of peppers.
Consore: A Powerful Federated Data Mining Tool Driving a French Research Network to Accelerate Cancer Research
Authors: Guérin Julien , Nahid Amine , Tassy Louis , Deloger Marc , Bocquet François , Thézenas Simon , Desandes Emmanuel , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Durando Xavier , Jaffré Anne , Es-Saad Ikram , Crochet Hugo , Le Morvan Marie , Lion François , Raimbourg Judith , Khay Oussama , Craynest Franck , Giro Alexia , Laizet Yec’han , Bertaut Aurélie , Joly Frederik , Livartowski Alain , Heudel Pierre
Published: February 2024

Background: Real-world data (RWD) related to the health status and care of cancer patients reflect the ongoing medical practice, and their analysis yields essential real-world evidence. Advanced information technologies are vital for their collection, qualification, and reuse in research projects. Methods: UNICANCER, the French federation of comprehensive cancer centres, has innovated a unique research network: Consore. This potent federated tool enables the analysis of data from millions of cancer patients across eleven French hospitals. Results: Currently operational within eleven French cancer centres, Consore employs natural language processing to structure the therapeutic management data of approximately 1.3 million cancer patients. These data originate from their electronic medical records, encompassing about 65 million medical records. Thanks to the structured data, which are harmonized within a common data model, and its federated search tool, Consore can create patient cohorts based on patient or tumor characteristics, and treatment modalities. This ability to derive larger cohorts is particularly attractive when studying rare cancers. Conclusions: Consore serves as a tremendous data mining instrument that propels French cancer centres into the big data era. With its federated technical architecture and unique shared data model, Consore facilitates compliance with regulations and acceleration of cancer research projects.
Does Intrauterine Exposure to Diabetes Impact Mental and Motor Skills? A Meta-Analysis of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Authors: Arabiat Diana , AL Jabery Mohammad , Whitehead Lisa
Published: February 2024

Background: Attempts to conduct meta-analyses of the association between child development and diabetes have been limited by the wide range of tools and definitions of developmental outcomes used in the literature. We aim to meta-analyze a widely used measure of child development, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, with respect to exposure to diabetes and developmental scores. Methods: PsycINFO, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Emcare, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Two independent reviewers screened, extracted, and quality-appraised the studies using JBI SUMARI software. Forest plots were created with the standardized mean difference using the random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Results: Seven studies were identified. The pooled results on psychomotor and mental development index mean scores were lower for infants born to mothers with diabetes than for the control group (Cohen’s d = −4.49, df = 7, I2 = 0%, p = 0.001 and Cohen’s d = −3.4, df = 9, I2 = 27%, p = 0.001, respectively). Effects were larger in infants born to mothers with type 1 and 2 diabetes and at age 12 months. Conclusions: Maternal diabetes should be considered as a risk factor for children’s development, mainly when born to mothers with pre-existing diabetes.
Effects of a Two-Month Exercise Training Program on Concurrent Non-Opiate Substance Use in Opioid-Dependent Patients during Substitution Treatment
Authors: Psarianos Alexandros , Chryssanthopoulos Costas , Theocharis Athanasios , Paparrigopoulos Thomas , Philippou Anastassios
Published: February 2024

Background: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a two-month exercise intervention on the concurrent non-opiate substance use (alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, and benzodiazepines) in opioid users during their medication treatment. Methods: Ninety opioid users (41 females) in methadone and buprenorphine medication treatment were randomly divided into four groups: (a) buprenorphine experimental (BEX; n = 26, aged 41.9 ± 6.1 yrs); (b) buprenorphine control (BCON; n = 25, aged 41.9 ± 5.6 yrs); (c) methadone experimental (MEX; n = 20, aged 46.7 ± 6.6 yrs); and (d) methadone control (MCON; n = 19, aged 46.1 ± 7.5 yrs). The experimental groups (BEX and MEX) followed an aerobic exercise training program on a treadmill for 20 min at 70% HRmax, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics, as well as non-opioid drug use in days and quantity per week, were assessed before and after the intervention period. Results: Following the exercise training, the weekly non-opioid substance consumption (days) decreased (p < 0.05) in both exercise groups and was lower in BEX compared to MEX, while no differences were observed (p > 0.05) between the control groups (BCON vs. MCON) or compared to their baseline levels. Similarly, the daily amount of non-opiate substance intake was reduced (p < 0.05) post-training in BEX and MEX, whereas it did not differ (p > 0.05) in BCON and MCON compared to the baseline. Conclusions: The two-month exercise intervention reduced the non-opioid drug use in both the methadone and buprenorphine substitution groups compared to the controls, suggesting that aerobic exercise training may be an effective strategy for treating patients with OUDs.
Impact of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance on the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Noncompaction—A 15-Year Experience
Authors: Ojrzyńska-Witek Natalia , Marczak Magdalena , Mazurkiewicz Łukasz , Petryka-Mazurkiewicz Joanna , Miłosz Barbara , Grzybowski Jacek , Śpiewak Mateusz
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) on the diagnosis in patients with known or suspected left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 12,811 consecutive patients who had CMR studies between 2008 and 2022 in a large tertiary center. We included patients referred for CMR because of known or suspected LVNC. The study sample consisted of 333 patients, 193 (58.0%) male, median age 39.0 (26.8–51.0) years. Among 74 patients fulfilling the echocardiographic LVNC criteria, the diagnosis was confirmed in 54 (73.0%) cases. In 259 patients with ultrasound-based suspicion of LVNC, CMR led to an LVNC diagnosis in 82 (31.7%) patients. In both groups, CMR led to a new diagnosis in 89 cases (10 (13.5%) and 79 (30.5%)). A quantity of 38 (5.4%) patients were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, 11 (1.4%) patients were diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 21 (4.1%) patients were diagnosed with unclassified cardiomyopathy. In four patients with suspected LVNC, a myocardial trabeculation was a secondary result of dilatation due to coronary heart disease. In five cases, valvular heart disease was found. Four patients were diagnosed with athlete’s heart. Other diagnoses (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, peripartum cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and ventricular septum defect) were found in six patients. CMR is a valuable tool in the evaluation of cardiac muscle and in differentiating LVNC and other cardiac diseases.
Network Sliced Distributed Learning-as-a-Service for Internet of Vehicles Applications in 6G Non-Terrestrial Network Scenarios
Authors: Naseh David , Shinde Swapnil Sadashiv , Tarchi Daniele
Published: February 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of next-generation 6G systems, the integration of AI functions to orchestrate network resources and meet stringent user requirements is a key focus. Distributed Learning (DL), a promising set of techniques that shape the future of 6G communication systems, plays a pivotal role. Vehicular applications, representing various services, are likely to benefit significantly from the advances of 6G technologies, enabling dynamic management infused with inherent intelligence. However, the deployment of various DL methods in traditional vehicular settings with specific demands and resource constraints poses challenges. The emergence of distributed computing and communication resources, such as the edge-cloud continuum and integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (T/NTN), provides a solution. Efficiently harnessing these resources and simultaneously implementing diverse DL methods becomes crucial, and Network Slicing (NS) emerges as a valuable tool. This study delves into the analysis of DL methods suitable for vehicular environments alongside NS. Subsequently, we present a framework to facilitate DL-as-a-Service (DLaaS) on a distributed networking platform, empowering the proactive deployment of DL algorithms. This approach allows for the effective management of heterogeneous services with varying requirements. The proposed framework is exemplified through a detailed case study in a vehicular integrated T/NTN with diverse service demands from specific regions. Performance analysis highlights the advantages of the DLaaS approach, focusing on flexibility, performance enhancement, added intelligence, and increased user satisfaction in the considered T/NTN vehicular scenario.
Financial Anti-Fraud Based on Dual-Channel Graph Attention Network
Authors: Wei Sizheng , Lee Suan
Published: February 2024

This article addresses the pervasive issue of fraud in financial transactions by introducing the Graph Attention Network (GAN) into graph neural networks. The article integrates Node Attention Networks and Semantic Attention Networks to construct a Dual-Head Attention Network module, enabling a comprehensive analysis of complex relationships in user transaction data. This approach adeptly handles non-linear features and intricate data interaction relationships. The article incorporates a Gradient-Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) to enhance fraud identification to create the GBDT–Dual-channel Graph Attention Network (GBDT-DGAN). In a bid to ensure user privacy, this article introduces blockchain technology, culminating in the development of a financial anti-fraud model that fuses blockchain with the GBDT-DGAN algorithm. Experimental verification demonstrates the model’s accuracy, reaching 93.82%, a notable improvement of at least 5.76% compared to baseline algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks. The recall and F1 values stand at 89.5% and 81.66%, respectively. Additionally, the model exhibits superior network data transmission security, maintaining a packet loss rate below 7%. Consequently, the proposed model significantly outperforms traditional approaches in financial fraud detection accuracy and ensures excellent network data transmission security, offering an efficient and secure solution for fraud detection in the financial domain.
Use of DFT Calculations as a Tool for Designing New Solvatochromic Probes for Biological Applications
Authors: Dupureur Cynthia M.
Published: February 2024

The intramolecular charge transfer behavior of push–pull dyes is the origin of their sensitivity to environment. Such compounds are of interest as probes for bioimaging and as biosensors to monitor cellular dynamics and molecular interactions. Those that are solvatochromic are of particular interest in studies of lipid dynamics and heterogeneity. The development of new solvatochromic probes has been driven largely by the need to tune desirable properties such as solubility, emission wavelength, or the targeting of a particular cellular structure. DFT calculations are often used to characterize these dyes. However, if a correlation between computed (dipole moment) and experimentally measured solvatochromic behavior can be established, they can also be used as a design tool that is accessible to students. Here, we examine this correlation and include case studies of the effects of probe modifications and conformation on dipole moments within families of solvatochromic probes. Indeed, the ground state dipole moment, an easily computed parameter, is correlated with experimental solvatochromic behavior and can be used in the design of new environment-sensitive probes before committing resources to synthesis.
Four-Step Synthesis of 3-Allyl-2-(allyloxy)-5-bromoaniline from 2-Allylphenol
Authors: Aparicio Enrique B. , Isbel Stephen R. , Bugarin Alejandro
Published: February 2024

This communication reports a four-step protocol to produce 3-allyl-2-(allyloxy)-5-bromoaniline 5 from commercially available 2-allylphenol. The synthetic steps used were nitration, selective bromination, allylation, and reduction of the nitro group.
Effects of Thermal Exposure on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ti–48Al–3Nb–1.5Ta Alloy via Powder Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Zuo Zhenbo , Hu Rui , Wang Qingxiang , Gao Zitong , Luo Xian , Lai Yunjin , Xue Sa , Xiang Min , Zhao Xiaohao , Li Shaoqiang
Published: February 2024

Research on how thermal exposure affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti–48Al–3Nb–1.5Ta (at. %) alloy, which is prepared via powder hot isostatic pressing (P–HIP), is essential since this low-density alloy shows promise for use in high-temperature applications, particularly for aero-engines, which require long-term stable service. In this study, a P–HIP Ti–48Al–3Nb–1.5Ta (at. %) alloy was exposed to high temperatures for long durations. The phase, microstructure and mechanical properties of the P–HIP Ti–48Al–3Nb–1.5Ta alloy after thermal exposure under different conditions were analyzed using XRD, SEM, EBSD, EPMA, TEM, nanomechanical testing and tensile testing. The surface scale is composed of oxides and nitrides, primarily Al2O3, TiO2, and TiN, among which Al2O3 is preferentially generated and then covered by rapidly growing TiO2 as the thermal exposure duration increases. The nitrides appear later than the oxides and exist between the oxides and the substrate. With increasing exposure temperature and duration, the surface scale becomes more continuous, TiO2 particles grow larger, and the oxide layer thickens or even falls off. The addition of Ta and Nb can improve the oxidation resistance because Ta5+ and Nb5+ replace Ti4+ in the rutile lattice and weaken O diffusion. Compared with the P–HIP Ti–48Al–3Nb–1.5Ta alloy, after thermal exposure, the grain size does not increase significantly, and the γ phase increases slightly (by less than 3%) with the decomposition of the α2 phase. With increasing thermal exposure duration, the γ phase exhibits discontinuous coarsening (DC). Compared with the P–HIP Ti–48Al–3Nb–1.5Ta alloy, the hardness increases by about 2 GPa, the tensile strength increases by more than 50 MPa, and the fracture strain decreases by about 0.1% after thermal exposure. When the depth extends from the edge of the thermally exposed specimens, the hardness decreases overall.
Development MPC for the Grinding Process in SAG Mills Using DEM Investigations on Liner Wear
Authors: Beloglazov Ilia , Plaschinsky Vyacheslav
Published: February 2024

The rapidly developing mining industry poses the urgent problem of increasing the energy efficiency of the operation of basic equipment, such as semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mills. For this purpose, a large number of studies have been carried out on the establishment of optimal operating parameters of the mill, the development of the design of lifters, the rational selection of their materials, etc. However, the dependence of operating parameters on the properties of the ore, the design of the linings and the wear of lifters has not been sufficiently studied. This work analyzes the process of grinding rock in SAG mill and the wear of lifters. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to simulate the grinding of apatite-nepheline ore in a mill using different types of linings and determining the process parameters. It was found that the liners operating in cascade mode were subjected to impact-abrasive wear, while the liners with the cascade mode of operation were subjected predominantly to abrasive wear. At the same time, the results showed an average 40–50% reduction in linear wear. On the basis of modelling results, the service life of lifters was calculated. It is concluded that the Archard model makes it possible to reproduce with sufficient accuracy the wear processes occurring in the mills, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the specified materials. The control system design for the grinding process for SAG mills with the use of modern variable frequency drives (VFD) was developed. With the use of the proposed approach, the model predictive control (MPC) was developed to provide recommendations for controlling the optimum speed of the mill drum rotation.
Forming Control via Interval Width in Directed Energy Deposition-Arc Process
Authors: Wang Qingyuan , Wang Zhen , Xie Yuhang , Huang Jiankang , Yu Xiaoquan , Yu Shurong , Fan Ding
Published: February 2024

A novel controller, employing a variable-structure single-neuron adaptive PSD (proportional integral derivative) approach, was proposed for regulating the deposition width variation in the Directed Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) layer. During experimental trials, the deposition speed was chosen as the manipulated variable, while the width of the deposition layer served as the measured parameter. To facilitate controller design, a vision sensor was custom-designed to accurately detect the width of the deposition layer. The captured image of the deposition layer’s dimensions enabled the precise determination of the deposited thickness, forming the basis for subsequent controller development. In performance assessments, deliberate interference was intentionally introduced into the deposition current, deposition layer height, and the targeted deposition layer width. The assessment involved the controlled deposition of ten-layer components, focusing on width regulation for each deposition layer. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller significantly enhances the deposition process stability, particularly within a range of desired deposition widths from 7.5 mm to 8.3 mm.
The Influence of Centerline Segregation on Impact Toughness in Welding Heat-Affected Zone of X70 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Guo Fujian , Zhang Han , Liu Wenle , Wang Xuelin , Shang Chengjia
Published: February 2024

The influence of centerline segregation on the low-temperature impact toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welded joints was studied by welding experiments on X70 steel plates rolled from continuous casting slabs with segregation grades of class 2 and class 3. The experimental results show that the impact toughness at HAZ from class 2 slab steel plate is more stable and has excellent low-temperature toughness than that of class 3 slab steel plate. The impact toughness of the HAZ of the class 3 slab steel plate is low to 100 J at −40 °C and has a severe fluctuation range (~150 J), and the delamination phenomenon is also observed in the fracture cross-section. The reason for this phenomenon is due to the enrichment of C and Mn elements in the centerline segregation zone. The formation of abnormal microstructure (martensite/bainite) in the segregation zone leads to stress concentration, which easily weakens the low-temperature toughness of the joint.
Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings
Authors: Dubery Ian A. , Nephali Lerato P. , Tugizimana Fidele , Steenkamp Paul A.
Published: February 2024

Specialized metabolites are produced via discrete metabolic pathways. These small molecules play significant roles in plant growth and development, as well as defense against environmental stresses. These include damping off or seedling blight at a post-emergence stage. Targeted metabolomics was followed to gain insights into metabolome changes characteristic of different developmental stages of sorghum seedlings. Metabolites were extracted from leaves at seven time points post-germination and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with chemometric tools, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis, were applied for data exploration and to reduce data dimensionality as well as for the selection of potential discriminant biomarkers. Changes in metabolome patterns of the seedlings were analyzed in the early, middle, and late stages of growth (7, 14, and 29 days post-germination). The metabolite classes were amino acids, organic acids, lipids, cyanogenic glycosides, hormones, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and flavonoids, with the latter representing the largest class of metabolites. In general, the metabolite content showed an increase with the progression of the plant growth stages. Most of the differential metabolites were derived from tryptophan and phenylalanine, which contribute to innate immune defenses as well as growth. Quantitative analysis identified a correlation of apigenin flavone derivatives with growth stage. Data-driven investigations of these metabolomes provided new insights into the developmental dynamics that occur in seedlings to limit post-germination mortality.
Resurrection Plants—A Valuable Source of Natural Bioactive Compounds: From Word-of-Mouth to Scientifically Proven Sustainable Use
Authors: Djilianov Dimitar , Moyankova Daniela , Mladenov Petko , Topouzova-Hristova Tanya , Kostadinova Aneliya , Staneva Galya , Zasheva Diana , Berkov Strahil , Simova-Stoilova Lyudmila
Published: February 2024

Resurrection plant species are a group of higher plants whose vegetative tissues are able to withstand long periods of almost full desiccation and recover quickly upon rewatering. Apart from being a model system for studying desiccation tolerance, resurrection plant species appear to be a valuable source of metabolites, with various areas of application. A significant number of papers have been published in recent years with respect to the extraction and application of bioactive compounds from higher resurrection plant species in various test systems. Promising results have been obtained with respect to antioxidative and antiaging effects in various test systems, particularly regarding valuable anticancer effects in human cell lines. Here, we review the latest advances in the field and propose potential mechanisms of action of myconoside—a predominant secondary compound in the European members of the Gesneriaceae family. In addition, we shed light on the possibilities for the sustainable use of natural products derived from resurrection plants.
RC-Effects on the Oxide of SOI MOSFET under Off-State TDDB Degradation: RF Characterization and Modeling
Authors: Otero-Carrascal Alan , Chaparro-Ortiz Dora , Srinivasan Purushothaman , Huerta Oscar , Gutiérrez-Domínguez Edmundo , Torres-Torres Reydezel
Published: February 2024

Based on S-parameter measurements, the effect of dynamic trapping and de-trapping of charge in the gate oxide, the increase of dielectric loss due to polarization, and the impact of leakage current on the small-signal input impedance at RF is analyzed and represented. This is achieved by systematically extracting the corresponding model parameters from single device measurements at different frequency ranges, and then the methodology is applied to analyze the evolution of these parameters when the device is submitted to non-conducting electrical stress. This approach not only allows to inspect the impact of effects not occurring under DC conditions, such as the current due to the time varying dielectric polarization, but also to clearly distinguish effects in accordance with the functional form of their contribution to the device’s impedance. In fact, it is shown that minor changes in the model of the gate capacitance by including additional resistive and capacitive components allows for an excellent model-experiment correlation up to 30 GHz. Moreover, the accuracy of the correlation is shown to be maintained when applying the proposal to the device under different gate-to-source bias conditions and at several stages during off-state degradation.
Light Absorption Analysis and Optimization of Ag@TiO2 Core-Shell Nanospheroid and Nanorod
Authors: Wumaier Dilishati , Tuersun Paerhatijiang , Li Shuyuan , Li Yixuan , Wang Meng , Xu Dibo
Published: February 2024

For photothermal therapy of cancer, it is necessary to find Ag @TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles that can freely tune the resonance wavelength within the near-infrared biological window. In this paper, the finite element method and the size-dependent refractive index of metal nanoparticles were used to theoretically investigate the effects of the core material, core length, core aspect ratio, shell thickness, refractive index of the surrounding medium, and the particle orientation on the light absorption properties of Ag@TiO2 core-shell nanospheroid and nanorod. The calculations show that the position and intensity of the light absorption resonance peaks can be freely tuned within the first and second biological windows by changing the above-mentioned parameters. Two laser wavelengths commonly used in photothermal therapy, 808 nm (first biological window) and 1064 nm (second biological window), were selected to optimize the core length and aspect ratio of Ag@TiO2 core-shell nanospheroid and nanorod. It was found that the optimized Ag@TiO2 core-shell nanospheroid has a stronger light absorption capacity at the laser wavelengths of 808 nm and 1064 nm. The optimized Ag@TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles can be used as ideal therapeutic agents in photothermal therapy.
Broadband-Tunable Vanadium Dioxide (VO2)-Based Linear Optical Cavity Sensor
Authors: Ayaz Rana M. Armaghan , Balazadeh Koucheh Amin Balazadeh , Sendur Kursat
Published: February 2024

Sensors fabricated by using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform provide promising solutions to issues such as size, power consumption, wavelength-specific nature of end reflectors and difficulty to detect ternary mixture. To address these limitations, we proposed and investigated a broadband-thermally tunable vanadium dioxide (VO2)-based linear optical cavity sensor model using a finite element method. The proposed structure consists of a silicon wire waveguide on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform terminated with phase-change vanadium oxide (VO2) on each side to provide light confinement. A smooth transmission modulation range of 0.8 (VO2 in the insulator state) and 0.03 (VO2 in the conductive phase state) in the 125 to 230 THz spectral region was obtained due to the of Fabry–Pérot (FP) effect. For the 3.84 μm cavity length, the presented sensor resulted in a sensitivity of 20.2 THz/RIU or 179.56 nm/RIU, which is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than its counterparts in the literature. The sensitivity of the 2D model showed direct relation with the length of the optical cavity. Moreover, the change in the resonating mode line width Δν of approximately 6.94 THz/RIU or 59.96 nm/RIU was also observed when the sensor was subjected to the change of the imaginary part k of complex refractive index (RI). This property of the sensor equips it for the sensing of aternary mixture without using any chemical surface modification. The proposed sensor haspotential applications in the areas of chemical industries, environmental monitoring and biomedical sensing.
Dietary Patterns and Factors Associated with Food Affinity in Pregnant Women from Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Toapanta-Pinta Paola , Vasco-Morales Santiago , Céspedes-Granda Sara , Sartorelli Daniela Saes , Moisés Elaine Christine Dantas
Published: February 2024

Nutrition during pregnancy influences perinatal outcomes and predispositions to chronic diseases. A prospective cohort study was carried out with the objectives of describing the dietary patterns in the pregnant population in the city of Quito, Ecuador and analysing the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that influence the adherence to each dietary pattern. The body mass index was calculated for each patient, and the patients were classified according to the Atalah criteria. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was also applied. The dietary patterns were assessed using a dietary survey with a 24 h recall on two occasions. A total of 535 pregnant women were included. A positive association was found between the pattern “dairy, salads and sweet snacks/dressings” and foreign nationality (β = 0.82 (0.43;1.21)). The “refined carbohydrates” pattern was negatively associated with education equal to or less than 7 years and an income of up to one basic salary (β = −0.59 (−1.05; −0.14)). The “traditional Ecuadorian” pattern showed a positive association with being born in the coastal region of Ecuador (β = 0.62 (0.22; 1.01)). This study identified three dietary patterns in pregnant women and their possible associations with certain sociodemographic factors. More studies are needed to better understand these patterns as well as to analyse their nutritional and caloric properties.
Dietary Isoeugenol Supplementation Attenuates Chronic UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Geng Ruixuan , Kang Seong-Gook , Huang Kunlun , Tong Tao
Published: February 2024

Photoaging, the primary cause of skin aging damage, results from chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure, leading to dryness and wrinkle formation. Nutritional intervention has emerged as a practical approach for preventing and addressing the effect of skin photoaging. The primary aromatic compound isolated from clove oil, isoeugenol (IE), has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities that work to effectively restrict skin cancer cell proliferation. This investigation delved into the advantages of IE in alleviating skin photoaging using UVB-irradiated skin fibroblasts and female SKH-1 hairless mouse models. IE alleviated UVB-induced photodamage in Hs68 dermal fibroblasts by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase secretion and promoting extracellular matrix synthesis. In photoaged mice, dietary IE reduced wrinkles, relieved skin dryness, inhibited epidermal thickening, and prevented collagen loss. Additionally, the intestinal dysbiosis caused by prolonged UVB exposure was reduced with an IE intervention. The results of Spearman’s analysis showed a strong correlation between skin photoaging and gut microbiota. Given the almost unavoidable UVB exposure in contemporary living, this research demonstrated the efficacy of dietary IE in reversing skin photoaging, presenting a promising approach to tackle concerns related to extrinsic skin aging.
Evaluating Childhood Overweight- and Obesity-Related Food Marketing Policies in China Using the Food–Environment Policy Index (Food–EPI)
Authors: Li Zhenhui , Fang Yujie , Zhang Na , Zhu Wenli , Chang Suying , Zhou Shuyi , Zhang Man , Ma Guansheng
Published: February 2024

Objective: Addressing the increasing global health issue of childhood obesity, exacerbated by pervasive food marketing, this study critically evaluated China’s food marketing policies in comparison with international best practices, aiming to uncover policy content and implementation gaps and inform policy enhancement strategies. Method: Three key indicators were utilized from the Healthy Food–Environment Policy Index (Food–EPI)’s food promotion domain. A panel of experts (n = 13) from academic institutions, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the food industry assessed the Chinese government’s policy scores and implementation levels concerning food marketing. Benchmarked against international best practices using the Food–EPI process, this evaluation encompassed context analysis, data collection, evidence-based policy action, government validation, policy rating, scoring, and results translation for government and stakeholders. The three chosen indicators specifically addressed childhood overweight- and obesity-related food marketing in broadcast media (Indicator 1), non-broadcast media (Indicator 2), and child gathering settings (Indicator 3). Results: Specifically, Indicator 1, the Single Food Marketing Indicator Score was measured at 2.31 ± 0.38, with an accompanying Food Marketing Policy Implementation Percentage of 46.2%, and Low Implementation Level. For non-broadcast mediums (Indicator 2), these metrics were gauged at 1.77 ± 0.27, 35.4%, and Low Implementation Level, respectively. In child gathering settings (Indicator 3), for efforts curbing unhealthy food promotion, a score of 2.77 ± 0.27, an implementation percentage of 55.4%, and Medium Implementation Level was obtained. Cumulatively, the overarching efficacy of food marketing policy enforcement was determined to be suboptimal, with the consolidated figures being Total Food Marketing Score as 2.28 ± 0.97, Total Food Marketing Policy Implementation Percentage as 45.6%, and Total Food Marketing Policy Implementation Level as Low. Conclusion: Like many countries, China’s food marketing policies and implementation have room for improvement when compared to international best practices. Recommendations include emphasizing nutritional legislation, fostering stakeholder collaboration, bolstering public health campaigns, and leveraging technology for stringent enforcement.
Cold-Pressed Sacha Inchi Oil: High in Omega-3 and Prevents Fat Accumulation in the Liver
Authors: Samrit Tepparit , Osotprasit Supawadee , Chaiwichien Athit , Suksomboon Phawiya , Chansap Supanan , Athipornchai Anan , Changklungmoa Narin , Kueakhai Pornanan
Published: February 2024

The ability of oil supplementation to inhibit various metabolic syndromes has been recognized. However, there are currently no studies determining the effects of oil supplements on healthy conditions. Plukenetia volubilis L., also known as Sacha inchi, is a seed rich in essential unsaturated fatty acids that improves metabolic syndrome diseases, such as obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver. However, the health benefits and effects of Sacha inchi oil (SIO) supplementation remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the chemical effects and properties of Sacha inchi oil. The results of the chemical compound analysis showed that Sacha inchi is an abundant source of ω-3 fatty acids, with a content of 44.73%, and exhibits scavenging activity of 240.53 ± 11.74 and 272.41 ± 6.95 µg Trolox/g, determined via DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, while both olive and lard oils exhibited lower scavenging activities compared with Sacha inchi. Regarding liver histology, rats given Sacha inchi supplements showed lower TG accumulation and fat droplet distribution in the liver than those given lard supplements, with fat areas of approximately 14.19 ± 6.49% and 8.15 ± 2.40%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Sacha inchi oil is a plant source of ω-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and does not induce fatty liver and pathology in the kidney, pancreas, and spleen. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement to improve metabolic syndrome diseases.
Cannabinoid-Induced Stereoselective Inhibition of R-S-Oxazepam Glucuronidation: Cannabinoid–Oxazepam Drug Interactions
Authors: Bardhi Keti , Coates Shelby , Chen Gang , Lazarus Philip
Published: February 2024

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) such as oxazepam are commonly prescribed depressant drugs known for their anxiolytic, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects and are frequently used in conjunction with other illicit drugs including cannabis. Oxazepam is metabolized in an enantiomeric-specific manner by glucuronidation, with S-oxazepam metabolized primarily by UGT2B15 and R-oxazepam glucuronidation mediated by both UGT 1A9 and 2B7. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential inhibitory effects of major cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and major THC metabolites, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-THC), on the UGT-mediated metabolism of R- and S-oxazepam. The cannabinoids and metabolites were screened as inhibitors of R- and S-oxazepam glucuronidation in microsomes isolated from HEK293 cells overexpressing individual UGT enzymes (rUGTs). The IC50 values were determined in human liver microsomes (HLM), human kidney microsomes (HKM), and rUGTs and utilized to estimate the nonspecific, binding-corrected Ki (Ki,u) values and predict the area under the concentration–time curve ratio (AUCR). The estimated Ki,u values observed in HLM for S- and R-oxazepam glucuronidation by CBD, 11-OH-THC, and THC were in the micromolar range (0.82 to 3.7 µM), with the Ki,u values observed for R-oxazepam glucuronidation approximately 2- to 5-fold lower as compared to those observed for S-oxazepam glucuronidation. The mechanistic static modeling predicted a potential clinically significant interaction between oral THC and CBD with oxazepam, with the AUCR values ranging from 1.25 to 3.45. These data suggest a pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction when major cannabinoids like CBD or THC and oxazepam are concurrently administered.
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Capsicum annuum (L.) Dry Hydro-Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Ivan Ionuț Mădălin , Popovici Violeta , Chițescu Carmen Lidia , Popescu Liliana , Luță Emanuela Alice , Ilie Elena Iuliana , Brașoveanu Lorelei Irina , Hotnog Camelia Mia , Olaru Octavian Tudorel , Nițulescu George Mihai , Boscencu Rica , Gîrd Cerasela Elena
Published: February 2024

Capsicum annuum (L.) is one of the essential spices most frequently used in our daily routine and has remarkable ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties. Its fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and numerous other phenolic metabolites with a well-known antioxidant activity. Regular consumption of chili fruits may have a positive influence on human health. Therefore, we investigated a commercially available chili fruit powder in the present study, extracting it with 50% ethanol. The dried hydro-ethanolic extract (CAE) was thoroughly analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS/MS), and 79 bioactive phenolic constituents were identified. Then, we quantified the main phenolic compounds and found a polyphenol content of 4.725 ± 1.361 mg Eq tannic acid/100 g extract and a flavonoid amount of 1.154 ± 0.044 mg Eq rutin/100 g extract. Phenolic secondary metabolites are known for their dual redox behavior as antioxidants/pro-oxidants, underlying their numerous benefits in health and disease. Thus, the antioxidant potential of CAE was evaluated using three methods; our results could explain the protective effects of chili fruits: IC50DPPH = 1.669 mg/mL, IC50ABTS = 0.200 mg/mL, and EC50FRAP = 0.561 mg/mL. The pro-oxidant potential of phenolic compounds could be a basis for CAE cytotoxicity, investigated in vitro on tumor cell lines and in vivo on Daphnia sp. Results demonstrated the dose- and time-dependent CAE’s cytotoxic activity; the highest antiproliferative activity was recorded on colon (LoVo) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines after 48 h of exposure (IC50 values < 200 µg/mL). In vivo testing on Daphnia sp. reported a potent CAE cytotoxicity after 48 h and embryonic developmental delays. Extensive data analyses support our results, showing a significant correlation between the CAE’s concentration, phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, exposure time, and the viability rate of different tested cell lines.
Multi-Scenario Land Use/Cover Change and Its Impact on Carbon Storage Based on the Coupled GMOP-PLUS-InVEST Model in the Hexi Corridor, China
Authors: Zhang Yang , Naerkezi Nazhalati , Zhang Yun , Wang Bo
Published: February 2024

Understanding the relationship between land use and carbon storage is vital for achieving sustainable development goals. However, our understanding of how carbon storage develops under land policy planning is still incomplete. In this study, a comprehensive framework that integrates Gray Multi-objective Optimization Programming (GMOP), the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) models is introduced to evaluate land use dynamics and ecosystem services. Two scenarios have been established to estimate Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC) patterns in the Hexi Corridor by 2035: the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, developed based on historical trends, and the ecological conservation scenario (ECS), optimized with multiple policy objectives. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the predominant land use type in the Hexi Corridor was unutilized land, with LUCC mainly involving the transformation of unutilized land to grass land. (2) Carbon storage in the Hexi Corridor increased by approximately 9.05 × 106 t from 2000 to 2020 due to LUCC, characterized by higher levels in the south and lower levels in the north. (3) The areas of grass land and arable land are expected to continue increasing until 2035, while the extent of unutilized land is projected to decrease. The ECS is poised to create a balance between ecological protection and economic development. (4) By 2035, both the BAU scenario and ECS estimate an increase in the carbon storage of the Hexi Corridor, with the ECS expected to result in the most significant gains. These research findings provide valuable insights for administrators and researchers, guiding more rational land use planning and ecological restoration policies to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality.