bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of cyclic and d‐amino acids containing peptidomimetics for inhibition of protein‐protein interactions of HER2‐HER3
Authors: Pallerla Sandeep , Naik Himgauri , Singh Sitanshu , Gauthier Ted , Sable Rushikesh , Jois Seetharama D.
Published: February 2018

HER2 receptors are surface proteins belonging to the epidermal growth factor family of receptors. Their numbers are elevated in breast, lung, and ovarian cancers. HER2‐positive cancers are aggressive, have higher mortality rate, and have a poor prognosis. We have designed peptidomimetics that bind to HER2 and block the HER2‐mediated dimerization of epidermal growth factor family of receptors. Among these, a symmetrical cyclic peptidomimetic (compound 18) exhibited antiproliferative activity in HER2‐overexpressing lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the nanomolar concentration range. To improve the stability of the peptidomimetic, d‐amino acids were introduced into the peptidomimetic, and several analogs of compound 18 were designed. Among the analogs of compound 18, compound 32, a cyclic, d‐amino acid‐containing peptidomimetic, was found to have an IC50 value in the nanomolar range in HER2‐overexpressing cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative activity of compound 32 was also measured by using a 3D cell culture model that mimics the in vivo conditions. The binding of compound 32 to the HER2 protein was studied by surface plasmon resonance. In vitro stability studies indicated that compound 32 was stable in serum for 48 hours and intact peptide was detectable in vivo for 12 hours. Results from our studies indicated that 1 of the d‐amino acid analogs of 18, compound 32, binds to the HER2 extracellular domain, inhibiting the phosphorylation of kinase of HER2.
InP:S/AlInAs:C Tunnel Junction Grown by MOVPE for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Soresi Stefano , Hamon Gwénaëlle , Larrue Alexandre , Alvarez José , Pires Mauricio P. , Decobert Jean
Published: February 2018

Multijunction solar cells based on III–V compounds are one of the most effective possibilities to achieve high efficiencies for space and terrestrial applications. In this work, AlInAs:C/InP:S tunnel junctions are fabricated using MOVPE. Type‐II interface band alignment of AlInAs/InP heterostructure is ideal for increasing the photogenerated carriers tunneling. Furthermore, wide bandgaps ensure a high transmission of the incident light. The J–V characteristics of the final devices show very good results in terms of tunneling peak current density (1000 A cm−2) and specific resistance at low applied bias, making them compatible for photovoltaic applications.
Preparedness for slow‐onset environmental disasters: Drawing lessons from three decades of El Niño impacts
Authors: Staupe‐Delgado Reidar , Kruke Bjørn Ivar , Ross Robert J. , Glantz Michael H.
Published: February 2018

El Niño warm events provide a fruitful case for the study of disaster‐induced learning due to their reoccurring nature and the high level of uncertainty surrounding their impacts. The purpose of this study is to elucidate impediments and opportunities for learning from El Niño disaster planning. To achieve this, we analyse and compare two lessons learned reports from the 1997–98 and 2015–16 El Niño events. These reports also refer to the 1982–83 El Niño event, providing a longer case‐record. The findings suggest that inter‐event learning is facilitated by the existence of at least three key elements: the presence of national research programmes on El Niño mechanics and forecast capability; a development approach to disaster risk reduction, where root causes such as poverty and socio‐economic exclusion are considered, and the availability of media channels that refrain from sensationalist framing in favour of relevant and useful messages regarding appropriate mitigative strategies. Unfavourable learning conditions were identified as those characterized by a lack of political will, reliance on reactive response strategies and a lack of inter‐agency coordination.
Effect of Dual Modification Order with Ultrasound and Hydrothermal Treatments on Starch Digestibility
Authors: Flores‐Silva Pamela C. , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose , Bello‐Perez Luis A.
Published: February 2018

In the present study, the effects of the order of dual modification on the in vitro digestibility and structural properties of maize starch are investigated. Dual modification of maize starch is carried out by combining ultrasonication (S) (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 min) and heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) in different sequences (S‐HMT and HMT‐S). The dual‐modification treatment caused the rearrangement of the starch structure, increasing the resistant starch (RS) content of the uncooked samples. Moreover, HMT‐S produced thermo‐stable SDS and RS. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated short‐range changes, as is reflected by modifications of the gelatinization parameters of the treated starches. The results suggest that the structural changes of maize starch by dual modification affected the digestibility regardless of the treatment sequence.
Effect of Biocomposite Edible Coatings Based on Pea Starch and Guar Gum on Nutritional Quality of “Valencia” Orange During Storage
Authors: Saberi Bahareh , Golding John B. , Chockchaisawasdee Suwimol , Scarlett Christopher J. , Stathopoulos Costas E.
Published: February 2018

The application of environmentally friendly components is an approach for substitution of synthetic substances in commercial waxes applied to citrus. In this study, the effect of biocomposite edible coatings based on pea starch and guar gum (PSGG) on total vitamin C, phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and carotenoid content, and antioxidant capacity of “Valencia” orange stored at 5 and 20 °C for 4 weeks are evaluated. The fruits are coated by a single layer PSGG coating, blended composite PSGG coating containing shellac (Sh) and oleic acid (OA) as hydrophobic compounds (PSGG‐Sh), and a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) coating (PSGG as an internal layer and Sh as an external layer). The results show no significant differences in changes of bioactive compounds between coating treatments after first week storage at both temperatures. The PSGG coatings incorporated with hydrophobic compounds (PSGG‐Sh) better preserves the nutritional value and the antioxidant potential of oranges during storage compared with other treatments. The single layer PSGG coating is almost similar to bilayer coating in preserving nutritional value of fruit during storage and less effective than the blended composite PSGG‐Sh coating.
Outcomes of Penetrating Keratoplasty Following Autologous Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Figueiredo Gustavo S. , Salvador-Culla Borja , Baylis Oliver J. , Mudhar Hardeep S. , Lako Majlinda , Figueiredo Francisco C.
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) following autologous cultivated limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation (CLET). A prospective, single center, interventional cohort study investigating patients with unilateral total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) treated with CLET who underwent PKP. Patients with confirmed corneal re-epithelialization > 6 months post-CLET, and with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) <0.3 logMAR were offered PKP. CLET survival assessed by slit lamp, corneal impression cytology (CIC), and in vivo confocal microscopy. Confirmation of corneal re-epithelialization by histological and immunocytochemical (ICC) examination of trephined corneal buttons. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR) following PKP and PKP survival at 12 months were calculated. Twenty patients underwent PKP. Mean time of PKP was 19 months (range 11–41 months, SD 7.26) post-CLET. Median follow-up time post-PKP was 15 months (range 1–32, SD 10.2). CIC and ICC of all corneas confirmed corneal re-epithelialization before PKP. Mean pre-PKP BCVA was 1.46 (range 0.3–2.7, SD 0.94) improving to a mean post-PKP BCVA of 0.74 (range 0–2.7, SD 0.87); mean improvement in BCVA post-PKP of 36 letters (95% CI 15.0–57.1, p = .002). Kaplan-Meier mean graft survival was 90.9% (95% CI 50.8–98.7) at 12 months. We recommend a two-stage approach with CLET followed by PKP >12 months later. Patients experienced a significant improvement in BCVA following PKP. PKP did not have a detrimental effect on CLET survival. PKP survival post-CLET is better than that reported for high risk PKP.
Characteristics of thin‐film spiral antenna‐coupled Bi microbolometer fabricated on Si3N4/SiO2 membrane
Authors: Uchida Takashi , Matsushita Akihito , Tachiki Takashi
Published: February 2018

A thin‐film spiral antenna‐coupled Bi microbolometer was fabricated on a Si3N4/SiO2 membrane. The membrane was realized by wet etching from the back of an Si substrate using a 26 wt% KOH solution. The antenna was designed in accordance with the current band theory so that it covers the frequency range of 140–220 GHz. The experimental patterns for antennas located on the membrane and on the membrane backed by a copper plate reflector were in good agreement with theoretical patterns for the antenna located in air. Furthermore, a wide band characteristic of the antenna ranging from 140 to 220 GHz was obtained. The responsivity of the Bi microbolometer on the membrane estimated from the DC sensitivity under the irradiation of 220 GHz electromagnetic wave was 110 V/W. This value is about one order of magnitude higher than that of a Bi bolometer fabricated on a dielectric substrate. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effiziente Herstellung von Kohlenstofffasern
Authors: Mager Alexander , Kloiber Verena , Lehmann Beata , Köckritz Tilo , Roch Julius , Großmann Jane , Mäder Gerrit , Beyer Eckhard , Kaskel Stefan
Published: February 2018

Efficient production of carbon fibres using new technologies

Innovative process technologies for carbonization of precursor fibres, which can substitute conventional oven technologies and raise the efficiency of carbon fibre production are presented. The process technologies are based on the substitution of convective heat transfer by microwave plasma or direct fiber heating. In microwave‐assisted plasma treatment, the heating of the fibres is carried out both by microwave absorption in the fibre volume and energy input into the fibre surface by means of the plasma species. During electrical carbonization, the fibres are heated by means of an electrical current flow. The processes can be used separately, one after the other (also in combination with conventional furnace technology) or as hybrid processes.
Disability Weights for Pediatric Surgical Procedures: A Systematic Review and Analysis
Authors: Smith Emily R. , Concepcion Tessa , Lim Stephanie , Sadler Sam , Poenaru Dan , Saxton Anthony T. , Shrime Mark , Ameh Emmanuel , Rice Henry E. ,   Global Initiative for Children’s Surgery
Published: February 2018

Background

Metrics to measure the burden of surgical conditions, such as disability weights (DWs), are poorly defined, particularly for pediatric conditions. To summarize the literature on DWs of children’s surgical conditions, we performed a systematic review of disability weights of pediatric surgical conditions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Method

For this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE for pediatric surgery cost‐effectiveness studies in LMICs, published between January 1, 1996, and April 1, 2017. We also included DWs found in the Global Burden of Disease studies, bibliographies of studies identified in PubMed, or through expert opinion of authors (ES and HR).

Results

Out of 1427 publications, 199 were selected for full‐text analysis, and 30 met all eligibility criteria. We identified 194 discrete DWs published for 66 different pediatric surgical conditions. The DWs were primarily derived from the Global Burden of Disease studies (72%). Of the 194 conditions with reported DWs, only 12 reflected pre‐surgical severity, and 12 included postsurgical severity. The methodological quality of included studies and DWs for specific conditions varied greatly.

Interpretation

It is essential to accurately measure the burden, cost‐effectiveness, and impact of pediatric surgical disease in order to make informed policy decisions. Our results indicate that the existing DWs are inadequate to accurately quantify the burden of pediatric surgical conditions. A wider set of DWs for pediatric surgical conditions needs to be developed, taking into account factors specific to the range and severity of surgical conditions.
Estudo retrospectivo dos resultados do tratamento cirúrgico de 31 tumores de células gigantes da bainha do tendão da mão
Authors: Galbiatti José , Milhomens Gabriel , Silva Luís , Santiago Diego , Silva Neto José , Belluci Sérgio
Published: February 2018

Avaliar os resultados do tratamento de 31 tumores de células gigantes da bainha do tendão da mão encontrados entre 2006 e 2015.

Entre fevereiro de 2006 e novembro de 2015, um grupo de pacientes foi selecionado para avaliação retrospectiva, na qual foram estudados e avaliados 31 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico devido a tumor de células gigantes da bainha do tendão dos dedos da mão. O tratamento preconizado foi a excisão completa do tumor com a preservação das estruturas adjacentes. A confirmação diagnóstica foi feita pelo exame anatomopatológico. Foi avaliada a evolução do tratamento após a cirurgia, principalmente no tocante ao índice de recidivas dos tumores.

Dos 31 pacientes da amostra, houve predomínio do sexo feminino e da etnia branca. O tumor acometeu principalmente indivíduos entre 30 e 50 anos. O lado mais acometido foi o esquerdo, e a maioria dos tumores estava na face flexora. Houve predominância dos dedos radiais, juntamente com sua extremidade distal. Esses pacientes têm sido acompanhados em intervalos regulares em ambulatório. Dos 27 pacientes reavaliados, foram identificados 3 casos de recidiva tumoral.

Uma técnica cirúrgica adequada é essencial para a prevenção de recidivas do TCGBT. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa estão em concordância com a literatura atual.
Measuring cognition and function in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Weintraub Sandra , Carrillo Maria C. , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Goldberg Terry E. , Hendrix James A. , Jaeger Judith , Knopman David S. , Langbaum Jessica B. , Park Denise C. , Ropacki Michael T. , Sikkes Sietske A.M. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Bain Lisa J. , Brashear Robert , Budur Kumar , Graf Ana , Martenyi Ferenc , Storck Marta Segardahl , Randolph Christopher
Published: February 2018

The Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable met in November 2016 to explore how best to measure changes in cognition and function in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. This review will cover the tools and instruments currently available to identify populations for prevention trials, and measure subtle disease progression in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease, and will include discussions of suitable cognitive, behavioral, functional, composite, and biological endpoints for prevention trials. Current prevention trials are reviewed including TOMMOROW, Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease Trial, the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Generation Study, and the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's to compare current approaches and tools that are being developed.
The New Debate on the Interpretation of MFN Clauses in Investment Treaties: Putting the Brakes on Multilateralization
Authors: Batifort Simon , Heath J. Benton
Published: February 2018

This article challenges the conventional wisdom that MFN clauses in investment treaties can always be used to “import” substantive standards of treatment (e.g. FET). It argues that most tribunals permitting this use of MFN clauses have relied on presumptions and have ignored meaningful variations among clauses. It also points out that states are increasingly questioning the conventional view, and that a recent arbitral award has firmly rejected an attempt to use an MFN clause to import substantive standards. It concludes by sketching the terms of the new MFN debate.
Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Ret'd) and Anr v. Union of India and Ors
Authors: Guruswamy Menaka
Published: February 2018

On August 24, 2017, the Supreme Court of India issued a rare, unanimous nine-judge decision holding that the right to privacy is protected by the Constitution of India. The case is all the more noteworthy because the Court reversed its prior decisions holding that the right to privacy was not protected by the country's Constitution. It arose out of the government's creation of a national database of biometric and demographic information for every Indian. Rejecting the government's arguments, the Court found that the right to privacy applies across the gamut of “fundamental” rights including equality, dignity (Article 14), speech, expression (Article 19), life, and liberty (Article 21). The six separate and concurring judgments in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Ret'd) and Anr v. Union of India and Ors are trailblazing for their commitment to privacy as a fundamental freedom and for the judges’ use of foreign law across jurisdictions and spanning centuries.
Cassava whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in East African farming landscapes: a review of the factors determining abundance
Authors: Macfadyen S. , Paull C. , Boykin L.M. , De Barro P. , Maruthi M.N. , Otim M. , Kalyebi A. , Vassão D.G. , Sseruwagi P. , Tay W.T. , Delatte H. , Seguni Z. , Colvin J. , Omongo C.A.
Published: February 2018

Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a pest species complex that causes widespread damage to cassava, a staple food crop for millions of households in East Africa. Species in the complex cause direct feeding damage to cassava and are the vectors of multiple plant viruses. Whilst significant work has gone into developing virus-resistant cassava cultivars, there has been little research effort aimed at understanding the ecology of these insect vectors. Here we assess critically the knowledge base relating to factors that may lead to high population densities of sub-Saharan African (SSA)B. tabacispecies in cassava production landscapes of East Africa. We focus first on empirical studies that have examined biotic or abiotic factors that may lead to high populations. We then identify knowledge gaps that need to be filled to deliver sustainable management solutions. We found that whilst many hypotheses have been put forward to explain the increases in abundance witnessed since the early 1990s, there are little published data and these tend to have been collected in a piecemeal manner. The most critical knowledge gaps identified were: (i) understanding how cassava cultivars and alternative host plants impact population dynamics and natural enemies; (ii) the impact of natural enemies in terms of reducing the frequency of outbreaks and (iii) the use and management of insecticides to delay the development of resistance. In addition, there are several fundamental methodologies that need to be developed and deployed in East Africa to address some of the more challenging knowledge gaps.
DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF MAMEY SAPOTE GROWN ON AN ACID ULTISOL
Authors: GOENAGA RICARDO
Published: February 2018

Little is known about the adaptability of mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) to acidic soils high in aluminum (Al). A 2 year field study was conducted to determine the effects of various levels of soil Al on dry matter production, stem diameter and nutrient concentration in tissues of four cultivars of mamey sapote. Soil Al treatments were statistically different for all variables measured in the study. Cultivars and the year × cultivar interaction were not significant; therefore, results were averaged over cultivars and years. Increasing soil Al concentration from 3.5 to 7.8 cmol kg−1 resulted in an increase in total dry weight, but higher soil Al concentrations resulted in dry weight and stem diameter reductions. Increments in soil Al resulted in a significant reduction in the concentration of leaf, stem and root calcium. The Al concentration in leaf and stem tissues was not significantly affected with increments in soil Al, but there was a significant decline in the concentration of Al in root tissue suggesting that mamey sapote may exclude Al from roots.
Bartlett's Work on Agricultural Experiments
Authors: Cochran W. G.
Published: February 2018

A selection of Bartlett's work as an operating statistician in his first position as statistician 1934–38 at the I.C.I. agricultural research station at Jealott's Hill, Berks., is described. This illustrates some of the methods he used for the efficient detection of treatment effects and for an appraisal of the suitability of the experimental designs that were being used.
Probability Functions which are Proportional to Characteristic Functions and the Infinite Divisibility of the von Mises Distribution
Authors: Lewis Toby
Published: February 2018

Reciprocal pairs of continuous random variables on the line are considered, such that the density function of each is, to within a norming factor, the characteristic function of the other. The analogous reciprocal relationship between a discrete distribution on the line and a continuous distribution on the circle is also considered. A conjecture is made regarding infinite divisibility properties of such pairs of random variables. It is shown that the von Mises distribution is infinitely divisible for sufficiently small values of the concentration parameter.
On the Geometry of Estimation
Authors: Barnard G. A.
Published: February 2018

The conditional inference approach is shown to extend to the general regression problem and to give exact inferences for entirely arbitrary distributions.
Estimation of a Distribution Function from Incomplete Observations
Authors: Meier Paul
Published: February 2018

The product-limit estimator for a distribution function, appropriate to observations which are variably censored, was introduced by Kaplan and Meier in 1958; it has provided a basis for study of more complex problems by Cox and by others. Its properties in the case of random censoring have been studied by Efron and later writers. The basic properties of the product-limit estimator are here shown to be closely parallel to the properties of the empirical distribution function in the general case of variably and arbitrarily censored observations.
The Wiener-Hopf Technique in Applied Probability
Authors: Cohen J. W.
Published: February 2018

In this study some of the basic ideas needed for the application of the Wiener-Hopf Technique in solving problems occurring in applied probability theory are discussed; the paper aims to give a short introduction. The method is illustrated by applying it to two problems; one, although basic in probability theory, is rather simple to handle by this method. The second is much more intricate, but shows clearly the power of the method.
Reversibility and Acyclicity
Authors: Whittle P.
Published: February 2018

It is well-known that the transition matrix of a reversible Markov process can have only real eigenvalues. An example is constructed which shows that the converse assertion does not hold. A generalised notion of reversibility is proposed, ‘dynamic reversibility’, which has many of the implications for the form of the transition matrix of the classical definition, but which does not exclude ‘circulation in state-space’ or, indeed, periodicity.
Measuring the Velocity of a Signal
Authors: Hannan E. J.
Published: February 2018

The problem considered is that of measuring the velocity of a signal, constituted by a plane wave, from measurements at a number of recorders receiving noise as well as signal. The asymptotic properties of the estimates are considered under rather general conditions on the noise and signal processes.
The Deterministic Spread of a Simple Epidemic
Authors: Daniels H. E.
Published: February 2018

An approximation technique is developed for studying the deterministic spread of a simple epidemic which avoids a difficulty inherent in the diffusion approximation. Travelling wave solutions are found and calculated for various contact distributions. The solution developing from an isolated infective is also briefly discussed.
Sexuality and community in the theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Authors: Brain Michael
Published: February 2018

This article suggests that the narrative of human community Bonhoeffer described in Sanctorum Communio, following the categories of creation, fall and redemption, provides the framework for understanding the various aspects of human sexuality found in Creation and Fall and Ethics. A comparative study of these texts reveals that marriage and sexuality in Bonhoeffer encapsulates the human drive towards community, preserved from the fall for redemption in Christ. Understanding human sexuality within the structure of this narrative allows for a new way of appropriating and evaluating Bonhoeffer's theological anthropology for contemporary ethical reflection in the Christian community.
Energy loss of protons in hydrogen plasma
Authors: Cheng R. , Zhou X. , Wang Y. , Lei Y. , Chen Y. , Ma X. , Xiao G. , Zhao Y. , Ren J. , Huo D. , Peng H. , Savin S. , Gavrilin R. , Roudskoy I. , Golubev A.
Published: February 2018

This paper reports the measurement of the energy loss of protons at the energy of 100 keV penetrating a partially ionized hydrogen plasma. The plasma of ne≈ 1015–16cm−3; Te≈ 1–2 eV and lifetime of about 8 µs is created by the hydrogen gas discharge. The experimental results show an increase of a factor of 2.8 in the energy loss, which are in good agreement with the Bethe, Standard Stopping Model, Li–Petrasso and Vlasov models’ predictions within the error limit. The Bethe–Bloch Coulomb logarithm term is found to increase by a factor of 4.0 for free electrons as compared with the situation where bound electrons prevail. The potential application of protons energy loss for diagnosing the electron density in plasma is proposed too.
The living and their dead in Classical Athens: new evidence from Acharnai, Halai Aixonidai & Phaleron
Authors: Papadopoulou Chryssanthi
Published: February 2018

The deme of Acharnai belonged to the Oineis tribe and was the largest deme in Attica, represented in the boule by 22 bouleutai (Trail 1975: 65; Osborne 1985: 44; Platonos 2013: 137). Acharnai not only had a larger population than the other Attic demes, but it also appears to have extended over a particularly large area: over Neapoli, Agios Athanasios, the centre of modern Menidi, Lathea, Auliza, Pyrgouthi, Agia Anna, Charaugi, Kokkinos Mylos, Agia Soteira, Loutro, part of Gerovouno and possibly northern Lykotrypa (Fig. 125).

Both Maria Platonos (2013: 139; 2004: 31–32) and Danielle Kellogg (2013: 10–26), who have studied this deme in depth, agree that there would have been more than one settlement within its limits. Kellogg (2013: 32–33) also notes that the settlement pattern in most areas would have been scattered: that is, there would have been numerous farmsteads dotted across the landscape. This is a very attractive suggestion, since Acharnai was known for its fertile fields, and it is supported by the archaeological evidence, since numerous Classical walls delimiting properties have been excavated in the broader area of the SKA Rail Centre (ID4852; Platonos 2004: 430).
Successful resection of giant right atrial appendage aneurysm to cure chaotic atrial tachycardia in a child: case report
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Xiaomei , Jin Yongqiang
Published: February 2018

Right atrial appendage aneurysm is an extremely rare congenital malformation with unknown aetiology. The most common potential complication is atrial arrhythmias including atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and atrial tachycardia. These arrhythmias are usually refractory to medication therapy. Radiofrequency catheter ablation has poor efficacy with low success rate and high recurrence rate. Aneurysm resection is the recommended treatment with satisfactory efficacy. We report a child with chaotic atrial tachycardia due to giant right atrial appendage aneurysm who was successfully treated by aneurysm resection.
Looking Down
Authors: Verma Neena
Published: February 2018

Architecture in these times is an architecture at risk. I will argue here that the recent trajectory of the field has been a harbinger of the political populism that generated the Trump administration in the US, Brexit in the UK, the Swiss People's Party, Marine Le Pen's Front National, Germany's Alternative für Deutschland, Syriza in Greece, Podemos in Spain, and other such inverse majority movements. What might be called an emerging architectural populism has led to a situation where our careful art is at risk of becoming its inverse: an architecture without architects. In response, I will argue that this is our moment – this is when we reclaim our field in the only way we can – this is when we create architecture.
The quick and the dead: temporality, temporal structure, and the architectural chronotope
Authors: Carr Andrew
Published: February 2018

The concepts of succession and duration are used to identify different temporal aspects of architecture. Typically architecture that is based on duration seeks to persist unchanged within time whilst that based on succession engages with change, transience and rhythm. The organisation of succession and duration, according to different temporal structures, is used to inform a series of design studies. Structures relating to the weather, programmed and unconsidered use, clock time, mechanical time, circadian rhythms, entropy and space-time are examined in a discussion on the architectural chronotope which ‘artistically connects temporal and spatial relationships’.
The effectiveness of self-regulation in limiting the advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages on children’s preferred websites in Canada
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Pauzé Elise
Published: February 2018

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of the self-regulatory Canadian Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI) in limiting advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages on children’s preferred websites in Canada.

Design/Setting/Subjects

Syndicated Internet advertising exposure data were used to identify the ten most popular websites for children (aged 2–11 years) and determine the frequency of food/beverage banner and pop-up ads on these websites from June 2015 to May 2016. Nutrition information for advertised products was collected and their nutrient content per 100 g was calculated. Nutritional quality of all food/beverage ads was assessed using the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and UK Nutrient Profile Models (NPM). Nutritional quality of CAI and non-CAI company ads was compared usingχ2analyses and independentttests.

Results

About 54 million food/beverage ads were viewed on children’s preferred websites from June 2015 to May 2016. Most (93·4 %) product ads were categorized as excessive in fat, Na or free sugars as per the PAHO NPM and 73·8 % were deemed less healthy according to the UK NPM. CAI-company ads were 2·2 times more likely (OR; 99 % CI) to be excessive in at least one nutrient (2·2; 2·1, 2·2,P<0·001) and 2·5 times more likely to be deemed less healthy (2·5; 2·5, 2·5,P<0·001) than non-CAI ads. On average, CAI-company product ads also contained (mean difference; 99 % CI) more energy (141; 141·1, 141·4 kcal,P<0·001,r=0·55), sugar (18·2; 18·2, 18·2 g,P<0·001,r=0·68) and Na (70·0; 69·7, 70·0 mg,P<0·001,r=0·23) per 100 g serving than non-CAI ads.

Conclusions

The CAI is not limiting unhealthy food and beverage advertising on children’s preferred websites in Canada. Mandatory regulations are needed.
Education, practical training and professional development for public health practitioners: a scoping review of the literature and insights for sustainable food system capacity-building
Authors: Wegener Jessica , Fong Debbie , Rocha Cecilia
Published: February 2018

Objective

Noting the upstream positioning of sustainable food systems (SFS) to multiple global crises, the present review described examples of emerging and promising practices to support SFS-oriented education, practical training (PT) and continuing professional development (CPD) among trainees and public health practitioners (PHP). A secondary objective was to compile the evidence into practical considerations for educators, supervising practitioners and professional associations.

Design

A scoping review of the literature published between 2007 and 2017 was conducted in May 2017 using four databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and HSSA, along with bibliography hand-searching and expert consultation. Articles were screened for relevance and specificity by independent raters.

Results

Nineteen articles were included for analysis. Two-thirds of the articles related to dietitians and public health nutritionists. Emerging practices included curriculum-based considerations, incorporation of ‘sustainability’ within professional competencies and self-reflection related to SFS. Descriptions of SFS-related education, PT and CPD practices appeared largely in the literature from developed countries. Articles converged on the need for ecosystems, food systems and sustainability considerations within and across practice to support current and future practitioners.

Conclusions

There is growing interest in SFS but guidance to support educators and preceptors is lacking. Updates to dietary guidelines to reflect issues of sustainability are a timely prompt to examine the education, training and development needs of trainees and PHP. Practical examples of emerging practices can empower PHP to promote SFS in all areas of practice. More research is needed to address identified gaps in the literature and to improve SFS-specific education, PT and CPD.
LIE ALGEBROIDS AS SPACES
Authors: Grady Ryan , Gwilliam Owen
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we relate Lie algebroids to Costello’s version of derived geometry. For instance, we show that each Lie algebroid – and the natural generalization to dg Lie algebroids – provides an (essentially unique)$L_{\infty }$space. More precisely, we construct a faithful functor from the category of Lie algebroids to the category of$L_{\infty }$spaces. Then we show that for each Lie algebroid$L$, there is a fully faithful functor from the category of representations up to homotopy of$L$to the category of vector bundles over the associated$L_{\infty }$space. Indeed, this functor sends the adjoint complex of$L$to the tangent bundle of the$L_{\infty }$space. Finally, we show that a shifted symplectic structure on a dg Lie algebroid produces a shifted symplectic structure on the associated$L_{\infty }$space.
EQUIVALENT NORMS WITH AN EXTREMELY NONLINEABLE SET OF NORM ATTAINING FUNCTIONALS
Authors: Kadets Vladimir , López Ginés , Martín Miguel , Werner Dirk
Published: February 2018

We present a construction that enables one to find Banach spaces$X$whose sets$\operatorname{NA}(X)$of norm attaining functionals do not contain two-dimensional subspaces and such that, consequently,$X$does not contain proximinal subspaces of finite codimension greater than one, extending the results recently provided by Read [Banach spaces with no proximinal subspaces of codimension 2,Israel J. Math.(to appear)] and Rmoutil [Norm-attaining functionals need not contain 2-dimensional subspaces,J. Funct. Anal. 272(2017), 918–928]. Roughly speaking, we construct an equivalent renorming with the requested properties for every Banach space$X$where the set$\operatorname{NA}(X)$for the original norm is not “too large”. The construction can be applied to every Banach space containing$c_{0}$and having a countable system of norming functionals, in particular, to separable Banach spaces containing$c_{0}$. We also provide some geometric properties of the norms we have constructed.
Gulf Stream Slowed as Hurricanes Struck
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: February 2018

Hurricanes Jose and Maria temporarily decelerated this powerful ocean current’s flow last year, according to data from an ocean glider that rode the stream between Florida and Massachusetts.
Baicalin induces cellular senescence in human colon cancer cells via upregulation of DEPP and the activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling
Authors: Wang Zhou , Ma Lingman , Su Mengqi , Zhou Yiran , Mao Ke , Li Chengqin , Peng Guangyong , Zhou Changlin , Shen Baiyong , Dou Jie
Published: February 2018

Baicalin is a natural flavonoid glycoside which has potent anti-tumor and antioxidant activity in cancer cells. In the present study, we found that baicalin treatment significantly induced senescence in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, baicalin upregulated the expression of decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP) in HCT116 colon cancer cells, which accompanied with the activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and p16INK4A/Rb signaling pathways. Meanwhile, these phenomena also appeared under the anti-oxidation effect exerted by baicalin. In addition, ectopic expression of DEPP in HCT116 cells significantly induced the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in tumor cells regulated by Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Knockdown of DEPP by RNA interference efficiently counteracted the baicalin-mediated growth inhibition, senescence and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Importantly, in a xenograft mouse model of human colon cancer, we further confirmed that baicalin treatment dramatically inhibited tumor growth, which was due to the induction of tumor cellular senescence via the upregulation of DEPP and the activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in vivo. In addition to baicalin treatment, we found that the hypoxia-response protein DEPP functions as a positive regulator involving the regulations of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and inhibition of human colon cancer by other anti-oxidative drugs, such as curcumin and sulforaphane, resulting in tumor cellular senescence. These results collectively suggest that baicalin upregulates the expression of DEPP and activates its downstream Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and p16INK4A/Rb pathways by acting as an antioxidant, leading to senescence in colon cancer cells.
FOXO3-dependent apoptosis limits alcohol-induced liver inflammation by promoting infiltrating macrophage differentiation
Authors: Li Zhuan , Zhao Jie , Zhang Shujun , Weinman Steven A.
Published: February 2018

Alcohol consumption is generally well tolerated by the liver but in some individuals it results in persistent inflammation and liver disease. The mechanisms that regulate alcohol-induced liver inflammation are poorly understood. The transcription factor FOXO3 has previously been shown to be involved in suppressing alcohol-induced liver injury. In this study we demonstrate that in response to alcohol, approximately 10% of mouse hepatic macrophages undergo FOXO3-dependent apoptosis. By 3 days of alcohol exposure total hepatic macrophage numbers declined by 30% but these were restored to normal after 10 days of continued exposure. Whole body or myeloid specific Foxo3-/- mice failed to show this apoptotic response. After 10 days of alcohol exposure, Foxo3−/− mice had an increased basal inflammatory phenotype and an increase in the proportion of pro-inflammatory CD11b+, Ly6C+ infiltrating macrophages (IMs) infiltrating. This led to marked sensitivity to LPS with a 5-fold ALT elevation and liver injury after LPS challenge in Foxo3−/− but not WT mice. Restoring the early macrophage apoptosis burst with a pulse of intravenous GdCl3 at day 2 had no effect on the day 10 phenotype of WT mice but it corrected the hyper-inflammatory phenotype in Foxo3
−/−
mice. In conclusion, FOXO3-dependent hepatic macrophage apoptosis in response to ethanol serves to promote differentiation of infiltrating macrophages thus limiting the magnitude of the inflammatory response to ethanol.
C-terminal calcium binding of α-synuclein modulates synaptic vesicle interaction
Authors: Lautenschläger Janin , Stephens Amberley D. , Fusco Giuliana , Ströhl Florian , Curry Nathan , Zacharopoulou Maria , Michel Claire H. , Laine Romain , Nespovitaya Nadezhda , Fantham Marcus , Pinotsi Dorothea , Zago Wagner , Fraser Paul , Tandon Anurag , St George-Hyslop Peter , Rees Eric , Phillips Jonathan J. , De Simone Alfonso , Kaminski Clemens F. , Schierle Gabriele S. Kaminski
Published: February 2018

Alpha-synuclein is known to bind to small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) via its N terminus, which forms an amphipathic alpha-helix upon membrane interaction. Here we show that calcium binds to the C terminus of alpha-synuclein, therewith increasing its lipid-binding capacity. Using CEST-NMR, we reveal that alpha-synuclein interacts with isolated synaptic vesicles with two regions, the N terminus, already known from studies on SUVs, and additionally via its C terminus, which is regulated by the binding of calcium. Indeed, dSTORM on synaptosomes shows that calcium mediates the localization of alpha-synuclein at the pre-synaptic terminal, and an imbalance in calcium or alpha-synuclein can cause synaptic vesicle clustering, as seen ex vivo and in vitro. This study provides a new view on the binding of alpha-synuclein to synaptic vesicles, which might also affect our understanding of synucleinopathies.
Submarine slope failures due to pipe structure formation
Authors: Elger Judith , Berndt Christian , Rüpke Lars , Krastel Sebastian , Gross Felix , Geissler Wolfram H.
Published: February 2018

There is a strong spatial correlation between submarine slope failures and the occurrence of gas hydrates. This has been attributed to the dynamic nature of gas hydrate systems and the potential reduction of slope stability due to bottom water warming or sea level drop. However, 30 years of research into this process found no solid supporting evidence. Here we present new reflection seismic data from the Arctic Ocean and numerical modelling results supporting a different link between hydrates and slope stability. Hydrates reduce sediment permeability and cause build-up of overpressure at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. Resulting hydro-fracturing forms pipe structures as pathways for overpressured fluids to migrate upward. Where these pipe structures reach shallow permeable beds, this overpressure transfers laterally and destabilises the slope. This process reconciles the spatial correlation of submarine landslides and gas hydrate, and it is independent of environmental change and water depth.
A single NaK channel conformation is not enough for non-selective ion conduction
Authors: Shi Chaowei , He Yao , Hendriks Kitty , de Groot Bert L. , Cai Xiaoying , Tian Changlin , Lange Adam , Sun Han
Published: February 2018

NaK and other non-selective channels are able to conduct both sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) with equally high efficiency. In contrast to previous crystallographic results, we show that the selectivity filter (SF) of NaK in native-like lipid membranes adopts two distinct conformations that are stabilized by either Na+ or K+ ions. The atomic differences of these conformations are resolved by solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Besides the canonical K+ permeation pathway, we identify a side entry ion-conduction pathway for Na+ permeation unique to NaK. Moreover, under otherwise identical conditions ssNMR spectra of the K+ selective NaK mutant (NaK2K) reveal only a single conformational state. Therefore, we propose that structural plasticity within the SF and the selection of these conformations by different ions are key molecular determinants for highly efficient conduction of different ions in non-selective cation channels.
Photonic-crystal exciton-polaritons in monolayer semiconductors
Authors: Zhang Long , Gogna Rahul , Burg Will , Tutuc Emanuel , Deng Hui
Published: February 2018

Semiconductor microcavity polaritons, formed via strong exciton-photon coupling, provide a quantum many-body system on a chip, featuring rich physics phenomena for better photonic technology. However, conventional polariton cavities are bulky, difficult to integrate, and inflexible for mode control, especially for room-temperature materials. Here we demonstrate sub-wavelength-thick, one-dimensional photonic crystals as a designable, compact, and practical platform for strong coupling with atomically thin van der Waals crystals. Polariton dispersions and mode anti-crossings are measured up to room temperature. Non-radiative decay to dark excitons is suppressed due to polariton enhancement of the radiative decay. Unusual features, including highly anisotropic dispersions and adjustable Fano resonances in reflectance, may facilitate high temperature polariton condensation in variable dimensions. Combining slab photonic crystals and van der Waals crystals in the strong coupling regime allows unprecedented engineering flexibility for exploring novel polariton phenomena and device concepts.
Life history and biocontrol potential of the first female-producing parthenogenetic species of Diglyphus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) against agromyzid leafminers
Authors: Ye Fu-Yu , Zhu Chao-Dong , Yefremova Zoya , Liu Wan-Xue , Guo Jian-Yang , Wan Fang-Hao
Published: February 2018

Diglyphusspecies are dominant biocontrol agents for suppressing outbreaks of agromyzid leafminers in fields. In July 2015, we collected a new thelytokous species ofDiglyphusin Qinghai, China. The wasp is here named asD.waniLiu, Zhu & Yefremova sp. nov., based on morphological and molecular analyses. The life history and biocontrol potential of the wasp were studied in the laboratory and by providingLiriomyza sativaelarvae. The intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and mean generation time were 0.2373 d−1, 1.2678 d−1, and 15.9 d, respectively. The wasps showed three types of host-killing behaviour, namely parasitism, host feeding and host stinging, resulting in 47.6, 94.4 and 3.4 host larvae killed per wasp over a lifetime, respectively. The finite total host-killing rate was 1.0071 and the wasp showed strong synovigeny. The wasp may be a crucial biocontrol agent against agromyzid leafminers.
Debye formulas for a relaxing system with memory
Authors: Klik Ivo , McHugh James , Chantrell Roy W. , Chang Ching-Ray
Published: February 2018

Rate (master) equations are ubiquitous in statistical physics, yet, to the best of our knowledge, a rate equation with memory has previously never been considered. We write down an integro-differential rate equation for the evolution of a thermally relaxing system with memory. For concreteness we adopt as a model a single-domain magnetic particle driven by a small ac field and derive the modified Debye formulas. For any memory time Θ the in-phase component of the resultant ac susceptibility is positive at small probing frequencies ω, but becomes negative at large ω. The system thus exhibits frequency induced diamagnetism. For comparison we also consider particle pairs with dipolar coupling. The memory effect is found to be enhanced by ferromagnetic coupling and suppressed by antiferromagnetic coupling. Numerical calculations support the prediction of a negative susceptibility which arises from a phase shift induced by the memory effect. It is proposed that the onset of frequency induced diamagnetism represents a viable experimental signature of correlated noise.