bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does dispositional preference for solitude predict better psychological outcomes during times of social distancing? Beliefs and reality
Authors: Ren Dongning , Stavrova Olga , Evans Anthony M.
Published: February 2023

Objective

People value solitude for themselves. Yet little is known about how people perceive dispositional preference for solitude in others. Does dispositional preference for solitude represent a protective factor from psychological distress during times of social distancing? And do laypeople have accurate beliefs about the role of preference for solitude?

Method

To answer these questions, we conducted four studies (three preregistered, Ntotal = 1418) at the early and a later stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic using experimental, longitudinal, and experience sampling designs.

Results

People expected targets with a higher solitude preference to be more resilient (e.g., less lonely, more satisfied with life) during social distancing, and consequently prioritize them less when allocating supportive resources for maintaining social connections (Studies 1 and 2). Compared to these beliefs, the actual difference between individuals with higher versus lower solitude preference was smaller (Study 2) or even negligible (Study 3). Did people form more calibrated beliefs two years into the pandemic? Study 4 suggested no.

Conclusions

Together, these studies show that people overestimate the role of preference for solitude in predicting others' psychological experience. As a result, solitude‐seeking individuals may miss out on supportive resources, leading to higher risks for mental health issues.
All I missed in the therapeutic relationship: The lived experience narrative of a mental health nurse receiving mental healthcare
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Concepción ,   Anonymous, Sánchez‐Martínez Vanessa
Published: February 2023

Accessible Summary

What Is Known on the Subject?

The therapeutic relationship is crucial for mental health practice, especially to practice that is recovery‐orientated.

What the Paper Adds to Existing Knowledge?

This lived experience suggests that mental health professionals can be a long way from knowing the service users' feelings and their precise needs.

The narrative reveals how mental health professionals maintain stereotypes and prejudices against people with mental health conditions and how these are reflected in their practice through lack of respect and users' dignity.

What Are the Implications for Mental Health Nursing?

This lived experience narrative highlights the need to humanize care.

Introduction

The therapeutic relationship is not always functional in clinical practice due to various factors, such as lack of time, lack of job motivation, exhaustion and rejection towards the person cared for.

Aim

The aim of this study is to illustrate to professionals the needs of the persons they care for and how they see the world.

Method

The aim was achieved through the development of a lived experience narrative.

Results

This lived experience narrative describes the experience of a mental health nurse since her first psychotic symptoms and her perceptions of the therapeutic relationship with mental health staff in her trajectory from the first psychiatric appointment until her last contact with the community mental health services.

Discussion

This narrative suggests that mental health professionals are sometimes far from discovering what service users are feeling and their precise needs. This highlights the need to humanize mental healthcare.
Evaluation of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, C‐reactive protein, and haptoglobin as biomarkers in dogs newly diagnosed with histoplasmosis
Authors: Hernandez Betsy , Jaffey Jared A. , Cohn Leah A. , Backus Robert C. , KuKanich Kate , Hanzlicek Andrew S. , Parker Valerie J. , White Mary E. , Ringold Randy , Westerback Emily , Freilich Leah , Bolch Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Background

Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin (OH)D, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin are useful biomarkers in various infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders in dogs, but their utility in histoplasmosis is unknown.

Objective

Determine if serum 25(OH)D, CRP, and haptoglobin concentrations are different in dogs with histoplasmosis compared to healthy controls and whether serum globulin, albumin, CRP, or haptoglobin are associated with 25(OH)D concentration.

Animals

Twenty‐two client‐owned dogs (histoplasmosis, n = 12; controls, n = 10).

Methods

Prospective case‐control study. Dogs with histoplasmosis were categorized as pulmonary, disseminated, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using modified high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum CRP and haptoglobin were measured with ELISA assays.

Results

Dogs with histoplasmosis were grouped as disseminated (n = 8) and GI tract (n = 4). No dogs had pulmonary tract involvement alone. Dogs with histoplasmosis (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 11.6 ng/mL, 16.8) had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than controls (35.7 ng/mL, 17.6; P < .001). Serum CRP and haptoglobin concentrations were higher in dogs with histoplasmosis (CRP: median, IQR; 63.5 mg/L, 37.1 and haptoglobin: 459.7 mg/dL, 419.6) than controls (CRP: 1.9 mg/L, 2; P < .001 and haptoglobin: 85.5 mg/dL, 106.7; P = .003). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with fold change in serum albumin concentration (ρ = 0.77; P < .001), and negatively associated with fold change in serum globulin (ρ = −0.61; P = .003) and CRP concentrations (ρ = −0.56; P = .01).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Assay of serum 25(OH)D, CRP, and haptoglobin could have clinical value in dogs with histoplasmosis.
Homophily in voting behavior: Evidence from preferential voting
Authors: Coufalová Lucie , Mikula Štěpán , Ševčík Michal
Published: February 2023

Homophily—the preference for people similar in their characteristics—is a strong determinant of many types of human relationships. It affects, for example, whom we marry and potentially also whom we vote for. We use data on preferential voting from eight (1996–2021) Czech parliamentary elections matched with census and administrative data to identify the effect of homophily on voting behavior. The Czech system of preferential voting is well suited to an analysis of homophilic preferences, as it enables us to filter out preferences for political parties and focus solely on candidates' individual background characteristics. We identify the effect of homophily on a sample of 6,844,538 observations from small municipalities that are not likely to be affected by potential electoral list optimization. We find that a 1 % increase in the share of a municipality's population whose education level or age are the same as the candidate's increases the number of preferential votes the given candidate receives by 0.5% or 0.2% respectively. We also find evidence for strong geographical homophily as living in the municipality substantially increases the number of preferential votes a candidate receives.
Combination of GM CSF and carbapenem is superior to carbapenem monotherapy in difficult‐to‐treat spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Prakash Vikash , Arora Vinod , Jindal Ankur , Maiwall Rakhi , Sarin Shiv Kumar
Published: February 2023

Background

Patients with cirrhosis and treatment non‐responsive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) have high mortality. We aimed to investigate whether GM‐CSF can improve SBP response rates.

Patients and Methods

In this open‐label RCT, 131 cirrhosis patients with difficult‐to‐treat SBP (DTT SBP) were randomized to receive meropenem alone (1 g IV thrice daily for 5 days) (MERO Group, n = 66) or in combination with GM‐CSF (1.5 mcg/Kg daily IV till resolution or till 5d) (MEROGM Group, n = 65). The primary end‐point was SBP early‐response (reduction in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) by >25% after 48 h). Secondary end‐points included SBP resolution at day 5.

Results

Patients in MEROGM group in comparison to MERO group had higher SBP early‐response (60% vs. 31.8%; p = .001) and SBP resolution rates (55.4% vs. 24.2%; p = .0003). Patients in the combination arm also had better resolution of pneumonia {8/17 (47.05%) vs. 2/19 (10.5%), p = .02} and lower incidence of new‐onset AKI (15.4% vs. 31.8%, p = .02), HE (18.5% vs. 34.8%, p = .04) and infections (21.5% vs. 37.9%, p = .05). In comparison to MERO group, 7‐day survival was higher in MEROGM group (89.2% vs. 78.7%, p = .03), though the 28‐day survival was comparable (78.4% vs. 71.2%; p = .66). None of the patients developed treatment‐related severe adverse effects requiring discontinuation of therapy.

Conclusions

The addition of GM‐CSF to meropenem significantly improves response rates in DTT SBP patients within 48 h. Early use of GMCSF modulates host immune response, and enhances antibiotic response with higher SBP resolution. The use of GMCSF needs to be considered in combating difficult SBP in cirrhosis patients.
Tracking population structure and phenology through time using ancient genomes from waterlogged white oak wood
Authors: Wagner Stefanie , Seguin‐Orlando Andaine , Leplé Jean‐Charles , Leroy Thibault , Lalanne Céline , Labadie Karine , Aury Jean‐Marc , Poirier Sandy , Wincker Patrick , Plomion Christophe , Kremer Antoine , Orlando Ludovic
Published: February 2023

Whole genome characterizations of crop plants based on ancient DNA have provided unique keys for a better understanding of the evolutionary origins of modern cultivars, the pace and mode of selection underlying their adaptation to new environments and the production of phenotypes of interest. Although forests are among the most biologically rich ecosystems on earth and represent a fundamental resource for human societies, no ancient genome sequences have been generated for trees. This contrasts with the generation of multiple ancient reference genomes for important crops. Here, we sequenced the first ancient tree genomes using two white oak wood remains from Germany dating to the Last Little Ice Age (15th century CE, 7.3× and 4.0×) and one from France dating to the Bronze Age (1700 BCE, 3.4×). We assessed the underlying species and identified one medieval remains as a hybrid between two common oak species (Quercus robur and Q. petraea) and the other two remains as Q. robur. We found that diversity at the global genome level had not changed over time. However, exploratory analyses suggested that a reduction of diversity took place at different time periods. Finally, we determined the timing of leaf unfolding for ancient trees for the first time. The study extends the application of ancient wood beyond the classical proxies of dendroclimatology, dendrochronology, dendroarchaeology and dendroecology, thereby enhancing resolution of inferences on the responses of forest ecosystems to past environmental changes, epidemics and silvicultural practices.
Nurse delivered medication safety screening program for home care visits
Authors: Eukel Heidi N. , Steig Jayme , Hodges Alyssa , O'Gary Brianna , Strand Mark A.
Published: February 2023

Home care clients have safety barriers related to medication storage, disposal, and safe use of opioids. Limited research is available regarding medication safety initiatives in the home care setting. This study evaluates a medication safety initiative, linked with opioid misuse and overdose prevention screening, for home care clients with different levels of service. Training and screening tools designed for community pharmacies by the Opioid & Naloxone Education (ONE) Program were modified for use by home health nurses. All new admits to the home health services were screened for medication storage, medication disposal, and use of pain medications. Patients taking opioids were screened for opioid‐specific risks. Interventions based on screening results included education, provision of medication lock boxes, drug disposal packets, and/or naloxone. Most home care clients (85%) are properly storing their medication and 38% were not properly disposing unused medications. Higher levels of care had greater pain medication needs, including the provision of naloxone. This study demonstrates the opportunity to incorporate medication safety screening into nursing home health visits.
An updated assessment of the soybean–Phytophthora sojae pathosystem
Authors: Hale Brett , Brown Edward , Wijeratne Asela
Published: February 2023

Filamentous disease‐causing agents (e.g., fungi and oomycetes) constitute a diverse, widely distributed group of plant pathogens that continually threaten crop production. A prominent example is Phytophthora sojae, a pathogenic oomycete that renders root and stem rot in soybean (Glycine max). The expansion of diverse/complex P. sojae pathotypes limits traditional methods of disease prevention and is exacerbated by climate variability. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular features governing soybean–P. sojae interaction is required to preserve soybean yield. This review summarizes current knowledge surrounding the soybean–P. sojae pathosystem with an emphasis on host–pathogen coevolution. We describe innate immunity, novel and well‐defined mechanisms of P. sojae virulence and the molecular basis of host resistance. We then provide rationales for disease management through the deployment of gene regulatory networks and a deeper understanding of the biotic growing environment. Insight herein will help unravel molecular and biological mechanisms of plant–pathogen conflict and has benign implications for sustainable agriculture.
Evolving changes in cortical and subcortical excitability during movement preparation: A study of brain potentials and eye‐blink reflexes during loud acoustic stimulation
Authors: Nguyen An T. , Tresilian James R. , Lipp Ottmar V. , Tavora‐Vieira Dayse , Marinovic Welber
Published: February 2023

During preparation for action, the presentation of loud acoustic stimuli (LAS) can trigger movements at very short latencies in a phenomenon called the StartReact effect. It was initially proposed that a special, separate subcortical mechanism that bypasses slower cortical areas could be involved. We sought to examine the evidence for a separate mechanism against the alternative that responses to LAS can be explained by a combination of stimulus intensity effects and preparatory states. To investigate whether cortically mediated preparatory processes are involved in mediating reactions to LAS, we used an auditory reaction task where we manipulated the preparation level within each trial by altering the conditional probability of the imperative stimulus. We contrasted responses to non‐intense tones and LAS and examined whether cortical activation and subcortical excitability and motor responses were influenced by preparation levels. Increases in preparation levels were marked by gradual reductions in reaction time (RT) coupled with increases in cortical activation and subcortical excitability – at both condition and trial levels. Interestingly, changes in cortical activation influenced motor and auditory but not visual areas – highlighting the widespread yet selective nature of preparation. RTs were shorter to LAS than tones, but the overall pattern of preparation level effects was the same for both stimuli. Collectively, the results demonstrate that LAS responses are indeed shaped by cortically mediated preparatory processes. The concurrent changes observed in brain and behavior with increasing preparation reinforce the notion that preparation is marked by evolving brain states which shape the motor system for action.
Methods guides based on dogma not science: an example from microbiota restoration
Authors: Stanhope Jessica , Austin Jeremy J. , Skelly Emily , Weinstein Philip
Published: February 2023

Methods guides are useful for new researchers in a field and/or more established researchers needing to stay up‐to‐date with the best available methods. However, issues may arise where methods guides rely on outdated methodologies rather than progressing good science. We use a recent example of two methods guides for avoiding contamination in the emerging field of microbiota restoration studies, where ultraviolet (UV) “sterilization” was recommended for sample collection tubes. UV treatment is not an effective method of decontamination and may actually lead to contamination as a consequence of extended exposure to the aerobiome and other laboratory contamination before, during and after UV‐light exposure. Indeed, the use of appropriate tubes negates the need for such decontamination. Although well intended, guidance materials that contain omissions or inaccurate recommendations may lead to inaccurate research findings. This example highlights the important need for such guides to be based on up‐to‐date scientific evidence, not simply dogma.
Trustworthy artificial intelligence and the European Union AI act: On the conflation of trustworthiness and acceptability of risk
Authors: Laux Johann , Wachter Sandra , Mittelstadt Brent
Published: February 2023

In its AI Act, the European Union chose to understand trustworthiness of AI in terms of the acceptability of its risks. Based on a narrative systematic literature review on institutional trust and AI in the public sector, this article argues that the EU adopted a simplistic conceptualization of trust and is overselling its regulatory ambition. The paper begins by reconstructing the conflation of “trustworthiness” with “acceptability” in the AI Act. It continues by developing a prescriptive set of variables for reviewing trust research in the context of AI. The paper then uses those variables for a narrative review of prior research on trust and trustworthiness in AI in the public sector. Finally, it relates the findings of the review to the EU's AI policy. Its prospects to successfully engineer citizen's trust are uncertain. There remains a threat of misalignment between levels of actual trust and the trustworthiness of applied AI.
The portrayal of effectiveness of supplier codes of conduct in improving labor conditions in global supply chains: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Vandenbroucke Sarah
Published: February 2023

Even though workplace conditions worldwide are subject to local and international laws, labor conditions in global supply chains have continuously raised human rights concerns. In response to societal pressure, multinationals have taken on a certain degree of responsibility regarding workplace conditions in supplier factories, notably by adopting codes of conduct. Investigating the impact of this self‐regulatory policy, scholars have examined whether and how codes shape labor conditions at the production level, but the results of their empirical studies diverge and sometimes contradict. To bring clarity to the field and gain an overarching understanding of the impact of codes, this literature review analyzes the question of their effectiveness as examined in 33 scientific papers gathered via a systematic selection of empirical studies. The review shows that supplier codes are not deemed unanimously and evenly effective by scholars and often fail to improve labor conditions. However, a range of factors are identified that facilitate the implementation of codes and ensure its effectiveness. This article develops a taxonomy of these factors and intends to contribute to understanding codes' decoupling and recoupling processes by investigating the gap between codes provisions and their intended outcome: the improvement of labor practices in global supply chains.
Retention in care for type 2 diabetes management in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Garrib Anupam , Njim Tsi , Adeyemi Olukemi , Moyo Faith , Halloran Natalie , Luo Huanyuan , Wang Duolao , Okebe Joseph , Bates Katie , Santos Victor Santana , Ramaiya Kaushik , Jaffar Shabbar
Published: February 2023

Objective

Diabetes prevalence has risen rapidly in Sub‐Saharan Africa, but rates of retention in diabetes care are poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine rates of retention in care of persons with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Global Health and CINAHL online databases for cohort studies and randomised control trials (RCTs) published up to 12 October 2021, that reported retention in or attrition from care for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Retention was defined as persons diagnosed with diabetes who were alive and in care or with a known outcome, while attrition was defined as loss from care.

Results

From 6559 articles identified, after title and abstract screening, 209 articles underwent full text review. Forty six papers met the inclusion criteria, comprising 22,610 participants. Twenty one articles were of RCTs of which 8 trials had 1 year or more of follow‐up and 25 articles were of non‐randomised studies of which 19 had 12 months or more of follow‐up. A total of 11 studies (5 RCTs and 6 non‐randomised) were assessed to be of good quality. Sixteen RCTs were done in secondary or tertiary care settings. Their pooled retention rate (95% CI) was 80% (77%, 84%) in the control arm. Four RCTs had been done in primary care settings and their pooled retention rate (95% CI) was 53% (45%, 62%) in the control arm. The setting of one trial was unclear. For non‐randomised studies, retention rates (95% CI) were 68% (62%, 75%) among 19 studies done in secondary and tertiary care settings, and 40% (33%, 49%) among the 6 studies done in primary care settings.

Conclusion

Rates of retention in care of people living with diabetes are poor in primary care research settings.
Precorneal retention time of ocular lubricants measured with fluorophotometry in healthy dogs
Authors: Bedos L. , Allbaugh R. A. , Roy M. , Kubai M. A. , Sebbag L.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Determine the precorneal retention time of five different ocular lubricants commonly used in dogs.

Animals Studied

Six healthy Beagle dogs (n = 12 eyes).

Procedures

Five ocular lubricants were studied: Artificial Tears Solution® (1.4% polyvinyl alcohol), I‐Drop® Vet Plus (0.25% hyaluronate), Optixcare® Eye Lube Plus (0.25% hyaluronate), Systane® Ultra (0.4% polyethylene glycol 400 and 0.3% propylene glycol), and Artificial Tears Ointment® (mineral oil/white petrolatum). Each lubricant was mixed with 10% sodium fluorescein to achieve 1% fluorescein formulations. Following topical administration of 35 mg in each eye, tear fluid was collected with capillary tubes at selected times (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 180 min) and fluorescein concentrations were measured with a computerized scanning ocular fluorophotometer.

Results

Tear fluorescence was significantly greater with Artificial Tears Ointment® compared with other lubricant formulations from 1 to 20 min post‐administration. Median (range) precorneal retention times were significantly different among the 5 lubricants, ranging from 40 minutes (20–90 min) for Artificial Tears Ointment®, 35 min (20–90 min) for Systane® Ultra, 30 min (10–60 min) for I‐Drop® Vet Plus, 25 min (10–60 min) for Optixcare® Eye Lube Plus, and 10 min (10–20 min) for Artificial Tears Solution®. Precorneal retention time was significantly lower for Artificial Tears Solution® compared with the other 4 formulations.

Conclusions

This study established normative data for the retention time of common lubricants on the ocular surface of dogs, which may be used to guide clinicians with their choice of lubricant and frequency of administration.
Ex vivo evaluation of arthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization in dogs using an intra‐articular aiming device
Authors: Rocheleau Patrick J. , Holz Kali A. , Peura Aliisa H.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To evaluate the use of an intra‐articular aiming device (IAD) for medial shoulder stabilization with a suture‐toggle repair or an interference screw repair using bone anchors in dogs.

Study design

Ex‐vivo Study

Methods

Specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups (anchor and suture‐toggle) with 10 shoulders each. Abduction angles were measured by goniometry prior to and following medial glenerohumeral ligament transection and after receiving arthroscopically assisted stabilization with either bone anchors or suture‐toggle constructs. Bone stock and insertion angles were measured with computed tomography scans. All specimens were inspected by dissection.

Results

Abduction angles increased post‐transection in both groups, and were restored to normal in the anchor group, but 2° smaller than normal in the suture‐toggle group following stabilization. Median magnitude of bone stock surrounding all tunnels ranged between 5.9 and 12.9 mm in the anchor group and 8.8 and 15.6 mm in the suture‐toggle group (p = .002). Median insertion angles at the cranial glenoid, caudal glenoid, and humerus were 17.3°, 36.8 ° and 43.4° in the anchor group, respectively, and median insertion angles at the glenoid and humerus were 38.2° and 35.6° in the suture‐toggle group, respectively (p = .91). Placement of anchors were not feasible in 3 specimens in the anchor group, and mild violations of the articular surfaces were detected in 3 specimens overall.

Conclusion

Arthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization with an IAD was feasible in canine cadavers.

Clinical Significance

An IAD may facilitate arthroscopic shoulder stabilization in dogs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate safety and efficacy in a clinical setting.
Heterogenous expression of endocrine and progenitor cells within the neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes–Implications for neonatal porcine islet xenotransplantation
Authors: Seeberger Karen L , Salama Bassem F , Kelly Sandra , Rosko Mandy , Castro Chelsea , DesAulniers Jessica , Korbutt Gregory S
Published: February 2023

Neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) are a source of islets for xenotransplantation. In the pig, the pancreatic lobes remain separate, thus, when optimizing NPI isolation, the pancreatic lobes included in the pancreatic digest should be specified. These lobes are the duodenal (DL), splenic (SL) and connecting (CL) lobe that correspond to the head, body‐tail, and uncinate process of the human pancreas. In this study we are the first to evaluate all three neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes and NPIs isolated from these lobes. We report, a significant difference in endocrine and progenitor cell composition between lobes, and observed pancreatic duct glands (PDG) within the mesenchyme surrounding exocrine ducts in the DL and CL. Following in vitro differentiation, NPIs isolated from each lobe differed significantly in the percent increase of endocrine cells and final cell composition. Compared to other recipients, diabetic immunodeficient mice transplanted with NPIs isolated from the SL demonstrated euglycemic control as early as 4 weeks (p < 0.05) and achieved normoglycemia by 6 weeks post‐transplant (p < 0.01). For the first time we report significant differences between the neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes and demonstrate that NPIs from these lobes differ in xenograft function.
On the Milnor number of non‐isolated singularities of holomorphic foliations and its topological invariance
Authors: Fernández‐Pérez Arturo , Costa Gilcione Nonato , Bazán Rudy Rosas
Published: February 2023

We define the Milnor number of a one‐dimensional holomorphic foliation as the intersection number of two holomorphic sections with respect to a compact connected component of its singular set. Under certain conditions, we prove that the Milnor number of on a three‐dimensional manifold with respect to is invariant by topological equivalences.
Ultrasound guided Interpectoral, Pectoserratus and Serratus anterior plane blocks
Authors: Armissoglio Geraldine , Serchan Paschalitsa , Griseto Laura , Iohom Gabriella
Published: February 2023

Interpectoral, Pectoserratus and Serratus anterior plane blocks are relatively recent fascial plane blocks performed with ultrasound guidance to provide analgesia of the anterior thoracic wall. They have been mainly used in breast surgery and are both safe and easy to perform. This review will focus on the technique of ultrasound guided Interpectoral, Pectoserratus and Serratus anterior plane blocks.
Ultrasound-guided versus computed tomography-controlled periradicular injections of the first sacral nerve: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Plaikner Michaela , Kögl Nikolaus , Gruber Hannes , Bale Reto , Ho Wing Mann , Skalla-Oberherber Elisabeth , Loizides Alexander
Published: February 2023

Aim: To compare ultrasound (US)-guided versus computed tomography (CT)-controlled periradicular injections of the first sacral spinal (S1) nerve in a prospective randomized clinical trial.Materials and methods: Thirty-nine patients with S1-radiculopathy were consecutively enrolled for 40 periradicular injections and assigned to an US or CT guided group. Needle position after US-assisted placement was controlled by a low-dose CT-scan. Accessibility, accuracy, and intervention time were compared. The overall effect on pain was matched evaluating the visual analog scale (VAS) decrease before and one month after the intervention.Results: The mean intervention time was lower in the US-group compared to the CT-group: 4.4±3.46 min (1.3-13.2) vs. 6.5±3.03 min (2.4-12.5). Using CT-controlled infiltration the mean number of needle passes was with 1.15 higher than utilizing US-guidance. The therapeutic effect (mean difference between pre- and post-intervention, VAS scores) for the CT-group was 4.85±2.52 and for the US-group 4.55±2.74 with no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.7).Conclusion: US-controlled infiltrations of the first sacral nerve show a similar therapeutic effect to the time consuming, and ionizing CT-controlled injections and result in a significant reduction of procedure expenditure and avoidance of radiation.
Educación, género y desarrollo: deconstruyendo la teoría del cambio
Authors:   Universitat de Girona, Castellsagué Alba
Published: February 2023

En este breve artículo se problematiza la teoría del cambio de que la educación contribuye al empoderamiento de las mujeres, a partir del conocimiento etnográfico entre comunidades Sherpa en Nepal.
La deriva psicologista
Authors:   Universidad de Barcelona, Bertolin Ros Patricia
Published: February 2023

En las sociedades de capitalismo avanzado, estamos asistiendo a una profunda psicologización, haciendo aparecer las desigualdades estructurales como problemáticas psicológicas e individuales.
Baile, Discoteca Y Casillas: Evolución en los modos de ocio nocturno de los jóvenes de Alcoba de los Montes (Ciudad Real).
Authors: Campos Díez Miguel Angel
Published: February 2023

Cómo la despoblación rural influye también en los hábitos de ocio de los jóvenes. Generando recursos nuevos para cubrir sus necesidades.
Foraging behavior of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feed on the invasive pest Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato
Authors: Shirvani Zeinab , Döker Ismail , Karut Kamil , Kazak Cengiz
Published: February 2023

The invasive tomato spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the major pests of the solanaceous plants worldwide. The phytoseiid predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is one of the most commonly used predatory mites for augmentative biological control of several important pests in protected crops. Despite its frequent usage in a range of greenhouse crops including tomatoes, several biological characteristics and foraging behaviors of this predator such as functional and numerical responses, have not been studied on T. evansi. In this study, the functional and numerical responses of A. swirskii to four different biological stages (eggs, larvae, protonymphs and deutonymphs) of T. evansi were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The significantly negative P1 values and the type of functional response curves clearly indicate that A. swirskii exhibited a Type II functional response to T. evansi regardless of prey stage. The highest attack rate (α=0.070 h-1) and the shortest handling time (Th=0.426 h) were determined when the predator fed on protonymph and larva, respectively. The highest daily mean number of eggs (1.10±0.10) laid by A. swirskii was obtained at 120 egg density. No significant difference was determined in egg production of the predatory mite among different life stages within the same prey density except 10 prey density. In addition, there was also no difference among prey densities within the same biological stage, except egg stage. According to the results, A. swirskii may not be directly recommended for the biological control of T. evansi on tomato.  However, when its inundative release is considered, it may help and improve the success of biological control of T. evansi, especially at early stages of infestations.
Outdoor Physical Activity and Play Among Canadian Children and Youth With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the National Physical Activity Measurement Study
Authors: Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P. , Mitra Raktim , Sharma Ritu , Moore Sarah A.
Published: February 2023

This study explored the association between socioecological factors and outdoor physical activity (PA) and play in children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents (N = 133) completed a survey to report changes in their child’s outdoor PA and play during the pandemic (from prepandemic levels), and child, household, and neighborhood environment factors. Children with a PA-supporting parent and from multichild and White households had lower odds of reporting decreased outdoor PA. Children from multichild, higher income, married couple households and a PA-supporting parent had lower odds of decreased outdoor play. Living in neighborhoods with higher urbanization (i.e., high dwelling density, street intersections, and land-use mix) was associated with greater odds of decreased outdoor PA and play. Future research that uses larger and more representative samples of children with disabilities is needed to test for the multivariate effects of socioecological variables on outdoor PA and play.
USP47 deubiquitylates Groucho/TLE to promote Wnt–β-catenin signaling
Authors: Kassel Sara , Hanson Alison J. , Benchabane Hassina , Saito-Diaz Kenyi , Cabel Carly R. , Goldsmith Lily , Taha Muhammad , Kanuganti Aksheta , Ng Victoria H. , Xu George , Ye Fei , Picker Julia , Port Fillip , Boutros Michael , Weiss Vivian L. , Robbins David J. , Thorne Curtis A. , Ahmed Yashi , Lee Ethan
Published: February 2023

The Wnt–β-catenin signal transduction pathway is essential for embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling converts TCF from a transcriptional repressor to an activator in a process facilitated by the E3 ligase XIAP. XIAP-mediated monoubiquitylation of the transcriptional corepressor Groucho (also known as TLE) decreases its affinity for TCF, thereby allowing the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin to displace it on TCF. Through a genome-scale screen in cultured
Drosophila melanogaster
cells, we identified the deubiquitylase USP47 as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling. We found that USP47 was required for Wnt signaling during
Drosophila
and
Xenopus laevis
development, as well as in human cells, indicating evolutionary conservation. In human cells, knockdown of USP47 inhibited Wnt reporter activity, and USP47 acted downstream of the β-catenin destruction complex. USP47 interacted with TLE3 and XIAP but did not alter their amounts; however, knockdown of USP47 enhanced XIAP-mediated ubiquitylation of TLE3. USP47 inhibited ubiquitylation of TLE3 by XIAP in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that USP47 is the deubiquitylase that counteracts the E3 ligase activity of XIAP on TLE. Our data suggest a mechanism by which regulated ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation of TLE enhance the ability of β-catenin to cycle on and off TCF, thereby helping to ensure that the expression of Wnt target genes continues only as long as the upstream signal is present.
Flexibility of the Rotavirus NSP2 C-Terminal Region Supports Factory Formation via Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Authors: Nichols Sarah L. , Nilsson Emil M. , Brown-Harding Heather , LaConte Leslie E. W. , Acker Julia , Borodavka Alexander , McDonald Esstman Sarah
Published: February 2023

Viruses often condense the materials needed for their replication into discrete intracellular factories. For rotaviruses, agents of severe gastroenteritis in children, factory formation is mediated in part by an octameric protein called NSP2.
Fragile X-Related Protein FXR1 Controls Human Adenovirus Capsid mRNA Metabolism
Authors: Hajikhezri Zamaneh , Kaira Yanina , Schubert Erik , Darweesh Mahmoud , Svensson Catharina , Akusjärvi Göran , Punga Tanel
Published: February 2023

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens causing various self-limiting diseases, such as the common cold and conjunctivitis. Even though adenoviruses have been studied for more than 6 decades, there are still gaps in understanding how the virus interferes with the host cell to achieve efficient growth.
Evolution of Antibody Responses in HIV-1 CRF01_AE Acute Infection: Founder Envelope V1V2 Impacts the Timing and Magnitude of Autologous Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Kuriakose Gift Syna , Wieczorek Lindsay , Sanders-Buell Eric , Zemil Michelle , Molnar Sebastian , Donofrio Gina , Townsley Samantha , Chenine Agnes L. , Bose Meera , Trinh Hung V. , Barrows Brittani M. , Sriplienchan Somchai , Kitsiripornchai Suchai , Nitayapan Sorachai , Eller Leigh-Anne , Rao Mangala , Ferrari Guido , Michael Nelson L. , Ake Julie A. , Krebs Shelly J. , Robb Merlin L. , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Polonis Victoria R.
Published: February 2023

Development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine will be facilitated by better understanding the dynamics between the founder virus and the early humoral responses. Variations between subtypes may influence the evolution of immune responses and should be considered as we strive to understand these dynamics.
Human Papillomavirus Genome Copy Number Is Maintained by S-Phase Amplification, Genome Loss to the Cytosol during Mitosis, and Degradation in G
1
Phase
Authors: Bienkowska-Haba Malgorzata , Zwolinska Katarzyna , Keiffer Timothy , Scott Rona S. , Sapp Martin
Published: February 2023

HPV genome maintenance is currently thought to be achieved by regulating the expression and activity of the viral replication factors E1 and E2. In addition, the E8^E2 repressor has been shown to be important for restricting genome copy numbers by competing with E1 and E2 for binding to the viral origin of replication and by recruiting repressor complexes.
A Genomic Survey of the Natural Product Biosynthetic Potential of Actinomycetes Isolated from New Zealand Lichens
Authors: Hou Peng , Nowak Vincent V. , Taylor Chanel J. , Calcott Mark J. , Knight Allison , Owen Jeremy G.
Published: February 2023

Lichens are home to complex and distinctive microbial cohorts that have not been extensively explored for the ability to produce novel secondary metabolites. Here, we isolate and obtain genome sequence data for 322 actinomycetes from New Zealand lichens.
Memory Effect on the Survival of Deinococcus radiodurans after Exposure in Near Space
Authors: Chen Yining , Zhang Qing , Wang Deyu , Shu Yao-Gen , Shi Hualin
Published: February 2023

Earth’s near space is an extreme environment with high radiation and extreme cold. Which factors affect the survival of microbes in near space is related to many studies, such as studies of radioresistance mechanisms, panspermia hypothesis, long-distance microbial transfer, and developing extraterrestrial habitats.
Transient tin mineralization from cooling of magmatic fluids in a long-lived system
Authors: Li Yang , Pan Jun-Yi , Wu Li-Guang , He Sheng , Bachmann Olivier , Li Xian-Hua
Published: February 2023

Fertility and longevity of hydrothermal systems are key parameters required to improve our ability in predicting new deposits and directly extracting metals from metalliferous fluids. Reconstructing evolutional trajectories of metalliferous fluids with high temporal resolution is critical for pushing our understanding forward, but this is inevitably challenging because traditional approaches for obtaining this information either have poor temporal resolution and/or bear considerable uncertainties. We present a novel approach (translating texture-controlled information to temporal patterns) to reconstruct the thermal and isotopic history of the Weilasituo vein-type tin deposit (Inner Mongolia, China) at the millennial scale. In situ oxygen isotope thermometry of paragenetically constrained quartz and cassiterite reveals that tin deposition was accompanied by gradual cooling of pure magmatic fluids from ~500 °C to ~390 °C at lithostatic conditions, while fluid mixing and/or water-rock interaction were not required. The system then transitioned to hydrostatic conditions and permitted penetration of meteoric water and further cooling. Aluminum diffusion in quartz chronometry yields time scales of ~50 k.y., ~5 k.y., and ~200 k.y. for pre-, syn-, and post-ore stages, respectively. Our results highlight that the magmatic-hydrothermal system did not form ore minerals for most of its lifetime, with mineralization occurring only briefly (i.e., <5% of its lifetime). Hence, the rates and efficiency of ore formation may need significant revision. For magmatic-hydrothermal systems with felsic magmas being stored at high crystallinity after extensive volatile exsolution, the efficiency of scavenging metals from melts to fluids critically controls their fertility. To directly extract metals from metalliferous fluids, the key is targeting systems with a high degree of magma crystallization (e.g., higher metal contents in fluids) in warm crust (e.g., able to sustain long-lived systems).
Novel mutation in the HSD3B7 gene causes bile acid synthetic disorder and presents as recurrent liver failure in early childhood
Authors: Jebaying Yaja , Kumar Karunesh , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam
Published: February 2023

Bile acid synthetic disorders are rare inborn errors of metabolism, and presentations include neonatal cholestasis, neurological disease or deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins. Affected patients fail to produce standard bile acids but accumulate unusual bile acids and intermediates, resulting in liver failure and complications. Most of them improve with bile acid supplementation, but delaying initiating treatment is detrimental to the outcome.

A young child presented to us with recurrent episodes of acute liver failure. In the first episode, both coagulopathy and encephalopathy improved on supportive treatment, but the aetiological evaluation was inconclusive. During the second presentation, whole-exome sequencing was sent, identifying a compound heterozygous novel mutation in the 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 gene leading to bile acid synthetic defect.
Combination-type periprosthetic tibial fracture: Felix type (II+IV)A
Authors: Pai Satvik N , Kumar Mohan M
Published: February 2023

Tibial periprosthetic fractures are rare but present a complicated problem for orthopaedic surgeons. Literature in relation to combination-type periprosthetic fractures is extremely scarce, and there is limited guidance available on its treatment. We report the case of a woman in her 60s, whose radiographs revealed a periprosthetic fracture of the tibia, which was a Felix type (II+IV)A fracture. The tibial tuberosity fragment was fixed with a cannulated cancellous screw. The fracture adjacent to the stem was managed conservatively as the prosthesis was stable. Follow-up radiographs revealed both fractures to have healed completely by 12 weeks. The patient returned to preinjury functional levels by 4 months. Our demonstrated treatment of a Felix type II+IV periprosthetic fracture could be a viable treatment option for such fractures.
Perianaesthetic challenges in patients undergoing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) placement
Authors: Yeap Tat Boon , Ab Mukmin Laila , Ang Song Yee , Ghani Ab Rahman
Published: February 2023

Patients with medically refractory epilepsy (MRE) are indicated for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) placement. Anaesthesia for VNS placement is extremely challenging and requires several considerations. We present a man in his 20s with MRE who successfully underwent VNS placement. We review the mechanism of action of VNS, anaesthetic challenges and measures to prevent seizures.
Successful outcome in a compound heterozygote haemoglobin E/beta-thalassaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Dubey Kalika , Sharma Charu , Shet Suma , Shekhar Shashank
Published: February 2023

Haemoglobin E (HbE) affects at least 1 million people around the world. The carrier frequency of HbE/beta-thalassaemia (HbE/β-thalassaemia) is highest in Southeast Asia. In India, the highest frequency is observed in the northeast region. Distinguishing between homozygous HbE disease and HbE/β-thalassaemia is a challenge to the haematopathologist as well as to the treating obstetrician because both are clinically and haematologically similar, posing a difficulty in managing anaemia and assessing the fetal risk for the same disease. This article reports a case of compound heterozygote HbE/β-thalassaemia in pregnancy and its successful outcome.
Total colectomy for poorly controlled hypokalaemia due to Gitelman syndrome
Authors: Kawahara Tetsuya , Inazu Tetsuya , Ishida Shingo
Published: February 2023

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive tubulopathy caused by dysfunction of the thiazide-sensitive sodium–chloride cotransporter, which leads to hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia and hypocalciuria. Patients with GS show varied clinical features due to hypokalaemia: tetany, muscle weakness, periodical paralysis and constipation, which is one of the most frequent ones. This paper presents the case of a woman in her 40s referred to our endocrinology department for severe hypokalaemia. After biochemical and genetic analyses, a diagnosis of GS was established. Concurrently, the patient suffered from refractory constipation due to hypokalaemia and underwent a total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, which cured both disorders without any medication for 3 years.
Balloon mitral valvuloplasty: a re-emerging technique enhanced with real-time, three-dimensional transoesophageal cardiac ultrasound/echocardiography (3D-TOE)
Authors: Islam Samsul , Khan Jawad , Khan Yusuf
Published: February 2023

We describe the case of a woman in her 60s with mitral stenosis, rate-controlled atrial fibrillation and a history of childhood rheumatic fever. She successfully underwent elective percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC), also described as balloon mitral valvuloplasty, for severe, symptomatic mitral stenosis. This was completed via right femoral vein access, trans-septal puncture and commissural separation guided by real-time three-dimensional (3D) transoesophageal echocardiography under general anaesthesia.

Balloon mitral valvuloplasty is being completed more frequently in the UK due to the population having a higher incidence of mitral valve disease as a result of migration and as a palliative measure in those considered too high risk for mitral valve replacement cardiothoracic surgery.

Rheumatic mitral stenosis is known to be a disease prevalent in countries of low and middle income and with increased migration to the UK, resulting in an increased prevalence of rheumatic mitral valve disease in the UK. It is estimated that within the UK, one in seven persons are migrants, and as such, we believe it is important to pay attention to diseases which affect the evolving population of the UK.

Technological advancements, including availability and use of 3D transoesophageal cardiac ultrasound/echocardiography, have made PTMC much safer and more effective than previously. Additionally, the multidisciplinary team approach to PTMC is very important to its success. The procedure was completed successfully, with no complications.