bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing superparaelectric polar structure for dielectric energy storage
Authors: Lan Shun , Luo Zixi , Liu Yiqian , Zhou Zhifang , Yang Bingbing , Dou Lvye , Zhang Min , Pan Hao , Nan Ce-Wen , Lin Yuan-Hua
Published: February 2024

To meet the miniaturization demands of next-generation electronics and electrical systems, energy storage capacitors with both high energy density and efficiency have become a research hotspot. Ferroelectric-based dielectrics are primary candidates due to the existence of spontaneous polarization and versatile domain structures. Since domains are fundamental structure units that respond to the external electric field, domain engineering is a general route to realizing high energy storage performance. In this perspective, we introduce a type of dielectrics, proposed recently and termed superparaelectrics, which has ultrasmall polar clusters (several unit cells) and exhibits nearly zero hysteresis and relatively high polarization due to the highly dynamical polar structure. Fundamental concepts of superparaelectricity are overviewed, and representative examples with state-of-the-art energy storage performance are reviewed to demonstrate the advantages of superparaelectrics. Finally, perspectives are provided about the future development of superparaelectric and electrostatic energy storage fields.
Raman spectroscopy of doubly aligned bilayer graphene
Authors: Kareekunnan Afsal , Akabori Masashi , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Mizuta Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

Graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) undergoes significant structural reconstruction due to the formation of a moiré superlattice. Here, we look at the effect of such structural reconstruction on the Raman spectroscopy of bilayer graphene for both singly aligned and doubly aligned heterostructures. The G peak is found to be particularly sensitive to the hBN alignment as it broadens in doubly aligned bilayer graphene compared to that of singly aligned bilayer graphene. This broadening is attributed to the variation in the phonon frequency as a result of the lattice reconstruction of the bilayer graphene responding to the periodic potential exerted by hBNs on either side of the bilayer graphene. In addition, the position of the G-peak and 2D peak follows a slope of 2.2, which implies the formation of strain in the bilayer graphene, validating the argument of lattice reconstruction.
A theoretical study of hybrid hydrogen adsorption: Mg nanoparticle-inserted Mg-MOF-74
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Zhao Yu-Jun
Published: February 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide highly selective catalytic activity due to their porous crystalline structure. There is particular interest in metal nanoparticle-MOF composites (M NP@MOF) that could take advantage of synergistic effects for enhanced catalytic properties. We present an investigation into the local structure and electronic properties of Mg NP@Mg-MOF-74, which is composed of Mg nanoparticles and Mg-MOF-74. A theoretical study on the adsorption of multiple Mg2–Mg10 clusters at one pore in a 1 × 1 × 2 Mg-MOF-74 supercell is conducted, clearly showing that the small clusters tend to aggregate together when stabilized by bonds between Mg and O in the MOF. Considering the size and shape of the pore in the MOF, HCP-Mg nanoparticles with 60 Mg atoms are embedded in one pore of 1 × 1 × 2 Mg-MOF-74 to form nanowires. Results show that the mixture Mg NP@Mg-MOF-74 exhibits a better hydrogen adsorption performance than the isolated Mg nanoparticle, with a considerable estimated theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of 3.98 wt. %. The corresponding electronic structure analysis reveals that the accumulation of charges on H in the hybrid system is clearly enhanced with respect to the isolated Mg nanoparticles.
Polarization switching pathways of ferroelectric Zr-doped HfO2 based on the first-principles calculation
Authors: Dou Xiaoyu , Wei Wei , Sang Pengpeng , Tai Lu , Li Xiaopeng , Zhan Xuepeng , Wu Jixuan , Chen Jiezhi
Published: February 2024

Based on the first principles calculation, the mechanisms of polarization switching behavior in ferroelectric Zr-doped HfO2 are investigated. Seven switching pathways, divided into two categories by the identified orientation of polarization switching and value, are analyzed based on atomic migration and energy barrier. The effects of Zr dopant on switching energy barrier (Eb) and spontaneous polarization (Ps) are analyzed as well. In one of the categories, two pathways with tetragonal-like transition states show low energy barriers and can be further minimized with higher Zr dopant proportion, which originates from the stabilizing effect of Zr dopant on the tetragonal phase (T, P42/nmc). Especially, in the two tetragonal-like pathways, a distorted tetragonal-like transient state (T′, Pbcn) resulting from distinct atomic displacement is transformed to a highly symmetric T-phase along with the incorporation of Zr, elucidating this pathway as energy favorable as the regular T-pathway. This work provides an atomic insight for ferroelectric switching behavior and predicts the probable ferroelectric switching pathway in Zr-doped HfO2 films.
An evolutionary innovation for mating facilitates ecological niche expansion and buffers species against climate change
Authors: Moore Michael P. , Nalley Sarah E. , Hamadah Dalal
Published: February 2024

One of the drivers of life’s diversification has been the emergence of “evolutionary innovations”: The evolution of traits that grant access to underused ecological niches. Since ecological interactions can occur separately from mating, mating-related traits have not traditionally been considered factors in niche evolution. However, in order to persist in their environment, animals need to successfully mate just as much as they need to survive. Innovations that facilitate mating activity may therefore be an overlooked determinant of species’ ecological limits. Here, we show that species’ historical niches and responses to contemporary climate change are shaped by an innovation involved in mating—a waxy, ultra-violet-reflective pruinescence produced by male dragonflies. Physiological experiments in two species demonstrate that pruinescence reduces heating and water loss. Phylogenetic analyses show that pruinescence is gained after taxa begin adopting a thermohydrically stressful mating behavior. Further comparative analyses reveal that pruinose species are more likely to breed in exposed, open-canopy microhabitats. Biogeographic analyses uncover that pruinose species occupy warmer and drier regions in North America. Citizen-science observations of
Pachydiplax longipennis
suggest that the extent of pruinescence can be optimized to match the local conditions. Finally, temporal analyses indicate that pruinose species have been buffered against contemporary climate change. Overall, these historical and contemporary patterns show that successful mating can shape species’ niche limits in the same way as growth and survival.
Reconstitution of ORP-mediated lipid exchange coupled to PI4P metabolism
Authors: Fuggetta Nicolas , Rigolli Nicola , Magdeleine Maud , Hamaï Amazigh , Seminara Agnese , Drin Guillaume
Published: February 2024

Oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins (ORPs) play key roles in the distribution of lipids in eukaryotic cells by exchanging sterol or phosphatidylserine for PI4P between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other cell regions. However, it is unclear how their exchange capacity is coupled to PI4P metabolism. To address this question quantitatively, we analyze the activity of a representative ORP, Osh4p, in an ER/Golgi interface reconstituted with ER- and Golgi-mimetic membranes functionalized with PI4P phosphatase Sac1p and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase, respectively. Using real-time assays, we demonstrate that upon adenosine triphosphate (ATP) addition, Osh4p creates a sterol gradient between these membranes, relying on the spatially distant synthesis and hydrolysis of PI4P, and quantify how much PI4P is needed for this process. Then, we develop a quantitatively accurate kinetic model, validated by our data, and extrapolate this to estimate to what extent PI4P metabolism can drive ORP-mediated sterol transfer in cells. Finally, we show that Sec14p can support PI4P metabolism and Osh4p activity by transferring PI between membranes. This study establishes that PI4P synthesis drives ORP-mediated lipid exchange and that ATP energy is needed to generate intermembrane lipid gradients. Furthermore, it defines to what extent ORPs can distribute lipids in the cell and reassesses the role of PI-transfer proteins in PI4P metabolism.
Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas
Authors: Hübner Valentin , Staab Manuel , Hilbe Christian , Chatterjee Krishnendu , Kleshnina Maria
Published: February 2024

Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for cooperation in social dilemmas. The very logic of reciprocity, however, seems to require that individuals are symmetric, and that everyone has the same means to influence each others’ payoffs. Yet in many applications, individuals are asymmetric. Herein, we study the effect of asymmetry in linear public good games. Individuals may differ in their endowments (their ability to contribute to a public good) and in their productivities (how effective their contributions are). Given the individuals’ productivities, we ask which allocation of endowments is optimal for cooperation. To this end, we consider two notions of optimality. The first notion focuses on the resilience of cooperation. The respective endowment distribution ensures that full cooperation is feasible even under the most adverse conditions. The second notion focuses on efficiency. The corresponding endowment distribution maximizes group welfare. Using analytical methods, we fully characterize these two endowment distributions. This analysis reveals that both optimality notions favor some endowment inequality: More productive players ought to get higher endowments. Yet the two notions disagree on how unequal endowments are supposed to be. A focus on resilience results in less inequality. With additional simulations, we show that the optimal endowment allocation needs to account for both the resilience and the efficiency of cooperation.
Structures of AT8 and PHF1 phosphomimetic tau: Insights into the posttranslational modification code of tau aggregation
Authors: Mammeri Nadia El , Dregni Aurelio J. , Duan Pu , Hong Mei
Published: February 2024

The microtubule-associated protein tau aggregates into amyloid fibrils in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In these tauopathies, tau is hyperphosphorylated, suggesting that this posttranslational modification (PTM) may induce tau aggregation. Tau is also phosphorylated in normal developing brains. To investigate how tau phosphorylation induces amyloid fibrils, here we report the atomic structures of two phosphomimetic full-length tau fibrils assembled without anionic cofactors. We mutated key Ser and Thr residues to Glu in two regions of the protein. One construct contains three Glu mutations at the epitope of the anti-phospho-tau antibody AT8 (AT8-3E tau), whereas the other construct contains four Glu mutations at the epitope of the antibody PHF1 (PHF1-4E tau). Solid-state NMR data show that both phosphomimetic tau mutants form homogeneous fibrils with a single set of chemical shifts. The AT8-3E tau rigid core extends from the R3 repeat to the C terminus, whereas the PHF1-4E tau rigid core spans R2, R3, and R4 repeats. Cryoelectron microscopy data show that AT8-3E tau forms a triangular multi-layered core, whereas PHF1-4E tau forms a triple-stranded core. Interestingly, a construct combining all seven Glu mutations exhibits the same conformation as PHF1-4E tau. Scalar-coupled NMR data additionally reveal the dynamics and shape of the fuzzy coat surrounding the rigid cores. These results demonstrate that specific PTMs induce structurally specific tau aggregates, and the phosphorylation code of tau contains redundancy.
Enhancing chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy by modulating the p53 signaling network with Δ133p53α
Authors: Roselle Christopher , Horikawa Izumi , Chen Linhui , Kelly Andre R. , Gonzales Donna , Da Tong , Wellhausen Nils , Rommel Philipp C. , Baker Daniel , Suhoski Megan , Scholler John , O’Connor Roddy S. , Young Regina M. , Harris Curtis C. , June Carl H.
Published: February 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell dysfunction is a major barrier to achieving lasting remission in hematologic cancers, especially in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have shown previously that Δ133p53α, an endogenous isoform of the human TP53 gene, decreases in expression with age in human T cells, and that reconstitution of Δ133p53α in poorly functional T cells can rescue proliferation [A. M. Mondalet al.,J. Clin. Invest.123, 5247–5257 (2013)]. Although Δ133p53α lacks a transactivation domain, it can form heterooligomers with full-length p53 and modulate the p53-mediated stress response [I. Horikawaet al.,Cell Death Differ.24, 1017–1028 (2017)]. Here, we show that constitutive expression of Δ133p53α potentiates the anti-tumor activity of CD19-directed CAR T cells and limits dysfunction under conditions of high tumor burden and metabolic stress. We demonstrate that Δ133p53α-expressing CAR T cells exhibit a robust metabolic phenotype, maintaining the ability to execute effector functions and continue proliferating under nutrient-limiting conditions, in part due to upregulation of critical biosynthetic processes and improved mitochondrial function. Importantly, we show that our strategy to constitutively express Δ133p53α improves the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR T cells generated from CLL patients that previously failed CAR T cell therapy. More broadly, our results point to the potential role of the p53-mediated stress response in limiting the prolonged antitumor functions required for complete tumor clearance in patients with high disease burden, suggesting that modulation of the p53 signaling network with Δ133p53α may represent a translationally viable strategy for improving CAR T cell therapy.
Hippo cooperates with p53 to maintain foregut homeostasis and suppress the malignant transformation of foregut basal progenitor cells
Authors: Jiang Yu , Huang Haidi , Liu Jiangying , Luo Dan , Mu Rongzi , Yuan Jianghong , Lin Jihong , Chen Qiyue , Tao Wufan , Yang Ling , Zhang Man , Zhang Pingping , Fang Fengqin , Xu Jianming , Gong Qingqiu , Xie Zhiping , Zhang Yongchun
Published: February 2024

Basal progenitor cells serve as a stem cell pool to maintain the homeostasis of the epithelium of the foregut, including the esophagus and the forestomach. Aberrant genetic regulation in these cells can lead to carcinogenesis, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating the function of basal progenitor cells remain largely unknown. Here, we use mouse models to reveal that Hippo signaling is required for maintaining the homeostasis of the foregut epithelium and cooperates with p53 to repress the initiation of foregut SCC. Deletion of
Mst1/2
in mice leads to epithelial overgrowth in both the esophagus and forestomach. Further molecular studies find that
Mst1/2
-deficiency promotes epithelial growth by enhancing basal cell proliferation in a Yes-associated protein (Yap)-dependent manner. Moreover,
Mst1/2
deficiency accelerates the onset of foregut SCC in a carcinogen-induced foregut SCC mouse model, depending on Yap. Significantly, a combined deletion of
Mst1/2
and
p53
in basal progenitor cells sufficiently drives the initiation of foregut SCC. Therefore, our studies shed light on the collaborative role of Hippo signaling and p53 in maintaining squamous epithelial homeostasis while suppressing malignant transformation of basal stem cells within the foregut.
Mapping of American English vocabulary by grade levels
Authors: Flor Michael , Holtzman Steven , Deane Paul , Bejar Isaac
Published: February 2024

We describe a large-scale effort to map English-language vocabulary by U.S. school grade levels. Our motivation is
to rapidly expand graded vocabulary resources for work with native English speakers in the USA, while taking into consideration
school-related influences rather than relying on just the corpus-frequency approaches. We report on the initial effort of data
collection, with mapping of about 22K word forms. We provide comparisons of this mapping to some other recent vocabulary mapping
efforts, such as age-of-acquisition. We then describe the efforts to automatically expand this resource by using linguistically
motivated variables and corpus-based methods. Our current resource maps more than 126K English word forms to US school grade
levels. We also compare a subset of our L1 mapped data to English L2 vocabulary levels, as expressed on the CEFR scale, and find
that there is a considerable overlap in the order of vocabulary learning in L1 and L2 English.
Swedish word family resource
Authors: Volodina Elena , Mohammed Yousuf Ali , Tiedemann Therese Lindström
Published: February 2024

The article introduces a novel lexical resource for Swedish based on word family principles. The development of
the Swedish Word Family (SweWF) resource is set into the context of linguistic complexity in second language acquisition. The
SweWF is particularly appropriate for that, given that it contains lexical items used in second language corpora, namely, in a
corpus of coursebook texts, and in a corpus of learner essays. The main focus of the article is on the construction of the
resource with its user interface and on its applicability for research, although it also opens vast possibilities for practical
applications for language learning, testing and assessment. We demonstrate the value of the resource through several case
studies.
Interests convergence in global human rights politics
Authors: Kim Yooneui
Published: February 2024

What explains the convergence and divergence of states’ interests related to global human rights? This study
examines the dyadic similarity of the language used in the multilateral dialogue focusing on the role of non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). The joint activities of NGOs influence states, and human rights
norms are transmitted through IGOs. Using text analysis methods, the similarity between state recommendations during the Universal
Periodic Review (UPR) process at the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is systematically quantified. Analyses suggest
that a pair of states are more likely to use similar language in UPR recommendations as the number of joint activities of NGOs,
shared memberships in IGOs, and shared experience in the UNHRC increases. The effects are robust even after controlling for
different types of political relationships between states.
HER2 phosphorylation induced by TGF-β promotes mammary morphogenesis and breast cancer progression
Authors: Shi Qiaoni , Huang Fei , Wang Yalong , Liu Huidong , Deng Haiteng , Chen Ye-Guang
Published: February 2024

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and HER2 signaling collaborate to promote breast cancer progression. However, their molecular interplay is largely unclear. TGF-β can activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we report that TGF-β enhances HER2 activation, leading to the activation of MAPK and AKT. This process depends on the TGF-β type I receptor TβRI kinase activity. TβRI phosphorylates HER2 at Ser779, promoting Y1248 phosphorylation and HER2 activation. Mice with HER2 S779A mutation display impaired mammary morphogenesis, reduced ductal elongation, and branching. Furthermore, wild-type HER2, but not S779A mutant, promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and lung metastasis of breast cells. Increased HER2 S779 phosphorylation is observed in human breast cancers and positively correlated with the activation of HER2, MAPK, and AKT. Our findings demonstrate the crucial role of TGF-β-induced S779 phosphorylation in HER2 activation, mammary gland development, and the pro-oncogenic function of TGF-β in breast cancer progression.
Dynein and dynactin move long-range but are delivered separately to the axon tip
Authors: Fellows Alexander D. , Bruntraeger Michaela , Burgold Thomas , Bassett Andrew R. , Carter Andrew P.
Published: February 2024

Axonal transport is essential for neuronal survival. This is driven by microtubule motors including dynein, which transports cargo from the axon tip back to the cell body. This function requires its cofactor dynactin and regulators LIS1 and NDEL1. Due to difficulties imaging dynein at a single-molecule level, it is unclear how this motor and its regulators coordinate transport along the length of the axon. Here, we use a neuron-inducible human stem cell line (NGN2-OPTi-OX) to endogenously tag dynein components and visualize them at a near-single molecule regime. In the retrograde direction, we find that dynein and dynactin can move the entire length of the axon (>500 µm). Furthermore, LIS1 and NDEL1 also undergo long-distance movement, despite being mainly implicated with the initiation of dynein transport. Intriguingly, in the anterograde direction, dynein/LIS1 moves faster than dynactin/NDEL1, consistent with transport on different cargos. Therefore, neurons ensure efficient transport by holding dynein/dynactin on cargos over long distances but keeping them separate until required.
Revisiting loop quantum gravity with selfdual variables: Hilbert space and first reality condition
Authors: Sahlmann Hanno , Seeger Robert
Published: February 2024

We consider the quantization of gravity as an

S
L

(
2
,

C

)

gauge theory in terms of Ashtekar’s selfdual variables and reality conditions for the spatial metric (RCI) and its evolution (RCII). We start from a holomorphic phase space formulation. It is then natural to push for a quantization in terms of holomorphic wave functions. Thus we consider holomorphic cylindrical wave functions over

S
L

(
2
,

C

)

connections. We use an overall phase ambiguity of the complex selfdual action to obtain Poisson brackets that mirror those of the real theory. We then show that there is a representation of the corresponding canonical commutation relations in the space of holomorphic cylindrical functions. We describe a class of cylindrically consistent measures that implements RCI. We show that spin networks with

S
U

(
2
)

intertwiners form a basis for gauge invariant states. They are still mutually orthogonal, but the normalisation is different than for the Ashtekar–Lewandowski measure for

S
U

(
2
)

. We do not consider RCII in the present article. Work on RCII is ongoing and will be presented elsewhere.
A stochastic ADMM algorithm for large-scale ptychography with weighted difference of anisotropic and isotropic total variation
Authors: Bui Kevin , Di Zichao (Wendy)
Published: February 2024

Ptychography, a prevalent imaging technique in fields such as biology and optics, poses substantial challenges in its reconstruction process, characterized by nonconvexity and large-scale requirements. This paper presents a novel approach by introducing a class of variational models that incorporate the weighted difference of anisotropic–isotropic total variation. This formulation enables the handling of measurements corrupted by Gaussian or Poisson noise, effectively addressing the nonconvex challenge. To tackle the large-scale nature of the problem, we propose an efficient stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers, which guarantees convergence under mild conditions. Numerical experiments validate the superiority of our approach by demonstrating its capability to successfully reconstruct complex-valued images, especially in recovering the phase components even in the presence of highly corrupted measurements.
Characterization of real-time cine MR imaging distortion on 0.35 T MRgRT with concentric cine imaging QA phantom
Authors: Marasini Shanti , Cole Mike , Curcuru Austen , Dyke Lara M , Gach H Michael , Flores Rocco , Kim Taeho
Published: February 2024

Objective. Real-time MRgRT uses 2D-cine imaging for target tracking and motion evaluation. Rotation of gantry induced B
0 off-resonance, resulting in image artifacts and imaging isocenter-shift precluding MR-guided arc therapy. Standard MRI phantoms designed for higher resolution images face challenges when low-resolution cine imaging is needed to achieve high frame rates. This work aimed to examine the spatial accuracy including geometric distortion and isocenter shift in real-time during gantry rotation on a 0.35 T MR-Linac using the concentric Cine imaging quality assurance (QA) phantom and its associated image analysis software. Approach. The Cine imaging QA phantom consists of two concentric shells of low-T1 mineral oil and a central alignment structure. The phantom was scanned on three different MRI systems; 0.55 T Siemens Free.Max, 1.5 T Philips Ingenia, and 0.35 T ViewRay MRIdian MR-Linac using 2D balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging sequence. In addition, bSSFP cine MRI with the banding artifact correction was tested on 0.35 T ViewRay MR-Linac. Images from the MR-Linac were acquired with the Linac gantry stationary and rotating from gantry 300°→ 0° and vice versa. Three orthogonal image planes were scanned excluding the 1.5 T Philips Ingenia, where only the axial plane was scanned. The image analysis software calculated the distortion values as well as the isocenter position for each cine frame. Main results. The geometric distortion of cine imaging on MRIs and MR-Linac at gantry stationary are within 1 mm while the substantial geometric distortion of 2 and 2.2 mm were observed on 0.35 T MR-Linac while rotating the gantry clockwise (300°→ 0°) and counterclockwise 0°→ 300° respectively. The average imaging isocenter shift was 0.1 mm for both MRIs and the static gantry and imaging isocenter shift of ≤1.5 mm was observed during the gantry rotation. The imaging isocenter shift decreased by 1 ± 0.2 mm clockwise and counterclockwise with B
0 compensation. Significance. The concentric Cine imaging QA phantom and its associated software effectively demonstrate the image distortion on real-time cine imaging on regular MRIs and 0.35 T MR-Linac. The results of significant geometric distortion with a rotating gantry in the MR-Linac system require further investigation to alleviate the extent of the image distortion.
Low scale leptogenesis in singlet-triplet scotogenic model
Authors: Singh Labh , Mahanta Devabrat , Verma Surender
Published: February 2024

The scotogenic model presents an elegant and succinct framework for elucidating the origin of tiny neutrino masses within the framework of the Standard Model, employing radiative corrections within the domain of the dark sector. We investigate the possibility of achieving low-scale leptogenesis in the singlet-triplet scotogenic model (STSM), where dark matter mediates neutrino mass generation. We initially considered a scenario involving two moderately hierarchical heavy fermions, N and Σ, wherein the lepton asymmetry is generated by the out-of-equilibrium decay of both particles. Our analysis indicates that the scale of leptogenesis in this scenario is similar to that of standard thermal leptogenesis and is approximately M

N,Σ ∼ 109 GeV, which is comparable to the Type-I seesaw case. Further, we consider the case with three heavy fermions (N
2, N
2, and Σ) with the hierarchy M

N
1
 < M
Σ ≪ MM
N
2
, which yields the lower bound on heavy fermions up to 3.1 TeV, therefore significantly reduce the scale of the leptogenesis up to TeV scale. The only prerequisite is suppression in the N
1 and Σ Yukawa couplings, which causes suppressed washout effects and a small active neutrino mass of about 10-5 eV. This brings about the fascinating insight that experiments aiming to measure the absolute neutrino mass scale can test low-scale leptogenesis in the scotogenic model. Further, the hyperchargeless scalar triplet Ω provides an additional contribution to mass of the W-boson explaining CDF-II result.
Early dark energy constraints with late-time expansion marginalization
Authors: Rebouças João , Gordon Jonathan , de Souza Diogo H.F. , Zhong Kunhao , Miranda Vivian , Rosenfeld Rogerio , Eifler Tim , Krause Elisabeth
Published: February 2024

Early dark energy (EDE) is an extension to the ΛCDM model that includes an
additional energy density contribution near recombination. The model was proposed to reduce the
tension between the measurements of the Hubble constant H
0 from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and from the local cosmic distance ladder. Some analyses in the recent literature have
shown intriguing hints for EDE. However, this model increases the tension in the derived
clustering of galaxies (as measured by the so-called S
8 parameter) between CMB and large scale
structure (LSS) measurements. This new tension limits the contribution of EDE during
recombination, and thus its effect on the Hubble tension. In this work, we investigate whether
the inclusion of a general, smooth late-time dark energy modification can increase back the EDE
contribution when LSS data is included in the analysis. In order to generalize the late expansion
with respect to the ΛCDM model, we substitute the cosmological constant by a late dark
energy fluid model with a piecewise constant equation of state w(z) in redshift bins. We show
that, when analysing this generalized model with combinations of CMB, LSS and type Ia supernovae
data from several experiments no significant changes on S
8 and EDE parameter constraints is
found. The contribution to the EDE fraction constraint with late-time expansion marginalization is f
EDE = 0.067+0.019
-0.027 using 3 redshift bins, with similar results for 5 and
10 redshift bins. This work shows that in order to solve simultaneously the Hubble and S
8
tensions, one needs a mechanism for increasing the clustering of matter at late times different
from a simple change in the background evolution of late dark energy.
ULDM self-interactions, tidal effects and tunnelling out of satellite galaxies
Authors: Dave Bihag , Goswami Gaurav
Published: February 2024

It is well-known that Dark Matter (DM) inside a satellite galaxy orbiting a host halo experiences a tidal potential. If DM is ultra-light, given its wave-like nature, one expects it to tunnel out of the satellite — if this happens sufficiently quickly, then the satellite will not survive over cosmological timescales, severely constraining this dark matter model.
In this paper, we study the effects of the inevitable quartic self-interaction of scalar Ultra-Light Dark Matter (ULDM) on the lifetimes of satellite galaxies by looking for quasi-stationary solutions with outgoing wave boundary conditions.
For a satellite with some known core mass and orbital period, we find that, attractive (repulsive) self-interactions decrease (increase) the rate of tunnelling of DM out of it.
In particular, for satellite galaxies with core mass ∼𝒪(107–108) M⊙ and orbital period ∼𝒪(1) Gyr, one can impose constraints on the strength of self-interactions as small as λ∼𝒪(10-92). For instance, for ULDM mass m = 10-22 eV, the existence of the Fornax dwarf galaxy necessitates attractive self-interactions with λ≲ -2.12 × 10-91.
An AstroSat/UVIT study of galaxies in the cluster Abell 2199
Authors: Mahajan Smriti , Singh Kulinder Pal , Raychaudhury Somak
Published: February 2024

We present the newly acquired data for an AstroSat/UVIT field centred on a face-on spiral starburst galaxy UGC 10420, located in the X-ray bright cluster Abell 2199 (z = 0.031).
We have analysed the FUV BaF2 data for this field along with the archival FUV and NUV data from the GALEX mission, optical photometric data from the SDSS, spectroscopic data
from the literature,
and low-frequency radio data from the LoTSS survey, respectively. The stars were separated from the galaxies using the SDSS photometric pipeline classification, while the spectroscopic
redshifts available for 35% of the detected UVIT sources were used to identify member galaxies of the cluster Abell 2199. We find that (a) the non-cluster galaxies are on average fainter than the
cluster galaxies at fixed magnitude, (b) stars and galaxies are indistinguishable in the r vs. NUV–r plane, and (c) bright stars are ∼
 1.5 mag bluer than the galaxies in the FUV–r vs. NUV–r colour-colour plane. Besides UGC 10420 which is the only known cluster galaxy with an extended-UV disk, we identify five more galaxies with asymmetric FUV
morphology and extended radio emission in this field. All the asymmetric member galaxies of Abell 2199, lie within the virial boundaries of the cluster.
This observation, together with the fact that these asymmetric cluster galaxies have low-frequency radio tails or FUV emission pointing away from the cluster centre leads us to hypothesise that
these galaxies are likely undergoing ram-pressure stripping (RPS) under the influence of cluster-environment related mechanisms. A comparison of optical and FUV star formation
rate of UVIT detected galaxies shows enhanced star formation in half of the RPS candidates, suggesting that environment-related mechanisms may lead to a burst of star formation
in RPS galaxies.

Our analysis indicates the presence of at least two more groups or clusters at z ∼ 0.077 and 0.260, coincident with Abell 2199 along the line of sight of the field of view studied here.
Dissociation cross sections of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons with nucleons
Authors: Ding Ruo-Qing , Xu Xiao-Ming , Weber H J
Published: February 2024

We study the dissociation of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons in collision with nucleons, which takes place in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions. The quark interchange between a nucleon and a

c

c

¯

meson leads to the dissociation of the

c

c

¯

meson. We consider the reactions:

pR
→

Λ

c

+

D

¯

0

,

pR
→

Λ

c

+

D

¯

*
0

,

pR
→

Σ

c

++

D

−

,

pR
→

Σ

c

++

D

*
−

,

pR
→

Σ

c

+

D

¯

0

,

pR
→

Σ

c

+

D

¯

*
0

,

pR
→

Σ

c

*
++

D

−

,

pR
→

Σ

c

*
++

D

*
−

,

pR
→

Σ

c

*
+

D

¯

0

, and

pR
→

Σ

c

*
+

D

¯

*
0

, where R stands for ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), or ψ(4415). A reaction of a neutron and a

c

c

¯

meson corresponds to a reaction of a proton and the

c

c

¯

meson by replacing the up quark with the down quark and vice versa. Transition-amplitude formulas are derived from the S-matrix element. Unpolarized cross sections are calculated with the transition amplitudes for scattering in the prior form and in the post form. The cross sections relate to nodes in the radial wave functions of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons.
Mobility and diffusion of intruders in granular suspensions: Einstein relation
Authors: Gómez González Rubén , Garzó Vicente
Published: February 2024

The Enskog kinetic equation is considered to determine the diffusion D and mobility λ transport coefficients of intruders immersed in a granular gas of inelastic hard spheres (grains). Intruders and grains are in contact with a thermal bath, which plays the role of a background gas. As usual, the influence of the latter on the dynamics of intruders and grains is accounted for via a viscous drag force plus a stochastic Langevin-like term proportional to the background temperature T
b. In this case, the starting kinetic equations are the Enskog and Enskog–Lorentz equations for grains and intruders, respectively, with the addition of Fokker–Planck terms to each one of the above equations. The transport coefficients λ and D are determined by solving the Enskog–Lorentz kinetic equation by means of the Chapman–Enskog method adapted to inelastic collisions. As for elastic collisions, both transport coefficients are given in terms of the solutions of two integral equations, which are approximately solved up to the second order in a Sonine polynomial expansion. Theoretical results are compared against numerical solutions of the inelastic Enskog equation by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. In general, good agreement between theory and simulations is found, especially in the case of the second Sonine approximation. Knowledge of the coefficients λ and D allows us to assess the departure of the (conventional) Einstein relation

ϵ
=
D

/

(

T

b

λ
)

from 1. As expected from previous results for driven granular gases, it is shown that when the bath temperature T
b is replaced by the intruder temperature T
0 in the Einstein relation, the origin of the deviation of ε from 1 is only due to the non-Maxwellian behavior of the reference state of intruders (measured by the cumulant c
0). Since the magnitude of c
0 is in general very small, deviations of the (modified) Einstein relation

ϵ
0

=
D

/

(

T
0

λ
)

from 1 cannot be detected in computer simulations of dilute granular gases. This conclusion agrees well with previous computer simulation results.
Selected Mathematical Tools for Modeling in Tomography and Image Processing with Some Applications
Authors: Hjouj Fawaz
Published: February 2024

In this theoretical paper, we propose several useful mathematical tools for conducting research in the fields of tomography and image processing. Several mathematical models are presented including analytical formulation of the Radon transform for three elementary functions. A family of block binary images for testing ideas is explained. Representation of an image using the box function is suggested. This representation allows exact computations for the Radon transform, Fourier transform, moments, and many others. This representation can also be involved in the mathematical arrangements of the iterative reconstruction algorithms of tomography. Overall, we believe that these tools are helpful for researchers in these fields. We show accurate results in several calculations on synthetic images as well the algebraic reconstruction.
Quantum and quantum-inspired optimization for an in-core fuel management problem
Authors: Usmanov S R , Salakhov G V , Bozhedarov A A , Kiktenko E O , Fedorov A K
Published: February 2024

Operation management of nuclear power plants consists of several computationally hard problems. Searching for an in-core fuel loading pattern is among them. The main challenge of this combinatorial optimization problem is the exponential growth of the search space with a number of loading elements. Here we study a reloading problem in a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) form. Such a form allows us to apply various techniques, including quantum annealing, classical simulated annealing, and quantum-inspired algorithm in order to find fuel reloading patterns for several realistic configurations of nuclear reactors. We present the results of benchmarking the in-core fuel management problem in the QUBO form using the aforementioned computational techniques. This work demonstrates potential applications of quantum computers and quantum-inspired algorithms in the energy industry.
Entropy and dimension spectrum of the mean-field spin glass model
Authors: Koukiou Flora
Published: February 2024

A self-contained new constructive solution of the mean-field Sherrington-Kirkpatric spin-glass model is obtained from the study of the behaviour of the entropy of the Gibbs measure at low temperatures.
Description of Parameter Variation Learning with Artificial Intelligence and GeoGebra in Students of a Differential Equations Course
Authors: Olivares Funes Jorge , Valero Kari Elvis R. , Martin Pablo
Published: February 2024

In this era of social and technological change, the advent of AI has had great impact on the lives of many people and especially in the educational field, as mentioned in [1], wich prove that the perceptions that students and instructors have about artificial intelligence are very positive to implement them in learning. In this [2] assert that it is possible to have a collaborations between the fields of mathematics and artificial intelligence AI.
Simulation of Rarefied Gas Flow in a Channel Applying Artificial Neuron Network
Authors: Aksenova Olga , Khalidov Iskander
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the present paper is to confirm numerically applying our ANN algorithm for transitional gas flow between continuum and free-molecular flow. The main advantage of this approach is substantial computing time economy compared to usual DSMC procedure. The learning of ANN is based on well known rarefied gas flow examples, analytic solutions in limit cases, calculations by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), and on quite few Monte Carlo simulations. Our previous results obtained for large Knudsen numbers have been applied near the free-molecular regime. In this region the flow has demonstrated the properties of unstable nonlinear dynamic system. The flow of nitrogen in a microchannel with aspect ratio L/h = 20 and by pressure ratio P between 1.84 and 4.14 is simulated by ANN. This example has shown a good coincidence of ANN and DSMC calculations even in the case when only a small part of original DSMC computation has been applied for learning ANN. Thus, computing time is reduced up to 10 times in this case.
Signal Quantification of Intravenous Contrast Agents Enhancement from Biphase Liver CT Scan Procedures
Authors: Alqam Rawa’ K. , Ahmad Muntaser S. , Mohammad Hjouj
Published: February 2024

In multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) abdominal and pelvic CT treatments with intravenous (IV) contrast media (CM), automated bolus monitoring with a fixed contrast enhancement delay was examined. Statistics assess all contrast enhancement variables, including patient data like body weight, cardiac output, and contrast injection settings. This study comprised 100 retrospective and 43 prospective patients. In the first group, the Hounsfield unit (HU) was measured before, 30 seconds, and 70 seconds after CM. The second group measured age, weight, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and creatinine. The radiographer computed CM time based on HU values around 120. The differences in HU levels across groups were used to create an equation for imaging time prediction utilizing auto-mated bolus monitoring. The Bolus Time Equation’s predictors included patient weight, heart rate, creatinine level, and systolic blood pressure, with 34.9% dependency and 59.1% influence on each variable. The equation is trustworthy since the ANOVA test indicated p = 0.002. The computation and study gave the same Bolus Time value with a p-value of (0.992 > 0.05). The first and second groups exhibited very different HU rates (p-value 0.00). The research found that fixed-time improved more than bolus monitoring, which performed better.
A fold catastrophe potential illustrated with a pure mechanical apparatus
Authors: Fiolhais Manuel
Published: February 2024

We present an apparatus consisting of a bar tightly connected to a disc, that acts as a pulley, free to rotate around its axis. A body is suspended by means of a thread that is wrapped around the collar of the pulley. Depending on the values of the masses and also on the geometric parameters of the various parts of the apparatus, the system may, or may not, stay in static equilibrium. When it moves, the system may perform stable oscillations around stability positions, or the body continuously falls down, while the pulley executes a sequence of complete rotations. We analyse these very diverse behaviours, basing the discussion on the shape of the potential energy, plotted as a function of the angular position of the system, stressing that the experiment provides a very good example of a fold catastrophe potential, besides being funny and pedagogically very valuable.
Conditional entropy and weak fluctuation correlation in nonequilibrium complex systems
Authors: Itto Yuichi
Published: February 2024

The weak correlation between spatiotemporal fluctuations in nonequilibrium complex systems is shown to govern the fluctuation distribution, maximizing the conditional entropy associated with such fluctuations. The result is illustrated in diffusion phenomena observed in living cells. A generic feature of the weak correlation is briefly mentioned.
Lift force on single bubbles in subcooled pool boiling systems: Experimental measurements and CFD simulations
Authors: Ganguli A A , Pandit A B
Published: February 2024

Lift coefficient has been evaluated for a subcooled pool boiling system with water as continuous phase and vapor (steam) bubble as dispersed phase generated on vertical walls with constant heat flux for a specific Rayleigh number (Ra) range (8x1012 < Ra < 2x1013) for the first time. Experimental investigation has been done with High Speed Camera while two phase CFD simulations have been performed using Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The Morton number (M) for this system is log10M = -10.6 and Eötvös number (Eo) range is 0.2 < Eo < 1.3 while the shear rates have been maintained in the range 2 ≤ Sr ≤ 2.8. Bubble size of the bubbles arising from the sites on vertical surface have been determined by both experiments and simulations. The CFD predictions for bubble size and lift coefficients agree well with experimental measurements with a deviation of less than 10%. Further, empirical expressions from experimental data for the estimation of bubble size and lift coefficients have also been presented. The data for lift coefficients obtained is different from the ones of bubbles generated by single sparger in air-water systems.
Rough Surface Aerodynamic Computation in Rarefied Gas Flow Applying the Solution of Inverse Problem
Authors: Khalidov Iskander , Aksenova Olga
Published: February 2024

Most effective method to find the roughness parameters in rarefied gas flow is to calculate them from aerodynamic measurements, solving the inverse problem. The value of the main roughness parameter obtained from the solution of inverse problem is substantially higher (at least 1,25–1,5 times) than similar value of the same parameter measured from the profile diagrams. Thus, the effect of surface roughness in aerodynamic values of rough surface in rarefied gas flow is always significantly underestimated. First main reason of it is the low precision of roughness parameter measurements from the profile diagrams, and the second is based on usual lack of taking into account aerodynamic shadowing effect.
The atomistic model of electronic properties of Al2O3 and ZnO for the calculations of Al-doped ZnO.
Authors: Dadashov R , Voves J
Published: February 2024

The final aim of this work is to simulate the electronic properties of Al-doped ZnO (AZO). The density-functional theory with the Coulomb interaction potential (DFT+U) method was used to specify the electronic properties of wurtzite ZnO: band structure and the density of states. The tool for structural and electronic simulation was QuantumATK, produced by Synopsys. The first part of the simulation was based on the modeling of the wurtzite ZnO periodic cell, which consisted of 108 atoms. We tried to get reasonable value of the band structure, which is from 3.30 to 3.37 eV according to experiments. The implementation of the Hubbard U method requires setting up accurate energy values for localized atomic orbitals. These values will help to establish an estimate of the Al-doped ZnO parameters. The same process was applied to Al2O3-α (corundum) in the second step. Based on this procedure, we have obtained estimated energy values for the 2p orbital for oxygen, the 3p orbital for aluminum, and the 3d orbital for zinc. AZO is used in solar cells as a transparent conducting layer. The percentage of the aluminum doping in ZnO does change its electrical and optical properties. If we can succeed in finding the appropriate percentage of aluminum for the doped material in the model, we can compare it with the experiment and use it in the photovoltaic systems as a transparent conductive layer.