bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural, Thermal and Optical Properties of Rare Earth Doped Lead-Tellurite Oxide Glasses
Authors: W. L. Fong , Baki Sharudin Omar , Arifin N. M. , Mansor Yaakob , Nazri Ahmad , Abbas Bashar Khudhair
Published: March 2021

Structural, thermal and optical properties of lead-tellurite oxide glasses consisting TeO2 – PbO – Bi2O3 – Er2O3, synthesized by high temperature melt-quenching-thermal annealing method were investigated in this study. The role of rare-earth element, erbium ion as dopant into the host glass has affected physically, thermally and optically of the glasses. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by XRD (x-ray diffraction). Thermal exo-endothermic event profiles clarify its glass transformation temperature Tg, crystallization temperature Tx, and melting temperature Tm are exist. Both UV-Vis-NIR optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy have revealed optical energy gap changes due to the structural deformation by the erbium ions. Related obtained glass parameters such as polarizability, refractive indices and metallization criterion were also explained further in this study.
Numerical Optimization of a CPU Heat Sink Geometry
Authors: Bangalee Zavid Iqbal , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Zaimi Khairy , Ferdows Mohammad
Published: March 2021

During its operation CPU dissipates undesirable heat. Therefore, heat sink is very essential in modern computing system to absorb extra heat dissipated by the CPU. Forced convection air cooling is common approach. In the present work, a steady-state convective heat transfer process is analyzed for CPU cooling. A rectangular fin heat sink equipped in a computer chassis is numerically investigated and simulated using the software ANSYS CFX. A two-equation based turbulence model is chosen to capture the turbulence of the flow inside the domain. The overall dimension of the heat sink is optimized for three different parameters of the heat sink such as fin quantity, fin height and baseplate thickness. An optimum fin quantity, fin height and baseplate thickness are found, and, respectively. Two different orientations of fins are also compared. Better thermal performance is achieved when the fin channel is perpendicular to the surface parallel to the outlet. The average temperature of the heat sink is found. It is also predicted that the heat sink studied here is capable to keep the CPU temperature underthat is reasonably acceptable.
Yeni Mezun Hemşirelerde İşe Hazır Olma Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik
Authors: YILDIZ Ayşe , ASLAN Manar
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırma, Yeni Mezun Hemşirelerde İşe Hazır Olma Ölçeği’ni Türkçe’ ye uyarlamak, geçerlik ve güvenirliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan metodolojik tipte bir çalışmadır. Araştırma Konya’da bulunan hastanelerde çalışan ve meslekte 0-3 yıl arası görev yapan hemşirelerden gönüllülük esasına dayanarak 380 kişiyle yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Mart 2017-Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. İşe Hazır Olma Ölçeği 46 madde ve dört alt boyuttan (İş yeterliliği, sosyal zekâ, örgütsel farkındalık, kişisel çalışma özellikleri) oluşan 10’lu likert tipi bir ölçektir. Ölçeğin toplamının cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı tüm ölçek için .94 bulunmuştur. Ölçek maddelerinin madde-toplam puan korelasyon katsayıları .28 – .73 arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin zamana bağlı değişkenliği için yapılan test-tekrar test analizi sonucunda her iki uygulamaya ilişkin korelasyon katsayısı .83 ile .94 arasındadır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini test etmek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçek orijinali gibi dört alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Yeni Mezun Hemşirelerde İşe Hazır Olma Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Suça Sürüklenen Çocukların Sosyodemografik Özellikleri ile Suç İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYMA Derya , GÖKLER Rıza
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada suça sürüklenen çocukların sosyodemografik özelliklerinin suç davranışı ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmış olup, çalışma grubu amaçsal örnekleme ile oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmaya 2017 adli yargı yılında suç nedeniyle adli mercilerde bulunan, gönüllü, veli izni alınmış 213 ergen katılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; sosyodemografik özelliklerden yaş, eğitim durumu, ebeveyn eğitim durumu ve yaşanılan yerleşim yeri ile suç davranışı arasında istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Cinsiyete ve ebeveynle birlikte yaşama durumuna göre suç davranışı farklılık göstermemektedir. Buna göre; yaş arttıkça, eğitim durumu ve ebeveyn eğitim durumu düştükçe suç davranışı artmaktadır. Ayrıca Ankara İli'nin Altındağ ilçesinde yaşayan katılımcıların suç davranışları daha yüksektir.
Ventrogluteal ve Dorsogluteal Bölgeye Uygulanan İntramüsküler Enjeksiyonların Kanama, Ağrı ve Hematom Açısından Karşılaştırılması
Authors: APAYDIN Emine , ÖZTÜRK Havva
Published: March 2021

Yarı deneysel niteliğindeki bu çalışma, ventrogluteal ve dorsogluteal bölgeye uygulanan intramüsküler enjeksiyonları kanama, ağrı ve hematom açısından karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, bir devlet hastanesinin acil ünitesi intramüsküler enjeksiyon birimine başvuran 840 hasta ve örneklemini ise, bu hastalardan güç analizi ile %95 güven aralığında, hesaplanan ve bu hastalar arasından örnekleme alınma ölçütlerini karşılayan 102 hasta oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Hasta Tanılama Formu, Hasta İzlem Formu, Ağrı Skalası, Opsite-Flexigrid Ölçüm Aracı, Hematom Alanı Gruplandırması ile toplanmıştır. Veriler yüzde, ortalama, t-testi, Pearson korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre hastaların dorsogluteal bölgelerine uygulanan intramüsküler enjeksiyon sonrası ağrı ortalaması 3,68±1,54, ventrogluteal bölgelerine uygulanan enjeksiyon sonrası ağrı ortalamaları 2,20±1,53 tür. Dorsogluteal bölgelerine uygulanan intramüsküler enjeksiyon sonrası kanama ortalamaları 0,42±0,66, ventrogluteal bölgelerine uygulanan enjeksiyon sonrası kanama ortalamaları 0,20±0,32’dir. Hastaların dorsogluteal bölgelerinde 48. saatte hematom oluşumu puanı 0,20±0,49, 72. saatte 0,32±0,67, ventrogluteal bölgelerinde 48. saatte 0,04±0,22, 72. saatte 0,07±0,29’dur. Sonuç olarak ventrogluteal bölgeye uygulanan enjeksiyonlarda ağrı, kanama ve hematom oluşumunun dorsogluteal bölgeye uygulanan enjeksiyonlardan daha az görüldüğü saptanmıştır.
A terrorizmus elleni nemzetközi fellépés legújabb fejleményei
Authors: Strauber Péter
Published: March 2021

The author provides an overview of recent developments in anti-terrorist cooperation and designing legal and operational countermeasures under the aegis of the UN, the EU and the Council of Europe.
Implementasi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Berdasarkan Kitab Nehemia Pasal 1-13 Di Kalangan Gembala Sidang
Authors: Sembodo Joko , Prabowo Yusak Sigit
Published: March 2021

Human resource management is a tremendous force that can be extracted and developed for church growth, both in quality and quantity. This research was conducted to determine the tendency of human resource management implementation and the most dominant dimension based on the book of Nehemia chapter 1-13 among pastors of the Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh (Full Gospel Bethel Church) in Surakarta. This research uses quantitative research methods with data analysis obtained from the study of the book of Nehemiah chapter 1-13 and other literature sources, carried out by measuring the application of the theory that has been obtained in the field by collecting data that is processed descriptively quantitatively. Data were obtained from 50 respondents, namely pastors from the Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh in Surakarta. The results obtained are the tendency of implementing human resource management based on the book of Nehemiah chapter 1-13 among the pastors of the Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh in Surakarta on moderate criteria. The dominant dimension in the implementation of human resource management based on the book of Nehemiah chapters 1-13 among pastors of the Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh in Surakarta is human resource management planning.Manajemen sumber daya manusia merupakan kekuatan yang luar biasa  yang bisa digali dan dikembangkan bagi pertumbuhan gereja, baik itu secara kualitas maupun secara kuantitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia dan dimensi yang paling dominan berdasarkan kitab Nehemia pasal 1-13 di kalangan gembala sidang Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh Se-Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis data yang diperoleh dari studi Alkitab Nehemia pasal 1-13 dan sumber literatur pustaka lainnya, dilakukan dengan mengukur penerapan teori yang sudah diperoleh tersebut di lapangan dengan mengumpulkan data yang diolah secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari 50 responden, yaitu gembala sidang yang berasal dari Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh se-Surakarta. Adapun hasil yang didapat adalah kecenderungan implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia berdasarkan kitab Nehemia pasal 1-13 di kalangan gembala sidang Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh Se-Surakarta pada kriteria sedang. Dimensi  yang dominan dalam implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia berdasarkan kitab Nehemia pasal 1-13 di kalangan gembala sidang Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh se-Surakarta adalah perencanaan manajemen sumber daya manusia.
Membentengi Pemuda Gereja dari Ajaran Guru Palsu Melalui Pemahaman 2 Petrus 3:3
Authors: Sahartian Santy
Published: March 2021

Based on 2 Peter 3: 3 latter-day life is the appearance of mockers called false teachers carrying false teachings, namely denying Jesus as a savior, turning the day of the Lord or the day of the second coming of Jesus, and rejecting the Word of God. The lives of these false teachers only follow the passions. Adultery, obscene, all of it to blaspheme the glory of God. To fortify youth in dealing with heresies and living according to lust is to provide proper teaching and formation on the knowledge of Christ in 2 Peter 1: 5-7. The growth of true faith, namely to the faith of virtue, to the virtue of knowledge, to the knowledge of self-mastery, to the mastery of perseverance, to the perseverance of godliness, to the piety of love for you, to your love for all people. Where this love does not demand reciprocity, this love is the love that is willing to sacrifice for the people it loves. With the right knowledge of Jesus, it will be difficult for young people to influence teachings that are not true.Kehidupan zaman akhir berdasar 2 Petrus 3:3 adalah tampilnya pengejek-pengejek yang di sebut guru palsu membawa ajaran sesat, yaitu menyangkal Yesus sebagai juruselamat, memutarbalikan hari Tuhan atau hari kedatangan Yesus yang kedua kalinya, dan menolak Firman Allah. Kehidupan guru-guru palsu ini hanya mengikuti hawa nafsu. Nafsu zinah, cabul, semuanya itu kepada menghujat kemuliaan Allah. Untuk membentengi pemuda dalam menghadapi ajaran-ajaran sesat dan kehidupan menuruti hawa nafsu adalah dengan memberi pengajaran dan pembinaan yang tepat tentang pengenalan akan Kristus dalam 2 Petrus 1:5-7. Adanya pertumbuhan iman yang benar, yaitu kepada iman  kebajikan, kepada kebajikan pengetahuan, kepada pengetahuan penguasaan diri, kepada penguasaan diri ketekunan, kepada ketekunan kesalehan, kepada kesalehan kasih akan saudara, kepada kasih saudara kasih semua orang. Di mana kasih ini tidak menuntut balasan, kasih ini adalah kasih rela berkorban bagi sesama yang dikasihinya. Dengan pengenalan yang benar akan Yesus , maka pemuda akan sulit di pengaruhi ajaran yang tidak benar.
Tujuan Penciptaan sebagai Cara Memahami Keberagaman Etika dalam Kekristenan
Authors: Salurante Tony , Moimau Aprianus , Berek Filmon
Published: March 2021

Moral diversity can be a problem and has presented challenges and opportunities for Christian ethics, especially as it relates to the spirituality of the congregation. The prevalent moral pluralism shows a different understanding of the Bible's contents and the process of understanding God's will, coupled with the emergence of theories that want to make a certain viewpoint. In the process of exploring these issues, the article offers a reflection based on the teleological approach to creationism. The thesis of this article states that the doctrine of creation can be one of the important foundations in shaping Christian ethics in contemporary era.Keragaman moral bisa menjadi masalah dan telah menghadirkan tantangan dan peluang bagi etika Kristen, terutama yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan spiritualitas jemaat. Pluralisme moral yang banyak terjadi menunjukkan pemahaman yang berbeda juga dalam menggali isi Alkitab dan proses memahami kehendak Allah, ditambah lagi dengan munculnya teori-teori yang ingin menyudutkan satu pandangan tertentu. Dalam proses mengeksplorasi masalah-masalah ini, artikel ini menawarkan refleksi yang didasari dengan pendekatan teleologis dari ajaran penciptaan. Tesis dari artikel ini mengatakan bahwa doktrin penciptaan bisa menjadi salah satu fondasi penting dalam membentuk etika Kristen di zaman kontemporer.
OSSOS. XXI. Collision Probabilities in the Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt
Authors: Abedin Abedin Y. , Kavelaars J. J. , Greenstreet Sarah , Petit Jean-Marc , Gladman Brett , Lawler Samantha , Bannister Michele , Alexandersen Mike , Chen Ying-Tung , Gwyn Stephen , Volk Kathryn
Published: March 2021

Here, we present results on the intrinsic collision probabilities, P

I
, and range of collision speeds, V

I
, as a function of the heliocentric distance, r, in the trans-Neptunian region. The collision speed is one of the parameters that serves as a proxy for a collisional outcome (e.g., disruption and scattering of fragments, or formation of a crater, as both processes are related to the impact energy). We utilize an improved and debiased model of the trans-Neptunian object (TNO) region from the “Outer Solar System Origins Survey” (OSSOS). It provides a well-defined model of TNO orbital distribution, based on multiple opposition observations of more than 1000 bodies. We compute collisional probabilities for the OSSOS models of the main classical, resonant, detached+outer, and scattering TNO populations. The intrinsic collision probabilities and collision speeds are computed using Öpik’s approach, as revised and modified by Wetherill for noncircular and inclined orbits. The calculations are carried out for each of the dynamical TNO groups, allowing for inter-population collisions as well as collisions within each TNO population, resulting in 28 combinations in total. Our results indicate that collisions in the trans-Neptunian region are possible over a wide range in (r, V

I
) phase space. Although collisions are calculated to happen within r ∼ 20–200 au and V

I
∼ 0.1 km s−1 to as high as V

I
∼ 9 km s−1, most of the collisions are likely to happen at low relative velocities V

I
< 1 km s−1 and are dominated by the main classical belt.
An Optical Overview of Blazars with LAMOST. I. Hunting Changing-look Blazars and New Redshift Estimates
Authors: Peña-Herazo Harold A. , Massaro Francesco , Gu Minfeng , Paggi Alessandro , Landoni Marco , D’Abrusco Raffaele , Ricci Federica , Masetti Nicola , Chavushyan Vahram
Published: March 2021

The extragalactic γ-rays sky observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) is dominated by blazars. In the fourth release of the Fermi LAT Point Source Catalog (4FGL) are sources showing a multifrequency behavior similar to that of blazars but lacking an optical spectroscopic confirmation of their nature, known as blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCUs). We aim at confirming the blazar nature of BCUs and test if new optical spectroscopic observations can reveal spectral features, allowing us to get a redshift estimate for known BL Lac objects. We also aim to search for and discover changing-look blazars (i.e., blazars that show a different classification at different epochs). We carry out an extensive search for optical spectra available in the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Data Release 5 (DR5) archive. We select sources out of the 4FGL catalog, the list of targets from our follow-up spectroscopic campaign of unidentified or unassociated γ-ray sources, and the multifrequency catalog of blazars: the Roma-BZCAT. We select a total of 392 spectra. We also compare some of the LAMOST spectra with those available in the literature. We classify 20 BCUs confirming their blazar-like nature. Then we obtain 15 new redshift estimates for known blazars. We discover 26 transitional (i.e., changing-look) blazars that changed their classification. Finally, we are able to confirm the blazar-like nature of six BL Lac candidates. All remaining sources analyzed agree with previous classifications. BL Lac objects are certainly the most elusive type of blazars in the γ-ray extragalactic sky.
Kepler-90: Giant Transit-timing Variations Reveal a Super-puff
Authors: Liang Yan , Robnik Jakob , Seljak Uroš
Published: March 2021

Exoplanet transit-timing variations (TTVs) caused by gravitational forces between planets can be used to determine planetary masses and orbital parameters. Most of the observed TTVs are small and sinusoidal in time, leading to degeneracies between the masses and orbital parameters. Here we report a TTV analysis of Kepler-90g and Kepler-90h, which exhibit large TTVs up to 25 hr. With optimization, we find a unique solution that allows us to constrain all of the orbital parameters. The best-fit masses for Kepler-90g and 90h are

M
⊕ (Earth mass) and

, respectively, with Kepler-90g having an unusually low apparent density of 0.15 ± 0.05 g cm−3. The uniqueness of orbital parameter solution enables a long-term dynamical integration, which reveals that although their periods are close to 2:3 orbital resonance, they are not locked in resonance, and the configuration is stable over billions of years. The dynamical history of the system suggests that planet interactions are able to raise the eccentricities and break the resonant lock after the initial formation.
Higher Compact Multiple Occurrence around Metal-poor M-dwarfs and Late-K-dwarfs
Authors: Anderson Sophie G. , Dittmann Jason A. , Ballard Sarah , Bedell Megan
Published: March 2021

The planet–metallicity correlation serves as a potential link between exoplanet systems as we observe them today and the effects of bulk composition on the planet formation process. Many observers have noted a tendency for Jovian planets to form around stars with higher metallicities; however, there is no consensus on a trend for smaller planets. Here, we investigate the planet–metallicity correlation for rocky planets in single- and multi-planet systems around Kepler M-dwarf and late-K-dwarf stars. Due to molecular blanketing and the dim nature of these low-mass stars, it is difficult to make direct elemental abundance measurements via spectroscopy. We instead use a combination of accurate and uniformly measured parallaxes and photometry to obtain relative metallicities and validate this method with a subsample of spectroscopically determined metallicities. We use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Anderson–Darling (AD) test to compare the compact multiple planetary systems with single-transiting planet systems and systems with no detected transiting planets. We find that the compact multiple planetary systems are derived from a statistically more metal-poor population, with a p-value of 0.015 in the K-S test, a p-value of 0.005 in the Mann–Whitney U-test, and a value of 2.574 in the AD test statistic, which exceeds the derived threshold for significance by a factor of 25. We conclude that metallicity plays a significant role in determining the architecture of rocky planet systems. Compact multiples either form more readily, or are more likely to survive on gigayear timescales, around metal-poor stars.
Impact of the Returning Radiation on the Analysis of the Reflection Spectra of Black Holes
Authors: Riaz Shafqat , Szanecki Michał , Niedźwiecki Andrzej , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo
Published: March 2021

A fraction of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of a geometrically thin and optically thick accretion disk of a black hole returns to the disk because of the strong light bending in the vicinity of the compact object (returning radiation). While such radiation clearly affects the observed spectrum of the source, it is often neglected in theoretical models. In the present paper, we study the impact of the returning radiation on relativistic reflection spectra. Assuming neutral material in the disk, we estimate the systematic uncertainties on the measurement of the properties of the system when we fit the data with a theoretical model that neglects the returning radiation. Our NICER simulations show that the inclination angle of the disk and the black hole spin parameter tend to be overestimated for low viewing angles, while no clear bias is observed for high viewing angles. The iron abundance of the disk is never overestimated. In the most extreme cases (in particular, for maximally rotating black holes), the returning radiation flattens the radial emissivity beyond a few gravitational radii. In such cases, it also produces residuals that cannot be compensated for by adjusting the parameters of models that neglect the returning radiation. This may be an important issue for the interpretation of data from future X-ray missions (e.g., Athena). When we simulate some observations with NuSTAR and fit data above 10 keV, we find that some conclusions that are valid for the NICER simulations are no longer true (e.g., we can obtain a high iron abundance).
Dynamical Coupling of a Mean-field Dynamo and Its Wind: Feedback Loop over a Stellar Activity Cycle
Authors: Perri Barbara , Brun Allan Sacha , Strugarek Antoine , Réville Victor
Published: March 2021

We focus on the connection between the internal dynamo magnetic field and the stellar wind. If the star has a cyclic dynamo, the modulations of the magnetic field can affect the wind, which, in turn, can back-react on the boundary conditions of the star, creating a feedback loop. We have developed a 2.5D numerical setup to model this essential coupling. We have implemented an alpha–omega mean-field dynamo in the PLUTO code and then coupled it to a spherical polytropic wind model via an interface composed of four grid layers with dedicated boundary conditions. We present here a dynamo model close to a young Sun with cyclic magnetic activity. First, we show how this model allows one to track the influence of the dynamo activity on the corona by displaying the correlation between the activity cycle, the coronal structure, and the time evolution of integrated quantities. Then we add the feedback of the wind on the dynamo and discuss the changes observed in the dynamo symmetry and wind variations. We explain these changes in terms of dynamo modes; in this parameter regime, the feedback loop leads to a coupling between the dynamo families via a preferred growth of the quadrupolar mode. We also study our interface in terms of magnetic helicity and show that it leads to a small injection in the dynamo. This model confirms the importance of coupling physically internal and external stellar layers, as it has a direct impact on both the dynamo and the wind.
La pandémie de Covid-19 en Inde : peut-on encore parler du modèle Kerala ?
Authors: Madhavan Harilal
Published: March 2021

Le 24 mars 2020, le Premier ministre de l’Inde Narendra Mordi ordonnait le confinement strict de tout le pays afin d’endiguer la transmission du SARS-Cov2. Annoncée du jour au lendemain, condamnant au chômage et à l’absence de revenu des centaines de millions de personnes et laissant les autorités locales se débrouiller pour nourrir les plus démunies, cette mesure a été fortement critiquée tant pour ses conséquences économiques et sociales que pour son faible impact sur la dynamique de la pandémie. Pourtant, parce qu’en Inde la santé est avant tout l’affaire des territoires, les situations y sont extrêmement contrastées et quelques États se sont montrés bien plus efficaces que le gouvernement central. C’est en particulier le cas du Kerala, au sud du pays, un État célébré pour son développement social « sans » croissance et ses politiques en matière d’éducation et de santé. Dans ce texte, Harilal Madhavan examine la gestion locale de la pandémie et ses relations au « modèle ». Il décrit un jeu complexe entre organisation du système de santé, initiatives gouvernementales et mobilisation des communautés à l’origine des succès initiaux comme de l’échec à contrôler la troisième vague de la pandémie, à partir de l’été.
The Pragmatist Demos and the Boundary Problem
Authors: Festenstein Matthew
Published: March 2021

L’argument selon lequel l’ethos et les institutions démocratiques sont, en un certain sens, une forme d’enquête reste l’un des thèmes les plus puissants et pourtant insaisissables de la pensée sociale et politique pragmatiste. Conceptuellement, la démocratie est antérieure à l’État moderne. Or, le projet de justifier la démocratie est essentiellement un projet de justification à l’intérieur et pour l’État moderne. En s’appuyant sur le développement important de l’argument d’enquête chez Misak et Talisse, cet article examine comment l’argument épistémique pragmatiste rompt avec cette conception traditionnelle de la justification démocratique, et comment son penchant à éliminer les obstacles à l’inclusion épistémique fournit des raisons générales de remettre en cause le concept de frontière politique.
L’impossible harmonisation des instruments budgétaires de l’État et des donateurs
Authors: Mathieu Marilou , Lavigne Delville Philippe
Published: March 2021

Le Budget Programme par Objectifs (BPO) fait partie des instruments promus par les institutions d’aide pour mettre en œuvre leurs engagements d’harmonisation des procédures entre États et bailleurs de fonds. Il doit assurer prévisibilité et transparence dans les budgets nationaux et permettre d’y intégrer l’aide budgétaire. Analysant le BPO « eau potable et assainissement » au Bénin, cet article montre que l’ambition d’un instrument budgétaire partagé entre gouvernement et bailleurs de fonds n’est pas remplie, du fait de ces derniers. Une partie des bailleurs seulement joue le jeu de la coordination et utilise l’instrument. Bien plus, le découpage de l’action publique en sous-secteurs diffère entre gouvernement et donateurs, les moyens mobilisés par l’aide pour l’assainissement sont disproportionnés par rapport à la place de ce sous-secteur dans les politiques béninoises. Le BPO « eau et assainissement » est en pratique d’abord un instrument du principal financeur du secteur. Les télescopages de logiques, d’outils et de temporalités dans la programmation budgétaire induisent des contradictions insolubles et induisent des contournements systématiques des règles pour rendre possible l’utilisation des ressources disponibles.
Les dernières forêts primaires de Guinée, un patrimoine mondial en danger
Authors: Akobi Basilia , Poissonnier Ghislain
Published: March 2021

La République de Guinée possède deux des dernières forêts primaires de la planète : Ziama et Diécké. Bien que protégées, celles-ci sont menacées, et avec elles les importantes réserves de biosphère qu’elles abritent, par la pression des activités humaines. D’une part, l’extension des terres agricoles pour répondre aux besoins alimentaires d’une population croissante se fait au détriment des espaces forestiers. D’autre part, leur exploitation industrielle par des sociétés telles que Forêt Forte est susceptible de bouleverser des équilibres fragiles. La région de la Guinée forestière incarne ainsi les équilibres fragiles et les intérêts contradictoires du monde contemporain, entre développement économique, croissance démographique, protection de l’environnement, enjeux de santé publique et droits humains.
Relationship between mental rotation ability, clinical experience and navigation performance in simulated prenatal sonography
Authors: Botzer Assaf , Tepper Ronnie , Wagner Michael , Musicant Oren
Published: March 2021

L’échographie prénatale peut fournir des informations cruciales pour les soins aux patients. Un élément central de cette surspécialité est la navigation vers un plan de coupe cible pour acquérir une image à inspecter et, par conséquent, les déterminants des performances de navigation en échographie prénatale doivent être explorés. Dans cette étude, nous avons testé la relation entre la capacité de rotation mentale (RM), l’expérience clinique et les performances de navigation vers un plan de coupe cible en échographie prénatale. Trente échographistes ont effectué un test RM (MRT-A) et ont été invités à naviguer vers un plan de coupe cible à l’aide d’un simulateur. Nous avons analysé le nombre d’erreurs commises par les échographistes sur leur chemin vers la cible, la durée de leur navigation et leur distance finale par rapport à la cible. Le nombre d’erreurs et la durée de la navigation ont été analysés selon deux phases : Phase 1- du point de départ de la navigation vers un périmètre où les échographistes pouvaient visualiser leur organe cible (c’est-à-dire les os du fémur) et Phase 2- du périmètre à la perspective (plan de coupe cible) de l’organe que les échographistes devaient acquérir. Nous avons constaté qu’une capacité de rotation mentale (RM) plus élevée réduisait le nombre d’erreurs et la durée de la navigation dans la phase 1, mais pas dans la phase 2. Nous avons également constaté qu’une plus grande expérience réduisait le nombre d’erreurs jusqu’au plan de coupe cible mais réduisait la durée de la navigation uniquement dans la phase 2. De plus, nous avons constaté que les deux, une capacité de RM plus élevée et une plus grande expérience réduisaient la distance finale du plan de coupe cible. Enfin, nos résultats ont démontré que le nombre d’erreurs dans la phase 2 était environ 32 fois plus élevé que dans la phase 1, ce qui suggère que les échographistes pourraient avoir exécuté des essais fréquents et des erreurs lors de leur navigation dans la phase 2. Nos résultats suggèrent que les programmes de formation à l’échographie prénatale devraient être conçus pour aider les échographistes ayant une faible capacité de RM en accordant une plus grande importance à la façon de faire des inférences 3D à partir de données 2D et à la façon d’utiliser ces inférences pour la navigation. De plus, nos résultats suggèrent que la navigation en échographie prénatale est un processus en deux phases et donc que les performances de navigation doivent être étudiées en fonction de la phase de navigation. Les études futures devraient tester si les performances de navigation affectent la qualité du diagnostic en échographie prénatale.
A nonsmooth van der Pol-Duffing oscillator (I): The sum of indices of equilibria is $ -1 $
Authors: Wang Zhaoxia , Chen Hebai
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the bifurcation diagram and all global phase portraits in the Poincaré disc of a nonsmooth van der Pol-Duffing oscillator with the form \begin{document}$ \dot{x} = y $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \dot{y} = a_1x+a_2x^3+b_1y+b_2|x|y $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ a_i, b_i $\end{document} are real and \begin{document}$ a_2b_2\neq0 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ i = 1, 2 $\end{document}. The system is an equivariant system. When the sum of indices of equilibria is \begin{document}$ -1 $\end{document}, i.e., \begin{document}$ a_2>0 $\end{document}, it is proven that the bifurcation diagram includes one Hopf bifurcation surface, one pitchfork bifurcation surface and one heteroclinic bifurcation surface. Although the vector field is only \begin{document}$ C^1 $\end{document}, we still obtain that the heteroclinic bifurcation surface is \begin{document}$ C^{\infty} $\end{document} and a generalized Hopf bifurcation occurs. Moreover, we also find that the heteroclinic bifurcation surface and the focus-node surface have exactly one intersection curve.
The dynamic properties of a generalized Kawahara equation with Kuramoto-Sivashinsky perturbation
Authors: Chen Shuting , Du Zengji , Liu Jiang , Wang Ke
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of solitary waves for a generalized Kawahara equation, which is a model equation describing solitary-wave propagation in media. We obtain some qualitative properties of equilibrium points and existence results of solitary wave solutions for the generalized Kawahara equation without delay and perturbation by employing the phase space analysis. Furthermore the existence of solitary wave solutions for the equation with two types of special delay convolution kernels is proved by combining the geometric singular perturbation theory, invariant manifold theory and Fredholm orthogonality. We also discuss the asymptotic behaviors of traveling wave solutions by means of the asymptotic theory. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate our results.
Gamified E-Reading Experiences and Their Impact on Students Reading Comprehension and Digital Attitude in EFL Classes
Authors: Liman Kaban Aysegul
Published: March 2021

The use of computers and electronic devices for recreational reading and for reading in educational settings has gone up significantly in recent years. Whereas the digital revolution is rapidly changing the world, it is also changing education. This study examined the perceptions of the primary school EFL learners in Turkey of their e-reading experiences based on their gamified electronic reading practices in school and its influence on reading comprehension performance in an EFL class. Focus group interviews were conducted to support the data collection process in terms of students' and teachers' digital attitudes. The findings revealed that the implementation of e-book reading resulted in higher comprehension levels and more positive digital attitudes. Participant students showed a preference for printed books rather than electronic books for leisure due to the sense of ownership that the printed text storybooks offered. However, the results indicate that EFL learners' use of screen reading has the potential to increase the digital attitude of the students in educational settings.
Technodiscursive Affordances in Innovative E-Learning Ecologies
Authors: Farias Jailine
Published: March 2021

This chapter investigates the discursive dimension of digital learning environments with a focus on emergent digital language practices and new text architectures. Thus, in order to reflect and characterize these digital language practices afforded by e-learning environments, the authors ground their reflections on the theoretical framework proposed by Paveau to define and analyze technodiscursive practices. How do the platform's algorithmic patterns and affordances shape the way meaning is made in digital texts and online technolanguage activities? Guided by this key question, this chapter will characterize and analyze one e-learning environment—CGScholar—based on the platform's technodiscursive practices. Through a qualitative methodological approach, the author investigates and illustrates how digital learning ecologies designs/programs support the nature and complexity of technolanguage activities, based on Paveau's work on technodiscourse.
Promoting the Effectiveness of Language Teaching Through Online Academic Word Lists and Extensive Reading in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kamasak Rifat , Soyaltin Tugce Ezgi
Published: March 2021

Restricted online class times and limitations of online teaching along with the emotional and psychological challenges faced by students require adequate pedagogical implementations in the COVID-19 pandemic. In line with this requirement, while academic word lists can help students to focus on prioritised vocabulary, extensive reading can create a pleasant reading environment which might motivate students in unprecedented conditions. Thus, this study aims to propose some pedagogical suggestions such as academic word lists and extensive reading which might contribute to language learning performance of students in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Scaling for Meaning Making and Cultural Inclusivity
Authors: Haniya Samaa
Published: March 2021

With the rapid growth of the global movement and technological advancements, learners are becoming more diverse than ever before. Diverse learners come from different backgrounds, including cultures, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, language, or personality traits. These differences even increase in lecture halls and large-scale learning environments and MOOCs, which makes it difficult to accommodate the varying learners' needs. Failing to address their needs and teach inclusively may constitute a common challenge for diverse learners to understand and communicate adequately in the classrooms. To bridge the learning gap, there is a need for pedagogical transformation to ensure effective, meaningful, and inclusive learning for all. This can happen by adopting innovative pedagogies and integrating digital learning tools to calibrate different educational options and integrate multiple paths of learning to meet these variations. This chapter will present the concept of inclusive pedagogy and explore its principles in large-scale learning environments.
Producing Personal Recounts Through Collaborative Tweets
Authors: Castro Vania
Published: March 2021

This study represents a clipping of the author's thesis, and it aims to discuss the production of the genre ‘personal recounts' through collaborative tweets in a Brazilian classroom. This research investigates the online collaboration and feedback through Twitter by English students as a foreign language (EFL). Learners provided peer feedback via tweets to improve each other's personal recounts. This discussion focuses on analyzing the personal recounts production in an EFL classroom located at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) in Belo Horizonte, the capital of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Based on the research outcomes, it has been concluded that digital technologies, aligned with effective feedback and collaborative learning, helped develop EFL writing. It also encouraged learners' autonomy by establishing their effective participation in production and revision in collaboration with their classmates.
Design and Development of Bidirectional DC-DC Converters Using Battery/Supercapacitor for Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Ammaiyappan Bharathi Sankar , Ramalingam Seyezhai
Published: March 2021

In the last two decades the pollution problems and the increase of the cost of fossil energy (oil, gas) have become planetary problems. The automobile manufacturers started to react to the urban pollution problems in the nineties by commercializing the electric vehicle. But the battery weight and cost problems were not solved. The batteries must provide energy and peak power during the transient states. These conditions are severe for the batteries. To decrease these severe conditions, the supercapacitors and batteries associated with a good power management present a promising solution. Supercapacitors are storage devices that enable to supply the peaks of power to hybrid vehicles during the transient states. During the steady states, batteries will provide the energy requested. This methodology enables the decrease of the weight and increase of the lifespan of the batteries. Hybridization using batteries and supercapacitors for transport applications is needed when energy and power management are requested during the transient states and steady states.
Integration Strategies, Challenges, and Merits of Renewable Resources in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hallur Sudhakar , Kulkarni Roopa , Patavardhan Prashant P. , Aithal Vishweshkumar
Published: March 2021

A non-sustainable wellspring of energy is for the most part non-plentiful in nature and can be utilized until they exist in plenitude. As and when the acknowledgment of the decrease of the bountiful assets and natural risks hit, an auxiliary idea of use of non-pollutable-sustainable power sources shows up into place. Different vulnerabilities as for the plan and supplies of a vehicle emerge with less or weakened association of the sustainable assets. A few vulnerabilities will emerge from the capital venture part and extents from the general population and private segments. Another challenge is the contribution of the innovation to travel the flow ordinary vehicles to electrical vehicles (EV) and to coordinate the renewable energy sources (RES), for example, wind-vitality, sunlight-based photovoltaics, and differing assortments of bio-energies to constantly work according to the prerequisite to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG). This chapter deals with the integration and charging challenges and strategies, coordination of vehicles, demand integration, and solutions to them.
Mathematical Modeling of DC-DC Converters and Li Ion Battery Using MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Surya Sumukh
Published: March 2021

In the present work, three different methods for obtaining the DC response for modeling practical DC-DC buck and boost converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) are demonstrated using MATLAB/Simulink. The method of selection for inductor, diode, and MOSFET for a DC-DC converter is discussed in detail. The governing equations for the non-ideal converters were derived using volt-sec and amp-sec balance equations. Mathematical modeling of basic converters was carried out using ‘commonly used blocks' reducing the dependence on SimPower System tool box in Simulink. The non-ideal parameters in the converter caused a drastic variation in the duty cycle and output voltage which in turn had an adverse effect on the efficiency. The transients in output voltages and inductor currents were observed. In addition, a Li ion polymer battery was mathematically modeled. Accurate battery modeling for pulse charging was proposed. A comparative analysis of 1, 2, …, 5 RC pair/s modeling of the battery was presented.
Microgrid-Based Sustainable E-Bike Charging Station
Authors: Bhatti Ghanishtha , R. Raja Singh
Published: March 2021

This chapter focuses on developing a sustainable architecture for public electric motorbike charging stations. Electric motorbikes or electric bicycles (both referred to as e-bikes) are compact electric vehicles which are primarily battery-powered and driven solely by electric motors. This work conceptualizes a microgrid architecture which utilizes the integration of distributed generation energy resources providing the charging station nodes with sustainable power and increased fault tolerance. The charging stations proposed in the study increase the long-time energy savings of the infrastructure maintenance authorities while also reducing reliance on the public grid during peak hours. The photovoltaic-based DC microgrid is integrated with e-bike charging infrastructure, moving towards a future of eco-friendly and power-efficient technology.
Power Converters for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Gayathri M. Nandhini
Published: March 2021

Hybrid electric vehicles have great potential to reduce fuel consumption and palliate harmful emissions for better population health and climate change. These power trains are essential to meet current emissions legislation, contribute to more environmentally friendly mobility and improve air quality in big cities. In the past two decades, due to the advent growth of modern electric drives, battery technology, and intelligent charging methodology, the overall performance of the electric vehicles have improved. Many research works have been conducted to improve the efficiency and reliability. It increases the applications of electric vehicles. Apart from grid power, the use of renewable sources makes zero-emission rate and zero fuel cost. This chapter deals with the role of power converters in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). It deals with power converters used in hybrid electric vehicles, types of battery chargers, emerging power electronic devices, and thermal management of HEV power electronics, which are presented with the simulation using MATLAB software.
The Coding Maestros Project
Authors: Apostolou Peggy P. , Avgerinou Maria D.
Published: March 2021

The Coding Maestros project is the result of music and dance meeting coding through the application of computational thinking in an informal, cross-grade, student-led K12 context. The underlying research goal was for the authors mentoring this inter-disciplinary STEAM initiative to build a shared framework in order to experiment with the application of computational thinking in a series of guided discovery learning sessions and, for the students to develop a deeper understanding of, and benefit from holistic, inquiry-based learning, apply logical, critical and creative thinking to further develop their problem-solving skills outside the boundaries and expectations of formal learning, through trans-disciplinary collaboration. The framework, process, and outcomes are presented in this chapter. The culminating presentations/ performances demonstrated that ACS Athens students enjoyed remarkable learning experiences that attracted and sustained their attention, developed their problem-solving skills, and sparked their curiosity to pursue deeper learning in any of the STEAM-related fields.
MBS Growth
Authors: Karatopouzi Efi
Published: March 2021

Effective teaching can stem from practices and ideas such as attitude towards subject matter, as from being taught ways to understand and practice mindfulness in order to become aware and improve one's attitude. Mindfulness is the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment and non-judgmentally to the unfolding of experience. Research has shown that mindfulness is an important predictor of wellbeing, more positive affect, less negative affect, greater life satisfaction, as well as higher levels of self-esteem and authenticity. People everywhere in the world are suffering from mental and emotional stress, physical pain, disease, obesity, and suffering seem to begin at younger ages. A human body's balance is based on the role of mindfulness in connecting together these three elements, mind-body-soul (MBS). This chapter presents and discusses MBS work with the Elementary School students in Physical Education classes.
Nanosized S-Doped TiO2 with Effective Visible-Light Degradation of BTEX from Wood-Based Panels
Authors: Zhu Huai Qiu , Lou Cai Ying , Liu Fu Rong , Jiang Guo Jun , Ye Xiang Yu , Yuan Rong Hui
Published: March 2021

S-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated by hydrothermal process and post-calcination, and their morphology, crystalline phase and chemical composition were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction. The results showed that S was successfully doped into the TiO2. We investigated the photocatalytic reactions in a simulated environment in tandem with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determinations. The catalytic activity of S-doped TiO2 was evaluated by monitoring the photodegradation of BTEX from wood-based panels, and 95% degradation rate in 75 min demonstrated efficient visible-light catalytic performance.
Subsurface Crack Initiation and Propagation in an Open Dieforged High Strength Steel: A Microstructural Analysis
Authors: Loucif Abdelhalim , Morin Jean Benoit , Lapierre-Boire Louis Philippe , Jahazi Mohammad
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an experimental investigation with the objective to determine the root causes for the cracking of a large size bar made of a medium carbon low alloy steel after open die forging and heat treatments operations. The cracks were observed below the surface during the machining step. In order to understand the mechanisms of crack initiation and propagation, micro-CT tomography and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed. Microstructural damage analysis revealed oxidation of different alloying elements, more specifically manganese, chromium and silicon. The presence of defects in the form of cavities and porosities were also observed at the grain boundaries. Some of the above defects were observed along the crack path, while others were on both sides of the cracks without any connection to them and finally, a third group completely isolated from any crack. The characteristics of the defects were thoroughly analyzed and it was found that the crack initiation could be attributed principally to the porosities/cavities formed during solidification. The analysis also showed that crack propagation occurred during solidification and/or forging and heat treatment steps.