bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Laparoscopy in Complicated Appendicitis in Children
Authors: S Pramod , K Tejashwini
Published: May 2024

Background:

Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies among children. Approximately 30% of children present to the hospital with complicated appendicitis, which is associated with higher morbidity than simple appendicitis. Controversy exists in the treatment of complicated appendicitis in the pediatric age group. The goal of this study was to review the results of laparoscopic surgery in complicated appendicitis in terms of safety, efficacy, and complicationsMaterials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore from 2015 to 2020 over a period of 5 years. All children who underwent laparoscopic surgery for complicated appendicitis (perforated, gangrenous, and mass) were included in the study. Thorough history with respect to symptoms and their duration were recorded followed by general and abdominal examination. Routine blood investigation and imaging were done before surgery. Intraoperative data regarding the type of complication, presence or absence of fecolith, and position of appendix were documented. Postoperatively duration of stay and complications were analyzed.

Results:

Sixty cases were included in the study. The mean age of presentation was 10.11 ± 0.855 years. Of 60 children, 53 were males and 7 were females. The mean operative time was 55.8333 ± 4.806 min. The rate of conversion from the laparoscopy to open surgery was 11.5%. The mean time of duration of intravenous antibiotics was 4.2778 ± 0.446 days. The mean time for starting of oral feeding was 2.8333 ± 0.307 days. The mean duration of hospital stay was 5.11 ± 0.545 days. Wound infection in the immediate postoperative period was seen in 6.6% of the children. No long-term complications were noted.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for complicated appendicitis is safe and effective. Therefore, it should be the first choice for cases of complicated appendicitis in children.
Microbiology of Chronic Otitis Media—A Review
Authors: Swain Santosh K. , Lenka Smarita , Dubey Debasmita , Jena Pragnya P.
Published: May 2024

Chronic otitis media (COM) is a major health problem in the world, particularly in the underdeveloped and developing countries. COM is typically persistent, insidious in onset, and usually capable to manifest deafness and otorrhea. The common microorganisms isolated from COM include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacteroides. Otorrhea and healing of the tympanic membrane perforation in COM is a virtuous circle of events detected by the classic sequence of acute inflammatory change. In COM, a vicious circle occurs when incomplete healing predisposes the ear to further acute episodes, and these occur so frequently that they merge and are seen as continuous and chronic. Conservative medical treatment of COM is required to control active otorrhea. Effective treatment of COM needs a thorough knowledge of causative microorganisms and their antibacterial sensitivity. The appropriate identification of microorganisms and timely administration of antibiotics in COM patients ensure prompt clinical recovery and avoid possible complications. Bacterial predominance and sensitivity to antibiotics have changed over time, so these need periodic surveillance for guiding the appropriate antibacterial therapy. Early and effective treatment is based on the knowledge of causative microorganisms, and their antimicrobial sensitivity that ensures the prompt clinical recovery and possible complications of COM. The objective of this review article is to discuss the prevalence, bacteriology, treatment, and bacterial resistance in COM.
Indications for Percutaneous Ultrasound-guided Renal Biopsy and Complications Associated with It
Authors: Bhat Mohammad Ashraf , Sulayman Shahid , Parry Manzoor Ahmad , Wani Muzaffar Maqsood , Wani Imtiyaz Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Renal biopsy is performed for various reasons depending on the signs and symptoms presented. Although percutaneous kidney biopsy is a safe procedure, major or minor complications may occur. Our study aimed to assess the indications for percutaneous renal biopsy and complications associated with the procedure.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar. Patients who underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy at the Institute between October 2017 and June 2019 were enrolled in the study. Data regarding indications for performing a percutaneous renal biopsy and incidence of minor and major post-biopsy complications were collected.

Results:

A total of 229 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy under ultrasound guidance were enrolled in the study. The most common indications for ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy were nephrotic syndrome (33.3%), subnephrotic proteinuria with azotemia (14%), and unexplained azotemia with proteinuria and hematuria (13.5%). Post-biopsy complications were observed in 89 (37.55%) patients. Minor complications developed in 83 (36.22%) patients and major complications in 6 (2.62%) patients. Among patients with major complications, two (0.87%) patients underwent invasive procedures (embolization and cystoscopic removal of bladder clot) and four patients developed hemodynamic instability. There was no procedure-related mortality reported in the study.

Conclusions:

The most common indications for renal biopsy were nephrotic syndrome, subnephrotic proteinuria with azotemia, unexplained azotemia with proteinuria, and hematuria. The incidence of major complications was low.
Tomato flu outbreak in India: Evolution, epidemiology, preventive strategies, and way ahead
Authors: Kapoor Suraj , Sirohi Manraj , Varadharajan Ashvin , Kandukuri Gayatri
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Just as the world recovers from the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are reports of monkeypox virus infections in previously unaffected regions. To add another communicable and contagious outbreak to the list, India is witnessing many Pediatric cases of Hand Foot, and mouth disease (HFMD)

Aim:

To explore the key Epidemiological aspects of Tomato flu, including the difference between the current outbreak and classical HFMD.

Materials and Methods:

Secondary data from official government sites, press information, latest articles, newspapers, and the WHO website was extracted and discussed in the article. The current Epidemiology of the Tomato flu with a difference from the typical hand foot and mouth disease is highlighted in the study. The most probable factors for the starting point of the emergence of communicable diseases like COVID-19, Monkeypox, and the current tomato flu epidemic in Kerala across the country are also highlighted.

Results:

Total number of thirty-two articles/government/international websites were assessed. The current study highlights the current epidemiology of Tomato flu, including difference from classical HFMD. The most probable reasons for Kerala being starting point of emerging diseases like COVID-19, Monkey pox and Tomato flu are highlighted. Preventive strategies including steps taken by government and way ahead are also discussed.

Conclusion:

The study highlights that Current Tomato flu presentation is quite different from classical HFMD. Surveillance, Screening, Personal hand hygiene, and isolation of cases are preventive measures that can be adopted. It is imperative to raise awareness and promote personal hygiene among children, parents, and schools with immediate effect.
Effect of cloth mask versus N95 mask on hemodynamic parameters, oxygenation, and peak expiratory flow rate at rest and during physical activity in health-care providers: A cross-over design
Authors: BR Ganesh , Jobanputra Devanshi Prerit , Naik Varun
Published: May 2024

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cloth mask vs. N95 mask on cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters at rest and during physical activity in health-care providers.

Materials and Methods:

Hundred health-care providers (45 men and 55 women) were included in the study. The procedure comprised of pre-test and post-test outcome measures like hemodynamic parameters comprising of heart rate,[15] respiratory rate,[16] peak expiratory flow rate[7] and oxygen saturation[7] taken on first day with cloth mask and second day with an N95 mask consecutively. Outcome measures were measured during quite sitting and brisk walking on treadmill, which was a self-paced test. Subjects manually selected their comfortable speed while walking on the treadmill, when exhausted the test was terminated. Comparing values of the outcome measures we found the effect of N95 masks and cloth masks on hemodynamic parameters, oxygenation and peak expiratory flow rate during rest and physical activity.

Results:

This study resulted in favor of N95 masks (P < 0.05). The difference was significant, concluding a slight increase in the respiratory rate (P = 0.0009) and heart rate (P = 0.0001) while wearing a cloth mask in comparison with an N95 mask. Oxygen saturation and peak expiratory flow rate were significantly maintained during physical activity while wearing an N95 mask, compared to a cloth mask (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:

N95 masks should be utilized by health-care providers as, they did not impair respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygenation, and peak expiratory flow rate at rest and during physical activity. In comparison with cloth masks, N95 masks were better in maintaining oxygen saturation and peak expiratory flow rate during physical activity.
COVID-19 and the Prospects for Telemedicine in India
Authors: Modi Pranav , Uppe Abhay , Reddy Nanditha , Patankar Ashwini , Bagarhatta Prateek , Bhrungi Sharath , Gayathri Harshita , Nair Girija
Published: May 2024

Restrictions in movements of all nonessential services have been curtailed in India and worldwide owing to the current COVID-19 situation. This potentiates the use of telemedicine to provide healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Telemedicine which was initially primitive and not very well explored is now emerging to be a safe option for healthcare delivery in the interim. Recently, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India has come up with a set of guidelines that eases both the doctors and patients. The clarity in regulations provides a boost to the existing private startups that were operating under a grey area until now and would also attract investors to provide the required push to establish these services in India at a national level. Hence, if accepted as a standard model of healthcare delivery in India, telemedicine will help address the COVID-19 situation as well as provide healthcare access in remote areas. Furthermore, with millions of people already using the “Aarogya Setu” mobile app, it serves as a potential platform to integrate a national telemedicine service.
Clinical, Biochemical, Genetic, and Therapeutic Profile of Patients with Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Sangwan Sushil K. , Khanna Neena , Sharma Namrata , Agarwal Tushar , Sharma Arundhati , Vajpayee Rasik B.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a rare but acute severe drug reaction associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.

Aims:

To describe the clinical, molecular, biochemical, and therapeutic profile of these patients.

Methods:

A total of 24 acute SJS/TEN patients were recruited during their hospital stay and detailed clinical history and treatment course recorded. Blood samples collected were subjected to DNA and serum separation for molecular and biochemical analysis.

Results:

Of 24 patients, 18 (75%) were females and six (25%) were males with six SJS, six SJS–TEN overlap, and 12 TEN cases. The inciting drugs were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (87.50%; n = 21) followed by antibiotics (66.67%; n = 16), antiepileptics (37.50%; n = 9), and others (37.50%; n = 9). Seventeen patients (77.2%) showed skin eruptions within 7 days after drug intake. Different co-morbidities were observed in 22 (91.6%) and 20 (83.3%) patients showed ocular manifestations. Length of hospital stay ranged from 8 to 55 days, 20 (83.3%) patients were treated with corticosteroids, and four (16.6%) received antimicrobial therapy. Interleukin polymorphisms revealed significantly low frequency of IL-4 in the patients, HLA-A locus typing revealed higher frequency of HLA-A*3301 (20.8%), HLA-A*02 (25%), HLA-A*2402 (14.6%), and sera showed raised levels of granulysin and sFas L in the patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

The preliminary study illustrates the clinical, molecular, and biochemical features of acute SJS/TEN and provides a better understanding that helps to improve patient care at an earlier stage. It also highlights the use of corticosteroids and antimicrobial therapy for effective treatment of patients.
Effect of Phototherapy on Demodex Parasıte Densıty
Authors: Urgancı Tatlı Işıl E. , Bilgin Dudu İ.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Demodex parasites are the most common ectoparasites in humans. One of the factors in the pathogenesis of an increase in parasite density is immunosuppression. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of phototherapy-induced immunosuppression on Demodex density.

Material and Methods:

Thirty-five patients receiving phototherapy were included in the study. The number of parasites in the samples taken from the right cheek, left cheek, forehead, nose and chin of the patients, by standardized skin surface biopsy method, were recorded before phototherapy and in the third month of treatment.

Results:

Of the 35 patients, the female-to-male ratio was found to be 2.1:1. There was no statistically significant difference between the ages of the male and female patients. The increase in the number of parasites in the right cheek, left cheek, nose and chin in the third month was statistically significant; whereas the increase in the forehead was not.

Conclusion:

The results of our study showed that phototherapy can cause an increase in Demodex density, and these findings are compatible with those of other studies in the literature. Since our study aims to evaluate density at the beginning and the end of the third month of phototherapy, it differs from other studies by indicating the effect of phototherapy more accurately.
Salivary Antioxidants Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Shirzaiy Masoomeh , Salehian Mohammad Ali , Dalirsani Zohreh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa, which exact pathogenesis remains unknown. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species could play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the salivary levels of uric acid, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and albumin in the patients with oral lichen planus and healthy subjects.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients with oral lichen planus and 30 healthy subjects, who were matched for age and sex, were enrolled in this case-control study. The salivary concentration of uric acid, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and albumin were examined in these individuals using the spectrophotometry and coulometric technique. The data were analyzed through Mann-Whitney test and T test by SPSS software (ver. 19).

Results:

Salivary uric acid and albumin levels in patients with oral lichen planus and healthy controls were not statistically different (p > 0.05); however, the concentrations of salivary superoxide dismutase in OLP patients (660.4 ± 266.4 U/g protein) and healthy controls (935.73 ± 561.9 U/g protein) were significantly different (p < 0/05). Also, salivary glutathione peroxidase levels in healthy controls (1049.98 ± 964.56 mU/mL) were remarkably higher than OLP patients (244.12 ± 170.78 mU/mL) (p < 0/001).

Conclusion:

The salivary superoxide dismutase concentration, as an indicator of antioxidant system, in OLP patients was significantly higher than healthy subjects. The glutathione peroxidase levels in these patients were remarkably lower than healthy controls. It is suggestive that these markers could be effective in pathogenesis of OLP.
Impact of Psoriasis on Quality of Life
Authors: Agarwal Komal , Das Anupam , Das Sudip , De Abhishek
Published: May 2024

Psoriasis is a multisystem disorder with a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of the patient. QoL in psoriasis is influenced by epidemiological factors, the type and extent of the disease, and underlying comorbidities. Various tools have been developed to assess the QoL in patients with psoriasis, namely psoriasis specific, skin specific, generic QoL, and mixed measures. In this review, we present a concise overview of the different indices and the pros and cons of various tools to assess the impact of psoriasis on patients.
Odd Sites of Parathyroid Adenomas: 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT Pointing to the Right Place
Authors: Aphale Rijuta , Dharmashaktu Yamini , Damle Nishikant Avinash , Singareddy Chandrateja Reddy , Behera Abhishek , Wakankar Ritwik , Kumar Praveen , Bal Chandrasekhar , Khadgawat Rajesh , Chumber Sunil
Published: May 2024

Primary hyperparathyroidism is mostly caused by parathyroid adenoma(s) which are generally localized using routine imaging modalities such as neck ultrasonography and 99mTc-SestaMIBI scintigraphy. However, these can miss ectopic parathyroid adenomas due to their limited sensitivities. These ectopic lesions can later lead to failure of surgical excision and necessitate the need for a re-exploration. 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can help in the localization of these ectopic adenomas due to its superior detection rates and spatial resolution. Herein, we report a case of ectopic parathyroid adenomas that were localized on FCH PET/CT.
Prognostic Strength of CA 19-9, Demographic Parameters, and Maximum Standardized Uptake Value of Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT in Treatment-naïve Patients with Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Fatima Nosheen , Zaman Unaiza , Zaman Areeba , Zaman Sidra , Tahseen Rabia , Zaman Maseeh Uz
Published: May 2024

Aim and Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of imaging-based variables and tumor marker in predicting the progression-free survival (PFS) in treatment-naïve pancreatic cancer (PC) using baseline 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Materials and Methods:

This retro-prospective study was conducted at PET/CT imaging facility of JCIA health-care facility of Pakistan. Total 68 patients with PCs were retrospectively included who had 18FDG PET/CT for staging from March 2017 to December 2020. Thirty-two patients had unresectable Stage IV disease on baseline imaging while the remaining 36 underwent Whipple’s procedure and both categories were followed by chemotherapy with/without immunotherapy. These patients were followed for a median period of 18 months (1–62 months) for PFS. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used for independent predictors of patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics, CA 19-9, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in PFS. Kaplan–Meier’s survival curves were analyzed to measure PFS using ROC-derived significant cutoff values of CA 19-9 and SUVmax.

Results:

Median PFS was 18 months (11-45) with 60% (41/68) patients were either died or labelled having metabolic progressive disease (MPD. Using logistic regression analysis, significant correlations were found for Stage IV disease and pancreatic body/tail tumor with disease progression (odd ratio: 7.535 and 4.803, respectively; P < 0.05). Gender, obesity, histological tumor type, and 18FDG-avid regional nodes did not show a significant impact on PFS. On ROC analysis, SUVmax >5.3 of primary tumor and baseline CA 19-9 >197 U/ml were found to have a significant negative correlation with PFS (area under the curve: 0.827 and 0.911, respectively; P < 0.0001) and no association of age and primary tumor size in PFS. Significantly, shorter PFS was found using ROC-derived cutoff values of SUVmax >5.3 versus ≤5.3 of primary tumor (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.7 vs. 48.5 and 10–23 vs. 41–56; log-rank = 25.014; P < 0.0001) and baseline CA 19-9 >197 versus ≤197 U/ml (mean and 95% CI: 11.8 vs. 46.9 and 7–16 vs. 39–55; log-rank = 38.217; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

SUVmax >5.3 of primary tumor and baseline CA 19-9 >197 U/ml were found to have a significant negative correlation with PFS in treatment-naïve PC patients. Among demographics, only Stage IV disease and pancreatic tail and body tumors were found to have a negative association with disease progression.
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma with Unusual Mandible Metastasis
Authors: Tayyar Merve Nur Acar , Uyanik Ercan , Babacan Gündüzalp Bugrahan , Sahin Mehmet Can , Kisbet Tanju
Published: May 2024

Follicular thyroid cancer is the second-most common type of thyroid cancer after papillary thyroid cancer. Metastases to the mandible and maxillofacial region are rare. Our study presents a 55-year-old patient who underwent total thyroidectomy for follicular thyroid cancer and subsequent radioactive iodine therapy. Sixteen years after diagnosis, elevated thyroglobulin levels suggested disease recurrence. Using advanced imaging techniques – Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan, bone scintigraphy, and posttreatment I-131 scan-an unexpected metastatic site was identified: the left mandibular condyle. A biopsy confirmed the presence of metastatic follicular thyroid cancer.
Incidental Bilateral Thighs Muscular Uptake of Technetium-99m MDP on Bone Scan in a Patient with Left Condylar Hyperplasia
Authors: Viswanathan Rahul , Jaleel Jasim , Sagar Sambit , Khan Dikhra , Kumar Rakesh
Published: May 2024

We present a case of a 22-year-old male patient who underwent a bone scan for evaluation of left condylar hyperplasia. Incidentally, the bone scan revealed bilateral thighs muscular uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate, which initially raised concerns for an underlying pathological process. However, further investigation revealed that the abnormal uptake was due to postexercise effects. This case report highlights the importance of considering benign causes of abnormal radiotracer uptake and the need for careful correlation with clinical history to avoid unnecessary diagnostic interventions.
Evaluation of EMG Activity of Superficial Respiratory Muscles and Vital Capacity Parameters During Different Pelvic Tilts in Standing, Sitting and Lying Postures
Authors: Chaudhary Sarika , Harish C. , Kaur Sharnpreet , Shenoy Shweta
Published: May 2024

Background:

Postures such as kyphosis and lordosis of the spine affect the vital capacity parameters. These spinal alignment alterations may enhance the efficacy of the respiratory muscle contraction and the volume of air available in the lung.

Aim:

To examine the effects of different pelvic tilt positions in varying postures on the vital capacity parameters and respiratory muscles.

Setting and Design:

This was a cross-sectional one-way repeated measures design. The study was conducted at MYAS-GNDU Department of Sports Sciences and Medicine, GNDU, Amritsar.

Subjects and Methods:

Twenty healthy male individuals aged between 18 and 24 years participated in the study. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured using Spiro Excel when performing anterior, posterior, and neutral pelvic tilts in standing, sitting, and lying postures, and their superficial respiratory muscle activity was measured with surface electromyography.

Statistical Analysis:

Repeated measures analysis of variance was applied and Bonferroni correction was used for post hoc analysis.

Results:

There was a significant difference in FVC and FEV1 during standing, sitting, and lying postures in all pelvic tilts, with the highest in sitting. Whereas, FEV1/FVC showed a significant difference when performing anterior and posterior tilts in standing, sitting, and lying, with the highest in standing. Increase in PEF was only seen in posterior pelvic tilt in sitting. External oblique muscle showed a significant activity in standing, lying, and sitting with varying pelvic tilts.

Conclusion:

The sitting posture could be more effective for pulmonary rehabilitation due to increased vital capacity, followed by standing and lying.
Students Perception on Resumption of Offline Classes During the Pandemic Using College Reopening Survey Questionnaire
Authors: Chitra Jeba , Anoop Akshita , Haldankar Ankita
Published: May 2024

Context:

Due to the CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, educational institutions in India have been considering various online methods as part of teaching and learning. When the guidelines to resume offline classes were issued by the government, it was an uphill task in maintaining the course delivery while ensuring the safety of the students and faculty. This was associated with different perceptions and opinions toward the reopening of the colleges of students and parents.

Aims:

To assess student's perception on resuming offline classes among the pandemic using college reopening survey questionnaire.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was done on undergraduate students from the Health Science University of Belagavi, Karnataka.

Subjects and Methods:

An Internet-Based Survey of undergraduate students was undertaken. A college reopening survey questionnaire which comprised 13 questions, was developed and e-mailed to 401 health science students using Google Forms to assess student's perception on resumption of offline classes among the pandemic. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were also studied.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The perception was assessed as frequency, percentage of responses in addition to Cronbach's alpha values for validity and reliability of the questionnaire.

Results:

The study showed favorable perception of 80% of students favoring to resume offline classes in the situation of the pandemic, which was consistent across the genders, year of education, and course. The score for reliability and validity was 0.803, which is statistically excellent.

Conclusions:

Students showed favorable perceptions on resuming offline classes among the pandemic.
A Shifting Paradigm from Human Intelligence to Artificial Intelligence in Rehabilitation
Authors: Pattanshetty Renu B. , Khan Saira
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a collection of intelligent processes and behaviors developed by computer models and technology. Health organizations have initiated the partnership with various technology companies to enhance the usage of AI in the health-care sector. It is now widely used in various medical applications such as the disease treatment, screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and rehabilitation. Human intelligence in conjunction with intelligent algorithms has shown to be helpful in better clinical practice. The technology and methods described in this study are some of the features that open up fields for improving rehabilitation services and research in the health-care system. Newer technologies are always trying to connect the human brain and computer, so the “AI brain” may contribute to improve health-care services in a quality manner including to all rehabilitative professionals, caregivers, and clients.
Effectiveness of Mental Practice on Balance in Normal Young Adults
Authors: Kulkarni Manjiri Ajit , Rawal Vidhi T
Published: May 2024

Context:

Mental practice (MP) is a method in which, mental imagery is used to train the performance of a task without performing any visible physical practice. The effects of the MP are dependent on factors such as the characteristics of the learner and the task, practice settings, the learning phase, and form of MP. Balance is defined as the condition of an object when the resultant load actions (forces or movement) acting upon it are zero. Good balance is important for many activities. Exercises that improve balance can help prevent falls. There are limited studies which focus on the effect of MP on balance using clinical tests for balance assessment. Hence, the aim of the study is to find the effectiveness of MP on balance using the clinical test on normal younger adults.

Aim:

To compare the effects of MP and balance training on Unipedal Stand Test, 1 Repetition Maximum and modified Clinical test for sensory interaction on balance in younger adults.

Materials and Methods:

60 subjects who followed inclusion criteria were taken and divided into experimental and control groups (n = 30) respectively. The experimental group was given MP and balance training whereas the control group received only balance training for 4 weeks. Outcome measures were assessed before and after the intervention.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Intergroup analysis was done by MannWhitney U-test and within group analysis were done by Wilcoxon rank test for all outcome measures with pre, post data. The results showed significant improvement in balance, ankle muscular strength, and sensory organization in the experimental group.

Conclusion:

This study shows that MP in combination with the balance training leads to improvement in balance in normal younger adults.
Internet of Things (IoT) Adoption Model for Early Identification and Monitoring of COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Shanbehzadeh Mostafa , Nopour Raoof , Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi
Published: May 2024

Background:

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a mysterious and highly infectious disease that was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The virus poses a great threat to global health and the economy. Currently, in the absence of effective treatment or vaccine, leveraging advanced digital technologies is of great importance. In this respect, the Internet of Things (IoT) is useful for smart monitoring and tracing of COVID-19. Therefore, in this study, we have reviewed the literature available on the IoT-enabled solutions to tackle the current COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods:

This systematic literature review was conducted using an electronic search of articles in the PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases to formulate a complete view of the IoT-enabled solutions to monitoring and tracing of COVID-19 according to the FITT (Fit between Individual, Task, and Technology) model.

Results:

In the literature review, 28 articles were identified as eligible for analysis. This review provides an overview of technological adoption of IoT in COVID-19 to identify significant users, either primary or secondary, required technologies including technical platform, exchange, processing, storage and added-value technologies, and system tasks or applications at “on-body,” “in-clinic/hospital,” and even “in-community” levels.

Conclusions:

The use of IoT along with advanced intelligence and computing technologies for ubiquitous monitoring and tracking of patients in quarantine has made it a critical aspect in fighting the spread of the current COVID-19 and even future pandemics.
Rhabdomyolysis – A Rare Presentation of COVID-19
Authors: Aggarwal Rupal , Pandit Sanjay , Dharra Gaurav , Khan Ulma , Chawla Kishore
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 pandemic presented a great global health-care challenge. The spectrum of illness comprises pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations including hepatic, renal, and neurological complications. Our patient is a young male who presented with fever, severe myalgia, and respiratory distress. After a thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations, the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and associated rhabdomyolysis was made. He developed acute renal failure for which intravenous hydration was given. He also required renal replacement therapy. He was successfully treated and discharged with complete remission of symptoms. We did a literature search for similar cases and have discussed the potential mechanisms implied for these complications.
Virtual Teaching in COVID-19 Era: A Medical Teacher Perspective
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Taywade Manish , Behera Binod Kumar , Sahoo Bimal Kumar
Published: May 2024

Virtual teaching mode gets accelerated during the COVID 19 pandemic. Medical educators are looking at virtual classroom teaching rather than classroom teaching owing to the strict restrictions. The pandemic has gifted challenges and glitches given redefining the medical education training to the medical fraternity.
Evaluation of Hearing Functions in Children with Celiac Disease and the Effect of Gluten-free Diet on these Functions
Authors: Atan D , Comba A
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The present study aims to investigate the potential impact of celiac disease (CD) on hearing functions and assess the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on this condition.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 55 children with CD (110 ears) and 25 healthy controls (50 ears) matched for age and gender. The CD group was divided into adherent (n = 31) and nonadherent (n = 24) to GFD. Participants underwent tympanometry and pure tone audiometry assessments covering frequencies from 500 to 4000 Hz.

Results:

Patients with CD showed significantly higher air and bone conduction hearing averages compared to the control group at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz for air conduction, and at 500 Hz for bone conduction (P < 0.05). Celiac patients, those who fully adhered to GFD, had notably higher air conduction hearing averages at 500, 2000, and 4000 Hz compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in bone conduction hearing averages between the two groups. In contrast, celiac patients who did not comply with GFD had statistically significantly higher air and bone conduction hearing averages than the control group (P < 0.05), at frequencies of 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz for air conduction, and at 500 and 1000 Hz for bone conduction (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The study suggests that nonadherence to GFD may elevate the risk of hearing loss in children with CD. As a result, it is recommended to conduct hearing screenings for children with CD and underscore the importance of complying with GFD to mitigate further detrimental effects on hearing functions.
The Effect of Aromatherapy with Lavender Essential Oil on the Sleep and Fatigue Level of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Turkey: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kavuran E , Yurttaş A
Published: May 2024

Background:

Fatigue is a common problem in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is one of the most serious symptoms of the disease. Although many factors play a role in the etiology of fatigue in patients with MS, it has been reported that fatigue is caused by irregular or disrupted sleep patterns.

Aim:

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of lavender oil aromatherapy on the sleep and fatigue of MS patients.

Methods:

The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial and was conducted in Turkey. The data of the study were collected using the Patient Description Form, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results:

The mean FSS score in the experimental group was 6.86 ± 0.94 before the procedure and 3.42 ± 0.85 after the procedure, the mean PSQI score was 9.45 ± 1.23 before the procedure and 6.68 ± 2.87 after the procedure, and the difference in the mean scores between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The results showed that aromatherapy with lavender essential oil has significant impacts on fatigue and sleep in MS patients. Lavender essential oil aromatherapy can be used by nurses as an independent nursing practice. It is an inexpensive, noninvasive, and reliable technique to manage fatigue in individuals with MS.
Vitamin (D) levels in children of families with a case of rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Abdallah Eman R , El-Nemr Shimaa B , Mabrouk Maaly M , Shoheib Salah A
Published: May 2024

Background

The most prevalent acquired heart illnesses in children are rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Differential regulation of innate immune cell subsets by vitamin D has been shown to effect cell maturation, metabolism, antigen presentation as well as cytokine and chemokine response and production.

Aim

The aim of this work was to evaluate vitamin D levels in children with acute RF and its relation to serum immunoglobulin levels.

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Tanta University Hospital, Pediatric cardiology unit, outpatient clinic, and clinical pathology unit in two groups: group 1 which included 49 children who were subdivided into: group 1a: which included 10 RF or RHD patients and group 1b: included 39 children (brothers or sisters of rheumatic patients). Group 2 (control group): included 40 apparently healthy children of matched age and sex. All patients were subjected to full history taking, echocardiographic examination and laboratory investigations (Vitamin D3, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antistreptolysin O titre, C-reactive protein (CRP), Calcium (Ca), phosphorus, immunoglobulins G (IgG), complement 3 (C3), and complement 4 (C4).

Results

There is a statistically significant decrease Ca, C4, and vit D3 levels in patient group compared with the control group. Vitamin D level was positively correlated with C4 levels. There is no statistically significant change was recorded regarding Ph, immunoglobulins G, or C3.

Conclusion

Children with RHD and children in families with RF or RHD are risky for vitamin D deficiency.
Evaluation of the effect of the corneal suture removal on corneal biomechanics with Corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST) after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP)
Authors: Khamis Gehad Ahmed Mahmoud , Fawzy Sharaf Amr , Adel Hasby Hesham , Mohammed Ghoneim Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Background

The cornea is a part of the anterior segment of the eye, which plays an important role in the refraction of light rays on the retina. Cornea also maintains the shape of the eyeball and constitutes a mechanical barrier, protecting the eye against external environmental factors. For the determination of corneal biomechanics, it requires application of an air puff and simultaneous imaging of the response of the tissues to the stimulus. Available methods include ocular response analyzer (ORA) and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (CORVIS ST).

Aim

To evaluate the effect of the corneal suture removal on the corneal biomechanics with CORVIS ST after penetrating keratoplasty.

Patients and methods

In this prospective study, the corneal biomechanics of 30 patients who had penetrating keratoplasty were evaluated before removal of the corneal sutures at least 6 months and after 3 months of removal of sutures with CORVIS ST.

Results

In this study, the CORVIS ST parameters were evaluated with significant reduction of the central corneal thickness, peak distance, deformation amplitude, and Ambrosio’s relational thickness to the horizontal profile. There was significant increase in the radius of curvature and stiffness parameters at first applanation.

Conclusion

Good corneal biomechanics in the period after 3 months of removal of the corneal sutures and weak corneal biomechanics in the period before removal of the corneal sutures at least 6 months after penetrating keratoplasty and the measured corneal parameters have potential benefits for monitoring postoperative wound healing.
Availability and Delivery of Cardiac Rehabilitation in South-East Asia
Authors: Chowdhury Mohiul , Heald Fiorella A. , Turk-Adawi Karam , Supervia Marta , Babu Abraham Samuel , Radi Basuni , Grace Sherry L.
Published: May 2024

Background:

The aims of this study were to establish cardiac rehabilitation (CR) availability and density, as well as the nature of programs in South-East Asian Region (SEAR) countries, and to compare this with other regions globally.

Methods:

In 2016/2017, the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation engaged cardiac associations to facilitate program identification globally. An online survey was administered to identify programs using REDCap, assessing capacity and characteristics. CR density was computed using Global Burden of Disease study annual ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence estimates. The program audit was updated in 2020.

Results:

CR was available in 6/11 (54.5%) SEAR countries. Data were collected in 5 countries (83.3% country response); 32/69 (68.1% response rate from 2016/2017) programs completed the survey. These data were compared to 1082 (32.1%) programs in 93/111 (83.3%) countries with CR. Across SEAR countries, there was only one CR spot per 283 IHD patients (vs. 12 globally), with an unmet regional need of 4,258,968 spots annually. Most programs were in tertiary care centers (n = 25, 78.1%; vs. 46.1% globally, P < 0.001). Most were funded privately (n = 17, 56.7%; vs. 17.9%, P < 0.001), and 22 (73.3%) patients were paying out of pocket (vs. 36.2% globally; P < 0.001). The mean number of staff on the multidisciplinary teams was 5.5 ± 3.0 (vs. 5.9 ± 2.8 globally P = 0.268), offering 8.6 ± 1.7/11 core components (consistent with other countries) over 16.8 ± 12.6 h (vs. 36.2 ± 53.3 globally, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Funded CR capacity must be augmented in SEAR. Where available, services were consistent with guidelines, and other regions of the globe, despite programs being shorter than other regions.
The Need for a Paradigm Shift to Person-Centered Medicine during Pandemic Times
Authors: Kallivayalil Roy Abraham , Enara Arun
Published: May 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has completely changed how the world looks at medicine. Unfortunately, the larger focus has been on the physical health only – epidemiology, clinical features, prevention of transmission, and management and there is very little focus on mental health and stigmatization. The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused universal psychosocial impact by causing emotional disturbances, economic burden, and financial losses on a massive scale. Effects such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and insomnia in the post infection period have been reported among COVID-19 survivors. With disease progression, clinical symptoms become severe and infected patients may develop psychological problems. With exponential growth in the number of daily COVID-19 cases since March, 2021, India reported more than 400,000 new cases daily on May 1, 2021. India's COVID-19 surge could have become a regional disaster impacting all of south Asia. However, India has successfully avoided that disaster by strengthening the surveillance systems, imposing travel restrictions, lockdowns, and mandatory travel quarantine for individuals returning from infected areas. These were necessary to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The situation in India required urgent, bold measures and close cooperation between India and the global community. Currently, free vaccinations for the whole population are being given. With 1.4 billion people, this is going to be a massive effort. The pandemic and the aftermath need a paradigm shift from our traditional medical care models to one that is person centered. A person-centered model of care will be best solution here and all across the world. This is especially so, when we are fighting a disastrous pandemic.
Sealing Compound, Low Adhesion, for Removable Panels and Fuel Tank Inspection Plates
Authors:   AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Published: May 2024

This specification covers a polysulfide sealing compound with low adhesive strength, supplied as a two-component system that cures at room temperature.
Aluminum Alloy, Rolled or Cold Finished Bars and Rods 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg -
0.60Mn (2024-T851) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Artificially
Aged
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of rolled or cold finished bars and rods of the sizes specified in 3.3.1.1 (see 8.5).
Drought Assessment in a Changing Climate: A Review of Climate Normals for Drought Indices
Authors: Lisonbee Joel , Nielsen-Gammon John , Trewin Blair , Follingstad Gretel , Parker Britt
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Should drought be considered an extreme dry period based on the entire record of available data? Or, should drought be considered a low in precipitation variability within the context of a present, contemporary climate? The two most common reference periods are the full period of record (all observed data or as much as possible) and a 30-year reference climatology. However, climate non-stationarity may render the "all-data" ap-proach an inaccurate or obsolete comparison unless a trend is factored in. The aim of this review is to explore the literature for approaches to addressing these issues. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has recommended a 30-year reference period for most climatological applications since 1935, but for drought assessments and drought indices the modus operandi has been to use as much data as possible. However, in the literature, the “all data” approach has been challenged by evident impacts from climate change-induced non-stationarity. Over the past several years, as potential errors in drought assessments became more apparent due to a stationarity assumption when applying drought indices, several studies have adopted shorter reference periods, with 30-years being the most common. Furthermore, several recent papers have recommended using short reference periods with more frequent data updates for drought assessments to be representative of a contemporary climate. Additionally, at least 18 non-stationary drought indices have been proposed in efforts to retain long datasets and account for non-stationarity in the climate system.
Efficiency Metrics: Assessing the Impacts of Grid Reliability on Energy Efficiency in Smart Systems
Authors: Zaman Khalid , Bibi Nazish
Published: May 2024

This study explores the relationship between grid reliability and energy efficiency in China’s energy landscape. Findings highlight the influence of energy efficiency in the past while revealing random effects of smart grid penetration. Demand-side management and renewable energy integration significantly increase energy efficiency. Grid reliability and technology investment enhance efficiency, although consumption pattern changes show a limited impact. Implications for policy and energy strategies are discussed.
Medijska refrakcija zvuka
Authors: Fejzić – Čengić Fahira
Published: May 2024

Treba znati da je ispravno slušanje osobenost živih, jer se mrtvi ili mrtva znanja ne mogu dozvati. Za njih je važno razlikovanje spoznaje umom i spoznaje srcem. Kako tvrdi ovaj najnoviji znanstveni dokaz o ‘malom mozgu u srcu’. Najvažnije slušanje je ‘uhom srca’ jer u tom iskustvu nastaju neizbrisivi originalni tragovi koji obujmljuju cjelinu bića poput krvotoka koji obujmjljuje svaku venu, žilu, organ, ćeliju. ‘Uho srca’ svjedoči cjelinu, obujmljujuće prima zvukovlje i stapajući se s njima pamti i djeluje po prirodnim principima. S takvim srcem kao središtem bića nastaje viđenje stvari onakvih kakve jesu, uistinu i stvarno. Mudri filozofi poput Rumija su naveli primjer slušatelja kao primjer sjemenki koje su sa dlana prosute na zemlju. Nešto će zrnevlja pasti na plodno tlo, nešto će pokljucati ptice, nešto će zapasti u korov. Samo će zrnevlje s plodnog tla izrasti u zdravu biljku i to će biti biljka mudrosti. Sva ostala zrna će propasti, što strunuvši, što osušivši se. Tako pravo slušanje ostvaruje ulogu kod dobrih slušatelja. Ako je slušanje srca toliko uzvišeno, onda će svaka dlaka na čovjeku potpunih vrlina dobro i lijepo slušati. Ispravnost slušanja vodi kvalitetu shvaćanja spoznaji, a onda iz te spoznaje slijede prave riječi – riječi mudrosti koje svijet poučavaju i svijet spašavaju.