bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diálogos numa corda bamba: sobre a formação continuada de professores
Authors:  Chahin Samira Bueno
Published: September 2019

Ao assumir as disputas ideológicas existentes no campo do patrimônio cultural, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a forma e o conteúdo de ações voltadas à formação de professores como estratégia de educação patrimonial. Este texto resulta da experiência da autora na realização das edições do curso “Educação, Cidade e Patrimônio” no Centro de Preservação Cultural da Universidade de São Paulo.
Do buraco ao mundo: segredos, rituais e patrimônio de um quilombo-indígena
Authors: Léo Neto Nivaldo Aureliano , Miziara Larissa Isidoro
Published: September 2019

Quando problematizamos os processos de pesquisa que não levam em consideração a participação dos atores locais naquilo que se apresenta como as suas referências culturais, nos defrontamos com cenários nos quais a cultura do silêncio é imposta. Contrária a essa perspectiva, a ação de educação patrimonial “Do buraco ao mundo” consistiu na condução de processos participativos com a comunidade Tiririca dos Crioulos na busca de suas referências culturais. Localizada no estado de Pernambuco (região Nordeste do Brasil), a Tiririca se autodenomina um quilombo-indígena, fundamentando essa identidade a partir de suas narrativas e relações de parentesco. A ação atuou na produção de materiais didáticos compostos por um “documento sonoro” (CD duplo), vídeos e um livro que são disponibilizados em um blog. As relações foram horizontalizadas na promoção do conhecimento intercultural, reconhecendo que o curso da pesquisa é uma negociação em andamento. Com isso, foram legitimadas outras formas de conhecimento (parteiras, rezadores, artesãs e outras pessoas reconhecidas na comunidade por seus saberes) que não os necessariamente gerados em instituições de ensino e pesquisa formais. As relações de pesquisa assim conduzidas viabilizaram outros espaços de transmissão e produção de conhecimentos, na mediação de experiências educativas que perpassam diferentes gerações nos processos de interação com o (e no) território como fonte de pesquisa. Se do território emergem as experiências, consequentemente os processos de pesquisa se transformaram em uma “pesquisa de si”, com a (re)valorização de importantes personagens locais. Este trabalho apresenta as atividades conduzidas ao longo do primeiro ano da ação “Do buraco ao mundo”.
Fábrica de Cimento Portland Perus: articulação pedagógica entre movimentos populares e escolas no bairro de Perus
Authors: Bortoto Regina Célia Soares , Bezerra Maria Helena Bertolini
Published: September 2019

Atuando sob os princípios da “não violência ativa”, a luta dos Queixadas, operários da Fábrica de Cimento Portland Perus, localizada no bairro de Perus, instalada em 1924, configurou um novo panorama de atuação sindical que permitiu mudanças em vários aspectos, entre elas a participação das mulheres ao lado de seus maridos, conquistas trabalhistas, lutas ambientais etc. Comissões de greve visitaram fábricas, escolas, universidades e demais espaços e tais visitas repercutiram, segundo o dr. Mário Carvalho de Jesus,advogado do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores “da Cimento Perus”, em toda a cidade de São Paulo, numa demonstração de que a união e a firmeza permanente, lema do movimento, seria a forma mais eficaz e eficiente de lutar contra as forças opressoras da sociedade e a exploração do capital. O legado dessa luta resiste ao longo de décadas, por meio de um diálogo entre gerações. As histórias e memórias dos operários, ou seja, suas lutas por justiça e dignidade, além do valor arquitetônico e industrial da Fábrica, motivou odesejo pelo seu tombamento, sua preservação e por sua transformação em Centro de Cultura e Memória do Trabalhador. Além disso, essa luta que transpôs os muros da Fábrica, envolvendo a comunidade local, alcançou os muros de muitas escolas no bairro, as quais passaram a ter em sua prática educativa, dentro e fora de suas dependências, uma real articulação com temas significativos para os estudantes oriundos dessa herança Queixada, defendendo a ideia de que a educação pode ser efetivamente vista como instrumento libertador e transformador.
Projeto Memórias Urbanas de Iguape-SP: uma experiência de educação patrimonial do Laboratório de Geografia Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Pereira Danilo Celso
Published: September 2019

Este texto pretende apresentar alguns resultados do Projeto Memórias Urbanas de Iguape-SP, desenvolvido em 2011. A ação de cultura e extensão do Departamento de Geografia da Universidade de São Paulo teve como objetivo envolver a comunidade do município paulista de Iguape na valorização das memórias e do patrimônio cultural, além de registrar e documentar a memória dos diferentes grupos sociais que vivem naquele espaço para dar visibilidade e socializar conhecimentos populares, fortalecendo o vínculo das comunidades com o seu patrimônio e incentivando a participação social na sua proteção. Para tanto, utilizou-se de uma concepção dialógica de educação patrimonial, concatenada com a proposta de Paulo Freire, naqual se busca a conscientização crítica, aquela que insere o sujeito como sujeito do mundo; portanto, como uma educação libertadora.
Construindo uma rede de educação patrimonial: a experiência da Rede Paulista de Educação Patrimonial (Repep)
Authors: Antonini Anaclara Volpi , Nito Mariana Kimie da Silva , Neves Maryclea Carmona Maues
Published: September 2019

A Rede Paulista de Educação Patrimonial (Repep) é uma rede aberta de que participam pessoas interessadas em debater e atuar em questões práticas e teóricas relacionadas à educação patrimonial. A rede surge a partir de uma reflexão crítica sobre o campo da educação patrimonial, constituído por ações educativas fragmentadas produzidas em museus, centros de memória, escolas, ONGs, consultorias de arqueologia e órgãos de preservação, entre outros lugares. Ao encarar a educação como um processo de ação e transformação, a rede propõe repensar tanto a fundamentação teórica neste campo quanto as práticas educativas. O artigo apresenta a trajetória de construção da Repep, evidenciando os desafios e caminhos percorridos desde seu início até sua consolidação. A partir de entrevistas, de documentos produzidos natrajetória da rede e de nossa atuação como integrantes do coletivo, organizamos as narrativas da Repep em três momentos relacionados a transições marcantes: a ideia e a formação de uma rede virtual, quando foi construído o primeiro banco de dados; ampliação para além dos muros da universidade e de instituições, quando ocorreram os encontros entre os membros do coletivo; e consolidação e fortalecimento da rede, com a formação dos grupos de trabalho e ampliação da atuação. Ao final, apontamos alguns desafios eperspectivas que se apresentam no estágio atual da Repep. Com este trabalho, pretendemos contribuir e inspirar a formação de outras redes de patrimônio cultural e de educação patrimonial.
Arqueologia e educação patrimonial: a experiência do MAE-USP
Authors: Vasconcellos Camilo De Mello
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem a intenção de refletir a respeito do tema da educação patrimonial, levando-se em conta a realidade de atuação do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MAE-USP). Para tal intento, o artigo apresenta algumas questões teórico-metodológicas sobre a relação entre educação patrimonial, a arqueologia e a museologia para, finalmente, na última parte, refletir a respeito de um projeto recém-aprovado de nossa instituição que inclui a utilização dos princípios da educação patrimonial a partir de maquetes táteis de sítios arqueológicos brasileiros.
Monumento Nacional Ruínas Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos: educação patrimonial e ambiental como chave da preservação
Authors: Ferlini Vera Lucia Amaral , Christofoletti Rodrigo , Jordão Beatriz Pacheco , De Mello André Müller
Published: September 2019

O uso qualificado de bens culturais e a sua consequente preservação constituem-se em grandes desafios para governos e comunidades neste início de século. As estratégias culturais de salvaguarda dos patrimôniosforam cada vez mais desafiadas pelo jogo plural de uma nova perspectiva histórica. Em nossos dias a reconstituição sistemática de modos de vida de uma época anterior, através de espaços e trocas sociais converte o campo da memória em teatro preferencial de uma busca objetiva de conhecimento. As ruínas do antigo Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos, monumento nacional dos mais relevantes, atualmente categorizado como museu universitário a céu aberto, constitui complexo arquitetônico único em território brasileiro.Além disso, transformou-se na última década em patrimônio diferenciado, abarcando múltiplos campos de conhecimento. O remanescente do antigo engenho encontra-se em lugar privilegiado, como bem tombado nas instâncias federal (1963), estadual (1974) e municipal (1990). Este texto discute as ações educativas realizadas ao longo dos últimos 15 anos neste espaço e sinaliza os projetos que ajudaram a consolidar sua vocação pedagógica.
Educação e patrimônio na Casa de Dona Yayá: experiências do Centro de Preservação Cultural da USP
Authors: Fernandes Gabriel De Andrade
Published: September 2019

Este artigo apresenta um panorama da ação educativa desenvolvida pelo Centro de Preservação Cultural (CPC) em sua sede na Casa de Dona Yayá, imóvel tombado em níveis estadual e municipal, localizado no centro do município de São Paulo, na região conhecida como Bixiga. Órgão de cultura e extensão universitária com foco na ação e reflexão sobre o patrimônio cultural da Universidade de São Paulo, o CPC ocupa desde 2004 o imóvel  conhecido como “Casa de Dona Yayá”, lugar de memória de questões degênero e saúde mental em função da reclusão vivida por sua mais célebre habitante (Sebastiana Mello Freire, a “Dona Yayá”) durante um período de quatro décadas, bem como testemunho material do processo de urbanização da região em que se encontra. A fim de refletir sobre as possibilidades educativas, dialógicas e de ação cultural próprias tanto de uma instituição voltada à extensão no campo do patrimônio como de um bem patrimonializado marcado pelo acúmulo de diversas camadas de significado e de memória, é apresentado um itinerário crítico das atividades educativas promovidas ao longo de cerca de 15 anos nesse contexto. Discutem-se, tendo por base tais atividades, as potencialidades, limites, desafios e contradições da ação educativa no contexto patrimonial.
Educação patrimonial no Iphan: análise de uma trajetória
Authors: Oliveira Cléo Alves Pinto de
Published: September 2019

Desde a sua criação, o Iphan manifestou em documentos e publicações a importância da educação patrimonial para a preservação do patrimônio cultural. Contudo, a educação patrimonial foi historicamente tratada como uma atividade complementar às outras realizadas pelo órgão, tendo sido, de modo geral, realizadas atividades pontuais, desvinculadas das ações finalísticas do Iphan. Assim, verifica-se um descompasso entre a importância da educação patrimonial enunciada e as ações realizadas nesse sentido. Frente a esse quadro, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória da educação patrimonial no Iphan, contrapondo a enunciação à ação. Espera-se com este trabalho contribuir para a sistematização dessa trajetória, assim como discutir aspectos técnicos e políticos relacionados ao tema, para que as açõesfuturas de educação patrimonial sejam mais efetivas para a preservação do patrimônio cultural.
Editorial
Authors: Marandino Martha
Published: September 2019

Dossiê Educação Patrimonial
Política de educação patrimonial no Iphan: diretrizes conceituais e ações estratégicas
Authors: Florêncio Sônia Rampim
Published: September 2019

Este artigo aborda a construção dos princípios conceituais e diretrizes que pautam a área de educação patrimonial na atuação do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan). Apresenta, também, um panorama histórico com as principais estratégias de ação implementadas nos últimos anos em consonância com essas abordagens. Para tanto, firma a importância de se implementar ações educativas para a preservação do patrimônio que se embasem na construção coletiva do conhecimento e na educação dialógica, nos moldes freireanos. Por fim, apresenta alguns desafios para a contínua construção desse campo de conhecimento e atuação institucional.
Reflexões para ações educativas em conjuntos urbanos tombados: Ouro Preto
Authors: Fernandes Simone Monteiro Silvestre
Published: September 2019

Este artigo apresenta parte das considerações levantadas pela autora no desenvolvimento de sua dissertação de mestrado no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artísitico Nacional (Iphan), cujo estudo teve como foco suas inquietações e observações como historiadora, atuando na área educativa do Escritório Técnico de Ouro Preto, do Iphan. Ouro Preto se transformou num lugar repleto de significados, onde a imagem da “cidade colonial” ficou consolidada. A escolha de apenas parte da cidade reflete numa imagem incompleta, dificultando o reconhecimento e o sentimento de pertencimento por parte dos cidadãos, que percebem uma porção de suacidade sendo tratada como monumento e a outra porção sendo esquecida, desconhecida. As informações levantadas sobre as ações desenvolvidas na década de 1980, em Ouro Preto, se refletem nas ações hoje desenvolvidas pela Casa do Patrimônio de Ouro Preto e serão o foco das questões e reflexões levantadas nesse trabalho, pois acreditamos que as cidades podem ser vividas como um bem cultural centrando nossas atenções nas relações sociais e afetivas criadas em torno delas.
Epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous populations
Authors: Graeff Samara Vilas-Bôas , Pícolli Renata Palópoli , Arantes Rui , Castro Vivianne De Oliveira Landgraf de , Cunha Rivaldo Venâncio da
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous peoples of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This is a descriptive epidemiological study on the occurrence and distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in the indigenous population assisted by the Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena (Indigenous Special Health District) Mato Grosso do Sul between 2001 and 2014, based on three secondary databases. Annual rates of HIV and AIDS detection and prevalence were calculated, considering case distribution according to village, Health Base Pole and sociodemographic variables. Accumulated rates of detection, mortality and case fatality were calculated by ethnic group and for the Health Base Pole with the highest number of cases. RESULTS: The HIV detection rate fluctuated between 0.0 and 18.0/100 thousand people in the study period. For AIDS, there was no notification before 2007, but in 2012 its rate reached 16.6/100 thousand. HIV prevalence grew between 2001 and 2011, and it continuously grew for AIDS starting from 2007. The highest HIV detection rates occurred among Guarani peoples (167.1/100 thousand) and for AIDS, among the Kaiowá peoples (79.3/100 thousand); mortality and fatality rates were higher among the Kaiowá. Regarding the Dourados Health Base Pole, the AIDS detection rate increased, and the mortality and fatality rates decreased. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection and AIDS have been increasing among indigenous peoples, with distribution of the disease mainly in the Health Base Poles of the southern region of the state, where greater economic and social vulnerability are also observed. The endemic character of HIV and AIDS can become epidemic in some years given the existence of cases in other villages in the state. Its occurrence among the Guarani and Kaiowá populations indicates the need for expanded diagnosis, access to treatment and prevention measures.
The development of transversal competence of health service managers
Authors: Duarte Roberto Gonzalez , Miura Irene Kazumi , Sawada Namie Okino , Alves Marilia , Petrin Renata
Published: September 2019

In their pedagogical projects, health management courses focus on multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, comprehensiveness and transversality, whose main merit is to question health issues from different theoretical perspectives. Analyzing these issues under many perspectives does not necessarily mean the development of transversal competences. The development and application of these competences suppose going beyond integrating curricular contents and theory/practice. They depend on how the knowledge will be articulated to changes at organizational, sectorial and institutional levels and on the coevolution between these competences and changes. It is understood that health services manager role is effectively transversal when he/she: (i) acts at organizational boundaries, fostering interaction between organizations and other actors in the system; (ii) provides (and receives) feedback to (and from) these actors; and (iii) these feedbacks help decision makers to undertake organizational changes to respond to the environment and shape it.
Changes in Cardiac Morphology and Function in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jensen Magnus T. , Fung Kenneth , Aung Nay , Sanghvi Mihir M. , Chadalavada Sucharitha , Paiva Jose M. , Khanji Mohammed Y. , de Knegt Martina C. , Lukaschuk Elena , Lee Aaron M. , Barutcu Ahmet , Maclean Edd , Carapella Valentina , Cooper Jackie , Young Alistair , Piechnik Stefan K. , Neubauer Stefan , Petersen Steffen E.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Detection of early cardiac changes before manifest disease develops is important. We investigated early alterations in cardiac structure and function associated with DM using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods:

Participants from the UK Biobank Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Substudy, a community cohort study, without known cardiovascular disease and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% were included. Multivariable linear regression models were performed. The investigators were blinded to DM status.

Results:

A total of 3984 individuals, 45% men, (mean [SD]) age 61.3 (7.5) years, hereof 143 individuals (3.6%) with DM. There was no difference in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (DM versus no DM; coefficient [95% CI]: −0.86% [−1.8 to 0.5];
P
=0.065), LV mass (−0.13 g/m
2
[−1.6 to 1.3],
P
=0.86), or right ventricular ejection fraction (−0.23% [−1.2 to 0.8],
P
=0.65). However, both LV and right ventricular volumes were significantly smaller in DM, (LV end-diastolic volume/m
2
: −3.46 mL/m
2
[−5.8 to −1.2],
P
=0.003, right ventricular end-diastolic volume/m
2
: −4.2 mL/m
2
[−6.8 to −1.7],
P
=0.001, LV stroke volume/m
2
: −3.0 mL/m
2
[−4.5 to −1.5],
P
<0.001; right ventricular stroke volume/m
2
: −3.8 mL/m
2
[−6.5 to −1.1],
P
=0.005), LV mass/volume: 0.026 (0.01 to 0.04) g/mL,
P
=0.006. Both left atrial and right atrial emptying fraction were lower in DM (right atrial emptying fraction: −6.2% [−10.2 to −2.1],
P
=0.003; left atrial emptying fraction:−3.5% [−6.9 to −0.1],
P
=0.043). LV global circumferential strain was impaired in DM (coefficient [95% CI]: 0.38% [0.01 to 0.7],
P
=0.045).

Conclusions:

In a low-risk general population without known cardiovascular disease and with preserved LV ejection fraction, DM is associated with early changes in all 4 cardiac chambers. These findings suggest that diabetic cardiomyopathy is not a regional condition of the LV but affects the heart globally.
Leading with a Fist: A History of the Salafi Beard in the 20th-Century Middle East
Authors: Rock-Singer Aaron
Published: September 2019

Salafism is a global religious movement whose male participants often distinguish themselves from their co-religionists by a particular style of facial hair. Historians have focused largely on this movement’s engagement with questions of theology and politics, while anthropologists have assumed that Salafi practice reflects a longer Islamic tradition. In this article, I move beyond both approaches by tracing the gradual formation of a distinctly Salafi beard in the 20th century Middle East. Drawing on Salafi scholarly compendia, leading journals, popular pamphlets, and daily newspapers produced primarily in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, I argue that Salafi elites revived a longer Islamic legal tradition in order to distinguish their flock from secular nationalist projects of communal identity and Islamic activists alike. In doing so, I cast light on Salafism’s interpretative approach, the dynamics that define its development as a social movement, and the broader significance of visual markers in modern projects of Islamic piety.
Red Aid, a Non-Accommodating NGO Challenging the Power of West-European States to Deny Protection to Undeserving Refugees, 1933–1935
Authors: Caestecker Frank
Published: September 2019

This article outlines how a refugee policy took shape in the liberal countries bordering Nazi Germany during the first half of the 1930s. In Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and Switzerland, immigration policy had become much more restrictive by 1933 when the refugees from Germany applied for asylum and the necessity for a ‘side entrance’ for asylum seekers to these countries became apparent. The focus here is on the role of the Communist aid organisation, the Red Aid, in this endeavour. In comparison to the social-democratic aid organisations, the Red Aid was deficient, but most importantly it was an outsider to the political regime, while the Social-Democrats were part of the political regime. Still the authorities in all countries conceded by 1935 that German Communist refugees were more deserving than other unwanted immigrants who were expelled without much ado. This article argues that the campaigns of the Red Aid in the rather limited liberalisation of policy towards Communist refugees by 1935 did have some effect since their denouncement of the inhumane treatment of Communist refugees led these liberal polities to restrain themselves in their treatment of these most ‘undeserving’ of refugees.
Business and Human Trafficking: A Social Connection and Political Responsibility Model
Authors: Van Buren Harry J. , Schrempf-Stirling Judith , Westermann-Behaylo Michelle
Published: September 2019

Human trafficking is one of the most lucrative international criminal activities and is widespread across a variety of industries. The response to human trafficking in corporate supply chains has been dominated by analyses of due diligence obligations. Existing scholarship, however, has cast doubt on the effectiveness of corporate due diligence in addressing human trafficking, because human trafficking is the outcome of macro-level social structures that are created by and consist of multiple actors, including business. The outsourcing and sub-contracting model provides incentives throughout the global supply chain to sub-contract further to reduce the cost of labor, which has led to human trafficking remaining a pervasive problem. Business responsibility for human trafficking derives from the fact that business decisions and strategies enable the conditions that allow for human trafficking to occur within their supply chains. To address human trafficking, we propose a social connection and political responsibility model, based on Iris Marion Young’s analysis of social connection and structural injustice, that is holistic, forward-looking, and outcomes-oriented. We differentiate between businesses with a strong connection to human trafficking and businesses with a weak connection, and within this distinction delineate different pathways that firms can take to meet their political responsibilities to address human trafficking. We conclude with implications for future research.
Occupational Skill Mismatch: Differences by Gender and Cohort
Authors: Addison John T. , Chen Liwen , Ozturk Orgul D.
Published: September 2019

The authors deploy a measure of occupational mismatch based on the discrepancy between the portfolio of skills required by an occupation and the array of abilities possessed by the worker for learning those skills. Using data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and the 1979 and 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79 and NLSY97), they report distinct gender differences in match quality and changes in match quality over the course of careers. They also show that a substantial portion of the gender wage gap stems from match quality differences among the college educated. College-educated females show a significantly greater likelihood of mismatch than do males. Moreover, individuals with children and those in more flexible occupations tend to experience a larger degree of mismatch. Cohort effects are also evident in the data: College-educated males of the younger cohort (NLSY97) are worse off in terms of match quality compared to the older cohort (NLSY79), even as the younger cohort of women is doing better on average.
Residential segregation and school segregation of foreign students in Barcelona
Authors: Bonal Xavier , Zancajo Adrián , Scandurra Rosario
Published: September 2019

This article examines the dynamics of the relationship between residential and school segregation in Barcelona. The analysis explores which educational and non-educational drivers foster the school segregation of foreign students between the city’s neighbourhoods. The article also analyses to what extent the particularities of Barcelona’s admissions policy, which combines catchment areas with high levels of school choice, generate specific mechanisms of contextually bound school segregation within the local education market. The results confirm that residential segregation and educational segregation are two interrelated phenomena in Barcelona. In addition, the supply of publicly subsidised private schooling in the neighbourhoods is a main factor driving both educational segregation and isolation, especially in those neighbourhoods with a high concentration of foreign pupils. Based on the results, the article elaborates on the challenges for local education policymaking to address the dynamics of school segregation in urban spaces.
Increased Clinical and Economic Burden Associated With Peripheral Intravenous Catheter–Related Complications: Analysis of a US Hospital Discharge Database
Authors: Lim Sangtaeck , Gangoli Gaurav , Adams Erica , Hyde Robert , Broder Michael S. , Chang Eunice , Reddy Sheila R. , Tarbox Marian H. , Bentley Tanya , Ovington Liza , Danker Walt
Published: September 2019

The burden of complications associated with peripheral intravenous use is underevaluated, in part, due to the broad use, inconsistent coding, and lack of mandatory reporting of these devices. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and economic impact of peripheral intravenous–related complications on hospitalized patients. This analysis of Premier Perspective® Database US hospital discharge records included admissions occurring between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2015 for pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes with complications, and major trauma (hip, spinal, cranial fractures). Admissions were assumed to include a peripheral intravenous. Admissions involving surgery, dialysis, or central venous lines were excluded. Multivariable analyses compared inpatient length of stay, cost, admission to intensive care unit, and discharge status of patients with versus without peripheral intravenous–related complications (bloodstream infection, cellulitis, thrombophlebitis, other infection, or extravasation). Models were conducted separately for congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes with complications, and overall (all 7 diagnoses) and adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. We identified 588 375 qualifying admissions: mean (SD), age 66.1 (20.6) years; 52.4% female; and 95.2% urgent/emergent admissions. Overall, 1.76% of patients (n = 10 354) had peripheral intravenous–related complications. In adjusted analyses between patients with versus without peripheral intravenous complications, the mean (95% confidence interval) inpatient length of stay was 5.9 (5.8-6.0) days versus 3.9 (3.9-3.9) days; mean hospitalization cost was $10 895 ($10 738-$11 052) versus $7009 ($6988-$7031). Patients with complications were less likely to be discharged home versus those without (62.4% [58.6%-66.1%] vs 77.6% [74.6%-80.5%]) and were more likely to have died (3.6% [2.9%-4.2%] vs 0.7% [0.6%-0.9%]). Models restricted to single admitting diagnosis were consistent with overall results. Patients with peripheral intravenous–related complications have longer length of stay, higher costs, and greater risk of death than patients without such complications; this is true across diagnosis groups of interest. Future research should focus on reducing these complications to improve clinical and economic outcomes.
Emotions, international hierarchy, and the problem of solipsism in Sino-US South China Sea politics
Authors: Wirth Christian
Published: September 2019

This study offers an explanation for Beijing’s seemingly self-defeating approach to the South China Sea that distances China ever more from the regional and international communities which it wants to lead and join while drawing in the foreign military presence that it seeks to keep at a distance. Combining recent research on the role of emotions and on hierarchy in international politics, this article shows how the powerful narrative of national ‘humiliation’ and ‘rejuvenation’ has informed Chinese maritime politics. As the South China Sea became incorporated in the linear timeline of China’s 5000 year civilizational history, the US’ and its allies’ push-back against Beijing’s territorial claims deepened China’s ideational isolation. The ensuing state of solipsism increases the risk of violent confrontations.
Clickbait detection using multiple categorisation techniques
Authors: Pujahari Abinash , Sisodia Dilip Singh
Published: September 2019

Clickbaits are online articles with deliberately designed misleading titles for luring more and more readers to open the intended web page. Clickbaits are used to tempt visitors to click on a particular link either to monetise the landing page or to spread the false news for sensationalisation. The presence of clickbaits on any news aggregator portal may lead to unpleasant experience to readers. Automatic detection of clickbait headlines from news headlines has been a challenging issue for the machine learning community. A lot of methods have been proposed for preventing clickbait articles in recent past. However, the recent techniques available in detecting clickbaits are not much robust. This article proposes a hybrid categorisation technique for separating clickbait and non-clickbait articles by integrating different features, sentence structure and clustering. During preliminary categorisation, the headlines are separated using 11 features. After that, the headlines are recategorised using sentence formality and syntactic similarity measures. In the last phase, the headlines are again recategorised by applying clustering using word vector similarity based on t-stochastic neighbourhood embedding ( t-SNE) approach. After categorisation of these headlines, machine learning models are applied to the dataset to evaluate machine learning algorithms. The obtained experimental results indicate that the proposed hybrid model is more robust, reliable and efficient than any individual categorisation techniques for the dataset we have used.
Ideal Age at First Birth and Associated Factors Among Young Adults in Greater New York City: Findings From the Social Position and Family Formation Study
Authors: Melnikas Andrea J. , Romero Diana
Published: September 2019

Despite increases at age at first birth in the United States, we have little research on how individuals conceptualize the ideal age to have a child. Using qualitative interviews with male and female young adults in greater New York City, we examined individuals’ responses to questions about the ideal age at first birth. We find factors associated with an age being ideal tend to fall in four main domains: structural/social position factors, interpersonal factors, fertility and health-related factors, and aspirational factors. This research suggests that the ideal age is higher than the actual age at first birth, and both males and females consider a number of factors when choosing an ideal age, including education and career. We find that interpersonal and aspirational factors are also important considerations. Understanding ideal age at first birth is important for understanding family formation decision making in relation to age and may have important implications in other areas.
Being a (Grand)Father: (Re)constructing Masculinity Through the Life-Course
Authors: Hasmanová Marhánková Jaroslava
Published: September 2019

Drawing on in-depth biographical interviews with 12 grandfathers of young grandchildren living in Czech Republic, this study explores how men perform and conceptualize their role of grandfather in relation to their previous role of father and their own family history. The analysis shows grandparenthood as an ambivalent space for the reconstruction of masculinity. One the one hand, grandparenthood was depicted by the participants as an important way of transitioning one’s own relationship to care and emotionality that enable them to relate to the care for young children outside the traditional frameworks of masculinity associated with the role of father. On the other hand, grandfather role represents an important tool for maintaining a connection with the ideal of hegemonic masculinity in older age and as a space for reconstructing the dichotomy between femininity and masculinity and the traditional dichotomies of care/work, activity/passivity, and private/public.
Longitudinal analysis of brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Marino Silvia , Bonanno Lilla , Lo Buono Viviana , Ciurleo Rosella , Corallo Francesco , Morabito Rosa , Chirico Gaetano , Marra Angela , Bramanti Placido
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are among the leading causes of early-onset dementia. This study aimed to assess the rate of whole brain atrophy by comparing bvFTD and AD.

Methods

Two patients (one man with AD, and one woman with bvFTD) had neuropsychological and neuroimaging assessment by using automated techniques for cross-sectional and longitudinal atrophy measurements.

Results

In the patient with AD, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed decreased bilateral hippocampal and mesial-temporal volume. However, conventional images showed no difference between baseline (T0) and after 1 year (T1). In the patient with bvFTD, MRI showed bilateral frontotemporal lobe atrophy and a moderate increase in atrophy between T0 and T1, particularly in the temporal lobes. A cross-sectional cerebral volume examination showed a considerable reduction in brain volume in the patient with bvFDT and a moderate reduction in the patient with AD. A longitudinal cerebral volume examination showed a lower percentage brain volume change in the patient with bvFTS compared with the patient with AD.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that bvFTD has more neurodegenerative progression. MRI findings should be considered as a reliable marker of disease progression in the brain. Our findings offer potential for monitoring treatment outcomes.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognitive status in differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Casoli Tiziana , Paolini Susy , Fabbietti Paolo , Fattoretti Patrizia , Paciaroni Lucia , Fabi Katia , Gobbi Beatrice , Galeazzi Roberta , Rossi Roberto , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Pelliccioni Giuseppe
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study aimed to determine the most appropriate cognitive and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker setting to distinguish frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Method

Patients with FTD, those with AD, and those without dementia were enrolled in this study. CSF amyloid-ß 42 (Aß42), total (t)-tau, and phosphorylated (p)-tau concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cognition was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and its domain scores. The associations of CSF biomarkers with cognitive measures were examined using regression models and the diagnostic value of CSF biomarkers was determined by receiver operating characteristics curves.

Results

CSF Aß42 levels were lower, whereas t-tau/Aß42 and p-tau/Aß42 ratios were higher in patients with AD compared with those with FTD. Some MMSE domain scores were different in FTD and AD, but they did not improve the ability to distinguish between the two pathologies. Poor temporal orientation scores were associated with low Aß42 levels only in patients with FTD. The p-tau/Aß42 ratio reached sufficient levels of sensitivity and specificity to discriminate FTD with primary progressive aphasia from AD.

Conclusions

The ratio of CSF p-tau/Aß42 is a sensitive and specific biomarker for discriminating patients with primary progressive aphasia from those with AD.
Monitoring chronic headache and medication-overuse headache prevalence in Denmark
Authors: Westergaard Maria Lurenda , Lau Cathrine Juel , Allesøe Karen , Gjendal Signe Thorup , Jensen Rigmor Højland
Published: September 2019

Objectives

To study chronic headache and medication-overuse headache (MOH) prevalence; to identify groups with high prevalence of these conditions; and to identify the most frequently used pain medications among respondents with chronic headache.

Background

Chronic headache and MOH prevalence in Denmark were last estimated in 2010.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 104,950 individuals aged ≥16 years were randomly sampled for the 2017 Danish Capital Region Health Survey. Responses to questions about headache and use of acute pain medications were linked to demographic registries. MOH was defined as headache ≥15 days/month plus self-report of use of pain medications ≥10 or 15 days/month, in the last three months. Weighted prevalence proportions were calculated.

Results

Among 55,185 respondents, chronic headache prevalence was 3.0% (95% CI: 2.3–3.2) and MOH prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.8–2.1). Both conditions were more common among females and the middle-aged. Respondents on social welfare or receiving early retirement pensions had the highest prevalences. Among those with chronic headache, 44.7% overused over-the-counter analgesics for headache; paracetamol 41.5%; a combination of different pain relievers 25.3%; ibuprofen 21.9%; opioids 17.0%; combination preparations 14.3%; and triptans 9.1%.

Conclusions

The highest prevalence of chronic headache and MOH was seen among people with low socioeconomic position. Overuse of paracetamol was most common. Reported opioid use was higher than expected. Groups with high prevalence of MOH should be the focus of public health interventions on rational use of OTC and prescription pain medications.
Performance of Chip Seal Treatments in Two Different Climatic Regions
Authors: Vargas-Nordcbeck Adriana , Vrtis Michael C. , Worel Benjamin
Published: September 2019

Over time, new pavements deteriorate because of the effect of traffic loads and the environment. Pavement preservation treatments, such as chip seals, are a cost-effective alternative for extending the service life of the pavement without incurring in costly rehabilitation or reconstruction activities. Chip seals are preservation treatments that can help protect the pavement structure, reduce the rate of pavement deterioration, improve skid resistance, and address minor surface problems. As part of the National Center for Asphalt Technology and Minnesota Road Research Facility Pavement Preservation Study, chip seal test sections were placed on low-traffic-volume roads in Alabama and Minnesota. The two locations were selected to represent different climate conditions. Lee County Road 159 in Auburn, Alabama, is subjected to warm, wet, no-freeze climate, while County State Aid Highway (CSAH 8) is located in a cold, wet, freeze area in Pease, Minnesota. Treatments have been in service for approximately 6 years in the southern sections, and 2 years in the northern sections. During this time, cracking, roughness, rutting, and macrotexture data were collected periodically to evaluate pavement performance. The results determined that cracking is a predominant form of distress for these treatments. While the treatments are not expected to address rutting or roughness, the results indicated little variation in the case of the southern treatments, and an increasing trend in international roughness index in the northern sections, likely related to the appearance of thermal cracking. Macrotexture data may be used to assess the functional life of the treatments.
Identifying Candidate Locations for Safety Improvements on Low-Volume Rural Roads: The Oregon Experience
Authors: Al-Kaisy Ahmed , Ewan Levi , Hossain Fahmid
Published: September 2019

Low-volume roads constitute a significant proportion of the roadway network in rural areas, but they are usually associated with sparse crash data. This makes it impractical to rely on crash history alone to identify candidate locations for more detailed safety investigations and potential improvements. This paper presents the development of a prioritization scheme, in the form of a crash risk index, to be used in ranking candidate sites for safety improvements on low-volume roads in the State of Oregon. The index developed utilizes information on highway geometry, roadside features, traffic exposure, and crash occurrence in assessing risk, rather than relying solely on crash history in identifying hazardous locations. A roadway sample with a total length of around 830 mi was used in this study to represent different geographic regions in the state. Subsequently, extensive roadway, traffic, and safety data for the study sample were acquired and utilized in the development of the proposed index. A case study application of the proposed crash risk index on a 16-mi low-volume road corridor is presented which shows how to apply the index practically on a typical low-volume road using information readily accessible to the agency.
Safety Performance Functions of Low-Volume Roadways
Authors: Das Subasish , Tsapakis Ioannis , Datta Songjukta
Published: September 2019

The Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act) mandates a Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) for all states that “emphasizes a data-driven, strategic approach to improving highway safety on all public roads that focuses on performance.” To determine the predicted crashes on a specific roadway facility, the most convenient and widely used tool is the first edition of Highway Safety Manual (HSM), which provides predictive models [known as safety performance functions (SPFs)] of crash frequencies for different roadways. Low-volume roads (LVRs) are defined as roads located in rural or suburban areas with daily traffic volumes of less than or equal to 400 vehicles per day (vpd). LVRs cover a significant portion of the roadways in the U.S. While much work has been done to develop SPFs for high-volume roads, less effort has been devoted to LVR safety issues. This study used 2013–2017 traffic count, and roadway network and crash data from North Carolina to develop six SPFs for three LVRs, which can be used to predict total crashes, as well as fatal and injury crashes. This study also performed a sensitivity analysis to show the influence of traffic volumes on expected crash frequencies. The SPFs developed in this study can provide guidance to state and local agencies with the means to quantify safety impacts on LVR networks.
Comparative Analysis of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer-Cone Penetration Rate Design Approach against Other Methods Used for Upgrading of Low Volume Roads: Case of Uganda and Zambia
Authors: Chibwe Joseph , Musenero Leah
Published: September 2019

Low volume roads form a significant part of the road network in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). During the dry season, these often unsurfaced (predominantly gravel) roads generate a lot of dust which is a health hazard and has adverse effects on the environment. In the wet season, some sections of these roads become impassable thereby limiting accessibility and disrupting economic activities. Rapid depletion of gravel sources for road construction has rendered the re-graveling of these roads unsustainable. On the other hand, upgrading these roads to bituminous standard using conventional design approaches would be costly given the vastness of the network in question. For sustainability, it is imperative to explore alternative approaches for design of low volume sealed roads (LVSR). Research in the region has highlighted the dynamic cone penetrometer-cone penetration rate (DCP-DN) method as one such plausible approach. In the DCP-DN design approach, the DN value is used directly, without correlation with the California bearing ratio (CBR). This paper provides a comparison of the DCP-DN pavement design method with other common methods for design of LVSR in SSA—particularly Uganda and Zambia. In both countries, the DCP-DN method was found to be a promising alternative for pavement design of LVSR in relation to potential reduction in cost of implementation of the pavement layers that resulted from the design.
When Should Agencies Post Weight Limits on Local Highways in New York State?
Authors: Orr David P.
Published: September 2019

Most highways in New York State, United States, are maintained by local agencies, so decisions about operations and maintenance for low-volume roads are critical. Local highway officials use existing tools and methods to manage their highway networks. Posting of weight limits is done for a variety of reasons such as: structural limits on bridges, setting of truck routes through a community, and seasonal posting. A simple low-volume pavement model was developed using with the Cornell Pavement Frost Model to review various approaches to seasonal posting of roads and streets. Using a simple model for timing of seasonal posting can be a very effective tool for a local highway agency. The Cornell Local Roads Program developed such a spreadsheet tool currently being tested by local towns in New York State. The tool only requires a simple pavement model and average air temperature data.
Development and Pilot Installation of a Scalable Environmental Sensor Monitoring System for Freeze–Thaw Monitoring under Granular-Surfaced Roadways
Authors: Genc Derya , Ashlock Jeramy C. , Cetin Bora , Kremer Paul
Published: September 2019

The freeze–thaw cycle is one of the major sources of damage to granular-surfaced roadways, especially in areas where the timing of heavy agricultural traffic coincides with that of spring thawing. To help local roads agencies plan better for annual budgets and frost embargos, it is useful to be able to predict the frost depth and number of freeze–thaw cycles under a given roadway based on continually updated weather and soil data. Computational modeling can help in this regard, and may be conducted by collecting data on weather and the thermal and hydraulic properties of the soil, as well as soil temperature, moisture, and suction, and using the data directly in the analyses. In order to obtain accurate field data for model calibrations and predictions, an appropriate sensor network and data acquisition system must be carefully planned and installed. This article details the development and installation procedures for one such system of sensors for subgrade temperature, water content, and matric suction, and presents lessons learned throughout the process. Various issues are discussed relating to selection of the sensor and data acquisition system, laboratory and field checks, borehole sensor installation tools, and post-installation troubleshooting and monitoring. To ensure a successful installation beneath the granular roadway, laboratory and field trials were first performed. Salient details of a pilot installation in Hamilton County, IA are provided to guide others developing and scaling similar subgrade sensor systems.