bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on High Performance Direct-Driving Motor Applied to Swivel Spindle Head
Authors: Chen Shao Hsien , Hsu Chin Mou , Chiu Kuo Lin , Chan Chu Peng
Published: December 2014

Swivel spindle head is a key component used in five-axis machine tool of high performance and is of great importance in application and design. Nowadays, more and more components are manufactured by high performance multi-axis CNC machine tools, such as components of spaceflight, renewable energy and automobile, etc. Therefore, high performance machine tools of multiple axes are more and more urgently demanded, while Swivel spindle head is one of the most important components for a multi-axis machine tool. Hence, Swivel spindle head is one of the key to developers multi-axis machine tool . The study explores the highly responsive direct-driving motor able to drive the spindle head to rotate with multi-driving rotary technology. The dual-driving motor rotates via multi-driving units, generates torsion that magnifies and eliminates its clearance, and then drives the spindle head to rotate. Results of the test show that the completed machine tool can meet the standards of dual axis rotary head with high preformation in, no matter, speed, distance, positional accuracy, repeated accuracy or maximum torque, etc.
The Research of Order Picking Optimization Based on Jointown Pharmaceutical Logistics Center
Authors: Ji Shou Wen , Li Xiao Ting , Wang Yong
Published: December 2014

With the rapid development of modern logistics technology and automation information technology, the automation stereoscopic warehouse has been used more and more widely. As an important part of logistics system, it also plays an important role in the field of pharmaceutical logistics. In order to more effectively manage the automation stereoscopic warehouse, and improve the picking efficiency, reduce the cost of goods handling and storage, order picking optimization is required to reduce logistics costs and improve profitability. This paper adopts ant colony algorithm to build model and solve the problems of order picking optimization, and takes the Jointown pharmaceutical logistics center as an example to further verify the analysis and get more ideal optimization path simulation image.
Variables Sequence Calculating Method in the Process of Bayesian Network Constructing for Battlefield Damage Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Guang Yan
Published: December 2014

In order to improve damage diagnosis ability of maintenance personnel, constructing method of Bayesian network applied to weapon battlefield damage diagnosis is researched. Battlefield damage correlations among damaged parts of weapon are analyzed if one weapon is attacked by bombshells, and is the basis of damage diagnosis with the use of Bayesian network. Bayesian network for damage diagnosis is constructed based on K2 arithmetic. Variables sequence is the key factor of Bayesian network constructing, a statistical method of ascertaining variables sequence is presented with the use of weapon battlefield simulation technology.
PDR-Aided Algorithm with WiFi Fingerprint Matching for Indoor Localization
Authors: Yu Wen Bin , Li Peng , Chen Zhi , Li Chang
Published: December 2014

Recently, indoor localization is essential to enable location-based services for many mobile and social network applications. Due to fluctuation of the wireless signal, the accuracy of a simple WiFi fingerprint-based localization is not high. In this paper, we first exploit Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) technology to overcome the problem of the wireless signal fluctuation, then propose a PDR-aided algorithm with WiFi fingerprint matching for indoor localization, which using the PDR technology aided indoor localization. Experiments show that our algorithm has better accuracy than other indoor localization methods.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrocolloid Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Tamiyakul Hathaichanok , Dubas Stephan Thierry , Warisnoicharoen Warangkana
Published: December 2014

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of considerable interest for medical application due to their antimicrobial activity. However, only a limited number of natural polymers have been reported as colloidal stabilizers for AgNPs. This study aimed to synthesize AgNPs using hydrocolloids, alginate and carrageenan, as stabilizers. Hydrocolloid-capped AgNPs were synthesized by two methods: M1, a reductive sodium borohydride (NaBH4) method, and M2, a microwave assisted reduction method. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized for surface plasmon resonance (SPR), size, surface charge and morphology. From the results, AgNPs stabilized by alginate (al-AgNPs) and carrageenan (ca-AgNPs) were able to be synthesized by methods M1 and M2. The SPR absorption peak around 400 nm of AgNPs represented the formation of rather spherical particles. The AgNPs formed by method M1were narrower in size distribution than that of AgNPs formed by method M2. Laser doppler electrophoresis (LDE) showed negative surface charges of al-AgNPs and ca-AgNPs because the anionic hydrocolloid polymers consist of carboxylic acid (alginate) and sulfate (carrageenan). Conclusively, AgNPs can be successfully formed and stabilized by alginate and carrageenan. Hydrocolloid-capped AgNPs are stable due to the electrostatic repulsion and steric stabilization of such polymers.
A New Approach for Study of pH- Solubility Profile of Bleached Shellac Film by Drop Shape Analysis
Authors: Saengsod S. , Luangtana-Anan Manee
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study was to apply contact angle method for the determination of the pH solubility profile of bleached shellac film. Various pH of buffer solution was dropped on the bleached shellac film and drop shape analysis was investigated. The changes in the contact angle and contact line were recorded during 10-min measurement. The graphs of change in slope –obtained from plot between contact angle and time-and % change in contact line were plotted against various pH. The results illustrated the slight change in slope and % change in contact line at low pH while the significant change was reported at high pH. The results were in agreement with % dissolved film at various pH. The bleached shellac film started to dissolve at pH 7. The higher % dissolved film was obtained at pH 8 and 9 and at pH 10 was completely dissolved. Therefore, the contact angle method by the drop shape analysis, a simple method and less solvent used, can be an indicator for determination of pH solubility profile of bleached shellac. The result obtained could then be applied to the other substances.
Tablet Disintegrant Derived from Crosslinked Methacrylic Acid and Divinylbenzene Copolymers
Authors: Chansatidkosol Siraprapa , Opanasopit Praneet , Akkaramongkolporn Prasert
Published: December 2014

Methacrylic acid copolymers crosslinked with 0.25-16 % divinylbenzene were synthesized by free radical polymerization using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The products were washed, dried and passed through a 80-mesh sieve prior to determining their infrared spectra, swelling capacity in water and disintegrant efficacy for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) placebo tablet. The crosslinked methacrylic acid and divinylbenzene copolymers were successfully prepared as indicated by IR spectra, yielding around 50-80 %. The sieved particles of copolymers were white to faint yellow. In contact with water, they hydrated and swelled, where their swelling capacity was lowered with increasing the level of crosslink (divinylbenzene) in the copolymer structure. The copolymer with 0.25 % crosslink caused the MCC tablet to disintegrate fastest (1.2 min), corresponding to its highest swelling capacity. The disintegration efficacy increased with an increase in copolymer concentrations, but decreased with an increase in compression forces.
Development and Evaluation of Tamarind Seed Xyloglucan for Transdermal Patch of Clindamycin
Authors: Duangjit Sureewan , Buacheen Parin , Priebprom Pongsakorn , Limpanichkul Sittikun , Asavapichayont Panida , Chaimanee Porntip , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: December 2014

The object of this study was to develop the clindamycin transdermal patch using extracts of tamarind seeds as novel gelling agent for transdermal delivery. The patch was composed of tamarind seed extracts having xyloglucan as a main composition, 1% clindamycin, and various ratios of glycerin and propylene glycol i.e. 10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 2:8 and 0:10, as plasticizer and penetration enhancer, respectively. The clindamycin patch was prepared by casting method. The content of clindamycin in the patch, the tensile strength and the drug release from the patch were evaluated. Moreover, the cup and plate method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of clindamycin patch compared with commercial available clindamycin gel in the market, and Staphyllococcusaureus was used as test organism in this study. The results showed that the good physical stability of clindamycin patches were successfully prepared. The ratio of composition in the formulation affected the tensile strength and the drug release. As the ratio of propylene glycol to glycerin in the formulation was increased, the tensile strength and the drug release increased. The formulation composed of the ratio of glycerin and propylene glycol (4:6) showed the highest drug release and the best efficiency in antibiotic test. Our results indicated that the extracts of tamarind seeds could be a potential biopolymer and also applied as controlled release in transdermal delivery system.
Cytotoxicity of pH-Responsive Dextrin Nanogels against Human Osteosarcoma 143B Cells
Authors: Manchun Somkamon , Dass Crispin R. , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: December 2014

To overcome major side-effects, that is, cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), pH-responsive dextrin nanogels (DNGs) were developed for using as a smart drug carrier. DOX-loaded DNGs were fabricated by emulsion cross-linking technique using glyoxal as a cross-linking agent to form acid-sensitive, acetal bonds. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded DNGs on the human osteosarcoma 143B cell line. The cytotoxicity assay results showed that DOX-loaded DNGs retained high cell inhibition efficiency in 143B cells in a concentration- and treatment time-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity decreased with increasing ratio of glyoxal to dextrin. Observation of 143B cells by light microscopy showed the morphological changes after treatment with DOX-loaded DNGs. These results suggested that DOX-loaded DNGs with pH-sensitive properties is promising for use as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
Development of Oral Microemulsions of Morus alba Extract for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Noi-Ang Thapani , Charoensin Anusorn , Warangkanagool Aksiporn , Kulkong Athid , Soonthornsit Nattaporn , Pitaksuteepong Tasana
Published: December 2014

This study aimed to develop oral microemulsions (MEs) containing M. alba extract. The stability study of the extract incorporated in the ME was also included. First, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed using caprylic/capric triglyceride (oil), PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides (S), polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate (CoS). Propylene glycol (PG) was used as a cosolvent. Then, the formulations were chosen to incorporate MSE and subjected to stability testing at 4o C, room temperature (RT) and 45o C at 75% RH for 8 weeks. Physical stability of the formulations was assessed by visual observation on the precipitation, phase separation and cloud point. Chemical stability was determined by quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that with increasing the ratio of S/CoS, the area of ME existing region in phase diagrams increased. The addition of PG into aqueous phase at ratio 1:1 slightly affected the formation of MEs. Physical stability was not affected by temperature but was influenced by the components of the formulations. However, degradation of the extract was affected by both temperature and components of the formulations. The extract was stable at 4o C and RT. However, at 45o C, it degraded about 16-57%, depending on the components of the formulations. The best ME formulation consisted of 10% caprylic/capric triglyceride, 80% PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides and polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate (4:1), and 10% water and PG (1:1).
Pectin-Chitosan Multilayer Coated Microbeads of Diclofenac Sodium Prepared by Layer-by-Layer Technique
Authors: Cheewatanakornkool Kamonrak , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: December 2014

The main objective of this study was to fabricate biopolymer-based microbeads, providing enteric properties and controlled release of diclofenac sodium, using layer-by-layer technique. The calcium pectinate microbeads have been designed and coated with chitosan and pectin multilayers. Drug release was performed in simulate gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for 2 hours, followed by pH 6.8 buffer for 8 hours. The effects of chitosan concentration, number of layer and drying technique on drug release were investigated. The results showed that the calcium pectinate microbeads could be simply prepared by ionotropic gelation and then coated with chitosan and pectin solutions using layer-by-layer procedure. The diameter of the microbeads ranged from 800 to 1000 μm for air-dried samples and from 1 to 2 mm for freeze-dried samples. The freeze-dried microbeads had a rough surface and many pores inside, as observed by SEM. The microbeads coated with 4% chitosan/4% pectin revealed a slower drug release than those coated with 1% chitosan/4% pectin and demonstrated a controlled release pattern. Moreover, different drying techniques and numbers of layer also influenced drug release behavior of the prepared microbeads.
Effect of Solid Lipid and Liquid Oil Ratios on Properties of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Oral Curcumin Delivery
Authors: Sangsen Yaowaporn , Laochai Punsupang , Chotsathidchai Pravara , Wiwattanapatapee Ruedeekorn
Published: December 2014

In this study, three nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) formulations comprised of varying ratios of lipid (Compritol® 888 ATO) and oil (Labrafac® CC) including 4:1, 3:2, and 2.5:2.5, were developed by high shear homogenization technique. The effect of different ratios on the physicochemical properties and release profiles of the formulations were investigated. Increasing the amount of liquid oil increased the particle size and zeta potential whereas decreased size distribution of the blank and curcumin loaded NLC. However, the entrapment efficacy and loading capacity of the NLC for curcumin were not increased following such ratios. The different ratios were not influence on the sequence of sustained release of curcumin from the NLC over 60 h. Moreover, the amorphous curcumin and crystalline behavior of the optimized NLC were characterized by DSC and XRD techniques. Thus, the effect of the proportions of solid lipid and liquid oil in the formulations should be considered for development of suitable NLC system for oral curcumin delivery.
Polymeric Micelles for Enhanced Solubility of Meloxicam in Oral Drug Delivery
Authors: Woraphatphadung Thisirak , Sajomsang Warayuth , Rojanarata Theerasak , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Opanasopit Praneet
Published: December 2014

N-arylsuccinyl chitosan was successfully synthesized by introducing hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties into the chitosan backbone. Incorporation efficiency of the drug-loaded micelles, particle size, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vitro drug release were investigated. Meloxicam (MX) as a model drug was loaded into the inner core of the micelles by solvent evaporation method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of micelles was found to be 0.0385 mg/ml. N-arylsuccinyl chitosan micelles were able to entrap hydrophobic drug (MX) and have particle sizes in the range of 342.1- 444.2 nm. The micelles could enhance solubility of MX with high incorporation efficiency (32.72%). The cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells to be dependent on the concentration of N-arylsuccinyl chitosan with the IC50 value of 3.23 +/- 0.08 mg/ml. Therefore, N-arylsuccinyl chitosan polymeric micelle presents interest to improve solubility of hydrophobic drug for oral drug delivery.
In Situ Formation of Ti Matrix Composites Reinforced Nanometric TiC by Powder Metallurgy Technique
Authors: Wang Chun Ming , Gao Si Yu , Xiao Su Fen , Chen Yun Gui
Published: December 2014

In-situ formation of nanometric TiC reinforcements based on Ti matrix composites were researched by a novel preparation method, which including glucose polymers coating and powder metallurgy. The results showed that TiC nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed in Ti matrix, and the as-sintered Ti-TiC composites displayed excellent compressive properties which ultimate compressive strength was 2500 MPa, yield strength was 1450 MPa and strain to fracture was 53 %.
Determination of the Whole Stiffness of Paper Plate
Authors: Guo Sheng , Huang De Yi
Published: December 2014

A device has been designed to measure the whole stiffness which is behalf of paper plate’s carrying capacity. When the device was working, one end of the paper plate was hold as a hand did, the other end of the paper plate was pushed to 15°angle from the horizontal surface, and the force on the paper plate was recorded. Comparing load-bearing performance, the whole stiffness is more accurate to reveal the differences of the paper plates.
Analysis of the Influence of High-Speed Railway on Power Quality
Authors: Xiong Jun Jie , Wang Wen Bin , He Wei
Published: December 2014

This paper analyzes the influence of ChangJiu High-speed Railway on power quality. Compared with the traditional AC-DC electric locomotive, AC-DC-AC electric locomotive has been widely used in High-speed Railway which harmonic content decreased significantly, power factor also improved. Based on the RTDS simulation, voltage sags have not been caused when electric locomotive is starting.
Fault Diagnosis of Traction Inverter Based on Wavelet Analysis and Neural Network
Authors: Wang Ya Fei , Zhang Wen Ming , Ge Xing Lai , Lu Yang
Published: December 2014

Due to IGBT open-circuit fault of CRH2 EMU’s traction inverter, a method of its fault diagnosis with the three-phase current signals as detection objects is conducted. By applying the wavelet analysis, three-phase current signals are decomposed for four times. With the coefficients of each layer obtained, the energy values of layers are calculated as well as the vectors corresponding to failure modes. According to the vectors regarded as input and the expected output, a BP neural network is established. Through training the network, the parameters of network can be defined. In addition, to test and evaluate the performance of network, certain noise is added to the three-phase current signals. Simulation results show it is feasible for the fault diagnosis of traction inverter.
A New Coupled Map Car-Following Model Considering the Synergy Effect of Ahead-Backward Vehicles
Authors: Zhou Tong , Li Yu Xuan , Li Xiu Yun , Zeng Cheng
Published: December 2014

Based on the pioneer work of Konishi et al., with consideration of the influence of the synergy effect of ahead-backward vehicles on the traffic flow, we develop a new coupled map car-following model on single road. By applying the control theory, the stability condition of our model is derived. To check the validity of the present theoretical scheme, the numerical simulation is carried out for our model, and it confirms the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
The Upper Bound of Primitive Exponent of a Class of Special Nonnegative Matrix Pairs
Authors: Luo Mei Jin
Published: December 2014

There is a one-to-one relationship between nonnegative matrix pairs and two-colored digraph. With the knowledge of graph theory, by studying the associated directed digraph of a class of special nonnegative matrix pairs, that is a class of two-colored digraphs whose uncolored digraph have 3n-1 vertices and consists of one (3n-1)-cycle and one n-cycle are considered. The exponent and characteristic of extreme two-colored digraphs are given.
Ubiquitous Library Service System Architecture Research Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Hai Hua
Published: December 2014

As the development trend of future library, with powerful architecture and technical support provided by cloud computing, ubiquity has become an integrated data storage centre where can obtain resources anytime and anywhere. This paper discusses the constructive contents of ubiquitous library under cloud computing environment and designs the service system frame of ubiquitous library based on cloud computing form four levers: ubiquitous computing and resource pool, ubiquitous network, ubiquitous service application, ubiquitous terminal and perceptual extension. Meanwhile, it also detailed introduces the main function of each level.
Optimization of Multi-Depot Heterogeneous Incident Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Windows Based on an Improved Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Tang Ya Lian , Cai Yan Guang , Yang Qi Jiang
Published: December 2014

Aiming at vehicle routing problem (VRP) with many extended features is widely used in actual life, multi-depot heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (MDHIVRPSTW) mathematical model is established. An improved ant colony optimization (IACO) is proposed for solving this model. Firstly, MDHIVRPSTW was transferred into different groups according to nearest depot method, then constructing the initial route by scanning algorithm (SA). Secondly, genetic operators were introduced, and then adjusting crossover probability and mutation probability adaptively in order to improve the global search ability of the algorithm. Moreover, smooth mechanism was used to improve the performance of ant colony optimization (ACO). Finally, 3-opt strategy was used to improve the local search ability. The proposed IACO has been tested on a 32-customer instance which was generated randomly. The experimental results show that IACO is superior to other three algorithms in terms of convergence speed and solution quality, thus the proposed method is effective and feasible, and the proposed model is better than conventional model.
Watermarking Scheme Resilient to Geometrical Attacks Base Normalized Feature Area
Authors: Lou Ou Jun , Tang Shuang Tong , Li Shao Hua
Published: December 2014

The crucial of design a robust image watermarking scheme is cope with geometrical attacks in transform domain.In this paper, a novel feature-based image watermarking scheme resilient to the geometrical attacks is proposed. Firstly, the harris-affine detector is utilized to extract invariant feature points from the host image. Then, by the feature scale of the local structure, the feature regions are adaptively computed and normalized. Finally, several copies of the digital watermark are embedded into the nonoverlapped local feature regions by quantizing the magnitude vectors of the DFT middle frequency. During detection, the resynchronization is achieved through feature points. And the embedded sequence can be extracted by “majority principles” without resorting to the original host image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good transparency and is very robust to common image processing and geometric attacks.
A Study on Static Water Resistance Prediction of Offshore Wind Turbine Installation Vessel
Authors: Xin Lei , Ng Chang Han , Yang Song Lin
Published: December 2014

A mathematical model is proposed for predicting static water resistance of offshore wind turbine installation vessel and to calculate the resistance of a certain type of offshore wind turbine installation vessel. In order to verify the efficiency of this mathematical model, the comparison between results calculated by it and actual model test has been made. The conclusion indicates that the estimation method is reliable, and it can provide reference for resistance calculation of similar type vessels. Currently in China, there are no references for the effective prediction and calculation of the resistance for offshore wind turbine installation vessel. Therefore the proposed method has important value of engineering application in the areas of effective resistance estimation method of offshore wind turbine installation vessel, as well as the numerical calculation of ship hydrodynamics.
Contrastive Analysis on Parameter Identification of Unmanned Gliding-Hydrofoil Craft’s Maneuverability Based on GA and PSO
Authors: Wang Meng Yun , Xu Hai Tong , Yang Song Lin , Chen Yi
Published: December 2014

In this paper, the mathematical model of unmanned gliding-hydrofoil craft’s maneuverability is established by parameter identification theory. The objective function is established based on the data obtained in the experiment in towing tank. Two kinds of identification programs that genetic algorithm(GA) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) are written based on MATLAB. Each parameter of the objective function is identified based on the two programs respectively. The feasibility of the mathematical model is manifested by comparing the results of identification with experimental data. A full analysis and comparison is performed at the optimize efficiencies of the two programs.
Grey Relational Analysis and its C# Program in Analysis of Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Zhao Xiao Gang , Zhou Yi , Zhao Jian Yu , Yang Xiao Yuan , Zheng Xing
Published: December 2014

With the rapid development of petroleum industry in China, the electrical heat tracing becomes very important for viscous oil transportation, while the heat insulation acts as the key to the application of electrical heat tracing. Rigid polyurethane foam has been widely used in long-distance pipelines for its advantages as the heat insulation material. However, there is also a lack of systematic analysis on the impact factors of such material, thus it is urgent to find out a practical method to distinguish the major impact factors. This paper introduces the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) with its C# program, and it is proposed to analyze the actual impact factors of rigid polyurethane foam. The application shows that this method is practical, simple, rapid and accurate, so it suitable for similar applications in other fields.
Target Recognition and Tracking Algorithm without Training Samples: Sand-Table Algorithm
Authors: Li Jia Qi , Li Chu Guang , Tian Xiao Lin
Published: December 2014

In this paper, Working on the design of a algorithm :sand-table algorithm.The algorithm could work well in recognizing and tracking an single moving target shot by camera or in a video .The algorithm works simple with low operation cost.May used in tracking different object of many kinds.The algorithm imitate the the process of falling sands to Greatly enhance the tracking ability and tracking accuracy.
The Design of Real-Time and High-Speed Video Processing Platform for Aerial UAV Based on DM642
Authors: Wei Ming Zhe , Tang Wan Wei
Published: December 2014

With the rapid development of aerial UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), the design of real-time data acquisition and transmission system for the video signal has a new applied field. It is different from traditional video acquisition and processing system, aerial video signal has the problems of screen jitter and spatial interference. The processing algorithm of aerial UAV airborne video signal is put forward in the paper, and the platform of high speed procession is constructed based on chip TMS320DM642, and get a good effect.
A Prescriptive Approach to Assign Weights to Customer Needs for System Design
Authors: Zhang Xin  Wei , Tong Shu Rong , Wang Ke Qin
Published: December 2014

It is a common practice to assign weights to customer needs in Requirements Engineering. However, there are three hidden traps underlying this practice, which may lead to distortion of customer preferences. Aiming to mitigate these traps, a three-step approach based on group decision analysis is proposed. In the 1st step, real customer needs are identified and structured. Then, measurable attributes are identified for each customer need and used as the input parameters to establish a multi-attribute utility function for individuals. In the 3rd step, customer group’s different preferences are derived from individual customer’s preference to determine a final weight for each customer need. The approach is validated through a case study.
Thoughts on Product Development Oriented to Sustainability in Organizational Overview
Authors: Mattioda Rosana Adami , Canciglieri Junior Osiris , Fernandes Pamela Teixeira , Casela Jose Luiz , Mazzi Anna
Published: December 2014

The process of product development is increasingly critical factor for the competitiveness of the companies, especially with the increasing internationalization of markets, increased diversity and reduced product life cycle. Besides, companies must be willing to promote the concepts of sustainability to create products that offer environmental, social and economic benefits while protecting public health, welfare and environmental. Because it is of crucial strategic point within organizations, as part of the thought on the product development process, it was accomplished a literature review with the aim of understanding how sustainability is being addressed in product development models. The selected models were verified through a content analysis in order to identify and map the activities of the development process that were related to sustainable product design (presented in a descriptive framework). The study results show that the discussion on models of product development oriented to sustainability is still very fragmented in the literature and there is a concentration of approach to the topic in phases related to informational design and conceptual design. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to deepen the application of concepts related to sustainability in product development from an overview of their processes, since evolution has occurred most often in practices directed at engineering processes and aids tools. The analysis of the articles also found that companies, whether by legal pressures, market or consumers, need to adopt sustainability systemically into their strategies, where all parties are considered. The final product should incorporate the concepts related to the triple bottom line throughout all phases of the project in order to optimize the development process and ensure truly sustainable product. It is believed that companies that adopt these more sustainable practices for their products will certainly change the behaviour related to consumer, social equity and preserving the planet.
Study on Factors Effecting Wayfinding and its Impact on Hospitals
Authors: Agarwal Mrinalini , Yarlagadda Prasad K.D.V.
Published: December 2014

Wayfinding is the navigation of an individual through a complex built environment. This process is affected by internal and external factors that differ in various complex fields. Thus wayfinding is different in airports, hospitals, offices or shopping arcades. This paper specifically investigates various factors that are relevant to hospitals in NCR (National Capital Region, including New Delhi and Gurgaon) India. In addition, attempts were made to present a comparative study between a leading hospital and other hospitals in NCR.
Maintenance of Hot Processing Apparatus in Steel Industries: Effects on Production Output
Authors: dos Reis Rubens Alberto , Marçal Rui Francisco Martins , Czelusniak Dani Juliano
Published: December 2014

This paper states and alerts over the overall and attribution of cooling and heating times of apparatus or furnaces as the indicators utilized for the assessment of the maintenance performance and production planning. It states that, where the variable temperature is present in any hot processing apparatus of the steel industries, the maintenance group should act integrated with production in order to adequate the planning practices sharing the responsibilities. The time of apparatus stoppage or operational unavailability for production does not follow the standard and attribution as an indicator for the “time taken to repair” or the “time without production”, which depends on the cause of the needs to stop. In the case of maintenance process, such times are recorded as the total time of intervention. Through the survey was possible to assert that the cooling and heating times are not considered separately. Ratios between the total time of stoppage with cooling time, repair maintenance time, and heating time ready for production were investigated. The conclusion of the study shows that integrated planning is an important factor for optimized planning and control for the efficacy of production output of the company.
Effect of the Solid-Solution Treatment on the Die-Casting Structures and Properties of Commercial RE-AZ91D Mg Alloy
Authors: Liu Zhi Chao , Li Yao , Yang Jun Jie
Published: December 2014

Effect of the solid-solution treatment on the structures and properties of the die-casting AZ91D alloy with mixed rare-earth elements was explored.The results show that the the tensile strength and the elongation ratio δ have been improved by solid-solution treatment.The higher the treatment temperature was,the better the improvement were.With the increase of the temperature,the content of β phase was lower when those of M-RE compound and the refinement α phase were higher.The tensile strength can reach 304.74Mpa and the elongation ratio can reach 11% after the solid-solution treatment of 370°C×16h.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-Doped Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Jiang Ning , Jin Shuang Ling , Shao Xia , Zhang Hua Feng , Li Zhi Jun , Zhang Shi Min , Jin Ming Lin , Zhang Rui
Published: December 2014

The carbon aerogels doped with nickel were produced by sol-gel, supercritical ethanol drying, and high-temperature carbonization, using resorcinol-furfural as carbon source, nickel nitrate as nickel source, absolute ethanol as dispersion medium, 1,2-epoxypropane as gel initiator, polyacrylic acid as the chelating agent. The carbon aerogels were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and XRD. The effects of the molar ratio of 1,2-epoxypropane to nickel on porosity of the Ni-doped carbon aerogels were investigated. It is found that the Ni-doped carbon aerogels have abundant mesopores and the doped nickel is dispersed in samples in metallic state and oxide or pure metal depending on the preparation conditions. The mesopore volume and average mesopore size all increase with the ratio of 1,2-epoxypropane to nickel.
The Effect of Compound Corrosion Inhibitor of Sodium Silicate in the Chlorine Dioxide Solution
Authors: Wang Kui Tao , He Dong Long , Gao Jin Long , Gu Na , Meng Qing Lai
Published: December 2014

The corrosion inhibition effect of composite inhibitors of sodium silicate on carbon steel was studied in 200 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution by static weight-loss method at room temperature (25 °C) .Analyzed the possible corrosion mechanism and the optimal conditions. The results show that sodium silicate and HEDP had apparent synergistic effect in chlorine dioxide solution. When the mass concentration of sodium silicate was 200 mg/L and HEDP was 100 mg/L can make the corrosion inhibiting rate on carbon steel up to 86.58%.
The Effect of pH on the Fluorescence Properties of Thermally Stable CMC/Eu Complexes
Authors: Wang Ben , Ye Jun , Xiong Jian
Published: December 2014

CMC/Eu complexes were synthesized in different pH values by reacting with Eu3+ and CMC, a kind of biodegradable polymer. FT-IR results confirmed that, on CMC chains, carboxyl groups and the oxygen atom of unsubstituted hydroxyl groups and ether bonds were all involved in the reaction with Eu3+. TG analysis showed that CMC/Eu complexes were thermally stable in a wide temperature range from 30 to 300°C. The emission intensity decreased when the pH value increased from 7.0 to 12.0. However, at pH=12, because that the extent of reaction of Eu3+ and CMC decreased and CMC degraded, the complexes had a weak fluorescence intensity.
A Fundamental Study on Anchor Performance of CFRP Tendons with Compressed Anchor Sleeve
Authors: Jung Woo Tai , Keum Moon Seoung , Choi Sung Yong , Kang Jae Yoon , Park Jong Sup
Published: December 2014

The anchoring of CFRP tendon can be performed by wedging, bonding or compressing. The wedge type anchor, used for PS steel tendon, is inappropriate for direct application to the CFRP tendon due to its low lateral stiffness. Since the bond performance of the CFRP tendon depends on the anchor performance, the bond type anchor presents the problem of requiring long steel sleeve in case of low bond performance or high tensile performance. Compared to the bond type anchor, the compressing type anchor offers better applicability but necessitates the development of a sleeve fitted to the dimensions of each CFRP tendon. This study intends to examine the anchoring characteristics of the compressed sleeve for the temporary anchorage of a CFRP tendon with diameter of 10 mm. To that goal, the properties of the 10 mm-diameter CFRP tendon were assessed using the bond type anchor and the corresponding anchor performance is compared to that of the compressed anchor. The test results revealed that the use of spacers in the compressed anchor provided lower anchor performance due to the characteristics of the spacers. For the specimen without spacer, the micro-deformations formed inside the sleeve were seen to compress the CFRP tendon by gearing directly the tendon and to provide anchor performance reaching about 72% of the tensile strength of the CFRP tendon. Further study shall develop a sleeve with increased compress force on the CFRP tendon so as to improve the anchor performance of the compressed sleeve. Moreover, solution shall also be provided to introduce a uniform compress force.
ZnO/SnO2/Montmorillonite Composite for Inhibition of Cyanobacterial Bloom
Authors: Gu Na , Gao Jin Long , Wang Kui Tao , Dong Wen Cui , Ma Yu Lin
Published: December 2014

ZnO/SnO2/montmorillonite that could flocculate and restrict the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa used as a probe of cyanobacterial was prepared and characterized by means of XRD and TEM. In ZnO/SnO2/montmorillonite, ZnO and SnO2 nanoparticles disperse on montmorillonite surface. The determinations of chlorophyll a levels and total soluble protein content demonstrate that ZnO/SnO2/montmorillonite has stronger flocculation effect on Microcystis aeruginosa compared with natural montmorillonit under visible light, and has a good photocatalytic degradation effect on Microcystis aeruginosa under UV irradiation. Under UV, 96.79% removal efficiency is achieved for Microcystis aeruginosa in 1h using 50mg.L-1 ZnO/SnO2/montmorillonite. The synergy of absorption flocculation and photocatalysis of ZnO/SnO2/montmorillonite promotes the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa.
Effects of Compound Treatment of Pulsed Magnetic Field and Mechanical Vibration on Solidified Structure of Mg97Y2Cu1 Alloy
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhou Quan , Zhang Sen
Published: December 2014

The influences of different pulse voltage, pulse frequency, pouring temperature and mold temperature on solidified structure of Mg97Y2Cu1 alloy reinforced by long-period ordered structure with compound treatment of pulsed magnetic field and mechanical vibration were studied. The results show that grains of the alloy can be refined greatly with compound treatment. Primary phase degrades from developed dendrites into rosette-shaped crystal. Distribution of second phase is more uniform and continuous, and its volume fraction increases. When the pulse voltage is at 0-280V or the pulse frequency is at 1-10Hz, grain size of the alloy decreases dramatically as pulse voltage or pulse frequency increases. When the pouring temperature is at 660-750°C or the mold temperature is at 20-600 oC, grain size of the alloy with compound treatment decreases grossly with the increase of the pouring temperature or the mold temperature.
The Transformation of ZnO Nanostructures Prepared by Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Mekla Vatcharinkorn , Tipparach Udom
Published: December 2014

ZnO nanostructures prepared by thermal evaporation method using Zn metal plate in water vapor were invitigated. The Zn metal plates were ultrasinically cleaned at room temperature and then heated in a furnace at temperatures ranging from 350 to 430 °C for 2 hours. The ZnO nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD patterns show the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. SEM images indicate that the ZnO structures depend on preparation temperatures. The density of ZnO nanostructures increase as the temperature increases. The transformation of ZnO nanostructures was observed to be temperature dependence. The nanostructures are nanorods when prepared at temperature below 400 °C, nanowires when prepared at 400 °C, and nanoflakes when prepared temperatures of 410 °C or higher. This approach provides the capability of creating patterned 1D ZnO nanowires at 430 °C. The diameter of ZnO nanowires werevaried from 20 nm to 70 nm and length of several 400 micrometers.
Transverse Magnetoelectric Effect in Nickel Zinc Ferrite-Lead Zirconate Titanate Layered Composites
Authors: Cao Hong Xia , Shi Qian , You Jia Yang , Fang Yu , Sun Huang
Published: December 2014

By using a elastic mechanics model the transverse magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of magnetostrictive-piezoelectric bilayer is derived according to the constitutive equations. The transverse magnetoelectric coupling of nickel zinc ferrite-lead zirconate titanate (Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4–Pb (Zr,Ti)O3, NZFO-PZT) layered composites were calculated by using the corresponding material parameters of individual phases. NZFO samples have been synthesized with sol–gel technique. Layered composites NZFO-PZT and NZFO-PZT-NZFO have been fabricated by binding discs of NZFO and commercially available PZT, and the transverse magnetoelectric effect have been investigated. The peak value of transverse magnetoelectric voltage coefficient for NZFO-PZT-NZFO trilayer reaches 252.4 mV/cmOe under a bias magnetic field of about 320 Oe, which is about three times as large as that of NZFO-PZT bilayer. The interface coupling parameter of trilayer is significantly higher than that of bilayer.
Preparation of One-Dimension Orthorhombic NaNbO3 Long Rods by Combining Hydrothermal Method with Post-Heat Treatment
Authors: Zhang De Qing , Shi Feng , Cheng Jun Ye , Yang Xiu Ying , Cao Mao Sheng
Published: December 2014

One-dimensional orthorhombic NaNbO3long rods were successfully prepared by combining a traditional hydrothermal method with the post-heat treatment. In the hydrothermal reaction process, sandia octahedral molecular sieves (SOMS) were synthesized at 160°C using Nb2O5and NaOH as the initial reactants. Then, the effects of different post-heat treatment conditions on the morphology and crystallinity of product were investigated. Results showed that post-heat temperature could promote the crystal of the product to form orthorhombic NaNbO3, and the axis of the long rod ran along the [001] direction of NaNbO3orthorhombic unit cell. Our study may provide a new approach for the preparation and investigation of one-dimensional alkali niobate photocatalytic materials and template grain for textured alkali niobium.
A High-Performance Lightweight Over-Strength UHMWPE UD Cloth Preparation
Authors: Meng Xiang Hui , Lu Gang , Da Wei Feng
Published: December 2014

A self-developed differentiated UHMWPE fiber preparation technology and surface modification technology are applied in developing UD cloth preparation process in order to produce uniform and stabilized fiber. By screening thermoplastic elastics, a hybrid elastic matrix resin system is developed to improve the inter-facial bonding properties and anti-aging properties between the fiber and matrix resin. An organic/inorganic hybrid approach is opted to develop nanoenhanced hybrid elastic matrix resin in order to form a physical network which can pass shock load.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Confined Fluid in Graphene Nanopores
Authors: Li Kun , Sha Jing Jie , Liu Lei , Wu Gen Sheng , Si Wei , Chen Yun Fei
Published: December 2014

With the miniaturization of the NEMS/MEMS, the size effect becomes significant in the nanochannels/nanopores through which fluid flows as well as the interface effect. By all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the ion transportation is investigated in nanopores as well as the physical properties at solid-liquid interface. To describe the anion and cation distributions of NaCl solution in vicinity of graphene nanopores, a new MD model was developed, taking thermal vibration of wall atoms, the structure of solvent molecules and ion sizes into consideration. The main peak locations of ion distributions stayed unchanged by changing the nanopore size, the solution concentration and the electric field strength. The ionic currents increased linearly with the diameter and the electric field strength, while it increased non-linearly with the solution concentration.
Effect of Beeswax, Palmitic Acid and Stearic Acid on Soybean Protein-Isolation/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composite Films
Authors: Zhang Chao , Guo Xiao Fei , Ma Yue , Zhao Xiao Yan
Published: December 2014

The effects of beeswax, palmitic acid and stearic acid on properties of soybean protein-isolate/carboxymethyl cellulose composite films were compared. The palmitic acid leaded to a higher tensile strength, water vapor barrier and oxygen barrier of composite films than the beeswax and stearic acid. However, the palmitic acid lowered the elongation at break and leaded to a slight yellow. Hence, the palmitic acid was a better option to improve the tensile strength and water vapor barrier of soybean protein-isolate/carboxymethyl cellulose composite films.
Investigate into Variation Cashmere Fibers with Raman Spectra
Authors: Zhang Li Wen , Liu Han Chen , Yan Xiang An , Su Yao Heng , Zhang Guo Qing
Published: December 2014

There is much fluorescence for impurities on the variation cashmere fiber surface; the characteristic of the Raman spectrum is not obvious. Based on the orthogonal principle, variation cashmere fiber is purified by soaking in different component water/organic solvents, and cleaning with ultrasonic wave. Through measuring and analyzing the Raman spectrum, we confirm the optimal organic solvent system, soaking time and temperature for the cleanse technology of variation cashmere. The result shows that, the variation cashmere fiber is soaked in diethyl ether/aqueous organic solvent in the optimal condition, the Raman spectrum appears good peak-area ratio, and we get cleanest variation cashmere fiber.
Preparation and Characterization of Amine-Modified Maleated Polypropylene
Authors: Ma Yi , Liang Wen Bin , Zhang Yin Ling
Published: December 2014

In this study, reactive processing of maleated polypropylene with different types of amine modifiers, including 1,12-diaminododecane, tetraethylenepentamine, p-phenylenediamine, and 1,6-diaminlhexane were carried out. The changes in melt viscosity, molecular weight and its distribution, as well as crystallization were measured and discussed. All the modified samples exhibited increased molecular weight and enhanced branching structure compared to the virgin maleated PP. Aniline modified sample exhibited the highest weight average molar mass., while polyamide-modified maleated PP showed the highest degree of branching. It was also noted that all of the amine-modified samples showed higher crystallization and melting temperatures than that of the unmodified sample.
Research on Influence Factor of Scale in ASP Flooding
Authors: Hou Zhi Feng
Published: December 2014

Machine production well scaling is one of the three components flooding oil technology industrialization main bottleneck problem. With the mining into the scaling in the late three, strong base ASP flooding produced liquid system formed under the condition of the molecular state scale. Preparation of calcium carbonate particles indoor system, by using a particle size analyzer to evaluate the ASP’s single agent on the growth of calcium carbonate particle effects, to investigate the molecular state scaling mechanism, the results show that the adsorption effect on package fouling mechanism and polymer into molecular state scale.