bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEEDLING COMPETITION OF SOME GRASSES IN MONO- AND MIXED CULTURE UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Authors: SMOLIAK S. , JOHNSTON A.
Published: March 2010

Seedlings of three slow-developing grass species — crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.), Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), and Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) — and of two rapid-developing species — pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum (Link.) Richt.) and slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulum (Link.) Malte.) — were grown in monocultures or in mixed cultures in the greenhouse and evaluated at 30 days. Areas of lamina and sheath and weight of sheath were greatly affected by competitive stress. Crested wheatgrass and Russian and Altai wild ryegrasses performed better when grown with slender wheatgrass than when grown with pubescent wheatgrass. It is suggested that slender wheatgrass should be grown in mixture with each of the three grasses to determine if similar relationships would occur under field conditions.
FEEDING VALUE OF SILAGE FROM A TILLERING AND A NONTILLERING HYBRID CORN
Authors: BOWDEN D. M. , McLAUGHLIN N. B. , FREYMAN S.
Published: March 2010

Whole-plant silages made from a tillering corn hybrid (Zea mays L.) and a nontillering corn hybrid had similar digestibilities of dry matter, energy, and protein as assessed with wether sheep. When the silages were fed as the only feed for 56 days to yearling Hereford steers weighing an average of 370 kg, the intake of silage from the nontillering corn tended to be low and the steers only maintained their weight. Steers fed silage from the tillering corn gained 0.45 kg/day. However, with supplemental steamed, rolled barley being given for the remainder of the 112 days, average weight gains for the total period did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between steers on the two silages. When barley was fed with each of the silages at 0.5% of body weight, the average daily gain of steers for 112 days was the same for the two silages (0.79 kg/day). The digestible energy consumed per unit of gain did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between the two silages. We conclude that, when fed with a limited amount of barley, silages of equal feeding value could be made from tillering and nontillering corn hybrids grown in southern Alberta.
EFFECTS OF CATTLE DUNG AND DUNG BEETLE ACTIVITY ON GROWTH OF BEARDLESS WHEATGRASS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: MACQUEEN ANGUS , BEIRNE BRYAN P.
Published: March 2010

The nutrient value of fresh cattle dung for British Columbia rangeland plants was evaluated over two seasons in a pot experiment using depleted range soil and beardless wheatgrass, Agropyron spicatum var. inerme Heller. Dung treatments comprised fresh cattle feces (200 g) mixed manually with the soil, or worked in by the dung beetle Onthophagus nuchicornis (L.), or the same quantity of dung was placed intact on the soil without burial. There were also fertilizer treatments at 67 kg N/ha and 269 kg N/ha. Total incorporation of the fresh dung into the soil increased total crude protein production, potential seed production, and the vigor of the grass over 2 yr. Burial of an average 37% of the available dung by beetles caused a 38% increase in crude protein over that of the control. Crude protein production of grass treated with 67 kg N/ha was 95% higher than the control, while that treated with 269 kg N/ha was 144% higher. These rangelands have an impoverished native dung beetle fauna in comparison with some other climatically similar areas of the world. Efficient dung beetles should bury cattle dung more effectively during the growing season than do the present species. Establishment of such new species might provide an aid to nutrient recirculation and, through this, to maintenance of rangeland productivity.
COLOR, FIRMNESS, STARCH CONTENT, AND PERSISTENCE OF 2-CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID IN McINTOSH APPLES
Authors: MILLER S. R.
Published: March 2010

Ethephon plus 2,4,5-TP stimulated color development and fruit softening of McIntosh (Malus sylvestris Mill.) apples after 7–10 days. Most of the large differences in fruit pressure observed 10 or more days after treatment were lost after 2 or 3 mo storage at 1 C. Analysis for residual ethephon indicated that its breakdown in McIntosh apples occurred at the same rate at room temperature, on the tree or in storage at 1 C. The rate of breakdown was rapid for the first 17 days but decreased to a much slower rate after 30 days. The lack of color response with ethephon and 2,4,5-TP in some seasons was attributed to factors other than a slow breakdown of ethephon in the fruit.
CONTRIBUTION OF LEAVES AND STEMS TO YIELD AND QUALITY OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS AND ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS
Authors: KILCHER M. R.
Published: March 2010

Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.) commenced growth early in May and grew until early July. Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) commenced growth about 7 days later and grew until late July. The sparsity of stems in Altai wild ryegrass resulted in leaves contributing from 70 to 80% of total plant yield from June to October. During the same period, leaves of Russian wild ryegrass contributed from 50 to 60% of total plant yield. Leaves of Altai wild ryegrass varied in crude protein content from 21.0 to 5.5% throughout the season compared to 13.5−7.5% for Russian wild ryegrass. Crude protein of stems was similar for the two grasses throughout the season and ranged from 10 to 2%. Organic matter digestibility of the leaves in the two grasses was about 70% in mid-May and about 50% in October. Through July to September, however, the values for Russian wild ryegrass were 5–7% higher than those for Altai wild ryegrass. Digestibility of stems of both grasses was similar and fell to less than 40% from mid-July onward.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 15. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Authors: CODY WILLIAM J. , CROMPTON CLIFFORD W.
Published: March 2010

A summary is provided of information on the biology of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, bracken, a fern species, cosmopolitan in its distribution and comprising several subspecies and varieties. Two varieties occur in Canada where they are particularly weedy in pastures and rough terrain. Bracken has been shown to be carcinogenic in rats, to be responsible for enzootic bovine haematuria in cattle, and to cause vitamin B1 avitaminosis in horses and other nonruminants.
BANFF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS
Authors: LEBEAU J. B. , HANNA M. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
AUGUSTA LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: AALDERS L. E. , HALL I. V. , ISMAIL A. A. , HEPLER P. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF WINTER INJURY TO FORAGE LEGUME, WINTER CEREAL AND STRAWBERRY PLANTS IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, 1901–1975
Authors: SUZUKI MICHIO , BLACK W. N. , CUTCLIFFE J. A. , STERLING J. D. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
PERTH BARLEY
Authors: REINBERGS E.
Published: March 2010

not available
ALGONQUIN ALFALFA
Authors: BAENZIGER H.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND POPULATION DENSITY ON GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: HEGDE B. R. , MAJOR D. J. , WILSON D. B. , KROGMAN K. K.
Published: March 2010

Row spacings of 18–72 cm and population densities of 75,000 to 346,000 plants/ha had no consistent effect on grain yield of two sorghum hybrids (Pride X4004 and Pride X4053) because of compensating variations within yield components. Grain yield per panicle increased as row spacing increased but this was offset by a decrease in panicles per plant and panicles per square meter. Grain yield per panicle, panicles per plant, and panicles per square meter decreased as population density increased. The choice of row spacing and population density in field production will, therefore, depend on convenience factors related to crop management. Evapotranspiration for the growing season was 179 mm in 1973 and 204 mm in 1974. Highest water use efficiencies occurred at the low population densities and narrow row spacings. There were differences between the two hybrids. Grain yield of Pride X4004 was greater than that of Pride X4053 because the former produced a greater number of seed-bearing tillers. Grain yield differences in Pride X4004 among the three experiments were due to differences in grain yield per panicle.
POTENTIAL FOR WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTION IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: FOWLER D. B. , GUSTA L. V. , BOWREN K. E. , CROWLE W. L. , MALLOUGH E. D. , McBEAN D. S. , McIVER R. N.
Published: March 2010

Winter cereal trials consisting of 10 cultivars representing cold hardiness potentials ranging up to the hardiness of Frontier winter rye were seeded at test sites throughout Saskatchewan for 2 yr. At most sites in the Brown soil zone only winter rye survived without extensive winter damage. At sites in the Black and Gray soil zones, winter survival was sufficient to provide agronomic data for several winter wheat cultivars. Considerable yield compensation took place in stands exhibiting partial winterkill, and as a result hardier cultivars did not always demonstrate a yield advantage.
EFFECTS OF DATES OF SEEDING AND LEVELS OF N FERTILIZATION ON YIELDS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGE KALE
Authors: PELLETIER G. , DARISSE J. P. F. , DONEFER E.
Published: March 2010

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was seeded on three dates and fertilized at different levels of N as NH4NO3 for 3 yr. The highest dry matter (DM) yield was obtained with the earliest date of seeding and with levels of N fertilization of 120 kg/ha. The yield of crude protein (CP) was relatively constant among years, for the different dates of seeding and for N fertilization above 120 kg/ha. Increasing N fertilization or delaying seeding increased the leaf:stem ratio, and consequently the CP content. The levels of NO3-N in stems, leaves and whole plants were at an acceptable level for safe feeding. The cellulose, crude fiber, Ca and P contents were not affected greatly either by the dates of seeding or by the levels of N fertilization. The in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected markedly by any treatment.
EFFECTS OF N AND K APPLICATIONS ON THE LEAF COMPOSITION, YIELD, AND FRUIT QUALITY OF BEARING MCFARLIN CRANBERRDZS
Authors: EATON G. W. , MEEHAN C. N.
Published: March 2010

The effects of N and K fertilizer applications on yield, leaf mineral composition and fruit quality were studied at four locations in commercial cranberry plantings in experiments of 3 yr duration. Nitrogen applications at all locations increased leaf K content in the 1st and 3rd yr and decreased leaf Zn content at one location in the 2nd yr. Potassium applications increased leaf K content in all 3 yr of the experiment and decreased leaf Mg in the 2nd and 3rd yr. A significant location × N × K interaction influenced leaf K composition in the 3rd yr. Yield and fruit quality variables depended upon location but did not respond significantly to fertilizer application.
NAPHTHENATE AND CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLATE TREATMENT PROTECTS PHASEOLUS VULGARIS FROM EFFECTS OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETATE
Authors: PEIRSON D. R. , BORDEN J. H. , VAKENTI J. M.
Published: March 2010

In three experiments, 14-day-old plants of bean Phaseolus vulgaris L., treated to the runoff point with an aerosol spray containing a mixture of potassium naphthenate (KNAP) and potassium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D), were partially protected from the effects of the herbicide. Protection was obtained against leaf curl, petiole and stem deformation, chlorosis, and mortality. Best protection occurred with 5,000 ppm KNAP and with a 10−1M solution of potassium cyclohexanecarboxylate (KCHC) when mixed with a 40 or 400 ppm 2,4-D solution. No protection was obtained against 4,000 ppm 2,4-D or when the 2,4-D application was delayed for 3 or 6 days after KNAP application. After treatment with 40 ppm, 2,4-D, only KNAP- and KCHC-treated plants showed significant development of trifoliate leaves and flowers.
CHLOROGENIC ACID AND VERTICILLIUM WILT OF TOBACCO
Authors: SHEPPARD J. W. , PETERSON J. F.
Published: March 2010

Chlorogenic acid, which occurs in high concentrations in tobacco, has been suggested as a factor in the resistance of potatoes to both verticillium wilt and common scab. In an investigation of the relationship between chlorogenic acid content and the resistance of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars to wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., a simple method was devised for the estimation of relative chlorogenic acid content. Results obtained suggested a possible relationship or correlation between content of chlorogenic acid and resistance of tobacco plants to verticillium wilt, and that an estimation of chlorogenic acid content might be useful when screening tobacco varieties for verticillium resistance, if accompanied by appropriate testing for susceptibility to virus infection.
TRYPTAMINE LEVELS IN PASTURAGE IMPLICATED IN BOVINE PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA
Authors: PARMAR S. S. , BRINK V. C.
Published: March 2010

Pasture mediated bovine pulmonary emphysema (BPE) in British Columbia may be associated with high tryptamine levels in aftermath pasture following hay on wetland meadows. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) (RCG) is the most common component of the BPE meadows containing tryptamines. Tryptamines in this species occur primarily in young chlorophyllous tissue but not in appreciable quantity in root, stem or older leaves; moreover tryptamines disappear with the advent of sharp frost at which time BPE vanishes. Ammonium source fertilizer, especially when applied at high rates, but not nitrate source fertilizer, is associated with high tryptamine levels in RCG Animal trials to confirm involvement of RCG and tryptamines in BPE appear to be warranted.
EFFECTS OF SELECTED ROOTSTOCKS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TWO CULTIVARS OF PRUNUS DOMESTICA
Authors: HELTON A. W.
Published: March 2010

Virus-free trees of two cultivars of Prunus domestica L. were produced on several Prunus rootstocks. Sixteen trees of each scion/stock combination were randomized in replicated blocks and observed through their 8th yr. Both cultivars produced smallest trees on P. tomentosa Thunb. and largest trees on P. cerasifera Ehrh. Trees of the Richards cultivar generally were smaller than trees of the standard Italian cultivar when grown on the same rootstock. Standard Italian trees consistently produced higher yields per tree than Richards trees on the same rootstock; highest yields per tree occurred on the California CEA-2 selection of the P. cerasifera plum root. The data suggest that the dwarfing P. tomentosa root can improve per-hectare production of Richards trees, in comparison with standard-size trees on various rootstocks (e.g. CEA-2), but that it would reduce per-hectare yields for standard Italian trees. Fruit dropping was influenced by rootstock but did not correlate with production of marketable fruits. All factors considered, the CEA-2 plum rootstock proved best for both cultivars.
A SIMPLE INEXPENSIVE METHOD OF DE-AWNING AND CLEANING SMALL BARLEY SAMPLES
Authors: MCLEAN G. E. , MCKENZIE J. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF RAPE IN A ROTATION ON PREVALENCE OF COCHLIOBOLUS SATIVUS CONIDIA AND COMMON ROOT ROT OF WHEAT
Authors: CHINN S. H. F.
Published: March 2010

not available
RESIDUES IN APPLES SPRAYED WITH FENOPROP
Authors: COCHRANE W. P. , GREENHALGH R. , LOONEY N. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
RESPONSE OF CANADA THISTLE VARIETIES TO AMITROLE AND GLYPHOSATE
Authors: SAIDAK W. J. , MARRIAGE P. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
SELECTION FOR MALT β-GLUCANASE ACTIVITY IN BARLEY BREEDING PROGRAMS
Authors: BENDELOW V. M.
Published: March 2010

A semiautomated method, based on the production of reducing sugars by the action of malt extracts on soluble laminarin, was found to be a satisfactory alternative to impractical viscosimetric techniques for the assay of endo-β-glucanase activity in barley breeding material. The method is rapid and requires 5 g of the laboratory malt that is prepared for measuring other quality parameters. The substrate is commercially available, whereas substrates for viscometry are not.
EVALUATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS MEASURING METHODS AS POSSIBLE SCREENING TECHNIQUES FOR DROUGHT RESISTANCE IN WHEAT
Authors: DEDIO W. , STEWART D. W. , GREEN D. G.
Published: March 2010

Three methods of determining photosynthesis in drought-stressed wheat leaves were evaluated as possible screening tests for drought resistance. Potential photosynthesis in detached leaves as measured by the differential respirometer was considerably higher in Pitic 62 than in other cultivars after 4 h recovery from drought stress. However, actual photosynthesis as indicated by infrared gas analysis varied little among cultivars after overnight recovery from drought. Assimilation of 14CO2 was slightly higher in Pitic 62 in moderately drought-stressed plants, and twice as high as in other cultivars under severe stress. It was concluded that potential photosynthesis as measured with the differential respirometer and verified by 14CO2 incorporation have potential as screening techniques for drought resistance.
SELECTION FOR QUICK AND SLOW EMERGENCE IN ALFALFA AND RELATIONSHIP TO YIELD POTENTIAL
Authors: HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

Mass selection for quick and slow emergence within a population of alfalfa, composed of 10 very winter-hardy cultivars and strains, was accompanied by an increase in yield of the quick emerging population over that of the slow emerging population. Combined selection for rate of emergence in two directions, followed by selection on the basis of high and low yield in the respective populations, caused a differential of about 10% in yield between the two. This yield differential appeared to hold in the field as well as in the greenhouse. It is suggested that selection for quick and slow emergence could effect a change in the population for more or less yield and less or more persistence.
RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS AND ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS FOR EARLY SUMMER PASTURE
Authors: HEINRICHS D. H. , KILCHER M. R. , LODGE R. W.
Published: March 2010

A mixture of Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) and alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) yielded the same as a mixture of Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), crested wheatgrass and alfalfa as early summer pasture; the carrying capacity and steer gains were the same also. The mixture containing Altai wild ryegrass was slightly higher in nutritive value than that containing Russian wild ryegrass. This higher nutritive value appeared to be largely due to more alfalfa in the stand. Russian wild ryegrass was more competitive than Altai wild ryegrass and had crowded out most of the alfalfa after 4 yr. Crested wheatgrass, a volunteer invader, made much more rapid inroads into Altai wild ryegrass stands than into Russian wild ryegrass stands. Russian wild ryegrass appears to be a better pasture grass for early summer grazing than Altai wild ryegrass mainly because of its earlier growth start and better ability to compete with other species.
CURRENT SEASON AND HOLDOVER EFFECTS OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF SADH APPLIED AS SPLIT OR SINGLE SPRAYS ON PREHARVEST DROP, FIRMNESS AND OTHER RESPONSES OF MCINTOSH APPLE
Authors: WEBSTER D. H. , CROWE A. D. , BROWN G.
Published: March 2010

In two experiments, succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at low to moderate rates (62.5–1,000 ppm, 0.93–4.32 kg/ha (0.82–3.84 lb/acre)) increased fruit firmness and decreased fruit drop of McIntosh apples (Malus sylvestris Mill.) proportionately to amount applied. Split and single sprays that applied the same total amount of SADH were equally effective. Addition of Tween 20 at 0.025% (vol/vol) had no significant effect on response. None of the treatments affected cropping over three seasons, fruit color or fruit size in the year of application. Fruit size in the year following application showed a threshold effect in that earlier dates and lower rates had no measurable effect.
ETHYLENE-INDUCED CHANGES IN APPEARANCE AND HORMONE CONTENT OF FLORIDA GROWN CABBAGE
Authors: PENDERGRASS ANN , ISENBERG F. M. R. , HOWELL L. L. , CARROLL J. E.
Published: March 2010

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. capitata), freshly harvested and market-trimmed in Florida, was stored for 5 wk at 1 C ± 0.5 C in air containing 0.04, 1, 10 and 100 ppm ethylene. At the highest two ethylene concentrations, market quality was reduced due to loss of external green color and extensive leaf abscission. Similar external changes were seen in cabbage reported to have been stored with apples. Hormonal changes associated with these high ethylene concentrations were disappearance of an abscisic acid-type inhibitor and accumulation of auxins at the apical region.
EFFECTS OF TIME AND RATE OF SADH APPLICATION TO BRUSSELS SPROUTS
Authors: MAURER A. R.
Published: March 2010

SADH (succinic acid-2, 2 dimethylhydrazide) was applied to Brussels sprout plants at rates ranging from 2,000 to 8,000 ppm in field trials conducted over 4 yr. SADH applied to cv. Hedda, 6–8 wk after transplanting at a rate of 8,000 ppm increased marketable yield over that of the untopped controls by 13–31% in two out of three experiments. Plant height was reduced by SADH application, the date of application being more critical than the rate of application. Very early and very late SADH treatments had no effect on plant size. The quadratic equation Y = (0.16889 × 10−3) X2 − (0.20711) X + 132.343 ± 7.35, where Y = plant height as a percent of height of control plants and X = accumulated heat units, describes the relation between SADH effect on plant height and time of application measured as accumulated heat units from date of transplanting.
RELATIONS BETWEEN NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN SOYBEANS
Authors: HATAM MIR , HUME D. J.
Published: March 2010

An in vivo assay for nitrate reductase (NR) activity was adapted to measure total NR activity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants grown for a 29-day period indoors. Disappearance of nitrate from the nutrient solution, plant nitrate and total plant nitrogen (N) also were measured. Under the conditions of this experiment, nitrate reduction estimated from NR activities agreed closely with actual nitrate reduction. The same assay was used to measure leaf NR activities of field-grown soybeans throughout the 1971 growing season. Leaf NR activities accounted for 77 and 72% of the total N uptake in plants receiving 0 and 280 kg N as NH4NO3/ha, respectively. Measurements of nitrate and ammonium losses from soil under soybeans and under adjacent bare soil at three stages of plant development suggested that in plots receiving no fertilizer N, 86% of N uptake from the soil was in the form of nitrate. The NR activity of field-grown plants agreed well with total plant N derived from soil nitrates. Results indicated that leaf NR activities were proportional to nitrate uptake and might be used to determine amounts and seasonal patterns of nitrate uptake by soybean plants.
NIVEAU DE RESISTANCE DE QUELQUES CULTIVARS D’AVOINE AU VIRUS DU NANISME JAUNE DE L’ORGE (BYDV)
Authors: COMEAU A. , DUBUC J. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
FALLGOLD BLACK ASH
Authors: RONALD W. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
RESISTANCE OF CHENOPODIUM ALBUM TO TRIAZINE HERBICIDES
Authors: BANDEEN J. D. , MCLAREN R. D.
Published: March 2010

not available
DETAILED OBSERVATION OF SEEDLING CHARACTERS IN FIELD PLOTS USING MODIFIED BINOCULARS
Authors: ALI-KHAN S. T. , REIMER M.
Published: March 2010

not available
A NEW BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT OF SUNFLOWERS IN CANADA
Authors: PIENING L. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
ISOZYMES OF RIBONUCLEASE FROM KABATIELLA CAULIVORA SEPARATED BY DISC GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: BERKENKAMP B.
Published: March 2010

not available
DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENDO-β-GLUCANASE ACTIVITIES IN BARLEY TISSUES DURING GERMINATION
Authors: BALLANCE G. M. , MEREDITH W. O. S. , LABERGE D. E.
Published: March 2010

Extracts of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tissues were assayed for endo-β1,4-glucanase, endo-β1,3-glucanase and barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activities. The seven tissues examined were-hull, pericarp, green layer, aleurone, endosperm, embryo and scutellum. Tissues were dissected from unsteeped barley kernels and from kernels at various stages of germination. Endo-β1,4-glucanase activity occurred primarily in the hull and pericarp tissues but was also present in the endosperm during late germination. Endo-β1,3-glucanase activity was located predominantly in the embryo and scutellum of unsteeped kernels. During germination, this activity increased markedly in the aleurone and endosperm. Barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity was concentrated in the aleurone and endosperm and small amounts were found in the hull, embryo and scutellum. Analyses of extracts from hull and endosperm tissues by column chromatography with CM-cellulose indicated that both tissues contain two similar enzymes with barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity.
YIELD AND QUALITY OF SILAGE CORN AS AFFECTED BY FROST AND HARVEST DATE
Authors: WHITE R. P. , WINTER K. A. , KUNELIUS H. T.
Published: March 2010

Corn (Zea mays L.) for silage was harvested at approximately 10-day intervals between 5 September and 15 November in 1973 and 1974 at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Dry matter (DM) yields of the whole plant and of grain increased up to first frost which occurred in late September. Following frost, the DM yields of the whole plants declined, while DM yields of grain remained essentially constant or increased slightly. In vitro DM digestibility and in vitro digestible DM yields were highest and the cellulose content was lowest at the time of first frost. Nitrogen and K contents of the whole plant declined significantly with time after frost. The total amounts of N, P, and K harvested in the crop also declined after frost. It is recommended that silage corn in the Maritime Provinces be harvested prior to or immediately after being frozen to obtain maximum yields and quality.
VARIABILITY IN FORAGE AND SEED PRODUCTION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN ASTRAGALUS CICER
Authors: SMOLIAK S. , JOHNSTON A.
Published: March 2010

Forage and seed yield, percentage seed germination, speed of germination index, and 1,000-seed weight were determined for a population of 170 plants selected from Oxley cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.). Seedlings from open-pollinated seed from the selected plants were measured for leaf weight and leaf area, and specific leaf weight was calculated. Most of the characters studied were asymmetrical in distribution. The correlation coefficient between forage and seed yields of mature plants was positive and highly significant. Seedling leaf weight was positively and closely related to seedling leaf area, but seedling leaf area was a more reliable indicator of photosynthetic efficiency. The variability in the characters studied in the selected population suggests that further improvement in forage yield, germination percentage, speed of germination, and seedling vigor may be obtained through a breeding program.
CYTOHISTOLOGY OF CHIMERAL FROST RIB TISSUES IN APPLE AND MOUNTAIN ASH
Authors: ZALASKY HARRY
Published: March 2010

Tissues of frost ribs in apple and mountain ash, grown in the greenhouse or occurring in the field, were examined to determine the chimeral effect of frost damage. Somatic changes included cells with papillae, heteroplastic tissues, cell aggregates with primary and secondary development, incomplete cell plates, and variety in the number and position of perforations in vessel elements. The rays of the phloem unify readily by cell proliferation to form an overlay composed of corky tissues and sclereid-like cells which are transitory in most frost cankers and some grafts. Grafts may be incompatible if chimeral cambium produces heteroploid cell derivatives which proliferate corky tissues and fewer and smaller vascular elements.
PROPAGATION OF OTTAWA APPLE ROOTSTOCKS BY SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS
Authors: NELSON S. H.
Published: March 2010

The difficulty in rooting Ottawa 3 apple (Malus sp. Mill.) rootstock by softwood cuttings under intermittent mist at other locations was not experienced at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. With the exception of Ottawa 7, which would seem to be slower rooting than the rest of this rootstock series, namely, Ottawa 3, 5, 8, 11 and 12, high levels of rootability were obtained with 12.7-cm (5-inch) softwood cuttings under three types of intermittent mist propagation outdoors. The polyethylene tent over the intermittent mist bed was generally superior to the open intermittent bed with bottom heat and it, in turn, superior to the open intermittent mist bed without bottom heat. The use of hormone applications tended to speed up rooting and increased the yield of the root mass in the 7-wk period, but only in a few instances were there statistically significant differences.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON POLLEN VIABILITY OF SIX ROSE SPECIES
Authors: KHOSH-KHUI M. , BASSIRI A. , NIKNEJAD M.
Published: March 2010

Pollen of six species of genus Rosa was stored under partial vacuum at 0 and 25 C and 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% relative humidity. Data obtained showed significant interaction between temperature and humidity. The best conditions for pollen storage at 0 C were 50 and 70% relative humidity, while at 25 C, the best humidity was 30 and 50%, respectively. Most species reached the highest percentage of viable pollen in 2–3 wk of storage. It was concluded that for short periods of pollen storage, 25 C was more suitable than 0 C for rose pollen. Differences among responses of Rosa pollen grains to storage environment are discussed.
EFFECTS OF METHOD AND RATE OF APPLICATION OF NITROGEN ON YIELD AND LEAF TISSUE COMPOSITION OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS
Authors: CUTCLIFFE J. A. , MUNRO D. C.
Published: March 2010

Factorial experiments were conducted at three locations to investigate the effects of band and broadcast applications of N, with and without top-dress treatments, on the yield and leaf tissue composition of Brussels sprouts. Band applications of N resulted in greater marketable yields than broadcast applications at equal rates of N. Where the application was split, a top-dress treatment of N increased yields following a broadcast application but was of no benefit following a band application. Banding versus broadcasting and top-dressing versus no top-dressing resulted in higher tissue-N levels at all locations and higher tissue-P levels at two of the three locations. Tissue-N and -P levels also increased as the rate of applied N increased. The treatments had almost no effect on tissue-K content.
EFFET DU CLIMAT SUR LA FLETRISSURE BACTERIENNE DE LA POMME DE TERRE ET RELATION AVEC LE CONTENU EN SUCRES DES TIGES
Authors: PAQUIN ROGER , GÉNÉREUX H.
Published: March 2010

Potato cultivars resistant to bacterial ring rot, inoculated with Corynebacterium sepedonicum, were more infected in the northern regions (North Shore) than at La Pocatière (South Shore of St. Lawrence River) where the number of degree-days and mean temperatures are higher. Plant stems from the Northern regions had a higher total and reducing sugar content than those of La Pocatière and there was a significant correlation between sugar content and the mean temperature or the number of degree-days. However, the latter correlation is more significant than the one between the percentage of infected plants and the mean temperature or the number of degree-days in that region. The possible role of sugars in the disease evolution in the cool regions is discussed.
WATER USAGE BY CABBAGE PLANTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH
Authors: NELSON S. H. , HWANG K. E.
Published: March 2010

Cabbage plants were tested for water usage at different stages of growth under growth chamber conditions by conducting 24-h uptake studies at weekly intervals. Based on morphological development and water use, four growth stages were apparent. The stage from emergence to the start of head development was characterized by rapid growth and high transpiration rates per unit of plant material (essentially unfolded leaves). Transpiration was significantly correlated with the amount of foliage and a relatively low percentage of the moisture uptake was retained in the plant. The second, a short transitional stage, was characterized by significant increases of weight of the unfolded leaves and the start of heading. The growth rate of the leaves reached a maximum and started declining. There was also a sharp levelling off in the amount of transpiration. The third stage was characterized by early rapid expansion in size and a significant increase in weight of the head throughout the stage. With no new expanding foliage, transpiration remained static, and a higher percentage of the moisture uptake was retained. The final stage of maturity and senescence was characterized by low percentages of the moisture uptake being retained and transpiration declining because of the loss of functioning foliage.
HOE 23408, A NEW SELECTIVE HERBICIDE FOR WILD OATS AND GREEN FOXTAIL IN WHEAT AND BARLEY
Authors: FRIESEN H. A. , O’SULLIVAN P. A. , BORN W. H. VANDEN
Published: March 2010

A series of field, growth chamber, and laboratory experiments showed that HOE 23408 [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy propionic acid methyl ester] as a post-emergence herbicide provided selective control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and green foxtail (Seteria viridis L. Beauv.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) equal to or better than barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) over a growth period extending from the 2- to 5-leaf stages in both weed species. Wheat was highly tolerant to HOE 23408 at all growth stages, while with barley there was some leaf mottling and suppression of both shoot and root development. The 6-row cultivars Gait, Bonanza and Conquest largely recovered from the effects, but the 2-row cultivar Betzes suffered significant yield reduction. HOE 23408 moved mainly in an acropetal direction when applied to different parts of the wild oats plant. Application made on or below the meristematic area of the stem apex caused necrosis and eventual death of the entire plant. Phytotoxicity following soil application was markedly less than with foliar application. Indications were that it was also more phytotoxic to the emerging weeds via shoot than via root contact. Although HOE 23408 is relatively insoluble in water, it leached to a limited extent in soils.
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF WILD OATS. I. DORMANCY, GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE
Authors: SHARMA M. P. , BORN W. H. VANDEN , McBEATH D. K.
Published: March 2010

Mature seeds of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) from Alberta were completely dormant when freshly harvested. About 46% of the seeds lost their dormancy during storage for 33 wk at room temperature. Gibberellic acid was very effective in overcoming dormancy in freshly harvested or stored seeds. Water extracts from dormant wild oat seeds were more inhibitory than water extracts from non-dormant seeds to germination of wild oat seeds. A number of chemicals, viz., nitrates of potassium, ammonium and sodium, cytokinins (benzyladenine, kinetin), and thiourea, were effective to varying degrees in stimulating the germination and emergence of seeds. Percent germination and emergence of seedlings was maximum at temperatures ranging from 10 to 21 C, although germination and emergence were slower at 10 C than at the higher temperatures. A temperature of 32 C was detrimental to normal germination and emergence. Maximum seedling emergence occurred when soil moisture was maintained at 50 or 75% of the field capacity. At field capacity moisture levels, no seedlings emerged and nearly all the seeds had rotted within 11 days of planting. Planting depths of 2–8 cm were best for seedling emergence. From greater planting depths the rate and percent emergence were greater for larger seeds than for smaller or medium-sized seeds (separated on the basis of kernel weight). Time to maximum emergence was 8, 11–13 and 13–17 days from depths of 0.5–3 cm, 4–12 cm and 16–20 cm, respectively. Practical implications of some of these findings in a wild oat control program are discussed.
GENETIC AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING INTERNAL CO2 CONCENTRATION IN SUGAR BEET ROOTS
Authors: COLE D. F. , BUGBEE W. M.
Published: March 2010

Studies were conducted to determine if there was genetic variation in internal CO2 levels in sugar beet roots during storage and to determine the effects of resident bacteria, storage temperature, decay, and root weight on internal CO2 levels. Significant differences in internal CO2 levels were observed among different sugar beet lines. Internal CO2 levels of roots selected from American 3 Hybrid T were not correlated with the number of resident bacteria or weight of the roots after two storage periods. Root weight was negatively correlated with internal CO2 over all lines and the coefficient of determination was 2.2% (r2 × 100). Internal CO2 levels in roots with visible decay were significantly higher (5.21%) than CO2 levels (1.92%) in healthy roots. Higher storage temperature significantly increased internal CO2 levels in sugar beet roots. Our results show that there is genetic variation for internal CO2 levels in sugar beet roots.
TECHNIQUE POUR ECHANTILLONNER LES RACINES DE PLANTES DANS LE SOL GELE ET ENNEIGE
Authors: BOLDUC R.
Published: March 2010

A tubular drill has been designed to extract a frozen soil core 12–15 cm in diameter and 15–40 cm in length with the roots and collars of intact plants. A snow cylinder is used to clear the sampling spot, causing minimum disturbance to the snow cover. This equipment makes possible a large scale study of vegetation during the cold season.
PENICILLIUM CLAVIFORME: SUGAR BEET PATHOGEN AND ANTAGONIST OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA
Authors: BUGBEE W. M.
Published: March 2010

Sugar beet storage rot caused by Botrytis cinerea was completely inhibited by a storage rot isolate of Penicillium claviforme in sugar beet tissue. Storage rot caused by Phoma betae was not inhibited. Growth of B. cinerea was inhibited 50–100% in liquid cultures containing diluted filtrates of P. claviforme. Differing reports as to the prevalence of B. cinerea as a storage rot pathogen may be due to this antagonism.
SEED AND OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF ONOSMODIUM OCCIDENTALE
Authors: GROSS A. T. H. , DORRELL D. G.
Published: March 2010

Two collections of the native perennial Western false gromwell, Onosmodium occidentale Mack., were made in southern Manitoba and grown at Brandon for 3 yr. Considerable variability for seed yield on a single-plant basis, seed weight, seed drop, oil content and fatty acid composition of the oil were identified. There is a potential for selection among native plants and an even greater potential for improvement through a breeding program. Two-thirds of the seed weight was pericarp; however, it contributed only 4% of the total oil. When the pericarp was removed, the combined endosperm and testa contained 55% oil. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was very high and the presence of 6, 9, 12-linolenic, the normal 9, 12, 15-linolenic and 6, 9, 12, 15-tetraenoic acids contributed to an iodine number in excess of 200; hence, the oil would be good for industrial uses. Agronomic studies are required in order to develop this plant as a commercial oilseed crop for western Canada.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS ON LEAF NUMBER AND DURATION TO FLOWERING IN CORN
Authors: BONAPARTE E. E. N. A. , BRAWN R. I.
Published: March 2010

The effects of diverse geographic environments on leaf number and duration to 50% flowering were investigated in a number of corn hybrids and genotypes. The relationships between leaf number and duration to 50% flowering within these environments were also examined. In the study, involving 25 hybrids at six locations, ranging from Beltsville, Maryland (38°N) to La Pocatière, Quebec (48°N), leaf number was highly significantly correlated with days to 50% flowering. Mean leaf number was least at Beltsville and highest at La Pocatière. Days to 50% flowering showed a consistent rise from the lowest value at Beltsville to the highest values at Macdonald College and La Pocatière. Leaf number did not vary appreciably within locations, and was more stable than days to 50% flowering and the agrometeorological indices of maturity. The study, involving 23 genotypes in 26 environments, embraced the widest geographical range ever used for this type of study. The environments ranged from Rocque, Mexico (21°N) to Morden, Manitoba (49°N). In general, genotypes planted progressively farther north took longer to flower, grew taller, and tended to develop more leaves. High positive linear relationships between leaf number and duration to flowering (0.699–0.959) were obtained.
SELENIUM CONTENT OF ALFALFA GROWN ON ORTHIC GRAY LUVISOLIC AND CARBONATED ORTHIC GLEYSOLIC SOILS
Authors: RYSWYK A. L. VAN , BROERSMA K. , KALNIN C. M.
Published: March 2010

not available
PINK PEARL AND MIRTON PEARL: TWO WART RESISTANT POTATO CULTIVARS FOR NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: PROUDFOOT K. G. , OLSEN O. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF MCPA FORMULATION AND TIMING ON HEMPNETTLE CONTROL
Authors: IVANY J. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
FIELD PERSISTENCE STUDIES WITH EIGHT HERBICIDES COMMONLY USED IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: SMITH ALLAN E. , HAYDEN B. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EPICUTICULAR WAX AND BLACKSPOT CAUSED BY ALTERNARIA BRASSICAE IN THREE LINES OF RAPESEED
Authors: TEWARI J. P. , SKOROPAD W. P.
Published: March 2010

The physical role of epicuticular wax in rapeseed in conferring resistance to Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. has been investigated using the adaxial surface of the upper leaves of three lines of rapeseed. The lines of rapeseed were selected to offer a range of bloom and degrees of resistance to A. brassicae. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that epicuticular wax is organized in two layers. The distal layer is fluffy and consists of cylindrical wax crystals, while the proximal layer has plate-like wax crystals. The distal layer is thicker in the Iowa line (Brassica napus L.) than in the cv. Midas (B. napus), while the proximal layer is almost similar in the two cultivars. Torch (B. campestris L.) has only a minimal amount of wax. Wiping of the leaves with cotton wool removes the fluffy wax layer. The amount of wax per cm2 of the leaf surface is maximum in the Iowa line, followed by that in Midas and Torch. The contact angle of water droplets is significantly reduced and retention of conidia and development of blackspots caused by A. brassicae are significantly increased upon wiping of the leaves in Iowa line and Midas but not in Torch. It is concluded that the bloom in rapeseed confers partial resistance to A. brassicae by providing a water-repellent surface.
SCREENING FOR HIGH-LYSINE CULTIVARS IN A BARLEY BREEDING PROGRAM
Authors: LABERGE D. E. , MACGREGOR A. W. , METCALFE D. R.
Published: March 2010

The UDY dye-binding method for determining protein levels in cereal grains was applied to an F2 population derived from a cross between OR 585, a two-rowed selection of barley (Hordeum distichum L. emend Lam.) possessing the "Hiproly" gene(s) for high lysine and TR 412, a two-rowed selection with a normal level of lysine. Seed of the two parental gentoypes produce different UDY absorbance values at similar protein levels. If UDY absorbance values are determined for the parental genotypes over a range of barley protein contents, the different regression lines for OR 585 and TR 412 parental barleys can be used to segregate F2 progeny that express the gene for high lysine. Determination of lysine by the UDY method closely agrees with lysine values determined by amino acid analysis.
VARIATION IN PROTEIN, SIZE AND SEEDLING VIGOR WITH POSITION OF SEED IN HEADS OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS
Authors: RIES S. K. , AYERS G. , WERT V. , EVERSON E. H.
Published: March 2010

The protein content and size of winter wheat seed (Triticum aestivum L.) varies with the position of the seed in the head. Within a genotype, seed higher in protein content and/or larger in size will produce more vigorous seedlings. Regardless of cultivar, the seed from the a and b florets of the bottom 10 spikelets contained more protein per seed than that from all c florets and the a and b florets from above the 10th spikelet. In all cases, seedling vigor was significantly correlated with seed size and protein concentration, but was most closely correlated with protein per seed. A foliar application of urea after anthesis appreciably increased the quantity of protein per seed in all positions in the head of all cultivars. The increase was greatest in the a and b florets of the bottom 10 spikelets, not in those florets lowest in protein initially.
MCINTOSH APPLES COMPARED WITH FRUIT OF THREE SPUR STRAINS
Authors: LANE W. DAVID , MEHERIUK MICHAEL M.
Published: March 2010

Apples of three spur McIntosh strains were compared with standard McIntosh for three consecutive seasons. No differences in stem-associated defects were found except flat stem cavities which occurred more frequently in the spur strains in two of the three years. Apples from spur strains were more elongate but equally as uniform in shape, and were also larger. The larger fruit may explain why both firmness and soluble solids were lower in the spur strains. Differences among the four strains were smaller than differences in strains from one year to the next.
ROADSIDE WOODY PLANT SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SODIUM AND CHLORIDE ACCUMULATION DURING WINTER AND SPRING
Authors: LUMIS G. P. , HOFSTRA G. , HALL R.
Published: March 2010

Sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) contents in twigs of 12 roadside coniferous and deciduous woody species were studied between early January and early May in 1972 and 1973. In most species, a gradual increase in Cl content during January and early February and a more rapid increase during March or early April was followed by a decline. The trend in Na content was essentially similar, but levels generally were lower than corresponding chloride values. Levels of Na and Cl were higher in buds than in adjacent twig tissues and, in the case of Salix alba ’Tristis’ Gaud (weeping golden willow), salt content decreased from apex to base of twigs. Salt content in twigs was related to the degree of plant injury, to differences in the physiological tolerance due to species, and also to the temperature and snowfall (precipitation) patterns during the sampling periods.
DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACE 6 OF PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE IN CABBAGE
Authors: CHIANG M. S. , CRÊTE R.
Published: March 2010

A randomized complete block experiment of a 4 × 4 diallel cross was conducted in the greenhouse to study the inheritance of resistance to race 6 of Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Results show that additive genetic effects are high; dominance effects are also present but much lower as compared to the additive effects. It appears that there is only one major gene group showing dominance. Cultivar Badger Shipper carries the most recessive genes among the four parents studied. The narrow sense heritability is estimated at 83%.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST TUBER FLEA BEETLE AND APHIDS IN POTATOES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: CAMPBELL C. J. , FINLAYSON D. G.
Published: March 2010

One organochlorine, one synthetic pyrethroid, three carbamate and 11 organophosphorus compounds were tested against the tuber flea beetle, Epitrix tuberis Gent., and aphids, mainly Myzus persicae (Sulz.), on potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L. The insecticides were applied as granules only, granules with three supplementary sprays, or sprays alone at 10-day intervals. No treatment was completely satisfactory for both pests. Larval damage to the tubers was reduced significantly by granules of isofenphos, by granules with sprays of carbofuran and N 2596 (S-[p-chlorophenyl] O-ethyl ethanephosphorodithioate) and by sprays of methidathion and NRDC 143 (3-phenoxybenzyl (±)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), the synthetic pyrethroid. Only the last two, and carbofuran, reduced the amount of adult beetle feeding. Aphid numbers were not reduced significantly by any treatment, but were increased significantly by three.