bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of specific training and detraining in explosive strength: a study on young male basketball players
Authors: Santo Eduardo , Janeira Manuel A. , Maia José A. R.
Published: November 2017

Os objetivos do presente estudo foram os seguintes: a) identificar os efeitos do treino pliométrico nos indicadores da força explosiva (velocidade, agilidade, salto a partir de uma posição estática, salto com contra-movimento e potência mecânica média dos membros inferiores) de jovens basquetebolistas; e b) perceber os efeitos do destreino específico e da aplicação de um treino pliométrico reduzido, nos ganhos anteriormente obtidos. A amostra foi constituída por 19 jovens basquetebolistas do sexo masculino (idade 14 e 15 anos). A estrutura adaptada para a consecução do presente estudo acentou em duas partes fundamentais. Numa primeira parte, os indivíduos foram sujeitos a um programa de treino pliométrico (saltos no lugar, saltos com deslocamento, saltos em profundidade e saltos com carga adicional), com a duração de oito semanas e uma freqüência de três vezes por semana. No final deste período, o teste-t de medidas repetidas revelou incrementos estatisticamente significativos em todos os indicadores da força explosiva (p < 0,05). Na segunda parte, imediatamente após as oito semanas de treino, os sujeitos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos por dois grupos: o primeiro (Gi, n= 10), respeitou um período de treino específico de quatro semanas mantendo, contudo, os treinos regulares de basquetebol; os indivíduos restantes (G2, n= 9) cumpriram um programa de treino pliométrico reduzido em simultâneo com os treinos regulares de basquetebol. A estrutura de treino adaptada foi idêntica à da fase inicial, com os mesmos níveis de intensidade, mas com uma redução na freqüência (uma vez por semana) e no volume. No final deste período, o teste-t de medidas repetidas permitiu verificar: no Gi, melhorias estatisticamente significativas na velocidade, no salto a partir de uma posição estática e no salto com contra-movimento (p < 0,05), mantendo praticamente inalterados os valores referentes à agilidade e à potência mecânica média; no G2, incrementos estatisticamente significativos para a velocidade e agilidade (p < 0,05), tendo as restantes variáveis mantido os níveis anteriormente atingidos. Posteriormente, o teste-t de medidas independentes (Gj vs. G2), revelou a semelhança entre os grupos relativamente às variáveis, em estudo. Em conclusão: a) os resultados evidenciam a eficácia do desenho do treino pliométrico aplicado; b) o programa de treino reduzido e o destreino específico concorrem, indistintamente, para a manutenção dos níveis de força explosiva; c) o treino de basquetebol revela um poder inequívoco de manutenção e sustentação da “performance” motora (através dos valores dos indicadores da força explosiva), pelo menos a partir do quadro de pressupostos do programa de treino aplicado
The limitations of the scientific method: implications for physical education
Authors: Pereira Benedito
Published: November 2017

A Educação Física tem procurado se afirmar como disciplina acadêmica e profissão recorrendo a algumas estratégias. Por exemplo, tentou-se modificar o seu nome, caracterizar o seu objeto de estudo e desenvolver metodologia própria. Para o seu desenvolvimento enquanto profissão, não encontramos uma ampla discussão desta questão. Este ensaio teve por objetivo discutir o terceiro item através de uma ampla revisão dos principais métodos científicos disponíveis. Constatamos com isso que existe confusão entre métodos e técnicas entre os profissionais da Educação Física e que a metodologia ainda não desenvolveu um método científico isento de problemas
Stressing situations in high level basketball: competitive factors
Authors: Rose Junior Dante De , Deschamps Sílvia , Korsakas Paula
Published: November 2017

Um dos mais importantes aspectos psicológicos relacionados ao atleta é o “stress” É importante que se conheçam quais as situações que causam “stress” em um atleta para que se possa diminuir o impacto das mesmas em seu desempenho. Este estudo teve como objetivos: identificar quais as situações diretamente relacionadas ao processo competitivo que são consideradas como causadoras de “stress”, agrupando-as em fontes e fatores específicos de acordo com suas características. Participaram do estudo 19 atletas de basquetebol (10 homens e nove mulheres), com idade entre 23 e 38 anos. Todos os atletas participaram de competições internacionais representando a Seleção Nacional do Brasil. Os atletas foram entrevistados e as entrevistas analisadas pelos autores que identificaram 114 situações diretamente relacionadas à competição, que foram categorizadas em 24 fontes específicas, geradas a partir dos seguintes fatores específicos: estados psicológicos, aspectos físicos, jogo, preparação da equipe, pessoas importantes, planejamento/organização e avaliação social. Os estados psicológicos e os aspectos físicos foram denominados fatores gerais competitivos individuais (20 situações). Dezesseis delas estavam relacionadas aos estados psicológicos (medos, inseguranças e pressões internas). Os demais foram denominados fatores gerais competitivos situacionais (94 situações). Quarenta e quatro delas estavam relacionadas ao jogo (importância/dificuldade, técnico, companheiros, adversários, arbitragem e a própria competência). Outras fontes importantes de “stress” identificadas foram: pessoas importantes (26 situações) e planejamento/organização (14 situações)
Teacher’ reflections on physical education in pre-school education including the national curriculum reference
Authors: Ferraz Osvaldo Luiz , Macedo Lino De
Published: November 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o papel da Educação Física na Educação Infantil, considerando-se os objetivos gerais, objetivos específicos, os conteúdos da aprendizagem, elementos de gestão da aula e avaliação, explicitados por professores da Rede Pública Municipal de Ensino de São Paulo que desenvolvem Educação Física de forma regular e sistematizada, visando verificar as relações existentes entre os objetivos gerais e os específicos e o quanto estão presentes, na atuação profissional, os aspectos teóricos e práticos da proposta do Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil. Entrevistou-se quatro professores, considerados modelos de proposta pedagógica adequada, indicados pela Diretoria de Orientação Técnica da SME-SP. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, pode-se observar que: a) os objetivos gerais possuem intencionalidade educativa e não somente assistencial, demonstrando preocupação em auxiliar a inserção da criança em um meio social diferente da família; b) os objetivos específicos definem a Educação Física tomando-se por base uma “qualidade do movimento” expressa na ampliação e aprimoramento das formas básicas de movimento; c) em relação aos conteúdos, pode-se observar a presença das dimensões conceituais, atitudinais e procedimentais; d) considerando-se a gestão da aula, quanto ao aspecto tempo, o trabalho não está restrito ao tempo livre no parque, mas implementado em atividades com intervenção do professor; quanto ao espaço e objetos, as questões relacionadas à possibilidade de variações em sua utilização pelas crianças foi enfatizada e quanto aos relacionamentos, verificou-se a valorização das trocas propiciadas pela interação entre as crianças; e) em relação à avaliação, não foi observada preocupação com as técnicas de movimento, entretanto a qualidade do movimento foi enfatizada, referindo-se à superação dos problemas mais comuns encontrados nas habilidades básicas. Em termos gerais, os elementos contidos no Referencial Curricular Nacional para Educação Infantil estão presentes na prática pedagógica dos professores. Sugere-se cursos de formação continuada para que os professores possam discutir e aprimorar esta área do conhecimento
Competitiveness and sport performance in professional tennis players
Authors: Gallegos Saul Sebastian Orozco , Massucato José Geraldo , Simões Antônio Carlos , Prouvot Paulo De Aguiar , Yoshikawa Roberto Masaishi Santos
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho pesquisou as influências da competitividade na performance esportiva individual em 24 tenistas profissionais brasileiros. A tendência comportamental (competidores, determinados e vitoriosos) entre atletas foi identificada através do Questionário de Orientação Esportiva (SOQ) formulado por Gill e Deeter (1988) e as coletas foram realizadas após jogos. A performance foi representada por pontos no “ranking” de entrada da Associação de Tenistas Profissionais (ATP). O levantamento da influência dos comportamentos competitivos na performance esportiva dos tenistas foi realizado através de análise estatística utilizando o método de parecença (Bussab, Miazaky & Andrade, 1990). Os resultados encontrados indicam que a tendência ao comportamento determinado tem uma leve preferência entre os tenistas. Já o comportamento que apresenta uma performance superior não acentuada é obtido por tenistas com tendência ao comportamento competidor. Entretanto, a conclusão não fica limitada à indicação de um comportamento com melhor performance, e sim, que é possível orientar e obter tenistas bem-sucedidos nos três comportamentos estudados
Minimally Invasive Stand-Alone Cox Maze Procedure for Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ad Niv , Holmes Sari D. , Friehling Ted
Published: November 2017

Background

Rhythm control is challenging in patients with extended atrial fibrillation (AF) duration and persistent/long-standing persistent AF. Among surgical approaches to treat AF, the Cox maze procedure performed using alternative energy sources remains superior to other beating heart techniques. We examined permanence of safety and success for the on-pump, minimally invasive, stand-alone Cox maze procedure 5 years after surgery.

Methods and Results

Stand-alone, right 5 cm minithoracotomy, Cox maze III/IV procedure for nonparoxysmal AF was conducted in 133 patients (mean follow-up=65±34 months). Data collected prospectively at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months and yearly thereafter and reported per Heart Rhythm Society Guidelines. Paired-samples
t
tests evaluated quality of life changes. Mean age was 57.3±9.2 years, mean LA size was 4.9±1.1 cm, median AF duration was 51 months, and 78% had long-standing persistent AF. All procedures performed with no conversion to midsternotomy, no renal failure, strokes, or operative mortality (<30 days), transient ischemic attack in 1 patient, reoperation for bleeding in 2 patients, and median length of stay was 4 days [3–5.5 days]. At 5 years, 73% were in sinus rhythm off antiarrhythmic medications after single intervention, 1 stroke (718 patient-years) with 81% off anticoagulation, catheter ablation reinterventions in 13 patients for atrial arrhythmia, and cardioversions in 15 patients. Quality of life scores improved significantly by 12 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Successful ablation for nonparoxysmal AF is challenging. Therefore, periprocedural safety and long-term efficacy of minimally invasive Cox maze procedures should be noted. Continued refinement of decision-making techniques is warranted to improve patient selection for the appropriate intervention to treat AF.
Circulating Total Bilirubin and Future Risk of Hypertension in the General Population: The Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐Stage Disease (PREVEND) Prospective Study and a Mendelian Randomization Approach
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Kieneker Lyanne M. , Burgess Stephen , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Dullaart Robin P.F.
Published: November 2017

Background

Circulating total bilirubin is known to be inversely and independently associated with future risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship of circulating total bilirubin with incident hypertension is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association of total bilirubin with future hypertension risk and supplemented this with a Mendelian randomization approach to investigate any causal relevance to the association.

Methods and Results

Plasma total bilirubin levels were measured at baseline in the
PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐Stage Disease)
prospective study of 3989 men and women without hypertension. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of total bilirubin with incident hypertension were assessed. New‐onset hypertension was recorded in 1206 participants during a median follow‐up of 10.7 years. Baseline total bilirubin was approximately log‐linearly associated with hypertension risk. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted
hazard ratio
for hypertension per 1‐SD increase in log
e
total bilirubin was 0.86 (0.81–0.92;
P
<0.001), which was attenuated to 0.94 (0.88–0.99;
P
=0.040) after further adjustment for established risk factors and other potential confounders. The association was marginally significant on further adjustment for high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (0.94; 0.88–1.00;
P
=0.067). A genetic variant at the
UGT
1A1*28 locus consistently shown to be strongly associated with circulating bilirubin levels—rs6742078—was not significantly associated with blood pressure or hypertension (
P
>0.05 for all), arguing against a strong causal association of circulating bilirubin with blood pressure.

Conclusions

The weak and inverse association of circulating total bilirubin with future hypertension risk may be driven by biases such as unmeasured confounding and/or reverse causation. Further evaluation is warranted.
One‐Year Outcome of Intensive Insulin Therapy Combined to Glucose‐Insulin‐Potassium in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Bouida Wahid , Beltaief Kaouthar , Msolli Mohamed Amine , Bzeouich Nasri , Sekma Adel , Echeikh Malek , Mzali Malek , Boubaker Hamdi , Grissa Mohamed Habib , Boukef Riadh , Hassine Mohsen , Dridi Zohra , Belguith Asma , Najjar Fadhel , Khochtali Ines , Nouira Semir ,   the GREAT Network
Published: November 2017

Background

A number of factors may offset the cardioprotective effects of glucose‐insulin‐potassium (GIK) on outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome, such as hyperglycemia induced by this cocktail infusion. We performed a study to evaluate the effect of intensive insulin therapy in association with GIK on 1‐year outcome in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome.

Methods and Results

In a randomized prospective controlled trial we included 772 patients with non–ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Patients were randomized into 3 groups: GIKI
2
group, who received GIK with intensive insulin therapy for 24 hours; GIK group, who received GIK with nonintensive insulin therapy; and control group, who received usual care. The primary outcome criteria were the rates of major cardiovascular events combining death, reinfarction, and stroke rate at 1 year. In addition, we measured platelet function assay‐100 and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 at admission and 24 hours later. Based on an intention‐to‐treat analysis, major cardiovascular events at 1 year was 12.8% in the GIKI
2
group, 15.5% in the GIK group, and 20.5% in the placebo group; the difference was significant between the GIK
2
and control groups (
P
=0.01). Platelet function assay‐100 at 24 hours decreased significantly from baseline in the control group but not in the GIKI
2
group. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 decreased significantly in the GIKI
2
group but significantly increased in the control group. Minor hypoglycemic events were more frequent in the GIKI
2
group compared with other groups.

Conclusions

GIKI
2
led to improvement of 1‐year outcome rates in patients with non–ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. This beneficial effect was associated with a decrease in platelet reactivity and an increase on fibrinolysis tests.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00965406.
Disparities in the Quality of Cardiovascular Care Between HIV‐Infected Versus HIV‐Uninfected Adults in the United States: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ladapo Joseph A. , Richards Adam K. , DeWitt Cassandra M. , Harawa Nina T. , Shoptaw Steven , Cunningham William E. , Mafi John N.
Published: November 2017

Background

Cardiovascular disease is emerging as a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with
HIV
. We compared use of national guideline‐recommended cardiovascular care during office visits among
HIV
‐infected versus
HIV
‐uninfected adults.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of
HIV
‐infected and
HIV
‐uninfected patients aged 40 to 79 years in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey/National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2006 to 2013. The outcome was provision of guideline‐recommended cardiovascular care. Logistic regressions with propensity score weighting adjusted for clinical and demographic factors. We identified 1631 visits by
HIV
‐infected patients and 226 862 visits by
HIV
‐uninfected patients with cardiovascular risk factors, representing ≈2.2 million and 602 million visits per year in the United States, respectively. The proportion of visits by
HIV
‐infected versus
HIV
‐uninfected adults with aspirin/antiplatelet therapy when patients met guideline‐recommended criteria for primary prevention or had cardiovascular disease was 5.1% versus 13.8% (
P
=0.03); the proportion of visits with statin therapy when patients had diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, or dyslipidemia was 23.6% versus 35.8% (
P
<0.01). There were no differences in antihypertensive medication therapy (53.4% versus 58.6%), diet/exercise counseling (14.9% versus 16.9%), or smoking cessation advice/pharmacotherapy (18.8% versus 22.4%) between
HIV
‐infected versus
HIV
‐uninfected patients, respectively.

Conclusions

Physicians generally underused guideline‐recommended cardiovascular care and were less likely to prescribe aspirin and statins to
HIV
‐infected patients at increased risk—findings that may partially explain higher rates of adverse cardiovascular events among patients with
HIV
. US policymakers and professional societies should focus on improving the quality of cardiovascular care that
HIV
‐infected patients receive.
Early Modern Catholicism and Its Historiography
Authors: Geraerts Jaap
Published: November 2017

This article analyses several key developments within the recent historiography on early modern Catholicism. It charts the transformation from church history to religious history, the use of important concepts such as identity and memory, and the focus on transnational and minority Catholicism, showing that over the last couple of decades the field of early modern Catholicism has been enriched and revitalized by cultural historical methods and concepts. This change of perspective and approach caused that the study of early modern Catholicism has become less isolated and more embedded in the wider study of the early modern period in general.
Istanbul as a Space of Cultural Affinity for Syrian Refugees
Authors: Kaya Ayhan
Published: November 2017

The research question to be answered in this paper is to what extent Istanbul provides Syrian refugees with a feeling of security and safety despite the practical difficulties of everyday life such as working conditions, exclusion, xenophobia and exploitation. The main premise of the paper is that historical, cultural and religious forms of affinity are likely to particularly attach the Sunni Muslim Arab Syrians originating from Aleppo province to Istanbul. This paper is expected to contribute to the discipline of refugee studies by shedding light on the historical elements and agency that are often neglected in such analyses. Based on the findings of a qualitative and quantitative study conducted by the Support to Life Association among Syrian refugees in Istanbul in the last quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016, this article aims to delineate the strong attachment of the Syrian refugees to the city of Istanbul.
The Political and Institutional Impact of Syria’s Displacement Crisis: Introduction
Authors: Lynch Marc
Published: November 2017

Syria’s war has since 2011 generated an exceptionally severe displacement crisis. How has the forced movement of millions of Syrians, both within the country and across borders, impacted political institutions and behavior? This symposium examines the political and institutional impact of Syria’s displacement crisis through a diverse set of methods and original empirical field research. Contributors explore the changes in the nature of Syria’s borders, the effects on Syrian identity, patterns of activism and organization among refugees in Jordan and Lebanon, the dynamics of international attention to Syrian refugees, and the challenges of resettlement in Germany.
Criminal Justice Reform in the Xi Jinping Era
Authors: Biddulph Sarah , Nesossi Elisa , Trevaskes Susan
Published: November 2017

This paper reviews current criminal justice reforms that have been initiated in recent years under the governance platform Governing the Nation in Accordance with the Law [yifa zhiguo].
1
These initiatives are helping to reframe criminal justice processes to correspond with the broad governance intentions of President Xi Jinping: finessing center-local power relations, making the authorities in the justice system more accountable for their decision-making, and improving procedures that aim to bring about greater fairness and efficiency. We examine these ongoing reforms in two main areas: the handling of minor crimes and the punishment of serious offenses. We find that yifa zhiguo and the reforms made in its name continue to reflect a highly legalist and instrumentalist vision of law whose goal is to enhance Party-state governance to control dissent and crime more effectively through criminal law, to enhance politico-legal institutional credibility, and, ultimately, to sustain Party supremacy and social stability.
The genus Heteragrion (Odonata: Zygoptera) in Northwestern Colombia, with the description of Heteragrion tatama sp. nov.
Authors: BOTA-SIERRA CORNELIO ANDRÉS , NOVELO-GUTIÉRREZ RODOLFO
Published: November 2017

The Neotropical forest specialist genus Heteragrion counts with 54 species and one subspecies described to date, eight of which have been recorded from Colombia. Here, information on Heteragrion species resulting from ten years of exploration of northwestern Colombia and examination of museum collections, including types and species from Central America, is presented. A new species endemic to the Tatamá National Park in the western Andes, Heteragrion tatama sp. nov. is described, as well as the female of Heteragrion aequatoriale Selys, 1886. Heteragrion calendulum Williamson, 1919 was rediscovered, a century after its first collection, which allowed us to compare it with Heteragrion atrolineatum Donnelly, 1992, and to conclude that the latter species is its junior synonym. We present pictures of female prothoracic intersternite, which offer valuable taxonomic information. The variation in coloration patterns for H. aequatoriale and Heteragrion mitratum Williamson, 1919 is discussed, and maps with new distributional data, a taxonomic key, natural history notes and photographs of the Heteragrion species distributed west of the Magdalena valley in Colombia, are also provided.
The Social Construction of Transformative Political Events
Authors: Basta Karlo
Published: November 2017

Comparative political scientists have sought to remedy their subdiscipline’s structuralist tendencies by paying greater analytical attention to transformative political events. Yet, our conceptual understanding of events remains rudimentary. The article addresses this conceptual gap in two ways. First, it foregrounds symbolic meaning-making as the constitutive attribute of events. Second, it demonstrates that events are not inherently agency-facilitating by developing the concept of prospectively framed events. These are occurrences that actors know will take place, but of whose outcome they are uncertain. Political challengers frame the upcoming event so as to discursively trap incumbents into political action they would rather not undertake. The article demonstrates this process by tracing the conflict between secessionist challengers and political incumbents within the Catalan nationalist movement between 2006 and 2010. The concluding section discusses the causal implications of the argument.
Leadership Development in Counseling Psychology: Voices of Leadership Academy Alumni
Authors: Hewitt Amber A. , Watson Laurel B. , DeBlaere Cirleen , Dispenza Franco , Guzmán Cynthia E. , Cadenas Germán , Tran Alisia G.T.T. , Chain Jennifer , Ferdinand Lisa
Published: November 2017

In 2012, the Society of Counseling Psychology instituted the Leadership Academy (LA) to develop a pipeline of diverse leaders within the Society and the field of psychology. The present study aimed to: (a) better understand the retrospective perceived impact of the training on LA alumni, and (b) provide data about how LA alumni view their leadership development within the context of counseling psychology values. Fourteen LA alumni responded to a series of open-ended survey questions, and we examined the data through qualitative content analysis. Results yielded seven thematic categories: (a) Influences of the LA on Leadership Development and Leadership Skills, (b) Supports to Leadership Development, (c) Barriers to Leadership Development, (d) Greater Awareness of Diversity and Social Identities, (e) Growth Areas of the LA, (f) Personal Definition of Leadership, and (g) Leadership Attainment. Implications for leadership training programs are discussed.
Broken Windows in the Cul-de-Sac? Race/Ethnicity and Quality-of-Life Policing in the Changing Suburbs
Authors: Beck Brenden
Published: November 2017

The racially disparate impacts of the carceral state are well studied, but most of the research has focused on large cities. Are suburban and urban policing similar? One trend suggests suburban policing might be in flux: U.S. suburbs underwent a dramatic demographic shift between 1990 and 2014. Their White populations declined sharply and their poor, non-White, and foreign-born populations all grew. During the same time, broken windows policing, with its aggressive enforcement of low-level quality-of-life crimes, gained popularity. Are suburban police departments adopting broken windows strategies or making racially disproportionate arrests in response to recent racial and economic changes? I use panel data ( N = 1,038 suburbs and 50 cities, with eight observations 1990 to 2014) in fixed effects regression models to address these questions. Data are compiled from the Uniform Crime Reporting Program and the Census. Descriptive statistics show that while quality-of-life arrests are down overall, the White–Black disparity in suburban arrests remains extreme, especially in mostly White suburbs. Multivariate models indicate that increases in poor people in a suburb are associated with increases in quality-of-life arrests, while more Hispanic people are associated with fewer arrests. Results suggest that urban and suburban policing dynamics are quite different.
Do Physical Activity, Social Cohesion, and Loneliness Mediate the Association Between Time Spent Visiting Green Space and Mental Health?
Authors: van den Berg Magdalena M. , van Poppel Mireille , van Kamp Irene , Ruijsbroek Annemarie , Triguero-Mas Margarita , Gidlow Christoffer , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J. , Gražulevičiene Regina , van Mechelen Willem , Kruize Hanneke , Maas Jolanda
Published: November 2017

This cross-sectional study investigated whether physical activity, social cohesion, and loneliness mediate the association between time spent visiting green spaces and perceived mental health and vitality. Questionnaire data were collected from 3,948 residents from 124 neighborhoods across four European cities. Multilevel linear regression analysis revealed positive, but weak, associations between time spent visiting green space and Medical Outcome Study Short Form (SF-36) mental health and vitality score, which suggest small mental health benefits. Single mediation analyses showed that different indicators of physical activity (total, during leisure time, and walking during leisure time), social cohesion, and loneliness were mediators. Multiple mediation analyses showed that physical activity during leisure time and loneliness may explain about 25% of the relationship. The unmediated part of the association suggests that other mediators may explain the association.
Promoting Spillover: How Past Behaviors Increase Environmental Intentions by Cueing Self-Perceptions
Authors: Lauren Nita , Smith Liam D. G. , Louis Winnifred R. , Dean Angela J.
Published: November 2017

Behavioral spillover theory has potential for promoting meaningful behavior change. Spillover occurs when engagement in environmental behaviors affects the adoption of other environmental behaviors. By testing a new experimental model of spillover, this article is the first to concurrently investigate three predicted mechanisms of spillover—self-identity, self-efficacy, and contribution ethic—on different types of environmental behavior. The experimental spillover model examined how triggering self-perceptions (i.e., self-identity, self-efficacy, and contribution ethic) may influence the likelihood of spillover to occur from engagement in household behaviors to intentions for other environmental behaviors. Triggering self-identity was associated with increased private- and public-sphere intentions. Contrary to expectations, contribution ethic was not associated with decreased intentions, and instead was associated with increased public-sphere intentions. Self-efficacy did not uniquely influence intentions. These findings demonstrate that everyday behaviors can provide an “entry point” for other behaviors, strengthening self-perceptions and generating positive spillover.
Confirming the Prevalence, Characteristics, and Utility of Ecological Theory in Explaining Prescription Stimulant Misuse
Authors: Bavarian Niloofar , Sumstine Stephanie , Cruz Sheena , Mendez Jocelyne , Schroeder Cassandra , Takeda Summer
Published: November 2017

To examine the prevalence, characteristics, and utility of ecological theory in explaining prescription stimulant misuse, a probability sample of 499 students from one southern California university (response rate = 94.71%) completed a 100-item paper-based survey. The illicit use of prescription stimulants (IUPS) during college was reported by approximately 21% of students, with approximately 13% of users reporting 10 or more occurrences per academic term. Characteristics of use that were examined suggest a growing trend toward recreational use. We used structural equation modeling to replicate a previously tested ecological model. The number of significant paths in this replication study (i.e., 22) was similar to the number of significant paths in the original study (i.e., 25), and 21 of the significant paths from the original study retained their significance in the replication. Results confirm prescription stimulant misuse remains prevalent, characteristics of the behavior are cause for concern, and ecological theories are a useful tool for explaining the multifaceted nature of IUPS.
Self-Actualization in the Latino/Hispanic Culture
Authors: Ortiz Fernando A.
Published: November 2017

The psychological experience of Latinos/as is deeply rooted in a collectivistic culture that values relationships. This provides them with a sense of identity, purpose, and meaning in life. Consequently, self-actualization is most authentically achieved through their collective values and behaviors and the family plays a central role in defining self-actualizing. The family and the collective are the primary loci where Latinos/as meet their needs for safety, belonging, love, respect, and self-esteem. They are able to reach their full potential, capacities, and talents through positive and nurturing interactions with others. Familismo, personalismo, and simpatia are some of the most important cultural values and behaviors that allow them to fulfill their vocation as highly relational people.
Progressively Tougher Sanctioning and Recidivism
Authors: Mears Daniel P. , Cochran Joshua C.
Published: November 2017

Objectives:

The study tests two related hypotheses about recidivist sentencing premiums and the progressive sanctioning logic on which they rest: (1) among first-time felons, punitive sanctions will more effectively reduce recidivism than will less severe sanctions and (2) among second-time felons, progressively tougher sanctions will more effectively reduce recidivism than will progressions to comparable or less severe sanctions.

Method:

We use data on first-time and second-time felons and propensity score matching analyses to test these two hypotheses.

Results:

Although tougher punishment, and increasingly tougher punishment among second-time offenders, may sometimes reduce recidivism, less severe punishment appears on average to be more effective.

Conclusions:

The results raise questions about the effects of both tougher, and progressively tougher, types of sanctions in efforts to reduce recidivism.
Diversification pathways and farming systems: Insights from the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy
Authors: Rivaroli Sergio , Ghelfi Rino , Bertazzoli Aldo , Piorr Annette
Published: November 2017

The study analyzes and explains on-farm diversification in Emilia-Romagna, a productive and agriculturally intensified region in Italy. The purpose was to contribute to knowledge gaps on the adoption of different diversification strategies in relation to farming system. Based on farm-level census data gathered by the Italian National Institute of Statistics during the sixth general agricultural census, two on-farm diversification pathways were investigated: deepening and broadening. The farmer’s decision to diversify activities and the identification of diversification pathways were analyzed using logit and multinomial logit models. The results show that arable farms adopt broadening strategies, intensive farms opt for deepening ones, and specialized adopters of quality schemes combine both strategies. Furthermore, in contrast to the existing research, the study highlights that intensive farms are more likely than arable farms to diversify. Finally, the findings provide insights to improve analyses in the context of policy and regional strategic support.
Pigment mixing effect realized with pre-dyed opaque yarns for Jacquard textile design development
Authors: Kim Ken Ri , Ng Frankie , Zhou Jiu , Hu Jinlian
Published: November 2017

In modern Jacquard weaving, the application of yarn color variety is limited to electronic Jacquard machinery and realizing a wide scope of weave colors can be challenging. Therefore, when reproducing a pictorial image with a small yarn variety, artwork colors are defined by a CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) system and its primary color data are used to associate with weave structures. In alignment with a CMYK pattern layout, shaded weave structures are incorporated to expand the accessible gamut of weave colors and natural shading is realized by different cover factors in the warp and weft. The mixing effect of CMYK yarns is intended for resolving the technical limitations of current digital Jacquard weaving. In this study, quantitative research is designed to examine four yarn mixing effects for which pairs of CMYK yarns are superimposed (e.g., [C]+[M], [C]+[Y], [M]+[Y], [C]+[K], [M]+[K], [Y]+[K]) and 90 different weave colors are produced in six groups. Once they are formatted in a standardized size, weave samples are measured by a spectrophotometer and analyzed by three coordinates ( L*, a*, and b*) of a CIELAB color system. As shown by the analysis results, the weave colors bear not only varied brightness, hue, and chroma alternations, but also a great similarity to the pigment mixing effect. In application of the color mixing effect, a new way of woven color presentation is achieved and introduced as a new development of Jacquard design.
The Trial of Socrates That Never Ends: An Introduction to the Socrates Tenured Symposium
Authors: Fuller Steve
Published: November 2017

This introduction to the Socrates Tenured symposium reflects on the history of philosophy’s institutionalization as a specialized academic discipline, noting its relative recency in the English-speaking world. Despite occasionally paying lip service to its German idealist origins, philosophy in the United States is best understood as an extension of the Neo-Kantian world-view which came to dominate German academic life after Hegel’s death. Socrates Tenured aims to buck this trend toward philosophy’s academic specialization by a strategy that bears interesting comparison with the anti-professionalism of Robert Maynard Hutchins at the University of Chicago.
Nothing Much for Philosophers
Authors: Schliesser Eric
Published: November 2017

In this article, I argue that by discarding the significance of philosophical methods and tools, the picture of field philosophy offered in Socrates Tenured is more akin to public interest consulting than to philosophy.
Strawmen at the Symposium: A Response
Authors: Frodeman Robert , Briggle Adam
Published: November 2017

In this essay, we reply to the five commentaries offered of our 2016 book, Socrates Tenured: The Institutions of 21st Century Philosophy. We argue that, in a recursive fashion, those commentaries exemplify the thesis of our book – that contemporary philosophy has a blind spot concerning the philosophical priors of its status as an institution. That is, 20th and now 21st century philosophy has limited metaphilosophy to being an exclusively theoretical exercise, neglecting to also pursue a ‘philosophy of philosophy’ in its material, bureaucratic, and Marxist dimensions. After making these points in the introduction, the article is divided into three parts that deal, in turn, with comments that are facile, earnest, and provocative. We then conclude by noting the unintentional irony of our contemporary situation, where the vast majority of philosophy departments are inhabited by sophists rather than philosophers.
Cities and Fiscal Federalism in the Trump Era
Authors: Wang Shu , Pagano Michael A.
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this article is to explore the intergovernmental finance framework with an emphasis on the impacts of the current administration’s proposals on cities, including not just direct financial transfers but also changes to the federal tax code that have implications for municipal finance. In particular, we examine the impacts of two policies—reduced funding of community development block grant and federal income tax reform—to illustrate the effects of federal reform on local governments in the context of American federalism. We contend that the resiliency of local governments to exogenous shocks such as changes in federal policy is contingent on economic resources and institutional constraints imposed by state governments.
Give Me a Hallelujah! Amen! Institutional reproduction in the presence of moral perturbation and the dynamics of emotional investment
Authors: Wijaya Hendra R. , Heugens Pursey P. M. A. R.
Published: November 2017

How do actors continue to contribute to the reproduction of extant institutional arrangements, even after they have become morally perturbed by these arrangements? Through ethnographic research in eleven Pentecostal churches in urban Java, we found that when certain church practices morally perturbed church employees and volunteers, they evoked moral emotions of guilt and anger that triggered institutional instability. However, organizational leaders exerted fear- and respect-eliciting systemic power that made these actors discontinue their disrupting activities. Suppressing the impetus for institutional disruption and change, systemic power engendered actors’ feelings of helplessness. Bringing back power into neo-institutionalism, we investigate the boundary conditions to the mobilizing potential of moral emotions. Rather than exiting the field, morally perturbed actors engaged in reconciling activities, enabling them to shift the anchor of their emotional investment. In our case, the shift took place from idealized institutional arrangements to a more spiritual meaning system. We argue that anchor relocation is vital to the sustained reproduction of institutional arrangements of which actors morally disapprove.
Exploratory analysis of the operation of institutional repositories in Asian countries
Authors: Cho Jane
Published: November 2017

Many academic journals issued by new and developing countries have not been indexed in the global database, making their discovery and access difficult. Therefore, the open access service available through institutional repositories in developing countries can provide direct access to research results, playing an important role in supplementing the flow of global knowledge. This study examines how the basis for open access was established in Asian countries through an exploratory analysis of the status of institutional repositories. Specifically, the operation status of institutional repositories in Asian countries and their influence on the web were examined using OpenDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories) and the Ranking Web of World Repositories (RWWR). Following this, Asian countries were clustered according to their level of operation of repositories by employing factor and cluster analyses. Results of the analyses showed that the level of operation remains poor, despite government assistance in installing institutional repositories in many Asian countries. Meanwhile, the possibility of global open access to research results through institutional repositories in Japan, Korea, India, Taiwan, Indonesia, China, Turkey, and Malaysia was shown to be relatively more feasible than for other new and developing Asian countries.
An unusual presentation of ischaemic mitral regurgitation as P2 prolapse
Authors: Thompson David S. , Punjabi Prakash P.
Published: November 2017

A 54-year-old gentleman presented with pulmonary oedema secondary to anterolateral papillary muscle (PPM) rupture and acute mitral regurgitation subsequent to myocardial ischaemia (MI). Angiography revealed complete occlusion of the first obtuse marginal (OM1) branch of the circumflex coronary artery and a 70% occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Operatively, unusual anatomy was noted; an accessory head was attached superiorly to the anterior lateral PPM. This gave rise to chordae that were subsequently attached to the posterior second (P2) scallop. Additionally, the P2 scallop was deficient in chordae from the posteromedial PPM, thus, loss of this accessory head led to severe mitral regurgitation. We review the PPM anatomy and pathological context of PPM rupture and ischaemic mitral regurgitation.
The views of adults with Huntington’s disease on assisted dying: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Regan Laurence , Preston Nancy J , Eccles Fiona J R , Simpson Jane
Published: November 2017

Background:

Assisted dying is frequently debated publicly and research often includes the views of health professionals on this issue. However, the views of people with life-limiting conditions, for whom this issue is likely to have a different resonance, are less well represented.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to explore the views of people who live with the inevitability of developing Huntington’s disease, a genetically transmitted disease which significantly limits life, on assisted dying.

Design:

Using thematic analysis methodology, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted.

Setting/participants:

Seven participants (five women and two men) who were gene positive for Huntington’s disease took part in the study.

Results:

Four themes were extracted: (1) autonomy and kindness in assisted dying: the importance of moral principles; (2) Huntington’s disease threatens life and emphasises issues relating to death; (3) dilemmas in decision-making on assisted dying: “There are no winners” and (4) the absence of explicit discussion on dying and Huntington’s disease: “Elephants in the room”.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that talking to patients about assisted death may not cause harm and may even be invited by many patients with Huntington’s disease. The perspectives of those who live with Huntington’s disease, especially given its extended effects within families, add significant clinical and theoretical insights.
The use of evidence-based guidance to enable reliable and accurate measurements of the home environment
Authors: Spiliotopoulou Georgia , Atwal Anita , McIntyre Anne
Published: November 2017

Introduction

High quality guidance in home strategies is needed to enable older people to measure their home environment and become involved in the provision of assistive devices and to promote consistency among professionals. This study aims to investigate the reliability of such guidance and its ability to promote accuracy of results when measurements are taken by both older people and professionals.

Method

Twenty-five health professionals and 26 older people participated in a within-group design to test the accuracy of measurements taken (that is, person’s popliteal height, baths, toilets, beds, stairs and chairs). Data were analysed with descriptive analysis and the Wilcoxon test. The intra-rater reliability was assessed by correlating measurements taken at two different times with guidance use.

Results

The intra-rater reliability analysis revealed statistical significance ( P < 0.05) for all measurements except for the bath internal width. The guidance enabled participants to take 90% of measurements that they were not able to complete otherwise, 80.55% of which lay within the acceptable suggested margin of variation. Accuracy was supported by the significant reduction in the standard deviation of the actual measurements and accuracy scores.

Conclusion

This evidence-based guidance can be used in its current format by older people and professionals to facilitate appropriate measurements. Yet, some users might need help from carers or specialists depending on their impairments.
Conditioned medium from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells protects motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells against scratch-injury-induced cell death
Authors: Rajan Thangavelu Soundara , Diomede Francesca , Bramanti Placido , Trubiani Oriana , Mazzon Emanuela
Published: November 2017

Neuronal cell death is a normal process during central nervous system (CNS) development and is also involved in the death of motor neurons in diverse spinal motor neuron degenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of secretory factors released from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) in mechanically injured murine motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells. The cells were exposed to scratch injury and the markers for apoptosis and oxidative stress were examined. Immunocytochemistry results showed that proapoptotic markers cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were elevated while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was suppressed in scratch-injured NSC-34 cells. Oxidative stress markers SOD-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cox-2, and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were activated. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from hGMSCs (hGMSC-CM) significantly blocked the cell death by suppressing SOD-1, iNOS, TNF-α, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. Bcl-2 and anti-inflammatory cytokine anti-interleukin 10 (IL-10) were increased in hGMSC-CM-treated injured cells. Moreover, hGMSC-CM treatment upregulated neurotrophins anti-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT3. Western blot data of hGMSC-CM revealed the presence of neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), NT3, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), suggesting their positive role to elicit neuroprotection. Our results propose that hGMSC-CM may serve as a simple and potential autologous therapeutic tool to treat motor neuron injury.