bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA E EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL: BUSCANDO APROXIMAÇÃO ENTRE ENSINO, PESQUISA E EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA
Authors: Silva William Ribeiro , Nascimento Bruno Pereira
Published: June 2021

A possibilidade de se aproximar ensino, pesquisa e extensão é um caminho a ser buscado pelas instituições universitárias e é sobre o qual se busca debater neste artigo por meio da ação junto ao Centro Socioeducativo - Colégio Padre Carlos Leôncio da Silva, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com jovens apreendidos pelo Estado. Para tanto, buscamos demonstrar a metodologia pautada na dialogia entre universidade – escola, numa interação não hierárquica e de retroalimentação constante. Entre os resultados, há a formação cidadã do meio universitário e sua aproximação com a escola básica e o envolvimento do conjunto da escola (professores, alunos e equipe pedagógica) com o ambiente da pesquisa científica.
Naskah Kajian al-Aqsha
Authors: L Sholehuddin
Published: June 2021

Selama 15 abad al-Quds berada di bawah naungan Islam al-hanif yang damai, makmur dan sejahtera penuh berkah. Hari ini fakta menunjukkan sebaliknya, terjadi prahara badai kemanusiaan, penuh konflik, penindasan, pembantaian jutaan jiwa tak berdosa meninggal, pengusiran dan perampasan hak milik bangsa Palestina berlangsung hampir setiap hari tanpa henti akibat kekejaman dan kebiadaban entitas Zionis. Lalu di manakah letak keberkahan al-Quds? Bagaimana pula kezaliman itu terus terjadi di bumi para nabi? Guna merespons persoalan kemanusiaan ini, penulis mencoba menelusuri menggunakan study library Research untuk mengungkap fakta berdasar pendekatan surat al-Isra ayat satu yang dikorelasikan dengan ayat-ayat serupa dan data empiris sosiologis-antropoligis. Hasil kajian membuktikan bahwa kata barakah memiliki dua dimensi, yaitu: aspek anugerah Allah secara mutlak tanpa keterlibatan makhluk dan aspek anugerah Allah atas usaha yang dilakukan manusia secara optimal sebagai hukum sebab akibat (kausalitas). Kesimpulan kajian menunjukkan bahwa term barakah terbagi tiga aspek, yaitu: pertama, keamanan dari gangguan manusia jahat, bintang buas sebagaimana perjalanan isra Rasulullah dari Makkah ke Palestina. Kedua, kesuburan alam seperti aneka ragam buah-buahan, sayur mayur, binatang ternak tumbuh berkembang. Ketiga, kedamaian, yang diperoleh melalui usaha masyarakat muslim secara sungguh-sungguh sebagai ketentuan hukum kausalitas penyebab mendapatkan kedamaian. Faktor kerja keras dan kerja cerdas yang maksimal menjadi parameter anugerah Allah turun dalam mengatasi konflik dan memperjuangkan pembebasan al-Quds, sehingga keberkahan dalam arti kedamaian di bumi para syuhada itu dapat terwujud.
COMPETENCE APPROACH IN DESIGNING A PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM MEDIADESIGN
Authors: Derev’yanko Nataliya
Published: June 2021

The theoretical aspect is highlighted and practical ways of designing a professional educational program Mediadesign are presented. The features of professional training in the design direction have been investigated. Topical issues of ensuring the quality of the educational process of future media designers using the tools of the competence approach are considered. The article highlights the importance of modeling competencies and the peculiarities of introducing a competent approach into the process of professional training for applicants for higher education. The issues of the importance of modeling competencies and the peculiarities of introducing a competence-based approach into the process of professional training of future media designers in higher education are analyzed. It is proved that the quality of professional training of future media designers justifiably causes the need for the formation of the necessary competencies among students, which combine knowledge, skills, abilities; abilities and personality traits; general culture indicators; the ability to perform professional duties efficiently. The acquisition by future specialists of a system of design, creative, technological, communicative and interactive knowledge, skills and abilities is aimed at the formation of competencies, which should be considered as a result of high-quality professional training in the professional educational program Mediadesign.
The specificity of a media designer's activity lies in the ability to carry out design developments in the context of modern world material and artistic culture, to creatively comprehend the national heritage and to master the skills of using advanced digital technologies as much as possible, provides ample opportunities for employment, professional growth and further scientific activities; the ability to perform complex specialized tasks and solve complex problems in the field of digital media, provides for the implementation of innovations in professional activities and is characterized by the uncertainty of conditions and requirements.
Determining the competencies of a media designer makes it possible to determine a clear logical and consistent structure for the design of an educational and professional program Media design. The acquisition by future media designers of a system of knowledge, skills and abilities is aimed at the formation of integral, general and special competencies, which should be considered as a result of the educational process of professional training of Mediadesign.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL COMPONENT IN THE PERSONALITY STRUCTURE OF A NON-PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY TEACHER
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical UniversityAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Zhampeisovа K.K. , Khan N.N. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical UniversityAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kolumbayeva Sh.Zh. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical UniversityAlmaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article actualizes the problem of training teachers of higher educational institutions of non-pedagogical profile. The authors substantiate the role and significance of the psychological and pedagogical component in the structure of their personality as an important condition for improving the quality of the educational process. The main idea implemented in this work: the transition of higher education in Kazakhstan from an informative system of education to a problem-based, creatively developing system without serious psychological and pedagogical training of higher education teachers, without mastering the mechanisms of personal and professional growth is impossible. As a result of the analysis of foreign experience and literature sources, the authors conclude that it is necessary to strengthen the psychological and pedagogical training of teachers of Kazakhstan higher school of non-pedagogical profile through updating the content of advanced training courses for University teachers, modernization of educational programs of postgraduate education. In this context, the authors consider the introduction of an additional specialty "higher education Teacher", an assistant to a University teacher, to be a promising direction.
A HISTORY OF ASSESSMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors:   South Kazakhstan State University named after M. Auezov,Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Yessingeldinov B.T. , Ashirbayev N.K. ,   South Kazakhstan State University named after M. Auezov,Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Absatova M.B. ,   Center for Pedagogical Measurements AEO «Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools»,Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Nowadays the assessment of academic achievements is one of the multifaceted aspects of school education, playing the role of a formative, motivating, determining, guiding factor in the learning process. Learning assessment is constantly developing and expanding. The history of the development of students’ academic achievementsstarts from teachers’ activity, which is written in works of ancient philosophers. Currently assessment is being considered in accordance with a new stage, adapting to the technical progress of our time. The article examines the history of the development of the learning assessment system in the global educational space, as well as studies the opinions of great Kazakh thinkers and teachers.
THE ROLE OF IDEOLOGY IN THE FORMATION OF PATRIOTISM AMONG YOUNG GENERATION
Authors:   Silkway International University.  Shymkent, Kazakhstan., Chinibayeva G.D. , Naimanbayev B.R. ,   Silkway International University.  Shymkent, Kazakhstan.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the consolidating and educational functions of ideology on the basis of a number of theories and concepts. The concepts of "ideology", "functions of ideology", "modernization of consciousness" are being studied. Every society, and especially a state, needs an ideology that should unite its citizens to perform specific objectives. With the development of human society, the evolution of ideologies took place, going from totalitarian and Nazi to liberal and humanistic. Ideology does not arise out of anywhere; it proceeds from the needs and prerequisites of society and depends on specific historical conditions. Especially important is the role of ideology, a unifying national idea in states that have just embarked on the path of independent development. The Republic of Kazakhstan, freed from the totalitarian Soviet ideology, badly needed the development of its own state ideology. Its role is extremely significant in a sovereign state, especially for the consolidation and spiritual modernization of Kazakhstani society. Ideology is especially important for fostering patriotic feelings among young people, who are responsible for the future of the entire country. The article focuses on the fact that such an ideology has already been formed in Kazakhstan - it is "Rukhany Zhagyru".
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SKILLS FOR FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON CROSS-SUBJECT INTEGRATION
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Sholpankulova G.K. , Kolumbayeva Sh.Zh. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University Almaty,Kazakhstan, Mahmetova B.T. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University Almaty,Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Today, the study of the problem of interdisciplinary integration in professional education is a historically formed direction and has been studied by scientists deeply enough. However, within the framework of the implementation of the competence-based approach in teaching, which is the focus of state compulsory education standards, the problem of interdisciplinary integration acquires a new meaning. The essence of the new meaning of interdisciplinary integration is substantiated by the modern socio-cultural conditions of globalization, informatization, interdisciplinarity, and digitalization. Interdisciplinary integration is the applied focus of the components of the educational process of the university (goal, result, content, form and methodology of teaching) and manifests itself in the relationship of academic disciplines with the content and technologies of professional activity of future teachers, as well as in the consistency of the processes of teaching and upbringing at the university. The globalization of education refers to the process of creating a worldwide unified education system, which erases the differences between the educational systems included in it. Informatization of education is a process when the sphere of education is provided with the methodology and practice of the development and optimal use of modern information technologies, focused on the implementation of the psychological and pedagogical goals of training and education. Digital skills in the modern world are necessary and must be complemented by cross-cutting interpersonal skills, as the ability to effectively interact in the current environment of distance learning. In the process of distance learning, video conferences using computer communication, virtual environment, online lectures and seminars are actively used. A distinctive feature of distance learning is computer-based learning, which contributes to the development of digital skills, since it is based on the student's independent cognitive activity, is active and personality-oriented. The above requires the development of digital skills in future teachers based on cross-subject integration. This article examines the problem of developing digital skills in future teachers based on interdisciplinary integration, and also provides a meaningful characteristic of digital skills.
METHODOLOGY PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER’S TRAINING THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTINUITY OF THE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical university named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kolumbayeva Sh.Zh. , Feyzuldayeva S.А. ,   Zhetysu university named after I.Zhansugurov, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan, Zhumash Zh.E. ,   Kazakh national pedagogical university named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

In the content of the article we can see that the authors conducted an analysis of educational programs in order to develop modern methods for evaluating students’ knowledge based on general education, general professional and special disciplines, the development and practical application of teaching methods based on the continuity of programs. The development of educational programs related to integration is based on interdisciplinary continuity. It is formulated that the values of general education disciplines, basic disciplines, and professional disciplines are taken into account in accordance with the requirements of professional standards. One of the conditions for the success of the professional training of future primary school teachers, the authors see in the implementation of the idea of intersubject continuity and in the use of various forms, methods and means of training that can improve the quality of both the professional training of future teachers and the education system as a whole
INTERACTION WITH SOCIETY IN DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Aitpayeva A. K. , Akparova Zh. M. ,   the Academy "Bolashaq", Karaganda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

In modern psychological and pedagogical science, the concept of "socialization" is interpreted as the process of development and self-development of a person during the assimilation and reproduction of socio-cultural experience. And, of course, it is very important to ensure the successful socialization of the younger generation. In the modern world, the problem of social development of the younger generation is becoming one of the most urgent. Parents and educators are more concerned than ever about what needs to be done to ensure that a child entering this world becomes confident, happy, intelligent, kind, and successful. In this complex process of becoming a person, a lot depends on how the child adapts to the world of people, whether he will be able to find his place in life and realize his own potentialAt first glance, it seems that the social world of a preschool child is small. This is his family, adults and peers, whom he meets in kindergarten. However, the people around the child enter into a variety of relationships — kinship, friendship, professional and labor, etc. Therefore, even at preschool age, children need to form an idea of the diversity of human relations, tell them about the rules and norms of life in society, and equip them with behavioral models that will help them adequately respond to what is happening in specific life situations. In other words, it is necessary to manage the process of socialization.
Variation in bovine leptin gene affects milk fatty acid composition in New Zealand Holstein Friesian  ×  Jersey dairy cows
Authors: Haruna Ishaku Lemu , Zhou Huitong , Hickford Jon G. H.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Leptin is a protein hormone secreted from white adipose tissue. It regulates
food/feed intake, body weight, immune function and reproduction. In our
investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification coupled
with single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to
reveal variation in bovine leptin gene (LEP) in New Zealand (NZ)
Holstein Friesian × Jersey (HF × J) dairy cows.
Subsequent sequence analysis of a 430 bp amplicon spanning the entirety of
exon 3 and part of the intron 2 region revealed three variant sequences
(A3, B3 and C3) containing a total of five nucleotide substitutions,
all of which have been reported previously. Using general linear
mixed-effect model analyses, the presence of variant A3 (the most common
variant) was associated with a decreased level of C15:1, C18:1 trans-11, C18:1
all trans, C18:2 trans-9, cis-12, C22:0 and C24:0 levels but increased levels of C12:1 and
C13:0 iso (p<0.05). Variant B3 was associated with reduced levels
of C6:0, C8:0, C11:0, C13:0 and C20:0 but increased C17:0 iso and C24:0 levels
(p<0.05). Variant C3 was associated with decreased C17:0 iso
levels but increased C20:0 (p<0.05) levels. In a genotype model, the
A3B3 genotype was associated with increased levels of C22:0 and
C24:0 but decreased C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C13:0, C15:0 and grouped medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) levels (p<0.05). Genotype
A3C3 was found to be associated with decreased levels of C10:0,
C11:0, C13:0 and grouped MCFA (p<0.05). This is the first report of
findings of this kind in NZ HF × J cows, and they suggest that
variation in exon 3 of bovine leptin gene could be explored as a means of
decreasing the concentration of saturated fatty acids in milk.
Impacts of long-range transported mineral dust on summertime convective cloud and precipitation: a case study over the Taiwan region
Authors: Zhang Yanda , Yu Fangqun , Luo Gan , Fan Jiwen , Liu Shuai
Published: June 2021

Abstract. As one of the most abundant atmospheric aerosols and effective ice nuclei, mineral dust particles affect clouds and precipitation in the Earth system. Here numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the impacts of dust aerosols on summertime convective clouds and precipitation over the mountainous region in Taiwan. We run the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) coupled with the spectral-bin microphysics (SBM) and Morrison two-moment (Morr2) schemes at 3 km resolution, with the dust number concentrations from a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem-APM). The case study indicates that the long-range transported dust, with relatively low number concentrations, can notably affect the properties of convective cloud (ice/liquid water contents, cloud top height, and cloud coverage) and precipitation (spatial pattern and intensity). The dust effects are evident during the strong convective periods, significantly increasing the ice water contents in the mixed-phase regime via the enhanced heterogeneous freezing. With both the Morr2 and SBM schemes, we see invigoration effects of dust aerosols on the convective intensity through enhanced condensation and deposition latent heating. In this process, the low-altitude dust particles are uplifted to the freezing level by updrafts which, in turn, enhance the convective cloud development through immersion freezing and convective invigoration. Comparing to the Morr2 scheme, the SBM scheme predicts more realistic precipitation and different invigoration effects of dust. The differences are partially attributed to the saturation adjustment approach utilized in the bulk scheme, leading to the stronger enhancement of condensation at mid-low altitude and weaker deposition increase at the upper level.
Environmental Effects on Aerosol-Cloud Interaction in non-precipitating MBL Clouds over the Eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Zheng Xiaojian , Xi Baike , Dong Xiquan , Wu Peng
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Over the eastern north Atlantic (ENA) ocean, a total of 20 non-precipitating single-layer marine boundary layer (MBL) stratus and stratocumulus cloud cases are selected in order to investigate the impacts of the environmental variables on the aerosol-cloud interaction (ACIr) using the ground-based measurements from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facility at the ENA site during the period 2016–2018. The ACIr represents the relative change of cloud-droplet effective radius re with respect to the relative change of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration at 0.2 % supersaturation (NCCN,0.2 %) in the water vapor stratified environment. The ACIr values vary from −0.004 to 0.207 with increasing precipitable water vapor (PWV) conditions, indicating that re is more sensitive to the CCN loading under sufficient water vapor supply, owing to the combined effect of enhanced condensational growth and coalescence processes associated with higher NC and PWV. The environmental effects on ACIr are examined by stratifying the data into different lower tropospheric stability (LTS) and vertical component of turbulence kinetic energy (TKEw) regimes. The higher LTS normally associates with a more adiabatic cloud layer and a lower boundary layer and thus results in higher CCN to cloud droplet conversion and ACIr. The ACIr values under a range of PWV double from low TKEw to high TKEw regime, indicating a strong impact of turbulence on the ACIr. The stronger boundary layer turbulence represented by higher TKEw strengthens the connection and interaction between cloud microphysical properties and the underneath CCN and moisture sources. With sufficient water vapor and low CCN loading, the active coalescence process broadens the cloud droplet size distribution spectra, and consequently results in an enlargement of re. The enhanced NC conversion and condensational growth induced by more intrusions of CCN effectively decrease re, which jointly presents as the increased ACIr. The TKEw median value of 0.08 m2 s−2 suggests a feasible way in distinguishing the turbulence-enhanced aerosol-cloud interaction in non-precipitating MBL clouds.
Measurement report: Strong light absorption induced by aged biomass burning black carbon over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau in pre-monsoon season
Authors: Tan Tianyi , Hu Min , Du Zhuofei , Zhao Gang , Shang Dongjie , Zheng Jing , Qin Yanhong , Li Mengren , Wu Yusheng , Zeng Limin , Guo Song , Wu Zhijun
Published: June 2021

Abstract. During the pre-monsoon season, biomass burning (BB) activities are intensive
in southern Asia. Facilitated by westerly circulation, those BB plumes can
be transported to the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Black carbon (BC), the main
aerosol species in BB emissions, is an important climate warming agent, and
its absorbing property strongly depends on its size distribution and mixing
state. To elucidate the influence of those transported BB plumes on the TP,
a field campaign was conducted on the southeast edge of the TP during the
pre-monsoon season. It was found that the transported BB plumes
substantially increased the number concentration of the atmospheric BC
particles by a factor of 13 and greatly elevated the number fraction of
thickly coated BC from 52 % up to 91 %. Those transported BC particles
had slightly larger core size and much thicker coatings than the background
BC particles. However, the coating mass was not evenly distributed on BC
particles with different sizes. The smaller BC cores were found to have
larger shell / core ratios than the larger cores. Besides, the transported BB
plumes strongly affected the vertical variation in the BC's abundance and
mixing state, resulting in a higher concentration, larger number fraction,
and higher aging degree of BC particles in the upper atmosphere. Resulting
from both increase in BC loading and aging degree, the transported BB plumes
eventually enhanced the total light absorption by a factor of 15, of which 21 %
was contributed by the BC aging, and 79 % was contributed from the
increase in BC mass. Particularly, the light absorption enhancement induced
by the aging process during long-range transport has far exceeded the
background aerosol light absorption, which implicates a significant
influence of BC aging on climate warming over the TP region.
Measurement report: Molecular composition, optical properties, and radiative effects of water-soluble organic carbon in snowpack samples from northern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhou Yue , West Christopher P. , Hettiyadura Anusha P. S. , Niu Xiaoying , Wen Hui , Cui Jiecan , Shi Tenglong , Pu Wei , Wang Xin , Laskin Alexander
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in the cryosphere has an important impact on the biogeochemistry cycling and snow–ice surface energy balance through changes in the surface albedo. This work reports on the chemical characterization of WSOC in 28 representative snowpack samples collected across a regional area of northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. We employed multimodal analytical chemistry techniques to investigate both bulk and molecular-level composition of WSOC and its optical properties, informing the follow-up radiative forcing (RF) modeling estimates. Based on the geographic differences and proximity of emission sources, the snowpack collection sites were grouped as urban/industrial (U), rural/remote (R), and soil-influenced (S) sites, for which average WSOC total mass loadings were measured as 1968 ± 953 ng g−1 (U),
885 ± 328 ng g−1 (R), and 2082 ± 1438 ng g−1 (S), respectively. The S sites showed the higher mass absorption coefficients at 365 nm (MAC365) of 0.94 ± 0.31 m2 g−1 compared to those of U and R sites (0.39 ± 0.11 m2 g−1 and 0.38 ± 0.12 m2 g−1, respectively). Bulk composition of WSOC in the snowpack samples and its basic source apportionment was inferred from the excitation–emission matrices and the parallel factor analysis featuring relative contributions of one protein-like (PRLIS) and two humic-like (HULIS-1 and HULIS-2) components with ratios specific to each of the S, U, and R sites. Additionally, a sample from site 120 showed unique pollutant concentrations and spectroscopic features remarkably different from all other U, R, and S samples. Molecular-level characterization of WSOC using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) provided further insights into chemical differences among four types of samples (U, R, S, and 120). Specifically, many reduced-sulfur-containing species with high degrees of unsaturation and aromaticity were uniquely identified in U samples, suggesting an anthropogenic source. Aliphatic/protein-like species showed the highest contribution in R samples, indicating their biogenic origin. The WSOC components from S samples showed high oxygenation and saturation levels. A few unique CHON and CHONS compounds with high unsaturation degree and molecular weight were detected in the 120 sample, which might be anthraquinone derivatives from plant debris. Modeling of the WSOC-induced RF values showed warming effects of 0.04 to 0.59 W m−2 among different groups of sites, which contribute up to 16 % of that caused by black carbon (BC), demonstrating the important influences of WSOC on the snow energy budget.
Correcting Bias in Log-Linear Instrument Calibrations in the Context of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bi Chenyang , Krechmer Jordan E. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Quantitative calibration of analytes using chemical ionization mass spectrometers (CIMS) has been hindered by the lack of commercially available standards of atmospheric oxidation products. To accurately calibrate analytes without standards, techniques have been recently developed to log-linearly correlate analyte sensitivity with instrument operating conditions. However, there is an inherent bias when applying log-linear calibration relationships that is typically ignored. In this study, we examine the bias in a log-linear based calibration curve based on prior mathematical work. We quantify the potential bias within the context of a CIMS-relevant relationship between analyte sensitivity and instrument voltage differentials. Uncertainty in three parameters has the potential to contribute to the bias, specifically the inherent extent to which the nominal relationship can capture true sensitivity, the slope of the relationship, and the voltage differential below which maximum sensitivity is achieved. Using a prior published case study, we estimate an average bias of 30%, with one order of magnitude for less sensitive compounds in some circumstances. A parameter-explicit solution is proposed in this work for completely removing the inherent bias generated in the log-linear calibration relationships. A simplified correction method is also suggested for cases where a comprehensive bias correction is not possible due to unknown uncertainties of calibration parameters, which is shown to eliminate the bias on average but not for each individual compound.
Quantification of Isomer-Resolved Iodide CIMS Sensitivity and Uncertainty Using a Voltage Scanning Approach
Authors: Bi Chenyang , Krechmer Jordan E. , Frazier Graham O. , Xu Wen , Lambe Andrew T. , Claflin Megan S. , Lerner Brian M. , Jayne John T. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) using iodide as a reagent ion has been widely used to classify organic compounds in the atmosphere by their elemental formula. Unfortunately, calibration of these instruments is challenging due to a lack of commercially available standards for many compounds, which has led to the development of methods for estimating CIMS sensitivity. By coupling a Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatograph (TAG) simultaneously to a flame ionization detector (FID) and an iodide CIMS, we use the individual particle-phase analytes, quantified by the FID, to examine the sensitivity of the CIMS and its variability between isomers of the same elemental formula. Iodide CIMS sensitivities of isomers within a formula are found to generally vary by one order of magnitude with a maximum deviation of two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we compare directly measured sensitivity to a method of estimating sensitivity based on declustering voltage (i.e., “voltage scanning”). This approach is found to carry high uncertainties for individual analytes (half to one order of magnitude), but represents a central tendency that can be used to estimate the sum of analytes with reasonable error (~30 % differences between predicted and measured moles). Finally, GC retention time, which is associated with vapor pressure and chemical functionality of an analyte, is found to qualitatively correlate with iodide CIMS sensitivity, but the relationship is not close enough to be quantitatively useful and could be explored further in the future as a potential calibration approach.
Technical note: Uncovering the influence of methodological variations on the extractability of iron-bound organic carbon
Authors: Fisher Ben J. , Faust Johan C. , Moore Oliver W. , Peacock Caroline L. , März Christian
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Association of organic carbon (OC) with reactive iron (FeR) represents
an important mechanism by which OC is protected against remineralisation in
soils and marine sediments. Recent studies indicate that the molecular
structure of organic compounds and/or the identity of associated FeR
phases exert a control on the ability of an OC–FeR complex to be
extracted by the citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite (CBD) method. However, many
variations of the CBD extraction are used, and these are often uncalibrated
to each other, rendering comparisons of OC–FeR values extracted via the
different methods impossible. Here, we created synthetic ferrihydrite
samples coprecipitated with simple organic structures and subjected these to
modifications of the most common CBD method. We altered some of the method
parameters (reagent concentration, time of the extraction and sample
preparation methods) and measured FeR recovery to determine which (if
any) modifications affected the release of FeR from the synthetic
sample. We provide an assessment of the reducing capacity of Na dithionite
in the CBD method (the amount of Fe reduced by a fixed amount of dithionite)
and find that the concentration of dithionite deployed can limit OC–FeR
extractability for sediments with a high FeR content. Additionally, we
show that extending the length of any CBD extraction offers no benefit in
removing FeR. Moreover, we demonstrate that for synthetic OC–FeR
samples dominated by ferrihydrite, freeze-drying samples can significantly
reduce OC–FeR extractability; this appears to be less of an issue for
natural marine sediments where natural ageing mechanisms may mimic the
freeze-drying process for more stable Fe phases. While our study is not an
all-inclusive method comparison and is not aimed at delivering the
“perfect” extraction setup, our findings provide a collected summary of
critical factors which influence the efficiency of the CBD extraction for
OC–FeR. As such, we provide a platform from which OC–FeR values
obtained under different methods can be interpreted and future studies of
sediment carbon cycling can build upon.
Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis
Authors: Lhardy Fanny , Bouttes Nathaëlle , Roche Didier M. , Crosta Xavier , Waelbroeck Claire , Paillard Didier
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Changes in water mass distribution are considered to be a significant contributor to the atmospheric CO2 concentration drop to around 186 ppm recorded during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Yet simulating a glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in agreement with paleotracer data remains a challenge, with most models from previous Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phases showing a tendency to simulate a strong and deep North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) instead of the shoaling inferred from proxy records of water mass distribution. Conversely, the simulated Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is often reduced compared to its pre-industrial volume, and the Atlantic Ocean stratification is underestimated with respect to paleoproxy data. Inadequate representation of surface conditions, driving deep convection around Antarctica, may explain inaccurately simulated bottom water properties in the Southern Ocean. We investigate here the impact of a range of surface conditions in the Southern Ocean in the iLOVECLIM model using nine simulations obtained with different LGM boundary conditions associated with the ice sheet reconstruction (e.g., changes of elevation, bathymetry, and land–sea mask) and/or modeling choices related to sea-ice export, formation of salty brines, and freshwater input.
Based on model–data comparison of sea-surface temperatures and sea ice, we find that only simulations with a cold Southern Ocean and a quite extensive sea-ice cover show an improved agreement with proxy records of sea ice, despite systematic model biases in the seasonal and regional patterns. We then show that the only simulation which does not display a much deeper NADW is obtained by parameterizing the sinking of brines along Antarctica, a modeling choice reducing the open-ocean convection in the Southern Ocean. These results highlight the importance of the representation of convection processes, which have a large impact on the water mass properties, while the choice of boundary conditions appears secondary for the model resolution and variables considered in this study.
Evaluation of random forests for short-term daily streamflow forecasting in rainfall- and snowmelt-driven watersheds
Authors: Pham Leo Triet , Luo Lifeng , Finley Andrew
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In the past decades, data-driven machine-learning (ML) models have emerged as promising tools for short-term streamflow forecasting. Among other qualities, the popularity of ML models for such applications is due to their relative ease in implementation, less strict distributional assumption, and competitive computational and predictive performance. Despite the encouraging results, most applications of ML for streamflow forecasting have been limited to watersheds in which rainfall is the major source of runoff. In this study, we evaluate the potential of random forests (RFs), a popular ML method, to make streamflow forecasts at 1 d of lead time at 86 watersheds in the Pacific Northwest. These watersheds cover diverse climatic conditions and physiographic settings and exhibit varied contributions of rainfall and snowmelt to their streamflow. Watersheds are classified into three hydrologic regimes based on the timing of center-of-annual flow volume: rainfall-dominated, transient, and snowmelt-dominated. RF performance is benchmarked against naïve and multiple linear regression (MLR) models and evaluated using four criteria: coefficient of determination, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE). Model evaluation scores suggest that the RF performs better in snowmelt-driven watersheds compared to rainfall-driven watersheds. The largest improvements in forecasts compared to benchmark models are found among rainfall-driven watersheds. RF performance deteriorates with increases in catchment slope and soil sandiness. We note disagreement between two popular measures of RF variable importance and recommend jointly considering these measures with the physical processes under study. These and other results presented provide new insights for effective application of RF-based streamflow forecasting.
Capitalismo digital, ¿cuáles son las posibles salidas? Traducción e introducción a cargo de Ekaitz Cancela y Aitor Jiménez
Authors: Morozov Evgeny , Cancela Rodríguez Ekaitz , Jiménez González Aitor
Published: June 2021

Texto basado en la ponencia ofrecida por Evgeny Morozov el 15 de diciembre de 2020 en el contexto de las jornadas ‘Soberanía tecnológica: Democracia, datos y gobernanza en la era digital Alternativas al capitalismo desde el sur’ organizadas por el Instituto 25 de marzo para la Democracia. Transcripción, traducción e introducción a cargo de Ekaitz Cancela y Aitor Jiménez.
WikiLeaks: un debate necesario para el periodismo y la libertad de prensa
Authors: Gutiérrez Almazor Miren
Published: June 2021

Se trata de la sinopsis de dos coloquios sobre la libertad de prensa, WikiLeaks y el proceso contra su fundador, Julian Assange, con diez expertos y expertas en periodismo de investigación, filtradores y filtradoras, y personas cercanas a este. Las ideas que surgieron del debate se centran en el impacto de WikiLeaks, que inauguró un modelo pionero de periodismo y puso encima de la mesa nuevos debates sobre la libertad de expresión y la protección de los filtradores que arriesgan sus vidas para exponer crímenes y manipulación. Asimismo, se habló de relevancia del ‘caso Assange’ para el periodismo. Tres asuntos preocupan a los y las expertas reunidas en estos coloquios: el acceso a los datos de forma directa y sin adulterar por parte de la ciudadanía, la posibilidad de ejercer el periodismo de investigación sin impedimentos y el amparo del derecho a filtrar datos relevantes.
Há corpo por vir: um manifesto à presença do corpo pedagógico nas periferias
Authors: Menezes Jean da Silva , Rocha da Silva Sidney Carlos , Lopes Junior Gelson Antonio
Published: June 2021

A presente reflexão toma a fase pandêmica junto ao pensamento contemporâneo como ponto de partida para a tematização de alguns dos dilemas que atravessam as práticas articuladoras da educação atualmente. Para isso, evocamos o discurso da desigualdade social descrita por pesquisadores de diversas áreas. No intuito de contrastar a precariedade do corpo, veremos que esse processo, já em marcha, vale-se da pandemia como pretexto ideal para a emergência das tecnologias digitais na infraestrutura pedagógica, tendo como entrave à presença viva dos alunos e professores. Nesse cenário, a esfera pedagógica encontra-se dividida entre a sempre possível resistência e a inevitabilidade da precarização do corpo. Mas, há corpo por vir!
Influence of Job Engagement on Transformational Leadership Style and Organizational Performance
Authors: Ali Khan Sarfaraz , Islam Mezbah Ul , Azam Tamanna Nowrin , Matin Wares Ul
Published: June 2021

In recent years, job engagement has received considerable attention among academic community and business professionals. Still such issue needs to be prioritized in the research especially as it is an essential antecedent of organizational performance. This study aims at examining the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational performance and to explore whether job engagement can influence on this relationship. Study data were collected from the employees working in a mobile phone company in Bangladesh and collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. In order to test the study hypotheses Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. The result of measurement model indicates that the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational performance is statistically significant. In terms of mediation effects, job engagement mediates the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational performance.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Microwave Energy on Milling Characteristics of Pigeon Pea
Authors: D. A. Pawar  , D. C. Joshi  , A. K. Sharma
Published: June 2021

Pulse milling industries in India are facing problems of low milling recovery and increased brokens, in spite of using pre-treatments like conditioning with oil, chemicals and enzymes. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of gamma irradiation and microwave energy on milling characteristics of pigeon pea. Conditioned pigeon pea samples at four moisture levels (7, 10, 13, 16 %, w.b.) were pre-treated with four dosage of irradiation (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 kGy) before milling. Gamma irradiation did not improve dehulling efficiency of pigeon pea. Grains at moisture levels of 10, 13, and 16 % (w.b.) were treated with different dosages of microwave. Dehulling efficiency and degree of dehulling was observed to be higher in microwave treated sample, and significantly increased with increasing dosage of microwave energy. Compared to untreated samples, dehulling efficiency and degree of dehulling of treated samples was increased by 18.04 % and 21.65 %, respectively, at microwave dosage of 864 J.g-1 and moisture content of 10 % (d.b.).
Thermal Analysis of Solar Tunnel Dryer and Evaluation for Commercial Mango Leather Drying
Authors: A. G. Mohod  , Y. P. Khandetod
Published: June 2021

A walk-in type semi-cylindrical shaped solar tunnel dryer (10 m x 3.75 m) was designed, developed and evaluated at Dr. B.S. Konakan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli for thermal analysis. The dryer was evaluated by conducting no-load test at laboratory to study the thermal profile, energy input/output during the winter and summer season. Based on the laboratory experience, a commercial scale solar tunnel dryer was installed and evaluated at M/s Shirodkar Food Products Pvt. Ltd., kudal, District Sindhudurg (MS) for commercial mango leather drying. The dryer was loaded with 250 kg mango pulp per batch by spreading over 210 number of grease-proof aluminium trays (1.2 kg pulp in each tray) in three layers (70 trays in each layer). Drying of mango leather was studied in comparison with open sun drying and electrical oven drying for time saving and energy consumption. The study revealed that the average rise in temperature of drying air was about 18 -22 0C over the ambient air. The average drying period reduced by 28 % over open sun drying method. The average temperature inside the solar dryer was 62+5 0C, and required 10 h for upper layer of trays, 13 h for second layer of trays, and 17 h for third level of trays as compared to 26 h in open sun drying. The operating energy cost of solar tunnel dryer was zero as compared to 102 kWh in electrical oven. Considering drying of 30 batches per season, the payback period of the system was 2.7 years.
Call to Arms
Authors: Bruning Jelle
Published: June 2021

This article offers an edition, translation, and study of a hitherto unknown text about Ayyubid or early Mamluk Alexandria. The author, one Abū Khuzayma Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, gives a short yet rich description of the city based as much on Alexandria’s real cityscape as on legends. The text treats famous monuments, such as the city’s lighthouse and the Column of the Pillars, as well as less well-known buildings, such as mosques, colleges, watchtowers, and gates. An analysis of the account leads to the conclusion that its author wrote the account in order to mobilize Muslims for the defense of the city against Frankish or Byzantine attacks on Alexandria or Egypt’s Mediterranean coast in general.
Introduction
Authors: Borrut Antoine
Published: June 2021

Introduction about the Holberg Seminar
Frequency of Sexually Transmitted Pathogens in HIV- Positive Individuals
Authors: Bozdemir Tuğba , Çİçek Candan , Gökengin Deniz , Aydemir Sabire Şöhret , Altuğlu İmre , Önal Uğur , Köse Timur , Pullukçu Hüsnü
Published: June 2021

Objective: Sexually transmitted infections are frequently seen and significant infections for public health. Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections have an important role in controlling the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The investigation of the frequency of other sexually transmitted pathogens in asymptomatic HIV- positive individuals was aimed in the present study. Method: Vaginal and urethral swab samples were collected by 90 HIV- positive asymptomatic individuals themselves aged between 20-69 (median=36, SD=10.48) years, between September 2015 and April 2016. The samples were assessed for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and Human papillomavirus using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: At least one or more than one sexually transmitted pathogen was identified in 49 (54.4%) of 90 HIV-positive individuals. Human Papillomavirus was found in 31 (34.4%), Ureaplasma urealyticum in 20 (22.2%), Ureaplasma parvum in 15 (16.6%), Mycoplasma genitalium in 8 (8.8%), Mycoplasma hominis in 8 (8.8%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 5 (5.5%) and Chlamydia trachomatis in 2 (2.2%) individuals. Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 were not detected in any of the clinical specimens. Conclusion: Approximately 55% of 90 HIV- positive individuals were found to be positive for sexually transmitted pathogens, and . Human Papillomavirus was the most frequently detected pathogen. This condition reveals the necessity of screening even asymptomatic individuals for the presence of this pathogen. Studies are needed to increase awareness in our country on this issue.