bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing VEGF mRNA and miR-494 expression in peripheral blood collected from patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Khani Maryam , Mohamadnia Abdolreza , Hosseini Farzaneh , Bayat Parisa , Bahrami Naghmeh
Published: October 2019

Introduction: oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 2% of all cancers and also is one of the top 10 causes of death in humans. The goal of this article is to assess changes of VEGF mRNA and miR-494 expression.
Method and material: We chose 30 patients with OSCC and 30 healthy people (as a controlled group) and assess the rate of VEGF mRNA and miR-494 expression in peripheral blood with real-time PCR technique.
Findings: VEGF mRNA marker was positive in 24 out of 30 patients. Also, miR-494 was positive in 20 out of 30 patients.
Results: overall based on this article's findings, results could count as a diagnostic screening test for OSCC detection in early steps of cancer.
Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği’nin (Rsoy Ölçeği) Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÖKTAŞ Saniye , IŞIKLI Burhanettin , ÖNSÜZ Muhammed Fatih , YENİLMEZ Çınar , METİNTAŞ Selma
Published: October 2019

Amaç:Ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığı(RSOY) sağlık okuryazarlığının hala gelişmekte olan,  bireylerin ruh sağlığı üzerinde belirleyici rolü olan bir bileşeni olup, ruh sağlığı hastalıklarını tanıma, yönetme ve önlemeye yönelik bilgi ve inanç olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı, RSOY Ölçeği’nin, Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini değerlendirilmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem:Çalışma 2018 öğretim yılında Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi öğrencileriyle yapılan metodolojik tipte bir araştırmadır. Çalışma, ölçek madde sayısı göz önüne alınarak 205 öğrencide yapıldı. RSOY Ölçeği bağımsız iki yabancı dil uzmanı tarafından, çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemiyle Türkçe diline çevrilerek uzman görüşüne sunuldu. RSOY Ölçeği’nin Kapsam Geçerlilik İndeksi 0.82 bulundu. Çalışmada, RSOY düzeyini belirlemede RSOY Ölçeği, eşdeğer ölçüt geçerliliğini değerlendirmede Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32(TSOY-32) kullanıldı.Bulgular:Çalışma grubunun, 105’i erkek(%51.2), 100’ü kadın(%48.8), yaş ortalamaları 20.4±1.7 yıl idi. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi’nde(AFA) maddelerin faktör yükleri 0.36-0.84 arasında ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi’nde(DFA) ölçeğin uyumluluk indeksleri kabul edilebilir düzeylerdeydi. RSOY-Ölçeği puan ortancası tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde diğer öğrencilere göre daha yüksekti. RSOY-Ölçeği ve TSOY-32’nin pozitif yönde korelasyon gösterdiği saptandı. RSOY Ölçeği’nin Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0.71 bulundu. Test-tekrar test puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı.Sonuç:Analizler ışığında, RSOY Ölçeği’nin, ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığını ölçmede yeterli geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği sağladığı söylenebilir.
DA SEMIFORMAÇÃO À OMNILATERALIDADE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE UTOPIAS FORMATIVAS E EMANCIPAÇÃO
Authors: Roitberg Guilherme Prado
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo analisa os aspectos formativos de dois grandes ideais de formação que marcaram a história da educação ocidental: a Paideia grega e a Bildung alemã. A partir da perspectiva histórica, tomando como base o conceito de omnilateralidade de Karl Marx (1818-1883) e a teoria da semiformação de Theodor Adorno (1903-1969), resgatamos as origens e os fundamentos filosóficos das utopias formativas, ressaltando sua relevância na constituição de uma educação política de caráter crítico e emancipatório no contexto da contemporaneidade.
PIBID COMO EXPERIÊNCIA DE FORMAÇÃO: PERSPECTIVAS DE PROFESSORES SUPERVISORES
Authors: Cavalcante Maria Mikaele Silva , Santos Maria Adriana Borges , Silva Silvina Pimentel , Ferreira Heraldo Simões
Published: October 2019

O Programa Institucional de bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) é uma experiência inovadora? Este questionamento subsidia o presente artigo que discute se o PIBID se configura como uma proposta inovadora a partir da perspectiva dos professores supervisores dessa iniciativa no estado Ceará. O estudo vincula-se a pesquisa em rede sobre Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente e Inovação Pedagógica, apoiada pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal em Nível Superior (CAPES). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e empírico, que utiliza como procedimento de coleta de dados entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com trinta professores participantes do programa de diferentes áreas de ensino e localidades do estado do Ceará. Os resultados indicam que o PIBID fomenta práticas docentes inovadoras ao mesmo tempo em que aproxima a universidade da escola.
POLÍTICA DE AMPLIAÇÃO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: A CRIANÇA INGRESSANTE E SUA EDUCAÇÃO NOS DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS
Authors: Silva Jaqueline Cristina da , Ramos Géssica Priscila
Published: October 2019

No ano de 2006, no Brasil, foi aprovada a Lei n. 11.274 que alterou a duração do ensino fundamental para nove anos e estabeleceu a matrícula obrigatória da criança a partir dos seis anos de idade. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi apreender a concepção de criança ingressante e de sua educação nos documentos oficiais que embasam essa política. Para isso, foi utilizada a pesquisa documental, tendo como base as categorias: brincar, espaço, currículo, metodologia de ensino, tempo, relação professor/aluno e aprendizagem/desenvolvimento. A partir dos dados encontrados, verificou-se que a criança ingressante é percebida como um ser completo, com características e peculiaridades próprias que precisam ser consideradas no planejamento pedagógico das escolas de nove anos. Apesar disso, a concepção oficial sobre a criança ingressante e sua educação limita-se a aspectos abstratos e teóricos que necessitam de tempo para serem refletidos e amadurecidos pelos profissionais.
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF SALIVA FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER
Authors: Bel’Skaya L. V.
Published: October 2019

Use of saliva in the clinical laboratory diagnosis is promising, and non-invasive, simple and inexpensive method for the detection of diseases. Integration of complex techniques, including genomic research, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and microbiome, can detect and quantify the number of biomarkers in saliva. Research saliva relates to non-invasive techniques and conducted to evaluate the age and physiological status, detection of somatic diseases, diseases of the salivary glands and oral tissues, genetic markers, drug monitoring, and others. In this review, recent data on the use of saliva to diagnose cancers examined.
IMPRESSIONABLE CYTOLOGY METHOD IN DIAGNOSTICS OF DRY EYE SYNDROME
Authors: Zakharova N. M. , Shabalova I. P. , Ali-Zade G. H. , Rjabtseva A. A. , Vetchinnikova O. N. , Akberova S. I.
Published: October 2019

Analysis of the cellular composition of the eyeball conjunctival prints and evaluation of the informative of the cytomorphological method of research in the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome (DES). Cytological examination using impression cytology was performed in 72 patients: 60 patients with DES and 12 without eye disease (control group). The main component of cytological sample in patients with DES are (a) squamous epithelium (hyperkeratocytes); (b) groups and clusters of flattened epithelial cells; (c) a small amount (up to five in the preparation) of goblet cells. Impression cytology method improves the accuracy of diagnosis of DES.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN BIOBANK. WORLD TENDENCIES AND EXPERIENCE OF BIOBANK OF FSI «NMRC FOR PREVENTIVE MEDICINE» OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTHCARE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Pokrovskaya M. S. , Borisova A. L. , Sivakova O. V. , Metelskaya V. A. , Meshkov A. N. , Shatalova A. M. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: October 2019

This paper provides several definitions of the term “biobank”; a list of standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) applicable to the activities of biobanks; analyzes the legal and ethical requirements; the Russian legal framework in the field of biobanking, the best international practices and recommendations; describes the experience of the development and implementation of quality management systems according to ISO 9001 in Biobanks established in different countries, and the experience of the Bank of Biological Material of the National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. The ISO 20387 Biobanking Standard, released in August 2018, combined the knowledge and experience of specialists from around the world and defined the general requirements that must be fulfilled by biobanks and repositories wishing to guarantee their customers the high quality of the preanalytical stage of scientific research, biological samples and associated data. In 2019, the Russian version of this standard is expected. Documents of the quality management system provide the reproducibility of activities on the main storage processes and facilitates the process of incorporating a new employee; conducting internal and external audits; Biobank knowledge management - continuous staff education. The introduction of an effective quality management system into biobank activity warrants the high quality of biological samples, the standardized pre-analytical stage, reliable, regulated long-term storage of biomaterial and related information for use in research purposes today and in future.
INFLAMMATION MARKERS AND BLOODSTREAM INFECTION (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors: Kargaltseva N. M. , Kotcherovets V. I. , Mironov A. Yu. , Borisova O. Yu. , Burbello A. T.
Published: October 2019

In response to inflammation there appear « reactants of acute phase» which are nonspecific but they can show the disease gravity and prognosis. The markers of the acute phase are: C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NP), presepsin (PSP), necrosis tumor factor α (NTF-α), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the total amount of leucocytes, neutrophils, protein fractions (α, β2, γ-globulins), IgM. CRP concentrations rise in the presence of bacterial infections and they are significanly higher in the positive blood cultures than in the contamination or negative ones. PCT levels grow in case of gram-negative bacteremia, but the levels are normal in case of coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia. PCT levels are more helpful here than CRP levels with suspected bacteremia. NP levels rise in patients with bacteremia. In the presence of infection, PSP becomes more active than CRP and PCT, and PSP sensitivity is 91,4% in patients with sepsis. Patients with infectious endocarditis have high levels of NTF-α in case of staphylococci infection in blood but the levels of NTF-α are low with enterococci and corynebacterium bloodstream infection. In case of inflammation the acute phase protein level changes are infection markers including bloodstream infection but they are not specific for determining any bacteremia aetiology.
Developing Skin, Wound, and Ostomy Products Formulary for a NICU in a Children's Hospital
Authors: Scheans Patricia , Ecklund Margaret , Hampton Roxanne
Published: October 2019

Selecting products for neonatal skin and wound care is challenging because of the special nature of neonatal skin and the lack of data regarding safety of current skin and wound care products for use in neonates. This is especially challenging in the care of extremely low birth weight infants who have underdeveloped dermis and epidermis.1 This article explores the process of a Level IV Children's Hospital within a multihospital system in the Pacific Northwest, developing a formulary for the NICU on products used for skin, wound, and ostomy care.
Minor Cannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Thomas Fabian Johannes , Kayser Oliver
Published: October 2019

Cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. play an important role as natural products in clinics. The major cannabinoids compromise tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and its decarboxylated analogs. In this review, we focus on often neglected minor cannabinoids and discuss biosynthetic and chemical degradation routes to other neglected cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa starting from THCA, CBDA and cannabichromenic acid (CBCA). Based on the literature, patents and scientific reports, essential routes for the chemical modification of cannabinoids are discussed to explain chemical diversity chemical conversion and degradation by UV light, as well as temperature and pH leading to the formation of structurally unusual cannabinoids in planta called as minor cannabinoids. Based on known bioorganic reaction schemes and organic chemistry, principles for minor cannabinoid formation like [2+2] cycloaddition, Markonov condensation, radical introduction, or aromatization are discussed. Finally, the non-aqueous environment in Cannabis sativa trichomes is analyzed to clarify their role of a miniaturized bioreactors the light-induced conversion in  a non-aqueous enviroment. The overall objective is to bridge from metabolic profiling via cannabinomics to structural and chemical diversity that allows the definition of patterns with consequences also to pharmacology and plant breeding.
Preparation of Nanochitosan as an Effective Adsorbent for Removal of Pb (II) From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zareie Camellia , Kholghi Eshkalak Saeideh , Najafpour Darzi Ghasem , Sharifzadeh baei Mazyar , Younesi Habibollah , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: October 2019

In this work, nanochitosan (NC) was prepared through ionic gelation using low-molecular-weight chitosan and maleic acid (MA). The synthesized NC was charac¬terized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In the course of preparation, the particle size of the material was strongly depended on the parameters such as chitosan concentration and pH of the solution. By controlling the above parameters, NC with the size of smaller than 100 nm was prepared. The chitosan and prepared NC were used for the adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions in a batch system. Among the sorption parameters, pH showed the strongest effect on the sorption process and maximum Pb (II) removal was obtained at pH value of 6. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were used to track the kinetics of adsorption process. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were subjected to sorption data to estimate the sorption capacity. NC proved to be an excellent adsorbent with remarkable capacity to remove Pb (II) ions from the aqueous solutions at various concentrations. The NC also showed incredible performance with a comparatively easier preparation process than other reported work.
Endophytic Fungi of Citrus Plants
Authors: Nicoletti Rosario
Published: October 2019

Besides a diffuse research activity on drug discovery and biodiversity carried out in natural contexts, more recently investigations concerning endophytic fungi have started considering their occurrence in crops based on the major role that these microorganisms have been recognized to play in plant protection and growth promotion. Fruit growing is particularly involved in this new wave, by reason that the pluriannual crop cycle implies a likely higher impact of these symbiotic interactions. Aspects concerning occurrence and effects of endophytic fungi associated with citrus species are revised in the present paper.
LTF, PRTN3, and MNDA in Synovial Fluid as Promising Biomarkers for Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Wang Chi , Wang Qi , Li Rui , Qin Jun , Song Lei , Zhang Qian , Liu Mingwei , Chen Jiying , Wang Chengbin
Published: October 2019

Background:

Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) requires various laboratory and clinical criteria. The purpose of this study was to explore novel biomarkers that could rapidly diagnose PJI with high accuracy.

Methods:

In this retrospective study of prospectively collected samples, 50 synovial fluid aspirates, 20 from the hip and 30 from the knee, were collected before surgery; 25 of the patients were diagnosed as having aseptic loosening (non-PJI) and 25, as having PJI according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. A quadrupole orbital-trap mass spectrometry (MS) instrument was used to compare expression of proteins in patients with and without PJI. Proteins that were most efficacious for diagnosis of PJI were then determined using prediction analysis of microarray software and a random forest model. The most promising proteins were selected, and altered expression of these selected proteins was verified by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in an extended sample cohort.

Results:

A total of 256 proteins were significantly upregulated (≥3.0-fold) and 14 proteins were downregulated in synovial fluid of patients with PJI compared with patients without PJI. The 3 most promising proteins were lactoferrin (LTF), polymorphonuclear leukocyte serine protease 3 (PRTN3), and myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA). When MS was used for diagnosis of PJI, the area under the curve was 0.9888 for LTF, 0.9488 for PRTN3, and 0.9632 for MNDA. ELISA results verified that LTF, MNDA, and PRTN3 were sensitive, while LTF and MNDA were specific, for diagnosis of PJI.

Conclusions:

This proteomic study identified a previously noted protein and 2 novel candidate proteins as promising synovial fluid biomarkers for PJI diagnosis, and they should be further validated in future clinical trials.

Level of Evidence:

DiagnosticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Improving Students Creativity in Producing Instructional Aids for Physics Lesson from Waste and Garbage
Authors: Berlianti Nindha Ayu , Manasikana Oktaffi Arinna , Hayati Nur
Published: October 2019

The rising of an environmental issue and the lack of the handling of garbage organizing give support to us to do the research by involving garbages as the main material in making simple visual aids of physics. Based on that condition, we try to make new innovations in stimulating the creativity developing of natural science education department students of UNHASY having done the lecturing of basic physics collaborated with environmental science. The purpose of the research is to be able to give insight through education program of 5R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Replace, Respect) to students of natural science department of  University of Hasyim Asy’ari and apply that knowledge in changing garbage to be simple visual aids of physics. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive, whose data can be divided into 3 kinds: observation results (detail description of what has happened in the field), interview results ( direct citation from people’s statements in interview session) dan written material. The results of the data are, then analyzed by using observation sheets of creative thinking ability. The main research subjects are 29 students. Meanwhile, the research result is in the form of the average score of students’ creativity ability reaching 72.5% with high category.The rising of an environmental issue and the lack of the handling of garbage organizing give support to us to do the research by involving garbages as the main material in making simple visual aids of physics. Based on that condition, we try to make new innovations in stimulating the creativity developing of natural science education department students of UNHASY having done the lecturing of basic physics collaborated with environmental science. The purpose of the research is to be able to give insight through education program of 5R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Replace, Respect) to students of natural science department of  University of Hasyim Asy’ari and apply that knowledge in changing garbage to be simple visual aids of physics. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive, whose data can be divided into 3 kinds: observation results (detail description of what has happened in the field), interview results ( direct citation from people’s statements in interview session) dan written material. The results of the data are, then analyzed by using observation sheets of creative thinking ability. The main research subjects are 29 students. Meanwhile, the research result is in the form of the average score of students’ creativity ability reaching 72.5% with high category.
Student Cognition in the Context of a Climate System: Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect
Authors: Handayani Rifati Dina , Putra Pramudya DA
Published: October 2019

Education needs to emphasize more attention to environmental issues. The school is an active place to provide actual knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior towards environmental issues such as global warming dan the greenhouse effect. This study aimed to investigate seventh-grade students' cognition in the context of a climate system. This study was descriptive, involving the collection of qualitative data. These qualitative data were then analyzed for their content inductively to identify concepts and patterns of student responses. This study indicated that students believed that global warming caused by six factors involving the greenhouse effect, depletion of the ozone layer, fossil fuel usage, forest fires, use of chemicals, and industrial air pollution. Also, they convinced six segments of the global warming impacts: ocean, soil, air, plants and animals, humans, and weather and season changes. The student thought about the climate system was substantially linear, where the contribution of human activities caused global warming that finally have an impact on humans themselves.
De novo characterization of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome and comprehensive analysis of the diploid and triploid leaf morphology and physiological differences
Authors: QI Yong , YAO Xinzhuan , ZHAO Degang , Lu Litang
Published: October 2019

Background Polyploidization has undergone a series of significant changes in the morphology and physiology of tea plants as plants multiply, especially in terms of increased growth rate and genetic gainsResult In this study, we found that the leaves of triploid tea had obvious growth advantages compared with diploid tea leaves, which was 59.81% higher than that of diploid leaves areas. The morphological structure of the triploid leaves showed obvious changes, the xylem of the veins was more developed, the cell-to-cell gap between the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue became larger, and the stomata of the triploid leaves were enlarged. After the polyploidy of tea, the content of secondary metabolites in tea leaves also changed significantly. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that after the triploidization of tea, the changes of leaf morphology and physiological characteristics were affected by the specific expression of some key regulatory genes. we identified a large number of transcripts and genes that might play important roles in leaf development, especially those involved in cell division, photosynthesis, hormone synthesis, and stomatal development.Conclusion This study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea leaf and stomatal development and provide the basis for molecular breeding of high quality and yield tea varieties. Furthermore, it gives information that may enhance understanding of triploid physiology.
Plating and imaging of yeast colonies for segmentation and classification with neural networks
Authors: Bühler Marc , Dümpelmann Lea , Carl Sarah
Published: October 2019

The yeast research community commonly makes use of a simple and powerful color reporter assay, based on adenine auxotrophy, to study genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Manual classification and quantification of colony color in high numbers is tedious, immensely time consuming, can be erroneous and irreproducible. To overcome these problems, we have established an automated pipeline to quantify and classify yeast colonies from images of entire plates with high accuracy (98.6%). Having the same plating and imaging conditions as used for training of the network is key to this high accuracy. Here we provide a standardized protocol for plating of yeast and imaging within 5-7 days, compatible with the classification pipeline described in Carl et al (bioRxiv; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/801845).
Emergent Stateness: Critical Urban Geopolitics in Slavutych
Authors: Pickett Nathaniel Ray
Published: October 2019

The city of Slavutych was built specifically to house the workers who would continue to work post-disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) and their families. It was the pinnacle of Soviet planned cities, the culmination of decades of lessons learned from similar projects, and the architectural embodiment of Soviet multinationalism. However, in spite of all the excitement the new city elicited, within just a few years the now-independent Ukrainian government, under pressure from international organizations like the International Atomic Energy Association and the United Nations, established a hard expiration date for the shutdown of all ChNPP reactors, which in turn would mean economic devastation for Slavutych and render its existence wholly unnecessary. Rather than wait for the inevitable, city leaders and residents leveraged global and national interest in the Chornobyl disaster and its aftermath, drawing investments from multinational corporations, international organizations, and states to keep the city alive. Their scattergun approach to economic diversification and pre-emptive urban revitalization paid off, as Slavutych thrived even as the rest of Ukraine suffered major economic and demographic crises. This paper examines how Slavutych citizens were able to forge, and then to act upon, geopolitical relationships to mitigate the lingering social, political, and economic effects of the Chornobyl disaster in the city.
“What Kind of Soviet Citizen Will You Grow into?”: Ukrainian Adventure for Adolescents in the Stalinist Epoch
Authors: Semenova Daria
Published: October 2019

This article analyzes a number of Soviet Ukrainian adventure narratives written during the 1930-40s, including the novels “Lakhtak” (“Lakhtak,” 1934) and Shkhuna “Kolumb” (Schooner “Columbus,” 1940) by Mykola Trublaini, Shkola nad morem (A School by the Sea, 1937) by Oles' Donchenko, Hospodari Okhots'kykh hir (The Owners of the Okhotsk Mountains, 1949) by Ivan Bahmut, and several short stories. This entertaining genre was used to educate its young readers about their place and aims in the world, as well as about the boundaries of the newly-forged Soviet identity and its meaning. This period witnessed a radical change in the criteria for defining group identity, as proposed to young readers: ethno-national markers were substituted by belonging to an ideological community and by class affiliation. As a result, although anyone originating from outside the Soviet borders was perceived as a menace, some foreigners of a “correct political orientation” could be recognized as potentially belonging to “our” community. At the same time, this change implied that there were hidden “enemies” among alleged “in-group” members, which justified the mobilized state of the group identity. The adventure stories analyzed here also shed light on the fostering of a sense of Union-wide unity through the parallels they drew between the experiences of young Ukrainian readers and those of their counterparts in faraway regions of the USSR.
Review of Joshua A. Sanborn. Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire.
Authors: Yekelchyk Serhy
Published: October 2019

Book review of Joshua A. Sanborn. Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire. Oxford UP, 2014. xii, 290 pp. Maps. Sources for Maps. Works Cited. Index. $49.95, cloth.
Review of Leonard G. Friesen, editor. Minority Report: Mennonite Identities in Imperial Russia and Soviet Ukraine Reconsidered, 1789-1945.
Authors: Proshak Vitaliy V.
Published: October 2019

Book review of Leonard G. Friesen, editor. Minority Report: Mennonite Identities in Imperial Russia and Soviet Ukraine Reconsidered, 1789-1945. U of Toronto P, 2018. Tsarist and Soviet Mennonite Studies, edited by Harvey L. Dyck. xii, 340 pp. Tables. Appendix. Index. $75.00, cloth.
Controlled Atmosphere Effects on Physical Changes and Ethylene Evolution in Harvested Okra
Authors: Baxter Lawford , Waters Luther
Published: October 2019

Pods of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) stored in an atmosphere of 5% O2 and 10% CO2 at 10 ± 1C were compared with pods stored in air at the same temperature to determine the effects of storage environment on physical characteristics and ethylene evolution of the pods. Controlled-atmosphere-(CA) stored pods lost less weight, retained total solids and chlorophyll better, and had a higher mucilage viscosity than air-stored pods. Toughness, fibrousness, and incidence of microbial decay were lower in CA-stored pods than in air-stored pods. No differences were seen in the levels of alcohol-insoluble solids or discoloration of the cut surface between pods from the two storage environments. Ethylene evolution was lower in CA- than air-stored pods.
Comparative Effects of Uniconazole Drench and Spray on Shoot Elongation of Hybrid Lilies
Authors: Jiao J. , Wang X. , Tsujita M.J.
Published: October 2019

Uniconazole was applied as a drench or spray to six hybrid lily (Liliurn sp.) cultivars. Spray application was generally more effective than drench in reducing shoot elongation rate in the first few weeks, and then the efficacy decreased and was less effective than the drench at later stages of plant development. At flowering, a uniconazole drench at 0.1 mg/pot was ineffective for height reduction in `Bravo', `Juliana', and `Sunray' lilies. At higher rates, uniconazole drench was similar to spray in reducing shoot growth in `Bravo' and 306-1 but less effective than spray in `Juliana', `Star Gazer', and `Sunray' lilies. Uniconazole spray reduced plant height at flowering in all the lilies compared to control plants. Days to flower was not affected in `Bravo', `Juliana', and `Sunray' but was increased in `Star Gazer', 306-1, and 306-2 by uniconazole spray treatments. Flowering duration was decreased only in 306-1 by uniconazole spray at 0.2 mg/pot. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl) -4,4 -dimethyl-2-(l,2,4 -triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3 -ol (uniconazole).
Leaf Ethylene Evolution Level Following High-temperature Stress in Common Bean
Authors: Sauter Karl J. , Davis David W. , Li Paul H. , Wallerstein I.S.
Published: October 2019

Yield in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., can be significantly reduced by high temperature (I-IT) during bloom. Ethylene production from plant tissue increases as a consequence of various stresses, including heat stress. The inheritance of leaf ethylene evolution rate (EER) of HT-stressed (35/30C day/night) progenies from crosses among bean genotypes previously categorized as HT sensitive or tolerant, based on cell electrolyte leakage, was investigated. Evidence from generation means analysis of Fl, F2, and backcross progenies shows EER to be genetically controlled, with additive, dominance, and epistatic effects indicated for low EER. The range (0.62 to 2.52 μg-1·hr-1) of EER from field-grown lines and cultivars suggests the existence of considerable genetic variability. EER was associated (r = –0.70) with heat tolerance, as estimated by cell electrolyte; leakage.
INHERITANCE OF FLOWERING TIME AND ITS APPLICATION FOR INDIRECT SELECTION IN THE DAVIS POPULATION OF GERBERA
Authors: Yu Yiran , Harding James , Byrne Thomas
Published: October 2019

Genetic components of variance and heritability of flowering time were estimated for five generations of the Davis Populationof Gerbera hybrids, Composite, Estimates of narrow-sense heritability averaged 0.50 and broad-sense heritability averaged 0.77 using the NCII design. Narrow-sense heritability was also estimated with two models of parent-offspring regression, resulting in average heritability of 0.49 and 0.51. Estimates of components of variance indicated that the major genetic effect controlling flowering time is additive. However, the dominance component accounted for 28% of the total variance; the environmental component was only 23%. Flowering time is negatively correlated with cut-flower yield. The phenotypic coefficient was –0.34; genetic correlations were –0.47 when estimated from the NCII design, and –0.72 when estimated from the parent-off-spring method. A practical model was constructed to assess the efficiency of indirect selection for cut-flower yield using flowering time as a marker trait. The advantages of indirect selection accruing from increased population size and reduced generation time are discussed.
Evaluation of Broccoli and Cauliflower Germplasm for Resistance to Race 2 of Peronospora parasitica
Authors: Thomas Claude E. , Jourdain E.L.
Published: October 2019

Evaluations for resistance against race 2 of downy mildew, incited by Peronospora parasitica, were conducted on 240 U.S. Plant Introductions (PI) classified as Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (consists of both broccoli and cauliflower types). Plants were inoculated at the two-expanded leaf stage with 5.0 × 103 sporangia per ml. Inoculated plants were incubated in a dark 16C dew chamber for 24 hr and were then placed in a 22C growth chamber with a 12-hr photoperiod. On the 7th day after inoculation, plants were returned to the dew chamber for 30 hr and ratings for downy mildew reaction phenotypes were made at 9 days postinoculation on a 0-9 scale of increasing disease severity. A disease index (DI) was calculated for each entry. Based on the DI, no PI entries were highly resistant. PI entries 181860, 188562, 204765, 204768,204772,204773, 204775,204779,241612, 264656,291567,373906, and 462225 were moderately resistant. (DI of 3.1-5).
THE BURP INDEX
Authors: Duke James A.
Published: October 2019

Bruce Ames and associates have generated a HERP (Human Exposure/Rodent Potency) index that is useful for putting relative carcinogenicities in perspective. His data can be made more useful by translating to a common denominator, as has been done in the BURP (Better Understanding of Relative Potencies) index, showing. for example, that a liter of wine is 18,000 times more carcinogenic (for the ethanol) than a liter of chlorinated water (for the chloroform). For the ethanol. 1 liter of beer is 8000 times; for formaldehyde, 1 liter of kola is 7700 times; for the safrole, 1 liter of old-fashioned root beer is 575 times; for symphytine, 1 liter of comfrey leaf tea is 125 times; and, for the unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazide (UMDH), 1 liter of apple juice is only 10 times as carcinogenic as 1 liter of tapwater. In the FNF (Father Nature's Fannacy) database, biologically active compounds in plant foods are quantified (parts per million). Where available, LD50s. ED50s, and ID50s of these biologically active compounds are incorporated to index, respectively, relative acute toxicities, effective doses, and inhibitory concentrations. in indices that parallel the HERP and BURP indices.
Effect of Defoliation Time on Depth of Dormancy and Bloom Time for Low-chill Peaches
Authors: Lloyd Jon , Firth Daryl
Published: October 2019

In a relatively low-chill environment, two cultivars of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] differing in chilling requirement (`Flordaprince', 150 units and `Flordagold', 325 units) were defoliated at 10-day intervals during midautumn. Effects of defoliation on depth of bud dormancy and dose-dependent responses of cuttings to hydrogen cyanamide throughout the dormant period were analyzed to develop a dormancy index (DI). DI values indicate that early defoliation reduces depth of bud dormancy throughout winter for both cultivars. For `Flordaprince', this was translated into early leafing and bloom, but fruit size was reduced by early relative to late defoliation. In contrast to `Flordaprince', vegetative and floral budbreak of `Flordagold' were delayed by early defoliation. These results indicate that early defoliation affects depth of dormancy and growth ability of buds, but that the extent to which these factors affect bud development depends on cultivar.
Spur Development of `Delicious' Apple as Influenced by Position, Wood Age, Strain, and Pruning
Authors: Rom Curt R. , Barritt Bruce
Published: October 2019

The role of spur leaves in bud and fruit development on two spur-type `Delicious' apple strains (Malus domestica Borkh.) and factors affecting spur development were studied. Reducing spur leaf area on vegetative spurs in August reduced the number of spurs that flowered the following year but did not affect flower size. On spurs that did flower, leaf area reduction the previous year did not influence leaf number or area, but the bourse shoot leaf area was reduced. Spur bud diameter, leaf area, size, specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf dry weight were larger on 2-year-old vegetative spurs than on 1- or 3-year-old spurs. Within each age section of a limb, spur leaf number, area, size, SLW, and bud diameter decreased from the apical to basal positions on the limb. Flower number did not vary within a limb section, but fruit set was lower on the most apical and basal spurs compared to midshoot spurs. Fruit size was largest at the apical end of each limb section and was smallest at basal positions. These relationships were not affected by strain, tree age, or orchard location. Summer pruning at 30 days after bloom tended to increase leaf number, area, size, and spur length compared to unpruned trees or pruning later in the season but did not influence spur bud diameter.
Seedling Emergence and Yield from Hydrated Collard Seeds Fluid-drilled in High-phosphorus Gel
Authors: Pill Wallace G.
Published: October 2019

Seeds of `Champion' collard (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) were hydrated in water or a fluid-drilling gel (N-gel, hydroxyethyl cellulose) for 1 or 2 days at 20C (50 seeds/ml) before they were fluid-drilled into peat-lite in a greenhouse. Time to 50% seedling emergence from these seeds was more than 2 days earlier than from dry-sown untreated seeds, although emergence synchrony and percentage were unaffected. A second greenhouse study revealed more rapid seedling emergence from hydrated seeds that then were fluid-drilled than from dry-sown untreated seeds even when the delivery gel contained up to 25 g 9N-19.8P-12.5K/liter. Increasing fertilizer from 5 to 25 g·liter-1 led to increased shoot fresh weight 6 weeks after planting. When sown on two dates into field plots, hydrated seeds (1 day in either water or gel at 20C, 50 seeds/ml) that were fluid-drilled in 1.5% (w/v) N-gel containing 5 or 15 g 9N-19.8P-12.5K/liter yielded 42% greater final shoot fresh weights than untreated seeds sown dry.
Evaluation of a Growing Medium Cooling System and Its Effects on the Flowering of Altroemeria
Authors: Bridgen Mark P. , Bartok J.
Published: October 2019

Red- and pink-flowering cultivars of Alstroemeria were grown with and without cooling tubes placed in the growing medium. Cooling tubes were placed immediately below, 5 cm below, and 10 cm below the surface of the medium. Cooling was obtained by circulating well water (10 to 15C) through polyethylene tubing. Air and media temperatures were recorded every 3 to 10 days in the morning and in the late afternoon to determine if positioning of the cooling tubes had an effect on the medium temperature. The air temperature was warmer than the noncooled medium, which, in turn, was significantly warmer than the cooled medium. There were no significant differences in media temperatures among the three cooling treatments. Flowering of cooled Alstroemeria cultivars continued for 2 months longer at the end of the summer and reinitiated 1 month earlier than the noncooled control. Both cultivars produced significantly more total flowers when grown in cooled medium. Flower production was greatest in the summer for plants with tubes 10 cm below the surface and least for plants in noncooled medium. This trend continued when flowering was reinitiated; however, by April of the following year, all treatments were equal in flower production.
Temperature and Irradiance Influence Growth and Development of Three Cultivars of Achimenes
Authors: Vlahos J.C.
Published: October 2019

Three cultivars of Achimenes, `Flamenco', `Hilda', and `Rosenelfe', were grown for 10 weeks in nine environments: 17, 21, and 25C combined with 8, 16, or 24 hours of irradiance (213 μmol·s-1·m-2). Increase in temperature increased plant height, number of nodes, number of flowers, and shortened time to anthesis. Number of axillary shoots was enhanced at 17C. Increasing duration of illumination increased shoot dry weight and reduced plant height; a 16-hour light duration compared to 8 or 24 hours increased size and fresh and dry weight of rhizomes. `Rosenelfe' responded differently from `Flamenco' and `Hilda' to the environmental treatments. Depending on cultivar, top growth and flowering were influenced by temperature and duration of illumination, whereas rhizome growth was affected mainly by the latter.
Cold Acclimation of Young Kiwifruit Vines under Artificial Hardening Conditions
Authors: Lu Shaoli , Rieger Mark
Published: October 2019

One-year-old kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et R. Ferguson var. deliciosa] vines were grown under 8- and 16-hour photoperiods to study the influence of photoperiod on cold acclimation and determine the potential level of hardiness that young vines attain. Vines were acclimated by reducing growth chamber temperature at 2-week intervals, beginning at 31/20C (16 hours/8 hours) and ending with 15/5C after 8 weeks. Vines receiving an 8-hour photoperiod were more cold hardy than vines receiving a 16-hour photoperiod after 4 weeks of acclimation as determined by electrolyte leakage from stem tissues. Moreover, vines receiving an 8-hour photoperiod survived freezing at – 9C at the end of the 8-week acclimation period, whereas those receiving a 16-hour photoperiod were killed at – 6C. Vine survival and electrolyte leakage of sterns were highly correlated (r = – 0.79 to – 0.90).
Selection for Resistance to Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) in Cabbage
Authors: Dickson M.H. , Shelton A.M. , Eigenbrode S.D. , Vamosy Margaret L. , Mora Marvin
Published: October 2019

Inbreds and hybrid cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) selected for resistance to diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.) were tested in the field in New York and Honduras for resistance. In New York, plants were inocrdated with up to 400 eggs per plant to enhance the severity of the tests. In Honduras, where natural populations of DBM were high, especially in the dry season, there were three distinct classes of susceptibility to DBM: the very susceptible controls or standard cultivars, the highly resistant glossy-leaved lines, and the intermediate selections with normal leaf bloom. Some normal-leaf hybrids were more resistant than either of their parents, which indicates the need to select for specific combining ability for high resistance levels. At maturity, the glossy-leaved hybrids produced marketable crops with: out aid of chemical sprays.
Astringency Removal and Ripening in Persimmons Treated with Ethanol and Ethylene
Authors: Kato Kiminori
Published: October 2019

Treating astringent persimmons (Diospyros kaki L.) with 3 to 5 nl C2H4/ml following the application of ethanol to reduce tannins decreased fruit firmness and increased color, producing high-quality fruits in a short period. The decrease in firmness was proportional to the period of exposure to ethylene. These effects of ethylene were less-marked in fruits with relatively poor color and at 30C rather than at 20C.
Flowering of Rhipsalidopsis rosea in Response to Temperature and Photoperiod
Authors: Boyle Thomas H.
Published: October 2019

Dwarf Easter cactus [Rhipsalidopsis rosea (Lagerheim) Britton and Rose] plants were subjected to temperature and photoperiod treatments to determine their influence on flowering. All plants exposed to 10C at night (NT) and natural daylengths (ND) during winter and spring for 4 or more weeks flowered, whereas some plants grown continuously under 18C NT and either long days [(LD) provided by incandescent irradiation] or ND failed to flower. Days to flowering and number of flower buds per plant increased linearly as the duration of exposure to 10C NT and ND increased from 4 to 16 weeks. The number of flower buds were greatest on plants receiving either continuous 10C NT or 12 to 16 weeks 10C NT, then 18C NT until flowering. Plants receiving 18C NT flowered earlier under LD than ND when treatments followed 4 or 8 weeks-of 10C NT and ND.
Developmental Specific Isozyme Expression in Peach
Authors: Mowrey Bruce D. , Werner Dennis J.
Published: October 2019

To determine the earliest developmental stage at which isozyme screening could be accomplished, 10 isozyme systems were examined in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] for differential expression during development. Differences in isozyme expression based on stage of development were detected in nine systems. The earliest stage for complete screening of most isozymes examined is in l-month-old seedlings. The significance of these results relative to genetic mapping is discussed.
Failure of Supplementary Ultraviolet Radiation to Enhance Flower Color under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Klein Richard M.
Published: October 2019

In order to determine whether the concentration of floral petal anthocyanin pigments could be increased, ultraviolet radiations in the UV-A and UV-B wavelength bands were presented to a variety of flowering plants to partly restore those wavelengths filtered out by greenhouse glass. In no tested plant did the supplementary ultraviolet radiation enhance floral anthocyanin content. Supplementary UV radiation has no economic value in greenhouse production of flowering plants.
Emergence, Growth, and Freezing Tolerance of Tomato Seedlings Grown from Uniconazole-treated Seed
Authors: Davis Tim D. , Ells James E. , Walser Ronald H.
Published: October 2019

Seeds of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC 82L were treated with hypertonic priming solutions containing KNO3 and K3PO4(10 g·liter-1 each), and various concentrations of uniconazole before sowing. Treatment of the seed with priming solution only hastened emergence by ≈ 2 days compared to untreated seed sown directly from the packet, but did not affect total emergence after 12 days. Addition of uniconazole to the priming solution had no significant effect on speed of emergence or total emergence after 12 days compared to the primed control. Seed priming plus uniconazole at 1 or 10 mg·liter-1 reduced seedling height after 2 weeks by ≈ 20% compared to the primed control. Uniconazole had no effect on the mortality of either hardened or nonhardened seedlings exposed to below-freezing temperatures for 3 hr. These data suggest that treatment of tomato seed with hypertonic solutions containing uniconazole would be of little practical value in protecting seedlings from freeze damage. Chemical names used: (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-yl)penten-3-ol (uniconazole).
Growth of `Bartlett' Pear Seedlings in Response to Number of Root-lesion Nematodes and Temperature
Authors: Townshend J.L.
Published: October 2019

The effects of temperature and root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] on the growth of newly germinated `Bartlett' pear seedlings (Pyrus communis L.) were examined. At five temperatures from 10 to 30C, P. penetrans (five per gram of soil) did not purple the leaves. After 8 weeks, leaf number, trunk height, and top and root weights were reduced only at 25C. The number of P. penetrans in the roots were greatest at 15 and 20C. At 20C, P. penetrans (16 per gram of soil) caused the leaves of seedlings to turn purple, and, by 6 weeks after treatment, the nematodes had reduced leaf production, trunk elongation, and top and root growth.