bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Ultraviolet Light for Surface Decontamination of Raw Chicken Carcasses
Authors: More Kajal D. , Waghamare Rupesh N. , Deshmukh Vivek V. , Londhe Sanjay V. , Khose Kakasaheb K.
Published: November 2022

Aim: Fresh chicken meat is especially susceptible to surface contamination. The researchers are looking into non-thermal and non-chemical preservation techniques for meat.  Therefore, the present study was planned to investigate the use of UV-C light for the decontamination of raw chicken carcasses at refrigeration temperature (0-4OC).

Study Design: The study was undertaken in two phases wherein, the first phase standardization of UV dose and later the comparative effect of selected UV light and sodium hypochlorite exposure on the shelf life of poultry carcasses (0-4OC) was carried out.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was performed in the Department of Veterinary Public Health, Poultry and Goat Processing Unit, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani (MH) India, from October 2021 to April 2022.

Methodology: We performed the microbial, physicochemical, and sensory (odour) evaluation of the chicken carcasses during storage up to 72 hrs. Amongst various UV doses with different exposure times and distances tested, UV-C light exposure generated 233.86, 103.93, 207.87, and 415.75 mJ/cm2 energy for various groups.

Results: A microbial analysis in a standardization study revealed that a significantly (p<0.05) lower total viable count was observed in UV (415.75 mJ/cm2) group. Similarly, counts of Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli were significantly (p<0.05) lower in UV-C light (207.87 mJ/cm2 and 415.75 mJ/cm2) groups. The shelf-life analysis indicated that UV-C light (415.75 mJ/cm2) and sodium hypochlorite (50 ppm) were equally effective in reducing the microflora of carcasses. The pH and TBA values of both treatment groups did not differ significantly but an increasing trend was recorded for peroxide and tyrosine values throughout the storage period.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that UV-C light technology may be applied for surface decontamination of raw chicken carcasses.
An Innovation Surcharge to Fund the Repurposing of Generic Drugs
Authors: Robinson James C.
Published: November 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the market for generic drugs and an innovation surcharge that would be awarded to public entities, such as the National Institutes of Health, and its newly formed Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health, to fund research for the repurposing of generic drugs.
Peritoneal Fluid Analysis in Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis
Authors: Perl Jeffrey , Harel Ziv , Nessim Sharon J.
Published: November 2022

A 62-year-old woman undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) presented to the clinic with severe abdominal pain and cloudy PD fluid. Seven days prior, she inadvertently broke aseptic technique when tightening a leaking connection of her PD catheter tubing. Cloudy fluid that was drained from her PD catheter was sent for laboratory analysis. What would you do next?
Perspectives of Emergency Clinicians About Medical Errors Resulting in Patient Harm or Malpractice Litigation
Authors: Ostrovsky Daniel , Novack Victor , Smulowitz Peter B. , Burke Ryan C. , Landon Bruce E. , Isbell Linda M.
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study analyzes responses to a survey about medical error outcomes completed by emergency department attending physicians and advanced practice clinicians.
COMFORT Palliative Care Curriculum
Authors: Platt Christine
Published: November 2022

Although quality, patient‐centered care has been identified as necessary to the delivery of palliative care, most palliative care communication guidelines are grounded in medicine and lack a theoretical foundation or evidence base. Based on over a decade of palliative care research by its founders, the COMFORT model is the first theoretically grounded, evidence‐based curriculum uniquely designed for teaching palliative care communication through incorporating communication theory into clinical research. Patient‐centered, COMFORT is theoretically grounded in the narrative medicine movement and health literacy. The acronym COMFORT represents the seven principles of palliative care communication: C – Connect, O – Options, M – Making Meaning, F – Family Caregivers, O – Openings, R – Relating, and T – Team. The COMFORT Project has taught the COMFORT model curriculum to over 10,000 healthcare professionals globally. By providing palliative care communication tools, resources and curriculum, the COMFORT Project serves healthcare providers, patients, families, community health providers, health literacy professionals, and health communication scholars.
Celebrity Influence
Authors: Francis Diane B. , Adams Madison
Published: November 2022

Celebrity influence is the ability of a prominent person or public figure to impact a noncelebrity's beliefs and behaviors. Two areas of celebrity influence within health communication are health disclosures and celebrity‐based appeals. Celebrity health disclosures are public disclosures of a celebrity's illness or death. Celebrity appeals are messages that feature a celebrity to advocate for a health issue or behavior. No singular theory explains celebrity influence. Nevertheless, several theoretical concepts are associated with celebrity influence.
Message Design: Figurative Language
Authors: Burgers Christian
Published: November 2022

Figurative language is a form of non‐literal language that consists of two subtypes: (i) schemes like alliteration and rhyme that focus on excessive regularity and (ii) tropes like metaphor and irony which emphasize irregularity. In the classical perspective, figurative language was mainly seen as an ornamental packaging cue, by presenting a literal statement in a more attention‐grabbing way. The contemporary perspective on figuration acknowledges that rhetorical devices like metaphor, hyperbole, and irony can also contain conceptual content and serve as frames. Such figurative frames can serve various communicative goals, including sensemaking and behavior change. In terms of sensemaking, figurative frames can make complex and abstract health issues more concrete and easier to understand. This can occur in a variety of settings, such as health campaigns, illness narratives, and health policies. Figurative frames can be used for sensemaking in empowering and disempowering ways. In the latter case, figurative frames may be explicitly resisted or actively reframed. In health campaigns, figurative language can be used for behavior change. In such cases, the figurative devices are often novel and creative, and present recipients with a small puzzle to solve. Solving this puzzle can generate positive feelings, which can transfer to the campaign message. In some cases, using figuration in health campaigns can backfire, for instance when recipients do not understand or incorrectly interpret the figurative message. Figurative language thus has an important potential in health communication, but this message strategy can also lead to resistance and unintended consequences.
Intersectionality (Gender)
Authors: Francis Diane B. , Adams Madison
Published: November 2022

Intersectionality is a critical theoretical framework for understanding how overlapping systems of power and oppression at the societal level interact with identity dimensions at the individual level further to disadvantage people from historically and socially marginalized groups. Today, intersectionality has moved beyond its roots in legal theory and analysis and is becoming a critical framework to understand and address global health inequities. Many health communication scholars conduct research with populations with intersecting social identities. Yet, health communication studies that reflect intersectionality in their theoretical frameworks, design, or interpretations are rare. While there are theoretical and methodological challenges to an intersectional approach to health communication, the advantages of intersectionality for health communication theory, research, and practice on research abound.
Stress, Appraisal, and Coping Theory
Authors: Wolf Bianca M. , Fisher Carla L.
Published: November 2022

The theoretical contributions of Lazarus and Folkman have been foundational in the stress, appraisal, and coping scholarship for many decades. This entry provides a brief overview of their transactional theory which highlights the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes that individuals experience when faced with stimuli that are appraised as stressful and potentially harmful to one's well‐being. The theory brings to the forefront how this appraisal informs one's response to the stimuli. Gaps and critiques of the transactional theory are noted and a brief review of subsequent research addressing these theoretical constructs, including later work from Folkman and others advancing this theoretical foundation, is also offered. This includes highlighting current trends in the consideration of both positivity and negativity associated with stress and appraisals, future‐oriented proactive or health preventative behaviors, as well as relationally enacted coping processes. Relational and family scholars have emphasized the ways that stress, appraisal, and coping are enacted as joint ventures in collective and communal contexts and have further suggested that communal coping in and of itself is health promoting. Suggestions for future research are offered, including continued development and delineation among psychological, behavioral, and communicative conceptualizations and measurements of stress, appraisal, and coping.
Communication Skills Education for Medical Students
Authors: Longtin Krista , Imhausen‐Slaughter Darla
Published: November 2022

Teaching communication skills to medical students is a critical component of medical education, since it is through discourse that care is often provided to patients. Advancements in communication skills training in the early 2000s added a theoretical basis and framework to these important education tasks. Communication skills education is usually required by accrediting bodies and includes both communication behaviors and goals for medical students. Medical educators have struggled to effectively assess students' communication skills since the assessment of these skills can be seen as subjective and situational. Recent developments in communication skills education for medical students have included incorporating more technology and other disciplines within the field.
Models of Clinician–Patient Communication
Authors: Sparks Lisa
Published: November 2022

The clinician and patient relationship has experienced significant transformations over the past several decades, from the clinician‐centered models associated with the biomedical model of medicine to the mutual shared decision‐making models embraced in more recent years. Models serve as a framework to get the conversation started and to be mindful of various approaches to clinician and patient interaction and how these approaches can impact decision making and health outcomes. Modern common model characteristics focus on empowering patients to take a more active role in managing their own conditions, while tailoring health services based on individual and family needs and desired outcomes. Clinician utilization of the more recent patient‐centered models continues to make a difference in patients' lives; however, the challenge will be to continue to close the gap between what is known and delivering the type of care that patients and families need and want in everyday interaction and during times of crisis as experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Managed Care
Authors: Lammers John C. , Bryan Ann L.
Published: November 2022

“Managed care” refers to systems for delivering medical care that attempt to control costs and improve quality by monitoring how clinicians treat illnesses, limiting referrals to specialists, and requiring payors' authorization prior to hospitalization and other specialized treatments. These systems have grown since the 1960s, when the US federal government launched the Medicaid and Medicare programs. The term may be considered a rhetorical ideograph, for it describes an ideology of healthcare organization, operating as a slogan as much as a descriptor. Commonly recognized organizational forms associated with managed care include health maintenance organization, preferred provider organizations, and accountable care organizations. Health and organizational communication researchers have studied how managed care changed the ways that clinicians worked together and communicated with each other. Researchers have also documented how managed care organizations have come to dominate the healthcare landscape of the United States while failing to limit cost increases, compared to other countries. Both clinicians and nurses have expressed various degrees of dissatisfaction with working under managed care rules. Managed care has not facilitated access to care by members of lower socioeconomic groups. The entry discusses future directions for research.
Patient Experience
Authors: Cooley Laura , Lewis Barbara , Harville Katherine
Published: November 2022

Patient experience has been a topic of conversation within both the medical field as well as the field of health communication for years. Current research highlights the link between patient satisfaction and improved health outcomes. As a result, many measures of patient satisfaction have been implemented in healthcare settings. Despite this prioritization of patient satisfaction, there has been a lack of concrete definition regarding what makes up the patient experience. Providing a tangible definition of patient experience allows for clinicians and academics alike to better understand the multifaceted nature of one's interaction with the healthcare system and, consequently, provides the opportunity for improvement of multiple areas of care.
Framing: Emphasis
Authors: Froehle Craig M. , Laker Lauren F.
Published: November 2022

Framing is a powerful and ubiquitous communication phenomenon that fundamentally shapes how we interpret and convey information. This entry focuses on emphasis framing, which occurs when the decision‐maker's focus is directed to a specific aspect or component of the information being exchanged. It functions differently than equivalence framing, a related phenomenon. Research on emphasis framing originated outside the context of healthcare, but work has been done to examine how it can affect the interpretation of clinical care documentation, treatment efficacy and risk information, performance reports, and other situations common in healthcare. While the role of emphasis framing in healthcare communication has been investigated to some extent, more work is needed to fully understand its influence in and potential for shaping communication between and among clinicians and patients.
Social Media: Other Platforms (TikTok, Etc.)
Authors: Guidry Jeanine P. D.
Published: November 2022

Newer, visually focused social media platforms – including Pinterest, Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok – are increasingly used in health communication. These platforms are of specific significance considering the role visuals play in communication: when a message consists of a visual, it is more likely to be remembered, remembered correctly, and understood than messages consisting of text alone. These newer, visual platforms carry with them many of the same advantages and concerns more established platforms such as Facebook and Twitter do. In health communication, they allow for broader and faster dissemination of health‐related information, as well as for the providing and receiving of social support. The spread of health misinformation is unfortunately also of great concern on these platforms, and while many platforms are taking action to mitigate this phenomenon, it so far has only been partially effective.
Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior
Authors: Yzer Marco
Published: November 2022

Theories in the reasoned action tradition, that is, the theory of reasoned action, the theory of planned behavior, the integrative model of behavioral prediction, and its latest version, the reasoned action approach to explaining and changing behavior, identify a small set of variables that together offer a good explanation of any given behavior. According to the theory, behavior ultimately is a function of highly specific beliefs that people have about the behavior. These beliefs about the behavior form the basis of more general attitudinal, normative, and control perceptions, which in turn shape people's intention to engage in the behavior. People act on their intentions when they have the skills needed to perform the behavior and when factors in people's environment facilitate rather than hinder behavioral performance. The theory is a tool for identifying which of a potentially large set of beliefs have the strongest impact on whether people will or will not perform a behavior. This smaller set of beliefs is the basis for interventions, based on the notion that a positive change in beliefs that shape behavior is most likely to produce a change in intention and behavior. Despite the theory's significant potential for illuminating belief‐based processes that underlie communication effects on behavior change, only very few reasoned action and planned behavior studies in health communication measure beliefs and/or behavior. Instead, research in health communication predominantly examines only the attitudinal, normative, control, and intention variables that mediate effects of communication‐induced beliefs on behavior.
Health Campaigns: Unintended Effects
Authors: Li Wenbo , Cho Hyunyi
Published: November 2022

This entry describes Cho and Salmon's conceptualization, typology, and dimensions of unintended effects of health communication campaigns. According to Cho and Salmon, the unintended effects take on five dimensions comprising time, audiences, specificity, valence, and levels, and encompass at least 11 different types including obfuscation, dissonance, boomerang, culpability, social reproduction, and system activation. Understanding these unintended effects is integral to improving the future design of campaigns. Building on Cho and Salmon, this entry discusses potential causes of unintended effects including errors in designing and implementing the campaigns and the complexity of contexts. It then suggests ways to prevent unintended effects, including campaign theory development, system thinking in all stages of campaigns, and building transdisciplinary knowledge bases.
Multimodality
Authors: Hansen Solveig L. , Pfurtscheller Daniel
Published: November 2022

Multimodality is the key term denoting that two or more modes are combined for communicative aims. Contributions to multimodal theory have come from gestalt theory, perception research, social semiotics, linguistics, and media research. The current state of research assumes that multimodality constitutes our natural state of face‐to‐face communication and thus is also a universal feature of mediated communication. Given the ubiquity of multimodality nowadays in interpersonal and public communication related to health and illness, these issues become increasingly important also for the study of health communication. Since various modes (images in particular but also sound and gesture) are an influential means of shaping health‐related attitudes and behavior, the analytic perspective offered by multimodal approaches is relevant for health communication on a theoretical, methodological, and practical level. In many cases, this involves a shift from exclusively language‐centered approaches to a holistic view of the creation, use, and distribution of semiotic resources. For this holistic view, health communication needs interdisciplinary exchange.
Health Disparities: Latinx
Authors: Hernández Leandra H.
Published: November 2022

This entry explores Latinx health disparities through the lens of Hispanic/Latina/o/x/e identity terms, culture‐based research, and health communication interventions. This entry highlights the necessity of culturally competent and community‐based health communication interventions to include Latinx populations in the eradication of health disparities.
Global South
Authors: Dutta Mohan J.
Published: November 2022

This entry outlines the features of health communication in the Global South. It outlines the health inequalities and burdens of dispossession that form the architectures of health in the Global South. The concepts of colonization, cognitive epistemicide, community‐led knowledge, and alternative rationality of health are explored.
Sexual Health and Risk Education
Authors: Adebayo Comfort Tosin , Ambrose Oluwaseyi Esther
Published: November 2022

Sexual health and risk education has historically focused on gathering knowledge on practicing safe sexual behaviors, devoid of risks such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unplanned pregnancy. Recent research on sexual health education extends the conversation beyond risky sexual behaviors to include skills for having pleasurable and aesthetic sexual experience. Public schools have functioned as the primary platforms where adolescents and children get information about sexual health. However, despite the inclusion of sexual health and risk education in the public school curriculum, STIs are still on a steady increase across the world. Communication scholars have begun to explore other ways that individuals get informed about healthy sexual behaviors and practices. These include sexual health and risk education through public health campaigns (mass media), storytelling, information on the Internet and social media, and parental communication.
Academic Organizations: HEC – IAMCR
Authors: Gavaravarapu SubbaRao M.
Published: November 2022

The International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) is a worldwide professional organization in the field of media and communication research, whose members promote global inclusiveness and excellence within the best traditions of critical scholarship in the field. It particularly encourages the participation of emerging scholars, women, and those from economically disadvantaged regions. IAMCR has 15 thematic sections and 18 working groups. The Health Communication (HEC) Working Group is one of them and aims to provide a forum for critical thinking on health communication research as well as knowledge translation from praxis‐related interpretative health communication. The HEC Working Group formed in the year 2019 after the merger of the preexisting Health Communication and Change Working Group and HIV/AIDS and Communication (HAC) working groups during the IAMCR Conference in June 2018. It endeavors to create a network of researchers who share knowledge, ideas, methodologies, and research outcomes as well as develop international collaborative projects in the health communication space.
Psychosocial Determinants of Health Information Seeking Behavior
Authors: te Poel Fam , Tanis Martin
Published: November 2022

Health information seeking behavior (HISB) concerns all the actions that individuals undertake to obtain information about their or others' health, with the goal to fulfill an information need. Several models exist that describe factors affecting HISB, for example the comprehensive model of information seeking, the planned risk information seeking model, and the integrative model of eHealth use. Based on these models it can be stated that whether a person pursues HISB to fulfill an information need is partly determined by a range of psychosocial factors. Various psychosocial determinants are described, focusing on cognitive factors, personality characteristics, demographics, and situational factors. Even though meta‐analytic studies have shown small to moderate effect sizes, psychosocial factors are found to be robust determinants of HISB. Understanding relations between psychosocial factors and HISB is important because HISB is positively related to health outcomes such as more engagement in preventive health behaviors and greater treatment compliance.
Dosimetric evaluation of the feasibility of utilizing a reduced number of interstitial needles in combined intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Jahan Dishary , Ahmad Salahuddin , Thompson Spencer , Schnell Erich
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the ability of the Venezia advanced multichannel tandem and ring applicator to consistently produce dosimetrically comparable plans utilizing a reduced number of needle channels, to reduce the risk of secondary complications when boosting cervical cancer treatments with high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy.

Methods

We evaluated 26 fractions from 13 patients who were treated with HDR brachytherapy using the Venezia (Elekta) applicator. The original plans included a full load of 12–16 needles, including both parallel and 30‐degree oblique needles. We replanned each original to nine new configurations, with a reduced number of two, three, four, or six needles. Comparisons included differences in percentage dose coverage to 90% of the high‐risk clinical target volume, and percentage dose to 2 cm3 of the bladder, rectum, sigmoid, and bowel. We considered new plans “passing” if they remained within our standards (D90 > 100%; D2 cm3 < 85% bladder, <65% rectum, sigmoid, bowel) or did not perform worse than original.

Results

Removing only the two most anterior or the two most posterior needles from both sides showed 80.8% and 61.5% overall passing rate. Removal of the most anterior and posterior four needles together showed 65.4% overall passing rate. Removing all oblique needles showed 19.2% overall passing rate. Removing only left‐sided or only right‐sided oblique needles showed 46.2% and 23.1% overall passing, respectively. Removing only right‐sided or only left‐sided parallel needles separately showed 19.2% and 34.6% overall passing, respectively. Removing all parallel needles showed 11.5% overall passing rate.

Conclusions

As only two replans required a full needle load to maintain dosimetric quality and 40 (76.9%), 36 (34.6%), 18 (69.2%), and 10 (19.2%) replans passed with 2, 3, 4, and 6 needles removed respectively, this indicates the potential for using a lesser number of interstitial needles during combined intracavitary and interstitial HDR brachytherapy while maintaining dosimetric quality.
A Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Models Mass Dormancy in Brain Metastatic Breast Cancer Spheroids
Authors: Kondapaneni Raghu Vamsi , Shevde Lalita A. , Rao Shreyas S.
Published: November 2022

Approximately 90% of breast cancer related mortalities are due to metastasis to distant organs. At the metastatic sites, cancer cells are capable of evading death by exhibiting cellular or mass dormancy. However, the mechanisms involved in attaining dormancy at the metastatic site are not well understood. This is partly due to the lack of experimental models to study metastatic site‐specific interactions, particularly in the context of brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC). Herein, an in vitro hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel‐based model is developed to study mass dormancy in BMBC. HA hydrogels with a stiffness of ≈0.4 kPa are utilized to mimic the brain extracellular matrix. MDA‐MB‐231Br or BT474Br3 BMBC spheroids are prepared and cultured on top of HA hydrogels or in suspension for 7 days. HA hydrogel induced a near mass dormant state in spheroids by achieving a balance between proliferating and dead cells. In contrast, these spheroids displayed growth in suspension cultures. The ratio of %p‐ERK to %p‐p38 positive cells is significantly lower in HA hydrogels compared to suspension cultures. Further, it is demonstrated that hydrogel induced mass dormant state is reversible. Overall, such models provide useful tools to study dormancy in BMBC and could be employed for drug screening.
Design Strategies toward High‐Performance Hybrid Carbon Bilayer Anode for Improved Ion Transport and Reaction Stability
Authors: Kim Myoung‐Ho , Oh Minsub , So Hye‐Mi , Hatsey Niguss Haregot , Lee Hoo‐Jeong , Hyun Seungmin
Published: November 2022

Compositing carbon‐based materials with different properties can significantly improve the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries for applications that require high power, such as electric vehicles, owing to their effective current distribution. Nevertheless, the chemical reaction is not uniform throughout the entire depth of conventionally blended electrodes. This study proposes a hybrid patterned bilayer anode that comprises a blended layer of spherical crystalline graphite (SCG) and soft carbon and a single layer of SCG alone, which maintains a stable ionic reaction at the electrode surface and improves ion transport. This bilayer anode has a smaller, more uniform solid electrolyte interphase layer that is more evenly distributed throughout the electrode compared with the blended electrode. The electrode pattern interfaces, which are optimized by controlling the pattern size, ensure excellent mechanical adhesion and low internal resistance. Consequently, the patterned bilayer half‐cell achieves a high‐capacity retention of 85.9% after 500 charge–discharge cycles at 1 C. The full cell also attains an energy density of 178.7 Wh kg−1 with fast discharging at 10 C, which is 2.3 times higher than that of the single‐layer SCG electrode.
Invasion and Secondary Site Colonization as a Function of In Vitro Primary Tumor Matrix Stiffness: Breast to Bone Metastasis
Authors: Shah Lekha , Latif Ayşe , Williams Kaye J. , Mancuso Elena , Tirella Annalisa
Published: November 2022

Increased breast tissue stiffness is correlated with breast cancer risk and invasive cancer progression. However, its role in promoting bone metastasis, a major cause of mortality, is not yet understood. It is previously identified that the composition and stiffness of alginate‐based hydrogels mimicking normal (1–2 kPa) and cancerous (6–10 kPa) breast tissue govern phenotype of breast cancer cells (including MDA‐MB‐231) in vitro. Here, to understand the causal effect of primary tumor stiffness on metastatic potential, a new breast‐to‐bone in vitro model is described. Together with alginate‐gelatin hydrogels to mimic breast tissue, 3D printed biohybrid poly‐caprolactone (PCL)‐composite scaffolds, decellularized following bone‐ECM deposition through Saos‐2 engraftment, are used to mimic the bone tissue. It is reported that higher hydrogel stiffness results in the increased migration and invasion capacity of MDA‐MB 231 cells. Interestingly, increased expression of osteolytic factors PTHrP and IL‐6 is observed when MDA‐MB‐231 cells pre‐conditioned in stiffer hydrogels (10 kPa, 3% w/v gelatin) colonize the bone/PCL scaffolds. The new breast‐to‐bone in vitro models herein described are designed with relevant tissue microenvironmental factors and could emerge as future non‐animal technological platforms for monitoring metastatic processes and therapeutic efficacy.
Selective Formation of Osteogenic and Vasculogenic Tissues for Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Liu Zeyang , Nan Haochen , Chiou Yi Shiou , Zhan Zhen , Lobie Peter E. , Hu Chengzhi
Published: November 2022

Tissue‐engineered periosteum substitutes (TEPSs) incorporating hierarchical architecture with osteoprogenitor and vascular niches are drawing much attention as a promising tool to support functional cells in defined zones and nourish the cortical bone. Current TEPSs usually lack technologies to closely observe cell performance, especially at the cell contact interface between distinct compartments containing defined biological configurations and functions. Here, an electrodeposition strategy is reported, which enables the selective formation of TEPSs with osteoprogenitor and vascular niches in a multiphasic scaffold in combination with different human cell types for cartilage regeneration in an in vivo osteochondral defect model. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are used to mirror both the vascular and osteogenic niches, respectively. It is observed that the intrinsic viscoelastic nature of the porous solid matrix is essential to successfully induce angiogenesis. Coculture of hMSCs with functional cells (HUVECs/HDFs) in TEPSs also effectively promoted periosteal regeneration, including osteogenic and angiogenic processes. The osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology assessment and histologic/histochemical grading system data indicate that the TEPSs containing hMSCs/HUVECs/HDFs exhibit superior potential for cartilage regeneration.
ECRAM Materials, Devices, Circuits and Architectures: A Perspective
Authors: Talin A. Alec , Li Yiyang , Robinson Donald A. , Fuller Elliot J. , Kumar Suhas
Published: November 2022

Non‐von‐Neumann computing using neuromorphic systems based on two‐terminal resistive nonvolatile memory elements has emerged as a promising approach, but its full potential has not been realized due to the lack of materials and devices with the appropriate attributes. Unlike memristors, which require large write currents to drive phase transformations or filament growth, electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM) decouples the “write” and “read” operations using a “gate” electrode to tune the conductance state through charge‐transfer reactions, and every electron transferred through the external circuit in ECRAM corresponds to the migration of ≈1 ion used to store analogue information. Like static dopants in traditional semiconductors, electrochemically inserted ions modulate the conductivity by locally perturbing a host's electronic structure; however, ECRAM does so in a dynamic and reversible manner. The resulting change in conductance can span orders of magnitude, from gradual increments needed for analog elements, to large, abrupt changes for dynamically reconfigurable adaptive architectures. In this in‐depth perspective, the history of ECRAM, the recent progress in devices spanning organic, inorganic, and 2D materials, circuits, architectures, the rich portfolio of challenging, fundamental questions, and how ECRAM can be harnessed to realize a new paradigm for low‐power neuromorphic computing are discussed.
Ultralong Lifetime of Plasmon‐Excited Electrons Realized in Nonepitaxial/Epitaxial Au@CdS/CsPbBr3 Triple‐Heteronanocrystals
Authors: Wan Xiaodong , Pan Yue , Xu Yanjun , Liu Jia , Chen Hailong , Pan Rongrong , Zhao Yizhou , Su Peiwu , Li Yuemei , Zhang Xiuming , Zhang Shuping , Li Hongbo , Su Dong , Weng Yuxiang , Zhang Jiatao
Published: November 2022

Combination of the strong light‐absorbing power of plasmonic metals with the superior charge carrier dynamics of halide perovskites is appealing for bio‐inspired solar‐energy conversion due to the potential to acquire long‐lived plasmon‐induced hot electrons. However, the direct coupling of these two materials, with Au/CsPbBr3 heteronanocrystals (HNCs) as a prototype, results in severe suppression of plasmon resonances. The present work shows that interfacial engineering is a key knob for overcoming this impediment, based on the creation of a CdS mediate layer between Au and CsPbBr3 forming atomically organized Au‐CdS and CdS‐CsPbBr3 interfaces by nonepitaxial/epitaxial combined strategy. Transient spectroscopy studies demonstrate that the resulting Au@CdS/CsPbBr3 HNCs generate remarkably long‐lived plasmon‐induced charge carriers with lifetime up to nanosecond timescale, which is several orders of magnitude longer than those reported for colloidal plasmonic metal‐semiconductor systems. Such long‐lived carriers extracted from plasmonic antennas enable to drive CO2 photoreduction with efficiency outperforming previously reported CsPbBr3‐based photocatalysts. The findings disclose a new paradigm for achieving much elongated time windows to harness the substantial energy of transient plasmons through realization of synergistic coupling of plasmonic metals and halide perovskites.
Synergistic Effect of Cation Composition Engineering of Hybrid Cs1−xFAxPbBr3 Nanocrystals for Self‐Healing Electronics Application
Authors: Liang Fang‐Cheng , Jhuang Fu‐Cheng , Fang Yu‐Han , Benas Jean‐Sebastien , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Yan Zhen‐Li , Lin Wei‐Chun , Su Chun‐Jen , Sato Yuki , Chiba Takayuki , Kido Junji , Kuo Chi‐Ching
Published: November 2022

Mixed‐cation hybrid perovskite nanocrystal (HPNC) with high crystallinity, color purity, and tunable optical bandgap offers a practical pathway toward next‐generation displays. Herein, a two‐step modified hot‐injection combined with cation compositional engineering and surface treatment to synthesize high‐purity cesium/formamidinium lead bromide HPNCs(Cs1‐xFAxPbBr3) is presented. The optimized Cs0.5FA0.5PbBr3 light‐emitting devices (LEDs) exhibit uniform luminescence of 3500 cd m−2 and a prominent current efficiency of 21.5 cd A−1. As a proof of concept, a self‐healing polymer (SHP) integrated with white LED backlight and laser prototypes exhibited 4 h autonomous self‐healing through the synergistic effect of weak reversible imine bonds and stronger H‐bonds. First, the SHP‐HPNCs‐initial and SHP‐HPNCs‐cut possess high long‐term stability and dramatically suppressed lead leakage as low as 0.6 ppm along with a low leakage rate of 1.11 × 10−5 cm2 and 3.36 × 10−5 cm2 even over 6 months in water. Second, the Cs0.5FA0.5PbBr3 HPNCs and SHP‐induced shattered–repaired perovskite glass substrate show the lowest lasing threshold values of 1.24 and 8.58 µJ cm−2, respectively. This work provides an integrative and in‐depth approach to exploiting SHP with intrinsic and entropic self‐healing capabilities combined with HPNCs to develop robust and reliable soft‐electronic backlight and laser applications.
Metahouse: Noise‐Insulating Chamber Based on Periodic Structures
Authors: Krasikova Mariia , Krasikov Sergey , Melnikov Anton , Baloshin Yuri , Marburg Steffen , Powell David A. , Bogdanov Andrey
Published: November 2022

Noise pollution remains a challenging problem requiring the development of novel systems for noise insulation. Extensive work in the field of acoustic metamaterials has led to various ventilated structures which, however, are usually demonstrated for rather narrow regions of the audible spectrum. In this work, the idea of metamaterial‐based systems is further extended, developing the concept of a metahouse chamber representing a ventilated structure for multiple band noise insulation. Broad stop‐bands originate from strong coupling between pairs of Helmholtz resonators constituting the structure. The averaged transmission −18.6 dB are demonstrated numerically and experimentally within the spectral range from 1500 to 16 500 Hz. The sparseness of the structure together with the possibility to use optically transparent materials suggest that the chamber may be also characterized by partial optical transparency depending on the mutual position of structural elements. The obtained results are promising for development of novel noise‐insulating structures advancing urban science.
Self‐Organizing Pixelated Cs4PbBr6 Scintillator Plate for Large‐Area, Ultra‐Flexible, High Spatial Resolution and Stable X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Peng Guoqiang , An Baoyi , Chen Huanyu , Li Zhizai , Xu Youkui , Wang Qian , Wang Tao , Wang Haoxu , Ding Liming , Jin Zhiwen
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, high performance (stability, spatial resolution, and optical yield) and multi‐functional application (low‐cost, large‐area, and flexible) are urgently needed for X‐ray detectors in national defense and medical treatment et al. Herein, self‐organizing pixelated zero‐dimensional metal halide Cs4PbBr6 based micro‐disks for low‐cost (0.0238 $ cm−2, 1/37 of CsI(Tl)), large‐area and ultra‐flexible scintillator plates are designed, prepared and applied. The theoretical model describes that the micro‐disks‐based structure being separated from others by air can reduce the transverse optical diffusion within the scintillator, especially when the optical boundary of “pixel” surface is changed by metal coating. Meanwhile, such structure also inhibits the stress generation in the crystal when bent. Further characterization points out that the fabricated scintillator plate possesses high spatial resolution (≈15.9 lp mm−1) and light yield (≈19000 ph Me V−1). Especially, the device shows excellent stability and almost no deterioration of spatial resolution after aging in various extreme environments and in extreme bending tests (folding, keeping bending for a long time). Finally, the good suitability to couple with various photoelectric devices and successful imaging demonstrations of nondestructive measurement are exhibited. It is believed that these findings provide a low‐cost and flexible scintillator preparation scheme and demonstrate a pre‐eminent design paradigm.
Interlayer‐Engineering and Surface‐Substituting Manganese‐Based Self‐Evolution for High‐Performance Potassium Cathode
Authors: Caixiang Zhuoma , Hao Jiaxin , Zhou Jiang , Yu Xinzhi , Lu Bingan
Published: November 2022

Manganese‐based layered oxides cathodes have attracted enormous interest due to their advantages in cost and energy density. The significant challenges of Mn‐based layered oxides for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are complex phase transition and Mn dissolution upon K+intercalation/deintercalation. Here, a P3‐type K0.45Rb0.05Mn0.85Mg0.15O2(KRMMO) cathode material is proposed to address the above challenges. The results show that rubidium acts as a pillar to expand interlayer spacing and stabilize the structure, while magnesium partially replaces Mn to suppress the Jahn–Teller distortion of the Mn3+. The KRMMO cathode exhibits high capacity of 108.0 and 77.3 mAh g−1at 20 and 500 mA g−1, respectively, and retains 98.2% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles. Compared with P3‐K0.5MnO2, the capacity fading of P3‐KRMMO is effectively suppressed, which is mainly due to the synergistic contribution of Rb and Mg ions in the alleviation of volume change and suppression of phase transition. This work may open a new avenue for the design and optimization of layered cathode materials for PIBs and beyond.
How do emergency medicine applicants evaluate residency programs in the post–COVID‐19 era?
Authors: Mackey Cassandra , Feldman Jacob , Peng Cynthia , Way David P. , Messman Anne
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Pandemic disruptions to interviews and away rotations led applicants to rely on alternative sources of information about residency programs. We sought to compare program characteristics important to emergency medicine (EM)‐bound applicants from before and after the pandemic. We also investigated the sources of information pandemic impacted applicants used during residency recruitment.

Methods

This was a multi‐institutional, cross‐sectional survey of applicants to EM residency programs. We asked applicants about important factors in choosing a program and compared their response to results from 2019 National Residency Match Program. We also asked about alternative information sources used during this time of restricted access to programs of interest.

Results

We surveyed 414 applicants from 40 medical schools and attained a response rate of 38.4%. Compared to 2019 applicants, our respondents identified morale of residents and quality of faculty as important factors in choosing a residency. Our subjects cited websites of the program and hospital affiliate, current residents, faculty/mentor advice, Reddit, and Doximity as sources of program information.

Conclusions

Compared to 2019, our EM‐bound applicants who, because of the pandemic, were unable to visit programs of interest valued resident morale and faculty quality as factors in choosing a residency program. Without in‐person visits, our subjects also had to use both virtual resources (e.g., websites) and traditional sources (e.g., mentor advice) to investigate a program's culture, reputation, and diversity and inclusion. Residency programs should monitor their online presence now that this has become an alternative source of information for applicants during curtailment of in‐person visits.
Adaptive 3D Printing for In Situ Adjustment of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lee Wonchul , Fritsch Joshua , Maqsood Ahmed , Liu Shawn , Bourassa Tomas , Calara Ron , Kim Woo Soo
Published: November 2022

It is shown that naturally occurring under‐extrusion results in mechanically weak prints while over‐extrusion causes excess use of material with little strength gain. Herein, a deep‐learning‐based computer vision system to correct under‐ and over‐extrusion issues commonly found in 3D printing technology such as the fused deposition modeling (FDM) is developed. The adaptive correction system is created to acquire recurring images of print‐in‐progress, allowing pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) models to classify the printing condition. Then the classification data allow the adaptive system to make subsequent changes of printing parameters in a simple feedback loop to correct printing extrusion in an average of four to eight printed layers. The result shows that the system can improve the strength consistency of the prints by reducing yield strength variance by a factor of six through in situ correction. This system strengthens weaker prints by up to 200% and can save up to 40% material amount in extreme over‐extruded cases. In the future, the deep‐learning approach demonstrated in this design can be expanded to correct different parameters and its corresponding defects in the other 3D printing technologies with the same methods.
Ferroelastic Domain Walls in BiFeO3as Memristive Networks
Authors: Rieck Jan L. , Cipollini Davide , Salverda Mart , Quinteros Cynthia P. , Schomaker Lambert R. B. , Noheda Beatriz
Published: November 2022

Electronic conduction along individual domain walls (DWs) is reported in BiFeO3(BFO) and other nominally insulating ferroelectrics. DWs in these materials separate regions of differently oriented electrical polarization (domains) and are just a few atoms wide, providing self‐assembled nanometric conduction paths. Herein, it is shown that electronic transport is possible also from wall‐to‐wall through the dense network of as‐grown DWs in BFO thin films. Electric field cycling at different points of the network, performed locally by conducting atomic force microscopy (cAFM), induces resistive switching selectively at the DWs, both for vertical (single wall) and lateral (wall‐to‐wall) conduction. These findings are the first step toward investigating DWs as memristive networks for information processing andin-materiocomputing.