bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CAPital Letter: Balzac's Le Colonel Chabert and the Names of a Rose
Authors: Lastinger Michael
Published: February 2007

This article examines sounds, names, and the writing of them in Le
Colonel Chabert in order to uncover a subtext of primitive nightmare
and fairy tale. The primary phonic clues are condensed into the names
of the two central characters, Colonel Chabert and Rose Chapotel, and
they echo the roots /kab/ and / ap/ found in words evoking the horse and
the head. These phonemes and sememes point beyond the verbal narrative
to the bodily relation of the protagonists to their most intimate fears
and desires, and ultimately to the triumph of feminine desire over the
laws/loss of the father. (ML)
Hand Writing: Dismembering and Re-Membering in Nodier, Nerval and Maupassant
Authors: Hiner Susan
Published: February 2007

French literary history is haunted by the specter of the Revolution, and nowhere more tellingly than in fantastic fiction. This article argues that the repeated appropriation of the severed hand refers to a cultural memory, the Terror, and produces a particularly French poetics of the fantastic grounded in the terror that is ignited by the surfacing of a repressed memory. Through the metaphor of the severed hand, French fantastic fiction reproduces in textual fragments an unspeakable past and embodies the repressed memory of violence and terror. The recurring sign of the severed hand suggests an obsession, however unconscious, with a historical moment of terror, which, in spite of the horror it may have inspired, also produced as a by-product a new freedom from literary verisimilitude and a new literary fashion for the supernatural text. (SH)
L'Enfant libertine: Pouvoir discursif et volonte narrative dans Lamiel de Stendhal
Authors: Rabbitt Kara M
Published: February 2007

Arguing for a reconsideration of Stendhal's unfinished novel, this article shows how Lamiel renders evident the tensions between eighteenth- and nineteenth-century narrative models and social contexts. Its unfinished state reveals multiple narrative voices Ð a first-person narrator, the character Sansfin, and Lamiel herself Ð attempting to gain discursive power over the fate and identity of the young female protagonist. The competition among these voices affects the construction of the novel itself (each time that a central character Ð first Lamiel, then Sansfin Ð begins to direct and narrate the flow of events within the story, the author stops writing), but also demonstrates the links between libertinage and narrative desire. Working from an intertextual study of the relationship between Lamiel and its eighteenth-century libertine ancestors, the article argues that Stendhal depicts a Restoration society whose constraints render impossible the narrative thrusts he attempts. (In French) (KMR)
Narrativeness
Authors: Morson Gary Saul
Published: February 2007

"Narrativeness" may be defined as the quality that makes narrative not merely present but essential. It comes in degrees, and there are narratives without narrativeness. Since the time of Leibniz, Western thought has favored models in which abstract scientific laws would ideally account for everything in nature and society (the ideal of a social science) and in which narrative would therefore be, at best, merely illustrative. But a number of thinkers have presented forceful arguments that such an ideal of knowledge is a chimera. Darwin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and others have insisted in the ineluctable need for narrative because genuine contingency exists and time is open. In literature, "the concept of narrativeness can help us to understand works that do away with what I call the literature of process, works that maximize narrativeness in a peculiar way that does away with structure and closure.
Was Wittgenstein a Closet Literary Critic?
Authors: Stewart Stanley
Published: February 2007

In 1929, when âodd coupleâ Leavis and Wittgenstein were taking their one-sided walks in Cambridge (the exhausted philosopher needed someone to lean on), Wittgenstein was working on âA Lecture on Ethics,â which explains his notion of how ethics and aesthetics fit in the âworld-book.â Distinguishing between âtrivial or relativeâ and âabsoluteâ judgments, Wittgenstein argues that â[e]thics and aesthetics are one.â At the time, C.K. Ogdenâs theory of âBasic English,â which would soon be spelled out in The System of Basic English (1934), was a lively topic of debate. Five years earlier, with Frank Ramseyâs help, Ogden had translated Wittgensteinâs Tractatus into English, and it was Ogden who arranged presentation of Wittgensteinâs public âLecture on Ethics.â Leavis recalls Wittgensteinâs rapid, apparently disjointed rejoinder to his exposition of Ogdenâs theory of âBasic English,â not recognizing in that articulation a major feature of Wittgensteinâs philosophical and literary style. Brilliantly, Wittgenstein truncates his interlocutorâs argument, presenting it as it should be framed, and preempting, in this case, Ogden and his proxy, Leavis, from giving the flawed account of Ogdenâs mistaken theory (on which Leavis was shaping his work in progress, Mass Communications and Minority Culture [1930]). So does this relationship suggest that Wittgenstein held literature and literary criticism in low esteem? On the contrary, throughout his life, Wittgensteinâs thought was imbued with an âaesthetic sense.â He read widely, and, as his remarks on Nietzsche, Newman, Freud, and Frazer indicate, often critically. So Leavis probably misunderstood Wittgensteinâs famous order, âGive up literary criticism.â Here, Wittgenstein registered skepticism regarding the broad claims of articulation implicit in Leavisâs concept of the âGreat Tradition.â Wittgenstein valued poetry, as he did music; Carnap was right on target when he observed that Wittgenstein did philosophy as a creative writer. If we believe Leavis, when confronted with a particular question about a particular Empson poem, Wittgenstein analyzed it, word for word, as Leavis would have, had Wittgenstein allowed him to speak.
Profession/Confession
Authors: Mucke Dorothea E. von
Published: February 2007

This article analyzes Rousseau’s “Profession of Faith of the Savoyard Vicar” as a text which inaugurates a discourse of the self’s revelation as a new speech genre in which the non-literary genres of the profession and confession become interchangeable. The analysis of this example provides the occasion to ask what is entailed in the transposition of a non-literary genre into the discourse of literature? How does the importing of a non-literary genre define and transform the domain of literature and what would be the effects of such a literary innovation on extra-literary forms of communication?
The Ode as an Oratorical Genre
Authors: Tynianov IUrii Nikolaevich , Shukman Ann
Published: February 2007

A seminal text in Russian formalist genre theory, Tynianov's previously untranslated essay on the ode is both an historical case study of a single genre and a investigation of broader principles of poetic structure and generic evolution. Applying his "systemo-functional" model of genre, Tynianov first analyses the structure of the Russian ode as exemplified by the eighteenth-century poet-critic Lomonosov, then traces a complex series of transformations that the genre undergoes in the hands of his rivals and successors, connecting these to other developments in literature and to contemporary critical debates about lyric poetry and language. Tynianov argues that the dominant characteristic of the Lomonosov ode is its orientation to oratory, the non-literary "speech series" it most closely resembles, and shows how the declamatory principle - involving a particular intonational system and the pursuit of maximum emotional effect - organises every element in an ode's construction and creates a special condition of language. After Lomonosov, the oratorical function weakens and the ode splits into two strands, dubbed "dry odes" and "senseless" odes, which evolve separately. In the nineteenth century, the genre mutates further, orientating itself instead to conversational speech or to music, and combining with other genres such as elegy or romance. The essay concludes with some speculative remarks about how the ode survived "as a tendency" even though the genre itself was largely defunct.
Proto-Micronesian Recontructions--2
Authors: Bender Byron Wilbur , Goodenough Ward Hunt , Jackson Frederick H. , Marck Jeffrey C. , Rehg Kenneth L. , Sohn Ho-min , Trussel Stephen , Wang Judith W
Published: February 2007

Part 1 (in volume 42 [1]) presents some 980 reconstructions for Proto-Micronesian, Proto-Central Micronesian, and Proto-Western Micronesian. Part 2 in this issue gives reconstructions for two additional subgroups within Proto-Micronesian: ProtoPohnpeic (PPON) and Proto-Chuukic PCK), and for the larger group that they comprise, Proto-Pohnpeic-Chuukic (PPC). A few putative loans are also identified, and a finder list for all reconstructions is provided.
Perspectives on Brain Tumor Formation Involving Macrophages, Glia, and Neural Stem
Authors: Seyfried Thomas N
Published: February 2007

The incidence of brain tumors is rising in children and
the elderly, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying brain
tumor initiation and progression. In the 1940s, Zimmerman and coworkers
exploited the tumor-promoting potential of polycyclic hydrocarbons to
produce brain tumor models in adult mice that simulated the neuropathology
of human brain tumors. Based on these early findings and on recent
neurobiological studies of stem cells, I propose that crystalline
carcinogenic pellets surgically implanted in the central nervous system
establish over time a microenvironment that fosters proliferation and
genetic damage in neural stem cells and their progenitors. Moreover,
activated glia (microglia and astrocytes) and recruited macrophages
mediate these processes. Gradually local tissue fields, which normally
restrict stem cell proliferation, become disorganized, leading to further
stem cell proliferation, genetic damage, and eventual neoplasia. Depending
on age, location, and the state of glial/macrophage activation, the
resulting brain tumor may resemble transformed neural progenitors aborted
in more or less differentiated states. This hypothesis integrates the
general mechanisms by which neural stem cells, glia, and macrophages
orchestrate the initiation and progression of brain cancer. Also discussed
are implications of these concepts for the diagnosis and therapy of
human brain tumors.
Notions of Heredity in the Correspondence of Edwin Grant Conklin
Authors: Reumann Miriam G. , Fausto-Sterling Anne
Published: February 2007

This article examines five letters from the correspondence of
American zoologist Edwin Grant Conklin that highlight his theories of
genetic and social inheritance, in order to suggest that Conklin's eugenic
beliefs--like those of many American authorities during this time--were
complex and sometimes contradictory. The letters reveal the international
prestige of American science after the two world wars and illuminate key
moments in the emergence of the concepts of heredity and inheritance,
within both the science of genetics and the social movement of eugenics.
Muscle Dysmorphia: A Critical Review of the Proposed Criteria
Authors: Chung Bryan
Published: February 2007

While body-image related disorders
such as anorexia nervosa have focused on thinness, only recently have
clinical criteria for a disorder that centers around muscularity--muscle
dysmorphia--been proposed. An individual affected by muscle dysmorphia is
overly concerned with his or her degree of muscularity.This preoccupation
is manifested in the individual's behavior (excessive weight lifting,
excessive attention to diet, social impairment).This article examines
the historical aspects and proposed criteria for muscle dysmorphia and
contrasts them with those of anorexia nervosa. While the authors of the
proposed criteria have suggested that muscle dysmorphia be classified as a
subcategory of body dysmorphic disorder, both the historical and clinical
aspects of this syndrome are more consistent with its classification as
an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Patient Autonomy Naturalized
Authors: Waller Bruce N.
Published: February 2007

Traditional informed consent often
promotes passive acquiescence rather than active exercise of autonomy. A
more natural biologically based model of autonomy is needed, a model
that both recognizes the biological roots and therapeutic benefits
of active confident choices among real alternatives, and offers
substantive guidelines for promoting patient autonomy. A biological
model of patient autonomy explains the value of information to patients,
outlines the circumstances under which patients make effective choices,
and suggests complementary roles for patients and professional
caregivers.
Perverting Medical History in the Service of "Animal Rights"
Authors: Morrison Adrian R
Published: February 2007

Scientists frequently disagree on the interpretation of
data. Such disagreements follow an informal set of rules, where
one assumes that the contestants are honestly engaged even though
biases may cloud their minds. A new group of individuals with
medical training operates under a different set of rules, however:
any statement or argument may be used to support the animal rightists'
contention that using animals to advance human medicine is wrong. These
"medical scientists" pervert the scientific discourse in which most
of us engage. Their fabrications are egregious. They take legitimate
scientists' statements out of context, construct statements out of
larger passages to twist arguments in their favor, and cite works that
actually are contrary to their arguments for effect. This essay reveals
the distortions by a number of such medically trained individuals that
I and several colleagues have uncovered.
Evolution by Phenotype: A Biomedical Perspective
Authors: Weiss Kenneth M , Buchanan Anne V
Published: February 2007

Abstract:
Genes are widely assumed to play a major role in the epidemiology of
complex chronic diseases, yet attempts to characterize the genetic
architecture of such traits have been frustrating. Understanding that
evolution works by screening phenotypes rather than genotypes can help
explain the source of this frustration. Complex traits are usually
the result of long-term, often subtle, gene-environment interactions,
such that individual life histories may be as important as population
histories in predicting and explaining these traits. Recognizing that
the problem is not due to technological limitations can help temper
expectations and guide the design of future work in biomedical genetics,
by allowing us to focus on better approaches where they exist and on
those problems most likely to yield a genetic solution. We may even be
forced to re-conceive complex biological causation.
Let the Shoemaker Stick to His Last: A Defense of the "Old" Public Health
Authors: Epstein Richard Allen
Published: February 2007

The traditional forms of public health law were
directed largely toward communicable diseases and other externalities,
such as pollution, with negative health impacts. The more modern view
treats any health issue that affects large numbers of individuals as
one of public health, which would include such problems as obesity and
diabetes. This paper examines the constitutional evolution of the public
health principle from the narrower to the broader conception. It then
argues that the narrower conception better defines the appropriate scope
of coercive government intervention than does the broader definition,
which could easily authorize interventions in economic affairs whose
indirect effects are likely to reduce overall social wealth and freedom,
and with it the overall health of the population.
Diminishing Returns?: The Costs and Benefits of Improving Health
Authors: Murphy Kevin M , Topel Robert H
Published: February 2007

In this paper, we develop and apply an economic
framework for valuing improvements in health, based on Murphy and Topel
(2002). Past improvements in health and longevity have had enormous social
value. By our estimation, the contributions to the economic well-being
of longer lifetimes have been worth about $73 trillion since 1970,
or about $2.6 trillion per year. The average 50-year-old man gained
additional life-years worth roughly $350,000, while a 50-year-old woman
gained about $180,000. Looking ahead, prospective benefits from further
progress are also large: a 10 percent reduction in mortality from heart
disease would be worth over $4 trillion, and even a 1 percent reduction
in cancer deaths would be worth over $400 billion. These values suggest
that public investments in basic medical research may yield huge social
returns, but distortions in the allocation of medical care and in research
incentives may yield future benefits that are smaller than the costs
of achieving them. While the average net health benefits of increased
medical expenditures are large, costs may have greatly exceeded benefits
in certain periods and age groups.
College Physical Education: An Unrecognized Agent of Change in Combating Inactivity-Related Diseases
Authors: Sparling Phillip B. (Phillip Belton)
Published: February 2007

Physical activity patterns during the young adult years are likely to be
important influences on habitual physical activity during overall adult
life and, consequently, have significant implications for long-term health
outcomes. The potential reach and impact of college physical education
on the promotion of physical activity to a large segment of the American
population has been largely unrecognized. Over the last generation,
many colleges and universities have reduced or eliminated their physical
education requirements. Nonetheless, physical education can make important
contributions in the primary prevention of inactivity-related chronic
diseases and to the general education of the college student. Awareness
and advocacy are needed to strengthen college physical education programs.
Nagarjuna and the Limits of Thought
Authors: Garfield Jay L. , Priest Graham
Published: February 2007

Nagarjuna seems willing to embrace contradictions while at the same time
making use of classic reductio arguments. He asserts that he rejects all
philosophical views including his own-that he asserts nothing-and
appears to mean it. It is argued here that he, like many philosophers in the
West and, indeed, like many of his Buddhist colleagues, discovers and
explores true contradictions arising at the limits of thought. For those who
share a dialetheist's comfort with the possibility of true contradictions
commanding rational assent, for Nagarjuna to endorse such contradictions
would not undermine but instead confirm the impression that he is indeed a
highly rational thinker. It is argued that the contradictions he discovers are
structurally analogous to many discovered by Western philosophers and
mathematicians.
Is Confucianism Compatible with Care Ethics? A Critique
Authors: Herr Ranjoo Seodu
Published: February 2007

This essay critically examines a suggestion proposed by some Confucianists that Confucianism and Care Ethics share striking similarities and that feminism in Confucian societies might take "a new form of Confucianism." Aspects of Confucianism and Care Ethics that allegedly converge are examined, including the emphasis on human relationships, and it is argued that while these two perspectives share certain surface similarities, moral injunctions entailed by their respective ideals of ren and caring are not merely distinctive but in fact incompatible.
Dharmakīrti and Priest on Change
Authors: Mortensen Chris
Published: February 2007

Competing accounts of change and motion are given by the seventh-century Buddhist logician Dharmakirti and the contemporary analytical philosopher Graham Priest. They agree on much, but disagree on the issue of the Law of Non-Contradiction. This paper takes Dharmakirti's side, appealing to current space-time theory, while making some qualifications.
ARL Index and Other Validity Correlates of LibQUAL+ Scores
Authors: Heath Fred M. , Cook Colleen , Kyrillidou Martha , Thompson Bruce
Published: February 2007

The present study was conducted to address five research
questions bearing upon the psychometric validity of LibQUAL+TM
scores using data provided by 20,416 participants. It was found that
LibQUAL+TM subscale and total scores were highly correlated
with satisfaction scores in two independent subsamples. As expected,
respondents who reported never using the library systematically
rated services lower than did other users. Also as expected,
LibQUAL+TM mean scores--intended primarily to measure
perceived service quality--were little correlated with institutional
ARL Index scores.
Evolution of Peer Evaluation of Library Instruction at Oregon State University Libraries
Authors: Middleton Cheryl
Published: February 2007

In 1998, tenure track librarians at Oregon State University
(OSU) Libraries were required to participate in peer evaluation of
instruction. This paper discusses the benefits of peer evaluation as
applied to library instruction and outlines the planning, implementation,
and outcomes of a formal process for peer evaluation of instruction at
OSU Libraries.
Intellectual Property, Ownership and Digital Course Materials: A Study of Intellectual Property Policies at Two and Four Year Colleges and Universities
Authors: Kelley Kimberly B , Bonner Kimberly , McMichael James S , Pomea Neal
Published: February 2007

The Center for Intellectual Property (CIP) at the
University of Maryland University College (UMUC) conducted a study of
the intellectual property policies of seventy-nine two- and four-year
academic institutions to identify their copyright ownership policies for
digital course materials (sometimes referred to as "courseware"). The
purpose of the study was to determine: 1) how copyright ownership rights
were distributed between the faculty and their institutions, 2) whether
separate or subordinate policies were used to clarify copyright ownership
for digital course materials, 3) whether institutions used contracts and,
if so to what extent, and 4) which policies were considered exemplary
for the purpose of identifying "best practices" in the field.
Sixty-eight institutional representatives responded for a response
rate of 86 percent. The study results indicate that most institutions
have one overarching policy, contracts are in use at many institutions,
policies are typically rather recent but are still considered inadequate
by respondents, and separate or subordinate policies are rare although
they do provide excellent information on how to address the ownership
question successfully.
The Role of Technology in Research: Perspectives from Students and Instructors
Authors: Laskowski Mary S
Published: February 2007

This article represents results of a survey designed to
investigate the role of technology in research, both from the instructor
and student standpoints. Results indicate a wide discrepancy between
instructor and student expectations and methods, as well as an increasing
demand on the part of students for full-text sources.
Are Researchers Ready For The Electronic-Only Journal Collection?: Results of a Survey at the University of Maryland
Authors: Dillon Irma F , Hahn Karla
Published: February 2007

This article discusses a web-based survey conducted by the
University of Maryland Libraries in the spring of 2001. The survey
was distributed among university faculty and graduate students to
determine their views on and use of electronic journals. Staff at the
Libraries hoped to discover information that would suggest how best to
manage collections to serve the university community efficiently. The
survey adds two new dimensions to previous studies of electronic journal
usage. First, it examines the respondents' current use of print journals
in library collections and second, distinguishes between respondents'
format preferences for those journals that are most central to their
research and teaching activities as well as less important titles.
Elements of the Expertise Technology Trainers Need to Instruct Academic Library Employees
Authors: Hovde Marjorie Rush , Hovde David M
Published: February 2007

Although academic library employees use high technology in their work, we know little about the abilities needed by their trainers. This ethnographic, baseline study explores elements of expertise that academic employee library trainers should have, such as knowing 1) how to learn about technology, 2) how to understand information science, 3) how to learn about trainees and develop effective training approaches, and 4) how to negotiate organizational constraints. These findings are useful to academic library employee technology trainers and to those who hire and supervise them.
A Brief History of the Future of Academic Libraries: Predictions and Speculations from the Literature of the Profession, 1975 to 2000--part two, 1990 to 2000
Authors: Sapp Gregg , Gilmour Ron
Published: February 2007

During the last quarter of the twentieth century, the literature of academic librarianship was replete with articles predicting, anticipating, speculating, and/or cautioning about future possibilities for the field. The seminal works of F. W. Lancaster, who was one of the early predictors and enthusiasts of "paperless information systems," are the key points of departure for this literature. This article (which covers the period of time from 1990 to 1999), as well as its first part (1975 to 1989), employ a citation-tracking method for gathering and reviewing this literature. Each work discussed in this article either cites Lancaster's work, or another that cites it, so that the resulting literature review has grown from a common source of thought. The aim is to provide an analytical overview on how academic librarians saw and attempted to shape the future of their field during a period of unprecedented change.
Resistance to Change in Libraries: Application of Communication Theories
Authors: Weiner Sharon Gray
Published: February 2007

Libraries are affected by discontinuous change caused by the type and rapidity of technological innovations. By examining the theories of structuration, diffusion of innovation, and contingency, change in libraries can be better understood, thus easing its adoption and assimilation. There is a need to reconceptualize libraries.
Tragedy of the Commons Revisited: Librarians, Publishers, Faculty and the Demise of a Public Resource
Authors: Davis Philip M
Published: February 2007

The model of scholarly publishing can be reduced, in economic terms,
to a Tragedy of the Commons, whereby the individual interests of
publishers, libraries and scholars are in conflict with what is
in the best interest of the public good. Serials inflation, price
discrimination, and site-license pricing are all manifestations of
this dysfunctional economic model. Moral arguments to change human
behavior are not effective because they do not provide individual
incentives. Technology alone is also not a viable solution since it fails
to change the underlying human behavior that is driving the economic
model. Abandoning the current system of publishing is both risky and
costly. This paper argues for a reintermediation of the library as
governor of the public scholarly commons, but illustrates that these
solutions are in conflict with the mission of the library profession.
Alien Control: From Phenomenology to Cognitive Neurobiology
Authors: Spence Sean
Published: February 2007

People experiencing alien control report that their thoughts,
movements, actions, and emotions have been replaced by those of
an "other." The latter is commonly a perceived persecutor of the
patient. Here I describe the clinical phenomenology of alien control,
mechanistic models that have been used to explain it, problems inherent in
these models, the brain deficits and functional abnormalities associated
with this symptom, and the means by which disordered agency may be
examined in this perplexing condition. Our current state of knowledge
implicates potentially reversible dysfunction in certain key brain regions
(especially the right parietal cortex), which is temporally related to
the presence of symptoms. Alien control is quintessentially a disorder
of agency.
Psychoanalysis and Feminism: Anorexia, the Social World, and the Internal World
Authors: Richmond Sarah
Published: February 2007

Abstract: This paper discusses the different explanatory approaches taken by feminists and (Kleinian) psychoanalysts to women's psychological illness. In particular, anorexia nervosa (a condition that has attracted much feminist attention) is used as an example. Examination of some Kleinian accounts of work with anorexic patients reveals the great disparity between the terms and focus of psychoanalytical explanation and those invoked in feminist discussions. Can the two perspectives be combined? It is argued that, despite its individualist methodology, psychoanalysis stands to gain from a broader understanding (that feminists might supply) of the cultural "provocation" of psychic conflict. This reconciliation of perspectives would require feminists to go beyond the "common sense" psychology that they often presuppose and to acknowledge the mediating influence of unconscious symbolic significance in experience. In connection with this issue, some work by feminists that has sought to accommodate psychoanalytical ideas is criticized for its "literalism." The lesson to be learned from this discussion applies more widely than to the feminist case.
Is This Dame Melancholy?: Equating Today's Depression and Past Melancholia
Authors: Radden Jennifer
Published: February 2007

The theoretical implications of
equating the melancholic states of past eras with today's depression
are explored. These include the presuppositions of the descriptive
psychiatry so influential in twentieth century classification, which
attempts to identify and describe mental disorders without reference to
underlying causes. It also includes claims made about different forms
of masked, and non-Western depression, and the new "drug cartography"
assigning psychiatric categories based on psychopharmacological effect. An
evaluation of the relative merits of descriptivist and causal ontologies,
together with an assessment of the similarities and differences between
melancholia and depression, suggest the conclusion that these two
conditions are misleadingly equated.
The Lion and the Lamb: De-mythologizing Franklin Roosevelt's Fireside Chats
Authors: Lim Elvin T
Published: February 2007

We are accustomed to a characterization of Franklin Roosevelt's legendary
Fireside Chats as intimate exchanges between the president and the
people. This essay argues that the Fireside Chats were a harsher,
more castigatory rhetorical genre than such a characterization would
allow. A content analysis of the 27 Fireside Chats recorded in FDR's
Public Papers suggests that the Fireside Chats were, on a number
of indices, far less intimate than have traditionally been supposed, and
in fact among the more vitriolic and declamatory utterances of the 32nd
president. The essay proceeds with a discussion of how this illusion of
intimacy was created and perpetuated, and explores the implications of
these findings for the nature of presidential oratory.
The Role of curricular debate in the university.
Authors: Nemec Mark R
Published: February 2007

This paper examines two considerations of curricular debate's place
in the university. The author compares Gerald Graff's argument for
"teaching the conflicts" with David Bromwich's claim that education
is "an adventure in its most precise sense" and finds that the two
scholars' basic diferences originate from (a) contrasting
conceptions of students and the teaching and learning process,
and (b) clashing perceptions of the forces shaping the struggle over
curriculum.
Postmodern Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Mourad R. P. (Roger Philip)
Published: February 2007

In many fields, postmodern forms of thought have recently
emerged, posing fundamental challenges to modern assumptions
concerning knowledge. This article explores the implications of four
post-modern philosophical positions on knowledge to show how
they reject absolute foundations and seek to expand the
possibilities for scholarly practice. It further argues that an absolute
foundation pervades higher education and that it unjustifiably
constrains the capacity of intellect. This absolute foundation is the
notion that legitimate intellectual activity is the disciplinary pursuit
of knowledge of entities that exist before and independent of
inquiry. A postmodern conception of higher education that would
expand the playing field for inquiry is advanced based on the
flexible concept of intellectually compelling ideas.
Another Reason Why State Legislatures Will Continue to Restrict Public University Autonomy
Authors: Sabloff Paula L. W
Published: February 2007

Change in the political structure of state legislatures may influence
their members to propose and pass more regulatory bills that
restrict public university autonomy. This article reviews the political
science literature on changing state politics, followed by a
statistical analysis of the 50 states and a case study of
Pennsylvania. The latter suggests a possible causal relationship
between the changing political structure and continued limitation of
public university autonomy.
Collaboration in Delivering Higher Education Programs: Barriers and Challenges
Authors: Stein Robert B , Short Paula M
Published: February 2007

This paper, based on the perceptions of participants, explores the barriers and challenges built into implementing inter-institutional collaboratives for delivering higher education programs. One outcome of the data analysis is the typology of collaboration presented in the paper. The paper also includes lessons learned and suggestions for future research on collaboration.
Understanding Networks of College Support: Practical Lessons from Mennonite Research
Authors: Wiese Michael D
Published: February 2007

An interesting aspect of American higher education is the institutional diversity offered. In some cases, distinctive colleges have emerged from the unique needs of a constituency group. One environment where this is true is in the church-related sector. This study extends prior research to three of the colleges supported by the Mennonite Church. The findings confirm that local congregations' orientation toward "localism" or "cosmopolitanism" is associated with levels of congregational and personal support for denominational colleges.
Reflections of Black Women Faculty in South African Universities
Authors: Mabokela Reitumetse Obakeng
Published: February 2007

The qualitative study on which this article is based, examines the experiences of Black, junior-rank female faculty in South Africa universities. The data demonstrate that, while gender discrimination is a global phenomenon that affects many women in the professoriate and while gender inequities are common across all racial groups in South Africa, the experiences of Black women faculty highlight the overlap of race and gender and the multiple ways in which these women scholars continue to be marginalized.
Religion and College Attendance: Change among Students
Authors: Lee Jenny J
Published: February 2007

This study began with three expectations: (a) students' religious convictions will decline over time, (b) their profile will follow that of earlier studies, and (c) greater involvement in diversity-related experiences would be associated with weaker religious beliefs. Using a longitudinal database for a national cohort of 1994 freshmen and a hierarchical regression analysis, this study found some unexpected results, particularly that diversity-related experiences were not associated with weaker religious beliefs.
Variations in Faculty Work at Research Universities: Implications for State and Institutional Policy
Authors: Fairweather James Steven , Beach Andrea L
Published: February 2007

Many higher education policies assume that the variation between institutional types is relatively large but that institutions within types are relatively homogeneous. Using case studies, this article explores the substantial variation in faculty work within one institutional type--research universities. We examine the implications of this variation for state policies designed to improve teaching and learning, and for institutional policies meant to achieve a better balance between teaching, research, and service.
Uncovering the Values in Faculty Evaluation of Service as Scholarship
Authors: O'Meara KerryAnn
Published: February 2007

Faculty struggles with promotion and tenure have caused many institutions to expand the definition of scholarship used in promotion. Schein's (1992) theory of organizational culture suggests that such change efforts will not endure unless its members hold values and beliefs that support the change. This study explored values and beliefs held by faculty and administrators that influenced the evaluation of service as scholarship for promotion and tenure in four colleges/units of education.
The Power of the Small: The Impact of Ethnic Minorities on Foreign Policy
Authors: Saideman Stephen M
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Ethnic minorities often have a greater impact on the government's
foreign policy than their size may otherwise lead to believe. Before
considering to what extent ethnic groups influence foreign policymaking,
it is important to understand their interests—what ethnic identities
may imply for external relations. In this regard, minorities face a
variety of constraints, including repression, failure to mobilize, and
a focus on domestic politics. However, ethnic minorities also possess
some unique advantages. They may find it easier to organize by virtue
of their small size; they are often more focused on a narrow set of
issues; and they frequently face less opposition from majority groups
on these particular issues. Ethnic groups have resorted to a variety
of strategies to influence their state's foreign policies, which have
implications for policymaking in general.
Gender Stereotyping in Early Modern Travel Writing on Holland
Authors: Gabbard D. Christopher
Published: February 2007

This article challenges the use of British seventeenth-century travel writing on Holland as historical evidence, especially with regard to passages concerning Dutch women's independence. Two British travelers' accounts illustrate the complexities of employing travel literature to fill out the historical record: Fynes Moryson's Itinerary and Owen Felltham's Brief Character. Stuart royalist ideology and patriarchalist gender assumptions inform both texts. In addition, Moryson's Itinerary consists of intertextual pastiche; Felltham's Brief Character invokes the conventions of the Theophrastan character. Failing to understand travel accounts' status as discursive medium leads to acquiescing na�vely to their strategies of mimetic literary representation.
Gender and Genre in Susanna Centlivre's The Gamester and The Basset Table
Authors: Warren Victoria
Published: February 2007

Examining the texts of two plays by Susanna Centlivre (ca. 1667-1723), The Gamester and The Basset Table, the essay identifies the problematics of the twentieth-century use of the term "sentimental comedy," interrogating its application to Centlivre's plays and analyzing the significance of the cultural context within which Centlivre wrote. The essay argues that there are elements within Centlivre's plays that function as a subversive countermovement in the texts, resisting and deconstructing the dominant ideology of her audience and its demand for a comforting moral.
Reconstructing Tess
Authors: Lovesey Oliver
Published: February 2007

"Reconstructing Tess" argues, in the context of a discussion of
Victorian virginity's religious, medical, social, journalistic, and
pornographic discourses, that Tess of the d'Urbervilles's narrative
logic or illogic attempts to resolve Angel Clare's apostasy,
centered on article four of the Thirty-Nine Articles, through a
sexualized reconstruction of the resurrection and particularly
through the reconstruction of Tess's virginity. Her virginity's reconstruction
is figured in the recuperative allegory of Tess's mouth
and in the person of her sister Liza-Lu. Representing the rebuilt
tabernacle of Angel's religion of unbelief, Liza-Lu displaces the
Christian resurrection for Angel in favor of a material resurrection
centered on a reconstructed Tess.
Rights of Passage: The Struggle over Jewish Intermarriage and Conversion in Colombia
Authors: Dizgun John
Published: February 2007

This contribution explores the recent debates over Jewish intermarriage
and conversion in Colombia, and the extent to which they revived
"Old World" and early-immigrant ethnic identities. To this effect it
focuses on Bogot�'s Sephardic community and tries to elucidate
through the speeches, letters, and resolutions stemming from a 1981 High
Holiday controversy the non-linear nature of ethnicity and how ethnicity
is transformed through struggle. In doing so, this piece also points
to a pattern of gendered relations that crossed ethnic and religious
boundaries among Jews in Colombia.
Ladino, Judezmo, Spanyolit, El Kasteyano Muestro
Authors: Zucker George K.
Published: February 2007

Throughout their travels, the Sefardim have taken with them their
lingua franca, a language which originated in Spain and was
changed by the fact that it was written in the Hebrew alphabet, by its
separation from mainstream Spanish, by its intimate association with
the dominant languages in the areas of settlement, and, especially in
the Ottoman territories, by the Alliance Isra�lite Universelle
schools, which provided elementary and secondary education for Sefardic
youngsters, all in French. The latter circumstance explains why a
majority of material written by Sefardim appears in that language. Not
even native speakers agree on what to call what, in the academic world,
is generally known as Judeo-Spanish; there are those who refer to it as
"Ladino," "Judezmo," "Spanyolit," "El Kasteyano Muestro," and even simply
"Espaniol." How to write the language using the Roman alphabet has also
been problematic. Some circumstances indicate that Jewish Castilian was
recognizably different from non-Jewish Castilian before the expulsion
of 1492, but its subsequent relative exile from mainstream Spanish
has widened that difference. Given over five centuries of separation,
its similarities to mainstream Spanish are more surprising than the
differences between the two.
A Profoundly Hegemonic Moment: De-Mythologizing the Cold War New York Jewish Intellectuals
Authors: Abrams Nathan
Published: February 2007

Since a mythology has been grown to such an extent around "the New York
(Jewish) Intellectuals," Nathan Abrams examines their history in order to
re-evaluate it anew, from a perspective that has not been shaped entirely
by them. In doing so, he takes a new angle on the subject by extensively
subjecting them to a theoretical analysis, utilizing different models of
the intellectual. Abrams looks at the changing function of the New York
Intellectuals, as public intellectuals, beginning in the 1930s through the
forties and fifties, and paying specific attention to the period known as
the Cultural Cold War. Using the work of, in particular, Antonio Gramsci
and Michel Foucault, he concludes that, through their alliance with the
anticommunist hegemony, many of them lost their original functions as
"organic" and "universal" intellectuals and instead became "traditional"
and "specific."
Gender and Space in the New Israeli Cinema
Authors: Gertz Nurith
Published: February 2007

The new Israeli cinema dismantles the equation created by the early
cinema, that of nationhood and masculinity. At its best, this cinema
does not obliterate the homogeneous Zionist identity; rather, it merges
this identity into a broader dialogue of identities and voices. From
this standpoint, it uses an ambivalent language that includes the self and the "other" and forces the spaces in
which they exist to commingle. Instead of simplistically replacing the
Hebrew masculine identity with a feminine Jewish one it integrates both
identities and examines them inside and out. This cinema treats space
similarly. Instead of replacing the Israeli space with an alternative
space, it makes different spaces overlap and commingle. This cinema
expresses the crisis in Israeli identity and the attempt to overcome it
by combining and blending the spaces, nationalities, and genders created
within it. The article uses the film The Last Love of Laura Adler
as an example for this new cinema.
Hole in the Moon or Zionism and the Binding (Ha-Ak'eda) Myth in Israeli Cinema
Authors: Zanger Anat
Published: February 2007

The biblical story of the binding of Isaac (Ha-ak'eda)
has been identified as one of the central codes through which Israeli
society communicates with itself about itself. The fact that significant
transformations of the myth occurred in Israeli culture at large during
the 1960s directed my attention towards the same period in cinema. Two
films by Uri Zohar, Hole in the Moon (1964) and Three Days and a
Child (1967), will be discussed and compared with He Walked through
the Fields, made by Yosef Millo that same year, and a later film,
The Cherry Season, madeby Haim Buzaglo in 1991. Interestingly,
the "personal cinema" in Israel of the 1960s, a sub-system operating
within the larger cultural and social system, was not only influenced
by the central code but prefigured its future course.
Iconicity and Arbitrariness in Italian Sign Language
Authors: Pietrandrea Paola
Published: February 2007

Sign linguistics has always had to deal with the notion of iconicity
because sign languages are much more iconic than vocal languages.
Formal sign linguists have often tried to explain iconicity apart from
descriptions of sign language, considering it as contradictory to the
arbitrariness that must rule language organization as a natural consequence
of the autonomy and the separateness of language. More recently,
functional sign linguists have highlighted the presence of
iconicity as a function of the peculiar visual-gestural modality of sign
languages.
This article provides quantitative information on the incidence of
iconicity in the lexicon of Italian Sign Language (LIS). It observes
how the principles of arbitrariness govern the great amount of iconicity
that occurs in the LIS lexicon. It also tries to interpret both the
high incidence of iconicity and the necessary presence of arbitrariness
as responses to a deep need for economy. In order to explain why
the arbitrary organization of the LIS lexicon does not prevent a high
incidence of iconicity, I propose a revisited notion of arbitrariness
based on Saussure�s original formulation of arbitrariness.
A Descriptive Analysis of Pointing and Oral Movements in a Home Sign System
Authors: Torigoe Takashi , Takei Wataru
Published: February 2007

Two deaf sisters (71 and 68 years old) use a home sign system that
appears to have developed without input from conventional sign or
spoken languages. Their home sign consists primarily of various
pointing gestures and oral movements. Pointing gestures were found
to be part of lexical terms and refer not only to the present person,
object, or place but also to nonpresent objects. Moreover, some
pointing gestures were referentially redundant and occupied fixed
positions in sentences, suggesting that they were used as grammatical
terms. In addition, oral movements were frequently used together
with manual signs, and their functions may be classified as lexical,
adverbial, and grammatical. Finally, grammatical components of this
home sign system were compared with those of conventional sign
languages in an attempt to reveal some shared characteristics in the
gestural mode of communication.