bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sebaceous lipids are essential for water repulsion, protection against UVB-induced apoptosis, and ocular integrity in mice
Authors: Dahlhoff Maik , Camera Emanuela , Schäfer Matthias , Emrich Daniela , Riethmacher Dieter , Foster April , Paus Ralf , Schneider Marlon R.
Published: March 2016

Sebocytes, cells characterized by lipid accumulation leading to cell disruption, can be found in hair follicle-associated sebaceous glands (SGs) or in free SGs such as the Meibomian glands in the eyelids. Because genetic tools allowing sebocyte targeting while maintaining intact epidermal lipids are lacking, the relevance of sebaceous lipids in health and disease remains poorly understood. Using Scd3, a gene expressed exclusively in mature sebocytes, we established a mouse line with sebocyte-specific expression of cre recombinase. Both RT-PCR analysis and crossing into Rosa26-LacZ reporter mice and KrasG12D mice confirmed cre activity specifically in SGs, with no activity in other skin compartments. Importantly, loss of SCD3 function did not cause detectable phenotypical alterations, endorsing the usefulness of Scd3cre mice for further functional studies. Scd3cre-induced, diphtheria chain A toxin-mediated depletion of sebaceous lipids resulted in impaired water repulsion and thermoregulation, increased rates of UVB-induced epidermal apoptosis, and caused a severe pathology of the ocular surface resembling Meibomian gland dysfunction. This novel mouse line will be useful for further investigating the roles of sebaceous lipids in skin and eye integrity.
Integrin signalling regulates YAP/TAZ to control skin homeostasis
Authors: Elbediwy A. , Vincent-Mistiaen Z. I. , Spencer-Dene B. , Stone R. K. , Boeing S. , Wculek S. K. , Cordero J. , Tan E. H. , Ridgway R. , Brunton V. G. , Sahai E. , Gerhardt H. , Behrens A. , Malanchi I. , Sansom O. J. , Thompson B. J.
Published: March 2016

The skin is a squamous epithelium that is continuously renewed by a population of basal layer stem/progenitor cells and can heal wounds. Here we show that YAP and TAZ are nuclear localised in the basal layer of skin and are elevated upon wound healing. Skin-specific deletion of both YAP and TAZ in adult mice slows proliferation of basal layer cells, leads to hair loss and impairs regeneration after wounding. Contact with the basal extracellular matrix and consequent Integrin-Src signalling is a key determinant of YAP/TAZ nuclear localisation in basal layer cells and in skin tumours. Contact with the basement membrane is lost in differentiating daughter cells, where YAP and TAZ become mostly cytoplasmic. In other types of squamous epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas, a similar control mechanism is present. In contrast, columnar epithelia differentiate an apical domain that recruits CRB3, MERLIN, KIBRA and SAV to induce Hippo signalling and retain YAP/TAZ in the cytoplasm despite contact with the basal layer extracellular matrix. When columnar epithelial tumours lose their apical domain and become invasive, YAP/TAZ becomes nuclear and tumour growth becomes sensitive to the Src inhibitor Dasatinib.
Epiboly generates the epidermal basal monolayer and spreads the nascent mammalian skin to enclose the embryonic body
Authors: Panousopoulou Eleni , Hobbs Carl , Mason Ivor , Green Jeremy B. A. , Formstone Caroline J.
Published: March 2016

Epiboly is a morphogenetic process that is employed in the surface ectoderm of anamniotes during gastrulation to cover the entire embryo. We propose here that mammals also utilise this process to expand the epidermis and enclose the body cavity and spinal cord with a protective surface covering. Our data supports a model whereby epidermal spreading is driven by the primary establishment of the epidermal basal progenitor monolayer through radial cell intercalation of a multi-layered epithelium towards the basal lamina. By using a suspension organotypic culture strategy, we find that this process is fibronectin-dependent and autonomous to the skin. The radial cell rearrangements that drive epidermal spreading also require ROCK activity but are driven by cell protrusions and not myosin II contractility. Epidermal progenitor monolayer formation and epidermal spreading are delayed in Crash mice, which possess a dominant mutation in Celsr1, an orthologue of the core planar cell polarity (PCP) Drosophila protein Flamingo (also known as Stan). We observe a failure of ventral enclosure in Crash mutants suggesting that defective epidermal spreading might underlie some ventral wall birth defects.
Ca2+ is a key factor in α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Angelova Plamena R. , Ludtmann Marthe H. R. , Horrocks Mathew H. , Negoda Alexander , Cremades Nunilo , Klenerman David , Dobson Christopher M. , Wood Nicholas W. , Pavlov Evgeny V. , Gandhi Sonia , Abramov Andrey Y.
Published: March 2016

Aggregation of α-synuclein leads to the formation of oligomeric intermediates that can interact with membranes to form pores. However, it is unknown how this leads to cell toxicity in Parkinson's disease. We investigated the species-specific effects of α-synuclein on Ca2+ signalling in primary neurons and astrocytes using live neuronal imaging and electrophysiology on artificial membranes. We demonstrate that α-synuclein induces an increase in basal intracellular Ca2+ in its unfolded monomeric state as well as in its oligomeric state. Electrophysiology of artificial membranes demonstrated that α-synuclein monomers induce irregular ionic currents, whereas α-synuclein oligomers induce rare discrete channel formation events. Despite the ability of monomeric α-synuclein to affect Ca2+ signalling, it is only the oligomeric form of α-synuclein that induces cell death. Oligomer-induced cell death was abolished by the exclusion of extracellular Ca2+, which prevented the α-synuclein-induced Ca2+ dysregulation. The findings of this study confirm that α-synuclein interacts with membranes to affect Ca2+ signalling in a structure-specific manner and the oligomeric β-sheet-rich α-synuclein species ultimately leads to Ca2+ dysregulation and Ca2+-dependent cell death.
Advances in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: what’s new and upcoming?
Authors: Patel Chintan K. , Bennett Nelson
Published: March 2016

Erectile dysfunction adversely affects up to 20% of all men and is the most commonly treated sexual disorder. The public health implications of this condition are significant and represent a challenge for our healthcare system. The physiological pathways responsible for erections have been extensively studied, and much advancement has been made since the introduction of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Newer agents, such as dopaminergic and melanocortin receptor agonists, which target central erectogenic pathways, are under investigation. Newer formulations and delivery methods of existing medications such as alprostadil will also be introduced in the near future. Furthermore, low-intensity shockwave lithotripsy and stem cell regenerative techniques are innovative approaches to the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Information Risks and the Efficiency of Legal Policy
Authors: Rybakov Oleg , Tikhonova Sofya
Published: March 2016

Building the information society raises the issue of the legal policy efficiency. The achievement of legal policy objectives depends on the organization of information exchanges. In the information society information and communication technologies are used to organize information exchange so that the number of exchanges required for the resolving task must to be minimum with minimum period. The new information infrastructure of the legal policy means the new risks. The main objective is the identification of the key risks for legal policy efficiency in the information society. The authors used formal logical and formal legal methods. The authors have justified the application of a transdisciplinary science model to the theory of legal policy. They concluded that in the information society legal policy becomes transdisciplinary, its subject structure is expanded, including civil society and institute of science. Key risks for legal policy efficiency becoming the risk of errors in the subject´s identification, the risks of a choice of model of interaction (information exchange), risks the downside of the qualitativecharacteristics information. The authors have reviewed the main approaches to the classification of risks. The key risks for transdisciplinary legal policy efficiency identified as information risks.
Anti-Corruption Potential of the Code of Administrative Justice in the Part of Appeal of Actions (Inaction) and Decisions of the State Bodies, Local Self-Government Bodies and Their Officials
Authors: Sukhareva Nataliya , Murashova Ekaterina
Published: March 2016

In modern Russia, corruption should be seen as a socio-legal phenomenon that impedes the formation of civil society, consolidation of the State, development of the economy and improvement of the standards of living. Anti-corruption is our country’s strategic task today. An important step in the fight against corruption is reforming the administrative proceedings directly affecting the relations between citizens and officials acting on behalf of the Sate within their powers. Research on corruption in historical perspective discovers the need for adoption of regulations of high quality in the field of administrative justice. Disputes between public and private subjects should be settled in accordance with the valid constitutional provisions of the Russian Federation. Adoption of a unified code governing the administrative disputes settlement procedures is an important milestone in formation of administrative justice institution contributing to the creation of an effective mechanism of legal regulations development, as well as to the uniformity of court practice.
Civil Suit as a Part of Criminal Case: Theory and Practice
Authors: Sushina Tatyana
Published: March 2016

The article analyzes the problematic issues in resolution of civil suit for compensation of property or moral damage caused by crime. The author describes the concept of civil suit in criminal case, notes the advantages, disadvantages and some methods of providing proof. The civil suit is suggested to be seen as the right of victim that should be respected by prosecuting authorities and courts. According to statistics, there is a noticeable decrease in the total number of civil suits in criminal cases. The article includes some thoughts about the reasons for such a decrease and the difficulties which lawyers can face. The author develops new attitude towards civil suit in criminal case, contributing to improve the performance of the prosecuting authorities and courts.
Reviews
Authors: Zangl Veronika , Mercieca Simon
Published: March 2016

The Ashgate Research Companion to Memory Studies, Siobhan Kattago (ed.) (2015) Burlington, VT and Farnham: Ashgate, 274 pp., ISBN: 9781409453925, h/bk, £90.00

Memories of Belonging: Descendants of Italian Migrants to The United States. 1884–Present (Studies in Global
Social History, Volume 17; Studies in Global Migration History, Volume 5), Christa Wirth (2015) Leiden: BRILL, 406 pp., ISBN: 9789004284562 , h/bk, €129.00
The memory practices of immigrant film-makers: Minor cinemas and the production of locality
Authors: Sundholm John
Published: March 2016

This article presents a case study of independent immigrant film-making from the 1980s and the early 1990s in Sweden. The aim is twofold: to analyse the memory practices of exilic and diasporic subjects and to stress that what Zuzana M. Pick has coined as the subjective paradoxes and
privileges of exile implies an agential understanding of memory. Hence, the study of memory and migration in relation to film practice before the digital turn calls for a theory of cultural production and an approach in which film is not primarily considered a means for representation but
an act in itself.
See(m)ing strange: Methodologies of memory and home
Authors: Zorko Špela Drnovšek
Published: March 2016

Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s work on the stranger and Anne-Marie Fortier’s approach to remembering home, this article argues for a methodology of memory and migration that would explore individuals’ encounters between lived spatio-temporalities without affirming a migrant
ontology. I look to my ethnographic research on diasporic narratives among migrants from the former Yugoslavia in the United Kingdom to ask how recounted memories of home might be bound up in, but not confined to, the experience of migration. Exploring mnemonic journeys that go beyond dichotomies
of displaced origins and strange new homelands, I suggest that stories of embodied sensory experience can make visible people’s encounters with forms of difference: both in the past home, which loses its ontological fixity, and in the process of inhabiting a ‘diaspora space’,
which comes with its own narratives and trajectories of being a stranger.
My life abroad: The nostalgia of Serbian immigrants in the Nordic countries
Authors: Hadžibulić Sabina , Manić Željka
Published: March 2016

In this article we analyse the nostalgia of Serbian immigrants in the Nordic countries. The aim is to determine which features of the past are important to them, and how they influence their lives and interpretation of their current life settings. The research is based on a quantitative
and qualitative content analysis of immigrants’ impressions of everyday life, which have been published as freestyle texts between 2007 and 2015 in the section Moj život u inostranstvu/My Life Abroad of the Serbian daily newspaper Politika Online. The material includes 36 texts
referring to the lives of Serbian immigrants in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. The analysis shows that the objects of nostalgia are personal experiences related to specific life circumstances, followed by periods in life, momentous events, past selves, and persons. In respect of value
direction, bittersweet nostalgic memories are slightly more frequent than positive, followed by neutral memories. Nostalgia has a significant function in their lives. It narrates the values and norms that represent their life guidelines, based on which they envision and construct a better
future. Additionally, this is evidence of the need for understanding from and acceptance by their new environments, which provide stimulus to survive and create in the conditions of the unstable present.
We need more imposters!
Authors: Chrystall Andrew
Published: March 2016

Whose voice(s) can be heard today let alone confront technopoly? How can or should the sensitive, balanced, integral and perceptually equipped individual (aka the would-be critic and/or media activist) contend with the stresses resulting from the psychological effects of alienation from an irrational, decaying and vicious society and simultaneous impulse to merge with the media? This retrospective offers an exploration of how and why the early-McLuhan grappled with these concerns immediately prior to undertaking his public campaign to ‘kick (media) in the guts’. This article seeks to show that self-management – the role and personae McLuhan adopted, the voice(s) with which he spoke, his survival strategies in the face of the maelstrom, and how he positioned himself in relation to his audiences – was an integral feature of his methodology, and how McLuhan’s preparation for his public campaign, conducted in and through an extensive study of other artists, may serve as a viable model of necessary preparation for intelligent action.
Surviving information overload: A plea for balance
Authors: Chumakova Varvara
Published: March 2016

Human nature and language provide limits for the processing of information, but at the same time people are flexible and try to adapt to their changing media environments. The inability to adapt, however, has specific social and psychological consequences, and here I discuss the main characteristics of reaction to the contemporary information overload. The practices that surround an ‘escape from freedom’ are common, and people have many media practices that could be interpreted as attempts to escape the problem of information overload, even if these are not ultimate solutions. To understand the problem, however, is the first step towards survival, and the key point is that information overload violates the balance between nature and technology and between ‘life’ and ‘death’. Survival will therefore involve retrieving a sense of balance.
Permasalahan Lokasi Pedagang Kaki Lima dalam Ruang Perkotaan
Authors: Widjajanti Retno
Published: March 2016

Urban development is inseparable from the problem of the urban informal. The informal sector is a sector that will always grow and thrive. Various issues that arise in urban development is the problem of the location of the activity space street vendors (PKL) in the urban space. The problem of space activity occurs in the informal street vendors space settlements or urban space. PKL is one of the supporters of the activity in a public space that can be categorized as an 'activity support'. These activities tend to be located in a place according to its activity. Meanwhile, there is little discussion of urban street vendors in view space. Until now, the discussion is more to the economic, social and policy. In addition, many of the types of activities studied, space requirements, physical arrangement and the arrangement of the display / architectural aesthetics. The methodology used in conducting the study concerns the location of street vendors in the urban space using the method of literature revie. Given this method, can identify deficiencies / weaknesses of the informal sector theory and the theory of space to determine the location of street vendors in urban spaces. The conclusion of this research is to study the behavior of PKL space that affect the determination of the location of trade.Abstract : Urban development is inseparable from the problem of the urban informal. The informal sector is a sector that will always grow and thrive. Various issues that arise in urban development is the problem of the location of the activity space street vendors (PKL) in the urban space. The problem of space activity occurs in the informal street vendors space settlements or urban space. PKL is one of the supporters of the activity in a public space that can be categorized as an 'activity support'. These activities tend to be located in a place according to its activity. Meanwhile, there is little discussion of urban street vendors in view space. Until now, the discussion is more to the economic, social and policy. In addition, many of the types of activities studied, space requirements, physical arrangement and the arrangement of the display / architectural aesthetics. The methodology used in conducting the study concerns the location of street vendors in the urban space using the method of literature revie. Given this method, can identify deficiencies / weaknesses of the informal sector theory and the theory of space to determine the location of street vendors in urban spaces. The conclusion of this research is to study the behavior of PKL space that affect the determination of the location of trade.
Penyediaan Air Bersih pada Kawasan Rawan Air Bersih di Pesisir Utara Lamongan
Authors: Noviyanti Evlina , Setiawan Rulli Pratiwi
Published: March 2016

Permukiman di pesisir Utara Kabupaten Lamongan merupakan salah satu kawasan rawan air bersih yang ada di Jawa Timur.Selama ini, distribusi air bersih dilakukan melalui sambungan rumah yang diperoleh dari PDAM dan HIPPAM, namun pelayanan yang didapatkan ini masih sangat minim dan jauh dibawah standar pelayanan minimum air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskanarahan penyediaan air bersih pada kawasan rawan air di permukiman pesisir Utara Lamongan.Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan dan cakupan pelayanan air bersih, analisis regresi spasial dengan GWR (Geographically Weighted Regresion)untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam penyediaan air bersih dan analisis deskriptif untuk merumuskan arahan penyediaan air bersih di pesisir Utara Lamongan
Pengembangan Komoditas Unggulan Tanaman Pangan di Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Akbar A , Barus Baba , Baskoro Dwi Putro Tejo
Published: March 2016

Crop farming sector is an important sector in Bone, but it’s productivity is still fluctuating. Currently commodities occur in the area, that may contribute to agriculture development, and they may distribute in unappropriate physical suitability and lack support of infrastructure. This study aims to (1) Identify the superior crop commodities in Bone, (2) Identify availability of  agricultural infrastructure and facilities, (3) Evaluate land suitability for food crops in Bone, (4) Develop guidelines for location and strategies for development of superior commodity crops  in Bone. The analytical method used is the LQ analysis, MCDM-TOPSIS, schallogram, land suitability, and A'WOT. Results showed that paddy, corn and soybeans are superior commodities. Suitable land for development are  20,7% for rice, 16,0% for corn and  0,9% for soybean. Location for development commodity is directed in district Libureng, Awangpone, Tellusiattinge, Ponre, Kahu, Lamuru, Cina, Salomekko, Ajangale, Tonra, Bontocani, Cenrana, Kajuara, Amali, Mare, Tellulimpoe dan Patimpeng.  Strategies development, namely: (a) Optimizing and utilizing the potential of the area/natural resources, human resources and government policies for the development of food crops selected; (b) Increasing partnerships between stakeholders; (c) Enhancing the ability of research institutions to develop new technologies, and (d) Utilizing a strategic position region business import export trade of agricultural products.
MODEL KERJASAMA ANTAR DAERAH DALAM PERENCANAAN SISTEM TRANSPORTASI WILAYAH METROPOLITAN BANDUNG RAYA (Inter-regional Cooperation Model of Transportation System Planning in the Greater Bandung Metropolitan)
Authors: Talitha Tessa , Hudalah Delik
Published: March 2016

Decentralization policy in Indonesia gives development authority at local government level which cause fragmentation among regions. On the other hand, there are some government affairs that need to be managed jointly between several regions, so that inter-regional cooperation is necessary. Greater Bandung Metropolitan has rapid development from Bandung City to regions arround it. With the increasing of activity rate, good infrastructure planning including transportation system planning are needed. Decision making in planning implies many considerations, so that transaction cost such as information, negotiation, enforcement, and agency were involved. For the purpose of increasing public services, study of inter-regional collaboration models are needed. Based on the analysis, found that there are factors that will cause transaction costs such as unequal distribution of information, conflict of interest, actor who dominates, and lack of commitments of stakeholders. Then the results obtained that the model that appropriate to applied in Greater Bandung Metropolitan is jointly-formed authority, which is an institution consisting of representatives from each local governments and has the authority to execute policy in particular sector.
ANALISIS SPASIAL TIPOLOGI KERUSAKAN LAHAN BERBASIS SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (Spatial Analysis Of Land Damage Typology Based On Geographic Information System)
Authors: Juhadi J , Tjahjono Heri , Arifudin Riza
Published: March 2016

Analysis of spatial typology of land demage can give an idea on how community behavior was and can be used as an indicator of how society treats the land resources now and for the future. This paper aims to describe the spatial analysis of land demage typology based on geographic information system. The research was carried out in the hill-mountainous area of Kulonprogro, DIY. The approach was a mix of quantitative and qualitative research. The units of analysis are farm households and landform units. The study was conducted using survey and in-depth interviews. The results show that the typology of land demage rate is lower than the actual level typology of potential land demage, which means the level of potential land demage is not always directly proportional to the level of actual land demage. The factor of local wisdom in the study area plays an important role in the management of agricultural land.
TIPOLOGI DAN POLA PENANGANAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH DI KOTA BONTANG (The Typology and Patterns of Slum Improvement Management in Bontang City)
Authors: Setiadi Amos
Published: March 2016

Started as a fishing settlement area in Bontang Kuala Village, the City of Bontang has been growing very rapidly. However, despite this growth people's standard of living has been decreasing in terms of environmental quality, income as well as sheltering with the emergence of slum areas. These conditions greatly affect the physical, social, cultural and economic aspects of life. The management of slum areas in Bontang City becomes strategic because slums are integrated with the rest of the city including the downtown area and urban growth centers, as well as with the other areas in the vicinity, such as industrial, commercial, warehousing, and office areas. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of the slum areas. The identification methods do not discriminate the distribution of slum areas. The criteria used include non-economic vitality, regional economic vitality, land ownership status, infrastructure and facility conditions, local government’s commitment, and handling priorities. Environmental assessment of the slums was done by assigning a weighting system to each of the above criteria. The determination of the weights of the criteria is relative and depends on the individual and group preferences in looking at the influence of each criterion. The improvement or treatment patterns appropriate to be applied in Bontang City should be in accordance with the site characteristics. Locations with high-scale slum category (HS) requires the curative pattern while those with moderate category (MS) should take reductive treatment, and slum areas with low-scale category (LS) will require preventive treatment.
Using Logic to Model Interests in Ethnic Conflicts: The Case of the Hungarian Minority in Slovakia and Slovenia
Authors: Lempp Frieder , Marácz László
Published: March 2016

This article investigates the situation of Hungarian ethno-linguistic minorities in Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. It compares the extent to which the two minority groups’ interests are satisfied and provides an explanation for differences between their de facto statuses. The authors use a logic-based methodology to extract the key parties, issues, and interests. Drawing on the analysis, the structure of each case (i.e. the dependencies between the parties’ interests) is displayed as a simple graph. Differences in the de facto status of the two groups can thus be explained by differences in the respective conflict structure. The authors argue that - as evidenced by the case of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia - a number of unresolved ethnolinguistic minority issues in Central Europe have a high conflict potential and may be a threat for security in the region and the European Union.
Illegal Immigration and Fight against Illegal Migration in Member States of the European Union
Authors: Sheryazdanova Kamilla
Published: March 2016

In the modern world, processes of migration are expected to contribute to economic development, the interchange of progressive technologies and knowledge as well as the blending of cultures. Solving the problems linked to migration processes is an important task to be accomplished by various state policies of European Union member countries. Both internal and external reasons explain why such policies are treated with much consideration nowadays. The present paper describes the development of European Union regulations on immigration and asylum, while tackling certain - primarily legal - aspects of immigration policies, too. Its conclusion based on the discussion of processes and legal provisions relates to the possible future of Europe.
Mineralization of wood by calcium carbonate insertion for improved flame retardancy
Authors: Merk Vivian , Chanana Munish , Gaan Sabyasachi , Burgert Ingo
Published: March 2016

Wood can be considered as a highly porous, three-dimensional organic scaffold. It can be mineralized to create hierarchically structured organic-inorganic hybrid materials with novel properties. In the present paper, the precipitation of CaCO3 mineral in Norway spruce and European beech wood has been studied by alternating impregnation with aqueous and alcoholic electrolyte solutions. Microstructural imaging by SEM and confocal Raman microscopy shows the distribution of calcite and vaterite as two CaCO3 polymorphs, which are deposited deep inside the cellular structure of the wood. The confined microenvironment of the wood cell wall seems to favor a formation of vaterite, as visible by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. In view of a practical application, the mineralization of wood opens up ways for sustainable wood-based hybrid materials with a significantly improved fire resistance, as proven via pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry and cone calorimetry tests. Beyond that, this versatile solute-exchange approach provides an opportunity for the incorporation of a broad range of different mineral phases into wood for novel material property combinations.
Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum against soybean charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Khaledi Nima , Taheri Parissa
Published: March 2016

Throughout the world, charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of crop plants such as soybean. In this study, the biological control capability of 11 Trichoderma spp. isolates against M. phaseolina was investigated using screening tests. Among all the tested Trichoderma spp. isolates, inhibition varied from 20.22 to 58.67% in dual culture tests. Dual culture, volatile and non-volatile tests revealed that two isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (including the isolates T7 and T14) best inhibited the growth of M. phaseolina in vitro. Therefore, these isolates were selected for biocontrol of M. phaseolina in vivo. The results of greenhouse experiments revealed that disease severity in the seed treatment with T. harzianum isolates was significantly lower than that of the soil treatment. In most of the cases, though, soil treatment with T. harzianum resulted in higher plant growth parameters, such as root and shoot weight. The effects of T. harzianum isolates on the activity of peroxidase enzyme and phenolic contents of the soybean root in the presence and absence of M. phaseolina were determined in greenhouse conditions. Our results suggested that a part of the inhibitory effect of T. harzianum isolates on soybean charcoal rot might be related to the indirect influence on M. phaseolina. Plant defense responses were activated as an elicitor in addition to the direct effect on the pathogen growth.
PCR-RFLP method to distinguish Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella intonsa, Frankliniella pallida and Frankliniella tenuicornis
Authors: Przybylska Arnika , Fiedler Żaneta , Obrępalska-Stęplowska Aleksandra
Published: March 2016

Thrips from the genus Frankliniella (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) are phytophagous on crops and wild plants. Some of them cause slight economic damage, however, others including F. occidentalis and F. intonsa are responsible for considerable losses in crop production. Moreover, they constitute a double threat for host plants by not only feeding on them but also vectoring viruses, some of which are on the quarantined list of the European Plant Protection Organization. The rapid detection and differentiation between more and less harmful Frankliniella species is, therefore, important in order to combat the pests at the time of their appearance. In this study, we have undertaken to develop a method of detecting F. occidentalis, F. intonsa, F. pallida, and F. tenuicornis. The protocol is based on PCR amplification of ITS1 rDNA fragments of these insects using universal primers pair giving products of slightly distinct length for studied insects. Restriction enzymes digestion which is easy to interpret, allows for visible differentiation of all these Frankliniella species. The method was shown to be species-specific and sensitive. Even single specimens in either the larvae or adult stage could be distinguished.
Right’s Complex Relation to Ethics in Kant: The Limits of Independentism
Authors: Baiasu Sorin
Published: March 2016

The recent literature on the relation in Kant between duties of right and duties of virtue is dominated by a debate on whether duties of right can be derived from duties of virtue. According to one important argument, there is a tension or even a paradox in Kant between various claims concerning juridical norms, a paradox which can best be solved by assuming an “Independentist” position, that is, the view that the Universal Principle of Right is independent from the Categorical Imperative and, hence, that duties of right are normatively independent from duties of virtue. My claim in this paper is that the paradox which supports the independentist reading affects Kant’s claims only when the focus is on the subjective validity of duties. Once the focus is changed to objective validity, with which Kant is actually concerned, the paradox is dissolved and the Universal Principle of Right can appear as normatively dependent on the Categorical Imperative. In other words, in this paper, I argue that the scope of the paradox of juridical norms is confined to a specific focus and independentism (the view that duties of right are independent from duties of virtue) is confined in a similar way. Hence, the complexity of Kant’s account makes it possible for him to accommodate both independentist and dependentist views of the relation between right and virtue.
Common Possession of the Earth and Cosmopolitan Right
Authors: Pinheiro Walla Alice
Published: March 2016

was a prominent idea in seventeenth-century modern philosophy. In this paper I will argue that Kant not only provides a secularized version of common possession of the earth but also radically departs from the conception of his natural law theory predecessors. I argue that Kant’s account of cosmopolitan right seeks to address the same problem as Grotius’ right of necessity, namely the implausibility of assuming inflexible acquired rights when this would go against the rationale for introducing these rights. However, while Grotius intended to excuse violations of private property in cases of necessity, Kant restricts his discussion to the right of host peoples to reject entrants in their territory. I show that in Kant’s account, to deny life-saving occupation of space to another being who is in principle just as entitled as anyone else to any place of the earth is to
Synthesis and structure of a cobalt coordination polymer based on 2,8-di(pyridin-4-yl)dibenzothiophene and 4,4-dicarboxydiphenylsulfone
Authors: Jiao Yan , Zhao Dan-Xia , Yang Kai-Ping , Liu Xin , Huang Cheng-Yan , Zhang Ming-Dao , Chen Min-Dong
Published: March 2016

A new coordination polymer {[Co2(DPDBT)2(DCPS)2(H2O)](H2O)}
n
(1) [DPDBT = 2,8-di(pyridin-4-yl)dibenzothiophene, H2DCPS = 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl sulfone], was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Complex 1 exhibits a 2D structure with two different kinds of binuclear cobalt cluster units. The UV/Vis spectra of 1 and of the ligands were investigated, indicating that complex 1 is a potential wide gap semiconductor material.
A Donor Influenced by Local Dynamics
Authors: Matsuzawa Setsuko
Published: March 2016

This article explores the relations between a foreign aid donor and local actors in the context of the dissemination of development discourses and practices in an authoritarian context. It addresses the question “To what extent may the local dynamics alter the original goals of a donor and lead to unintended consequences?” Based on archival research, interviews, and secondary literature, this case study examines the Yunnan Uplands Management Project (YUM) in 1990–95, the Ford Foundation's first grant program on rural poverty alleviation in China. While the Foundation did not attain its main goal of making YUM a national model for poverty alleviation, the local actors were able to use YUM to develop individual capacities and to build roles for themselves as development actors in the form of associations and nongovernmental organizations, resulting in further support from the Foundation. The study contributes to our understanding of donor-local actor dynamics by highlighting the gaps between the original goals of a donor and the perspectives and motivations of local actors. The study suggests that local dynamics may influence the goals of donors and the ways they seek to disseminate development discourses and practices to local actors, despite the common conception of donors as hegemonic or culturally imperialistic.
Synthesis and Properties of Highly Efficient Thermoelectric Materials Based on Lead Telluride with Antimony and Silver Impurity
Authors: Freik D. M. , Mudriy S. І. , Kriskov Ts. A. , Gorіchok І. V. , Matkіvsky O. M. , Semko T. O.
Published: March 2016

The paper presents the results of research of X-ray diffraction and thermoelectric parameters (thermoelectric coefficient α, electrical conductivity σ and thermal conductivity coefficient k) of materials based on Lead Telluride: PbTe, PbTe:Sb, PbTe-Sb2Te3, Pb18Ag1Sb1Te20, Pb18Ag2Te20 and PbTe-Ag2Te. Established that the highest values of thermoelectric figure of merit have samples of PbTe:Sb (0,3 at.%) and system Pb18Ag1Sb1Te20, Pb18Ag2Te20. For PbTe:Sb is due to a significant increase of the electrical conductivity. For the other two materials is due to a increase the thermoelectric coefficient and a significant decrease of thermal conductivity compared to pure PbTe.
Specific Capacitance Characteristics of Carbons, Activated by Potassium Hydroxide
Authors: Budzulyak I. M. , Rachiy B. I. , Vashchynsky V. M. , Berkeschuk M. V.
Published: March 2016

This work is devoted to the study of the charge accumulation in the electric double layer on the polarized electrode of the electrochemical systems. A series of samples of the nanoporous carbon material obtained from natural raw materials. In order to improve its performance it has been made the modification of porous structure of the samples by thermal and chemical treatment. As an activator potassium hydroxide was used. Determination of the specific characteristics of ultracapacitors was conducted in a two-electrode cells by potentiodynamic and galvanostatic methods. The pore formation process was studied by simultaneous thermoanalyzer STA 449 F3 Jupiter. It is shown that the resulting materials have high values of capacitance, which is realized by charge accumulation in the electric double layer, the pseudocapacitance contribution is absent. The optimal modes of carbonization and chemical activation were defined. The dependence of specific characteristics on the modification mode has explained. It is shown that almost all the samples are highly resistant in a wide range of current densities.
Drought and extreme temperature tolerance for Tillandsia dasyliriifolia, an epiphytic bromeliad from the northern coastal dune scrubland in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Castillo Raiza J. , Cervera J. Carlos , Navarro-Alberto Jorge
Published: March 2016

The ecophysiological investigations about epiphytic plants have focused on the establishment of mechanistic explanations of how plants respond to changes in their environment. The main objective of this work was to assess the drought and extreme temperature tolerance of Tillandsia dasyliriifolia individuals growing in two coastal dune scrub sites with different precipitation patterns and microhabitat distribution. This study was focused on the effect of plant size on tolerance parameters. Drought and extreme temperature tolerance were evaluated in small (S1, 9 cm) and large individuals (S2, 35 cm). Tolerance between sites was not different but varied between size classes. Tillandsia dasyliriifolia shows moderate tolerance to drought in comparison to more succulent plants. The 50% of the leaves in small plants died after 40 days of drought and after 60 days for large plants. T. dasyliriifolia also exhibits moderate tolerance to extreme temperatures tolerance, small plants tolerate a temperature range from 11 ºC to 40 ºC and the range for large plants is a little broader (9 °C to 43 °C).
Diferenças de cultura entre instituições de ensino superior público e privado: um estudo de caso
Authors: Ferreira Aristides Isidoro , Hill Manuela Magalhães
Published: March 2016

A presente investigação tem por objectivo verificar se existem diferenças de cultura entre duas instituições de ensino superior: uma do sector privado e outra do sector público. Procura-se verificar uma maior tendência das universidades privadas por uma abordagem no Modelo de Regulação por Mecanismos de Mercado (Correia, Amaral & Magalhães, 2002). Espera-se, neste sentido, que a instituição privada possua uma orientação de cultura mais vocacionada para o exterior e a universidade pública, possuindo maior dependência do estado, assuma uma maior propensão para os processos internos. Este estudo integrou uma metodologia quantitativa, com a utilização de um questionário baseado no Modelo dos Valores Contrastantes de Quinn e McGrath (1985). O questionário foi devidamente adaptado para medir a dimensão cultura escolar. Por outro lado, recorreu-se a uma metodologia qualitativa, com a utilização de um guião de entrevista estruturado, baseado nos modelos teóricos de cultura organizacional e escolar (Bergquist, 1992; Quinn, 1991; Schein, 1992; Torres, 1997). O questionário foi aplicado a 62 colaboradores da universidade pública e 52 colaboradores do sector privado. Aplicou-se também um conjunto de 10 entrevistas, na instituição de ensino superior público, e 8 entrevistas, na instituição de ensino superior privado. Os resultados revelaram valores médios de cultura superiores na universidade privada, contudo, as diferenças significativas (p<0,05) demonstraram uma maior orientação para o mercado, enquanto padrão de cultura marcadamente assumido no ensino superior privado. O estudo revelou ainda uma maior preocupação burocrática (p<0,05) na universidade privada, com referência às regras e padrões de comunicação formais. A universidade pública denotou, por intermédio da análise discriminante, uma maior aproximação a culturas do tipo Clã. Esta medida foi interpretada pela forma informal com que os diversos agentes escolares interagem entre si.Verificou-se ainda alguma intenção das chefias de ambas as instituições de ensino superior em evoluir para padrões de flexibilização nos procedimentos de desenvolvimento de novos produtos de ensino.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i1.354
A qualidade do intercâmbio líder-membro (LMX) e o clima psicológico: Uma análise longitudinal das suas relações recíprocas
Authors: Tondera Nuria , Peiró José M. , López José Ramos , González-Romá Vicente
Published: March 2016

Embora a relação entre o clima e a liderança esteja presente em diferentes abordagens teóricas, existe pouca investigação que contribua para compreender o processo de desenvolvimento de ambos os fenómenos de um modo integrado. Kozlowski e Doherty (1989) desenvolvem uma abordagem para a formação do clima organizacional, com a qual integram a teoria do intercâmbio líder-membro (LMX) e propõem um modelo teórico em que especificam os mecanismos que agem no desenvolvimento de ambos os constructos. A ausência de estudos longitudinais impede a análise das relações causais entre ambos os constructos. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é analisar uma série de hipóteses de causalidade recíproca entre a qualidade LMX e o clima psicológico através de um estudo longitudinal. Os resultados mostraram a existência de relações entre ambos os constructos ao longo do tempo, embora não sejam apoiadas as hipóteses de relação recíproca.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i1.356
Experiência prévia e eficácia grupal percebida perante dilemas sociais
Authors: Tabernero Carmen , Arenas Alicia , Briones Elena
Published: March 2016

Actualmente, as organizações geram numerosas situações de interdependência nas quais os indivíduos procuram maximizar os seus benefícios pessoais em detrimento do colectivo a que pertencem. Os contextos que fomentam a competição fazem com que as pessoas tenham que enfrentar dilemas sociais semelhantes aos que se abordam em outras ciências, como a economia, a evolução, os estudos de populações, o meio ambiente, a ecologia e o desenho urbanístico. Por esta razão, os investigadores denominaram o estudo deste tipo de comportamento como a Psicologia do Compartir. Quando um grupo de pessoas tem de  compartir um número limitado de recursos, existe uma tendência para actuar de uma maneira auto-suficiente, mesmo sabendo que a cooperação mútua poderia levar a um benefício para mais pessoas. Neste estudo pretendemos analisar algumas variáveis que ajudam a construir um sentimento de cooperação perante dilemas sociais. Numa amostra de 108 estudantes universitários (distribuídos em 36 grupos) que participaram na resolução de diferentes tarefas de negociação e tomada de decisão, ao longo de vários meses de trabalho em equipa, avaliámos os processos de auto-regulação do grupo (eficácia grupal percebida, metas grupais, estado afectivo grupal). Posteriormente, pedimos a cada grupo que resolvesse uma tarefa de dilema social: the tragedy of the commons. Numa primeira fase, as equipas deviam resolver a tarefa num contexto virtual. Numa segunda fase, cada membro do grupo devia mostrar as suas escolhas ao resto dos companheiros durante várias decisões consecutivas. Os resultados mostraram que aqueles indivíduos cujos grupos desenvolvem um estratégia inicial de cooperação e mantêm um juízo elevado de eficácia grupal percebida tomam decisões de forma cooperativa. Estes resultados trazem novos desenvolvimentos para a intervenção para enfrentar situações de competição e dilemas sociais: construir programas de formação que facilitem situações de cooperação para gerar eficácia grupal e melhorar o desempenho.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i1.358
Uma taxinomia dos medos colectivos
Authors: Rouquette Michel-Louis
Published: March 2016

O presente artigo propõe uma taxinomia dos medos colectivos a parir da composição de dois critérios: por um lado, as “razões” percepcionadas da origem de um objecto de medo (origem humana versus não humana, intencional ou não); por outro lado, os tipos de locais onde o medo se manifesta (por finalidade, por inspiração, por natureza, por ocasião). Obtemos assim uma tipologia de 4x4 configurações. A distância formal entre estas configurações tomadas duas a duas poderá fornecer um referencial estável para os futuros estudos empíricos.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i2.364
Insegurança e convivência urbana. O caso de duas localidades mexicanas: México e Querétaro
Authors: Contreras Rebeca , Moser Gabriel , Savina Yannick
Published: March 2016

O presente artigo analisa a relação entre a percepção de insegurança urbana e de uma vila provincial, Querétaro. Os participantes eram entrevistados nas suas residências. A cidade de México é percepcionada como pouco segura e difícil de viver, enquanto Querétaro está vista como uma vila tranquila e amigável. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura urbana e a insegurança têm pouca influência sobre o modo de vida dos habitantes dos bairros populares. Os habitantes dos bairros mais ricos diferenciam-se em práticas de convivência. Enquanto, na cidade de México, a participação pública é baixa e as relações de vizinhança são pouco intensas, na Querétaro, a participação local é elevada e os vizinhos encontram-se muito nas ruas. Na cidade de México, a sociabilidade é organizada e planificada e as pessoas encontram-se essencialmente nos bares e noutros espaços públicos. A falta de convivência pública nos bairros favorecidos desta cidade parece estar relacionada tanto com os efeitos das condições de vida metropolitana, como com a insegurança urbana. A focalização sobre o próprio, a indiferença relativa aos outros, a falta de implicação na vida do bairro são, com efeito, comportamentos típicos dos habitantes das grandes sociedades.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i2.367