bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single trajectory transport coefficients and the energy landscape by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Heyes D. M. , Dini D. , Smith E. R.
Published: May 2020

The Green–Kubo (GK) method is widely used to calculate the transport coefficients of model liquids by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. A reformulation of GK was proposed by Heyes et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 150, 174504 (2019)], which expressed the shear viscosity in terms of a probability distribution function (PDF) of “single trajectory (ST) viscosities,” called “viscuits.” This approach is extended here to the bulk viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficient. The PDFs of the four STs expressed in terms of their standard deviations (calculated separately for the positive and negative sides) are shown by MD to be statistically the same for the Lennard-Jones fluid. This PDF can be represented well by a sum of exponentials and is independent of system size and state point in the equilibrium fluid regime. The PDF is not well reproduced by a stochastic model. The PDF is statistically the same as that derived from the potential energy, u, and other thermodynamic quantities, indicating that the transport coefficients are determined quantitatively by and follow closely the time evolution of the underlying energy landscape. The PDFs of out-of-equilibrium supercooled high density states are quite different from those of the equilibrium states.
CP2K: An electronic structure and molecular dynamics software package - Quickstep: Efficient and accurate electronic structure calculations
Authors: Kühne Thomas D. , Iannuzzi Marcella , Del Ben Mauro , Rybkin Vladimir V. , Seewald Patrick , Stein Frederick , Laino Teodoro , Khaliullin Rustam Z. , Schütt Ole , Schiffmann Florian , Golze Dorothea , Wilhelm Jan , Chulkov Sergey , Bani-Hashemian Mohammad Hossein , Weber Valéry , Borštnik Urban , Taillefumier Mathieu , Jakobovits Alice Shoshana , Lazzaro Alfio , Pabst Hans , Müller Tiziano , Schade Robert , Guidon Manuel , Andermatt Samuel , Holmberg Nico , Schenter Gregory K. , Hehn Anna , Bussy Augustin , Belleflamme Fabian , Tabacchi Gloria , Glöß Andreas , Lass Michael , Bethune Iain , Mundy Christopher J. , Plessl Christian , Watkins Matt , VandeVondele Joost , Krack Matthias , Hutter Jürg
Published: May 2020

CP2K is an open source electronic structure and molecular dynamics software package to perform atomistic simulations of solid-state, liquid, molecular, and biological systems. It is especially aimed at massively parallel and linear-scaling electronic structure methods and state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Excellent performance for electronic structure calculations is achieved using novel algorithms implemented for modern high-performance computing systems. This review revisits the main capabilities of CP2K to perform efficient and accurate electronic structure simulations. The emphasis is put on density functional theory and multiple post–Hartree–Fock methods using the Gaussian and plane wave approach and its augmented all-electron extension.
Positron orbit effects during injection and confinement in a magnetic dipole trap
Authors: Nißl S. , Stenson E. V. , Hergenhahn U. , Horn-Stanja J. , Sunn Pedersen T. , Saitoh H. , Hugenschmidt C. , Singer M. , Stoneking M. R. , Danielson J. R.
Published: May 2020

Lossless injection of positrons into a magnetic dipole trap and their subsequent confinement have been demonstrated. Here, we investigate by numerical single-particle simulations how the radial distribution of positrons in the trap is affected by the measurement itself, the choice of injection parameters, the asymmetry of the electric potential, and by elastic collisions. The results are compared to experimental data. A comprehensive understanding of these effects is a milestone on the road to creating an electron–positron plasma in a trap with a levitating superconducting coil.
A mixed radial, angular, three-body distribution function as a tool for local structure characterization: Application to single-component structures
Authors: Sukhomlinov Sergey V. , Müser Martin H.
Published: May 2020

A mixed radial, angular three-body distribution function g3(rBC, θABC) is introduced, which allows the local atomic order to be more easily characterized in a single graph than with conventional correlation functions. It can be defined to be proportional to the probability of finding an atom C at a distance rBC from atom B while making an angle θABC with atoms A and B, under the condition that atom A is the nearest neighbor of B. As such, our correlation function contains, for example, the likelihood of angles formed between the nearest and the next-nearest-neighbor bonds. To demonstrate its use and usefulness, a visual library for many one-component crystals is produced first and then employed to characterize the local order in a diverse body of elemental condensed-matter systems. Case studies include the analysis of a grain boundary, several liquids (argon, copper, and antimony), and polyamorphism in crystalline and amorphous silicon including that obtained in a tribological interface.
Air-transfer production method for large-area picosecond photodetectors
Authors: Angelico E. , Elagin A. , Frisch H. J. , Spieglan E. , Adams B. W. , Foley M. R. , Minot M. J.
Published: May 2020

We have designed and prototyped the process steps for the batch production of large-area micro-channel-plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMT) using the “air-transfer” assembly process developed with single LAPPDTM modules. Results are presented addressing the challenges of designing a robust package that can transmit large numbers of electrical signals for pad or strip readout from inside the vacuum tube and of hermetically sealing the large-perimeter window–body interface. We have also synthesized a photocathode in a large-area low-aspect-ratio volume and have shown that the micro-channel plates recover their functionality after cathode synthesis. These steps inform a design for a multi-module batch facility employing dual nested low-vacuum and ultra-high-vacuum systems in a small-footprint. The facility design provides full access to multiple MCP-PMT modules prior to hermetic pinch-off for leak-checking and real-time photocathode optimization.
Exciton localization in tubular molecular aggregates: Size effects and optical response
Authors: Bondarenko Anna S. , Jansen Thomas L. C. , Knoester Jasper
Published: May 2020

We study the exciton localization and resulting optical response for disordered tubular aggregates of optically active molecules. It has previously been shown that such tubular structures allow for excitons delocalized over more than a thousand molecules, owing to the combined effects of long-range dipole–dipole interactions and the higher-dimensional (not truly one-dimensional) nature of the aggregate. Such large delocalization sizes prompt the question to what extent in experimental systems the delocalization may still be determined by the aggregate size (diameter and length) and how this affects the aggregate’s optical response and dynamics. We perform a systematic study of the size effects on the localization properties using numerical simulations of the exciton states in a cylindrical model structure inspired by the previously derived geometry of a cylindrical aggregate of cyanine dye molecules (C8S3). To characterize the exciton localization, we calculate the participation ratio and the autocorrelation function of the exciton wave function. We also calculate the density of states and absorption spectrum. We find strong effects of the tube’s radius on the localization and optical properties in the range of parameters relevant to the experiment. In addition, surprisingly, we find that even for tubes as long as 750 nm, the localization size is limited by the tube’s length for disorder values that are relevant to experimental circumstances, while observable effects of the tube’s length in the absorption spectrum still occur for tube lengths up to about 150 nm. The latter may explain the changes in the optical spectra observed during the aging process of bromine-substituted C8S3 aggregates. For weak disorder, the exciton wave functions exhibit a scattered, fractal-like nature, similar to the quasi-particles in two-dimensional disordered systems.
Solid and hollow metallic glass microneedles for transdermal drug-delivery
Authors: Hu Zhonglue , Meduri Chandra S. , Ingrole Rohan S. J. , Gill Harvinder S. , Kumar Golden
Published: May 2020

Metallic microneedles are attractive for painless transdermal drug-delivery. However, fabrication techniques for metal microneedles are often complex and multi-step. In this study, a scalable manufacturing of metallic microneedle arrays is presented using thermoplastic drawing of metallic glasses. Microneedles with tunable lengths and tips are produced by controlling the rheology and fracture of metallic glass. The same drawing process can generate solid and hollow microneedles simply by varying the thickness of metallic glass. The mechanism of thickness dependent transition from solid to hollow profiles is described by the viscous buckling of metallic liquid. In vitro skin insertion tests demonstrate that both solid and hollow metallic glass microneedles can pierce porcine skin and deliver model drugs.
Identification of the Jahn–Teller active trichlorosiloxy (SiCl3O) free radical in the gas phase
Authors: Smith Tony C. , Clouthier Dennis J.
Published: May 2020

The Ã2A1–X̃2E electronic transition of the jet-cooled trichlorosiloxy (SiCl3O) free radical has been observed for the first time in the 650–590 nm region by laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The radical was produced by a pulsed electric discharge through a mixture of silicon tetrachloride and oxygen in high pressure argon at the exit of a pulsed molecular beam valve. The LIF spectrum shows low frequency intervals, which we assign as activity in the normally forbidden degenerate v5′ and v6′ modes, indicative of a significant Jahn–Teller effect in the ground state. Single vibronic level emission spectra show level dependent spin–orbit splittings in the ground state and Jahn–Teller predictable variations depending on which upper state level is pumped. The measured lower state energy levels have been fitted to a Jahn–Teller model that simultaneously includes spin–orbit coupling and linear and quadratic multimode coupling. In SiCl3O, the Jahn–Teller interaction predominates over spin–orbit effects.
Linear surface gravity waves on current for a general inertial viewer
Authors: Kouskoulas David M. , Toledo Yaron
Published: May 2020

Marine measurement instrumentation, such as free-floating wave buoys, drones, and autonomous unmanned vehicles, often propagates in different directions and velocities relative to the fluid and waves. Convention assumes that these different instrumentations provide Galilean invariant descriptions of the wave field. Herein, it is shown that Galilean invariance exists for the water wave problem only in a restricted sense. The impact of this loss of invariance is investigated using a new formulation of the water wave problem, which is generalized for both current and an arbitrary inertial viewer. In the still water limit, the boundary value problem is shown to be non-invariant under Galilean transformations. This impacts the dispersion relation and interpretation of measurements. It also explains the appearance of wave modes on current, which have no analogy on still water. These modes do not appear in a still water formulation because it is a degenerate representation exhibiting a loss of Galilean symmetries. The approach provides a more complete solution of the wave–current boundary value problem by making a clear distinction between current and viewer velocity effects. Numerical examples that demonstrate the importance of the results on calculating wave characteristics are given.
Split-TurboID enables contact-dependent proximity labeling in cells
Authors: Cho Kelvin F. , Branon Tess C. , Rajeev Sanjana , Svinkina Tanya , Udeshi Namrata D. , Thoudam Themis , Kwak Chulhwan , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Lee In-Kyu , Carr Steven A. , Ting Alice Y.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Most of the thousands of proteins that comprise a human cell have specific subcellular localization patterns essential for their function. “Proximity labeling” (PL) is a method for mapping the localization of endogenous cellular proteins on a proteome-wide scale. To improve the specificity and versatility of PL, we developed split-TurboID, a promiscuous biotinylating enzyme split into two inactive fragments. The fragments are coexpressed in cells and brought together by a drug, protein–protein interaction, or organelle contact to reconstitute TurboID enzymatic activity. We used split-TurboID to map the protein composition of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contact sites, which are essential for mitochondrial fission, lipid biosynthesis, and calcium signaling. For conditional or higher-specificity PL, split-TurboID may be a valuable tool for biological discovery.
An objective Bayesian analysis of life’s early start and our late arrival
Authors: Kipping David
Published: May 2020

Significance

Does life’s early emergence mean that it would reappear quickly if we were to rerun Earth’s clock? If the timescale for intelligence evolution is very slow, then a quick start to life is actually necessary for our existence—and thus does not necessarily mean it is a generally quick process. Employing objective Bayesianism and a uniform-rate process assumption, we use just the chronology of life’s appearance in the fossil record, that of ourselves, and Earth’s habitability window to infer the true underlying rates accounting for this subtle selection effect. Our results find betting odds of >3:1 that abiogenesis is indeed a rapid process versus a slow and rare scenario, but 3:2 odds that intelligence may be rare.
Transition between solid and liquid state of yield-stress fluids under purely extensional deformations
Authors: Varchanis Stylianos , Haward Simon J. , Hopkins Cameron C. , Syrakos Alexandros , Shen Amy Q. , Dimakopoulos Yannis , Tsamopoulos John
Published: May 2020

Significance

The stress-induced transition from solid to liquid state is commonly referred to as “yielding.” Yield-stress materials, including pastes, muds, blood, crude oil, and condiments like mayonnaise, have solid-like properties at rest but can be made to yield and flow under sufficient applied stress. Despite their ubiquity and importance, the existing 100-y-old theory describing the behavior of such materials is only well verified under basic conditions of applied shear stress and assumes that the solid state is undeformable. Experiments and simulations conducted under pure extension provide fundamental information on the behavior of yield-stress materials and demand an overhaul of the current standard theory in order to account for material deformation in the solid-like state prior to yielding and flow.
Oscillating collective motion of active rotors in confinement
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhu Hongwei , Zeng Ying , Du Guangle , Ning Luhui , Wang Dunyou , Chen Ke , Lu Ying , Zheng Ning , Ye Fangfu , Yang Mingcheng
Published: May 2020

Significance

The exploration of chiral active matter composed of self-spinning objects, which breaks both parity and time-reversal symmetries, is an exciting and rapidly developing area. A particularly interesting phenomenon of chiral active matter is the emergence of a spontaneous unidirectional collective edge flow in confinement, with potentials for robust material transport. This unique feature has generally been discussed in the context of incompressible and structureless homogeneous fluid. Here, we show that confinement-induced nonuniform distribution of spinners greatly influences the edge flow, causing a spatially oscillatory pattern. Moreover, as the structure of the active media varies, different collective modes emerge. These findings significantly advance our understanding of collective behavior of chiral active matter in confinement.
Scaling of relaxation and excess entropy in plastically deformed amorphous solids
Authors: Galloway K. Lawrence , Ma Xiaoguang , Keim Nathan C. , Jerolmack Douglas J. , Yodh Arjun G. , Arratia Paulo E.
Published: May 2020

Significance

When stressed sufficiently, many solids plastically deform and flow. This plastic deformation induces irreversible structural changes, which are sometimes used in practice to manipulate microstructure of materials to achieve desired mechanical properties. Unfortunately, our limited fundamental understanding of the interdependence of plastic flow and microstructure represents a design barrier for improvement of strength, hardness, and ductility in amorphous solids, where constituent particles are haphazardly arranged. Here, we study plastic flow and its influence on the microstructure of disordered colloidal solids. Video images, with single-particle resolution, reveal connections between bulk mechanical response and microstructure during plastic deformation. Specifically, structural relaxation induced by plastic flow depends on strain rate at earlier times and predicts microscopic structural features at later times.
Cognitive and brain development is independently influenced by socioeconomic status and polygenic scores for educational attainment
Authors: Judd Nicholas , Sauce Bruno , Wiedenhoeft John , Tromp Jeshua , Chaarani Bader , Schliep Alexander , van Noort Betteke , Penttilä Jani , Grimmer Yvonne , Insensee Corinna , Becker Andreas , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L. W. , Quinlan Erin Burke , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean-Luc , Paillère Martinot Marie-Laure , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos Orfanos Dimitri , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Millenet Sabina , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Garavan Hugh , Klingberg Torkel
Published: May 2020

Significance

The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities on brain and cognitive development is a hotly debated topic. However, previous studies have not considered that genetic factors overlap with SES. Here we show that SES and EduYears-PGS (a score from thousands of genetic markers for educational attainment) have independent associations with both cognition and global cortical surface area in adolescents. EduYears-PGS also had a localized association in the brain: the intraparietal sulcus, a region related to nonverbal intelligence. In contrast, SES had global, but not regional, associations, and these persisted throughout adolescence. This suggests that the influence of SES inequalities is widespread—a result that opposes the current paradigm and can help inform policies in education.
New spatial analyses of Australian wildfires highlight the need for new fire, resource, and conservation policies
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Taylor Chris
Published: May 2020

Significance

Discussions after significant fire-related losses of life, property, and vegetation are often conducted in the absence of nuanced debates about climate, land, and resource management policy. Here we present the results of new spatial and temporal analyses of widespread current and previous fires in the Australian state of Victoria that highlight the need for major changes in policies associated with fire and land management. We found compelling evidence to support policy reforms that aim to reduce megafires, alter the mode of forest management, target the protection of key natural assets including unburnt areas, manage repeatedly damaged and potentially collapsed ecosystems, and expand the conservation estate. Our approach should have wide applicability to other jurisdictions confronting threats from widespread, recurrent wildfires.
Online peer feedback in second language Chinese writing
Authors: Xu Yi , Zhu Lin
Published: May 2020

Online peer feedback is advocated but not sufficiently used or researched in language classrooms, especially in
Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) context. There is not sufficient evidence on the relationship of peer feedback type and
revision, and controversies remain regarding learners’ perceptions of peer feedback, especially in terms of its trustworthiness.
This study examines the typology, uptake, and learner perceptions of online peer feedback in an advanced level CFL classroom.
Participants’ first drafts, feedback, and revisions in four writing assignments were analyzed and interviews were conducted.
Feedback was mostly given on vocabulary, grammar, and character. 70.9% of the corrective feedback led to successful revision, and
direct change, suggestion, and clarification most frequently led to
revision. Participants generally trusted peer feedback, while they were also autonomous in giving feedback and deciding on
uptakes. Learners’ positive perceptions include the comprehensibility of peer feedback and a sense of supportive community.
Research paper abstracts in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (1943–2018)
Authors: Méndez Alcaraz David Israel , Alcaraz Ariza María Ángeles
Published: May 2020

We report the findings of a diachronic study of 100 research paper abstracts published in four different periods (from
1943 to 2018) in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, one of the most prestigious astrophysics journals
written in English. Our main results show that research paper abstracts have evolved over time in the sense that they have become longer,
more informative and more precise. They also reveal an overall increase in the number of authors, active and modal verbs, self-mentions and compound groups per total number of words. Likewise, compound structures are becoming more and more complex. These outcomes
may be explained in terms of a rising collaboration scenario and an attempt to increase authors’ visibility.
Sluicing and sprouting in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Al Bukhari Juman
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates elliptical constructions sluicing and
sprouting in Jordanian Arabic (JA), and describes the structure of the sluice
clause, which depends on the type of wh-expressions on the one hand, and whether the
preposition at the sluice is pied-piped on the other hand. The central research
question is how such constructions are derived: via ordinary sluicing or via
pseudosluicing. Cases where a preposition is pied-piped with the
wh-word in the remnant require an ordinary sluicing analysis;
pied-piped PPs are not otherwise found in wh-clefts in JA. However,
in cases where a preposition is not pied-piped, the only possible underlying
derivation is pseudosluicing, with a wh-cleft structure. I also
discuss sprouting, in which the wh-word has no corresponding overt
correlate in the antecedent clause.
5-Keto-D-fructose production from sugar alcohol by isolated wild strain Gluconobacter frateurii CHM 43
Authors: Adachi Osao , Nguyen Thuy M , Hours Roque A , Kataoka Naoya , Matsushita Kazunobu , Akakabe Yoshihiko , Yakushi Toshiharu
Published: May 2020

Gluconobacter frateurii

CHM 43 have D-mannitol dehydrogenase (quinoprotein glycerol dehydrogenase) and flavoprotein D-fructose dehydrogenase in the membranes. When the two enzymes are functional, D-mannitol is converted to 5-keto-D-fructose with 65% yield when cultivated on D-mannitol. 5-Keto-D-fructose production with almost 100% yield was realized with the resting cells. The method proposed here should give a smart strategy for 5-keto-D-fructose production.
Spatial distribution and influencing factors of settlements in the farming–pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Peng Yu , Wang Qinghui
Published: May 2020

Rural settlements serve as an important part of the rural landscape, and environmental conditions influence their spatial distribution. We hypothesize that there are variations in the spatial patterns of settlements across different farming–pastoral ecotones that exist in accordance with different human activities and environmental conditions. We used remote sensing imagery, digital elevation model, and GIS technology to analyze and compare the spatial patterns of settlements and factors influencing these patterns across pastoral, agricultural, and ecotone areas in Inner Mongolia, China. A Voronoi model, adjacency analysis, landscape metrics, and quantitative analysis were conducted. The results indicated that (1) the settlements in the three areas tended to have a random spatial distribution, and although there were no significant differences between the settlement types, agricultural settlements tended to be clustered and pastoral settlements tended to be evenly distributed; (2) the pastoral area had only a few large and sparsely fragmented patches; (3) the factors influencing settlement distribution mainly differed with respect to the NDVI, distance to roads and rivers, and elevation across three areas, but the slope degree was similar. These results indicated there are no significant differences between the spatial patterns of settlements along the agricultural to pastoral gradient, although environmental conditions differ. Consequently, we can optimize the spatial pattern of settlements and achieve sustainable development within farming–pastoral ecotones.
Preliminary Study on Transmutation of Plutonium and Minor Actinides in Accelerator Driven System
Authors: Novita Jesy Sry , Asril Pramutadi AM , Waris Abdul
Published: May 2020

As a free CO2 emission energy source, nuclear energy can supply the world electricity for very long time, even for thousand years. However, to increase the public acceptance, nuclear spent fuel (high level nuclear waste) should be manage to minimize its radio-toxicity. There are several methods of processing nuclear spent fuel including geological repositories, reprocessing it to be used as fuel again or doing transmutation. In this preliminary study, the nuclear high level waste is transmuted by using an Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (ADS). ADS is a system consisting of a subcritical reactor core and a particle accelerator. Nuclear waste which will be transmuted is plutonium (Pu) and minor actinides (MA). Pu and MA are mixed in the ADS fuel that consists of U-ThO2(NO3)2, PuMA(NO3)4 dan HNO3. Two type of plutonium vectors have been evaluated, those are reactor grade Pu (RGPu) and weapon grade Pu (WGPu). The ADS can maintain it sub-criticality condition for RGPuMA and WGPuMA with the concentration of PuMA-Nitrate are above 62.6 kmol/m3 and 65.6 kmol/m3, respectively.
Investigation of structure and properties of welded joints of pipe steels
Authors: Ermakov B S , Khasanov A R , Khasanova E O
Published: May 2020

The work is devoted to the study of microstructure and crack resistance of welded joints of pipe materials of main gas and oil pipelines for the Far North regions. Reliable operation of pipelines in harsh climatic conditions of such regions can be provided by the use of materials that have a combination of high values of strength, toughness, cold resistance and weld ability. The results of studies of samples from large diameter pipes with an operating pressure of up to 7.4 MPa at test temperatures of -10 and -20 °C. are presented. These pipes are made of hot-rolled low-carbon low-alloy steel. Various welding methods were used to produce welded joints: high-frequency induction welding, multi-arc automatic welding, laser and hybrid welding. This allowed us to evaluate the influence of the heating and cooling rate during welding on the characteristics of the structural States of the weld, the fusion line, and the overheating area in the zone of thermal influence. It was revealed that a rough needle structure of Vidmanshtett is formed in the zone of overheating of the longitudinal seam at a high cooling rate. Using a low cooling rate allows you to get the Vidmanshtett structure within 2-3 points. It is shown that the crack resistance of the base metal of the pipes practically does not change with a decrease in the test temperature. The values of crack resistance for the metal of the zone of thermal influence have a large spread, which may be due to the influence of technological features of cooling the pipe billet after welding.
A study of recovery rheological properties of egg yolk after freezing in making table salt
Authors: Bobko A S , Bobko A L , Sergienko O I
Published: May 2020

We studied the effect of salt on the quality indicators of egg yolk at various storage temperatures (–6; –12 and –18 ° C) in order to determine the optimal storage parameters with minimal violation of its rheological properties. The object of study was an egg yolk made from standard five-day eggs of the first category, produced at the poultry farm in the Leningrad Region, and intended for the meat processing industry. The used salt met the requirements in accordance with GOST R 51574-2000. The yolk was frozen using shock freezing at a temperature of –35 ° C and an air velocity of 15 m/sec. It was stored in refrigerators at the temperatures of -6, –12 ° C for 10 months, and at –18 ° C for 12 months. After thawing, the viscosity of the yolk was determined on the Engler viscometer; using a laboratory pH meter, organoleptic indicators for compliance with the requirements specified in GOST 30363-2013 “Liquid and dry egg products. Technical conditions”. Tests were conducted in accordance with TR TS 021/2011 “On food safety”.
Synthesis and utilization of chitosan as edible coating material for natural fruit preservation
Authors: Andrijanto E , Reksa T , Maheda J , Diani R , Wahyu E
Published: May 2020

This study is to see the effect of edible coating such as chitosan to prevent fruits from ripening and to extend their shelf-life. Grape and tomato were used as samples and those were treated with chitosan solution at different concentration 1, 2 and 3%. The combination of 3% chitosan solution with polyphenol and ascorbic acid at different concentration were also studied. The shelf-life of the grape and tomato was improved almost 2.5 to 3 times longer using 3% chitosan solution compared to the uncoated grape used as blank. The shelf-life of grape is increased from 6 days to 16 days and tomato is enhanced from 4 days to 18 days by coating it with 3 % chitosan solution. The addition of polyphenol to the chitosan solution was slightly extending their shelf-life although it is not very significant. The results proved that the chitosan treatment into grape and tomato enhanced their shelf-life quite significantly and this material has potential to extend the shelf-life for other fruits and it can benefit for farmer.
Promoting tropical architecture by implementing design control in zoning regulation
Authors: Pradifta F S , Afiya I U
Published: May 2020

Globalization has led to uniformity in the city images. The ubiquitous “modern” buildings have dissociated the local climate and cultural context. Frampton’s Critical Regionalism postulate saw this phenomenon as the destruction of the creative nucleus of a great civilization and great culture. Postcolonial countries, like Indonesia which inherit colonial cities, facing issues to define their identity, namely in terms of performing Tropical Architecture principles and enforcing it institutionally. The private building’s architectural design is seen as a private domain that cannot be regulated, thus the building owner’s need to present themselves as a “modern and progressive” party shall not be restricted. This paper tries to examine how urban planning can help modern tropical city image actualization by implement supporting regulations. A qualitative approach with stakeholder analysis is conducted to seek the design control implementation opportunity by the municipal government that met with private interest. A content analysis of Landscaping for Urban Spaces and High-Rises (LUSH) Programme from Singapore’s Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) also studied as a success story. The result is that a design control, to achieve a more contextual approach in architecture design practice, could be performed with incentive and bonus schemes in the building permit process and zoning regulations.
Respiratory rate extraction based on plethysmographic wave analysis
Authors: Hadiyoso S , Dewi E M , Mengko T L E R , Zakaria H
Published: May 2020

Respiratory rate (RR) is one of the vital parameters of a person’s health. In certain conditions such as patients with respiratory problems or heart who are in the treatment room, respiratory rate monitoring is carried out continuously. In health care centers such as hospitals, RR measurements use a bed side monitor. However, this device is not yet widely available in small scale health services such as Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) because this device is expensive. One alternative for RR extraction is through plethysmographic wave analysis measured using a photopletismograph (PPG) device. This is based on the hypothesis that breathing affects the dynamics of PPG wave amplitude modulation so that by extracting this information we can know the respiratory rate. PPG devices are widely available in small health services because of their low prices. Meanwhile, PPG is only used to measure heart rate and oxygen saturation. In this study, a method for extracting RR information is proposed by analyzing PPG waves. Two methods, namely empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD), are applied to obtain respiratory oscillation information. The aim is to get the most optimum method for RR extraction. The performance test of the two proposed methods was carried out through time-frequency domain transformation using Fast Fourier Transform. The method used in this study is expected to be applied to conventional PPG devices.
Determining the changes in the Master Production Schedule (MPS) at the company with Make to Stock (MTS) and Make to Order (MTO) strategies
Authors: Amaranti R , Muhammad C R , Septandri M V
Published: May 2020

The master production schedule (MPS) planning is influenced by the manufacturing environment. Therefore, the process of MPS planning with make to stock (MTS) strategy will be different from make to order (MTO) strategy. The MPS is based on production capacity, changes in inventory of finished products, fluctuations in demand, efficiency and utility of production factors, and lot size. Companies with MTS strategies make production schedules based on estimated demand so that customer demand can be met from stock products. While companies with an MTO strategy make a production schedule after the order is received. This paper discusses how the time fence approach is used to change MPS for companies with the MTS and MTO strategies simultaneously. With the time fences approach, companies can determine when orders can be received or rejected by looking at the position of the order on the existing MPS. This paper describes a case of applying the time fences approach to determine the MPS changes in a garment company that produces bed covers sets as the MTS products and other products as MTO products. This paper also explains the procedures to determine changes in the MPS based on predetermined time fences.
Evaluation of MRI-derived surrogate signals to model respiratory motion
Authors: Tran Elena H , Eiben Björn , Wetscherek Andreas , Oelfke Uwe , Meedt Gustav , Hawkes David J , McClelland Jamie R
Published: May 2020

An MR-Linac can provide motion information of tumour and organs-at-risk before, during, and after beam delivery. However, MR imaging cannot provide real-time high-quality volumetric images which capture breath-to-breath variability of respiratory motion. Surrogate-driven motion models relate the motion of the internal anatomy to surrogate signals, thus can estimate the 3D internal motion from these signals. Internal surrogate signals based on patient anatomy can be extracted from 2D cine-MR images, which can be acquired on an MR-Linac during treatment, to build and drive motion models. In this paper we investigate different MRI-derived surrogate signals, including signals generated by applying principal component analysis to the image intensities, or control point displacements derived from deformable registration of the 2D cine-MR images. We assessed the suitability of the signals to build models that can estimate the motion of the internal anatomy, including sliding motion and breath-to-breath variability. We quantitatively evaluated the models by estimating the 2D motion in sagittal and coronal slices of 8 lung cancer patients, and comparing them to motion measurements obtained from image registration. For sagittal slices, using the first and second principal components on the control point displacements as surrogate signals resulted in the highest model accuracy, with a mean error over patients around 0.80 mm which was lower than the in-plane resolution. For coronal slices, all investigated signals except the skin signal produced mean errors over patients around 1 mm. These results demonstrate that surrogate signals derived from 2D cine-MR images, including those generated by applying principal component analysis to the image intensities or control point displacements, can accurately model the motion of the internal anatomy within a single sagittal or coronal slice. This implies the signals should also be suitable for modelling the 3D respiratory motion of the internal anatomy.
Dowker filters and Magidor forcing
Authors: Garti Shimon , Hayut Yair
Published: May 2020

We prove that the existence of a Dowker filter at

κ
+

\kappa ^+

, where

κ
\kappa

is regular and uncountable, is consistent with

2
κ

=

κ
+

2^\kappa =\kappa ^+

. We also prove the consistency of a Dowker filter at

μ
+

\mu ^+

where

μ
>
cf
(
μ
)
>
ω

\mu >\text {cf}(\mu )>\omega

. This can be forced with

2
μ

=

μ
+

2^\mu =\mu ^+

as well.
Relative Gromov–Witten invariants and the enumerative meaning of mirror maps for toric Calabi–Yau orbifolds
Authors: You Fenglong
Published: May 2020

We provide an enumerative meaning of the mirror maps for toric Calabi–Yau orbifolds in terms of relative Gromov–Witten invariants of the toric compactifications. As a consequence, we obtain an equality between relative Gromov–Witten invariants and open Gromov–Witten invariants. Therefore, the instanton corrected mirrors for toric Calabi–Yau orbifolds can be constructed using relative Gromov–Witten invariants.
Roles of Mso1 and the SM protein Sec1 in efficient vesicle fusion during fission yeast cytokinesis
Authors: Gerien Kenneth S. , Zhang Sha , Russell Alexandra C. , Zhu Yi-Hua , Purde Vedud , Wu Jian-Qiu
Published: May 2020

Mso1 and the SM protein Sec1 aid in the efficient fusion of vesicles at the division site in fission yeast, which is important for proper contractile-ring constriction and plasma-membrane closure during cytokinesis.
Effect of intravenous iron on functional outcomes in hip fracture: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bielza Rafael , Llorente Jesús , Thuissard Israel J , Andreu-Vázquez Cristina , Blanco David , Sanjurjo Jorge , López Néstor , Herráez María Regina , Molano Cristina , Morales Adoración , Arias Estefanía , Neira Marta , Lung Ana , Escalera Javier , Portillo Laura , Larrubia Yolanda , García Cristina , Zambrana Francisco , Gómez Cerezo Jorge
Published: May 2020

Objectives

to determine the safety and effect of intravenous iron sucrose on functional outcomes, delirium, nosocomial infections and transfusion requirements in older patients with hip fracture.

Design

single-centre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Setting and participants

orthogeriatric share care service at an academic tertiary care hospital. A total of 253 patients were recruited: 126 patients were assigned to intravenous iron and 127 to placebo.

Methods

on days 1, 3 and 5 after admission, the iron group received 200 mg Venofer® (iron sucrose) in 100 ml saline and the placebo group 100 ml saline. The primary outcome was absolute functional gain, considered as Barthel index (BI) at discharge minus BI on admission. Secondary outcomes included incidence of postoperative delirium according to the confusion assessment method, proportion of patients recovering prior functional status at 3 months, postoperative transfusion requirements, haemoglobin at 3 months, incidence of nosocomial infections and safety.

Results

the median participant age was 87 (interquartile range, 82.5–91.5) years. Most patients were female (72.7%), and the median previous BI was 81(59–95). No significant effect of intravenous iron was observed for the primary outcome: the median AFG score was 17.1 points (4.8–23.3) in the intravenous iron group and 16 points (6–26) in the placebo group (P = 0.369). No significant treatment effects were observed for other functional outcomes or secondary end points.

Conclusion

while we found no impact of intravenous iron sucrose on functional recovery, incidence of postoperative delirium, transfusion requirements, haemoglobin at 3 months, mortality and nosocomial infections rates in older patients with hip fracture, we did find that the intervention was safe.
Characteristics of postgraduate year 2 ambulatory care pharmacy residency programs in the United States
Authors: Musch Kellie L E , Schreck Tara E , Casper Kristin A , Rodis Jennifer L
Published: May 2020

Purpose

A survey was conducted to evaluate the characteristics and structures of postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) ambulatory care pharmacy residency programs in the United States. The survey results can serve as a guide for current and newly emerging programs.

Methods

A 24-question survey was sent to 138 US PGY2 residency program directors (RPDs) in February 2017 to identify key program characteristics, including program type (single-site or multisite), primary practice site, number of residents, length and type of rotations, staffing requirements, additional residency activities, precepting and teaching opportunities, RPD training and credentials, and number and qualifications of preceptors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the findings.

Results

A 40.6% response rate was achieved. Well over half (57%) of programs had been established within the preceding 5 years. A majority of RPDs reported that their program had 1 (53%) or 2 residents (31%) and/or was a single-site program (80%). Overall, 44 different types of rotations or experiences were offered by the programs. All surveyed programs offered additional teaching opportunities. There were no formal staffing duties in 29% of programs; professional organization membership and conference attendance were highly encouraged but typically not required of residents. Qualifications of the RPD and preceptors closely mirrored those delineated in residency accreditation standards.

Conclusion

There is an increased need for specialized training in ambulatory care in order to prepare pharmacists for the changing landscape in healthcare. The profession is adapting to this need, as evidenced by the rapid growth of PGY2 ambulatory care residency programs. Understanding characteristics can benefit continued growth to meet the needs of the profession.
Effect of tranexamic acid administration time on blood product use in urban trauma patients
Authors: Tencza Elizabeth , Harrell Andrew J , Sarangarm Preeyaporn
Published: May 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of time to tranexamic acid administration on blood product usage in trauma patients and to assess the potential benefit of initiating a protocol for field administration by ground ambulance personnel.

Methods

Adult patients with traumatic injuries who received 1 g of tranexamic acid during the period January 2014 through June 2016 were retrospectively identified via review of automated dispensing cabinet and electronic medical record data and cross-referencing with the New Mexico Trauma Registry. Exclusion criteria included tranexamic acid use for nontrauma indications, previous admission for trauma during the study period, and a lack of pertinent information regarding the time, type, or severity of trauma in available records. The primary outcome was blood product use (aggregate of units of platelets, packed red blood cells [pRBCs], and fresh frozen plasma [FFP]) in the first 24 hours of hospital admission.

Results

The analysis included 107 patient cases, with a median transport time of 20 minutes (range, 7-103 minutes); 73% of reported transport times were less than 30 minutes. All patients received a loading dose of tranexamic acid in the hospital, with the exception of 2 patients who received tranexamic acid in the field. Administration of a tranexamic acid loading dose was documented within 3 hours for 90.7% of patients, with a mean time to administration of 91.9 minutes. A mean (SD) total of 14.8 (16.0) units of blood products (range, 0-91 units) were administered, consisting of a mean (SD) of 8.0 (8.4) units of pRBCs (range, 0-48 units), 5.6 (7.5) units of FFP (range, 0-38 units), and 1.2 (1.7) units of platelets (range, 0-7 units). Time to tranexamic acid administration did not affect blood product usage in the first 24 hours of admission after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion

Earlier administration of tranexamic acid was not associated with a decrease in use of blood products. This finding, paired with the relatively short ground transport times typical for our institution, makes it unlikely that field administration of tranexamic acid would benefit the evaluated patient population.
Differential regulatory pathways associated with drought-inhibition and post-drought recuperation of rhizome development in perennial grass
Authors: Ma Xiqing , Yu Jingjin , Zhuang Lili , Shi Yi , Meyer William , Huang Bingru
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims

Rhizomes are key organs for the establishment of perennial grass stands and adaptation to environmental stress. However, mechanisms regulating rhizome initiation and elongation under drought stress and during post-drought recovery remain unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate molecular factors and metabolic processes involved in drought effects and post-drought recovery in rhizome growth in perennial grass species by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling.

Methods

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (B-type rhizome genotype, ‘BR’) plants were exposed to drought stress and re-watering in growth chambers. The number and length of rhizomes were measured following drought stress and re-watering. Hormone and sugar contents were analysed, and transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify metabolic factors, genes and proteins associated with rhizome development.

Key Results

Rhizome initiation and elongation were inhibited by drought stress, and were associated with increases in the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and soluble sugars, but declines in the contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and gibberellin (GA4). Genes involved in multiple metabolic processes and stress defence systems related to rhizome initiation exhibited different responses to drought stress, including ABA signalling, energy metabolism and stress protection. Drought-inhibition of rhizome elongation could be mainly associated with the alteration of GA4 and antioxidants contents, energy metabolism and stress response proteins. Upon re-watering, new rhizomes were regenerated from rhizome nodes previously exposed to drought stress, which was accompanied by the decline in ABA content and increases in IAA, ZR and GA4, as well as genes and proteins for auxin, lipids, lignin and nitrogen metabolism.

Conclusions

Drought-inhibition of rhizome initiation and elongation in tall fescue was mainly associated with adjustments in hormone metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and stress-defence systems. Rhizome regeneration in response to re-watering involved reactivation of hormone and lipid metabolism, secondary cell-wall development, and nitrogen remobilization and cycling.