bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aminolysis-mediated single-step surface functionalization of poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles for ultrasound molecular imaging
Authors: Chen Junlin , Wang Bi , Dasgupta Anshuman , Porte Céline , Eckardt Lisa , Qi Jinwei , Weiler Marek , Lammers Twan , Rix Anne , Shi Yang , Kiessling Fabian
Published: September 2024

Molecular ultrasound imaging with actively targeted microbubbles (MB) proved promising in preclinical studies but its clinical translation is limited. To achieve this, it is essential that the actively targeted MB can be produced with high batch-to-batch reproducibility with a controllable and defined number of binding ligands on the surface. In this regard, poly (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA)-based polymeric MB have been used for US molecular imaging, however, ligand coupling was mostly done via hydrolysis and carbodiimide chemistry, which is a multi-step procedure with poor reproducibility and low MB yield. Herein, we developed a single-step coupling procedure resulting in high MB yields with minimal batch-to-batch variation. Actively targeted PBCA-MB were generated using an aminolysis protocol, wherein amine-containing cRGD was added to the MB using lithium methoxide as a catalyst. We confirmed the successful conjugation of cRGD on the MB surface, while preserving their structure and acoustic signal. Compared to the conventional hydrolysis protocol, aminolysis resulted in higher MB yields and better reproducibility of coupling efficiency. Optical imaging revealed that under flow conditions, cRGD- and rhodamine-labelled MB, generated by aminolysis, specifically bind to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) activated endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, US molecular imaging demonstrated a markedly higher binding of the cRGD-MB than of control MB in TNF-α activated mouse aortas and 4T1 tumors in mice. Thus, using the aminolysis based conjugation approach, important refinements on the production of cRGD-MB could be achieved that will facilitate the production of clinical-scale formulations with excellent binding and ultrasound imaging performance.

Graphical Abstract
Swiss ichthyosaurs: a review
Authors: Klug Christian , Sivgin Timur , Miedema Feiko , Scheffold Beat , Reisdorf Achim G. , Stössel Iwan , Maxwell Erin E. , Scheyer Torsten M.
Published: September 2024

Switzerland is an ichthyosaur country: it has a rich record of marine reptile fossils, particularly the fish-shaped ichthyosaurs, and the according research. Here, we provide an overview over the 12 or more genera and at least 13 species plus numerous fragmentary remains of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic to the Cretaceous that have been discovered in twelve cantons thus far, of which four species are based on Swiss holotypes. This wealth of ichthyosaur species can be explained by their abundance in the Middle Triassic conservation deposits (Konservat Lagerstätte) of Monte San Giorgio, as well as occasional discoveries in strata of Middle Triassic to Early Cretaceous age. The moderate abundance of outcrops in reasonable conditions in combination with the long history of palaeontological research in Switzerland explains this good fossil record. In addition to this unique overview, we provide more data for further studies and update the knowledge of these taxa.
Dietary Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal barrier function damage by promoting expression of tight junction proteins via the A20/NF-κB p65/MMP-2 pathway in the jejunum of broilers
Authors: Hu Yangyang , Zhang Weiyun , Yang Ke , Lin Xi , Liu Hsiao-Ching , Odle Jack , See Miles Todd , Cui Xiaoyan , Li Tingting , Wang Shengchen , Liao Xiudong , Zhang Liyang , Li Sufen , Hu Yun , Luo Xugang
Published: September 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to determine whether and how Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Zn-Prot M) can alleviate heat stress (HS)-induced intestinal barrier function damage of broilers. A completely randomized design was used for comparatively testing the effects of Zn proteinate on HS and non-HS broilers. Under high temperature (HT), a 1 (Control, HT-CON) + 2 (Zn source) × 2 (added Zn level) factorial arrangement of treatments was used. The 2 added Zn sources were Zn-Prot M and Zn sulfate (ZnS), and the 2 added Zn levels were 30 and 60 mg/kg. Under normal temperature (NT), a CON group (NT-CON) and pair-fed group (NT-PF) were included.

Results

The results showed that HS significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1, occludin, junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAMA), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and zinc finger protein A20 (A20) in the jejunum, and HS also remarkably increased serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D), endotoxin and interleukin (IL)-1β contents, serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activities, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 mRNA expression level, and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the jejunum. However, dietary supplementation with Zn, especially organic Zn as Zn-Prot M at 60 mg/kg, significantly decreased serum FITC-D, endotoxin and IL-1β contents, serum DAO and MMP-2 activities, NF-κB p65 mRNA expression level, and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the jejunum of HS broilers, and notably promoted mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1, ZO-1 and A20.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that dietary Zn, especially 60 mg Zn/kg as Zn-Prot M, can alleviate HS-induced intestinal barrier function damage by promoting the expression of TJ proteins possibly via induction of A20-mediated suppression of the NF-κB p65/MMP-2 pathway in the jejunum of HS broilers.
Quantitative analysis of peripapillary capillary volume using dense B-scan OCT angiography in normal and diabetic retina
Authors: Zeng Lingyan , Liu Xin , Chen Shuyu , Ma Jin
Published: September 2024

Background

The value of quantitatively analyzing peripapillary capillary volume (PPCV) distribution was explored in normal and diabetic retinopathy (DR) eyes using dense B-scan optical coherence tomography angiography (DB OCTA).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional observational study followed by prospective follow-up for those with DR, which enrolled 101 healthy subjects and 140 DR patients. Dense, automatic, real-time (DART) volume scans of DB OCTA were performed using a Spectralis HRA + OCT2. ImageJ and MATLAB were used to process and calculate PPCV distribution detected by DB OCTA.

Results

In normal subjects, PPCV distribution were significantly correlated with the age and quadrant location (all P < 0.001). The PPCV distribution in each quadrant was significantly lower in severe nonproliferative DR patients than in normal subjects in all age groups (all P < 0.05, t-test). Compared to normal subjects, the PPCV distribution improved significantly in the pan-retinal photocoagulation treatment and surgery groups (all P < 0.001). No significant variation was observed in the anti-VEGF treatment group and normal subjects (P > 0.05). The PPCV distribution is significantly correlated with post-treatment best-corrected visual acuity in both the pan-retinal photocoagulation treatment and surgery groups (all P < 0.003) but not in the anti-VEGF treatment group (P = 0.940).

Conclusions

Quantitative assessment of PPCV distribution using DB OCTA is valuable in prognosis evaluation of DR with pan-retinal photocoagulation and surgery.
Obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents
Authors: Jeong Soo In , Kim Sung Hye
Published: September 2024

As childhood obesity rates increase worldwide, the prevalence of obesity-related hypertension is also on the rise. Obesity has been identified as a significant risk factor for hypertension in this age group. National Health Surveys and meta-analyses show increasing trends in obesity and pediatric hypertension in obese children. The diagnosis of hypertension in children involves percentiles relative to age, sex, and height, unlike in adults, where absolute values are considered. Elevated blood pressure (BP) in childhood is consistently associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention. The pathogenesis of hypertension in obesity involves multiple factors, including increased sympathetic nervous system activity, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and renal compression due to fat accumulation. Obesity disrupts normal RAAS suppression and contributes to impaired pressure natriuresis and sodium retention, which are critical factors in the development of hypertension. Risk factors for hypertension in obesity include degree, duration, and distribution of obesity, patient age, hormonal changes during puberty, high-sodium diet, sedentary lifestyle, and socioeconomic status. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, with weight loss being crucial to lowering BP. Medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers may be considered first, and surgical approaches may be an option for severe obesity, requiring tailored antihypertensive medications that consider individual pathophysiology to avoid exacerbating insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) in the management of the hypertensive patient with metabolic syndrome: a position paper from the Korean society of hypertension
Authors: Lee Hae Young , Ko Seung-Hyun , Park Sungjoon , Kim Kyuho , Kim Song-Yi , Cho In-Jeong , Cho Eun Joo , Kim Hyeon Chang , Park Jae-Hyeong , Ryu Sung Kee , Moon Min Kyong , Ihm Sang-Hyun ,   the Korean Society of Hypertension
Published: September 2024

Obesity is the one of the most important components of metabolic syndrome. Because obesity related hypertension accounts for two thirds of essential hypertension, managing obesity and metabolic syndrome is a crucial task in the management of hypertension. However, the current non-pharmacological therapies have limitations for achieving or maintaining ideal body weight. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) have demonstrated excellent weight control effects, accompanied by corresponding reductions in blood pressure. GLP1-RAs have shown cardiovascular and renal protective effects in cardiovascular outcome trials both in primary and secondary prevention. In this document, the Korean Society of Hypertension intends to remark the current clinical results of GLP1-RAs and recommend the government and health-policy makers to define obesity as a disease and to establish forward-looking policies for GLP1-RA treatment for obesity treatment, including active reimbursement policies.
Multi-parameter viscoelastic material model for denture adhesives based on time-temperature superposition and multiple linear regression analysis
Authors: Ramakrishnan Anantha Narayanan , Reymann Josephine , Ludtka Christopher , Kiesow Andreas , Schwan Stefan
Published: September 2024

Background

Restorative solutions designed for edentulous patients such as dentures and their accompanying denture adhesives operate in the complex and dynamic environment represented by human oral physiology. Developing material models accounting for the viscoelastic behavior of denture adhesives can facilitate their further optimization within that unique physiological environment. This study aims to statistically quantify the degree of significance of three physiological variables - namely: temperature, adhesive swelling, and pH - on denture adhesive mechanical behavior. Further, based on these statistical significance estimations, a previously-developed viscoelastic material modelling approach for such denture adhesives is further expanded and developed to capture these variables’ effects on mechanical behavior.

Methods

In this study a comparable version of Denture adhesive Corega Comfort was analysed rheologically using the steady state frequency sweep tests. The experimentally derived rheological storage and loss modulus values for the selected physiological variables were statistically analyzed using multi parameter linear regression analysis and the Pearson’s coefficient technique to understand the significance of each individual parameter on the relaxation spectrum of the denture adhesive. Subsequently, the parameters are incorporated into a viscoelastic material model based on Prony series discretization and time-temperature superposition, and the mathematical relationship for the loss modulus is deduced.

Results

The results of this study clearly indicated that the variation in both the storage and loss modulus values can be accurately predicted using the oral cavity physiological parameters of temperature, swelling ratio, and pH with an adjusted R2 value of 0.85. The R2 value from the multi-parameter regression analysis indicated that the predictor variables can estimate the loss and storage modulus with a reasonable accuracy for at least 85% of the rheologically determined continuous relaxation spectrum with a confidence level of 98%. The Pearson’s coefficient for the independent variables indicated that temperature and swelling have a strong influence on the loss modulus, whereas pH had a weak influence. Based on statistical analysis, these mathematical relationships were further developed in this study.

Conclusions

This multi-parameter viscoelastic material model is intended to facilitate future detailed numerical investigations performed with implementation of denture adhesives using the finite element method.
Polycaprolactone strengthening gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite composite biomaterial inks for potential application in extrusion-based 3D printing bone scaffolds
Authors: Wang Chenxin , Yang Mao , Chen Li , Stehle Yijing , Lin Mingyue , Zhang Rui , Zhang Huanshuo , Yang Jiehui , Huang Min , Li Yubao , Zou Qin
Published: September 2024

Extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing of gelatin (Gel) is crucial for fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds via additive manufacturing. However, the thermal instability of Gel remains a persistent challenge, as it tends to collapse at mild temperatures. Current approaches often involve simply mixing Gel particles with various materials, resulting in biomaterial inks that lack uniformity and have inconsistent degradation characteristics. In this study, acetic acid was used to dissolve Gel and polycaprolactone (PCL) separately, producing homogeneous Gel/PCL dispersions with optimal pre-treatment performance. These dispersions were then combined and hybridized with nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) to create a composite printing ink. By evaluating the printability of the ink, the optimal conditions were identified: a n-HA concentration of 50% (w/w), a printing temperature of 10–15 ℃, a printing pressure of 2.5 bar, and a printing speed of 7 mm/s. The resulting biomaterial inks, with a composition of 25% Gel, 25% PCL, and 50% n-HA, demonstrated excellent printability and stability, along with significantly enhanced mechanical properties. As a result, 3D scaffolds with high printability and shape fidelity can be printed at room temperature, followed by deep freezing at -80 ℃ and cross-linking with vanillin. The Gel-based composite scaffolds demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, cell adhesion, cell viability and nano-hydroxyapatite absorption in vitro. Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that the bioactive scaffold biodegraded during implantation and significantly promoted bone regeneration at the defect site. This provides a promising strategy for treating bone defects in clinical setting. In conclusion, the Gel/PCL/n-HA biomaterial inks presented here offer an innovative solution for extrusion bioprinting in the field of bone tissue engineering.

Graphical Abstract
Prognostic significance of miR 499 expression and Helicobacter pylori infection in malignant lesions of gallbladder cancer: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Fatima Naseem , Raza Syed Tasleem , Singh Mohit , Rizvi Saliha , Siddiqui Zainab , Eba Ale , Kumar Vijay
Published: September 2024

Background

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an infrequent type of malignant neoplasm worldwide. There are a number of risk factors that increase a person's likelihood of developing GBC. Gallbladder inflammatory (GID) diseases including cholelithiasis increase the risk of GBC, and this is further complicated by the fact that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is extremely common in gastrointestinal tract in India. Since both miR 499 and H. pylori infection are found to be linked with tumor progression and metastasis, therefore there is a possibility that H. pylori might be involved in inflammation via dysregulation of miR 499. The study was designed to investigate the association of miR 499 expressions with H. pylori infection and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of GBC.

Material and methods

The hundred three tissue samples used in this study are categorized into GID (n = 55) and GBC (n = 48). The expression of miR-499 was examined by using the Livak method for relative gene expression analysis. The presence/absence of H. pylori infection was examined by RT-PCR (Liferiver Helicobacter pylori RT-PCR Kit).

Results

Helicobacter pylori infection and GBC/GID cases were not significantly correlated. Decreased expression of miR 499 was observed in GBC (1.6 fold) as compared to GID patients (P < 0.0001). Low miR 499 expression was found to significantly correlate with tumor differentiation (P = 0.017), advanced staging (P = 0.004) and liver metastasis (P = 0.036). Multivariate regression analysis showed significant association of overall survival with low miR 499 expressions.

Conclusion

miR 499 may be considered as a useful prognostic biomarker in GBC progression.
Determinants of smallholder membership in farmers’ groups in the pigeon pea-based farming system in Uganda
Authors: Namuyiga Dorothy Birungi , Stellmacher Till , Borgemeister Christian
Published: September 2024

Background

Membership in farmers’ group (FGs) is an important social aspect of agricultural development. Little is known about the relative importance and benefits from participation in FGs in Uganda, specifically for pigeon pea smallholders in northern Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 257 smallholders to examine the factors that motivate farmer’s group membership and its influence on pigeon pea yield and technical efficiency (TE) in northern Uganda. We applied the Stochastic Production Frontier (SPF) model and complementary models to assess membership impact on pigeon pea yield and TE determinants, respectively. TE is defined as the degree to which smallholders use the minimum feasible farm inputs to produce a given level of pigeon pea grain.

Results

Results show that FG members were generally older and more experienced, and had better access to extension services (76%) and credit (43%) compared to non-members. Smallholders’ age, access to agricultural training, extension services, and the distance travelled to market centres were statistically significant (
p
 < 0.05), thus limiting the likelihood of FG membership. TE for both groups was low and quite similar, at 63% and 59% for members and non-members, respectively, implying that both groups did not use the available farm resources to maximize pigeon pea yield.

Conclusion

Our results confirm that FG membership enhances smallholder’s access to extension, agricultural training services and credit. For northern Uganda, the study provides recommendations for increased government investment in the human, financial and physical capacity of extension agents as a strategy for rural development and improved livelihoods. In addition, policy incentives can encourage farmers to seek membership in farmers’ groups and related associations.
Managing Psoriatic Arthritis With Different Types of Physical Activity: A Literature Review
Authors: Wiśniewska Anna , Lissak Karina , Nowińska Bianka , Bińczyk Wiktoria , Siudek Bartosz , Dróżdż Olgierd , Wierzbińska Julia , Rutecka Natalia
Published: September 2024

Up to 30% of people with psoriasis may develop psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a complicated inflammatory disease characterized by skin signs, joint discomfort, and swelling. Although pharmaceutical therapies have been the primary component of traditional PsA care, the advantages of physical activity are becoming more widely acknowledged. This review looks at how exercise can help manage PsA, with particular emphasis on several types of exercise, including resistance training, functional training, aerobic training, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Research indicates that resistance training increases muscle strength and functional ability while aerobic exercise lessens tiredness and musculoskeletal pain. Without escalating disease activity, HIIT reduces fatigue and enhances cardiorespiratory fitness. The review also looks at the relationship between physical activity and PsA symptoms including enthesitis and bone marrow edema (BME). Research shows that exercise does not worsen BME, and even if it can cause enthesitis, the advantages of exercise in terms of lowering overall disease activity and enhancing quality of life exceed the dangers. To sum up, customized exercise regimens are crucial for PsA management and have a major positive impact on patient well-being and disease control.
Outcomes of fixed versus mobile-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Fricka Kevin B. , Wilson Eric J. , Strait Alexander V. , Ho Henry , Hopper, Jr Robert H. , Hamilton William G. , Sershon Robert A.
Published: September 2024

Aims

The optimal bearing surface design for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) UKAs from a single high-volume institution.

Methods

Prospectively collected data were reviewed for all primary cemented medial UKAs performed by seven surgeons from January 2006 to December 2022. A total of 2,999 UKAs were identified, including 2,315 FB and 684 MB cases. The primary outcome measure was implant survival. Secondary outcomes included 90-day and cumulative complications, reoperations, component revisions, conversion arthroplasties, range of motion, and patient-reported outcome measures. Overall mean age at surgery was 65.7 years (32.9 to 94.3), 53.1% (1,593/2,999) of UKAs were implanted in female patients, and demographics between groups were similar (p > 0.05). The mean follow-up for all UKAs was 3.7 years (0.0 to 15.6).

Results

Using revision for any reason as an endpoint, five-year survival for FB UKAs was 97.2% (95% CI 96.4 to 98.1) compared to 96.0% for MB (95% CI 94.1 to 97.9; p = 0.008). The FB group experienced fewer component revisions (14/2,315, 0.6% vs 12/684, 1.8%; p < 0.001) and conversion arthroplasties (38/2315, 1.6% vs 24/684, 3.5%; p < 0.001). A greater number of MB UKAs underwent revision due to osteoarthritis progression (FB = 21/2,315, 0.9% vs MB = 16/684, 2.3%; p = 0.003). In the MB group, 12 (1.8%) subjects experienced bearing dislocations which required revision surgery. There were 15 early periprosthetic tibia fractures (0.6%) in the FB group compared to 0 for MB (p = 0.035).

Conclusion

In similar patient populations, FB UKAs demonstrated slightly higher survival than a commonly used MB design. Adverse event profiles differed by bearing type, with an increased risk of bearing dislocation and OA progression with MB designs, and early periprosthetic tibia fractures for FB designs.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(9):916–923.
Survivorship, complications, and functional outcomes of uncemented distal femoral endoprosthesis with short, curved stem for patients with bone tumours
Authors: Gong Taojun , Lu Minxun , Sheng Hongtao , Li Zhuangzhuang , Zhou Yong , Luo Yi , Min Li , Tu Chongqi
Published: September 2024

Aims

Endoprosthetic reconstruction following distal femur tumour resection has been widely advocated. In this paper, we present the design of an uncemented endoprosthesis system featuring a short, curved stem, with the goal of enhancing long-term survivorship and functional outcomes.

Methods

This study involved patients who underwent implantation of an uncemented distal femoral endoprosthesis with a short and curved stem between 2014 and 2019. Functional outcomes were assessed using the 1993 version of the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS-93) score. Additionally, we quantified five types of complications and assessed osseointegration radiologically. The survivorship of the endoprosthesis was evaluated according to two endpoints. A total of 134 patients with a median age of 26 years (IQR 16 to 41) were included in our study. The median follow-up time was 61 months (IQR 56 to 76), and the median functional MSTS-93 was 83% (IQR 73 to 91) postoperatively.

Results

Overall, 21 patients (16%) encountered complications, and the rate of aseptic loosening was 7% (9/134). The survival rate up to 8.5 years was 93% for aseptic loosening as the endpoint, and 88% for any reason as the endpoint, retrospectively.

Conclusion

The use of an uncemented distal femoral endoprosthesis with a short, curved stem demonstrated a low incidence of aseptic loosening and achieved long-term survivorship of up to nine years. Meanwhile, aseptic loosening typically occurs in the early stage postoperatively.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(9):1000–1007.
Prevalence of bluetongue virus disease in a small ruminant population in Kalat, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Shafee Muhammad , Razzaq Abdul , Badshah Farhad , Khan Naimat Ullah , Ibáñez-Arancibia Eliana , De los RíosEscalante Patricio R. , Arif Hafiz Muhammad , Hussain Abid
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim: Bluetongue is a vector-borne, emerging disease that poses a severe threat to most domesticated animals. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV) disease in apparently healthy sheep and goats in Kalat, Balochistan.

Materials and Methods: A total of 270 serum samples (sheep: 150 and goat: 120) were collected and screened for the detection of anti-BTV antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data regarding different contributory risk factors were also collected using a predesigned questionnaire.

Results: It revealed that overall, 27.4% (74/270, 95% confidence interval, χ2 = 1.71, p = 0.12) prevalence in both sheep and goat populations. The highest prevalence of 47% (32/68) was recorded in Surab city with the lowest prevalence of 15.49% (11/71) in the Manguchar area. In contrast, in Kalat 28.1% (9/32), Daan area 24% (12/50), and Marap area 22.44% (11/49), seropositivity was recorded. Upon sex bases, antibodies were almost equally found in both male 28.57% (8/28) and female 27.27% (66/242) animal populations. Moreover, all four breeds (Balochi, Khurasani, Lehri, and Rakhshani) were equally and potentially seropositive. The Khurasani breed was the most susceptible to 34.69% (17/49), followed by the Balochi breed, 45/145 (31%) seropositivity. The prevalence of BTV was 16.66% (1/6) in Rakhshani breed and 15.71% (11/70) in Lehri breed., Ticks were found in almost 21% of animals, while 93% of animals were reared on open grazing in rangelands.

Conclusion: This study clearly indicates widespread BTV infection in small ruminants in the study area that may pose serious threats to livestock farming. Further extensive studies are recommended to study the prevalence of disease in different agroecological zones of the province. This also warns the high-ups to manage concrete efforts to eradicate and control the disease in the area.

Keywords: antibodies, Balochistan, bluetongue virus, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Kalat.
Prevalence and determination of species distribution of Eimeria in poultry from the Swabi district, Pakistan
Authors: Begum Noreen , Shams Sumaira , Badshah Farhad , Khattak Irfan , Khan Muhammad Salman , Khan Naimat Ullah , Naz Warda , Ibáñez-Arancibia Eliana , De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio R. , Hassan Seema , Said Mourad Ben
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim: Coccidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, is a significant concern in poultry farming, leading to substantial economic losses worldwide. In Pakistan, poultry is a major component of the agricultural sector, with both broiler and egg-laying chickens playing crucial roles in meeting the country’s protein needs. Despite the importance of the poultry industry, there is limited data on prevalence and species distribution of Eimeria in different types of chickens in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and determine the distribution of Eimeria species in broiler and egg-laying chickens in this region.

Materials and Methods: Nine hundred fecal samples were collected from broiler (380) and egg-laying domestic chickens (520) in District Swabi, Pakistan. Microscopic analysis was used to identify Eimeria parasites in all samples. After microscopic examination for positive identification, Eimeria species were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.

Results: Microscopic examination identified Eimeria oocysts in 44.4% (400/900) of the samples. Eimeria parasite infection significantly varied based on chicken type, age, and gender (p < 0.05). The study found that broiler chickens (52.63%, 235/450), young chickens (4–6 weeks) (55.5%, 285/500), and females (52.2%, 200/380) were more infected with Eimeria spp. than egg-laying domestic chickens (38.5%, 200/520), adults (above 6 weeks) (28.8%), and males (36.7%, 165/450). PCR indicated a distribution rate of 42.5% (170/400) Eimeria tenella, 26.25% (105/400) Eimeria acervulina, 20% (80/400) Eimeria maxima, and 11.25% (45/400) Eimeria mitis. None of Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria brunetti, or Eimeria praecox was found in the study.

Conclusion: This study underlines the essential requirement for targeted interventions due to the prevalence and predominance of E. tenella among identified Eimeria species. Future research should focus on refined sampling strategies and investigate the clinical significance of these parasites for effective disease management in the local poultry industry.

Keywords: coccidiosis, domestic chickens, Eimeria species, microscopic and molecular identification, Pakistan, prevalence.
INTEGRATION OF DA'WAH AND LOCAL CULTURE:
Authors: Puspitasari Isma , Ultriasratri Alfri
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses the integration of Islamic da'wah and local culture through the Wiwit Mbako ritual in Temanggung. The main question focuses on how Islamic values are conveyed through traditional agricultural ceremonies. This study uses a qualitative approach, analyzing the Wiwit Mbako tradition as a cultural practice that is intertwined with religious teachings in rural communities. By examining ritual components such as prayers, communal meals, and social gatherings, this study explores the role of Wiwit Mbako in strengthening Islamic teachings and strengthening social relationships. The discussion highlighted how this tradition became a da'wah medium by contextualizing religious messages in a form relevant to local customs. This research concludes that Wiwit Mbako not only reflects gratitude and dependence on Allah, but also becomes an effective da'wah platform in agrarian society.
Bone mineral density in a cohort of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) patients
Authors: Omar Nigar , Shamoon Rawand
Published: September 2024

Background and objective: β-Thalassemia is a common inherited disease in this region. A considerable number of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) patients suffer bone problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density in TDT patients using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Methods: In this study, 53 TDT patients aged ≥10 years, together with 25 normal healthy individuals were enrolled. Their bone status was assessed using DEXA scan at lumber spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck. The effect of physical, biochemical, and hormonal characteristics on the bone mineral density (BMD) parameters were evaluated. BMD-Z score was used to assess the magnitude of bone disease. Results: The mean age of the patients was 21.3±7.8 years with male to female ratio 1.4:1. The values BMD parameters were significantly lower in the patients compared to the normal group. The mean values of BMD Z-core among the patients at lumber spine and femoral neck were -2.95±1.07 and -1.51±1.02 respectively. Among the patients, osteoporosis was detected in 69.8% and 13.2% in lumber spine and femoral neck respectively. None of the normal individuals had osteoporosis. Patients’ age. body mass index (BMI) and parathyroid hormone level had a significant association with BMD Z-score (P <0.05). Conclusion: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are extremely prevalent among our TDT patients. DEXA scan is an effective, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive procedure for assessing bone status.
Optimization of solid dispersion technique and gliclazide to carrier (PVP K30) ratio for solubility enhancement
Authors: Ibrahim Berivan , Hussein Nozad
Published: September 2024

Background and objective: Poorly water-soluble dugs provide less dissolution rate and bioavailability; hence, it minimizes the pharmacological effect of orally administered medications. Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic medication of the second generation, used to treat type II diabetes mellitus. It belongs to the class II drugs of biopharmaceutic classification system, indicating that it has high permeability and poor aqueous solubility. The aim of this study is to determine an optimum solid dispersion method and drug to carrier ratio to improve the solubility of gliclazide. Methods: Solid dispersions of gliclazide were formulated with polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 using various drug to carrier ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 1:5) by utilizing kneading and solvent evaporation methods. Solubility and dissolution rate of solid dispersion formulas were compared with pure drug and co-ground mixtures. The formulations were further evaluated in terms of percentage of yield, drug content, FTIR, SEM, DSC, and XRD studies. Results: The highest solubility improvement of gliclazide was obtained at the ratio 1:5 of gliclazide and PVP K30 utilizing solvent evaporation method, solubility increased about 2.54 folds (98.299 ± 5.77 µg/ml) as compared to pure gliclazide (38.739 µg/ml). Meanwhile, the greatest improvement in gliclazide dissolution rate was observed in the same solid dispersion formula that was about 105.76 % after 30 minutes. FTIR demonstrated no unwanted interaction between the drug and carrier. While, SEM, DSC, and XRD showed crystallinity of the drug was minimized and converted to amorphous form in solid dispersion formula. Conclusion: Based on the investigations of this study, it can be concluded that the drug to carrier weight ratios and preparation methods had the influence on the drug solubility and the release rate. The obtained data revealed that the solvent evaporation is the best method of solid dispersion for enhancing gliclazide solubility using PVP K30 with the ratio 1:5 of the drug and carrier.
Intra-ovarian Doppler artery indices values in cases with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case control study
Authors: Hassan Parween , Jamal Aska
Published: September 2024

Background and objective: polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder during their reproductive age which results in hyperandrogenism and anovulation or oligo-ovulation. Significant changes occur in ovarian vascularization at the level of the intra ovarian arteries in PCOS patients. The objective is to assess Doppler hemodynamic changes in ovarian stromal arteries in follicular phase of the cycle in both ovaries in women with PCOS compared to normal ovulatory fertile women (control) using transvaginal Color Doppler technique, by calculating intra ovarian Doppler artery indices values: Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of both ovaries. Methods: Two hundred women were included in the study. One hundred patients were diagnosed as PCOS (cases) according to Rotterdam’s criteria and another one hundred were normal fertile women (controls). Transvaginal color Doppler technique is used in examining the recruited cases and controls, Doppler indices values of intraovarian stromal arteries were measured. Results: in the current study, the RI and PI of the ovarian stromal artery were lower in women with PCOS (cases) compared to controls. These hemodynamic changes are a predictor for the diagnosis of PCOS. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonography was a successful tool in assessing the hemodynamic changes in PCOS women.
Reliability of trans-cerebellar diameter for gestational age in comparison to crown rump length
Authors: Majeed Nasik , Hamasalih Alaa
Published: September 2024

Background and objective: accurate estimation of gestational age is important for perfect antenatal care, as many pregnant women may don’t know their last menstrual period & not have a first-trimester ultrasound that is accurate in estimating the gestational age, and the routine fetal biometry in the second & third trimesters may be unreliable for some reason. Therefore, it’s necessary to develop an ultrasonographic parameter capable of reliably estimating gestational age at any point during pregnancy. This study aims to compare the accuracy of trans-cerebellar diameter (TCD) in n 2nd and 3rd trimesters for the calculation of estimated gestational age with the first-trimester crown rump length (CRL) which is the most accurate measurement for the estimation of gestational age. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Erbil from the 1st of January 2021 to the 10thof August 2022. A total sample of 258 antenatal women was included. The ultrasound examination was performed by a GE Voluson ultrasound system (GE health care 2015) machine using a 3.5 MHZ curved transducer. The CRL was taken between 6-13 weeks of gestational age, and TCD between 15-38 weeks. TCD is measured by keeping the calibers on the outer margin of the cerebellar hemisphere. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science SPSS V. 26. Results: The mean transcerebral diameter during different gestational ages was 16.35 (±0.76) less than 18 weeks gestation, 21.48 (±1.7) between 18-25 weeks gestation, 28.03 (±1.79) between 25-32 weeks gestation, 35.52 (± 1.84) above 32 weeks gestation respectively. There is a statistically significant linear correlation between TCD and ECRL with (rho=0.992) (P <0.001) Conclusion: The accuracy of the TCD in the second & third trimester of pregnancy is comparable with the estimated CRL in the first trimester, so this will help us in the estimation of the gestational age for pregnant women with unknown LMP and unavailable first-trimester dating scan.
Transvesical open prostatectomy versus transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, Iraq: A retrospective study
Authors: Al Bazzaz Wishyar
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective: Surgical treatment is an effective option for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), after failed conservative therapy. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered as a standard treatment method for the management of the small to medium prostate while transvesical open prostatectomy (OP) is a standard option for great prostate. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of both (B-TURP) and (OP). Methods: The present study included 73 patients underwent either transvesical open prostatectomy (31 patients) or bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (42 patients) between May 2019 to May 2021, in Erbil-city. The baseline characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative characteristics plus early and late adverse effects were obtained from medical records for all patients in both groups, retrospectively. The data analyzed and compared statistically. Results: The baseline characteristics in the studied groups showed no significant differences except for the prostate size which was more on the OP group. According to the results, operative time was significantly (P <0.001) lower in the OP group. The means of the following variables in the OP group were significantly higher than those of the B-TURP group: Hospitalization days (P <0.001), days of catheter removal, back to normal activity (P <0.001), QoL score (P = 0.027), Qmax (P < 0.001), and PVR (P = 0.046), while no significant difference was detected regarding IPSS (P = 0.404). Conclusion: B-TURP was superior to OP regarding the hospitalization days, recovery time back to normal day-activity, and quality of life. Otherwise, both mentioned approaches work well for the treating symptomatic BPH.
The pathological significance of HRAS gene mutation in colorectal cancer patients in Erbil province
Authors: Dizayee Salar
Published: September 2024

Background and objective: RAS gene mutations, including Harvey RAS, are a biomarker in studying many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. Studying the molecular and mutations of the HRAS gene help in understanding the nature of the tumor and helps to formulate a suitable plan for prevention and treatment. The aim of the present study is to identify HRAS mutations among a sample of colorectal cancer. Methods: The sample for the present study involved 20 Formalin fixed embedded tissue of colorectal carcinoma and 10 adjacent normal tissues were obtained from Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil. Results: The sample of the present study involved 20 patients (60% males and 40% females) with CRC. The mean age was 54.20 years, with an SD ±19.80. The study found a single HRAS mutation in the sample study. The size of the tumor mutated by HRAS is significantly different than other tumors (P = 0.009). Conclusion: there was an HRAS mutation in a sample of colorectal cancers and the size of the tumor was different than other tumors in the study sample. Further studies needed about the mutation of the HRAS gene.
Tumor size measurements predicted by digital mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging in primary invasive breast cancer disease
Authors: Dawood Shawnam , Jamal Aska
Published: September 2024

Background and objective: The size of the tumor significantly influences the prognosis and treatment approach for breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to find the most accurate imaging method for estimating pre-treatment tumor size in women with newly diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer by comparing the predicted tumor size obtained from mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging with the pathologic size obtained from the surgical specimens. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 181 primary invasive breast cancer patients from September 2021 to March 2023. The difference in tumor size was evaluated based on imaging and pathological reports. Variables such as age, breast density, and tumor characteristics like histologic type, grade, location, and side were recorded and analyzed. The American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System was used for reporting. Data analysis, performed using SPSS Statistics software, included descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and Lin's index. The statistical significance level was set at P <0.05. Results: The mean tumor size was 29.68, 29.07, 28.37, and 27.7mm by mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathology, respectively. All diagnostic procedures revealed a statistically significant correlation with pathologic tumor size with the Spearman correlation test, P = 0.000. MRI had the highest Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (0.93). Conclusion: The study determined that all imaging modalities were accurate in estimating tumor size when compared to the gold standard of pathological specimens and that magnetic resonance imaging outperformed digital mammography and ultrasonography.
Portrait of a Profile vice-rector for Educational Work in Educational Organizations of Higher Education
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Lomonosov Alexander V. , Romm Tatiana А. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: September 2024

Introduction to the problem. The solution of educational tasks in higher education is accompanied by the expansion of subjects of organization of this activity. In higher education institutions there began to appear positions at the level of vice-rector, who is responsible for educational work. From the practical point of view it is important to consider the actors of the implementation of educational programs in higher education at the level of organization The purpose of the article is to analyze the functionality of the organizers of student youth education in higher education institutions. The research methodology was based on systemic, personal-activity approaches, as well as analytical and synthetic theoretical methods, methods of comparison, generalization and systematization. The official websites of one hundred higher education institutions, which were included in the rating of the best Russian universities RAEX-100 in 2022, served as an independent base for the study. The results of the study. Three groups of job profiles of educational vice-rectors depending on the accompanying functionality were identified; the peculiarities of gender and age differentiation of persons responsible for the specified work were established. Conclusion. The results of the conducted research allowed us to create an average portrait of the person responsible for educational work in a higher education institution at the present stage. Educational work in higher education institution directly affects the quality of training of highly qualified personnel.