bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lost in the Transition: Czech Businesses Pivoting from the Centrally Planned Economy to Capitalism
Authors: Coufalová Lucie , Žídek Libor
Published: June 2023

The Czech Republic often has been cited as an example of successful economic transformation. The available literature has primarily focused on changes in the macroeconomic environment, although the actions of economic agents at the microeconomic level have emerged as the crucial factor explaining this success. Based on 101 oral history interviews, this article offers the firsthand experiences, frustrations, challenges, and human dimensions of doing business at that time and shows that the road from socialism to the market economy was a bumpy one. Our approach fills major information voids, and thus offers a unique opportunity for business historians to avoid slipping into the incomplete view of the world presented by written literature and archives.
Tail variance allocation, Shapley value, and the majorization problem
Authors: Galeotti Marcello , Rabitti Giovanni
Published: June 2023

With a focus on the risk contribution in a portofolio of dependent risks, Colini-Baldeschi et al. (2018) introduced Shapley values for variance and standard deviation games. In this note we extend their results, introducing tail variance as well as tail standard deviation games. We derive closed-form expressions for the Shapley values for the tail variance game and we analyze the vector majorization problem for the two games. In particular, we construct two examples showing that the risk contribution rankings for the two games may be inverted depending on the conditioning threshold and the tail fatness. Motivated by these examples, we formulate a conjecture for general portfolios. Lastly, we discuss risk management implications, including the characterization of tail covariance premiums and reinsurance pricing for peer-to-peer insurance policies.
ERRATUM TO “NON-UNIFORMLY FLAT AFFINE ALGEBRAIC HYPERSURFACES”
Authors: MANDAL ARINDAM , PINGALI VAMSI PRITHAM , VAROLIN DROR
Published: June 2023

In this erratum, we correct an erroneous result in [PV2] and prove that the affine algebraic hypersurfaces
$xy^2=1$
and
$z=xy^2$
are not interpolating with respect to the Gaussian weight.
Incidence of adverse events and comparative tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and stress disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Gosmann Natan Pereira , Costa Marianna de Abreu , Jaeger Marianna de Barros , Frozi Júlia , Spanemberg Lucas , Manfro Gisele Gus , Cortese Samuele , Cuijpers Pim , Pine Daniel Samuel , Salum Giovanni Abrahão
Published: June 2023

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) show similar efficacy as treatments for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and stress-related disorders. Hence, comparisons of adverse event rates across medications are an essential component of clinical decision-making. We aimed to compare patterns of adverse events associated with SSRIs and SNRIs in the treatment of children and adults diagnosed with these disorders through a network meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane, websites of regulatory agencies, and international registers from inception to 09 September 2022, for randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of SSRIs or SNRIs. We analyzed the proportion of participants experiencing at least one adverse event and incidence rates of 17 specific adverse events. We estimated incidence rates and odds ratios through network meta-analysis with random effects and three-level models. We analyzed 799 outcome measures from 80 studies (n = 21 338). Participants in medication groups presented higher rates of adverse events (80.22%, 95% CI 76.13–83.76) when compared to placebo groups (71.21%, 67.00–75.09). Nausea was the most common adverse event (25.71%, CI 23.96–27.54), while weight change was the least common (3.56%, 1.68–7.37). We found higher rates of adverse events of medications over placebo for most medications, except sertraline and fluoxetine. We found significant differences between medications for overall tolerability and for autonomic, gastrointestinal, and sleep-related symptoms. Adverse events are a common reason that patients discontinue SSRIs and SNRIs. Results presented here guide clinical decision-making when clinicians weigh one medication over another. This might improve treatment acceptability and compliance.
More Honey Than Vinegar: Peer Review As a Middle Ground between Universalism and National Sovereignty
Authors: Domínguez-Redondo Elvira , McMahon Edward R.
Published: June 2023

Peer review mechanisms, such as the Universal Periodic Review, rely upon traditional sovereign state diplomacy for contemporary human rights implementation. This article argues that this is a positive development for several reasons. First, at a theoretical level, it reveals an evolving maturity of the human rights regime through its capacity to detach from exclusively legalistic approaches to human rights implementation. Second, at a policy level, there is enough evidence of measured positive outcomes of peer review mechanisms to suggest a preference for more co-operative approaches to ensuring human rights compliance as a first and complementary step to other more controversial legal/adversarial means of implementation (such as the third pillar of the R2P concept). Finally, peer review mechanisms offer a theoretical and pragmatic framework conciliating between universalist and relativist conceptual approaches to human rights, accommodating and integrating views that call for compliance with international human rights law as well as those emphasizing respect for sovereignty.
Ronald P. Leow's essential bookshelf: The L2 learning process in instructed second language acquisition (ISLA)
Authors: Leow Ronald P.
Published: June 2023

Ronald P. Leow is Professor (Applied Linguistics) in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and Language Program Director of Spanish Language Instruction at Georgetown University. He has initiated and published (over 100 articles and chapters) in several strands of research that include language curriculum development, research methodology, cognitive processes and depth of processing in language learning, (written and computerized) corrective feedback, textual enhancement, reactivity, and CALL. He has contributed to the field his 2015 Model of the L2 Learning Process in ISLA (in Explicit learning in the L2 classroom: A student-centered approach, Routledge) and his 2020 Feedback Processing Framework (in R. M. Manchón (Ed.), Writing and language learning. Advancing research agendas, John Benjamins) to provide a cognitive account for how L2 data and feedback are processed by L2 learners. His i10-index is 58 with over 6,500 citations.
Do discriminatory laws have societal origins? The diffusion of anti-Ahmadiyah regulations in Indonesia
Authors: Buehler Michael
Published: June 2023

Government laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities are on the rise worldwide. Scholars have debated whether or not society-based discrimination is a pre-condition for government-based discrimination. Examining an original dataset of regulations discriminating against the Ahmadiyah community in Indonesia, this article argues that calls from within society to restrict the freedom of religious minorities are neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for the rise of discriminatory government regulations. Instead, governments may emulate other governments and adopt laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities without any immediate societal pressure preceding it. Hence, future research needs to consider theinterdependencebetween jurisdictions as an important driver of laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities.
Chamfered edge filtering ultra-wideband antenna integrated with H-unit cell-loaded feed line for improved out-of-band rejection
Authors: Ramakrishnan Bhakkiyalakshmi , Sivashanmugham Vasanthi Murugiah
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a passive filtering antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The edge chamfering technique is adopted to construct the UWB antenna. The designed UWB antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 135%. A low-pass filter (LPF) is embedded on the feed line of the UWB antenna to convert it into a narrowband antenna that works at 2.45 GHz with 29.5% fractional bandwidth by removing the high-frequency components. The LPF is a transmission line with a stepped impedance configuration loaded with an H-shaped unit cell. The proposed filtering antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results indicate the gain is >4.2 dBi and the radiation efficiency is >75%.
Zusammenhänge zwischen Zahlzerlegungen, Addition und Subtraktion im Zahlenraum bis 10
Authors: Wartha Sebastian , Schulz Axel , Benz Christiane
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund & Methode: Die Teil-Ganzes-Beziehung ist eine grundlegende Zahleigenschaft, die in allen Zahlbegriffsentwicklungsmodellen eine herausragende Rolle spielt. Insbesondere die Zerlegungen aller Zahlen bis 10 werden als Voraussetzung für den Aufbau von Zahlvorstellungen und Rechenstrategien erachtet. Gleichzeitig wird ein fehlendes Faktenwissen hierzu als Hauptindikator für Rechenschwierigkeiten identifiziert. In diesem Beitrag wird dargestellt, welche Rolle die Zahlzerlegungen in unterschiedlichen Zahlentwicklungsmodellen spielen und wie diese für empirische Untersuchungen operationalisiert werden: oft über Zahlenhäuser, Additions- und Subtraktionsterme oder Platzhalteraufgaben. Da keine empirischen Daten vorliegen, in welchem Maße auf dieses Faktenwissen nach dem Anfangsunterricht zurückgegriffen werden kann und inwiefern die Art der Operationalisierung (Zahlenhaus, Term, Platzhalteraufgabe) eine Rolle spielt, werden Bearbeitungen von über 3000 Kindern der zweiten und dritten Jahrgangsstufe herangezogen, um deren Kenntnisse zu Zahlzerlegungen und deren Nutzung im Zahlenraum bis 10 zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse & Diskussion: Auch wenn keine Aussagen über den Lösungsweg (Faktenabruf vs. Zählstrategien) getroffen werden können, so können aufgrund falscher Lösungen Aussagen darüber getroffen werden, inwiefern die Aufgaben im Zahlenraum bis 10 nicht beherrscht und in welchem Ausmaß Zusammenhänge zwischen Zahlzerlegungen und Plus- und Minusaufgaben nicht genutzt werden können.
Microwave Observations of Ganymede's Sub‐surface Ice: 2. Reflected Radiation
Authors: Zhang Zhimeng , Brown Shannon , Bolton Scott , Levin Steven , Adumitroaie Virgil , Bonnefoy Lea E. , Feng Jianqing , Hartogh Paul , Lunine Jonathan , Misra Sidharth , Siegler Matthew
Published: June 2023

Juno's microwave radiometer experiment (MWR) provided the first spatially resolved observations beneath the surface of Ganymede's ice shell. The results indicate that scattering is a significant component of the observed brightness temperature, which is a combination of the upwelling ice emission and reflected emission from the sky and from Jupiter's synchrotron emission (Brown et al., 2023). Retrieval of the sub‐surface ice temperature profile requires that these confounding signals are estimated and removed to isolate the thermal signature of the ice. We present data analysis and model results to estimate the reflected synchrotron emission component. Our results indicate reflected emission over a broad range of observed angles, due to surface roughness and internal scattering. Based on viewing geometry, direct specular reflection from a smooth surface at a narrow angle is not observed. A microwave‐reflective medium is indicated, that is, a very rough surface and/or non‐homogeneous subsurface.
Temperature and Salinity Anomalies in the Sea Surface Microlayer of the South Pacific During Precipitation Events
Authors: Gassen L. , Badewien T. H. , Ewald J. , Ribas‐Ribas M. , Wurl O.
Published: June 2023

We present the results of salinity (ΔS) and temperature (ΔT) anomalies in the sea surface microlayer (SML) in relation to the underlying mixed bulk water (bulk). Several light to moderate rain events were recorded in the southern Pacific near Fiji using our remotely operated catamaran. Precipitation and evaporation drive freshwater fluxes across the sea surface (i.e., the SML) and are the most essential processes of the hydrologic cycle. However, measurements of the SML during precipitation are rare, but necessary to fully understand freshwater exchange at the air‐sea interface. Here we show that freshwater can mix rapidly with the bulk water through wind‐induced mixing, as ΔS and ΔT show a clear dependence on wind speed. At high wind speeds (5.1–11.6 m s−1), anomalies approach zero (ΔS = −0.02 ± 0.49 g kg−1, ΔT = −0.09 ± 0.46°C) but can reach ΔS = 1.00 ± 0.20 g kg−1 and ΔT = −0.37 ± 0.09°C at lower wind speeds (0–2 m s−1). We find shallow freshwater lenses and fronts, likely caused by past rainfall, with ΔS and ΔT of up to −1.11 g kg−1 and 1.77°C, respectively. Our observations suggest that freshwater lenses can be very shallow (<1 m depth) and missed by conventional measurements. In addition, the temperature and salinity in the SML respond to freshwater fluxes instantaneously. It highlights the role of the SML in a mechanistic understanding of the fate of freshwater over the ocean and, therefore, the global hydrologic cycle.
VEGF-A in serum protects against memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by blocking neutrophil infiltration
Authors: Qi Fangfang , Zuo Zejie , Hu Kaishun , Wang Rui , Wu Tong , Liu Hao , Tang Jiaoling , Wang Qingbo , Xie Yufeng , Tan Liren , Yang Yunjie , Zhang Xiaoran , Zheng Jiaying , Xu Jie , Yao Zhibin , Wang Shengwen , Wu Long-Jun , Guo Kaihua
Published: June 2023

Activation of innate immunity in the brain is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study investigated the regulation of innate immunity by wild-type serum injection in a transgenic AD mouse model. We found that treatment with wild-type mouse serum significantly reduced the number of neutrophils and microglial reactivity in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Mimicking this effect, neutrophil depletion via Ly6G neutralizing antibodies resulted in improvements in AD brain functions. Serum proteomic analysis identified vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) as factors enriched in serum samples, which are crucial for neutrophil migration and chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, and cell chemotaxis. Exogenous VEGF-A reversed amyloid β (Aβ)-induced decreases in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and increases in CXCL1 in vitro and blocked neutrophil infiltration into the AD brain. Endothelial Cdk5 overexpression conferred an inhibitory effect on CXCL1 and neutrophil infiltration, thereby restoring memory abilities in APP/PS1 mice. Our findings uncover a previously unknown link between blood-derived VEGF signaling and neutrophil infiltration and support targeting endothelial Cdk5 signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
Barriers and solutions to the adoption of translational tools for computational psychiatry
Authors: Benrimoh David , Fisher Victoria , Mourgues Catalina , Sheldon Andrew D. , Smith Ryan , Powers Albert R.
Published: June 2023

Computational psychiatry is a field aimed at developing formal models of information processing in the human brain, and how alterations in this processing can lead to clinical phenomena. There has been significant progress in the development of tasks and how to model them, presenting an opportunity to incorporate computational psychiatry methodologies into large- scale research projects or into clinical practice. In this viewpoint, we explore some of the barriers to incorporation of computational psychiatry tasks and models into wider mainstream research directions. These barriers include the time required for participants to complete tasks, test-retest reliability, limited ecological validity, as well as practical concerns, such as lack of computational expertise and the expense and large sample sizes traditionally required to validate tasks and models. We then discuss solutions, such as the redesigning of tasks with a view toward feasibility, and the integration of tasks into more ecologically valid and standardized game platforms that can be more easily disseminated. Finally, we provide an example of how one task, the conditioned hallucinations task, might be translated into such a game. It is our hope that interest in the creation of more accessible and feasible computational tasks will help computational methods make more positive impacts on research as well as, eventually, clinical practice.
In situ photo-on-demand phosgenation reactions with chloroform for syntheses of polycarbonates and polyurethanes
Authors: Tsuda Akihiko
Published: June 2023

Phosgene is an important carbonyl source for industrial production of polycarbonates (PCs) and polyurethanes (PUs). However, since it is highly toxic, alternative compounds and/or new phosgenation reactions have been explored for safety reasons. Given this background, we found a novel photochemical reaction enabling the synthesis of phosgene from chloroform. Subsequently, we developed new phosgenation reactions and reaction systems, and the key objective was “safe application” to organic synthesis. This focus review reports our recent use of in situ photo-on-demand phosgenations of alcohols and amines in synthesizing PC, PU, and their precursors, such as chloroformates, carbonate esters, and diisocyanates, in batch reaction systems, which are preferable for laboratory or small-scale industrial syntheses. We believe that the present reactions have advantages over conventional phosgenation reactions, especially in terms of safety and environmental impacts, and are expected to make positive contributions to practical organic syntheses in both academia and industry.
Wearable-based accelerometer activity profile as digital biomarker of inflammation, biological age, and mortality using hierarchical clustering analysis in NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Shim Jinjoo , Fleisch Elgar , Barata Filipe
Published: June 2023

Repeated disruptions in circadian rhythms are associated with implications for health outcomes and longevity. The utilization of wearable devices in quantifying circadian rhythm to elucidate its connection to longevity, through continuously collected data remains largely unstudied. In this work, we investigate a data-driven segmentation of the 24-h accelerometer activity profiles from wearables as a novel digital biomarker for longevity in 7,297 U.S. adults from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using hierarchical clustering, we identified five clusters and described them as follows: “High activity”, “Low activity”, “Mild circadian rhythm (CR) disruption”, “Severe CR disruption”, and “Very low activity”. Young adults with extreme CR disturbance are seemingly healthy with few comorbid conditions, but in fact associated with higher white blood cell, neutrophils, and lymphocyte counts (0.05–0.07 log-unit, all p < 0.05) and accelerated biological aging (1.42 years, p < 0.001). Older adults with CR disruption are significantly associated with increased systemic inflammation indexes (0.09–0.12 log-unit, all p < 0.05), biological aging advance (1.28 years, p = 0.021), and all-cause mortality risk (HR = 1.58, p = 0.042). Our findings highlight the importance of circadian alignment on longevity across all ages and suggest that data from wearable accelerometers can help in identifying at-risk populations and personalize treatments for healthier aging.
Leveraging human expert image annotations to improve pneumonia differentiation through human knowledge distillation
Authors: Schaudt Daniel , von Schwerin Reinhold , Hafner Alexander , Riedel Pascal , Späte Christian , Reichert Manfred , Hinteregger Andreas , Beer Meinrad , Kloth Christopher
Published: June 2023

In medical imaging, deep learning models can be a critical tool to shorten time-to-diagnosis and support specialized medical staff in clinical decision making. The successful training of deep learning models usually requires large amounts of quality data, which are often not available in many medical imaging tasks. In this work we train a deep learning model on university hospital chest X-ray data, containing 1082 images. The data was reviewed, differentiated into 4 causes for pneumonia, and annotated by an expert radiologist. To successfully train a model on this small amount of complex image data, we propose a special knowledge distillation process, which we call Human Knowledge Distillation. This process enables deep learning models to utilize annotated regions in the images during the training process. This form of guidance by a human expert improves model convergence and performance. We evaluate the proposed process on our study data for multiple types of models, all of which show improved results. The best model of this study, called PneuKnowNet, shows an improvement of + 2.3% points in overall accuracy compared to a baseline model and also leads to more meaningful decision regions. Utilizing this implicit data quality-quantity trade-off can be a promising approach for many scarce data domains beyond medical imaging.
The anatomy of a population-scale social network
Authors: Bokányi Eszter , Heemskerk Eelke M. , Takes Frank W.
Published: June 2023

Large-scale human social network structure is typically inferred from digital trace samples of online social media platforms or mobile communication data. Instead, here we investigate the social network structure of a complete population, where people are connected by high-quality links sourced from administrative registers of family, household, work, school, and next-door neighbors. We examine this multilayer social opportunity structure through three common concepts in network analysis: degree, closure, and distance. Findings present how particular network layers contribute to presumably universal scale-free and small-world properties of networks. Furthermore, we suggest a novel measure of excess closure and apply this in a life-course perspective to show how the social opportunity structure of individuals varies along age, socio-economic status, and education level.
An electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on multipath signal catalytic amplification integrated in a Cu2+–PEI–Pt/AuNC nanocomposite
Authors: Wang Haijun , Song Yuhang , Chai Yaqin , Yuan Ruo
Published: June 2023

In this work, Cu2+–PEI–Pt/AuNCs, a chain-like nanocomposite integrated with multipath signal catalytic amplification for the ECL of a peroxydisulfate–dissolved oxygen ECL system, was prepared to fabricate a sensitive ECL immunosensor.
Advantages of using biologically generated 13C-labelled multiple internal standards for stable isotope-assisted LC-MS-based lipidomics
Authors: Jaber Malak A. , de Falco Bruna , Abdelrazig Salah , Ortori Catharine A. , Barrett David A. , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: June 2023

An in vivo multiple labelling strategy using P. pastoris to generate 300 + 13C-labelled internal standards was shown to significantly reduce technical variations introduced in typical human lipidomics analyses using >100 samples and >70 h run time.
Optimizing LiMn1.5M0.5O4 cathode materials for aqueous photo-rechargeable batteries
Authors: Shimokawa Kohei , Matsubara Shogo , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Okamoto Akihiro , Ichitsubo Tetsu
Published: June 2023

Stable photocharging has been demonstrated by applying an appropriate cation for spinel LiMn1.5M0.5O4. This work paves the way for designing spinel-oxide cathode materials to develop high-performance photo-rechargeable batteries.
Synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous cerium titanate brannerite and uranyl adsorption properties at pH 3.8
Authors: Kong Linggen , Wei Tao , Karatchevtseva Inna , Scales Nicholas
Published: June 2023

Porous CeTi2O6 brannerite is synthesized with high specific surface area and pore volume and exhibits good uranyl adsorption capacity. The material possesses high portion of mesopores facilitating fast uranyl adsorption.
Spin-state energetics and magnetic anisotropy in penta-coordinated Fe(iii) complexes with different axial and equatorial ligand environments
Authors: Joshi Shalini , Roy Chowdhury Sabyasachi , Mishra Sabyashachi
Published: June 2023

Ligand environment influences the magnetic anisotropy of the penta-coordinated trigonal-bi-pyramidal Fe(iii) complex (PMe2Ph)2FeCl3 in its intermediate-spin state.
Green-antisolvent-regulated distribution of p-type self-doping enables tin perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of over 14%
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Huang Yuanfang , Wang Can , Jiang Yiting , Jin Jialun , Xu Jianbin , Li Zicheng , Su Zhenhuang , Zhou Qin , Zhu Jingwei , He Rui , Hou Da , Lai Huagui , Ren Shengqiang , Chen Cong , Gao Xingyu , Shi Tingting , Hu Walter , Fu Fan , Gao Peng , Zhao Dewei
Published: June 2023

Green antisolvent diethyl carbonate retards the kinetics of solvent–antisolvent interactions, enabling a gradient distribution of p-type self-doping of perovskite absorber to achieve 14.2%-efficiency Sn-based perovskite solar cells.
Effect of rare earth doping on the structural, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of newly synthesized nanocrystalline rare earth doped Ruddlesden–Popper oxides LnSrFe0.5Co0.5O4 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Gd)
Authors: Atri Amit Kumar , Singh Sumit , Qadir Irfan , Sharma Shikha , Manhas Ujwal , Singh Devinder
Published: June 2023

Different steps involved in the degradation of dyes by the Nd-doped sample.
Efficient identification and degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride from water by molecularly imprinted core–shell structured SiO2@TiO2
Authors: Li Zimu , Li Xicheng , Xu Shoufang , Tian Hao , Wang Changzheng
Published: June 2023

Core–shell structured SiO2@TiO2@MIPs were prepared for selective adsorption and photodegradation of the targeted tetracycline hydrochloride.
Allyl sulfides in garlic oil initiate the formation of renewable adhesives
Authors: Sayer Kyler B. , Miller Veronica L. , Merrill Zackry , Davis Anthony E. , Jenkins Courtney L.
Published: June 2023

Garlic essential oil (GEO) was used as the monomer, solvent and initiator to form adhesives. Analysis of GEO and the resulting polysulfide properties improved our understanding of poly(GEO) providing a route to develop renewable, S-based materials.
Correction: Immobilized Ni on TMEDA@βSiO2@αSiO2@Fe3O4: as a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for preparation of pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]dipyrimidines
Authors: Almajidi Yasir Qasim , Ubaidullah Mohd , Pandit Bidhan , Kareem A. K. , Romero-Parra Rosario Mireya , Bobirjon Adizov , Kadhum Wesam R. , AL-Erjan Amran M. , Abosaooda Munther , Mahmoud Aisha Kamal
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘Immobilized Ni on TMEDA@βSiO2@αSiO2@Fe3O4: as a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for preparation of pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]dipyrimidines’ by Yasir Qasim Almajidi et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 11393–11405, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA01720F.
Relationship between the concentration of ergothioneine in plasma and the likelihood of developing pre-eclampsia
Authors: Kenny Louise C. ,   on behalf of the SCOPE Consortium, Brown Leslie W. , Ortea Paloma , Tuytten Robin , Kell Douglas B.
Published: June 2023

Ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical mainly at present derived from the dietary intake of mushrooms, has been suggested as a preventive for pre-eclampsia (PE). We analysed early pregnancy samples from a cohort of 432 first time mothers as part of the Screening for Endpoints in Pregnancy (SCOPE, European branch) project to determine the concentration of ergothioneine in their plasma. There was a weak association between the ergothioneine levels and maternal age but none for BMI. Of these 432 women, 97 went on to develop pre-term (23) or term (74) PE. If a threshold was set at the 90th percentile of the reference range in the control population (≥462 ng/ml), only one of these 97 women (1%) developed PE, versus 96/397 (24.2%) whose ergothioneine level was below this threshold. One possible interpretation of these findings, consistent with previous experiments in a reduced uterine perfusion model in rats, is that ergothioneine may indeed prove protective against PE in humans. An intervention study of some kind now seems warranted.
Event‐triggered attack detection and state estimation based on Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Jiang Lu , Jia Di , Xu Jiping , Zhu Cui , Liu Kun , Xia Yuanqing
Published: June 2023

Under the framework of event‐triggered transmission mechanism, the problem of attack detection and state estimation of multi‐sensor linear time‐invariant systems under static attacks is considered. First, for each transmission channel, the sensor collects measurement information according to an event‐triggered mechanism to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. Then, inspired by the clustering algorithm in machine learning, a detection mechanism based on Gaussian mixture model, which can set a confidence level for the measurement of each sensor is proposed. Finally, centralised data fusion is performed according to the results of attack detection and event‐triggered judgement to realise remote state estimation. A numerical example proves that the proposed algorithm can locate the damaged sensor, save the network transmission bandwidth under the premise of ensuring accuracy and efficiency of sensor estimation.
Kinematical evolution of large-scale EUV waves in the solar corona
Authors: Mann G. , Warmuth A. , Önel H.
Published: June 2023

Context. Large-scale coronal waves, also referred to as extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) waves, are a common phenomenon of solar activity in the Sun’s corona. They are observed in EUV light as global waves travelling over one hemisphere of the Sun. Previous studies of EUV waves defined three classes based on their kinematical properties. In particular, class 1 waves show a decrease in velocity during their evolution over the solar surface. These special EUV waves are considered as the manifestation of large-amplitude magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in the corona.

Aims. We use a sample of seven class 1 EUV waves observed by the EUVI instruments onboard the two STEREO spacecraft to derive the relationship between the initial velocity and deceleration. This relationship can be explained in terms of the theory of large-amplitude MHD waves.

Methods. We employ non-linear MHD equations to describe large-amplitude, fast magnetosonic waves in terms of so-called ‘simple MHD waves’.

Results. The theory of simple MHD waves provides a relationship between the initial velocity and deceleration of the wave. The observations agree well with the non-linear evolution of a spherical large-amplitude, fast magnetosonic wave.

Conclusions. The kinematical properties of large-scale EUV waves can be well described by the theory of large-amplitude (simple) MHD waves.
Ensuring the labor safety of workers at sanitary checkpoints of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Matyusheva Nadezhda , Khudiakova Vera , Voinash Sergey , Sabitov Linar , Kiyamov Ilgam
Published: June 2023

The article proposes the improvement of working conditions and environmental efficiency of the process of washing equipment (tractors and cars) in an agricultural organization. For this purpose, a washing point was designed with the selection of mass-produced required equipment, a technology that provides an environmental effect by reducing water consumption for washing by reusing it. At the same time, engineering and design calculations were carried out to justify the units and parts of the proposed technical device. Organizational measures are proposed to exclude injuries and morbidity of the washer. The economic efficiency of the designed technical device is determined.
Hexagonal disc working bodies for working soils subject to wind erosion
Authors: Soyunov Alexej , Golovin Alexander , Khuzin Ilya , Sabiyev Uakhit , Abdylmanova Raykhan
Published: June 2023

Necessary quality of soil cultivation is not always achieved by disk plough-harrows. To solve this problem the improved working unit - flat hexagonal disk was proposed. The aim of the investigation was to determine the dependence of the functional efficiency of the soil tilling implement with flat hexagonal working bodies on its mechanical and technological parameters. The technological process of interaction of the flat hexagonal disk working unit with soil and plant residues was a subject of investigation. To assess the quality of the tillage depending on the approach angle (θ = 15, 25, 35°), machine speed (V = 6, 8, 10 km/h) and processing depth (h = 60, 80, 100 cm) the laboratory tests in the soil channel and field researches at Siberian zonal machine-testing station were carried out. On the surface of the soil channel the stubble cover with weeds was simulated. The ratio of stubble conservation in the soil after the experiment to the weight of stubble used for imitation of the stubble cover served as a criterion of evaluation of the safety of stubble on the surface of the field. The relation of a difference in the weight of mulch, scattered over the soil surface before the test, and that, gathered after the passage of the machine, to the initial weight of mulch was used as a criterion of embedding of vegetative mass in soil. The prototypes of flat hexagonal disc carried out quality tillage with ridgeness no more than 4 cm, the stubble conservation 86…94 %, the chopped straw mass integrity 60 %. Reduction in the presence in soil of erosion-dangerous particles to 1 % allows using flat hexagonal discs in areas exposed to wind erosion
Study of the degree of metal accumulation and toxicity of corn plants grown on heavy metals contaminated (artificially) soil
Authors: Kidane Tsegay Merhawi , Sukhenko Liudmila
Published: June 2023

The Aim of this research is to examine the ability of maize (Zea mays) to accumulate heavy metals and assess the bio-concentration factor (BCF) by collecting, and analyzing data on heavy metal concentrations in Zea mays. This study assessed the accumulation of three selected heavy metals; Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) in soil and the corresponding Bio concentration factor (BCF) of Zea mays grown on those soils using a systematic approach.
The use of digital technologies in agricultural management
Authors: Tsvetkova I.I. , Vakhovskaya M.Yu.
Published: June 2023

In this article the factors that influence the management of agriculture in the context of sustainable development are listed in this article; the main digital technologies have been identified and a model for the use of digital technologies in agricultural management has been built; indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in agriculture and methods for their calculation are proposed.
Information technologies in the agricultural economy
Authors: Makhmudova N.R. , Ismailov K.K. , Kodirova N.T. , Shadmanov K.K. , Narzullaev D.Z.
Published: June 2023

This article discusses not only the practical application of “precision agriculture” in the software of electronic equipment, the convenience of remote control and on-board sensors for moving automatic parts of machines and units, as well as the acceleration of solving problems of managing the agro-industrial complex using electronic equipment, increase in the amount of funding, but also training personnel capable of creating and applying information technologies in agriculture, including in “precision agriculture.
Spring distribution of beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in abandoned agroecosystems and surrounding forests
Authors: Alekseev Sergei , Ruchin Alexander
Published: June 2023

In most habitats in temperate zones, Carabidae show clear intra-annual changes in abundance and species composition. In the spring, we studied the beetle fauna in 5 different biotopes differing in the degree of overgrowth of the birch forest over a period of three years. According to three years of research, 10,528 specimens (64 species from 6 subfamilies) were collected. Twelve species of beetles were found in all biotopes. The highest numbers were obtained in the 12-15-year birch forest; the lowest numbers were obtained in abandoned lands. The highest biodiversity was obtained in the ecotone at the border of young birch forest and fallow lands. A high Shannon Biodiversity Index and a low Simpson Index indicate that the communities of beetles in the abandoned lands are equalized. There is a significant dominance of 1–3 species in fallow lands overgrown with birch forests.
Model for predicting the occurrence of soil compaction
Authors: Kandrashina Maria , Arsentev Dmitry , Vinokur Aleksey , Kolodochkin Alexey , Arzamazov Ivan , Kozhukhov Daniil
Published: June 2023

Solving the problem of preserving and increasing soil fertility, timely determination of the causes of its deformation require improved environmental forecasting. The development of quantitative approaches in ecology is facilitated by the availability of data on soil types and properties, understanding of ongoing processes and existing information technologies. In this article, we give an example of designing and training a deep neural network for ecological forecasting of the date of occurrence of soil compaction, as one of the relevant parameters in further research. Using the properties of existing compacted soils, we show that neural networks are able to predict both the short-term risk of soil compaction and the long-term dynamics. Against the background of existing methods, neural networks have better performance and the potential to create integrated soil monitoring systems based on them.
Ecological and engineering solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow hydraulic structures of the Crimea
Authors: Vetrova Natalya , Ivanenko Tatiana , Shtofer Gennadii , Gaysarova Anastasia , Mennanov Emran
Published: June 2023

The article studies the territorial features of the formation of a dangerous process - mudflows. The factors of mudflow hazard formation are described, the classification and characteristics of mudflows formed in the Crimea are given. The methods of studying mudflows are considered, the parameters of the mudflow are calculated on the example of the Shelen River, on the basis of which options for the reconstruction of existing mudflow protection structures are proposed. The purpose of the article is to substantiate environmental engineering solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow hydraulic structures in mudflow-prone Crimean river basins. The object of research is the basin of the Shelen River typical for the South-Eastern rural area. The purpose of the research is to substantiate technical solutions for the reconstruction of anti-mudflow structures in the Shelen River basin. Research objectives: to study the conditions for the formation of Crimean mudflows, the history of research and classification; consider existing methods for studying mudflow hazard and calculation methods for determining the parameters of mudflows; to characterize the current state of anti-mudflow structures on the example of the Shelen river basin; justify decisions on the reconstruction of anti-mudflow structures and develop recommendations for their restoration. In the article, on the basis of field studies, hydrological flood flow rates, annual runoff volumes, water flow rates and volumes in years of different water content and average monthly water flow rates using the Shelen River basin as an example, the mudflow parameters are calculated. Anti-mudflow structures were identified and their condition was analyzed. Based on the results of the study, proposals and environmental engineering technical solutions for the reconstruction of existing anti-mudflow structures were developed
Characterization of the size and spatiotemporal structure of the cenopopulationCaragana arborescensLam. in the forest park of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Montile Andrey , Tishkina Elena , Filisteev Andrey
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the dimensional and space-time structure ofCaragana arborescensLam. in various ecological and cenotic conditions in the forest park named after. Foresters of Russia in Yekaterinburg on the basis of population and organismal parameters. For the first time, a quantitative characteristic of the manifestation of organismal indicators in each ontogenetic state of the caragana was obtained. Regularities in the manifestation of traits depending on the ontogenetic conditions of plants and forest type, as well as features of changes in traits that occur during the growth of individuals during the life period, are revealed. Features of the average values of the manifestation of traits in ontogenetic states can be associated with the number of individuals of a given state in the corresponding samples, while there is an influence of habitat conditions. A one-way analysis of variance, in which the habitat type of a coenopopulation fragment was a factor, showed a significant effect of the factor for traits of crown height and width. Significant differences in these traits of the habitat of the mixed herb meadow from other habitats and the reduced values of the traits in the forb pine forest are explained by the predominance of medium generative individuals in the first case, and juvenile individuals in the second. The ability of the species to successfully adapt in fragmented and urbanized areas affected by recreational impacts and other forms of pollution and survive in a wide range of environmental conditions has been established.
The joint seismic-and-electromagnetic monitoring with electromagnetic field separation
Authors: Rybin Anatoly , Nepeina Kseniia
Published: June 2023

The magnetotelluric soundings (MTS) are a common tool in applied geophysics. The guidelines for electromagnetic (EM) monitoring should be updated because of new tools and software developed. Some techniques paragraphs have outdated sections. Some essential equipment requirements and its’ allowable parameters, MTS acquisition, are defined. We involve Research Station RAS patents (RU 175972 U1, 2017; RU 2701876 C1, 2018) to increase the long-term stability of electrical parameters of non-polarizable electrodes. We consider the irreversible rock deformations form sources of the electromagnetic field of endogenous origin as geodynamic processes. We offer MTS with an additional algorithm with electromagnetic field separation for studying the endogenous component of EM field as a lower half-space impedance. We explain the technology of MTS in seismically active zones with remote access on the example of the Tien Shan. We introduce these guidelines acquiring data system for the joint seismic-and-electromagnetic monitoring for the modern geodynamic processes. We show a result diagram for the energy characteristic of the endogenous component of EM field.
Alternative energy sources as an integral part of the green economy concept
Authors: Timchuk O.G. , Trunova L.G. , Veselova Yu.V. , Sivaks A.N.
Published: June 2023

In Russia, the issue of renewable energy sources is far from unambiguous. On the one hand, Russian government has demonstrated strong political will to support the development of renewable energy by setting a target of 4.5 percent of total renewable electricity production and consumption by 2020. The national energy legislation was amended to achieve this goal. These steps sent positive signals to potential investors and the international community. On the other hand, support measures have been slowly implemented. There are still no federal laws that would make renewable energy investments profitable. Energy decarbonization and the desire to meet the criteria of the Paris climate agreement are dominant motives for this development. Climate and energy policies, new technologies, changing prices for gas, coal and carbon, and the growing consumption of renewable energy continue to challenge operators, developers and utilities in the energy system. The article examines opportunities for green energy that can boost the national economic growth, contribute to the development of the green economy and the implementation of environmental policies. The prerequisites for the development of a renewable energy market in Russia were identified; conditions and factors that affect the development of the environmentally friendly goods and services market were described. Legislative initiatives for the development of the alternative energy market, taking into account Russia’s participation in the Paris Climate Agreement, were analyzed. Examples of regional experience in implementing projects aimed to install wind and solar generators were provided. Trends in the development of the green economy in Russia were described. Conclusions about the need to expand the energy strategy of Russia were drawn. The need for the digitalization of the industry was emphasized.
Ecological problems of the visual environment in settlements
Authors: Chernysheva Natalia , Frantseva Tatiana , Pastukhov Vladislav , Sukhomlinova Alexandra , Maximenko Anna
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the problems of aggressiveness and homogeneity of the visual environment of settlements. The calculation of the coefficient of aggressiveness for the visual environment in the village of Maryanskaya along the streets of Severnaya and Shevchenko was carried out. The conclusion is made about the relevance of the problems under consideration for rural areas and cities.
Silvicultural and ecological assessment of renewal cuttings
Authors: Surina E.A. , Minin N.S.
Published: June 2023

The objects of research were forest plantations, passed through renovation rubles in the Arkhangelsk forestry of the Arkhangelsk region. Trial plots were established in spruce plantations (bilberry spruce forest and sphagnum spruce forest), on fresh haulage, in apiary, and on old haulage after felling more than 30 years ago. Based on the results of the research, a model was built, with the help of which it is consistently assessed during the course of the research what happens to the forest stand after cutting (on a fresh trail, 4-5 years after cutting) and after more than 30 years on an old trail. In the blueberry spruce forest, 4-5 years after felling, the amount of undergrowth increased slightly (by 1500 pieces/ha) compared to the forest stand and mainly due to self-sowing, the species composition was preserved - spruce, birch, aspen. After more than 30 years, there was a massive increase in undergrowth by 8 times. In the sphagnum spruce forest in the apiary, birch prevailed; immediately after felling, due to littering and the impact of machinery, undergrowth settlement was not observed. After more than 30 years, the number of undergrowth increased due to birch (69%). Thus, by evaluating the undergrowth and undergrowth in the blueberry type of forest, the felling strategy is updated. In the sphagnum type, reforestation processes continue and reforestation processes are still observed.
Influence of the top pressure on water removal from a vertical tube in a two-phase flow regime
Authors: Mugisho J.B. , Drozdov A.N.
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this work is to highlight the effects of wellhead pressure on the removal of water from its bottom. Tests were therefore carried out in a simulation laboratory on a test section represented by a vertical tube 600 mm long and 37 mm in diameter. It was therefore a question of working on a two-phase flow with air as gas and water as liquid. The velocity of the air injected into the tube was calculated taking into account the top and bottom pressures of the vertical tube. Related measurements and calculations were carried out and conclusions were drawn on the impact of the tube top pressure on the removal of water from the tube bottom, all by analogy to vertical gas extraction wells.