bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redefining "Political Islam" in Indonesia: Nahdlatul Ulama and Khittah '26
Authors: Bush Robin
Published: June 2014

Observers of Islam and Muslim politics in Indonesia over the past year could not fail to note the explosion of political parties bearing the banner of Islam as well as the reemergence of a discourse on a "political Islam" and the specter of an Islamic state that became a subject of anxiety among some and enthusiasm among others. This was hardly a new issue-Indonesians have struggled since even before the formation of their state to negotiate the relationship between Islam and the state. Indonesia's founding fathers, upon developing its Constitution, were mired in the debate over the role of Islam and the syari'ah in their new nation. This issue raised its head time and time again at key points during the Soekarno regime-as discussed below. Soeharto artificially muted the potential political role of Islam through enforcement of asas tunggal Pancasila and careful balancing of Islam with the military. Almost immediately after Soeharto fell, however, there was an explosion of political parties bearing the banner of Islam, and the discourse on the shape of the new Indonesian political system was dominated by the debate over the role of Islam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v7i2.709
Civil Society di Masyarakat Muslim: Pengalaman Indonesia
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: June 2014

This book presents a study on democracy and civil society in non-Western countries. Like other discourse on democracy and modernization, civil society emerged in the West with its specific culture and tradition. Therefore the development of discourse on civil society in non-Western countries has raised a question: Is a social system that emerged in a particular culture compatible to a society with different culture and tradition? Among other things, the book edited by Robert W. Hefner is aimed to answer the above mentioned question. The contents of the book consists of two parts. The first part puts forward articles written by political scientists and sociologists on structure and basic frame of civil society, then the second part contains various articles written by anthropologists and sociologists on the development of civil society in various non-Western countries. Experiences of applying civil democracy in non-Western countries, as discussed in the second part of the book, shout that the discourse on democracy and civil society is not a simple matter.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v7i2.713
Islam in Indonesian Foreign Policy: Assesing Impacts of Islamic Revivalism during the Soeharto Era
Authors: Azra Azyumardi
Published: June 2014

In the last two decades, the Islamic world has witnessed something of an Islamic revival. Indonesian Muslims to a certain extent are likewise affected by the euphoria of Islamic revivalism; and there is much evidence to suggest that Islam, like other religions in Indonesia, is also experiencing a revival. As a result frequently since the end of the 1980s, Muslims have succeeded in influencing the making of government domestic policy for the interests of Islam and Muslims. For this reason, it is interesting to consider how Muslims' increasing pressure on the government affect the course of Indonesia's foreign policy, so far as Islamic issues are at stake. This paper attempts to delineate the "role", or more appropriately the position of Islam in Indonesia's foreign policy by taking into consideration several cases, involving Islam directly or indirectly.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v7i3.701
Al-'Arābīyah and Basa Sunda: Ideologies of Translation and Interpretation among the Muslim of West Java
Authors: Zimmer Benjamin G.
Published: June 2014

This article reflects on these questions as they relate to the Sundanese-speaking population of western Java, Indonesia's second largest ethnic group. "Sundaneseness" is to a great extent defined by vernacular usage of the local language, basa Sunda, which is related to but distinct from Javanese, Indonesian, and the other Austronesian languages of the region. Speakers of Sundanese currently number more than 30 million, rivaling the populations of such countries as Canada, Morocco, and Kenya (and twice the population of their erstwhile colonizers, the Netherlands), yet Western scholarly literature on "Java" has paid them scant attention. Ethnographic studies of the island's Muslim communities, from Geertz's Religion of Java to Woodward's Islam in Java, have been similarly skewed towards the dominant Javanese ethno linguistic group inhabiting central and eastern Java.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v7i3.702
In Search of Identity: The Contemporary Islamic Communities in Southeast Asia
Authors: Hasan Noorhaidi
Published: June 2014

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the contribution of contemporary Islamic movements to the rise of the public sphere in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia. Implicit in this idea of "contribution" is the empowerment of Muslims as once disenfranchised groups within the context of the development of civil society. This analysis includes consideration of the following movements: The most phenomenal "Darul Arqam", a Kuala Lumpur-based movement that was banned by the South-East Asian authorities in mid 1994. With its own characteristics, "JIM (Malaysian Reformation Community)" is also interesting to study within the context of the political transformation of Malaysia. In the case of Indonesia, we encounter such contemporary movements as "Jamaah Hidayatullah" and "Darut Tauhid", two movements that exhibit a strong desire to empower Muslims in the social and economic realms. There is also a religious community known as "Jamaah Al-Turath al-Islami", that tends to with draw from the public sphere, yet maintains some hope to play a role in the political arena at some point.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v7i3.703
A Sudanese Scholar in the Diaspora: Life and Career of Ahmad Muhammad al-Suritti in Indonesia
Authors: Abushouk A. Ibrahim
Published: June 2014

This article will examine early life and career of Ahmad Muhammad al-Surkitti in the Sudan and Saudi Arabia, and critically assess his contribution to the Islah and Tajdid movements in Southeast Asia. Special attention will be as well paid to his intellectual and religious encounter with the 'Alawi Sayyids, who branded him as a "Wahhabi" and sometimes as a "preacher of the Sudanese Mahdi's teachings" in the Netherlands East Indies.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v8i1.695
The Meaning Interpreted: The Concept of Barakah in Ziarah
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: June 2014

This article deals with the socio-religious traditions of Javanese Muslims practicing ziarah rituals-visit to sacred tombs. Ziarah practice, especially to sacred tombs of Muslim Sufis, is regarded ibadah (pious acts). This article based on ziarah practice to Sunan Tembayat in Klaten, examines the notion of barakah (god's blessing), one of the most salient aspects of ziarah ritual, in the frame of popular beliefs. Focusing on the presence of the diverse interpretations of barakah, it evaluates changes in the way in which Javanese Muslim understand religion as reflected in their interpretation of barakah. It is argued by people who practice ziarah that barakah is the most important value of ziarab. When visitors to sacred tombs perform certain rituals, such as reciting Qur'ân, dhikr, tahlil, and meditation in their ziarah, they ask for barakah from the wali. However, people differ in the way in which they explain what the meaning of barakah. Some argue that the barakah is god's reward (pahala), transmitted through the wali. Other argues that the barakah derives from the wali, as he/she is close to God.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v8i1.696
Ḥarakah al-Ṭullāb wa al-Siyāsah: Dirāsat fi Mawqif al-Ṭullāb al-Muslimīn al-Indūnīsiyīn min al-Siyāsah bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Wildan Muhammad
Published: June 2014

Since the very beginning of Indonesian nationalism, students have been instrumental in Indonesian politics. The proto-nationalist student organization, Budi Utomo, established in 1908, was one of the central proponents of the nationalist movement at the turn of the century. Students also played a critical role in the political developments since 1965, when Orde Lama (Old Order) ended and the Orde Baru (New Order) began. The present article focuses on those students who were involved in the Muslim youth organization PII (Pelajar Islam Indonesia, Indonesian Muslim Students' Association), particularly on its dynamic political attitudes during the Old Order and New Order.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v8i1.697
Al-Turāth al-‘Ilmī al-Islāmī bi Indūnīsiyā: Dirāsat fī Tafsīray Malja’ al-Ṭālibīn wa Tamshīyāh al-Muslimīn li al-Shaykh al-Ḥajj Aḥmad Sanūsī
Authors: Umar Hasan Husain
Published: June 2014

Haji Ahmad Sanusi, the main figure with whom this article is concerned, is an activist and a productive writer. Born in Sukabumi from a Kyai family, he spent the first 20 years of his life in West Java, moving from one pesantren to another in pursuit of religious knowledge. He spent the next 5 years in Mecca, studying under the supervision of famous scholars. It was during his stay in Mecca that he became associated with not only the intellectual network in the Islamic world but also with the Ind (political) world. He became d supporter of Sarekat Islam (SI) and wrote a book, his first book, to defend it.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v8i1.698
Urban Sufism: The New Fluorishing Vivacity of Contemporary Indonesian Islam
Authors: Darmadi Dadi
Published: June 2014

Indonesia has maintained strong ties through social, economic and religious reciprocities with the heartland of Islam and corresponding to similar developments in other part of the Muslim world. As the largest Muslim country in the world, Indonesia is commonly known as a unique site for various forms of sociological representation of Islamic beliefs. Since at least the 13th century, Islam has been acknowledged as a formal religion embraced by diverse communities from the coastal areas to the rural interiors of the archipelago. One of the most profound and distinctive practices accepted by many Indonesian Muslims is the Islamic mystical expression, known as Sufism. Due to its distinctive nature and teachings, Sufism has often been depicted AS "low" or popular Islamic tradition vis a vis "high" and pristine Shari'ah-oriented Islamic tradition.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v8i1.700
Parental Injury and Psychological Health of Children
Authors: Rivara Frederick P. , McCarty Carolyn A. , Shandro Jamie , Wang Jin , Zatzick Douglas
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE:

To determine how parental injury affects the psychological health and functioning of injured as well as uninjured children.

METHODS:

We recruited 175 parent-child dyads treated at a regional trauma center in 4 groups: parent and child both injured in the same event, child-only injured, parent-only injured, and neither parent nor child met criteria for significant injury. The preinjury health and functioning of parents and children were assessed with follow-up at 5 and 12 months.

RESULTS:

Parents who were injured themselves showed higher levels of impairment in activities of daily living, quality of life, and depression at both follow-up assessments than parents who were not injured. Children in dyads with both parent and child injured had the highest proportion of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms at both 5 and 12 months. In addition, children with an injured parent but who were not injured themselves were more likely to report PTSD symptoms at 5 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

There were bidirectional effects of parental and child injury on the outcomes of each other. Injuries to the parent negatively affected the health-related quality of life of the injured children, over and above the effect of the injury itself on the child. Of great concern is the effect of parental injury on risk of stress and PTSD among uninjured children in the home.
Assessment of Musculoskeletal Toxicity 5 Years After Therapy With Levofloxacin
Authors: Bradley John S. , Kauffman Ralph E. , Balis Dainius A. , Duffy Ciaran M. , Gerbino Peter G. , Maldonado Samuel D. , Noel Gary J.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND:

Safety concerns for fluoroquinolones exist from animal studies demonstrating cartilage injury in weight-bearing joints, dependent on dose and duration of therapy. For children treated with levofloxacin or comparator in randomized, prospective, comparative studies for acute otitis media and community-acquired pneumonia, this 5-year follow-up safety study was designed to assess the presence/absence of cartilage injury.

METHODS:

Children enrolled in treatment studies were also enrolled in a 1-year follow-up safety study, which; focused on musculoskeletal adverse events (MSAE). Those with persisting MSAEs, protocol-defined musculoskeletal disorders, or of concern to the Data Safety and Monitoring Committee were requested to enroll in four additional years of follow-up, the subject of this report.

RESULTS:

Of the 2233 subjects participating in the 12-month follow-up study, 124 of 1340 (9%) of the levofloxacin subjects, and 83 of 893 (9%) of the comparator subjects were continued for 5-year posttreatment assessment. From children identified with an MSAE during years 2 through 5 posttreatment, the number that were “possibly related” to drug therapy was equal for both arms: 1 of 1340 for levofloxacin and 1 of 893 for comparator. Of all cases of MSAE assessed by the Data Safety and Monitoring Committee at 5 years’ posttreatment, no case was assessed as “likely related” to study drug.

CONCLUSIONS:

With no clinically detectable difference between levofloxacin- and comparator-treated children in MSAEs presenting between 1 and 5 years in these safety studies, risks of cartilage injury with levofloxacin appear to be uncommon, are clinically undetectable during 5 years, or are reversible.
Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Television Advertisements Among Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Duke Jennifer C. , Lee Youn O. , Kim Annice E. , Watson Kimberly A. , Arnold Kristin Y. , Nonnemaker James M. , Porter Lauren
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration does not regulate electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) marketing unless it is advertised as a smoking cessation aid. To date, the extent to which youth and young adults are exposed to e-cigarette television advertisements is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze trends in youth and young adult exposure to e-cigarette television advertisements in the United States.

METHODS:

Nielsen data on television household audiences’ exposure to e-cigarette advertising across US markets were examined by calendar quarter, year, and sponsor.

RESULTS:

Youth exposure to television e-cigarette advertisements, measured by target rating points, increased 256% from 2011 to 2013. Young adult exposure increased 321% over the same period. More than 76% of all youth e-cigarette advertising exposure occurred on cable networks and was driven primarily by an advertising campaign for 1 e-cigarette brand.

CONCLUSIONS:

E-cigarette companies currently advertise their products to a broad audience that includes 24 million youth. The dramatic increase in youth and young adult television exposure between 2011 and 2013 was driven primarily by a large advertising campaign on national cable networks. In the absence of evidence-based public health messaging, the current e-cigarette television advertising may be promoting beliefs and behaviors that pose harm to the public health. If current trends in e-cigarette television advertising continue, awareness and use of e-cigarettes are likely to increase among youth and young adults.
Adaptação transcultural dos Bancos de Itens de Ansiedade e Depressão do Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) para língua portuguesa
Authors: Castro Natália Fontes Caputo de , Rezende Carlos Henrique Alves de , Mendonça Tânia Maria da Silva , Silva Carlos Henrique Martins da , Pinto Rogério de Melo Costa
Published: June 2014

O Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS), estruturado em domínios físicos e psicossociais, superou lacunas ao propor nova ferramenta de avaliação de resultados aplicáveis às doenças crônicas com base em técnicas avançadas de estatística (TRI) e testes adaptativos computadorizados (CAT). O objetivo do estudo foi adaptar culturalmente os Bancos de Itens de Ansiedade e Depressão do PROMIS para a língua portuguesa. O processo seguiu rigorosas recomendações do FACIT por meio da tradução avançada, reconciliação, retrotradução, revisão do FACIT, revisores independentes, finalização das etapas pelo FACIT, pré-teste e incorporação dos resultados do pré- teste. A versão traduzida foi pré-testada em dez pacientes, sendo necessária a modificação nos itens 3, 46 e 53 de Ansiedade e no item 46 de Depressão. As alterações alcançaram a equivalência de significado e a versão final foi compatível com as habilidades linguísticas e culturais da população brasileira. Concluiu-se que a versão traduzida é semântica e conceitualmente equivalente aos originais.
Hipertensão arterial referida e utilização de medicamentos de uso contínuo no Brasil: um estudo de base populacional
Authors: Ferreira Reginara Alves , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Giatti Luana
Published: June 2014

O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à não utilização de algum medicamento de uso contínuo nos indivíduos de 30-79 anos que referiram hipertensão arterial na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD-2008), Brasil. Razões de prevalência (RP) e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%) foram obtidos por meio de regressão de Poisson. A proporção de indivíduos que não utilizava medicamentos de uso contínuo foi de 17%. Características positivamente associadas à não utilização foram: sexo masculino, residência nas regiões Norte, Nordeste, Centro-oeste e hábito de fumar. O não uso desses medicamentos diminuiu com a idade, renda domiciliar per capita, número de doenças crônicas e de consulta médica nos últimos 12 meses; foi menor entre os que tinham 11 anos e mais de estudo (RP = 0,92; IC95%: 0,86-0,98), nos que não trabalhavam nem estavam desempregados e nos que não realizavam atividade física. A adesão à terapia medicamentosa no controle de hipertensão arterial é necessária e requer investimento na atenção primária, na melhoria no acesso aos serviços de saúde e no enfretamento das desigualdades regionais, sociais e de gênero.
Déficit nutricional em crianças de uma cidade de grande porte do interior da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Jesus Gilmar Mercês de , Castelão Elizia Simões , Vieira Tatiana de Oliveira , Gomes Daiene Rosa , Vieira Graciete Oliveira
Published: June 2014

O estudo objetiva analisar o déficit nutricional de crianças de uma cidade de grande porte do interior da Bahia e os fatores socioambientais, características maternas e infantis associadas. Avaliou-se informações de duplas de mães e crianças de quatro anos, de uma coorte de nascidos vivos. O déficit nutricional foi definido pelo índice antropométrico estatura-para-idade (E/I), no ponto de corte -1 escore-z em relação à referência do Multicentre Growth Reference Study de 2006. As variáveis estudadas foram: características das crianças (peso ao nascer e gemelaridade) e maternas (idade na ocasião do parto, nível de instrução, paridade e realização de pré-natal) e fatores socioambientais (revestimento do piso e do teto domicílio, fonte da água consumida, canalização interna de água, água utilizada para o consumo e posse de geladeira). Utilizou-se a regressão logística para identificar os fatores associados ao déficit nutricional, o qual ocorreu em 24,6% das crianças. Peso insuficiente no nascimento, pré-natal inadequado, revestimento precário do piso do domicílio e ausência de canalização interna de água foram preditores do déficit nutricional entre as crianças do estudo. Os fatores associados ao déficit nutricional ratificam a contribuição de questões sociais na gênese da desnutrição.
Fatores associados ao consumo de dietas ricas em gordura em adultos de uma cidade no sul do Brasil
Authors: Rombaldi Airton José , Silva Marcelo Cozzensa da , Neutzling Marilda Borges , Azevedo Mario Renato , Hallal Pedro Curi
Published: June 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a frequência de consumo de dieta rica em gordura por adultos de 20 a 69 anos de Pelotas, RS, e analisar fatores associados. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 972 adultos. A frequência do consumo de gordura alimentar no ano anterior à pesquisa foi avaliada pelo questionário de Block, composto por quinze itens alimentares, pontuados de acordo com a frequência de consumo de alimentos com elevados teores de gordura. Cerca de 1/3 da população adulta (32,7%) consumia regularmente dieta rica em gordura. Para ambos os sexos, o consumo regular de gordura mostrou-se associado a idades mais jovens e consumo regular de refrigerantes e, somente para homens, aos níveis econômicos A/B. A frequência do consumo regular de alimentos ricos em gordura na população adulta residente no município de Pelotas encontra-se além das recomendações atuais do Ministério da Saúde. Políticas públicas que estimulem uma alimentação saudável são urgentemente necessárias.
Risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na população atendida em Programa de Educação Nutricional em Goiânia (GO), Brasil
Authors: Silva Maria Sebastiana , Silva Nathalia Barbosa e , Alves Ana Gabriella Pereira , Araújo Samantha Pereira , Oliveira Amanda Cristine de
Published: June 2014

O objetivo foi avaliar os fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em indivíduos atendidos no Programa de Educação Nutricional da Faculdade de Educação Física, da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Participaram 79 sujeitos, sendo 65 adultos e 14 adolescentes. Dados socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e doen ças prévias foram coletados por meio de anamnese, o hábito alimentar (HA) foi avaliado por um questionário de frequência alimentar e os índices antropométricos utilizados foram o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC). A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na população foi de 42,9% (n = 27) e a média da CC dos adultos foi de 82,67 ± 12,49, sendo que 45,1% apresentavam risco aumentado ou muito aumentado para doenças cardiovasculares. Aproximadamente 88,6% da população relatou a existência de DCNT na família. Dos avaliados, 75,0% praticavam exercícios físicos regularmente. Aqueles que eram tabagistas ingeriam álcool frequentemente e os sujeitos não fumantes eram os que mais praticavam atividade física. Em relação ao HA, a ingestão de frutas e hortaliças é realizada por 36,7% e 63,3% dos participantes ao menos uma vez/dia, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os avaliados possuem alta prevalência de exposição a, pelo menos, um fator de risco para DCNT.
Relação entre disfagia e tipos clínicos na doença de Parkinson
Authors: Monteiro Douglas , Coriolano Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales , Belo Luciana Rodrigues , Lins Otávio Gomes
Published: June 2014

A disfagia é um sintoma comum na doença de Parkinson, porém a causa e o mecanismo permanecem obscuros. Sabe-se que manifestações disfágicas podem provir de sintomas motores característicos da doença de Parkinson. Sendo assim, o estudo tem como objetivo investigar se a literatura indica a relação entre disfagia e os tipos clínicos (sintomas predominantes) na doença de Parkinson, e se a Levodopa influencia na deglutição desses pacientes. A busca foi realizada utilizando as bases de dados: portal da Bireme (Medline, Lilacs, Ibecs, Scielo, Biblioteca Cochrane, entre outros bancos desse portal) e portal Pubmed. Não houve restrição quanto ao ano de publicação e idioma. Os descritores utilizados foram: Parkinson or Parkinsonism and Deglutition or Swallowing or Swallow and Dysphagia and Levodopa. Foram encontrados 29 artigos, dos quais apenas 2 foram incluídos segundo os critérios de elegibilidade. Porém os artigos selecionados não fazem uma relação clara entre a disfagia e os sintomas clássicos da doença de Parkinson, entretanto demonstram resultados que apontam para uma melhora da deglutição após levodopa em alguns pacientes ou em pacientes com discinesia. São necessários novos estudos que possam esclarecer tal pergunta, contribuindo para norteamento de intervenções terapêuticas mais específicas e eficazes.
Processamento auditivo e afasia: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Nascimento Maria da Soledade Rolim do , Muniz Lilian Ferreira , Costa Maria Lúcia Gurgel da
Published: June 2014

A avaliação do Processamento Auditivo (PA) é um procedimento audiológico que fornece informações importantes relacionadas ao processo de compreensão do material linguístico. Com o objetivo de investigar as pesquisas que abordam a interface PA – Afasia foi realizada uma revisão sistemática tomando por referência os seguintes descritores e seus correlatos em língua inglesa: Afasia, Dicótico, Monótico, Processamento auditivo e Habilidades auditivas; a busca foi realizada no formato intersecção com o conectivo and. Os cinco estudos incluídos nesta pesquisa diferem em aspectos diversos nos seus objetivos, tais como localização da lesão, mudança da dominância hemisférica para linguagem, presença de vantagem da orelha esquerda em quadros de afasia, relação entre habilidades auditivas e linguagem e a extinção auditiva. Os trabalhos analisados sugerem que as abordagens acerca do processamento auditivo e afasia ocorreram sob duas perspectivas de funcionamento cortical: teoria localizacionista e teoria distribucionista, estando a maioria dos artigos (três), em consonância com a primeira corrente (localizacionista).
Nursing students and mental health education in primary care
Authors: MIYAI Fernanda Tiemi , BARROS Sônia , CORTES Jandro Moraes
Published: June 2014

The University of Sao Paulo School of Nursing (EEUSP) went through a period of transition from undergraduate syllabus between the years 2009 and 2010. This change was made to integrate basic and clinical cycles and to reduce fragmentation of the disciplines. The mental health nursing education was included in many modules including the primary care. This qualitative study aimed to identify how the service offered to people with mental illness was performed by 20 undergraduate students in the context of primary care and how they were prepared. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, in August 2012, in EEUSP. After thematic analysis, we separated in categories: Teaching-learning process, Basic Health Unit and Mental health-illness process. The socially constructed conception of madness added to the problems related to academic training may result in lack of preparation in nursing mental health care.
Comparação de modelos de assistência ao parto em hospitais públicos
Authors: Vogt Sibylle Emilie , Silva Kátia Silveira da , Dias Marcos Augusto Bastos
Published: June 2014

OBJETIVO Comparar os modelos colaborativo e tradicional na assistência ao parto e nascimento. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal realizado com 655 primíparas em quatro hospitais do sistema único de saúde em Belo Horizonte, MG, em 2011 (333 mulheres do modelo colaborativo e 322 do modelo tradicional, incluindo aquelas com trabalho de parto induzido e prematuro). Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas e levantamento de prontuários. Foram aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado para comparação e regressão logística múltipla para determinar associação entre o modelo e os desfechos analisados. RESULTADOS Houve diferenças significativas entre os modelos em relação ao nível de escolaridade e trabalho remunerado. No modelo colaborativo houve menor utilização da ocitocina (50,2% no modelo colaborativo versus 65,5% no modelo tradicional; p < 0,001), da ruptura artificial das membranas (54,3% no modelo colaborativo versus 65,9% no modelo tradicional; p = 0,012) e da taxa de episiotomia (16,1% no modelo colaborativo versus 85,2% no modelo tradicional; p < 0,001), e maior utilização de métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor (85,0% no modelo colaborativo versus 78,9% no modelo tradicional; p = 0,042). A associação entre o modelo colaborativo e a redução no uso da ocitocina, da ruptura artificial das membranas e da episiotomia manteve-se após o ajuste para fatores de confundimento. O modelo assistencial não esteve associado a complicações neonatais ou maternas nem à utilização de analgesia de condução. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados sugerem que o modelo colaborativo poderá reduzir as intervenções na assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto com resultados perinatais semelhantes.
Impacto do estresse na saúde de cortadores de cana
Authors: Priuli Roseana Mara Aredes , Moraes Maria Silvia de , Chiaravalloti Rafael Morais
Published: June 2014

OBJETIVO Analisar os níveis de estresse e a prevalência de sintomas físicos e psíquicos em trabalhadores do corte de cana antes e depois da safra. MÉTODOS Foram estudados 114 cortadores de cana, 109 trabalhadores urbanos na pré-safra, 102 cortadores de cana e 81 trabalhadores urbanos na pós-safra, na cidade de Mendonça, SP, em 2009. A análise dos dados baseou-se na frequência e porcentagem dos avaliados com sintomas de estresse, tendo sido utilizado o Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp-ISSL. Os dados gerais coletados foram analisados segundo estatística descritiva. Utilizou-se o teste Exato de Fisher para comparar a variável categórica representada pelo estresse pré e pós-safra nos grupos cortadores de cana e trabalhadores urbanos. Foram considerados significativos os valores de p menor que 0,05. RESULTADOS O estresse aumentou nos cortadores de cana após a safra (34,2% na pré-safra e 46,1% na pós-safra); nos trabalhadores urbanos, o estresse diminuiu de 44,0% na pré-safra para 42,0% na pós-safra. Houve predominância da fase de resistência do estresse para ambos os grupos, com sinais mais evidentes da fase de quase-exaustão e de exaustão para os cortadores de cana. Após a safra, houve tendência a aumentar o número de cortadores de cana com sintomas de quase-exaustão (6,4%) e exaustão (10,6%), bem como aumento na proporção de cortadores de cana com sintomas físicos (de 20,5% para 25,5%) e psicológicos (de 64,1% para 70,2%). Para os dois grupos, os sintomas psicológicos foram elevados nas duas fases (70,2% e 64,7%, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES O processo produtivo de trabalho do cortador de cana pode provocar estresse. Fatores individuais, como a percepção cognitiva da experiência, crenças de autoeficácia e expectativas do trabalhador quanto ao seu desempenho, podem influenciar o entendimento sobre as reações em seu corpo diante do trabalho.
Physico-chemical and sensory parameters of tomato cultivars grown in organic systems
Authors: Araujo Jacqueline C , Silva Paula PM , Telhado Samuel FP , Sakai Rogério H , Spoto Marta HF , Melo Paulo CT
Published: June 2014

The objectives of this research were to perform the physical, chemical and sensorial characterization, for hybrid and open pollinated tomato, within the Santa Cruz and Italian groups, aiming fresh consumption. A total of 14 fresh market tomato cultivars was used, six of them being experimental varieties and eight were commercial ones. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with six replicates and five plants per plot. For the chemicophysical analysis, samples of ripe fruits were randomly extracted from five plants in each plot, labeled and maintained under refrigeration at 5ºC until the next day after harvest. Afterwards, fruits of all cultivars were mixed, ground and divided in triplicates to be submitted to the physicochemical analysis. From the physicochemical analysis it was observed that the value of the ratio between soluble solids (SS)/titratable acidity (TA) was higher in the cultivars IAC 6 and IAC 3. In relation to the SS content, the highest values were obtained by cultivars IAC 1 and IAC 6. In order to evaluate the commercial value of the cultivars, a sensorial analysis was carried out with fruits tasted by 75 individuals, using a hedonic scale of seven points. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and grouping of means. The cultivars of the Italian group IAC 4, IAC 6, Netuno and Bari; as well as the cultivars of the Santa Cruz group IAC 1, IAC 5, HTV 0601 and Débora Victory reached the best scores in all the sensorial traits evaluated. All the cultivars presented reasonable quality of the fruits, with SS/TA ratio values higher than 16 and SS values higher than 4ºBrix.
Yield of tomato fruits in relation to silicon sources and rates
Authors: Marodin Josué C , Resende Juliano TV , Morales Rafael GF , Silva Maria LS , Galvão Alexandre G , Zanin Daniel S
Published: June 2014

There is controversy about the benefits of silicon (Si) on tomato plants. This element has structural and metabolic functions in the physiology of plants, generating benefits that may result in increased productivity of various plant species. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotechnical characteristics and the productivity of tomato plants according to the rates and sources of Si. The design was established in randomized blocks with factorial 3x5, corresponding to three sources of silicate (calcium silicate, potassium silicate and sodium silicate) and five doses of Si (equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha-1 of SiO2). The fertilization with Si increased the commercial productivity of tomato plants and reduced the occurrence of cracked fruits. Calcium and potassium silicates increased the Si levels on the leaves linearly with the increase of the doses, while sodium silicate reduced the levels in larger doses. Silicon fertilization increases the productivity of tomato plants with possible economic return on the use of this input.
Guidelines for TBM tunnelling in squeezing conditions – a case study
Authors: Barla G. , Barla M. , Bonini M. , Debernardi D.
Published: June 2014

This paper describes a study undertaken to derive hazard scenarios for the excavation of the Kishanganga hydroelectric project headrace tunnel, Kashmir, India. The tunnel is to be driven in poor rock mass conditions (meta-sandstones, meta-siltstones and shales) with expected squeezing behaviour under average to high overburden. The excavation is to be carried out using a double shield universal tunnel boring machine (TBM), with concurrent installation of a segmental lining (SL). The highly variable rock mass conditions and the limited data available, due to difficulty of access to the site, required a detailed preliminary study of the most relevant critical factors such as tunnel overburden, in situ state of stress and rock mass properties. Increasing levels of detail were adopted once the significant hazard scenarios for TBM jamming or overloading of the SL in short- and long-term conditions were outlined. The scenarios were first derived by simplified design methods with the rock mass represented as an elasto-plastic continuum. Subsequently, and following the results of laboratory tests on representative samples, numerical modelling studies were performed with the rock mass being modelled as an elasto-visco-plastic continuum.
Analytical solution for pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion in elastic–perfectly plastic soil
Authors: Zhou H. , Liu H. , Kong G. , Cao Z.
Published: June 2014

This note presents a new pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion model for elastic–perfectly plastic soil. The model accounts for the non-asymmetric characteristics of elliptical cavity expansion, which differ from conventional asymmetric cylindrical cavity expansion. A closed-form solution for the pressure–expansion relationship is used to predict the uplift capacity of strip anchors in undrained clay. Theoretical variations of the strip anchor breakout factor are compared with conventional cylindrical cavity expansion theory and laboratory test results and upper and lower bound finite-element limit analysis solutions from the literature. The results show that a pressure-controlled elliptical cavity expansion model can predict the uplift capacity of strip anchors in undrained clay more accurately than the conventional cavity expansion method at larger embedment depths (H/B>3). The proposed solution improves on the conventional cavity expansion theory and provides a new method for solving the non-asymmetric cavity expansion problem.
Discrete-element modelling of rock communition in a cone crusher using a bonded particle model
Authors: Li H. , McDowell G. , Lowndes I.
Published: June 2014

It is known that discrete-element method (DEM) modelling of rock size reduction can be achieved using two approaches – the population balance model (PBM) and the bonded particle model (BPM). However, only the PBM has been successfully used in DEM modelling of a cone crusher in the literature. The aim of this paper is to explore the feasibility of using the BPM to represent the size reduction of rock experienced within a cone crusher chamber. The feed rock particles were represented by isotropic dense random packing agglomerates. The simulation results were compared with the PBM simulation results and it was shown that the BPM cone crusher model was able to satisfactorily replicate the performance of a cone crusher and can provide a more accurate prediction of the percentage of fine products. In addition, the novel contribution of this work is that the rock feed material comprised particles of realistic shapes that break into more realistically shaped fragments compared with the fragments with defined shapes in the PBM.
Do small spores disperse further than large spores?
Authors: Norros Veera , Rannik Üllar , Hussein Tareq , Petäjä Tuukka , Vesala Timo , Ovaskainen Otso
Published: June 2014

In species that disperse by airborne propagules an inverse relationship is often assumed between propagule size and dispersal distance. However, for microscopic spores the evidence for the relationship remains ambiguous. Lagrangian stochastic dispersion models that have been successful in predicting seed dispersal appear to predict similar dispersal for all spore sizes up to ∼40 μm diameter. However, these models have assumed that spore size affects only the downwards drift of particles due to gravitation and have largely omitted the highly size‐sensitive deposition process to surfaces such as forest canopy. On the other hand, they have assumed that spores are certain to deposit when the air parcel carrying them touches the ground. Here, we supplement a Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model with a mechanistic deposition model parameterized by empirical deposition data for 1–10 μm spores. The inclusion of realistic deposition improved the ability of the model to predict empirical data on the dispersal of a wood‐decay fungus (aerodynamic spore size 3.8 μm). Our model predicts that the dispersal of 1–10 μm spores is in fact highly sensitive to spore size, with 97–98% of 1 μm spores but only 12–58% of 10‐μm spores dispersing beyond 2 km in the simulated range of wind and canopy conditions. Further, excluding the assumption of certain deposition at the ground greatly increased the expected dispersal distances throughout the studied spore size range. Our results suggest that by evolutionary adjustment of spore size, release height and timing of release, fungi and other organisms with microscopic spores can change the expected distribution of dispersal locations markedly. The complex interplay of wind and canopy conditions in determining deposition resulted in some counterintuitive predictions, such as that spores disperse furthest under intermediate wind, providing intriguing hypotheses to be tested empirically in future studies.
Coexistence and environmental filtering of species‐specific biomass in an African savanna
Authors: Colgan Matthew S. , Asner Gregory P.
Published: June 2014

Biomass density is a key metric of vegetation abundance, but understanding how community assembly processes, such as environmental filtering and competitive exclusion, affect biomass distributions of coexisting species has proven logistically challenging. Here we apply airborne remote sensing to study the ecosystem‐scale distribution of species‐specific, woody plant biomass and its relation to topographic and hydrologic gradients in a South African savanna. We also spatially analyzed variation in biomass among species to understand patterns of coexistence, mapping the species and biomass over one million trees across 10 500 ha. We found the biomass of dominant woody species to be weakly but significantly related to environmental filters, where a combination of 10 topographic and edaphic variables accounted for <15% of the variance in the biomass of any given species. Distance to nearest stream was the only environmental variable significantly correlated to all species' biomass. Despite an overall negative trend observed between the biomass of species pairs, we found a number of regions where the biomass of two species was similar or equal, and all species pairs exhibited some level of co‐occurrence. This suggests that even weak stabilizing mechanisms (e.g., environmental niches) can overcome fitness differences and balance competitive exclusion, enabling coexistence. Future work of repeated measurements of species‐specific biomass will provide a novel advance in understanding woody plant community assembly processes in natural ecosystems. Characterizing the species composition of biomass is an important advance in understanding the balance of community assembly processes and its control over current species assemblages.
Integration of Well-Test Deconvolution Analysis and Detailed Reservoir Modelling in 3D-Seismic Data Interpretation: A Case Study
Authors: Amudo C. , Turner J. , Frewin J. , Kgogo T. C. , Gringarten A. C.
Published: June 2014

This paper demonstrates how a combination of seismic data interpretation, advanced well test deconvolution analysis and detailed reservoir modeling helped address the concern of reservoir compartmentalization in the E-M field located offshore South Africa and thus significantly improve the history match. The reservoir is heavily faulted and many of the faults have no throw across them suggesting possible communication throughout the reservoir. Several simulation efforts in the past have failed to reconcile the connected hydrocarbons initially in-place estimated from material balance and those calculated volumetrically leading to unsubstantiated assumptions in order to attain a reasonable history match.

The paper draws on the strength of an integrated petroleum engineering study that included detailed fault mapping on the re-processed 3D seismic dataset. The latter was guided by the outcomes of recent deconvolution well test analyses and a revised geological model over the entire field. As a result of this study, a new structural and stratigraphic model that satisfactorily explained the historical production performance of the reservoir was proposed.

The field is located on a large tilted fault block, dominated by extensional structures with top reservoir locally truncated by the lower cretaceous synrift unconformity (1At1). The primary reservoir is synrift (pre-1At1) shallow marine and fluvio-deltaic sandstone within an upper shallow marine interval (USM). The new stratigraphic model recommends that, in addition to the extensive faulting, the reservoir stratigraphy may also be compartmentalised by field wide horizontal shale barriers. These shale barriers have prevented access to all the hydrocarbons by the existing production wells and presents opportunities for infill drilling in the reservoir.
Tight Gas Sands
Authors: Holditch Stephen A.
Published: June 2014

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering.

Introduction

Tight gas is the term commonly used to refer to low-permeability reservoirs that produce mainly dry natural gas. Many of the low-permeability reservoirs developed in the past are sandstone, but significant quantities of gas also are produced from low-permeability carbonates, shales, and coal seams. In this paper, production of gas from tight sandstones is the predominant theme. However, much of the same technology applies to tight-carbonate and gas-shale reservoirs.

In general, a vertical well drilled and completed in a tight gas reservoir must be successfully stimulated to produce at commercial gas-flow rates and produce commercial gas volumes. Normally, a large hydraulic-fracture treatment is required to produce gas economically. In some naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs, horizontal wells can be drilled, but these wells also need to be stimulated.

To optimize development of a tight gas reservoir, a team of geoscientists and engineers must optimize the number and locations of wells to be drilled, as well as the drilling and completion procedures for each well. Often, more data and more engineering manpower are required to understand and develop tight gas reservoirs than are required for higher-permeability conventional reservoirs. On an individual-well basis, a well in a tight gas reservoir will produce less gas over a longer period of time than one expects from a well completed in a higher-permeability conventional reservoir. As such, many more wells (closer well spacing) must be drilled in a tight gas reservoir to recover a large percentage of the original gas in place compared with a conventional reservoir.

Definition of Tight Gas Reservoir

In the 1970s, the U.S. government decided that the definition of a tight gas reservoir is one in which the expected value of permeability to gas flow would be less than 0.1 md. This definition was a political definition that has been used to determine which wells would receive federal and/or state tax credits for producing gas from tight reservoirs. Actually, the definition of a tight gas reservoir is a function of many physical and economic factors. The physical factors are related by Darcy's law, as shown in the stabilized, radial-flow equation, Eq. 1, (Lee 1982).