bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atividade antioxidante in vitro e in vivo de levana: Uma visão geral de pesquisas recentes
Authors: Siqueira Edmilson Clarindo de , Doboszewski Bogdan
Published: November 2024

As espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) são parte do metabolismo normal dos organismos vivos. Elas afetam o desempenho dos sistemas biológicos, resultando até mesmo no desenvolvimento de doenças. A eliminação das ROS representa uma estratégia eficaz na prevenção de doenças. Por sua vez, os antioxidantes são substâncias químicas que reduzem as ROS. Eles podem ter origem sintética ou de fontes naturais. Ao contrário dos antioxidantes sintéticos, os antioxidantes naturais normalmente não apresentam efeitos colaterais. Neste sentido, levana é um polissacarídeo de frutose obtido naturalmente de plantas e microrganismos. Suas propriedades biológicas incluem, principalmente, as atividades anticancerígena, antiinflamatória e antioxidante. Atualmente, levana recebeu uma atenção especial do ponto de vista de suas atividades antioxidantes. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma revisão sobre o potencial do biopolímero levana como agente antioxidante. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, em que os dados coletados foram analisados pela técnica da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados desta investigação mostraram que sua ação antioxidante levana depende de uma combinação de fatores, tais como origem microbiana, peso molecular, tipo de ensaio aplicado e a concentração polimérica. A análise dos resultados sugere que levana é um excelente eliminador de ROS, podendo combater algumas patologias associadas ao estresse oxidativo.
Percepção materna sobre os cuidados ao recém-nascido com hiperbilirrubinemia em fototerapia
Authors: Xavier Maria Vitória Souza , Pinto Maria Benegelania , Souza Maria Amélia de , Ramalho Marclineide Nóbrega de Andrade , Damázio Simara Lopes Cruz , Vieira Larissa Ellen Pereira
Published: November 2024

A hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal é caracterizada pelo aumento dos níveis séricos de bilirrubina na corrente sanguínea do neonato, atingindo um percentual considerado alto nessa população. A fototerapia é um dos tratamentos mais utilizados, sendo a primeira escolha terapêutica para hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal. O objetivo do estudo é compreender a percepção de mães sobre os cuidados ao recém-nascido com hiperbilirrubinemia em fototerapia. Estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório descritivo produzido por meio de observação participativa e entrevistas, analisadas pela Análise de Conteúdo Temática de Bardin. Participaram mães de recém-nascidos com hiperbilirrubinemia em fototerapia, realizado em um Hospital público no interior de Pernambuco. O resultado revelou que as percepções maternas tornam-se positivas ou negativas diante do que estão experienciando no diagnóstico da hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal e da fototerapia. Emergiram portanto 3 categorias temáticas: sentimentos de mães de RN com Hiperbilirrubinemia em fototerapia; Cuidados realizados pelas mães de RN em fototerapia e Comunicação da equipe de saúde sobre os cuidados aos RN com Hiperbilirrubinemia em fototerapia. Conclui-se, portanto, que, mães de recém-nascidos com hiperbilirrubinemia em fototerapia refletem através de suas percepções aquilo que estão vivenciando e as orientações que estão recebendo e/ou a divergência entre elas.
Lesões esportivas e tratamentos cirúrgicos avançados: Reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Coelho Mariane Lima , Gomes Marcelo Feitosa Batista , Bueno Luana Mendonça Marques Ramos , Bílio Isabelle Cristina Abreu , Azevedo David Salen Alves , Campelo Gabriella Silva Costa , Cortez Rafael Trombini Grizólia , Figueiredo Juliano Silva de , Oliveira Guilherme da Silva , Carvalho Geovanna Pozzebon , Silva André Luis Barros , Laurentino Alicy de Paula Ribeiro
Published: November 2024

Lesões esportivas, especialmente as do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), são frequentes em atletas e podem comprometer significativamente a funcionalidade do joelho e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados. Este estudo visa revisar os tratamentos cirúrgicos avançados para a reconstrução do LCA, explorando diferentes técnicas e suas implicações para a recuperação e o retorno às atividades esportivas. A metodologia aplicada envolve uma revisão narrativa da literatura utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, Google acadêmico e SciELO, analisando artigos sobre procedimentos como o uso de autoenxertos, técnicas artroscópicas e métodos combinados de reconstrução ligamentar. Os resultados mostram que, para a reconstrução do LCA, diversas técnicas são amplamente utilizadas, com diferenças significativas em termos de recuperação funcional e controle da dor pós-operatória. Além disso, avanços como o uso de enxertos mais espessos e técnicas minimamente invasivas têm demonstrado melhorar a estabilidade do joelho e reduzir a taxa de ruptura. Novas terapias, incluindo biomateriais e enxertos combinados com fatores de crescimento, estão em estudo para potencializar a integração e a cicatrização do enxerto. A lesão do LCA continua sendo um desafio importante no contexto esportivo, exigindo abordagens cirúrgicas personalizadas para garantir resultados funcionais satisfatórios. A combinação de técnicas tradicionais e inovações biomédicas apresenta um potencial significativo para melhorar o prognóstico dos pacientes, mas estudos adicionais são necessários para avaliar a eficácia a longo prazo dessas intervenções.
O uso de ultrassonografia para execução de raquianestesia em gestantes obesas: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Souza Cecília Sampaio de , Montenegro André Pinto , Motter Fábio Henrique , Correa Carolina Zaro , Leczko Mariana Tomasetto
Published: November 2024

A raquianestesia, também conhecida como bloqueio de neuroeixo, é amplamente utilizada como método anestésico em gestantes, especialmente em cesarianas. Esse procedimento envolve a aplicação de anestésico local no espaço subaracnóideo, entre as vértebras L3-L4, baseado na palpação dos marcos anatômicos da paciente. Durante a gestação, o corpo da mulher passa por várias mudanças significativas, sendo o ganho ponderal uma das mais evidentes. Esse aumento de peso é ainda mais expressivo em gestantes obesas, que apresentam índice de massa corporal (IMC) superior a 30 kg/m². Em pacientes obesas, os marcos anatômicos costumam ficar ocultos devido ao acúmulo de tecido adiposo, dificultando a realização da raquianestesia. Dada a complexidade desse cenário, surge a necessidade de métodos auxiliares que possam garantir a precisão do procedimento anestésico. A ultrassonografia lombar tem se destacado como uma ferramenta eficaz nesse sentido, possibilitando a visualização dos referenciais anatômicos de forma mais clara e precisa. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar os benefícios da ultrassonografia prévia à raquianestesia em gestantes obesas, propondo uma solução para as dificuldades encontradas e demonstrando, com base em estudos publicados, como essa tecnologia pode melhorar a segurança e a eficácia do bloqueio de neuroeixo.
Antropomorfismo e seus impactos no bem-estar de cães: Uma revisão sistemática das implicações psicofisiológicas da relação humano-animal
Authors: Araújo Ayanne Cybelle Ferreira de , Lima Maria Fernanda , Cavalcante Iris de Araújo , Silva Ana Luzia Peixoto da , Lacerda Bruno Jorge Mangueira , Rocha Katarine de Souza
Published: November 2024

O objetivo central deste trabalho é oferecer uma análise abrangente das práticas antropomórficas, suas motivações e impactos sobre o bem-estar físico, comportamental e emocional de cães, promover uma compreensão mais profunda desse fenômeno, contribuindo para o avanço do conhecimento acadêmico e conscientização sobre essa questão. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre o tema proposto, explorando os seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed; Science Direct; SciELO e Google Acadêmico, utilizando-se como palavras de busca: "Humanização", "Antropomorfismo", "Antropomorfização", "Bem-estar" “Animal” e "Cães". Esses mesmos termos foram empregados em suas traduções para o inglês. Os critérios de inclusão foram: (1) ser escritos em língua portuguesa ou inglesa (2) entre os períodos 2014 a 2024 (3) o foco da pesquisa foi apenas a espécie canina (4) com acesso livre. Para exclusão dos artigos foram considerados: (1) revisões de literatura e monografias, (2) artigos duplicados ou (3) quando o objetivo for outras espécies de animais. Foram selecionados 13 artigos. Observou-se que 38,46% possuíam caráter comportamental, destacando-se a ansiedade por separação (SAS) como um dos principais aspectos psicológicos, 46,15% davam enfoque a alterações nutricionais, como obesidade e problemas intestinais e 15,38% ressaltam os efeitos intrínsecos da humanização em raças braquicefálicas, mediante a alterações a partir da seleção genética. A partir dessas análises conclui-se que as implicações da humanização são multifacetadas. Ressalta-se a relevância de uma compreensão profunda das características individuais de cada espécie, da integração entre médicos veterinários, tutores e animais, como pilar fundamental para assegurar um ambiente propício à saúde e ao bem-estar dos cães.
Recent updates on systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ahn Jiyoung
Published: November 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with multifactorial pathogenesis and variable clinical presentation. Up to one-fifth of patients with AD develop moderate to severe disease that is often refractory to classical therapies and can compromise quality of life. This review summarizes recent clinical evidence on biological agents and small-molecule immunotherapies for the treatment of AD.
The Potential Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Long-Term Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Siddiqui Khalid , George Teena P
Published: November 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pervasive metabolic disorder associated with a spectrum of long-term adverse outcomes. Recent evidence indicates that women with GDM have a heightened subsequent risk of kidney disease. Persistent factors, both pre-gestational and postpartum, can contribute to these adverse outcomes years after a GDM pregnancy. Metabolic features such as insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction can lead to enduring microvascular alterations, ultimately resulting in long-term renal complications. The insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction that develop during GDM are chronic and progressive, increasing the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, all risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD).

While few studies have specifically investigated the independent association between GDM and subsequent renal dysfunction, a recent study examining the adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of CKD identified GDM as one of the independent risk factors. The findings of this review strongly recommend that women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes like GDM during their reproductive years should be well-informed about their long-term risk of kidney disease. This knowledge is essential for early preventive actions and follow-up care. In future, cardiometabolic surveillance and risk modification strategies in clinical practice are necessary to prevent maternal renal complications among women with a history of GDM.
A Case of Mauriac Syndrome Caused by Social Inequities in Healthcare: A Call to Action
Authors: Iglesias Steven , Dayal Noelle , Bansro Varinder , Akbari Sahra , Hannan Temur , Merhavy Zachary I. , Siddiqi Imran
Published: November 2024

Presented here is a case of Mauriac syndrome with persistent lactatemia in a 21-year-old female with a history of poor glycaemic control. Mauriac syndrome is a severe complication of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) characterised by glycogen accumulation in the liver leading to hepatomegaly. Mauriac syndrome is considered to be a very rare and preventable complication due to better treatment options for T1DM. Most cases of Mauriac syndrome today involve children and adolescents who face socioeconomic inequities that prevent them from accessing adequate healthcare and affording insulin, as is the case with this patient. The combination of low health literacy, insulin unaffordability, and difficulty accessing healthcare for her chronic condition all contributed to her poorly controlled T1DM. It has been well established that insulin has become difficult to afford for insulin-dependent patients. An alarming one out of four insulin-dependent patients have rationed their doses due to the high cost of insulin. Progress has been made to cap the price of insulin at 35 USD to prevent price-gouging for certain populations in the USA but not all. Young patients with poorly controlled T1DM and low socioeconomic status require higher levels of social support and public health intervention to prevent serious complications of T1DM such as Mauriac syndrome.
Научно-методические основы разработки симулятора работы с геодезическим оборудованием
Authors: Кирилов Никита Александрович , Хорошилов Валерий Степанович
Published: November 2024

Один из наиболее перспективных способов улучшения процесса обучения – использование технологий виртуальной реальности (VR), позволяющих комбинировать зрительную активность студентов с другими методами обучения для более эффективного усвоения информации. В данной статье рассматриваются этапы создания симулятора работы с геодезическим оборудованием. Основное внимание уделяется разработке концептуальной модели на базе программных продуктов Unity и Blender, а также использованию технических средств виртуальной реальности. Исследуются алгоритмы разработки и функционирования симулятора, структурные элементы и особенности адаптации к современным требованиям образовательного процесса; формулируются научно-методические положения, отражающие особенности обучения при использовании VR.
Зависимость геотехнических параметров от сезона наблюдений на площадках строительства уникальных зданий и сооружений вблизи меандрирующих рек
Authors: Морозов Артем Викторович , Баранов Владимир Николаевич
Published: November 2024

При проектировании и строительстве таких уникальных зданий и сооружений (УЗиС), как гидроэлектростанции (ГЭС), атомные электростанции (АЭС), гидроаккумулирующие электростанции (ГАЭС), проводятся комплексные геотехнические наблюдения (гидрогеологические, геофизические, геодезические) сначала при выборе оптимальной площадки строительства, далее при мониторинговых наблюдениях. Однако далеко не всегда эти параметры оцениваются совместно, что может внести неконтролируемые погрешности в высоты пунктов геодинамического полигона (ГДП) как исходной сети при строительстве и мониторинге УЗиС. Целью публикации является анализ многолетних геотехнических параметров (гидрогеологических, геофизических, геодезических), влияния изменения уровня грунтовых вод на высоты пунктов ГДП вблизи крупного речного массива в разные сезоны года, а также демонстрация амплитудных изменений высот и силы тяжести из-за изменения уровня грунтовых вод. Доказывается коррелированность геотехнических параметров между собой. Ставится вопрос о необходимости совершенствования нормативной документации в части проектирования ГДП и разработки методики учета разносезонных наблюдений при существенном изменении гидрогеологической ситуации (на примере меандрирующей реки). Данная категория рек уникальна тем, что в ней наблюдаются зоны ускорения и замедления водного потока, приводящие к дополнительным нагрузкам на прибрежные зоны и секторному заполнению участков территории. Обосновывается выбор и расположение исходных пунктов ГДП вне зоны влияния рассмотренных явлений, выполнения двух и более циклов мониторинговых круглогодичных наблюдений на ГДП. Демонстрируется эффективность применения геодезических высот по выявлению суммарных, упругих и остаточных деформаций.
Анализ землепользования и температуры поверхности земли по спутниковым изображениям города Мендефера
Authors: Сереке Темесген Эйяссу , Братков Виталий Викторович , Тесфай Тумузги
Published: November 2024

Урбанизация приводит к изменению землепользования (LULC), что также влияет на температуру поверхности земли (LST). В исследовании рассматриваются изменения LULC и их влияние на LST в городе Мендефера, Эритрея (1992–2022 гг.) с использованием полевых данных и данных Landsat. Классификация LULC на исследуемой территории была проведена для 1992, 2002, 2012 и 2022 гг. с использованием алгоритма опорных векторов (SVM). Исследуемая территория была классифицирована на четыре основных класса LULC, а именно: сельскохозяйственные земли, используемые для животноводства, древесная растительность, застройка и сельскохозяйственные земли, используемые для земледелия. В ходе исследования были отмечены значительные изменения LULC с 1992 по 2022 г. на исследуемой территории. Сельскохозяйственные земли, используемые для животноводства, и древесная растительные территории сократились на 35,64 и 73,41 % соответственно, в то время как застроенные и сельскохозяйственные земли, используемые для земледелия, увеличились на 487,30 и 71,57 % соответственно. Среднее значение LST для 1992 и 2022 г. составило 21,9 и 31,79 ˚C соответственно. Во все исследуемые годы наибольшее и наименьшее значение LST наблюдалось на застроенных и древесных растительных территориях. Наблюдалась отрицательная корреляция между NDVI и LST для всех лет. Таким образом, данное исследование поможет исследователям, градостроителям и менеджерам в изучении и внедрении соответствующих механизмов планирования для снижения влияния LST.
Оценивание информативности разнородных признаков объектов дистанционного зондирования Земли
Authors: Сквазников Михаил Алексеевич , Колыгин Дмитрий Леонидович
Published: November 2024

Данные дистанционного зондирования Земли применяются для информационного обеспечения широкого спектра задач в проектировании, производстве и контроле функционирования объектов различных секторов экономики. При обработке аэрокосмических снимков наиболее трудоемким и трудно поддающимся автоматизации является этап дешифрирования получаемых изображений, который представляет собой процесс распознавания образов. Ключевым элементом процесса распознавания объектов являются их признаки. Показателем качества признаков объектов наблюдения предлагается считать их информативность, определяемую как изменение энтропии системы распознавания при использовании признака, к начальной энтропии распознающей системы. Предложен метод определения оценок условных априорных вероятностей принятия признаком значений, соответствующих определенному классу, на основе анализа статистических совокупностей. Разработана математическая модель информативности набора признаков объекта дистанционного зондирования Земли. Обусловлена необходимость космического мониторинга состояния объектов нефтепромышленного комплекса в режиме штатного функционирования и чрезвычайных ситуаций. Представлен пример применения разработанной математической модели информативности набора признаков для анализа состояния объектов нефтепромышленного комплекса по данным дистанционного зондирования Земли.
Computation of Novel Binomial Series and Theorems using Geometric Series
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, the growing complexity of mathematical and computational modelling demands the simplicity of mathematical equations for solving today’s scientific problems and challenges. In this paper, the author introduces a novel binomial series and its theorems for applications of science and technology. This computing technique can enable the researchers for further involvement in research and development.
Samer, självmord och historiska trauman
Authors: Hjelm Jonny
Published: November 2024

Sami, suicide and historical trauma
This article describes and analyses Swedish research on suicide among Sami over the past 25 years. It focuses on how two studies published in 2004 and 2005, which showed that the Sami had no excess mortality in suicide, were subsequently reinterpreted during the 2010s, whereby they came to support researcher-driven knowledge production that showed excess mortality by suicide among the Sami linked to mental illness, colonial oppression and historical trauma. In both research and social debate there was even talk of a "suicide wave" among the Sami, and research projects that referred to "alarming" scientific reports concerning suicide among the Sami were initiated. However, in the early 2020s, new empirically thorough studies showed that the concern was unjustified with respect to mental illness (concerning Sami in general) and reindeer-herding Sami, the subcategory identified as particularly affected by suicide. What had long been perceived as an accepted truth, supported by research, was thus no longer valid. This article argues that the 2010s' researcher-driven knowledge production about widespread mental illness and high suicide rates among the Sami was partly an expression of the impact of the international ideology of indigenism. One of its ideological cornerstones is victimhood and vulnerability, but also the indigenous collective mobilisation that can emerge from this position. Here influential researchers inserted their results and interpretations into indigenism and the social force it represents. In addition to the ideological influence, there was, at the scientific system level, excessive written knowledge production paired with poorly functioning peer reviews.
Gerotranscendence and satisfaction with life: contributions of the centrality of events and religiosity
Authors: Olivera Mercedes , Prozzillo Paola , Simkin Hugo
Published: November 2024

Tornstam identified a potential maturation process during aging that leads to a new vision and understanding of life, which he called gerotranscendence and which proved to be linked to the maintenance of well-being levels. Although his contributions have aroused considerable interest, they have also prompted much criticism. In order to empirically explore the proposal, an incidental sample of 370 Argentine adults was administered a battery of instruments that evaluated: age, spiritual transcendence, life satisfaction, centrality of events, and religiosity. The results indicate that age partially explains spiritual transcendence, just as age partially explains life satisfaction. However, the relationship between age and spiritual transcendence is not exclusive to old age. On the other hand, in the exploration of latent variables at chronological age, the centrality of events makes it possible to partially explain both the variance of spiritual transcendence and life satisfaction. While religiosity, in its socio-community contribution, is excluded from the explanatory model of gerotranscendence. Future studies should delve into the possible latent variables at chronological age and the socio-community contributions that could add to the understanding of the link between aging, spiritual transcendence and well-being.
Evidências de validade da Escala de Fatalismo Social (EFS) no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Campani Filipe , Taborda de Souza Filho Paulo Roberto , Carlotto Mary Sandra , Gonçalves Câmara Sheila
Published: November 2024

Fatalismo Social (FS) é definido como um esquema de crenças caracterizado por passividade, resignação, crítica reduzida e pouco controle em relação às contingências da vida. Esse estudo transversal apresenta o processo de adaptação da Escala de Fatalismo Social (EFS) e a análise de suas evidências de validade para o contexto brasileiro. Participaram 213indivíduos. O instrumento foi adaptado para o contexto brasileiro e aplicado junto à Escala de Lócus de Controle de Levenson (ELCL). O modelo original da escala foi testado mediante análise fatorial confirmatória, que apresentou índices de ajustes adequados: CFI = 0,97; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,07 (I.C = 0,05–0,08). Os coeficientes de consistência interna foram satisfatórios para a escala total (α = 0,83, ωt = 0,79), e para as dimensões de Predeterminação (α = 0,90, ωt =  0,91) e Presentismo (α = 0,78, ωt = 0,80); foram moderados nas dimensões de Ausência de controle (α = 0,68,  ωt = 0,70) e Pessimismo (α = 0,54, ωt = 0,66). Quanto às evidências de validade convergente, a EFS apresentou correlações significativas e positivas com a dimensão de Locus de Controle Externo da ELCL. O uso da EFS pode contribuir para uma avaliação efetiva da presença e intensidade do FS nos esquemas cognitivos de processamento de informações da população brasileira.
Asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la impulsividad en estudiantes universitarios: influencia del sexo
Authors: Vázquez Moreno Almitra - , Martínez-Velázquez Eduardo Salvador , Negrete-Cortés Agustín Jaime , García-Gomar María Luisa
Published: November 2024

El consumo de alcohol es un problema de salud pública con consecuencias sociales negativas entre las que se incluyen: el desarrollo de adicciones, enfermedades, accidentes y muerte prematura. Existen distintos factores que influyen en el consumo de alcohol, algunos sociales y otros biológicos, entre ellos se encuentra el sexo y los rasgos de personalidad como la impulsividad. Tradicionalmente se ha estudiado la relación entre el alcohol y la impulsividad entre consumidores con dependencia, entre los que se ha reportado de forma generalizada mayor impulsividad. Sin embargo, no es claro si esta relación es similar entre hombres y mujeres.  El presente trabajo explora la relación de las variables de género, la impulsividad y el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios. Se evaluaron de forma virtual 255 estudiantes (186 mujeres y 69 hombres) quienes contestaron los cuestionarios UPPS-P y el AUDIT. Se observó una correlación entre el comportamiento impulsivo y el consumo de alcohol. Sin embargo, al dividir la muestra por género, la correlación entre la impulsividad y el consumo de alcohol se mantuvo únicamente en el género femenino. Las dimensiones de la impulsividad parecen estar relacionadas de manera diferente con el consumo de alcohol en hombres y mujeres. Los presentes resultados se dirigen a considerar en estudios futuros y en los diseños de programas de intervención, las diferencias de género vinculadas con la impulsividad y su relación en el consumo, desarrollo y mantenimiento de la adicción.
Pengaruh Teknologi Terhadap Pengalaman Membaca Sastra: Studi Kasus Pada Pembaca E-book dan Buku Cetak dalam Membaca Novel Klasik Inggris
Authors: Hidayati Eka
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelitipengaruh teknologi terhadap pengalaman membaca sastra, dengan fokus pada perbandingan antara pembaca e-book dan pembaca buku cetak dalam konteks membaca novel klasik Inggris. Metode penelitian melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui survei daring, eksperimen kontrol dengan pembagian responden menjadi dua kelompok, dan analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan baru tentang bagaimana teknologi memengaruhi cara kita membaca sastra.
A Review of Flow Control Strategies for Supersonic/Hypersonic Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Lee Shibo , Zhao Yunlong , Luo Jiaqi , Zou Jianfeng , Zhang Jifa , Zheng Yao , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2024

Supersonic and hypersonic flows have gained considerable attention in the aerospace industry in recent years. Flow control is crucial for refining the quality of these high-speed flows and improving the performance and safety of fast aircraft. This paper discusses the distinctive characteristics of supersonic flows compared to low-speed flows, including phenomena such as boundary layer transition, shock waves, and sonic boom. These traits give rise to significant challenges related to drag, noise, and heat. Therefore, a review of several active and passive control strategies is provided, highlighting their significant advancements in flow transitions, reducing drag, minimizing noise, and managing heat. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive analysis of various research methodologies used in the application of flow control engineering, including wind tunnel testing, flight testing, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This work gives an overview of the present state of flow control research and offers insights into potential future advancements.
Evaluation of residual palmer amaranth control with herbicides coated on fertilizer
Authors: Linn Summer L. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Barber Tom , Thrash Benjamin , Roberts Trenton
Published: November 2024

Herbicide-coated fertilizers have the potential to provide lasting control of problematic weeds while simultaneously reducing the risk of injury to cotton, thus reducing yield penalties. Therefore, research was conducted in Fayetteville and Marianna, AR, to evaluate which herbicides coated on fertilizer provide lasting control of Palmer amaranth without increased risk of cotton injury. Eight herbicides were coated onto a blend of 196 kg ha-1 of urea and 112 kg ha-1 of muriate of potash and applied at the 6- to 8-leaf growth stage over the top of cotton. In Marianna, florpyrauxifen-benzyl provided the lowest control, which was 73% averaged over 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT). The level of control provided by florpyrauxifen-benzyl did not differ from the other treatments in Fayetteville. While some herbicide treatments did have decreased control by 28 DAT, they were still effective, providing no less than 93% control. Palmer amaranth density differed among herbicides only in Marianna, where florpyrauxifen-benzyl-treated plots had a higher weed density. None of the herbicide treatments in either of the experiments caused any adverse effects on the crop as measured by visual injury, seedcotton yield, and crop groundcover. Most of the coated fertilizer treatments provided high levels of Palmer amaranth control and demonstrated the weed management potential of this herbicide application method. These results highlight the potential of implementing herbicides that are not labeled for over-the-top postemergence applications in cotton as coated fertilizers, as this method reduces the risk of injury and yield penalties.
The Acari Hypothesis, V: deciphering allergenicity
Authors: Retzinger Andrew C. , Retzinger Gregory S.
Published: November 2024

The Acari Hypothesis posits that acarians, i.e., mites and ticks, are operative agents of allergy. It derived from observations that allergens are molecular elements of acarians or acarian foodstuffs. A corollary of The Hypothesis provides how acarian dietary elements are selected as allergens; namely, a pattern recognition receptor native to the acarian digestive tract complexes with dietary molecules problematic to the acarian. By virtue of its interspecies operability, the receptor then enables not only removal of the dietary elements by the acarian immune system, but also—should such a complex be inoculated into a human—production of an element-specific IgE. Because pattern recognition receptors bind to molecules problematic to the organism from which the receptors originate, it follows that molecules targeted by adaptive IgE, i.e., allergens, must be problematic to acarians. This claim is supported by evidence that host organisms, when infested by acarians, upregulate representative members of allergenic molecular families. Appreciation of the relationship between allergens and acarians provides insight well beyond allergy, shedding light also on the anti-acarian defenses of many living things, especially humans.
Perinatal behavioral patterns during and after human-animal interactions in rangeland breeding ewes
Authors: Schiller Kaleiah , Horback Kristina
Published: November 2024

Consistent individual behavioral differences (CIDs) among livestock are known to be inherent qualities of the animal that are repeatable over time and across contexts and can be related to production. Shepherds rely on qualities of the ewe to promote lamb health, survival, and performance, and selecting ewes based on desirable phenotypes may be one way to benefit lamb outcome. Previous research indicates that traits observed among breeding ewes in restrained contexts during human-animal interactions (HAIs) may have a greater association with maternal care and lamb outcome than responses in an open testing environment. The current study investigated the relationship between several behaviors in multiparous ewes (n = 42) in two distinct contexts: 1) human-animal interactions, with no lamb present, during post-breeding, gestation, and weaning, which were performed three times per year for 2 years (six trials in total), and 2) HAIs, with the lamb present, after parturition once per year for 2 years (two trials in total). Tests without the lamb present included a Human Contact, Presence, and Approach test within each of the six trials, and tests with the lamb present included a Lamb Handling and Tie Down test. General additive models with a random term for individual were used to investigate the relationship between behaviors from outside of the lambing season to behaviors within the lambing season. The proportion of time in the ‘peripheral zone’ in the Human Presence test, at post-breeding, was a significant negative predictor of ‘environmental vigilance’ (i.e., being on look-out rather than attending to lamb) in the Lamb Tie Down test (P=0.02). A post-hoc negative relationship was found between ‘environmental vigilance’ and ‘sniffing/grooming’ the lamb in the Lamb Tie Down test. In addition, sheep who were more environmentally vigilant in the Lamb Tie Down test were less avoidant of the human in the Human Presence test (post-breeding). Weaning weights, yet not birth weights, were highly repeatable within ewes [R=0.70, P=0.001, CI(0.29, 0.91)], and weaning weight models were improved with the inclusion of time in the ‘peripheral zone’ in the Human Presence test and grooming and ‘environmental vigilance’ in the Lamb Tie Down test. Of note, the avoidance of the human, when the lamb was not present, was associated with weaning weights and therefore could be considered as a metric to consider when selecting ewes. Ewe behavior in response to humans outside of the lambing season be useful in gauging future maternal behavior (i.e., grooming) and lamb birth and weaning weights.
ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a-based, fast and specific diagnostic detection for Chlamydia pneumoniae
Authors: Zhou Yanxia , Yan Zijun , Zhou Shi , Li Weiwei , Yang Hongyu , Chen Hongliang , Deng Zhongliang , Zeng Qilin , Sun Peiyuan , Wu Yimou
Published: November 2024

Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is a specialized intracellular parasitic pathogen capable of causing pneumonia, sinusitis, bronchitis, and other respiratory diseases, which pose significant public health challenges. Therefore, rapid, accurate, and sensitive diagnosis is crucial for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases caused by C. pneumoniae. In this study, we combined enzymatic recombination amplification (ERA) with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) 12a system (CRISPR/Cas12a) to develop a dual detection platform termed the Cpn-ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a dual system. This system integrates both the ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a fluorescence system and the ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a lateral flow system. Detection results can be measured using a fluorescence detector or observed with the naked eye on lateral flow strips. The fluorescence system and the lateral flow system detect C. pneumoniae in 30 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively. This dual system exhibits no cross-reactivity with the other seven pathogens, demonstrating high specificity, and achieves a sensitivity of 100 copies/µL. Additionally, the Cpn-ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a dual system was employed to analyze 39 clinical samples, comprising 19 positive and 20 negative samples. The detection rate for positive samples was 100%, with no positive results in the negative samples, indicating a high level of concordance with qPCR results. In summary, the Cpn-ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a dual system represents a novel tool for diagnosing C. pneumoniae and holds promising application potential in grassroots community hospitals.
Artificial intelligence in predicting pathogenic microorganisms’ antimicrobial resistance: challenges, progress, and prospects
Authors: Li Yan , Cui Xiaoyan , Yang Xiaoyan , Liu Guangqia , Zhang Juan
Published: November 2024

The issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic microorganisms has emerged as a global public health crisis, posing a significant threat to the modern healthcare system. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies has brought about revolutionary changes in this field. These advanced computational methods are capable of processing and analyzing large-scale biomedical data, thereby uncovering complex patterns and mechanisms behind the development of resistance. AI technologies are increasingly applied to predict the resistance of pathogens to various antibiotics based on gene content and genomic composition. This article reviews the latest advancements in AI and ML for predicting antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. We begin with an overview of the biological foundations of microbial resistance and its epidemiological research. Subsequently, we highlight the main AI and ML models used in resistance prediction, including but not limited to Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, and Deep Learning networks. Furthermore, we explore the major challenges in the field, such as data availability, model interpretability, and cross-species resistance prediction. Finally, we discuss new perspectives and solutions for research into microbial resistance through algorithm optimization, dataset expansion, and interdisciplinary collaboration. With the continuous advancement of AI technology, we will have the most powerful weapon in the fight against pathogenic microbial resistance in the future.
DegS regulates the aerobic metabolism of Vibrio cholerae via the ArcA-isocitrate dehydrogenase pathway for growth and intestinal colonization
Authors: Zhao Jiajun , Huang Xiaoyu , Li Qingqun , Ren Fangyu , Hu Huaqin , Yuan Jianbo , Wang Kaiying , Hu Yuanqin , Huang Jian , Min Xun
Published: November 2024

Aerobic respiration is the key driver of Vibrio cholerae proliferation and infection. Our previous transcriptome results suggested that degS knockout downregulates a few genes involved in NADH and ATP synthesis in the aerobic respiratory pathway. In this study, non-targeted metabolomics results showed that the differential metabolites affected by degS knockout were associated with aerobic respiration. Further results suggested that the key products of aerobic respiration, NADH and ATP, were reduced upon degS deletion and were not dependent on the classical σE pathway. The two-component system response factor aerobic respiration control A (ArcA) is involved in regulating NADH and ATP levels. qRT-PCR demonstrated that DegS negatively regulates the transcription of the arcA gene, which negatively regulates the expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), a key rate-limiting enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. NADH and ATP levels were partially restored with the knockout of the arcA gene in the ΔdegS strain, while levels were partially restored with overexpression of ICDH in the ΔdegS strain. In a growth experiment, compared to the ΔdegS strain, the growth rates of ΔdegSΔarcA and ΔdegS-overexpressed icdh strains (ΔdegS+icdh) were partially restored during the logarithmic growth period. Colonization of the intestines of suckling mice showed a significant reduction in the colonizing ability of the ΔdegS strain, similar colonizing ability of the ΔdegS::degS strain and the wild-type strain, and a partial recovery of the colonizing ability of the ΔdegS+icdh strain. Overall, these findings suggest that the DegS protease regulates the expression of ICDH through ArcA, thereby affecting the NADH and ATP levels of V. cholerae and its growth and intestinal colonization ability.
Integrating enzyme-nanoparticles bring new prospects for the diagnosis and treatment of immune dysregulation in periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Wang Zhiyi , Shen Shijiao , Wang Junzhe , Cao Jun , Deng Yongqiang , Meng He , Ma Lin
Published: November 2024

Enzymes play a significant role in mediating inflammatory and immune responses in periodontitis. Effective diagnosis, timely treatment, and continuous management of periodontal enzymes are essential to prevent undesirable consequences; however, this remains a significant challenge. Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention in biomedicine because of their advantageous nanosized effects. NPs are conjugated with specific enzyme substrates at responsive sites that are triggered by periodontitis enzyme biomarkers, leading to functional or characteristic changes. In contrast, NPs with enzyme-mimetic activities exhibit catalytic activity, effectively destroying pathogenic biofilms and modulating the immune response in periodontitis. The unique properties of enzyme-targeting NPs have enabled the development of biosensors and fluorescent probes capable of identifying enzyme biomarkers associated with periodontitis. Enzyme-responsive and enzyme-mimetic NPs both exert therapeutic applications in the treatment of periodontitis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the enzymes associated with periodontitis, the mechanisms of enzyme-responsive and enzyme-mimetic NPs, recent advancements in the use of NPs for detecting these enzymes, and the therapeutic applications of NPs in targeting or mimicking enzyme functions. We also discuss the challenges and prospects of using NPs in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.
Effective control mechanisms of research on climate engineering techniques for the public good—The London Protocol regulatory approach as a role model
Authors: Ginzky Harald , Oschlies Andreas
Published: November 2024

Climate engineering, including Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Modification techniques, increasingly gets into the public discussion on effective climate change policies. As most of these techniques are still in their infancy, the critical question arises whether and how in situ research and development should be controlled and governed by competent governmental authorities. In this context, public funding may serve as a pivotal factor alongside appropriate regulatory approaches and may itself also be regulated by legal mechanisms. We here argue that the London Protocol, that includes regulation of research into marine geoengineering, is a promising role model also for regulating other climate engineering approaches, including -if ever appropriate- solar radiation modification techniques. We propose to consider the London Protocol as a role model for governance schemes to be developed for emerging research and possible deployment efforts regarding climate engineering.
A theoretical integration of the social skill deficit vulnerability model and social determination theory to examine young adult loneliness
Authors: Curran Timothy , Elwood Rebecca E.
Published: November 2024

Loneliness is an urgent public health crisis that is associated with deleterious outcomes such as early mortality and mental health issues. This study investigates how interpersonal communication apprehension is linked to loneliness through the basic psychological human needs. Guided by a theoretical integration of the social skill deficit vulnerability model and basic psychological needs theory, we examined survey reports from 406 participants. The results showed that interpersonal communication apprehension was related to all three basic psychological needs. Moreover, competence significantly mediated the link between apprehension and loneliness. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
A novel, machine-learning model for prediction of short-term ASCVD risk over 90 and 365 days
Authors: Gazit Tomer , Mann Hanan , Gaber Shiri , Adamenko Pavel , Pariente Granit , Volsky Liron , Dolev Amir , Lyson Helena , Zimlichman Eyal , Pandit Jay A. , Paz Edo
Published: November 2024

Background

Current atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment tools like the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCEs) and PREVENT™ scores offer long-term predictions but may not effectively drive behavior change. Short-term risk predictions using mobile health (mHealth) data and electronic health records (EHRs) could enhance clinical decision-making and patient engagement. The aim of this study was to develop a short-term ASCVD risk prediction model for hypertensive individuals using mHealth and EHR data and compare its performance to existing risk assessment tools.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study including 51,127 hypertensive participants aged ≥18 years old who enrolled in the Hello Heart CV risk self-management program between January 2015 and January 2024. A machine learning (ML) model was derived from EHR data and mHealth measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) collected via at-home BP monitors. Its performance was compared to that of PCE and PREVENT.

Results

The XgBoost model incorporating 291 features outperformed the PCE and PREVENT scores in discriminating ASCVD risk for both prediction periods. For 90-day prediction, mean C-statistics were 0.81 (XgBoost) vs. 0.74 (PCE) and 0.65 (PREVENT). Similar findings were observed for 365-day prediction. mHealth measurements incrementally enhanced 365-day risk prediction (ROC-AUC 0.82 vs. 0.80 without mHealth).

Conclusion

An EHR and mHealth-based ML model offers superior short-term ASCVD prediction compared to traditional tools. This approach supports personalized preventive strategies, particularly for populations with incomplete features for PCE or PREVENT. Further research should explore this novel risk prediction framework, and particularly additional mHealth data integration for broader applicability and increased predictive power.
Research and application of urban three-dimensional geological modeling technology based on multiple and complex geological structures: a case study of Chengdu, China
Authors: Hao Ming , Zhang Yuxiang , Zhan Qiqi , Wang Donghui , Liu Zhaoxin , Lei Chuanyang , Fan Min
Published: November 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) geological models can visually present various underground geological body forms, geological structures, geological hazards, which is of great significance for urban spatial planning and urban geological hazard prevention and control. To overcome technical difficulties such as poor accuracy, poor aesthetics and the difficulty to modify and improve the model afterward, this paper proposes a 3D modeling technology for urban geology with multiple complex geological structures based on multi-source heterogeneous data with the common constraints of geological knowledge and geological laws. This technique can utilize various modeling data, such as DEM data, geological profiles, drillhole data, geophysical interpretation data and structure outline maps. Under the common constraints of geological prior knowledge and geological laws, the block modeling technique is used to complete the construction of 3D urban geological models under complex geological conditions. Taking the construction of 3D geological model in Chengdu as an example, this paper focuses on the theory and algorithm of 3D modeling of urban geology, the geological background of the demonstration area, the preparation and processing of 3D modeling data, and the research and demonstration application of 3D modeling technology for urban geology.