bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENEGAKAN DIAGNOSIS DAN PENANGGULANGAN CERVICALYS HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
Authors: Nadeak Bernadetha
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the exact and precise diagnosis of the Cervicalys Herniatted Nucleus Pulposus (CHNP). CHNP comes from the displacement of the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc at the cervical level, which can cause direct compression of the spinal cord or nerve root suppression. The posisition of the body which is less ergonomic during daily activities as a result of a misposition in a long time so as to cause high levels of stress on the muscles and tissues supporting the body in the long run and asymmetrical loading on intradiscal (disc migration). This condition causes the transfer of the nucleus pulposus to the front of the burden received, if this lasts a long time it can cause protrusion of the disc backwards so that it can directly irritate pain-sensitive posterior longitudinal ligaments. The purpose of this study is to find out how the precise and exact diagnosis of CHNP is. The research method used is library research, by referring to books, journals, articles relating to topics discussed as data sources to answer research question. The results of this study is; there are several ways that can be done in CHNP diagnosing such as: a) laboratory examination; b) imaging; c) electrodiagnostic, d) somatosensory evoked potentials. While the prevention of CHNP can be done in several ways such as: a) physical therapy; b) cervical traction; c) pharmacology; d) surgery; e) prevention; f) biomechanics; g) pathophysiology, and; h) decreased structure of the intervertebral disc. It can be concluded that in the accurate and precise enforcement and handling of CHNP, it is recommended to do the several methods mentioned above.
 
Keywords: cervicalys herniated nucleus pulposus, head and neck position
PENGARUH RENDAMAN KAYU ANGIN (Usnea baileyi) DALAM NIRA SEGAR DAN NIRA REBUS TERHADAP HATI TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) YANG TERPAPAR TIMBAL ASETAT
Authors: Made Malini Desak , Supartinah Iin , Madihah Madihah , Perdana Andi
Published: February 2025

Lead acetate inhaled caused oxidative damage of liver due to the formation of free radicals. Ones of the plant thathas a high antioxidant content is Usnea baileyi. This study aims to examine the potency of fresh and boiled U.baileyi to reducing rats liver damage induced by lead acetate. This study used randomized complete design withnine treatments and three replications. Twenty seven male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups namely onepositive control group (given 100 mg/kb bw lead acetate), two negative control groups (given 1 ml fresh sap and 1ml boiled sap), three groups given U. Baileyi immersion treatment in fresh sap and three group treated U.Baileyi immersion in boiled sap with dose of 3,500 mg/kg BW, 6,000 mg/kg BW and 10,500 mg/kg BW afterinduced by 100 mg/kg BW lead acetate. Treatment was given orally for 15 consecutive days The results showedthat the morphology of rats treated with U. baileyi dosages of 6,000 mg/kg bw and U. baileyi 10,500 mg/kg b wboth in fresh sap and boiled sap had morphology that was not significantly different from negative controls.Whereas in the histological structure only the dose U. baileyi 10,500 mg/kg Bw did not show a significantdifference with negative cotrol. It can be concluded that the dose of U. baileyi 10,500 mg/kg Bw rats in boiled sapgave the best effect in reducing damage to liver histology of rats induced by lead acetate.
Key words: lead acetate, liver, sap, Usnea baileyi,
INDUKSI KALUS KRISAN (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat var. Tomohon Kuning) DENGAN 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) DAN 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) PADA KONDISI PENCAHAYAAN BERBEDA
Authors: Setiawati Tia , Arofah Annisa Nur , Nurzaman Mohamad
Published: February 2025

This study aims to obtain the optimum concentration of 2,4-D and BAP plant growth regulators (PGRs) to induceChrysanthemum callus in light and dark conditions. The method used is an experimental method in the laboratoryusing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatment of 2,4-D + BAP concentration combinations. Theculture was incubated under different lighting conditions for 45 days after planting. The parameters observedincluded ctexture and color of callus, other responses produced by explants, size, fresh weight and dry weight ofcallus. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 4 ppm 2,4-D + 0.5 ppm BAP treatment was thebest combination in inducing Chrysanthemum callus in both light and dark conditions. In bright conditions, mostof the callus were dark green and dark brown with a compact texture, callus size of 1.36 cm, and the highest freshweight and dry weight of callus were 0.62 gram and 0.17 gram respectively. Meanwhile, in the dark conditionsmost of the callus were light green and light brown with a compact texture, callus size 1.18 cm, and the highestfresh weight and dry weight of the callus produced were 0.51 grams and 0.15 grams, respectively.
Keywords: Callus, Chrysanthemum morifolium, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-Benzylaminopurine(BAP)
PERSEPSI SISWA TENTANG EKOSISTEM MANGROVE SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR (STUDI PADA SISWA X IPA SMAN DI KABUPATEN GORONTALO UTARA)
Authors: Rahma Tanti Widia , Wahyuni K. Baderan Dewi , Ramli Utina
Published: February 2025

This study discusses how students' perceptions of the Mangrove ecosystem as a source of learning biology (a study of students in class X IPA SMAN in North Gorontalo district) ". This type of research is descriptive quantitative. Data collection was carried out by means of a survey which aims to obtain data about the facts contained in this research location using a questionnaire containing written statements that will be distributed online via google form to respondents to be answered. The target of this research is the students of class X IPA of SMAN 2 Gorontalo Utara and students of class X IPA of SMAN 6 Gorontalo Utara, amounting to 1 class each. This research was conducted for 1 week. The research data were obtained from a percentage questionnaire and analyzed using the Likert score assessment criteria. The results showed that the average answers from students showed that the students' perceptions of SMAN 2 Gorontalo Utara and SMAN 6 Gorontalo Utara towards the Mangrove ecosystem which was used as a learning resource for biology, gave a very agreeable response by looking at the average answer scores, namely 4.30 and 4. , 28, while for the percentage value the average result gets a value of 78% -89% with very good category.
GAMBARAN PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA S1 PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI FKIP UKI TENTANG MORFOLOGI TUMBUHAN DAN ENTOMOLOGI MELALUI BIOSKETCHING
Authors: Ratnapuri Adisti
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to describe the understanding of students' understanding of plant morphology and entomology specifically on the morphology and structure of insects in the Biology Education Study Program, FKIP Christian University of Indonesia. The research method is survey and content analysis. The research instrument was a non-test instrument. The data obtained are qualitative data in the form of resume biosketching and quantitative in the form of a questionnaire which is analyzed using percentage descriptive statistics. The results obtained were the first semester students with a score range of 65-80% in the understanding category, in the fifth semester students with a score of 90-100% in the very understanding category. This difference occurs because the fifth semester students have already received courses in plant morphology and entomology so that during the workshop they understand more about the morphology of the specimens drawn.
HUBUNGAN KUALITAS TIDUR DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2017 FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN INDONESIA
Authors: Yekti Rahayu , Rambe Raudendy
Published: February 2025

Sleep is one of human physiological needs. Adequate sleep has an important role in improving cognitive skills, especially memory storage. Poor sleep quality will result in daytime sleepiness which will affect the physical health and cognitive function of students and have an impact on their academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep quality and the cumulative achievement index (GPA) in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia. Methods: observational analytic research with a cross sectional approach, which was carried out during June 2020 - June 2021. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique from 119 respondents using a PSQI questionnaire that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then the data were analyzed using the SPSS computer program. The results of the study showed good sleep quality with good learning achievement, 36 students (30.2%), poor sleep quality with good learning achievement, 82 students (68.9%), univariate data. Bivariate analysis of Chi-square statistical test obtained p value = 0,508 > alpha value (0.05). The conclusion that there is no relationship between sleep quality and learning achievement in students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Indonesia class of 2017. However, it is hoped that students can further improve the quality of sleep because it greatly impacts student health and improves cognitive function so that the learning achievement of students of the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University, generation can be further improved.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MORFOLOGI TUMBUHAN BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN DI STKIP PGRI LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Riastuti Reny Dwi , Febrianti Yuli
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to produce environmental-based plant morphology teaching materials at STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau and describe student responses after using it as a result of development. The type of research carried out is the Research and Development (R&D) development model of Dick and Carey by developing teaching materials in the form of learning design books. The results of the study by three validators, namely content/material feasibility experts, obtained a percentage value of 91.4%, the results of validation data analysis from presentation and graphic experts, obtained a percentage value of 95.5%, the results of validation data analysis from linguistic experts, namely the percentage obtained a value of 80%, the results of the analysis of student response questionnaire data are obtained by a percentage value of 94% with the eligibility criteria, which means that the teaching materials are in the very good category and do not need to be revised. The validation results indicate that the product developed has a high validity value and can be declared eligible to be used as a source of independent learning. Student responses in the criteria assessed from teaching materials have received good and very good grades so that teaching materials are suitable for use as independent learning resources.
Pemahaman dan Perspektif Mahasiswa Mengenai Manfaat Air Tebu (Saccharum officinarum) dalam Prospek Kesehatan
Authors: Sulistiyanto Tabitha Qotrunnada , Sinaga Siti Merlianawati , Suryanda Ade
Published: February 2025

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a plant that stores food reserves in the stem. Reserve food is in the form of water. Sugarcane water (Saccharum officinarum) can be consumed by humans. Sugarcane water (Saccharum officinarum) has many benefits, one of which is that it can lower cholesterol, control blood pressure, strengthen endurance, and much more. The purpose of this study was to determine the understanding and perspective of students regarding the benefits of sugarcane water (Saccharum officinarum) in health prospects. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative research with data collection techniques, namely the distribution of questionnaires through the help of the Google Form application. The results obtained are 92% of students already know about sugarcane plants and 96% of students think that sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a plant that is rich in benefits. The conclusion of this study based on the results of the study showed that the understanding and perspective of students regarding the benefits of sugarcane water (Saccharum officinarum) in health prospects was classified as good.
Penggunaan Biji Wijen, Kecipir dan Jagung Sebagai Media Pembibitan Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Panggabean Pangeran Andareas , Rahayu Lia , Watini Kuat , Burhannudin Burhannudin , Wahyuningsih Indah
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal medium for nursery of White Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The nursery media used in this study were Sesame, Winged Bean and Corn seeds. The parameter measured was the growth of P. ostreatus mycelium per two days for 14 days of incubation. The design of this study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and five repetitions. The results showed that Corn seed media gave the maximum mycelium growth results compared to Sesame and Winged Bean seed media. The research data were then analyzed statistically using One Way Anova and Tukey HSD tests. The results of One Way Anova analysis showed that the average value of P. ostreatus mycelium growth between groups of nursery media was significantly different. The results of the Tukey HSD analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the nursery media between Sesame seeds and Winged Bean seeds, while Corn with sesame and winged bean seeds had significant differences.
Identifikasi Bakteri Patogen Escherichia coli dan Salmonella spp. pada Rectal Swab Penjamah Makanan Rumah Sakit Di Yogyakarta
Authors: Rudin Nur Ahmad , Perdana Naufal Ghozi Aditya , Amalia Ninda Nur
Published: February 2025

Microbial disease is an important health problem in Indonesia. Microbial diseases are often related to food sanitation, such as diarrhea, vomiting, typhus, gastrointestinal infections that caused by high levels microbial contamination in food served by various food providers. Pathogenic bacteria that often cause disease in humans are Salmonella spp. which causes typhus, and Escherichia coli which causes gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, and meningitis. Analysis of pathogenic microbes is important to determine the types species of microbes that cause disease so the diseases that caused by pathogenic microbes in the community can be anticipated and handled appropriately. This study aims to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria E. coli and Salmonella spp. on food handler rectal swab of hospital in Yogyakarta. The research was carried out by identification of bacteria with biochemical tests using BBL Crystal and pathogenicity test with E. coli antisera test. The results showed that pathogenic E. coli found in food handlers rectal swab of RS2004 and RS2005, and nonpathogenic E. coli found in RS2001, RS2002, dan RS2003. Salmonella spp. is not found in food handlers rectal swab of hospital in Yogyakarta.
Dioscorea alata: Potensinya Sebagai Bahan Pangan Alternatif dan Obat Tradisional
Authors: Silalahi Marina , Samosir Stephani Hizkia
Published: February 2025

Dioscorea alata is a species belonging Dioscoreaceae has been long been used as a source of carbohydrates by various local communities in Indonesian, but not use as traditional medicine. This study aims to explain the potential of D. alata as an alternative food and traditional medicine. The research method is literature study of various research that published online, especially on google scholar, using the keywords D. alata and uses D. alata. The information obtained thus explains the potential use of D. alata as a healthy food ingredient and its use as a traditional medicine. Disocorea alata has long been traded in various traditional markets used as food and traditional medicine. Based on ethnobotanical research, D. alata is used treat hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Bioactivity of D. alata is anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, estrogenic and immunomodulator. Dioscorea alata has the potential to support food security programs in Indonesia because it contains carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Dioscorin is a protein compound found in D. alata tubers which is associated with its antihypertensive and estrogenic activity.
Bakteriosin dari Bakteri Asam Laktat sebagai Biopreservasi pada Daging dan Olahan: Tinjauan Potensi Hingga Industrinya
Authors: Fadila Diannisa Syahwa Rahma , Hasanati Jilan , Kusumawardhani Amalia Sekar , Rachman Muhammad Fathur , Naufal Muhammad Afi , Febrian Farhan Wahyu , Pikoli Megga , Sugoro Irawan
Published: February 2025

The use of bacteriocin as biopreservation agent is an important alternative strategy to maintain the safety and quality of meat and meat products. The increasing consumer concerns about the quality and safety of food from chemical additives have led to the development of studies on the use of bacteria and their metabolites as natural antimicrobials that have the potential to extend shelf life and improve food safety. This article aims to systematically review knowledge regarding the use of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria and their production on an industrial scale as a natural preservative in meat and its products. The results of several studies prove the potential of lactic acid bacteria and metabolites as biopreservatives in meat and processed meat products with several conditions that must be considered to achieve a longer shelf life and inhibit the spoilage of pathogenic bacteria. The use of bacteriocins from lactic acid has obstacles as well as advantages. However, these barriers can be overcome by reducing the level of purification protocols required, or by using food grade media such as dairy and food industrial waste products to produce bacteriocins. The potential and production of bactetriocins on an industrial scale are discussed.
Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Sampah Batok Kelapa sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuatan Bahan Pengawet Alami
Authors: Asyhari Andi , Nur Hayati Istia , Linda Riani Putri
Published: February 2025

Most food products currently use formalin as a preservative, of course this is very dangerous for health. However, this problem can be solved by developing a liquid smoke pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study was to optimize the utilization of coconut shell waste as the basic material for making natural preservatives. The research method used in this research is Extended Storage Studies (ESS). The results of this study are the results of pyrolysis in the form of liquid smoke from coconut shells can be used as a natural preservative in fish. Because liquid smoke contains phenolic compounds and organic acids that can inhibit the growth of bacteria or microorganisms. This is evident in the immersion of fish using liquid smoke with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% which are soaked for 30 minutes. The research conducted was observing the texture, aroma, eyes, gills, weight, fish condition and fish pH. From the liquid smoke immersion, the fish's pH decreased every day from 6 to 3 and the fish did not grow microorganisms. In contrast to fish without treatment, the pH of the fish is increasing from 6 to 8 and the more microorganisms are growing day by day.
Kajian Pengetahuan Masyarakat Lokal Tentang Pemanfaatan Jamur sebagai Sumber Pangan Masyarakat Di Sekitar Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Desa Pematang Kancil Kabupaten Merangin
Authors: Harmi Lestari Septian , Retni Sulistiyoning Budiarti Retni , Harlis
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the knowledge of the community around oil palm plantations in PematangKancil Village, Pamenang District, Meranginakan Regency, types of macroscopic mushrooms and their use. The research location is in Pematang Kancil Village, Pamenang District, Merangin Regency, June-July 2018. The research method is descriptive through in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 58.33% of the people quite understand the existence of fungi in their environment. There are eleven mushrooms that can be used as food sources including: Volvariellavolvacea, Volvariellasp 1, Volvariella sp.2, Pleurotusostreatus (white oyster mushroom), Pleurotusostreatus sp.1, Pleurotusostreatus sp.2, Paxillus volutes (monkey mushroom), Pholia sp. (salary mushroom), Cookeinasulcipes (cup mushroom), Schizophillum commune (nail fungus), Auricularia-auricula-judae (red ear fungus). Indicators of mushrooms that can be used as food sources: inconspicuous color of mushrooms, presence of animals, absence of volva except in Volvariellavolvacea species, not having a ring or cup at the base of the stem. It is recommended to test the chemical content of these mushrooms so that they can be used as a source of medicine and for related devices to socialize these mushrooms to support the community's economy.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Visual Basic menggunakan Metode ADDIE Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Yevira Resti Yevira , Nasir Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This study aims to create interactive learning media that are suitable and easy to learn and can be used for personal learning. Knowledge of the effectiveness of visual basic-based interactive learning media using the addie method with environmental pollution material for class VII SMP which was developed in science subjects. This type of research is development research. Product development quality data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. expert test results: show the subject, instructional design, software development excellent qualifications, experiment: individual, small group, and areas of excellent qualification. Product efficacy testing was carried out using a quasi-experimental method. The result of the survey is that there are differences in student learning outcomes who are taught using interactive learning media using textbooks. The success of learning groups of students who are taught how to use interactive learning media is even more than what is taught in textbooks
Kajian Pengaruh Paparan Medan Magnet terhadap Indeks Mitosis Sel Akar Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) Lokal Asal Timor
Authors: Wiguna Gede Arya , Hanas Dicky Frengki , Welsiliana
Published: February 2025

Garlic is a horticultural plant that is used as a flavoring and also has pharmacological benefits and can be used to inhibit bacterial growth. Timorese Local Garlic, known as Eban Garlic, is one of the local garlic varieties from Indonesia which is cultivated in the area of ​​Fatuneno Village and Noepesu Village, West Miomafo District, North Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Eban garlic is one of the leading commodities in North Central Timor Regency whose cultivation has been carried out for generations. Therefore the existence, growth and development of Eban Garlic must be kept in mind. In this article, we will study the effect of magnetic field exposure on the growth of meristem tissue by looking at the mitotic index of Eban garlic root tip cells. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) 3 times with 5 treatments and 1 control. P0 as a control that is without exposure to a magnetic field, P1 exposure to a magnetic field of 2.4 mT, P2 of 4.9 mT, P3 of 7.3 mT, P4 of 9.8 mT and P5 of 12.2 mT. The length of exposure to the magnetic field is 15 minutes for 5 consecutive days. After exposure to a magnetic field, preparations were made from the tip of the garlic root to observe the mitotic index. The results showed that the greater the exposure magnetic field, the smaller the mitotic index. The control treatment had the highest mitotic index of 36.56% and exposure to a magnetic field of 12.2 mT had the lowest mitotic index of 20.03%. The results of the study based on observations of the mitotic phase, the prophase phase has a higher mitosis compared to the other phases. This means that exposure to a magnetic field that is too high can slow down cell division, thereby slowing down the growth of meristem tissue.
Increased Success in Exclusive Breastfeeding with the Use of Guidelines for Lactation Cadre Assistance
Authors: Rahayu Teta Puji , Handayani Tinuk Esti , Sumaningsih Rahayu
Published: February 2025

Background: The support of health cadres plays an important role in the success of the exclusive breastfeeding program. Health cadres have been widely involved in various activities carried out in the village, especially for maternal and child health programs, but for lactation cadre assistance to postpartum mothers is still not active because there are no lactation cadre assistance guidelines that can be used. The purpose of this study is to develop guidelines for assisting lactation cadres and assess their effectiveness in increasing the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This research is a Research and Development (R&D) research, starting with a literature study by studying journals and books related to health cadres and Exclusive Breastfeeding. Compile guidelines for assisting lactation cadres from the results of development. Data was collected using a questionnaire through FGD together with 50 health cadres, 2 village midwives and 3 representatives from the Magetan Regency Health Office, expert consuls followed by the revision and finalization of lactation cadre assistance guidelines. Results: This research produced guidelines for assisting lactation cadres, the results of the evaluation of guidelines for assisting lactation cadres through the process of development, formulation of strategic issues, and FGD. Conclusions: The guidebook for lactation cadres is a strategic step in supporting the success of the Exclusive Breastfeeding program so that it can increase the success of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the community.
Polymerised mite allergoids with glutaraldehyde reduce proteolytic activity and enhance the stability of allergen mixtures: a proof of concept with grass mixtures
Authors: Tudela José Ignacio , Soria Irene , Abel-Fernández Eva , Cantillo José Fernando , Fernández-Caldas Enrique , Subiza José Luis , Iborra Salvador
Published: February 2025

Background

Polysensitized patients require allergen immunotherapy (AIT) targeting multiple allergens. However, combining allergen extracts can lead to instability and reduced efficacy particularly due to the high proteolytic activity of house dust mite (HDM) allergens. While is known that glutaraldehyde cross-linking may reduce enzymatic activity, its ability to stabilize multi-allergen formulations and protect key allergens from degradation remains unexplored.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of glutaraldehyde polymerization on the stability and immunogenicity of HDM and grass pollen allergen formulations, addressing proteolytic activity challenges in multi-allergen vaccines.

Methods

Stability was assessed over 24 months through protein quantification and antigenic activity assays. Proteolytic activity of HDM-containing extracts was measured using Azocoll, and peptide substrate-based enzymatic assays. Grass pollen allergen degradation was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and ELISA Immunogenicity was assessed in mice immunized with grass allergoids alone or in combination with glutaraldehyde-polymerised HDM, measuring IgG responses, splenocyte proliferation, and IL-10 production.

Results

Glutaraldehyde polymerization significantly reduced HDM proteolytic activity (p < 0.0001), achieving reductions of 97.7%, 77.9%, and 89.9% in total protease activity, cysteine protease activity, and serine protease activity, respectively. This inhibition protected grass pollen allergens when mixed with HDM from degradation, ensuring consistent protein content and antigenic activity over 24 months. Mice immunized with grass allergoids alone or combined with polymerised mite extracts showed similar IgG responses and T-cell activation, indicating no compromise in the immune response to grass allergens, with IL-10 secretion confirming preserved regulatory responses.

Conclusions

Polymerised allergen extracts address the challenges of proteolytic degradation in multi-allergen formulations, offering stable, immunogenic vaccines that maintain efficacy and provide a reliable treatment option for polyallergic patients.
The impact of jawbone regions (molar area, premolar area, anterior area) and bone density on the accuracy of robot-assisted dental implantation: a preliminary study
Authors: Miadili Mirealimu , Li Xiaoman , Zhang Yan , Ruan Danping , Liu Wei , Zhang Jianfei , Gao Yiming
Published: February 2025

Robotic-assisted dental implantation represents a transformative innovation in modern dentistry, offering enhanced surgical precision and reduced variability. Despite its clinical adoption, the impact of anatomical and bone-related factors on placement accuracy remains underexplored. This retrospective study evaluated 54 implants placed in 30 patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and virtual planning software to analyze deviations in crown position, apex position, and angulation. Significant regional variations in accuracy were observed, with higher angular deviations in the anterior maxilla (mean ± SD: 3.21° ± 2.22°) and greater positional deviations in the posterior mandible (1.09 mm ± 0.51 mm) (p < 0.05). Implant diameter significantly influenced global deviation (p = 0.019), while implant length and bone density (classified by Misch’s system) showed no significant effects (p > 0.05). However, denser bone types (D1) exhibited a trend toward increased deviations, potentially due to insertion resistance. These findings underscore the need for region-specific and bone-quality considerations in robotic-assisted implantation. Refining robotic navigation and feedback mechanisms is critical to optimizing accuracy, particularly in anatomically complex regions.
Light-activated semiconductor gas sensors: pathways to improve sensitivity and reduce energy consumption
Authors: Nasriddinov Abulkosim , Zairov Rustem , Rumyantseva Marina
Published: February 2025

Resistive type gas sensors based on wide-bandgap semiconductor oxides are remaining one of the principal players in environmental air monitoring. The rapid development of technology and the desire to miniaturize electronics require the creation of devices with minimal energy consumption. A promising solution may be the use of photoactivation, which can initiate/accelerate physico-chemical processes at the solid-gas interface and realize detection of flammable and explosive gases at close to room temperature. This work examines the mechanism underlying the increased sensitivity to various gases under photoactivation. The review is intended to clarify the current situation in the field of light-activated gas sensors and set the vector for their further development in order to integrate with the latest technological projects.
Olefin selectivity of K-Mn promoters on CoFe-ZSM-5 based catalyst in CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Maseko Paula , Cele Mduduzi N. , Mdleleni Masikana M.
Published: February 2025

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas, into light olefins is crucial for mitigating environmental impacts and utilizing non-petroleum-based feedstocks. Thermo-catalytic CO2 transformation into valuable chemicals offers a promising solution to this challenge. This study investigates the effect of potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) promoters on CO2 conversion and C2H4 selectivity over CoFe-ZSM-5 zeolites. Structural characterization via FTIR, pyridine-FTIR, and PXRD confirmed the successful incorporation of K and Mn into CoFe-ZSM-5 at 80°C without significant structural changes to the zeolite framework. BET analysis revealed that metal incorporation did not substantially alter the surface area, while SEM and TEM analyses confirmed the preservation of ZSM-5 spherical morphology. Fixed-bed reactor experiments conducted at 350°C and 20 bar demonstrated that K and Mn synergistically enhanced CO2 conversion efficiency and selectivity toward C2H4. The K-Mn/4Fe4Co-ZSM-5 catalyst (modified with 4% Co and 4% Fe) exhibited the highest performance, achieving 97% olefin selectivity. Furthermore, Mn and K promoters reduce the CO selectivity on the Co-Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst. These findings underscore the critical role of K and Mn in facilitating efficient CO2 activation and directing the reaction pathway toward valuable olefin products.
Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles
Authors: Alikhani Mohammad Sina , Nazari Mohsen , Hatamkhani Shima
Published: February 2025

Antibiotic therapy relies on understanding both pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), which respectively address drug absorption, distribution, and elimination, and the relationship between drug concentration and antimicrobial efficacy. This review synthesizes decades of research, drawing from in-vitro studies, in-vivo models, and clinical observations, to elucidate the temporal dynamics of antibiotic activity. We explore how these dynamics, including concentration-effect relationships and post antibiotic effects, inform the classification of antibiotics based on their PD profiles. Additionally, we discuss the pivotal role of PK/PD principles in determining optimal dosage regimens. By providing a comprehensive overview of PK/PD principles in antibiotic therapy, this review aims to enhance understanding and improve treatment outcomes in clinical practice.
Impact of scientific research on the international climate regime: the strategic niche of the emissions gap reports
Authors: Alcamo Joseph , Olhoff Anne , Höhne Niklas
Published: February 2025

In the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015, countries agreed to a two-track approach to emissions and climate targets. For emissions they agreed to voluntary national emission reduction commitments (pledges), and for climate, to hold global temperature increases to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” with a major effort to “limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C.” But the Agreement does not address the possible disconnect between these two tracks nor answer the question: When summed together, are national commitments for reducing emissions sufficient for staying within the agreed-upon global temperature limits? In order to address this question, and fill an important niche in the climate regime, the Emissions Gap report series presents an annual analysis of the discrepancy between pledges to reduce national emissions and agreed-upon temperature limits. In this paper we use an established framework to assess the impacts of the report series. An example of its impact is that data and findings from the report have been used for several years by country delegations to Climate COPs to inform and/or justify national policies to reduce or limit greenhouse gas emissions. We conjecture that several factors contribute to the impacts of the report series. For example, it appears to provide an accepted neutral playing field for debating the sufficiency of national emissions commitments to meeting global temperature targets. Other factors include its timeliness in addressing a key international policy question, its contribution to framing the policy of “ambition-raising and stocktaking,” its impartial synthesis of results from many different scientific groups and high scientific quality, its usefulness as an awareness-raising tool, and its production by a major, credible international boundary organisation (UNEP), among other factors. In general, the Emissions Gap report series shows that research findings, if strategically targeted and presented, can fill an important information niche in the policy landscape and have a tangible positive influence on climate policymaking. Yet after all this, its ultimate impact is certainly more modest since after several report editions, the emissions gap remains wide.
Development and validation of generative artificial intelligence attitude scale for students
Authors: Marengo Agostino , Karaoglan-Yilmaz Fatma Gizem , Yılmaz Ramazan , Ceylan Mehmet
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, have gained significant traction in educational settings, offering novel opportunities for enhanced learning experiences. However, limited research has investigated how students perceive and accept these emerging technologies. This study addresses this gap by developing a scale to assess university students’ attitudes toward generative AI tools in education.

Methods

A three-stage process was employed to develop and validate the Generative AI Attitude Scale. Data were collected from 664 students from various faculties during the 2022–2023 academic year. Expert evaluations were conducted to establish face and content validity. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a subset of 400 participants, revealing a two-factor, 14-item structure that explained 78.440% of the variance. A subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on a separate sample of 264 students to validate this structure, resulting in the removal of one item and a final 13-item scale.

Results

The 13-item scale demonstrated strong reliability, evidenced by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and a test–retest reliability of 0.90. Discriminative power was confirmed through corrected item-total correlations between lower and upper percentile groups. These findings indicate that the scale effectively differentiates student attitudes toward generative AI tools in educational contexts.

Discussion

The newly developed Generative AI Attitude Scale offers a valid and reliable instrument for measuring university students’ perspectives on integrating generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, into educational environments. These results highlight the potential for more targeted research and informed implementation strategies to enhance learning outcomes through generative AI.
Single-dose modified bloodless del Nido cardioplegia for minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Authors: Lee Heemoon , Kim Jihoon , Yoo Jae Suk
Published: February 2025

Background

Recent studies demonstrated satisfactory results of del Nido cardioplegia in minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of our modified “bloodless” del Nido cardioplegia in MICS compared to the histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 471 patients who underwent minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) in our institution between January 2015 and September 2022. Patients were divided into HTK (n = 96) and bloodless del Nido (n = 375) groups. Using propensity score matching, we matched 72 patients with bloodless del Nido to 72 patients with HTK, based on demographic and operative information.

Results

There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics and operative data after matching. The early mortality and morbidities did not differ significantly between the two groups. Freedom from overall mortality did not differ significantly during the follow-up period (97.2% in HTK vs. 98.6 in bloodless del Nido at 2 years, P = 0.56). The two groups had no difference in postoperative lactate levels at 6 and 24 h. Various statistical methods consistently indicated that bloodless del Nido cardioplegia did not increase risks for overall mortality.

Conclusions

The modified bloodless del Nido cardioplegia showed comparable postoperative outcomes in MICS compared with the HTK solution, suggesting its potential as an alternative option for MICS.
Aortic endograft infection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Peng Danping , Xu Guang , Wang Bin , Li Xin , Wang Yang
Published: February 2025

With the maturity of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) technology and its increasing application in clinical practice, complications and long-term management after TEVAR have become issues of concern. Here, we report two cases of TEVAR for thoracic aortic dissection. One patient developed recurrent fever 6 years after TEVAR and underwent multiple courses of antibiotic therapy with a poor response. He came to our hospital 6 months later and presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. Imaging revealed the presence of an aortic abscess around the stent graft involving the esophagus and mediastinum. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly after admission, and he ultimately succumbed to hemorrhagic shock. Another patient developed recurrent fever 1 year after surgery. Imaging studies suggested an aortic abscess with involvement of the esophagus, and the patient chose conservative treatment. After long-term anti-infective treatment, the infected lesions remained but had decreased in size. Aortic endograft infection complicated by multiple organ involvement is a rare complication of TEVAR and has a high mortality rate. After an extended postsurgical period, patients who have undergone TEVAR often lack regular follow-up and are easily overlooked. Our cases highlight the importance of early prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate management of late complications following TEVAR.
Deep crustal composition and Late Paleozoic geotectonic evolution in West Junggar, China
Authors: Xu Shenglin , Ding Weicui , Ma Feizhou , Chen Xuanhua , Shao Zhaogang , Han Lele , Huang Penghui , Shi Jianjie , Yang Xinru
Published: February 2025

The West Junggar area in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is one of the largest areas of growth of the Phanerozoic crust in the world that has experienced intense Late Paleozoic magmatic activity, where crust-mantle interaction is significant. The issue of crustal growth has long been regarded as one of the most fundamental in earth sciences. In light of the challenges posed by the composition of deep materials and the Late Paleozoic crustal growth in the West Junggar area, there is a continued need to systematically determine the spatial distribution characteristics of deep materials in the crust, analysis the growth pattern and growth volume of the crust, and enhance the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the region. Focusing on granite type Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic mapping, this study found that the West Junggar area has the isotopic characteristics of high positive εHf (t) and εNd (t), low (87 Sr/86 Sr)i, and young crustal mode age, there is almost no old crystalline basement in the deep crust. During the Late Paleozoic, about 85% of West Junggar had 75%–95% crustal growth, dominated by lateral crustal growth and material recirculation; about 15% of the area (connected to the Jietebudiao area) had 50%–75% crustal growth, dominated by vertical crustal growth. The West Junggar area mainly experienced four orogenic stages in the Late Paleozoic. In the Early Carboniferous period (360–320 Ma), there was significant intra-oceanic subduction, involving a substantial amount of juvenile material in lateral crustal accretion. The Late Carboniferous-Early Permian period (320–294 Ma) is the post-orogenic extension stage, during which a massive amount of juvenile mantle source was added. This resulted in the most intense magmatism and crustal growth, which could have the growth of the crust potentially more than 75%. In the Early Permian period (294–272 Ma), there was an intracontinental evolution stage and a decrease in the participation of juvenile material. During the Early Permian-Early Triassic period (272–250 Ma), magmatic activity decreased significantly, where the southwestern region experienced high-temperature, low-pressure, crustal thinning extension. Despite this, the crust received juvenile material, and plutonic magma intrusion occurred.
Integrated net pay cut-off evaluation workflow for tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of the Linxing gas field, Ordos Basin
Authors: Li Li , Yu Jie , Huang Tao , Tang Lina , Wei Dan , Li Mingyu , Nie Xin
Published: February 2025

Net pay detection is a crucial stage in reservoir characterization, serving various purposes such as reserve estimation, reservoir modeling, simulation, and production planning. Net pay was quantified through the use of petrophysical cut-offs. However, these cut-offs varied according to core and dynamic data, introducing uncertainty into the evolution process. This challenge was particularly pronounced in tight sandstone reservoirs, characterized by low porosity. In the Linxing gas field of the Ordos Basin, the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Shiqianfeng, upper Shihezi, lower Shihezi, Shanxi, and Taiyuan formations exhibited ultra-low porosity and permeability, thereby complicating the determination of net pay cut-offs. This study utilized extensive data from the Linxing gas field, including core data from 50 wells, gas testing data from 217 wells, and comprehensive well logging and gas logging data. An analysis of the study area’s gas-bearing characteristics was presented, accompanied by a straightforward net pay cut-off evaluation workflow. The shale volume was evaluated to identify the net sand, while porosity and permeability evaluations were conducted to identify the net reservoir. Hydrocarbon saturation analysis was employed to establish net pay. Eight methods were employed to determine the net pay cut-offs. These include the particle size analysis for the shale volume cut-off, statistical accumulation frequency, minimum pore throat radius, mercury injection capillary pressure, gas production per meter index, and cross-plot analysis methods—based on fracturing gas test data—for porosity and permeability cut-offs. The bound water saturation and the relative permeability analysis methods were employed to determine hydrocarbon saturation cut-offs. Subsequently, formations were divided into two vertical sections; the upper section (including the fifth layer of the Shiqianfeng and upper Shihezi formations) is the target section in this study, with net pay cut-offs determined as follows: 20% shale volume, 6% porosity, 0.15 mD permeability, and 40% gas saturation. The net pay cut-offs determined in the upper section were validated against actual production data. This study provides a reliable basis for reserve calculation in the Linxing gas field, offering technical support for future development and production.
Synergy as a strategy to strengthen biomedical mentoring ecosystems
Authors: Packard Becky Wai-Ling , Montgomery Beronda L. , Mondisa Joi-Lynn
Published: February 2025

Across science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, mentoring initiatives promote persistence among racially-diverse trainees within the biomedical workforce. Unfortunately, mentoring initiatives even within an individual college or university may be disconnected from one another, which can contribute to a lack of consistency and strategic investment. In this conceptual analysis, we argue for a synergistic strategy to biomedical mentoring, which involves rethinking disconnected approaches to mentoring and moving toward a systems design approach for strengthening the infrastructure. We offer our STEM mentoring ecosystems framework, which helps institutions survey the landscape, take stock of assets, “connect the dots” of exemplary programs and initiatives, and identify gaps and vulnerabilities in mentoring ecosystems. Action planning should involve seeking strategic synergy by bringing intentionality to the interdisciplinary collaborations common within biomedical contexts. We unpack the concept of synergy, illustrate synergy within a biomedical context, and outline multiple pathways to synergy. Readers are invited to consider ways to optimize their biomedical mentoring ecosystems using synergistic strategy as they aim to diversify and strengthen the biomedical workforce.