bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolating In-Situ Grip and Push Force Distribution from Hand-Handle Contact Pressure with an Industrial Electric Nutrunner
Authors: Landry Cederick , Loewen Daniel , Rao Harish , Pinto Brendan L. , Bahensky Robert , Chandrashekar Naveen
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Grip force during hand tool operation is the primary contributor to tendon strain and related wrist injuries, whereas push force is a contributor to shoulder injuries. However, both cannot be directly measured using a single measurement instrument. The objective of this research was to develop and test an algorithm to isolate the grip and push force distributions from in-situ hand-handle pressure measurements and to quantify their distributions among industrial workers using an electric nutrunner. Methods: Experienced automobile assembly line workers used an industrial nutrunner to tighten fasteners at various locations and postures. The pressure applied by the hand on the tool handle was measured dynamically using pressure sensors mounted on the handle. An algorithm was developed to compute the push force applied to the handle of an electric pistol-grip nutrunner based on recorded pressure measurements. An optimization problem was solved to find the contribution of each measured pressure to the actual pushing force of the tool. Finally, the grip force was determined from the difference between the measured pressure and the calculated pushing pressure. Results: The grip force and push force were successfully isolated and there was no correlation between the two forces. The computed grip force increased from low to high fastener locations, whereas the push force significantly increased during overhead fastening. A significant difference across the participants’ computed grip forces was observed. The grip force distribution showed that its contribution to total hand force was larger than other definitions in the literature. Conclusions: The developed algorithm can aid in better understanding the risk of injury associated with different tasks through the notion of grip and push force distribution. This was shown to be important as even workers with considerable power tool experience applied significantly more grip and push force than other participants, all of whom successfully completed each task. Moreover, the fact that both forces were uncorrelated shows the need for extracting them independently.
Ultrasound Defect Localization in Shell Structures with Lamb Waves Using Spare Sensor Array and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Decomposition
Authors: Mu Weilei , Gao Yuqing , Liu Guijie
Published: December 2021

Lamb waves have multimodal and dispersion effects, which reduces their performance in damage localization with respect to resolution. To detect damage with fewest sensors and high resolution, a method, using only two piezoelectric transducers and based on orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) decomposition, was proposed. First, an OMP-based decomposition and dispersion removal algorithm is introduced, which is capable of separating wave packets of different propagation paths and removing the dispersion part successively. Then, two simulation signals, with nonoverlapped and overlapped wave packets, are employed to verify the proposed method. Thereafter, with the proposed algorithm, the wave packets reflected from the defect and edge are all separated. Finally, a sparse sensor array with only two transducers succeeds in localizing the defect. The experimental results show that the OMP-based algorithm is beneficial for resolution improvement and transducer usage reduction.
Evaluation of Viscosity Dependence of the Critical Meniscus Height with Optical Fiber Sensors
Authors: Binetti Leonardo , Simpson Fraser , Alwis Lourdes S. M.
Published: December 2021

Conventional means of data extraction using optical fiber interrogators are not adequate for fast-paced detection of a target parameter. In this instance, the relationship between the critical meniscus heights (CMH) of several liquids to the extraction speed of a rod submerged in them, have been analyzed. A limitation of a previous interrogator used for the purpose had been light absorption by the liquid due to the used bandwidth of the readily-available light source, i.e., C-band. The newly proposed technique addresses this limitation by utilizing a broadband light source instead, with a Si-photodetector and an Arduino. In addition, the Arduino is capable of extracting data at a relatively faster rate with respect to the conventional optical interrogator. The use of a different operational wavelength (850 nm instead of 1550 nm) increased the r2 and the sensitivity of the sensor. The new setup can measure surface chemistry properties, with the advantage of being comparatively cheaper than the conventionally available interrogator units, thereby providing a suitable alternative to conventional measurement techniques of liquid surface properties, while reducing material waste, i.e., in terms of the required volume for detection of a target parameter, through the use of optical fiber.
A Highly Sensitive and Miniature Optical Fiber Sensor for Electromagnetic Pulse Fields
Authors: Zhao Min , Zhou Xing , Chen Yazhou
Published: December 2021

The detection of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) field is of great significance in determining the field environment of tested equipment in small spaces. Finger-shaped miniature optical fiber sensors for electromagnetic pulse field measurement were designed. The antenna of a weak field sensor was integrated with a shielding shell, and the wire welded at the direct electro-optic converting circuit connected to an optical fiber through special structure and circuit design was taken as the antenna of a strong field sensor. Measurements in the time domain and frequency domain had been carried out for the two sensors. Experiment results demonstrate that the weak field sensor and the strong field sensor have flat responses from 100 kHz to 1 GHz with a variation of 2.3 dB and 2.9 dB, respectively, and the EMP waveform detected by the sensors agrees well with the applied standard square wave. Moreover, the strong field sensor exhibits linear responses from 645 V/m to 83 kV/m. The resolution of the weak field sensor is as low as 13 V/m. The result indicated that the designed sensors had good performance.
What You Extract Is What You Get: Different Methods of Protein Extraction from Hemp Seeds
Authors: Givonetti Annalisa , Cattaneo Chiara , Cavaletto Maria
Published: December 2021

Cannabis sativa L. seeds are rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and highly digestible proteins, with a good nutritional value. Proteomics studies on hempseed reported so far have mainly been conducted on processed seeds and, to our knowledge, no optimization of protein extraction from hemp seeds has been performed. This study investigates the SDS-PAGE profile of hempseed proteins comparing different methods of extraction, (Osborne sequential extraction, TCA/acetone, MTBE/methanol, direct protein solubilization of defatted hempseed flour), two conditions to keep low temperature during seed grinding (liquid nitrogen or ice) and two solubilization buffers (urea-based or Laemmli buffer). Among the tested conditions, the combination of liquid nitrogen + TCA/acetone + Laemmli buffer was not compatible with SDS-PAGE of proteins. On the other hand, urea-based buffer achieved more reproducible results if combined with all the other conditions. TCA/acetone, MTBE/methanol, and direct protein solubilization of defatted hempseed flour demonstrated a good overview of protein content, but less abundant proteins were poorly represented. The Osborne sequential separation was helpful in diluting abundant proteins thus enhancing the method sensitivity.
Identification of Tentative Traceability Markers with Direct Implications in Polyphenol Fingerprinting of Red Wines: Application of LC-MS and Chemometrics Methods
Authors: Palade Laurentiu Mihai , Croitoru Constantin , Albu Camelia , Radu Gabriel Lucian , Popa Mona Elena
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the potential of using the changes in polyphenol composition of red wine to enable a more comprehensive chemometric differentiation and suitable identification of authentication markers. Based on high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) data collected from Feteasca Neagra, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon finished wines, phenolic profiles of relevant classes were investigated immediately after vinification (Stage 1), after three months (Stage 2) and six months (Stage 3) of storage, respectively. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis, and resulted in an initial vintage differentiation by principal component analysis (PCA), and variety grouping by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Based on polyphenol common biosynthesis route and on the PCA correlation matrix, additional descriptors were investigated. We observed that the inclusion of specific compositional ratios into the data matrix allowed for improved sample differentiation. We obtained simultaneous discrimination according to the considered oenological factors (variety, vintage, and geographical origin) as well as the respective clustering applied during the storage period. Subsequently, further discriminatory investigations to assign wine samples to their corresponding classes relied on partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA); the classification models confirmed the clustering initially obtained by PCA. The benefits of the presented fingerprinting approach might justify its selection and warrant its potential as an applicable tool with improved authentication capabilities in red wines.
Performing the Bad Marriage? The Transition from a Troubled to a Troubling Family in the Course of Fault Divorce in the 21st Century
Authors: Parisot Viktoria
Published: December 2021

Austrian family law stands out in Europe because, in Austria, fault-based divorce is still legally valid. In these divorces, the suing partner attempts to prove in court that the other partner is at fault for the breakdown of the marriage. Thus, proving in court that a relationship is deficient in order to obtain a divorce is a common family transition practice in Austria. In this contribution, I seek to identify the practices that are associated with fault divorce proceedings and look at how these practices are related to normative and legal ideas of marriage. Based on a qualitative multiple case study, I analysed 17 fault divorce lawsuits filed by heterosexual couples in the 2014–2016 period. To do so, I used situational analysis, trans-sequential analysis, and an analytical framework that was developed within the research project. The spouses’ involvement in the proceedings relied on two main approaches: First, the divorce was justified by an event that was disruptive enough to ‘keep things short’. These narratives were related to the divorce grounds explicitly mentioned in family law. Second, the divorce was justified through narratives of a ‘normal’ marriage that became a ‘bad’ marriage over time. These narratives relied upon characterisations of the other spouse as deficient. These deficiencies were related to normative expectations associated with particular life stages and gendered life course trajectories and mirrored the nuclear family ideal.
Green and Compact: A Spatial Planning Model for Knowledge-Based Urban Development in Peri-Urban Areas
Authors: Sanches Patricia , Lemes de Oliveira Fabiano , Celani Gabriela
Published: December 2021

A seemingly unresolved debate in urban planning is the call for compactness and the provision of intra-urban green spaces. This article defines a multi-scalar spatial planning model for peri-urban areas and urban voids able to reconcile medium to high building densities with the provision of ecosystem services. The research is framed within design science research, and the theoretical definition of the model was followed by its application to the International Hub for Sustainable Development (HIDS) proposed by the University of Campinas, Brazil. The model’s parameters and indicators derive from a literature review, case studies, and GIS spatial analyses. A series of expert workshops and a survey were carried out to test and validate the model. The results show that the model can support knowledge-based development in peri-urban areas with high levels of population density while ensuring good accessibility to green spaces and productive landscapes. The model can serve as a planning and design tool and support the development of public policies for other contexts committed to more resilient and sustainable development.
Forecasting the Impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on International Tourist Arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia: A PostCOVID-19 Future
Authors: Mustafa Hasrina , Ahmed Fahri , Zainol Waffa Wahida , Mat Enh Azlizan
Published: December 2021

This research first aims to forecast tourist arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia from its top three source markets, namely, China, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, between 2020 and 2022. Using the annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of those three countries, the study seeks to investigate the impact of GDP on tourist arrivals from these countries to Langkawi in the context of post-COVID-19 scenarios. The study uses expert modelers, namely, ARIMA models and Holt’s linear models, to find the best fit model. Then, linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of GDP on tourist arrivals in Langkawi from the said three countries. The results from the Holt linear model predicted a significant increase in the number of tourist arrivals from China and Saudi Arabia from 2020–2022. In contrast, the number of forecasted tourist arrivals from the United Kingdom would be on a decreasing trend from 2020–2022. It is also predicted that GDP growth will influence the tourist arrival trends from China and Saudi Arabia, but not for UK tourists. In other words, a speedy rate of recovery in the number of tourists from the UK to Langkawi is forecasted for once international travel restrictions are lifted, as the world eases into the post-pandemic period.
The experimental rationale for new bleomycin-polidocanol mini-foam administration in the treatment of children with head and neck venous malformations
Authors: Voznitsyn L. V. , Topolnitsky O. Z. , Yermukhanova G. T.
Published: December 2021

Relevance. Venous malformation (VM) is an abnormal development of the collecting blood vessels based on the vascular wall formation disorder, which occurs during the peripheral vascular network differentiation. According to various sources, VM prevalence ranges from 1 to 2 in 10 000 newborns. Head and neck VMs significantly reduce patients’ quality of life, causing severe functional and aesthetic impairments. Sclerotherapy is an effective treatment method for children with venous malformations. In recent years, bleomycin has been the most commonly used sclerosant. It is a glycopeptide antibiotic synthesized by Streptomyces verticillus and belongs to cytostatic medications. They successfully use it for venous malformations sclerotherapy, also in children. Purpose – the study aimed to improve the sclerotherapy method by combining the advantages of foam sclerotherapy and bleomycin.

Materials and methods. 48 samples of rats’ external femoral veins were morphologically examined. We divided the rats into 2 groups depending on the administrated agent: the first group – 3% polidocanol (lauromacrogol 400), the second group – bleomycin-polidocanol mini-foam composition. The histological assessment identified the changes in the vein endothelium, necrosis of tissue structures, cell dystrophy characteristics.

Results. The first group, which used the bleomycin-polidocanol mini-foam composition, demonstrated more pronounced irreversible changes in the venous vessel endothelium compared to the second group.

Conclusions. The experimental study revealed that the proposed method of VM sclerotherapy using new bleomycin-polidocanol mini-foam composition is more effective than the polidocanol foam sclerotherapy. The new method is highly effective, minimally invasive, safe and can be considered an independent treatment method in children with head and neck VM.
Comparative effectiveness research of two glass ionomer cements for primary molar fissure sealing
Authors: Shkhagosheva A. A. , Fursik D. I. , Kamennova T. N. , Maslak E. E.
Published: December 2021

Relevance. A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is the material for primary teeth fissure sealing in children. The research aimed to study the comparative effectiveness of two GIC pit and fissure sealants in primary molars.

Materials and methods. Sixty-one children aged 2-5 years (mean 26.99 ± 0.55 months) participated in the study after obtaining the Local Ethical Committee’s permission and the parents’ informed consents. Non-invasive fissure sealing in primary molars was performed according to split-mouth design with two GIC: Fujy-9, GC, Japan (109 teeth, FV-group) and Polyakrilin, TehnoDent, Russia (106 teeth, PV-group). Follow-ups were provided after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Complete retention, partial retention or complete loss (%) of the sealants and the frequency (%) of fissure caries development were calculated. The chi-square criterion was used to assess the significance of the differences between the groups at p-value < 0.05.

Results. In 6 and 12 months, all the cases demonstrated complete or partial sealant retention and the absence of pit and fissure caries. The following results were found after 24 months: complete GIC retention in 8.6% of molars in FV-group and 1.9% in PV-group, (p < 0.05), partial retention – 78.8% and 79.0% (p > 0.05) respectively, complete loss – 6.7% and 11.4% respectively (p > 0,05). Fissure carious lesions were found only after 18 and 24 months in 2.8% cases in FV-group and 3.8% cases in PV-group, p > 0,05.

Conclusions. Both studied GICs for non-invasive primary molar fissure sealing were equally highly effective for pit and fissure caries prevention in children. Annual follow-ups in children are necessary for GIC sealant repair.
Prevention of inflammatory changes in the denture-bearing mucous membrane
Authors: Peremyshlenko A. S. , Iordanishvili A. K. , Mushegyan P. A. , Sirak A. G. , Dolgalev A. A.
Published: December 2021

Relevance. Advanced clinical and cytological studies have not been conducted yet to examine denture adhesive effect on the prevention of inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed, and thus, the prevention of denture-related stomatitis. Purpose: to assess the clinical and functional condition of the oral mucosa beneath the denture during the adaptation period using a denture adhesive cream to prevent inflammation of the denture bed mucous membrane.

Materials and methods. The study clinically and cytologically (washing, scraping) assessed the condition of oral mucosa beneath complete acrylic dentures on days 14-16 and 28-30 of the adaptation period in 15 fully edentulous patients (main group), who used an adhesive cream after they were delivered their dentures, and in 21 fully edentulous patients (control group) who did not use the cream during the denture adaptation period. All the patients were elderly.

Results. At different times of the adaptation period, the study more frequently detected inflammatory changes in the denture-bearing mucosa in subjects who did not use the denture adhesive cream. The cytological study confirmed the results of the oral clinical examination, as, at the end of the adaptation period, the number of cellular elements and various microorganisms was significantly lower in the main group than in the controls, which proved the effectiveness of the denture adhesive cream for the prevention of denture stomatitis.

Conclusions. Regardless of sex, patients with complete acrylic dentures, who used a denture adhesive cream, had a lower bacterial accumulation on the prosthetic bed and inflammatory changes during the adaptation period, which allowed us to recommend the adhesive cream for the prevention of denture stomatitis.
“Yo es otro”: Las ruinas del lenguaje y la memoria en Krapp’s Last Tape de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Battista Lo Bianco Lucia
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo realizamos una indagación en torno a cómo en la obra de teatro de Samuel Beckett, Krapp’s Last Tape (1958) el lenguaje –en tanto estructurante de la memoria– y, por ende, la posibilidad de recordar a través de él, comienza a volverse ruina. En otras palabras, cómo el habla no alcanza para reconstruir aquello que ya no existe en la memoria; ya no sirve, si es que sirvió alguna vez. Empezaré el recorrido a partir de Eleutheria (1947), la primera obra de Samuel Beckett en la cual aparece Victor Krap, quien luego en Krapp’s Last Tape será el mismo y otro a la vez. Así veremos cómo en el tránsito que va de una pieza a la otra, la identidad de Krapp entra en crisis a partir de la progresiva degradación de la memoria y la pérdida de sentido de las palabras.
La correspondencia personal. Una fuente documental para la enseñanza de la historia y la formación del profesorado de Primaria y Secundaria
Authors: Guerrero Elecalde Rafael , López Serrano Miguel Jesús
Published: December 2021

La enseñanza de la historia se efectúa desde categorías, debido a que está constituida en departamentos que no benefician su comprensión compleja. Por eso, se plantea la necesidad de ubicar a las personas en el eje del proceso didáctico, ejerciendo como lo que fueron, protagonistas de los aconteceres del pasado. Para ello, se plantea que los futuros docentes trabajen con documentos de carácter personal, especialmente con correspondencia personal. Entre otras cuestiones, la explotación de esta documentación resulta fundamental para el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico, la incentivación de los valores críticos, la construcción del conocimiento y el aprendizaje autónomo.
LEARNING NEW INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGIES USED IN COVID-19 TIMES
Authors: Rodriguez Calzada Lorena
Published: December 2021

Currently, online or hybrid teaching are increasingly in demand and have been driven by social, demographic and health factors such as that experienced during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The traditional classroom as originally was conceived has expanded both its temporal and physical limitations. This text shows how new innovative methodologies have been developed through different applications such as Wooclap or Gamification works, with the main objective of checking the perception, motivation and satisfaction of students. These are useful tools for teachers to get an easy and fast feedback from students. Two hypotheses are also presented, which will be contrasted with the analysis of the grades of the final tests of the 2019/2020 academic year and several questionnaires, with a high response ratio (88.33%), but with a small sample (60 subjects), where it has been found that the students adapt to the methods previously exposed. The main conclusion is the following: students adapt to remote teaching, they get involved in the subject and spend time learning, they are motivated to use innovative techniques, they show interest and participation in them.

Resumen

En la actualidad la docencia online o híbrida están cada vez más solicitadas y se han visto impulsadas por factores sociales, demográficos y sanitarios como el vivido durante la pandemia mundial por el COVID-19. El aula tradicional como se concebía en origen ha expandido sus limitaciones tanto temporales como físicas. En este texto se expone cómo se han desarrollado nuevas metodologías innovadoras a través de diferentes aplicaciones como Wooclap o trabajos con Gamificación, con el objetivo fundamental de comprobar la percepción, motivación y satisfacción del alumnado. Herramientas útiles para los docentes por conseguir en el alumnado una retroalimentación fácil y rápida. Se exponen, además, dos hipótesis que serán contrastadas con el análisis de las calificaciones de las pruebas finales del curso académico 2019/2020 y varios cuestionarios, con una ratio de respuesta alto (88,33%), pero con una muestra pequeña (60 sujetos), donde se ha comprobado que el alumnado se adapta a los métodos expuestos previamente. La conclusión principal es la siguiente: los alumnos se adaptan a la docencia en remoto, se involucran en la asignatura y emplean tiempo en el aprendizaje, les motiva emplear técnicas innovadoras, muestran interés y participación en las mismas.
PENTINGNYA BRAND COMMUNICATION, BRAND EXPERIENCE, DAN BRAND IMAGE DALAM MENINGKATKAN BRAND LOYALTY PADA RITEL FURNITUR: BRAND TRUST SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Nuhadriel Yohanes , Japiana Meilia , Keni
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh langsung brand communication, brand experience, dan brand image terhadap brand loyalty serta pengaruh tidak langsung melalui brand trust. Sampel dikumpulkan melalui metode non-probability sampling dengan teknik convenience sampling kepada 78 responden pelanggan ritel furnitur di Jakarta yang dilaksanakan pada April 2021. Pengujian hipotesis penelitian dilakukan dengan Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS- SEM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa brand communication, brand experience, dan brand image tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap brand loyalty. Brand trust berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap brand loyalty. brand communication tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap brand trust, sedangkan brand experience dan brand image berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap brand trust. Terakhir, brand trust tidak mampu memediasi brand communication terhadap brand loyalty, namun brand trust dapat memediasi pengaruh brand experience dan brand image terhadap brand loyalty.
Co powiedziały mi skarpetki... wzór bohatera literackiego w prozie Justyny Bednarek
Authors: Ungeheuer-Gołąb Alicja Anna
Published: December 2021

Tekst dotyczy twórczości dla dzieci współczesnej polskiej pisarki – Justyny Bednarek. Badaczka zajęła się dwoma pierwszymi częściami cyklu o skarpetkach [część I: Niesamowite przygody 10 skarpetek (czterech prawych i sześciu lewych) – 2015; część II: Nowe przygody skarpetek (jeszcze bardziej niesamowite) – 2017]. Podstawowym tematem jest ukazanie wzoru nowego bohatera literackiego w twórczości pisarki poprzez wyłonienie istotnych „prawd życiowych” reprezentowanych przez postaci skarpetek. Badaczka nawiązuje do refleksji nad przedmiotami w literaturze dziecięcej. Poszukuje kontekstów w pedagogice, psychoanalizie i kulturze. Stara się odkryć świat rzeczy pokazany w utworze poprzez losy poddanych personifikacji, tytułowych bohaterek. Interpretuje postać skarpetki, stworzonej przez Bednarek, widząc w niej wzór kulturowy dla współczesnych czytelników dziecięcych.
Wzorce jako narzędzia transmisji oddziaływań wychowawczych
Authors: Juszczyk-Rygałło Joanna
Published: December 2021

Definiując wychowanie jako proces pedagogiczny w zakresie oddziaływania na sferę osobowości jednostki zakłada się, że prowadzony jest on jako działanie intencjonalne i nieintencjonalne przez zawodowych i niezawodowych wychowawców oraz działanie samokształceniowe. Wszystkie te działania można traktować jako transmisję wartości przy użyciu narzędzi kształtowania prawidłowych parametrów tożsamościowych, którymi są wzorce identyfikacyjne (wzorce postępowania), w skład których wchodzą wzorce osobowe i wzorce zachowań. W artykule zamieszczono opis tych wzorców i ich interpretację jako pola wartości, w obrębie których prowadzona jest określona gra społeczna wyznaczająca rodzaje wpływów wzorców na tożsamość jednostki. Pola wartości wzorców przenikają się i dzięki temu jest możliwa ich eksploracja w poszukiwaniu nowych wzorców i w poszerzaniu przestrzeni poznawczych. Współcześnie, w epoce zdominowanej przez Internet, dziecko jest zanurzone w galaktyce wzorców, w tym narzuconych instytucjonalnie, sugerowanych przez wychowawców oraz własnych, odkrytych samodzielnie. Spośród nich tylko wzorce akceptowane przez dziecko są uaktywniane w procesach transmisji oddziaływań wychowawczych opartych na imitacji, identyfikacji i internalizacji. A artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę tych oddziaływań z perspektywy pedagogiki wychowania i w powiązaniu z różnymi rodzajami stosowanych wzorców.
Microcontrollers Performance in Portable Electronic Stethoscope Design with a Disease Symptoms Detection Feature
Authors: Hamzah Torib , Setioningsih Endang Dian , Sumber Sumber
Published: December 2021

One of the early examinations that is often done is to detect heart disease using a stethoscope. The electronic stethoscope consists of a membrane and tube from a conventional stethoscope coupled with a condenser microphone which is then connected to a computer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparison of two types of microcontrollers in the design of a portable electronic stethoscope equipped with a symptom detector. The research method used is instrumentation with 2 types of microcontrollers to design a heart sound detector. In processing the data to be displayed on the 16x2 Character LCD. Sending heart signal data for 60 seconds to produce BPM data which is processed using 2 different types of microcontrollers. The results of data collection on battery consumption of power usage on the AT mega 2560 resulted in an average saving of 0.11W. Therefore, it can be concluded that the two stethoscopes have a significant difference when compared, where the Arduino Mega 2560 is able to process data from heart signals faster than the AT mega 328P. The results of the research that have been carried out can be implemented using a system that strongly supports the needs when checking heart sound signals
Il fascismo ‘liberista’ e la ‘quasi abolizione’ dell’imposta di successione del 1923
Authors: Gabbuti Giacomo
Published: December 2021

In summer 1923, in the midst of the ‘fight’ to balance the budget, Minister Alberto De Stefani announced the abolition of inheritance tax, pursuant to the ‘full powers’ granted to the government by the Parliament. This abolition – possibly the most iconic act of the ‘financial restauration’ carried on by De Stefani – provoked surprise and interest in the country and abroad but was substantially overlooked by historians. This chapter – first outcome of a research in progress – offers a first historical reconstruction of this episode of early 1920s Italian economic history, by documenting both the positions of an influent advisor of De Stefani, the economist Maffeo Pantaleoni, and even more, the lobbying activity carried on by pressure groups such as the bankers’ association, an influential businessman linked to Mussolini such as Cesare Goldmann, and a young, very proactive association of notaries. Moreover, the chapter surveys the way in which both Italian and international media reported on this case of politics of inequality, offering a different perspective on a crucial period in the consolidation of Fascist power.
Taxation of Ride-hailing
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Lehe Lewis , Devunuri Sairpaneeth ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Rondan Javier ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Pandey Ayush ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Published: December 2021

This report is a guide to the practice of taxing ride-hailing at the state and local levels in the United States. The information is based on a survey of legislation, news articles, journal articles, revenue data, and interviews. We first review the literature and provide a history of ride-hailing and the practice of ride-hailing. We then profile all ride-hailing taxes in the United States, classifying these taxes according to common attributes and pointing out what details of legislation or history distinguishes each tax. One important distinction is between ad valorem taxes, levied as a percentage of fare or revenues, and “per-ride” taxes levied as a flat charge per ride. Another distinction is the differential treatment of shared and single rides. We provide extensive references to laws and ordinances as well as propose a system to classify the state legal environments under which ride-hailing is taxed. States fall into five regimes: (1) a “hands-off” regime wherein local governments are permitted wide leeway; (2) a “tax-free” regime wherein local taxes are prohibited and the state does not impose a tax; (3) a “state-tax-only” regime wherein local taxes are prohibited but the state levies taxes for its own use; (4) a “revenue-sharing” regime wherein the state levies taxes and distributes them to local governments; and (5) a “local-option” regime wherein local governments can opt into participating in a tax system regulated by the state. We make nine recommendations for Illinois policymakers considering taxes on ride-hailing, with the most important being that the state pass legislation clarifying and regulating the rights of local governments to levy such taxes.
ОСНОВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ НАЛОГОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА
Authors: Довлетмурзаева М.А. , Мацарова М.С.
Published: December 2021

Формирование адекватной и эффектив-ной налоговой системы, обеспечение ее предсказуемости и стабильности долж-но являться главным условием развития экономики. В данной статье анализу подлежит предложение относительно идеи внедрения общей консолидированной базы корпоративного налога в странах ЕС. Многие страны, входящие в состав ЕС, определяют в качестве объекта корпоративного налогообложения част-ные компании. Однако здесь возникает некоторая сложность во взаимодей-ствии юридического разделения и эконо-мического объединения лиц, входящих в корпоративную группу лиц. Если налого-вые выплаты при искусственно создан-ном разделении членов корпоративной группы образуют дополнительные про-центы, то их можно минимизировать. Для этого нужно вникнуть в сущность национального права. Здесь можно вос-пользоваться некоторыми правовыми инструментами. К таким стоит отне-сти льготы по налогообложению для межфирменных дивидендов, компенсаци-онные выплаты по потере убытков по группе в целом. Однако объективность использования данных инструментов подвергается сомнениям, так как нужно учитывать принцип запрета дискрими-нации и трансграничное налогообложе-ние.
Investigating geothermal reservoir potential using numerical simulation
Authors:   Petroleum Engineer, North Sinai Petroleum Company, Egypt, Motir Mohamed , El Banbi Ahmed ,   Professor of Petroleum Engineering and Chair of the Department, Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Egypt, Abu El Ela Mahmoud ,   Professor of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt, Samir Mohamed ,   Professor of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt, ElTayeb Sayed ,   Professor of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt, Haddara Sherif ,   Former Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Egypt
Published: December 2021

Egypt depends on oil and gas for electricity generation (about 90%). The remaining small percentage comes from the hydropower of the High Dam (about 8%), the wind energy, and the solar cells. Therefore, it is important to adjust this unbalanced energy mix in Egypt. The continuous scientific research is the best way to try to solve this problem by studying the feasibility of using available renewable energy sources. Among these energies is the geothermal potential energy. However, it has not been exploited as a renewable source for power generation in Egypt yet. This study aims to determine the locations of reservoirs, which have high temperature gradient that can be suitable for implementing geothermal energy projects in Egypt. The study is executed using data of deep wells that are located in different regions to investigate the technical possibility of utilizing subsurface reservoirs for geothermal power generation pilot projects. The results indicate that the best reservoirs with high temperature gradient are located in the Western Desert and around the Gulf of Suez especially at Hammam Faraun and Ras Budran fields. These two locations have recorded reservoir temperatures of 100°C and 146°C at depths of 1150 m and 3800 m, respectively. Simulation studies are conducted, and the results show that these formations can feed a power plant by 21,000 bbl/day of hot water at well head temperature ranging between 94°C and 105°C from a pilot project of two producers and one injector in Ras Budran (or four producers and two injectors in Hammam Faraun). Each pilot will be able to generate annual amount of electricity equal to 4,977 MWh through a binary cycle power plant. This proposed pilot project can be scaled up to generate additional electricity. Accordingly, application of this unfunded research recommendations can save hard currency and increase the national income.
Simulation of PEM fuel cell integrated DVR using SRF-ANFIS controller for power quality enhancement
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India, R Bhavani , Praba N Rathina ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India, S Ananthakumaran ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: December 2021

Voltage related Power Quality (PQ) problems are attracting the eyes of researchers, as these cause huge loss in productivity and profitability for both utilities and consumers. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a well-known custom power device that provides an economical solution for the alleviation of power quality problems. Generally, battery energy storage is used as an input for DVR, but batteries are still bulky and costly and must be disposed once their chemicals are used, which limits the compensation capability of DVR. Nowadays, Fuel Cell (FC) technologies have attracted much attention owing to their high efficiencies and low emissions. This project aims to model and simulate Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and is used as a DC input source for DVR. The suitable boost converter is designed and modelled to lift up the fuel cell output voltage suitable as DC link voltage for DVR. Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller uses Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRF) algorithm to generate d and q axis components of reference signal for Voltage Source Converter (VSC) of DVR. This PEMFC DVR is verified for balanced and unbalanced voltage sag, swell, and harmonics using MATLAB/SIMULINK. A simulation result proves that this PEMFC DVR is capable of providing a technically advanced and economic solution for balanced and unbalanced voltage sag and swell. During compensation, the DVR DC input voltage is also preserved as constant, which enhances the compensation capability of DVR.
A new generalized cross-connected switched capacitor multilevel inverter topology with high output voltage gain for single phase solar PV unit
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, St. Thomas' College of Engineering & Technology, Kolkata, India, P Prem , V Suresh ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India, Sathik M Jagabar ,   Renewable Energy Lab, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh-11586 and Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamilnadu, India, Aleem Shady H.E.Abdel ,   Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Dept., 15th of May Higher Institute of Engineering., Cairo, Egypt
Published: December 2021

Switched capacitor multilevel inverters are gaining much attention these days due to their merits like voltage boosting and voltage balancing characteristics. A Cross Connected Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter (C2SC-MLI) topology is proposed in this work. It can synthesize thirteen levels in the terminal voltage waveform and with a voltage boost ratio of 1:3. The topology is extendable by adding additional “n” modules in series. The number of levels (NLevel) and the voltage gain can be increased up to 4i+9 and 1:(i+2) respectively by connecting ‘i’ such ‘n’ modules. The topology also has inherent voltage balancing ability. To prove the advantage of proposed topology it is compared with recent switched capacitor multilevel inverter topologies and conventional multilevel inverter topologies in terms of number of power electronic components required, cost and voltage gain. The performance of proposed topology is validated using simulation in MATLAB and with an experimental prototype rated 0.1 kW fed by a solar PV emulator under steady state and dynamic loading conditions.
The experimental investigation of diesel fuel-biofuel blends at different injection pressures in a DI diesel engine
Authors:   School of Civil Aviation, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, Örs İlker , Ciniviz Murat ,   Technology Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, Sayin Kul Bahar ,   Technology Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, Kahraman Ali ,   Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
Published: December 2021

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of a diesel-biodiesel blend (B20) and a diesel-biodiesel-bioethanol blend (BE5) on combustion parameters in addition to engine performance and exhaust emissions compared with diesel fuel. Parameters included in the evaluation was brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, CO, CO2, HC, NOx, smoke opacity emissions and finally cylinder pressure, heat release rate, ignition delay, some key points of the combustion phases such as start of ignition, start of combustion, CA50 and CA90 and combustion duration. Engine tests were conducted at different injection pressures of 170 bar, 190 bar, which is the original injection pressure, and 220 bar by the engine being loaded by 25, 50, 75 and 100% for the assessment of engine performance and exhaust emissions. For combustion evaluation, the data obtained at 1400 rpm, maximum torque-speed, and 2800 rpm, maximum power-speed were used, while the injection pressures were set to 170, 190 and 220 bar under full load condition. According to test results, the better performance characteristics, exhaust emissions and combustion behaviour of engine were obtained with the use of BE5 at high injection pressure. So, BE5 fuel improved brake specific fuel consumption by about 7% and brake thermal efficiency by about 6% compared to B20. In addition, while the emission values of BE5 gave better results than diesel fuel, it reduced the NOx and smoke emissions of B20 by approximately 1.4% and 6.4% respectively. Moreover, it has achieved a reduction in smoke emission of up to 45% compared to diesel fuel.
The effect of supply channel structures on remanufacturing, pricing, and acquisition management
Authors:   School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, Taheri-Moghadam Alireza , Jolai Fariborz ,   School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, Razmi Jafar ,   School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, Taleizadeh Ata Allah ,   School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
Published: December 2021

This paper developed an acquisition management problem in a Closed-Loop Supply chain (CLSC) network. This study determines optimal selling prices of brand-new and remanufactured products, wholesale prices, and acquisition prices in various distribution and collection channel structures. It shows that determining the best structure is highly affected by the model’s parameters, as well as the decision-makers’ objectives. Moreover, precious managerial insights from five different viewpoints have been provided for decision-makers in order to benefit considerably from various situations of remanufacturing and acquisition activities, as well as manufacturing and distribution activities. Simulation approach is employed for analyzing the proposed solutions in different conditions.
Thermal modelling and simulation of a laboratory building for cooling energy consumption
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia, M. Suliman Fakher Eldin , A. Elsheikh Elfatih ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this study is to identify and calculate the necessary variables for a building that can be used as input data in energy simulation tools and to determine the cooling energy consumption buildings and to examine the influence of applying energy rationalization measures. Based on that, we developed, applied, and validated a Simulink-based energy demand model of a governmental building to quantify the amount of cooling energy consumption in a case study environment. The model includes an air conditioner (plant model), controlled by a thermostat (controller model), to cool the laboratory building (environment model) to the desired temperature. The processes used here to construct the model layout and algorithm design can be extended to accommodate other multipart models or different construction sectors.
Developing an integrated conceptual framework for monitoring and controlling risks related to occupational health and safety
Authors:   Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Bingol University, Bingol, 12000, Turkey, Mutlu Nazli Gulum , Altuntas Serkan ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey
Published: December 2021

There is a strong relationship between monitoring and controlling risks from several perspectives and developing effective measures to ensure continuous improvement by creating value in occupational health and safety. Business systems that transform into complex and sociotechnical systems have a dynamic structure and contain various serious risks that threaten employee health and safety based on the technological development. Even if the risk impact is reduced with the classical attempts of occupational safety experts to prevent losses, new risks may arise owing to missed risks. Therefore, risks must be continuously monitored and controlled with functionally complementary tools. In addition, these tools must interact with each other. Achieving effective results from their effort in coping with risks is another key factor for businesses. In this paper, an integrated conceptual framework for monitoring and controlling risks in occupational health and safety is proposed. The proposed framework consists of four parts. The hypothesis proposed in the first part focuses on learning from accidents, and that proposed in the second part is related to the proactive analysis and evaluation of risks. The hypothesis proposed in the third part deals with the correct ranking of risks, and that proposed in the fourth part focuses on the development of an early-warning system based on safety technologies. The hypotheses should interact and support each other in the integrated conceptual framework. Finally, the safety performance can be enhanced, and continuous improvement can be achieved by preventing the waste of time and resources.