bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nontrivial Solutions for 4-Superlinear Schrödinger–Kirchhoff Equations with Indefinite Potentials
Authors: Chen Wei , Wu Yue
Published: March 2021

This paper is devoted to the 4-superlinear Schrödinger–Kirchhoff equation

−

a
+
b

∫

ℝ

3

∇
u

2

d
x

Δ
u
+
V

x

u
=
f

x
,
u

,
in
 

ℝ

3

,

where

a
>
0

,

b
≥
0

. The potential

V

here is indefinite so that the Schrödinger operator

−
Δ
+
V

possesses a finite-dimensional negative space. By using the Morse theory, we obtain nontrivial solutions for this problem.
A New Random Forest Algorithm Based on Learning Automata
Authors: Savargiv Mohammad , Masoumi Behrooz , Keyvanpour Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2021

The goal of aggregating the base classifiers is to achieve an aggregated classifier that has a higher resolution than individual classifiers. Random forest is one of the types of ensemble learning methods that have been considered more than other ensemble learning methods due to its simple structure, ease of understanding, as well as higher efficiency than similar methods. The ability and efficiency of classical methods are always influenced by the data. The capabilities of independence from the data domain, and the ability to adapt to problem space conditions, are the most challenging issues about the different types of classifiers. In this paper, a method based on learning automata is presented, through which the adaptive capabilities of the problem space, as well as the independence of the data domain, are added to the random forest to increase its efficiency. Using the idea of reinforcement learning in the random forest has made it possible to address issues with data that have a dynamic behaviour. Dynamic behaviour refers to the variability in the behaviour of a data sample in different domains. Therefore, to evaluate the proposed method, and to create an environment with dynamic behaviour, different domains of data have been considered. In the proposed method, the idea is added to the random forest using learning automata. The reason for this choice is the simple structure of the learning automata and the compatibility of the learning automata with the problem space. The evaluation results confirm the improvement of random forest efficiency.
Customized Preventive Maintenance Strategies for Products Sold with Two-Dimensional Warranty
Authors: Dong Fangqi , Wang Huaqiang , Men Feng , Liang Lijun
Published: March 2021

Two-dimensional warranty has played a significant role in improving product quality and competitiveness. However, two-dimensional basic warranty (BW) and extended warranty (EW) have not yet been combined effectively, and the customized maintenance strategies based on the consumers’ heterogeneity have been quite limited, which result in high maintenance costs. In this paper, the possibility of reducing warranty cost over BW and EW is explored by classifying customers based on their usage rates and then offering them with customized preventive maintenance (PM) strategies. By considering the purchasing ratio of EW contracts, the PM strategies for BW and EW are closely combined by the bi-level programming model. Numerical analysis is given to show the application of the proposed warranty strategy, and the significant findings and sensitivity of the main parameters are analyzed in the end. The findings demonstrate that the customized PM strategies combining BW and EW can effectively reduce warranty costs within the warranty period and provide a scientific guidance for manufacturers to design a more reasonable PM strategy.
Influencing Factors for the Instability and Collapse Mode of the Goaf Structure in a Gypsum Mine
Authors: Du Zhaowen , Liu Zhihe , Liu Rui , Wang Sheng , Li Faxin
Published: March 2021

Large‐area goafs in a gypsum mine tend to collapse after 10 or more years, but the influencing factors are still unclear, and the effects of multiple factors have not been comprehensively considered. In this study, the failure mechanism and collapse mode of the room‐pillar goaf structure were analyzed, and the uniaxial compressive strength tests of the pillars under different conditions were carried out in a laboratory. The influences of water, temperature, and time on the strength of the gypsum rock were considered. These three factors weakened the gypsum rock in different degrees. After 120 days of immersion, water had the greatest effect with a strength‐weakening rate of 52.61%. After 20 temperature cycles, changes in temperature had little effect with a strength‐weakening rate of 12.60%. After 25 years of aging, the strength‐weakening rate of time was 25.13%. These results show how different factors affect the instability and collapse of the goaf structure, which are of great significance for predicting and preventing this from happening.
Map Matching for Fixed Sensor Data Based on Utility Theory
Authors: He Kangkang , Cao Qi , Ren Gang , Li Dawei , Zhang Shuichao
Published: March 2021

Map matching can provide useful traffic information by aligning the observed trajectories of vehicles with the road network on a digital map. It has an essential role in many advanced intelligent traffic systems (ITSs). Unfortunately, almost all current map-matching approaches were developed for GPS trajectories generated by probe sensors mounted in a few vehicles and cannot deal with the trajectories of massive vehicle samples recorded by fixed sensors, such as camera detectors. In this paper, we propose a novel map-matching model termed Fixed-MM, which is designed specifically for fixed sensor data. Based on two key observations from real-world data, Fixed-MM considers (1) the utility of each path and (2) the travel time constraint to match the trajectories of fixed sensor data to a specific path. Meanwhile, with the laws derived from the distribution of GPS trajectories, a path generation algorithm was developed to search for candidates. The proposed Fixed-MM was examined with field-test data. The experimental results show that Fixed-MM outperforms two types of classical map-matching algorithms regarding accuracy and efficiency when fixed sensor data are used. The proposed Fixed-MM can identify 68.38% of the links correctly, even when the spatial gap between the sensor pair is increased to five kilometers. The average computation time spent by Fixed-MM on one point is only 0.067 s, and we argue that the proposed method can be used online for many real-time ITS applications.
Systematic Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Platelet Function of Sofren Injection in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Fan Genhao , Liu Menglin , Xing Zuoying , Chen Zhaoqi , Zhu Mingjun , Wang Yongxia
Published: March 2021

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofren injection combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of angina pectoris with sofren injection combined with Western medicine were collected by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Database, Weipu Database, and China Biomedical Literature Service System (CBM) by computer with the retrieval time from establishment of database to August 2020. After literature screening according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, data of eligible studies were extracted, and then, a meta-analysis was conducted with the RevMan 5.3 software. The results of meta-analysis showed that the combination of sofren injection and Western medicine improved the platelet aggregation rate of patients (MD = −5.53, 95% CI (−6.42, −4.64),

P
<
0.00001

), PAI-1 (SMD = −2.29, 95% CI (−2.57, −2.01),

P
<
0.00001

), TXB2 (MD = −11.91, 95% CI (−14.50, −9.32),

P
<
0.00001

), duration of angina attack (MD = −2.01, 95% CI (−3.14, −0.87),

P
=
0.0005

), ECG symptoms (RR = 1.29, 95% CI (1.20, 1.37),

P
<
0.00001

), whole blood viscosity (MD = −1.07, 95% CI (−1.66, −0.48),

P
=
0.0004

), plasma viscosity (MD = −0.27, 95% CI (−0.35, −0.20),

P
<
0.00001

), fibrinogen (MD = −0.67, 95% CI (−0.84, −0.50),

P
<
0.00001

), whole blood high shear viscosity (MD = −1.04, 95% CI (−1.30, −0.79),

P
<
0.00001

), whole blood low shear viscosity (MD = −2.03, 95% CI (−2.53, −1.53),

P
<
0.00001

), CRP (MD = −1.96, 95% CI (−3.01, −0.91),

P
=
0.0003

), IL-6 (MD = −2.79, 95% CI (−4.02, −1.55),

P
<
0.00001

), and TNF-α (MD = −17.34, 95% CI (−25.86, −8.81),

P
<
0.00001

) and better than the Western medicine group, and there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (

P
=
0.48

). The clinical application of sofren injection combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris is clear and safe, so it is recommended for clinical application.
IL‐33 as a Novel Serum Prognostic Marker of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Miao Ye , Zhang Zhen-xing , Feng Xu , Sun Wei-ming
Published: March 2021

Objective. Interleukin 33 (IL‐33) is a key cytokine involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. The significance of serum IL‐33 levels on the prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been well studied. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between the serum IL‐33 level and the prognosis of patients with ICH upon admission. Methods. A total of 402 patients with confirmed ICH were included in this study. Their demographic data, medical history, laboratory data, imaging data, and clinical scores on admission were collected. At the same time, enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum IL‐33 levels of patients. The prognosis of patients was evaluated by mRS scale after 3 months, and mRS > 2 was defined as poor prognosis. Results. Among 402 patients with ICH, the number of patients with good prognosis and poor prognosis after 3 months was 148 and 254, respectively. Compared with the ICH group with poor prognosis, the ICH group with good prognosis had lower baseline NHISS scores (p = 0.039) and hematoma volume (p = 0.025) and higher GCS scores (p < 0.001) and serum IL‐33 levels (p < 0.001). The results of linear correlation analysis showed that serum IL‐33 levels were significantly negatively correlated with baseline NHISS scores (r = −0.224, p = 0.033) and hematoma volume (r = −0.253, p = 0.046) but were significantly positively correlated with baseline GCS scores (r = 0.296, p = 0.020). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of serum IL‐33 level in evaluating the prognosis of ICH were 72.1% and 74.3%, respectively. A cut‐off value of serum IL‐33 level < 109.3 pg/mL may indicate a poor prognosis for ICH. Conclusions. Serum IL‐33 level on admission may be a prognostic indicator of ICH, and its underlying mechanism needs further study.
The Effects of Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption on the Cognitive Function of Community Nondemented Male Elderly: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yan Zhang , Yingjie Zhang , Na An , Qi Qiu , Wei Li , Wenzheng Wang , Lin Sun , Shifu Xiao
Published: March 2021

Aim. To investigate the effects of light-to-moderate drinking on the cognitive function of the elderly in a large elderly community cohort. Although heavy drinking is linked with impaired brain functions, the effects of light-to-moderate drinking on the cognitive function of the elderly are still controversial. Methods. A total of 1469 nondemented elderly men from 15 research centers in 8 cities and provinces were included and divided into two groups: drinking (531 subjects) and nondrinking (938 subjects). Cognitive functions were assessed by the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline and one-year follow-up. Results. There was no difference in total cognitive scores between the light-to-moderate drinking and nondrinking groups at baseline and follow-up. Nonalcohol users performed better naming and abstraction function at baseline and better naming function at follow-up. There was no difference in cognitive performance decline and new-onset dementia rates at follow-up. Conclusions. Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption had no significant impact on the overall cognitive function and the risk of dementia in elderly men.
Gastric Antral Diverticula: A Rare Diverticula with a Unique Presentation
Authors: Singh Pratishtha , Raynor Kathleen , Froes Chadley
Published: March 2021

Gastric diverticula are the least common gastrointestinal diverticula. Patients can be diagnosed incidentally on EGD or present with variable symptoms such as abdominal fullness, anorexia, and perforation. Gastric diverticula can be acquired from malignancy, peptic ulcer disease, or prior surgery or be congenital. Treatment varies based on symptomatology ranging from conservative medical management with proton pump inhibitors to surgical treatment with open or laparoscopic resection. We present a case of a 73-year-old female with acquired gastric diverticulum presenting as a gastric outlet obstruction who was successfully treated with conservative medical therapy.
Use of Complementary Alternative Medicine and the Associated Factors among Patients with Depression
Authors: Ashraf Hamide , Salehi Alireza , Sousani Malihe , Sharifi Mohammad Hossein
Published: March 2021

Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) has been widely used in the world, but limited data are available on the use of CAM in depression. This study aimed to evaluate the use of CAM and its associated factors in depression. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 depressed patients referred to the Yasuj Neurology and Psychiatric Clinic, southern Iran, between 2019 and 2020. A valid semistructured international questionnaire was used; amongst the participants, 230 (77%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 41.47 ± 12.2 years and the mean duration of the disease was 4.49 ± 4.88 years. The prevalence of CAM use was 37.6% among the patients. The results showed a significant difference between the CAM users and nonusers regarding the disease duration (

p
=
0.045

) and body mass index (

p
=
0.007

). Moreover, the results of logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between CAM use and female gender, disease duration, overweight, obesity, and self-employment (

p
=
0.039

,

p
=
0.028

,

p
=
0.029

,

p
=
0.048

, and

p
=
0.044

, resp.). The most frequently used type of CAM was herbal medicine (97.35%) followed by pray therapy (23.89%). Additionally, the most widely used herbs were borage (77%), chamomile (46.9%), and lavender (21.2%). Furthermore, 62.8% of the patients reported that their main reason for using CAM was its effectiveness. The majority of the patients (77%) had not consulted their physicians prior to utilization of CAM therapies. Herbal medicine was the most common form of CAM in depression, with a high satisfaction level. Thus, it is necessary to increase physicians’ awareness in different fields of CAM.
Inertial-Based Human Motion Capture: A Technical Summary of Current Processing Methodologies for Spatiotemporal and Kinematic Measures
Authors: Hindle Benjamin R. , Keogh Justin W. L. , Lorimer Anna V.
Published: March 2021

Inertial-based motion capture (IMC) has been suggested to overcome many of the limitations of traditional motion capture systems. The validity of IMC is, however, suggested to be dependent on the methodologies used to process the raw data collected by the inertial device. The aim of this technical summary is to provide researchers and developers with a starting point from which to further develop the current IMC data processing methodologies used to estimate human spatiotemporal and kinematic measures. The main workflow pertaining to the estimation of spatiotemporal and kinematic measures was presented, and a general overview of previous methodologies used for each stage of data processing was provided. For the estimation of spatiotemporal measures, which includes stride length, stride rate, and stance/swing duration, measurement thresholding and zero-velocity update approaches were discussed as the most common methodologies used to estimate such measures. The methodologies used for the estimation of joint kinematics were found to be broad, with the combination of Kalman filtering or complimentary filtering and various sensor to segment alignment techniques including anatomical alignment, static calibration, and functional calibration methods identified as being most common. The effect of soft tissue artefacts, device placement, biomechanical modelling methods, and ferromagnetic interference within the environment, on the accuracy and validity of IMC, was also discussed. Where a range of methods have previously been used to estimate human spatiotemporal and kinematic measures, further development is required to reduce estimation errors, improve the validity of spatiotemporal and kinematic estimations, and standardize data processing practices. It is anticipated that this technical summary will reduce the time researchers and developers require to establish the fundamental methodological components of IMC prior to commencing further development of IMC methodologies, thus increasing the rate of development and utilisation of IMC.
Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Regulates Urinary Stem Cells Differentiation into Smooth Muscle via NF-κB Signal Pathway
Authors: Huang Liang-liang , Deng Jun-hong , Xie Jing-xuan , Lin Zi-bin , Jiang Hui , Ouyang Bin , Liu Jian-ming , Wei Yan-ni , Cai Zhou-da
Published: March 2021

Objectives. Urinary stem cells (USCs) have the capacity for unlimited growth and are promising tools for the investigations of cell differentiation and urinary regeneration. However, the limited life span significantly restricts their usefulness. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differentiation of the dog USCs and investigating its molecular mechanism. Methods. An immortalized USCs cell line with the molecular markers and biological functions was prepared. After successfully inducing the differentiation of USCs into SMCs, the expression level of the unique key factor and its mechanisms in this process was determined through real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, or Immunofluorescence staining. Results. We found that high cell density promoted USCs differentiation SMCs, and ILK was necessary for USCs differentiation into SMCs. Knocking down ILK decreased the expression of SMCs specific-marker, while using a selective ILK agonist increased the expression of SMCs specific-marker. Furthermore, ILK regulated SMCs differentiation in part through the activation of NF-κB pathway in USCs. A NF-κB activity assay showed overexpression of ILK could significantly upregulate NF-κB p50 expression, and NF-κB p50 acts as downstream signal molecular of ILK. Conclusion. High cell density induces the differentiation of USCs into SMCs, and ILK is a key regulator of myogenesis. Furthermore, NF-κB signaling pathway might play a crucial role in this process.
Study on the Dynamic Response of Landslide Subjected to Earthquake by the Improved DDA Method
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Li , Xie Bi-Ting , Wang Hao , Jiao Yu-Yong
Published: March 2021

Majiagou landslide, a major ancient landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir region, is located in the high earthquake area of southwest China. The 2013 Badong earthquake caused an obvious deformation of landslide monitored by the sliding inclinometer. A strong earthquake may induce the reactivation of ancient landslide. So, it is necessary to research the seismic dynamic response of Majiagou landslide. For this purpose, discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), improved by introducing the artificial joint and viscous boundary, is applied in this study. The displacements at monitoring points caused by Badong earthquake are calculated and compared with the field data, verifying the numerical method and model. Further, a strong earthquake with the peak acceleration of 1 g is assumed to act on the landside, the initiation and evolution process of landslide is simulated, and the movement features of landslide are discussed. The dynamic failure of landslide and the local amplification of seismic wave can be embodied, indicating that the improved DDA provides an alternative approach for analyzing the seismic dynamic response of jointed rock.
Fibrin Glue-Kartogenin Complex Promotes the Regeneration of the Tendon-Bone Interface in Rotator Cuff Injury
Authors: Zhu Jun , Shao Jiahua , Chen Yi , Zhao Guangyi , Li Lexiang , Fu Qiwei , Qian Qirong , Zhou Qi , Ding Zheru , Zhou Yiqin
Published: March 2021

Objective. Rotator cuff injury healing is problematic because the tendon-bone junction often forms cicatricial tissues, rather than fibrocartilage, which leads to mechanical impairment and is prone to redamage. Kartogenin (KGN) is a newly discovered small molecule compound which can induce cartilage formation through chondrogenesis of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells. Methods. In this study, we used KGN with fibrin glue (FG) to repair the rotator cuff injury by promoting the formation of fibrocartilage at the tendon to bone interface. Firstly, we assessed the release rate of KGN from the FG-KGN complex and then created a rabbit rotator cuff tendon graft-bone tunnel model. The rabbits received saline, FG-KGN, or FG injections onto the tendon to bone interface after injury. Shoulder tissues were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks, and the sections were stained with HE and Safranin O/Fast green. The samples were assessed by histologic evaluation and biomechanical testing. Synovial mesenchymal stem cells derived from the synovial tissue around the rotator cuff were harvested for western blotting and qRT-PCR analysis. Results. KGN was released rapidly from the FG-KGN complex during first 4 hrs and followed by a slow release until 7 days. The tendon graft-bone interface in the control (saline) group and the FG group was filled with scar tissue, rather than cartilage-like tissue, and only a small number of chondrocytes were found at the adjacent bone surface. In the FG-KGN group, the tendon to bone interface was fully integrated and populated by chondrocytes with proteoglycan deposition, indicating the formation of fibrocartilage-like tissues. At 12 weeks, the maximum tensile strength of the FG-KGN group was significantly higher than that of the FG and control groups (

P
<
0.01

). The RNA expression levels of tendinous genes such as Tenascin C and the chondrogenic gene Sox-9 were substantially elevated in SMSCs treated with the FG-KGN complex compared to the other two groups. Conclusion. These results indicated that fibrin glue is an effective carrier for KGN, allowing for the sustained release of KGN. The FG-KGN complex could effectively promote the regeneration and formation of fibrocartilage tissue of the tendon-bone interface in the rabbit rotator cuff tendon graft-bone tunnel model.
Consumers’ Perception of Generic Medicines and Evaluation of In Vitro Quality Control Parameters of Locally Manufactured Paracetamol Tablets in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Idris Idris Mohammed , Hassan Diyae Nesredin , Hassen Hanan Abdelkadir , Araya Rahwa Zerabruk , Weldemariam Dawit G.
Published: March 2021

Generic medicines are clinically equivalent and can be used interchangeably for their intended use. Globally, the usage of generic medicines is highly recommended because of their affordability and accessibility. However, consumers hold a negative perception and attitude of using generic medicine as they consider it poor and having inferior quality compared to branded medicines. This study was conducted to assess the consumers’ general view of generic medicines and in vitro evaluation of a locally produced generic medicine, paracetamol. An analytical and cross‐sectional study was conducted in three selected hospitals, and in vitro quality control evaluation was done in National Drug Quality Control Laboratory between October 26 and November 21, 2017, in Asmara, Eritrea. A systematic random sampling design was employed, and the data was collected using a questionnaire and a check‐list for recording the quality control parameters of paracetamol tablets. A total of 403 respondents were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were females (61.8%). Generally, about half (49.1%) of the respondents choose locally manufactured paracetamol over the imported ones. More than half (68.5%) of the respondents did not believe expensive medicines are of better quality. The main reason consumers prefer the local paracetamol (Azemol) tablet to the imported one was due to their good experience (62.1%). About three‐fourths (78.1%) of the consumers also believed that medicines manufactured abroad confer higher quality. At the multivariate level, having educational backgrounds such as elementary (AOR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.251, 14.035) and junior (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.146, 5.028) was associated with preferability to local paracetamol as a pain killer over the brand ones. The in vitro test of the local paracetamol met the standard specification for the identification test, weight variation test, pharmacopeial test, friability test, disintegration test, and dissolution test. In conclusion, the majority of the consumers considered local paracetamol as having an inferior quality when compared with brand paracetamol. However, the reality revealed that the local paracetamol was of the same quality as the brand ones. To facilitate widespread use of generic medicines, healthcare professionals should educate consumers on the advantages of these medicines.
CAR T-Cell Production Using Nonviral Approaches
Authors: Lukjanov Viktor , Koutná Irena , Šimara Pavel
Published: March 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T-cells) represent a novel and promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of oncological patients is steadily growing in developed countries despite immense progress in oncological treatments, and the prognosis of individual patients is still relatively poor. Exceptional results have been recorded for CAR T-cell therapy in patients suffering from B-cell malignancies. This success opens up the possibility of using the same approach for other types of cancers. To date, the most common method for CAR T-cell generation is the use of viral vectors. However, dealing with virus-derived vectors brings possible obstacles in the CAR T-cell manufacturing process owing to strict regulations and high cost demands. Alternative approaches may facilitate further development and the transfer of the method to clinical practice. The most promising substitutes for virus-derived vectors are transposon-derived vectors, most commonly sleeping beauty, which offer great coding capability and a safe integration profile while maintaining a relatively low production cost. This review is aimed at summarizing the state of the art of nonviral approaches in CAR T-cell generation, with a unique perspective on the conditions in clinical applications and current Good Manufacturing Practice. If CAR T-cell therapy is to be routinely used in medical practice, the manufacturing cost and complexity need to be as low as possible, and transposon-based vectors seem to meet these criteria better than viral-based vectors.
Investigation on the Accuracy of Approximate Solutions Obtained by Perturbation Method for Galloping Equation of Iced Transmission Lines
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Yang Shuguang , Min Guangyun , Cai Mengqi , Wu Chuan , Jiang Yantao
Published: March 2021

Perturbation method is a commonly used method to solve galloping equation of iced transmission lines, but few scholars have studied the influences of perturbation method on the accuracy of approximate solutions of the galloping equation. In order to analyze the accuracy of approximate solutions obtained by perturbation method for galloping equation of iced transmission lines, the partial differential galloping equation of iced transmission lines with quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms is obtained firstly. Then, the partial differential galloping equation is transformed into ordinary differential galloping equation by Galerkin method. Finally, the approximate solutions of the partial differential galloping equation are obtained by averaging method and first-order, second-order, third-order, and fourth-order multiple scales methods, and the results obtained by these methods are compared systematically. By comparing the numerical solutions and the approximate solutions obtained by averaging method, it can be found that, with the increasing in wind velocity and Young’s modulus of iced transmission lines, the nonlinearity of the system would strengthen and the drift of the vibration center of the system would also increase. The larger the drift is, the greater the error between the approximate solutions obtained by averaging method and the numerical solutions will be. And when the wind velocity reaches 32 m/s, the error would arrive at 17.321%. By comparing the numerical solutions and the approximate solutions obtained by the first-order, the second-order, the third-order, and the fourth-order multiple scales methods, it can be concluded that the first-order multiple scales method is less complex computationally. The accuracy of approximate solutions obtained by the fourth-order multiple scales method is better than that obtained by the first-order, the second-order, and the third-order multiple scales methods, and the error between the approximate solutions obtained by the fourth-order multiple scales method and the numerical solutions is less than 0.639%. The conclusions obtained in this paper would be helpful to the solutions of galloping equation of iced transmission lines and could also give some references to practical engineering.
Identification of 24 Unknown Substances (NIAS/IAS) from Food Contact Polycarbonate by LC-Orbitrap Tribrid HRMS-DDMS3: Safety Assessment
Authors: Yusà Vicent , López Antonio , Dualde Pablo , Pardo Olga , Fochi Igor , Miralles Pablo , Coscollá Clara
Published: March 2021

Twenty-four substances, mainly NIAS, have been tentatively identified in food contact polycarbonate through the application a new, fast, and automated analytical strategy for the investigation of unknowns in food contact materials. Most of the identified compounds were plasticizers, slip agents, antioxidants, and ultraviolet stabilizers and fragrances, and the majority of them have not been previously identified in PC food contact materials. The workflow setup includes an intelligent data acquisition applied using LC-Orbitrap Tribrid-HRMS (MS3), with an automated data processing using Compound DiscovererTM. To obtain a high confidence identification of unknown substances, a very strict criterion has been established, which comprises exact mass, isotopic profile, MS2 match, retention time, and MS3 match. To check for the safety of the migration from the food contact polycarbonate, a risk assessment was achieved using the threshold of the toxicological concern (TTC) approach. Except for the slip agent hexadecanamide, the compounds tentatively identified do not represent a risk.
A Novel PID Control Strategy Based on Improved GA-BP Neural Network for Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Current-Doubler Synchronous Rectifying Converter
Authors: Liu Hemiao , Cheng Yanming , Zhao Yulian , Al Shurafa Mahmoud , Wu Jing , Liu Cheng , Lee Ilkyoo , Lee Minwoo , Cha Jaesang
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a phase-shifted full-bridge current-doubler synchronous rectifying converter (PSFB-CDSRC) based on IGBT and its control strategies are studied. In the main circuit, a current doubling synchronous rectifying circuit based on IGBT is presented to further reduce the power loss of power devices. Moreover, in the control strategy, in view of the existing researches, the basic BP neural network PID control performance of the rectifying converter still can be further improved. Therefore, this paper combines the quasi-Newton algorithm and traditional GA to propose an improved GA-BP (IGA-BP) neural network to further improve PID control performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the maximum efficiency of 5 V/500 A rectifying converter based on the proposed circuit scheme can reach 94.1%, and the rectifying converter has a good performance of excellent waveform and wide range of load. IGA-BP neural network PID control responds fast and reaches the stable state quickly in comparison with that controlled by the GA-BP neural network control strategy, and the steady-state time can be reduced by 10.5% through using IGA-BP neural network control strategy. This study can provide a valuable guidance and reference, not only in circuit scheme but also in the optimal PID control strategy for design of the high-efficiency DC/DC rectifying converter with higher power in the future.
Attenuated lncRNA NKILA Enhances the Secretory Function of Airway Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Mycoplasma pneumoniae via NF‐κB
Authors: Zhang Fengxia , Zhang Jiamin , Liu Feng , Zhou Yao , Guo Yun , Duan Qingning , Zhu Yifan , Zhao Deyu , Gu Haiyan
Published: March 2021

The secretory function of airway epithelial cells is important in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). To investigate the regulatory function of NKILA (nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) interacting long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)) in MPP, we first detected NKILA as well as the concentration of interleukin 8 (IL‐8) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with MPP. Then, NKILA was knocked down in epithelial cells to investigate its effect on their secretory function. The results suggested that NKILA was downregulated in children with MPP, while IL‐8 and TNF‐α levels increased. Knockdown of NKILA in vitro promoted the inflammatory effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in epithelial A549 and BEAS‐2B cells. Knockdown of NKILA promoted inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation and degradation, and NF‐κB p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation showed that NKILA could physically bind to IκBα in MP‐treated A549 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrated that attenuation of NKILA enhances the effects of MP‐stimulated secretory functions of epithelial cells via regulation of NF‐κB signaling.
Comparative Numerical Analysis between Two Types of Orthodontic Wire for the Lingual Technique, Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Hernández-Vázquez Rosa Alicia , Marquet-Rivera Rodrigo Arturo , Mastache-Miranda Octavio Alejandro , Vázquez-López Angel Javier , Cruz-López Salvador , Vázquez-Feijoo Juan Alejandro
Published: March 2021

In the lingual orthodontic technique, there are two paradigms regarding the type of wire used. Regardless of the material or gauge, some orthodontists choose to use the straight wire and resin and bond it to the surface of the tooth; they call it compensations. Other orthodontists prefer to bend the wire, giving it a mushroom shape. There is no specific indication for the use of each type of wire, so orthodontists use them according to their criteria. The present study establishes the bases so that it is possible to find the indications for each type of wire. A clinical trial of a lingual orthodontic patient was used. To carry out the comparative study, a straight arch was placed in his right arch and a mushroom arch in the left arch. Using 3D imaging, a high-biofidelity biomodel of the patient’s mandible was generated, with which the FEM analysis was performed, which allowed comparing the reactions of the mandibular bone and appliances with the different arches. It was found that, on the side with the straight arch, there were greater deformations, and in the mushroom arch, there were greater stresses. With this, it is possible to find which clinical cases in each type of wire are indicated.
Antigen-Specific Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Respiratory System Were Generated following Intranasal Vaccination of Mice with BCG
Authors: Wu Qiongli , Kang Shuangpeng , Huang Jun , Wan Shunqiao , Yang Binyan , Wu Changyou
Published: March 2021

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are different from effector memory T cells (TEM) and central memory T cells (TCM) and contribute to the protective immunity against local challenges. Currently, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells in the nasal mucosa, trachea, lungs, and lavage fluids were heterogeneous on the expression of CD69 and CD103 as well as the production of cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. After intranasal vaccination of mice with BCG, respiratory tissues expressed higher levels of the chemokine CXCL16 and TRM cells expressed CXCR6 to CXCL16. In addition, antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells expressed cytokines following the stimulation with BCG and persisted in the nasal mucosa, trachea, and lungs for more than a hundred days. At the same time, mice were infected intranasally with live BCG and the results showed that vaccinated mice cleared up live BCG faster than nonvaccinated mice in the respiratory system. Taken together, our data demonstrated that intranasal vaccination of mice with BCG could induce antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells in the respiratory system and have the ability to provide protection against pulmonary reinfection.
Greater and More Focused Measures Are Needed to Tackle Diabetes and Obesity Epidemics in the Nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: Arredouani Abdelilah
Published: March 2021

Beyond the suffering of the affected subjects, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity epidemics gripping the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states are expected to seriously jeopardize these nations’ economies and development due to productivity losses. Available data show that healthcare budgets in GCC nations are under tremendous pressure because of diabetes- and obesity-linked comorbidities. Furthermore, T2D, once an over-forties disease, risks becoming a whole-adult-life condition because of obesity-associated early-onset T2D and prediabetes. The incidence of T2D is set to worsen unless efficient actions are taken to fight obesity and prevent the conversion of prediabetes to T2D. There is a consensus that the concomitant increase in obesity rates drives T2D rates upward. Fighting obesity at all levels should, therefore, take center stage for the GCC nations. The battle against obesity and T2D is a long-term and complex one. Therefore, only through concerted efforts between several public and private actors, including health, economic, and urbanization agencies, food producers and retailers, schools, families, youth organizations, sports clubs, and voluntary organizations, can this battle be won. The present review tries to assess the current status of diabetes and obesity epidemics in the GCC context and take stock of some of the policies and initiatives that have been, or need to be, implemented to address their growing burden.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Children and Adolescents in High‐Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Bitew Zebenay Workneh , Alemu Ayinalem , Tenaw Zelalem , Alebel Animut , Worku Teshager , Ayele Ermias Getaneh
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an assemblage of interconnected cardiovascular risk factors that are prevalent among children and adolescents in high‐income countries (HICs). Despite the presence of several studies on the issue, the study findings are incongruent due to the absence of a gold standard diagnostic method of MetS in children. Thus, the findings of the original studies are inconclusive for policy makers and other stakeholders. This systematic review and meta‐analysis is aimed at giving conclusive evidence about MetS among children and adolescents in HICs. Methods. We conducted searches using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (Elsevier), and Medline (EBSCOhost)) and other sources (Google Scholar and Google) up to September 2020. Observational studies reporting the prevalence of MetS were eligible in this study. The pooled estimates were computed in fixed and random effect models using six diagnostic methods (IDF, ATP III, de Ferranti et al., WHO, Weiss et al., and Cruz and Goran). Publication bias was verified using funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed in case of higher heterogeneities among the included studies. Result. In this study, 77 studies with a total population of 125,445 children and adolescents were used in the final analysis. Metabolic syndrome among the overweight and obese population was computed from 28 studies with the pooled prevalence of 25.25%, 24.47%, 39.41%, 29.52%, and 33.36% in IDF, ATP III, de Ferranti et al., WHO, and Weiss et al. criteria, respectively. Likewise, 49 studies were eligible to compute the pooled prevalence of MetS in the general population of children and adolescents. Hence, MetS was found in 3.70% (IDF), 5.40% (ATP III), 14.78% (de Ferranti et al.), 3.90% (WHO), and, 4.66% (Cruz and Goran) of study participants. Regarding the components of MetS, abdominal obesity in the overweight and obese population, and low HDL‐C in the general population were the most common components. Besides, the prevalence of Mets among males was higher than females. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that MetS among children and adolescents is undoubtedly high in HICs. The prevalence of MetS is higher among males than females. Community‐based social and behavioral change communications need to be designed to promote healthy eating behaviors and physical activities. Prospective cohort studies could also help to explore all possible risk factors of MetS and to design specific interventions accordingly.
Temperature Field Variation Law of Low Exothermic Polymer Grouting Material in Repairing Void Damage of Frozen Soil Subgrade
Authors: Zhang Bei , Wang Baolin , Zhong Yanhui , Wang Shuangjie , Li Xiaolong , Wang Shilun
Published: March 2021

In this study, the self‐developed grouting mold was used to study the heat release characteristics of different density polymer grouting material under different temperature conditions. The spatial distribution characteristics of the frozen soil subgrade temperature field under the effect of polymer grouting repair were analyzed. Further, the rules governing the temperature change of a frozen soil subgrade monitoring point under the effect of polymer grouting repair were studied. The heat transfer mechanism of polymer grouting material in frozen soil subgrade was revealed. The results showed that in the void region of the frozen soil subgrade, a discontinuity zone appeared in the temperature field distribution isotherm due to the effect of voids; this zone exhibited a layered radioactive distribution along the two sides of the void area. Furthermore, during the exothermic stage of the curing reaction, the temperature distribution isotherms changed from a layered radioactive distribution to a ring distribution that decreased from the inside to outside. During the natural cooling process, the peripheral temperature of the ring isotherm first decreased and a negative temperature ring‐shaped isotherm gradually formed. Finally, the upper boundary of the influence of the heat energy released by the curing reaction on the frozen soil subgrade temperature field was determined to be 30 cm, and the lower boundary was 20 cm.
Prognostic Exploration of All-Cause Death in Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 2076 Patients
Authors: Zheng Shuai , Yang Jin , Li Chengzhuo , Han Didi , Xu Fengshuo , Elishilia Kaaya Rahel , ShengPeng Wang , Lyu Jun
Published: March 2021

Background. We aimed to establish a prognostic model for gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) that was superior to traditional AJCC staging and to perform a comprehensive comparison of the newly established nomogram with the AJCC staging system. Methods. We extracted 2,076 patients with gingival squamous cell carcinoma who had been entered into the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database between 2004 and 2015, and randomly divided 70% of them into the training cohort and the other 30% into the validation cohort. Cox regression analysis was performed in combination with clinical experience and age, race, sex, marital status, tumor location, histological subtype, tumor grade, AJCC stage, chemotherapy status, radiotherapy status, and surgery status as possible prognostic factors. We evaluated and compared the two cohorts using the consistency index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, discriminant improvement index, and decision-curve analysis. Results. The Cox retrospective analysis showed that age, AJCC stage, tumor grade, histological subtype, radiotherapy status, and surgery status were significant factors to include in the new model of gingival squamous cell carcinoma. The other indicators were also better for the new model than for the AJCC staging system. Conclusion. We have developed and validated a nomogram for performing reliable gingival squamous cell carcinoma prognoses. The prognostic value of the nomogram is higher than that of the AJCC staging system. We expect that the inclusion of more-comprehensive and authoritative data (i.e., not just limited to residents of the United States) would also allow the construction of reliable nomograms for other populations.
The Efficacy of Plantago major Seed on Liver Enzymes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Jazayeri Seyedeh Ferdows , Ghods Roshanak , Hashem Dabaghian Fataneh , Shojaii Asie , Moravej Seyed Ali Al-Hadi , Khadem Ebrahim , Seyedian Seyed Saeed
Published: March 2021

Objective. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Plantago major (P. major) seed on liver enzymes and ultrasound patterns in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Design. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 74 patients with NAFLD were administered either 2 g P. major or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. All patients were advised to follow the recommendations for daily exercise and diet modification. Levels of liver enzymes as well as other laboratory indexes were measured at the beginning of the study and after 12 weeks. Indeed, the alteration in ultrasound grade was evaluated in NAFLD patients. Results. Sixty-three participants completed the study in the intervention and control groups. The mean age of participants was 43.3 (±8.927) and 38.7 (±8.48) years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. P. major group showed significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (47.32 ± 21.77 IU/L vs. 50.03 ± 21.19,

P

 = 0.021), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (28.29 ± 10.49 IU/L vs. 32.03 ± 13.30,

P

 = 0.004), triglyceride (TG) (200.93 ± 106.741 mg/dl vs. 183.75 ± 73.96,

P

 = 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (101.25 ± 9.27 cm vs. 101.18 ± 8.63,

P

 = 0.027), and grade of fatty liver in ultrasonography (

P

 = 0.038), comparing to the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, and other outcomes. Conclusion. P. major supplementation with a daily dose of 2 g for 12 weeks improved serum levels of ALT, AST, and TG in patients with NAFLD. Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.