bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender and Ethnicity: Life Stories of Jewish-American Immigrant Women in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Iancu Anca-Luminiţa
Published: May 2021

In the first half of the twentieth century, immigrants left oral and written testimonies of their experience in the United States, many of them housed in various ethnic-American archives or published by ethnic historical societies. In 1942, the Yiddish Scientific Institute in New York City encouraged Jewish-American immigrants to share their life stories as part of a written essay contest. In 2006, several of these autobiographical accounts were translated and published by Jocelyn Cohen and Daniel Soyer in a volume entitled My Future Is in America. Thus, this essay examines the autobiographies of two Jewish-American immigrant women, Minnie Goldstein and Rose Schoenfeld, with a view to comparing how their gendered identity (as women and as members of their families) has impacted their choices and lives in their home countries and in the United States in the first part of the twentieth century.
Inherited or Acquired in Hipertension and Cronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes Mellitus Patients?
Authors: Stoian Marilena , Dumitrache Ana Maria , Cîrciu Fivi , Stoica Victor , Radulian Gabriela
Published: May 2021

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is characterized by an elevated urinary albumin excretion rate, elevated blood pressure, and declined renal function. Approximately 30-40% of DM patients will develop DKD, which is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal failure. Genetic factors appear critical in DKD pathogenesis based upon the evidence including aggregation in families, variable incidence rates of DKD between different races, and the highly heritable nature of diabetic renal clinic and histologic changes.

Each 10 mmHg increase in mean systolic blood pressure (BP) was associated with a 15% increase in the hazard ratio for development of both micro- and macroalbuminuria and impaired kidney function defined as eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or doubling of the blood creatinine level. Broadly, a baseline systolic BP >140 mmHg in patients with DM2 has been associated with higher risk of ESRD and death.

The ACE genes may predict diabetic nephropathy in some groups, the rate of progression and the antiproteinuric response to ACE inhibitors.
Analysis of the Impact of Macroeconomic Stability on the Level of Global Competitiveness of Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Milović Nikola , Jocović Mijat , Martinović Nikola
Published: May 2021

Competitiveness, as a complex concept, can be observed in different ways, from the perspective of an individual, group, company and/or state. The subject of this paper deals with competitiveness of national economies observed through factor analysis, with a particular focus on the level of macroeconomic stability. Through the application of the Analytical-Hierarchical Process (AHP) method, special attention has been paid to the comparative ranking of Western Balkan countries. The ranking has been made in relation to macroeconomic stability and the positions of countries in the ranking of the World Economic Forum, based on the Global Competitiveness Index, for three defined periods of time. The paper identifies key factors that affect the competitiveness of Western Balkan countries. Research findings show that macroeconomic stability has a strong impact on the level of global competitiveness of national economies.
Does market competition affect all banks equally? Empirical evidence on Montenegro
Authors: Vujanović Nina , Fabris Nikola
Published: May 2021

Bank stability is an important aspect of financial stability, especially in bank-centric systems like that of Montenegro. Hence, it is important to analyse risks affecting stability of both the banking and financial system as a whole. Rising competition among banks could pose a challenge and possibly change the level of credit risk, especially if the banks are small in size. This can affect both credit risk and financial stability. Small-sized banks could be the ones to react less nimbly to a changing market structure than bigger banks with stable market shares. This study tries to answer whether competition affects credit risk in Montenegro and whether banks differing in size react differently. Panel data techniques were applied to eleven banks which account for over 90 percent of the banking sector. The results indicate that market concentration could be particularly harmful when it comes to credit risk of small-sized banks, while large-sized banks are less affected. Overall, the increasing competition may positively affect credit risk in Montenegro.
Monetary Policies and the Achievement of Bank Profit Objective
Authors: Omankhanlen Alexander Ehimare , Ilori Noah , Isibor Areghan , Okoye Lawrence Uchenna
Published: May 2021

This study examined the nexus between monetary policy and the achievement of a bank’s profit objective. There have been lots of arguments about the benefits of monetary policy implementation on deposit money bank’s operations, since the policies have been seen to impact on their performance. This study was carried out to establish the influence of variables like Liquidity Ratio, Interest and Money supply (M2), which are used as monetary policy instruments, on deposit money bank profitability objective. The study covers the period from 2002-2019. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag and Error correction model were adopted in the analysis of the data. The study revealed that there was a positive long run relationship between Liquidity Ratio and deposit money bank’s profitability; there also existed a negative long run relationship between interest rate and deposit money bank profitability; lastly, there existed a positive long run relationship between Money Supply (M2) and deposit money bank’s profitability. Based on the findings, monetary authorities should put in place measures for Liquidity ratio, interest rates and M2 implementation to aid deposit money banks operations in the achievement of their profit objective.
A study of securing in-vehicle communication using IPSEC protocol
Authors: Lastinec Jan , Hudec Ladislav
Published: May 2021

Current vehicles are increasingly dependent on Electronic Control Units (ECUs) that control virtually every system of the vehicle. To enable advanced features automotive embedded systems are opening to external world, which raises security concerns. At the same time these innovative systems require more complex software and higher bandwidth for information exchange. Thanks to its bandwidth, payload size, and openness, Ethernet is a candidate technology for future in-vehicle architectures. This paper deals with design of a novel approach to secure In-vehicle Systems by taking advantage of Ethernet/IP technology and proven security mechanisms from TCP/IP model. Main goal is to design an efficient solution that meets requirements for latency without requiring high amounts of processing power and provides secure exchange of control messages. The work is mainly focused on the widespread Controller Area Network (CAN). The presented solution is based on encapsulation of CAN frames into UDP datagrams with added authenticity, integrity, and (if required) confidentiality of communication using IPsec protocol in transport mode. This creates a “secure tunnel across backbone Ethernet network in a vehicle. Next part of the paper presents extensive tests in simulation that are based on our previous experiments on hardware, in order to evaluate the characteristics of the designed security extension. The results indicate that using IPsec is a viable solution for securing in-vehicle communications.
Shape retrieval using angle-wise contour variance
Authors: Yildirim Mustafa Eren , Ince Omer Faruk , Salman Yucel Batu , Ince Ibrahim Furkan
Published: May 2021

In this study, we propose a geometric feature set for 2D shape retrieval. Conventional Hough feature gives the edge locations along with angle and creates Hough table if there are multiple intersections at borders. In this paper, a statistical way to represent the relation of repeating contours at each angle around the shape centroid is presented. The main contribution of this paper is to use the standard deviation of repeating contours. We calculate the angle between the shape centroid and each point on the contour. For each integer angle value, three features were extracted: the number of contour repetitions, the average distance of the points at that angle to the centroid, and the standard deviation of the points at the same angle. Thus, a 2D image was represented by a constant sized matrix, regardless of its size. In the case of similarity between two images, instead of merging features within a single expression, the algorithm picked the feature with the highest similarity rate for that comparison. We tested the proposed method on MPEG-7, Kimia99, ETH-80 datasets for a benchmark with the state-of-the-art. It outperformed most of the recent methods in terms of retrieval rate.
Design and verification of a low-power AC/DC converter
Authors: Potočný Miroslav , Stopjaková Viera , Kováč Martin
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with the development and experimental verification of a low-power AC/DC converter. The proposed solution is aimed at the sub 0.5 W output power domain, commonly encountered in applications such as always-on wireless sensing nodes. To implement the proposed converter topology, a prototype application specific integrated circuit was designed and manufactured in a high voltage 0.35 µm CMOS technology, able to handle the maximum voltage of up to 120 V. The proposed design was first analyzed by transistor-level simulations showing high power efficiency and low no-load consumption of the developed converter. To facilitate experimental verification and measurement, an printed circuit board with the necessary external components was developed, as the available technology is unable to handle the AC line voltage directly. While the developed converter operated well with decreased input AC voltage, reliability issues arose during operation with the full AC line voltage of 230 Vrms. These are linked to digital control circuitry of the implemented chip and could be addressed in the second manufacturing run in the future.
Estimation of the surface user distribution influence on the interference from adjacent cells in CDMA network
Authors: Mitić Dragan , Lebl Aleksandar , Markov Žarko
Published: May 2021

In this paper we consider the network of mobile users where CDMA technique is used in cells. The dependence of disturbances/interference in the uplink direction as a result of surface user distribution in the neighbouring cells is determined. Three user distribution types are considered: the uniform one, decreasing from the cell centre to the rim and the increasing one. The interference calculation is performed using mean values of user distance from the cell centre. It is proved in the paper that interference caused by decreasingly and increasingly distributed users may differ from the interference caused by the cell with uniform user distribution by not more than ±75%.
Role of earth-abundant selenium in different types of solar cells
Authors: Dey Tania
Published: May 2021

This mini review covers a brief overview of three generations of solar cells, definition of major photovoltaic (PV) parameters, mechanisms, advantages and limitations of different types of solar cells such as multijunction, thin film, quantum dot, dye sensitized and perovskite solar cells, and what role the earth abundant selenium can play in each type of solar cells, followed by a comparative study of the benefits and challenges that selenium can offer in terms of PV properties, as well as the major players and cost analysis in this arena. As far as PV properties are concerned, BaZr(S0.6Se0.4)3 distorted chalcogenide perovskite solar cell can possibly lead the future, the next best ones being AlGaInP multijunction solar cell with Se emitter dopant and Se electrolyte additive in Zn-Cu-In-Se QD-sensitized solar cell. Cost-wise perovskite cell holds a lot of promise, but the efficacy of selenium needs to be explored further.
Puppets – In Times Of Peace And War
Authors: Ciobotaru Anca Doina
Published: May 2021

Usually, social crises are associated to socio-political systems, regardless of their intensity. This premise might lead to the following question: what is it that can cause a connection between puppets and such a context? This question was raised by a series of researchers and it determined them to search, find out and interpret.

Even a mere scan through the history of animation theatre1 leads to the observation that situations of crisis generate reactions/answers, in terms of performance, that can be subject to: the wish to convey a message (that has the power to influence), an artistic movement – structured as a form of answer, a current of thought – with or without political influences. Boundaries between these are purely theoretical, as the interferences are an indisputable reality. I shall only bring forth several examples, which I consider significant for the three dimensions of the proposed hypothesis that are to be analysed, as it is clear that an exhaustive list of examples would be an almost impossible task; the ephemerality of theatre makes its history hard to trace. Beyond dates, technical systems, puppeteers’ titles and names, whose journeys stand under the sign of relativity, there is a constant: the puppeteers’ presence changes perspectives. It is this aspect which I want to draw attention to, marking the possible development of a future, more ample research.
The Game of Love and Chance or the Survival ofMarivaudageduring the Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Petraru Ana-Magdalena
Published: May 2021

In this article we propose an interpretation-review of the performance of an immortal work, through its classicism and eternal modern character,The Game of Love and Chanceand we begin with the introduction of what has gone down in history asmarivaudageand considerations on the author and his work (in translation). Staged in a pandemic context and adapted accordingly, sincere love, prejudices and barriers given by social class differences in the love travesty are preserved, and the philologist and the amateur spectator alike retain the wonderful love comedy with psychological insights.
Lyric Theatre – between #rezist and #exist
Authors: Bogdan Stanca Maria
Published: May 2021

In general, the arts and, in particular, the performing arts are proving to be both affected and sensitive, reactive to societal convulsions, regardless of their nature. Performance institutions are dependent not only on the audience they have created, but, above all, on the funding through which they can shape and convey their artistic message. Overall, crisis situations are associated with a negative context, expressing a stage marked by great difficulties (financial, economic, political) that impact all areas with a domino effect. In such situations, cultural institutions, particularly those in the performances arts0 and especially lyric theaters become one of the predilect victims to suffer from the rationalization of resources, being considered inessential, the perfect sacrificial pawn. But, at the pinnacle of a crisis, cultural performances, drawing from the creator-artist relation, commit to become a coagulating, driving, regenerating social factor, like a Phoenix rising from its ashes. A great such example is Ciprian Porumbescu’s operetta, „Crai Nou”, which held great significance for the Romanian identity when it was first released to the public.
Performing Arts and Society’s Major Crisis
Authors: Vladu Bogdan Petre
Published: May 2021

Moments of major crisis in a society subdued by economic and identity interests. Shutting down the performing arts with the intention of subjugating the community by eliminating forms of psychological resilience in moments of crisis? Is the medical crisis an engine of economic capture at the expense of maintaining the mental health of the population? Does political correctness have the power to change perceptions of immediate reality? Can we look back to the immediate past in an attempt to untie the Gordian knot that suffocates theatre in this period of inquisitorial valence in an attempt to save the aesthetic approach?
Clinical phenotypes of childhood food allergies based on immune mechanisms: A multicenter study
Authors: Bingol Aysen , Uygun Dilara Fatma Kocacik , Akdemir Meltem , Erengin Hakan , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Sackesen Cansin , Bingol Gulbin , Orhan Fazil , Sekerel Bulent Enis , Arikoglu Tugba , Altintas Derya Ufuk , the Group of Food Allergy Clinical Investigat
Published: May 2021

Background: Food allergies (FA) are an important public health concern that place a major burden on the lives of children and their families. The complex pathogenesis of FAs results in multisystemic and heterogenous clinical presentations. Objective: To
evaluate, according to immune mechanisms, the characteristics and risk factors of childhood FA in Turkey. Methods: This descriptive multicenter study included 1248 children with FA, aged < 18 years,, who were evaluated by pediatric allergists in 26 different centers.
Results: Immune mechanisms of FA were immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated in 71.8%, non‐IgE mediated in 15.5%, and mixed IgE/non‐IgE mediated in 12.7% of the patients. An episode of anaphylaxis had occurred in 17.6% of IgE-mediated FA. The most common food allergens
were classified into five categories (in order of decreasing frequency): cow's milk, egg, tree nuts and/or peanut, wheat, and seafood. Allergies to cow's milk and egg declined significantly with age, whereas tree nuts and/or peanut allergies increased with age. The 0‐2 year age group
accounted for 62.5% of the cases. The most frequent cause of FA and food anaphylaxis was cow's milk before age 13 years and tree nuts and/or peanut during adolescence (ages 13‐18 years). Compared with other phenotypes, male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.486; p = 0.032), sibling(s) (OR 1.581;
p = 0.021), and maternal atopy (OR 1.531; p = 0.045) increased the likelihood of IgE-mediated FA, whereas high household income (OR 1.862; p = 0.026) increased the likelihood of non‐IgE-mediated FA in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: This study showed
that the clinical findings of FA were highly variable, depending on age and underlying immune mechanism. Knowing the population characteristics will enable better management of FA in children.
Short-term prophylaxis for children and adolescents with hereditary angioedema
Authors: Ajewole Oyindamola , Lanlokun Mosopefoluwa , Dimanche Stevenson , Craig Timothy
Published: May 2021

Background:Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare, autosomal dominant, life threatening disease, secondary to the deficiency of C1-inhibitor, dysfunction of C1-inhibitor or inadequate control of the contact pathway. Presentation includes recurrent swelling of the skin, upper airway and the abdomen. Trauma can precipitate attacks, which in the airway can lead to asphyxia. For this reason, short term prophylaxis (STP) may be indicated before medical, surgical and dental procedures. The goal of the manuscript is to review short term prophylaxis for children of all ages.Methods:We searched the following search words: children, pediatric, adolescent, plasma derived C1-inhibitor, recombinant C1-inhibitor, surgery, medical procedures, prophylaxis, dental, Hereditary Angioedema, tranexamic acid, androgens, fresh frozen plasma, short term prophylaxis, lanadelumab, subcutaneous C1-inhibitor in Google Scholar and in PubMed to develop our results.Results:STP should be discussed at every visit. Plans should be individualized based upon the procedure, therapies available and shared decision making with patient/parent. For high risk procedures plasma derived C1-inhibitor should be used at 20 units/kg just prior to the procedure. Alternative agents for STP include recombinant C1-inhibitor, fresh frozen plasma, androgens, or tranexamic acid. In all cases, with or without the use of STP, 2 doses of on-demand therapy should be available in case of an attack.Conclusion:Herein, we review the published data on STP for pediatric patients with HAE and discuss first-line options, and off label use of medications, as well as review the guidelines pertaining to short term prophylaxis.
The influence of sea breeze on mold spore dispersion
Authors: Bielory Leonard , Bowers Louis , Marcus Rivka , Dunk Rich
Published: May 2021

Background: Many allergists consider the ocean breeze to be free of allergens and recommend visits to the coast for relief; however, the coast may perpetuate an allergenic environment. Objective: This study investigated the sea breeze's impact on spore
dispersion between coastal and inland sites, and the potential implications of sea breeze on human health and coastal resources. Methods: Spore sampling occurred during 2006 by using pollen samplers. Samplers were located at the Rutgers University Institute of Marine and
Coastal Sciences Marine Field Station and the Rutgers University Pinelands Field Station. Statistical analysis was performed on the spore data to compare concentrations from the various locations. The effect of sea breeze circulation on particulate matter was analyzed from meteorological data
collected in 2006. Sea breeze data were collected from simulations, Doppler radar, and meteorological towers at varying heights. Results: There was no significant difference between the total spore concentration at the New Jersey coast and the New Jersey Pinelands canopy.
Conclusion: Sea breeze has been shown to favor aerobiologic transfers from coastal seawater to land, but the immediate environment (floor) still remains a primary determinant of affecting an individual's allergic airway disease. Results of some studies have shown that coastal
environments may favor the onset allergic airway, but in our study this seemed to be equivalent to the floor (or immediate locale) of an individual affected with allergy. However, the sea breeze effect seemed to have the ability to impact allergic airway disease (AAD) populations not only
living along the coasts but of those living up to 130 km inland and potentially those living in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Mast cell activation syndrome: Myths and realities
Authors: Zhang Simin , Bernstein Jonathan A.
Published: May 2021

Background:Mast cells (MCs) have been implicated in a spectrum of allergic, immunologic, and infectious inflammatory conditions that involve different organ systems. MC activation can occur through several different surface receptors other than the well known IgE mediated pathway.Methods:We use two representative case reports from our practice to summarize what is currently known about MCAS disorders (reality) so that the clinician can more easily differentiate these conditions from other complex unexplained conditions that are being associated with MC activation (myth).Results:Many complex MC-related conditions, such as clonal MC diseases, have been well characterized but other MC-related disorders, such as MC activation syndrome (MCAS) and idiopathic anaphylaxis, still remain poorly defined. The current consensus recommendations for a diagnosis of MCAS require clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis that correlate with elevation of a MC activation biomarker(s), which improves with H1-antihistamines.Conclusion:Clinical symptoms of MCAS can overlap with other conditions, including neurogenic disorders, e.g., dysautonomia, which necessitate the importance for the clinician to render an accurate diagnosis so that appropriate treatment is provided.
Association between elevated serum triglycerides and asthma in patients with obesity: An explorative study
Authors: van Zelst Cathelijne M. , de Boer Geertje M. , Türk Yasemin , van Huisstede Astrid , In't Veen Johannes C. C. M. , Birnie Erwin , Boxma- de Klerk Bianca M. , Tramper- Stranders Gerdien A. , Braunstahl Gert-Jan
Published: May 2021

Background: Adults with a high body mass index (BMI) have an increased risk of developing asthma. To explore the impact of increased lipids on the presence of asthma, this study investigated the relationship between lipid levels and inflammatory markers in patients with asthma
and controls with obesity. Objective: We hypothesized that higher lipid levels are more prevalent in patients with obesity and asthma. Methods: In this explorative cohort study, 96 patients with asthma and 45 controls were included. All the patients
participated in one of three asthma studies; two of these studies included only patients with obesity. An asthma diagnosis was defined by the presence of typical clinical symptoms, reversible airway obstruction (+12% improvement in forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration
after bronchodilator), or bronchial hyperreactivity (Histamine PC20 < 8 mg/mL), or a fractional exhaled nitric oxide of > 50 ppb. We compared lipid levels and neutrophils and eosinophils in patients with asthma and the controls with a wide BMI range (17.8‐63.8 kg/m2).
Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Serum triglycerides were statistically significantly higher in patients with obesity and asthma adjusted for BMI, blood eosinophils, and statin use (odds ratio [OR] 2.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.34‐4.88];
p = 0.004). Inclusion or exclusion of those who used long-acting β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids led to comparable adjusted ORs for blood triglyceride and blood eosinophils levels. Conclusion: Elevated serum triglycerides were associated with the presence of
asthma in patients with obesity. This indicated that elevated triglycerides might be a yet unrecognized trait that contributed to the development of asthma. The precise cause and effect of these high triglyceride levels in the patients with asthma and with obesity were not determined in this
study.Clinical trial Trial registration NCT03278561, www.clinicaltrials.gov; NL4262, NL3056, trialregister.nl
Paralytic strabismus: clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment
Authors:   The Novosibirsk branch of the S.N. Fyodorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Plisov I.L. , Chernykh V.V. ,   The Novosibirsk branch of the S.N. Fyodorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery»
Published: May 2021

В монографии представлена комплексная система лечения и реабилитации пациентов с паралитическим косоглазием, включающая призматическую коррекцию, ортопто-диплоптическое лечение, хемоденервацию экстраокулярных мышц и хирургическое лечение. Предложен алгоритм определения оптимальной тактики и выбора наиболее эффективного метода хирургической коррекции паралитического косоглазия, основанный на должной оценке функционального состояния глазодвигательной системы, достигнутого после проведения консервативных методов лечения. Монография представляет интерес для специалистов, работающих в области патологии глазодвигательной системы.
LABOR LABELING AS AN ELEMENT TO IMPROVE ITS EFFECTIVENESS ON BUSINESS
Authors:   University of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Tkachenko Volodymyr
Published: May 2021

The article summarizes the theoretical provisions on labor rationing and considers the economic essence and methods of labor rationing. The list of key features of labor rationing is substantiated, on the basis of which, along with the analysis of approaches to the interpretation of the essence of labor rationing as an element of increasing its efficiency in the enterprise. As a result of the study, the functions of labor rationing at three economic levels are substantiated: macro (state levels), meso ( industry levels) and micro (business entity levels). The article presents the results obtained on the basis of a study of working conditions and its organization, as well as the implementation of labor rationing at specific enterprises. The analysis of the study showed that after the implementation of the developed labor standards, the number of employees, organizational structures and rates for wages decreased labor costs and material costs, as well as increased productivity at the surveyed enterprises. The content and sequence of stages of determining the actual standards of labor costs have been improved. Here are five key steps you can take to begin the process of preparation for mediation. The article considers the problem of imperfection of the legislative act regulating labor rationing, as well as the problem of labor rationing as part of enterprise management. The problem of the fact that enterprises do not review norms and standards in time is highlighted, which is a mistake. After all, it is the norms and standards that are established in the process of labor rationing are the basis for achieving the optimal relationship between the measure of labor and its payment. Because companies do not change the rules in time, there is a wrong wage. To solve this problem, the works of scientists working in this direction were considered, researched, as well as the types of norms and standards, demonstrated the importance of their timely revision. The study concluded that changes in norms and standards in enterprises will not be effective without appropriate changes at the sectoral level, and therefore proposed methods to improve norms and standards, both at the micro and macro levels in the current conditions of economic uncertainty.
THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bochko Olena , Rosola Uliana ,   Mukachevo State University
Published: May 2021

The article considers the problems of the agricultural sector in 2020-2021 and the main reasons for their occurrence. The strategic nature of the agricultural sector as a whole for the economy of Ukraine has been established. The article highlighted the main problems faced by farmers during the pandemic. The main negative consequences for the economy of Ukraine are revealed. Naturally, the impact of the global pandemic affects agricultural producers in different ways. First of all, it depends on the size of the enterprise, the volume of production, the territorial location of the enterprise, the levels of distribution of products, as well as the level of support from the state. According to statistics, it is investigated that the total amount of investment decreased by almost three times. In the agricultural sector, this figure has decreased by almost 2 times. It is investigated that the production of durable goods fell. In addition, the demand for food products as basic necessities is relatively constant, so even changes in income or trade restrictions do not drastically affect sales. The necessity of state support in the agricultural sector is substantiated. For stable and dynamic development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine it is necessary to support active cooperation between the state and business, which will help to more actively attract foreign investment. The article notes that the pandemic has increased the demand for local producers and farmers' products purchased from them via Internet platforms. The purchase of domestic goods in general leads to the preservation and creation of new jobs, increased tax revenues to the state budget and local budgets, attracting funds for investment, as well as the development of domestic enterprises and farms.
MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE ENTERPRISES OF AGRI-FOOD MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Diachkov Dmytro , Horbatiuk Liudmyla ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Mamchych Ihor ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy
Published: May 2021

The main tendencies of development of the Ukrainian beer market are considered in the article. In particular, the most powerful brewery in Poltava region - PJSC «Firm «Poltavpivo» was singled out and the main types of its activity were substantiated: production of beer, soft drinks, kvass (sold only in summer), mineral waters and other waters, retail sale of beverages in specialized stores. The volumes of sales of the company's products during 2017- 2019 and the main privileges are studied: affordable prices, high quality products and a wide range: 10 types of beer, 14 types of soft drinks and bread kvass. The main competitors of the company have been identified, namely such manufacturers as: «AV InVev Ukraine» (its trademarks («Chernihivske», «Rogan», «Yantar», «Rogan», «Staropramen», «Bud»), «Carlsberg Ukraine» (Trademarks «Lvivske», «Baltika»), «Obolon» (trademarks «Obolon», «Nike», «BeerMix»), Alliance «Efes and SABMiller» (trademarks Sarmat, «Zhiguli», «Good Shubin»), Alliance PPB and Oasis CIS» (TM «First Private Brewery», «Galician Crown», «Zhiguli and Barne», «Transcarpathian», Stare Misto). The main factors influencing the effective development of the brewing industry are identified: ban on advertising of beer products, purchasing power of the population, seasonality of production, introduction of licensing for trade in beer drinks, rising raw material prices, the state of the economy. The main prospects for the development of the industry are outlined: strengthening communication activities through active advertising policy, new outlets, development of the craft beer market segment, introduction of new resource- and energy-saving technologies in production, which will reduce the cost of finished beer and expand the product portfolio.
Obesity and Classification Grades Analyzed in Pregnant Women at the High-Risk Prenatal Clinic: What is their Importance?
Authors:   Integrated Group of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Brazil, PR Oliveira , TRC Silva ,   Integrated Group of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Brazil, ML Batista ,   Integrated Group of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Brazil, AB Oliveira ,   Santa Casa de Misericordia of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Published: May 2021

Objective: Obesity is a frequent disease in pregnancy; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms that associate maternal obesity with unfavorable obstetric events during prenatal care, delivery and postpartum are not known, and therefore, adequate studies are lacking. Methods: Documentary and exploratory study was carried out with data obtained during consultation from 370 medical charts of patients seen at the high-risk prenatal outpatient clinic in a primary care unit, a reference center for six other units, in the city of Barueri, Sao Paulo, Brazil. In prenatal care, the guidelines of the Stork Network Program (Programa Rede Cegonha) of the Ministry of Health were used and include a pregnancy risk and obesity stratification system for pregnant women. Results: It was observed that 65% of the pregnant women were between 20 and 34 years old, 48.9% were white; most were in their first pregnancy. The mean gestational age at birth was 37.9 weeks. At the beginning of gestation, the women weighed an average of 71.2 kilograms, with a height of 159 cm and Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27.9 kg/m2. BMI with overweight or obesity prepregnancy had a lower risk of having a low-birth-weight NB (62% and 69%, respectively) when compared to pregnant women of adequate weight. Cesarean delivery prevailed, and among women with morbid obesity, the cesarean section rate was 90%. Conclusion: Epidemiological knowledge of this population is important for proposing policies to control chronic diseases that may affect pregnancy and to adjust the risk stratification according to the local reality.
Vaginal pH Measurement as a Strategy for the Early Diagnosis of Vulvovaginal Atrophy in the Development of Menopause
Authors:   Santa Casa de Misericórdia of São Paulo, Brazil, TRC Silva , PR Oliveira ,   Santa Casa de Misericórdia of São Paulo, Brazil, ML Batista ,   Santa Casa de Misericórdia of São Paulo, Brazil, AB Oliveira ,   Santa Casa de Misericórdia of São Paulo, Brazil
Published: May 2021

Objective: Most studies use clinical examination and evaluation of symptoms as subjective forms for the diagnosis of vaginal atrophy. Vaginal hormonal cytology and vaginal pH are objective forms commonly used, however, mainly for treatment control purposes. Despite the relevance of the early diagnosis of vaginal atrophy, we are not aware of studies that objectively or subjectively evaluate the evolution of the parameters with this intention. The aim of the study was to assess if the instruments most used in scientific studies for indication and follow-up of AVV therapy could be used for the early diagnosis of AVV. Methods: The sample consisted of 40 women, 21 in the menopausal/ premenopausal transition (Group 1) and 19 in the postmenopausal (Group 2), between 40 and 65 years old. Results: It was observed that the set of parameters evaluated, such as: symptoms, clinical examination, vaginal pH, cell maturation value and questionnaire, mainly when used in an associated way, suggest being efficient for the diagnosis of AVV. In general, the observed changes in pH measurement show a good association with cell cytology, which was very characteristic in the two experimental groups (pre and postmenopausal). In addition, pH also showed good association with clinical examination parameters and the main symptoms and signs of menopause. Conclusion: Finally, the results herein shown seems to be promising in relation to the use of vaginal pH measurement as a “tool” for the early diagnosis of AVV.
Magnetic Seed Localisation for Non-Palpable Breast Lesions: A Comparison with Hooked-Wire
Authors:   Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, A Dehaene , A Smeets ,   Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, H Vos ,   Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, C Van Ongeval ,   Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, P Neven ,   Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, A Laenen ,   Department of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, L Schops ,   Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, Noorderhart Maria Ziekenhuis Pelt, Belgium, R Prevos ,   Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, T Thywissen ,   Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, M Keupers ,   Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, I Nevelsteen ,   Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Screening programs and improved imaging result in higher frequency of non-palpable breast lesions, requiring preoperative localisation. Several localisation methods have been developed, with Magseed® among the more recent techniques. This observational study registered safety, effectiveness and surgeon satisfaction of Magseed® localisation. Data were compared with hooked-wire procedure. Methods: Data regarding safety, effectiveness and surgeon satisfaction of 100 patients who underwent Magseed® localisation were prospectively collected between September 2018 and April 2019, and compared with retrospectively collected data of 91 patients who underwent hooked-wire localisation between March 2018 and September 2018. Results: In total, 103 seeds and 102 wires were included. All magnetic seeds were placed under ultrasound guidance, with a median of two days preoperative. Complication rate did not significantly differ between Magseed® and hooked-wire (2.97% vs. 2.13%; p = 1.000). 94.06% of the seeds were detected with Sentimag®, with a retrieval rate of 100%. Positive margin rate was lower for Magseed®, although not significant (4.76% vs. 10.39%; p = 0.233). Due to positive margins, 1 additional mastectomy was performed, in contrast with 3 mastectomies and 1 additional re-excision in the hooked-wire group. Surgeons scored 81% of the Magseed® procedures as ’easier than hookedwire’. Conclusion: Rate of positive margins and re-excision/mastectomy showed a tendency to be lower with Magseed® localisation compared to hooked-wire localisation. Complication rate was equal. Moreover, high surgeon satisfaction and logistical advantages designate Magseed® as preferable over hooked-wire.
Chronic Pain has become a Chronic Problem in Norway. What are we doing Wrong? A Report from a Norwegian Pain Clinic
Authors:   Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway The Arctic University of Norway, National Research Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Norway, J Hervik , T Stub ,   Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway The Arctic University of Norway, National Research Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Norway
Published: May 2021

hronic pain occurs in around 20% of European adults [1], affecting 100 million people. In Norway 30% of the population suffer from chronic pain [2]. Reasons for why Norwegians have such a high incidence of chronic pain is not known. Chronic pain has been associated with socio-economic deprivation [3]. However, the World Bank has declared Norway the richest country in the world [4]. All residents are covered by the National Insurance Scheme. Private medical insurance is limited and most hospitals are public. Outpatient care and medicines used in chronic diseases are usually heavily subsidized or free. Is it possible that these support systems and the provision of sick pay paradoxically reduce motivation in individuals to increase levels of activity, and reduce the use of medication, thereby delaying a return to work?
Quantum Chemistry for Molecules at Extreme Pressure on Graphical Processing Units: Implementation of Extreme Pressure Polarizable Continuum Model
Authors: Gale Ariel , Hruska Eugen , Liu Fang
Published: May 2021

Pressure plays essential roles in chemistry by altering structures and controlling chemical reactions. The extreme-pressure polarizable continuum model (XP-PCM) is an emerging method with an efficient quantum mechanical description of small and medium-size molecules at high pressure (on the order of GPa). However, its application to large molecular systems was previously hampered by CPU computation bottleneck: the Pauli repulsion potential unique to XP-PCM requires the evaluation of a large number of electric field integrals, resulting in significant computational overhead compared to the gas-phase or standard-pressure polarizable continuum model calculations. Here, we exploit advances in Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) to accelerate the XP-PCM integral evaluations. This enables high-pressure quantum chemistry simulation of proteins that used to be computationally intractable. We benchmarked the performance using 18 small proteins in aqueous solutions. Using a single GPU, our method evaluates the XP-PCM free energy of a protein with over 500 atoms and 4000 basis functions within half an hour. The time taken by the XP-PCM-integral evaluation is typically 1\% of the time taken for a gas-phase density functional theory (DFT) on the same system. The overall XP-PCM calculations require less computational effort than that for their gas-phase counterpart due to the improved convergence of self-consistent field iterations. Therefore, the description of the high-pressure effects with our GPU accelerated XP-PCM is feasible for any molecule tractable for gas-phase DFT calculation. We have also validated the accuracy of our method on small molecules whose properties under high pressure are known from experiments or previous theoretical studies.
Sleeping under Trees at Night is not Healthful; Sleeping during the Day is Healthful – Forming CO (CO2) and their Dissociation
Authors: Ali Mubarak
Published: May 2021

A carbon atom keeps a non-preserved behavior because of converting into another state. This character makes it adjacently coincide with oxygen atom when it is in the gaseous state. A field variation develops for the day and night. On having the suitable interaction of photons with leaves in daytime, pieces of arc-shaped energy are made. To get the ground surface, the pieces of arc-shaped energy become empty due to the highest value of gravity at ground level. On sunset, empty pieces of arc-shaped energy fill with the force having the levitating nature, so they start flying to gather under the tree roof. Such filled force pieces develop the affinity in adjacently coinciding atoms of gaseous carbon and oxygen. At certain behavior of force, the downward ends of filled force pieces enter into the suitable unfilled states of gaseous atoms adhering the binding of C - O or O - C - O. So, a large number of CO and CO2 molecules develops under the tree roof, which is not good for breathing during the night. In the morning, an arc-shaped energy breaks the affinity in CO and CO2 molecules by giving back the filled force. As a result, the molecules dissociate into the atoms. To get the ground surface, the dissociated gaseous carbon atoms converted into graphitic carbon before noon. So, the oxygen concentration during sunshine increases under the tree roof thereby improving the breathing level of the one resting in the shadow. So, COVID-19 patients can take advantage of the raised level of oxygen. But, it is not useful to rest under the tree roofs at night. How the plantation of trees can be essential for a sustainable environment helps build remarkable procedures and is being discussed here.
Data-Driven Catalyst Optimization for Stereodivergent Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Allyl Carboxylic Acids by Iridium/boron Hybrid Catalysis
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Yamaguchi Shigeru , Morita Yuya , Nakao Hiroyasu , Zhai Xiangning , Shimizu Yohei , Mitsunuma Harunobu , Kanai Motomu
Published: May 2021

Asymmetric catalysis enabling divergent control of multiple stereocenters remains challenging in synthetic organic chemistry. While machine learning-based optimization of molecular catalysis is an emerging approach, data-driven catalyst design to achieve stereodivergent asymmetric synthesis producing multiple reaction outcomes, such as constitutional selectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity, is unprecedented. Here, we report the straightforward identification of asymmetric two-component iridium/boron hybrid catalyst systems for α-C-allylation of carboxylic acids. Structural optimization of the chiral ligands for iridium catalysts was driven by molecular field-based regression analysis with a dataset containing overall 32 molecular structures. The catalyst systems enabled selective access to all the possible isomers of chiral carboxylic acids bearing contiguous stereocenters. This stereodivergent asymmetric catalysis is applicable to late-stage structural modifications of drugs and their derivatives.