bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Factorial-Clustered Copula Covariate Analysis for Interaction Effects of Multiple Climate Factors on Vegetation Cover in China
Authors: Wang Feng , Wei Yiting , Duan Ruixin , Zhang Jiannan , Zhou Xiong
Published: February 2025

Vegetation is a vital component of ecosystems and an indicator of global environmental change. It is significantly influenced by climate factors. Previous studies have often overlooked the nonlinear relationships, spatiotemporal variability, and interaction effects of climate factors on vegetation, focusing instead on simplistic trends or regional classifications based on vegetation type, climate zone, or ecosystem. In this study, a factorial-clustered copula covariate analysis model was developed to investigate the effects of climate factors on vegetation cover (NDVI) in China from 2000 to 2023. The results showed that temperature had the strongest correlation with NDVI (0.66), followed by precipitation and solar radiation (both 0.46), and soil moisture (0.14). The NDVI exhibited significant spatial variability, with low values (<0.1) in 17.6% and high values (>0.8) in 12.7% of the areas. Regional variations were observed: precipitation-dominated NDVI changes in arid regions (Cluster 1, 43%), solar radiation in tropical areas (Clusters 4 and 5, >79%), and soil moisture in humid zones (Cluster 2, 29%). Interaction effects, such as Pre:Temp and Pre:Temp:SM, further influenced NDVI dynamics. Joint probability analysis revealed diverse dependency patterns across clusters, highlighting the complex interplay between climatic and non-climatic factors. These findings emphasize the need for tailored management strategies to address region-specific vegetation dynamics under changing climatic conditions.
Barista-Quality Plant-Based Milk for Coffee: A Comprehensive Review of Sensory and Physicochemical Characteristics
Authors: Gupta Akansha , Keast Russell , Liem Djin Gie , Jadhav Snehal R. , Mahato Dipendra Kumar , Gamlath Shirani
Published: February 2025

The demand for plant-based milk alternatives (PMAs) has grown rapidly in recent years, driven by health-conscious choices, environmental sustainability, ethical considerations, and environmental concerns. Among these, “barista-quality” PMAs play a critical role in coffee applications. However, achieving the desired sensory attributes (flavour and mouthfeel) and physicochemical properties (texture, foam formation, and stability) of PMAs to closely resemble dairy milk in coffee remains a significant challenge. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the sensory and physicochemical characteristics of PMAs, with a particular focus on their performance in hot coffee beverages such as cappuccinos and lattes. It examines the fundamental issues and factors influencing the compatibility of PMAs in hot coffee, including flavour, texture, foam formation and stability, and consumer acceptance. Furthermore, this review explores potential strategies to address these sensory and physicochemical challenges, offering valuable insights into opportunities for innovation and product development. The aim is to guide the optimization of next-generation “barista-quality” PMAs with improved sensory and functional properties.
Metabolites Discovery from Streptomyces xanthus: Exploring the Potential of Desert Microorganisms
Authors: Luo Xinrong , Liu Zhanwen , Xia Zhanfeng , Luo Xiaoxia , Zhang Juan , Chen Ailiang , Wang Haoxin , Wan Chuanxing , Zhang Lili
Published: February 2025

The Taklamakan Desert is an extreme environment supporting a unique and diverse microbial community with significant potential for exploration. Strain TRM70308T, isolated from desert soil, shares 98.43% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces alkaliterrae OF1T. Polyphasic taxonomy confirmed TRM70308T as a novel species, named Streptomyces xanthus. Genomic analysis revealed that only one of the strain’s 25 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) formed a cluster of gene families (CGFs) within the MIBiG database, emphasizing its genomics uniqueness. LC-MS/MS and Feature-Based Molecular Networking (FBMN) identified 33 metabolites across various categories, including alkaloids, saponins, benzoic acids, and benzofurans, most of which remain uncharacterized. Further chemical investigation led to the isolation of one novel compound, aconicarpyrazine C, and four known compounds: thiolutin, dibutyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and N-acetyltryptamine. Thiolutin exhibited strong activity against five local fungal pathogens that cause plant diseases, with a production yield of 270 mg/L. These results establish a foundation for pilot-scale thiolutin production and its potential development as an antifungal agent for agricultural applications. Our findings highlight deserts as a valuable source of novel actinomycetes and bioactive natural products with immense potential for future research and development.
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Telomeric Analysis in Somatic Organs of Reproductive and Non-Reproductive Castes of Termite Reticulitermes chinensis
Authors: Haroon  , Khan Zahid , Javaid Wasim , Xing Lian-Xi
Published: February 2025

The study of Reticulitermes chinensis offers valuable insights into insect aging and longevity, focusing on telomere biology and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Telomeres, the protective cap at chromosome ends, are often linked to cellular aging and lifespan. Through transcriptomic analysis using the RepeatExplorer tool, a total of 10,740 SSR loci were identified, encompassing di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide motifs. Among these, tri-nucleotide repeats were the most prevalent (2702), with prominent motifs including AC/GT (21.91%), AAG/CTT (8.49%), and AGC/CTG (8.2%). The identified SSRs serve as valuable genetic markers for taxonomy, phylogenetic, and population genetics. A telomeric sequence array featuring the TTAGG repeat motif was also discovered, with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirming its localization at chromosome ends. Telomere lengths R. chinensis ranged from tens to hundreds of kilobases but showed no significant correlation with lifespan differences among termite castes. All castes had the same telomere length. This finding suggests that R. chinensis may possess a unique telomere maintenance mechanism, decoupling telomere length from aging and challenging the conventional view that shorter telomeres are indicative aging. It is hypothesized that telomerase activity plays a critical role in preserving telomere integrity in this species. These findings underscore the complexity and evolutionary adaptations of telomere biology in social insects. Moreover, the variation and organization of SSRs in R. chinensis provide a rich genetic resource for genome mapping, evolutionary research, and population genetics. This study sheds light on telomere dynamics and genetic diversity in termites, opening new pathways for research in evolutionary biology and the molecular mechanisms of aging.
Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Erdene Enkhtaivan , Munkhjargal Odonchimeg , Batnasan Galindev , Dorjbal Enkhjargal , Oidov Baatarkhuu , Byambaa Ariunsanaa
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. This study evaluated the efficacy of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin against MRSA using phospholipids extracted from egg yolk. Liposomes were prepared via the freeze–thaw method, yielding vesicles with an average diameter of 157.01 ± 33.04 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.0442, indicating uniformity and stability. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the microdilution method. Liposome-encapsulated vancomycin demonstrated complete bacterial growth inhibition (100%) against MRSA ATCC 2758 at dilutions of 101 and 102, compared to only 50% inhibition by free vancomycin at 101. At higher dilutions (103), liposome-encapsulated vancomycin maintained 70% inhibition, whereas free vancomycin was ineffective. In vivo studies using a murine wound infection model revealed that wounds treated with liposome-encapsulated vancomycin achieved superior healing, with complete tissue regeneration observed by day 14. Histological analysis showed reduced inflammation and enhanced tissue recovery in liposome-encapsulated vancomycin-treated groups, compared to fibrosis and persistent necrosis in free vancomycin-treated groups. By enabling sustained drug release and improved bioavailability, liposomal formulations minimized required dosages and systemic toxicity, reducing the risk of resistance development. This study highlights the clinical potential of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin as a scalable, cost-effective treatment for MRSA, particularly in resource-limited settings.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Negative Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Golli Andreea Loredana , Popa Simona Georgiana , Ghenea Alice Elena , Turcu Flavia Liliana
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: In this research, we aimed to analyze the trend of the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Gram-negative isolated in blood samples collected from patients with severe invasive infections hospitalized in the intensive care unit in selected periods during and after COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective study of bacterial pathogens was performed on 481 patients admitted to the ICU between 2020 and 2023. The resistance patterns were analyzed using the Vitek 2 Compact system. Results. A total of 686 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained. The most frequently detected Gram-negative pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (30.91%), Acinetobacter spp. (24.64%), and Escherichia coli (18.95%). Almost 50% of all the pathogens were multidrug-resistant, with a statistically significant increase post-pandemic (p < 0.05). Post-pandemic, the study highlighted a significantly higher percentage of the Klebsiella strains (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in the antibiotic resistance rate against colistin (p < 0.001) and tigecycline (p = 0.005). A very high percentage of MDR Acinetobacter spp. isolates was found, with a significant increase in the antibiotic resistance rate against colistin (p < 0.001). A significantly lower resistance was recorded for the Escherichia coli strains in the case of ceftazidime (p = 0.03) and aminoglycosides (gentamicin—p = 0.01, amikacin—p < 0.001). An increase in the percentage of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Enterobacter spp. strains was observed, and a significant decrease in the in the case of Proteus spp. (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings revealed a statistically significant increase in the resistance rate to last-line antibiotics and in the percentage of MDR Gram-negative strains isolated in the blood samples in the post-COVID-19 era.
Age-Related Glucose Intolerance Is Associated with Impaired Insulin Secretion in Community-Dwelling Japanese Adults: The Kumamoto Koshi Study
Authors: Fukuda Kazuki , Haneda Masaki , Kubota Naoto , Araki Eiichi , Yamagata Kazuya
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Glucose tolerance progressively declines with age. However, the effects of aging on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in Japanese subjects are unclear. Methods: We conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in residents aged between 22 and 85 years in Koshi City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, to clarify the characteristics of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in older adults. Participants were recruited using a flyer, and the OGTT was performed after an overnight fast (12–16 h) between 8:00 and 10:30 am. Results: HOMA-IR and the Matsuda index are indices of insulin action. No correlation of age with HOMA-IR or the Matsuda index was found, whereas HOMA-β, the insulinogenic index, and the disposition index, all indices of insulin secretion, were negatively correlated with age in all participants and in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Multiple regression analysis showed that age was an explanatory factor for insulin secretion. Conclusions: Impaired insulin secretion may contribute to age-related glucose intolerance in Japanese individuals.
GRP78 in Glioma Progression and Therapy: Implications for Targeted Approaches
Authors: Yang Yue , Li Wen , Zhao Yu , Sun Minxuan , Xing Feifei , Yang Jiao , Zhou Yuanshuai
Published: February 2025

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, accounting for the majority of brain cancer-related deaths. Considering the limited efficacy of conventional therapies, novel molecular targeted therapies have been developed to improve outcomes and minimize toxicity. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a molecular chaperone primarily localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has received increasing attention for its role in glioma progression and resistance to conventional therapies. Overexpressed in gliomas, GRP78 supports tumor growth, survival, and therapeutic resistance by maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating multiple signaling pathways. Its aberrant expression correlates with higher tumor grades and poorer patient prognosis. Beyond its intracellular functions, GRP78’s presence on the cell surface and its role in the tumor microenvironment underscore its potential as a therapeutic target. Recent studies have explored innovative strategies to target GRP78, including small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, showing significant potential in glioma treatment. This review explores the biological characteristics of GRP78, its role in glioma pathophysiology, and the potential of GRP78-targeted therapy as a novel strategy to overcome treatment resistance and improve clinical outcomes. GRP78-targeted therapy, either alone or in combination with conventional treatments, could be a novel and attractive strategy for future glioma treatment.
GOHBA: Improved Honey Badger Algorithm for Global Optimization
Authors: Huang Yourui , Lu Sen , Liu Quanzeng , Han Tao , Li Tingting
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the problem that the honey badger algorithm easily falls into local convergence, insufficient global search ability, and low convergence speed, this paper proposes a global optimization honey badger algorithm (Global Optimization HBA) (GOHBA), which improves the search ability of the population, with better ability to jump out of the local optimum, faster convergence speed, and better stability. The introduction of Tent chaotic mapping initialization enhances the population diversity and initializes the population quality of the HBA. Replacing the density factor enhances the search range of the algorithm in the entire solution space and avoids premature convergence to a local optimum. The addition of the golden sine strategy enhances the global search capability of the HBA and accelerates the convergence speed. Compared with seven algorithms, the GOHBA achieves the optimal mean value on 14 of the 23 tested functions. On two real-world engineering design problems, the GOHBA was optimal. On three path planning problems, the GOHBA had higher accuracy and faster convergence. The above experimental results show that the performance of the GOHBA is indeed excellent.
Metagenomic Insights into Microbial Signatures in Thrombi from Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Thirupathi Kasthuri , Ghozy Sherief , Reda Abdullah , Ranatunga Wasantha K. , Ruben Mars A. , Armin Zarrintan , Mereuta Oana M. , Prabhjot Sekhon , Dai Daying , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F. , Kadirvel Ramanathan
Published: February 2025

Background: Variability in recanalization success during endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has led to increased interests in thrombus composition and associated cellular materials. While evidence suggests that bacteria may influence thrombus characteristics, limited data exist on microbiological profiles of thrombi in stroke patients. Objectives: Characterization of bacterial communities present in thrombi of AIS patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy, providing insights into microbial contributions to stroke pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Methods: Thrombi were collected from 20 AIS patients. After extracting metagenome, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Bioinformatic analysis included taxonomy and diversity assessments. The presence of bacterial DNA and viable bacteria in thrombi was validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culturing followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, respectively. Results: 16S rDNA was amplified in 19/20 thrombi (95%). Analysis identified a diverse microbial community, with Corynebacterium spp. as the most prevalent genus, followed by Staphylococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Methylobacterium spp., and Anaerococcus spp. Alpha diversity analyses (Shannon index: 4.0–6.0 and Simpson index: 0.8–1.0) revealed moderate to high microbial diversity across samples; beta diversity demonstrated distinct clustering, indicating inter-patient variability in microbial profiles. PCR confirmed the presence of DNA specific to dominant bacterial taxa identified through sequencing. Culturing showed the presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis in some clots as identified through MALDI analysis. Conclusions: This study shows bacterial communities present in AIS patients’ thrombi, suggesting a potential link between microbial signatures and thrombus characteristics.
Intermittent Overconsumption of High Fat Diet Promotes Microglial Reactivity in the Hypothalamus and Hindbrain of Female Rats
Authors: Campanile Alexis A. , Eckel Lisa A.
Published: February 2025

Elevated proinflammatory cytokines were reported in binge eating spectrum disorders characterized by intermittent overconsumption during periods of otherwise normal or restricted food intake. It is unknown whether binge eating promotes neuroinflammation, similar to that observed following chronic overconsumption of a high fat diet (HFD) in rodents. Here, we used a rodent model of binge-like eating to test the hypothesis that intermittent overconsumption of HFD promotes microglial reactivity in brain areas that control food intake. To promote overconsumption, one group of rats received chow plus intermittent access to HFD (INT). Control groups received either chow only (CHOW) or chow plus continuous access to HFD (CONT). Following behavioral testing, brains were processed to visualize ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a microglial marker. INT rats consumed more calories than the control rats on days when the HFD was available, and fewer calories than the control rats on days when they only had access to chow. Despite consuming fewer total calories and 50% fewer fat calories, lean INT rats developed a pattern of microglial reactivity in feeding-relevant brain areas similar to obese CONT rats. We conclude that intermittent overconsumption of HFD, without diet-induced weight gain, promotes microglial reactivity in brain regions that control feeding.
From COVID-19 Pandemic Pivot to Progress: Blended Work as a Pathway to Greener African Cities
Authors: Iradukunda Patrick Gad , Iradukunda Arnaud , Gashema Pierre , Ngabo Emile , Tuyishime Jean de Dieu , Musafiri Tumusime , Umuhoza Thérèse , Uwayo Ulysse , Moyo Enos , Habimana Richard , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, disrupted work and life patterns worldwide, underscoring the urgency of addressing climate change. Despite contributing minimally to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Africa faces disproportionate vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. This commentary explores the benefits of blended work models (remote and in-office work) and the readiness of African cities to adopt them. Notably, the shift to working from home (WFH) during the pandemic improved individual well-being and reduced office energy consumption and commuting-related emissions. Robust digital infrastructure and organizational and sustainable policies are essential to fully leverage blended work for urban sustainability. The unexpected opportunities that arose during the pandemic could help African cities address climate change through careful planning and investment.
An Epidemiologic Investigation for an Outbreak of Norovirus Infection in a Daycare Center in Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea, 2023
Authors: Lee Sang-Jin , Jang Jieun , Lee Kwan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Norovirus is one of the primary causes of foodborne illness in South Korea. This study aimed to identify the cause of a norovirus outbreak in a daycare center in a city in February 2023 and to prevent further spread through an epidemiologic investigation. Methods: A total of 93 individuals, including daycare staff, children, and kitchen staff, were included. A field epidemiologic investigation was conducted, consisting of case definition, collection of environmental and preserved food samples, and human specimens, along with interviews. A matched case-control study (1:3 ratio) was designed to analyze risk factors, and a statistical analysis, including odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and chi-square tests, was performed to identify associations between food consumption and infection. Person-to-person transmission was also assessed through epidemiological data analysis. Results: Among the 93 individuals, 16 (17.2%) were identified as cases, of which nine (9.7%) were confirmed cases. The same genotype of norovirus (GII) was detected in eight human samples. No significant association was found between specific food items and infection. The epidemic curve and transmission network analysis suggested that the primary mode of transmission was person-to-person contact within the daycare center. Conclusions: This study highlights the critical role of hygiene practices in daycare settings to prevent person-to-person transmission of norovirus. Regular public health education, environmental disinfection, and early symptom recognition are essential preventive measures.
Design and Numerical Simulation of a Standing Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Microdevice for Whole Blood Cell Separation
Authors: Hajimoradi Maryam , Gevari Moein Talebian , Pullen Keith Robert , Mojaddam Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW)-based acoustofluidics is widely used due to its compatibility with soft materials and polymer structures. In the presence of an acoustic field, particles move either toward pressure nodes or anti-nodes according to their contrast factor. Using this technique, blood cells with a certain characteristic can be oriented in different streamlines in a microchannel. The cumulative effect of parameters, such as the inlet velocity ratio of the buffer solution to the blood sample, acoustic frequency, voltage, and channel geometry, is key to effective separation in these microfluidic chips. In this study, simultaneous separation of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in one stage is simulated by means of numerical calculations. The linear constitutive equation for the piezoelectric substrate, the Helmholtz equation for the acoustic field, and the Navier–Stokes equations for fluid mechanics are solved simultaneously to precisely capture the blood cell behavior in the SSAW-based device. The results show that whole blood cell separation can be achieved using a velocity ratio of 6.25, a resonance frequency of 8.28 MHz, and a voltage of 8.5 V in the proposed five-outlet microfluidic chip.
Hematopathological Patterns in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Complications of Overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Strasser Bernhard , Mustafa Sebastian , Seier Josef , Tomasits Josef , Haushofer Alexander
Published: February 2025

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) poses major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. While DIC is well documented in acute promyelocytic leukemia, its manifestations in non-APL AML remain underexplored, necessitating precise diagnostic strategies for effective management. Methods: AML patients with overt DIC were analyzed, including morphological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and genetic evaluations. DIC was diagnosed using the ISTH scoring system, and AML subtypes were classified following WHO criteria. Results: Three diagnostic patterns were identified. (1) Acute promyelocytic leukemia: Leukemia characterized by PML::RARa rearrangements, FLT3 co-mutations, and frequent Auer rods and faggot bundles. Immunocytological analysis showed CD34 and HLA-DR negativity. (2) AML with FLT3 and/or NPM1 mutations: A high prevalence of cup-like blasts was found in 70% of cases. FLT3 mutations, often co-occurring with NPM1, dominated, while karyotypes were typically normal. Immunophenotyping revealed strong myeloid marker expression (MPO+, CD13+, and CD33+), with occasional CD34 negativity. (3) AML with monocytic differentiation: Leukemia defined by monoblastic/promonocytic morphology, DNMT3A mutations, and complex karyotypes or 11q23 rearrangements. Immunophenotyping demonstrated a dominance of monocytic markers (CD4+, CD14+, CD15+, and CD64+). Two patients presented unique profiles with no alignment to these patterns. Conclusions: This study highlights distinct hematopathological patterns of AML with overt DIC, providing a framework for early and precise diagnosis. Recognizing these patterns is critical for tailoring diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.
The Value of MRI and Radiomics for the Diagnostic Evaluation of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Zhou Weiyi , Song Yan , Shi Jufeng , Li Tuo
Published: February 2025

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a vision-threatening autoimmune disease that involves the extraocular muscles (EOMs) and periorbital fat. Typical signs of TAO include eyelid recession, proptosis, diplopia, and decreased visual acuity. As a self-limited disease, there is major bipolarity in clinical outcomes in TAO population. The early diagnosis and prediction of these refractory and relapsed patients is essential. Unfortunately, commonly used tools such as CAS/NOSPECTS, are based on clinical symptoms and signs alone, have significant limitations. Some imaging techniques or examinations, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be very effective in assisting TAO assessment, from exhaustive whiteboard notes to optimized patient outcomes. Being one of the most commonly used and accurate objective examinations for TAO assessment, MRI boosts no ionizing radiation, high soft tissue contrast, better reflection of tissue water content, and the ability to quantify multiple parameters. In addition, novel MR sequences are becoming increasingly more familiar in TAO and other areas of clinical and scientific research. Moreover, radiomics, a method involving the extraction of a large number of features from medical images through algorithms, is a more recent approach used in the analysis and characterization of TAO data. Thus, this review aims to summarize and compare the value of routine and novel functional MRI sequences and radiomics prediction models in the diagnosis and evaluation of TAO.
Cardiac Morpho-Functional Changes, Inflammation and Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis—A Pilot Study of a Tertiary Center Cohort
Authors: Dorniak Karolina , Gogulska Zuzanna , Viti Alessandro , Glińska Anna , Kulawiak-Gałąska Dorota , Fijałkowska Jadwiga , Wojteczek Anna , Wojtowicz Dagmara , Sienkiewicz Katarzyna , Hellmann Marcin , Smoleńska Żaneta
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiac involvement (CI) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequently subclinical and it can be identified in up to 80% of autopsied hearts. If present, symptoms are related to adverse prognosis, and CI represents one of the predominant causes of SSc-related mortality. Methods: A total of 20 patients with a diagnosis of SSc were included and followed up, and 37 volunteers were included and subsequently scanned on a 1.5T MR system. Results: Overall, thirteen (65%) patients had one or more abnormal cardiac findings in CMR (defined as CI[+]), of which in seven (35%), baseline ECGs and standard echocardiograms were normal or unspecific. Compared to healthy volunteers, SSc patients had a lower LVEF% (56.6% vs. 61.6%; p = 0.0131), longer T1 (1028.3 ms vs. 993.1 ms; p = 0.0049) and T2 relaxation times (48.24 ms vs. 43 ms p = 0.0011), and higher extracellular volume (ECV, 27.9% vs. 26.0%; p = 0.0112). However, no difference in CMR-derived, feature-tracking GLS values between patients and healthy controls was found (−15.5[2,8] vs. −16.3[1,1], respectively, p = 0.11). Over 3.4 (1.9–5.5) years, three patients (15%) died, and two others (10%) sustained major cardiac complications. Conclusions: Cardiac magnetic resonance with modern quantitative techniques reveals subtle morpho-functional alterations and thus allows for early diagnosis of myocardial involvement in systemic sclerosis. Our findings emphasize the need for extended diagnostic workup in these patients and demonstrate the ability of cardiac MR to select patients requiring closer follow-up and/or treatment decisions.
Statistical Characteristics of Strong Earthquake Sequence in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Rui , Han Peng , Zhao Tao , Miao Miao , Su Lina , Jin Zhaodi , Zhuang Jiancang
Published: February 2025

As the forefront of inland extension on the Indian plate, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, marked by low strain rates and high stress levels, is one of the regions with the highest seismic risk. Analyzing seismicity through statistical methods holds significant scientific value for understanding tectonic conditions and assessing earthquake risk. However, seismic monitoring capacity in this region remains limited, and earthquake frequency is low, complicating efforts to improve earthquake catalogs through enhanced identification and localization techniques. Bi-scale empirical probability integral transformation (BEPIT), a statistical method, can address these data gaps by supplementing missing events shortly after moderate to large earthquakes, resulting in a more reliable statistical data set. In this study, we analyzed six earthquake sequences with magnitudes of MS ≥ 6.0 that occurred in northeastern Tibet since 2009, following the upgrade of the regional seismic network. Using BEPIT, we supplemented short-term missing aftershocks in these sequences, creating a more complete earthquake catalog. ETAS model parameters and b values for these sequences were then estimated using maximum likelihood methods to analyze parameter variability across sequences. The findings indicate that the b value is low, reflecting relatively high regional stress. The background seismicity rate is very low, with most mainshocks in these sequences being background events rather than foreshock-driven events. The p-parameter of the ETAS model is high, indicating that aftershocks decay relatively quickly, while the α-parameter is also elevated, suggesting that aftershocks are predominantly induced by the mainshock. These conditions suggest that earthquake prediction in this region is challenging through seismicity analysis alone, and alternative approaches integrating non-seismic data, such as electromagnetic and fluid monitoring, may offer more viable solutions. This study provides valuable insights into earthquake forecasting in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
Analog Frontend for Big Data Compression and Instantaneous Failure Prediction in Power Management Systems
Authors: Sarig Erez , Evzelman Michael , Peretz Mor Mordechai
Published: February 2025

An innovative analog frontend for big data collection and intelligent compression as part of an instantaneous failure prediction platform is presented. Failure prediction in power management systems is crucial for increasing uptime and preventing massive failure. Accurate failure prediction, with real-time decision-making, requires data collection from many wide-bandwidth signals within a system, as low-bandwidth information such as DC output voltage is of limited value for decision-making and failure prediction. Analog compression, data profiling, and anomaly detection methods enabled by the unique analog frontend are presented. The system significantly reduces the demand for high computational power, fast communication, and large storage space required for the task. A real-time compression ratio exceeding 100:1 was achieved by the experimental analog frontend, digitizing the analog signal at a rate of 135 MS/s with a 10-bit resolution. The motivation, existing solutions, performance metrics, and advantages of the analog frontend are demonstrated, along with the details of the circuit operation principle. The process of data collection, its intelligent processing using the analog frontend, and anomaly detection are simulated to validate the theoretical hypotheses. For experimental validation, a laboratory setup that includes a dedicated analog frontend prototype and step-down DC-DC converter was built and evaluated to demonstrate the robust performance in sampling and monitoring wide-bandwidth signals and smart data processing using analog frontend for quick decision-making.
Correction: Matyushkov et al. Chemical Structure of Lean and Stoichiometric Laminar Flames of Methylcyclohexane at Atmospheric Pressure. Energies 2024, 17, 6154
Authors: Matyushkov Vladislav V. , Chernov Anatoly A. , Dmitriev Artëm M. , Shmakov Andrey G.
Published: February 2025

In the originally published paper [...]
Hydrogen Purity: Influence of Production Methods, Purification Techniques, and Analytical Approaches
Authors: Kim Yunji , Yang Heena
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen purity plays a crucial role in the expanding hydrogen economy, particularly in applications such as fuel cells and industrial processes. This review investigates the relationship between hydrogen production methods and resulting purity levels, emphasizing the differences between reforming, electrolysis, and biomass-based techniques. Furthermore, it explores state-of-the-art purification technologies, including pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations in achieving ultra-pure hydrogen. Analytical methods such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and cavity ring-down spectroscopy are also discussed in terms of their accuracy and application scope for hydrogen quality assessment. By integrating findings from global and domestic studies, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and advancements in hydrogen purity, offering insights into optimizing hydrogen for a sustainable energy future.
Few-Shot Load Forecasting Under Data Scarcity in Smart Grids: A Meta-Learning Approach
Authors: Tsoumplekas Georgios , Athanasiadis Christos , Doukas Dimitrios I. , Chrysopoulos Antonios , Mitkas Pericles
Published: February 2025

Despite the rapid expansion of smart grids and large volumes of data at the individual consumer level, there are still various cases where adequate data collection to train accurate load forecasting models is challenging or even impossible. This paper proposes adapting an established Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning algorithm for short-term load forecasting in the context of few-shot learning. Specifically, the proposed method can rapidly adapt and generalize within any unknown load time series of arbitrary length using only minimal training samples. In this context, the meta-learning model learns an optimal set of initial parameters for a base-level learner recurrent neural network. The proposed model is evaluated using a dataset of historical load consumption data from real-world consumers. Despite the examined load series’ short length, it produces accurate forecasts outperforming transfer learning and task-specific machine learning methods by 12.5%. To enhance robustness and fairness during model evaluation, a novel metric, mean average log percentage error, is proposed that alleviates the bias introduced by the commonly used MAPE metric. Finally, a series of studies to evaluate the model’s robustness under different hyperparameters and time series lengths is also conducted, demonstrating that the proposed approach consistently outperforms all other models.
State of the Art in Electric Batteries’ State-of-Health (SoH) Estimation with Machine Learning: A Review
Authors: Sylvestrin Giovane Ronei , Maciel Joylan Nunes , Amorim Marcio Luís Munhoz , Carmo João Paulo , Afonso José A. , Lopes Sérgio F. , Ando Junior Oswaldo Hideo
Published: February 2025

The sustainable reuse of batteries after their first life in electric vehicles requires accurate state-of-health (SoH) estimation to ensure safe and efficient repurposing. This study applies the systematic ProKnow-C methodology to analyze the state of the art in SoH estimation using machine learning (ML). A bibliographic portfolio of 534 papers (from 2018 onward) was constructed, revealing key research trends. Public datasets are increasingly favored, appearing in 60% of the studies and reaching 76% in 2023. Among 12 identified sources covering 20 datasets from different lithium battery technologies, NASA’s Prognostics Center of Excellence contributes 51% of them. Deep learning (DL) dominates the field, comprising 57.5% of the implementations, with LSTM networks used in 22% of the cases. This study also explores hybrid models and the emerging role of transfer learning (TL) in improving SoH prediction accuracy. This study also highlights the potential applications of SoH predictions in energy informatics and smart systems, such as smart grids and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. By integrating accurate SoH estimates into real-time monitoring systems and wireless sensor networks, it is possible to enhance energy efficiency, optimize battery management, and promote sustainable energy practices. These applications reinforce the relevance of machine-learning-based SoH predictions in improving the resilience and sustainability of energy systems. Finally, an assessment of implemented algorithms and their performances provides a structured overview of the field, identifying opportunities for future advancements.
Evaluating GHG Emissions and Renewable Energy Use in the Italian Energy Sector: Monitoring, Reporting, and Objectives
Authors: Castelluccio Stefano , Fiore Silvia , Comoglio Claudio
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the greenhouse gas (GHG) and renewable energy use reporting practices among thermal power plants (TPPs), waste incinerators (WIs), and hydropower plants (HPPs) in Italy, as reflected in their EMAS environmental statements. The analysis focuses on GHG emissions (Scope 1, 2, and 3) and renewable energy utilization reporting, and on the objectives set by the companies for reducing emissions and fossil fuels use. TPPs and WIs reported positive Scope 1 emissions extensively but reporting on Scope 2 and Scope 3 resulted inconsistent for all facilities. Negative emissions reporting was generally lacking, except for HPPs. Renewable energy use reporting was also limited, especially in TPPs and WIs, despite some facilities producing energy from renewable sources. The study also evaluated the objectives set by the companies on GHG reduction and renewable energy use increase, finding that GHG reduction was prioritized over renewable energy use. However, both were often a secondary goal integrated into planned operational improvements. The findings highlight that, to ensure transparency of sustainability data and the possibility of performances benchmarking in the energy production sector, there is the need for defining stronger reporting guidelines on GHG emissions, especially regarding Scope 3 emissions, and to prioritize increasing the share of renewable energy among strategic objectives. Future research should investigate factors affecting reporting behavior and the barriers to renewable energy adoption in fossil fuel-reliant sectors.
Differences in Tolerance of Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby and Tilia × europaea L. ‘Pallida’ to Environmental Stress in the First Year After Planting in Urban Conditions
Authors: Kościesza Marek , Korbik Mateusz , Jędrzejuk Agata , Swoczyna Tatiana , Latocha Piotr
Published: February 2025

The success of establishing new trees in cities and their subsequent growth depend, among others, on the proper selection of tree species which can easily tolerate the post-planting stress. In the spring of 2023, young Italian alder (Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby) and common lime (Tilia × europaea L. ‘Pallida’) trees were planted in a street of heavy traffic in Warsaw. In the summer of 2023, leaf samples were collected during the growing season for chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and chemical analyses. Additionally, the autumn phenological phases were monitored. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements revealed higher values of Fv/Fm, density of reaction centers per cross-section, and electron transport chain efficiency between photosystems II and I, as well as lower energy dissipation rate per active reaction center of photosystem II in A. cordata. Moreover, A. cordata revealed higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content. The flavonoid and proline content in both species was the highest by the end of July and then decreased. In T. × europea ‘Pallida’, the contents of these stress biomarkers increased in the late growing season. Our results showed that T. × europaea ‘Pallida’ is less resistant to post-planting stress in urban conditions, while A. cordata showed higher resistance to variable weather conditions, high photosynthetic efficiency, and long foliage lifespan.
Responses of Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Nutrient Limitations to Vegetation Types in a Degraded Karst Trough Valley
Authors: Gan Fengling , Shi Hailong , Tan Xiaohong , Jiang Lisha , Li Wuyi , Xia Yuanyue , Pu Junbing , Dai Quanhou , Yan Youjin , Fan Yuchuan
Published: February 2025

Soil enzyme activities serve as the key indicators of microbial nutrient limitations. Vegetation types after farmland is returned modify both the biological and abiotic properties of the soil, thereby impacting the soil nutrient cycle and the stability of forest ecosystems. However, soil enzyme activities and microbial nutrient limitations in degraded karst forests under different vegetation types after farmland return remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial resource limitations in different vegetation types (grasslands (G), transitional grass–shrub (SG), shrubland (S), and secondary forest (F)) after returning farmland on dip and anti-dip slopes in a karst trough valley. The relationships among the factors influencing soil enzyme activities were analyzed to identify the drivers of microbial nutrient limitation. The results revealed that soil enzyme activities and physicochemical properties were significantly greater on anti-dip slopes than on dip slopes. Total nitrogen (27.4%) and bulk density (24.4%) influenced mainly soil enzyme activity and its stoichiometric ratio, whereas carbon and phosphorus limitations impacted soil microorganisms on the dip slopes of the F and G vegetation types. The soil physicochemical properties and enzyme characteristics accounted for 85.5% and 75.6%, respectively, of the observed influence. Notably, the total phosphorus content (36.8%) on the anti-dip erosion slope was significantly greater than that on the other slopes. These factors, especially bedrock strata dip and vegetation type, significantly affect soil enzyme activity. This study confirms that vegetation type enhances soil enzyme activities on anti-dip erosion slopes, providing a scientific basis for karst ecosystem restoration.
Effects of Ɛ-Polylysine Combined with Plant Extract on the Microbiological and Sensory Qualities of Grapes
Authors: Feng Qixin , Zhu Chengzhi , Zhou Peng , Yao Jinlong , Bao Yihong , Zhao Zhijun
Published: February 2025

Grapes are prone to rot and deterioration during storage, seriously affecting their food value. The effects of five extracts, cinnamon, perilla, green tea, pomegranate peel, and ginger, on the microbial growth, weight loss, and sensory quality of grapes were investigated using colony counting and sensory scoring methods. The results showed that perilla and cinnamon extracts had the best effect on maintaining the overall freshness of grapes on the 35th day of storage. The sensory scores were 82 and 80, respectively, and the number of microorganisms was below 6.13 log CFU/g. Further studies revealed that the combination of perilla and cinnamon extracts with Ɛ-polylysine resulted in better inhibition of microbial growth, reduced weight loss, maintained grape quality, and extended storage period to 40 days. An analysis of the active ingredients of the perilla and cinnamon extracts revealed that both extracts contained active antioxidant and antimicrobial ingredients, such as protocatechuic acid, coumaric acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, and rutin. The active ingredients of the perilla extract also included luteolin and apigenin, and those of the cinnamon extract included pinocembrin and epicatechin. These ingredients were deduced to have contributed to preserving the freshness of grapes by the plant extracts.
A Colorimetric LAMP Assay for Salmonella spp. Detection: Towards a DNA Extraction-Free Approach for Pathogen Screening
Authors: Skenndri Safae , Nassik Saâdia , Lakhmi Rabab , Anneggah Badr Eddine , Lahkak Fatima Ezzahra , Moumen Abdeladim , Abdellaoui Maane Imane
Published: February 2025

As of today, bacteriological identification and the molecular approach PCR are considered the gold standards for Salmonella spp. detection. However, these methods are time-consuming and costly due to the requirements for enrichment and nucleic acid extraction. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of a developed colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cLAMP) assay targeting the hilA gene, using Phenol Red as an amplification indicator. Given that Phenol Red is pH-dependent, and to develop an extraction-free test, we evaluated chicken meat pretreatment and thermal treatment. First, we assessed the reliability of this test using a pure culture of Salmonella spp. and then in 50 chicken samples pretreated with optimal NaOH concentrations under standardized conditions. Samples representing extreme pH values were artificially contaminated and subjected to DNA extraction and a heat-treatment protocol. Serial dilutions of these products served as templates for LAMP reactions. The assay sensitivity was estimated to be around 3.9 CFU/µL of pure bacterial culture. In contrast, in biological samples, we detected up to 10 CFU/µL using DNA extraction, while heat treatment successfully amplified the initial solution and even some dilutions up to 103 CFU/µL. In conclusion, our cLAMP assay demonstrated good sensitivity and provided clear evidence of its potential for in-field use without relying on prior enrichment steps and DNA extraction.