bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zig Jackson: Postindian Warrior of Fine Art
Authors: Wawer Ada
Published: December 2021

The article is a discussion of contemporary photographic works featuring Native Americans. The argument is framed through references to the conventions of representations of Native people in photography, on the one hand, and the critical discourse of Gerald Vizenor and the notions of the “Indian” and “Postindian,” on the other. The article focuses on the artist, Zig Jackson, who is described as a Postindian “warrior of survivance” and whose practice is analyzed as an attempt at the deconstruction of the popular image of the “Indian.”
Roots of Appearance and Persistence of Income Inequality: A case study of India
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Ghoreishi Fardin
Published: December 2021

Income inequality among various forms of inequality, these days has attracted the serious attention of policymakers, rulers and thinkers. Each of these three groups has tried to identify the causes of occurrence and continuity through their views and, of course, provide solutions to mitigate it. The beginning of the third millennium was accompanied by an intensification of income inequalities within countries, so that the efforts of the international community, which had previously been able to reduce poverty and absolute hunger in the framework of documents such as the Millennium Development Goals, to reduce it, so far has failed to alleviate it. Identifying the causes of the emergence and perpetuation of income inequality in different economies is very significant at a time when the threats posed by income inequality are estimated in important documents such as the Global Threat Report as significant as terrorism. The subject of this article is to examine the textual, institutional and global causes of the continuing income inequality in India, which has recorded a remarkable economic growth rate these days. In India, a set of factors including the roots of social system deficiencies, economic growth, globalization and its tools such as privatization and trade liberalization are among the main causes of continuing inequality in Indian society today, which seems to be a continuous process due to the priority of economic growth against the reduction of income inequality for different governments in this country.
Dijital Kuşağın Değer Yargılarının Üretim ve Yansıma Aracı Olarak YouTube Kanalları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Şener Sami , Asil Aylin
Published: December 2021

Dünyadaki yeni teknolojik gelişmeler sebebiyle, toplumlar kendi kültürel varlıklarını koruma ve sürdürme noktasında zorlanmaktadır. Aile ve eğitim yoluyla genç bireylere aktarılan değerler, dijital bilginin yanlış ve ölçüsüz kullanımı nedeniyle önemli ölçüde etkisiz hale gelebilmektedir. İnternetin sağlamış olduğu her türlü bilgi ve veriye erişme imkânı sayesinde dünya çapında bireyler arasındaki iletişim ve etkileşim hızlanmıştır. Genç fertlerin, bir önceki nesilden farklı tercih ve önceliklere sahip olmalarında internet ortamında yer alan farklı platformların etkisinin olduğu yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Toplumlar ve özellikle de genç bireyler, yetersiz ve etkisiz eğitim ve kültürlenme nedeniyle gerekli bilgi, değer yargısı ve ahlak anlayışına sahip olamadıkları için internet kültürünün etki alanına girmiştir.

Bu makale, dijital bilginin hızla dönüştürdüğü dünyada, gençlerin YouTube platformları etkisiyle hangi değerleri benimsediğini incelemekte ve geleneksel ve modern anlayışlar arasındaki farklılıkları analiz etmektedir. Makalede, Youtube platformlarının genç nesillere kattığı olumlu ve olumsuz davranış ve düşünce kalıpları değerlendirilmiş, seçilen bazı Youtube kanallarının takipçilerinin verdiği cevaplar doğrultusunda gençlerin değer yargılarının Youtube kanalları aracılığıyla nasıl yeniden şekillendiği değerlendirilmektedir.
A bio-inspired adaptive model for search and selection in the Internet of Things environment
Authors: Bouarourou Soukaina , Boulaalam Abdelhak , Nfaoui El Habib
Published: December 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that can connect an enormous number of intelligent objects, share large amounts of data, and produce new services. However, it is a challenge to select the proper sensors for a given request due to the number of devices in use, the available resources, the restrictions on resource utilization, the nature of IoT networks, and the number of similar services. Previous studies have suggested how to best address this challenge, but suffer from low accuracy and high execution times. We propose a new distributed model to efficiently deal with heterogeneous sensors and select accurate ones in a dynamic IoT environment. The model’s server uses and manages multiple gateways to respond to the request requirements. First, sensors were grouped into three semantic categories and several semantic sensor network types in order to define the space of interest. Second, each type’s sensors were clustered using the Whale-based Sensor Clustering (WhaleCLUST) algorithm according to the context properties. Finally, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was improved to search and select the most adequate sensor matching users’ requirements. Experimental results from real data sets demonstrate that our proposal outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of accuracy (96%), execution time, quality of clustering, and scalability of clustering.
Composition, richness and nestedness of gallery forest bird assemblages in an Amazonian savanna landscape: lessons for conservation
Authors: Pandilha Joandro , Toledo José Júlio de , Barbosa Luis Cláudio Fernandes , Carvalho William Douglas , de Sousa Jackson Cleiton , Cardoso da Silva José Maria
Published: December 2021

Gallery forests are important to the maintenance of a substantial portion of the biodiversity in neotropical savanna regions, but management guidelines specific to this forest type are limited. Here, we use birds as study group to assess if: (1) functional traits can predict the abundance and occupancy of forest species within a savanna landscape, (2) habitat structures influence the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of forest assemblages, and (3) less diverse gallery forest assemblages are a nested subset of more diverse assemblages living near continuous forests. Then, we propose strategies on how gallery forests can be managed to maintain their species assemblages amidst the fast expansion of human activities across tropical savanna landscapes. We studied 26 sites of gallery forests in an Amazonian savanna landscape and found that: (1) habitat specificity is the only functional trait that predicts species abundance and occupancy across a landscape; (2) phylogenetic diversity is negatively correlated with understory foliage density; (3) the percentage of forests and savannas around sites is positively correlated with both phylogenetic and functional diversity; (4) increasing human activities around gallery forest negatively influences taxonomic and functional diversity; and (5) forest bird assemblages are not distributed at random across the landscape but show a nested pattern caused by selective colonization mediated by habitat filtering. Our combined findings have three implications for the design of conservation strategies for gallery forest bird assemblages. First, maintaining the connectivity between gallery forests and adjacent continuous forests is essential because gallery forest bird assemblages are derived from continuous forest species assemblages. Second, because most species use the savanna matrix to move across the landscape, effectively managing the savanna matrices where gallery forests are embedded is as important to maintaining viable populations of forest bird species as managing the gallery forest themselves. Third, in savanna landscapes planned to be used for agriculture production, protecting gallery forests alone is not enough. Instead, gallery forests should be protected with surrounding savanna buffers to avoid the detrimental effects (edge effects and isolation) of human activities on their biodiversity.
Assessment of the Risk of Exposure of Côte D’ivoire Kola Nuts (Cola nitida Schott & Endl. to Pyrethrinoids and Oragnophosphorus Pesticides
Authors: Viviane Deigna-Mockey , Henri Biego Godi , Bleouh Nyamien Yves , Coulibaly Adama
Published: December 2021

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of exposure to pyrethrinoids and oragnophosphorus pesticides found in Côte d’Ivoire kola nuts.

Study Design: Kola nuts samples were collected from farmers, collectors and urban stores in 3 regions (western, southwestern and eastern) and 2 big storage centers of Côte d’Ivoire.

Place and Duration of Study: Health Department of Hydrology Health and Toxicology, Training and Research Unit of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, running 2017-2020.

Methodology: Pyrethrinoids and organophosphorus residues were qualitatively and quantitatively determined using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC (LC-MS/MS) and their potential health risks assessed in kola nuts samples from selected regions of Côte d’Ivoire. Health risk estimates were analyzed using Estimated Average Daily Intake (EADI) and Hazard Index (HI) with risk categorized for non-carcinogenic health effects.

Results: A total of 12 pyrethrinoids and 3 organophosphorus were identified and their residues were detected in all the kola nuts samples analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentration of organphosphorus in all kola nuts was 5±1 µg/kg FW. This level is the same observed for acrinathrin, delatmethrin, fenpropathrin, fenvelerate, flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, cyfluthrin et tefluthrin. As for the other pyrethrinoids, the values obtained are 17.2±6.2 µg/kg FW, 25±14.6 µg/kg FW, 30±11.3 µg/kg FW and 39.4±21.2 µg/kg FW, respectively for bifenthrin, cypermethrin, permethrin and cyhalothrin. The average contents determined for each active molecule are all lower than the MRLs fixed for these residues in the kola nuts. As a result, all the Estimate Average Daily Intake (EADIs) determined in adult Ivorians are lower than the corresponding Toxicological References Values (TRVs). Thus, the Hazard Quotient (HQ) calculated for each substance is less than 1.

Conclusion: The risk of adverse effects from consuming kola nuts contaminated with residues of pyrethrinoids or organophosphorus is very unlikely.
Trace Mineral, Qualitative Phytochemical Composition and Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Citrullus lanatus Seeds on Diabetic Rats
Authors: Okoroh P. N. , Onuigbo M. C. , Godwin-Nwakwasi E. U. , Chukwuka O. C. , Ekanem Ephraim I.
Published: December 2021

The trace mineral concentration, phytochemical composition and antidiabetic effect of the ethanol extract of C. lanatus seeds were carried out using standard methods. The preclinical experimental model was 120 mgkg-1 b.w. (via intraperitoneal) Alloxan induced diabetic rat model, with ethanol extract of C. lanatus seeds administered orally at 500mgkg-1 b.w. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, carbohydrates and oils. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that iron had the highest value (8.31mgkg-1), followed by zinc (5.78 mgkg-1), then manganese (4.28 mgkg-1). Selenium concentration was appreciable (0.85 mgkg-1). Ethanol extract of C. lanatus seeds significantly (p < 0.05), dose and time dependently reduced blood glucose level, increased body weights of rats and had positive effect on organ weights and organ volume. The results in this study showed that Citrullus lanatus seeds are rich in zinc, selenium, manganese, iron, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids/triterpenoids, and tannins. They may therefore serve as good sources of these trace mineral nutrients and bio actives for nutritional and medicinal purposes relating to diabetes management.
The Second Hyper-Zagreb Index of Complement Graphs and Its Applications of Some Nano Structures
Authors: Alsharafi Mohammed , Zeren Yusuf , Alameri Abdu
Published: December 2021

In chemical graph theory, a topological descriptor is a numerical quantity that is based on the chemical structure of underlying chemical compound. Topological indices play an important role in chemical graph theory especially in the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). In this paper, we present explicit formulae for some basic mathematical operations for the second hyper-Zagreb index of complement graph containing the join G1 + G2, tensor product G1 \(\otimes\) G2, Cartesian product G1 x G2, composition G1 \(\circ\) G2, strong product G1 * G2, disjunction G1 V G2 and symmetric difference G1 \(\oplus\) G2. Moreover, we studied the second hyper-Zagreb index for some certain important physicochemical structures such as molecular complement graphs of V-Phenylenic Nanotube V PHX[q, p], V-Phenylenic Nanotorus V PHY [m, n] and Titania Nanotubes TiO2.
Effect of Different Types of Pruning Operations on Yield and Quality of Tea
Authors: Hossen Md. Imran , Ahmed Toufiq , Arefin Riyadh
Published: December 2021

Aims: Pruning is the cutting of branches of a tea bush at predetermined height and at a specified interval in order to reinvigorate and bring tea bushes within reach of the pluckers, which directly related to the productivity and quality of tea. In Bangladesh, Three and four year pruning cycles were the conventional recommendations for the tea plantation. In this experiment, along with BTRI recommended four types of pruning operations (LP, DSK, MSK and LSK), two more types of  pruning operations such as: UP (Unprune) and LoS (Level of Skiff) were considered as treatments. This experiment was conducted with two main objectives: to evaluate the yield and yield related parameters of tea due to different types of pruning operations as well as to find out the effect of pruning operations on organoleptic quality of black tea.

Study Design, Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was conducted ‘D2 Thall’ area at the main research farm of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) from December 2017 to November 2019. The experimental design was Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications.

Methodology:

The treatments are denoted as T1 (UP: Unpruned) control, T2 (LP: Light Pruning), T3 (DSK: Deep Skiffing), T4 (MSK: Medium Skiffing), T5 (LSK: Light Skiffing) and T6 (LoS: Level of Skiffing) respectively. Data were collected under the following parameters:

Number of plucking point or pluckable shoot/bush in each plucking

Fresh weight (g) of 100 shoots (three leaves and a bud)

Oven Dry weight (g) of 100 shoots (three leaves and a bud) to calculate Dry Matter Content

Green leaf weight (kg) to calculate Yield of each treatment

Number of plucking round to calculate Yield gap of each treatment

Black Tea Quality of each treatment by Organoleptic Tasting Method.

Results: It was found that, number of plucking points/pluckable shoot and yield were found significantly high in T6 (Level of Skiffing), T5 (Light Skiffing) and T1 (Unpruned) than the other treatments. But in terms of tea quality, lowest quality tea was found in T1 (Unpruned), T6 (Level of Skiffing) and T5 (Light Skiffing) treatment. So, it can be concluded that, ‘Skiff Pruning’ or ‘Unprune’ technique had positive effect on yield but the quality of these technique were poor in comparison with other treatments. T2 (Light Pruning) treatment gave more tender and fresh shoot than the other treatment. For this reason, dry matter was low in T2 (Light Pruning) treatment but tea quality was much better than the other pruning technique.

Conclusion: Pruning has  positive or  negative effect on  yield and quality of  tea.  ‘Skiff Pruning’ or

‘Unprune’ has positive effect on yield but the quality of is poor than the other treatments. Best Quality tea can be produced from Light Pruning tea section because of having more tender and fresh shoot than other treatments.
Bacteria and Parasites Pathogens Associated with the Houseflies (Musca domestica) in Lafia Metropolis of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Alaku A. I. , Danladi Sani , Mohammed Audu
Published: December 2021

Houseflies (Musa domestica) are common insects of the families muscidae, order Dipthera. They are synanthropic insects that are widely distributed worldwide. They enter several places, including contaminated premises due to their own biological habit of feeding. This study identifies the pathogenic parasites and bacteria associated with the houseflies in Lafia, Nigeria. A total of 215 flies were collected from 5 locations (New market, Neigbourhood market, Kasuwan Turmatur, Kasuwan Karo and Yanlemu market) within the Lafia metropolis, from September, 2019 to March 2020. The fly specimens were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic parasites and bacteria using standard laboratory procedures. The results showed that the parasites: Entamoeba hietolytic was most prevalence with (22.11%) Ascaris lumbricoides being (15.05%), Taenia species (14.70%) schistosoma mansoni (14.70%), Hookworm and Trichnris trichura recorded least prevalence accounting for (1.12%) respectively, pathogenic bacteria isolated and identify from the houseflies are; Staplyloccus sp (36.36%), Bacillus species (19.48%), Klebsiella sp (19.75%), Escherichia sp (6.49%), Protens sp (7.41%), Salmonella sp (6.49%) and Moraxella sp (2.47%). The result showed significant variation (P<0.05) for both the parasites sp abundance and housefly abundance across the sampled location; however, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) associated with the frequency of occurrence of bacteria species. It can be concluded that Musca domestica in Lafia harbor parasites and bacteria on their external and internal parts. The housefly have mechanical potential to transmit pathogens to man. Measures most be taken to control the fly population to avoid both present and future outbreaks of diseases condition emanating from the flies activities.
Evaluating cepharanthine analogues as natural drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Hijikata Atsushi , Shionyu‐Mitsuyama Clara , Nakae Setsu , Shionyu Masafumi , Ota Motonori , Kanaya Shigehiko , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Nakajima Shogo , Watashi Koichi , Shirai Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2021

Cepharanthine (CEP) is a natural biscoclaurine alkaloid of plant origin and was recently demonstrated to have anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2) activity. In this study, we evaluated whether natural analogues of CEP may act as potential anti‐coronavirus disease 2019 drugs. A total of 24 compounds resembling CEP were extracted from the KNApSAcK database, and their binding affinities to target proteins, including the spike protein and main protease of SARS‐CoV‐2, NPC1 and TPC2 in humans, were predicted via molecular docking simulations. Selected analogues were further evaluated by a cell‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 infection assay. In addition, the efficacies of CEP and its analogue tetrandrine were assessed. A comparison of the docking conformations of these compounds suggested that the diphenyl ester moiety of the molecules was a putative pharmacophore of the CEP analogues.
Defect‐Concentration‐Mediated T‐Nb2O5 Anodes for Durable and Fast‐Charging Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Yongjian , Yao Zhenguo , Shadike Zulipiya , Lei Meng , Liu Jianjun , Li Chilin
Published: December 2021

Metastable orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (T‐Nb2O5) is a promising anode to fulfill the requirements for high‐rate Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Stoichiometric T‐Nb2O5 is plagued by low electric conductivity and particle pulverization after repeated charge/discharge processes. In this work, oxygen vacancies are implanted into T‐Nb2O5 particles via acid immersion of Nb2O5·nH2O with the formation of Lewis acid sites. The multiple characterizations and simulations reveal the lengthening of NbO bonds, and the transformation from NbO7 pentagonal bipyramids and NbO6 tetragonal bipyramids in T‐Nb2O5−x. The enrichment of oxygen vacancies endows T‐Nb2O5−x with higher electric conductivity, better electrochemical kinetics, larger pseudocapacitive contribution. O‐doped graphitic C3N4 is creatively proposed as a trace oxygen pump to repair excessive oxygen vacancies, and it also serves as a sacrifice template for Nb2O5−x growth to construct a porous and monolithic electrode network. Defect‐modulated Nb2O5−x displays extraordinary cycling stability (164 mAh g−1 at 5 C after 1100 cycles), high capacity retention (104 mAh g−1) at an ultrahigh rate (25 C), and large areal capacity (0.74 mAh cm−2) under high mass loading (4 mg cm−2). The practical prospect is proved by Nb2O5−x/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cells with high average platform (2.12 V) and high specific capacity (229 mAh g−1). The oxygen‐defect modulation strategy on oxide anodes provides an alternative solution to fast‐charging and durable LIBs.
Construction of Moisture‐Stable Lithium Diffusion‐Controlling Layer toward High Performance Dendrite‐Free Lithium Anode
Authors: Wang Jian , Hu Huimin , Duan Shaorong , Xiao Qingbo , Zhang Jing , Liu Haitao , Kang Qi , Jia Lujie , Yang Jin , Xu Wenlong , Fei Huifang , Cheng Shuang , Li Linge , Liu Meinan , Lin Hongzhen , Zhang Yuegang
Published: December 2021

Spatially random lithium nucleation and sluggish lithium diffusion across the electrode/electrolyte interface lead to uncontrollable lithium deposition and the growth of lithium dendrite on metallic lithium surface, causing severe safety problems. Herein, a functional rapid‐ion‐diffusion alloy layer on the metallic lithium surface (RIDAL‐Li) is designed through a simple chemical reduction reaction. Such a layer efficiently reduces energy barriers for lithium transport and thus significantly homogenizes the lithium atom flux for lateral deposition, which are confirmed by electrochemical tests, theoretical simulations, and spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, the as‐prepared RIDAL layer also displays a much higher corrosion resistance to moisture and oxygen. As a result, in ether‐based and carbonate‐based electrolytes, the pretreated RIDAL‐Li anode can achieve a long stripping/plating lifespan of 900 h and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99% without dendrite growth. Even after being exposed to the ambient environment with relative humidity of 51% for 60 min, the RIDAL‐Li can survive for stripping/plating 400 h and exhibit a low overpotential of 18 mV, displaying the superiority for ambient atmosphere battery assembly. Matched with LiFePO4 or sulfur cathode, the full cells exhibit remarkably improved stability and capacity retention, showing its suitability for applications in lithium metal batteries.
Multifunctional Nanomachinery for Enhancement of Bone Healing
Authors: Shen Min‐juan , Wang Chen‐yu , Hao Dong‐xiao , Hao Jia‐xin , Zhu Yi‐fei , Han Xiao‐xiao , Tonggu Lige , Chen Ji‐hua , Jiao Kai , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐na
Published: December 2021

The visionary idea that RNA adopts nonbiological roles in today's nanomaterial world has been nothing short of phenomenal. These RNA molecules have ample chemical functionality and self‐assemble to form distinct nanostructures in response to external stimuli. They may be combined with inorganic materials to produce nanomachines that carry cargo to a target site in a controlled manner and respond dynamically to environmental changes. Comparable to biological cells, programmed RNA nanomachines have the potential to replicate bone healing in vitro. Here, an RNA–biomineral nanomachine is developed, which accomplishes intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen scaffolds to mimic bone formation in vitro. Molecular dynamics simulation indicates that noncovalent hydrogen bonding provides the energy source that initiates self‐assembly of these nanomachines. Incorporation of the RNA–biomineral nanomachines into collagen scaffolds in vivo creates an osteoinductive microenvironment within a bone defect that is conducive to rapid biomineralization and osteogenesis. Addition of RNA‐degrading enzymes into RNA–biomineral nanomachines further creates a stop signal that inhibits unwarranted bone formation in tissues. The potential of RNA in building functional nanostructures has been underestimated in the past. The concept of RNA–biomineral nanomachines participating in physiological processes may transform the nanoscopic world of life science.
Staff perceptions of the implementation of a trauma video review program at a level I trauma center
Authors: Dainty Katie N. , Seaton M. Bianca , McGowan Melissa , Nolan Brodie
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Successful implementation of any new technology requires extensive engagement with front‐line staff. We explored the perceptions of emergency department and trauma staff about a trauma video review program (TVR) prior to implementation of the first such program in Canada at our level I trauma center.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured individual interviews and in situ small group interviews with 35 multidisciplinary ED and trauma staff members of a teaching and research hospital in Toronto, Canada. We sought maximum variation in the sample of purposively selected participants. Interviews were recorded with audiotapes or detailed field notes, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using standard thematic analysis techniques.

Results

Participants expressed overall support for the concept of TVR, but there is a core sense of unease that influenced overall staff perceptions. Despite several departmental presentations, very few participants actually had a solid understanding of how the TVR worked. Many were apprehensive about their own professional privacy, deeply concerned about vulnerable patients being filmed without consent, and questioned how video data would be used. Despite significant hesitancy, ED and trauma staff identified positive opportunities that TVR could bring, including providing an evidence base for quality improvement.

Conclusions

TVR is an evolving approach to evaluate quality and patient safety in the trauma bay. As such it brings with it natural concerns and apprehension from staff regarding privacy, confidentiality, and how data will be captured and used. There is opportunity for these types of concerns to be addressed with a robust knowledge translation plan and engagement of staff throughout the implementation process.
Reconstructing the Past, Renegotiating Authority: Reconstructed Archaeological Sites in Present‐Day Poland
Authors: Pawleta Michał
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine open‐air, full‐scale archaeological reconstructions through the prism of concepts of authority and truth. I will approach it along the lines of a praxeology of truth. Accordingly, the questions asked here mainly address negotiations of truth and the practical context in which truth claims are embedded, as well as broader implications accompanying the invocation, questioning, perversion, and deconstruction of truth. Selected examples from Poland are cited, embodying issues of the creation and negotiation of truth claims about the past and illustrating how the authority of archaeologists and other professional heritage specialists sometimes clashes with broader processes and various heritage stakeholders.
LINC00473‐modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells incorporated thermosensitive PLGA hydrogel transplantation for steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of femoral head: A detailed mechanistic study and validity evaluation
Authors: Xu Yingxing , Jiang Yaping , Wang Yingzhen , Jia Bin , Gao Song , Yu Haiyang , Zhang Haining , Lv Chengyu , Li Haiyan , Li Tao
Published: December 2021

The pathogenesis of steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) involves a glucocorticoid‐induced imbalance of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). An increasing number of genes, especially noncoding RNAs, have been implicated in the function of BMSCs. Our previous studies have confirmed the key role of LINC00473 and miR‐23a‐3p on the osteogenic, adipogenic differentiation, and apoptosis of BMSCs. However, the underlying mechanism of this process is still unclear. Based on bioinformatics analysis, here we investigated the effects of LINC00473 on the LRP5/Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs, as well as the PEBP1/Akt/Bad/Bcl‐2 signaling pathway in dexamethasone‐ (Dex‐) induced apoptosis of BMSCs. Our data showed that LINC00473 could promote osteogenesis and suppress the adipogenesis of BMSCs through the activation of the miR‐23a‐3p/LRP5/Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway axis, while rescuing BMSCs from Dex‐induced apoptosis by activating the miR‐23a‐3p/PEBP1/Akt/Bad/Bcl‐2 signaling pathway axis. Notably, we observed that LINC00473 interacted with miR‐23a‐3p in an Argonaute 2 (AGO2)‐dependent manner based on dual‐luciferase reporter assay, AGO2‐related RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA antisense purification assay. Furthermore, injectable thermosensitive polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) hydrogel loaded with rat‐derived BMSCs (rBMSCs) modified by LINC00473 were used for the treatment of SONFH in a rat model. Our results demonstrated that PLGA hydrogels provided a suitable environment for harboring rBMSCs. Besides, transplantation of PLGA hydrogels loaded with rBMSCs modified by LINC00473 could significantly promote the bone repair and reconstruction of the necrotic area at the femoral head in our SONFH rat model. Surprisingly, compared with the transplantation of BMSCs alone, the transplanted rBMSCs encapsulated within the PLGA hydrogel could migrate from the medullary cavity to the femoral head. In summary, LINC00473 promoted osteogenesis, inhibited adipogenesis, and antagonized Dex‐induced apoptosis of BMSCs. Therefore, LINC00473 could provide a new strategy for the treatment of SONFH.
Cancer registry study of malignant hepatic vascular tumors: hepatic angiosarcomas and hepatic epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas
Authors: Martínez Constanza , Lai Jonathan K. , Ramai Daryl , Facciorusso Antonio , Gao Zu‐Hua
Published: December 2021

Background

Malignant vascular tumors (MVTs) are rare and often misdiagnosed due to wide range of clinical presentations, varied histology, and exquisite imagining features. We aim to characterize two different types of MVTs of the liver: hepatic angiosarcomas (HA) and hepatic epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (HEHE).

Methods

Data on HA and HEHE between 1975 and 2016 were extracted from the SEER database and analyzed.

Results

A total of 366 patients with HA were identified where 64.2% were male and 79% of White race. The median age at diagnosis was 64 ± 16.2 years. Distant metastasis was found in 24% of patients, regional disease in 22.1%, and localized disease in 21.3%. The median overall survival for HA was 2 months. For HEHE, 120 cases were identified, 32.5% were male and 80% of White race. The median age of diagnosis was 51 ± 16.8 years. Distant metastasis was found in 37.5% of patients, regional disease in 27.5%, and localized disease in 20%. The median overall survival was 182 months.

Conclusion

Patients’ demographics such as race, age, and gender may assist in elucidating distinct subtypes of MVTs. HA is an aggressive tumor despite intervention. Patients with HEHE tumors have significantly better survival compared to patients with HA. Further studies are needed to deepen our knowledge about the histopathology of these tumors, the outcomes of liver transplantation as a therapeutic alternative, and available molecular targets for MVTs.
The assemblage of inter‐ethnic marriages in Indonesia
Authors: Yulianto Jony Eko , Hodgetts Darrin , King Pita , Liu James H.
Published: December 2021

Inter‐ethnic married couples develop their intimate lives together within the context of their broader cultural communities. Drawing from 10‐weeks of fieldwork with ten Javanese and Chinese Indonesian couples (65 interviews, over 500 pages of transcript, 70 pages of field notes, and over 360 photographs), we approach such marriages as dynamic sites of cultural hybridity and the re‐assemblage of key elements from the participants' ethno‐cultural assemblages of origin. We document how mundane social practices, such as practicing respect for elders, observing religious practices, combining familial work traditions and fusion cooking are instrumental elements in establishing culturally‐hybrid ways of conducting more harmonious lives together. The conceptual framework developed for this article from the assemblage and social practice theories offers a novel approach to exploring everyday cultural hybridity in the conduct nature of inter‐ethnic marriages.
Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Active Compounds Identified in Ardisia elliptica Extracts from Different Plant Parts
Authors: Buraphaka Hathairat , Puttha Watthika , Putalun Waraporn
Published: December 2021

Ardisia elliptica Thunb. (AE) has been used as food and in traditional medicine to prevent and treat fever, diarrhea, chest pain, liver poisoning, and parturition complications in Southeast Asian countries. This study focused on phytochemical constituents of AE extracts and their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity in vitro by evaluating nitric oxide production, and DPPH and FRAP radical scavenging activity. The bioactive compounds from different plant parts, including old leaves, young leaves, flowers, roots, and fruits, were identified. The results showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content in the root extract among all extracts, which resulted in the most potent free radical scavenging activity revealed by the DPPH and FRAP assay. The roots and flowers showed the highest bergenin (3.36±0.22 mg/g dry weight) and quercetin (2.99±0.10 mg/g dry weight) content, respectively. In contrast, embelin was found only in the fruits. Interestingly, AE extracts significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, leading to inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusively, the results suggest the natural products of AE extracts as effective antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agents that can be utilized for food and pharmaceutical applications.
Assessment of clinical mental health counseling competencies for preparation programs
Authors: Lambie Glenn W. , Haugen Jaimie Stickl
Published: December 2021

The evaluation of clinical mental health counseling competencies is essential for preparation programs. Therefore, our article (a) reviews the developmental nature of counselors‐in‐training, (b) presents the importance of quality evaluation measures, (c) introduces the Assessment of Clinical Mental Health Counseling Competencies, and (d) offers implications for research and practice.
PROTOCOL: Residential energy efficiency interventions: An effectiveness systematic review
Authors: Berretta Miriam , Furgeson Joshua , Zamawe Collins , Hamilton Ian , Wu Yue , Ferraro Paul J. , Haddaway Neal , Eyers John
Published: December 2021

This review aims to identify, appraise and synthesise the evidence available on the effectiveness of energy efficiency measure installations, including those bundled with behavioural interventions. The synthesis will estimate the overall impact of these interventions as well as examine possible causes of variation in impacts. We will also attempt to assess the cost‐effectiveness of residential energy efficiency interventions.
A massively parallel speciation‐based differential evolution algorithm applied to the 3D‐AB protein structure prediction
Authors: Stubs Parpinelli Rafael , Boiani Mateus , Dias André E. P.
Published: December 2021

One of the most challenging problems in Bioinformatics is the finding of a protein conformation and it is known as the Protein Structure Prediction (PSP) problem. The main feature present in the AB off‐lattice model is the use of polarity as the main driving force to guide the optimization process. The present work proposes an adaptive evolutionary algorithm based on GPU that is applied to the 3D‐AB off‐lattice PSP problem. The proposed approach is named cuDSMjDE, and is composed of a Dynamic Speciation‐based Mutation Strategies Differential Evolution that employs the jDE mechanism to control F and CR parameters. A crowding strategy is also adopted, increasing competition between individuals and maintaining the diversity of solutions. All routines of the proposed algorithm are developed to run in GPU. During the experiments, eight Protein Data Bank sequences are employed. Results obtained concerning potential energy are competitive when compared with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. The use of a massively parallel architecture promoted the necessary scalability with speedups up to 708.78.
Volatile Compounds from Flowers of Elaeagnus x submacrophylla Servett.: Extraction, Identification of Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Parrot Isabelle , Bisi Hélène , Folliard Arnaud , Bonnard Michel
Published: December 2021

Beneficial to the ecosystem and with significant potential in permaculture, Elaeagnus x submacrophylla Servett. was studied here mainly for the identification of its floral odorants. After olfactory evaluation and determination of the volatile profile of freshly picked flowers by headspace/solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, an ethanolic extract was prepared and investigated for its antioxidant capacity. Unusual molecules were identified in the floral headspace, such as isochavicol or chrysanthemum acetate. The evaluation of the in vitro free radical scavenging capacity (from 0.4 to 1.3 mmol TE/g) and total phenolic content (65.1 mg GAE/g) of the extract pointed out a promising antioxidant activity, potentially related to the identification of several flavonoid glycosides. These results have to be considered in the context of the ever‐increasing need to produce innovative natural extracts with notably interesting claims for the cosmetic field.
Highly Dispersive Co@N‐C Catalyst as Freestanding Bifunctional Cathode for Flexible and Rechargeable Zinc–air Batteries
Authors: Ma Yu , Chen Ding , Li Weijun , Zheng Yapeng , Wang Lin , Shao Gang , Liu Qiao , Yang Weiyou
Published: December 2021

The design of efficient cathode with great cycle performance, high flexibility, and low cost is essential for the commercialization of zinc–air battery (ZAB). Herein, we report the exploration of freestanding bifunctional cathode with rationally designed structures, namely, tiny Co nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped carbon nanofiber aerogels, which have desired features including uniform Co dispersity, balanced distribution of N‐C species, hierarchically porous structure with increased fraction of meso‐ to micropores, and moderate amounts of defects. Accordingly, the as‐fabricated cathodes exhibit positive half‐wave potential of 0.82 V for oxygen reduction and small overpotential of 350 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution, respectively, which deliver smaller reversible oxygen electrode index (0.76 V) than the commercial Pt/C+RuO2 (0.80 V) and most Co‐based electrocatalysts ever reported. Impressively, the as‐constructed liquid rechargeable ZAB behaves high peak power density (160 mW cm−2), large specific capacity (759.7 mAh g−1 at 10 mA cm−2, tested after 120 h of OCV tests), and robust stability over 277 h. Moreover, the as‐assembled quasi‐solid‐state ZAB using such freestanding cathode represents excellent mechanical flexibility and outstanding cycle performance, regardless of being serviced under extremely bending conditions from 0° to 180°, underscoring their promising applications as durable bifunctional cathode for portable metal–air batteries.
Epitaxially Grown Ru Clusters–Nickel Nitride Heterostructure Advances Water Electrolysis Kinetics in Alkaline and Seawater Media
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Lu Ruihu , Shi Wenjie , Gong Lei , Chen Ding , Wang Pengyan , Chen Lei , Wu Jinsong , Mu Shichun , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2021

The epitaxial heterostructure can be rationally designed based on the in situ growth of two compatible phases with lattice similarity, in which the modulated electronic states and tuned adsorption behaviors are conducive to the enhancement of electrocatalytic activity. Herein, theoretical simulations first disclose the charge transfer trend and reinforced inherent electron conduction around the epitaxial heterointerface between Ru clusters and Ni3N substrate (cRu‐Ni3N), thus leading to the optimized adsorption behaviors and reduced activation energy barriers. Subsequently, the defect‐rich nanosheets with the epitaxially grown cRu‐Ni3N heterointerface are successfully constructed. Impressively, by virtue of the superiority of intrinsic activity and reaction kinetics, such unique epitaxial heterostructure exhibits remarkable bifunctional catalytic activity toward electrocatalytic OER (226 mV @ 20 mA cm−2) and HER (32 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) in alkaline media. Furthermore, it also shows great application prospect in alkaline freshwater and seawater splitting, as well as solar‐to‐hydrogen integrated system. This work could provide beneficial enlightenment for the establishment of advanced electrocatalysts with epitaxial heterointerfaces.
Do cold weather temperatures affect the efficacy of skin decontamination?
Authors: Thors Lina , Wästerby Pär , Wigenstam Elisabeth , Larsson Andreas , Öberg Linda , Bucht Anders
Published: December 2021

Skin decontamination in cold weather temperatures might be challenging due to the aggravating circumstances. However, no information is available on the efficacy of commonly used procedures in winter conditions. Therefore, the efficacy of the reactive skin decontamination lotion (RSDL) and soapy water decontamination following skin exposure to the nerve agent VX was evaluated at three ambient air temperatures (−5°C, −15°C and room temperature). Experiments were performed in vitro using human dermatomed skin. The ability of RSDL to degrade VX at the three different air temperatures was separately evaluated. The ambient air temperature in experiments without decontamination did not influence the penetration rate of VX through skin. RSDL decontamination was highly efficient in removing VX from skin when performed in all three ambient temperatures, despite the slower agent degradation rate of VX at the lower temperatures. Decontamination with soapy water at RT resulted in an increased skin penetration of VX compared with the control without decontamination; however, in colder temperatures the VX skin penetration was similar to the corresponding control without decontamination. At RT, dry removal prior to washing with soapy water did not improve decontamination of VX compared with washing solely with soapy water. This study demonstrated high efficacy of RSDL decontamination following skin exposure to VX also at cold temperatures. The previously reported ‘wash‐in’ effect of soapy water on VX skin penetration was reduced at cold temperatures. Altogether, this study found a scientific basis to establish guidelines for skin decontamination of chemical casualties at cold weather temperatures.
Carbazole‐based dual‐functional chemosensor: Colorimetric sensor for Co2+ and fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ and its application
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Xiaonan , Guo Changqing , Fang Min , Li Cun , Zhu Weiju
Published: December 2021

A new carbazole derivative CNS was prepared by the condensation of 2‐hydrazine benzothiazole with 3‐aldehyde‐6‐naphthalene‐N‐butyl carbazole, which could highly selectively discriminate Co2+ and Cu2+ in different solvent systems. CNS could enable the recognition of Co2+ by the “naked eye,” with the color changing from colorless to pale yellow in DMSO/H2O (v/v = 1:1). The addition of Cu2+ made the fluorescence emission intensity increase nearly 10 times, which was accompanied by a weak blue shift of the emission peak in CH3CN. Under the illumination of 365 nm ultraviolet lamp, the color of the CNS solution changed from light blue to dark blue after Cu2+ was added. The binding process could be reasonably speculated by spectrometric titrations, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The results of fluorescence electron microscopy showed that CNS could be used as a fluorescent sensor to detect Cu2+ in Hela cells. In addition, CNS was successfully used for the detection of Cu2+ in actual water samples.
Enhanced aquathermolysis of heavy oil catalysed by bentonite supportedFe(III)complex in the present of ethanol
Authors: Ma Liwa , Zhang Shu , Zhang Xiaolong , Dong Sanbao , Yu Tao , Slaný Michal , Chen Gang
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Previous research on the aquathermolysis of heavy oil has ignored the relationship between exogenous catalysts andin‐situinorganic minerals when the reaction temperature is high.

RESULTS

A series of bentonite‐supported transition metal complexes was synthesized and used in the aquathermolysis of heavy oil; among them, B@Fe(III)L was the most effective one. Under optimal conditions, 0.5% catalyst and 10% ethanol reacted at 250 °С for 4 h can reduce the viscosity of heavy oil by 84.5%. elemental analysis (EL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), group composition, and analysis show that the catalyst enhances the destruction process of resin and asphaltene, promotes the more complete cracking reaction of most macromolecular components, and increases the proportion of light fraction of heavy oil. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis also indicated that B@Fe(III)L can help to decrease the polar substances in heavy oil and reduce the aromaticity of polar substances.

CONCLUSION

The B@Fe(III)L prepared can enhance the destruction process of resin and asphaltene, promote the more complete cracking reaction of most macromolecular components, and increase the proportion of light fraction of heavy oil, thereby reducing the viscosity of heavy oil. Therefore, B@Fe(III)L can achieve efficientin‐situviscosity reduction, and this work promotes related research and applications in this field. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
(±)‐cis‐4a‐alkyl‐1,3,4,4a,9,9a‐hexahydro‐2H‐carbazol‐2‐ones by domino nitro reduction‐aza‐Michael addition to enones
Authors: Embrey Samuel J. , Barrios‐Perez Carlos , Bunce Richard A.
Published: December 2021

A domino nitro reduction‐aza‐Michael addition sequence has been investigated for α,β‐unsaturated ketones and compared with the analogous reaction for conjugated esters. As expected, six‐membered ring closures of ketones did not proceed as well as for esters (<60% vs. >85%) due to the greater inherent reactivity of the ketones. This problem was minimized by performing the cyclization at lower temperature for a shorter time. The process has been extended to a synthesis of (±)‐cis‐4a‐alkyl‐1,3,4,4a,9,9a‐hexahydro‐2H‐carbazol‐2‐ones with good yields (65%–86%). While the rigidity of the system and closure of the smaller five‐membered ring created some strain in the products, yields were acceptable. The cis ring junction resulted from axial attack to give a more stable chair‐like enol that tautomerized to the target heterocycle.