bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the adaptive potential of the cardiovascular system and some psychophysiological personality properties in medical students
Authors: Pavlova O. N. , Budaev A. I. , Gromova D. S. , Pavlenko S. I. , Makarova-Gorbacheva E. V. , Ivashchenko A. V.
Published: April 2024

Adaptive potential is an important indicator of the efficiency of the cardiovascular system. A possible cause of tension in adaptation processes may be situational anxiety, while the question of predictors of its occurrence and its impact on the cognitive abilities of medical students remains incompletely studied.

Purpose of the work: to study the relationship between indicators of adaptation of the cardiovascular system and the level of situational anxiety, as well as to analyze individual parameters of attention and social intelligence among second-year medical university students.

Object and methods. The study assessed the state of the cardiovascular system, the level of situational anxiety, the level of development of social intelligence and the level of attention in 22 students of both sexes. Results. Adaptation potential is 8.56±0.354 points, which indicates unsatisfactory adaptation of students. Analysis of the index of functional changes showed a satisfactory state of adaptation mechanisms, while 27% of students noted tension in the adaptation mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, which may indicate an excessive influence of stress factors on the functional capabilities of the body. In addition, correlations were identified between: IFI and the level of situational anxiety, situational anxiety and the level of development of social intelligence, and between the indicator of situational anxiety and the duration of work with Schulte tables.

Conclusions. The study made it possible to assess the state of students’ adaptation mechanisms and identify the reason for the tension of these mechanisms – the development of anxiety states.
Submission to Healthcare Ethics Committees in Portugal: Our Experience
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela , Sotana Carolina , Petriček Goranka , Azeredo Joana , Heleno Bruno
Published: April 2024

N/a.
Menciptakan Model Pasar Tradisional Sehat Di Bengkulu Ditinjau dari Persepsi Pedagang Pembeli dan Pengelola Pasar
Authors: Darwis  , Dihamri  , Roby Agung , Apriyanto Rahmat
Published: April 2024

Kondisi pasar tradisional di Bengkulu yang kurang baik menjadi alasan utama peneliti melakukan penelitianini, baik dari segi sanitasi masih terkendala seperti ketersediaan air yang tidak mencukupi dan sistempengelolaan sampah yang kurang baik. Selain itu, pasar yang tidak memperhatikan aspek kesehatan dapatmenjadi sumber perkembangan penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi pasar,persepsi pemberdayaan, dan bagaimana menciptakan model pasar yang sehat bagi para pedagang untukmeningkatkan kebersihan pada pasar tradisional di kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodekualitatif dan kuantitatif (mix method) dengan pendekatan deskriptif fenomenologi. Narasumber penelitiandipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling di pasar Barukoto dan pasar Panorama, yang terdiri dari pengelolapasar, pedagang, dan pembeli. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 45 pedagang, 40 pembeli, dan 11 pengelola.Penelitian ini mendapatkan berbagai persepsi tentang kondisi higienis dan sanitasi pasar tradisional diBengkulu. Secara umum, masyarakat pasar (pedagang, pembeli, dan pengelola) di pasar Panorama merasa lebihdominan dalam hal kepuasan terhadap kondisi kebersihan dan sanitasi pasar. Dari 26 aspek persepsi penilaian,hampir setengahnya (47%) menilai cukup, dianggap baik, 37% merasa kurang dari 15%. Masyarakat PasarBarukoto memiliki persepsi yang kurang dalam pengelolaan sampah terhadap ketersediaan sarana pembuangansampah, akibatnya sampah menumpuk dan berserakan di lokasi-lokasi tertentu. Padahal persepsi sebagian besarmasyarakat pasar bahwa sistem pengelolaan sampah di Pasar Barukoto sudah baik dan memuaskan.
Description of Trajectories of an Evolution Operator Generated by Mosquito Population
Authors:   Tashkent International University of Financial Management and Technology, Boxonov Z. S.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study discrete-time dynamical systems generated by the evolution operator of mosquito population. An invariant set is found and a Lyapunov function with respect to the operator is constructed in this set. Using the Lyapunov function, the global attraction of a fixed point is proved. Moreover, we give some biological interpretations of our results.
ROLE OF THE GALECTIN-3 MARKER IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors:   Voronezh State Medical University, SHEVTSOVA VERONIKA I. , PASHKOVA ANNA A. ,   Voronezh State Medical University, KOLPACHEVA MARINA G. ,   Voronezh State Medical University, KUPRIYANOVA ARINA A. ,   Voronezh State Medical University, SALAMATOVA VALERIYA N. ,   Voronezh State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Over decades, chronic heart failure has remained one of the most pressing health problems in most developed countries, including the Russian Federation. New methods are being actively developed and implemented to enable early diagnosis and stratiﬁcation of the heart failure risk. A particular importance is attached to the search for heart failure markers that allow very accurately predicting the course of the disease. In recent years, galectin-3 is a novel heart-failure biomarker. Aim. This study was aimed at analyzing the modern scientiﬁc research and publications dealing with the role of galectin-3 in heart failure pathogenesis and with the possibility of using it as a biomarker. Material and Methods. Russian and foreign literary sources were analyzed, related to the issues under study over the years 2002-2023. Results and Discussion. Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin that is secreted in human tissue by macrophages. Galectin-3 is an important factor in the heart failure pathophysiology, mainly because of its role in remodeling the heart ventricles, due to the activation of ﬁbroblasts for collagen secretion, which is excessively deposited around cardiomyocytes. Various studies were conducted that had demonstrated a positive correlation between the galectin-3 level and the heart damage degree, particularly its left ventricle. Studying patients with chronic heart failure and frailty also showed a positive relationship between the galectin-3 level and the frailty severity. Sarcopenic obesity in patients suﬀering from chronic heart failure signiﬁcantly worsens their prognosis. Conclusions. Analysis of available literature data allows us to consider galectin-3 a structurally unique and functionally important compound expressed by various tissues and cells of the body. Galectin-3 level in plasma positively correlates with the severity of changes in the heart structure and functions. Thus, galectin-3 may be a promising biomarker of chronic heart failure occurrence and progression.
ANALYSIS OF THE AVAILABLE SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS FOR INJECTABLES USED IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, ABDULLINA YULIA A. , KABANOVA ANASTASIA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, HAYATOV AYRAT R. ,   Meditsinskaya tekhnika i farmatsiya Tatarstana, EGOROVA SVETLANA N. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines are widely used in pediatric hospitals and occupy leading positions in terms of the number of packages in purchases. Injectables are prescribed to children in reduced volumes, as compared to adults. In this regard, it is relevant to study the solvents and diluents available for parenteral administration of drugs in terms of packaging types and reduced volumes for use in pediatrics in the domestic pharmaceutical market. Aim of the study is to analyze the available solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines, such as water for injection, isotonic solutions of sodium chloride, Ringer, and Ringer lactate, on the Russian pharmaceutical market and in a multidisciplinary children’s hospital. Material and Methods. Objects of the study were data from the State Register of Medicines of Russia, the requisition slips of Medical Devices and Pharmacy of Tatarstan for medicines shipped from a warehouse to the Republic Clinical Children’s Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2022, the price lists for medicines of pharmaceutical wholesalers (September 2023), and the data from scientiﬁc publications. Results and Discussion. The data obtained indicate that the regional pharmaceutical market has about twice as many options for the supply of medicinal solvents and diluents than in a children’s multidisciplinary hospital, and this allows expanding the range of this group of medicines. It can be assumed that pharmaceutical industrial enterprises do not produce a full range of options for the volume of primary packaging of solvents and diluents registered in the State Register of Medicines. Conclusions. In Russia, reduced volumes (20-30 ml) of 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% glucose, Ringer, and Ringer lactate solutions in vials for intravenous drip administration in pediatric practice are neither registered nor produced. The depth coeﬃcient of the assortment of the studied solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines in relation to the volume of primary packaging in a children’s multidisciplinary hospital is 0.102. This indicates the need for medical organizations to consider the possibilities of the pharmaceutical market when drawing up applications for the supply of medicines.
ANALYZING THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE DIFFERENCES IN THE RESULTS OF COMPUTING THE ORAL TOXIC AND LETHAL DOSES OF DRUGS BY THEIR CONCENTRATION IN URINE
Authors:   Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination, Moscow, VОLKOVA ALLA A. , KАLEKIN ROMAN A. ,   Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination, Moscow, ORLOVA ALEVTINA M. ,   Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination, Moscow, PAVLOVA ALBINA Z. ,   Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination, Moscow, PAVLOV ANDREY L. ,   Tsaritsyno Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled, Moscow
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Quetiapine belongs to psychotropic drugs, i. e., neuroleptics, and is an antipsychotic. With oral narcotic, potent, and psychotropic substances, in case of suspected intentional or unintentional poisoning, the determining factor is the dosage amount of the substance taken by the suﬀerer, which allows assuming the use of a toxic or lethal dose. In this case, the investigative authorities can be assisted by the ﬁndings obtained in forensic-chemical or chemical-toxicological investigations. Aim. With consideration to certain factors, developing a methodological approach to calculating the doses of narcotic, psychotropic, and potent substances that have been orally (per os) administered to the suﬀerer, and testing the said approach within a case study. Materials and Methods. We studied the active substance quetiapine contained in pharmaceutical drugs. Biological objects studied were the liver, femoral vein blood, and urine taken from the corpse of a 24-year-old normosthenic person died of acute quetiapine poisoning. Forensic chemical examination of biological objects aimed at identifying quetiapine qualitatively and quantitatively was performed using conventional procedures. Results and Discussion. A methodological approach is proposed to calculate the doses of narcotic, psychotropic, and potent substances administered orally to the suﬀerers, considering certain factors and using a case study, in which quetiapine was detected in urine quantitatively. The analysis of six factors is presented, aﬀecting the results of calculating the theoretical dose of the drug taken. Conclusions. A formula is proposed for calculating the theoretical dose with the relative error of the results obtained, not exceeding 28%.
ANALYSIS OF THE NICOTINE ADDICTION STAGE AND SECONDHAND SMOKE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE SEVERITY IN SMOKING WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, DZYUBAILO ANNA V. , LOTKOV VYACHESLAV S. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Introduction. We studied the nicotine addiction stage and secondhand smoke interrelationships with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity in smokers of reproductive age. Aim of the study was to research in the nicotine addiction and secondhand smoke impact upon the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity in smoking women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods. Using the questionnaire methodology developed, the nicotine addiction stage was analyzed in reproductive women with and without secondhand smoke (based on questionnaire survey outcomes). There were 107 smoking female patients of reproductive age divided into two groups: Those with secondhand smoke and those without it. Observational group consisted of 42 non-smoking women without any chronic diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was diagnosed based on the clinical recommendations of the Russian Respiratory Society (2021). The data obtained during the study were analyzed followed by the comparison of the outcomes between the groups of smoking patients with secondhand and non-secondhand smoking, against the observational group. The outcomes led us to determine whether there is a statistically signiﬁcant relationship between secondhand smoke and nicotine addiction stage in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The reliability of the outcomes was assessed using the methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics. Before using all statistical research methods, we checked whether the sampling complied with the Gaussian (normal) distribution law. Variables that did not obey the normal distribution law or those with the uncertain distribution law were analyzed using a nonparametric statistical method, i. e., Pearson criterion. Results and Discussion. Average age of the smoking patients is 26.5 years. Average index of smokers was 6.59 pack-years. The smokers’ index exceeded the middle of the indicator contributing to the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development (10 pack – years), which is typical for a young age and their smoking experience. It was found that the nicotine addiction stage correlates with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity with a statistically signiﬁcant reliability. Conclusions. Secondhand smoke in addition to active smoking, reduces the temporal characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity.
CHARACTERIZING THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PARTS IN USERS OF ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors:   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, KAZARIN DANIIL D. , SHKLYAEV ALEKSEJ Е. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, PANTYUHINA ANGELINA S. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, DUDAREV VALERI M. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, GALIHANOVA YULIYA I. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Using electronic nicotine delivery systems has shown a steady growth in recent years, especially among young people. Researchers and professionals are also interested in what consequences the use of such systems may have, but most studies deal with respiratory system. Aim. The aim is to clarify the electrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract parts in users of electronic nicotine delivery systems. Materials and Methods. 35 people of both sexes were examined, divided into two comparable groups: The study group consisted of 17 people regularly using electronic nicotine delivery systems, and the comparator group consisted of 18 practically healthy individuals. All study participants were surveyed using the quality-of-life questionnaire in Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, clinical laboratory testing of blood and stool was performed, feces were tested for occult blood; and endoscopy, video colonoscopy, and electrogastroenterography were performed. The ﬁndings are presented as median (Me), as well as the ﬁrst and the third quartiles (Q1; Q3). The signiﬁcance of diﬀerences in groups was assessed using the Mann–Whitney test for independent quantitative variables. Diﬀerences were considered signiﬁcant at p≤0.05. Results and Discussion. All individuals examined in the study group had signiﬁcantly higher scores for gastroenterological symptoms on all syndrome scales of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. Disturbances are shown in the electrical activity and frequency of contractions of hollow gastrointestinal organs in individuals using electronic cigarettes. Conclusions. Systematic consumption of nicotine-containing liquids via electronic nicotine delivery systems forms a speciﬁc variant of functional gastrointestinal diseases, expressed in electrophysiological disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, which is reﬂected in clinical symptoms.
PROBABILITY OF NICOTINE ADDICTION DEVELOPMENT IN SMOKING FEMALE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, DEPENDING ON SMOKING HISTORY AND THE NUMBER OF CIGARETTES SMOKED
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, LOTKOV VYACHESLAV S. , DZYUBAILO ANNA V. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Introduction. This paper presents the results of assessing the likelihood of developing nicotine addiction, depending on smoking history and on the number of cigarettes smoked per day by women of fertile age. The aim is to establish the prognostic probability of nicotine addiction development in smokers, depending on smoking history and on the number of cigarettes smoked. Materiаls and Methods. The prospective study included 107 smoking female patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and nicotine addiction of diﬀerent stages (hereinafter referred to as nicotine addiction). The patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on their secondhand smoke: 53 smoking patients with and 54 smoking patients without secondhand smoke. The observational group consisted of 42 non-smoking women without any chronic diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was diagnosed based on the clinical recommendations of the Russian Respiratory Society (2021). Reliability of the outcomes was assessed using the methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics. Prior to the application of all statistical research methods, we checked whether our sam- pling complied with the Gaussian (normal) distribution law. The distribution law was described using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov and Lilliefors normality criteria, and a single-sample Shapiro-Wilco normality test. Nonlinear links of binary features with quantitative or qualitative features were evaluated using logistic regression. Logistic regression analysis made it possible to create a statistical model for predicting the probability of an event based on available data. Results and Discussion. With an average smoking activity of 14 cigarettes per day, the onset of nicotine addiction in the ﬁrst group (a combination of active and secondhand smoke) began with the smoking experience of 12 years, reaching the maximum probability with the experience of 15 years. In the second group, nicotine addiction appeared and reached its maximum (100 %) four years later than in the ﬁrst group. With an increase in the number of cigarettes up to 16 per day, an identical pattern was observed within the course of earlier nicotine addiction. Conclusions. Secondhand smoke, in addition to active smoking, increases the nicotine load with the development of more pronounced prerequisites for the pathogenetic processes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development.
LIFE QUALITY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS ACCORDING TO THE PRESENCE OF TYPE D PERSONALITY
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, MUTALOVA ELVIRA G. , GALYAUTDINOVA VELENA R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, KAMALTDINOVA GULNARA J. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, SAMIGULLINA LIANA I. ,   Bashkir State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Type D personality, or distress personality, i. e., a combination of negative aﬀectivity and social inhibition, as well as poor life quality, are considered the predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, there is insuﬃcient data on the role of Type D personality as a determinant of life quality in myocardial infarction patients. Aim is to assess the Q-positive myocardial infarction patients’ life quality and its association with Type D personality. Materials and Methods. The study included 158 patients aged 58.2±2.5 years, who were admitted to the hospital for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed in accordance with the Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Society of Cardiology, 2020. Пациентам анализируемых групп проведено определение общеклинических параметров, психологическое тестирование с применением оценочных шкал тревоги и депрессии, опросников DS-14 и SF-36. Patients of the groups studied were tested for general clinical parameters and psychological characteristics using anxiety and depression rating scales, DS-14 and SF-36 questionnaires. Individuals with and without Type D personality were identiﬁed in the group of myocardial infarction patients. Results and Discussion. Type D personality was detected in 29.1% of myocardial infarction patients. In this group, an unfavorable psychological proﬁle is noted: Their negative excitability, social suppression, depression, and personal/situational anxiety levels are higher than in the group without Type D personality. In patients with myocardial infarction and Type D personality, a lower quality of life and a decrease in the integral indicators of physical and psychologic components. Conclusions. Type D personality was proven to provide an adverse eﬀect on the life quality in myocardial infarction patients. Cardiac rehabilitation programs should include interventions to reduce the Type D personality traits, especially social inhibition.
BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF FIBROGENESIS IN PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS PATIENTS
Authors:   Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, SHEPELKOVA GALINA S. , EVSTIFEEV VLADIMIR V. ,   Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, ADAMOVSKAYA EVGENIA N. ,   Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, SHMELEV EVGENIY I. ,   Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, YEREMEEV VLADIMIR V. ,   Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary ﬁbrosis still lacks biomarkers to predict progression. Whole-genome association studies and other genetic research over the past few years have identiﬁed several single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with an increased risk of developing pulmonary ﬁ brosis. In sarcoidosis, relatively reliable predictors of the disease activity include serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and chitotriosidase. Levels of inetrleukin-5 and, possibly, interleukin-7 were found to be elevated in patients with a ﬁbrotic phenotype. Aim. In the present study, we sought to ﬁnd the relationship between serum non- coding RNA- microRNA expression in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and the likelihood of pulmonary ﬁbrosis developing in these patients. Materials and Methods. A total of 52 research subjects (sarcoidosis patients with/without ﬁbrosis and healthy subjects) were included in the study. RNA samples from two groups of sarcoidosis patients (with and without ﬁbrosis) and the control group were analyzed using the PCR Array. TaqMan QRT-PCR Assay was used for data veriﬁcation. Results and Discussion. A signiﬁcant decrease in the lung diﬀusion capacity was detected in 12 of 15 patients with chest-CT ﬁbrosis signs. Lung diﬀusion capacity was normal in 17 patients without any ﬁbrosis signs. There was a signiﬁcant negative correlation among miR-15a, miR-150, and the level of lung diﬀusion capacity. Сonclusions. A set of non-coding RNA- microRNAs, i. e., miR-15a, miR-22, miR-106b, miR-107, and miR-150, was identiﬁed that can be further used as diagnostic markers for sarcoidosis ﬁbrosis.
HIV- AND TUBERCULOSIS-ASSOCIATED PERICARDITIS
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, BORODULINA ELENA A. , ZHILINSKAYA KRISTINA V. ,   Samara State Medical University, TALAGAEV DANIIL A. ,   Samara State Medical University, SHERSTNEV ANTON V. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: April 2024

Introduction. HIV infection, despite the measures taken, continues to spread throughout the world. Unfavorable course of diseases is often determined by some concomitant pathologies. Among HIV-infected patients, tuberculosis is the most common disease forming the comorbid condition named “TB/HIV” that reaches more than a half of all the cases of newly diagnosed tuberculosis in some regions of Russia. In recent years, due to the increase in the HIV- infected patients’ life expectancy based on antiretroviral therapy, cardiovascular diseases, such as primarily infectious pericarditis, are gradually beginning to hold a signiﬁcant place. Aim: To select and analyze publications dealing with HIV- and tuberculosis-associated infectious pericarditis. Materials and Methods. A systematic search was conducted for publications that examined possible associations between pericardial damage, HIV infection and tuberculosis. A search of publications was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, www.pubmed.gov; MEDLINE, www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov; and Russian scientiﬁc database eLibrary, https://www.elibrary.ru. Preference was given to meta-analyses or systematic reviews, and studies with duplicate materials were excluded from the analysis. Results and Discussion. Publications on the epidemiology of infectious pericarditis associated with HIV infection and tuberculosis in the world and Russia are presented by authors from diﬀerent countries; both the human immunodeﬁciency virus and mycobacterium tuberculosis are important for the development of pericarditis. Tuberculous pericarditis, being a rare manifestation of tuberculosis, usually reﬂects the severity of the disease and an unfavorable prognosis. In cases of unexplained pericardial eﬀusion, it is advisable to include testing for HIV infection in the diﬀerential diagnosis plan. Conclusions. Diagnosis of pericarditis requires a multidisciplinary approach; late diagnosis has an unfavorable prognosis.
CARDIOMYOCYTE APOPTOSIS AS A DEVELOPMENT FACTOR OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors:   Crimean Federal University, ZAKHARYAN ELENA A. , SHRAMKO IULIANA I. ,   Crimean Federal University, ARZUMANYAN ANI M. ,   Crimean Federal University, GOLOVINA EKATERINA R. ,   Crimean Federal University
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Coronary heart disease is a common pathology, playing a key role in cardiovascular mortality. Damage of circulatory system aﬀects people of all ages, including the active population, which provides an adverse impact on the socio-economic state of society. In this research, we analyzed the processes of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and their eﬀects on myocardial ischemic damage. Aim was to identify the role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the development of coronary heart disease. Materials and Methods. A meta-analysis of 50 literary sources was performed in the PubMed database over the past 11 years. Results and Discussion. Meta-analysis has demonstrated that prevention of cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an extremely important therapeutic goal today. Ischemia/reperfusion, exercise- induced hypertrophy, and post-infarct myocardial remodeling are associated with myocyte apoptosis. This indicates that current treatments proven eﬀective in these diseases may interfere with apoptosis. Conclusions. Studying apoptosis and its regulation is important for both understanding the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and developing new therapeutic approaches. Apoptosis, i. e., controlled cell death, is of great importance in cardiac pathology. For instance, it plays a key role in ischemia/reperfusion, myocardial hypertrophy, and post-infarct remodeling. Key words: ischemic heart disease, apoptosis, cardiomyocytes.
A Rapid MRI Protocol for the Evaluation of Acute Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections
Authors: Chan Kyle S. , McBride Daniel , Wild Jacob , Kwon Soyang , Samet Jonathan , Gibly Romie F.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Acute musculoskeletal infection affects >1 in 6,000 children in the United States annually. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal infection, but it traditionally requires contrast and anesthesia for children, delaying management. A rapid MRI protocol involves MRI without anesthesia and with limited non-contrast sequences optimized for fluid detection and diffusion-weighted images to identify abscesses. We hypothesized that a rapid MRI protocol would improve imaging and treatment efficiency for pediatric patients undergoing musculoskeletal infection evaluation without substantially affecting accuracy.

Methods:

This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients undergoing evaluation for musculoskeletal infection before (60 patients in the traditional cohort [TC]) and after (68 patients in the rapid cohort [RC]) implementation of the rapid MRI protocol. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were extracted from electronic health records, and statistical comparisons were performed.

Results:

The anesthesia rates were 53% for the TC and 4% for the RC, and the contrast administration rates were 88% for the TC and 0% for the RC. The median time to MRI after ordering was 6.5 hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0 to 8.6 hours) for the TC and 2.2 hours (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6 hours) for the RC (p < 0.01). The median duration of MRI was 63.2 minutes (95% CI, 56.8 to 69.6 minutes) for the TC and 24.0 minutes (95% CI, 21.1 to 29.5 minutes) for the RC (p < 0.01). The median hospital length of stay was 5.3 days (95% CI, 3.7 to 6.9 days) for the TC and 3.7 days (95% CI, 1.9 to 4.1 days) for the RC (p < 0.01). The median hospital charges were $47,309 (95% CI, $39,137 to $58,769) for the TC and $32,824 (95% CI, $22,865 to $45,339) for the RC (p < 0.01). Only 2 positive cases of musculoskeletal infection in the RC were missed on the initial imaging, but these instances were not attributable to the rapid protocol itself. Although 10 of 68 rapid MRI scans resulted in nondiagnostic outcomes due to patient motion, only 6 of 68 required repeat MRI with anesthesia.

Conclusions:

In patients evaluated for musculoskeletal infection, the rapid MRI protocol eliminated contrast and minimized anesthesia while improving MRI access and decreased scan and interpretation times, hospital length of stay, and hospital charges. The rapid MRI protocol had high sensitivity for diagnosing musculoskeletal infection and a low rate of imaging failure.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Workflow for Direct Pore-Scale Simulation of Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Curves with Hysteresis at Low Capillary Numbers
Authors: Jettestuen E. , Aursjø O. , Helland J. O. , Vinningland J. L. , Hiorth A.
Published: April 2024

We propose an efficient workflow to estimate relative permeability and capillary pressure curves directly from pore-scale images for capillary dominated flows. In this workflow, we use a method to determine saturation configurations, and by coupling these configurations to a single-phase lattice Boltzmann fluid flow solver, we can impose higher order boundary conditions at the phase interfaces and avoid spurious currents and phase mixing. This removes some of the common drawbacks when employing multiphase fluid solvers: it improves numerical accuracy, and it increases the computational speed, compared to full two-phase simulations.
Linear Regression with Regularization for Well Flow Rate Back Allocation
Authors: Ellingsen Kjetil
Published: April 2024

Well flow rate back allocation is the estimation of how much individual wells contribute to the total flows out of a process. It is essential for the oil and gas industry. The allocated rates are used for production optimization, reservoir management, placement of new wells and distribution of revenue between stakeholders.

To obtain good allocation is often difficult and production engineers spend much time on it. Well tests may lead to production losses, and needed instrumentation can be expensive. This article describes a new method for well flow rate back allocation. Available well sensors are used as input to a linear regression with regularization model. The model is trained to match the total flows out of the process and is constructed such that it is possible to extract the individual well flow rates. Model results are presented both for simulated and real field data. It is shown that for some cases results can be excellent without any well testing, whereas for others one needs far fewer well tests than with traditional methods. Other advantages are that it is cheap to implement and can succeed where traditional methods fail.
Evaluation of Casing - Cement Debonding: Correlation Between Acoustic Logging, X-Ray Imaging and Leakage Rate
Authors: Feneuil B. , Wiggen E. , Stenebråten J. F. , Opedal N. , Larsen I. , Skorpa R.
Published: April 2024

Annulus barrier materials are an essential component of Oil & Gas wells to prevent fluid migration across geological layers. When a well is prepared to be plugged, evaluation of the integrity of the barrier is essential to decide whether the annulus materials can be left as such, or must be repaired or replaced. To support quantitative evaluation of the cement annulus, we have designed a laboratory-scale experimental setup, where we evaluate casing-cement debonding by acoustic logging, X-ray imaging and flow experiments.

The main novelty of this experimental setup is that it allows for cement-casing evaluation with three different techniques. (1) We use Pulse-Echo ultrasonic logging tool. (2) We use an X-ray Computed tomography scanner to obtain images of the cement with a resolution of 30 or 12 μm. (3) We measure the gas permeability of the samples. Gas-permeability measurements evaluate the risk of leakage across the cement sample, it provides an estimation of the average thickness of debonding (microannulus). However, the debonding may not be uniform at the surface of the casing. Acoustic logging measurement and X-ray images are used to obtain insights on the morphology of the microannulus. In addition to these three evaluation techniques, the setup allows for the application of thermal loads in the casing by circulation cold or hot fluid.

In this paper, we present the setup and give examples of results for all three measurements techniques. First, we show the observations in the reference state, i.e., before temperature loading. Then, we perform temperature cycling from room temperature to −20°C, and we measure how the casing-cement interface is affected by thermal loading. The goal of this setup is to provide experimental data about the geometry of microannulus formed by thermal cycling. The results can be used as input for models to predict leakage in full-scale wells. In addition, this work will support an improved interpretation of acoustic logging tools for quantitative evaluation of casing-cement debonding.
An Overview of the Fundamental Differences in Performance Between Density-Based and Viscosity-Based Autonomous Inflow Control Technologies
Authors: Killie R. , Grüner V.
Published: April 2024

Being part of the lower completion, viscosity-based autonomous inflow control technologies utilize viscosity contrasts to distinguish between wanted and unwanted reservoir fluids. Since the first installation on the Norwegian Troll field in 2008, such technologies have proven extremely successful in preventing excessive inflow of unwanted gas in oil wells. They can also stop water in oil wells, provided that the viscosity contrast between oil and water is sufficient to give a meaningful operational envelope. It is, however, important to fully understand the limitations of viscosity-based technologies when used to control water. In general, the viscosity-based technologies do not depend on viscosity alone, but rather on the Reynolds number, which in turn depends on velocity. In other words, the performance of these technologies is a function of the well's local inflow rate, which will change over time. If the local oil rate is high, the Reynolds number is also high, which may be interpreted as low-viscosity water, inadvertently causing the technology to choke back the oil flow instead. Furthermore, if one device closes inside a well compartment with multiple devices, it may lead to higher oil rate through the other devices and set up a chain reaction, such that they all end up closing or choking, thereby imposing a large pressure drop across the lower completion in that compartment.The Reynolds number does not depend on viscosity and velocity alone, but also on fluid density. For this reason, suppliers of viscosity-based technologies sometimes emphasize that their technology is also density-based. This can be misleading because technologies that depend exclusively on density, do not suffer the same disadvantages. The working principle of density-based technologies is typically insensitive to flow rate, viscosity and Reynolds number, which means that they can stop inflow of water even in light-oil wells with small or non-existing viscosity contrast. At least one of the density-based technologies can close and reopen at any pre-defined phase fraction of unwanted fluid. Furthermore, the density-based technologies allow high flow capacity and low pressure drop in open position combined with high choking efficiency in closed position. This allows choking of watered-out zones without the risk of excessive and premature choking of oil from the same zones.In a constructed case study, the performance of density-based and viscosity-based technologies is compared for a given well compartment with multiple inflow control devices. For the viscosity-based technologies, it is illustrated how the risk of the above-mentioned chain reaction increases with decreasing local productivity, and how the operational envelope of each device might become too limited if the viscosity contrast is small and the geological uncertainty large.
Soft Sensor Fusion Model for Multi-Annuli Temperature and Pressure Monitoring in Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Semwogerere David , Sangesland Sigbjørn , Pavlov Alexey , Colombo Danilo
Published: April 2024

Subsea wellhead design has always rendered the B annulus on subsea wells inaccessible for monitoring. One of the leading causes of sustained casing pressure especially inside the B-annulus during production is annular pressure buildup as a result of thermal expansion of the annulus fluid. Without the ability to bleed this pressure off, casing failure ensues in the form of collapsed production casing or burst intermediate casing. Such failures lead to catastrophic well integrity loss consequences documented in several literature. In this work we introduce a model for monitoring the temperature in the A and B annulus without installing sensors in either annulus. This monitoring consequently gives an indication of the pressure change due to thermal expansion in the annuli and allows safer production and increased life of the well. Real-time temperature measurements are taken from a sensor installed in the production tubing, a soft sensor model that uses heat transfer thermodynamics and sensor fusion data analytics then uses this tubing temperature measurement to reconstruct the temperature and pressure in the A and B annulus. The results show that the model correctly predicts the temperature and pressure in both the A-annulus and the B-annulus. For subsea wells, this dismisses the need for a physical sensor in the B-annulus as suggested in some literature. Improved well integrity, reduced sensor installation and intervention costs and longer well life are the benefits of the system.
Analysis of All-Electric Subsea Gate Valve Designs and System Overview
Authors: Ahmadli M. , Gjersvik T. B. , Sangesland S. , Reynes and C.
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of all-electric subsea gate valve designs offered by a range of manufacturers within the context of the subsea production systems. The scope of the analysis includes a detailed technical examination of the actuation designs, mechanisms, and corresponding technologies. The aim of the analysis is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the technical details and specifications of these valves and their critical role in contributing to energy transition. The analysis is conducted through a systematic examination of multiple all-electric subsea gate valve actuator designs. We carried out technical evaluation methods (detailed examination, technical criteria, performance metrics, and consistency), going through components, actuation mechanisms, operational efficiency, and safety. Comparative assessments are made regarding energy efficiency, safety and reliability, and design complexity. This paper contributes novel technical insights by conducting an in-depth analysis of all- electric subsea gate valve designs, emphasizing their technical complexities, and evaluating their potential within the energy industry. It contributes to the current literature by providing a comprehensive overview of these technologies and their implications for subsea production systems.
Ensemble-Based Proactive Optimization using a Reactive Strategy for ICV Control
Authors: Sutoyo H. R. D. , Bellout M. C. , Hånes M. , Oliveira R.
Published: April 2024

Interval Control Valves (ICVs) are widely used to control fluid flow in producers and injectors. These devices help increase recovery throughout a field's lifespan by enabling effective drainage of reservoir zones. Suitable control methodologies are essential to ensure effective application of this technology in field cases. This paper introduces a workflow for assisting ICV operation based on a rule-based control criteria applied over an ensemble of models and how the optimal control targets can be found by putting these targets as control variables in ensemble optimization.

The proposed methodology is developed to assist engineers in planning ICV operations using ensemble-based reservoir simulation. The inclusion of multiple realizations in the procedure ensures that a proper representation of uncertainty is considered in the development of the ICV operational plan. The methodology implements a rule-based control concept performing the following steps: (1) check whether the control criteria are satisfied, (2) modify the ICV setting, (3) advance the simulation a given small time step, followed by returning to (1) to check whether the criteria are satisfied. On top of this, a gradient-based optimization is performed that uses an ensemble-based stochastic approximation of the derivative. The controls of the optimization are the individual values of the target parameters used in step (1), and the objective of the optimization is to maximize hydrocarbon the ensemble mean oil recovery.

The methodology is applied on a synthetic reservoir model with ten realizations. The case studied involves five producers and two water injectors. One ICV each is installed on four of the producers, while the fifth producer consists of two laterals with one ICV in each branch. The rule-based control ensures that each individual producer’s water-cut limit is fulfilled for every realization, while the optimization ensures the optimal values of the limits are found. This approach provides a way to efficiently operate ICVs given reservoir uncertainty. Two definitions for the water-cut limit are tested. Results for this simple case study yield 5% increase in mean oil recovery across the ensemble.
MARINO – Maria Integrated Network Optimizer
Authors: Milicevic Monika , Kronberger Peter
Published: April 2024

The Maria field setup allows easy access to real-time data, which may be used for production optimization through ad-hoc analysis, or automatic updating of tools like Prosper and GAP with its visualization opportunities. By utilizing this potential, various workflows such as optimization of gas lift, water injection, and general production system may be performed. Introduction of advanced analytics with the help of physical models from the IPM Suite and connection via OpenServer to real-time data reduces the work spent on data cleansing and preparation and increases the production by optimizing the Maria integrated network. To implement and achieve all the above, the MARINO (MARia Integrated Network Optimizer) tool was developed. The MARINO prototype consists of two different spreadsheet workbooks: The Well Test Excel, which involves the connection with nodal analysis software and focuses on well models update and validation. The second workbook is the Optimizer Excel, which involves the connection to a network simulator and focuses on the production network model update and validation as well as gas lift optimization and VLP/IPR visualization.

The novelty of the approach consists in connecting three different available software packages: Real time data source, nodal analysis, and network simulator via OpenServer. The goal is to use already existing tools that are familiar to users and automates the process between real time data, well modelling, and finally production optimization of the entire network.
Mitigating Early Water and Gas Breakthrough: Autonomous Inflow Control Valve Applications in the Balder Field
Authors: Luciani I. , Wiranda W. , Samosir H. , Aagrav H. , Molstre Ø. , Ismail I. Mohd
Published: April 2024

The Balder field is typically completed with long, horizontal wells. In the initial development of the field the wells were typically completed with stand-alone screens (SAS), in later developments they were completed with nozzle inflow control devices (ICD), and recently with autonomous inflow control devices (AICD) to mitigate early water breakthrough. The purpose of this study is to assess the implementation of autonomous inflow control valves (AICV) to further mitigate unwanted fluid production and enhance the long-term oil recovery in the field.

The study employed numerical reservoir simulation tools and static wellbore simulators to model the Balder field. Simulations were performed both on a sector model around the target well, to reduce simulation time, and on the full-field reservoir model. Two different dynamic reservoir simulators were used. Reservoir simulation tools were used to compare a base case scenario of SAS completion with AICVs. AICV wells require proper compartmentalization, and 3, 5, and 7 compartment scenarios were considered.

Simulation results show how the AICV completion retains the reservoir pressure in the initial years of production compared to the SAS. This leads to a significant reduction in early gas breakthrough, reducing the overall gas production. Moreover, the water production after breakthrough was also reduced. Water and gas production is reduced more by having more compartments, which indicates that proper isolation of the wellbore is key to optimize the production of a well. The simulation results from a hydrodynamic sector model aligned with the full field model, and the near wellbore model reproducing observed pressure drop across the AICVs assessing the robustness of the workflow for device modeling in simulators.

The study provides a workflow for performing dynamic reservoir simulations using AICV completion. It covers how compartmentalization affects the overall productivity of a well, and how AICVs work for optimizing the inflow from the reservoir to an oil well. Moreover, the study analyzes the impact of the reservoir model grid size on the lower completion evaluation. Important design decisions are based on physics in the reservoir and can be applied to other fields.
RETRACTED: A room with a view? Using virtual reality-based eye tracking and GIS to investigate the ancient domestic space
Authors: Campanaro Danilo Marco , Landeschi Giacomo
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.