bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apples, Oranges, Vanilla, and Myths: Adolescents’ Discourse on Alcohol and Substance Use in Kenya
Authors: Musyoka Catherine Mawia , Okunoren Oladoyin , Klein Elizabeth K. , Byansi William , Amulundu Maurice Kalande , Mathai Muthoni , Crea Thomas M
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose: Alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUD) are highly prevalent among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa and co-occur with mental health disorders. This study aims to understand the adolescents’ awareness about and attitudes towards ASUD and mental health literacy, with the long-term goal of informing the development of a sustainable intervention.
Methods: An exploratory qualitative study included 144 adolescents (aged 15-19) in 12 focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants were purposely sampled from three informal settlements in Nairobi and Kiambu counties in Kenya. Separate FGDs were conducted for boys and girls in two age groups (15-17 and 18-19). FGDs were audio recorded, transcribed, and translated into English when needed and analyzed using deductive thematic content analysis.
Results: Adolescents demonstrated both knowledge of facts and “myths” about mental health and ASUD. They believed ASUDs were significant community problems but at the same time perceived options that some substances like shisha (Hookah) as harmless. They also acknowledge that environmental factors, like financial and social pressures, increase the risk of ASUD. Adolescents made the connection that family members’ alcohol and substance use (ASU) and easy accessibility of alcohol and other substances of abuse in the community present a further risk for substance use. Adolescents highlighted that future interventions should include mental health and substance use education (risks and coping strategies), and access to non-stigmatizing support.
Conclusions and Implications: Study Results showed that adolescents are aware of ASUD in their communities and identified a combination of community-based support and virtual engagement via mobile technology which they viewed as useful resources possessing the potential for effective ASU prevention and intervention among adolescents.
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma resembling space infection: a case report
Authors: Yan Xiaohan , Ren Wenhao , Li Shaoming , Zhu Zhuang , Gao Ling , Zhi Keqian
Published: January 2024

Background: Primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) is a rare T-cell lymphoma belonging to the CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. The case of PC-ALCL in the temporal and parotid gland region is exceedingly rare. Herein, we report a case of PC-ALCL involving the temporal and parotid gland region mimicking maxillofacial space infection.
Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman presented to maxillofacial surgery service with a 6-month history of swelling and pain in the left side of her face. The patient underwent incision and drainage, and we unexpectedly found no pus in the lesion area. Incisional biopsy showed necrosis and extensive involvement of the left temples by a diffuse infiltrate containing large, atypical cells. The tumor cells were positive for CD30, CD3, and Ki67, and negative for ALK (SP8). After considering these findings, a diagnosis of PC-ALCL was rendered. The patient was admitted to the lymphoma department for systemic chemotherapy and no relapse occurred during a follow-up period of three months.
Conclusions: This report suggests that if there are suspicious intraoperative manifestations, carrying out a biopsy simultaneously, using HE staining, comprehensive IHC panels, and combining them with a systematic approach is essential to diagnosing ALCL to prevent misdiagnosis.
Salt intake among Iranian population: national and subnational report from STEPS 2021
Authors: Nosratinia Nasim , Azadnajafabad Sina , Masinaei Masoud , Golestani Ali , Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Rezaei Negar , Khosravi Sepehr , Rezaei Shahabeddin , Ahmadi Naser , Kazemi Ameneh , Ghasemi Erfan , Farzi Yosef , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Yoosefi Moein , Rezaei Nazila , Nasserinejad Maryam , Haghshenas Rosa , Fateh Sahar Mohammadi , Keykhaei Mohammad , Moghimi Mana , Mehr Elmira Foroutan , Rankohi Azadeh Momen Nia , Djalalinia Shirin , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: January 2024

High salt intake is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases, resulting in numerous deaths and disability-adjusted life-years worldwide. The study aimed to analyze data from a 2021 nationwide survey of 25,202 Iranian adults, investigating daily salt intake. Participants were randomly chosen by a systematic proportional size cluster sampling. All of them completed questionnaires and their anthropometric and physical measurements were taken. Using Tanaka method and necessary equations, spot urine samples were taken to estimate 24-hour urine sodium and evaluate daily sodium intake in grams. The mean amount of salt intake was 9.71g (95% CI: 9.66–9.76) in 2021. Furthermore, 98.0% of participants consumed more than 5g of salt daily. Salt intake in men was higher than in women (9.95g (95% CI: 9.87–10.3) vs 9.51g (9.44–9.58) daily. Rural areas’ residents and people with lower years of schooling consumed higher levels of salt per day, 10.02g (9.96–10.07) and 9.99g (9.88–10.1), respectively. Mean salt consumption in married people was higher than in single individuals by 0.37g per day. Salt consumption was higher in obese participants in comparison to people with normal BMI (10.16g (10.06–10.26) vs 8.72g (8.43–9.01)). The risk of high salt consumption was significantly lower in hypertensive participants than normotensive ones (adjusted OR = 0.467, 95% CI: 0.345–0.631), as well as being aware of hypertension in hypertensive patients (adjusted OR = 0.338, 95% CI: 0.190–0.603). Iranians’ salt intake was nearly double the WHO-recommendation. Approved effective interventions must be considered to lower salt consumption in Iran like food labeling, educating people, and using salt substitutes.
Molecular dynamics simulation of hybrid structure and mechanical properties of DLC/Ni-DLC thin films
Authors: Xiaoqiang Wang , Xu Zhang , Xiangyi Hu , Yingjian Tian , Huimin Li , Haojie Wang
Published: January 2024

To improve the mechanical properties of the rolling body surface of wind power bearings, extend its service life. In this study, a large-scale molecular/atomic parallel processor LAMMPS was introduced, and then the process of magnetron sputtering technology in the preparation of DLC/Ni-DLC thin films on the 42CrMo substrate material was simulated. The effects of deposition parameters such as sputtering temperature, sputtering voltage, deposition air pressure, and Ni doping on the residual stress, film base bonding, and organizational structure of the thin films were investigated. The simulation results were also verified experimentally by magnetron sputtering. The simulation results show that Ni doping and reasonable control of the deposition parameters can help reduce the residual stress and improve the bonding strength of the film by changing the film organization.
New Hexafunctional Epoxy Prepolymer: Innovation structure in corrosion inhibition
Authors: El-Aouni Naoual , Dagdag Omar , AMRI Abdeslam EL , Kim Hansang , Dkhireche Nadia , Elbachiri Abderrahim , Berdimurodov Elyor , Berisha Avni , Rafik Mohamed , Aliev Nizomiddin
Published: January 2024

This work presents a novel approach to corrosion inhibition through the creation of a groundbreaking hexafunctional phosphorus epoxy resin, namely phosphorus trimethylene dianiline hexaglycidyl (HGTMDAP). This innovative material is synthesized via a two-step process, initiating with a grafting reaction between methylene dianiline and phosphorus trichloride, followed by the addition of epichlorohydrin to yield the hexafunctional resin. The unique structural intricacies of this material were elucidated using advanced microscopic characterization techniques such as FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR. Furthermore, we dove into the exploration of the anticorrosive efficacy of this novel epoxy resin, specifically for metal, leveraging an array of evaluation methods, including EIS, PDP, isothermal adsorption model, thermodynamics, EFM, and the cutting-edge DFT, MC and MD simulations. To explore surface adsorption mechanism of the medium, comprising the metallic material, HGTMDAP resin, and 1.0 M HCl, it was employed sophisticated techniques such as SEM and EDS. This enabled us to decode the surface structure and chemical composition of the sample, providing us with a deeper understanding of the adsorption process and the mechanics of corrosion prevention. Our findings from the electrochemical tests suggest that an increase in the concentration of HGTMDAP significantly enhances protection ability. Interestingly, EIS demonstrated an impressive inhibition efficiency of 96.3% at the optimal concentration (10− 3 M) of HGTMDAP epoxy resin. Polarization results further corroborated that this advanced macromolecular binder serves as a mixed inhibitor. The Langmuir model, which posits that the epoxy resin forms a defender film on the metal surface, was validated in our study. We also utilized kinetic thermodynamic parameter estimation to further evaluate inhibitor adsorption phenomena. Finally, it was ventured into unchartered territory by describing the electronic and adsorption properties of the HGTMDAP epoxy resin using DFT, MC and MD simulations, paving the way for future research in this domain. Through our innovative approach, we have opened up new possibilities in the field of corrosion inhibition.
Modified constraint-induced movement therapy for lower limb intervention on patients with stroke: A Scoping Review
Authors: Liping Zhou , Manting Cao , Rahim Nur Arzuar Abdul , Yusof Hazwani Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Following the successful application of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) in upper extremity rehabilitation for stroke patients, modified CIMT (mCIMT) has been introduced for lower extremity training in stroke patients. However, there is not enough evidence to prove its effectiveness in lower extremity rehabilitation. The diverse protocols of mCIMT present challenges in determining the superior approach for enhancing dyskinesia recovery. This study seeks to assess the safety and efficacy of mCIMT in lower extremity training for stroke patients and explores the essential components of mCIMT protocols to formulate an appropriate mCIMT plan for stroke patients. A literature search, following the PRISMA guidelines, was performed across four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro) to identify clinical trials involving adult stroke patients receiving mCIMT for lower extremity movement disorders. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using classifications based on study designs. According to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, this review included 36 studies involving 931 patients. No serious adverse events were reported. The studies indicated that mCIMT significantly improves motor function, functional mobility, balance, lower extremity strength, weight-bearing, and walking ability. Five main types of constraint were identified. Dosage metrics include task repetition count and training duration. The use of transfer packages facilitated the translation of training effects into daily life. mCIMT for lower extremity functional recovery in stroke patients is deemed safe and feasible, contributing to the improvement of lower extremity functional impairments in stroke patients. Constraint devices are considered unsafe and unnecessary. Therefore, behavioural constraints are recommended. The repetition count of tasks is a suitable metric for assessing mCIMT dosage, and protocols with transfer packages enhance efficacy and sustainability. mCIMT holds broad prospects in stroke rehabilitation, with the need for individualized adjustments based on patient conditions to enhance effectiveness and practical value.
Influence of course administration of melatonin on morphological manifestations in the ciliary body of rabbits with experimental hypopinealism
Authors: Nedzvetska Olga V. , Pastukh Uliana A. , Pastukh Irina V.
Published: January 2024

Purpose. The aim was to study the effect of the course of melatonin (M) injections on morphological changes in the ciliary body (CB) of rabbits with experimental hypopinealism.
Methodology. The experimental study was carried out on rabbits in compliance with the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Animals from Cruelty” No. 3447-IV (Kyiv, 2006) and the "European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes" (Strasbourg, 1985). Hypopinealism in animals was achieved by keeping them under conditions of round-the-clock illumination (RCI). The groups were: 1) the control group (CG) - 23 intact animals, which were in conditions of natural change of day and night; 2) a group with hypopinealism (HG) - 32 rabbits that were in the RCI; 3) the HG+M group - 29 rabbits that were in the RCI, but before being withdrawn from the experiment, received a course of injections of M for 14 days. Depending on the duration of the experiment, subgroups were identified: a) 3-5 months; b) 8-12 months. The concentration of M in the blood was determined by enzyme immunoassay. A morphological study of the enucleated eyeballs of animals was carried out with a morphometric analysis using the “fields” method.
Results. Influenced by RCI night production of M decreased to 62.26±5.27 pmol/l, compared to the control (369.45±14.35 pmol/l; p<0.005).
After 3-5 months of RCI, the average relative area of the vessels (ARAV) indicator in the morphometric study in the HG+M3-5 subgroup (15.32±0.37%) is lower than the HG3-5 indicator (17.71±0.43%; p<0.005), and significantly exceeds the indicator CG3-5 (4.70±0.19%; p<0.005); the average thickness of the vascular wall (ATVW) indicator (81.14±3.81×10-6 m) increased compared to CG1-2 (51.31±1.22×10-6 m, р<0.005), and decreased compared to HG3-5 (87.61±3.90×10-6 m; p<0.005). After 18-19 months in the subgroup HG+M18-19, the ARAV indicator decreases to 4.10±0.19%; (p<0.005) and is similar to the indicators of groups CG18-19 and HG18-1(4.22±0.17% and 4.01±0.19%; p<0.05). The indicator of MVWT increased (173.01±6.91×10-6 m), not differing from the HG18-19 indicator (177.51±7.32×10-6 m; p>0.05), but remaining higher than the CG18-19 indicator (101.91±4.42×10-6 m; р<0.005).
Conclusion. In animals with M deficiency after 18-19 months of RCI in the CB, the phenomena of vascular hyperemia and dyscirculatory disorders disappear completely, and pronounced sclerotic changes appear. There is a significant thickening of the walls of small arteries and veins due to sclerosis, which leads to a significant increase in ATVW. Vascular desolation is characterized by a significant decrease in the ARAV index. The course of M injections reduces edema and vascular disorders in the early stages of the RCI experiment for up to 5 months. After 18-19 months of RCI, apparently due to irreversible changes in blood vessels, the course of M has no therapeutic effect.
Temporomandibular joint discectomy. A long-term retrospective follow-up on the patient perspective.
Authors: Bäckström Esmeralda , Wänman Anders , Sjöström Mats
Published: January 2024

Purpose
To retrospectively evaluate long-term outcomes after temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discectomy.
Methods
Included patients (n = 64) had undergone discectomy during 1989–1998 at Umeå University Hospital. A questionnaire was used to evaluate pre- and postoperative symptoms, postoperative complications, general pain, and subjective opinion about the outcome of the surgery.
Results
The results are based on responses from 47 patients (40 women/7 men), including 36 (30 women/6 men) who completed the questionnaire and 11 (10 women/1 man) who were contacted by telephone and answered selected questions. Seventeen patients were excluded because of death, a move abroad, declining to participate, or no available patient information. Among the respondents, 41 (87%) were satisfied with the results, five (11%) were unsatisfied, and one (2%) patient did not answer the question. The results showed a significant long-term improvement in locking, clicking/crepitation, and pain when chewing or opening the jaw (p = 0.001). The prevalence of headaches had decreased significantly at follow-up (p = 0.001). Reported impaired jaw-opening capacity showed no significant improvement (p = 0.08). Of the 47 respondents, 19 (40%) had asked for additional treatment after the discectomy, and six of the 19 patients (13%) had undergone more surgery of the joint.
Conclusion
The results of this retrospective long-term follow-up study indicate that TMJ discectomy has a high success rate, as most patients were satisfied with the postoperative results. Discectomy is thus an effective surgical intervention for patients with disabling TMJ pain and dysfunction when conservative interventions have been unsuccessful.
A pilot randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern on disease activity, symptoms and microbiota profile in adults with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Marsh Abigail , Chachay Veronique , Banks Merrilyn , Okano Satomi , Hartel Gunter , Radford-Smith Graham
Published: January 2024

Background/Objectives: There is a lack of certainty in dietary prescription for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to heterogeneity in studies to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy on disease activity of a modified anti-inflammatory dietary pattern purposely designed to reduce intake of food additives (IBD-MAID), compared to standard care, in adults with IBD.
Subject/Methods: Adults with IBD were randomised to IBD-MAID (meals provided) [n=29] or general healthy eating (GHE) [n=29] for 8 weeks. Disease activity, faecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), symptoms and quality of life (S&QOL) were assessed using validated tools.
Results:The IBD-MAID was well tolerated and adhered to (92% adherence). At week 8, there was no statistically significant difference in change from baseline in outcome measures between groups. However, baseline to week 8 analysis indicated: 1) statistically significant improvements in S (p = 0.001) & QOL (p = 0.004), FC (p = 0.007) and Crohn’s disease activity ( p = 0.03) but not ulcerative colitis, in individuals following the IBD-MAID and 2) statistically significant improvement in QOL in individuals receiving GHE (p = 0.015). Correlation analysis revealed a r decrease in food additives intake was associated with statistically significant improvements in FC, S & QOL and alignment of anti-inflammatory dietary principles with improvements in QOL.
Conclusion: The IBD-MAID was well tolerated. The most novel finding pertains to the correlation between reducedfood additives intake and improvements in inflammatory markers, S&QOL. Further research is needed to explore the effects of food additives exposure on IBD course.
ANZCTR: 12619001500145
Divorce and Housing Price Shocks in Mexico
Authors: Jauregui Andres , Avalos Antonio , España-Nájera Annabella
Published: January 2024

Economic explanations of divorce are centered on the idea that individuals make marital decisions based on potential financial benefits. This paper aligns with this perspective and extends a growing literature on the impact of house price shocks on divorce rates (Rainer & Smith, 2010; Farnham et al., 2011; Harknett & Schneider, 2012; Klein, 2017) by analyzing the impact of unexpected house price shocks on Mexico's divorce rates over the past 15 years. Our research presents two novel contributions. Firstly, it focuses on Mexico, where we posit that factors like economic informality, family networks, inequality, and migration shape individuals' marital calculations distinctly from more developed countries. Secondly, we test how life circumstances, specifically the duration of marriage and socioeconomic status moderate individuals’ reactions to unexpected house price changes. Utilizing newly compiled state-level data, our findings underscore the importance of context. Notably, the duration of marriage emerges as a critical factor in how individuals respond to unexpected house price shocks. Consistent with the literature, we find that unexpected positive house price shocks stabilize marriages (Klein, 2017), particularly for marriages of longer duration. In contrast, our analysis reveals that unexpected negative house price shocks do not have a statistically significant impact on divorce rates in Mexican states. As hypothesized, couples with lower socioeconomic status demonstrate a higher propensity to divorce during unexpected positive housing price shocks.
JEL: D1, Household Behavior and Family Economics
Free iliac crest grafting technology for the management of large segmental tibial defect
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqiang , Yao Yilun , Liu Kang , Wu Lei , Yang Wengbo
Published: January 2024

Objective
To introduce the method and experience of treating large segmental tibial bone defect by taking large iliac crest bone graft.
Methods
From January 2020 to January 2022, iliac crest bone grafting was performed in 20 patients (10 men and 10 women) with large segmental tibial bone defect. The mean length of bone defect was 13.59 ± 3.41. Bilateral iliac crest grafts were harvested, including the inner and outer plates of the iliac crest and iliac spine. The cortical part was trimmed and shaped by cortical bone screws to match the bone defect at the recipient site. Locking plate was used to fix the graft-host complex, supplemented with reconstruction plate to increase stability when necessary. Bone healing was evaluated by cortical bone fusion on radiographs at follow-up, iliac pain was assessed by VAS score, and lower limb function was assessed by ODI score. Complications were also taken into consideration.
Results
The average follow-up time was 27.4 ± 5.6 (Range 24–33 months), the mean VAS score was 8.8 ± 1.9, the mean ODI score was 11.1 ± 1.8, and the number of cortical bone fusion in the bone graft area was 3.5 ± 0.5. No nonunion, shift or fracture was found in all cases. No infection and bone resorption were observed that need secondary surgery. One patient had dorsiflexion weakness of the great toe. Hypoesthesia of the dorsal foot was observed in 2 patients. Ankle stiffness and edema occurred in 3 patients. Complications were significantly improved by physical therapy and rehabilitation training.
Conclusion
For the cases of large segmental tibial bone defects, the treatment methods are various. In this paper, we have obtained satisfactory results by using large iliac bone graft to treat bone defect. This approach can not only restore the integrity of the tibia, but also obtain good stability with internal fixation, and surgical skills are more likely to be mastered by clinicians. Therefore, it provides an alternative surgical method for clinicians.
Dynamical analysis, circuit design, synchronization, and Arduino UNO implementation of a new 7D hyperchaotic system
Authors: Kopp Michael
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel multidimensional 7D hyperchaotic system. We conduct an analysis of this innovative 7D dynamic system, focusing on determining Lyapunov exponents, constructing bifurcation diagrams, and identifying equilibrium points along with their corresponding stability conditions. Through computer modeling of the 7D hyperchaotic system in Matlab-Simulink and Labview, we obtain phase portraits of numerous strange attractors. Subsequently, the electronic circuit for the new 7D chaos generator was developed using Multisim software, showcasing behavior similar to the Matlab-Simulink and LabVIEW models. Furthermore, we study the synchronization problem for two identical 7D hyperchaotic systems, employing a nonlinear active control method. To depict the novel 7D hyperchaotic system, we utilized an Arduino UNO board and incorporated seven light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Additionally, we showcased the ability to replicate the new 7D hyperchaotic system within the Proteus 8 environment by employing the Arduino UNO microcontroller.
Predicting Adults' Income using Naive Bayes Classifier
Authors: Elrahman Ahmed Abd
Published: January 2024

Predicting the income level of adults is an important task in understanding the socio-economic dynamics and identifying key factors that contribute to income disparities. This paper proposes to build a predictive model to predict the income levels of adults using the Naive Bayes classifier. To commence the analysis, we preprocess the dataset by addressing missing values and encoding categorical variables, Subsequently, we train a Naive Bayes classifier on a labeled training set, with income levels as the target variable. To evaluate the performance of the Naive Bayes classifier, we employ standard evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Our experimental findings demonstrate the potential of the Naive Bayes classifier in predicting adults' income based on socio-demographic factors. Based on the findings of the experiments, the Naive Bayesian classifier has an accuracy equal to 80.83%.
Beneath the Ice: Exploring Winter's Impact on Nutrient and Phytoplankton Dynamics in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Julian Paul , Husk Barry , Baulch Helen M , Simon Dana F. , Tromas Nicolas , Sauvé Sébastien
Published: January 2024

As global climate patterns evolve, it becomes increasingly vital to understand the seasonal factors influencing nutrient concentrations in lake ecosystems. The complex role of winter dynamics in lakes relative to climate and ecosystem processes can influence nutrient cycling and phytoplankton dynamics. In this study we address this knowledge gap by investigating seasonal variations in water column nutrient concentrations, climatic conditions, and ice phenology in a small shallow hypereutrophic lake in south-central Québec, Canada. Water column nutrients were sampled from October 2009 to September 2020 at two locations (Lake Inlet and Lake Outlet). The results of this study emphasize the variability in ice-on duration (ranging from 102 to 166 days) and its significant correlation with dissolved inorganic nitrogen accumulation during the ice-on period over a decadal timestep. Notable shifts in phytoplankton composition between ice-on and ice-off periods were observed, accompanied by a significant long-term decline in species richness. Crucially, the accumulation of nitrate-nitrite during the ice-covered period was correlated with the relative proportion of cyanobacteria in the subsequent growing season. This study underscores the essential yet limited understanding of winter limnological characteristics and their pivotal role in the seasonal dynamics of nutrient cycling, and phytoplankton and cyanobacteria dynamics particularly amid ongoing climate changes.
Torna, torna, *soro! Der rumänische Vokativ im Balkansprachbund
Authors:   , Schnelzer Klaus Otto
Published: January 2024

In diesem Werk überprüft der Autor verschiedene ältere Hypothesen zur Entstehung der rumänischen Vokativformen im Kontext des Balkansprachbunds, und entwirft neue Hypothesen im Rahmen von Sprachkontaktmodellen.
Hydrodynamics of a relativistic charged fluid in the presence of a periodically modulated chemical potential
Authors: Chagnet Nicolas , Schalm Koenraad
Published: January 2024

We study charged hydrodynamics in a periodic lattice background. Fluctuations are Bloch waves rather than single momentum Fourier modes. At boundaries of the unit cell where hydrodynamic fluctuations are formally degenerate with their Umklapped copy, level repulsion occurs. Novel mode mixings between charge, sound, and their Umklapped copies appear at finite chemical potential - both at zero and finite momentum. We provide explicit examples for an ionic lattice, i.e. a periodic external chemical potential, and verify our results with numerical computations in fluid-gravity duality.
Implications of climate change on water quality and sanitation in climate hotspot locations: A case study in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Tonni Agustiono , Bandala Erick R. , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Goh Hui Hwang , Anouzla Abdelkader , Chew Kit Wayne , Aziz Faissal , Al-Hazmi Hussein E. , Nisa'ul Khoir Aulia
Published: January 2024

Southeast Asia is vulnerable to climate change with over half of its population already being impacted by drought, flooding, and rise in sea levels recently. This work reviews the current water resource challenges in Indonesia, prone to the rising impacts of climate change. A baseline assessment of Indonesia's water and drinking water resources related to its original sources is presented. In response to a growing concern over chronic challenges that undermine water supply nationwide, this study analyses drinking water safety supervision. To accomplish this, a literature survey (100 studies published during the 2000–2023 period) was performed to identify regional groundwater resources sustainability and water security issues. Among the main findings of this study, only 10% of rainfall infiltrates to the groundwater, while 70% of its rivers are heavily polluted by domestic waste. During the study period, water availability decreased to 1,200 m3/year in 2020, with only 35% of the resources being economically feasible for reuse. The water supply deficit in Indonesia was estimated to be 5.5 hm3/year with roughly 67% of the population's water demand satisfied in 2021. Although this deficit might be fulfilled with private vendors, water supply/demand forecasts in 2030 suggest that the gap could not be closed by increasing water supply.
Clinical and anatomopathological diagnosis in bovines affected by perforated abomasal ulcers and with comorbities
Authors: Querubino de Andrade Neto Adony , Ricardo Barboza Silva José , Lopes de Mendonça Carla , José Cavalcanti Souto Rodolfo , Rose Marquez de Sá Lilian , Augusto Bastos Afonso José
Published: January 2024

This study describes the findings of the clinical and anatomopathological diagnosis in cattle affected by perforated abomasal ulcers and with comorbidities. Twenty-five cattle were evaluated, young (n=8, aged less than two years) and adults (n=17, aged greater than two and a half years), diagnosed with perforated abomasal ulcers. Epidemiological information was retrieved from the medical records. Blood, ruminal fluid, and peritoneal fluid (PI) samples were collected for laboratory examination. Ultrasound examination, exploratory laparotomy, and post mortem examinations were performed for diagnostic purposes. The main clinical findings of perforated ulcers in the present study were: apathy, dehydration, intestinal hypomotility, diarrheal stools, hypomotile or atonic rumen, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal distention with bilateral bulging, and increased abdominal tension. The most frequent abnormal hematological findings were hypoproteinemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis with a left shift. The peritoneal fluid (PL) showed an inflammatory reaction in the cytology, characteristic of an exudate. A confirmatory diagnosis of peritonitis by ultrasonography was possible in five cases, and in two cases at exploratory laparotomy. In the post mortem examination, the ulcers were characterized as type 3, 4, or 5, with comorbidities present in 68% of the cases. It is necessary to combine ultrasonography with abdominal centesis and exploratory laparotomy procedures to suggest perforated ulcers. However, post mortem examination better characterizes the type of perforated ulcer present, particularly type 5.
Epidemiological profile of canine and feline otitis in a University Veterinary Hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Reneuda de Araújo Roniuza , Emanuel da Silva Raí , Leonardo de Morais Nobre Márcio , Eveline Escórcio Pinheiro Raizza , Galba da Silva Tenório Taciana , José dos Santos Soares Maria
Published: January 2024

The objective of this work was to analyze the cases of otitis in companion animals treated at the Veterinary Hospital Jeremias Pereira da Silva / Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) and the profile of antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment of these infections. A retrospective cross-sectional observational epidemiological study was carried out on the assisted animals with otitis at the Veterinary Hospital Jeremias Pereira da Silva / (UFPI), during the period from January 2015 to December 2020, through access to the registration system called “Doctorvet”, evaluating the characteristics of the patients treated, the diagnosis and therapy adopted and the clinical response to these services. Mixed breed dogs (MBDs), with bilateral presentation of this disease and the presence of comorbidities were frequent occurrences in the animals treated. Antibiotic prescriptions of aminoglycosides (Gentamicin and Neomycin) were the most used, in formulations associated with other substances, such as antifungals and anti-inflammatories, with the commercial presentation Aurivet being the most prescribed and the one that received the greatest number of favorable reports. However, the use of other different therapeutic protocols was evidenced without justification for this choice. Establishing therapeutic protocols to be followed by veterinary clinicians, when treating otitis, and monitoring the success or failure of these prescriptions, will contribute to reveal much more than the epidemiological profile of the etiologic agents, but the adequate use of antimicrobial agents, controlling the increase in rates of antibiotic resistance, as well as consolidating promising therapeutic approaches for these infections.
Incidence of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows in the semi-arid region of the state of Paraíba
Authors: Cézar da Silva Daniel , Pinheiro Rodrigues Gilderlândio , Dantas Fernandes Beatriz , Monique dos Santos Lima Jéssica , Alves da Silva Bismark , Jorge Oliveira de Souza Evaristo
Published: January 2024

Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is one of the main metabolic diseases to occur during the transition period in dairy herds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the localized incidence of SCK in dairy cows in the semi-arid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and to correlate this data with the number of weeks of lactation and the body condition score (BCS). Samples were collected from the coccygeal vein of 257 lactating dairy cows, with a view to determining serum ketone and glucose body levels. Animals that presented serum ketone body levels equal to or greater than 1.2 mmol/dL were considered to have SCK. It was found that 5.45% of the dairy cows presented SCK. The weeks of lactation and the BCS had no influence (P > 0.05) on the levels of serum ketone bodies or glucose of the dairy cows. For serum ketone body levels, 94.55% (243) of the cows remained within the normal limits for metabolites. Most of the cows, 67.70% (174) were within normal serum glucose levels, while 23.35% (60) presented hypoglycaemia, and 8.95% (23) presented hyperglycaemia. The BCS and serum glucose levels are negatively correlated, with a coefficient of -0.1329 (P = 0.0335). No significance was found 0.087 (P = 0.1608) for the correlation between the BCS and serum ketone body levels. The localized incidence of SCK in this study was 5.45% of the total number of cows, with the BCS and number of weeks of lactation having no influence on incidence of the disorder.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents for Addressing
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Kamboj Sweta , Sharma Prerna , Kamboj Rohit , Kamboj Shikha , Hariom  , Girija  , Guarve Kumar , Dutt Rohit , Verma Inderjeet , Dua Kamal , Rani Nidhi
Published: January 2024

Neurodegenerative disorder is a serious condition that is caused by abnormal or no neurological
function. Neurodegenerative disease is a major growing cause of mortality and morbidity
worldwide, especially in the elderly. After World War Ⅱ, eugenics term was exterminated from
medicines. Neurodegenerative disease is a genetically inherited disease. Lifestyle changes, environmental
factors, and genetic modification, together or alone, are involved in the occurrence of
this disorder. The major examples of neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s
disease, in which apoptosis and necrosis are the two major death pathways for neurons. It has been
determined from various studies that the etiology of the neurodegenerative disease involves the
role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant defence system, which are prime factors associated with
the activation of signal transduction pathway that is responsible for the formation of synuclein in
the brain and manifestation of toxic reactions in the form of functional abnormality, which ultimately
leads to the dysfunction of neuronal pathway or cell. There has not been much success in
the discovery of effective therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases because the main cause of
abnormal functioning or death of neurons is not well known. However, the use of natural products
that are derived from plants has effective therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative disease.
The natural compounds with medicinal properties to prevent neurological dysfunction are curcumin,
wolfberry, ginseng, and Withania somnifera. The selection and use of natural compounds are
based on their strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties against neurodegenerative disease.
Herbal products have active constituents that play an important role in the prevention of
communication errors between neurons and neurotransmitters and their respective receptors in the
brain, which influence their function. Considering this, natural products have great potential
against neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the natural compounds used to treat neurodegenerative
diseases and their mechanisms of action.
Pharmacological Approaches and Herbal Interventions for Alzheimer's
Disease
Authors: Kumar Shivendra , Singh Shubham , Rajput Dharmendra , Sharma Bhawna , Chaturvedi Kumkum , Singh Nidhi , Saha Sunam , Singh Kuldeep , Mukherjee Soumyadip
Published: January 2024

This comprehensive review extensively examines the utilization of herbal remedies and
pharmacological techniques for managing Alzheimer's disease (AD). It delves deeply into the active
constituents and modes of operation of diverse herbal medications such as Withania somnifera,
Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, and Curcuma longa, emphasizing their qualities in reducing
inflammation, acting as antioxidants, and safeguarding neural tissue. Additionally, it assesses conventional
pharmaceuticals like cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, rivastigmine) and memantine,
investigating their mechanisms of action and potential adverse effects. The study also encompasses
non-pharmacological therapies like interventions aimed at cognition, physical exercise, and methods
of stimulating the brain, all of which exhibit potential in enhancing cognitive capacity and
neural adaptability. Furthermore, it delves into the amalgamation of therapies to tackle numerous
facets of AD pathology. In essence, this review furnishes valuable insights into alternative strategies
for managing AD, underscoring the potential of herbal interventions in enhancing cognitive
function and addressing the underlying issues of AD. Additionally, it presents a fresh avenue for
exploring the collaborative impacts of combining conventional pharmaceuticals with herbal remedies.
Efficiency Analysis of Tertiary Channels in Mataram Irrigation. Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Murtaqi Muhamad Anif Ainul , Wignyosukarto Budi Santoso , Nurrochmad Fatchan
Published: January 2024

Mataram irrigation canal is an agricultural infrastructure built around 1942 with a channel length of ± 34.5 km. Changes in land use patterns that occur in Yogyakarta will certainly have an impact on changing the demand for water discharge in the canals and the ability of the canals to drain water. The tertiary network in the Mataram irrigation canal is the most influential on land use change. where the network connects the Mataram main network with the surrounding rice fields. This study reviews how much efficiency and water loss occurs in the Mataram irrigation tertiary channel. Analysis of the efficiency of the Mataram irrigation canal was carried out by comparing the discharge inflow and outflow in the channel while the analysis of water loss in the channel is carried out by calculating the amount of evaporation and seepage that occurs in the channel. Efficiency results in 25 Mataram tertiary channels. there are 9 channels where water utilization is greater than water demand indicated loss that occurs in the channel. Loss in the channel is caused using water for other factors or water leakage occurs in the channel. This is indicated by the fact that the water supplied to the canal is greater than the required amount of water. so that the percentage of water usage in this channel is more than 100%. Different conditions were obtained from the other 16 canals. where water utilization was less than the water requirement. so there was excess water in the canals. This incident occurred because the irrigation service area had experienced a change in land use or a lot of land that did not need water. This causes the downstream water discharge to be greater than the given discharge because there is additional discharge from other sources.
Comparation Study of Wood Quality Influenced by Water Content with Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test Approach
Authors: Darmono Darmono , Nugroho Maris Setyo , Pamungkas Rama Aji Pupus
Published: January 2024

In general, the building evaluation requires a sample from the building being tested. However, this cannot be done in cultural heritage buildings such as Masjid Gedhe Mataram. Because of that reason, an Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test (UPV) is applied. This test aims to determine the strength of the wood quality due to the influence of its water content using the ultrasonic pulse velocity direct method. In the UPV test, the results are in the form of wave propagation which is influenced by several factors such as the type and the water content of the wood. There were 3 types of tested wood, 9 specimens each. The types of tested wood were kruing (KR), sengon (S), and teak wood (JTB). The water content was set at 12%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%.The results showed a strong correlation between MoE and MoEd values of kruing wood with an R2 value of 0.8405, a weak correlation of sengon wood with an R2 value of 0.31, and a strong correlation of teak wood with an R2 value of 0.9331. The differences in wood quality based on modulus of elasticity between bending testing and UPV were 0.9 - 4.43% for kruing wood, 3.23 - 23.4% for sengon wood, and 3.4 - 33% for teak wood.
An Exploration of Cyclists’ Preferences that Influence Route Choice to Recreation in Yogyakarta during COVID-19
Authors: Isheka Raihan Pasha , Habibi Kamal Muhammad Iqbal , Suryadwanti Novia , Radiansyah Kusuma Aji
Published: January 2024

People's travel behavior has changed significantly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The growing number of cyclists, particularly those who ride for recreation, and how they view the options for recreational riding routes are two of the elements that are being impacted. Cycling route preferences may be viewed differently than they were prior to the pandemic. It will be crucial to understand cyclists' behavior while choosing their routes in order to choose the development, especially for cycling infrastructure. This research aims to explain the perceptions of recreational cyclists regarding the influential factors in determining their routes. The data for this study was collected from 340 respondents who use bicycles for recreation in Yogyakarta City. A questionnaire was used to collect data by examining the factors that influence cyclists in determining their routes, such as infrastructure conditions, traffic conditions, environmental conditions, and travel plans, using a Likert scale. Through the questionnaire, socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents were obtained, revealing that the majority were male, with incomes below Rp 1,500,000, and aged below 25 years. The analysis methods used in this study were descriptive analysis, importance score analysis, and chi-square tests between the characteristics of the cyclists and each factor. The results showed that the most important factors for recreational cyclists in determining their routes in Yogyakarta City are the availability of street lighting facilities (4.34), good road conditions (4.31), the presence of dedicated bicycle lanes (4.30), low traffic volume (4.30), and the natural environment (4.29). Additionally, the frequency of recreational cycling statistically correlates significantly with some factors, such as the availability of bicycle lanes, bike boxes, and low pollution levels.
Parametric Study on The Bearing Capacity of Down-hole Dynamic Compaction
Authors: Nulya M Anisya Aura , Solin Dian Purnamawati , Farichah Himatul
Published: January 2024

The DDC method is well known as Down-Hole Dynamic Compaction, an effective ground treatment method. DDC combines dynamic compaction and soil replacement methods to enhance bearing capacity, reduce settlement, minimize the potential for collapse, and mitigate liquefaction. DDC has been commonly used to stabilize collapsible soil, DDC basically forms a column inside the soil stratum which is similar to a stone column except DDC materials are put in sequence and then compacted by using DDC hammer, this is known as the self-tamping method. DDC is considered as a suitable method for soft soil improvement. This study modeled DDC as reinforcement for runway area which is predominantly soft soil in the study location. DDC is modeled with various dimension and spacing to assess its impact on bearing capacity and settlement, thereby simplifying the selection of suitable dimension during installation. The results show that the stress induced by external loads on Down-hole Dynamic Compaction (DDC) rises in correlation with the spacing between DDC installations. The peak stress was documented on a DDC unit with a 1-meter diameter positioned at a distance of 2.5 meters from the other DDC units, measuring 83.9 kN/m2. The highest stress level was recorded in the soil surrounding a DDC unit with a 1.5-meter diameter, which was positioned 3 meters away from other DDC units, measuring 157.89 kN/m2. The highest bearing capacity was achieved when a DDC with a diameter of 1.5 meters was positioned at a distance of 3 meters, resulting in a bearing capacity value of 1407.32 kN/m2.
Seismic Hazard Assessment in Maluku Province Using PSHA
Authors: Setiawan Yoga , Fathani Teuku Faisal , Faris Fikri
Published: January 2024

On 10 January 2023, a strong earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.5 occurred in Banda Sea, Maluku Province. This earthquake caused casualties around the epicentre due to the building collapse which was not an earthquake-resistant structure. A high level of seismic vulnerability and non-standard infrastructure often result in large losses when earthquakes occur. Therefore, mapping of earthquake-prone areas needs to be carried out to optimize the mitigation efforts based on Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Spectrum Acceleration (SA) values. In this paper, mitigation efforts are carried out by mapping earthquake-prone areas using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) which considers the potential of each complex earthquake source in Maluku Province. Input data was obtained from several earthquake catalogues such as Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS), International Seismological Center (ISC), and United States Geological Survey (USGS) which were processed and analyzed using the Matlab, ZMap, and R-CRISIS programs and mapped using the ArcMap program. The results of PSHA show that Maluku Province is a region with varying levels of earthquake vulnerability. The research results show that the distribution hazard value on PGA in Maluku Province reaches 0.02g to 0.48g for a return period of 500 years and 0.04g to 0.79g for a return period of 2,500 years and on SA for periods of 0.20 seconds and 1.00 second reaches 0.04g to 0.89g and 0.01g to 0.22g for a return period of 500 years and 0.07g to 1.48g and 0.02g to 0.35g for a return period of 2,500 years, respectively. The highest level of vulnerability is in the northern region including Seram Island, Way Apu Island and Ambon Island and the lowest level of vulnerability is in the eastern region including Aru Island.