bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Amounts of Dynamic Stretching on Musculotendinous Extensibility and Muscle Strength
Authors: Tanaka Minori , Koshino Yuta , Oba Kensuke , Sentoku Fuma , Komatsuzaki Miho , Kyotani Naoto , Ishida Tomoya , Kasahara Satoshi , Tohyama Harukazu , Samukawa Mina
Published: August 2024

Dynamic stretching (DS) is performed as a warm-up to improve the range of motion and athletic performance. However, the effect of different amounts of DS on muscle performance remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of DS repetitions with one or four sets of 30 s on musculotendinous extensibility and muscle strength. Fourteen healthy men (23.6 ± 1.5 years) underwent DS to ankle plantar flexors for one set (fifteen repetitions) or four sets after warm-up. The maximal ankle dorsiflexion angle, musculotendinous stiffness (MTS), passive torque, peak plantarflexion torque during maximal isometric contraction, and muscle temperature were measured before and after stretching. A significant effect of time was observed on the maximal ankle dorsiflexion angle, MTS, passive torque, and muscle temperature (p < 0.001). However, no interactions or effects between the conditions were observed. After DS, the maximal ankle dorsiflexion angle and muscle temperature significantly increased (p < 0.01), while the MTS and passive torque significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The maximal muscle strength showed no significant effects or interactions (p = 0.198−0.439). These results indicated that one and four sets of DS effectively increased musculotendinous extensibility. Thus, one set of DS may have similar effects as a warm-up before four sets of DS.
Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds as Potential PDE4B Inhibitors in Activated Macrophages
Authors: Todisco Simona , Infantino Vittoria , Caruso Anna , Santarsiero Anna , Convertini Paolo , El-Kashef Hussein , Giuzio Federica , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Saturnino Carmela
Published: August 2024

Cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) represent a superfamily of enzymes playing a pivotal role in cell signaling by controlling cAMP and cGMP levels in response to receptor activation. PDE activity and expression are linked to many diseases including inflammatory diseases. In light of their specific biochemical properties, PDE inhibition has attracted the interest of several researrs In this context, PDE4 inhibition induces anti-inflammatory effects. Piclamilast and rolipram, well-known PDE4 inhibitors, are endowed with common side effects. The selective phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitors could be a promising approach to overcome these side effects. In the present study, six potential PDE4B inhibitors have been investigated. Through this study, we identified three PDE4B inhibitors in human macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. Interestingly, two of them reduced reactive oxygen species production in pro-inflammatory macrophages.
Enhanced Boulder Detection in Subway Construction through 3D Cross-Hole Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Yue Mingxin , Wang Xiaochun , Gu Hongbiao
Published: August 2024

In subway construction, the presence of boulders can significantly impact excavation and tunneling processes. However, despite these challenges, an effective and reliable method for detecting boulders in advance has not yet been established. This paper presents a novel method for detecting and characterizing boulders using 3D cross-hole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The proposed technique involves the strategic deployment of multiple borehole electrodes, which work together to create a comprehensive three-dimensional resistivity model of the subsurface. This model allows for the identification and characterization of boulders, providing crucial information about their location and size. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in a physical flume experiment and a case study of subway construction, The findings from both the laboratory and field studies indicate that the 3D cross-hole ERT method is not only effective in detecting boulders and providing detailed information about their size and spatial distribution but also optimizes construction planning, reduces unexpected disruptions and additional costs, and enhances overall construction safety. The results highlight the potential of 3D cross-hole ERT as a valuable tool for geological assessments during infrastructure development.
The Design and Application of a New Wireline Pressure Coring System for the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Methane Hydrate Expedition in the South China Sea
Authors: Lu Qiuping , Qin Rulei , Yu Yanjiang , Qi Liqiang , Xie Wenwei , Lu Hongfeng , Xu Benchong , Shi Haoxian , Xu Chenlu , Li Xingchen
Published: August 2024

Natural gas hydrate is widely distributed, shallow-buried, clean, and pollution-free and has enormous reserves, it is regarded as the alternative clean energy source in the oil and gas field with the most potential. Pressure coring is the only way to drill for gas hydrate core on the surface under in situ conditions, which is of great value for analyzing its occurrence conditions and reserves comprehensively. Based on this, a new wireline pressure coring system (WPCS) with a ball valve seal was designed and developed in this paper; it was applied in the deep sea for the first time in the South China Sea hydrate survey voyage of the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey (GMGS). A total of 15 runs of deep-sea gas hydrate drilling and coring applications were carried out, and they tested well. The experimental water depth was 1700–1800 m, and the coring depth below the seafloor was about 100–150 m. The formation consisted of sandy hydrate and argillaceous hydrate. The results showed the following. (1) The success rate of ball valve turn-over could reach almost 100% in the argillaceous hydrate reservoir, although there are some isolated cases of pressure relief. Meanwhile, drilling in the sandy hydrate reservoir, the success rate was only 54.55%. (2) When drilling in the argillaceous hydrate reservoir, the core recovery rate could reach 80%, while in the sandy hydrate reservoir, it was almost 0%. In practice, the sandy formation with gas hydrate is stiff to drill compared to the performance in argillaceous formations. After our analysis, it was believed that the ball valve and core tube could be easily plugged by sand debris during the sampling of sandy hydrate formation. Moreover, the sandy core is easily plugged into the core liner because of the high friction of sand grains in clearance. (3) The pressure-holding effect of the core drilling tool was related to the formation of hydrate, the sealing form of the ball valve, and the environmental pressure. Sandy hydrate formations often caused the ball valve to jam, while the muddy hydrate formation did not. The research results of this paper have reference value for the further optimization of the WPCS structure, the optimization of drilling parameters, and the design parameters of the ball valve structure, which could be better used for the pressure coring of gas hydrate and subsequent research work in the future.
Spatial Data Fusion Model Design and Research for an Underground Pipeline in Urban Environment Scene Modeling
Authors: Shen Tao , Zhang Huabin , Huo Liang , Sun Di
Published: August 2024

In the rapid development of urban construction, underground pipelines play a crucial role. However, the current underground pipelines have poor association with relevant management departments, and there are deficiencies in data completeness, accuracy, and information content. Managing and sharing information resources is relatively difficult, transforming the constructed 3D underground pipeline geographic information systems into an ‘Information silo’. This results in redundant construction and resource wastage of underground utilities. The complex distribution characteristics of underground utilities make rapid batch modeling and post-model maintenance challenging. Therefore, researching a 3D spatial data fusion model for urban underground utilities becomes particularly important. Given the above problem, this paper proposes a spatial data fusion model for underground pipeline scene modeling. It elaborates on the geometric, semantic, and temporal characteristics of underground pipelines, encapsulating these features. With underground pipeline objects as the core and pipeline characteristics as the foundation, a spatial data fusion model integrating multiple characteristics of underground pipelines has been constructed. Through software development, the data model designed in this paper facilitates rapid construction of underground pipeline scenes. This further enhances the consistency and integrity of underground pipeline data, enabling shared resources and comprehensive supervision of facility operations on a daily basis.
Women’s Singles Tennis Match Analysis and Probability of Winning a Point
Authors: Gutiérrez-Santiago Alfonso , Cidre-Fuentes Pablo , Orío-García Eduardo , Silva-Pinto Antonio José , Reguera-López-de-la-Osa Xoana , Prieto-Lage Iván
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: The analysis of women’s tennis performance has not been extensively explored by the scientific community, necessitating further research to understand the tactical actions occurring in matches. This research aimed to examine the chance of winning a point in professional women’s tennis based on the key variables that influence performance in the sport. (2) Methods: Data from 3239 points were examined across three distinct court surfaces, sourced from the final rounds (starting with the quarterfinals) of three Grand Slam tournaments in the 2021 season. An observational methodology was employed, using various analysis techniques: descriptive and chi-square analyses, with a significance level of p < 0.05. (3) Results: The probability of winning a point on the first serve was 61% on clay, 70% on grass, and 69% on hard courts. For second serves, the probability of winning the point varied between 55% and 57%, depending on the court surface. Additionally, the majority of points, ranging from 70% to 71%, concluded with short rallies, involving one to four shots. On clay courts, the server won up to 65% of points with a first serve and a short rally, while the success rate increased to 75% on both grass and hard courts. For medium-length rallies (5–8 shots), the probability of winning the point dropped to 55–57%. The point outcome (winner, forced error, and unforced error) varied according to court surface, serve type, and rally length. (4) Conclusions: Descriptive data from this research on the probability of winning a point could assist coaches and players in developing match strategies.
Analysis of the Characteristics and Mechanism of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Net Primary Productivity (NPP) in Northwest Liaoning Province
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2024

This study used Theil–Sen median trend analysis and Mann–Kendall test, which are more suitable for long-term series research, to analyze high-precision NPP data and investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of NPP (net primary productivity) in northwest Liaoning from 2001 to 2021. We further analyzed the impact of the natural environment and land use types on NPP in the region using correlation and a one-way linear regression analysis. The results show that (1) the interannual NPP values exhibited a generally increasing yet fluctuating trend, with the gradient of NPP decrease moving from northwest to southeast. (2) NPP in northwest Liaoning was predominantly influenced by climatic variations, with significant impacts from the combined precipitation–temperature effects seen in 74% of the region, 65% influenced by precipitation alone, and 26% by non-climatic factors. (3) The interaction of soil and vegetation also impacted NPP, which displayed variable rising trends across different soil types in northwest Liaoning. (4) Alterations in land use led to a hierarchical arrangement of the multi-year average NPP values, listed from highest to lowest as forest land, grassland, cultivated land, built-up areas, unused land, and watersheds.
The Influence of Grain Size Gradation on Deformation and the Void Structure Evolution Mechanism of Broken Rock Mass in the Goaf
Authors: Meng Fanfei , Liu Wang , Pu Hai , Li Ming , Chen Yanlong
Published: August 2024

The high porosity and high specific surface area of the broken rock mass in abandoned mine goaf make it an excellent thermal storage space. The void structure is an important factor that affects the permeability characteristics of broken rock mass, which determines the efficiency of extracting geothermal water from abandoned mine shafts. To accurately describe the void structure of broken rock mass, the effect of particle erosion on the fracture of rock blocks is considered in this study, based on which an impact-induced strength corrosion calculation model was proposed. Then, this calculation model was embedded into the three-dimensional numerical simulation of broken rock mass for secondary development. A discrete element numerical calculation model was established for broken rock masses with different size grading distributions under water immersion and lateral compression conditions. On this basis, considering the strength erosion effect of impacts, this study investigated the deformation and fracture characteristics of broken rock masses with different size grading distributions and analyzed the evolution laws of porosity in the broken rock masses. The main findings are as follows: The impact effect has a significant influence on the growth of microcracks and the breakage rate of broken rock mass. When the particle size of the broken rock mass differs significantly (size grading as G3), impact-induced strength erosion exerts the greatest impact on the growth of microcracks and the breakage rate. When the particle size of the broken rock mass is uniform (size grading as G1), impact-induced strength erosion minimally impacts the secondary fracturing of the broken rock mass. When the strain of the broken rock sample is less than 0.175, the distribution of microcracks is scattered; when the strain reaches 0.275, microcrack propagation accelerates and exhibits a clustered distribution; and when the strain reaches 0.375, microcracks exhibit a reticular distribution and their connectivity is enhanced. With the increase in deformation, the broken rock mass porosity decreases, and the porosity curve fluctuates along the z-axis with a decreasing trend and gradually becomes more uniform. This study provides a theoretical foundation for assessing the efficiency of extracting and storing mine water with heat in abandoned mine geothermal mining projects.
Regional Logistics Express Demand Forecasting Based on Improved GA-BP Neural Network with Indicator Data Characteristics
Authors: Ma Feihu , Wang Shuhan , Xie Tianchang , Sun Cuiyu
Published: August 2024

In the current era, the government consistently emphasizes the pursuit of high-quality development, as evidenced by the ongoing increase in the tertiary industry’s GDP share. As a crucial component of the modern service sector, logistics plays a pivotal role in determining the operational efficiency and overall quality of the industrial economy. This study focuses on constructing a Chongqing logistics express demand prediction index system. It employs an improved BP neural network model to forecast the logistics express demand for Chongqing over the next five years. Given the limited express demand data sequence and the normalized characteristics of the data, the selected training method is the Bayesian regularization approach, with the LeCun Tanh function serving as the hidden layer activation function. Additionally, a genetic algorithm is designed to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the BP neural network, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy and reducing the number of iterations. The experimental results of the improved GA-BP network are analyzed and compared, demonstrating that the improved BP neural network, utilizing GA optimization, can more reliably and accurately predict regional logistics express demand. According to the findings, the forecast indicates that the logistics express demand for Chongqing in 2026 will be 2,171,642,700 items.
Correlation between Perceived Exertion, Wellness Scores, and Training Load in Professional Football across Microcycle Durations
Authors: Vardakis Lazaros , Koutsokosta Marianthi , Michailidis Yiannis , Zelenitsas Charalambos , Topalidis Panagiotis , Metaxas Thomas I.
Published: August 2024

Perceived exertion (RPE, RPEdur) and wellness scores (Hooper) are common methods to assess the training load and readiness in football. However, in professional football, there is a lack of data concerning the application of these tools in microcycles of different durations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the correlations between (a) RPE, RPEdur, and weekly external load (EXLD) and (b) Hooper and EXLD within microcycles of different durations. Independent of the microcycle’s length, RPE and RPEdur correlated with the EXLD. In MIC5, RPE and RPEdur correlated with the EXLD, except for accelerations > 3 m/s2 (ACh) and distance > 25.5 km/h (SPvh). In MIC6, RPE and RPEdur correlated with the EXLD, except Ach (with RPE). In MIC7 and MIC9, RPE and RPEdur correlated with the EXLD, except RPE with ACh. For Hooper variables, independent of the microcycle duration, SRN and FTG had more correlations in comparison to SLP; the same finding was observed in MIC7 and MIC9, but SRN and SLP in MIC5 and MIC6, respectively, had no correlations. Multiple regression analysis showed that for RPE, the main predictors are total distance (TD), metabolic power distance > 50 w/kg (PWvh), and ACh, which can explain 31% of the variance, but for RPEdur, 58% can be explained by DUR, TD, and PWvh. For SLP, the predictors FTG and SRN can explain a very small percentile of the variance (1%, 4%, and 6%, respectively). The main findings were the multiple correlations between RPE, RPEdur, Hooper, and microcycles of different durations; most of them were found for long durations. This tendency is similar to that described in the literature for microcycles of the same duration. (a) EXLD has a stronger correlation with RPEdur than with RPE, and (b) FTG and SRN are the best predictors of the EXLD during the upcoming training session. It is recommended that fitness coaches use these tools to assess and forecast the training load; thus, they will be able to prepare more effective sessions during microcycles of different durations.
Influence of the Geometric Properties, the Timber–Concrete Interface, and the Load Protocol on the Mechanical Properties of Timber–Concrete Composite Connections
Authors: Mönch Simon , Campos Joana A. A. , Dias Alfredo M. P. G. , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: August 2024

Timber–concrete composite (TCC) structural systems are characterized by the combination of timber and concrete, which are connected to transmit shear forces between the two elements. In addition, to achieve an efficient connection, the slip between the two materials should be limited. Therefore, the load-carrying capacity, the stiffness, and the failure mode of TCC connections are important for the behavior of the composite element. This work aims to investigate the influence of test conditions on TCC connections using shear tests to determine the mechanical properties of connections. Therefore, it is essential to understand the influence of the configuration of the specimens (symmetric as push-out tests or asymmetric as inclined tests), the type of interface between the timber and concrete, and the test procedure (static or cyclic load protocol) on the resulting load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and failure modes. This paper reviews experimental tests conducted on TCC shear connection specimens, using various configurations to assess the influence of the test specimen configuration, material interface, and testing protocol on the determination of the mechanical properties.
Enhancing Quality Management of PHC Piles through Improved Driving Formulas: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis
Authors: Kim Gunwoong , Seo Seunghwan , Kim Juhyong , Choi Changho , Chung Moonkyung
Published: August 2024

In construction projects, conducting dynamic load tests on all piles proves impractical. Selective testing estimates bearing capacity, while the remaining piles rely on penetration depth for management. This approach, however, faces reliability issues due to varying conditions among piles. Technological advancements, such as non-contact hammers and sensors, have enhanced the accuracy of penetration depth measurements during final driving. Nonetheless, relying solely on penetration depth for construction and quality management remains problematic. This study, therefore, focuses on enhancing the use of driving formulas to improve pile quality management, particularly for the widely used pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) piles. To improve pile quality management, existing driving formulas underwent review and refinement. Utilizing 258 dynamic load test data from various sites, the Hiley, Gates, and Danish formulas underwent validation through statistical analysis and graphical comparison. Enhancements to the Gates formula, achieved through curve fitting with actual data and the application of segment-based coefficients, demonstrated increased accuracy in bearing capacity estimation. These improvements offer a more reliable approach to pile quality management in construction projects.
Coseismic Slip and Downdip Afterslip Associated with the 2021 Maduo Earthquake Revealed by Sentinel-1 A/B Data
Authors: He Yang , Tian Zhen , Su Lina , Feng Hongwu , Yan Wenhua , Zhang Yongqi
Published: August 2024

On 22 May 2021, an earthquake (98.3° E and 34.59° N) struck Maduo town in Qinghai province, occurring along a relatively obscure secondary fault within the block. We utilized 105 archived Sentinel-1A/B acquisitions to investigate the coseismic deformation and the evolution of postseismic displacements in both the temporal and spatial domains, as well as the associated dynamic mechanisms of the 2021 Maduo earthquake. The interference fringes and coseismic deformation revealed that the primary feature of this event was the rupture along a left-lateral strike-slip fault. The released seismic moment was close to 1.88 × 1020 N·m, which is equivalent to an Mw 7.45 event. Simultaneously, the maximum coseismic slip reached approximately 4 m along the fault plane. The evolution of postseismic displacements in both the temporal and spatial domains over 450 days following the mainshock was further analyzed to explore the underlying physical mechanisms. Generally, the patterns of coseismic slip and afterslip were similar, although the postseismic displacements decayed rapidly over time. The modeled afterslip downdip of the coseismic rupture (at depths of 15–40 km) effectively explains the postseismic deformation, with a released moment estimated at 4.57 × 1019 N·m (corresponding to Mw 7.04). Additionally, we found that regions with high coseismic slip tend to exhibit weak seismicity, and that afterslip and aftershocks are likely driven by each other. Finally, we estimated the Coulomb Failure Stress changes (ΔCFS) triggered by both coseismic rupture and aseismic slip resulting from this event. The co- and postseismic ΔCFS show similar patterns, but the magnitude of the postseismic ΔCFS is much lower (≤0.01 MPa). We found that ΔCFS notably increased on the Yushu segment of the Garze-Yushu-Xianshuihe Fault (GYXF), as well as the Maqin–Maqu and Tuosuo Lake sections of the East Kunlun Fault (EKF). Therefore, we infer that these fault segments may have a higher potential seismic risk and should be carefully monitored in the future.
Incidental Findings in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Pouliezou Ioanna , Xenou Angeliki , Mitsea Anastasia , Christoloukas Nikolaos , Briamatou Kyriaki , Konstantinidis Iordanis , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Sifakakis Iosif
Published: August 2024

Incidental findings (IFs) depicted in imaging tests during the diagnostic evaluation of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) can guide clinicians during treatment planning procedures for effective, comprehensive cleft care. Evidence regarding IFs in different anatomical regions distant from the dentition is scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of IFs in various anatomical areas between patients with non-syndromic CL/P and unaffected subjects. Orthopantomographs (OPTs), lateral cephalometric (LC) radiographs, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 120 subjects (case group: n = 40, 18 females, age 14.5 ± 5.0 years; control group: n = 80, 36 females, age 14.6 ± 4.9 years) were examined, and IFs were assessed by four observers. A significantly higher prevalence of IFs (p < 0.001) was reported in the case group (97.5%) compared with the control group (62.5%). The most prevalent location of IFs in the case group was the maxilla (92.5%), followed by the nasal cavity (75.8%) and the mandible (63.2%), while in the control group, the highest rates of IFs occurred in the maxilla (43.8%), mandible (41.3%), and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (14.7%). No gender-dependent pattern for IF occurrence was detected overall. Orofacial clefts may affect the mandible. However, the reported IFs were limited compared to those in the maxilla. In conclusion, individuals with CL/P are more likely to present with a range of IFs than their unaffected peers. Understanding the association between CL/P and IFs is critical for successful interdisciplinary treatment, raising awareness of the potential need for future dental care for cleft patients, and managing extra-dental aberrations. A systematic assessment of diagnostic records is required to eliminate the risk of overlooking clinically significant IFs.
Toeplitz Matrices for a Class of Bazilevič Functions and the λ-Pseudo-Starlike Functions
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Sehen Salam Abdulhussein , Páll-Szabó Ágnes Orsolya
Published: August 2024

In the present paper, we define and study a new family of holomorphic functions which involve the Bazilevič functions and the λ-pseudo-starlike functions. We establish coefficient estimates for the first four determinants of the symmetric Toeplitz matrices T2(2), T2(3), T3(1) and T3(2) for the functions in this family. Further, we investigate several special cases and consequences of our results.
The Impacts of Frozen Material-Other-Than-Grapes (MOG) on Aroma Compounds of Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
Authors: Lan Yibin , Xu Xiaoyu , Wang Jiaming , Aubie Emily , Crombleholme Marnie , Reynolds Andrew
Published: August 2024

An undesirable sensory attribute (“floral taint”) has recently been detected in red wines from some winegrowing jurisdictions in North America (e.g., Ontario, British Columbia, Washington), caused by the introduction of frost-killed leaves and petioles [materials-other-than-grapes (MOG)] during mechanical harvest and winemaking. It was hypothesized that terpenes, norisoprenoids, and higher alcohols would be the main responsible compounds. The objectives were to investigate the causative volatile compounds for floral taint and explore threshold concentrations for this problem. Commercial wines displaying varying intensities of floral taint were subjected to GC-MS and sensory analysis. Several odor-active compounds were higher in floral-tainted wines, including terpenes (geraniol, citronellol, cis- and trans-rose oxide), norisoprenoids (β-damascenone, β-ionone), five ethyl esters, and three alcohols. Thereafter, fermentations of Cabernet Franc (CF) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) (2016, 2017) were conducted. MOG treatments were (w/w): 0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 5% petioles, and 0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% leaf blades. Terpenes (linalool, geraniol, nerol, nerolidol, citronellol, citral, cis- and trans-rose oxides, eugenol, myrcene), norisoprenoids (α- and β-ionone), and others (e.g., hexanol, octanol, methyl and ethyl salicylate) increased linearly/quadratically with increasing MOG levels in both cultivars. Principal components analysis separated MOG treatments from the controls, with 5% petioles and 2% leaves as extremes. Increasing MOG levels in CF wines increased floral aroma intensity, primarily associated with terpenes, higher alcohols, and salicylates. Increased leaf levels in CF were associated with higher vegetal and earthy attributes. Increased petioles in CS were not correlated with floral aromas, but increased leaves increased floral, vegetal, and herbaceous attributes. Overall, petioles contributed more to floral taint than leaves through increased terpenes and salicylates (floral notes), while leaves predominantly contributed norisoprenoids and C6 alcohols (green notes).
Pigmented Native Maize: Unlocking the Potential of Anthocyanins and Bioactive Compounds from Traditional to Functional Beverages
Authors: Reyes-Pavón Diana , Soto-Sigala Kathleen Stephany , Cano-Sampedro Edén , Méndez-Trujillo Vianey , Navarro-Ibarra María Josse , Pérez-Pasten-Borja Ricardo , Olvera-Sandoval Carlos , Torres-Maravilla Edgar
Published: August 2024

Cereals have been a foundational component of human diets across different continents, with rice dominating in Asia, sorghum in Africa, wheat in Europe, and maize in America. Mexico, more accurately Mesoamerica, is recognized as the origin of maize (including pigmented maize), with its first ancestor traced back to Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico. Pigmented maize owes its vibrant colors due to its anthocyanin (i.e., cyanidin-3-glucoside) contents, which contribute to the red, purple, or blue coloration and offer notable health benefits. The antioxidant properties of maize are crucial, given the role of oxidative stress in various diseases, and present a valuable resource for functional foods and nutraceuticals. Emerging studies underscore the prebiotic potential of anthocyanins, showing their ability to modulate gut microbiota positively. This review aims to explore the potential of pigmented maize in traditional Mexican beverage (such as pozol and tejuino) production, emphasizing the bioactive compounds (mainly anthocyanins) present and their health benefits while also considering new opportunities in the functional food industry.
Color and Its Effect on Dietitians’ Food Choices: Insights from Tomato Juice Evaluation
Authors: Bielaszka Agnieszka , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria , Kiciak Agata , Wieczorek Martyna , Kardas Marek
Published: August 2024

Color plays a significant role in consumer decisions about food products, influencing preferences and choices and eliciting positive or negative associations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of color on dietitian food preferences, using selected tomato juices as an example. This study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the color of the tomato juices was evaluated using a Tri-Color SF80 spectrophotometer. In the second stage, the serialization method performed sensory analysis among dietitians. Results showed that dietitians pay special attention to the color of food products. Spectrophotometric analysis indicated that not all tested pairs of juices had color differences noticeable to an inexperienced observer. There was no clear correlation between the specific color parameters and the choices made by dietitians. These findings suggest that while color is an important factor in consumer preferences, it is not the sole determinant, highlighting the complexity of consumer decision-making processes and providing valuable insights for product marketing strategies.
Emotion Detection from EEG Signals Using Machine Deep Learning Models
Authors: Fernandes João Vitor Marques Rabelo , Alexandria Auzuir Ripardo de , Marques João Alexandre Lobo , Assis Débora Ferreira de , Motta Pedro Crosara , Silva Bruno Riccelli dos Santos
Published: August 2024

Detecting emotions is a growing field aiming to comprehend and interpret human emotions from various data sources, including text, voice, and physiological signals. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a unique and promising approach among these sources. EEG is a non-invasive monitoring technique that records the brain’s electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp’s surface. It is used in clinical and research contexts to explore how the human brain responds to emotions and cognitive stimuli. Recently, its use has gained interest in real-time emotion detection, offering a direct approach independent of facial expressions or voice. This is particularly useful in resource-limited scenarios, such as brain–computer interfaces supporting mental health. The objective of this work is to evaluate the classification of emotions (positive, negative, and neutral) in EEG signals using machine learning and deep learning, focusing on Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNN), based on the analysis of critical attributes of the EEG signal (Differential Entropy (DE), Power Spectral Density (PSD), Differential Asymmetry (DASM), Rational Asymmetry (RASM), Asymmetry (ASM), Differential Causality (DCAU)). The electroencephalography dataset used in the research was the public SEED dataset (SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset), obtained through auditory and visual stimuli in segments from Chinese emotional movies. The experiment employed to evaluate the model results was “subject-dependent”. In this method, the Deep Neural Network (DNN) achieved an accuracy of 86.08%, surpassing SVM, albeit with significant processing time due to the optimization characteristics inherent to the algorithm. The GCNN algorithm achieved an average accuracy of 89.97% in the subject-dependent experiment. This work contributes to emotion detection in EEG, emphasizing the effectiveness of different models and underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate features and the ethical use of these technologies in practical applications. The GCNN emerges as the most promising methodology for future research.
Real-World Data and Real-World Evidence in Healthcare in the United States and Europe Union
Authors: Zou Kelly H. , Berger Marc L.
Published: August 2024

The use of real-world data (RWD) for healthcare decision-making is complicated by concerns regarding whether RWD is fit-for-purpose or is of sufficient validity to support the creation of credible RWE. An efficient mechanism for screening the quality of RWD is needed as regulatory agencies begin to use real-world evidence (RWE) to inform decisions about treatment effectiveness and safety. First, we provide an overview of RWD and RWE. Data quality frameworks (DQFs) in the US and EU were examined, including their dimensions and subdimensions. There is some convergence of the conceptual DQFs on specific assessment criteria. Second, we describe a list of screening criteria for assessing the quality of RWD sources. The curation and analysis of RWD will continue to evolve in light of developments in digital health and artificial intelligence (AI). In conclusion, this paper provides a perspective on the utilization of RWD and RWE in healthcare decision-making. It covers the types and uses of RWD, data quality frameworks (DQFs), regulatory landscapes, and the potential impact of RWE, as well as the challenges and opportunities for the greater leveraging of RWD to create credible RWE.
A Bioreactor for Celullarised Membrane Culture and Delivery under Sterile Conditions
Authors: Gereka Ainitze , Urtaza Uzuri , Larreategi Pablo , Prosper Felipe , Andreu Enrique José , Zaldua Ane Miren
Published: August 2024

A novel, user-friendly bioreactor for the cultivation of cellularised membranes for tissue engineering has been successfully designed, manufactured, and validated. This bioreactor features a culture vessel and a cover, the latter equipped with one or more sidewalls to ensure airtightness in two distinct zones, thereby maintaining sterile conditions. The cover, designed to integrate seamlessly with the culture vessel, includes several ports compatible with commercial connectors. This design allows the introduction of cells and culture medium without requiring the opening of the cover, thus preserving sterility. Additionally, the cover is equipped with flanges that effectively press the membrane against the bottom surface of the culture vessel, preventing it from shrinking or shifting. This ensures that cells can properly adhere to the membrane and proliferate. Manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions, the bioreactor supports cultivation in optimal aseptic environments, thereby preventing external contamination. This feature is critical for the safe transportation of cultivated tissue to clinical settings. Validation tests have confirmed the bioreactor’s excellent performance, endorsing its suitability for intended applications in tissue engineering.
Loss-of-Imprinting of HM13 Leads to Poor Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Voorthuijzen Floris , Stroobandt Cedric , Van Criekinge Wim , Goovaerts Tine , De Meyer Tim
Published: August 2024

Genomic imprinting refers to the epigenetic silencing of one of both alleles in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, particularly in genes regulating growth and development. Impaired genomic imprinting leading to the activation of the silenced allele, also called canonical loss-of-imprinting (LOI), is considered an early factor in oncogenesis. As LOI studies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are limited to IGF2, we performed a genome-wide analysis in 128 kidney normal solid tissue and 240 stage 1 ccRCC samples (TCGA RNA-seq data) to screen for canonical LOI in early oncogenesis. In ccRCC, we observed LOI (adj. p = 2.74 × 10−3) of HM13 (Histocompatibility Minor 13), a signal peptide peptidase involved in epitope generation. HM13 LOI samples featured HM13 overexpression, both compared to normal solid tissues (p = 3.00 × 10−7) and non-LOI (p = 1.27 × 10−2) samples. Upon adjustment for age and sex, HM13 expression was significantly associated with poor survival (p = 7.10 × 10−5). Moreover, HM13 overexpression consistently exacerbated with increasing tumor stage (p = 2.90 × 10−8). For IGF2, LOI was observed in normal solid tissues, but the prevalence did not increase in cancer. In conclusion, HM13 LOI is an early event in ccRCC, causing overexpression leading to poor prognosis.
An Update on Polyphosphate In Vivo Activities
Authors: Schoeppe Robert , Waldmann Moritz , Jessen Henning J. , Renné Thomas
Published: August 2024

Polyphosphate (polyP) is an evolutionary ancient inorganic molecule widespread in biology, exerting a broad range of biological activities. The intracellular polymer serves as an energy storage pool and phosphate/calcium ion reservoir with implications for basal cellular functions. Metabolisms of the polymer are well understood in procaryotes and unicellular eukaryotic cells. However, functions, regulation, and association with disease states of the polymer in higher eukaryotic species such as mammalians are just beginning to emerge. The review summarises our current understanding of polyP metabolism, the polymer’s functions, and methods for polyP analysis. In-depth knowledge of the pathways that control polyP turnover will open future perspectives for selective targeting of the polymer.
Skeletal Muscle-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation Accelerates the Recovery of Peripheral Nerve Gap Injury under 50% and 100% Allogeneic Compatibility with the Swine Leucocyte Antigen
Authors: Tamaki Tetsuro , Natsume Toshiharu , Katoh Akira , Shigenari Atsuko , Shiina Takashi , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Saito Kosuke , Fukuzawa Tsuyoshi , Otake Masayoshi , Enya Satoko , Kangawa Akihisa , Imai Takeshi , Tamaki Miyu , Uchiyama Yoshiyasu
Published: August 2024

Pig skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (SK-MSCs) were transplanted onto the common peroneal nerve with a collagen tube as a preclinical large animal experiment designed to address long nerve gaps. In terms of therapeutic usefulness, a human family case was simulated by adjusting the major histocompatibility complex to 50% and 100% correspondences. Swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I haplotypes were analyzed and clarified, as well as cell transplantation. Skeletal muscle-derived CD34+/45− (Sk-34) cells were injected into bridged tubes in two groups (50% and 100%) and with non-cell groups. Therapeutic effects were evaluated using sedentary/general behavior-based functional recovery score, muscle atrophy ratio, and immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that a two-Sk-34-cell-transplantation group showed clearly and significantly favorable functional recovery compared to a non-cell bridging-only group. Supporting functional recovery, the morphological reconstitution of the axons, endoneurium, and perineurium was predominantly evident in the transplanted groups. Thus, Sk-34 cell transplantation is effective for the regeneration of peripheral nerve gap injury. Additionally, 50% and 100% SLA correspondences were therapeutically similar and not problematic, and no adverse reaction was found in the 50% group. Therefore, the immunological response to Sk-MSCs is considered relatively low. The possibility of the Sk-MSC transplantation therapy may extend to the family members beyond the autologous transplantation.
The Role of Bone Edema in Plantar Fasciitis Treated with Temperature-Controlled High-Energy Adjustable Multi-Mode Emission Laser (THEAL) and Exercise: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Covelli Ilaria , De Giorgi Silvana , Di Lorenzo Antonio , Moretti Biagio , Solarino Giuseppe , Notarnicola Angela
Published: August 2024

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of foot pain; in 35% of cases, it is also associated with bone edema of the heel. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bone edema and the outcomes of temperature-controlled high-energy adjustable multi-mode emission laser (THEAL) and/or exercises in patients with plantar fasciitis. A prospective randomized clinical trial was designed, in which 48 patients suffering from plantar fasciitis, with or without bone edema, were treated with temperature-controlled high-energy adjustable multi-mode emission laser and exercises (the laser group) or with exercises only (the control group). The patients were evaluated at recruitment (T0) and at 2 (T1) and 6 months (T2), monitoring pain (with the Visual Analogue Scale), functionality (with the Foot Function Index), perception of improvement (with the Roles and Maudsley Score), and fascia thickness (with ultrasound examination). In both groups, there was a significant improvement in pain, functional recovery, perception of remission, and a reduction in plantar fascia thickness at T1 and T2. The laser group presented statistically better values at T2 for the Roles and Maudsley Score (z: 2.21; 0.027). The regression analysis showed that a greater reduction in fascia thickness occurred in the laser group (p-value: 0.047). In conclusion, the two conservative treatments were effective in patients suffering from plantar fasciitis, even in the presence of bone edema, but with lesser results.
The Interplay among Wnt/β-catenin Family Members in Colorectal Adenomas and Surrounding Tissues
Authors: D’Antonio Domenica Lucia , Fantini Fabiana , Moscatello Carmelo , Ferrone Alessio , Scaringi Stefano , Valanzano Rosa , Ficari Ferdinando , Efthymakis Konstantinos , Neri Matteo , Aceto Gitana Maria , Curia Maria Cristina
Published: August 2024

Background: The colorectal adenoma undergoes neoplastic progression via the normal epithelium–adenoma–adenocarcinoma sequence as reported in the Vogelgram. The hazard of developing a tumor is deeply associated with the number and size of adenomas and their subtype. Adenomatous polyps are histologically categorized as follows: approximately 80–90% are tubular, 5–15% are villous, and 5–10% are tubular/villous. Given the higher risk of a malignant transformation observed in tubular/villous adenomas, patients diagnosed with adenomatous polyposis are at an improved risk of developing CRC. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a key role in the onset of colorectal adenoma; in particular, intestinal cells first acquire loss-of-function mutations in the APC gene that induce the formation of adenomas. Methods: Wnt/β-catenin pathway APC, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, LEF1, and BCL9 genes and protein expression analyses were conducted by qRT-PCR and western blot in 68 colonic samples (polyps and adjacent mucosa) from 41 patients, of which 17 were affected by FAP. Ten normal colonic mucosal samples were collected from 10 healthy donors. Results: In this study, both the APC gene and protein were less expressed in the colon tumor compared to the adjacent colonic mucosa. Conversely, the activated β-catenin was more expressed in polyps than in the adjacent mucosa. All results confirmed the literature data on carcinomas. A statistically significant correlation between Wnt3a and BCL9 both in polyps and in the adjacent mucosa underlines that the canonical Wnt pathway is activated in early colon carcinogenesis and that the adjacent mucosa is already altered. Conclusion: This is the first study analyzing the difference in expression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human colorectal adenomas. Understanding the progression from adenomas to colorectal carcinomas is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies and improving clinical outcomes with the use of APC and β-catenin as biomarkers.
Ultrasound-Compatible Electrode for Functional Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Moon Sunho , Xue Xiangming , Ganesh Vidisha , Shukla Darpan , Kreager Benjamin C. , Cai Qianqian , Wu Huaiyu , Zhu Yong , Sharma Nitin , Jiang Xiaoning
Published: August 2024

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a vital method in neurorehabilitation used to reanimate paralyzed muscles, enhance the size and strength of atrophied muscles, and reduce spasticity. FES often leads to increased muscle fatigue, necessitating careful monitoring of the patient’s response. Ultrasound (US) imaging has been utilized to provide valuable insights into FES-induced fatigue by assessing changes in muscle thickness, stiffness, and strain. Current commercial FES electrodes lack sufficient US transparency, hindering the observation of muscle activity beneath the skin where the electrodes are placed. US-compatible electrodes are essential for accurate imaging and optimal FES performance, especially given the spatial constraints of conventional US probes and the need to monitor muscle areas directly beneath the electrodes. This study introduces specially designed body-conforming US-compatible FES (US-FES) electrodes constructed with a silver nanowire/polydimethylsiloxane (AgNW/PDMS) composite. We compared the performance of our body-conforming US-FES electrode with a commercial hydrogel electrode. The findings revealed that our US-FES electrode exhibited comparable conductivity and performance to the commercial one. Furthermore, US compatibility was investigated through phantom and in vivo tests, showing significant compatibility even during FES, unlike the commercial electrode. The results indicated that US-FES electrodes hold significant promise for the real-time monitoring of muscle activity during FES in clinical rehabilitative applications.