bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmark of the Oxford Nanopore, EM-seq, and HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip for the detection of the 5mC sites in cancer and normal samples
Authors: Deinichenko Kseniia A. , Vynogradskaya Valentina G. , Grebnev Pavel A. , Mikova Valeriya M. , Bobylev Dmitriy O. , Shaymardanov Abusaid M. , Ivashechkin Alexey A. , Erokhina Marina V. , Akinshina Alexandra I. , Semyanihina Anna V. , Mitrofanov Sergey I. , Grammatikati Konstantin S. , Yudin Vladimir S. , Yudin Sergey M. , Makhotenko Antonida V. , Keskinov Anton A. , Kraevoy Sergey A. , Makarova Anna S. , Snigir Ekaterina A. , Svetlichnyy Dmitry V. , Skvortsova Veronika I.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Whole-genome DNA methylation identification is crucial for profiling physiologically and clinically relevant epigenetic changes. Although there are multiple experimental methods, their accuracy, advantages, and disadvantages need to be investigated in their application to complex tissue objects. In this study, we performed a benchmark of 5mC detection with Oxford Nanopore and enzymatic methyl-sequencing (EM-seq) methods.

Material and Methods: To this end, we profiled in a genome-wide manner 5mC sites in colorectal tumors and normal tissues for three patients and applied the HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip as an additional control approach. We estimated the whole-genome scale of the methylation detection that each method yields.

Results: Our investigation describes the sensitivity and specificity of each platform and the impact that sequencing coverage brings. Our analysis revealed the higher sensitivity and specificity of Nanopore sequencing over the EM-seq method. Moreover, Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing, followed by Megalodon methylation detection, demonstrates better quantitative agreement of the epigenetic signals between biological replicates. Furthermore, our analysis highlights that with 40× and above coverage, EM-seq slightly outperforms ONT and yields highly accurate detection of the 5mC signals (AuPR = 0.99178 and AuROC = 0.98161).

Conclusion: The study was performed on colon cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples, placing our investigation close to the real application of methylation studies in oncology.
Valorization of peanut shells through biochar production using slow and fast pyrolysis and its detailed physicochemical characterization
Authors: Sawargaonkar Gajanan , Pasumarthi Rajesh , Kale Santosh , Choudhari Pushpajeet , Rakesh S. , Mutnuri Srikanth , Singh Ajay , Sudini Harikishan , Ramaraju Manasa , Singh Ramesh , Padhee Arabinda Kumar , Jat Mangi Lal
Published: July 2024

Valorization of peanut shells has recently gained prominence in the context of thermally converting agricultural waste into biochar, a carbon-rich byproduct with significant potential as a soil amendment. The present study delves into understanding the influence of slow (450°C and 500°C) and fast (550°C and 600°C) pyrolysis temperatures with a resident time of 60 and 30 minutes, respectively, on the physico-chemical properties of peanut shell biochar produced in a low-cost kiln. Results of the Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed that increased pyrolysis temperature increased porosity and surface roughness with crystalline deposits. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that increased temperatures contributed to enhanced thermal stability but reduced biochar yield. Pyrolysis temperatures of 450, 500, 550, and 600°C exhibited 32.19, 29.13, 21.8, and 19.43 percent conversion efficiency with organic carbon content of 11.57, 6.48, 8.64, and 7.76 percent, respectively. The intensities of functional groups (C-H and C-O) declined, whereas the intensity of C=C and stable carbon content increased with the rise in temperatures. The concentrations of heavy metals in all biochar samples were below permissible limits outlined by international biochar initiatives. The study concluded that slow pyrolysis at 450°C for 60 minutes resident time is an ideal pyrolytic condition for producing peanut shell biochar in terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics.
Performance of traditional household drinking water treatment methods used in rural Amazon
Authors: Gomes Maria Cecilia Rosinski Lima , de Andrade Leonardo Capeleto , Barbosa Milena Pinho , Lopes Bruna Coelho , Mota Filho Cesar Rossas
Published: July 2024

Residents of remote areas in the Amazon often lack access to a water supply system and thus need to produce their potable water at home. This study examined the efficacy of household water treatments traditionally used by these communities to treat rainwater and river water, their predominant water sources. Samples of untreated, treated, and stored drinking water were collected from 18 households in three communities in Central Amazon, Amazonas State, Brazil. We describe the materials and practices involved and traditionally used in each treatment technique – cloth filtration (water straining), chlorination, and sedimentation, and their efficiency. In the samples we evaluate water quality analyses, as free chlorine, color, coliforms, and turbidity. The treatment steps for the separation of solids in river water were effective only for removing turbidity and apparent color. Straining river water after sedimentation had no relevant effect on water quality. Chlorination of rainwater was efficient in inactivating Escherichia coli; however, all samples showed some level of contamination by E. coli. We found a significant difference (p < 0.05) between untreated and treated river water turbidity, reduced by up to 22%. Untreated rain and river waters showed similar levels of microbiological contamination, close to 3.5 log CFU/100 mL of E. coli. Chlorine effectively removed microbiological contaminants in rainwater (median removal of 100, 44.5% of samples with <1 CFU/100 mL). Yet, this treatment was less effective for river water (94% median removal, with 11% of samples with <100 CFU/100 mL and only 5.5% with <1 CFU/100 mL found in treated water), showing a significant reduction in both cases when the Wilcoxon test was applied. Sodium hypochlorite treatment showed the best results among the techniques evaluated in this study. It can be used in remote areas where rainwater is available for consumption. Microorganism concentration increased after water underwent water straining and sedimentation processes. These results suggest that the improper handling of water containers and materials used during treatment processes leads to contamination of water. Thus, more robust outreach and educational efforts are recommended to improve remote communities’ water collection, treatment, and storage practices.
Effects of sensorimotor training on functional and pain outcomes in achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Kim Myoung-Hwee , Martin Wille , Quarmby Andrew , Stoll Josefine , Engel Tilman , Cassel Michael
Published: July 2024

Background

Considering the neuromuscular alterations in Achilles tendinopathy (AT), sensorimotor training (SMT) might be beneficial to restore the neuromuscular capacity of the muscle-tendon complex and thereby improve patients' functions and alleviate symptoms. However, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the effects of SMT on improving functional (e.g., strength) and pain outcomes in this population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to synthesize current evidence to analyze the efficacy of SMT in people with AT.

Methods

A systematic electronic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to December 2023. Studies applying SMT in people with AT investigating functional or clinical pain outcomes were considered. Protocols had to incorporate balance, stabilization, proprioception, or vibration training. Patients with insertional or mid-portion AT (≥18 years age) diagnosed with clinical or sonographic evaluation were included.

Results

The search yielded 823 records. A total of three randomized controlled trials were considered eligible for the analysis. Each trial used a different SMT protocol: balance training, balance with stabilization training, or whole-body vibration training (WBVT) with other co-interventions. Most functional and pain parameters improved compared to baseline. The first study reported a decrease in pain and an increase in performance (i.e., countermovement jump height) and endurance (i.e., number of heel-raises) by 12-week use of a balance training in addition to isometric, concentric/eccentric, and eccentric exercises. The second study evaluated the four weeks effect of SMT (balance and stabilization training plus eccentric exercises) in addition to passive physiotherapy (deep frictions, ice, ultrasound), resulting in an increased plantarflexion peak torque and reduced pain levels. The third study investigating WBVT reported at 12 weeks an increase in flexibility and a decrease in tendon pain.

Discussion

SMT in addition to other co-interventions (i.e., eccentric, isometric, concentric/eccentric training, physiotherapy) showed improvements in strength, performance, muscle flexibility, and alleviated clinical outcomes of pain. SMT might therefore be useful as part of a multimodal treatment strategy protocol in patients suffering from AT. However, due to the small number of studies included and the diversity of SMT protocols, the current evidence is weak; its additional effectiveness should be evaluated.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=467698, Identifier CRD42023467698.
Novel reconstruction method using long and narrow gastric tube in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for cancer: a retrospective case series study
Authors: Ueda Yoshitake , Kawasaki Takahide , Tanabe Sanshi , Suzuki Kosuke , Ninomiya Shigeo , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Inomata Masafumi , Shiraishi Norio
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives

To clarify the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) with our novel reconstruction methods.

Methods

Novel method is a reconstruction with a long and narrow gastric tube with widening of the proximal side created by linear stapler, and esophagogastrostomy is performed by linear stapler. In conventional method, esophagogastrostomy is performed by a circular stapler. Short- and long-term outcomes of a novel method were compared with those of conventional method.

Results

A total of 44 patients whom LPG was performed were enrolled in this retrospective study. No cases of anastomotic leakage and stenosis were observed in both groups. The cases of postoperative reflux esophagitis (Grade B or higher) at 1 year after operation in the Novel group were less than those in the Conventional group (17% vs. 44%).

Conclusion

LPG with novel reconstruction method can be easily performed, and may be feasible for the treatment of proximal gastric cancer.
Regeneration of Sesuvium portulacastrum through Indirect Shoot Organogenesis and Influence of an Endophytic Fungus on Rooting of Microshoots
Authors: Jiang Xiuli , Wang Dan , Chen Jianjun , He Weihong , Zhou Boya , Li Ziling , Chen Lingyan , Peng Donghui , Chen Qiang , Wei Xiangying
Published: July 2024

Sesuvium portulacastrum L. is a dicotyledonous halophyte belonging to the family Aizoaceae. Its young leaves are highly nutritious, and many ecotypes are used as leafy vegetable and medicinal crops. Additionally, due to their tolerance to soil salinity, flooding, and high temperatures, some ecotypes are used for the remediation of saline soils. As a result, there is an increasing need for a large number of disease-free S. portulacastrum propagules. This study developed an efficient protocol for the regeneration of S. portulacastrum through indirect shoot organogenesis. Leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of zeatin (ZT) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Callus was induced in all explants cultured with 1.5 mg/L ZT only or 1.5 mg/L ZT with 0.5 mg/L IAA. The callus was cut into small pieces and cultured on the same medium on which it was initially induced. ZT at 1.5 mg/L induced 73.7% of callus pieces to produce adventitious shoots, and the shoot numbers per callus piece were up to 20. To improve the in vitro rooting of adventitious shoots, commonly known as microshoots or microcuttings, an endophytic fungus, Cladosporium ‘BF-F’, was inoculated onto the rooting medium. ‘BF-F’ substantially enhanced rooting and plantlet growth, as the root numbers were three times more and plantlet heights were 70% greater than those without ‘BF-F’ inoculation. To detect the genes involved in the enhanced rooting and plantlet growth, qRT-PCR analysis was performed. Results showed that genes related to auxin responses and nitrogen uptake and metabolism were highly upregulated in ‘BF-F’-inoculated plantlets. Plants inoculated with ‘BF-F’ grew vigorously after being transplanted into a sand–soil substrate. Thus, this study not only established an efficient protocol for the regeneration of S. portulacastrum but also developed a novel method for improving the rooting of microshoots and plantlet growth. The established propagation system could be used for producing a large number of S. portulacastrum plantlets for commercial use and also for genetic transformation.
Flexible Hand Claw Picking Method for Citrus-Picking Robot Based on Target Fruit Recognition
Authors: Xiao Xu , Wang Yaonan , Zhou Bing , Jiang Yiming
Published: July 2024

In order to meet the demand of the intelligent and efficient picking of fresh citrus fruit in a natural environment, a flexible and independent picking method of fresh citrus fruit based on picking pattern recognition was proposed. The convolutional attention (CA) mechanism was added in the YOLOv7 network model. This makes the model pay more attention to the citrus fruit region, reduces the interference of some redundant information in the background and feature maps, effectively improves the recognition accuracy of the YOLOv7 network model, and reduces the detection error of the hand region. According to the physical parameters of the citrus fruit and stem, an end-effector suitable for picking citrus fruit was designed, which effectively reduced the damage during the picking of citrus fruit. According to the actual distribution of citrus fruits in the natural environment, a citrus fruit-picking task planning model was established, so that the adaptability of the flexible handle can make up for the inaccuracy of the deep learning method to a certain extent when the end-effector picks fruits independently. Finally, on the basis of integrating the key components of the picking robot, a production test was carried out in a standard citrus orchard. The experimental results show that the success rate of the citrus-picking robot arm is 87.15%, and the success rate of picking in the natural field environment is 82.4%, which is better than the success rate of 80% of the market picking robot. In the picking experiment, the main reason for the unsuccessful positioning of citrus fruits is that the position of citrus fruits is beyond the picking range of the end-effector, and the motion parameters of the robot arm joint will produce errors, affecting the motion accuracy of the robot arm, leading to the failure of picking. This study can provide technical support for the exploration and application of the intelligent fruit-picking mode.
Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea and Escherichia coli by Lactic Acid Bacteria on Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Kowalska Beata , Szczech Magdalena , Lisek Anna
Published: July 2024

The evaluation of the potentiality of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from fermented products to inhibit Botrytis cinerea and Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth on spinach and lettuce was conducted. From a total of forty LAB strains tested, three were selected due to their high inhibitory effect on plant pathogenic fungi. The identification of these isolates based on a 16S rRNA gene fragment sequence analysis confirmed the genus of Levilactobacillus sp. and Lactiplantibacillus sp. An effective method of coating LAB isolates on the lettuce and spinach surface was developed. The leaves were immersed in bacterial suspension (5.0 × 106 cfu mL−1) for 4 s and drained on tissue paper. LAB survived on lettuce and spinach leaves for 8 days at 6 log10 cfu g−1. Additionally, these bacteria decreased the number of filamentous fungi on the leaves. These isolates were found to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea and E. coli O157:H7 in vitro conditions in growing microbiological media. Their efficacy was confirmed in vivo conditions. These isolates inhibited the development of grey mould caused by B. cinerea on lettuce leaves. Two LAB isolates reduced the abundance of the pathogenic bacterium E. coli on spinach leaves by about 0.7 log10 cfu g−1. In glasshouse conditions, LAB stimulated the growth of examined plants. The lactic acid bacteria used in this study showed the capacity to be used as possible alternatives to chemical compounds in the protection of leafy vegetables against grey mould and for a decrease in E. coli O157:H7 contamination.
Development of a Galleria mellonella Infection Model to Evaluate the Efficacy of Antibiotic-Loaded Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement
Authors: Zhao You , Mannala Gopala Krishna , Youf Raphaëlle , Rupp Markus , Alt Volker , Riool Martijn
Published: July 2024

Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) can have disastrous consequences for patient health, including removal of the device, and placement of cemented implants is often required during surgery to eradicate PJIs. In translational research, in vivo models are widely used to assess the biocompatibility and antimicrobial efficacy of antimicrobial coatings and compounds. Here, we aim to utilize Galleria mellonella implant infection models to assess the antimicrobial activity of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) implants. Therefore, we used commercially available bone cement loaded with either gentamicin alone (PALACOS R+G) or with a combination of gentamicin and vancomycin (COPAL G+V), compared to bone cement without antibiotics (PALACOS R). Firstly, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ALBC was determined against Staphylococcus aureus. Next, the efficacy of ALBC implants was analyzed in both the G. mellonella hematogenous and early-stage biofilm implant infection model, by monitoring the survival of larvae over time. After 24 h, the number of bacteria on the implant surface and in the tissue was determined. Larvae receiving dual-loaded COPAL G+V implants showed higher survival rates compared to implants loaded with only gentamicin (PALACOS R+G) and the control implants without antibiotics (PALACOS R). In conclusion, G. mellonella larvae infection models with antibiotic-loaded bone cements are an excellent option to study (novel) antimicrobial approaches.
Towards a 3D Printed Strain Sensor Employing Additive Manufacturing Technology for the Marine Industry
Authors: Kouvatsos Theodoros , Pagonis Dimitrios Nikolaos , Iakovidis Isidoros , Kaltsas Grigoris
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the successful fabrication of a cost-effective strain sensor using exclusively additive manufacturing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, enabling fast on-site production, which is particularly advantageous in maritime settings, reducing downtime, and supporting a circular economy approach by minimizing inventory needs and environmental footprint. The principle of operation of the developed device is based on the piezoresistive characteristics of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-enriched building material, from which the main sensing element consists. The prototype exhibited reliable piezoresistive properties, and a clear correlation was observed between the thermal treatment of the printed piezoresistor and the resulting gauge factor, linearity, and hysteresis. Its robustness, simple design, and single-step manufacturing process, together with its ability to be integrated into the readout circuitry through standard soldering, enhance its reliability and durability. The key advantages of the proposed device include its low cost, simple design, and rapid remote production.
Impact of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field on the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Lingvay Iosif , Vranceanu-Jipa Monica , Chihaia Rares-Andrei , Tókos Attila , Bartha Csaba , Circiumaru Gabriela
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the experimental study of the influence of a 50 Hz extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field (EMF) on the growth of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in a BG11 culture medium. Comparative experimental determinations carried out under reference conditions (microalgae growth without exposure to EMF) and with exposure to a homogeneous 50 Hz EMF of various intensities highlighted the fact that EMF has a major impact on both the growth speed and the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the obtained algal mass. Through spectrophotometry and gravimetric determinations, it was found that the lag time was reduced from approximately 8 h (reference) to approximately 6 h for EMF of 2 V/m, 4.5 h for EMF of 5 V/m, 3.2 h for EMF of 10 V/m, and 2.5 h for EMF of 15 V/m. In the stimulation with 15 V/m EMF, the maximum biomass growth rate was 2.75 times higher than the reference, leading to a 2-fold increase in the rate of exhaustion of nutrients, especially phosphorus, in the culture medium. The specific chemical analyses for N-NO3, total nitrogen TNb, and total phosphorus Pt highlighted that the N-NO3 content of the culture medium decreased by 58 mg/L/day at 15 V/m EMF compared to 43 mg/L for the reference. The Pt content decreased to 90% depletion after approximately 80 h for the reference culture medium, versus only 48 h of growth with exposure to 15 V/m ELF. The TNb content of the algal suspension in BG11 under the influence of 15 V/m EMF for 96 h of growth increased 14 times compared to the reference. This shows that nitrogen metabolization in the dispersed air was significantly stimulated. It was also found that the 50 Hz EMF also influences the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the increased algal mass. The results show the potential of EMF stimulation of Chlorella vulgaris growth, leading to an increased efficiency of algae growth reactors.
Physiological, Biomechanical, and Thermographic Responses in Male Athletes during an Ultra-Endurance Race
Authors: Belinchón-deMiguel Pedro , Ramos-Campo Domingo Jesús , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the comprehensive physiological, biomechanical, and thermographic responses of male athletes during an ultra-endurance race, the Santander Four Days (S4D). Involving a 160 km race over four consecutive days with a 10 kg backpack, the study focuses on key aspects such as body mass, cortical arousal, handgrip strength, heart-rate variability, hydration status, blood glucose and lactate concentrations, and thermographic responses. The results indicate changes in heart-rate variability, indicating increased cardiovascular strain, consistent neuromuscular performance, significant body-weight reduction possibly due to dehydration and energy use, stable pH and glucose, but increased protein in urine suggesting renal stress, and varied body temperatures reflecting physical exertion and environmental factors. These findings highlight the body’s adaptive mechanisms and the importance of specialized training and recovery strategies in such physically demanding events.
The Pedestrian Level of Service in Metro Stations: A Pilot Study Based on Passenger Detection Techniques
Authors: Seriani Sebastian , Aprigliano Vicente , Garcia Gonzalo , Lopez Ariel , Fujiyama Taku
Published: July 2024

The platform–train interface (PTI) is one of the most complex spaces in metro stations. At the PTI, the interaction of boarding and alighting causes a high number of passengers to be present, affecting the boarding and alighting time, among other variables related to safety and efficiency. This research was performed to develop a multidimensional level of service for passengers by means of observing existing stations. The methodology included five dimensions of the level of service (passenger behaviour, train design, passenger characteristics, train operation, and platform built environment), and detection techniques based on a tracking system. The stations are operating urban services in Valparaiso Metro (Chile). The results show that there is a relationship between the speed of passengers and the detected passengers, among other variables. In addition, the dispersion of passengers is analysed at the PTI. Further research will include other types of stations and conditions.
Zinc–Air Hearing Aid Batteries: An Analysis of Functional Performance
Authors: Thomas James , Bardsley Barry , Wild Jane , Penman Michael William Owen
Published: July 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of three disposable hearing aid battery brands available in Wales. Hearing-impaired individuals who utilise hearing aids rely on the functionality of their devices, which is often contingent upon the quality and longevity of disposable batteries. Materials and Methods: A grey literature review foregrounded the battery standards. The “real-life” use of batteries was supplemented through laboratory testing. Parameters relating to performance quality were used to quantify an overall service life of five PR44- and four PR48-size batteries per manufacturer. Results: The literature review signalled a large gap in hearing aid battery consumption research. All battery brands underperformed compared to their specifications but met IEC standards. Conclusions: Revisions to battery consumption test conditions should reflect new technological features and refine expectations of real-life use. It was possible to statistically identify the best performing hearing aid battery brand.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics
Authors: Berger Irene , Loewy Zvi G.
Published: July 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue. The unprecedented spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the leading healthcare threats. Projections for annual worldwide deaths attributed to antimicrobial resistance approach 10 million by 2050, with an associated economic burden of USD 100 trillion. This paper reviews the mechanisms known to contribute to antimicrobial resistance and provides insight into potential available alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial approaches addressed include dual antibiotic therapy, antimicrobial peptides, monoclonal antibodies, bacteriophages, probiotics, nanomaterials, and cannabinoids. Key pathogens in need of antimicrobials referred to as the ESKAPE pathogens are discussed.
Activation of ARP2/3 and HSP70 Expression by Lipoteichoic Acid: Potential Bidirectional Regulation of Apoptosis in a Mastitis Inflammation Model
Authors: Fang Bo , Yang Tingji , Chen Yan , Duan Zhiwei , Hu Junjie , Wang Qi , He Yuxuan , Zhang Yong , Dong Weitao , Zhang Quanwei , Zhao Xingxu
Published: July 2024

Mastitis typically arises from bacterial invasion, where host cell apoptosis significantly contributes to the inflammatory response. Gram-positive bacteria predominantly utilize the virulence factor lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which frequently leads to chronic breast infections, thereby impacting dairy production and animal husbandry adversely. This study employed LTA to develop models of mastitis in cow mammary gland cells and mice. Transcriptomic analysis identified 120 mRNAs associated with endocytosis and apoptosis pathways that were enriched in the LTA-induced inflammation of the Mammary Alveolar Cells-large T antigen (MAC-T), with numerous differential proteins also concentrated in the endocytosis pathway. Notably, actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 (ARPC3), actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 (ARPC4), and the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) are closely related. STRING analysis revealed interactions among ARPC3, ARPC4, and HSP70 with components of the apoptosis pathway. Histological and molecular biological assessments confirmed that ARPC3, ARPC4, and HSP70 were mainly localized to the cell membrane of mammary epithelial cells. ARPC3 and ARPC4 are implicated in the mechanisms of bacterial invasion and the initiation of inflammation. Compared to the control group, the expression levels of these proteins were markedly increased, alongside the significant upregulation of apoptosis-related factors. While HSP70 appears to inhibit apoptosis and alleviate inflammation, its upregulation presents novel research opportunities. In conclusion, we deduced the development mechanism of ARPC3, ARPC4, and HSP70 in breast inflammation, laying the foundation for further exploring the interaction mechanism between the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex and HSP70.
Increased Odds of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Are Linked to Reduced n-6, but Not n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma
Authors: Frankovic Irena , Djuricic Ivana , Ninic Ana , Vekic Jelena , Vorkapic Tara , Erceg Sanja , Gojkovic Tamara , Tomasevic Ratko , Mamic Milica , Mitrovic Milos , Zeljkovic Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

The increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) underscores the need for better understanding of its complex pathogenesis. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes is among principal mechanisms contributing to MASLD development. While routine lipid parameters are well studied, the profile of circulating fatty acids in MASLD patients remains less explored. This study aimed to assess relative proportions of individual fatty acids in plasma of MASLD patients and to explore their associations with other biochemical markers of MASLD. Ninety-one patients and 48 healthy individuals were enrolled. The relative proportions of fatty acids in plasma were determined using gas chromatography with FID detection. Proportions of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and linoleic acid (LA) in plasma were lower in MASLD patients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively), with no differences observed in n-3 PUFAs. Total plasma n-6 PUFAs correlated negatively with body mass index, hepatic steatosis indices, triglyceride concentration and coronary risk index. Decreased prevalence of n-6 PUFAs in plasma was independently associated with higher odds of MASLD (OR = 0.769; CI: 0.611–0.968; p = 0.025). Our findings indicate an altered circulatory fatty acid distribution in MASLD, characterized by a reduced amount of n-6 PUFAs, particularly LA, which may have significant implications for the prevention and treatment of MASLD.
Lithium Ions as Modulators of Complex Biological Processes: The Conundrum of Multiple Targets, Responsiveness and Non-Responsiveness, and the Potential to Prevent or Correct Dysregulation of Systems during Aging and in Disease
Authors: Hart David A.
Published: July 2024

Lithium is one of the lightest elements on Earth and it has been in the environment since the formation of the galaxy. While a common element, it has not been found to be an essential element in biological processes, ranging from single cell organisms to Homo sapiens. Instead, at an early stage of evolution, organisms committed to a range of elements such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron to serve essential functions. Such ions serve critical functions in ion channels, as co-factors in enzymes, as a cofactor in oxygen transport, in DNA replication, as a storage molecule in bone and liver, and in a variety of other roles in biological processes. While seemingly excluded from a major essential role in such processes, lithium ions appear to be able to modulate a variety of biological processes and “correct” deviation from normal activity, as a deficiency of lithium can have biological consequences. Lithium salts are found in low levels in many foods and water supplies, but the effectiveness of Li salts to affect biological systems came to recent prominence with the work of Cade, who reported that administrating Li salts calmed guinea pigs and was subsequently effective at relatively high doses to “normalize” a subset of patients with bipolar disorders. Because of its ability to modulate many biological pathways and processes (e.g., cyclic AMP, GSK-3beta, inositol metabolism, NaK ATPases, neuro processes and centers, immune-related events, respectively) both in vitro and in vivo and during development and adult life, Li salts have become both a useful tool to better understand the molecular regulation of such processes and to also provide insights into altered biological processes in vivo during aging and in disease states. While the range of targets for lithium action supports its possible role as a modulator of biological dysregulation, it presents a conundrum for researchers attempting to elucidate its specific primary target in different tissues in vivo. This review will discuss aspects of the state of knowledge regarding some of the systems that can be influenced, focusing on those involving neural and autoimmunity as examples, some of the mechanisms involved, examples of how Li salts can be used to study model systems, as well as suggesting areas where the use of Li salts could lead to additional insights into both disease mechanisms and natural processes at the molecular and cell levels. In addition, caveats regarding lithium doses used, the strengths and weaknesses of rodent models, the background genetics of the strain of mice or rats employed, and the sex of the animals or the cells used, are discussed. Low-dose lithium may have excellent potential, alone or in combination with other interventions to prevent or alleviate aging-associated conditions and disease progression.
Decellularized Antler Cancellous Bone Matrix Material Can Serve as Potential Bone Tissue Scaffold
Authors: Wang Yusu , Zong Ying , Chen Weijia , Diao Naichao , Zhao Quanmin , Li Chunyi , Jia Boyin , Zhang Miao , Li Jianming , Zhao Yan , Du Rui , He Zhongmei
Published: July 2024

Due to the limited supply of autologous bone grafts, there is a need to develop more bone matrix materials to repair bone defects. Xenograft bone is expected to be used for clinical treatment due to its exact structural similarity to natural bone and its high biocompatibility. In this study, decellularized antler cancellous bone matrix (DACB) was first prepared, and then the extent of decellularization of DACB was verified by histological staining, which demonstrated that it retained the extracellular matrix (ECM). The bioactivity of DACB was assessed using C3H10T1/2 cells, revealing that DACB enhanced cell proliferation and facilitated cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. When evaluated by implanting DACB into nude mice, there were no signs of necrosis or inflammation in the epidermal tissues. The bone repair effect of DACB was verified in vivo using sika deer during the antler growth period as an animal model, and the molecular mechanisms of bone repair were further evaluated by transcriptomic analysis of the regenerated tissues. Our findings suggest that the low immunogenicity of DACB enhances the production of bone extracellular matrix components, leading to effective osseointegration between bone and DACB. This study provides a new reference for solving bone defects.
Decoding the Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Hang Sirui , Wang Qingqing , Xu Liu , Wang Peter
Published: July 2024

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) influence protein functionality by modulating protein stability, localization, and interactions with other molecules, thereby controlling various cellular processes. Common PTMs include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, SUMOylation, methylation, sulfation, and nitrosylation. Among these modifications, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to play a critical role in cancer development and progression, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review outlines the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the development and progression of HCC. Moreover, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in HCC and highlight compounds that target O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) to improve treatment outcomes. Understanding the role of O-GlcNAcylation in HCC will offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting OGT and OGA, which could improve treatment for patients with HCC.
Evaluation of Voluntary Dynamic Balance through Standardized Squat-Lift Movements: A Comparison between Gymnasts and Athletes from Other Sports
Authors: Bueno Jair Wesley Ferreira , Coelho Daniel Boari , Teixeira Luis Augusto
Published: July 2024

In the quotidian, people perform voluntary whole-body movements requiring dynamic body balance. However, the literature is scarce of dynamic balance evaluations employing standardized voluntary movements. In this investigation, we aimed to analyze the sensitivity of balance evaluation between gymnasts and athletes from other sports in the performance of balance tasks. Participants were evaluated in upright quiet standing and the performance of cyclic dynamic tasks of hip flexion-extension and squat-lift movements. Movements were individually standardized in amplitude, while the rhythm was externally paced at the frequency of 0.5 Hz. Tasks were performed on a force plate, with dynamic balance measured through the center of pressure displacement. Results showed that in quiet standing and the dynamic hip flexion-extension task, no significant differences were found between the groups. Conversely, results for the squat-lift task revealed a better balance of the gymnasts over controls, as indicated by the reduced amplitude and velocity of the center of pressure displacement during the task execution. The superior balance performance of gymnasts in the squat-lift task was also observed when vision was suppressed. These findings suggest the employed squat-lift task protocol is a potentially sensitive procedure for the evaluation of voluntary dynamic balance.
DNA Prevalence of Eukaryotic Parasites with Zoonotic Potential in Urban-Associated Birds
Authors: Cabodevilla Xabier , Malo Juan E. , Aguirre de Carcer Daniel , Zurdo Julia , Chaboy-Cansado Rubén , Rastrojo Alberto , Traba Juan
Published: July 2024

Synanthropic birds might play an important role as reservoirs of many zoonotic endoparasites; however, little information is available on many parasites and their prevalence. Here, we use an approach based on targeted metagenomic detection through the use of DNA metabarcoding of faecal samples to screen for circulating parasites in alien parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus and Psittacula krameri) and urban landfill-feeding storks (Ciconia ciconia) and gulls (Larus fuscus). We focus especially on potentially zoonotic parasites, with the aim of better understanding the zoonotic risk that these birds’ faeces may pose. We detected a total of 23 genera of eukaryotic parasites: six fungi, three protists, five nematodes, two cestodes and seven trematodes. Among them, six stood out for their relevance to human health: Cryptococcus spp., Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. (fungi); Cryptosporidium spp. (a protist); and Ascaris spp. and Halicephalobus spp. (nematodes). In parakeets, we detected Cryptococcus spp. and Ascaris spp., the latter being detected in 10–20% of the samples. In the White Stork and the Lesser Black-backed Gull, we found a high prevalence of Aspergillus spp. (in 15% and 50% of the samples, respectively) and Candida spp. (in 63% and 82% of the samples, respectively), and the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in 10% of the samples. We detected Halicephalobus spp. in one gull sample (2%). Our results show that synanthropic birds may act as vectors and reservoirs of zoonotic parasites and their faeces could pose a risk to human health associated with the zoonotic parasites present in them. This should be taken into account when developing management plans for urban populations of these bird species.
Why We Share: A Systematic Review of Knowledge-Sharing Intentions on Social Media
Authors: Hu Jia , Noor Shuhaida Md
Published: July 2024

Social media’s potential for knowledge dissemination is under-utilized due to limited user participation. This study systematically reviews factors affecting knowledge-sharing intentions on social platforms using the ROSES protocol. We searched Scopus and Web of Science for quality, relevance, and rigor, finding that 65% of the articles shared were published in high-quality journals (Q1 or Q2), with the Journal of Knowledge Management accounting for 15%. Since 2015, 62.5% of research has been published, highlighting increased activity. Quantitative methods dominated (95%), with Zhihu being the most studied platform. We identified four key themes—psychological, technological, environmental, and social—covering 47 determinants centered on trust and attitude, primarily based on individual and social behavior theories. This is the first systematic exploration of elements influencing knowledge-sharing intentions on social media, providing insights to enhance user interaction and guide social media strategies in knowledge-centric organizations.
The Impact of Cognitive Load on Cooperation and Antisocial Punishment: Insights from a Public Goods Game Experiment
Authors: Zhao Yanru , Li Zhuoran , Jin Shan , Zhang Xiaomeng
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the impact of cognitive load on the formation and maintenance of cooperation within a public goods game experiment featuring a punishment option. By integrating the experimental designs of prior studies and manipulating cognitive load through the memorization of numbers with varying digits, we reveal that high cognitive load accelerates the breakdown of cooperation, irrespective of the presence of a punishment system. Furthermore, under high cognitive load, participants are more likely to engage in antisocial punishment, while the punishment of free riders remains unaffected. These findings suggest that increased cognitive load depletes the cognitive resources needed for deliberative decision-making, leading to a higher propensity for antisocial punishment. Our study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the significant influence of cognitive load on cooperative behavior and providing new insights into the causes of antisocial punishment.
Research on Stress Characteristics of Rockburst in Over-Length Deep-Buried Tunnel
Authors: Luo Chun , Zhang Shishu , Tang Bihua , Chen Jun , Yin Chonglin , Li Huayun
Published: July 2024

As a unique geological hazard in a high-geo-stress environment, rockburst happens with strong suddenness, randomness, and destructiveness, but the mechanism of its occurrence in a deep-buried tunnel in a high-geo-stress environment needs further study. Based on the analyses of the stress field of the rockburst section of Ping’an Tunnel, which is over-long and deep-buried, the occurrence mechanism of rockburst is figured out. Furtherly, the intensity and location of rockburst are predicted by using the rockburst criterion. Results show that there exists large compressive stress at the side wall of the tunnel, which is the main cause of rockburst. Under a high-geo-stress condition, due to the existence of unfavorable factors like structural planes, high intensity rockburst is likely to happen in the middle of the tunnel face after the sudden release of original rock stress. Arranging stress-releasing holes in the rockburst section can effectively reduce the possibility of rockburst by releasing the original rock stress in advance. The research results can deepen the understanding of the mechanism of rockburst in a high-geo-stress environment and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of rockburst in similar engineering projects.
Exploring Sustainability in Interior Design: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Rashdan Wael , Ashour Ayman Fathy
Published: July 2024

The interior design sector within the construction industry plays a pivotal role in economic development and significantly contributes to environmental degradation. Unlike broader architectural assessments that emphasize structural and external elements, this study highlights the unique challenges and opportunities within interior design. By examining trends and gaps in sustainable interior design criteria from 2013 to 2023, the research provides a foundation for developing specific actionable standards for this often-overlooked sector. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist guided the review process. Data were collected from recognized indexing databases using rigorous inclusion criteria. Selected studies were analyzed based on a mixed-methods approach. The study aims to highlight key trends and synthesize research themes. This systematic review addresses the critical gap in the literature regarding the sustainability of interior design. The findings reveal a lack of comprehensive criteria and tailored guidelines for assessing interior design sustainability, which hinders the effective implementation of sustainable practices. This review underscores the necessity of micro-scale analysis in interior design, providing new insights into sustainable practices and contributing to the broader discourse on sustainable architecture. The study proposes a guideline as a foundation for developing specific actionable standards for assessing sustainability in interior design.
BiVO4-Based Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Wastewater: Calcination Role after Solvothermal Synthesis
Authors: Aguirre-Cortes Jhon Mauricio , Moral-Rodríguez Adriana Isabel , Bailón-García Esther , Carrasco-Marín Francisco , Pérez-Cadenas Agustín Francisco
Published: July 2024

BiVO4 is an important n-type semiconductor used in photocatalysis due to its high capacity to absorb solar light in the 400–700 nm range, abundance, high chemical stability, non-toxicity, and low cost. However, research on physicochemical modifications to increase its catalytic activity via simple procedures is limited. In this work, the influence of different synthesis parameters, such as calcination temperatures or silver doping, on the structural and physicochemical characteristic of the BiVO4-based photocatalysts and their photocatalytic performance in degrading sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solution under blue-LED irradiation was evaluated. BiVO4-based photocatalysts were synthesized using a solvothermal method. The monoclinic phase (m-s) was successfully kept stable even after the thermal treatments at 300, 450, and 600 °C and the corresponding silver doping. The low bandgap of 2.40 eV and the average particle size of 18 nm of the BiVO4 catalyst treated at 300 °C seems to be the key. Afte doping, Ag/BiVO4 photocatalyst treated at the optimal found calcination temperature (300 °C) showed the best photocatalytic behavior.