bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of development for ptychography algorithm
Authors: Pan Xin-Yu , Bi Xiao-Xue , Dong Zheng , Geng Zhi , Xu Han , Zhang Yi , Dong Yu-Hui , Zhang Cheng-Long ,   Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan 523808, China
Published: January 2023

With the development of synchrotron radiation technology and the improvement of light source coherence, ptychography has developed rapidly. Ptychography algorithm solves the problems of slow convergence and easily falls into the local optimal solution and stagnation of the traditional coherent diffraction imaging algorithm. It has the advantages of large imaging field of view, robustness of algorithm, high tolerance to error and wide range of applications, and is becoming a hot research direction in the field of coherent diffraction imaging. Ptychography reconstructs the complex amplitude distribution and illumination light of the sample by iterative algorithms, which can theoretically reach the resolution of the diffraction limit. It has excellent applications in the fields of wavefront detection, phase imaging and optical metrology. This paper first introduces the background of the proposed ptychography algorithm and briefly describes the problem of coherent diffraction imaging algorithm and its development, and then summarizes the development of ptychography algorithm in detail, mainly including the mainstream algorithm of ptychography and its kernel. This paper then describes in detail the improvement of algorithms corresponding to the improvement of the efficiency of ptychography experiments, correction of position errors and the effect of illumination light multi-modal, and elaborates the algorithm flow. After analyzing the possible intersection of diffraction imaging and neural networks in the field of artificial intelligence, this paper introduces new algorithms with combining ptychography with artificial intelligence. New algorithms with combining ptychography with neural networks will have new potential applications in generality, accuracy and robustness. Finally, a specific parallelization implementation of the ptychography algorithm and common software packages are presented. The logic for writing the parallelization of the algorithm implementation of each package and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of the packages are described in detail. The characteristics and performance of each package are then listed for reference. This paper helps to establish a global perspective of the algorithm itself, artificial intelligence and computational methods in the field of ptychography, and presents an important reference for systematically developing the ptychography method.
Utilization of Fermentation Lemna as a Feed Source on the Growth of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias Sp.)
Authors: Iskandar . , Pitaloka Firda Arum , Lewaru Muhammad Wahyudin , Haetami Kiki
Published: January 2023

This research aims to determine the nutritional content and the best treatment for the addition of Lemna sp. fermented for the growth of sangkuriang catfish. The research was conducted from February to August 2022, in Aquaculture Laboratory of the Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used in this research is experimental, and is of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). It consists of four treatments and four repetitions, namely treatment A (control) treatment B (10% fermented lemna + 90% commercial feed), Treatment C (20% fermented lemna + 80% commercial feed), and Treatment D (30% fermented lemna + 70% commercial feed). Parameters observed were changes in nutrient content of lemna, daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and water quality. Data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis of variance and if there was a significant difference, Duncan test was performed with a 95% confidence level, while changes in nutrients in lemna and water quality were analyzed descriptively. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the fermented lemna using BIOM-S probiotics experienced changes in the nutritional content, namely an increase in protein content from 25.24% to 33.66% and a decrease in crude fiber from 11.93 to 9.13%. Based on the results of this research, the treatment C (20% fermented lemna + 80% commercial feed) the best results in a daily growth rate at 1.92%/day, a feed conversion ratio at 1.41, and a survival rate of up to 97.5%.
Characterisation of Calcareous Soils in Mahboobnagar and Nalgonda District of Telangana State
Authors: Siddiqua Meraj , Sharma S. Harish Kumar , Shankariah M. , Triveni S. , Chary D. Srinivasa
Published: January 2023

A survey was conducted in the year 2019-20 in old Mahboobnagar and Nalgonda district of Telangana state to study the characters of calcareous soils, based on effervescence with dilute.HCL the samples were collected and were analysed for its characters. Majority of soils collected were medium to high in CaCO3 status. All the soils collected were alkaline to highly alkaline in reaction. Soils were low to medium in available nitrogen and phosphorus content. The average pH, N, P2O5, K2O value recorded in these soils were 8.49, 77.19 kg ha-1, 6.215 kg ha-1, 72.88 kg ha-1 respectively.  The main objective of the study is to know the properties of Calcareous soil and also to study the effect of calcium carbonate on the different properties of soil and therefore acorrelation study was conducted which reported that there is significant positive relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and pH and significant negative relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and available N and P2O5 in soil. No significant relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and EC and OC values.
Prevalência de dermatoses em idosos institucionalizados da cidade de Imperatriz – MA
Authors: Lima Fernanda Lina da Silva , Vieira Karine Keila de Sousa , Guimarães Lilian Arisvane Pereira
Published: January 2023

Introdução: o envelhecimento cutâneo é resultante de um declínio nas funções fisiológicas a nível epidérmico, dérmico e hipodérmico, que ocorrem devido a associação de fatores intrínsecos, como a ação do tempo e extrínsecos ou ambientais, tal qual exposição solar crônica, nutrição e tabagismo. Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de alterações cutâneas que afetam indivíduos residentes em instituição de longa permanência (ILP), voltada para idosos da cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, observacional, descritiva, quantitativa, com base na coleta de dados realizada com 32 residentes de um abrigo, durante o período de dezembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Todo o estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Resultados: foram descritos em tabelas de frequência absoluta e percentual. As associações entre as variáveis que foram obtidas pelo Teste Exato de Fischer, com nível de significância estabelecido de 5%. A maioria dos participantes, 20 (62,5%), encontrava-se na faixa etária de 80 a 105 anos. Quanto à escolaridade, 11(34,4%) entrevistados relataram ser analfabetos. Com relação à proteção solar, apenas 13 (40,6%) afirmaram usar meios de proteção contra radiação ultravioleta no passado. As quatro alterações cutâneas mais prevalentes foram melanose solar com 28 (87,5%) casos, seguida por rugas 26 (81,3%), hipomelanose 25 (78,1%) e ceratose seborreica 22 (68,8%). Conclusão: foi possível identificar significativa prevalência de manifestações cutâneas na população estudada, com destaque para a faixa etária de 80-105 anos.
Análise quanti e semiquantitativa do colágeno no reparo tecidual
Authors: Lima Sarah Souza , Paim Beatriz , Lima Flávia Quadros , Marchionni Antônio Márcio Teixeira , Mendes Carlos Maurício Cardeal , Medrado Alena Peixoto
Published: January 2023

Introdução: diversos estudos têm destacado a relevância do colágeno no contexto do reparo tecidual, em especial, sob influência de diferentes terapias biomoduladoras. A análise do colágeno tem sido realizada mediante diferentes abordagens metodológicas, entre as quais se destacam as análises semiquantitativa e histomorfométrica. Objetivos: o presente estudo Objetivou comparar os Resultados de dois tipos de análise acerca da presença de fibras colágenas na matriz extracelular durante a cicatrização cutânea, em ferimentos fotobiomodulados. Metodologia: vinte ratos machos Wistar, foram submetidos à indução de uma ferida cutânea padronizada dorsal e divididos em dois grupos, Controle (GC) e Fotobiomodulado com laser (GL). Os períodos de morte corresponderam ao 5º. e 10º. dias. As secções histológicas foram coradas com Sírius vermelho para análise semiquantitativa e histomorfométrica do colágeno. Resultados: dois parâmetros foram utilizados para comparar o desfecho primário, um critério de grandeza quantitativa em porcentagem (área de colágeno), e o segundo critério semiquantitativo, com grandezas conferidas de acordo com escores que variaram de leve a intenso. Não foram observados Resultados divergentes entre os dois tipos de análise. No 5º. dia, independente do tipo de análise, constatou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo controle e o submetido à Fotobiomodulação (p<0,05), embora tal efeito tenha sido considerado pequeno. Conclusão: estes dados sugerem que ambos os métodos de análise foram capazes de reproduzir Resultados semelhantes, cabendo ao pesquisador eleger aquele que melhor se adeque ao escopo de sua pesquisa.
Morbimortalidade por acidentes de trânsito terrestres na Bahia entre os anos de 2011 e 2021
Authors: Ramos Leila Valverde , Barreto Isabela Cerqueira , Miguel Fúlvio Borges
Published: January 2023

Introdução: os acidentes de trânsito terrestre (ATT) representam um problema de saúde pública de grande relevância, que tem provocado impacto na morbimortalidade da população brasileira. Assim, torna-se premente a busca de soluções que visem a melhorar a segurança no trânsito e reduzir os ATT, que comprometem e oneram diferentes setores da sociedade e a qualidade de vida das vítimas. Objetivo: estimar tendências acerca da morbimortalidade por ATT na Bahia, entre 2011 e 2021. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo ecológico, quantitativo, descritivo, realizado mediante análise dos dados populacionais do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) acerca dos indivíduos que sofreram ATT na Bahia, entre 2011 e 2021. Resultados: foram registrados 2.268 óbitos e 102.490 internações, com maior ocorrência na macrorregião de Salvador, com o sexo masculino, cor parda, faixa etária entre 20 e 29 anos, mais frequente entre os motociclistas, seguidos dos pedestres. Observou-se tendência de aumento no número de internações, nos dias de permanência hospitalar e nos valores dos serviços associados, bem como variabilidade do número de óbitos e redução da taxa de mortalidade. As fraturas dos ossos da tíbia e clavícula, do antebraço e fêmur foram os procedimentos cirúrgicos com maior quantidade de internações relacionadas. Conclusão: os dados evidenciaram uma tendência de aumento do número de traumas, lesões, internações, óbitos e custos decorrentes dos ATT. Destarte, almeja-se que os Resultados do presente estudo subsidiem discussões e políticas públicas que intensifiquem as medidas de segurança no trânsito, com vistas a reduzir a incidência dos ATT e suas consequências socioeconômicas.
LEI 14.188/21 E A PROTEÇÃO DA MULHER EM RAZÃO DO SEXO FEMININO
Authors: Assunção Fernanda Conceição , Costa Amanda Moura da
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho teve como objetivo discutir a Lei 14.188/21 que define o programa de cooperação Sinal Vermelho contra a Violência Doméstica como uma das medidas de enfrentamento à violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher previstas na Lei Maria da Penha, a qual institui o crime de violência psicológica e altera dispositivos do Código Penal modificando a modalidade da pena da lesão corporal simples cometida contra a mulher por razões da condição do sexo feminino. Se por ora a nova lei avança em criminalizar uma nova violência, por outro lado condiciona a aplicação da norma “por razões da condição do sexo feminino”, mostrando uma forte determinação em excluir gêneros dissidentes. Assim, a pesquisa levanta um resgate dos conceitos de gênero e sexo desenvolvidos pelas estudiosas feminista, bem como a análise desses conceitos no âmbito jurídico/legislativo, a fim de discutir como uma lei de importante cunho restringe e exclui categorias de mulheres que não poderão ser englobadas pela letra fria da lei. Os dados e referências mostraram que não se trata de uma discussão nova, haja vista que outras redações de lei já foram promulgadas nesse mesmo sentido no uso do termo “condições do sexo feminino”, revelando assim o valor do debate das leis, ainda em sua formação, a partir de uma interpretação generificada. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica de legislação e obras pertinentes ao tema.
“E ESSA TAL GESTÃO DA DIVERSIDADE?”
Authors: Paranhos William Roslindo , Antunes Vieira Willerding Inara , Mafra Lapolli Édis
Published: January 2023

A sexualidade, enquanto um constructo subjetivo inerente à existência humana, se expressa por meio das diferenças. O ato dessa expressão, porém, acaba produzindo movimentos reativos e opressores, haja vista o padrão cisheteronormativo no qual a sociedade se baseia, traduzindo-se em diversas formas de opressão. Tal cenário também deve ser percebido, compreendido e gerenciado pelas organizações, haja vista a presença dessas opressões dentro de sua estrutura. Diante deste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar de que maneira as pessoas dissidentes do padrão cisheteronormativo percebem a gestão da diversidade nas organizações. De abordagem qualitativa, realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, tornando-se possível verificar que as organizações ainda não desenvolvem políticas de gestão da diversidade de forma eficaz, no momento em que estas não operam nos processos de desconstrução necessários para a reestruturação de uma cultura organizacional livre de preconceitos e que se distancie do padrão cisheteronormativo normatizado na sociedade.
Natural Cell Patches: Melanin Nanoparticles for MR Imaging‐Guided Antiatherosclerosis Therapy via Attenuating Macrophage Pyroptosis
Authors: Zu Ziyue , Sheng Jie , Qi Jianchen , Miao Yu , Zhang Yunming , Zheng Tao , Xiang Kaiyan , Wu Haoguang , Lu Guangming , Zhang Longjiang
Published: January 2023

Pyroptosis, characterized by inflammasome activation, membrane Gasdermin D (GSDMD)‐pore formulation, and the rapid release of inflammatory cytokines, can induce plaque instability and atherosclerosis progression. Nevertheless, insights into the precise antiatherosclerosis therapies targeting pyroptosis remain limited. Here, a novel biomedical application of natural polyphenol melanin as a theranostic antipyroptosis defense nanoplatform for atherosclerosis is reported. Ultrasmall melanin nanoparticles are easily fabricated and functionalized with cyclo‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐d‐Tyr‐Lys conjugated polyethylene glycol to yield cRGD‐PEG‐MNPs (RpMPs) to target plaque neovascularization, which is confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Importantly, RpMPs act like cell patches to suppress pyroptosis in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages by scavenging reactive oxygen species, downregulating the expression levels of pyroptosis‐related proteins (NLRP3, Caspase 1, and GSDMD) and reducing the leakage of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α). In vivo studies further reveal that RpMPs can ameliorate the development and improve the stability of atherosclerotic plaques via attenuating NLRP3‐stimulated pyroptosis and inducing an anti‐inflammatory phenotype in the aorta of ApoE−/− mice. Moreover, chelator‐free Gd3+‐RpMPs exhibit persistent T1‐weighted contrast‐enhanced efficiency and plaque resident on a 9.4 T Micro magnetic resonance scanner in murine atherosclerosis model. Overall, this study suggests the potential for using melanin to develop natural multifunctional nanoplatforms for molecular theranostic in atherosclerosis and other pyroptosis‐related diseases.
Pd–PdO Nanodomains on Amorphous Ru Metallene Oxide for High‐Performance Multifunctional Electrocatalysis
Authors: Do Viet‐Hung , Prabhu P , Jose Vishal , Yoshida Takefumi , Zhou Yingtang , Miwa Hiroko , Kaneko Takuma , Uruga Tomoya , Iwasawa Yasuhiro , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: January 2023

Developing highly efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts is crucial for future sustainable energy  pursuits, but remains a great challenge. Herein, a facile synthetic strategy is used to confine atomically thin Pd–PdO nanodomains to amorphous Ru metallene oxide (RuO2). The as‐synthesized electrocatalyst (Pd2RuOx‐0.5 h) exhibits excellent catalytic activity toward the pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (η10 = 14 mV in 1 m KOH, η10 = 12 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4, and η10 = 22 mV in 1 m PBS), alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (η10 = 225 mV), and overall water splitting (E10 = 1.49 V) with high mass activity and operational stability. Further reduction endows the material (Pd2RuOx‐2 h) with a promising alkaline oxygen reduction activity, evidenced by high halfway potential, four‐electron selectivity, and excellent poison tolerance. The enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the rational integration of favorable nanostructures, including 1) the atomically thin nanosheet morphology, 2) the coexisting amorphous and defective crystalline phases, and 3) the multi‐component heterostructural features. These structural factors effectively regulate the material's electronic configuration and the adsorption of intermediates at the active sites for favorable reaction energetics.
Correlated Intrinsic Electrical and Chemical Properties of Epitaxial WS2 via Combined C‐AFM and ToF‐SIMS Characterization
Authors: Spampinato Valentina , Shi Yuanyuan , Serron Jill , Minj Albert , Groven Benjamin , Hantschel Thomas , van der Heide Paul , Franquet Alexis
Published: January 2023

Atomically thin, 2D semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, complement silicon in ultra‐scaled nano‐electronic devices. However, the semiconductor and its interfaces become increasingly more difficult to characterize chemically and electrically. Conventional methodologies, including scanning probe microscopies, fail to capture insight into the chemical and electronic nature of the semiconductor, albeit vital to understand its impact on the semiconductor performance. Therefore, this work presents a unique and universal in situ approach combining time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy to map chemical differences between regions of different electrical conductivity in epitaxially deposited tungsten disulfide (WS2) on sapphire substrates. Surprisingly, WS2 regions of lower electrical conductivity possess a larger amount of sulfur compared to regions with higher conductivity, for which oxygen is also detected. Such difference in chemical composition likely roots from the non‐homogeneously terminated sapphire starting surface, altering the WS2 nucleation behavior and associated defect formation between neighboring sapphire terraces. These resulting sapphire terrace‐dependent doping effects in the WS2 hamper its electrical conductivity. Thus, accurate chemical assignment at a sub‐micrometer lateral resolution of atomically thin 2D semiconductors is vital to achieve a more detailed understanding on how the growth behavior affects the electrical properties.
Varifocal Metalens Using Tunable and Ultralow‐loss Dielectrics
Authors: Wang Mengyun , Lee June Sang , Aggarwal Samarth , Farmakidis Nikolaos , He Yuhan , Cheng Tangsheng , Bhaskaran Harish
Published: January 2023

The field of flat optics that uses nanostructured, so‐called metasurfaces, has seen remarkable progress over the last decade. Chalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs) offer a promising platform for realizing reconfigurable metasurfaces, as their optical properties can be reversibly tuned. Yet, demonstrations of phase‐change metalenses to date have employed material compositions such as Ge2Sb2Te5, which show high absorption in the visible to near‐IR wavelengths particularly in their crystalline state, limiting the applicability. Here, by using a low‐loss PCM Sb2Se3, for the first time, active polarization‐insensitive phase‐change metalenses at near‐IR wavelengths with comparable efficiencies in both material states are shown. An active metalens with a tunable focusing intensity of 95% and a focusing efficiency of 23% is demonstrated. A varifocal metalens is then demonstrated with a tunable focal length from 41 to 123 µm with comparable focusing efficiency (5.7% and 3%). The ultralow‐loss nature of the material introduces exciting new possibilities for optical communications, multi‐depth imaging, beam steering, optical routing, and holography.
Fe‐Doped Carbon Dots as NIR‐II Fluorescence Probe for In Vivo Gastric Imaging and pH Detection
Authors: Ci Qiaoqiao , Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Ben , Coy Emerson , Li Jiao jiao , Jiang Daoyong , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Guocheng
Published: January 2023

Carbon dots (CDs) with excellent cytocompatibility, tunable optical properties, and simple synthesis routes are highly desirable for use in optical bioimaging. However, the majority of existing CDs are triggered by ultraviolet/blue light, presenting emissions in the visible/first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) regions, which do not allow deep tissue penetration. Emerging research into CDs with NIR‐II emission in the red region has generated limited designs with poor quantum yield, restricting their in vivo imaging applications due to low penetration depth. Developing novel CDs with NIR‐II emissions and high quantum yield has significant and far‐reaching applications in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. Here, it is developed for the first time Fe‐doped CDs (Fe‐CDs) exhibiting the excellent linear relationship between 900–1200 nm fluorescence‐emission and pH values, and high quantum yield (QY‐1.27%), which can be used as effective probes for in vivo NIR‐II bioimaging. These findings demonstrate reliable imaging accuracy in tissue as deep as 4 mm, reflecting real‐time pH changes comparable to a standard pH electrode. As an important example application, the Fe‐CDs probe can non‐invasively monitor in vivo gastric pH changes during the digestion process in mice, illustrating its potential applications in aiding imaging‐guided diagnosis of gastric diseases or therapeutic delivery.
Elucidation of the Charging Mechanisms and the Coupled Structural–Mechanical Behavior of Ti3C2Tx (MXenes) Electrodes by In Situ Techniques
Authors: Bergman Gil , Ballas Elad , Gao Qiang , Nimkar Amey , Gavriel Bar , Levi Mikhael D. , Sharon Daniel , Malchik Fyodor , Wang Xuehang , Shpigel Netanel , Mandler Daniel , Aurbach Doron
Published: January 2023

The discovery of the Ti3C2Tx compounds (MXenes) a decade ago opened new research directions and valuable opportunities for high‐rate energy storage applications. The unique ability of the MXenes to host various mono‐ and multivalent cations and their high stability in different electrolyte environments including aqueous, organic, and ionic liquid solutions, promoted the rapid development of advanced MXene‐based electrodes for a large variety of applications. Unlike the vast majority of typical intercalation compounds, the electrochemical performance of MXene electrodes is strongly influenced by the presence of co‐inserted solvent molecules, which cannot be detected by conventional current/potential electrochemical measurements. Furthermore, the electrochemical insertion of ions into MXene interspaces results in strong coupling with the intercalation‐induced structural, dimensional, and viscoelastic changes in the polarized MXene electrodes. To shed light on the charging mechanisms of MXene systems and their associated phenomena, the use of a large variety of real‐time monitoring techniques has been proposed in recent years. This review summarizes the most essential findings related to the charging mechanism of Ti3C2Tx electrodes and their potential induced structural and mechanical phenomena obtained by in situ investigations.
A Photoacoustic Probe with Blood‐Brain Barrier Crossing Ability for Imaging Oxidative Stress Dynamics in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Cui Yijing , Wang Xiaoqing , Jiang Zhiyong , Zhang Changli , Liang Zhaolun , Chen Yuncong , Liu Zhipeng , Guo Zijian
Published: January 2023

Spatiotemporal assessment of the oxidative stress dynamics in the brain is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying neurodegenerative diseases. However, existing oxidative stress probes have poor blood‐brain barrier permeability or poor penetration depth, making them unsuitable for brain imaging. Herein, we developed a photoacoustic probe that enables real‐time imaging of oxidative stress dynamics in the mouse brain. The probe not only responds to oxidative stress in a reversible and ratiometric manner, but it can also cross the blood‐brain barrier of the mouse brain. Notably, the probe displayed excellent photoacoustic imaging of oxidative stress dynamics in the brains of Parkinson's disease mouse models. In addition, we investigated the antioxidant properties of natural polyphenols in the brain of a Parkinson's disease mouse model using the probe as an imaging agent and suggested the potential of the probe for screening anti‐oxidative stress agents.
A Convergent, Modular Approach to Trifluoromethyl‐Bearing 5‐Membered Rings via Catalytic C(sp3)−H Activation
Authors: Wu Kai , Zhang Xuyang , Wu Liang‐Liang , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: January 2023

Trifluoromethyl‐bearing 5‐membered rings are prevalent in bioactive molecules, but modular approaches to these compounds by functionalization of robust C(sp3)−H bonds in a direct and selective manner are extremely challenging. Herein we report the rhodium‐catalyzed α‐CF3‐α‐alkyl carbene insertion into C(sp3)−H bonds of a broad range of substrates to access 7 types of CF3‐bearing saturated 5‐membered carbo‐ and heterocycles. The reaction is particularly effective for benzylic C−H insertion exerting good site‐, diastereo‐ and enantiocontrol, and applicable to the synthesis of chiral CF3 analogues of bioactive molecules. Ruthenium α‐CF3‐α‐alkyl carbene complexes underwent stoichiometric reactions to give C−H insertion products, lending evidence for the involvement of metal α‐CF3‐α‐alkyl carbene species in the catalytic cycle. DFT calculations revealed that the π⋅⋅⋅π attraction and intra‐carbene C−H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bond elucidate the origin of selectivity of the benzylic C−H insertion reactions.
Metalla‐Claisen Rearrangement in Gold‐Catalyzed [4+2] Reaction: A New Elementary Reaction Suggested for Future Reaction Design
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Yusheng , Shi Weiming , Yu Zhi‐Xiang
Published: January 2023

We report here computational evidence for a metalla‐Claisen rearrangement (MCR) in the case of gold‐catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of yne‐dienes. The [4+2] reaction starts from exo cyclopropanation, followed by MCR and reductive elimination. The cyclopropane moiety formed in the first step is crucial for a low barrier of the MCR step. In addition, the importance of an appropriate combination of the tether group and the terminal substituent on alkyne in the yne‐diene substrates was studied. The mechanism of rhodium‐catalyzed [4+2] reaction of yne‐dienes was also investigated to see whether an MCR mechanism is involved or not. The findings and new understanding hereby reported represent an important advance in the catalysis field.
Perylene‐Based Reactive Oxygen Species Supergenerator for Immunogenic Photochemotherapy against Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Lou Xue , Wang Hui , Liu Yu , Huang Yongwei , Liu Zhonghua , Zhang Wei , Wang Tie
Published: January 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as cytotoxic radicals to directly kill tumor cells and concurrently trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) to efficiently achieve tumor therapy. Thus motivated, we herein present one perylene monoamide‐based ROS supergenerator (PMIC‐NC) that not only induces hypoxia‐enhanced Type‐I ROS burst aided by proton transients but also triggers Type‐I/II ROS production by electron or energy transfer under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation and also elicits a strong ICD effect. More interesting, the mitochondria‐ and lung‐specific distribution of PMIC‐NC also boosts the tumor therapeutic efficiency. As a result, PMIC‐NC was employed for NIR‐triggered photodynamic therapy, hypoxia‐enhanced chemotherapy and also displayed robust immunogenicity for systemic tumor eradication. This work thus contributes one proof‐of‐concept demonstration of perylene as an integrated therapeutic platform for efficient immunogenic photochemotherapy against hypoxic tumors.
Phylogenomic analysis of Syrphoidea (Diptera: Syrphidae, Pipunculidae) based on the expanded mitogenomic data
Authors: Guo Shibao , Chen Junhua , Song Nan
Published: January 2023

The mitochondrial genome has become the most widely used genomic resource in resolving the insect phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we assess the interrelationships among the syrphid and pipunculid members of Syrphoidea using mitochondrial genome sequences of 152 taxa, 9 of which are newly reported and three are assembled from the existing transcriptome data. The Pipunculidae was found to be deeply nested members of Schizophora, which resulted in a nonmonophyletic Syrphoidea. In the monophyletic Syrphidae, unequivocal robust support was found for Microdontinae as the sister group of all other Syrphidae. The subfamily Eristalinae was nonmonophyletic. The Pipizinae was recovered as the sister group to the Syrphinae, albeit with strong support. As a whole, our results are concord with previously established hypotheses on Syrphoidea from the genome scale data. The mitochondrial genomes were successful in producing a robustly supported phylogenetic framework for the Syrphoidea.
The Biology of Pain: Through the Rheumatology Lens
Authors: Sunzini Flavia , Schrepf Andrew , Clauw Daniel J. , Basu Neil
Published: January 2023

Chronic pain is a major socioeconomic burden globally. The most frequent origin of chronic pain is musculoskeletal. In inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic pain is a primary determinant of deleterious quality of life. The pivotal role of peripheral inflammation in the initiation and perpetuation of nociceptive pain is well‐established among patients with musculoskeletal diseases. However, the persistence of pain, even after the apparent resolution of peripheral inflammation, alludes to the coexistence of different pain states. Recent advances in neurobiology have highlighted the importance of nociplastic pain mechanisms. In this review we aimed to explore the biology of pain with a particular focus on nociplastic pain in RA.
Influence of cosmic rays on environmental ecosystems
Authors: Rodríguez‐López Lien , González‐Rodríguez Lisdelys , Díaz‐García Tayra , Cardenas Rolando
Published: January 2023

It is presented a model to consider the effect of high energy cosmic rays on three types of terrestrial ecosystem: coastal macroalgae, lakes, and forests. The model includes insights into muon dosimetry based in the stopping power of muons while traveling in water and soft biological tissues. It is shown that a muon from secondary cosmic rays could deposit in cells an energy much higher than that deposited by ultraviolet photons coming from the Sun. Consequently, drastic short‐term reductions of photosynthesis are obtained if energetic astrophysical phenomena such as gamma ray bursts and neutron star mergers happen in our astronomical neighborhood, while radiational solar storms also cause considerable inhibition of photosynthesis.
Design, Synthesis, and Antimycobacterial Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydroisoquinoline Hydrazide Analogs
Authors: Kumar Boddupalli Venkata Siva , Khetmalis Yogesh Mahadu , Nandikolla Adinarayana , Kumar Banoth Karan , Van Calster Kevin , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Cappoen Davie , Sekhar Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra
Published: January 2023

A series of novel 2‐substituted‐5,7‐dichloro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐6‐carbohydrazide were designed, synthesized and structures were confirmed by analytical methods, viz., 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and Mass spectrometry. Synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their anti‐mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra. Among all the evaluated compounds, 10A25 containing biphenyl moiety exhibited significant inhibition with IC50 4.7 μM. 10A19, with an electron‐withdrawing Iodo group in the ortho position of the phenyl exhibited significant anti‐tubercular activity with IC50 8.8 μM. IC50 values of the remaining compounds ranged from 9.2 to 73.6 μM. Molecular docking study of the significantly active compound 10A25 was performed to determine the putative binding position of the test ligand at the active site of the selected target proteins Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl reductase (InhA) PDB – 4TZK and peptide deformylase PDB – 3E3U. A suitable single crystal for one of the active compounds, 10A12, was generated and analysed to further confirm the structure of the compounds.
Understanding the Interactions of Guanine Quadruplexes with Peptides as Novel Strategies for Diagnosis or Tuning Biological Functions
Authors: Miclot Tom , Froux Aurane , D'Anna Luisa , Bignon Emmanuelle , Grandemange Stéphanie , Barone Giampaolo , Monari Antonio , Terenzi Alessio
Published: January 2023

Guanine quadruplexes (G4s) are nucleic acid structures exhibiting a complex structural behavior and exerting crucial biological functions in both cells and viruses. The specific interactions of peptides with G4s, as well as an understanding of the factors driving the specific recognition are important for the rational design of both therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In this review, we examine the most important studies dealing with the interactions between G4s and peptides, highlighting the strengths and limitations of current analytic approaches. We also show how the combined use of high‐level molecular simulation techniques and experimental spectroscopy is the best avenue to design specifically tuned and selective peptides, thus leading to the control of important biological functions.
Effect of UV Stress on the Structure and Function of Pro‐apoptotic Bid and Anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐xl proteins
Authors: Bera Akash , Singh Suraj , D'Souza Jacinta S. , Hosur Ramakrishna V. , Mishra Pushpa
Published: January 2023

Ultraviolet C (UV‐C) radiation induces apoptosis in mammalian cells via the mitochondrion‐mediated pathway. The Bcl‐2 family of proteins are the regulators of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and appears responsive to UV‐C radiation. It is unknown how the structure and, effectively, the function of these proteins are directly impacted by UV‐C exposure. Here, we present the effect of UV‐C irradiation on the structure and function of pro‐apoptotic Bid‐FL and anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐xlΔC proteins. Using a variety of biophysical tools, we show that, following UV‐C irradiation, the structures of Bcl‐xlΔC and Bid‐FL are irreversibly altered. Bcl‐xLΔC is found to be more sensitive to UV stress than Bid‐FL Interestingly, UV‐C exposure shows dramatic chemical shift perturbations in consequence of dramatic structural perturbations (α‐helix to β‐sheet) in the BH3‐ binding region, a crucial segment of Bcl‐xlΔC. Furter it has been shown that UV‐exposed Bcl‐xlΔC has reduced efficacy of its interactions with pro‐apoptotic tBid.
Flumatinib plus venetoclax as an effective therapy for Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute myeloid leukemia: A case report
Authors: Huang Si‐Man , Tao Tao , Wan Chao‐Ling , Wu Tian‐Mei , Cao Han‐Yu , Qiu Yan , Shen Xiang‐Dong , Wang Bin‐Ru , Ge Shuai‐Shuai , Li Yan‐Yan , Zhang Tong‐Tong , Wu Bing , Xue Sheng‐Li
Published: January 2023

Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute myeloid leukemia (Ph + AML) is a rare type of AML with a low survival rate and poor prognosis. We first report a Ph + AML patient who remained in long‐term remission after the combination of flumatinib and venetoclax, which could provide corresponding treatment ideas for clinical practice.
Treatment of a high healthcare utilizer with sepsis in a virtual hybrid hospital‐at‐home program
Authors: Paulson Margaret R. , Torres‐Guzman Ricardo A. , Matcha Gautam V. , Avila Francisco R. , Maita Karla C. , Garcia John P. , Forte Antonio J. , Maniaci Michael J.
Published: January 2023

High healthcare utilizers are often chronically ill patients who require aggressive hospital and outpatient care. We describe a patient with septic shock who was stabilized in the intensive care unit, then transitioned to a virtual hybrid hospital‐at‐home to complete both inpatient care as well as outpatient wound and rehabilitation therapy.
IrO2/Ir Composite Nanoparticles (IrO2@Ir) Supported on TiNxOy Coated TiN: Efficient and Robust Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Karade Swapnil Sanjay , Sharma Raghunandan , Gyergyek Saso , Morgen Per , Andersen Shuang Ma
Published: January 2023

It is crucial but challenging to reduce the required noble‐metal loading without compromising the catalytic performance of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. This study presents a highly active OER catalyst composed of IrO2 with Ir rich surface (IrO2@Ir) nanoparticles supported over nano TiN coated with TiOxNy (IrO2@Ir/TiN). The present approach demonstrates superior OER catalysts with high activity through small, uniformly dispersed IrO2@Ir nanoparticles, along with high durability owing to robust catalyst support and strong catalyst‐support interaction. The synthesized IrO2@Ir/TiN with an Ir loading of 40 wt % exhibits a mass‐normalized OER activity of 637 AgIr−1, which is 2.4 times that of the unsupported commercial benchmark IrO2 OER electrocatalyst. The fine nanoparticles and high activity enable significant (∼60 %) reduction in the Ir metal loading required to obtain equivalent OER performance. In addition, when evaluated through an accelerated stress test using potential cycling, the catalyst exhibits outstanding durability (79 % retention) compared to that of the commercial equivalent (66 % retention). The OER activity loss was attributed to the catalyst dissolution (30 % loss) and the catalyst particle growth (70 %), with no measurable loss due to the TiN support corrosion. The development of ultra‐fine IrO2@Ir nanoparticles and robust ceramic catalyst support significantly improved the Ir utilization and open a new perspective for supported OER catalyst.
Modeling and optimization of malondialdehyde (MDA) absorbance behavior through response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial intelligence network (AIN): An endeavor to estimate lipid peroxidation by determination of MDA
Authors: Akbari Behnaz , Najafi Farhood , Bahmaei Manochehr , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad , Sherman Janet Hope
Published: January 2023

Oxidative stress (OS) associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks many biomolecules, leading to cell death, lipid peroxidation (LP), and physiological mechanism damage in the human body because of its reaction with nucleotides, membrane lipids, and proteins. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the end products of polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxidation. The elevated level of MDA is widely known as a biomarker for the indirect measurement of OS during LP. Although several derivatizations' approaches and successful commercial kits are available, their analytical validity and reliability in clinical studies require further attention to obtain robust quantitation and high‐quality data. Also, re‐evaluation and development of new analytical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity in response to free MDA and total MDA, DNA and protein adducts are not well‐characterized. Here, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were proposed to model, predict, and optimize MDA detection. This paper introduced a novel, simple, and fast modeling method using a new reagent (para methoxy aniline or PMA) for the first time to convert MDA to an adduct which could be detectable by UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Based on the interactions between MDA and PMA at times and temperatures, RSM and artificial intelligence network (AIN) were then applied to forecast the absorbance rate of MDA‐PMA. The optimum mode for the highest absorbance rate of MDA‐PMA is at the temperature of 74.99°C with a PMA concentration of 499.87 μM and MDA concentration of 49.98 μM. The best structure with five hidden layers, including 5,5,5,9,4 neurons with the transfer function logsig for each layer, was selected for the MLP‐ANN model. The maximum error rate of the MLP‐ANN model was 2.08%.Our new approach is an improvement over existing assay kits, overcoming limitations such as time, temperature, and reliability with a bright future to target increased MDA level in human samples.
A Semiconductor Biohybrid System for Photo‐Synergetic Enhancement of Biological Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yi Ziqian , Tian Shouqin , Geng Wei , Zhang Tongkai , Zhang Wen , Huang Yaoqi , Barad Hannah‐Noa , Tian Ge , Yang Xiao‐Yu
Published: January 2023

CdS nanoparticles were introduced on E. coli cells to construct a hydrogen generating biohybrid system via the biointerface of tannic acid‐Fe complex. This hybrid system promotes good biological activity in a high salinity environment. Under light illumination, the as‐synthesized biohybrid system achieves a 32.44 % enhancement of hydrogen production in seawater through a synergistic effect.
Live Monitoring of Anionic Living Polymerizations by Electrospray‐Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Eisele Niklas F. , Peters Matthias , Koszinowski Konrad
Published: January 2023

Anionic polymerizations are of exceptional practical importance, but difficult to analyze due to the high reactivity of the growing polymer chains. Here, we demonstrate that electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) permits direct observation of the active carbanionic intermediates formed in the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of 1‐cyanocyclopropanecarboxylate in tetrahydrofuran. This includes the identification of a side product, as well as real‐time analysis of the polymerization reaction. From the mass spectra obtained, we can derive not only the mean molar mass and the polydispersity, but also the rate constants for the initiation and the individual propagation steps. The initiation proceeds significantly faster than the propagation steps. Accordingly, the examined reaction corresponds to a living polymerization, as we also confirmed by additional control experiments. Besides giving detailed insight into the reaction system probed here, we also expect the presented methodology to make possible the in‐situ analysis of further anionic polymerizations.
Total Turnover Number – a Key Criterion for Process Evaluation
Authors: Bommarius Andreas S.
Published: January 2023

The dimensionless total turnover number TTN, the average number of turnovers per active site of a catalyst over the catalyst's lifetime, is a universal criterion for the operational stability of a catalyst. If the cost of the catalyst is known, the cost contribution per catalytic cycle can be determined. The present work honors the contributions by Prof. Christian Wandrey and his group on the topic of TTN and describes some recent developments on the subject.
CD47 and CD68 expression in breast cancer is associated with tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, blood vessel invasion, detection mode, and prognosis
Authors: Chen Ying , Klingen Tor Audun , Aas Hans , Wik Elisabeth , Akslen Lars A
Published: January 2023

CD47 expressed on tumor cells binds to signal regulatory protein alpha on macrophages, initiating inhibition of phagocytosis. We investigated the relationships between tumor expression of CD47 and CD68 macrophage content, subsets of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and vascular invasion in breast cancer. A population‐based series of 282 cases (200 screen detected and 82 interval patients) from the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program was examined. Immunohistochemical staining for CD47 and CD68 was evaluated on tissue microarray (TMA) slides. For CD47 evaluation, a staining index was used. CD68 tumor‐associated macrophages were counted and dichotomized. TIL subsets (CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, and FOXP3) were counted and dichotomized using immunohistochemistry on TMA slides. Vascular invasion (both lymphatic and blood vessel) was determined on whole tissue slides. High CD47 tumor cell expression or high counts of CD68 macrophages were significantly associated with elevated levels of all TIL subsets (p < 0.02), CD163 macrophages (p < 0.001), blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive) (p < 0.01), and high tumor cell Ki67 (p < 0.004). High CD47 expression was associated with ER negativity (p < 0.001), HER2 positive status (p = 0.03), and interval‐detected tumors (p = 0.03). Combined high expression of CD47–CD68 was associated with a shorter recurrence‐free survival (RFS) by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.37, p = 0.018), adjusting for tumor diameter, histologic grade, lymph node status, and molecular subtype. Patients with luminal A tumors showed a shorter RFS for CD47–CD68 high cases by multivariate assessment (HR: 5.73, p = 0.004). This study demonstrates an association of concurrent high CD47 tumor cell expression and high CD68 macrophage counts with various TIL subsets, blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive), other aggressive tumor features, and interval‐presenting breast cancer. Our findings suggest a link between CD47, tumor immune response, and blood vessel invasion (CD31 positive). Combined high expression of CD47–CD68 was an independent prognostic factor associated with poor prognosis in all cases, as well as in the luminal A category.
Polymeric Janus Fibers
Authors: Lamberger Zan , Zainuddin Shakir , Scheibel Thomas , Lang Gregor
Published: January 2023

Janus fibers are a class of composite materials comprising mechanical and chemical to biological functionality. Combining different materials and functionalities in one micro‐ or even nanoscale fiber enables otherwise unreachable synergistic physicochemical effects with unprecedented opportunities for technical or biomedical applications. Here, recent developments of processing technologies and applications of polymeric Janus fibers will be reviewed. Various examples in the fields of textiles, catalysis, sensors as well as medical applications, like drug delivery systems, tissue engineering and antimicrobial materials, are presented to illuminate the outstanding potential of such high‐end functional materials for novel applications in the upcoming future.
Thrombospondin‐1 mimic peptide PKHB1 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress‐mediated but CD47‐independent apoptosis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ye Jiani , Yao Yinan , Zhao Jianfeng , Cui Luyun , Lu Guohua , Wang Qing , Zhang Pei , Zhou Jianying
Published: January 2023

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity and mortality. PKHB1, a serum‐stable Thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) mimic peptide, has shown some effective ability in triggering cell death against several cancers. Here, we aimed to study the potential biological function of PKHB1 and its molecular mechanism in NSCLC. Our results revealed that PKHB1 significantly suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, cell migration, and induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, we found that PKHB1 treatment resulted in mitochondrial transmembrane potential depolarization, Ca2+ overloading as well as the upregulation of proapoptotic proteins. Mechanistically, PKHB1 induced NSCLC cells apoptosis in a CD47‐independent manner. Further study revealed that PKHB1 provoked endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress principally through the activation of CHOP and JNK signaling, which could be alleviated in the presence of 4‐PBA, an ER stress inhibitor. Furthermore, xenograft tumor models showed that PKHB1 treatment could notably inhibit NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, these findings suggested that PKHB1 exerted antitumor efficacy in NSCLC via triggering ER stress‐mediated but CD47‐independent apoptosis, potentially functioned as a promising peptide‐based therapeutic agent for NSCLC.