bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Networks in infrastructure with applications to Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Berg Sanford V. , Phillips Michelle A.
Published: December 2018

The primary drivers of the creation of infrastructure networks are the benefits that can be achieved through collective action. For example, global and regional networks of regulators enable agencies to obtain inputs and create outputs that would otherwise be unavailable or very expensive. Such organizations act as intermediaries, providing forums for discussions, sharing data for benchmarking, producing public pronouncements, developing materials for stakeholders, providing capacity building for professional staff, and evaluating best practice laws (and procedures) that address institutional and policy issues. This article provides a census of such organizations, with particular emphasis on organizations within Latin America and the Caribbean. Although there is some evidence that these activities influence national regulations through the provision of benchmarking data and adoption of shared principles, quantifying those impacts is difficult. Organizations providing infrastructure services also collaborate within and across nations. These operator and regulatory networks can be across countries, within nations, or mixed in nature. Some are more ministerial in structure, while others were created to strengthen regulatory autonomy. Regulatory networks strengthen the operational capacity of national regulators, provide opportunities for improving staff expertise, promote the theme of greater independence of agencies, and reinforce their legitimacy as agencies that can improve infrastructure performance. Operator networks emerged as organizations for promoting best practice, sharing experiences, and developing strategies for dealing with operational and regulatory challenges. Examples from Latin America and the Caribbean illustrate the growth of networks that provide a wide range of “outputs” for those developing, implementing, and responding to public policy.
Your Name Is Your Lifesaver: Anglicization of Names and Moral Dilemmas in a Trilogy of Transportation Accidents
Authors: Zhao Xian , Biernat Monica
Published: December 2018

Can immigrants’ names determine whether they receive help or not? Drawing on a partial in-group membership framework, we adapted intergroup versions of moral dilemmas (a trilogy of transportation accidents) to test how Anglicizing ethnic names affects intergroup decision-making in hypothetical life-and-death situations. Study 1 showed that White American participants were equally likely to help White and Asian immigrants with Anglicized names but were less likely to help Asian immigrants with original ethnic names. The same effect emerged in Study 2 but only among male White American participants. In Study 3, White pro-assimilationists were more likely to help White than Arab immigrants (with either Anglicized or original ethnic names), but White pro-multiculturalists were more likely to help Arab immigrants with Anglicized names than White targets. The results suggest that name Anglicization as a cultural assimilation practice may reduce intergroup bias, but the precise pattern of effects is context-dependent.
The Impact of Gangs on Community Life in Trinidad
Authors: Adams Ericka B. , Morris Patrice K. , Maguire Edward R.
Published: December 2018

Trinidad and Tobago has more than 100 criminal gangs, some of which engage in high levels of homicide and violence. Recent research has shown that gang members in Trinidad and Tobago are more likely than nongang members to be arrested for violent, property, and drug crimes. As gangs continue to proliferate throughout the Caribbean, there is a pressing need to understand the nature of these gangs and their impact on the communities in which they are entrenched. Using data from interviews with community members, police officials, and gang members, as well as ethnographic observations from 10 high crime, predominantly Black communities in the Port of Spain area, this article investigates the impact of gang violence and the role of gangs in these urban communities. Our findings reveal the dominant nature of certain gangs and their formidable role in controlling turf and using violence to retaliate and intimidate.
Using the Expectancy-Value Theory to Understand Emerging Adult’s Financial Behavior and Financial Well-Being
Authors: Burcher Sarah A. , Serido Joyce , Danes Sharon , Rudi Jessie , Shim Soyeon
Published: December 2018

Using expectancy-value theory as a framework, we examined the independent effects of both early parental and personal financial expectations and values on emerging adults’ later financial behaviors and financial well-being during the college-to-career transition. Data were collected at three time points over 8 years from a cohort of college-educated emerging adults ( N = 754 participants from a larger longitudinal study). The main finding showed that emerging adults’ personal expectations and values, but not parental values or expectations, predicted the financial behaviors they practiced in college; early parental expectations predicted financial well-being after leaving college. The financial behaviors practiced in college were associated with subsequent financial well-being. Finally, college financial behavior mediated the effect of early personal values on subsequent financial well-being, but not personal financial expectations. We discuss the findings in regard to facilitating emerging adults college-to-career transition.
Choroideremia: from genetic and clinical phenotyping to gene therapy and future treatments
Authors: Mitsios Andreas , Dubis Adam M. , Moosajee Mariya
Published: December 2018

Choroideremia is an X-linked inherited chorioretinal dystrophy leading to blindness by late adulthood. Choroideremia is caused by mutations in the CHM gene which encodes Rab escort protein 1 (REP1), an ubiquitously expressed protein involved in intracellular trafficking and prenylation activity. The exact site of pathogenesis remains unclear but results in degeneration of the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. Animal and stem cell models have been used to study the molecular defects in choroideremia and test effectiveness of treatment interventions. Natural history studies of choroideremia have provided additional insight into the clinical phenotype of the condition and prepared the way for clinical trials aiming to investigate the safety and efficacy of suitable therapies. In this review, we provide a summary of the current knowledge on the genetics, pathophysiology, clinical features and therapeutic strategies that might become available for choroideremia in the future, including gene therapy, stem cell treatment and small-molecule drugs with nonsense suppression action.
Imaging in multiple myeloma: How? When?
Authors: Zamagni Elena , Tacchetti Paola , Cavo Michele
Published: December 2018

Bone disease is the most frequent feature of multiple myeloma (MM) and represents a marker of end-organ damage; it is used to establish the diagnosis and to dictate the immediate need for therapy. For this reason, imaging plays a significant role in the management of MM patients. Although conventional radiography has traditionally been the standard imaging modality, its low sensitivity in detecting osteolytic lesions and inability to evaluate response to therapy has called for the use of more sophisticated techniques, such as whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WBLDCT), whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). In this review, the advantages, indications of use, and applications of the 3 techniques in the management of patients with MM in different settings will be discussed. The European Myeloma Network and the European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines have recommended WBLDCT as the imaging modality of choice for the initial assessment of MM-related lytic bone lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold-standard imaging modality for detection of bone marrow involvement, whereas PET/CT provides valuable prognostic data and is the preferred technique for assessment of response to therapy. Standardization of most of the techniques is ongoing.
Paper Analytic Device to Detect the Presence of Four Chemotherapy Drugs
Authors: Smith Madeline , Ashenef Ayenew , Lieberman Marya
Published: December 2018

A paper analytic device, the chemoPAD, was developed and validated to visually detect methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin at concentrations commonly found in injectable dosage forms. By testing residual solution after patient treatment, the chemoPAD can be used to monitor drug quality without restriction of patient access to medication. The chemoPAD is produced by wax printing on Ahlstrom paper to create separate reaction areas and deposits small amounts of chemicals to create color changes in response to different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This creates a unique color bar code to identify each medication. Internal validation studies show that the chemoPAD has excellent sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between samples of 100% and 0% API, which is the distinction relevant to the majority of reported falsified chemotherapy cases. The platinum-containing drugs, cisplatin and oxaliplatin, can be detected semiquantitatively. The cards can be read either visually by comparison with a standard image or by using computer image analysis. Dosage forms were collected from the Ethiopian health care system and analyzed with the chemoPAD followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A substandard sample was discovered and reported to the Ethiopian Food Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among US Hispanic/Latino Youth: The SOL Youth Study
Authors: EVENSON KELLY R. , ARREDONDO ELVA M. , CARNETHON MERCEDES R. , DELAMATER ALAN M. , GALLO LINDA C. , ISASI CARMEN R. , PERREIRA KRISTA M. , FOTI SAMANTHA A. , VAN HORN LINDA , VIDOT DENISE C. , SOTRES-ALVAREZ DANIELA
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Physical activity and sedentary behavior among diverse Hispanic/Latino youth in the United States is not well documented. The aim of this study was to describe physical activity and sedentary behavior among a representative sample of Hispanic/Latino youth from four US communities using accelerometry and self-reported measures.

Methods

From 2012 to 2014, 1466 Hispanic/Latino youth ages 8 to 16 yr, children of participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, enrolled in the SOL youth. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed by interview. After this, youth wore an Actical accelerometer for 1 wk. All statistical analyses accounted for the complex survey design and used sampling weights.

Results

The accelerometer wear time adjusted mean minutes per day was: 604.6, sedentary; 178.9, light; 25.4, moderate; and 10.2, vigorous. Generally, higher levels of moderate and vigorous activity occurred among males, Mexican backgrounds, and youth age 8 to 10 yr compared with older age groups. Higher levels of sedentary behavior occurred among youth age 15 to 16 yr compared with younger age groups. The most common activities (reported, ≥1 per month) were of lower intensity, including listening to music (91.9%), homework (87.0%), riding in car/bus (84.3%), and hanging out with friends (83.4%). Common active pursuits included travel by walking (74.6%), physical education class (71.7%), running (71.4%), and recess (71.3%).

Conclusions

Time, intensity, and type of physical activity and sedentary behavior varied among Hispanic/Latino youth. These findings can inform efforts to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior among US Hispanic/Latino youth.
Life on the fringe: microbial adaptation to growth on carbon monoxide
Authors: Robb Frank T. , Techtmann Stephen M.
Published: December 2018

Microbial adaptation to extreme conditions takes many forms, including specialized metabolism which may be crucial to survival in adverse conditions. Here, we analyze the diversity and environmental importance of systems allowing microbial carbon monoxide (CO) metabolism. CO is a toxic gas that can poison most organisms because of its tight binding to metalloproteins. Microbial CO uptake was first noted by Kluyver and Schnellen in 1947, and since then many microbes using CO via oxidation have emerged. Many strains use molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor for aerobic oxidation of CO using Mo-containing CO oxidoreductase enzymes named CO dehydrogenase. Anaerobic carboxydotrophs oxidize CO using CooS enzymes that contain Ni/Fe catalytic centers and are unrelated to CO dehydrogenase. Though rare on Earth in free form, CO is an important intermediate compound in anaerobic carbon cycling, as it can be coupled to acetogenesis, methanogenesis, hydrogenogenesis, and metal reduction. Many microbial species—both bacteria and archaea—have been shown to use CO to conserve energy or fix cell carbon or both. Microbial CO formation is also very common. Carboxydotrophs thus glean energy and fix carbon from a “metabolic leftover” that is not consumed by, and is toxic to, most microorganisms. Surprisingly, many species are able to thrive under culture headspaces sometimes exceeding 1 atmosphere of CO. It appears that carboxydotrophs are adapted to provide a metabolic “currency exchange” system in microbial communities in which CO arising either abiotically or biogenically is converted to CO2and H2that feed major metabolic pathways for energy conservation or carbon fixation. Solventogenic CO metabolism has been exploited to construct very large gas fermentation plants converting CO-rich industrial flue emissions into biofuels and chemical feedstocks, creating renewable energy while mitigating global warming. The use of thermostable CO dehydrogenase enzymes to construct sensitive CO gas sensors is also in progress.
SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF TEACHING AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY
Authors: Солодова Галина , Solodova Galina
Published: December 2018

The education system, teaching as a socio-professional group, is one of the most important institutions of social reproduction of any modern society. A teacher is a paid civil servant. The meaning of the formation and growth of teaching as a professional group is the increasing nationalization of socialization processes. Based on this, the social well-being and well-being of teachers cannot be on the periphery of public attention
Underemployed Elizabethans: Gabriel Harvey and Thomas Nashe in the Parnassus Plays
Authors: Roberts P. B.
Published: December 2018

The Parnassus comedies appeared at Cambridge University between 1598 and 1601. Since they make multiple allusions to topical events, texts, and personalities, scholars have conventionally read them as personal satire, with characters representing luminaries such as the recent Cambridge graduate Thomas Nashe. This article, however, demonstrates that speeches given to several characters in the last two plays are previously untraced quotations from another Cambridge alumnus, Nashe’s antagonist Gabriel Harvey. While the plays evoke Harvey and Nashe, they do this because the two men’s post-Cambridge experiences illustrate the plays’ theme, the struggles of the scholar in the late-Elizabethan world.
The Witch of Edmonton: Witchcraft, Inversion, and Social Criticism
Authors: Amussen Susan D
Published: December 2018

The witchcraft plot in The Witch of Edmonton is decidedly secondary. The historical context helps us understand it: while belief in witchcraft was near universal, uncertainty always hovered over individual cases. The social criticism articulated by the witch in the play, with its attack on the abuse of the poor (especially poor women) by their neighbours is central to the impact of the play. If those in power are held accountable, the responsibilities of the patriarchs who failed Frank Thorney — his father and master — are also in question. The witch calls into question all those given authority in society.
Universality of Power-of-d Load Balancing in Many-Server Systems
Authors: Mukherjee Debankur , Borst Sem C. , van Leeuwaarden Johan S. H. , Whiting Philip A.
Published: December 2018

We consider a system of [Formula: see text] parallel single-server queues with unit exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process of rate [Formula: see text]. When a task arrives, the dispatcher assigns it to a server with the shortest queue among [Formula: see text] randomly selected servers ([Formula: see text]). This load balancing strategy is referred to as a JSQ([Formula: see text]) scheme, noting that it subsumes the celebrated Join-the-Shortest Queue (JSQ) policy as a crucial special case for [Formula: see text]. We construct a stochastic coupling to bound the difference in the queue length processes between the JSQ policy and a JSQ([Formula: see text]) scheme with an arbitrary value of [Formula: see text]. We use the coupling to derive the fluid limit in the regime where [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], along with the associated fixed point. The fluid limit turns out not to depend on the exact growth rate of [Formula: see text] and in particular coincides with that for the JSQ policy. We further leverage the coupling to establish that the diffusion limit in the critical regime where [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] corresponds to that for the JSQ policy. These results indicate that the optimality of the JSQ policy can be preserved at the fluid level and diffusion level while reducing the overhead by nearly a factor O([Formula: see text]) and O([Formula: see text]), respectively.
Future of Specialist Practice Qualifications in district nursing for band 6 leadership roles
Authors: Carlin Alexandra , Chesters Anna
Published: December 2018

District nurse numbers in the UK are rapidly declining. To overcome this severe staff shortage, one community trust in a rural county appointed ‘case managers’ (nurses without Specialist Practice Qualifications in district nursing [SPQDN]) in band 6 leadership roles that were traditionally held by district nurses. Here, we aimed to establish the value of the SPQDN to determine if there is a future for the conventionally accepted DN role, instead of case managers. The study used an exploratory mixed-methods design. Using the classic e-Delphi technique, data were collected over 5 months from 10 purposively sampled senior nurse managers employed by the community trust who formed an expert panel. In round one, the panellists provided three responses each to the question ‘what is the future for district nurse specialist practitioner qualifications in [the trust] for band 6 leadership roles?’ In rounds two and three, they answered a close-ended questionnaire using a 3-point Likert scale. The core findings suggest that SPQDN and the district nurse role are considered extremely valuable (both achieving 100% consensus). Additional findings are linked to four core themes, namely, (1) SPQDN, (2) clinical practice educators, (3) workforce and (4) leadership. This study recommends continued investment in SPQDN and the district nurse role with the use of succession planning for workforce management.
Infection prevention in care homes: the role of community nurses
Authors: Wood Dana
Published: December 2018

Community nurses are often in the position of providing clinical services to residents in the care home sector. In doing so, they need to consider the factors that increase the risk of infection in these residents and how these might be addressed. They also need to be mindful of the collaborative approach required and any training needs of staff working there in relation to services they have provided.
What's that rash? Key dermatological presentations for the paramedic
Authors: Kirkby John , Eaton Georgette
Published: December 2018

Overview

This article presents an overview of the additional aspects of history-taking that need to be considered when assessing patients presenting with a rash. This relies on strong underpinning anatomy and physiology knowledge to correlate the skin presentation to what may be happening pathophysiologically within the patient's skin. Four case studies are presented, with leading questions which are then explained. The overall aim of this article is to provide an introduction to key dermatological presentations for the paramedic as a starting point for more thorough reading and exploration on the subject.
Firm focus
Authors: Hunt Maureen
Published: December 2018

Caring for a child with SEND needn't be daunting. Maureen Hunt offers childminders advice on how to meet a child's needs and raise aspirations
We've explored… teeth
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2018

How a giant mouth taught children and parents about oral hygiene. By Annette Rawstrone
Unsung heroes
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2018

Five ‘back office’ employees – spanning health and safety, customer services, recruitment, finance and catering – tell Annette Rawstrone what inspires them in their role
Pots of gold
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2018

David Wright, co-owner of 2018 Nursery Group of the Year winner Paint Pots, tells Annette Rawstrone about the chain's ethos, both in Southampton and beyond
All in the mind
Authors: Faux Karen
Published: December 2018

With a quarter of the workforce considering leaving the profession due to stress, Karen Faux talks to some of the settings that are proactively taking steps to improve staff mental health, well-being and sense of belonging
Talking numbers
Authors: White Hilary
Published: December 2018

In the first article in a series on ‘maths talk’, Hilary White offers suggestions to explore and introduce language linked to quantity, number and counting through heuristic play.
Design and Testing of an On-Line Omnidirectional Inspection and Sorting System for Soybean Seeds
Authors: Quan Longzhe , Zhang Tianyu , Sun Liran , Chen Xin , Xu Zhitong
Published: December 2018

Abstract. At present, the manual grading of soybean seeds is both time consuming and laborious, and detecting the full-surface information of soybean seeds using an existing automatic sorting machine is difficult. To solve this problem, an on-line omnidirectional inspection and sorting system for soybean seeds was developed using embedded image processing technology. According to the principles employed by the system, the surface friction properties and full-surface information such as the shape, texture and color of soybean seeds were adopted in the study. Soybean seeds were inspected and sorted using their full surface information in combination with the embedded image processing technology. Split, worm-eaten, gray-spotted, slightly cracked, moldy and normal soybeans were used to test the system. According to the test results, the optimum design parameters of the preliminary sorting device based on the friction properties were a tilting angle of 12° and a linear velocity of 0.4 m/s. Furthermore, the optimum design parameters of the directional integrated device were a tilting angle of 19° and a linear velocity of 0.45 m/s. The sorting speed was 400 soybeans per minute with 8-channel parallel transmission. The average sorting accuracies were 99.4% for split soybeans, 98.5% for worm-eaten soybeans, 98.5% for gray-spotted soybeans, 97.7% for slightly cracked soybeans, 98.6% for moldy soybeans, and 98.9% for normal soybeans. The overall results suggest that the system can potentially meet the needs of the rapid inspection and automatic sorting of soybean seeds and provide references for research on the alternating rotational motion of granules and on-line collection of full-surface information. Keywords: Embedded image processing technology, Full surface, Granules, Inspection, On-line, Sorting, Soybean seeds.
Effect of Spraying Functional Water on Aerosolized Escherichia coli and Two Physicochemically Distinct Swine Viruses
Authors: Naide Takanori , Ikeguchi Atsuo , Miyazaki Ayako , Katsuda Ken
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Epidemic infectious diseases cause significant economic losses to the pork industry, and yet few control measures are currently available to reduce their airborne transmission. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether spraying distilled water (DW), emulsified canola oil, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, or slightly acidic diluted hypochlorite solution (SADH) could effectively reduce the concentration of mechanically aerosolized and two physicochemically distinct swine viruses, porcine sapelovirus (PSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Each functional water was sprayed in an enclosed room (4 m × 4 m × 4 m) at a Biosafety Level 2 experimental facility 15 min after aerosolization of a solution containing 10 log10 colony-forming units (cfu) of and 9 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of each of PSV and PEDV. Airborne and settling samples were collected before and after spraying, and the quantities of live and infectious virus were assessed. It was found that spraying treatment mitigated the bacteria concentration in the air and settling samples, with the airborne concentration decreasing by 1.5 log10 cfu m-3 following spraying with DW and immediately falling below the detection limit following spraying with SADH. Furthermore, the settling concentration fell below the detection limit 20 min after spraying with SADH. The airborne PSV concentration also decreased by 1.5 log10 TCID50 m-3 after spraying with DW and canola oil, while spraying with SADH caused both the airborne and settling PSV concentrations to immediately fall below the detection limit, where they remained 60 min later. Thus, spraying with functional water, particularly SADH, effectively reduced the airborne and settling concentrations of these bacteria and viruses. Keywords: Aerosols, Disease control, Misting, Sterilization.
The Influence of Forest Canopies on the Decay of Aircraft Wake Vortices and Downwash
Authors: Teske Milton E. , Thistle Harold W.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The dominant mechanism driving aerially released spray material toward the ground is the flow field generated by the aircraft, in the form of either aircraft vortices or downwash. In AGDISP, the initial strength of this flow field is reduced over time by a simple damping mechanism tied to atmospheric turbulence. When these flow fields enter a forest canopy, the scrubbing impact of the canopy structure further reduces their strength and influences the behavior of spray droplets released into the canopy. This study uses a simple model to approximate the canopy damping mechanism and then applies this model to a recent canopy dataset in an effort to validate the approach proposed. Keywords: Aerial spray, AGDISP, Aircraft vortices, Canopy penetration, Damping, Downwash.
SOCIAL MEDIA IMPACT ON INDONESIAN MUSLIM WOMEN'S CONSUMPTION OF ISLAMIC FASHION
Authors: Mas'udah Durrotul
Published: December 2018

This paper concerns on analyzing social media as a new means of consumption and its impact on Indonesian Muslim women's consumption of Islamicfashion. Several analytical frameworks such as consumption,identity construction, and postmodern society are used to analyzethe issue. The analysis is mostly basedon literature resources. The analysis concludes that social media, considered as a new means ofconsumption, impact the Indonesia Muslim women's consumption of Islamic fashion in twointerconnected ways: 1. it becomes a space for the construction of variousidealized standards of how a fashionable Muslim woman can look like, and 2. it influences the way Indonesian Muslim women construct and present theiridentity as fashionable Muslim women. Both of these form their consumption on Islamic fashion items. Tulisan ini memaparkan analisis tentang media sosial sebagai sebuah alat konsumsi baru dan pengaruhnya terhadap pola konsumsi fashion Islami oleh wanita Muslim di Indonesia. Beberapa kerangka teori seperti konsumsi, konstruksi identitas, and masyarakat post-modern digunakan untuk menganalisis isu ini. Analisis dalam tulisan ini sebagian besar didasarkan pada studi literatur. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa media sosial, yang dapat dilihat sebagai sebuah alat konsumsi baru, mempengaruhi pola konsumsi fashion Islami oleh wanita Muslim di Indonesia dalam dua cara yang saling berhubungan: (1) media sosial menjadi sebuah ruang konstruksi berbagai macam standar yang dianggap ideal tentang penampilan wanita Muslim yang fashionable dan (2) media sosial mempengaruhi cara-cara wanita Muslim di Indonesia dalam mengkonstruksi dan mempresentasikan identitasnya sebagai wanita Muslim yang fashionable. Kedua hal ini membentuk pola konsumsi mereka terhadap fashion Islami.
AKTIVISME, FILANTROPI SOSIAL DAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DI YOGYAKARTA: Studi terhadap Dinamika Aktivisme Yayasan Sahabat Ibu dalam Pemberdayaan Perempuan di Yogyakarta
Authors: Widianto Ahmad Arif
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the dynamics of women`s activism of Yayasan Sahabat Ibu (YSI) in empowering women in Yogyakarta. YSI was formed by woman activists who concerned to recover children and women after the earthquake in Yogyakarta through philanthropic activities. Their activism continues following some natural disasters in Yogyakarta from 2006-2012. The activists then declared themselves as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The orientation of the YSI movement has also changing changed from charity to productive women empowerment.This orientation were caused by changes in the way activists view the problems of women in Yogyakarta. YSI then runs three programs namely the Maternity and Child Benefit Program (PROSIBU), Mandiri Empowerment Program (PRIMA) and Smart and Skilled Mother Program (PINTAR). In this paper, The dynamics of YSI is discussed in three points; first, portraits of women’s activism and philanthropy in Indonesia; second, the dynamism of YSI activism from charity toward productive empowerment; third, YSI’s efforts to escape the dependence of philanthropic or fundraising assistance from donor agencies through the development of productive economics and the establishment of savings and credit cooperatives.Artikel ini membahas dinamika aktivisme perempuan Yayasan Sahabat Ibu (YSI) dalam melakukan pemberdayaan perempuan di Yogyakarta. YSI terbentuk dari perempuan-perempuan aktivis yang tergerak untuk melakukan recovery terhadap anak-anak dan perempuan pasca gempa bumi di Yogyakarta melalui kegiatan filantropis dan motivasi. Aktivisme mereka berlanjut seiring beruntunnya bencana alam di Yogyakarta dari tahun 2006-2012. Para aktivis tersebut kemudian mendeklarasikan diri sebagai Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM). Orientasi gerakan YSI pun berubah dari kegiatan karitatif menuju pemberdayaan perempuan yang produktif Perubahan orientasi tersebut disebabkan oleh perubahan cara pandang para aktivis terhadap permasalahan perempuan di Yogyakarta. YSI kemudian menjalankan tiga program yaitu Program Santunan untuk Ibu dan Anak (PROSIBU), Program Pemberdayaan Ibu Mandiri (PRIMA) dan Program Ibu Cerdas dan Terampil (PINTAR). Dalam tulisan ini, Dinamika YSI dibahas dalam tiga poin; pertama, potret aktivisme perempuan dan filantropi di Indonesia. Kedua, dinamika aktivisme YSI dari karitatif menuju pemberdayaan produktif. Ketiga, Upaya YSI untuk melepaskan diri dari ketergantungan bantuan filantropis atau fundraising dari lembaga donor melalui pengembangan ekonomi produktif dan pembentukan koperasi simpan pinjam.
DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM DAN PENCAPAIAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL
Authors: Maryolo Amril
Published: December 2018

Social studies have many variations because society is not a single object. Social change is a phenomenon of community construction that has a variety of variations. Development is a word used to describe processes and efforts to enhance economic, political, cultural, social, and so on. With such an understanding "development" is aligned with the word "social change." Along with development theory there are other social change theories such as socialism, dependensia, or other theories. Therefore, many people call developmental theory as developmentism. Thus such theories reject theories, such as the theory of community-based development, or even sustainable development and are alternatives to developmentism, but other variations of the ideology of developmentism.Kajian sosial memiliki macam variasi karena masyarakat bukanlah objek yang tunggal. Perubahan sosial merupakan fenomena konstruksi masyarakat yang memiliki ragam yang bervariasi. Pembangunan merupakan suatu kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan proses dan usaha untuk menimgkatkan kehidupan ekonomi, politik, budaya, sosial, dan sebagainya. Dengan pemahaman seperti itu “pembangunan” disejajarkan dengan kata “perubahan sosial”. Bersamaan dengan teori pembangunan terdapat teori-teori perubahan sosial lainnya seperti sosialisme, dependensia, ataupun teori lain. Oleh karena itu banyak orang menamakan teori pembangunan sebagai pembangunanisme (developmentalism). Dengan demikian teori-teori seperti ini menolak teori-teori, seperti teori pembangunan berbasis masyarakat, atau bahkan pembangunan berkelanjutan (sustainable development) dan merupakan alternatif dari pembangunanisme, melainkan variasi-variasi lain dari ideologi pembangunanisme.
Türkiye'de Öğretmen Yeterlikleri
Authors: TUĞLUK Mehmet Nur , KÜRTMEN Selçuk
Published: December 2018

Hayatımızda sürekli olarak öğretme
ve öğrenme durumu söz konusudur. Bir insan çocukluktan itibaren sürekli olarak
bir şeyler öğrenir ve gelişir. Öğretme kısmında ise anne-baba ve tabii ki
öğretmen başı çeker. Öğretmen en genel tanımıyla, öğretmeye rehberlik eden
kişidir. Eğitimin olmazsa olmazı olan öğretmenler, bu kutsal mesleği yerine
getirebilmeleri için bazı yeterliklere sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bu
araştırmanın amacı ülkemizde 2006 yılında yayımlanmış olan TEDP Temel Eğitime
Destek Projesi “Öğretmenlik Mesleği Genel Yeterlikleri“, 2017 yılında
yayımlanmış olan Öğretmenli Mesleği Genel Yeterlikleri ve Öğretmen Strateji
Belgesi’nin, öğretmen yeterlikleri açısından incelenmesidir. Bu araştırma nitel
bir araştırmadır ve döküman inceleme modeliyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Araştırmada yayımlanan bu 3 program öğretmen yeterlikleri çerçevesinde
incelenmiştir.
The long and winding road…
Authors: Helm Francesca
Published: December 2018

The long and winding road is a metaphor for a journey, often used to describe life journeys and the challenges encountered. The metaphor was used for the title of my keynote to refer both to the journey towards the current position of virtual exchange in education policy – but also the long road ahead. This paper aims to explore the emergence of virtual exchange in educational policy and how it has been adopted by non-profit organisations, educational institutions, and policy makers to address geo- and socio-political tensions. Though still a relatively new field, in recent years there have been some important developments in terms of policy statements and public investments in virtual exchange. The paper starts by looking at the current state-of-the-art in terms of virtual exchange in education policy and initiatives in Europe. Then, using an approach based on ‘episode studies’ from the policy literature, the paper explores the main virtual exchange schemes and initiatives that have drawn the attention of European policy makers. The paper closes by looking at some of the lessons we have learnt from research on the practice of virtual exchange, and how this can inform us as we face the long road ahead of us. The focus of this paper is on the European context not because I assume it to be the most important or influential, but rather because it is the one I know best, since it is the context in which I have been working.
Réinsertion des auteurs d’infractions à caractère sexuel : réflexion et échanges avec un responsable d’une communauté d’Emmaüs en région Centre-Val de Loire (France)
Authors: Courtois Robert , Mozas Emmanuel , Bertsch Ingrid
Published: December 2018

Les personnes accueillies dans une communauté d’Emmaüs représentent une population très hétérogène au sein de laquelle il peut y avoir des auteurs d’infractions à caractère sexuel (AICS). Ces communautés offrent théoriquement à toutes personnes la possibilité de les rejoindre pourvu qu’en échange elles puissent travailler pour faire vivre la collectivité. La compétence n’est pas nécessairement requise, car le travail est adapté aux possibilités de chacun. Cela peut permettre aussi bien à une personne souffrant de troubles psychiques chroniques comme la schizophrénie d’y trouver sa place (si sa maladie est suffisamment stabilisée pour supporter un minimum de contrainte liées à la vie collective), qu’à un AICS en situation post-pénale et en situation d’exclusion sociale.
Les AICS ont besoin d’avoir des lieux de vie qui peuvent les accueillir qui ne sont pas si nombreux, surtout en cas de violences intrafamiliales. Ils vont cumuler des difficultés multiples : faibles ressources financières, faible niveau d’étude et de formation, auxquelles seront associées des difficultés de réinsertion sociale. Celles-ci peuvent représenter autant de facteurs de risque de récidive de l’acte délictueux ou criminel pour lequel ils ont été condamnés ou pour tout autre forme de violence. Mais si l’accueil dans une communauté de vie représente une forme de « protection » par la dimension contenante qu’elle offre, les interactions sociales qu’elle permet, il n’est pas une garantie contre la reprise d’une carrière délinquante ou criminelle. Les communautés d’Emmaüs permettent l’intégration dans une communauté de vie et un retour au sein de la société pour que les personnes accueillies puissent un jour mener à bien ou non leur projet de réinsertion sociale.
Metacognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case report
Authors: Melchior Kim , Franken Ingmar H. A. , van der Heiden Colin
Published: December 2018

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and disabling disorder. The most effective psychological treatment for OCD is currently exposure with response prevention (ERP). Although ERP is an effective therapy, recovery rates are relatively modest, so there is room for improvement. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) for OCD focuses primarily on modifying metacognitive beliefs about obsessions and compulsions, instead of their actual content. Based on a few small preliminary studies, there are some indications for the effectiveness of MCT for OCD. In the present article, the metacognitive model and treatment are discussed, as well as empirical support for its efficacy. Because detailed descriptions of the application of this treatment modality for patients with OCD are scarce, the authors report a case study to illustrate the content of this form of therapy.
Assisting relapse prevention in OCD using a novel mobile app–based intervention: A case report
Authors: Pascual-Vera Belén , Roncero María , Doron Guy , Belloch Amparo
Published: December 2018

Mobile health apps increase the accessibility of cognitive-behavioral–based interventions before, during, or following treatment. GGOC is a mobile app designed to challenge maladaptive beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This single-case study assesses the usefulness of GGOC as a relapse prevention tool for OCD. The patient was a 26-year-old woman with severe contamination and washing/cleaning OCD symptoms (Y-BOCS = 33). GGOC was used for relapse prevention following CBT treatment. The patient completed 47 levels dedicated to OCD-relevant maladaptive beliefs. Before and after GGOC, the Y-BOCS, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-20), and Depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale were completed. The OBQ-20 and OCI-R scores decreased from pre- to post-GGOC. The Y-BOCS decreased from 7 pre-GGOC to 2 post-GGOC. Findings support the efficacy of GGOC as a relapse prevention tool for individuals with OCD, and its contribution to maintaining gains after CBT.
Postretrieval Relearning Strengthens Hippocampal Memories via Destabilization and Reconsolidation
Authors: Tay Kai Rong , Flavell Charlotte R. , Cassini Lindsey , Wimber Maria , Lee Jonathan L.C.
Published: December 2018

Memory reconsolidation is hypothesized to be a mechanism by which memories can be updated with new information. Such updating has previously been shown to weaken memory expression or change the nature of the memory. Here we demonstrate that retrieval-induced memory destabilization also allows that memory to be strengthened by additional learning. We show that for rodent contextual fear memories, this retrieval conditioning effect is observed only when conditioning occurs within a specific temporal window opened by retrieval. Moreover, it necessitates hippocampal protein degradation at the proteasome and engages hippocampal Zif268 protein expression, both of which are established mechanisms of memory destabilization-reconsolidation. We also demonstrate a conceptually analogous pattern of results in human visual paired-associate learning. Retrieval-relearning strengthens memory performance, again only when relearning occurs within the temporal window of memory reconsolidation. These findings link retrieval-mediated learning in humans to the reconsolidation literature, and have potential implications both for the understanding of endogenous memory gains and strategies to boost weakly learned memories.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMemory reconsolidation allows existing memories to be updated with new information. Previous research has demonstrated that reconsolidation can be manipulated pharmacologically and behaviorally to impair problematic memories. In this article, we show that reconsolidation can also be exploited to strengthen memory. This is shown both in rats, in a fear memory setting, and in a human declarative memory setting. For both, the behavioral conditions necessary to observe the memory strengthening match those that are required to trigger memory reconsolidation. There are several behavioral approaches that have previously been shown convincingly to strengthen memory. The present demonstration that reconsolidation can underpin long-lasting memory improvements may both provide an underlying mechanism for such approaches and provide new strategies to boost memories.
The Influence of Sex Appeal on Consumers Attitude toward the Ads Moderated by Product Factors
Authors: Nusantara Aji Cahya , Haryanto Budhi
Published: December 2018

This study wants to examine the relationship between sex appeal and attitude towards the ads, and more than, this study also wants to examine the role of product factors in moderating the relationship of this two variables. Experimental design is done to control the relation among the variables observed in this study. The participants consist of 100 males’ undergraduate students of Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta-Indonesia, who are divided into 4 groups. Generalized Auto Regression Conditional Hetero-regressive (GARCH) is statistical method chosen to analysis the data. The results showed that sex appeal is an effective stimulus affects the individual positive attitude toward an advertisement. As well as product factor is another stimulus, which effectively influence positive attitudes toward advertising. But in this study also found that the product factor is not moderate the relationship between sex appeal and positive attitude toward advertising. In addition to this study also discusses the implications of both theoretical and practical, as well as the limitations of the study.
FGF-21 levels in polyuria-polydipsia syndrome
Authors: Refardt Julie , Sailer Clara Odilia , Winzeler Bettina , Betz Matthias Johannes , Chifu Irina , Schnyder Ingeborg , Fassnacht Martin , Fenske Wiebke , Christ-Crain Mirjam , _ _
Published: December 2018

The pathomechanism of primary polydipsia is poorly understood. Recent animal data reported a connection between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and elevated fluid intake independently of hormonal control by the hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and osmotic stimulation. We therefore compared circulating FGF-21 levels in patients with primary polydipsia to patients with AVP deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) and healthy volunteers. In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed FGF-21 levels of 20 patients with primary polydipsia, 20 patients with central diabetes insipidus and 20 healthy volunteers before and after stimulation with hypertonic saline infusion targeting a plasma sodium level ≥150 mmol/L. The primary outcome was the difference in FGF-21 levels between the three groups. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except for patients with central diabetes insipidus being heavier. There was no difference in baseline FGF-21 levels between patients with primary polydipsia and healthy volunteers (122 pg/mL (52,277) vs 193 pg/mL (48,301), but higher levels in patients with central diabetes insipidus were observed (306 pg/mL (114,484); P = 0.037). However, this was not confirmed in a multivariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and smoking status. Osmotic stimulation did not affect FGF-21 levels in either group (difference to baseline: primary polydipsia −23 pg/mL (−43, 22); central diabetes insipidus 17 pg/mL (−76, 88); healthy volunteers −6 pg/mL (−68, 22); P = 0.45). To conclude, FGF-21 levels are not increased in patients with primary polydipsia as compared to central diabetes insipidus or healthy volunteers. FGF-21 therefore does not seem to be causal of elevated fluid intake in these patients.
The association between serum testosterone and insulin resistance: a longitudinal study
Authors: Ottarsdottir Kristin , Nilsson Anna G , Hellgren Margareta , Lindblad Ulf , Daka Bledar
Published: December 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a bidirectional association between testosterone concentrations and insulin resistance, in a prospective population study. A random population sample of 1400 men, aged 30–74, was examined in 2002–2005 in southwestern Sweden and followed up in 2012–2014 (N = 657). After excluding subjects without information on sex hormones and insulin resistance, 1282 men were included in the baseline study. Fasting measurements of plasma glucose, insulin and hormones were performed. Insulin resistance was defined using HOMA-Ir. Mean age at baseline was 47.3 ± 11.4 years. From the follow-up survey 546 men were included, mean age 57.7 ± 11.6 years. Low concentrations of total testosterone at baseline were significantly associated with high logHOMA-Ir at follow-up in a multivariable model including age, waist–hip ratio, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, LDL, CRP, hypertension, diabetes and logHOMA-Ir at baseline as covariates (β = −0.096, P = 0.006). Similar results were observed for bioavailable testosterone. Men within the lowest quartile of total testosterone at baseline had significantly higher logHOMA-Ir at follow-up than other quartiles (Q1 vs Q2 P = 0.008, Q1 vs Q3 P = 0.001, Q1 vs Q4 P = 0.052). Multivariable analysis of the impact of insulin resistance at baseline on testosterone levels at follow-up revealed no significant associations regarding testosterone concentrations (β = −0.003, P = 0.928) or bioavailable testosterone (β = −0.006, P = 0.873), when adjusting for baseline concentrations of total testosterone, age, waist–hip-ratio, LDL, CRP, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, hypertension and diabetes. Low testosterone concentrations at baseline predicted higher insulin resistance at follow-up, but high insulin resistance at baseline could not predict low testosterone at follow-up.