bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[es] LAS CARTAS DE FRANCISCO LÓPEZ DE VILLALOBOS: REDES SOCIALES, ORIGEN CONVERSO Y SOLIDARIDAD VERTICAL
Authors: Baranda Leturio C.
Published: July 2023

El trabajo analiza un rasgo peculiar de las epístolas de Villalobos: las alusiones–humorísticas a veces- al propio linaje converso en respuesta a las pullas que le dirigen sus corresponsales acerca de tal origen. Esta actitud ante una condición considerada infamante es una de las notas más destacadas por la (escasa) bibliografía sobre el autor, que la ha considerado una manifestación de la denominada literatura bufonesca o un fenómeno de autodeprecación relacionado con la pertenencia a grupos marginales. El estudio de estas citas en su contexto literario e histórico depara conclusiones diferentes. Casi todas ellas aparecen en las cartas vernaculares –no pensadas para la publicación- y se circunscriben a un número de destinatarios limitado, con una característica común: están emparentados con la familia Enríquez, la de los Almirantes de Castilla, de quienes entonces se afirmaba que descendían de una judía de Guadalcanal llamada Paloma. Las burlas acerca del linaje parecen adquirir así un sentido muy distinto: son muestra de complicidad entre el médico y un reducido grupo de la alta nobleza, con quienes intercambia motes a propósito del origen converso compartido, y tienen la función de reforzar los lazos de solidaridad que, sin duda, practicaron con él los nobles de este amplio grupo familiar.PALABRAS CLAVE: López de Villalobos, epístola, linaje, motes de linaje, conversos, Renacimiento.EPISTLES OF FRANCISCO LÓPEZ DE VILLALOBOS: NETWORKS, CONVERSO ORIGIN AND VERTICAL SOLIDARITYThis paper examines a peculiar feature of the epistles of Villalobos: allusions - often humorous- to his converso lineage in response to the taunts directed by his correspondents on such origin. This attitude about a condition considered infamous is one of the salient features of the literature on the author; it has been considered an instance of the so-called slapstick literature, a case of selfdeprecation associated with a marginal group membership. The study of these quotes in their literary and historical context holds different conclusions. The taunts appear mostly in vernacular epistles, not intended for publication, and are confined to a limited number of recipients with a common feature: they are related to the family Enriquez, the admirals of Castile, that descended from a jew named Paloma de Guadalcanal. Teasing about lineage seems to take a very different sense: it is a sample of complicity between the doctor and a small group of the nobility, with whom he shared jokes about their Jewish origins, and their function is to strengthen the bonds of solidarity with them.KEY WORDS: López de Villalobos, epistle, lineage, lineage ‘motes’, conversos, Renaissance.
[es] MUJERES EN LA CORTE DE FERNANDO DE ANTEQUERA Y ALFONSO EL MAGNÁNIMO: JOANA GARCÍA, COBIJERA Y SU HIJA
Authors: Ferrer Gimeno M. R.
Published: July 2023

Este artículo estudia la actividad política y cortesana de Fernando de Antequera y Alfonso El Magnánimo a través del oficio de cobijera. Un cargo femenino castellano de la máxima confianza por la proximidad al rey y que fue introducido en la Corona de Aragón por la Casa de Trastámara; en este caso lo desempeña Joana García y su hija Leonor. Unos personajes secundarios en la corte que dan una nueva cosmovisión de los monarcas trastámaras en la Corona de Aragón.PALABRAS CLAVE: Fernando de Antequera. Alfonso El Magnánimo. Cobijera. Museu. Aposentador. Espiritualidad femenina.WOMEN IN FERDINAND OF ANTEQUERA AND ALFONSO THE MAGNANIMOUS’S COURT: JOANA GARCÍA, COBIJERA AND HER DAUGTHERThis article examines the political and court activity of Ferdinand of Antequera and Alfonso the Magnanimous through the job of “cobijera”. This was a Castilian charge of the utmost confidence because of the proximity to the king. This female charge was introduced by the House of Trastámara in the Crown of Aragon; in this case Joana García and her daughter Leonor. Despite being of some secondary characters in the court, both of them give us a new worldview of Trastámaras monarchy in the Crown of Aragon.KEY WORDS: Ferdinand of Antequera. Alfonso the Magnanimous. Cobijera. Storeman. Chamberlain. Women’s spiritualiy.
[es] UN AGENTE SECRETO: MATEO RENZI Y EL SERVICIO A LA CASA DE AUSTRIA
Authors: González Cuerva Rubén
Published: July 2023

La figura del sacerdote romano Mateo Renzi (?-1630) se ha mantenido prácticamente desconocida hasta la actualidad. Representa un magnífico ejemplo de los agentes políticos de segunda fila que recorrieron Europa en el primer tercio del siglo XVII desempeñando las más variadas misiones para sus señores. El caso de Renzi muestra el vigor del triángulo establecido entre Madrid, Roma y Viena, que fue la clave para el mantenimiento de la hegemonía de los Habsburgo en el juego político europeo. Como diplomático, religioso, tratadista político y propagandista, Renzi sirve de hilo conductor para analizar cómo la política española se guiaba por consideraciones dinásticas y confesionales y se valía de un elenco de expertos de variado origen para mantener un eficaz entendimiento con el Papa y el Emperador, los dos grandes aliados de la Monarquía hispana.PALABRAS CLAVE: Renzi, Zúñiga, privanza, HabsburgoA DISCREET AGENT: MATEO RENZI AND THE SERVICE TO THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA The profile of the Roman priest Mateo Renzi (?-1630) has remained almost unknown until now. He represented a clear model of those political agents of second row which played diverse missions in several European courts at the beginnings of the 17th century. His case shows the strength of the axis between Madrid, Rome and Vienna as clue for the maintenance of the Habsburgs’ hegemony in European policy. His duties as diplomat, clergyman, political theorist and propagandist are a relevant thread for analysing the dynastic and confessional goals of the Spanish politics. At the same time, these varied duties show the flexibility of the Spanish Monarchy, which resorted to a cosmopolite cast of experts for strengthening the rapport with its two main allies: the Pope and the Emperor.KEY WORDS: Renzi, Zúñiga, favourites, Habsburgs
[es] LA DINASTÍA HABSBURGO EN LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA ESPAÑOLA DE LOS SIGLOS XIX Y XX
Authors: Martínez Millán José
Published: July 2023

RESUMENEn este artículo se exponen las diversas interpretaciones realizadas por la historiografía española e internacional del significado de la Casa de Austria en la construcción de una Historia nacional española. Aborda no solo su inclusión en la memoria y las identidades nacionales sino que también analiza la contribución de los hispanistas. Por último se pone de relieve el papel fundamental de la Corte para una interpretación adecuada de los siglos XVI y XVII.PALABRAS CLAVE: Monarquía Hispánica, Casa de Habsburgo, Casa de Austria, Corte española, historiografía, hispanistas.
La mutación neoliberal del sistema educativo italiano desde los años 2000 hasta el umbral del Plan Nacional de Recuperación y Resiliencia
Authors: Borrelli Davide , Latempa Rossella
Published: July 2023

Analizamos las políticas aplicadas en el sistema escolar y universitario italiano como parte del “Plan Nacional de Recuperación y Resiliencia”, es decir, las reformas adoptadas por el gobierno italiano y financiadas con fondos europeos para hacer frente a la crisis pandémica. Estas medidas parecen plenamente coherentes con las políticas educativas de las dos últimas décadas. Argumentamos que la política italiana  aprovechó una nueva crisis para acelerar los procesos de reforma, superando las resistencias políticas y culturales a una agenda neoliberal pretendidamente modernizadora que se viene persiguiendo desde principios de la década de 2000. El aparente giro educativo que se está produciendo con el PNRR puede considerarse como una forma de “gatopardismo”, es decir, una estrategia que sigue el principio enunciado por uno de los personajes de El Gatopardo de Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, por el que “si queremos que todo siga como está, es preciso que todo cambie”.
El Movimiento por la Base y sus programas en el Sureste de Brasil: ¿Privatización curricular?
Authors: Cóstola Andresa , Borghi Raquel Fontes
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar la actuación de los actores privados que integran el “Movimiento por la Base” en 2013-2019. El análisis tiene como corte espacial las redes estatales de educación del Sureste brasileño. Se pretende presentar las influencias que el sector privado ha causado en la construcción y sentido del currículo a través de su desempeño histórico. La metodología utilizada implicó la investigación sistemática en bases de datos públicas de las Secretarías de Estado de Educación del país. Los resultados indican que el sector privado ha ingresado con mayor facilidad al sistema público, especialmente a través de programas de privatización curricular, principalmente en el contexto de la educación secundaria, desatando un complejo proceso de privatización de la educación pública estatal en Brasil.
Gobernanza de “Aprende en Casa”: Análisis desde la caja de herramientas de Stephen J. Ball
Authors: Tixtha López Octavio
Published: July 2023

El Neoliberalismo teje sus redes de influencia en todo ámbito de la vida social, favorece a unos cuantos y les permite beneficiarse incluso de la pandemia COVID-19. En el presente texto se analiza la política pública educativa “Aprende en Casa”, estrategia diseñada por el gobierno de México para dar continuidad con el servicio educativo durante la pandemia. Se analiza la gobernanza de dicha política, usando la caja de herramientas de Stephen J. Ball, esto implica exponer la participación de actores privados como televisoras y corporaciones en el diseño e implementación de dicha política, los beneficios económicos recibidos, su nivel de influencia sobre el diseño de clases y la configuración de las y los docentes mediante esta política pública.
Effects of nanoclay modification with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) on the performance of urea–formaldehyde resin adhesives
Authors: Khorramabadi Leila Asadi , Behrooz Rabi , Kazemi Saeed
Published: July 2023

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, as the most common adhesives for wood-based composites, emit formaldehyde, which is forcing producers to find a solution to this problem. Using scavengers is a practical way of reducing formaldehyde emissions, but sometimes these materials change the properties of the adhesive. This study investigated the effect of adding nanoclay and nanoclay modified with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), as scavengers, on the formaldehyde emission and the properties of the urea-formaldehyde resin. Modification of nanoclay with APTES was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. After the addition of nanoclay and modified nanoclay to the urea-formaldehyde resin, the emission of formaldehyde decreased by 22% and 61%, and the physical and mechanical properties were improved. The FTIR, XRD, and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the addition of nanoclay and modified nanoclay improved the characteristics of the adhesive, reduced the crystalline areas, and delayed the curing of the adhesive. Additionally, according to thermogravimetric analysis results, addition of nanoclay and modified nanoclay increased the thermal stability and reduced the weight loss of urea formaldehyde resin.
Dendrochronological potential of Juniperus foetidissima Willd in central Anatolia, a semi-arid region of Turkey
Authors: Kahveci Gülzade
Published: July 2023

The dendrochronological potential of Juniperus foetidissima, growing in central Anatolia, was assessed. Raw, standard, and residual tree-ring chronologies were prepared for J. foetidissima trees in the Eskişehir region using classical dendrochronological methods for the period between 1875 and 2014. All the chronologies were statistically relevant, and the running correlation, expressed population signal, and mean sensitivity values in the residual tree-ring chronology were within the given limits. Therefore, the residual tree-ring chronologies were used to assess the climate-growth relationship. The relationships between tree-ring width growth and climate variables (mean temperature, monthly sum of precipitation) were investigated using response function analysis (moving windows correlations) in the R platform. Positive or negative relations were found between the residual tree-ring widths and the monthly precipitation and mean temperature, but with low coefficient values. The tree-ring width growth showed a significantly negative response to precipitation in August of the current year for the period in 1977-2001 and 1978-2002 and significantly positive to temperature in June of the current year for the period in 1971-1995, 1972-1996, and 1993-1996. In conclusion, despite some problems with cross-dating, J. foetidissima can generally be used for dendrochronological research and is suitable for developing long-term chronologies.
Impact of hot compressed water pretreatment on the structural changes of woody biomass for bioethanol production
Authors: Xiao Ling-Ping , Sun Zhao-Jun , Shi Zheng-Jun , Xu Feng , Sun Run-Cang
Published: July 2023

As an initial step in an alternative use of woody biomass to produce bioethanol, this work was aimed at investigating the effect of hot compressed water (HCW) pretreatment within the temperature range 100 to 200 °C in a batch-type reactor on the structural changes of Tamarix ramosissima. The untreated and pretreated solid residues were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), r transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), solid-state cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS), 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as chemical methods. The results showed that HCW pretreatment solubilized mainly hemicelluloses and resulted in enriched cellulose and lignin content in the pretreated solids. It was found that the deposition of lignin droplets on the residual surfaces was produced during pretreatment under the hot water conditions above 140 °C. In addition, the removal of hemicelluloses and lignin re-localisation as a result of condensation reactions under the severe pretreatment condition may lead to an increase in cellulose crystallinity and thermal stability of biomass solid residues, thus consequently influencing the downstream digestibility of biomass for sugars and bioethanol production.
Spectroscopic, thermal, and anatomical characterization of cultivated bamboo (Gigantochloa spp.)
Authors: Bhat Irshad-ul-Haq , Mustafa Mohd. Tamizi B. , Mohmod Abd. Latif , Abdul Khalil H. P. S.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents spectroscopic, thermal, and morphological properties of two bamboo species viz. Gigantochloa brang and Gigantochloa wrayi. The nature of cell wall structure and distribution of vascular bundles in G. brang and G. wrayi were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Gigantochloa spp. at various positions and locations showed identical thermal stability and are stable up to 200 °C. The decomposition of cellulose and hemicelluloses component of the culm occurred between 220 °C and 390 °C, while the degradation of lignin takes place above 400 °C.
Effect of polymers and metal ions on the behavior of pitch from a spruce TMP-based specialty paper mill based on DSC and confocal LSM analysis
Authors: Dai Zhongguo , Court George , Li Zhiqing , Ni Yonghao
Published: July 2023

The appropriate pitch control is critical in many pulp and paper operations. One of the important approaches for pitch control is to use synthetic polymers. In this paper, we provide evidence from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis that the pitch deposits formed with polymers, such as polyDADMAC and CPAM, had better thermal stability than those without these polymers. Metal cations also affected the thermal stability of deposited pitch, depending on their valencies. The confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to determine the distribution of pitch in the handsheets, and the results showed that polymers can aggregate pitch particles, which facilitates the retention of pitch on the paper sheet.
Mechanistic study of the conversion from DMDFC to DOHE in the levulinic acid formation process by theoretical approaches
Authors: Wang Ze , Lin Weigang , Song Wenli
Published: July 2023

A reaction route accounting for the formation of levulinic acid from 5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde was deduced on the basis of the mechanism previously offered by Horvat, to match the steps with more details. A newly deduced reaction route was proposed between two intermediate products within this mechanism, and the probabilities of the two mechanisms were compared by Gaussian 03 software. It was found that the conversion from the intermediate 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-furan-2-carbaldehyde (DMDFC) to 2,5-dioxo-hex-3-enal (DOHE) in the original mechanism has a lower net energy barrier than that in the newly deduced mechanism, and thus should be more preferred. The mechanism indicates that DMDFC is first protonized, followed by a proton shift process, and thereafter an OH- ion is added, completing the hydration process. Thereafter, an intramolecular H-shift reaction proceeds, leading to conversion to the intended intermediate product DOHE by the consecutive processes of isomerization and dehydration.
Simultaneous determination of chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid in bleaching system
Authors: Ding Tao , Gu Lianbai , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2023

This study has demonstrated a rapid spectroscopic method for the determination of chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid concentrations in the pulp bleaching processes. It was found that chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid have an isosbestic wavelength of 295 nm. The soluble lignin in such a system is the main interference, but can be corrected by determining the absorbances at 295 nm, 380 nm, and 480 nm. Thus, based on the spectroscopic measurements at 295 nm (the isosbestic point wavelength for chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid), 380 nm (absorbance wavelength of chlorine dioxide) and 480 nm (the acid soluble lignin absorbance wavelength), the chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid concentrations in the bleaching process can be quantified. However, hypochlorous acid was not detected in the real bleaching effluent for its low content. The present method is simple, rapid, accurate, and has the potential for on-line monitoring of the chlorine dioxide bleaching process.
Novel starch solution prepared from the starch in NaOH/ thiourea/ urea aqueous solution and its application as surface sizing agent
Authors: Wang Xu-Qing , Zhou Xiao-Fan
Published: July 2023

Novel starch solutions were prepared by dissolving starch in NaOH/ thiourea/ urea aqueous solution, and they were further used as a surface sizing agent at high solids content in papermaking to improve the surface strength of papers. Two methods were adopted to dissolve the starch. In method A dry starch granules were directly added into the prepared solution. In method B a starch slurry was mixed with the prepared solution. The results revealed that method B was more effective than method A to achieve a lower viscosity of the starch solution. Dissolving temperature played an important role in dissolution of the starch. The viscosity values decreased with a decrease in the temperature of sample preparation. The starch dissolved in 4 wt% NaOH – 3 wt% urea – 3 wt% thiourea aqueous solution at -10°C were optimized to do the further application experiments. This kind of starch solution had lower viscosity and reached better viscosity-temperature stability, the viscosity was stable over a broad range of temperatures, and it also can be stored for over one month under room temperature. The surface sized papers with them had outstanding surface strength. Moreover, the prepared starch solutions were investigated by infrared spectroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscope, respectively, showing the structure of the starch solution.
Bioethanol production by Miscanthus as a lignocellulosic biomass: Focus on high efficiency conversion to glucose and ethanol
Authors: Han Minhee , Choi Gi-Wook , Kim Yule , Koo Bon-cheol
Published: July 2023

Current ethanol production processes using crops such as corn and sugar cane have been well established. However, the utilization of cheaper lignocellulosic biomass could make bioethanol more competitive with fossil fuels while avoiding the ethical concerns associated with using potential food resources. In this study, Miscanthus, a lignocellulosic biomass, was pretreated using NaOH to produce bioethanol. The pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were found to be 145.29 °C, 28.97 min, and 1.49 M for temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration, respectively. Enzymatic digestibility of pretreated Miscanthus was examined at various enzyme loadings (10 to 70 FPU/g cellulose of cellulase and 30 CbU/g of β-glucosidase). Regarding enzymatic digestibility, 50 FPU/g cellulose of cellulase and 30 CbU/g of β-glucosidase were selected as the test concentrations, resulting in a total glucose conversion rate of 83.92%. Fermentation of hydrolyzed Miscanthus using Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in an ethanol concentration of 59.20 g/L at 20% pretreated biomass loading. The results presented here constitute a significant contribution to the production of bioethanol from Miscanthus.
Particleboard and MDF panels made from a mixture of wood and pinecones: Resistance to decay fungi and termites under laboratory conditions
Authors: Köse Coşkun , Terzi Evren , Büyüksarı Ümit , Avcı Erkan , Ayrılmış Nadir , Kartal S. Nami , Imamura Yuji
Published: July 2023

Particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels were produced using stone pine (Pinus pinea) cones, which were mixed with either wood particles or fibers from pine and beech wood at various ratios. Specimens from the panels were subjected to AWPA E10-06 soil-block tests using two brown-rot fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta and two white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus for 12 weeks. Specimens were also subjected to subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus, according to the JIS K 1571 standard test method for 3 weeks. Pinecone material in the furnish had no considerable effect on the decay resistance of particleboard and MDF specimens subjected to the brown-rot fungi; however, mass losses in the specimens exposed to the white-rot fungi were gradually decreased as the pinecone ratio in the furnish increased. No increased resistance was observed in the specimens exposed to the termites. In some cases, the specimens containing pinecone furnish had greater mass losses compared to the control specimens.
Characterization of Eucalyptus grandis kraft pulps treated with phosphonates in different stages of TCF bleaching
Authors: Area Maria Cristina , Felissia Fernando E. , Carvalho M. Graca V. S. , Ferreira Paulo J. , Barboza Olga M. , Bengoechea Dora I.
Published: July 2023

The addition of a phosphonated chelant (DTPMPA) at different points of a TCF bleaching sequence and its effect on pulp properties were studied in this work. An industrial Eucalyptus grandis kraft pulp was submitted to a counter-ion exchange (Ca2+ or Na+ form) and was then bleached using DTPMPA in the washing or in the bleaching stages of two distinct sequences: OOpP and OQOpP (20 pulps). The counter-ion exchange affected fibre length, as well as the handsheets bulk and air permeability (higher for Na+-based pulps) and handsheet tensile strength, brightness, skeletal density, and total porosity based on Hg porosimetry (higher for Ca2+-based pulps). The hydrogen peroxide consumption in Op and P stages achieved the lowest values when the chelant was distributed rather than applied in a separate Q stage. The addition of chelant in the P stage provides pulps with higher ISO brightness (>85%). The chelant effects were always more noticeable in Ca2+-based pulps.
Influence of solvent treatment on mould resistance of bamboo
Authors: Sun Fangli , Zhou Yueying , Bao Binfu , Chen Anliang , Du Chungui
Published: July 2023

Bamboo timber is very vulnerable to mould fungi, a characteristic that is attributed to the rich sugar, starch, and protein present in bamboo. Solvents including cold water, hot water, benzene/ethanol, ethanol/ether, 1% NaOH, and 1% HCl can dissolve corresponding components from bamboo, which might be helpful to the resistance of bamboo against mould fungi. In order to study the relationship between surface nutrition and mildew of bamboo, mould resistances of bamboo blocks treated with different solvents were tested in the laboratory and field. Results showed that bamboo treated with cold water, hot water, benzene/ethanol or ethanol/ether had almost the same resistances with the controls against mould fungi, and the surfaces became covered with mycelium within 10 days in laboratory tests, and 5 weeks in field tests. 1% NaOH and 1% HCl were helpful to the mould resistance of bamboo, of which, 1% HCl treatments behaved the best, especially in the s.
Editorial
Authors: García Ampudia Lupe
Published: July 2023

Este año, en medio de la crisis política, donde los poderes del estado han perdido legitimidad, se han producido movilizaciones sociales en todo el país con la participación de ciudadanos indignados, postergados históricamente, la respuesta de las autoridades ha sido la represión con la consiguiente muerte de 57 personas, situación sumamente grave para la democracia y los derechos humanos.
Preliminary Reach of an Information Technology Approach to Support COVID-19 Testing in Schools
Authors: Stump Tammy K. , Wetter David W. , Kuzmenko Tatyana , Orleans Brian , Kolp Leighann , Wirth Jennifer , Del Fiol Guilherme , Chipman Jonathan , Haaland Benjamin , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Hersh Adam L. , Wu Yelena P.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES

SCALE-UP Counts tests population health management interventions to promote coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing in kindergarten through 12th-grade schools that serve populations that have been historically marginalized.

METHODS

Within 6 participating schools, we identified 3506 unique parents/guardians who served as the primary contact for at least 1 student. Participants were randomized to text messaging (TM), text messaging + health navigation (HN) (TM + HN), or usual care. Bidirectional texts provided COVID-19 symptom screening, along with guidance on obtaining and using tests as appropriate. If parents/guardians in the TM + HN group were advised to test their child but either did not test or did not respond to texts, they were called by a trained health navigator to address barriers.

RESULTS

Participating schools served a student population that was 32.9% non-white and 15.4% Hispanic, with 49.6% of students eligible to receive free lunches. Overall, 98.8% of parents/guardians had a valid cell phone, of which 3.8% opted out. Among the 2323 parents/guardians included in the intervention, 79.6% (n = 1849) were randomized to receive TM, and 19.1% (n = 354) engaged with TM (ie, responded to at least 1 message). Within the TM + HN group (40.1%, n = 932), 1.3% (n = 12) qualified for HN at least once, of which 41.7% (n = 5) talked to a health navigator.

CONCLUSIONS

TM and HN are feasible ways to reach parents/guardians of kindergarten through 12th-grade students to provide COVID-19 screening messages. Strategies to improve engagement may strengthen the impact of the intervention.
Recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Children With Disabilities and Medical Complexity
Authors: Gemmell Michael , Sherby Michael R. , Walsh Tyler J. , Kalb Luther G. , Johnson Sara B. , Coller Ryan J. , DeMuri Gregory P. , Nuthals Erin , McBride Joseph , Newland Jason G. , Gurnett Christina A.
Published: July 2023

Schools provide important services that cannot be provided virtually to children with medical complexity and children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, yet these children are among the most at risk from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To keep schools open for children with medical complexity and/or intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing at 3 sites across the United States. We evaluated testing strategies for staff and students at each site, including specimen source (nasopharyngeal or saliva), test type (polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen), and frequency and type (screening versus exposure/symptomatic) of testing provided. Among the greatest barriers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing in these schools was the engagement of caregivers and challenges navigating legal guardianship for consenting adult students. Additionally, variability in testing strategies nationally and in the community, as well as surges in viral transmission across the United States during the course of the pandemic, led to testing hesitancy and variable participation rates. Essential to the successful implementation of testing programs is building a trusted relationship with school administrators and guardians. Leveraging our experiences with COVID-19 and forming lasting school partnerships can help keep schools for vulnerable children safe in future pandemics.
School Attendance Decisions for Children With Medical Complexity During COVID-19
Authors: Coller Ryan J. , Kelly Michelle M. , Eickhoff Jens , Johnson Sara B. , Zhao Qianqian , Warner Gemma , Katz Barbara , Butteris Sabrina M. , Ehlenbach Mary L. , Koval Shawn , Howell Kristina Devi , DeMuri Gregory P.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

School attendance by children with medical complexity (CMC) may be influenced by parent perceptions of their child’s risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors of this study aimed to quantify in-person school attendance and identify attendance predictors.

METHODS

From June to August 2021, surveys were collected from English- and Spanish-speaking parents of children aged 5 to 17 years with ≥1 complex chronic condition who received care at an academic tertiary children’s hospital in the Midwestern United States and who attended school prepandemic. The outcome, in-person attendance, was defined dichotomously as any in-person attendance versus none. We evaluated parent-perceived school attendance benefits, barriers, motivation, and cues, COVID-19 severity and susceptibility using survey items derived from the health belief model (HBM). Latent HBM constructs were estimated with exploratory factor analysis. Associations between the outcome and the HBM were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression and structural equation models.

RESULTS

Among 1330 families (response rate 45%), 19% of CMC were not attending in-person school. Few demographic and clinical variables predicted school attendance. In adjusted models, family-perceived barriers, motivation, and cues predicted in-person attendance, whereas benefits, susceptibility, and severity did not. The predicted probability (95% confidence interval) of attendance ranged from 80% (70% to 87%) for high perceived barriers to 99% (95% to 99%) for low perceived barriers. Younger age (P <.01) and previous COVID-19 infection (P = .02) also predicted school attendance.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, 1 in 5 CMC did not attend school at the end of the 2020 to 2021 academic year. Family perceptions of schools’ mitigation policies and encouragement of attendance may be promising avenues to address this disparity.
In-Person Instruction and Educational Outcomes of K–8 Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Uthappa Diya M. , Pak Joyce , McGann Kathleen A. , Brookhart M. Alan , McKinzie Kaylee , Abdelbarr Mariam , Cockrell Jed , Hickerson Jesse , Armstrong Sarah , D’Agostino Emily M. , Weber David J. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Boutzoukas Angelique E. ,   ABC Science Collaborative
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES

Quantify the relationship between district policy permitting in-person instruction and educational outcomes during the 2020 to 2021 academic year for kindergarten through eighth grade students.

METHODS

An ecological, repeated cross-sectional analysis of grade-level proficiency of students enrolled in public school districts in North Carolina (n = 115 school districts) was conducted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the proportion of the school year a district spent in-person and 2020 to 2021 end-of-year student proficiency in the district. We then fit a multivariable linear regression model, weighted by district size, and adjusted for district-level 2018 to 2019 proficiency and district-level factors (rural or urban, area deprivation).

RESULTS

Compared to 2018 to 2019, there was a 12.1% decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.8–19.3) in mathematics and an 18.1% decrease (95% CI: 10.8–13.4) in reading proficiency across the state at the end of 2020 to 2021. Compared to a district that remained entirely remote for the 2020 to 2021 school year, a district offering full in-person instruction had 12% (95% CI: 11%–12.9%) and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.5%–4.8%) more students achieve grade-level proficiency in mathematics and reading, respectively. In-person instruction was associated with greater increases in mathematics proficiency than reading, and greater increases in elementary-level students’ proficiency than middle school–level.

CONCLUSIONS

The proportion of students achieving grade-level proficiency in 2020 to 2021 fell below prepandemic levels at each evaluated time point in the academic year. Increased time spent in-person by a school district was associated with an increased proportion of students achieving grade-level end-of-grade proficiency in both mathematics and reading.
Co-occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents
Authors: Kahn Nicole F. , Sequeira Gina M. , Garrison Michelle M. , Orlich Felice , Christakis Dimitri A. , Aye Tandy , Conard Lee Ann E. , Dowshen Nadia , Kazak Anne E. , Nahata Leena , Nokoff Natalie J. , Voss Raina V. , Richardson Laura P.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria (GD) frequently cooccur. However, existing research has primarily used smaller samples, limiting generalizability and the ability to assess further demographic variation. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the prevalence of cooccurring ASD and GD diagnoses among US adolescents aged 9 to 18 and (2) identify demographic differences in the prevalence of cooccurring ASD and GD diagnoses.

METHODS

This secondary analysis used data from the PEDSnet learning health system network of 8 pediatric hospital institutions. Analyses included descriptive statistics and adjusted mixed logistic regression testing for associations between ASD and GD diagnoses and interactions between ASD diagnosis and demographic characteristics in the association with GD diagnosis.

RESULTS

Among 919 898 patients, GD diagnosis was more prevalent among youth with an ASD diagnosis compared with youth without an ASD diagnosis (1.1% vs 0.6%), and adjusted regression revealed significantly greater odds of GD diagnosis among youth with an ASD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 2.72–3.31). Cooccurring ASD/GD diagnoses were more prevalent among youth whose electronic medical record-reported sex was female and those using private insurance, and less prevalent among youth of color, particularly Black and Asian youth.

CONCLUSIONS

Results indicate that youth whose electronic medical record-reported sex was female and those using private insurance are more likely, and youth of color are less likely, to have cooccurring ASD/GD diagnoses. This represents an important step toward building services and supports that reduce disparities in access to care and improve outcomes for youth with cooccurring ASD/GD and their families.
Comparativo internacional, avances en la legalización del cannabis
Authors: Wence Rodríguez Maritza Yasmín , Sánchez Alejandro Sánchez , Velasco Aulcy Lizzete
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo reseña sobre los últimos avances en materia de legalización y despenalización del cannabis en el mundo, se trata de una breve descripción de los alcances de la legalización, en distintos países de los 5 continentes, destacando su relación al manejo y su forma de uso permitidos, como son; el consumo, cultivo, venta o posesión, así como algunas de las restricciones y penas que se aplican de acuerdo con la normativa de los países enumerados en el artículo.
La contratación pública ¿Un asunto de principios?
Authors: Hidalgo Cuadra Ronald
Published: July 2023

Los principios han cumplido un papel importante en la contratación administrativa. La Ley General de Contratación Pública incorpora una serie de principios que deberán ser observados en este tema, en apoyo del ordenamiento escrito. El enunciado de estos principios puede tener varios propósitos, pero su empleo abusivo debe ser prevenido.
Resolución alterna de conflictos en modalidades de economía colaborativa de transporte de personas: Apuntes para el debate legislativo desde la perspectiva de tutela al consumidor
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Gonzalo
Published: July 2023

En el presente artículo de investigación la persona autora realiza un análisis práctico de la aplicación de resolución alterna de conflictos en modalidades de economía colaborativa en sector transporte (...)
Contribuciones metodológicas para accesibilizar patrimonio arquitectónico en Mar del Plata, Argentina
Authors: Slavin Estefanía
Published: July 2023

La accesibilidad al patrimonio arquitectónico es un derecho humano internacionalmente reconocido y, a la vez, reiteradas veces vulnerado, como sucede en Argentina. Las causas de esta situación son múltiples e incluyen falta de recursos, marcos normativos desactualizados y una formación profesional en arquitectura, particularmente, desprovista de enfoque de derechos transversal. Ante esto, la tarea de proyectar e intervenir el patrimonio en clave accesible se torna compleja e impacta sobre las personas y los bienes. Trabajar para la construcción de espacios más democráticos e igualitarios respetando los valores patrimoniales es una tarea necesaria y urgente. En este sentido, el presente artículo comparte los resultados de una investigación enfocada en la situación de los bienes protegidos a escala provincial o nacional de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, que actualmente tienen un uso público o tienen acceso de público. Se expone un sendero metodológico para afrontar las formas de accesibilizar el legado cultural de una ciudad intermedia con complejas dinámicas de cambio, en vísperas de contribuir con el desarrollo de lineamientos inclusivos, efectivos y sostenibles.
Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids and antioxidant activity from Citrus reticulata Blanco peels (Wilking mandarin)
Authors: Kadi A. , Boudries H. , Bachir-bey M. , Teffane M. , Taibi A. , Arroul Y. , Boulekbache-Makhlouf L.
Published: July 2023

A large amount of waste, especially the outer part of citrus fruits (peel), is generated after consuming the pulp and it remains unused. The valorisation of this waste by recovering its bioactive compounds seems interesting. The aim of this study was to find the optimal conditions using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) that yield the highest carotenoid content and better antioxidant activity from Citrus reticulata Blanco peels.

Response surface methodology (RSM) through Box–Behnken experimental design was used to optimise the conditions for carotenoid extraction using UAE. Hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time were selected as the main factors.

The results revealed that all independent variables affected the responses. The optimal UAE conditions for hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time were 60.76%, 36.45 °C, and 37.32 min, respectively. The values of total carotenoid content (TCC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) obtained by UAE were higher than those obtained by the maceration extraction method.

It can be concluded that the medium and extraction parameters, including hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time, significantly influenced the recovery of carotenoids and antioxidant activity. The optimisation study allowed determining the appropriate conditions to maximise both responses. Compared to conventional maceration, the UAE method was superior and more efficient for extracting carotenoids from C. reticulata Blanco peels.
Aflatoxin B1 elimination in low-grade maize by co-influence of heat and chemical treatment
Authors: Thakaew Rattananporn , Chaiklangmuang Suparin
Published: July 2023

This research investigated the optimal conditions of heat and chemical treatment for elimination of aflatoxin. NaOH showed the highest inhibition percentage (75.44%) of Aspergillus flavus growth that was isolated from lowgrade maize. Low-grade maize contaminated with A. flavus was treated with NaOH by varying three factors in three levels: NaOH concentration (0, 2.5 and 5% w/v), temperature (25, 50 and 75°C) and time (24, 48 and 72 h). Aflatoxin was removed from low-grade maize after sprinkling with 5% w/v NaOH at 50°C for 24 h that reduced aflatoxin B1 content to 4.25 µg/kg with 60.35% reduction from initial value. The use of NaOH solution with simple heat influenced the reduction in fungal contamination and elimination of aflatoxin B1.
Senate Square: Decembrists Against Decembrists
Authors: Shkerin Vladimir
Published: July 2023

This article deals with a historical paradox: the participation of former and present members of the secret Decembrist societies in suppressing the St Petersburg uprising on 14 December 1825, Decembrists against Decembrists. Thus, Colonel Vasily Perovsky, a former member of the Union of Welfare, Nicholas’s I adjutant, met Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, who arrived from Warsaw with a letter from Tsarevich Konstantin at the city outpost and then called troops loyal to the emperor to the square. Another adjutant, a member of the same Union, Colonel Alexander Kavelin, brought the young Tsarevich Alexander Nikolayevich (future Alexander II) to the Winter Palace and visited the mortally wounded Governor-General of St Petersburg Count Mikhail Miloradovich on behalf of the emperor. General Sergei Shipov, a member of the Union of Salvation and the Union of Prosperity, commanded the Guards Brigade and tried to prevent the Guards crew from joining the rebels. In a similar attempt, a member of the Union of Prosperity, Colonel Pavel Khvoshchinsky, was wounded in the Moscow Guards Regiment. That day, Alexander von Moller, colonel of the Finnish Guards Regiment, commanded the guards in the Winter Palace, the Admiralty, and the Senate. Officers-cavalry guards members of the St Petersburg branch of the Southern Society I. Annenkov, Prince A. Vyazemsky, H. Depreradovich, D. Artsybashev and a member of the Northern Society A. Muravyov, as well as a member of both secret societies cornet of the Guards Horse Regiment Prince A. Suvorov, participated in cavalry attacks on the rebels. Why and how did these people end up in the ranks of opponents of their comrades in secret societies? Can their actions be explained by something as banal as a betrayal? Did the participants in the uprising accept such an explanation? And how did Nicholas I take the revealed facts of officers’ participation in secret societies who took his side in the confrontation on 14 December? The author of the article puts forward answers to these questions.
Romanticization and Demonization: Galician Landscapes in Russian Combatants’ Narratives During the Great War
Authors: Likhacheva Alexandra
Published: July 2023

In terms of environmental history, the First World War represents one of the most significant information gaps of the Anthropocene, where the type of warfare and the fall of empires intensified the destructiveness of the interaction between people and nature, changing the geological and cultural characteristics of Central and Eastern European landscapes. The collision of mass armies with foreign landscapes and militarized natural environments left an indelible stamp on personal accounts of the Great War. The imagery of nature, both as an uncontrollable force and as an object of impact, abounds in a broad diversity of textual and visual sources, which range from official documentation to private correspondence and from propaganda newsreels to personal photographs. It appears that pictures of landscapes destroyed or transformed by war (as well as the related epidemiological and climatic threats) contributed to shaping combatants’ existential experience to the same degree as short military operations. Unlike the universalized experience of the Western Front countries in the available literature on the environmental and spatial history of the First World War, the multiple ways in which mobile belligerent landscapes of the Eastern Front were experienced and perceived are yet to be addressed documentarily as well as methodologically. The article aims to reconstruct the horizons of expectation and environment construction strategies in combatants’ individual narratives and to identify the meaning of belligerent landscapes in the formation of specific behavioral strategies and practices on the Eastern Front of the world’s first industrial war. The analysis of ego-documents (letters, diaries, and memoirs) left by participants of WWI has identified a diversity of models for anthropomorphizing environmental objects and phenomena on the Eastern Front, which range from romanticization to demonization. The author aims to establish the way the perception of belligerent landscapes depends on the cultural baggage, prior experience of warfare, military branch, and the density of contacts with civilians populating the militarized spaces. One of the key messages of this study is the suggestion that the militarised environment’s signification through religious, literary, epidemiological anti-Semitic and other lenses contributed to the normalization of combatants’ mortal terror of war, their negative military experience, mourning, and nostalgia for the lost life-worlds.
An Old Believer before the Schism: A New 17th-Century Document on Elder Kapiton
Authors: Lavrov Aleksander , Morokhin Alexey
Published: July 2023

In the 1960s–1970s, researchers focused on the figure of elder Kapiton when V. S. Shulgin and S. A. Zenkovsky simultaneously became interested in him. As a result, the image of an ascetic and charismatic leader formed, uniting small communities of followers around him. Of particular interest was the fact that Kapiton seemed to show some skepticism about some church practices before Patriarch Nikon’s liturgical reform. Thus, he appeared to be an “Old Believer” before the Raskol. While most of the documents about Kapiton’s activities rely on the testimonies of his opponents, the petition found in the State Archive of Vologda Region provides an exceptional opportunity to understand how his supporters perceived the elder. The petition shows that the monastery founded by Kapiton was divided into two opposing camps, the reconciliation between which was impossible. The sources created in these conditions deserve a particularly critical approach, so it is difficult to restore the ideas and practices characteristic of Kapiton on their basis.