bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence du numérique sur la coordination entre acteurs dans les filières pastorales au Sénégal
Authors: Sow Anna-Prisca , Ba Baba , Ferrari Serena , Cesaro Jean-Daniel
Published: June 2024

Les filières pastorales au Sénégal connaissent ces dernières années l’émergence de nouvelles formes de circulation d’information et de coordination basées sur l’utilisation du numérique. Les acteurs de ces filières, déjà équipés de téléphones mobiles depuis le début du XXIe siècle, commencent à utiliser le smartphone et ses fonctionnalités : vocaux, transferts d’images et de vidéo au sein de groupes de discussion, transferts d’argents. Ces usages répondent à des besoins spécifiques des systèmes pastoraux notamment liés à la mobilité des troupeaux et l’éloignement des acteurs. Cette transition technologique des filières pastorales intéresse de nombreux acteurs institutionnels (États, organisations de la société civile, entreprises) désireux de mieux contrôler cette économie ou de développer des relations commerciales avec les pasteurs. Ces pratiques semblent avoir le potentiel de mieux lier l’offre et la demande. Toutefois, l’adoption de ces nouvelles technologies numériques reste le fait d’un nombre restreint d’acteurs, majoritairement urbains ou intermédiaires, créant potentiellement une fracture entre des éleveurs très connectés et d’autres qui le sont moins.
Trajectoire technologique des outils numériques pour la fertilisation azotée en France : complexité des modes de conception et de distribution
Authors: Bechtet Noémie , Labarthe Pierre
Published: June 2024

Cet article décrit la trajectoire technologique des Outils numériques d’aide à la décision (OADn) pour les agriculteurs en France, à partir du cas de la fertilisation azotée. Il s’appuie sur l’analyse de deux corpus d’entretiens auprès de concepteurs et diffuseurs d’OADn, menés à douze ans d’intervalle. Trois faits saillants émergent : i) le rôle historique des politiques publiques (environnementales et aérospatiales) dans la trajectoire des OADn ; ii) la diversité des acteurs (et de leurs motivations) qui investissent dans les OADn ; iii) la complexité de leurs stratégies d’intégration et de partenariat. Cette situation appelle à de nouvelles recherches sur les acteurs de l’écosystème d’innovation agricole et leur capacité à produire des connaissances sur l’efficacité des technologies numériques.
Dive Into Metaverse
Authors: Neves Joana Raquel , Bacalhau Lara Mendes
Published: June 2024

The ever-changing environment of the Metaverse claim for a study that leads to a captivating journey for readers of this chapter in which the current condition of this digital space is explained, its historical roots and evolution up to the present day, the novel prospects it offers and the revolutionary forces advancing its virtual worlds that leads to the transformative potential of this digital frontier. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this research clarifies the Metaverse by examining its fundamental elements and supporting technologies and highlighting important challenges that deserve further research. It thoroughly examines and investigates several aspects of this new paradigm in detail, providing a spotlight on everything from the functioning of virtual markets to the nuances of digital identities. The purpose of this chapter is to serve scholars, business professionals, and enthusiasts alike, a set of guidelines for a deep understanding of the current Metaverse environment and predicting its bright future highlighting its boundless opportunities.
Historical Context and Evolution of Metaverse
Authors: Sharma Meenu , Saikia Arpee
Published: June 2024

The use of the metaverse in various periods is explained, including its use in novels and movies, video games, social media, industries, businesses, and headsets. This chapter is divided in to five sections: section one provides the introduction, literature review and ancient concept of metaverse; section two explains the use of term metaverse and historical context and evolution of metaverse; section three is related with use of metaverse in different sectors/fields: movies, novels, gaming, education, industry, retail, architecture, medical care and social media; section four provides a insight into prolific ways in which the metaverse was used during the Covid-19 pandemic times with special reference to the financial sector; section five describe managerial or practical applications and future research directions for the use of metaverse.
Human Resource Management in the Metaverse Era
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Sohal Anu
Published: June 2024

The advent of the metaverse offers human resource management both new opportunities and challenges as digital technologies continue to progress. To examine the state of HRM research in the metaverse era and pinpoint significant themes and gaps in the body of literature, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis. The authors examine the distribution of articles, authors, journals, and keywords associated with HRM in the context of the metaverse through a methodical examination of scholarly publications from the Scopus database. This research indicates an increasing amount of interest in this field, with studies concentrating on digital leadership, people management, remote work, and virtual collaboration. The authors offer a research agenda for the future to fill in these knowledge gaps and improve comprehension of HRM in the metaverse era. This study adds to the expanding corpus of research on HRM in digital contexts and offers insightful guidance on how to navigate the potential and difficulties presented by the metaverse for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers.
From Clicks to Virtual Realms
Authors: Sharma Animesh Kumar , Sharma Rahul , Verma Rajesh
Published: June 2024

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) model to explore the convergence of e-commerce, customer experience, and virtual environments in the evolving metaverse. Utilizing Scopus database data from 2010 to 2023, this research aims to map the trends, patterns, and emerging themes surrounding augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and immersive technologies, shaping consumer behaviour within virtual realms. Initial screening resulted in a substantial corpus of scholarly articles, conference papers, and reviews. Moreover, utilizing visualization tools like VOSviewer, this study provides insightful graphical representations, revealing clusters and connections among keywords, and offering a deeper understanding of the interdisciplinary nature of Metaverse in e-commerce. The analysis focuses on quantifying publication trends, identifying influential authors, institutions, and countries, and mapping key themes and connections within the domain. The analysis encompasses a range of bibliometric indicators, including publication trends, prolific authors, influential journals, and co-occurrence networks of keywords It investigates how virtual environments affect purchasing decisions, brand interactions, and loyalty-building strategies, emphasizing personalized experiences, social interactions, and gamification. The analysis also uncovers emerging research trends and gaps, suggesting avenues for further exploration, including the integration of artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and spatial computing in enhancing e-commerce in virtual spaces. This research contributes to understanding the impact of the metaverse on e-commerce, customer experience, and engagement, providing valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers navigating this dynamic field.
Metaverse
Authors: Swami Pooja
Published: June 2024

The concept of the metaverse is not new, as it dates back to 1992, but it is an interesting area that is receiving increased attention from researchers and marketers. This chapter provides insight into how the emerging virtual world of the metaverse is significantly enhancing the user experience in the gaming and entertainment industries by leveraging the latest technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, NFT, and others. This chapter aims to provide insight into the current developments in metaverse entertainment and gaming applications and how they will affect our user experience in the future. The approach used in this study is based on a comprehensive literature review on the subject of metaverse applications and their potential future in the gaming and entertainment industries. This chapter also discusses the various opportunities for the metaverse in the near future, as well as the challenges involved with it, such as privacy, security, and inclusivity.
Navigating the Metaverse
Authors: Pabla Harleen , Soch Harmeen
Published: June 2024

Delving into the dynamic intersections of augmented reality, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and spatial computing, this chapter offers strategic insights for brands seeking to establish a meaningful presence. From the evolution of brands in virtual environments to future trends, technological predictions and challenges, this chapter acts as a strategic roadmap. It addresses the needs of academic researchers, students, executives, and practitioners by synthesizing current research, offering practical applications, and proposing solutions. The chapter bridges the gap between theory and application, fostering a deeper understanding of the metaverse's impact on marketing, branding, and innovation. Aiming to be a valuable resource, the chapter equips a diverse audience with insights into the evolving metaverse landscape, providing a foundation for academic exploration and practical application.
Navigating the Metaverse in Business and Commerce
Authors: Shukla Pooja , Taneja Bhavna
Published: June 2024

Trade and consumer interactions with goods and services could be drastically changed by the convergence of the metaverse and commerce. Blockchain technology is used in the metaverse to facilitate the production, ownership, and exchange of virtual products and digital assets. This opens up new business opportunities and includes digital stuff such as in-game items, digital art, virtual real estate, and other digital goods. The idea of ” Metaverse” and the role played by Metaverse in business and commerce are intended to be explained in this chapter. The chapter aims to address the genesis, requirements, advantages, opportunities and challenges in the area of Metaverse . It also intends to highlight the ethical considerations and the actions necessary to make the associated practices robust, viable, and effective.
Transformation of Marketing Strategy by Metaverse in the Hospitality Industry Facing Crisis
Authors: Jamader Asik Rahaman , Dasgupta Santanu , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: June 2024

The hospitality industry is one of the largest manpower-driven industries and hence generates huge employment. Strategies evolved and applied till 2019 transformed greatly facing the crisis in 2020 to cope with the prevailing circumstances for sustenance. The use of technology came greatly into effect on the Metaverse. Hence a drastic change has taken place in hospitality marketing strategy using the Tourism Marketing Union Model (TMUM). People are becoming more and more technophiles, and desire to have as much data as possible before starting the tour hoping for a hindrance-free, comfortable, and enjoyable expedition. Therefore, a complete transformation occurred in every phase of the industry, especially in the marketing sector. Cost reduction and Time-saving became the aims of new strategies and for that, Metaverse Marketing Technology (MMT), influencer marketing, and targeting the right audience through Metaverse Visual Marketing are extensively used by marketers.
Unlocking the Potentials and Constraints of Metaverse Implementation in Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Imtiaz , Jamadar Yasmin , Momo Nurunnesa Begum , Hafiz Nusrat , Saiba Rufaida Nurain
Published: June 2024

This research investigates the potentials and constraints of metaverse technology within Malaysian manufacturing companies underpinned by the technology-organization-environment (TOE) theory. Firm size, firm age, annual revenue, and ownership structure were control variables. 240 questionnaire responses from Malaysian firms collected through convenience sampling techniques and analyzed by Smart-PLS software. The findings reveal technological limitations, poor diffusion through the network, lack of collaboration, and low perception of value by customers are significant constraints for the failure of metaverse technology implementation. The control variables did not evidence any impact on implementation. This study provides insights to metaverse technology developers and manufacturing practitioners besides theoretical contributions.
Unleashing the Power of Research, Innovation, and Industry Impacts
Authors: Kumar Paramjeet
Published: June 2024

The notion of the metaverse has garnered substantial attention in recent years, captivating the imagination and piquing the interest of researchers, inventors, and industry executives alike. This chapter, “Unleashing the Power of Research, Innovation, and Industry Impacts: Exploring the Transformative Role of the Metaverse in Business and Commerce,” seeks to investigate the potential of the metaverse and its impact on several facets of business and commerce. This proposal aims to examine the present patterns in metaverse research, which are influenced by applications that exploit the merging of interdisciplinary technologies. The advancement of developing technologies presents diverse prospects for the use of the metaverse in the realms of industry and commerce.
Metaverse Metamorphosis
Authors: Arora Manpreet
Published: June 2024

The incorporation of the metaverse into the world of business has brought about a significant and fundamental change, altering conventional frameworks and methods while presenting unparalleled prospects for expansion and creativity. This chapter examines the significant influence of the transformation of the metaverse on the worldwide economy, emphasising its ability to generate fresh prospects for work, labour, and employment. In addition, an attempt has been made to explore the economic consequences of the metaverse, encompassing the emergence of fresh sectors, markets, and sources of income, as well as the promotion of economic expansion and employment generation. This chapter examines the impact of the metaverse on economic development, innovation, and quality of life globally, highlighting its revolutionary capabilities. Furthermore, the author explores the significance of closing the divide between research discoveries and industrial implementations, highlighting the necessity of cooperation and information sharing to convert academic discoveries into tangible advancements that have a tangible effect on the real world. This chapter examines the impact of the metaverse on economic development, innovation, and quality of life globally.
New Theoretical Paradigms in Cognitive Psychology
Authors: Bhambri Pankaj , Khang Alex
Published: June 2024

This chapter initiates an investigation into contemporary theories that are significantly influencing the field of cognitive psychology research. The discipline of cognitive psychology is currently experiencing a significant transition in its paradigm, which is being propelled by developments in neuroscience, technology, and multidisciplinary collaboration. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of newly developed theoretical frameworks that question conventional viewpoints, presenting novel perspectives on cognitive processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving. This article seeks to offer a complete review of the emerging theoretical paradigms that are defining the future of cognitive psychology, encompassing the integration of neuroscientific findings and the impact of cultural variables on cognitive phenomena. As we explore these intricate theories, our aim is to motivate academics, researchers, and professionals to actively participate in and enhance the ongoing dialogue within the dynamic field of cognitive psychology research.
The Need for Emotional Intelligence in Human-Computer Interactions
Authors: Goswami Sachinkumar Anandpal , Dave Saurabh , Patel Kashyapkumar Chaitanyakumar
Published: June 2024

This study explores the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in human-computer interactions (HCI) and its potential to improve user experience and engagement. EI, which involves the interaction between cognitive and emotional capabilities, is often overlooked in traditional HCI models. The study uses user studies, case studies, and literature reviews to understand EI's impact on HCI and its future. The goal is to provide valuable insights into the ever-changing world of technology and human interactions, highlighting the importance of EI in enhancing user experiences.
Enhancing Human-Computer Interaction Through Vision-Based Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Margaret T. A. Swetha , Devi D. Renuka
Published: June 2024

This study addresses the growing significance of hand gesture recognition systems in fostering efficient human-computer interaction. Despite their versatility, existing visual systems encounter challenges in diverse environments due to lighting and background complexities. With rapid advancements in computer vision, the demand for robust human-machine interaction intensifies. Hand gestures, as expressive conveyors of information, find applications in various domains, including robot control and intelligent furniture. To overcome limitations, the authors propose a vision-based approach leveraging OpenCV and Keras to construct a hand gesture prediction model. This dataset is comprehensive, encompassing all requisite gestures for optimal system performance. The chapter demonstrates the precision and accuracy of the proposed model through validation, showcasing its potential in real-world applications. This research contributes to the broader landscape of enhancing human-computer interaction through accessible and reliable hand gesture recognition systems.
Performance Enhancement of Speech Recognition by Using Machine Learning Techniques Specifically GAN-AE Algorithm
Authors: Diwakar Mandar Pramod , Gupta Brijendra Parasnath
Published: June 2024

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are not very likely to have a significant role in the synthesis of speech features, thus not allowing for the creation of highly genuine representations that enhance the diversity within training datasets. Simultaneously, autoencoders (AE) serve to differentiate between genuine and synthetic speech features, while also extracting valuable insights from both domains. This symbiotic relationship between GANs and AE greatly enhances the model's ability to decode intricate patterns in speech, thereby fostering adaptability in real-world scenarios. The combination of GANs and AE in speech recognition systems transcends previous limitations, resulting in improved accuracy and reliability across a wide range of applications. Nonetheless, the fragmented nature of current approaches poses a hindrance to the progress of speech recognition boundaries, falling short of revolutionizing human-computer interaction paradigms.
Complex Face Emotion Recognition Using Computer Vision and Machine Learning
Authors: Talele Milind , Jain Rajashree , Mapari Shrikant
Published: June 2024

Facial expressions represent the changes on a person's face that reflect their inner emotional state, intentions, and communication. They serve as the most effective and quick or immediate means for humans to convey their emotions and express their intentions naturally and without words with the help of nonverbal communication. Facial emotion recognition (FER) is needed in numerous applications like scientific, medical science, investment, and market research. Emotion recognition has captivated numerous researchers in this field, drawing their interest across various know-hows such as IoT, AI with ML, and electronic sensors. Facial expression as input helps machine to identify emotions. Machines are somewhat capable of understanding basic human emotions; however, complex emotion recognition is still novice. The correctness of emotion prediction and use of the correct algorithms is still evolving in complex facial emotion detection. This chapter comprehensively explores methods for complex facial emotion recognition, utilizing computer vision and machine learning algorithms.
Sarcasm Detection
Authors: Pokhriyal Himani , Jain Goonjan
Published: June 2024

Sarcasm is a procedure of verbal irony that is planned to convey ridicule, contempt, or mockery. Because sarcasm can change a statement's meaning, the viewpoint analysis procedure is susceptible to mistakes. Sarcastic remarks simply have reduced the effectiveness of sentiment estimation, according to the prior study. This chapter uses the unsupervised mathematical optimisation-based language model to create a sarcasm recognition system between human-computer interactions. The proposed model is mostly focused on sarcasm detection and misconception comments circulating on social networks. The first level of data preparation is in the described proposed strategy. The ensemble language modelling with the Wilson's algorithm is used to identify and categorise sarcasm which enhances its detection performance. The four datasets were created to perform the experimental findings of the proposed methodology. The results highlighted enhanced outcomes by proposed method.
Thriving Together
Authors: Dixit DrAnurag , Vats Siddharth , Anjum Rabab
Published: June 2024

The convergence of artificial intelligence and human ingenuity has given rise to an unprecedented class of interconnected systems characterized by their remarkable capacity to endure adversity and adapt to changing conditions. An expanding number of industries, including manufacturing, logistics, finance, and healthcare, are being penetrated by these systems; consequently, our technological and operational interactions are being transformed. Its primary objective is to fortify systems in order to endure the inevitable disruptions and uncertainties that are intrinsic to our constantly evolving world. This chapter explores the intricacies of resilience engineering in symbiotic human-AI systems, clarifying fundamental strategies and principles that empower these systems to endure unforeseen obstacles and maintain stability amidst chaos. The objective of this research is to examine the capacity of AI to augment human capabilities, thereby enabling the creation of mutually advantageous systems that exceed traditional limitations and achieve remarkable levels of durability and performance.
COBOTS
Authors: Saseekala M. , SarlinRaj M. , Anu P.
Published: June 2024

The term COBOT refers to “collaborative robot,” which is created by combining humans and robots to increase the efficacy and efficiency of industrial processes. Cobots have extensive applications in various sectors, including healthcare, motoring, production, electronics, space exploration, logistics, and astronomy. Industry 5.0 is a development that aims to combine human specialists' creativity with accurate, intelligent, and efficient technologies to revolutionize manufacturing processes worldwide. Therefore, in the age of Industry 5.0, there is a great demand for Cobots with high, quick advancement, and low costs. Industry evolution, fundamentals of Cobots, how they differ from robots, key features, basic components, the significant role of Cobots in Industry 5.0, challenges and limitations, future scope, and ethical aspects of Cobots are covered in this chapter. This book chapter is a comprehensive manual for academic researchers and corporate executives to learn about Cobots completely.
Practice-Based Views on Key Success Elements in University-Industry Collaborative Activities
Authors: Tereshchenko Elizaveta , Phang Swee King , García Alcaraz Jorge L. , Happonen Ari
Published: June 2024

Research on university – industry collaboration ideologies, operations and activities for improvement of effective cooperation in industry 4.0 era. Utilizing over 65 years of experience on effective collaboration, inc. advisory notes, experiences, proven models, industry case studies and collaborators' recommendations for rich, long and successful partnerships. A five step model for cooperation is proposed: goal setting, key stakeholder analysis, legal framework definition for interaction, best practice experience analysis, and goal readjustment. Model facilitates effective interactions to achieve the set goals by adequately focusing on main issues. We contribute to the proper collaboration approaches discussions, allowing good outcome UIC. Academics and practitioners should seek specific signs, activities & outputs to avoid near term challenges in changing world. Virtual environments and metaverse collaboration are suggested to be considered as next level UIC platforms and future research is in need of extended range of interactions and novel new long-term cooperation model studies.
An infant with acral peeling of skin: A curious case of congenital syphilis
Authors: Shahid Rashid , Pradhan Swetalina , Dash Gaurav
Published: June 2024

Congenital syphilis (CS) is a vertically transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is seen rarely due to proper antenatal screening. Signs and symptoms appear within the first 2 years of life in early CS and after 2 years in late CS. Failure to diagnose and treat CS in its early stages can result in higher morbidity and mortality. Skin manifestations can guide toward the diagnosis of CS at an early stage. Here, we report a 2-day-old neonate who presented with acral peeling of skin along with respiratory distress and hepatosplenomegaly. Clinical suspicion of CS was made and subsequently confirmed by a positive venereal disease research laboratory test in both mother and child. The child was treated with aqueous crystalline penicillin G as per the CDC guidelines.
A cross-sectional study of noninfectious – nonvenereal genital dermatoses among adult males at tertiary care hospital in South Gujarat
Authors: Parmar Brijesh Vinubhai , Tandel Hardik
Published: June 2024

Background:

A number of dermatoses affect the genitalia in a unique and distinct manner. Nonvenereal dermatoses may not be restricted to genitalia alone; it may affect other body sites and mucous membranes as well. Dermatoses involving genital areas are not necessarily sexually transmitted. Skin lesions of the genitalia may be physiological, venereal, or nonvenereal in origin. Studies on genital dermatoses of only nonvenereal and noninfectious origin among adults are not commonly documented in India.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical pattern and frequency of noninfectious nonvenereal genital dermatoses.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 261 patients with noninfectious nonvenereal genital dermatoses attending tertiary care hospital were enrolled from August 2019–July 2020. Cases of more than 18 years of age who had given informed valid consent were included in the study, whereas venereal or infectious dermatoses were excluded from this study. The diagnosis was established based on a detailed history, examination, biopsy, and relevant investigations. Data collection was done using predesigned pro forma, and analysis was perfomed using MS Excel.

Results:

Maximum participants were middle aged with a mean age of 43.38 ± 9.45 years. The most common nonvenereal genital dermatoses were vitiligo (23.37%), followed by physiological conditions (19%–92%), papulosquamous dermatosis (18.77%), lichen simplex chronicus (16.48%), premalignant conditions (6.51%), vesiculobullous conditions and benign conditions (4.98%) each, adverse cutaneous drug reactions (4.21%), and malignant conditions (0.77%). About 78.54% of participants had dermatosis over genitalia only. Focal vitiligo was the most common dermatosis involving only genitalia.

Conclusions:

This study is novel as participants enrolled only of noninfectious, nonvenereal genital dermatoses among males.
Effect of ultrasonic and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation protocol on dual-species root canal biofilm removal: An in vitro study
Authors: Datla Venkata Divya Durga , Uppalapati Lakshman Varma , Pilli Hema Prakash Kumari , Mandava Jyothi , Kantheti Sirisha , Komireddy Sri Naagaja Krishnaveni , Chandolu Vedamani
Published: June 2024

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate the disinfecting efficacy of a standardized irrigating solution activated by ultrasonics or laser irradiation on mature dual-species biofilms at different root levels in vitro.

Materials and Methods:

Conventional access cavity preparations were done on 160 single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth with single canals. Freshly extracted oral microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans after biochemical confirmation were used to generate two discrete dual-species microbial inoculums. The sterilized tooth samples were randomly segregated into two groups (n = 80) and inoculated with a mixed inoculum of S. aureus + E. faecalis strains (Group 1) and S. mutans + C. albicans strains (Group 2), respectively. Following the 21-day incubation period under aerobic conditions, the infected specimens in each group were divided into four subgroups (n = 20) and subjected to experimental treatment protocols. This included a positive control (no treatment of biofilms), syringe irrigation alone with TruNatomy needle, passive ultrasonically activated irrigation with 20# Irrisafe tip, and laser agitation of irrigant with Er,Cr:YSGG laser using RFT 2 laser tip. Root canals of experimental specimens (except the control samples) are instrumented with TruNatomy rotary file system using 1:1 mixture of 3% NaOCl and 18% etidronic acid as irrigants. The quantitative assessment of reduction in viable biofilm microbes after treatment was done using colony-forming unit counts and confocal laser scanning microscopy image analysis. The obtained data were analyzed statistically with a significant level set at 0.05.

Results:

Laser-assisted irrigation has shown a considerably higher mean percentage reduction of microbes compared to ultrasonic agitation and the syringe irrigation showed the least microbial reduction (P = 0.001). No significant difference was noted between the three root regions of ultrasonic and laser groups (P > 0.05), whereas in the syringe groups, apical portions showed higher microbial counts compared to cervical and mid-root regions (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Erbium laser-assisted irrigation has performed superior to ultrasonic agitation against both the experimental dual-species biofilms, while the syringe irrigation showed the least microbial reduction specifically at apical root portions.
Enamel hypoplasia with nonsyndromic oligodontia: A rare case report
Authors: Pracheth T. V. , Vedavathi B. , Ranjini M. A. , Mazumdar Payel
Published: June 2024

Enamel hypoplasia is an exclusive ectodermal disturbance, related to alterations in the organic enamel matrix which can cause white flecks, narrow horizontal bands, lines of pits, grooves, and discoloration of the teeth. It can result in compromised oral health that causes physiological and psychological disturbances. Management of enamel hypoplasia not only includes esthetic and functional rehabilitation of the patient but also requires a positive rapport building with the patient due to psychosocial issues. The present case reports elucidate step-by-step management of 16-year-old female patient who presented with localized enamel hypoplasia with severely decayed anterior teeth, poor dental esthetics, and oligodontia of the lower teeth.
Evaluation of postoperative pain in endodontic retreatment with apical periodontitis using ozonated 2% chlorhexidine and 0.1% octenidine application: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sinha Nidhi , Asthana Geeta , Parmar Girish , Langaliya Akshayraj , Shah Jinali , Singh Bijay
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed to evaluate and compare postoperative pain (PP) in single-visit nonsurgical endodontic retreatment (SV NSER) with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.1% octenidine (OCT) with or without ozone, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).

Materials and Methods:

In this randomized, parallel, prospective, double-blind, clinical trial, 132 single-rooted, root-filled teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) requiring NSER were allocated into six groups randomly (n = 22/group): 2% CHX with NaOCl (CHXH), 2% Ozonated CHX without NaOCl (OCHX), 2% Ozonated CHX with NaOCl (OCHXH), 0.1% OCT with NaOCl (OCTH), 0.1% Ozonated OCT without NaOCl (OOCT), and 0.1% Ozonated OCT with NaOCl (OOCTH). Standard NSER protocol was followed groups were irrigated with 15 ml of ozonated or nonozonated irrigant (CHX/OCT) for 3–5 min with ultrasonic agitation. PP at baseline, after 6, 12, 24, 48 h, and 7 days was recorded using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Logistic regression of predictor variables was compared using the Chi-square test. For group-wise and time-wise comparisons, a two-way analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test was carried out.

Results:

None of the patient-related variables in logistic regression obtained a statistically significant (P > 0.05) role in PP. The VAS score after 6 h was OCHX (4.72) > OOCT (4.42) > CHXH (4.23) > OCTH (3.95) > OCHXH (3.42) > OOCTH (3.21). OOCTH and OCHXH groups demonstrated statistically significant reductions in VAS scores at various time intervals (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

SV NSER with ozonated OCT, CHX irrigation, and NaOCl resulted in lesser PP at all time intervals, i.e., 6, 12, 24, 48 h, and 7 days in patients with symptomatic AP.
Data-driven dentistry: Computational revelations redefining pulp capping
Authors: Kumar N. Kiran , Geervani V. Swetha , Kumar R. S. Mohan , Singh Shishir , Abhishek M. , Manimozhi M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Pulpal and periradicular diseases stem from immune reactions to microbiota, causing inflammation. Limited blood supply hampers dental pulp self-healing. Managing inflammation involves eliminating bacteria and reducing pro-inflammatory mediators especially MMP-9, which has a significant correlation with pulpitis. s. Flavonoids like Hesperidin, Baicalein, Epigallocatechin gallate, Genistein, Icariin, and Quercetin show potential for pulp capping.

Aim:

This in-silico study compares various Flavonoids for their anti-inflammatory effects on MMP-9, with Chlorhexidine as a control, a known MMP-9 inhibitor.

Materials and Methods:

Protein and Ligand Preparation: The human MMP-9 catalytic domain (PDB ID: 4XCT) structure was retrieved, and necessary modifications were made. Flavonoids from PubChem database were prepared for docking using AutoDock Vina. A grid for docking was created, and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted using Gromacs-2019.4 with GROMOS96 force field. Trajectory analysis was performed, and MM-PBSA calculation determined binding free energies.

Results:

Analysis of MMP-9 and ligand interactions revealed Hesperidin’s high binding affinity, forming numerous hydrogen bonds with specific amino acids. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stability, with RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA indicating consistent complex behaviour over 100 ns. MM-PBSA calculation affirmed favourable energy contributions in MMP-9-Hesperidin interactions.

Conclusion:

MMP-9 plays a crucial role in prognosis of pulpitis. Incorporating MMP-9 inhibitors into pulp capping agents may enhance therapeutic efficacy. Hesperidin emerges as a potent MMP-9 inhibitor, warranting further in vivo validation against other agents.
A new horizon for neuroscience: terahertz biotechnology in brain research
Authors: Pu Zhengping , Wu Yu , Zhu Zhongjie , Zhao Hongwei , Cui Donghong
Published: June 2024

Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences. In this article, we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry. Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease, cerebrovascular disease, glioma, psychiatric disease, traumatic brain injury, and myelin deficit. In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases. Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood, the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications. This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology, cognition, and behavior in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Li Tian , Miao Jie , Zhang Zhina , Yang Mingxuan , Wang Zhuoran , Yang Bo , Zhang Jiawei , Li Haiting , Su Qiang , Guo Junhong
Published: June 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00030/figure1/v/2024-11-07T113602Z/r/image-tiff

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5) expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. However, the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as the underlying mechanism. We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease (Aβ1
–
42–treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells), as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model. Additionally, injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits. Interestingly, increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-β in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B. Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.
Treatment of spinal cord injury with biomaterials and stem cell therapy in non-human primates and humans
Authors: Olaya Ana Milena Silva , Almeida Fernanda Martins , Martinez Ana Maria Blanco , Marques Suelen Adriani
Published: June 2024

Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions, which almost always produces permanent physical disability. Thus, in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years, which are not entirely efficient, researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach, seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord injury. Each of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and, consequently, boosting functional recovery. Although the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents, there is increasing recognition of the importance, and need, of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in humans. This article is a literature review from databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, Cochrane, and NCBI) from 10 years ago to date, using keywords (spinal cord injury, cell therapy, non-human primates, humans, and bioengineering in spinal cord injury). From 110 retrieved articles, after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were analyzed. Thus, this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans, aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.
Antibiotic usage within cesarean section procedures in resourced-limited Kenya: A study of 23 facilities
Authors: Hinson Chandler Sasser , Sawyer Robert G.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

In Kenyan cesarean sections (CS), antibiotics play a crucial role in preventing surgical site infections. In Kenya, where maternal health care is a pivotal public health concern, understanding the efficacy and appropriateness of antibiotic prophylaxis in CS is crucial. This study seeks to address this gap by understanding antibiotic prophylaxis practices and the classes of antibiotics utilized for prophylaxis during CS in Kenya.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional survey on infection prevention and control (IPC) practices by adapting the World Health Organization (WHO) IPC assessment framework. One component of this survey included questions on antibiotic prophylaxis for CS. Purposive sampling was used to identify 23 hospitals across seven districts in Kenya that provided CS.

Results:

All 23 facilities used a form of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. Preoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis was used by 78.2%, and postoperative prophylaxis was universal. The mean duration of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was 3.87 days. Ceftriaxone (91.3%), metronidazole (82.6%), and gentamicin (26.1%) were the most common systemic antibiotics. In addition, 91.3% administered oral antibiotics postoperatively, with a mean duration of 5.6 days. Predominant oral antibiotics included metronidazole (82.6%), amoxicillin–clavulanate (60.9%), and ceftriaxone (13.0%).

Conclusion:

The antibiotic practices utilized within the Kenya setting do not follow either the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) or WHO recommendations. Both organizations recommend pre-CS administration of a first-generation cephalosporin 60 min before incision. This class of antibiotics is not used at any of the study sites. In addition, all of the study sites provide postantibiotic prophylaxis, which is not recommended by either ACOG or WHO for prophylaxis.
Cell death pathways in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Guo Kai , Yin Jimin , Cui Haodong
Published: June 2024

Intestinal inflammatory disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In recent years, its incidence has been increasing, but there is still no breakthrough in its treatment. Cell death was divided into programmed and nonprogrammed cell death (PCD). PCD mainly includes ferroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy, while non-PCD refers to necrosis. Increasing evidence shows that PCD, such as ferroptosis and autophagy, plays an important regulatory role in intestinal diseases, which may be involved in the occurrence and progression of IBD and can be used as a therapeutic target for the disease. This article reviews recent studies on ferroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy associated with IBD, combs the regulatory mechanisms of PCD in IBD, and summarizes the corresponding therapeutic drugs and new materials, aiming to provide new directions and treatments for IBD research.
Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and outcomes of intra-abdominal infections in China (PRIME): Protocol of a multicenter, prospective, observational study
Authors: Tian Sai , Li Jiayang , Wang Jiajie , Wu Wenqi , Zhou Zhitao , Wu Meilin , Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are a common cause of inpatient morbidity and poor clinical outcomes. Currently, epidemiological studies on IAIs are scarce and generally limited to single-center reports or regional initiatives in China. There is still a lack of epidemiological data on patients with IAIs. This study aims to provide an up-to-date investigation of the epidemiologic characteristics, microbiology, antibiotic treatments, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with IAIs in China, and to provide guidelines for clinical practice.

Subjects and Methods:

The PRIME study is a multicenter, prospective, observational study, which is conducted in 44 hospitals in China. The study is estimated to include 2250 eligible adult patients diagnosed with IAIs. Data including demographics, severity of disease expression, and microbiological data are collected by trained physicians at each center through a designed electronic data capture system. In addition, the application of antimicrobial therapy and source control, organ support, and clinical outcomes are also recorded. The primary outcome is 28-day mortality. Logistic regression analysis will be used to assess the potential risk factors for mortality. The study is designed to be carried out from November 2023 to November 2024.

Results:

The main demographics and clinical characteristics of all patients will be summarized. The spectrum and antimicrobial resistance information of pathogenic bacteria in patients with IAIs will be reported. The study will also compare differences in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in different regions of China. Treatments against IAI, including infection source control and the application of antimicrobial agents, will be recorded and analyzed. The calculation of 28-day mortality rate and the assessment of risk factors for mortality will be conducted.

Discussion:

By conducting this multicenter observational study, we hope to provide first-hand data on the epidemiologic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and outcomes and the latest epidemiological insights of patients with IAIs in China.

Conclusions:

This multicenter observational study will provide the latest epidemiological insights of patients with IAIs in China.
Metaphorical Thinking of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Features
Authors: Shi Yong , Yue Feng
Published: June 2024

Objective:

This study focuses on the cognitive mechanism for combining Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories with conceptual metaphorical theories and analyzes how TCM explains its theories through metaphor.

Materials and Methods:

Metaphorical thinking of TCM (MTT) is explicitly defined as a proper integration of many key concepts in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine, such as “correspondence between man and the universe,” “Yin-Yang and five-phase doctrines,” “Xiang-based analogy and categorization,” “syndrome differentiation and treatment,” “theory of visceral manifestation,” and “six climate exopathogens and seven emotions.”

Results:

Three essential features of MTT are proposed: double mapping structures, including simple and categorization styles; double thinking centers, including entity-based and process-based thinking patterns; and double operational functions, including descriptive and inferential functions.

Conclusions:

Analysis of the complicated features of MTT is helpful not only for enriching the study of metaphors but also for revealing the original appearance of TCM, the real meaning of TCM theories, and providing a new way to develop TCM.