bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GIS-assisted Carbon Stock Assessment of Loboc- Bilar Mahogany Plantation, Bohol, Philippines
Authors:   Bohol Island State University, Reyes, Jr Tomas
Published: February 2022

The study determined the carbon budget of the Loboc-Bilar Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Plantation in the province of Bohol, Philippines within the months of June to October 2018. The plantation straddles two municipalities, Loboc and Bilar. It is a popular destination for local and international tourists due to its compelling tunnel-like vegetative scenery. Delineation of the plantation boundary was fine-tuned using both image digitization and ground survey. A random sampling method was applied in conjunction with Geographic Information System (GIS) software to spatially distribute sampling plots in the research area. Several carbon pools were assessed, namely: aboveground biomass, necromass or ground biomass, and belowground biomass. Allometric and other mathematical equations were used in the calculation of biomass density, stored carbon and carbon dioxide equivalents. The plantation had 29,428.03 Mg of stored carbon in the biomass distributed over a total land area of 115.21 ha, yielding an estimated stored carbon density of 255.43 Mg ha-1. The monetized value of stored carbon in the whole plantation amounted to US$486,003.96.
Production Monitoring in SME using Cloud and Fog Computing
Authors: Chandak Ashish Chandak , Chetana Thaokar
Published: February 2022

Small to medium scale enterprises (SME) play a vital role in the Indian economy. Worker and production moni-toring, data acquisition, storage, and backup are the main challenges in SMEs. To tackle these challenges, fog and cloud computing-enabled architecture has been designed for worker and production monitoring. This architecture has been developed which stores the data generated by the machines and monitor the output of the machines. The designed architecture uses data generated by the machines to give a detailed analysis of data and produces detailed visualization to the management of the industry on web-enabled devices and Android app.
Multi-day Window for Stock Movement Prediction and Financial News Classification for Predicting Market Sentiments
Authors: Ghadekar Premanand , Sadany Raghav , Kale Ishaan , Mirani Param , Chugwani Rahul
Published: February 2022

There are many factors that influence the stock market prices and the general sentiment of the market. It has been difficult for a very long time to predict the stock prices in an accurate way using an automated system because stock prices are extremely volatile in nature as they depend on a variety of factors like financial/political news, historical prices, and market sentiments. In this paper, the proposed individual models take into consideration the above-mentioned factors to predict the future stock price movement and market sentiment. This is done by gathering all credible financial news data and historical stock price data. The proposed News Sentiment model uses deep learning to predict the next day's market sentiment i.e. bullish/bearish. This four-class news sentiment detection Four Class - News Sentiment Detection (FC-NSD) model has a testing accuracy of ~43\% and a R2 score of ~0.25 which is higher than previously published models. The proposed classification model (CDWM - Convolutional Dual Window Model) leverages one-dimensional convolutional layers to remove noise and learn patterns. This coupled with a unique pipeline that uses multi-day window prices for training is implemented to predict the future stock movement with higher accuracy. The proposed LSTM classification model achieves a state-of-the-art classification accuracy of 68.75\% in the binary buy-sell classification problem which is ~8\% more than the existing state of the art models.
Smart Driving Application for a Safe Ride- A Comparative Analysis of Drowsiness Detection Methods
Authors: Ukey Manda
Published: February 2022

Covid pandemic has given a boost to online shopping and hence the product delivery. As a result, the number of services like carpooling, product delivery for online shopping, food delivery services like zomato, swiggy, ubereats, etc. have increased tremendously. These services have added number of drivers to the already existing large number of automobile users on road. Also these services are provided without any restricted time duration causing considerable increase in road traffic during rush hours. These conditions result into driver fatigue, rash driving, micro sleeps and even drowsiness. Driving in these peak times is not only dangerous but also may result into accidents and casualties. Fatigued driving is consequently converted into drowsiness and is the major cause of road accidents. Worldwide many people become victim of it and lose their lives due to drowsiness. However, if the driver fatigue is detected early and some prior indication of it is given, it may prevent many accidents and can save lives. Many automobile vendors are providing driver assistance solutions inbuilt in the cars. However, the accuracy of these solutions is again a point of discussion. To address this issue, the presented paper provides a detailed survey on different non- invasive methods of real-time detection of driver fatigue and drowsiness with their comparative solutions.
Benefits and Challenges of Taking English Courses Abroad: A Case Study of FPT University Students
Authors:   FPT University, Ho Chi Minh City – Vietnam, Ngoc Hien Vo
Published: February 2022

There are many different ways to learn English effectively, and joining English courses abroad is one of them. FPT University is implementing this method to improve students' English ability, contributing to strengthening the internationalization and globalization of this international standard university. From the actual research at FPT University, this article mentions the great benefits of the method, including (1) Students have a favorable environment to practice using English, (2) Students learn to live independently , (3) Enhance the experience of student life, and (4) Besides English, students have many opportunities to learn about many other things. In addition, the five most common challenges related to this method of English improvement were also found to be (1) Program costs are high, (2) Lack of confidence in the ability to use English, (3) Participants must get out of their "safe zone", (4) Participants must be away from loved ones for quite a long time, and (5) Participants may face safety risks. Since then, combined with the author's research, some suggestions have been made so that the program's quality is improved, more students can know and participate in the program.
Effectiveness and the Ways of Using Pedagogical Innovative Technologies in Teaching Process
Authors:   Termez State University, Uzbekistan, Imamova Umida
Published: February 2022

Innovation is the process of making new changes in various fields of activity, as well as in the field of education and industry. The result of such changes is news. Any innovation is inevitable, which is formed in the logic of changes and development in society. The essence of innovation is to the tools and methods to achieve new results, obtain them, to overcome traditional or regular elements of traditional activities. The transition of enterprises and organizations of the national economy (including the education) has further strengthened these all conflicts, but the most painful situation is the need to restore the minds of these employees.
The Directive Speech Act of Public Officials in Handling of Covid-19
Authors:   Postgraduate School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Indonesia, Tarmini Wini
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the directive speech act of public officials in handling COVID-19 by involving the context that occurs in the community. The study used a qualitative research design. Data collection uses documentation and recording methods. The data analysis technique uses the interactive analysis model of Miles Huberman. The results showed that from a total of 56 directive utterances, it was found that the use of "ask" directive utterances amounted to 2 utterances or 4%; directive speech "invite" 12 utterances or 21%, directive speech "force" 3 utterances or 5%, directive speech "suggest" 10 utterances or 18%, directive utterance "insist" 2 utterances or 4%, directive speech "order" 5 utterances or 9%, directive utterances "demand" 10 utterances or 18%, directive utterances "Plead" 3 utterances or 5%, and directive utterances "give a cues" 9 utterances or 16%. Public officials handling COVID-19 have a tendency to use directive speech acts of inviting. The lingual markers used are in the form of asking words, let's, please, suggest, must, do not, plead, in order to, because.
Collection of Public Road Parking Retributions in the Framework of Strengthening Regional Autonomy in Pekalongan
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Hartanto Elviera Rheinata
Published: February 2022

Parking retribution is a tax on the operation of off-street parking spaces, both provided with the main business and those provided in a place, including the provision of vehicle storage areas. This retribution is one of the potentials that will be managed as a source of regional income. This can be used as a benchmark for assessing the level of local revenue earned. The income can be allocated for the development of the area concerned. The purpose of this study is to discuss the Collection of Public Road Parking Retributions in the Framework of Strengthening Regional Autonomy in Pekalongan to the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the retribution. The research method used was descriptive research using a qualitative approach. In the implementation of the retribution, there is a significant increase every year so that it can be a reinforcement in the context of strengthening regional autonomy.
Analysis of the Effect of Profitability, Company Size and Growth Opportunity toward Firm Value with Capital Structure as Intervening Variable in Consumer Goods Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2018-2020
Authors:   Universitas Prima Indonesia, Edward Yusuf Ronny
Published: February 2022

This research was conducted to analyze whether profitability, company size and growth opportunity influence firm value with capital structure as an intervening variable toward consumer goods companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2018-2020.This research selects 30 consumer goods companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange periode 2018 to 2020 as research objects using purposive sampling method. The results show that Profitability and Firm Size have a positive and significant effect on Capital Structure, while Growth Opportunity have no significant effect on Capital Structure. Profitability and Capital Structure have positive significant effect on firm value, while firm size and growth opportunity have no significant effect on firm value. Capital Structure cannot be intervening variable toward the effect of Profitability, Company Size and Growth Opportunity on Firm value.
Efecto del entrenamiento de intervalo en jugadores mexicanos juveniles de fútbol soccer (Effect of interval training in the performace of mexican juvenile soccer players)
Authors: Pulido Ricardo Ortiz , Ortiz-Pulido Rubén , Gómez-Figueroa Julio Alejandro , Ortiz-Pulido Raúl
Published: February 2022

En un partido de fútbol soccer los jugadores emplean su capacidad física para lograr un buen desempeño. Se ha sugerido que dicha capacidad puede ser entrenada utilizando el entrenamiento de intervalo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el rendimiento físico de jugadores juveniles de fútbol antes y después de que practicaran entrenamiento de intervalo. Para probarlo se evaluó el desempeño físico de 38 jugadores juveniles de fútbol empleando el test de pista de la Universidad de Montreal y el test de Hoff. El desempeño de los jugadores se evaluó considerando su velocidad aeróbica máxima en kilómetros por hora, el volumen máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) indirecto en mililitros por kilogramo por minuto, la distancia recorrida en metros y la frecuencia cardiaca basal en latidos por minuto en descanso, antes y después de ocho semanas de entrenamiento de intervalo. Los sujetos analizados mejoraron significativamente su capacidad aeróbica después del entrenamiento de intervalo en todas las variables medidas (velocidad aeróbica máxima 15.76 ± 0.12 [media ± 1 error estándar] antes y 17.08 ± 0.13 después; VO2max 55.17 ± 0.43 antes vs 59.78 ± 0.45 después; distancia recorrida 1461.37 ± 11.20 antes vs 1593.79 ± 13.21 después; frecuencia cardiaca basal 71.58 ± 1.14 antes vs 67.37 ± 1.07 después; en todos los casos p <0.0001). Concluimos que el entrenamiento de intervalo aplicado fue de ayuda para mejorar el desempeño físico de los jugadores juveniles de fútbol analizados.
Abstract. In order to achieve a good performance in a soccer match, soccer players use aerobic capacity. It has been suggested that such capacity can be trained using Interval Training. The purpose of this research was to compare the performance of juvenile soccer players before and after they practiced interval training. To prove it we assessed the physical performance of 38 juvenile soccer players using Université Montreal track test and Hoff test. Their performance was evaluated before and after the interval training measuring maximal aerobic speed in kilometers per hour, indirect maximum oxygen volume (VO2max) in mm/kg/min, traveled distance in meters and basal heart rate in beats per minute. The juvenile soccer players performance increased significantly at all the variables measured after the interval training (maximal aerobic speed 15.76 ± 0.12 [mean ± 1 standard error] before and 17.08 ± 0.13 after; VO2max 55.17 ± 0.43 before vs 59.78 ± 0.45 after; traveled distance 1461.37 ± 11.20 before vs 1593.79 ± 13.21 after; basal heart rate 71.58 ± 1.14 before vs 67.37 ± 1.07 after; in all the cases p <0.0001). We concluded that the interval training was helpful to improve physical performance in the juvenile soccer players tested.
Motricidades del Sur: Congada de San Benedicto en Ilhabela - Brasil (Motricities of the South: Congada of St. Benedict in Ilhabela – Brazil)
Authors: Campos Silmara Elena Alves de , Corrêa Denise Aparecida , Gonçalves Junior Luiz
Published: February 2022

Motricidades del Sur son prácticas sociales de juegos, luchas, danzas, fiestas, cantos, historias y rituales con características propias de un pueblo/ comunidad ubicada al sur, geográfica o metafóricamente, que involucran tradición y resistencia de tales manifestaciones al colonialismo y dominación epistemológica. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender los procesos educativos involucrados en la construcción de las Motricidades del Sur de participantes de la Congada de San Benedicto en Ilhabela, ubicada en litoral norte del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Con metodología de inspiración fenomenológica, fueron entrevistadas cinco personas involucradas con la práctica de la Congada. Las entrevistas fueron sometidas a análisis fenomenológica posibilitando la construcción de la categoría: “Ancestralidad, devoción y pertenencia en fiesta”. Es posible considerar que las Motricidades del Sur, en la Congada de San Benedicto, involucrasen la tradición y la resistencia de un pueblo. Estos aspectos están bien mantenidos, son criados, recreados, rememorados, se hacen presentes y se proyectan entre sus participantes en el proceso cotidiano de vivir-la-vida.
Abstract. Motricities of the South are social practices of games, fights, dances, parties, songs, stories and rituals with characteristics of a people / community located to the south, geographically or metaphorically, that involve tradition and resistance of such manifestations to colonialism and epistemological domination. The objective of this research is to understand the educational processes involved in the construction of the Motricities of the South of participants of the Congada de San Benedicto in Ilhabela, located on the north coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. With a phenomenological-inspired methodology, five people involved with the practice of the Congada were interviewed. The interviews were subjected to phenomenological analysis allowing the construction of the category: “Ancestrality, devotion and belonging to a party”. It is possible to consider that the Motricities of the South, in the Congada de San Benedicto, involved the tradition and resistance of a people. These aspects are well maintained, they are raised, recreated, remembered, made present and projected among its participants in the daily process of living-life.
Análisis del desarrollo de valores a través de la educación física y del deporte: un estudio de protocolo (Values development analysis through physical education and sports: a protocol study)
Authors: Palacio Eulisis Smith , Acebes- Sánchez Jorge
Published: February 2022

Son muchas las teorías planteadas sobre la educación en valores y la transmisión de estos a través del deporte. No obstante, estas teorías han sido cuestionadas por la falta de evidencia en la metodología y en la identificación de variables que influyen en el desarrollo de los valores. Este estudio tiene como objetivo plantear el protocolo de intervención educativa del Programa Delfos para la educación en valores a través de actividades físico-deportivas en jóvenes escolares, y la evaluación del autocontrol a través del cuestionario de autocontrol infantil y adolescente (CACIA). Los resultados ayudarán a evaluar, si el programa de intervención Delfos es apropiado para el desarrollo de valores en el alumnado allá donde se aplique la investigación. Esta investigación pretende dotar al docente de herramientas para el desarrollo real de su alumnado en materia de valores a través de actividades físico-deportivas. Así mismo, el presente trabajo busca crear una metodología que permita transferir los valores educativos que se obtienen en las clases de educación física a la familia y la sociedad.
Abstract. There are many theories raised about education in values and the transmission of these through sport. However, these theories have been questioned by the lack of evidence in the methodology and in the identification of variables that influence the development of values. This study aims to propose the educational intervention protocol of the Delphi Program for education in values through physical-sports activities in young schoolchildren, and the evaluation of self-control through the child and adolescent self-control questionnaire (CACIA). The results will help to evaluate whether the Delphi intervention program is appropriate for the development of values in students wherever the research is applied. This research aims to provide the teacher with tools for the real development of their students in terms of values through physical-sports activities. Likewise, the present work seeks to create a methodology that allows to transfer the educational values obtained in physical education classes to the family and society.
Gestión de los Colegios Profesionales de Educación Física y Deporte desde una perspectiva interna (Management of Professional Colleges of Physical Education and Sport from an internal perspective)
Authors: Silva Piñeiro Roberto , García Unanue Jorge Fernando
Published: February 2022

Asistimos en la última década a un intenso crecimiento del ámbito deportivo y en consecuencia también a la aparición de nuevas profesiones. Los Colegios Profesionales de Educación Física y Deporte garantizan la calidad y seguridad de los servicios cualificados, pero también se han visto afectados por diversas normativas y obligaciones que han lastrado su capacidad operativa. Se propuso un estudio de funcionamiento de estas entidades a nivel estatal que ayudase a interpretar el presente y el futuro más inmediato que tendrán que afrontar. Objetivo. Describir en qué situación se encuentra una parte de la gestión interna de los COLEF. Metodología. Basándonos en diferentes normativas y manuales, se diseñó un formulario on-line sobre cuestiones organizativas que fue trasladado a cada colegio autonómico. Resultados. Se obtuvo una participación de 15 entidades, recogiéndose datos que muestran algunos nexos estructurales, carencias, posicionamientos y tendencias organizativas similares. Conclusiones. Se detectó una ausencia en la utilización de procesos y herramientas de planificación. Asimismo, los COLEF necesitan profundizar en el conocimiento de su cliente interno e incrementar servicios y estrategias de fidelización, además de mejorar en general todas sus relaciones. A pesar de que la austeridad económica y dependencia de las cuotas anuales, no se detectaron tensiones de liquidez ni deuda financiera, lo que también favorecería el planteamiento de nuevos retos estructurales.
Abstract. In the last decade, we have witnessed an intense growth of the sport field and consequently also the emergence of new professions. The Professional Collegues of Physical Education and Sport (COLEF) guarantee the quality and safety of qualified services, but they have also been affected by various regulations and obligations that have hindered their operational capacity. A study of the functioning of these entities at state level was proposed to help interpret the present and the more immediate future they will have to face. Objectives. To describe the current situationt of a part of the internal management of the COLEF. Methodology. Based on different regulations and manuals, an online form was designed on organisational issues and sent to each regional college. Results. The participation of 15 entities was obtained, collecting data that show some similar structural links, shortcomings, positionings and organisational trends. Conclusions. An absence in the use of planning processes and tools was detected. Furthermore, COLEFs need to deepen their knowledge of their internal customers and increase services and loyalty strategies, as well as generally improve all their relationships. Despite the economic austerity and dependence on annual fees, no liquidity tensions or financial debt were detected, which also would favours the approach of new structural challenges.
El cuento motor como recurso didáctico provocativo para fomentar la cooperación y la empatía (Motor story as a didactical and provocative resource to promote cooperation and empathy)
Authors: Martos García Daniel , Monforte Javier , Espí Monzó Bernardo , Atienza Gago Rodrigo , Valencia-Peris Alexandra , Garcia-Puchades Wenceslao
Published: February 2022

Este artículo trata sobre el uso de un cuento motor, creado ex profeso de forma colaborativa por profesorado de Educación Física de Primaria y Educación Superior. La experiencia pedagógica tiene como propósito desarrollar la compasión y la empatía del alumnado hacia la inclusión mediante la cooperación en diferentes retos propuestos. El cuento motor se implementó en dos grupos de 3º de Primaria de dos centros públicos diferentes y, de forma complementaria, en dos jornadas destinadas a la formación de profesorado. La recogida de datos se realizó sobre todo mediante diarios de observación, la grabación de las dos sesiones en Primaria y un grupo de discusión posterior al visionado de la experiencia. Los resultados abogan por preparar concienzudamente la actividad, mostrar una buena actitud y dedicar tiempo a la reflexión. Asimismo, durante el cuento afloraron emociones como la empatía y la compasión hacía las personas con diversidad funcional, pero también acabaron produciéndose situaciones de ‘superempatía’ y de ‘cooperación impuesta’.
Abstract: This article deals with the use of a motor story, created ex profeso collaboratively by teachers of Physical Education of Primary and Higher Education. The purpose aims to develop compassion and empathy of students towards inclusion through the cooperation in different challenges proposed. The motor story was implemented in two groups of 3rd Primary from two different public schools and, in a complementary way, in two events aimed at teacher training. The data collection was done especially through observation diaries, recording of the two sessions in primary school, and a discussion group. Results show the need to properly prepare the activity, the attitude of the person who narrates it and add a time dedicated to reflection. Motor story brought out emotions such as empathy and compassion towards people with functional diversity, but also ended up producing situations of 'superempathy' and 'imposed cooperation'.
Physical activity and movement integrated into the second language teaching from an early age: a systematic review (Actividad física y movimiento integrados en la enseñanza de una segunda lengua desde una edad temprana: una revisión sistemática)
Authors: González Valero Gabriel , Padial-Ruz Rosario , García-Molina Raquel , Ubago-Jiménez José Luis
Published: February 2022

Background: the main objective of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness of physical activity and movement based intervention programmes for teaching and learning a second language (L2) in early childhood, also providing an overview of the current state of the art. Methods: the study presents a systematic review, paying special attention to the scientific literature that combines and integrates in the classroom, physical activity and the contents of the Physical Education curriculum, for the teaching of the L2. The Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and ProQuest have been used as databases, obtaining a total of 14 scientific articles closely related to the subject of the work, published between 2001 and 2020. Results and Conclusions: The results produced following consultation of different search engines reveal that, on the one hand, there is scarce research on this topic and, on the other hand, there is a positive influence of physical and / or expressive activities on the acquisition of a second language. This is especially the case for vocabulary acquisition and is found when comparing with conventional teaching methods.
Resumen: Antecedentes: el objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la eficacia de los programas de intervención basados en la actividad física y el movimiento para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua (L2) en la primera infancia, proporcionando también una visión general del estado actual de la cuestión. Métodos: el estudio presenta una revisión sistemática, prestando especial atención a la literatura científica que combina e integra en el aula, la actividad física y los contenidos del currículo de Educación Física, para la enseñanza de la L2. Se han utilizado como bases de datos la Web of Science (WOS), Scopus y ProQuest, obteniendo un total de 14 artículos científicos estrechamente relacionados con el tema del trabajo, publicados entre 2001 y 2020. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los resultados arrojados tras la consulta de diferentes buscadores revelan que, por un lado, hay escasa investigación sobre este tema y, por otro, existe una influencia positiva de las actividades físicas y/o expresivas en la adquisición de una segunda lengua. Este es el caso, especialmente, de la adquisición de vocabulario y se constata cuando se compara con los métodos de enseñanza convencionales.
Slapping down SLAPP suits in South Africa: The need for legislative protection and civil society action
Authors: Emmamally Zeenat
Published: February 2022

The formation of online contracts has enjoyed considerable judicial and academic attention in American law. Generally, American courts are of the view that the rise of online contracts has not necessitated any changes to the fundamental principles of the law of contract, although commentators argue that the enforcement of online contracts has stretched the requirement of mutual assent beyond recognition. This article engages in a comparative evaluation of these arguments, as well as some proposals contained in the American Law Institute’s Draft Restatement of the Law, Consumer Contracts. Ultimately, the aim is to identify whether the principles regarding the formation of contracts in South African law ought to be adapted or supplemented to accommodate online contracts. It is found that both legal systems subscribe to fairly lenient formation requirements. The possibility of recognising more stringent assent-related requirements, such as imposing specific disclosure requirements, is investigated. It is concluded that there is little to be gained by insisting on stricter formation requirements for online contracts in general, because consumers rationally choose not to read these contracts. Instead, recognising these concerns may provide the impetus for increased reliance on other forms of control, most notably regulating the use of certain problematic standard terms.
Problems relating to the formation of online contracts: A comparative perspective
Authors: van Deventer Sanmarie
Published: February 2022

The formation of online contracts has enjoyed considerable judicial and academic attention in American law. Generally, American courts are of the view that the rise of online contracts has not necessitated any changes to the fundamental principles of the law of contract, although commentators argue that the enforcement of online contracts has stretched the requirement of mutual assent beyond recognition. This article engages in a comparative evaluation of these arguments, as well as some proposals contained in the American Law Institute’s Draft Restatement of the Law, Consumer Contracts. Ultimately, the aim is to identify whether the principles regarding the formation of contracts in South African law ought to be adapted or supplemented to accommodate online contracts. It is found that both legal systems subscribe to fairly lenient formation requirements. The possibility of recognising more stringent assent-related requirements, such as imposing specific disclosure requirements, is investigated. It is concluded that there is little to be gained by insisting on stricter formation requirements for online contracts in general, because consumers rationally choose not to read these contracts. Instead, recognising these concerns may provide the impetus for increased reliance on other forms of control, most notably regulating the use of certain problematic standard terms.
A comparative analysis of the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation in South Africa and the United Kingdom
Authors: Qumba Mmiselo Freedom
Published: February 2022

This article examines the recent adoption of the Twin Peaks model by the United Kingdom and South Africa. An international and comparative analysis is provided. It observes that there is a gradual paradigm shift across the world towards the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation. There are slight variations in the design of the two countries’ Twin Peaks models. The variations in regulatory design indicate the flexibility of the Twin Peaks model and its adaptability to suit local conditions, regulatory culture, and the country’s specific needs. Therefore, while the South African model has drawn significantly from the experiences of other Twin Peaks jurisdictions, particularly the UK, South Africa has adopted the model to accommodate its own needs and unique characteristics. It is imperative for the success of the Twin Peaks model that it clearly delineates the objectives and functions of each regulator, and achieves effective co-ordination between them. This article warns that, given the potential overlaps and high levels of co-operation required between the different regulatory bodies in South Africa, there could be detrimental consequences if this complicated financial regulation regime is not properly managed.
Disclosure of corporate political donations and expenditure to shareholders: Why South Africa should follow the United Kingdom’s legislative approach
Authors: Madlela Vela
Published: February 2022

Whilst corporate political donations and expenditure is legally permissible in South Africa, and whilst some companies may be making such donations and incurring such expenditure for valid reasons, corporate political donations and expenditure is frequently associated with secrecy and poor corporate governance practices within companies. One strategy that some corporate-law jurisdictions have adopted to regulate corporate political donations and expenditure is to require company boards to disclose relevant information about such donations and expenditure directly to their shareholders. However, South African law currently does not require companies to disclose their political donations or expenditure directly to the shareholders, either in the annual financial statements, or in the directors’ report that must be included in the annual financial statements, or in the annual report. Following an examination of key policy considerations relevant to the disclosure of corporate political donations and expenditure to shareholders, and an examination of the legislative approach in the UK, the article argues for the effective disclosure of corporate political donations and expenditure to shareholders under the Companies Act 71 of 2008. It then makes detailed recommendations on how such disclosure requirements could be introduced and implemented in South Africa.
Guilty of being deaf. Kruse v S — paying lip service to the fair-trial rights of hearing-impaired accused persons
Authors: Kehrhahn Ferdinand Heinrich Hermann , de Lange Jani Charlese
Published: February 2022

This article considers the case of Kruse v S, where the right to a fair trial of a deaf accused was infringed owing to the poor communication and translation of the trial proceedings. This article considers the methods available to translate court proceedings to a deaf or hard-of-hearing accused, and demonstrates an appreciation that the deaf community is not homogeneous and that a single interpreting method cannot accommodate every deaf person. In raising the question as to which method is best suited to a specific accused, the article indicates that the culture and history of the deaf accused should be indispensable factors to consider. The article explores the rights of deaf accused in the South African criminal justice system by considering the Constitution, national legislation, and judicial norms and standards which relate to the interpreting of trial proceedings to the deaf accused. The existing laws and safeguards that protect these rights are poorly implemented at a grass-roots level, which calls for better training of stakeholders and more effective policy implementation. A concerted effort on the part of the government is required to ensure that the rights of the deaf accused are protected.
Where do we belong? The plight of plaintiffs with small maritime claims
Authors: Wallis Malcolm
Published: February 2022

Is a claim falling within the definition of a ‘maritime claim’ in terms of s 1 of the Admiralty Jurisdiction Regulation Act 105 of 1983 and also within s 29(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 32 of 1944 capable of being pursued in the magistrates’ courts? In World Net Logistics (Pty) Ltd v Donsantel 133 CC & another 2020 (3) SA 542 (KZP) the full court in KwaZulu-Natal held that such claims must be pursued within the exclusive admiralty jurisdiction of the high court. The article submits that this is incorrect and disregards the history of the Admiralty Jurisdiction Regulation Act, amounts pro tanto to an implied repeal of the relevant section of the Magistrates’ Courts Act, and is inconsistent with the principles of statutory interpretation applied by our courts. It urges the Maritime Law Association urgently to seek an opportunity to challenge the decision, which is prejudicial to claimants with small claims arising out of ship-related contracts or delicts.
Ben Beinart remembered
Authors: Beinart William
Published: February 2022

None
Book Review: Andrew Stewart, Rosemary Owens, Niall O’Higgins & Anne Hewitt (eds) Internships, Employability and the Search for Decent Work Experience (2021)
Authors: Maree Johann
Published: February 2022

None
Failure of citizens to return for second dose of COVID-19 Vaccine; gateway to another wave
Authors: Moeez Tariq  , Syed Noor ul Hasan  , Arbaz Zaman
Published: February 2022

Respected Editor,
The corona virus hit the world in 2019 creating a pandemic through the SARS nCov2 variant. Afflicting more than a hundred million and proving to be fatal for over three million people globally, Pakistan was also affected by the disease, the stats from National Command and Coordination cell as of 15 June, 2020 were that 944,065 people are tested positive and about 22,000 have died from pneumonia induced by this notorious virus. A silver lining came in the late 2020 by the revolutionary breakthrough in the development of COVID-19 vaccines. Pakistan also started the vaccination drive in February 2021 on a priority bases from Registered Health Care Workers to Senior Citizens to General Public in a descending order of age. Recently the vaccination drive came to jabbing people of age 19+ with the vaccine.
Since most of the COVID-19 vaccines dispensed comprise of two doses and there is at least a gap of 21 days between them, there is seen a paucity of people returning to the vaccination centers for their second shot and to our astonishment this list also includes the health care workers (1). The policy makers cited the following causes for this issue (1, 2):

Some of them might have died before the second dose.
Many of them could have been in the spell of myths and rumours related to the vaccine like magnet sticking, etc.
The people might have contracted the virus which led to hesitancy while getting the second jab done.

Madam Editor we want to bring to your attention that the lack of people returning for the second dose including health care workers might prove fatal for our health sector. We have suffered four waves of the pandemic and now the only source to prevent another one is the vaccine. If the second dose is not administered (which is usually a booster one), then antibodies against the virus will wane after about 6 months (2) and the people will again become susceptible to fatal outcomes of the disease (2, 3).
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Peluang Koperasi Syariah terhadap UMKM pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Octavia Fatimatuz Zahro
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh krisis ekonomi yang dialami oleh Indonesia pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Krisis ekonomi akibat Covid-19 berimbas kepada para pekerja, terutama pada empat sektor utama perekonomian Indonesia yakni pariwisata, perdagangan, manufaktur, dan pertanian. Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan mencatat bahwa terdapat 3,5 juta lebih pekerja yang terkena Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) maupun yang dirumahkan pada akhir Juli 2020. Semakin marak praktik ribawi seperti peminjaman online juga merupakan dampak lain dari krisis ekonomi akibat Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari peluang koperasi syariah terhadap UMKM pada masa pandemi Covid-19 sebagai salah satu cara membantu menyejahterakan perekonomian Indonesia agar tetap sesuai dengan syariat Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur. Penelitian ini banyak mengacu pada studi penelitian di Koperasi Syariah Citra Mandiri Sejahtera karya Heri Nurranto dkk dan studi penelitian di Koperasi Wanita Syariah Mitra Surya Bahari  karya Iskandar Johan. Berdasarkan kedua penelitian itu, diperoleh kendala-kendala yang biasa terjadi pada koperasi yaitu 1)kesulitan tenaga kerja dan kelangkaan bahan baku, 2)terhambatnya pengembangan produk karena kurangnya motivasi, 3)penetapan harga jual yang tidak tepat dan ketidaktertiban laporan keuangan, 4)minimnya pengetahuan, inovasi, dan kreativitas dalam memproduksi dan memasarkan produk. Berdasarkan kendala-kendala tersebut, didapat peluang yang dapat dimanfaatkan koperasi syariah yaitu membantu mengurangi maraknya praktik ribawi dengan menerapkan akad mudharabah, meningkatkan kreativitas dan etos kerja dengan adanya pendampingan dan pelatihan.
Adana İçin Hissedilen Sıcaklığın Aylık ve Saatlik Değişiminin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÜNAL Şaban , BİLGİLİ Mehmet
Published: February 2022

Hissedilen sıcaklık daha çok yaz aylarında gündeme gelen bir kavramdır. Termometre ile ölçülen hava sıcaklığından farklı olarak, insan vücudunun hissettiği ya da algıladığı sıcaklık olarak tanımlanabilir. Ölçülebilen meteorolojik verilerle birlikte insanların cinsiyet, giysi, metabolizma ve psikolojik durumları gibi parametreler de hissedilen sıcaklık kavramına dahil edilmiştir. Bu nedenle hissedilen sıcaklık kişiden kişiye farklılık gösterebilir. Hissedilen sıcaklık sübjektif bir kavram olmakla birlikte birçok bilimsel çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Fiziksel olarak ölçülemeyen parametreler, kişiler üzerinde yapılan deneysel çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçların değerlendirilmesi ile hissedilen sıcaklık kavramına dahil edilmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada ise, meteoroloji istasyonlarında ölçümü gerçekleştirilen parametrelere dayalı olan hissedilen sıcaklık hesaplama yöntemlerinden biri kullanılmıştır. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğünden alınan sıcaklık, bağıl nem, atmosferik basınç ve rüzgâr hızı verileri kullanılarak, Adana için hissedilen sıcaklık değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Adana’da dış ortam iklim koşullarının yılın %63,2’sinde normal sıcaklık aralığında, buna karşılık %18,7 oranında sıcak ve %18,1 oranında da çok sıcak olduğu söylenebilir.
A Fuzzy Hybrid Approach to The Marketplace Seller Selection Problem in E-Commerce
Authors: TÜMAY ATEŞ Kübra
Published: February 2022

Considering today's conditions and the sudden emergence of an epidemic disease, internet commerce has necessarily increased. This situation has led to the diversification of vendors and an increase in their number in different sectors. The increase in internet sellers has made it difficult for customers to decide which product to buy from which seller and how. For this reason, the marketplace sites were examined and the most important criteria affecting the preferences of the customers were determined. Most of these criteria are based on linguistic terms that decision makers can express using fuzzy expressions. In this study, vendor selection problem is solved using a hybrid model by combining Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Hierarchical TOPSIS methods. In the study, seller ratings, customer comments and opinions from experts in the field were taken. Three main criteria and seventeen sub-criteria were determined and applied to the Fuzzy Hybrid Approach. According to the results of the applied hybrid method, the most effective main criterion was found to be the general characteristics of the seller with a weight of 0.68. Ease of communication with the seller was obtained from a sub-criterion of this main criterion with a weight of 0.30. Thus, as a result of the analyzes made, it was concluded that the customers attach more importance to the general characteristics of the seller and to the after-sales communication than the other criteria. The proposed hybrid model has been successfully applied to the marketplace vendor selection problem in Turkey.
Credit Spreads, Monetary Policy and the Price Puzzle
Authors:   Reserve Bank of Australia, Beckers Benjamin
Published: February 2022

Identifying the causal effect of monetary policy on inflation remains a challenge. Researchers frequently find evidence of a 'price puzzle': increases in the policy rate are followed by higher rather than lower inflation. This can be explained by the forward-looking behaviour of the central bank. Inflation does not rise in response to an increase in the policy rate but, instead, the central bank raises its policy rate when it expects inflation to increase in the future. To identify the true causal effects of monetary policy on inflation, it is hence necessary to control for this systematic policy response to expected inflation. For Australia, however, the price puzzle has been found even when controlling for the cash rate's systematic response to the Reserve Bank's own inflation forecasts. I argue that this is due to an additional but omitted systematic response of the cash rate to credit market shocks. Easier credit market conditions lead to an economic expansion and higher inflation. Therefore, the Bank raises the cash rate – its policy rate – when credit spreads decline. However, the Bank's inflation forecasts do not fully capture the inflationary effect of easier credit conditions. As a result, cash rate changes are positively correlated with future inflation even when purging them of the cash rate's response to the Bank's inflation forecasts. Accordingly, I show that accounting for the cash rate's additional response to credit market conditions resolves the price puzzle. As expected, a higher cash rate reduces inflation and output growth, and raises the unemployment rate.
How Risky is Australian Household Debt?
Authors:   Reserve Bank of Australia, Kearns Jonathan , Major Mike ,   Reserve Bank of Australia, Norman David ,   Reserve Bank of Australia
Published: February 2022

Household indebtedness has increased substantially over several decades and across a range of countries. It is commonly cited as a major risk to numerous countries, including Australia. We consider how much risk this debt poses to Australia by asking three questions: (i) what accounts for the rise in household debt-to-income ratios and its level in Australia relative to other countries?; (ii) what losses might the Australian banking system suffer from these exposures in the event of a severe stress?; and (iii) how does household debt affect the sensitivity of consumption in Australia to severe economic shocks? Our results suggest that risks arising from Australian household indebtedness are more subtle than sometimes conveyed. In particular: fundamental factors (higher real incomes, a fall in nominal interest rates, financial liberalisation and household ownership of the rental stock) mostly account for the current level of household debt; banks appear resilient to a severe downturn thanks to moderate loan-to-valuation ratios on residential mortgages; and the distribution of debt does not appear to heighten wealth effects on consumption. However, there are risks. Our model cannot account for the increase in debt over the past four or five years. In addition, we demonstrate that a large but plausible fall in asset prices could lead to a substantial fall in consumption and that the increase in indebtedness over the past decade has slightly increased the potential loss of consumption during periods of financial stress.
Implementing Random Forest to Predict Churn
Authors: Makurumidze Linda , Manjoro Wellington Simbarashe , Makondo Wellington
Published: February 2022

For one to remain afloat in business, the best marketing technique is to maintain the current customers rather getting new ones [1]. [2] Shows that it costs more to get a fresh client than maintaining the available ones. An organization that intends to keep its customers must speculate which of them is at risk of abandoning their service and put all their concentration on those customers in an effort to retain them. This paper’s contribution is to create a prototype, which aid banks to foretell clients that are prone to abandon their service. This paper makes use of four algorithms namely Gradient boost, Random forest, Adaboost and Decision tree to classify and segment bank clients based on a number of features. The paper then selects the best performing algorithm, that is Random forest , to build a prediction model that can used by banks to identify the most likely clients to churn away.