bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining usual care comparators when designing pragmatic trials of complex health interventions: a methodology review
Authors: Turner Katrina M , Huntley Alyson , Yardley Tom , Dawson Sarah , Dawson Shoba
Published: November 2023

Background Pragmatic trials evaluating complex health interventions often compare them to usual care. This comparator should resemble care as provided in everyday practice. However, usual care can differ for the same condition, between patients and practitioners, across clinical sites and over time. Heterogeneity within a usual care arm can raise methodological and ethical issues. To address these it may be necessary to standardise what usual care entails, although doing so may compromise a trial’s external validity. Currently there is no guidance detailing how researchers should decide the content of their usual care comparators. We conducted a methodology review to summarise current thinking about what should inform this decision.
Methods MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from inception to January 2022. Articles and book chapters that discussed how to identify or develop usual care comparators were included. Experts in the field were also contacted. Reference lists and forward citation searches of included articles were screened. Data were analysed using a narrative synthesis approach.
Results 1930 records were identified, 1611 titles and abstracts screened, 112 full texts screened, and 16 articles included in the review. Results indicated that the content of a usual care comparator should be informed by the aims of the trial, existing care practices, clinical guidelines, and characteristics of the target population. Its content should also be driven by the trial’s requirements to protect participants, inform practice, and be methodologically robust, efficient, feasible and acceptable to stakeholders. When deciding the content of usual care, researchers will need to gather information about these drivers, balance tensions that might occur when responding to different trial objectives, and decide how usual care will be described and monitored in the trial.
Discussion When deciding the content of a usual care arm, researchers need to understand the context in which a trial will be implemented and what the trial needs to achieve to address its aim and remain ethical. This is a complex decision-making process and trade-offs might need to be made. It also requires research and engagement with stakeholders, and therefore time and funding during the trial’s design phase.
Methodology review registration PROSPERO (CRD42022307324)
State of Health Estimation for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Mechanism Fundamental Learning under Variable Charging Strategies
Authors: Zhang Chenghui , Li Shipeng , Shang Yunlong , Duan Bin , Liu Kailong , Bi Zhuming , Zhao Guangcai , Li Changlong , Wang Nan
Published: November 2023

Monitoring the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion battery is critical to ensure its safe use and prolong the lifespan. Conventional SOH estimation methods require specific charging strategies which brings barrier to practical applications. In this paper, Mechanism Fundamental Learning (MFL) model is proposed to estimate SOH of lithium-ion batteries using charging processes under variable charging strategies and sample segments. The mechanism is that battery voltage and current are signiﬁcantly impacted by the unmeasurable polarization state, which is associated with the usage and charging process. The MFL model learns the underlying mechanism of battery and tracks the internal state by training current and voltage prediction tasks with Long-Short Term Memory models, and shares the extracted information with SOH estimation task by Multi-Task Learning. Finally the SOH is decoupled from the internal state carried by both hidden state and cell state of LSTM. It has assessed the SOH of batteries with a mean absolute error of 0.76% and root mean squared error of 1.04%.
Abandoned Copper Pyrite Mines: Migration of Chemical Elements from the Acid Mine Water Discharge Zone to the Hydrographic Network
Authors: Rybnikova Liudmila , Rybnikov Petr , Navolokina Vera
Published: November 2023

The paper presents a study of river water pollution by acid mine drainage (AMD) in the Middle Urals, Russia. We analyzed the macro- and microcomponent contents of waters and bottom sediments in the area of the abandoned Levikha copper pyrite deposit (Middle Urals, Russia) and variations in these contents throughout the following chain: mine water discharge (acidic environment) - neutralization (alkaline environment) - clarification (acidic environment) - small river (weakly acidic environment) – discharge into the hydrographic network (circumneutral environment). The degree to which the waters at this nature-manmade object are in equilibrium with respect to minerals was assessed, which enabled us to identify secondary mineral formation processes, forms of metal migration in the water bodies, and their impact on the environment.
At sampling points, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe(2+), and Mn were found to migrate in all media mainly in free form. In acidic and weakly alkaline media, Cu and Zn tend to migrate both in free form and in the form of sulfate complexes, while in strongly alkaline media - only in the form of hydroxyl complexes. Al migrates in a sulfate and, less often, hydroxide form. Acidic water is supersaturated with respect to the minerals of the oxide and oxide hydroxide groups. Strongly alkaline and weakly alkaline waters are supersaturated in the group of oxides, oxide hydroxides, hydroxides, and sulfates. The waters of all environments are close to equilibrium or are undersaturated with respect to gypsum; and undersaturated with respect to carbonates. The most intense processes of metal precipitation and sorption by bottom sediments occur in a circumneutral medium: the concentration ratio (CR) exceeds n*105 (L/kg) for Al, Fe, Cu, and Pb.
Improved Gender Detection and Age Estimation Using Multimodal Speech Datasets for speech Age Classification
Authors: Younis Hussain A. , Raihana Nur Intan , Samsudin Tien-Ping , Samsudin Nur Hana , Eisa Taiseer Abdalla Taiseerl , Badr Ameer A. , Nasser Maged , Salisu Sani
Published: November 2023

Age estimation and gender detection are essential tasks in speech analysis and understanding, with applications in various domains. Traditional approaches primarily rely on acoustic features extracted from speech signals, which may be limited by environmental noise and recording conditions. To address these challenges, we propose an improved approach that leverages multimodal speech data, combining audio, visual, and textual features for age estimation and gender detection. Our methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of multimodal features, a novel fusion strategy for integrating the features, and an evaluation of a large-scale multimodal speech dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach compared to state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy, robustness, and generalization capabilities. This work contributes to the advancement of speech analysis techniques and enhances the performance of speech-based applications. This study applies four methods, Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF),Neural Networks (CNN), and CNN with cross-validation.. The accuracy of DT, Random Forest, CCN and CNN with cross validation algorithms are 0.9317%, 0.8341%,0.8% and 0.8537%, respectively for male dataset, 0.8563%, 0.657%1, 0.7433% and 0.7682%, respectively for female dataset then 0.8563%, 0.6839%, 0.7241%, 0.7452%, respectively for combined dataset.
Long COVID with Persistent High Fever as the Main Manifestation: A Case Report
Authors: Fang Chuangsen , Zheng Liangliang , Li Ao , Chen Xi , Chen Yanqi
Published: November 2023

Background COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound global impact, affecting millions of people. Long COVID, also known as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is characterized by persistent symptoms following acute COVID-19, affecting more than 65 million individuals worldwide. In this case report, we highlight a rare occurrence of Long COVID with high fever, underlining its clinical significance.
Case presentation A 34-year-old female with a 24-day history of recurrent fever, initially reaching 37.5°C, accompanied by headache, fatigue, and joint pain, was admitted with a diagnosis of "fever of unknown origin." Extensive testing, including negative nucleic acid tests for the novel coronavirus, negative blood cultures, and normal imaging, prompted the use of blood Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to detect COVID-19. Despite repeated negative nucleic acid tests, elevated COVID-19 antibody levels indicated the presence of long COVID. Methylprednisolone was administered, resulting in the resolution of symptoms. The patient remained asymptomatic during the follow-up.
Overlapping Schwarz Method for a Singularly Perturbed Convection-Diffusion Problems with Two Distinct Parameters
Authors: J Jenifa , J Christy Roja
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a system of singularly perturbed convection- diffusion problems with two distinct small parameters is considered. The problem is solved by using hybrid difference scheme on a Shishkin mesh. This proposed scheme is composed of central difference scheme in the layer region and midpoint scheme on outer region. It is shown that the method produces numerical approximations which converge in the maximum norm to the exact solution. Also we have proved that, when appropriate subdomains are used, the numerical approximations generated from the method are shown to be almost second-order uniformly convergent. Furthermore, it is shown that, the two iterations are sufficient to achieve the expected accuracy. Numerical results are presented in the end which support the theoretical results strongly.
A hierarchical model combining process and Raman spectroscopic data for real-time monitoring of cell culture process
Authors: Yin Pei , Tong Jing , Zhang Liwei , Tang Weihua , Jiang Pei , Wan Xun , Guo Meijin
Published: November 2023

Process analytical technology (PAT) is expected to ensure process and product quality consistency through the timely measurement of raw and in-process materials and key process parameters in pharmaceutical production. With the application of multi-wavelength on-line spectroscopy such as NIR, UV andRaman, and the accumulation of on-line process data, multivariate data analysis (MVDA) has surpassed the traditional univariate or bivariate approaches asa more appropriate tool for bioprocess monitoring and characterization. In thisstudy, a multivariate hierarchical model combining on-line process and Ramanspectroscopic data was developed for real-time cell culture process monitoring.Non-invasive spectroscopy, such as NIR and Raman, can provide additional information to the process variable regarding the biochemical attributes of in-processmedia. The objective was to investigate the possible advantages of the hierarchical model using a combined data set compared to the model using process dataonly. A major advantage of the hierarchical approach was its ability to detectand interpret variations for in-process materials that cannot be detected by theprocess model. In addition, the hierarchical model enhanced the understandingof interactions between process and biochemical variables, as well as the impactof such interactions on process evolution. These advantages not only facilitate early fault detection, but also lead to a well-understood process and, ultimately, improved efficiency for process optimization and control.
Smart Hospital Patient Monitoring System Aided by Edge-Fog-Cloud Continuum: A Performability Evaluation Focusing on Distinct Sensor Sources
Authors: Rocha Francisco , Nogueira Bruno , Gonçalves Glauber , Silva Francisco Airton
Published: November 2023

The variety of sensors for health monitoring helps professionals in the field make decisions. For certain clinical conditions, it is interesting to monitor the patient's health after discharge. Wearable health monitoring devices (smartwatches) can send data to the hospital. However, to monitor many patients (external and internal), a resilient and high-performance computing infrastructure is required. Such characteristics require high monetary cost equipment. This paper presents an SPN (Stochastic Petri Net) model for evaluating the performance and performability of a multi-tier hospital system architecture (edge-fog-cloud). The model allows you to evaluate the Mean Response Time (MRT), resource utilization level (U), and probability of data loss (DP). A very specific characteristic is to consider two data sources (internal and external). Performance metrics are evaluated in two scenarios based on varying the number of containers for simultaneous processing in the cloud and fog. The model evaluates performability of the MRT metric over the variation of parameters that have the greatest influence on availability (container MTTF) and performance (cloud processing capacity).
Performance and Programmability of GrPPI for Parallel Stream Processing on Multi-Cores
Authors: Garcia Adriano Marques , Griebler Dalvan , Schepke Claudio , García José Daniel , Muñoz Javier Fernández , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo
Published: November 2023

GrPPI library aims to simplify the burdening task of parallel programming. It provides a unified, abstract, and generic layer while promising minimal overhead on performance.
Although it supports stream parallelism, GrPPI lacks an evaluation regarding representative performance metrics for this domain, such as throughput and latency.
This work evaluates GrPPI focused on parallel stream processing.
We compare the performance, memory usage, and programmability of GrPPI against handwritten parallel code.
For this, we use the benchmarking framework SPBench to build custom GrPPI benchmarks and benchmarks with handwritten parallel code using the same backends supported by GrPPI.
The basis of the benchmarks is real applications, such as Lane Detection, Bzip2, Face Recognizer, and Ferret.
Experiments show that while performance is competitive with handwritten code in many cases, the infeasibility of fine-tuning GrPPI is a crucial drawback.
Despite this, programmability experiments estimate that GrPPI has the potential to reduce by about three times the development time of parallel applications.
Quantum Information Geometry with the non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Tao Hong , Peng Zhao-Hui , Lu Wangjun
Published: November 2023

geometry is the application of differential geometry in statistics, where the Fisher-Rao metric serves as the Riemannian metric on the statistical manifold, providing an intrinsic property for parameter sensitivity. In this paper, we explore the Fisher-Rao metric with the non-Hermitian systems. By approximating the Lindblad master equation in the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, we calculate the time evolution of the quantum geometric metric. Finally, we give an example of the quantum spin Ising model of the imaginary magnetic field, explore the energy spectrum of PT-symmetric Hamiltonian and the evolution of geometric metric, and discuss that the dissipative effect of the imaginary magnetic field can be eliminated under the condition of adding the control Hamiltonian, so as to improve the accuracy of parameter estimation.
Neural Network Based Denoising of Regional Seismic Waveforms and Impact on Analysis of North Korean Nuclear Tests
Authors: Steinberg Andreas , Gaebler Peter , Hartmann Gernot , Lehr Johanna , Pilger Christoph
Published: November 2023

We test a deep learning based denoising autoencoder algorithm on regional and teleseismic seismological and hydroacoustic datasets, which we compile from the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation. We focus on stations which can be relevant to investigate North Korean nuclear tests. Denoising of waveform records using autoencoder techniques potentially enables improved signal detection and processing due to lowered signal-to-noise ratios.
We train and compare the performance of several different denoising autoencoder models, for short- and long waveform periods, trained on the complete station network as well as on individual stations. We investigate if the denoised waveform signals are useful for seismic source analysis and if they can still be reliably used in downstream analysis for further inferences on the seismic source type, i.e. seismic moment tensor analysis. The declared North Korean nuclear tests are a suitable benchmark test set, as they have extensively been researched and their source type and location might be assumed known. Verification of the source type is of particular interest for potential nuclear tests under international law.
We find that care needs to be taken using the denoised waveform data, as a slight bias is introduced in the seismic moment tensor analysis. However we also find promising results hinting at possible future use of the technique for standard analyses, as it improves the investigation of smaller events. Autoencoder based denoising techniques could be employed in future routine frameworks to increase earthquake catalog completeness and possibly aid in detecting smaller potential treaty relevant events.
An evaluation of operational risks for general cargo ship operators
Authors:   Department of Aviation and Maritime Transportation Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Ding Ji-Feng
Published: November 2023

As general cargo ships (GCSs) hold certain advantages over more mainstream shipping services, GCSs have a considerable degree of importance in the shipping market. This paper focuses on the use of risk evaluation procedures to perform empirical analysis of the operational risk faced by GCS operators, which is a subject that has garnered relatively little academic attention. After identifying risk factors, four risk aspects and 16 operational risk factors are determined and used to construct an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based risk matrix evaluation model. An expert questionnaire addressing both subjective and objective facets is then used to perform evaluation of the model, enabling conversion of the relative weights to risk scales. Lastly, the determination of each risk factor’s risk areas allows the proposal of risk management strategies. The results indicate that four of the risk factors are in the high risk area; these consisted of the loading stage factor “delays at port of loading,” the laden voyage stage factor “poor stowage and securing,” the laden voyage stage factor “perils of the sea,” and the discharging stage factor “delays at port of discharge.” This paper also proposes risk management strategies on the basis of the experts’ recommendations, and its findings can provide shipowners and charterers with a reference for the drafting of risk clauses when entering into a charter party.
Integrated assessment of flood and drought hazards for current and future climate in a tributary of the Mekong river basin
Authors: Penny Jessica , Khadka Dibesh , Babel Mukand , Alves Priscila , Djordjević Slobodan , Chen Albert S. , Loc Ho Huu
Published: November 2023

Projecting floods and droughts characteristics under climate change is important to formulate an integrative management plan and enhance resiliency of society. However, studies that provide the integration of floods-drought hazards are scarce within literature. This study assessed flood and drought hazards separately and together for future climate in the Mun River basin, a tributary of the Mekong river. A non-modelling and multi-variate approach was used to assess flood and drought hazard respectively. Climate model ensemble suggests that the area under ‘high’ and ‘very high’ drought hazard level will increase from 27% and 4% during baseline period (1981–2010) to 43% and 37%, respectively, during near-future period (2021–2050). Similarly, an increase in ‘high’ and ‘very high’ flood hazard from 11% and 22% during baseline period to 16% and 24% during near-future period is projected. When both hazards are considered together, the total hazard is projected to increase by 155% in the near-future period. 76% of the catchment during the near future period will have combined hazard level from ‘medium’ to ‘very high’ compared to the 30% during the baseline period. The research presents a grim outlook on for the basin, with the area at risk from both hydro-meteorological hazards.
Hydrogeochemical–geophysical investigations of groundwater quality and susceptibility potential in Ikot Ekpene–Obot Akara Local Government Areas, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ekanem Aniekan Martin , Udosen Ndifreke I.
Published: November 2023

Groundwater contamination is of global concern. The study area (Ikot Ekpene–Obot Akara Local Government Areas) continues to experience a swift increase in human population and associated economic activities, leading to the generation of more waste. The fundamental goal of this work is therefore to weigh up the groundwater standard through hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater samples and the susceptibility potential of the economically exploited aquifer units in the area. The results of the electrical geo-sounding data acquired at 28 locations in the area reveal three to four lithological successions comprising fine/coarse sands and gravels amid patches of thin clay interbeddings at several places. The primary aquifer is the third layer, which is between 10.5 and 101.5 m deep with resistivity values between 359.4 and 2,472.8 Ωm. The hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater samples in the area shows that the measured physicochemical parameters are well within the World Health Organization's acceptable limits except for lead and nickel ions. The groundwater quality and susceptibility potential maps generated seem to correlate well and clearly demarcate the poor groundwater quality/high susceptibility potential zones. These maps are useful tools that could aid policymakers in successful groundwater management in the area to meet the needs of the populace.
Biskup Ludwik Łętowski (1786-1868) i jego bibliofilskie pasje
Authors: Michalski Marcin
Published: November 2023

Artykuł ukazuje postać biskupa sufragana krakowskiego Ludwika Łętowskiego jako bibliofila. Poszukując źródeł jego umiłowania książki, zwrócono uwagę na pielęgnowanie kultury w rodzinnych kręgach, kolekcjonowanie ksiąg w bliskim otoczeniu oraz odebranej edukacji w warunkach domowych. Wkraczając w dorosłość, Łętowski miał już w pełni wykształcony zmysł bibliofilski. Tekst artykułu prezentuje znajomość wybranych przez sufragana księgozbiorów, jak i współpracę, którą nawiązywał z innymi miłośnikami książki. Burzliwe dla wielu bibliotek czasy wieku XVIII i XIX były okresem działalności wielu „książkołapów”. Spojrzenie na ich działalność zostało ukazane z perspektywy Łętowskiego, bibliofila szczególnie ceniącego zbiory kościelne i klasztorne. Treść pracy dopełnia przegląd prywatnego księgozbioru biskupa oraz jego cymeliów.
Sztuka i wiara w poglądach i twórczości Antoniego Wiwulskiego (1877-1919)
Authors: Stefański Krzysztof
Published: November 2023

Antoni Wiwulski (1877-1919) był artystą, który łączył w swojej twórczości pasję architekta i rzeźbiarza. Znany jest głównie dzięki swoim dwóm pomnikowym dziełom: krakowskiemu Pomnikowi Grunwaldzkiemu (1910) i wileńskim Trzem Krzyżom (1916). Jednak jego dorobek jest znacznie obszerniejszy i obok dzieł architektonicznych obejmuje dziesiątki mniejszych prac rzeźbiarskich. Jego twórczości nie można rozpatrywać bez bliższego spojrzenia na życie artysty i jego poglądy. Sztuka Wiwulskiego jest bowiem wyrazem złożonej osobowości ukształtowanej w toku zmiennych kolei życia, pod dużym wpływem matki i zaszczepionej mu przez nią religijności. Jego sztuka podporządkowana była podstawowym wartościom: religii i obowiązkom narodowym, czego poświadczenie można odnaleźć w bogatej pozostawionej przez niego korespondencji.
Silva rerum nowoczesnego dzieciństwa. Zalecenia dotyczące przedmiotów w otoczeniu dziecka w polskich poradnikach na początku XX w.
Authors: Bołdyrew Aneta , Nawrot Monika
Published: November 2023

Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje problem znaczenia przedmiotów w wychowaniu dzieci na początku XX w. w świetle polskich poradników dotyczących opieki i edukacji. Analizie poddano wybrane, poczytne poradniki publikowane w Królestwie Polskim (głównie w Warszawie). Przedmiotem badań są „opowieści o przedmiotach” dla dziecka oraz w otoczeniu dziecka. Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, jakie materialności i zalecenia ich dotyczące pojawiały się w poradnikach. Przedmiotem analizy jest także problem tego, jakie funkcje, zadania i znaczenia nadawano artefaktom, które przedstawiano jako przedmioty mające służyć tworzeniu wizji „nowoczesnego dzieciństwa” i „nowoczesnego rodzicielstwa”. Z powodu obszerności tematu zaprezentowane zostaną postulaty dotyczące zabawek i przedmiotów zalecanych w procesie kształcenia dziecka, głównie w środowisku domowym.
Victoria ducis pre ceteris enituit. A comparative perspective on the scene wherein Godfrey of Lorraine hews in half his opponent on the Bridge Gate of Antioch
Authors: Dźwigała Bartłomiej
Published: November 2023

This article explores the meanings attached to individual narrative elements of the tales that portray the laudable deed of Godfrey in the Bridge Gate battle (March 6, 1098). The comparative method offers deeper insight into the elaborate stories that chroniclers have told about Godfrey, who hewed in half his formidable opponent with a single blow on the bridge near beleaguered Antioch. Judging by the diversity of narratives concerning Godfrey’s deed in the Bridge Gate battle, the chroniclers sought to place this confrontation in a special dimension and to portray it as a breakthrough moment. This exaltation was also pivotal to characterizing Godfrey, who became the first ruler of the Crusaders’ kingdom after the conquest of Jerusalem.
Structure, Function, and Physicochemical Properties of Pore-forming
Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Goki Narjes Hosseini , Tehranizadeh Zeinab Amiri , Saberi Mohammad Reza , Khameneh Bahman , Bazzaz Bibi Sedigheh Fazly
Published: November 2023

abstract:

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of antimicrobial agents, possess considerable
potential to treat various microbial ailments. The broad range of activity and rare complete bacterial
resistance to AMPs make them ideal candidates for commercial development. These peptides
with widely varying compositions and sources share recurrent structural and functional features
in mechanisms of action. Studying the mechanisms of AMP activity against bacteria may lead to
the development of new antimicrobial agents that are more potent. Generally, AMPs are effective
against bacteria by forming pores or disrupting membrane barriers. The important structural
aspects of cytoplasmic membranes of pathogens and host cells will also be outlined to understand
the selective antimicrobial actions. The antimicrobial activities of AMPs are related to
multiple physicochemical properties, such as length, sequence, helicity, charge, hydrophobicity,
amphipathicity, polar angle, and also self-association. These parameters are interrelated and need
to be considered in combination. So, gathering the most relevant available information will help
to design and choose the most effective AMPs.
A Review on the Role of Phytoconstituents Chrysin on the Protective Effect
on Liver and Kidney
Authors: Sarmah Debika , Sengupta Rupa
Published: November 2023

Background:

The chance of contracting significant diseases increases due to an unhealthy
and contemporary lifestyle. Chrysin is a flavonoid of the flavone class in numerous plants, including
Passiflora and Pelargonium. Chrysin has long been used to treat a variety of illnesses. Chrysin, an
essential flavonoid, has many pharmacological actions, including anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory,
anti-arthritic, depressive, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activity.

Purpose:

This explorative review was commenced to provide a holistic review of flavonoids confirming
that Chrysin has a therapeutic potential on the liver and kidney and reduces the hepatotoxicity
and nephrotoxicity induced by diverse toxicants, which can be helpful for the toxicologists, pharmacologists,
and chemists to develop new safer pharmaceutical products with chrysin and other toxicants.

Method:

The information presented in this review is obtained using targeted searches on several
online platforms, including Google Scholar, Scifinder, PubMed, Science Direct, ACS publications,
and Wiley Online Library. The works were chosen based on the inclusion criteria agreed upon by all
authors.

Study Design:

The most relevant studies that were well-explained and fit the chosen topic best were
picked. The achieved information was analyzed to determine the outcome by screening sources by
title, abstract, and whole work. Between themselves, the writers decided on the studies to be considered.
The necessary details were systematically organized into titles and subtitles and compressively
discussed.

Results:

Chrysin is a promising bioactive flavonoid with significant health benefits, and its synthetic
replacements are being utilized as pharmaceuticals to treat various diseases. Findings revealed that
Chrysin exhibits hepatoprotective actions against several hepatotoxicants like 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-
p-dioxin, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), cisplatin, and others by lowering the levels of liver toxicity
biomarkers and enhancing antioxidant levels. Additionally, chrysin has potential nephroprotective
properties against various nephrotoxicants, like Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Paracetamol, Gentamicin,
Streptazosin, and others by dropping kidney toxicity marker levels, reducing oxidative stress, and
improving the antioxidant level.

Conclusion:

According to this revised study, chrysin is a promising phytoconstituent that can be
utilized as an alternate treatment for various medications that cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
With active chrysin, several dosage forms targeting the liver and kidneys can be formulated.
Highly Efficient and One-pot New Betti Bases: PEG-400 and Al2O3 Mediated Synthesis, Optimizations, and Cytotoxic Studies
Authors: Piludiya Reshmabanu , Kapadiya Khushal M.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have proven as one of the best alternatives
to minimize several environmental consequences, mainly the use of hazardous chemicals, byproducts,
and severe production processes. Literature reveals that MCRs with PEG-400 and metal
oxide-based greener media provide a new and useful strategy for the construction of biologically
potent organic systems.

Objective:

The present study aimed to synthesize newer Betti bases by a modified Betti reaction
employing a highly efficient catalyst for the direct synthesis of a novel class of non-racemic amino
benzyl naphthol ligands under green solvent media. The involvement of the articulated framework
(4a-4j) was studied against nine cancer panels (NCI-60 cell lines) in terms of inhibiting/killing
cancer cells.

Methods:

For the modification of the Betti reaction, we used 2-aminopyridin-3-ol, aromatic aldehydes,
and a naphthol system using greener media employing PEG-400 and alumina as a prime
active and highly selective catalyst. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity against NCI-60 human
cancer cell lines (GI50) was used for the development of pharmacologically active compounds
and exhibited the single dose (10-5 M) study.

Results:

Based on greener media synthesis, recompenses of ease of workup, less reaction time,
higher yield, and higher atom economy, as well as environmentally friendly, were reported. Betti
bases were obtained at a yield of 87-98% and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Among
the synthesized scaffolds, compound 4b was found to be extra potent in melanoma cancer [MDAMB-
435], while compound 4h showed promising inhibition in leukemic cancer cell lines [HL-
60(TB) and MOLT-4].

Conclusion:

A straightforward way for an efficient synthesis of Betti bases was developed via the
reaction of naphthol and aldehydes with amines in PEG-400 media. An Al2O3 was effectively catalyzed
in the Betti reaction in excellent yields without the formation of any other by-product in atom
economy and environmentally benign way. The newly synthesized hybrids were tested in vitro
against a panel of cancer cell lines, and some of the compounds exhibited significant inhibitory
anti-proliferative effects. The most potent compounds (4b and 4h) showed interesting results, and
compound 4b was found extra potent in melanoma cancer cell lines with -62% GI values.
In-silico Docking and Dynamics Simulation Analysis of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma and β-Carotene
Authors: Jindal Divya , Subramani Parasuraman Aiya , Panati Kalpana , Pasala Praveen Kumar , Saddala Rajeswara Reddy , Narala Venkata Ramireddy
Published: November 2023

Background:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) plays a crucial
role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, cancer, and inflammation, making it an attractive
target for drug development. Meanwhile, β-Carotene, known for its antioxidant, anticancer and antiinflammatory
properties, holds promise for modulating PPAR-γ activity. Understanding their interaction
is crucial.

Objective:

This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of β-carotene in modulating PPAR-γ
activity by investigating their binding interactions.

Methods:

Screening of bioactive compounds from PubChem was conducted using GlideXP to identify
potential PPAR-γ (PDB: 2PRG) ligands. During this screening, both protein and bioactive compounds
were prepared following established protocols. Subsequently, the compounds were docked
into the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the protein using XP docking. Rosiglitazone was used as an
internal control. β-Carotene emerged as a lead based on Lipinski’s rule, docking score, free energy,
and LBD interactions. Molinspiration analysis assessed its drug likeness. Molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations utilizing Desmond with OPLS 2005 force field were employed to examine the dynamics
and stability of the PPAR-γ/β-carotene complex.

Results:

β-carotene had strong hydrophobic interactions with specific residues within the ligandbinding
domain of PPAR-γ. The calculated binding affinity (-9.07 kcal/mol) indicated a strong interaction
between β-carotene and PPAR-γ, suggesting that β-carotene may modulate the activity of
PPAR-γ. On a time scale of 100 ns, the MD simulations provided insights into the conformational
changes, flexibility, and intermolecular interactions within the complex.

Conclusion:

In silico docking and dynamics simulation analyses show that PPAR-γ and β-carotene
can form a stable complex, suggesting potential implications for metabolic modulation.
Integrating Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomic Strategies to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanism of Paeoniflorin Exerts Antidepressant Effects
Authors: Su Lili , Wang Zixian , Guo Pengli , He Zhongmei , Li Jianming , Zhao Yan , Zong Ying , Chen Weijia , Du Rui
Published: November 2023

Background:

Paeoniflorin has been proven to have neuroprotective and antidepressant
effects in several studies. However, there is currently no comprehensive elaboration of its antidepressant
effects through network pharmacology combined with transcriptomics analysis. The purpose of
this study is to explore the potential mechanisms by which paeoniflorin exerts its antidepressant effects
using network pharmacology and transcriptomics sequencing approaches.

Methods:

We utilized metascape to enrich the intersecting targets for paeoniflorin and depression for
enrichment analyses. Additionally, we employed Cytoscape software to construct target pathway
networks. For the screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) altered by paeoniflorin, we
sequenced mRNA from the hippocampal tissue of CUMS model mice using the BMKCloud platform.
We further enriched their biological functions and signaling pathways by using the Omishare
database. The study utilized a combination of network pharmacology and transcriptomics analysis to
evaluate the interactions between paeoniflorin and key targets. The results were then verified through
a molecular docking process and a subsequent Western blot experiment.

Results:

According to a comprehensive analysis, paeoniflorin has 19 key targets that are closely
related to its therapeutic effect. Molecular docking revealed that paeoniflorin has a high affinity for
HIF-1α, VEGFA, and other targets. Furthermore, protein expression and immunofluorescence staining
analysis showed that paeoniflorin significantly increased the expression level of HIF-1α and
VEGFA in the hippocampus of depression model mice.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that paeoniflorin may have therapeutic potential in depression
through the activation of the HIF-1α-VEGFA pathway.
Diagnostic and New Therapeutic Approaches to Two Challenging
Pediatric Metabolic Bone Disorders: Hypophosphatasia and X-linked
Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Authors: Aljuraibah Fahad , Alalwan Ibrahim , Habeb Abdelhadi
Published: November 2023

The diagnosis and management of metabolic bone disease among children can be challenging.
This difficulty could be due to many factors, including limited awareness of these rare
conditions, the complex pathophysiology of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the overlapping
phenotype with more common disorders (such as rickets), and the lack of specific treatments for
these rare disorders. As a result, affected individuals could experience delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis,
leading to improper management. In this review, we describe the challenges facing diagnostic
and therapeutic approaches to two metabolic bone disorders (MBD) among children: hypophosphatasia
(HPP) and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). We focus on explaining the pathophysiological
processes that conceptually underpin novel therapeutic approaches, as well as these
conditions’ clinical or radiological similarity to nutritional rickets. Particularly in areas with limited
sun exposure and among patients not supplementing vitamin D, nutritional rickets are still
more common than HPP and XLH, and pediatricians and primary physicians frequently encounter
this disorder in their practices. More recently, our understanding of these disorders has significantly
improved, leading to the development of novel therapies. Asfotas alfa, a recombinant, human-
tissue, nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, improved the survival of patients with HPP. Burosumab,
a human monoclonal anti-FGF23 antibody, was recently approved as a specific therapy for
XLH. We also highlight the current evidence on these two specific therapies’ safety and effectiveness,
though long-term data are still needed. Both HPP and XLH are multisystemic disorders that
should be managed by multidisciplinary teams. Finally, recognizing these conditions in early
stages will enable affected children and young adults to benefit from newly introduced, specific
therapies.
Late Relapse in Neuroblastoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kebudi Rejin , Koc Begum , Oflaz Sozmen Banu
Published: November 2023

Background:

Neuroblastoma is the most com mon extra-cranial solid tu mor in children.
The survival rate of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma is dismal. Late recurrence may occur
rarely.

Case Presentation:

We have, herein, presented a case with stage IV neuroblastoma who relapsed
after 11 years and had a subsequent relapse after 15 years from the initial diagnosis, and reviewed
cases with late relapsed (after >5 years) neuroblastoma in the literature. The case presented with
recurrent disease at the T7 vertebra after 11 years from the initial diagnosis. The patient received
surgery, che motherapy, MIBG treatment, and antiGD2 combined with che motherapy, and had a
further local recurrence in the paravertebral area of the re moved T7 vertebra after three years.
The patient was operated, received anti-GD2 combined with che motherapy, and is still alive with
no symptoms for 19 months after the last relapse.

Conclusion:

There is not a well-established treatment regimen for the majority of these patients.
MIBG treatment and antiGD2 combined with che motherapy may be promising options for relapsed/
refractory neuroblastoma.
Pulmonary Hypertension associated with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Venkatesh Prashanth , Rosenzweig Erika B.
Published: November 2023

:

Pulmonary hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease is associated with significant
mortality, morbidity and health services utilization. The predominant subtype of pulmonary
hypertension in these patients is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH associated
with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) comprises up to one-third of all PAH cases globally
and is most commonly associated with anatomically simple shunt lesions. A myriad of clinical
phenotypes of PAH-CHD are seen across the spectrum of shunt size, location and directionality.
A conceptual framework to categorize these patients based on pathophysiology is described. Contemporary
data regarding the management of the varied phenotypes are reviewed, and a novel algorithm
to guide decision-making with shunt closure in patients with PAH-CHD is provided. Further
data spanning the spectrum of basic, translational and clinical science are much needed to further
inform the management of this highly complex and heterogeneous population.
CT Findings of Stage IA Ovarian Cancer: Comparison with Borderline Tumor
and Stage IC Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Cui Li Wen , Zhu Xing Hua , Fan Lu Yao , Zhang Li , Shen Zhi Yong
Published: November 2023

Background::

Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor in women. Most patients have reached the advanced stage when they visit the
hospital. In order to diagnose ovarian cancer at an early stage, treat it at an early stage, and improve the survival rate of patients, this study has used
the imaging computed tomography (CT) method to diagnose stage IA ovarian cancer.

Purpose::

The purpose of this work was to study CT features of stage IA ovarian cancer, and compare the borderline tumor and stage IC ovarian cancer at the
same time so as to improve the CT diagnosis of early ovarian cancer.

Methods::

We retrospectively collected clinical and CT data of patients with stage I ovarian cancer and borderline ovarian tumor admitted to Nantong Tumor
Hospital from 2013 to 2021. Altogether, 23 cases of patients (borderline ovarian tumor, 9 cases; stage IA ovarian cancer, 5 cases; stage IC ovarian
cancer, 9 cases) were involved. CT characteristics of these patients were analyzed in terms of the tumor diameter, cystic solid structure, solid
component, septation, enhancement, peritoneal thickening, ascites, and abdominal lymph nodes.

Results::

and enhanced cystic wall, septum, or solid components of the tumor on contrast-enhanced CT (5/5; 100%) no peritoneal thickening (0/5; 0%), no
ascites (0/5; 0%), and no abdominal lymph node enlargement (0/5; 0%). The tumor structure did not differ significantly between stage IA and IC
ovarian cancers (p > 0.05), while intraperitoneal ascites did (χ2 = 0.031; p < 0.05). Stage IA and borderline ovarian tumors did not differ
significantly in ovarian tumor structure (p > 0.05).

Conclusion::

CT features of stage IA ovarian cancer included large tumor size, cystic solid structure, septation, and enhanced cystic wall and solid parts in the
tumors. No pelvic or abdominal metastasis was observed.
Seed Oils as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Kothapalli Lata , Dhakane Tanuja , Bhosale Komal , Thomas Asha
Published: November 2023

Background:

Hyperpigmentation is a growing problem worldwide among various skin diseases and directly relates to the quality of life. The factors causing hyperpigmentation may range from
excess exposure to sunlight, pollution, underlying disease conditions, adverse effects of a medication,
modified lifestyle, and oxidative stress. Treatment includes the use of hydroquinone, retinoids, corticosteroids, and kojic acid along with anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these medications are preferred
for short-term treatment under acute conditions, while in the case of long-term treatment, botanical
extracts are a safe choice for a majority of the population for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Formulation with plant extracts/oil enriched with polyphenols, vitamin C, and vitamin E are reported to be
safe and effective in inhibiting melanogenesis.

Objective:

Seed oils composed of polyphenols, vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids were selected to
evaluate their antioxidant property and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity.

Methods:

Grape seed oil (GSO), papaya seed oil (PSO), and carrot seed oil (CSO) were evaluated for
their total phenolic and flavonoid content , in-vitro antioxidant activity was done using DPPH assay
and anti-tyrosinase activity was done usingMushroomtyrosinaseinhibition assay.

Results:

Total phenolic content for PSO was 0.936 mg/gm. Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) was highest
when compared to GSO and CSO, while CSO had a higher total flavonoid concentration, 0.945 mg/gm
as quercetin equivalent (QE). Free radical scavenging activity was comparable to standard and tyrosinase inhibitory activity for grape and carrot seed oils were 80.10 % and 76.52 % at 100µg/ml, respectively and was comparable to kojic acid used as standard.

Conclusion:

The results obtained suggest that the oils can be formulated as a topical depigmenting
product and used for skin care and skin glow
The Design and Implementation of a Wide-band Circularly Polarized
Conformal Antenna
Authors: Zheng Xiaodong , Yu Bao guo , Yang Feng , Lv Junwei
Published: November 2023

Background:

It gives out the design and verification of single-layer dual-band antenna
unit and multi-layer dual-band broadband antenna unit of phased array antenna, and verifies that
the multi-layer dual-band broadband antenna unit can meet the design requirements of the receiving
frequency band.

Objective:

It gives out the design and implementation of a wide-band circularly polarized conformal
antenna, and presents the characteristics analysis of the antenna.

Method:

Through related simulation methods, the proposed methods are verified and they can
effectively solve the array phase compensation and beam shaping and control in the wide-band
circularly polarized conformal antenna.

Results:

Based on the basic design of the antenna, the active superposition algorithm, phase compensation
technology and particle swarm optimization antenna beam shaping technology are both studied.

Conclusion:

The proposed wide-band circularly polarized conformal antenna can be used in the
actual application.
Comprehensive Study of Low-Power SRAM Design Topologies
Authors: Srivastav Anandita , Tripathi Shailendra Kumar , Tiwari Usha , Mandal Sushanta Kumar
Published: November 2023

:

The need for low power in portable and smart devices is the demand to be fulfilled for
sustaining the semiconductor industry. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is the main part
of the core design in chips. It is important to reduce the leakage power consumption during the
steady mode of the device for the long run of the battery. This article is about the study of different
modules using pre-existing low power. Application of different methods other than lowering
the supply voltage leads to an increment in the number of transistors in conventional 6T (six transistor)
SRAM cells like 7T to 14T. Power gating and the Multi-threshold complementary metal
oxide semiconductor (MTCMOS) technique is the most relevant method. Hybrid low power techniques
are in high demand because it shows better results than using individual techniques. However,
the biggest challenge is to maintain the area and delay as well. FinFET came into the scenario
to overcome the leakage power and short channel effect due to scaling in CMOS. Comparative
study analysis shows that FinFET decreases the overall power and delay even when the number of
transistors increases. A comparison was done between 6T, 8T, and 10T using FinFET and CMOS
in a paper, and concluded that FinFET shows 77.792% improved write power.