bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calorie restriction and not glucagon‐like peptide‐1 explains the acute improvement in glucose control after gastric bypass in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Steven S. , Hollingsworth K. G. , Small P. K. , Woodcock S. A. , Pucci A. , Aribasala B. , Al‐Mrabeh A. , Batterham R. L. , Taylor R.
Published: September 2016

Aims

To compare directly the impact of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion on glucose metabolism in individuals with Type 2 diabetes listed for Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery, randomized to be studied before and 7 days after undergoing Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass or after following a very‐low‐calorie diet.

Methods

A semi‐solid meal test was used to investigate glucose, insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 response. Insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose and arginine stimulus was measured. Hepatic and pancreatic fat content was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

The decrease in fat mass was almost identical in the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and the very‐low‐calorie diet groups (3.0±0.3 and 3.0±0.7kg). The early rise in plasma glucose level and in acute insulin secretion were greater after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass than after a very‐low‐calorie diet; however, the early rise in glucagon‐like peptide‐1 was disproportionately greater (sevenfold) after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass than after a very‐low‐calorie diet. This did not translate into a greater improvement in fasting glucose level or area under the curve for glucose. The reduction in liver fat was greater after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (29.8±3.7 vs 18.6±4.0%) and the relationships between weight loss and reduction in liver fat differed between the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass group and the very‐low‐calorie diet group.

Conclusions

This study shows that gastroenterostomy increases the rate of nutrient absorption, bringing about a commensurately rapid rise in insulin level; however, there was no association with the large post‐meal rise in glucagon‐like peptide‐1, and post‐meal glucose homeostasis was similar in the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and very‐low‐calorie diet groups.

(Clinical trials registry number: ISRCTN11969319.)
Development of social anxiety disorder secondary to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (the developmental hypothesis)
Authors: Koyuncu Ahmet , Alkın Tunç , Tükel Raşit
Published: September 2016

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) may develop secondary to childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) in a subgroup of the patients with SAD. Patients pass through a number of identifiable stages of developmental pathways to SAD as they grow up. Patients with ADHD have maladaptive behaviours in social settings due to the symptoms of ADHD. These behaviours are criticized by their parents and social circle; they receive insults, humiliation and bullying. After each aversive incident, the individual feels shame and guilt. A vicious cycle emerges. The patients then develop social fears and a cognitive inhibition that occurs in social situations. The inhibition increases gradually as the fear persists and the individual becomes withdrawn. Patients start to monitor themselves and to focus on others’ feedback. Finally, performative social situations become extremely stimulating for them and may trigger anxiety/panic attacks. If this hypothesis is proven, treatment of ‘patients with SAD secondary to ADHD’ should focus on the primary disease.
Pneumopericardium associated with blunt thoracic trauma in an adult horse
Authors: Castro Martins M. , Bathe A. P. , Marr C. M.
Published: September 2016

Pneumopericardium, the presence of air in the pericardial space, is a rare condition that has been well documented in human medicine and associated with several different aetiologies, most commonly trauma. We report a case of pneumopericardium after blunt chest trauma in an adult horse. The horse responded well to conservative therapy and made a full recovery.
Lameness caused by a chronic metatarsal haematoma secondary to repetitive interference injury in a Standardbred racehorse
Authors: Uprichard K. L. , Vasey J. R.
Published: September 2016

This report describes a case of chronic haematoma formation secondary to repeated hindlimb interference injuries in a 4‐year‐old Standardbred trotter racehorse. Physical examination, radiography and ultrasonographic investigations identified a firm, encapsulated soft tissue mass on the medial aspect of the left mid‐metatarsal region. After surgical removal, histopathological examination confirmed a chronic haematoma. The horse responded well to surgical management of the condition. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of surgical intervention to resolve the common problem of repetitive interference injuries in Standardbred racehorses.
Use of large‐scale veterinary data for the investigation of antimicrobial prescribing practices in equine medicine
Authors: Welsh C. E. , Parkin T. D. H. , Marshall J. F.
Published: September 2016

Background

As antimicrobial resistant bacterial strains continue to emerge and spread in human and animal populations, understanding prescription practices is key in benchmarking current performance and setting goals. Antimicrobial prescription (AP) in companion veterinary species is widespread, but is neither monitored nor restricted in the USA and Canada. The veterinary use of certain antimicrobial classes is discouraged in some countries, in the hope of preserving efficacy for serious human infections.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to ascertain the rate of prescription of a number of ‘reserved’ antimicrobials in a first‐opinion US and Canadian horse cohort, and identify trends in their empirical use.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

A large convenience sample of electronic medical records (2006–2012) was interrogated using text mining to identify enrofloxacin, clarithromycin and ceftiofur prescriptions. Time series analysis and logistic regression were used to identify trends and risk factors for prescription.

Results

Prescription of these antimicrobials as a first‐line intervention, without culture and sensitivity testing (CST), was common in this population. Enrofloxacin prescriptions were found to increase over the study period, and there was evidence of either a reducing, or static trend in the proportion of reserved APs informed by CST.

Main limitations

Dose adequacy could not be included due to the nature of the data used.

Conclusions

Empirical use of reserved antimicrobials was common in this population, and further advice and guidance should be issued to first‐opinion veterinarians to safeguard antimicrobial efficacy.
In meso crystal structure of a novel membrane‐associated octaheme cytochrome c from the Crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis
Authors: Parey Kristian , Fielding Alistair J. , Sörgel Matthias , Rachel Reinhard , Huber Harald , Ziegler Christine , Rajendran Chitra
Published: September 2016

The Crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis lives in symbiosis with Nanoarchaeum equitans providing essential cell components and nutrients to its symbiont. Ignicoccus hospitalis shows an intriguing morphology that points toward an evolutionary role in driving compartmentalization. Therefore, the bioenergetics of this archaeal host–symbiont system remains a pressing question. To date, the only electron acceptor described for I. hospitalis is elemental sulfur, but the organism comprises genes that encode for enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, e.g., one nitrate reductase and two octaheme cytochrome c, Igni_0955 (IhOCC) and Igni_1359. Herein, we detail functional and structural studies of the highly abundant IhOCC, including an X‐ray crystal structure at 1.7 Å resolution, the first three‐dimensional structure of an archaeal OCC. The trimeric IhOCC is membrane associated and exhibits significant structural and functional differences to previously characterized homologs within the hydroxylamine oxidoreductases (HAOs) and octaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductases (ONRs). The positions and spatial arrangement of the eight hemes are highly conserved, but the axial ligands of the individual hemes 3, 6 and 7 and the protein environment of the active site show significant differences. Most notably, the active site heme 4 lacks porphyrin‐tyrosine cross‐links present in the HAO family. We show that IhOCC efficiently reduces nitrite and hydroxylamine, with possible relevance to detoxification or energy conservation.

Database

Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession number 4QO5.
Information system artefact or information system application: that is the question
Authors: Iivari Juhani
Published: September 2016

Lee et al. () suggest the concept of information system (IS) artefact as an alternative to information technology (IT) artefact, defining the former as a system of an IT artefact, an information artefact and a social artefact. This paper assesses this suggestion, contrasting it with the concepts of IT artefact and IS application as introduced in the prior IS literature. After this conceptual analysis, the paper discusses the relationships between an IS artefact and design and between an IS artefact and design science. The analysis concludes that an IS artefact is problematic as a unit of design because of the great differences in the designability of its constituent parts. Instead, the paper maintains that an IS application is more appropriate as a unit of design, but an IS artefact may be fruitful as an analytical concept to be used in behavioural science research on the interplay of IT artefact, information artefact and social artefact, or – especially if including IS application design – in action research‐oriented design science research. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Influence of Age and Race on 24‐Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Responses to Valsartan, Hydrochlorothiazide, and Their Combination: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Izzo Joseph L. , Jia Yan , Zappe Dion H.
Published: September 2016

The effects of race and age on 24‐hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (maSBP) responses to sequential 4‐week periods of angiotensin receptor blocker therapy (valsartan [VAL] 160 mg/d then 320 mg/d and combination VAL/hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ] 320/12.5 mg/d) were compared in 304 patients with stage 1 or 2 hypertension. There were lesser blood pressure (BP) responses from baseline with VAL monotherapy in black than Caucasian patients (−2.9 and −4.0 mm Hg vs −8.2 and −9.3 mm Hg, respectively; P<.001 each) but VAL/HCTZ BP responses were similar in both groups (−12 vs −15 mm Hg). Participants 65 years and older had lower BP responses with VAL 160 mg/d and 320 mg/d than those younger than 65 years (−2.8 and −4.5 mm Hg vs −6.5 and −7.5 mm Hg, respectively; P<.001) but similar responses to VAL/HCTZ (−14 vs −17 mm Hg). No BP response differences were found between those older than and those younger than 55 years. The authors conclude that: (1) adding low‐dose HCTZ (12.5 mg daily) to VAL is more effective than VAL titration, irrespective of age or race, (2) VAL BP efficacy is lower in blacks than Caucasians, and (3) ARB responses are diminished in patients older than 65 years. Guidelines for stage 1 or 2 hypertension that suggest age 55 should determine initial monotherapy choice (eg, ARB vs thiazide diuretic) or that fail to recommend initial ARB‐thiazide combination therapy should be reconsidered.
Neck circumference might predict gestational diabetes mellitus in Han Chinese women: A nested case–control study
Authors: He Fang , He Hua , Liu Wenqi , Lin Junyu , Chen Bingjun , Lin Yucong , Zhao Yitao , Tao Wen , Xia Xuefeng
Published: September 2016

Aims/Introduction

A large neck circumference might be an indicator of metabolic syndrome and its components, and for certain patients is more practical as an index than waist circumference. The demarcation value for neck circumference that suggests metabolic syndrome appears to vary by ethnic group. Gestational diabetes mellitus is considered a component of metabolic syndrome in pregnant women. We investigated whether neck circumference in Han Chinese women is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy, and determined a predictive demarcation value.

Materials and Methods

A nested case–control study was carried out with 255 women aged 18–35 years. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association through a 2‐h, 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test.

Results

Of the total population, 41 (16%) women developed gestational diabetes mellitus by 24–28 weeks of gestation. Neck circumference at gestational week 16 positively correlated with pre‐pregnancy waist circumference, bodyweight and body mass index, and maternal age (P = 0.029) and hemoglobin A1c at gestational week 24 (P ≤ 0.001). By binary logistic regression, neck circumference was an independent predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 1.840, 95% confidence interval 1.040–3.254; P = 0.036). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus the optimal demarcation for neck circumference at gestational week 16 was 35.15 cm.

Conclusions

Neck circumference is a viable tool to screen for gestational diabetes mellitus. In this population of pregnant Han Chinese women, a neck circumference of ≥35.15 cm was a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Pretest‐Posttest‐Posttest Multilevel IRT Modeling of Competence Growth of Students in Higher Education in Germany
Authors: Schmidt Susanne , Zlatkin‐Troitschanskaia Olga , Fox Jean‐Paul
Published: September 2016

Longitudinal research in higher education faces several challenges. Appropriate methods of analyzing competence growth of students are needed to deal with those challenges and thereby obtain valid results. In this article, a pretest‐posttest‐posttest multivariate multilevel IRT model for repeated measures is introduced which is designed to address educational research questions according to a German research project. In this model, dependencies between repeated observations of the same students are considered not, as usual, by clustering observations within participants but rather by clustering observations within semesters. Estimation of the model is conducted within a Bayesian framework. Results indicate that competences grew over time. Gender, intelligence, motivation, and prior education could explain differences in the level of competence among business and economics students.
Daily Experiences and Relationship Well‐Being: The Paradoxical Effects of Relationship Identification
Authors: Auger Emilie , Menzies‐Toman Danielle , Lydon John E.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Even couples in healthy romantic relationships experience conflict at times. We examine whether relationship identification (the extent to which the relationship is incorporated into the self) predicts immediate reactivity to partner transgressions and also promotes global resilience over time.

Method

Sixty‐three couples participated in a 2‐week event‐contingent diary study.

Results

On a daily basis, experiencing more partner transgressions than usual predicted decreases in relationship well‐being and increases in negative affect. This within‐person association was stronger for those high in relationship identification. However, after 2 weeks, changes in global relationship evaluations of low identifiers, but not of high identifiers, were contingent on the accumulation of partner transgressions and the degree of negative affect in response to these daily transgressions.

Conclusions

This study suggests that internalizing a relationship into the self does not blind intimates to immediate negative events but rather provides a basis for their global relationship evaluations that is not contingent on recent events.
The story of cystic fibrosis 1965–2015
Authors: Massie John , Robinson Phillip J , Cooper Peter J
Published: September 2016

There have been dramatic changes in the care of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) from 1965 to 2015. The initial improvements were the result of incremental gains in medical knowledge and better use of available therapies. Some CF‐specific drugs were developed (recombinant human DNase and purified tobramycin for inhalation), but these simply delayed the progression of the lung damage. The discovery of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene in 1989 created an explosion of knowledge of airway biology and CF pathophysiology. Now mutation‐specific therapy to potentiate mutated CF transmembrane conductance regulator is available for some patients with CF and is transforming their lives. Further advances are eagerly anticipated to benefit all patients with CF.
Evaluation of the effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy dogs after a single dose and at steady‐state
Authors: Pieper J. B. , Dirikolu L. , Campbell K. L. , Li Z. , Mitchell M. A.
Published: September 2016

The aim of the study was to describe the effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy dogs when investigated as a single dose and at steady‐state. Five healthy adult dogs were used in the study in a crossover design receiving either 5 mg/kg of cyclosporin A (CsA) alone or 5 mg/kg of fluconazole with 2.5 mg/kg of cyclosporin A (CsA/Flu) for 35 days. Pharmacokinetic curves were performed on day 1 and day 35 in addition to sampling trough and suspected peak concentrations (C2) twice weekly with LC/MS/MS. There was no statistically significant difference noted in any pharmacokinetic value (AUC0‐inf. [day 1, P = 0.225], AUCtau [day 35, P = 0.225], t½ [day 1, P = 0.279; day 35, P = 0.686], and Cmax [day 1, P = 0.225; day 35, P = 0.225]) between the treatment groups by sampling day. There was a statistically significant increase in AUC (CsA P = 0.043; CsA/Flu P = 0.043) and t½ (CsA P = 0.042, CsA/Flu P = 0.042) over time within each group. There were no significant differences in the Cmax (CsA P = 0.08; CsA/Flu P = 0.08) when comparing day 1 vs. day 35. Steady‐state cyclosporine concentrations were achieved by day 10 in both groups. Subjectively, individual variability was noted among the dogs and a much larger sample size would be beneficial in a future study.
McmA‐dependent and ‐independent regulatory systems governing expression of ClrB‐regulated cellulase and hemicellulase genes in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Li Nuo , Kunitake Emi , Aoyama Miki , Ogawa Masahiro , Kanamaru Kyoko , Kimura Makoto , Koyama Yasuji , Kobayashi Tetsuo
Published: September 2016

Fungal cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are promising tools for industrial hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass; however, the regulatory network underlying their production is not well understood. The recent discovery of the transcriptional activators ClrB and McmA in Aspergillus nidulans implied a novel regulatory mechanism driven by their interaction, experimental evidence for which was obtained from transcriptional and DNA‐binding analyses in this study. It was found that ClrB was essential for induced expression of all the genes examined in this study, while McmA dependency of their expression was gene‐dependent. DNA‐binding studies revealed McmA assisted in the recruitment of ClrB to the cellulose‐responsive element (CeRE) in the promoters of eglA and eglB, expression of which was significantly reduced in the mcmA mutant. The CCG triplet within the CeRE served as the recognition sequence for the ClrB monomer. In contrast, ClrB did not require McmA for binding as a homodimer to the CGGN8CCG sequences in the promoter of mndB, expression of which was affected less in the mcmA mutant than in all other examined genes. Thus, there are two types of ClrB‐mediated regulation: McmA‐assisted and McmA‐independent. This novel McmA–ClrB synergistic system provides new insights into the complex regulatory network involved in cellulase and hemicellulase production.
Self‐Regulatory Fatigue: A Missing Link in Understanding Fibromyalgia and Other Chronic MultiSymptom Illnesses
Authors: Nes Lise Solberg , Ehlers Shawna L. , Whipple Mary O. , Vincent Ann
Published: September 2016

Objective

Patients with chronic multisymptom illnesses such as fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are experiencing a multitude of physical and mental challenges. Facing such challenges may drain capacity to self‐regulate, and research suggests patients with these illnesses may experience self‐regulatory fatigue (SRF). This study sought to examine whether SRF can be associated with quality of life (QoL) in patients with FMS.

Methods

Patients (N = 258) diagnosed with FMS completed self‐report measures related to demographics, SRF (Self‐Regulatory Fatigue 18 [SRF‐18]), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire [GAD‐7]), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9]), physical fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory [MFI]), symptoms related to FMS (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQ]), and QoL (36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey [SF‐36]).

Results

Hierarchical regressions showed higher SRF to be associated with lower QoL in terms of lower overall physical QoL, with subscales related to physical functioning, role limitations—physical, bodily pain, and general health (all P's > 0.001), as well as lower overall mental QoL, with subscales related to vitality, social functioning, role limitations—emotional, and mental health (all P's > 0.001). Including traditional predictors such as anxiety, depression, physical fatigue, and FMS‐related symptoms as covariates in the analyses reduced the link between SRF and QoL somewhat, but the associations remained generally strong, particularly for SRF and mental QoL.

Conclusion

This is the first study to show higher SRF relating to lower QoL for patients with FMS. Results suggest that SRF is distinct from anxiety, depression, and fatigue, and predicts QoL above and beyond these traditional factors in the area of chronic multisymptom illnesses such as FMS. SRF may be a “missing link” in understanding the complex nature of chronic multisymptom illnesses.
N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide diagnostic algorithm versus American Heart Association algorithm for Kawasaki disease
Authors: Dionne Audrey , Meloche‐Dumas Léamarie , Desjardins Laurent , Turgeon Jean , Saint‐Cyr Claire , Autmizguine Julie , Spigelblatt Linda , Fournier Anne , Dahdah Nagib
Published: September 2016

Background

Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) can be challenging in the absence of a confirmatory test or pathognomonic finding, especially when clinical criteria are incomplete. We recently proposed serum N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) as an adjunctive diagnostic test.

Methods

We retrospectively tested a new algorithm to help KD diagnosis based on NT‐proBNP, coronary artery dilation (CAD) at onset, and abnormal serum albumin or C‐reactive protein (CRP). The goal was to assess the performance of the algorithm and compare its performance with that of the 2004 American Heart Association (AHA)/American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) algorithm.

Results

The algorithm was tested on 124 KD patients with NT‐proBNP measured on admission at the present institutions between 2007 and 2013. Age at diagnosis was 3.4 ± 3.0 years, with a median of five diagnostic criteria; and 55 of the 124 patients (44%) had incomplete KD. CA complications occurred in 64 (52%), with aneurysm in 14 (11%). Using this algorithm, 120/124 (97%) were to be treated, based on high NT‐proBNP alone for 79 (64%); on onset CAD for 14 (11%); and on high CRP or low albumin for 27 (22%). Using the AHA/AAP algorithm, 22/47 (47%) of the eligible patients with incomplete KD would not have been referred for treatment, compared with 3/55 (5%) with the NT‐proBNP algorithm (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This NT‐proBNP‐based algorithm is efficient to identify and treat patients with KD, including those with incomplete KD. This study paves the way for a prospective validation trial of the algorithm.
Congenital heart disease at Laos Children's Hospital: Two year experience
Authors: Hwang In‐Chang , Sisavanh Malouny , Billamay Somxay , Phangmanixay Sommanikhone , Oudavong Bounleua , Kang Jeehoon , Kwon Bo Sang , Kim Gi Beom , Bae Eun Jung , Noh Chung Il , Choi Jung Yun
Published: September 2016

Background

Management of congenital heart disease (CHD) in developing countries is challenging because of limited access to health‐care facilities and socioeconomic limitations. The aim of this study was to describe the recent experience with CHD at Children's Hospital, Vientiane, Laos, the only pediatric referral hospital in the country.

Methods

From July 2013 to November 2015, 1009 echocardiograms were carried out in 797 individuals who visited Children's Hospital, in whom CHD was identified in 213. Demographic characteristics, echocardiography and age at first CHD diagnosis on echocardiogram were compared by residential area.

Results

Among the 213 patients, the most frequent anomalies, in descending order, were ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot. Moderate or severe CHD requiring surgery or intervention was detected in 137 patients; median age at initial diagnosis was 6.0 months (IQR, 1.5–29.8). Among those with moderate or severe CHD, 89 patients were from rural areas and 48 from the capital area. The proportion of patients from rural areas older than 1 and 3 years at diagnosis was 46.1% and 32.6%, respectively. In contrast, patients from the capital area were diagnosed at a significantly earlier age: 16.7% at age >1 year and 6.2% at age >3 years (both P < 0.001 vs rural areas).

Conclusions

Diagnosis of CHD requiring surgery is delayed in Laos, especially in rural areas. Better education and training of local medical staff, and greater access to medical advice are required to improve CHD care in Laos.
Pneumococcal vaccination reduces the risk of community‐acquired pneumonia in children
Authors: Hasegawa Junko , Mori Mitsuru , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Tsugawa Takeshi , Hori Tsukasa , Yoto Yuko , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki
Published: September 2016

Background

The seven‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, after which there was a rapid decline in invasive pneumococcal disease. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). We conducted an ambispective cohort study among children aged 0–6 years old who attended day‐care centers.

Methods

A total of 624 children at 10 day‐care centers in Sapporo, Japan participated in the study. The parents reported whether their child had received PCV7 one or more times, as well as the exact dates of vaccination from records in maternal and child health handbooks marked by pediatricians. Each CAP event was reported by parents according to doctor diagnosis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI of CAP incidence reduced by PCV7 inoculation.

Results

During the observational period, 94 subjects contracted CAP. After adjusting for potentially confounding variables, inoculation with PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CAP (HR, 0.22; 95%CI: 0.13–0.34). On stratified analysis by age, PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CAP in both children aged <3 years (HR, 0.31; 95%CI: 0.14–0.71), and those ≥3 years (HR, 0.20; 95%CI: 0.09–0.43).

Conclusion

PCV7 is highly effective in reducing the risk of CAP in children attending day‐care centers.
Efficient Multi‐Attribute Multi‐Unit Auctions for B2B E‐Commerce Logistics
Authors: Xu Su Xiu , Huang George Q.
Published: September 2016

This study is the first proposing allocatively efficient multi‐attribute auctions for the procurement of multiple items. In the B2B e‐commerce logistics problem (ELP), the e‐commerce platform is the shipper generating a large number of online orders between product sellers and buyers, and third‐party logistics (3PL) providers are carriers that can deliver these online orders. This study focuses on the ELP with multiple attributes (ELP‐MA), which is generally the problem of matching the shipper's online orders and 3PL providers given that price and other attributes are jointly evaluated. We develop a one‐sided Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (O‐VCG) auction for the ELP‐MA. The O‐VCG auction leads to incentive compatibility (on the sell side), allocative efficiency, budget balance, and individual rationality. We next introduce the concept of universally unsatisfied set to construct a primal‐dual algorithm, also called the primal‐dual Vickrey (PDV) auction. We prove that the O‐VCG auction can be viewed as a single‐attribute multi‐unit forward Vickrey (SA‐MFV) auction. Both PDV and SA‐MFV auctions realize VCG payments and truthful bidding for general valuations. This result reveals the underlying link not only between single‐attribute and multi‐attribute auctions, but between static and dynamic auctions in a multi‐attribute setting.
Parental socioeconomic status and child intellectual functioning in a Norwegian sample
Authors: Eilertsen Thomas , Thorsen Anders Lillevik , Holm Silje Elisabeth Hasmo , Bøe Tormod , Sørensen Lin , Lundervold Astri J.
Published: September 2016

Socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood has been linked to cognitive function and future academic and occupational success in studies from several countries. However, previous Nordic studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the strength of this link. We therefore investigated the association between SES and cognitive functioning in a sample of 255 Norwegian children, including 151 typically developing children and 104 children with a psychiatric diagnosis. The third edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC‐III) to assess cognitive function was used. SES was defined from maternal and paternal education and family income of typically developing children and of a subsample of children with a psychiatric diagnosis. Multiple adjusted regression analyses were used to investigate the relation between SES and cognitive functioning. The analyses showed that SES explained a significant part of the variance of the full‐scale WISC‐III score and two WISC‐III indices (Verbal Comprehension and Freedom from Distractibility). Overall, the strength of the relations was weaker than expected from reports from other non‐Nordic countries. Parental education was the only significant individual predictor, suggesting that income was of minor importance as a predictor of cognitive functioning. Further studies should investigate how diverse political and socioeconomic contexts influence the relation between SES and cognitive functioning.
Supraspinal control of spinal reflex responses to body bending during different behaviours in lampreys
Authors: Hsu Li‐Ju , Zelenin Pavel V. , Orlovsky Grigori N. , Deliagina Tatiana G.
Published: September 2016

Key points

Spinal reflexes are substantial components of the motor control system in all vertebrates and centrally driven reflex modifications are essential to many behaviours, but little is known about the neuronal mechanisms underlying these modifications.

To study this issue, we took advantage of an in vitro brainstem–spinal cord preparation of the lamprey (a lower vertebrate), in which spinal reflex responses to spinal cord bending (caused by signals from spinal stretch receptor neurons) can be evoked during different types of fictive behaviour.

Our results demonstrate that reflexes observed during fast forward swimming are reversed during escape behaviours, with the reflex reversal presumably caused by supraspinal commands transmitted by a population of reticulospinal neurons.

NMDA receptors are involved in the formation of these commands, which are addressed primarily to the ipsilateral spinal networks.

In the present study the neuronal mechanisms underlying reflex reversal have been characterized for the first time.

Spinal reflexes can be modified during different motor behaviours. However, our knowledge about the neuronal mechanisms underlying these modifications in vertebrates is scarce. In the lamprey, a lower vertebrate, body bending causes activation of intraspinal stretch receptor neurons (SRNs) resulting in spinal reflexes: activation of motoneurons (MNs) with bending towards either the contralateral or ipsilateral side (a convex or concave response, respectively). The present study had two main aims: (i) to investigate how these spinal reflexes are modified during different motor behaviours, and (ii) to reveal reticulospinal neurons (RSNs) transmitting commands for the reflex modification. For this purpose in in vitro brainstem–spinal cord preparation, RSNs and reflex responses to bending were recorded during different fictive behaviours evoked by supraspinal commands. We found that during fast forward swimming MNs exhibited convex responses. By contrast, during escape behaviours, MNs exhibited concave responses. We found RSNs that were activated during both stimulation causing reflex reversal without initiation of any specific behaviour, and stimulation causing reflex reversal during escape behaviour. We suggest that these RSNs transmit commands for the reflex modification. Application of the NMDA antagonist (AP‐5) to the brainstem significantly decreased the reversed reflex, suggesting involvement of NMDA receptors in the formation of these commands. Longitudinal split of the spinal cord did not abolish the reflex reversal caused by supraspinal commands, suggesting an important role for ipsilateral networks in determining this type of motor response. This is the first study to reveal the neuronal mechanisms underlying supraspinal control of reflex reversal.
Entre inseguridad y nomadismo: la maleta como símbolo y objeto de globalización
Authors: Durante Erica
Published: September 2016

La maleta es un objeto definitorio de la aeromovilidad contemporánea, el cual remite simultáneamente a varios aspectos del mundo globalizado (conectividad, nomadismo, fluidez) y a sus derivas (factores de riesgo, exceso de seguridad). A partir de las tesis de Appadurai y Latour, analizaremos este objeto a través de un corpus internacional de películas y textos literarios recientes (Benítez Reyes, Bradford, Fresán, Fuguet, Gamboa, Halfon, Muñoz Molina, Neuman, Pamuk, Serrano Larraz, Tesich) considerando el valor ontológico, simbólico y poético de este “casi objeto” de nuestra cultura material.
Entrando en materia: novela, poesía y cultura material en El ruido de las cosas al caer
Authors: González Aníbal
Published: September 2016

Este ensayo reflexiona sobre el papel simbólico de los objetos materiales en la novela El ruido de las cosas al caer de Juan Gabriel Vásquez y su relación con las referencias a la poesía en el texto.  El ensayo argumenta que esta novela examina los límites de la representación realista en la novela, invitando al lector a una reflexión sobre el carácter móvil y fluido de las cosas, los objetos que nos rodean, los cuales pese a su materialidad no necesariamente constituyen puntos de apoyo firmes para la construcción de un relato veraz.  La poesía surge entonces en el seno de la novela como un elemento añadido que intenta suplementar la “fluidez” de las cosas mediante el artificio de la forma poética.
La literatura brasileña contemporánea y su crítica
Authors: Schøllhammer Karl Erik
Published: September 2016

El ensayo se propone mostrar que existen ejemplos en la literatura contemporánea de escenarios para la relación Mundo y Nación que escapan al modelo occidental de centro y periferia, de influencia y autonomía y de sumisión y resistencia. Sugiere que el desafío para el escritor brasileño contemporáneo es tratar los temas nacionales con un sentimiento que se alimenta de una cierta intimidad global y de una visión, o un Imaginario Global, cuyo perspectivismo refleja la inserción de Brasil en el panorama mundial. 
Materialismo, realismo y prosaísmo en la joven poesía latinoamericana de los noventa
Authors: Guerrero Gustavo
Published: September 2016

El objetivo de este ensayo es examinar las particularidades que presenta el tópico de las relaciones entre las palabras y las cosas en algunos jóvenes poetas latinoamericanos que empiezan a darse a conocer en los años noventa del siglo pasado. Todos los que aquí se estudian dan cuenta del cambio cultural que se produce durante esa década a través de una poética materialista, realista y prosaica cuyo fuerte acento crítico cuestiona los rumbos de unas sociedades en las que el neoliberalismo y los simulacros mediáticos gobiernan un presente que se vuelve perpetuo y secuestra la idea de porvenir.
LA CONEXIDAD CONTRACTUAL Y LOS EFECTOS RELATIVOS DE LOS NEGOCIOS JURÍDICOS APLICADOS A LOS CONTRATOS DE PAQUETES TURÍSTICOS EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Cataño-Berrío Sandra Eliana , Wills-Betancur Luz María
Published: September 2016

Este artículo tiene como propósito evidenciar la configuración de una nueva excepción al efecto relativo de los negocios jurídicos, mediante el análisis de la figura de la contratación conexa aplicada a los contratos de paquetes turísticos celebrados en Colombia. Para ello se realiza, en primer lugar, un acercamiento a las relaciones que se establecen en la conexidad contractual, entre empresarios y con los usuarios. En segundo lugar, se presenta una caracterización del contrato de paquete turístico en Colombia. Para concluir, en tercer lugar, con un análisis de la relatividad de los efectos de los negocios en los contratos conexos de servicios turísticos. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa documental que privilegia el uso de fuentes primarias de información, mediante las cuales se presentan las complejidades de este fenómeno de la contratación privada contemporánea, las discusiones sobre los alcances de los efectos del negocio jurídico de servicios turísticos y la tendencia hacia una mayor protección de los usuarios y consumidores, que podría estar originando una nueva excepción a la relatividad negocial. 
Residual Winding Stresses Due to Spatial Web Thickness Variation
Authors: Good J. K. , Mollamahmutoglu C. , Markum R. , Gale J. W.
Published: September 2016

At the end of roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing process machines, the web substrate must be wound into rolls. Winding is the only means known to store and protect vast lengths of very thin webs for subsequent processing. Web thickness variation in wound rolls is a root cause of large manufacturing loss due to residual stress-related defects. Minute thickness variations down the length and across the web width can induce large residual stress variations and defects within the roll. Winding models allow the exploration of winding residual stresses whose variation has been affected by web thickness or coating imperfections. Knowledge of these stresses is used to mitigate manufacturing defects. Spot web thickness sensors are employed in R2R process lines that scan over the web width while the web is moving downstream through the process machine. Spatially, this provides a measure of web thickness in a zig-zag pattern. During manufacturing, the thickness variation is used as a control feedback parameter to manipulate a forming or coating die lip to reduce the web or coated web thickness variation. The thickness variation acceptable in process may be very different than that which is acceptable based on the residual stresses in the wound roll. It will be determined whether the thickness test data captured spatially for process feedback are sufficient to characterize the residual stresses in the wound roll. A winding model will be developed and verified that is used to characterize these residual stresses.
Motor Skill Retention Is Modulated by Strategy Choice During Self-Controlled Knowledge of Results Schedules
Authors: Carter Michael , Rathwell Scott , Ste-Marie Diane
Published: September 2016

Investigations into the strategies that are used by participants when they control their knowledge of results (KR) schedule during practice have predominantly relied on multiple-choice questionnaires. More recently, open-ended questions have been used to allow participants to produce their own descriptions rather than selecting a strategy from a predetermined list. This approach has in fact generated new information about the cognitive strategies used by learners to request KR during practice (e.g., Laughlin et al., 2015). Consequently, we examined strategy use in self-controlled KR learning situations using open-ended questions at two different time points during practice. An inductive thematic content analysis revealed five themes that represented participants’ unique strategies for requesting KR. This analysis identified two dominant KR strategies: “establish a baseline understanding” in the first half of practice and “confirm a perceived good trial” in the second half of practice. Both strategies were associated with superior retention compared with a yoked group, a group that was unable to engage in KR request strategies because KR was imposed rather than chosen. Our results indicate that the learning advantages of self-controlled KR schedules over yoked schedules may not only depend on what strategy is used, but also when it is used.
Genome Sequence of Avian Escherichia coli Strain IHIT25637, an Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli Strain of ST131 Encoding Colistin Resistance Determinant MCR-1
Authors: Ewers Christa , Göttig Stephan , Bülte Maria , Fiedler Sophie , Tietgen Manuela , Leidner Ursula , Heydel Carsten , Bauerfeind Rolf , Semmler Torsten
Published: September 2016

Sequence type 131 (ST131) is one of the predominant
Escherichia coli
lineages among extraintestinal pathogenic
E. coli
(ExPEC) that causes a variety of diseases in humans and animals and frequently shows multidrug resistance. Here, we report the first genome sequence of an ST131-ExPEC strain from poultry carrying the plasmid-encoded colistin resistance gene
mcr-1
.
H9N2 Influenza A Virus Isolated from a Greater White-Fronted Wild Goose (
Anser albifrons
) in Alaska Has a Mutation in the PB2 Gene, Which Is Associated with Pathogenicity in Human Pandemic 2009 H1N1
Authors: Reeves Andrew B. , Ip Hon S.
Published: September 2016

We report here the genomic sequence of an H9N2 influenza A virus [A/greater white-fronted goose/Alaska/81081/2008 (H9N2)]. This virus shares ≥99.8% identity with a previously reported virus. Both strains contain a G590S mutation in the polymerase basic 2 (PB2) gene, which is a pathogenicity marker in the pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus when combined with R591.
First Complete Genome Sequence of the Skin-Improving Lactobacillus curvatus Strain FBA2, Isolated from Fermented Vegetables, Determined by PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology
Authors: Nakano Kazuma , Shiroma Akino , Tamotsu Hinako , Ohki Shun , Shimoji Makiko , Ashimine Noriko , Shinzato Misuzu , Minami Maiko , Nakanishi Tetsuhiro , Teruya Kuniko , Satou Kazuhito , Suzuki Chise , Kimoto-Nira Hiromi , Kobayashi Miho , Mizumachi Koko , Aoki Reiji , Miyata Satoshi , Yamamoto Kazue , Ohtake Yasuyuki , Eguchi-Ogawa Tomoko , Moriya Naoko , Hagi Tatsuro , Nomura Masaru , Hirano Takashi
Published: September 2016

The first complete genome sequence of
Lactobacillus curvatus
was determined by PacBio RS II. The single circular chromosome (1,848,756 bp, G+C content of 42.1%) of
L. curvatus
FBA2, isolated from fermented vegetables, contained low G+C regions (26.9% minimum) and 43 sets of >1,000-bp identical sequence pairs. No plasmids were detected.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Putten Strain CRJJGF_00159 (Phylum
Gammaproteobacteria
)
Authors: Gupta Sushim K. , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Jackson Charlene R. , Desai Prerak T. , Porwollik Steffen , McCleland Michael , Hiott Lari M. , Humayoun Shaheen B. , Frye Jonathan G.
Published: September 2016

Here, we report a 4.90 Mbp draft genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Putten strain CRJJGF_00159 isolated from food animal in 2004.
Draft Genome Sequence of Methanohalophilus mahii Strain DAL1 Reconstructed from a Hydraulic Fracturing-Produced Water Metagenome
Authors: Lipus Daniel , Vikram Amit , Ross Daniel E. , Bibby Kyle
Published: September 2016

We report here the 1,882,100-bp draft genome sequence of
Methanohalophilus mahii
strain DAL1, recovered from Marcellus Shale hydraulic fracturing-produced water using metagenomic contig binning. Genome annotation revealed several key methanogenesis genes and provides valuable information on archaeal activity associated with hydraulic fracturing-produced water environments.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium columnare Pf1
Authors: Zhang Yulei , Nie Pin , Lin Li
Published: September 2016

Flavobacterium columnare
is the etiologic agent of columnaris disease, a devastating fish disease prevailing in worldwide aquaculture industry. Here, we describe the complete genome of
F. columnare
strain Pf1, a highly virulent strain isolated from yellow catfish (
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
) in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Psychrophilic Gliding Species Gelidibacter algens ACAM 536
Authors: Bowman John P.
Published: September 2016

A draft genome sequence was obtained from the type strain of
Gelidibacter algens
(ACAM 536). This species was isolated from sea-ice diatom assemblages collected from Ellis Fjord, Eastern Antarctica. The genome of ACAM 536 is a single circular chromosome with an estimated size of 4.50 Mbp.
Draft Genome Sequence of Biocontrol Agent Bacillus cereus UW85
Authors: Lozano Gabriel L. , Holt Jonathan , Ravel Jacques , Rasko David A. , Thomas Michael G. , Handelsman Jo
Published: September 2016

Bacillus cereus
UW85 was isolated from a root of a field-grown alfalfa plant from Arlington, WI, and identified for its ability to suppress damping off, a disease caused by
Phytophthora megasperma
f. sp.
medicaginis
on alfalfa. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
B. cereus
UW85, obtained by a combination of Sanger and Illumina sequencing.
Complete Genome Sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus ZJ-T
Authors: Deng Yiqin , Chen Chang , Zhao Zhe , Huang Xiaochun , Yang Yiying , Ding Xiongqi
Published: September 2016

Vibrio alginolyticus
is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium which is normally distributed in the coastal and estuarine environments. It has been suggested to be an opportunistic pathogen to both marine animals and humans, Here, the completed genome sequence of
V. alginolyticus
ZJ-T was determined by Illumina high-throughput sequencing.
Idiopathic subvalvular aortic aneurysm masquerading as acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Natarajan Balaji , Ramanathan Sundar , Subramaniam Natarajan , Janardhanan Rajesh
Published: September 2016

Subvalvular aneurysms are the least common type of left ventricular (LV) aneurysms and can be fatal. Subaortic LV aneurysms are much rarer than submitral LV aneurysms and mostly reported in infancy. They can be congenital or acquired secondary to infections, cardiac surgery or trauma. Here, we report a unique presentation of a large, idiopathic subaortic aneurysm in an adult masquerading as an acute coronary syndrome. Diagnosis was made with the help of a CT aortography. Aneurysm was surgically resected with good results. This case highlights the clinical presentation and management of subaortic aneurysms, an important differential for congenital aortic malformations.
Ethiopian-Israeli community
Authors: Cohen Jonah B
Published: September 2016

The Ethiopian-Jewish community in Israel is an immigrant population numbering 131 400 as of 2012. Many arrived from 1980 to 1992 by airborne operations coordinated by the Israeli government. Immigration was prompted by Israeli recognition of the community's Jewish citizenship eligibility status. This period in Israel's history saw the First Lebanon War, the First Intifada, the Gulf War and the beginning of Soviet Jewish immigration. The Ethiopian community faced difficult integration, cross-cultural misunderstandings and the development of chronic disease, due to lifestyle changes and differences in cultural beliefs. These factors significantly affect the community's health. Governmental and non-governmental organisations have sought to improve the quality of life for Ethiopian Israelis through empowerment and education. Enhancing societal integration, augmenting cross-cultural communication and understanding and instituting community-based health projects are essential in improving the health of this community. Successful healthcare intervention requires a biopsychosocial model of analysis and usage of a culturally appropriate context.