bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earnings management: Are men from Mars and women from Venus?
Authors: Kumar Sonal , Ravi Rahul
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Research on gender and finance finds that women chief executive officers (CEOs) are relatively risk-averse and more ethical than their male counterparts. These differences are often presented as reasons for lower earnings management by firms led by women. A strand of contrasting literature however finds the notions of women being risk-averse and ethical not necessarily true for women occupying top leadership positions as women successful in shattering the glass ceiling adopt behaviors like men. This study attempts to understand the differences between the ethical tendencies of the two genders by examining if CEO power impacts the relation between CEO gender and earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors begin the analysis using standard regressions using the propensity score matched (PSM) samples and examine if CEO power mediates or amplifies relationship between CEO gender and earnings management. The authors use ordinary least squares (OLS) regression approach and instrumental variables (IV) estimation to address the endogeneity concerns.

Findings

This study’s results suggest that the relationship between CEO gender and earnings management is mediated by CEO power. The authors find that women CEOs with lower power engage in lower earnings management. However, women CEOs with more power tend to engage in greater levels of earnings management than their male counterparts.

Originality/value

This study contributes the finance literature by showing women leaders successful in occupying top leadership positions are not necessarily more risk averse and more ethical. Less powerful women CEOs are subjected to potentially higher levels of scrutiny and are forced into an environment where they have to be seen as ethical. However, powerful women face the same concerns as their male counterparts and not necessarily more ethical.
Methylarsenite is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic disrupting cell wall biosynthesis and cell membrane potential
Authors: Huang Ke , Liu Wei , Zhao Fang‐Jie
Published: December 2022

Methylarsenite (MAs(III)), a product of arsenic biomethylation or bioreduction of methylarsenate (MAs(V)), has been proposed as a primitive antibiotic. However, the antibacterial property and the bactericidal mechanism of MAs(III) remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that MAs(III) is highly toxic to 14 strains of bacteria, especially against 9 strains of Gram‐positive bacteria with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the sub micromolar range for Staphyloccocus aureus, Microbacterium sp., Pseudarthrobacter siccitolerans and several Bacillus species. In a co‐culture of B. subtilis 168 and MAs(III)‐producer Enterobacter sp. CZ‐1, the later reduced non‐toxic MAs(V) to highly toxic MAs(III) to kill the former and gain a competitive advantage. MAs(III) induced autolysis of B. subtilis 168. Deletion of the autolysins LytC, LytD, LytE, and LytF suppressed MAs(III)‐induced autolysis in B. subtilis 168. Transcriptomic analysis showed that MAs(III) downregulated the expression of the major genes involved in the biosynthesis of the cell wall peptidoglycan. Overexpression of an UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase gene murAA alleviated MAs(III)‐induced autolysis in B. subtilis 168. MAs(III) disrupted the membrane potential of B. subtilis 168 and caused severe membrane damage. The results suggest that MAs(III) is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic preferentially against Gram‐positive bacteria by disrupting the cell wall biosynthesis pathway and cell membrane potential.
Efficacy of Pneumatophorus japonicus meat as an iron fortificant in whole‐wheat flour in preventing iron deficiency
Authors: Tan Beibei , Sun Bolun , Yang Changjie , Li Chao , Zhang Jinjie , Yang Wenge
Published: December 2022

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health concern affecting one‐third of the world's population, particularly those dominated by plant‐based food. Fortifying staple foods with iron has been an effective strategy for preventing IDA. Pneumatophorus japonicus is an essential economic fish in China. Pneumatophorus japonicus dark meat is usually underutilized as a byproduct, though it contains bounteous nutrients, including heme iron (10.50 mg/100 g). This study aimed to investigate the iron bioavailability of P. japonicus dark meat and to evaluate its potential as an iron fortifier for whole‐wheat flour, a typical staple food, using an in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 cell culture system. Our results suggested the excellent iron bioavailability of P. japonicus dark meat in comparison with beef (a heme dietary iron reference), whole‐wheat flour (a non‐heme dietary iron reference), and FeSO4 (a conventional iron supplement). The addition of P. japonicus dark meat notably enhanced iron solubility, bioavailability, and protein digestibility of whole‐wheat flour. The flour‐dark meat mixture yielded 1.96 times the iron bioavailability compared to beef per gram. The iron bioavailability was further improved by adding vitamin C, a commonly used dietary factor, at the Vc/iron mass ratio of 2:100‐5:100. Our findings reveal the promise of P. japonicus dark meat as a significant source of bioavailable iron, providing a basis for developing fish byproducts as alternatives for iron supplementation.

Practical Application

This study investigated the iron bioavailability of Pneumatophorus japonicus meat using in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 cell culture system. These results could be used to improve the utilization of Pneumatophorus japonicus byproduct (dark meat) and develop the potential of the byproduct as an iron fortifier for whole‐wheat flour.
Mechanisms of the different effects of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and a glucose–fructose mixture on wheat starch gelatinization, pasting, and retrogradation
Authors: Woodbury Travest J. , Pitts Sarah L. , Pilch Adrianna M. , Smith Paige , Mauer Lisa J.
Published: December 2022

The gelatinization, pasting, and retrogradation of starch influence texture, quality, and shelf‐life attributes of many foods. The purpose of this work was to document the effects of a 50:50 glucose:fructose (glc:fru) mixture and sucrose solutions on these starch traits to provide a fundamental basis to explain the different texture and shelf‐life attributes of baked goods formulated with these sugars. Differential scanning calorimetry, rapid visco analyzer, and oscillatory rheometry were used to quantify the effects of glucose, fructose, glc:fru mixture, and sucrose at different concentrations (0% to 60% w/w), on the gelatinization temperature, pasting, and retrogradation properties of wheat starch. Distinct differences were found between the effects of sucrose and those of the monosaccharides including the glc:fru mixture. Sucrose elevated Tgel and pasting temperature most and decreased other RVA parameters compared to the monosaccharides as concentration increased. Fructose and the glc:fru mixture promoted amylopectin retrogradation, while retrogradation was inhibited in sucrose and glucose solutions. The glc:fru mixture had similar effects on starch properties compared to fructose under static measurement conditions (DSC), and the effects were in between those of glucose and fructose under dynamic conditions when shear was applied (RVA and rheology). These effects are explained by the phase separation and/or solute partitioning of the monosaccharide constituents of the glc:fru mixture. Sugar solution physicochemical properties correlated strongly with starch gelatinization and retrogradation. The results substantiate the important relationship between sugar physicochemical properties and solution dynamics with starch thermal properties, which in turn affect the texture and structure of starch‐containing food products.

Practical Application

The quality attributes of starch‐containing baked goods are influenced by how different amounts and types of sugars affect starch cooking properties. The underlying mechanisms of the different sugar effects involve solution viscosity, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and phase separation. Substituting one sugar for another has less effect on these starch properties in products with lower sugar concentrations than in products with more sugar. Mixtures of sugars behave differently than single sugars in different conditions due to phase separation. Baked goods made with glucose:fructose mixtures in place of sucrose likely have higher amounts of gelatinized starch and increased firmness (i.e., staling or retrogradation) over time.
Conformation and energy investigation of microtubule longitudinal dynamic instability induced by natural products
Authors: Chu Yanyan , Tian Zhenhua , Yang Mengke , Li Wenbao
Published: December 2022

The natural products plinabulin, docetaxel, and vinblastine are microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). They have been used alone or in combination in cancer treatment. However, the exact nature of their effects on microtubule (MT) polymerization dynamics is poorly understood. To elucidate the longitudinal conformational and energetic changes during MT dynamics, a total of 140 ns molecular dynamic simulations combined with binding free energy calculations were performed on seven tubulin models. The results indicated that the drugs disrupted MT polymerization by altering both MT conformation and binding free energy of the neighboring tubulin subunits. The combination of plinabulin and docetaxel destabilized MT polymerization due to bending MT and weakening the polarity of tubulin polymerization. The new combination of docetaxel and vinblastine synergistically enhanced MT depolymerization and bending, while plinabulin and vinblastine had no synergistic inhibitory effects. The results were verified by the tubulin assembly assay. Our study obtained a comprehensive understanding of the action mechanisms of three natural drugs and their combinations on MT dynamic, provided theoretical guidance for new MTA combinations, and would promote the optimal use of MTA and contribute to developing new MTAs as anticancer agents.
Subtypes of mathematical learning disability and their antecedents: A cognitive diagnostic approach
Authors: Ouyang Xiangzi , Zhang Xiao , Räsänen Pekka , Koponen Tuire , Lerkkanen Marja‐Kristiina
Published: December 2022

Using cognitive diagnostic modeling (CDM), this study identified subtypes of mathematics learning disability (MLD) based on children's numerical skills and examined the language and spatial precursors of these subtypes. Participants were 99 MLD children and 420 low achievers identified from 1839 Finnish children (966 boys) who were followed from preschool (age 6) to fourth grade (2007–2011). Five subtypes were identified: the arithmetic fluency deficit only subtype, the counting deficit subtype, the pervasive deficit subtype, the symbolic deficit subtype, and the counting and concept deficit subtype. Different subtypes depended on different constellations of language and spatial deficits. Findings highlight the effectiveness of CDM in identifying MLD subtypes and underscore the importance of understanding the specific deficits and antecedents of the subtypes.
Clinical, methodology, and patient/carer expert advice in pediatric drug development by conect4children
Authors: Cheng Katharine , Mahler Fenna , Lutsar Irja , Nafria Escalera Begonya , Breitenstein Stefanie , Vassal Gilles , Claverol Joana , Noel Palacio Nuria , Portman Ron , Pope Gavin , Bakker Martijn , van der Geest Tessa , Turner Mark A. , de Wildt Saskia N. ,   c4c Expert Group Leads
Published: December 2022

Many medicines are used “off‐label” in children outside the terms of the license. Feasible pediatric clinical trials are a challenge to design. Conect4children (c4c) is an Innovative Medicines Initiative project to set up a pan‐European pediatric clinical trial network aiming to facilitate the development of new medicines for children. To optimize pediatric trial development by promoting innovative trial design, c4c set up a European multidisciplinary advice service, including the voice of young patients and families, tailored to industry and academia. A network of experts was established to provide multidisciplinary advice to trial sponsors. Experts were selected to join clinical and innovative methodology expert groups. A patient and public involvement (PPI) database, to include the expert opinion of patients and parents/carers was formed. A stepwise process was developed: (1) sponsors contact c4c, (2) scoping interview takes place, (3) ad hoc advice group formed, (5) advice meeting held, and (6) advice report provided. Feedback on the process was collected. Twenty‐four clinical and innovative methodology expert groups (>400 experts) and a PPI database of 135 registrants were established. As of September 30, 2022, 36 advice requests were received, with 25 requests completed. Clinical and methodology experts and PPI representatives participated in several advice requests. Sponsors appreciated the advice quality and the multidisciplinary experts from different countries, including experts not known before. Experts and PPI participants were generally satisfied with the process. The c4c project has shown successful proof of concept for a service that presents a new framework to plan innovative and feasible pediatric trials.
The vicious circle of UHRF1 down‐regulation and KEAP1/NRF2/HO‐1 pathway impairment promotes oxidative stress‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis in diabetes
Authors: Guo Zi , Wan Xinxing , Luo Yufang , Liang Fang , Jiang Siwei , Yuan Xiuhong , Mo Zhaohui
Published: December 2022

Background

Oxidative stress is recognized as a key factor in the induction of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. However, the specific mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We herein hypothesized that ubiquitin‐like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) might have a role in oxidative stress‐induced endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis in diabetes.

Methods

Western blot, qPCR, wound healing assay, apoptosis assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, dual‐luciferase reporter assay, methylation‐specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were performed.

Results

UHRF1 expression levels were significantly decreased in endothelial colony‐forming cells derived from peripheral blood of participants with type 2 diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes. ECs treated with high glucose, palmitate or hydrogen peroxide in vitro also exhibited decreased UHRF1 protein levels. Silencing of UHRF1 led to decreased migration ability and increased apoptosis and ROS production in ECs, which might be related to impaired Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2)/haeme oxygenase‐1 pathway. Mechanistically, UHRF1 is closely implicated in epigenetic regulation of chromatin modification status at KEAP1 genomic locus via histone acetylation. NRF2 down‐regulation in turn inhibits UHRF1 protein level, which might be due to increased ROS generation.

Conclusion

Diabetes‐induced oxidative stress can mediate down‐regulation of UHRF1, which enhances ROS production by regulating KEAP1/p‐NRF2 pathway through histone acetylation and might also form a self‐perpetuating feedback loop with KEAP1/p‐NRF2 to further promote oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis of ECs in diabetes.
Global burden of gout in 1990–2019: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2019
Authors: Jeong Yeon Jae , Park Seoyeon , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Tizaoui Kalthoum , Koyanagi Ai , Jacob Louis , Kostev Karel , Dragioti Elena , Radua Joaquim , Stickley Andrew , Oh Hans , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Although gout is one of the most common rheumatic diseases, world data are lacking because most studies have focused on industrialized countries. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the global burden of gout and its associations with the year of diagnosis, age, geographical region, sociodemographic status and various further risk factors.

Methods

Retrospective data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) were used, initially collected between 1990 and 2019. Raw numbers and age‐standardized rates (per 100,000 persons) of prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of gout were extracted from GBD 2019 for 204 countries and territories and stratified by sex, age, year, sociodemographic index and geographic region. Correlations between gout and other chronic diseases were identified, and the burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) and kidney dysfunction was described.

Results

The total number of patients and gout age‐standardized prevalence rate increased between 1990 and 2019. Gout was most prevalent in Australasia and high‐income North America, and a higher sociodemographic index (SDI) was associated with higher age‐standardized prevalence, incidence and YLDs. High BMI and kidney dysfunction were risk factors for gout, while gout was correlated with other kidney diseases.

Conclusions

The global prevalence of gout, as well as incidence, and YLDs increased worldwide from 1990 to 2019 and had a significant association with sex, age, geographic region, SDI and risk factors. Understanding the complex interplay of environmental, sociodemographic and geographic risk factors is essential in mitigating the ever‐rising disease burden of gout.
Genome‐wide assessment reveals a significant association between ACSS3 and physical activity
Authors: Jo Jinyeon , Song Youngkyu , Yoon Dankyu , Lee Chung Gun , Won Sungho
Published: December 2022

Recent genetic studies have identified physical activity (PA)‐susceptible loci in European ancestry subjects; however, due to considerable genetic differences, these findings are not likely extendable to East Asian populations. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify significantly associated PA‐susceptible loci using genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) with East Asian (EAS) subjects and to generalize the findings to European (EUR) ancestries. The mRNA levels of genes located near the genome‐wide significantly associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were compared under PA and control conditions. Rs74937256, located in ACSS3 (chromosome 12), which primarily functions in skeletal muscle tissues, was identified as a genome‐wide significant variant (P = 6.06 × 10−9) in EAS. Additionally, the rs2525840, also in ACSS3 satisfied the Bonferroni corrected significance (P = 3.77 × 10−5) in EUR. We found that rs74937256 is an expressed trait locus of ACSS3 (P = 10−4), and ACSS3 mRNA expression significantly differs after PA, based on PrediXcan (P = 7 × 10−8) and the gene expression omnibus database (P = 0.043).
HomeRange: A global database of mammalian home ranges
Authors: Broekman Maarten Jaap Erik , Hoeks Selwyn , Freriks Rosa , Langendoen Merel M. , Runge Katharina M. , Savenco Ecaterina , ter Harmsel Ruben , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Tucker Marlee A.
Published: December 2022

Motivation

Home range is a common measure of use of space by animals because it provides ecological information that is useful for conservation applications. In macroecological studies, values are typically aggregated to species means to examine general patterns of use of space by animals. However, this ignores the environmental context in which the home range was estimated and does not account for intraspecific variation in home range size. In addition, the focus of macroecological studies on home ranges has historically been biased towards terrestrial mammals. The use of aggregated numbers and the terrestrial focus limit our ability to examine home‐range patterns across different environments, their variation in time and variation between different levels of organization. Here, we introduce HomeRange, a global database with 75,611 home‐range values across 960 different species of mammals, including terrestrial, aquatic and aerial species.

Main types of variables contained

The dataset contains estimates of home ranges of mammals, species names, methodological information on data collection, method of home‐range estimation, period of data collection, study coordinates and name of location, in addition to species traits derived from the studies, such as body mass, life stage, reproductive status and locomotor habit.

Spatial location and grain

The collected data are distributed globally. Across studies, the spatial accuracy varies, with the coarsest resolution being 1°.

Time period and grain

The data represent information published between 1939 and 2022. Across studies, the temporal accuracy varies; some studies report start and end dates specific to the day, whereas for other studies only the month or year is reported.

Major taxa and level of measurement

Mammalian species from 24 of the 27 different taxonomic orders. Home‐range estimates range from individual‐level values to population‐level averages.

Software format

Data are supplied as a comma‐delimited text file (.csv) and can be loaded directly into R using the “HomeRange” R package (https://github.com/SHoeks/HomeRange).
A limited defence of public health exit restrictions
Authors: Sullivan Michael
Published: December 2022

Exit restrictions are viewed with suspicion in the literature related to migration, citizenship, and human rights. The international human rights project is devoted to defending the minimal proposition that a person should be able to leave their own country, with few exceptions. Public health emergencies constitute one of the few limits on this mobility right in Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Here, I offer a limited legal and normative defence of pandemic travel restrictions, with a focus on Australia's COVID‐19 exit control measures. I argue that public health emergency exit controls do not constitute a violation of a traveller's mobility rights, so long as they are temporary, narrowly tailored, and proportionate to the health risk posed by the traveller in question. They should be lifted when alternative measures become widely available, such as vaccination and testing requirements.
Technological changes in the era of digitalization: What do collective agreements tell us?
Authors: Montreuil Véra‐Line , Foucher Roland
Published: December 2022

Unionized organizations are implementing more than ever technological changes to cope with an increasingly changing and highly digital environment. Despite the extensive literature on union responses to changes, there is not much evidence on how unions and employers draft provisions pertaining to technological changes in collective agreements. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct an in‐depth analysis of these provisions in over 500 collective agreements signed between 2000 and 2020. Specifically, this study focuses on office workers in two of the most important Canadian industries, namely, the healthcare and manufacturing sectors. The findings indicate that within the examined provisions, the regulation of technological change varies along a continuum that extends from no obligations to stringent obligations on the part of the employer. Moreover, the results show that these provisions have remained stable over the past two decades.
bHLH57 confers chilling tolerance and grain yield improvement in rice
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xiang Zhipan , Li Junfeng , Wang Siyao , Chen Yi , Liu Yan , Mao Dandan , Luan Sheng , Chen Liangbi
Published: December 2022

Chilling stress has become a major limiting factor that reduces crop productivity worldwide. In this study, we identified a new gene bHLH57, whose product enhances chilling tolerance in rice at diverse developmental stages. bHLH57 was mainly expressed in leaves and anthers, and its protein was targeted to the nucleus. Overexpression of bHLH57 enhanced chilling tolerance by increasing trehalose synthesis, whereas its mutants by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis were more sensitive to chilling and had reduced trehalose. Meanwhile, bHLH57 may regulate ROS metabolism and CBFs/DREBs‐ dependent pathways in response to chilling stress. In addition, the overexpression of bHLH57 resulted in increased grain yield under normal and chilling conditions, however, the disruption of bHLH57 displayed decreased grain size and seed setting rate, thus reduced grain yield. Phylogenetic and nucleotide diversity analyses suggested that bHLH57 is relatively conserved in monocotyledons, and may be selected during indica populations adaptation. Taken together, we have identified a new bHLH regulator involved rice chilling tolerance and grain yield, and provide a potential target gene for improving chilling tolerance and grain yield of rice.
Covid 19: A community based nursing disaster response
Authors: Sickora Cindy , Sickora Kathryn Rose , Smith Jane Kelly , Cerecero Jennifer , Farner Cheryl , Abebe Betelihem
Published: December 2022

Nursing has been criticized for inconsistent and episodic attention to disaster response training in academic settings. The work described herein demonstrates that nursing was not only prepared for the COVID‐19 pandemic but was able to mobilize and lead a large‐scale response that benefited a university community and the larger surrounding communities and neighborhoods paying particular attention to marginalized populations. For healthcare providers outside of hospitals, it was clear that disaster response methods would need to be implemented. The authors demonstrate that nursing established an on‐the‐ground response in collaboration with other University officials and departments. Initially established for the University community, the response was moved into surrounding neighborhoods vaccinating the city's most vulnerable. The nurse led effort answered more than 25,000 Hotline telephone calls, collected more than 30,000 COVID‐19 molecular tests, and administered more than 150,000 COVID‐19 vaccines in an operation that served up to 2500 people a day for 5 months. Nurses saved thousands of lives at the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic in hospitals and in community‐based settings. The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio School of Nursing demonstrated the nimble nature of academic nursing and outlines a large‐scale community response to an international pandemic in the seventh‐largest United States city. The authors establish guidelines for nurses and others to follow for future events.
Melatonin improves post‐thaw sperm quality after mild testicular heat stress in rams
Authors: Shahat Abdallah M. , Thundathil Jacob C. , Kastelic John P.
Published: December 2022

The objective was to determine effects of slow‐release melatonin on post‐thaw sperm quality in rams exposed to mild testicular heat stress (HS; scrotal neck insulation). Twelve yearling Dorset rams were randomly and equally allocated to receive either 36 mg melatonin in 1 ml corn oil or 1 ml corn oil injected subcutaneously (SQ); 15 day later, all rams had HS for 96 h (start of HS = start of Week 0). Semen was collected before HS and once weekly from Weeks 1 to 7, extended in Steridyl CSS One Step, held at 5°C for ~3 h, loaded into 0.5 ml straws, held 5 cm above liquid nitrogen for 10 min and then plunged. Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA) was conducted on frozen–thawed sperm. There were group and week effects for total and progressive motility (p < .001), plus group and week effects and group*week interactions (p < .001) for post‐thaw total abnormalities, acrosome integrity, post‐thaw sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP). Post‐thaw sperm total and progressive motility, acrosome integrity and HMMP were higher (p < .05) in melatonin versus control groups from Weeks 1 to 7, and the melatonin group reached baseline level (pre‐heat stress) at Week 7 (75.79 ± 0.96, 65.48 ± 1.51, 75.00 ± 0.89 and 67.00 ± 1.06, respectively; mean ± SEM). Conversely, post‐thaw sperm total abnormalities and DFI were lower (p < .05) in melatonin versus control, and both reached baseline at Week 7 in the melatonin group (26.00 ± 0.57 and 5.66 ± 0.17, respectively). Coiled tails, distal midpiece reflexes, distal cytoplasmic droplets, ruffled acrosomes, bowed midpieces, pyriform heads and knobbed acrosomes were the most common abnormalities in both groups, with lower percentages in melatonin‐treated rams. Results supported our hypothesis that HS reduces post‐thaw sperm quality, and that melatonin lessens those reductions, manifested by significantly better total and progressive motility, acrosome integrity and HMMP, and fewer sperm total abnormalities and DFI.
The Role of Banks in Shaping Income Inequality: A Within‐Country Study
Authors: Coccorese Paolo , Dell'Anno Roberto
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the role of banks in shaping income inequality. We extend the current literature on the banking–inequality nexus by examining a sample of 103 Italian provinces for the period 2000–2018. We find that a higher banking development decreases income inequality. From a methodological viewpoint, we aim to contribute to the current literature by both adjusting the index of income inequality for the presence of tax evasion in income data and applying different estimation approaches to control for endogeneity. Some policy implications emerge from the findings of this study.
Corte Suprema de Justicia. Sala civil SC2879-2022 Rad:11001-31-99-003-2018-72845-01 Septiembre 27 de 2022 Magistrado ponente: Luis Alonso Rico Puerta
Authors: Isaza Posse Maria Cristina
Published: December 2022

Esta reciente sentencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia colombiana, aborda directamente el tema de las exclusiones en el contrato de seguro, unificando la posición de la Corte en cuanto a la parte de la póliza en donde éstas deben estar ubicadas, tema que ha sido objeto de discusiones a la luz de lo establecido por el artículo 184 del Estatuto Orgánico del Sistema Financiero
Efectos del incumplimiento del deber de declaración del riesgo: particularidades del régimen legal argentino y su cotejo con los sistemas uruguayo y chileno
Authors: Federik Carlos José María
Published: December 2022

Se analiza el instituto de la reticencia desde la óptica del régimen jurídico argentino, haciendo un cotejo con los sistemas uruguayo y chileno, por cuanto han recibido modificaciones en los últimos 10 años. El régimen uruguayo resulta el mas severo de todos para el asegurado. En Argentina, para el caso de reticencia culposa, el efecto que provoca la falsa o inexacta declaración del estado del riesgo es, en principio, la nulidad relativa del contrato, salvo que el asegurador opte por el reajuste. Por su parte, en los seguros de vida, si se cumplen determinadas condiciones, este reajuste puede serle impuesto al asegurador. En Chile, por el contrario, el efecto en todas las ramas -con excepción del seguro marítimo- puede ser tanto la rescisión del contrato como su readecuación. Como matiz diferencial, tanto en Argentina como en Uruguay, y constituyendo una suerte de contrapeso en favor del asegurado, se establece la necesidad del asegurador de producir prueba pericial, destinada a acreditar el requisito de la trascendencia o relevancia de la circunstancia omitida o falseada. Por último, en todos los regímenes jurídicos analizados, para el supuesto de reticencia dolosa, el efecto es siempre y en todas las ramas, la nulidad relativa del contrato.
Nuevas perspectivas del uso de la tecnología en el ámbito del contrato de seguro
Authors: Ariza Vesga Rafael Alberto
Published: December 2022

Las nuevas tecnologías determinan diversos impactos y retos para el contrato de seguro a nivel mundial. La blockchain, smart property y smart contracts, entre otros fenómenos, traen consigo una visión novedosa de la celebración, comercialización, reclamación e indemnización en los contratos de seguro. Los aseguradores tradicionales deben, igualmente, adaptarse a nuevas exigencias de servicio, eficiencia y celeridad, así como al surgimiento de nuevos actores que pretenden llenar las necesidades de los consumidores de seguros con mayor agilidad y menores costos.  Es necesario que el legislador expida la regulación que permita el funcionamiento adecuado de estas tecnologías al interior de la actividad aseguradora en Colombia y en los demás contextos nacionales que así lo requieren.
Riesgo asegurable y seguros paramétricos
Authors: Von Lücken G. Eberhard S.
Published: December 2022

Los seguros paramétricos o basados en índices climáticos son contratos que estipulan indemnizaciones a partir de la ocurrencia de eventos climáticos especificados. Los contratos se basan en parámetros que buscan explicar las potenciales pérdidas de empresas, gobiernos, instituciones financieras o agricultores. Este tipo de seguros no requieren evaluación de daños, ni verificación de pérdidas. Al mismo tiempo demuestran un gran potencial como herramienta efectiva de manejo de riesgo, aunque también enfrentan desafíos en países en vías de desarrollo.
Los seguros paramétricos. Enfrentando críticas y asumiendo algunos desafíos
Authors: Segura Riveiro Francisco Martín
Published: December 2022

La presente ponencia presenta un resumen de lo que se consideran ciertos desafíos que deben superarse o al menos tenerse en cuenta al considerar el reconocimiento y aplicación en el mercado de seguros de los llamados seguros paramétricos.
Visiones sobre el género y el envejecimiento en hombres y mujeres trabajadores en Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Rueda Luisa Fernanda , Ocampo-Palacio Juan Gabriel , Palacios-Espinosa Ximena , Levy Sheri R.
Published: December 2022

Esta investigación evaluó creencias sobre el género (sexismo benevolente y hostil) y el envejecimiento (estereotipos positivos y negativos), experiencias de acoso laboral y sexual y de edadismo en el trabajo, así como las asociaciones entre estas, en una muestra de hombres y mujeres colombianos de 18-30 años (M = 25.3, DE =3.26), 31-45 (M = 37.6, DE = 4.44) y 45-75 (M = 53.56, DE = 5.8), mediante un cuestionario de autorreporte con escalas validadas o adaptadas para el contexto colombiano. Mediante varios ANOVA, evaluamos diferencias en creencias sobre género y el envejecimiento y en experiencias de acoso y discriminación, en función del sexo y grupo de edad. Para valorar las asociaciones entre creencias y experiencias utilizamos análisis de regresión. Hallazgos estadísticamente significativos sugieren que los hombres reportan mayor sexismo en general, aunque en ambos sexos prevalece el sexismo hostil sobre el benevolente. Los mayores de 30 años reportaron más estereotipos positivos del envejecimiento que los más jóvenes; las mujeres jóvenes, más experiencias de acoso sexual, pero las mayores, más acoso laboral. Adicionalmente, los estereotipos positivos del envejecimiento podrían proteger frente al acoso en el trabajo. Las creencias sobre el género y la edad impactan diferencialmente a hombres y mujeres de diferentes grupos etarios.
Investigations of In-Plane Fluidelastic Instability in a Multispan U-Bend Tube Array—Part I: Tests in Air Flow
Authors: Feenstra Paul , Sawadogo Teguewinde , Smith Bruce , Janzen Victor , Cothron Helen
Published: December 2022

The tubes in the U-bend region of a recirculating type of nuclear steam generator are subjected to cross-flow of a two-phase mixture of steam and water. There is a concern that these tubes may experience flow-induced vibration, including the damaging effects of fluidelastic instability. This two-part series of papers presents the results of flow-induced vibration experiments performed by Canadian Nuclear Laboratories for the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) using the Multi-Span U-Bend test rig. The tube bundle is made of 22 U-bend tubes of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) diameter, arranged in a rotated triangular configuration with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.5. The test rig was equipped with variable clearance flat bar supports at two different locations to investigate a variety of tube and flat-bar support configurations. The primary purpose of the overall project was to study the occurrence of in-plane (or streamwise) fluidelastic instability in a U-tube bundle with flat-bar tube supports with clearances or preloads. Initially, the test rig was configured for tests in air-flow using an industrial air blower. Then tests with two-phase refrigerant (R-134a) were performed. Part I of this two-part series describes the test rig, experimental setup and some of the challenges encountered, and the results of experiments with air flows. Part II will present results of tests using refrigerant two-phase flows.
Numerical ellipsometry: A method for selecting a single β-gallium oxide monoclinic crystal orientation able to determine the complete permittivity tensor
Authors: Urban F. K. , Barton D. , Schubert M.
Published: December 2022

Previously, the infrared permittivity tensor of monoclinic β-Ga2O3 crystals has been determined using ellipsometry reflection measurements from two differently oriented monoclinic β-Ga2O3 crystals with surfaces parallel to (010) and (−201). The (010) surface places the crystallographic a-c plane in the table of the instrument. The permittivity tensor consists of four complex values, and in order to compute it, four or more combinations of measurements are required at selected table rotations and incidence angles. However, the (010) orientation also places the transverse optical (TO) modes with Au symmetry parallel to the z-axis of the instrument, and we find that these modes are not fully excited and, hence, not measurable due to underlying selection rules. This makes additional measurements on surfaces other than (010) necessary. The second orientation has been the (−201) crystal, which places the crystallographic b axis in the plane of the table to access the transverse Au phonons. In prior work, the overall tensor has been determined by combining measurements of the two crystal orientations [Schubert et al., Phys. Rev. B 93, 125209 (2016)]. The goal of the work here is to find single crystal orientations for which all TO modes can be determined from measurements. The use of a set of measurements employed for such a single crystal is inextricably linked to the choice of incidence angles and table rotations. Consequently, determining suitable angles for these is linked to the selection of a crystal orientation, which is, therefore, an integral part of the overall goal. The TO contribution to the permittivity strongly dominates at or near the TO mode wavenumber resonances and, therefore, are used in this work to identify suitable orientations for a single crystal. Any such crystal orientation will also provide measurements useful to compute permittivity across the entire measured wavenumber range. In principle, any crystal orientation that does not place the direction of any TO mode at or near the z-axis may be suitable due to the underlying physics and mathematics of the problem. We discuss which of these measurement parameters contain the most sensitivity for the (111) orientation. For accuracy, we seek the best or very good orientations. Our investigation follows a previously demonstrated approach where at a single wavelength, the full tensor of an orthorhombic absorbing crystal was obtained from a low-symmetry surface of stibnite [Schubert and Dollase, Opt. Lett. 27, 2073 (2002)]. We discuss which of these measurement parameters contain the most sensitivity for the (111) orientation. The methods presented here will also be useful for other monoclinic materials as well as other materials of different crystal structures, including orthorhombic and triclinic materials.
Natural Killer Cells Regulate Acute SIV Replication, Dissemination, and Inflammation, but Do Not Impact Independent Transmission Events
Authors: Woolley Griffin , Mosher Matthew , Kroll Kyle , Jones Rhianna , Hueber Brady , Sugawara Sho , Manickam Cordelia , Terry Karen , Varner Valerie , Lifton Michelle , Ram Daniel , Fennessey Christine M. , Keele Brandon F. , Reeves R. Keith
Published: December 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells as major effector cells of the innate immune system can contribute significantly to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) control. However, a specific role for NK cells in blocking lentivirus transmission remains incompletely clear.
Nitrate Nitrogen and pH Correlate with Changes in Rhizosphere Microbial Community Assemblages during Invasion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Bidens pilosa
Authors: Wang Liting , Li Qiao , li Chunying , Wu Chunpeng , Chen Fengxin , Chen Xue , Zhang Fengjuan
Published: December 2022

Soil microbial communities play a vital role in the growth of invasive plants. Invasive species may shape peculiar functional microbes in the rhizosphere soil of an invasive species to benefit its growth.
Prone Position Airway Management of a Child following Penetrating Trauma to the Back
Authors: Magbitang Mae Richelle S. , Ongaigui Corinna J.
Published: December 2022

Traumatic penetrating injuries to the back are uncommon in children. This type of injury presents many considerations for airway management to the anesthesiologist, including having to secure the airway in a prone position. Although there have been several reports about intubation in the prone position for adult patients in emergency conditions, such studies on pediatric patients are rare. We present the case of a male child with an impaled steel shaft connected to a toy car wheel in his lower back, requiring an emergent operation under general anesthesia. Due to resource limitations, the patient was intubated using an adult-sized video laryngoscope in the prone position. The patient remained stable during the operation and was discharged without complications. A postoperative discussion was held later to review the case and gain insights from the rest of the anesthesiology team. Prone intubation in pediatric patients can be safely accomplished using various techniques, depending on the urgency of the need, the availability of resources, and the knowledge and skills of the provider. The authors hope that their colleagues can learn from sharing this experience.
Is It Mum or the Dad? Parental Factors That Influence the Use and Acceptance of Fluoride Varnish among Parents in Eastern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljami Abdullah , Alshehri Turki , Altuwaijri Abdulrahman , Aldossary Alhanoof , Almutairi Wejdan , Farooqi Faraz Ahmed , Gaffar Balgis
Published: December 2022

Objective. To investigate parental factors that influence knowledge, use, and acceptance of fluoride varnish (FLV) application. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted during December 2021. A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit parents with children aged 3 to 6 years and residing in Eastern Saudi Arabia, excluding those working in the dental field. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: demographics, knowledge, previous experience, and acceptance of FLV and was pilot-tested and distributed online using social media. Results. A total of 623 parents responded to the survey. Only 36.9% of parents had good FLV knowledge with dentists being the main source of information. Gender, educational level, family income, being in the medical field, and source of knowledge were factors that significantly (

P
<
0.05

) influenced parental knowledge. Only 24.6% of the parents applied fluoride varnish to their children before, of whom only 29% were satisfied with the experience. Parent’s FLV knowledge, view of dental visits, satisfaction with previous experience, perception of children’s oral health, and willingness to reapply FLV were factors that significantly (

P
<
0.05

) influenced FLV use. Working in the medical field, perception of dental visits, and the source of knowledge were factors that significantly (

P
<
0.05

) influenced the parent’s acceptance to apply FLV. While lack of knowledge about fluoride benefits (15%) was the main reason for parental refusal to apply FLV. Conclusions. The current study highlights the lack of knowledge and application of FLV among parents. There were more factors influencing mothers’ acceptance of FLV application compared to fathers. Age, educational level, working in the medical field, perception, and patterns of dental visits were some of the identified factors. Dentists played a major role in parental knowledge and FLV acceptance. In a country with high caries prevalence, preventive programs such as FLV education and application are crucial.
Comissão Ortúzar, ações em torno do legado de uma refundação: dois olhares sobre sua dramaturgia
Authors: Barría Mauricio , Artés Patricia
Published: December 2022

Comissão Ortúzar, ações em torno do legado de uma refundação: dois olhares sobre sua dramaturgia
Encontro na Avenida Professor Lúcio Martins Rodrigues, 443 – Auditório da Escola de Comunicação e Artes, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade de São Paulo, Brasil – Latitude: 23°33’ Sul, Longitude: 46°43’ Oeste – Dia 26 de julho de 2016, 10h25 (horário de Brasília), Lua 59,5% iluminada
Authors: Fabião Eleonora
Published: December 2022

Encontro na Avenida Professor Lúcio Martins Rodrigues, 443Auditório da Escola de Comunicação e Artes Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade de São Paulo, BrasilLatitude: 23°33’ Sul, Longitude: 46°43’ OesteDia 26 de julho de 2016, 10h25 (horário de Brasília)Lua 59,5% iluminadaLink: https://www.dropbox.com/s/2k5b6xjjv1srui7/Eleonora%20Fabi%C3%A3o%20226-07-2016%20-%20VI%20SPA.wav?dl=0
Parâmetros coevolutivos e contextos políticos para analisar e desenvolver modos de criação
Authors: Vellozo Marila Annibelli
Published: December 2022

Basear a criação ou organização de metodologias nas experiências e leitura própria de cada artista parece ser um caminho político ativo. Ainda, parte-se do pressuposto de que os modos de organizar uma criação artística podem ser estruturados por uma articulação, em Tempo Real, daquilo que emerge das dinâmicas propostas ao longo de um processo, não necessariamente sendo dados a priori. Por meio da experiência e sistematização da autora de seus próprios processos de criação em dança, este artigo objetiva tratar a ideia de metodologia como aspecto coevolutivo ao processo de criação, devendo-se atentar para o contexto político onde as escolhas dramatúrgicas e estéticas se desenvolvem e para mecanismos que insistem em permanecer restringindo espaços de participação, liberdades individuais e autonomias.
Lactifluus hezhangensis sp. nov. (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Southwest China
Authors: CHEN A-MIN , PEI YUN , WEN TING-CHI , HAPUARACHCHI KALANI KANCHANA , XU XIU-HONG , ZHANG WAN-PING
Published: December 2022

Lactifluus is an ectomycorrhizal, genetically diverse genus which consists of many species complexes. The genus is widely distributed in the tropics and drives important ecological and economic functions. However, its generic relations are poorly known and the diversity is mostly unexplored. In this study, we propose a new species, Lactifluus hezhangensis sp. nov. belongs to Lf. sect. Gerardii, from Guizhou Province, China. Lactifluus hezhangensis is characterized by a rugose and dark brown pileus, pruinose near center; white to cream lamella, and small basidiospores (4.79) 5.06–7.22 (7.30) × (4.67) 4.68–6.20 (6.59) μm). The phylogenetic analyses based on combined three-gene fragments of ITS + LSU + RPB2 confirmed that the new species is distinct from other Lactifluus species. Furthermore, the new species is described with color photographs and compared with similar taxa. We provide a phylogeny for Lf. sect. Gerardii based on ITS, LSU + RPB2 sequence data and the taxonomic status of the new species is briefly discussed.
Caetetermes fontesi, a new nasutiform termite (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) from French Guiana
Authors: SCHEFFRAHN RUDOLF H.
Published: December 2022

Caetetermes fontesi sp. nov. is described from soldiers, workers, and winged imagos collected in French Guiana. Soldiers of C. fontesi are distinguished from Caetetermes taquarussu Fontes 1981, until now a monotypic genus, by their larger size, deeper coloration, and shorter and thicker nasus. The imago of C. fontesi is larger and the enteric valve of the dimorphic C. fontesi workers have larger cushions with more and longer spines than C. taquarussu. Worker dimorphism for Neotropical nasutitermitinae is discussed.