bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enactive or symbolic representation? When the order alters the product
Authors: Wolff Cecilia , Cárcamo Mauricio
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews a pedagogic exercise related to the degree of Architecture being taught at the University of Chile. This exercise, which is based on the action of folding paper, integrates knowledge areas from the project learning in initial phases. To illustrate this, in the methodology section, the applied didactic strategy together with its theoretical sustenance are described and then followed by both a review of the activities of the project itself and the learning results. The exercise addresses the multidisciplinary features of our field in Architecture, since it encourages students to directly and intuitively solve physical, structural, geometric, aesthetic and functional issues in an integral manner, appealing and adding to their already acquired ability to do and think in an enactive manner. The outcome of this exercise gets deep into the relationship among a number of aspects which include the type of representation incidence in the projecting operation (iconic, symbolic and enactive representations) and its directions, i.e., from enactive to symbolic representation and vice versa. Furthermore, it also lays out the didactic strategies and teaching contributions of the study case. To conclude, the relevance of this practical approach concerning the relationship between form with these three types of representation is discussed, so students may apply their knowledge and experience acquired during their life in the first stages of their architectural training at university.
The role of nature in the self-ownership proviso
Authors: Rodgers Lamont
Published: April 2021

Eric Mack defends a version of John Locke’s proviso. Mack applies his proviso to original appropriations, uses, and systems of private property. His proviso precludes severely disabling the world-interactive powers of others. Mack specifically warns against using concrete features of the natural world as a baseline for determine whether the proviso has been violated. While his proviso is plausible, I argue that he cannot. eschew employing the receptivity of the natural, unowned world to the extent that he suggests. We cannot determine whether one’s powers are disabled or diminished without knowing how receptive the world would be to those powers had a system of private property not arisen. The upshot of this paper is that the requirements of a well-formulated proviso is an empirical matter.
Por que interpretar a teoria ética de Mill como um tipo de utilitarismo de atos
Authors: Gontijo Fernanda Belo
Published: April 2021

É de amplo conhecimento entre os eticistas que a teoria moral defendida por John Stuart Mill é o utilitarismo. Não é de comum acordo entre eles, no entanto, qual teria sido o tipo de utilitarismo defendido por este filósofo, se de atos ou de regras. Este artigo visa apresentar os fundamentos para essa disputa e defende que Mill é um utilitarista de atos.
The neuroethics of agency: the problem of attributing mental states to people with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Azevedo Marco , Andrade Bianca
Published: April 2021

How can we be certain that another creature is a conscious being? One path is to rely on introspective reports we can grasp in communication or observation of their behavior. Another path is to infer mentality and consciousness by means of markers tied to their intentional behavior, that is, agency. In this paper we will argue that even if agency is a marker of consciousness in several normal instances (paradigmatically, for mature and healthy human beings), it is not a good marker in several pathological instances, such as the blindsight case, the vegetative state, the akinetic mutism and the locked-in syndrome. If we are right, this can be of great utility in neuroethics; for those kinds of disorders of consciousness are not, after all, instances of complete absence of consciousness.
An analysis of the content and quality of corporate sustainability reports according to GRI standards in peruvian mining companies supervised by the SMV in 2018: deficiencies and opportunities
Authors: Diaz-Becerra Oscar Alfredo , Leon-Chavarri Claudia , Ampuero-Alfaro Brenda Gabriela
Published: April 2021

Corporate sustainability has become a distinctive factor of global leaders, who communicate sustainable development actions using corporate sustainability reports (CSR) in accordance with international reporting standards such as GRI. In Latin America there is a high variability in their adoption and the Peruvian mining sector has been facing credibility problems due to the incidence of socio-environmental conflicts in its projects, despite its recent consistency in the presentation of CSR. A statistical analysis of a sample of mining companies that submitted their CSR to the SMV in 2018 showed that half of them complied with presenting CSR; nonetheless, GRI principles are not strictly followed. Reports stress the social pillar over the environmental and economic ones; with an imbalance between positive, neutral and negative actions; and do not present their sources to make data auditable. An opportunity is presented for the creation of a specialized area in the SMV to review CSR.
Implantação de modelos de gestão: estudo de caso sobre o desempenho da gestão socioambiental de uma empresa pública
Authors: Correia Christiane de Miranda e Silva , Moreira Cláudia Márcia , Muniz Reynaldo Maia
Published: April 2021

As organizações buscam melhorar resultados e aumentar a competitividade no mercado com a implantação de modelos de gestão que suportem o atendimento às necessidades dos stakeholders. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com a adoção prática de modelo de gestão em organizações por meio da análise do impacto do desempenho organizacional relacionado a gestão socioambiental. Foi adotada como abordagem a pesquisa qualitativa que descreve por meio de estudo de caso o impacto da implantação do modelo de gestão no desempenho organizacional especialmente frente ao stakeholder Sociedade/Comunidade. Foi realizado envio de questionário, entrevistas não estruturadas e levantamento de dados secundários. Com a análise dos dados da pesquisa conclui-se que a implantação do modelo de gestão contribuiu para o alcance de resultados e, consequentemente, o atendimento às necessidades dos stakeholders. A implantação do modelo de gestão ocorreu paralelamente com outras metodologias de gestão que contribuíram para a melhoria do desempenho organizacional.
Decontamination effectiveness and the necessity of innovation in a large-scale disaster simulation
Authors: Osmanlliu, MDCM, FRCPC Esli , Bank, MDCM, FRCPC, FAAP Ilana , Khalil, MDCM, FRCPC, FAAP Elene , Nugus, PhD Peter , Ruddy, RN, BSc Nursing, MMgmt Margaret , Young, PhD Meredith
Published: April 2021

Background: Chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) events threaten the health and integrity of human populations across the globe. Effective decontamination is a central component of CBRNE disaster response.Objective: This paper provides an objective determination of wet decontamination effectiveness through the use of a liquid-based contaminant proxy and describes the mobilization and adaptation of easily available materials for the needs of decontamination in pediatric victims.Methods: In this in-situ disaster simulation conducted at a pediatric hospital, decontamination effectiveness was determined through a liquid-based contaminant proxy, and standard burn charts to systematically estimate affected total body surface area (TBSA) in 39 adult simulated patients. Two independent raters evaluated TBSA covered by the contaminant before and after decontamination.Results: On average, simulated patients had 59 percent (95 percent CI [53, 65]) of their TBSA covered by the simulated contaminant prior to decontamination. Following a wet decontamination protocol, the average reduction in TBSA contamination was 81 percent (95 percent CI [74, 88]). There was high inter-rater reliability for TBSA assessment (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83, 95 percent CI [0.68, 0.92]. A modified infant bath was tested during the simulated decontamination of infant mannequins and thereafter integrated to the local protocol.Conclusion: Wet decontamination can remove more than 80 percent of the initial contaminant found on adult simulated patients. The use of a liquid-based visual tool as a contaminant proxy enables the inexpensive evaluation of decontamination performance in a simulated setting. This paper also describes an innovative, low-cost adaptation of a local decontamination protocol to better meet pediatric needs.
The impact of COVID-19 on cardiology departments
Authors: Ramphul Kamleshun , Lohana Petras , Verma Renuka , Sombans Shaheen
Published: April 2021

The spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic throughout the world has persisted for over a year now [1]. Multiple hospitals in several countries do not have any free beds available and the health care providers are facing burn-out and fatigue. Some hospital centres such as in Lombardy, Italy even became an epicentre of infections [2]. We sought to briefly describe the changes seen and reported in literature by several cardiology departments from various regions across the world.
Lipotoxicity induced pancreatic beta cell damage is associated with GPR119/MST1/FoxO1 Pathway
Authors: Ma Lirong , Li Jianning , Song Hui , Li Yan , Wang Yue , Luan Yansong , Li Yuhan , Qi Hui , Yang Yi , Cai Lei
Published: April 2021

Introduction

G-protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is emerging as a potential therapeutic target against type 2 diabetes with beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis. However, the function of GRP119 in lipotoxicity induced pancreatic beta cell apoptosis and the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown.

Material and methods

Impact of GPR119 on pancreatic islet beta cell apoptosis was evaluated in INS-1 cells treated with palmitate. The subsequent modulation of the MST1-FOXO1-Pdx1 signaling pathway and pro-apoptotic caspase-3 system were determined by measuring the target protein and mRNA expression. Dyslipidemia mice with gain and loss of GPR119 function by the application of specific lenti-viral vector was utilized to evaluate the impact of GPR119 on pancreas function in vivo. Lipid metabolism, glucose and insulin response, morphological changes as well as activation/inhibition of MST1-FOXO1-Pdx1 signaling pathway in pancreas were analyzed systematically.

Results

Palmitate treatment stimulated pro-apoptotic response in INS-1 cells, accompanied by inhibition of GPR119 expression and the subsequent activation of the MST1-FOXO1 combined with inhibition of Pdx1 signaling cascade. Activation of GPR119 by MBX prevents INS-1 cell from lipotoxicity induced apoptosis by targeting the MST1-FOXO1-Pdx1 pathway. Moreover, overexpression of GPR119 significantly attenuates the dyslipidemia and dysfunction of the pancreas. In contrast, inactivation of GPR119 by lentiviral vector in mice results in accelerated pancreas apoptosis and malfunction. The protective effects of GRP119 on lipotoxicity induced pancreas dysfunction are associated with modulating the MST1-FOXO1-Pdx1 signaling cascade.

Conclusions

GPR119 alleviates lipotoxicity induced pancreatic beta cell apoptosis and malfunction through regulating MST1-FOXO1-Pdx1 signaling pathway.
Abordagem fisioterapêutica em pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço no puerpério
Authors: Viana Serpa Ana Paula , De Souza e Silva Larissa , Cecchi Salata Mariana
Published: April 2021

A incontinência urinária (IU) é uma condição caracterizada pela perda involuntária de urina, um problema recorrente no puerpério e, consequentemente, gera um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida da mulher. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo revisar na literatura quais abordagens fisioterapêuticas estão sendo utilizadas para tratamento da IUE no pós-parto. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed, MedLine, BVS, SciELO e PEDro, tendo como base os descritores incontinência urinária, pós-parto e fisioterapia, e seus correspondentes em inglês: urinary incontinence, postpartum e physical therapy, combinados com o operador lógico AND. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, selecionou-se quatro (4) artigos, que apontaram que o treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) é eficaz para a melhora da força e função da musculatura do local, e, portanto, mostrou-se um tratamento assertivo para a IU. Conclui-se que a fisioterapia é efetiva para o tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço em mulheres no pós-parto, sendo recomendada a realização de novos estudos, com maior acurácia metodológica, para se comprovar o real efeito da fisioterapia.
CONSENSO CHILENO DE TÉCNICAS DE KINESIOLOGÍA RESPIRATORIA EN PEDIATRÍA
Authors: Barros-Poblete Marisol , Hidalgo Soler Gonzalo , Bustamante Fernando , Vera-Uribe Roberto , Romero Juan Eduardo , Rosales-Fuentes Javiera , Torres Tapia Claudio , Rodríguez-Núñez Iván , Puppo Homero , Ríos Munita Cristián , Villaseca Rojas Yenny , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Jimenez Alejandra
Published: April 2021

La kinesiología respiratoria es actualmente una herramienta terapéutica destacada para el manejo de los pacientes respiratorios pediátricos. Se han desarrollado muchas y variadas técnicas, manuales y asistidas, algunas requiriendo colaboración del paciente. El desarrollo del conocimiento y la comprensión fisiopatológica de las enfermedades respiratorias en los últimos años ha generado la necesidad de consensuar la terminología, los fundamentos y la aplicación de cada una de las técnicas kinésicas de tratamiento respiratorio en el ámbito pediátrico. El objetivo de este documento fue recopilar la literatura disponible relacionada con los mecanismos fisiológicos, indicaciones, aspectos procedimentales y técnicas más utilizadas en nuestro país, con el propósito de ser una directriz que oriente la práctica clínica de profesionales y estudiantes en formación. Se incluyeron así las siguientes técnicas: espiración lenta prolongada, espiración lenta con glotis abierta, drenaje autógeno, drenaje autógeno asistido, ciclo activo, presión/descompresión, bloqueos torácicos, técnicas de espiración forzada, tos y ejercicios respiratorios.
Havacılıkta SWOT Analizi: Türkiye için Durum Değerlendirmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Büşra , TEKTAŞ Necla
Published: April 2021

Modern yaşamın bir parçası olan ulaştırma sistemleri hem ülke genelinde hem de devletin başka dünya hükümetleriyle iletişim kurmasının en somut yolu olmaktadır. Havayolu ulaşımı; zaman kavramının son derece elzem olduğu günümüz dünyasında, iş seyahati ya da eğlence seyahati amacıyla yapılan yolculuklarda, sağladığı konfor ve güven sayesinde çokça tercih edilen bir ulaştırma biçimidir. Türkiye üç kıtayı birbirine bağlayarak transit uçuşlarda bir merkez olmuştur. Havacılık sanayimiz uluslararası alanda rekabet edecek seviyede olmasa dahi insanların yaşam standardının yükselmesi ister yurt içi ister yurt dışı uçuşları için yeni fırsatlar doğurmuştur. Öte yandan ülkemizi de içine alan coğrafyada hüküm süren savaş ortamı havayolu taşımacılığının gelişimini engellemektedir. Bu değişken taleple birlikte Türk sivil havacılığı da farklı yapılar ile varlığını korumaya ve geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada stratejik yönetim sürecinde sıkça kullanılan ve Güçlü Yönler, Zayıf Yönler, Fırsatlar, Tehditler anlamına gelen SWOT Analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de sivil havacılığın durum değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. Ulusal sivil havacılığının içsel faktörlerini oluşturan güçlü ve zayıf yanları ile Türk sivil havacılığını etkileyen dışsal faktörler fırsat ve tehditler olarak ele alınmıştır.
The Discourse Of Integrated Quality Management System Of Education In Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era
Authors: Herman Herman
Published: April 2021

This article aims to describe the discourse of integrated quality management system of education in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. The advancement of information, communication and technology is an opportunity and hope to implement qualified and competitive educational programs by utilizing automation technology and cyber technology. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through library research. The writing technique was carried out through several stages starting from data collection to data processing and analysis stage that were considered relevant and had relationship with the problem. The results of this study indicate that the integrated quality management system of education in the industrial revolution 4.0 era can realized through: 1) the planning of qualified educational program, 2) organizing integrated human resource, 3) flexible and transparent communication, 4) harmonious and comfortable coordination, and 5) tight and accountable supervision.
Transitivity Analysis in the text of the 1945 Constitution before the Amendment
Authors: Bastian Sinaga Elwyn , Sinar Silvana , Setia Eddy
Published: April 2021

The realization of the text of the 1945 Constitution became the history of the birth of the first constitution in the State of Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution text was then amended four times. The first amendment was in 1999. The second amendment was in 2000. The third amendment was in 2001. The fourth amendment was in 2002. Every amendment occurred in the contents section, but not in the opening section. The 1945 Constitution text is a tool for sharing or describing experiences with others. The meaning of the experience is realized in the text of the 1945 Constitution. There is also the purpose of this research, which is to describe the meaning of experience that is in the text of the 1945 Constitution. This research data is in the form of the 1945 Constitution text which has not been amended because it is fundamental and first. The theory used in this study is the Functional Systemic Linguistics (LSF) theory pioneered by Halliday (2014). Furthermore, to analyze the data using the analysis technique of the model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). Based on the results of the study found, namely (1) there are six processes in the text of the 1945 Constitution which are dominated by material processes (2) there are three types of participant, namely participants based on the process, participants based on their numbers, and participants based on their form (3) there are the ten types of circumstant are dominated by circumumstan manner and there is no circumstant extent. It is intended that the text of the 1945 Constitution is generally constructed by a material verb along with a circumstance manner and summary angle, the participants of which are human beings.
Qualitative and Quantitative Paradigm Constellation In Educational Research Methodology
Authors: Djafar Hilman , Yunus Rasid , DJ Pomalato Sarson W , Rasid Ruslan
Published: April 2021

Differences qualitative and quantitative research to academicians and researchers mainly concentrated on education  studies is only able to browse and identify with the fundamental difference merely as example: research that only uses quantitative data but using the qualitative as a benchmark often not considered as a quantitative research  Likewise ,  qualitative research that uses quantitative data is not considered qualitative research. If traced further, actually qualitative and quantitative research very spacious and is a level. Qualitative and quantitative research in the context of methodology includes a researcher's conception of social reality, the researcher's self placement in relation to the reality study and various other reviews. Therefore, in this research article,is stated that the correlation between qualitative and quantitative research in educational research methodology is possible if both are based on the same paradigm. Conversely qualitative and quantitative researchis difficult to reconcile if they depart from different paradigms, which have different epistemological assumptions, and different goodness criteria.
Online And Offline Learning ComparisonIn The New Normal Era
Authors: Valentino V.H. , Satria Setiawan Heri , Tri Habibie Muhammad , Ningsih Retna , Katrina Dona , Syah Putra Arman
Published: April 2021

There are many learning media during the Covid 19 pandemic, some use online media and offline media, online media are also of many kinds, some are in the form of videos, pictures or writing, but there are also many learning media that combine all learning media, examples are online media youtube, with youtube media students will be able to view learning material repeatedly because videos can be downloaded. The method used in research is to use the literature review method, a method that can help in this study because it can find new problems in future research. The problem raised in this research is wanting to know the right media and making comparisons of online and offline media during the new normal period after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research produces data that can prove that the right media is in the new normal period, this is done to common interests and the nation.
Effect of Ease And Trustworthiness To Use E-Commerce for Purchasing Goods Online
Authors: Givan Bryan , Wirawan Rio , Andriawan Deden , Aisyah Nurul , Asep Asep , Syah Putra Arman
Published: April 2021

The background in this research is to find out whether there is a relationship between the ease and trust of an e-commerce with customers who buy goods online, with this ease and trust whether purchasing goods online is increasing what are the factors that make sales increase and the variables that influence it, with the ease of using this e-commerce system and with a high level of trust, the public will be more confident shopping in an e-commerce media, because the seller provides the best service or has a very good product so that people buy with believe in the products they buy. The method used in this research is to use quantitative methods by conducting surveys to several customers who have used e-commerce media, is it easy and trustworthy in an e-commerce to increase sales, therefore, with the survey media, data is obtained primarily and the truth can be justified. With the ease and level of confidence about customers, shopping on an e-commerce can increase, with the increase, we can find out what variables can make customers shop more online, therefore variables must be known by sellers with an e-commerce system, with known variables such as ease of trust and the presence of a low price level, product sales will increase. This research will produce data that can determine whether there is a relationship between convenience and trust in purchasing goods online, with this data it can be used as a basis for further research and can be the basis for developing e-commerce systems today.
ANALISIS PINALTI HUKUM MATI KEPADA PERANTARA JUAL BELI NARKOTIKA DAN PEMBELIAN KATEGORI TANAMAN NARKOTIKA (STUDI KASUS NO. 1991/PID.SUS/2019/PN MDN)
Authors: Sihotang Lesson , Butar-butar Gelora
Published: April 2021

The problem of narcotics at this time has penetrated all elements of the nation, from children to adults, from the lower classes to officials, even law enforcers are not sterile from narcotics abuse. Its abuse is very dangerous to the future of the younger generation and threatens the existence of national security in a nation, so that it requires rules in the form of laws that regulate so as to reduce the number of abuse and distribution of narcotics. especially in Indonesia.

The problem in this writing leads to the basis for the judge's consideration in imposing capital punishment on intermediary actors of narcotics sale and purchase group 1 (one) not plants in Decision Number: 1991 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn.

Based on the results of the research and discussion carried out by the author in Decision Number: 1991 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn, the basis for the judge's consideration of imposing capital punishment on the intermediary narcotics buying and selling group I non-plant narcotics is based on judges' considerations juridically and non-juridically.considerations, Judicial namely valid evidence in the form of indictment, witness statements, evidence, documentary evidence, statement of the defendant revealed in court. The basis forconsiderations non-juridical consists of background actions, personal conditions, socio-economic conditions.
INTERVENCIÓN DEL TRABAJADOR SOCIAL EN EL PROGRAMA DE ERRADICACIÓN DEL TRABAJO INFANTIL. 2020
Authors: Aragundi Demera Shirley Lisbeth , Menéndez Menéndez Fabian
Published: April 2021

El trabajo infantil es producto de la pobreza arraigada en la sociedad cuyas causas son los bajos salarios, la falta de acceso a la canasta básica y padres que no cuentan con un trabajo digno o niños que crecen en hogares disfuncionales. La intervención de un Trabajador Social es fundamental porque desarrolla estrategias de acercamiento y confianza con los niños que les permita mejorar su calidad de vida y con los padres de familia propiciar una mejor comunicación y colaboración para aportar en la solución de la problemática. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la intervención del Trabajador Social con las familias que participan en el Programa Erradicación de Trabajo Infantil en el sitio Cañitas, de la parroquia Charapotó, cantón Sucre, provincia de Manabí. La metodología es de carácter descriptiva con un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, se trabajó directamente con los niños y padres participantes del programa, empleando las técnicas de la encuesta y entrevista con sus respectivas baterías de preguntas. La investigación permite evaluar el rol del Trabajador Social que interviene en casos de vulneración de derechos infantiles y las técnicas que desarrolla para conciliar espacios de comunicación con los padres que les permita alertar de los riesgos y consecuencias que provoca esta actividad atentatoria contra el sano crecimiento físico, intelectual y emocional de los menores.
ACUERDO COMERCIAL MULTIPARTES Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LAS EXPORTACIONES DE ATÚN AL MERCADO ITALIANO
Authors: Lozano Méndez Jeyca Pamela , Andrade Ortega María De Los Ángeles
Published: April 2021

El presente estudio se ha estructurado sobre las bases del Acuerdo Comercial Multipartes entre la Unión Europea y la Comunidad Andina de Naciones, debido a que representa uno de los mayores mercados del mundo para la región latinoamericana e internacional. El sector exportador de atún del Ecuador representa uno de los principales rubros de la economía nacional para el desarrollo económico – productivo, razón por lo que, este estudio busca analizar los beneficios que brinda el Acuerdo Comercial Multipartes para el incremento y fortalecimiento de este importante sector, destinado a la comercialización en el mercado de la República Italiana. El tipo de investigación es exploratoria y descriptiva y el enfoque de la investigación es cualitativo – cuantitativo, con el objetivo de analizar la expansión y efectos de la industria comercial de pesca de atún en las exportaciones del Ecuador, período 2017 – 2019, dando como resultados que desde la vigencia del Acuerdo Comercial Multipartes, el 1 de enero de 2017, el sector exportador atunero sí se ha beneficiado de su implementación en el mercado nacional, debido a que ha abierto las puertas a uno de los mercados más grandes del mundo y que los representantes del sector exportador atunero del Ecuador consideran que el posicionamiento comercial de la exportación de atún debe ser fortalecido a través de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones. La propuesta de la estrategia comercial para el sector atunero, se ha establecido sobre 6 objetivos estratégicos que buscan promover el mantenimiento y desarrollo de las exportaciones hacia el mercado italiano.
FRONTAL STABILITY OF THE KNEE JOINT AFTER TKA USING A COMPUTER NAVIGATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Alqatawneh Mohammad Ali , Zhuk E. V. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Bespalchuk P. I. ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: April 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the functional results of total knee arthroplasty and knee postoperative stability in the frontal plane in 124 patients (22 men and 102 women) suffering from gonarthrosis, aged 51 to 83 years (average 69.8 years), operated on with using a standard technique (n = 62) or using a computer navigation system (n = 62), observed for 12 months from the moment of surgery. The use of the navigation system made it possible in a number of cases to achieve more accurate resection of the femur and tibia (deviations from the anatomical axis in 6.5 % of cases versus 19.4 % in the control group), as well as to provide the necessary soft tissue tension to achieve the most accurate balance of the knee joint during the entire range of motion after arthroplasty (stress tests founded frontal plain knee instability of the operated knee in 3.2 % cases in navigation group versus 8.1% cases in control group), however, no data on the reliable superiority of the functional results at the indicated follow-up time were found.
AGEISM AS A PROBLEM OF MODERN SOCIETY
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Polyanskaya A. V. , Melnikov R. A. ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: April 2021

In the modern world, there is discrimination against older people because of their age, called ageism. It can manifest itself either in the form of discriminatory policies of States or companies, or in the form of psychological or physical violence against third-age persons. This type of discrimination was described in the 60s of the XX century, but concern about this phenomenon at the level of who and the UN arose only in the early 2000s. Research has established many causes of ageism: negative stereotypes about older people, upbringing, negative experience of interaction between older people and other age groups, etc. There are explicit and latent, deliberate and unintentional ageism. Proposed various methods for the identification of ageism. The article examines the causes of this type of discrimination, forms of its manifestation and existing research methods, and based on the literature data, offers suggestions for possible ways to combat ageism.
APPLICATION OF DYE LEAK TEST FOR GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT TIGHTNESS CONTROL IN BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: Aulas S. , Hlinnik A. , Stebounov S. , Mechinsky V. , Povalishev V. , Rummo O. , Hermanovich V. , Tkachenka A.
Published: April 2021

The problem of obesity is widespread both in the Republic of Belarus and on a global scale. So, according to the WHO, 640 million people in the world suffer from obesity [6]. In the Republic of Belarus in 2015—2016.rasprostranennost' ozhireniya sredi vzroslogo naseleniya sostavlyala 24,5 % [5, 6]. Morbidnoye ozhireniye pri IMT >40 kg/m2, ili >35 kg/m2 pri nalichii soputstvuyushchey patologii, chasto okazyvayetsya refrakternym k konservativnym the prevalence of obesity among the adult population was 24.5 % [5, 6]. Morbid obesity with a BMI >40 kg/m2, or >35 kg/m2 in the presence of concomitant pathology, is often weight loss in patients is precisely surgical intervention [2]. Among the performed bariatric operations, interventions involving gastric resection or bypass surgery prevail. Thus, in the world, the share of gastric bypass surgery on a Roux-type loop is 41.9 %, sleeve gastrectomy is 32.6 %, and the share of mini-gastric bypass is 5.0 % [6]. One of the most common complications after the listed bariatric procedures is the failure of the gastric suture line or anastomoses. After gastric sleeve gastrectomy, the incidence of this complication reaches 3.9 %, and after Roux-en-Y loop gastric bypass surgery — up to 8 % [3,7]
POLYMORPHISM OF STAT4, PTPN22, VEGF, TGF-B, PDCD1 AND PD-L1 GENES IN CHILDREN WITH HEREDITARY NEPHRITIS AND POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Bialkevich A. G. , Sukalo A. V. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Kazyra I. A. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Nikitchenko N. V. , Savina N. V. , Goncharova R. I.
Published: April 2021

The study of the molecular and genetic nature of inherited kidney diseases is relevant in modern nephrology. It allows us to establish the etiology, develop new methods of treatment and prevention. The aim of the research was to study the genetic polymorphism of STAT4, PTPN22, VEGF, TGF-B, PDCD1 and PD-L1 in children with hereditary kidney diseases. The study included patients with hereditary nephritis (n = 40), polycystic kidney disease (n = 26) and chil dren without kidney diseases (n = 416). We use a standard method of phenol-chloroform extraction to isolate genomic DNA. Polymorphic variants of genes were determined using such methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as estriction fragment length polymorphism PCR and real-time PCR. Genotyping of polymorphic of loci rs7574865 and rs 3821236 of the STAT4 gene in the group of patients with polycystic kidney disease compared with the control was observed significant differences in genotype frequencies in boys. The development of polycystic kidney disease is associated with the presence of genotypes GT + TT and minor allele T of the polymorphic locus rs7574865 of the STAT4 gene and genotypes GA + AA and allele A of the polymorphic locus rs3821236 of the STAT4 gene which is especially pronounced in groups of male patients. Analysis of the frequency distribution of genotypes/alleles in the boys confirmed a significant association of the CC genotype and the minor allele C of polymorphic locus rs2297136 of the PD-L1 gene with the risk of development of hereditary nephritis. The frequencies of genotypes/alleles of the polymorphic loci of PTPN22 rs2476601, TGF-B rs1800469, PDCD1 rs11568821 and VEGF rs699947, rs2010963 in children with hereditary nephritis and polycystic kidney disease didn't significantly differ from the similar indicators in the control group.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS FOR PROGRESSION OF SECONDARY GLOMERUPATHIES IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Kozyro I. A. , Sukalo A. V. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Mirilenko A. P.
Published: April 2021

The problem of glomerular kidney damage remains relevant in pediatric nephrology due to the variety of reasons for its development and tendency to progression. According to the data of the Belarusian Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, glomerulopathies (GP) occupy 2nd place in the structure of the causes of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). The peculiarities of the course of GP dictate the need to search for informative predictors of the risk of adverse events, which will predict and prevent renal damage with a high degree of probability. Purpose of the study: to determine the rate of progression of secondary GP in children and to establish the main risk factors for its development. Materials and methods. 118 patients who were under observation and treatment at the Belarusian Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy of the "2nd Children's City Clinical Hospital" in Minsk, aged 3 to 17 years, were included in the study. We used the method of continuous targeted selection of patients with morphologically verified kidney damage due to the systemic disease. The analysis of the data of 4 study groups was carried out: 1) children with SLE, lupus nephritis (LN), retrospective group, n = 30; 2) children with SLE, LN, prospective group, n = 35; 3) patients with nephritis due to IgA vasculitis Schoenlein- Henoch (IgAV), n = 33; 4) patients with nephritis due to systemic vasculitis (SV), including ANCA-associated (AAV), n = 20. The duration of the period from the onset of the disease to reaching the 3rd stage of CKD and predictors that determine the rate of progression of GP using Kaplan-Meier method was studied. Results. Anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, immunological (blood concentration of markers of T and B lymphocyte activation RANTES and BAFF), proinflammatory (caspase 1, IL1e and TNFa), vascular (VEGF) and tissue (TGF1fi) growth factors), metabolic status (adiponectin, leptin, obestatin, vitamin D 25 (OH) D), instrumental, morphological changes were analyzed. Each of the variables was considered as a likely risk factor for the progression of GP. Conclusion. A mathematical model has been developed for predicting the risk of progression of secondary GP in children, including risk factors as predictors: anamnestic factors of kidney damage, non-compliance with therapy, persistent nephrotic proteinuria, increased serum creatinine over 200 umol/l. The predictive accuracy of the model was 93,6 % (95 % CI 84,8-100 %).
Albania COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar S. , Behbehani Ali
Published: April 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Manganese and Sulfur Reduction by Soil Fungi on Post-Coal Mining Areas at Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan
Authors: Widhayasa Bayu , Sudrajat Sudrajat , Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah
Published: April 2021

At such levels, manganese and sulfur can damage ecosystems and water distribution systems and causes serious problems to surrounding water-soil bodies in the post-coal mining areas. Soil fungal has a positive contribution to the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties. This research aims to determine the population size and diversity of soil fungi related to the manganese and sulfur concentrations at various stages of reclamation in East Kalimantan. The numbers of soil fungi increased in the year after reclamation and then decreased after aging for nine years. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cephalosporium, Gliocladium, Humicola, Trichoderma, and Paecilomyces, were among the fungi found colonizing in the soil of the reclamation areas. The numbers of soil fungi were found negatively correlated with manganese concentrations. A negative correlation found between the numbers of soil fungi and sulfur concentrations. The slightly higher number of soil fungi in the reclamation areas can be attributed to lower manganese and sulfur concentrations.
Kajian Macam Pola Tanam Jajar Legowo dan Kombinasi Pupuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Anam Choirul , Qibtiyah Mariyatul , Istiqomah Istiqomah
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted in Botoputih Village, Tikung District, Lamongan Regency. Altitude of ± 6 Masl. Research in February - April 2019. Using Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, which consists of two factors each factor consists of 3 levels which are repeated 3 times, i.e. : Jajar Legowo cropping factor (J) consists of 3 treatments, namely : Jajar Legowo 2:1 cropping pattern (J1), Jajar Legowo 3:1 cropping pattern (J2), Jajar Legowo 4:1 cropping pattern (J4). The fertilizer combination factor (P) consists of 3 treatments, namely : fertilizer combination of Petroganik 500 kg. ha-1 + PHONSKA 300 kg. ha-1 + Urea 200 kg. ha-1 (P1), fertilizer combination of Petroganik 500 kg. ha-1 + Urea 300 kg. ha-1 + SP-36 75 kg. ha-1 + KCl 50 kg. ha-1 (P2), fertilizer combination of Petroganik 500 kg. ha-1 + ZA 300 kg. ha-1 + SP-36 75 kg. ha-1 + KCl 50 kg. ha-1 (P3). The parameters observed included: tall plants, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grain per panicle, weight of wet grain per sample, weight of dry grain per sample, weight of dry grain per hectare and weight of 1000 seeds. Data from observations are calculated by analysis of variance followed by a 5% Least Significance Different (LSD) Test. This study aims to determine the effect of the treatment of legowo jajar cropping patterns and the best combination of fertilizers on rice growth and production. Treatments that provide high productivity are J1P3 (Jajar Legowo 2:1 cropping pattern and fertilizer combination of of Petroganik 500 kg ha-1 + ZA 300 kg. ha-1 + SP-36 75 kg. ha-1 + KCl 50 kg. ha-1)
KAJIAN PENGARUH JUMLAH BIBIT PER LUBANG DAN JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADI (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Amiroh Ana , Nazam Annisa Ullatifah , Suharso Suharso
Published: April 2021

Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) adalah tanaman pokok bagi warga negara Indonesia dimana tanaman ini merupakan tanaman pangan sehari-hari, oleh karena itu kebutuhan padi setiap tahunya meningkat. Di Indonesia kebutuhan tanaman padi semakin melonjak seiring dengan bertambah banyaknya jumlah penduduk. Menurut Anonimous, (2014). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Botoputih Kecamatan Tikung Kabupaten Lamongan, mulai bulan April sampai dengan bulan juni 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan setiap faktor terdiri dari  3 level yaitu: faktor pertama yaitu banyak bibit per lubang yang terdiri dari 3 level yaitu 1 bibit/lubang, 2 bibit/lubang, dan 3 bibit/lubang tanaman. Faktor yang kedua yaitu: jarak tanam dengan 3 level yaitu, 20 x 20 cm, 20 x 25 cm, dan 20 x 30 cm. penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kajian pengaruh jumlah bibit per lubang dan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.). hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara jumlah bibit per lubang dan jarak tanam terhadap semua parameter perlakuan. Perlakuan ini menggunakan 1 bibit/lubang dengan jarak tanam 20 x 30 cm
Kajian Macam Pupuk Majemuk dan Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Padi (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Anam Choirul , Ratnawida Desi Ayu , Qibtiyah Mariyatul
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Bubuk Desa Mayangkawis Kecamatan Balen Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan 3 ulangan, yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu : Macam Pupuk Organik Cair dan Macam Pupuk Majemuk. Faktor perlakuan macam pupuk organik cair terdiri dari 3 perlakuan yaitu: Tanpa Pupuk Organik Cair, POC Biourine Sapi, dan POC Supermax. Faktor Pupuk Majemuk terdiri dari 3 level yaitu : Tanpa Pupuk Majemuk, Pupuk NPK Phonska, dan Pupuk NPK Mutiara.Indikator pertumbuhan dan produksi yang diamati meliputi : tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan per rumpun, jumlah malai, jumlah anakan produksi, berat gabah per hektar, dan berat gabah 1000 bulir. Pengamatan dilaksanakan mulai umur 14 hari dengan interval 7 hari sekali.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh efektivitas pemberian macam pupuk majemuk dan organik cair terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.). Data hasil dari penelitian sejak tanaman berumur 14 hari hingga akhir pengamatan, dianalisa dengan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT 5%.Dari hasil pengamatan dan perhitungan melalui analisa sidik ragam dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa adanya interaksi yang sangat nyata pada perlakuan macam pupuk majemuk dan macam pupuk organik cair pada parameter tinggi tanaman (14 dan 42hst), jumlah anakan per rumpun (14 dan 42 hst), jumlah malai (50 dan 65 hst), dan berat gabah perhektar. Didapat beda sangat nyata terhadap perlakuan macam pupuk majemuk dan macam pupuk organik cair pada parameter tinggi tanaman (14, 28, dan 42 hst), jumlah anakan per rumpun (14, 28, dan 42 hst), jumlah anakan produktif (50 dan 65 hst), dan berat gabah 1000 bulir. Perlakuan POC biourine sapi dan pupuk NPK Mutiara menghasilkan nilai yang lebih baik dari perlakuan lainnya.
PENGARUH KONSORSIUM PBRM (PLANT BENEFICIAL RHIZOSPHERIC MICROORGANISM) DALAM NUE (NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY) PADA PERTUMBUHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Punjungsari Tyas Nyonita , Wibowo Agung Setya , Arriani Intan Fuji , Puspitorini Palupi
Published: April 2021

Corn farm processing in Blitar Regency is very dependent on fertilization using chemicals. The use of chemicals themselves has a negative impact on the environment and health if used continuously. Therefore we need a solution to increase the absorption of nutrients from the soil by plants (nutrient use efficiency), namely the use of beneficial microorganisms, namely PBRM (Plant Beneficial Rhizospheric Microorganism). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a consortium of soil from peanut plants in increasing the growth of corn plants. This research was conducted in May 2019 until September 2019. This study used RAK and was carried out in several stages, the first being planting corn seeds with a combination of NPK and PBRM Consortium, with each of 4 dose levels, K0, K1, K2, K3 Observation indicators consisted of plant height, leaf area, wet weight of cob, dry weight of cob. DMRT test results on the variable Plant Height that the treatment of K2 (1.5 kg Consortium per plant) showed the best results with an average of 7 DAP (9.40) 14 dd (40.96) 28 DAP (102.36) 35 DAP (141, 31) and 42 DAP (172.21) while the age of 21 DAP in the K3 treatment (3 kg consortium) with the average (74.80) which showed the best results on corn plant height. Based on analysis of variance of leaf area observations, it was shown that the administration of PBRM consortium in NUE had a significant effect on the age of 21 DAP, 28 DAP, 35 DAP, and 42 DAP but did not significantly affect the age of 14 HST. In the variable wet weights of K2 treatment cob showed the highest average of 527.33 grams while in the variable dry weight of K2 treatment cob showed the highest average of 493.63 gr.
KAJIAN MACAM DOSIS BIOURINE SAPI DAN PUPUK PHONSKA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Kusumawati Dian Eka , Fauzi Rifki Misbakhul , Anam Choirul , Qibtiyah Mariyatul
Published: April 2021

Kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) merupakan tanaman pangan kelompok kacang-kacangan yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi dan banyak manfaat di berbagai bidang. Baik di bidang kuliner maupun kesehatan. Akan tetapi tingginya manfaat Kacang Tanah ini tidak di dukung dengan produksi yang baik pula, maka dari itu peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan perlakuan Biourine Sapi dan Pupuk Phonska guna meningkatkan produksi tanaman Kacang Tanah. Diduga perlakuan pemberian biourine dengan dosis 7.500 l/ha dan pupuk phonska 100 kg/ha pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kacang tanah akan memberikan hasil yang lebih baik terhadap produksi kacang tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Lamongrejo Kabupaten Lamongan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2019 - Juni 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RAK Faktorial dengan 3 ulangan, yaitu: Dosis Biourine dan Dosis Pupuk Phonska. Faktor Dosis PGPR terdiri dari: Dosis 3500 l/ha, Dosis 5000 l/ha dan Dosis 7500 l/ha. Faktor Dosis Pupuk Phonska yaitu: Dosis 25 kg/ha, Dosis 50 kg/ha, dan Dosis 100 kg/ha. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, Jumlah polong per tanaman, Jumlah polong bernas per tanaman, Bobot polong per tanaman, Bobot polong bernas per petak, Bobot biji per petak, Berat brangkasan basah, Berat brangkasan kering. Pengamatan dilakukan sampai panen setiap 7 hst mulai tanaman berumur 7 hst, dianalisa menggunakan analisa sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT 5%. Dari hasil penelitian melalui analisa sidik ragam disimpulkan bahwa terdapat interaksi pada hampir semua parameter kecuali tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun. Terdapat beda nyata pada perlakuan bobot polong bernas per petak, bobot biji per petak dan berat brangkasan basah. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik umumnya ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan dosis biourine7500 l/ha dan dosispupukphonska 100 kg/ha.