bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impacts of Migration on Land Degradation in the Savannah Region of Nigeria
Authors: Aweda Emmanuel Damilola , Okhimamhe Appollonia Aimiosino , Obateru Rotimi Oluseyi , Schürmann Alina , Teucher Mike , Conrad Christopher
Published: September 2024

Migration-induced land degradation is a challenging environmental issue in Sub-Saharan Africa. The need for expansion due to urban development has raised the question of effective sustainable measures. Understanding migration and land degradation links is paramount for sustainable urban development and resource use. This is particularly true in Nigeria, where elevated migration levels frequently result in accelerated land degradation due to urban expansion. Given the need to understand the impact of migration on land degradation in the Savannah Region of Nigeria (SRN), this study introduces a novel approach by integrating remote sensing data (NDVI, NDBI) with local community perceptions (mixed-methods approach) to assess the impact of migration on land degradation in four migration destination communities located in two local government areas (LGAs) (Sabon Gari East and Sabon Gari West of Fagge LGA; Zuba and Tungamaje of Gwagwalada LGA). We conducted focus group discussions and a semi-structured survey with 360 household heads to obtain a comprehensive view of perceptions. Our findings revealed that 41.1% and 29.5% of the respondents agreed and strongly agreed that migration significantly contributes to land degradation. We analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalised Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) acquired from Landsat 8 datasets for 2014 to 2023. While increasing NDBI values were observed in all communities, a slight decrease in NDVI was noted in Sabon Gari East and Tungamaje. Our analyses highlighted activities leading to land degradation such as land pressure due to built-up expansion at Sabon Gari East, Sabon Gari West, and Tungamaje, and deforestation at Zuba. Based on the varying challenges of migration-induced land degradation, we recommend adequate community participation in suggesting targeted interventions and policies to foster various adaptive capacities and sustainable environments within SRN communities and Sub-Saharan Africa.
A Simple Physics-Based Model of Growth-Based Economies Dependent on a Finite Resource Base
Authors: Mitchell Philip , Patzek Tadeusz
Published: September 2024

Mainstream economics describes virtual wealth with theory that is at odds with the physical laws that govern a nation’s physical resources. This confusion fundamentally prevents the realization of “sustainable” economies. The relation between debt and the metabolism of a country (measured by GDP or power consumption) appears to follow a diffusion relationship, in which debt encodes the temporal evolution of an economic potential. Debt enables the production of resources and the realization of a country’s economic wealth potential (the sum of its environmental, geological, and societal endowments, among others). Any economic scheme dependent on finite stocks of free energy for growth must eventually collapse, and as such cannot be considered sustainable. Our simple debt–diffusion model is shown to closely match the trajectories of 44 different economies.
Developmental Trajectories of Electric Vehicle Research in a Circular Economy: Main Path Analysis
Authors: Hsieh Tang-Min , Chen Kai-Ying
Published: September 2024

This study explored the development history and future trends of academic research on electric vehicles (EVs) in a circular economy. We collected 4127 articles on circular economy and EVs from the Web of Science database, and main path analysis indicated that academic research in the field of EVs in a circular economy has covered the following topics in chronological order: EVs as a power resource; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology; renewable energy and energy storage grids; smart grid and charging station optimization; and sustainable development of energy, water, and environmental systems. Through cluster analysis and data mining, we identified the following main research topics in the aforementioned field: recycling and reuse of EV batteries, charging stations and energy management, V2G systems and renewable energy, power frequency control systems, dynamic economic emissions, and energy management. Finally, data mining and statistical analysis revealed the following emerging research topics in this field from 2020 to 2023: microgrids, deep learning, loop supply chain, blockchain, and automatic generation control. Various achievements have been attained in research on EVs in a circular economy; however, challenges related to aspects such as sustainable battery recycling charging infrastructure and renewable energy integration remain.
Salinity Tolerance Mechanism of Crithmum maritimum L.: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture in Saline Soils
Authors: Colak Esetlili Bihter , Yildiz Aktas Lale , Esetlili M. Tolga , Oztekin Tugba , Kılıc Cenk Ceyhun , Kurucu Yusuf
Published: September 2024

Edible halophytes are attracting attention due to their potential for agriculture in saline and marginal areas. The salt tolerance mechanism was analyzed in Crithmum maritimum L., based on ionic, osmotic, and redox homeostasis strategies under salt stress. The methodology involved growing C. maritimum seeds in pots under controlled greenhouse conditions and exposing them to different NaCl concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM) for five months. High salinity levels decreased plant length and biomass, but the shoot-to-root length and biomass ratio increased significantly. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) were quantified using spectrophotometric analysis, while macro- and micro-nutrient contents were determined via the Kjeldahl method, flame photometry, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Osmolyte accumulation, including proline and glycine betaine, was analyzed using specific biochemical assays, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and POX) were measured to assess redox homeostasis. Photosynthetic pigments in C. maritimum leaves slightly increased at 100 mM NaCl, but significantly declined at 200 and 300 mM NaCl. A high Na content in the shoots indicated no restriction in mineral uptake in the roots. Nitrogen and phosphorus slightly decreased under high salinity. The cation content in the shoots varied: potassium decreased, while calcium and magnesium increased with salinity, although the Mg+2/Na+ and K+/Na+ ratios showed similar declining patterns. The micro-nutrients iron and manganese increased in the shoots, while copper remained unchanged. The content of osmolytes proline and glycine betaine significantly increased under the 200 and 300 mM NaCl treatments. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and POX) decreased at 100 and 200 mM NaCl, but were strongly induced at 300 mM NaCl. The total antiradical activity of the leaves increased with higher salinity levels. Our results indicated that the facultative halophyte characteristics of C. maritimum emerged after exposure to 200 mM NaCl. Increased calcium content may be a key factor in salinity tolerance. We concluded that C. maritimum employs strong osmotic adjustment and redox homeostasis mechanisms, making it a promising candidate for cultivation in saline environments.
The Secondary Home Furnishing Consumer: An Investigation into Psychological Motivations and Purchase Intention
Authors: Slaton Kelcie , Testa Danielle Sponder , Garrett Sean
Published: September 2024

Due to an increased interest in the circular economy, there has been a gradual shift to purchase used items including home furnishings by consumers. The secondhand home furnishing industry is gaining traction in the market and therefore, it is imperative to understand what is driving consumers to shop for these used pieces and adding them to their personal spaces. The purpose of this study was to explore psychological motivations for secondhand home furnishing consumption, including environmental sustainability, functionality, aesthetic style, and economics, and their impact on purchase intention. Guided by the theory of reasoned action, an online survey was administered to home furnishing consumers and data were analyzed quantitatively. Findings supported that the psychological motivations of environmental sustainability, functionality, and aesthetic style positively influenced consumer attitudes with purchase intentions of secondary home furnishing items. The results of this study expand the applicability of the TRA model specifically to secondhand home furnishing consumers. Practically, this study gives insights into secondary home furnishing consumers and their interest in environmental sustainability, functionality, and aesthetically appealing pieces.
Quantitative Analysis of Agricultural Carbon Emissions and Absorption from Agricultural Land Resources in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Liang Qingqing , Yin Fang
Published: September 2024

Agriculture is not only a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions but also a vast carbon sink system. Achieving the “dual carbon” goals—carbon peaking and carbon neutrality—is a major strategic objective for China in the near future. This study focuses on agricultural data from 2010 to 2022 in Shaanxi Province. It begins by analyzing the current economic and environmental conditions of the province and its resource endowment. This study then quantitatively assesses carbon absorption, carbon emissions, and the net carbon sink in agriculture over this period. Additionally, a vector autoregression (VAR) model is used to empirically analyze the relationship between agricultural carbon emissions and their influencing factors in Shaanxi Province. Key findings include the following: (1) From 2010 to 2022, the total carbon emissions from agriculture in Shaanxi Province were controlled to around 3 million tons, showing an overall trend of “growth-slow decline” with fluctuations. The carbon emissions from fertilizer application accounted for approximately 60% of the total carbon emissions from agriculture in Shaanxi Province, with a total volume ranging from 1.623 to 2.164 million tons. The total carbon absorption from agriculture in Shaanxi Province showed an increasing trend with fluctuations year by year from 2010 to 2022, with an average annual increase of 1.367%. (2) Fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, and agricultural diesel are the primary contributors to agricultural carbon emissions. (3) Results from the Johansen cointegration test reveal a long-term equilibrium relationship between agricultural carbon emissions in Shaanxi Province and influencing factors such as fertilizers and pesticides in the short term. The contributions of fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, and agricultural diesel to agricultural carbon emissions are 1.351%, 1.888%, 10.663%, and 0.258%, respectively. (4) The long-term contributions of fertilizers and pesticides to agricultural carbon emissions initially increased before undergoing a gradual attenuation, with average attenuation rates of 1.351% and 1.888%, respectively.
Exploring Project Management Office Models for Public Construction Projects in Hail, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghaseb Mohammed , Alali Hisham
Published: September 2024

The Saudi Vision 2030 initiative is critical to boosting national development, particularly in the construction industry. The construction industry is getting a lot of attention in a variety of ways, the most visible of which is the promotion of best practices, including project management office (PMO) applications. Hail province, like others, is experiencing project delivery issues. Thus, the purpose of this research is to explore the most suitable PMO model for Hail public construction projects. A literature review included an examination of the driving factors for establishing PMOs in construction firms, as well as PMO models and typologies that describe their functions. Therefore, those driving factors and PMO models were examined in a focus group to explore their suitability in the context of Hail. The research findings revealed that the Enterprise PMO is the main model for Hail public construction projects, followed, respectively, by the Program Management Office model and the Project Management Center of Excellence (PMCOE). This method of selection for a PMO model encourages construction companies and related businesses to change in order to improve the sector while also addressing construction project delivery challenges in Hail province.
AI-RCAS: A Real-Time Artificial Intelligence Analysis System for Sustainable Fisheries Management
Authors: Kim Seung-Gyu , Lee Sang-Hyun , Im Tae-Ho
Published: September 2024

This study proposes an Artificial Intelligence-based Real-time Catch Analysis System (AI-RCAS) for sustainable fisheries management. The AI-RCAS, implemented on a Jetson board, consists of fish recognition using YOLOv10, tracking with a ByteTrack algorithm optimized for marine environments, and a counting module. Experiments in actual fishing environments showed significant improvements, with species recognition rates of 74–81%. The system supports the efficient operation of the total allowable catch (TAC) system through real-time analysis, addressing the limitations of the existing Electronic Monitoring (EM) systems. However, challenges remain, including object-tracking difficulties and performance issues in unstable marine environments. Future research should focus on optimizing the fishing process, improving video processing, and expanding the dataset for better generalization.
Analysis of the Sustainable Cooperation between a Multi-Piped Impeller and a Concentric Casing Using Experimental Planning
Authors: Chomiuk Bartłomiej , Skrzypacz Janusz , Bieganowski Marcin
Published: September 2024

Centrifugal pumps are one of the most commonly used devices in all branches of industry. Their application area is very broad and practically related to all sectors of the economy. Such pumps are widely applied in the chemicals industry, liquid gas technology, and machine lubrication systems, among others. On the basis of available data, it can be assumed that pumps consume approximately 27% of the world’s electricity. For this reason, their efficiency has a significant impact on the energy consumption of many technological processes. This article presents a summary of the research concerning the cooperation between a multi-piped impeller and a concentric casing. A multi-piped impeller is a completely new concept of a centrifugal impeller, which is characterized by the fact that the energy of the liquid is transferred as a result of the flow of media through the internal flow channels, and also the flow of media around it. The type and design of the casing, with regard to the flow in it and around the impeller’s pipes, plays an extremely important role. Numerical analysis was used as the main research method, which was based on a rotatable experimental plan. The CFD simulation results were validated on a test stand. Finally, the mathematical model and the rules for selecting the geometric features of such a stator were proposed in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency when cooperating with the multi-piped impeller, which constitutes a scientific novelty.
Predictive Voltage Control in Multi-Modular Matrix Converters under Load Variation and Fault Scenario
Authors: Caballero David , Toledo Sergio , Maqueda Edgar , Ayala Magno , Gregor Raúl , Rivera Marco , Wheeler Patrick
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) strategy to regulate output voltages in a multi-modular matrix converter topology for isolated loads. The converter system harnesses power from a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to deliver sinusoidal voltages to a three-phase load, with LC filters positioned at the output of each MC module within the multi-modular scheme. The proposed MPC approach ensures that the output voltages remain within acceptable ranges of magnitude, phase, and frequency, even under load variations and system faults. This control strategy is particularly suitable for uninterruptible power supply systems, microgrids or other applications where voltage regulation is critical. Experimental studies validate the effectiveness of the control strategy under various load conditions, reference voltage changes, and simulated system fault scenarios. The results highlight the robustness and reliability of the proposed voltage control using the multi-modular matrix converter.
Host Tropism and Structural Biology of ABC Toxin Complexes
Authors: Martin Cole L. , Hill John H. , Aller Stephen G.
Published: September 2024

ABC toxin complexes are a class of protein toxin translocases comprised of a multimeric assembly of protein subunits. Each subunit displays a unique composition, contributing to the formation of a syringe-like nano-machine with natural cargo carrying, targeting, and translocation capabilities. Many of these toxins are insecticidal, drawing increasing interest in agriculture for use as biological pesticides. The A subunit (TcA) is the largest subunit of the complex and contains domains associated with membrane permeation and targeting. The B and C subunits, TcB and TcC, respectively, package into a cocoon-like structure that contains a toxic peptide and are coupled to TcA to form a continuous channel upon final assembly. In this review, we outline the current understanding and gaps in the knowledge pertaining to ABC toxins, highlighting seven published structures of TcAs and how these structures have led to a better understanding of the mechanism of host tropism and toxin translocation. We also highlight similarities and differences between homologues that contribute to variations in host specificity and conformational change. Lastly, we review the biotechnological potential of ABC toxins as both pesticides and cargo-carrying shuttles that enable the transport of peptides into cells.
Dynamics of Two Planets near a 2:1 Resonance: Case Studies of Known and Synthetic Exosystems on a Grid of Initial Configurations
Authors: Makarov Valeri , Goldin Alexey , Veras Dimitri
Published: September 2024

The distribution of period ratios for 580 known two-planet systems is apparently nonuniform, with several sharp peaks and troughs. In particular, the vicinity of the 2:1 commensurability seems to have a deficit of systems. Using Monte Carlo simulations and an empirically inferred population distribution of period ratios, we prove that this apparent dearth of near-resonant systems is not statistically significant. The excess of systems with period ratios in the wider vicinity of the 2:1 resonance is significant, however. Long-term WHFast integrations of a synthetic two-planet system on a grid period ratios from 1.87 through 2.12 reveal that the eccentricity and inclination exchange mechanism between non-resonant planets represents the orbital evolution very well in all cases, except at the exact 2:1 mean motion resonance. This resonance destroys the orderly exchange of eccentricity, while the exchange of inclination still takes place. Additional simulations of the Kepler-113 system on a grid of initial inclinations show that the secular periods of eccentricity and inclination variations are well fitted by a simple hyperbolic cosine function of the initial mutual inclination. We further investigate the six known two-planet systems with period ratios within 2% of the exact 2:1 resonance (TOI-216, KIC 5437945, Kepler-384, HD 82943, HD 73526, HD 155358) on a grid of initial inclinations and for two different initial periastron longitudes corresponding to the aligned and anti-aligned states. All these systems are found to be long-term stable except HD 73526, which is likely a false positive. The periodic orbital momentum exchange is still at work in some of these systems, albeit with much shorter cycling periods of a few years.
The Evolution of Vaccines Development across Salmonella Serovars among Animal Hosts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Siddique Abubakar , Wang Zining , Zhou Haiyang , Huang Linlin , Jia Chenghao , Wang Baikui , Ed-Dra Abdelaziz , Teng Lin , Li Yan , Yue Min
Published: September 2024

Salmonella is a significant zoonotic foodborne pathogen, and the global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains poses substantial challenges, necessitating alternatives to antibiotics. Among these alternatives, vaccines protect the community against infectious diseases effectively. This review aims to summarize the efficacy of developed Salmonella vaccines evaluated in various animal hosts and highlight key transitions for future vaccine studies. A total of 3221 studies retrieved from Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed/Medline databases between 1970 and 2023 were evaluated. One hundred twenty-seven qualified studies discussed the vaccine efficacy against typhoidal and nontyphoidal serovars, including live-attenuated vaccines, killed inactivated vaccines, outer membrane vesicles, outer membrane complexes, conjugate vaccines, subunit vaccines, and the reverse vaccinology approach in different animal hosts. The most efficacious vaccine antigen candidate found was recombinant heat shock protein (rHsp60) with an incomplete Freund’s adjuvant evaluated in a murine model. Overall, bacterial ghost vaccine candidates demonstrated the highest efficacy at 91.25% (95% CI = 83.69–96.67), followed by the reverse vaccinology approach at 83.46% (95% CI = 68.21–94.1) across animal hosts. More than 70% of vaccine studies showed significant production of immune responses, including humoral and cellular, against Salmonella infection. Collectively, the use of innovative methods rather than traditional approaches for the development of new effective vaccines is crucial and warrants in-depth studies.
Virulence and Immune Evasion Strategies of FMDV: Implications for Vaccine Design
Authors: Medina Gisselle N. , Diaz San Segundo Fayna
Published: September 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is globally recognized as a highly economically devastating and prioritized viral disease affecting livestock. Vaccination remains a crucial preventive measure against FMD. The improvement of current vaccine platforms could help control outbreaks, leading to the potential eradication of the disease. In this review, we describe the variances in virulence and immune responses among FMD-susceptible host species, specifically bovines and pigs, highlighting the details of host–pathogen interactions and their impact on the severity of the disease. This knowledge serves as an important foundation for translating our insights into the rational design of vaccines and countermeasure strategies, including the use of interferon as a biotherapeutic agent. Ultimately, in this review, we aim to bridge the gap between our understanding of FMDV biology and the practical approaches to control and potentially eradicate FMD.
An Application of an Initial Full Value of Vaccine Assessment Methodology to Measles-Rubella MAPs for Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Ko Melissa , Frivold Collrane , Mvundura Mercy , Soble Adam , Gregory Christopher , Christiansen Hans , Hasso-Agopsowicz Mateusz , Fu Han , Jit Mark , Hsu Shan , Mistilis Jessica Joyce , Scarna Tiziana , Earle Kristen , Menozzi-Arnaud Marion , Giersing Birgitte , Jarrahian Courtney , Yakubu Ahmadu , Malvolti Stefano , Amorij Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2024

Measles and rubella micro-array patches (MR-MAPs) are a promising innovation to address limitations of the current needle and syringe (N&S) presentation due to their single-dose presentation, ease of use, and improved thermostability. To direct and accelerate further research and interventions, an initial full value vaccine assessment (iFVVA) was initiated prior to MR-MAPs entering phase I trials to quantify their value and identify key data gaps and challenges. The iFVVA utilized a mixed-methods approach with rapid assessment of literature, stakeholder interviews and surveys, and quantitative data analyses to (i) assess global need for improved MR vaccines and how MR-MAPs could address MR problem statements; (ii) estimate costs and benefits of MR-MAPs; (iii) identify the best pathway from development to delivery; and (iv) identify outstanding areas of need where stakeholder intervention can be helpful. These analyses found that if MR-MAPs are broadly deployed, they can potentially reach an additional 80 million children compared to the N&S presentation between 2030–2040. MR-MAPs can avert up to 37 million measles cases, 400,000 measles deaths, and 26 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). MR-MAPs with the most optimal product characteristics of low price, controlled temperature chain (CTC) properties, and small cold chain volumes were shown to be cost saving for routine immunization (RI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to N&S. Uncertainties about price and future vaccine coverage impact the potential cost-effectiveness of introducing MR-MAPs in LMICs, indicating that it could be cost-effective in 16–81% of LMICs. Furthermore, this iFVVA highlighted the importance of upfront donor investment in manufacturing set-up and clinical studies and the critical influence of an appropriate price to ensure country and manufacturer financial sustainability. To ensure that MR-MAPs achieve the greatest public health benefit, MAP developers, vaccine manufacturers, donors, financiers, and policy- and decision-makers will need close collaboration and open communications.
Advanced Storage Systems for Electric Mobility
Authors: Donateo Teresa
Published: September 2024

Electrified vehicles (EVs) are increasingly integrated into modern air, road, and water transportation systems [...]
Short-Term Warming Induces Cyanobacterial Blooms and Antibiotic Resistance in Freshwater Lake, as Revealed by Metagenomics Analysis
Authors: Manna Bharat , Jay Emma , Zhang Wensi , Zhou Xueyang , Lyu Boyu , Thomas Gevargis Muramthookil , Singhal Naresh
Published: September 2024

Climate change threatens freshwater ecosystems, potentially intensifying cyanobacterial blooms and antibiotic resistance. We investigated these risks in Cosseys Reservoir, New Zealand, using short-term warming simulations (22 °C, 24 °C, and 27 °C) with additional oxidative stress treatments. A metagenomic analysis revealed significant community shifts under warming. The cyanobacterial abundance increased from 6.11% to 20.53% at 24 °C, with Microcystaceae and Nostocaceae proliferating considerably. The microcystin synthesis gene (mcy) cluster showed a strong association with cyanobacterial abundance. Cyanobacteria exhibited enhanced nutrient acquisition (pstS gene) and an upregulated nitrogen metabolism under warming. Concurrently, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) increased, particularly multidrug resistance genes (50.82% of total ARGs). A co-association network analysis identified the key antibiotic-resistant bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baylyi) and ARGs (e.g., acrB, MexK, rpoB2, and bacA) central to resistance dissemination under warming conditions. Oxidative stress exacerbated both cyanobacterial growth and ARGs’ proliferation, especially efflux pump genes (e.g., acrB, adeJ, ceoB, emrB, MexK, and muxB). This study demonstrated that even modest warming (2–5 °C) could promote both toxic cyanobacteria and antibiotic resistance. These findings underscore the synergistic effects of temperature and oxidative stress posed by climate change on water quality and public health, emphasizing the need for targeted management strategies in freshwater ecosystems. Future research should focus on long-term impacts and potential mitigation measures.
Research on Failure Pressure Prediction of Water Supply Pipe Based on GA-BP Neural Network
Authors: Li Qingfu , Li Zeyi
Published: September 2024

The water supply pipeline is regarded as the “lifeline” of the city. In recent years, pipeline accidents caused by aging and other factors are common and have caused large economic losses. Therefore, in order to avoid large economic losses, it is necessary to analyze the failure prediction of pipelines so that the pipelines that are going to fail can be replaced in a timely manner. In this paper, we propose a method for predicting the failure pressure of pipelines, i.e., a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the weights and thresholds of a BP neural network. The first step was to determine the topology of the neural network and the number of input and output variables. The second step was to optimize the weights and thresholds initially set for the back propagation neural network using a genetic algorithm. Finally, the optimized back-propagation neural network was used to simulate and predict pipeline failures. It was proved by examples that compared with the separate back propagation neural network model and the optimized and trained genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network, the model performed better in simulation prediction, and the prediction accuracy could reach up to 91%, whereas the unoptimized back propagation neural network model could only reach 85%. It is feasible to apply this model for fault prediction of pipelines.
Enhanced Removal of Refractory Organic Compounds from Coking Wastewater Using Polyaluminum Chloride with Coagulant Aids
Authors: Sun Huifang , Zhou Yifan , Du Mengfan , Du Zhiping
Published: September 2024

This study explores the enhanced removal of refractory organic compounds from coking wastewater using polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with two different basicity levels (0.5 and 2.5), in combination with coagulant aids such as cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and iron ions. The results demonstrated that both PACl formulations significantly outperformed commercial PACl in terms of COD and color removal, with PACl at the basicity of 2.5 achieving slightly higher efficiency than PACl at the basicity of 0.5. The improved performance was attributed to the higher content of polymeric aluminum species, enhancing charge neutralization and bridging adsorption. The addition of coagulant aids further improved the performance, with PACl at the basicity of 2.5 combined with iron ions achieving the highest COD (48.41%) and color removal (80.77%), due to sweep coagulation and complexation. Organic composition analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy indicated that PACl combined with iron ions was the most effective in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds. Additionally, a floc analysis showed that the flocs formed with iron ions were more compact and had better settleability compared to those formed with CPAM, further contributing to the improved coagulation efficiency. These results highlight the importance of optimizing the PACl basicity and coagulant aid selection for the enhanced removal of refractory organic compounds from coking wastewater, offering a promising strategy for advanced wastewater treatment.
Response to Pumping of Wells in Carbonate and Karst Aquifers and Effect on the Assessment of Sustainable Well Yield: Some Examples from Southern Italy
Authors: Piscopo Vincenzo , Paoletti Matteo , Sbarbati Chiara
Published: September 2024

Carbonate and karst aquifers are of great importance for human water supplies, for supporting aquatic habitats and providing ecosystem services. Optimizing the groundwater withdrawals is therefore essential for obtaining the maximum flow rate for human purposes while minimizing the negative effects on the environment. In particular, when the abstraction of groundwater occurs through wells, the problem of defining the sustainable yield arises. This study analyzes pumping tests conducted in carbonate and karst aquifers in southern Italy to derive indications for defining the sustainable yield of yields. The four examined cases concern the Mesozoic–Cenozoic platform and transition pelagic carbonate rocks characterized by different degree of fracturing and karstification and hosting a carbonate aquifer with variable average groundwater yields. The analysis compared drawdown–time trends and their derivatives for 35 pumping tests with theoretical curves to identify the flow dimension. Parameters useful for examining the well yields were then determined. The results show that the response to the pumping of the investigated aquifers is very variable, both among the different sites and within the same site. Well yields are very different due to aquifer heterogeneity, local hydrostratigraphy and structural setting, and position of the pumping center within the groundwater flow system. To determine the operational pumping rate for a well in this environment, this study emphasizes the importance of analyzing drawdown trends over time to correctly predict the well’s long-term response to pumping. Specifically, when pumping induces a steady-state drawdown response, the focus for defining the sustainable abstraction shifts to the basin or aquifer scale. Conversely, when a transient drawdown response to pumping results, the well’s capacity to capture groundwater becomes the primary factor for well yield and its sustainability.
In Vitro Potential of Antioxidant Extracts from Gracilaria gracilis Cultivated in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) for Marine Biobased Sector
Authors: Manuguerra Simona , Arena Rosaria , Curcuraci Eleonora , Renda Giuseppe , Rannou Maxime , Hellio Claire , Messina Concetta Maria , Santulli Andrea
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds extracted from Gracilaria gracilis cultivated in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system by different extraction solvents and to investigate the potential capacity of the extracts in cellular systems against environmental pollutants. The global yields, total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activity were assessed on G. gracilis by DPPH radical scavenging activity, comparing the antioxidant extraction efficiency of the different solvents (ethanol 80%, acetone 70%, N-hexane, and water). Ethanol extract, granted by the highest extractive yield and antioxidant capacity, was tested in vitro in the Sparus aurata fibroblast (SAF-1) cell line to evaluate its protective role against oxidative stress induced by the chemical flame retardant 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). The results demonstrate that the cells pretreated with G. gracilis extract were protected against oxidative stress and had improved cell viability, cellular antioxidant defense system, and cell cycle control, as demonstrated by the gene expression on some biomarkers related to the cell cycle (p53) and oxidative stress (nrf2, sod, and cat). These results confirm that bioactive compounds obtained from seaweeds cultivated in IMTAs could contribute to producing high-value ingredients that are able to counteract environmental stressors, for the growth of the marine biobased industrial sector and the expansion of new value chains.
Ichthyoplankton Assemblages from the Coasts of Hamsilos Nature Park, Sinop, Southern Black Sea: Biodiversity, Abundance, and Relationships with Environmental Variables
Authors: Uygun Orçin , Üstün Funda
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted using monthly data collected between July 2015 and June 2016 in the marine area of Hamsilos Nature Park, located in Sinop, Southern Black Sea. The primary objectives were to determine the diversity of ichthyoplankton assemblages, examine seasonal variations, assess spatial differences between the inner and outer parts of Hamsilos Bay, and highlight the ecological relationships of the predominant species with environmental factors. The comprehensive collection during the study resulted in a mean abundance of 2217 eggs.10 m2 and 2743 larvae.10 m2, with 28 species belonging to 21 families identified. Specifically, Engraulis encrasicolus is the most abundant in spring and summer, Gaidropsarus mediterraneus is the most abundant in autumn, and Sprattus sprattus is the most abundant in winter. A temporal analysis revealed the highest abundances in August, September, and July, with the lowest in April, May, and February. Significant seasonal differences in abundance and diversity were detected. No spatial differences were found between the inner and outer areas of Hamsilos Bay. Small pelagic species dominated the ichthyoplankton community, while demersal species, though diverse, were less abundant. According to the results of the DistLM analysis, the structure of the ichthyoplankton community is influenced by temperature and salinity. During the study, the water temperature ranged from 8.35 °C in February to 25.50 °C in August, and the salinity varied from 17.67 psu in September to 19.04 psu in May.
Outcomes for older people with screening-detected versus existing chronic kidney disease: a cohort study with data linkage
Authors: Forbes Anna K , Ordóñez-Mena José M , Mei Winnie , Taylor Clare J , Jones Nicholas , Hirst Jennifer A , Hobbs FD Richard
Published: September 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common health problem associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and premature death. It is estimated that one-third of people aged ≥70 years have CKD globally, many of whom are undiagnosed, but little is known about the value of screening.

Aim

To compare the risk of adverse health outcomes between people with an existing diagnosis of CKD and those identified through screening, and identify factors associated with mortality in CKD.

Design & setting

Prospective cohort study of 892 primary care patients aged ≥60 years with CKD (existing and screening detected) in Oxfordshire, with data linkage to civil death registry and secondary care.

Method

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models to compare the risk of all-cause mortality, hospitalisation, CVD, ESKD separately, and as a composite between CKD groups, as well as to identify factors associated with mortality.

Results

After a median follow-up of 3–5 years, 49 people died, 512 were hospitalised, 78 had an incident CVD event, and none had an ESKD event. There was no difference in the composite outcome between those with existing CKD and those identified through screening (HR 0.94, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.33). Older age (HR 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.15), male sex (HR 2.31, 95% CI = 1.26 to 4.24), and heart failure (HR 5.18, 95% CI = 2.45 to 10.97) were associated with increased risk of death.

Conclusion

Screening older people for CKD may be of value, as their risk of short-term mortality, hospitalisation, and CVD is comparable with people routinely diagnosed. Larger studies with longer follow-up in more diverse and representative populations of older adults are needed to corroborate these findings.
O Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta e sua influência na Polícia Militar do Paraná, devido a Lei do Estado do Paraná nº 20.656 de 03 de agosto de 2021
Authors: Santos Carlos Alberto dos
Published: September 2024

O estudo analisa a aplicabilidade do Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta (TAC) na Polícia Militar do Paraná (PMPR), nos casos em que a inadimplência contratual por empresas privadas, que participam de processos licitatórios já na fase de cumprimento do que fora acordado contratualmente, venham a incidir em algum descumprimento que acarreta prejuízo para a administração pública. O foco do estudo, permeia na alternatividade do Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta em detrimento do Processo de Administrativo de Apuração de Responsabilidade (PAAR), o qual é mais gravoso para a iniciativa privada no quesito sanções e privações futuras em processos licitatórios com a administração pública. Sendo assim, em razão da legislação do (TAC), Lei nº 20.656 de 03 de agosto de 2021, não ser longeva nos processos administrativos no Estado do Paraná e, por conseguinte, na PMPR, cabe sua análise traçando um paralelo entre as hipóteses mais salutares e em especial avaliação, quanto sua incidência nos contratos da Instituição. Diante da análise realizada, concluiu-se que a aplicação do Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta pela PMPR é mais vantajosa, contudo, é necessário que a Instituição promova atualizações nas suas normativas internas que corroborem com a legislação estadual ou federal, aperfeiçoando os aspectos relacionados aos contratos estabelecidos com a iniciativa privada, revisitando sua legislação interna, buscando o melhor caminho técnico/jurídico e aplicabilidade dos instrumentos disponíveis no direito administrativo.
رحلات جلفر في موطنه الأصلي وفي العالم العربي : مسيرة متعثرة (باللغة الانجليزية)
Authors: محمد رجا الدريني
Published: September 2024

رغم رواج كتاب رحلات جلفر وشهرته في جميع أنحاء العالم فإن مسيرته في موطنه الأصلي لم تكن دائماً في صعود، بل تعرضت لفترات من الهبوط وخصوصاً خلال النصف الثاني من القرن الثامن عشر ومعظم القرن التاسع عشر، وتعرض الكتاب ومؤلفه لانتقادات حادَّة وغاضبة من كثيرين من النقاد والمفكرين الذين اتهموا الرحلة الثالثة من رحلات جلفر بالضعف والتفكك، والرحلة الرابعة بالبذاءة والفحش، والمؤلف بالحقد والجنون. وكثير من النقاد دعوا القراء إلى الاستمتاع بقصة الرحلتين الأولى والثانية وتجاهُلِ وجود الرحلتين الثالثة والرابعة. ونتيجة لهذه الدعوة عمد بعض الناشرين إلى تجزئة الكتاب ونشر الرحلتين الأولى والثانية وإهمال الرحلتين الثالثة والرابعة، وعمد بعضهم إلى تهذيب نصوص الكتاب الأصلي أوتنقيحها أو اختصارها.

هذا الموقف من كتاب رحلات جلفر هو الذي هَيْمن على مسيرته في العالم العربي وتركَّز اهتمام المترجمين والناشرين العرب على قصة الرحلتين الأولى والثانية، وعلى العنصر القصصي الممتع والجذاب فيهما، وتواتر إهمال المضامين الأدبية والفكرية الجادة. ونجم عن هذا أنه استقر في أذهان أغلبية القراء العرب أن رحلات جلفر ليست سوى قصة ممتعة عن رحلة جلفر إلى بلاد الأقزام ورحلته إلى بلاد العمالقة، وقصة تروق فقط للأطفال والصبيان والناشئة.

ويعرض البحث بقدر من التفصيل تاريخ مسيرة كتاب رحلات جلفر في موطنه الأصلي وما طرأ عليها من تحسن في القرن العشرين، ثم يستعرض مسيرته في العالم العربي على أيدي المترجمين والناشرين منذ 1909 حتى عام 1987، وبين ما أحْدثهُ هؤلاء في الكتاب من تجزئة وتهذيب وتغيير وتحريف، وما نجم عن ذلك من رواج مفاهيم مغلوطة ومضللة لدى القراء العرب عن طبيعة الكتاب وشكله ومادته ومضمونه وأهدافه، وعن نوع القراء الذين يخاطبهم. وفي الختام يقدم البحث عدداً من الاقتراحات حول مؤهلات المترجم الذي يحق له أن ينقل تراث الآخرين إلينا وتراثنا إلى الآخرين، وحول المنهج السليم والبناء في ممارسة ترجمة الروائع الأدبية من لغة إلى أخرى.
تبني اللغة القومية : دراسة لحالة من التحديات في دولتين ناميتين : الجزائر وتونس ، ومقاطعة كويبك بكندا (باللغة الانجليزية).
Authors: محمود الحبيب الذوادي
Published: September 2024

تُعالج هذه الدراسة موضوع عملية تبني اللغة القومية في المجتمعين الجزائري والتونسي من العالم الثالث من ناحية وفي مجتمع مقاطعة كويبك Québec من العالم المتقدم من ناحية أخرى. نركز هنا تحليلنا على دور القيادة السياسية الحاكمة في نجاح أو تعثر عملية تبني اللغة في كل من هذه المجتمعات الثلاثة. فوقعت الدراسة على ثلاثة عوامل ( متغيرات) يفترض أنها ذات ثقل بالنسبة لعملية تبني اللغة. هذه المؤثرات الثلاثة هي: التكوين الثقافي لأعضاء القيادة السياسية، والتكوين الثقافي لرئيس القيادة، والانتماء الأيديولوجي للقيادة ككل. فاتضح من معطيات الدراسة أن دور العامل الأيديولوجي هو الأكثر حسماً - سلباً أو إيجاباً - في عملية تبني اللغة في هذه المجتمعات الثلاثة.
الحاجب المصحفي : حياته وآثاره الأدبية.
Authors: حسين يوسف خريوش
Published: September 2024

يتناول هذا البحث الحاجبَ الـمُصْحَفيَّ في حياته وآثاره الأدبَّية: الشعرية والنثرية.

يعرض القسم الأول من البحث لحياته؛ ويعمل على إبراز « جوانب تاريخيَّة » دقيقة، بالمقارنة والمعارضة، بينه وبين خصمه ابن أبي عامـر، الذي عمل على إسقاطه عن « الحجابة » والانفراد بها دونه في سنة 367هـ/ 978م.

أما الجانب الآخر، فهو دراسة أشعاره التي جمعناها من مصادرها المختلفة، ثم دراسة الجانب النثري الذي تشتمل عليه رسائلُهُ « الدِّيوانية ».
المخاوف المرضية عند طلاب الجامعة الكويتيين.
Authors: بدر محمد الأنصاري
Published: September 2024

تزايد الاهتمام حديثاً بدراسة المخاوف المرضية في مرحلة الشباب؛ وذلك لتحقيق أهداف إرشادية وعلاجية، وفهم طبيعة المخاوف ومعدلاتها في مرحلة الشباب، وتهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى إعداد قائمة كويتية للمخاوف المرضية، تتمتع بخصائص سيكومترية مقبولة من ناحية الثبات والصدق مع بيان تركيبها العاملي ووضع معايير لكل جنس على حدة ومن ثم تعرف الفروق بين الجنسين في المخاوف المرضية. تكونت عينة الدراسة الأساسية من (867 ) طالباً وطالبة، بــواقع (381) طالباً و(486) طالبة من الكويتيين من مختلف كليات جامعة الكويت. وقد مر إعداد القائمة بمراحل عدة، وتشتمل القائمة - في صورتها النهائية - على (52) بنداً يجاب عن كل منها على أساس خمسة بدائل، وكانت جميع معاملات الثبات مقبولة بطريقة معامل ألفا وطريقة القسمة النصفية وطريقة إعادة التطبيق، وكشف التركيب العاملي للقائمة عن تركيب غير بسيط لدى الذكور (11) عاملاً والإناث (13) عاملاً، وتم أيضاً وضع معايير للقائمة درجات معيارية ورتب ميئنية، وكشفت نتائج الدراسة عن وجود فروق جوهرية بين الجنسين في (51) نوعاً من أنواع المخاوف؛ إذ حصلت الإناث على متوسطات أعلى من الذكور، وبذلك، تقدم نتائج هذه الدراسة بعداً إضافياً للدراسات النفسية في هذا المجال.
اتجاهات الشباب والمراهقين نحو العمل الفني الصناعي في المجتمع القطري.
Authors: كلثم علي الغانم
Published: September 2024

إن الكشف عن دور العوامل الاجتماعية والثقافية في تشكيل الاتجاهات نحو العمل ، وبالذات العمل في مهن معينة أصبح عملية ضرورية وبخاصة أن مجتمعات الخليج تواجه مشكلات عزوف قوة العمل الوطنية عن العمل في مجالات معينة ، ولاسيما العمل في المهن الفنية ، والقطاع الصناعي تحديداً ، وذلك في الوقت الذي تحتاج فيه هذه المجتمعات إلى تكثيف لوجود قوى العمل الوطنية في مشروعات التنمية الصناعية ، بعد زيادة الاتجاه نحو تخصيص استثمارات ضخمة في هذا المجال. هذا إلى جانب أن عزوف العمالة الوطنية عن هذا القطاع الإنتاجي المهم يحرمها من فرص التطور النوعي التي يوفرها العمل في الصناعة ، مثل طبيعة المهارات ، الاحتكاك بالتكنولوجيا المتقدمة ، الخبرة التنظيمية ، ثقافة العمل الصناعي .. إلخ.

وبناء على ذلك فإن هذه الدراسة تحاول ، أولاً : تحديد طبيعة اتجاهات الشباب نحو هذه المهن الفنية الصناعية ، وثانياً : الوقوف على العوامل التي أسهمت في خلق تلك الاتجاهات ، وبخاصة أن هذه الشريحة هي بمنزلة مؤشر على اتجاهات قوى العمل في المستقبل ، ونحو أي من أنواع المهن والقطاعات ، بوصف هذه الشريحة قوة العمل المتوقع أن تنخرط في القطاع المهني قريباً.

كما أن هذه الدراسة بمنزلة مؤشر حول مستقبل إحلال العمالة الوطنية وتوطينها في القطاع الصناعي ، وفي المهن الفنية بصورة خاصة.

وقد أوضحت نتائج الدراسة الميدانية التي قاست اتجاه 400 شاب يقعون في الفئة العمرية من 15- 19 ومن 20 – 24 ، أن هناك اتجاهاً سلبياً نحو العمل بالمهن الفنية الصناعية عند عينة الدراسة ، وانخفاض مكانة العمل الفني الصناعي لدى عدد كبير منهم ، ووجود اتجاه سلبي نحو التعليم الصناعي ( الذي يعد الطالب لممارسة هذا النوع من المهن )، وتأثر اتجاهات أفراد العينة ببعض المتغيرات الاجتماعية ، مثل : خصائص الأسرة ، مستوى تعليم الوالدين ، المرحلة التعليمية التي ينتمي إليها الشاب.

وخرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات في مجال تعديل القيم ، والسياسات التربوية ، وأنماط التنشئة الاجتماعية.