bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENTIATION OF INFLORESCENCES IN SEEDLINGS OF TWO CULTIVARS OF GERANIUM
Authors: Yin Suzhen , Graham Effin T. , Starman Terri W. , Joshi Priyavadan A.
Published: April 2024

Histological samples were collected from 1st to 10th and 1st to 13th leaf stages (1 cm leaf size) from `Multibloom Scarlet' and `Red Elite' respectively. The tissues were fixed with formaldehyde-acetic acid-ethanol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 10 μm, and median longitudinal sections were stained with hematoxylin-Alcian blue. The earliest signal of inflorescence development was flattening of a meristematic structure which differentiated laterally adjacent to the apical meristem. This event had occurred by the 5th and 8th leaf stages in `Multibloom Scarlet' and `Red Elite' respectively. The results observed in paraffin sections were confirmed with stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
KENAF FIBER CORE AS A VERMICULITE SUBSTITUTE IN PEAT-BASED MEDIA FOR GROWING GREENHOUSE BEDDING PLANTS
Authors: Howell J'Lynn , Dueitt Shelly D. , Newman Steven E.
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using kenaf fiber core as a vermiculite substitute in sphagnum peat moss-based media for growing greenhouse plants. Fiber core is a by-product of kenaf, an alternative fiber crop, which is being evaluated in Mississippi. Begonia semperflorens `Vodka', Impatiens wallerana `Super Elfin Red', `Super Elfin Red Velvet' and `Blue Pearl', Catharanthus roseus `Cooler Peppermint', and Salvia splendens `Empire Lilac' were transplanted into 10 cm pots containing peat moss-based media modified with various forms of core and/or vermiculite. Finely ground or coarse core was used in fresh or composted form and charged or not charged with nitrogen. Core used as poultry litter and composted was also included. Vermiculite was substituted (by volume) as follows: 5 peat: 5 vermiculite: 0 kenaf, 5 peat: 4 vermiculite: 1 kenaf, 5 peat: 3 vermiculite: 2 kenaf, 5 peat: 2 vermiculite: 3 kenaf, 5 peat: 1 vermiculite: 4 kenaf, and 5 peat: 0 vermiculite: 5 kenaf. Plant growth was reduced as the volume of kenaf increased in the media.
STORAGE STABILITY OF PARTIALLY PROCESSED CARROT SLICES, STICKS, AND SHREDS
Authors: Izumi Hidemi , Watada Alley E.
Published: April 2024

Changes in quality of carrot slices, sticks, and shreds were investigated during storage at 0, 5 and 10C. The surface area per gram tissue was the greatest in shreds, followed by sticks and then slices. Weight loss showed a tendency to be greater in shreds than in slices or sticks at all temperatures. The microbial population from tissue surfaces increased on all cut forms with storage period; shreds contained the highest bacterial population, followed by sticks and slices at all temperatures. The texture of sticks, based on standard shear compression cell measurements, was greater than that of slices and shreds throughout storage at all temperatures. At 5 and 10C, the texture of slices was slightly greater than that of shreds. The surface color of all cut forms gradually faded during storage at all temperatures, although chroma value differed among cut forms. These results indicate that carrot shreds are more perishable than slices or sticks. However, we also observed that more Ca was absorbed by the shreds than by slices or sticks, so the quality of shreds may be regulated more effectively by various dip treatments.
BELL PEPPER INJURIES AND BACTERIAL SOFT ROT IN COMMERCIAL POSTHARVEST HANDLING SYSTEMS
Authors: Carballo Sergio J. , Blankenship Sylvia M. , Sanders Douglas C. , Ritchie David F. , Boyette Michael D.
Published: April 2024

Commercial postharvest handling systems were surveyed during two seasons to study handling methods on susceptibility of bell pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L.) to bacterial soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora). Fruit samples were taken from two field packers and one packing house in 1991 and two field packers and four packing houses in 1992. Numbers of injured fruits were classified as crushed, bruised, abraded or other. Fruits were inoculated with bacteria or left untreated then stored at 10 or 21° C. Fruit injury was less dependent on whether the operation was a packing house or a field packing line than on individual grower handling practices. In general, packing peppers in packing houses resulted in increased bruises while field packing increased abrasions. More open skin injuries, but not necessarily total injuries, resulted in more decay. In some situations, when chlorination was applied in packing lines, a reduction in rotted fruits from the field was observed.
INCREASE IN ACID INVERTASE ACTIVITY AND ACCUMULATION OF REDUCING SUGAR IN POTATOES STORED AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND PURIFICATION OF ACID INVERTASE
Authors: Zhou Dingbo , Solomos Theophanes
Published: April 2024

It is well known that storage of potato tubers at chilling temperatures results in an increase in the content of simple sugars, mainly sucrose, glucose, and fructose. We have observed that in Russet Burbank potatoes sucrose is the first sugar to accumulate, followed by a rise in glucose and fructose. The ratio of the increment of glucose to fructose is one, indicating that sucrose is the sole source for the reducing sugars. Our data show that there is a close temporal relationship between the accumulation of reducing sugars and rise in the activity of acid invertase (AI). Purification of combining Con A-Sepharose 4B affinity followed by DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange columns resulted in 144-fold purification of AI. SDS-PAGE indicating that the above procedure resulted in the concentration of 58 kDa polypeptide. IEF electrophoresis revealed the presence of five isoforms of AI with the following pI: 5.16, 5.25, 5.37, 5.55, 5.85. Two-D gel electrophoresis (native-to-denature) showed that a polypeptide of 49.48 kDa was associated with all isoforms of AI. There were also two addition polypeptides with 37.94 and 20.07 kDa which could be breakdown products of the 58 kDa protein or subunits of AI.
INSECTICIDAL CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES FOR WHITEFLY DISINFESTATION
Authors: Han Susan S. , Nobel Jennifer
Published: April 2024

Whitefly infestation arises frequently from plant materials that were infested at the start of the season. Use of insecticidal controlled atmospheres (CA) with O levels < 1% and/or CO2 levels > 50% have proved effective in killing various species of insects on edible commodities. A CA treatment may also be used to eliminate whitefly on floricultural products. Our studies on the effects of insecticidal CA on greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium) showed that elevated CO2 (25% or 50%) eliminated all adult greenhouse whitefly in ≤10 hours but the same treatment had little effect on eggs and pupae. Further investigation revealed that insecticidal low oxygen treatment has a greater effect and 100% mortality of eggs, nymphs, and adults were obtained with 8, 4, and 2 hr of anoxic conditions (100% N2), respectively. Preliminary trials also indicated that 8 hr of anoxic atmosphere prevents the emergence of pupae. The use of no or low-O2 CA is, thus, potentially a good treatment for elimination of all stages of whitefly.
INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCK, SOIL TEMPERATURE, PHOTOPERIOD, AND FORCING METHOD ON GROWTH OF CITRUS NURSERY TREES
Authors: Al-Jaleel Ali A. , Williamson J. G.
Published: April 2024

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of rootstock, soil temperature, photoperiod and forcing method on scion budbreak and growth of Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi (L.) Raf. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Osb.] and Cleopatra mandarin [C. reticulata Blanco] seedlings budded with `Hamlin' orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.]. In experiment 1, budded Swingle (S) and Cleopatra (C) seedlings were exposed to root temperatures of (15 or 25°C) for six weeks following scion bud forcing. In experiment 2, budded S and C seedlings were grown in a greenhouse using three photoperiods (8, 12, and 16 hours). In a third experiment, scion buds were forced by: (1) cutting off the seedling top; (2) bending the seedling top over; or (3) bending plus 6-benzylamino purine (500 ppm) and grown at two soil temperatures (15 or 25°C). For S, the high soil temperature (25°C) resulted in greater percent scion budbreak, a shorter period from forcing to budbreak, and greater scion growth than the low soil temperature. However, for C, there was no difference in growth between high and low soil temperatures. Cutting forced buds of S plants better than bending at low soil temperatures. But scion growth was less compared to cutting at high soil temperatures. Photoperiod and the hormonal treatment had little effect on budbreak and scion growth.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BETA-TUBULIN GENE FAMILY IN HERBICIDE-RESISTANT AND -SUSCEPTIBLE GOOSEGRASS [ELEUSINE INDICA (L.) GAERTN.]
Authors: Mysore Kirankumar S. , Baird Wm. V.
Published: April 2024

Goosegrass is a noxious weed in cotton fields as well as in other agronomic and horticultural crops. Normally this weed has been effectively controlled by the pre-emergent dinitroaniline herbicides. Recently a dinitroaniline resistant biotype of goosegrass has been reported from cotton fields in the southeastern U.S.(Mudge et ai., 1984, Weed Science 32 : 591-94). At the subcellular level, the dinitroanilines appear to affect the stability of the microtubules by altering the polymerization/depolymerization cycle of the tubulin monomers. Therefore this herbicide would deleteriously affect vital cellular functions, such as nuclear and cell division in susceptible plants. There is a question regarding the presence and role of an altered beta-tubulin in the herbicide response phenotype expressed by the resistant biotype of goosegrass (Vaughn et al., 1987, Plant Physiol 83 : 956-64 ; Waldin et ai., 1992, Planta 188 : 256-64). We have undertaken an analysis of the beta-tubulin gene(s) in goosegrass to clarify the role of beta tubulin in the herbicide response phenotype. Initial results, from Southern blot analysis using heterologous gene probes, indicate 4 to 6 members in the gene family. We will report the results of our on going studies to characterize the size, structure and complexity of the beta-tubulin multigene family in goosegrass.
REDUCTION OF APPLE SUNBURN WITH CELLULOSE FIBERS
Authors: Rogoyski Matthew K. , Gaus Alvan G. , Larsen Harold J.
Published: April 2024

Reduction of heat stress disorders of `Golden Delicious' apples, such as sunburn, has been accomplished with cellulose fibers that modify reflective fruit surface properties. Incidence of sunburn on apples, directly exposed to sunlight, was decreased from 38% for untreated fruit to 12.5% for apples treated with cellulose fibers and binding agent and to 25.1% for apples treated with the binding agent only. Field stability of the binding agent (1% colloidal suspension of corn starch) was improved over the formulation used during the previous growing season. It was found that heating the starch suspension to 121C for 15 minutes increased its stability as a binding agent. A cumulative total of 3 cm (over three events) removed enough fibers to necessitate reapplication of the reflectant. The cellulose fiber/binder residue remaining at harvest was readily removed from fruit surface with water and a brush. Specialized sprayer was developed to deliver long fiber cellulose formulations that conventional sprayers are not capable of dispensing.
NONDESTRUCTIVE PEACH FRUIT FIRMNESS DETERMINATION USING SONIC IMPULSE
Authors: Maness Niels O. , Chen D. , Stone Marvin L.
Published: April 2024

Sonic impulse parameters related to peach fruit firmness were identified. Fruit were harvested at threshold mature, mature firm, firm ripe and soft ripe stages of development, and impulse spectra were obtained at labeled locations from opposite cheeks of each fruit after harvest and at intervals during storage at 20 C. A subset of fruit were sacrificed after each impulse sampling period for destructive firmness determination at the labeled sonic impulse sites using an Effegi penetrometer with a standard 11 mm probe. Sonic resonant frequencies were positively correlated with destructive fruit firmness measurements, and decreased as fruit firmness decreased. Multiple regression equations including sonic impulse data and storage time were developed to predict average fruit firmness for the cultivars studied. Supported by OCAST (Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology) grant AR2-069 and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.
RASPBERRY FRUIT POSTHARVEST BIOCONTROL AND PACKAGING
Authors: Guerrero V.M. , Berghage R.D. , Wall M.M. , Biles C.L. , Liddell C.M.
Published: April 2024

Studies were conducted with raspberry fruit to isolate and identify naturally occurring yeasts for possible biological control activity against postharvest fungi. The yeasts identified were heterothallic or asexual Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Biocontrol activity was compared with an isolate of Pichia guillermondi and a water-treated control. After 16 days at 4C, 30% of the water-treated fruit were diseased, while there was no disease on fruit treated with Pichia sp. or one of the collected yeasts. Treated raspberry fruits were packaged in heat-sealed low density polyethylene bags and evaluated for % soluble solids, pH and internal gas concentrations as well as disease incidence. After 14 days in storage the fruit started to develop off-flavors. Soluble solids and pH did not change. Disease incidence increased as storage time increased. The yeasts collected and the Pichia sp. isolate showed potential as biocontrol agents for reducing disease in packaged raspberries.
BERRY & JUICE QUALITY RESPONSE TO CANOPY MANAGEMENT & ETHEPHON IN `RELIANCE' TABLE GRAPES
Authors: Fitzgerald John , Patterson W. Keith
Published: April 2024

Grape clusters were subjected to one of two levels of leaf removal, one of two levels of preharvest ethephon spray, and either thinned to a basal cluster or left unthinned. Ethephon was applied at a concentration of 100 ppm two weeks after veraison. Affects on soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, hue, chroma, and L, a, b values were not consistent. In 1989, light exposed clusters of thinned vines had significantly higher SSC. In 1990, when ethephon was applied to non-thinned vines, light-exposed clusters had higher SSC values than non-exposed clusters. Light, ethephon, or thinning in 1989 and light or ethephon in 1990 significantly increased TA. Ethephon in 1989 and light in 1990 significantly higher pH in 1989, and ethephon-treated clusters from thinned vines had significantly lower pH in 1990. Juice from light treatments in 1990 had significantly higher L, a, b, and chroma values. Ethephon significantly increased the “a” value of juice in 1989, and light significantly increased the “b” value. Hue was significantly different for light and ethephon treatments in 1989.
GREENHOUSE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Authors: von Broembsen Sharon L. , Schnelle Michael A.
Published: April 2024

A complete program of integrated pest management (IPM) for commercial greenhouse production was developed. Comprehensive educational materials in the form of fact sheets, guidelines, action checklists, bulletins and a regular news-letter were produced to aid commercial greenhouse growers in Oklahoma. This literature was also used to supplement two intensive IPM workshops provided statewide to Oklahoma growers, educators and cooperative extension agents. In addition to written materials, two satellite videoconferences were conducted for the benefit of county extension agents and their clientele across the state and throughout the U.S., where compatible down-link facilities existed. Videotapes were prepared from the videoconferences for the benefit of growers and cooperative extension agents who lacked access to down-link satellite technology or desired a record for later study. A detailed implementation guide with support materials is available for initiation of a greenhouse IPM program for any state. Very few modifications if any would be necessary to adopt the OSU program.
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF STRAWBERRY FRUIT
Authors: Maas John L. , Millard Merle M. , Line Michael J. , Galletta Gene J.
Published: April 2024

Strawberry fruit were non-destructively examined by spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) to determine internal structure, proton (water) density and T2 proton relaxation times of healthy fruit in order to determine physical and water density and water binding changes due to injury and fungal infection. Detached strawberry flower buds prior to anthesis, anthesis, developing receptacles, and fruit from green, white, to red-ripe stages were examined to determine variations in normal fruit. Fruit rots caused by Botrytis cinerea, Hainesia lythri, and Colletotrichum acutatum were compared. B. cinerea causes a watery rot that occurs as a uniform gradient from infected to healthy tissue, whereas C. acutatum causes a dry rot with an indistinct border between healthy and infected tissue. H. lythri, on the other hand, causes a rot that forms a distinct and disparate boundary between the advancing infection and healthy tissue; the infected portion of the fruit may be extracted as a mass of hyphae and fruit tissue that retains its shape. NMRI may be a useful tool for identifying enzyme systems of pathogens involved in fruit decay.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN PERISPERM TISSUE DURING MUSKMELON SEED GERMINATION
Authors: Muthui Wangechi , Welbaum Gregory E.
Published: April 2024

Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) embryos are enclosed in an envelope consisting of a single layer of residual endosperm and a 2- to 4-cell-layered perisperm. The perisperm envelope (endosperm + perisperm) provides a barrier to radicle elongation. The structure of the perisperm envelope adjacent to the radicle tip was examined using scanning electron microscopy 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours from the start of imbibition in water on germination blotter paper at 25°C. Seeds were frozen in liquid nitrogen and the cone of the perisperm envelope tissue surrounding the embryo was removed. Perisperm cones were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with gold. At 10 hours after the start of imbibition, there were no visible changes in the tissue. At 15 hours, small cracks were observed in the walls of the perisperm cone tissue between adjacent cells. At 20 hours, the cracks had expanded and were visible throughout the perisperm cone. At 25 hours, radicle emergence occurred in most seeds, because perisperm cells broke apart along the cell walls at the tip of the perisperm cone. Visible evidence suggests that radicle emergence occurred, not because perisperm cells adjacent to the radicle were crushed under the force of the expanding radicle, but rather by a combination of pressure from the radicle as well as degradation of the perisperm cell wall. This confirms previous indirect evidence, obtained by psychrometry, that showed no increase in radicle turgor during germination. Cell wall degradation in the perisperm tissue precedes radicle growth and is a key event in muskmelon seed germination.
Exploring Co-labeling Strategies in Local Food Markets: Insights from a Choice Experiment on Southern Buyers’ Preferences for Cherry Tomatoes
Authors: Shonkwiler Vanessa P.
Published: April 2024

Labeling strategies are often discussed in the context of local food purchase. Substantial research has been undertaken to discern buyers’ preferences for different labeling strategies associated with a production practice or a geographic location. Some studies have also emphasized the substitution or complementarity effects that may occur across these different labels. Using a large choice experiment with 1820 respondents across six US southern states, this research evaluates buyers’ preferences for co-labeling strategies, focusing on the association of a production practice and certifications (USDA Organic and Certified Naturally Grown) alongside six different production locations, ranging from local to imported sources. We focus on pint baskets of cherry tomatoes, chosen due to their popularity among purchasers of fresh produce. Based on the results provided by a Bayesian Mixed Logit model, we derived the respondent-specific posterior distribution of the partworths associated with each production location and regressed each of those against demographic indicators. Our findings highlight that most buyers substitute between USDA Organic and Certified Naturally Grown (CNG), and a minority consistently opt for the same production practice option. In addition, we underscore that price, or an indication of origin predominantly guides nearly half of buyers’ choices. We find that the premium for CNG is slightly superior to the organic one. Last, older respondents and respondents with a higher degree of education value produce grown within their state over neighboring states and more distant origins.
2024 YILI ARABULUCULUK ASGARİ ÜCRET TARİFESİNİN BERABERİNDE GETİRDİĞİ YENİLİKLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Yılmaz Abdülhamit
Published: April 2024

6325 Sayılı Hukuk Uyuşmazlıklarında Arabuluculuk Kanunu yürürlüğe girdiği ilk haliyle tamamen tarafların iradesinin ön plana çıktığı ihtiyari bir düzen ortaya koymuştur. Yıllar içinde arabuluculuk uygulamasının oluşmasıyla birlikte, mahkemelerin iş yükünü azaltmak ve toplum nezdinde müzakere kültürünü yerleştirmek amacıyla bazı uyuşmazlıklar açısından arabuluculuk dava şartı olmuştur. Ayrıca kanun koyucu, uygun gördüğü uyuşmazlıklar açısından dava şartı arabuluculuğun kapsamını genişletmektedir. Bu bağlamda özellikle dava şartı arabuluculuğa ilişkin hükümler ile yenilikler kaleme alınırken açıklığa ve mevzuat bütünlüğüne önem verilmelidir. Zira zorunlu oldukları için bir araya gelen tarafların süreç sonunda anlaşma ihtimali en ufak bir belirsizlik nedeniyle azalabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda yeni dava şartı arabuluculuk alanlarının hayatımıza girmesiyle birlikte arabuluculuk ücreti konusunda bazı soru işaretleri gündeme gelmektedir. 2024 Yılı Arabuluculuk Asgari Ücret Tarifesinin, bu soru işaretlerini yeni eklenen fıkralar ile bertaraf etmeyi amaçladığı anlaşılmaktadır. Söz konusu düzenlemelerin ne kadar başarılı olduğu ve başkaca belirsizliklere yol açıp açmadığı bu çalışmada kapsamlı şekilde irdelenmektedir.
Desenvolvimento sustentável e turismo: uma compreensão da sustentabilidade turística na Trilha dos Santos Mártires das Missões/RS
Authors: Tobias Cleber Magalhães , Anes Carlos Eduardo Ruschel
Published: April 2024

O turismo é um ótimo meio para promover a valorização das comunidades – no entanto, caso seja planejado inadequadamente e de forma inconsciente, pode não somente trazer prejuízos ao meio ambiente como também para a garantia de permanência das gerações futuras. Desse modo, o desenvolvimento sustentável se apresenta como uma alternativa viável, sobretudo no âmbito do turismo. Assim, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi compreender a sustentabilidade turística da Trilha dos Santos Mártires das Missões/RS enquanto um potencial roteiro turístico, estabelecendo relações com as dimensões de sustentabilidade. Cabe sublinhar que o entendimento de desenvolvimento sustentável ocorre através da apreensão das cinco dimensões de sustentabilidade, a saber: ambiental, social, territorial, econômica e política – tais definições foram desenvolvidas por Sachs (2004). Propõe-se, portanto, apresentar também a correlação com as dimensões da sustentabilidade turística. À vista disso, as potencialidades da TSMM enquanto rota turística são explicitadas neste estudo através da relação entre o turismo e o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Contaminations in water distribution systems: a critical review of detection and response methods
Authors: Palma Ludovica , Hatam Fatemeh , Di Nardo Armando , Prévost Michèle
Published: April 2024

Water distribution networks play a crucial role in delivering safe water to communities. However, their extensive reach and complex structure make them susceptible to contamination. The development of efficient contamination warning systems (CWSs) can enable the monitoring and control of abnormal events. In an efficient CWS, several key aspects must be addressed: identifying potential contaminations that can occur, determining the most effective water parameters to monitor, and defining where these parameters can be strategically monitored. In the present study, literature articles will be analyzed to explore different parameters for detecting anomalies, assess the information they provide, and highlight the benefits of combining various parameters. Moreover, attention will be given to the definition of sensor placement, emphasizing the lack of attention in the literature for defining sensors’ detection thresholds. Finally, the study underscores that ensuring human safety requires not only prompt intrusion detection but also the implementation of corrective and preventive actions capable of mitigating contaminant spread through WDNs.
A community-scale study on nature-based solutions (NBS) for stormwater management under tropical climate: The case of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand
Authors: Ahmed Fahad , Loc Ho Huu , Babel M. S. , Stamm Juergen
Published: April 2024

Rapid urbanization and population growth are placing more demands on the world's natural water resources. New infrastructures are increasing the degree of surface sealing as well as the tendency for urban flooding and water quality degradation. These problems can be counteracted by nature-based solutions (NBS) for urban drainage in developed countries mostly having a temperate climate. Hence, there is a need to develop similar sustainable measures for tropical regions as currently there are no guidelines available. In this study, the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach was utilized to identify the best site for NBS in the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Bangkok, Thailand. Then, Personnel Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) software was used to develop a numerical model. It was found that the MCDA approach is appropriate to determine the best site for NBS implementation considering different aspects including economic, environmental, and technical ones. The results strongly suggested that Site-1 is a suitable alternative to implement NBS in the AIT campus. It was found that a bioretention system can reduce runoff volume by at least 14% and pollutants by at least 14–20%. The present study will provide a guideline for site selection and development of the NBS model for urban water management in a tropical climate.
Sociedade União Caixeiral e a implantação do ensino comercial no município de Mossoró/RN
Authors: Bandeira Tainá da Silva
Published: April 2024

O seguinte artigo objetiva refletir a dimensão educacional da Sociedade União Caixeiral, no município de Mossoró, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Com base nos estudos do campo de História da Educação, tem por base Ciavatta (2007) quanto a perspectiva da dialética. A partir da investigação em fontes memorialísticas e jornais do município, concluiu-se que a associação possuiu importância decisiva no município de Mossoró criando duas instituições de ensino comercial, uma de nível técnico e outra de nível superior, o que fomentou a atividade comercial local, abrangendo sua influência social.
Iniciativa da Liga de Professores Católicos do Ceará para celebração do Dia do Professor (1933-1937)
Authors: Pessoa Lígia Silva , Medeiros Neta Olívia
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste texto é analisar a iniciativa da Liga de Professores Católicos para celebração do Dia do Professor no Ceará. Fundamentamos o estudo nas contribuições de Brasil e Nascimento (2020) sobre a pesquisa digital. Usamos o conceito de representações de Roger Chartier (1991) assim como o entendimento de intelectuais de Sirinelli (2003).  Constatamos que Intelectuais que faziam parte da rede de sociabilidade vinculada ao catolicismo colaboraram com a organização e difusão da celebração no estado. Compreendemos que as representações produzidas em torno dessa comemoração reforçam os ideais católicos para educação e professores.
Visible Light-promoted Preparation of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans and Coumaranones
Authors: Wu Ting-Ting , Wang Wengui
Published: April 2024

2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran and coumaranone are readily available in numerous naturally
occurring compounds. They mostly exist in plenty of food plants and medicinal plants.
Such compounds constitute a series of flavor components and bioactive molecules. Their
preparation has been an attractive field of research. In the past few decades, great efforts
have been made in the preparation of the 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran structure through both
metal-catalyzed and organocatalyzed ways. Visible light-promoted reactions sprang up in
the early 21st century and represent a green manner of transformations. Under the irradiation
of visible light, radicals could be generated under milder conditions. Thus, visible lightpromoted
reactions spread widely in the field of chemical synthesis. In recent years, visible
light-promoted preparation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and coumaranone has been developed
by different groups, including both intramolecular and intermolecular reactions. The benign reaction conditions
allow better functional group-tolerance and lead to diverse structures. Several reviews on the synthesis of 2,3-
dihydrobenzofuran have been reported. However, visible light-promoted approaches to such structures have not
been well reviewed. Our review will cover the literature that has been reported on the discovery of 2,3-
dihydrobenzofuran in food and visible light-promoted preparation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, attempting to
summarize the existing methods and provide guidance to the chemists on the present challenges.
Microwave Assisted Grafting Technique for Modification of Polysaccharides
Authors: Rajpoot Neetu , Puri Dinesh
Published: April 2024

A natural and renewable substrate for the synthesis of high-performance macromolecules
is polysaccharides. Grafting with the use of microwaves of synthetic polymers
onto natural polysaccharides is a common, adaptable, and practical method of creating materials
based on polysaccharides. It eliminates all drawbacks of the traditional grafting
technique, including the need for hazardous solvents and longer reaction times. Grafting
yield is also increased by microwave irradiation. In fact, the employment of microwaves in
polysaccharide grafting modification for diverse applications has been prompted by the
growing interest in clean and environment-friendly chemistry. Furthermore, compared with
their traditionally synthesized counterparts, microwave-synthesized polysaccharide copolymers
frequently have greater characteristics for commercial exploitation. Moreover, for
many traditional grafting processes, the necessity for an inert environment is an additional drawback, which can
be overcome by microwave grafting techniques. This study focuses on the current use of microwave heating in
polysaccharide grafting modifications and its further use in pharmaceutical formulations.
Therapeutic Expedition of Luteolin against Brain-related Disorders: An Updated Review
Authors: Singh Niraj Kumar , Bhushan Bharat , Singh Pranjul , Sahu Kantrol Kumar
Published: April 2024

Brain-related disorders include neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, and
demyelination, which ultimately affect the quality of life of patients. Currently, brain-related
disorders represent the most challenging health problem worldwide due to complex pathogenesis
and limited availability of drugs for their management. Further, the available pharmacotherapy
accompanies serious side effects, therefore, much attention has been directed toward the development
of alternative therapy derived from natural sources to treat such disorders. Recently, flavonoids,
natural phytochemicals, have been reported as a treatment option for preventing brain
aging and disorders related to this. Among these flavonoids, dietary luteolin, a flavone, is found
in many plant products such as broccoli, chamomile tea, and honeysuckle bloom having several
pharmacological properties including neuroprotective activities. Therefore, the objective of this
paper is to compile the available literature regarding the neuroprotective potential of luteolin and
its mechanism of action. Luteolin exerts notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic
activity suggesting its therapeutic efficacy in different neurological disorders. Numerous
in-vivo and in-vitro experiments have revealed that luteolin exhibits neuroprotective potential
via up-regulating the ER/ERK, PI3AKT, Nrf2 pathways and down-regulating the
MAPK/JAK2STAT and NFκB pathways. Taking into account of available facts regarding the
neuroprotective efficacy of luteolin, the current study highlights the beneficial effects of luteolin
for the prevention, management, and treatment of different neurological disorders. Thus, luteolin
can be considered an alternative for the development of new pharmacophores against various
brain-related disorders.
The Incorporation of Clove Essential Oil into Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Improvement of the Delivery and Antioxidant Effects on the Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Satrialdi  , Husna Nada Nurul , Rihad Risya Qonitah , Utami Ratna Annisa
Published: April 2024

Background:

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (CO) has been studied extensively
for its antioxidant properties but faces several limitations, including high volatility, low aqueous
solubility, and irritation.

Objective:

We aimed to develop a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) to enhance the benefits of CO.

Methods:

Using the emulsification sonication method, a liquid lipid component, surfactant concentration,
and a co-surfactant were optimized to create CO-loaded NLC (CO-NLC). The developed
CO-NLC was rigorously assessed for its stability during storage. Free radical scavenging activity
and fibroblast oxidative stress protection were also measured to assess the antioxidant activity.

Results:

The CO-NLC displayed a spherical shape with a hydrodynamic diameter of 125.77 ± 29.68
nm, homogenous particle distribution with polydispersity index of 0.26 ± 0.09, and a surface charge
of -27.30 ± 4.56 mV with an encapsulation efficiency of 97% and a good stability profile. Furthermore,
free CO and CO-NLC displayed very strong free radical scavenging activity with the IC50
value of 22.74 ± 0.57 μg/mL and 18.28 ± 2.63 μg/mL, respectively. However, only CO-NLC managed
to protect fibroblast cells from the harmful effects of oxidative stress.

Conclusion:

The NLC formulations improved free radical scavenging activity and effectively protected
fibroblasts from oxidative stress compared to free CO.
FILM “BARBIE” SEBAGAI BENTUK REPRESENTASI FEMINISME DIKAITKAN DENGAN KIBLAT BUDAYA TIMUR KAJIAN SPIVAK
Authors: Cahyani Fania Rahma , Ayuningtyas Asyifa Windi
Published: April 2024

Feminisme sebagai suatu gerakan untuk menyuarakan kesetaraan gender bagi wanita telah dilakukan sejak Pasca kolonial hingga masa kini. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan sebagai penyuaraan Feminisme adalah melalui Film “Barbie” yang ditayangkan di layar lebar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi Pustaka. Studi Pustaka dilakukan dengan menyaksikan film Barbie dan mengamati adegan-adegan yang diperlukan dalam penelitian. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui representasi feminisme yang terdapat di dalam Film Barbie serta bagaimana representasi yang sesuai dengan Feminisme dalam pandangan Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Feminisme sebagai pisau analisis dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tiga poin yang menunjukkan representasi Film Barbie yang sesuai dengan Feminisme pandangan Timur. Tiga poin yang melambangkan representasi feminism tersebut terdiri atas kebebasan memilih pekerjaan, Wanita yang dominan dalam dunia kerja dan juga monolog yang berisikan bagaimana perasaan menjadi seorang Wanita di kehidupan sehari-hari. Selain itu, hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak sepenuhnya representasi feminism yang ada di dalam film dapat direalisasikan di daerah yang menganut paham kiblat ketimuran.
Pemaknaan masyarakat terhadap gugon tuhon di Dusun Ngricik, Kalurahan Melikan, Kapanewon Rongkop
Authors: Tristianto Andi , Susanti Marsanda Dwi , Hartanto Doni Dwi
Published: April 2024

Gugon tuhon merupakan suatu ajaran masyarakat Jawa, di mana penyampaian ajaranannya disamarkan dan diwariskan secara turun temurun. Gugon tuhon perlu dimaknai secara positif agar penyampaian ajaran dapat diterima dengan bijak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pemaknaan masyarakat terhadap gugon tuhon di Dusun Ngricik, Kalurahan Melikan, Kapanewon Rongkop, Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan sumber data yang digunakan ialah hasil wawancara kepada narasumber. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis kualitatif induktif dengan triangulasi sumber sebagai keabsahan data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, gugon tuhon yang ada di Dusun Ngricik secara umum terkait dengan daur hidup masyarakat Jawa khususnya untuk ibu hamil dan anak-anak bayi (anak kecil). Larangan dalam gugon tuhon bertujuan untuk menghindarkan masyarakat dari mara bahaya khususnya anak kecil dan ibu hamil. Gugon tuhon sebagai suatu ajaran perlu dipahami secara tepat agar masyarakat terhindar dari hal-hal yang kurang baik.
Analysis of Microbiological Hazards in Turmeric Tamarind Traditional Drink Products
Authors: Lifiana Aulia , Amarantini Charis , Budiarso Tri Yahya
Published: April 2024

Turmeric tamarind is a traditional drink with a sour and sweet taste traditionally made on a household scale. This drink is popular among the community, students, and local tourists from various regions visiting Yogyakarta. Due to its relatively simple production process and potentially suboptimal hygiene standards, the risk of bacterial contamination remains a concern for public health. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence or absence of bacterial contaminants, namely Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus according to SNI 2019 standards. Samples were obtained from 11 locations of turmeric tamarind drink sales and inoculated into Chromocult Coliform Agar (CCA) differential selective medium, Salmonella Sigella Agar (SSA), and Baird Parker Agar (BPA) for E. coli isolation, Salmonella sp, and S. aureus, respectively. Subsequently, colonies were prified and screened through biochemical tests such as IMViC, Urease test, and sugar fermentation test for lactose, maltose, and glucose. Suspected isolates were also confirmed using API 20E and API STAPH tests. The results showed that E. coli, Salmonella sp, and S. aureus were not reported while Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae 1, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus lentus were obtained.
Sintesis Senyawa (2E,5E)-2,5-Bis(3,4-Dimetoksibenziliden) Siklopentanon Menggunakan Metode Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis
Authors: Tjakraningtyas Wahyu , Budimarwanti Cornelia
Published: April 2024

The aims of this study are synthesize (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4- dimethoxybenzylidine)cyclopentanone compound with variation of NaOH catalyst moles and determining the yield of (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidine) cyclopentanone compound that has been synthesized. The synthesize was carried out by reacting 5 mmol of cyclopentanone and 10 mmol of veratraldehyde using NaOH as catalyst with variations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol and ethanol as solvent. This synthesize was proceeds via Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction using microwave assisted organic synthesis method for 60 seconds. The products were characterized with TLC and TLC scanner, FTIR, and 1H-NMR. The research obtained products in the form of yellow powder with the characterization results showing that the compound is (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidine)cyclopentanone. The yield of (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidine)cyclopentanone compound produced by catalyst variations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol were 71.75%; 60.44%; 118.42%; and 113.54% respectively.
Human Resource Management Using HR Technologies in the Context of the Digitalization of the Economy
Authors: Soloveva M. V. , Belous I. E. , Filippova K. D.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Currently, close attention is attracted by changes in the field of human resource management in modern conditions of digitalization of the economy, analysis of its positive and negative consequences. The main directions of transformation of the labor market and forms of employment of the population are highlighted, namely: the development of innovative methods and tools in the HR-sphere; use of electronic resources for recruiting; manifestation of sectoral shifts in the structure of labor demand; the emergence and development of atypical forms of employment and the polarization of the labor market; quick update of the list of professions and skills in demand for employees; leveling the national boundaries of the labor market.

The purpose is to consider modern views on the concept of effective HR activities.

Objectives. Based on research data on the digitalization of HR departments in domestic companies of various levels, highlight the main trends in changes in the human resource management system in the context of the digitalization of the economy; substantiate the opinion that these changes require a response from the human resource management service in the organization and significantly modify the list of their functions.

Methodology. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of the sources of the problem under study, forecasting the situation under consideration, expert assessments.

Results. On the basis of the study, the following main results were obtained: the directions of development of the functions of the personnel service of the enterprise and the principles of its work with personnel were analyzed. These trends are: transformation of the structural and organizational structure of enterprises; expanding outsourcing of personnel; development of HR analytics and personalization; increased attention to the formation of a positive HRbrand of the employer; digitalization of HR management technologies; changing the approach to corporate training; predicting future professional skills and competencies; exploring the possibility of preventive training in new areas; increasing requirements for the HR manager.

Conclusions. The study made it possible to consider the impact of digitalization on the labor market and, in particular, on the field of human resource management. Particular attention is paid to the use of software products and modern information management tools in HR management. The advantages of introducing information HRtechnologies in solving social and economic problems are analyzed.
Military Massmedia in the Context of the Information War
Authors: Abramov A. P.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The information sphere in the modern world has become the main system-forming factor of all spheres of public life. In recent years, the media has undergone a significant transformation. The change in the role and place of Russia in the world has intensified the struggle for a dominant role in the information space of our time, in which our country has become the main object of information wars. In this regard, the role of military mass media, which ensure the information security of Russia, form a positive image of the Russian army and strengthen its authority, is significantly increasing.

The purpose is on the basis of scientific analysis to determine the role and place of military mass media in the conditions of increasing information confrontation of interested parties.

Objectives: conceptually substantiate the use of socio-cultural methodology in the study of the nature and consequences of information wars and conflicts and outline the main directions for improving the Russian military mass media.

Methodology. Socio-cultural methodology is defined as the initial theoretical matrix in explaining the role of military mass media in information wars that are generated by conflicts as a result of institutional, socio-political, socio-economic, socio-cultural and technological changes.

Results. The main results of the study are defined as follows: the conceptual apparatus is characterized, which allows to reveal the role and place of military media in the information space of social communications; the current structure of the Russian military mass media, their tasks and functions are presented and the main ways of their improvement in the transformational dynamics of the information space are outlined.

Conclusions. Military mass media is a fairly effective tool for information security of Russia. Maintaining a positive image of the army and navy in the interests of ensuring Russia's security is one of the priority areas of activity at all levels of civil and military and civil administration.
The Media Sphere As a Space of Interaction Between Users of Social Networks
Authors: Andriyanova T. V. , Bykanova Ya. P.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. One of the main characteristics of modern society is the development of new media as a tool for creating new communication channels for the interaction of individuals. In this case, we are talking about the media sphere as a space of interaction between users of social networks.

The purpose is using the example of commenting on news content by users of social networks, the authors explore the media sphere as a space of their interaction in order to clarify the main theoretical prerequisites available in this area and attract new empirical data.

Objectives: to present the media sphere as a space of interaction between users of social networks, which is formed, among other things, by commenting on news content; to describe the trends in the development of the media sphere in this context; to characterize the main lines of interaction between users of social networks when commenting on news content; to reveal the motivation for entering into interaction under the influence of various factors.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the concept of the media sphere by M. A. Buryak and the associated theories of media discourse, starting with T. G. Dobrosklonskaya; the theory of new media (D. Scott, L. Safko) and social networks (D. Barnes, T. O'Reilly, S. A. Kravchenko). To solve the tasks, the authors used the method of interviewing content analysis, analysis of secondary data, methods of comparison and analogy.

Results. For a modern individual, the distribution of news content in social networks is the most convenient and effective way to obtain information in different age groups. In general, respondents tend to trust information received from social networks, but unstructured information containing fakes falls into the "risk" zone here.

Conclusions. For the development of the media sphere as a space of interaction between users of social networks, the adaptation of each media resource to a separate communication channel and the emergence of the phenomenon of public communication, which is expressed in a system of symbols and signs (comments, "likes", etc.) are relevant.