bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-surface attenuation and site effects from comparison of surface and deep borehole recordings
Authors: Abercrombie Rachel E.
Published: March 2023

Near-surface attenuation and site effects are investigated using the seismograms of 17 local earthquakes recorded at depths of 0, 0.3, 1.5, 2.5, and 2.9 km in the Cajon Pass borehole, southern California. The borehole penetrates 500 m of Miocene sandstone and then crystalline, granitic basement rock. Previous estimates of site response have been limited to shallower holes, where the surface reflection interferes with the upgoing direct wave, and the deepest sensor is not below the severe near-surface effects, in bedrock. Spectral ratios of the direct P and S waves for each earthquake between the different recording levels are well modeled with frequency-independent Q and amplification. At the borehole, QP ∼ 27 ± 8, and QS ∼ 21 ± 7 in the upper 2.9 km, increasing from QP ∼26 and QS ∼15 in the upper 300 m to QP ∼133 and QS ∼47 between 1.5 and 3 km. One event was also recorded at a surface granite site, less than 1.5 km from the wellhead. Comparison of the 2.9-km recording with that at this granite site gives QP ∼50 and QS ∼23. The similarity of these values with those of previous studies at a wide range of sites suggests that Q is very low in the near surface, independent of rock type. Near-surface amplification appears considerably more site dependent. At the wellhead, the amplifications at 1 Hz of the direct P and S waves are 12 ± 7 and 13 ± 7, respectively. These values include the free-surface effect and are in reasonable agreement with the impedance contrast from the borehole logs. At the granite site, amplification of both P and S waves is less than four; direct-wave amplification at the wellhead is therefore at least three times that of the granite site. The spectra of the direct and coda waves of the one earthquake recorded at both the wellhead and granite sites are compared with the corresponding 2.9-km recording. Coda-wave amplification is in good agreement with the direct wave at the rock site, but at the borehole, the coda-wave amplification factor overestimates the direct-wave amplification by a factor of 3.
RF-Plasma induced modification of composite interfaces
Authors:   , Iskandarani Bassel , Schadler Linda S.
Published: March 2023

The performance of a composite material is dictated to a large extent by the properties of the interface/interphase that exists at the boundary between the constituents of the composite. Therefore, controlling the properties of the interfacial region is an essential requirement in order to improve the overall performance of the composite. The main objectives of this research are: (i) to improve the interfacial bonding in fibrous composites in order to enhance the load transfer from the matrix to the fibers; (ii) to improve the impact tolerance of brittle composites through the addition of plasma-treated energy absorbing interleaf material within the lamina layers; and (iii) to study the effect of interphase properties on the stress concentration phenomenon in multifilament composites. In this research, RF-plasma technology is used as a powerful tool to tailor the properties of the composite interphase. Argon plasma treatment was used to increase the surface roughness, surface wettability and to facilitate the grafting of plasma polymer layer onto the substrate surface. Ammonia plasma was also used to introduce nitrogen containing functionalities onto the surface without creating a thick interphase. In addition, different plasma polymerized coatings were applied to tailor the interphase properties. Different interfacial testing techniques were used to investigate the effect of interfacial properties on the micromechanical behavior of single fiber composites. The techniques used in this study included the fragmentation test, the pull-out test and the state of the art micro-Raman spectroscopy technique. The results showed that RF-plasma is a powerful technique to modify the interfacial properties in composite with minimal adverse effects on the bulk properties of the substrate compared to other conventional surface modification techniques. The impact properties of interleaved composites can be improved by controlling the interfacial adhesion between the interleaf and composite lamina. The properties of the interphase can be tailored to control the stress concentration phenomenon in multifiber composites, which in turns, controls the strength and toughness of the composite.
Level Kemampuan Fisik Atlet Pb. Bat (Badminton Academy Training) Under 15 Tahun Kota Malang
Authors: Putra Bagas Satia Yuwana , Yunus Moch. , Fhadhli Riyad , Roesdiyanto Roesdiyanto
Published: March 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical ability of PB athletes. BAT (Badminton Academy Training) Under 15 years Malang City. This research design uses a survey method. The instruments used are 1) Flexibility (sit and reach): 2) Arm Muscle Power (two-hand medicine ball put); 3) Power leg muscles (vertical jump); 4) Agility (shuttle run); 5) V02max (multistage), the subjects used were 20 PB athletes. BAT (Badminton Academy Training) Under 15 years Malang City. The data collection technique used was random sampling. The results showed: (1) the component of the male athlete's flexibility test was in the "good" category and for the female athlete in the "very poor" category, (2) the male athlete's limb power test component was in the "good" category. ” and for female athletes in the “enough” category, (3) the arm muscle power test for male athletes in the “enough” category and female athletes in the “enough” category, (4) agility test components for male athletes in the “enough” category and for athletes daughter in the "good" category. Analysis of the physical ability level of PB.BAT (Badminton Academy Training) athletes in Malang City, male athletes and female athletes under 15 years as a whole which includes flexibility, leg muscle power, arm muscle power, agility, and cardiac endurance (VO2max) are included in the category " Well".

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui level kemampuan fisik atlet PB. BAT (Badminton Academy Training) Under 15 tahun Kota Malang. Rancangan Penilitian ini menggunakan metode survey. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah 1) Kelentukan (sit and reach): 2) Power Otot Lengan (two-hand medicine ball put); 3) Power otot tungkai (vertical jump); 4) Kelincahan (shuttle run); 5) V02max (multistage), Subjek yang digunakan adalah 20 Atlet PB. BAT (Badminton Academy Training) Under 15 tahun Kota Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik random sampling Hasil penelitian menunjukan : (1) komponen tes kelentukan atlet putra dalam kategori “Baik ” dan untuk atlet putri dalam kategori “kurang sekali”, (2) komponen tes power tungkai atlet putra dalam kategori “Baik ” dan untuk atlet putri dalam kategori “cukup”, (3) tes power otot lengan atlet putra dalam kategori “cukup” dan atlet putri dalam kategori”cukup”, (4) komponene tes kelincahan atlet putra dalam kategori “cukup” dan untuk atlet putri dalam ketegori “Baik ”. Analisis Level kemampuan fisik atlet PB. BAT (Badminton Academy Training) Kota Malang atlet putra dan atlet putri Under 15 tahun secara keseluruhan yang mencakup kelentukan, power otot tungkai , power otot lengan, kelincahan, dan daya tahan jantung (VO2max) termasuk dalam kategori “Baik ”.
Characterization and assessment of new fibrillar collagen inks and bioinks for 3D printing and bioprinting
Authors: Garcia-Villen Fatima , Guembe Amaia , M. Rey José , Zúñiga Teresa , Ruiz-Alonso Sandra , aenz-del-Burgo Laura S , M. Izco Jesús , I. Recalde José , Pedraz Jose Luis
Published: March 2023

Collagen is a cornerstone protein for tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting due to its outstanding biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and natural abundance in human tissues. Nonetheless, it still poses some important challenges, such as complicated and limited extraction processes, usually accompanied by batchto-batch reproducibility and influence of factors, such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength. In this work, we evaluated the suitability and performance of new, fibrillar type I collagen as standardized and reproducible collagen source for 3D printing and bioprinting. The acidic, native fibrous collagen formulation (5% w/w) performed remarkably during 3D printing, which was possible to print constructs of up to 27 layers without collapsing. On the other hand, the fibrous collagen mass has been modified to provide a fast, reliable, and easily neutralizable process. The neutralization with TRIS-HCl enabled the inclusion of cells without hindering printability. The cell-laden constructs were printed under mild conditions (50–80 kPa, pneumatic 3D printing), providing remarkable cellular viability (>90%) as well as a stable platform for cell growth and proliferation in vitro. Therefore, the native, type I collagen masses characterized in this work offer a reproducible and reliable source of collagen for 3D printing and bioprinting purposes.
Personalized 3D-printed amniotic fornical ring for ocular surface reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liu Ruixing , Liu Xiaowu , Hou Songlin , Dou Runan , Geng Xingchen , Li Yan , Li Jingguo , Zhu Lei , Li Zhanrong
Published: March 2023

In the present work, we used three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to make a polylactic acid (PLA) amniotic fornical ring (AFR) for ocular surface reconstruction. This work is a retrospective and interventional case series of patients with ocular surface diseases who underwent either personalized 3D-printed AFR-assisted amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) or sutured AMT (SAMT). Patient epidemiology, treatment, operative duration, epithelial healing time, retention time, vision changes, morbidity, and costs were analyzed. Thirty-one patients (40 eyes) and 19 patients (22 eyes) were enrolled in the 3D-printed AFR group and the SAMT group, respectively. The clinical indications of AFR and SAMT were similar, such as corneal and/or conjunctival epithelial defects due to chemical burns, thermal burns, Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The mean dissolution time was 15 ± 11 days in the AFR group, compared with 14 ± 7 days in the SAMT group. The percentage of healed corneal area was 90.91% (66.10%– 100.00%) for AFR and 93.67% (60.23%–100.00%) for SAMT. The median time for corneal epithelial healing was 14 (7–75) days in the AFR group and 30 (14–55) days in the suture AMT group. There were no significant differences in the initial visual acuity, final visual acuity, or improvement in visual acuity between the two groups. The operation duration in the AFR group was significantly shorter than that in the SAMT group. Regarding the cost analysis, the average cost per eye in the AFR group was significantly lower than that in the SAMT group. Furthermore, 3D-printed and sterile AFR showed no obvious side effects on the eyes. Our results suggested that 3D-printed PLA scaffolds could be used as an AFR device for ocular surface disease. In addition, personalized 3D-printed AFR is superior to conventional AMT in operation duration and cost effectiveness, thereby reducing the financial burden on our health care system.
Biomimetic three-dimensional glioma model printed in vitro for the studies of glioma cells and neurons interactions
Authors: Bai Luge , Hao Zhiyan , Wang Sen , Zhou Jiajia , Yao Siqi , Pei Na , Zhu Hui , Zhang Kun , L. Reis Rui , Oliveira J. Miguel , He Jiankang , Li Dichen , Mao Xinggang , Wang Ling
Published: March 2023

The interactions between glioma cells and neurons are important for glioma progression but are rarely mimicked and recapitulated in in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models, which may affect the success rate of relevant drug research and development. In this study, an in vitro bioprinted 3D glioma model consisting of an outer hemispherical shell with neurons and an inner hemisphere with glioma cells is proposed to simulate the natural glioma. This model was produced by extrusion-based 3D bioprinting technology. The cells survival rate, morphology, and intercellular Ca2+ concentration studies were carried out up to 5 days of culturing. It was found that neurons could promote the proliferation of glioma cells around them, associate the morphological changes of glioma cells to be neuron-like, and increase the expression of intracellular Ca2+ of glioma cells. Conversely, the presence of glioma cells could maintain the neuronal survival rate and promote the neurite outgrowth. The results indicated that glioma cells and neurons facilitated each other implying a symbiotic pattern established between two types of cells during the early stage of glioma development, which were seldom found in the present artificial glioma models. The proposed bioprinted glioma model can mimic the natural microenvironment of glioma tissue, provide an in-depth understanding of cell–cell interactions, and enable pathological and pharmacological studies of glioma.
Calibration Method of Feature Point Layout in Prefabricated Buildings Based on Image Recognition Technology
Authors: Sun Xiaobo , Yang Xiaoqing , Liang Jiahui
Published: March 2023

Compared with other types of buildings, it is more difficult and demanding to calibrate the image layout of irregular prefabricated buildings. How to effectively extract the layout calibration feature information of the prefabricated buildings and how to ensure the accuracy of the calibration method have become the main problems to be solved in the field of image recognition. Therefore, this paper studied the calibration method of feature point layout of prefabricated buildings based on image recognition technology. Based on the task of extracting feature points in the above prefabricated building images, this paper proposed a new feature extraction network suitable for these feature points, and described its principle in detail. With the help of deep learning technology, this paper enhanced the feature description of prefabricated building image blocks based on feature point location information, and introduced in detail the constructed algorithm model of feature point extraction and description. The experimental results verified the feature point extraction model was effective in calibrating the feature point layout of the prefabricated buildings.
Manejo de Enfermagem à pessoa com fístula enterocutânea
Authors: Meneses Jayana Castelo Branco Cavalcante de , Souza Otávia Maria dos Santos , Martins Rosa Maria Grangeiro , Moreira Sabryna Ernesto , Silva Roger Rodrigues da , Alves Dailon de Araújo
Published: March 2023

Esta revisão objetivou identificar os cuidados de enfermagem para o manejo da pessoa com fístula enterocutânea dispostos na literatura. Realizou-se, para tanto, uma revisão integrativa, com base na seguinte questão norteadora: Quais os cuidados de enfermagem para o manejo da pessoa com fístula enterocutânea? As buscas foram conduzidas no mês de dezembro de 2019, nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, IBECS e SCOPUS, por meio de descritores de assunto controlados. As publicações foram selecionadas com o auxílio do gerenciador Endnote web e todos os passos da seleção foram reportados no fluxograma PRISMA. Na amostra final, cinco estudos foram selecionados para análise, apontando os cuidados com a pele perifístula, cuidado nutricional, cuidado medicamentoso e suporte emocional e educacional como principais cuidados de enfermagem destinados à pessoa com fístula enterocutânea. O cuidado com a pele perifístula, manejo do efluente, utilização de equipamentos coletores e adjuvantes, controle do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico, administração de fármacos para controle de efluente e combate a infecções, suporte nutricional adequado e suporte emocional e educacional constituem os cuidados de enfermagem elencados nesta revisão.
Uso da terapia por acupuntura associada à farmacoterapia em paciente com fibromialgia para redução da dor: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Azevedo Andreia Emily Silva de , Sampaio Alice de Oliveira Maia , Neves Maria Eduarda Pires de Souza , Diniz Maria Luiza Carvalho Soares , Balduino Matheus Gomes , Araujo Suzana Regis , De Sousa Milena Nunes Alves
Published: March 2023

A fibromialgia é uma síndrome reumática dolorosa crônica caracterizada pela presença de dor musculoesquelética difusa ou em pontos de tensão específicos. Esse estudo objetiva verificar em pacientes com fibromialgia, se a terapia por acupuntura associada à farmacoterapia é eficaz na redução da dor. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, através da busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, EBSCO host e World Wide Science usando os Descritores em Saúde fibromialgia AND acupuntura AND farmacoterapia AND dor. A questão de pesquisa foi formulada por meio da variação PIE. Os estudos selecionados tiveram seu nível de evidência avaliado pelo Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (Sistema GRADE). O desfecho mostrou que os pacientes com fibromialgia submetidos à terapia por acupuntura, de acordo com os moldes da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa, obtiveram redução da dor, registrada pela Escala Visual Analógica, e melhora da qualidade de vida; quando comparados aos grupos controles que não realizaram essa modalidade terapêutica. Com isso, apesar do pequeno número de estudos selecionados, as evidências encontradas foram satisfatórias para demostrar que a acupuntura se mostrou eficaz na redução da dor em pacientes com fibromialgia.

Palavras-chave: Fibromialgia. Medicina Tradicional Chinesa. Analgesia. Escala Visual Analógica. Medicações.
Cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção de lesão por pressão em pessoas com COVID-19
Authors: Pinheiro Mayerlly Cardoso , Mendonça Glícia Uchôa Gomes , Araújo Moziane Mendonça de , Borges Jose Wicto Pereira , Meneses Helmo Robério Ferreira de , Meneses Jayana Castelo Branco Cavalcante de
Published: March 2023

Objetivou-se identificar os cuidados de enfermagem para prevenção de lesão por pressão em pacientes com COVID-19. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. A busca dos estudos primários ocorreu em agosto de 2021, nas bases de dados eletrônicas: MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, LILACS e Cochrane Database. Os estudos foram gerenciados no software Endnote Web. Extraiu-se dos estudos selecionados, dados de identificação, objetivos, delineamento e cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes com COVID-19 para prevenção de lesões por pressão. Os resultados foram organizados em quadros e discutidos de acordo com a literatura pertinente. Identificou-se 66 artigos, os quais foram submetidos aos critérios de elegibilidade da pesquisa, resultando em amostra final de cinco artigos selecionados. A maioria dos cuidados identificados já são recomendados por consensos internacionais. Ressalta-se a ênfase dada aos cuidados com o paciente em posição prona para prevenção de lesões pelos estudos, embora considerem que a gravidade da doença contribua para o aparecimento de lesões de pele até mais que a pronação . Conclui-se que há necessidade de mais artigos, com maior qualidade metodológica, que apontem os cuidados mais eficazes para prevenção de lesão por pressão no paciente com COVID-19.
Assistência Multiprofissional em saúde ao usuário com esclerose lateral amiotrófica - ELA: um relato de experiência
Authors: Souza Kelly Anne Batista de , Batista Correia Dandara , Souza Willams Gomes de
Published: March 2023

No âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde, a assistência multiprofissional constitui uma forte estratégia de cuidado em saúde, pois possibilita uma maior resolutividade e segurança ao atendimento ofertado à população usuária. Por essa razão, o presente trabalho pretende expor a experiência de atuação de uma equipe multiprofissional de residentes em saúde hospitalar, junto a um usuário com diagnóstico com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA), internado na Clínica Médica de um hospital universitário, no período de outubro e novembro de 2020. Pretende-se apresentar as vantagens do trabalho em equipe para esse público específico do SUS, os quais possuem particulares necessidades de saúde. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um estudo de cunho descritivo-qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência. Nesse sentido, as informações foram obtidas através das observações, percepções e vivências de Residente de Serviço Social do Programa de Residência Integrada Multiprofissional em saúde hospitalar do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que as intervenções realizadas pela equipe de residentes foram conduzidas respeitando a singularidade do contexto de saúde do usuário com ELA, de modo que ofereceram um atendimento mais personalizado e humanizado. Espera-se que o conhecimento alcançado seja compartilhado e discutido entre os residentes, de modo a favorecer o processo de formação em serviço e qualificar a assistência em saúde ofertada à população com ELA usuária do SUS.
automedicação preventiva da Covid-19 e a influência da mídia
Authors: Brandão Heloísa Nunes , Amorim Luana Souza , Nascimento Karolaine Vitória Macêdo do , Figueredo Climério Avelino de , Costa Danielly Albuquerque da , Sousa Maria do Socorro
Published: March 2023

A Covid-19 foi classificada como pandemia, em março de 2020. A partir daí, informações sobre esta infecção têm se tornado frequente nas mídias. A população brasileira, em sua maioria, não possui um conhecimento adequado acerca dos medicamentos, preparações ou produtos farmacologicamente ativos, como os alopáticos, fitoterápicos, plantas medicinais e óleos essenciais. Esta pesquisa investigou o uso da automedicação com intuito preventivo para a Covid-19, no período de março a dezembro de 2020 e a contribuição da mídia nesse processo. Ela foi aplicada à comunidade em geral, em ambiente virtual, abrangendo 21 estados do Brasil, contemplando 102 cidades, com predominância do estado da Paraíba. A amostra foi de 476 participantes. Destes, 328 pessoas (69%) afirmaram ter usado um ou mais produtos ou medicamentos alopáticos para prevenção da Covid-19, com destaque para Vitamina C, Ivermectina e Vitamina D. Com relação ao uso de medicamento homeopático, e/ou fitoterápico, e/ou plantas medicinais e/ou óleos essenciais, 127 pessoas (26,7%) afirmaram ter utilizado algum deles. Na Fitoterapia, destacaram-se os chás, como o de alho sozinho ou em associação com limão; na Apiterapia, a própolis e mel e na Aromaterapia, os óleos essenciais de eucalipto, melaleuca e lavanda. O contexto da pandemia Covid-19 evidenciou a prática da automedicação em nosso meio. A influência da mídia ficou evidente nesta pesquisa, com destaque para os sites oficiais, televisão e redes sociais. Essa influência quando fundamentada na ciência é benéfica. Entretanto, quando equivocada ou propositadamente distorcida, a exemplo das “fake news”, põe em risco a saúde da população.
Democracia global con atajos
Authors: Kristan M. Victoria
Published: March 2023

En su libro, Democracia sin atajos, Cristina Lafont parte de tres concepciones de la democracia aparentemente controvertidas, a saber: puramente epistémica, profundamente pluralista y lotocrática. Las tres concepciones alternativas, según la autora, conducen a la deferencia ciega que es incompatible con el ideal de autogobierno, pues bajo condiciones de deferencia ciega la sociedad carece de mecanismos para controlar e impugnar las decisiones políticas que la coaccionan. En este trabajo sostendré que si bien Lafont mantiene que los mini-públicos y otras innovaciones democráticas nos conducen de la deferencia a la deferencia ciega, y nos alejan del ideal democrático de autogobierno, esto no es así, o mejor dicho, depende del contexto. En algunos contextos los mini-públicos y otras herramientas de innovación democrática hacen la deferencia menos ciega de cuanto lo es efectivamente. Uno de esos contextos es el de la toma de decisiones sobre los asuntos globales, ya que no tenemos ningún sistema democrático de toma de esas decisiones. Para fundar mi objeción explicaré que, si aceptamos la tradicional distinción entre la concepción ideal y no-ideal de democracia, así como también la distinción entre estado de cosas como fin (como objetivo) y una teoría de transición, podemos también aceptar una serie de atajos, los atajos sustitutivos: aquellos destinados a resolver problemas de índole práctica identificados con la concepción no-ideal de la democracia, en nuestro caso, problemas prácticos globales.
Por una democracia ciudadana sin “atajos”. Sobre Democracia sin atajos, de Cristina Lafont
Authors: Gargarella Roberto
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo realiza una revisión crítica sobre el libro de Cristina Lafont, Democracia sin atajos, abordando tres de los temas tratados allí por la autora: el valor de los “mini-públicos” en el contexto de una radical crisis de representación, como la que vivimos; el problema democrático que plantea la intervención de los tribunales en la decisión (final) de controvertidos asuntos de interés público (una intervención que Lafont alienta enfáticamente en su trabajo), y los límites propios de una visión que propone reducir el papel de la ciudadanía a una intervención destinada a presentar “desafíos” frente a las decisiones tomadas por las autoridades públicas.
De la democracia deliberativa al constitucionalismo dialógico
Authors: Giuffré C. Ignacio
Published: March 2023

La democracia deliberativa ha contribuido al advenimiento de un constitucionalismo al servicio del diálogo inclusivo, el denominado constitucionalismo dialógico. Sin perjuicio de la expansión, el potencial y los aportes recíprocos entre ambas corrientes, el vínculo entre ellas no ha estado libre de problemas. Primero, la conexión con frecuencia ha sido inconsistente, pues mientras en el plano democrático se ha sostenido una concepción deliberativa, en el plano constitucional se ha mantenido una concepción fuerte. Segundo, la conexión mayormente ha sido restringida, pues la agenda deliberativa ha estado limitada a momentos excepcionales o temas específicos. Tercero, la conexión habitualmente ha sido teórica, pues las dos corrientes no han abordado con detalle las implicaciones institucionales. Cuarto, la conexión a menudo ha sido abstracta y general, pues el entrecruce de ambas corrientes no ha sido contextual. En este marco, recientemente se ha publicado Democracia sin atajos: una concepción participativa de la democracia deliberativa, de Cristina Lafont. Dado que este libro se inscribe en la senda de la democracia deliberativa, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar sus límites y contribuciones al constitucionalismo dialógico, así como también sus continuidades y rupturas respecto del camino recorrido por la democracia deliberativa en el campo constitucional.
Regulations on combating epidemic threats in Poland and COVID-19 pandemic – review and assessment of implemented solutions
Authors: Alcer Klaudia , Błachut Anita , Romaniuk Piotr
Published: March 2023

Pandemia COVID-19 miała duży wpływ na funkcjonowanie całego świata, a konsekwencje tego wydarzenia w dalszym ciągu są widoczne w różnych dziedzinach funkcjonowania państw. W ramach walki z zaistniałym kryzysem Polska wdrożyła regulacje prawne mające pomóc zwalczać negatywne skutki epidemii bądź je minimalizować. Celem pracy jest ocena regulacji dotyczących zwalczania zagrożeń epidemicznych oraz ich zmian w czasie pandemii. Przeglądu ustaw dokonano na podstawie Internetowego Systemu Aktów Prawnych (ISAP) oraz Biuletynu Informacji Publicznej (BIP).
Przepisy odnoszące się do zwalczania zagrożeń epidemicznych w Polsce proponują rozwiązania mogące pomóc w przeciwdziałaniu pandemii zarówno w sferze bezpośrednio związanej z kwestiami medycznymi, jak i społecznymi czy ekonomicznymi. Analiza obowiązujących regulacji oraz piśmiennictwa ujawniła jednak problem niedopasowania istniejących przepisów do faktycznych potrzeb związanych z realnymi zjawiskami epidemiologicznymi, a pierwsze tygodnie pandemii, szczególnie jeśli chodzi o stosowanie tych norm, uwidoczniły duży chaos. Regulacje wprowadzane już w czasie pandemii również cechowały się szeregiem nieścisłości i niejasności. Należy podjąć próbę stworzenia lepiej skoordynowanego planu na wypadek kolejnej pandemii oraz przeprowadzić ewaluację przepisów w razie innych sytuacji kryzysowych, aby uniknąć błędów i chaosu widocznego przy COVID-19.
Paternal narratives and the presence of the mother who died
Authors: Rigão Gabriela Sarturi , Brum Rayssa Reck , Pereira Caroline Rubin Rossato
Published: March 2023

This qualitative study aimed to understand, through the father's perspective, how the maternal figure remains present in families with children who have experienced the mother's death. Four widowed men participated, parents of children whose mothers had died. Narrative and semi-structured interviews, as well as drawings, were used as instruments. From the content analysis, the results indicated that the families built narratives that kept the mother's memories and teachings in their lives. The mother's perpetuation as an idealized figure, highlighted by her positive characteristics, remained as a guide to be followed. In the parent-child relationship, the mother was referred to as present through conversations, stories, photographs and the preservation of her teachings.
Mental health, self-efficacy and university adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gonçalves Correia Zanini Marta Regina , Rossato Lucas , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: March 2023

This mixed study evaluated changes and stability in health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol consumption and amount of hours of sleep) and the belief in academic self-efficacy of Brazilian university students, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first step, quantitative and longitudinal, investigated 20 students (average age=20.8 years; SD=3.4) in the period of 2019 and 2020, suggesting the maintenance of mental health indicators and the reduction of alcohol consumption and self-efficacy. In the second, qualitative stage, interviews during the quarantine revealed processes of personal and academic adaptation, in addition to concerns about mental health in the face of the pandemic. Institutional responses by universities to these ongoing challenges are recommended, as opposed to an individual analytical perspective.
YİRMİ BİRİNCİ YÜZYILDA ÖRGÜTLERDE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ VE BAĞLILIK SAĞLAMADA LİDER VE LİDERLİĞİN ROLÜ
Authors: AĞIN Kaya
Published: March 2023

Liderlik, günümüzün en önemli yönetim becerilerinden biridir. Lider, işletmeye vizyon oluşturma ve örgütü geleceğe taşıma konusunda çok önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Özellikle küreselleşen dünyamızda, şirketlerin başarısında yöneticilerin liderlik nitelikleri giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu makalede küreselleşmenin liderlik üzerindeki etkisi ve liderliğin psikolojik iyi oluş ve örgütsel bağlılığa olan etkileri açıklanacaktır. Liderlik seviyesi yükseldikçe çalışanların psikolojik iyi oluş seviyeleri ve örgüt bağlılıkları artmaktadır. Küreselleşmenin liderlerin özelliklerini ve davranışlarını nasıl etkilediği ile liderlerin küresel dünyadaki durumu analiz edilmekte ve liderlerin küresel bir düşünce yapısına sahip olmasını gerektiren unsurlar açıklanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak küreselleşmenin etkisi ile rekabet daha yoğunlaşmakta ve yönetim şekilleri farklılaşmaktadır. Ayrıca liderlik davranışının çalışanların iyi oluşuna etki ettiği ve örgüte olan bağlılıklarını artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Rekabet gücü yüksek olan küresel şirketler klasik hiyerarşiden uzaklaşarak daha sade bir yönetim anlayışı benimsemişlerdir.
Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Six Months of Life
Authors: Branco Joana , Manuel Ana Rute , Completo Sara , Marques Joana , Rodrigues Antão Rita , Pinto Gago Cristina , Paulino Elsa , Voutsen Olga , Barroso Rosalina
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is currently recommended until six months of age. The Baby-friendly Hospital (BFH) initiative an international program to promote breastfeeding, was launched in Portugal in 1994. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors influencing breastfeeding in the first six months of life and to compare the results with a study carried out in 1999 including population from the same geographic area.Material and Methods: A prospective, longitudinal and observational study was carried out in two hospitals in the Lisbon metropolitan area, one BFH and another non-BFH. It consisted of different questionnaires answered by mothers at three distinct moments (zero, three and six months). The first questionnaire was applied between February and June 2019.Results: A total of 423 infants were included, 324 from the BFH and 99 from the non-BFH. The breastfeeding rate was 94.3% at discharge, 78.2% at three months and 64.4% at six months, whereas EBF rate was 74.2%, 51.8% and 25.6% respectively. All women on EBF at six months, except one, were breastfeeding on demand. The discontinuation of EBF was associated with delayed skin-to-skin contact, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission, pacifier and artificial teats use, mother’s return to work earlier and lower education levels. Conversely, factors that promote EBF were older gestational age, adequate birthweight, breastfeeding initiation in the first hour of life, rooming-in practice, shorter hospital stay and absence of infant’s illnesses. Compared with 1999, although there was a significant improvement of breastfeeding rates at three and six months, the EBF rate was similar at six months (23%). Both studies identified the mother’s lower education level and mother’s return to work as contributing factors to breastfeeding discontinuation.Conclusion: Our results are in agreement with previously reported causes of breastfeeding discontinuation and emphasize the importance of sociocultural factors. Compared with 1999, the breastfeeding rates in this Portuguese population increased significantly at three and six months. However, it is still necessary to improve in order to achieve the World Health Organization global target.
A mathematical model of mechanotransduction
Authors: Roth Bradley J.
Published: March 2023

This article reviews the mechanical bidomain model, a mathematical description of how the extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeleton of cardiac tissue are coupled by integrin membrane proteins. The fundamental hypothesis is that the difference between the intracellular and extracellular displacements drives mechanotransduction. A one-dimensional example illustrates the model, which is then extended to two or three dimensions. In a few cases, the bidomain equations can be solved analytically, demonstrating how tissue motion can be divided into two parts: monodomain displacements that are the same in both spaces and therefore do not contribute to mechanotransduction, and bidomain displacements that cause mechanotransduction. The model contains a length constant that depends on the intracellular and extracellular shear moduli and the integrin spring constant. Bidomain effects often occur within a few length constants of the tissue edge. Unequal anisotropy ratios in the intra- and extracellular spaces can modulate mechanotransduction. Insight into model predictions is supplied by simple analytical examples, such as the shearing of a slab of cardiac tissue or the contraction of a tissue sheet. Computational methods for solving the model equations are described, and precursors to the model are reviewed. Potential applications are discussed, such as predicting growth and remodeling in the diseased heart, analyzing stretch-induced arrhythmias, modeling shear forces in a vessel caused by blood flow, examining the role of mechanical forces in engineered sheets of tissue, studying differentiation in colonies of stem cells, and characterizing the response to localized forces applied to nanoparticles.
Forest restoration challenges in Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Camara Gilberto , Simoes Rolf , Ruivo Heloisa , Andrade Pedro , Soterroni Aline , Ramos Fernando , Ramos Rafael , Scarabello Marluce , Almeida Claudio , Sanches Ieda , Maurano Luis , Coutinho Alexandre , Esquerdo Julio , Antunes Joao , Venturieri Adriano , Adami Marcos
Published: March 2023

In its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Brazil committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and restoring its forests. This study examines the challenges of fulfilling these commitments in Brazilian Amazonia. We carry out a detailed assessment of the current status of land tenure in the region and its relation to deforestation. After dealing with conflicts and overlaps between data from various sources, we produce a new map of public and private land tenure in Amazonia. Combining this map with Brazil's official data on deforestation, we find out how much natural vegetation has been preserved in each public or private area. The result is used to estimate how much deforestation is illegal. We also establish how much deforestation is associated with each land tenure type. Our results show that most deforestation inside rural properties is done by a few landowners, a finding that has important consequences for law enforcement. We then assess the challenges for reforestation in detail. To do so, we consider how much forest needs to be rehabilitated according to Brazil's Forest Code. Our analysis provides a comprehensive appraisal of the potential opportunity costs for forest restoration in the biome, considering farm size and land use. This analysis provides insights into targeted land use policies that can meet Brazil’s forest restoration goals.
Human-Like Problem-Solving Abilities in Large Language Models using ChatGPT
Authors: Orrù Graziella , Piarulli Andrea , Conversano Ciro , Gemignani Angelo
Published: March 2023

Backgrounds: The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen a major shift in recent years due to the development of new Machine Learning (ML) models such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) and AI which are progressively becoming part our everyday lives. GPT has achieved previously unheard-of levels of accuracy in most computerized language processing tasks and their chat-based variations.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the problem-solving abilities of ChatGPT using two sets of verbal insight problems, with a known performance level established by a sample of human participants.
Material and Methods: A total of 30 problems labelled as “practice problems” and “transfer problems”, as listed by Ansburg and Dominowski (2000), were administered to ChatGPT. The answers provided by ChatGPT received a score of "0" for each problem answered incorrectly and a score of "1" for each correct response, as per the correct solution specified in Ansburg and Dominowski's (2000) study. The highest score that could be attributed to both the practice and transfer problems was 15 out of 15. In order to compare ChatGPT performance to the performance to that of human subjects, the solution rate for each problem (based on a sample of 20 subjects) was used, as indicated by Ansburg and Dominowski (2000).
Results: The study highlighted that ChatGPT can be trained in out-of-the-box thinking and demonstrated potential in solving verbal insight problems. The global performance of ChatGPT equalled the most probable outcome for the human sample in both practice problems and transfer problems as well as upon their combination. Additionally, ChatGPT answer combinations were among the 5% of most probable outcomes for the human sample both when considering practice problems and pooled problem sets.
These findings demonstrate that ChatGPT performance on both set of problems was in line with the mean rate of success of human subjects, indicating that it performed reasonably well.

Conclusions: The use of transformer architecture and self-attention in ChatGPT may have helped to prioritize inputs while predicting, contributing to its potential in verbal insight problem-solving. ChatGPT has shown potential in solving insight problems, thus highlighting the importance of incorporating AI in psychological research. However, it is acknowledged that open challenges still exist. Indeed, further research is needed to fully understand the capabilities and limitations of AI in insight problem-solving.
Comparison of Injection Saline and External Fixator in Rat Tail’s Disc Degeneration
Authors: Khaleque Md Abdul , Choi Eun-Yong , Park Sang-Eun , You Hwang-Yong , Lee Woo-Jin , Kim Do-Kyun , Kim Young-Yul
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The intervertebral disc is a leading avascular organ in the body that may gather nutrition through diffusion. It maintains homeostasis by the use of autophagy and apoptosis to survive in unfavorable conditions such as stress and mechanical force. Therefore, excessive force and stress beyond normal conditions may cause intervertebral disc degeneration. The purpose of this study was to examine which is the better method, either external fixator (EF) or saline injection (SI), for inducing autophagy and apoptosis-mediated nucleus pulposus (NP) cell death in the discs of rat tail’s. Methods: Sixteen, nine-weeks-old male Sprague–Dawley rat tails were treated with 0.9% saline and EF (two-cross Kirschner wires) for a period ofsix and twelve weeks. Treated discs were dissected to identify the participation of autophagy and apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration. For identification purposes, H&E staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LC3, beclin-1, and P62 in addition to MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 were performed. Furthermore, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to observe autophagy-related gene expression (beclin-1, LC3, and P62) and apoptosis-related gene expression (MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1). Results: TheEF group showed more insidious NP cell degeneration than the control (Ctrl) group. Degeneration was elevated with increasing compression duration of EF group, whereas the SI group could not distinguish the margin of annulus fibrosus (AF) and NP cells. LC3, beclin-1, and P62 showed the highest and lateral expression whilst MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 showed up-regulated and central expression in both groups, although the SI group could not recognize the boundary between NP and AF cells. The EF group showed the highest autophagy-related gene expression whereas the SI group showed lower expression. In addition, the EF group showed more autophagy-accumulating materials than the SI group which elevated with increasing compression duration. Furthermore, the SI group induced the highest apoptotic gene expression, but the EF group showed the lowest expression. Conclusion: The EF method was better for studying autophagy and apoptosis because it enhanced intervertebral disc degeneration after compression, which is actively linked to autophagy and apoptosis. The degeneration process was elevated by increasing the compression duration, but SI could not distinguish AF and NP cell margins.
NJN: A Dataset for the Normal and Jaundiced Newborns
Authors: Abdulrazzak Ahmad Yaseen , Al-Naji Ali , Mohammed Saleem Latteef
Published: March 2023

Jaundice is a common condition for newborns, and its complications can be severe and cause permanent damage to the patient’s brain if no action is taken at its early stages. Current methods for jaundice detection are invasive, which include collecting blood samples from the patient, which can be painful and stressful and may cause some complications. Alternatively, a non-invasive approach can be used to diagnose jaundice through image-processing and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, requiring a database of infant images to achieve a high-accuracy diagnosis. This data article provides a collection of newborn images, called NJN, with various birthweight and skin tones, with ages ranging from 2 to 8 days, and an excel sheet file in CSV format for the values of RGB and YCrCb channels and the status for each raw which is freely accessible at (https://sites.google.com/view/neonataljaundice). It also provides Python code for data testing using different AI techniques. Thus, this article offers a unique resource for all AI researchers to train their AI system and develop algorithms to help neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) healthcare specialists monitor neonates and provide fast, real-time, non-invasive, and accurate jaundice diagnosis.
Utility of Diagnostic Tests Before Reimplantation in Patients Undergoing 2-Stage Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Khan Irfan A. , Boyd Brandon O. , Chen Antonia F. , Cortés-Penfield Nicolás , Myers Thomas G. , Brown Timothy S. , Suh Gina A. , McGwin Gerald , Ghanem Elie S. , Fillingham Yale A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), with treatment failure occurring in 12% to 28% after 2-stage revision. It is vital to identify diagnostic tools indicative of persistent infection or treatment failure after 2-stage revision for PJI.

Methods:

The Cochrane Library, PubMed (MEDLINE), and EMBASE were searched for randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies published before October 3, 2021, which evaluated the utility of serum/plasma biomarkers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], fibrinogen, D-dimer), synovial biomarkers (white blood cell [WBC] count, neutrophil percentage [PMN %], alpha-defensin [AD], leukocyte esterase [LE]), tissue frozen section, tissue culture, synovial fluid culture, or sonicated spacer fluid culture indicative of persistent infection before the second stage of 2-stage revision for PJI or treatment failure after 2-stage revision for PJI.

Results:

A total of 47 studies including 6,605 diagnostic tests among 3,781 2-stage revisions for PJI were analyzed. Among those cases, 723 (19.1%) experienced persistent infection or treatment failure. Synovial LE (sensitivity 0.25 [0.10-0.47], specificity 0.99 [0.93-1.00], positive likelihood ratio 14.0 [1.45-135.58]) and serum IL-6 (sensitivity 0.52 [0.33-0.70], specificity 0.92 [0.85-0.96], positive likelihood ratio 7.90 [0.86-72.61]) had the highest diagnostic accuracy. However, no biomarker was associated with a clinically useful negative likelihood ratio. In subgroup analysis, synovial PMN %, synovial fluid culture, serum ESR, and serum CRP had limited utility for detecting persistent infection before reimplantation (positive likelihood ratios ranging 2.33-3.74; negative likelihood ratios ranging 0.31-0.9) and no utility for predicting failure after the second stage of 2-stage revision.

Conclusions:

Synovial WBC count, synovial PMN %, synovial fluid culture, serum ESR, and serum CRP have modest sensitivity and specificity for predicting persistent infection during the second stage of 2-stage revision, suggesting some combination of these diagnostic tests might be useful before reimplantation. No biomarker or culture accurately predicted treatment failure after reimplantation.

Level of Evidence:

Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.