bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐(3‐Cyano‐7‐ethoxy‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinolin‐6‐yl)acetamide.
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Mao Yongjun , Liu Zheng , Xie Kai , Zhu Yi , Wei Yabing , Jiang Xiangrui , Shen Jingshan
Published: March 2012

Compound (VIII) (overall yield: 31% over 10 steps) is an important key intermediate for the synthesis of EKB‐569 or neratinib which are dual irreversible inhibitors of the epitermal growth factor receptor.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Assessment of Diversely Substituted Furo[2,3‐b]quinolin‐4‐amine and Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinolin‐4‐amine Derivatives, as Novel Tacrine Analogues.
Authors: Carreiras M. Carmo , et al. et al.
Published: March 2012

Title compounds (III) are obtained by a Friedlaender‐type reaction using excess cycloalkanone (2 to 4 equiv.).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of New 4‐Aza‐podophyllotoxin Analogues via Microwave‐Assisted Multi‐Component Reactions and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Shi Feng , Zeng Xiao‐Ning , Zhang Ge , Ma Ning , Jiang Bo , Tu Shujiang
Published: March 2012

A simple, atom‐economical, and environmentally friendly synthesis of the title compounds (IV) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 4‐Aminophthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones by Isocyanide Insertion.
Authors: Vlaar Tjoestil , Ruijter Eelco , Znabet Anass , Janssen Elwin , de Kanter Frans J. J. , Maes Bert U. W. , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: March 2012

The multicomponent reaction combines isocyanides and free hydrazines in a Pd‐catalyzed process and is specific for tertiary alkyl isocyanides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Apoptosis Inducing Ability of New Anilino‐Substituted Pyrimidine Sulfonamides as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , et al. et al.
Published: March 2012

Compounds (VIII) are designed as a new class which exhibits considerable anticancer activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Outcomes of Carbene Transfer Reactions from Dirhodium‐ and Copper‐Based Catalysts Separately or in Combination.
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Hu Wen‐Hao , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: March 2012

The reaction between vinyl diazoacetates and cinnamaldehydes can be highly selectively directed to the formation of 4,5‐dihydrooxepins or bicyclic hexanones by appropriate use of Cu‐ and Rh‐catalyst, either separately or in combination.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cycloartane‐Type Triterpenoid from the Stigma of Zea mays L.
Authors: Qiang Yin , Ni Jing‐Man , Shi Yan‐Bin , Zhang Xiao‐Yun , Yang Xian , Li Shou‐Tang
Published: March 2012

isolation, structure and cytotoxicity of (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity of Glycosyl Hydrazine and Hydrazone Derivatives: Notable Effects of the Sugar Moiety.
Authors: Cui Zining , Yang Xinling , Shi Yanxia , Uzawa Hirotaka , Cui Jingrong , Dohi Hirofumi , Nishida Yoshihiro
Published: March 2012

The compounds (III) are screened for their antitumor and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Storage Properties of LiBH4—Li3AlH6 Composites.
Authors: Wu Xiaocheng , Wang Xinhua , Cao Guozhou , Li Shouquan , Ge Hongwei , Chen Lixin , Yan Mi
Published: March 2012

The title composites are prepared by ball milling of LiBH4 and Li3AlH6 in the molar ratio of 1:1 (0.1 MPa Ar, 0.5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Dehydrative Transformations of Unsaturated Alcohols
Authors: Biannic Berenger , Aponick Aaron
Published: March 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic α‐Heterofunctionalization of Active Methines
Authors: Russo Alessio , De Fusco Claudia , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: March 2012

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Bond‐Forming Reactions at the C—H Bond of Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Mori Atsunori
Published: March 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium Phosphate Materials as Selective Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Dummer N. F. , Bartley J. K. , Hutchings G. J.
Published: March 2012

Review: 309 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Twisted Molecular Magnets
Authors: Inglis Ross , Milios Constantinos J. , Jones Leigh F. , Piligkos Stergios , Brechin Euan K.
Published: March 2012

Review: [62 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Fast Repair of DNA Radicals in the Earliest Stage of Carcinogenesis Suppresses Hallmarks of Cancer.
Authors: Zheng Rongliang , Jia Zhongjian , Li Ji , Huang Shuangsheng , Mu Ping , Zhang Fangxin , Wang Chunming , Yuan Chengshan
Published: March 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Engineering of Metal—Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Wu Chuan‐De
Published: March 2012

Review: 63 refs.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of 4‐(2,5‐Dimethoxyphenylmethelene)‐2‐phenyl‐5‐oxazolone (DMPO)
Authors: El‐Daly Samy A. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A.
Published: March 2012

An interesting flourophore, 4‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenylmethelene)‐2‐phenyl‐5‐oxazolone (DMPO) was synthesized by mixing an equivalent molar quantity of hippuric acid and 2,5‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde in acetic anhydride in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate. The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of 4‐(2,5‐dimethoxy‐phenylmethelene)‐2‐phenyl‐5‐oxazolone (DMPO) were investigated in different solvents. DMPO dye exhibits red shift in both absorption and emission spectra as solvent polarity increases, indicating change in the dipole moment of molecules upon excitation due to an intramolecular charge transfer interaction. The fluorescence quantum yield depends strongly on the properties of the solvents, which was attributed to positive and negative solvatokinetic effects. A crystalline solid of DMPO gave strong excimer like emission at 630 nm due to the excitation of molecular aggregates. This is expected from the idealized crystal structure of the dye that belongs to the B‐type class of Steven's Classification. DMPO displayed fluorescence quenching by triethylamine via nonemissive exciplex formation.
Electrochemical Immunosensor for α‐Fetoprotein Based on Gold Nanoparticles/Graphene‐Prussian Blue
Authors: Wang Guangfeng , Zhang Ge , Huang Hao , Wang Lun
Published: March 2012

The electrochemical immunosensor for α‐fetoprotein (AFP) was fabricated based on the platform of gold nanoparticles (GNP)/graphene (Gr)‐prussian blue (PB). By electrodeposition, GNP were modified on the surface of the prepared Gr‐PB. The anti‐AFP‐1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (FcDA) as label was directly immobilized on the platform of GNP/Gr‐PB. And after the immunoreactions, the formed complex inhibited the electron transfer and decreased the catalytic current of FcDA toward the reduction of H2O2. And in the range of 10–3200 pg·mL−1, the decreased current is linear with the concentration of AFP, with a detection limit of 3 pg·mL−1. The developed immunoassay method showed good precision, high sensitivity, acceptable stability and reproducibility, and could be used for the detection of real samples with consistent results in comparison with those obtained by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Feuerwerk im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Kometz Andreas , Urbanger Michael , Fraterman Thorsten
Published: March 2012

Der kürzlich von uns vorgestellte Kontext „Chemie und Urlaub“ [1] nutzt die Erfahrungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler in der Ferienzeit, um einen interessanten und motivierenden Wiedereinstieg in den Chemieunterricht zu ermöglichen. Das Thema Feuerwerk als Teil dieses Kontextes bietet viele Möglichkeiten, Basiskonzepte der Chemie zu erarbeiten und Bildungs‐ und Erziehungsaufgaben wie Umwelterziehung und Sicherheitserziehung umzusetzen. Das Letztgenannte ist ein wesentlicher Schwerpunkt der Unterrichtseinheit „Feuerwerk“, da sich dieses Thema besonders gut dazu eignet, einen bewussten und verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit gefährlichen chemischen Stoffen zu fördern. Fehlendes Sicherheitsbewusstsein, Falschinformationen und der Reiz, etwas Verbotenes zu tun, führen bei selbst gemachten Feuerwerkskörpern immer wieder zu schweren Unfällen. Durch kontextualisierten Umgang mit diesem Thema lernen die Schulkinder auf nicht belehrende, sondern einsichtsfördernde Art, ein Verantwortungsbewusstsein für den Umgang mit Chemikalien aufzubauen.
Control of MCAK degradation and removal from centromeres
Authors: Ganguly Anutosh , Bhattacharya Rajat , Cabral Fernando
Published: March 2012

Mitotic centromere associated kinesin (MCAK) is a kinesin related protein with the ability to stimulate microtubule depolymerization. It is found at spindle poles, where it may be involved in poleward microtubule flux, and at kinetochores and centromeres where it plays a role in correcting chromosome alignment errors. Its microtubule depolymerase activity and recruitment to centromeres is regulated by phosphorylation, but little is known about how MCAK is maintained at appropriate levels. We previously reported that MCAK accumulates during the cell cycle and is then degraded during mitosis. Using proteomic analysis, we have now identified a new phosphorylation site on MCAK that is responsible for its degradation. Mutation of the site to prevent phosphorylation prolonged the stability of the protein beyond the metaphase to anaphase transition and into the subsequent cell cycle whereas a phosphomimetic mutation accelerated degradation. Unexpectedly, the mutation that prevented phosphorylation also inhibited the removal of MCAK from centromeres causing it to remain attached throughout the cell cycle. Even low expression of phosphorylation‐resistant MCAK delayed mitosis and interfered with cell division. Mitotic defects were also observed by overexpressing a green fluorescent protein‐tagged version of wild‐type MCAK that similarly escaped degradation and accumulated to toxic levels, but did not remain associated with kinetochores during interphase. The results demonstrate that degradation is an important mechanism for controlling the activity of MCAK. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
An Efficient Synthesis of Quinoxalinone Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase
Authors: Yang Yanchun , Zhang Shuzhen , Wu Bobin , Ma Mingming , Chen Xin , Qin Xiangyu , He Minlan , Hussain Saghir , Jing Chaojun , Ma Bing , Zhu Changjin
Published: March 2012

A novel and facile synthesis of quinoxalinone derivatives was developed in which a wide range of 3‐chloroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones as key intermediates can be generated chemo‐ and regioselectively in good yields from corresponding quinoxaline‐2,3(1H,4H)‐diones. This new protocol is arguably superior, as it allows the design and preparation of a variety of bioactive quinoxaline‐based compounds, which are particularly effective in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Through this procedure, a new class of quinoxalinone‐based aldose reductase inhibitors were synthesized successfully. Most of the inhibitors, with an N1‐acetic acid head group and a substituted C3‐phenoxy side chain, proved to be potent and selective. Their IC50 values ranged from 11.4 to 74.8 nM. Among them, 2‐(3‐(4‐bromophenoxy)‐7‐fluoro‐2‐oxoquinoxalin‐1(2H)‐yl)acetic acid and 2‐(6‐bromo‐3‐(4‐bromophenoxy)‐2‐oxoquinoxalin‐1(2H)‐yl)acetic acid were the most active. Structure–activity relationship and molecular docking studies highlighted the importance of the ether spacer in the C3‐phenoxy side chains, and provided clear guidance on the contribution of substitutions both at the core structure and the side chain to activity.
Radiolabelled GLP‐1 analogues for in vivo targeting of insulinomas
Authors: Brom Maarten , Joosten Lieke , Oyen Wim J. G. , Gotthardt Martin , Boerman Otto C.
Published: March 2012

Internalizing agonists are usually selected for peptide receptor targeting. There is increasing evidence that non‐internalizing receptor antagonists can be used for this purpose. We investigated whether the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) antagonist exendin(9–39) can be used for in vivo targeting of GLP‐1R expressing tumours and compared the in vitro and in vivo characteristics with the GLP‐1R agonists exendin‐3 and exendin‐4. The binding and internalization kinetics of labelled [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin‐3, [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin‐4 and [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin(9–39) were determined in vitro using INS‐1 cells. The in vivo targeting properties of [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin‐3, [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin‐4 and [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin(9–39) were examined in BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous INS‐1 tumours. natIn‐labelled [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin‐3, [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin‐4 and [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin(9–39) exhibited similar IC50 values (13.5, 14.4 and 13.4 n m, respectively) and bound to 26 × 103, 41 × 103 and 37 × 103 receptors per cell, respectively. [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin‐3 and [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin‐4 showed rapid in vitro binding and internalization kinetics, whereas [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin(9–39) showed lower binding and minimal internalization in vitro. In mice, high specific uptake of [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin‐3 [25.0 ± 6.0% injected dose (ID) g−1] in the tumour was observed at 0.5 h post‐injection (p.i.) with similar uptake up to 4 h p.i. [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin‐4 showed higher tumour uptake at 1 and 4 h p.i. (40.8 ± 7.0 and 41.9 ± 7.2% ID g−1, respectively). Remarkably, [Lys40(111In‐DTPA)]exendin(9–39) showed only low specific uptake in the tumour at 0.5 h p.i. (3.2 ± 0.7% ID g−1), rapidly decreasing over time. In conclusion, the GLP‐1R agonists [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin‐3 and [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin‐4 labelled with 111In could be useful for in vivo GLP‐1R targeting, whereas [Lys40(DTPA)]exendin(9–39) is not suited for in vivo targeting of the GLP‐1R. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of portal vein resection on outcomes for hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: de Jong Mechteld C. , Marques Hugo , Clary Bryan M. , Bauer Todd W. , Marsh J. Wallis , Ribero Dario , Majno Pietro , Hatzaras Ioannis , Walters Dustin M. , Barbas Andrew S. , Mega Raquel , Schulick Richard D. , Choti Michael A. , Geller David A. , Barroso Eduardo , Mentha Gilles , Capussotti Lorenzo , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND. Surgical strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma often includes hepatectomy, but the role of portal vein resection (PVR) remains controversial. In this study, the authors sought to identify factors associated with outcome after surgical management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and examined the impact of PVR on survival.

METHODS:

Three hundred five patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 1984 and 2010 were identified from an international, multi‐institutional database. Clinicopathologic data were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:

Most patients had hilar cholangiocarcinoma with tumors classified as T3/T4 (51.1%) and Bismuth‐Corlette type II/III (60.9%). Resection involved extrahepatic bile duct resection (EHBR) alone (26.6%); or hepatectomy and EHBR without PVR (56.7%); or combined hepatectomy, EHBR, and PVR (16.7%). Negative resection (R0) margin status was higher among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 64.2%; with PVR, 66.7%) versus EHBR alone (54.3%; P < .001). The median number of lymph nodes assessed was higher among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 6 lymph nodes; with PVR, 4 lymph nodes) versus EHBR alone (2 lymph nodes; P < .001). The 90‐day mortality rate was lower for patients who underwent EHBR alone (1.2%) compared with the rate for patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 10.6%, with PVR, 17.6%; P < .001). The overall 5‐year survival rate was 20.2%. Factors that were associated with an adverse prognosis included lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; P = .002) and R1 margin status (HR, 1.81; P < .001). Microscopic vascular invasion did not influence survival (HR, 1.23; P = .19). Among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR, PVR was not associated with a worse long‐term outcome (P = .76).

CONCLUSIONS:

EHBR alone was associated with a greater risk of positive surgical margins and worse lymph node clearance. The current results indicated that hepatectomy should be considered the standard treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and PVR should be undertaken when necessary to extirpate all disease. Combined hepatectomy, EHBR, and PVR can offer long‐term survival in some patients with advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Can the new American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system predict survival in rectal cancer patients treated with curative surgery following preoperative chemoradiotherapy?
Authors: Moon Sang Hui , Kim Dae Yong , Park Ji Won , Oh Jae Hwan , Chang Hee Jin , Kim Sun Young , Kim Tae Hyun , Park Hee Chul , Choi Doo Ho , Chun Ho‐Kyung , Kim Jong Hoon , Park Jin‐hong , Yu Chang Sik
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND:

Although ypStage has been known as a strong prognosticator of recurrence and survival, the detailed interaction of ypT and ypN classification on a survival rate has never been evaluated.

METHODS:

Between October 2001 and December 2007, in total, 960 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were enrolled retrospectively at 3 centers. Five‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rate were calculated for each ypTN classification.

RESULTS:

The ypT classification interacted with ypN classification to affect survival in most categories. Patients with ypStage 0 and I cancers showed a >90% 5‐year OS (ypStage 0, 96.5%; ypStage I, 92.9%; P = .346) and 5‐year DFS (ypStage 0, 90.2%; ypStage I, 90.7%; P = .879). Among ypStage III subgroups, large differences in 5‐year OS (ypStage IIIA, 90.1%; ypStage IIIB, 68.3%; ypStage IIIC, 40.5%; P < .001) and 5‐year DFS (ypStage IIIA, 74.8%; ypStage IIIB, 55.1%; ypStage IIIC, 12.3%; P < .001) were observed. OS and DFS in patients with ypStage IIIA disease were similar to or greater than those in patients with ypStage IIA or IIB/IIC disease. Four patient risk groups were defined: 1) low (ypT0‐isN0, ypT1N0, ypT2N0), 2) intermediate (ypT0‐2N1, ypT3N0), 3) moderately high (ypT0‐2N2, ypT3N1, ypT4N0), and 4) high risk (ypT3N2, ypT4N1‐2). Risk grouping showed a narrower range of survival rate compared with ypStage grouping.

CONCLUSIONS:

ypStage in rectal cancer, defined according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, predicts survival for most ypNT classifications. However, patients with ypStage I rectal cancer have a similar prognosis to those with ypStage 0 cancer, and risk grouping reflects more precise survival outcomes than ypStage. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Covalent Functionalization of Strained Graphene
Authors: Boukhvalov Danil W. , Son Young‐Woo
Published: March 2012

An enhancement of the chemical activity of graphene is evidenced by first‐principles modelling of the chemisorption of hydrogen, fluorine, oxygen and hydroxyl groups on strained graphene. For the case of negative strain or compression, chemisorption of the single hydrogen, fluorine or hydroxyl group is energetically more favourable than those of their pairs on different sublattices. This behaviour stabilizes the magnetism caused by the chemisorption being against its destruction by the pair formations. Initially flat, compressed graphene is shown to buckle spontaneously right after chemisorption of single adatoms. Unlike hydrogenation or fluorination, the oxidation process turns from the endothermic to exothermic for all types of the strain and depends on the direction of applied strains. Such properties will be useful in designing graphene devices utilizing functionalization as well as mechanical strains.
Morphometric and hydrologic characteristics of alligator holes in Everglades National Park, Florida from 1994 to 2007
Authors: Liu Zhongwei , Brandt Laura A. , Ogurcak Danielle E. , Mazzotti Frank J.
Published: March 2012

Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) holes are a key feature in the Everglades landscape providing aquatic refuge for alligators and other aquatic organisms. The morphology of the hole as well as its location in the landscape may influence its function as an aquatic refugium. Morphologic and hydrologic characteristics and dynamics of 50 alligator holes in Everglades National Park, Florida were examined based on 1‐m resolution digital images and field measurements from 1994 to 2007. Major morphometric parameters of alligator holes calculated for the study area included surface area, diameter, major axis orientation, basin depth, and circularity index. We used basin depth along with surface water modelling from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network to describe alligator hole hydroperiod and examine relationships among morphologic features, habitat, and hydrology. Alligator holes in this study were similar morphologically (pond surface area, basin depth, and sediment depth) among locations and habitats, and for the most part over time with the exception of holes in the Rocky glades. Alligator holes with greater surface area were not necessarily deeper holes. Hole hydroperiod was not correlated with surface area, and larger holes did not dry out less frequently than smaller holes. Although marsh hydroperiods varied by location and habitat, alligator hole hydroperiod did not, illustrating that across the landscape alligator holes provide aquatic refugia under a range of hydrologic conditions. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Nucleophilic Attack on Coordinated Imines: The Synthesis of C‐Bonded Acetylacetonates of Palladium(II) and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Birkle Thomas , Carbayo Arancha , Cuevas José V. , García‐Herbosa Gabriel , Muñoz Asunción
Published: March 2012

The reactivity of complexes [PdCl2(κ2‐NN′)] [NN′ = 2‐C5H4N‐CH=N‐Ar; Ar = 2‐MeC6H4, a; 4‐MeC6H4, b; 2‐MeOC6H4, c; 4‐MeOC6H4, d; 4‐CF3C6H4, e; 2,6‐Me2C6H3, f; 2‐iPrC6H4, g] and [Pd(κ2‐acac)(κ2‐NN′)][BF4] toward the nucleophilic reagent acetylacetonate (acac) has been explored. This reaction starts with nucleophilic attack on the cabonylic atom of the coordinated imine generating a new C–C bond and an amido complex. The next step in the reaction is proton migration leading to the protonation of the amido nitrogen, and finally replacement of this coordinated nitrogen atom with an anionic carbon atom. The final consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the coordinated imines is the formation of new complexes and the generation of new C–C and C–Pd bonds.
Synthesis of Aminophosphane Complexes: Searching the Boundary between Phosphanide and Phosphinidenoid Complex Chemistry
Authors: Duan Lili , Schnakenburg Gregor , Daniels Jörg , Streubel Rainer
Published: March 2012

Aminophosphane complexes 3a–e have been prepared by two different pathways: (1) the thermal reaction of 2H‐azaphosphirene complex 1 with primary or secondary amine derivatives at 75 °C (3a,b,d,e) or (2) the reaction of chlorophosphane complex 2 with sodium diphenylamide (3c). In the latter case, complex 3c was obtained together with the diphosphene complex 6, thus providing evidence for the transient formation of Na/X phosphinidenoid complexes 4a,b and/or the terminal phosphinidene complex 5. Preliminary deprotonation studies, carried out on complex 3a by using lithium diisopropylamide in TMEDA in the presence of 12‐crown‐4 at low temperature, yielded a mixture of the Li/NMe2 phosphinidenoid complex 7 together with the nonligated phosphane derivative 8, which could not be separated. Complexes 3a,b,d,e and 6 were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, MS, and elemental analysis. The structures of complexes 3c–e and 6 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Magnetoluminescent Agents for Dual MRI and Time‐Gated Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Smolensky Eric D. , Zhou Yue , Pierre Valérie C.
Published: March 2012

The synthesis and properties of two luminescent iron oxide nanoparticles for dual imaging by MRI and time‐gated confocal microscopy are presented. These magnetoplasmonic agents consist of macrocyclic terbium complexes conjugated onto magnetite nanoparticles by a polyethylene glycol linker. Two macrocyclic terbium complexes were investigated: Tb‐DOTAm‐(Phen)3 and Tb‐DOTAm‐(acetylene)3. Both complexes display the characteristic long luminescence lifetimes of lanthanides (0.8 ms and 1.3 ms, respectively), rendering them ideal for time‐gated luminescence spectroscopy and confocal imaging – a feature currently unexplored in multimodal imaging agents. Additionally, the 5 ± 1 nm magnetite nanoparticles, with their permeable PEG coating and stable dopamide anchor, render the two constructs efficient MRI contrast agents with longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivities of 9.8 mM–1Fe s–1 and 98 mM–1Fe s–1 at 60 MHz and 37 °C.
High Regiocontrol in the Zinc‐Mediated Crotylation of Aldehydes and Ketones: A Straightforward and Facile Approach to Linear Homoallylic Alcohols in DMPU
Authors: Zhao Li‐Ming , Wan Li‐Jing , Jin Hai‐Shan , Zhang Shu‐Qing
Published: March 2012

The α‐regioselectivity of carbonyl crotylation is a long‐standing problem in the realm of C–C bond formation reactions. We demonstrate that zinc‐mediated crotylation of aldehydes and ketones can afford α‐linear homoallylic alcohols exclusively to provide a simple solution for this problem. In this context, we describe a method for the α‐regioselective crotylation of aldehydes and ketones by using an easily available starting material, such as crotyl bromide, zinc dust, and the less‐toxic solvent DMPU. The reaction has broad substrate scope and is highly efficient. Moreover, a metallo‐[3,5]‐sigmatropic rearrangement is proposed to account for the high α‐regioselectivity in the zinc‐mediated crotylation.
Sequential Suzuki/Asymmetric Aldol and Suzuki/Knoevenagel Reactions Under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Bivona Lucia Anna , Lo Meo Paolo , Riela Serena , Noto Renato
Published: March 2012

Here we describe for the first time a sequential Suzuki/asymmetric aldol reaction. Such sequential approach was achieved through the combined use of an ionic liquid supported palladium catalyst and the organocatalyst trans‐4‐(2,2‐diphenylacetoxy)proline. Suzuki and asymmetric aldol reactions were performed under aqueous conditions. The use of a palladium catalyst under basic conditions allowed also the first example of sequential Suzuki/Knoevenagel reaction. Reactions were carried out under aqueous conditions and products were isolated in good to high yields and, in the case of the Suzuki/aldol reaction, with diastereoselectivities up to 91:9 and enantioselectivities up to at least 99 %.
Basking in projected glory: The role of subjective temporal distance in future self‐appraisal
Authors: Wilson Anne E. , Buehler Roger , Lawford Heather , Schmidt Colin , Yong An Gie
Published: March 2012

We examined the role of subjective temporal distance in people's future self‐predictions. Consistent with temporal self‐appraisal theory, we hypothesized that people would be motivated to evaluate future selves more favorably when they felt closer in time, because subjectively close future selves have more direct implications for current identity than do subjectively distant future selves. Subjective temporal distance of a future self was manipulated, holding constant actual temporal distance. Participants predicted more favorable personal qualities (Study 1) at a future time that seemed close rather than distant. Supporting a self‐enhancement account, subjective distance effects were specific to appraisals of future self but not acquaintances (Study 2), and the link between subjective distance and future self‐appraisals was eliminated when participants satisfied their self‐image goals via a self‐affirmation exercise (Study 3). Study 4 provided evidence that subjectively close future selves influence current identity to a greater extent than do distant selves: Participants evaluated their current selves more positively when feeling close to, rather than distant from, a future success. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prototypical prospection: future events are more prototypically represented and simulated than past events
Authors: Kane Joanne , Van Boven Leaf , McGraw A. Peter
Published: March 2012

The results of four experiments support the hypothesis that mental time travel is more prototypical in the future tense than in the past tense. That is, prospection more than retrospection is grounded in scripts, schemas, stereotypes, and other prototypical mental representations of what people, places, and events are typically like. People reported that events in prospection rather than retrospection were more similar to each other and more similar to a prototypical event (encounters with homeless people in Experiment 1, ordering pizza in Experiment 2). Because prototypes tend to be abstract, people selected higher levels of action identification during prospection than during retrospection (Experiment 3) an effect that was not moderated by distance. Finally, drawings of future vacations that were generated by one sample of people were judged by a different sample of people, who were unaware of the drawings' tense, as more prototypical compared with drawings of past vacations (Experiment 4). Discussion centers on the underlying explanations of prototypical prospection and on the implications of these temporal asymmetries for theories of psychological distance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced cytotoxicity of PARP inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma harbouring mutations in both ATM and p53
Authors: Williamson Chris T. , Kubota Eiji , Hamill Jeffrey D. , Klimowicz Alexander , Ye Ruiqiong , Muzik Huong , Dean Michelle , Tu LiRen , Gilley David , Magliocco Anthony M. , McKay Bruce C. , Bebb D. Gwyn , Lees‐Miller Susan P.
Published: March 2012

Poly‐ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown promise in the treatment of human malignancies characterized by deficiencies in the DNA damage repair proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2 and preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential effectiveness of PARP inhibitors in targeting ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM)‐deficient tumours. Here, we show that mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells deficient in both ATM and p53 are more sensitive to the PARP inhibitor olaparib than cells lacking ATM function alone. In ATM‐deficient MCL cells, olaparib induced DNA‐PK‐dependent phosphorylation and stabilization of p53 as well as expression of p53‐responsive cell cycle checkpoint regulators, and inhibition of DNA‐PK reduced the toxicity of olaparib in ATM‐deficient MCL cells. Thus, both DNA‐PK and p53 regulate the response of ATM‐deficient MCL cells to olaparib. In addition, small molecule inhibition of both ATM and PARP was cytotoxic in normal human fibroblasts with disruption of p53, implying that the combination of ATM and PARP inhibitors may have utility in targeting p53‐deficient malignancies.
A Term Structure Model for VIX Futures
Authors: Huskaj Bujar , Nossman Marcus
Published: March 2012

This study develops a term structure model for VIX futures. Instead of deriving the VIX futures price from a model for the instantaneous variance of the S&P 500 or a model for the VIX, the VIX futures price dynamics are specified exogenously. The empirical features of VIX futures returns (positive skewness, excess kurtosis, and a decreasing volatility term structure for longer term expirations) are captured by assuming that they are normal inverse Gaussian distributed and scaled by a volatility function that is dependent on the maturity. The usefulness of the resulting model is illustrated in two applications: risk management (via calculating value at risk (VaR)) and asset pricing (via pricing hypothetical VIX options). The results show that the model provides a good fit for the empirical term structure of VIX futures, produces good VaR estimates, and is promising for use in pricing VIX options. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 33:421‐442, 2013
Some New Results on When Extra Risk Strictly Increases an Option's Value
Authors: Huang James , Zhang Deyuan
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we present some new results on when extra risk strictly increases an option's value. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a mean‐preserving spread to strictly increase an option's value. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a risk change to strictly increase the values of options with strike prices in an open interval while preserving the values of all other options. These two results significantly improve the results given by Rasmusen (2007) (When does extra risk strictly increase an option's value? Review of Financial Studies, 20, 1647–1667). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 33:44–54, 2013
Right, left, and center: How does cerebral asymmetry mix with callosal connectivity?
Authors: Cherbuin Nicolas , Luders Eileen , Chou Yi‐Yu , Thompson Paul M. , Toga Arthur W. , Anstey Kaarin J.
Published: March 2012

Background: Prior research has shown that cerebral asymmetry is associated with differences in corpus callosum connectivity. Such associations were detected in histological and anatomical studies investigating callosal fiber size and density, in neuroimaging investigations based on structural and diffusion tensor imaging, as well as in neuropsychological experiments. However, little is known about typical associations between these factors, and even less about the relative influences of magnitude and direction of cerebral asymmetries. Here, we investigated relationships between callosal connectivity and cerebral asymmetry using precise measures of callosal thickness and selected cerebral structures. We considered both the direction and magnitude of the asymmetries. Methods: Associations between cerebral asymmetry and callosal thickness were investigated in 348 cognitively healthy older individuals. Results: The magnitude and direction of cerebral lateralization were significant independent predictors of callosal thickness. However, associations were small. Leftward asymmetry and increased magnitude of asymmetry were generally associated with increased callosal thickness, mostly in the callosal midbody and isthmus. Conclusions: When a large sample of normal individuals is considered, cerebral asymmetries are only subtly associated with callosal thickness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL STRESS AND RECOVERY DURING THE GREAT RECESSION
Authors: Aizenman Joshua , Pasricha Gurnain Kaur
Published: March 2012

In this article, we explore the link between stress in the domestic financial sector and the capital flight faced by countries in the 2008–2009 global crisis. Both the timing of emergence of internal financial stress in developing economies and the size of the peak–trough declines in the stock price indices were comparable with that in high‐income countries, indicating that there was no decoupling, even before Lehman Brothers’ demise. Deleveraging of Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) positions seemed to dominate the patterns of capital flows during the crisis. Although high‐income countries on average saw net capital inflows and net portfolio inflows during the crisis quarters, compared with net outflows for developing economies, the indicators of banking sector stress were higher for high‐income economies on average than those for developing economies. Internal and external distress during crisis was closely interlinked with common underlying causes of both the severity of stress during the crisis and the recovery. External vulnerabilities were important in both phases, and higher international reserves did not insulate countries from stress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal representations and emotional availability among drug‐abusing and nonusing mothers and their infants
Authors: Flykt Marjo , Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Belt Ritva , Biringen Zeynep , Salo Saara , Posa Tiina , Pajulo Marjukka
Published: March 2012

Both negative and idealized maternal prenatal representations may constitute a risk for mother–infant interaction. This study analyzed the role of maternal prenatal representations and pre‐ to postnatal representational change in predicting mother–infant emotional availability (EA) among 51 drug‐abusing mothers and their infants who participated in either psychodynamic group therapy (PGT) or received psychosocial support (PSS) and among 50 nonusing comparison dyads. Maternal representations of her child, the child's father, her own mother, self‐as‐mother, and self‐as‐woman were measured during pregnancy and at 4 and 12 months' postpartum with the Interview of Maternal Representations (M. Ammaniti et al., 1992; M. Ammaniti, R. Tambelli, & P. Perucchini, 1998). EA was measured with the Emotional Availability Scales, fourth edition (Z. Biringen, 2008) at 4 and 12 months. The results showed that drug‐abusing mothers had more negative prenatal representations of the self‐as‐woman and of the child's father. Postnatally, PSS mothers tended to first idealize their child, but later to experience disillusionment of idealization. Both negative and idealized prenatal representations of the self‐as‐mother predicted mother–infant EA problems, but only among the PGT mothers. For all mothers, negative representational change was detrimental for the mother–infant EA whereas for drug‐abusing mothers, also increasing idealization from the prenatal period to the postnatal period was harmful. Clinicians working with drug‐abusing mothers should aim at supporting the development of a realistically positive view of motherhood.
Microrheology of human synovial fluid of arthritis patients studied by diffusing wave spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yin‐Quan , Chou Pei‐lun , Cheng Chen‐Yu , Chiang Chia‐Chun , Wei Ming‐Tzo , Chuang Chin‐Ting , Chen Yi‐Lin Sophia , Chiou Arthur
Published: March 2012

The viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid (SF) are critical to its functions of lubrication and shock‐absorption of joints in human body; a change in the viscoelastic properties, even of only a few percents, is often concomitant with arthritis. In this work, the elastic modulus G ′(f) and the viscous modulus G ′′(f) of SF from patients suffering from three kinds of joint diseases, namely, osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and gouty arthritis (GA), were determined as a function of frequency “f ” (in the low frequency range from f ∼ 0.1 to 10 Hz) by Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) and correlated with the white blood cell (WBC) count. A strong correlation was observed, showing a higher WBC count corresponding to lower elastic and viscous moduli, G ′ and G ′′; further details depend on inflammatory vs. non‐inflammatory, and on the severity of inflammation. Different types of arthritis lead to different degrees of decreasing viscoelasticity. Identical measurements were carried out with a commercial visco‐supplementation (or artificial SF) to serve as reference. In general, the reduction in both G ′ and G ′′ was most severe in the case of GA and least severe in the case of OA. Besides, in all cases, the reduction in G ′ was more prominent than the reduction in G ′′, indicating that in general, the deterioration in the elasticity of SF by inflammation is more severe than that in the viscosity. This simple method for quantitative physical characterization of synovial fluid may serve as a useful complementary metric to the conventional biochemical analysis in clinical diagnosis of arthritis. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Total variation versus wavelet‐based methods for image denoising in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Chang Ching‐Wei , Mycek Mary‐Ann
Published: March 2012

We report the first application of wavelet‐based denoising (noise removal) methods to time‐domain box‐car fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images and compare the results to novel total variation (TV) denoising methods. Methods were tested first on artificial images and then applied to low‐light live‐cell images. Relative to undenoised images, TV methods could improve lifetime precision up to 10‐fold in artificial images, while preserving the overall accuracy of lifetime and amplitude values of a single‐exponential decay model and improving local lifetime fitting in live‐cell images. Wavelet‐based methods were at least 4‐fold faster than TV methods, but could introduce significant inaccuracies in recovered lifetime values. The denoising methods discussed can potentially enhance a variety of FLIM applications, including live‐cell, in vivo animal, or endoscopic imaging studies, especially under challenging imaging conditions such as low‐light or fast video‐rate imaging. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of acute antibody‐mediated kidney rejection
Authors: Ahmed Tahmeena , Senzel Lisa
Published: March 2012

Approximately 10% of renal transplant recipients experience acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) due to alloimmunization against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and other antigens. While therapeutic apheresis is included in most treatment protocols for acute kidney allograft rejection, these protocols have been derived mainly from single center experience rather than controlled trials. This concise review focuses on the role of therapeutic apheresis in AMR treatment. Two groups have recently reported treating acute AMR using drug‐only strategies without therapeutic apheresis in particular situations, namely in clinically less severe cases or in resource‐limited situations without testing for donor specific antibodies. A randomized controlled trial, designed to test the efficacy of immunoadsorption apheresis in AMR treatment, was terminated early and suggested a benefit of apheresis. An observational study suggested efficacy of plasmapheresis in acute AMR treatment, but all patients who received plasmapheresis also received rituximab. As new therapeutic modalities are becoming available, therapeutic apheresis continues to play a role in the treatment of acute kidney allograft rejection. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMB) plays negative roles in breast cancer by coordinating BMP signaling
Authors: Li Jin , Ye Lin , Sanders Andrew J. , Jiang Wen G.
Published: March 2012

Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) coordinate axon formation and iron homestasis. These molecules are also known as co‐receptors of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). However, the role played by RGMs in breast cancer remains unclear. The present study investigated the impact of RGMB on functions of breast cancer cells and corresponding mechanisms. RGMB was knocked down in breast cancer cells by way of an anti‐RGMB ribozyme transgene. Knockdown of RGMB resulted in enhanced capacities of proliferation, adhesion, and migration in breast cancer cells. Further investigations demonstrated RGMB knockdown resulted in a reduced expression and activity of Caspase‐3, accompanied with better survival in RGMB knockdown cells under serum starvation, which might be induced by its repression on MAPK JNK pathway. Up‐regulations of Snai1, Twist, FAK, and Paxillin via enhanced Smad dependent sigaling led to increased capacities of adhesion and migration. Our current data firstly revealed that RGMB may act as a negative regulator in breast cancer through BMP signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2523–2531, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Polypyridyl chelators deplete cellular zinc and destabilize the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) prior to induction of apoptosis in human prostate and breast cancer cells
Authors: Zuo Jian , Schmitt Sara M. , Zhang Zhen , Prakash Jai , Fan Yuhua , Bi Caifeng , Kodanko Jeremy J. , Dou Q. Ping
Published: March 2012

X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), inhibits the initiation and execution phases of the apoptotic pathway. XIAP is the most potent member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family of the endogenous caspase inhibitors. Therefore, targeting XIAP may be a promising strategy for the treatment of apoptosis‐resistant malignancies. In this study, we systematically studied the relationships of chemical structures of several novel ligands to their zinc (Zn)‐binding ability, molecular target XIAP, and tumor cell death‐inducing activity. We show that treatment of PC‐3 prostate cancer and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells with these membrane‐permeable Zn‐chelators with different Zn affinities results in varying degrees of XIAP depletion. Following decreased level of XIAP expression, we also show apoptosis‐related caspase activation and cellular morphological changes upon treatment with strong Zn‐chelators N4Py and BnTPEN. Addition of Zn has a full protective effect on the cells treated with these chelators, while iron (Fe) addition has only partial protection that, however, can be further increased to a comparable level of protection as Zn by inhibition of ROS generation, indicating that cell death effects mediated by Fe‐ but not Zn‐complexes involve redox cycling. These findings suggest that strong Zn‐chelating agents may be useful in the treatment of apoptosis‐resistant human cancers. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2567–2575, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on Suzuki‐Miyaura Reactions Catalyzed by Ferrocenyl or Cobaltocenyl Phosphines Ligated Palladium Complexes
Authors: Hsiao Jun , Weng Chia‐Ming , Hong Fung‐E
Published: March 2012

DFT studies on several dppf‐ and dppc‐derived bidentate phosphines ligated palladium complexes catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions were pursued. The catalytic reactions employing ligands, having two phosphine biting sites on different cyclpentadienyl or cyclobutadiene rings, such as 1,1'‐dmpf or 1,1'‐dmpc, have been verified to be energetically more favorable than those on the same ring provided that tetra‐coordinated palladium conformations for all transition states and intermediates are maintained. Apart from the purpose of storage, the application of phosphinous acid (R2P(OH)) in Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction is inferior to tertiary phosphine (R3P).
Construction of 1D and 2D Zinc Coordination Polymers Based on Organic Carboxylate Anions and Flexible Imidazole‐Containing Ligand
Authors: Geng Jian Chen , Cui Guang Hua , Jiao Cui Huan , Liu Tong Fei , He Cui Hong
Published: March 2012

Two novel zinc coordination polymers {[Zn(PhCOO)2(bmix)]}n 1 and {[Zn(ada)(bmix)]·(H2O)2}n 2 (bmix = 1,4‐bis(2‐methylimidazole‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H2ada = adipic acid), were obtained by the hydrothermal reactions of bmix and zinc acetate with two carboxylate anions, respectively. Structural analyses show that complex 1 possess a one‐dimensional helix chain structure, 2 takes two‐dimensional corrugated (4,4) layer motif. The structural differences of two complexes indicate that organic carboxylate anions play important roles in the formation of such zinc(II) coordination architectures.