bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOMODIFIKASI UPACARA NGARAS DAN NGIBAKAN ADAT SUNDA DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Sidik Muhamad Irfan Maulana , Rustiyanti Sri , Setyobudi Imam
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK Upacara tradisi ngaras dan ngibakan merupakan suatu tradisi yang dilakukan sebelum pelaksanaan hari pernikahan. Upacara ini, dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat Sunda termasuk pada masyarakat Sunda di Kota Bandung sebagai suatu cara yang dipercaya agar prosesi pernikahan dapat berjalan lancar. Dalam perkembangan era globalisasi, tradisi tersebut mengalami perubahan diakibatkan masyarakat Kota Bandung yang mudah mendapatkan arus globalisasi sehingga masyarakat lebih menyukai produk jasa yang lebih efisien dan praktis sebagai ciri masyarakat modern. Hal ini berdampak pada munculnya penyedia jasa yang memodifikasi tradisi ngaras dan ngibakan dengan mengikuti permintaan pasar untuk mendapatkan nilai komoditas maksimal. Tulisan ini, merupakan deskripsi analisis dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Adapun teori yang digunakan, yaitu komodifikasi. Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk menggali sejauh mana proses komodifikasi serta dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap masyarakat Sunda Kota Bandung itu sendiri.Kata Kunci : Komodifikasi, Upacara Tradisi, Ngaras dan Ngibakan ABSTRACT The ngaras and ngibakan ceremony is a tradition that is carried out before entering the wedding day. This ceremony, carried out by the Sundanese people in the city of Bandung as a trusted way for the wedding procession to run smoothly. In the development of the era of globalization, the tradition has changed due tothe people of the city of Bandung who are easy to get the flow of modernization so that people prefer service products that are more efficient and practical. This has resulted in the emergence of service providers who modify the ngaras and trap traditions that follow market demand to get maximum commodity value. This research, is a description of the analysis using qualitative research methods. The theory used is the Commodification. This study aims to explore the process of commodification and its impact on the Sundanese people of Bandung.Keywords: Commodification, Tradition Ceremony, Ngaras and Ngibakan
Implementation of a national waterborne disease outbreak surveillance system: overview and preliminary results, France, 2010 to 2019
Authors: Pouey Jerome , Galey Catherine , Chesneau Julie , Jones Gabrielle , Franques Nathalie , Beaudeau Pascal ,   groupe des référents régionaux EpiGEH, Mouly Damien
Published: August 2021

Background

Waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDO) associated with tap water consumption are probably underestimated in France.

Aim

In order to improve their detection, Santé publique France launched a surveillance system in 2019, based on the periodical analysis of health insurance data for medicalised acute gastroenteritis (mAGE).

Methods

Spatio-temporal cluster detection methods were applied to mAGE cases to prioritise clusters for further investigation. These investigations determined the plausibility that infection is of waterborne origin and the strength of association.

Results

Between January 2010 and December 2019, 3,323 priority clusters were detected (53,878 excess mAGE cases). They involved 3,717 drinking water supply zones (WSZ), 15.4% of all French WSZ. One third of these WSZ (33.4%; n = 1,242 WSZ) were linked to repeated clusters. Moreover, our system detected 79% of WBDO voluntarily notified to health authorities.

Conclusion

Environmental investigations of detected clusters are necessary to determine the plausibility that infection is of waterborne origin. Consequently, they contribute to identifying which WSZ are linked to clusters and for which specific actions are needed to avoid future outbreaks. The surveillance system incorporates three priority elements: linking environmental investigations with water safety plan management, promoting the systematic use of rainfall data to assess waterborne origin, and focusing on repeat clusters. In the absence of an alternative clear hypothesis, the occurrence of a mAGE cluster in a territory completely matching a distribution zone indicates a high plausibility of water origin.
Sensitivity and specificity of the antigen-based anterior nasal self-testing programme for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in schools, Austria, March 2021
Authors: Willeit Peter , Bernar Benoît , Zurl Christoph , Al-Rawi Mariam , Berghold Andrea , Bernhard David , Borena Wegene , Doppler Christian , Kerbl Reinhold , Köhler Alwin , Krause Robert , Lamprecht Bernd , Pröll Johannes , Schmidt Hannes , Steinmetz Ivo , Stelzl Evelyn , Stoiber Heribert , von Laer Dorothee , Zuber Johannes , Müller Thomas , Strenger Volker , Wagner Michael
Published: August 2021

This study evaluates the performance of the antigen-based anterior nasal screening programme implemented in all Austrian schools to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections. We combined nationwide antigen-based screening data obtained in March 2021 from 5,370 schools (Grade 1–8) with an RT-qPCR-based prospective cohort study comprising a representative sample of 244 schools. Considering a range of assumptions, only a subset of infected individuals are detected with the programme (low to moderate sensitivity) and non-infected individuals mainly tested negative (very high specificity).
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF MORBID OBESE CANDIDATES FOR BARIATRIC SURGE
Authors:   1Departamento de Educação Física – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,   ²Laboratório Avançado de Educação Física e Saúde – Hospital das Clínicas de Pernambuco.
Published: August 2021

Objective: To investigate the relationship between perception of quality of life, levels of physical activity and socioeconomic status of morbidly obese candidates for bariatric surgery, registered in the outpatient clinic of HC/UFPE/EBSERH. Methods: Cross-sectional observational research conducted with sixty-two morbidly obese individuals candidates for bariatric surgery with age=39,53±10,72 years and BMI=50,05±9,26 kg/m², where they were interviewed using the IPAQ, SF-36 and ABEP questionnaires. Spearman’s correlation was used to correlate continuous variables and differences between groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The Physical Functioning domain had a significantly higher score (p=0,01) for the level of Moderate physical activity (61,05±25,03; n=19) compared to the Low level (40,83±23,20; n=30); the Role-Physical domain had a significantly higher score (p=0,029) for the level of High physical activity (65,38±36,14; n=13) compared to those of Low level (35,83±35,77; n=30). Individuals of socioeconomic status B (n=17) had scores significantly higher than individuals of status C (n=45) in the Physical Functioning [X² (1) = 4,800; p <0.05], General Health [X² (1) = 11.568; p <0.01], Vitality [X² (1) = 7.278; p <0.01], Social Functioning [X² (1) = 4.086; p <0.05], Role-Emotional [X² (1) = 6.467; p <0.05] and Mental Health [X² (1) = 7.055; p <0.01] domains. Conclusion: Morbidly obese candidates for bariatric surgery with low levels of physical activity have lower scores on physical components of quality of life and when framed in a lower socioeconomic status they report lower scores on physical and mental components of quality of life.
PROMOTING PERFORMANCE OF SMES ARCHITECTURAL FIRMS IN IMO STATE THROUGH APPLICATION OF COST ACCOUNTING SKILLS
Authors: Uchegbu Miriam Chukwuma , Anuli Enyeribe Vivian , Okoro T.C. , Okereke Chigozie James
Published: August 2021

This study investigated effects of cost accounting skills on performance of small and medium scale architectural firms in Imo state. Specifically, the study appraises cost accounting skills applied in contract costing and also relationship between efficient financial record keeping and financial performance of architectural firms in Imo state, two hypotheses were developed From the objectives. The population consists of owners of 50 architectural firms in Owerri metropolis, which also served as sample. Primary data was used with questionnaire structured in four point likert scale of very great extent (VGE), great extent (GE), very little extent (VLE) and little extent (LE). Cronbach Alpha reliability test was used to determine internal consistency of respondents responses and reliability co-efficient of 0.796. Data were analysed with ordinary least square regression model with SPSS stastitical tool version 20. Findings reveal that SMEs architectural firms … null hypothesis one was accepted with conclusion that SME architectural firms do not practice cost accounting skill in contract costing while null hypothesis two was rejected with conclusion that significant relationship exist between efficient financial record keeping and financial performance of the firms. The research therefore recommend that; architectural firms should apply cost accounting skills in their contract costing and also keep efficient financial record to enhance their performance.
A BRIEF POLITICO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INDIA SINCE 2014
Authors: Kro Mangal Sing
Published: August 2021

The public representatives have often spoken on the change as well as about New India. What is New India? The answer to this question will depend on the result or the outcome of their actions. The ruling government has been changing and modifying some existing laws and regulations through the parliament imbibing their ideologies. The government which was influenced by neo-liberalists has already privatized some public running enterprises. Many people criticize this ruling government and have called it the less liberal and less democratic style of governance. The questions of freedom associated with religion, expression etc. are often raised by the people during this government.
The Nexus of COVID-19 Pandemic, Foreign Exchange Rates, and Short-Term Returns
Authors: Chaudhry Ali Farhan
Published: August 2021

The current study examines short-term abnormal returns of eight major currencies including EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/AUD, USD/CAD, USD/CHF, USD/CNY, USD/JPY, and USD/SEK in response to the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic using event study approach in three different scenarios. Firstly, short-term abnormal returns of major currencies are estimated on the day of World Health Organization’s (WHO) announcement declaring COVID-19 as a pandemic. Secondly, they are estimated on the day of the announcement of the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the respective country. Thirdly, they are estimated on the day of the announcement of the first death from COVID-19 in each country. The results provided evidence that major currency investors earned positive returns in these three different scenarios. The implications of the current study are more important than anticipated. Government policymakers, foreign exchange market regulators, and foreign exchange market participants can anticipate short-term returns while establishing foreign exchange policies, designing rules and regulations, and finalizing trading and hedging strategies, respectively, in situations such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. 

Received Date: September 20, 20202      Last Received:   October 23, 2020     Acceptance: November 13, 2020
Economics of COVID-19: A case of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Yasmeen Sadia , Sohail Hadia
Published: August 2021

Desperate times call for desperate measures. This study explores those assessment tools which may enlighten the current pandemic situation. It assesses the link between the COVID-19 incidence and its effects on the length of the expected recessionary period in the region. Being a developing economy, the Prime Minister of Pakistan feared that the severity of recession because of a strict lockdown may not be tolerable. This study developed a theoretical model to explain the possible parameters and tradeoffs which can help in the decision to ease the lockdown. Previously, social and print media focused on the reporting of COVID-19 cases and consequently, its mortality rate. This study used the relative forms of recovery and mortality rates to assess their quadratic/nonlinear pattern with respect to time. It is proposed here that the government should use more complicated plots to assess how COVID-19 is evolving and should also prepare a fact-finding team to assess the situation for easing the lockdown.

Received Date: June  30, 20202    Last Received:  October 10, 2020    Acceptance: December  8, 2020
Measuring the Impact of Coronavirus at Grassroot Level in Pakistan: Perils, Pitfalls and Preventive Strategies
Authors: Zareen Memoona , Ahmad Nawaz , Arif Munazza
Published: August 2021

At the forefront of strategists and policymakers' minds stand the catastrophic circumstances of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Severe trauma of unprecedented economic shocks and financial crises brought the country's mechanism to experience a sudden halt.  It is necessary to consider how to accelerate recovery and mitigate the spread of negative consequences affecting sectors, industries, institutions, and diverse ventures. Amidst the existing vulnerabilities imposed by inadequate resources and constrained mobility of necessities, the sustainable measures balancing costs and benefits will equip Pakistani communities to fight the corona war proficiently. We analyze the size of adversities hurting various types of individuals, variations in an inflow of economic and financial activities, and reactions to massive disturbances, albeit to different levels. Aligned with in-depth insights and findings, the development of preventive strategies in these desperate times can protect Pakistan's economy from long-lasting disruptions, landing on the safe zone over the coming years.

Received Date: October 13, 2020   Last Received:  December 10, 2020  Acceptance:  December  30, 2020
Empirical Implications of Decentralization Dimensions and the Role of Political Institutions in the Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Kalim Dr Rukhsana
Published: August 2021

Decentralization is the fundamental policy variable used to enhance the allocative efficiency through public spending / tax priorities, subject to the local demand. The current study evaluates the impact of the various dimensions of decentralization on the economic growth of Pakistan for the years 1972-2018. Ng-Perron tests and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) were applied to fix the unit root problem in the time series data. To find the cointegration among decentralization, the role of institutions, and economic growth the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach (ARDL) was used. The outcomes suggested that tax decentralization is a growth promoting policy. On the contrary, administrative and political decentralization negatively affect the economic growth. The analysis shows that political freedom also has a growth retarding impact on the economy. The current study is useful regarding the policy implications of the process of decentralization.
Penerapan Convolutional Neural Network pada Citra Rontgen Paru-Paru untuk Deteksi SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bambang Pilu Hartato
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 was officially declared as a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. For COVID-19, the testing methods commonly used are the Antibody Testing and RT-PCR Testing. Both methods are considered to be the most effective in determining whether a person has been suffered from COVID-19 or not. However, alternative testing methods need to be tried. One of them is using the Convolutional Neural Network. This study aims to measure the performance of CNN in classifying x-ray image of a person’s chest to determine whether the person is suffered from COVID-19 or not. The CNN model that was built consists of 1 convolutional 2D layer, 2 activation layers, 1 maxpooling layer, 1 dropout layer, 1 flatten layer, and 1 dense layer. Meanwhile, the chest x-ray image dataset used is the COVID-19 Radiography Database. This dataset consists of 3 classes, i.e. COVID-19 class, NORMAL class, and VIRAL_PNEUMONIA. The experiments consisted of 4 scenarios and were carried out using Google Colab. Based on the experiments, the CNN model can achieve an accuracy of 98.69%, a sensitivity of 97.71%, and a specificity of 98.90%. Thus, CNN has a very good performance to classify the disease based on a person’s chest x-ray.
Klasifikasi Citra Daging Menggunakan Deep Learning dengan Optimisasi Hard Voting
Authors: Kade Bramasta Vikana Putra  , I Putu Agung Bayupati  , Dewa Made Sri Arsa
Published: August 2021

Meat is a staple food for some Indonesian people, apart from the taste, meat also contains vitamins and minerals that are good for the human body, however, not all meat can be consumed by the Indonesian people. the texture and color of beef, pork and mutton have similarities and tend to be similar, therefore a system is needed to recognize the three types of meat. In this study, the authors use various types of Deep Learning architecture such as Resnet-50, VGG-16, VGG-19 and Densenet-121 with Hard Voting to improve the performance of Deep Learning in recognizing the three types of meat. The results show that Resnet-50 with Hard Voting can outperform Deep Learning Resnet-50, VGG-16, VGG-19 and Densenet-121- with f1 score 98.88%, precision 98.89% and recall 98.88%. in image classification of pork, beef and mutton.
Analisis dan Implementasi Algoritma Asimetris Dual Modulus RSA (DM-RSA) pada Aplikasi Chat
Authors: Aminudin  , Ilyas Nuryasin
Published: August 2021

The RSA algorithm is one of the cryptographic algorithms with an asymmetric model where the algorithm has two keys, namely the public key and the private key. However, as time goes on, these algorithms are increasingly exposed to security holes and make this algorithm vulnerable to being hacked by people who do not have authority. The vulnerability stems from the algorithm's public keys (e and n). The strength of the RSA algorithm is based on the difficulty of factoring two prime numbers that are generated during the key generation process, if these values ​​can be known using certain methods, the public key and private key values ​​will be found. Therefore, there are many studies that improvise the RSA algorithm, one of which is the Dual Modulus RSA (DM-RSA) algorithm. The algorithm uses four prime numbers which produce 2 modulus and 4 keys (2 public keys and 2 private keys). From the results of the Kraitchik factorization test, it was found that the DM-RSA algorithm was proven to be more resistant up to 2 times or even more than the standard RSA algorithm. This is evidenced by the fact that the value of n is 24 bits, the RSA algorithm can last up to 63204 ms (1 minute 22 seconds) while the Dual Modulus RSA algorithm lasts up to 248494123 ms (142 minutes 47 seconds).
Examining the Draft Law on the Teaching Profession in Turkey
Authors: TUNA Cem , Kazdal Yakub
Published: August 2021

Milli eğitim sisteminin en önemli paydaşlarından biri olan öğretmenler bir meslek kanuna ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Öğretmenlik mesleğiyle ilgili şu ana kadar yapılmış kanuni düzenlemeler dağınık bir görüntü vermekte ve yetersiz kalmaktadır.
Uzmanlığın öneminin giderek arttığı günümüzde öğretmenlerin görevlerinin, sorumluluklarının ve haklarının tek bir yasal metin içinde günümüz şartları da gözetilerek yeniden düzenlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. MEB 2023 Eğitim Vizyonu
belgesinde öğretmenler için bir meslek kanunu hazırlığı yapılacağı ifade edilmiştir. Hazırlanacak meslek kanunu için kurum, dernek ve sendikalardan farklı ortamlarda olmak üzere tasarı, teklif ve öneriler gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu
çalışmada önerilerden dört tanesi üzerinde karşılaştırmalı olarak durulmuştur. Bunlar TEDMEM’in hazırladığı "Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu Öneri Metni", Eğitim-Bir-Sen'in hazırladığı "Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu İhtiyaçlar Öneriler",
Şuurlu Öğretmenler Derneği’nin "Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu Hakkındaki Düşünceler" ve CHP’nin 2018 yılı "Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu Teklifi" isimli metinlerdir. Çalışmada ulaşılan ortak sonuçlardan bir kaçı şöyledir: Öğretmenlik,
profesyonel bir meslektir. Öğretmenlik Meslek Kanunu paydaşlar için bir ihtiyaçtır. Mesleki standartlar belirlenmiş olmalıdır. Öğretmen adayları yükseköğretim programlarında yetiştirilir. Öğretmen adaylarının yetiştirilmesinde
uygulamaya önem verilir. Öğretmenler kadrolu olarak atanmalıdır. Öğretmen adayları öğretmenliğe alınırken sınava tabi tutulmalıdır. Kariyer basamaklarında yükselmeler nesnel ölçütlere dayanmalıdır. Öğretmenler, dezavantajlı çalışma
şartları gözetilerek ücret almalıdır. Öğretmenlere karşı işlenen suçların cezaları ağırlaştırılarak verilmelidir.
Outdoor play with children with Down syndrome and their awareness of environmental benefits
Authors: Pulaj Fatmire , Morina Rifat
Published: August 2021

Le të jetë ky punim një thirrje për shpresë për ne të rinjët, por edhe për mësimdhënësit sidomos për ata mësimdhënës që nuk kanë pasur përvoja me fëmijë me nevoja të vecanta. Puna dhe dashuria janë nismë dhe celës të cdo gjëje, e nëpërmjet
tyre ne duhet të hapim dyert e pranimit dhe arsimimit për këta fëmijë. Barazia, duhet të jetë në qëllimet themelore të edukatës sonë, ku secili njeri pavarësisht specifikave të ndryshme, të identifikohet special dhe unik. Kjo duhet
të jetë e njejtë si për ne, një lloj edhe për këta fëmijë... ata janë si ne dhe ne jemi si ata. Bazuar në këto u përcaktua edhe qëllimi i këtij punimi : “Loja në natyrë me fëmijët me sindromën Down dhe sensibilizimi i tyre për
të mirat mjedisore”, që përmes kësaj teme ti shohim më afër karakteristikat e vecantit e këtyre fëmijëve. Për kompletimin e punimit është përdorur Metoda e Analizës Teorike duke bërë një vështrim të përgjithshëm të literaturave
në lidhje me temën.
Community Consumption of Traditional Medicine and Health Supplements During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic
Authors: Fadliyah Hilyatul , Nurwahyuni Atik , Faradiba
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) encourages the community to prioritize basic and personal health needs. This study aimed to explore the consumer behaviour of traditional medicine and health supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia using the Consumer Decision Model approach. A quick online cross-sectional survey involving 215 respondents was carried out from December 23, 2020, until January 2, 2021. This study revealed that the majority of respondents consume the products as forced by the pandemic situation, and their use has increased than before the pandemic. The primary reason for consuming the product is to increase their immunity during a pandemic, and they felt more healthy after consuming it. Social media and television are the primary sources of product information. Furthermore, we found that the majority of respondents were branded product consumers. Respondents were more likely to have good behaviour based on knowledge of the products' legality, dosage, indication, instructions for use, and expiration date. This study sets appropriate consumer behaviour and performs the statistical tests only for branded product consumers. It is concluded that consumer behaviour in this study is related to product advertisement exposure and acceptance, environmental influence, and individual difference.
Association of Dementia Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Profile with Human Herpes Viruses 3 and 7: An in-silico Investigation
Authors: James Lisa M. , Charonis Spyros A. , Georgopoulos Apostolos P.
Published: August 2021

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), the most highly polymorphic region of the human genome, is increasingly recognized as an important genetic contributor to dementia risk and resilience. HLA is involved in protection against foreign antigens including human herpes viruses (HHV), which have been widely implicated in dementia. Here we used an in silico approach1 to determine binding affinities of glycoproteins from 9 human herpes virus (HHV) strains to 113 HLA alleles, and to examine the association of a previously identified HLA-dementia risk profile2 to those affinities. We found a highly significant correlation between high binding affinities of HLA alleles to HHV 3 and 7 and the dementia risk scores of those alleles, such that the higher the estimated binding affinity, the lower the dementia risk score. These findings suggest that protection conferred by HLA alleles may be related to their ability to bind and eliminate HHV3 and HHV7 and point to the possibility that protection against these viruses may reduce dementia incidence.
Relationship between ulnar collateral ligament thickness and joint hypermobility in young adults
Authors: Reuter Peter R. , J. van Duijn Arie , Fichthorn Kaylee R. , Mroz Lacy
Published: August 2021

Joint hypermobility is largely understood as a dysfunction of collagen fibers within connective tissues, allowing for a range of motion markedly increased over validated normal values. The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow provides stability to the elbow during valgus stress and, thus, has great significance in overhead throwing sports due to its susceptibility to injury. Our cross-sectional study explored the relationship between the length and width of the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow and joint hypermobility. Two hundred and eighty-four undergraduate students completed a Beighton score assessment. Ultrasound images of the participants’ UCL were obtained in both arms at rest and under gravity induced valgus force. Sixty-one participants reported hypermobility in at least one elbow joint, and hypermobility in one elbow joint was correlated with hypermobility in the other. There were moderate correlations between UCL thickness and joint gapping between left and right elbow joints. However, there was no significant difference in UCL anterior bundle thickness or medial elbow joint gapping at rest or under valgus stress between those with and without hypermobile elbow joints. The thickness of the anterior bundle of the UCL and humeroulnar joint gap at rest moderately correlates to corresponding thickness and width under valgus stress. There is no significant difference in UCL anterior bundle thickness or joint width in people with elbow hypermobility and those without.
Inter/transculturalidade na Amazônia
Authors: Meunier Olivier
Published: August 2021

Inter/transculturalidade na Amazônia

 

Sumário: A transmissão tradicional dos conhecimentos nas sociedades da oralidade e o modelo ocidental da forma escolar podem aparecer a priori dicotômicas, o que frequentemente contribuiu para o seu desenvolvimento justaposto e frequentemente um processo de dominação do segundo sobre as primeiras. No Brasil, após o processo republicano que visa assimilar as populações indígenas à Nação durante os anos 1970-1980, estas últimas organizaram-se para salvaguardar seu território e sua identidade cultural, o que preparado, desde os anos noventa, na generalização de uma educação escolar intercultural nos territórios indígenas, abrindo a forma escolar ocidental aos conhecimentos socioculturais indígenas. Assistimos a invenção institucional de uma escola indígena em um contexto de questionamento da hegemonia de dispositivos e das visões do mundo procedentes da colonização e da construção do Estado-nação brasileiro. Esta dinâmica inscreve-se no âmbito de um processo de transição democrática e de descentralização que caracteriza uma nova forma de governança de uma grande parte dos países da América Latina onde os territórios indígenas e os recursos dos quais dispõem podem ser preservados. Tem-se a possibilidade de desenvolver uma outra visão da educação escolar baseada numa dialética entre conhecimentos indígenas e conhecimentos escolares numa perspectiva de desenvolvimento sustentável dos territórios indígenas. Novas experiências começam a efetuar-se a partir do fim dos anos 2000 no ensino médio numa perspectiva “integrada” e o estudo de caso da escola Pamáali informa-nos sobre a maneira como foi organizado e sua articulação com os aspectos culturais, linguísticos, societais e ambientais específicos dos povos Baniwa e Coripaco que são os protagonistas.

 

Palavras-chave: Educação bilingue intercultural, povos indígenas, desenvolvimento sustentável, Amazônia, Baniwa.
LATERAL EPICONDYLE TENDINOPATHY;
Authors: Arif Muhammad Asim , Sharif Faiza , Khalid Muhammad Usman
Published: August 2021

Forearm, wrist and hand use is becoming integral part in most of occupationsdue to involvement of computer and other technology based gadgets at every level. This trendhas resulted in high risk of cumulative repetitive soft tissue injuries such as lateral epicondyletendinopathy. Manipulative physical therapy is of the interventions. To make it more precise andeffective in terms of time and cost, effects of various manipulative techniques must be estimated.The aim of study is to compare the effect of Ulnar Medial Lateral Glide versus Radius AnteriorGlide for Improving Lateral epicondyle tendinopathy. Study Design: It was Randomized ClinicalTrial. Setting: Physiotherapy OPD of Nawaz Sharif Social Security Hospital, Lahore. Period:1 July 2016 31 December 2016 (6 months). Methods: Convenience Sampling Technique isused for the study. Subjects with nonspecific lateral epicondyle tendinopathy, were randomlyallocated to 2 groups; one taking ulnar medial lateral glide, other anterior radial glide. Baseline,post-intervention two readings were taken through Numeric Rating Pain Scale and lateralepicondyle tendinopathy symptoms. Data was analyzed through SPSS. Independent t test wasapplied. Results: Mean age of patient in group of medial lateral glide 32.15 SD + 7.67 and ingroup of medial lateral glide 32.1471 SD+7.67. Mean Body Mass Index of patients in group ofmedial lateral glide 24.79 SD + 3.574 and anterior radius glide, 24 SD + 3.172. The results showp value 0.929 and 0.819, respectively. However, within group is significant difference at preinterventionaland post-interventional assessment p-0.2 and p-0.000 respectively. Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes of ulnar medial lateral glide andanterior radial glide. Still the ulnar medial lateral glide group performed better if we considermicro statistics.
SPLENECTOMY;
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Saleem Saira , Anjum Shakeel , Rehan A.G.
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To analyze the complications following elective splenectomy. StudyDesign: Descriptive cross- sectional. Setting and Duration: This study was conducted in thedepartment of surgery, Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad from January 2011 to December2016. Method: After a good preoperative workup and preparation, 112 patients underwentelective open splenectomy from Jan 2011 to Dec 2016. Early postoperative complicationswere recorded. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of 112 patients, 09 patients(8%)presented with postoperative complications i.e, thrombocytosis in 4 patients (3.57%),haemorrhage in 2 patients (1.79%), chest infection in 1, meningitis in 1 (0.89%) and ileus in1 (0.89%). Mortality was seen in 1 patient (0.89%). The two patients with fatal postoperativehaemorrhage re-explored. One patient survived and other patient expired. Statistical analysisshowed significance of study, a P value of 0.01. Conclusion: In our institution complicationrate followingsplenectomy is equivalent to recent studies that is related to a good preoperativeworkup, excellent surgical technique and a vigilant postoperative care.
SMOKELESS TOBACCO;
Authors: Shaikh Imran Ali , Masood Naila , Sheikh Fouzia Aijaz , Shaikh Talha
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To know the serum ferritin and vitamin B12 levels in relation to Creactive protein in individuals using smokeless tobacco in Hyderabad, sindh, Pakistan. StudyDesign: Cross sectional study. Place of Study: Private clinics of consultants of Hyderabad,Sindh, Pakistan. Duration of Study: January 2016 to February 2017. Methodology: Onehundred eighty three individuals were selected from different clinics of physicians, dentalsurgeons of sadder Hyderabad sindh Pakistan by judgmental sampling. Patients were youngsubjects, mean age was 21.4±7.4 years, mean BMI was 22.1±3.8 and mean duration ofchewing tobacco was 2±1.5 years. All types and forms of gutaka, manpuri and flavored betelnut were included like bombart, zafri and panparag. The dose was 30-100grams once or twotimes. SPSS 16 was used as statical software and Chai square test was used to calculatep value. P value was taken <0.05 statically significant. Results: Frequency of use of gutkawas 32%, Betel nut 38% and 29% had habit of chewing manpuri. Serum ferritin was low andc reactive protein was high, p value was <0.05 in gutaka and manpuri users. Vitamin B12was reduced significantly in gutaka user p value was <0.05. In betel nut chewers significantfinding was only high C reactive protein, p value <0.04. Conclusion: Smokeless tobacco hassignificant negative impact on serum ferritin and vitamin B12 levels. These chewing agents alsoincreased inflammatory markers like c reactive protein.
VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY;
Authors: Malik Arif , Shaheen Bushra , Farooq Muhammad Shahzad , Ain Qura-Tul- , Waquar Sulayman
Published: August 2021

Background: Deficiency of vitamin D is characterized by the low bone masswhich leads to the bone fragility and high risk of fractures. Bone fractures causes the formationof free radicals, generated by the tissue damaged. Uncontrolled production of free radicalsaccelerates the oxidative stress and increased the bone remodeling process ultimatelycauses osteoporosis. One of the most damaging effects of free radicals is lipid peroxidation;end product of which is MDA, it also act as major factor in osteoblastic activity. Low level ofantioxidative defense system found in osteoporotic patients due to the deficiency of vitamin D.Many important mineral ions removed from bones and risk of bone fragility increases. Currentstudy is aim to check the antioxidative effect produced from excess reactive oxygen speciescompared with low level of vitamin D which is held responsible for higher or lower activityof bone cells. Study Design: Case Control Study. Setting: Study was conducted at Instituteof Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore. Period of Study: Oneyear. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 272 post-menopausal osteoporotic womenbetween the age 49-57 were collected from Jinnah hospital Lahore. While the samples of 92individuals were served as a control. Concentration of both enzymatic and non-enzymaticantioxidant such as CAT, GSH, SOD, GPx and GR, vitamin A, C and E and levels of MDAwere estimated spectrophotometrically. While the concentration of IL6, AOPPS, AGEs, TNF-α,MMP9, Isoprostanes, LDH, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipid weremeasured by using commercially available Elisa kits. Results: Blood plasma levels of vitaminD were significantly lower in osteoporosis patients than in normal subjects. In addition, levelof stress biomarker such as MDA was found to be higher in patients as compared to control.Due to oxidative stress, level of antioxidants (GSH, CAT, and SOD) was found to be reduced.Blood cells and many other important minerals are also reduces in patient group from theirnormal amount. Conclusion: It concludes that excess production of free radicals over whelmsthe antioxidative system, thus it may leads to osteoporosis. Further more antioxidant speciessubjected to body might protect bone loss and also help in acceleration of healing of fracturedbones.
OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY;
Authors: Tariq Rukiya , Tariq Kalsoom
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The upsurge in occurrence of overweight and obesity is exploredwith the passage of time as the corresponding diseases are increasing rapidly. Objectives:The main objectives of this instant research study were to explore the comorbidities and theirassociation with overweight and obesity among 25 to 60 years old women. Study Design andSetting: Descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Lahore, Pakistan from January2016 to May 2016. Material and Methods: All the non-pregnant and non-lactating women 25to 60 years of age belonging to different socio-economic groups were included in our study.Results: Based on cluster sampling technique and sample size, there were 1555 women in 20clusters in which 1106 overweight and 449 obese women were found for the further research.IBM SPSS statistics version 21 was used to analyze our research findings. Conclusion:The study leads to the interesting exposition of the various overwhelming diseases relatedto overweight and obesity. Significant achievements were obtained by considering differentcomorbidities with respect to which the topic can be easily summarized to some extent.
SALIVARY GLANDS;
Authors: Hussain Sunila , Naseem Nadia , Siraj Muhammad Rashid , Rehman Fakeha , Qureshi Ihtesham-u-Din , Rasool Ghulam , Nagi Abdul Hanan
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC) are the commonest salivary gland malignancies in Pakistan constituting almost 75%of all malignant salivary gland tumours. The objective of this study was explore the clinical &morphological spectrum of these tumours in local population and to grade them w.r.t. moderngrading criteria. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Morbid Anatomy andHistopathology/ Oral Pathology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. Period: Jan.2014 to Sep. 2015. Method: Paraffin embedded blocks and detailed clinical data of 20 caseseach of adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma reported at local tertiarycare hospitals. The histologic diagnosis was made on Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Thetumours were graded into grades I, II & III according to the most recent grading criteria. AdCCwas studied with respect to its morphological patterns (tubular, cribriform and solid) while MECwas studied with special concern to the cell types seen in it (mucous, intermediate, squamousand clear cells). Results: The most frequently observed age group for the patients of AdCCwas the 5th (45%) decade with mean age of 41.50±12.224 years and a female predilection of1.5:1. Minor salivary glands were the commonest site involved (80%) of which palate was mostfrequently affected (37.5%) followed by maxilla (25%). Grade I (75%) was most frequently notedgrade in AdCC. Cribriform pattern (60%) was the most frequently encountered predominanthistological pattern followed by equal distribution of tubular and solid Patterns (20% each).MEC affected most patients in 3rd (30%) decade with mean age of and 32.35±13.674 yearsand male predilection (60%). Parotid gland (70%) was the commonest site involved followedby maxilla (10%). Histologically, grade III (40%) was most frequently noted followed by gradeI (35%) and grade II (25%). Squamous cells (65%) were the predominant cell type in mostcases followed by mucous cells in (35%) cases. Conclusion: Adenoid cystic carcinoma andmucoepidermoid carcinoma both affect a younger age group in our population with a female(1.5:1) and male (1:1.5) predilection respectively. The most favoured site for AdCC and MEC ispalate and parotid gland respectively. Grade I AdCC and cribriform pattern are the commonestgrade and pattern encountered in this study. On the other hand, high grade (Grade III) MECis the most regularly encountered grade in MEC. So, proper grading and staging along withmeticulous surgical approach is needed to improve the life expectancy in these patients.
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
Authors: Nauman Syed Muhammad , Haroon Yousaf , Ahmad Asrar , Saleem Irum
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To compare antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing frequency ofpostoperative surgical site wound infection rate in low risk laparoscopic cholecystectomywith controls. Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Surgery,Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Duration of study: This study was conducted from11-07-2015 to 10-01-2016. Subjects and methods: A total of 650 patients (325 in each group)were included in the study. Patients in group-A received antibiotic prophylaxis whereas patientsin group-B did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis. Results: Mean age of the patients was44.91±13.37 and 42.28±13.76 years in group-A and B, respectively. In group-A there were152 patients (46.7%) and in group-B 148 patients (45.5%) were males. In group-A 173 patients(53.3%) and in group-B 177 patients (54.5%) were females. In group-A, superficial site infectionwas seen in 4 patients (1.2%) and in group-B superficial site infection was observed in 13patients (4.0%). The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p=0.027).Mean duration of symptoms was 5.75±0.50 and 5.77±0.92 days in group-A and B, respectively.Stratification with regard to age, gender and duration of symptoms was carried out. Conclusion:In conclusion, we recommend the use of pre-operative prophylactic antibiotics for patientswho are undergoing elective low-risk laparoscopic cholecystectomy inorder to prevent postoperativeinfectious complications.
Hematoma subgaleal espontáneo en lactantes, una enfermedad subestimada, serie de casos
Authors: Amaya-Medina Lizeth Paola , Pineda-Parra Angélica María , Mora-Bautista Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2021

Introducción. Los hematomas subgaleales son patologías poco frecuentes que suelen originarse y resolverse espontáneamente. En neonatos se asocian con distocias y en lactantes o niños mayores con historial de traumatismo, incluso trivial, que puede pasar inadvertido. Hay un pequeño grupo donde no hay antecedente de trauma ni de otros factores como discrasias sanguíneas, se conforma principalmente por lactantes. El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar una serie de casos de hematomas subgaleales espontáneos en lactantes, por su poca frecuencia, dificultad diagnóstica y diferencias de acuerdo con el tipo neonatal. Casos clínicos. Se presentan cuatro lactantes, entre 4 y 12 meses de edad, diagnosticados con hematomas subgaleales espontáneos (sin relación directa con traumatismo previo), de diferente severidad y atendidos en el servicio de urgencias. Se les realizó una evaluación diagnóstica dirigida a confirmar el hematoma y descartar trastornos de coagulación asociados. Todos los casos mostraron un curso clínico autolimitado sin complicaciones. Discusión. Los hematomas subgaleales espontáneos en lactantes suelen ser benignos, aunque es de vital importancia descartar discrasias sanguíneas. Dentro de éstas, los trastornos plaquetarios no suelen tenerse en cuenta y deben estudiarse. Su manejo es conservador y se reabsorberán solos en pocas semanas. Conclusiones. se debe establecer la causa de los hematomas subgaleales en niños pequeños y contemplar su posible aparición espontánea o por causa de discrasias sanguíneas.
Introduzindo o campo da literacia em saúde: conceito, usos e reflexões para a saúde pública
Authors: Barbosa Leticia
Published: August 2021

Como indivíduos buscam, avaliam, compreendem e utilizam informação sobre saúde? O livro Literacia em saúde oferece possíveis respostas e outras reflexões sobre essa questão. Literacia em saúde pode ser entendida como o conjunto de habilidades e competências acionado por indivíduos e coletividades para buscar, selecionar e dar significado às informações sobre saúde. Nessa perspectiva, o livro em questão discute as relações que se configuram entre a literacia em saúde e as possibilidades de uso das informações em saúde no cuidado próprio e do outro, além de apontar possíveis aplicações na estruturação de políticas públicas e no cotidiano do sistema de saúde e estabelecer um diálogo com a pandemia de Covid-19 em curso.
Cinemateca Brasileira: O sequestro e a destruição de nossa memória audiovisual
Authors: Morettin Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Esta nota trata da crise que atingiu a Cinemateca Brasileira desde 2019, historiando os seus motivos e avaliando os danos provocados pelas últimas ações governamentais. O empenho em descrever neste trabalho as atividades da Cinemateca Brasileira e o que ela representa para toda a sociedade aponta para a convicção de que, mesmo em meio à gravidade do quadro atual, a instituição sobreviverá. Não será por vontade do atual governo ou por virtude de moto-contínuo, mas pela reação da nossa sociedade civil e da Justiça de nosso país ao conjunto de desacertos que a atingiu em cheio.
Analisis Manfaat Penggunaan Aplikasi Zoom Dalam Pembelajaran Daring Bagi Guru Dan Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kuntarto Eko , Sofwan Muhammad , Mulyani Nurlaili
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan manfaat dari penggunaan aplikasi zoom dalam pembelajaran daring bagi guru dan siswa di Sekolah Dasar. Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis fenomenologi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 8 informan, terdiri dari dua guru kelas V dan enam siswa kelas Vc. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan aplikasi zoom memberikan banyak manfaat bagi guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi. Manfaat bagi guru diantaranya memudahkan mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, memudahkan berinteraksi bersama siswa, memberikan variasi dalam pembelajaran daring, menciptakan pembelajaran daring yang aktif , sedangkan manfaat penggunaan zoom bagi  siswa diantaranya memudahkan memahami materi, meningkatkan semangat belajar daring, menghilangkan rasa bosan belajar daring. Manfaat yang dirasakan guru dan siswa tersebut memberikan dampak yang positif dalam pembelajaran daring sehingga menjadi lebih efektif.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sejati Amelia Wahyu , Muhroji  , Rosyadi Ajib , Wulandari Desi Tri , Hidayat Muhamad Taufik
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi dalam aspek spiritual, afektif dan psikomotorik. Jenis penelitian yangndigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan desain deskriptif. Data yangndiperoleh oleh peneliti merupakan data yang berupa data primer dan sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan observasi kepada 6 guru sekolah dasar negeri dan swasta yang terbagi pada guru kelas rendah dan kelas tinggi  di Kecamatan Rembang, Pati, Purwodadi, Sragen, dan Kota Madya Surakarta. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah 1) Pengumpulan data, 2) Reduksi data, 3) Penyajian data, dan 4) Conclusions, keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi metode dengan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: 1) Implementasi pembelajaran daring dalam ranah spiritual berdasarkan hasil wawancara diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencapaian pembelajaran daring pada ranah spiritual berjalan dengan maksimal, 2) Implementasi pembelajaran daring dalam ranah sikap berdasarkan hasil wawancara diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencapaian pembelajaran daring pada ranah sikap berjalan dengan maksimal, dan 3) Implementasi pembelajaran daring dalam ranah ketrampilan berdasarkan hasil wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencapaian pembelajaran daring pada ranah ketrampilan yang diterima siswa terdapat hasil yang maksimal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran dalam masa pandemi covid-19 pada guru sekolah dasar dengan pencapaian yang maksimal.
Penggunaan Permainan Puzzle Carakan Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Aksara Jawa Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Maryana Windri , Rahmawati Laili , Malaya Krisma Anugra
Published: August 2021

Aksara Jawa merupakan salah satu pelajaran yang dirasa cukup sulit untuk siswa Sekolah Dasar. Cara mengajar guru yang masih konvensional menjadi salah satu faktor penyebabnya. Penggunaan media pembelajaran dengan menggunakan permainan edukasi merupakan salah satu solusi untuk guru dalam mengajar. Puzzle carakan merupakan salah satu bentuk inovasi yang dapat digunakan untuk merangsang otak anak. Bermain sambil belajar akan membuat anak lebih tertarik sehingga anak tidak akan merasa cepat bosan.Tujuandaripenelitianiniadalah: (a) Untuk mengetahui mekanisme penggunaan media Puzzle Carakan dalam pembelajaran menulis aksara Jawa.(b) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan media Puzzle Carakan dalam pembelajaran menulis aksara Jawa. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Deskriptif Kualitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan cara menganalisis jawaban siswa, serta perbandingan hasil belajar siswa sebelum belajar menggunakan Puzzle Carakan dan sesudah menggunakan Puzzle Carakan.