bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: thermal helium in the treatment of coronavirus pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Zhuravel’ S. V. , Gavrilov P. V. , Kuznetsova N. K. , Utkina I. I. , Talyzin M. A. , Aleksandrova V. E.
Published: April 2021

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which originated in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has triggered an outbreak of a respiratory illness called COVID-19. Helium is a colorless inert gas, odorless and tasteless. Thermal helium-oxygen therapy is a new and innovative method that allows you to maintain the diffusion capacity of the lungs. The clinical case presented in this article shows that inhalation of a thermal gas mixture of helium and oxygen (t-He/O2) in the standard therapy of a patient with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 positively influenced the clinical picture of the disease, improves gas exchange, and promotes accelerating the elimination of the virus, rehabilitation and discharge of the patient.
Diagnostic and treatment principles of wound process in patients with diabetic foot syndrome and risk groups. Draft recommendations
Authors: Supilnikov A. A. , Kolesnikov E. V. , Starostina A. A. , Trusova L. A. , Mikhailov M. S. , Mantsagova S. A. , Yaremin B. I.
Published: April 2021

The draft clinical guidelines were developed by the team of the scientific group for the treatment of wounds and wound process of the Reaviz Medical University, taking into account modern scientific data, practical experience and original research. The data on the formulation of the diagnosis in diabetic foot syndrome, the existing classification of ulcers and wounds, the survey plan, basic and additional therapy, local treatment of ulcers and wounds are presented.
Analyse des Geschäftsmodells. Verkehrsinfrastrukturgenossenschaft aus Sicht der Stakeholder
Authors: Beck Melanie
Published: April 2021

In Deutschland werden zahlreiche Infrastrukturprojekte durch eine Zusammenarbeit der öffentlichen Hand mit einem privaten Unternehmen umgesetzt. Dies geschieht im Rahmen einer Öffentlich-Privaten-Partnerschaft kurz ÖPP bzw. PPP (Public Private Partnership). Auch im Bereich der Verkehrsinfrastruktur erfolgt die Umsetzung vieler Projekte als ÖPP. Privatunternehmen übernehmen den Ausbau, ggfs. Neubau, Erhalt und Betrieb eines vertraglich festgelegten Autobahnabschnittes, mit zumeist einer Vertragslaufzeit von 25-30 Jahren. Erfüllt das Unternehmen die zuvor definierten Leistungen, erhält es von der öffentlichen Hand ein Entgelt. Laut aktuellen Planungen des Bundes sollen ca. 1.280 km des deutschen Autobahnnetzes durch ÖPP-Projekte erneuert werden. Jedoch existiert eine kontroverse Diskussion dieser Projekte sowohl in der Theorie als auch in der Praxis. Zum einen sind, laut Bundesrechnungshof, solche Projekte teurer als eine konventionelle Umsetzung und zum anderen profitieren, gemäß Untersuchung der TU Braunschweig, hiervon besonders große Baukonzerne. Die mittelständischen, regionalen Bauunternehmer haben kaum Möglichkeiten sich bei ÖPP zu beteiligen. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war die Analyse einer Verkehrsinfrastrukturgenossenschaft, welche eine Alternative zu den bisherigen ÖPP-Projekten darstellt. Die Grundidee dieser Genossenschaft ist es, sowohl den Baumittelstand zu berücksichtigen, als auch eine regionale Wertschöpfung herbei zu führen. In Germany, numerous infrastructure projects are implemented through cooperation between the public sector and a private company. This is done within the framework of a public-private partnership (short: PPP). In the area of transportation infrastructure, too, many projects are implemented as PPPs. Private companies take over the responsibilities of expansion, new construction (if necessary), maintenance and operation of a contractually defined highway section, usually with a contract term of 25-30 years. If the company fulfills the previously defined services, it receives a payment from the public sector. According to current plans of the federal government, approximately 1,280 km of the German highway network are to be renewed through PPP projects. However, there is a controversial discussion of these projects both in theory and in practice. On the one hand, according to the Federal Audit Office, such projects are more expensive than conventional implementation. On the other hand, according to a study by the Technical University of Braunschweig, large contractors in particular benefit from this. Medium-sized, regional construction companies have hardly any opportunities to participate in PPPs. Goal of the research project was the analysis of a transport infrastructure cooperative, which shows an alternative to the existing PPP projects. The basic idea of this cooperative is the consideration of the midsize contractors sector and to create a regional added value.
Digitale Medienbildung im schulischen Arabischunterricht
Authors:   , Rötscher Paula
Published: April 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ob und wie Medienbildung im Arabischunterricht umgesetzt wird und wie man sie weiterhin fördern kann. Zu Beginn wird zwischen Medienkunde und Medienkompetenz differenziert und die Relevanz beider für den schulischen Fremdsprachenunterricht anhand Vorgaben der Kultusministerkonferenz erörtert. Daraufhin werden Lehrpläne für den schulischen Arabischunterricht aus den USA, Kanada, Australien, Frankreich und Deutschland in Bezug auf die Integration von Medienbildung und die Ausbildung konkreter Medienkompetenzen analysiert. Anschließend werden Beispiele aus der Unterrichtspraxis, vorrangig aus dem amerikanischen universitären Bereich, vorgestellt und verschiedene Sprachlernplattformen hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für die Verwendung im Arabischunterricht miteinander verglichen. Zuletzt wird eine Unterrichtseinheit für den Arabischunterricht am Gymnasium dargestellt, die die Grundlagen der Medienbildung und Mediennutzung sowie die Zielsetzungen des schulischen Fremdsprachenunterrichts miteinander verbindet. Die vorliegende Arbeit schlussfolgert, dass Medienbildung im Arabischunterricht stärker gefördert werden muss und dass es dazu vor allem einer adäquaten Aus- und Weiterbildung für Lehrkräfte bedarf. Zudem wird festgestellt, dass im Unterricht die Mediennutzung priorisiert wird, ohne der kritischen Reflexion über diese Medien genug Beachtung zu schenken. The study at hand investigates to what extent digital media literacy plays a role in teaching Arabic and how it can be promoted further. It differentiates between the critical evaluation of digital media and their actual usage in the classroom and illustrates the importance of both aspects in language teaching. This is followed by an analysis of existing Arabic curricula from the USA, Canada, Australia, France and Germany with regard to the integration of digital media literacy principles. The study subsequently discusses examples of the application of digital media in Arabic teaching from various, mostly American universities and then continues with a comparison of existing digital learning tools for Arabic and their potential benefits for classroom teaching. Finally, a sample lesson plan is presented to illustrate how the critical evaluation of digital media and their utilization can be meaningfully connected to specific language goals. The study finds that digital media literacy must be developed further in the Arabic classroom and that in order to so, a more adequate training for teachers is needed. Moreover, it becomes clear that while digital media are frequently used in the classroom, their potential benefits and dangers are rarely considered or discussed.
Essays on Aggregate Fluctuations, Network Dynamics and Statistical Regularities in Economics
Authors:   , Hempfing Alexander
Published: April 2021

The individual behavior of economic entities, such as agents, firms or industries, and their interaction in markets may create complex economic dynamics and regularities in the aggregate. This doctoral thesis seeks to demonstrate how, and under which conditions, such dynamics may arise, leading to and explaining certain cyclicities in macroeconomic fluctuations, tie formation processes in economic networks and persistent distributional properties in foreign exchange and virtual currency markets.
Party soldiers: The selection of electoral leaders in parliamentary democracies
Authors:   , Martínez Cantó Javier
Published: April 2021

The selection of candidates for public office is one of the pivotal functions political parties perform in liberal democracies. Many works have studied the nomination of candidates for the legislative branch. Few studies have looked into the nomination of candidates for the executive branch in presidential democracies. However, very few works have looked at candidates' nomination for the executive branch in parliamentary democracies, who have been called electoral leaders or top candidates. This dissertation contributes to filling this gap by exploring three main research questions. First, what criteria do political parties use when nominating a top candidate? Second, to what extent do political parties nominate their top candidates on electoral considerations? Third, under which conditions is electoral competition more likely to shape party decision-making? I consider that political parties hold two criteria when nominating a top candidate. First, based on top candidates' electoral and campaigning function, parties seek to nominate electable top candidates likely to achieve more votes. Second, considering that top candidates may become prime ministers after the election and perform a series of post-electoral functions, parties will seek to nominate more reliable candidates who stay close to their party’s preferences. Building on the literature on party organization change, this dissertation proposes a new theoretical framework for understanding how different incentives can drive parties to nominate top candidates closer to one or the other criterion. In particular, this dissertation studies four factors: the party’s screening and recruitment capacity, internal demand, external demand, and the type of selectorate. To test the influence of these four factors, this dissertation presents a novel dataset of more than 2500 sub-national top candidates in Canada, Germany and Spain. There have been collecting information about the personal, partisan and political background of top candidates, which been complemented with information about the type of selectorate, the party’s internal structure, and the electorate's state. The main results are summarized as follows. First, parties are heavily dependent on their access to public institutions to recruit and train new members and produce top candidates with high degrees of reliability. Second, the results show that political parties are more reactive to changes in their internal coalitions' composition than to changes in the overall electorate. Finally, the results show that party primaries tend to differ from party conferences and party elites when the party has experienced some environmental change regarding the type of selectorate. This dissertation contributes to the understanding of the role of top candidates in parliamentary democracies and academic knowledge about party organizational change and adaptation.
GEOMORFOLOGIA DO SEMIÁRIDO: PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA DE REPRESENTAÇÃO CARTOGRÁFICA E INTERPRETAÇÃO DO RELEVO EM ESCALA DE DETALHE
Authors: Lima Kleber Carvalho , Lupinacci Cenira Maria
Published: April 2021

O desenvolvimento de uma cartografia do relevo em escala de detalhe no semiárido brasileiro apresenta diversos aspectos a serem considerados, de maneira a subsidiar consistentemente, pesquisas geomorfológicas em contextos locais. Nesse artigo, objetivou-se apresentar uma proposta metodológica de mapeamento geomorfológico de detalhe para setores cristalinos da Depressão Sertaneja semiárida, desenvolvida por meio de estudo de caso. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a preparação da base de dados, análise de manuais de mapeamento geomorfológico pré-existentes, trabalhos de campo, elaboração de chave de interpretação e a representação gráfica das formas de relevo.  Desse modo, foram representados atributos morfográficos e morfométricos do relevo, bem como a hidrografia, topografia, feições antrópicas, litologia, cronologia e elementos estruturais. O mapeamento geomorfológico elaborado contribuiu para o entendimento da organização espacial das formas de relevo nas áreas de estudo, além de contribuir com a interpretação dos fatos geomorfológicos. Assim, acredita-se que os procedimentos técnicos desenvolvidos podem ser aplicados em áreas com características semelhantes, ou ainda, serem adaptados a diferentes contextos no próprio semiárido.
MODELAGEM ESPACIAL DA NEOTECTÔNICA NA COSTA DO DESCOBRIMENTO, SUL DO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Rojas González Oriana Isabel , De Lima Carlos César Uchôa
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho objetiva realizar a modelagem da atuação da Neotectônica presente na Costa do Descobrimento, sul do Estado da Bahia, onde afloram sedimentos do Neógeno que constituem a Formação Barreiras. A área de estudos possui uma geomorfologia dominada por tabuleiros que, ao atingirem a costa, formam falésias com até 40 m de altura. Estudos de campo foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de observar, descrever, medir e interpretar as estruturas geológicas, principalmente juntas e falhas que indicassem a ação da Neotectônica. A partir de dados de elevação de MDT/SRTM processados através de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), utilizando software ArcMap, foi realizado um conjunto de mapas temáticos, destacando os índices estruturais (mapa de lineamentos, densidade de lineamentos e frequência de lineamentos), índices geomorfológicos (densidade de drenagem, frequência de fluxo e índice topográfico de umidade) e índices morfotectônicos (amplitude de relevo e gradiente de inclinação), para que, mediante a técnica de combinação linear ponderada (WLC), fossem determinadas áreas que guardassem registros da tectônica mais recente. Os dados de campo e a análise das imagens demonstram uma maior densidade de lineamentos na direção NW-SE e, secundariamente, na direção NE-SW, totalizando 908 e 722, respectivamente. O mapa originado destaca registros mais evidentes da Neotectônica nas bacias dos rios Camurugi, Trancoso e Caraíva, principalmente pelo basculamento de blocos estruturais e modificação nas direções de drenagem. A integração dos mapas destacando os índices estruturais, geomorfológicos e morfotectônicos mostra-se um método eficaz para a modelagem de eventos tectônicos e ratifica a ação da Neotectônica na Costa Descobrimento, abrindo possibilidades para que outros estudos possam se desenvolver ao longo da costa leste do Brasil.
Relación entre las estrategias de negocio y el rendimiento de las exportaciones de empresas peruanas fabricantes de máquinas para la industria panadera del 2014 al 2018
Authors:   , Salazar Vasquez Jeannette Cecilia , Zuzunaga Serna Andrea Gabriela
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación busca determinar si la estrategia de negocios se relaciona con el rendimiento de las exportaciones de las empresas peruanas fabricantes de máquinas para la industria panadera (2014 – 2018). El enfoque es de tipo cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental transversal y de tipo correlacional. Se utilizó el censo a las 11 empresas que cumplieron con los criterios de haber tenido actividad de exportación con valor mayor a US $10 000 FOB en el periodo 2014 - 2018, que actualmente existan y que no sean empresas unipersonales. El instrumento utilizado para medir las variables estrategias de negocios y rendimiento de las exportaciones fue el cuestionario desarrollado por Knight y Cavusgil (2004). Los resultados mostraron que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre las variables estrategia de negocios y rendimiento de las exportaciones.
Determinantes del saldo de la inversión extranjera directa en Perú (1998 – 2018): un enfoque VEC
Authors:   , Mata Frischknecht Alejandro Emanuel
Published: April 2021

A pesar de la popularidad del estudio de la inversión extranjera directa (IED), la mayoría de las investigaciones se centran en el estudio de los flujos de entrada y no en los saldos, el acervo de IED. Debido a los altos flujos de entrada y al bajo crecimiento de los saldos de IED en el Perú, se hallaron mediante un modelo de vector de corrección de error (VEC), los determinantes de los saldos de IED para el periodo 1998 – 2018. Los resultados mostraron evidencia de una relación de equilibrio de largo plazo entre las variables. Los resultados también mostraron una dependencia de los precios los commodities, una baja capitalización de flujos de IED y una nula influencia del desempeño macroeconómico, sugiriendo una revisión de las políticas para la atracción, capitalización y reinversión de utilidades de la inversión extranjera directa en el Perú.
Inter-Korean Relations: Political Role of Regional Powers
Authors: Fedorovsky A. , Shvydko V.
Published: April 2021

Missile launches and nuclear tests by DPRK in 2013 undermined inter-Korean cooperation and regional stability. The primary purpose of these activities was to strengthen legitimacy of Kim Jong Un’s administration. South Korean president Park Geun-Hye’s trustpolitik policy focused on improving mutual understanding and developing step-by-step inter-Korean cooperation. Regional powers jointly opposed North Korea’s missile and nuclear programs, but failed to elaborate common understanding on policies to promote security in the Korean peninsula as well as on prospects for the unification of Korea.
Expansion of Russian Banks outside Commonwealth of Independent States
Authors: Abalkina A. , Ivanova K.
Published: April 2021

The article investigates the patterns of Russian banks’ export of direct investments. The authors provide estimations of the Russian banks’ expansion outside the CIS countries based on statistical data and expert calculations. We also map the geographical presence of Russian banks and analyze their entry modes on foreign markets. Our findings suggest that Russian banks’ subsidiaries outside the CIS countries act as financial intermediates between Russian and foreign markets, their role as intermediates on local financial markets is still poor.
Sweden after Swedish Model
Authors: Grishin I.
Published: April 2021

Since the turn of the 1980–90s the Swedish society has undergone fundamental changes. It has altered the vector of the socioeconomic development. The social democrats have lost their position as the dominant party. They changed the course of the governmental policy from social-state to liberal one that was taken over and strengthened by the government of center-right parties after their victory in the 2006 and 2010 general elections. The social democrats have found themselves in the unprecedented since 1917 long opposition. All of this means that, despite keeping predominance of the institutional-redistributive principle of social policy, the former model of societal development has in essence consigned to history.
Skills Formation Across Countries
Authors: Monusova G.
Published: April 2021

Educational attainment and vocational training are important components of the human capital and they both show large cross-country variation. Large differences in vocational training between countries have two major interconnected explanations. The first one deals with structural differences in technological structure of labour demand, while the second one associates incidence of on-the-job training with institutional environment fertile for high tech developments.
Concerns Raised on Blood Group Determinants in Plasma Membrane Interaction of the SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Fiedler Klaus
Published: April 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in the generation of evolutionary-related variants. The S-protein of the B.1.1.7 variant (deletion N-terminal domain (NTD) His69Val70Tyr144) may contribute to altered infectivity. These mutations may have been presaged by animal mutations in minks housed in mink farms that according to the present analysis by modelling of protein ligand docking altered a high affinity binding site in the S-protein NTD. These mutants likely occurred only sporadically in humans. Tissue-adaptations and the size of the mink relative to the infected human population size back then may have comparatively increased the relative mutation rate. Simple, multi-threaded automated docking that is widely available, assigns increased binding of the blood type II A antigen to the SARS-Cov-2 S-protein NTD of B.1.1.7 with an overall increased docking interaction of blood group A harbouring glycolipids relative to group B or H (H, p=0.04). The top scoring glycan is identified as a DSGG (also classified as sialosyl-MSGG or disialosyl-Gb5) that may compete with heparin, which is similar to heparan sulfate linked to proteinaceous receptors on the tissue surface. Other glycolipids are found to interact with lower affinity, except long ligands that have suitable ligand binding poses to match the curved binding pocket.
Chitosan/Silver Nanoparticle/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites with Multi-drug Release, Antimicrobial, and Photothermal Conversion Functions
Authors: Su Zheng , Sun Daye , Zhang Li , He Miaomiao , Jiang Yulin , Millar Bronagh , Douglas Paula , Mariotti Davide , Maguire Paul , Sun Dan
Published: April 2021

In this work, we designed and fabricated a multifunctional nanocomposite system which consists of chitosan, raspberry-like silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide. Room temperature atmospheric pressure microplasma (RT-APM) process provides a rapid, facile, and environment-friendly method for introducing silver nanoparticles into the composite system. By loading different drugs onto the polymer matrix and/or graphene oxide, our composite can achieve a pH controlled dual drug release with release profile specific to the drugs used. In addition to its strong antibacterial ability against E. coli and S. aureus, our composite also demonstrates excellent photothermal conversion effect under irradiation of near infrared lasers. These unique functionalities point to it’s the potential of nanocomposite system in multiple applications areas such as multimodal therapeutics in healthcare, water treatment, and anti-microbial, etc.
Deciphering Black Hole Spin, Inclination angle & Charge From Kerr Shadow
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: April 2021

The apparent shape of the black hole shadow provides a full description of the spin, the inclination angle and the charge of a Kerr black hole, without any astrophysical process or underlying theory in the astrophysical process.
Influences of CO2 on the Microstructure in Sheared Olivine Aggregates
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Zhao Ningli , Qi Chao , Huang Xiaoge , Hirth Greg
Published: April 2021

Shear deformation of a solid-fluid, two-phase material induces a fluid segregation process that produces fluid-enriched bands and fluid-depleted regions, and crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) characterized by girdles of [100] and [001] axes sub-parallel to the shear plane and a cluster of [010] axes sub-normal to the shear plane, namely the AG-type fabric. Based on experiments of two-phase aggregates of olivine + basalt, a two-phase flow theory and a CPO-formation model were established to explain these microstructures. Here, we investigate the microstructure in a two-phase aggregate with supercritical CO2 as the fluid phase and examine the theory and model, as CO2 is different from basaltic melt in rheological properties. We conducted high‐temperature and high-pressure shear deformed experiments at 1 GPa and 1100ºC in a Griggs-type apparatus on samples made of olivine + dolomite, which decomposed into carbonate melt and CO2 at experimental conditions. After deformation, CO2 segregation and an AG-type fabric occurred in these CO2-bearing samples, inconsistency with basaltic melt-bearing samples. The SPO-induce CPO model was used to explain the formation of the fabric. Our results suggest that the influences of CO2 as a fluid phase on the microstructure of a two-phase olivine aggregate is similar to that of basaltic melt and can be explained by the CPO-formation model for the solid-fluid system.
"Green into Gold": The Sustainable Development of Commercial Banks from the Perspective of the Equator Principles
Authors: keyi duan keyi
Published: April 2021

The Equator Principle is the goal of promoting the harmonious development of my country's economy and society. It promotes the green transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure by strictly controlling the flow of commercial bank funds, so as to achieve the goal of environmental protection and the coordinated development of the national economy. This paper uses factor analysis to reduce the dimensions of 10 financial indicators and non-financial indicators that measure the operating performance and development potential of joint-stock commercial banks, and then compares the comprehensive operating performance, liquidity, and safety of Industrial Bank and comparable banks. And the level of profitability, analyze the difference in comprehensive operating performance of joint-stock commercial banks joining the Equator Principles compared with commercial banks that have not joined the Equator Principles. The results of the study found that joining the Equator Principles of joint-stock commercial banks can improve comprehensive operating performance in the short term. In the long run, the development trend of Industrial Bank will be similar to that of comparable banks in the same category. Joining the Equator Principles of Industrial Bank can improve its liquidity and profitability, but it will not in the long run. Conducive to the improvement of the asset quality of joint-stock commercial banks. In this regard, the government, enterprises and financial institutions should work together to help commercial banks achieve an effective balance between operating performance and social responsibility, so as to achieve the goals of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutral".
The Design of Tunable Photonic Crystal Biosensor With the Integration of and PN Phase Shifter Using PIC Design Approach
Authors: Haron Mohamad Hazwan , Berhanuddin Dilla Duryha , Shaari Sahbudin , Yeop Majlis Burhanuddin , Md Zain Ahmad Rifqi
Published: April 2021

Silicon based photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a research focus in producing high density photonics. One of the potential applications of silicon PIC is the sensing and measurement system. In this work, we use the one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PhC) cavity design which and utilize it at the PIC level design. The 1D PhC design used as the compact model has the same characteristics as experimentally demonstrated in previous works. The compact model is made from the S-parameter extraction of the 1D-PhC device which is done by using Lumerical FDTD software. The PIC design integrates the 1D-PhC device as a sensing component with a PN-phase shifter (PN-PS) to function as a refractive index (RI) sensor calibration or tuning circuit. A custom design of PN-PS device is used by simulating and extracting the bias voltage-effective index (bias-Neff) data by using Lumerical DEVICE and MODE into the circuit simulator. The circuit level simulation is done by using Lumerical Interconnect software. Finally, we show the GDSII layout design of the 1D-PhC based photonic sensor calibration circuit with an analysis of generic silicon PIC design rules. The designed PIC is applicable for the bio-sensing applications and photonic SOC component. This work also shows the promise of PIC design approach for further PIC development
Evaluation of Sex Differences in Murine Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Neutropenic Models of Invasive Mucormycosis
Authors: Gebremariam Teclegiorgis , Alkhazraji Sondus , Alqarihi Abdullah , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Najvar Laura K. , Patterson Thomas F. , Filler Scott G. , Ibrahim Ashraf S. S.
Published: April 2021

There is increased concern that the quality, generalizability, and reproducibility of biomedical research can be influenced by the sex of animals used. We studied the differences between male and female mice in response to invasive pulmonary mucormycosis including susceptibility to infection, host immune reaction, and responses to antifungal therapy. We used diabetic ketoacidotic (DKA) or neutropenic mice infected with either Rhizopus delemar or Mucor circinelloides. The only difference detected was that when DKA mice were infected with M. circinelloides, female mice were more resistant to infection than male mice (median survival time of 5 vs. 2 days for female and male mice, respectively). However, a 100% lethality was detected among infected animals of both sexes. Treatment with either liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) or posaconazole (POSA) protected mice from infection and eliminated the difference seen between infected but untreated female and male mice. Treatment with L-AMB consistently outperformed POSA in prolonging survival and reducing tissue fungal burden of DKA and neutropenic mice infected with R. delemar or M. circinelloides, in both mouse sexes. Although little difference was detected in cytokine levels among both sexes, mucormycosis infection in the DKA mouse model induced more inflammatory cytokines/chemokines involved in neutrophil (CXCL1) and macrophage (CXCL2) recruitment vs. uninfected mice. As expected, this inflammatory response was reduced in the neutropenic mouse model. Our studies show that there are few differences between female and male DKA or neutropenic mice infected with mucormycosis with no effect on the outcome of treatment or host immune response.
Digital Potentiometers and Digital-to-Analog Converters in Tasks for Tuning Of Active RC-Filters
Authors: Butyrlagin Nikolay , Titov Alexey , Kleimenkin Dmitriy , Pakhomov Ilja
Published: April 2021

The most popular schemes of digital potentiometers (DP) and digital-to-analog converters (DAC) are considered. DP and DAC use how elements of parameter adjustment of active RC-filters. The circuits of the DAC on the Kelvin-Varley divider, the Kelvin divider based on the R-2R matrix, and the architecture of the DAC with a segmented circuit are shown. The internal structure of DP an Analog Devices and Intersil company is shown, and also the DP switching circuits in a tunable low-pass filter and a band-pass filter, a programmable inverting amplifier and a voltage regulator are presented.
PET and SPECT Imaging of Tumor Micro-Environment: A Systematic Review of the Last 20 Years
Authors: Stati Valeria , Lauri Chiara , Varani Michela , Conserva Martina , Signore Alberto
Published: April 2021

Background: Molecular nuclear medicine, due to hybrid imaging camera systems and new tailored radiopharmaceuticals, has been gained a clinical relevance for diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of solid tumors. Despite numerous literature studies, many new radiopharmaceuticals for imaging tumor microenvironment, have not yet been used, routinely, in oncological clinical practice to monitor treatments. This is due to poor comparability of published studies, due to poor design and methodology, heterogeneous population and prevalence of preclinical studies. Methods: In this systematic review, we described the use of radiopharmaceuticals for evaluation of tumor treatment response by targeting microenvironment. We reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2020, to provide an updated status of research in this topic. Results: There is a growing role of radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine imaging techniques in the management of cancer treatments, especially immunotherapy. Of the 24 papers included, 16 were preclinical studies. Conclusions: New radiopharmaceuticals could have an excellent impact in molecular imaging, leading to better diagnosis and important clinical information for therapy decision making and follow-up of cancer treatments in different solid tumors. Recently developed radiopharmaceuticals may provide great advantage to improve personalized medicine for patients with a great cost-effectiveness ratio.
Estimation of Solid Medical Waste Production and Environmental Impact Analysis in the Context of COVID-19: A Case Study of Hubei Province in China
Authors: Song Yifan , Ye Jinquan , Liu Yurong , Zhong Yun
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 greatly challenges human beings in the health sector and leaves behind a large amount of medical waste that poses many potential threats to the environment. In this paper, we compiled relevant data released by official agencies and the media, and conducted data supplementation based on previous studies to calculate the net value of medical waste production in Hubei Province during COVID-19 with the help of a neural network model. Then, we reviewed the data related to the environmental impact of medical waste per unit and designed four scenarios to estimate the environmental impact of new medical waste generated during the epidemic. The results showed that at a medical waste generation rate of\ 0.\ 5\ kg/(\ bed\ \cdot\ d) COVID-19 resulted in a net increase in medical waste volume of about 3366.99 tons in Hubei Province. In the four scenario assumptions, if the medical waste brought by COVID-19 is completely incinerated, it will have a large impact on the air quality. If it is disposed by distillation sterilization, it will produce a large amount of wastewater and waste residue. Based on the results of the study, three policy recommendations are proposed in this paper: strict control of medical wastewater discharge, reduction and transformation of the emitted acidic gases, and attention to the emission of metallic nickel in exhaust gas and chloride in soil. These policy recommendations provide a scientific basis for controlling medical waste pollution.
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION AGAINST THE INDONESIAN MIGRANT FISHERIES CREW IN CHINESE-FLAGGED LONG XING VESSEL
Authors: Shalihah Fithriatus , Nur Muhammad
Published: April 2021

This paper aimed to analyze human rights violations against migrant fishing boat crews with a case study on the Chinese-flagged Long Xing fishing boat. The research method used is empirical legal research using primary data and secondary data. The results showed that there had been human rights violations experienced by migrant fishing boat crews aboard the Chinese-flagged Long Xing fishing boat. These human rights violations have occurred since the pre-employment phase. The act of dumping the bodies of the crew members of Indonesian ships into the sea in the case of the Long Xing Ship violated the provisions of the ILO Seafarers Regulation Article 30 concerning protocol if the crew of the ship died, also violated Indonesia's national regulations, namely the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 84 of 2013 Article 18 concerning the protocol for repatriating the bodies of crew members. Therefore, Indonesia's Government needs serious improvements to protect Indonesian fishing boat crews by implementing legal protection regarding their rights both before, during, and after Indonesian migrant fishery crew members work abroad
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMPLICATION FOR IMPLEMENTING COPYRIGHT LAW AND BOOK LAW IN THE LIBRARY COLLECTION SERVICE
Authors: Ristiyono Mohamad Pandu , Nurhayati Ratna
Published: April 2021

This article examines the implication of Copyright Law and Book Law implementation
of the service in the library. The research method used is normative juridical legal. The
correlation between the Book Law, Law on Handover of Print and Recorded Works
and the Library Law, both are lex specialist derogate generalist of the Copyright
Law or not, according to the author is the adoption or depiction of the fair use and
fair dealing doctrine as which is the social function of copyright. The Copyright
Law provides protection for Author and Copyright Holder with exclusive rights to
be exploited. Related to the Law on Handover of Print and Record Works which
gives the obligation of the Author or Copyright Holder to deposit their work for the
purpose of preservation and other social purposes to the library which is regulated
in the Library Law
STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND DYNAMICS OF THE AGRARIAN POLICY IN TRANSFORMING THE INDONESIA’S AGRARIAN REFORM
Authors: Rejekiningsih Triana , Muryani Chatarina , Lukitasari Diana
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to find out: (1) the agrarian history as a milestone of
the agrarian policy in Indonesia; (2) the dynamics of agrarian policy as a driving
factor for the agrarian reform; (3) agrarian policy as a means of transforming the
agrarian reform in Indonesia. This study is a normative juridical legal research
with a historical approach, in addition to use conjunctural approach to examine the
complex, historically specific, of various agrarian policies. The study concludes that:
(1) Agrarian history is an important part of the agrarian policy realization, beginning
from Dutch colonialism along with the dominated agrarian resources and the raise
of peasant resistance against imperialism, this condition gave rise to the spirit of
national movements and the birth of Law Number 5 of 1960 on The Agrarian Basic
Law (hereinafter abbreviated to UUPA) as the basis for agrarian policy in Indonesia;
(2) Not all the agrarian policies are oriented towards the objectives of the UUPA, often
time they cause problems in their application, among others its irrelevant to principles
of justice and people's welfare, land tenure disintegration, lack of certainty over the
land rights, stand for the capital owners, opening up of foreign investors controlling
agrarian sources, the designation of forest areas on people’s lands, nationalization of
the plantations, repressive resolution of agrarian conflicts, and land certification which
legalizes inequality land tenure structures; (3) agrarian policy is an important part
of the process of realizing the agrarian reform, especially in the context of agrarian
transformation towards the formation of a 'agrarian' society structure integrated into
economic pillars to improve people’s welfare.
ENVIRONMENTAL-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT: POTENTIAL PROTECTION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW?
Authors: Handayani Irawati , Fauziah Anisa
Published: April 2021

Climate change, environmental degradation, and natural disasters are some of the push factors of cross-border displacement. The consequence of this movement is the loss of legal protection from the country of origin of the displaced persons. They are not categorized as refugees as such and no international law specifically regulates the protection of climate displaced persons. This paper will try to analyze the legal protection of climate refugees based on international law. The paper elaborates the context of migration caused by climate change and its relevance with the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugee, possibility of interpretation of the convention to cover environmental induced displacement and protection under international human rights instruments. The research concludes that it is quite difficult to include climate change-induced displacement under the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugee even through interpretation. However, it does not mean that the people cannot be protected. International law, especially International Human Rights Law extends protection to peoples belongs to that group.
THE ADEQUACY OF THE EVIDENCE IN THE CASE OF EVIL CONSPIRACY OF NARCOTICS CRIMINAL REVIEWED BY EVIDENTIARY THEORY
Authors: Sihotang Veronika , Wulandari Widati , Chandra Erika Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Narcotics crime has been considered as a global crime and big issues in attempt to prevent and also by eradicate it. It's not only happens in Indonesia but also for other countries. Narcotics crime in most cases involves more than one person, who cooperates in narcotics crime. One of the criminal act involve more than one person is a conspiracy of narcotics crime. The involvement in the conspiracy is shown by two or more people agree to do narcotics crime. Admissible evidence in conspiracy of narcotics crime becomes the important issue in some of conspiracy's cases. This study used the method of judicial normative approach to review and examine the primary data such as judge's Decision and the secondary data such as related law. The purpose of this study is to know and understand whether the absence of evidence to support the defendant's denial can be the basis to proof personal's guilt and to understand how the quality of the witness testimony can be the basis of criminal conviction.
Vulnerability to Mega Underground Inundation and Evacuation Assuming Devastating Urban Flood
Authors: Nakasaka Yutaro ,   Department of Civil, Environmental and Applied Systems Engineering, Kansai University  3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan, Ishigaki Taisuke
Published: April 2021

In urban areas of Japan, there are numerous underground spaces, such as subways and shopping malls. These areas hold the possibility of being inundated not only above the ground but also underground when intense rainfall causes pluvial flooding. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures to anticipate urban floods. In this study, an analysis of inundation on the ground surface and underground spaces was performed, and the risk of underground inundation was evaluated using the index of safe evacuation. In addition, as one of the countermeasures against underground inundation, the effect of flood boards on inundation prevention was examined. Furthermore, the factors for improving the success rate of evacuation are discussed by simulating the evacuation of users from an underground mall during inundation. From the results, the water inflow to underground spaces was larger as rainfall was greater, and the reduction effect of flood boards on underground inundation was only temporary if the inflow to the underground mall was large. In addition, the success rate of evacuation depended on the timing of evacuation because the flooded water spread broadly and rapidly across the underground mall. These results show that users in an underground mall should move with a quick response to flash flood from high intensity rainfall and would be useful in creating a safe and prompt evacuation plan.
Validation of Inundation Damage Reduction by a Pump Gate with the New Type of Horizontal Axial Submersible Pump
Authors: Fukumori Kentaro , Kurita Yu , Furumai Hiroaki ,   Business Planning Section, Business Promotion Department, Pump & Jet Division, Ishigaki Company, Ltd. 1-6-5 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan,   Overseas Sales Section, Business Promotion Department, Pump & Jet Division, Ishigaki Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan,   Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: April 2021

Compared to pumping stations, pump gates have small sites and are constructed for a low cost over a short period of time. A new type of horizontal axial submersible pump that is optimal for pump gates has recently been developed. Since the new type of pump can be operated at full speed regardless of water level, it is possible to conduct standby operations in preparation for stormwater runoff inflows. In a simulation comparing the conventional pumps and the new type of pump, there was no serious inundation condition in the new pump up to 70 mm/h, which is 140% of the design’s rainfall intensity. As a result, it was clarified that standby operations can keep the peak water level low and maximize the water storage capacity of the drainage channel.
Examination of Flood Countermeasures Utilizing a Yokohama City Main Rainwater Pipeline and Public–Private Anti-Flood Measures
Authors: Hayakawa Masato ,   Sewage Works Management Division, Environmental Planning Bureau, City of Yokohama 6-50-10 Hon-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0005, Japan, Nakajima Tomohiko , Hakoda Ryo
Published: April 2021

Continuing urbanization has reduced permeable land areas, causing rainwater runoff volumes to rise, which not only increases the drainage burden placed on rivers and sewerage system, but also increases flood damage risk with the increases in torrential rains brought about by climate change. As physical flood control infrastructure has high costs and requires long planning and construction times, more effective utilization of existing infrastructure is required in addition to new construction. Moreover, as urbanization continues, the use of privately owned land for flood control as well as the limited publicly owned land available is increasingly important. This article reports the results and efficacy of a project to create a rainwater management network by connecting multiple pumping stations with the city’s main rainwater pipeline in coordination with river development in a major river drainage basin region, while rebuilding aging pumping stations for continued use, as well as the effectiveness of rainwater storage facilities in underground locations beneath privately owned buildings.
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL APPROACH FOR A BETTER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF SHARIA BANKING
Authors: Purnomo Hadi
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Implementation of corporate governance of sharia banking in Indonesia has not been effective. Sharia banking in Indonesia do not yet have a standard of sharia governance framework as a guideline for the implementation of corporate governance. This study was conducted to analyze the implementation of corporate governance and intellectual capital condition of sharia banks, and to develop a more effective model of corporate governance by using the approach of intellectual capital. The data came from the annual financial statements of 12 Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS), and information based on answers to questionnaires by sharia banking practitioners. The results of this study indicate that the condition of intellectual capital contributes to the performance of BUS, while the implementation of corporate governance does not contribute significantly. However, corporate governance and intellectual capital contribute simultaneously to the performance of BUS. The implication based on finding indicated that intellectual capital can be developed as a basic for implementation of corporate governance in sharia banking. This is a new approach because the concept of corporate governance is generally more focused on rules and policies, it is rare to consider a holistic approach and align with the conditions of the company's intellectual capital.
Keywords: corporate governance; intellectual capital; sharia commercial bank (BUS); sharia governance framework
Investigation of Bi2S3 nanorods photocatalytic activity under visible light for the degradation of dye from aquatic system
Authors: Keerthana Subramaniyan , Yuvakkumar Rathinam , Kumar Ponnusamy Senthil , Ravi Ganesan , Velauthapillai Dhayalan , Vo Dai-Viet Nguyen
Published: April 2021

Bi2S3, 5 ml EG-Bi2S3, 10 ml EG-Bi2S3 was synthesized by employing solvothermal route. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence, Raman, scanning electron microscopic studies confirmed the structural, optical, morphological behaviors. The XRD pattern of Bi2S3, 5 ml EG-Bi2S3, 10 ml EG-Bi2S3 correlated well with JCPDS # 65-2435. The crystallite size was found to be 57, 49 and 40 nm. The photoluminescence spectra showed the semiconducting property of the prepared Bi2S3, 5 ml EG-Bi2S3, 10 ml EG-Bi2S3. The absorption spectra of the Bi2S3, 5 ml EG-Bi2S3, 10 ml EG-Bi2S3 nanorods were well matched with the spectra of the previous report. The band gap of the Bi2S3, 5 ml EG-Bi2S3, 10 ml EG-Bi2S3 was calculated to be 1.56, 1.45 and 1.3 eV in reducing order. The morphology of the Bi2S3, 5 ml EG-Bi2S3, 10 ml EG-Bi2S3 samples showed the development of nanorods. 10 ml EG-Bi2S3 sample showed better development of nanorods with the addition of ethylene glycol. The agglomeration was considerably reduced with the mixing of solvent. 10 ml EG- Bi2S3 sample investigated showed 86% of efficiency towards dye degradation. The narrow band gap, defined morphology of 10 ml EG- Bi2S3 made a positive result towards efficient photocatalytic activity.