bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profil kadar Bilirubin pada bayi baru lahir sehat dengan Ikterus di Rumah Sakit DR. Sardjito Yogyakarta
Authors: Juliwati Juliwati , Muchayat Siti
Published: December 2023

Jaundice is yellow color in the baby¢s skin caused by an excess amount of bilirubin. This condition can be physiologic or pathologic. Jaundice may appear in increased bilirubin levels and it is a serious condition. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of bilirubin levels in healthy newborn babies with jaundice, to detect hyperbilirubinemia in healthy newborn babies. An observasional retrospective study was used in this study. Data ware collected from the subsection of Clinical Chemistry, the Clinical Pathology Department and Medical Record of DR Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, from January 1999 to May 2003. The inclusion criterian were as follows: healthy newborn babies and had jaundice clinically. The exclusion criterian were babies with sepsis, ABO incompatibility and without examination of serum bilirubin level. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson and Spearman correlation. The results showed that a total of 32 babies were observed and jaundice appeared on third day of birth in 17 babies (53.10%) and significant hyperbilirubinemia was observed on the third day in 14 babies (43.80%) correlation was observed between hemoglobin and total serum bilirubin (r=0.280; p=0.121) non between haematocrit and total serum bilirubin (r=0.277; p=0.125). Weak correlation was observed between jaundice reference of Kramer and serum of unconjugated bilirubin (r=0.439; p=0.012). It was concluded that the most common hyperbilirubinemia in healthy newborn appeared on third day of birth and had no correlation with haemoglobin levels, haematocrit and had weak correlation with jaundice reference of Kramer
Hubungan antara banyaknya kuman (CFU/ML) dari bakteriuria dengan leukosit dari leukosituria pada pasien pasca sectio caesarea setelah kateterisasi di Bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Ulin Banjarmasin
Authors: Yulia Budiarti Lia , Muthmainnah Noor , Islamiyah Islamiyah
Published: December 2023

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a pathologic phenomenon indicated by the presence of bacteria with a high number of CFU/ml. One of the causative measures is the constant catheterization of hospitalized patient. UTI happens easily to pregnant women whose urine will promote the growth of bacteria. The laboratory examination of UTI is carried out to observe the occurcace of bacteria and leucocytes. This study was carried out to see increases in number of bacteria in bacteriuria and number of leucocytes in leucocyturia in caesarean section patients following catheterization. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the number of bacteria in bacteriuria and number of lecocytes in leucocyturia from urine obtained after catheterization post caesarean section patients in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin during the periods of June 1st – July 31st, 2004. A descriptive method was used and regression as well as non parametric testing procedure of linear correlation were employed. The results showed a strong degree of correlation between the number of bacteria in bacteriuria and the number of leucocyte in leucocyturia after 1x24 hours (r = 0, 51089) and after 2x24 hours (r = 0, 74647). The regression analysis strongly revealed the increase number of leucocytes in leucocyturia along with the increase number of bacteria in bacteriuria.
Efek kurkumin sintesis dan Pentagamavunon-0 terhadap Produksi Progesteron Kultur Sel Luteal dengan Pemberian Forskolin
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang , Meiyanto Edy , Dasuki Djaswadi , Kadarsih Soejono Sri
Published: December 2023

Curcumin is one of the common traditional medicines that is often used for fertility regulation. Curcumin analogue, pentagamavunon-0/PGV-0, exerted similar effect with curcumin. Synthetic curcumin and PGV-0 possesses molecular structures similar to prostaglandin. It has been reported that luteal cells are able to produce progesterone in vitro by addition of several hormones such as LH and prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?). Stimulation of luteal cell cultures with LH and/or PGF2? in the presence of synthetic curcumin and PGV-0 will interfere with the progesterone production. Nevertheless, the precise site of action of curcumin remains unknown. The present study aims to determine the effect of synthetic curcumin and PGV-0 on the progesterone production by luteal cell cultures in the presence or absence of several known stimulators or inhibitors sucs as LH, PGF2? and forskolin, respectively. The results indicated that synthetic curcumin reduced the progesterone concentration significantly (p<0,05) in the luteal cell culture treated with solvent, LH and/or PGF2?, in the presence or absence of forskolin. In the groups treated with PGV-0, and induced with LH and/or PGF2?, the concentration of progesterone did not change significantly (p>0,05). Addition of forskolin on the control group resulted in higher progesterone concentration as that of LH. The findings indicated that synthetic curcumin inhibits progesterone production by the luteal cell cultures through the cAMP/PKA/MAP-Kinase signaling cascade, but PGV-0 might have the site of action in the PLC/PKC/MAP-Kinase signaling cascade.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN PROFIL LIPID PADA KARYAWAN OBESITAS DI RUMAH SAKIT SUMBER WARAS
Authors: Rantih Dinda kemala , Purnamasari Endah
Published: December 2023

Latar Belakang: Obesitas merupakan kelainan metabolisme yang dipengaruhi oleh gaya hidup masyarakat yang sering mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi kolesterol. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan pengukuran antropometri yang menjadi parameter penting dalam menentukan kriteria proporsi tubuh seseorang dengan menghitung perbandingan tinggi badan dan berat badan seseorang. Pada obesitas, IMT seseorang cenderung lebih meningkat dibandingkan non obesitas. Obesitas sering dikaitkan dengan kadar profil lipid seseorang. Profil lipid adalah gambaran kadar lipid dalam darah. Terdiri dari kolesterol total, Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High-density lipoprotein (HDL) dan Trigliserida (TG).Metode: Penelitian ini berdasarkan cara pengumpulan data dan merupakan penelitian observasional dilakukan secara cross sectional dengan mengolah data primer. Populasi dan sampel adalah karyawan rumah sakit sumber waras yang memiliki indeks massa tubuh >25. Besar sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan karyawan secara langsung serta dilakukan pemeriksaan lab untuk melihat kadar profil lipid pada penderita obesitas. Analisis data dengan pada pasien obesitas menggunakan SPSS dengan metode korelasi Pearson untuk melihat hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Profil Lipid.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, Kadar profil lipid penderita obesitas didapatkan bahwa kolesterol total didominasi oleh pasien yang memiliki kolesterol optimal (70%), kemudian untuk kolesterol LDL didominasi oleh pasien yang memiliki kolesterol LDL optimal (40%), kolesterol HDL didominasi oleh pasien yang memiliki kolesterol HDL diinginkan (60%) dan untuk trigliserida didominasi oleh pasien yang memiliki trigliserida optimal (87%). Pada analisa data menggunakan korelasi Pearson didapatkan p-value dari indeks massa tubuh dengan kolesterol total sebesar 0.424 dengan r-value 0,151, nilai p-value LDL sebesar 0.136 dengan r-value 0,279, nilai p-value HDL sebesar 0.955 dengan r-value 0,011 dan nilai p-value trigliserida sebesar 0.890 dengan r-value 0,026.Simpulan: Pada penderita obesitas didapatkan tidak adanya korelasi atau hubungan yang bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kolesterol tubuh,  LDL, HDl dan trigliserida.
The Plate Matters: Exploring the Intersection of Food Insecurity in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Pérez Andrés Noyola , Wood Emily H. , Patel Manali I.
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the overlooked influence of food insecurity on cancer care, its correlation with malnutrition and poor patient outcomes, and potential strategies for intervention. Food insecurity, the inconsistent access to nutritionally adequate food, significantly impacts up to 55% of patients with cancer, particularly among minority populations, and those of lower socioeconomic status. This multidimensional issue contributes to malnutrition, impairs treatment adherence, and increases mortality rates among patients with cancer. It also exacerbates health disparities, and is intricately tied to systemic factors, such as poverty, discrimination, unemployment, and chronic health conditions. The authors’ review elucidates the negative impact of food insecurity on cancer treatment outcomes, and highlights the need for holistic interventions, including on-site, community, and federal initiatives. Addressing food insecurity within cancer care requires comprehensive, multilevel collaborations to improve nutritional status and health outcomes for patients with cancer. Despite growing awareness of food insecurity among patients with cancer, significant gaps remain in intervention development, access, and effectiveness. Existing clinical trials are limited, underscoring a lack of understanding of food insecurity’s impact on cancer care. Within cancer care, we need improved food insecurity screening, more collaborations across sectors, and rigorous research to evaluate intervention impacts. These steps, while potentially lacking immediate impact, are essential for sustainable health improvement and long-term food insecurity reduction. The intricate link between food insecurity and adverse cancer outcomes calls for comprehensive strategies, going beyond food provision, to address systemic issues of racism and poverty.
Effect of High Temperature Oxidation on Surface Pit and Recrystallization of Directionally Solidified CM247LC Superalloy in Creep Gauge
Authors: Choe Byung Hak , Choi Kwang Soo , Han Sung Hee , Kim Dae Hyun , Ahn Jong Kee , Kang Dong Su , Seo Seong-Moon
Published: December 2023

This study analyzed a recrystallization phenomenon that occurred simultaneously with hightemperature oxidation on the surface of a directionally solidified CM247LC creep specimen, using optical and scanning electron microscopy. After heat treatment, the surface of the specimen subjected to the creep test at 982oC was oxidized by exposure to high temperature and underwent microstructural changes due to high temperature stress. The outermost layer of the oxidized surface pits was found to consist of an oxide of the Cr/Co component, and the lower layer contained an oxide of the Al component. The area adjacent to the surface oxide layer is a precipitated free zone (PFZ) depleted of the y’ precipitated phase. The PFZ is caused by the diffusion of the Al component from this area to the surface oxide layer, resulting in the depletion of y'-Ni3Al as the main Al component. The area adjacent to the PFZ is a y' coarsening layer, which is the result of increasing y' phase fraction and coarsening as the Cr/Co component of this region diffuses into the PFZ of the y phase composition. This y' coarsening and y' rafting occurs in the direction perpendicular to the creep stress. In the EBSD analysis, the PFZ and y' coarsened layer were observed to be recrystallized regions, with the recrystallization composed of a single grain including the PFZ and y' coarsened layer. It is presumed that this recrystallization is caused by the residual stress of one-way solidification or the residual stress of the specimen surface processing. Accordingly, high-temperature oxidation in DS CM247LC creep gauge caused surface pits associated with recrystallization.
KAFKA’NIN ŞATO ROMANINDA ÖRGÜTSEL BİR YÖNETİM BİÇİMİ OLARAK WEBERCİ BÜROKRASİ VE TAHAKKÜM
Authors: DAĞISTAN Umut
Published: December 2023

Kafka günümüze kadar kültür hayatında sadece edebiyat dünyasında değil, sosyolojiden psikolojiye, siyasetten ekonomiye, hatta teolojiye kadar çok farklı alanlarda birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Bu çoklu okuma pratikleri kuşkusuz Kafka’nın metinlerinin çok anlamlı ve çağrışımsal doğasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Kafka’nın eserleri bu özellikleri nedeniyle okuyucuyu yoruma davet edip, tabiri caizse, sembolik doğasının zorunlu bir özelliği olarak hermenötik okumaya kapı aralamaktadır. Bu nedenle eleştirmenler, bu metinlerin sembollerini kimi zaman sosyolojik, kimi zaman psikolojik, mitsel veya felsefi çerçevede deşifre etmek ve bir tür açıklayıcı anahtar bulmak istemişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın temel motivasyonu kurgu eserlerin yönetim disiplininde farklı bir perspektif açma potansiyeli olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Kurgu eserler yönetim alanında farklı çalışmalara konu olmuş alana yeni ilhamlar ve farklı bakış açıları sağlamıştır. Buradan hareketle çalışmanın temel amacı, Kafka’nın tamamlanmamış son romanı olan Şato adlı eserini Weberci bürokrasi ve tahakküm ilişkileri açısından incelemektir. Şato, benliğin mücadelesinin ve bireyin bürokrasi karşısındaki acizliğinin hikâyesidir. Metin içrek bir okumaya tabi tutulmayacak, birey toplum ilişkisi çerçevesinde bürokratik tahakküm olgusu incelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Bunun için öncelikle Franz Kafka’ya ve Şato romanının önemine değinilecek, ardından bürokrasi kavramı tarihsel bir perspektifle ele alınacaktır. Daha sonra Weberci anlamda bürokrasi yaklaşımı anlatılacak, hemen ardından Kafka’nın Şato adlı romanından seçilen pasajlarla Weberci bürokratik anlayış ve bunun yarattığı tahakküm ilişkisinin romanda nasıl ortaya konduğu gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.
The reception of the traditional tale in the Primary classes and in the Training Centers of Teachers. Active readings to return to the tale
Authors: Regueiro Salgado Begoña
Published: December 2023

This article has as its main objective to analyze the reception of the traditional story tale in the readers and readers of the 21st Century to detect the elements that produce in them the greatest challenge in order to propose a way to return them to the story based on dialogic reading, rewriting and the textual recycling. For that, after a bibliographical review on the reception of the account at the end of the 20th Century and the first quarter of the 21st Century, activities have been designed to carry out, on the one hand, in classes at the Faculty of Education and, on the other hand, in primary third level classes. Thus, by means of a qualitative methodology and research-action, it has been possible to gather information on the reception of the traditional tale in university and medium-level students. The conclusion to which we have come is that what the greatest challenge generates in relation to the traditional account are cultural markers left by the collectors, but that current readers and female readers, by means of an active and creative reading, are perfectly capable of detecting and modify these markers respecting the structure and conventions of the traditional tale.
The Impact of Language Socialization on the Linguacultural and Motivational Profiles of Multilingual Learners
Authors: Fekete Adrienn
Published: December 2023

The study discusses how different language socialization (Ochs & Schieffelin, 2017) experiences and processes result in learners’ different linguistic and cultural backgrounds affecting their attitudes toward language learning, their self-perception as language learners, and ultimately their motivation to learn languages. Data were collected via linguistic autobiographies written by 14 students who came from five different countries in a multicultural classroom at a Hungarian university. The content analysis of the rich textual data pointed out a sharp contrast between the socialization of Hungarian and international students resulting in two distinct linguacultural and language learning motivational profiles. Exposure to multiple linguacultures (Risager, 2005) during socialization in the contexts of home, ethnic/multicultural communities, or sojourn generates positive attitudes toward language learning and favorable self-images as language learners. This makes learners more likely to take up additional languages in their spare time in addition to languages learned at school and enables them to move smoothly between different cultures and use their languages in authentic cultural contexts with ease. The results corroborated the inherent connection between choice, autonomy, motivation, and identity in second language acquisition (SLA). Learner testimonies pinpointed the changed status of English and German in Europe and in the world resulting in increased motivation to learn English for various reasons at the expense of German learning. In short, the findings revealed that the linguacultural vitality of a language as an environmental factor and learners’ choice to learn a language along with their desire to fulfil themselves via the chosen language as learner-internal factors greatly impact the success of SLA.
Design of Crossflow Turbine for Picohydro Power Plant in Singosari, Malang
Authors: Muhammad Fahmi Hakim  , Mohammad Shobir Farid  , Mohammad Noor Hidayat  , Awan Setiawan  , Rohmanita Duanaputri
Published: December 2023

In the area around PPYD Al Ikhlas Singosari, Malang, there is a river with a fast enough flow that can be used as a hydroelectric power plant as estimated. After investigation, it was found that the potential electrical power that could be generated was 1,118.56 Watts so it was classified as a pico hydro power plant. Therefore, in this research, one of the main parts of the pico hydro power plant, namely the turbine, was designed. The type of turbine designed is a crossflow turbine with an outer diameter of 75 cm and an inner diameter of 3 cm, the width of the runner blades is 40 cm, the distance between the blades is 36 cm, the radius of curvature of the blades 33 cm, the number of 10 blades can produce 843.74 watts of power with a turbine efficiency of 75.43%. So, it can be concluded that the crossflow turbine has good efficiency.
Penerapan Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor untuk Diagnosa Penyakit Kulit pada Kucing
Authors: Salsabila Fannisa Tiara , Nurfitri Khoiru , Litanianda Yovi
Published: December 2023

Kucing adalah hewan populer yang sering dijumpai dan dipelihara oleh manusia. Meskipun demikian, kucing adalah hewan yang mudah terkena serangan bakteri, virus, maupun parasit yang menjadi sumber penyakit. Salah satunya adalah penyakit kulit. Berbagai macam penyakit kulit yang menyerang kucing terdapat kemiripan gejala yang sulit diidentifikasi misalnya kerontokan bulu dan menggaruk badan. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan orang awam, khususnya pemilik kucing kesulitan dalam menentukan penyakit yang diderita hewan peliharaannya. Kekeliruan dalam penanganan atau pengobatan penyakit dapat memperparah kondisi kucing. Apabila penyakit kulit sudah menyerang 40% bagian tubuh, maka kucing dapat mengalami infeksi sekunder. Sistem pakar dapat diterapkan pada kasus ini sebagai alat bantu untuk diagnosa penyakit kulit kucing berdasarkan masukan berupa gejala-gejala oleh pemilik kucing. Metode yang digunakan adalah Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor. Sistem yang dibangun berbasis website menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan memanfaatkan database MySQL. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 gejala dan 5 penyakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan data berjumlah 130 data latih dan 15 data uji menghasilkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 93% dan presisi yang baik karena menghasilkan diagnosa yang konsisten pada percobaan berulang.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Akses Informasi E-Health Menggunakan Metode E-GovQual
Authors: Jatmiko Andriyan , Legong Gissela Maristella
Published: December 2023

Pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat khususnya untuk masyarakat menengah ke bawah di Kota Surabaya, masih menghadapi tantangan yang belum teratasi sepenuhnya. Kendala tersebut meliputi akses informasi pelayanan kesehatan pada pengoperasian e-health oleh masyarakat. Program E-Health dihadirkan sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan pada pelayanan kesehatan. Namun, evaluasi efektivitas program ini diperlukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana harapan masyarakat telah terpenuhi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode E-GovQual untuk menganalisis efektivitas penerapan E-Government melalui beberapa dimensi, yaitu efficiency, trust, reliability, dan citizen support. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengguna terhadap situs e-health yang disediakan oleh pemerintah Surabaya dan meningkatkan partisipasi publik untuk ikut berperan dalam evaluasi program e-health berdasarkan pengukuruan yang disediakan dengan metode e-govqual. Penilaian dilakukan terhadap pelayanan E-Health yang disediakan oleh Pemerintah Kota Surabaya dengan menyebarkan kuisioner kepada responden yang sesuai dengan kriteria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan E-Health di Kota Surabaya dinilai efektif berdasarkan penggunaan metode E-GovQual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum program E-Health yang disediakan oleh pemerintah kota Surabaya telah memberikan dampak positif dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat di daerah terpencil yang ada di Kota Surabaya sesuai dengan pengukuran e-govqual. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar untuk pengembangan program serupa di wilayah lain dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan secara keseluruhan.
Rancang Bangun Door Lock System Menggunakan Fingerprint Mobile
Authors: Nasir Nur Fadli Alamsyah , Asriyadi  , Muh. Ahyar
Published: December 2023

Sistem penguncian saat ini masih banyak yang menggunakan sistem konvensional yang sangat rentan terhadap tindakan duplikasi dan juga kehilangan serta sering juga terjadi kelalaian saat meninggalkan rumah dalam keadaan tidak terkunci. Sehingga dibutuhkan pemanfaatan teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan monitoring dan pengendalian dari jarak jauh secara realtime. Teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) merupakan konsep yang bertujuan setiap perangkat dapat saling terhubung secara terus-menerus melalui internet. Selain pemanfaatan IoT, dibutuhkan juga sensor fingerprint pada perangkat mobile untuk meningkatkan keamanan pada saat melakukan pengendalian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode waterfall sebagai prosedur penelitian agar penelitian dapat terstruktur sehingga hasil yang diperoleh sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui fungsional, kehandalan, dan kelayakan teknologi yang telah dirancang. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu perancangan hardware dan juga aplikasi door lock system pada perangkat mobile yang berfungsi baik. Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil pada penggunaan jaringan yang sama waktu terlama yakni 2,3 detik dan waktu tercepat yakni 1,28 detik sedangkan pada penggunaan jaringan yang berbeda diperoleh waktu terlama yakni 2,5 detik dan waktu tercepat yakni 1,45 detik. Hasil tersebut dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya penggunaan internet pada waktu tertentu. Dan diperoleh tingkat keberhasilan dan kelayakan door lock system secara keseluruhan melalui responden kuesioner, diperoleh hasil persentase sebesar 90,4% yang berarti sistem telah berjalan sesuai fungsi dan bekerja dengan baik.
Synthesis of a novel photochemical and thermoresponsive diblock biomaterial with end-functionalized zinc porphyrin
Authors: Qiu Nannan , Pan Xinyuan , Hu Ruizhang , Hui Zhenzhen
Published: December 2023

Porphyrin compound-based photochemical molecules and biomaterials have been synthesized for photosensitivity and bioimaging experiments. However, most porphyrin photosensitizers have limited application in biological environments owing to severe aggregation in aqueous solutions. In the present study, we prepared amphipathic and photosensitive copolymers using zinc porphyrin via consecutive atom transfer-free radical polymerizations (ATRPs) comprising photoresponsive and thermosensitive chain segments. Furthermore, we evaluated the photocatalytic activity of the copolymer for methylene blue (MB) in water.

Methods: First, we synthesized a photoresponsive ain segment of poly (6-[4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate) (ZnPor-PAzo); then, ZnPor-PAzo was used as a macroinitiator and was polymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) via ATRPs to obtain a novel photochemical and thermoresponsive diblock biomaterial with end-functionalized zinc porphyrin [(ZnPor-PAzo)–PNIPAMs].

Results: The polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of (ZnPor-PAzo)–PNIPAMs was 1.19–1.32. Furthermore, its photoresponsive and thermosensitive characteristics were comprehensively studied.

Discussion: The end-functionalized diblock copolymer (ZnPor-PAzo)–PNIPAM exhibits obvious fluorescence and efficient photocatalytic activity for aqueous MB under visible light.
Fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the descending aorta in suspected left-sided cardiac obstructions
Authors: Fricke Katrin , Ryd Daniel , Weismann Constance G. , Hanséus Katarina , Hedström Erik , Liuba Petru
Published: December 2023

Background

Severe left-sided cardiac obstructions are associated with high morbidity and mortality if not detected in time. The correct prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is difficult. Fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) may improve the prenatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart defects. Flow measurements in the ascending aorta could aid in predicting postnatal CoA, but its accurate visualization is challenging.

Objectives

To compare the flow in the descending aorta (DAo) and umbilical vein (UV) in fetuses with suspected left-sided cardiac obstructions with and without the need for postnatal intervention and healthy controls by fetal phase-contrast CMR flow. A second objective was to determine if adding fetal CMR to echocardiography (echo) improves the fetal CoA diagnosis.

Methods

Prospective fetal CMR phase-contrast flow in the DAo and UV and echo studies were conducted between 2017 and 2022.

Results

A total of 46 fetuses with suspected left-sided cardiac obstructions [11 hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), five critical aortic stenosis (cAS), and 30 CoA] and five controls were included. Neonatal interventions for left-sided cardiac obstructions (n = 23) or comfort care (n = 1 with HLHS) were pursued in all 16 fetuses with suspected HLHS or cAS and in eight (27%) fetuses with true CoA. DAo or UV flow was not different in fetuses with and without need of intervention. However, DAo and UV flows were lower in fetuses with either retrograde isthmic systolic flow [DAo flow 253 (72) vs. 261 (97) ml/kg/min, p = 0.035; UV flow 113 (75) vs. 161 (81) ml/kg/min, p = 0.04] or with suspected CoA and restrictive atrial septum [DAo flow 200 (71) vs. 268 (94) ml/kg/min, p = 0.04; UV flow 89 vs. 159 (76) ml/kg/min, p = 0.04] as well as in those without these changes. Adding fetal CMR to fetal echo predictors for postnatal CoA did not improve the diagnosis of CoA.

Conclusion

Fetal CMR-derived DAo and UV flow measurements do not improve the prenatal diagnosis of left-sided cardiac obstructions, but they could be important in identifying fetuses with a more severe decrease in blood flow across the left side of the heart. The physiological explanation may be a markedly decreased left ventricular cardiac output with subsequent retrograde systolic isthmic flow and decreased total DAo flow.
TEE-Graph: efficient privacy and ownership protection for cloud-based graph spectral analysis
Authors: Alam A. K. M. Mubashwir , Chen Keke
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Big graphs like social network user interactions and customer rating matrices require significant computing resources to maintain. Data owners are now using public cloud resources for storage and computing elasticity. However, existing solutions do not fully address the privacy and ownership protection needs of the key involved parties: data contributors and the data owner who collects data from contributors.

Methods

We propose a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) based solution: TEE-Graph for graph spectral analysis of outsourced graphs in the cloud. TEEs are new CPU features that can enable much more efficient confidential computing solutions than traditional software-based cryptographic ones. Our approach has several unique contributions compared to existing confidential graph analysis approaches. (1) It utilizes the unique TEE properties to ensure contributors' new privacy needs, e.g., the right of revocation for shared data. (2) It implements efficient access-pattern protection with a differentially private data encoding method. And (3) it implements TEE-based special analysis algorithms: the Lanczos method and the Nystrom method for efficiently handling big graphs and protecting confidentiality from compromised cloud providers.

Results

The TEE-Graph approach is much more efficient than software crypto approaches and also immune to access-pattern-based attacks. Compared with the best-known software crypto approach for graph spectral analysis, PrivateGraph, we have seen that TEE-Graph has 103−105times lower computation, storage, and communication costs. Furthermore, the proposed access-pattern protection method incurs only about 10%-25% of the overall computation cost.

Discussion

Our experimentation showed that TEE-Graph performs significantly better and has lower costs than typical software approaches. It also addresses the unique ownership and access-pattern issues that other TEE-related graph analytics approaches have not sufficiently studied. The proposed approach can be extended to other graph analytics problems with strong ownership and access-pattern protection.
Diversity of MIS 3 Levallois technology from Motravulapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India‐implications of MIS 3 cultural diversity in South Asia
Authors: Anil Devara , Devi Monika , Ati Neha , C. P Mukesh , Khan Zakir , Mahesh Vrushab , Ajithprasad P. , Chauhan Naveen , Pandey Akash , Jha Gopesh
Published: December 2023

The chronology and hominin association of the South Asian Middle Palaeolithic have attracted much attention in the last few decades. The emergence of Middle Palaeolithic culture in the region has been debated between the local origins (behavioural change) model based on an early date around 380 ka and the diffusion (biological change) model based on Homo sapiens dispersals from Africa around 120–80 ka. The latter has more consensus, whereas the former requires a more robust chronological framework to attribute the emergence of the Middle Palaeolithic to behavioural changes. In the absence of hominin remains, the presence of Middle Palaeolithic technological trajectories are frequently used as behavioural markers of Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens fossil remains from the regions between Africa and South Asia dated to ∼ 200 ka presents more convincing support for the latter model. Here we present contextual, chronological and technological analysis of Middle Palaeolithic assemblages dated to 52 ka from Motravulapadu, Andhra Pradesh, India. Morphometrical analysis of the lithic assemblage indicates diverse Levallois core reductions were practised at the site at the onset of MIS 3. Further this evidence highlights the significance of MIS 3 cultural diversity in South Asia, likely related to changing population dynamics, cultural drift, and the highly variable climatic context of MIS 3.
A qualitative study to understand sociocultural beliefs around perinatal and neonatal health in rural areas of Mohali, Punjab, India
Authors: Ahuja Alka , Duggal Mona , Liu Jane Y. , Sharma Preetika , Hosapatna Basavarajappa Darshan , Bagga Rashmi , El Ayadi Alison M. , Kankaria Ankita , Kumar Vijay , Singh Pushpendra , Diamond-Smith Nadia G.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Globally, 600,000 mothers (15-49 years) die every year due to pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. Wide variations are seen in cultural practices and beliefs surrounding this period of a woman's life. The present study explores the cultural beliefs and practices of women and families during pregnancy and the postnatal period in order to understand what behavioral management strategies are required to improve maternal and infant outcomes during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Methods

The study was conducted in a rural area of Punjab, from December 2019 to March 2021. A total of 20 women (up to 3 months postpartum, age >18 years, were interviewed.

Results

In general, women described eating varied and fairly healthy diets during pregnancy, especially nutritious warm food, following traditional practices. Other cultural practices included restrictions on movement and mobile phone use and the use of unsafe home remedies to promote infant safety and wellbeing, such as using gripe water, applying black pencil to the baby's eyes, and feeding the baby honey. A few were not inclined to engage with these and other cultural expectations, preferring instead to follow contemporary practices influenced by social media. These practices included being accompanied by a family member during delivery, celebrating the baby's birth regardless of sex, and early bathing post-delivery.

Discussion

It can be concluded that while many traditional practices are still followed in India, there are new beliefs and behaviors arising from an intersection between culture and technology. Developing strategies that acknowledge older beliefs and modern approaches is essential to promoting better antenatal and postpartum care.
Exosomal miRNAs in autoimmune skin diseases
Authors: Zhang Ri , Wei Yujia , Wang Tingmei , Nie Xiaoqi , Shi Zeqi , Deng Yunhua , Li Dong
Published: December 2023

Exosomes, bilaterally phospholipid-coated small vesicles, are produced and released by nearly all cells, which comprise diverse biological macromolecules, including proteins, DNA, RNA, and others, that participate in the regulation of their biological functions. An increasing number of studies have revealed that the contents of exosomes, particularly microRNA(miRNA), play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including autoimmune skin diseases. MiRNA is a class of single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that possess approximately 22 nucleotides in length with the capability of binding to the untranslated as well as coding regions of target mRNA to regulate gene expression precisely at the post-transcriptional level. Various exosomal miRNAs have been found to be significantly expressed in some autoimmune skin diseases and involved in the pathogenesis of conditions via regulating the secretion of crucial pathogenic cytokines and the direction of immune cell differentiation. Thus, exosomal miRNAs might be promising biomarkers for monitoring disease progression, relapse and reflection to treatment based on their functions and changes. This review summarized the current studies on exosomal miRNAs in several common autoimmune skin diseases, aiming to dissect the underlying mechanism from a new perspective, seek novel biomarkers for disease monitoring and lay the foundation for developing innovative target therapy in the future.
Impact of ebb-delta dynamics on shoreline evolution along inlet-interrupted coasts
Authors: Bamunawala Janaka , Ranasinghe Roshanka , Sirisena Jeewanthi
Published: December 2023

Shorelines adjacent to tidal inlets are highly dynamic landforms affected by oceanic (e.g., sea-level rise) and terrestrial (e.g., fluvial sediment supply) processes. Climate change is thus expected to have substantial physical impacts on these inlet-interrupted coasts. Numerical simulation of such impacts requires a holistic approach where at least the major governing processes that affect the local sediment budget are considered. The Generalized-Scale-aggregated Model for Inlet-interrupted Coasts (i.e., G-SMIC) is such a model that is capable of holistically simulating the evolution of inlet-interrupted coasts over multi-decadal to century time periods. However, in its present form, G-SMIC does not consider the effects of ebb-delta dynamics in its computations. Here, we improve the model to include ebb-delta dynamics and pilot the improved model (G-SMIC+) at two selected case study sites in Vietnam (Thu Bon estuary) and Wales, United Kingdom (Mawddach estuary). Model hindcasts of G-SMIC+ at both case study locations show reasonable agreement with available records of shoreline variations. The evolution of the two inlet-estuary systems was assessed over the 21st century under four of the IPCC’s sixth assessment report climate scenarios (viz., SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). Results show that both systems switch between sediment exporting and sediment importing systems over the study period (2031 - 2100). Moreover, while the inclusion of ebb-delta dynamics may decrease the erosion volumes of the up-drift shoreline by up to 37% and 46% at Thu Bon and Mawddach estuaries, respectively (by 2100, relative to 2030), the down-drift coast is only affected in a noticeable way at the Mawddach estuary, where the accretion volume is projected to reduce by ~50%. As a result, the ebb-delta effect decreases the up-drift shoreline retreat by up to 37% and 48% at Thu Bon and Mawddach estuaries, respectively, while it reduces shoreline progradation of the down-drift coast of Mawddach estuary by up to ~50%. These results highlight the importance of including ebb-delta dynamics in modelling efforts to assess the climate change responses of inlet-interrupted coasts worldwide.
Effects of using different materials at interface of trapezoidal reinforced concrete infilled frames–analytical and experimental approaches
Authors: Vishali Mugunth , Bahrami Alireza , Satyanarayanan Kachabeswara Srinivasan , Thirumurugan Varatharajan , Prakash Murugan
Published: December 2023

Infilled frames are generally formed by the composite interaction between the frame and the infilled wall used for functional purposes. The composite interaction increases the in-plane lateral stiffness of the frame, which is considered an advantage. However, the interaction also alters the ductile mode of failure to the brittle mode along with the increased base shear owing to its higher stiffness compared with the bare frame. A detailed and comprehensive study of the literature revealed that many of research works have been done on rectangular and square frames, and studies on trapezoidal infilled frames are scarce. In this article, we studied different configurations of reinforced concrete frame structures known as trapezoidal frames, which have higher stiffness than rectangular frames. A trapezoidal frame is used for industrial buildings, and its behavior under a lateral load has already been established for a bare frame. However, the interaction and behavior of the infilled frame were investigated in this research. The behavior of a trapezoidal single-story frame was examined under both lateral loading and various interface materials. One of the most frequently suggested methods for infilled-frame analysis is the equivalent diagonal strut. Effective strut width design recommendations are available for rectangular and square frames but not for trapezoidal frames for macro modeling. Hence, to make the design easier, an effective diagonal width was developed for different interface materials with respect to the relative stiffness of various frame cross-sections, and further validation was conducted with a framework of ideology from biomimicry using the nature of a one-sixth scale model. The effective strut width for the trapezoidal infilled frame varied between d/8 and d/9 for the cement mortar and cork interfaces, where d is the diagonal length of the frame.
Prehabilitation programs – a systematic review of the economic evidence
Authors: Ke Yuhe , Ng Roderica Rui Ge , Elangovan Shalini , Leong Yun Hao , Goh Zhao Han , Graves Nicholas , Shannon Nicholas B. , Abdullah Hairil Rizal
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Prehabilitation, which involves improving a patient’s physical and psychological condition before surgery, has shown potential benefits but has yet to be extensively studied from an economic perspective. To address this gap, a systematic review was conducted to summarize existing economic evaluations of prehabilitation interventions.

Methods

The PRISMA Protocols 2015 checklist was followed. Over 16,000 manuscripts were reviewed, and 99 reports on preoperative interventions and screening tests were identified, of which 12 studies were included in this analysis. The costs are expressed in Pounds (GBP, £) and adjusted for inflation to December 2022.

Results

The studies were conducted in Western countries, focusing on specific surgical subspecialties. While the interventions and study designs varied, most studies demonstrated cost savings in the intervention group compared to the control group. Additionally, all cost-effectiveness analysis studies favored the intervention group. However, the review also identified several limitations. Many studies had a moderate or high risk of bias, and critical information such as time horizons and discount rates were often missing. Important components like heterogeneity, distributional effects, and uncertainty were frequently lacking as well. The misclassification of economic evaluation types highlighted a lack of knowledge among physicians in prehabilitation research.

Conclusion

This review reveals a lack of robust evidence regarding the economics of prehabilitation programs for surgical patients. This suggests a need for further research with rigorous methods and accurate definitions.
Comparing the genetic typing methods for effective surveillance and rabies control in Georgia
Authors: Condori Rene E. , Kartskhia Natia , Avaliani Lasha , Donduashvili Marina , Elbakidze Tinatin , Kapanadze Ana , Pieracci Emily G. , Maghlakelidze Giorgi , Wadhwa Ashutosh , Morgan Clint N. , Reynolds Mary , Li Yu , Ninidze Lena
Published: December 2023

A full nucleoprotein gene sequencing of 68 isolates collected from passive rabies surveillance system in Georgia between 2015 and 2016 identified two distinct dog rabies phylogroups, GEO_V1 and GEO_V2, which both belonged to the cosmopolitan dog clade. GEO_V1 was found throughout the country and was further divided into four sub-phylogroups that overlapped geographically; GEO_V2 was found in the southeast region and was closely related to dog rabies in Azerbaijan. A sequence analysis of the full N gene, partial nucleoprotein gene of N-terminal and C-terminal, and the amplicon sequences of pan-lyssavirus RT-qPCR LN34 showed that all four sequencing approaches provided clear genetic typing results of canine rabies and could further differentiate GEO_V1 and GEO_V2. The phylogenetic analysis results vary and were affected by the length of the sequences used. Amplicon sequencing of the LN34 assay positive samples provided a rapid and cost-effective method for rabies genetic typing, which is important for improving rabies surveillance and canine rabies eradication globally.
Bacterial biota composition in gut regions of black soldier fly larvae reared on industrial residual streams: revealing community dynamics along its intestinal tract
Authors: Vandeweyer Dries , Bruno Daniele , Bonelli Marco , IJdema Freek , Lievens Bart , Crauwels Sam , Casartelli Morena , Tettamanti Gianluca , De Smet Jeroen
Published: December 2023

Some insect species have gained attention as efficient bioconverters of low-value organic substrates (i.e., residual streams) into high-value biomass. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) larvae are particularly interesting for bioconversion due to their ability to grow on a wide range of substrates, including low-value industrial residual streams. This is in part due to the plasticity of the gut microbiota of polyphagous insects, like BSF. Gut microbiota composition varies depending on rearing substrates, via a mechanism that might support the recruitment of microorganisms that facilitate digestion of a specific substrate. At the same time, specific microbial genera do persist on different substrates via unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to offer insights on this microbial plasticity by investigating how the composition of the bacterial community present in the gut of BSF larvae responds to two industrial residual streams: swill (a mixture of catering and supermarket leftovers) and distiller’s dried grains with solubles. The bacterial biota composition of substrates, whole larvae at the beginning of the rearing period and at harvest, rearing residues, and larval gut regions were investigated through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It was observed that both substrate and insect development influenced the bacterial composition of the whole larvae. Zooming in on the gut regions, there was a clear shift in community composition from a higher to a lower diversity between the anterior/middle midgut and the posterior midgut/hindgut, indicating a selective pressure occurring in the middle midgut region. Additionally, the abundance of the bacterial biota was always high in the hindgut, while its diversity was relatively low. Even more, the bacterial community in the hindgut was found to be relatively more conserved over the different substrates, harboring members of the BSF core microbiota. We postulate a potential role of the hindgut as a reservoir for insect-associated microbes. This warrants further research on that underexplored region of the intestinal tract. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the bacterial biota structure and dynamics along the intestinal tract, which can aid microbiome engineering efforts to enhance larval performance on (industrial) residual streams.
The interplay between the microbiota, diet and T regulatory cells in the preservation of the gut barrier in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Prame Kumar Kathryn , Ooi Joshua D. , Goldberg Rimma
Published: December 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming more common in the Western world due to changes in diet-related microbial dysbiosis, genetics and lifestyle. Incidences of gut permeability can predate IBD and continued gut barrier disruptions increase the exposure of bacterial antigens to the immune system thereby perpetuating chronic inflammation. Currently, most of the approved IBD therapies target individual pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways. However, they fail in approximately 50% of patients due to their inability to overcome the redundant pro inflammatory immune responses. There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in inflammatory conditions due to their widespread capability to dampen inflammation, promote tolerance of intestinal bacteria, facilitate healing of the mucosal barrier and ability to be engineered for more targeted therapy. Intestinal Treg populations are inherently shaped by dietary molecules and gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Thus, understanding how these molecules influence Treg-mediated preservation of the intestinal barrier will provide insights into immune tolerance-mediated mucosal homeostasis. This review comprehensively explores the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and immune system in influencing the intestinal barrier function to attenuate the progression of colitis.