bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Roughness and Partitions in Thermal Convection to Enhance the Heat Transport
Authors: Kar Prabir Kumar , Chetan Ujjwal , Sahu Toshan Lal , Sharma Abhishek , Dhopeshwar Saurabh , Das Prasanta Kumar , Lakkaraju Rajaram
Published: June 2024

In this investigation, we explore the profound impact of adiabatic partitions on heat transport within a square Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection enclosure characterized by surface roughness on the lower hot and upper cold plates. The surface irregularities take the form of a rectangular base and a triangular apex. Our study employs two-dimensional direct numerical simulations spanning the Rayleigh number (Ra) range of 106–108 and a Prandtl number (Pr) of 1. Adiabatic partitions, strategically positioned between successive roughness, serve as the focal point of our exploration. Remarkably, our findings reveal a substantial enhancement in heat transport with the introduction of a partition board between consecutive roughness elements. As we escalate the number of partitions from one to four, the heat flux experiences a notable augmentation, reaching 2.3 times that of the classical square RB configuration. This enhancement is attributed to the breakdown of large-scale rolls into multiple rolls, a phenomenon intensified by the increased partition height. Further intriguing observations unfold as we investigate the interplay of surface roughness and partitions. Configurations featuring roughness with partitions exhibit an impressive 2.7 times heat flux enhancement compared to the classical square RB setup. The complex interplay of heat transport improvement is closely connected to optimizing the distance between the conduction plate and the partition. Through meticulous analysis, we identify that the optimal gap facilitates heightened local velocity, effectively thinning the thermal boundary layer and consequently augmenting the overall heat flux. In essence, our study sheds light on the synergistic effects of adiabatic partitions and surface roughness in the context of RB convection. The observed enhancements in heat transport underscore the potential for tailored design strategies involving partitions and surface modifications to optimize thermal performance in diverse applications.
Surface and underwater acoustic target recognition using only two hydrophones based on machine learning
Authors: Yu Qiankun , Zhang Wen , Zhu Min , Shi Jian , Liu Yan , Liu Shuo
Published: June 2024

Surface and underwater (S/U) acoustic targets recognition is an important application of passive sonar. It is difficult to distinguish them due to the mixture of underwater target radiation noise and marine environmental noise. In previous studies, although using a single hydrophone was able to identify S/U acoustic targets, there were still a few hydrophones that had poor accuracy. In this paper, S/U acoustic targets recognition using two hydrophones based on Gradient Boosting Decision Tree is proposed, and it is first found out as high as 100% accuracy could be achieved with the implementation of SACLANT 1993 data. The real experimental data are always rare and insufficient. The big training dataset is generated using environmental information by acoustic model named KRAKEN. Simulation and experimental data used in the model are heterogeneous, and the differences between these two kinds of data are assimilated by using vertical linear array feature extraction method. The model realizes the recognition of S/U acoustic targets based on channel information besides source spectrum information. By using the combination of two hydrophones, the surface and underwater targets recognition accuracy reached 1 and 0.9384, while they are only 0.4715 and 0.5620 using a single hydrophone, respectively.
Propagation of elastic waves in correlated dispersions of resonant scatterers
Authors: Simon Alverède , Baudis Quentin , Wunenburger Régis , Valier-Brasier Tony
Published: June 2024

The propagation of coherent longitudinal and transverse waves in random distributions of spherical scatterers embedded in an elastic matrix is studied. The investigated frequency range is the vicinity of the resonance frequencies of the translational and rotational motion of the spheres forced by the waves, where strong dispersion and attenuation are predicted. A technique for making samples made of layers of carbide tungsten beads embedded in epoxy resin is presented, which allows control of the scatterers distribution, induce short-range positional correlations, and minimize the anisotropy of samples. Comparison between phase velocity and attenuation measurements and a model based on multiple scattering theory (MST) shows that bulk effective properties accurately described by MST are obtained from three beads layers. Besides, short-range correlations amplify the effect of mechanical resonances on the propagation of longitudinal and transverse coherent waves. As a practical consequence, the use of short-range positional correlations may be used to enhance the attenuation of elastic waves by disordered, locally resonant, elastic metamaterials, and MST globally correctly predicts the effect of short-range positional order on their effective properties.
A phenomenological model for chains and bands in dipolar suspensions
Authors: Kach Jeremy I. , Walker Lynn M. , Khair Aditya S.
Published: June 2024

We introduce a phenomenological model for the dipolar interaction of polarizable particles under an external field, where the relative radial and rotational components of a particle pair interaction can be tuned. We show that the relative strengths of these two components govern the microstructure and dynamics of a suspension of such particles. Notably, dominant radial interactions give rise to the formation of zigzag band patterns, which were previously only thought to occur in systems where hydrodynamic interactions dominate. Through this phenomenological model, we show that dipolar interactions can be used to access an array of patterns in suspensions of polarizable particles, from chains to bands, which would dramatically affect suspension shear rheology, for instance.
Structural, topological, and rheological characteristics of entangled short-chain branched polymer melts under shear flow in comparison with the linear analog
Authors: Choe Donghun , Jeong Seung Heum , Baig Chunggi
Published: June 2024

We present a detailed analysis of the general influence of short branches on the structural, topological, and rheological behaviors of entangled short-chain branched (SCB) polyethylene (PE) melt systems under shear flow via direct comparison with the corresponding linear analogs using extensive atomistic nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations, for a wide range of flow strengths. In comparison with the linear melt, the SCB systems generally exhibit more compact chain structures and larger dynamic resistance, in response to an imposed flow field at all flow strengths. These features essentially arise from (i) the increased chain stiffness due to the torsional restriction of backbone atoms around the branch points and (ii) the fast random Brownian motion of short branches via their very short characteristic relaxation time. We analyzed various structural and rheological properties, such as anisotropic chain dimension and orientation and their detailed distributions, topological characteristics of the entanglement network, material functions, chain rotation dynamics, and flow birefringence. Distinctive physical characteristics of the entangled SCB systems exposed by these individual properties can be consistently understood based on the fundamental structural and dynamical roles of short branches. These findings are considered informative in our systematic understanding and prediction for the general rheological behaviors of long entangled SCB polymer systems under flow, and in tuning the material properties of SCB polymers in practical applications.
Osteoarthritic Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Characteristics During Weightbearing With Arch-Supported and Standalone Lateral Wedge Insoles
Authors: Tse Calvin T.F. , Ryan Michael B. , Krowchuk Natasha M. , Scott Alexander , Hunt Michael A.
Published: June 2024

Imbalanced joint load distribution across the tibiofemoral surface is a risk factor for osteoarthritic changes to this joint. Lateral wedge insoles, with and without arch support, are a form of biomechanical intervention that can redistribute tibiofemoral joint load, as estimated by external measures of knee load. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of these insoles on the internal joint contact characteristics of osteoarthritic knees during weightbearing. Fifteen adults with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the affected knee, while standing under 3 insole conditions: flat control, lateral wedge alone, and lateral wedge with arch support. Images were processed, and the surface area and centroid location of joint contact were quantified separately for the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments. Medial contact surface area was increased with the 2 lateral wedge conditions compared with the control (P ≤ .012). A more anterior contact centroid was observed in the medial compartment in the lateral wedge with arch support compared with the lateral wedge alone (P = .009). Significant changes in lateral compartment joint contact outcomes were not observed. These findings represent early insights into how loading at the tibiofemoral interface may be altered by lateral wedge insoles as a potential intervention for knee osteoarthritis.
Antibody responses after sequential vaccination with PCV13 and PPSV23 in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis under immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Helmer Lorena , van de Sand Lukas , Wojtakowski Thea , Otte Mona , Witzke Oliver , Sondermann Wiebke , Krawczyk Adalbert , Lindemann Monika
Published: June 2024

A crucial step in lowering the risk of invasive pneumococcal illness in high-risk populations, such as individuals with plaque psoriasis, is pneumococcal vaccination. The serologic response to the sequential vaccination with Prevenar 13 (PCV13) and Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23) in psoriasis patients under immunosuppressive therapy is still poorly characterized despite national recommendations suggesting vaccination for immunocompromised patients. In this prospective study, we investigated the serological response in 57 patients under active systemic treatment for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who underwent sequential vaccination with PCV13 followed by PPSV23. Our analysis focused on global and serotype-specific anti-pneumococcal antibody responses over a 7-month period post-vaccination. Our findings reveal a robust serological response in patients with plaque psoriasis under systemic therapy. When comparing our results with a cohort of kidney transplant recipients who completed a similar sequential vaccination protocol, psoriasis patients showed higher antibody concentrations. In psoriasis patients, the mean levels of all global antibody classes tested (IgG, IgG2, IgA, IgM) increased more than 4-fold (
P
< 0.0001) and serotype-specific antibodies more than 1.9-fold (
P
< 0.01). In addition to providing strong evidence of the safety and effectiveness of sequential pneumococcal vaccination in individuals with plaque psoriasis, our work sheds light on the complex interactions that exist between immunosuppressive treatment, vaccination schedule, and antibody responses in various risk groups.

IMPORTANCE

To protect against severe courses of infection with
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, the national guidelines recommend sequential vaccination for these patients. However, there are only studies on the efficacy of a single administration of these vaccines in this particular risk group. The immunological responses to the vaccine were correlated with clinical patient data. In summary, our study shows for the first time that sequential vaccination is immunogenic in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Candida albicans
and
Candida glabrata
: global priority pathogens
Authors: Katsipoulaki Myrto , Stappers Mark H. T. , Malavia-Jones Dhara , Brunke Sascha , Hube Bernhard , Gow Neil A. R.
Published: June 2024

A significant increase in the incidence of
Candida
-mediated infections has been observed in the last decade, mainly due to rising numbers of susceptible individuals. Recently, the World Health Organization published its first fungal pathogen priority list, with
Candida
species listed in medium, high, and critical priority categories. This review is a synthesis of information and recent advances in our understanding of two of these species
—Candida albicans
and
Candida glabrata
. Of these,
C. albicans
is the most common cause of candidemia around the world and is categorized as a critical priority pathogen.
C. glabrata
is considered a high-priority pathogen and has become an increasingly important cause of candidemia in recent years. It is now the second most common causative agent of candidemia in many geographical regions. Despite their differences and phylogenetic divergence, they are successful as pathogens and commensals of humans. Both species can cause a broad variety of infections, ranging from superficial to potentially lethal systemic infections. While they share similarities in certain infection strategies, including tissue adhesion and invasion, they differ significantly in key aspects of their biology, interaction with immune cells, host damage strategies, and metabolic adaptations. Here we provide insights on key aspects of their biology, epidemiology, commensal and pathogenic lifestyles, interactions with the immune system, and antifungal resistance.
Bacterial genomes recovered from litter’s metagenomes in Amazonian Dark Earths
Authors: Freitas Anderson Santos de , Zagatto Luís Felipe Guandalin , Rocha Gabriel Silvestre , Pellegrinetti Thierry Alexandre , Alves Letícia de Cássia Malho , Lara Vitor Moreira de , Mandro Jéssica Adriele , Martins Guilherme Lucio , Muniz Aleksander Westphal , Hanada Rogério Eiji , Würdig Roesch Luiz Fernando , Tsai Siu Mui
Published: June 2024

Here, we report 27 metagenome-assembled bacterial genomes (MAGs) from litter samples of a secondary forest located in Brazil over an Amazonian Dark Earth pool. The data set includes members from the phyla Pseudomonadata (14 MAGs), Actinomycetota (7 MAGs), Bacteroidota (4 MAGs), Bacillota (1 MAG), and Bdellovibrionota (1 MAG).
Host tracheal and intestinal microbiomes inhibit
Coccidioides
growth
in vitro
Authors: Tejeda-Garibay Susana , Zhao Lihong , Hum Nicholas R. , Pimentel Maria , Diep Anh L. , Amiri Beheshta , Sindi Suzanne S. , Weilhammer Dina R. , Loots Gabriela G. , Hoyer Katrina K.
Published: June 2024

Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, is a disease caused by the fungal pathogen
Coccidioides
. Unfortunately, patients are often misdiagnosed with bacterial pneumonia, leading to inappropriate antibiotic treatment. The soil
Bacillus subtilis
-like species exhibits antagonistic properties against
Coccidioides in vitro
; however, the antagonistic capabilities of host microbiota against
Coccidioides
are unexplored. We sought to examine the potential of the tracheal and intestinal microbiomes to inhibit the growth of
Coccidioides in vitro
. We hypothesized that an uninterrupted lawn of microbiota obtained from antibiotic-free mice would inhibit the growth of
Coccidioides,
while partial
in vitro
depletion through antibiotic disk diffusion assays would allow a niche for fungal growth. We observed that the microbiota grown on 2×GYE (GYE) and Columbia colistin and nalidixic acid with 5% sheep’s blood agar inhibited the growth of
Coccidioides
, but microbiota grown on chocolate agar did not. Partial depletion of the microbiota through antibiotic disk diffusion revealed diminished inhibition and comparable growth of
Coccidioides
to controls. To characterize the bacteria grown and identify potential candidates contributing to the inhibition of
Coccidioides
, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on tracheal and intestinal agar cultures and murine lung extracts. We found that the host bacteria likely responsible for this inhibition primarily included
Lactobacillus
and
Staphylococcus
. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the host microbiota to inhibit the growth of
Coccidioides in vitro
and suggest that an altered microbiome through antibiotic treatment could negatively impact effective fungal clearance and allow a niche for fungal growth
in vivo
.

IMPORTANCE

Coccidioidomycosis is caused by a fungal pathogen that invades the host lungs, causing respiratory distress. In 2019, 20,003 cases of Valley fever were reported to the CDC. However, this number likely vastly underrepresents the true number of Valley fever cases, as many go undetected due to poor testing strategies and a lack of diagnostic models. Valley fever is also often misdiagnosed as bacterial pneumonia, resulting in 60%–80% of patients being treated with antibiotics prior to an accurate diagnosis. Misdiagnosis contributes to a growing problem of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic-induced microbiome dysbiosis; the implications for disease outcomes are currently unknown. About 5%–10% of symptomatic Valley fever patients develop chronic pulmonary disease. Valley fever causes a significant financial burden and a reduced quality of life. Little is known regarding what factors contribute to the development of chronic infections and treatments for the disease are limited.
Utilizing co-abundances of antimicrobial resistance genes to identify potential co-selection in the resistome
Authors: Martiny Hannah-Marie , Munk Patrick , Brinch Christian , Aarestrup Frank M. , Calle M. Luz , Petersen Thomas N.
Published: June 2024

The rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global health, and the nature of co-occurring antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) may cause collateral AMR effects once antimicrobial agents are used. Therefore, it is essential to identify which pairs of ARGs co-occur. Given the wealth of next-generation sequencing data available in public repositories, we have investigated the correlation between ARG abundances in a collection of 214,095 metagenomic data sets. Using more than 6.76∙10
8
read fragments aligned to acquired ARGs to infer pairwise correlation coefficients, we found that more ARGs correlated with each other in human and animal sampling origins than in soil and water environments. Furthermore, we argued that the correlations could serve as risk profiles of resistance co-occurring to critically important antimicrobials (CIAs). Using these profiles, we found evidence of several ARGs conferring resistance for CIAs being co-abundant, such as tetracycline ARGs correlating with most other forms of resistance. In conclusion, this study highlights the important ARG players indirectly involved in shaping the resistomes of various environments that can serve as monitoring targets in AMR surveillance programs.

IMPORTANCE

Understanding the collateral effects happening in a resistome can reveal previously unknown links between antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Through the analysis of pairwise ARG abundances in 214K metagenomic samples, we observed that the co-abundance is highly dependent on the environmental context and argue that these correlations can be used to show the risk of co-selection occurring in different settings.
Influence of Lipid Conformations on the Interaction Energy between a Membrane and a Peripheral Protein
Authors: Volynsky P. E. , Alekseeva A. S. , Boldyrev I. A.
Published: June 2024

Peripheral membrane proteins are temporarily coupled to the surface of a membrane, penetrating into the lipid layer. In this work, it has been shown that the fraction of trans configurations of dihedral angles in hydrophobic chains of lipids decreases in the region of contact of peripheral membrane proteins with the membrane. This effect differs for different lipid chains and for dihedral angles at different distances from the beginning of a chain. A gosh configuration has a higher energy than a trans configuration. Consequently, the decrease in the fraction of trans configurations leads to an increase in the energy of the chain. The energy of chain conformations for the peripheral membrane protein considered in this work increases by ≈2 kJ/mol. A chain in chain conformations is involved in molecular mechanisms determining the elastic modulus of membranes. The energy stored in a conformation chain can be spent to the desorption of protein from the surface of the membrane and can be considered as a reason why the interaction of peripheral membrane proteins with the membrane is temporal.
Dual fluid silhouette in X-ray of the abdomen: a diagnostic flag for neurogenic bladder with urinary ascites
Authors: Singh Brajendra , Chetan Chinmay , Naaz Aisha , Gupta Girish
Published: June 2024

A neonate presented with abdominal distension and decreased urinary output. X-ray revealed dual abdominal fluid condition—ascites with a distended bladder, along with vertebral anomalies. The possibility of urinary ascites and neurogenic bladder was kept, which was further confirmed on evaluation. Here, we emphasise the crucial role of abdominal X-ray as a diagnostic tool in uncovering this intricate medical puzzle. By detailing the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and treatment strategy, the report contributes insights into the rare and complex abdominal condition.
Stridor and severe subglottic stenosis: emergency tracheostomy for a neonate with a pinhole trachea
Authors: Ryan Paul Jerome , Casby Caoimhe , Russell John , Holt Francesca
Published: June 2024

Congenital subglottic stenosis is a rare but potentially catastrophic condition. In this report, we describe the management of a term neonate who was noted to have biphasic stridor during preassessment for correction of an imperforate anus at 26 hours of life. The neonate was found to have a pinhole trachea secondary to congenital subglottic stenosis. It was impossible to pass an endotracheal tube, so the neonate underwent an emergency surgical tracheostomy with a good outcome. A high index of suspicion led to appropriate steps being taken to safely anaesthetise the neonate.
Cross-sectional study of the association between burnout and work overload and work-life imbalance among medical personnel in Liaoning, China: role of specialty
Authors: Mu Huijuan , Deng Yan , Li Yanxia , Xie Qiong , Na Jun , Mao Chunying , Geng Yihang , Sun Wei , Yan Lingjun , Pan Guowei
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Burnout is common among medical personnel in China and may be related to excessive and persistent work-related stressors by different specialties. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of burnout, work overload and work-life imbalance according to different specialties and to explore the effect of specialty, work overload and work-life imbalance on burnout among medical personnel.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

This study was conducted in 1 tertiary general public hospital, 2 secondary general hospitals and 10 community health service stations in Liaoning, China.

Participants

A total of 3299 medical personnel participated in the study.

Methods

We used the 15-item Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) to measure burnout. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the association between medical specialty, work overload, work-life imbalance and burnout.

Results

3299 medical personnel were included in this study. The prevalence of burnout, severe burnout, work overload and work-life imbalance were 88.7%, 13.6%, 23.4% and 23.2%, respectively. Compared with medical personnel in internal medicine, working in obstetrics and gynaecology (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.38, 0.99) and management (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.28, 0.72) was significantly associated with burnout, and working in ICU （Intensive Care Unit）(OR=2.48, 95% CI 1.07, 5.73), surgery (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.18, 2.35) and paediatrics (OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.07, 0.81) was significantly associated with severe burnout. Work overload and work-life imbalance were associated with higher ORs for burnout (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.16, 2.32; OR=2.79, 95% CI 1.84, 4.24) and severe burnout (OR=4.33, 95% CI 3.43, 5.46; OR=3.35, 95% CI 2.64, 4.24).

Conclusions

Burnout, work overload and work-life imbalance were prevalent among Chinese medical personnel but varied considerably by clinical specialty. Burnout may be reduced by decreasing work overload and promoting work-life balance across different specialties.
Shared genetic aetiology of respiratory diseases: a genome-wide multitraits association analysis
Authors: Chen Zhe , Gao Ning , Wang Xuanye , Chen Xiangming , Zeng YaQi , Li Cong , Yang Xiahong , Cai Qidong , Wang Xiang
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aims to explore the common genetic basis between respiratory diseases and to identify shared molecular and biological mechanisms.

Methods

This genome-wide pleiotropic association study uses multiple statistical methods to systematically analyse the shared genetic basis between five respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and snoring) using the largest publicly available genome wide association studies summary statistics. The missions of this study are to evaluate global and local genetic correlations, to identify pleiotropic loci, to elucidate biological pathways at the multiomics level and to explore causal relationships between respiratory diseases. Data were collected from 27 November 2022 to 30 March 2023 and analysed from 14 April 2023 to 13 July 2023.

Main outcomes and measures

The primary outcomes are shared genetic loci, pleiotropic genes, biological pathways and estimates of genetic correlations and causal effects.

Results

Significant genetic correlations were found for 10 paired traits in 5 respiratory diseases. Cross-Phenotype Association identified 12 400 significant potential pleiotropic single-nucleotide polymorphism at 156 independent pleiotropic loci. In addition, multitrait colocalisation analysis identified 15 colocalised loci and a subset of colocalised traits. Gene-based analyses identified 432 potential pleiotropic genes and were further validated at the transcriptome and protein levels. Both pathway enrichment and single-cell enrichment analyses supported the role of the immune system in respiratory diseases. Additionally, five pairs of respiratory diseases have a causal relationship.

Conclusions and relevance

This study reveals the common genetic basis and pleiotropic genes among respiratory diseases. It provides strong evidence for further therapeutic strategies and risk prediction for the phenomenon of respiratory disease comorbidity.
DYRK1B blockade promotes tumoricidal macrophage activity in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Brichkina Anna , Ems Miriam , Suezov Roman , Singh Rajeev , Lutz Veronika , Picard Felix S R , Nist Andrea , Stiewe Thorsten , Graumann Johannes , Daude Michael , Diederich Wibke E , Finkernagel Florian , Chung Ho-Ryun , Bartsch Detlef K , Roth Katrin , Keber Corinna , Denkert Carsten , Huber Magdalena , Gress Thomas M , Lauth Matthias
Published: June 2024

Objective

Highly malignant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by an abundant immunosuppressive and fibrotic tumour microenvironment (TME). Future therapeutic attempts will therefore demand the targeting of tumours and stromal compartments in order to be effective. Here we investigate whether dual specificity and tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B) fulfil these criteria and represent a promising anticancer target in PDAC.

Design

We used transplantation and autochthonous mouse models of PDAC with either geneticDyrk1bloss or pharmacological DYRK1B inhibition, respectively. Mechanistic interactions between tumour cells and macrophages were studied in direct or indirect co-culture experiments. Histological analyses used tissue microarrays from patients with PDAC. Additional methodological approaches included bulk mRNA sequencing (transcriptomics) and proteomics (secretomics).

Results

We found that DYRK1B is mainly expressed by pancreatic epithelial cancer cells and modulates the influx and activity of TME-associated macrophages through effects on the cancer cells themselves as well as through the tumour secretome. Mechanistically, genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of DYRK1B strongly attracts tumoricidal macrophages and, in addition, downregulates the phagocytosis checkpoint and ‘don’t eat me’ signal CD24 on cancer cells, resulting in enhanced tumour cell phagocytosis. Consequently, tumour cells lacking DYRK1B hardly expand in transplantation experiments, despite their rapid growth in culture. Furthermore, combining a small-molecule DYRK1B-directed therapy with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and conventional chemotherapy stalls the growth of established tumours and results in a significant extension of life span in a highly aggressive autochthonous model of PDAC.

Conclusion

In light of DYRK inhibitors currently entering clinical phase testing, our data thus provide a novel and clinically translatable approach targeting both the cancer cell compartment and its microenvironment.
Need for greater post-trial support for clinical trial participants assessing high-risk, irreversible treatments
Authors: Harris Alex , Gilbert Frederic
Published: June 2024

There are increasing numbers of clinical trials assessing high-risk, irreversible treatments. Trial participants should only expect knowledge gain to society, no personal therapeutic benefit. However, participation may lead to long-term harms and prevent future therapeutic options. While some discussion has occurred around post-trial access to treatments for participants who received therapeutic benefit, there are no post-trial support requirements for those suffering long-term consequences from trial participation. Participants may be left with significant medical, psychological, social, technical or financial needs. All trials will end at some point, regardless of their success. Subsequently, they should be designed to take into account the post-trial period including the impact on the ongoing health of a participant and their post-trial needs.
How does no-till affect soil-profile distribution of roots?
Authors: Ruis Sabrina J. , Blanco-Canqui Humberto
Published: June 2024

No-till (NT) often causes prominent stratification of C and nutrients in the soil profile relative to tilled systems. We hypothesize differences in root distribution within the soil profile between NT and tilled systems could be one factor contributing to stratification. We evaluated how NT affects root length density (RLD), root biomass yield (RBY), and root diameter compared with other tillage systems and factors that may affect root characteristics. We reviewed studies until 23 January 2024 where RLD, RBY, or root diameter were reported under NT and tillage. The data on RLD, RBY, and root diameter were tabulated and the weighted log response ratio ( MLRR) and confidence intervals computed. Our meta-analysis showed NT increased RLD in the 0–10 cm depth, but it reduced RLD at 10–20 cm. It increased RBY and root diameter in the 0–20 cm depth and reduced both characteristics at 20–30 cm. Regardless of root characteristics, NT had mixed effects below 30 cm. However, across the soil profile (minimum 50 cm depth), NT had no effect on RLD and RBY. NT-induced changes in roots can be related to increased compaction at the tillage interface. NT stratified both RLD and RBY compared with high-intensity tillage systems, although there were some conditions where NT stratified only RLD or RBY. NT did not induce stratification of RLD and RBY in dry regions, mild, or hot climates, in medium-textured soils, or compared with intermediate-intensity tillage systems. Overall, NT can result in stratification of both RBY and RLD compared with high-intensity tillage systems.
Fission valleys and favored isotopes emitted from $$^{310}$$126
Authors: Gherghescu Radu A. , Stoecker Horst , Poenaru Dorin N.
Published: June 2024

The decay channels for the superheavy nucleus $$^{310}$$

310

126 are studied under the binary macroscopic–microscopic method. The macroscopic part is calculated as the heavy-light interacting charged liquid drops, linked through the finite range Yukawa-plus-exponential force. The microscopic energy is calculated based on the spheroidally deformed two-center shell model. The proton and neutron single-particle levels are introduced in the binary Strutinsky procedure. The resulting shell corrections are added to the macroscopic part to obtain the fission barriers. The dynamical part follows by introducing the Werner–Wheeler inertia. The final lifetimes are calculated for all possible isotopic channels around the most favored heavy-light fragment pairs.
THE IMPACT OF CRISIS ON INTERECOSYSTEMIC INNOVATION: DYNAMICS OF ENEL’S HYDROGEN ECOSYSTEM
Authors: NYLUND PETRA A. , BREM ALEXANDER , CHAUDHARY PARUL , D’ALBERTI FEDERICO
Published: June 2024

Crisis highlights conflicts but also helps disparate organisations rally around common objectives through forming ecosystemic relationships. To improve future crisis response, we study the influence of crisis-driven transitions on innovation in ecosystems. We illustrate the study with the dynamics of hydrogen innovation at Enel. Here, innovation caters to multiple value propositions; therefore, we define interecosystemic innovation as an innovation that addresses the value propositions of more than one ecosystem. The unexpected disruption caused by the energy crisis focuses attention on a single value proposition, thus fomenting the dynamic, temporal sequencing of interecosystemic innovation. This increases activity in the ecosystem core as well as interaction with the ecosystem periphery, allowing more rapid innovation iterations throughout the ecosystem. When operating in the intercept of ecosystems, firms need to consider the multiple value propositions of ecosystem participants to identify and mitigate tensions that may impede innovation.
Databases in Edge and Fog Environments: A Survey
Authors: Meruje Ferreira Luís Manuel , Coelho Fabio , Pereira José
Published: June 2024

While a significant number of databases are deployed in cloud environments, pushing part or all data storage and querying planes closer to their sources (i.e., to the edge) can provide advantages in latency, connectivity, privacy, energy, and scalability. This article dissects the advantages provided by databases in edge and fog environments by surveying application domains and discussing the key drivers for pushing database systems to the edge. At the same time, it also identifies the main challenges faced by developers in this new environment and analyzes the mechanisms employed to deal with them. By providing an overview of the current state of edge and fog databases, this survey provides valuable insights into future research directions.
FedREAS: A Robust Efficient Aggregation and Selection Framework for Federated Learning
Authors: Fan Shuming , Wang Chenpei , Ruan Xinyu , Shi Hongjian , Ma Ruhui , Guan Haibing
Published: June 2024

In the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Deep Learning (DL) and Neural Network (NN) technologies have been widely applied to machine translation and sentiment analysis and have demonstrated outstanding performance. In recent years, NLP applications have also combined multimodal data, such as visual and audio, continuously improving language processing performance. At the same time, the size of Neural Network models is increasing, and many models cannot be deployed on devices with limited computing resources. Deploying models on cloud platforms has become a trend. However, deploying models in the cloud introduces new privacy risks for endpoint data, despite overcoming computational limitations. Federated Learning (FL) methods protect local data by keeping the data on the client side and only sending local updates to the central server. However, the FL architecture still has problems, such as vulnerability to adversarial attacks and non-IID data distribution. In this work, we propose a Federated Learning aggregation method called FedREAS. The server uses a benchmark dataset to train a global model and obtains benchmark updates in this method. Before aggregating local updates, the server adjusts the local updates using the benchmark updates and then returns the adjusted benchmark updates. Then, based on the similarity between the adjusted local updates and the adjusted benchmark updates, the server aggregates these local updates to obtain a more robust update. This method also improves the client selection process. FedREAS selects suitable clients for training at the beginning of each round based on specific strategies, the similarity of the previous round’s updates, and the submitted data. We conduct experiments on different datasets and compare FedREAS with other Federated Learning methods. The results show that FedREAS outperforms other methods regarding model performance and resistance to attacks.
Effects of Deformation Microstructures on the Electrochemical Properties of Mg-Hg-Ga Alloy Anode
Authors: Yang Guangzhou , Wang Shenggui , Wang Yuankui , Xu Wanli , Song Juemin , Li Zheng , Zhang Haitao , He Xuehua , Wang Xinyi , Zhang Qian , Li Hongxu , Yan Yang , Yu Kun
Published: June 2024

Mg-Hg-Ga alloy is one of the anode materials for seawater-activated batteries. Here, Mg-3.0 wt%Hg-3.0 wt%Ga alloys were prepared by extrusion and rolling and the microstructure of the Mg-3.0 wt%Hg-3.0 wt%Ga alloy after plastic deformation was studied. The effects of deformation microstructures on the discharge properties and corrosion behavior of the alloys were investigated by galvanostatic discharge, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectra experiments, and Mg/AgCl battery test. The results show that the microstructure of the extruded alloy is uniform, and the corrosion activity and discharge activity of the extruded alloy are relatively weak. Hot rolling deformation refines the grains and promotes the precipitation of the Mg5Ga2 phase distribute more dispersively, which results in faster and more uniform activation of the alloy, thus improving the corrosion activity and discharge activity of the Mg-3.0 wt%Hg-3.0 wt%Ga alloy. The results of galvanostatic discharge in half battery and Mg/AgCl battery discharge tests show that rolling deformation improves the discharge properties of the alloy, and the alloy with 78% rolling reduction has the best discharge performance.
Review—Modelling Catalyst Layer Performance in Device-Scale Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Simulation
Authors: Dickinson Edmund J. F. , Rodríguez Oliver
Published: June 2024

Theoretical models used to describe the catalyst layers (CLs) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are reviewed, with a focus on continuum treatments as incorporated in device-scale models used to predict and optimise PEMFC operating performance. Consideration is given to the mathematical relationships between CL design properties (Pt/C mass ratio, catalyst loading, ionomer loading), and physical properties. Relevant physical models are summarised, considering couplings between the CL and the phenomena of charge transfer, reactant mass transfer, hydrogen oxidation, and oxygen reduction electrode kinetics, heat transfer, and water balance. The relevance of thin film methods (through-thickness homogenisation) is compared to those resolving the macroscopic depth of the CL. Specific continuum homogenisations of microstructural models incorporating CL transport limitations in a continuum treatment, such as the agglomerate model, are discussed.
Review—Advances in Biosensors for Detecting Human Epidermal Growth Receptor-2 Antigen in Serum for Breast Cancer
Authors: Pundir Shikha , Mehta Vidhi , Mehta Ajay , Pundir Chandra Shekhar
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer in women accounts for the second highest number of deaths worldwide. Among the various methods available, bio-sensing/immunosensing methods are comparatively more simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific. These biosensors detect the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) secreted in the serum of breast cancer patients at early stage of cancer. This review describes three types of biosensors depending on type of detection techniques used: Electrochemical techniques, including amperometric, voltametric, and impediametric; Piezoelectric techniques; and Optical techniques, including surface plasmon resonanance and fluorescence. These biosensors worked in the antibody concentration range, 1 fg ml−1 to 500 ng ml−1 or 2 cells/ml with LOD ranging from 1 fg ml−1 to 0.2 ng ml−1 under the optimal assay conditions of pH (7.4−7.5), temperature (25 °C), and response time (10–30 min). The biosensors measured HER2 antigen level in sera of cancer patients, which was significantly higher than those in apparently healthy persons. The biosensors showed good storage stability (40–60 days) and regeneration ability. The merits and demerits of each class of immune-sensors are discussed. These biosensors could be miniaturized to make them portable to use at the bedside of patients.
Supplemental Table S2 from Mitochondrial and Cytosolic One-Carbon Metabolism Is a Targetable Metabolic Vulnerability in Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wallace-Povirk Adrianne , O'Connor Carrie , Dekhne Aamod S. , Bao Xun , Nayeen Md. Junayed , Schneider Mathew , Katinas Jade M. , Wong-Roushar Jennifer , Kim Seongho , Polin Lisa , Li Jing , Back Jessica B. , Dann Charles E. , Gangjee Aleem , Hou Zhanjun , Matherly Larry H.
Published: June 2024

This table shows primer sequences for quantitative real-time RT-PCR.
Table S1 from Circulating miRNA Signature Predicts Cancer Incidence in Lynch Syndrome—A Pilot Study
Authors: Sievänen Tero , Jokela Tiina , Hyvärinen Matti , Korhonen Tia-Marje , Pylvänäinen Kirsi , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Karvanen Juha , Sillanpää Elina , Seppälä Toni T. , Laakkonen Eija K.
Published: June 2024

Table S1: Missing values for cancer and cancer-free groups.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Preclinical Evaluation of Off-The-Shelf PD-L1+ Human Natural Killer Cells Secreting IL15 to Treat Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lu Ting , Ma Rui , Mansour Anthony G. , Bustillos Christian , Li Zhiyao , Li Zhenlong , Ma Shoubao , Teng Kun-Yu , Chen Hanyu , Zhang Jianying , Villalona-Calero Miguel A. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figure S6
Supplementary Figure 9 from Intratumoral TREX1 Induction Promotes Immune Evasion by Limiting Type I IFN
Authors: Toufektchan Eléonore , Dananberg Alexandra , Striepen Josefine , Hickling James H. , Shim Abraham , Chen Yanyang , Nichols Ashley , Duran Paez Mercedes A. , Mohr Lisa , Bakhoum Samuel F. , Maciejowski John
Published: June 2024

IFN and gene expression analysis after treatment with paclitaxel, HT-DNA, and poly(I:C).
Supplementary figure 2 from B7-H3–Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptors Epstein-Barr Virus–specific T Cells Provides a Tumor Agnostic Off-The-Shelf Therapy Against B7-H3–positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Yeo Siok Ping , Kua Lindsay , Tan Jin Wei , Lim Joanna Kristyn , Wong Fiona HS , Santos May Delos , Poh Chek Meng , Goh Angeline XH , Koh Xin Yu , Zhou Xiaohua , Rajarethinam Ravisankar , Chen Qingfeng , Her Zhisheng , Horak Ivan D. , Low Lionel , Tan Kar Wai
Published: June 2024

Supplementary figure 2
Role of MiRNA in the Regulation of Blood Group Expression
Authors: Kronstein-Wiedemann Romy , Künzel Stephan R. , Thiel Jessica , Tonn Torsten
Published: June 2024

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules that inhibit gene expression through either destabilization of the target mRNA or translational repression. MiRNAs recognize target sites, most commonly found in the 3′-untranslated regions of cognate mRNAs. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of major blood group antigens such as ABH as well as cancer-specific glycans. Summary: Besides their known roles in the control of developmental processes, proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis, miRNAs have recently been identified to play a regulatory role during erythropoiesis and blood group antigen expression. Since only little is known about the function of the red cell membrane proteins carrying blood group antigens, it is of great interest to shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of blood group gene expression. Some carrier proteins of blood group antigens are not restricted to red blood cells and are widely expressed in other bodily fluids and tissues and quite a few play a crucial role in tumor cells, as either tumor suppressors or promoters. Key Message: All available data point at a tremendous physiological as well as pathophysiological relevance of miRNAs in context of blood group regulation. Furthermore, miRNAs are involved in the regulation of pleiotropic genetic pathways such as hematopoiesis and tumorigenesis and thus have to be studied in future research on this subject.
Clinicopathological Features of Early Gastric Cancer Complicated by Autoimmune Gastritis
Authors: Nomura Kosuke , Kikuchi Daisuke , Kawai Yusuke , Ochiai Yorinari , Okamura Takayuki , Suzuki Yugo , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Mitsunaga Yutaka , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Yamashita Satoshi , Matsui Akira , Hoteya Shu
Published: June 2024

Introduction: In the post-Helicobacter pylori era, autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is attracting increasing attention as an origin of gastric cancer. Here, we performed clinicopathological examination of gastric cancer complicating AIG treated in our hospital. Methods: Eighty-six early gastric cancer lesions complicating AIG in 50 patients were treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at our hospital in 2008–2022. Their clinicopathological characteristics were compared with those of a control group comprising 2,978 early gastric cancer lesions (excluding lesions in the remnant stomach after surgery) in 2,278 patients treated by ESD during the same period. Results: Mean age was significantly higher in the AIG group than in the control group (74.7 years vs. 70.9 years; p < 0.01). In the respective groups, the occurrence rate of synchronous/metachronous lesions was 38.0% and 20.4% (p < 0.01), the ratio of longitudinal cancer locations (upper/middle/lower third [U/M/L]) was 27/32/27 and 518/993/1,467 (p < 0.01), the ratio of circumferential cancer locations (lesser curvature/greater curvature/anterior wall/posterior wall) was 25/31/12/18 and 1,259/587/475/657 (p < 0.01), the ratio of major macroscopic types (I/IIa/IIb/IIc) was 13/38/5/30 and 65/881/220/1,812 (p < 0.01). The rates of multiple gastric cancer and cancers in the U region, at the greater curvature, and of protruding types were significantly higher in the AIG group. Conclusion: The occurrence rate of multiple gastric cancer was significantly higher in gastric cancer complicating AIG (approximately 40%), and compared with the control group, the proportions of cancers at the U region, at the greater curvature, and of protruding types were significantly higher.
Ensemble learning techniques against structured query language injection attacks
Authors: Odeh Ammar , Taleb Anas Abu
Published: June 2024

Structured query language (SQL) injection threats pose severe risks to web applications, necessitating robust detection measures. This study introduced DSQLIA, employing ensemble learning algorithms-Bagging, Stacking, and AdaBoost classifiers-for SQL injection detection. Results unveiled the bagging classifier's 84% accuracy with perfect precision (100%) but moderate recall (68%). The stacking classifier achieved 85% accuracy, exceptional precision (99%), and balanced memory (72%), yielding an 83% F1-Score. Remarkably, the AdaBoost classifier outperformed, achieving 99% accuracy, high precision (98%), and outstanding recall (99%), leading to a remarkable 99% F1-Score. These findings highlight AdaBoost's superior ability to identify malicious queries with minimal false positives accurately. Overall, this research underscores the potential of ensemble learning in fortifying web application security against SQL injection attacks, emphasizing the AdaBoost classifier's exceptional performance in achieving precise and comprehensive detection.