bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Marine Coastal Water Pollution from Karachi Harbour Pakistan
Authors: Nergis Yasmin , Butt Jawad Abdullah , Sharif Mughal
Published: July 2023

In Pakistan, marine pollution is a major problem that is caused by the waste from industrial, municipal, agronomy, and oil leak sources. The pollutant loads along with the coastline areas near Karachi is received from terrestrial contaminants including discharges from Karachi Harbour located on the estuary of the Lyari river. Karachi generates 472 Million Gallon per Day (MGD) of wastewater out of which only 55 MGD is treated and the rest is discharged in the sea. The prevailing sewage treatment plants are functioning at reduced capacity due to the insufficient transmission capacity of interceptors. Water sampling was carried out from the Lyari River and five different selected coastal point around Karachi harbour for physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals. Results show that the Karachi Harbour area is noticeably polluted, whereas; the coastal environment in the vicinity of Karachi is also under the stress of pollution. High COD and BOD5 values were noticed at the Lyari river samples and the sampling locations close to the Lyari river outfall area. The Pb, Cd, Ni, and Hg heavy metals that pollute marine water are found. This situation is due to the discharge of mixed effluents of industrial and domestic wastes as well as dredging, cargo handling, dumping of ship waste and other coastal activities. The highest value of pollution observed at Karachi Harbour which is near Lyari river mouth, where the domestic and industrial effluents with organic and inorganic wastes have a greater influence on the water quality and the marine environment. At present, there is no effective controlling mechanism for industries to treat their waste, nor has any investigation to assess increasing marine pollution been carried out. As a result, there is an adverse impact on fish habitat and mangroves, corrosion of cargo ships, naval vessels and the residents living in the coastal area. Therefore, the government agencies and industrial sectors should work together to avert marine pollution and attain total environmental sustainability.
The case of the transposition of the São Francisco River, or the environmental practices and indigenist policy of leftist governments in Brazil
Authors: Garcia Loreley Gomes , Wanderley Mayrinne Meira
Published: July 2023

This article presents the results of research whose objective was to evaluate the environmental and cultural impact of the work of the transposition of the São Francisco River, which began in 2007, on Indigenous peoples directly affected by the construction in their territories.We conducted dozens of interviews with the chiefs and leaders of the Truká people, in Cabrobó, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, where the waters of the river were removed for transposition. The discourses reveal that the impact of this work does not only affect the lands and way of life but confronts Truká’s cosmology and representations they have about nature and the supernatural world always being in close connection. From the official developmental perspective, we raise the alternatives presented by those who rejected the construction of this work: the NGOs, social movements, and the Indigenous peoples (riverside fishermen). We understand the construction of the transposition in the context of developmental works of great magnitude, within the framework of a political project that has been unfolding in Brazil over the last decade. Finally, we dismantle the official justifications about the need for the work and raise questions about the real motives that led to the proposal of this megaproject despite popular resistance and technical difficulties that have prevented its inauguration.
Theoretical-experimental method of nonlinear optics: the Z-scan technique
Authors: Rodriguez-Rosales Antonio-Alfonso , Saavedra Omar Guillermo Morales , Estrada Fabiola Cristina Rodríguez , Vargas Juan Antonio Murillo , Moreno Carlos Jesús Román
Published: July 2023

We did this work to help professors and students of physics and engineering in Optics and Lasers courses who require a theoretical-experimental introductory framework to nonlinear optics. We showed in this article the basic principles of the theory, focusing on third-order nonlinear optical phenomena, using the well-known Z-scan technique for its demonstration. For this, we propose the design of a simple experiment that the interested party can do in an optics laboratory. Once the data has been obtained and processed, we implemented a practical method of interpretation of the typical graphs obtained by this technique to carry out the calculations that allow the measurement of the refractive index and the nonlinear absorption coefficient in materials that present these optical properties, as the case exemplified here of nematic liquid crystals doped with an organic dye.
The role of medicinal plants in rheumatoid arthritis-an updated review
Authors: Talukdar Ahmed Jafar , Mani Rupesh Kumar , Malli Ramakantha , Shree Sowmya , Md Fayazuddin
Published: July 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating, persistent autoimmune condition that affects by a variety of endogenous and external causes. It is distinguished by cartilage and bone deterioration. The present traditional allopathic treatment is costly and has negative side effects. Recently, some ethnopharmacological research on RA was published, including anti-RA properties and therapeutic targets of various dosage forms of Traditional Herbal Treatments (THMs). Given the increased herbalists' interest medicines among people suffers from rheumatoid arthritis, further research into their safety and efficacy is needed. The goal of this research was to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the evidence based on the use of herbal medications in the treatment of RA Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs).Different chemical ingredients discovered in various herbal treatments have modest support for lowering pain, sensitive joint count, and stiffness. Herbal remedies were generally considered safe to use. More study is required to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and potential medication interactions of the numerous herbal remedies advocated for RA.
A Review of Chhanda (Meters) Found in Ashtanga Hridaya
Authors: Divyashree K.S  , Yogita Jamdade  , Swati Dhamdhere  , Sangita More (Thombre)  , Chinmay Phadke
Published: July 2023

Sanskrit, the oldest language in the world also called the ‘language of Gods’ not without any reason. It is the language of the four Veda. Chhanda Shastra is one among the six Vedanga. It is an essential component of Sanskrit Literature.
Ayurvedic literature composed thousands of years ago, were written in Sanskrit only. Most of the Ayurveda Acharya were expert in other Shastra like Chhanda, Vyakarana etc. Ashtanga Hridaya written by Acharya Vagbhata is one of the most revered compendia in India and abroad as well. It is also one of the treatises which is translated into many languages. It is in the form of Padya (poem) and hence makes it very popular for recitation and memorization.
Meters or Chhanda are an important and essential part of Sanskrit poetry. It is this part that makes it different from the prose. Chhanda are of many types -important among them are Sama vritta, Ardha sama vritta and Vishama Vritta Chhanda.
In this article, Sama Vritta Chhanda, a type of Akshara Chhanda found in Ashtanga Hridaya are explored and they are explained with examples. There are around 25 types of Sama Vritta Chhanda are found in Ashtanga Hridaya. The knowledge of these Chhanda may help in understanding the sutra better and recitation easier with proper rhythm.
A Survey on Diabetic Subjects to Study the Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidaemia
Authors: Bhardwaj Priyanka  , Chaudhary Vijay  , Chaudhary Minakshi
Published: July 2023

Diabetes has become a major concern for medical feternity being one of the most common disorders and associated with a high mortality and morbidity because of the complications associated, dyslipidemia being one of them. Need of the hour is to study the prevalence, patterns and risk factors associated with the condition of dyslipidemia in diabetes. Materials and methods: A survey study was carried out on 220 subjects visiting the O.P/I.P, Department of Kayachikitsa, Rajiv Gandhi Government Post Graduate Ayurvedic Hospital, Paprola (HP) on a pre-designed questionnaire. Observations and results: Prevalence of dyslipidemia was found to be 92.72% which was on higher side in females (96.92%) as compared to males (86.67%). Mixed diet and lack of physical exercise were also found to be one of the major risk factors. Anthropometric parameters studied in the survey were on higher side as compared to suggested cut off values. Glycemic status of the patients was found to be significantly correlated with S. Cholesterol, S.Triglycerides and VLDL. Conclusions: Present study revealed high prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Diabetic subjects. Thus, awareness should be made in healthcare providers as well as in patients of Diabetes regarding changing the lifestyle, dietary modifications and regular follow ups to offer a better management of the disease.
Clinical Application of Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita in the Present Era
Authors: Pankaj Kaushik  , Ritu
Published: July 2023

From last few decades in health sector of India, role of traditional medicine enhanced whether it is Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani or Yoga. Ayurveda main aim is to maintain the health of the healthy individual and treatment of the ailments. This treatment related concept with their fundamentals were written in stepwise manner and classified in various Sthana. This article highlights the ancient view of Charaka and clinical applications of the concepts embedded in the Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita. Aims and Objectives: To explore the concepts clinical application of Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita in the present era. Material and Methods: The available Samhita mainly Charaka Samhita, with Sanskrit and Hindi commentaries on Vimana Sthana along with the available commentaries. Discussion: According to Acharya Charaka, Vimana Sthana is explained after Nidana Sthana where all the etiological factors are explained properly but still if a physician does not know the measurement and special features of Doshas he will not be able to treat the patient properly. There is total eight chapters in this Sthana having wide variety of topics that a clinician should know before entering into practice. Chapter wise clinical applicability are discussed. Conclusion: Approach to diseases concept by Acharya Charaka in Vimana Sthana is progressive, scientific and applied in clinical application of today’s era also.
An Observational Study of Charakokta Angula Pramana for Standardization of Shirogreevagata Pratyanga
Authors: Bhawana Joshi  , Naresh Kumar  , Sanjay Kumar  , D.C.Singh
Published: July 2023

Ayurveda is a science of life that deals with prevention and cure of diseases. To unscrew the pathology of various diseases, a thorough understanding the structural and functional built of the human physique is inevitable. To achieve such goals there should be knowledge of body (Sharir), body parts (Anga and Pratyanga) and their Pramana (anthropometry). Angula Pramana is determined by measuring the height (Utsedha), length (Ayam), breadth (Vistar) and circumference (Parinah) of Pratyangas. Here finger breadth of the individual (i.e. Swa-Angula) is used as the reference unit of measurement. Anthropometry measurement of the human body means measurement of height and weight where Acharya Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhatt have given different values of human height which is 84 Angula, 120 Angula, 31/2 Hasta respectively. The study was conducted on 200 healthy volunteers in age group of 18-50years. One Angula as a unit of Angula Pramana was obtained by measuring the width of Madhyamparva of middle finger of working hand. The measurements were taken in centimetres for standardization as per metric system. This article summarizes the facts related to Anguli Pramana from classical, Ayurvedic and modern literature along with result of our research work to identify the anatomical landmark of Sheerogreevagata Pratyanga measured through Anguli Pramana and its applied aspect. At present, there are many physical anomalies i.e., genetic, endocrine, congenital, developmental disorders and traumatic injury which results as anatomical disfiguration of Shira and Greeva that can distinguish from their Anguli pramana or anthropometry.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder and its Ayurvedic Management - A Case Report
Authors: Jancy K S  , Jithesh M  , Aparna P M
Published: July 2023

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a condition in which children or adolescents experience ongoing irritability, anger, and frequent, intense temper outbursts. The symptoms of DMDD go beyond a “bad mood.” DMDD symptoms are severe. Youth who have DMDD experience significant problems at home, school, and often with peers. They also tend to have high rates of health care service use, hospitalization, and school suspension, and are more likely to develop other mood disorders. The present case of a 13 year old girl has worsening of mood characterized by irritability, anger, harming parent, crying spells, poor self care, social withdrawal for 12 months. The symptoms were increasing progressively and which badly affected her daily routine activities and school life. Here had never been a distinct period lasting more than one day during which the full symptom criteria, for a manic, hypomanic or a depressive episode had been met. In Ayurveda, the condition was diagnosed as Vathaja Unmada with Pithanubandha based on the symptoms of irritability anger etc. The treatment protocol including Snehapana, Virechana, Vasthi and Nasya was administered. During the treatment period family therapy methods also administered. After the intervention the symptoms were improved.
Ayurvedic Management of Schizophrenia: A Case Report
Authors: Sreeju M P  , Vinod R  , Parvathee Devy M P
Published: July 2023

Schizophrenia is unarguably one of the most devastating mental illnesses, that affect how a person thinks, feels and behaves. This leads to symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behavior and impaired cognitive ability. The life time prevalence of schizophrenia is about 0.7% and requires lifelong management like medications, psychotherapy, and adequate social support. Symptoms of Schizophrenia are similar to that of Unmada mentioned in Ayurveda classics. Ayurveda has proven promising results in reducing the symptoms and improving the quality of life.
This paper deals with a diagnosed case of schizophrenia which can be correlated with Vatika Unmada with Kapha Anubandha based on signs and symptoms. A 38-year-old female patient approached in our OPD and took two courses of treatment in 2021 December and 2022 October with complaints of disturbed sleep, hearing voices, night mares, lack of confidence, inability to make decisions, fear and wandering. The treatment was planned based on the signs and symptoms. Snehapana, Virechana, Vasti and Nasya were done. The symptoms were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). After the treatment the patient had considerable relief in the symptoms.
Pharmaceutico - Analytical Evaluation of Modified Dosage Forms of Gojihwadi Kwatha
Authors: Deepak Kumar Sharma  , Priyanka Sharma  , Rajendra Kumar Sharma  , Shobnath Yadav  , Vijay Shankar Verma
Published: July 2023

Cough is an ongoing problem that affects a large proportion of the human community leading them to seek medical attention. It has been identified as the sixth common reason for hospital outpatient department visits. In classics, descriptions of disease Kasa clearly correlate with bronchitis and its pathophysiology exactly correlates the mechanism of cough reflex. Ayurveda advocates certain remedies to cure and prevent such diseases. Hence the present study has been contemplated to evaluate and verify the effectiveness of the Classical Ayurvedic remedies with special reference to pathogens causing the respiratory tract infections. Among the latest Ayurvedic formulations the Gojihwadi Kwatha which was designed and developed by none other than the famous physician of this era the great Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya has been selected for the study. This present study entitled “Pharmaceutico-analytical evaluation of modified dosage forms of Gojihwadi Kwatha” was carried out with a view to standardize Gojiwadi kwath and prepare its modified forms viz. Gojihwadi syrup, Gojihwadi granules, and Gojihwadi kwath churna. 12kg Gojihwadi kwaath churna was prepared while 6-liter Gojihwadi syrup and 3 kg Gojihwaadi granules were prepared. Gojihwaadi syrup has viscosity of 34.62 cP, total sugar content of 85.07 %w/w, reducing sugar content of 1.42 %w/w, non-reducing sugar content of 83.65%w/w and pesticide residue value within limits of standard parameter. Gojihwadi granules have total sugar of 78.44%w/w, an average particle size of 34.70. Total bacterial count, Total fungal count, and specific pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella spp, S.aureus, and Ps.aeroginosa) were absent in Gojihwadi kwatha churna, Gojihwadi syrup and Gojihwadi granules. So, it can be concluded that all the modified dosage forms of Gojihwadi kwatha are safe to use.
Management of Vataja Grahani with Takra Basti - A Case Study
Authors: Arun G Nair  , Roopa Bhat
Published: July 2023

The fast evolving present era is not only upfront in case of technological developments but also been in top for the manifestation of lifestyle disorders. The origin of almost all the diseases start basically from the food habits itself. The alterations in the gastro - intestinal system will later lead to the development of wide spectrum of diseases. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the common gastrointestinal functional disorders that affects millions of people worldwide. IBS is characterised by a complex group of symptoms including abdominal pain or bloating, diarrhoea and constipation, which can affect the quality of life of an individual. The symptomatologies explained in IBS had been explained under a spectrum of diseases called Grahani. Grahani, according to Ayurvedic classics, is caused by the imbalance of Agni or digestive fire, which leads to the imbalance in the digestion metabolism. Grahani can be effectively treated through the combination of dietary and life style modifications along with Ayurvedic medicines and therapies. The treatment aims nothing but to balance the digestive fire as well as to remove toxins from the body in order to restore proper digestion as well as overall health. Takra basti is known to have a very good efficacy in the management of Grahani roga. A successfully treated Grahani case using Takra basti and Shamana oushadhi’s will be discussed in this article.
Ayurvedic Management of Psoriasis Vulgaris - A Case Report
Authors: Vigna Vyas  , Manish Patel  , S.N.Gupta
Published: July 2023

Psoriasis vulgaris is the commonest form of psoriasis. Ekakustha nearly resembles psoriasis as described in modern medicine. It is characterized by symptoms like - Asvedanam (loss of perspiration), Mahavastu (covered broad area of skin) Matsyashakalopama fish-like shiny lesions). These characteristic features are similar to psoriasis vulgaris. This study explores Ayurvedic management of psoriasis vulgaris. Methods: Lelitaka makshika yoga was prepared with reference in classical text. This is retrospective open label clinical case study. Lelitaka levigated with Amalaki svaras and Makshika bhasma levigated with Gaumutra, both combined with each other and make Lelitaka makshika yoga. Patient was kept on oral administration of Lelitaka makshika yoga vati for 8 weeks. Results: Sign and symptoms were assessed before treatment and after treatment. PASI and DLQI score was assessed before and after treatment. After 8 weeks of treatment scaling, skin thickness, sharply marginated, indurated, erythematous plaque was decrease on trunk, scalp, upper limb and lower limb. Significant improvement in psychological and social behaviour, which improve the quality of life of patients. Positive Auspitz’s and candle grease sign was negative after 8 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Lelitaka -Makshika yoga vati is effective in the management of psoriasis vulgaris. After 8 weeks of observation, it appears Lelitaka -makshika yoga vati can be used to decrease disease progression.
A Pilot Clinical Study on the Efficacy of Sthoulyahara Choornam in the Management of Sthoulya w.s.r. to Obesity
Authors: Jaykrishan Barman  , Suvendu Rout  , Pradeep Kumar Moharana
Published: July 2023

Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated in different parts of the body mainly in the subcutaneous tissues. It hurts health and leads to reduced life expectancy as well as increased health problems. The World Health Organization has identified obesity as a global epidemic. The term “Sthoulya” is described in Ayurveda as “Overweight and Obesity”. This study was undertaken to identify the efficacy of Sthoulyahara Choornam (Anubhuta Yoga of SJSAC & H, which is in use for its in-house patients since 25 years). The ingredients of Sthoulyahara Choornam are mentioned in Charaka Samhita in the treatment of Medoroga. A total of 10 patients of either sex of age group 20-60 years were randomly selected from OPD & IPD of Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Ayurveda College & Hospital, Nazarethpettai, Chennai, 600123. They were treated with Sthoulyahara Choornam in doses of 2mg thrice a day after food with lukewarm water for 30 days (one month). Sthoulyahara Choornam was found to have a significant effect in reducing the symptoms of Medodushti and in the reduction of objective parameters like Bodyweight, B.M.I., skinfold thickness, and lipid profile.
A Comprehensive Management of Dushta Vrana Vis-A-Vis Diabetic Ulcer - A Case Study
Authors: Chaithra H B  , Yatish K H
Published: July 2023

Vrana is a clinical condition which occupies the area of skin and remains till body survives. Dushta Vrana is the Vrana having the features of Durgandha (bad smell), Pooyayukta (pus filled), Utsangi (elevated), Chirakali (chronic), Dooshita (afflicted by Tridosha vitiation), Atigandha Varna Srava (discharge with excessive odour and coloured), Vedanayukta (painful) and opposite to Shuddha Vrana (healing wound). Diabetic foot ulcer global prevalence is 6.3% with male predominancy and higher in type 2 diabetic patients (6.4%) than in type 1 diabetics (5.5%).

In this report, a 70-year-old who was diagnosed with chronic non-healing diabetic wound treated with comprehensive Ayurvedic medicines based on the observations made on the nature of the wound. The main cause for the wound was uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was managed with both Ayurveda and conventional drugs. Patient gradually showed improvement. Total healing required 6 months.
Clinical Evaluation of Two Ayurveda Treatment Regimes in Ekakustha
Authors: Ravindra Kumar  , Arun Gupta
Published: July 2023

Psoriasis is one of the most dreadful dermatological conditions affecting 3.5% of population of the world and in India prevalence of Psoriasis varies from 0.44% to 2.88%. Males and females are equally predisposed and all age groups are affected. Psoriasis is common genetically determined inflammatory skin disorder of unknown cause which in its most usual form is characterized by well demarcated raised red swelling patch that preferentially localize to extensor surfaces, which is compared to Ekakustha. Acharya particularly emphasized Shodhan Chikitsa in the Kushtha treatment because of its repeated relapse. Shodhan therapy has obvious advantages over Shaman therapy because it overcomes repeated relapses. Twenty patients were selected and randomly divide into two groups with 10 patients in each group. In group A Vaman with Krutvedhan followed by Virechana and Basti was given. In group B Vaman with Madanphala followed by Virechana and Basti was given. Comparing the symptomatic improvement in all two groups it was found that average percentage of relief was slightly higher in Group B (Vaman with Madanphala) in comparison to Group A (Vaman with Krutvedhan). The average reduction of PASI score is more in group B. but statistically the difference between the effects of two therapies is insignificant, so it is concluded that Shodhana Karma gives significant results in subjective and objective parameters of Ekakushtha irrespective of the medicine used in Vamana Karma.
Kamu Politikaları Doğrultusunda Devlete Olan Güvenin Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: ÇOBAN Hilmi , YEŞİL Eda
Published: July 2023

Sosyal sermaye, hem sosyolojik hem de ekonomik alanda kullanılan bir kavramdır. Sosyal sermayenin önemli bileşenlerinden biri ise güven kavramıdır. Güven toplumsal ağlardan hem etkilenmekte hem de toplumsal ağları etkilemektedir.Toplumsal güvenin sağlanması açısından bireyler arasındaki güvenle birlikte toplumsal güvenin bir parçası olarak kurumlar arasındaki güvenin sağlanması da önemlidir. Genel olarak yaşam kalitesi “insanların birey ve topluluk olarak istediklerini gerçekleştirebilmeleri” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çünkü, insanoğlunun önemli özelliklerinden birisi her zaman daha iyiye istek duymasıdır. Bu durum bir taraftan gelişmenin temelinde yatmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı kamu politikalarıından yola çıkarak devlete olan güvenin subjektif iyi olma hali (subjective wellbeing) üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektir. Buradan hareketle çalışmada Eurobarometer ve World Economic Outlook verleriyle 2010-2021 döneminde 27 AB ülkesi ve Türkiye için kamu borcu, büyüme, işsizlik, enflasyon ve devlete olan güven değişkenlerinin yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi sıralı probit modeliyle incelenmektedir.
CSR Program Social Return on Investment Analysis Case Study: PT PLN Indonesia Power PLTGU Cilegon OMU
Authors:   School of Business Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Yana Crisda , Nainggolan Yunieta Anny ,   School of Business Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: July 2023

Responsibility and sustainability play a larger role in the activities of global businesses. The practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be used to promote more responsible and sustainable behavior. PT PLN Indonesia Power PLTGU Cilegon OMU is a sub holding of an Indonesian state-owned corporation committed to fostering a responsible and sustainable culture through CSR. The old CSR program in Margasari village, the company’s first ring area, must be replaced because it has come to its exit time. Based on the Social Mapping Document 2022 and interviews, a SWOT analysis is conducted taking into account the current situation of the community. The analysis indicates that a new sewing group named Pujasari could be implemented as the new CSR program in the village of Margasari. Nevertheless, since a CSR program is a social investment, the company must be confident in the program’s future return for the community. This study aims to determine the program’s economic feasibility, Social Return on Investment (SROI) value, variables that may influence SROI achievement, and contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In calculating SROI, the triple bottom line concept will be used, while the economic feasibility will use capital budgeting method. A sensitivity analysis will be conducted to determine the critical variable for achieving SROI. The study demonstrates that the calculation utilizing the triple bottom line concept (considering economic, social, and environmental benefit) over a 5-year project period yields an NPV of IDR 1,988 mio, an IRR of 109%, with a WACC of 13.349%. The program’s SROI is 20.39, indicating that for every IDR 1 invested by the company in this program, IDR 20.39 in social benefit will be generated. Analysis of sensitivity reveals that WACC, the selling price of rags, working productivity, and price of rag primary materials are, in order, the most sensitive variables affecting the project’s SROI value. In addition, the program demonstrates contribution to SDGs 1, 5, 8, 12, and 13.
Behavioral Problems in Children of Different Age Group Due to Lockdown
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Acharya Institute of Allied Health Sciences Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Negi Neha , K Sana Sathyanathan ,   Tutor, Department of Renal Dialysis Technology, Acharya Institute of Allied Health Sciences Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Fathimaa . Fathimaa . ,   BOT, SCOT, Chennai
Published: July 2023

Aim: To determine the behavioral changes among the students attending online class of age 6 to 18 years. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 109 pupils in the age range of 6 to 18 years was conducted. The ASEB Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report were the scales utilized in this study. Parents of students between the ages of 6 and 10 filled out the CBCL form, and students between the ages of 11 and 18 filled out the YSR form. Result: After dividing the sample into the age groups of 6 to 10 and 11 to 12 years, the results indicate a significant difference with a p value of 0.049. The age group of 6 to 10 years had an analytical score that was noticeably lower in terms of behavioral changes (normal: 42.9%, borderline: 55.6%, clinical: 20.0%) than the age group of 11 to 18 years (normal: 57.1%, borderline: 44.4%, clinical: 80.0%). Conclusion: According to this study's findings, students who take online classes exhibit mild behavioral changes before or during the pandemic, and switching from classroom-based to online learning can be very stressful for kids because it deviates from their usual routine and they are not used to the new style of learning. The anxiousness that students may be experiencing should also be acknowledged by parents and teachers.
Financial Literacy in Financial Management and FAS Implementation: AIS as Moderator
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, Jenderal Soedirman University, Riyanto Tri Wijaya Juli , Herwiyanti Eliada ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Jenderal Soedirman University
Published: July 2023

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the drivers of a country's economic activities. However, socialization and training on understanding to be able to do good business management is still lacking. MSME actors often experience difficulties in developing their businesses because they do not have the ability to keep accounting records. Technological developments are increasingly rapid and sophisticated, forcing many businesses to adapt. Increasingly advanced technology is very beneficial for business people to be able to improve performance and get maximum profits. This research was conducted to find out how much influence financial literacy has on financial management and implementation of SAK in MSMEs in the City and Regency of Tegal. In addition, the SIA variable is used as a moderating variable to find out whether SIA can moderate the effect of financial literacy on financial management and implementation of SAK. This research has contributed to the local government regarding the quality and development of MSMEs. As a result of the study's findings, financial management and SAK implementation were both found to be impacted by financial literacy, SIA cannot moderate the relationship of financial literacy to financial management, and SIA cannot moderate the relationship of financial literacy to SAK implementation.
Validity and Reliability of Isometric Muscle Strength using the Powrlink Portable Device
Authors: Shahidi Seyed Houtan , Özkaya İbrahim , Karakaş Çağatay Selçuk , Taşkıran Yavuz , Esformes Joseph I.
Published: July 2023

Background: A muscle strength testing device that is convenient, practical, reliable, and valid is essential in clinical and field settings. Objective: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of measuring isometric muscle strength with the Powrlink handheld dynamometer compared to an established force dynamometer. Method: Sixty-one university students (40 males and 21 females) completed two standardized testing sessions seven days apart. Each session consisted of a familiarization period followed by three peak isometric muscle strength tests. Intraclass correlation (ICC, model: two-way mixture with absolute agreement), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC), and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for intra- and inter-rater reliability were determined. Results: Test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.91) and intertrial reliability (ICC > 0.99) were excellent. No significant differences were observed in peak and mean knee forces and torques between the test and retest, indicating high test-retest reliability. Conclusion: The Powrlink device is portable, convenient, responsive, and cost-effective, has excellent test-retest reliability, and can be used to measure maximal isometric force in the clinic and in the field.
Wenzeni uZuma: A jurisprudential study of the unlawfulness of corruption in Africa
Authors: Mosaka Tshepo Bogosi
Published: July 2023

In response to the multitude of corruption allegations levelled against him, former president Zuma and his supporters typically sing a song called ‘Wenzeni uZuma’ (‘What has Zuma done wrong?’). This paper takes up this question from a jurisprudential (theoretical) point of view; that is, by probing the various senses in which prima facie corrupt conduct can be said to be unlawful in Africa. This question is explored through the application of the conceptual machinery of argumentation theory and criminal law theory. This paper discusses the Feinbergian, positivistic, contractual, legal moralism and the argumentum ad ignorantiam senses in which prima facie corrupt conduct can be said to be unlawful. It is then argued that prima facie corrupt conduct should most appropriately be conceived of as being unlawful in the contractual sense that a designated official diverts a particular benefit away from a de jure beneficiary and towards a de faco beneficiary.
Comment: Loyiso Coko v S (CA&R 219/2020) [2021] ZAECGHC 91 (8 October 2021): Oblique subscription to rape myths as an indication of the urgent need to reform the mens rea test in acquaintance rape cases in South Africa
Authors: Roux Mispa
Published: July 2023

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Recent Case: General principles and specific offences
Authors: Hoctor Shannon
Published: July 2023

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Recent Case: Law of Evidence
Authors: Visser Jo-Marí
Published: July 2023

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Recent Case: Sentencing
Authors: Terblanche Stephan
Published: July 2023

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Outcome of Long Segment Posterior Spinal Stabilization Incorporating the Fractured Vertebra for Unstable Thoraco-Lumbar Junctional Brust Fracture
Authors:   Professor & Division Head of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Islam Anowarul , Saha Suvradev ,   Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Siddique Naiemuzzaman ,   Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of long segment posterior spinal stabilization incorporating the fractured vertebra with posterolateral fusion for unstable thoraco-lumbar junctional brust fracture. Background: Thoracolumbar junction is the commonest site of traumatic spinal injury. Now a days, it is managed surgically most of the time because it is often associated with the spinal cord injury. Its mode of surgical management is a field of controversy. Huge debate is still going on between the superiority of long & short segment stabilization. In this study, we evaluated the outcome of long segment posterior spinal stabilization incorporating the fractured vertebra Materials & Method: This prospective interventonal study included 30 case of thoraco-lumbar junctional unstable brust fractures was carried out in the Spine unit of Orthopaedic surgery department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka and other private hospital in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, from January 2016 to July 2022. All the patients with positive clinical findings, X-ray, MRI & CT scan findings and underwent long segment posterior spinal stabilization incorporating the fractured vertevra with posterolateral fusion. Average follow-up period was 12 months. Pre & Post-operatively, neurological assessment was done by the ASIA Impairment Score, improvement of pain control by VAS score, fusion rate by Bridwell’s criteria, Kyphotic angle was measured by Cobb’s angle measurement method & Overall functional assessment by modified Odom’s score. Results: Total number of patients was 30. Average age was 34 years (range 21- 47). ASIA score improved from B to C in 5 patients, B to D in 5 patients, C to D in 8 patients , C to E in 3 patients, patients, D to E in 7 patients. 2 patient did not improved following surgery. Fusion was achieved in 29 patients & 1 patient developed pseudoarthrosis. Pre & Post- operative VAS score was 7.30±1.9 & 3.3±1.8 respectively. The average kyphotic correction was 15 ∞. In our series, we have no bedridden patients after surgery. There was no radiographic progression after surgery. Conclusion: Early treatment within 21 days of injury with long segment posterior spinal stabilization incorporating the fractured vertevra with posterolateral fusion is a very effective surgical procedure with preservation of the motion segment to treat unstable thoracolumbar junctional brust fracture.
MÜELLİFİ BİLİNMEYEN MANZUM BİR SÂ’ATNÂME: ESRÂR-I EYYÂM
Authors: CAN EMMEZ Berivan , SÜSLÜ Zahir
Published: July 2023

Teknoloji ve tekniğin gelişmediği dönemlerde insanlar evlenmek, ekip biçmek, sefere çıkmak, savaşmak, sulh etmek gibi birey ve toplum hayatını belirleyen önemli olay ve durumların akıbetini öğrenmek için çeşitli yollara başvurmuşlardır. Bu merak duygusu ve yapılacak eylemlerin iyi sonuçlar doğurması yönündeki arzu insanları çeşitli yollara sevk etmiştir. Bunun neticesi olarak özellikle Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, hadîs-i şerîf ve muteber kimselerin eserlerinden delil çıkarılarak bir takım kılavuz eserler yazılmıştır. Melhameler, tabiatnâmeler, falnâmeler, tabirnâmeler, yıldıznâmeler, seğirnâmeler (ihtilacnâmeler), kıyafetnâmeler, sâ’atnâmeler bu eserlerden bazılarıdır.

Bu çalışmanın konusu; Milli Kütüphane Yazmalar Koleksiyonu 06 Mil Yz A 4077/3 demirbaşta kayıtlı, Esrâr-ı Eyyâm isminde bir sâ’atnâmedir. 106 beyitten müteşekkil olan eser, mesnevi nazım şekliyle yazılmış olup yazarı meçhuldür. Çalışmada, eserin künye bilgileri ile birlikte şekil özellikleri ve muhtevası, dil ve üslup özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilip Latin harfli çevirisi aktarılmıştır.
ANALYSIS OF NEEDS AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE FARMER GROUP EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM IN THE USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN KALISAT DISTRICT, JEMBER REGENCY
Authors: Argarisma Feni , Kustiari Tanti , Muksin Muksin
Published: July 2023

Procurement of organic fertilizers is one of the efforts that can be made to restore soil organic matter to increase the production value of the agricultural sector in Jember Regency. Issues about the environment and low soil organic nutrient content also occur in Jember District, especially in Kalisat District, which causes the importance of applying organic fertilizers. The importance of using organic fertilizers requires the participation of farmer groups to be more empowered in producing and using organic fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the needs and constraints faced to develop a strategy for developing a farmer group empowerment program in the use of organic fertilizers in the Kalisat subdistrict, regency Jember. This research is classified as a qualitative research which aims to analyze the key factors in the farmer group empowerment program. The results showed that in the elements of program needs there were two needs which were key factors, namely organic farming production facilities and local government policies. In the element of constraint there are two key obstacles namely the low knowledge of farmers and the limitations of organic fertilizer processing tools and machines. The resulting strategy is in the form of: 1) Addition of organic farming production facilities. 2) Alignment of local government policies by adding programs to promote the use of organic fertilizers in Jember Regency in the main program of Jember Mandiri. 3) Increase farmer's knowledge related to the manufacture of organic fertilizers through counseling.
Isolation and Characterization of Proteolytic Enzyme Produced from Fungi
Authors: Agu, K.C. Agu, K.C. , Umeoduagu, N.D. Umeoduagu, N.D. , Victor-Aduloju A.T. Victor-Aduloju A.T. , Uwanta L.I. Uwanta L.I. , Adepeju, D.M. Adepeju, D.M. , Udenweze, E.C. Udenweze, E.C. , Awari, V.G. Awari, V.G. , Chidubem-Nwachinemere, N.O. Chidubem-Nwachinemere, N.O. , Nwosu, J.C. Nwosu, J.C. , Udeh, K.C. Udeh, K.C.
Published: July 2023

Protease is an enzyme that conducts proteolysis and receives high attention as the most important enzyme in many industries. The enzymes find applications in waste treatment, bioremediation processes, detergents, and the leather industry. However, the search for microbial sources of novel proteases in nature is a promising area of interest for researchers. In the present research work, protease-producing microorganisms were isolated from soil samples collected from two different locations in UNIZIK, from the surface and at depths of 15 cm. The isolated organisms were screened for their protease-generating abilities by using the skim milk agar experiment. The isolates that gave high positive results in screening were identified as Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. by analysing the colonies morphology and using the lacto-phenol cotton blue (LPCB) staining technique. Of these isolates, Aspergillus sp. that was isolated from the soil surface demonstrated the highest protease activity, as indicated by the clear zone around the colony that was incubated at room temperature for 96 hours. The results showed that among the isolates, two fungi had great potential to be used for the production of protease enzymes and upscaled for industrial production.
Production of Mycological Media using Local Raw Inedible Materials
Authors: Agu, K.C. Agu, K.C. , Adepeju, D.M. Adepeju, D.M. , Umeoduagu, N.D. Umeoduagu, N.D. , Uwanta L.I. Uwanta L.I. , Udenweze, E.C. Udenweze, E.C. , Ozoh, C.N. Ozoh, C.N. , Awari, V.G. Awari, V.G. , Chidubem-Nwachinemere, N.O. Chidubem-Nwachinemere, N.O. , Nwosu, J.C. Nwosu, J.C. , Ojinnaka, P.E. Ojinnaka, P.E. , Okonkwo, A.C. Okonkwo, A.C.
Published: July 2023

The use of local inedible raw materials in the formulation of mycological laboratory medium which is cost effective was carried out using brewer’s spent grain (BSG) samples gotten from Intafact Breweries Onitsha, Anambra state. The BSG was mixed with 5g of cow blood, 20g of Ede mmuo (Caladium bicolor), 5g of Fiofio, and 20g of agar agar as a gelling agent. The other media was prepared with the same materials but without agar agar. The formulated media was inoculated with Aspergillus niger as the test fungus. The two different media were compared for gowth diameter. The fungal organism grew faster on agar agar medium with wider colony diameter. On agar-agar medium, the length on the first day for the four plates were 1cm each. Second day for the four plates include; plate 1(15.0mm), plate 2(20.0mm), plate 3(10mm), and plate 4(15mm). Third day include; plate 1(30mm), plate 2(40mm), plate 3(32mm), and plate 4(35mm). Fourth day include; plate 1(60mm), plate 2(50mm), plate 3(35mm), and plate 4(60mm). Non agar-agar medium, the length on the first day for the four plates were 3mm each. Second day for the four plates include; plate 1(10.0mm), plate 2(11.0mm), plate 3(11.0mm), and plate 4(10.0mm). Third day include; plate 1(12.0mm), plate 2(14.0mm), plate 3(13.0mm), and plate 4(13.0mm). Fourth day include; plate 1(15.0mm), plate 2(16.0mm), plate 3(14.0mm), and plate 4(15.0mm).
GENERAL SURVEY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE, SANITATION PRACTICES, AND COMMON ILLNESSES OF SITIO SAN ROQUE: A BASELINE BASIS FOR COMMUNITY SERVICE INTERVENTION
Authors: GLERRIE JOY AYESSA D. O’TOOLE GLERRIE JOY AYESSA D. O’TOOLE , ROZELLE MAE V. SULAPAS ROZELLE MAE V. SULAPAS , GRACE L. ANCIANO GRACE L. ANCIANO , NIKKO T. EDERIO NIKKO T. EDERIO , SR. MARIE ROSANNE MALLILLIN, SPC SR. MARIE ROSANNE MALLILLIN, SPC , SR. SAHLEE PALIJO, SPC SR. SAHLEE PALIJO, SPC , KRISTAL LIZA BESARIO KRISTAL LIZA BESARIO
Published: July 2023

This descriptive quantitative study described the socio-economic profile, sanitation practices, and common illnesses among the 78 households in Sitio San Roque of Barangay Ipil, Surigao City. Using the existing and established survey instrument of St. Paul University Surigao, pertinent pieces of information were gathered from the residents. This would then serve as the basis of St. Paul University Surigao in making or improving its Community Development Services Programs and Interventions. The data were then arranged using Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution. It was shown that the greater proportion of respondents is between 9-17 years old, practicing Roman Catholicism, female, and single. In terms of housing information, 20.50% of the households were constructed using strong materials such as galvanized iron, aluminum, tile, concrete, brick, stone, wood, or asbestos. 52.60% of the households reported owning both house and lot, having electricity through a main connection, using LPG for cooking, and having at most 2 bedrooms. As to sanitation practices and common illnesses, most of the households and residents have water-sealed toilets and rely on their own faucet as a primary water source, Moreover, backache and hypertension are the most common illnesses of residents in the sitio. Most of the residents also were observed to have their own chickens, have practiced proper waste segregation, and have burned garbage as their way of disposal. Lastly, most of the population is unemployed and has a monthly income of around 3,499 pesos only. It was recommended that the primary focus of the Sitio and their donors or community servers will be on health and sanitation practices and community-based economic education when coming up with community outreach programs.
CONTRIBUTION OF RECURRENCE GRAPHS IN THE PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS
Authors: Do Prado Cardoso de Souza Ana Paula , Fernandes de Godoy Moacir , Maria Ferraz da Silva Leda
Published: July 2023

This study evaluated heart rate variability (HRV) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with the aid of recurrence charts. This is a quantitative, qualitative, prospective and longitudinal study and the selected patients were divided into survivors group and death group. Time series of heart pulses were used with the Polar Advanced RS800CX frequency meter for 30 minutes. The analysis of the recurrence data used the following selected parameters: dimension = 2, delay = 2, radius = 70, line = 2 and as color scheme the Volcano. The classic variables of the recurrence plots were selected: ApEn, SamPEn, Alpha 1, % Recurrence, Det%, Laminarity, TT and LDmax. The continuous quantitative variables with Gaussian distribution were treated with the aid of Fischer's exact test and unpaired Student t test, and p values < 0.05 were considered significant. The time series data of heart pulses were filtered and later analyzed with the software Kubios HRV Analysis.and the software Visual Recurrence Analysis. A total of 92 patients were considered, with the group of deaths consisting of 32 patients and the group of survivors by 60. indicating greater linearity (greater impairment of homeostasis). The analysis of HRV with the aid of recurrence charts allowed the differentiation of health states, and may act as a marker of severity and death.