bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating and Forecasting Volatility of Financial Time Series in Pakistan with GARCH-type Models
Authors: Pasha G.R. , Qasim Tahira , Aslam Muhammad
Published: July 2019

In this paper we compare the performance of different GARCH models such as GARCH, EGARCH, GJR and APARCH models, to characterize and forecast financial time series volatility in Pakistan. The comparison is carried out by comparing symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models with normal and fat-tailed distributions for the innovations, over short and long forecast horizons. The forecasts are evaluated according to a set of statistical loss functions. Daily data on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) 100 index are analyzed. The empirical results demonstrate that the use of asymmetry in the GARCH models and the assumption of fat-tail distributions for the innovations improve the volatility forecasts. Overall, EGARCH fits the best while the GJR model, with both normal and non-normal innovations, seems to provide superior forecasting ability over short and long horizons.
Reforming the Government in Pakistan: Rationale, Principles and Proposed Approach
Authors: Husain Ishrat
Published: July 2019

Though government reforms are viewed as important for most developing countries, the rationale for these reforms must be clearly understood if they are to be correctly designed and implemented. From an international perspective, government reforms in Pakistan must be developed to integrate Pakistan into a larger global economy and should be based on the lessons learned from other developing countries. From the domestic perspective, reforms are necessary for the Pakistani government to adapt to the changing domestic environment. The reforms must focus broadly on the Federal, Provincial and District governments, on civil service reform and on business process re-engineering. This paper details the rationale for government reform in Pakistan, focuses on critical areas of reform, and provides a framework for the proposed reform approach.
Doha Round Baggage: Implications for Economic Reforms in
Pakistan and other Southern Countries
Authors: Zia Khan Naheed
Published: July 2019

This study is based on the premise that agriculture remains the key
issue in all reform efforts of Pakistan and the Doha Round of trade talks has
strategic significance for the second round of the country’s farm sector
reforms. It is argued that although there are differences among the individual
developing countries, the majority have a comparative advantage in
agricultural production and removing farm sector export subsidies and tradedistorting,
domestic subsidies is their common concern. Evidence is provided
to support the view that the Uruguay Round negotiations on agricultural
subsidies are not a done deal, because although signed by the members, the
Agreement on Agriculture is not ‘ratified’ by the recent farm bills of the
developed countries which continue to defy economic logic and the WTO
(World Trade Organization).
PENGARUH METODE LAMA WAKTU PEMASAKAN SAGU SEP DAGING RUSA (Cervus timorensis) DENGAN CARA PENGUKUSAN DAN PENGOVENAN TERHADAP SUSUT MASAK DAN SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK
Authors: Dewi Bonita Praptiwi , Muchlis Dirwan , Ike Irine Ike , Lesik Maria M Nay Nadu
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this to determine the cooking loss and organoleptic test of deer meat sago sep (Cervus timorensis) with different of cooking time. This research used a complete randomized design (RAK) which consists, 3 treatment and 3 replication. The treatment were I- C1 (cooking time for 40 minutes), treatment II-C2 (cooking time for 60 minutes) and treatment III-C3 (cooking time for 80 minutes). The parameters measured were cooking loss and organoleptic test on the aroma, color, flavor, texture and receptivity. The result of this research is cooking loss of steaming and baking on treatment C1 is better  average 13,11 and 5,65 ,however based on organoleptic test, the treatment C3 preferred by panelis. The cooking time on steaming and baking give a aroma, color, flavor, texture and acceptance significant effect (P<0,05)
STUDI KASUS CACING NEMATODA (NEMATODIASIS) PADA SAPI DI DISTRIK SEMANGGA KABUPATEN MERAUKE
Authors: Kahol Imran , Saiya Heny V , Fanggindae Dance
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi jenis penyakit parasit cacing golongan nematoda yang ada pada ternak sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) di Distrik Semanga Kabupaten Merauke  dengan waktu 1 bulan mulai dari bulan Februari sampai dengan bulan Maret 2015. Studi Kasus Penyakit Cacing Nematoda pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) sangat tinggi di Distrik Semangga.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan dari gejala klinis dan hasil pemeriksaan di laborotorium, jenis-jenis cacing dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan infeksi Cacing Nematode (nematodiasis) di Distrik Semangga. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 200 ekor sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) terdiri dari jantan dan betina produktif. Metode pemeriksaan tinja digunakan metode Native dan Centrifuge. Hasil penelitian menujukkan di Distrik Semangga terlihat tingginya infeksi cacing golongan nematoda (Trichostrongylus sp )  yaitu 86 % dari jumlah Sampel, dan faktor penyebabnya yaitu faktor iklim dan pola pemeliharaan
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BAHAN PENGISI (FILLER) TEPUNG KELADI (Colocasia esculenta) PADA PEMBUATAN NUGGET AYAM TERHADAP UJI ORGANOLEPTIK
Authors: Suartini Suartini , Indriastuti A. Tenny Damayanti , Saiya Heny V
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to the effect as filler of chicken nugget on organoleptik or hedonik test. This research was conducted in the laboratory of animal sains in MusamusUniversity, Merauke. This study used a Randomized Complete Design Method (RAL) by using the 3 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatment combit A1 (10,5% wheat flour : 4,5% taro flour), A2 (7,5% wheat flour : 7,5% taro flour), A3 (4,5% wheat flour : 10,5% taro flour). The parameters were observed in this study consists colour, aroma, texture, flavour. The result showed that treatment A1 more preferable onflavour and texture.
STUDI KASUS PENYAKIT CACING Trichostrongylus Sp PADA SAPI DI DISTRIK SEMANGGA KABUPATEN MERAUKE
Authors: Kahol Imran , Saiya Henny V , Fanggindae Dance
Published: July 2019

This study revealed the type of parasitic worm disease in Ongole Peranakan (PO) cattle in Semanga District of Merauke Regency with a period of 1 month starting from February to March 2015. Study of Trichostrongylus Sp Worm Disease in Cow Ongole Breeds (PO) is very high in the District Semangga. The samples taken in this study were 200 Ongole Breeds (PO) consisting of productive males and females. The fecal examination method uses the Original and Centrifuge methods. The results of the study showed that in Semangga District nematode worm infection results (Trichostrongylus sp) The number of worm cases in bulls was 85 (42%) and in females as many as 87 tails (43.5%)

Keywords: Merauke; Ongole Cross Breeds (PO); Trichostrongylus sp
PENGARUH BERBAGAI JENIS ALGA MIKRO PADA PERTUMBUHAN LARVA PLUTEUS BULU BABI Echinometra mathaei TIPE A HASIL FERTILISASI BUATAN
Authors: Alamrie Muhlis , Lalita John A. , Kaligis Erly
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini didesain untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh dari pakan alga mikro berbeda terhadap karakteristik pertumbuhan larva pluteus Echinometra mathaei. Sampel E. mathaei diambil dari perairan pantai Tongkaina. Tahap fertilisasi buatan dilakukan dengan mengambil masing-masing 1 ml sel telur dan sel sperma. Larva bulu babi diberi perlakuan 3 jenis alga mikro yakni N. oculata (3 x 106 sel/m), Tetraselmis sp. (l,2 x 106 sel/ml)., dan Prochloron sp. (1 x 106 sel/ ml) selama 70 jam. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 10 jam dengan mengambil 5 individu dari tiap petri. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan analisis ragam satu arah, mengindikasikan bahwa perlakuan berbagai pakan alga mikro mempengaruhi pertumbuhan panjang lengan anterolateral larva. Perlakuan alga mikro N. oculata memberi pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan panjang lengan anterolateral daripada perlakuan alga mikro lain.
Struktur Komunitas Moluska Di Vegetasi Mangrove Desa Kulu, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Authors: Rau Arnol R. , Kusen Janny D. , Paruntu Carolus P.
Published: July 2019

Di daerah mangrove terdapat biota akuatik yang hidup berasosiasi dengan mangrove antara lain moluska, krustasea dan ikan. Moluska sangat banyak ditemukan pada daerah mangrove di Indonesia. Jenis-jenis moluska ini ada yang menempati akar dan ada juga yang mendiami batang mangrove antara lain famili Littorinidae dan yang menempati daerah lumpur di dasar akar antara lain famili Ellobiidae dan Pottamidae. Tujuan dari pernelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidenifikasi moluska yang berasosiasi dengan vegetasi mangrove; mendeskripsikan struktur komunitas melalui analisa nilai indeks keanekaragaman, kekayaan jenis, kepadatan, frekuensi, dominasi dan indeks nilai penting. Metode yang digunakan yakni, metode kuadran, dengan cara meletakan lima buah kuadran 1 x 1 meter pada masing-masing stasiun. Terdapat 11 spesies dari 8 famili yaitu, Littoraria scabra, Nerita planospira, Chicoreus capucinus, Nerita undata, Chrithidea cingulata, Terebralia sulcata, Telecopiun telescopium, Polymesoda expansa, Isognomon ephippium, Saccostrea cucculata, Anomalocardia squamosa. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman yaitu 2,060, nilai indeks kekayaan yakni 2,387, kepadatan 0,660 ind/m², frekuensi kemunculan bervariasi antara 0,067-0,667, nilai indeks dominasi yakni 0,152 dan indeks nilai penting tertinggi yakni Littoraria scabra 75,67 dan terendah terdapat 3 spesies yakni Polymesoda expansa, Saccostrea cucculata dan Anomalocardia squamosa dengan nilai indeks 3,54.
Struktur Komunitas Plankton Di Perairan Pulau Bangka Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Authors: Usman Muhamad Shabir , Kusen Janny D. , Rimper Joice R. T. S. L.
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Pulau Bangka, Kecamatan Likupang Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Pengambilan sampel plankton dilakukan pada 6 (enam) titik dengan 2 (dua) kedalaman berbeda yaitu pada lapisan permukaan dan kedalaman 10 meter yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2012. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan plankton net dengan penarikan secara horizontal dan  vertikal. Proses pengawetan plankton menggunakan formalin 4%, selanjutnya proses identifikasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plankton yang ditemukan di perairan Pulau Bangka pada dua titik kedalaman terdiri dari 6 genera dari 5 ordo yaitu ordo Gonyaulacales 1 genus, ordo Bacillariales 1 genus, ordo Centrales 2 genus, dan ordo Oscillatoriales 1 genus, Penales 1 genus. Jenis plankton yang ditemukan pada setiap stasiun menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua daur hidupnya adalah holoplankton, plankton dari jenis diatom adalah yang banyak ditemukan. Indeks nilai penting yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil analisis pada lapisan permukaan adalah Pseudoenotis doliolus dengan nilai tertinggi yaitu 86,017 dan jenis Skeletonema sp, memiliki nilai penting tertinggi di kedalaman 10 meter dengan nilai 88,627. Keanekaragaman plankton di perairan Pulau Bangka menunjukkan suatu bentuk keanekaragaman yang sedang. Dominansi plankton di perairan Pulau Bangka menunjukkan suatu bentuk dominansi rendah.
Struktur Komunitas Karang dan Biota Asosiasi pada Kawasan Terumbu Karang di Perairan Desa Minanga Kecamatan Malalayang II dan Desa Mokupa Kecamatan Tombariri
Authors: Tuhumena Jeremias R. , Kusen Janny D. , Paruntu Carolus P.
Published: July 2019

Tujuan studi yaitu untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas biota karang dan biota asosiasi di kawasan terumbu karang. Data tutupan karang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode LIT (Line Intercept Transect) sedangkan untuk biota asosiasi diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuadran. Penelitian dilakukan  pada dua lokasi yaitu di Desa Minanga Kecamatan Malalayang II dan Desa Mokupa Kecamatan Tombariri Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.  Hasil yang diperoleh pada dua lokasi menunjukkan persentase tutupan karang yang sangat rendah.  Biota pada Desa Minanga dan Desa Mokupa memiliki keanekaragaman sedang.  Untuk kesamaan komunitas Ascidian dan Alga ditemukan sama, sedangkan Spons, Ekinodermata, Moluska serta Ikan berbeda pada kedua lokasi.  Nilai Frekuensi biota pada Desa Minanga memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu Ascidian yang terendah yaitu Krustasea dan Alga sedangkan nilai frekuensi pada Desa Mokupa memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu Ascidian dan yang terendah yaitu Polikaeta dan Alga.  Kepadatan Ascidian, Spons dan Moluska memiliki nilai tertinggi, sedangkan nilai terendah yaitu Ekinodermata, Krustasea dan Alga di Desa Minanga, sedangkan kepadatan Moluska memiliki nilai tertinggi sedangkan Ascidian, Spons, Alga dan Polikaeta memiliki nilai terendah di Desa Mokupa.
Komparasi Struktur Komunitas Lamun Di Bantayan Kota Dumaguete Filipina Dan Di Tanjung Merah Kota Bitung Indonesia
Authors: Sauyai Anas Niko Robetson , Wagey Billy Theodorus , Gerung Grevo Soleman
Published: July 2019

Lamun adalah tumbuhan berbiji tunggal (monokotil) dari kelas Angiospermae.Tumbuhan ini telah menyesuaikan diri untuk hidup terbenam di dalam laut. Lamun terdiri dari rhizome atau rhizoma (batang terbenam atau akar rimpang), daun  dan akar. Perairan Bantayan, Kota Dumaguete dan perairan Tanjung Merah berbeda letak geografis, tetapi sama-sama memiliki padang lamun, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian dalam rangka menyediakan informasi ilmiah mengenai padang lamun tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur komunitas lamun di kedua perairan tersebut. Pengambilan data dilakukan di daerah padang lamun kedua lokasi penelitian dengan luas masing-masing area 50 x 100 atau 5000 m2 (0,5 Ha) dengan menggunakan kuadran 50 x 50 cm pada 3 line transek.Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 8 spesies lamun di perairan Bantayan sedangkan di perairan Tanjung Merah diperoleh 7 spesies. Nilai kepadatan lamun di perairan Bantayan yaitu 0,4448 sedangkan di perairan Tanjung Merah adalah 0,3464 (kepadatan tertinggi di perairan Bantayan). Luas tutupan lamun di perairan Bantayan 0,00378 % sedangkan di perairan Tanjung Merah 0,00372 %. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) lamun di perairan Bantayan yaitu 0,8574 sedangkan di Tanjung Merah 0,7074, dari hasil ini menujukkan bahwa keanekaragaman lamun di perairan Bantayan lebih tinggi dari perairan Tanjung Merah.
Distribusi Vertikal Karang Batu (Scleractinia) Di Perairan Desa Kalasey, Kabupaten Minahasa
Authors: Lasano Willy Fredy , Kaligis Fontje Georis , Kusen Janny Dirk
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan distribusi vertikal karang scleractinia di perairan Desa Kalasey.Jumlah spesies yang ditemukan pada lereng terumbu berjumlah 48 dan pada rataan terumbu 38.Jumlah koloni pada lereng terumbu berjumlah 190 dan pada rataan terumbu 133.Spesies Porites lobata memiliki kepadatan relatif tertinggi pada lereng terumbu dan Favites halicora pada rataan terumbu, masing-masing dengan nilai 20%. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman menunjukkan keanekaragaman tinggi pada lereng terumbu (3,12) dan keanekaragaman sedang pada rataan terumbu (2,95). Secara umum, kedua loaksi tersebut memiliki pola penyebaran seragam. Hasil indeks kemerataan pada lereng terumbu 0,80 dan rataan terumbu 0,81. Kedua nilai tersebut digolongkan pada komunitas yang stabil.
Karakteristik Fosfat, Nitrat dan Oksigen Terlarut di Perairan Selat Lembeh, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Patty Simon I
Published: July 2019

Penelitian tentang karakteristik fosfat, nitrat dan oksigen terlarut telah dilaksanakan di perairan Selat Lembeh, Sulawesi Utara Juli 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji karakteristik dan sebaran fosfat, nitrat dan oksigen terlarut di perairan Selat Lembeh. Fosfat dan nitrat dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri, sedangkan oksigen terlarut ditentukan dengan metoda elektrokimia. Hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji-t menunjukkan bahwa kadar fosfat dan nitrat di lapisan permukaan dengan dekat dasar adalah berbeda nyata. Kadar oksigen terlarut tidak berbeda nyata antara lapisan permukaan dengan dekat dasar. Tinggi rendahnya kosentrasi fosfat, nitrat dan oksigen terlarut di perairan Selat Lembeh dipengaruhi oleh arus, pergerakan massa air, aktiﬁtas plankton dan masukkan dari daratan. Kadar fosfat, nitrat dan oksigen terlarut di perairan Selat Lembeh masih tergolong normal dan baik untuk kehidupan biota laut.
karakteristik pertumbuhan populasi rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis) tanpa pemberian aerasi dan mikroalga sebagai pakan pada media kadar garam berbeda
Authors: Fembri Fransiskus , Kaligis Erly , Rumengan Inneke
Published: July 2019

Rotifer sangat populer sebagai biokapsul bagi larva fauna laut, karena menjadi pentransfer nutrien, mikromolekul, asam amino dan asam lemak tak jenuh tingkat tinggi, mineral, vitamin dan antibiotik dari lingkungan hidup ke larva tanpa efek polutan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah percobaan kultur rotifer dalam kondisi laboratorium  dengan menggunakan media kadar garam berbeda (20, 25, 30 dan 35 ppt). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan populasi dan proporsi betina rotifer yang membawa telur pada setiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan laju pertumbuhan populasi tertinggi pada kadar garam 20 ppt menghasilkan peningkatan pertumbuhan populasi tertinggi pada hari ke-3 yaitu 0,66 sedangkan pada kadar garam lainnya yaitu 25 ppt, 30 ppt, dan 35 ppt nilai r yang diperoleh adalah 0,45 ; 0,26 ; 0,22.  Berdasarkan proporsi betina yang membawa telur hasil tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan kadar garam 20 ppt yaitu 56.7% pada hari pertama, kemudian pada hari selanjutnya terjadi penurunan. Pada perlakuan kadar garam 20 ppt penurunan terjadi karena pertumbuhan populasi yang tinggi tidak disertai dengan jumlah individu yang membawa telur, sehingga pertumbuhan pada kadar garam 35 ppt lebih tinggi mulai pada hari ke-2 hingga hari ke-5.
Identifikasi molekuler sirip ikan hiu yang didapat dari pengumpul sirip di Minahasa
Authors: Mopay Maratade , Wullur Stenly , Kaligis Erly
Published: July 2019

Hiu adalah jenis ikan yang sangat rentan terhadap penangkapan secara berlebihan karena umumnya ikan ini memiliki pertumbuhan yang lambat dan tingkat reproduksi yang rendah.  Tingginya aktifitas perdagangan sirip ikan hiu menjadi masalah serius dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sirip ikan hiu yang didapat dari pengumpul sirip di Tanawangko, Minahasa berdasarkan karakter nukleotida gen COI (Cytcrochrome oxidase subunit I).  Metode ekstraksi DNA dilakukan mengikuti prosedur Dneasy Blood & Tissue Kit qiagen, amplifikasi gen COI menggunakan primer                              Forward FishBCL5 (TCAACYAATCAYAAAGATATYGGCAC) dan Reverse HCO2198 (TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCA AAAAATCA), sekuens dianalisa menggunakan ABsequence3 dan MEGA ver6, identifikasi spesies dilakukan menggunakan BLAST yang terintegrasi di laman GanBank.  Sebanyak 4 potong sirip hiu dari individu berbeda berhasil didapatkan dari pengumpul sirip di Tanawangko, Minahasa. Hasil BLAST menunjukan bahwa ke 4 sirip tersebut berasal dari spesies hiu; Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus sorrah, dan Carchahinus brevipina
Persentase tutupan dan struktur komunitas mangrove di sepanjang pesisir Taman Nasional Bunaken bagian utara
Authors: Anthoni Annice , Schaduw Joshian , Sondak Calvyn
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung persentase tutupan mangrove dan mengetahui struktur komunitas mangrove. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sepanjang pesisir Taman Nasional Bunaken bagian Utara. Metode  yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini  yaitu metode line transect dan metode hemisperichal photography. Data hasil penelitian ditemukan 6 jenis mangrove yaitu Sonneratia alba, Avicennia officinalis, Avecennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata dan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza yang termasuk dalam 4 famili Sonneratiaceae, Avicenniaceae, Rhizophoraceae dan juga Bruguieraceae. Nilai tutupan kanopi mangrove yang tertinggi pada stasiun 2 (Meras)  di transek 2 mencapai nilai 82,78% dan yang terendah pada stasiun 1 (Molas)  di transek 1 yaitu 61,24%.
Analisis antibakteri alga Padina australis Hauck di Perairan Teluk Totok dan Perairan Blongko
Authors: Puasa Elsian , Mantiri Desy , Rumengan Antonius
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan bioaktivitas antibakteri pada alga Padina australis Hauck di Perairan Teluk Totok dan Perairan Blongko. Alga P. australis Hauck  adalah makro alga yang termasuk dalam golongan alga coklat (Phaeophyta), hidup melekat pada substrat keras. Lokasi pertama pengambilan sampel yaitu Teluk Totok di Minahasa Tenggara merupakan muara dari sungai Totok, tempat  buangan  limbah hasil pengolahan emas. Lokasi kedua Perairan Blongko Minahasa Selatan merupakan perairan yang relative bersih. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis antibakteri adalah metode resazurin. Metode ini adalah menguji oksidasi reduksi. Indikator resazurin, warna biru dalam kondisi teroksidasi akan berubah menjadi resofurin warna merah muda. Metode ini digunakan untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambatan Minimum. Nilai yang diperoleh, dianalisis melalui Spektofotometer Multiskan-Go. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa alga P. australis Hauck dari Perairan Teluk Totok, mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri gram positif Staphylococcus aureus pada plate sumur pertama sampai sumur ketiga dengan nilai konsentrasi hambatan/MIC 1210,0 ppm. Demikian juga alga dari Perairan Teluk Totok terdapat aktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri gram negatif Escherichia coli, pada plate sumur pertama dengan nilai konsentrasi hambatan/MIC 4840,0 ppm. Sedangkan pada alga P. australis dari Perairan Blongko tidak ditemukan senyawa antibakteri.
Penapisan (skrining) aktivitas antibakteri beberapa ekstrak spons dari Teluk Manado
Authors: Nowin Edgar , Warouw Veibe , Rimper Joice , Paulus James , Pangkey Henneke , Sumilat Deiske
Published: July 2019

Spons merupakan salah satu biota laut yang sangat prospektif sebagai sumber senyawa bahan-bahan alami seperti peptida, terpenoid, steroid, asetogenin, alkaloid, halida siklik, dan senyawa nitrogen lainnya. Senyawa-senyawa ini memiliki aktivitas farmakologis seperti antifouling, antitumor, antiinflamasi, antivirus, antibakteri, antijamur, antimalaria. Telah diekstrak dua belas spons yang dikoleksi dari Teluk Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini  dari  koleksi beberapa ekstrak spons sebanyak 9,442 gram melalui proses maserasi dengan pelarut etanol dan evaporasi.  Kedua belas ekstrak yang diskrining didapatkan 10,6 mm (ekstrak 1), 7,4 mm (ekstrak 4) dan (10,6 mm) ekstrak 9  yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Bacillus megaterium sedangkan pada media bakteri Escherichia coli hanya ekstrak 1 (8,9 mm) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Kontrol positif sebagai pembanding memiliki aktivitas yang jauh lebih besar terhadap bakteri B. megaterium dan E.  coli sehingga senyawa antibakteri yang terdapat dalam ekstrak spons yang dikoleksi dari Teluk Manado digolongkan sebagai senyawa yang bersifat sedang/moderate.
Analisis akumulasi kandungan logam kadmium pada akar dan daun mangrove di Perairan Basaan-Belang Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara dan Likupang Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Authors: Kawung Nikita , Rompas Rizald , Paulus James , Lasut Markus , Mantiri Desy , Rumampuk Natalie
Published: July 2019

Laut sangat bermanfaat dalam kegiatan budidaya, penangkapan ikan, rekreasi, transportasi dan sebagainya. Tapi laut juga menjadi alternatif terakhir yang menerima beban dari aktivitas-aktivitas antropogenik tersebut. Kadmium adalah salah satu logam berat yang paling berbahaya. Ketika kadmium memasuki ekosistem akuatik, kadmium akan terakumulasi dengan biota laut dan mempengaruhi rantai makanan sehingga mengancam kesehatan manusia yang sering mengeksploitasi sumber daya laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kandungan kadmium di akar dan daun mangrove Avicennia sp. dan Rhizophora sp. pada lokasi yang berbeda. Hasil analisis kadmium dari dua spesies mangrove di empat lokasi sampling yang berbeda dari penelitian ini, yang tertinggi pada Rhizophora sp. ditemukan di daun yaitu 26.742 ppb dan 21.027 ppb di akar dari Desa Ambon di Likupang, sedangkan kandungan terendah berjumlah <0,07 ppb ditemukan di akar dari Desa Buku di Belang dan 14.346 ppb di daun dari Laboratorium Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Desa Likupang Dua. Kemudian kandungan kadmium tertinggi pada Avicennia sp. ditemukan di akar yaitu 44.355 ppb dari Desa Ambon di Likupang dan 23.164 ppb di daun dari Laboratorium Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Desa Likupang Dua, sedangkan kandungan terendah ditemukan di Desa Basaan, yaitu 22.234 ppb di akar dan 8.741 ppb di daun. Perbedaan akumulasi kadmium pada dua spesies mangrove disebabkan adanya perbedaan morfologi akar dan daun. Mangrove jenis Avicennia sp. dapat dijadikan sebagai tumbuhan fitoremediator karena memiliki daya serap logam kadmium lebih besar dibandingkan Rhizophora sp
A Hot Saturn Near (but Unassociated with) the Open Cluster NGC 1817
Authors: Rampalli Rayna , Vanderburg Andrew , Bieryla Allyson , Latham David W. , Quinn Samuel N. , Baranec Christoph , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Cochran William D. , Duev Dmitry A. , Endl Michael , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Jensen-Clem Rebecca , Law Nicholas M. , Mayo Andrew W. , Riddle Reed , Salama Maïssa
Published: July 2019

We report on the discovery of a hot Saturn-sized planet (9.916 ± 0.985 R
⊕) around a late F-star, K2-308, observed in Campaign 13 of the K2 mission. We began studying this planet candidate because prior to the release of Gaia DR2, the host star was thought to have been a member (

membership probability) of the

open cluster NGC 1817 based on its kinematics and photometric distance. We identify the host star (among three stars within the K2 photometric aperture) using seeing-limited photometry and rule out false-positive scenarios using adaptive optics imaging and radial velocity observations. We statistically validate K2-308b by calculating a false-positive probability rate of

. However, we also show using new kinematic measurements provided by Gaia DR2 and our measured radial velocity of the system that K2-308 is unassociated with the cluster NGC 1817. Therefore, the long running search for a giant transiting planet in an open cluster remains fruitless. Finally, we note that our use of seeing-limited photometry is a good demonstration of similar techniques that are already being used to follow up Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates, especially in crowded regions.
The Self-gravitating Gas Fraction and the Critical Density for Star Formation
Authors: Burkhart Blakesley , Mocz Philip
Published: July 2019

We analytically calculate the star formation efficiency and dense self-gravitating gas fraction in the presence of magneto-gravo-turbulence using the model of Burkhart, which employs a piecewise lognormal and powerlaw density probability distribution function (PDF). We show that the PDF transition density from lognormal to powerlaw forms is a mathematically motivated critical density for star formation and can be physically related to the density where the Jeans length is comparable to the sonic length, i.e., the post-shock critical density for collapse. When the PDF transition density is taken as the critical density, the instantaneous star formation efficiency (ϵ
inst) and depletion time (τ
depl) can be calculated from the dense self-gravitating gas fraction represented as the fraction of gas in the PDF powerlaw tail. We minimize the number of free parameters in the analytic expressions for ϵ
inst and τ
depl by using the PDF transition density instead of a parameterized critical density for collapse, and thus provide a more direct pathway for comparison with observations. We test the analytic predictions for the transition density and self-gravitating gas fraction against AREPO moving mesh gravo-turbulent simulations and find good agreement. We predict that, when gravity dominates the density distribution in the star-forming gas, the star formation efficiency should be weakly anti-correlated with the sonic Mach number while the depletion time should increase with increasing sonic Mach number. The star formation efficiency and depletion time depend primarily on the dense self-gravitating gas fraction, which in turn depends on the interplay of gravity, turbulence, and stellar feedback. Our model prediction is in agreement with recent observations, such as the M51 PdBI Arcsecond Whirlpool Survey.
Diversity of Th1/Th2 immunity in mice with acute lung injury induced by the H1N1 influenza virus and lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Liu Jian-xing , Zhang Ying , An Miao , Wu Qing-guang , Zhao Ya , Li Xiong , Li Geng
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The polarization of T helper (Th) cells plays an important role in the inflammatory response, pathogen removal, and tissue damage processes of infectious acute lung injury (ALI). However, Th cell polarization in viral- or bacterial-mediated ALI is not well defined. Herein, an influenza virus (A/FM/1/47, H1N1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were chosen to induce ALI in mice, and the resultant diversity of Th-cell polarization was explored.

Methodology: BALB/c mice were challenged intranasally with the influenza virus or LPS. Edema of the lung, infiltration of inflammatory cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), oxidative stress, and signature cytokines of Th1 and Th2 cells were detected at 2 days post virus or LPS challenge.

Results: The mice exhibited increased capillary permeability accompanied by lung edema and protein-rich alveolar exudation after virus or LPS challenge. Additionally, excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells, robust oxidative stress, and cytokine production were observed in both mouse groups. However, there was conspicuous disparity in the inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokines between the virus- and LPS-challenged mice, where the infiltration in virus-challenged mice was mainly of macrophages and accompanied by robust Th1 cytokine elevation, whereas the infiltration in LPS-challenged mice was primarily of neutrophils and accompanied by robust Th2 cytokine elevation.

Conclusions: The Th cell polarization was skewed depending on whether ALI was induced by the influenza virus or LPS. The polarization in the virus-challenged mice was primarily toward a Th1 response, whereas that in the LPS-challenged mice was mainly toward Th2.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Leptospira serovar Pomona and Leptospira serovar Hardjo infection in dairy cows in Jordan
Authors: Ismail Zuhair B , Abutarbush Sameeh M , Al-Majali Ahmad M , Gharaibeh Mohammad H , Al-Khateeb Batoul
Published: July 2019

Introduction: This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo infection in dairy cows.

Methodology: Seroprevalence was determined using ELISA using 160 healthy and 80 recently aborted cows. Risk factor assessment was carried out using a pre-validated questionnaire.

Results: The true farm seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo was 92.3% (95% CI: 66%-98%). In healthy cows, the true and apparent cow seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo were 26.9 (95% CI: 20–34%), 26.25% (95% CI: 20–33%) and 28.75% (95% CI: 22–36%) and 27.5% (95% CI: 21–35%), respectively. Semi-intensive management system (OR = 11.43; P < 0.01), surface water as a source of drinking water (OR = 1.21; P < 0.03), lack of special wear for visitors (OR = 1.39; P < 0.05), and previous history of abortion (OR = 1.02; P < 0.05) were associated with high rate of seropositivity against Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo. In recently aborted cows, the true and apparent seroprevalence rates of Leptospira serovars Pomona and Hardjo were 53.25% (95% CI: 47.5–62%), 53.75% (95% CI: 48.5–63.2%) and 56% (95% CI: 49–61%), 56.25% (95% CI: 49.8–61.2%), respectively.

Conclusions: Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Jordan and further studies are required to effectively control the disease in dairy cows.
Le couteau suisse des politiques migratoires
Authors: Del Biaggio Cristina , Soysüren Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

Le « génie suisse » a trouvé à s’exprimer dans les politiques migratoires et les instruments destinés à restreindre les arrivées de migrants, qu’ils relèvent ou non du droit d’asile. Précurseure, la Suisse reste une « source d’inspiration » en matière d’expulsion, de centres de tri, de prise d’empreintes ou de « disparition » des déboutés du droit d’asile qui en fait rêver plus d’un. Mais elle est aussi à l’origine de notions telles que celle de « pays d’origine sûr », promise à un « brillant » avenir en Europe.
« Les Nigériens subissent une sorte d’internement dans leur pays »
Authors: Hamadou Boulama Tcherno , Chappart Pascaline
Published: July 2019

Rétrécissement des terres agricoles, surpeuplement des villages, absence des hommes partis chercher du travail ailleurs : le contexte socio-économique de régions très rurales du Niger oblige femmes et enfants à partir. Elles tentent leur chance en Algérie... qui les renvoie, souvent dans des conditions inhumaines. Le Niger, soucieux de son image, multiplie les dispositifs de contrôle pour tenter de bloquer ces départs. Ces régions, devenues une frontière extérieure de l’Europe, voient leur population emprisonnée dans sa misère.
L’Arabie organise l’expulsabilité des migrants
Authors: Seydou Boureima Amadou
Published: July 2019

L’Arabie Saoudite présente cette particularité d’abriter une population à plus de 30 % étrangère, qui représente 70 % de sa population active… Les migrations de travail s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’un rapport institutionnalisé, la kafala . Elle lie le parrain (le kafil ) saoudien et l’immigré, le premier étant « garant » du second. Dans les faits, elle maintient l’immigré dans un rapport de soumission qui confine à l’exploitation, sans le protéger de l’expulsion. Bien au contraire. Les Nigériens en font l’amère expérience depuis des années.
Le nombre six est-il créateur ou créature ?
Authors: Porro Pasquale
Published: July 2019

Parmi les différentes questions des Quodlibeta de la première régence parisienne de Thomas d’Aquin, il s’en trouve une ( Quodl. VIII, q. 1, a. 1, Pâques 1257) particulièrement intéressante du point de vue philosophique, mais sous un titre qui en dissimule, au moins au premier coup d’œil, le véritable contenu : le nombre six, selon lequel on dit que toutes les créatures furent réalisées, est-il créateur ou créature ? La référence est évidemment aux six jours de la création selon le récit de la Genèse , et plus précisément à l’exégèse qu’en avait proposée saint Augustin dans le De Genesi ad litteram (en particulier IV, 7, 14), mais, en réalité, l’article est pour Thomas une bonne occasion de reprendre et réorganiser la doctrine avicennienne de l’indifférence des essences qu’il avait déjà utilisée dès le début de sa production, dans le De ente et essentia . Dans la conception exemplariste de Thomas d’Aquin, l’essence ou nature, en tant qu’elle est pensée par Dieu, précède sa considération absolue, ses instances physiques dans les réalités singulières, et l’être intelligible que la chose reçoit, à partir de l’expérience des choses sensibles, dans l’intellect humain. De cette façon, Thomas donne l’impression de “replatoniser” une théorie qu’Avicenne avait élaborée pour contourner la doctrine platonicienne et néoplatonicienne des universaux (même si Avicenne n’avait pas renoncé à une forme d’exemplarisme en ce qui concerne le rôle des intelligences). Une dernière remarque concerne le primat de l’espèce sur les individus, que Thomas tire de sa conclusion précédente et affirme très clairement dans l’article suivant de la même question quodlibétique.
The Organizational Legitimacy as an Entry Barrier in Large International Contracts
Authors: Díez-de-Castro Emilio , Díez-Martín Francisco , Madrid-Sanz Martin
Published: July 2019

In the public tender processes of large international contracts, the organizational legitimacy is considered a prerequisite to limit the risk of engagement with companies that do not have it. The instrument usually used by the contracting parties is the Pre-qualification Questionnaire, which acts as a real entry barrier for contractors to participate in subsequent tenders. In this research we analyze the legitimacy requirement in tender processes. We focus on large contracts, mainly for the public sector but not limited to, based on documents accessible through public digital media. The research defines and provides content to the variables that shape the different legitimacy sorts required to the organizations to participate in large construction and trade tenders. The results suggest that the legitimacy requirements to the bidders are multidimensional, which entails that to participate in public tenders several legitimacy dimensions are evaluated. The weight of the different kinds of legitimacy in relation to the legitimacy global requirements is also analyzed.
Physical and Emotional Effects of Whistle blowing
Authors: McDonald Sally , Ahern Kathy
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

This research examined the stress-induced health effects of whistleblowing and non-whistleblowing on nurses in Western Australia. A descriptive survey design was used to explore the physical and emotional problems experienced by nurses who did and did not blow the whistle on misconduct in the workplace. A questionnaire based on Lazarus and Folkman's Model of Stress and Coping was developed and posted anonymously to general and mental health nurses.

Ninety-five nurses responded to the questionnaire, and 70 were identified as whistleblowers and 25 were identified as non-whistleblowers. Results indicated that 70% of whistleblowers and 64% of non-whistleblowers experienced stress-induced physical problems from being involved in a whistleblowing situation. The most common physical problems experienced by nurses were restless sleep, fatigue, headaches, insomnia, and increased smoking. In addition, 94% of whistleblowers and 92% of non-whistleblowers suffered stress-related emotional problems, the most frequent being anger, anxiety, and disillusionment. Whistleblowers and non-whistleblowers suffered a similar percentage of physical health problems, whereas non-whistleblowers suffered a higher percentage of emotional health problems, especially feelings of guilt, shame, and unworthiness. These findings suggest that whistleblowing situations are stressful and may cause physical and emotional health problems whether one blows the whistle or not.
Virtual Reality for Individuals With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Worley Julie
Published: July 2019

Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain difficult to treat, with relapse rates averaging 50% despite available treatment. There is a need for new and novel treatment for treating SUDs. The use of virtual reality (VR) shows promising results as a strategy to help patients with SUDs manage cravings, say no to substance use, reduce stress and anxiety, treat pain, learn life skills, exercise, and use as a substitute for substance use. In VR, patients use a head-mounted device to experience computer-generated 360° simulated environments. Studies have shown that VR activates some of the same areas of the brain that substances activate. The science and technology of VR is evolving, resulting in more affordability, but the price is likely still a barrier for most treatment providers and patients. In addition, applications used to treat SUDs were developed for use in research and are not currently available for public use. More rigorous studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of VR as a treatment for SUDs. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(6), 15–19.]
Differential Evolution in Wireless Communications: A Review
Authors: Okagbue Hilary I , Adamu Muminu O , Anake Timothy A
Published: July 2019

Differential Evolution (DE) is an evolutionary computational method inspired by the biological processes of evolution and mutation. DE has been applied in numerous scientific fields. The paper presents a literature review of DE and its application in wireless communication. The detailed history, characteristics, strengths, variants and weaknesses of DE were presented. Seven broad areas were identified as different domains of application of DE in wireless communications. It was observed that coverage area maximisation and energy consumption minimisation are the two major areas where DE is applied. Others areas are quality of service, updating mechanism where candidate positions learn from a large diversified search region, security and related field applications. Problems in wireless communications are often modelled as multiobjective optimisation which can easily be tackled by the use of DE or hybrid of DE with other algorithms. Different research areas can be explored and DE will continue to be utilized in this context.
Heart Sounds Classification for a Medical Diagnostic Assistance
Authors: Bourouhou Abdelhamid , Jilbab Abdelilah , Nacir Chafik , Hammouch Ahmed
Published: July 2019

In order to develop the assessment of phonocardiogram “PCG” signal for discrimination between two of people classes – individuals with heart disease and healthy one- we have adopted the database provided by "The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardilogy Challenge 2016", which contains records of heart sounds 'PCG '. This database is chosen in order to compare and validate our results with those already published. We subsequently extracted 20 features from each provided record. For classification, we used the Generalized Linear Model (GLM), and the Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with its different types of kernels (i.e.; Linear, polynomial and MLP). The best classification accuracy obtained was 88.25%, using the SVM classifier with an MLP kernel.
« La preuve par le pied » : Balzac, Gautier, Flaubert
Authors: Pitteloud Isabelle
Published: July 2019

Au-delà de sa dimension érotique évidente, le pied (sa trace, son empreinte) constitue un moyen, pour les personnages-lecteurs comme pour les écrivains, d’assouvir une forme de manie herméneutique. Dans les fictions du xixe siècle, profondément influencées par le modèle paléontologique de Cuvier, le pied est à la fois pensé et représenté comme un signe à déchiffrer. Dans le sillage du paradigme indiciaire (Ginzburg), une étude du motif du pied dans Sarrasine (Balzac) permet d’initier une réflexion sur l’esprit et la lettre des textes – en particulier dans les récits archéologiques de Gautier (Le pied de momie, Une nuit de Cléopâtre) et de Flaubert (Salammbô), qui sont justement préoccupés par la question de la restauration du passé.
Dyeing of Meta-Aramid Fibres Previously Functionalized with Poly(Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride)
Authors: Bessa Poincyana S. , Ladchumanandasivan Rasiah , Steffens Fernanda , Oliveira Fernando Ribeiro
Published: July 2019

In this work, a weft-knitted fabric produced from 100% meta-aramid (MA) fibre was functionalized by using polyelectrolyte, Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), in order to modify its surface for dyeing with an uncommon dye class for MA fibres. Contact angle, dye solution drop adsorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), reflectance spectrophotometry, washing and rubbing fastness tests were performed to study the effects caused by the interaction between PDDA and MA fabric. Good results of dyebath exhaustion with excellent values of colour strength were obtained for the samples previously treated with PDDA. These results showed the possibility of obtaining distinct and deep colours besides generating a lower energetic cost using shorter time and lower dyeing temperature as compared to those normally used in the MA dyeing process.
Military Textiles - An Overview of New Developments
Authors: Steffens Fernanda , Gralha Sharon Erckmann , Ferreira Iêda Letícia S. , Oliveira Fernando Ribeiro
Published: July 2019

Textiles for military clothing face a complex set of challenges. They must provide protection, durability and comfort in a wide range of hostile environments. The general requirements of military textiles include damage resistance, comfort, sweat management, cold-weather conditions and the integration of high-tech materials into uniforms. This paper discusses the main concepts regarding the application of textiles in military uses, where the surrounding environments such as desert, jungle or extremely cold areas as well as the nature of the situations involved pose a threat to the soldier’s safety. Therefore, the improvement and development of fibrous materials, textile structures and finishing processes can bring new perspectives for saving lives.
Textile Electrodes for Heart Rate Measurement: A Comparative Study for Firefighters’ Monitoring
Authors: Ferreira André G. , Fernandes Duarte , Catarino André P. , Monteiro João L. , Rocha Ana M.
Published: July 2019

This work compares the performance of wet gel electrodes and textile-based electrodes for monitoring the firefighters’ heart rate during on-duty missions. Both types of electrodes are connected to a customized wearable node that acquires the bio-signals and computes the heart rate. Both types of electrodes were evaluated by two subjects and in three different scenarios: sitting, standing and moving the arms, and walking. The tests have demonstrated that in static scenarios the results obtained for both type of electrodes are comparable. However, in dynamic scenarios, the performance of textile electrodes worsens, especially when the wearer is moving the arms. Although the results obtained from textile electrodes during walking are not as good as the wet get electrodes, its information is still useful for monitoring the firefighters’ heart rate.
Origami for Tight Spaces - 3D 250C PCB Assemblies for Control Systems
Authors: Tremlett Piers , Elliot Phil , Tena Pablo
Published: July 2019

Printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies must fit into unusual spaces for many real-life, high temperature applications such as sensors and actuators. This paper details the design and manufacture of a complex control circuit for a jet engine fuel flow valve. “Origami” was needed to fit this control circuitry into the tight space in the valve, this was achieved using a high temperature flex rigid PCB assembly.

The valve was mounted on a hot section of the engine, and the assembly was tested for its capability to operate at 178°C and withstand multiple thermal cycles of −55°C and 175°C during its operational life. Various component joining media were investigated to extend the life of the assembly.

The project also developed a one-time programmable (OTP) memory aimed at up to 300°C operation for on board memory to provide calibration data or boot memory for high temperature microcontrollers or processors. The device was based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology.