bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Energy Transition: An Evaluation of Cities in South Korea
Authors: Lim Yirang , Edelenbos Jurian , Gianoli Alberto
Published: November 2019

One positive impact of smart cities is reducing energy consumption and CO2 emission through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). Energy transition pursues systematic changes to the low-carbon society, and it can benefit from technological and institutional advancement in smart cities. The integration of the energy transition to smart city development has not been thoroughly studied yet. The purpose of this study is to find empirical evidence of smart cities’ contributions to energy transition. The hypothesis is that there is a significant difference between smart and non-smart cities in the performance of energy transition. The Smart Energy Transition Index is introduced. Index is useful to summarize the smart city component’s contribution to energy transition and to enable comparison among cities. The cities in South Korea are divided into three groups: (1) first-wave smart cities that focus on smart transportation and security services; (2) second-wave smart cities that provide comprehensive urban services; and (3) non-smart cities. The results showed that second-wave smart cities scored higher than first-wave and non-smart cities, and there is a statistically significant difference among city groups. This confirms the hypothesis of this paper that smart city development can contribute to the energy transition.
Specific Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lipoprotein Subclass Profiles and Central Arterial Stiffness in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study
Authors: Llauradó Gemma , Amigó Núria , Cano Albert , Ballesta Silvia , Albert Lara , Mazarico Isabel , Fernández-Veledo Sonia , Pedro-Botet Juan , Vendrell Joan , González-Clemente José-Miguel
Published: November 2019

Background: Dyslipidemia has been associated with vascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We examined the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-assessed lipoprotein subclass profiles in subjects with T1DM compared with those of healthy subjects and assessed the potential relationship of these profiles with arterial stiffness. Methods: Eighty-four participants with T1DM of at least 10 years duration and no clinical cardiovascular disease (age: 35–65 years; 50% men) and 42 healthy participants were evaluated for: (1) clinical and anthropometric data (including classical cardiovascular risk factors), (2) insulin sensitivity by estimated glucose disposal rate, (3) microvascular complications, (4) NMR-assessed lipoprotein subclass profile, and (5) arterial stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity). Results: Participants with T1DM had an apparently better conventional lipid profile than healthy participants, but with significant differences in NMR-assessed lipoprotein profiles such as higher triglyceride content of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In healthy participants, arterial stiffness was associated with NMR-based LDL subclasses. By contrast, in T1DM participants, arterial stiffness was independently associated mainly with NMR-based very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subclasses: positively with total VLDL particles (and subclasses) and VLDL triglyceride content, and negatively with LDL and HDL particle sizes. These results were maintained after adjustments for classical cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: Subjects with T1DM, while having an apparently better conventional lipid profile than healthy controls, presented significant alterations in their NMR-assessed lipoprotein profile. The association between arterial stiffness and NMR-assessed lipoprotein profiles also differed in both groups. These results support a potential role of the identified differences in the residual cardiovascular risk in T1DM.
GSTM1 and Liver Iron Content in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia and Iron Overload
Authors: Puri Latika , Flanagan Jonathan M. , Kang Guolian , Ding Juan , Bi Wenjian , McCarville Beth M. , Loeffler Ralf B. , Tipirneni-Sajja Aaryani , Villavicencio Martha , Crews Kristine R. , Hillenbrand Claudia M. , Hankins Jane S.
Published: November 2019

Chronic blood transfusions in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) cause iron overload, which occurs with a degree of interpatient variability in serum ferritin and liver iron content (LIC). Reasons for this variability are unclear and may be influenced by genes that regulate iron metabolism. We evaluated the association of the copy number of the glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene and degree of iron overload among patients with SCA. We compared LIC in 38 children with SCA and ≥12 lifetime erythrocyte transfusions stratified by GSTM1 genotype. Baseline LIC was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), R2*MRI within 3 months prior to, and again after, starting iron unloading therapy. After controlling for weight-corrected transfusion burden (mL/kg) and splenectomy, mean pre-chelation LIC (mg/g dry liver dry weight) was similar in all groups: GSTM1 wild-type (WT) (11.45, SD±6.8), heterozygous (8.2, SD±4.52), and homozygous GSTM1 deletion (GSTM1-null; 7.8, SD±6.9, p = 0.09). However, after >12 months of chelation, GSTM1-null genotype subjects had the least decrease in LIC compared to non-null genotype subjects (mean LIC change for GSTM1-null = 0.1 (SD±3.3); versus −0.3 (SD±3.0) and −1.9 (SD±4.9) mg/g liver dry weight for heterozygous and WT, respectively, p = 0.047). GSTM1 homozygous deletion may prevent effective chelation in children with SCA and iron overload.
The Pooled Diagnostic Accuracy of Neuroimaging, General Movements, and Neurological Examination for Diagnosing Cerebral Palsy Early in High-Risk Infants: A Case Control Study
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Romeo Domenico M. , Chorna Olena , Novak Iona , Galea Claire , Del Secco Sabrina , Guzzetta Andrea
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Clinical guidelines recommend using neuroimaging, Prechtls’ General Movements Assessment (GMA), and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) to diagnose cerebral palsy (CP) in infancy. Previous studies provided excellent sensitivity and specificity for each test in isolation, but no study has examined the pooled predictive power for early diagnosis. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study of 441 high-risk infants born between 2003 and 2014, from three Italian hospitals. Infants with either a normal outcome, mild disability, or CP at two years, were matched for birth year, gender, and gestational age. Three-month HINE, GMA, and neuroimaging were retrieved from medical records. Logistic regression was conducted with log-likelihood and used to determine the model fit and Area Under the Curve (AUC) for accuracy. Results: Sensitivity and specificity for detecting CP were 88% and 62% for three-month HINE, 95% and 97% for absent fidgety GMs, and 79% and 99% for neuroimaging. The combined predictive power of all three assessments gave sensitivity and specificity values of 97.86% and 99.22% (PPV 98.56%, NPV 98.84%). Conclusion: CP can be accurately detected in high-risk infants when these test findings triangulate. Clinical implementation of these tools is likely to reduce the average age when CP is diagnosed, and intervention is started.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Translational Research in Oncology
Authors: Fiordelisi Maria Felicia , Cavaliere Carlo , Auletta Luigi , Basso Luca , Salvatore Marco
Published: November 2019

The translation of results from the preclinical to the clinical setting is often anything other than straightforward. Indeed, ideas and even very intriguing results obtained at all levels of preclinical research, i.e., in vitro, on animal models, or even in clinical trials, often require much effort to validate, and sometimes, even useful data are lost or are demonstrated to be inapplicable in the clinic. In vivo, small-animal, preclinical imaging uses almost the same technologies in terms of hardware and software settings as for human patients, and hence, might result in a more rapid translation. In this perspective, magnetic resonance imaging might be the most translatable technique, since only in rare cases does it require the use of contrast agents, and when not, sequences developed in the lab can be readily applied to patients, thanks to their non-invasiveness. The wide range of sequences can give much useful information on the anatomy and pathophysiology of oncologic lesions in different body districts. This review aims to underline the versatility of this imaging technique and its various approaches, reporting the latest preclinical studies on thyroid, breast, and prostate cancers, both on small laboratory animals and on human patients, according to our previous and ongoing research lines.
Music Interventions for Anxiety in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lin Chien-Ju , Chang Yu-Chen , Chang Yu-Han , Hsiao Yu-Hsuan , Lin Hsin-Hui , Liu Shu-Jung , Chao Chi-An , Wang Hsuan , Yeh Tzu-Lin
Published: November 2019

Prenatal anxiety is extremely common and may result in adverse effects on both the mother and the baby. Music interventions have been used to reduce anxiety in various medical patients and in pregnant women during childbirth. This study aims to assess the clinical efficacy of music interventions in women during pregnancy rather than during labor. Seven databases were searched from inception to September 2019 without language restrictions. We included only randomized controlled trials that compared music intervention and control groups for anxiety reduction in pregnant women. We used the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2.0) for quality assessment. Finally, 11 studies with 1482 participants were included. The pooled meta-analysis results showed that music interventions significantly decreased anxiety levels (standardized mean difference (SMD), −0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.83 to −0.02; I2 = 91%). Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that listening to music at home had significant anxiolytic benefits (SMD, −0.28; 95% CI, −0.47 to −0.08; I2 = 0%). However, meta-regression revealed a nonsignificant trend for increase in the anxiety-reducing effects of music interventions with increasing maternal age. In conclusion, music interventions may be beneficial in reducing anxiety and may be applied in pregnant women.
Re: A Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Use of Curcumin for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Appleton Laura , Day Andrew S.
Published: November 2019

We read with interest the article by Ng et al [...]
Myorelaxant Effect of Transdermal Cannabidiol Application in Patients with TMD: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Nitecka-Buchta Aleksandra , Nowak-Wachol Anna , Wachol Kacper , Walczyńska-Dragon Karolina , Olczyk Paweł , Batoryna Olgierd , Kempa Wojciech , Baron Stefan
Published: November 2019

(1) Background: The healing properties of cannabidiol (CBD) have been known for centuries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the myorelaxant effect of CBD after the transdermal application in patients with myofascial pain. (2) Methods: The Polish version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD Ia and Ib) was used. A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into two groups: Group1 and Group2. The average age in Group1 was 23.2 years (SD) = 1.6 years) and in Group2, it was 22.6 years (SD = 1.86). This was a parallel and double-blind trial. Group1 received CBD formulation, whereas Group2 received placebo formulation for topical use. The masseter muscle activity was measured on days 0 and 14, with surface electromyography (sEMG) (Neurobit Optima 4, Neurobit System, Gdynia, Poland). Pain intensity in VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was measured on days 0 and 14. (3) Results: in Group1, the sEMG masseter activity significantly decreased (11% in the right and 12.6% in the left masseter muscles). In Group2, the sEMG masseter activity was recorded as 0.23% in the right and 3.3% in the left masseter muscles. Pain intensity in VAS scale was significantly decreased in Group1: 70.2% compared to Group2: 9.81% reduction. Patients were asked to apply formulation twice a day for a period of 14 days. (4) Conclusion: The application of CBD formulation over masseter muscle reduced the activity of masseter muscles and improved the condition of masticatory muscles in patients with myofascial pain.
Neurocircuitry of Reward and Addiction: Potential Impact of Dopamine–Glutamate Co-release as Future Target in Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Bimpisidis Zisis , Wallén-Mackenzie Åsa
Published: November 2019

Dopamine–glutamate co-release is a unique property of midbrain neurons primarily located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Dopamine neurons of the VTA are important for behavioral regulation in response to rewarding substances, including natural rewards and addictive drugs. The impact of glutamate co-release on behaviors regulated by VTA dopamine neurons has been challenging to probe due to lack of selective methodology. However, several studies implementing conditional knockout and optogenetics technologies in transgenic mice have during the past decade pointed towards a role for glutamate co-release in multiple physiological and behavioral processes of importance to substance use and abuse. In this review, we discuss these studies to highlight findings that may be critical when considering mechanisms of importance for prevention and treatment of substance abuse.
Recent Trends in Bacteriology of Adult Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Assiri Abdullah M. , Kim Ji Heui
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to identify trends in bacteria isolated from Korean adults with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Enrolled were CRS patients who underwent sinus bacterial culture during endoscopic sinus surgery between 2007–2008, 2011–2012, and 2017–2018 (n = 510). Patients’ clinical characteristics, bacterial culture results, and antibiotic resistance were reviewed. The bacteria isolation rate was 76.3% (73.9% for CRS with nasal polyps and 82.8% for CRS without nasal polyps; p = 0.038). In total, 650 strains were isolated, the most common was Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) (28.0%), followed by Streptococcus species (12.2%), Propionibacterium species (8.0%), Corynebacterium species (7.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.2%), Haemophilus species (5.7%), Klebsiella species (5.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.2%). Furthermore, an analysis of the bacterial trends in the three groups showed significant increases over time for the isolation of CNS (p = 0.006), Klebsiella (p = 0.002), and P. aeruginosa (p = 0.007) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella (p < 0.001) and Enterobacter (p = 0.007) species in terms of antibiotics resistance. This study demonstrates that the frequency of CNS, Klebsiella, and P. aeruginosa in CRS patients and the ESBL-producing Klebsiella and Enterobacter species has significantly increased in CRS patients over the last decade.
An Intriguing Involvement of Mitochondria in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Favia Maria , de Bari Lidia , Bobba Antonella , Atlante Anna
Published: November 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) occurs when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is not synthetized and folded correctly. The CFTR protein helps to maintain the balance of salt and water on many body surfaces, such as the lung surface. When the protein is not working correctly, chloride becomes trapped in cells, then water cannot hydrate the cellular surface and the mucus covering the cells becomes thick and sticky. Furthermore, a defective CFTR appears to produce a redox imbalance in epithelial cells and extracellular fluids and to cause an abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species: as a consequence, oxidative stress has been implicated as a causative factor in the aetiology of the process. Moreover, massive evidences show that defective CFTR gives rise to extracellular GSH level decrease and elevated glucose concentrations in airway surface liquid (ASL), thus encouraging lung infection by pathogens in the CF advancement. Recent research in progress aims to rediscover a possible role of mitochondria in CF. Here the latest new and recent studies on mitochondrial bioenergetics are collected. Surprisingly, they have enabled us to ascertain that mitochondria have a leading role in opposing the high ASL glucose level as well as oxidative stress in CF.
Insulin Resistance Associated Disorders Pivoting Long-Term Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Decline During Entecavir Therapy
Authors: Lin Tien-Ching , Liu Wen-Chun , Hsu Yu-Hsiang , Lin Jia-Jhen , Chiu Yen-Cheng , Chiu Hung-Chih , Cheng Pin-Nan , Chen Chiung-Yu , Chang Ting-Tsung , Wu I-Chin
Published: November 2019

Insulin resistance associated disorders (IRAD), including prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and fatty liver are significant risk factors of liver-related death in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, their relationship remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate how IRAD influence the kinetics of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with CHB during long-term entecavir treatment. We enrolled 140 patients with CHB receiving at least 3 years of consecutive entecavir treatment in this retrospective study. A linear mixed effects model was adopted to examine the effects of variables and their interaction over time on the HBsAg trajectory. Furthermore, we acquired cytokine profiles and baseline fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) scores for in-depth analysis. The median treatment time was 6.90 (4.47–9.01) years. Multivariate analysis revealed that older patients or those with prediabetes or T2DM had a significantly slower HBsAg decline over time (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conversely, advanced fatty liver engendered a more rapid HBsAg decrease (p = 0.001). Patients with prediabetes or T2DM possessed higher IP-10 levels six years after entecavir therapy (p = 0.013). Compared to patients without prediabetes or T2DM, diabetic patients had more unfavorable features at the baseline, especially higher FIB-4 scores. Prediabetes or T2DM delays the clearance of HBsAg, but advanced hepatic fatty change counterbalances the effect. Additionally, IRAD could cause hepatic sequelae in CHB through immune-metabolic pathways.
Associations between Plasma Biomarkers and Cognition in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tsai Chia-Lin , Liang Chih-Sung , Lee Jiunn-Tay , Su Ming-Wei , Lin Chun-Chieh , Chu Hsuan-Te , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Lin Guan-Yu , Lin Yu-Kai , Yang Fu-Chi
Published: November 2019

Brain degeneration in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) results from the accumulation of pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau protein tangles, leading to altered plasma levels of biomarkers. However, few studies have investigated the association between plasma biomarkers and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated correlations between mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and levels of plasma biomarkers in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD. Thirteen individuals with normal cognition, 40 patients with aMCI, and 37 patients with AD were enrolled. Immunomagnetic reduction was used to assess the levels of plasma biomarkers, including amyloid Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, total tau protein (t-Tau), and phosphorylated tau protein (threonine 181, p-Tau181). Our analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between MMSE and both measures of tau, and a trend toward negative correlation between MMSE and Aβ1-42. In a longitudinal study involving three patients with aMCI and two patients with AD, we observed strong negative correlations (r < −0.8) between changes in MMSE scores and plasma levels of t-Tau. Our results suggest that plasma levels of t-Tau and p-Tau181 can be used to assess the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with AD. Furthermore, the results of our preliminary longitudinal study suggest that levels of t-Tau can be used to monitor the progression of cognitive decline in patients with aMCI/AD.
BOne HEalth ManagEment in Patients with Early Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Italian Osteoncology Center “Real-Life” Experience (BOHEME Study)
Authors: Recine Federica , Bongiovanni Alberto , Foca Flavia , Mercatali Laura , Fausti Valentina , Calpona Sebastiano , Riva Nada , De Vita Alessandro , Liverani Chiara , Spadazzi Chiara , Miserocchi Giacomo , Di Menna Giandomenico , Gurrieri Lorena , Cocchi Claudia , Debonis Silvia Angela , Vespignani Roberto , Ibrahim Toni
Published: November 2019

Background: We assessed the real-life clinical impact of bone health management in patients with breast cancer (BC) receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy at an Italian Osteoncology Center. Methods: Pre- and post-menopausal women undergoing adjuvant endocrine therapy for early-stage BC who came to our institute for their first bone health evaluation from January 2011 to June 2016 were considered in this retrospective observational study. Results: 1125 pre- and post-menopausal early-stage BC patients (209 and 916, respectively) were evaluated. Median age was 61 years (range 26–88). In the pre-menopausal group, spinal x-ray revealed that 10 patients (4.7%) had a morphometric vertebral fracture. Higher age (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.29) and bone mineral density (BMD) ≤ −2.5 (OR: 14.45; 95% CI: 1.70–122.67) were associated with a higher risk of bone fracture. The overall frequency of bone fracture was 17.6% (n = 161) in post-menopausal patients and a lower risk for bone fractures was associated with tamoxifen or other treatments (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12–0.53), presence of back pain (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.16–2.36), lower BMD (OR: 2.09 in patients with T-score ≤ 2.5; 95% CI: 1.21–3.59) and lower vitamin D levels (OR: 1.57 in patients with ≤ 10 ng/mL; 95% CI: 1.05–2.34) in univariate analysis. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that bone health management should be an integral part of long-term cancer care.
Comprehensive Genomic Review of TCGA Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC)
Authors: Pérez Sayáns Mario , Chamorro Petronacci Cintia Micaela , Lorenzo Pouso Alejandro Ismael , Padín Iruegas Elena , Blanco Carrión Andrés , Suárez Peñaranda José Manuel , García García Abel
Published: November 2019

The aim of this present study was to comprehensively describe somatic DNA alterations and transcriptional alterations in the last extension of the HNSCC subsets in TCGA, encompassing a total of 528 tumours. In order to achieve this goal, transcriptional analysis, functional enrichment assays, survival analysis, somatic copy number alteration analysis and somatic alteration analysis were carried out. A total of 3491 deregulated genes were found in HNSCC patients, and the functional analysis carried out determined that tissue development and cell differentiation were the most relevant signalling pathways in upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Somatic copy number alteration analysis showed a “top five” altered HNSCC genes: CDKN2A (deleted in 32.03% of patients), CDKN2B (deleted in 28.34% of patients), PPFIA1 (amplified in 26.02% of patients), FADD (amplified in 25.63% of patients) and ANO1 (amplified in 25.44% of patients). Somatic mutations analysis revealed TP53 mutation in 72% of the tumour samples followed by TTN (39%), FAT1 (23%) and MUC16 (19%). Another interesting result is the mutual exclusivity pattern that was discovered between the TP53 and PIK3CA mutations, and the co-occurrence of CDKN2A with the TP53 and FAT1 alterations. On analysis to relate differential expression genes and somatic copy number alterations, some genes were overexpressed and amplified, for example, FOXL2, but other deleted genes also showed overexpression, such as CDKN2A. Survival analysis revealed that overexpression of some oncogenes, such as EGFR, CDK6 or CDK4 were associated with poorer prognosis tumours. These new findings help us to develop new therapies and programs for the prevention of HNSCC.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Surgically Resected Solitary Pulmonary Nodules Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Authors: Choi Yeonseok , Jhun Byung Woo , Kim Jhingook , Huh Hee Jae , Lee Nam Yong
Published: November 2019

Background: Limited data are available regarding the detailed characteristics and outcomes of surgically resected nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) granulomas. Methods: We evaluated the characteristics of 49 NTM granulomas presenting as solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) between January 2007 and December 2016. Results: Twenty-five patients (51%) were male and 27 (55%) were never-smokers. Seven (14%) patients had a history of tuberculosis. More than half (51%) of patients were asymptomatic. On chest computed tomography, the median SPN diameter was 18 mm, and approximately half of all SPNs (49%) were located in the upper lobes on chest computed tomography. NTM strain were preoperatively isolated from sputum (46%, 12/26), bronchial wash fluid (54%, 14/26), and needle biopsy specimens (12%, 3/26). Mycobacterium avium (71%, 22/31) was the organism most commonly isolated, followed by Mycobacterium intracellulare (16%, 5/31). Postoperative pneumothorax and atelectasis developed in four (8%) patients and one (2%) patient, respectively. Five patients received postoperative antibiotic therapy. Over a median follow-up period of 18.0 months, one patient with residual lesions after surgery started macrolide-based therapy due to aggravated symptoms. Conclusions: Most NTM granulomas can be treated completely by surgical resection without antibiotic therapy, and microbiological examination of surgical specimens is important for optimal management.
Memory Complaint Is a Surrogate for Memory Decline in the Middle-Aged: A Register-Based Study
Authors: Wu Yah-Yuan , Hsu Wen-Chuin , Huang Yu-Hua , Ho Wei-Min , Chen Yi-Chun
Published: November 2019

Memory complaint is one of the earliest symptoms of dementia. The causes and prognosis of memory complaint in the middle-aged population remain largely unknown. We reviewed the register-based data of 2129 patients with memory complaints. Among them, 404 participants were between 40 and 65 years old. The participants were separated into three groups: subjective cognitive decline (SCD), neurodegenerative diseases (ND), and non-neurodegenerative diseases (NND). One-year decline was defined as a decrease of ≥1 on the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). At baseline, 131 participants (32%) were diagnosed with SCD, 141 (35%) with ND, and 132 (33%) with NND. The 1-year cognitive decline rate was higher among patients with ND (36.8%) than in the SCD (7.3%, p = 1.3 × 10−8) and NND groups (7.6%, p = 1.1 × 10−7). One-year decline did not differ between the SCD and NND groups. Lower baseline MMSE score predicted increased risk of 1-year cognitive decline (odds ratio (OR) = 1.126, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.076–1.178, p = 2.52 × 10−7). Memory complaint in middle age carried a risk of 1-year cognitive decline, and baseline MMSE is an independent predictor of decline. An initial diagnosis of SCD held the same risk effect for decline as NND. These findings highlighted the necessity for neuropsychological tests in those with memory complaints presenting to the clinic.
NK Cell Reconstitution in Paediatric Leukemic Patients after T-Cell-Depleted HLA-Haploidentical Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Followed by the Reinfusion of iCasp9-Modified Donor T Cells
Authors: Stabile Helena , Nisti Paolo , Fionda Cinzia , Pagliara Daria , Gaspari Stefania , Locatelli Franco , Santoni Angela , Gismondi Angela
Published: November 2019

T-cell-depleted (TCD) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haploidentical (haplo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (TCD-haplo-HSCT) has had a huge impact on the treatment of many haematological diseases. The adoptive transfer of a titrated number of T cells genetically modified with a gene suicide can improve immune reconstitution and represents an interesting strategy to enhance the success of haplo-HSCT. Natural killer (NK) cells are the first donor-derived lymphocyte population to reconstitute following transplantation, and play a pivotal role in mediating graft-versus-leukaemia (GvL). We recently described a CD56lowCD16low NK cell subset that mediates both cytotoxic activity and cytokine production. Given the multifunctional properties of this subset, we studied its functional recovery in a cohort of children given α/βT-cell-depleted haplo-HSCT followed by the infusion of a titrated number of iCasp-9-modified T cells (iCasp-9 HSCT). The data obtained indicate that multifunctional CD56lowCD16low NK cell frequency is similar to that of healthy donors (HD) at all time points analysed, showing enrichment in the bone marrow (BM). Interestingly, with regard to functional acquisition, we identified two groups of patients, namely those whose NK cells did (responder) or did not (non responder) degranulate or produce cytokines. Moreover, in patients analysed for both functions, we observed that the acquisition of degranulation capacity was not associated with the ability to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ Intriguingly, we found a higher BM and peripheral blood (PB) frequency of iCas9 donor T cells only in patients characterized by the ability of CD56lowCD16low NK cells to degranulate. Collectively, these findings suggest that donor iCasp9-T lymphocytes do not have a significant influence on NK cell reconstitution, even if they may positively affect the acquisition of target-induced degranulation of CD56lowCD16low NK cells in the T-cell-depleted haplo-HSC transplanted patients.
Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Options for Liver Metastases in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Dermine Solène , Palmieri Lola-Jade , Lavolé Julie , Barré Amélie , Dohan Antony , Abou Ali Einas , Cottereau Anne-Ségolène , Gaujoux Sébastien , Brezault Catherine , Chaussade Stanislas , Coriat Romain
Published: November 2019

The incidence of liver metastasis in digestive neuroendocrine tumors is high. Their presence appears as an important prognostic factor in terms of quality of life and survival. These tumors may be symptomatic because of the tumor burden itself and/or the hormonal hyper-secretion induced by the tumor. Surgery is the treatment of choice for resectable tumors and metastasis. Nevertheless, surgery is only possible in a small number of cases. The management of non-resectable liver metastasis is a challenge. The literature is rich but consists predominantly in small retrospective series with a low level of proof. Thus, the choice of one technique over another could be difficult. Local ablative techniques (radiofrequency) or trans-catheter intra-arterial liver-directed treatments (hepatic artery embolization, chemo-embolization, and radio-embolization) are frequently considered for liver metastasis. In the present review, we focus on these different therapeutic approaches in advanced neuroendocrine tumors, results (clinical and radiological), and overall efficacy, and summarize recommendations to help physicians in their clinical practice.
Treatment of Peri-Implantitis—Electrolytic Cleaning Versus Mechanical and Electrolytic Cleaning—A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial—Six-Month Results
Authors: Schlee Markus , Rathe Florian , Brodbeck Urs , Ratka Christoph , Weigl Paul , Zipprich Holger
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The present randomized clinical trial assesses the six-month outcomes following surgical regenerative therapy of periimplantitis lesions using either an electrolytic method (EC) to remove biofilms or a combination of powder spray and electrolytic method (PEC). Materials and Methods: 24 patients with 24 implants suffering from peri-implantitis with any type of bone defect were randomly treated by EC or PEC. Bone defects were augmented with a mixture of natural bone mineral and autogenous bone and left for submerged healing. The distance from implant shoulder to bone was assessed at six defined points at baseline (T0) and after six months at uncovering surgery (T1) by periodontal probe and standardized x-rays. Results: One implant had to be removed at T1 because of reinfection and other obstacles. None of the other implants showed signs of inflammation. Bone gain was 2.71 ± 1.70 mm for EC and 2.81 ± 2.15 mm for PEC. No statistically significant difference between EC and PEC was detected. Significant clinical bone fill was observed for all 24 implants. Complete regeneration of bone was achieved in 12 implants. Defect morphology impacted the amount of regeneration. Conclusion: EC needs no further mechanical cleaning by powder spray. Complete re-osseointegration in peri-implantitis cases is possible.
Systematic Balance Exercises Influence Cortical Activation and Serum BDNF Levels in Older Adults
Authors: Kubica Jadwiga , Szymura Jadwiga , Domagalik Aleksandra , Golda Slawomir , Wiecek Magdalena , Fafrowicz Magdalena , Marek Tadeusz , Pera Joanna
Published: November 2019

We sought to investigate whether systematic balance training modulates brain area activity responsible for postural control and influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA protein expression. Seventy-four older adults were randomly divided into three groups (mean age 65.34 ± 3.79 years, 30 females): Classic balance exercises (CBT), virtual reality balance exercises (VBT), and control (CON). Neuroimaging studies were performed at inclusion and after completion of the training or 12 weeks later (CON). Blood samples were obtained to measure BDNF expression. The study revealed significant interaction of sessions and groups: In the motor imagery (MI) condition for supplementary motor area (SMA) activity (Fat peak = 5.25, p < 0.05); in the action observation (AO) condition for left and right supramarginal gyrus/posterior insula (left: Fat peak = 6.48, p < 0.05; right: Fat peak = 6.92, p < 0.05); in the action observation together with motor imagery (AOMI) condition for the middle occipital gyrus (laterally)/area V5 (left: Fat peak = 6.26, p < 0.05; right: Fat peak = 8.37, p < 0.05), and in the cerebellum–inferior semilunar lobule/tonsil (Fat peak = 5.47, p < 0.05). After the training serum BDNF level has increased in CBT (p < 0.001) and in CBT compared to CON (p < 0.05). Systematic balance training may reverse the age-related cortical over-activations and appear to be a factor mediating neuroplasticity in older adults.
Temperature Self-Compensated Strain Sensors based on MWCNT-Graphene Hybrid Nanocomposite
Authors: Ramalingame Rajarajan , Bautista-Quijano Jose Roberto , Alves Danrlei de Farias , Kanoun Olfa
Published: November 2019

Sensors based on carbon nanomaterials are gaining importance due to their tunable properties and their potentially outstanding sensing performance. Despite their advantages, carbon-based nanomaterial sensors are prone to cross-sensitivities with environmental factors like temperature. Thus, to reduce the temperature influence on the sensing material, compensation and correction procedures are usually considered. These methods may require the use of additional sensors which can themselves be subject to residual errors. Hence, a more promising approach consists of synthesizing a material that is capable of self-compensating for the influence of temperature. In this study, a hybrid nanocomposite based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene is proposed, which can compensate, by itself, for the influence of temperature on the material conductivity. The hybrid nanocomposite material uses the different temperature behavior of MWCNTs, which have a negative temperature coefficient, and graphene, which has a positive temperature coefficient. The influence of the material ratio and dispersion quality are investigated in this work. Material composition and dispersion quality are analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A composition of 70% graphene and 30% MWCNT exhibits a nearly temperature-independent hybrid nanocomposite with a sensitivity of 0.022 Ω/°C, corresponding to a resistance change of ~1.2 Ω for a temperature range of 25 to 80 °C. Additionally, a simple investigation of the strain sensing behavior of the hybrid material is also presented. The hybrid nanocomposite-based, thin-film strain sensor exhibits good stability over 100 cycles and a significantly high gauge factor, i.e., 16.21.
Numerical Investigation on the Scale Effect of a Stepped Planing Hull
Authors: Du Lei , Lin Zhuang , Jiang Yi , Li Ping , Dong Yue
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the scale effects on a planing boat, utilizing the computational fluid dynamics method. The simulation is compared with a tank test for verification and validation. The planing boat sails use both aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. Studying the performances and wave patterns of different dimensions of the models is the best way to investigate the scale effect without using experimental data. The resistance is discussed in two parts, namely residuary resistance and friction resistance, and is compared to the calculated data using the international towing tank conference (ITTC) formula. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations of the model are increased by 4.77% on average, and the boat computations are also increased by 3.57%. The computation shows the scale effect in detail. The residuary resistance coefficients at different scales are approximately equal, and the friction resistance coefficients show the scale effect. The scale effect for longitudinal steadiness is also captured for the period of the porpoising behavior. The rational for the full-scaled boat oscillation period and the model is the root of the scales.
Numerical Analysis of Leading-Edge Vortex Effect on Tidal Current Energy Extraction Performance for Chord-Wise Deformable Oscillating Hydrofoil
Authors: Xu Jianan , Zhu Haiyang , Guan Daitao , Zhan Yong
Published: November 2019

To improve the energy extraction performance of the oscillating hydrofoil, the lift force that acts on the oscillating hydrofoil is analyzed. The pressure difference between the oscillating hydrofoil‘s opposing surfaces is dominant to generate the lift force. Forming and shedding of the leading-edge vortex from the hydrofoil surface determines the pressure difference between the opposing surfaces of the oscillating hydrofoil. In this paper, the hydrofoil with different chord flexibility coefficients and maximum offset at the trailing edge are analyzed to obtain the power coefficient, lift coefficient, and moment coefficient of the oscillating hydrofoil. The influence mechanism of chord-wise deformation of the oscillating hydrofoil on the energy extraction performance is explored. According to the Kutta–Joukowsky condition and the Stokes’ theorem, the relationship between the attached vortex on the hydrofoil and the surface pressure of the hydrofoil, the surface pressure difference of the hydrofoil, and the lift force that acts on the hydrofoil are investigated. By quantifying the vortex intensity, the ascending-shedding process of the attached vortex on the hydrofoil is characterized. Finally, the complete influence chain among the chord-wise flexure, the attached vortex on the hydrofoil, and the energy extraction performance of the oscillating hydrofoil is established.
Probabilistic Comparison of Static and Dynamic Failure Criteria of Scour Protections
Authors: Fazeres-Ferradosa Tiago , Taveira-Pinto Francisco , Rosa-Santos Paulo , Chambel João
Published: November 2019

The present paper provides a reliability assessment of scour protections applicable to both the static and dynamic stability design. As a case study, Horns Rev 3 hindcast data is used to simulate different failure criteria for an exemplary scour protection suitable for an offshore monopile foundation. The results show that the probability of failure is influenced by several factors, namely the wave friction factor, the definition of the acceptable damage number or the formulations used to calculate the bed shear-stress. The reliability assessment also indicates that annual probabilities of failure, associated to each criterion, might be comparable with the values presented in reliability standards for marine structures. Based on the results, this paper highlights future recommendations to improve the reliability-based design and analysis of scour protections for offshore foundations.
The Dali Model in Risk-Management Practice: The Case of Financial Services Firms
Authors: Dalli Gonzi Rebecca , Grima Simon , Kizilkaya Murat , Spiteri Jonathan
Published: November 2019

Originality/value—this model contributed to the vast literature on models of change and risk management within organisations, but was not validated empirically for reliability of the factors, and on financial services providers within small jurisdictions. Therefore, the significance and importance of such a study lies firstly on the premise that testing on small countries can be deemed as small laboratories for more complex politics, regulations and policies of larger countries and secondly, the importance of financial services as essential for prosperity in a country’s economy. This model will provide an empirically tested proactive model in a specific environment for managing organisational risks to arrive at their objectives with minimal setbacks.
Regional Differentiation of Long-Term Land Use Changes: A Case Study of Czechia
Authors: Stych Premysl , Kabrda Jan , Bicik Ivan , Lastovicka Josef
Published: November 2019

The major topic of this article is the evaluation of the regional differentiation of the long-term changes in land use in Czechia. This study searches the spatial and temporal differentiation of the changes and their driving forces since the 19th century. The comprehensive land use land cover change database (LUCC Czechia Database) which comprises cadastral data on the land use in the years 1845, 1896, 1948, 1990, 2000, and 2010 for more than 8000 units, was the main data source. The chief benefit of this article can be seen in the methodical procedures of the application of the “Rate of heterogeneity” (H) derived from the Gini coefficient in the research of the differentiation/inequality of the long-term land use change. GIS modeling tools were used to calculate the selected geographical characteristics (altitude and slope) of the examined units for the purpose of searching the factors of the land use changes. The results show a strong trend in the differentiation of the long-term land use changes. Two main antagonistic processes took place in the land use structure during the observed period of 1845–2010. The fertile regions experienced agricultural intensification with the concentration of the arable land in these regions. On the other hand, the infertile regions experienced extensification, accompanied by afforestation and grass planting during the last decades. The influence of natural conditions (altitude and slope) on the distribution of the land use has been growing—the arable land has been concentrated into the lower altitudes and, more significantly, into less steep areas. Grasslands and forests predominantly occupy the less favored areas with higher altitudes and steeper slopes. The built-up areas have been strongly concentrated and regionally polarized. In 1845, half of the Czech built-up areas were concentrated in 31% of the total country area, whereas in 2010, it was in 21%.
How Much is Enough? Improving Participatory Mapping Using Area Rarefaction Curves
Authors: Selgrath Jennifer C. , Gergel Sarah E.
Published: November 2019

Participatory mapping is a valuable approach for documenting the influence of human activities on species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services, as well as the variability of human activities over space and time. This method is particularly valuable in data-poor systems; however, there has never been a systematic approach for identifying the total number of respondents necessary to map the entire spatial extent of a particular human activity. Here, we develop a new technique for identifying sufficient respondent sample sizes for participatory mapping by adapting species rarefaction curves. With a case study from a heavily fished marine ecosystem in the central Philippines, we analyze participatory maps depicting locations of individuals’ fishing grounds across six decades. Within a specified area, we assessed how different sample sizes (i.e. small vs. large numbers of respondents) would influence the estimated extent of fishing for a specified area. The estimated extent of fishing demonstrated asymptotic behavior as after interviewing a sufficiently large number of individuals, additional respondents did not increase the estimated extent. We determined that 120 fishers were necessary to capture 90% of the maximum spatial extent of fishing within our study area from 1990 to 2010, equivalent to 1.1% of male fishers in the region. However, a higher number of elder fishers need to be interviewed to accurately map fishing extent in 1960 to 1980. Participatory maps can provide context for current ecosystem conditions and can support guidelines for management and conservation. Their utility is strengthened by better consideration of the impacts of respondent sample sizes and how this can vary over time for historical assessments.
Effect of Normal Contact Vibration on Nano-Scale Friction
Authors: Choi Jae Hyeok , Kwan Su Kyeong , Ko Hui Eun , Park Jeong Hyun , Kim Dong Keun , Park Hai Woong , Caron Arnaud
Published: November 2019

In this work, we investigate the effect of contact vibration on the friction of sliding single asperity contacts of different adhesion strength over a wide range of load and vibration amplitude. We convert the amplitude of vibration to its equivalent modulation force and tip-oscillation velocity. We observe a logarithmic relationship between friction and the ratio of the modulation force to the normal force and between friction and the ratio of sliding velocity to the tip-oscillation velocity. We discuss these logarithmic dependencies based on an induced corrugation of the tip-sample interaction potential.
Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of Ba(1−x)CaxZryTi(1−y)O3 (BCZT): A Review
Authors: Maraj Mudassar , Wei Wenwang , Peng Biaolin , Sun Wenhong
Published: November 2019

The Ba(1−x)CaxZryTi(1−y)O3 (BCZT), a lead-free ceramic material, has attracted the scientific community since 2009 due to its large piezoelectric coefficient and resulting high dielectric permittivity. This perovskite material is a characteristic dielectric material for the pulsed power capacitors industry currently, which in turn leads to devices for effective storage and supply of electric energy. After this remarkable achievement in the area of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, the researchers are exploring both the bulk as well as thin films of this perovskite material. It is observed that the thin film of this materials have outstandingly high power densities and high energy densities which is suitable for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. From a functional materials point of view this material has also gained attention in multiferroic composite material as the ferroelectric constituent of these composites and has provided extraordinary electric properties. This article presents a review on the relevant scientific advancements that have been made by using the BCZT materials for electric energy storage applications by optimizing its dielectric properties. The article starts with a BCZT introduction and discussion of the need of this material for high energy density capacitors, followed by different synthesis techniques and the effect on dielectric properties of doping different materials in BCZT. The advantages of thin film BCZT material over bulk counterparts are also discussed and its use as one of the constituents of mutiferroic composites is also presented. Finally, it summarizes the future prospects of this material followed by the conclusions.