bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural transition of parenthood among Chinese nulliparous couples with planned pregnancies, 2013–2019
Authors: Wang Long , Han Chunying , Lv Xinyi , Zeng Shuai , Mu Rongwei , Deng Yuzhi , Xie Wenlu , Huang Jiaxin , Wu Siyu , Zhang Ya , Zhang Hongguang , He Yuan , Peng Zuoqi , Wang Yuanyuan , Shen Haiping , Wang Qiaomei , Zhang Yiping , Yan Donghai , Yang Ying , Ma Xu
Published: December 2023

Background

The postponement of parenthood is a global public health issue that has received attention of many public health experts. However, few studies have investigated the postponement in marriage age, marriage and conception interval, and pregnancy age in terms of demographic and regional heterogenicities.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional, registry-based study, and a total of 13 894 601 nulliparous couples who participated in the National Free Pre-Pregnancy Check-ups Project and became pregnant during 2013–2019 were included. We calculated annual percentage change and forest plots for marriage age, marriage and conception interval, and pregnancy age.

Results

Late marriage (marriage age ≥ 35 years), long marriage and conception interval (marriage and conception interval ≥ 2 years), and advanced pregnancy (pregnancy age ≥ 35 years) increased from 1.20%, 22.01%, and 1.88% in 2013 to 1.69%, 32.75%, and 2.79% in 2019, respectively. The corresponding annual percentage changes were 6.55%, 8.44%, and 8.17%. Participants without higher education had a higher annual percentage change, but comparable prevalence for long marriage and conception interval with participants with higher education. Participants residing in second- or new first-tier cities, and the northeast of China who had a higher prevalence of parenthood postponement also had higher corresponding annual percentage changes.

Conclusions

Structural postponement of parenthood with demographic and regional heterogenicities was observed among Chinese nulliparous couples with planned pregnancies during 2013–2019. Inclusive and comprehensive parenting support should be developed and implemented in mainland China to minimize the negative health effects arising from the postponement, especially for couples without higher education and living in new first/second-tier cities or the northeast China.
The impact of digitization and conventional techniques on the fit of fixed partial dentures FPDs: systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Saeed Esraa A. M. , Alaghbari Samar S. , Lin Niu
Published: December 2023

Purpose of the study

The goal behind this study is to answer the question “In tooth-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs), does the digital impression techniques compared to fabrications using conventional impression methods improve the marginal and internal fit?

Background

The incorporation of digital technology in the fabrication of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) has accelerated over the past decade. This study is directed at evaluating the marginal and internal fit of FPDs manufactured using digital approaches compared to conventional techniques. The need for updated data has encouraged this review.

Materials and methods

An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Grey Database to identify relevant studies. The Modified Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the risk of bias in in vitro experiments.

The key results of this meta-analysis were the standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each main variance, marginal fit, and internal fit between the digital and conventional techniques.

Additional analyses were performed to assess the significance of three subgroup parameters: method of digitalization, cement spacer thickness, and span length, and their influence on the fit of the FPDs.

Results

Based on predefined criteria, of the seven articles included in this systematic review, only five were selected for the quantitative data analysis. The marginal fit results were (P = 0.06; SMD: -1.88; 95% CI: − 3.88, 0.11) (P > 0.05) and the internal fit results were (P = 0.02; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.10) (P < 0.05).

Regarding the subgroup analyses, the method of digitalization subgroup results were (P = 0.35; SMD: -1.89; 95% CI: − 3.89, 0.11) and (P = 0.80; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.11) for marginal and internal fit, respectively. The span length results were (P = 0.10; SMD: -1.89; 95% CI: − 3.89, 0.11) for marginal fit and (P = 0.02; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.11) for internal fit. The cement spacer thickness (P = 0.01; SMD: -1.89; 95% CI: − 3.89, 0.11) and (P = 0.04; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.11) for marginal and internal fit, respectively.

Conclusion

Tooth-retained fixed partial dentures FPDs produced by digital scanning and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems can significantly enhance the internal fit compared with those manufactured by traditional methods.

Intraoral scanners can replace conventional impressions for the fabrication of FPDs because they minimize the operating time and reduce patient pain.

Further clinical studies are required to obtain more conclusive results.

Systematic review registration

This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42021261397.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Ghasemi Saeideh , Farokhpour Fataneh , Mortezagholi Bardia , Movahed Emad , Ghaedi Arshin , Gargari Morad Kohandel , Khanzadeh Monireh , Bazrgar Aida , Khanzadeh Shokoufeh
Published: December 2023

Background

We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize all studies that reported the level of oxidative and antioxidative markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients compared to controls.

Methods

We registered our study in PROSPERO (CRD42023431310). PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant publications up to June 5, 2023. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We included 30 articles after multiple stags of screening.

Results

We found that erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = − 1.00, 95%CI = -1.79 to -0.21, p = 0.013, and SMD = − 1.90, 95%CI = -3.43 to -0.38, p = 0.01, Respectively). However, there was not any difference between patients with RAS and healthy controls in erythrocyte Catalase (SMD = − 0.71, 95%CI = -1.56–0.14, p = 0.10). The total antioxidant status (TAS) level, in serum was significantly lower in patients than healthy controls (SMD = − 0.98, 95%CI = -1.57 to -0.39, p = 0.001). In addition, RAS patients had higher levels of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Serum total oxidant status, and serum oxidative stress index than healthy controls (SMD = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.43–2.79, p < 0.001, SMD = 1.53, 95%CI = 0.34–2.72, p = 0.01, and SMD = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.25–2.25, p = 0.014, Respectively); However, salivary MDA and TAS, and serum uric acid, vitamin E and C, and reduced glutathione levels of patients with RAS were not different from that of healthy controls.

Conclusions

The relationship between oxidative stress and RAS is well established in this meta-analysis. Although the molecular processes underlying the etiology of this pathology remain unknown, evidence indicating oxidative stress has a significant role in the pathogenesis of RAS has been revealed.
The meaning of dying and death for children, their carers, and families: a scoping review
Authors: Lamb Christina M. , Ramer Kianna , Amodu Oluwakemi , Groenenboom Kelsey
Published: December 2023

Background

The meaning of dying and death are underexplored concepts for Canadian children. Subsequently, it is unclear how children and stakeholders make meaning of children’s holistic health needs at the end of life.

Methods

A scoping review of the international scholarly literature was conducted. Thirteen data sources were searched to search the scholarly literature without date limits until January 2022. Studies were included on the basis of population: children (aged 0–19 years), families and caregivers; setting (in Canada and end-of-life or dying phases of living) and concepts of interest (dying and death).

Results

Of the 7377 studies identified, 12 were included for data extraction and content thematic analysis. The themes and subthemes include: 1) valuing the whole person; 2) living while dying; 3) authentic death talk; 4) a supportive approach (with lack and presence of support as subthemes); and, 5) a personalist approach.

Conclusions

There is a pressing need for research into the meaning of dying and death for children, their carers and families in Canada. Lack of holistic care, authentic death talk, specialized pediatric palliative care providers, a personalist approach and communities of support present major gaps in care for Canadian children. Research is urgently needed to address these knowledge gaps to generate policy and support practice for dying children in Canada.
Factors influencing the help-seeking behavior in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a qualitative study
Authors: Jiao Yu-Chen , Chang Jing , Liu Chang , Zhou Shi-Yu , Ji Yan , Meng Yao
Published: December 2023

Background

The early diagnosis and intervention of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients is expected to delay the progression of AD. Delayed treatment will lead to MCI patients missing the best intervention expectation. At present, the medical help-seeking behavior of this group is not optimistic. This study aimed to explore influencing factors of help-seeking behavior among patients with MCI in China based on the help-seeking behavior model.

Methods

Twenty-two patients with MCI were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews via purposeful sampling with a qualitative, descriptive design. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

Results

The study revealed the main influencing factors of help-seeking behavior among MCI patients in China included perceived disease threat, symptom attribution, disease knowledge, use of cognitive compensation strategies, sense of foreseeable burden, social support, economic condition, and accessibility of medical service.

Conclusions

The help-seeking behavior of patients with MCI is affected by multiple factors. There are some key factors in different stages of the help-seeking process. Healthcare providers can utilize these factors to design targeted interventions for promoting early help-seeking of patients with MCI.
Key m6A regulators mediated methylation modification pattern and immune infiltration characterization in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Yixi , Qi Can , Guo Yiwen , Li Xuefeng , Zhu Zebin
Published: December 2023

Background

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification plays a critical role in various human biological processes. However, there has been no study reported to elucidate its role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study was aimed to explore the expression pattern together with the potential functions of m6A regulators in hepatic IRI.

Methods

The gene expression data (GSE23649) of m6A regulators in human liver tissue samples before cold perfusion and within 2 h after portal vein perfusion from Gene Expression Omnibus database was analyzed. The candidate m6A regulators were screened using random forest (RF) model to predict the risk of hepatic IRI. The evaluation of infiltrating abundance of 23 immune cells was performed using single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Besides, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was carried out to validate the expression of key m6A regulators in mouse hepatic IRI model.

Results

The expressions of WTAP, CBLL1, RBM15, and YTHDC1 were found to be increased in liver tissues 2 h after portal vein perfusion; in contrast, the expressions of LRPPRC, FTO, METTL3, and ALKBH5 were decreased. Based on RF model, we identified eight m6A methylation regulators for the prediction of the risk of hepatic IRI. Besides, a nomogram was built to predict the probability of hepatic IRI. In addition, the levels of WTAP, ALKBH5, CBLL1, FTO, RBM15B, LRPPRC and YTHDC1 were correlated with the immune infiltration of activated CD4 T cell, activated dendritic cell (DC), immature DC, mast cell, neutrophil, plasmacytoid DC, T helper (Th) cell (type 1, 2, and 17), gamma delta T cell, T follicular helper (Tfh) cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), macrophage, natural killer cell, and regulatory Th cell. Among mouse hepatic IRI model, the mRNA level of CBLL1 and YTHDC1 was increased with statistical significance; however, the mRNA level of FTO and METTL3 was decreased among post-reperfusion liver samples compared with those in pre-reperfusion samples with statistical significance.

Conclusions

The m6A regulators exerted a pivotal impact on hepatic IRI. The m6A patterns that found in this study might provide novel targets and strategies for the alleviation/treatment of hepatic IRI in the future.
Rotundic acid improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by regulating glycolysis and the TLR4/AP1 signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Xing-Yang , Zheng Xiao-Min , Liu Hui-Jie , Han Xue , Zhang Lei , Hu Bei , Li Shan
Published: December 2023

Background

Steatosis and inflammation are the hallmarks of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Rotundic acid (RA) is among the key triterpenes of Ilicis Rotundae Cortex and has exhibited multipronged effects in terms of lowering the lipid content and alleviating inflammation. The study objective is to systematically evaluate the potential mechanisms through which RA affects the development and progression of NASH.

Methods

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of primary hepatocytes isolated from the control, high-fat diet-induced NASH, and RA treatment groups were performed through Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment. Hub genes were identified through network analysis. Integrative analysis revealed key RA-regulated pathways, which were verified by gene and protein expression studies and cell assays.

Results

Hub genes were identified and enriched in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/activator protein-1 (AP1) signaling pathway and glycolysis pathway. RA reversed glycolysis and attenuated the TLR4/AP1 pathway, thereby reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation. Additionally, lactate release in L-02 cells increased with NaAsO2-treated and significantly decreased with RA treatment, thus revealing that RA had a major impact on glycolysis.

Conclusions

RA is effective in lowering the lipid content and reducing inflammation in mice with NASH by ameliorating glycolysis and TLR4/AP1 pathways, which contributes to the existing knowledge and potentially sheds light on the development of therapeutic interventions for patients with NASH.
Tools, frameworks and resources to guide global action on strengthening rural health systems: a mapping review
Authors: Pamungkas Dewi Retno , O’Sullivan Belinda , McGrail Matthew , Chater Bruce
Published: December 2023

Background

Inequities of health outcomes persist in rural populations globally. This is strongly associated with there being less health coverage in rural and underserviced areas. Increasing health care coverage in rural area requires rural health system strengthening, which subsequently necessitates having tools to guide action.

Objective

This mapping review aimed to describe the range of tools, frameworks and resources (hereafter called tools) available globally for rural health system capacity building.

Methods

This study collected peer-reviewed materials published in 15-year period (2005–2020). A systematic mapping review process identified 149 articles for inclusion, related to 144 tools that had been developed, implemented, and/or evaluated (some tools reported over multiple articles) which were mapped against the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) six health system building blocks (agreed as the elements that need to be addressed to strengthen health systems).

Results

The majority of tools were from high- and middle-income countries (n = 85, 59% and n = 43, 29%, respectively), and only 17 tools (12%) from low-income countries. Most tools related to the health service building block (n = 57, 39%), or workforce (n = 33, 23%). There were a few tools related to information and leadership and governance (n = 8, 5% each). Very few tools related to infrastructure (n = 3, 2%) and financing (n = 4, 3%). This mapping review also provided broad quality appraisal, showing that the majority of the tools had been evaluated or validated, or both (n = 106, 74%).

Conclusion

This mapping review provides evidence that there is a breadth of tools available for health system strengthening globally along with some gaps where no tools were identified for specific health system building blocks. Furthermore, most tools were developed and applied in HIC/MIC and it is important to consider factors that influence their utility in LMIC settings. It may be important to develop new tools related to infrastructure and financing. Tools that have been positively evaluated should be made available to all rural communities, to ensure comprehensive global action on rural health system strengthening.
Challenges and progress of neurodrug: bioactivities, production and delivery strategies of nerve growth factor protein
Authors: Zhou Nan , Gu TingWei , Xu Yang , Liu Yuda , Peng LiHua
Published: December 2023

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a vital cytokine that plays a crucial role in the development and regeneration of the nervous system. It has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various neural diseases. However, as a protein drug, limited natural source seriously hinders its translation and clinical applications. Conventional extraction of NGF from mouse submandibular glands has a very high cost and potentially induces immunogenicity; total synthesis and semi-synthesis methods are alternatives, but have difficulty in obtaining correct protein structure; gene engineering of plant cells is thought to be non-immunogenic, bioactive and economical. Meanwhile, large molecular weight, high polarity, and negative electrical charge make it difficult for NGF to cross the blood brain barrier to reach therapeutic targets. Current delivery strategies mainly depend on the adenovirus and cell biodelivery, but the safety and efficacy remain to be improved. New materials are widely investigated for the controllable, safe and precise delivery of NGF. This review illustrates physiological and therapeutic effects of NGF for various diseases. Moreover, new progress in production and delivery technologies for NGF are summarized. Bottlenecks encountered in the development of NGF as therapeutics are also discussed with the countermeasures proposed.
Potential of acetic acid to restore methane production in anaerobic reactors critically intoxicated by ammonia as evidenced by metabolic and microbial monitoring
Authors: Lemaigre Sébastien , Gerin Patrick A. , Adam Gilles , Klimek Dominika , Goux Xavier , Herold Malte , Frkova Zuzana , Calusinska Magdalena , Delfosse Philippe
Published: December 2023

Background

Biogas and biomethane production from the on-farm anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal manure and agri-food wastes could play a key role in transforming Europe’s energy system by mitigating its dependence on fossil fuels and tackling the climate crisis. Although ammonia is essential for microbial growth, it inhibits the AD process if present in high concentrations, especially under its free form, thus leading to economic losses. In this study, which includes both metabolic and microbial monitoring, we tested a strategy to restore substrate conversion to methane in AD reactors facing critical free ammonia intoxication.

Results

The AD process of three mesophilic semi-continuous 100L reactors critically intoxicated by free ammonia (> 3.5 g_N L−1; inhibited hydrolysis and heterotrophic acetogenesis; interrupted methanogenesis) was restored by applying a strategy that included reducing pH using acetic acid, washing out total ammonia with water, re-inoculation with active microbial flora and progressively re-introducing sugar beet pulp as a feed substrate. After 5 weeks, two reactors restarted to hydrolyse the pulp and produced CH4 from the methylotrophic methanogenesis pathway. The acetoclastic pathway remained inhibited due to the transient dominance of a strictly methylotrophic methanogen (Candidatus Methanoplasma genus) to the detriment of Methanosarcina. Concomitantly, the third reactor, in which Methanosarcina remained dominant, produced CH4 from the acetoclastic pathway but faced hydrolysis inhibition. After 11 weeks, the hydrolysis, the acetoclastic pathway and possibly the hydrogenotrophic pathway were functional in all reactors. The methylotrophic pathway was no longer favoured. Although syntrophic propionate oxidation remained suboptimal, the final pulp to CH4 conversion ratio (0.41 ± 0.10 LN_CH4 g_VS−1) was analogous to the pulp biochemical methane potential (0.38 ± 0.03 LN_CH4 g_VS−1).

Conclusions

Despite an extreme free ammonia intoxication, the proposed process recovery strategy allowed CH4 production to be restored in three intoxicated reactors within 8 weeks, a period during which re-inoculation appeared to be crucial to sustain the process. Introducing acetic acid allowed substantial CH4 production during the recovery period. Furthermore, the initial pH reduction promoted ammonium capture in the slurry, which could allow the field application of the effluents produced by full-scale digesters recovering from ammonia intoxication.
Rapid insecticide resistance bioassays for three major urban insects in Taiwan
Authors: Pai Hsiu-Hua , Chang Chun-Yung , Lin Kai-Chen , Hsu Err-Lieh
Published: December 2023

Background

Taiwan’s warm and humid climate and dense population provide a suitable environment for the breeding of pests. The three major urban insects in Taiwan are house flies, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. In cases where a disease outbreak or high pest density necessitates chemical control, selecting the most effective insecticide is crucial. The resistance of pests to the selected environmental insecticide must be rapidly assessed to achieve effective chemical control and reduce environmental pollution.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the resistance of various pests, namely, house flies (Musca domestica L.), cockroaches (Blattella germanica L. and Periplaneta americana), and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus) against 10 commonly used insecticides. Rapid insecticide resistance bioassays were performed using discriminating doses or concentrations of the active ingredients of insecticides.

Results

Five field strains of M. domestica (L.) are resistant to all 10 commonly used insecticides and exhibit cross- and multiple resistance to four types of pyrethroids and three types of organophosphates, propoxur, fipronil, and imidacloprid. None of the five field strains of P. americana are resistant to any of the tested insecticides, and only one strain of B. germanica (L.) is resistant to permethrin. One strain of Ae. albopictus is resistant to pirimiphos-methyl, whereas five strains of Ae. aegypti exhibit multiple resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and other insecticides.

Conclusions

In the event of a disease outbreak or high pest density, rapid insecticide resistance bioassays may be performed using discriminating doses or concentrations to achieve precise and effective chemical control, reduce environmental pollution, and increase control efficacy.

Graphical Abstract
Seroprevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among students in two senior high schools in the Krachi Nchumuru district in Ghana-A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nyambah Patrick K. , Agjei Richard , Sarfo Bismark
Published: December 2023

Background

There is paucity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) data among student populations although Ghana is HBV endemic. Screening and identification of factors associated with HBV transmission in schools will support the intervention in the elimination of the virus by 2030. This study assessed the seroprevalence and factors associated with HBV among students in two Senior High Schools in the Krachi Nchumuru District in Ghana.

Methods

Through cross-sectional design and simple random sampling technique, 300 first-year students were enrolled from selected Senior High Schools. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic and exposure factors while rapid test kit was used to detect HBV infections. Chi-square/Fisher exact test and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine the association between the variables at a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 significant level.

Results

Seroprevalence of HBV was 14% (42/300) among the students. The prevalence was significantly (p = 0.001) higher in males 19.4% (34/175) than females 6.4% (8/125). 77.7% (233/300) were aware of HBV infection. Males who were circumcised were 4 times more likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 4.09, 95%CI = 1.82–9.19) (p = 0.001) compared with those uncircumcised.

Conclusion

HBV screening and education on hygienic genital circumcision practices must be prioritized in endemic countries.
A comparative study of bibliometric analysis on old adults’ cognitive impairment based on Web of Science and CNKI via CiteSpace
Authors: Yan Shuyi , Pang Mingli , Wang Jieru , Chen Rui , Liu Hui , Xu Xixing , Li Bingsong , Li Qinling , Kong Fanlei
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status, the research hot spots and frontiers of cognitive impairment (CI) on old adults from 2012 to 2022 based on Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) via CiteSpace, and provide new in-sights for researchers.

Methods

The articles regarding the old adults’ CI in the WoS and CNKI were retrieved from 2012 to 2022. CiteSpaceV.6.1.R4 was used to generate network maps.

Results

Four thousand seven hundred thirteen publications and 304 publications from CNKI were retrieved. Overall, from 2012 to 2022, the trend of articles published in WoS and CNKI were increasing. Data from WoS showed that USA, University of California, Petersen RC were the most influential country, institution and author respectively; Folstein MF, Neurology and a diagnosis guideline of mild CI were the most cited author, journal and reference separately; while the keywords of CI could be summarized in 3 aspects: related disease and symptom, risk factors, manifestations. Data from CNKI illustrated that Peking Union Medical College, Dan Liu were the most influential institution and scholar respectively, while the keywords of CI could be summarized in 3 aspects: related disease and symptoms, risk factors, intervention.

Conclusion

Articles published on old adults’ CI were drawing an increasing amount of attention from 2012 to 2022 both in WoS and CNKI. Keywords of CI in WoS and CNKI both focused on risk factors, related disease and symptom, yet WoS contributed more to the mechanism and CNKI contributed more to the intervention.
Molecular and functional characterization of Schistosoma japonicum annexin A13
Authors: Zhong Haoran , Hou Ling , Qin Fanglin , Ren Yuqi , Dong Bowen , Zhu Danlin , Li Hao , Lu Ke , Fu Zhiqiang , Liu Jinming , Gu Shaopeng , Jin Yamei
Published: December 2023

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects humans and animals in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Schistosome eggs are responsible for the pathogenesis and transmission of schistosomiasis, thus reducing egg production is vital for prevention and control of schistosomiasis. However, the mechanisms underlying schistosome reproduction remain unclear. Annexin proteins (ANXs) are involved in the physiological and pathological functions of schistosomes, but the specific regulatory mechanisms and roles of ANX A13 in the development of Schistosoma japonicum and host–parasite interactions remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, the expression profiles of SjANX A13 at different life cycle stages of S. japonicum were assessed using quantitative PCR. In addition, the expression profiles of the homolog in S. mansoni were analyzed in reference to public datasets. The results of RNA interference showed that knockdown of SjANX A13 significantly affected the development and egg production of female worms in vivo. The results of an immune protection assay showed that recombinant SjANX A13 increased production of immunoglobulin G-specific antibodies. Finally, co-culture of S. japonicum exosomes with LX-2 cells using a transwell system demonstrated that SjANX A13 is involved in host–parasite interactions via exosomes. Collectively, these results will help to clarify the roles of SjANX A13 in the development of S. japonicum and host–parasite interactions as a potential vaccine candidate.
Post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes: tree regeneration dominated by fire-adapted, early-seral species increases with latitude
Authors: Ruggirello Matthew Joseph , Bustamante Gimena , Rodriguez Paula , Cruz-Alonso Verónica , Soler Rosina
Published: December 2023

Key message

Above 40° N/S, increasing latitude is linked to greater post-fire tree regeneration. However, species dominance shifts from conifers to short-lived deciduous trees, which may negatively impact flora, fauna, and ecosystem services dependent on coniferous forests. These results were primarily driven by studies from North America, highlighting the need for more research that directly measures post-fire forest recovery in other high-latitude regions.

Context

As the size and frequency of wildfires increase across many regions, high-latitude forests may be at particular risk for decreases in regeneration and state shifts post-fire.

Aims

Through this systematic review, we sought to determine the general relationship between post-fire tree regeneration densities and latitude in forests above 40° N/S. We expected regeneration densities post-fire would decrease with increasing latitude, and that forest regeneration would be negatively impacted by high burn severities, forest management, harsh site conditions, and unprotected microsites. We also anticipated that light-demanding species with adaptations to fire would replace shade-tolerant species that lack such adaptations post-fire.

Methods

We conducted a literature search that returned over 4500 articles. We selected those that directly measured post-fire regeneration at or above 40° N/S and retained 93 articles for analysis. Fire characteristics, pre- and post-fire tree species compositions and regeneration densities, and regeneration predictors were then extracted from the retained articles. We fit linear mixed models to post-fire regeneration density with latitude and species traits as explanatory variables and also explored the significance and magnitude of predictors that informed post-fire tree species response.

Results

Contrary to our expectations, post-fire regeneration increased significantly with latitude. High burn severities and unprotected microsites had negative impacts on post-fire regeneration; higher elevations and more prolific pre- or post-fire reproduction were positively correlated with post-fire regeneration, while management of any type did not have an impact.

Conclusion

Although forests are regenerating after wildfires at the most extreme latitudes included in this study (above 55° N), regeneration is often limited to only a handful of genera: aspen (Populus) and birch (Betula), for example. Regeneration was less abundant at the lower range of our study area. Certain lower latitude forests that occupy marginal habitats are under increasing stress from drier, warmer conditions that are exacerbated by wildfires. Results were largely driven by studies from Canada and the USA and may not be applicable to all high-latitude forests.
RNA N6-methyladenosine-modified-binding protein YTHDF1 promotes prostate cancer progression by regulating androgen function-related gene TRIM68
Authors: Nie Qihong , Wu Xiaoyuan , Huang Yongming , Guo Tao , Kuang Jin , Du Chuance
Published: December 2023

Purpose

There is no report about the direct relationship between m6A modification and androgen receptor (AR)-related genes in prostate cancer (PC). We aimed to study the mechanisms of m6A methylation in regulating the pathogenesis of PC from the perspective of AR-related genes.

Methods

qRT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of m6A-related genes in PC cell with or without AR inhibitor. The effects of YTHDF1 knockdown on PC cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were investigated using flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The mechanism of YTHDF1 action was investigated using m6A RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) sequencing. The biological functions of YTHDF1 were also explored through in vivo experiments.

Results

YTHDF1 was significantly down-regulated in AR inhibitor group. YTHDF1 knockdown significantly decreased AR level, viability and m6A methylation level of PC cells. TRIM68 was identified as a direct target of YTHDF1. Both YTHDF1 and TRIM68 knockdown increased apoptosis, and decreased cell viability, migration, and invasion of PC cells, while TRIM68 overexpression reversed the effects of YTHDF1 knockdown on PC cells. In addition, knockdown of YTHDF1 or TRIM68 significantly decreased the m6A methylation level, and mRNA and protein levels of YTHDF1, TRIM68 and AR in PC cells, while TRIM68 overexpression increased the expression levels above. Furthermore, subcutaneous xenografts of nude mice also revealed that TRIM68 could reverse the effects of YTHDF1 knockdown in PC in vivo.

Conclusion

This study suggested the key role of YTHDF1-mediated m6A modification in PC progression by regulating androgen function-related gene TRIM68 in PC.
A J-shaped relationship between body mass index and the risk of elevated liver stiffness: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Yuan Sheng , Zuo Jing , Liu Sha , Tang Xiaoyan , Li Xia , Yao Dongai , Jin Yalei
Published: December 2023

Background

Liver stiffness (LS) is regarded as an indicator of the stages of liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and LS; however, the conclusions remain controversial. In the current study, we utilized transient elastography (TE) technique, which could measure LS in a non-painful and noninvasive way, to explore the relationship between BMI and the risk of elevated LS in common community residents.

Methods

5791 participants were included in the present study. To calculate BMI value, height and weight of the participants were carefully measured. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) > 9.1 kPa was considered as a cutoff suggesting elevated LS. The relationship of BMI and risk of elevated LS was derived using generalized linear regression models, and the threshold effect was then analyzed by smooth curve fitting and segmented regression model.

Results

Elevated LS was detected in 230 participants (3.97%) using the TE technique. After potential confounders were adjusted according to the individual’s demographic variables, underlying comorbidities and blood biochemical test results, we observed a J-shaped relationship between BMI and the risk of elevated LS, with the inflection point at 23.05 kg/m2. The effect size (and confidence interval) was 0.84 (0.71, 0.98) on the left side of the inflection point, and 1.32 (1.24, 1.41) on the right side of it.

Conclusions

Our study found a novel J-shaped relationship between BMI and the risk of elevated LS assessed by TE technique. Abnormal BMI, either higher or lower, was associated with an increased risk of elevated LS.
Anti-methanogenic potential of seaweeds and seaweed-derived compounds in ruminant feed: current perspectives, risks and future prospects
Authors: McGurrin Ailbhe , Maguire Julie , Tiwari Brijesh K. , Garcia-Vaquero Marco
Published: December 2023

With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17% of total methane emissions worldwide, there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this sector. One of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome, reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce methane. Recently, seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo, with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis (attributed to the bromoform content of this species). From the literature analysis in this study, levels of up to 99% reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed, although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal feed. This review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives, as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these effects. The effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed, as well as the future challenges when considering the large-scale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.
Prevalence, characteristics, and correlates of probable avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder among adult respondents to the National Eating Disorders Association online screen: a cross-sectional study
Authors: D’Adamo Laura , Smolar Lauren , Balantekin Katherine N. , Taylor C. Barr , Wilfley Denise E. , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E.
Published: December 2023

Background

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a serious, albeit under-researched, feeding or eating disorder. This exploratory study utilized data from adult respondents to the National Eating Disorders Association online eating disorder screen to validate items assessing the presence of ARFID and examine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and correlates of a positive ARFID screen.

Methods

Among 50,082 adult screen respondents between January 2022 and January 2023, the prevalence of a positive ARFID screen was calculated. Chi-square tests and t-tests compared demographics, eating disorder attitudes and behaviors, suicidal ideation, current eating disorder treatment status, and eating disorder treatment-seeking intentions between respondents with possible ARFID and other eating disorder diagnostic and risk categories. Clinical characteristics of respondents with possible ARFID were also examined.

Results

2378 (4.7%) adult respondents screened positive for ARFID. Respondents with possible ARFID tended to be younger, male, and have lower household income, and were less likely to be White and more likely to be Hispanic/Latino than most other diagnostic/risk groups. They had lower weight/shape concerns and eating disorder behaviors than most other diagnoses and higher BMI than those with AN. 35% reported suicidal ideation, 47% reported intentions to seek treatment for an eating disorder, and 2% reported currently being in treatment. The most common clinical feature of ARFID was lack of interest in eating (80%), followed by food sensory avoidance (55%) and avoidance of food due to fear of aversive consequences (31%).

Conclusions

Findings from this study indicated that ARFID was prevalent among adult screen respondents and more common among individuals who were younger, male, non-White, Hispanic, and lower income relative to those with other eating disorders, at risk for an eating disorder, or at low risk. Individuals with possible ARFID frequently reported suicidal ideation and were rarely in treatment for an eating disorder. Further research is urgently needed to improve advances in the assessment and treatment of ARFID and improve access to care in order to prevent prolonged illness duration.
Mechanical, physical and thermal properties of composite materials produced with the basidiomycete Fomes fomentarius
Authors: Schmidt Bertram , Freidank-Pohl Carsten , Zillessen Justus , Stelzer Lisa , Guitar Tamara Núñez , Lühr Carsten , Müller Henri , Zhang Fangxing , Hammel Jörg U. , Briesen Heiko , Jung Sascha , Gusovius Hans-Jörg , Meyer Vera
Published: December 2023

Background

To achieve climate neutrality, fundamentally new concepts of circularity need to be implemented by the building sector as it contributes to 40% of anthropogenic CO2 emission. Fungal biotechnology can make a significant contribution here and help eliminate fossil dependency for building material production. Recently, we have shown that the medicinal polypore Fomes fomentarius feeds well on renewable lignocellulosic biomass and produces composite materials that could potentially replace fossil fuel-based expanded polystyrene as insulation material.

Results

In this study, we explored the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of F. fomentarius-based composite materials in more detail and determined key performance parameters that are important to evaluate the usability of F. fomentarius-based composite materials in the construction sector. These parameters were determined according to European standards and included compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, thermal conductivity, water vapour permeability, and flammability of uncompressed composites as well as flexural strength, transverse tensile strength, and water absorption capacity of heat-pressed composites, among others. We could show that uncompressed composites obtained from F. fomentarius and hemp shives display a thermal conductivity of 0.044 W (m K)−1 which is in the range of natural organic fibres. A water vapour permeability of 1.72 and classification into flammability class B1 clearly surpasses fossil-based insulation materials including expanded polystyrene and polyurethane. We could furthermore show that heat-pressing can be used to reliably generate stiff and firm particleboards that have the potential to replace current wood-based particleboards that contain synthetic additives. X-ray microcomputed tomography finally visualized for the first time the growth of hyphae of F. fomentarius on and into the hemp shive substrates and generated high-resolution images of the microstructure of F. fomentarius-based composites.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that fungal-based composites produced with F. fomentarius partially meet or even exceed key performance parameters of currently used fossil fuel-based insulation materials and can also be used to replace particleboards.
Targeting the epigenome to reinvigorate T cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xiong Dian , Zhang Lu , Sun Zhi-Jun
Published: December 2023

Cancer immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment; however, ICI efficacy is constrained by progressive dysfunction of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which is termed T cell exhaustion. This process is driven by diverse extrinsic factors across heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Simultaneously, tumorigenesis entails robust reshaping of the epigenetic landscape, potentially instigating T cell exhaustion. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms governing tumor microenvironmental cues leading to T cell exhaustion, and discuss therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic regulators for immunotherapies. Finally, we outline conceptual and technical advances in developing potential treatment paradigms involving immunostimulatory agents and epigenetic therapies.
Pseudoaneurysm of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa with rupture: a case report
Authors: Nakata Kosuke , Moriyama Shuji , Takaki Jun , Takeo Masahiro , Doi Hideki , Matsumura Toshiyuki , Fukui Toshihiro
Published: December 2023

Background

Mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is a fibrous region connecting the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and aortic valve. Pseudoaneurysm of the MAIVF is a rare condition that has been reported as a sequela of infective endocarditis (IE) and surgical trauma. Here, we report a case of a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the MAIVF, along with some literature reviews.

Case presentation

A 65-year-old man diagnosed with moderate aortic regurgitation five years previously had a fever of unknown origin. He suddenly developed headache and apraxia and was transported to our hospital. He was diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage and admitted. One week after admission, echocardiography revealed aorto-mitral discontinuity and protrusion with severe regurgitant flow from left ventricular outflow tract to the left atrium. The AML was suspected to have ruptured. However, intraoperatively, the AML structure was preserved. A ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the MAIVF was also observed. Therefore, we successfully performed pseudoaneurysm repair using a bovine pericardial patch, aortic valve replacement, and mitral annuloplasty.

Conclusions

P-MAIVF is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of IE, for which timely diagnosis and prompt appropriate therapeutic intervention are required. In the present case, although neither obvious active IE nor history of previous IE could be identified, healed IE was considered based on the clinical course. The patient had intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) with well-controlled heart failure and underwent elective surgical repair more than one month after the onset of ICH, while the clinical course after the surgical procedure was uneventful.
The feasibility of self-performing measurements of peripheral oxygen saturation and respiratory exercises in home-isolated COVID-19 patients—a single-arm prospective trial
Authors: Myklebust-Hansen Hans Joakim , Hasvik Eivind , Solyga Volker M. , Ghanima Waleed
Published: December 2023

Background

COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease where isolation of infected individuals is deemed warranted. If possible, home isolation is preferred over hospitalization. This implies a need for methods of observation that can ensure the safety of these patients. Preventive treatment methods that can both decrease the probability for development of critical disease and hopefully decrease the need for hospitalization would be an added benefit. This was a single-arm prospective pilot study performed to assess the feasibility of performing self-measurements of SpO2 and respiratory exercises in at-home isolated COVID-19 patients.

Method

A total of 40 ambulant SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals in home isolation were followed up for a period of 14 days. At baseline, they were equipped with a pulse oximeter, PEF meter, a project diary to note all measurements, and simple instructions on how to perform respiratory exercises. No other contact was made, but participants were instructed to contact the hospital based on given criteria for blood oxygenation levels and dyspnea severity and to return study equipment and the project diary at the end of study.

Results

During the follow-up period, 35 participants (87.5%) recorded daily SpO2 measurements, and 12 (30%) adhered to daily respiratory exercises as instructed. Four participants (10%) were admitted to hospital during the follow-up period. Five participants terminated follow-up prematurely.

Conclusions

Performing self-measurements of SpO2 during home isolation due to COVID-19 infection is feasible. The feasibility of performing respiratory exercises in ambulant patients is questionable and may require more motivational interventions to increase adherence.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04647747.