bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Papan Pecahan untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Taufikurrahman Taufikurrahman , Nurhaswinda Nurhaswinda
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya pemahaman konsep Matematika siswa pada tema Menyayangi Tumbuhan dan Hewan di kelas III-B SD N 006 Bengkong Batam. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan menggunakan Alat Peraga Papan Pecahan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan Penggunaan Media Alat Peraga Papan Pecahan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep Matematika pada tema Menyayangi Tumbuhan dan Hewan di kelas III-B SD N 006 Bengkong Batam. Metode Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari satu pertemuan dan empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, refleksi, dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2019. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas III-B yang berjumlah 28 orang, dengan jumlah siswa laki-laki 15 orang, dan siswa perempuan berjumlah 13 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi, observasi, dan penilaian kinerja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil pemahaman siswa pada penggunaan media alat peraga papan pecahan pada tema menyayangi hewan dan tumbuhan di kelas III-B SD N 006 Bengkong Batam pada siklus I tergolong baik dengan rata-rata 70,71. Selanjutnya dari 28 orang siswa hanya 18 orang yang tuntas dengan ketuntasan klasikal 64,00%. Pada siklus II tergolong baik dengan rata-rata 78,21 dari 22 orang siswa terdapat 28 orang siswa yang tuntas dengan ketuntasan klasikal 89,00%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan mengetahui penerapan Penggunaan Media Alat Peraga Papan Pecahan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep Matematika pada tema Menyayangi Tumbuhan dan Hewan SD N 006 Bengkong Batam.
Penerapan Metode Silaba Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Silvia Suci , Pebriana Putri Hana , Sumianto Sumianto
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi rendahnya keterampilan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SDN 012 Bengkong Batam. Salah satu solusi utuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan menerapkan metode silaba. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca siswa kelas I pada tema Keluargaku dengan menggunakan metode silaba. Metode peelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yanng dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan dan empat tahapan yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, refleksi, dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada 20 November 2019- 28 November 2019. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas I yaitu berjumlah 40 orang. Teknik pengumpulan berupa dokumentasi, observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan membaca permulaan siswa dengan tema Keluarhalu pada siklus I tergolong kurang efektif dengan presentase ketuntasan siswa 65% dengan nilai rata-rata 72,13. Sedangkan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sangat baik yakni ketuntasan siswa 92,5%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penerapan metode silaba dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SDN 012 Bengkong.
Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Dalam Berkomunikasi Lisan Melalui Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok Di Kelas XII ATP 1 SMK Negeri 1 Pasir Penyu Tahun 2019
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani
Published: July 2021

Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dalam berkomunikasi lisan siswa Kelas XII ATP 1 SMK Negeri 1 Pasir Penyu melalui layanan bimbingan kelompok. Bagi siswa; Memperbaiki dan meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dalam berkomunikasi lisan siswa Kelas XII ATP 1, meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam berkomunikasi dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga hasil belajarnya juga akan meningkat. Bagi guru; Meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap dalam memberikan layanan konseling, dapat memperbaiki teknik melakukan konseling, Karena dengan adanya metode yang digunakan menarik bagi siswa. Bagi sekolah; Meningkatkan kualitas diri siswa, kualitas pendidikan, meningkatkan kualitas guru dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) terdiri dari dua siklus, pada siklus pertama dilakukan tindakan bimbingan koseling kepada siswa dengan metode ceramah, Selanjutnya pada siklus kedua dilakukan tindakan bimbingan kelompok menggunakan metode permaianan game role play. Berdasarkan hasil refleksi dari siklus pertama. Ada empat tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian tindakan yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil siswa setelah dilakukan bimbingan kelompok dalam koseling yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini sehingga hipotesis tindakan yang diajukan dapat diterima. Dengan kata lain bahwa dengan bimbingan kelompok menggunakan gamre role play pada bimbingan konseling dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dalam berkomunikasi lisan siswa di Kelas XII ATP 1 SMK Negeri 1 Pasir Penyu. Sebaiknya guru BK menerapkan metode permainan berupa game dalam memberikan layanan konseling disebabkan model ini dapat mengatasi kesulitan-kesulitan dalam memberikan bimbingan konseling kepada siswa yang kurang rasa percaya diri, sulit berkomunikasi secara lisan, dan kepada siswa yang pasif, dalam proses pembelajaran. Kepada peneliti selanjutnya hendaklah mencoba menggunakan model bimbingan ini pada kegiatan bimbingan konseling lainnya.
PENGARUH BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN TENAGA KERJA
Authors: Sutrisno Hafiz
Published: July 2021

Workers in Indonesia now really need a social security for themselves, because with the social security received by them makes them more focused in carrying out their duties to completion. The existence of social security provided will increase the welfare of the workforce itself and have a good impact on the survival of their families in the future if one day there is an accident of work from these workers when they carry out their duties the family can enjoy financial assistance from the government through social security. This study uses qualitative methods, namely research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people or observable behavior. This method also comes from actions that are used as an understanding based on phenomena that occur in society, especially workers. In giving effect to the workers, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan has functions for workers, namely: Organizing work accident insurance programs, Organizing death insurance programs, Conducting old age insurance programs, Organizing pension insurance programs. The conclusion of this research is that there are still many companies that do not give rights to their workforce, that is, they do not take care of BJPS Ketenagakerjaan, which is a matter that must be obtained by each workforce. And the lack of awareness of the workforce about the benefits of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan for them in the event of a work accident.
HUBUNGAN INTENSITAS BERMAIN GAME ONLINE DENGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI S1 PENJAS KESREK
Authors: Pratama Adi , Fithriyana Rinda
Published: July 2021

One of the causes of low emotional intelligence is playing online games. Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize emotions. The intensity of playing online games is the length of time a person spends playing online games. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the intensity of playing online games and emotional intelligence in undergraduate students of Physical Education Program at Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai University in 2020. The design of this study was correlative with cross-sectional design with random sampling method. This research was conducted on May 17-31 in 2020. The population in this study were all male students of the Physical Education Study Program at Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai University, totaling 139 people with a total sample of 58 people. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between the intensity of playing online games and emotional intelligence in the Undergraduate Program of Physical Education, Kesrek, with a p-value of 0.000 (p
EFEKTIFITAS LOGOTERAPI MEDICAL MINISTRY TERHADAP MOTIVASI PASIEN HEMODIALISA DENGAN HARGA DIRI RENDAH DI RUMAH SAKIT DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Ausrianti Rizka
Published: July 2021

Hemodialysis is procedure that conducted for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patient . This will lead to changes in the life of the patient such as psychosocial changes : low self-esteem, which can resulting in decreased motivation. This research aims to investigate the influence of logotherapy medical ministry on motivation on hemodialysis patients with low self-esteem in Padang City. Design used in this research is "Quasy Experimental Pre-Post Test With Control Group." Sample the number of was 86 respondents, consisting of 43 respondents for the intervention group and 43 respondents for the control group with consecutive sampling.The result shows the influence of logotherapy medical ministry on motivation after logotheraphy of medical ministry to the intervention group. In groups control showed no effect of logotherapy of medical ministry on motivation. It is recomended that hemodialysis with low self- asteem patient need to have specialist logotherapy of medical ministry.
PENGARUH PERSIAPAN PRANIKAH, LINGKUNGAN PRE DAN POSTNATAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN BALITA DI KABUPATEN SOLOK
Authors: Suciana Sri , Wildayani Desi , Lestari Widya
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The first five years of a child's life (toddler) is the fastest growing and developing period in the human brain, this period is a very sensitive but also critical period for the child's brain in receiving various inputs / learning / influences from the surrounding environment, and nutritional intake. It is at this time that children have the opportunity to develop aspects in themselves, both physically, cognitively and socio-emotionally. The growth of toddlers is assessed from the anthropomentri of the toddler. The indicator that researchers use refers to regulation of the minister of health No.2 of 2020 on child anthropometric standards. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship of prenatal preparation, prenatal environment, delivery environment, and post-Christmas with the growth and development of children in mothers who have children under five in Kanagarian Taruang-taruang Working Area Lasi River Health Center Solok in 2020. Method: This research is a type of analytical research and has been conducted in The Kanagarian Taruang-taruang Working Area of Puskesmas Lasi Solok in July - September 2020. The population of this study was mothers who had children who were 5 years old and the sample was toddlers who came to posyandu and who were in the working area of Puskesmas Lasi and met the criteria of inclusion (consecutive sampling) of 45 people. Data processing through editing, coding, data entry, cleaning, and tabulating stages. The processed data is then analyzed using univariate and bivariate (chi square). Result: Out of 45 respondents, 18 toddlers (40%) were found who have nutritional status with abnormal weight/age indicator, 11 toddlers (24.2%) with abnormal nutritional status of height/age, weight/height 16 people (35.6%) abnormal, did not do pre-marital preparation 23 people (51.1%), did not get a good antenatal environment as many as 17 people (37.8%), did not get a good delivery environment as many as 17 people (37.8%), did not get a good postnatal environment as many as 22 people (48.9%), and the development of dubious toddlers according to the age of toddlers as much as 9 people (20%). Conclusion: There was a meaningful relationship between the postnatal environment and the growth of toddlers based on weight/age indicators, whereas, pre-marital preparation variables, antenatal environment, and delivery environment have no meaningful relationship with the growth and development of the child.
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS PADA KEBIJAKAN PEMANFAATAN TELEMEDICINE DALAM MENGHADAPI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Bahtiar Andhi , Munandar Adis Imam
Published: July 2021

The use of telemedicine is one of the strategic policies of the Indonesian government to minimize physical contact between doctors and patients in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. Various suggestions, directions and decisions from government elements in implementing the policy are aimed at maintaining public health services, without increasing the potential for Covid-19 transmission in health facilities. However, in the midst of optimism for the success of the policy, various policy makers had doubts, especially regarding the readiness of facilities, the ethical dimensions of medical personnel professionalism, and the potential for the emergence of new capitalism in the health sector. Through the stakeholder analysis method of reviewing the existing literature, this study will map and identify the various stakeholders involved in telemedicine implementation, as well as their power, legitimacy and urgency. This identification aims to analyze the relationship between stakeholders and anticipate any counter-productive efforts to the government's strategy in suppressing the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak. The results of this study indicate that there are at least thirty-one stakeholders involved, including the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the Covid-19 Task Force and the Indonesian Medical Council (KKI) as definitive stakeholders, as well as investors, providers of telemedicine platforms and the pharmaceutical industry as dangerous stakeholders.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL DAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI TERHADAP KUNJUNGAN ANTENATAL CARE (ANC) DI DESA SALO TIMUR WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SALO TAHUN 2020
Authors: Lestari Rizki Rahmawati
Published: July 2021

A good ANC as early as possible can improve the quality of pregnant women and prevent maternal and infant mortality. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge of pregnant women and husband's support about Antenatal Care (ANC) in Salo Timur Village, Salo District in 2020. The type of research used is quantitative with a descriptive design. The population in this study were all pregnant women with gestational age> 36 weeks who were in the Salo Health Center working area during the period in October 2020, as many as 49 people with total sampling technique. The data collection tool used a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used univariate analysis. The results showed that most respondents had less knowledge about ANC, did not get support from their husbands and the majority of respondents did not complete ANC visits. It is hoped that respondents will be aware of the importance of ANC visits during pregnancy so that they can find out about any diseases during pregnancy.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP HIGIENE SANITASI WARUNG MAKAN DI PASAR CIK PUAN PEKANBARU
Authors: Sari Nila Puspita , Makomulamin Makomulamin
Published: July 2021

Food is a source of energy and nutrients and can be a source of microorganisms and bacterial growth. Prevention of damage and diseases due to food done through the action of the application of sanitary higiene towards referring to Permenkes no. 1096 / menkes / per / vi / 2011, ranging from the food , food storage , food processing , equipment , food storage so and the presentation of food .This research aims to review the application of sanitary higiene food in Cik Puan’s Market Pekanbaru. The research is descriptive qualitative research .This research will be done at food stalls of Cik Puan’s Market Pekanbaru . The informants are 8 the stall owners eat the cik puan pekanbaru .Data collection by conducting interviews and observations .Research results in food stalls in the cik puan Pekanbaru , we can see that the raw food , processing food , Processing food , and the presentation of food in 8 food stalls in the cik puan pekanbaru sanitation food hygiene have met the requirements , while storage raw material, cooking utensils and eat , and food storage that is discovered yet qualified .It is hoped that the market operators can provide socialize higiene sanitation stall owners in the cik puan pekanbaru
KONDISI LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN PSIKOLOGI LANSIA DI PANTI SOSIAL HUSNUL KHOTIMAH PEKANBARU
Authors: Susanti Nurvi Santi , Hasrianto Nofri
Published: July 2021

Elderly age is the final stage of development in the human life cycle (Maryam, 2011). Physical development may stop until adolescence, but psychological, social, and spiritual development will never stop (Jobans, 1994). Psychological disorders that are often experienced by the elderly in nursing homes include depression, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, dementia, Alzheimer's, diagnostic syndromes and can result in dependence on others. This study aims to describe the social and psychological conditions of the elderly in the nursing home environment of Husnul Khotimah Pekanbaru. Descriptive survey research method, the research subjects were selected using the total sampling technique, the population was 70 elderly, while the sample was 35 elderly, with the criteria of exclusion and inclusion. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the social environment of the elderly was mostly 22 (63%) with sufficient category. The psychological condition of the elderly was mostly 34 (97%) with sufficient category. It can be concluded that the description of the social and psychological conditions of the elderly in the social care center Husnul Khotimah Pekanbaru with good results
PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH B3 FASILITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN (MEDIS PADAT) DI PUSKESMAS X
Authors: Masruddin Masruddin , Yulianto Beny , Mulasari Surahma Asti , Sari Suci Indah
Published: July 2021

Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) merupakan instalasi pelayanan kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan upaya kesehatan masyarakat yang lebih mengutamakan upaya pelayanan promotif dan preventif. Limbah adalah bahan buangan dan tidak terpakai yang berdampak negatif terhadap masyarakat jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui Pengelolaan Limbah B3 (medis padat) di Puskesmas XIII Koto Kampar X. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan desain survei. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan April-Juni 2020. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu Kepala Puskesmas, Bagian Sanitasi Kesehatan Lingkungan, Cleaning Service, Bidan , Perawat. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi atau pengamatan langsung dengan menggunakan lembar checklist dan metode wawancara mendalam. Volume limbah medis selama 3 bulan yaitu 6,5 kg. Status pengelolaan limbah medis di Puskesmas XIII Koto Kampar X ini masih belum mengacu kepada Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan RI/No.56/2015, karena pihak Puskesmas masih melakukan pembakaran manual terhadap limbah yang dihasilkan. Disarankan bagi pihak Puskesmas XIII Koto Kampar X agar dapat melakukan pengelolaan limbah medis padat mengacu kepada Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan RI/No.56/2015.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK HABBATUSSAUDA (Nigella sativa) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PREVENTIF HIPERGLIKEMIA
Authors: Nurmalasari Yesi , Rafie Rakhmi , Warganegara Efrida , Herwisdiane Indah Mulia
Published: July 2021

Latar Belakang:Hiperglikemia adalah suatu kondisi medis berupa peningkatan kadar glukosa darah melebihi kadar normal yang menjadi karakteristik beberapa penyakit terutama diabetes melitus. Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah yaitu dengan ekstrak alami tanaman habbatussauda (Nigella sativa). Habbatussauda (Nigella sativa) mengandung thymoquinone yang dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin di dalam jaringan tubuh dan juga dapat memperbaiki kerusakan sel-β pankreas sehingga meningkatkan sekresi insulin. Tujuan:Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak habbatussauda (Nigella sativa) terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar jantan yang diinduksi aloksan sebagai upaya preventif hiperglikemia. Metode : Penelitian eksperimental murni pre and post test with control group design. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 25 ekor tikus jantan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Hasil : Nilai rerata ± SD GDP sebelum perlakuan, setelah diinduksi aloksan dan setelah perlakuan pada KM (126 ± SD 3,53), (128 ± SD 3,24), dan (124,6 ± SD 8,47), pada KN (121,6 ± SD 7,12), (182,2 ± SD 18,11), dan (149 ± SD 14,90), pada KP (122 ± SD 3,536), (161,8 ± SD 6,76), dan (108,4 ± SD 9,52), pada P1 (123,80 ± SD 4,65), (139,8 ± SD 1,48), dan (100,8 ± SD 5,40), dan pada P2 (122,6 ±SD 3,36), (164 ±SD 9,13), dan (112,2 ± SD 4,71). Uji Paired T-test menunjukkan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah yang bermakna (p
GAMBARAN FAKTOR DAN KIAT BERHENTI MEROKOK BERDASARKAN PENGALAMAN MANTAN PEROKOK AKTIF
Authors: Agustiawan Agustiawan , Hajijah Sri , Desry Juwita
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Smoking activity or behavior is one of the serious problems that can cause dangerous diseases. Methods: This qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews with three samples that we had selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for the sample of this study were moderate and heavy smokers (Brinkman Index >200) and had quit smoking in the last two years. The exclusion criteria of this study were tiral smoker (trial smoker) and having comorbidities that generally make a person stop smoking due to their disease conditions. Interviews were conducted in a structured manner throughout March through the social media voice note chat application. Results: Three respondents in this study started smoking because they joined friends and quit smoking because of the increase in cigarette prices and received family support to quit smoking. Conclusion: The main principle in quitting smoking is to strengthen your intention and fill your daily life with positive activities, be it work or worship. Efforts to quit smoking are not instantaneous, so it needs support and assistance from people around someone who is about to quit smoking.
HUBUNGAN STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN KARIES GIGI SULUNG PADA ANAK UMUR 4 - 5 TAHUN DI DESA KUOK
Authors: Fithriyana Rinda
Published: July 2021

The main problem of dental and oral health in children is dental caries. Both primary and permanent teeth have a risk of caries, but the decay process of primary teeth spreads more rapidly, extends and is more severe than permanent teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the socioeconomic status of parents and the incidence of primary dental caries in children aged 4-5 years in Kuok Village. This type of research is analytic with cross sectional design. The population in this study were all children aged 4-5 years and parents in Kuok Village with a sample of 406 people. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 40 people. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire with univariate and bivariate data analysis using the chi square test. The results of statistical analysis obtained a significant value of p value = 0.033 (p value ≤ α 0.05). This means that there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence of primary dental caries in children aged 4-5 years in Kuok Village. Parents should pay more attention to their children's dental health. Parents should routinely check their children's teeth at a dentist or health service facility every 6 months.
Differential expression of carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11, CHST11, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. CHST11 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. CHST11 expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of CHST11 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. CHST11 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
The spatial distribution of population in Spain: An anomaly in European perspective
Authors: Gutiérrez Eduardo , Moral-Benito Enrique , Oto-Peralías Daniel , Ramos Roberto
Published: July 2021

We exploit the GEOSTAT 2011 population grid to document that Spain presents the lowest density of settlements among European countries. Only a small fraction of the Spanish territory is inhabited, particularly in its southern half, which goes hand in hand with a high degree of population concentration. We uncover through standard regression analysis and spatial regression discontinuity that this anomaly cannot be accounted for by adverse geographic and climatic conditions. The second part of the paper takes a historical perspective on Spain's settlement patterns by showing that the spatial distribution of the population has been very persistent in the last two centuries, and that the abnormally low density of settlements with respect to European neighbors was already visible in the 19th century, which indicates that this phenomenon has not emerged recently as a consequence of the transformations associated with industrialization and tertiarization. Using data on ancient sites, we find that Spain did not feature scarcity of settlements in comparison to other countries in pre-medieval times, suggesting that its current anomalous settlement pattern has not always existed and is therefore not intrinsic to its geography.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X MIPA SMAN 1 PASARWAJO
Authors: Jais Ernawati
Published: July 2021

The objective of this research was to find out whether the character education has significant influence on mathematics learning outcame at grade X MIPA students of SMA Negeri 1 Pasarwajo in school year 2017/2018. This research used ex-post facto design. The population in this research was the entire students of grade X MIPA of SMA Negeri 1 Pasarwajo that consisted of 205 students, and the sample was 60 students. The instruments in this research used questionnaire and documentation.The finding showed that, (1) The character education level of grade a MIPA students of SMA Negeri 1 Pasarwajo wa categorized moderate, it can be seen from 60 students, there were 9 students with high category (15%), 42 students with moderate category (70%) and 9 students with low category (15%); (2) the level students’ mathematics learning outcame of grade C MIPA students of SMA Negeri 1 Pasarwajo was categorized moderate. It also can be seen from 60 students, there were 8 students in high category (13,33%), 36 students in moderate category (60%) and 16 students low category (26,67%); (3) the characters education had positif and significant influence toward students’ mathematics achievement at grade X MIPA students of SMA Negeri 1 Pasarwajo which illustrated by linear regression Y=55,255+0,295X.
ANALISIS MAKANAN PRA-PERTANDINGAN YANG TEPAT UNTUK ATLET
Authors: Noor Mudrikah Khilda
Published: July 2021

Atlet dapat memperoleh stamina yang baik dengan mengonsumsi gizi yang memenuhikebutuhan mereka untuk bertanding. Tidak jarang para atlet diliputi kecemasan saatmengikuti kompetisi. Kecemasan yang ditimbulkan terkadang berlebihan sehinggamempengaruhi kondisi fisik dan psikis atlet salah satunya nafsu makan. Menilik dariberagamnya kondisi atlet tersebut maka dilakukanlah penelitian ini untuk menganalisismakanan pra-pertandingan yang tepat untuk atlet sehingga dapat menunjang performa atletdalam pertandingan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kajian literatur denganmengambil beberapa sumber yang terdiri dari artikel, buku elektronik, jurnal, dan makalah.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu sebelum tanding atlet dianjurkan makan menu ringan, tinggikarbohidrat terutama dengan indeks glikemik rendah, cukup protein, rendah lemak, tidakbergas dan mudah cerna
Researchers’ Goals When Assessing Credibility and Impact in Committees and in Their Own Work
Authors: Harney James , Mayville Louise , Hrynaszkiewicz Iain , Kiermer Veronique
Published: July 2021

In a series of 52 semi-structured interviews with researchers in cell biology, we sought to characterize researchers’ goals when evaluating the credibility (or trustworthiness) and impact of research outputs in two contexts: during researchers' own work (the Discovery context) and when researchers participate in research assessment committees for grant review and hiring and promotion (the Committee context). We have compiled a list of researchers’ goals in these contexts, expressed as desired outcome statements and standardized across the two contexts, which will inform a quantitative survey to validate and prioritize these goals and to identify opportunities for new or improved solutions for research assessment. On the basis of the qualitative data, we examined how these needs intersect in the two contexts. We find that the goals of researchers in the Discovery and Committee context overlap significantly. Both impact and credibility matter in each context. In particular, credibility is the dominant factor in the Discovery context and somewhat less represented but still strongly relevant in the Committee context. Researchers use proxy methods, in particular journal-based proxies, to evaluate all attributes of research outputs and these proxies were reported with similar frequency in both contexts. We also find that researchers seek to understand reproducibility, quality and novelty of research outputs in both contexts, in addition to credibility and impact. While publications remain the dominant unit of research assessment, researchers in our sample also evaluate research data, code and preprints, in both contexts. Our preliminary findings suggest a number of potential opportunities to reduce time, reduce error, or improve the quality of assessment practices, in a manner that avoids journal-based proxies. Amongst these improvements are potential opportunities to (i) provide more reliable signals of credibility, quality, and impact, (ii) apply these signals to publications and preprints, and (iii) improve research assessment guidelines.
The Impact of Centralization and Decentralization on Employees Performance
Authors: h.ali Hussain
Published: July 2021

This research paper investigates the impact of centralization and decentralization on employees performance, as well as, understanding the relationship between both centralization and decentralization and employees performance. Furthermore, we used both primary data and secondary data. Questionnaires were distributed and the number of respondents were 25. We used statistical analysis to analyze the data. Reliability test was applied to measure the validity of the questionnaire. However, our results indicate that if the organization applies decentralization, there will be an increase in the employees' performance. Moreover, employees' performance will increase if the organization applies the following: quick accomplishment, easy procedures, and delegation of authority.
Tanggung Jawab Gembala Berdasarkan Yohanes 10:1-5 dan Implementasinya Bagi Pertumbuhan Iman Jemaat GPDI Bukit Sion Sarbe
Authors: Togatorop Mangiring Tua
Published: July 2021

Tuhan menghendaki adanya orang yang dapat memimpin, menjaga, dan memelihara umat-Nya dengan penuh tanggung jawab. Dalam konteks masa kini, tanggung jawab ini ada pada gembala atau pendeta dalam suatu gereja. Namun demikian tidak semua gembala memenuhi kriteria sebagai gembala Yohanes 10:1-5 Dan Implementasinya Bagi Pertumbuhan Iman Jemaat Gpdi alah Bagaimana tanggung jawab Gembala berdasarkan Yohanes 10:1-5 dan Bagaimana mengimplementasikan tanggung jawab Gembala dalam Jemaat di GPdI Bukit Sion Sarbe. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Tanggungjawab Gembala berdasarkan Yohanis 10:1-5 dan mengetahui cara mengimplementasikan tanggung jawab gembala dalam membangun iman percaya jemaat di Gpdi Bukit Sion Sarbe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif.
Fostering organizational learning through responsible crowdsourcing in prospective cohort studies
Authors: Barbosa Mendes Ana , Licher Silvan , Terzikhan Natalie , Sowa Pawel , Kiszkiel Lukasz , Völzke Henry , Zwart Hub , Schauer Birgit
Published: July 2021

Purpose: We propose a methodology for responsible crowdsourcing and explore how such methodology can be used to foster organizational learning. Approach: In the JoinUs4Health project, we created an online platform that connects consultive mechanisms that are typical in crowdsourcing with deeper co-creation processes in smaller groups to enable different scales of collaboration. This platform will allow our crowdsourcing methodology to be integrated into learning in research-performing institutions. For this purpose, we establish three living labs within the cohort institutions and aim to leverage the strengths of each institution and the difference between the three institutions to understand how context can shape the implementation of our methodology. Expected findings: We expect that the JoinUs4Health platform can inform activities at research-performing and educational institutions such as adaptions of curricula and enhanced application of Responsible Research and Innovation methods and approaches. This platform will act as a boundary object that connects different stakeholder communities under a shared purpose and allows coordination of action without necessarily striving for consensus among those groups and consequently overlooking the perspectives of specific actors. Originality: We use crowdsourcing as a method to operationalize RRI. With the aim to foster the deliberative processes that are characteristic of RRI, while still making use of the advantages of crowdsourcing as a knowledge production method, we devised a methodology that allows involving large communities of non-professional scientists not only in data collection but also in all steps of the scientific process, including protocol validation and the formulation of research questions.Funding: H2020-SwafS-2020-1 Grant Agreement Number 101006518 — JoinUs4Health
Differential expression of thymocyte selection associated family member 2 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding thymocyte selection associated family member 2, THEMIS2, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. THEMIS2 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. THEMIS2 expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of THEMIS2 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. THEMIS2 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Pembelajaran Kontekstual di Masa Pandemi untuk Mengembangkan Kerohanian Anak
Authors: Lase Mitra , Purba Benteng Martua Mahuraja , Harefa Desetina , Noyita Efvi
Published: July 2021

The spiritual dimension is the goal of the national education section. While the teacher himself as a professional educator. However, during the pandemic, it is currently ready to use learning patterns that must be adapted to the circumstances. This literature research and writing method aims to discuss spiritual meaning and provide a learning model in order to develop children's spirituality during a pandemic. The contextual learning model should be cheated by educators, because this learning model focuses more on the uniqueness of students.
Strengths and limitations of in situ U-Pb titanite petrochronology in polymetamorphic rocks: An example from western Maine, USA.
Authors: Walters Jesse , Cruz-Uribe Alicia , Song Won Joon , Gerbi Christopher , Biela Kimberley
Published: July 2021

Titanite is a potentially powerful U-Pb petrochronometer that may record metamorphism, metasomatism, and deformation. Titanite may also incorporate significant inherited Pb, the correction for which may introduce inaccuracies and result in geologically ambiguous U-Pb dates. Here we present laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)-derived titanite U-Pb dates and trace element concentrations for two banded calc-silicate gneisses from south-central Maine, USA (SSP18-1A & -1B). Single spot common Pb-corrected dates range from 400 to 280 Ma with 12–20 Ma propagated 2SE. Titanite in sample SSP18-1B exhibit regular core-to-rim variations in texture, composition, and date. We identify four titanite populations: 1) 399 ± 5 Ma (95 % CL) low Y + HREE cores and mottled grains, 2) 372 ± 7 Ma high Y + REE mantles and cores, 3) 342 ± 6 Ma cores with high Y + REE and no Eu anomaly, and 4) 295 ± 6 Ma LREE-depleted rims. We interpret the increase in titanite Y + HREE between ca. 400 and ca. 372 Ma to constrain the timing of diopside fracturing and recrystallization and amphibole breakdown. Apparent Zr-in-titanite temperatures (803 ± 36 °C at 0.5 ± 0.2 GPa) and increased XDi suggest a thermal maximum at ca. 372 Ma. Population 3 domains dated to ca. 342 Ma exhibit no Eu anomaly and are observed only in compositional bands dominated by diopside (> 80 vol %), suggesting limited equilibrium between titanite and plagioclase. Finally, low LREE and high U/Th in Population 4 titanite date the formation of hydrous phases, such as allanite, during high XH2O fluid infiltration at ca. 295 Ma. In contrast to the well-defined date-composition-texture relationships observed for titanite from SSP18-1B, titanite grains from sample SSP18-1A exhibit complex zoning patterns and little correlation between texture, composition, and date. We hypothesize that the incorporation of variable amounts of radiogenic Pb from dissolved titanite into recrystallized domains resulted in mixed ages spanning 380–330 Ma. Although titanite may reliably record multiple phases of metamorphism, these data highlight the importance of considering U-Pb data along with chemical and textural data to screen for inherited radiogenic Pb.
Assessing emotional expressions during a cycling-based initiative for older care home residents using video-based recordings
Authors: Gray Ryan , Faraghat Shana , Gow Alan J.
Published: July 2021

Objective: Through Cycling Without Age, trained volunteers use specially designed trishaws to provide rides for older adults living in care homes and other supported living environments. Qualitative and quantitative research suggests benefits in terms of improvements in mood and wellbeing. Those studies have predominantly been interviews with participants reflecting on previous rides, or as pre-/post-assessments. The current study assessed emotional experiences using video recordings acquired during participants’ rides. Methods: Twelve older adults (50% female; 67-92 years old (M = 81.8, SD = 7.4)) living in care homes or supported living environments were recruited. During a Cycling Without Age ride, participants were filmed using an action camera mounted on the trishaw. Recordings were rated using the Facial Expression Coding System by two researchers to assess the frequency, duration and intensity of positive and negative emotions. Results: On average, 23.7 positive emotional expressions were observed per ride, significantly higher than negative emotions (0.4). As well as more frequent, positive emotions were observed over a longer duration in total (139.5 seconds vs. 1.3) and rated as more intense (1.9 out of 5 vs. 0.3). Conclusion: The study supported the value of directly assessing emotional responses during this cycling-based initiative, including minimising the input required from participants. The predominantly positive emotional expressions observed were consistent with both qualitative and quantitative assessments of Cycling Without Age, and suggests a potential pathway by which those benefits manifest. Future studies might adopt a triangulated approach, using in-activity monitoring, quantitative assessments and participant reflections.
Effects of morphological complexity on the P600 response in L2 speakers of English
Authors: Day Trevor K. M.
Published: July 2021

Native speakers of English are differentially sensitive to morphologicallysimple and morphologically complex when both are ungrammatical. A largerP600 is elicited by sentences like *“The dogs must running” than *“The dog isrun.” This is taken to mean that native speakers have an easier time processingthe second condition, either because the base form of the verb is underspecifiedfor a number of featural specifications, or because predictions in “be”contexts are weaker than predictions in modal conditions. We find that L1speakers of Mandarin who speak English as a second language show a P600 toungrammatical, morphologically complex critical verbs, but no signal at all toungrammatical, morphologically simple critical verbs. This suggests they lackthe information to form predictions about “be” contexts or have an oversimplifiedrule about present participles: namely, that they only appear in “be”contexts, without realizing that auxiliary “be” licenses only present participles.
Contextual effects in age perception and the own-age bias
Authors: Pilz Karin S
Published: July 2021

Our judgement of certain facial characteristics such as emotion, attractiveness or age, is affected by context. Faces that are flanked by younger faces, for example, are perceived as being younger, whereas faces flanked by older faces are perceived as being older. Here, we investigated whether contextual effects in age perception are mediated by an own age bias. On each trial, a target face was presented on the screen, which was flanked by two faces. Flanker faces were either identical to the target face, were 10 years younger or 10 years older than the target face. We asked forty older (64-69 years) and forty-three younger adults (24-29) to estimate the age of the target face.Our results replicate previous studies and showed that context affects age estimation of faces flanked by target faces of different ages. These context effects were more pronounced for younger compared to older flankers but present across both tested age groups. An own-age bias was observed for unflanked faces such that older adults had larger estimation errors for younger faces compared to older faces and younger adults. Flanker effects, however, were not mediated by an own-age bias. It is likely that the increased effect of younger flankers is due to mechanisms related to perceptual averaging.
“Excavating AI” Re-excavated: Debunking a Fallacious Account of the JAFFE Dataset
Authors: Lyons Michael J
Published: July 2021

Twenty-five years ago, my colleagues Miyuki Kamachi and Jiro Gyoba and I designed and photographed JAFFE, a set of facial expression images intended for use in a study of face perception. In 2019, without seeking permission or informing us, Kate Crawford and Trevor Paglen exhibited JAFFE in two widely publicized art shows. In addition, they published a nonfactual account of the images in the essay “Excavating AI: The Politics of Images in Machine Learning Training Sets.” The present article recounts the creation of the JAFFE dataset and unravels each of Crawford and Paglen’s fallacious statements. I also discuss JAFFE more broadly in connection with research on facial expression, affective computing, and human-computer interaction.
Time pressure changes how people explore and respond to uncertainty
Authors: Wu Charley M , Schulz Eric , Pleskac Timothy Joseph , Speekenbrink Maarten
Published: July 2021

How does time pressure influence exploration and decision-making? We investigated this question with several four-armed bandit tasks manipulating (within subjects) expected reward, uncertainty, and time pressure (limited vs. unlimited). With limited time, people have less opportunity to perform costly computations, thus shifting the cost-benefit balance of different exploration strategies. Through behavioral, reinforcement learning (RL), reaction time (RT), and evidence accumulation analyses, we show that time pressure changes how people explore and respond to uncertainty. Specifically, participants reduced their uncertainty-directed exploration under time pressure, were less value-directed, and repeated choices more often.Since our analyses relate uncertainty to slower responses and dampened evidence accumulation (i.e., drift rates), this demonstrates a resource-rational shift towards simpler, lower-cost strategies under time pressure. These results shed light on how people adapt their exploration and decision-making strategies to externally imposed cognitive constraints.
Studying science denial with a complex problem-solving task
Authors: Sulik Justin , McKay Ryan
Published: July 2021

Explanations of science denial rooted in individual cognition tend to focus on general trait-like factors such as cognitive style, conspiracist ideation or delusional ideation. However, we argue that this focus typically glosses over the concrete, mechanistic elements of belief formation, such as hypothesis generation, data gathering, or hypothesis evaluation. We show, empirically, that such elements predict variance in science denial not accounted for by cognitive style, even after accounting for social factors such as political ideology. We conclude that a cognitive account of science denial would benefit from the study of complex (i.e., open-ended, multi-stage) problem solving that incorporates these mechanistic elements.
Time slows down on a crowded train
Authors: Sadeghi Saeedeh , Daziano Ricardo , Yoon So-Yeon , Anderson Adam K.
Published: July 2021

Numerosity, complexity and affect are among factors known to dilate perceived time. While such objective and subjective factors are usually tested in isolation with simple stimuli in the lab, here we examined the perceived passage of time in the ecology of daily social life: crowded public transit. Higher crowding level denotes a higher numerosity along with increased negative affect. Accordingly, we hypothesized that crowding lengthens subjective trip duration. Participants (N=41) experienced short (between 1 to 2 minutes) immersive subway trips using Virtual Reality (VR). Each individual experienced multiple virtual trips with different crowding levels. After each trip, they were asked to estimate the trip duration and rate its affective pleasantness. Presence of one additional person per square meter of the train significantly increased perceived travel time by an average of 1.8 seconds. Rather than objective factors, this effect was mediated by subjective negative feelings induced by crowding. Analysis of cardiac data also revealed the slope of change in heart rate during a trip as a physiological source of perceived travel time, independent of the crowding level. This study is an example of bringing basic psychological and physiological findings into an ecologically valid setting using VR technology. Findings have broader implications for the effects of disliking social crowding on our daily perceptions, which is likely more pronounced during or even after the COVID-19 pandemic.