bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
III.—The Lower Pliocene Bone-Bed of Concud, Province of Teruel, Spain
Authors: Woodward Arthur Smith
Published: May 2009

From time immemorial a remarkable accumulation of bones in the province of Teruel, Spain, has attracted attention. It is especially conspicuous in the low range of hills near Concud, and the people of that village seem to have generally regarded it as marking an ancient battlefield. So long ago as 1754 Torrubia briefly described this deposit in his Spanish Natural History; but his curiosity seems to have been aroused not so much by the bones themselves as by the crystalline calcite found occupying many of their cavities. Twenty years later an Englishman, William Bowles, again referred to the same bone-bed, and described it as containing the remains of men and women mingled with the bones of horses, donkeys, oxen, and smaller domestic animals. He also observed that the limestone above the bone-bed was filled with land and fresh-water shells. Cuvier quoted Bowles' description in his treatise on fossil bones, and after an examination of some teeth and bone-fragments collected by Proust at Concud, he was inclined to believe that these fossils really represented domestic animals as already determined, though he found no associated evidence of man.
V.—Post-Glacial Beds at Dundee
Authors: Durham James
Published: May 2009

In the recently published volume of the Memoirs of the Geo-logical Survey of Scotland, “The Geology of East Fife,” by Sir Archibald Geikie, it is argued that since the time when the 100 feet terrace was under the level of the sea there has been no depression of the land in the Firth of Tay, only “a continuous chronicle of gradual, if intermittent, uprise” (p. 321); also that “no trace has survived of any late deposit overlying the peat, so that we cannot be absolutely sure of the position which this sheet of vegetable matter would occupy if all the Post-tertiary deposits of the district could be grouped in chronological order ” (p. 318).

In the face of this statement by such a high authority it seems to be very desirable that the details of a section in post-Glacial beds, exposed in digging the foundations of the new Post Office in Dundee, should be recorded in the pages of the Geological Magazine.
I.—Flowing Wells and Sub-Surface Water in Kharga Oasis
Authors: Beadnell Hugh John Llewellyn
Published: May 2009

With the exception of an article written by me for Sir William Willcocks and published in his “Nile in 1904,” and a reference to the relations of the Eocene and Cretaceous in the oasis of Kharga in a paper read before the Geological Society in 1905, nothing has, I believe, been published on the water-supply and geology of this district since Dr. Ball's report in 1900.
V.—Actinocamax verus in the Upper Part of the Micraster cor-anguinum Zone at Walmer and St. Margaret at Cliffe
Authors: Rowe Arthur W.
Published: May 2009

The known occurrences of Actinocamax verus in this zone are comparatively few. Northfleet in Kent, Micheldever in Hampshire, and Great Fimber in Yorkshire are our only records.
VI.—Notes on the Drift and Underlying Deposits at Newquay, Cornwall
Authors: Woodward B. B.
Published: May 2009

From the point K northward to the stile leading to the road on to the Towan Head the killas comes to the top, but just short of the stile there is a section of another hill-wash-dune showing about 5 feet, but not exposing the base. Land shells are abundant towards the top, especially at 1 ft. 3 in. and 2 feet from the surface, but the lower portion contains very few. The Helix nemoralis zone lies just below. This section yielded the flint flake found by Mr. Warren.
III.—The Glaciation of the Shetland Isles
Authors: Peach B. N. , Horne J.
Published: May 2009

In his valedictory address as President of the Edinburgh Geological Society, at the close of the session 1879–80, Mr. Milne Home reviewed our recent paper on “The Glaciation of the Shetland Isles.” In his address he not only called in question our conclusions regarding the direction of the glaciation of these islands, but likewise referred to the discordance between the observations of Mr. C. W. Peach and ourselves. As much of this adverse criticism is based on a misconception of the real nature of the evidence bearing on the question, we are anxious to reply to some of the points in the address which might mislead those who are unacquainted with the subject.
II.—On a New Species of Mouse and other Rodent Remains from Crete
Authors: Bate Dorothea M. A.
Published: May 2009

On looking over a small collection of rodent remains from the Pleistocene cave-deposits of Crete, Mr. Oldfield Thomas drew my attention to one specimen which appeared to be of special interest. It consists of an imperfect right mandibular ramus still in the matrix, and which contains the base of the incisor in a fragmentary condition, and the first and second molars in a perfect state of preservation. The third molar is missing. This specimen was obtained from a cave-deposit on the south side of the little bay of Sphinari on the west coast of Crete. The deposit is almost totally destroyed and is still partially submerged; a few fragmentary remains of an ungulate were also observed and appeared to be those of the Cretan deer Anaglochis cretensis of Simonelli, which occurs in so many of the cave-deposits of the island.
IV.—The Late Palæzoic Alkaline Igneous Rocks of the West of Scotland
Authors: Tyrrell G. W.
Published: May 2009

Of late years it has become manifest that the igneous rocks of the Carboniferous in Central Scotland have a distinct alkaline facies. Such rocks as monchiquite, nepheline-basalt, mugearite, kulaite, phonolite, essexite, and teschenite have been described from the Lothians; whilst in the western counties nepheline-phonolite, theralite, mugearite, and teschenite are already known. There is abundant evidence, however, that in the West the alkaline phase is of later date than in the Lothians, and of late Carboniferous or Permian age. In Arran it probably extended into the Triassic, assuming that the stratigraphy which assigns certain rocks to the Triassic is correct. A general account of this connected suite of alkaline rocks, together with the lavas in the Mauchline Basin, to which they can be shown to be genetically related, is given in this paper, which deals only with rocks demonstrably later than the volcanics of the Calciferous Sandstone. The work on which this paper is based was commenced in 1908, and was assisted in 1909 by a grant from the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society, for which grateful acknowledgment is made. An unfortunate breakdown in health, however, necessitated the postponement of the investigation for nearly a year. It is still incomplete owing to the difficulty of obtaining adequate chemical analyses, without which it is impossible accurately to determine the affinities of some of the rocks. Pending the completion of the detailed work it has been thought advisable to present this preliminary account of an igneous suite of extraordinary variety and interest.
III.—Description of a Diamantiferous Gem-Gravel from the West Coast of Africa
Authors: Hatch F. H.
Published: May 2009

The material described in this paper was handed to me by the Liberian Development Company (to which I acted for some time as technical adviser) and was obtained in the course of prospecting operations prosecuted by that Company at Banja Ta (Montserrado) on the Jiblong and Bor Rivers (tributaries of the Junk River), some thirty miles inland from Monrovia, the chief port of the State of Liberia.
I.—Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Polyzoa
Authors: Brydone R. M.
Published: May 2009

One of D'Orbigny's subsidiary methods of classification was to create separate genera for those species which heap layer upon layer of zoœcia by prefixing ‘Mult’ or ‘Multi’ to the name of the genus to which they would but for this habit of growth be referred. It is rather surprising that he did not have occasion to create a genus Multeschara, as there are two species in the English Chalk which he could only have dealt with in this way. They are of interest in their bearing on the question of the admissibility of methods of growth in classifying the Cheilostomata, as they are linked together by a most adventitious peculiarity in growth and one which does not involve any zoœcial modification. They offer therefore a case in which, if those who will not allow to zoarial growth and measure of classificatory value are right, it might be anticipated that species so linked together would be a heterogeneous assembly and not even consistent in this habit of growth. Such an anticipation would hardly be borne out in the case of the English Chalk. The Multescharine habit is practically confined to the two following species, which are most distinctly homogeneous, and neither of which, as far as my experience goes, ever adopts any other mode of growth (except for occasional specimens of Rhagasostoma palpigerum of purely Escharine habit, which may fairly be regarded as cut off prematurely in the Escharine stage, through which every ‘Multeschara’ must pass).
IV.—The Classification of the Rocks of the Western Australian Goldfields
Authors: Thomson J. Allan
Published: May 2009

Sedimentary Formations in the Goldfields.—Sedimentary rocks are rare in all the goldfields south of the Gascoyne River, if superficial deposits of Tertiary or Recent age be omitted. It is true that a sedimentary origin has at times been ascribed to the jaspers, and still more commonly to the bands of graphitic schists within the greenstones. Hand-specimens of the latter rocks and of slaty rocks associated with the jaspers are indistinguishable from similar rocks of sedimentary origin, and it is only by the study of the geological occurrence of the bands that their derivation from igneous rocks can be proved. It is probable, therefore, that many of the rocks mapped as ‘older sediments’ by W. D. Campbell in Kalgoorlie and Norseman are not sediments. There are, however, undoubted sedimentary rocks between Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie, viz. the Kurrawang conglomerates. The enclosed pebbles are largely jaspers and porphyries, so that the formation of the conglomerates must be posterior to the intrusion of the granites, and yet the matrix is sub-schistose and the axes of folding are parallel to the general direction of foliation of the district. The junction with the auriferous series cannot be seen. From the photo reproduced by Campbell, it appears that there are similar conglomerates at Norseman.
II.—Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Polyzoa
Authors: Brydone R. M.
Published: May 2009

Zoarium always encrusting, with a very strong tendency to linear and in particular transversely linear arrangement, the great regularity of occurrence and the smallness of the avicularia being unsuited to the quincuncial arrangement usual among the Escharidæ.
VI.—The Younger Rock Series of New Zealand
Authors: Marshall P.
Published: May 2009

In the December number of the Geological Magazine, 1911, pp. 539–49, appeared an article by Professor James Park, F.G.S., on the Lower Tertiaries and Upper Cretaceous of New Zealand. As the author indicates, this article is largely a criticism of a paper on the the Younger Rock Series of New Zealand, written by Mr. R. Speight, Lecturer on Geology, Canterbury College, Mr. C. A. Cotton, Lecturer on Geology, Victoria College, and myself. You will doubtless understand from this statement that with the exception of Professor Thomas, of Auckland, with whom we had no opportunity of collaborating, all of those who are at present engaged in teaching geology in the University of New Zealand are co-anthors.
V.—Note on the Chalk Rock in North Kent
Authors: Dibley G. E.
Published: May 2009

In the early spring of 1910, while collecting in the Chalk quarry at Borstal, I found in a loose piece of chalk an impression of a small Gasteropod shell which probably belongs to the genus Lampusia. Shortly afterwards, while at the Borstal Manor Quarry, a workman brought me another small Gasteropod, which has since been identified as Turbo geinitzi, Woods. Both specimens were preserved as casts, showing part of the external ornament from near the apex to the basal whorl. Part of the zone of Holaster planus is exposed in the quarry, but the locality is not included in my previous list of exposures in the neighbourhood. The occurrence of these Gasteropods at such an horizon was almost conclusive evidence of the presence of the Reussianum fauna, so I again visited the quarry, in company with my wife, with a view to discovering the exact position at which these fossils occurred.
II.—The New Geological Museum at Cambridge
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper
Published: May 2009

The Geological Department at Cambridge is at length provided with adequate accommodation by its transference to the new Sedgwick Memorial Museum. The portion of Cockerell's Building formerly occupied by the Woodwardian Museum has been vacated and put at the disposal of the University Library; and the well-known name is only perpetuated in a special portion of the exhibition galleries in the new building containing the founder's collection.
VI.—The Carboniferous Succession in the Forest of Dean Coalfield
Authors: Sibly T. Franklin
Published: May 2009

The following preliminary account is presented as the result of several weeks of field-work on the northern and eastern margins of the Forest of Dean Coalfield, carried out partly in 1910 and partly in the present year. The area which I have examined lies almost wholly within Sheet 43 S.E. of the 1 inch Geological Survey Map (Old Series), but extends a short distance into Sheet 43 S.W. In portions of this area, the Lower Carboniferous rocks have been studied in detail and mapped. The Coal Measures, however, have as yet been examined only in their relation to the Lower Carboniferous strata. The present communication is, therefore, confined to a demonstration of the important unconformity which exists between the Coal Measures and the Lower Carboniferous rocks, together with a brief description of the latter. I am continuing my investigations, and I hope to give at some future date a more comprehensive account of the geology of the coalfield. In the meantime, the following outline may be of interest.
II.—Carboniferous Zones Illustrated by Corals: an Exhibit at the Natural History Museum
Authors: Lang W. D.
Published: May 2009

In view of the attention lately devoted by geological workers to the British Lower Carboniferous rocks and their fossils, an exhibit has been arranged in the Department of Geology at the Natural History Museum to illustrate the occurrence in the field of Corals in reference to the division of the Lower Carboniferous rocks into zones.
V.—Cambrian Geography
Authors: Jukes-Browne A. J.
Published: May 2009

Professor peach's address, as President of Section C at the recent meeting of the British Association, concludes with some interesting remarks on the geographical conditions of Cambrian time, and these may be regarded as an amplification of the views which he had previously expressed to the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1886) and in the Geological Survey memoir on the Structure of the N. W. Highlands of Scotland (1907).
III.—On a new species of Desmoceras from the Chalk Rock of Buckinghamshire
Authors: Noble A. H.
Published: May 2009

Whilst engaged on the new Geological Survey in the neighbourhood of Mariow, I had the good fortune to come across an exposure of Chalk Rock yielding an exceptionally rich fauna, including a single specimen of an ammonite which appeared to be new to science. This ammonite was therefore shown to Dr. Kitchin, Mr. Crick, Dr. Rowe, and Mr. H. Woods, none of whom had seen the species before or could recognize it as a form already described. The discovery of new Cephalopods from the Chalk is now so rare that it seems worth while to draw attention to this, although the whole of the accompanying fossils have not yet been identified.
IV.—On the Relation of the Glacial Drift to the Raised Beach near Porth Clais, St. Davids
Authors: Leach Arthur L.
Published: May 2009

1. The raised beach near Porth Clais consists of shingle and large wave-worn boulders resting on a rock-platform, and overlain by angular head or rubble of local rocks.

2. Glacial drift (Boulder-clay) overlies the head at the western end of the section, and towards the east has ploughed into the raised beach and rests on the solid rock. Some of the boulders of the raised beach and a small piece of the rock-platform are definitely striated under the Glacial drift.

3. The raised beach is pre-Glacial in the sense that it underlies the Glacial deposit.

4. The raised beach contains non-local boulders which may have been transported by drifting shore-ice.
VI.—The Name of the ‘Dragon-tree’
Authors: Stopes Marie C.
Published: May 2009

Why should the ‘Dragon-tree’ have a name at all? Assuredly one of ‘nomenclatorial permanency’ is impossible for it, for the thing is not a recognizable species. Dr. Knowlton's note on the ‘Dragon-tree’ (ante) is an illustration of the application of the strict laws of nomenclature regardless of common sense. The object of my paper (Geol. Mag., Dec. V, Vol. VIII, pp. 55–9, 1911) was to show that the plant for some time called Benstedtia is not a genus in the true sense of the word at all, as it is merely a bit of the woody trunk of One of the higher Conifers. So much Dr. Knowlton accepts—and then discusses its name in the same fashion as is used for true species.
IV.—The Mammoth in Europe
Authors: Howorth Henry H.
Published: May 2009

Having considered the conditions under which the Mammoth lived in Siberia, we now propose to turn to the parallel problem in Europe, and to show that the mode of life was practically the same in both areas, and that the problem which has to be solved is virtually the same in both.
VII.—Sketch of the Geology of British Columbia
Authors: Dawson George M.
Published: May 2009

Cretaceous.—Lying everywhere quite unconformably below the Tertiary beds are the Cretaceous rocks, which constitute on the coast the true Coal-bearing horizon of British Columbia. These rocks probably at one time spread much more widely along the coast than they now do, but have since been folded and disturbed during the continuation of the process of mountain elevation, and have been much reduced by denudation. Their most important area, including the coal-rnining regions of Nanaimo and Comox, may be described as forming a narrow trough along the north-east border of Vancouver Island, 130 miles in length. The rocks are sandstones, conglomerates, and shales. They hold abundance of fossil plants and marine shells in some places, and in appearance and degree of induration much resemble the true Carboniferous rocks of some parts of Eastern America.
II.—The Classification of the Cambrian and Silurian Rocks
Authors: Marr J. E.
Published: May 2009

A paper by M. Barrande, which has been recently published, seems to call for some reply. M. Barrande, whilst working out the succession in Bohemia, adopted Sir R. I. Murchison's name “Silurian,” and even applied it to lower rocks than did ever Murchison himself, and in the paper under consideration he supports this classification.
IV.—Notes on the Vertebrata of the Pre-Glacial Forest Bed Series of the East of England
Authors: Newton E. T.
Published: May 2009

As in the previous notes (Geol. Mag. Decade II. Vol. VII. No. 10, p. 447, 1880), so in the present, it is deemed desirable to give in the first instance a complete list of all the examples of the groups under consideration, which have hitherto been recorded, and then, having examined each critically, finally to give a corrected list.
II.—On the Genera Merista, Suess, 1851, and Dayia, Dav. 1881
Authors: Davidson Thomas
Published: May 2009

In his memoir “Brachiop. der Kössener Schichten,” p. 17, Prof. E. Suess proposed his genus Merista, giving as its type the M. Herculea, Barrande, and at page 85 of the German edition of the general introduction to my work on British Fossil Brachiopoda Prof. E. Suess redescribes his genus, and in pl. iii. figures its spirals and shoe-lifter process; but neither the connexions of the spirals, nor their attachments to the hinge-plate, had then been discovered.
IV.—Professor Carl Vogt on the Archæopteryx
Authors: Seeley H. G.
Published: May 2009

In the Revue Scientifique for the 13th of September, 1879, Professor Carl Vogt published a remarkable article on the Archæopteryx. This Memoir being in a periodical that would not come under the notice of all readers in this country, an excellent translation of the paper was published in the Ibis. It is difficult, if not indeed somewhat unhandsome, to criticize Carl Vogt's contribution; seeing that it makes known the famous second skeleton of Archæopteryx, which had long evaded all efforts to learn its characters. The present writer followed it from Solenhofen, in its migrations over Germany, only to find it guarded like a sacred mystery in the house of Otto Volger, in Frankfort. But while very difficult, from not having seen the specimen, for me to speak with any confidence on points of the anatomy of Archaopteryx in which Carl Vogt's conclusions may be open to discussion, it is much easier, and, indeed, almost a pleasant duty, to differ from him emphatically in the philosophical conclusions drawn from his study of the slab. And I here offer a few remarks, since the like have not been volunteered from any one more competent to speak on the subject, concerning reasons why naturalists should at least hold their judgment in suspense before adopting some of the learned Professor's new conclusions, and in the hope of elucidating the true nature of this singular fossil.
III.—On a Collection of Fossil Corals from Eastern Egypt, Abu Roash, and Sinai
Authors: Gregory J. W.
Published: May 2009

Distribution.—Recent: Red Sea (Klunzinger). Pleistocene, fossil: ? Jebel Zeit (Gregory, 1898); also Old Beach, Camp 7; Wadi Barud, Eastern Egypt. No. J 1789.
V.—The Thickness of the Ice-Cap in the various Glacial Periods
Authors: Schwarz Ernst H. L.
Published: May 2009

In estimating the maximum load which pressed upon the northern type of Glacial (Dwyka) Conglomerate in Prieska, Cape Colony, I assumed that the calculations of Sir Wyville Thomson and Bernacci were correct, and that the greatest column of ice that could exist on the earth's surface was from 1,400 to 1,600 feet high. This limit, however, is by no means accepted by European glacialists, who, though they do not go as far as Dr. Croll in assuming thicknesses of 120,000 feet, yet see no reason why there could not have been ice-sheets 5,000 feet thick. The publication of Captain Scott's narrative of the voyage of the “Discovery” has given us certain definite data from the Antarctic which enable the case for the 1,600 feet maximum to be put with more confidence, and I will endeavour in the present paper to state the main lines of the argument. The question is of importance not only to us in South Africa with our two Palæozoic ice-ages, but to all geologists, as it affects the problem of the earth's equilibrium. To give a recent example, Professor Penck, in describing the Bodensee, discusses whether the weight of ice pouring down from the Alps in a sheet 3,600 feet thick may not have had some effect in producing a sinking in the earth's crust.
IV.—Superheated Water
Authors: Hunt A. R.
Published: May 2009

The abstract in the Geological Magazine of Professor Beck's paper on ore veins and pegmatites is of great interest to myself, as it deals with two points which I pressed on geologists in 1894 and earlier, viz., the crystallisation of vein-minerals out of superheated water, and the doubtful origin of that water. The special difficulty is raised by the Dartmoor veins, as the water they contain, together with the granites, is sometimes salt and sometimes fresh, and is of all degrees of original supersaturation. I wrote as follows:

‘The question as to the marine or plutonic origin of the brineinclusions referred to is of transcendent importance in connection with the question as to whether the water ejected by volcanoes is of meteoric or marine origin, of derived from the interior magma’ (Geol. Mag., 1894, p.99).
V.—Notes on the Corries of the Comeragh Mountains, Co. Waterford
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper
Published: May 2009

Between Crotty's Lough and Coumshingaun a long spur of the Comeraghs juts out eastwards for about a mile and a half with an average height of 1400–1500 feet. On the south side this projecting ridge descends rather steeply to a stream at its base, which heads at a height of over 2,400 feet on the lofty plateau between Coumgorra and Coumshingaun; it runs down the mountain-side in a narrow gully over bare rock and reaches the foot in a series of picturesque waterfalls. No glacial débris occurs in this ravine, but on the lower ground the stream flows over the margin of the moraines belonging to Coumshingaun and runs eastward as the River Ire to join ultimately the Clodiagh.
I.—Further Notes on the Stratigraphy and Fauna of the Trimmingham Chalk
Authors: Brydone R. M.
Published: May 2009

Before proceeding to the description of new species it may perhaps be well to make a few remarks on the classification of the Cretaceous Polyzoa and in particular of the Cheilostomata, the suborder which embraces all the species I propose to describe.
III.—The Origin and Mode of Formation of the Permian Breccias of the South Devon Coast
Authors: Hobson Bernard
Published: May 2009

After visiting in 1905 the excellent exposure of the Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Conglomerate, containing glacially striated boulders, overlying glacially striated Barberton beds at the foot of Gotshe Mountain in the Vryheid district of Natal, it occurred to me to examine the Permian breccias of the South Devon coast to see whether I could find any evidence of their being of glacial origin.
II.—Cupressinoxylon Hookeri, Sp. Nov., A Large Silicified Tree from Tasmania
Authors: Akker E. A. Newell
Published: May 2009

One of the most striking objects exhibited in the Gallery of Fossil Plant remains in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History) is a large trunk of a Coniferous tree from Tasmania, of which a photograph is reproduced on Plate I. This specimen is one of the largest in the gallery, being nearly nine feet in height, and three feet in diameter. The woody tissues are in excellent preservation, the specimen being silicified, and in part opalized.
IV.—Note on the Keratophyres of the Breidden and Berwyn Hills
Authors: Jevons H. Stanley
Published: May 2009

It may be of interest to note the occurrence of a somewhat rare and interesting rock, named keratophyre, at two easily accessible localities in a district where it has been hitherto unknown—at Moel-y-Golfa, in the Breidden Hills, and in the Berwyn Hills.

The Breidden Hills.

Moel-y-Golfa was visited by me in 1899, and I collected a few specimens, which, however, remained unexamined until a few days ago when I needed one for teaching purposes. On examination of a thin section the plagioclase proved to be albite, idiomorphic and tabular in form, set in a matrix of chloritic decomposition products, doubtless the remains of pyroxene. The ratio of albite to pyroxene must have been about two or three to one. This composition is sufficient to place the rock in the keratophyre group, but confirmation was obtained by comparison with a slide of the well-known keratophyre of Hüttenrode, in the Harz, the rocks proving almost identical both in structure and composition. The determination of the felspar was made by Becke's bright line method, which proved its refractive index to be everywhere slightly lower than that of balsam.
VII.—On some Differences between the London and Berlin Specimens referred to Archæopteryx
Authors: Seeley H. G.
Published: May 2009

In drawing attention to some characters of the Berlin Archæopteryx, it should be stated that I only know that specimen from a photograph taken before the slab was fully developed; and therefore while I believe the following results to be trustworthy as indicating specific and it may be generic differences, it is possible they may hereafter be slightly modified.
III.—Rock Cavities in Granite in Madagascar
Authors: Baron Richard
Published: May 2009

I was much interested in the account of the ‘erosion’ of rocks in Corsica given by Mr. Tuckett and Professor Bonney respectively in the January and August numbers of the GeologicalMagazine for 1904, more especially as I have been long acquainted with similar phenomena in Madagascar, and have, equally with the authors mentioned, been long puzzled to find an explanation of their origin at all satisfactory.
IV.—Weathered Dolerite of Rowley Regis (South Staffordshire) compared with the Laterite of the Western Ghâts near Bombay
Authors: Warth Hugh
Published: May 2009

Since it has been proved that large areas of basaltic and other igneous rocks withinor near the Tropics in India, on the Seychelles, and in Australia yield surface deposits (so-called Laterites) identical with Bauxite, it is of great importance to ascertain exactly what products of decomposition or weathering originate from corresponding rocks in a temperate climate.
V.—On a new Brachyurous Crustacean from the “Clypeus-Grit” (Inferior Oolite) of the Cotteswold Hills
Authors: Woodward Henry
Published: May 2009

In November last Mr. L. Richardson, of Cheltenham, very kindly sent me (with other fossils for inspection and determination) the carapace of a small Crustacean from the “Clypeus-Grit” of the Cotteswolds, which had been picked up and given him by Mr. C. L. Walton. As Mr. Richardson anticipated, the species proves to be new to this country, and I readily obtained his permission to describe the same.
I.—Eminent Living Geologists
Authors: Teall Jethro Justinian Harris
Published: May 2009

Mr. Teall, who was born on January 5, 1849, in the Oolitic region of the Cotteswolds, at Northleach, a small market town on the Fosse Way between Cirencester and Stow-on-the-Wold, was the only child of Jethro and Mary Teall (née Hathaway). His father inherited some landed property in East Kent, and resided after his marriage for about two months at Sandwich, where he died in 1848 of some epidemic that was raging in the place. Mrs. Teall then returned to her relations at Northleach, where her son was born.
VII.—Boulder Distribution from Lennoxtown, Scotland
Authors: Peach A. MacEwen
Published: May 2009

Although the general path of the ice-sheet of the central valley of Scotland has been traced, no advantage has, up till now, been taken of the glacial distribution of boulders from a peculiar intrusive rock, which occurs in the Campsie Fells near Lennoxtown.
I.—A New Devonian Trilobite and Lamellibranch from Cornwall
Authors: Thomas Ivor
Published: May 2009

During the present survey of Cornwall Mr. Clement Reid has discovered several interesting fossils which provide a substantial addition to the previously recorded Devonian fauna of that part of the country. The forms described below were found by Mrs. Clement Reid, to whose patience and skill I am also indebted for the developing of the best parts of the specimens. My best thanks are due to my colleague Mr. H. H. Thomas for the accompanying drawings of the two forms.
V.—On the Geologic Conditions affecting the Coasts of England and Wales, with special reference to the Coast-line from Lynn to Wells (Norfolk) and from Yarmouth to Eastbourne (Suffolk, Essex, Kent, and Sussex)
Authors: Whitaker W.
Published: May 2009

Having now given a short account of the geology of the long line of coast from Yarmouth to Eastbourne, one may say of the first part of it, north of the Thames, that it is, so to speak, most favourably constructed for coast-erosion. Without a single hard or firm rock, such as the Chalk; without anything that can form a nearly perpendicular cliff of any height, no cliff indeed being high enough to give rise to a respectable landslip; composed of loose sand and gravels, loams and clays (the last partly strengthened by thin layers of soft stone), there is really nothing to withstand either the assaults of atmospheric action from above or of the sea below. Such parts as are of special interest or have been subject to special observation will now be noticed.
VI.—Notes on a Well-sinking in the Great Oolite of Lansdown, Bath
Authors: Winwood H. H.
Published: May 2009

The following particulars were obtained with the assistance of Mr. Isaac Sumsion, jun., Hon. Sec. of the Golf Club:—
III.—On the Composition of ‘Borolanite’ from Am Meallan, Ross-shire
Authors: Smith W. Campbell
Published: May 2009

The peculiar garnetiferous rock occurring to the east of Loch Borolan seems to have been first noted by Dr. Callaway in 1883, and is described by Dr. Bonney in an appendix to Dr. Callaway's paper.
VIII.—On a Well-section at Ware House, near Lyme Regis, and the Fossils obtained therefrom
Authors: Cameron A. C. G.
Published: May 2009

Ware, about a mile west of Lyme Regis, is situated on the lower part of the Foxmould Sands of the Upper Greensand, and some distance above the ‘West Cliffs’, which are formed of Lower Lias clay and limestone.
IX.—The Tower of Eccles-by-the-Sea
Authors: Hill E.
Published: May 2009

The church-tower of Eccles-by-the-Sea, on the coast of Norfolk, once buried in the moving sand-dunes, has been rendered classical by Lyell through his description of it in his “Principles.” Such a monument should surely not be allowed to pass away without an obituary notice.
II.—On the Age of the World as depending on the Condition of the Interior
Authors: Fisher O.
Published: May 2009

In Nature of the 7th of March, Lord Kelvin reported the results of a series of experiments, which render it almost certain that Prof. J. Perry's hypothesis of the conductivity of rock increasing with the temperature is unsupported by evidence. He also stated that he had been led by later study to modify his original estimate of the age of the world, and to reduce it to about the same as estimated by Mr. Clarence King, viz. 24 million years. Thus geologists would find themselves restricted to a still shorter period for the evolution of the events of the world's history than they supposed.
III.—New Species of Cretaceous Bryozoa
Authors: Gregory J. W.
Published: May 2009

The second volume of the Catalogue of Cretaceous Bryozoa in the British Museum, of which the manuscript has been completed, contains the description of various new Cretaceous species. Such, a catalogue inevitably takes some months in passing through the press, during which it might happen that the species were anticipated by description elsewhere. To avoid the risk of reduplication of the names it is most convenient to publish the diagnoses. Fuller accounts of the species, with illustrations, will be given in the Catalogue.
VII.—The Mechanics of Overthrusts
Authors: Reade T. Mellard
Published: May 2009

Mr. Osmond Fisher, in an article in the January number of this Magazine, entitled “Convection Currents in the Earth's Interior”, speaks of my views in a way that may give a false conception of what they are on the subject of overthrusts. He appears (inadvertently, no doubt) to credit me with a disbelief in the thrust-planes occurring in the North-West Highlands. I may say at once that I am one of those who admire the way in which a band of enthusiastic geologists have worked out the structure of this most difficult tract of country, and thoroughly believe in the correctness of their conclusions. The principal object of my little paper in the November number of this Magazine (1908) was to caution geologists not to push their new-born views too far in trying to account for structural difficulties by overthrusts. It must be remembered that the Moine thrust-plane has been proved to no more than 10 miles overlap, but may, of course, be much more. Incidentally, I thought the paper likely to elicit a correspondence helping the interpretation of the phenomena of overthrusts.
II.—Note on Dinodocus Mackesoni, a Cetiosaurian from the Lower Greensand of Kent
Authors: Woodward Arthur Smith
Published: May 2009

In 1840 Mr. H. B. Mackeson discovered a group of bones of a large reptile in the Lower Greensand near Hythe, Kent; and in the following year the specimen was briefly noticed by Professor (Sir Richard) Owen, who provisionally referred it to the genus Polyptychodon. The fossil was presented by Mr. Mackeson to the British Museum, and ten years later the bones were described in detail by Owen, who recognised that they agreed most closely with those of the Jurassic Cetiosaurus, but still thought they might belong to the ‘crocodile’ whose teeth were known as Polyptychodon. Subsequent discoveries proved that Polyptychodon was a Pliosaurian, with limb-bones quite different from those of the Hythe fossil reptile, and Owen eventually realised that the specimen represented a species of Dinosaur, to which he gave the undefined name Dinodocus Mackesoni. Without adding to our knowledge of Dinodocus Lydekker placed it in the family Cetiosauridæ, while Marsh agreed that it was truly a Sauropodous Dinosaur, though of uncertain affinity.
I.—Some Coal-Measure Crustaceans with Modern Representatives
Authors: Woodward Henry
Published: May 2009

Among the numerous fossils obtained by Dr. L. Moysey from the clay-ironstone nodules of the Coal-measures near Ilkesťon, Derbyshire, is one referred to by its discoverer as “a shrimp-like animal,” in a recent note published by him in the Geological Magazine for May last. Dr. Moysey was so fortunate as to secure several well-preserved examples of this very interesting Schizopod Crustacean from a disused brickfield on the Shipley Hall Estate, owned by E. M. Mundy, Esq. These he most liberally placed in my hands to examine and describe. Dr. Moysey also commended me to the Rev. C. Hinscliff, M.A., of Craig Royston, Bickley, Kent, who had in his possession another specimen of this crustacean obtained from the same locality. Mr. Hinscliff not only sent me his fossil to study, but generously presented it to the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History Branch), Cromwell Road, where it will be preserved and exhibited
III.—Physiographical Studies in Lakeland
Authors: Marr J. E.
Published: May 2009

A Traveller alighting at Trontbeck station (T of Figure), at the summit level of the Keswick and Penrith Railway, finds himself standing at the north-east corner of a moorland plateau (Matterdale Common), having a mean height of over 1000 feet, and sloping gradually down to the River Glenderamackin (G), which bounds it on the north. The moorland is thickly covered with drift, and rock exposures are scarce, except here and there in the tributaries of the Glenderamackin, which run in a northerly direction from the Helvellyn Range, the principal being Troutbeck (T B) and Mosedale Beck (M B); (the latter is one of many of the same name in the district). That the stones in the drift were mainly brought from the Helvellyn Range is easily seen after a very slight examination; the boulders consist mainly of the more altered ashes and lavas derived from the Borrowdale series of the Helvellyn Range, with occasional boulders of the type of quartz-felsite dyke which penetrate the rocks of Helvellyn and its minor ridges (the best known being the familiar “Armboth and Helvellyn Dyke”); whilst the “Eycott” type of volcanic rock, occurring north of the main outcrop of Skiddaw Slates and having its nearest exposure within a mile of Troutbeck station, is entirely unrepresented. At the north-east corner of the moorland, close to Troutbeck station, a few boulders of mountain limestone indicate the point where the erratics from Helvellyn are beginning to be replaced by others brought from the eastward. The drifts of this moorland and of the region to the north have caused the interesting changes in the drainage of the area which it is the main object of this paper to describe.
VIII.—Note on a Contact-Rock from Shap
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard
Published: May 2009

One of the contact-rocks from Shap, which I collected a few years ago, has always presented some points of special interest; and in view of a recent careful re-examination of it, microscopical and chemical, I think a few remarks upon it may not be out of place.
X.—Notes on “The Great Ice Age” in Relation to the Question of Submergence
Authors: Bell Dugald
Published: May 2009

The new edition of Dr. Geikie's esteemed work has already been noticed at some length in this Magazine. The present writer desires to add some notes—freely, but with all respect to the author—on a special part of the subject, viz. that relating to the “high-level shelly deposits,” and their bearing on the question of submergence during the Glacial epoch.
IV.—Wells of the North-Eastern Sudan
Authors: Grabham G. W.
Published: May 2009

The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan territory covers an area of about a million square miles, throughout which the development of communications is of prime importance to the Government. The country varies from barren desert in the north to tropical jungle in the south, and one passes through all intermediate grades between these extremes. In the area between latitudes 12° and 22° north, water is the most important factor in determining the positions of routes, and it is with part of this area that it is proposed to deal. South of this, water is more abundant and other factors have to be considered.
V.—The Loop of Dielasma
Authors: Watson D. M. S.
Published: May 2009

One of the most important investigations carried through by the late C. E. Beecher was concerned with the development of the loop in an American species of Dielasma, D. turgidum, from the St. Louis group of the Lower Carboniferous of Kentucky.
I.—Eminent Living Geologists
Authors: Hughes Thomas McKenny
Published: May 2009

Among the great body of geologists, who are justly entitled by their work in this field of science to rank as “knights- commanders of the hammer,” there is no one more distinguished, as well for his active services as for the geniality of his disposition and his bonhomie, than the amiable and accomplished occupant of the Woodwardian Chair of Geology in the University of Cambridge, Professor T. McKenny Hughes.
III.—On the Raised Beaches of the Geological Survey of Scotland
Authors: Jamieson T. F.
Published: May 2009

In the maps and memoirs of the Geological Survey of Scotland there is frequent mention of raised beaches at 50 and 100 feet above the present sea - level. Mr. James Geikie, too, in his well-known book on the Great Ice Age, confidently assumes the existence of beaches at these two levels. It is therefore with some degree of reluctance that in the following remarks I venture to question the reality of these supposed beaches; but it will lessen the field of controversy if I confine my observations to theeast side of Scotland. Matters may probably differ somewhat in regard to the west side.
IV.—The Reptant Eleid Polyzoa
Authors: Lang W. D.
Published: May 2009

The Eleidæ are a very natural family of extinct Polyzoa, remarkable for exhibiting characters relative to both the groups Cyclostomata and Clieilostoraata. It is not, however, the affinities of this with other families that are here considered, but a means of determining by zoæcial characters the reptant ‘ species’ within the group; the validity of the ‘genera’ forming it; the occurrence in England of one of the ‘genera’—Semimultelea— hitherto unrecorded from Britain; the description of a new species of this ‘ genus’; and the phenomenon of local groups of zoæcia having characters differing from those of the rest of the zoarium.
II.—Geology and Petrology of the Intrusions of the Kilsyth-Croy District, Dumbartonshire
Authors: Tyrrell G. W.
Published: May 2009

The group of intrusions of which this paper treats is a part of a series of intrusive rocks piercing the Carboniferous starta of the Midland Valley of Scotland. As a rule, they have forced their way into the Carboniferous Limestone Series in layers roughly parallel to the stratification. At the surface they stand out as rough, craggy hills, often of considerable elevation, rising abruptly out of the plain of the Carboniferous sediments, and frequently ending off in a vertical escarpment of bare rock. They generally confront, at a distance of 1 or 2 miles, the terraced escarpments of Lower Carboniferous lavas, which bound the Midland Valley on the north, west, and south-west.
V.—On the Chalk of the London Basin in Regard to Water Supply
Authors: Whitaker W.
Published: May 2009

Over the area in question the total thickness of the Chalk (where it can be measured from top to bottom, or nearly so) varies from 623 feet at Streatham to 1146 feet at Norwich, and in the latter case the topmost beds are absent; so that the full thickness, in some parts of Norfolk, may be 1200 feet or more. This figure, however, is exceptional, the nearest to it recorded being 890 at Harwich [this should probably be 895, the Glauconitic basal bed having been called Upper Greensand]. At East Horsley, in Surrey, a thickness of 817 feet has been proved, but generally speaking we find less, and over a large area 700 feet is not reached. It seems that the Chalk thins toward London (where 650 feet may be taken as about the usual thickness), not only from north and south but also from east and west. [It may be well to add the thicknesses proved by other borings outside London. These are as follows, where the borings have passed through the whole formation, from the overlying Tertiary beds to the underlying Upper Greensand or Gault:—Loughton 651 feet, Richmond 670, Cheshunt 681, Chatham and the neighbourhood 680–684, and Winkfield, near Windsor, 725. In sundry places where the topmost beds are missing we have the following:—Bushey (Herts) 686, Chartham (Kent) 735, and Coombs (Suffolk) 817, which last-mentioned should probably be over 820, for the same reason as given above, for increase at Harwich.]
III.—Further Notes on the Mammals of the Eocene of Egypt
Authors: Andrews C. W.
Published: May 2009

During the last few months I have been engaged in examining the remains of the fossil Vertebrates from the Middle and Upper Eocene of the Fay ûm district of Egypt, with a view to the preparation of the detailed monograph which it is proposed to publish on this subject. As it will be some months before this can appear, it seems desirable to give a brief account of some of the more important results arrived at, and preliminary descriptions of such new forms as have come to light in the course of the work. The collections examined include all the material belonging to the British Museum, as well as many of the more important specimens from the Geological Museum of Cairo. There still remains in Cairo a large collection of bones, which I hope to have an opportunity of working out during the next few weeks.
IV.—Notes on the Cephalopoda Belonging to the Strachey Collection from the Himalaya. Part I: Jurassic
Authors: Crick G. C.
Published: May 2009

According to Professor Blanford the only example of this species in the Straehey Collection was the fragment which he figured. This is now in the British Museum collection [No. C. 5045]; it was transferred from the Museum of Practical Geology, labelled with one of that Museum's labels “Oolitic: Niti Pass. Ammonites scriptus (Stra.). Coll. by Col. Strachey.” The figures, which are all reversed, are not good. The portion of the fossil that is figured is entirely septate; the anterior part of the specimen that formed the base of the body-chamber is not included in the figure, nor does the figure show the shorter intermediate ribs which extend over the outer half of the lateral area of the whorl.