bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for adolescents with an acquired brain injury: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gilmore Rose , Ziviani Jenny , Mcintyre Sarah , Smithers Sheedy Hayley , Hilton Nicola , Williams Tracey , Chatfield Mark D. , Laugeson Elizabeth , Sakzewski Leanne ,   The Friends Project Group
Published: January 2022

Aim

To test the efficacy of a group social skills intervention on social functioning in adolescents with a brain injury.

Method

Thirty‐six adolescents (mean age 14y, SD 1y 8mo, age range 12y 1mo–16y 3mo; 17 females) with acquired brain injury (ABI; ≥12mo postintervention; n=19) or cerebral palsy (n=17) were randomly allocated to the Program for the Education in Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) or usual care. The primary outcome was the Social Skills Improvement System‐Rating Scales (SSIS‐RS). Secondary outcomes were scores derived from the Test of Adolescent Social Skills Knowledge‐Revised (TASSK‐R), Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition, and Quality of Socialization Questionnaire. Between‐group differences postintervention and at the 26‐week retention time point were compared using linear mixed modelling for continuous outcomes and Poisson regression for count data.

Results

There were no between‐group differences on the primary outcome (SSIS‐RS). Regarding the secondary outcomes, the PEERS‐exposed group achieved significantly greater improvements on the TASSK‐R (mean difference [MD]=6.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.8–8.8, p<0.001), which were maintained at the 26‐week retention time point (MD=8.1, 95% CI=6.0–10.2, p<0.001). PEERS was also associated with a significant increase in parent‐reported invited get‐togethers at 26 weeks (incidence rate ratio=4.0, 95% CI=1.0–16.0, p=0.05).

Interpretation

Adolescents with brain injury who completed the PEERS learned and retained social knowledge and increased social participation.
Response to treatment and outcomes of infantile spasms in Down syndrome
Authors: Harvey Susan , Allen Nicholas M. , King Mary D. , Lynch Bryan , Lynch Sally A. , O’Regan Mary , O’Rourke Declan , Shahwan Amre , Webb David , Gorman Kathleen M. ,   Irish Paediatric Neurology Group
Published: January 2022

Aim

To estimate the prevalence, and evaluate presentation, treatment response, treatment side effects, and long‐term seizure outcomes in all known cases of children with Down syndrome and infantile spasms on the island of Ireland.

Method

This was a 10‐year retrospective multicentre review of clinical records and investigations, focusing on treatment response, side effects, and long‐term outcomes.

Results

The prevalence of infantile spasms in Down syndrome was 3.0% during the study period. Fifty‐four infants were identified with median age of spasm onset at 201 days (interquartile range [IQR] 156–242). Spasm cessation was achieved in 88% (n=46) at a median of 110 days (IQR 5–66). The most common first‐line medications were prednisolone (n=20, 37%), vigabatrin (n=18, 33.3%), and sodium valproate (n=9, 16.7%). At follow‐up (median age 23.7mo; IQR 13.4–40.6), 25% had ongoing seizures and 85% had developmental concerns. Treatment within 60 days did not correlate with spasm cessation. Seventeen children (31%) experienced medication side effects, with vigabatrin accounting for 52%.

Interpretation

Prednisolone is an effective and well‐tolerated medication for treating infantile spasms in Down syndrome. Despite the high percentage of spasm cessation, developmental concerns and ongoing seizures were common.
Are all glucose solutions used for oGTT equal?
Authors: Heinemann Lutz
Published: January 2022

Aims

Oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) are widely used for the diagnosis of diabetes. It is well known that the reproducibility of oGTT is poor and that a number of factors have an impact on the outcome of this diagnostic test. It appears as if one aspect, the oral glucose solution (OGS) used has not achieved much attention. Very little is published about this, despite the fact that apparently most often not a pure and freshly prepared glucose solution is used but a ready‐to‐use solution prepared by a (pharmaceutical) company.

Methods

A literature search was performed to find respective publications.

Results

It appears as if no or only a small number of not adequately designed clinical‐experimental studies have been performed comparing different OGS head‐to‐head.

Conclusions

The composition of such OGS, including the excipients added to improve taste and smell, can have an impact on blood glucose increase after drinking the given OGS. Such factors can also have an impact on endogenous insulin secretion. If significant differences in the blood glucose excursions exist depending on which OGS is used, this calls for the use of a standardized OGS in oGTT to have a comparable outcome everywhere.
From refugee to manager? Organisational socialisation practices, refugees' experiences and polyrhythmic socialisation
Authors: Ortlieb Renate , Ressi Elena
Published: January 2022

Labour market integration of refugees is a challenge to which employers can make a major contribution. This study examines how organisational socialisation practices tailored to the needs of refugees shape the refugees' socialisation and development. We draw on a longitudinal case study focused on refugees doing apprenticeships in a supermarket chain in Austria. We show how a set of organisational practices benefit the refugees. However, these practices, along with other factors inside and outside the workplace, also complicate the refugees' progress because they create tensions related to time. We identify three temporal tensions and propose the concept of ‘polyrhythmic socialisation’ to theorise about the specific shape of these tensions, their causes and consequences. We formulate recommendations for practitioners and avenues for future research.
Epilepsy and brain network hubs
Authors: Royer Jessica , Bernhardt Boris C. , Larivière Sara , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Vorderwülbecke Bernd J. , Vulliémoz Serge , Bonilha Leonardo
Published: January 2022

Epilepsy is a disorder of brain networks. A better understanding of structural and dynamic network properties may improve epilepsy diagnosis, treatment, and prognostics. Hubs are brain regions with high connectivity to other parts of the brain and are typically situated along the brain's most efficient communication pathways, supporting large‐scale brain wiring and many higher order neural functions. The visualization and analysis of hubs offers a perspective on regional and global network organization and can provide novel insights into brain disorders and epilepsy. By notably supporting the interaction between various brain networks, hubs may be implicated in seizure spread and in epilepsy‐related phenotypes. In this review, we will discuss the growing literature on atypical hub organization in common epilepsy syndromes, both related to neuroimaging of brain structure and function, and related to neurophysiological data from magneto‐ and electroencephalographic measures of neural dynamics. With studies increasingly exploring the clinical utility of network neuroscience approaches, we highlight the potential of hub mapping as a candidate biomarker of cognitive dysfunction and postsurgical seizure outcome. We will conclude the review with a discussion of current limitations and outlook for future research.
Novel engineered nanobodies specific for N‐terminal region of alpha‐synuclein recognize Lewy‐body pathology and inhibit in‐vitro seeded aggregation and toxicity
Authors: Hmila Issam , Vaikath Nishant N. , Majbour Nour K. , Erskine Daniel , Sudhakaran Indulekha P. , Gupta Vijay , Ghanem Simona S. , Islam Zeyaul , Emara Mohamed M. , Abdesselem Houari B. , Kolatkar Prasanna R. , Achappa Devaya K. , Vinardell Tatiana , El‐Agnaf Omar M. A.
Published: January 2022

Nanobodies (Nbs), the single‐domain antigen‐binding fragments of dromedary heavy‐chain antibodies (HCAb), are excellent candidates as therapeutic and diagnostic tools in synucleinopathies because of their small size, solubility and stability. Here, we constructed an immune nanobody library specific to the monomeric form of alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn). Phage display screening of the library allowed the identification of a nanobody, Nbα‐syn01, specific for α‐syn. Unlike previously developed nanobodies, Nbα‐syn01 recognized the N‐terminal region which is critical for in vitro and in vivo aggregation and contains many point mutations involved in early PD cases. The affinity of the monovalent Nbα‐syn01 and the engineered bivalent format BivNbα‐syn01 measured by isothermal titration calorimetry revealed unexpected results where Nbα‐syn01 and its bivalent format recognized preferentially α‐syn fibrils compared to the monomeric form. Nbα‐syn01 and BivNbα‐syn01 were also able to inhibit α‐syn‐seeded aggregation in vitro and reduced α‐syn‐seeded aggregation and toxicity in cells showing their potential to reduce α‐syn pathology. Moreover, both nanobody formats were able to recognize Lewy‐body pathology in human post‐mortem brain tissue from PD and DLB cases. Additionally, we present evidence through structural docking that Nbα‐syn01 binds the N‐terminal region of the α‐syn aggregated form. Overall, these results highlight the potential of Nbα‐syn01 and BivNbα‐syn01 in developing into a diagnostic or a therapeutic tool for PD and related disorders.
The mitochondrial protein Sideroflexin 3 (SFXN3) influences neurodegeneration pathwaysin vivo
Authors: Ledahawsky Leire M. , Terzenidou Maria Eirini , Edwards Ruairidh , Kline Rachel A. , Graham Laura C. , Eaton Samantha L. , van der Hoorn Dinja , Chaytow Helena , Huang Yu‐Ting , Groen Ewout J. N. , Motyl Anna A. L. , Lamont Douglas J. , Tokatlidis Kostas , Wishart Thomas M. , Gillingwater Thomas H.
Published: January 2022

Synapses are a primary pathological target in neurodegenerative diseases. Identifying therapeutic targets at the synapse could delay progression of numerous conditions. The mitochondrial protein SFXN3 is a neuronally enriched protein expressed in synaptic terminals and regulated by key synaptic proteins, including α‐synuclein. We first show that SFXN3 uses the carrier import pathway to insert into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Using high‐resolution proteomics onSfxn3‐KO mice synapses, we then demonstrate that SFXN3 influences proteins and pathways associated with neurodegeneration and cell death (including CSPα and Caspase‐3), as well as neurological conditions (including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer’s disease). Overexpression of SFXN3 orthologues inDrosophilamodels of Parkinson's disease significantly reduced dopaminergic neuron loss. In contrast, the loss of SFXN3 was insufficient to trigger neurodegeneration in mice, indicating an anti‐ rather than pro‐neurodegeneration role for SFXN3. Taken together, these results suggest a potential role for SFXN3 in the regulation of neurodegeneration pathways.
Revisiting tolerance to ocean acidification: Insights from a new framework combining physiological and molecular tipping points of Pacific oyster
Authors: Lutier Mathieu , Di Poi Carole , Gazeau Frédéric , Appolis Alexis , Le Luyer Jérémy , Pernet Fabrice
Published: January 2022

Studies on the impact of ocean acidification on marine organisms involve exposing organisms to future acidification scenarios, which has limited relevance for coastal calcifiers living in a mosaic of habitats. Identification of tipping points beyond which detrimental effects are observed is a widely generalizable proxy of acidification susceptibility at the population level. This approach is limited to a handful of studies that focus on only a few macro‐physiological traits, thus overlooking the whole organism response. Here we develop a framework to analyze the broad macro‐physiological and molecular responses over a wide pH range in juvenile oyster. We identify low tipping points for physiological traits at pH 7.3–6.9 that coincide with a major reshuffling in membrane lipids and transcriptome. In contrast, a drop in pH affects shell parameters above tipping points, likely impacting animal fitness. These findings were made possible by the development of an innovative methodology to synthesize and identify the main patterns of variations in large ‐omic data sets, fitting them to pH and identifying molecular tipping points. We propose the broad application of our framework to the assessment of effects of global change on other organisms.
Changes in plant inputs alter soil carbon and microbial communities in forest ecosystems
Authors: Feng Jiguang , He Keyi , Zhang Qiufang , Han Mengguang , Zhu Biao
Published: January 2022

Global changes can alter plant inputs from both above‐ and belowground, which, thus, may differently affect soil carbon and microbial communities. However, the general patterns of how plant input changes affect them in forests remain unclear. By conducting a meta‐analysis of 3193 observations from 166 experiments worldwide, we found that alterations in aboveground litter and/or root inputs had profound effects on soil carbon and microbial communities in forest ecosystems. Litter addition stimulated soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and microbial biomass, whereas removal of litter, roots or both (no inputs) decreased them. The increased SOC under litter addition suggested that aboveground litter inputs benefit SOC sequestration despite accelerated decomposition. Unlike root removal, litter alterations and no inputs altered particulate organic carbon, whereas all detrital treatments did not significantly change mineral‐associated organic carbon. In addition, detrital treatments contrastingly altered soil microbial community, with litter addition or removal shifting it toward fungi, whereas root removal shifting it toward bacteria. Furthermore, the responses of soil carbon and microbial biomass to litter alterations positively correlated with litter input rate and total litter input, suggesting that litter input quantity is a critical controller of belowground processes. Taken together, these findings provide critical insights into understanding how altered plant productivity and allocation affects soil carbon cycling, microbial communities and functioning of forest ecosystems under global changes. Future studies can take full advantage of the existing plant detritus experiments and should focus on the relative roles of litter and roots in forming SOC and its fractions.
Exploring the nexus between natural disasters and food (in)security: Evidence from rural Bangladesh
Authors: Shah Muhammad Ibrahim , Ahmmed Sakil , Khalid Usman
Published: January 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) emphasise the reduction of poverty, hunger, and food insecurity as prerequisites for the economic development of a country. This paper examines how natural disaster shocks affect the food security of rural households in Bangladesh. We utilise the latest edition of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) produced by the International Food Policy Research Institute to understand the determinants of food security. In contrast to the existing literature, we use the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) to measure household food security. The empirical result from an ordered logit regression suggests that households that are exposed to natural disaster shocks are more likely to be food insecure compared with households that have not been exposed to such shocks. Furthermore, international remittances increase food security, while domestic remittances do not significantly affect household food security. The study also found that the marital status and education of the household head, household indebtedness, household size, education, expenditures and landownership significantly affect food security. Our findings underscore the importance of investing in the development of infrastructure and food storage facilities in rural communities to tackle food insecurity. Moreover, increasing technical knowledge and improving the quality of education are vital to strengthen food security in Bangladesh.
AusGeochem: An Open Platform for Geochemical Data Preservation, Dissemination and Synthesis
Authors: Boone Samuel C. , Dalton Hayden , Prent Alexander , Kohlmann Fabian , Theile Moritz , Gréau Yoann , Florin Guillaume , Noble Wayne , Hodgekiss Sally‐Ann , Ware Bryant , Phillips David , Kohn Barry , O’Reilly Suzanne , Gleadow Andrew , McInnes Brent , Rawling Tim
Published: January 2022

To promote a more efficient and transparent geochemistry data ecosystem, a consortium of Australian university research laboratories called the AuScope Geochemistry Network assembled to build a collaborative platform for the express purpose of preserving, disseminating and collating geochronology and isotopic data. In partnership with geoscience‐data‐solutions company Lithodat Pty Ltd, the open, cloud‐based AusGeochem platform (https://ausgeochem.auscope.org.au) was developed to simultaneously serve as a geosample registry, a geochemical data repository and a data analysis tool. Informed by method‐specific groups of geochemistry experts and established international data reporting practices, community‐agreed database schemas were developed for rock and mineral geosample metadata and secondary ion mass spectrometry U‐Pb analysis, with additional models for laser ablation‐inductively coupled‐mass spectrometry U‐Pb and Lu‐Hf, Ar‐Ar, fission‐track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He under development. Collectively, the AusGeochem platform provides the geochemistry community with a new, dynamic resource to help facilitate FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data management, streamline data dissemination and advanced quantitative investigations of Earth system processes. By systematically archiving detailed geochemical (meta‐)data in structured schemas, intractably large datasets comprising thousands of analyses produced by numerous laboratories can be readily interrogated in novel and powerful ways. These include rapid derivation of inter‐data relationships, facilitating on‐the‐fly data compilation, analysis and visualisation.
Fields of change? Actors, institutions and social fields in the green restructuring of the Flåm tourism industry
Authors: Bækkelund Nora Geirsdotter
Published: January 2022

The need for green industrial restructuring is increasingly being recognised, also within the tourism industries. This paper investigates the green restructuring of the tourism industry in the village Flåm, where actors and social fields at different geographical scales are involved. A multi‐scalar perspective on social fields, with their different institutional logics, provides a framework for approaching the roles of overlapping logics and actors’ institutional work in driving and giving direction to green restructuring. The investigation finds that institutional change in different fields is interconnected through scalar overlaps and through actors’ institutional work across fields.
The spatial relationship between the mobility and scientific cooperation of Chinese scientists
Authors: Shi Wentian , Fu Quansheng , Yang Wenlong , Yang Fan , Lin Xiao , Mu Xueying
Published: January 2022

This paper constructs a mobility network of Chinese scientists and a cooperation network of scientific research based on data on mobility and research cooperation in China at the urban scale. Through several methods, including spatial analysis, network analysis, and regression analysis, the nodes and bilateral relations in the two networks are found to be highly coupled. Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta are hot spots for the mobility and scientific research cooperation networks of Chinese scientists. Only a few cities in the two networks play important roles, and most of the cities serve as a foil. The spatial mobility and scientific research cooperation activities of Chinese scientists are concentrated in the eastern region, the Chinese scientists’ mobility and scientific research cooperation networks are rhombus structure, the two networks both are compact and hierarchical network with Beijing as the single dominant city, and the power‐law distribution in the bilateral relationship of two networks shows a “pyramid structure”. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons for the spatial co‐location relationship between the mobility and scientific cooperation of scientists.
Well‐being of higher education consumers: A review and research agenda
Authors: Khatri Puja , Duggal Harshleen Kaur
Published: January 2022

The concept of students‐as‐consumers has gained traction with the neo‐liberal agenda taking root in the higher education arena. A key value that these consumers look for and derive from their tertiary education is well‐being. Thus, a cognizance of the nature of student well‐being (SWB) is vital for educational institutions to effectively foster the well‐being of their consumers. This calls for synthesizing existing literature to facilitate an aggregate understanding of the construct. This review paper aims to integrate the bulk of psychological, higher education and consumer literature on well‐being of students to arrive at a holistic picture. To achieve this, a framework‐based systematic review of 112 articles from the last two decades was conducted. A combination of two well‐established organizing frameworks has been used to generate structured insights. The antecedents, decisions and outcomes (ADO) framework reveals what we know about the construct. Simultaneously, the theories, contexts and methods (TCCM) framework sheds light on the different theories, contexts and methods applied in SWB research. Additionally, this paper also strives to uncover the major gaps in extant literature and provide concrete directions for future research. Scholars across the disciplines of psychology, marketing and consumer behaviour can draw on these findings and directions for conducting their research. Because the review was undertaken from a global standpoint, it has implications for researchers and practitioners across the world. Higher education institutes can use these findings to develop support mechanisms that will allow them to fulfil their pastoral role to student consumers and inculcate a positive brand image.
Suivre l'évolution du discours sur le développement dans la Revue internationale du Travail
Authors: GHOSH Jayati , RANI Uma
Published: January 2022

Dans l'introduction de ce numéro du centenaire, nous suivons le discours sur le développement tel qu'il ressort d'une série d'articles publiés dans la Revue internationale du Travail entre 1971 et 2020. Les treize articles choisis pour figurer dans ce numéro proposent, sur le développement, des perspectives diverses, à des moments différents. L'accent est mis sur les revenus, la transformation structurelle, l'amélioration de la vie des populations grâce au développement social, et les interactions entre croissance économique, emploi et marché du travail. Ces contributions analytiques et empiriques, qui mettent en lumière divers aspects de la relation entre développement économique et travail, restent pertinentes pour nous aider à comprendre les processus de développement et les débats politiques en cours aujourd'hui.
An advanced transparent hydropolymer wound dressing for undisturbed post‐op management of surgical wounds following hip and knee replacement: A prospective observational series
Authors: Rousseau Thomas , Plomion Chloe , Sandy‐Hodgetts Kylie
Published: January 2022

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are standardised surgical procedures for patients with complex comorbidities. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol has shown reduced lengths of hospital stay and reduced postoperative complications. Currently, there is a paucity of recommendations in regards to dressing selection for postoperative wound care within the ERAS protocol. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a transparent hydropolymer wound dressing in suit for 14 days in 20 orthopaedic patients following hip or knee arthroplasty under the ERAS protocol. The majority of participants (90%) had a wear time of 14 days without the need for dressing removal. Clinicians rated the dressing very easy to apply with very good visibility of the incision line (100%). All participants reported the dressing to be ‘very comfortable’ (95%, n = 19) or ‘comfortable’ (5%, n = 1). Overall, the transparent hydropolymer dressing provided sufficient incision site visibility, reducing the need for dressing changes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the use of a transparent hydropolymer dressing in situ for 14 days to allow undisturbed wound healing.
Annealing temperature controlled crystallization mechanism and properties of gallium oxide film in forming gas atmosphere
Authors: Wang Chen , Li Shi‐Wei , Fan Wei‐Hang , Zhang Yu‐Chao , Lin Hai‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Ying , Lien Shui‐Yang , Zhu Wen‐Zhang , Wuu Dong‐Sing
Published: January 2022

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) films had been fabricated on Al2O3(0001) substrate by employing pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and annealed at different temperatures under forming gas (FG) atmosphere (95% N2 + 5% H2). The influence of annealing temperature on the structural, optical, chemical composition, and surface morphological properties of the Ga2O3 thin films was investigated comprehensively. The annealing processes with hydrogen gas play a crucial role in the characteristics of Ga2O3 thin films. A crystallization mechanism of Ga2O3 films controlled by annealing temperature has been proposed firstly and analyzed systematically, which contains three kinds of competitive mechanism, namely the thermal enhanced crystallization, the enhanced H2 dissociative adsorption on Ga2O3 surfaces, and the high‐temperature decomposition of Ga2O3. Both Ga+ and Ga3+ oxidation valence states were presented in all samples, which indicated lattice oxygen deficiency in Ga2O3 films. The variation of the non‐lattice oxygen proportion of Ga2O3 films related to the crystallization mechanism firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of annealing temperature. The detailed crystallization mechanism of PLD‐Ga2O3 films annealed in FG offers a guideline and references for the further fabrication of high‐quality Ga2O3 films and their applications in high‐performance devices.
Enhanced microwave absorption features of Ba3Co2Fe24O41 hexaferrite by high lanthanium doping concentration
Authors: Tran Ngo , Yang Ruey‐Bin , Jeong Woo Hyun , Manh Do Hung , Phan The‐Long , Lee Bo Wha
Published: January 2022

Controlling material structure and its electromagnetic properties, including complex permittivity and permeability, could enhance the microwave absorption performance of the material in terms of reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth. In this study, La‐substituted barium hexaferrite, Ba3−xLaxCo2Fe24O41 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) compounds were successfully prepared using the solid‐state reaction method, and their corresponding microstructures, static magnetic properties, and electromagnetic features in 2–18 GHz were investigated. The doping of La content increased saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remnant magnetization. The Ba2.7La0.3Co2Fe24O41 epoxied sample with 3.5 mm thickness possessed an excellent microwave absorption of −47.3 dB at 3.52 GHz, and its corresponding effective absorption bandwidths were 3.75 GHz (2.25–6 GHz) and 0.57 GHz (17.43–18 GHz). It is shown that doping with various La concentrations on Ba3Co2Fe24O41 can be used as an effective technique to tune the performance of microwave absorbers based on barium hexaferrite.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ultrastructural analysis of penicillin‐producing Penicillium rubens strains
Authors: Campos Carolina , Moreno Ruiz Luis Alberto , Fragoso‐Soriano Rogelio , Sato‐Berrú Roberto Y. , Hernández‐Pérez Elizabeth , Fernández Francisco J.
Published: January 2022

Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques can perform chemical analyses and acquire high‐resolution images of cell samples. For this reason, in this study, semi‐thin sections of a single Penicillium rubens cell were analysed by Raman enhanced surface spectroscopy. The spectra showed peaks corresponding to the macromolecules that make up the cellular components. In addition, the various organelles were analysed by TEM and AFM to observe the cellular nanostructures. With the use of these techniques, it is possible to identify molecules in semi‐thin sections, which provides a wide potential for biomedical applications and for the analysis of cell dynamics.

The observation of the most detailed possible structure of cells is used as a starting point in numerous studies to identify and localise some biochemical processes. Given that the function of eukaryotic cells depends on the location, shape, structure and function of the subcellular organelles (and on the interaction between them), the sum of the data obtained allows a complete analysis of what happens in the cell. This article addresses, from a multidisciplinary point of view, what happens in a single cell of a filamentous fungus (Penicillium rubens) while it is in a physiological moment (secondary metabolism) that allows the biosynthesis of an antibiotic (penicillin). For this purpose, different types of microscopies were used (TEM: transmission electron microscopy, and AFM: atomic force microscopy, which allow visualising small details in the cell) and a spectroscopy method (Raman, which allows detecting certain characteristics of the macromolecules and some stretching bonds). Regarding the results, during the synthesis of penicillin, the antibiotic‐producing Penicillium rubens cells showed significant changes compared to the non‐producing cells: the cell wall is observed to be significantly thickened in the production phase, organelles such as peroxisomes grow in number and size since it is known that the final route of metabolite synthesis takes place in them. When penicillin is released from peroxisomes, they must be degraded to release the load from the cell; this is done by vacuoles, which are active and engulf peroxisomes. The newly synthesised penicillin is found within secretory vesicles that travel towards the cell membrane and both membranes fuse creating ripples. On the other hand, and given that a single cell is being studied, it is essential to increase the signal to detect biomolecules employing the Raman‐SERS technique, using a silver substrate to obtain the increased signal.
Isotretinoin‐induced inflammatory back pain and sacroiliitis in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Seyman Civelek Ünzüle , Baykal Selcuk Leyla , Aksu Arica Deniz , Capkin Erhan , Yayli Savas
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Isotretinoin has been reported to induce inflammatory back pain (IBP) and sacroiliitis in the patients with acne vulgaris. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of IBP and sacroiliitis in patients receiving isotretinoin treatment compared with oral antibiotics for acne vulgaris.

Materials and Methods

A total of 201 patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris who received isotretinoin (n = 100) or oral antibiotics (n = 101) were included in the study. All patients were monthly questioned for IBP symptoms during their treatment. Patients described IBP were also evaluated for sacroiliitis by c‐reactive protein, sedimentation rate, HLAB27, and sacroiliac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Isotretinoin was discontinued in all patients diagnosed as sacroiliitis, and these patients were reevaluated after 3 months.

Results

IBP was observed in 21 (10.4%), and sacroiliitis was detected in 11 (11%) patients on isotretinoin treatment; in oral antibiotic group, we did not observe IBP or sacroiliitis. The incidence of IBP and sacroiliitis differed significantly between the isotretinoin and oral antibiotic groups (p < 0.0001, p = 0.02). Complete regression was observed in the great majority of patients following cessation of isotretinoin.

Conclusions

Our study is the largest prospective controlled study that investigated the incidence of sacroiliitis in patients receiving isotretinoin and compared with patients using oral antibiotics.
Placental CD34 immunohistochemistry in fetal vascular malperfusion in stillbirth
Authors: Stanek Jerzy , Drach Alex
Published: January 2022

Aim

To assess the use of CD34 immunostaining in diagnosing of fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) in stillborns.

Methods

We examined 25 independent clinical (pregnancy and fetal outcomes) and 48 placental phenotypes in 100 placentas of consecutive stillborns at ≥20 weeks of gestation. Group 1 comprised 34 cases with no distal villous FVM; Group 2 comprised 36 placentas with clustered distal villous FVM (sclerotic villi, hypovascularity, stromal vascular karyorrhexis, and/or mineralization) determined using hematoxylin–eosin staining not upgraded by CD34 immunostaining, and Group 3 comprised 30 placentas with FVM diagnosed or upgraded by CD34 immunostaining (distal villous endothelial fragmentation and/or villous hypovascularity).

Results

Diffuse villous lesions of fetal retention with various degrees were present in approximately 50% of the cases in all groups; however, histological evaluation for FVM was still possible in most stillborns. Abnormal clinical phenotypes were significantly less frequent than abnormal placental phenotypes of FVM (8.6% vs. 24%, respectively). Chronic hypoxic placental injury patterns, fetal blood erythroblastosis, some features of shallow placental implantation, and muscular FVM lesions were most common in Group 2. Only decidual arteriopathy (hypertrophic and or hyaline necrosis/atherosis) was most frequent in Group 3.

Conclusion

Most distal FVM lesions can be observed on hematoxylin–eosin placental slides only several days following the inciting event. CD34 immunostaining can reveal recent distal villous lesions of FVM featuring segmental villous endothelial fragmentation for de novo diagnosis or for upgrading FVM. Routine CD34 immunostaining has demonstrated FVM to be the major pattern of placental injury in stillborns.
How statutory duties shape the decision making of an economic regulator: insights from the energy regulatory community, past and present
Authors: HARKER MICHAEL , READER DAVID
Published: January 2022

This article is concerned with how statutory duties structure regulatory decisions. Rather than focusing on the role of the courts, we explore statutory interpretation by a regulator as a quasi‐autonomous exercise, with external influences and internal norms and customs. To investigate this further, we conducted a series of semi‐structured elite interviews with senior members of the energy ‘regulatory community’, past and present. Energy regulation has been selected as a case study due to the controversies in recent years over the legitimate limits of economic regulation, as successive governments have imposed broader public interest goals on the regulator, resulting in a proliferation of statutory objectives. This increased complexity has arguably obscured the appropriate contours and rationales of economic regulation. Nevertheless, it is unrealistic to completely separate regulatory policy and politics.
Time cannot heal all wounds: Wealth trajectories of divorcees and the married
Authors: Kapelle Nicole
Published: January 2022

Objective

To explore disparities in wealth trajectories between divorcees and continuously married individuals including moderation effects of remarriage and gender.

Background

Amid concerns of long‐term economic consequences of divorce, research illustrated that ever‐divorced individuals hold less wealth than the married preretirement. However, it remains unclear whether this is a direct result of immediate, lasting divorce‐related wealth penalties or whether divorce also leads to long‐term wealth accumulation disparities.

Method

Using personal‐level, longitudinal wealth data from the Socio‐Economic Panel Study, I applied propensity score and exact matching with random‐effects growth models to compare wealth trajectories of divorcees and the married. The matching allowed (1) married controls to be assigned a theoretical divorce date for ease of comparability to the treatment group (i.e., divorcees) and (2) the account of a wide range of baseline differences.

Results

Wealth differences between ever‐divorce and continuously married individuals stem from lasting disadvantage—particularly for housing wealth—generated immediately around divorce rather than a scarring of divorcees' wealth accumulation. Remarriage but particularly gender is relevant moderators. Whereas remarriage moderates net wealth trajectories through housing wealth, gender moderates trajectories through financial wealth.

Conclusion

Divorce importantly contributes to wealth stratification. Mitigation of divorce‐related wealth penalties for both men and women needs to focus on immediate, but lasting costs of divorce particularly regarding homeownership.
Diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry compared with molecular tests for detection of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martins‐de‐Barros Allan Vinícius , Anjos Raíssa Soares dos , Silva Caio César Gonçalves , Silva Emanuel Dias de Oliveira e , Araújo Fábio Andrey da Costa , Carvalho Marianne de Vasconcelos
Published: January 2022

Objective

The objective of this systematic review with meta‐analysis was to critically evaluate the available data on sensitivity and specificity of IHC compared with molecular tests in the detection of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas.

Materials and methods

This systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA statement and registered in Prospero (CRD42021259117). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational studies to answer the question “What is the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry compared with molecular tests for the diagnosis of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas?”. Methodological quality and risk of bias assessment of the selected studies were based on the QUADAS‐2. Meta‐analysis based on hierarchical SROC curve model and summary measures for sensitivity and specificity were computed.

Results

A total of 226 records were found, but only 05 articles met the inclusion criteria, with 277 FFPE specimens of ameloblastoma included in the quantitative analysis. The sensitivity of the IHC compared to molecular tests ranged from 0.71 to 1.00, while all of the included studies showed perfect specificity (1.00). Pooled measures for sensitivity and specificity were 0.95 [95% CI 0.89, 1.00] and 1.00 [95% CI 0.95, 1.00], respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 4.05, and the AUC for SROC curve was calculated as 0.979.

Conclusions

BRAF V600E‐specific IHC using VE1 antibody showed extremely high sensitivity and specificity when compared with molecular tests in the detection of the mutation in ameloblastomas.
Clinical and immunological features of chronic ulcerative stomatitis: A systematic review
Authors: Schroeder Franciane Maria Machado , Palma Victor de Mello , Rados Pantelis Varvaki , Visioli Fernanda
Published: January 2022

Chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) is a rare disease of the mucous membranes with characteristics similar to other autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to recover all reported cases of CUS in order to summarize what are the clinical, demographic, microscopic, immunological features of CUS and its therapeutic response to different drugs. A systematic review of the literature was carried out following the statements of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA). The searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, Opengrey, and Google scholar. Inclusion criteria were articles or abstracts reporting at least one case with a final diagnosis of CUS. A total of 696 records were identified through databases, and 25 studies were selected reporting 81 cases. CUS affects more females (92%), and a greater number of cases are reported in Caucasian patients (53%). The age of patients ranged from 20 to 86 years with a mean age of 60 years (±13.86), and 15% of cases reported concomitantly skin lesions. The clinical and histopathological characteristics of CUS are very similar to those of oral lichen planus. The direct immunofluorescence (DIF) remains the gold‐standard diagnostic resource and was performed in 69 cases, revealing a dotted pattern of deposition of stratified epithelium‐specific antibodies (SES‐ANA). The serum of 38 patients was collected for the performance of the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and the use of epithelial substrates such as monkey and guinea pig esophagus often resulted in positive SES‐ANA IgG. Most patients were treated with antimalarials, and the treatment of choice that proved to be effective is hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). This entity must be considered in the differential diagnosis of other autoimmune diseases, as it may be underreported.
Migration of older persons seeking care in Thailand
Authors: Bhula‐or Ruttiya , Chimmamee Montakarn , Osatis Chadatan
Published: January 2022

Dominant cultural views and norms in Asia indicate that elder care should be met within the family. However, little is known about the migratory patterns of older adults seeking care in non‐institutional settings. This study investigates older adults' migration patterns and factors that affect their decisions to seek care in home‐based facilities. We employed an explanatory‐sequential approach, using two data sets: (1) Thai National Migration Surveys in Thailand for 2016, 2017, and 2018, and (2) in‐depth interviews with 20 older adults who migrated for care. Our findings indicate that elderly migration for care in home‐based settings is a strategy used by households to meet the care needs of older individuals. Age group, marital status, education, gender, health, family structure, family attachments, and the capacity of destination caregivers to provide care were significant factors influencing the likelihood of moving for care. The findings support the new economics of labor migration paradigm in minimizing the risk of households. Additionally, they demonstrate that an ecological framework can be expanded beyond their geographical boundaries through familial connections and the concept of aging in place.
Insights into agar and secondary metabolite pathways from the genome of the red alga Gracilaria domingensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales)
Authors: Nakamura‐Gouvea Natalia , Alves‐Lima Cicero , Benites Luiz Felipe , Iha Cintia , Maracaja‐Coutinho Vinicius , Aliaga‐Tobar Victor , Araujo Amaral Carneiro Marcella , Yokoya Nair S. , Marinho‐Soriano Eliane , Graminha Marcia A. S. , Collén Jonas , Oliveira Mariana C. , Setubal Joao C. , Colepicolo Pio
Published: January 2022

Gracilariales is a clade of florideophycean red macroalgae known for being the main source of agar. We present a de novo genome assembly and annotation of Gracilaria domingensis, an agarophyte alga with flattened thallus widely distributed along Central and South American Atlantic intertidal zones. In addition to structural analysis, an organizational comparison was done with other Rhodophyta genomes. The nuclear genome has 78 Mbp, with 11,437 predicted coding genes, 4,075 of which did not have hits in sequence databases. We also predicted 1,567 noncoding RNAs, distributed in 14 classes. The plastid and mitochondrion genome structures were also obtained. Genes related to agar synthesis were identified. Genes for type II galactose sulfurylases could not be found. Genes related to ascorbate synthesis were found. These results suggest an intricate connection of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and the redox systems through the use of L‐galactose in Rhodophyta. The genome of G. domingensis should be valuable to phycological and aquacultural research, as it is the first tropical and Western Atlantic red macroalgal genome to be sequenced.
Inference in functional factor models with applications to yield curves
Authors: Horváth Lajos , Kokoszka Piotr , VanderDoes Jeremy , Wang Shixuan
Published: January 2022

This article develops a set of inferential methods for functional factor models that have been extensively used in modelling yield curves. Our setting accommodates both temporal dependence and heteroskedasticity. First, we introduce an estimation approach based on minimizing the least‐squares loss function and establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators. Second, we propose a goodness‐of‐fit test that allows us to determine whether a specific model fits the data. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics, and this leads to a significance test. A simulation study establishes the good finite‐sample performance of our inferential methods. An application to US and UK yield curves demonstrates the generality of our framework, which can accommodate both sparsely and densely observed yield curves.
Making asylum work? Civic stratification and labor‐related regularization among rejected asylum seekers in Germany
Authors: Jonitz Elina , Leerkes Arjen
Published: January 2022

Rejected asylum seekers often do not return to their countries of origin and face precarious living conditions in destination countries. Taking Germany as a strategic case, we investigate whether labor‐related regularization, or “laborization,” may serve as a solution for such migrants. We analyze the factors determining access to such regularization and how labor‐related regularization relates to migrants' needs and aspirations. Based on extensive desk research and interviews with stakeholders, including (rejected) asylum seekers in Stuttgart, we find that laborization provides resourceful and “deserving” individuals with valuable opportunities to realize their aspirations, but it is insufficient to fully address non‐deportability.
Clinical features of detrusor underactivity in elderly men without neurological disorders
Authors: Kiba Keisuke , Akashi Yasunori , Yamamoto Yutaka , Hirayama Akihide , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Uemura Hirotsugu
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To investigate the clinical features of detrusor underactivity (DU) in elderly men without neurological disorders.

Methods

A total of 336 men aged ≥50 years without neurogenic disorders who underwent pressure flow studies and who had DU or bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were reviewed retrospectively. According to the bladder contractility index (BCI) and the BOO index (BOOI), the subjects were classified into the following three groups: (a) pure DU group, BCI < 100 and BOOI < 40; (b) DU + BOO group, BCI < 100 and BOOI ≥ 40; and (c) pure BOO group, BCI ≥ 100 and BOOI ≥ 40. Subjective and objective parameters were compared among the three groups, and the predictors for pure DU were evaluated by multivariate analysis.

Results

Of the 336 patients, 205 who met the study criteria were included in the analysis: 63 (30.7%) with pure DU, 48 (23.4%) with DU + BOO, and 94 (45.9%) with pure BOO. The proportion of the pure DU group increased with increasing age. Prostate volume was the lowest in the pure DU group. Frequency, urgency on the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the IPSS storage subscore were the lowest in the pure DU group. Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.114 [95% CI, 1.032‐1.203], P = .005), prostate volume (OR 0.968 [95% CI, 0.949‐0.987], P = .001), and urgency (OR 0.623 [95% CI, 0.431‐0.900], P = .012) were predictors of pure DU.

Conclusion

Older age, smaller prostate volume, and less urgency may be clinical features of pure DU.