bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep–wake difficulties in community-dwelling cancer patients receiving palliative care: subjective and objective assessment
Authors: Bernatchez Marie Solange , Savard Josée , Savard Marie-Hélène , Aubin Michèle , Ivers Hans
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Prevalence rates of sleep difficulties in advanced cancer patients have varied widely across studies (12 to 96%), and none of these employed a diagnostic interview to distinguish different types of sleep–wake disorders. Moreover, very limited information is available on subjective and objective sleep parameters in this population. Our study was conducted in palliative cancer patients and aimed to assess rates of sleep–wake disorders and subsyndromal symptoms and to document subjective and objective sleep–wake parameters across various types of sleep–wake difficulties.

Method:

The sample was composed of 51 community-dwelling cancer patients receiving palliative care and having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 2 or 3. Relevant sections of the Duke Interview for Sleep Disorders were administered over the phone. An actigraphic recording and a daily sleep diary were completed for 7 consecutive days.

Results:

Overall, 68.6% of the sample had at least one type of sleep–wake difficulty (disorder or symptoms): 31.4% had insomnia and 29.4% had hypersomnolence as their main sleep–wake problem. Participants with insomnia as their main sleep difficulty had greater disruptions of subjective sleep parameters, while objectively-assessed sleep was more disrupted in patients with hypersomnolence comorbid with another sleep–wake difficulty.

Significance of the Results:

The high rates of sleep–wake difficulties found in this study indicate a need to screen more systematically for sleep–wake disorders, including insomnia and hypersomnolence, in both palliative care research and clinical practice, and to develop effective nonpharmacological interventions specifically adapted to this population.
Ethical Considerations in the Care of Children With Life-Limiting Conditions: A Case Illustration of the Role of a Pediatric Psychologist on a Hospital Ethics Committee
Authors: Cardona Laurie
Published: September 2017

Recent advances in neonatal medicine have led to increased survival rates in children with life-limiting diseases. The care of these children often involves ethical questions regarding the potential risks and benefits of prolonging life through increasingly invasive procedures, or forgoing interventions, in the best interest of the child, in order to limit their possible suffering. This article presents current ethical guidelines that can inform the care of such children. Additionally, the important role of pediatric ethics committees in facilitating family centered care is discussed. Finally, a case illustration is included with the aim of describing how a pediatric psychologist, who is integrated into an ethics committee, can promote joint decision-making, as well as serve in an important consultative role to medical teams to facilitate collaborative and compassionate care.
Meaning, Autonomy, Symbolic Causality, and Free Will
Authors: Abbott Russ
Published: September 2017

As physical entities that translate symbols into physical actions, computers offer insights into the nature of meaning and agency. Physical symbol systems, generically known as agents, link abstractions to material actions. The meaning of a symbol is defined as the physical actions an agent takes when the symbol is encountered. An agent has autonomy when it has the power to select actions based on internal decision processes. Autonomy offers a partial escape from constraints imposed by direct physical influences such as gravity and the transfer of momentum. Swimming upstream is an example. Symbols are names that can designate other entities. It appears difficult to explain the use of names and symbols in terms of more primitive functionality. The ability to use names and symbols, that is, symbol grounding, may be a fundamental cognitive building block. The standard understanding of causality—wiggling X results in Y wiggling—applies to both physical causes (e.g., one billiard ball hitting another) and symbolic causes (e.g., a traffic light changing color). Because symbols are abstract, they cannot produce direct physical effects. For a symbol to be a cause requires that the affected entity determine its own response. This is called autonomous causality. This analysis of meaning and autonomy offers new perspectives on free will.
Blocking autophagy enhances the apoptotic effect of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on human sarcoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and JNK activation
Authors: Shen Shuying , Zhou Menglu , Huang Kangmao , Wu Yizheng , Ma Yan , Wang Jiying , Ma Jianjun , Fan Shunwu
Published: September 2017

Sarcoma, a rare form of cancer, is unlike the much more common carcinomas as it occurs in a distinct type of tissue. The potent antitumor effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a novel naturally derived agent, have been demonstrated in various cancers. However, the effect of GA on human sarcoma, and the underlying mechanisms, remain to be elucidated. In the current study, we show that GA inhibits sarcoma cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1-phase arrest. Exposure to GA resulted in the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, indicating that GA induced apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. In addition, the autophagy pathway, characterized by the conversion of LC3-I to LC3- II, was activated, resulting in increased Beclin-1 protein levels, decreased p62 expression, and stimulation of autophagic flux. The present findings showed that GA stimulated autophagy by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the IRE1–JNK pathway. Our data supported the prosurvival role of GA-induced autophagy when the autophagy pathway was blocked with specific chemical inhibitors. Finally, GA markedly reduced sarcoma growth, with little organ-related toxicity, in vivo. The present results suggest that the combination of GA with a specific autophagy inhibitor represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of sarcoma.
Clinical responses to adoptive T-cell transfer can be modeled in an autologous immune-humanized mouse model
Authors: Jespersen Henrik , Lindberg Mattias F. , Donia Marco , Söderberg Elin M. V. , Andersen Rikke , Keller Ulrich , Ny Lars , Svane Inge Marie , Nilsson Lisa M. , Nilsson Jonas A.
Published: September 2017

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating T cells have shown durable responses in patients with melanoma. To study ACT and immunotherapies in a humanized model, we have developed PDXv2.0 — a melanoma PDX model where tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating T cells from the same patient are transplanted sequentially in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immune-deficient/common gamma chain (NOG/NSG) knockout mouse. Key to T-cell survival/effect in this model is the continuous presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Tumors that grow in PDXv2.0 are eradicated if the autologous tumor cells and T cells come from a patient that exhibited an objective response to ACT in the clinic. However, T cells from patients that are non-responders to ACT cannot kill tumor cells in PDXv2.0. Taken together, PDXv2.0 provides the potential framework to further model genetically diverse human cancers for assessing the efficacy of immunotherapies as well as combination therapies.
MicroRNA-9 downregulates the ANO1 chloride channel and contributes to cystic fibrosis lung pathology
Authors: Sonneville Florence , Ruffin Manon , Coraux Christelle , Rousselet Nathalie , Le Rouzic Philippe , Blouquit-Laye Sabine , Corvol Harriet , Tabary Olivier
Published: September 2017

Cystic fibrosis results from reduced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein activity leading to defective epithelial ion transport. Ca2+-activated Cl− channels mediate physiological functions independently of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1/TMEM16A) was identified as the major Ca2+-activated Cl− channel in airway epithelial cells, and we recently demonstrated that downregulation of the anoctamin 1 channel in cystic fibrosis patients contributes to disease severity via an unknown mechanism. Here we show that microRNA-9 (miR-9) contributes to cystic fibrosis and downregulates anoctamin 1 by directly targeting its 3′UTR. We present a potential therapy based on blockage of miR-9 binding to the 3′UTR by using a microRNA target site blocker to increase anoctamin 1 activity and thus compensate for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator deficiency. The target site blocker is tested in in vitro and in mouse models of cystic fibrosis, and could be considered as an alternative strategy to treat cystic fibrosis.
Erratum: Precise genome-wide base editing by the CRISPR Nickase system in yeast
Authors: Satomura Atsushi , Nishioka Ryosuke , Mori Hitoshi , Sato Kosuke , Kuroda Kouichi , Ueda Mitsuyoshi
Published: September 2017

A correction to this Article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition Prevents Development of Sepsis Sequelae in the Murine Liver
Authors: Chung Ha-Yeun , Witt C. Julius , Jbeily Nayla , Hurtado-Oliveros Jorge , Giszas Benjamin , Lupp Amelie , Gräler Markus H. , Bruns Tony , Stallmach Andreas , Gonnert Falk A. , Claus Ralf A.
Published: September 2017

The molecular mechanisms of maladaptive response in liver tissue with respect to the acute and post-acute phase of sepsis are not yet fully understood. Long-term sepsis survivors might develop hepatocellular/hepatobiliary injury and fibrosis. Here, we demonstrate that acid sphingomyelinase, an important regulator of hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, is linked to the promotion of liver dysfunction in the acute phase of sepsis as well as to fibrogenesis in the long-term. In both phases, we observed a beneficial effect of partial genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency in heterozygous animals (smpd1+/−) on oxidative stress levels, hepatobiliary function, macrophage infiltration and on HSC activation. Strikingly, similar to heterozygote expression of SMPD1, either preventative (p-smpd1+/+) or therapeutic (t-smpd1+/+) pharmacological treatment strategies with desipramine – a functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA) – significantly improved liver function and survival. The inhibition of sphingomyelinase exhibited a protective effect on liver function in the acute-phase, and the reduction of HSC activation diminished development of sepsis-associated liver fibrosis in the post-acute phase of sepsis. In summary, targeting sphingomyelinase with FDA-approved drugs is a novel promising strategy to overcome sepsis-induced liver dysfunction.
Proteomic footprint of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: Longitudinal study of the at-risk and remote regions in the pig model
Authors: Binek Aleksandra , Fernández-Jiménez Rodrigo , Jorge Inmaculada , Camafeita Emilio , López Juan Antonio , Bagwan Navratan , Galán-Arriola Carlos , Pun Andres , Agüero Jaume , Fuster Valentin , Ibanez Borja , Vázquez Jesús
Published: September 2017

Reperfusion alters post-myocardial infarction (MI) healing; however, very few systematic studies report the early molecular changes following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Alterations in the remote myocardium have also been neglected, disregarding its contribution to post-MI heart failure (HF) development. This study characterizes protein dynamics and contractile abnormalities in the ischemic and remote myocardium during one week after MI. Closed-chest 40 min I/R was performed in 20 pigs sacrificed at 120 min, 24 hours, 4days, and 7days after reperfusion (n = 5 per group). Myocardial contractility was followed up by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and tissue samples were analyzed by multiplexed quantitative proteomics. At early reperfusion (120 min), the ischemic area showed a coordinated upregulation of inflammatory processes, whereas interstitial proteins, angiogenesis and cardio-renal signaling processes increased at later reperfusion (day 4 and 7). Remote myocardium showed decreased contractility at 120 min- and 24 h-CMR accompanied by transient alterations in contractile and mitochondrial proteins. Subsequent recovery of regional contractility was associated with edema formation on CMR and increases in inflammation and wound healing proteins on post-MI day 7. Our results establish for the first time the altered protein signatures in the ischemic and remote myocardium early after I/R and might have implications for new therapeutic targets to improve early post-MI remodeling.
Erratum: Identification of a nanobody specific to a human pulmonary surfactant protein A
Authors: He Xian , Wang Shan-Mei , Yin Zhao Fang , Zhao Meng-Meng , Li Nan , Yu Feng , Wang Liu-Sheng , Hu Yang , Du Yu-Kui , Du Shan-Shan , Li Yan , Wei Ya-Ru , Chen Shan-Shan , He Jian-Hua , Weng Dong , Li Hui-Ping
Published: September 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Detection of chemical constituents in Gegenqinlian decoction by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Ting , Cui Yue , Tian Xiumin , Li Songhe , Han Fei , Ji Bin , Zhao Yunli , Yu Zhiguo
Published: September 2017

A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS method was employed for the systematic characterization of GQLD.
Metal-free diastereoselective construction of bridged ketal spirooxindoles via a Michael addition-inspired sequence
Authors: Zhu Yanshuo , Zhou Jing , Jin Shaojing , Dong Huahui , Guo Jiaomei , Bai Xuguan , Wang Qilin , Bu Zhanwei
Published: September 2017

A TfOH-catalyzed highly diastereoselective Michael addition/ketalization sequence of 3-hydroxyoxindoles and ortho-hydroxychalcones was developed, leading to biologically important bridged ketal spirooxindoles in moderate to excellent yields.
C(sp3)–H amination of 8-methylquinolines with azodicarboxylates under Rh(iii) catalysis: cytotoxic evaluation of quinolin-8-ylmethanamines
Authors: Jeong Taejoo , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Dey Prasanta , Oh Hyunjung , Han Sangil , Lee Suk Hun , Kim Hyung Sik , Park Jihye , Kim In Su
Published: September 2017

The rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C(sp3)–H amination reaction of 8-methylquinolines and azodicarboxylates is described for the construction of quinolin-8-ylmethanamine derivatives, which were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity.
Non-planar oligoarylene macrocycles from biphenyl
Authors: Robert Antoine , Dechambenoit Pierre , Hillard Elisabeth A. , Bock Harald , Durola Fabien
Published: September 2017

Saddle- and propeller-shaped, partially condensed conjugated macrocycles are synthesized by fourfold Perkin condensation plus fourfold photocyclizations. Their macrocyclic loops are pronouncedly non-planar.
Ionic co-crystals of enantiopure and racemic histidine with calcium halides
Authors: Shemchuk O. , Degli Esposti L. , Grepioni F. , Braga D.
Published: September 2017

Ionic co-crystals (ICCs) of l- and dl-histidine with CaCl2, CaBr2 and CaI2 were prepared by mechanochemical and solution methods and were structurally characterized by either single crystal or powder X-ray diffraction methods.
Two-step volume phase transition mechanism of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) hydrogel online-tracked by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Su Gehong , Zhou Tao , Liu Xifei , Zhang Yulin
Published: September 2017

The volume phase transition of PVCL hydrogel was online-tracked by 2D correlation FTIR spectroscopy, and a two-step mechanism was proposed.
Lamellar structures in fluorinated phosphonium ionic liquids: the roles of fluorination and chain length
Authors: Rauber Daniel , Zhang Peng , Huch Volker , Kraus Tobias , Hempelmann Rolf
Published: September 2017

We report a new lamellar superstructure and non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior in fluorinated phosphonium dicyanamide ILs.
Investigation of the dynamics of aqueous proline solutions using neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Malo de Molina Paula , Alvarez Fernando , Frick Bernhard , Wildes Andrew , Arbe Arantxa , Colmenero Juan
Published: September 2017

Quasielastic neutron scattering techniques complemented with molecular dynamics simulations provide new insights into the component dynamics in proline aqueous solutions.
Two-photon spectroscopy of tungsten(0) arylisocyanides using nanosecond-pulsed excitation
Authors: Takematsu Kana , Wehlin Sara A. M. , Sattler Wesley , Winkler Jay R. , Gray Harry B.
Published: September 2017

The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections (δ) for tungsten(0) arylisocyanides (W(CNAr)6) were determined in the 800–1000 nm region using two-photon luminescence (TPL) spectroscopy.
Impact of H2O on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells
Authors: Huang Jianbing , Tan Shunquan , Lund Peter D. , Zhou Huanping
Published: September 2017

The impact of water on the lifecycle of PSCs and the underlying mechanisms in perovskites and PSCs are systematically reviewed.
Rational design of food-grade polyelectrolyte complex coacervate for encapsulation and enhanced oral delivery of oenothein B
Authors: Lan Yaqi , Wang Li , Cao Sufang , Zhong Yinger , Li Yunqi , Cao Yong , Zhao Lichao
Published: September 2017

Controlled release of OeB through GI tract using CPP–CS nanoparticles cross-linked with genipin was achievable.
Deformability-based microfluidic separation of pancreatic islets from exocrine acinar tissue for transplant applications
Authors: Varhue Walter B. , Langman Linda , Kelly-Goss Molly , Lataillade Morgan , Brayman Kenneth L. , Peirce-Cottler Shayn , Swami Nathan S.
Published: September 2017

Tangential flows for selective deformation of acinar tissue and periodic switching of hydrodynamic resistance enables high-throughput islet enrichment in transplant samples.
Optical limiting properties of 3,5-diphenyldibenzo-azaBODIPY at 532 nm
Authors: Kubheka Gugu , Achadu Ojodomo , Mack John , Nyokong Tebello
Published: September 2017

The optical limiting properties of 3,5-diphenyldibenzo-azaBODIPY at 532 nm in solution and in polymer thin films are explored.
Drug delivery via anion exchange of salicylate decorating poly(meth)acrylates based on a pharmaceutical ionic liquid
Authors: Bielas Rafał , Łukowiec Dariusz , Neugebauer Dorota
Published: September 2017

Poly[trimethylammonium (meth)acrylate]s decorated by salicylate anions were investigated as drug carriers. Efficient exchange of drug was provided by phosphate anions contained in the medium within 4 h.
A flexible, planar energy harvesting device for scavenging road side waste mechanical energy via the synergistic piezoelectric response of K0.5Na0.5NbO3-BaTiO3/PVDF composite films
Authors: Vivekananthan Venkateswaran , Alluri Nagamalleswara Rao , Purusothaman Yuvasree , Chandrasekhar Arunkumar , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: September 2017

A probe-sonication derived planar, sustainable composite-piezoelectric nanogenerator was developed to harness the waste mechanical energy.
Lifetime nanomanometry – high-pressure luminescence of up-converting lanthanide nanocrystals – SrF2:Yb3+,Er3+
Authors: Runowski Marcin , Marciniak Jędrzej , Grzyb Tomasz , Przybylska Dominika , Shyichuk Andrii , Barszcz Bolesław , Katrusiak Andrzej , Lis Stefan
Published: September 2017

Bright green-yellow high-pressure luminescence of up-converting lanthanide nanocrystals – SrF2:Yb3+/Er3+, for lifetime nanomanometry.
Grooved nanoplate assembly for rapid detection of surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Liu Xuan , Wu Dan , Chang Qing , Zhou Jing , Zhang Yongyi , Wang Zhaona
Published: September 2017

Rapid detection of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals is in great demand in the fields of biological medicine and environmental monitoring.
In silicoanalyses of essential interactions of iminosugars with the Hex A active site and evaluation of their pharmacological chaperone effects for Tay–Sachs disease
Authors: Kato Atsushi , Nakagome Izumi , Nakagawa Shinpei , Kinami Kyoko , Adachi Isao , Jenkinson Sarah F. , Désiré Jérôme , Blériot Yves , Nash Robert J. , Fleet George W. J. , Hirono Shuichi
Published: September 2017

DMDP amide restored Hex A activity in the G269S Tay–Sachs patient cells up to 43% of the wild type.
Evaluation of (E)-1,2-di(furan-2-yl)ethene as building unit in diketopyrrolopyrrole alternating copolymers for transistors
Authors: Du Jia , Bulumulla Chandima , Mejia Israel , McCandless Gregory T. , Biewer Michael C. , Stefan Mihaela C.
Published: September 2017

Alternating copolymers featuring (E)-1,2di(furan-2-yl)ethene as electron-donating unit were synthesized and studied for solution-processable organic field effect transistors.
Superabsorbent hydrogels made from bio-sourced butyrolactone monomer in aqueous solution
Authors: Luk Sharmaine B. , Kollár Jozef , Chovancová Anna , Mrlík Miroslav , Lacík Igor , Mosnáček Jaroslav , Hutchinson Robin A.
Published: September 2017

A study of the radical polymerization kinetics of sodium 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-methylene butanoate with acrylamide in aqueous solution provides insights to the performance of superabsorbent hydrogels synthesized with equilibrium degree of swelling in the range of 6700–59 000%.
G0.5 PAMAM dendrimers improve the kinetic stabilization and nanoscale precipitation mechanism of amorphous calcium carbonate
Authors: Shi Weiguang , Ma Zaiqiang , Mu Yuqiang , Wang Jun , Li Benxian , Wang Xiaofeng , Teng Zhaogang , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: September 2017

Multiple functions of G0.5 PAMAM stabilize the kinetics process of ACC nucleation and its nanoscale precipitation mechanism.
Intramolecular substitution uncages fluorogenic probes for detection of metallo-carbapenemase-expressing bacteria
Authors: Song Aiguo , Cheng Yunfeng , Xie Jinghang , Banaei Niaz , Rao Jianghong
Published: September 2017

This work reports a novel caging strategy for designing fluorogenic probes to detect the activity of β-lactamases.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin oligosaccharides and NMR analysis: paving the way to a diverse library for glycobiologists
Authors: Zhang Xing , Pagadala Vijayakanth , Jester Hannah M. , Lim Andrew M. , Pham Truong Quang , Goulas Anna Marie P. , Liu Jian , Linhardt Robert J.
Published: September 2017

A library of diverse heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides was chemoenzymatically synthesized and systematically studied using NMR.
Stabilizing organic photocathodes by low-temperature atomic layer deposition of TiO2
Authors: Steier Ludmilla , Bellani Sebastiano , Rojas Hansel Comas , Pan Linfeng , Laitinen Mikko , Sajavaara Timo , Di Fonzo Fabio , Grätzel Michael , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Mayer Matthew T.
Published: September 2017

Low-temperature atomic layer deposition forms a compact TiO2 film atop a polymer light absorber for stable and efficient organic–inorganic photo-driven H2 evolution.
Highly mesoporous C nanofibers with graphitized pore walls fabricated via ZnCo2O4-induced activating-catalyzed-graphitization for long-lifespan lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Renzhong , Hu Yi , Shen Zhen , He Xia , Cheng Zhongling , Pan Peng , Wu Keshi , Zhang Xiangwu , Tang Zhongyang
Published: September 2017

Transition metals (TMs), e.g. Fe, Co, and Ni, are normally unsuitable for the fabrication of highly porous C materials with graphitized C layers.
Correction: Biomass-derived interconnected carbon nanoring electrochemical capacitors with high performance in both strongly acidic and alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Wei Xianjun , Li Yongbin , Gao Shuyan
Published: September 2017

Correction for ‘Biomass-derived interconnected carbon nanoring electrochemical capacitors with high performance in both strongly acidic and alkaline electrolytes’ by Xianjun Wei et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 181–188.
Impaired insulin/IGF-1 is responsible for diabetic gastroparesis by damaging myenteric cholinergic neurones and interstitial cells of Cajal
Authors: Yang Shu , Wu Bo , Sun Haimei , Sun Tingyi , Han Kai , Li Dandan , Ji Fengqing , Zhang Guoquan , Zhou Deshan
Published: September 2017

Diabetic gastroparesis is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is characterized by decreased serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Despite the fact that insulin treatment not glycemic control potently accelerated gastric emptying in type 1 DM patients, the role of insulin/InsR and IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in diabetic gastroparesis remains incompletely elucidated. In the present study, type 1 DM mice were established and treated with insulin or Voglibose for 8 weeks. The gastric emptying was delayed from DM week 4 when the gastric InsR and IGF-1R were declined. Meanwhile, the gastric choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was significantly reduced and the myenteric cholinergic neurones and their fibers were significantly diminished. The production of stem cell factor (SCF) was dramatically repressed in the gastric smooth muscles in DM week 6. TWereafter, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were clearly lost and their networks were impaired in DM week 8. Significantly, compared with Voglibose, an 8-week treatment with insulin more efficiently delayed diabetic gastroparesis development by protecting the myenteric cholinergic neurones and ICC. In conclusion, diabetic gastroparesis was an aggressive process due to the successive damages of myenteric cholinergic neurones and ICC by impairing the insulin/InsR and IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling. Insulin therapy in the early stage may delay diabetic gastroparesis.
Survey on deep learning methods in human action recognition
Authors: Koohzadi Maryam , Charkari Nasrollah Moghadam
Published: September 2017

A study on one of the most important issues in a human action recognition task, i.e. how to create proper data representations with a high‐level abstraction from large dimensional noisy video data, is carried out. Most of the recent successful studies in this area are mainly focused on deep learning. Deep learning methods have gained superiority to other approaches in the field of image recognition. In this survey, the authors first investigate the role of deep learning in both image and video processing and recognition. Owing to the variety and plenty of deep learning methods, the authors discuss them in a comparative form. For this purpose, the authors present an analytical framework to classify and to evaluate these methods based on some important functional measures. Furthermore, a categorisation of the state‐of‐the‐art approaches in deep learning for human action recognition is presented. The authors summarise the significantly related works in each approach and discuss their performance.
Network service orchestration in heterogeneous 5G networks using an open marketplace
Authors: Bhat Shireesh , Udechukwu Robinson , Dutta Rudra , Rouskas George N.
Published: September 2017

Network service orchestration across heterogeneous networks needs an open marketplace where the services advertised by the providers in different domains can be purchased for short‐term or long‐term time scales. The authors present two design paradigms and evaluate two corresponding prototypes which provide a framework for network services to be purchased. They compare the two prototypes from the point of view of how effective they are in addressing some of the challenges posed by heterogeneous 5G networks namely programmability, scalability and innovation. They present a network service orchestration algorithm which is advertised as a network service in the marketplace.
Oxidation of Organosulfides to Organosulfones with Trifluoromethyl 3-Oxo-1λ3,2-benziodoxole-1(3H)-carboxylate as an Oxidant
Authors: Mangaonkar Saeesh , Kole Priyanka , Singh Fateh
Published: September 2017

An alternative approach is described for the oxidation of organosulfides to the corresponding organosulfones by using trifluoromethyl 3-oxo-1λ3,2-benziodoxole-1(3H)-carboxylate as an oxidant. The oxidation of the sulfides was performed by using 2.4 equivalents of the oxidant in refluxing acetonitrile. The oxidation products were isolated in good to excellent yields.
Turning the Light On: Recent Developments in Photoinduced
Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Lemcoff N. , Eivgi Or
Published: September 2017

Olefin metathesis is one of the most important methods to form carbon–carbon double bonds and has found many applications in industry and academia. The ability to initiate the reaction using external stimulus such as light, with high spatial and temporal resolution is highly advantageous and provides creative novel opportunities in organic syntheses and material sciences. This review article covers recent advances in light-activated olefin metathesis reactions from the development of novel complexes that can be initiated photochemically to recently reported applications of photoinduced olefin metathesis, as well as the bright newly emerging field of photoredox-mediated metal-free ROMP.

1 Introduction

2 Light-Activated Olefin Metathesis Complexes

2.1 Sulfur-Chelated Hoveyda–Grubbs-Type Complexes

2.2 Nitrogen-Chelated Hoveyda–Grubbs-Type Complexes

2.3 Catalyst Activation with Photoacid Generators

2.4 Phototuning of Active Complexes

2.5 Photoactivation of Non-Grubbs-Type Olefin Metathesis Complexes

3 Photoredox-Mediated Metal-Free ROMP

4 Applications of Photoinduced Olefin Metathesis

4.1 Chromatic Orthogonal Olefin Metathesis

4.2 UV-Filter-Assisted Olefin Metathesis

4.3 Photolithographic Olefin Metathesis Polymerization

5 Conclusions
Recent Advances for the C–C and C–N Bond Formation in the Synthesis­ of 1-Phenethyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline, Aporphine, Homoaporphine­, and β-Carboline Alkaloids
Authors: Puerto Galvis Carlos , Kouznetsov Vladimir
Published: September 2017

Among the existing methods for the synthesis of bioactive and/or complex small molecules, organic transformations such as C–C and C–N bond formation have been significantly developed and exploited for the synthesis of diverse synthetic and natural fused aza-polycycles. The abundance and biological and physical activities of 1-phenethyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines, aporphines, homoaporphines, and β-carbolines have inspired many organic chemists to seek sustainable and efficient protocols for their preparation. However, these methodologies involve multiple steps and in most cases the key reaction step is based on the formation of new C–C and/or C–N bonds, and this is usually the critical step that lowers the yields and selectivity. This review is focused on the advances made in recent years regarding the synthesis of these selected natural fused aza-polycycles, overviewing the substrate scope, limitations, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity, as well as related control strategies of these reactions, concentrating on developments from 2010 to 2016.

1 Introduction

2 1-Phenethyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines; Dysoxylum Alkaloids

3 Aporphines, Homoaporphines, and Semisynthetic Derivatives

4 Harmala and Eudistomin Alkaloids and Their Biological Properties

5 Metal-Catalyzed C–C Bond Formation

6 Pd-Catalyzed C–C and C–N Bond Formation

7 Metal-Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation

8 [4+2] Cycloaddition in the Synthesis Of Aporphines

9 Tandem C–N/C–C Bond Formation: The Pictet–Spengler Reaction

10 Miscellaneous Methods

11 Conclusions
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives from the Oxidative Coupling of Primary Amines
Authors: Largeron Martine , Nguyen Khac
Published: September 2017

Benzimidazole belongs to the top five most commonly used five-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles among U.S. FDA approved pharmaceuticals. Over the last few years, a large number of improved synthetic strategies have been developed to construct the benz­imidazole molecular framework under environmentally benign conditions. This review focuses on the use of primary amines as readily available substrates for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives through different types of oxidative cross-coupling reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Catalyst-Free Oxidative Coupling of Primary Amines

3 Catalytic Oxidative Coupling of Primary Amines

3.1 Metal-Catalyzed Reactions

3.2 Metal-Free Catalyzed Reactions

3.3 Bioinspired Catalyzed Reactions

4 Conclusion
Development of Report Turnaround Times in a University Department of Radiology during Implementation of a Reformed Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Albrecht Liane , Maurer Martin , Seithe Tim , Braun Joachim , Gummert Richard , Auer Jonas , Sponheuer Keno , Meyl Tobias , Hamm Bernd , de Bucourt Maximilian
Published: September 2017

Purpose The implementation of a reformed curriculum for undergraduate medical education with a problem-oriented focus and more bedside teaching in small groups increases the academic teaching workload. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this increase in teaching duties is associated with an increase in report turnaround times of radiologists or increased unplanned absence during term times compared with term breaks (lecture-free periods) and over the whole period under investigation.

Materials and Methods The database of all radiological examinations performed at a large German university hospital was retrospectively analyzed for a two-year period from the winter term 2011/12 to the summer term 2013. A total of 192 984 radiological examinations performed during this period were included in an analysis of reporting times (i. e., time from end of examination to completion of report) during term times versus term breaks. Reporting times were analyzed for all radiological examinations and for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In addition, radiologists’ schedules were analyzed in terms of teaching duties, unplanned absence, vacation days, and days away from work for education and training.

Results During the period under investigation, the teaching load increased from overall 1.75 hours/day in the winter term 2011/12 to 6.49 hours/day in the summer term 2013 and in the term break from overall 0.10 hours/day in the winter term 2011/12 to 0.71 hours/day in the summer term 2013. Reporting time increased during this period (p < 0.05) but remained shorter during term times than during term breaks. The difference between term and term break for ICU patients was not significant. There was no increase in unplanned absences during term times.

Conclusion Overall, radiologists’ reporting times increased during the period when the reformed curriculum for undergraduate medical education was implemented. As this was observed both during term and during term breaks, increased teaching duties alone cannot serve as a sole causal explanation.

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Aldosterone to Renin Ratio as a Screening Instrument for Primary Aldosteronism in a Middle-Aged Population with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mourtzinis Georgios , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Gustafsson Helena , Johannsson Gudmundur , Manhem Karin
Published: September 2017

Atrial fibrillation seems to be overrepresented among patients with primary aldosteronism. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of aldosterone to renin ratio as a screening instrument for primary aldosteronism in an atrial fibrillation population with relatively low cardiovascular risk profile. A total of 149 patients <65 years and with history of AF were screened for primary aldosteronism using aldosterone to renin ratio. Pathologically increased aldosterone to renin ratio (>65 pmol/mIU) was found in 15 participants (10.1%). Further investigation of the positive screened participants and confirmatory saline infusion test resulted in a diagnosis of primary aldosteronism in four individuals out of 149 (2.6%). Three out of the four individuals with primary aldosteronism had previously been diagnosed with hypertension, but only one out of the four had uncontrolled blood pressure, that is, >140/90 mmHg. All participants had normal potassium levels. Individuals with increased aldosterone to renin ratio had significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in comparison to participants with normal aldosterone to renin ratio (136 vs. 126 mmHg, p=0.02 and 84 vs. 78 mmHg, p=0.02). These findings suggest that assessment of aldosterone to renin ratio can be useful for identification of underlying primary aldosteronism in patients with diagnosed atrial fibrillation and hypertension in spite of well controlled blood pressure and normokalemia.
Photoexcited-carrier transport in barium strontium titanate/strontium titanate heterostructures
Authors: Yan H. , Wang J. Y. , Zhang Z. T. , Yang B. , Chen C. L. , Jin K. X.
Published: September 2017

Photoexcited-carrier transport properties at the surface and the interface of barium strontium titanate/strontium titanate heterostructures are reported. Under a 365 nm light irradiation, the surfaces of barium strontium titanate films exhibit a metal-to-insulator transition, while the interfaces favor the metallic conduction with increasing temperatures. By analyzing, we consider that these results might be attributed to the intrinsic features of strontium titanate and the polarization state of barium strontium titanate films under the irradiation. Our results would contribute to further understanding of the photocarrier effect at the interface and demonstrate great potential applications in optoelectronic devices of all-oxide heterostructures.
Temperature dependent quasi-static capacitance-voltage characterization of SiO2/β-Ga2O3 interface on different crystal orientations
Authors: Zeng Ke , Singisetti Uttam
Published: September 2017

The interface trap density (Dit) of the SiO2/β-Ga2O3 interface in (2¯01), (010), and (001) orientations is obtained by the Hi-Lo method with the low frequency capacitance measured using the Quasi-Static Capacitance-Voltage (QSCV) technique. QSCV measurements are carried out at higher temperatures to increase the measured energy range of Dit in the bandgap. At room temperature, higher Dit is observed near the band edge for all three orientations. The measurement at higher temperatures led to an annealing effect that reduced the Dit value for all samples. Comparison with the conductance method and frequency dispersion of the capacitance suggests that the traps at the band edge are slow traps which respond to low frequency signals.
Fast and accurate shot noise measurements on atomic-size junctions in the MHz regime
Authors: Tewari Sumit , Sabater Carlos , Kumar Manohar , Stahl Stefan , Crama Bert , van Ruitenbeek Jan M.
Published: September 2017

Shot noise measurements on atomic and molecular junctions provide rich information about the quantum transport properties of the junctions and on the inelastic scattering events taking place in the process. Dissipation at the nanoscale, a problem of central interest in nano-electronics, can be studied in its most explicit and simplified form. Here, we describe a measurement technique that permits extending previous noise measurements to a much higher frequency range, and to much higher bias voltage range, while maintaining a high accuracy in noise and conductance. We also demonstrate the advantages of having access to the spectral information for diagnostics.
Unsteady Navier-Stokes studies on loads, wake, and dynamic stall characteristics of a two-bladed vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Bangga Galih , Lutz Thorsten , Dessoky Amgad , Krämer Ewald
Published: September 2017

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies are carried out on a two-bladed vertical axis wind turbine operating at a wind speed of 8 m/s for tip speed ratios (λ) of 0.50–3.0. The blade is the NACA0021 airfoil with chord length 0.265 m and rotor radius 1 m. Basic sensitivity studies for various time step sizes are carried out. The results are validated against available measurement data from the literature. Excellent agreement is obtained for small λ up to optimum condition. For the higher tip speed ratios, the two-dimensional CFD computations predict higher results than the wind tunnel experiment, but they are very similar to the field measurement data. Wake characteristics are presented, showing that the wake becomes Gaussian at 5 times radius downstream of the rotor. It is shown that complex flow phenomena occur owing to dynamic stall onset, especially for the smaller tip speed ratio.
Experimental demonstration of improving resonant-multipactor threshold by three-dimensional wavy surface
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Chang Chao , Sun Jun , Cao Yibing , Song Zhimin , Li Yongdong
Published: September 2017

A proof-of-principle experiment is presented demonstrating the suppression of multipactor breakdown in a coaxial multipactor device with three-dimensional periodic wavy surfaces. By changing the power and pulse width of the microwave source, threshold behavior near breakdown was obtained for this wavy-surface structure and a smooth-surface structure used for comparison. With a wide pulse width at a suitable power, the coefficient of reflection for the smooth-surface structure was found to increase, whereas the coefficient of transmission decreased. For the wavy-surface structure, a similar behavior appeared, only when the microwave pulse had a width of order of a few seconds. Accompanied by changes in transmission power characteristics, distinct increases in the second and third harmonic components were evident for the smooth-surface structure. These experimental results demonstrate that the wavy-surface structure effectively suppresses multipactor breakdown with the suppression increasing with the pulse width.
Electrospray characterization based on an emitter of cone-shaped porous medium for the high-throughput microliter aerosol generation
Authors: Byon Chan , Ku Sookhee , Lee Woojong , Jung Jae Hee , Kim Woojin
Published: September 2017

A compact electrospray system has been developed using a cone-shaped porous medium. The cone-jet conditions with a stable spraying mode were measured using ethanol and lavender oil, and the average diameter and size distribution of the sprayed droplets were investigated according to the applied voltage. In addition, the spray stability over time was analyzed because the fluid was supplied with a capillary action without the use of a pump. The average diameter of the droplets was 3.6–6.7 μm (ethanol) and 6.4–8.6 μm (lavender oil). We observed that the average particle size clearly increased with the applied voltage; the cause was determined based on the electric stress due to the potential difference (“electric pressure”) between the tip of the porous medium and ground ring. Moreover, the mean droplet size according to the electrical potential was proportional to E0.5 (ethanol) and E0.85 (lavender oil). The penetration time in the porous medium of the proposed system was controlled by the physical properties of the fluid, such as surface tension and viscosity, and affected the spray stability when spraying for a long time. Thus, the spray stability could be improved by controlling the applied voltage in the cone-jet mode region.
Effects of selective thinning and residue removal on ground layer structure and diversity in a mixed pine–oak stand of the Qinling Mountains, China
Authors: Hou Lin , Sun Shan , Liang Liyan , Liang Ge , Jiang Luxi
Published: September 2017

Plant species in the forest ground layer are the main food resources for animals and other organisms in the Qinling Mountains, China. To optimise forest thinning programs, we examined how different selective thinning and thinning residue removal regimes influence ground layer diversity and cover. We explored these factors for 2 years in a mixed pine–oak stand. Results indicate the treatments resulted in an increase in the numbers of species, genus and family by 10, 10 and six, respectively, after 1 year thinning and by 14, 10 and four, respectively, after 2 years thinning, compared with the starting point. The highest richness index was achieved at a selective thinning intensity of 17% and a residue removal rate of 57% concurrently. The highest evenness index was achieved at a selective thinning intensity and residue removal rate of 25 and 43% concurrently. The highest ground cover layer was achieved at a selective thinning intensity and residue removal rate of 25 and 69% concurrently. Our results suggest medium thinning intensity and thinning residual removal rate may benefit ground layer richness, whereas a high thinning intensity and medium thinning residual removal rate may maximise evenness and ground layer cover in current forest.
Perceptions of barriers to the management of respiratory tract infections in general practice settings in Australia
Authors: Fletcher-Lartey Stephanie , Khan Rabia
Published: September 2017

Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for the management of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) has contributed to increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance, and this remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of general practitioners’ (GPs) participation in the Antibiotics: Clinical e-Audit, a quality-improvement activity, on GP self-reported knowledge and practice change, and explored barriers encountered in the management of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Participants completed a survey at the end of the activity to assess the usefulness of the audit, any reported changes made and barriers encountered to their clinical practice. More than half of the 872 participants reported the audit assisted them in reviewing patients with RTIs. The majority of GP registrars (48.2%, N=66) indicated that the clinical e-Audit had changed their practice in terms of identifying patients for whom an antibiotic was recommended. GPs identified several barriers to achieving best practice in the management of RTIs, including patient or carer expectations for an antibiotic prescription and non-adherence to symptomatic management by patients. Empowering GPs to overcome these barriers should be the aim of future education and behaviour change programs.
Freeze Brand Retention in Channel Catfish and Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish Hybrids
Authors: Neely Ben C. , Lynott Sean T. , Koch Jeff D.
Published: September 2017

We evaluated freeze brands on Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) to determine suitability of the technique for identification of year-class on ictalurid catfishes. Freeze brands were applied to fish in a hatchery setting, and adipose fins were removed as a secondary mark. Marked fish were stocked into two Kansas reservoirs within 3 d after marking. Fish were sampled with a suite of gear types for 3 years after the initial stocking in 2013. All captured catfish were observed for the presence of a freeze brand and an adipose fin. A logistic regression model estimated 80% brand retention for Channel Catfish through 460 d. The logistic regression model for hybrid catfish brand retention as a function of days at large was not significant, but retention remained near 80% throughout the 3-year study period. Results suggest that freeze brands are suitable for marking Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish in natural systems when marks should be retained for at least 1 year and up to 3 years.

Received March 6, 2017; accepted September 14, 2017Published online October 30, 2017
Energy solutions of KPZ are unique
Authors: Gubinelli Massimiliano , Perkowski Nicolas
Published: September 2017

The Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation is conjectured to universally describe the fluctuations of weakly asymmetric interface growth. Here we provide the first intrinsic well-posedness result for the stationary KPZ equation on the real line by showing that itsenergy solutions, as introduced by Gonçalves and Jara in 2010 and refined by Gubinelli and Jara, are unique. This is the first time that a singular stochastic PDE can be tackled using probabilistic methods, and the combination of the convergence results of the first work and many follow-up papers with our uniqueness proof establishes the weak KPZ universality conjecture for a wide class of models. Our proof builds on an observation of Funaki and Quastel from 2015, and a remarkable consequence is that the energy solution to the KPZ equation is not equal to the Cole–Hopf solution, but it involves an additional driftt/12t/12.