bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 3D printed PEEK and other 3D printed biocompatible materials as healthcare devices
Authors: Shetty Sandeep , B. T. Nandish , Amin Vivek , Harish Pooja , Selva Kumar Stanly , Shahira
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Additive manufacturing has sought a widespread attention and higher rate of development which can also be modeled by processing of the data acquired by medical Computer Tomography scan. The object is built on a built plate of the printer in layers to form a final required model. Thus, a patient-specific model can be created from imaging data set. Materials available for such printing are elastomers, polymers, metals, or ceramics. The polymer, Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been used in health care applications, such as medical devices, and implants due to its high strength, biocompatibility, and light weight. Stainless steel (316L) is commonly used due to its strength, bio-tolerance, corrosion resistance and its formability. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical strength and biocompatibility of medical grade PEEK and stainless steel.
 
Material and Methods: The test sample of PEEK was prepared using unreinforced PEEK (450G-Victrex Plc., Lancashire, UK) at the Prototyping Lab with a 3D-Printer - INTAMSYS - FUNMAT HT. Samples of stainless steel was printed using the iFusion SF1 Metal 3D Printer using Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) technology. The mechanical tests such as compressive, impact, and tensile tests were performed using an electromechanical universal testing machine (UTM) model- Zwick/Roell Z020 with a 20kN load cell. Biocompatibility tests were done using L929 cells to assess the cytotoxicity of the dental materials.
 
Results: The tensile strength of PEEK polymer was 70+1.6 and the impact strength of PEEK polymer was 289 J/m.
 
Conclusion: The tensile strength of stainless steel was higher compared to that of PEEK polymer, and the impact strength of PEEK polymer higher compared to stainless steel. Thus, it can be concluded that both biomaterial such as 316L stainless steel and PEEK are non-toxic to fibroblast.
Detection of anti-testicular antibodies among infertile males using indirect immunofluorescent technique
Authors: Hazim Hamoode Rana , A. Alkubaisy Sami , A. Sattar Dalal , S. Hamzah Sawsan , Hadi Saleh Tahreer , Laftaah Al-Rubaii Bahaa Abdullah
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are unwanted molecules which bind and destroy certain structures within the nucleus. Immunofluorescence is a powerful technique that utilizes fluorescent-labeled antibodies to detect specific target antigens. The aim of this study was to detect the anti-testicular antibody among infertile males in Baghdad city and determine the most common type of infertility.
 
Materials and Methods: The study involved 73 male (53 infertile and 20 non-infertile) volunteers, at Kamal Al-Samarrai Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Serum collected from the study subjects was tested for steroid-cell antibodies (STC-Ab), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-testicular antibodies (ATCA) by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS program.
 
Results: In the current study 52.9% of infertile men tested positive for testicular antibodies compared to the control group. The highest rate of testicular cell antibodies was observed in the serum of infertile patients aged between 30-39 years and the lowest in patients aged 50-59 years. The marriage duration among those showing the highest percentage of antibodies against testicular cells was 1-10 years. Study for the association of male infertility type to those positive for ATCA showed almost all (85.7%) patients with necrozoospermia to be positive for ATCA. This was followed by males with azoospermia (50%) and oligospermia (46.9%). The patients were negative for Addison’s disease while a few (28.6%) were positive for lupus erythematosus.
Micronutrients- The crucial dietary elements in Covid-19 pandemic: A review
Authors: Kumar Sumit , S. Moodithaya Shailaja , K. Adithi , Kumar Chatterjee Pratik
Published: November 2022

The mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which cause person-to-person transmission, is the pivotal reason for the pandemic outbreak in the year 2020. Infection symptoms include fever, dry cough, lethargy, severe pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, and death. COVID-19 induces a systemic inflammatory reaction that impairs the immune system, commonly known as cytokine release syndrome. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are abundant in COVID-19 sufferers' bodies. COVID-19 has a disproportionate impact on the elderly, both directly and through several comorbidities associated with age. Nutrition is without hesitation, a crucial factor in maintaining good health. Some nutrients are essential for the immune system's health and function, exhibiting synergistic actions in critical immune response steps. Vitamin D, C, and Zinc stand out among these nutrients because they have immunomodulatory properties and help to maintain physical tissue barriers. Considering the viability of the virus, nutrients that boost the immunity henceforth the severity of viral infections declines with improved prognosis become important. As a result, the purpose of this review is to provide a complete outline of vitamins D, C, and zinc's involvement during the immune response towards infection, and to enlighten their commensal action of maintaining physical barriers including integument and mucous membrane. Appropriate vitamin D, C, and zinc consumption may represent a feasible pharmacological intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the high surge in population interaction and the commencement of inflammation.
Antibacterial activity of klebocin against methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Razooqi Hussein Alyaa , Zamel Khalaf Zainab
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that have bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic activity against other bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficiency of Klebocin a K. pneumoniae bacteriocin, against biofilm formation by clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA.
 
Materials and Methods: S. aureus isolated from clinical samples was identified according to vitek 2 system Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed according to disc diffusion method. Vitek 2 compact system was also used to detect MRSA strains. Agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of klebocin from K. pneumoniae towards 11 strains of S. aureus by the microtiter plate method throughout the initial and final steps of biofilm development.
 
Results: Our finding shown that crude extract of klebocin was active against all the tested pre-formed biofilm of S.aureus isolates and the percentage of inhibition ranging from 78.9-88.5%. Also the results of the current study demonstrated that all matured bacterial biofilm was inhibited in at a percentage ranging from 41.2% - 91.2%.
 
Conclusion: This finding proved that klebocin had antibacterial activity against planktonic cells of S.aureus in addition to antibiofilm activity against premature and mature biofilm of MRSA. Also klebocin had broad spectrum activity effecting Gram +ve bacteria and its biofilm production.
A study on topography of tibial plateau and its applications in knee arthroplasty
Authors: N. Hema , Mittal Anjana , G. Kamath Venkatesh
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: This investigation was designed for evaluating the tibial plateau in Indian population and compares the data with other populations. The major intention is to observe if significant difference exists in diverse a demographic profile that necessitates production of population specific implants ensuring success in total knee arthroplasty.
 
Materials and Methods: Morphometry of 200 adult human tibial plateaus were measured in dry bones using a sliding digital caliper and data analysis was done. 
 
Results:   The mean anteroposterior dimension of the medial condyle was 38.98 ± 4.46 mm on the left and 38.81 ± 5.05 mm on the right and the lateral condyle was 32.99 ± 4.01mm on the left and 32.42 ± 4.88 mm on the right. The mean transverse dimension of the medial condyle was 24.95 ± 3.22 mm on the left and 24.54 ± 2.69 mm on the right and the lateral condyle was 28.15 ± 4.10 mm on the left and 27.76 ± 3.50 mm on the right. The anteroposterior dimension of the intercondylar area was 44.78 ± 3.87 mm on the left and 44.19 ± 4.51mm on the right.
 
Conclusion: The data obtained will help in designing tibial prosthetic implants best suited for Indian population. The surgeon can assess how much a given deformity deviates from the normal values. The dimensions of the tibial plateau vary in different populations and most available prosthesis is designed based on Caucasian data. The tibial prosthetic sizing needs to be population specific to avoid a mismatch or mediolateral overhang.
Herbal microsponge incorporated sunscreen gel: A novel strategy
Authors: Das Arnab , Chakraborty Prithviraj , Khatiwara Bunu , Dhakal Jigyasha , Sarangi Samarpan , Singh Simran , Chakrabarti Srijita
Published: November 2022

Different dermatological disorders have different effects on the lives of patients. Recently microsponge formulations have been used to treat several dermatological complications. Microsponges are basically tiny sponge like spherical particles with porous surface having valuable and attractive effect on topical delivery. The side effect of the used drug can be reduced, bioavailability can be increased, and the drug release can be modified. Microsponges can be used in different bases like gel, lotion, ointment and even in powder form. Microsponges used in sunscreen gel are now very popular. Excessive UV exposure leads to different pathological conditions like skin burns, erythema, skin carcinogenesis, etc., The microsponge sunscreen gel protects our skin from all these skin problems and most importantly, with a very less amount of side effects compared to others. Moreover, microsponges are very much cost effective, easy to handle, can deliver minimum dose of drug and enhance the stability.
Expression of autophagy and apoptosis biomarkers in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Mamytov Mitalip , Mamytova Elmira , Toktomametova Anara , Miklukhin Danil , Yethindra Vityala , Tagaev Tugolbai , Kalikiri Sandhya , Kanteti Krishna Priya
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis are the main mechanisms of neuron death in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to evaluate the expression of apoptosis and autophagy biomarkers in peripheral blood of patients with AIS.
 
Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight patients (32 men and 36 women) aged 30-60 years with AIS underwent a clinical and neurological examination on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days after the disease onset. The expression of apoptosis and autophagy biomarkers in peripheral blood was evaluated by flow cytometry and compared with the severity of neurological deficit and injury on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days, using correlation analysis.
 
Results: There is a statistical significance compared with the control group and an increase in the expression of key biomarkers of apoptosis and autophagy was revealed. Increased expression levels of annexin A5 and caspase-3 positively correlate with the severity of neurological deficit and injury on the 1st and 7th days from the onset of the disease.
 
Conclusion: A direct correlation was revealed between elevated levels of apoptosis and autophagy biomarkers in peripheral blood and severity of neurological deficit and injury on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days from the onset of AIS.
Assessing the potential correlation of polymorphisms in the TMPRSS2 gene with severity of COVID 19 patients
Authors: Zaki Mahdi Nazar , A. M. Khudhair , Sahib Khalil Nawar
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Once infected this virus induces several clinical disorders in humans. SARSCoV-2 enters cells via TMPRSS2. Genetic variation in TMPRSS2 could affect the severity of infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the (TMPRSS2) gene polymorphism affected COVID-19 severity in patients as well as the effect of age and comorbidities on infection.

 

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study comprised of 400 (185 male, 215 female) Covid-19-infected patients between ages 18-65 receiving treatment in hospitals at Baghdad, Iraq. The patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe based on the severity of Covid-19 infection. Baseline data was collected for each patient through interview and questionnaire. Blood collected from patients was subjected to DNA extraction and detecting polymorphisms within SNPs of the TMPRSS2 gene.

 

Results: The present investigation indicated higher age to be significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection when compared to moderate and mild infection (36.14 ± 12.716 vs. 48.52 ± 17.513 vs. 59.26 ± 16.035) (F= 3.697, df: 64, P= 0.000). Patients with comorbidities was associated with a greater rate of severe Covid-19 infection (74.2% vs. 25.8%). However, individuals without comorbidities had a considerably lower rate of mild and moderate Covid-19 infection (13.9% vs. 86.1%) and (36% vs. 64%), respectively (x^2: 97.930, df: 2, P = 0.000). SNPs; (rs383510, rs12329760) within the transmembrane TMPRSS2–7113 was studied and we found no  significant (P> 0.05) association for these SNPs to severity of Covid-19 infection.

 

Conclusion: The results show that the allelic variation within the TMPRSS2 (SNP rs2070788) gene to be linked to increasing illness severity in COVID-19 patients.
A infância, o brincar e a educação infantil: um olhar da sociologia da infância
Authors: Martins Lucina Cristina Pupo , RODRIGUES YARA
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo discutir as contribuições da Sociologia da Infância para a compreensão da infância, do brincar e da Educação Infantil. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão crítica da literatura. Basicamente, a fundamentação que trata sobre os construtos teóricos dos estudos da infância foi embasada nas obras de Manuel Jacinto Sarmento (2009) e Willian A. Corsaro (2011). Entende-se que a Sociologia da Infância se configura como campo de estudos que entende a infância como categoria social e a criança como produtora de cultura. Essa premissa rompe com a ideia de uma natureza instintiva e biológica proposta pela psicologia do desenvolvimento. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que essa abordagem pode contribuir para a construção de projetos e práticas nas instituições de Educação Infantil que considerem as especificidades das crianças, enquanto sujeitos ativos e participativos, principalmente, por meio do brincar.
Educação de zero a três anos: contribuições de Emmi Ppikler
Authors: Malko Thalita , RODRIGUES YARA
Published: November 2022

O acesso de muitas crianças nas instituições voltadas à educação infantil está ocorrendo cada vez mais cedo e a permanência desse público é cada vez maior. Portanto, cada vez mais se faz necessário pensar numa pedagogia que considere essas crianças bem pequenas em sua integralidade. Diante do exposto, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a educação e o cuidado de bebês e de crianças bem pequenas que frequentam a creche, ancorando-se nos estudos e no trabalho realizado pelo Instituto Emmi Pikler, em Budapest, na Hungria. Como referência metodológica, optou-se pela revisão crítica da literatura. Foram consultadas obras da autora e de seus intérpretes e colaboradores. A abordagem de Emmi Pikler destaca as relações de cuidado entre o adulto e a criança pequena e o movimento livre, como premissa para um desenvolvimento adequado. Compreende-se que essa abordagem se constitui como uma proposta consistente para a educação coletiva das crianças de zero a três anos, seja para compreender quem é o bebê e a criança pequena, como eles aprendem e significam o mundo, quanto para constituição da identidade do(a) profissional que atua na creche.
As competências do profissional revisor de texto: algumas reflexões
Authors: Morva Cintia Mara de Lina , Hubler Sônia Maria Packer
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo compõe-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa sobre as competências necessárias para o desempenho do revisor de texto. Está organizado em um único capítulo com três subdivisões: as principais competência de um revisor, a variação linguística e as áreas de atuação. Tem como objetivo abordar aspectos que formam as competências do revisor e seus principais campos de trabalho: revisão editorial, revisão de textos acadêmicos e revisão de textos publicitários. Como resultado, pode-se constatar que a revisão procura consertar possíveis problemas com relação à estrutura, ao aspecto linguístico e ao conteúdo do texto. Conclui-se que o revisor, além de conhecer bem as normas da língua, necessita de amplas habilidades para desempenhar seu papel, em virtude de uma esfera que abrange todas as áreas do conhecimento humano.
Effect of humic preparations from sapropel on vegetable crops
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Bezuglova Olga , Khaletskaya Galina
Published: November 2022

The effect of humic preparations from sapropel on the growth and development of vegetable crops zucchini and tomatoes was studied. The experiment was carried out in the Aksay district of the Rostov region in the village Starocherkasskaya. The results of the study pointed that humic preparations are quite effective independently of the reagent used for extraction. However, the vegetable crops responsiveness to preparations distinguishes. The best results were shown by a humic preparation obtained using sodium hydroxide. The second place was taken by a preparation extracted using EDTA. Lower results were shown by sodium carbonate and hot water. Keywords: HUMIC PREPARATIONS, SAPROPEL OF LAKE BELOYE, MEADOW-CHERNOZEM SOIL
KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SERAI (Cymbopogon citratus) DESA BANDAR KHALIPAH TERHADAP MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)
Authors: Tambunan Pravil Mistryanto
Published: November 2022

Research has been carried out to determine the LD50 value and observe the toxic effects of Ethanol Extract of Lemongrass Leaves (EEEL) on male mouse using 64 male mouse which were divided into 4 groups. The control group was given 0.5% CMC-Na suspension while the treatment group was given a single dose of EEEL suspension with doses of 1500, 3500, and 7000 mg/kg BW given on the first day. Observations of toxic symptoms, changes in body weight and number of deaths were carried out for a span of 7-14 days. After observation, the surviving mouses were sacrificed for macropathological and histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys. The determination of the LD50 value was calculated based on the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Method Edition VI, while the statistical data was tested using Quadratic Nonlinear Regression (QNR) with the SPSS computer program. The simplicia characterization showed positive results on triterpenoid, tannin, flavonoid, and saponin tests, and anthraquinone glycosides and negative results on alkaloid and steroid tests. The results showed that there were toxic symptoms starting in the 3500 and 7000 mg/kg BW dose groups. The statistical results of Quadratic Nonlinear Regression (QNR) also showed no significant difference between each group. In addition, there were no color differences in all groups in the results of organ macropathology. However, liver damage was found on organ macropathological examination at doses of 1500, 3500, and 7000 mg/kg BW. Meanwhile, EEEL doses of 3500 and 7000 mg/kg caused glomerular hypertrophy and dilation of several renal tubules. The LD50 result is 4,965.92 mg/kg BW which indicates that EEEL was categorized as moderate toxic.
EKSTRAKSI UNSUR FERRUM DARI LIMBAH PADAT PABRIK PULP DAN KERTAS
Authors: Sembiring Maria Peratenta , Heltina Desi , Chairul Chairul , Zulfansyah Zulfansyah
Published: November 2022

Functioning industrial waste as raw material or as a product is an achievement that will continue to be optimized, especially in industries where the amount of waste is significant. Pulp and paper mills produce  waste in the form of solid, sludge, liquid and gas. The objective of this research is to extract the element ferrum contained in one of the solid wastes in pulp and paper mills. By using two fatty amine extractor, lauryl amine and stearyl amine with ethanol and n-hexane as solvents. The results showed that the use of stearyl amine as an extractor and n-hexane as a solvent with operating conditions of 4 hours and a dose of 5 grams gave the best results with an extraction yield of 10,964 mg/kg.
Foreword
Authors: Bernotienė Gintarė
Published: November 2022

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Waiting for the Sequel: Serial novels and Early Readers of Lithuanian Periodicals
Authors: Pauliukevičiūtė Dalia
Published: November 2022

In this analysis the author discusses the interplay between late nineteenth century readers and the first Lithuanian periodicals, proposing that the history of the Lithuanian press be seen as the writing of a single text. To interpret the reader-text relationship, the author draws on the concepts of Paul Ricoeur (who sees the text as offering a project for a possible world) and Rita Felski (who argues that recognition is a significant mark of the reader-text relationship) – their description of the interaction with the text and its restructuring of the reader’s world. The author posits that in this situation the collective authors of a text create a projection of the world and propose a way of being in it; as a result, the plots lived out by early readers who gradually became “heavy-handed scribes” become part of press history.Recovery of voice and the need for a sequel emerge as the most important motifs in the reader’s inscription into press history. Recovery of voice is related to melodramatic expression, whose characteristics are manifest in translations of the Polish author Maria Rodziewiczówna’s novels. The promise of a sequel is guaranteed by the means of the texts’ distribution – their serialization in magazines. This writer’s work appears as a modification of positivist attitudes and a recognition-based invitation to the reader to inscribe herself/himself into the text. Rodziewiczówna’s melodramatic narrative establishes the most common kind of recognition structure – rituals of moral address appear as narratives of self-discovery, encouraging the reader to become part of the sequel.
Vargas dėl Donelaičio
Authors: Šidlauskas Marijus
Published: November 2022

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Pertrūkis be atokvėpio vilties
Authors: Šidlauskas Marijus
Published: November 2022

Tomas Venclova, Pertrūkis tikrovėje: Straipsniai apie literatūrą ir kultūrą, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2013, 614 p. ISBN 978-609-425-096-5
Kas atrandama kasinėjant
Authors: Mitaitė Donata
Published: November 2022

Viktorija Daujotytė, Boružė, ropojanti plentu: Prigimtinės kultūros kasinėjimai Marcelijaus Martinaičio kūryboje, Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2013, 376 p., ISBN 978-9986-39-768-7
Foreword
Authors: Sprindytė Jūratė
Published: November 2022

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Literatūrinė biografija kultūros istorijos kontekste
Authors: Lotman Jurij , Cibarauskė Virginija
Published: November 2022

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Lithuanian Jewish Writers’ Career Paths During the Soviet Period: Between Adapting Within the Republic and Participating in the Empire
Authors: Ivanauskas Vilius
Published: November 2022

The author of this article analyzes how Soviet national policy and Jewish culture’s lack of legitimacy impacted the career paths of Jewish writers living in Lithuania and their relationship with the Lithuanian literary field. The article examines the careers of five Jewish writers – Hiršas Ošerovičius, Jokūbas Josadė, Ichokas Meras, Mykolas Sluckis, and Grigorijus Kanovičius – and their different relationships to the Lithuanian literary field. The author applies an interdisciplinary approach, examining these writers’ strategies within the contexts of Soviet ethnic policy and national processes. Building on previous studies, the article opens up a broader perspective on Jewish writers’ options, constraints, and choices both within Lithuania and at the union level.These examples of Soviet-era Jewish writers’ career paths reflect the considerable tensions felt by writers not belonging to the dominant culture when experiencing Soviet ethnopolitics. Writers experiencing a lack of cultural legitimacy had to maneuver: they had to blend into the Lithuanian literary field, participate in it episodically, or be involved in several literary fields simultaneously. It is possible to single out writers’ participation only within the Lithuanian literary field (Meras, Sluckis); their totally or partially articulated strategies of assimilation; their participation within the Lithuanian literary field and within rather fragmented “islands” of Yiddish literature (Josadė, Ošerovičius); as well as (drawing increasingly on the thematics of Jewish history) their active maneuvering between the Lithuanian and Russian literary fields (Kanovičius), which offered artists greater possibilities for recognition. Kanovičius’s model of the Jewish writer/artist’s participation in the empire is the most marked embodiment of the Soviet-era Jewish intellectual’s multi-layered identity.
The Prose of Marius Katiliškis: Artistic Contours of the Monistic Worldview
Authors: Tūtlytė Rita
Published: November 2022

In this article the author seeks to view novelist Marius Katiliškis’s oeuvre within the framework of European literary tradition, to draw attention to remnants of early twentieth century art’s monistic worldview in the writer’s narratives, and to highlight his artistic expression of the monistic worldview. The author of the article grounds her analysis in the philosophical concept of monism and in studies of its diffusion in late European Romanticism, and in German literary studies (Monika Fick, Marianne Wünsch) of twentieth century literary monism and shifts in literary systems (realism – modernism).Early twentieth century modern European art probed the sensory aspect of human nature and the irrational as important instruments for grasping the unity of the world. The author of the article applies these aspects to her reading of Katiliškis’s prose. A review of narrative strategies allows her to make the convincing argument that Katiliškis’s realistic representation and epic narrative are complemented with twentieth century innovations. The sensory emphasis that is characteristic of his understanding of the world is an instrument that allows him to connect the human and nature as closely together as possible, and to search for a single, foundational principle. The monistic view of the world gives realistic representation greater depth, as attention to social and psychological human relations is complemented by a sense of the unity of life and a mystical dimension: Katiliškis brings monism’s key concepts about the universal basis of life to the traditional human/nature relationship.
Minority Writing as a Challenge to the National Literary Canon: The Case of Lithuania
Authors: Laukonėn Taisija
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the question of literary canon formation in presentday Lithuania from the perspective of minority writing and in the context of Western canon theory. The author focuses on debates around literary canon that were stimulated by the ideology of liberal pluralism, and which took place in American academia and public discourse during the 1970s and 1980s; these debates are reflected in publications by Cornell West, John Guillory, and Mikhail Gronas, and are useful in demonstrating the peculiarities of the Lithuanian context.The first peculiarity is the specific history of the minority-majority relationship. In Lithuania, the largest minorities are Poles and Russians, who are perceived in the national historical narrative as former colonizers (primarily Russians, but also Poles, who controlled Vilnius during the inter-war period). The second is the fact that the literary traditions of the languages spoken by these minorities have greater cultural capital in “the World Republic of Letters” than does the Lithuanian literary tradition. In Lithuania, minority literatures are mostly written in minority languages, and this creates additional obstacles for including them in the national literary canon. The third peculiarity is the isolated existence of minority writing and its criticism in Lithuania – it stays within academia, thereby producing no effect on public discourse.The article concludes that in Lithuania, for the time being, minority discourses and the canon debate do not intersect in any significant way. Lithuanian society has not yet developed the need for multicultural selfreflexivity. The crisis of the literary canon here is mostly seen as a byproduct of de-Sovietization, but also – and here the situations in Lithuania and Western countries are similar – of the devaluation of literature as a form of cultural capital.
Kas geriau – menas ar amatas?
Authors: Aistis Jonas , Žvirgždas Manfredas
Published: November 2022

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Reikšminga teologinių aspektų visuma (Dalia Čiočytė, Literatūros teologija: teologiniai lietuvių literatūros aspektai)
Authors: Mikelaitis Gediminas
Published: November 2022

Dalia Čiočytė, Literatūros teologija: Teologiniai lietuvių literatūros aspektai, Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetto leidykla, 2013, 340 p., ISBN 978-609-459-269-0
What is Real? Reflections on the Ambiguity and Study of Soviet Experience
Authors: Laumenskaitė Irena Eglė
Published: November 2022

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Is Formative Children’s Literature – History?
Authors: Adomavičienė Laimutė
Published: November 2022

Kęstutis Urba, Auginančioji literatūra: XX a. lietuvių vaikų literatūros tyrimai, Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2015, 340 p., ISBN: 9789986398639
Illuminated by a Meteor
Authors: Mitaitė Donata
Published: November 2022

Solveiga Daugirdaitė, Švystelėjo kaip meteoras: 1965-ieji su Simone de Beauvoir ir Jeanu Pauliu Sartre’u, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2015, 271 p., ISBN 978-609-425-154-2
Does Time Distance Us From Maironis? (Maironis: Letters and Recollections)
Authors: Adomavičienė Laimutė
Published: November 2022

Maironis: Laiškai. Atsiminimai, sudarė ir parengė Eugenijus Žmuida, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2016, 810 p., ISBN:978-609-425-199-3
The Hermit of Ustronė’s Broliai bajorai (Brothers Noblemen), or the Planes of Memory (A Little Bit From Everywhere, Vol. 2: Brothers Noblemen. The Hermit’s Gawęda)
Authors: Speičytė Brigita
Published: November 2022

Stanislovas Moravskis, Iš visur po truputį, t. 2: Broliai bajorai: Atsiskyrėlio gavenda, iš lenkų k. vertė ir parengė Reda Griškaitė, Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos institutas, Vilniaus Dailės akademijos leidykla, 2016, 583 p., ISBN 978-609-447-196-4 (t. 2)
Definitions and Discussions: Comparative Literature in the Interwar Lithuania
Authors: Jurgutienė Aušra
Published: November 2022

After Lithuania won its independence, the geopolitical situation of the Lithuanian culture, which the philosopher Stasys Šalkauskis conceptualized as the synthesis of the Western and Eastern worlds, encouraged the openness of the national literature and its comparative research, which involved the most famous writers of that time. The academic publications by Kaunas University provided the first definitions of comparative literature and began to carry out comparative literary studies, most of which were influenced by historiographical works of Hippolyte Taine, Ch. A. Sainte-Beuve, George Brandes, Wilhelm Scherer, Wilhelm Dilthey, Oscar Walzel, Heinrich Wölfflin, and Fritz Strich.Writer Balys Sruoga, who taught Russian literature at the University and, in his articles, referred to German historians and the most recent works by Russian comparativists Viktor Zhirmunsky and Alexander Veselovsky, employed the comparative-historical method. Ignas Skrupskelis, who presented his dissertation Lithuanians in the German Literature of the 18th century (Lietuviai XVIII amžiaus vokiečių literatūroje) at the University of Vienna in 1932, conceptualized comparative literature as a separate field of research. The authors of the Universal Literary History (Visuotinė literatūros istorija, in 2 parts, published in 1931 and 1932 respectively) emphasized the significance of typological research on literary genres and styles. Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas and Julijonas Lindė-Dobilas were also concerned about organizing Lithuanian literature into „schemes of development of common European art“. Writer and critic Antanas Vaičiulaitis, who based on the latest research by French authors and presented in Lithuanian press La littérature comparée (1931), the most recent book by the then famous comparatist Paul van Tieghm, also published the first book on comparative literature, Naturalism and Lithuanian Literature (Natūralizmas ir lietuvių literatūra) in 1936.In the interwar period in Lithuania, comparative literature was forming with the emphasis on the notion of artistic disinterest, which the scholars related mainly to genetic research and influences. They were interested in what motives or stylistic trends unite different writers and their works, because in that period, it was believed that literature could best help to know and describe the human nature and to consider the most important issues of national identity, as well as those common to all mankind. The comparative studies of Lithuanian literature that began in the interwar period looked up rapidly to European examples, but the Second World War, the Soviet occupation of the country and the mass emigration of its intelligentsia to the West led to their stagnation.
Homo academicus lituanicus
Authors: Mačianskaitė Loreta
Published: November 2022

2018 m. pavasarį inicijuotas mokslo institutų pertvarkos projektas išryškino ne tik aktualiosios dabarties, bet ir bendresnio pobūdžio problemas, kurios prašyte prašosi būti apmąstytos iš naujo. Žurnalo Colloquia redakcinė kolegija nusprendė surengti šiai temai skirtą pokalbį ir parengė klausimyną, kurį iš anksto išsiuntė galimiems dalyviams.
With no Cracks
Authors: Sprindytė Jūratė
Published: November 2022

Viktorija Daujotytė, Granas: Įtrūkstanti tikrovė: Mąstymo apie Romualdą Granauską punktyrai; įrašai, Vilnius: Odilė, 2017, 320 p., ISBN 978-609-95922-2-0
A Historian on Poetry
Authors: Mitaitė Donata
Published: November 2022

Mindaugas Tamošaitis, Mes esam Šiaurės krašto.... Poetui Eugenijui Matuzevičiui (1917–1994) – 100 metų, Vilnius: Sofoklis, 2017, 383 p., ISBN 978-609-444-237-7
Foreword
Authors: Vanagaitė Gitana
Published: November 2022

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Exploring Space and Place in Literature: Towards Digital Analysis and Literary Mapping in the Context of Latvian Cultural History
Authors: Kalnačs Benedikts , Daija Pauls
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on the digital analysis of Latvian novels (46 in total) published between 1900 and 1914. By elaborating this corpus of texts and detecting and scrutinizing different facets of space representation, we ask questions in regard to the possibilities, as well as potential predicaments of the use of the methodology of digital humanities when applied to the interpretation of literary texts. We are especially interested in the representations of enlargement of geographical space in the novels and the ways in which the literary representations are linked to historical and social events. In the final part, , we discuss how the outcomes of digital analysis play a part in the process of canon-building in Latvian literature, and what similarities and differences prevail in texts included in the literary canon and in those remaining on the periphery. The conclusion further relates these issues to the nationbuilding process of the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Latvia.
To Set the Time Right: Truth and Atonement in Tomas Veclova‘s Work
Authors: Hinsey Ellen
Published: November 2022

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We Could Learn a Thing or Two from Foreign Publishers: A Conversation About the Dissemination of Humanities Publications
Authors: Vanagaitė Gitana
Published: November 2022

Pokalbis apie humanitarinės literatūros sklaidą, vykęs 2019 vasario 21 d. Vilniaus knygų mugėje.
Under the Miłosz‘s Sign
Authors: Narušienė Vaiva
Published: November 2022

Tadeuszas Bujnickis, Apie literatūrinę „Žagarų“ grupę ir ne tik, Vilnius, Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2018, 380 p., ISBN 978-609-425-235-8
Primal Images of a Peaceful Being: Tracing a Novel (Works by Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas and Adalbert Stifter)
Authors: Tūtlytė Rita
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to examine the longing for a “peaceful being” identified in the works of the 20th-century Lithuanian writer Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas and to explore his literary sources. The focus is on the novel Der Nachsommer (1857) [Indian Summer] of the 19th-century Austrian writer Adalbert Stifter, which Nyka-Niliūnas constantly mentions in his diaries. The author of the article also introduces the most important observations by the German / Austrian literary critics about the novel on this subject. From a comparative point of view, the author elaborates on the aspects that are close to the worldview of both Stifter and Niliūnas. Finally, she talks about the history of reception of Stifter’s works mentioned in Niliūnas’s diaries.Stifter’s novel depicts a closed, calm, and „storm-free“ world deliberately created by an individual. In this respect, Niliūnas’s works depict a clear connection between the space of the childhood home and loved ones, providing a sense of security and the importance of consistency and daily monotony that ensures a sense of stability. The relationship with the reality of things in the writers’ works differs: Stifter experiences the positivist closeness to reality, whereas Niliūnas’s works are characterized by the sensory and ontological being.In terms of time, Niliūnas puts his own twist on a safe nest of existence. He perceives the change of the seasons and their turnover as a measure of the stability of existence. The poet stops / restores the flow of time by remembering and by layering the segments of time. In this way, the time revolving around the circle of nature, or the circle of memories ensures the sustainability of the personal world. Stifter’s “Rosenhaus” is an idyllic place where a person goes through a thorough process of self-education (the novel is considered a Bildungsroman).Niliūnas recognizes in Stifter’s novel the importance of selfdevelopment. In silent solitude, to set off purposefully to the worlds of art and philosophy had been poet's main frame of mind through his entire life. Like Stifter, Niliūnas uses intertextual substitutions and cultural plots. It is probable that with the outbreak of war in Europe and the collapse of stability, to Niliūnas, the connoisseur of books, Stifter’s novel was  personally a very significant discovery, becoming one of the pillars of his worldview. The author of the article concludes that Niliūnas was affected by the conceptual layer of the Stifter’s novel—the revolving of the ontologically safe existence.
Antanas Škėma – My Classmate
Authors: Daugėla Kazys
Published: November 2022

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The Shift in Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas’s Written Language: Approach to Standard Language
Authors: Venckienė Jurgita
Published: November 2022

Early noticing that there was a standard written Lithuanian language, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas tried to use it when speaking. By the late 19th century, there were no major discussions about which dialect to choose for the standard Lithuanian language. The South-Western Aukštaitian dialect was chosen, therefore Tumas had to avoid using his native Eastern Aukštaitian dialect. The aim of this article is to analyze Tumas’ written language and answer questions: how his written language had shifted and why and what his relationship with the emerging standard language was.In the late 19th century, two directions for the standard written Lithuanian language presented themselves. The first was represented by Catholic clergy and the second by the laity. The representatives of the first direction relied on the model of Kazimieras Jaunius’ language. The latter followed the language of the newspaper Varpas and Jonas Jablonskis. In the last decade of the 19th century, Tumas, then a student of the Samogitian (Telšiai) Seminary in Kaunas, relied on the language model of Catholic clergy. Tumas’ epistolary legacy shows that he also contemplated the language model of laity, considering which option was more rational.Jablonskis’s book on the Lithuanian grammar (1901) caused the shift in Tumas’s approach towards the language. Probably realizing that Catholic clergy had no intention of acknowledging Jablonskis’s authority, in the early 20th century, he began to rely on the suggestions of the priest Povilas Januševičius. However very soon, Tumas, seeing that the language model of laity was finally gaining ground in the press, had rejected Januševičius’s suggestions.
Academic Ensemble of Collective Monograph Maironio balsai
Authors: Šidlauskas Marijus
Published: November 2022

Maironio balsai: Kūryba, veikla, atmintis (kolektyvinė monografija), sud. Manfredas Žvirgždas, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2019, 775 p., ISBN 978-609-425-251-8
The Image of the Sea in Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis’s and Vydūnas’s Artistic Program of the Creation of the World
Authors: Martišiūtė-Linartienė Aušra
Published: November 2022

The article illustrates the creative connections between the composer and painter Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (1875-1911) and the playwright and philosopher Vydūnas (Vilhelmas Storostas, 1868-1953) observed and described by their contemporaries and later, by scholars in a very general way. The article discusses the following elements of Čiurlionis’s and Vydūnas’s creative program: a work of art as a vision, the creative act as the creation of one’s own world, the principle of combining abstract and specific, and the positivity of worldview expressed in the direction of ascent. The image of the sea, which has become the main object of the work, expresses the creative world. In the interpretations of the legend about Jūratė and Kastytis, the significance of love between the human and the goddess alters from human humility and mutual feeling of love to the meanings of co-creation revealed by Čiurlionis and Vydūnas, depicting the reaction of the gods to the love of the goddess and man—from the punishment to blessing (Vydūnas’s Jūraitė). Interpretations of the legend vary from the “bound” Prometheus—the image of Kastytis bound to a rock to the meanings of the liberated Prometheus (looking at the corpus of Čiurlionis’s works, the painting “Rex,” the finale of Vydūnas’s Jūrų varpai and Jūraitė assert the liberation of the human-creator). Both artists affirm the strengthening of the inner powers of the individual. They consolidate the unmatched value of the power of human creativity.
About Birutė, Comparative Studies, Translation, and Hope
Authors: Kučinskienė Aistė
Published: November 2022

Birutė Ciplijauskaitė, Tarp lituanistikos ir ispanistikos. Moterys XIX–XX amžių Europos literatūrose, sudarė ir iš ispanų k. vertė Akvilė Šimėnienė, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2019, 284 p., ISBN 978-609-425-255-6
About the Master by the Master: A Monograph on Marcelijus Martinaitis
Authors: Baliutytė Elena
Published: November 2022

Akvilė Rėklaitytė, Meistraujantis žmogus. Marcelijaus Martinaičio poetinė antropologija: monografija, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2020, 286 p., ISBN978-609-425-294-6
Vilne, Vilne undzer Meka: A City on the Border between Old and New, East and West
Authors: Krutikov Mikhail
Published: November 2022

One of the key features of the image of Vilnius is its position on a symbolic spatial and chronological border. Depending on the ideological agenda of a particular imperial or national discourse, Vilnius can be located on the western or the eastern frontier of the imaginary imperial realm (Russian or German respectively), or as a historic national capital (for Poles, Lithuanians and Belarusians). Correspondingly, different national and imperial narratives evaluated particular historical periods differently, usually portraying the more remote past positively, as opposed to the most recent past. The Russian city guide by Flavian Dobrianskii and the German books by Paul Weber and Paul Monty, published respectively before and during the First World War, described the city from two opposite perspectives using the same conceptual opposition of East versus West. Unlike these dichotomous representations, Jewish Modernist poetry, exemplified by two poems entitled ‘Vilna’, by the Hebrew poet Zalman Shneour and the Yiddish poet Moyshe Kulbak, as well as the Yiddish city guide by Zalmen Szyk, sought to restore the imaginary unity of time and space, celebrating the complexity and diversity of the city.
Touring Vilna: Images of the City and its Jews in Guidebooks and Travelogues, 1856–1939
Authors: Kuznitz Cecile E.
Published: November 2022

From the mid-19th century through the end of the interwar period, a variety of texts about Vilna were published to guide and inform both tourists and armchair travellers. The Polish, French and German language guidebooks and travelogues considered in this article were composed both by native sons and visitors who wished to share their impressions of the city, its notable sights, and its residents. While some overlooked the presence of Jews, most devoted some space to Vilna’s Jewish landmarks. Overwhelmingly, they focused their attention on the Jewish quarter, the traditional heart of Jewish life, although a minority ventured to newer neighbourhoods, where they discovered a vibrant modern community. Their attitudes included a mix of sympathy, fascination and revulsion; many employed the language of orientalism, even as they invested that language with a variety of meanings. These authors’ narratives were shaped by their views of the various groups that comprised Vilna’s diverse population, as well as by commitments ranging from Polish nationalism to pacifism. Such accounts thus illuminate competing visions of the larger society and the place of Jews within it
Moyshe Kulbak's and Zalman Shneour's Vilnius: Poetic Reality versus Gloriours Contruct
Authors: Lempertienė Lara
Published: November 2022

During the interwar period, many attempts were made to perceive and interpret the legacy of Jewish Vilnius, both in the city itself and abroad. Many of the images of the city created in that period betray nostalgic and half-mythological features, even while they present a living and breathing Jewish environment. This essay is a comparative case study of two literary texts that might provide some answers to these questions. One is the Hebrew poem Vilna by Zalman Shneour (1919), and the other is the Yiddish poem ‘Vilne’ by Moyshe Kulbak (1926). Each poet, the paper argues, set opposing goals for himself: for Shneour, it was creating an ode to a legendary centre of Jewish learning and spirituality; while Kulbak attempted to capture the pulse of the actual city that he lived in. Accordingly, Shneour essentially reiterated every traditional rhetorical trope of Jewish Vilnius, without creating a new poetic vision of it; whereas Kulbak used the potential of modernised Yiddish and Expressionist poetics to paint a vibrant and exciting portrait of the city. However, after the trauma of the physical loss of Jewish Vilnius during the Second World War, it was Shneour’s stylistic approach and depiction of the city that would prevail.