bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Novel Advanced Numerical Modeling of Nanoparticles for Improved Oil Recovery: Laboratory- To Field-Scale
Authors: Hendraningrat Luky , Majidaie Saeed , Kechut Nor Idah , Tewari Raj Deo , Sedaralit M Faizal , Skoreyko Fraser , MousaviMirkalaei Seyed Mousa , Edmondson Mark , Chandrasekar Vikram
Published: September 2022

The deployment at the field-scale of a novel technique to improve oil recovery using nanoparticles injection is challenging. It requires a comprehensive evaluation of a series of laboratory experiments, to translate and validate the mechanisms into a numerical model to predict accurately and reduce uncertainty parameters. This paper describes the application of novel advanced reservoir modeling for nanoparticles from pore-scale to field-scale, using an offshore Malaysian oilfield as a pilot field case.

A series of laboratory experiments (fluid-fluid and fluid-rock) and numerical studies: nanofluid formulation, pore-scale studies, validation, and upscaling process into the field-scale model were carried out. The development of nanofluids was formulated to meet key criteria such as compatibility and thermal stability at the intended field condition. Prior to coreflooding tests with native core, a series of experiments to observe mechanisms were carried out. The results of the laboratory experiments were then validated in the 1D coreflooding model. The procedure was continued with observed critical parameters being scaled-up into 3D field-scale model before running the prediction scenarios.

The newly developed nanofluids for the intended field performed well in compatibility and thermal stability tests at reservoir temperature. Precipitation and sedimentation were not observed in this solution. The wettability alteration to more water-wet was observed with consistent results through interfacial tension measurements, contact angle measurements, and relative permeability measurements. Coreflooding was performed using native core, and the reduction of residual oil saturation was approximately 25% between pre- and post-nanoflooding. The adsorption of nanofluids was measured to be around 1.12 mg/g of rock. All these results were input into the model and the history match quality index achieved an acceptable match of ~95%. Several critical parameters for the upscaling process were investigated such as reaction rate of particle aggregation, adsorption, and retention factor. During the scale-up process, the velocity of the fluids and pressure drop were conserved because the recovery is sensitive to flooding rate and the viscosity of the fluids are pressure dependent. The field-scale model was run for the intended field location. The potential of using nanoparticles was evaluated and compared to the no further activity scenario giving an additional recovery factor of approximately 1% per year.

The developed method of novel robust advanced reservoir modeling for nanoparticles creates a new reference as the first application in the world of novel advanced numerical modeling at field-scale.
Building a Bulletproof System for Automatic MWD Survey Processing
Authors: Ploskikh Viktor , Bulychenkov Konstantin
Published: September 2022

This paper introduces an approach for automatic measurement while drilling (MWD) survey processing that can work fully autonomously and covers the entire workflow: geomagnetic reference calculation, survey data prefiltration, corrections for drillstring interference (DSI), bottom hole assembly (BHA) sag, Stockhausen effect (Stockhausen and Lesso 2003), system health monitoring, survey quality control (QC), and toolcode proposal.

The main focus of this study is to formulate principles to realize high reliability of the system, and the reliability of all subalgorithms must be close to 100% to reach the system autonomy requirement. This article highlights four major cornerstones for building such a system:

Initialization data validation Static and continuous survey filtration Robustness of the key algorithms QC of output data and system operation.

The cornerstones are implemented as follows:

Formalization of data schemes and algorithms for internal validation and cross-validation Development of highly robust survey filtration algorithms that are resistant to noise: prefiltration multistation analysis (MSA) algorithm, dogleg severity (DLS) capacity filter, and continuous inclination DLS filter Improvement of accuracy and robustness for MSA, BHA sag, and Stockhausen effect corrections: the calculation of the geomagnetic reference along the trajectory, novel MSA with a priori and steering control information utilization, input smoothing for BHA sag correction, and continuous static survey fusion steady against continuous inclination errors New dynamic acceptance criteria for the total G, total B, and dip angle based on an MWD error model; novel steering acceptance criteria for inclination and azimuth; internal control system for MSA correction, BHA sag correction, and high-definition trajectory calculation; general external control for output trajectory vs. plan; and toolcode assignment based on full covariance analysis

Consequently, the automatic system demonstrates complete stability to the noisy data streams of static surveys, continuous inclinations, rotor/slide intervals, capability to work without the no-go zone restriction, correct work within high direction and inclination (D&I) and DSI error ranges, the effective detection of geomagnetic reference issues and system malfunctions, and realistic toolcode assignment. The system significantly reduces human engagement in real-time survey QC and correction. An expert is only involved in case of an issue (D&I module failure, strong external magnetic interference, etc.).
First Evidence for Shale Production Decline Due to Formation Damage Caused by C60+ Paraffin Wax Deposition: A Permian Case Study
Authors: Mahmoudkhani Amir , Rogers Jonathan , Shumway Martin , Au Yong Hin Cheong
Published: September 2022

Analysis of the production decline curve revealed that the three candidate wells in West Texas depleted faster than a type decline curve, potentially indicating an abnormal permeability reduction mechanism. With the scaling tendency determined to be low to mild for carbonate scale in the formation brine, the use of acids for restimulation was ruled out. However, careful hydrocarbon analysis revealed the presence of a significant amount of heavy paraffin molecules with carbon number higher than C60 that comprise linear, branched and cyclic alkanes. Becasue lighter hydrocarbons permeate faster through the porous media than heavier fractions, dynamic and preferential adsorption-desorption of crude oil components on mineral surfaces account for changes occurring in hydrocarbon compositions during the life of a producing shale oil well. Furthermore, precipitation of heavy organics on the formation matrix could have contributed to the observed permeability reduction and production declines by causing flow restriction in pores and channels and changing wettability of rock surface. With the recent development and utilization of glycolipids, a biosurfactant-based squeeze program was tailored and applied on the three horizontal wells. Forecasted post-treatment production for a 16-month period following treatment was estimated to be 36,500 barrels of oil and 1.391 billion cubic feet of gas. After treatment, over the same period, the facility produced approximately 10,800 barrels of oil and 111,000 thousand cubic feet of gas above the forecasted production volumes, which is a 30% increase in oil volumes and 8% increase in gas volumes. Produced fluids have been collected over the period of 18 months after treatment application to monitor movement of heavy hydrocarbons and residual biosurfactants in both oil and water samples. The impact on improved oil recovery has been very significant with return on investment (ROI) occurring in less than three months.
Autonomous ICD Introduction in Singue Field Ecuador: Completion Methodology and Production Evaluation
Authors: Chacon Alejandro , Corona Georgina , Pico Juan , Bastidas Christopher , Diaz Marlon , Gualsaqui Felipe , Saraguro Alex , Velasquez Fernando
Published: September 2022

Inflow Control Device (ICD) technology delays the production of unwanted fluids while addressing some of the challenges associated with long horizontal and deviated wells. Autonomous ICD (AICD) technology functions like ICDs during dry oil production by balancing the flow. AICDs proactively delay the onset of unwanted fluids (water and gas) and additionally, reactively, restrict the flow of water and gas upon breakthrough. This paper presents AICD installations in multiple horizontal wells of the Singue oil field development in Ecuador.

The fluidic diode AICDs are fluid dependent and will react to the viscosity of the downhole fluid creating an additional pressure differential to restrict the production of unwanted fluids. The paper presents the introduction of this technology into the first horizontal wells of the Singue field. The wells are in a sandstone reservoir with an underlying aquifer and demonstrate increasing water cut over time. The completion designs and optimization of these wells were based on the production objectives and calibrated with field production data. Best practices of simulation modelling for both design phase and post-match results are presented.

Production data of WC% reduction and Oil production continuity over time demonstrate the value of the AICD completions. Post-match simulation modelling is used for the analysis of the technology at different conditions over the production life of the wells. Historical production data is used to build numerical models for comparison and evaluation purposes. It is observed from these results and analysis, that installing AICDs on the horizontal wells delays the increase rate of water cut curve which results in higher recovery over time and longer wells longevity.

Operational considerations including ESP pump parameters for completion design and future well management are discussed. Well clean-up and fluid conditioning recommendations are included as part of the best practices and lessons learned.

The AICD technology, design methodology and production performance evaluation for the AICD completions were applied for the first time in this new field development. The analysis covers the complete cycle from reservoir modelling, completion design, post-drilling match, calibration and production performance analysis over time for evaluation of the technology.
Kaolinite Effects on Injectivity Impairment: Field Evidence & Laboratory Results
Authors: Renna Simona , Sabatino Luigina Maria Flora , Viareggio Alberto , Rossi Lucia , Colombo Marco , Parisi Salvatore
Published: September 2022

Clay interaction with fluids is a well-known phenomenon that depends on formation mineralogy. This paper focuses on the impact of kaolinite clay dispersion on well injectivity impairment. It is based on field evidence from 50+ injectors and it is supported by a huge set of laboratory tests.

All analysed wells showed an initial injectivity lower than the theoretical potential, estimated on the base of reservoir quality and draw-down mobilities. This impairment occurs before connecting wells to the injection network, therefore injected water quality and network conditions do not take part in the damaging. Consequently, the impairment mechanism seems to be correlated to the interaction between formation and drilling fluids.

A set of laboratory experiments was planned on cuttings collected in two recently drilled wells. Different intervals were selected in the reservoir sandstones, representative of the facies where injected water is most likely to flow. Samples were first mineralogically characterized by different laboratory techniques (FT-IR, XRD and CEC). Then, swelling and recovery tests were performed using different fluids: mud (field formulation), mud filtrate, and water (varying pH and salinity). Results were correlated with petrophysical analysis, mercury injection tests on cores, and major injectivity impairments observed on the analysed wells.

Analysed samples showed the presence of kaolinite that may affect the formation permeability by filling porosity and pore throats (diagenetic effect). Moreover, in case of interaction with fluids, kaolinite can lead to an additional permeability reduction by disaggregation and dispersion phenomena.

Laboratory tests showed a clear trend: the higher the kaolinite content in the selected intervals, the higher the observed disaggregation, especially when samples interact with mud filtrate and water. It was observed that mud formulation is effective, allowing to preserve disaggregation, but only below a threshold of kaolinite content.

Field experience proved that the only effective remedial actions to restore the well injectivity potential are frac jobs, allowing to bypass the near wellbore damaged zone.
Remote Field Eddy Current System Using Three Axis Fluxgate Magnetometer for Corrosion Inspection
Authors: Khater Moutazbellah , Mostafa Tarek , Ooi Guang , Ozakin Mehmet , Larbi Zeghlache Mohamed , Bagci Hakan , Ahmed Shehab
Published: September 2022

Conventional remote field eddy current tools, which are developed for electromagnetic detection of corrosion on metallic pipes, use transmitter and receiver coils that are spaced apart by at least twice the inspected pipe's diameter. This large space and the low operation frequency required for electromagnetic fields to penetrate multiple casings weaken the voltage induced at the receiver. This challenge limits the quality of corrosion detection and characterization. In this work, a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer is used as a receiver to increase the sensitivity and to enable extraction of directional location of defect from measurements taken off axis. The improved sensitivity and the azimuthal detection capability for localized defects are confirmed by simulations and demonstrated experimentally in a single (4-1/2 in.) pipe and double pipes (4-1/2 in. inside a 7 in.) test setups. The limitations of current electromagnetic technologies in characterizing local defects beyond tubing are highlighted and the benefits of the proposed system are discussed.
Improving Machine Learning Predictions of Rock Electric Properties Using 3D Geometric Features
Authors: Chang Bernard , Santos Javier , Victor Rodolfo , Viswanathan Hari , Prodanovic Maša
Published: September 2022

Imaging technology is constantly improving and enabling accurate, deterministic simulations of transport properties through the pore space of the imaged rock sample. Meanwhile, data-driven machine learning has emerged as an alternate tool for modeling transport properties that, once trained, use a fraction of the computational resources that traditional simulations require. However, machine learning models often fail to strictly enforce the physical constraints of the system, leading to solutions that are less accurate than that of traditional solvers.

Here we propose a novel hybrid workflow that combines machine learning and conventional simulation methods. The workflow begins with a three-dimensional, binary image of a sample. A trained convolutional neural network extracts spatial relationships between the porous medium geometry and the electrostatic potential field and predicts the electrical properties through a new medium. Instead of assuming a linear potential gradient, this prediction is used as the initial condition of a validated finite difference solver. The implementation of this workflow can improve the simulation run time by an order of magnitude for small images.

The success of the proposed workflow heavily depends on the accuracy of model prediction. We previously developed successful methods for prediction of the velocity field (and permeability) of a Newtonian fluid in a porous medium in the laminar regime. Here, we extend the method to predict the electrical potential field. We explore one strategy of improving a model's ability to generalize to unseen samples by supplying geometric characterizations of the pore space. We find that models trained with these features individually do not result in an improvement over the baseline model trained with only the binary image. However, they do provide the model with relational information that can be incorporated into future models.

Analysis of electrical properties is one of the most common methods of delineating hydrocarbon saturation in reservoir rock. The proposed workflow helps accelerate the calculation of the electric potential field and can lead to estimating hydrocarbon saturation in real time. We also expect that this workflow is easily generalized to many other transport problems in porous media.
Experimental and Field Investigations of Bypass Plunger Lift
Authors: Sayman Ozan , Tang Yula , Chow Jason , Farrell Kendall , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem
Published: September 2022

The fall and upstroke characteristics of bypass plunger are investigated for conventional and continuous flow plunger lift operations using experimental and field data. The bypass plunger's operational boundaries are compared with those of two-piece plungers. Clutch failure is also evaluated.

Bypass and two-piece plungers were tested in static and dynamic conditions to compare their fall drag characteristics with two different tubing and plunger sizes. Casing pressure buildup was used to surface the bypass plunger to represent the conventional plunger lift type of operation for the upstroke tests. Continuous gas and liquid injection were used to achieve multiphase flow conditions for bypass plunger experiments. Experimental findings retrieved from the study were combined with mechanistic models to predict fall and upstroke stages of the bypass plunger in the field conditions. Multiphase flow simulator results were presented, and its effect on plunger lift mechanistic models were discussed.

In the static facility, bypass plungers were found to have a higher drag coefficient, falling slower than sleeves of the same height. The drag coefficient values for 1.9-in OD and 2.34-in OD bypass and sleeves were similar, suggesting that plungers tested for a given tubing size can be extrapolated to others. The bypass plunger was suitable for conventional and continuous flow plunger lift operations. The 19.5-in bypass plunger and 9-in sleeve fall and upstroke velocities were analogous. Visual observations showed that the bypass plunger clutch mechanism may not get fully opened if the plunger does not hit the lubricator fast enough. The well test, high-frequency pressure, and plunger lift data of five wells from the Permian basin were analyzed. The continuous flow plunger-lift mechanistic models are used to estimate the bypass plunger cycle. The total cycle time and plunger run per day estimations matched with average run-time and trip-count field data.

The study presents the bypass plunger lift's cycle mechanics, operational limitations, and comparison with two-piece plungers in different tubing sizes. The experimental and field data of bypass plungers, mechanistic model benchmarking, and potential bypass plunger lift applications are featured.
Capillary Rise in Micro-Channels Accounting for Boundary Layer Effect and Wall Roughness for Shale Oil
Authors: Shen Anqi , Farouq Ali S. M. , Soliman M. Y. , Liu Yikun
Published: September 2022

A new capillary imbibition model is presented for shale that uses the momentum theorem of meniscus, for calculating the imbibition rate and height. Results are compared with those from previously published capillary rise models and also obtained in this research.

The new capillary rise model considers two main micro-level effects, viz. wall roughness and boundary layer. The imbibed fluid is divided into two parts in the calculation. One is the fluid close to the wall, affected by the wall roughness. The resistance of wall roughness is treated analogously to flow in porous media. The other part is the bulk fluid with a boundary layer. Also considered is the effect of pressure on the boundary layer during the imbibition process. The effects of wall roughness and boundary layer are discussed and compared.

An analytical expression for the evolution of the height of capillary rise in a single capillary and in a bundle capillaries is obtained as functions of time, considering both wall roughness and the boundary layer. It was found that the boundary layer enhances the nonlinear characteristic of imbibition, while it has a smaller influence on imbibition height, due to the relatively slow rate of imbibition at nano-scale. In nano-tubes, the wall roughness effect can be equivalent to that of a solid wall, which reduces the effective radius. Although the driving force of capillary rise is enhanced at nano-scale because of the small radius of capillary, the imbibition height does not increase compared to capillaries of larger radii at the same time, since these two microscale effects lower the capillary rise. However, for large times, the equilibrium height of capillary rise at nano-scale is higher than that in the larger radius capillary.

The novelty of the new model is used to understand capillary imbibition in porous media with nano-channels, which constitute the main mechanism for shale oil recovery after fracturing. It is believed that the proposed model will lead to improved shale oil production calculations.
Design and Implementation of Field Tests in Unconventional Reservoirs: Practical Perspectives
Authors: McClure Mark , Albrecht Maggie , Cipolla Craig , Molina Claudia
Published: September 2022

Optimizing the development of unconventional resources is a complex process, with significant uncertainty in reservoir characterization, completion effectiveness, and drainage efficiency. The primary parameters in the optimization are: stage length, cluster spacing, fluid type and volume, proppant type and loading, well spacing, landing zone(s), and lateral length. To improve over time, operators: evaluate alternatives, trial new designs, evaluate results, and iterate. This paper provides perspectives from industry practitioners on this process. It discusses: (a) defining objectives, (b) integrating information, (c) evaluating alternatives, (d) designing field trials, (e) evaluating outcomes, and (f) maximizing the value of field trials with diagnostic data collection.
Evaluation of Retrograde Condensate Dropout Phenomena in a Gas Condensate Reservoir
Authors: Hj Azlan Ali Al-Amani
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the result of an investigation of condensate drop-out phenomena through reservoir fluid characterization and well testing analysis to answer the condensate banking issue in an offshore gas field. Further evaluation via the Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) method has been conducted for condensate recovery optimization strategy.

The fluid characterization through EOS modelling is performed to match the laboratory results. Having achieved a reasonable match of the EOS model, the Condensate Gas Ratio (CGR) variation over pressure depletion is established and compared with the actual CGR profile to understand the severity of the condensate drop-out in the reservoir.

The investigation is continued in identifying the condensate banking behaviour. Multiple well testing data have been interpreted focusing on pressure derivative log-log plot matching, productivity index and skin factor changes. Interestingly, it is observed that the condensate banking issue is highly dependent on how the well completion and trajectory have been designed. A low deviated well has a higher tendency to experience severe condensate banking issues while the impact is reduced for a horizontal well.

Subsequently, a compositional model is built by converting from an existing black oil model. It is used in the investigation of the EGR strategy by injecting different types of gas at different timings and rates. Based on the simulation results, better condensate recovery factor is expected with the incremental between 4 to 8%.

The study can shed some light on the actual field experience and interesting lessons learned to be considered for a gas condensate reservoir development.
Defining Jacobian elliptic functions via nonpolynomial differential equations
Authors: Akande J. , Adjaï K. K. D. , Nonti M. , Monsia M. D.
Published: September 2022

Although Jacobi elliptic functions have been known for almost two centuries, they are still the subject of intensive investigation. In this paper, contrary to the usual definition, we prove that the Jacobi elliptic functions can be defined by using nonconservative equations with limit cycles through existence theorems involving first integrals. This allows extending their validity domains, that is, their range of applications.
What Are the Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Global Aquaculture Industry? The First Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Salajegheh Sina , Ardestani Mohammadreza Manouchehri , Fawzy Mohamed , Ghorbanzadeh Arman , Noor Mohd Iqbal Mohd , Saline Krishna R , Duarte Phelipe Magalhães
Published: September 2022

Global food demand is rising, and the recent threat of the COVID-19 pandemic has been predicted to adversely impact the prospects of aquaculture as one of the world's fastest-growing food sectors. There are presently no studies that comprehensively analyze the current research on the influence of COVID-19 on the global aquaculture business. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current literature on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the aquaculture industry. The present study integrated multiple research designs, and the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) which was designed specifically for systematic literature review (SLR) and maps for the ecology and environment field. A total of 112 articles were located with the provided keywords using the ROSES methods. Only a total of 12 articles were considered for this SLR after title and abstract screening. Study’s quality was characterized as policy responses (n = 6), factors of production (n = 8), aquaculture animals’ welfare (n = 8), logistics (n = 9), demand and supply (n = 9), and prices (n = 9). This study has few limitations, including: (i) COVID-19 seems to be an ongoing global pandemic; thus, only a few years articles were available, (ii) only two most important databases were used, Scopus and Web of Sciences, without using grey literature, and (iii) this study only used articles that were published in the English. In conclusion, additional research is required to focus on the macro data (poverty and unemployment) and COVID-19 impacts on the environmental ecosystem without relying on survey perception. This research should also contain statistics of environmental impacts and hard data facts. Future policy proposals should be focused on the available technologies and should be based on the mitigation strategies for labour and lockdown issues of COVID-19. A systematic literature review thereby has a significant added value because this method is applicable to evaluate the available knowledge, current trends, and gaps regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the global aquaculture industry.
LncRNA GLTC targets LDHA for succinylation and enzyme activity to promote differentiated thyroid cancer progression and radioiodine resistance
Authors: Shi Liang , Duan Rui , Sun Zhenhua , Jia Qiong , Wu Wenyu , Wang Feng , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Hao , Xue Xue
Published: September 2022

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation has been associated with the development and progression of many human cancers. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) enzyme activity is also crucial for cancer development, including that of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether specific lncRNAs can regulate LDHA activity in cancer progression. Through screening, we identified an LDHA-interacting lncRNA, GLTC, which is required for increased aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation in DTC. GLTC was significantly upregulated in DTC tissues compared with nontumorous thyroid tissues. High expression of GLTC was correlated with progressive histologic type, extent of distant metastases, larger tumor size, and poorer prognosis. Mass spectrometry revealed that GLTC, as a binding partner of LDHA, promotes the succinylation of LDHA on lysine-155 (K155) via its competitive inhibition of the interaction between SIRT5 and LDHA, thereby promoting LDHA enzymatic activity. Overexpression of the succinylation-mimic LDHAK155E mutant restored glycolytic metabolism and proliferation in cells that had ceased metabolic reprogramming and proliferation due to GLTC depletion. Interestingly, GLTC inhibition abrogated the effects of succinylated LDHA K155 on radioiodine (RAI) resistance in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that GLTC plays an oncogenic role and is an attractive RAI sensitization target for the treatment of DTC.
Immunophenotypic and Molecular Cytogenetic Associations of CD19 Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemias, including in the t(8;21) negative setting
Authors: Bhavsar Shweta , Jain Sarika , Yatsenko Svetlana , Surti Urvashi , Swerdlow Steven , Aggarwal Nidhi
Published: September 2022

Aberrant CD19 expression is common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1). This study aims to investigate the incidence, clinical, immunophenotypic, molecular and cytogenetic associations of CD19 expression, especially in t(8;21) negative AMLs. We evaluated CD19 by flow cytometry (FC) in blasts of 739 consecutive non-promyelocytic AMLs. 52/739 AMLs (7%) expressed CD19 on at least a subset of blasts {range 1–90%, distinct subset (16/52), variable expression (36/52)}. 100/739 CD19 negative (-) cases with available NGS studies were selected as controls. The most common 2016 WHO AML subtypes in the CD19 + group were AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1);RUNX1::RUNX1T1, mutated NPM1, mutated RUNX1 and biallelic mutation of CEBPA. RUNX1 aberrations including t(8;21) (n = 19), RUNX1 mutations (n = 7), variant RUNX1 translocations (n = 3), RUNX1 deletion (n = 1) and RUNX1 amplification (n = 1), were the most common genetic abnormality in the CD19 + AML (31/52) and were statistically more common than in CD19- AML (11/100) (p = < 0.0001). CD19 was positive in all RUNX1 rearranged cases (n = 22) and 41% (7/17) of the AMLs with RUNX1 mutations. FLT3 mutations were also significantly more common in CD19 + AMLs (20/50, p = 0.001). 42% (14/33) of the CD19 + AMLs showed expression of at least one other B-cell marker by FC (CD22 and/or CD79a). TdT positivity was seen in 25/51 CD19 + AML, including all RUNX1 mutated cases. CD56 was expressed in 14/19 AMLs with t(8;21), but not in any AML with RUNX1 mutations (CD19 + and CD19- groups). 9/9 CD19 + NPM1 mutated AMLs were positive for CD7 compared to only 1/19 AMLs with t(8;21). In conclusion, we found that CD19 is expressed in at least a subset of blasts in ~ 7% of non-promyelocytic AMLs that are enriched in those with RUNX1 aberrations and FLT3 mutations. These cases also highlight that AMLs expressing CD19 can also express other B-cell antigens and must not be misdiagnosed as mixed phenotype acute leukemia.
Integrated metabolome and transcriptome reveals the mechanism of the flower coloration in cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.)
Authors: Zhang Zhongrun , Huang Weijian , Xiao Liyan , Huang Haijie
Published: September 2022

Background
Cashew is a widely attractive food in the world with high nutritional value for human health. The quality of cashew is closely associated with the flower coloration. However, the underlying mechanism of flower coloration of cashew was poorly understood. Here, we identified two cashew cultivars with variable flower coloration. Then, integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome was performed to explore the potential mechanisms.
Results
The results showed that 8 flavonoid compounds were markedly accumulated in red flower cashew, including taxifolin, procyanidin B2, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, L-epicatechin, chalconaringenin, luteolin, naringenin and chrysin. In particular, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and procyanidin B2 were key metabolites that promoted the formation of red flower coloration. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were also varied among these two cultivars. The flavonoid biosynthesis direction was reprogrammed to synthesize delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and procyanidin B2. Typically, four core genes encoding anthocyanin synthesis were also highly expressed in cashew with red flower, including CFI (TRINITY_DN4346_c0_g1), CHS2 (TRINITY_DN16129_c0_g1), CHS1 (TRINITY_DN2623_c0_g1) and F3H (TRINITY_DN8780_c0_g1).
Conclusions
This study sheds light on flavonoid metabolic pathways and candidate genes varied in two cashew cultivars and lays a foundation for the breeding programs of cashew.
Co-clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 in trans suppresses cancer cell invasion
Authors: Liang Lung-Yu , Geoghegan Niall , Mlodzianoski Michael , Leis Andrew , Whitehead Lachlan , Surudoi Minglyanna , Young Samuel , Janes Peter , Ghosal Debnath , Rogers Kelly , Murphy James , Lucet Isabelle
Published: September 2022

EphB6 is an understudied ephrin receptor tyrosine pseudokinase, the expression of which is downregulated in multiple types of metastatic cancers. Compared to its kinase-active counterparts, how EphB6 regulates signal transduction in the absence of intrinsic kinase activity remains unknown. Here, we unveil the molecular details of key signal transduction mechanisms driven by EphB6. We identify ephrinB1 as a cognate ligand of EphB6 and demonstrate EphB6’s ability to form extensive co-clusters at the plasma membrane upon binding ephrinB1 in trans across cell-cell contacts, which are resistant to endocytosis. Using super resolution microscopy, correlative light and electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography, we reveal that co clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 promotes the formation of unprecedented double membrane tubular structure interconnecting cells. Importantly, phenotypically, co-clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 and the resulting tubular structures suppress cancer cell invasion by prolonging cell-cell contacts, rationalising a role for EphB6 pseudokinase as a tumor suppressor when interacting with its ligands in trans.
Prevalence and association of frailty with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults in Southern Switzerland—Findings from the Corona Immunitas Ticino Study
Authors: Jiang Miao , Corna Laurie , Amati Rebecca , Piumatti Giovanni , Franscella Giovanni , Crivelli Luca , Albanese Emiliano
Published: September 2022

Background
Frailty is an age-associated state of increased vulnerability to stressors that strongly predicts poor health outcomes. Epidemiological evidence on frailty is limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether frailty is associated with the risk of infection is unknown.
Objectives
We derived a robust Frailty Index (FI) to measure the prevalence of frailty and its risk factors in community-dwelling older adults in Southern Switzerland (Ticino), and we explored the association between frailty and serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Methods
In September 2020, we recruited a random sample of community-dwelling older adults (65+) in the Corona Immunitas Ticino prospective cohort study (CIT) and assessed a variety of lifestyle and health characteristics. We selected 30 health-related variables, computed the Rockwood FI, and applied standard thresholds for robust (FI < 0.1), pre-frail (0.1 ≤ FI < 0.21), and frail (FI ≥ 0.21).
Results
Complete data for the FI was available for 660 older adults. The FI score ranged between zero (no frailty) and 0.59. The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty were 10.3% and 48.2% respectively. The log-transformed FI score increased by age similarly in males and females, on average by 2.8% (p < 0.001) per one-year increase in age. Out of 481 participants with a valid serological test, 11.2% were seropositive to either anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG. The frailty status and seropositivity were not statistically associated (p = 0.236).
Conclusion
Advanced age increases the risk of frailty. The risk of COVID-19 infection in older adults may not differ by frailty status.
Are all ventilators for NIV performing the same? A bench analysis.
Authors: Castro Sara Martínez , Nacher Francisco Javier Belda , Bernabeu Jaume Puig , Domingo Marina Soro , Navarro Carlos Delgado , Pons Héctor Ortega
Published: September 2022

Background
Global pandemic due to COVID-19 has increased the interest for ventilators´ use worldwide. New devices have been developed and older ones have undergone a renewed interest, but we lack robust evidence about performance of each ventilator to match appropriate device to a given patient and care environment.
Methods
The aim of this bench study was to investigate the performance of six devices for noninvasive ventilation, and to compare them in terms of volume delivered, trigger response, pressurization capacity and synchronization in volume assisted controlled and pressure support ventilation. All ventilators were tested under thirty-six experimental conditions by using the lung model ASL5000® (IngMar Medical, Pittsburgh, PA). Two leaks levels, two muscle inspiratory efforts and three mechanical patterns were combined for simulation. Trigger function was assessed by measurement of trigger-delay time. Pressurization capacity was evaluated as area under the pressure-time curve over the first 500 ms after inspiratory effort onset. Synchronization was evaluated by the asynchrony index and by incidence and type of asynchronies in each condition.
Results
All ventilators showed a good performance, even if pressurization capacity was worse than expected. Leak level did not affect their function. Differences were found during low muscle effort and obstructive pattern. In general, Philips Trilogy Evo/EV300 and Hamilton C3 showed the best results.
Conclusions
NIV devices successfully compensate air leaks but still underperform with low muscle effort and obstructive lungs. Clinicians´ must have a clear understanding of the goals of NIV both for devices´ choice and set main parameters to achieve therapy success.
Influence of micropillar array structures on evaporation and wetting transition of fakir drops: Recipe for superhydrophobicity
Authors: Shamim Jubair A. , Takahashi Yukinari , Goswami Anjan , Shaukat Nadeem , Hsu Wei-Lun , Choi Junho , Daiguji Hirofumi
Published: September 2022

This study experimentally investigated the evaporation and wetting transition behavior of fakir drops on five different microstructured surfaces. Diamond-like carbon was introduced as the substrate, and the influence of varying the width, height, and pitch of the micropillars was assessed. The results showed that different evaporation modes emerged during the transition, which were influenced by the interfacial properties of the surfaces. In addition, the resistance of superhydrophobic surfaces to the Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel transition was strongly dependent on the depinning ability of the three-phase contact line of the liquid drop. The accuracy of the theoretical models for predicting the critical transition parameters was discussed, and a numerical model was developed in the surface evolver to compute the penetration of the drop bottom meniscus within the micropillars. Finally, a robust superhydrophobic surface capable of suppressing the Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel transition without a hierarchical nanostructure for microdroplets less than 0.37 mm in diameter was demonstrated as the key outcome of this study.
TO UNDERSTAND AND COMPARETHE IDENTITY FORMATION PROCESS IN ADOLESCENTSON THE BASIS OF GENDER AND AGE THROUGH JAMES MARCIAS MODEL OF IDENTITY STATUSES
Authors:   MA Psychology Department of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University., Sachdeva Himanshi , Sachdeva Nipun ,   Data Analyst, Marks & Spencer plc, UK.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study was to investigate Marcias ego identity paradigm in the Indian adolescent population.The study examined the role of age and gender and on the process of Identity formation. A representative sample of 161 adolescents(girls and boys) was collected across three different age groups 13-15, 15-17 and 17-19 years. The Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ) was used to measure participants level of Exploration and Commitment and accordingly classify them into one of Marcias four Ego Identity Statuses: Achievement, Moratorium, Foreclosure, and Diffusion identity.The results indicated that most of the adolescents in todays times are realistic and more informed about their lives and decisions. Thus, mean scores for both girls (70.24) and boys (70.24) were high in Identity Achievement. Also, both genders were found to be equally active in exploration and commitment domains.The T- scores indicated the comparison between girls and boys in different Identity statuses. The values were found to be non- significant indicating an equal growth in both the genders.
ROLE OF CBCT IN IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN MANDIBULAR PREMOLAR REGION
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, NRS Medical College and Hospital., Giri Debanti , Khanna Palak ,   PGT, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital., Kumar Giri Tapan ,   Principal and Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital.
Published: September 2022

Implant placement has now become the lifeline of dentistry, but the most of the aspect of its treatment begins with the diagnosis of patients condition.Rehabilitating patients with dental implants require thorough evaluation of the implant site.All the vital structures need to be evaluated and a safe distance should be maintained while planning for implant like the nasal floor, maxillary sinus in maxillary region and mental foramen, inferior alveolar nerve and sublingual concavities in the mandible. The mandibular anterior inter-foraminal region was previously considered to be a safe region for surgical procedures of the mandible but now it has been realized that presence of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve make it an area that should be thoroughly evaluated. The selection of a suitable imaging modality along with the judgment of the expert clinician about the clinical situation aids in the treatment planning. Previously clinicians were relying on 2-dimensional imaging techniques, which have now been replaced by CBCT, the most widely used tool for treatment planning of implant placement.
PROFILE PSYCHOPATHOLOGIQUE DES PATIENTS AVEC AUTOMUTILATION : SERIE DE 31 CAS
Authors:   Service de PsychiatrieA, HopitalUniversitairePsychiatriqueArrazi de Sale., Chaara Aya , Laboudi Fouad ,   Service de PsychiatrieA, HopitalUniversitairePsychiatriqueArrazi de Sale., Ouanass Abderazzak ,   Facultede Medecineet de Pharmacie- Universite Mohammed V de Rabat.
Published: September 2022

Lautomutilationest un comportementassezfrequent chez la population psychiatrique. Cest un symptome qui a differentesfonctionsselon les comorbidites. Lobjectif de ce travail est de determiner le profilsociodemographique et clinique des patients avec automutilationainsi que les differents aspects de la priseen charge afin de dresser un profil de patient chez qui les automutilations constituent un risque de passage a lactesuicidaire. Nous avonsmeneune etude observationnelle descriptive chez des patients hospitalisesouvusen consultation de lhopitalpsychiatriqueuniversitaireArrazi de Saleayant deja fait uneautomutilation au cours de leur vie. Cette etude a recense 31 patients. Le groupe se compose majoritairementdhommes et lÃ¢gemoyenest de 27 ans. 22,6% des patients ontsubi un viol durantlenfance, 48,4% ontvecusoit la separation des parents ou le deces de lundeux. 67,7% ont deja etehospitaliseen milieu psychiatrique, 93,5% ont deja fait au moinsuneautomutilation dans le passe et 64,5% ont un antecedent de tentative de suicide. Lusageproblematique de substances psychoactivesestfrequemmentassocie aux automutilations a raison de 77,4%. Enfin, les diagnostics le plus souventassocies a lautomutilationsont la schizophrenie (48,4%), les troubles de la personnalite (19,4%) et lepisodedepressifcaracterise (16,1%). LÃ¢gemoyen de debut des automutilationsest de 19 ans. Lautomutilationsurvientessentiellement dans le milieu familial. 58,1% des patients ontutiliseunearme blanche pour sautomutiler. 54,8 % de nos patients rapportent un apaisement apres lautomutilation, 35,5% regrettentleurgeste, 6,5% sontdegoutesalors que 3,2% sontindifferents. Le but de lautomutilation chez nos patients estavant tout dapaiser les tensions (45,2%), ensuite vient la raison de lautopunition (16,1%) et de lappel a laide (12,9%). Un antecedentdautomutilationestcorrele de faÃ§on significative a un antecedent de tentative de suicide. En conclusion,lautomutilationestrepandue et constitue un facteur de risque de suicide. Ainsi, une attention particuliere doit Ãªtreaccordee a cette population pour un reperagerapide des sujets a risqueafin de prevenir tout passage a lactesuicidaire.
NON FUNGIBLE TOKEN AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE DOMAIN OF FASHION, DESIGN AND ART
Authors: Banda Aaira
Published: September 2022

This research article examines Non Fungible Tokens and its application in the domain of art, fashion and design. It also covers the background and origin of NFTs, how they came into existence and their relevance in todays time along with a critical analysis on whether non fungible tokens are the future of art or not. It portrays the advantages, disadvantages of NFTs. Methodology: The methodology used for this article is secondary data collection based on literature survey and review and the research conducted is analytical. Objective: The objective behind this research article is how it works and what it means for the creative industry. I am also keen to know how it is a new way of digitising art and design.
REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS TO DETERMINE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NANOFLUIDS
Authors:   Corrosion & Reliability Engineering Specialist, MS (Mechanical Engineering) from Michigan Technological University, United States of America, R. Narang Dheeraj
Published: September 2022

Study and research around heat conduction mechanisms of nanofluids and suspensions are active for a decade. Several models of effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids have been published. This review summarizes recent research for thermal conductivity of a solid/liquid suspension and unfolds the effects of interfacial layers, shells, and aggregate structure on this property. Basically, experimental, and numerical, both, ways to determine thermal conductivity are summarized here in respective sections along with an introductory section named preparation of nanofluids. Key parameters affecting the preparation and stability of nanofluids are reviewed here and further scope of research is assessed. Numerical or theoretical thermal conductivity models are validated against experimental ones by some of the authors, which are reviewed and summarized here. The effect of different parameters pertaining to both nanoparticles and base fluids are reviewed and summarized here for different combination of metal/oxides as particles and water/oils as base fluids. Other properties such as viscosity, convective heat transfer, boiling heat transfer of nanofluids and suspensions are equally important and will be reviewed in subsequent reports.