bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar-to-hydrogen peroxide energy conversion on resorcinol–formaldehyde resin photocatalysts prepared by acid-catalysed polycondensation
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Hagi Takumi , Matsumoto Masako , Tanaka Shunsuke , Ichikawa Satoshi , Hirai Takayuki
Published: November 2020

The photocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide from water and dioxygen (H2O + 1/2O2 → H2O2, ΔG° = +117 kJ mol–1) under sunlight is a promising strategy for the artificial photosynthesis of a liquid fuel. We had previously found that resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) resin powders prepared by the base-catalysed high-temperature hydrothermal method act as semiconductor photocatalysts for H2O2 generation. Herein, we report that RF resins prepared by the acid-catalysed high-temperature hydrothermal method (~523 K) using common acids at pH < 4 exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity. The base- and acid-catalysed methods both produce methylene- and methine-bridged resins consisting of π-conjugated and π-stacked benzenoid–quinoid donor–acceptor resorcinol units. The acidic conditions result in the resins with a lower bandgap (1.7 eV) and higher conductivity because the lower-degree of crosslinking creates a strongly π-stacked architecture. The irradiation of the RF-acid resins with simulated sunlight in water with atmospheric-pressure O2 generates H2O2 at a solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.7%, which is the highest efficiency ever reported for powder catalysts used in artificial photosynthesis.
Non-Hermitian effects of the intrinsic signs in topologically ordered wavefunctions
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xu Wen-Tao , Wang Zi-Qi , Zhang Guang-Ming
Published: November 2020

Negative signs in many-body wavefunctions play an important role in quantum mechanics because interference relies on cancellation between amplitudes of opposite signs. The ground-state wavefunction of double semion model contains negative signs that cannot be removed by any local transformation. Here we study the quantum effects of these intrinsic negative signs. By proposing a generic double semion wavefunction in tensor network representation, we show that its norm can be mapped to the partition function of a triangular lattice Ashkin-Teller model with imaginary interactions. We use numerical tensor-network methods to solve this non-Hermitian model with parity-time symmetry and determine a global phase diagram. In particular, we find a dense loop phase described by non-unitary conformal field theory and a parity-time-symmetry breaking phase characterized by the zeros of the partition function. Therefore, our work establishes a connection between the intrinsic signs in the topological wavefunction and non-unitary phases in the parity-time-symmetric non-Hermitian statistical model.
A turn-on near-infrared fluorescent probe for visualization of endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Pang Xiao , Li Yaqian , Lu Qiujun , Ni Ziqi , Zhou Zile , Xie Ruihua , Wu Cuiyan , Li Haitao , Zhang Youyu
Published: November 2020

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an essential hydrolase and widely distributed in living organisms.
Sensitive SERS assay for glyphosate based on the prevention of l-cysteine inhibition of a Au–Pt nanozyme
Authors: Ma Jun , Feng Gege , Ying Ying , Shao Yong , She Yongxin , Zheng Lufei , Abd EI-Aty A. M. , Wang Jing
Published: November 2020

Herein, an indirect SERS sensing assay was developed for determination of glyphosate (Gly) in tap water.
Dual-site catalysis for sustainable polymers to replace current commodity polymers – carbonylative copolymerization of ethylene, ethylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Dai Yiwei , Luo Jiancheng , Liu Tianbo , Jia Li
Published: November 2020

Thermoplastic elastomers and plastics have been produced via nickel-catalyzed COP of cyclic ethers, ethylene, and CO using a one-pot procedure.
Phenanthrenes/dihydrophenanthrenes: the selectivity controlled by different benzynes and allenes
Authors: Yao Liangliang , Fang Bo , Hu Qiong , Lei Yu , Bao Li , Hu Yimin
Published: November 2020

A method for the intermolecular annulation of benzynes with allenes is disclosed.
Facile synthesis of brookite TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mamakhel Aref , Yu Jinlong , Søndergaard-Pedersen Frederik , Hald Peter , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: November 2020

A simple method has been developed for synthesis of phase-pure and highly crystalline brookite TiO2 nanoparticles from a broad range of titanium precursors.
Growth of LaCoO3 crystals in molten salt: effects of synthesis conditions
Authors: Song Sanzhao , Sun Jian , Zhou Jing , Guan Chengzhi , Hu Zhiwei , Chan Ting-Shan , Du Xian-Long , Lin Xiao , Hu Jun , Zhang Linjuan , Wang Jian-Qiang
Published: November 2020

Herein, several typical reaction media for the synthesis of LaCoO3 (LCO) crystals were examined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).
The decisive role of 4f-covalency in the structural direction and oxidation state of XPrO compounds (X: group 13 to 17 elements)
Authors: Zhang Wen-Jing , Wang Guan-Jun , Zhang Ping , Zou Wenli , Hu Shu-Xian
Published: November 2020

Through a theoretical study, the molecular structures of XPrO are found to be correlated with the Pr oxidation state; compounds with higher oxidation state have more important 4f involvement in the chemical bonding and thus the structure becomes more linear.
Coupled transport of electrons and protons in a bacterial cytochromecoxidase—DFT calculated properties compared to structures and spectroscopies
Authors: Noodleman Louis , Han Du Wen-Ge , McRee Duncan , Chen Ying , Goh Teffanie , Götz Andreas W.
Published: November 2020

DFT calculated structures, vibrational frequencies, and energies provide insights into the reaction/proton pumping cycle of cytochromecoxidase.
On the reliability of acquiring molecular junction parameters by Lorentzian fitting of I/V curves
Authors: Delmas Vincent , Diez-Cabanes Valentin , van Dyck Colin , Scheer Elke , Costuas Karine , Cornil Jérôme
Published: November 2020

A new fitting algorithm based on the low-bias conductance and Seebeck coefficient provides reliable values of key electronic parameters in molecular junctions.
The dynamic behavior and intrinsic mechanism of CO2 absorption by amino acid ionic liquids
Authors: Tong Jiahuan , Zhao Yuanyue , Huo Feng , Guo Yandong , Liang Xiaodong , von Solms Nicolas , He Hongyan
Published: November 2020

The amino acid ionic liquids have great potential for CO2 absorption in manned confined spaces, such as spacecraft, submarines and other manned equipment.
Harnessing molecular rotations in plastic crystals: a holistic view for crystal engineering of adaptive soft materials
Authors: Das Susobhan , Mondal Amit , Reddy C. Malla
Published: November 2020

This review highlights the exceptional properties of plastic crystals, their expanding scope in materials sciences and plenty of opportunities for designing new mechanically soft functional crystals.
Tuning selectivity in nickel oxide-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane through control over non-stoichiometric oxygen density
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Susman Mariano D. , Rimer Jeffrey D. , Bollini Praveen
Published: November 2020

Thermally stable nickel oxide cubes are used to vary, exclusively, bulk non-stoichimetric oxygen density, and to rationalize ethene selectivities in the oxidative dehydorgenation of ethane under a wide range of conditions.
Cobalt–manganese-zinc ternary phosphate for high performance supercapattery devices
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Khan Junaid , Awan Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed , Alzaid Meshal , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Aftab Sikandar
Published: November 2020

Sonochemically synthesized Zn0.50Co00.50Mn(PO4)2 was utilized as positive electrode material for high performance supercapattery applications.
Neighbouring effects on catalytic epoxidation by Fe-cyclam in M2-PDIxCy complexes
Authors: Hofmann Andreas J. , Niederegger Lukas , Hess Corinna R.
Published: November 2020

The M-PDI unit within bimetallic PDIxCy complexes has a marked influence on enone epoxidation at the adjoining Fe-cyclam site.
A paired electrolysis approach for recycling spent lithium iron phosphate batteries in an undivided molten salt cell
Authors: Zhang Beilei , Qu Xin , Qu Jiakang , Chen Xiang , Xie Hongwei , Xing Pengfei , Wang Dihua , Yin Huayi
Published: November 2020

A molten salt paired electrolysis, installed with dual LiFePO4 electrodes, employs electrons as both reducing and oxidizing agents and the molten salt as the solvent to efficiently reclaim end-of-life LiFePO4 batteries.
Iron-based energy storage materials from carbon dioxide and scrap metal
Authors: Yeoh Joyce S. , Di Bernardo Iolanda , White Nicholas G. , Otieno-Alego Vincent , Tsuzuki Takuya , Lowe Adrian
Published: November 2020

Ferrous oxalate from carbon dioxide and scrap mild steel stores more energy and carbon than irons oxides prepared from oxalates.
Structural characterization and pharmacological assessment in vitro/in vivo of a new copper(ii)-based derivative of enrofloxacin
Authors: Guo Rui-Feng , Yan Hou-Tian , Liu Rui-Xue , Li Hong-Chang , Liu Yan-Cheng , Chen Zhen-Feng , Liang Hong
Published: November 2020

Enrofloxacin (EFX) was selected as the medicinal ligand to afford a new copper(ii)-based complex, EFX-Cu, which was structurally characterized by spectroscopic analyses including X-ray single crystal diffraction. It was also stable and could retain the coordination state in aqueous solution. The in vitro antibacterial activity of EFX-Cu against a panel of pathogenic bacteria was about the same as that of EFX, except that it was twice as active against E. coli. The in vivo test on mice gave a LD50 value of 8148 mg kg−1 for EFX-Cu, which was much lower than those for EFX (LD50, 5312 mg kg−1) and its clinically used sodium salt, EFX-Na (LD50, 1421 mg kg−1). In addition, no obvious lesions in the organs of the dead mice were found by histopathological examination. Pharmacokinetic studies on rats suggested similar pharmacokinetics between EFX-Cu and EFX. On the other hand, EFX-Cu showed higher acute toxicity than EFX-Na in zebrafish, which was inconsistent with that in mice. The ROS-related inflammation and anti-inflammatory assay of EFX-Cu, respectively, in normal cells and zebrafish could be ascribed to its ROS-related redox property. Unfortunately, the final in vivo therapeutic assay in the E. coli-infected mouse model indicated that the therapeutic effect of EFX-Cu, mainly in terms of mortality in mice, was found to be lower than that of EFX-Na at the same dosage (800 mg kg−1, continuous gavage), although the contradictory factors between toxicity and antibacterial activity could not be excluded in this trial.
Adaptive molecular quaternary clips made with pyrene functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Yang Tsung-Kai , Ou Jou-Tsen , Lin Heng-Yi , Peng Wei-Cheng , Jao Meng-Hsuan , Chen Jia , Sun Bin , Zhu Yu , Wang Chien-Lung
Published: November 2020

A novel adaptive Q-clip was developed to overcome the difficulties in bulk self-assembly of unimolecular multi-clips. By pinching exclusively 4 eq. of allosteric activators, the Q-clip carries out rapid host–guest assembly in bulk.
Noble metal nanowire arrays as an ethanol oxidation electrocatalyst
Authors: Lam Zhenhui , Liu Cuicui , Su Dongmeng , Tao Hua Bing , Wang Hsin-Yi , Chen Jiazang , Xu Weichang , Zhang Liping , Zhu Yihan , Liu Lingmei , Han Yu , Chen Hongyu , Liu Bin
Published: November 2020

Vertically aligned noble metal nanowire arrays exhibited much enhanced electrocatalytic activity owing to their morphological effects, achieving a 38.0 fold increase over that of commercial catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation.
Rigid axially symmetrical C60-BODIPY triplet photosensitizers: effect of bridge length on singlet oxygen generation
Authors: Zhu San-E , Zhang Jianhui , Dou Lifeng , Li Na , Hu Kunhong , Gao Tianyu , Lu Hongdian , Si Jingyu , Wang Xuefei , Yang Wei
Published: November 2020

Two rigid axially symmetrical C60-BODIPY systems with different bridge lengths have been synthesized and the dyad with short bridge generates a higher quantum yield of singlet oxygen.
An all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform based on upconversion dendritic mesoporous silica nanocomposites for synergistic chemodynamic/photodynamic/gas therapy
Authors: Liu Shikai , Li Wenting , Dong Shuming , Zhang Fangmei , Dong Yushan , Tian Boshi , He Fei , Gai Shili , Yang Piaoping
Published: November 2020

A NO-release platform based on upconversion dendritic mesoporous silica nanocomposites was invented for combined imaging-guided synergistic chemodynamic/photodynamic/gas therapy.
Operando spectroscopy of nanoscopic metal/covalent organic framework electrocatalysts
Authors: Kornienko Nikolay
Published: November 2020

Metal and covalent organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs) are increasingly finding exceptional utility in electrocatalytic systems.
Dual-color emitting Mn2+ ion doped (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite towards white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Gao Xupeng , Shen Xinyu , Xue Dingke , Li Xin , Lu Po , Lu Min , Li Chunyan , Yu William W. , Bai Xue
Published: November 2020

Mn2+ ion doped 2D (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite nanocrystals with a high PLQY of 54% were synthesized using a crystallization method at room temperature, and efficient energy transfer from excitons to the Mn2+ dopant was proven.
Nanostructured organosilicas constructed by homopolycondensation of a transesterified bulky precursor and their potential in laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Mizoshita Norihiro , Murase Masakazu , Yamada Yuri , Goto Yasutomo
Published: November 2020

Homopolycondensation of bulky organosilane precursors transesterified with oxyethylene-containing alcohols results in nanostructured organosilica particles suitable for functional applications that require efficient light absorption.
Application of palladium-catalyzed aryl C–H alkylation in total synthesis of (−)-berkelic acid
Authors: Wang Hui-Hong , Wang Xiao-Dong , Cao Fei , Gao Wei-Wei , Ma Shu-Meng , Li Zhao , Deng Xue-Mei , Shi Tao , Wang Zhen
Published: November 2020

Total synthesis of the isochroman natural product (–)-berkelic acid.
Synthesis of a novel arginine-modified starch resin and its adsorption of dye wastewater
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Panlei , Zhang Yi , Cheng Bowen , Zhu Ruoying , Li Fan
Published: November 2020

In the side reaction, the two aldehyde groups in the glutaraldehyde molecules should undergo an aldol condensation reaction with the hydroxyl group in the starch molecule, which has been corrected.
Self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) on magnetic latex particles and their application as a reusable scale inhibitor
Authors: Kaewsaneha Chariya , Elaissari Abdelhamid , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan , Opaprakasit Pakorn
Published: November 2020

Carboxylated magnetic polymeric nanoparticles, having a high magnetic content, and superparamagnetic properties were prepared and applied as effective antiscalants.
Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of white cabbage extract on the quality and shelf life of raw beef during refrigerated storage
Authors: Rubab Momna , Chelliah Ramachandran , Saravanakumar Kandasamy , Kim Jong-Rae , Yoo Daesang , Wang Myeong-Hyeon , Oh Deog-Hwan
Published: November 2020

Brassica vegetables are well-characterized, containing a wide-spectrum of phenolic compounds that are responsible for their diverse biological activities like antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Modelling of packed bed and coated wall microreactors for methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production
Authors: Hafeez Sanaa , Aristodemou Elsa , Manos George , Al-Salem S. M. , Constantinou Achilleas
Published: November 2020

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study has been conducted to assess the performance of packed bed and coated wall microreactors for the steam reforming of methanol with a CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 based catalyst (BASF F3-01).
Ice-interface assisted large-scale preparation of polypyrrole/graphene oxide films for all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Wen Jia , Ding Yang , Zhong Jiang , Chen Ruyi , Gao Fei , Qiao Yongluo , Fu Changqing , Wang Jinglan , Shen Liang , He Haifeng
Published: November 2020

A confirned polymerization method was employed to fabricate self-standing PPy/GO film for all-solid-state supercapacitor.
The photoelectron-imaging spectroscopic study and chemical bonding analysis of VO2−, NbO2− and TaO2−
Authors: Zhang Jiangle , Chen Shanjun , Jiang Yihuang , Wang Chen , Qin Zhengbo , Qiu Xingtai , Yu Jingxiong , Chen Yuwan , Tang Zichao
Published: November 2020

The transition-metal di-oxides, namely VO2−, NbO2− and TaO2− have been studied using photoelectron velocity map imaging (PE-VMI) in combination with theoretical calculations.
Large area Al2O3–Au raspberry-like nanoclusters from iterative block-copolymer self-assembly
Authors: Alvarez-Fernandez Alberto , Nallet Frédéric , Fontaine Philippe , Cummins Cian , Hadziioannou Georges , Barois Philippe , Fleury Guillaume , Ponsinet Virginie
Published: November 2020

Large area Al2O3–Au raspberry-like nanoclusters and other complex structures have been created by iterative block-copolymer self-assembly, paving the way to a new generation of on-demand metallic architectures.
Correction: Sustainable process for the preparation of potassium sulfate by electrodialysis and its concentration and purification by a nanofiltration process
Authors: Trivedi Jaladhi S. , Bhadja Vaibhavee , Makwana B. S. , Jewrajka Suresh K. , Chatterjee Uma
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Sustainable process for the preparation of potassium sulfate by electrodialysis and its concentration and purification by a nanofiltration process’ by Jaladhi S. Trivedi et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 71807–71817, DOI: 10.1039/C6RA14303B.
Molecular and supported Ti(iii)-alkyls: efficient ethylene polymerization driven by the π-character of metal–carbon bonds and back donation from a singly occupied molecular orbital
Authors: Ashuiev Anton , Allouche Florian , Wili Nino , Searles Keith , Klose Daniel , Copéret Christophe , Jeschke Gunnar
Published: November 2020

Ti(iii) alkyl species polymerize ethylene via an original mechanism, which involves back donation to the π*(C2H4) and a delocalization of the unpaired electron in the transition state of C2H4 insertion into the partially alkylidenic Ti(iii)–C bond.
On-surface isostructural transformation from a hydrogen-bonded network to a coordination network for tuning the pore size and guest recognition
Authors: Zhou Dong-Dong , Wang Jun , Chen Pin , He Yangyong , Wu Jun-Xi , Gao Sen , Zhong Zhihao , Du Yunfei , Zhong Dingyong , Zhang Jie-Peng
Published: November 2020

A hydrogen-bonded network on a Ag(111) surface can transform into an isostructural Ag(i) coordination network, giving drastically different host–guest recognition behaviours.
Facile synthesis of a CuMnOx catalyst based on a mechanochemical redox process for efficient and stable CO oxidation
Authors: Bao Jiafeng , Duan Xiaolan , Zhang Pengfei
Published: November 2020

Low-temperature catalytic combustion of CO is a desirable route for CO removal. We reported the sythesis of highly active CuMnOx catalyst by a mechanochemical redox process.
NIR driven fast macro-damage repair and shear-free reprocessing of thermoset elastomers via dynamic covalent urea bonds
Authors: Wang Zhanhua , Yang Maoyu , Wang Xiaorong , Fei Guoxia , Zheng Zhuo , Xia Hesheng
Published: November 2020

Fast macro-damage repair and shear-free reprocessing of thermoset elastomers are achieved through NIR induced solid-to-fluid transition based on dynamic covalent urea bonds.
Design of self-righting steam generators for solar-driven interfacial evaporation and self-powered water wave detection
Authors: Chen Guoliang , Li Na , He Jintao , Qiao Lifang , Li Fangbin , Wang Shuxue , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Li Xiaoyi , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: November 2020

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation, desalination and self-powered water wave detection are synergistically achieved by developing a self-righting steam generator with a tumbler-shaped monolithic structure.
Integration of IR-808 and thiol-capped Au–Bi bimetallic nanoparticles for NIR light mediated photothermal/photodynamic therapy and imaging
Authors: Jia Peipei , Ji Hongjiao , Liu Shikai , Zhang Rui , He Fei , Zhong Lei , Yang Piaoping
Published: November 2020

A novel Au–Bi bimetallic nanoplatform has been developed for enhanced photodynamic and photothermal therapy.
Enhanced energy density and extraction efficiency of polar sol–gel dielectric films with reduced residual ions
Authors: Kathaperumal Mohanalingam , Kim Yunsang , Johnstone Lucas R. , Tillotson John P. , Park Yohan , Pan Ming-Jen , Perry Joseph W.
Published: November 2020

Reduction of residual ions improved overall dielectric properties of an alkoxysilane-based dielectric film capacitor, yielding maximum extractable energy density of 32 J cm−3 at 685 V μm−1.
Efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes employing difluoroboron-enabled thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Li Guijie , Zhan Feng , Lou Weiwei , Wang Dan , Deng Chao , Cao Lina , Yang Yuning , Zhang Qisheng , She Yuanbin
Published: November 2020

The design and development of efficient emitters for deep-blue OLED with CIEy < 0.10 remains a challenge. A new D–π–A-BF2-type TADF emitter BF2-DMCz was developed, and the BF2-DMCz-doped deep-blue OLED achieved a peak EQE of 8.4% with CIE coordinates of (0.149, 0.083).
Delayed fluorescence material-assisted high performance ternary organic solar cells realized by prolonged exciton lifetime and diffusion length
Authors: Cao Luye , Du Xiaoyang , Lin Hui , Zheng Caijun , Chen Zhenhua , Tao Silu
Published: November 2020

The addition of DF materials into ternary OSCs offers possibilities for prolonging the exciton lifetime and diffusion length.
Recent progress in responsive photonic crystals of block copolymers
Authors: Liu Simeng , Yang Yi , Zhang Lianbin , Xu Jiangping , Zhu Jintao
Published: November 2020

We highlight the recent progress of BCP PC films and microparticles having tunable structural colour in response to external stimuli.
Structure, metabolism and biological functions of steryl glycosides in mammals
Authors: Shimamura Michio
Published: November 2020

Steryl glycosides (SGs) are sterols glycosylated at their 3β-hydroxy group. They are widely distributed in plants, algae, and fungi, but are relatively rare in bacteria and animals. Glycosylation of sterols, resulting in important components of the cell membrane SGs, alters their biophysical properties and confers resistance against stress by freezing or heat shock to cells. Besides, many biological functions in animals have been suggested from the observations of SG administration. Recently, cholesteryl glucosides synthesized via the transglycosidation by glucocerebrosidases (GBAs) were found in the central nervous system of animals. Identification of patients with congenital mutations in GBA genes or availability of respective animal models will enable investigation of the function of such endogenously synthesized cholesteryl glycosides by genetic approaches. In addition, mechanisms of the host immune responses against pathogenic bacterial SGs have partially been resolved. This review is focused on the biological functions of SGs in mammals taking into consideration their therapeutic applications in the future.
Genomic islands and the evolution of livestock-associatedStaphylococcus aureusgenomes
Authors: Rao Relangi Tulasi , Sharma Shivani , Sivakumar Natesan , Jayakumar Kannan
Published: November 2020

Background: Genomic Islands (GIs) are commonly believed to be relics of horizontal transfer and associated with specific metabolic capacities, including virulence of the strain. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a vital role in the acquisition of GIs and the evolution and adaptation of bacterial genomes.

Objective: The present study was designed to predict the GIs and role of HGT in evolution of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus (LA-SA).

Methods: GIs were predicted with two methods namely, Ensemble algorithm for Genomic Island Detection (EGID) tool, and Seq word Sniffer script. Functional characterization of GI elements was performed with clustering of orthologs. The putative donor predictions of GIs was done with the aid of the pre_GI database.

Results: The present study predicted a pan of 46 GIs across the LA-SA genomes. Functional characterization of GI sequences revealed few unique results like the presence of metabolic operons like leuABCD and folPK genes in GIs and showed the importance of GIs in the adaptation to the host niche. The developed framework for GI donor prediction results revealed Rickettsia and Mycoplasma as the major donors of GI elements.

Conclusions: The role of GIs during the evolutionary race of LA-SA could be concluded from the present study. Niche adaptation of LA-SA enhanced presumably due to these GIs. Future studies could focus on the evolutionary relationships between Rickettsia and Mycoplasma sp. with S. aureus and also the evolution of Leucine/Isoleucine mosaic operon (leuABCD).
Facile synthesis and characterisation of green luminescent carbon nanodots prepared from tender coconut water using the acid‐assisted ultrasonic route
Authors: Manoharan Preethi , Dhanabalan Sathish Chander , Alagan Muthulakshmi , Muthuvijayan Santhoshbalaji , Ponraj Joice Sophia , Somasundaram Chandra Kishore
Published: November 2020

In the present investigation, the authors have adopted a simple and economical method for the synthesis of bright green photoluminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) from tender coconut water via acid‐assisted ultrasonic route. Tender coconut water is used as a less expensive and eco‐friendly carbon precursor to produce well‐dispersed CNDs possessing a hybrid structural behaviour of both nanocrystalline and amorphous carbon phases. The monodispersed CNDs with spherical morphology and particle size (4 ± 1 nm) were confirmed with the aid of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The functional groups attached to CNDs are held responsible for the fluorescence nature and mono‐dispersion that were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The green fluorescence nature of CNDs was evaluated at a maximum emission at 510 nm with an excitation wavelength of 450 nm, using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum and photoluminescence spectra. The CNDs with a carbon core and chemical groups over their surface exhibited a fluorescence quantum yield of 60.18%. The stability, low‐cost precursor, rapid reaction and uniform dispersion without chemical functionalisation makes these CNDs synthesised from tender coconut water more advantageous than other sources. This research mainly emphasis on synthesis and characterisation of CNDs with a detailed mechanism for CND formation.
Analysis of metals and metalloids present in Sri Lankan dried seaweeds and assessing the possibility of health impact to general consumption patterns
Authors: Makawita Galabadage Indika Pavithrani Silva , Wickramasinghe Indira , Wijesekara Isuru
Published: November 2020

Seaweeds are considered as a functional food across many regions of the world and has an increasing consumption trend due to its health benefits. However, there is a concern regarding the amount of heavy metals and metalloids present in seaweeds. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the levels of metals present in specific seaweeds and its potential impact on consumption. Considered metal ions were Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu) Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg). At the assessment done at four different sites in the coastal regions of Sri Lanka for chlorophytes, rhodophytes and phaeophytes. Concentration of metals were analyzed using the ICPOES. According to the arrived results, concentration of metals varies as Cr > Ni > Cd > Cu > As > Pb = Hg with having zero concentration for Hg and Pb for all varieties and all sites. It was also found that the least amounts of metals were present at Jaffna site in phaeophytes (Sargassum sp.) and chlorophytes (Ulva sp.) When considering the Hazardous Index of the varieties, least was found in Sargassum sp. in Jaffna site. Studies were repeated for 2 seasons and there are significant differences (p < 0.05) between the dry season and wet season in the concentration of heavy metals present. However, since the seaweeds are grown for commercial purposes only in Jaffna area, it is evident that the chlorophyte and phaeophyte varieties claim very low health risk for potential heavy metals and are suitable for consumption purposes.
Research on the Impact of FDI in Producer Services on Carbon Emissions
Authors: Yang Danlei
Published: November 2020

Under the background of global warming, how to reduce carbon emissions and realize green and sustainable development in China is worth exploring. Firstly, this paper makes theoretical analysis, and considers that FDI in producer services can reduce the carbon emission of manufacturing industry by optimizing the input structure of manufacturing industry, improving the productivity and technical level, and enhancing the management ability and resource allocation ability of manufacturing enterprises. Then, using the panel data of China’s industries from 2004 to 2014, this paper uses two-way FE method to carry out empirical test, and finds that the increase of FDI in producer services can significantly reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to actively guide multinational corporations to invest in China’s producer services industry, to promote green and sustainable economic development.
Effects of Ocean Tide Load on Vertical Crustal Deformation in Northeastern Margin of Qinghai Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yang Guolin , Zhang Chuanyin , Sun Xuexian , Liu Tao , An Xuwei
Published: November 2020

Periodic crustal movement are mainly caused by ocean tides and changes of atmospheric pressure. In this project, the researcher has used the spherical harmonic coefficient of the ocean tide and actual observation data to study the impact on vertical crustal deformation due to changes of oceanic tide loading from 2012 to 2017 at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, based on the theory of crustal load deformation. The result shows that changes in oceanic tide loading have little impact on vertical crustal deformation compared with the impact of atmospheric loading at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai. The impact range of oceanic tide loading in this region is within ±3mm. In contrast, impact of atmospheric loading can reach ±12mm.
Correction of Iron Deficient Yellowing of Huangguogan by Different Application of Chelated Iron under Different Mulching Material
Authors: Chen Zhaofang , Wen Liting , Yang Liancong , Yang Youting , Tan Liping , Wang Xiaojia , Huang Shengjia , Qiu Xia , Xiong Bo , Deng Honghong , Liao Ling , Sun Guochao , Wang Zhihui
Published: November 2020

In this experiment, the asbestos chinensis was selected as the experimental material, and it was treated with black mulch, straw mulch, horticultural cloth mulch and river sand mulch, and compared with the control group to study the correction of iron deficiency yellowing of the leaves of Huangguogan. The results showed that the application of chelated iron under different mulching materials can significantly improve the photosynthesis index and leaf fluorescence characteristics of leaves, and correct the problem of iron deficiency yellowing of yellow fruit orange. The degree of correction of leaf iron deficiency yellowing by root-chelating iron was different under different mulching materials. In general, the correction effect of river sand mulch treatment was the most obvious, and the correction effect of black mulch was the worst. It was economical, practical, simple and convenient to correct the iron deficiency yellowing of the yellow fruit by mulching the material, and it had certain promotion value.
Analysis of the impact of reclamation project on the health of Marine ecosystem in Cangzhou coastal area
Authors: Ning Wang , Bin Liu , Youping Shou
Published: November 2020

For a comprehensive understanding of Cangzhou nearshore reclamation project construction effect on Marine ecosystem health, the evaluation scope is divided into six areas. According to the spring monitoring data in 2017, the regional ecosystem health evaluation method is used to evaluate the health index, and five evaluation indexes including seawater environment, sediment environment, biological habitat, biological forms and organisms are selected. Studies have shown that: the seawater environment, sediment environment and biological forms in the Cangzhou coastal area were all healthy; biological habitats, organisms and marine ecosystems were Unhealthy or sub-healthy; Reclamation activities are associated with the deterioration of seawater quality and the reduction of benthic and plankton biomass. The destruction of biological habitats is the main reason for the low ecosystem health index. destruction of biological habitats is the main reason for the low ecosystem health index.
Study on measurement of sound attenuation coefficient in bubble wake by pool
Authors: Han Jing , Lv Shuai , Wu Zhongpeng , Zhang Mingwei , Bai Jin
Published: November 2020

In this paper, bubbles are generated by controlling the air inlet volume of the ceramic tube array with a gas divider valve. Stimulation tests of sound attenuation characteristics of the wake of bubbles in a laboratory pool are performed. A measurement experiment of sound attenuation coefficient was carried out in the case of still water and bubbles with different particle sizes. The signal frequency is 20-200kHz. Through experimental research, it is found that the existence of bubbles makes the sound attenuation coefficient significantly larger. And the attenuation coefficient is related to the frequency of the sound waves and the size of the bubbles. At the same frequency, the larger the bubble size , the larger the attenuation coefficient will be. When the bubble size is constant, the attenuation of the acoustic signal in small bubbles will change greatly below 50kHz. Above 50kHz, the attenuation coefficient changes relatively smoothly and the fluctuation is small. In the case of medium and large bubbles, the fluctuation of the attenuation coefficient becomes larger than that in the small bubbles. Finally, the theoretically calculated sound attenuation coefficient is compared with the experimentally measured results. And the change trends of the two results are basically the same.
Analysis of the Effect of Different Combinations of Observation Satellites on the Resolving Accuracy of GNSS Observation Data
Authors: Wang Junze , Yao Maohua , Zhou Wenting , Chen Xiangping
Published: November 2020

In this paper, 24 C-level control points under different terrain conditions were selected to be the testing points. The binary-satellite system (GPS+GLONASS) and the triple-satellite system with BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) (BDS+GPS+GLONASS) were adopted for static measurement; and the observation data from BeiDou Ground-based Augumentation System (GBAS) base stations in Guangxi were collected for solution. By comparing the residuals of GPS tri-dimensional baseline vectors and the internal accord accuracy of each control point under the binary and triple-satellite systems, the effect of data collected by different satellite systems under different terrain conditions on measurement accuracy was studied. According to the results, (1) the triple-satellite system with BDS showed more stable measurement accuracy; (2) in plane, the two systems were of equivalent measurement accuracy in mountainous and flat areas; in elevation, the triple-satellite system showed higher and more stable measurement accuracy.
Management der COVID-19-Pandemie in Hämodialysezentren: eine Metaanalyse
Authors: Haag Stefanie
Published: November 2020

Seit Anfang des Jahres 2020 kam es zu einer Pandemie mit dem neuartigen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Schweres Akutes Respiratorisches Syndrom Coronavirus 2). Typische Symptome von COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) sind Fieber, Husten, Luftnot, Gliederschmerzen, Fatigue, Durchfälle und Geruchsverlust 1. Hämodialysepatienten sind aufgrund ihrer Grunderkrankung gefährdet, an COVID-19 zu erkranken bzw. Komplikationen zu erleiden. Die Mortalität liegt bei Dialysepatienten bei 2 % im Gegensatz zu der Normalbevölkerung mit 0,5 %. 2. Das höhere Risiko entsteht durch das meist fortgeschrittene Alter, die Komorbiditäten (v. a. kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen) und die Einnahme von Immunsuppressiva bzw. das abnorme Immunsystem durch die Urämie. Weiterhin kommt es zu vielen Kontakten im Bereich der Dialyse (Mehrbettzimmer, Fahrt zur Dialyse), sodass nicht nur die Patienten gefährdet sind, sondern auch das Dialysepersonal einer erhöhten Ansteckungsgefahr ausgesetzt ist 2.
Einsatz von Community-Masken in der Bevölkerung: Praxis und Anwendungsfehler während der COVID-19 Pandemie in Deutschland
Authors: Mattner Frauke , Neuwirth Meike Maria , Otchwemah Robin , Duman Deniz , Neuwirth Martin , Teves Stefanie
Published: November 2020

Ziel der Studie Die COVID-19 Pandemie hat erhebliche gesellschaftliche Auswirkungen. Die Transmissionsvorbeugung in der Bevölkerung beinhaltet u. a. das Tragen von textilen Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungen. Voraussetzung des Schutzeffekts ist der korrekte Maskeneinsatz, wobei Anwendungsfehler selbst unter medizinischem Fachpersonal beobachtet wurden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde analysiert, welche Masken im öffentlichen Raum als Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung zum Einsatz kamen, ob der Einsatz korrekt erfolgte und welcher Art die beobachteten Anwendungsfehler waren.

Methodik Es erfolgte eine prospektive Beobachtungsstudie in Bereichen, für die eine textile Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungspflicht nach der Coronaschutzverordnung NRW galt.

Ergebnisse Zwischen dem 07.05.2020 und 13.05.2020 wurden 2721 Personen in maskenpflichtigen Bereichen beobachtet. Die Gesamtcompliance zu Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungen betrug 97,2%. Am häufigsten kam der chirurgische Mund-Nasen-Schutz (MNS) (44,9%) zum Einsatz, gefolgt von Stoffmasken (39,8%), FFP-Masken (7,1%) sowie Schals (5,4%). Keine Maske trugen 2,8% der Beobachteten. In 30,4% der Fälle wurde die Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung fehlerhaft getragen. Die häufigsten Anwendungsfehler fielen in die Kategorien „Maske unter der Nase getragen“ (41,4%) und „Nasenbügel nicht angepasst“ (20,8%). Der MNS wurden deutlich häufiger fehlerhaft eingesetzt als die übrigen Masken- Typen (p<0,001).

Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung zeigte sich eine hohe Gesamtcompliance der Bevölkerung von 97% zum Einsatz von Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungen im Rahmen des COVID-19 Pandemie- Managements. Die Masken wurden in 30% der Fälle fehlerhaft genutzt. Hieraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer gezielten, intensivierten Wissensvermittlung zur Maskenanwendung an die Bevölkerung, die die beobachteten Defizite berücksichtigt.
Protocol for Palladium/N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides by N–C(O) Activation
Authors: Lei Peng , Li Guangchen , Szostak Michal , Ling Yun , An Jie , Nolan Steven P.
Published: November 2020

Amides are among the most important and ubiquitous functional groups in organic chemistry and process development. In this Practical Synthetic Procedure, a protocol for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides by selective N–C(O) bond activation catalyzed by commercially available, air- and moisture-stable palladium/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes is described. The procedure described involves [Pd(IPr)(cin)Cl] [IPr = 2,6-(diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, cin = cinnamyl] at 0.10 mol% at room temperature and is performed on decagram scale. Furthermore, a procedure for the synthesis of amide starting materials is accomplished via selective N-tert-butoxycarbonylation, which is the preferred method over N-acylation. The present protocol carries advantages of operational simplicity, commercial availability of catalysts, and excellent conversions at low catalyst loadings. The method is generally useful for activation of N–C(O) amide bonds in a broad spectrum of amide precursors. The protocol should facilitate the implementation of amide cross-coupling reactions.
Routine Ultrasound Control after Successful Intussusception Reduction in Children: Is It Really Necessary?
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , García Antonella , Delgado Bonifacio , Muñoz-Serrano Antonio Jesús , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , Barrena Saturnino , Lopez Santamaria Manuel , Martinez Leopoldo
Published: November 2020

Introduction Recurrence of ileocolic intussusception (ICI) has been related to residual bowel wall edema after enema reduction. Early oral tolerance has been associated with a higher risk of re-intussusception, so an imaging test (ultrasound) has traditionally been performed before restarting oral tolerance. Our aim is to analyze the cost-effectiveness of performing a routine ultrasound in patients who remain asymptomatic after successful enema reduction.

Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study was performed in patients with ICI who underwent a successful enema reduction between 2005 and 2019 and distributed in two groups according to whether or not a routine ultrasound was performed before restarting oral tolerance: group A (ultrasound) or B (no ultrasound). We analyzed demographic, clinical and laboratory variables, length of hospital stay, and recurrence rate.

Results We included 366 patients who presented 373 ICI episodes (165 in group A and 208 in group B), without significant differences in gender and age. Group A patients presented a higher percentage of vomiting and bloody stools than those in group B without differences in the other clinical features studied, time of evolution, or laboratory variables. Group A presented a higher length of hospital stay than group B (36 vs. 24 hours), although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.30). No statistically significant differences were observed in the recurrence rate between both groups (10.3% A vs. 10.8% B; p = 0.83).

Conclusion Performing routine ultrasound before restarting oral tolerance in asymptomatic patients after successful ICI reduction does not decrease the risk of re-intussusception and should not be routinely encouraged.
Clinical Features and Outcome of Thrombotic Microangiopathies: Comparison between Patients with and without Malignancy
Authors: Van de Louw Andry , Cohrs Austin , Leslie Douglas
Published: November 2020

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is an uncommon complication of cancers, related to the malignancy itself, antineoplastic drugs, or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. It was reported mostly as case series but large data are lacking. We used the large U.S. MarketScan database to compare TMA between patients with and without malignancy. Adult patients hospitalized between 2005 and 2014 with a diagnosis of TMA were included; cancer patients were defined by a diagnosis of cancer within 1 year prior to or during the admission with TMA. Associated inpatient diagnoses, procedures, hospital mortality, and long-term survival were collected. We included 3,227 patients; 617 (19.1%) had cancer (age 54 [44–60] years, 58% female), which was a new diagnosis for 23% of patients. Two-thirds of cancer patients had solid tumors (mostly pancreas, lung, breast, colorectal, and hepatobiliary, half of them metastatic) and one-third had hematological malignancies (lymphoma, acute leukemia, and multiple myeloma); TMA patients with cancer were older, more often men, had more noncancer-related comorbidities, and developed more sepsis and coagulopathy than TMA patients without cancer. Hospital mortality was significantly higher in cancer patients (16.6% vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001) and reached 30% in transplant recipients; malignancy was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality in multivariate analysis and sensitivity analyses excluding patients with metastases or patients who did not undergo plasmapheresis led to similar results. Malignancy was also associated with decreased long-term survival.
The Spaced Learning Concept Significantly Improves Acquisition of Laparoscopic Suturing Skills in Students and Residents: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Boettcher Johannes , Mietzsch Stefan , Wenkus Julia , Mokhaberi Nariman , Klinke Michaela , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael
Published: November 2020

Introduction Spaced learning consists of blocks with highly condensed content that interrupted by breaks during which distractor activities, such as physical activity, are performed. The concept has been shown to be superior in complex motor skill acquisition like laparoscopic suturing and knot tying. Preliminary studies have solely been conducted with medical students. Therefore, it remained unanswered if the spaced learning concept would also work for pediatric surgery residents.

Materials and Methods The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spaced learning, students, and residents were asked to perform four surgeons' square knots on a bowel model within 30 minutes prior and post 3 hours of hands-on training. To examine the long-term skills, the same subjects were asked to perform a comparable, but more complex task 12 months later without receiving training in the meantime. Total time, knot stability, suture accuracy, knot quality, and laparoscopic performance were assessed. Additionally, motivation was accessed by using the questionnaire on current motivation. Differences were calculated using mixed analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, and multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results A total of 20 medical students and 14 residents participated in the study. After randomization, 18 were trained using the spaced learning concept and 16 via conventional methods. Both groups had comparable baseline characteristics and improved significantly after training in all assessed measures. The spaced learning concept improved procedure performance as well as knot quality and stability in both students and residents. However, residents that trained via spaced learning showed significantly better long-term results regarding knot quality and speed in comparison to students. Although anxiety was significantly reduced in both training groups over time, residents were significantly more interested regarding knot tying than students.

Conclusion This study dispels any remaining doubt that the spaced learning concept might only work for medical students. It appears that the spaced learning concept is very suitable for residents in acquiring complex motor skills. It is superior to conventional training, resulting in improved procedural performance as well as knot quality and speed. Hence, tailored training programs should not only be integrated early on in students' curricula but also in surgical training programs.
Electron transport within bulk cubic boron nitride: A Monte Carlo simulation analysis
Authors: Siddiqua Poppy , Shur Michael S. , O’Leary Stephen K.
Published: November 2020

Through the use of a semi-classical three-valley Monte Carlo electron transport simulation analysis, we analyze the nature of the steady-state and transient electron transport processes that occur within the zinc-blende phase of bulk boron nitride. For the purposes of our steady-state analysis, the dependence of the electron drift velocity on the applied electric field strength is examined. For our transient electron transport analysis, however, we study how an ensemble of electrons, initially in thermal equilibrium, i.e., zero-field, responds to the sudden application of a constant and uniform applied electric field. The results obtained, corresponding to the specific case of bulk zinc-blende boron nitride, are then contrasted with those corresponding to a number of other compound semiconductors of interest within the III–V nitride semiconductor genome.
Ground state solutions for the nonlinear Kirchhoff type equations with lower term
Authors: Jia Huifang
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we consider the following nonlinear Kirchhoff type equations: −a+b∫R3|∇u|2Δu+λV(x)u=|u|p−2u in R3, where a, b > 0, λ ≥ 1, V∈C(R3,R) is a potential well and 3 < p < 6. Under suitable assumptions on V, the existence and concentrating behavior of solutions to a problem are obtained by using variational methods. We mainly extend the results about nonlinear Kirchhoff type equations with potential by Li and Ye [J. Differ. Equations 257(2), 566–600 (2014)] to the Kirchhoff type equations with sign-changing potential well.