bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequência de erros pré-analíticos ocorridos na Medicina Veterinária
Authors: Braz Paulo , Braz Paulo Henrique , Rodrigues Garcia Eduarda
Published: January 2018

The laboratory tests are extremely important for a definitive diagnosis, they assist in 70% in medical decision making. As in any circumstance, there are likelihood of errors, which are often occasioned by negligence or lack of knowledge of the subject. The present study aimed to demonstrate the main pre-analytical errors in veterinary medicine. The main errors reported were related to the non-use of procedure gloves, followed by failure to perform the tricotomy at the blood collection site. It was possible to verify that the veterinarians know about the best tube to be used in the clinical routine of harvesting and sending blood to the laboratory, however, there are still gaps in the club time. Pre-analytical errors are known as a methodology for a collection of biological material.
Comportamento de bezerras da raça Holandesa alimentadas com silagem pré-secada do capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon ssp.)
Authors: Villanova Daiana , Carvalho Minighin Duarte , Bougleux Guimarães Lima Wellyson , De Matos Teixeira Alex , Vitarele Gimenes Pereira Renata , Tadeu Vilela Carvalho Wellyngton
Published: January 2018

The use of pre-dried silage from Tifton 85 grass can be a good option of quality forage for animal feeding. The main objective was to evaluate the behavior of the Holstein heifers fed with pre-dried silage, the grass Tifton 85, replacing the corn silage (0, 33, 66 and 100%). Sixteen animals were distributed in four treatments and remained in feedlot system for 21 days. Behavioral assessments were carried out in the last four days of the trial period during 24 hours, through the instant collection route, with sampling intervals of 10 minutes and type scan sampling route. The frequency of urination, defecation and water intake were also recorded. A completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 33, 66 e 100% of corn silage replacement for pre-dried grass silage of Tifton 85), and four repetitions (number of animals per treatments).The rumination time was influenced by diet, being the highest values (39.76%) observed for animals fed with corn silage. Sleeping behavior influenced food, ranging from 5.81 to 9.28%, to levels of 0 and 66% corn silage replacement for pre-dried grass silage of Tifton 85, respectively. The frequency that the animals drank water, defecated and urinated showed no difference among the treatments. The replacement of corn silage by the pre-dried silage of Tifton 85 grass did not cause changes in the behavior of the animals during the studied period.
Randomized benchmarking with gate-dependent noise
Authors: Wallman Joel J.
Published: January 2018

We analyze randomized benchmarking for arbitrary gate-dependent noise and prove that the exact impact of gate-dependent noise can be described by a single perturbation term that decays exponentially with the sequence length. That is, the exact behavior of randomized benchmarking under general gate-dependent noise converges exponentially to a true exponential decay of exactly the same form as that predicted by previous analysis for gate-independent noise. Moreover, we show that the operational meaning of the decay parameter for gate-dependent noise is essentially unchanged, that is, we show that it quantifies the average fidelity of the noise between ideal gates. We numerically demonstrate that our analysis is valid for strongly gate-dependent noise models. We also show why alternative analyses do not provide a rigorous justification for the empirical success of randomized benchmarking with gate-dependent noise.
Contribuições da Escola Italiana de História das Religiões
Authors: Godoy João Miguel Teixeira , Butignol Fernando César
Published: January 2018

A Escola Italiana tem influenciado de forma crescente não só a historiografia brasileira no campo dos estudos religiosos, como também auxiliado na consolidação da emergente área das Ciências das Religiões, com seu refinamento conceitual e metodológico de análise, que estimula problematizar a singularidade do objeto religioso, ao precisar seus conceitos e métodos de reconstrução.
Sistema de crenças: uma conceituação
Authors: De Azevedo Gilson Xavier , Lemos Carolina Teles
Published: January 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer um diálogo com os conceitos de sistema, crença e sistema de crenças permeado pelas noções de consciência e realidade. Justifica-se o presente estudo, dado o crescimento de pesquisas e produções sobre o referido tema. A metodologia adotada é a de um estudo revisional exploratório de caráter bibliográfico. A questão básica é considerar se é possível pensar um sistema de crenças na condição de uma estrutura, tal qual a cultura, a economia e a educação. A premissa básica é de que o chamado sistema de crenças seria na realidade uma estrutura que cria, permeia e reconfigura as demais estruturas existentes. Aponta-se como resultado a ampliação dessa discussão e a construção de formulações que permitem debates mais amplos sobre o tema.
A performance da fé nas celebrações religiosas neopentecostais
Authors: Araújo Ana Rafaela Sales de , Meneses Bruno Carvalho
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo discute as formas de atuação do neopentecostalismo no Brasil, enquanto fenômeno midiático. Elegeu-se como objeto de estudo a Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus e o seu fundador, o Valdemiro Santiago. Aborda-se brevemente a história do neopentecostalismo no Brasil, bem como suas inovações. Dentre essas inovações, verifica-se a necessidade das igrejas em usar a mídia televisiva para a evangelização e o surgimento de novas formas de experiência do sagrado no processo de midiatização da fé. Em seguida, promove-se uma breve análise da Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus, do apóstolo Valdemiro e de suas performances na mídia. Como conclusão, verifica-se que a sociedade brasileira caminha cada vez mais em direção à novas formas de religiosidade e de contato com o sagrado, e que a mídia foi a mola propulsora responsável pelo desenvolvimento desta nova religiosidade denominada midiática.
IMPACTOS DO USO DE EXPERIMENTOS DE BAIXO CUSTO NO ENSINO DE GENÉTICA EM COLÉGIOS DE ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Santana Emanuel , De Souza Cláudia Regina teixeira , Sampaio Sheila Fernandes
Published: January 2018

A genética passou a ser uma ciência conhecida por muitas pessoas. A mídia tem colocado a genética em evidência, atribuindo o surgimento de muitas doenças tendo o gene como o principal causador. Nas escolas as informações obtidas pela mídia passaram a despertar interesse dos estudantes. Este trabalho visou analisar os impactos causados no ambiente escolar, em função da aplicação em aulas práticas de experimentos de baixo custo em genética, em dois colégios de Ensino Médio do município de Alagoinhas, Bahia. As ferramentas usadas para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram entrevistas com os estudantes baseadas em questionário. Os estudantes apresentaram maior conhecimento em genética após a utilização das aulas práticas. As atividades experimentais despertaram grande interesse dos estudantes e abordaram os temas de dominância, princípio mendeliano em genética humana, com uso de heredogramas, e herança quantitativa. O trabalho possibilitou contribuição para que a genética fosse melhor conhecida e interpretada pelos alunos e trouxe mudanças na dinâmica das aulas.
CHARGES E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS
Authors: Passos Marinez Meneghello , Maistro Virgínia Iara de Andrade , Caraiola Vitor , Arruda Sergio de Mello
Published: January 2018

A pesquisa cujos resultados apresentamos neste artigo, foi realizada tendo por depoentes os alunos de cinco turmas de sexto ano de Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede pública de ensino, situada na cidade de Londrina, no Estado do Paraná. A situação de ensino planejada pautou-se na utilização de charges, com o intuito de averiguar a interpretação e o conhecimento prévio dos alunos, além da possibilidade de desencadear um processo de criatividade, de discussões, de reflexões e de busca. A proposta desenvolvida ocorreu durante três encontros em cada turma com o seguinte planejamento: no primeiro, foram apresentadas as intenções dos pesquisadores, a charge a ser trabalhada e levantadas as percepções dos alunos a respeito da charge (na forma de registros em uma folha de sulfite); no segundo, a aula foi lecionada de maneira expositiva abrangendo a temática ilustrada na charge; no terceiro e último encontro os alunos reescreveram o que compreendiam ao observar a mesma charge apresentada inicialmente. Após a análise dos registros coletados, no primeiro e no terceiro encontro, e das notas de campo elaboradas a cada dia, foi possível evidenciar maior compreensão por parte dos alunos a respeito da temática da charge, todavia o que mais nos chamou a atenção foi a participação na aula e o interesse dos alunos pelos conceitos trabalhados.
GRAVITY OF ARTISTIC COMPETENCE
Authors: Isabela Grosseova
Published: January 2018

Writing from the position of being a PhD student at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague, I address the subject of competences in artistic education in my dissertation. My aim is to give insight into the experiences of graduates of the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague, and to evaluate the impact of this education on their lives.
FOOD SECURITY IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Authors: Grochowska Renata
Published: January 2018

The aim of the article is to show how the term food security evolved in the political discourse of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and how it was interpreted by actors of the decision-making process to achieve the objectives pursued. For this purpose the critical discourse analysis is used. It can be concluded that soft skills, the ability to use words are increasingly important in politics. Politicians use specific types of organisations and institutions to make ideological beliefs and discourses – they need to achieve their objectives – come true. The message, which is read in a specific way to produce very specific reactions, is thus manipulated through the media and other ideological apparatuses. The evolution of theoretical concepts in the political discourse of the CAP presented in the article indicates a high dependence on path dependency. The neo-mercantilist approach to agriculture has been present from the beginning of its existence. The concepts of multifunctionality and neo-liberalism were promoted as a result of pressure from existing external and internal conditions, but they were always to legitimise maintaining high agricultural funding from the EU budget. The food crisis of 2007–2008 and food security became a fundamental elements of the political agenda, which allowed for the return of neo-productivism, in order to defend agricultural subsidies and continue the role of the state in their maintenance.
MICROECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES AS PERCEIVED BY RURAL ENTREPRENEURS OF THE MAŁOPOLSKIE PROVINCE
Authors: Żmija Katarzyna
Published: January 2018

The article analyses evaluation of rural entrepreneurs concerning selected factors of development of their business. Attention was paid to the microeconomic factors relating to the resources available to the companies and the local conditions. Factors that are, in the opinion of entrepreneurs, drivers of growth included the location of the business, the availability of the Internet, the way the company is managed, access to the target recipients of services and products, technologies used, the number of customers covered by the activities of the company, as well as competencies, knowledge and skills of the owner-manager. The most frequently cited barriers limiting the development of activity of the surveyed entrepreneurs were their capital resources and the level of intensity of market competition.
Zróżnicowanie obciążeń fiskalnych dochodów osób fizycznych w Polsce
Authors: Podstawka Marian , Deresz Agnieszka
Published: January 2018

Opodatkowanie to złożone zjawisko społeczne, gospodarcze, a także politycznoustrojowe i prawne. Podatki były i są przede wszystkim narzędziem służącym do gromadzenia przez państwo środków niezbędnych do realizacji jego zadań. Ponadto podatki są związane z regulowaniem procesów gospodarczych i społecznych, co oznacza, że podatki pełnią funkcje: redystrybucyjną, stymulacyjną i alokacyjną. Znaczenie gospodarczo społeczne podatków polega na tym, że skutkiem ich nakładania jest zmiana sytuacji dochodowej i majątkowej podatników, co wpływa na podejmowane ich decyzje: gospodarcze, konsumpcyjne, o oszczędzaniu, itp. Zmiany systemu podatkowego w latach 2008-2015, miały wpływ na kształtowanie się nominalnych i efektywnych stawek podatkowych. Wysokości obciążeń podatkowych i innych obciążeń fiskalnych nakładanych na poszczególne grupy podatników spowodowały zmiany w obciążeniu ich dochodów. Celem artykułu jest ocena rozkładu obciążeń fiskalnych w Polsce w latach 2008-2015. W opracowaniu, na podstawie przedmiotowej oceny, podjęto próbę weryfikacji hipotezy, że obciążenia fiskalne nakładane na osoby fizyczne prowadzące pozarolniczą działalność gospodarczą są niższe w porównaniu z opodatkowaniem wynagrodzeń z innych źródeł przychodów.
Witryny i aplikacje mobilne w promocji gospodarstw agroturystycznych
Authors: Król Karol
Published: January 2018

Celem pracy była ocena możliwości oraz stopnia wykorzystania przez gospodarstwa agroturystyczne witryn i aplikacji mobilnych w prezentacji i promocji świadczonych usług. Badania przeprowadzono w trzech płaszczyznach: responsywności przekazu, projektowej oraz ekonomicznej. Badaniom responsywności poddano 287 witryn internetowych gospodarstw agroturystycznych. W trakcie testów projektowych utworzono aplikacje mobilne dla modelowego gospodarstwa agroturystycznego. Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania utworzenia aplikacji mobilnych zbadano rozsyłając zapytanie ofertowe. W zbiorze badanych witryn nie odnotowano ani jednej witryny mobilnej. Żadne z gospodarstw nie udostępniało też aplikacji mobilnej. Gospodarstwa agroturystyczne z badanego zbioru posługiwały się przeważnie witrynami responsywnymi. Pracownicy ankietowanych podmiotów unikali w swoich odpowiedziach tematu kosztów wykonania aplikacji mobilnej. Większość z nich zasugerowała, że z uwagi na kwestie praktyczne (efektywność) i ekonomiczne, korzystniej jest promować gospodarstwo przy pomocy witryny internetowej dostosowanej do urządzeń przenośnych. W konkluzji wykazano, że powszechność wykorzystania aplikacji mobilnych w promocji gospodarstw agroturystycznych jest ograniczana barierami: przydatności, kosztów, a także wiedzy i umiejętności.
Nierówności ekonomiczne a jakość życia w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Raczkowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2018

Artykuł podejmuje fundamentalne kwestie odnoszące się do istoty i pomiaru nierówności ekonomicznych. Praca została wykonana na podstawie analizy i syntezy literatury przedmiotu oraz zebranych danych statystycznych. Przeprowadzono analizę poszczególnych wymiarów nierówności ekonomicznych w krajach Unii Europejskiej w 2010 i 2015 roku. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły występowanie nierówności ekonomicznych pomiędzy krajami Unii Europejskiej. Największe różnice odnotowano w poziomie luki płacowej oraz w wartościach współczynnika Giniego. Najwyższe nierówności dochodowe odnotowano w Bułgarii, Rumunii, w państwach bałtyckich a także w krajach południa Europy tj. w Hiszpanii, Portugalii oraz Grecji, natomiast najniższe w Słowacji, Czechach, Słowenii, Szwecji oraz w Finlandii.
Analiza ESG spółek z indeksu RESPECT na podstawie bazy ASSET4 ESG
Authors: Sikacz Hanna , Wołczek Przemysław
Published: January 2018

Niniejsze opracowanie dotyczy analizy danych niefinansowych związanych z kwestiami ochrony środowiska, odpowiedzialności społecznej i ładu organizacyjnego zwanych danymi ESG (ang. Environmental, Social, Governance). Przedmiotem analizy są spółki wchodzące w skład indeksu RESPECT, co sugeruje, że ich wyniki ESG powinny być wysokie z racji przynależności do tego indeksu. Celem opracowania jest zatem zweryfikowanie poglądu dotyczącego wysokich wyników ESG spółek z indeksu RESPECT. Do analizy wykorzystano dane z bazy ASSET4 ESG firmowanej przez Thomson Reuters, jednego z głównych światowych dostawców informacji, zarówno dla przedsiębiorstw, specjalistów, jak i naukowców. Zaprezentowana analiza wyników ESG uzyskanych przez spółki wchodzące w skład indeksu RESPECT wskazuje na duże różnice w wynikach między danymi podmiotami, mimo że po spółkach mających spełniać najwyższe standardy związane z odpowiedzialnością można było spodziewać się mniejszych różnic i lepszych rezultatów.
Analiza ESG spółek z indeksu RESPECT – podsumowanie badań
Authors: Sikacz Hanna , Wołczek Przemysław
Published: January 2018

Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi podsumowanie badań związanych z analizą ESG spółek wchodzących w skład RESPECT Index. Celem artykuł jest dokonanie oceny porównawczej informacji pozyskanych z dwóch baz danych: ASSET4 ESG i Thomson Reuters Eikon oraz na podstawie tych informacji przeprowadzenie analizy wyników ESG przedsiębiorstw z indeksu RESPECT. Analiza ma odpowiedzieć na pytanie czy spółki z przedmiotowego indeksu to rzeczywiście podmioty, które w najwyższym stopniu spełniają wymagania w zakresie zarządzania czynnikami środowiskowymi, społecznymi i ładu organizacyjnego. Przedstawione w artykule rezultaty badań wskazują na pewne rozbieżności w wynikach ESG uzyskanych przez spółki. Wyniki ESG pozyskane z bazy ASSET4 ESG są korzystniejsze dla analizowanych spółek. Należy podkreślić, że kwalifikacja danego przedsiębiorstwa do indeksu spółek społecznie odpowiedzialnych nie powinna budzić żadnych wątpliwości. Tymczasem, pomimo różnic występujących w wynikach ESG między analizowanymi bazami, okazało się, że do X edycji indeksu RESPECT dostały się spółki z bardzo niskimi wyniki, co rodzi zastrzeżenia do procesu doboru spółek do przedmiotowego indeksu.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SITUATION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN POLAND – ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Wioletta Wereda  , Dariusz Prokopowicz
Published: January 2018

Families in Poland run households with significantly lower disposable income compared to families in Western European countries. The level of family consumption in Poland in recent years is approaching the EU average, while the level of financial savings is still five times lower than the average. In Poland for many years the relatively low incomes have been achieved by families with many children. Similar relationships exist in the area of housing and household appliances in durable goods. In recent years, after the global financial crisis in 2008, the global and domestic economy began to improve steadily. At the same time the income situation of families in Poland has also started to improve. In addition, the Family 500 Plus program was launched in April 2016 as a key instrument of social family policy in Poland.
Poziom i zakres wsparcia upowszechniania postępu biologicznego w produkcji roślinnej w ramach działań Agencji Rynku Rolnego
Authors: Wicki Ludwik
Published: January 2018

Wzrost produktywności roślin jest uzyskiwany głównie poprzez postęp w hodowli odmian. Z tego powodu wykorzystanie nasion kwalifikowanych w produkcji jest bardzo ważne, a realizowany program ma doprowadzić wyższego poziomu zużycia nasion kwalifikowanych. Celem opracowania jest ocena poziomu i zakresu wsparcia upowszechniania kwalifikowanego materiału siewnego w Polsce w ramach działania Agencji Rynku Rolnego oraz określenie przestrzennego jego zróżnicowania. Analizą objęto cały okres realizacji działania, czyli lata 2007-2016. Stwierdzono, że wsparcie do obejmowało prawie całą podaż kwalifikowanego ziarna zbóż oraz sadzeniaków ziemniaka w Polsce i dotyczyło około ponad 1 mln ha rocznie, w tym średnio 14% powierzchni zasiewów zbóż i 10% powierzchni produkcji ziemniaków. Korzystanie z programu było silnie zróżnicowane regionalnie. W regionach o wyższym poziomie rozwoju rolnictwa objęto nim ponad 10% gospodarstw i 20% powierzchni zasiewów. W regionach ze słabym i rozdrobnionym rolnictwem było to tylko 1% gospodarstw i około 4% powierzchni zasiewów. Zainteresowanie wdrażaniem postępu biologicznego w warunkach rozdrobnionego rolnictwa utrzymuje się na niskim poziomie, a oferowane wsparcie nie było skuteczne.
THE IMPACT OF NORMALIZATION PROCEDURES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS COMPANIES LISTED ON THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Monika Zielińska-Sitkiewicz
Published: January 2018

One of the stages of the comparative analysis of multivariate objects is the data normalization. There are many procedures of the normalization of the variables described in the literature. The choice of the normalization method is one of the most crucial steps for the researchers as it has a profound effect on the results of the analysis. The main goal of the present study is to examine the sensitivity of the result of linear ordering of objects, using three selected normalization methods, in calculating a synthetic taxonomic measure TMAI to create ratings of 15 building materials companies, listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The study was made for the years 2013 and 2014. The conducted study shows that the use of different normalization formulas of variables can cause the change of the results of the companies classification, which does not result neither from the data structure change nor the effectiveness modification of their operations.
Sectoral employment diversification in rural areas across Polish subregions
Authors: Drejerska Nina , Chrzanowska Mariola
Published: January 2018

Agriculture, forestry and fishing have been still a very important part of the labour market. However, the situation is diversified across Polish subregions. The objective of the study is to investigate sectoral employment diversification in rural areas across Polish subregions (NUTS 3). In order to do it, data on the subregional employment structure provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland was used for computation of spatial autocorrelation described by Moran’s statistics. Results of this analysis display for example a cluster of subregions in south-east Poland, where employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing is a significant trend of predominantly rural subregions.
Changes in land use for production of energy crops in Poland
Authors: Wicki Ludwik
Published: January 2018

The goal of the article is to evaluate whether production of modern biofuels in Poland competes with food production. CSO and AMA data have been used in the analysis. The data in question refers to the area of arable land in Poland, yields and livestock as well as renewable energy production structure and quantity and production of biodiesel, bioethanol and agricultural biogas. Data concerning quantity of raw materials used for production of the agricultural biogas have been accessed from AMA. Data for 2005-2016 have been collected. Production of bioenergy based on agricultural raw materials has significantly increased. From 2005 to 2016, it increased from 5 to 42 TJ. Approximately 92% of bioenergy from agricultural sources are bioethanol and biodiesel produced from the first generation of raw materials, the production of which is in direct competition with food production. The share of biogas was 8% only. Waste constituted 75% in the raw materials used to produce biogas. The area of production of energy crops has reached 5.6% of arable land in 2016 from 1.5% in 2005. It means that in Poland production of bioenergy from agricultural sources competes with food and feed production and its further increase is not desirable. Actions focused on the increased use of the second generation raw materials for energy production and decreased use of food raw materials should be taken.
Dystrybucja produktów dla rolnictwa w Polsce – w poszukiwaniu nowych źródeł przewagi konkurencyjnej
Authors: Pokojski Zenon
Published: January 2018

Do 2004 r. dystrybucję produktów dla rolnictwa w Polsce uważano za stosunkowo słabo rozwiniętą na tle innych krajów Europy. Wskazywano dużą liczbę małych przedsiębiorstw prowadzących dystrybucję, których strategie opierały się głównie na konkurencji cenowej. Jednak ta sytuacja po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej zaczęła się szybko zmieniać. Liczba podmiotów zaczęła się zmniejszać, a dystrybutorzy zaczęli przejmować funkcje hurtowników oraz detalistów. Model biznesowy dystrybucji w Polsce wciąż ewoluuje, dostosowując się do dynamiki zmian oczekiwań klientów. Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie zmian w dystrybucji jako ogniwa rolniczego łańcucha wartości. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury, danych z raportów SM GP i Ibris za lata 2014 i 2015 oraz obserwacji uczestniczącej autora jako wiceprezesa zarządu GA Puławy nadzorującego omawiany obszar przedstawiono nowe aspekty w działalności dystrybutorów takie jak usługi doradztwa rolnego i organizację finansowania działalności gospodarczej rolników.
Ocena warunków przewozu i dobrostanu tuczników w transporcie lokalnym
Authors: Tereszkiewicz Krzysztof , Kusz Dariusz , Molenda Piotr
Published: January 2018

Celem opracowania była ocena warunków transportu i dobrostanu tuczników oraz oszacowanie ekonomicznych strat transportowych w zależności od odległości transportu i wielkości rocznej skali produkcji tuczników. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2014-2015 metodą ankiety bezpośredniej. Materiał badawczy stanowiły dane opisujące 120 operacji transportowych, w których trakcie do uboju przewieziono łącznie 4300 tuczników. Z badań własnych wynika, że zwierzęta były przewożone zarówno pojazdami specjalistycznymi, jak i adaptowanymi środkami transportowymi, głównie agregatami rolniczymi. Pojazdy specjalistyczne częściej wykorzystywano w transporcie na większe odległości i z gospodarstw o większej rocznej skali produkcji tuczników. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały liczne przypadki przekroczenia dopuszczalnych norm obsady tuczników w czasie transportu, głównie w transportach realizowanych od największych producentów. Najwyższe straty ekonomiczne wynikające z obniżenia dobrostanu tuczników w przeliczeniu na jedno transportowane zwierzę odnotowano w przewozach na najdłuższym dystansie oraz z gospodarstw o największej skali produkcji.
Wybrane zagadnienia przewozu zwierząt i ich załadunku w gospodarstwie w ocenie rolników
Authors: Grontkowska Anna , Gębska Monika
Published: January 2018

W artykule zaprezentowano opinie rolników dotyczące wybranych zagadnień związanych z załadunkiem zwierząt w gospodarstwie i ich transportem. Badania przeprowadzono z użyciem kwestionariusza ankiety w 2017 r. w 68 gospodarstwach, głównie utrzymujących bydło i trzodę chlewną. Rolnicy deklarowali częstsze wykorzystywanie specjalistycznych pojazdów do transportu zwierząt, należących do firm świadczących takie usługi (przewóz głównie do uboju) niż realizowanie przewozu zwierząt własnymi środkami transportu przez rolnika. Zdaniem respondentów, pomoc przy załadunku zwierząt była świadczona głównie przez rodzinę i kierowców pojazdów przewożących zwierzęta. Przy załadunku najczęściej stosowano rampy różnego rodzaju, głównie samochodowe z użyciem pełnych osłon bocznych (rzadziej windy), oraz różne urządzenia wspomagające przemieszczanie zwierząt. Załadunek przeważnie odbywał się w ciszy, chociaż odnotowano zróżnicowanie między załadunkiem trzody chlewnej a bydła. Świnie znacznie częściej wydawały głośne odgłosy. Nakłanianie zwierząt do ruchu przeważnie odbywało się głosem. W zakresie zainteresowania rolników losem zwierząt po ich wyjeździe z gospodarstwa odnotowano wyraźne zróżnicowanie.
Dehydrogenaze polymorphism as a tool for early selection of low vigour rootstock for sweet and sour cherry
Authors: Colic Slavica , Rakonjac Vera , Nikolic Dragan , Fotiric-Aksic Milica
Published: January 2018

The correlation of dehydrogenase isoenzyme profile with plant/tree vigour of
twenty genotypes belonging to the genus Prunus and the subgenus Cerasus as
well as to four commercial rootstocks (Colt, Gisela 5, Gisela 6 and MaxMa 14)
was investigated in this study. Principal component analysis was applied for
the classification of the cherry rootstocks based on vigour traits and
polymorphism of isoenzymes in order to determine the most useful
dehydrogenase enzyme in the preselecting process of cherry rootstocks. The
most influential variables which led to the separation of low vigorous
genotypes from other genotypes were isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate
dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Since both significant and
negative correlations were observed between tree vigour and malate
dehydrogenase, as well as between tree vigour and phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase, those systems can be used for early selection of low vigour
rootstocks. Our results suggest that the association between low vigour and
malate dehydrogenase genotype ab provides a convenient marker that can be
characterised even at the seedling stage, and could be applied in early
rootstock selection and breeding programmes.
Feeding frequency and feeding regime in catfish: Effects on nutrient utilization, growth, biochemical and haematological parameters
Authors: Aderolu Ademola , Lawal Muyideen , Eziefula Paul , Ahaiwe Emeka
Published: January 2018

This study investigated growth, nutrient utilization, biochemical and
haematological parameters of catfish fingerlings under varying feeding
frequencies and regimes. Eight fish were put under different treatments; T
(1-8) in triplicates. Fish were bulk weighed at the beginning of the
experiment and on a weekly basis for 10 weeks. Significant effects (p<0.05)
were recorded in mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed
conversion ratio (FCR) across treatments. The control (T1) had the highest
MWG (202.92?4.68) and SGR (4.24?0.05) while the lowest values were recorded
in T4 (82.60?15.63 and 3.05?0.23 respectively). The best value for FCR was
recorded in T6 (0.20?0.02), which differed significantly (p<0.05) from other
treatments except T2. Significant differences (P<0.05) were shown in
haemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The highest value
for Hb was recorded in T6 (10.8?0.3) and the lowest value in T8 (7.6?0.3).
The utmost value for ESR was recorded in T8 (43.5?2.1) while the least value
was observed in T6 (19.0?4.2) and no significant differences (P>0.05) were
recorded in both PCV and WBC. The blood protein, albumin, creatine, urea,
cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein did not show
significant differences (P>0.05) across treatments. Aspartate
aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase did not show significant
differences (P>0.05) in values, while there was a reduction in values of
chloride, potassium and sodium with a decrease in the number of feeding days.
Results from this study confirmed that satiation feeding, two to three times
daily, would enhance growth indices in C. gariepinus fingerlings.
Attitudes of farmers to extension trainings in Nigeria: Implications for adoption of improved agricultural technologies in Ogun state southwest region
Authors: Kazeem Aromolaran , Dare Akerele , Olalekan Oyekunle , Abiodun Sotola , Komolafe Taiwo
Published: January 2018

In Africa, the outcome of development research is enormous and its
dissemination has had a huge impact, especially in Nigeria for the last few
decades. This impact is observable in the adoption of innovation by farmers
with the aim of transforming agricultural production. To enhance adoption,
training of the farmers is required. However, the attitude of farmers
towards training could influence their decision on the uptake of
agricultural innovation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether
the attitude of cassava farmers to training on selected improved
agricultural technologies can substantially influence adoption of the
technologies. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample
size for this study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and
inferential statistical tools. The findings showed that only a few (37.5%)
of the farmers had a favourable attitude towards extension training with
64.25% of them having a low level of adoption of the technologies. While
farmers? attitude towards training exerted a positive, howbeit minuscule
influence on technology adoption, the perception of farmers about
constraints to training on technologies had a stronger influence. Factors
with a significant negative influence on adoption include, among others,
diversification into non-farm occupations and age of farmers. Although the
study admits that stimulating favourable attitudes is important for
innovation adoption, it maintains that substantial rates of adoption will
only be achieved if constraints to trainings on agricultural technology
adoption are addressed from the farmers? perspective and if agricultural
production becomes attractive enough to hold farmers within the sector.
Preparation, dielectric and conductivity studies of LiNi1-xMgxO2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Murali Nandigam , Veeraiah Valaparla
Published: January 2018

A layered structure cathode materials LiNi1-xMgxO2 (where x = 0.0 and 0.02)
were prepared by solid state reaction from Li2CO3, MgO and NiO. The thermal
analysis of the precursor materials up to 750?C showed the weight loss of
about 30%. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the synthesized samples
confirmed the presence of ?-NaFeO2 structure with the rhombohedral-hexagonal
symmetry (space group, R?3m) and no evidence of any impurities. The peaks
intensity ratio I003/I104 increased with Mg concentration, which indicates
the cation mixing within transition metal layer and lithium layer. The
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of two broad
vibrational bands between 400 and 1000 cm-1 and corresponding bands for the
3a and 3b octahedral sites of LiO6 and MO6 units. The scanning electron
microscopy analyses showed that the prepared samples have porous and
relatively uniform distribution of grain sizes in the range 0.4-3?m. The
complex impedance spectroscopy studies of the samples sintered at 850?C were
done in the frequency range from 42Hz to 1MHz with temperature variation from
30 to 100?C. The results revealed that the total electrical conductivity
increases with temperature and frequency and at 100?C it is 7.06?10-6 and
9.00?10-6 S/cm for the LiNiO2 and LiNi1-xMgxO2 materials, respectively. The
obtained relatively high conductivity and low dielectric constant confirmed
that the prepared ceramics can be used as cathode materials for Li-ion
batteries.
A comparative study on the electrical and gas sensing properties of thick films prepared with synthesized nano-sized and commercial micro-sized Fe2O3 powders
Authors: Mirzaei Ali , Bonyani Maryam , Torkian Shahab , Feizpour Mahdi , Bonavita Anna , Leonardi Salvatore , Neri Giovani
Published: January 2018

In this work, Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by
Pechini sol-gel method. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron
microscopy and X-ray diffraction characterizations were used to study the
morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized products. The electrical
and gas sensing behaviour of the synthesized and commercial Fe2O3 samples,
prepared in the form of thick films, were studied. Though the commercial
Fe2O3 powders had lower resistance but it was found that the synthesized
Fe2O3 NPs had better gas sensing properties. The underlying mechanisms are
discussed in details. The present findings show advantages of Fe2O3 NPs over
micro-size particles for gas sensing applications.
Effect of Zr addition on structure and electrical properties of SmFeO3 prepared by solid state reaction method
Authors: Abdalla Abdalla , Hossain Shahzad , Petra Pg. , Azad Abul
Published: January 2018

Series of Sm1-xFe1-3xZr3xO3 (SFZO, where x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.033, 0.05,
0.1 and 0.15), was synthesised by the solid state reaction method and
sintered at 1500?C in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the structure of the materials.
The XRD results indicated that the pure SmFeO3 and Sm0.99Fe0.97Zr0.03O3
samples are single phase materials with an orthorhombic symmetry and Pbnm
space group. The increase of Zr content (x ? 0.02) causes a phase change
from single to twophase system with orthorhombic (Pbnm) and fluorite
symmetry (Fm?3m). The microstructural analyses showed that the Zr4+ doping
resulted in an increase of porosity in the sintered SFZO compared to SmFeO3
sample. The direct current (DC) electrical conductivity at 850?C in air was
found to be 0.045 S/cm and 0.007 S/cm for Sm0.99Fe0.97Zr0.03O3 and SmFeO3,
respectively, showing a significant enhancement compared to the pure SmFeO3.
Magnesium ferrite nanostructures for detection of ethanol vapours - a first-principles study
Authors: Nagarajan Veerappan , Thayumanavan Arunachalam , Chandiramouli Ramanathan
Published: January 2018

The adsorption behaviour and electronic properties of ethanol vapour on
MgFe2O4 ceramic nanostructures are studied using density functional theory
technique. The structural stability of MgFe2O4 nanostructure is determined
with the help of formation energy. The adsorption behaviour of ethanol
molecules on MgFe2O4 base material is analysed in terms of average energy gap
variation, Mulliken charge transfer, band gap and adsorption energy. The most
prominent adsorption sites of ethanol vapours on MgFe2O4 nanostructure are
investigated at atomistic level. The density of states spectrum reveals the
clear picture about the electronic properties of MgFe2O4 nanostructure. The
density of states and electronic band gap confirmed the adsorption of ethanol
vapours on MgFe2O4 nanostructure. The changes in the energy band gap and
density of states are observed upon adsorption of ethanol vapour molecules on
MgFe2O4 nanostructure. The density of states spectrum also confirms the
changes in peak maxima due to the transfer of electrons between MgFe2O4
nanostructure and ethanol vapours. The adsorption of oxygen atom from ethanol
vapour on iron in MgFe2O4 is found to be more prominent rather than other
adsorption sites. The findings show that MgFe2O4 nanostructure can be
utilized to sense the presence of ethanol vapour in the atmosphere.
Influence of mg doping on structural, optical and photocatalytic performances of ceria nanopowders
Authors: Matovic Branko , Lukovic Jelena , Stojadinovic Bojan , Askrabic Sonja , Zarubica Aleksandra , Babic Biljana , Dohcevic-Mitrovic Zorana
Published: January 2018

Nanosized Mg-doped ceria powders were obtained by self-propagating room
temperature reaction without using surfactants or templates. X-ray
diffraction analysis and field emission scanning microscopy results showed
that the doped samples are solid solutions with fluorite-type structure and
spherical morphology. Raman spectra revealed an increase in the amount of
oxygen vacancies with the increase of Mg concentration. This increasing
results in a narrowing of the bandgap of CeO2. The photocatalytic
performances of the Mg-doped ceria solid solutions were evaluated by
decomposing an organic dye, crystal violet under UV irradiation. The Mg-doped
ceria solid solutions exhibit significantly better photocatalytic activity
than the pure CeO2 and commercial TiO2. The higher first rate constant of the
Mg-doped samples demonstrated that they are much more efficient than TiO2 and
CeO2 under UV light. Mg2+ dopant ions and oxygen vacancies play a significant
role in the enhancement of photocatalytic performances of the Mg-doped ceria.
Adhesion measurement of highly-ordered TiO2 nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Sarraf Masoud , Razak Abdul , Crum Ryan , Gámez Carlos , Ramirez Brian , Kasim Noor , Nasiri-Tabrizi Bahman , Gupta Vijay , Sukiman Nazatul , Basirun Wan
Published: January 2018

Self-assembled nanotubular arrays on Ti alloys could be used for more
effective implantable devices in various medical approaches. In the present
work, the adhesion of TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) on Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) was
investigated by laser spallation and scratch test techniques. At first,
electrochemical anodization was performed in an ammonium fluoride solution
dissolved in a 90:10 ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol) and water solvent
mixture. This process was performed at room temperature (23?C) at a steady
potential of 60 V for 1 h. Next, the TiO2 nanotubes layer was heat-treated to
improve the adhesion of the coating. The formation of selforganized TiO2
nanotubes as well as the microstructural evolution, are strongly dependent on
the processing parameters and subsequent annealing. From microscopic
analysis, highly oriented arrays of TiO2 nanotubes were grown by thermal
treatment for 90min at 500?C. Further heat treatment above 500?C led to the
detachment of the nanotubes and the complete destruction of the nanotubes
occurred at temperature above 700?C. Scratch test analysis over a constant
scratch length (1000 ?m) indicated that the failure point was shifted from
247.4 to 557.9 ?m while the adhesion strength was increased from ~862 to
~1814mN after annealing at 500?C. The adhesion measurement determined by
laser spallation technique provided an intrinsic adhesion strength of 51.4MPa
for the TiO2 nanotubes on the Ti64 substrate.
Mechanical properties of hot-pressed SiC-TiC composites
Authors: Kornaus Kamil , Grabowski Grzegorz , Rączka Marian , Zientara Dariusz , Gubernat Agnieszka
Published: January 2018

SiC-TiC composites, with 0, 5, 10 and 20 vol.% of TiC, were sintered by the
hot-pressing technique at temperature of 2000?C under argon atmosphere. SiC
sintering process was activated by liquid phase created by the reaction
between Al2O3 and Y2O3, in which it is possible to dissolve passivating oxide
layers (SiO2 and TiO2) and partially SiC and TiC carbides. Microstructure
observation and density measurements confirmed that the composites were dense
with uniformly distributed components. Differences in thermal expansion
coefficients between SiC and TiC led to complex stress state occurrence.
These stresses combined with the liquid-derived separate phase between grains
boundaries increased fracture toughness of the composites, which ranged from
5.8 to 6.3MPa?m0.5. Opposite to the bending strength, fracture toughness
increased with the TiC volume fraction. By means of simulation of residual
thermal stresses in the composites, it was found that with the increasing
volume fraction of TiC, tensile stress in TiC grains is reduced
simultaneously with strong rise of compressive stresses in the matrix.
Incidence and distribution of leek yellow stripe virus in allium crops in Serbia
Authors: Vucurovic Ivan , Nikolic Dusan , Radovic Nikola , Vucurovic Ana , Ristic Danijela , Krstic Branka , Stankovic Ivana
Published: January 2018

Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) is one of the most frequent and important
viruses in leek and garlic crops worldwide. In Serbia this virus is found
both in leek and garlic, and often at high percentages. During two
consecutive years, 2012 and 2013, a total 92 samples were collected from 11
inspected leek-, garlic- and onion-growing locations and they were analyzed
for the presence of LYSV using DAS-ELISA. LYSV was detected in 31.5% of the
tested samples. In 2012, the presence of LYSV was only detected in leek
plants, and in 55.6% of the tested samples. During 2013, LYSV was detected in
85% of leek and 58.3% of garlic samples. In total, LYSV was detected in 56.4%
of leek samples and 17.1% garlic samples. LYSV incidence was confirmed using
RT-PCR with LYSV specific primers amplifying 1020 bp fragment representing
coat protein and part of nuclear inclusion B genes. Molecular identification
was confirmed by sequencing of two selected isolates, 181-13 (MG242625) from
garlic and 298-13 (MG242624) from leek, and comparing them to the GenBank
sequences of LYSV. Phylogenetic analysis of 55 sequences of LYSV from all
over the world showed some correlation between host plant and geographical
origin of the isolates, forming five separate clades. Two Serbian LYSV
isolates fell into distant clades. The Serbian leek isolate 298-13 of LYSV
belongs to clade B, while isolate 181-13 originating from garlic belongs in
clade E.
Evaluation of reactions of commercial and autochthonous apple cultivars to common diseases in Serbia under natural infection
Authors: Balaz Jelica , Ognjanov Vladislav , Keserovic Zoran , Sucur Aleksandra , Janse Jaap , Popovic Tatjana
Published: January 2018

This study presents the results of a multiple-year evaluation (1991-1996;
2005-2007) of susceptibility of more than 100 apple cultivars to Venturia
inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha and Erwinia amylovora under
agroecological conditions existing in Serbia. Some of the most popular
cultivars were found highly susceptible to V. inaequalis (Cripps Pink, Mutsu,
Gloster 69, Wellspur); while Golden Delicious, Richared, Gala, Cacanska
pozna, Cadel and Jonagold were susceptible; Idared, Granny Smith and Jonathan
moderately susceptible; Lord Lamburne and London Pepping, as well as several
autochthonous cultivars were moderately resistant; and a group of resistant
cultivars included Prima, Priscilla, Williams Pride, Dayton, Enterprise, Gold
Rush, Golden Orange, many of the Re-cultivars (Germany), as well as Baujade,
Selena, Duk?t, Produkta, Topaz, some older cvs. (Worcester Pearmain, Merton
Worcester, James Grieve, Akane, Astilish, Astrachan Red and Discovery), some
Co-op selections (USA) and NS hybrids (Serbia). Regarding powdery mildew,
Idared and Jonathan were highly susceptible; Gala, Akane, Jonagold,
Priscilla, Mutsu, Cacanska pozna, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Cadel and
GoldRush were susceptible; Wellspur, Astrachan Red, Richared, Jonadel, Dayton
and several autochthonous cultivars were moderately susceptible; Lord
Lamburne, Astlisch, Prima, Champagne Reinette, Discovery and many
autochthonous cultivars were moderately resistant; while most Re-cvs.
(Germany), several cultivars from the Czech Republic, some selections from
the USA and UK and most NS hybrids (Serbia) were resistant. Also, some
cultivars showed variable susceptibility depending on location (Williams
Pride, Gloster 69, Baujade and Produkta). E. amylovora was observed only in
2007 and at relatively low intensity (up to 12% infection). The highest
disease severity was observed on cv. Elstar, then Granny Smith, Idared and
Jonagored; while the lowest was found on Red Chief and Hapke apple trees.
A faunistic study of the family Elateridae in Backa, Serbia
Authors: Toscano Bruno , Strbac Pero , Popovic Zorica , Kostic Miroslav , Kostic Igor , Konjevic Aleksandra , Krnjajic Slobodan
Published: January 2018

A faunistic study of the family Elateridae was carried out in Backa, the
north-western district of Vojvodina Province in Serbia, focusing on their
preferred habitats and soil types. The survey included four locations with a
total of 1059 ha, in which 35 species, belonging to 15 genera of Elateridae,
were observed. The frequency of larval and adult forms was 58.94% and 67.40%,
respectively, proving that wireworms are regular residents of the area.
Regarding habitat preferences, it was shown that a majority of Elateridae
species prefer open biotopes and wheat crop, while marsh soil, chernozem and
alluvium were the preferred soil types of wireworms.