bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body mass index inversely associated with bone microarchitecture quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kusuman Kevin , Wiryadana Kadek Adit , Setiawan I Made Buddy , Rante Su Djie To
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The rising prevalence of obesity forces the orthopedist to consider it in fracture risk assessment. Multiple studies have consistently demonstrated that people with obesity have increased bone mineral density (BMD). Although it appears other factors in bone strength may influence the fracture risk, including bone microarchitecture, which recently can be measured by trabecular bone score (TBS). The complex associations between TBS and BMI remain unclear, and some studies show inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand whether increased BMI is associated with lower TBS by indirectly pooling all the available evidence from the published literature.
Methods: A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and other popular journal databases using the terms "trabecular bone score", "body mass index" and the possible synonyms. We extracted the total sample, mean and standard deviation of TBS for patients within each BMI category from the selected literature. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and inverse variant methods to synthesize the pooled effect size (mean difference) for each gender subgroup.
Results: After an initial search and screening of 2399 studies, seven reports published between 2016-2019 were included (five cross-sectional, one cohort, and one randomized clinical trial). These include 2872 samples which were mostly women (2286). One thousand thirty-one samples were with normal BMI, 1124 samples were with overweight BMI, and 717 samples were with obesity. The included studies varied by age group and gender. The between-study heterogeneity with I2 index ranging 0%-76% studies in man showed higher heterogeneity. Compared with normal individuals, those with overweight and obesity had lower TBS with a mean difference of -0.02 (95% CI -0.03 to -0.01) and -0.07 (95% CI, -0.09 to -0.05), respectively. The differences were consistent across gender, although larger differences were found in men.
Conclusion: Individuals with higher BMI have a lower TBS than individuals with normal BMI in a stepwise manner. It suggests that the inclusion of TBS can improve the assessment of fracture risk in obese individuals.
Calf muscle evaluation during rehabilitation after flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer in neglected achilles tendon rupture: A case report
Authors: Subawa I Wayan , Pratama I Putu Arya Agung , Pramana I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Andika
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Neglected achilles tendon rupture is generally defined as a rupture with a delay of more than 4 weeks prior to diagnosis or treatment. Difficulties in management make it one of the challenging problems in orthopedic practice. They have a greater tendency to develop complications and slightly poorer functional outcomes than patients with an acute rupture.
Method: This case report features a case of 30 years old female with 3 months of neglected achilles tendon rupture after landing in the wrong position while playing badminton. The patient complains of continuous pain and inability to move her ankle downward, making walking difficult. On physical examination and CT imaging, we found achiles tendon rupture with significant gap and calf muscle atrophy. The patient was then managed operatively by debridement and tendon repair with flexor halucis longus tendon transfer.
Result: Follow up 3 months post-operative, found a difference in calf muscle circumference in both legs. At the same time, there is still an improvement in active ROM ankle plantarflexion and positive single heel raise test on the affected side. The functional outcome measured by ATRS obtained 80 points, and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scales with a value of 91 points.
Discussion: With several advantages, FHL tendon transfer is the currently used technique for neglected cases of achiles tendon rupture. Despite long immobilization will induce other complications. Good operative techniques and accelerated rehabilitation are still recommended to gain good functional outcomes for the patient.
Modified sitting grinder reduces complaints of musculoskeletal disorders, workload, and increases work productivity of blacksmiths in Tabanan Regency, Bali-Indonesia
Authors: Arjani Ida Ayu Made Sri , Sundari Cok Dewi Widhya Hana , Mastra Nyomam , Mahayana I Made Bulda , Aryasih I Gusti Ayu Made , Marwati Ni Made , Swastini I Gusti Ayu
Published: December 2022

Background: Blacksmith is one of the small industries that is developing in Gubug Village, Tabanan Regency. One of the processes in manufacturing household utensils in the form of small knives, large knives, sickles, and machetes will be faced with a grinder. In this process, the worker holds a vibrating grinder weighing more than 1.5 kg. Working with heavy loads and being exposed to vibration for a long time is an additional burden that will cause musculoskeletal complaints, as well as diseases such as Raynaud's Syndrome, Tenosynovitis, and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in workers. This study aimed to determine the effect of Sitting Grinding Modification on Reducing Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), Workload, and Increasing Work Productivity of Blacksmiths in Gubug Tabanan Village.
Methods: This research is an experimental study with treatment by subject design. The population is 40 people from 10 industries. Sample selection by simple random sampling with a table of random numbers. The minimum number of samples was calculated using the Colton formula to determine the sample size to be 16 people. Data processing and analysis: Descriptive test for subject condition data includes age, weight, height, and body mass index. Normality test was performed on the data; a) physical environment includes air temperature, humidity, and noise), b). musculoskeletal complaints; c) workload; and d) work productivity. Difference test for data on musculoskeletal complaints, workload, and work productivity using parametric statistical tests (different test paired samples t-test at significance level = 0.05) in treatment I and treatment II on data that is normally distributed, and if it is not normal, non-parametric statistical tests were performed (Wilcoxon's difference test at significance level = 0.05).
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 39.00±8.52 years, body weight was 65.31±6.7.57 kg, height was 164.69±4.40 cm and the body mass index was 23.94±2.05. kg/m2. There is no difference in air temperature and humidity, there is a decrease in noise of 0.81%. There was a decrease in musculoskeletal complaints by 0.15%, a decrease in workload by 0.19%, an increase in productivity by 1.06%.
Conclusion: There is a significant decrease between musculoskeletal complaints, workload and noise before and after the use of the seated grinder (p<0.05), and there is a significant increase between work productivity before and after using modified sitting grinder.
PERBANDINGAN EFEK SUPLEMEN BESI PRA-HAMIL DAN SELAMA KEHAMILAN DALAM UPAYA MENURUNKAN ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI PADA WANITA HAMIL DENGAN ANEMIA RINGAN DI BALI
Authors: Seri Ani Luh , Bakta I Made , Suryadhi INT , Agus Bagiada I N
Published: December 2022

Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan wanita hamilterkait dengan tingginya prevalensi dan efek negatifnya terhadap kesehatan. Upayapencegahan telah dilakukan dengan pemberian tablet besi selama kehamilan. Akan tetapihasilnya belum memuaskan. Kegagalan ini mungkin diakibatkan oleh rendahnya bahkankosongnya cadangan besi tubuh sewaktu pra-hamil, terutama di negara sedangberkembang. Oleh karena itu, suplemen besi yang hanya diberikan waktu kehamilantidak cukup untuk mencegah terjadinya ADB. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan a quasiexperimental study pada 99 pasangan baru yang belum hamil yang terdiri atas 47 groupperlakuan dan 52 sebagai group kontrol. Tablet besi (200 mg ferrous sulfate) diberikansejak periode sebelum hamil pada group perlakuan yang dilanjutkan sampai dengan 3bulan kehamilan. Sementara, pada group kontrol diberikan tablet besi dimulai hanya padakehamilan trimester pertama. ADB didasarkan atas konsentrasi hemoglobin dan serumferitin sesuai dengan criteria WHO dan keuntungan pemberian tablet besi didasarkan atasteknik BCR. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pemberian tablet besi pada pra-hamildapat menurunkan prevalensi ADB lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemberian tabletbesi yang dimulai saat kehamilan (0% vs 38.46%, p<0.05). Perbedaan yang signifikanjuga pada rerata serum feritin pada akhir pengamatan yaitu 33.45Â±14.12 ?g/dL padagroup perlakuan dan 19.65Â±8.99 ?g/dL pada group kontrol. Sementara itu, kadarhemoglobin adalah 12.25Â±1.20 g/dL pada group perlakuan dan 10.91Â±0.67 g/dL padagroup kontrol (p<0.05). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tablet besi yang dimulaisaat pra-hamil adalah lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan pemberian tablet besimulai hanya pada kehamilan (BCR >1). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada efeksamping dan kepatuhan pada group perlakuan dan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil-hasil inidapatlah disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tablet besi yang dimulai masa pra-hamil adalahlebih baik dibandingkan dengan pemberian tablet besi yang diberikan hanya pada saatkehamilan. Program ini sangat mungkin diterapkan pada masyarakat karenakepatuhannya adalah baik.
PENGARUH PENYIANGAN DAN SUHU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU KIMIAWI, MIKROBIOLOGIS DAN ORGANOLEPTIK IKAN TONGKOL (Auxis tharzard, Lac)
Authors: Suranaya Pandit I G. , Suryadhi N. T. , Arka I. B. , Adiputra N.
Published: December 2022

Ikan tongkol merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang dikonsumsi masyarakat dan jika dibiarkanpada suhu kamar, maka terjadi proses penurunan mutu menjadi busuk. Ikan yang sudah mengalami prosespembusukan, bila dikonsumsi dapat menimbulkan keracunan (Histamine fish poisoning). Keracunan inidisebabkan oleh kontaminasi bakteri pathogen dengan dekarboksilasi asam amino histidin oleh enzimhistidin dekarboksilase menghasilkan histamin. Bakteri ini banyak terdapat pada anggota tubuh manusiayang tidak higienis, kotoran/tinja, isi perut ikan, insang serta peralatan yang tidak bersih.Penelitian eksperimental dengan pola faktorial, yaitu faktor P adalah faktor penyiangan dengan 2 taraf,tanpa penyiangan dan penyiangan, sedangkan faktor T adalah suhu penyimpanan dengan 3 taraf yaitu suhupenyimpanan 30oC, 15oC dan 0oC.Analisis statistik terhadap mutu kimiawi seperti kadar histamin, kadar total volatil bases (TVB) dantrimetilamin (TMA) menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (P<0,05) pada pengaruh penyiangan dan suhupenyimpanan. Terjadi peningkatan kadar histamin, kadar TVB dan TMA selama penelitian. Selamapenelitian terjadi peningkatan jumlah koloni bakteri, jumlah Coliform, kecuali bakteri Vibrioparahaemolyticus negatif. Perlakuan penyiangan dan suhu penyimpanan 0oC memiliki mutu kimiawi,mikrobiologis terbaik sampai hari ke 10 serta masih diterima panelis.Hubungan antara kadar histamin dengan jumlah bakteri mempunyai hubungan sangat kuat, ditunjukkandengan nilai r ? 0,7 kecuali kadar histamin dengan waktu memiliki hubungan agak lemah r ? 0,5.Keamanan ikan tongkol dengan penerapan teknologi tepat guna berupa tanpa penyiangan danpenyiangan pada suhu 30oC hanya aman untuk dikonsumsi sampai hari ke 0. Perlakuan tanpa penyiangandan suhu penyimpanan 15oC aman sampai hari ke 4, sedangkan dengan penyiangan aman sampai hari ke 6.Untuk perlakuan tanpa penyiangan dan penyiangan dengan suhu penyimpanan 0oC aman sampai hari ke 10.
BODY HEIGHT INCREASED OF NEW STUDENT OF UDAYANA UNIVERSITY 1990 AND 2000
Authors: Arya Sena I Gede , Suyasning HI , Sutjana IDP
Published: December 2022

Changes in body height have been affected by many factors among others genetic,health, hormonal, social economic, exercise, nutrition intake, etc. It was due toimportance physiology parameter to determine growth and nutrition conditioned of thepeople. Income per capita in West Countries higher than Asian includes Indonesian.Some approximates of mean the body height were done on Norwegian and USA isincreasing, up to 13 mm and 10 mm until ten years. Further, the assumption of nutritionintake is increasing for mothers and infant, unanimously increasing of Bali (Indonesian)gross domestic product until 1975 - 1980. So that body height has been increased to nextgeneration. A total of 3.917 subject on 1990, divided in to 2.340 male and 1.577 femaleÂ students and 1.218 subject on 2000 divided in to 525 male and 693 female students. Theresult showed that body height has been increased for male and female 22,1 mm; 19.88mm, respectively.
THE OBSTACLE IN IMPLEMENTATION OF ERGONOMICS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM IN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Sutjana I Dewa Putu
Published: December 2022

Safety and health are the basic rights of the workers and one of the requirement to increased theworkerâ€™s productivity. Beside that safety and health constitute requirement for winning freecompetition in the globalization and Asean Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), World TradeOrganization (WTO) and Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC). So that to followed freetrade competition, safety and health program must be implemented in all working places. Theergonomics, not only increased the healthy and safety of the workers, but also increased theproductivity. If the ergonomics safety and health can be implemented in the enterprises the safetyand health and productivity of the workers will be increased. Although the implementation of theergonomics safety and health principle in the enterprises had been applied and improved thehealthy, safety and productivity of the workers but the implementation in the enterprisesespecially in the small and medium enterprises are still far from expectation. To find out thecauses the observation study had been done during implementation of the ergonomics, safety andhealth program in small and mdium eneterprises in Bali since 1995. There are many obstacleswere found such as: 1) the result of the ergonomics, safety and health implementation still inform of healthy, safety, comfort, efisien and the increases of productivity, but not yet showed inform of money (industrial language); 2) enterprises management took the lower priority to theergonomics, safety and health program in operation of the enterprises; 3) the program of theergonomics safety and health dominan in form of curative action compared with preventive andpromotive; 4) other factors such as less of management and workers knowledge about safety andhealth, limited of capital, less of control and low enforcement of the government. So that theimplementation of the ergonomics safety and health program should be attained the benefit inform of money not only to the workers but also to the enterprises. Control and low enforcementof the governement should be tightening and continued.
PEMBELAJARAN SAINS MELALUI PENDEKATAN ERGONOMI MENGURANGI KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL, KEBOSANAN DAN KELELAHAN SERTA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SD 1 SANGSIT KECAMATAN SAWAN KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Wijana Nyoman , Nala I Gusti Ngurah , Tirtayasa I Ketut , Sutajaya I Made
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan pendekatan ergonomidalam pembelajaran sains antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimenPeranan tersebut dalam hal (1) penurunan keluhan muskuloskeletal siswa SD; (2)penurunan kebosanan; (3) penurunan kelelahan siswa SD; (4) peningkatan motivasibelajar sains; dan (5) peningkatan prestasi belajar sains. Jenis penelitian ini termasukjenis penelitian quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized pre-test and posttestcontrol group design. Pada kelompok kontrol pembelajarannya dengan carakonvensional (tanpa PE) dan kelompok eksperimen dengan PE. Pengambilan sampeldilakukan secara random. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan uji t Group dengan taraf signifikansi 5 %. Simpulan dari penelitian iniadalah (1) pendekatan ergonomi dapat menurunkan keluhan muskuloskeletal siswa SD,baik akibat penggunaan meja belajar dan tempat duduk siswa serta akibat penggunaantas punggung, antara kelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpamenggunakan pendekatan ergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalampembelajarannya dengan menggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Penurunan keluhanmuskuloskeletal akibat penggunaan meja dan tempat duduk siswa sebesar 42,54(99,88%) dan penurunan keluhan muskuloskeletal akibat penggunaan tas punggungsebesar 47,97 (99,83%); (2) pendekatan ergonomi dapat menurunkan kebosanan siswaSD, antara kelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpa menggunakanpendekatan ergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalam pembelajarannyadengan menggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Penurunan kebosanannya adalah sebesar 18,73(26,40%); (3) pendekatan ergonomi dapat menurunkan kelelahan siswa SD, antarakelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpa menggunakan pendekatanergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalam pembelajarannya denganmenggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Penurunan kelelahannya adalah sebesar 30,78 (73,76%);(4) pendekatan ergonomi dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar sains pada siswa SD,antara kelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpa menggunakan pendekatanergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalam pembelajarannya denganmenggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa adalah sebesar 14,65(65,81%); (5) pendekatan ergonomi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar dalam bidangsains pada siswa SD, antara kelompok kontrol yang dalam pembelajarannya tanpamenggunakan pendekatan ergonomi (PE) dengan kelompok eksperimen yang dalampembelajarannya dengan menggunakan PE (p < 0,05). Peningkatan prestasi belajarsiswa di bidang sains adalah sebesar 12,72 (33,70%). Dapat disarankan bahwaÂ pembenahan di dunia pendidikan hendaknya tidak bersifat partial akan tetapi dilakukansecara multidisipliner.
ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION OF HOUSES TYPE 36/120 SAVES ELECTRICITY AND INCREASES COMFORT OF OCCUPANTS IN NUANSA KORI HOUSING SADING MENGWI BADUNG
Authors: Parwata I Wayan , Manuaba Adnyana , Adiputra Nyoman , Sutjana IDP
Published: December 2022

Development of the housing sector has now spread to the suburban areas ofDenpasar; even some rural areas in Bali have become targets of housingdevelopers. Designing and arranging of houses through ergonomic interventioncomprises one of several efforts for improving the housesâ€™ quality in terms oftheir natural comfort. The ergonomic intervention should meet such criteria as tobe technically applicable, less costly, energy saving especially that of electricity,socio-culturally convenience, and environment friendly. This experimental studybeing reported applied a treatment by subject design, in which eight houses wereselected as sample, located in the housing complex of Perumahan Nuansa KoriSading Mengwi Badung. Of the eight sampled houses, each two houses facednorth, south, east and west, respectively. Twenty six occupants of the eightsampled houses were interviewed using a questionnaire. All samples wereselected by stratified random sampling. The ergonomic intervention comprisedremodeling of ventilation and windows of all the sampled houses. Data collectingof objective comfort was carried out before and after intervention i.e. at 8 am, 10am, 12 pm, 2 pm, 4 pm and 8 pm, by measuring temperature, humidity, lightintensity, and airflow. Data of subjective comfort were collected by questionnaire,which had been tested earlier for its validity and reliability. The results showedthat (1) before intervention the average of wet temperature was 23.66 Â± 1.36 ÂºC,after intervention was 23.09 Â± 1.20 ÂºC; (2) before intervention the average of drytemperature was 28.76 Â± 1.07 ÂºC, after intervention was 27.88 Â± 0.73 ÂºC; (3)relative humidity before intervention was 73.44 Â± 4.37 %, after intervention was72.63 Â± 2.73 %; (4) natural light intensity before intervention was 134.94 Â± 71.69lux, after intervention was 229.69 Â± 114.53 lux; (5) the average of airflow beforeintervention was 0.10 Â± 0.04 m/sc, after intervention was 0.31 Â± 0.08 m/sc; and(6) electricity saving resulted in 11% as evidenced by decrease of electricity billby 8%. The conclusions could be arawn are (1) that ergonomic intervention byremodeling ventilation and windows of houses type 36/120 could improveobjective comfort by 12.4% (p<0.05), along with increase of subjective comfort ofthe occupants of the houses facing all directions; dan (2) moreover, electricitysaving resulted in 11% (p<0.05) as evidenced by decrease of electricity bill by 8%(p<0.05). This study suggests that ergonomic intervention should be applied sinceearly in the construction of houses in order to make them cheaper, healthier, andmore comfortable.
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF ELISA TEST USING 30 KDA RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN TO DETECT Toxoplasma gondii INFECTION IN PIG WITH MICE BIOASSAY AS A GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Adi Suratma Nyoman , Bakta I Made , Damriyasa I Made
Published: December 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii.Primary infection in pregnant women can cause abortion, neonatal death or abnormalityof fetus. Accurate diagnosis is needed to prevent infection especially related to thepresence of cyst in the tissuesThe aim of this research was to study sensitivity and specificity of ELISAmethod with 30 kDa protein antigen to detect T.gondii infection in pig with micebioassay as gold standard.. Samples were 171 pigs slaughtered at pig slaughter house inDarmasaba BadungThe result showed that sensitivity of ELISA method was 100% and 90,7% inspecificity.Research about sensitivity using ELISA test to predict cysts presence in tissuewere needed in the future.
IMPROVEMENT OF WORK QUALITY BY APPLYING ERGONOMIC APPROACH INCREASES PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL PORTERS IN BADUNG MARKET DENPASAR
Authors: Hutagalung Robert , Manuaba A , Nala I Gusti Ngurah , Sutjana I Dewa Putu
Published: December 2022

Female traditional porters work every evening at Badung market from 7 pm to3.30 am. Age interval of the porters is 18 â€“ 40 years. The weight of goods carried by asingle porter is 60 â€“ 100 kilograms plus 1-2 kilograms of the basketâ€™s weight, carriedon the head. The distance of each porting activity is 100 meters. From ergonomicconcept, the burden is excessive and may cause injuries such as damage ofintervertebral discs, pain, excessive fatigue and head and neck muscles disorder. Thesymptoms are more obviously seen in those over 40 years old for most of them are notvery capable of working, even some of them need medical treatment. To overcome thisnon-ergonomic work condition, a work quality improvement was carried out to 11sampled porters, including work position, method, carrying weight and equipmentdesign in order to improve the unnatural work position and to give chance to them tohave an active rest as well as to alter the static work system to be more dynamic.Results of this study were: (1) average of pressure force on L5/S1 before improvementwas 7,967.65 Â± 66.78 N and after improvement was 2,983.26 Â± 16.63 N; (2) average ofmusculoskeletal complaints before improvement was 61.07 Â± 0.72 and afterimprovement was 42.76 Â± 1.21; (3) fatigue average before improvement was 77.44 Â±3.93 and after improvement was 50.36 Â± 2.21; (4) pulse rate average beforeimprovement was 150.61 Â± 1.06 pulses/minute and after improvement was 119.51 Â±1.39 pulses/minute; and (5) average productivity before improvement was 1.78 x 10-2 Â±0.01 x 10-2 and after improvement was 2.24 x 10-2 Â± 0.03 x 10-2. The results analysisshowed that improvement of work quality by applying ergonomic approach coulddecrease the pressure force on L5/S1 of 60.94 % (p<0.05), musculoskeletal complaintsof 29.99 % (p<0.05), level of fatigue by 34.97 % (p<0.05) and work load by 42.59 %(p<0.05), as well as could increase the work productivity to 26.04 % (p<0.05).Therefore, it is conclused that the improvement of work quality by applying ergonomicapproach increases performance of traditional porters.
INTERLEUKIN -2 ( IL-2 ) AND GAMMA INTERFERON ( IFN Î³ ) OF LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE SUPERNATANT IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA PATIENTS WITH INFECTION
Authors: Suega Ketut , Bakta I M , Sudewa D. AAG , Suata Ketut
Published: December 2022

Iron is an essential nutrient for every living cells because of it role as molecule fortransport of oxygen, as well as DNA synthesis through synthesis of ribonucleotidereductase. Iron deficiency anemia patients, especially pregnant women and children aremore susceptible to infection because of deterioration of their immune response. This wassupported by findings of decreased in phagocytic activities of white blood cells and Tcelllymphocyte proliferation impairment. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients alsoaffect working capacities hence diminishing working outcomes. Although the underlyingmechanism of immune defect in iron deficiency anemia is not clearly understood,multifactor events considered play their contributing roles such as abnormality ofribonucleotide reductase enzym, impairment of T-cell proliferation and activities, alteredcytokine production of IL-2 and IFNÎ³ .The study was done to asses the relationship of IL-2 and gamma IFN withinfection in IDA patients on lymphocyte culture supernatant of IDA patients. Study wasconducted on cross-sectional analytic design. Sixty-four iron deficiency anemia patientstreated in Sanglah General Teaching Hospital were recruited, and 31 (48.4%) out of 64IDA patients were man and 33 (51.6%) women, have been selected for the study. Thisstudy found 17 (26.7%) IDA patients with infection, aged 38 Â± 14.48 years and 47(73.3%) IDA patients without infection, with age average of 40.5 Â± 14.4 years. Allvariables of data characteristics examined did not indicate any statistical significantdifference between group of IDA patients with infection and those without infection. Theaverage level of hemoglobin between the two groups did not differ statistically. Similarresult was obtained if samples were differentiated into severe (Hb< 7g/dl) and mildanemia. The study also revealed that there were no differences of cytokine level observedbetween older and younger age (upper and below 44.5 years) in IDA patients withinfection and without infection. Furthermore, no differences of cytokine level were foundbased on gender between IDA male 10.9 (8.60 â€“ 12,65) (pg/l) patients and IDA femalepatients 10.6 (7.50 â€“ 13.43) (pg/l) with Z -0.490, p =0.624. Nevertheless, significantdifferences were noted between supernatant of IL-2 and IFNÎ³ in IDA patients withinfection when compared to IDA patients without infection (Z= - 2.509, p= 0.012 forsupernatant IL-2; and Z= -2.569, p= 0.010 for supernatant IFNÎ³ ).The study conclusion is that level of IL-2 and IFNÎ³ from lymphocyte culturesupernatant of patient suffered from IDA with infection is significantly lower whencompared to IDA patient without infection. It therefore summarized that lower level ofIL-2 and gamma IFN in patients suffered from iron deficiency impaired their immuneÂ response to certain infections therefore this findings support the theory that IDA patientsmore susceptible to get infected.
SEXUAL ABSTINENCE AND IMMOBILISATION STRESS DECREASED NITRATE + NITRITE CONCENTRATION AND INCREASED NECROTIC OF PENILE CORPUS CAVERNOSUM SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF ADULT MALE MICE
Authors: Karmaya I.N. Mangku , I. Pangkahila Wimpie , Pangkahila J. Alex
Published: December 2022

Sexual intercourse in adult people is not only related to reproduction,recreation and better relation but also for maintaining good health. Regular andfrequent sexual intercourse has protective role for cardiovascular disease, malignancyand often related with longevity. On the contrary less frequent sexual intercourse isoften correlated to early death and reproductive organ disorders. One main factorwhich involve in any process related to sexual intercourse is nitric oxide. Thisresearch aims to know the declination of total nitrate and nitrite concentration as themain oxidation product of nitric oxide and necrosis of the endothelial and smoothmuscles of corpus cavernosum after three month sexual intercourse abstinence andstress immobilization.By randomized pretest-posttest control group design, the research wasconducted in adult male mice (Mus musculus) which were divided into four groups.each consisted of seven mice. One group as a control and the other three wereexposed to sexual abstinence, immobilization stress and the combination of sexualabstinence and immobilization stress in three months period. The investigation wascarried out to the penile total nitrate and nitrite concentration and the histologicalchanges of the middle part of the penile shaft. To know the degree of lesion then thecalculation of the histologic features was done in five view fields of every preparat.The result was compared to control group.In this research, the mean of total nitrate and nitrite decline and the lowest wasfound in the combine intervention groups with significance level p < 0,005. Thecorpus cavernosum in the intervention groups showed multifocal necrosis onendothelial and smooth muscle cells of corpus cavernosum with picnotic nuclei,irregular form and dark colour. Some muscle cells are lysis. These features werefound in three among seven samples in sexual abstinence group, two among sevensamples in immobilization stress group and in all samples of combined interventiongroup.Conclusions can be drawn from this research are that the sexual abstinence,immobilization stress and the combine interventions decline the nitrate and nitriteconcentrations and induce endothelial and smooth muscle cells necrosis of the copuscavernosum.
THE ROLE OF INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-Î± (TNF-Î±), AND INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) ON HYPERGLYCEMIA IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS
Authors: Wiryana Made , Suastika Ketut , Bagianto Hari , Bakta Made
Published: December 2022

Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patientsin the ICU, although they have not previously had diabetes. It has been reportedthat pronounced hyperglycemia may lead to complications in such patients, andcause the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, although controlled trial dataare still lacking. The current debatable issue, focusing on whether the intensiveinsulin therapy, aimed at normalizing blood glucose, may improve patientsâ€™prognosis. Then, the debate is mainly about the time to start the therapy,and target of blood glucose level. Therefore, this research is mainly designed andaimed at knowing the difference between intensive insulin therapy andconventional insulin therapy on the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD),decrease of cytokine production (TNF-Î± and IL-6), increase of albumin level, andevent of SIRSThis study was carried out in a randomly pre and post-test control groupdesign, involving 40 adult patients being nursed through the ICU Sanglah hospitalDenpasar. They were randomly assigned to receive intensive insulin therapy, inwhich blood glucose was decreased and maintained at the level between 80-110mg/dl, or conventional insulin therapy in which the insulin was infused only if theblood glucose level exceeded 215 mg/dl, decreased and maintained then at thelevel between 180-200 mg/dl.The result of the study showed that there was (1) significant increase ofSOD mean level (370. 70 vs 98.50 U/gHb, p=0.001); (2) no significant decreaseof TNF-Î± mean level; (3) significant decrease of IL-6 mean level (10.26 vs 2.25;p=0.023); (4) significant increase of albumin mean level ( 0.62 vs 0.22); (5)significant decrease of SIRS (10 % vs 40 %, p=0.000) on intensive insulin therapygroup compared to conventional insulin therapy group. It can be concluded thatintensive insulin therapy could maintain blood glucose level between 80 â€“ 110mg/dl, increase SOD level, decrease IL-6 level, increase albumin level, anddecrease SIRS on hyperglycemia in critically ill ICU patients.
â€œTEMPEâ€ REDUCES DNA DAMAGE IN RATS IRRADIATED WITH ULTRAVIOLET RAY
Authors: Maryam Siti , Sudewa Djelantik A. A. Gde , Agus Bagiada I Nyoman , Mantik Astawa Nyoman
Published: December 2022

â€˜Tempeâ€™ is a popular Javanese-Indonesian tradisional food made of fermentedsoyabean. This study aims to examine whether â€˜tempeâ€™, used as a strong anti-free,has the ability to decrease DNA damage induced by ultraviolet ray irirradiation inthe Wistar rats as indicated by the levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine.A Total of 24 Wistar rats, 2.5 to 3 mounths and 200 gr body weight, weredividing into 4 groups of equal size i.e. three treatment and one control groups.All rats were exposed to 5-hours daily UV ray sources of UV 15 watt Philip for 60days. Randomized post test only control group design was used in this study withindependent variables of 0, 1, 2 and 3 g â€˜tempeâ€™ per kilogram body weight per dayand independent variables of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine urinary level as aDNA damage biomarker following an oxidative stress. Data were analyzed byusing one way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD.The results of our study indicates that there is a decrease of DNA damageis manifested by progressive decrease of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine level in thetreatment groups as compared to the control group. Statistically significantdecrease of 22.61 % and 25.62 % was shown with p > 0.05.From our analysed data is could be inferred that â€˜tempeâ€™ has the ability todecrease DNA damage caused by ultraviolet ray irradiation. Supplementation of2 g â€˜tempeâ€™ per kilogram body weight per day appeared to have the strongesteffect of decreasing DNA damage in Wistar rats.
EXERCISE REDUCE OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Wagey F. W , Pangkahila A. , Surya I.G.P , Bagiada A
Published: December 2022

Pregnancy is a vulnerable condition to all kinds of "stress", resulting in changes of physiological and metabolic functions. This research aims to determine effect of exercise during pregnancy in reducing oxidative demage marked by decrease of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-diguanosine levels. Randomized pre and posttest control group design was employed in this study. A number of 66 pregnant women were recruited in this study and grouped to two groups, i.e 30 of them as control group and the rest as treatment group. Pregnancy exercise was performed to all 36 pregnant women from 20 weeks gestation on treatment group. The exercise was performed in the morning for about 30 minutes, twice a weeks. On the other hand, daily activities was sugested for control group. Studentâ€™s t-test was then applied to determine the mean different of treatment and control group with 5 % of significant value. This study reveals that there were significantly higher decrease of (MDA) and 8-OHdG about 0.15 nmol/ml and 0.08 ng/ml, respectively, amongs treatment and control groups (p < 0.05). Clinical outcomes, such as strengten of pelvic muscle and quality of life of treatment group were significantly better compared to control group (p < 0.05). This means that exercise during pregnancy ages of 20 weeks decrease MDA and 8-OHdG levels higher compare to control group without exercise.
HYPOALBUMINEMIA: a hospital based study
Authors: P Singh , S Khan , A. H. Siddiqui
Published: December 2022

Hypoalbuminemia occurs in a variety of disease states and is associated with an increased rate of complications during hospitalization, resulting in an increased length of stay. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia in IPD and OPD patients and to see which age group and sex have high prevalence of hypoalbuminemia.Nine hundred forty four patients, attending Nepalgunj medical college and Teaching Hospital, Banke, Nepal from March 2011 to February 2012 were included in this study. The normal reference range for serum albumin was 3.5 â€“ 5.5gm/dL in males and females. Hypoalbuminemia is defined as serum albumin < 3.5 gm/dL. The outcome assessments in the hypoalbuminemia and normal albumin groups were compared. Serum albumin level estimation was done by using the diagnostic reagent kit manufactured by RFCL kit , India. A number of 944 studies were selected, the statistical information of which was collected for systematic analysis.The results showed that the high prevalence of hypoalbuminemia found in males (89.72%) as compare to females(88.12%). The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia is different as the period of age and it increases after 21-40 years and high prevalence seen in after the age of 60. Serum albumin level was low in male as compare to female.
SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS IN MID AND FAR WESTERN REGION IN NEPAL
Authors: S Khan , P Singh , A. H. Siddiqui , M Ansari
Published: December 2022

Hepatitis B is significant health problems that might involve the late sequel of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to know the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in mid and far western region in Nepal with various clinical conditions.This was a retrospective study conducted in mid and far western region in Nepal, which was performed in the Central Laboratory of Microbiology at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Banke, Nepal during the period of September 2010 to April 2012. The serum samples were tested for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) by Sandwich immunoassay. Total 7010 patients including 43.72% male and 56.28% female were tested for HBsAg. Of them, 135 were positive and 6875 were negative.In 135 positive cases 84 (62.22%) were male and 51 (37.77% )were female. In 6875 negative cases 2981 were male and 3894 were female. The seroprevalence rate of HBV was 1.93% in mid and far western region in Nepal. Seroprevalence of HBV seems to be higher in male then the female; it was 2.75% in male and 1.29% in female.The study revealed that the seroprevalence of HBV was alarmingly higher in such a population, which probably reflects a high background prevalence of HBV infections should be taken into consideration and Implementation of community-based preventive measures and improved strategies for safe blood supply might prove useful to decrease the seroprevalence.
DOSE AND SAFETY OF HYPOETES POLYTHYRSA MIQ ETHANOL EXTRACT FOR DISSOLVING RENAL CALCULI: an affordable medication
Authors: K Widana , I G. M. Adioka , D. K. Ernawati
Published: December 2022

Renal calculi develops when the urine contains more crystal-forming substances, such as calcium, uric acid and a compound called oxalate. Most renal calculis are calcium-based, usually in combination with oxalate.Â Hypoetes PolythyrsaÂ Miq has been used empirically to prevent or treat renal calculi. This study aims to identify toxicity or side effect ofÂ Hypoetes PolythyrsaÂ Miq ethanol extract for dissolving renal calculi, therefore this extract can be applied safely and effective for curing renal calculi.An in vitro research with pre-post control group design was conducted at Pharmacy Department Faculty of Medicine Udayana University. In addition, to determine as to whether the extract is safe orally, LD50 test was also conducted using mice strain BALB/c.The results showed that ethanol extract ofÂ Hypoetes PolythyrsaÂ Miq leaves has dissolved renal calculi significantly (Î± <0.05).Â  Five percent of the extract was effectively dissolving calcium stone 3.36 times higher than control positive (BE). It was also proven that an acute LD50Â was achieved at a dose of 0.694 g extract (139% of usual dose). It can be concluded that the use of ethanol extractÂ  per oral in short term therapy is safe.
INTERLEUKIN-1ï¢, INTERLEUKIN-6, AND ANTAGONIST INTERLEUKIN-1RECEPTOR AS MEMORY IMPAIRMENT RISK FACTOR IN COMPLEX PARTIAL EPILEPSY
Authors: Purwa-Samatra D. P. G. , Sudewa-Djelantik A. A. G. , Suastika K.
Published: December 2022

Memory impairment is one of the most common adverse following epilepsy, particularly complexpartial epilepsy. Cytokines physiologically play an important role in memory impairment by preventing long term potentiation process in hypocampus. Several literatures have mentioned that IL-1ï¢, IL-6 and antagonist receptor IL-1Ra are crucial cytokines in complex partial epilepsy. This study aims to find out whether high level of IL-1ï¢ and IL-6 as well as low level of IL-1Ra might be risk factors of memory impairment in complex partial epilepsy patient. This was a case control study, enrolling 30 complex partial epilepsy patients with memory impairment as case group and 30 complex partial epilepsy patients without memory impairment as control group.In this study, it was obtained that the mean of IL-1Î² level in case group was significantly higher compared to the control (2.74 Â± 4.36 vs. 0.42 Â± 0.18 pg/ml, p = 0.007). The mean of IL-6 in case group was significantly higher compare to control (5.89 Â± 6.32 vs. 2.34 Â± 1.80 pg/ml, p = 0.006). The mean of IL-1Ra level of the case group was not significantly higher compared to the control (519.81 Â± 262.64 vs. 413.28 Â± 106.85, p = 0.767). By applying bivariate analysis, McNemarâ€™s test, we observed that IL-1Î² with cut off point 0.63 pg/ml and OR = 70 is a risk factor of memory impairment in complex partial epilepsy indicated by p = 0.001. Similar result was also gained for IL-6 with cut off point 2.87 pg/ml and OR = 4.57 as a risk factor of memory impairment in complex partial epilepsy indicated by p = 0.007. Meanwhile, IL- 1Ra with cut off point 471 pg/ml and OR = 0.727 was not as a risk factor of memory impairment in complex partial epilepsy indicated by p = 0.573.It can be concluded that the high level of IL-1B and IL-6 were the risk factors of memory impairment in complex partial epilepsy patients. High level 1L-1B patient was 70 times higher risk of becoming memory impaired. High IL-6 patients will have the risk nearly 5 times higher. The low level of IL-1Ra does not as a risk factor in epilepsy patients for having the following memory impairment.
GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L. RIND EXTRACT AND PHYSICAL TRAINING REDUCE OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS DURING MAXIMAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Arsana I N. , Adiputra N. , Pangkahila J. A. , Putra-Manuaba I. B.
Published: December 2022

Oxidative stress is a condition of imbalance between the production of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, in which the levels of free radicals higher than antioxidants. One causes of oxidative stress is the maximum physical activity. Oxidative stress can be reduced by antioxidants. One source of antioxidants is mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostanaÂ L). This study aimed to investigate the role of mangosteen rind extract and physical training in reducing Malondialdehyde (MDA, increasing Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx).This study used a randomized block design with factorial pattern of 6 x 2 with four repetitions. The first treatments are mangosteen rind extract with doses; 0, 50, 100; 200; 300, and 400 mg/kg bodyweight/day for four weeks. The second treatments are the physical training consists of; without and with physical training. MDA, SOD and GPx were assessed in the end of treatment. Data were analyzed with GLZ.The results showed that average of MDA, SOD and GPx different significantly (p<0.05) after administration of extracts as well as physical training. Extracts and physical training concurrently also showed effect significant (p<0.05). However, at doses 0 until 300 mg/kg bodyweight, MDA levels more higher while SOD and GPx lower significantly (p<0.05) at training group compared with without training. Whereas at dose 400 mg/kg bw, MDA lower at training (p>0.05), while SOD and GPx were recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher than the group without training.Overall, it could be concluded that physical training with administration of mangosteen rind extract reduce oxidative stress through reduction of MDA, as well as increased both SOD and GPx.
ASSOCIATION OF B-CELL LYMPHOMA PROTEIN-2 AND CASPASE-3 EXPRESSION IN OVARIAN CANCER
Authors: Budiana I N. G.
Published: December 2022

Ovarian cancer remains a major problem of womenâ€™s health in the world, including Indonesia, and is associated with high rates of incidence and mortality. There are many efforts in early diagnosis on ovarian cancer, but until now there have not been found any satisfactory method. On the other hand, knowledge and research in the field of molecular biology become more advance, one of them is a mechanism to control the growth of cells in ovarian cancer through a process of programmed cell death or apoptosis. B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and caspase-3 are proteins that play a role on the mechanism of apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 and their association with ovarian cancer. Materials and method: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. Expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 examined by immunohistochemistry under light microscope with 400x light power field and expression as a negative when the protein expressed in 10% or less of cells and as a positive when the protein expressed in more than 10% of cells. A number of 45 subjects were recruited in this study. Thirthy one of 45 subjects showed the expression of Bcl-2 positive (68.9%), while the positive expression of caspase-3 present in 20 subjects (44.4%). There was a significant association between the expression of Bcl-2 with the expression of caspase-3 in ovarian cancer patients (p=0.002; lambda=0.4). There was also a significant association between stage of disease with expression of Bcl-2 (p=0.002; lambda=0.3) dan expression of caspase-3 (p=0.001; lambda=0.3). Conclusion: It concluded that there is a significant association between the expression of Bcl-2 and the expression of caspase-3 in ovarian cancer.
Lower back pain on computer use on Information and Computer Technics (IT Management) students from STMIK STIKOM University Bali
Authors: Ponusamy Krisna Priya , Sri Handari Adiputra Luh Made Indah , Dinata I Made Krisna , Muliarta I Made
Published: December 2022

Background: Lower back pain is a pain syndrome that occurs in the lower back region as various causes. This disorder is most commonly found among students, especially in those who sit with the wrong body posture.Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine how does using the computer for an extended period causes lower back pain for students and to identify the prevention method of lower back pain because of using that equipment.Methods: This study used cross-sectional design using primary data through questionnaire and interview. The sample population of this research is Information and Computer Technics (IT Management) students in STMIK STIKOM University Bali. Using the entire sampling method yielded 32 samples. Results: There is a significant result of using the computer for a long time and sitting postures toward lower back pain complaints on students in STMIK STIKOM University Bali.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study is still very necessary to give attention and changes on the amount of time using a computer and sitting postures for students to support the health of students.