bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of COVID-19 Incidentally in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for Restaging
of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Seven Bedri , Okudan Berna , Ural Betül , Çapraz Mustafa
Published: April 2022

Background:

A series of pneumonia cases with clinical presentations of viral pneumonia
secondary to new coronavirus and subsequent global transmission arose in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in
December 2019. Several cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described incidentally
in positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose
(FDG) as a result of the pandemic. Herein, we describe the findings of a patient
with unknown COVID-19 in PET/CT with the other radiopharmaceutical, 68Ga-labeled prostatespecific
membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA).

Case Report:

A 69-year-old man had previously undergone radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging was performed due to biochemical recurrence. 68Ga-PSMA uptake in the
prostate bed suggestive of local recurrence was detected in PET/CT images. Also, bilateral groundglass
opacities with slightly increased 68Ga-PSMA uptake were seen in the lungs, suspected of
COVID-19. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test has confirmed the infection.

Conclusion:

Even in asymptomatic patients, nuclear medicine departments must be aware of the possibility
of COVID-19, take appropriate post-exposure procedures, and protect employees and other
patients.
Analysis of Shenhuang Capsule using HPLC: Method Development, Validation, and Application
Authors: Si Yuankai , Huang Yuanqiong , Chen Meijuan , Wu Zhigui , Li Gu , Li Hua , Ge Pei , Liu Huan , Zhang Wenqiang , Xu Yanli
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Shenhuang (SH) capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation
containing rhubarb, coptis, scutellaria, salvia and Pueraria, used for diabetic nephropathy
studied by our research group in the early stage. This study aims to develop the method of qualitative
identification and content determination of the main active ingredients of SH capsules so as
to establish the quality standard.

Methods:

HPLC method was used to determine the contents of rhein, Pueraria, and tanshinone in
SH capsules. The determination method of SH capsules was established through the determination
of specificity, regression equation, precision, repeatability, and recovery. The general quality
standard of SH capsules was established by measuring water content, disintegration time, and microorganism.
The contents of rhein, puerarin, and tanshinone IIA in SH capsules were determined
by HPLC.

Results:

The precision was 1.10–3.00% and the reproducibility and recovery rates were 95.0–
105.7%. The moisture determination, disintegration time, and microorganism examination of SH
capsule were all in line with the standard.

Conclusion:

The stable, feasible, simple, and reliable content determination method was established
through the content determination of SH capsules and the general quality standard test.
Development and Validation of an ELISA to Evaluate Neutralizing Equine Anti Shiga Toxin Antibodies in Preclinical Studies
Authors: Santiago Gonzalo , Yanina Hiriart , Muñoz Luciana , Rey Florencia , Hein Gustavo , Sanguineti Santiago , Zylverman Vanesa , Ortega Hugo H. , Marelli Belkis E.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Shiga-toxin produced by Escherichia coli is a serious worldwide foodborne disease. Nowadays, no treatment is available, only supportive care can be provided, and 50 % of the patients require a period of dialysis. Recently, a therapy based on Neutralizing Equine Anti Shiga Toxin (NEAST) antibodies has been developed. NEAST is composed of F(ab’)2 fragments from equine immunoglobulins.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to develop an ELISA to measure serum concentrations of NEAST in mice and rabbits, and to validate it according to international recommendations. The validated method was further used to analyze the NEAST PK during preclinical studies.

Methods:

A sandwich ELISA was developed, the performance of the calibration curve was assessed, and it was validated based on the parameters as accuracy, precision, specificity, selectivity, stability of the analyte, and dilutional linearity.

Results:

This immunoassay was specific, sensitive, accurate and precise in a dynamic range from 7.81 to 500 ng/mL and from 15.63 to 500 ng/mL for mice and rabbits, respectively. This method was successfully applied to PK studies of NEAST after intravenous administration.

conclusion:

The results obtained are expected for a robust ELISA used for macromolecule analysis. Since NEAST is an equine F(ab′)2, this immunoassay would serve for the evaluation of the PK profile of any biological product based on molecules with similar characteristics. This immunoassay may be useful for current and future preclinical trials conducted for registration purposes.
Development, Testing, and Implementation of the Belgian Patient Reported Experience Measure for Pancreatic Cancer Care (PREPARE) Project: Protocol for a Multi-Method Research Project
Authors: Moens Katrien , Peeters Marc , Van den Bulcke Marc , Leys Mark , Horlait Melissa
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients with pancreatic cancer do not feel involved in the development of their treatment and care plans. In Belgium, these plans are decided on during multidisciplinary team meetings. However, limited time is spent on the discussion of the preferences of the patient during these meetings. This research project aims to develop a patient-reported experience measure (PREM) for pancreatic cancer and assess if its use can support collaborative treatment decision-making.

Objective

This paper aims to outline the protocol for a multi-method research project to improve person-centered pancreatic cancer care in Belgium. Three subobjectives are pursued: (1) to develop a PREM to assess the experiences of care-related aspects in pancreatic cancer care, (2) to validate the PREM, and (3) to develop and evaluate an educational intervention to support the use of the PREM’s results.

Methods

For the development of the PREM, an exploratory mixed methods study design will be used. The study will start with a survey followed by a telephone interview involving patients with pancreatic cancer and digestive oncology health care professionals. Study two is the testing of the content and construct validity of the PREM. Study three involves the implementation study according to the Medical Research Council framework of a complex intervention introducing the PREM in practice. The effectiveness of the intervention will be investigated using a pragmatic randomized controlled trial study design.

Results

The protocol presents the entire structure of the research project. Ethics approval to conduct the exploratory mixed methods study (objective 1) has been obtained, and recruitment has started since January 2022.

Conclusions

The poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer should not be considered a hurdle to not study this patient population group. Involving patients in the research and decision-making processes early on is key. This project aims to realize a scientifically sound research process providing research outputs that can easily and timely be implemented in the care trajectory of patients with pancreatic cancer. This research project will also lead to recommendations on how to involve patients with pancreatic cancer and how the methodology of this research project can be translated to other patient groups.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/29004
Using Smartphone Sensor Paradata and Personalized Machine Learning Models to Infer Participants’ Well-being: Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Hart Alexander , Reis Dorota , Prestele Elisabeth , Jacobson Nicholas C
Published: April 2022

Background

Sensors embedded in smartphones allow for the passive momentary quantification of people’s states in the context of their daily lives in real time. Such data could be useful for alleviating the burden of ecological momentary assessments and increasing utility in clinical assessments. Despite existing research on using passive sensor data to assess participants’ moment-to-moment states and activity levels, only limited research has investigated temporally linking sensor assessment and self-reported assessment to further integrate the 2 methodologies.

Objective

We investigated whether sparse movement-related sensor data can be used to train machine learning models that are able to infer states of individuals’ work-related rumination, fatigue, mood, arousal, life engagement, and sleep quality. Sensor data were only collected while the participants filled out the questionnaires on their smartphones.

Methods

We trained personalized machine learning models on data from employees (N=158) who participated in a 3-week ecological momentary assessment study.

Results

The results suggested that passive smartphone sensor data paired with personalized machine learning models can be used to infer individuals’ self-reported states at later measurement occasions. The mean R2 was approximately 0.31 (SD 0.29), and more than half of the participants (119/158, 75.3%) had an R2 of ≥0.18. Accuracy was only slightly attenuated compared with earlier studies and ranged from 38.41% to 51.38%.

Conclusions

Personalized machine learning models and temporally linked passive sensing data have the capability to infer a sizable proportion of variance in individuals’ daily self-reported states. Further research is needed to investigate factors that affect the accuracy and reliability of the inference.
Training Resources Targeting Social Media Skills to Inform Rehabilitation for People Who Have an Acquired Brain Injury: Scoping Review
Authors: Brunner Melissa , Rietdijk Rachael , Togher Leanne
Published: April 2022

Background

In 2020 and 2021, people increasingly used the internet to connect socially and professionally. However, people with an acquired brain injury (ABI) experience challenges in using social media, and rehabilitation professionals have reported feeling underprepared to support them in its use. To date, no review of social media skills training to inform ABI rehabilitation has been conducted.

Objective

This scoping review aimed to examine research on interventions addressing social media skills and safety, with a focus on people living with health conditions; free web-based resources for the general public on social media skills training; and currently available online support groups for people with ABI.

Methods

An integrative scoping review was conducted, with a systematic search strategy applied in March and November 2020 across OvidSP (MEDLINE, AMED, PsycINFO, and Embase), Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Google, and Facebook. The data collected were critically appraised and synthesized to describe the key content and features of social media training resources.

Results

This review identified 47 peer-reviewed academic articles, 48 social media training websites, and 120 online support groups for people with ABI. A key recommendation was interactive training with practical components addressing cybersafety, how to use platforms, and how to connect with others. However, no social media training resources that were relevant and accessible for people with ABI were identified.

Conclusions

Training resources to support people with ABI in safely using social media are limited. The key content to be addressed and the features to be incorporated into web-based social media training were determined, including the need for interactive training that is co-designed and safe and incorporates practical components that support people with ABI. These findings can be used to inform the development of web-based evidence-based support for people with ABI who may be vulnerable when participating in social media.
A Novel Score for mHealth Apps to Predict and Prevent Mortality: Further Validation and Adaptation to the US Population Using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data Set
Authors: Elnakib Shatha , Vecino-Ortiz Andres I , Gibson Dustin G , Agarwal Smisha , Trujillo Antonio J , Zhu Yifan , Labrique Alain B
Published: April 2022

Background

The C-Score, which is an individual health score, is based on a predictive model validated in the UK and US populations. It was designed to serve as an individualized point-in-time health assessment tool that could be integrated into clinical counseling or consumer-facing digital health tools to encourage lifestyle modifications that reduce the risk of premature death.

Objective

Our study aimed to conduct an external validation of the C-Score in the US population and expand the original score to improve its predictive capabilities in the US population. The C-Score is intended for mobile health apps on wearable devices.

Methods

We conducted a literature review to identify relevant variables that were missing in the original C-Score. Subsequently, we used data from the 2005 to 2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; N=21,015) to test the capacity of the model to predict all-cause mortality. We used NHANES III data from 1988 to 1994 (N=1440) to conduct an external validation of the test. Only participants with complete data were included in this study. Discrimination and calibration tests were conducted to assess the operational characteristics of the adapted C-Score from receiver operating curves and a design-based goodness-of-fit test.

Results

Higher C-Scores were associated with reduced odds of all-cause mortality (odds ratio 0.96, P<.001). We found a good fit of the C-Score for all-cause mortality with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72. Among participants aged between 40 and 69 years, C-Score models had a good fit for all-cause mortality and an AUC >0.72. A sensitivity analysis using NHANES III data (1988-1994) was performed, yielding similar results. The inclusion of sociodemographic and clinical variables in the basic C-Score increased the AUCs from 0.72 (95% CI 0.71-0.73) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.85-0.88).

Conclusions

Our study shows that this digital biomarker, the C-Score, has good capabilities to predict all-cause mortality in the general US population. An expanded health score can predict 87% of the mortality in the US population. This model can be used as an instrument to assess individual mortality risk and as a counseling tool to motivate behavior changes and lifestyle modifications.
Detecting Elevated Air Pollution Levels by Monitoring Web Search Queries (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Chen , Yousefi Safoora , Kahoro Elvis , Karisani Payam , Liang Donghai , Sarnat Jeremy , Agichtein Eugene
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Real-time air pollution monitoring is a valuable tool for public health and environmental surveillance. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in air pollution forecasting and monitoring research using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Most of the prior work relied on modeling pollutant concentrations collected from ground-based monitors and meteorological data for long-term forecasting of outdoor ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and PM2.5. Given that traditional, highly sophisticated air quality monitors are expensive and are not universally available, these models cannot adequately serve those not living near pollutant monitoring sites. Furthermore, because prior models were built on physical measurement data collected from sensors, they may not be suitable for predicting public health effects experienced from pollution exposure.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and validate models to “nowcast” the observed pollution levels using Web search data, which is publicly available in near real-time from major search engines.

METHODS

We developed novel machine learning-based models using both traditional supervised classification methods and state-of-the-art deep learning methods to detect elevated air pollution levels at the US city level, by using generally available meteorological data and aggregate Web-based search volume data derived from Google Trends. We validated the performance of these methods by predicting three critical air pollutants (ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)), across ten major U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in 2017 and 2018. We also explore different variations of the long-short term memory (LSTM) model and propose a novel search term Dictionary Learner-Long-Short Term Memory (DL-LSTM) model to learn sequential patterns across multiple search terms for prediction.

RESULTS

The top-performing model was a deep neural sequence model LSTM, using meteorological and Web search data, and reached an accuracy of 0.82 (F1 score: 0.51) for O3, 0.74 (F1 score:0.41) for NO2, and 0.85 (F1 score: 0.27) for PM2.5, when used for detecting elevated pollution levels. Compared with only using meteorological data, the proposed method achieved superior accuracy by incorporating Web search data.

CONCLUSIONS

The results show that incorporating Web search data with meteorological data improves nowcasting performance for all three pollutants and suggest promising novel applications for tracking global physical phenomena using Web search data

CLINICALTRIAL

Not Applicable
Using Smartphone Sensor Paradata and Personalized Machine Learning Models to Infer Participants’ Well-being: Ecological Momentary Assessment (Preprint)
Authors: Hart Alexander , Reis Dorota , Prestele Elisabeth , Jacobson Nicholas C
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Sensors embedded in smartphones allow for the passive momentary quantification of people’s states in the context of their daily lives in real time. Such data could be useful for alleviating the burden of ecological momentary assessments and increasing utility in clinical assessments. Despite existing research on using passive sensor data to assess participants’ moment-to-moment states and activity levels, only limited research has investigated temporally linking sensor assessment and self-reported assessment to further integrate the 2 methodologies.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated whether sparse movement-related sensor data can be used to train machine learning models that are able to infer states of individuals’ work-related rumination, fatigue, mood, arousal, life engagement, and sleep quality. Sensor data were only collected while the participants filled out the questionnaires on their smartphones.

METHODS

We trained personalized machine learning models on data from employees (N=158) who participated in a 3-week ecological momentary assessment study.

RESULTS

The results suggested that passive smartphone sensor data paired with personalized machine learning models can be used to infer individuals’ self-reported states at later measurement occasions. The mean R2 was approximately 0.31 (SD 0.29), and more than half of the participants (119/158, 75.3%) had an R2 of ≥0.18. Accuracy was only slightly attenuated compared with earlier studies and ranged from 38.41% to 51.38%.

CONCLUSIONS

Personalized machine learning models and temporally linked passive sensing data have the capability to infer a sizable proportion of variance in individuals’ daily self-reported states. Further research is needed to investigate factors that affect the accuracy and reliability of the inference.
Cerebral intestinal interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Stoieva T.V. , Scherbak I.H. , Bratkova L.B. , Тitkova O.V. , Soboleva Kh.B. , Krylov E.M. , Scherbak I.H.
Published: April 2022

Background. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children are associated with features of neuropsychological development, characterized by socio-communicative, emotional, and behavioral problems. The processes of interaction between the central and enteric nervous systems, taking into account the inherent RAS reactions of autonomic maladaptation, endogenous stress, eating behavior determine the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbid pathology of the digestive system. The study was aimed to analyze the cerebral intestinal interaction signs in children with ASD, taking into account the role of NSE and S-100 neurotransmitters. Materials and methods. Sixty-six children with ASD were examined, out of which 45 children had concomitant functional disorders of the digestive system (FDDS). Clinical manifestations of ASD were assessed by the CARS scale; FDDS was diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria. Serum levels of NSE neurotransmitters and S-100 protein were measured immunochemically. The patients were examined after obtaining informed consent in compliance with the principles of bioethics. Results. According to the data obtained in children with ASD, the frequency of concomitant FDDS is 68.20 %. In this case, ASD in combination with functional disorders of the biliary tract (FDBT) is observed in 22.7 %, with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) — in 27.30 %, with syntropic FDDS — in 18.20 % of patients. The study traced the association between severe ASD and concomitant FDDS, in particular ASD with isolated IBS (p = 0.004), ASD with isolated FDBT (p = 0.009), ASD with syntropic functional disorders (p = 0.041). Increased serum concentrations of the NSE and S-100 neurotransmitters have been observed in children with concomitant FDDS. The level of S-100 protein and clinical manifestations of FDDS reveal a correlation, the degree of which increases in the following sequence: IBS (r = 0.34), and syntropic FDDS (r = 0.48). Conclusions. Peculiarities of cerebral intestinal interactions in ASD determine the high frequency of FDDS, in the structure of which IBS dominated. The presence of concomitant pathology impacts the clinical manifestations of ASD, complicating its course to a greater extent in cases of syntropic FDDS. Involvement of enteric glial structures in ASD is accompanied by the NSE and S-100 neurotransmitters level increase on the background of concomitant FDDS. The diagnostic value of S-100 protein in IBS in children with ASD is shown.
Evaluation of land suitability for the development of Hiyung cayenne pepper in Hiyung Village, Tapin Tengah District, South Kalimantan
Authors: Taher Ratna , Syarbini Muhammad , Wilda Kamiliah
Published: April 2022

Hiyung Village is one of the centers of agricultural production, especially cayenne pepper.  The advantage of Hiyung cayenne pepper is its spiciness which has capcaisin compound of 94.5 thousand ppm. It is 17 times spicier than cayenne pepper in general.  The success of agricultural cultivation is greatly influenced by the land suitability. Furthermore, soil and environmental conditions affect plant growth and development.  This study aims to analyze the soil properties and land characteristics to evaluate their suitability for the development of Hiyung cayenne pepper. This study is a descriptive research, carried out using a land suitability evaluation survey method to obtain data on land characteristics and current land management. Soil samples were taken from five locations, each about 1 km apart. Three sample points were taken at a depth of 0 cm to 20 cm in each location. Observation were made on effective depth, slope, surface rocks, rock outcrops, flood hazard, coarse material in soil cross section, erosion hazard, temperature, mean annual precipitation, length of the dry season, and current land management. The results showed that the actual land suitability is included in the S3 (marginally suitable) with limiting factors of temperature, water availability (rainfall), and nutrient retention (pH and base saturation). Potential land suitability is still included in S3 class (marginally suitable) because the only limiting factors that may be improved are soil pH and base saturation.
Antihypertension Activity Test oOf Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Var. Rubrum Roscoe) Ethanol Extract by In Silico Method
Authors: Zahroh Risti , Kurniatanty Isma , Sholihah Jumailatus , Widowati Esti Wahyu
Published: April 2022

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition when there is an increase in blood pressure above the normal threshold (> 140/90 mmHg). The bioactive compounds in red ginger are dominated by the terpene group which has the ability to inhibit the action of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE-inhibitor). The interaction between ACE-inhibitory peptides can be predicted by the in silico method. The in silico method was used to predict the interaction and binding energy between bioactive compounds in red ginger ethanol extract (ligand) and ACE protein (receptor) which acts as an antihypertensive. The results of GC-MS obtained as many as 5 compounds (zingiberene, farnesene, ß -sesquiphellandrene, alpha-curcumene and trans-beta-farnesene. The docking results showed the lowest binding energy values ​​for each compound sequentially for ACE-trans beta farnesene, ACE-alpha curcumene, ACE-zingiberene, ACE-farnesene, ACE-beta sesquiphellandrene are -5.14 kcal/mol, -5.61 kcal/mol , -6.20 kcal/mol, -5.66 kcal/mol, and -6.55 kcal/mol. Based on these results, the lowest bond energy among the 5 compounds was -6.55 kcal/mol at ACE-beta sesquiphellandrene docking, so the red ginger ethanol extract can be proposed and tested further as a clinical candidate for antihypertensive drugs.
The Effectiveness of the Halal Certification Process among the Community in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Sulaiman Nor Surilawana , Hashim Norkhairiah , Mohd Salleh Nur Thaqifah Salihah , Mohd Raffi Raihana , Mahalle Norliza
Published: April 2022

Realiti prestasi keberkesanan pensijilan halal dalam kalangan industri makanan bukan hanya boleh dipengaruhi oleh faktor luaran semata-mata, akan tetapi antara faktor yang menyumbang kepada keberkesanan tersebut juga adalah faktor pengguna dan pihak kerajaan yang melaksanakan pengurusan dalaman organisasi secara efektif dan berwibawa. Jesteru kajian dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang keberkesanan proses pensijilan halal di Negara Brunei Darussalam khasnya dari perspektif masyarakat. Kajian ini hanya membatasi respondan dari kalangan pemohon sijil halal. Seramai 154 respondan telah terlibat memberikan maklum balas terhadap soal selidik yang diedarkan secara rawak di ke empat-empat daerah di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Kajian rintis telah dijalankan bertujuan untuk menguji kebolehpercayaan soal selidik yang digunakan bagi kajian ini. Hasil analisis nilai Alpha Cronbach bagi item soal selidik yang diedarkan adalah berada pada nilai .975 . Dapatan kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberkesanan proses pensijilan halal di Negara Brunei Darussalam adalah sangat tinggi dan sangat positif. Nilai min pada setiap konstruk soal selidik juga menunjukkan dapatan kajian ini adalah antara julat 3.68 hingga 4.61 iaitu pada tahap yang sangat signifikan. Secara umumnya kajian ini telah mendapati bahawa persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberkesanan pensijilan halal adalah pada tahap yang tinggi dan sangat positif walau bagaimanapun bagi meningkatkan lagi keberkesanan proses pensijilan halal pemeriksaan dan penilaian proses kerja secara dalaman perlulah dilaksanakan oleh pihak-pihak yang pengurusan, jesteru itu kajian ini mencadangkan langkah mengekalkan prestasi keberkesanan pemprosesan sijil halal adalah agar pihak-pihak yang berautoriti dalam pemprosesan sijil halal bertindak melaksanakan satu sistem audit dalaman tentang prosedur kerja bagi proses pensijilan halal di Negara Brunei Darussalam.
Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.): Kandungan Kimia, Teknik Ekstraksi, dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri
Authors: Guntur Adithya , Selena Monica , Bella Anastasia , Leonarda Giovanny , Leda Adelsiana , Setyaningsih Dewi , Riswanto Florentinus Dika Octa
Published: April 2022

Resistensi terhadap beberapa antibiotik disebabkan oleh adanya penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional masih sering diabaikan. Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Salah satu kandungan kemangi yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yaitu minyak atsiri. Penelitian terkait aktivitas antibakteri pada kemangi sebagian besar dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel segar maupun simplisia dari daun kemangi yang kemudian diekstraksi, namun ada beberapa uji  yang menggunakan bagian batang. Metode uji aktivitas antibakteri kemangi terhadap beberapa bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram agar, difusi cakram kertas, mikrodilusi broth, mikrodilusi dalam microtiter plates, difusi sumuran agar, dan macro-dilusi. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa kandungan minyak atsiri yang terdapat dalam kemangi memiliki aktivitas penghambat aktivitas bakteri.
Fitokimia Dan Farmakologi Tanaman Empon-Empon Sebagai Imunomodulator Pada Penyakit Saluran Pernapasan: Systematic Review
Authors: Maulana Zuhri Ikbar , Mas'udah Lailatul , Isyfi Faizati Annisa’ , Muti'ah Roihatul
Published: April 2022

Sebagai upaya preventif terhadap Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) maka sangat penting bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan imunitas tubuh secara mandiri. Berbagai tanaman asli Indonesia telah direkomendasikan oleh BPOM sebagai tanaman obat untuk peningkatan imunitas tubuh di masa pandemi, diantaranya adalah empon-empon. Tujuan systematic review ini adalah untuk membuat kesimpulan ilmiah dari empon-empon sebagai imunomodulator pada penyakit saluran pernapasan. Metode systematic review ini menggunakan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), dengan kriteria inklusi original artikel, artikel berbahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indosesia, artikel tahun 2011-2021. Sedangkan kriteria ekslusinya adalah artikel selain original artikel, artikel selain berbahasa inggris dan bahasa Indonesia, artikel selain rentang tahun 2011-2021. Pencarian dilakukan pada database Google Schoolar, Proquest, PubMed NCBI, Science Direct, dan Spriger dengan kata kunci yaitu zingiberaceae and immunomodulator and respiratory disease. Hasil searching database tersebut didapatkan 3553 artikel kemudian dilakukan skrining didapatkan 29 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kesimpulan dari systematic review ini adalah Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Kaempferia galanga Linn, Curcuma mangga, Zingiber zerumbet, dan Alpinia galanga terbukti meningkatkan sistem imun dengan aktivitas imunomodulator, antiinflamasi, dan antivirus. Senyawa yang berperan sebagai imunomodulator tersebut adalah flavonoid atau fenilpropanoid.
Pemilihan Tetua Berdasarkan Nilai Pemuliaan Komponen Tandan Progeni Dura x Tenera
Authors: Sitepu Annisa , Yenni Yurna , Sujadi
Published: April 2022

Nilai pemuliaan merupakan pengaruh rata-rata gen yang diwariskan dari tetua kepada turunannya. Nilai pemuliaan dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk memilih genotipe unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa tetua yang mampu menghasilkan hibrida unggul. Pengamatan dilakukan pada progeni Dura x Tenera (DxT) yang ditanam di kebun percobaan Dolok Sinumbah, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Sumatera Utara. Berdasarkan nilai pemuliaan tetua dura, D5 dan D6 berpotensi untuk menghasilkan keturunan yang memiliki mesokarp yang tebal dengan kandungan minyak yang tinggi. Di sisi lain, tetua tenera T1 berpotensi untuk menghasilkan hibrida F1 yang memiliki mesokarp per buah yang tebal dengan cangkang tipis. Tetua tenera T5 dan T6 dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan keturunan yang memiliki kandungan minyak yang tinggi.
Karakterisasi dan Analisis Sifat Mekanik Selulosa Ester dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk Bahan Alternatif Filamen 3D Printing
Authors: Nasution Fadlin Qisthi , Rivani Meta , Nasution Muhammad Ansori , Herawan Tjahjono , Halimahtuddahliana
Published: April 2022

3D printing adalah teknologi yang berkembang pesat belakangan ini. Selusosa Ester, salah satu turunan dari selulosa dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat bahan altenatif filamen untuk 3D printing. Salah satu sumber selulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk sintesis selulosa ester adalah tandan kosong dari kelapa sawit. Agar selulosa ester dari tandan kosong dapat digunakan sebagai bahan filamen alternatif, dibutuhkan pengamatan pada sifat mekanik pada selulosa ester dan produk turunannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat mekanik dan karakterisasi selulosa ester dan produk turunannya sebagai bahan alternatif 3D printing. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil karakterisasi menggunakan metode Thermogravimetry Analyisis diketahui bahwa titik leleh selulosa ester yang dihasilkan berada diantara filamen konvensional yang sering digunakan, yaitu  polylactic acid dan acrylonitrile butadiene styrene sehingga selulosa ester yang dihasilkan dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit berpotensi untuk menggantikan filamen yang sudah ada. Dari hasil pengujian mekanik, pada percobaan ini, dapat disimpulkan untuk mendapatkan kekuatan mekanik yang optimal dari hasil 3D printing menggunakan tinta dari selulosa ester, infill density dari produk berkisar pada 100% - 80%. Sedangkan untuk mendapatkan filamen 3D yang baik, komposisi campuran selulosa ester:polylactic acid dari produk adalah 20%:80%. Pengujian mekanik juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai Tensile Strength dan Modulus of Elasticity. Nilai Tensile Strength lebih tinggi pada proses estrifikasi pada temperatur yang lebih tinggi, namun nilai Modulus of Elasticity lebih tinggi pada temperatur yang lebih rendah. Sedangkan untuk temperatur proses yang sama, tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai Modulus of Elasticity yang signifikan.
Avrupa Deniz Levreği (Dicentrarchus labrax) Pilorik Sekasından Tripsin Enziminin Saflaştırılması ve Kısmi Karakterizasyonu
Authors: Karasu Nihat , Günlü Ali
Published: April 2022

Avrupa deniz levreği (Dicentrarchus labrax) pilorik sekasından tripsin enzimi, amonyum sülfat çöktürmesi (%30-%60) ve bir boyut dışlama kromotografisi olan Sephacryl S-200 kolonu kullanılarak saflaştırılmış; saflığı, sıcaklık ve pH’ya hassaslığı hesaplanarak karakterize edilmiştir. Avrupa deniz levreğinden tripsin enzimi 52,71 kat saflaştırılmış olup, %8,60 verimlilik oranına sahiptir. Enzimin molekül büyüklüğü SDS-PAGE elektroforez analizi sonucu 24 kDA molekül büyüklüğünde tek bant olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tripsin enzimi substrat olarak BAPNA (Nα-Benzoyl-L-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride) kullanılarak yapılan stabilite analizlerinde pH 8,0 ve 55 ºC’de optimal aktivite göstermiştir. Ancak, aktivitesinin 50 ºC’den sonra %30 ve fazlasını, 70 ºC’de ise tamamını kaybetmiştir. En iyi stabiliteyi pH 7,0-10,0 arasında göstermiştir. Böylece Avrupa deniz levreğinden geniş pH ve sıcaklık aralıklarında aktivite gösteren, farklı sanayi dallarında kullanılabilecek tripsin enzimi elde edilmiştir. Bulgular, sıcaklık ve pH faktörlerinin tripsin enzimi aktivitesini önemli düzeyde etkilediğini göstermiştir (P<0,05).
A Review Essay on Housing, Subjective Well-Being and the Capabilities Approach
Authors: Coates Dermot Peter , Anand Paul , Norris Michelle
Published: April 2022

Housing is not consumed in isolation form other aspects of life and our housing can have important meanings attaching to it. The authors seek to add to the growing literature around capabilities and subjective well-being by drawing out the connections between housing, housing satisfaction and capabilities and by contributing to our understanding of the relationship between housing and life satisfaction. Housing, and the immediate environment, can provide us with a range of freedoms and opportunities that are central to a good life. Good quality, appropriate and affordable housing is not just a source of shelter but can facilitate access to employment and recreational facilities whilst enabling individuals to live healthy and dignified lifestyles and to do so in safety. The objective of this paper is to address two primary questions in this exploration of the international literature: (i) does housing contribute to our assessments of our own utility (or SWB)? and (ii) what factors shape our housing satisfaction and how do these feed through to life satisfaction more generally? To this end, the role of housing satisfaction as a mediating variable is explored. Issues pertaining to habituation, adaptive preferences and the heterogeneity of housing satisfaction are also surfaced here. The paper concludes that there is scope for further empirical research into the connections between housing, housing satisfaction and capabilities, particularly with regard to the operationalization of the capabilities approach in the housing space and examines housing and neighbourhood-based functionings (including social indicators) as covariates for housing and life satisfaction.
A novel similarity measure of picture fuzzy sets and its applications
Authors: A Fathima P , john sunil jacob , Kamacı Hüseyin
Published: April 2022

Picture fuzzy sets are a direct extension of fuzzy sets and
intuitionistic fuzzy sets, recently developed as a mathematical tool for
solving uncertainty-related problems. In this paper, a novel similarity
measure and corresponding weighted similarity measure between two
picture fuzzy sets are proposed after indicating some disadvantages of
the current similarity measures of picture fuzzy sets through some
exemplary numerical examples. Also, some of their basic properties are
discussed. Further, a picture fuzzy decision making algorithm based on
the similarity aggregation method is constructed and then applied to the
decision making problem. It is also used to deal with a medical
diagnosis problem to detect which disease a patient may be suffering
from. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed similarity measure is
demonstrated by making comparison with the present picture fuzzy
similarity measures.
Spatial Differentiation and influencing factors of land eco-efficiency based on low carbon perspective: a case of 287 prefecture-level cities in China
Authors: Li Qiang , wei jianfei , MA Ling , GE Weihong , GAO Wei
Published: April 2022

Land eco-efficiency reflects the relationship between economic
development and resource utilization, studying the spatio-temporal
differentiation of it is conducive to promoting the transformation of
land utilization mode to low-carbon intensive direction. In this study,
an efficiency index system was built by using resource-capital-labor as
the input index, economic-resource-social-ecological benefits as the
expected output and carbon emissions as the unexpected output; besides,
Super-SBM, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, Trend Analysis and
Standard Deviation Elliptic Model were conducted to assessed the land
eco-efficiency. As results, we found that the average values of land
eco-efficiency index were showing a rising trend at first and a falling
trend thereafter. Spatially, the difference goes from large to small in
the western, eastern, northeast and central China. From the view of
spatial differentiation, the high-efficiency areas were concentrated
around Chongqing and gradually extended to the northeast. The average
efficiency areas mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta and urban
agglomerations around the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Low-efficiency areas were widely distributed in the central region of
China. Furthermore, the spatial autocorrelation coefficient changed from
negative to positive and the spatial agglomeration gradually changed to
a positive correlation. The main significant correlation types were
between High-High areas and Low-Low areas. The significant HH areas
formed several groups in the northeast China and Inner Mongolia, and
their number increases significantly. The significant LL areas formed a
continuous distribution trend in the central and eastern China.
Novel comparative analysis of fractional-order partial differential differential equations arising in quantum field theory pertaining to Caputo-Fabrizio derivative operator
Authors: Rashid Saima , Kanwal Bushra , Safdar Farhat , Jarad Fahd
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we use the $\tilde{q}$-homotopy
analysis transform method ($\tilde{q}$-HATM) to
investigate the explicit solutions of the Kundu-Eckhaus equation and the
massive Thirring model. Kundu-Eckhaus equation is a nonlinear partial
differential equation found in quantum field theory, weakly nonlinear
dispersive water waves, and nonlinear optics, as well as massive
Thirring model, an exactly solvable quantum field theory that defines
the self-interactions of a Dirac field in $(1+1)$ dimensions. The
presented method combines the Yang transform methodology with the
$\tilde{q}$-homotopy analysis technique and the
fractional derivative described by the Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) operator in
an intriguing way. The fixed point postulate is addressed in an attempt
to illustrate that the resulting solution for the presented fractional
order framework exists and is unique. We assess the predicted framework
in the context of fractional order reinforcement and exhibit the
performance of the prospective approach. The physical performance of the
$\tilde{q}$-HATM solutions is also depicted using
graphs for various fractional orders and simulation techniques.The
present study demonstrated that the potential strategy is simple to
apply and very systematic, productive, and precise in analyzing the
behaviour of non-linear PDEs of fractional order that emerge in
engineering and quantum field theory.
AutoCaSc: Prioritizing candidate genes for neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Popp Bernt , Lieberwirth Johann , Büttner Benjamin , Klöckner Chiara , Platzer Konrad , Jamra Rami Abou
Published: April 2022

Routine exome sequencing (ES) in individuals with neurodevelopmental
disorders (NDD) remains inconclusive in >50%. Research
analysis of unsolved cases can identify novel candidate genes but is
time consuming, subjective, and hard to compare between labs. The field
therefore needs automated and standardized assessment methods to
prioritize candidates for matchmaking. We developed AutoCaSc
(https://autocasc.uni-leipzig.de) based on our candidate scoring scheme
(CaSc). We validated our approach using synthetic trios and real
in-house trio ES data. AutoCaSc consistently (94.5%) scored variants in
valid novel NDD genes in the top three ranks. In 93 real trio exomes,
AutoCaSc identified most (97.5%) previously manually scored variants
while evaluating additional highly scoring variants missed in manual
evaluation. It identified candidate variants in previously undescribed
NDD candidate genes ( CNTN2, DLGAP1, SMURF1,
NRXN3, PRICKLE1). AutoCaSc enables anybody to quickly
screen a variant for its plausibility in NDD. After contributing
>40 descriptions of NDD associated genes, we provide usage
recommendations based on our extensive experience. Our implementation is
capable of pipeline integration and therefore allows screening of large
cohorts for candidate genes. AutoCaSc empowers even small labs to a
standardized matchmaking collaboration and to contribute to the ongoing
identification of novel NDD entities.
Stage III Primary Retroperitoneal Yolk Sac Tumor with Sarcomatous Components in a 40-year-old Male: A Case Report
Authors: Talukdar Zain , Saeed Hassan , Jadhav Nagesh
Published: April 2022

Primary yolk sac tumors (YST) are rare pre-pubescent tumors. A
40-year-old with chronic testicular swelling was diagnosed with YST with
pulmonary metastasis, pulmonary embolism, and left leg DVT, undergoing 4
cycles of BEP chemotherapy and left orchiectomy. This report highlights
the aggressive course but adequate treatment response to adult YSTs.
Influence of land use changes on landscape connectivity for North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis)
Authors: Guofu Liang , Liu Jingzhen
Published: April 2022

Aim: North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis), is the
most widespread subspecies of leopard and one of the rare and endangered
species in China. It is currently confined to several isolated reserves,
and little is known about its habitat network connectivity with land use
changes. We proposed an approach for the evaluation of the impacts of
land use changes on landscape connectivity for North China leopard.
Location: The Great Taihang Region, in the north of China, covers the
entire territory of Shanxi province, as well as some districts and
counties in Beijing, Hebei and Henan provinces. Methods: We analysed
multiple background layers affecting North China leopard movement
patterns, including environmental and anthropogenic factors, and
generated a landscape resistance surface. Then we used Circuit
theory-based connectivity models to delineate pathways suitable for
species movement, and evaluate the connectivity status of core areas and
the impacts of land use changes on landscape connectivity. Results: We
identified 33 least cos distance paths in 1990 and 34 paths in 2020, and
four key barrier areas. The landscape connectivity has not been greatly
improved with the land use changes, especially with the increase of
forest land from 26.61 to 34.85%. Nevertheless, there is a decreasing
trend on connectivity in some key movement barrier areas. Improving
landscape connectivity at a broad spatial scale is as important as
protecting the habitats (natural reserves) where the species lived. Main
conclusions: Our study can serve as an example of how to explore the
relationships between land use changes and landscape connectivity for
species at broad spatial scales with limited movement patterns data.
This information is proved to be critical for enhancing landscape
connectivity for conservation concern of North China leopard and
planning of natural reserves network.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of a Novel Peptide GK-19 and Application on Skin and Soft Tissue Infections by MRSA or Candida Albicans
Authors: Song Chenghua , Wen RuiChao , Zhou Jiaxuan , Zeng Xiaoyan , Kou Zi , Zhang Jia , Wang Tao , Chang Pengkang , Lv Yi , Wu Rongqian
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: The widespread abuse of antibiotics have led to
increasing resistance of many important human pathogens. The urgent need
to develop novel antimicrobial therapies has stimulated great interest
in antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic candidates for the treatment of
infectious diseases. Scorpion venom-derived peptide Androctonus Amoreuxi
Antimicrobial Peptide 1 (AamAP1) is a new type of host defense peptide
with broad-spectrum but moderate antimicrobial property. Most
importantly, AamAp1 has been proved to be highly hemolytic and displays
significantly high toxicity against mammalian cells. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of a
novel synthetic antimicrobial peptide GK-19 deriving from AamAP1 and its
derivatives. Experimental Approach: Five bacteria and three fungi were
used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of GK-19 in vitro. Mouse
models of scalded combined with skin and soft tissue infections were
used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of GK-19 in vivo. Key Results:
The results indicated that Gk-19 could not only inhibit Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacterial growth but also kill fungi by permeabilizing
microbial membrane. Cellular and in vivo studies proved that GK-19
showed negligible toxicity to mammalian cells, low hemolytic activity
and high stability in plasma. Furthermore, in mouse models of scald
combined with skin and soft tissue infections induced by either
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) or Candida Albicans,
GK-19 showed significant antimicrobial and healing effects. Conclusion
and Implications: The novel scorpion venom-derived peptide analogue
GK-19 is a promising drug candidate in the battle against
multi-resistant bacterial and fungal infections.
Imitatio Christi (1 Corinthians 11:1): How Paul Imitates Jesus Christ in Dealing with Idol Food (1 Corinthians 8–10)
Authors: Kim Seyoon
Published: April 2022

The importance of the theme of imitatio Christi in Paul has long been recognized in scholarship, especially with regard to the two questions: Pauline ethic and the Jesus-Paul debate. It is argued here that imitatio Christi for Paul, while centered on Christ's self-giving in his incarnation and crucifixion, has the example and teaching of the historical Jesus also in view, and that in dealing with the problem of eidōlothuta in 1 Cor 8–10 Paul concretely draws some of his guidelines from the historical Jesus' teaching and example.