bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCARB1
Gene Variants Are Associated With the Phenotype of Combined High High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High Lipoprotein (a)
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Sethi Amar , Yanek Lisa R. , Knapper Cathy , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Becker Diane M. , Mathias Rasika A. , Remaley Alan T. , Becker Lewis C.
Published: September 2016

Background—

SR-B1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1), encoded by the gene
SCARB1
, is a lipoprotein receptor that binds both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein. We reported that SR-B1 is also a receptor for lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), mediating cellular uptake of Lp(a) in vitro and promoting clearance of Lp(a) in vivo. Although genetic variants in
SCARB1
are associated with variations in HDL level, no
SCARB1
variants affecting Lp(a) have been reported.

Methods and Results—

In an index subject with high levels of HDL cholesterol and Lp(a),
SCARB1
was sequenced and demonstrated a missense mutation resulting in an S129L substitution in exon 3. To follow up, 2 cohorts (GeneSTAR, the family-based Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk [n=543], and CCHS, the population-based Copenhagen City Heart Study [n=5835]) were screened for combined HDL cholesterol and Lp(a) elevations. Subjects with the extreme phenotype (HDL >80 mg/dL and Lp(a) >100 nmol/L in GeneSTAR, n=8, and >100 mg/dL in CCHS, n=9) underwent sequencing of
SCARB1
exons; 15 of 18 from the combined population demonstrated genetic variants, including rare or uncommon missense or splice site mutations in 9 and homozygous synonymous variants in 6. Functional studies with 4 of the
SCARB1
variants (c.386C>T, c.631-14T>G, c.4G>A, and c.631-53
m
C>T & c.726+55
m
CG>CA) showed decreased receptor function in vitro.

Conclusions—

Human
SCARB1
gene variants are associated with a new lipid phenotype, characterized by high levels of both HDL cholesterol and Lp(a).
SCARB1
exonic variants often result in diminished function of translated SR-B1 via reduced binding/intracellular transport of Lp(a).
Titin-Based Cardiac Myocyte Stiffening Contributes to Early Adaptive Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kötter Sebastian , Kazmierowska Malgorzata , Andresen Christian , Bottermann Katharina , Grandoch Maria , Gorressen Simone , Heinen Andre , Moll Jens M. , Scheller Jürgen , Gödecke Axel , Fischer Jens W. , Schmitt Joachim P. , Krüger Martina
Published: September 2016

Rationale:

Myocardial infarction (MI) increases the wall stress in the viable myocardium and initiates early adaptive remodeling in the left ventricle to maintain cardiac output. Later remodeling processes include fibrotic reorganization that eventually leads to cardiac failure. Understanding the mechanisms that support cardiac function in the early phase post MI and identifying the processes that initiate transition to maladaptive remodeling are of major clinical interest.

Objective:

To characterize MI-induced changes in titin-based cardiac myocyte stiffness and to elucidate the role of titin in ventricular remodeling of remote myocardium in the early phase after MI.

Methods and Results:

Titin properties were analyzed in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts after 20-minute ischemia/60-minute reperfusion (I/R), and mouse hearts that underwent ligature of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 3 or 10 days. Cardiac myocyte passive tension was significantly increased 1 hour after ischemia/reperfusion and 3 and 10 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligature. The increased passive tension was caused by hypophosphorylation of the titin N2-B unique sequence and hyperphosphorylation of the PEVK (titin domain rich in proline, glutamate, valine, and lysine) region of titin. Blocking of interleukine-6 before left anterior descending coronary artery ligature restored titin-based myocyte tension after MI, suggesting that MI-induced titin stiffening is mediated by elevated levels of the cytokine interleukine-6. We further demonstrate that the early remodeling processes 3 days after MI involve accelerated titin turnover by the ubiquitin–proteasome system.

Conclusions:

We conclude that titin-based cardiac myocyte stiffening acutely after MI is partly mediated by interleukine-6 and is an important mechanism of remote myocardium to adapt to the increased mechanical demands after myocardial injury.
Loudspeaker Listening: Tabula Rasa or Augmented Reality
Authors: Prior David
Published: September 2016

Recent developments in virtual and augmented reality technology have stimulated renewed interest in the role of sound and music in these domains. In this article loudspeakers, and the spaces used to listen to them, will be discussed with reference both to the dominant media that have influenced their evolution and in light of emerging media—particularly in augmented reality—which value very different audio-spatial relationships.
From Music to Big Music: Listening in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Koutsomichalis Marinos
Published: September 2016

Following a series of technological breakthroughs and the proliferation of new, cloud-based media, listening in the 21st century has become dynamic, fragmented, interactive and distributed. Contemporary audiences are typically expected to traverse (big) music databases and, employing several overlapping interfaces, to resynthesize, rather than to merely access, content. On this construal, new ways of both experiencing and thinking about music have been laid out. This article attempts to sketch the “big music” phenomenon, discussing its genesis, outlining its implications and, finally, suggesting a typology for the classification of its carrier media.
Teaching Cage’s “Silent Piece”
Authors: Wierzbicki James
Published: September 2016

This brief article summarizes the results not only of several years’ worth of classroom performances and follow-up discussions of John Cage’s “silent piece”—commonly known as 4′33″—but also of students’ usually frustrated efforts to perform the piece in private.
Wolf Listeners: An Introduction to the Acoustemological Politics and Poetics of Isle Royale National Park
Authors: DeLuca Erik
Published: September 2016

Listening to wolf howls as both material object and socially constructed metaphor highlights the contested relationship between nature and culture. The author conducted field research on Isle Royale National Park from 2011 to 2015, from which data he offers a narrative wherein citizen-scientists who listen for the howl literally “lend their ears” to a wolf biologist who has led the longest continuous predator-prey study in the world. The theoretical framework of this essay extends acoustic ecology, first theorized by R. Murray Schafer, to include environmental history and cultural theory, which problematizes definitions of “nature” and “natural.” Ultimately, this introduction describes a nuanced form of participatory, situational environmental music that plays out in the everyday lives of those listening on this remote, roadless island on Lake Superior.
The Light from Galilee
Authors: Akagi Kai
Published: September 2016

Application of criteria for identifying scriptural reuse demonstrates that John 8:12 is a specific allusion to Isa 9:1. Affirming the often overlooked proposal that the allusion answers the objection to Jesus in 7:52, this paper suggests the allusion serves a multi-layered narrative function. It demonstrates that Jesus’ opponents are ignorant of the portion of Isaiah to which he alludes, undermines them for their failure to know the Scriptures that testify on his behalf by a lexical link from ἐραύνησον in 7:52 to ἐραυνᾶτε in 5:39, and affirms the messianic identity of Jesus in accordance with the purpose of the book.
The Devil’s Beatings
Authors: Wimmler Jutta
Published: September 2016

With the possible exception of the Kingdom of Kongo, the history of Christianity in Atlantic Africa in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has not been examined in depth. We know even less about the development of European religious concepts and perceptions in this part of the world since it is usually assumed that such ideas remained static. While a variety of studies have discussed the specifics of European demonology in the Americas, no comparable investigations exist for West and West Central Africa. Using the concept of the ‘beating devil’ as a case study, this article examines how European Christians adapted their religious ideas in this non-European context, and relates the results to European religious discourse in the Americas. The article argues for a more-comprehensive investigation into the circulation of discursive elements in the Atlantic world that includes the African dimension as well as a comparative view of the multilingual source material.
The uncommon Neotropical genus Pazius Navás, 1913 (Mecoptera: Bittacidae): a comprehensive synthesis, with description of a new Brazilian species
Authors: LIMA ALESSANDRO RODRIGUES , DIAS PRISCILA GUIMARÃES
Published: September 2016

After a gap of more than twenty years, only recently the uncommon Neotropical genus Pazius Navás, 1913 has been focus of scientific researches, with the description of two new species from Colombia. Here all the knowledge about the genus is synthetized, with an identification key to all species, including comprehensive illustrations of male's terminalia and the description of Pazius angaibara sp. nov. from Northern Brazil. Also, a geographic records map of the genus is included.
CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Baker Brad , Lawson R. Paul
Published: September 2016

Corrections are made to the results, and interpretation thereof, presented in earlier work by Baker and Lawson. The main results regarding the improvement obtained using additional image parameters are unchanged. Secondary results regarding the applicability of subgroup parameterizations are corrected. Whereas it was found in the earlier work that very few subgroup parameterizations could be applied, it is now found that more subgroup parameterizations could be applied in situations in which crystal habits are sufficiently identifiable.
Prevention of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: What is the Evidence?
Authors: Whayne Thomas F.
Published: September 2016

Carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAA) represents a significant form of atherosclerosis with stroke as a major consequence. Whether it is a unique form of atherosclerosis is not established. However, this is not of major clinical relevance as no specific preventive measures over and above the established ones for cardiovascular risk are well established. Major risk factors for CAA are elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hypertension, and increased inflammation. Identification of CAA prior to a clinical event centers on imaging studies. Studies with magnetic resonance imaging result in the best definition of CAA plaque morphology. Medical measures that result in prevention are especially centered on statins (marked reduction of the LDL-C) and hypertension control. Nonprocedural therapeutic measures to avoid and delay complications involve antiplatelet medications. Benefits from other measures such as increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased exercise appear desirable but require more clinical evidence. In conclusion, there are enough evidence-based medicine results to demand intensive medical preventive measures and not just relegate the patient with asymptomatic or symptomatic CAA to decision-making only involving the surgeon and interventionalist.
On the Identification of Rayon/Viscose as a Major Fraction of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: Discrimination between Natural and Manmade Cellulosic Fibers Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Comnea-Stancu Ionela Raluca , Wieland Karin , Ramer Georg , Schwaighofer Andreas , Lendl Bernhard
Published: September 2016

This work was sparked by the reported identification of man-made cellulosic fibers (rayon/viscose) in the marine environment as a major fraction of plastic litter by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) transmission spectroscopy and library search. To assess the plausibility of such findings, both natural and man-made fibers were examined using FT-IR spectroscopy. Spectra acquired by transmission microscopy, attenuated total reflection (ATR) microscopy, and ATR spectroscopy were compared. Library search was employed and results show significant differences in the identification rate depending on the acquisition method of the spectra. Careful selection of search parameters and the choice of spectra acquisition method were found to be essential for optimization of the library search results. When using transmission spectra of fibers and ATR libraries it was not possible to differentiate between man-made and natural fibers. Successful differentiation of natural and man-made cellulosic fibers has been achieved for FT-IR spectra acquired by ATR microscopy and ATR spectroscopy, and application of ATR libraries. As an alternative, chemometric methods such as unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis were employed to facilitate identification based on intrinsic relationships of sample spectra and successful discrimination of the fiber type could be achieved. Differences in the ATR spectra depending on the internal reflection element (Ge versus diamond) were observed as expected; however, these did not impair correct classification by chemometric analysis. Moreover, the effects of different levels of humidity on the IR spectra of natural and man-made fibers were investigated, too. It has been found that drying and re-humidification leads to intensity changes of absorption bands of the carbohydrate backbone, but does not impair the identification of the fiber type by library search or cluster analysis.
Irreversible Damage of Polymer Membranes During Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Analysis
Authors: Kiefer Johannes , Wei Gang , Colombi Ciacchi Lucio , von Lieres Eric
Published: September 2016

Analyzing polymer membranes by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) can lead to irreversible damage to the material and induces systematic errors in the data. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy is a common tool for analyzing the surface of polymer membranes. In order to provide sufficient contact between the membrane and the internal reflection element (i.e., the ATR crystal), pressure is applied via a metal stamp. This procedure, however, can lead to mechanical damage. In this work, we study this damage using the example of a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for water filtration and we show how the damage can be avoided. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, laser-scanning microscopy (LSM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are employed to understand the mechanically-induced phenomena at the molecular and macroscopic scales. The data reveal that the mechanical impact does not only result in a compressed membrane structure with smaller pores, but it also leads to deformations at the molecular level. Moreover, in light of the mechanical damage, a detailed analysis of the PES IR spectrum indicates that several previous vibrational assignments of peaks may be incorrect and that many published results may be biased and should be revisited.
Divine Creation and Human Mortality from Genesis to Ben Sira
Authors: Corley Jeremy
Published: September 2016

Despite the differences between the Priestly creation story in Genesis 1 and the Yahwist’s creation narrative in Genesis 2–3, several Second Temple period Jewish texts began to harmonize both accounts. Ben Sira (Sirach) makes selective use of both Genesis creation stories, especially when referring to human mortality. While Sirach 25:24 implies an allusion to sin and death entering the world through Eve, Sirach 17:1–2 appears to pass over the primeval sin and instead seems to regard human mortality as a natural disposition by the Creator who providentially allots humanity a fixed number of days of earthly life. Like some interpretations of Genesis 3 within early Judaism and Christianity, emphasizing human mortality as deriving from the primeval sin, Ben Sira echoes the primeval punishment of humanity (Genesis 3:19) by employing the verb ‘return’ in Sirach 17:1. Thereafter, Sirach 17:2 follows Jewish sapiential reflection (especially Psalm 90) and Stoic teaching to present death as something natural within God’s providential plan.
Recent Interpretation of Hebrews Chapters 3–4: Critical Issues and Scholarly Trends
Authors: Docherty Susan
Published: September 2016

Chapters 3–4 have emerged as key to much recent scholarly interpretation of the epistle to the Hebrews. This paper offers an evaluative review of major recent publications which treat this section of Hebrews, drawing out some common themes and recurring critical issues. The questions addressed in these studies have significant implications for an understanding of Hebrews more widely, as they impact on judgements about subjects such as the letter’s structure and main message, the author’s use of the Old Testament, and the religious and conceptual background to his thought.
Deterioration of polycrystalline diamond tools in milling of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic
Authors: Jia Zhenyuan , Su Youliang , Niu Bin , Bai Yu , Bi Guangjian
Published: September 2016

The cutting edge of the polycrystalline diamond tool easily blunts in high-speed milling of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic with the tool deterioration. It aggravates the burrs damage due to the change in the tool–material interaction. Therefore, this paper analyzes the tool–material interaction in milling of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic based on the material-removal mechanism to investigate the tool deterioration mechanism. It reveals that there are two main reasons for the tool deterioration: the extreme crashing and ploughing of the uncut fibers on the tool, and the serious impact of fibers strongly supported on the cutting edge. An indirect measure method is proposed to quantify the tool deterioration including the ploughing-caused wear and impact-caused microchipping. Furthermore, the milling tests are performed to evaluate the tool deterioration under different cutting speeds in the range of 7.33–9.42 m/s. Meanwhile, a modified mathematical model of tool life is proposed based on a strict burr specification in milling of the carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics. Polycrystalline diamond tool has the longest life with the run-in wear and the quasi-steady-state wear for 7.33 m/s cutting speed, and the life rapidly decreases with the increase in the cutting speed in this range. For the cutting speed larger than 8.37 m/s, the wear resistance of polycrystalline diamond tool is very low, because the accelerated state wear occurs instead of the quasi-steady-state wear. Thus, the optimization of the tool geometry and the assisted lubrication should be applied for its improvement.
Experimental validation of an empirical nonlinear shear failure model for laminated composite materials
Authors: Nikbakht Masood , Toudeshky Hossein Hosseini , Mohammadi Bijan
Published: September 2016

This paper aims to develop a numerical nonlinear progressive damage model for laminated composite materials considering in-plane and out-of-plane shear stresses in combination with cohesive interface elements to predict the structural response and the failure mechanisms of laminated composite materials. For this purpose, the constitutive models for intralaminar and interlaminar damage modes have been developed as a numerical code by a UMAT subroutine and implemented in commercial finite element software. This model, which is based on the continuum damage mechanics approach, enables to predict the gradual degradation of material properties with five distinct damage parameters for different failure modes; three of these damage factors apply the shear damage contribution as a separate damage mode by a separate damage factor into the model and characterize it by shear damage dissipation energy, and two parameters for fiber and matrix in transverse directions. Also, a series of experiments have been performed to characterize and validate the nonlinear behavior of glass/epoxy laminate. This model is used to predict the behavior and the final strength of open-hole tension specimens. A reasonably good agreement was also achieved between numerical predictions and experimental observations in terms of shapes, orientations and sizes of individual intraply damages induced around the notch and also the final strength of open-hole tension specimen.
Heat transfer properties of bifacial fabrics
Authors: Zhu Licheng , Naebe Maryam , Blanchonette Ian , Wang Xungai
Published: September 2016

Bifacial fabrics were produced on a purpose-built machine, using wool, acrylic and polyester yarns, with the woven structure being plain weave, and the knitted structure being single jersey. In this study, the heat transfer properties of these fabrics were compared with conventional woven and knitted fabrics. The bifacial fabrics had lower air permeability than knitted and woven fabrics, and they were warmer to touch. The thermal resistance of the bifacial fabrics was higher than the knitted and woven fabrics, and the thermal resistance of the two faces of the bifacial fabrics was statistically different.
Planning discourses, local state commitment, and the making of a new state space (NSS) for China: Evidence from regional strategic development plans in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Sun Yi , Chan Roger CK
Published: September 2016

Grounded in the interpretive tradition, this paper applies the theory of New State Space (NSS) to China’s city regionalism. We argue that in the NSS effort in China, planning discourses enable a regulatory framework to be applied at the level of city region. City regionalism corresponds to the conceptualisation of NSS in two dimensions. First, the rise of the city region gives rise to a new territorial form of state administration. Second, the city region is made to be the most appropriate scale encapsulating capital–labour relationship (CLR). This study uses NSS to examine the regional strategic development plans (RSDPs) of the Pearl River Delta Region and presents two primary arguments based on an interpretation of the Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008–2020) (OPRDPRD) and the preliminary actions of various levels of government based on it. First, RSDPs serve as effective regulatory tools that not only enable new state administration articulating regulatory responsibility throughout the various levels of governmental hierarchy, but also elaborate the CLR in the interest of regional based industrial development, infrastructure construction, and formulation of social policies. Second, the city region has become a site for political rhetoric and related actions whereby regulatory order is unfolding in order to itself effect an economic restructuring and political reshuffle. Creating a city region is ‘planning ideological’ and solving problems is difficult because of the asymmetric jurisdictional power relations between municipalities.
Linking residential relocation desires and behaviour with life domain satisfaction
Authors: Nowok Beata , Findlay Allan , McCollum David
Published: September 2016

Life satisfaction and motives for moving home are complex entanglements, reflecting multiple desires and experiences. The aim of this paper is to show that a focused analysis of satisfaction with particular life domains can prove that changing a place of residence is not only a life stressor, but also a positive means leading to enduring improvements in individual satisfaction. Using the British Household Panel Survey we examine overall life satisfaction and satisfaction in various life domains such as housing, job, social life, household income, spouse/partner and health, both prior to and after moving. A temporal pattern of movers’ satisfaction for a number of years before and after the move is derived employing a fixed-effects panel data model. Our results reveal that residential relocation increases housing satisfaction considerably. The positive effect of moving on housing satisfaction is much stronger and endures longer for those with a sustained desire to relocate ahead of movement. Despite some decrease over time, five years after moving survey respondents still had significantly higher housing satisfaction than before their move. Changes in satisfaction with other life domains are much less pronounced and no lasting improvements in satisfaction are observed for them.
Empty spaces in the crowd. Residential vacancy in São Paulo’s city centre
Authors: Nadalin Vanessa , Igliori Danilo
Published: September 2016

In the past decades, when São Paulo became the national manufacturing centre, it has experienced great population growth. Since then, many housing problems have emerged. In addition, the difficulties that inner cities face in attracting jobs and maintaining economic activities are particularly challenging. Indeed, even if many cities have successfully regenerated their central areas, the so-called inner city problem is still very much alive in the case of São Paulo. As a result although the city centre has abundant urban infrastructure it still has plenty of vacant spaces, including residential buildings. One could say that São Paulo’s city centre is characterised by a large number of empty spaces in an area that is simultaneously crowded with buildings and urban facilities. This paper intends to contribute to the empirical analysis of the determinants of vacancy rates, with a particular focus on historical city centres, using São Paulo Metropolitan Area as our case study. Our empirical analysis relies on district-level data for the years 2000 and 2010, and combines standard spatial econometric methods with hedonic modelling. Our results suggest that there are three main groups of determinants: individual buildings characteristics, mobility of households and neighbourhood quality. We find evidence that the historic central city is a distinctive submarket, needing special urban policies. Its determinants work differently when compared with the housing markets of other areas across the city.
A Cohort Location Model of household sorting in US metropolitan regions
Authors: Estiri Hossein , Krause Andy
Published: September 2016

In this paper we propose a household sorting model for the 50 largest US metropolitan regions and evaluate the model using 2010 Census data. To approximate residential locations for household cohorts, we specify a Cohort Location Model (CLM) built upon two principle assumptions about housing consumption and metropolitan development/land use patterns. According to our model, the expected distance from the household’s residential location to the city centre(s) increases with the age of the householder (as a proxy for changes in housing career over life span). The CLM provides a flexible housing-based explanation for household sorting patterns in US metropolitan regions. Results from our analysis on US metropolitan regions show that households headed by individuals under the age of 35 are the most common cohort in centrally located areas. We also found that households over 35 are most prevalent in peripheral locations, but their sorting was not statistically different across space.
Gender Stratified Monopoly
Authors: Smith Stacy L.
Published: September 2016

A modified version of Monopoly has long been used as a simulation exercise to teach inequality. Versions of Modified Monopoly (MM) have touched on minority status relative to inequality but without an exploration of the complex interaction between minority status and class. This article introduces Gender Stratified Monopoly (GSM), an adaptation that can be added to existing versions of MM as a step toward such a conversation. I draw on written student reflections and observations from five test courses over two years to demonstrate the effectiveness of GSM. Data indicate student recognition of the female status as more economically challenging and less “fair” relative to the male status, with real-world consequences.
Involving stakeholders in radiological protection decision making: recovery history and lessons from the people of Fukushima
Authors: Lazo T.
Published: September 2016

Between September 2011 and August 2015, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) organised a series of 12 stakeholder dialogue workshops with residents of Fukushima Prefecture. Discussions focused on recovery, addressing topics such as protection of children, management of contaminated food, monitoring, and self-help measures. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) supported, and the Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) Secretariat attended, all 12 meetings to listen directly to the concerns of affected individuals and draw lessons for CRPPH. To summarise the dialogue results, ICRP organised a final meeting in Date, Japan with the support of NEA and other organisations. The lessons from and utility of the dialogue meetings were praised by dialogue participants and sponsors, and ICRP agreed that some form of dialogue would continue, although with ICRP participation and support rather than leadership. This paper summarises the internationally relevant lessons learned by CRPPH from this important process.
A Relational Model of Perceived Overqualification: The Moderating Role of Interpersonal Influence on Social Acceptance
Authors: Deng Hong , Guan Yanjun , Wu Chia-Huei , Erdogan Berrin , Bauer Talya , Yao Xiang
Published: September 2016

Theories of perceived overqualification have tended to focus on employees’ job-related responses to account for effects on performance. We offer an alternative perspective and theorize that perceived overqualification could influence work performance through a relational mechanism. We propose that relational skills, in the form of interpersonal influence of overqualified employees, determine their tendency to experience social acceptance and, thus, engage in positive work-related behaviors. We tested this relational model across two studies using time-lagged, multisource data. In Study 1, the results indicated that for employees high on interpersonal influence, perceived overqualification was positively related to self-reported social acceptance, whereas for employees low on interpersonal influence, the relationship was negative. Social acceptance, in turn, was positively related to in-role job performance, interpersonal altruism, and team member proactivity evaluated by supervisors. In Study 2, we focused on peer-reported social acceptance and found that the indirect relationships between perceived overqualification and supervisor-reported behavioral outcomes via social acceptance were negative when interpersonal influence was low and nonsignificant when interpersonal influence was high. The implications of the general findings are discussed.
“No Beggars amongst Them”
Authors: Murphy Michael Warren
Published: September 2016

This article explores historical processes of land dispossession through an in-depth case of the Narragansett Indians of present-day Rhode Island. Using an eventful historical methodology, I uncover three primary mechanisms, each temporally situated, that dispossessed the Narragansett tribe of their land: violence, debt, and state governance. I proceed by first considering Narragansett life before the incursion of settler colonialism. Following this brief exploration, I turn to an analysis of both the historical events and processes that dispossessed the Narragansett of their land. This analysis contributes to the literature on empire and colonialism, as well as theoretical debates on primitive accumulation and settler colonialism, by exploring and identifying the mechanisms by which primitive accumulation operated within a specific settler-colonial context. In the end, I argue that sociology must expand analytically and conceptually to include indigenous experiences of ongoing dispossession in order to end the disciplines complicity in the elimination of the native.
Copovidone-related Cutaneous Response in the Dog
Authors: Morgan Sherry J. , Besenhofer Lauren M. , Buck Wayne , Lorenz Helga , Rhodes James W. , Yang Yi
Published: September 2016

A cutaneous response (localized swelling and/or erythema of the skin) has been noted in dog toxicology studies in which multiple, unrelated compounds were administered orally with copovidone as a vehicle. The response has been noted in studies with 6 different test items that are structurally unrelated and span several different therapeutic indications spanning an approximate 6-year period (2009–2015). A factor common among the studies is the formulation—a copovidone amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Cutaneous responses have not been observed in dogs administered non-ASD formulations of the same test items but have occasionally been noted in placebo (copovidone control) dogs. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (a polymer of one of the primary components of copovidone) has been reported to result in similar findings in dogs when administered by the intravenous route. Considerations for the role of copovidone and the potential role of histamine in the cutaneous changes are outlined.
Expansion Pharyngoplasty by New Simple Suspension Sutures without Tonsillectomy
Authors: El‐Ahl Magdy Abdalla Sayed , El‐Anwar Mohammad Waheed
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to introduce and assess a new minimally invasive expansion pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using bilateral new advancement sutures without tonsillectomy. Among 24 patients who had OSA with Friedman stage II or III and type I Fujita, bilateral sutures were performed to advance and stabilize palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus muscles anterolaterally. Mean apnea hypopnea index decreased significantly from 28.6 ± 4.2 preoperatively to 8.9 ± 4.9 postoperatively. The lowest oxygen saturation increased significantly from 79.25 ± 4.12 to 89.29 ± 4.12. Moreover, the visual analog score showed statistically significant reduction in the snoring intensity from a preoperative mean of 8.2 ± 1.4 to 2.1 ± 1.4 at 6 months postoperatively. Significant improvements were also documented in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, as its mean decreased from 11.7 ± 2.9 preoperatively to 5.1 ± 2.2 postoperatively. In conclusion, the described new sutures could significantly correct OSA in patients with retropalatal obstruction and lateral pharyngeal walls collapse with easy applicability and no reported complication.
Optimizing Positioning for In‐Office Otology Procedures
Authors: Govil Nandini , DeMayo William M. , Hirsch Barry E. , McCall Andrew A.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Surgeons often report musculoskeletal discomfort in relation to their practice, but few understand optimal ergonomic positioning. This study aims to determine which patient position—sitting versus supine—is ergonomically optimal for performing otologic procedures.

Study Design

Observational study.

Setting

Outpatient otolaryngology clinic setting in a tertiary care facility.

Subjects and Methods

We observed 3 neurotologists performing a standardized simulated cerumen debridement procedure on volunteers in 2 positions: sitting and supine. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)—a validated tool that calculates stress placed on the upper limb during a task—was used to evaluate ergonomic positioning. Scores on this instrument range from 1 to 7, with a score of 1 to 2 indicating negligible risk of developing posture‐related injury. The risk of musculoskeletal disorders increases as the RULA score increases.

Results

In nearly every trial, RULA scores were lower when the simulated patient was placed in the supine position. When examined as a group, the median RULA scores were 5 with the patient sitting and 3 with the patient in the supine position (P <. 0001). When the RULA scores of the 3 neurotologists were examined individually, each had a statistically significant decrease in score with the patient in the supine position.

Conclusion

This study indicates that patient position may contribute to ergonomic stress placed on the otolaryngologist’s upper limb during in‐office otologic procedures. Otolaryngologists should consider performing otologic procedures with the patient in the supine position to decrease their own risk of developing upper‐limb musculoskeletal disorders.
Financial Inclusion and Human Development: A Cross-country Evidence
Authors: Nanda Kajole , Kaur Mandeep
Published: September 2016

Of late, financial inclusion has assumed a development policy priority in many countries. To consider the importance of the same, this study attempts to compute a comprehensive, cross-country index of financial inclusion (IFI), and use it to measure progress of financial inclusion in 68 countries from 2004 through 2008, to 2012. With the mean IFI value upgrading from 0.292 (low inclusion level) in 2004 to 0.332 (medium inclusion level) in 2012, the article exhibits a general improvement in the extent of financial inclusion for the period. Indicated by a diminution in the coefficient of variation (CV) of IFI from 0.853 in 2004 to 0.703 in 2012, the results also evidence convergence in IFI values. Seeking to measure the relationship between financial inclusion and human development, the article finds a strong and significant correlation between the two. Additionally, not only the Human Development Index (HDI) but also the income level of countries seems to show a movement, in tandem with the extent of financial inclusion evidenced by them. As an all-inclusive measure of socio-economic development, an IFI-incorporated HDI (modified HDI) has additionally been computed for the year 2012. The same has been employed to compare the extent of socio-economic development of the countries, as shown by HDI alone, and also by the proposed measure. Modified HDI, by capturing the vitality of ‘financial availability and access by all’, has been noted as an improved measure of socio-economic development over HDI. In addition, the study suggests removal of the stumbling blocks of financial illiteracy and technological backwardness to extend financial services to the unbanked masses. Financial inclusion is therefore a road that countries need to transverse to become global harbingers of development and prosperity.
A comparative study on the removal efficiency of metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+) using sugarcane bagasse-derived ZnCl2-activated carbon by the response surface methodology
Authors: Van Tran Thuan , Bui Quynh Thi Phuong , Nguyen Trinh Duy , Le Nhan Thi Hong , Bach Long Giang
Published: September 2016

In the present article, the optimization of removal of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ using sugarcane-based activated carbon was studied. The activated carbon synthesized from low-cost sugarcane bagasse via ZnCl2 activation process was found to possess surprisingly high surface area (>1500 m2/g). In adsorption study, the individual and interactive effects of three critical parameters including initial concentration, pH of solution, and activated carbon dosage on removal efficiency of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ were assessed by applying the response surface methodology combined with central composite design. The established second-order polynomial regression models provided an excellent interpretation of experimental data with acceptable coefficients of determination ( R2) and analysis of variance demonstrated statistical significance of the model terms. In the examined region, the predicted maximum removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were found in the order: Ni2+ (66.4%, 2.99 mg/g) < Cu2+ (90%, 13.24 mg/g) < Pb2+ (99.9%, 19.3 mg/g), which were also confirmed in the verification experiments.
Adsorption of antitumor antibiotic doxorubicin on MCM-41-type silica surface
Authors: Roik Nadiia V , Belyakova Lyudmila A , Dziazko Marina O
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the adsorption behavior of doxorubicin on MCM-41 silica, which was synthesized by templated sol–gel method, as a function of contact time, pH of solution, and drug equilibrium concentration. Experimental kinetic curves of adsorption were compared with theoretical models of Lagergren and Ho-McKay for pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order processes. Equilibrium adsorption of doxorubicin was analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller isotherm models. These results can be the basis for direct modification of MCM-41-type silicas sorption activity to drugs.
Subanesthetic ketamine decreases the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues
Authors: Fitzpatrick Christopher J , Morrow Jonathan D
Published: September 2016

The attribution of incentive-motivational value to reward-related cues contributes to cue-induced craving and relapse in addicted patients. Recently, it was demonstrated that subanesthetic ketamine increases motivation to quit and decreases cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent individuals. Although the underlying mechanism of this effect is currently unknown, one possibility is that subanesthetic ketamine decreases the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues. In the present study, we used a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure to identify sign-trackers, rats that attribute incentive-motivational value to reward-related cues, and goal-trackers, rats that assign only predictive value to reward-related cues. This model is of interest because sign-trackers are more vulnerable to cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior and will persist in this drug-seeking behavior despite adverse consequences. We tested the effect of subanesthetic ketamine on the expression of Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior and the conditioned reinforcing properties of a reward-related cue in sign- and goal-trackers. We found that subanesthetic ketamine decreased sign-tracking and increased goal-tracking behavior in sign-trackers, though it had no effect on conditioned reinforcement. These results suggest that subanesthetic ketamine may be a promising pharmacotherapy for addiction that acts by decreasing the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues.
Altered reward expectancy in individuals with recent methamphetamine dependence
Authors: Bischoff-Grethe Amanda , Connolly Colm G , Jordan Stephan J , Brown Gregory G , Paulus Martin P , Tapert Susan F , Heaton Robert K , Woods Steven P , Grant Igor ,   the TMARC Group
Published: September 2016

Background:

Chronic methamphetamine use may lead to changes in reward-related function of the ventral striatum and caudate nucleus. Whether methamphetamine-dependent individuals show heightened reactivity to positively valenced stimuli (i.e. positive reinforcement mechanisms), or an exaggerated response to negatively valenced stimuli (i.e. driven by negative reinforcement mechanisms) remains unclear. This study investigated neural functioning of expectancy and receipt for gains and losses in adults with (METH+) and without (METH−) histories of methamphetamine dependence.

Methods:

Participants (17 METH+; 23 METH−) performed a probabilistic feedback expectancy task during blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were given visual cues probabilistically associated with monetary gain, loss, or neutral outcomes. General linear models examined the BOLD response to: (1) anticipation of gains and losses, and (2) gain and loss monetary outcomes.

Results:

METH+ had less BOLD response to loss anticipation than METH− in the ventral striatum and posterior caudate. METH+ also showed more BOLD response to loss outcomes than to gain outcomes in the anterior and posterior caudate, whereas METH− did not show differential responses to the valence of outcomes.

Discussion:

METH+ individuals showed attenuated neural response to anticipated gains and losses, but their response to loss outcomes was greater than to gain outcomes. A decreased response to loss anticipation, along with a greater response to loss outcomes, suggests an altered ability to evaluate future risks and benefits based upon prior experience, which may underlie suboptimal decision-making in METH+ individuals that increases the likelihood of risky behavior.
Effects of a single, oral 60 mg caffeine dose on attention in healthy adult subjects
Authors: Wilhelmus Micha MM , Hay Justin L , Zuiker Rob GJA , Okkerse Pieter , Perdrieu Christelle , Sauser Julien , Beaumont Maurice , Schmitt Jeroen , van Gerven Joop MA , Silber Beata Y
Published: September 2016

Caffeine induces positive effects on sustained attention, although studies assessing the acute effects of low caffeine dose (<75 mg) on sustained attention are limited and use short-term tests. Therefore, we investigated the acute effects of a 60 mg dose of caffeine on sustained attention in tests lasting up to 45 minutes using 82 low or non-caffeine-consuming healthy male ( n=41) and female ( n=41) adults aged between 40 and 60 years. Vigilance was measured using Mackworth Clock test, Rapid Visual Information Processing Test, adaptive tracking test, saccadic eye movement and attention switch test. Effects on mood and fatigue were analysed using Bond and Lader and Caffeine Research visual analogue scales, and Samn–Perelli questionnaire. Saliva sampling was performed for both compliance and caffeine pharmacokinetic analysis. Administration of a 60 mg caffeine dose resulted in a significant improvement in sustained attention compared with the placebo. Also a significantly improved peak saccadic velocity and reaction time performance was found, and decreased error rate. Significantly increased feelings of alertness, contentment and overall mood after caffeine treatment compared with placebo were observed. This study demonstrated that in healthy adult subjects oral administration of a single 60 mg caffeine dose elicited a clear enhancement of sustained attention and alertness, measured both in multiple objective performances and in subjective scales.
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase by BIA 10-2474 in rat brain
Authors: Tong Junchao , Mizrahi Romina , Houle Sylvain , Kish Stephen J , Boileau Isabelle , Nobrega Jose , Rusjan Pablo M , Wilson Alan A
Published: September 2016

In a recent clinical trial, the drug BIA 10-2474, a putative fatty acid amide hydrolase(FAAH) inhibitor, was responsible for severe adverse events (SAEs), including one death. To date, there has been little reliable information divulged about the potency of BIA 10-2474 at FAAH in the central nervous system. We synthesised BIA 10-2474 and determined its ability to inhibit FAAH ex vivo in rat brain using a FAAH selective radiotracer. BIA 10-2474 proved to be a potent FAAH inhibitor with IC50s of 50–70 µg/kg (i.p.) in various brain regions. This information may be useful for determining the cause of the SAEs.