bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESINFORMAÇÃO E DEFORMAÇÃO NO ENSINO MÉDICO: A HOMEOPATIA NO CONTEXTO DA FARMACOLOGIA MÉDICA
Authors: Dantas Flávio
Published: July 2021

Resumo: Na tentativa de identificar passiveis causas relacionadas à difusão de atitudes preconceituosas e distorcidas a respeito da Homeopatia entre docentes, profissionais e estudantes de Medicina, realizou-se ampla consulta a diversos livros-textos de Farmacologia médica. Verificou-se que estes assumem duas posições básicas em relação à Homeopatia: omiti-la, ou afirmar que se trata de prática sem ação curativa, por tanto agindo simplesmente através de efeito placebo. Entretanto, nenhum dos autores menciona referência bibliográfica que confirme a veracidade da conclusão. A realização de pesquisas bem planejadas e controladas sobre a eficácia da terapêutica homeopática, de preferência em instituições de ensino médico, necessita ser estimulada e efetivada na busca de opções terapêuticas mais eficazes, menos dispendiosas e destituídos de efeitos colaterais.
TECHNOLOGICAL-NUTRITIONAL QUALITY TRAITS AND RELATIONSHIP TO BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN MESOAMERICAN AND ANDEAN BEANS
Authors: RIBEIRO NERINÉIA DALFOLLO , KLÄSENER GREICE ROSANA , MEZZOMO HENRIQUE CALETTI , STECKLING SKARLET DE MARCO
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT The common bean exhibits wide genetic variability for technological quality traits, mineral concentrations, and bioactive compounds. For this reason, investigating the correlations between those traits in common bean lines of different gene pools contributes to the progress of biofortification programs. In the present study, two recombinant inbred line populations of Mesoamerican and Andean common bean were evaluated at the F5:7 generation. Technological quality was evaluated based on mass of 100 grains and seed coat color, which was determined using a colorimeter that analyzed the L* (white to black), a* (green to red) and b* (blue to yellow) values. The concentration of six minerals and bioactive compounds (phytates and phenolic compounds) was evaluated and used to characterize the nutritional composition of the lines. The evaluated common bean lines differed (p ≤ 0.05) for all technological quality traits, mineral concentrations, and bioactive compounds, except for the zinc concentration in Andean beans. Seed coat color (L*, a*, and b* values) was highly correlated with most of the evaluated minerals and with the phytates in Mesoamerican beans. In Andean beans, seed coat color (L*, a*, and b* values) was correlated with the concentrations of potassium, magnesium, iron, and phenolic compounds. The nutritional composition of common bean lines of different classes is variable: black beans have higher concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, and phytates; carioca beans stand out with high magnesium concentration; and cranberry beans have higher concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and iron.
Consolidation of unsaturated soil by vertical drain considering smear and well resistance
Authors: Chen Z. , Ni P. , Zhu X. , Chen D. , Mei G.
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes an approximate analytical solution for equal-strain consolidation of unsaturated soils with vertical drains considering smear and well-resistance effects. According to the modified laws of both Fick and Darcy, the governing equations for the air and water phases are established in the matrix form and solved using the matrix analysis method. Comparisons with previous analytical solutions and finite difference solutions are conducted to assess the correctness of the proposed solution. Upon the successful calibration of the proposed approach, graphical interpretation is presented to elaborate the influence of combined smear and well-resistance parameters on the consolidation characteristics. It can be found that the proposed approximate analytical solution is accurate to meet engineering requirements. Moreover, the smear and well-resistance effects decrease the dissipation rate of excess pore-air and pore-water pressures considerably, while the average degree of consolidation at the end of the first consolidation stage does not change much for different combined smear and well-resistance parameters.
Behaviour evaluation of a gravelly soil–geogrid interface under normal cyclic loading
Authors: Liu F. Y. , Zhu C. , Yuan G. H. , Wang J. , Gao Z. Y. , Ni J. F.
Published: July 2021

Reinforced soil structures are often subjected to both static and dynamic loads. However, experimental data concerning the interaction of soil–geosynthetic interfaces under normal dynamic loads are scarce. This paper reports on a series of large-scale direct shear tests that are used to investigate the shear behaviour of a gravelly soil–geogrid interface under normal cyclic load (NCL) conditions. The results show that the shear stress magnitude under NCL conditions is generally between the shear stresses under normal static load (NSL) conditions corresponding to the upper and lower bounds of the NCL. The upper and lower envelopes of the shear stress–displacement curve increase with increasing initial stress and amplitude. The enhancement coefficient ([Formula: see text]) is used to describe the degree of influence of the additional cyclic load on the shear stress of the interfaces. The relative time shift between the shear stress ratio ([Formula: see text]) and the normal stress ([Formula: see text]) is nearly a constant of 0.5 cycles, and the influence of the initial stress on the stress ratio is opposite to that of the amplitude. Finally, the volume change response is discussed under different normal load conditions.
Diborides of transition metals: Properties, application and production. review. Part 2. Chromium and zirconium diborides
Authors: Krutskii Yu. L. , Gudyma T. S. , Dyukova K. D. , Kuz’min R. I. , Krutskaya T. M.
Published: July 2021

The second part of the review considers properties, application and methods for producing chromium and zirconium diborides. These diborides are oxygen-free refractory metal-like compounds. As a result, they are characterized by high values of thermal and electrical conductivity. Their hardness is relatively high. Chromium and zirconium diborides exhibit significant chemical resistance in aggressive environments. They have found application in modern technology because of these reasons. Chromium diboride is used as a sintering additive to improve the properties of ceramics based on boron carbide and titanium diboride. Zirconium diboride is a component of advanced ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC) ZrB2–SiC used in supersonic aircrafts and in gas turbine assemblies. Ceramics B4C–CrB2and B4C–ZrB2have high-quality performance characteristics, in particular, increased crack resistance. The properties of refractory compounds depend on the content of impurities and dispersion. Therefore, to solve a specific problem associated with the use of refractory compounds, it is important to choose the method of their preparation correctly, to determine the admissible content of impurities in the starting components. This leads to the presence of different methods for the borides synthesis. The main methods for their preparation are:a) synthesis from elements;b) borothermal reduction of oxides;c) carbothermal reduction (reduction of mixtures of metal oxides and boron with carbon;d) metallothermal reduction of metal oxides and boron mixtures;e) boron-carbide reduction. Plasma-chemical synthesis (deposition from the vapor-gas phase) is also used to obtain diboride nanopowders. Each of these methods is described.
Prospects for energy-saving methods of crushing brittle materials
Authors: Nikitin A. G. , Fastykovskii A. R. , Shabunov M. E. , Kurochkin N. M. , Bazhenov I. A.
Published: July 2021

Crushing machines are part of the charge departments of blast-furnace and steel-making shops of metallurgical enterprises. One of the main indicator of the crushing process is its energy efficiency. It is determined by the mass of crushed material when consuming a  unit of electricity. The article considers various methods of crushing brittle materials and the design of crushing machines for their implementation. The  analysis of the crushers has shown that impact crushers are the most energy-efficient. However, due to a significant drawback (the yield of a  suitable product is very small), they are practically not used in the metallurgical industry, in which high requirements are imposed on the finished product fractional composition. In the metallurgical industry, compression crushers are widely used with approximately the same specific energy intensity, that is, with the same energy consumption for the destruction of a unit volume of material of equal strength. Compression fracture is the most energy intensive crushing method known. In single-roll crushers, a  piece of material is fed into the gap between a roll and a solid, stationary plate. During the operation a complex stress state is generated in the destructed material. Compressive forces act on a piece of crushed material, causing normal compressive stresses in it, and an internal torque, causing shear stresses. This is achieved by the reduction in energy on crushing by 20 – 30 % in comparison with crushers operating in compression (all other things are equal). The  authors describe the design of a crusher, in which the destruction of the processed material occurs due to the forces acting on the crushed piece in one plane towards each other. In this case, only shear stresses arise in the processed piece. The use of crushers, in which the destruction of the processed material occurs due to generation of only tangential stresses in  a  piece, can reduce the energy consumption per unit of finished product by almost a half. The design of such crushers is a promising direction in the development of machines intended for crushing.
Diagnosis and treatment of nerve injury following venipuncture - A report of two cases -
Authors: Kim In Jung , Cho Hana , Yi Myung Sub , Park Yong Hee , Kim Sujin , Kim Duk Kyung , Shin Hwa-Yong
Published: July 2021

Background: Venipuncture is one of the one of the most commonly performed, minimally-invasive procedures; however, it may lead to peripheral nerve injury. Here, we describe the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of two self-reported cases of nerve injury during venipuncture with the aim of drawing attention to possible needle-related nerve injuries.Case: Two anesthesiologists in our hospital experienced an injury of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve during venipuncture. Immediately, they underwent ultrasound examinations and nerve blocks with oral medication, resulting in full recovery.Conclusions: Ultrasonography is important for the early and confirmative diagnosis of a nerve injury during venipuncture, and for immediate treatment with a nerve block. Moreover, it is imperative for both the practitioner and the patient to be aware of the possible complication of nerve injury after venipuncture.
Ferdinand Tönnies és a korai társadalomtudományok, II. rész
Authors: Kiss Endre
Published: July 2021

In Tönnies’ interpretation, it must be emphasized that the scientific approach of the society, i.e. the social sciences contain delayed branches. The temporal difference is particularly striking related to the natural sciences and exists permanently in specific features. In the past when the early social scientists appeared natural sciences were already in the most modern phase of their evolution as we experience it even today. We can point out Tönnies’ specific works published in the same year as Einstein’s special theory of relativity. We are currently far away from explaining this time shift. Hypothesizing this, there are two possible reasons. The first one might be the force of attraction of the modern natural sciences, which demonstrated almost every day the effectiveness of its scientific methodology. The „method ideal” of natural sciences was an irresistible magic attraction. The second reason can exist in the new motivations, which might have been triggered by the enlightened, emancipative and already socialist movements in the last third of the 19th century. For pioneers of social sciences, there was no „great theory”. No „normal science” existed since it was during hard labour and no scientific community existed at that time. However, can exist either (on which the many questionings according to the protagonists’ cooperation are really depending). It is also not different with the public and the larger scientific community, that we generally call „audience” („Publikum”). This stipulates, that the protagonists must always play several roles. Whether they want or do not, they must at least unite in themselves the philosopher’s and the scientist’s function. The only thing that exists is the „object”, the society as the new object of science. Their methods should dispose of a theoretical-epistemological dimension so that however this dimension should not be philosophical, should then not refer to general objectivity, but to an already earlier qualified particular objectivity.
A pécsi Erzsébet Tudományegyetem Stomatologiai Intézetének története
Authors: Dezső Krisztina
Published: July 2021

A pécsi Erzsébet Tudományegyetemen az 1920-as évektől voltak törekvések egy egyetemi fogászati rendelő létrehozására. Végül csak 1936-ra sikerült megvalósítani a Stomatologiai Intézet felállítását. Az intézet vezetője Oravecz Pál lett, aki a gyógyító munka mellett az egyetemisták oktatásában is részt vett, hetente tartott elméleti és gyakorlati órákat számukra. A rendelőben a helyi lakosság és a klinikák betegeinek ellátása mellett az egyetemisták fogászati szűrését és kezelését is végezték. A rendelő forgalma folyamatosan emelkedett, mintegy 26-féle fogászati, szájsebészeti beavatkozást és műtétet végeztek a munkatársak. Kifejlesztettek egy három egységből álló fogászati utazó rendelőt, melynek segítségével az intézettől távol is tudtak fogászati beavatkozásokat végezni. Az intézetben tudományos munka is folyt, Oravecz Pál és munkatársa, Kollár Lajos számos tudományos konferencián és előadáson ismertették eredményeiket. Oravecz Pál elévülhetetlen érdemeket szerzett az iskolafogászat művelése terén is.
A sebkezelés fejlődésének története
Authors: Szabóné Révész Erzsébet
Published: July 2021

The beginning of wound care dates back many thousand years. To make the wet wound treatment as it is used today so effectively had a bumpy road so far. Recognition of local processes, mapping of the effectiveness of materials needed for wound care, bleeding attenuation and traumatic shock management, destruction of invading pathogens, ensuring optimal hygiene for wound care, treatment of the underlying disease in chronic wounds, all contribute to our contemporary effective care. The series of military campaigns over millennia substantially promoted the treatment of casualties, and many achievements spreading in our day-to-day practice were taken over from the field surgery.
Physicochemical and Active Properties of Gelatine-Based Composite Gels Loaded with Lysozyme and Green Tea Polyphenols
Authors: Boyacı Derya , Kavur Pelin Barış , Gulec Şükrü , Yemenicioğlu Ahmet
Published: July 2021

Research background. The use of gel-based systems as a novel method for the delivery
of natural antimicrobial, antioxidant and bioactive compounds is a developing innovative solution for the food industry. This research aims to develop multifunctional active edible gels based on gelatine and its composites with improved mechanical properties.
Experimental approach. Antilisterial and bioactive composite gels showing different
physical and active properties from classical gelatine gel were developed by loading
lysozyme and green tea extract into gelatine/starch and gelatine/wax composite gels.
Mechanical properties, swelling profiles, colour, release profiles, and antimicrobial and
bioactive properties of the gels were characterised.
Results and conclusions. Gelatine/wax gels showed 1.3- to 2.1-fold higher firmness and
cutting strength than gelatine and gelatine/starch composite gels that had similar firmness and cutting strengths. Work to shear of both composite gels was 1.4- to 1.9-fold higher than that of gelatine gel. The gelatine/starch gel showed the highest water absorption capacity. Green tea extract reduced soluble lysozyme in all gels, but composite gels contained higher amount of soluble lysozyme than gelatine gel. All the gels with lysozyme inhibited Listeria innocua growth in the broth media, while green tea extract showed antilisterial activity only in gelatine/wax gels. Gels with green tea extract showed antioxidant, antidiabetic (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition), antihypertensive (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition) and antiproliferative activities (on Caco-2 human colon carcinoma cells). However, gelatine and gelatine/wax gels showed the highest antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. The gelatine/wax gels prevented phenolic browning, while green tea extract in other gels showed moderate or extensive browning.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This work clearly showed the possibility of improving mechanical properties and modifying water absorption and controlled release profiles of gelatine gels using gelatine/starch and gelatine/wax composites. The novel composite gels reduced browning of incorporated polyphenols and showed antilisterial and bioactive properties.
“The Department Was Buzzing with Activity Day and Night...»” from the History of the Temporary Branch of the State Bankin Verkhneudinsk, 1894-1905
Authors: Plekhanova Anna , Shirapov Aldar
Published: July 2021

The article examines the history of the temporary branch of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in Verkhneudinsk on the basis of archival documents found in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region, published sources and literature. The reasons for setting up a bank office on the territory of Western Transbaikal are identified, primarily due to the need to provide credit and financial services during the «most outstanding» Verkhneudinskaya Winter Fair with a turnover of more than two million rubles. The role of the director of the Irkutsk branch of the State Bank A. M. Mikhailovsky in the foundation and subsequent activities of the banking department is determined. The work of bank employees in providing typical banking services to the population of the region (lending, accounting for bills of exchange, making money transfers, accepting deposits) is analyzed, and the dynamics of credit and financial transactions is revealed. The influence exerted by the activities of the temporary branch on the economic development of Western Transbaikal and, in particular, on the formation of its banking system is established. The reasons for the short history of the branch and its closure are revealed, the main of which was the decline of the fair trade caused by the construction of the railway line.
Arranging Features of Marketing of Grocery Chain Retailing in the Context of New Trade Formats
Authors: Fedotov Andrey
Published: July 2021

Chain retailing is one of the most actively developing sectors of the Russian economy. Moreover, its condition has long been at a sufficiently high level of development to consider in detail the technology of an integrated, systematic arrangement of marketing analysis work. Modern practice shows that traditional retailers operating in classic trading formats do not pay enough attention to progressive marketing tools. According to the leaders of the grocery chain retailing, marketing efforts in this segment of the retail market are ineffective. In addition, current events related to the pandemic are making their own adjustments to the development of retail in the food market. It is this segment of the chain business that suffered the greatest losses. The article deals with the analysis of the state of the grocery retailing in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Marketing actions and tools used by representatives of the chain retailing, as well as its arrangement in the context of new trade formats are analyzed. The possibility of applying a new strategy of interaction between grocery retail representatives and suppliers, manufacturers is considered. Marketing ways of increasing the efficiency of retail chains in the grocery market are suggested.
Mechanism of Legal Support for Innovative Activity at Federal and Sub-Federal Levels
Authors: Basova Anna
Published: July 2021

In order to create an effective mechanism to support competitive knowledge- and high-tech-based economy, being one of the key priorities of the Russian Federation development, it is essential to create a sufficient conceptual framework for innovative activity. At the moment, the lack of an effective mechanism for the legal regulation of innovative relations is a significant deterrent to the creation of a competitive innovative economy, which leads to insufficient development of fundamental methodological issues in this area, causing underfunding of innovative projects. The author has classified statutory acts which regulate the issues directly or indirectly related to innovative projects. It was carried out a comprehensive study of the legal regulation of innovative activity at the regional level, which made it possible to identify the forms of legal regulation of innovative activity at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Opportunities and Limitations of Tourism and Hospitality to Meet the Social Needs of Tourists
Authors: Danilenko Nina , Suranova Oxana
Published: July 2021

The transformation of tourism into a remarkable phenomenon of the twentieth century was due, among other things, to the development of human social needs, for the implementation of which there were quite a lot of opportunities in the field of tourism and hospitality. In particular, this was reflected in the formation of various types of tourism and the development of new types of accommodation and temporary accommodation, especially individual ones. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibility of interpreting social needs realized in the field of tourism and hospitality as manifestations of a special need — the need for tourism as such, which must be met even in conditions of external restrictions, which are considered to be the provisions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was carried out using methods of generalization, systematization, analysis and synthesis of material corresponding to the topic. Achievement of the goal of the study involved the solution of three tasks such as revealing the nature of social needs and determining the relationship between their state and the development of the tourism and hospitality sector; analyzing the features of meeting the social needs of tourists in the individual accommodation facilities sector; identifying opportunities to meet social needs in the special conditions of the tourism and hospitality sector (overcoming the restrictions caused by the pandemic). Tourism is interpreted as a special socio-cultural need of a person as a traveler and as a form of meeting other social needs. The development and implementation of the latter is determined by the opportunities associated with the sphere of tourism and hospitality, a special role among which is currently played by the individual accommodation facilities (IAF). Since the need for tourism, for example, relating to the need to get new experiences, does not have a saturation limit, then when unfavorable conditions are formed (for example, pandemics) it does not disappear, but remains in a latent form. It can be implemented even if there are minimal opportunities to overcome restrictions. On the one hand, the study showed that an incentive is being formed for the further development of virtual forms of meeting social needs in the tourism sector in the current conditions associated with the pandemic. On the other hand, it showed that the need for «live» tourism remains.
China's Inner Mongolia Cluster for Diversified Processing of Brown Coal
Authors: Shupletsov Alexander , Zhang Yanjie
Published: July 2021

Economic growth is inseparable from the energy component. The use of electricity creates problems such as pollution and increased carbon emissions. This is especially true of the coal industry. In China's Inner Mongolia region, there is a need to restructure and diversify coal mining and processing, in particular in order to respond to social and economic challenges in some areas. The creation of new industrial clusters based on knowledge-intensive technologies for the extraction and integrated processing of coal minerals is becoming an important area of development.
The article describes the current situation with coal reserves in Inner Mongolia, which is closely related to the implementation of the national development plan of the West of China. Taking into account the diversified development of the coal industry in Inner Mongolia, its geographical location and transportation problems, it is proposed to create a territorial-industrial complex for integrated processing of domestic raw materials resources.
Concessionary Agreement as a Tool for Performing Innovative Activities by Electric Power Companies
Authors: Nikityuk Lyubov , Timchuk Oksana , Nechaev Andrey , Antipina Oksana , Zakharov Sergey , Vyaznikov Vadim
Published: July 2021

The electrical power sector is a social and strategical significant economic area which provides all sectors of the economy and the population with electric power resources.
Currently, the industry is characterized by a high level of worn-out fixed assets and an ever-increasing technical and technological backlog. The innovative development way is crucial for the electric power industry. It ensures the use of alternative energy sources, improves quality and reliability of power supply.
In order to move the country from the export economy to the resource-innovative one, the interaction between the government and private electric power companies is required.
The author has developed a concessionary mechanism based on public-private partnerships, contributing to innovative activities of electric power companies.
The article provides a diagram of the procedure for concluding a concessionary agreement for performing innovative activities in the electric power industry. It allows us to study a competition procedure.
The purpose of the concessionary mechanism is to achieve social and economic effects of investment and innovation processes in the electric power.
Modern Approaches to Ensuring the Receipt of Corporate Income Tax in the Regional Budget
Authors: Shchukina Tatyana , Rabdanova Lkhama
Published: July 2021

The article considers the main factors that influence the dynamics of corporate income tax receipts in the regional budget. Thus, changes in federal and regional legislation, the expansion of the tax base, and the improvement of the administration of income sources have the greatest impact. The performance of tax revenues of the consolidated budget of the Trans-Baikal Territory is analyzed, and the share of this tax in the total amount of tax revenues of the budget in 2017-2020 is shown. It is noted that the underestimation of the corporate income tax in 2020 is associated with the negative consequences of the impact of the spread of the new coronavirus infection on the region's economy, which led to a slowdown in the work of certain industries and to a significant decrease in economic activities of the region. The ways of increasing the receipts of corporate income tax in the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation are shown, namely through strengthening the interdepartmental interaction of the regional state authorities with the local offices of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, the ability to independently decide on the provision of appropriate tax benefits in the territory of the region, reduced rates, other preferences for corporate income tax or refusal of it, and others.
Problems of Transformation of Household Savings into Investments
Authors: Bubnova Yulia , Maslennikova Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

In modern conditions, searching for investment sources to develop economy is very relevant. The authors of the article focus on household savings as one of the most significant sources of investment, seeing that their investment function is not fully implemented in modern Russian practice. The article represents a dynamic study of population savings for over the past ten years and identifies the reasons for their decline. The authors analyze changes in the structure of savings and their investment directions and come to the conclusion about their inefficient use due to the predominance of passive ways of savings and insufficient use of the opportunities of a stock market. It is also determined the reasons that prevent the transformation of these savings into investments and the ways for solving these problems. The article considers an individual investment account as the most promising investment mode which is getting more and more popular. A special role in the transformation of household savings is assigned to the state, which must create the necessary conditions and provide access to the tools of the stock market for a large number of private investors.
Measuring the Efficiency of Turkish Natural Gas Distribution Companies Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: AYDIN Üzeyir , HÜNERLİ Ömür Cem
Published: July 2021

Natural gas should be distributed and consumed optimally in a given country since it is an important intermediate good for producers and a necessary final good for households with a low-income elasticity. Thus, this study aims to measure the efficiency of natural gas distribution companies responsible for delivering natural gas to economic units. The efficiency of 63 natural gas distribution companies operating in Turkey is estimated by the Stochastic Frontier Analysis method for 2013-2018. According to the findings, it is found that no firm operates within full efficiency. It is also concluded that while Bursa Natural Gas Distribution firm has the highest efficiency, Aksa Çanakkale Natural Gas Distribution firm has the lowest efficiency for the period studied. The findings show that inefficiency mainly stems from technical inefficiency rather than measurement errors and that natural gas distribution firms experience increasing returns to scale.
The Effect of International Remittances on Financial Development: Turkish Experience in the Period of 1974-2019
Authors: ÖZYILMAZ Ayfer , TOPRAK Metin , BAYRAKTAR Yüksel
Published: July 2021

In this study, workers’ remittances on financial development in Turkey are analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound (ARDL) method from 1974 to 2019. In the analysis, the dependent variable, which is the domestic credit to the private sector by banks (percent of GDP), is used as an indicator for financial development. In addition to international workers’ remittances, other independent variables include GDP per capita, interest rate, and inflation. International remittances are found to affect financial development positively; however, the effect is slight. In addition, growth affects financial development positively, inflation negatively, and the impact of interest is statistically insignificant.
Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Girişleri ve Yurtiçi Yatırım İlişkisi: Doğrusal Olmayan ARDL Yaklaşımı
Authors: KURUL Zühal
Published: July 2021

Doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri, 1980’lerin ortalarından bu yana gelişmekte olan ülkelerde uluslararası ekonomik aktiviteleri hızla artırmaktadır. Ayrıca, doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri bu ülkelerde teknoloji transferinin ve sermaye birikiminin bir dış kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin yurtiçi yatırımlar üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri ile yurtiçi yatırımlar arasındaki ilişkiyi Türkiye için 1984-2018 dönemini kapsayan veriler kullanarak doğrusal olmayan ARDL yaklaşımı ile analiz etmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri ile yurtiçi yatırımlar arasında uzun dönemde asimetrik bir tamamlayıcılık ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerindeki pozitif bir değişimin (artışın) yurtiçi yatırımlar üzerindeki uzun dönem etkisinin, negatif bir değişimin (azalışın) etkisinden daha büyük olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, yurtiçi yatırımların artırılması için politika yapıcıların yatırım ortamını iyileştiren ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımları daha çok çekmeyi sağlayan politikalar geliştirmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
COVİD-19 Süreci: Türkiye Deneyimi
Authors: SÜLKÜ Seher , COŞAR Kübra , TOKATLIOĞLU Yağmur
Published: July 2021

Covid-19 son yüzyılda gerçekleşen en ciddi küresel sağlık krizi olarak tanımlanmaktadır ve açıkça bir “küresel insani güvenlik” sorunudur. Covid-19, insani güvenlik kavramının ekonomik güvenlik, gıda güvenliği, sağlık güvenliği, bedensel güvenlik, toplumsal güvenlik ve politik güvenlik bileşenlerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla, pandemi ile mücadele sadece sağlık güvenliğinin değil insani güvenliğin tüm unsurlarının eşanlı düşünülmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Bu salgın dünya genelinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de sosyal hayatı, sağlık sistemini ve ekonomik hayatı neredeyse durma noktasına getirmiştir. İlk vakanın 11 Mart 2020’de kayıtlara girdiği ülkemizde salgının yayılımını azaltmak adına sosyal hayatı kısıtlayıcı önlemler hızlıca alınmış, 2020 yılı Haziran ayının başında ise yeni normalleşme dönemine geçilmiştir. Türkiye’de pandeminin etkilerini azaltmak üzere uygulanan mali destek paketinin GSYH’nın %12,8’i olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de Covid-19’un gelişim ve seyri ortaya konulmuş ve dünya deneyimi ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Ülkemizde pandemiyle mücadele çerçevesinde uygulanan sağlık-finansal-mali önlemler sunulmuştur. Çalışmamız başlangıcından itibaren pandemi sürecinin resmini çekmiştir. Pandemideki belirsizlik, sürecin sürekli takibini gerektirmektedir.
Finansal Esneklik, Firma Değeri ve Finansal Performans İlişkisi: İnşaat Sektörü Üzerine Panel Kantil Regresyon Yaklaşımı
Authors: TOPALOĞLU Emre Esat , EGE İlhan
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, 2013:12-2020:06 dönemi için inşaat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmaların finansal esneklikleri ile firma değeri ve finansal performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi panel kantil regresyon yöntemi ile ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, 0,25, 0,50 ve 0,75 kantil dilimleri için firma değerini ve finansal performansı temsil eden iki farklı panel kantil regresyon modeli oluşturulmuştur. Hataların mutlak sapmasının en küçük olduğu Q2=0,5 dilimi için model değerlendirmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, finansal esneklik ile firma değeri ve finansal performans arasında anlamlı ve pozitif ilişki tespit edilirken, inşaat sektöründeki firmalar için finansal esnekliğin geçerli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
İç Kontrol Bileşenleri ile İç Kontrol Sisteminin Etkililiği İlişkisinde Durumsal Etkenlerin Farklılaştırıcı Etkisi: Üniversite İdari Personeli Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: FİDAN Tuncer , TEKŞEN Ömer
Published: July 2021

İç kontrol sistemi, yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışının etkisiyle kamu sektöründe yer bulmuş olan ve esasen özel sektör kaynaklı bir uygulamadır. Bu çalışmada iç kontrol bileşenleri ile iç kontrol sisteminin etkililiği ilişkisi ile bu ilişkide durumsal etkenlerin farklılaştırıcı etkisi sınanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre bilgi ve iletişim dışındaki iç kontrol bileşenlerinin iç kontrol hedefleri üzerinde anlamlı etkilerinin bulunmadığı, durumsal etkenlerin de iç kontrol bileşenleri ile hedefler arasındaki ilişkiyi farklılaştırmadığı görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, denetimlerde kontrol listesi yaklaşımının yanında iç kontrol hedefleriyle ilgili testlerin yapılması ve iç kontrol sistemi tasarlanırken yalnızca birim yöneticilerinin değil bütün çalışanların tasarım sürecine dâhil edilmesi önerilmiştir.
Comparative Inclusion: What Spanish Higher Education Teachers Assert
Authors: Pérez‐Carbonell Amparo , Ramos‐Santana Genoveva , Martínez‐Usarralde María‐Jesús
Published: July 2021

From a critical comparative perspective (far from more naive and resolute trends) this study delves into the problematisation that comes with recognising comparative education as ‘the science of the difference’ (Nóvoa, 2018). Despite the cementation of discursive, regulatory, and normative governance, of a new higher education regime (Zapp & Ramirez, 2019) revealing the growing isomorphism in the global political and educational discourse of academics, some idiosyncratic characteristics can be detected as a result of the policy implemented in each context. The aim of this article is to compare the beliefs and attitudes of professors from seven Spanish universities regarding diversity, as well as the level of inclusion in higher education, by means of an exploratory, descriptive, and comparative survey. A total of 977 educators participated in a purposive sampling. Descriptive techniques, contrasting differences and comparing proportions allowed us to detect that, although there are no major differences between the teachers’ beliefs and attitudes, some of the minor ones are still worth highlighting. Some of these are the commitment to incorporate diversity in methodologies and teaching resources, in their attempt to meet the needs of diverse people, or the way they perceived personal or institutional commitment to diversity. In conclusion, it is necessary to take a stance on diversity and inclusion that supports the need to stop and reflect on the richness they can provide, from a comparative position and constantly distancing ourselves (Kim, 2020) from today’s university system.
Faculty Perception of Inclusion in the University: Concept, Policies and Educational Practices
Authors: Mora Ana Maria Moral , Chiva Inmaculada , Lloret‐Catala Carmen
Published: July 2021

European universities must face the challenge of diversity and design inclusive practices to address it as part of their social responsibility. However, not all universities are doing the same in terms of diversity practices, so it is important to gather the perceptions of the protagonists. To this end, we have analysed university faculty’s perceptions using a mixed model with a concurrent methodological strategy, including an ad hoc questionnaire validated with 880 educators, as well as 17 semi‐structured interviews. The triangulation of these two instruments allowed us to analyse three key dimensions associated with the idea of attention to diversity in the university: diversity concept or culture, policies and programmes of the institution, and inclusive educational practices. The conclusion is that faculty members are positively predisposed to get involved in the process of attention to diversity in all three dimensions, especially in the design of inclusive teaching practices such as the UDL (universal design for learning), although they do point out that it is important to systematise diversity policies in research, innovation, and teaching to keep promoting the social commitment and responsibility of higher education institutions.
Assessing the Degree of Compliance with TQM Practices : Study of Banking Sector in Palestine
Authors: Daragmeh Ahmad , Bárczi Judit
Published: July 2021

Employing firm’s resources in a way can satisfy the unexpected needs of customers in less costs, which helps a firm to achieve a competitive edge against competitors considers the main goal for any business director. From other side, customers would prefer to deal with firms that offer goods and services with high level of quality, reliability and those at par with international standards. This has given the birth to the concept of TQM in service sector after proofing success in industrial sectors. The aim of the paper is to investigate the level of compliance to TQM practices in Banking sector in Palestine. In the beginning researcher reviewed literature studies to develop a knowledge about TQM practices (Leadership and Human resources development & management) in specific. and try to investigate the relationship between TQM practices and bank’s efficiency. Then, researcher have prepared a questionnaire to measure the level of compliance of Palestinian banks to TQM practices. 100 questionnaires have distributed for the bank employees, who work in different positions and departments. The results showed that less concern to TQM practices in leadership system, human resource development and management. Finally, researcher recommended that banks should give more attention to motivate employees through satisfying them financially and activate their role in decision making and work in a team soul.
European Green Deal Policy for the Circular Economy : Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kuci Arta , Fogarassy Csaba
Published: July 2021

In December 2019, a European Green Deal was introduced to the EU and its community as a new development strategy by the European Commission (EC). The key goal of the European Green Deal is to reshape the EU into an ethical society with efficient use of resources and a modern-competitive economy. The European Commission targets an absolute reduction of greenhouse gases net emissions by 2050 in all EU. Thus, one of the most important actions in implementing this new growth strategy “EGD” is to coordinate the industry for a circular and clean economy. To reach this goal, EC introduced the most advanced legislation follow-up package that EU's society and businesses can benefit from. This legislation package includes actions and steps with a connecting guideline of principal policies, starting from a very determined goal in eliminating emissions, as well as investments in related innovation and research in order to protect the natural environment of Europe. However, reaching the goal of being the first among other continents to be climate- neutral by 2050 is so far the biggest challenge, as well as the greatest opportunity for Europe. In reality, in order to implement such advanced goals, obstacles need to be addressed as well, in national and international level. Thus, this paper analysis the European Green Deal (EGD) policy, the opportunities provided by EGD, and in particular the challenges faced for reaching the targets of EGD.
SOCIALIST IDEOLOGY IN THE VIEWS OF S. PETLIURA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY
Authors: Semashko N.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the peculiarities of the social-democratic views of the prominent statesman Simon Vasilyevich Petliura in the period 1902-1917, that is, at the stage of forming his political worldview. The role of S. Petliura as one of the leading ideologues of the Ukrainian social democracy of the beginning of the XX century is determined. The attitude of S. Petliura to the Russian variants of marxism is analyzed, his views on European social democracy, the main issues of development of the Ukrainian people, and solving them through the prism of socialist ideas. His views on party building are studied, relations between the Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers 'Party and the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party. The key positions of the Russian Social Democrats have been identified, which became the subject of sharp criticism of S. Petliura. It turned out that Simon Petliura was a supporter of the European version of Social Democracy, in particular on the issue of the right of nations to selfdetermination. S. Petliura entered into a sharp controversy with representatives of the Russian Social-Democracy, argued the falsity of their views on non-recognition of the right of the Ukrainian people to autonomy, appealing to the works of Karl Kautsky. S. Petliura did not share the centralizing policy of the Russian Marxists regarding party building, defending the right of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers' Party to an independent organizational structure. Socialist ideology in views S. Petliura was dominant, but had bright national features. The key stages of formation of the worldview of the figure are determined. The transformation of its ideological foundations is determined.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOCENTRISM ON THE WORK OF ARTISTS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE
Authors: Churga Yu.
Published: July 2021

The article describes a number of factors that influenced the work of artists of the High Renaissance, in particular the philosophical thought of this period and changes in the worldview of people of this era. The article focuses on the origins of anthropocentrism in the intellectual sphere. The author outlines how Italy became the center of new ideas and the center of their implementation. This article was conducted to explore the impact of the philosophy of anthropocentrism on the work of Italian artists (their goals, means and evolution of the concept of "artist"). In conclusion, we can observe how interest in human nature grows, and that corporeality is not only the outer shell of man, which limits it. Artists of this period tend to realism and do not abandon the image of man and discover a new aesthetic in it. At the beginning of the 15th century the artist saw his role and believed that he was serving nature, which would teach him everything he wanted, with enough effort, patience and resources. The artist proudly demonstrates his skills in depicting animals, plants, figures, beautiful robes and landscapes, he is no longer a modest executor of someone else's will.
REFLECTION AND RECTIFICATION OF THE SACRAL PALACE CEREMONIAL "PROSKYNESIS" AT THE COURT OF THE ASSYRIAN AND ACHAEMENID RULERS
Authors: Baulina K.
Published: July 2021

The palace ceremonial "proskynesis" (gr. – προσκύνησις) – which consisted of a kiss and a bow – was considered and interpreted. A comparison of ancient Eastern traditions at the royal court of Assyrian and Achaemenid rulers is highlighted. The author tries to reconstruct the essence and meaning of proskynesis in the lives of kings and ordinary people. The work uses ancient greek written sources and the eastern source heritage, which is represented by reliefs and obelisks from Assyria and the Achaemenid Empire. The pertinence of the topic is an attempt to interpret part of the palace ceremony – proskynesis, and to highlight the royal cult of the ancient Eastern traditions at the court of Achaemenid empire. The purpose of the project is to determine some points in the ceremonial proskynesis, as a reflection of the sacred status of the ruler or as an element of court etiquette. The tradition of the sacralization of royal power was inherent in virtually all the ancient eastern people, but the concrete forms of this sacralization in different states could differ significantly from one another and not always included the "adorable" of the monarch. This ritual from the Persians borrowed from different countries was meant to mean the king's majesty. With his adoration, the ritual had nothing in common. Kings were considered to be the favorites of the gods, their pious choirs and priests. The range of postures to which proskynesis was applied is diverse, and therefore we have to make out the idea which gesture proskynesis can be consist off and we have to interpret this in several different ways, depending on its context, with possibilities ranging between "sending a kiss forward", kneeling down, prostrating oneself, or just a bow. And at all we need to determine is the proskynesis equal to prostration?