bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermochromic Color Switching to Temperature Controlled Volatile Memory and Counter Operations with Metal–Organic Complexes and Hybrid Gels
Authors: Nirmala Anjali , Mukkatt Indulekha , Shankar Sreejith , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: September 2020

Temperature is often not considered as a precision stimulus for artificial chemical systems in contrast to the host–guest interactions related to many natural processes. Similarly, mimicking multi‐state volatile memory operations using a single molecular system with temperature as a precision stimulus is highly laborious. Here we demonstrate how a mixture of iron(II) chloride and bipyridine can be used as a reversible color‐to‐colorless thermochromic switch and logic operators. The generality of the approach was illustrated using CoII and NiII salts that resulted in color‐to‐color transitions. DMSO gels of these systems, exhibited reversible opaque‐transparency switching. More importantly, optically readable multi‐state volatile memory with temperature as a precision input has been demonstrated. The stored data is volatile and is lost instantaneously upon withdrawal or change of temperature. Simultaneous read‐out at multiple wavelengths results in single‐input/multi‐output sequential logic operations such as data accumulators (counters) leading to volatile memory states. The present system provides access to thermoresponsive materials wherein temperature can be used as a precision stimulus.
Beware of changes: Conservation of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins in disturbed habitats
Authors: Huang Shiang‐Lin , Wu Haiping , Wang Xianyan , Peng Chongwei , Wang Chun‐Chieh
Published: September 2020

Protecting critical habitats of the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis, is a hot topic of discussion for marine biodiversity conservation in China and many Southeast Asian countries. In practice, sound habitat protection action (HPA) planning often suffers from information gaps in macroscopic habitat configurations and changes in the habitat conditions of humpback dolphins.

Recent publications in the journal Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) have served to advance humpback dolphin conservation in Chinese waters by resolving such habitat configurations and indicating significant changes in distribution patterns and habitat characteristics under intense coastal anthropogenic activity.

We highlight an integrative research framework to investigate habitat configuration and long‐term habitat changes when planning a holistic HPA programme for humpback dolphins. When constructing habitat configuration baselines, field surveys should be designed and conducted in a systematic manner to ensure survey efforts cover diverse environments equally, in either a spatially stratified or gridded pattern, to minimize potential spatial sampling biases. Long‐term habitat changes can be revealed by comparing satellite images from different decades. Changes in habitat preferences and habitat characteristics can be explored through questionnaire surveys on local ecological knowledge, associating historical occurrences with coastline features and projecting historical habitat configuration by species distribution modelling exercises.

A lack of good communication and sharing of information between research and management sectors can still be an obstacle to the implementation of sound conservation practices, however, even though there is robust scientific evidence to fill knowledge gaps in distribution and habitat baselines. We have addressed the need to establish a mechanism to improve and streamline information sharing between research teams, management sectors, and stakeholder groups.
Putting publication into practice: A summary of the impact of selected articles published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
Authors: Boon Philip J. , Baxter John M.
Published: September 2020

This article introduces a special issue of Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) whose contributions demonstrate examples of the practical impact of the authors' previous AQC articles on the conservation of aquatic ecosystems.

The submitting authors of all articles published in AQC since 2009 were invited to express their interest in writing an article for the special issue. The 20 articles selected for publication discuss 33 AQC articles published from 2004 to 2019, spanning a wide range of geographical locations, habitat types, species groups, and impacts on aquatic conservation.

The two impacts reported most frequently are ‘Undertaking practical management of habitats and species’ and ‘Establishing partnerships’, closely followed by ‘Restoring habitats/reintroducing or translocating species’. Many authors demonstrate the importance of their articles in raising awareness across an extensive range of organizations.

Some impacts occur soon after publication (e.g. introduction of conservation guidelines), whereas others (e.g. influencing policy) take far longer. Authors report a wide range of methods for disseminating research results appropriate for different audiences, such as technical handbooks, seminars, magazine articles, media broadcasts, and field workshops.

To assess whether ‘conventional’ measures of impact match authors' perceptions, three metrics were calculated for the 33 AQC articles discussed in this issue: the number of citations, the number of downloads, and the Altmetric Attention Score. These metrics were not significantly higher for the 33 articles than the corresponding median metrics of the articles in the issues in which the 33 were published.

The goal of AQC is to continue to encourage scientists to recognize and promote the application of their research to practical conservation and management. Given the growing threats to aquatic ecosystems, much remains to be done to make this process even more effective.
Preliminary evidence for differential effects of integral and incidental emotions on risk perception and behavioral intentions: A meta‐analysis of eight experiments
Authors: Ferrer Rebecca A. , Ellis Erin M.
Published: September 2020

Judgment and decision‐making research often examines effects of emotion unrelated (i.e., incidental) to the decision when research questions center on emotion related (i.e., integral) to the decision, with a theory‐based assumption that the two types of emotion have equivalent influence. Experimentally targeting incidental emotion can overcome practical and ethical challenges that preclude manipulating integral emotion, particularly in medical contexts; however, the validity of the assumption that integral and incidental emotions have interchangeable influences on judgments and decisions, such as risk perceptions and behavioral intentions, has not been systematically examined. In a pre‐registered meta‐analysis of eight experiments (n = 5,336), we examined whether incidental fear and anger influenced risk perceptions and intentions similarly to integral fear and anger. To ensure the quality and intensity of the emotional experience remained constant across conditions, we rendered emotion integral or incidental to the threat by varying the type of outcomes assessed (matched or unmatched to the emotion induction). Results provide preliminary evidence that integral and incidental influences can differ. Most notably, incidental anger decreased risk perceptions, whereas integral anger increased them. Moreover, even when the direction of the effect of integral and incidental emotions was similar, the magnitude of the integral effect was larger. These findings suggest that the common practice of manipulating incidental emotions and generalizing findings to integral emotions may not be advisable, and as such, future work is needed to identify the specific features of the incidental and integral emotional experience that contribute to similarities and differences in their influence.
Detection of Al3+ and Fe3+ Ions with Phthalocyanine‐Merocyanine 540 Dye‐Based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Bayraktutan Tuğba , Gür Bahri , Demirbaş Ümit
Published: September 2020

In this study, a sensor system was designed to detect metal ions based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process between free‐phthalocyanine (PC) and merocyanine 540 (MC540). Following the determination of parameters and appropriate conditions for energy transfer, the sensor system was tested with different metal ions. The conclusion was that the system showed high selectivity to iron and aluminum ions. In this FRET system, limit of detection (LOD) values for metal ions were calculated as 437 nM for Al3+ and 32.1 nM for Fe3+. The system was able to detect iron and aluminum in very low concentrations. It also showed good selectivity for the two metal ions.
A Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Prostate‐Specific Antigen Detection Using Silica‐Coated CdSe@ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Bock Sungje , An Jaehyun , Kim Hyung‐Mo , Kim Jaehi , Jung Heung‐Su , Pham Xuan‐Hung , Rho Won‐Yeop , Jun Bong‐Hyun
Published: September 2020

Protein detection technologies are important for early disease diagnosis because of their advantages over biopsy testing. Considering the diagnostic potential of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer, in this study, we present a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for successful detection of PSA by using silica‐coated CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QD@SiO2). The QD@SiO2 were synthesized using a reverse microemulsion method. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) was 51.76 nm, and their quantum yield (QY) was relatively high (36.5%). PSA detection was performed using LFIA on a strip. The QD@SiO2 surface was modified by conjugating the anti‐PSA antibody to detect the PSA. At concentrations above 1.0754 ng/mL, PSA was detected using the designed LFIA system without any nonspecific binding. The proposed QD@SiO2 has other bioapplications as well.
Genetic variation associated with childhood and adult stature and risk of MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma
Authors: Semmes Eleanor C. , Shen Erica , Cohen Jennifer L. , Zhang Chenan , Wei Qingyi , Hurst Jillian H. , Walsh Kyle M.
Published: September 2020

Background

Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor. MYCN‐amplification is an important negative prognostic indicator and inherited genetic contributions to risk are incompletely understood. Genetic determinants of stature increase risk of several adult and childhood cancers, but have not been studied in neuroblastoma despite elevated neuroblastoma incidence in children with congenital overgrowth syndromes.

Methods

We investigated the association between genetic determinants of height and neuroblastoma risk in 1538 neuroblastoma cases, stratified by MYCN‐amplification status, and compared to 3390 European‐ancestry controls using polygenic scores for birth length (five variants), childhood height (six variants), and adult height (413 variants). We further examined the UK Biobank to evaluate the association of known neuroblastoma risk loci and stature.

Results

An increase in the polygenic score for childhood stature, corresponding to a ~0.5 cm increase in pre‐pubertal height, was associated with greater risk of MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma (OR = 1.14, P = .047). An increase in the polygenic score for adult stature, corresponding to a ~1.7 cm increase in adult height attainment, was associated with decreased risk of MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma (OR = 0.87, P = .047). These associations persisted in case‐case analyses comparing MYCN‐amplified to MYCN‐unamplified neuroblastoma. No polygenic height scores were associated with MYCN‐unamplified neuroblastoma risk. Previously identified genome‐wide association study hits for neuroblastoma (N = 10) were significantly enriched for association with both childhood (P = 4.0 × 10−3) and adult height (P = 8.9 × 10−3) in >250 000 UK Biobank study participants.

Conclusions

Genetic propensity to taller childhood height and shorter adult height were associated with MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma risk, suggesting that biological pathways affecting growth trajectories and pubertal timing may contribute to MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma etiology.
A Simplified Procedure for Biologically Oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation: Clinical and Histological Findings From a Case Report
Authors: Pramstraller Mattia , Farina Roberto , Simonelli Anna , Götz Werner , Trombelli Leonardo
Published: September 2020

Introduction

A recent systematic review failed to identify one approach for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with superior outcomes compared with the others. The present case report presents a novel, simplified technique for ARP, namely the Biologically‐oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation (BARP), based on socket grafting and sealing.

Case Presentation

After extraction of tooth #19, the socket was filled with a collagen sponge up to 4‐5 mm from the most coronal extension of the bone crest (deep collagen layer). A bovine‐derived xenograft was placed on top of the collagen sponge to fill the coronal part of the socket (graft layer). Socket sealing was then performed by placing a collagen sponge over the exposed portion of the graft (superficial collagen layer), and the wound healed by secondary intention. At implant insertion (4 months after ARP), limited reduction in bone width and no vertical change in ridge height were observed. Histological analysis of a biopsy specimen retrieved during implant site preparation showed a gradient ranging from interconnected trabeculae of mature, lamellar bone in the apical portion to cancellous bone incorporating a modest number of remodeled graft granules in the central portion. In the coronal portion, non‐mineralized tissue with sparse isles of newly formed cancellous bone and residual graft granules was found.

Conclusion

The present case report indicates that BARP might provide ideal conditions for preserving the pre‐existing alveolar ridge dimensions following tooth extraction while restricting any potential interference of the graft biomaterial with bone healing dynamics to the coronal part of the socket.
A challenging diagnosis of a nonsecretor plasma cell dyscrasia with pleomorphic plasmablastic morphology
Authors: Van Landeghem Stijn , Capiau Sara , Bayart Jean‐Louis , Vlummens Philip , Van Dorpe Jo , Van Roy Nadine , Philippé Jan
Published: September 2020

This report highlights the importance of integrating clinical, radiological, genetic, and pathological laboratory findings to make a correct diagnosis especially with challenging and rare entities.
Getting to the heart of childhood empathy: Relations with shyness and respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Authors: MacGowan Taigan L. , Schmidt Louis A.
Published: September 2020

Although prior studies have found that shyness and empathy are inversely related and that well‐regulated children tend to express empathic behaviors more often, little work has assessed combinations of these factors in predicting affective and cognitive empathy in early childhood. The authors examined relations among shyness, resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and observed affective and cognitive empathy in a sample of 130 typically developing children (Mage = 63.5 months,SD = 12.2; 62 males). Shyness was assessed by observing children's behaviors during a self‐presentation task, and this observed measure was then combined with a maternal report of children's temperamental shyness. Children's shyness predicted lower levels of both affective and cognitive responses to an experimenter feigning an injury. Resting RSA moderated the relation between children's shyness and observed empathy such that relatively higher shyness combined with lower RSA levels conferred the lowest levels of cognitive empathy. Children who were relatively low in shyness exhibited similar levels of cognitive empathy across different levels of RSA. However, this moderation was not found when predicting children's affective empathy. Our results suggest that not all shy children are alike in terms of their empathic behaviors: shy children who are physiologically dysregulated appear to have difficulties exploring and/or processing others’ pain.
Mental imagery training in older adults: Which are benefits and individual predictors?
Authors: Vranic Andrea , Martincevic Marina , Borella Erika
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Strategic memory training involves explicit instructions in mnemonic methods to improve recall. Mental imagery is considered among the most effective encoding strategies. The aim of the present study was to assess the benefits of a strategic memory training based on mental imagery (originally proposed by Carretti et al., 2007) and to further investigate its potentials. The study represents a replication in a new and independent cultural setting and features valuable methodological amendments, while it also examines individual predictors of training efficacy.

Design

A sample of 91 older volunteers (age 61–88), divided in training and control group, participated in the training. Specific training gain in the immediate word list recall (criterion task), as well as transfer effects on Letter‐Number Sequencing (working memory [WM] task), long‐term recall and recognition (LTM tasks) were tested at the pretest and at the posttest.

Results

Analysis of variance showed posttraining effects in immediate word recall and long‐term verbal recall, but no effects in WM task and long‐term recognition. Regression analysis showed age to be the only significant predictor in one task, the immediate word recall.

Conclusions

Overall, proposed training can improve some aspects of memory performance by aiding in strategic use of mental imagery. Transfer to other tasks and contribution of individual predictors to training efficacy results limited, however. It seems that training benefits are evident when task similarity enables transfer‐appropriate processing (as evidenced in gains of both recall tasks), while training efficacy relies on individual characteristics which contribute to the execution of some task components.
Diagnostic value of exosomal circMYC in radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Luo Yanwei , Ma Jinqi , Liu Fengxia , Guo Jie , Gui Rong
Published: September 2020

Background

The relationship between circulating exosomal circular RNA (circRNA) and prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unknown. This study focused on the expression of exosomal circMYC and its relationship with the recurrence and prognosis of patients with NPC.

Methods

The circulating exosomes were obtained from 210 patients with NPC. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, colony formation, and bioinformatic analysis were performed.

Results

Circulating exosomal circMYC was significantly increased in patients with NPC and was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, survival rate, and disease recurrence. Gain‐functional and loss‐functional experiments revealed that overexpression of circMYC promoted cell proliferation and reduce radiosensitivity, while knockdown of circMYC inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced radiotherapy.

Conclusion

circMYC is an oncogene in NPC cells and can enhance the radiotherapy resistance of NPC cells. Circulating exosomal circMYC can be used as a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
Intimate partner violence in a young pregnant woman at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Umemmuo Maureen U. , Olaomi Oluwole , Dikko Ramatu , Efetie Efena R.
Published: September 2020

Synopsis

Identification of violence against pregnant women and provision of specific interventions to address these cases should be an international health priority.
Concluding commentary: Treating perfectionism transdiagnostically with an eye on the future
Authors: Podina Ioana R.
Published: September 2020

The current piece of work is a commentary section for the special issue regarding the treatment of perfectionism. It discusses analytically the similarities and the differences between the six clinical case formulations included in the special issue to emphasize that there are different routes to beneficial outcomes. All the psychotherapeutic approaches included here are either transdiagnostic or have transdiagnostic applications. As such, the second part of the commentary focuses on the transdiagnostic future of the treatment of perfectionism. Concluding remarks evidence a collection of clinical case studies covering multiple forms of psychotherapy and an integrating overview of the literature from which practitioners can extract best practices examples. Though there is still a lot to be done with and for interventions on perfectionism, the current collection of case studies is a good starting point.
Alcoholic beverage consumption, smoking habits, and periodontitis: A cross‐sectional investigation of the NutriNet‐Santé study
Authors: Hamdi Zeineb , Detzen Laurent , Fessi Sabrine , Julia Chantal , Hercberg Serge , Czernichow Sébastien , Boillot Adrien , Touvier Mathilde , Bouchard Philippe , Andreeva Valentina A. , Carra Maria Clotilde
Published: September 2020

Background

Recent evidence suggests that dietary habits influence the development and severity of periodontitis. The present cross‐sectional study evaluated the association between different types and quantity of alcoholic beverage consumption (alone and interacting with smoking) and the probability to suffer from severe periodontitis in the French e‐cohort NutriNet‐Santé.

Methods

The study population consisted of 35,390 adults (mean age: 49.04 ± 13.94 years), who filled oral health questionnaires and completed at least three non‐consecutive 24‐hour dietary records. Data on type and frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption were obtained from a semi‐quantitative self‐reported alcohol frequency questionnaire; the daily quantity (g/day) was estimated from the 24‐hour dietary records. The probability of severe periodontitis (main dependent variable) was assessed by calculating the modified periodontal screening score (mPESS) from selected questions.

Results

A total of 7263 individuals (20.5%) presented a high probability of suffering from severe periodontitis (high‐mPESS). After adjusting for confounding factors, the frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption was significantly higher among high‐mPESS group than their low‐mPESS counterparts, especially for hard liquor/spirits (1.9 ± 1.4 days/week for high‐PESS versus 1.6 ± 1.1 days/week the low‐PESS [P < 0.0001]). The mean daily quantity of ethanol was also higher in high‐mPESS versus low‐mPESS individuals (11.2 ± 15.6 versus 7.9 ± 12.3 g/day;P = 0.011). A stronger association with self‐report severe periodontitis was noted when alcohol consumption exceeding > 20 g/day for women and > 30 g/day for men was combined with smoking habit (OR = 7.30 [95% CI: 6.1‐8.73]).

Conclusion

The present results support an association between alcoholic beverage consumption and self‐report severe periodontitis, particularly when it is associated with current smoking.
Technological, nutritional, and sensory properties of durum wheat fresh pasta fortified with Moringa oleifera L. leaf powder
Authors: Simonato Barbara , Tolve Roberta , Rainero Giada , Rizzi Corrado , Sega Davide , Rocchetti Gabriele , Lucini Luigi , Giuberti Gianluca
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Pasta is a staple food that is consumed worldwide and is an excellent product for the addition of ingredients rich in bioactive compounds. The fortification of pasta with such compounds could represent a healthy choice for consumers.

RESULTS

In this study, fresh pasta was formulated by replacing durum wheat semolina with 0, 5, 10, and 15 g 100 g−1 of dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP), rich in fibers, minerals, and antioxidant compounds. Increasing levels of MOLP influenced the technological and nutritional properties of wheat‐based fresh pasta. Moringa oleifera reduced the optimum cooking time, the swelling index and firmness, while increasing the cooking loss and adhesiveness. From a nutritional viewpoint, the inclusion of MOLP enhanced the phenol content, the antioxidant activity, and the mineral content of fresh pasta. The products obtained had good sensorial acceptability and can make several nutritional claims due to MOLP richness minerals.

CONCLUSIONS

The fortification of fresh pasta with MOLP could represent a valuable strategy to increase the nutritional value of the product, preserving pasta technological properties without affecting sensory acceptability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Yttrium‐90 radiation segmentectomy for hepatic metastases: A multi‐institutional study of safety and efficacy
Authors: Padia Siddharth A. , Johnson Guy E. , Agopian Vatche G. , DiNorcia Joseph , Srinivasa Ravi N. , Sayre James , Shin David S.
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives

This study assessed the outcomes of Yttrium‐90 (90Y) radiation segmentectomy for hepatic metastases unamenable to resection or ablation.

Materials and Methods

Over 6 years, 36 patients with 53 tumors underwent segmental radioembolization. Patients were not candidates for surgical resection or thermal ablation. Malignancies included metastases from colorectal cancer (31%), neuroendocrine tumors (28%), sarcoma (19%), and others (22%). Eighty‐one percent of patients had undergone prior treatment with systemic chemotherapy. Ongoing systemic chemotherapy was continued. Toxicity, tumor response, tumor progression, and survival were assessed.

Results

The median tumor size was 3.6 cm (range 1.2–6.1 cm). Adverse event rates were low, with no hepatic‐related Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Target tumor Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors disease control rate was 92% (28% partial response, 64% stable disease). For patients with enhancing tumors (n = 14), modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors target tumor objective response rate was 100%. During a median follow‐up of 12 months, target tumor progression occurred in 28% of treated tumors. Overall survival was 96% and 83% at 6 and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusions

90Y radiation segmentectomy for hepatic metastases demonstrates high rates of tumor control and minimal toxicity. Radiation segmentectomy should be considered for patients with metastatic hepatic malignancy who are not candidates for surgical resection.
Effects of Al‐Ni powder addition on dissimilar friction stir welding between AA7075‐T6 and 304 L
Authors: Muhamad M.R. , Jamaludin M.F. , Yusof F. , Mahmoodian R. , Morisada Y. , Suga T. , Fujii H.
Published: September 2020

Friction stir welding between AA7075‐T6 aluminum alloy and 304 L stainless steel sheet metal was performed with the addition of Al−Ni powder between the joining interfaces to increase the joining performance. The welding tool was rotated at 200 min−1 to 800 min−1 with the constant traverse speed of 25 mm/min. The resulting joint interfaces were analyzed using a field emission‐scanning electron microscope and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy analysis. The tensile strength was greater for the Al−Ni powder added specimens at the lower tool rotational speeds. The tensile strength of 360 MPa was obtained for the ‘with‐powder’ specimen as compared to 220 MPa for the ‘without‐powder’ specimen at the 200 min−1 tool speed. Electron microscope images of the stir zone showed a significant mixing of the Al−Ni powder with the base materials, increased contact at the interface, which resulted in increased joining strength at the lower tool rotational speeds. However, based on the images, intermetallic compound that may contribute to the joining strength in the vicinity of the interfacial region was not detected.
Mathematical modeling of a temperature‐sensitive and tissue‐mimicking gel matrix: Solving the Flory–Huggins equation for an elastic ternary mixture system
Authors: Sung Baeckkyoung
Published: September 2020

Programmed to retain active responsivity to environmental stimuli, diverse types of synthetic gels have been attracting interests regarding various applications, such as elastomer biodevices. In a different approach, when the gels are made of tissue‐derived biopolymers, they can act as an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) for use as soft implants in medicine. To explore the physical properties of hydrogels in terms of statistical thermodynamics, the mean‐field Flory–Huggins–Rehner theory has long been used with various analytical and numerical modifications. Here, we suggest a novel mathematical model on the phase transition of a biological hybrid gel that is sensitive to ambient temperature. To mimic acellular soft tissues, the ECM‐like hydrogel is modeled as a network of biopolymers, such as type I collagen and gelatin, which are covalently crosslinked and swollen in aqueous solvents. Within the network, thermoresponsive synthetic polymer chains are doped by chemical conjugation. Based on the Flory–Huggins–Rehner framework, our analytical model phenomenologically illustrates a well‐characterized volume phase behavior of engineered tissue mimics as a function of temperature by formulating the ternary mixing free energy of the polymer–solvent system and by generalizing the elastic free energy term. With this formalism, the decoupling of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter between the thermoresponsive polymer and ECM biopolymer enables deriving a simple steady‐state formula for the volume phase transition as a function of the structural and compositional parameters. We show that the doping ratio of thermoresponsive polymers and the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter between biopolymer and water affect the phase transition temperature of the ECM‐like gels.
Kalman filter tracking of sequence spot centroid ablated by femtosecond laser
Authors: Wang Fubin , Liu Mengzhu , Wang Shangzheng
Published: September 2020

In the process of processing monocrystalline silicon by femtosecond laser, there is a phenomenon of derived plasma luminescence, which formed the time series spot. The laser spot image contains some effective information related to process parameters, such as ablation power of femtosecond laser, processing speed and so on. Through the comprehensive analysis of the geometric features of the sequential spot image, it can be used in the closed‐loop feedback system of micromachining based on the features of the plasma spot image. Because the spot centroid can be used to locate the spot position accurately, the sequential spot centroid obtained by gray centroid method was used as the sampling data, which was tracked by Kalman filter, and then the movement law of the spot was observed and analyzed. In this paper, the discrete linear Kalman filter algorithm is used to establish motion model of the spot centroid, and the next movement state of spot is predicted, and then the trajectory of the spot is obtained. Generally, the traditional Kalman filter has some shortcomings, such as inaccurate model, too much noise, and it is difficult to achieve the optimal estimation, therefore, the application of Kalman filter in spot centroid tracking is optimized. Firstly, the process noise is updated in real time to correct the direction of acceleration accurately and reduce the uncontrollability of process noise by introducing the factor l; Secondly, combined with Wiener filter, the observation value is optimized to minimize the influence of observation noise; Thirdly, starting from the Kalman filter equation, the actual value of the previous moment is connected with the optimal estimated value by weighted addition based on the “Identity of A‐OE” operator, so as to improve the prediction accuracy of the current time. Finally, the EF‐BP neural network is introduced on the basis of the “Identity of A‐OE” operator, and a stable training system is used to optimize the weight repeatedly, so that the error can reach the expected value. The results show that the error of the observation value is reduced by 8.2503%, the error of the optimal filter estimation value is reduced to 0.3490, and the error reduction range is 6.7662. The centroid tracking accuracy of the ablated spot image is improved obviously.
Neurologic Complications due to Severe Micronutrient Deficiencies in an American Adolescent
Authors: Lyles John L. , Hellmann Jennifer A. , Oliveira Stephanie B.
Published: September 2020

Micronutrient deficiencies are a major global health problem but are less common in developed nations. If left unidentified and untreated, micronutrient deficiencies can lead to serious, sometimes irreversible, sequelae such as with vitamin A deficiency and vision loss. Providers should recognize these issues not only in chronically ill and hospitalized patients but in those with non–illness‐related malnutrition due to parent/child‐selected restricted diets. Herein, we present a case of unrecognized chronic, severe, malnutrition due to severe behavioral food selectivity with associated neurologic deficits due to hypovitaminosis (vitamins A and B2). With adequate enteral nutrition and vitamin repletion, our patient's neurologic deficits have partially recovered.
An inorganic cross‐linked quadruple shape memory hydrogel with high mechanical performance
Authors: Yin Yan‐Yu , Li Xin , Hu Zai‐Yin , Wang Ru
Published: September 2020

Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) have been the subject of great interest in recent years. However, there were few reports on the simultaneous multiple shape memory and high mechanical performance. Therefore, a novel nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel poly (acrylic acid)/Chitosan/ Laponite (PAA/CS/Laponite) was developed by using Laponite as physical cross‐linker. In order to achieve three temporary shapes, the PAA/CS/Laponite was soaked in iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3), sodium hydroxide (NaCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) respectively to (a) form metal coordination; (b) gain the chains entanglement of chitosan; (c) get the microcrystalline structure of chitosan. The maximum shape fixity ratio of PAA/CS/Laponite can reach 100% in 1 minute and it can be restored its original shape within 5 minutes. Moreover, PAA/CS/Laponite showed excellent mechanical performance. The maximum tensile and compressive strengths were 0.73 MPa and 13.1 MPa. By comparison with PAA/CS obtained from our previous work, the tensile strength, elongation at break and compressive strength increased by 2.21 times, 1.46 times, and 3.26 times respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the obtained sample has uniform honeycomb network structures which can effectively explain why the gel has strong mechanical performance. These characteristics make PAA/CS/Laponite have huge application potential in reality.
Another Look at Auxeticity of 2D Square Media
Authors: Bielejewska Natalia , Brańka Arkadiusz C. , Pieprzyk Sławomir , Yevchenko Tetiana
Published: September 2020

A general expression for the Poisson's ratio (PR) of square or 2D cubic materials is discussed in terms of the elastic moduli ratios, and , whereGandWare the shear moduli, andKis the bulk modulus. The entire ‐plane is partitioned into nonauxetic, partially auxetic, and auxetic regions by two straight lines. A representation of the ‐plane with the elastic constant ratio is exploited to investigate 2D square materials under nonzero hydrostatic pressure. It is demonstrated that 2D square materials with can be auxetic only under negative pressure. Similarities and differences between the corresponding descriptions of auxetic behavior of cubic 3D materials are pointed out.
Theoretical insights into the mechanism of rhodium‐catalyzed, PIII‐directed regioselective CH arylation of indole with anhydride
Authors: Wang Youjia , Shi Yao , Shao Jiaxuan , Deng Chao
Published: September 2020

Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the reaction mechanism of Rh(I)‐catalyzed, P(III)‐directed regioselective CH arylation of indole with anhydride through decarbonylative cross‐coupling. This mechanism involves four major steps: CH activation, oxidative addition, decarbonylation, and reductive elimination. Through this theoretic study, we find that the CH bond activation was accomplished by the hydrogen carbonate (−HCO3)‐assisted concerted metalation‐deprotonation (CMD) process, not through the oxidative addition of Rh(I)‐catalyst. Meanwhile, our calculation results indicate that the regioselectivity of CH bond arylation of indole with anhydride can be attributed to the relative stability of the CMD transition states in the CH bond activation process. Moreover, in the CH activation step, the base (−HCO3) is not coordinated with the Rh center.
An entropy‐based approach to detect and localize intraoperative bleeding during minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Rahbar Mostafa Daneshgar , Reisner Luke , Ying Hao , Pandya Abhilash
Published: September 2020

Background

During minimally invasive surgery (either robotic or traditional laparoscopic), vascular injuries may occur because of inadvertent surgical tool movements or actions. These vascular injuries can lead to arterial or venous bleeding with varying degrees of severity that may be life‐threatening.

Materials and Methods

Given that a bloody spot is characterized by homogenous and uniform texture, our algorithm automatically scans the entire surgical video frame‐ by‐ frame using a local entropy filter to segment each image into different regions sequence. By comparing changes in entropy in the frames sequences, the algorithm detects the moment of bleeding occurrence and its pixel location. We preliminarily tested the algorithm using ten minimally invasive‐surgery videos., each of which contains one surgical‐tool‐induced bleeding.

Results

Our results show that the algorithm can detect bleeding within 0.635 s, on average, after their occurrences and locate the bleeding sources within, on average, 2.5% of discrepancy in pixels from their origins.

Conclusion

In this study, we present a novel and promising local‐entropy‐based image processing algorithm that detects spurts of blood and locate their source in real‐time.
Does dispositional mindfulness buffer the links of stressful life experiences with adolescent adjustment and sleep?
Authors: Lucas‐Thompson Rachel Graham , Seiter Natasha Sierra , Miller Reagan Lee , Crain Tori Laurelle
Published: September 2020

According to the mindfulness stress buffering hypothesis, mindfulness protects individuals from negative effects of stress. Prior investigations focused on the potential of mindfulness for reducing internalizing symptoms for adults in the context of general stress. We provided the first test of the mindfulness stress buffering hypothesis in the context of both adolescent general stress and interparental conflict (IPC) in relation to internalizing and externalizing, as well as sleep. Participants were 150 adolescents who reported dispositional mindfulness, perceived stress, IPC, internalizing, and externalizing. Participants wore an actigraph which objectively measured sleep for a week. Results suggested a stress buffering effect of mindfulness for the effects of general stress on internalizing symptoms at trend levels. Mindfulness stress buffering was not evident in relation to externalizing or sleep, or for the effect of IPC appraisals on adjustment or sleep. Greater IPC appraisals were associated with greater sleep onset latency, but mindfulness was not associated with objective measures of sleep quality or quantity. This study indicates that mindfulness may protect adolescents from the internalizing problems that often result from general stress, but that these stress buffering effects of mindfulness may not generalize to all types of stressors or adjustment/health outcomes.
Homing and platform responses to entry: Historical evidence from the U.S. newspaper industry
Authors: Park Kyeonggook Francis , Seamans Robert , Zhu Feng
Published: September 2020

Research summary

We examine how heterogeneity in customers' tendencies to single‐home or multi‐home affects a platform's competitive responses to new entrants in the market. We first develop a formal model to generate predictions about how a platform will respond. We then empirically test it, leveraging a historical setting: TV station entry into local U.S. newspaper markets from 1945 to 1963. A notable feature of this setting is a quasi‐natural experiment: the staggered geographic and temporal rollout of TV stations that was temporarily halted during the Korean War. We find that platform firms indeed take their customers' homing tendencies into account in their responses to competition: after a TV station enters the newspaper market, newspaper firms with more single‐homing consumers had lower subscription prices, circulations, and advertising rates.

Managerial summary

The theoretical and empirical results in our paper suggest that platform firms operating in multi‐sided market settings need to consider their customers' single‐homing and multi‐homing tendencies. Heterogeneity in these tendencies is an important demand‐side factor to consider when formulating responses to a competitor's entry.
The role of recognition in disciplinary identity for girls
Authors: Hughes Roxanne , Schellinger Jennifer , Roberts Kari
Published: September 2020

Computing fields are foundational to most STEM disciplines and the only STEM discipline to show a consistent decline in women's representation since 1990, making it an important field for STEM educators to study. The explanation for the underrepresentation of women and girls in computing is twofold: a sense that they do not fit within the stereotypes associated with computing and a lack of access to computer games and technologies beginning at an early age (Richard, 2016). Informal coding education programs are uniquely situated to counter these hurdles because they can offer additional resources and time for engagement in specially designed activities developed around best practices to improve girls coding identities (National Research Council [NRC], 2009). We draw upon research by Calabrese Barton et al. (2013) and Carlone and Johnson's (2007) research as a lens by which to examine girls' coding identity work in an informal coding education setting—a concept not currently defined in the science education research literature. In this paper, we describe the coding identity trajectories of three middle school girls who participated in a coding camp: Lilly, Victoria, and Beth. Our results provide a conceptual framework that will guide future research on coding identity that better encompasses the role of recognition by educators and peers on youth's coding identity development. This framework can be used to guide broader science education identity research, particularly as it applies to informal STEM education settings that work to engage students, especially girls, across the STEM spectrum.
Ist komplette Immunität gegen Masern bei Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen ein realistisches Ziel, und wie ist es möglicherweise zu erreichen?
Authors: Braun J. , Kiltz U. , Müller-Ladner U.
Published: September 2020

In Deutschland kommt es immer wieder zu Masernausbrüchen. Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Erkrankungen werden oft immunsuppressiv behandelt. In einer aktuellen Studie zeigte sich, dass etwa 7 % dieser Patienten keinen Schutz gegen Maserninfektion haben. Das ergab sich aus der fehlenden Dokumentation im Impfausweis bzw. dem nicht vorhandenen Nachweis von protektiven Antikörpern. Die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) empfiehlt eine erste Impfung gegen Masern als Masern-Mumps-Röteln-Kombinationsimpfung (MMR) bei Kindern im Alter von 11–14 Monaten und eine zweite Impfung im Alter von 14–23 Monaten. Für nach 1970 geborene Erwachsene wird eine Impfung gegen Masern empfohlen, wenn diese noch nicht bzw. nur einmal gegen Masern geimpft wurden oder wenn ihr Impfstatus unklar ist. Im April 2019 hat die STIKO Anwendungshinweise zu den bei Immundefizienz empfohlenen Impfungen veröffentlicht. Seit dem 1. März 2020 besteht in Deutschland zudem eine Masernimpfpflicht.
Vascular diameter and intima-media thickness to diameter ratio values of the carotid artery in 642 healthy children
Authors: Semmler Luisa , Weberruß Heidi , Baumgartner Lisa , Pirzer Raphael , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate
Published: September 2020

In children, arterial alterations occur with increased intima-media thickness as well as vascular diameter enlargement. Both conditions correlate with higher cardiovascular risk in adults, and both the array and proportion of these alterations are important hemodynamic parameters. In terms of functional adaptation processes, they influence several arterial wall properties as for example the shear and tensile stress of the vessel. There are no reference values for the vascular diameter and intima-media thickness/diameter ratio of the carotid artery in children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess vascular diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio and related tensile stress values in children and to further investigate the influence of sex, age, body mass index, and blood pressure. The parameters were measured with high-resolution semi-automated ultrasound. Sex- and age-dependent values were calculated with the LMS method for a cross-sectional sample of 642 healthy, non-obese children aged 8–17 years. The mean vascular diameter was 5.45 ± 0.46 mm; the median intima-media thickness/diameter ratio was 0.085 (0.079–0.092); the mean tensile stress was 66.0 ± 8.8 kPa. The vascular diameter and the tensile stress were higher, and the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio was lower in boys than in girls. In comparison to the normal weight study population the excluded obese children had a significantly higher diameter, a lower intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and a higher tensile stress. In multiple regression analyses of diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and tensile stress, all parameters were influenced by sex and body mass index. Furthermore, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly influenced the vascular diameter, and systolic blood pressure significantly influenced the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio.

Conclusion: This study is the first to report values for the diameter, the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio of the carotid artery, and the related tensile stress allowing a more differentiated view of cardiovascular adaptations as it combines structural and functional vascular parameters.

What is known:• Intima-media thickness and vascular diameter are related to a higher cardiovascular risk in adults• The intima-media thickness/diameter ratio gives information about hemodynamic and functional vessel adaptationWhat is new:• Values for vascular diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and tensile stress of the carotid artery in children are presented in this study• Intima-media thickness as a surrogate marker for arterial health in children should be complemented by intima-media thickness/diameter ratio measurement
Gas turbine computational flow and structure analysis with isogeometric discretization and a complex-geometry mesh generation method
Authors: Bazilevs Yuri , Takizawa Kenji , Wu Michael C. H. , Kuraishi Takashi , Avsar Reha , Xu Zhaojing , Tezduyar Tayfun E.
Published: September 2020

A recently introduced NURBS mesh generation method for complex-geometry Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is applied to building a high-quality mesh for a gas turbine. The compressible flow in the turbine is computed using the IGA and a stabilized method with improved discontinuity-capturing, weakly-enforced no-slip boundary-condition, and sliding-interface operators. The IGA results are compared with the results from the stabilized finite element simulation to reveal superior performance of the NURBS-based approach. Free-vibration analysis of the turbine rotor using the structural mechanics NURBS mesh is also carried out and shows that the NURBS mesh generation method can be used also in structural mechanics analysis. With the flow field from the NURBS-based turbine flow simulation, the Courant number is computed based on the NURBS mesh local length scale in the flow direction to show some of the other positive features of the mesh generation framework. The work presented further advances the IGA as a fully-integrated and robust design-to-analysis framework, and the IGA-based complex-geometry flow computation with moving boundaries and interfaces represents the first of its kind for compressible flows.