Korelasi antara tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan dental health component dan aesthetic component dari IOTN dengan kesadaran mencari perawatan maloklusi: studi cross-sectional
Authors: Angkotasan Mutia Triyanti , Himawati Marlin , Darwis Rudi Satria 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Maloklusi merupakan keadaan yang menyimpang dari oklusi normal meliputi ketidakaturan gigi-geligi dalam lengkung rahang seperti gigi berjejal, protrusif, malposisi maupun hubungan yang tidak harmonis dengan gigi antagonisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat keparahan maloklusi dengan tingkat kesadaran mencari perawatan. Tingkat keparahan maloklusi akan diukur menggunakan Index of Orthodontic Need (IOTN) yang terdiri dari 2 komponen yaitu aesthetic component (AC) dan dental health component (DHC). Tujuan penelitian menganalisis korelasi tingkat keparahan maloklusi dental health component dan aesthetic component dari IOTN dan kesadaran mencari perawatan maloklusi. Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan simple random sampling yaitu akan dilakukan pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan secara acak pada siswa-siswi SMA Negeri 1 Kota Tidore Kepulauan sebanyak 650 orang. Berdasarkan perhitungan besar sampel didapatkan jumlah responden adalah 100 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner online dan dilakukan pengambilan foto intraoral menggunakan googleform. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi spearman untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat keparahan maloklusi dengan kesadaran siswa-siswi mencari perawatan maloklusi. Hasil: Didapatkan hasil tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan aesthetic component dari IOTN adalah mayoritas subyek tidak perlu perawatan atau perawatan ringan sebanyak 94 orang (94,0%). Hasil dari tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan dental health component dari IOTN didapatkan mayoritas subyek kebutuhan perawatan ringan sebanyak 49 orang (49,0%). Hasil dari penilaian tingkat kesadaran maloklusi didapatkan mayoritas subyek dengan kriteria baik sebanyak 59 orang (59,0%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan AC dengan tingkat kesadaran mencari perawatan (p=0,767) dan tidak terdapat korelasi antara tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan DHC dengan tingkat kesadaran mencari perawatan (p=0,782). Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan AC dan DHC dari IOTN dengan tingkat kesadaran mencari perawatan. Kata kunci index of orthodontic treatment need, aesthetic component, dental health component, kesadaran, maloklusi The relationship between the severity of malocclusion and malocclusion awareness of seeking treatment: a cross-sectional study ABSTRACT Introduction: Malocclusion is a condition that deviates from normal occlusion, including irregularities of the teeth in the arch, such as crowding, protrusion, malposition, or an inharmonious relationship with the antagonist’s teeth. This study aims to determine the relationship between the severity of malocclusion and the level of awareness in seeking treatment. The subjects in this study were students of SMA Negeri 1 Tidore Islands City. The severity of malocclusion will be measured using the Index of Orthodontic Need (IOTN), which consists of 2 components, namely the aesthetic component and the dental health component. Method: The type of design-based analytical research is cross sectional.  This research used simple random sampling method. A random sampling procedure was carried out on a total of 650 students from SMA Negeri 1 Tidore Islands City. Based on sample size calculations, the number of respondents was 100 people. This research was carried out by distributing questionnaires online, and the intraoral photographs were taken using Google Forms. The Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the severity of malocclusion and students' awareness in seeking malocclusion treatment. Results: According to the AC from IOTN regarding the severity of malocclusion ,most of the subjects, 94 people (94.0%), did not require treatment or light treatment .The results of the severity of malocclusion based on DHC from IOTN found that the majority of subjects needed light care for as many as 49 people (49.0%). The assessment results for the level of awareness of malocclusion revealed that the majority of subjects with good criteria were 59 people (59.0%). The results of the analysis showed that there was no correlation between the severity of malocclusion based on AC and the level of awareness of seeking care (p=0.767) and there was no correlation between the level of severity of malocclusion based on DHC and the level of awareness of seeking medical attention (p=0.782). Conclusion: There is no correlation between the severity of malocclusion, based on AC and DHC from IOTN, and the level of awareness about seeking treatment Keywords index of orthodontic treatment need, aesthetic component, dental health component, awareness, malocclusion.