bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Framework for Tetra-functional Control of Viscoelastic Molecular Entropy in Biopolymeric Hydrogel Dynamics for Environmentally Responsive Metabolic Processes in Morphological Architectural Membranes
Authors: Smith Shane Ida , Dyson Anna H.
Published: June 2015

Efficacious resource harvesting constitutes new modes of conceptualizing the interactions of buildings with surrounding environmental conditions. The internal logic of a biotechnical paradigm in architectural design allows for the potential of fluid exchanges between medium and material to be realized with correlated metabolism. Such concepts avert existing mechanical paradigms based upon linear conservation of energy processes and approach entropic integrated design interactions of nonlinear dynamical processes. Through a physiological analogy that informs architectural anatomy, the genetic code of hydrogels embeds emergent morphological responses to discrete interactions with environmental phenomena. In contrast to the static hard tissue of the skeletal system, viscoelastic soft tissue provides significant environmental impact by means of integrating spatiotemporal adaptation in building systems.

This framework provides an interscalar perspective for integrating biopolymeric membranes within building-envelope systems and informs the microstate design of the polymer chains for optimized mechanical performance. Hydrogels are a translucent three-dimensional water-swollen polymer, which exhibit mechanical work upon interaction with water vapor. In effect, this interaction provides for a variant index of refraction, a variant heat capacitance, and a physical shift in surface morphology. Characteristic changes in material thermal and mechanical properties parallel diurnal climate profiles for circadian biorhythmic membrane designs. The macrostates of temperature, pressure, and volume reciprocally inform the potential microscopic properties, including position and velocity of each molecule within the material system. The viscoelastic molecular entropy (Maxwell model) of hydrogels is established as a fundamental basis for situating a dynamic material logic influencing a high efficacy architectural physiology. The Maxwell model is translated as an algorithmic framework for mechanical control through tetra-functional polymer chain development of biopolymeric hydrogels. In contrast to polyacrylamide hydrogels, the chemistry of biopolymeric polysaccharide hydrogels is well suited for renewable sourcing and down cycling to achieve sustainable material life cycles. However, these biopolymers do not inherently exhibit robust structural properties necessary for influencing morphological shifts of the membranes for intelligent passive design strategies such as self-actuating ventilation apertures or self-shading surface geometries. The research encompassed in this work engages the development of a more acute framework for the trajectory of biopolymeric hydrogel dynamics based upon a necessity for controlled morphological modulations in response to specific environmental conditions.
Pull-Out Performance of 3D Printed Composites with Embedded Fins on the Fiber
Authors: Liljenhjerte Johannes , Kumar S.
Published: June 2015

In this study, pull-out capacity of 3D printed composites are experimentally and computationally investigated. Cylindrical multi-material prototypes consist of a fiber embedded in a soft matrix. Embedded fiber has tiny orderly spaced geometrical features (fins) on its circumference over the bond length. Fins are either vertically aligned or inclined to the axis of the fiber (loading direction). Both fiber and fins are made of the same stiffer material, while the matrix is made of soft rubbery polymer. Pull-out performance of the samples were evaluated using tensile testing machine. It was found that orientation of the fins influences both the pull-out capacity and the effective stiffness of the interface. The pull-out capacity and stiffness response were found to increase by ∼62 % and ∼65.5 %, respectively, for a system with a volume fraction of 2.7 %, compared to a baseline design with no fins. In the later part of study, Finite Element (FE) simulations were performed for all prototypes. FE analyses indicate that the von Mises stresses at the interface between the matrix and fiber can be significantly reduced by the incorporation of fins. This study provides insight into the mechanics of stress transfer through the embedded fins, and the design aspects of the interface of fiber reinforced composites.
Análise faunística de gafanhotos Acridoidea da Volta Grande do Rio Xingu, área de influência direta da Hidrelétrica Belo Monte, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Nunes-Gutjahr Ana Lúcia , Braga Carlos Elias de Souza
Published: June 2015

O Rio Xingu possui um grande potencial hidrelétrico, especificamente na região da Volta da Grande, onde será instalada a Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. Para a implementação desse empreendimento, foi necessário o estudo de impacto ambiental, considerando a fauna, flora e os aspectos sociais. Com o objetivo de realizar a análise faunística das espécies de gafanhotos da Área de Influência Direta do Empreendimento Belo Monte, realizou-se um inventário, utilizando-se rede entomológica no período de novembro/2007 a agosto/2008. Foram coletados 2652 gafanhotos pertencentes a três famílias, 10 subfamílias, 18 tribos, 42 gêneros e 71 espécies. A análise faunística evidenciou que 74% das espécies foram consideradas raras ou mínimas e, quanto à constância, 54,9% destas foram classificadas como acidentais. Os maiores índices de diversidade e de riqueza dos gafanhotos ocorreram na área A2, que será inundada para formar o lago da hidrelétrica, o que poderá causar extinção local dessas espécies
Dinâmica de regeneração de Merostachys skvortzovii Send. em remanescente de Floresta com Araucaria
Authors: Negrelle Raquel Rejane Bonato , Veiga Fábio Hiratsuka
Published: June 2015

Apresentam-se resultados de monitoramento da dinâmica de regeneração de Merostachys skvortzovii Send. (taquara-lixa), englobando dados de recrutamento, crescimento e mortalidade de plântulas (Floresta Ombrófila Mista, General Carneiro, Paraná, 26˚ 25′ S e 51˚ 18′ W). Foram avaliadas duas clareiras de tamanhos (aprox. 40mx40m) e situações de abertura do dossel similares, resultantes da morte de touceiras de taquara-lixa entre 2003-2005, utilizando-se 80 parcelas (1mx1m) em cada clareira (2007). Mensalmente, registrou-se a inclusão, permanência e mortalidade de plântulas de M. skvortzovii nessas parcelas. Evidenciou-se densidade média de plântulas diferenciada, mas similar padrão de distribuição espacial dessas plântulas nas clareiras avaliadas. As médias mensais de recrutamento, crescimento em altura e mortalidade foram significativamente diferentes em ambas as clareiras. Não se detectou correlação significativa entre as variáveis biológicas observadas (crescimento, recrutamento e mortalidade) e a variabilidade de pluviosidade e temperatura registradas no período de monitoramento. Em termos gerais, pode-se inferir que a taquara-lixa apresentava a capacidade de recolonizar as áreas abertas após o evento sincrônico de mortalidade, sendo que as características ambientais de cada clareira podem influenciar essa ocupação. A concentração das plântulas nas bordas das clareiras pode determinar a ampliação da área de ocupação da espécie no local de estudo. Entretanto, somente o monitoramento a médio e longo prazo das clareiras geradas pela morte da taquara-lixa permitirá compreender melhor o ciclo de vida dessa espécie e seu efetivo papel no fechamento dessas clareiras e dinâmica da floresta que a abriga
3D stereophotogrammetry facial analysis of Angle I subjects: gender comparison
Authors: Silva Ana Maria Bettoni Rodrigues da , Magri Laís Valencise , Junqueira Júnior Álvaro Augusto , Rodrigues da Silva Marco Antônio Moreira
Published: June 2015

Objective The aim of this study was to establish reference parameters for facial analysis in subjects with Angle’s Class I occlusion by means of stereophotogrammetry, comparing men and women. Material and method Twenty-six healthy young adults with Angle’s Class I occlusion volunteered to participate in the study, 15 males and 11 females, ages between 18 and 30 years old (22 years ± 5). These subjects were clinically examined to verify their type of occlusion. Twenty-five landmarks were performed in soft tissue, and those subjects underwent image capturing by the stereophotogrammetry technique, using the apparatus Vectra (M3-Canfield®). The following variables were measured in those images: naso-labial angle (C-Sn-Ls); (N-Prn-Pg); (N-Sn-Pg); mentolabial (Li-Ps-Pg); growth angle (T-Go-Pg), cheek area (T, Zy, Chk, Ch, Gn, Go), hemifaces' areas (T, Zy, Ft, Tr, N, Prn, C, Sn, Ls, Sto, Li Ps, Gn, Go), lip area, bilaterally (Ls, Cph, Ch, Li, Sto), and linear measurements of the lips and jaw. Result and conclusion The data were compared between genders (Student's t-test), and no statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05) were found. Despite the limitations of this study, it is possible to conclude that, as there were no differences between men and women for the studied variables (angular, linear, and area), the data of the total sample (Class I) should be used as reference parameters in future studies. Additionally, the 3D stereophotogrammetry technique has proven to be a new possibility for facial analysis, which might be employed in several areas of dentistry.
Efeitos da dentina sobre o pH e atividade antimicrobiana de diversas formulações com hidróxido de cálcio
Authors: Galoza Marina Oliveira Gonçalves , Kuga Milton Carlos , Silva Daniele Fockink da , Weckwerth Paulo Henrique , Keine Kátia Cristina , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi de
Published: June 2015

Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da dentina sobre o pH e a atividade antimicrobiana de formulações com hidróxido de cálcio. Material e método O pH e a atividade antimicrobiana das formulações (G1- polietilenoglicol, G2- glicerina e paramonoclorofenol canforado ou G3- clorexidina) foram analisados nas formulações puras (G1A, G2A e G3A) ou acrescidas de dentina em pó (G1B, G2B e G3B). Tubos de polietileno foram preenchidos com uma das formulações e imersos em água destilada. O pH foi analisado após 24 horas, 7, 14 e 21 dias. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada sobre Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), através do teste de difusão em ágar. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de ANOVA e Tukey (p=0,05). Resultado A dentina não exerceu efeito sobre o pH das formulações, exceto ocasionando a redução em G1, no período de 24 horas (p<0,05). Nas demais formulações, não houve interferência da dentina sobre o pH (p>0,05). Quando comparados entre os grupos, em 24 horas e 7 dias, G1A e G1B apresentaram menor pH (p<0,05). Em 14 dias, G2A, G2B, G3A e G3B demonstraram similar pH (p>0,05), assim como entre G3B e G1A (p>0,05). Em 21 dias, todas as formulações demonstram semelhante pH (p>0,05). Os resultados em ordem decrescente da atividade antimicrobiana foram G2A=G2B>G3A=G3B>G1A=G1B (p<0,05). Conclusão A dentina não interferiu no pH e na atividade antimicrobiana das diferentes formulações com hidróxido de cálcio, exceto na associação com o polietilenoglicol, em que ocasionou a redução do pH apenas no período de 24 horas. A formulação com paramonoclorofenol canforado apresentou maior atividade antimicrobiana, seguida da clorexidina e do polietilenoglicol.
Núcleos de significação: uma proposta histórico-dialética de apreensão das significações
Authors: Aguiar Wanda Maria Junqueira de , Soares Júlio Ribeiro , Machado Virgínia Campos
Published: June 2015

Neste artigo, discute-se a dimensão histórico-dialética da proposta metodológica dos núcleos de significação e seus desdobramentos como escolha metodológica a fim de alcançar a necessária coerência entre método e procedimentos. Inicialmente, cada uma das etapas dessa proposta é apresentada. Em seguida, discute-se a dimensão histórico-dialética do método que fundamenta os procedimentos envolvidos. Para isso, tecem-se algumas considerações, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao movimento da análise. Espera-se que este artigo contribua para o debate acadêmico quanto ao ponto de vista do método histórico-dialético e também em relação ao processo de análise e interpretação dos sentidos e significados.
The impact of the cost of oral hygiene products on the domestic budget in the urban region of a midsize Brazilian capital city
Authors: DUTRA Thaís Torres Barros , SILVA André Luis Rodrigues da , CABRAL Alaíse Magalhães , MOITA NETO José Machado , PRADO JUNIOR Raimundo Rosendo
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the cost of oral hygiene products in Teresina, Piauí, on the Brazilian minimum salary (MS) over the period of two years. METHODS: The writer of this study visited 12 businesses from five geographical areas of the city during four consecutive months in 2011 and 2013 to collect the prices of toothbrushes, toothpaste, dental floss and mouth rinse solutions of different brands. The prices were used to calculate the monthly expense that one individual would have if they consumed the ideal quantity of the products, as recommended by the dental literature. Brazil's MS at the time of the study was used as a parameter to calculate the impact of the cost of the items on the family budget. RESULTS: The mean monthly cost per individual was R$ 17.93 in 2011 (2.88% of the MS) and R$ 24.92 in 2013 (3.67% of the MS). There was an increase of 38.9 % in the mean price of products and the impact on the MS increased by 27.43 % during the study period. CONCLUSION: The impact of the cost of the oral care items was high on the Brazilian MS for the studied region. Dentists should be aware that the cost of these products can be an obstacle for their patients.
Maxillofacial injuries among Brazilian children and adolescents victims of traffic accidents
Authors: FARIAS Laís Gonzaga de , PEREIRA Rebeca Valeska Soares , BRANDT Lorenna Mendes Temóteo , OLIVEIRA Thaliny Batista Sarmento de , XAVIER Alidianne Fábia Cabral , CAVALCANTI Alessandro Leite
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of morbidity due to traffic accidents in children and adolescents and its relationship with maxillofacial injuries in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 533 forensic reports of individuals aged 0-19 years, victims of external causes in Campina Grande, Brazil, in 2013. Data were collected through a form containing variables sex, age, day of week, time, type of traffic accident, injured body region, presence of fractures, maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals at 95% were estimated with the chi-square test. RESULTS: There was predominance of males (75.0%) aged 15-19 years (65.0%), with association between sex and occurrence of traffic accidents (p <0.001). The afternoon shift recorded 36.7% of cases of accidents involving motorcyclists (55.0%). In 25.0% of cases, there were injuries on the head and 26.7% on the face. Head and face injuries were observed in 10.0% of patients, while maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries were present in 21.7% and 6.7%, respectively. There was an association between occurrence of accident and face injuries (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Traffic accidents affect mostly young male individuals, causing multiple injuries in different body areas, including maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries.
Histórias de Vida e Saberes Docentes das Educadoras da Zona Urbana e Rural
Authors: Brito Daniel Bezerra de
Published: June 2015

O artigo discute o perfil e as narrativas de histórias de vida de 40 educadoras municipais da Educação Infantil da zona urbana e rural do RN. As narrativas revelaram que as trajetórias de vida pessoal e profissional, a partir dos saberes da experiência, têm repercussões nas práticas pedagógicas das educadoras. As relações entre vida pessoal e profissional foram retomadas pela perspectiva sociológica neste artigo como história individual e social entre a educadora e seu grupo de pertença ou campo social. A subjetividade dessas relações contida nas narrativas foi compreendida como informações intencionais, mas que ocultam as retóricas dirigidas pelas educadoras aos grupos de pertença, entre outros, a família, a escola e a profissão.
Multidão: esfinge da saúde pública, lugar de inflexão, ideias do bem comum
Authors: Merhy Emerson Elias
Published: June 2015

A saúde pública emerge e adquire uma expressividade única em vários lugares, mesmo que sob formas distintas, conforme os jogos de poder a que estavam submetidos. Um traço se faz ali presente: dominar por um certo saber-fazer (como um biopoder) a dinâmica da vida nas populações, para poder agir sobre ela e, com isso, dominar as multidões em seus movimentos; o que escapasse, seria vigiado, capturado e excluído. Poder saber-fazer sobre quantos morrem, nascem, do que morrem e como evitá-lo. Como entrar e controlar esse jogo, é a obsessão e a paranoia sanitária. Esse artigo abre uma conversa sobre o pensar a multidão como uma esfinge que a saúde pública tem de desvelar para controlar, conforme certos modos de governar os outros, indivíduos e coletivos. Torná-la população é sempre sua estratégia de poder central. Na contingência do Rio de Janeiro, que trouxe há um tempo a questão da rua de uma maneira intensa, agregada pela sua presença nos eventos mundiais, Copa do Mundo de Futebol e Olimpíada, a situação dos sinais da rua vão adquirindo expressões muito específicas no que toca à relação multidão e saúde pública, o que, abre janelas para a nossa visão sobre alguns dos dilemas que temos hoje: o fazer-se multidão de vários modos coloca em cheque as estratégias governamentais que apostam na fabricação da categoria "população".
Course redesign to promote local and global experiential learning about human occupation: Description and evaluation of a pilot effort
Authors: Aldrich Rebecca M
Published: June 2015

INTRODUCTION: Globalisation heightens the need for diverse learning experiences regarding human occupation. This article describes a two-phase redesign of an undergraduate occupational science course that generated community outings in the United States (U.S.) and synchronous online interactions between U.S. and Swedish students. Via experiential learning opportunities, the course redesign aimed to enhance students' understanding of occupational science and occupational therapy concepts as well as how such concepts are taken up across global contexts. METHOD: 96 undergraduate U.S. occupational science students participated in community outings, and 52 of those students also participated in synchronous online interactions with 35 undergraduate Swedish occupational therapy student peers. U.S. students provided feedback about the community outings and synchronous online interactions via written course evaluations and reflections. RESULTS: U.S. students perceived community outings and synchronous online interactions as positive learning opportunities but also suggested possible improvements which have been implemented in subsequent iterations of the course. CONCLUSIONS: When accompanied by structured reflective opportunities, local and global experiential learning can positively impact students. It is important to consider how experiential learning fits within course objectives, as well as how technology enables or inhibits experiential learning across local and global contexts. Key words: Experiential learning, learning spaces, synchronous online education, occupational science, occupational therapy
Can post-apartheid South Africa be enabled to humanise and heal itself?
Authors: Kronenberg Frank , Kathard Harsha , Laliberte Rudman Debbie , Ramugondo Elelwani L
Published: June 2015

This paper posits that for occupational therapy and occupational science to be able to address complex social issues, a radical reconfiguration of the dominant historical rationalities that govern their theorising and practices is required. This position is informed by the rationale for and the philosophical and theoretical foundations of a doctoral study currently being undertaken by the first author, entitled: 'Humanity affirmations and enactments in post-apartheid South Africa: A phronetic case study of human occupation and health'. The paper commences with the description of the problem - a historicised dual occupational diagnosis. The first diagnosis considers post-apartheid South Africa (1994-2014) as embodying and embedded in a vicious cycle; 'divided-wounded-violent', and held hostage by an enduring history of dehumanisation. The second diagnosis considers occupational therapy and occupational science, which the paper argues are not yet adequately positioned and prepared, both theoretically and practically, to serve as enabling resources for society to interrupt vicious cycles of dehumanisation. In order to address the problem we need practical knowledge to possibly enable our society to humanise and heal itself. This paper proposes an alternative two pronged philosophical foundation - Phronesis and Ubuntu - to advance such knowledge. The synergistic use of critical contemporary interpretations of Aristotle's intellectual virtue Phronesis (practical knowledge) to guide theorising about knowledge production; along with the African philosophy of critical humanism called Ubuntu to guide theorising about the core concepts of human occupation and health as well as their interrelationship. Key words: Critical, Phronesis, Ubuntu, human occupation, health, humanity
"I drink": Mothers' alcohol consumption as both individualised and imposed occupation
Authors: Cloete Lizahn G , Ramugondo Elelwani L
Published: June 2015

INTRODUCTION: Occupational engagement is shaped by a person's history and the environment in which they live. Alcohol consumption as occupation may provide meaning for some, and may develop and change over a lifetime as shaped by environmental and historical context. The influence of contextual factors on alcohol consumption during pregnancy is explored in the current paper by exploring whether maternal alcohol consumption is an occupation of choice, or if the context presses for excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy for certain communities. METHODOLOGY: A qualitative, instrumental case study was undertaken to focus on the occupational engagement of three black female participants within a rural community of low socio-economic status in the Western Cape, South Africa. Data were collected using extensive naturalistic observation and semi-structured interviews. A three-stage inductive thematic analysis was done. FINDINGS: Four themes emerged from the study; nothing comes easy, trying to make this life bearable, rekindling hope, and baking bread with little. These themes demonstrate the manner in which cultural, economic and political conditions play a pertinent role in the lives of these three women and how maternal alcohol consumption emerges within context, and as part of motherhood. CONCLUSIONS: The interplay between the context and occupation demonstrates how, through structural entrenchment, imposed occupations may arise. Historical, cultural, economic and socio-political factors perpetuate occupational inequities, and can translate into alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Generational poverty and the entrenchment of excessive drinking practices contribute equally to the prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Key words: generational poverty; maternal alcohol consumption as occupation; imposed occupations; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Critical Analysis of Audit Committee Reporting in National Government Departments: The Case of South Africa
Authors: Moloi Tankiso
Published: June 2015

The paper critically assesses audit committee reporting in South Africa’s national government departments (NGDs). During the review, it was established that, from the regulatory perspective, there were limited guidelines relating to the extent and nature of information that should be reported on the audit committee reports, whereas the main contribution of the paper are uniform benchmark features of audit committee reporting in the South Africa’s national government departments. These benchmark features (categories) were developed using an inductive or bottom up thematic analysis which was applied on the applicable regulations as well as on all NGD’s annual reports to determine the comprehensive themes and patterns of audit committee reporting across the departments. It is recommended that those audit committees in NGDs that do not currently report on these themes should expand their reporting to be comprehensive by including these themes.Using the established benchmark features in the form of themes, audit committees reports were coded and analysed to determine the disclosure of information relating to these themes. It was found that majority of categories reported on audit committee reports and analysed lacked transparency as to the role of audit committees in providing oversight in the NGDs concerned. In addition to the recommended audit committee themes, the paper further recommends that audit committees in NGDs should also consider voluntary disclosing of some additional information on their oversight activities. Disclosure of additional voluntary information would improve the usefulness of audit committee reports as users of this information would gain and understanding of yearly audit committee activities as of the nature of oversight and strategic engagements audit committees would have had with the management as well. The potential benefit for users of audit committee reports in NGDs is envisaged as flexibility, exposure and access to different dimensions of information reported by different NGDs. The potential benefit for audit committee members is grounded on the users’ perception of audit committee reports, in this instance, the improvement in perception on their independence.
Unsolved Questions Regarding EU Citizens Access to Public Healthcare Services in Spain
Authors: Boto Alejandra
Published: June 2015

Spain is nowadays living the echoes of economic crisis adopting measures to boost employment figures and to correct the excessive macroeconomic imbalances. This paper reviews previous research findings on how these policies affect European citizenship and the access to welfare systems, healthcare provision in particular.Special attention is paid to the so-called “medical tourism” and to the transposition on Directive 2011/24 into national law. The challenges and transformations that the adequate provision of healthcare for EU citizens will require in the next future are also pointed out, notwithstanding some critical legal problems unsolved till the moment.However, as the paper is aimed at underlining, the main barriers that still exist to exercise citizenship right to health protection within EU are not legal, but practical.
Vloga plače pri motiviranosti in zavzetosti zaposlenih na izbranem ministrstvu v Sloveniji
Authors: Drašler Silvija , Boštjančič Eva
Published: June 2015

Leta 2008 so v javnem sektorju zaradi gospodarske krize uvedli številne ukrepe na področju plač zaposlenih. Plača pomeni enega ključnih motivatorjev za zadovoljstvo in zavzetost zaposlenih. Članek predstavlja študijo, v kateri sva raziskovali vlogo plače pri zavzetosti, zadovoljstvu z delom in motivaciji zaposlenih na izbranem ministrstvu v času krize. Sodelovalo je 167 zaposlenih, vključili pa sva tri merske instrumente – Lestvico delovnega zadovoljstva, Lestvico delovne zavzetosti in Lestvico delovnih preferenc.Ugotovili sva, da so bolj zavzeti tisti zaposleni, katerih zadovoljstvo s plačo je višje, in ne tisti, katerih sama plača je višja. Povezava med plačo in zadovoljstvom je sicer pozitivna, vendar ni jasno linearna. Pri delu so bolj zavzeti zaposleni z višjo stopnjo notranje motivacije, medtem ko višja stopnja zunanje motivacije pomeni nižje zadovoljstvo s plačo. Tako sva opozorili na pomembno vlogo denarnega nagrajevanja ter ob koncu predstavili smernice za nadaljnje delo na tem področju.
Água de Coco: Aspectos Nutricionais, Microbiológicos e de Conservação
Authors: Froehlich Ângela
Published: June 2015

Este artigo é uma revisão que apresenta aspectos importantes sobre água de coco: composição química, aspectos nutricionais, microbiológicos e processos de conservação. Para industrialização e comercialização da água do coco como produto de conveniência, existe a necessidade de aplicação de processos que garantam a estabilidade microbiológica do produto, aumentado sua vida útil e a segurança alimentar. Existem diferentes formas de extrair, conservar e embalar a água de coco. Pode-se fazer uso de tratamento térmico a médias e altas temperaturas, refrigeração ou congelamento. A água no interior do fruto é estéril, no entanto, no momento da abertura, dependendo das condições higiênicas dos utensílios utilizados para abrir o coco, estes podem incorporar microrganismos ao conteúdo interno. Devido às características do produto, à presença de contaminantes e ao aumento no consumo da água do coco no país, é necessário um maior rigor na produção, comercialização e distribuição deste produto. Coconut Water: Nutritional, Microbiological and Conservation Aspects ABSTRACT: Important aspects on coconut water, such as, chemical composition, nutritional and microbiological aspects and conservation process are provided. When coconut water is processed and commercialized as a beverage, processes are applied to the product to guarantee microbiological stability, increased shelf life and food safety. Several methods may be used to extract, conserve and package coconut water. Thermal treatment at mild and high temperatures, refrigeration or freezing may be employed. The water within the coconut is sterile; however, if the utensils used to open the coconut are not in perfect hygiene conditions, microorganisms may contaminate the contents. Due to the product´s features, contaminants and increase in the intake of coconut water, the product´s industrialization and commercialization should be monitored.
Novas Perspectivas Acerca do Contexto Inflamatório Th2 Na Asma
Authors: Souza Marcos Paulo Amelda , Silva Robson Amaro Augusto da
Published: June 2015

A asma é responsável por acometer cerca de 300 milhões de pessoas por ano, resultando na sobrecarga dos sistemas de saúde e cofres públicos. Novas perspectivas em relação à função das células inflamatórias e citocinas envolvidas na resposta imune alérgica têm sido propostas. Nesta revisão buscou-se publicações científicas estrangeiras, escritas em língua inglesa, através da ferramenta de pesquisa da MEDLINE/PubMed, realizada nos meses de maio a julho de 2014. Descobertas recentes em relação ao papel dos mastócitos, células musculares lisas das vias aéreas, eosinófilos e citocinas do perfil Th2 foram apontadas. Mastócitos estão mais ativos nas vias aéreas de pacientes com asma grave, podem ser ativados por uma via alternativa à clássica ligação cruzada com IgE e ainda podem induzir a polarização de células T. As células musculares lisas das vias aéreas atuam como fonte de citocinas e quimiocinas auxiliando na sinalização/recrutamento do processo inflamatório. Eosinófilos são células protagonistas na asma e podem ser recrutados por diferentes classes de eotaxina. A IL-33 vem sendo relacionada com as fases iniciais da inflamação, auxiliando na construção da resposta imune, por estimular a liberação de IL-5 e IL13, atuando no recrutamento e sinalização celular. Considera-se, portanto, que novos estudos precisam ser realizados com o objetivo de encontrar novos conhecimentos em relação a estas perspectivas, visando identificar novas alternativas para o tratamento da asma. New Perspectives on the Inflammatory Context Th2 in Asthma ABSTRACT. Asthma attacks approximately 300 million people every year with an overload on health systems and government budget. New perspectives on the function of inflammatory cells and cytokines involved in the allergic immune response have been proposed. Current review deals with foreign scientific publications, written in English, retrieved by research engine MEDLINE/PubMed, from May to July 2014. Recent discoveries on mastocytes, smooth muscular cells of the aerial pathways, eosinophils and Th2 cytokines have been underscored. Mastocytes are more active in the aerial pathways of patients with serious asthma problems and may be activated by an alternative pathway to the classical crossed link with IgE. They may even induce the polarization of T cells. The smooth muscle cells of the aerial pathways are a source of cytokines and chemiokines which help in the signaling/recruitment of the inflammatory process. Eosinophils are protagonist cells in asthma and may be recruited by different classes of eotaxin. IL-33 is related to the early stages of inflammation, helping the construction of the immune response by stimulating the release of IL-5 and IL-13 which act in cell recruitment and signaling. Further studies are required to deepen information on these perspectives to identify new alternatives for the treatment of asthma.
Estudo Observacional sobre HIV/AIDS em Indivíduos entre 13 e 19 Anos do Município de Maringá
Authors: Sardinha Natália Scaneiro , Santos Maria Isabel Guilhem , Bonafé Simone Martins
Published: June 2015

Com o início cada vez mais precoce da vida sexual, os adolescentes são considerados um grupo com alto risco de exposição às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, sendo crescente o número de casos notificados anualmente na faixa etária entre 13 e 19 anos. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o nível de conhecimento e prevenção de HIV em jovens entre 13 a 19 anos da região metropolitana de Maringá – Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da aplicação de um questionário contendo nove questões com dados sociodemográficos, características comportamentais e sexuais, características e fatores de risco para aquisição de DSTs. A pesquisa foi realizada com 200 participantes, sendo 44% do sexo masculino e 56% do sexo feminino. Dos entrevistados, 57% relataram ter vida sexual ativa e, destes, 50% declararam fazer uso de preservativo regularmente. Constatou-se que apenas 13,5% dos entrevistados responderam corretamente sobre as diferentes formas de transmissão do HIV, sendo maior o conhecimento em relação à transmissão por sexo e sangue. Observational Study on HIV/AIDS in 13-19-Year-Old Patients in Maringá, Brazil ABSTRACT: Owing to increasingly early sexual activities, adolescents are a high risk group exposed to sexually transmitted diseases. In fact, there is an annual increase in notified cases for 13 – 19-year olds. Current analysis investigates information and prevention levels of HIV in 13 – 19-year-old young people in the metropolitan region of Maringá PR Brazil. Data were retrieved from a nine-question questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, behavioral and sexual characteristics, characteristics and risk factors for STDs. Further, 57% of the 200 interviewed, 44% males and 56% females, reported an active sexual behavior, whereas 50% admitted the regular use of the condom in sexual intercourse. Only 13.5% of the interviewed people replied correctly to questions on the different HIV transmission forms, with a better knowledge on its transmission by intercourse and blood.
Doença de Parkinson: Tratamentos Complementares e Qualidade de Vida
Authors: Calderaro Sabrina Gabriela , Amadei Janete Lane , Conter Carolina Cella
Published: June 2015

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é um transtorno neurodegenerativo progressivo do sistema nervoso central, caracterizado clinicamente por tremor de repouso, rigidez, bradicinesia, instabilidade postural e distúrbios da marcha, apresentando também manifestações não motoras como depressão, distúrbios autonômicos e demência. Essas manifestações causam declínio funcional, dificultando a execução das atividades de vida diária e resultando em diminuição da independência física e da qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência dos tratamentos complementares, como fisioterapia, hidroterapia e fonoaudiologia na qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com doença de Parkinson residentes em Maringá e região. Para o estudo foi aplicado questionário contendo dados sócio-demográficos e de hábitos de vida e o instrumento Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire PDQ-39 para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Das pessoas entrevistadas, a maioria era mulheres (55,0%), maiores de 60 anos (60,0%), com 8 a 12 anos de estudo (40%). A maioria convive com a doença há menos de dez anos (55%), sendo que 70% do total de entrevistados realizam exercícios físicos, com grande parte tendo começado a realizar os exercícios há menos de 10 anos (79%). Foi constatado que os pacientes que fazem tratamento com fisioterapia, hidroterapia e fonoaudiologia, quando comparados aos que não fazem, têm melhor qualidade de vida. Ficou clara a participação positiva da atividade física para o bem-estar das pessoas com DP. Parkinson´s Disease: Complementary Treatments and Life Quality ABSTRACT: Parkinson´s Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system clinically diagnosed by trembling, rigidity, bradykinesia, posture unstableness and gait troubles featuring difficulties in daily activities and decrease in physical independence and life quality. Current paper verifies the influence of complementary treatments such as physiotherapy, hydrotherapy and phonoaudiology in the life quality of people with Parkinson´s disease in Maringá PR Brazil. A questionnaire with social and demographical data and habits, coupled to Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire PDQ-39 to evaluate life quality were provided. Interviewed people were mostly females (55.0%), over 60 years old (60.0%), with 8 - 12 years schooling (40%). Most of the diseased people had the disease for the last ten years (55%); 70% of interviewed people practice physical exercises, most of them started exercises less than ten years ago (79%). Results show that patients treated with physiotherapy, hydrotherapy and phonoaudiology have a better life quality when compared to those who do not practice these activities. The positive participation of physical activity in the welfare of PD patients is evident.
Aesthetic resources applied to burns: literature review.
Authors: Pierini Érica , Assunção Flávia Fernanda de Oliveira
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Burns are injuries to the tissue lining of the body, caused by thermal, chemical, electrical or radioactive agents, which may totally or partially destroying the skin and its annexes, and to reach deeper layers as muscles, tendons and bones. The local response to cellular injury include the release of vasoactive agents (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet activating factors) and an immediate increase in osmolarity of the interstitial being classified into first, second, third and fourth grade (electrical burn ) which involves the complete destruction of all tissues, the specific injury takes varying proportions, depending on the exposure time and the type of the causative agent, the extent and depth of the damaged area. Objective: To investigate and gather through literature Bibliographic aesthetic features that help in the prevention and improvement of sequelae caused by burn injuries. Method: This is a search for bibliographic and descriptive review, consisting of scientific articles and books on the subject aesthetic resources for ‘‘burn injuries’’. The realization of this research was carried out by consulting the papers, looking for topics as ''burn'' and ''aesthetic resources for burn injuries''. To survey the material searches were conducted through the portals: SCIELO; UNIFIA; HSVP; FACISA; ASSETS and PORTALBIOCURSOS and with cross between the words:Burns, injuries and aesthetic resources. Results: eight articles and fifteen books including twenty-three references in this research, published between 1967-2010 found. Ultrasound, manual therapies, Electro resources (Microcurrent, Transcutaneous electrical nerve termination, excitomotor current) and laser therapy: Among the four studies aesthetic features which have good results when applied to burn injuries, they being found. Conclusions: The findings contribute to the understanding and application of aesthetic resources in burn injuries, in order to improve the quality of scars, skin suppleness, increasing self-esteem and quality of life.
Effects of ischemic compression of trigger points in painful episodes of patients with chronic shoulder pain. Systematic Review.
Authors: Paz Isabel De Almeida , Kerppers Ivo Ilvan , Fréz Andersom Ricardo
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Disorders of the shoulder are the major musculoskeletals morbidities, whose pathophysiological mechanisms of pain in the shoulder are poorly understood , myofascial trigger points are presented as alternative diagnosis of these disorders. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the release of trigger points on the pain symptoms in patients with chronic shoulder pain. Method: We conducted a descriptive study using a systematic literature review , in consultation with the databases PubMed , EMBASE , CINAHL , PEDro , SportDiscus , and LILACS . Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the selected studies , with the help of Quality Scale Jadad and PEDro scale. Results: The initial search resulted in 312 articles . After analyzing the titles and reading the abstracts , 70 studies that appeared repeatedly in more than one database and 214 who did not meet the predefined inclusion criteria , 28 texts were analyzed in their entirety were excluded , considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined only 2 articles were selected and subjected to analysis for methodological quality. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the importance of inspection and inactivation of myofascial trigger points in the muscles of the shoulder in patients with chronic pain , as they contribute to decreased overall picture of pain.
Body injury in the elderly victims of fall in public transportation.
Authors: Blanco Priscilla Hellen Martinez , Gimenes Régio Marcio Toesca , Silva Eraldo Schunk , Cortez Lucia Elaine Ranieri
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Bodily injury from fall can happen in all subjects, but this risk increases in the elderly due to the inherent changes of aging itself moreover, the public mass transit system is not adapted to the needs of this population on the rise. Objective: The objective of this research was to describe and analyze injuries by body segment in the elderly fall victims of the mass transport of Maringa. Method: This research is cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective and quantitatively through analysis of patient records of the occurrence of falls in the elderly aged over 60 years in the collective transport of Maringa between the period 2005 to 2012, where we analyzed the following variables: gender, age and injured segment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal - Wallis test. Results: The results showed an increase in the number of falls in transport in the city and in 2012 (60 %) of these events were elderly, most cases of falls is in females (69 % of cases) and body segments more were injured members. Conclusion: We conclude that this research in Maringa women are the most frequent victims of falling in public transport in the city and that the most significantly injured segment are the upper and lower limbs.
Effect of a body awareness therapy in young healthy.
Authors: Fregonesi Cristina Elena Prado Teles , Pelai Elisa Bizetti , Palma Mariana Romanholi , Pinto Mariana De Carvalho , Salgado Afonso Shiguemi Inoue , Mantovani Alessandra Madia
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Body Awareness Therapy (BAT) can be used in various clinical settings, in both the prevention and rehabilitation, particularly by improving body awareness, aspects of pain and health mint, however, their scientific evidence is still scarce. Objective: This study aimed to verify the influence of BAT sessions on body awareness in healthy young adults. Method: This is a clinical trial with a sample of young people between 18 and 25, healthy, of both genders, students of the degree course in physiotherapy FCT/UNESP. Data collection occurred in three phases: before the intervention, after the end of 16 sessions (immediate effect) and two months after the latter - follow up (late effect). In general each of these moments data were collected and applied BAQ questionnaire - Body Consciousness Questionnaire. How intervention, 16 sessions of BAT, once a week, lasting 50 minutes was performed. Results: The sample consisted of 28 individuals with 19.85 ± 1.54 years, five males and 23 females. There was improvement in the perception of body awareness (p<0.0001), both immediately after about two months after the intervention program. Conclusion: We conclude, therefore, that after 16 sessions of BAT, one can observe a significant increase in the perception of body awareness of individuals.
Sleep during, overweight and obesity in adolescence: a systematic review.
Authors: Silva Maritza Lordsleem , Melo Raphael José Perrier , Dabbicco Penelopy , De Freita Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro
Published: June 2015

Introduction: In adolescence, intense social and school demands, hormonal changes that modify the circadian rhythms and the overuse of electronic equipments causes an inadequate sleep duration to adolescents. Studies have linked short sleep duration with the increase odds to have overweight and obesity. Objective: To identify articles that analyzed relationship between inadequate sleep time and overweight and obesity in adolescents. Method: It was done a research on Bireme (Lilacs and MEDLINE), PubMed, Scielo and Ibecs for two independents researchers using Portuguese and English keywords: “sleep”, “sleep duration”, “adolescence”, “obesity” and “overweigh”. It was considerated as inclusion criteria: sample with 10-19-year adolescents, original articles between 2002 and 2013 in Portuguese and English. Therefore, it was excluded review articles, thesis, dissertations and monographs. Results: The initial Electronic search resulted in 663 articles and, after process of article select with read of titles, resumes and the complete form, it was selected 15 articles. Conclusion:  Inadequate levels of sleep duration are associated with increase of overweight and obesity in adolescents.
Analysis of heart rate variability in the measurement of the activity of the autonomic nervous system: technical note.
Authors: Brandão Glauber Sá , Sampaio Antônia Adonis Callou , Brandão Glaudson Sá , Urbano Jéssica Julioti , Fonsêca Nina Teixeira , Apostólico Nadua , De Oliveira Ezequiel Fernandes , Perez Eduardo De Araujo , Almeida Rafael Da Guia , Dias Ismael Sousa , Santos Israel Reis , Nacif Sergio Roberto , Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco
Published: June 2015

Introduction: The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been used as a resource for the measurement of autonomic nervous system activity in different situations. This analysis is based on identifying the strength of bands of low and high frequencies of the spectral function of the RR intervals in heart rate. Studies have shown that the related high frequency band parasympathetic tone controls the resting state, while exercise is associated with sympathetic activation, linked to lower frequency bands. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in mediating the cardiovascular responses induced by stress. Objective: To describe a technique for analysis of heart rate variability in the measurement of autonomic nervous system activity. Discussion: To perform HRV analysis the "Nerve-Express" uses an effective and transparent visual representation, known as rhythmography method which reflects the structure of HRV wave and acts as a "fingerprint" of autonomic regulatory mechanisms. The wave RR intervals are recorded sequentially forming a rhythmogram, namely a picture of curved wave-specific variability of RR intervals.