bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterisation and Biological Evaluation of Substituted 4- ((1H-Benzo[d]Imidazol-2-YL) Methoxy) Coumarin Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Singh Baljeet
Published: May 2020

A series of coumarin-benzimidazole derivatives i.e. 4-((1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)methoxy)coumarin derivatives (7a-j) was synthesized by reacting appropriate starting materials and evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial activity. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR). Antimicrobial studies of these compounds were performed against the both the Gram positive, MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) as well as Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The activity was investigated by using both Agar well diffusion as well as MIC assay. All the compounds were show significant bactericidal activity against all the pathogenic strains in comparison to Ciprofloxacin, a broad spectrum antibiotic against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Most of the synthesized derivatives appeared as excellent antimicrobial agents as compared to standard drug Ciprofloxacin. Compound 7b was found to be the most active antibacterial agent against Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria.
Usnic Acid Inhibits Cell Proliferation Via Downregulation Of PCNA Expression In Gastric Carcinoma AGS Cells
Authors: Kumar Kunal , Singh Rana P , Mishra Jai PN
Published: May 2020

Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite obtained from various species of lichen. Previous studies have shown various biological activities of usnic acid, such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-protozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities in different models. Its anti-proliferative activities in gastric cancer cells are still unexplored. Herein, we have investigated the effects of usnic acid on cell proliferation and viability and associated molecular alterations in human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. The treatment of usnic acid (2.5-25μM) dose-dependently reduced cell proliferation. The mRNA expression of tumor suppressor gene phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN)in the usnic acid-treated AGS cells was increased, which may play a role in the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell death. We also observed a decrease in the expression of PCNA that regulates cell proliferation by playing an important role in DNA replication. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, which may play a role in cell cycle and proliferation inhibition was found uninfluenced with usnic acid treatment. Thus, collectively these results revealed that usnic acid inhibits the cell proliferation of AGS cells through downregulating the expression of PCNA and can be further evaluated in vivo models for its therapeutic potentials.
A Brief Study of Nephrotoxicity and Nephroprotective Agents
Authors: . Shamna , Jose Jasteena , . Shijikumar , Ahmed Riyaz
Published: May 2020

A kidney is particularly prone to the action of nephrotoxins because it receives 25% of the cardiac output. The presence of the metabolic processes in the renal tubular cells, nephrotoxins can release toxic components and induce damage. Nephrotoxicity can be diagnosed through a simple blood test. Evaluation of nephrotoxicity through blood tests includes the measurements of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the concentration of serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance. The majority of cases of renal disease remain unnoticed unless they progress to advance stages when conventional therapeutic interventions are usually not sufficient to cure them completely. In this review, the study attempted to identify biomarkers that are more sensitive than the established markers and that are more indicative of pre-renal damage. Research is also focused on identifying biomarkers that can indicate the nature of the mechanisms involved. Nephrotoxicity assays such as measurement of the concentration of serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) do not have the sensitivity and selectivity required to determine nephrotoxicity in an early stage. Recently identified biomarkers described in this review may provide useful information to diagnose nephrotoxicity earlier and more selectively.
Philosophical questions
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: May 2020

We present a list of important philosophical questions.
Covid19 autopsy in Oklahoma detects the facultatively anaerobic Proteus mirabilis in lungs - reason of death written as “complications of hepatic cirrhosis” with renal nephrosclerosis and acute bronchopneumonia - all symptoms associated with Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep
Published: May 2020

The hypothesis of SARS-Cov2 enabling anaerobic bacteria colonize the lungs in Covid19 is based on se- quencing data from several studies across the globe [1]. Here, the autopsy of a 42-year-old obese man with muscular dystrophy shows [2] the presence of Proteus mirabilis in the lungs (found by culturing), a facultatively anaerobic bacteria that is often implicated in the reasons cited for the cause of death.
Potential benefits of Vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 patients: a hypothesis
Authors: Kurthkoti Krishna , Das Gautam
Published: May 2020

The hypothesis describes the potential benefits of Vitamin D in COVID-19 based on the available studies done in influenza
Further experimental investigations on variation of types, and on the nature of quantitative differences in Daphnia types.
Authors: Press Maximilian Oliver
Published: May 2020

This is a draft translation from German to English of the 1909 article by Richard Woltereck originally describing reaction norms and genetic assimilation. This second version corrects several errors and mistranslations in the first.
Makalah Bola voli
Authors: Napitupulu Nelly Astiana
Published: May 2020

KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala rahmatNYA sehingga makalah ini dapat tersusun hingga selesai . Tidak lupa kami juga mengucapkan banyak terimakasih atas bantuan dari pihak yang telah berkontribusi dengan memberikan sumbangan baik materi maupun pikirannya.Dan harapan Saya semoga makalah ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman bagi para pembaca, Untuk ke depannya dapat memperbaiki bentuk maupun menambah isi makalah agar menjadi lebih baik lagi.Karena keterbatasan pengetahuan maupun
PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI - FANNISA X MIA 3
Authors: Suhartono Fannisa Adani
Published: May 2020

Permainan Bola Voli termasuk salah satu olahraga yang diminati oleh banyak orang, termasuk masyarakat Indonesia. Olahraga bola voli diciptakan pertama kali oleh William G. Morgan di sekitar akhir abad 19. Di Indonesia sendiri, permainan Bola Voli masuk pada masa penjajahan Belanda pada tahun 1928. Namun saat itu permainan ini hanya dapat dimainkan oleh bangsawan dan orang orang Belanda.Permainan Bola Voli merupakan olahraga yang menggunakan bola berbahan karet atau kulit dan dimainkan secara berkelompok oleh dua tim. Di dalam permainan Bola Voli terdapat beberapa teknik dasar yaitu Servis yang terdiri dari Servis Atas, Servis Bawah, Floating Service, dan Jumping Service, kemudian Passing yang terdiri atas Passing Atas, Passing Bawah, Passing Bawah Satu Tangan, dan Passing Bawah Dua Tangan, ada juga Smash yang terdiri atas Open Smash, Quick Smash dan Semi Smash, dan yang terakhir adalah Blocking.Tidak berbeda dengan olahraga lainnya, Voli juga dimainkan di lapangan dengan ukuran tertentu. Tak hanya luas lapangan, ada baiknya juga untuk kita mengetahui setiap aspek yang ada di dalamnya, tidak terkecuali net dan bola. Dan juga terdapat peraturan yang harus ditaati oleh para pemain Bola Voli agar mengetahui cara bermain yang benar dan menghindari terjadinya pelanggaran, dan peraturan dalam menghitung skor dimana permainan Bola Voli menggunakan sistem penghitungan skor yang bersifat rally point.
Makalah tentang Bola Voli Cristian Totti X MIA - 3
Authors: P CRistian Totti R. , Suyono
Published: May 2020

Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Bola Voli di Kalangan Remaja dan Siswa IndonesiaCristian Totti Roniasi PangaribuanX MIA - 3AbstrakBola voli adalah olahraga yang dimainkan oleh dua tim dalam satu lapangan yang dipisahkan oleh sebuah net. Terdapat versi yang berbeda tentang jumlah pemain, jenis / ukuran, lapangan, angka kemenangan yang digunakan, untuk keperluan tertentu. Namun pada hakekatnya permainan bola voli bermaksud menyebarluaskan kemahiran bermain kepada setiap orang yang meminatinya. Tujuan dari permainan adalah melewatkan bola di atas net agar dapat jatuh menyentuh lantai lapangan lawan dan untuk mencegah usaha yang sama dari lawan. Setiap tim dapat memainkan tiga pantulan untuk mengembalikan bola (di luar perkenaan blok). Pengupayaan ini menjadi acuan seberapa efektif pembinaan dari sekolah, klub olahraga, dan berbagai pelatihan daerah lainnya dalam hal mendidik dan menghasilkan bibit-bibit muda yang berkualitas. Semua faktor harus dipersiapkan agar setiap remaja dan siswa semakin bersemangat dalam berkompetisi di olahraga ini.Kata Kunci : bola voli, kompetisi, pengupayaan Trying to improve volleyball achievements among teenagers and Indonesian studentsAbstractVolleyball is a sport played by two teams on one field separated by a net. There are different versions of the number of players, types/sizes, squares, winning Numbers used, for certain purposes. But in essence a game of volleyball intended to promote skill to everyone who desired it. The purpose of the game is to miss the ball over the net in order to fall to the ground floor of the opponent and to prevent the same effort from the opponent. Each team can play three reflections to return the ball (out of the blocks). This preparation serves as a model for how effective the coaching of schools, sports clubs, and other area training in educating and producing quality young seeds. All factors must be prepared in order for each youth and student to compete more vigorously in the games. Keywords : volleyball, competition, enrichment
“Walking in Two Worlds”: Towards an Indigenist Ecological Systems Model for Group Therapy
Authors: Fish Jillian , Hirsch Glenn , Syed Moin
Published: May 2020

Walking in two worlds is a common metaphor Indigenous peoples use to describe their experiences navigating the differences between Indigenous and Western epistemological and ontological worldviews across various contexts. Despite wide support for this phenomena, there have been few attempts to address Indigenous-Western cultural incongruities through structural changes in counseling psychology, though we are well-equipped as a profession to do so. Thus, we propose for counseling psychology to move towards an Indigenist Ecological Systems Model (IESM; MASKED, 2018) as an integrative framework for promoting Indigenous epistemologies and ontologies in science and practice. We provide a brief overview of IESM and a direct application of the model through a case illustration of Walking in Two Worlds, a psychotherapy group for Indigenous peoples. With IESM, we describe creating an Indigenous-informed clinical intervention that leverages Indigenous epistemologies and ontologies, prompting real ecological change. We conclude with implications IESM has for counseling psychology.
IMPACT OF METRO STATION IN ITS IMMEDIATE NEIGHBORHOOD – A CASE STUDY OF CHENNAI METRO RAIL CORRIDOR
Authors: Karthigeyan D. , Chander Sheeba
Published: May 2020

Metro stations around the world have contributed to the development of the spacesurrounding the station. The intensity of development depends not only on the metrostation but on lot of other parameters like availability of developable land, populationdensity, existing intermodal connection, distance to the Central Business District(CBD), etc. Through literature the possible parameters which influence thedevelopment surrounding the metro station is identified and analysed to rank thestations of the Chennai metro rail 1st phase. This ranking will help to forecast thedevelopment which is likely to happen surrounding the metro station, helping theauthorities in formulating suitable development regulations surrounding the station.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE SHRINKAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE PRODUCED BY USING FIBERS OF DIFFERENT ASPECT RATIO
Authors: P Rudraswamy M , Patagundi B.R , Prakash K.B
Published: May 2020

In the present paper, effects of shrinkage in fiber reinforced concrete are studied.Here, in the current research work, an attempt is made to study the effects onshrinkage of concrete when five different fiber materials are used for reinforcing plainconcrete. Three configurations of each reinforcing fiber material is studied. Fiberaspect ratios of 40 and 100 and a combination of the fibers of the two aspect ratios inequal proportion (hybrid) make up the three configurations for one individual fibermaterial reinforcement. Shrinkage values are indicated in terms of total length ofcrack and the total area of the crack. On-field measurement of crack dimensions atperiodic time intervals ranging from 0 minutes to 28 days after casting of concrete hasbeen undertaken to determine the accurate values of shrinkage cracks in the fifteenscenarios i.e. five reinforcing fiber materials with three configurations each usingaspect ratio of fibers 40, 100 and the hybrid (40 +100) case. It is seen that,irrespective of the material of fiber used for reinforcing concrete, hybridized concreteconsistently shows better results relative to single aspect ratio fiber reinforcement.This research also aims to provide a bench mark for future research works onshrinkage characteristics of hybridized fiber reinforced concrete
Eye Tracking of Quantifier Formats
Authors: Holford Dawn Liu , Juanchich Marie , Foulsham Tom , Sirota Miroslav , Clarke Alasdair D F
Published: May 2020

When people are given quantified information (e.g., ‘there is a 60% chance of rain’), the format of quantifiers (i.e., numerical: ‘a 60% chance’ vs. verbal: ‘it is likely’) might affect their decisions. Previous studies with indirect cues of judgements and decisions (e.g., response times, decision outcomes) give inconsistent findings that could support either a more intuitive process for verbal than numerical quantifiers or a greater focus on the context (e.g., rain) for verbal than numerical quantifiers. We used two pre-registered eye-tracking experiments (n1 = 148, n2 = 133) to investigate decision-making processes with verbal and numerical quantifiers. Participants evaluated multiple verbally or numerically quantified nutrition labels (Experiment 1) and weather forecasts (Experiment 2) with different context valence (positive or negative), and quantities (low, medium, or high in Experiment 1 and possible, likely, or very likely in Experiment 2) presented in a fully within-subjects design. Participants looked longer at verbal than numerical quantifiers, and longer at the contextual information with verbal quantifiers. Quantifier format also affected judgements and decisions: in Experiment 1, participants judged positive labels to be better in the verbal compared to the equivalent numerical condition (and vice versa for negative labels). In Experiment 2, participants decided on rain protection more for a verbal forecast of rain than the equivalent numerical forecast. The results fit the explanation that verbal quantifiers put more focus on the informational context than do numerical quantifiers, rather than prompting more intuitive decisions.
Sociolinguistic context, not test language, predicts implicit bias scores between ethnicities
Authors: Comstock Lindy B , Iacoboni Marco
Published: May 2020

Language plays a complex role in mediating implicit associations. This study shows that the degree to which these associations are a state-dependent or stable construct may be the product of life experiences. Mexican-American bilinguals were cued regarding the social acceptability of mixing languages (‘codeswitching’). A subset of them—according to a latent profile analysis revealing five response patterns that significantly correlated with participant background characteristics—shifted or even reversed their implicit attitudes toward mixing languages. Thus, language does not “predetermine” bias, as previously claimed, but may evoke contradictory associations within the same individual, indexing shifting context-dependent relationships. The varied response to the same linguistic manipulation suggests that implicit attitudes reflect deeper conceptual processing rather than shallow linguistic associations.
The Breadth of Impacts from the Abecedarian Project Early Intervention on Cognitive Skills
Authors: Pages Remy , Protzko John , Bailey Drew H
Published: May 2020

Early life interventions impacting cognitive abilities are most often followed by post-treatment fadeout. Some have hypothesized that persistence is unlikely when gains are specific to trained skills, or more specifically, distinguishable from impacts on general cognitive ability (classically modeled as a hierarchical factor, so-called psychometric g). Using measurement invariance testing and multiple indicators multiple causes models, we investigated impacts on IQ subtests from the Abecedarian early childhood intervention (n = 107). We found that 1) observed impacts on IQ scores from age 5 to age 21 were consistent with persistent positive effects on g; 2) subtest-specific variance that was differentiable from changes on g did fade. Together, these findings indicated that Abecedarian early impact persisted across a range of cognitive skills, providing some evidence for the hypothesis that breadth and persistence of impacts from educational interventions are related.
Triple tubostomy and its outcome for blunt duodenal injury
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Yadav Tek Narayan , Awale Laligen , Adhikary Shailesh
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Blunt duodenal injury in an uncommon form of abdominal injuries, which comprises less than 5% of all injuries. The diagnosis and management are challenging, because of delays in diagnosis due to subtle signs and symptoms in its early stage of presentation. Primary repair along with triple tubostomy (gastrostomy, retrograde duodenostomy and feeding jejunostomy) is a simple and safe method of damage control surgery in this group of patients. This study aims to report our experience in the management of this uncommon procedure.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the patients undergoing triple tubostomy (TT) for blunt duodenal injury at the Department of Surgery, B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, over a three and half years. The study included demographics, clinical profile, length of hospital stay, postoperative morbidity (duodenal fistula), rate and timing of spontaneous closure of fistula and mortality.

Results: Eleven (6.7%) patients out of 164 blunt trauma abdomen had sustained a duodenal injury. Eight patients who underwent TT were included in the study. The mean age of the patient was 31.8 years (range: 18-67), with a male: female ratio of 3:1. The mean time to trauma and presentation was 4.25 days. The most common site of injury was the second part of the duodenum (87.5%), AAST grade III was seen in 62.5%, two (25%) patients were in shock at presentation. Eight patients required primary closure with triple tubostomy. Postoperatively, all patients had a duodenal fistula, which closed spontaneously in 6 (75%) patients at a mean duration of 17 days, with a mean postoperative length of hospital stay of 33.5 days. The remaining two (25%) patients died of an active fistula.

Conclusion: Blunt duodenal trauma, when presented late can be managed with primary closure and triple tubostomy with acceptable postoperative outcomes.
Complete laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: our experience of the first case
Authors: Joshi Mukund Raj , Regmee Sujan , Bohara Tanka Prasad , Chakradhar Rupesh , Shrestha Mandesh
Published: May 2020

Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy was described in 1994. It is considered the most challenging abdominal surgery. Although the procedure was found to be feasible in initial reports, the benefits were not considered favorable. In recent days, with the increasing experience of surgeons, acceptable outcomes are being observed and have been found to be technically beneficial and oncologically safe in selective cases in experienced hands. We performed the procedure in a 42-year-old gentleman with good operative and post-operative outcomes. The patient’s follow-up for six post-operative months seems satisfactory. The operation took 840 minutes with minimal blood loss. The resected specimen was adequate and satisfactory from an oncological and technical point of view. The patient developed some inherent complications of the procedure in the post-operative period. He recovered well. Details of the case and technical aspects are being discussed.
Fractal model equation for spontaneous imbibition
Authors: Samayoa D. , Ochoa Ontiveros L. A. , Damián Adame L. , Reyes de Luna E. , Álvarez Romero L. , Romero-Paredes G.
Published: May 2020

A new analytic model of fractal imbibition in porous media is derived. The topological Hausdorff dimension is used as a fractal parameter inthe proposed model. The fractal formulation is based on the model introduced by Li and Zhao to predict the production rate by spontaneousimbibition. Cantor Tartans and Menger sponge fractals are used to simulate fractal porous media with different ramifications. Results ofillustrative examples are presented in the form of a set of curves, which reveal the features of enhanced oil recovery of the model underconsideration. The results are compared with the experimental behaviour found on core samples of previous publications.
New Analytical Solutions of Fractional Symmetric Regularized-Long-Wave Equation
Authors: Senol Mehmet
Published: May 2020

In this study, new extended direct algebraic method is successfully implemented to acquire new exact wave solution sets for symmetric regularized-long-wave (SRLW) equation which arise in long water flow models. By the help of Mathematica symbolic calculation package, the method produced a great number of analytical solutions. We also presented a few graphical illustrations for some surfaces. The fractional derivatives are considered in the conformable sense. All of the solutions were checked by substitution to ensure the reliability of the method. Obtained results confirm that the method is straightforward, powerful and effective method to attain exact solutions for nonlinear fractional differential equations. Therefore, the method is a good candidate to take part in the existing literature.
Nonlinear fractional stimulated Raman exact passage in three-level systems
Authors: Shirkhanghah N. , Saadati-Niari M.
Published: May 2020

We adapt nonlinear stimulated Raman exact passage (NL-STIREP) technique first proposed by Dorier etal. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 243902 (2017)] to fractional population transfer in configurations and extend itto nonlinear N-pod systems. We use NLF-STIRAP technique in a system and indicate that, NLF-STIREPtechnique can guide the dynamics of the system as efficiently as a NLF-STIRAP but with considerably smallerRabi frequency amplitudes. We implement NLF-STIREP technique in fractional creation of ground molecularBose-Einstein condensates (BECs) from atomic BECs and show that, this technique is robust with respect tochanges in the time delay between the pulses and pulse intensity.
Genus transition by order shift in a dynamical system
Authors: Rivas-Cisneros D. E. , Diaz-Romero D. A. , Posadas-Castillo C.
Published: May 2020

It is well known that the genus of strange attractors change if the control parameters of the dynamical system are modified. It is shown that the genus of strange attractors can also depend on the order of the system and that such changes generate different strange attractors. Topological tools are used to know the genus of the strange attractor.
The Specter of Failed Transition: Tocqueville and the Reception of Liberalism in Reform China
Authors: van Dongen Els
Published: May 2020

What connects the political thinker and historian Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) to China? Hitherto, scholars have answered this question by looking into references to China in his Democracy in America and The Old Regime and the Revolution or by applying insights from his works to issues of democratization. This article seeks to move beyond these “Tocquevillian perspectives on China” and instead foregrounds “Chinese perspectives on Tocqueville”: How did Chinese thinkers understand Tocqueville in reform China (post-1978)? Building on existing research that has analyzed Tocqueville as a thinker concerned with transition rather than with democratization per se, this article posits that Chinese intellectuals interpreted Tocqueville to warn against the dangers of “failed transition” after the suppression of the Tiananmen demonstrations and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Swayed by the Tocquevillian paradox of reform, they identified the French and Anglo-American “models” as “cases” from which general lessons could be drawn. The article further posits that the renewed interest in Tocqueville in the 2010s was also marked by the specter of failed transition. Later, readers and officials pinpointed the rise of social inequality as a potentially destabilizing factor . Finally, the article sheds light on these contemporary readings of Tocqueville against the broader background of the history of liberalism in China.
Visão dos alunos bolsistas do PIBID/ Matemática sobre o que é ser professor e o seu papel no Programa
Authors: Costa Roberta , Prata-Linhares Martha Maria , Pompeu Carla Cristina
Published: May 2020

A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar reflexões de um grupo de alunos bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) sobre o que é ser professor e qual é o seu papel no PIBID. Sete alunos bolsistas do PIBID/ Matemática de uma universidade localizada no Triângulo Mineiro foram convidados a participar de um encontro onde realizou-se uma entrevista coletiva com perguntas abertas.  Para a análise dos dados utilizamos o software IRaMuTeQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). A análise dos dados trouxe à tona aspectos como a importância do trabalho do professor supervisor como coformador desses alunos bolsistas, a valorização da formação integrada, da transformação didática, da atitude e do desenvolvimento profissional dos alunos bolsistas.
GETTING ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BAMBOO STALKS
Authors: Chu Kong Ngi Spicyn A.A. , Ponomarev D.A.
Published: May 2020

Preparation of activated carbon from bamboo stems is discussed on the basis of literature sources. Some chemical characteristics such as sorption activity are given together with the peculiarities of carbon surface structure. The possibility of bamboo stems utilization for preparation of activated carbon with properties sufficiently good for industrial application is also demonstrated.
MAIN PROBLEMS IN PRACTICING THE PROFESSION OF MIDWIFE IN HOSPITAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Radeva S. , Georgieva L.
Published: May 2020

The obstetric profession requires a well-informed motivation and understanding of the nature of the profession with all the responsibilities of the work process and the needs of the patients. In Bulgaria, the profession is no longer attractive for new staff. There is a growing gap between the conditions and the adopted model of work with the increasing demands of patients. This article presents the results of a survey of 173 midwives from five hospitals in different cities across the country about the main problems in practice and the compliance of their expectations with the actual work process
PROBABILITY OF DENTAL PATHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN RESIDING IN ZONES OF VARIOUS ANTHROPOGENIC LOADS BASED ON MOLECULAR GENETIC EVALUATION OF POLYMORPHISMS OF І AND ІІ PHASE OF DETOXICATION
Authors: Skulskaya S.V. , Verbickaya T.G. , Shnajder S.A.
Published: May 2020

Relevance. Adverse environmental conditions and man-made disasters are not considered as air, soil and groundwater oversaturated environmental pollutants and toxicants. They cause disturbances in biochemical reactions and metabolic processes in childhood and at a young age.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of polymorphism of the detoxification gene of the first phase Cyp1A1 (A1506G) and the second phase genes GSTM1, GSTT1, on hard tissue indices of permanent teeth, periodontal indices and oral hygiene indices in children living in areas of different anthropogenic stress.
Materials and methods. We studied the polymorphism of the CYP1A1 gene (A1506G), polymorphisms GSTM1, GSTT1 in children living in areas of different anthropogenic stress. We evaluated the state of hard tissues of teeth, periodontal tissues and oral hygiene.
Findings. The results of a study of the dental status of children indicate a negative effect of polymorphisms of the GSTM1, GSTT1 genes on the state of hard tissues of teeth, periodontal tissues and oral hygiene, especially as a result of adverse environmental factors. To reduce the likelihood of adverse factors provoking the development of major dental diseases, it is necessary to develop prevention methods based on the study of hereditary predisposition to them.
ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTS IN THE LIGHT AND FOOD INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA IN 2005-2018
Authors: Stecenko A.A.
Published: May 2020

The materials of this article include a comparative analysis of the structure of investments in machinery, equipment, and vehicles in the total volume of fixed capital investments aimed at reconstruction and modernization in the light food industry of the Russian Federation. The structure of investments in food production, including beverages, tobacco production, textile production, clothing production, fur dressing and dyeing, and leather, leather products, and footwear production is presented in detail.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE VALUE OF THE CONSTITUTION AGREEMENT WHEN CREATING A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Authors: Brauzman O.A.
Published: May 2020

In the article, the author examined the legislative changes in the number of constituent documents when creating a limited liability company in the Russian Federation. The author has analyzed the provisions of such documents as, memorandum of association, foundation agreement and charter. As a result of consideration of the value of the memorandum of association, the author concluded that the legislative changes introduced are appropriate
CONCEPT OF FUTURE IN DAVID FOSTER WALACE’S «INFINITE JEST»
Authors: Tokarev K.A.
Published: May 2020

The article examines a novel «Infinite Jest» by an American writer David Foster Wallace in the context of postmodern paradigm and the following literary and cultural tendencies. On the basis of the works by cultural critics Simon Reynolds and Mark Fisher, who argue that contemporary culture lacks interest in future, the study focuses on time and its perception as a topic in the novel. The main goal of this work is to identify the novel’s images and motives that have a connection with the concept of future. The main points of the study are the reception of time through the introduction of new type of calendar in the novel, images of possible historic picture of the future (geopolitical tendencies, ecological problems, etc.) and the chosen time period in the narrative
(ambiguous future). The article also provides an analysis of postmodern paradigm’s time frame for the clarification of the novel’s position in literary and cultural sphere during its development.
MODERN UKRAINE AS A STATE-LIMITROF
Authors: Rodin I.O.
Published: May 2020

The phenomenon of the state of limitrophe became relevant once again after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, when new independent states began to form on the frontiers of Russia. This issue has been researched by domestic scholars, but at this point this still important topic is unfairly overlooked in the political discourse. In this article, the author tries to determine what role limitrophe states play in world politics, as well as how limitrophization affects Ukraine’s foreign and domestic policy
THE INFLUENCE OF ASH MICROSPHERES ON CERAMIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Skripnikova N. K. , Grigorevskaya D. K. , Semenovykh M. A.
Published: May 2020

The paper deals with the problem of producing heat-insulating ceramic bricks using ash microspheres. The influence of the main technological factors on the ceramic material properties and physicochemical processes in composition preparation is investigated. Clay raw materials of the Verkhovaya deposit of the Tomsk region and ash hollow microspheres of the Belovskaya power plant are studied. It is found that 80 % ash microspheres in the mixture composition reduces the average density by 50 % and water absorption by 28 %; and increases thermal conductivity by 50 %, average compressive strength by 22 % and flexural strength by 30 %. According to the Xray analysis, laboratory samples represent the following crystalline phases: quartz, gehlenite, albite, kyanite, anorthite- and mullite-like compounds. The presence of these minerals in the composition improves the strength properties of the resulting calcined compositions. Microscopy observations show that the structure of the samples is mostly uniform, with a significant number of closed and half-closed pores, that are difficult to reach and inaccessible to water. This factor significantly affects the frost resistance of the product, causing stress relaxation arising from water frozen in pores. As a result, the obtained laboratory samples have the improved thermophysical quality.
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF SAND SLURRY FLOW IN A PIPE
Authors: Matvienko O. V. , Bazuev V. P. , Cherkasov I. S. , Litvinova A. E.
Published: May 2020

The sand slurry flow in a cylindrical pipe is investigated using the Ostwald de Waele model. The dependence of the fluid flow rate on the pressure drop is determined, dependencies for the radial distribution of velocity and effective viscosity of flow are obtained. It is shown that the distribution of effective viscosity is characterized by a monotonic increase as it approaches the pipe walls. As the consistency increases, the mechanical energy dissipation of the flow also increases leading to an increase in hydraulic resistance. During the flow of dilatant media with the low nonlinearity index, the hydraulic resistance decreases with increasing pressure drop. When this index is 2, the hydraulic resistance does not depend on the pressure drop and is determined only by the liquid properties and the channel size. At highe values of the nonlinearity index, the increased pressure drop leads to an increase in hydraulic resistance. Keywords
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT OF HIGH-DISPERSIVE METALLIC IRON POWDERS BASED ON SEDIMENTS OF IRON REMOVAL STATION
Authors: Maksimov L. I. , Mirinov V. V.
Published: May 2020

Sediments from iron removal stations are a source of environmental pollution. It is necessary to find effective and eco-friendly methods of sediment disposal. The paper investigates the properties of iron-containing sediment in order to develop a technology for its further utilization. It is shown that sediments from the iron removal station of Velizhansky water intake have a stable chemical composition with about 70 % Fe2O3, and a stable particle size distribution, i.e. 20 μm for ≈ 87 % of particles. These parameters allow developing a flow chart for iron reduction in heated carbon monoxide. The involvement of sediments from iron removal stations in the high-dispersive metallic iron powder production eliminates the sediment deposit at landfills or storage tanks and creates a new raw material base for additive technologies.
Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Spinal Cord Injury (TRACK-SCI): an overview of initial enrollment and demographics
Authors: Tsolinas Rachel E. , Burke John F. , DiGiorgio Anthony M. , Thomas Leigh H. , Duong-Fernandez Xuan , Harris Mark H. , Yue John K. , Winkler Ethan A. , Suen Catherine G. , Pascual Lisa U. , Ferguson Adam R. , Huie J. Russell , Pan Jonathan Z. , Hemmerle Debra D. , Singh Vineeta , Torres-Espin Abel , Omondi Cleopa , Kyritsis Nikos , Haefeli Jenny , Weinstein Philip R. , de Almeida Neto Carlos A. , Kuo Yu-Hung , Taggard Derek , Talbott Jason F. , Whetstone William D. , Manley Geoffrey T. , Bresnahan Jacqueline C. , Beattie Michael S. , Dhall Sanjay S.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a dreaded condition that can lead to paralysis and severe disability. With few treatment options available for patients who have suffered from SCI, it is important to develop prospective databases to standardize data collection in order to develop new therapeutic approaches and guidelines. Here, the authors present an overview of their multicenter, prospective, observational patient registry, Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in SCI (TRACK-SCI).

METHODS

Data were collected using the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) common data elements (CDEs). Highly granular clinical information, in addition to standardized imaging, biospecimen, and follow-up data, were included in the registry. Surgical approaches were determined by the surgeon treating each patient; however, they were carefully documented and compared within and across study sites. Follow-up visits were scheduled for 6 and 12 months after injury.

RESULTS

One hundred sixty patients were enrolled in the TRACK-SCI study. In this overview, basic clinical, imaging, neurological severity, and follow-up data on these patients are presented. Overall, 78.8% of the patients were determined to be surgical candidates and underwent spinal decompression and/or stabilization. Follow-up rates to date at 6 and 12 months are 45% and 36.3%, respectively. Overall resources required for clinical research coordination are also discussed.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors established the feasibility of SCI CDE implementation in a multicenter, prospective observational study. Through the application of standardized SCI CDEs and expansion of future multicenter collaborations, they hope to advance SCI research and improve treatment.
Altered corticospinal microstructure and motor cortex excitability in gliomas: an advanced tractography and transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Mirchandani Ayesha Sunil , Beyh Ahmad , Lavrador José Pedro , Howells Henrietta , Dell’Acqua Flavio , Vergani Francesco
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

This prospective case-control study was conducted to examine whether spherical deconvolution (SD) can unveil microstructural abnormalities in the corticospinal tract (CST) caused by IDH-mutant gliomas. To determine the significance of abnormal microstructure, the authors investigated the correlation between diffusion parameters and neurophysiological data collected with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS).

METHODS

Twenty participants (10 patients and 10 healthy controls) were recruited. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired on a 3-T MRI scanner using a cardiac-gated single-shot spin echo echo-planar imaging multiband sequence (TE 80 msec, TR 4000 msec) along 90 diffusion directions with a b-value of 2500 sec/mm2 (FOV 256 × 256 mm). Diffusion tensor imaging tractography and SD tractography were performed with deterministic tracking. The anterior portion of the ipsilateral superior peduncle and the precentral gyrus were used as regions of interest to delineate the CST. Diffusion indices were extracted and analyzed for significant differences between hemispheres in patients and between patient and control groups. A navigated brain stimulation system was used to deliver TMS pulses at hotspots at which motor evoked potentials (MEPs) for the abductor pollicis brevis, first digital interosseous, and abductor digiti minimi muscles are best elicited in patients and healthy controls. Functional measurements such as resting motor threshold (rMT), amplitude of MEPs, and latency of MEPs were noted. Significant differences between hemispheres in patients and between patients and controls were statistically analyzed. The Spearman rank correlation was used to investigate correlations between diffusion indices and functional measurements.

RESULTS

The hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA), measured with SD tractography, is lower in the hemisphere ipsilateral to glioma (p = 0.028). The rMT in the hemisphere ipsilateral to a glioma is significantly greater than that in the contralateral hemisphere (p = 0.038). All measurements contralateral to the glioma, except for the mean amplitude of MEPs (p = 0.001), are similar to those of healthy controls. Mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity from SD tractography are positively correlated with rMT in the hemisphere ipsilateral to glioma (p = 0.02 and 0.006, respectively). The interhemispheric difference in HMOA and rMT is correlated in glioma patients (p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

SD tractography can demonstrate microstructural abnormality within the CST of patients with IDH1-mutant gliomas that correlates to the functional abnormality measured with nTMS.
Predictors of 30-day hospital readmission after mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Al Saiegh Fadi , Valcarcel Breanna , Andrews Carrie E. , Fitchett Evan , Nauheim David , Moskal David , Herial Nabeel , Jabbour Pascal , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Sharan Ashwini D. , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Gooch M. Reid
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The 30-day readmission rate is of increasing interest to hospital administrators and physicians, as it is used to evaluate hospital performance and is associated with increased healthcare expenditures. The estimated yearly cost to Medicare of readmissions is $17.4 billion. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services therefore track unplanned 30-day readmissions and institute penalties against hospitals whose readmission rates exceed disease-specific national standards. One of the most important conditions with potential for improvement in cost-effective care is ischemic stroke, which affects 795,000 people in the United States and is a leading cause of death and disability. Recent widespread adoption of mechanical thrombectomy has revolutionized stroke care, requiring reassessment of readmission causes and costs in this population.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained database of stroke patients and identified 561 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between 2010 and 2019 at the authors’ institution. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify clinical variables and comorbidities related to 30-day readmissions in this patient population.

RESULTS

Of the 561 patients, 85.6% (n = 480) survived their admission and were discharged from the hospital to home or rehabilitation, and 8.8% (n = 42/480) were readmitted within 30 days. The median time to readmission was 10.5 days (IQR 6.0–14.3). The most common reasons for readmission were infection (33.3%) and acute cardiac or cerebrovascular events (19% and 20%, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension (p = 0.030; OR 2.72) and length of initial hospital stay (p = 0.040; OR 1.032) were significantly correlated with readmission within 30 days, while hemorrhagic conversion (grades 3 and 4) approached significance (p = 0.053; OR 2.23). Other factors, such as unfavorable outcome at discharge, history of coronary artery disease, and discharge destination, did not predict readmission.

CONCLUSIONS

The study data demonstrate that hypertension, length of hospital stay, and hemorrhagic conversion were predictors of 30-day hospital readmission in stroke patients after mechanical thrombectomy. Infection was the most common cause of 30-day readmission, followed by cardiac and cerebrovascular diagnoses. These results therefore may serve to identify patients within the stroke population who require increased surveillance following discharge to reduce complications and unplanned readmissions.
High-dose MTX110 (soluble panobinostat) safely administered into the fourth ventricle in a nonhuman primate model
Authors: Sandberg David I. , Kharas Natasha , Yu Bangning , Janssen Christopher F. , Trimble Amanda , Ballester Leomar Y. , Patel Rajan , Mohammad Afroz S. , Elmquist William F. , Sirianni Rachael W.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Chemotherapy infusions directly into the fourth ventricle may play a role in treating malignant fourth-ventricular tumors. This study tested the safety and pharmacokinetics of short-term and long-term administration of MTX110 (soluble panobinostat; Midatech Pharma) into the fourth ventricle of nonhuman primates.

METHODS

Four rhesus macaque monkeys underwent posterior fossa craniectomy and catheter insertion into the fourth ventricle. In group I (n = 2), catheters were externalized and lumbar drain catheters were placed simultaneously to assess CSF distribution after short-term infusions. MTX110 (0.5 ml of 300 μM panobinostat solution) was infused into the fourth ventricle daily for 5 consecutive days. Serial CSF and serum panobinostat levels were measured. In group II (n = 2), fourth-ventricle catheters were connected to a subcutaneously placed port for subsequent long-term infusions. Four cycles of MTX110, each consisting of 5 daily infusions (0.5 ml of 300 μM panobinostat solution), were administered over 8 weeks. Animals underwent detailed neurological evaluations, MRI scans, and postmortem histological analyses.

RESULTS

No neurological deficits occurred after intraventricular MTX110 infusions. MRI scans showed catheter placement within the fourth ventricle in all 4 animals, with extension to the cerebral aqueduct in 1 animal and into the third ventricle in 1 animal. There were no MRI signal changes in the brainstem, cerebellum, or elsewhere in the brains of any of the animals. Histologically, normal brain cytoarchitecture was preserved with only focal mild postsurgical changes in all animals. Panobinostat was undetectable in serum samples collected 2 and 4 hours after infusions in all samples in both groups. In group I, the mean peak panobinostat level in the fourth-ventricle CSF (6242 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the lumbar CSF (9 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). In group II, the mean peak CSF panobinostat level (11,042 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the mean trough CSF panobinostat level (33 ng/ml; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

MTX110 can be safely infused into the fourth ventricle in nonhuman primates at supratherapeutic doses. Postinfusion CSF panobinostat levels peak immediately in the fourth ventricle and then rapidly decrease over 24 hours. Panobinostat is detectable at low levels in CSF measured from the lumbar cistern up to 4 hours after infusions. These results will provide background data for a pilot clinical trial in patients with recurrent medulloblastoma.