bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salinophagia in anorexia nervosa: Case reports
Authors: Morgan John F. , Ahene Patience , Lacey J. Hubert
Published: March 2009

We report two cases of pathological ingestion of salt as a feature of anorexia nervosa, which we have previously termed “salinophagia.” Both cases were young women with anorexia nervosa of the purging subtype and of sufficient severity to necessitate inpatient treatment. In both instances, excessive quantities of salt were ingested in the context of treatment programs requiring nutritional rehabilitation, and motivated by a wish to despoil the food and render it distasteful, to rob its ingestion of any hedonic qualities. In one instance, this behavior pattern was imitated by other patients on the unit. Having first briefly described salinophagia in 1999, the first author has received considerable correspondence from other specialists suggesting that this is not an isolated phenomenon. The issues of phenomenology and treatment are further discussed. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2010
Validity and reliability of a Fijian translation and adaptation of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire
Authors: Becker Anne E. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Bainivualiku Asenaca , Richards Lauren , Navara Kesaia , Roberts Andrea L. , Gilman Stephen E. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H.
Published: March 2009

Objective:

Assessment of disordered eating has uncertain validity across culturally diverse populations. This study evaluated Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) performance in an ethnic Fijian study population.

Method:

The EDE‐Q was translated, adapted, and administered to school‐going Fijian adolescent females (N = 523). A subsample (n = 81) completed it again within ∼1 week. We assessed feasibility, internal consistency, and test‐retest reliability; evaluated construct validity through factor analysis and correlation with similar constructs; and examined the marginal utility of an additional question on traditional purgative use.

Results:

Internal consistency reliability was adequate for the global scale and subscales (Cronbach's alpha = 0.66–0.91); retest reliability was adequate for both the languages (range of ICCs, 0.50–0.79, and of kappas, 0.46–0.81, excluding purging items). Construct validity was supported by significant correlations with measures of similar constructs. Factor analysis confirms multiple dimensions of eating disorder symptoms but suggests possible culture‐specific variation in this population. The majority of respondents endorsing traditional purgative use (58%) did not endorse conventional EDE‐Q items assessing purging.

Discussion:

The EDE‐Q is a valid measure of eating disorder pathology for ethnic Fijian adolescent females and measures a unitary underlying construct. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2010
Restoration of degraded moving image for predicting a moving object
Authors: Akiyama Kei , Luo Zhi‐Wei , Onishi Masaki , Hosoe Shigeyuki
Published: March 2009

Iterative optimal calculation methods have been proposed for degraded static image restoration based on the multiresolution wavelet decomposition. However, it is quite difficult to apply these methods to process moving images due to the high computational cost. In this paper, we propose an effective restoration method for degraded moving images by modeling the motion of moving object and predicting the future object position. We verified our method by computer simulations and experiments to show that our method can achieve favorable results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(2): 38–48, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10013
Information filtering with extracted index words using ICA
Authors: Yokoi Takeru , Yanagimoto Hidekazu , Omatu Sigeru
Published: March 2009

We propose an information filtering system with extracted index words using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Elements of a document vector are established as the weights of index words and their dimensions become larger as the number of documents is increased. Therefore, from the viewpoint of processing time and memory space, the dimension must be decreased. The proposed method decreases the dimension by selecting the index words based on the topics included in the corpus. We have applied ICA to the documents to obtain the topics. Then filtering by the relevance feedback with the document vectors reconstructed by the selected index words, was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(2): 21–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10018
Synthesis and Characterization of Two New fac‐Tricarbonylrhenium(I) Biscarbene Complexes
Authors: Hiltner Oliver , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Drees Markus , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: March 2009

fac‐Bromidotricarbonylbis(1,3‐diisopropylimidazoline‐2‐ylidene)rhenium(I) (4a) and fac‐bromidotricarbonylbis(1,3‐dicyclohexylimidazoline‐2‐ylidene)rhenium(I) (4b) with two coordinated 1,3‐dialkylsubstituted imidazoline‐2‐ylidenes were obtained by deprotonation of the corresponding imidazolium chloride salts. In this reaction two coordinated bromides of the metal precursor [NEt4]2[ReBr3(CO)3] were substituted by 1,3‐di‐R‐imidazoline‐2‐ylidene (R = iPr, Cy) ligands to generate two stable rhenium(I) biscarbene complexes that have similar structures, as proven by X‐ray diffraction and DFT calculations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
[Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] Complexes: Synthesis and Determination of the NHC Percent Buried Volume (%Vbur) Steric Parameter
Authors: Clavier Hervé , Correa Andrea , Cavallo Luigi , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: March 2009

Complexes of palladium bearing NHC ligands (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) were synthesized and fully characterized. The [Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] series was obtained by simple cleavage of [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 by using either the isolated free NHC or the in situ generated NHC. The NHC ligand sterics were varied by introduction of groups attached to the C4–C5 carbon atoms of the NHC backbone. Results of the X‐ray diffraction study permitted determination of the NHC steric parameters within this series. It was observed that the NHC backbone induces variations in its percent buried volume (%Vbur) as a function of the N‐substituents.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
United we stand: Intergroup conflict moderates the intergroup sensitivity effect
Authors: Ariyanto Amarina , Hornsey Matthew J. , Gallois Cindy
Published: March 2009

Ingroup members who criticize their group face much less resistance than outgroup members who say the same thing (the intergroup sensitivity effect). In the context of intergroup conflict, however, it was predicted that treatment of ingroup critics would not be so generous. Muslim Indonesians read an extract from an interview in which the speaker criticized Muslims. The comments were attributed to either another Muslim or to a Christian. Before reading the criticism, half of the participants had read an article describing intense conflict between Muslims and Christians in Indonesia, whereas the other half read a neutral article. As predicted, negativity toward the ingroup critic and the ingroup critic's comments increased in the conflict salience condition, to the point that the intergroup sensitivity effect disappeared. However, conflict salience did not have an effect on attributions of motive or on agreement with the message. Implications for our understanding of “patriotic criticism” are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular identity of skin and blood T‐cell clones in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma patients as determined from the migration pattern of the T‐cell receptor‐γ gene by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Gubler Brigitte , Marty‐Grès Sophie , Guillot Bernard , Eliaou Jean‐François , Dereure Olivier
Published: March 2009

The presence of a dominant clonal T‐cell population in skin lesions is an important clue in the diagnosis of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, it has never been determined whether dominant T‐cell receptor (TCR) rearrangements identified in skin lesions and blood from CTCL patients, displaying strictly identical migration patterns by capillary electrophoresis, actually correspond to identical clones. As this information has potential clinical relevance, TCR‐γ (TCRG) gene‐derived amplified fragments from dominant blood and skin T‐cell clones featuring either identical or slightly different capillary electrophoresis migration patterns were analyzed in eleven CTCL patients. In nine patients with identical electrophoretic migration patterns, sequence analyses revealed the dominant skin and blood T‐cell clones to be identical. In contrast, in two patients displaying slight migration differences between skin and blood samples, the TCRG sequences were distinct. Additionally, capillary electrophoresis appears more sensitive and accurate than heteroduplex analysis and in silico analysis of samples of different origins is possible a posteriori. These results demonstrate the efficacy of capillary electrophoresis in assessing molecular identity and discrepancy of dominant T‐cell populations obtained from different tissues or at different times, facilitating diagnosis and follow‐up.
Monolithic silica xerogel capillary column for separations in capillary LC and pressurized CEC
Authors: Qu Qi‐Shu , Wang Song , Mangelings Debby , Wang Cheng‐Yin , Yang Gong‐Jun , Hu Xiao‐Ya , Yan Chao
Published: March 2009

Monolithic capillary columns were prepared by the reaction of a mixture of potassium silicate solution and formamide. The surface of the monolith was coated with a thin film formed by a sol–gel method to increase the surface area of the monolith and simultaneously covered with C8 as stationary phase for reversed‐phase separation. The morphology of the monolithic column was investigated by SEM. Monolithic columns prepared in this manner showed high permeability and can be operated in capillary LC (CLC) mode at a pressure of 20 psi. PAHs were used to evaluate the separation performance of the stationary phase using CLC and pressurized CEC (pCEC). Efficiencies of 20 000 and 28 000 plates per meter for naphthalene were obtained in CLC and pCEC modes, respectively. Improvement in column efficiency and reduction in analysis time over CLC and improvement in operation facility and separation selectivity over CLC were found using pCEC mode.
2‐DE and MS analysis of key proteins in the adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum, a first step toward early selection of probiotics based on bacterial biomarkers
Authors: Izquierdo Esther , Horvatovich Peter , Marchioni Eric , Aoude‐Werner Dalal , Sanz Yolanda , Ennahar Saïd
Published: March 2009

The identification of cell components involved in probiotic activities is a challenge in current probiotic research. In this work, a new approach based on proteomics as an analytical tool for the identification of characteristic protein profiles related to adhesion to mucin as a model probiotic property was used. Three Lactobacillus plantarum strains with different adhesion rates were used for proteomic analysis: L. plantarum WHE 92 (15.9%), L. plantarum 299 v (9.1%) and L. plantarum CECT 4185 (1.4%). Cell wall extracts were subjected to proteomic analysis of differential protein expression using 2‐DE, tryptic digestion, chip‐LC‐QTOF mass analysis and protein identification using database search. Several proteins, previously reported to be involved in bacterial adhesion: elongation factor EF‐Tu, GroEL chaperonin, molecular chaperone DnaK and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase were found to be overexpressed in the cell wall proteome of the highly adhesive strain L. plantarum WHE 92. The overexpression of two spots containing GroES co‐chaperonin in the most adhesive strain also suggested the involvement of this protein in the adhesion process. The association of proteomic profiles and proteins with particular probiotic properties opens the way for the use of such profiles and proteins as bacterial biomarkers for the properties of bacteria but probably also for their potential health effects.
2‐D PAGE‐based comparison of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in sensitive and resistant mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Weinkauf Marc , Zimmermann Yvonne , Hartmann Elena , Rosenwald Andreas , Rieken Malte , Pastore Alessandro , Hutter Grit , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Dreyling Martin
Published: March 2009

Although gene expression following bortezomib treatment has been previously explored, direct effects of bortezomib‐induced proteasome inhibition on protein level has not been analyzed so far. Using 2‐D PAGE in five mantle cell lymphoma cell lines, we screened for cellular protein level alterations following treatment with 25 nM bortezomib for up to 4 h. Using MS, we identified 38 of the 41 most prominent reliably detected protein spots. Twenty‐one were affected in all cell lines, whereas the remaining 20 protein spots were exclusively altered in sensitive cell lines. Western blot analysis was performed for 17 of the 38 identified proteins and 70.6% of the observed protein level alterations in 2‐D gels was verified. All cell lines exhibited alterations of the cellular protein levels of heat shock‐induced protein species (HSPA9, HSP7C, HSPA5, HSPD1), whereas sensitive cell lines also displayed altered cellular protein levels of energy metabolism (ATP5B, AK5, TPI1, ENO‐1, ALDOC, GAPDH), RNA and transcriptional regulation (HNRPL, SFRS12) and cell division (NEBL, ACTB, SMC1A, C20orf23) as well as tumor suppressor genes (ENO‐1, FH). These proteins clustered in a tight interaction network centered on the major cellular checkpoints TP53. The results were confirmed in primary mantle cell lymphoma, thus confirming the critical role of these candidate proteins of proteasome inhibition.
Differences in protein distribution between human plasma preparations, EDTA‐plasma and heparin‐plasma, analyzed by non‐denaturing micro‐2‐DE and MALDI‐MS PMF
Authors: Jin Ya , Manabe Takashi
Published: March 2009

The effects of plasma preparation methods on the status of human plasma proteins were analyzed by non‐denaturing micro‐2‐DE followed with polypeptide assignment with MALDI‐TOF MS and PMF. In order to facilitate the separation of high‐molecular‐mass plasma proteins (up to ca. 2×103 kDa) in short separation time, agarose micro‐IEF gels were employed. The comparisons of the 2‐DE patterns between EDTA‐plasma (1.0 mg EDTA/mL blood) and heparin‐plasma (0.025 mg heparin/mL blood) revealed the differences in protein distribution around pI 5.4–6.5 and apparent molecular mass of ca. 1×103 kDa, which were mainly attributed to the presence of the complexes of complement C4b and C4b‐binding protein in heparin‐plasma and their absence in EDTA‐plasma. The distribution of several spots around pI 5.0–5.6 and apparent molecular mass 1.2–1.5×102 kDa was also found to be different; the fragments of complement C3 and C4 were detected in heparin‐plasma but not in EDTA‐plasma. The 2‐DE pattern of high‐heparin‐plasma (0.50 mg heparin/mL blood) showed pI changes of three plasma proteins, fibronectin, complement factor B, and pre‐alpha‐inhibitor when compared with that of heparin‐plasma, suggesting the interactions between heparin and the proteins. These results demonstrated that subtle changes in plasma proteins, caused by the different plasma preparation procedures, can be analyzed by non‐denaturing agarose‐IEF/micro‐2‐DE followed by MALDI‐MS and PMF.
Growth and solvent production by Clostridium pasteurianum ATCC® 6013™ utilizing biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol as the sole carbon source
Authors: Taconi Katherine A. , Venkataramanan Keerthi P. , Johnson Duane T.
Published: March 2009

The rapidly expanding market for biodiesel is dramatically altering the cost and availability of glycerol, as typical biodiesel production processes generate about 10 wt % glycerol. Biodiesel producers have little financial incentive to purify the crude glycerol, and because it contains methanol, crude glycerol is considered a hazardous waste. Therefore, it is critical that new and innovative processes for managing and utilizing the glycerol co‐product be developed. In the longer term, as supplies continue to increase, glycerol will become a versatile building block chemical for the production of high value compounds within an integrated biorefinery.

This research investigated the value‐added conversion of crude glycerol generated during biodiesel production using anaerobic fermentation. Pure cultures of Clostridium pasteurianum have been shown to produce significant amounts of butanol and 1,3‐propanediol when utilizing purified glycerol as the sole substrate. Butanol is of particular interest as a renewable biofuel, as it has a higher heating value, higher octane number, lower vapor pressure, and higher miscibility than ethanol, making butanol preferable to ethanol for blending with petroleum fuels.

Preliminary experiments compared growth and product formation of C. pasteurianum (ATCC®6013™) utilizing both purified and biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol as the sole carbon source in batch culture. Cultures utilizing crude glycerol demonstrated significant growth and production of butanol, 1,3‐PDO, and ethanol at concentrations up to 25 g/L crude glycerol. This work is significant in that it is the first report of butanol production from crude glycerol using this organism. The maximum yield of butanol produced from pure glycerol was 0.36 g/g, while the maximum butanol yield produced from crude glycerol was 0.30 g/g. These yields are substantially higher than the 0.15–0.20 g/g butanol yield typically achieved during the fermentation of glucose using C. acetobutylicum. These results indicate that biodiesel‐derived crude glycerol is a promising, low‐cost, renewable feedstock for butanol production. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon – insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls
Authors: Cook Kristen L. , Whipple Kelin X. , Heimsath Arjun M. , Hanks Thomas C.
Published: March 2009

The Colorado River system in southern Utah and northern Arizona is continuing to adjust to the baselevel fall responsible for the carving of the Grand Canyon. Estimates of bedrock incision rates in this area vary widely, hinting at the transient state of the Colorado and its tributaries. In conjunction with these data, we use longitudinal profiles of the Colorado and tributaries between Marble Canyon and Cataract Canyon to investigate the incision history of the Colorado in this region. We find that almost all of the tributaries in this region steepen as they enter the Colorado River. The consistent presence of oversteepened reaches with similar elevation drops in the lower section of these channels, and their coincidence within a corridor of high local relief along the Colorado, suggest that the tributaries are steepening in response to an episode of increased incision rate on the mainstem. This analysis makes testable predictions about spatial variations in incision rates; these predictions are consistent with existing rate estimates and can be used to guide further studies. We also present cosmogenic nuclide data from the Henry Mountains of southern Utah. We measured in situ 10Be concentrations on four gravel‐covered strath surfaces elevated from 1 m to 110 m above Trachyte Creek. The surfaces yield exposure ages that range from approximately 2·5 ka to 267 ka and suggest incision rates that vary between 350 and 600 m/my. These incision rates are similar to other rates determined within the high‐relief corridor. Available data thus support the interpretation that tributaries of the Colorado River upstream of the Grand Canyon are responding to a recent pulse of rapid incision on the Colorado. Numerical modeling of detachment‐limited bedrock incision suggests that this incision pulse is likely related to the upstream‐dipping lithologic boundary at the northern edge of the Kaibab upwarp. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term forecasting of GDP using large datasets: a pseudo real‐time forecast evaluation exercise
Authors: Rünstler G. , Barhoumi K. , Benk S. , Cristadoro R. , Den Reijer A. , Jakaitiene A. , Jelonek P. , Rua A. , Ruth K. , Van Nieuwenhuyze C.
Published: March 2009

This paper performs a large‐scale forecast evaluation exercise to assess the performance of different models for the short‐term forecasting of GDP, resorting to large datasets from ten European countries. Several versions of factor models are considered and cross‐country evidence is provided. The forecasting exercise is performed in a simulated real‐time context, which takes account of publication lags in the individual series. In general, we find that factor models perform best and models that exploit monthly information outperform models that use purely quarterly data. However, the improvement over the simpler, quarterly models remains contained. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of a novel marker, Ubc9, in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Ronen Ohad , Malone James P. , Kay Paul , Bivens Christopher , Hall Kelly , Paruchuri Lakshmi P. , Mo Yin‐Yuan , Robbins K. Thomas , Ran Sophia
Published: March 2009

Background.

Ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (Ubc9) is a novel enzyme involved in posttranslational modification of cellular proteins. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of Ubc9 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

Methods.

SCCHN specimens were stained with anti‐Ubc9 antibodies, scored using a semiquantitative method, and statistically analyzed.

Results.

Forty‐six tumors were stained, 26 of which included adjacent mucosa. Ubc9 was significantly upregulated in the malignant and peritumoral tissues compared with mucosa from normal individuals. In peritumoral tissues, Ubc9 expression was detected in the basal and suprabasal epithelial layers. No Ubc9 was detected in epithelial cells in normal mucosa. These differences in Ubc9 expression were statistically significant (p < .0001). Tumor Ubc9 expression significantly correlated with clinical and pathologic stage.

Conclusions.

Ubc9 is significantly overexpressed in the primary SCCHN tumors and peritumoral mucosa compared with normal epithelial cells. These findings suggest that Ubc9 may play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression of SCCHN. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Fluorescence in situ hybridization gene amplification analysis of EGFR and HER2 in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors treated with lapatinib
Authors: Vidal Laura , Tsao Ming S. , Pond Gregory R. , Cohen Ezra E. W. , Cohen Roger B. , Chen Eric X. , Agulnik Mark , Hotte Sebastien , Winquist Eric , Laurie Scott , Neil Hayes D. , Ho James , Dancey Janet , Siu Lillian L.
Published: March 2009

Background.

Gene amplification status of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were analyzed and correlated with clinical outcome in patients with progressive malignant salivary glands tumors (MSGT) treated with the dual EGFR/Her2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib.

Methods.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for both EGFR and HER2 gene amplification was performed successfully in the archival tumor specimens of 20 patients with adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 17 patients with non‐ACC, all treated with lapatinib.

Results.

For ACC, no EGFR or HER2 amplifications were detected. For non‐ACC, no EGFR gene amplifications were detected but 3 patients (18%) were HER2 amplified and all had stained 3+ for both EGFR and HER2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in their archival specimens. Two of these patients had time‐to‐progression (TTP) durations of 8.3 months and 18.4 months, respectively. Interestingly, patients with low and high HER2/chromosome‐specific centromeric enumeration probe (CEP) 17 ratio had a prolonged TTP than those with moderate ratios for both ACC and non‐AAC subtypes.

Conclusions.

HER2 to CEP17 FISH ratio may predict which patients with MSGT have an increased likelihood to benefit from lapatinib. The finding of HER2:CEP17 ratio as a predictive marker of efficacy to lapatinib warrants further investigation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Polarized diffuse reflectance measurements on cancerous and noncancerous tissues
Authors: Manhas Sandeep , Swami Mahesh K. , Patel Hari S. , Uppal Abha , Ghosh Nirmalya , Gupta Pradeep K.
Published: March 2009

We report the measurement of polarization parameters (linear retardance, diattenuation and depolarization) of normal and malignant tissue from human oral cavity and breast over the spectral range 390 nm to 550 nm. These parameters were determined using the 3 × 3 Mueller matrix, the elements of which could be determined using linear polarization measurements only. The significant differences observed in the polarization parameters of the normal and malignant tissues appear to arise because of the changes in the collagen matrix in the two tissue types. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Location, location, (ChIP‐)location! Mapping chromatin landscapes one immunoprecipitation at a time
Authors: Berman Benjamin P. , Frenkel Baruch , Coetzee Gerhard A.
Published: March 2009

A small fraction of the typical animal genome (<5% in humans) codes for the organism's collection of proteins, yet the study of protein coding sequences dominated the early years of genomics research. In the decade since the sequencing of complete eukaryotic genomes, however, genomic techniques have shed a great deal of light on the non‐coding DNA making up the remainder. A single molecular technique, Chromatin Immuno‐Precipitation (ChIP) location analysis, has had a profound impact and has made possible the study of an incredible range of biology. This issue of The Journal of Cellular Biochemistry aims to put into context advancements made possible by the ChIP‐location revolution, while at the same time highlighting some of the most important technical aspects and challenges along with some of the work yet to come. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 1–5, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional p53 in cells contributes to the anticancer effect of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine
Authors: Paprskářová Martina , Kryštof Vladimír , Jorda Radek , Džubák Petr , Hajdúch Marián , Węsierska‐Gądek Józefa , Strnad Miroslav
Published: March 2009

Inhibitors of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) undergoing clinical trials as anticancer agents usually target several CDKs in cells. Some of them are also able to increase cellular levels of p53 protein and to activate p53‐regulated transcription. To define the role of p53 in the anticancer effect of selective CDK inhibitors, two related compounds roscovitine and olomoucine II were studied. Roscovitine differs functionally from its congener olomoucine II only in the selectivity towards transcriptional CDK9. Action of both compounds on proliferation, cell‐cycle progression, and apoptosis was examined in RPMI‐8226 cells expressing the temperature‐sensitive mutant of p53 and in MCF‐7 cells with wild‐type p53. Both compounds blocked proliferation, decreased phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II, downregulated antiapoptotic protein Mcl‐1 in both cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner, and also activated p53 in MCF‐7 cells. Moreover, we showed that the anticancer efficiency of CDK inhibitors was enhanced by active p53 in RPMI‐8226 cells kept at permissive temperature, where downregulation of Mcl‐1, fragmentation of PARP‐1, and increased caspase‐3 activity was detected with lower doses of the compounds. The results confirm that functional p53 protein may enhance the anticancer activity of roscovitine that could be beneficial for anticancer therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 428–437, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Should transition zone biopsies be added to 12‐core systematic biopsies of the prostate?
Authors: Hwang Sung Il , Lee Hak Jong , Cho Jeong Yeon , Kim Seung Hyup , Lee Sang Eun , Byun Seok‐Soo , Hong Sung Kyu , Choe Ghee Young
Published: March 2009

Purpose

To investigate the value of additional transition zone (TZ) biopsies following 12‐core biopsies in the detection and staging of prostate cancer.

Methods

From October 2006 to March 2007, 199 transrectal sonographic (TRUS)‐guided prostate biopsies (group 1) in 12 peripheral zones (PZ) were performed. Another 199 consecutive patients (group 2) underwent two TZ biopsies in addition to twelve PZ biopsies from March 2007 to July 2007. Mean prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, Gleason score, and cancer detection rate of each group were compared. The anatomic distribution of prostate cancer in group 2 was also analyzed.

Results

Prostate cancer was detected in 76 of 199 patients (38.2%) in group 1 and 71 out of 199 patients (35.3%) in group 2. The cancer detection rate, mean PSA level, prostate volume, and Gleason score were not statistically different in the 2 groups. Cancer was detected by additional TZ biopsies alone in just one out of 71 patients (1.4%).

Conclusion

Routine TZ biopsies following 12‐core systematic biopsies are not warranted for the detection of TZ cancer because of their low additional yield. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Multipartite Ramsey numbers for odd cycles
Authors: Gyárfás András , Sárközy Gábor N. , Schelp Richard H.
Published: March 2009

In this paper we study multipartite Ramsey numbers for odd cycles. We formulate the following conjecture: Let n≥5 be an arbitrary positive odd integer; then, in any two‐coloring of the edges of the complete 5‐partite graph K((n−1)/2, (n−1)/2, (n−1)/2, (n−1)/2, 1) there is a monochromatic Cn, a cycle of length n. This roughly says that the Ramsey number for Cn (i.e. 2n−1 ) will not change (somewhat surprisingly) if four large “holes” are allowed. Note that this would be best possible as the statement is not true if we delete from K2n−1 the edges within a set of size (n+ 1)/2. We prove an approximate version of the above conjecture. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 61:12‐21, 2009
Fair reception and Vizing's conjecture
Authors: Brešar Boštjan , Rall Douglas F.
Published: March 2009

In this paper we introduce the concept of fair reception of a graph which is related to its domination number. We prove that all graphs G with a fair reception of size γ(G) satisfy Vizing's conjecture on the domination number of Cartesian product graphs, by which we extend the well‐known result of Barcalkin and German concerning decomposable graphs. Combining our concept with a result of Aharoni, Berger and Ziv, we obtain an alternative proof of the theorem of Aharoni and Szabó that chordal graphs satisfy Vizing's conjecture. A new infinite family of graphs that satisfy Vizing's conjecture is also presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 61: 45‐54, 2009
Synthesis of substituted N‐[4(5‐methyl/phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐3,6‐dihydropyridin‐1(2H)‐yl]benzamide/benzene sulfonamides as anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer agents
Authors: Gangapuram Madhavi , Redda Kinfe K.
Published: March 2009

magnified image

Fourteen novel substituted N‐[4(5‐methyl/phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐3,6‐dihydropyridin‐1(2H)‐yl] benzamide/benzene sulfonamides (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 11g, 11h, 11i, 11j, 11k, 11l, 11m, 11n) were synthesized in fair to good yields via sodium borohydride reduction of the corresponding substituted N‐(benzoylimino)‐4‐(5‐methyl/5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2yl) pyridinium ylide 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f, 10g, 10h, 10i, 10j, 10k, 10m, 10n in absolute ethanol. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009)
Interpreting variability in global SST data using independent component analysis and principal component analysis
Authors: Westra Seth , Brown Casey , Lall Upmanu , Koch Inge , Sharma Ashish
Published: March 2009

Component extraction techniques are used widely in the analysis and interpretation of high‐dimensional climate datasets such as global sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Principal component analysis (PCA), a frequently used component extraction technique, provides an orthogonal representation of the multivariate dataset and maximizes the variance explained by successive components. A disadvantage of PCA, however, is that the interpretability of the second and higher components may be limited. For this reason, a Varimax rotation is often applied to the PCA solution to enhance the interpretability of the components by maximizing a simple structure. An alternative rotational approach is known as independent component analysis (ICA), which finds a set of underlying ‘source signals’ which drive the multivariate ‘mixed’ dataset.

Here we compare the capacity of PCA, the Varimax rotation and ICA in explaining climate variability present in globally distributed SST anomaly (SSTA) data. We find that phenomena which are global in extent, such as the global warming trend and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are well represented using PCA. In contrast, the Varimax rotation provides distinct advantages in interpreting more localized phenomena such as variability in the tropical Atlantic. Finally, our analysis suggests that the interpretability of independent components (ICs) appears to be low. This does not diminish the statistical advantages of deriving components that are mutually independent, with potential applications ranging from synthetically generating multivariate datasets, developing statistical forecasts, and reconstructing spatial datasets from patchy observations at multiple point locations. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Laser precision engineering: from microfabrication to nanoprocessing
Authors: Chong T.C. , Hong M.H. , Shi L.P.
Published: March 2009

Laser precision engineering is being extensively applied in industries for device microfabrication due to its unique advantages of being a dry and noncontact process, coupled with the availability of reliable light sources and affordable system cost. To further reduce the feature size to the nanometer scale, the optical diffraction limit has to be overcome. With the combination of advanced processing tools such as SPM, NSOM, transparent and metallic particles, feature sizes as small as 20 nm have been achieved by near‐field laser irradiation, which has extended the application scope of laser precision engineering significantly. Meanwhile, parallel laser processing has been actively pursued to realize large‐area and high‐throughput nanofabrication by the use of microlens arrays (MLA). Laser thermal lithography using a DVD optical storage process has also been developed to achieve low‐cost and high‐speed nanofabrication. Laser interference lithography, another large area nanofabrication technique, is also capable of fabricating sub‐100 nm periodic structures. To further reduce the feature size to the atomic scale, atomic lithography using laser cooling to localize atoms is being developed, bringing laser‐processing technology to a new era of atomic engineering.
Transverse optical patterns for ultra‐low‐light‐level all‐optical switching
Authors: Dawes A.M.C. , Gauthier D.J. , Schumacher S. , Kwong N.H. , Binder R. , Smirl A.L.
Published: March 2009

We review recent theoretical and experimental efforts toward developing an all‐optical switch based on transverse optical patterns. Transverse optical patterns are formed when counterpropagating laser beams interact with a nonlinear medium. A perturbation, in the form of a weak switch beam injected into the nonlinear medium, controls the orientation of the generated patterns. Each state of the pattern orientation is associated with a state of the switch. That is, information is stored in the orientation state. A realization of this switch using a warm rubidium vapor shows that it can be actuated by as few as 600 ± 40 photons with a response time of 5 µs. Models of nonlinear optical interactions in semiconductor quantum wells and microresonators suggest these systems are also suitable for use as fast all‐optical switches using this same conceptual design, albeit at higher switching powers.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 7/2009
Authors: Tian Entao , Cui Liying , Wang Jingxia , Song Yanlin , Jiang Lei
Published: March 2009

Back Cover: A general approach to enhance the mechanical performance and solvent resistance of photonic crystals (PCs) is demonstrated by the photo‐crosslinking of latex spheres by photopolymerization of acrylamide (AAm), which is of great importance for the practical application of PCs. Further details can be found in the article by E. Tian, L. Cui, J. Wang,* Y. Song,* and L. Jiang on page 509.
Modelling properties of micro‐ and nanocomposites with brush‐like reinforcement
Authors: Guz I.A. , Guz A.N. , Rushchitsky J.J.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a new four‐component model for predicting the mechanical properties of micro‐ and nanocomposites reinforced either by whiskerizing the microfibres or by bristlizing the nanowires. The model is a generalization of the existing three‐component model. Instead of the thin shell model for the fibre coating, two different components are distinguished: the solid coating surrounding the fibre and the bristled coating surrounding the solid coating. The mathematical formulation of the model is based on using the Muskhelishvili complex potentials for each domain occupied by a separate component. The effective elastic constants are computed for fibrous composites with four different densities of wiskerisation. It is shown that the increase in the number of bristles per unit surface of the fibres gives a very strong rise to the value of Young’s modulus. However, the shear modulus, being the driving parameter for the strength estimation of the entire composition, is less sensitive to this factor.
Finite element modelling of compressive mechanical behaviour of high and low density polymeric foams
Authors: Alvarez P. , Mendizabal A. , Petite M.M. , Rodríguez‐Pérez M.A. , Echeverria A.
Published: March 2009

In this work, different methodologies were studied by means of finite element modelling (FEM) with the aim of predicting the mechanical behaviour of high and low relative density (ρr) polymeric foams. Virtual structures which resemble the real ones were created by various computer‐based tools. These tools were employed to make up both “unit cells” and random structural units so‐called “Representative Volume Elements” (RVE). Low ρr foams are usually modelled as regular (tetrakaidecahedron) and irregular (Voronoi tessellations) 3D structures made of structural elements (beams and shells). These types of finite elements are only applicable if the ratio between longitudinal and axial dimensions exceeds a certain value and therefore, there is a practical relative density limit above which these elements are not suitable. Alternatively, virtual low ρr foams were created by means of cellular automata which allow a close control of bubble growth and final cell character and do not show the previous limitation. Additionally, virtual high ρr structures (ρr > 0.5) consisting of isolated bubbles or cells were created by random incorporation of cell sets whose size distributions adjust to experimentally measured ones. A random sequential adsorption algorithm (RSA) which accurately controls final thickness of ligaments between cells was programmed for this purpose. FEM results of this kind of virtual foams are compared with experimentally tested mechanical properties. Moreover, impact of structural parameters (mean cell size) on elastic modulus and compressive collapse stress is critically assessed.
Hollow sphere structures: a study of mechanical behaviour using numerical simulation
Authors: Oliveira B. F. , da Cunda L. A. B. , Öchsner A. , Creus G. J.
Published: March 2009

One way to obtain a cellular metal with a uniform microstructure is to employ hollow metallic spheres welded or bonded. Such materials are known as MHSS (Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures). Cellular metals can be applied as crash absorbers that act in compression and can be severely deformed. Thus, finite deformations and damage must be considered in the numerical simulation. In this work, the numerical simulation via finite elements is employed to study the mechanical behaviour of MHSS. The study employs the concept of RVE (Representative Volume Elements) where a cell is used to represent the whole material behaviour. Numerical results are compared with experimental data.
A study on the fatigue behaviour of electro‐plated NiCo thin film for probe tip applications
Authors: Park J.‐H. , Chun Y.‐B. , Kim Y.‐J. , Huh Y.‐H. , Lee H.‐J.
Published: March 2009

In this study, fatigue tests were performed for NiCo alloy which is commonly used in probe tips of test machines of semiconductors. The smooth specimens were fabricated by MEMS process including electro‐plating process on a single‐side polished 6 inches (100) silicon wafer. The NiCo thin film consists of about 66.2 % Ni and 33.8 % Co. The specimen is 2000 μm long, 9 μm thick and 100 μm wide. The tests were performed using a novel test procedure, a structure of the specimen is easy to manipulate, align and grip a thin‐film and a test machine proposed by the authors. The closed‐loop feedback control of the magnetic‐electric actuator allowed load‐controlled and high cycle fatigue tests with 5 Hz frequency, in ambient environment and with a stress ratio of R = 0.1. The fatigue strength coefficient and exponent were 1324 MPa and ‐0.0558, respectively. In a fatigue test of thin film, it is difficult to perform the fatigue test at R = ‐1. However, the result of the fatigue test at R = ‐1 should be required when fatigue life prediction is performed under variable loading. Therefore, in this study, the modified Goodman method, Gerber method and Soderberg method were considered to investigate which method is most reasonable when mean stress is considered.
Experimental characterization of composite and smart patching repaired edge cracked plate in charpy impact
Authors: Khalili S. M. R. , Nooramin A. S. , Shiravi M.
Published: March 2009

In this study, edge‐cracked steel plates repaired on two‐sides with composite as well as smart composite patches were investigated experimentally for their response to Charpy impact test. Woven glass and Kevlar fibres were used for composite patches. Each patch was made by two layers. The crack length was kept constant for all the specimens. The types of patches were selected according to different combination of glass and/or Kevlar fibres for maximum energy absorption. Kevlar fibre composite patches showed better energy absorption. This configuration was then reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. For fabrication of smart patches, nickel‐titanium (Ni‐Ti) wires were embedded in the Kevlar fibre composites. The SMA wires in the patches were used in 3 different temperatures or pre‐stress states. The patch of Kevlar fibre reinforced by Ni‐Ti wires treated by combination of pre‐load and temperature states showed better results than all other smart patches in Charpy impact test.
Residual stress analysis of an autofrettaged compound cylinder under machining process
Authors: Lee E.‐Y. , Lee Y.‐S. , Kim J.‐H. , Cha K.‐U. , Hong S.‐K.
Published: March 2009

The autofrettage process is used to manufacture pressure vessels and cylinders that can withstand high internal pressure. A multi‐layered cylinder was assembled by a shrink fit. Autofrettaged compound cylinder can resist higher internal pressure than a thick cylinder having the same dimension and extend its life time. Inner and outer surfaces of the autofrettaged compound cylinder have to be manufactured into exact dimensions. The distribution of residual stress can change after the machining process. The machining procedure of inner and outer surfaces also affects the distribution of residual stress as a function of the machining procedure. In this study, the distribution of residual stresses of an autofrettaged compound cylinder as machining procedure was investigated using analytical and numerical analyses.
Optimization of Artificial Hip Joint Parameters
Authors: Darwish S.M. , Al‐Samhan A.M.
Published: March 2009

The hip is a ball and socket joint designed to bear the body mass as well as for facilitating the movement in many directions. Hip replacement is an operation to replace a natural hip joint with an artificial one. The aim of the present work is to conduct a parametric study that comprises the parameters affecting the strength of hip‐joint cement fixation (offset distance and ball diameter), in order to come‐up with the best combination for maximum strength. The results lead to recommending offset distance (3–6 mm) and ball sizes (34 and 50 mm) for maximum cement strength.
Targeted disruption of Bcl‐xL in mouse keratinocytes inhibits both UVB‐ and chemically induced skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Kim Dae Joon , Kataoka Ken , Sano Shigetoshi , Connolly Kevin , Kiguchi Kaoru , DiGiovanni John
Published: March 2009

Bcl‐xL is one of several antiapoptotic proteins regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). We have recently shown that Stat3 is required for chemically induced and ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced skin carcinogenesis. In this study, the functional role of Bcl‐xL in skin carcinogenesis was investigated using skin‐specific Bcl‐xL‐deficient mice. In this model, Bcl‐xL expression is disrupted in the basal compartment of mouse epidermis using the bovine keratin 5 (K5) promoter to drive expression of Cre recombinase (K5.Cre × Bcl‐x mice). A significant increase in apoptosis induced by either UVB irradiation or 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) treatment was observed in the epidermis of Bcl‐xL‐deficient mice. Furthermore, an increase in apoptotic cells was noted in hair follicle keratinocytes, including those located in the bulge region. Cell proliferation was not affected by Bcl‐xL deficiency following exposure to either UVB or 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA). Bcl‐xL‐deficient mice were more resistant than wild‐type controls to skin tumor development with delayed onset and reduced number of tumors using either UVB or the DMBA/TPA two‐stage regimen. Moreover, Bcl‐2, Mcl‐1, and survivin protein levels were increased in the epidermis of Bcl‐xL‐deficient mice in the absence of stimuli. Furthermore, levels of these antiapoptotic proteins were also high in skin tumors from Bcl‐xL‐deficient mice that developed in response to either UVB or two‐stage carcinogenesis protocols. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that Bcl‐xL plays a role early in skin carcinogenesis through its anti‐apoptotic functions to enhance survival of keratinocytes, including bulge region keratinocyte stem cells, following DNA damage. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.