bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
М. Қашқари – түрк әлемінің тұңғыш ғылыми энциклопедиясын түзуші
Authors: Салқынбай А.Б.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents an analysis of the scientific importance of the work “Diwani lugat it-turk”, or “Lugat”, by M. Kashgari, the author of the first scientific encyclopedia and father of Turkic languages’ comparative grammar. The scientific idea that studying M. Kashgari’s legacy is important not only for the history of the Turkic world, but also for the future prosperity and unity of Turkic nations. The article also thoroughly investigates M. Kashgari’s ideas and theories that pioneered in Turkic society throughout history. M. Kashgari’s opinions in “Lugat” about Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Oguz, Tokhsi, Yaghma, Chigil, Oghrak, Zharuq tribes speaking in only Turkic languages, the belonging of Iyamak and Bashkurt languages to Turkic, and the notion that ends of words in Bulgarian, Suar, and Bazhanak languages spoken in the land of Rum are a type of shortened Turkish are also given a scientific evaluation. The article reveals that the Medieval scientist’s ideas still hold true for the evolution of modern languages in the Turkic language family, such as the rarity of changes in words’ roots, and the cases of these changes happening usually presenting themselves as some sounds’ changing in pronunciation or being removed from usage. It is also identified that M. Kashgari’s analyses about the vastness of meaning in Turkic root words and the features of their individual changes are based upon the switching sounds.
Shifting the Centre
Authors: Robakiewicz Zoe
Published: December 2024

In this article, I aim to illustrate the process of transforming Greenlandic society from one centered around a subsistence economy to one integrated into the external Danish market, drawing particularly on Karl Polanyi’s characterization of market patterns. My focus will be on the means by which the colonial administration acquired a socio-economic dominant position in Greenland, the colonial reforms implemented during the nineteenth century, and the establishment of forstanderskaberne, local councils of representatives, as a pivotal milestone in the transformation of the Indigenous society.
Portuguese Africa through Danish Eyes and Ears
Authors: Alexandre Alex
Published: December 2024

This article examines Danmarks Radio’s portrayal of the Portuguese colonial state, specifically during the Portuguese colonial war. From the collected archive material, it has been possible to identify three main phases of the reporting. The first phase, from 1961, was uncritical of the conflicts that were erupting the in Portuguese African colonies. From the mid-1960’s a second phase started to emerge, where analysis and criticism in the reports appeared. By 1970, the coverage of the different wars evolved into a third phase, which was committed anti-colonial.
Optimization of favipiravir microsponges for pulmonary drug delivery
Authors: Kothamasi Priyarini , Bandari Vaishnavi , Babasaheb Khairnar Soham , Naredla Bhashpitha , Shaik Naseeb Basha , Domaraju Prasanthi
Published: December 2024

Microsponges are drug delivery systems that improve drug stability and slow the release rate. Favipiravir (antiviral) microsponges are prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method using ethyl cellulose and PVA. Optimization was done by using the Box-Behnken design. Favipiravir microsponges were evaluated for physicochemical parameters, nebulization time (11.6–17.28 minutes), aerosol mass output (0.912%–4.337%), aerosol output rate (0.0082–-0.0187 mg/minute), and respirable fraction (0.535%–2.423%). Based on these criteria of maximum percentage yield, maximum entrapment efficiency, and minimum drug release for 8 hours, the solution with desirability of 0.900 was given. The optimized favipiravir microsponge formulation (PMS) was prepared with the composition of ethyl cellulose (372 mg), PVA (248 mg), and speed (1222 RPM) and evaluated, showed percentage yield of (87.16% ± 0.020%), entrapment efficiency (95.14% ± 0.16%), assay (94.69% ± 0.23%) in-vitro drug release within 8 hours (44.043% ± 0.18%). DSC and XRD studies confirmed the amorphous form of the drug and its compatibility with the excipients used. Thermogravimetric analysis studies showed weight loss in the region of 300°C– 400°C, which indicates degradation and differential thermal analysis effects were observed at 650°C–670°C corresponding to recrystallization of dehydrated material. Thermal analysis and stability studies indicate microsponges are stable even at higher temperatures. The Zeta potential of the optimized formulation (+1.04 mv) indicates stability. SEM of the optimized formulation showed a smooth surface and swelling of the microsponges under the twin-stage impinger stage 1 and stage 2. Favipiravir microsponges of particle size 4.394 ± 0.35 μm, with good flow properties and % EE can be targeted to the lungs.
Reference materials for DNA-based diagnostics testing; principles, comparative analysis, contemporary applications, and future recommendation in Indonesia
Authors: Meilani Nanda Diva , Malau Jekmal , Hermosaningtyas Anastasia Aliesa , Zahra Aliya Azkia , Kasasiah Ahsanal , Rahmasari Ratika , Lestari Agatha Nabilla , Raekiansyah Muhareva
Published: December 2024

Diagnostic testing is crucial in modern healthcare, providing essential health information and influencing clinical decisions and patient outcomes. Ensuring the validity and quality of these tests is vital, with stringent quality control and assurance procedures enforced by regulatory bodies and healthcare facilities. Reference materials (RMs) are essential for the accuracy and reliability of DNA-based diagnostic tests, serving as benchmarks for error detection, test validity, and consistency. This study reviews the necessity of effective control substances for precise diagnostic testing through a narrative literature review of synthetic DNA sequences, recombinant plasmids, genomic DNA, and cell lines as RMs, sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar over the last decade. Each RM type has specific advantages and disadvantages impacting diagnostic performance: gBlocks are highly specific but lack genomic complexity; recombinant plasmids offer flexibility but face stability and contamination issues; genomic DNA provides comprehensive diagnostic information but is complex and costly; cell lines simulate in vivo conditions well but are prone to genetic drift and contamination. The review emphasizes the critical role of RMs in DNA-based diagnostics and highlights challenges faced by Indonesian laboratories, recommending national coordination and international collaboration to enhance RMs’ availability, thereby improving patient outcomes and aligning with global standards.
CREATING VISUAL IDENTITY IN FILM FESTIVAL DESIGNS
Authors: Karaalioglu Sevim
Published: December 2024

Throughout history, people have come together to organize various celebrations and festivals. Festivals are events that carry a universal significance, fostering a sense of unity and shared emotions. In particular, film festivals, whose importance has grown significantly in recent times, serve as a reflection of cultural values, societal lifestyles, emotions, and ideas. These events, characterized by rich content and diversity, and with artistic expression at the forefront, highlight the significance of the work done in the field. In this context, a strong and effective visual identity is essential in the creation of the festival’s identity. Cultural codes, symbols, visuals, color, typography, form, and shape play a critical role in constructing the festival’s character. This study, employing qualitative research methods, examines the corporate identity designs of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival and the 43rd Istanbul Film Festival, emphasizing the importance of creating a visual identity for film festivals. These analyses are conducted through a semiotic approach. A literature review was also conducted, and the selected film festival designs were descriptively analyzed in terms of design elements such as color, typography, visual impact, coherence, and form-content harmony. The aim of this study is to identify the descriptive challenges faced in the visual identity creation process and propose solutions to address these issues. Given the limited number of academic studies in the field, this research is expected to contribute to the existing literature.
DATING APP USER EXPERIENCES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Kurt Sena , Eken İhsan
Published: December 2024

An increasing number of dating apps are available on mobile platforms and are based on the matching of various user profiles with multiple user profiles. This article takes a phenomenological perspective to understand dating app user experiences. The research aims to explore in-depth the experiences of users on such apps. The study uses a phenomenological research design from qualitative research methods to understand users' emotions, thoughts, and experiences while using dating apps. The data collected through in-depth interviews with participants were analyzed to understand their experiences and identify common themes. Through this study, the study attempts to make sense of how these experiences affect users' daily lives and relationship-building processes by addressing issues such as the challenges, satisfaction, expectations, and relationship-building processes that users face when using dating apps. This analysis offers subjective insights into the design and user experiences of dating apps. Two dominant themes emerge from the analysis of participant opinions. Application hardware and user satisfaction are these. Post-match control, incorrectly functioning algorithms, and user verification are the three subheadings under application hardware. Conversely, subheadings related to user satisfaction include matches, community pressure, and ecosystem differences.
ÜSTBİLİŞSEL OKUMA STRATEJİLERİ ÖĞRETİMİNİN ÖĞRENME GÜÇLÜĞÜ ÇEKEN 4.SINIF ÖĞRENCİSİNİN OKUMA BECERİSİNE ETKİSİ: BİR DURUM ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Balcı Emine , Bilgiç Nurşah
Published: December 2024

Okuduğunu anlama problemleri ve okuma becerisindeki aksaklıklar öğrenme güçlüğü çeken öğrencilerin sıklıkla karşılaştığı sorunlardan biridir. Bu güçlüklerin üstesinden gelmek için literatürde pek çok yeni yaklaşımdan bahsedilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımlardan biri de üstbilişsel okuma stratejileridir. Üstbilişsel okuma stratejisi; öğrencilerin okuma süreçlerini takip etmek, okuduğunu anlamak, kendi kendine öğrenmek ve bildiklerini denetlemek açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, üstbilişsel okuma stratejilerinin öğrenme güçlüğü tanısı olan 4. sınıf öğrencisinin okuma becerilerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırma Alanya’da bir devlet okulunda öğrenim gören ve öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan dördüncü sınıfa devam eden bir öğrenciyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma boyunca belirlenen bu öğrenciye, üstbilişsel okuduğunu anlama stratejilerinden “TWA (3D) Strateji Yöntemi” ve “KWL (BBÖ) Stratejisi” uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum araştırması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Yurdakal ve Susar (2018) tarafından geliştirilen okuduğunu anlama ölçeği, Akyol (2005) tarafından Ekwall ve Shanker’den uyarlanan Okuma Envanteri, Keskin, Baştuğ ve Akyol (2013) tarafından geliştirilen prozodik okuma ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda üstbilişsel okuma stratejilerinin, katılımcı öğrencinin okuduğunu anlama düzeylerini ve okuma becerilerini artırmada etkili olduğu saptanmıştır.
HÜSEYİN RAHMİ GÜRPINAR’IN ROMANLARINDA NIETZSCHE’NİN AHLAK ALGISI
Authors: Dumlu Ogeday , Topçu Hayrunisa
Published: December 2024

Nietzsche, Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar’ın etkilendiği filozofların başında gelir. Nietzsche’nin özellikle ahlak algısıyla bağlantılı birçok görüşe ve kavrama Gürpınar’ın romanlarında rastlamak mümkündür. Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar’ın Romanlarında Nietzsche’nin Ahlak Algısı isimli bu çalışmada, yazarın, Ben Deli miyim? (1925), Kokotlar Mektebi (1929) ve Dünyanın Mihveri Kadın mı, Para mı? (1949) isimli romanları Nietzsche’nin ahlak anlayışının temellerini oluşturan sürü ahlakı, güç istenci ve özgür insan kavramları etrafında incelenmiştir. İnceleme yapılırken romanlarda filozofun adının hangi bağlamda geçtiği, onun eserlerinden yapılan doğrudan alıntılar ve sözü edilen kavramların kahramanların eylem ve düşüncelerine nasıl yansıdığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak Gürpınar’ın düzyazılarında yer alan Nietzsche konusundaki görüşlerine de yer verilmiştir.
TÜRKÇEYİ YABANCI DİL OLARAK ÖĞRETEN ÖĞRETİM GÖREVLİLERİNİN ETKİNLİK TEMELLİ YAKLAŞIMA YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: Suroğlu Sofu Merve , Demirkol Rabia
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkçeyi yabancı / ikinci dil olarak öğreten öğretim görevlilerinin etkinlik temelli yaklaşıma ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 10 öğretim görevlisinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde olgubilim deseniyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, öğretim görevlileri etkinlik temelli yaklaşımın öğrencilerin katılımını artırdığını, iletişim becerilerini geliştirdiğini ve bilgilerin kalıcılığını sağladığını ifade etmiştir. Ayrıca bu yöntemle geleneksel eğitim kalıpları yerine öğrencilerin öğrenme sürecine aktif katılımını teşvik ettiğini belirtmiştir. Etkinlik temelli yaklaşımın Türkçe öğrenmeye karşı tutumlarına etkisi ile ilgili olarak öğrencilerin özgüvenlerini geliştirdiğini, derslere daha istekli gelmeye başladıklarını, adapte olma sürelerinin kısaldığını, kaygılarını azalttığını, cesaretlendirdiğini ve öğrenme isteğini pekiştirdiğini belirtmişlerdir. Çalışma, dil eğitiminde etkinlik temelli ve öğrenci odaklı stratejilerin önemine vurgu yaparak öğrenci merkezli görevlerin sayısının artırılmasını önermektedir.
TEZHİP SANATINDAKİ SEKİZ KÖŞELİ ŞEMSE MOTİFİNİN TARİHSEL SÜRECİ VE GÜNÜMÜZ KULLANIM ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: Aslan Elkıran Gülşen , Bilginer Süheyla
Published: December 2024

Tezhip sanatı, Kur’an-ı Kerim’i tezyinlemek amacıyla yapılan altınla süsleme sanatıdır. Uygurlardan günümüze kadar gelişerek varlığını devam ettirmiş olup zaman içerisinde farklı üsluplar göstermiştir. Örneğin Selçuklular döneminde sık olarak geometrik motif kullanılmıştır. Selçuklu sekiz kollu yıldızı, şemse motifinin bütünüyle kompozisyon oluşturarak tezyinatta kullanılan geometrik bir motiftir. Çoğunlukla Selçuklu döneminde kullanılmasının yanı sıra pek çok alanda günümüzde dahi varlığını sürdüren bu motif, Türk mitolojisinde de önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmada sekizgen formundaki çeşitli tezhip örnekleri görsellerle tanıtılmıştır. Motifin tezyini ve mitolojik birleşimindeki önemini anlatmak araştırmanın amacını oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini tezhip sanatında mitsel sekizgen şemse formlar oluştururken günümüze yansıyan sekiz kollu yıldız örnekleriyle sınırlılığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın; tezhip sanatında kullanılan şemse formlu sekizgenlerin kullanımıyla birlikte sekiz kollu yıldızların mitolojik bağını açıklaması, günümüzdeki önemli yansımalarını aktarması yönünden de araştırmacılara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda araştırma kapsamındaki motiflerin tarihsel süreci ve günümüz kullanımlarındaki örnekleri de önem arz etmektedir
THE TRICKSTER FIGURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IDENTITY IN THOMSON HIGHWAY’S KISS OF THE FUR QUEEN
Authors: Kincal Fulya
Published: December 2024

This research examines the character of the Fur Queen as an archetypal trickster figure in Tomson Highway's Kiss of the Fur Queen from the perspectives of ecofeminism and postcolonialism. This study explains the concept of identity conflict by integrating the insights of Spivak's postcolonial theory with the conceptual framework of ecofeminism articulated by Shiva. In the novel, Highway creates the Fur Queen as a female trickster, symbolizing wisdom and healing, directly subverting the engrained suppressive norms set by the dominant colonial powers. In postcolonial societies, the trickster figure is widely lauded for her capacity to effect change and challenge the societal norms imposed by colonial forces. This research contributes to the recovery of ancient female symbols by describing the trickster figure as a symbol of environmental identity, which can transform social identity and play a more significant role in one's sense of self and worldview as a person in nature.
MUÎNÜ’L MÜRİD’DE YER ALAN MENTAL FİİLLER
Authors: Aşcı Menşure
Published: December 2024

Fiiller bir varlığın veya kavramın somut ya da soyut herhangi bir hareketini, oluşunu, durumunu ve kılışını anlatan kelime türleridir. Cümlede söz dizimsel ve anlamsal yapıları kurup geliştiren sözlük birimler olarak da işlevleri vardır. Fiiller bağlamdan hareketle farklı anlamlara ve işlevlere sahip olurlar. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı incelemeye tabi tutulduklarında farklı gruplara ayrılarak incelenirler.
Mental fiiller (mental verbs), zihin yoluyla meydana gelen durum ve olayları anlatan, herhangi bir hareketi karşılamayan, bazen isteğe bağlı olarak bazen de istem dışı gerçekleşen, mental durum ve süreci, duyguyu, bir davranışı, arzu ve isteği ve algıyı ifade eden çok yönlü anlam genişliğine sahip fiillerdir.
Bu çalışmada, 14’üncü yüzyılda tarihî Harezm Türkçesi yazılmış Mu’înü’l-Mürîd adlı manzum didaktik eserde kullanılan mental fiiller incelenmiştir. Tespit edilen mental fiiller dört ana gruba ayrılmış (duyu, duygu, idrak, açıklama); her grup da kendi içinde alt gruplara bölünmüştür. Dört ana başlığın dışında oluşan alt başlıklar, eserin bağlamına göre şekillendirilmiştir.
A Socio-economic Analysis on Shrimp Culture (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Shireesha Chowdula , Prabakar C.
Published: December 2024

Shrimp is a major exportable commodity, with high demand and prices on the international market. Andhra Pradesh is one of India's maritime states, with 974 kilometres of coastline. The state is the leading producer and exporter of farmed shrimp. Although shrimp farming has been practiced for many decades, a number of challenges that need to be addressed in order to improve the overall efficiency of the shrimp industry. In light of this, the present study was carried out to analyse the socio-economic status of shrimp farming in the East and West Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh. The data subjected to economic analysis revealed that the profitability of the venture in the study area. The estimates of Cobb-Douglas production function analysis showed that, stocking density, feed, probiotics and feed supplements, labour, and season dummy has significant influence on the shrimp yield. The estimates of resource use efficiency revealed the under-utilization of inputs, highlighting the need for optimising the use of resources to increase profitability. The returns to scale in shrimp culture of 1.04 indicates increasing returns to scale in production.
Application of SEM and XRD in the Microstructure Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Corroded by Salt Solution
Authors: Kang Wei Liang
Published: December 2024

In order to study the damage law of salt solution erosion on the microstructure of concrete, the dry wet alternation method was used to conduct salt solution corrosion tests on the samples. The corrosion characteristics and mechanisms were analyzed from macroscopic experiments such as corrosion results, relative dynamic elastic modulus, and mass loss rate; Then, SEM and XRD were used to further demonstrate and explain the corrosion mechanism from a microscopic perspective. The conclusion drawn from the analysis: The observation and analysis of the erosion products and SEM and XRD microscopic characteristics of fiber-reinforced concrete indicate that in the initial state without erosion, the sample contains original cracks and pores, and the fibers are tightly bound to the cement slurry. Under the acceleration of dry wet cycles, sulfate erosion is mainly gypsum type erosion and ettringite type erosion, and the erosion products are columnar and needle shaped distribution of ettringite and gypsum crystals; In the later stage of erosion, the surface concrete deteriorates severely, the cement slurry gradually falls off, the internal pores increase, and cracks increase, resulting in partial separation of fibers from the cement slurry. At this time, the fibers rely on their own tensile strength to play a role in toughening and crack resistance.
The Role of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, and ABO Blood Groups in Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Martina Ngwu Amauche
Published: December 2024

Background: Intrauterine pregnancy loss referred to natural pregnancy loss before the twentieth weeks of gestation. Women who show signs of stress are three times more likely to lose their pregnancy during the first three weeks. Blood group system has been linked with development of mental stress, anxiety or disease. Medical literature has also increasingly supported neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet- lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as strong indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress. 
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology, Gynaecology andObstetrics unit both of Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, between August and December 2023.
Methodology: A total of 100 participants were enrolled comprising individuals who had experienced between 1-2 miscarriages. Fifty healthy normal pregnant women who had no history of miscarriage were used as control. Demographic information such as age and number of miscarriages was obtained through questionnaire. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, packed cell volume (PCV) and platelet (PLT) were analyzed by automated haematology analyzer, while ABO and Rhesus blood group were done by tile method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square test and pie chartwere used. P-Value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Out of the 100 women, blood group A was 27, B was 24, AB was 1 and O was 48. Platelet count and NLR values were higher in miscarriage group compared to healthy normal pregnant women (p=0.039 and <0.001 respectively). Lymphocyte count were found to be lower in miscarriage group compared to healthy normal pregnant women (p=0.042). There was no significant relationship between NLR, PLR and ABO blood group (p=0.199).
Conclusion: Increased platelet count and NLR were observed in women who had early pregnancy loss.  Measurement of low cost test like platelet count and NLR before twentieth weeks should be recommended as one of the ways to predict pregnancy leading to spontaneous abortion.
Effect of Public Debt on Economic Development in Nigeria (2000 – 2023)
Authors: Ama Kalu Ikwuo, , Uwakwe Kalu Ikwor, , John Ubi Abagha, , Esther Nweke-Charles Uchenna , Nworie Gilbert Ogechukwu
Published: December 2024

The study examined the effect of public debt on economic development in Nigeria spanning from 2000 to 2023 with emphasis on the effect of domestic debt (DDEBT), bilateral debt (BDEBT), multilateral debt (MDEBT) and debt servicing (DEBSERV). The research adopted ex-post facto research design. Secondary data were collected from Debt Management Office (DMO), Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The econometric technique of multiple regression analysis, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Unit Root Test, Johansen Co-integration Test and Error Correction Model (ECM) were employed in the data analysis. The co-integration test showed that long-run equilibrium relationship exists among the variables. The findings from the data analysis showed that domestic debt has negative and insignificant effect on economic development in Nigeria. Bilateral debt has positive and non-significant effect on economic development in Nigeria. Multilateral debt has negative and non-significant effect on economic development in Nigeria while debt servicing has a positive and non-significant effect on economic development in Nigeria. The implication of the findings is that proper and judicious use of public debt affects positively on economic development in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommends that government should reduce the level of domestic debt accumulation. Government should acquire more bilateral loans that should be channeled into viable projects with high return on investment. Government should avoid acquiring multilateral loans because of their negative effect on the development of Nigerian economy. Debt servicing requirement should not be allowed to increase above the debt stock by regularly servicing the loan.
The Dynamic Role of Customer Experience in Shaping the Social Media Marketing-Purchase Intention Relationship: An S-O-R Perspective
Authors: Kumar Kishlay , Mishra Puja
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aims to explore the impact of social media marketing activities on purchase intention on millennials, with a particular focus on how customer experience mediates this relationship. The research applies the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) model, the research seeking to explicate the mechanisms through which social media marketing influences purchase intention.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 329 participants in Jharkhand, India who actively engage on social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and WhatsApp. A purposive sampling method was used to ensure involvement of relevant respondents. To analyze the data Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4 was used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study, conducte­d between March and May 2024, targe­ted social media users in Jharkhand, particularly in East Singhbhum, Dhanbad, Ranchi, Ramgarh, Bokaro, Hazaribagh, Khunti, and De­ogarh.
Findings: The analysis reveals that Social Media Marketing Activities (SMMAs) has a strong and positive influence on Purchase Intention (PI) and Customer Experience (CE). The link was established as means to both directly and indirectly, through Customer Experiences (CE). Positive customer experiences significantly enhance purchase intention, highlighting the pivotal role of customer experience in the efficacy of social media marketing.
Originality/Value: Testing the relationship between customer experience as a mediator between Social Media Marketing Activities (SMMAs) and Purchase Intention (PI). The application of the S-O-R model offers a novel perspective on understanding consumer behavior in the context of social media marketing. The findings underscore the importance for businesses to focus on creating positive customer experiences through their social media marketing strategies to drive purchase intentions in Jharkhand.
Spatial Trends of Cadmium and Zinc Concentrations in Water and Enrichments in Surficial Sediments within Nyanza (Winam) Gulf of Lake Victoria (East Africa)
Authors: Mwamburi Job
Published: December 2024

Metal pollution contributes significantly to the environmental degradation of lake ecosystems. The study evaluated the spatial trends in cadmium and zinc concentrations in surface water, un-fractioned and the <63µm grain size fraction (silt and clay) of surficial sediments within Nyanza Gulf, from lake monitoring stations in 2010 and 2012 surveys. Significantly higher Zn total concentrations were found in surface lake water compared to earlier surveys, but cadmium levels were low and not detectable as in previous studies. Variable contents of Zn and Cd were found in un-fractioned and finer sediment fractions. “Much higher sediment Cd contents were found in 2010 compared to other surveys. Major areas under river and urban influences recorded much higher sediment Cd contents than offshore sediments. However, there were no significant differences between Cd and Zn contents between the gulf and main lake zones. Cd sediment enrichment factors were highly variable compared to Zn, which showed a more uniform trend in most of the gulf areas, but Cd sediment enrichment factors appear to increase when compared to previous data. The spatial distribution of Cd and Zn in the surficial sediments show unpolluted to moderate pollution levels, according to geo-accumulation index. Only 4% of Zn samples exceeded the sediment quality threshold effect concentration (TEC) values, but all were below the mid-range effect values. Cadmium is a recognized toxicant and there are potential ecological concerns regarding the variable sediment Cd contents since it has been found previously in bioavailable forms in surficial sediments and 2% of the samples contained Cd (un-fractioned sediment) above the threshold effect concentration during the 2012 survey compared to 51 % in 2010, but none exceeded the severe effect levels”. Continuous monitoring of priority heavy metals is of relevance on the understanding of potential long-term ecological impacts to the lake ecosystem.
Effects of Smoking and Sun Drying on the Carcass Quality of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Gbaior Tivfa Samuel , Onaji Agbo Ben , Kwaghvihi Orfega Benjamin , Aende Athanasius Aondohemen , Ricketts Amighty Olorunpelumi , Torsabo Donald
Published: December 2024

The effect of smoking and sun-drying processing methods on the carcass quality of Oreochromis niloticus were studied to determine its proximate composition and organoleptic qualities. Totally 40 samples of fish were collected, of which 20 samples were smoked dried in a smoking kiln while the remaining 20 were sun-dried. The samples were analyzed using standard methods according to AOAC (2005). The organoleptic quality was assessed using a structured questionnaire based on Hedonic scale 10, 8, 6, 4, and 2 for excellent, very good, good, fair and poor, respectively using a panel of 12 randomly selected judges. The sensory parameters for rating were taste, aroma, texture, appearance, and general acceptability. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 software. Results obtained showed that crude protein (52.57 ±0.03) and lipid content (8.90 ± 0.01) were higher in sundried carcass than in smoked carcass, with 47.88± 0.02 and 8.31±0.01 for crude protein content and lipid content, respectively. Smoked carcass maintained higher organoleptic quality with a higher acceptability ratio of 4.80±0.12 compared to the sundried samples (3.00±0.29). Sun-drying gave an optimal retention of nutrient content while smoking enhanced the organoleptic quality of the fish. It is concluded that both methods are effective for the preservation of fish. Sun-drying is however recommended for nutritional retention while smoking remains the better choice for enhanced flavour and consumer preference.
Performance Evaluation of a 33.7 MW Zagtouli Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant by Reducing Losses
Authors: GUIRO Ousmane , TUBREOUMYA Guy Christian , TIENDREBEOGO Eloi Salmwendé , COMPAORE Aboubacar , KABORE Abdoulaye , DISSA Alfa Oumar
Published: December 2024

Solar photovoltaic power plants connected to the electricity grid suffer production losses due, on the one hand, to grid instability and, on the other, to the quality of the installation. The general objective of this work is to improve the performance of a photovoltaic power plant by reducing losses between production and energy injection into the grid. To achieve this, production was estimated using two calculation methods, in order to compare the prediction made by the operating company. The plant's annual performance ratio was calculated, with an estimated value of 88.21%. This value is characteristic of good performance according to the literature (Daher et al. 2018).
Analyzing Different Architectures of Convolutional Neural Networks for Tomato Grading System
Authors: Shuaeb S M Abdullah Al , Hossen Anwar , Dinar Md Ashikul Haque , Roy Utpal Kanti
Published: December 2024

The tomato is a very popular and commonly eaten fruit. Its quality, which affects how people see it, depends a lot on how it looks. Convolutional neural networks, which are advanced computer programs, are great at using deep learning to sort and classify fruits, grains, and vegetables in farming. Right now, there are two ways to classify tomatoes: by eye or by analyzing images. The first method, which involves checking tomatoes by hand, is more accurate but takes longer and costs more. The second method, which uses images, is faster and cheaper but not as precise. In this study, we use a deep learning approach to classify tomato quality, specifically using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We compared two popular CNN models, ResNet-50 and AlexNet, and tested how well these models automatically find important features in the tomatoes. The success percentage of our suggested strategy in experiments was 99.1%. Our proposed method outperforms existing image-processed tomato quality rating systems on all five of the commonly used evaluation criteria, including accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F-score.
Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Composition, Proximate Content and Heavy Metal Contamination in Naturally and Calcium Carbide-Ripened Bananas
Authors: Chinagorom Ibeachu P. , Kingdom David Lekpa , Josiah Hart S.
Published: December 2024

The use of artificial ripening agents, particularly calcium carbide, in fruits such as bananas has raised concerns about their impact on nutritional quality. This study compared the phytochemical composition, proximate analysis, and heavy metal contamination of naturally ripened (NR) and calcium carbide-ripened (CR) bananas and analysed the adverse risk associated with the consumption of calcium carbide -ripened bananas.
Mature unripe bananas obtained from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Development (IARD) were divided into two groups: one ripened naturally (NR) at room temperature and the other ripened using calcium carbide (CR). Phytochemical analysis detected phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids in both groups, but with significant differences in concentration. Notably, cyanogenic glycoside and oxalate levels were higher in CR bananas (7.0 × 10⁻⁴% and 1.82%, respectively) compared to NR bananas (6.0 × 10⁻⁴% and 0.50%). Additionally, NR bananas showed higher concentrations of flavonoids (11.64%), alkaloids (4.50%), saponins (9.84%), and tannins (7.5 × 10⁻4%), indicative of high antioxidant properties. In contrast, CR bananas had reduced levels of these compounds (10.22%, 4.2%, 6.41%, and 3.16 × 10⁻4% respectively), suggesting decreased antioxidant potential.
Proximate analysis revealed that CR bananas had higher moisture content (82.05%) compared to NR bananas (79.83%). However, NR bananas contained higher levels of protein (1.88%), carbohydrate (19.68%), and fiber (2.40%).
Heavy metal analysis identified elevated phosphorus levels in CR bananas (184.5 ppm), exceeding the FAO's permissible limits (80–120 ppm).
In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential nutritional compromises and safety risks associated with calcium carbide-ripened bananas. The study emphasizes the need for strict regulation of artificial ripening agents to protect consumer health.
Amniotic Fluid Embolism Leading to Multi Organ Dysfunction: A Case Report
Authors: Badlani Twinkle , Choraria Nirmal , Shah Vijay , Deore Chetan
Published: December 2024

Aims: This case report is aimed at highlighting the difficulties and rapid progress of an amniotic fluid embolism in a multiparous woman post-delivery, outlining the importance of early detection and intervention.
Study Design:  Case Report.
Place and Duration of Study: Nirmal Hospital Pvt. Ltd Surat, Gujarat. Between August to October 2024.
Methodology: The case was followed during the hospital stay and evaluated for two months afterward.
Case Presentation: A the 32-year-old multiparous lady arrived at the labor room 3.5 hours after giving birth, she was unconscious and experiencing tachycardia, hypotension, hypoxia, and hypovolemic shock as a result of heavy postpartum haemorrhage. She had severe anemia and coagulopathy as seen in her lab findings. She deteriorated immediately after interventions involving intravenous fluids, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and blood product transfusions. She developed seizures and had extreme cardiovascular instability, which ended up in cardiac arrest, which could not be resuscitated. She was pronounced dead on the second day of the event.
Conclusion: This case illustrates the urgent need for heightened awareness of AFE and effective protocols for early identification and management. Its clinical significance resides in its uncertainty, the severity of its manifestations, and inadequate understanding of its pathophysiology. Although AFE cannot be prevented, early detection and prompt treatment may result in improved outcomes for both parent who gives birth and the foetus. Advanced imaging methods including CT scans, echocardiograms, and novel laboratory testing could provide for more rapid detection and precise diagnosis.
Effect of Boron and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. Pusa Snowball K-1
Authors: Dhakad Atul , Maji Sutanu , Razauddin  , Chouhan Tendul , Meena Dilkush , Neha  , Meena Sarjesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.), one of the most popular vegetables in the cole group, is widely cultivated for its high yield, which is dependent on having adequate macronutrients. Deficits in the essential minerals boron and zinc are common in cauliflower crops. Hence the study was conducted to evaluate the experiment was laid out in three replications and nine treatments. The plot size was 1.8 m x 1.8 m and planting was done with spacing 45 cm x 45 cm. The treatments comprised the use of micronutrients Boron (0.2% and 0.4%), Zinc (0.3% and 0.5%) and their combinations. The B and Zn were applied to plants at 30 and 45 Days after transplanting (DAT). Observations pertained to growth parameters were recorded at various stages (30 DAT to 45 DAT, 45 DAT to 60 DAT and 30 DAT to 60 DAT). Among the foliar applications of B and Zn (T9) i.e. Boron @ 0.4% + Zinc @ 0.5% was found to be significantly superior for plant height, number of leaves, length of leaf, width of leaf and plant spread but application of Boron @ 0.4% + Zinc @ 0.3% (T8) and Boron @ 0.2% + Zinc @ 0.5% (T7) were statistically at par in case of plant height. T9 (Boron @ 0.4% + Zinc @ 0.5%) also showed early curd initiation and harvesting, improved curd diameter, fresh weight as well as curd yield. Thus, foliar application of Boron @ 0.4% + Zinc @ 0.5% at 30 and 45 days after planting may be beneficial for good marketable cauliflower production with superior curd size and high yield.
Heterosis Studies on Grain Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sucharitha C. , Sukumar K. , Prasanna B. Laxmi
Published: December 2024

The research programme was carried out at Agricultural Polytechnic, Polasa, Jagtial during Kharif, 2021 and Rabi, 2021-22. Population is growing at rapid pace and hence, there is a definite need for the development of hybrids with better heterosis for yield and yield attributes. Here, Eight lines and three testers were employed to generate Twenty four experimental hybrids using line x tester mating design and the resultant hybrids were evaluated in Randomized Block Design. Better parent heterosis for grain yield varied from -95.62% (JMS 13A x JGL 33124) to 40.98% (CMS 46A x KNM 7787). Four hybrids viz., CMS46A x KNM 7787(40.98), JMS 11A x KNM 7787 (26.16), CMS23A x KNM 7787 (13.54) and CMS 46A x JGL 33124 (11.13) exhibited significantly positive heterosis over the better parent.
Spatial Distribution and Ecological Determinants of Tsetse Flies in Trypanosomiasis-endemic Regions of Mali
Authors: Traoré Astan , Koné Ousmane Ibrahim , Ly Bintou , Kéita Youssouf Faya , Bass Boubacar , Diawara Mamadou Oumar , Sodio Bernard A. , Yaro Alpha Seydou
Published: December 2024

Tsetse flies are harmful to humans and animals through their bites and infestations. Their distribution depends on the presence of vegetation and forest patches, etc. Visiting resting places, hunting grounds, or breeding grounds is a means of contact between human, animal, and insect populations. It encourages host–vector encounters and thus pathogen exchanges among humans, wildlife, and the environment. Controlling these insects considerably reduces their nuisance and breaks the pathogen transmission chain. Knowledge of the diversity of tsetse species and the main determinants of their geographical distribution is necessary to effectively combat this scourge. This study was initiated to determine the distribution of tsetse flies and identify the main species currently present in Mali. The 4 regions endemic for trypanosomiasis in Mali (Kayes, Koulikoro, Sikasso and Ségou) were selected for capture. In each region, 10 captures sites were randomly selected. The captures occurred from March to December 2020. The traps were placed on the banks of watercourses, in galleries, and in the Savannah. They were installed for 48 h and renewed every 24 h. A total of 1353 tsetse flies were captured, including 270 in Kayes, 527 in Koulikoro, 554 in Sikasso, and 4 in Ségou (p = 0.009). Two riparian species were identified, and no Savannah species were recorded. Tsetse flies were heterogeneously distributed. All sites in the Sikasso region recorded the presence of at least one tsetse fly (100%), while distribution was 80, 40 and 30%, respectively, in the Koulikoro, Kayes, and Ségou regions. These results show that tsetse flies are still present in these regions, albeit with an uneven distribution. A positive correlation was established between diversity and environmental parameters (<0.05).
Expression Patterns of ER, PR, Her2/neu, and Ki67 in Sudanese Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Ali Tumadir Mohamed Adam , Khalifa Mohamed Mahgoub Hassan , Eldour Ahmed Abdalla Agab , Mohammed Sirelkhatim Merghani Elkheir , Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim
Published: December 2024

Background: Tumor markers are crucial indicators for breast cancer treatment and follow-up. Thus, this study attempted to explore the expression patterns of ER, PR, Her2/neu, and Ki67 in Sudanese breast cancer patients.
Methodology: This study was a retrospective descriptive analysis conducted in El-Obeid city, Sudan. Records of 190 patients were obtained, including 110 with malignant lesions and 79 with benign breast lesions, from two histopathology laboratories.
Results: Approximately 37% of patients were ER/PR positive, whereas 31% of cases tested for ER, PR, and Her2/neu were classified as triple negative. Ki-67 expression exhibited significant variability among breast lesions. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) exhibited the highest expression of estrogen receptors (ER) at 59%, followed by progesterone receptors (PR) at 56%, and HER2 positivity at 53.8%.
Conclusion: Breast cancer cases in Sudan are prevalent, characterized by ER/PR positivity, triple-negative status, and elevated Ki-67 expression. The predominant histological type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma. Women under the age of 45 exhibit a higher susceptibility to breast cancer. A significant number of patients exhibit advanced stages of the disease. Sudan advocates for the prevention and early detection of breast cancer.
Effect of Zeolite Beads and Silica Gel on Seed Quality Parameters of Okra Genotypes
Authors: Priya  , Parashivamurthy  , K. Vishwanath, , N. Nethra, , T. G. Manu , P. Bhavani,
Published: December 2024

A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka. The study aimed to investigate the impact of various desiccants on seed quality parameters in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) along with the comparison of untreated control. The findings indicated that zeolite beads (1:0.2 seed: desiccant by weight) for 24 h. registered significantly lowest (8.04%) seed moisture content and lowest (349.18 µS/cm) electrical conductivity as compared to the control (12.10% and 356.35 µS/cm/g, respectively). Similarly, zeolite beads (1:0.2 seed: desiccant by weight) for 24 h. registered the highest (76.85%) seed germination, root length (16.56 cm), shoot length (14.02 cm), mean seedling dry weight (98.03 mg), seedling vigour index-I (2303), seedling vigour index-II (7542) and highest (2.38 A480nm) total dehydrogenase activity indicating better seed quality as compare to control (70.27%, 12.57 cm, 10.28 cm, 91.82 mg, 1623, 6461 and 1.80 A480nm, respectively). Overall, the results suggest that zeolite beads are an effective desiccant for enhancing seed quality in okra by reducing moisture content and improving physiological and biochemical parameters, which are critical for seed storage and vigor.
Effect of Vermicompost and Bio-stimulants for Improving the Growth, Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Prakash Satya , Singh Bijendra , Kumar Amit , Kumar Vipin , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Vijai
Published: December 2024

This experiment was conducted during in rabi season of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at Horticulture Research Center, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of Vermicompost and Bio-stimulates i.e.beejamrit and jeevamrit for improving the growth, yield and quality of onion. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Application of Vermicompost 5 Ton + Beejamrit 10% + Jeevamrit 10% Two Spray recorded the maximum number of leaves per plant (5.87), plant height (27.54 cm), leaf length (28.48 cm), crop duration (152.57 days). The maximum bulb weight (6.66 g), yield per plot (31.08 kg), bulb yield (346.35 q/ha), marketable yield per plot (28.39 kg) and marketable yield (310.75 q/ha) recorded under the application of Vermicompost 3 Ton + Beejamrit 10% + Jeevamrit 10% Two Spray. The foliar application of Vermicompost (3ton) with 10% concentration of Beejamrit and Jeevamrit led to improve yield and yield related attributes of onion.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Copper Hydroxide CU (OH)2 against the Main Diseases of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum esculentum) in Burkina Faso
Authors: Zombre Tinlé Cyrille , OUATTARA Boubakar , ZOUGRANA Sylvain , SOME Nanwinyélé Euvaris
Published: December 2024

Fungal and bacterial diseases cause a permanent threat to tomato production and can cause economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the biological effectiveness of copper hydroxide 65.6% in Burkina Faso. The evaluation was carried out in the Hauts-Bassins region in a farming environment during the dry and cold season, and the hot and humid season. The plant material used was the F1 Mongal tomato variety. The experimental design was a Fisher block comprising ten (10) repetitions and three (03) treatments. The treatments were distributed as follows: T0 (untreated), T1 (Mancozeb 800g/kg) and T2 (copper hydroxide 65.6%). Copper hydroxide 65.6% was applied at a dose of 4 kg/ha and Mancozeb 800g/kg at 3 kg/ha. The treatments were applied at intervals of one week over a period of one month. Tomato yield, disease prevalence and severity were the parameters studied. At the end of this study, the diseases identified were early blight, anthracnose, vascular fusarium wilt and bacterial wilt of tomatoes. Copper hydroxide 65.6% was found to be more effective than Mancozeb 800g/kg. It significantly reduced the prevalence and severity of early blight and anthracnose. The yield analysis showed that the treatment with copper hydroxide 65.6% recorded a yield gain of 3.16 tons compared to Mancozeb 800g/kg, and 4.87 tons compared to the non-control. processed. Given the biological effectiveness of copper hydroxide 65.6%, it would be desirable to recommend it to producers with a view to increasing tomato productivity.