bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Genotypes Isolated from Small and Medium‐Sized Mammalian Wildlife and Bovine Livestock from Ontario Farms
Authors: Viswanathan M. , Pearl D. L. , Taboada E. N. , Parmley E. J. , Mutschall S. K. , Jardine C. M.
Published: August 2016

Using data collected from a cross‐sectional study of 25 farms (eight beef, eight swine and nine dairy) in 2010, we assessed clustering of molecular subtypes of C. jejuni based on a Campylobacter‐specific 40 gene comparative genomic fingerprinting assay (CGF40) subtypes, using unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis. Exact logistic regression was used to determine which genes differentiate wildlife and livestock subtypes in our study population. A total of 33 bovine livestock (17 beef and 16 dairy), 26 wildlife (20 raccoon (Procyon lotor), five skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and one mouse (Peromyscus spp.) C. jejuni isolates were subtyped using CGF40. Dendrogram analysis, based on UPGMA, showed distinct branches separating bovine livestock and mammalian wildlife isolates. Furthermore, two‐dimensional multiple correspondence analysis was highly concordant with dendrogram analysis showing clear differentiation between livestock and wildlife CGF40 subtypes. Based on multilevel logistic regression models with a random intercept for farm of origin, we found that isolates in general, and raccoons more specifically, were significantly more likely to be part of the wildlife branch. Exact logistic regression conducted gene by gene revealed 15 genes that were predictive of whether an isolate was of wildlife or bovine livestock isolate origin. Both multiple correspondence analysis and exact logistic regression revealed that in most cases, the presence of a particular gene (13 of 15) was associated with an isolate being of livestock rather than wildlife origin. In conclusion, the evidence gained from dendrogram analysis, multiple correspondence analysis and exact logistic regression indicates that mammalian wildlife carry CGF40 subtypes of C. jejuni distinct from those carried by bovine livestock. Future studies focused on source attribution of C. jejuni in human infections will help determine whether wildlife transmit Campylobacter jejuni directly to humans.
Xist recruits the X chromosome to the nuclear lamina to enable chromosome-wide silencing
Authors: Chen Chun-Kan , Blanco Mario , Jackson Constanza , Aznauryan Erik , Ollikainen Noah , Surka Christine , Chow Amy , Cerase Andrea , McDonel Patrick , Guttman Mitchell
Published: August 2016

Plunging into a domain of silence

Female mammals have two X chromosomes. One must be silenced to “balance” gene dosage with male XY cells. The Xist long noncoding RNA coats the inactive X chromosome in female mammalian cells. Chen
et al.
show that the Xist RNA helps recruit the X chromosome to the internal rim of the cell nucleus, a region where gene expression is silenced. Xist is recruited to the domain through an interaction with the Lamin B receptor. This recruitment allows the Xist RNA to spread across the future inactive X chromosome, shutting down gene expression.

Science
, this issue p.
468
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis
Strain MQS005, a Bacterium with Potential Quorum-Sensing Regulation
Authors: Pan Yonglong , Wang Yanbo , Yan Xiaoqing , Mazumder Asit , Liang Yan
Published: August 2016

We present here the draft genome sequence of
Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis
strain MQS005, a bacterium possessing potential quorum-sensing regulatory activity. This strain was isolated from water from the South China Sea, People's Republic of China. The assembly consists of 4,252,538 bp and contains 144 contigs, with a G+C content of 41.85%.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Fonsecaea nubica
Strain CBS 269.64, Causative Agent of Human Chromoblastomycosis
Authors: Costa Flávia F. , de Hoog Sybren , Raittz Roberto T. , Weiss Vinicius A. , Leão Aniele C. R. , Bombassaro Amanda , Sun Jiufeng , Moreno Leandro F. , Souza Emanuel M. , Pedrosa Fabio O. , Steffens Maria Berenice R. , Baura Valter , Tadra-Sfeir Michele Z. , Balsanelli Eduardo , Najafzadeh M. Javad , Gomes Renata R. , Felipe Maria S. , Teixeira Marcus , Santos Germana D. , Xi Liyan , Alves de Castro Mauro Antônio , Vicente Vânia A.
Published: August 2016

On the basis of multilocus phylogenetic data,
Fonsecaea nubica
was described in 2010 as a molecular sibling of
F. monophora
, an established agent of the human skin disease chomoblastomycosis in tropical zones. Genome analysis of these pathogens is mandatory to identify genes involved in the interaction with host and virulence.
Genome Sequence of
Listeria monocytogenes
Strain HPB2088 (Serotype 1/2a), an Environmental Isolate Collected in Canada in 1994
Authors: Pightling Arthur W. , Rand Hugh , Strain Errol , Pagotto Franco
Published: August 2016

Listeria monocytogenes
is a foodborne pathogen that causes severe illness. Thus, ongoing efforts at real-time whole-genome sequencing are of utmost importance. However, it is also important that retrospective analyses that place these data into context be performed. Here, we present the genome sequence of strain HPB2088, which was collected in 1994.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Ureolytic Bacteria Isolated from Concrete Block Waste
Authors: Park Hongjae , Park Byeonghyeok , Kim Hyun Jung , Park Woojun , Choi In-Geol
Published: August 2016

We sequenced genomes of two ureolytic bacteria,
Bacillus
sp. JH7 and
Sporosarcina
sp. HYO08, which were isolated from concrete waste and have a potential for biocementation applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of Oil-Degrading Bacterium
Gallaecimonas pentaromativorans
Strain YA_1 from the Southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Xu Yiyuan , Ren Chong , Chen Ruixuan , Zeng Runying
Published: August 2016

Gallaecimonas pentaromativorans
has been previously reported to be capable of degrading crude oil and diesel oil.
G. pentaromativorans
strain YA_1 was isolated from the southwest Indian Ocean and can degrade crude oil. This study reports the draft genome sequence of
G. pentaromativorans
, which can provide insights into the mechanisms of microbial oil biodegradation.
Permanent Draft Genome Sequence of
Nocardia
sp. BMG111209, an Actinobacterium Isolated from Nodules of
Casuarina glauca
Authors: Ghodhbane-Gtari Faten , Beauchemin Nicholas , Gueddou Abdellatif , Hezbri Karima , Ktari Amir , Louati Moussa , Nouioui Imen , Chen Amy , Huntemann Marcel , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Markowitz Victor , Mavrommatis Kostas , Pagani Ioanna , Sen Arnab , Wall Luis , Woyke Tanja , Gtari Maher , Tisa Louis S.
Published: August 2016

Nocardia
sp. strain BMG111209 is a non-
Frankia
actinobacterium isolated from root nodules of
Casuarina glauca
in Tunisia. Here, we report the 9.1-Mbp draft genome sequence of
Nocardia
sp. strain BMG111209 with a G + C content of 69.19% and 8,122 candidate protein-encoding genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Chloroperoxidase-Producing Fungus
Caldariomyces fumago
Woronichin DSM1256
Authors: Kellner Harald , Pecyna Marek Jan , Buchhaupt Markus , Ullrich René , Hofrichter Martin
Published: August 2016

We report here the draft genome sequence of the chloroperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.10)-producing ascomycete
Caldariomyces fumago
. Its genome was assembled into 511 contigs with a total size of 25 Mb. The G+C content is 51.4%, and 9,806 putative protein-coding genes were predicted. Eight heme-thiolate peroxidase genes, including two chloroperoxidase genes, were found.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Lactococcus garvieae
Strain PAQ102015-99, an Outbreak Strain Isolated from a Commercial Trout Farm in the Northwestern United States
Authors: Nelson Michael C. , Varney Jed S. , Welch Timothy J. , Graf Joerg
Published: August 2016

We announce the draft genome assembly of
Lactococcus garvieae
strain PAQ102015-99, a recently isolated strain from an outbreak of lactococcosis at a commercial trout farm in the northwestern United States. The draft genome comprises 14 contigs totaling 2,068,357 bp with an
N
50
of 496,618 bp and average G+C content of 38%.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Streptococcus agalactiae
Strain S25 Isolated from Peritoneal Liquid of Nile Tilapia
Authors: Mainardi Rafaella Menegheti , Lima Júnior Edson Antônio , Ribeiro Júnior Jose Carlos , Beloti Vanerli , Carmo Anderson Oliveira , Kalapothakis Evanguedes , Gonçalves Daniela Dib , Padua Santiago Benites , Pereira Ulisses Pádua
Published: August 2016

Streptococcus agalactiae
(Lancefield group B; GBS) is one of the major pathogens in fish production, especially in Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
). The genomic characteristics of GBS isolated from fish must be more explored. Thus, we present here the genome of GBS S25, isolated from Nile tilapia from Brazil.
Draft Genome Sequences of
Legionella pneumophila
JR32 and Lp01 Laboratory Strains Domesticated in Japan
Authors: Maita Chinatsu , Matushita Mizue , Okubo Torahiko , Matsuo Junji , Miyake Masaki , Nagai Hiroki , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki
Published: August 2016

We report here the draft genome sequences of two
Legionella pneumophila
variant strains (JR32 and Lp01_666) originally derived from a Philadelphia-1 clinical isolate, domesticated in Japan, with distinct susceptibility to amoebae. Detailed genomic analysis will allow us to better understand
Legionella
adaptation and survival mechanisms in host cells.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Burkholderia stabilis
LA20W, a Trehalose Producer That Uses Levulinic Acid as a Substrate
Authors: Sato Yuya , Koike Hideaki , Kondo Susumu , Hori Tomoyuki , Kanno Manabu , Kimura Nobutada , Morita Tomotake , Kirimura Kohtaro , Habe Hiroshi
Published: August 2016

Burkholderia stabilis
LA20W produces trehalose using levulinic acid (LA) as a substrate. Here, we report the 7.97-Mb draft genome sequence of
B. stabilis
LA20W, which will be useful in investigations of the enzymes involved in LA metabolism and the mechanism of LA-induced trehalose production.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Proteorhodopsin-Containing Marine Flavobacterium
Dokdonia donghaensis
DSW-1
T
, Isolated from Seawater off Dokdo in the East Sea (Sea of Korea)
Authors: Kim Kitae , Kwon Soon-Kyeong , Yoon Jung-Hoon , Kim Jihyun F.
Published: August 2016

Dokdonia
spp. have been used for investigating the lifestyles of proteorhodopsin-containing photoheterotrophs and for understanding marine photobiology. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Dokdonia donghaensis
DSW-1
T
using the PacBio sequencing platform. It should provide a valuable resource for comparative genomic studies of marine life harboring microbial rhodopsins among others.
Non-invasive ventilation for sleep-disordered breathing in Smith-Magenis syndrome
Authors: Connor Victoria , Zhao Sizheng , Angus Robert
Published: August 2016

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by behavioural disturbances, intellectual disability and early onset obesity. The physical features of this syndrome are well characterised; however, behavioural features, such as sleep disturbance, are less well understood and difficult to manage. Sleep issues in SMS are likely due to a combination of disturbed melatonin cycle, facial anatomy and obesity-related ventilatory problems. Sleep disorders can be very distressing to patients and their families, as exemplified by our patient's experience, and can worsen behavioural issues as well as general health. This case demonstrates the successful use of non-invasive ventilation in treating underlying obesity hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea. As a consequence of addressing abnormalities in sleep patterns, some behavioural problems improved.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by Saxagliptin prevents inflammation and renal injury by targeting the Nlrp3/ASC inflammasome
Authors: Birnbaum Yochai , Bajaj Mandeep , Qian Jinqiao , Ye Yumei
Published: August 2016

Background

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rodents. The NOD-like receptor 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome plays an important role in DN. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4I) inhibit the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and various other active substances. We assessed whether DPP4I attenuates diabetes-induced activation of the inflammasome and progression of DN in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods

BTBR (T2DM), Akita (T1DM) and their matched non-diabetic control (wild-type (WT)) mice received 8-week treatment with Saxagliptin (Saxa) or vehicle.

Results

Kidney weight and kidney/body weight ratio increased in the BTBR and Akita mice compared to their WT mice. Saxa attenuated these changes in the BTBR, but not in the Akita mice and had no effect in the WT mice. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine significantly increased in the BTBR and Akita mice. Saxa attenuated the increase in the BTBR and Akita mice. Saxa improved glycemic control in the BTBR mice, but had no effect on glucose levels in the Akita and WT mice. Serum C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly higher in the BTBR and Akita mice than in the WT mice. Saxa attenuated the increase in the BTBR and Akita mice. Kidney and adipose protein levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein 1, NLRP3, TNFα and Caspase-1 were higher in the BTBR and Akita mice than in the WT mice. Saxa reduced the levels in both types of diabetic mice.

Conclusions

Saxa attenuated diabetes-induced activation of the inflammasome and progression of DN. As Saxa did not affect glucose levels in the Akita mice, these effects are independent of glucose lowering.
Investigating the accuracy of parentally reported weights and lengths at 12 months of age as compared to measured weights and lengths in a longitudinal childhood genome study
Authors: Hazrati Sahel , Hourigan Suchitra K , Waller Allison , Yui Yvonne , Gilchrist Nancy , Huddleston Kathi , Niederhuber John
Published: August 2016

Background

Childhood obesity studies rely on parentally reported anthropometrics. However, the accuracy of such data has not been evaluated for 12-month-old children. Moreover, methods to improve the accuracy of reported data have not been assessed in prior studies.

Methods

A total of 185 children enrolled in a northern Virginia childhood longitudinal cohort genomic study had parentally completed surveys at 12 months. Measured weights and lengths were recorded for the same children from their 12-month paediatrician visit. Weight for length percentiles were calculated using World Health Organization gender-specific growth charts. The agreement between reported and measured values was examined using Pearson's correlation, paired t-test and κ statistics. The interquartile outlier rule was used to detect and remove outliers.

Results

Parentally reported weight was strongly associated with measured weight at 12 months (r=0.90). There was only a moderate correlation between parentally reported and measured lengths (r=0.52) and calculated weight for length percentiles (r=0.65). After removing outliers from parentally reported data, there was an increase in correlation between parentally reported and measured data for weight (r=0.93), length (r=0.69) and weight for length percentiles (r=0.76). Outliers removed compared to all children included were more likely to have maternal education less than a bachelor's degree (p=0.007).

Conclusions

After removal of outliers from reported data, there is a strong correlation between calculated reported and measured weight for length percentiles suggesting that this may be an effective method to increase accuracy when conducting large-scale obesity studies in young children where study costs benefit from using parentally reported data.
Patterns of cancer screening, incidence and treatment disparities in China: protocol for a population-based study
Authors: Yao Nengliang , Wang Jialin , Cai Yuanchu , Yuan Jing , Wang Haipeng , Gong Jiyong , Anderson Roger , Sun Xiaojie
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Cancer has become the leading cause of death in China. Several knowledge gaps exist with respect to the patterns of cancer care and disparities in China. Chinese healthcare researchers do not have access to cancer research data of high quality. Only cancer incidence and mortality rates have been analysed in China while the patterns of cancer screening and treatment and disparities have not been rigorously examined. Potential disparities in cancer care by socioeconomic status have not been analysed in the previous literature. Population-based estimates of cancer care costs remain unexamined in China. This project will depict the pattern of cancer screening, incidence and treatment in Shandong province and enhance our understanding of causes of disparities in cancer control.

Methods and analysis

We will create the first linked database of cancer registry and health insurance claims in China. We obtained cancer registry data on breast, gastrointestinal and lung cancer incidence from 2011 to 2014 and their health insurance claims information from 6 cities/counties of 10.63 million population and validated it with hospital discharge data. A 1600 participant survey will be administered to collect additional information of patients’ socioeconomic status, employment and cancer care costs. Frequency analysis, spatial data exploratory analysis, multivariate logistic regression with instrumental variable, generalised linear regression and subgroup analysis will be used to analyse the following: the receipt of cancer screening, stage at diagnosis, guideline-concordant treatment and cancer care costs. Patient characteristics, tumour features, hospital characteristics, patient comorbidities and county-level descriptors will be used as covariates in the multivariate analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The Institutional Review Board of the School of Public Health of Shandong University approved this study (20140201). Data compiled from this project will be made available to all Chinese healthcare researchers. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international meetings.
Chaotic Polynomial Maps
Authors: Zhang Xu
Published: August 2016

This paper introduces a class of polynomial maps in Euclidean spaces, investigates the conditions under which there exist Smale horseshoes and uniformly hyperbolic invariant sets, studies the chaotic dynamical behavior and strange attractors, and shows that some maps are chaotic in the sense of Li–Yorke or Devaney. This type of maps includes both the Logistic map and the Hénon map. For some diffeomorphisms with the expansion dimension equal to one or two in three-dimensional spaces, the conditions under which there exist Smale horseshoes and uniformly hyperbolic invariant sets on which the systems are topologically conjugate to the two-sided fullshift on finite alphabet are obtained; for some expanding maps, the chaotic region is analyzed by using the coupled-expansion theory and the Brouwer degree theory. For three types of higher-dimensional polynomial maps with degree two, the conditions under which there are Smale horseshoes and uniformly hyperbolic invariant sets are given, and the topological conjugacy between the maps on the invariant sets and the two-sided fullshift on finite alphabet is obtained. Some interesting maps with chaotic attractors and positive Lyapunov exponents in three-dimensional spaces are found by using computer simulations. In the end, two examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
Macroeconomic Dynamics of Assets, Leverage and Trust
Authors: Rozendaal Jeroen C. , Malevergne Yannick , Sornette Didier
Published: August 2016

A macroeconomic model based on the economic variables (i) assets, (ii) leverage (defined as debt over asset) and (iii) trust (defined as the maximum sustainable leverage) is proposed to investigate the role of credit in the dynamics of economic growth, and how credit may be associated with both economic performance and confidence. Our first notable finding is the mechanism of reward/penalty associated with patience, as quantified by the return on assets. In regular economies where the EBITA/Assets ratio is larger than the cost of debt, starting with a trust higher than leverage results in the highest long-term return on assets (which can be seen as a proxy for economic growth). Therefore, patient economies that first build trust and then increase leverage are positively rewarded. Our second main finding concerns a recommendation for the reaction of a central bank to an external shock that affects negatively the economic growth. We find that late policy intervention in the model economy results in the highest long-term return on assets. However, this comes at the cost of suffering longer from the crisis until the intervention occurs. The phenomenon that late intervention is most effective to attain a high long-term return on assets can be ascribed to the fact that postponing intervention allows trust to increase first, and it is most effective to intervene when trust is high. These results are derived from two fundamental assumptions underlying our model: (a) trust tends to increase when it is above leverage; (b) economic agents learn optimally to adjust debt for a given level of trust and amount of assets. Using a Markov Switching Model for the EBITA/Assets ratio, we have successfully calibrated our model to the empirical data of the return on equity of the EURO STOXX 50 for the time period 2000–2013. We find that dynamics of leverage and trust can be highly nonmonotonous with curved trajectories, as a result of the nonlinear coupling between the variables. This has an important implication for policy makers, suggesting that simple linear forecasting can be deceiving in some regimes and may lead to inappropriate policy decisions.
Coupled Oscillatory Systems with 𝔻4 Symmetry and Application to van der Pol Oscillators
Authors: Murza Adrian C. , Yu Pei
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we study the dynamics of autonomous ODE systems with [Formula: see text] symmetry. First, we consider eight weakly-coupled oscillators and establish the condition for the existence of stable heteroclinic cycles in most generic [Formula: see text]-equivariant systems. Then, we analyze the action of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] and study the pattern of periodic solutions arising from Hopf bifurcation. We identify the type of periodic solutions associated with the pairs [Formula: see text] of spatiotemporal or spatial symmetries, and prove their existence by using the [Formula: see text] Theorem due to Hopf bifurcation and the [Formula: see text] symmetry. In particular, we give a rigorous proof for the existence of a fourth branch of periodic solutions in [Formula: see text]-equivariant systems. Further, we apply our theory to study a concrete case: two coupled van der Pol oscillators with [Formula: see text] symmetry. We use normal form theory to analyze the periodic solutions arising from Hopf bifurcation. Among the families of the periodic solutions, we pay particular attention to the phase-locked oscillations, each of them being embedded in one of the invariant manifolds, and identify the in-phase, completely synchronized motions. We derive their explicit expressions and analyze their stability in terms of the parameters.
Unusual C–C bond formation between recombined N-fused pentaphyrin and amine nucleophiles
Authors: Suzuki Masaaki , Neya Saburo , Nishigaichi Yutaka
Published: August 2016

Skeletally recombined [Formula: see text]-fused pentaphyrin bromide underwent aromatic nucleophilic substitution-like reactions when treated with several amine reagents. As a result, an irregular bond such as a vinylene or phenylene linkage was formed between the inside of the macrocycle and the amine nitrogen. This linkage extended the conjugation network and created a “switchback [Formula: see text]-plane” in the product, achieving a new kind of three-dimensional zigzag-like delocalization of [Formula: see text]-electrons.
Novel methodology to perform sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)-based multiple-breath wash-in and washout in infants using current commercially available equipment
Authors: Gustafsson P. M. , Robinson P. D. , Lindblad A. , Oberli D.
Published: August 2016

Multiple-breath inert gas washout (MBW) is ideally suited for early detection and monitoring of serious lung disease, such as cystic fibrosis, in infants and young children. Validated commercial options for the MBW technique are limited, and suitability of nitrogen (N2)-based MBW is of concern given the detrimental effect of exposure to pure O2 on infant breathing pattern. We propose novel methodology using commercially available N2 MBW equipment to facilitate 4% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) multiple-breath inert gas wash-in and washout suitable for the infant age range. CO2, O2, and sidestream molar mass sensor signals were used to accurately calculate SF6 concentrations. An improved dynamic method for synchronization of gas and respiratory flow was developed to take into account variations in sidestream sample flow during MBW measurement. In vitro validation of triplicate functional residual capacity (FRC) assessments was undertaken under dry ambient conditions using lung models ranging from 90 to 267 ml, with tidal volumes of 28-79 ml, and respiratory rates 20–60 per minute. The relative mean (SD, 95% confidence interval) error of triplicate FRC determinations by washout was −0.26 (1.84, −3.86 to +3.35)% and by wash-in was 0.57 (2.66, −4.66 to +5.79)%. The standard deviations [mean (SD)] of percentage error among FRC triplicates were 1.40 (1.14) and 1.38 (1.32) for washout and wash-in, respectively. The novel methodology presented achieved FRC accuracy as outlined by current MBW consensus recommendations (95% of measurements within 5% accuracy). Further clinical evaluation is required, but this new technique, using existing commercially available equipment, has exciting potential for research and clinical use.
“Globo, a gente se vê por aqui?” Diversidade racial nas telenovelas das últimas três décadas (1985 – 2014)
Authors: Campos Luiz Augusto , Feres Júnior João
Published: August 2016

Desde sua popularização na década de 1960, as telenovelas da Rede Globo de Televisão tomaram para si a tarefa de representar o Brasil e seu povo. Apesar disso, a participação das personagens pretas e pardas nos elencos desses programas sempre esteve aquém do seu peso demográfico no país. Este texto apresenta os dados gerais de um levantamento que buscou medir a sub-representação de atrizes e atores pretos ou pardos na teledramaturgia da emissora. Nosso objetivo não foi apenas mensurar tal sub-representação, mas entender por meio dela a imagem de nação parcial que as telenovelas produziram e difundiram nas últimas três décadas. Embora os dados detectem uma tímida tendência à diversificação dos elencos, eles demonstram que os elencos das novelas brasileiras ainda são hegemonicamente brancos.
Use and Outcomes of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients ≥90 Years of Age
Authors: Arora Rohan , Salamon Elliott , Katz Jeffrey M. , Cox Margueritte , Saver Jeffrey L. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Peterson Eric D. , Smith Eric E. , Schwamm Lee H. , Xian Ying , Libman Richard B.
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose—

Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a proven treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but there has been limited evaluation among patients aged ≥90 years.

Methods—

We analyzed data from the Get With The Guidelines–Stroke national quality improvement registry from January 2009 to April 2013. Frequency, determinants, and outcomes of tPA use were compared among patients aged ≥90 and 3 younger age groups (18–64, 65–79, and 80–89 years).

Results—

Among 35 708 patients from 1178 sites who arrived within 2 hours of time last known well and received tPA, 2585 (7.2%) were ≥90 years. Compared with younger patients, the rate of tPA use among patients without a documented contraindication was lower among patients aged ≥90 years (67.4% versus 84.1% in 18–89-year olds;
P
<0.0001). Discharge outcomes among individuals aged ≥90 years included discharge to home or acute rehabilitation in 31.4%, independent ambulation at discharge in 13.4%, symptomatic hemorrhage in 6.1%, and in-hospital mortality or hospice discharge in 36.4%. On multivariable analysis, good functional outcomes generally occurred less often and mortality more often among patients aged ≥90 years. The risk of symptomatic hemorrhage was increased compared with patients <65 years but was not significantly different than the risk in 66- to 89-year olds.

Conclusions—

The use of intravenous tPA among those aged ≥90 years is lower than in younger patients. When fibrinolytic therapy is used, the risk of symptomatic hemorrhage is not higher than in 66- to 89-year olds; however, mortality is higher and functional outcomes are lower.
Inflammatory Biomarkers in Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Fullerton Heather J. , deVeber Gabrielle A. , Hills Nancy K. , Dowling Michael M. , Fox Christine K. , Mackay Mark T. , Kirton Adam , Yager Jerome Y. , Bernard Timothy J. , Hod Eldad A. , Wintermark Max , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Benedict Susan L. , Friedman Neil R. , Lo Warren D. , Ichord Rebecca N. , Tan Marilyn A. , Hernandez-Chavez Marta I. , Humphreys Peter , Jordan Lori C. , Sultan Sally , Rivkin Michael J. , Rafay Mubeen F. , Titomanlio Luigi , Kovacevic Gordana S. , Amlie-Lefond Catherine , Dlamini Nomazulu , Condie John , Yeh Ann , Kneen Rachel , Bjornson Bruce , Pergami Paola , Zou Li Ping , Elbers Jorina M. , Abdalla Abdalla , Chan Anthony K. , Farooq Osman , Lim Mingming J. , Carpenter Jessica L. , Pavlakis Steven , Wong Virginia C. , Forsyth Robert
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose—

Among children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), those with arteriopathy have the highest recurrence risk. We hypothesized that arteriopathy progression is an inflammatory process and that inflammatory biomarkers would predict recurrent AIS.

Methods—

In an international study of childhood AIS, we selected cases classified into 1 of the 3 most common childhood AIS causes: definite arteriopathic (n=103), cardioembolic (n=55), or idiopathic (n=78). We measured serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor-α. We used linear regression to compare analyte concentrations across the subtypes and Cox proportional hazards models to determine predictors of recurrent AIS.

Results—

Median age at index stroke was 8.2 years (interquartile range, 3.6–14.3); serum samples were collected at median 5.5 days post stroke (interquartile range, 3–10 days). In adjusted models (including age, infarct volume, and time to sample collection) with idiopathic as the reference, the cardioembolic (but not arteriopathic) group had higher concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and myeloperoxidase, whereas both cardioembolic and arteriopathic groups had higher serum amyloid A. In the arteriopathic (but not cardioembolic) group, higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A predicted recurrent AIS. Children with progressive arteriopathies on follow-up imaging had higher recurrence rates, and a trend toward higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A, compared with children with stable or improved arteriopathies.

Conclusions—

Among children with AIS, specific inflammatory biomarkers correlate with cause and—in the arteriopathy group—risk of stroke recurrence. Interventions targeting inflammation should be considered for pediatric secondary stroke prevention trials.
Determinants in Adolescence of Stroke-Related Hospital Stay Duration in Men
Authors: Bergh Cecilia , Udumyan Ruzan , Appelros Peter , Fall Katja , Montgomery Scott
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose—

Physical and psychological characteristics in adolescence are associated with subsequent stroke risk. Our aim is to investigate their relevance to length of hospital stay and risk of second stroke.

Methods—

Swedish men born between 1952 and 1956 (n=237 879) were followed from 1987 to 2010 using information from population-based national registers. Stress resilience, body mass index, cognitive function, physical fitness, and blood pressure were measured at compulsory military conscription examinations in late adolescence. Joint Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations of these characteristics with long compared with short duration of stroke-related hospital stay and with second stroke compared with first.

Results—

Some 3000 men were diagnosed with nonfatal stroke between ages 31 and 58 years. Low stress resilience, underweight, and higher systolic blood pressure (per 1-mm Hg increase) during adolescence were associated with longer hospital stay (compared with shorter) in ischemic stroke, with adjusted relative hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of 1.46 (1.08–1.89), 1.41 (1.04–1.91), and 1.01 (1.00–1.02), respectively. Elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures during adolescence were associated with longer hospital stay in men with intracerebral hemorrhage: 1.01 (1.00–1.03) and 1.02 (1.00–1.04), respectively. Among both stroke types, obesity in adolescence conferred an increased risk of second stroke: 2.06 (1.21–3.45).

Conclusions—

Some characteristics relevant to length of stroke-related hospital stay and risk of second stroke are already present in adolescence. Early lifestyle influences are of importance not only to stroke risk by middle age but also to recurrence and use of healthcare resources among stroke survivors.
Post-genocide Identity Politics in Rwanda and Bosnia and Herzegovina and their Compatibility with International Human Rights Law
Authors: Kroetz Flávia Saldanha
Published: August 2016

Rwanda and Bosnia and Herzegovina were scenarios of large-scale violence throughout the 1990s, substantiated by the manipulation of public and private discourses that denied diversity. After the conflicts, the states were faced with the challenge of addressing not only the consequences of the conflicts but also the constructed narratives behind them. In the two cases, public policies were implemented to elude further violence and strengthen a peaceful and long-term coexistence. Whether based on the rejection of ethnic identity or on the preservation of ethnic and national divides, both countries adopted policies that undermine basic rights and ignore sections of society excluded from official versions of history. Victimization is still a tool for political interests and remains present in public discourses. Irrespective of governmental policies that intend to surpass ancient animosities, divisionism is still present and underpins politics, religion, and social life in Rwanda and in Bosnia.
Politics of Land Grabbing: The Vested Property Act and the Exploitation of Hindu Communities in Bangladesh
Authors: Panday Pranab Kumar
Published: August 2016

The minority communities have been victimised in most of the countries of the sub-continent. Like other countries of the subcontinent, the minorities in Bangladesh have been subject to exploitation at times. This study explores the dynamics of the enactment of the Vested Properties Act 1974 from the historical perspective, identifying factors influencing the enactment of the Act in Bangladesh. The impact of the Act on the exploitation of the Hindu minority in Bangladesh is assessed. The study finds that as governments played political games with the Act, Hindu communities were systematically robbed of land using its provisions.
Comments on author citations for nomenclatural novelties published in volume 15 of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS)
Authors: PENG YU-LAN , ZHANG LI-BING
Published: August 2016

Zhu (2015) stated that “the correct author citation for nomenclatural novelties in volume 15 of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Wang & Tang 1978) was not adequately explained in the publication”. He then used the information provided in Chen et al. (1993) as external evidence and applied Art. 46.9 of the Melbourne Code (McNeill et al. 2012) to reconsider the authorship citations of the 11 species and one variety. Thus, he (Zhu 2015) suggested to add an “ex” citation of the individual contributors after the original authors “Wang & Tang [Fa-Tsuan Wang (1899–1985) & Tsin Tang (1897–1984)]”.
A revision of the subgenus Eurycercus (Teretifrons) Frey, 1975 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Holarctic with description of a new species from Russian Arctic
Authors: BEKKER EUGENIYA I. , KOTOV ALEXEY A.
Published: August 2016

Our study is aimed at a taxonomic revision of the subgenus Eurycercus (Teretifrons) Frey, 1975 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Eurycercidae) in the Holarctic based on the morphology of parthenogenetic females. Three species were revealed and described: (1) E. glacialis Lilljeborg, 1887 which is relatively widely distributed in the north portion of Atlantic and Pacific regions; (2) E. nigracanthus Hann, 1990 which is apparently present in Labrador and Newfoundland, Cape Breton Island and Nova Scotia and (3) Eurycercus chernovi sp. nov. from Taimyr Peninsula in Siberia, Russia. Main differences of the latter taxon from other species are: (1) more proximal position of sensory seta on the antenna I and (2) surface of cuticle of major head pore forms a low projection in middle. A revision of this subgenus in Arctic Siberia and Canada needs to be continued.
A new small-sized Theloderma (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Laos
Authors: SIVONGXAY NIANE , DAVANKHAM MONEKHAM , PHIMMACHAK SOMPHOUTHONE , PHOUMIXAY KEOCHAY , STUART BRYAN L.
Published: August 2016

A new species of the rhacophorid frog genus Theloderma is described from the forested shoreline of the Nam Lik Reservoir, Vientiane Province, Laos. The new species differs from its congeners by having the combination of males with SVL 17.0–20.6; pearly asperities on dorsum; no vomerine teeth; disc diameter of finger III ca. 40% of tympanum diameter; uniformly gray venter; light brown dorsum with darker brown and black markings; and a uniformly bronze iris with small black reticulations. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data infers that the new species is most closely related to T. lateriticum from northern Vietnam. Evidence for the monophyly of Theloderma is reviewed.
Eidinemacheilus, a new generic name for Noemacheilus smithi Greenwood (Teleostei; Nemacheilidae)
Authors: SEGHERLOO IRAJ HASHEMZADEH , GHAEDRAHMATI NABIALLAH , FREYHOF JÖRG
Published: August 2016

Eidinemacheilus, new genus, is described for the troglomorphic Noemacheilus smithi Greenwood. The sole species of the genus is endemic to an aquifer in the Karun River drainage in the Iranian Zagros Mountains. Eidinemacheilus smithi was identified as a species in Paracobitis as both genera share an elevated dorsal adipose crest, a character state being widespread in nemacheilid loaches. Eidinemacheilus is distinguished from all other genera of Nemacheilidae in the Middle East by having 7+7 branched caudal-fin rays, a strongly reduced head canal system, no pigmentation and no eyes. Eidinemacheilus smithi is also distinguished from other genera in the Middle East by a combination of the following character states: pelvic-fin origin behind of a vertical of the dorsal-fin origin, anus slightly in front of the anal-fin origin and no sexual dimorphism in the length of the paired fins. Eidinemacheilus, as a valid genus, is supported by the analysis of mitochondrial DNA data that shows no close affinity to Paracobitis or other nemacheilid genera from Europe, the Middle East and Western India.
Using Group-Based Trajectory and Growth Mixture Modeling to Identify Classes of Change Trajectories
Authors: Frankfurt Sheila , Frazier Patricia , Syed Moin , Jung Kyoung Rae
Published: August 2016

Many issues of interest to counseling psychologists involve questions regarding how individuals change over time. Although counseling psychologists often examine average levels of change, statistical methods can also identify patterns of change over time by empirically grouping together individuals with similar patterns of change (e.g., group-based trajectory modeling and latent growth mixture modeling). The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of these methods for counseling psychologists. We discuss the conceptual frameworks and assumptions of average-level and person-centered techniques such as group-based trajectory modeling and latent growth mixture modeling. We provide a nontechnical guide for conducting these analyses using data from a study of psychotherapy outcomes in a sample of mental health center clients ( N = 1,050). We discuss caveats associated with these methods, including the potential for overinterpreting nongeneralizable results. Last, we suggest best practices for reporting and interpreting results.
Words don’t come easy: Al Jazeera’s migrant–refugee distinction and the European culture of (mis)trust
Authors: Kyriakides Christopher
Published: August 2016

Al Jazeera’s August 2015 editorial decision to substitute ‘refugee’ for ‘economic migrant’ in its coverage of ‘the Mediterranean Migration Crisis’ provides an opportunity to re-frame the relationship between the politics of race, immigration and media representations of refugees. Situating the broadcaster’s publicly announced rationale for the decision within a critique of the migrant–refugee dichotomy enforced by European public policy, this article, first, demonstrates that the policy couplet mobilizes oppositional yet interdependent identities. The discursive distancing of ‘migrant’ from ‘refugee’ in news content does not dislodge their mutually reinforcing power to define the parameters of ‘inclusion’. Second, the article examines how the policy onus placed on refugees to justify their claim as ‘victims’ reproduces racialized codes of belonging that perpetuate the denial of autonomy. Persons seeking refuge in Europe must sustain an identity of ‘non-threatening victim’ if they are to gain recognition in a securitized culture of (mis)trust. Al Jazeera’s intervention strengthens the media representation of refugees as human beings without choice; yet, the broadcaster’s decision to ‘give voice’ by ‘challenging racism’ does not break the European political consensus on immigration and asylum that positions ‘non-Western’ peoples as victim/pariah, to be ‘saved’ and ‘suspected’. The media–policy–migration nexus ensures that refugee exclusion is always possible.
An examination of Alternative Multidimensional Scaling Techniques
Authors: Papazoglou Sofia , Mylonas Kostas
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study is to compare alternative multidimensional scaling (MDS) methods for constraining the stimuli on the circumference of a circle and on the surface of a sphere. Specifically, the existing MDS-T method for plotting the stimuli on the circumference of a circle is applied, and its extension is proposed for constraining the stimuli on the surface of a sphere. The data analyzed come from previous research and concerns Maslach and Jackson’s burnout syndrome and Holland’s vocational personality types. The configurations for the same data on the circle and the sphere shared similarities but also had differences, that is, the general item-groupings were the same but most of the differences across the two methods resulted in more meaningful interpretations for the three-dimensional configuration. Furthermore, in most cases, items and/or scales could be better discriminated from each other on the sphere.
The accession of Junagadh, 1947–48: Colonial sovereignty, state violence and post-independence India
Authors: Ankit Rakesh
Published: August 2016

By revisiting the events from July 1947 to February 1948 that comprised the accession of the princely state of Junagadh to India, this article gives an insight into the newly independent Dominion’s ‘mobilisation of violence’ in re-fashioning its sovereignty and authority. In doing so, it adds to the growing historical literature on state formation in India that argues that multiple crises of the period 1947–49—post-partition violence in Punjab and Delhi, rebellion, accession and war in Kashmir and the so-called ‘police-action’ in Hyderabad—far from being aberrations to the emerging Indian nation-state were, instead, affairs through which its new sovereignty evolved. The mobilisation of Indian defence forces in the lead up to the accession of Junagadh in November 1947 and the management of violence directed at Junagadh’s Muslims afterwards are yet another instance of the forcible incorporation of Indian princely states and Indian Muslims into the reconstructed post-colonial state. Present in this matrix were also the ‘sub-states’ within Junagadh and the attendant questions of their autonomy, an instrumentalist alarmism about popular will and unrest and a hastily conducted referendum. These aspects of this contested accession have remained overshadowed in the historical record and are here revised to provide an alternative narrative.
Closed Trials and Secret Allegations
Authors: Kelman Daniel
Published: August 2016

The tension between an individual’s right to a fair trial and a state’s prerogative to withhold information where it is in the national interest to do so is an issue which is especially relevant in preventative detention cases. In a string of cases since 2009, lower courts have interpreted the ‘gisting’ requirement imposed by the Grand Chamber in A v United Kingdom in response to this problem. This paper will consider the jurisprudence of the lower courts and will argue that the House of Lords’ judgment in AF No. 3 imposed requirements not only in relation to the amount of information that must be disclosed, but also in relation to what that information must consist of. It will note that two irreconcilable interpretations of A have developed, and argue that one of those approaches is incompatible with AF. Finally, it will discuss the interaction between these decisions and the statutory framework of the JSA, especially ss 6(5) and 7(2), and will consider the consequences of the judicial uncertainty in this area in relation to the return of TPIMs following the CTSA.
Re-formulating the Observable Inadequacy of the Prevalent Approaches Followed by Islamic Jurisprudence and Statute Law in Dealing with Mens Rea
Authors: Ahadi Fatemeh
Published: August 2016

The present paper constitutes an attempt towards questioning the adequacy of the prevalent approached employed by Islamic jurisprudence and statute law in dealing with mens rea and its manifestations. It also provides a kind of reinterpretation of the concept since it attaches itself to the perspective that the concepts employed in criminal law need evolution in order to preserve their function and practicality; the conditions appertaining thereto necessitating adaptability of the concepts with the contextual conditions as well as the principles of the criminal law. Under criminal law, mens rea is referred to as ‘criminal intent or the state of mind indicating culpability which is required by statute as an element of a crime’ (see, for example, Staples v United States, 511 US 600 (1994)). Under Islamic jurisprudence it is defined as ‘rebellion intent’. These conceptualisations of the mens rea may be subject to evolution as well as the other concepts. The present paper provides a reformulation of these definitions wherein mens rea is considered to be ‘the culpable linkage of mind with the forbidden conduct’. Through this reformulation the author replaces the ‘state’ with ‘linkage’ presupposing that the interpretation of the term ‘culpable’, as an independent constituent, shall vary according to the provisions of common sense and the contextual conditions.