bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing Radially Aligned PCL Nanofibers Reinforced With Sulfated Levan and Evaluation of its Biological Activity for Healing Tympanic Membrane Perforations
Authors: Akgul Busra , Gulcan Cansu , Tornaci Selay , Erginer Merve , Toksoy Oner Ebru , Abamor Emrah Sefik , Acar Serap , Allahverdiyev Adil M.
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this study is to construct radially aligned PCL nanofibers reinforced with levan polymer and investigate their in vitro biological activities thoroughly. First Halomonas levan (HL) polysaccharide is hydrolyzed (hHL) and subjected to sulfation to attain Sulfated hydrolyzed Halomonas levan (ShHL)‐based material indicating heparin mimetic properties. Then, optimization studies are carried out to produce coaxially generated radially aligned Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) ‐ShHL nanofibers via electrospinning. The obtained nanofibers are characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X‐Ray (FESEM‐EDX) analysis, and mechanical, contact angle measurement, biodegradability, and swelling tests as well. Afterward, cytotoxicity of artificial tympanic membranes is analyzed by MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl) ‐2,5 Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) test, and their impacts on cell proliferation, cellular adhesion, wound healing processes are explored. Furthermore, an additional FESEM imaging is performed to manifest the interactions between fibroblasts and nanofibers. According to analytical measurements it is detected that PCL‐ShHL nanofibers i) are smaller in fiber diameter, ii) are more biodegradable, iii) are more hydrophilic, and iv) demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to PCL nanofibers. Moreover, it is also deciphered that PCL‐ShHL nanofibers strongly elevated cellular adhesion, proliferation, and in vitro wound healing features compared to PCL nanofibers. According to obtained results it is assumed that newly synthetized levan and PCL mediated nanofibers are very encouraging for healing tympanic membrane perforations.
Poly (Butylene Adipate‐Co‐Terephthalate) (PBAT) – Based Biocomposites: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Itabana Blessing E. , Mohanty Amar K. , Dick Phil , Sain Mohini , Bali Atul , Tiessen Mike , Lim Loong‐Tak , Misra Manjusri
Published: October 2024

With the issue of plastic waste persisting and the need for more sustainable solutions to the ever‐increasing demand for lightweight and durable plastic products, this review has become imminent and compelling. Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with exceptional film‐forming ability resembling those of low‐density polyethylene. PBAT has a huge advantage for packaging applications due to its remarkably high elongation at break, giving it a good processing window for its application in packaging. However, certain defiant intrinsic properties stand in the way of its full commercialization. The development of blends and biocomposites of PBAT has, therefore, become imperative for complementing its properties and producing a superior material. This paper focuses on the recent developments in preparing PBAT‐based blends and biocomposites with superior mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties and, most importantly, has also investigated how the development of these blends and biocomposites impacts the biodegradation rate of PBAT. It also highlights the possible synthesis of bio‐based PBAT and the commercialization, market trends, and prospects of PBAT‐based materials for flexible, rigid packaging, and other industrial applications compared with biodegradable alternatives.
Diffusion Behavior of Organic Solvents in Graphene Oxide/Nano Silica Hybrid Natural Rubber Latex Nanocomposite: Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Velayudhan Prajitha , Paduvilan Jibin Keloth , VK Abitha , Sidhardhan Sisanth Krishnagehum , Thomas Sabu
Published: October 2024

This study explores the impact of a graphene oxide (GO)/nano silica (NS) hybrid (GO/NS) filler on the diffusion characteristics of natural rubber (NR) composites when exposed to toluene, xylene, and hexane solvents. The lowest solvent uptake is observed for NR GO/NS 3 (3 phr), which is attributed to forming a robust filler network within the composite. The calculation of crosslink density using the Flory‐Rehner equation reveals significantly higher values for NR GO/NS 3, indicating good crosslinking density in the presence of the hybrid filler. Furthermore, molecular mass between crosslinks (Mc) is calculated, demonstrating a favorable fit with the Affine model. The investigation extends to theoretical modeling, where the Korsemeyer–Peppas and Peppas–Sahlin models are employed to predict solvent uptake behavior. Strikingly, the experimental values exhibit a strong alignment with the Peppas–Sahlin model. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the diffusion behavior of graphene oxide/nano silica (GO/NS) hybrid‐reinforced natural rubber latex in organic solvents, highlighting potential applications in areas such as solvent‐resistant coatings, barrier materials for chemical storage, and enhanced performance in protective gloves and seals used in harsh chemical environments.
Filtration Performance of Biodegradable Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Sub‐Micron Particles: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keyvani Sepideh , Golbabaei Farideh , Neisiany Rasoul Esmaeely , Das Oisik , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Kalantary Saba
Published: October 2024

Nanofiber membranes receive considerable interest recently because of their distinctive structural features, facile preparation, as well as high filtering efficiency. Due to ever‐increasing air pollution, membranes made from biodegradable materials can play a crucial part in providing purified air with minimum concerns of environmental issues after the membrane's end of service life. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the performance of biodegradable electrospun nanofibrous membrane filters toward air sub‐micron particles. To identify relevant studies, a systematic search is carried out in major scientific search engines including PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science. Data extraction is used to collect the necessary information on the membranes' structural properties, as well as filtration performance metrics such as efficiency, pressure drop, and quality factor. Among the electrospun membranes derived from biodegradable polymers, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based electrospun membranes are more effective in filtration efficiency in capturing sub‐micron particles. The results highlight that these types of membranes are effective in filtration with low energy consumption, making them more apt for air purification. The use of such membranes can supply both high filtering performance and protection of the environment.
A Facile Method in Fabricating Flexible Conductive Composites with Large‐Size Segregated Structures for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: He Liang , Chen Yang , Shao Xiaoming , Yao Qiyuan , Feng Ding , Yin Lijie , Wang Wencai
Published: October 2024

To resist the plastic deformation of polymer particles during hot press molding, high molecular weights, and moduli are required for composites with segregated structures, thus the prepared composites exhibit poor flexibility. Also, larger particle sizes can bring lower percolation thresholds while the ensuing greater deformation destroys the conductive network. Moreover, segregated composites still face preparation complexities. Herein, a facile method for developing flexible composites with large‐size segregated structures is proposed. First, silver‐coated polydopamine‐modified reduced graphene oxide (Ag@PrGO), as conductive fillers, is prepared by electroless plating. Next, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐coated polyolefin elastomer (POE) beads are put into a bag containing the fillers. After a simple shaking, the fillers are adhered to the POE surface as the cohesive property of cured PDMS. Finally, flexible composites with large‐size segregated structures are obtained via hot pressing. Benefiting from the 2D structure of the Ag@PrGO and the ability to slip, the conductive networks possess adaptable deformability. The prepared composites exhibit excellent electrical conductivity (203.55 S cm−1) at filler volume fractions of 3.4 vol%. The EMI shielding effectiveness can reach 70 dB in the X‐band at a thickness of 1.9 mm and remains stable after bending and rubbing damage. This work paves the way for constructing large‐size segregated structures.
Fabrication of Zinc(II) Mediated Poly(Acrylamide Co Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel with Thixotropic and Tribological Properties
Authors: Nageshwar Paresh , Wajge Suraj W. , Dhakar Gopal Lal , Thakre Avinash A. , Tripathi Swapnil , Singh Shiva , Maji Pradip K. , Das Chayan
Published: October 2024

Hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications, such as replacing natural articular cartilage, owing to their unique viscoelastic properties. However, sufficient mechanical properties, self‐healing ability, and adhesive nature are some issues limiting its application window. Here, a facile one‐pot synthesis of dual cross‐linked zinc‐coordinated copolymer hydrogels is presented. The network structure of the copolymer hydrogels is strategically developed via dynamic and reversible physical cross‐linking by Zn2+ ions and simultaneous covalent cross‐linking through a covalent cross‐linker viz methylene bisacrylamide. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis have thoroughly characterized the structure of the synthesized hydrogels. The introduction of Zn2+ offers dynamic and reversible complexation, leading to excellent mechanical properties and self‐healing features. Moreover, the percentage of the equilibrium water content of zinc‐coordinated copolymer hydrogel samples is comparable with that of natural articular cartilage. The Shear sliding study shows the dominant adhesive behavior of HGel‐Zn(NO3)2 sample compared to the parent HGel sample. This facile dual cross‐linked hydrogel, HGel‐Zn(NO3)2, with a combination of good mechanical properties, efficient self‐recovery, adequate water content, and favorable adhesive nature, seems very promising to mimic the articular cartilage.
Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly for the Synthesis of Polyisoprene‐Polystyrene Block and Random Copolymers: Towards High Molecular Weight and Conversion
Authors: Moradi Maryam , Georgopanos Prokopios
Published: October 2024

In this study, reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐ transfer (RAFT) polymerization combined with the polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) technique is used to synthesize polyisoprene (PI)‐based block and random copolymers with polystyrene (PS), aiming for high molecular weight and monomer conversion. The focus is to optimize the polymerization conditions to overcome the existing challenge of cross‐linking and Diels‐Alder reactions during the polymerization of isoprene, which typically constrain the reaction conversion and molecular weight of the final polymers. Using a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) macroRAFT agent synthesized in ethanol at 80 °C, random and block copolymers of PS‐PI with a target molecular weight of 50 000 g mole−1 and a high monomer conversion of ≈80% are achieved under optimized conditions in water‐emulsion at 35 °C. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) verified the successful synthesis as well as the high content of 1,4 microstructure in polyisoprene. The thermal analysis via differential scanning calorimetry indicated distinct glass transitions for the microphase‐separated PI‐PS block copolymer, while a single transition for PI‐PS random copolymer, indicating no microphase separation. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering analysis together with transmission electron microscopy provided further insight into the self‐assembled emulsion nanoparticles of the polymers indicating a particle size in the range 70 to 130 nm.
Glaser‐Hay‐Coupled Random Copolymers Containing Boron Difluoride Formazanate Dyes
Authors: Cotterill Erin L. , Jaberi Yasmeen , Dhindsa Jasveer S. , Boyle Paul D. , Gilroy Joe B.
Published: October 2024

𝜋‐Conjugated polymers, including those based on acetylenic repeating units, are an exciting class of materials that offer narrow optical band gaps and tunable frontier orbital energies that lead to their use in organic electronics. This work expands the knowledge of structure‐property relationships of acetylenic polymers through the synthesis and characterization of a series of Glaser‐Hay‐coupled model compounds and random copolymers comprised of BF2 formazanate, fluorene, and/or bis(alkoxy)benzene units. The model compounds and copolymers synthesized exhibit redox activity associated with the reversible reduction of the BF2 formazanate units and the irreversible reduction of the fluorene and bis(alkoxy)benzene units. The copolymers exhibit absorption profiles characteristic or intermediate of their respective models and homopolymers, leading to broad absorption of UV–vis light. The alkyne linkages of the model compounds and copolymers are reacted with [Co2(CO)8] to convert the alkyne functional groups into cobalt carbonyl clusters. This transformation leads to blue‐shifted absorption profiles due to a decrease in π‐conjugation, demonstrating the ability to tune the properties of these materials through post‐polymerization functionalization. The redox activity and broad absorption bands of the polymers reported make them excellent candidates for use in photovoltaics and other light‐harvesting applications.
Existence and k‐Mittag–Leffler–Ulam stabilities of a Volterra integro‐differential equation via (k,ϱ)‐Hilfer fractional derivative
Authors: Lemnaouar M. R.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, and analysis of two types of
‐Mittag–Leffler–Ulam stabilities in a Volterra integro‐differential fractional differential equation that involves the
‐Hilfer operator. We utilize the Banach fixed‐point theorem to establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions. We examine the stability properties, including the
‐Mittag–Leffler–Ulam–Hyers
‐
and k‐Mittag–Leffler–Ulam–Hyers–Rassias
‐
stabilities, by employing the Grönwall–Bellman inequality. Additionally, we provide an example to confirm our findings.
On the acceptance, commissioning, and quality assurance of electron FLASH units
Authors: Palmiero Allison , Liu Kevin , Colnot Julie , Chopra Nitish , Neill Denae , Connell Luke , Velasquez Brett , Koong Albert C. , Lin Steven H. , Balter Peter , Tailor Ramesh , Robert Charlotte , Germond Jean‐François , Gonçalves Jorge Patrik , Geyer Reiner , Beddar Sam , Moeckli Raphael , Schüler Emil
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose

FLASH or ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) radiation therapy (RT) has gained attention in recent years for its ability to spare normal tissues relative to conventional dose rate (CDR) RT in various preclinical trials. However, clinical implementation of this promising treatment option has been limited because of the lack of availability of accelerators capable of delivering UHDR RT. Commercial options are finally reaching the market that produce electron beams with average dose rates of up to 1000 Gy/s. We established a framework for the acceptance, commissioning, and periodic quality assurance (QA) of electron FLASH units and present an example of commissioning.

Methods

A protocol for acceptance, commissioning, and QA of UHDR linear accelerators was established by combining and adapting standards and professional recommendations for standard linear accelerators based on the experience with UHDR at four clinical centers that use different UHDR devices. Non‐standard dosimetric beam parameters considered included pulse width, pulse repetition frequency, dose per pulse, and instantaneous dose rate, together with recommendations on how to acquire these measurements.

Results

The 6‐ and 9‐MeV beams of an UHDR electron device were commissioned by using this developed protocol. Measurements were acquired with a combination of ion chambers, beam current transformers (BCTs), and dose‐rate–independent passive dosimeters. The unit was calibrated according to the concept of redundant dosimetry using a reference setup.

Conclusion

This study provides detailed recommendations for the acceptance testing, commissioning, and routine QA of low‐energy electron UHDR linear accelerators. The proposed framework is not limited to any specific unit, making it applicable to all existing eFLASH units in the market. Through practical insights and theoretical discourse, this document establishes a benchmark for the commissioning of UHDR devices for clinical use.
Design and Control of Polymeric Network Architectures Based on Network Dimension Theory
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka
Published: October 2024

A new design policy to synthesize nanogel molecules having desired dimensions under unperturbed state is proposed. Miniemulsion copolymerization of vinyl and divinyl monomers, both conventional free‐radical polymerization and ideal living polymerization, is used to illustrate the method. For the network formation dynamics, the newly proposed model that takes into account the size and structure dependence of cross‐linking/cyclization reactions is employed. The master curve relationship that indicates the maximum average dimensions for randomly cross‐linked networks is used as a guideline and the network dimension is controlled by the magnitude of network maturity index NMI, which is the average number of cycle rank per primary chain. By appropriately sizing the NMI, it is possible to synthesize network polymers with dimensions equal to or greater than the maximum dimensions achievable with a homogeneous, randomly cross‐linked network polymer of the same cycle rank and molecular weight. The current strategy of designing and controlling 3D size is applicable regardless of the reaction mechanism of network formation and will also be applied to the synthesis of macro‐gels.
Sodium MRI of the skin using a surface coil to investigate and reduce signal loss and bias
Authors: Zhu Jingxuan , Beaulieu Christian , Damji Karim , Stobbe Rob
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose was to improve sodium MRI of human skin using a surface coil and twisted projection imaging with smaller, reshaped voxels.

Methods

Calf skin sodium images were acquired in 14 healthy adults using twisted projection imaging with short TE ˜ 0.1 ms, first with a volume coil and voxels (1.5 × 1.5 × 15 = 34 mm3) reflecting the widely adopted skin imaging protocol (VolPencil). A 5‐cm‐diameter surface coil then facilitated 5× smaller (0.8 × 0.8 × 10 = 6.4 mm3) voxels with similar signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the same 12‐min scan time (SurfPencil). “Pencil‐shaped” voxels were then replaced with “pancake‐shaped” (0.4 × 4 × 4 = 6.4 mm3) voxels, matching the anatomy of pressed flat skin (SurfPancake). Surface coil B1 was investigated with the novel use of spin‐3/2 simulation. Protocol modifications were tested for signal increase (reduced loss) and correlation with (bias by) skin thickness.

Results

Higher resolution SurfPencil yielded 44% ± 16% greater skin sodium image intensity than VolPencil, whereas SurfPancake yielded an additional 20% ± 9% (p < 1e−8), reflecting reduced signal loss. Over the 1.0 to 1.8 mm skin thickness across participants, sodium intensity significantly increased 56% ± 19% and 44% ± 12% for VolPencil and SurfPencil, respectively (p < 0.003), but not for SurfPancake, reflecting reduced bias. Imaging yielded skin sodium concentration of 34 ± 5 mM for SurfPancake. This is greater than the ˜20 mM measures from the widely adopted protocol, but simulation (matching experimental trends) identified a remaining 64% signal loss; compensation yields 95 ± 15 mM.

Conclusion

Surface coil imaging and “pancake” voxel reshaping increased skin sodium intensity and reduced bias by skin thickness. Simulated loss compensation yields skin sodium concentration similar to that measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
High dynamic range B1+ mapping for the evaluation of parallel transmit arrays
Authors: Felder Jörg , Zimmermann Markus , Shah N. Jon
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Demonstration of a high dynamic‐range and high SNR method for acquiring absolute maps from a combination of gradient echo and actual‐flip‐angle measurements that is especially useful during the construction of parallel‐transmit arrays.

Methods

Low flip angle gradient echo images, acquired when transmitting with each channel individually, are used to compute relative maps. Instead of computing these in a conventional manner, the equivalence of the problem to the ESPIRiT parallel image reconstruction method is used to compute maps with a higher SNR. Absolute maps are generated by calibration against a single actual flip‐angle acquisition when transmitting on all channels simultaneously.

Results

Depending on the number of receiver channels and the location of the receive elements with respect to the subject being investigated, moderate to high gains in the SNR of the acquired maps can be achieved.

Conclusions

The proposed method is especially suited for the acquisition of maps during the construction of transceiver arrays. Compared to the original method, maps with higher SNR can be computed without the need for additional measurements, and maps can also be generated using previously acquired data. Furthermore, easy adoption and fast estimation of receiver channels is possible because of existing highly optimized open‐source implementations of ESPIRiT, such as in the BART toolbox.
3D distortion‐free, reduced FOV diffusion‐prepared gradient echo at 3 T
Authors: McElroy Sarah , Tomi‐Tricot Raphael , Cleary Jon , Tan Hsern Ern Ivan , Kinsella Shawna , Jeljeli Sami , Goh Vicky , Neji Radhouene
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To develop a 3D distortion‐free reduced‐FOV diffusion‐prepared gradient‐echo sequence and demonstrate its application in vivo for diffusion imaging of the spinal cord in healthy volunteers.

Methods

A 3D multi‐shot reduced‐FOV diffusion‐prepared gradient‐echo acquisition is achieved using a slice‐selective tip‐down pulse in the phase‐encoding direction in the diffusion preparation, combined with magnitude stabilizers, centric k‐space encoding, and 2D phase navigators to correct for intershot phase errors. The accuracy of the ADC values obtained using the proposed approach was evaluated in a diffusion phantom and compared to the tabulated reference ADC values and to the ADC values obtained using a standard spin echo diffusion‐weighted single‐shot EPI sequence (DW‐SS‐EPI). Five healthy volunteers were scanned at 3 T using the proposed sequence, DW‐SS‐EPI, and a clinical diffusion‐weighted multi‐shot readout‐segmented EPI sequence (RESOLVE) for cervical spinal cord imaging. Image quality, perceived SNR, and image distortion were assessed by two expert radiologists. ADC maps were calculated, and ADC values obtained with the proposed sequence were compared to those obtained using DW‐SS‐EPI and RESOLVE.

Results

Consistent ADC estimates were measured in the diffusion phantom with the proposed sequence and the conventional DW‐SS‐EPI sequence, and the ADC values were in close agreement with the reference values provided by the manufacturer of the phantom. In vivo, the proposed sequence demonstrated improved image quality, improved perceived SNR, and reduced perceived distortion compared to DW‐SS‐EPI, whereas all measures were comparable against RESOLVE. There were no significant differences in ADC values estimated in vivo for each of the sequences.

Conclusion

3D distortion‐free diffusion‐prepared imaging can be achieved using the proposed sequence.
Deep learning‐based whole‐brain B1+‐mapping at 7T
Authors: Krueger Felix , Aigner Christoph Stefan , Lutz Max , Riemann Layla Tabea , Degenhardt Katja , Hadjikiriakos Kimon , Zimmermann Felix Frederik , Hammernik Kerstin , Schulz‐Menger Jeanette , Schaeffter Tobias , Schmitter Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the feasibility of using complex‐valued neural networks (NNs) to estimate quantitative transmit magnetic RF field (B1+) maps from multi‐slice localizer scans with different slice orientations in the human head at 7T, aiming to accelerate subject‐specific B1+‐calibration using parallel transmission (pTx).

Methods

Datasets containing channel‐wise B1+‐maps and corresponding multi‐slice localizers were acquired in axial, sagittal, and coronal orientation in 15 healthy subjects utilizing an eight‐channel pTx transceiver head coil. Training included five‐fold cross‐validation for four network configurations: used transversal, sagittal, coronal data, and was trained on all slice orientations. The resulting maps were compared to B1+‐reference scans using different quality metrics. The proposed network was applied in‐vivo at 7T in two unseen test subjects using dynamic kt‐point pulses.

Results

Predicted B1+‐maps demonstrated a high similarity with measured B1+‐maps across multiple orientations. The estimation matched the reference with a mean relative error in the magnitude of (2.70 ± 2.86)% and mean absolute phase difference of (6.70 ± 1.99)° for transversal, (1.82 ± 0.69)% and (4.25 ± 1.62)° for sagittal (), as well as (1.33 ± 0.27)% and (2.66 ± 0.60)° for coronal slices () considering brain tissue. trained on all orientations enables a robust prediction of B1+‐maps across different orientations. Achieving a homogenous excitation over the whole brain for an in‐vivo application displayed the approach's feasibility.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing complex‐valued NNs to estimate multi‐slice B1+‐maps in different slice orientations from localizer scans in the human brain at 7T.
Age and length characteristics of female and male Walleye broodstock collected at a spawning operation
Authors: Katt Jordan D. , Engel Alexander D. , Koupal Keith D. , Schoenebeck Casey W.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The need to augment of Walleye Sander vitreus populations may increase as these populations face challenges of changing habitats and climatic conditions. Since little has been published outside of agency reports on wild broodstocks, the intent of this study was to describe sex-specific Walleye spawning participation from a Great Plains broodstock operation. Specific objectives will assess standardization to collect target number of broodstock effort, catch per unit effort, and length and age participation of female and male broodstock.

Methods

Walleye were collected at Sherman Reservoir, Nebraska, during April spawn collection operations from 2015 to 2019. Gill nets were used to collect female Walleye, and boat electrofishing was used to collect male Walleye. Catch per effort was calculated for each sex, fish were measured to nearest 1-cm length-group, and a dorsal spine was taken from a subset of fish per length-group. Mean lengths and ages were calculated for each year of the study. Data were combined for all years of the project to display percent contribution by length and age.

Result

The amount of effort to capture 100 female and male Walleye varied by 4× and 2.5×, respectively, over the 5 years of sampling. Mean lengths and ages (±SE) of female (65 ± 1 cm; 10.4 ± 0.1 years) and male (43 ± 1 cm; 6.3 ± 0.1 years) Walleye collected were consistent during this study. The female Walleye collected represented 14 different ages, but ages 9–12 comprised 66% of all captured broodstock. The collected male Walleye also demonstrated age-compressed spawning tendencies, with ages 4–7 accounting for 74% of collected individuals that represented 13 different ages.

Conclusion

These results can define the anticipated variability in catch that can be expected at broodstock collection operations along with connection to specific lengths and ages of Walleye. Additionally, recognition that female and male Walleye broodstock contributions are consistently coming from four specific ages that are not the same year-classes may allow spawning operation staff to anticipate brood availability and ultimately improve the planning efficiency of these operations.
Assessing Blue Catfish population dynamics across varying introduction timelines in Georgia
Authors: Davis Victoria D. , Sakaris Peter C. , Bonvechio Timothy F. , Hamel Martin J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Understanding the dynamic rate functions of introduced fish populations is essential in guiding management strategies. Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus population dynamics have been well studied; however, there is a gap in knowledge from populations that have been introduced into novel systems.

Methods

Blue Catfish were collected from the Altamaha, Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Satilla rivers in Georgia. Age estimates were obtained through otolith analysis. Multimodel growth analysis was used to describe growth patterns, and early life growth was modeled with linear regression. Instantaneous mortality of each population was estimated and compared by using a generalized linear model approach.

Result

The four introduced Blue Catfish populations exhibited rapid growth and low mortality rates during establishment; however, we found that populations with earlier introduction histories generally had slower growth rates and lower mortality. The Satilla River population is comparatively the most recently introduced population (first discovered in 2011) that exhibited the fastest growth and highest mortality.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that Blue Catfish in our study systems are in an intermediate stage of invasion and have not yet reached an equilibrium state. As density continues to increase in these river systems, we expect a decline in growth rates, delayed sexual maturation, and a greater observed maximum age. However, additional monitoring is needed to identify how population dynamics and reproductive characteristics vary over time.
Optogenetics and Its Transformative Role in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Camcıoglu Emine , Mohammadrezaloo Deniz Ghasemi , Dinc Bircan
Published: October 2024

Optogenetics, a revolutionary technique leveraging light stimulation for precise cellular control, holds immense potential in regenerative medicine. Offering unparalleled spatial and temporal accuracy, the entrance of optogenetics into tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) empowers researchers to modify genes precisely and reversibly, control signal pathways and antibodies, as well as alter biomaterial properties. Optogenetics provides unprecedented control in the manipulation of physiological regeneration, replication of intricate developmental processes, and tissue engineering in a laboratory setting. Although further investigation is required for the safe and feasible injection of optogenetic systems into human bodies, the use of optogenetics has already led to a great amount of research on several tissues and systems. It has found diverse applications in TERM of skin and connective tissue, endothelium, bone, cartilage, and muscle; with researchers leveraging optogenetics for precise control over the in vitro or in vivo production of these tissues, the investigation of critical proteins and pathways, the creation of light‐controlled wound coverings and even as a tool for directional tissue growth in living subjects. Optogenetics emerges as a transformative force in shaping the future of medical science, demonstrating a pivotal role in advancing regenerative medicine and paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.
Validation of the Spanish Version of the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk Scale (NGAR) in Nonclinical Settings
Authors: Alonso‐Martínez Laura , Santos José Carlos , Cunha Madalena , Puente‐Alcaraz Jesús
Published: October 2024

Aim

To validate the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) in Spanish for an early detection identification of the risk of suicide.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey design was used for this work through face‐to‐face clinical interviews with each participant.

Method

Following EQUATOR TRIPOD checklist, the index was translated and administered to a sample of 30 mental health experts and 151 university students. To examine the psychometric properties of the NGASR, the questionnaires also included other standardised scales such as BDI, SBQ and SEEQ. The research was conducted between 2022 and 2023.

Results

The content validity index‐scale (CVI‐S) was 81% and the NGASR presented high reliability with a Kuder–Richardson coefficient of 0.83. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) returned a six‐factor structure for the NGASR items. The results showed that 21.7% of the students assessed had an intermediate to very high suicide risk. This study also revealed that people with mental health problems and depression had a higher risk of suicide.

Public Contribution

Beyond the sociolinguistic Spanish validation of the scale, it should be noted that it is carried out on a young population in a nonclinical environment, something that many authors have been requesting in their previous validations. The NGASR is a useful prevention tool in university educational settings.
A life course study of the Beixin culture residents from the Neolithic site of Xiaheqiadong, Shandong Province, China
Authors: Zeng Wen , He Li , Cheng Wenhui , Wang Hua , Zhang Quan , Song Meiling , Yang Zhangqiaochu , Zhao Yongsheng
Published: October 2024

The Xiaheqiadong site located in Zhangqiu district, Jinan city, Shandong province, China, was excavated in 2016 by the Jinan Institute of Archaeology, which revealed six single burials dating to the Beixin culture period (ca. 5,300–4,500 BC to ca. 4,100–3,600 BC). This paper used bioarchaeological methods to study the human skeletal remains to reconstruct the life course of the residents of the Beixin culture at the Xiaheqiadong site, focusing on stable isotope analysis, evaluation of stress, tooth ablation, and intentional skull modification. Based on stable isotope analysis of carbon, it is evident that the dietary structure of the ancient residents of Xiaheqiadong was mainly dependent on C4 plants or animals that ate mainly C4 plants. The stable isotope analysis of nitrogen indicated that the ancient residents of the Xiaheqiadong site exhibited a relatively sufficient consumption of animal protein. Furthermore, this result also reveals that a subsistence economic model was established consisting of farming, gathering, and hunting. Observations of the stress indicators (including cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and linear enamel hypoplasia) revealed that they experienced poor health conditions and were under high levels of stress during infancy and early childhood. However, this situation improved with increasing age, suggesting that residents from the Xiaheqiadong site had the capacity to withstand severe living conditions and adapt after experiencing stress events. The tooth ablation and occipital modification cases from the Xiaheqiadong site are the earliest cases among the individuals with accurate dating results found in China.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic α‐Fe2O3/CuO/CuFe2O4 Nanocomposite for Multifunctional Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Sahara Fahmida Akter , Sultana Mst. Sabiha , Amin Md. Khairul , Shamim Al Mamun Muhammad , Dhar Palash Kumar , Dutta Sagar Kumar
Published: October 2024

This study demonstrates a novel nanostructured drug delivery system utilizing α‐Fe2O3/CuO/CuFe2O4 ternary nanocomposite for effective drug transport in sick tissues. Centella Asiatica plant extract was employed to synthesize the Fe2O3/CuO/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite via sol‐gel auto combustion technique. The structural and morphological characteristics of the nanocomposite were investigated by XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, EDX, and VSM for magnetic properties. The XRD analysis demonstrates the successful synthesis of Fe2O3/CuO/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite with an average crystallite size of 18.393 nm. The antioxidant and antifungal capabilities of this nanocomposite were assessed for its biological activity. A notable inhibitory zone was observed when tested against the Alternaria spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana fungi. An IC50 value of 109.88 μg/ml was found in the DPPH test, indicating that the nanocomposite exhibited remarkable antioxidant characteristics. Subsequently, metronidazole was encapsulated with a success rate of 55.53 % at pH 1.2, while at pH 7.4 it gained 57.83 %. The drug release of nanocomposite at pH 1.2 after 330 min was 43.41 % and at pH 7.4 after 300 min it was 52.3 %. The results indicate its potential as an excellent candidate for drug delivery. Furthermore, pH was found to be an effective catalyst in the drug loading and release processes.
Fiber Alignment's Effect on the Properties of Hybrid Glass/Flax Fiber‐Reinforced Epoxy Composite Laminates
Authors: Meravi Mahesh Kumar , Panchore Vijay
Published: October 2024

In this study, glass fiber and flax fiber reinforced with epoxy and ZnO nanofiller were used to create composites utilizing the hand layup method. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel hybrid polymer‐matrix composite that can be employed in various application areas such as aerospace, sports, medical equipment, railways, etc. The fabricated composite was made with epoxy as a matrix material reinforced with nano‐ZnO, glass fiber, and flax fiber. Six fiber layers with varying fiber orientations were inserted into the matrix in a specific stacking order. The results show the maximum tensile, flexural, impact, and ILSS as the values of 264.74 MPa, 492.12 MPa, 595.72 J/m, and 50.05, respectively. Along with the mechanical properties, Physical characterization such as density, void content, thickness swelling, moisture content, and water absorption tests were conducted. FE‐SEM test was conducted to check the uniformity of nanoparticles in the matrix material and the breakdown of fibers.
Influences of tea consumption on self‐rated health and life satisfaction among older adults: Evidence from the CLHLS
Authors: Zou Min , Sun Changlong , Yang Mengxue , Li Changjiang , Wang Shuping , Zheng Dewei , Wang Jiali , Yu Lirong , Sun Lina , Wang Yanyu , Chen Huashuai , Zeng Yi
Published: October 2024

The benefits of tea consumption as a special diet for health and life satisfaction have attracted considerable attention; however, it is not clear whether the effect of tea consumption on self‐rated health (SRH) and self‐rated life satisfaction (SRL) is equal among all types of tea, and it is unclear whether these associations are impacted by gender and age in older adults. This study aimed to examine the associations between tea consumption, SRH and SRL in older adults and to explore the role of gender and age. Participants aged 65–105 (N = 78,345) were interviewed in the years 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2018 in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS). Generalized estimation equations (GEE) with the identity link function were adopted to estimate the cross‐sectional associations of tea consumption with SRH and SRL. GEE with the logic link function were used to explore the longitudinal associations of tea consumption with SRH decline and SRL decline. Drinking tea at present, especially scented tea, was significantly associated with better SRH and SRL for older adults. Male participants benefited more from tea consumption than females, and the protective effect of green tea consumption on improving SRH and SRL in males was evident. Older adults aged 90–105 with current tea consumption daily had better SRH and reduced risk of SRL decline.
Psychometric evaluation of the Geneva Sentimentality Scale in Chinese college students
Authors: Wu Ting , Wu Nan Nan , Bi Chong Zeng , Yin Yan Wei , Chen Xiao Rong , Yue Tong
Published: October 2024

The Geneva Sentimentality Scale (GSS) measures the experience of being moved and its effects on behavior. Despite the prevalence of this emotional response, it has not been extensively studied in China. This study aims to adapt and revise the GSS for Chinese college students to assess its cross‐cultural consistency. A sample of 1328 students aged 18–24 years participated in the study, with 127 randomly selected for retesting after an 8‐week interval. Exploratory factor analysis reveals that the Chinese version of the GSS includes three factors (emotional labels, tears of joy, and warm feelings in the chest), with a total of nine items. The internal consistency coefficients for the three factors and the overall scale are high, and the total score remains stable over time. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) shows that the three‐factor model has a good fit. Multigroup CFA indicates measurement invariance across genders. The results also demonstrate good discriminant and convergent validity for the scale. Overall, the GSS is a reliable and flexible tool for assessing the emotion of being moved among Chinese college students.
Picophytoplankton prevail year‐round in the Elbe estuary
Authors: Martens Nele , Biederbick Johanna , Schaum C.‐Elisa
Published: October 2024

Picophytoplankton are important primary producers, but not always adequately recognized, for example, due to methodological limitations. In this study, we combined flow cytometry and metabarcoding to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of picophytoplankton abundance and community composition in the Elbe estuary. Due to the mixing of freshwater and seawater and the tidal currents this ecosystem is characterized by typical estuarine features such as salinity gradients and high turbidity. Picophytoplankton (mostly picoeukaryotes such as Mychonastes and Minidiscus) contributed on average 70% (SD = 14%) to the total phytoplankton counts. In summer picocyanobacteria (e.g., Synechococcus) played a more significant role. The contributions of picophytoplankton to the total phytoplankton were particularly high from summer to winter as well as in the mid estuary. However, at salinities of around 10 PSU in the mixing area of freshwater and seawater, the proportion of picophytoplankton was comparably low (average 49%, SD = 13%). Our results indicate that picophytoplankton prevail in the Elbe estuary year‐round with respect to cell counts. Picophytoplankton could occupy important niche positions to maintain primary production under extreme conditions where larger phytoplankton might struggle (e.g., at high or low temperature, high turbidity, and in areas with high grazing pressure) and also benefit from high nutrient availability here. However, we did not find evidence that they played a particularly significant role at the salinity interface. Our study highlights the importance of including picophytoplankton when assessing estuarine phytoplankton as has been suggested for other ecosystems such as oceans.
Expression and characterization of pantothenate energy‐coupling factor transporters as an anti‐infective drug target
Authors: Shams Atanaz , Bousis Spyridon , Diamanti Eleonora , Elgaher Walid A. M. , Zeimetz Lucie , Haupenthal Jörg , Slotboom Dirk J. , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the potential of energy‐coupling factor (ECF) transporters as promising anti‐infective targets to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). ECF transporters, a subclass of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, facilitate the uptake of B‐vitamins across bacterial membranes by utilizing ATP as an energy source. Vitamins are essential cofactors for bacterial metabolism and growth, and they can either be synthesized de novo or absorbed from the environment. These transporters are considered promising drug targets, underscoring the need for further research to harness their medicinal potential and develop selective inhibitors that block vitamin uptake in bacteria. Herein, we focused on the ECF transporter for pantothenate (vitamin B5) from Streptococcus pneumoniae and the ECF transporter for folate (vitamin B9) from Lactobacillus delbrueckii as a reference protein. We also included the energizing module for pantothenate along with both full transporter complexes. Initially, we transformed and purified the transporters, followed by an assessment of their thermal stability under various buffer composition, pH, and salt concentrations. Additionally, we monitored the melting temperature over six days to confirm their stability for further assays. We then measured the binding affinities of six ECF inhibitors using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and evaluated their inhibitory effects through in vitro assays, including bacterial growth assay, whole‐cell uptake, and transport‐activity assays. After determining cytotoxicity in two human cell lines, we established an in vivo infection model using Galleria mellonella larvae to further validate our findings.
Treatment Effect Measures Under Nonproportional Hazards
Authors: Jackson Dan , Sweeting Michael , Baker Rose
Published: October 2024

‘Treatment effect measures under nonproportional hazards’ by Snapinn et al. (Pharmaceutical Statistics, 22, 181–193) recently proposed some novel estimates of treatment effect for time‐to‐event endpoints. In this note, we clarify three points related to the proposed estimators that help to elucidate their properties. We hope that their work, and this commentary, will motivate further discussion concerning treatment effect measures that do not require the proportional hazards assumption.
Novel Perspectives in the Management of Colorectal Cancer: Mechanistic Investigations Into the Reversal of Drug Resistance via Active Constituents Derived From Herbal Medicine
Authors: Zeng Mingtang , Wang Yao , Tao Xuelin , Fan Tianfei , Yin Xi , Shen Chao , Wang Xueyan
Published: October 2024

The high incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer have become a significant global health burden. Chemotherapy has been the traditional treatment for colorectal cancer and has demonstrated promising antitumor effects, leading to significant improvements in patient survival. However, the development of chemoresistance poses a major challenge during chemotherapy in colorectal cancer, significantly impeding treatment efficacy and affecting patient prognosis. Despite the development of a variety of novel anticolorectal cancer chemotherapy agents, their effectiveness and side effects vary, possibly due to the complex mechanisms of resistance in colorectal cancer. Abnormal drug metabolism or protein targets are the most direct causes of resistance. Further studies have revealed that these resistance mechanisms involve biochemical processes such as altered protein expression, autophagy, and epithelial–mesenchymal transitions. Herbal active ingredients offer an alternative treatment option and have shown promise in reversing colorectal cancer drug resistance. This paper aims to summarize the role of various biochemical processes and key protein targets in the occurrence and maintenance of resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer. Additionally, it elaborates on the mechanisms of action of herbal active ingredients in reversing colorectal cancer drug resistance. The article also discusses the limitations and opportunities in developing novel anticolorectal cancer drugs based on herbal medicine.