bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Geminal Dimethylation of Acetylbenzenes for the Preparation of tert‐Butylbenzene Derivatives. Simplified Synthesis of 1,3‐Di‐tert‐butylbenzene.
Authors: HAEFELINGER G. + , MARB M.
Published: May 2016

Addition of Reetz reagent (II), prepared from dimethylzinc and titanium tetrachloride, to 1,3‐diacetylbenzene (I) or acetophenone (IV) yields the corresponding tert‐butylbenzenes (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrroles Under Mild Conditions Using PCl3, Ketones, and Alkylhydrazines.
Authors: BACCOLINI G. , SANDALI C.
Published: May 2016

Cyclization of the hydrazones (III) in the presence of phosphorus trichloride gives a mixture of the pyrroles (IV) and (V) which are also obtained directly from the ketones (I) and the hydrazines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Pyridine‐Containing Xanthoporphinogen‐Type Model. An Entrance to Heterocalixarenes.
Authors: NEWKOME G. R. , JOO Y. J. , FROCZEK F. R.
Published: May 2016

Lithioacetonitrile is coupled with the bis(bromopyridyl)dioxolane (I) to form the macrocycle (III) which gives the tetraketone (V) by acidic deprotection and oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: 4H‐Thiopyrans and 4H‐Thiocins with a Spiro‐Fused Pyrrolidine Ring.
Authors: DANNHARDT G. , GROBE A. , OBERGRUSBERGER R.
Published: May 2016

Addition reaction of the enaminothiones (I) to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (II) yields the spiro‐fused thiopyrans (III), together with the thiocins (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Transformations of o‐ and m‐Carborane Derivatives Containing a B‐Te σ‐Bond.
Authors: ZAKHARKIN L. I. , PISAREVA I. V.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the carboranes (I) with TeCl4 (II) in the presence of AlCl3 followed by reduction with Na2S gives the ditellurides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Iridium(I) Complexes of Unsaturated Aldehydes and Their Catalytic Activities.
Authors: YANG K. J. , CHIN C. S.
Published: May 2016

Addition of an excess of the unsaturated aldehydes (II) to the Ir(I) complex (I) results in the formation of the four‐coordinate cationic Ir(I) complexes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Copper Upon the Atmospheric Corrosion of Iron.
Authors: STRATMANN M. , BOHNENKAMP K. , RAMCHANDRAN T.
Published: May 2016

The results of simultaneous measurements of the anodic current density of the metal dissolution and the cathodic current density of the O2 reduction reaction during several wet/dry cycles using a magnetic and a gas volumetric technique, resp., indicate three typical stages of the atmospheric corrosion of pure Fe and the Fe‐0.5 Cu alloy.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of the Electrochemical Hydrodimerization Reaction of Benzylidenemalononitrile. Dependence on Different Parameters.
Authors: PEDERSEN S. U. , HAZELL R. G. , LUND H.
Published: May 2016

The ratio of cis‐ and trans‐products (III) and (II), resp., obtained from malononitrile (I) by linear sweep and derivative cyclic voltammetry, is found to depend on the nature and concentration of the supporting electrolyte and on the substrate concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Bromolactonization Reaction: Synthesis of Optically Active 2‐Hydroxy‐2‐methylalkanoic Acids from 2‐Methylenealkanoic Acids.
Authors: COREAY P. F.
Published: May 2016

The α,β‐unsaturated acids (Ia) and (Va) are converted to the N‐acylprolines (Ic) and (Vc) via the acyl chlorides (Ib) and (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: The Reductive σ Bond Cleavage of Barbaralane and 2,6‐Diphenylbarbaralane.
Authors: TRINKS R. , MUELLEN K. +
Published: May 2016

Chugaev elimination from (I) proves to be a crucial improvement in the synthesis of (III).
ChemInform Abstract: (3 + 2)‐Cycloaddition of C,N‐Diarylnitrilimines to S,S‐Dialkyl 1‐Phenylethenyldithiophosphonites.
Authors: NAMESTNIKOV V. I. , TRISHIN YU. G. , TAMM L. A. , CHISTOKLETOV V. N.
Published: May 2016

(3 + 2)‐Cycloaddition reaction of the nitrilimines (II), prepared in situ from the benzoic chloride hydrazonides (I), with the dialkyl thiophosphonites (III) yields the pyrazoles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Quasitetrahedral Iridium(I) Complex, Ir(COCH2CMe3)(P(p‐tolyl)3)2(C2(CO2Me)2). An Intermediate in Cyclotrimerization of Activated Alkynes by 16‐Electron Alkyl Complexes of Iridium, trans‐RIr(CO)L2 (R: Me, CH2CMe3; L: PPh3, P(p‐tolyl)3).
Authors: RAPPOLI B. J. , CHURCHILL M. R. , JANIK T. S. , REES W. M. , ATWOOD J. D.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (III) are cyclotrimerization catalysts for activated acetylenes such as (I) which produces the trimer (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Fungal Pigments. Part 53. Vesparione, a Naphtho(2,3‐b)pyrandione Derivative from the Slime Mold Metatrichia vesparium (Myxomycetes).
Authors: KOPANSKI L. , KARBACH D. , SELBITSCHKA G. , STEGLICH W.
Published: May 2016

The naphthoquinones (I) are obtained from juglone according to a literature procedure and transformed to the tetracyclic compounds (IV) as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Ribonucleoside Cyclic 3′, 5′‐Phosphoramidates: Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Conversion into Ribonucleoside Cyclic 3′,5′‐Phosphorothioates and ‐(18O)Phosphates.
Authors: BARANIAK J. , STEC W. J.
Published: May 2016

The protected nucleoside cyclic phosphate (I) reacts with aniline (II) to give the phosphoranilidates (III) and (VI), which after separation are converted in a stereoretentive manner to the phosphorothioates (V) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Facial Selection in Intermolecular Diels‐Alder Reactions: Total Syntheses of (+)‐Actinobolin and (+)‐5,6,10‐triepi‐Actinobolin.
Authors: KOZIKOWSKI A. P. , NIEDUZAK T. R. , KONOIKE T. , SPRINGER J. P.
Published: May 2016

The desired diene component (VII) is synthesized starting from L‐threonine (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Electrocrystallization of PbCO3 and Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 on Lead Amalgam Electrodes in Sodium Carbonate and Bicarbonate Solutions.
Authors: BARRADAS R. G. , VANDERNOOT T. J.
Published: May 2016

The results of XRD and electrochemical measurements show that a layer of PbCO3 forms on lead amalgam electrodes in NaHCO3 solutions, and a layer of Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 in Na2CO3.
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐Methyl‐9‐nitro‐10‐nitromethylene‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene. The First Isolation of a Proposed Intermediate for the Side‐Chain Nitration of Arenes Under Heterolytic Conditions.
Authors: SUZUKI H. , KIMURA E. , KATAYAMA T. , OGAWA T.
Published: May 2016

Nitration of 9,10‐dimethylanthracene (I) yields the nitromethylanthracene (II) which is further treated with nitric acid and 1,4‐diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane to give the bis(nitromethyl) derivative (III) and the title compound (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpene Synthesis. Part 4. Synthesis of Some Octahydrophenanthrenes and a Contribution to the Mechanisms of Cycloalkylations.
Authors: DAVIS B. R. , JOHNSON S. J. , WOODGATE P. D.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (IV) or (XIII) are prepared starting from the ketones (I) and (V) or (VIII) and (XIV) via cyclization reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 5‐Nitroimidazole Derivatives and Their Antiparasitic Activity.
Authors: QUATTARA L. , DEBAERT M. , CAVIER R.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the guanylhydrazone (I) with the bromomethyl ketones (II) produces the aminoimidazole derivatives (IIIa) and (IIIb) which are acetylated to yield the diacetates (IIIc) and (IIId).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structures of Tetrakis(O,O′‐dimethyl dithiophosphato)germanium and Bis((μ‐sulfido)bis(O,O′‐dimethyl dithiophosphato))digermanium, an Unusual Sulfur‐Bridged Binuclear Compound.
Authors: CHADHA R. K. , DRAKE J. E. , SARKAR A. B.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) and (V) are obtained according to the scheme and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentacyanoferrate(II/III) Complexes of 2‐Substituted Imidazoles and Imidazolates (R: CH3, CHO, CO‐ 2).
Authors: SABO E. M. , SHEPHERD R. E. , RAU M. S. , ELLIOTT M. G.
Published: May 2016

The complexes of (Ia) and (Ib) with the imidazoles (IIa) to (IIc) are investigated spectroscopically.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 2‐Chloro‐4‐nitrobenzoylamino Acid and Dipeptide Derivatives.
Authors: EL‐NAGGAR A. M. , EL‐GAZZAR M. A. , IBRAHIM T. M. , KHALAF N. S.
Published: May 2016

The amino acid esters (II) are coupled with the benzoic acid (I) in the presence of DCC to give the aroylamino acid esters (III) which are subjected to hydrazinolysis, yielding the corresponding hydrazides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Enolates of Carbohydrates. Part 5. ‐ Syntheses of Axially Methyl‐Branched Pyranosiduloses.
Authors: KLEMER A. , KLAFFKE W.
Published: May 2016

The benzoyl‐protected carbohydrates (Ia) and (IVa) react regioselectively with MeI (III) to afford the products (Ib) and (IVb), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: p‐Type and n‐Type Behavior of Chromium Oxide as a Function of the Applied Potential.
Authors: METIKOS‐HUKOVIC M. , CERAJ‐CERIC M.
Published: May 2016

The electrochemical behavior of thermally produced Cr2O3 electrodes has been compared with the anodic behavior of metallic Cr in a borate buffer.
ChemInform Abstract: The Absolute Rate Constant for the Reaction of Cl(2P) with ClNO
Authors: NESBITT F. L. , NAVA D. F. , PAYNE W. A. , STIEF L. J.
Published: May 2016

has been measured at room temp. by discharge flow mass spectrometry to be 7.6·10‐11 cm3 s‐1 This rate constant is determined from the decay of ClNO in the presence of excess Cl atoms at a total pressure of 1 torr.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of the Lithium Salts of Aromatic Secondary Amines in Weakly Polar Aprotic Solvents.
Authors: JACKMAN L. M. , SCARMOUTZOS L. M.
Published: May 2016

Lithium indolide (lithioindoline) in THF is shown, by vapor pressure barometry, to be a dimer, and its temp.‐dependent, concentration‐independent 13C chemical shifts are interpreted in terms of the equilibrium Li2A2(THF)2 ⇌ Li2A2(THF)4 (A = amide anion).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Alkenynamines with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes (Cinnamic, Phenylpropiolic) and Ketones (Methyl Vinyl Ketone).
Authors: KORMER M. V. , TOLCHINSKII S. E. , MARETINA I. A. , PETROV A. A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the alkenynamines (I) and cinnamic (IIa) or phenylpropiolic aldehyde (IIb) affords the dialkylamides (IIIa) or (IIIb) of the corresponding dienic or vinylacetylenic acids respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Polarized Diaryl Carbonyl Ylides: The Specificity of Additions to Unsymmetric Dipolarophiles.
Authors: CLAWSON P. , WHITING D. A.
Published: May 2016

The diarylcarbonyl ylides (II), obtained from the epoxides (I) by thermolysis or photolysis, are coupled with maleic anhydride (III), dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (V), or dimethyl fumarate (VIII) to produce the cycloadducts (IV), (VI), or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Bornane Reduction of Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Oxazaborolidines. Mechanism and Synthetic Implications.
Authors: COREY E. J. , BAKSHI R. K. , SHIBATA S.
Published: May 2016

The oxazaborolidine (IV) which is readily accessible from the prolinol (III) is an efficient catalyst for the borane reduction of ketones such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Hydration of Alkynones by Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: IMI K. , IMAI K. , UTIMOTO K.
Published: May 2016

Hydration of the δ‐ketoalkynes (I), (IV), (VI), (VIII), (X), or (XII) in the presence of Pd catalysts yields either the 1,4‐diones (II) and (V) or the 1,5‐diones (III), (VII), (IX), (XI), and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Amines by Phenyllead Triacetate Using Copper Catalysis.
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , YADAV‐BHATNAGAR N. , FINET J.‐P. , KHAMSI J.
Published: May 2016

The anilines (Ia) ‐ (Id) are N‐phenylated by treatment with phenyllead triacetate (II) in the presence of copper salts to give the diphenylamines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Multidentate Ligands. Part 5. Procedure for Large‐Scale Preparations of Oligoethylene Glycol Toluenesulfonates.
Authors: STIBOR I. , KOCIAN O. , HOLY P. , ZAVADA J.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the primary diols (I), (IV) and (VI) with TosCl (II) under phase‐transfer catalysis conditions affords the ditosylates (III), (V) and (VII) in nearly quantitative yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Neuroleptics of the Orthopramide Series: Synthesis of N‐Substituted 5‐(Aminosulfonyl)‐2‐methoxybenzamides.
Authors: VALENTA V. , PROTIVA M.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐methoxy‐5‐sulfonylaminobenzamides (III), (V), (VII) and (X) are prepared starting from 2‐methoxy‐5‐sulfonylaminobenzoic acid (I) or its ethylester (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diimines from 1,2‐Dicarbonyl Compounds by Direct Catalyzed Condensation.
Authors: ARMESTO D. , BOSCH P. , GALLEGO M. G. , MARTIN J. F. , ORTIZ M. J. , PEREZ‐OSSORIO R. , RAMOS A.
Published: May 2016

The 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds (II) react with the primary amines (Ia), (Id), and/or (Ie) in the presence of TiCl4, producing the diimines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations on 1,4‐Naphthoquinones. Part 16. Reaction of Naphthol Derivatives with CuCl ‐ O2: A Versatile Synthesis of Juglone.
Authors: WURM G. , GOESSLER B. +
Published: May 2016

β‐Naphthol (Ia) and α‐naphthol (Ib) are converted to the naphthoquinones (II) and (III) respectively by treatment with oxygen in the presence of copper(I) chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangements of Dihydroisoquinolines. Part 38. Behaviour of 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines with Bulky C‐1 Substituents Towards Acids.
Authors: KNABE J. , GRUENEWALD F.‐J. +
Published: May 2016

The isoquinolinium salts (I) are subjected to reduction with lithium alanate to produce the dihydroisoquinolines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of 5,6,7,12‐Tetrahydro‐5,7‐dioxo‐N‐phenyldibenz(b,g)azocine: A New Entry in the Dibenz(b,g)azocine Class.
Authors: FOX J. L. , CHEN C. H. , LUSS H. R.
Published: May 2016

The azocine (I) mentioned in the title is treated with methylmagnesium bromide (II) to give the diol (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Additions to N‐Glycosylnitrones. Part 4. Asymmetric Synthesis of N‐Hydroxy‐α‐aminophosphonic and α‐Aminophosphonic Acids.
Authors: HUBER R. , VASELLA A.
Published: May 2016

The nitrones (I) being inert toward phosphite ions react with the phosphite (IV) under catalysis with Lewis acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Properties of the Adducts of Benzenesulfinyl Chloride with Myrcene.
Authors: MOISEENKOV A. M. , VESELOVSKII V. V. , MAKAROVA Z. G. , ZHULIN V. M.
Published: May 2016

Phenylsulfinyl chloride (II) reacts with myrcene (I) under high pressure by 1,4‐cis addition to produce the sulfoxide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Per‐O‐Acetylated Carbohydrate Triflates with Halide Ions.
Authors: BINKLEY R. W. , AMBROSE M. G. , HEHEMANN D. G.
Published: May 2016

The tetraacetates (I) and (VII) are converted to the triflates (III) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleoside Hydrogenphosphonates. Part 6. Reaction of Nucleoside Hydrogenphosphonates with Arenesulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: GAREGG P. J. , STAWINSKI J. , STROEMBERG R. +
Published: May 2016

The title reaction proceeds via the trimetaphosphite (V), the formation of which is facilitated by the presence of a base (pyridine).
ChemInform Abstract: On Ba10Fe8Pt2Cl2O25.
Authors: LEIB W. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. +
Published: May 2016

The title compound has been obtained during the synthesis of barium oxohalogenoferrates due to reaction with the Pt crucible at 1100 °C. It crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/mmc with Z=1.
ChemInform Abstract: Primary Processes of Stabilizer Action in Radiation‐Induced Alkane Oxidation.
Authors: BREDE O. , HERMANN R. , MEHNERT R.
Published: May 2016

The model hydrocarbons chosen are n‐C16H34 and n‐C17H36.
ChemInform Abstract: A Model for the Prediction of Electron‐Transfer Rates in the Highly Exergonic Region, Applied to the Reaction Between Solvated Electrons and Arenes in Tetrahydrofuran.
Authors: GRIMSHAW J. , GRIMSHAW E. K.
Published: May 2016

Anharmonic oscillator perturbations to the classical model of outer‐sphere electron‐transfer reactions are examined and used to fit rate constant data (from literature for molecules such as given in the scheme) in the exergonic Marcus‐invented region.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Pentaerythritol by Phase‐Transfer Catalysis. Part 3. Influence of the Tetrahedral Structure of Pentaerythritol on the Rate and Selectivity of the Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Reaction.
Authors: NOUGUIER R. M. , MCHICH M.
Published: May 2016

The kinetic of the phase‐transfer‐catalyzed etherification of pentaerythritol (I) and 2,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol (IV), yielding the tetraethers (III) or (V), is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Cleavage and Reconstruction of Five and Six Membered Ring.
Authors: SUEMUNE H. , ODA K. , SAKAI K.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the 3‐(2‐acylethyl)cyclopentanones (I) with ethylene glycol (II) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate results in cleavage and rearrangement processes, yielding the hydroxyethylcarboxylates (III) ‐ (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylation of Organic Halides: The First Example of Carbonylation Under Solid‐Liquid Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: CHOUDARY B. M. , REDDY N. P. , ASHOK B.
Published: May 2016

4‐Hydroxyphenacyl bromide (I) reacts with carbon monoxide (II) under solid‐liquid phase‐transfer conditions to yield ethyl 4‐hydroxybenzoylacetate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Molecular Transformations. Part 89. A New Synthesis of Phthalides Through β‐Scission of Benzocyclobutenol Hypoiodites.
Authors: KOBAYASHI K. , ITOH M. , SUGINOME H.
Published: May 2016

The benzocyclobutenones (I) react with ethylmagnesium bromide (II) to produce the 1‐ethylbenzocyclobutenols (III) which are converted to the phthalides (IV) by photolysis in the presence of mercury(II) oxide and iodine.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Butenolides in Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions with Isoprene and Cyclopentadiene.
Authors: ORTUNO R. M. , BATLLORI R. , BALLESTEROS M. , MONSALVATJE M. , CORBERA J. , SANCHEZ‐FERRANDO F. , FONT J.
Published: May 2016

Cycloaddition of the chiral butenolides (I) with cyclopentadiene (II) yields the endo‐ (III) and exo‐adducts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Silylamines in Organic Synthesis: A New Access to Functional Pyrroles via Organocuprates Addition on Methyl Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminomethylpropiolate.
Authors: CORRIU R. J. P. , MOREAU J. J. E. , VERNHET C.
Published: May 2016

The N‐silylated aminomethylpropiolate (I) reacts with various organocopper reagents (II) to give the isomeric allylamines (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxygenated Coumestans.
Authors: RANI B. S. U. , DARBARWAR M.
Published: May 2016

The polyhydroxy‐3‐arylcoumarins (I) are dehydrated in methanolic hydrogen chloride or by treatment with sodium acetate/potassium ferricyanide to form the coumestans (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Dimeric Trifluoromethylthiirene.
Authors: POPKOVA V. YA. , TUMANSKII B. L. , KNUNYANTS I. L.
Published: May 2016

The disulfides (III) react with hexaethylphosphoric triamide to give the dithiene (V), the dimeric form of the intermediate 2‐trifluoromethylthiirene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Epimerizations and Non‐Stereospecific Reactions of 1,3,2‐Oxazaphospholidin‐2‐ones and ‐2‐thiones.
Authors: CULLIS P. M. , IAGROSSI A. , ROUS A. J. , SCHILLING M. B.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the oxazaphospholidinone (Ia) with the thiophosphate (II) in dioxane gives (Ib) and only minor amounts of the diastereoisomer (Ic), whereas reaction in pyridine gives nearly equal amounts of (Ib) and (Ic).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Cyclodiphosphazanes: Some Reactions of Hexachlorocyclodiphosphazanes with Amino Acids.
Authors: ABD‐ELLAH I. M. , IBRAHIM E. H. M. , EL‐KHAZANDER A. N.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the cyclodiphosphazanes (I) with the amino acids (II) or (III) yields either the spirocyclic bisadducts (IV) ‐ (VI) or the monoadducts (VII) or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Main Group Homopolynuclear Cations with Transition‐Metal Carbonyls. Stabilization of μ‐Se2+ 2 and η3‐Te2+ 3 Dicationic Ligands and Crystal Structures of (Mo(Te3)(CO)4) (SbF6)2 and (FeW(Se2)(CO)8) (SbF6)2.
Authors: SEIGNEURIN A. , MAKANI T. , JONES D. J. , ROZIERE J.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (IV) and (VII) are synthesized from W(CO)6 (I), Fe2(CO)9 (II), and Se4(Sb2F11)2 (III) (1.8:1:1 molar ratio) and from Mo(CO)6 (V) and Te4Sb9F35 (VI), respectively, according to the scheme.
Voltage Control Using PV Power Factor, Static Capacitor, and Transformer Tap for Large PV Penetration
Authors: AIDA SHUNSUKE , ITO TAKAYUKI , IWAMOTO SHINICHI , KITADA RYOHEI , ARIYOSHI NOBUYUKI
Published: May 2016

The Japanese government has set 53 GW as the target level of PV deployment by 2030. However, the large‐scale introduction of PV will cause several problems in power systems. One of these problems is the increase in voltage due to decreased load demands associated with large PV active power output. Another problem is voltage variations caused by fluctuations in PV system output. In this paper, we focus our attention on the voltage and reactive power control for large‐scale PV deployment and propose voltage control using the PF (PV power factor), SC (static capacitor), and TAP (transformer tap). In the proposed method, the SC and TAP controls consider voltage stability through the use of VMPI‐i and VMPI‐i sensitivity, and the PF control suppresses voltage variation and voltage spikes. Finally, we simulate these controls using the Ward–Hale system to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Traction Inverter that Applies Hybrid Module Using 3‐kV SiC‐SBDs and High‐Speed Drive Circuit
Authors: ISHIKAWA KATSUMI , OGAWA KAZUTOSHI , NAGASU MASAHIRO
Published: May 2016

We have developed a prototype of a 3 kV/200 A SiC hybrid module, which is equipped with Si IGBTs and SiC Schottky barrier diodes. We achieved a reduction in the recovery loss and turn‐on loss by using an SiC hybrid module and decreasing the turn‐on time by lowering the gate resistance. Moreover, we estimated that the total energy loss in the converter and inverter was reduced to approximately 30% by using the developed SiC hybrid module. Additionally, the inverter succeeded in driving an induction motor for a train.
Bi treatment with hydralazine/nitrates vs. placebo in Africans admitted with acute HEart Failure (BA‐HEF)
Authors: Sliwa Karen , Damasceno Albertino , Davison Beth A. , Mayosi Bongani M. , Sani Mahmoud U. , Ogah Okekuchwu , Mondo Charles , Ojji Dike , Dzudie Anastase , Kouam Charles Kouam , Yonga Gerald , Ba Serigne Abdou , Ogola Elijah , Edwards Christopher , Milo Olga , Cotter Gad
Published: May 2016

Aims

Patients with acute heart failure (HF) in Africa are rarely being treated with a hydralazine/nitrates combination. Therefore the effect of this treatment was studied here.

Methods and results

The study was planned to enrol 500 patients during an acute HF admission, from nine sub‐Saharan African countries. Patients were randomized in a double‐blind manner to receive 50 mg hydralazine/20 mg isosorbide dinitrate (HYIS) t.i.d. or matching placebo for 24 weeks followed by open label HYIS for all patients. The study was terminated after 147 patients were enrolled due mostly to issues with recruitment into a prospective, placebo‐controlled study. Most patients were recruited from Mozambique, South Africa, Kenya, and Uganda. The primary endpoint of death or HF readmission through 24 weeks was neutral [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–2.27, P = 0.90] in the 133 randomized patients included in the analyses. There were non‐signficant effects in favour of HYIS in secondary endpoints including change in dyspnoea severity at day 7 or discharge, decrease in systolic blood pressure, greater decrease in weight, and increase in 6‐min walk test distance at week 24. There were also small changes in echocardiographic indices of cardiac size and function in favour or HYIS, but none was significant.

Conclusion

The BA‐HEF trial demonstrated challenges in recruiting the expected number of patients with acute HF in a number of African countries, which highlights the need for strategic logistic support.

Trial registration: NCT01822808.
Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of 2‐(Thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Nosova Emiliya V. , Moshkina Tatyana N. , Lipunova Galina N. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Baklanova Inna V. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of a series of push–pull aryl and arylethynyl 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)quinazoline derivatives is presented. The photophysical properties of the newly generated compounds are also described. Functionalization of the (2‐thienyl)quinazoline fluorophore at the 5′‐position with aryl and arylethynyl moieties was performed using bromination and subsequent palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. Optical studies revealed that 4‐(diethylamino)phenyl and 4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl derivatives emit green light upon irradiation, whereas their 4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl, methoxyphenyl, thienyl and arylethynyl counterparts are characterized by blue light emission capabilities. The effect of protonation has also been studied, and the ability of some of these molecules to function as colorimetric and luminescent pH sensors has been demonstrated with significant color changes and luminescence switching upon the introduction of acid.
Intramyocardial injection of SERCA2a‐expressing lentivirus improves myocardial function in doxorubicin‐induced heart failure
Authors: Mattila Minttu , Koskenvuo Juha , Söderström Mirva , Eerola Kim , Savontaus Mikko
Published: May 2016

Background

Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer drug. The major limitation to its use is the induction of dose‐dependent cardiomyopathy. No specific treatment exists for doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy and treatments used for other forms of heart failure have only limited beneficial effects. The contraction–relaxation cycle of the heart is controlled by cytosolic calcium concentrations, which, in turn, are critically regulated by the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) pump. We hypothesized that SERCA2a gene transfer would ameliorate doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods

Lentiviral vectors LV‐SERCA2a‐GFP and LV‐GFP were constructed and in vitro gene transfer of LV‐SERCA2a‐GFP confirmed SERCA2a expression by western blot analysis. Heart failure was induced by giving a single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. LV‐SERCA2a‐GFP, LV‐GFP vectors and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) were injected under echocardiographic control to the anterior wall of the left ventricle.

Results

Echocardiography analyses were performed on the injection day and 28 days postinjection. On the injection day, there were no significant differences in the average ejection fractions (EFs) among SERCA2a (40.0%), GFP (41.1%) and PBS (39.4%) injected animals. On day 28, EF in the SERCA2a group had increased by 16.6 ± 6.7% to 46.4 ± 2.1%. By contrast, EFs in the GFP (40.2 ± 1.3%) and PBS (40.6 ± 1.4%) groups remained at pre‐injection levels. In addition, end systolic and end diastolic left ventricle volumes were significantly smaller in the SERCA2a group compared to controls.

Conclusions

SERCA2a gene transfer significantly improves left ventricle function and dimensions in doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy, thus making LV‐SERCA2a gene transfer an attractive treatment modality for doxorubicin‐induced heart failure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel archaeal tetraether lipids with a cyclohexyl ring identified in Fayetteville Green Lake, NY, and other sulfidic lacustrine settings
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Lei , De Santiago Torio Ana , Bosak Tanja , Summons Roger Everett
Published: May 2016

Rationale

The meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake (FGL) is of significant geobiological interest because of microbial cycling of sulfur within and below the permanent chemocline and in the euxinic deep waters. Studies of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) may help shed light on understanding the activity of archaeal communities in these habitats.

Methods

Normal‐phase and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis on total lipid extracts of environmental samples revealed series of GDGTs with different biphytane structures. Comparison of the mass spectrum of biphytane obtained from separated novel GDGTs with that of a synthetic C40 biphytane confirms our structural assignments.

Results

A unique cyclohexyl ring configured in the middle of a C40 biphytane chain was identified in these novel GDGTs. We suggest the trivial name S‐GDGTs for these compounds, where ‘S′ stands for ‘sulfidic’ and ‘six‐membered ring’. S‐GDGT derivatives composed of biphytanes modified with double bonds and cyclopentane rings were also detected in the samples we analyzed. Intact polar lipid precursors of S‐GDGT include compounds with mono‐ and diglycosyl head groups.

Conclusions

The carbon isotopic composition of S‐GDGTs and their occurrence in FGL, Messel Shale as well as Salt Pond and salt marshes on Cape Cod suggest that S‐GDGTs may be produced by chemoautotrophic archaea that prefer sulfidic conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of microorganisms in biofluids of individuals with periodontitis and chronic kidney disease using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Alves Levy Anderson César , Souza Rafael Celestino , da Silva Taciana Mara Couto , Watanabe Andreia , Dias Meriellen , Mendes Maria Anita , Ciamponi Ana Lídia
Published: May 2016

Rationale

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis (PD) are important health issues. There is a large variety of microorganisms related to the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and optimising the time and the cost of laboratory assays to detect these organisms is highly valuable in the medical field.

Methods

Bacteria were isolated from saliva and oral biofilm of 30 adolescents and young adults with definite medical and dental diagnosis of CKD and PD, respectively, and proteins were extracted for microorganism identification by means of the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) technique.

Results

The results showed that the most incident microorganisms were Actinomyces dentalis (43%), Acinetobacter ursingi (60%), Aggregatibacter actinomycetencomitans (60%), Corynebacterium argentoctens (63%), Staphylococcus aureus (93%), Streptococcus salivarius (97%) and Tannerella forsythensis (43%). The analysis of oral biofilm showed higher incidences for Actinomyces dentalis (33%), Acinetobacter ursingi (50%), Aggregatibacter actinomycetencomitans (50%), Corynebacterium argentoctens (70%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (73%) and Streptococcus salivarius (87%).

Conclusions

Based on these results, we concluded that the MALDI Biotyper protocol proves useful as a rapid and reliable assay for distinguishing different microorganisms possibly related to CKD and PD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity Tuning through Additive Heterogeneous Plasmon Coupling between 3D Assembled Plasmonic Nanoparticle and Nanocup Arrays
Authors: Seo Sujin , Zhou Xiangfei , Liu Gang Logan
Published: May 2016

Plasmonic substrates have fixed sensitivity once the geometry of the structure is defined. In order to improve the sensitivity, significant research effort has been focused on designing new plasmonic structures, which involves high fabrication costs; however, a method is reported for improving sensitivity not by redesigning the structure but by simply assembling plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) near the evanescent field of the underlying 3D plasmonic nanostructure. Here, a nanoscale Lycurgus cup array (nanoLCA) is employed as a base colorimetric plasmonic substrate and an assembly template. Compared to the nanoLCA, the NP assembled nanoLCA (NP‐nanoLCA) exhibits much higher sensitivity for both bulk refractive index sensing and biotin–streptavidin binding detection. The limit of detection of the NP‐nanoLCA is at least ten times smaller when detecting biotin–streptavidin conjugation. The numerical calculations confirm the importance of the additive plasmon coupling between the NPs and the nanoLCA for a denser and stronger electric field in the same 3D volumetric space. Tunable sensitivity is accomplished by controlling the number of NPs in each nanocup, or the number density of the hot spots. This simple yet scalable and cost‐effective method of using additive heterogeneous plasmon coupling effects will benefit various chemical, medical, and environmental plasmon‐based sensors.
Shopping Drivers of Generational Cohorts: A Comparison between Night Market and Wet Market Formats for Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Purchase in Malaysia
Authors: Gindi Abdullahi Auwal , Abdullah Amin Mahir , Ismail Mohd Mansor , Nawi Nolila Mohd
Published: May 2016

The objective of this study is to determine the shopping drivers that influence consumers to choose the night market or wet market for fresh fruit and vegetable (FFV) purchases. The study also investigates whether any differences in behavior among generational cohorts exist while purchasing fresh fruits and vegetables between two retail formats. The cluster sampling technique was applied to the entire population of Klang Valley area in Malaysia, and 700 respondents were randomly selected for this research. Perceived freshness, perceived quality and perceived safety of the fresh fruits and vegetables are the most important shopping drivers in a consumer's decision to purchase FFV in night market and wet market retail formats. The findings show that members of different generational cohorts have different perceptions about freshness, quality and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables purchased in night market and wet market retail formats.
Therapeutics: Late Wittgenstein and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: May 2016

In the mid-1980s, a new wave of Wittgenstein criticism emerged that did not sit well with the orthodoxy.1 The New Wittgensteinian interpretation was conceived to bridge the chasm of early and late, but as already covered in the critical survey of the preceding chapter, many critics, such as P.M.S. Hacker, saw it as an interpretation devoid of methodological rigour and lacking historical fact. Perhaps aptly for a consideration of a geist approach, as the New Wittgensteinian reading surfaces at the zenith of postmodernism, the technique of ascending a logical ladder to reach a conclusion, only to discard the ladder, has featured in the linguistics and politics of all Pynchon’s novels. Hanjo Berressem has already noted this phenomenon and termed it ‘auto-destruction’2 while Katalin Orbán has referred to it as ‘overwriting’.3 Yet, although Orbán’s phrasing is closer, such a terminology does not admit the inadequacy of the ‘destruction’ in a literary context. A true literary destruction is one that never entered the published text at all; an excised ‘Fresca’ from ‘The Fire Sermon’ portion of The Waste Land, a politicising McClintic Sphere from the V. Typescript. What then would be the impact of erasure in full sight? A proof that shows its workings? An architect’s drawing retaining construction lines?
Enlightenments: Early Foucault and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: May 2016

As many critics have observed,1 in Pynchon, the birth of modernity is depicted under the sign of Max Weber. It is an oppressive rationalisation that banishes and dominates all that would stand in its way: ‘[t]he death of magic’ as Jeff Baker puts it.2 Although such an appraisal of Weber lacks nuance, the insertion of this astrological foretelling into the very core of America’s political system is no better expressed than in Gravity’s Rainbow’s ‘MOM SLOTHROP’S LETTER TO AMBASSADOR KENNEDY’ (682–3). This letter — which depicts Slothrop’s mother writing to Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr about her empathy for the senator’s parental unease during JFK’s Patrol Torpedo boat incident in 1943, her anxiety about the state of America and her sexual relations with the future president — echoes with the guilt-ridden foreboding style of Samuel Beckett’s Eh Joe? This comparative effect is achieved not only through the structural motion from an optimistic inquiry, ‘[w]ell hi Joe how’ve ya been’ (GR, 682), parallel to Beckett’s ‘[y]ou’re all right now, eh?’3 before becoming ‘gloomy all so sudden’, but also by the frequent comma-delimited firstname appellation to the ambassador: ‘[i]t’s every parent’s dream, Joe, that it is […] It isn’t starting to break down, is it, Joe? […] You know, don’t you? Golden clouds? Sometimes I think — ah, Joe, I think they’re pieces of the heavenly city falling down’ (GR, 682).
Mass Deception: Adorno’s Negative Dialectics and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: May 2016

Samuel Beckett’s penultimate novella, Worstward Ho, is framed ‘atween’1 the twain of being and void, crawling in absolute steadiness of rhythm ‘[t]ill nohow on’.2 It is also a piece that brings the complex interrelations of microcosmic linguistics and macroscopic form into focus. Respect would be, indeed, due to the critic who could extract a comprehensive reading that reflected the whole from a single of Beckett’s phonically playful sentences, without reference to another. It could be, then, that Beckett’s malignant void-dweller, never content with ‘merely bad’,3 is entwined (atwained, atweened) within a Hegelian structure: the whole is the true. Superficially, this is convincing. Certainly the question-answer cadence of the piece points towards a dialectical structure ensconced in negation. However, Beckett’s overarching presentation of spirit is hardly compatible with the metaphysical ontotheology of Hegel’s Absolute;4 as succinctly phrased by Hamm in Endgame: ‘[t]he bastard! He doesn’t exist!’5 It looks, for Beckett, as if the same might apply to ‘the whole’. The rescue of Hegel that is needed for a Beckettian, and subsequently Pynchonian, dialectic could, as a provisional hypothesis, come through the work of Theodor W. Adorno, although this rescue would save a new dialectics only at Hegel’s expense.6 This said, if Foucault’s philosophical endeavour was underpinned by an often antagonistic relationship to the work of Kant, in the case of Adorno and the Frankfurt School the interaction with German Idealism is marked through an engagement with Kant and Hegel.7
Introduction
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic
Published: May 2016

This is a first attempt to assess the worldwide state of the humanities. We present this report fully conscious that it will be found wanting in important aspects. Yet we believe that an attempt, however faltering, must be made to map on a global scale what humanists think about what they do and how the field is changing. There has been no shortage of commentary on the humanities over the last few years. The topic has been discussed intensively in national reports, essays, books, newspaper articles, not to mention social media. Most of the commentary on the subject to date tends to come from the perspective of a particular country or region. Our aim is to look at some familiar — and some less familiar — questions from a global perspective by listening to voices from all continents.
The Nature of the Humanities
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic
Published: May 2016

This chapter falls into two parts and is based upon the interview responses. The first part asks whether there are any patterns detectable in the research themes or topics chosen for humanities research. We found that socially relevant themes were prominent (though less so among the European interviewees) and that interviewees often identified cross-fertilisation as the way forward, especially interdisciplinarity collaboration and comparative research. The second part considers a set of epistemological questions: how do researchers conceive of their work? Do they see themselves as seeking to advance the frontiers of knowledge, making discoveries and sometimes even breakthroughs? Or do they consider that such attitudes are more suitable to the sciences? We found that most researchers believed that the humanities do produce knowledge but were pessimistic as to how society perceives and values the humanities.
Funding and Infrastructure
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic
Published: May 2016

This chapter is concerned with the questions: Is funding for the humanities adequate? Do we have adequate infrastructure for humanities research? Are the institutional parameters of the humanities fit for the challenges of the 21st century? The chapter will not look into general questions of university frameworks, relevant as that would be, but it will focus on the perspectives of humanistic researchers themselves, as evidenced by our interviews, and how they experience financial and infrastructural support for their research and how these are conditions changing. Not surprisingly, we found that there are huge levels of inequality within the world of the humanities and that different regional funding systems, even within the developed world, may have hitherto neglected consequences for humanities research practices.
Conclusion
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic
Published: May 2016

In this conclusion we start by giving an overview of the preceding chapters and finish by making some recommendations based on our research.
Photoelectron yield spectroscopy and inverse photoemission spectroscopy evaluations of p-type amorphous silicon carbide films prepared using liquid materials
Authors: Murakami Tatsuya , Masuda Takashi , Inoue Satoshi , Yano Hiroshi , Iwamuro Noriyuki , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: May 2016

Phosphorus-doped amorphous silicon carbide films were prepared using a polymeric precursor solution. Unlike conventional polymeric precursors, this polymer requires neither catalysts nor oxidation for its synthesis and cross-linkage, providing semiconducting properties in the films. The valence and conduction states of resultant films were determined directly through the combination of inverse photoemission spectroscopy and photoelectron yield spectroscopy. The incorporated carbon widened energy gap and optical gap comparably in the films with lower carbon concentrations. In contrast, a large deviation between the energy gap and the optical gap was observed at higher carbon contents because of exponential widening of the band tail.
Geometry of electromechanically active structures in Gadolinium - doped Cerium oxides
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Kraynis Olga , Kas Joshua , Weng Tsu-Chien , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Zacharowicz Renee , Lubomirsky Igor , Frenkel Anatoly I.
Published: May 2016

Local distortions from average structure are important in many functional materials, such as electrostrictors or piezoelectrics, and contain clues about their mechanism of work. However, the geometric attributes of these distortions are exceedingly difficult to measure, leading to a gap in knowledge regarding their roles in electromechanical response. This task is particularly challenging in the case of recently reported non-classical electrostriction in Cerium-Gadolinium oxides (CGO), where only a small population of Ce-O bonds that are located near oxygen ion vacancies responds to external electric field. We used high-energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) technique to collect X-ray absorption spectra in CGO in situ, with and without an external electric field, coupled with theoretical modeling to characterize three-dimensional geometry of electromechanically active units.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients treated with epoetins or blood transfusions
Authors: Douros Antonios , Jobski Kathrin , Kollhorst Bianca , Schink Tania , Garbe Edeltraut
Published: May 2016

Aims

Anaemia is common in cancer patients, with treatments including epoetins and blood transfusions. Although an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been associated with both therapeutics, studies comparing the risk of VTE between epoetins and transfusions in cancer patients are lacking.

Methods

A nested case–control study investigated this risk using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database. Cohort members were incident cancer patients receiving first time treatment with epoetin or transfusion. A subcohort including only patients receiving chemotherapy was created, since the formally approved indication of epoetins is chemotherapy‐induced anaemia. Cases were defined as patients developing VTE. For each case up to 10 gender‐ and age‐matched controls were selected from the cohort. Multiple confounder adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE and recent treatment with epoetins or transfusions (last 28 days before index date) compared with past anti‐anaemic treatment were calculated by conditional logistic regression.

Results

Among 69 888 patients receiving first time treatment with epoetin or transfusion, 3316 VTE cases were identified. The aOR for VTE was 1.31 (95% CI 1.03, 1.65) for epoetins, 2.33 (95% CI 2.03, 2.66) for transfusions, and 2.24 (95% CI 1.34, 3.77) for epoetins and transfusions. Sensitivity analyses with a stricter VTE definition or an expanded time window yielded similar results. In the chemotherapy only subcohort the risk difference between epoetins and transfusions could not be verified (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.10, 1.98 vs. aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.49, 2.19). Our study confirmed known VTE risk factors including previous VTE (aOR 14.76, 95% CI 12.79, 17.03) or surgery (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.67, 2.01). Epoetin‐associated risk decreased after a safety warning by the European Medicines Agency setting maximum haemoglobin target values to 12 g dl–1.

Conclusions

Transfusions could be associated with a higher VTE risk than epoetins in cancer patients. Moreover, current prescribing patterns may have decreased the VTE risk for epoetins.
An Investigation of the Reliability of HF Acid Mixtures in the Bomb Digestion of Silicate Rocks for the Determination of Trace Elements by ICP‐MS
Authors: Okina Olga , Lyapunov Sergey , Avdosyeva Mariya , Ermolaev Boris , Golubchikov Vladimir , Gorbunov Anatoly , Sheshukov Victor
Published: May 2016

The influence of the mixtures HF‐HNO3 and HF‐NH4F‐HNO3 in bomb digestion for trace element determination from different rock types was studied using ICP‐MS. It is shown that the HF concentration, not the ratio of reagents in the decomposing mixture, controls the digestion process of a rock. Data for Zr in the granite G‐2 as a function of HF concentration gave the same results as reaction mixtures of various compositions. A complete digestion in 50‐mg sample bombs was achieved by 1.0 ml of HF alone, or with a mixture of other acids at a HF concentration of at least 35% m/m at 196 °C over 18 h. The results of the analysis of basalts BCR‐1, BIR‐1, mica schist SDC‐1, shale SBC‐1, granites G‐2, SG‐1A, garnet‐biotite plagiogneiss GBPg‐1, rhyolite RGM‐1, granodiorite GSP‐1, trachyandesite MTA‐1 and rhyolite MRh‐1 are given and compared against available data. The reproducibility of the element determinations by ICP‐MS and XRF as an independent non‐destructive analysis for a quality check in the range of concentrations typical for routine rock samples is given.
Future of haemophilia outcome assessment: registries are key to optimized treatment
Authors: Berntorp E.
Published: May 2016

Content List – Read more articles from the symposium: Future of haemophilia outcome assessment.
Human Papillomavirus DNA in Triple Neoplasms of the Cervix, Perianus and Ureter in One Woman
Authors: Huang Lee-Wen , Pan Hun-Shan , Lin Yu-Hung , Chou Kuang-Yu
Published: May 2016

Background: Multiple malignancies of the urogenital tract have been reported. We investigated the etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of urogenital cancers. Case: We present a case of cervical squamous carcinoma in a 64-year-old woman who subsequently developed Bowen’s disease in the perianal skin and transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter. HPV DNA was detected in these tumor specimens using polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: The results strongly suggest that HPV may play a major role in the carcinogenesis of urogenital and perianal tumors.