bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prof. Robert Barnes. The indications for the induction of premature labor. (Lancet, August 11, 1894, p. 314). Indications for premature birth. (Lecture read at the British Doctors' Convention in Bristol on August 1, 1894).
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

V. Barnes considers the establishment of the correct indications for premature birth to be a brilliant proof of the progress of medicine in general and, in particular, of the conservative direction in obstetrics. To determine diseases that require an interruption of pregnancy, one should trace what occurs in such cases in the body of a pregnant woman spontaneously, that is, take a closer look at natural self-help.
Dr. Morton Butler. Two cases of hernia of the Fallopian Tube. (Lancet, 1894, 17 February). Two cases of fallopian tube hernia
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

A 46-year-old woman had been suffering from a tumor in her right groin for more than 2 years, which suddenly increased rapidly. The tumor appeared to be like a gland with a swelling in the center.
To the pathological anatomy of primary malignant neoplasms of pelvic tissue and the changes they cause in the uterus and its appendages
Authors: Brandt A. F.
Published: September 2020

Neoplasms occurring in the broad ligament tissue can generally be divided into two groups. The most common neoplasms - the first group - include.
On the casuistry of tumors of the external genital organs in women. (Lipoma labii majoris sinistri)
Authors: Anufriev A. A.
Published: September 2020

New formations of a fatty nature (lipomata), not only reaching a significant size, but also of a small comparative size, are not often found on the external genital parts of women.
To the treatment of cervical dysmenorrhea
Authors: Strogonov V.
Published: September 2020

In some women who have already given birth, sometimes dysmenorrhea is observed, due to a narrowing of the cervical canal in the area of the internal uterine pharynx, which occurs as a result of endometritis after childbirth or abortion.
About the expansion of the cervical contraction by plastic means
Authors: Strogonov V.
Published: September 2020

Prof. V. proposes a new operation for widening a narrow neck.
On the question of vaginal extirpation of the uterus
Authors: Strogonov V.
Published: September 2020

T. proposes for those cases of vaginal extirpation, where the vagina is very narrow and the uterus cannot be brought down ad introitum due to cicatricial or cancerous fixations, to make lateral incisions of the vagina and perineum, while the large and small lips are cut near their middle, the vaginal incision can be brought to the fornix, and on the perineum, make an incision outward and somewhat posteriorly of the corresponding size for this case.
Self-infection with cancer of healthy parts of the body in a patient suffering from this disease
Authors: Strogonov V.
Published: September 2020

A. gives the following two cases of self-infection with cancer.
To the treatment of newborn asphyxia
Authors: Strogonov V.
Published: September 2020

R. considers the Schultze method to be quite expedient, but it cannot always be applied (for example, in low rooms, with bone fractures in newborns), and besides, it is tiring.
About the proliferation and termination of nerves in the female genital organs
Authors: Strogonov V.
Published: September 2020

G. the following results were obtained by means of Golgi's rapid impregnation with osmium-nitric acid silver.
Once again about the danger of intrauterine injection of glycerin for the production of artificial premature birth. Objection to Pelzer's article
Authors: Strogonov V.
Published: September 2020

Objection to Pelzer'y, Pf. gives some details of previously reported cases of glycerol injection for the production of preterm labor.
On the question of myomectomy with intraperitoneal pedicle care
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

The method practiced by the author is as follows. After removing the uterus from the abdominal cavity, the upper abdominal wound is sutured. Four ligaments are tied.
Obstetric and gynecological notes
Authors: Poteenko V. V.
Published: September 2020

We, provincial doctors who work in the wilderness and are not able, very often in difficult cases of medical practice, to consult in a timely manner with an experienced comrade (with little development of provincial medical societies), it seems to me, there should be a need, although with the help of printing, to represent from time to time time for the authorities to judge their mistakes and successes in one or another rendering of assistance to suffering humanity; as a consequence of this need are these my "notes".
Is the Aftershock Zone Area a Good Proxy for the Mainshock Rupture Area?
Authors: Neo Jing Ci , Huang Yihe , Yao Dongdong , Wei Shengji
Published: September 2020

The locations of aftershocks are often observed to be on the same fault plane as the mainshock and used as proxies for its rupture area. Recent developments in earthquake relocation techniques have led to great improvements in the accuracy of earthquake locations, offering an unprecedented opportunity to quantify both the aftershock distribution and the mainshock rupture area. In this study, we design a consistent approach to calculate the area enclosed by aftershocks of 12 Mw≥5.4 mainshocks in California, normalized by the mainshock rupture area derived from slip contours. We also investigate the Coulomb stress change from mainshock slip and compare it with the aftershock zone. We find that overall, the ratios of aftershock zone area to mainshock rupture area, hereinafter referred to as “aftershock ratio”, lie within a range of 0.5–5.4, with most values being larger than 1. Using different slip-inversion models for the same mainshock can have a large impact on the results, but the ratios estimated from both the relocated catalogs and Advanced National Seismic System catalog have similar patterns. The aftershock ratios based on relocated catalogs of southern California fall between 0.5 and 4.3, whereas they exhibit a wider range from 1 to 5.4 for northern California. Aftershock ratios for the early aftershock window (within one-day) show a similar range but of smaller values than using the entire aftershock duration, and we propose that continuing afterslip could contribute to the expanding aftershock zone area following several mainshocks. Our results show that areas with positive Coulomb stress change scale with aftershock zone areas, and spatial distribution of aftershocks represents stress release from mainshock rupture and continuing postseismic slip.
Strain-Estimated Ground Motions Associated with Recent Earthquakes in California
Authors: Farghal Noha , Baltay Annemarie , Langbein John
Published: September 2020

Peak ground velocity (PGV) is a commonly used parameter in earthquake ground-motion models (GMMs) and hazard analyses, because it is closely related to structural damage and felt ground shaking, and is typically measured on broadband seismometers. Here, we demonstrate that strainmeters, which directly measure in situ strain in the bulk rock, can easily be related to ground velocity by a factor of bulk shear-wave velocity and, thus, can be used to measure strain-estimated PGV. We demonstrate the parity of velocity to strain utilizing data from borehole strainmeters deployed along the plate boundaries of the west coast of the United States for nine recent M 4.4–7.1 earthquakes in California, including the largest two events of the July 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. PGVs derived from maximum horizontal shear strains fall within the range of seismic-estimated values recorded at the same distances. We compare the strain-estimated data with GMMs based on seismic PGVs and find consistency in residual polarity (positive vs. negative; the sign of the difference between observed and modeled data) for certain earthquake–station paths, where some paths indicate an overestimation and others indicate an underestimation of strain-derived PGVs, as compared with the GMMs. We surmise that this may be indicative of over or underestimation of shear-wave velocity along those paths, as compared with the average velocity used to derive PGV from strain measurements, or indicative of repeatable site and path effects that are not accounted for in our analyses. This direct comparison of strain with velocity can highlight physical path effects, as well as improve the density and capability of ground-motion recordings.
A study of risk factors and their correlation with severity of retinopathy of prematurity: a prospective study
Authors: Yelameli Bhuvaneshwari C. , Neelannavar Ramesh V. , Das Kiruthika
Published: September 2020

Background: Recent advances in neonatal care in the last decade and improved survival rates have resulted in an apparent increase in the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which is the most important cause of preventable blindness in infants. This study was done to identify the risk factors which predispose to ROP and to assess its correlation with severity of ROP.Methods: A total of 140 neonates with gestational age ≤34 weeks, birth weight ≤2000 grams who were admitted at NICU, S. N. Medical College and HSK Hospital, Bagalkot from December 2018 to May 2019 were considered. Babies were assessed and recorded for the risk factors of ROP in a predesigned proforma. ROP screening was performed using wide-field digital imaging on a retcam shuttle (Clarity MSI, USA).Results: A total of 140 babies were examined, and an overall incidence of ROP was 52 (37.1%). 17 (32.7%) had stage 3, 3 (5.8%) had stage 4, and 1 (1.9%) had stage 5. Among the 52 babies with ROP, 19 (51.3%) underwent laser photoablation. Risk factors like gestational age, birth weight, maternal risk factors, apnea, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis, coronary heart disease (CHD), blood transfusion and oxygen requirement duration were significantly associated with ROP. Delay in the establishment of feeds has been associated with ROP (p<0.001).Conclusions: Screening should be intensified in the presence of risk factors which can reduce the incidence of severe stages of ROP as highlighted by this study.
Conventional audiometric screening for detection of drug induced hearing loss in thalassemics: a pilot study
Authors: Bharadwaj Vikram , Munjal Manish , Chopra Parth , Munjal Shubham , Binepal Sivjot , Chopra Hemant , Sobti Praveen
Published: September 2020

Background: Drug induced hearing impairment is likely in subjects undergoing multiple blood transfusions which necessitates timely detection and rehabilitation, especially in the pediatric age group.Methods: A total 30 thalassemic patients undergoing regular iron chelation therapy with Desferrioxamine and Deferasirox were included in this prospective study. Follow up studies were conducted after 12 months of chelation therapy i.e. after 1 year thus spanning a total duration of 1 years.Results: The most common age group was 4-8 years (46%) followed by 8-12 years (20%). Male patients outnumbered female patients in the ratio of 2.75:1 constituting 73% of study population oral Deferasirox (80%) followed Desferrioxamine (13.3%) and a combination therapy (6.6%). The distribution shows shift of pure tone average in higher thresholds with continuation of therapy.Conclusion: Despite Desferrioxamine doses usually felt to be low risk for ototoxicity (less than 40 mg/kg/day), found a high rate of ototoxicity in our patients using pure tone audiometry (23%).
Profile and pattern of infants with mothers having lactation failure
Authors: Bhatt Sonia , Dhingra Arti , Kashyap Rajesh
Published: September 2020

Background: Breastfeeding mothers face various kinds of problems to breastfeeding. Literature on the frequency and outcome of perceived breast milk insufficiency in mothers of hospitalized neonates in India is patchy and scanty.Methods:  Neonates weighing 1000 grams or more, and their mothers willing to breastfeed formed the study population. Relevant history was taken and clinical examination was performed along with anthropometry of the baby at the time of enrolment in the study. Mothers of neonates were also interviewed. Breast milk was also analyzed for sodium level by ion selective electrophoresis. Weight, head circumference and height were measured at each visit.Results: Of total 285 mothers, 188 mothers (65.9%) said that their milk formation was not sufficient and remaining 97 mothers said that their milk formation was sufficient to fulfil the needs of newborn. Breast milk sodium level was >16 mmol/L in 142 (75.5%) mothers in the crisis group as compared to 21 (21.6%) in the non crisis group. Babies in the crisis group weighed significantly less at admission as well as discharge. The proportion of sick babies, use of bottles/pacifiers and pre lacteal feeds was significantly higher in the crisis group. The velocity of growth of neonates after discharge in both the groups was comparable.Conclusions: Lactation failure was more common among those mothers who were involved in delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Structured counselling sessions with reinforcement on lactation support were proved to be useful to mitigate the situation.
“Political science searching for new thought”: attractive raise of theme but not indisputable
Authors: Mizulin Mikhail Y.
Published: September 2020

This article explains the necessity of putting political thought at the center of political understanding of the world of the political phenomenon. Author says that the formulation and the realization of scientific and educational projects and standards according the scheme «the unknown world - scientist exploring the unknown chaotic world-knowledge as the result of the scientific research of the scientist- publication of the gained knowledge/ introduction of the political discourse- transfer of the gained knowledge to the students and politicians» can work under modern circumstances only with a minimal efficiency or may not work at all. In this particular situation the main and passing subject of the modern political education and scientific research should be political thought and it’s projection into political action and reality. This approach would supply the existing gap in the whole system of competences at which modern education and modern educational bodies should be oriented. In the long-term perspective realization of this kind of program would require the constant methodological verification of basic principles and schemes of thought which were proposed by the representatives of the humanitarian knowledge at least for the last two centuries.
Comparison of the Effect of Sling and Single Interrupted Sutures on Periodontal Parameters after Surgical Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars
Authors: Aghdashi Farzad , Roohandeh Nasrin , Nemati Majid , Tabrizi Reza
Published: September 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the sling and single interrupted sutures regarding dehiscence, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) of adjacent second molars after surgical extraction of impacted or semi-impacted mandibular third molars.
Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial, with a split-mouth design, involved 25 patients with similar bilateral impaction of their mandibular third molars. The same surgeon performed surgical procedures, including a triangular flap and osteotomy. After surgical extraction of third molars, the distal surface of the flap was sutured with sling sutures on one side and single interrupted sutures on the other side. The allocation of suture type to the side of the jaw was random, and the patient was blinded to it. Patients were examined for dehiscence after 7 and 14 days. The PPD and CAL were recorded at the baseline and after 17 weeks. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression model.
Results: The sling suture was significantly superior regarding the improvement of PPD (P=0.041) and CAL (P=0.016). The dehiscence was significantly smaller in the single interrupted suture group 7 days postoperatively (P=0.059). This difference was not significant 14 says postoperatively (P=0.852).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the sling suture was superior to the single interrupted suture regarding PPD and CAL. However, the technique of suturing does not seem to have a significant long-term effect on wound dehiscence.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay to De-tect Toxoplasmosis in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: MIRAHMADI Hadi , HASANZADEH Raheleh , MALEK RAEESI Hamid , FALLAHI Shirzad , KHOSHSIMA SHAHRAKI Mahdi , BADIRZADEH Alireza
Published: September 2020

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) causes an important parasitic infection known as toxoplasmosis, which is a globally distributed important zoonosis. One of the major serious characteristics of T. gondii is its ability to manipulate the behavior of intermediate hosts. We performed a cross-sectional study to determine toxoplasmosis in schizophrenic patients, as one of the major neuropsychiatric disorders, using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technic by targeting parasite B1 gene.
Methods: Blood samples were taken from 118 schizophrenic patients hospitalized in tow hospitals including Baharan, Clinic of Psychiatric Ali-ibn-Abi-Talib Hospital (in Zahedan City), and Amir-al Momenin Psychiatric Hospital (in Zabol City), Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeast Iran in 2016. They were analyzed using LAMP, and compared with the previous data of nested-PCR and serology.
Results: Out of the 118 schizophrenic individuals, 56 patients (47.4%) were found to be infected with T. gondii. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was confirmed in 41 patients (34.7%) via the nested-PCR. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in schizophrenic patients was 55.9% (66/118).
Conclusion: We found a high efficiency of LAMP method in identifying toxoplasmosis and its high prevalence among schizophrenic patients. Our findings could provide viable offer implications for the prevention of schizophrenia.
The Investigation of the Association of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Biopsy Specimens of the Patients with Granulomatous Disease and Skin Cancer Using the Molecular Method
Authors: ÇULHA Gülnaz , Çiğdem DOĞRAMACI Asena , HAKVERDİ Sibel , Evrim SEÇİNTİ İlke , ASLANTAŞ Özkan , ÇELİK Ebru , KAYA Tuğba
Published: September 2020

Background: Clinically, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be confused with granulomatous diseases and skin cancers, and it may lead to erroneous diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis based and histopathology can have some difficulties due to low number of parasites, especially in chronic CL cases. We aimed to emphasize the necessity of considering CL in the differential diagnosis for cases of granulomatous diseases and basal cell carcinoma, particularly in areas where CL is endemic.
Methods:  One hundred and seven paraffin-embedded tissue biopsy specimens were selected from the archive, as of 2002, of Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal in Hatay, Turkey. After DNA isolation, performed with the samples were used for PCR analysis with specific 13A, 13B primers targeting kinetoplastid DNA (kDNA) found in all Leishmania species. Another PCR was performed with LITSR and L5.8S primers targeting ITS-1 internal-transcribed-spacer-1 (ITS-1) region to subtype positive samples. Then these samples were further analyzed for subtyping with PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzyme (BsuRI).
Results: Ten out of 107 tissue specimens were positive via kDNA-PCR. Lupus vulgaris, sarcoidosis, skin lymphoma and Leishmania cutis appeared in 9 out of 10 positive specimens. One of the cases presented with a mass on the cheek and was pre-diagnosed with hemangioma, but leishmaniasis did not appear. All of 10 specimens were diagnosed as granulomatous dermatitis. Two out of 10 samples, found positive with kDNA-PCR, were analyzed with ITS-1-PCR and identified as L. infantum/donovani after RFLP.
Conclusion: Molecular methods should be utilized in the differential diagnosis of CL to eliminate false diagnoses of granulomatous diseases and skin cancers.
Comparison of In Vitro Efficacy of Six Disinfectants on the Hatching of Larval Eggs of Toxocara canis
Authors: ROMERO Camilo , HEREDIA Rafael , BOLIO Manuel , MIRANDA Laura , REYES Laura , ARREDONDO Mauricio , FLORES Ariadna
Published: September 2020

Background: The environmental contamination with Toxocara canis eggs increases the risk of dissemination and transmission of the parasite in dogs and paratenic hosts such as humans. We aimed to evaluate different disinfectants to compare their effect on T. canis eggs.
Methods: For its realization, 850 embryonated eggs were obtained, which were suspended in a solution of 5% formaldehyde and distilled water in Eppendorf tubes. In the tubes containing the 850 embryonated eggs, researchers was added 0.5 mL of each solution (enzymatic solution, sodium hypochlorite, iodopovidone, quaternary of ammonium, benzalkonium chloride, and super oxidation solution). After mixing, an aliquot was taken, observed under the microscope, and the number of broken eggs counted at different times to find the most effective ovicidal moment.
Results: The enzymatic disinfectant present a significant difference (P = 0.05) with 276.06 broken eggs followed by ammonium with 105.20 broken eggs. After 10 min, the ammonium solution was the one that showed a significant difference of 50.50 hatched eggs, followed by the enzymatic 26.80 and hypochlorite 25.00 treatments. After 20 min, the enzymatic solution treatment showed a significant difference with the other solutions showing an increase of 98.80 broken eggs. In the 30 and 40-min times, only the enzymatic treatment showed a significant difference of 334.10 and 381.70 of broken eggs respectively.
Conclusion: The enzymatic solution has the greatest ovicidal effect against the eggs of T. canis to present a greater number of broken eggs in a given time between 20 and 40 minutes.
Serological Study of Fascioliasis Using Indirect ELISA in Gorgan City, Golestan Province, Northern Iran
Authors: BAHRAM Negar , SHARBATKHORI Mitra , TOHIDI Farideh , GHASEMIKHAH Reza
Published: September 2020

Background: Fascioliasis is a neglected zoonotic disease, caused by Fasciola species in human and livestock. We aimed to detect the seroprevalence of human fascioliasis Gorgan City, Golestan Province, northern Iran using ELISA method in 2017.
Methods: Overall, 612 serum samples were analyzed. A relevant questionnaire for demographic data was obtained for all cases. An indirect ELISA test was used to detect IgG antibodies against Fasciola in the sera. The data analysis was performed employing SPSS program version 21.
Results: Eleven cases (1.79%) were seropositive for fascioliasis. The seroprevalence of fascioliasis was 1.9% and 1.1% among males and females, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between the fascioliasis and analyzed variables such as sex, age, residence, job, education, etc.
Conclusion: This study was conducted only on the people referring to the Reference Laboratory of Gorgan. It cannot be distributed to the whole city. Thus, due to importance of the disease, finding the seroprevalence of fascioliasis in a comprehensive survey in Golestan Province should be accounted in further studies.
Epidemiological Study of Parasitic Infections in BuMusa Island, Hormozgan
Authors: SOBATI Hossein
Published: September 2020

Background: This epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in BuMusa Island, Iran, in one year from 2015 to 2016.
Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in coordination with the health authorities of BuMusa on 732 intestinal samples and 1207 blood samples randomly collected from the island residents. Cutaneous lesions of 1207 people were clinically examined and those suspected of parasitic infections were enrolled. Also, 165 intestinal samples from domestic animals, 35 samples from water tanks, and 330 soil samples were taken to the laboratory to be investigated in terms of parasitic infections.
Results: The obtained results showed 26.4% and 45.5% intestinal parasitic infections in humans and animals, respectively. The most prevalent infections in humans were Blastocystis hominis (8.6%), followed by Giardia lamblia (8.2%), and Entamoeba coli (6.8%); and the least prevalent infection was Enterobius vermicularis (<0.2%). Malaria agents and Leishmania were not observed in blood samples. Investigation of animal feces showed that the highest parasitic infection was Eimeria arloingi (16.4%), while the lowest prevalence belonged to Monizia expansa (0.6%). Hymenolepis nana eggs and Cyclops were detected in one sub-source of water tanks. Rhabditis larva, a free-living nematode, was observed in a soil sample.
Conclusion: The prevalence of parasitic infections in BuMusa Island was relatively low probably due to its hot and dry climate.
Seroepidemiological Study of Toxocariasis in Children Aged 6-14 Year Old in Sanandaj, Western Iran
Authors: MAROUFI Yahya , FARIDI Ashkan , KHADEMERFAN Mohammadbagher , BAHRAMI Fares , ZAMINI Ghasem
Published: September 2020

Background: Toxocariasis is a disease caused by Toxocara nematodes and occurs from consuming their eggs. The main hosts of these worms are dogs and cats. The disease in humans becomes a visceral larva migrans (VLM). This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis in children aged 6–14 years.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from Jun 1 2016 to Dec 1 2017 in Sanandaj, west of Iran. A total of 182 serum samples were collected from children age 6 to14 yr referred to medical diagnostic laboratories. Demographic data (age, sex, and parents' literacy status), clinical signs (cough, headache, fever, abdominal pain), and the history of contact with dogs and cats was collected by a questionnaire. The presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibody was detected by T. canis IgG ELISA (IBL, Germany) kit.
Results: Of 182 subjects, 97 (53.3%) were male and 85 (46.7%) female. The average age was 9.2 years. Antibodies against T. canis were positive in three cases (1.65%) of all the studied subjects.
Conclusions: The results showed a low prevalence of toxocariasis in children studied.
The Hematological and Biochemical Manifestations of Cutane-ous Leishmaniasis in a Shih Tzu-Terrier Dog with Severe Infection: A Case Report
Authors: AHMADI-HAMEDANI Mahmooud , HOSSEINPOUR Hediyeh , ESKAFIAN Hesamodin , DAVARPANAH Shayan
Published: September 2020

Cutaneous involvement in canine leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum, is the most frequent clinical manifestation of the zoonotic infectious disease. A 4-month-old female Shih Tzu-terrier dog with significant weight loss and depression and chronic erosive skin lesions around eyes and the area above the nose was presented to the Semnan University Veterinary Hospital teaching, Semnan, Iran. The main clinicopathological findings included marked leukocytosis, neutrophilia, left shift, monocytosis, mild hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was performed based on the presence of a large number of Leishmania amastigotes in skin Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). The dog was euthanized and sent to the autopsy department for further investigation.
Improper Report of Schistosoma haematobium and Associated Vesical Carcinoma in a Young Man from Iran
Authors: NOURIAN Alireza , HEKMATIMOGHADDAM Seyedhossein , SAZMAND Alireza
Published: September 2020

This article is a Letter to Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Echocardiographic and Electrocardiographic Findings in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis without Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Almasi Simin , Farahani Behzad , Samiei Niloufar , Rezaei Yousef , Mahmoodi Habib , Qorbani Mostafa
Published: September 2020

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with more cardiac manifestations than those in the normal population. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of cardiac involvement in patients suffering from AS without cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods: The present case-control study, conducted in 2 university hospitals in Tehran from January 2016 to December 2017, recruited 67 patients with AS and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The diagnosis of AS was based on the classification criteria of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society. All the participants were examined using transthoracic echocardiography and a standard 12-lead ECG. Baseline characteristics, echocardiographic findings, and ECG features were compared between the AS and control groups using univariate analyses.
Results: The median age was 33.5 (IQR25-75%: 20.5–59) years in the AS group and 35 (IQR25-75%: 26–59) years in the control group (P=0.301). The number of patients with left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction was significantly higher in the patients with AS than in the controls (7.5% vs. 20.9%; P=0.067, and 22.9% vs. 5.0%; P=0.026, respectively). The number of individuals with a left-axis deviation and a left anterior fascicular block was significantly higher in the patients suffering from AS than in the control group. The number of patients with aortic valve involvement was comparable between the groups (P=0.332).
Conclusion: The most common cardiac involvement in our patients with AS was left ventricular dysfunction, followed by rhythm disturbances and aortic valve insufficiency. These findings were independent of age, AS severity, and disease duration. Therefore, the implementation of cardiovascular screening can be recommended for patients with AS.
Does Baseline BUN Have an Additive Effect on the Prediction of Mortality in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism?
Authors: Jenab Yaser , Haji-Zeinali Ali-Mohammad , Alemzadeh-Ansari Mohammad Javad , Shirani Shapour , Salarifar Mojtaba , Alidoosti Mohammad , Vahidi Hamed , Pourjafari Marzieh , Jalali Arash , Jalali Arash
Published: September 2020

Background: In patients with heart failure, elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a prognostic factor. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of elevated baseline BUN in short-term mortality among patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).
Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, cardiac biomarkers and BUN levels were measured in patients with acute PE. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality, evaluated based on the baseline BUN (≥14 ng/L) level in 4 groups of patients according to the European Society of Cardiology’s risk stratification (low-risk, intermediate low-risk, intermediate high-risk, and high-risk).
Results: Our study recruited 492 patients with a diagnosis of acute PE (mean age=60.58±16.81 y). The overall 1-month mortality rate was 6.9% (34 patients). Elevated BUN levels were reported in 316 (64.2%) patients. A high simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) score (OR: 5.23, 95% CI: 1.43–19.11; P=0.012), thrombolytic or thrombectomy therapy (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.01–5.13; P=0.021), and elevated baseline BUN levels (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03; P=0.029) were the independent predictors of 30-day mortality. According to our receiver-operating characteristics analysis for 30-day mortality, a baseline BUN level of greater than 14.8 mg/dL was considered elevated. In the intermediate-low-risk patients, mortality occurred only in those with elevated baseline BUN levels (7.2% vs. 0; P=0.008).
Conclusion: An elevated baseline BUN level in our patients with PE was an independent predictor of short-term mortality, especially among those in the intermediate-risk group.
Successful Conservative Treatment of Chylopericardium after Open-Heart Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Borulu Ferhat , Erkut Bilgehan
Published: September 2020

Chylopericardium is a rare complication following cardiac surgery. The incidence of this pathological condition is very low and mainly attributed to lymphatic injuries to the thymus or anterior mediastinum, thoracic duct injuries, or extensive posterior pericardial dissection with the possible interruption of major cardiac lymph channels. A 62-year-old man was admitted to the cardiovascular surgery department for coronary bypass surgery, and the surgical procedure was performed 3 days later. Revision surgery was performed, because of the drainage associated with bleeding. In the post-revision days, the amount of serous drainage increased, and then chylous drainage occurred. After conservative treatment, the drainage of the chylous features decreased and eventually disappeared. The patient was discharged without any problem. At 6 months’ follow-up, the patient was doing well with a normal left ventricular function and without effusion.
Incidentally Detected Sternal Foramen during an Urgent Surgical Revascularization: A Case Report
Authors: Sungur Elif Coşkun , Tütün Ufuk , Tekin Anıl
Published: September 2020

The sternal foramen is an anatomical variation at the lower third of the sternum which carries the risk of life-threatening complications such as pneumothorax. It is usually asymptomatic and can be misinterpreted as an acquired lesion. The sternum is close to the mediastinal structures; the sternal foramen, thus, leaves the lung, heart, and great vessels unprotected during invasive procedures. A 61-year-old male patient was admitted to our emergency department with sudden-onset chest pain. Acute coronary syndrome was diagnosed by the cardiology department. Coronary angiography confirmed the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, and the patient underwent urgent coronary artery bypass grafting. During the exploration, sternotomy was performed with a proper incision. Two sternal images were obtained via the median incision, and a sternal foramen was detected intraoperatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of sternotomy to undergo open-heart surgery for coronary heart disease and to be diagnosed with the sternal foramen intraoperatively. It is of vital importance that surgeons and interventionists recognize the sternal foramen, which leaves the mediastinal structures unprotected, and take early precautions.
Updated Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivery Formats Tailored to the Iranian Population
Authors: Komasi Saeid , Compare Angelo
Published: September 2020

This article is a Letter to Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Estrés y afrontamiento en estudiantes de psicología
Authors: Cassaretto Mónica , Chau Cecilia , Oblitas Haydeé , Valdéz Nancy
Published: September 2020

Se analizó la relación entre estrés, problemas más frecuentes y estilos de afrontamiento en 123 estudiantes universitarios de la especialidad de psicología de una universidad particular en Lima, mediante cuatro instrumentos: a) Ficha Demográfica (Cassaretto, Oblitas & Valdez, 2000), b) Cuestionario de la Respuesta de Estrés (Valdez, 1999), e) Inventario sobre Estilos y Estrategias de Afrontamiento (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989) y d) Cuestionario de Problemas  (Seiffge-Krenke, 1995). Se consideraron las variables edad, sexo, trabajo, respuestas de estrés, problemas y estilos de afrontamiento. Los hallazgos indicaron que a mayor edad mayores niveles de estrés, y que estos eran más elevados al evaluarse los problemas relacionados con el futuro y el sí mismo; por otro lado, los estilos centrados en el problema y la emoción son los más utilizados en el afrontamiento y los que se relacionan con niveles de estrés más bajos.
Comparación de la agresión infantil en dos grupos culturales
Authors: Roa María Luisa , Barrio María Victoria del , Carrasco Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2020

En este trabajo se estudian distintas emociones y comportamientos: Inestabilidad Emocional, Agresividad Física y Verbal, y Conducta Prosocial. En primer lugar, se analizan las correlaciones entre las puntuaciones pertenecientes a las distintas fuentes informantes (jóvenes y profesores). Se comparan también las diferencias entre distintas culturas (española y peruana). La muestra está compuesta por 50 niños y adolescentes; 25 peruanos y 25 españoles. Los datos muestran que, en Agresividad, no hay diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones de los jóvenes y los maestros. Sin embargo, aparece una mayor correlación entre jóvenes y profesores peruanos que entre jóvenes y profesores españoles. Por otro lado, los adolescentes peruanos tienen niveles más elevados en Inestabilidad Emocional, mientras que los españoles alcanzan puntuaciones medias más altas en Conducta Prosocial y Agresividad. Estas diferencias entre los grupos pueden estar motivadas por factores culturales.
Sentimiento de sobrecarga y apoyo social en cuidadores familiares de enfermos crónicos
Authors: Seidmann Susana , Stefani Dorina , Pano Carlos O. , Acrich Luisa , Pupko Vera Bail
Published: September 2020

Se evalúa si la estructura de la red social, el apoyo percibido y su nivel de satisfacción personal inciden en el sentimiento de sobrecarga del cuidador, derivado de la asistencia de un hijo o de un progenitor anciano con una enfermedad crónica invalidante. Con tal fin, fueron administrados a 143 cuidadoras -50,3% madres y 49,7% hijas- el Cuestionario sobre Apoyo Social de Mannheim (1986) y el Cuestionario sobre Sentimiento de Carga de Zarit y Zarit (1999). A partir de las pruebas multivariadas de significación estadística, se puede concluir que las madres presentan una red de parientes mayor que las hijas, aunque no se diferencian significativamente en la percepción del apoyo social. En ellas, el tamaño de la red de parientes, el apoyo instrumental cotidiano y psicológico en crisis aminora el sentimiento de sobrecarga, mientras que en las hijas lo disminuye la mayor intensidad de apoyo instrumental en crisis percibido por ellas.
Metas y satisfacción vital en adolescentes españoles y peruanos según sexo y nivel socioeconómico
Authors: Díaz Morales Juan Francisco , Martínez Patricia
Published: September 2020

El presente estudio analiza el tipo de metas personales y la satisfacción vital en adolescentes españoles y peruanos según sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Se trabajó con 389 adolescentes españoles y con 285 peruanos, de ambos sexos y de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Análisis de Metas Personales de Palys y Little (1983) y la Escala D-T (Delight-Terrible) de Andrews y Withey (1976) para la muestra española, y el Método de Inducción Motivacional de Nuttin (1985) junto con la Escala de Satisfacción con la vida de Pavot y Diener (1993) para la muestra peruana, que aunque no son equivalentes, permiten una comparación general. Los resultados muestran importantes semejanzas en las metas descritas  por los adolescentes de ambos estudios, así como en la influencia de la variable sexo. Las principales diferencias entre los adolescentes españoles y peruanos se encuentran en la variable nivel socioeconómico.
Perspectiva temporal futura y satisfacción con la vida a lo largo del ciclo vital
Authors: Martínez Patricia
Published: September 2020

Este estudio aborda los constructos de Perspectiva Temporal Futura, en sus diferentes dimensiones (Metas, ubicación temporal de las metas y Actitudes Temporales) y de Satisfacción con la vida, desde la adolescencia en adelante. A través de un diseño no experimental, evolutivo transversal, se evaluó a 570 personas de ambos sexos entre los 16 y los 65 años, de dos niveles socioeconómicos de Lima, Perú. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Método de Inducción Motivacional (MIM), la Escala de Actitudes Temporales (TAS) de Nuttin (1985) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) de Pavot y Diener  (1993). Los resultados muestran que la edad supone diferencias importantes en la construcción de las metas y su ubicación temporal, así como en las actitudes hacia el presente, pasado y futuro y en los ni veles de satisfacción. Asimismo, evidencia que el nivel socioeconómico, más que el sexo, influye en estos procesos.
Meta-análisis sobre estudios de identificación y atención al talento y la superdotación en el Perú
Authors: Blumen Sheyla
Published: September 2020

¿Tienen los programas de identificación del talento y la superdotación bases científicas sólidas, justas e imparciales? ¿Son los programas de intervención para talentosos y superdotados efectivos? Las presiones financieras que ejercen las fundaciones que brindan apoyo económico, los cambios recientes en las leyes, así como las consideraciones respecto a la multiculturalidad están forzando a los psicólogos y educadores alrededor del mundo a confrontar estos cuestionamientos. La presente revisión discute los cambios que han empezado a alterar este campo de estudio en América Latina y en especial en el Perú. Se presenta un análisis de estudios empíricos en poblaciones multiculturales, así como una reflexión sobre el impacto de los programas de intervención, a nivel de capacitación docente y de enriquecimiento cognitivo/afectivo, que se desarrollan en la región.
Inteligencia práctica: un instrumento para su evaluación
Authors: Benatuil Denise , Castro Solano Alejandro , Torres Alejandro
Published: September 2020

En este estudio se presentan los pasos para la construcción de un instrumento para evaluar la inteligencia práctica –conocimiento tácito- basado en la teoría de R. Sternberg (Sternberg et al., 2000). Para ello se trabajó en diferentes etapas y con distintos instrumentos.La primera fue la detección de incidentes críticos a partir de entrevistas semidirigidas a 25 cadetes que realizan un programa de entrenamiento combinado académico/militar. La segunda consistió en la aplicación del instrumento piloto (CTLM) a 150 oficiales militares, egresados recientes, construido a partir de los incidentes críticos detectados. La tercera consistió en la evaluación de la calidad de los ítems mediante la técnica de focus group por parte de 10 oficiales instructores -expertos a cargo de la formación de cadetes. En la cuarta fase se diseñaron los tipos de respuestas esperadas para la resolución del incidente, según el criterio de los oficiales instructores y las respuestas específicas de los cadetes a la versión piloto del instrumento CTLM.
Una experiencia de intervención en crisis en el sur del Perú: Brigadas Psicológicas
Authors: Kudó Inés , Velasquéz C. Tesania , Iza R. Mónica , Ángeles R. Alicia , Pezo del Pino César , Martínez Patricia
Published: September 2020

El presente trabajo resume la experiencia de las Brigadas Psicológicas llevadas a cabo en el año 2001 como respuesta al terremoto que azotó al sur del país, causando innumerables pérdidas humanas y materiales y más de doscientos mil damnificados. Las brigadas con­gregaron alrededor de cien voluntarios entre docentes, alumnos y egresados del Departa­mento de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, quienes se movilizaron a las zonas afectadas con el fin de brindar apoyo psicológico. Se presenta la intervención en conjunto: el diseño previo a la intervención propiamente dicha, las técnicas utilizadasdurante la intervención y la evaluación de los resultados. Éstos incluyen el impacto en la población atendida, los factores a los que se atribuye el éxito de la intervención y el im­pacto en los brigadistas. La población atendida remarca de manera especial lo valioso que constituye el sentirse escuchada y acompañada, el contar con espacios para hablar y re­flexionar sobre su experiencia, temores y fantasías.
León, F. R. & Claux, M. (Eds.). (2005). Brechas de género en comportamiento de riesgo juvenil: un estudio en colegios del Perú centro oriental. Lima: Cedro, 160 pp.
Authors: Frisancho Susana
Published: September 2020

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Sexismo ambivalente, estereotipos y valores en el ámbito militar
Authors: Zubieta Elena , Sosa Fernanda , Torres Alejandro
Published: September 2020

El incremento de la presencia femenina en la esfera pública ha provocado cambios culturales que repercuten en la cognición social en términos de expectativas en función del género. Estos cambios interpelan a las organizaciones sociales entre las que se encuentran las Fuerzas Armadas. Desde las formas modernas del prejuicio, se desarrolló un estudio orientado a indagar actitudes de sexismo ambivalente, valores y dominancia social en un grupo de 238 cadetes de ambos sexos del Colegio Militar de la Nación. Los resultados muestran la presencia de actitudes sexistas. En roles sexuales y tipicidad de género las participantes mujeres muestran un estereotipo andrógino, asociado probablemente a la necesidad de presentarse de manera contra estereotípica para funcionar como líderes.
Consistencia interna y estructura factorial de la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck en estudiantes mexicanos
Authors: Córdova Osnaya Martha
Published: September 2020

En una muestra de 971 estudiantes de ambos sexos elegidos en forma aleatoria de la ciudad de México con un promedio de edad de 16.75 anos, se aplicó la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck. Se calculo la consistencia interna y la estructura factorial con el procedimiento reportado por Beck, Weissman, Lester y Trexler (1974) en muestra total y por sexo. Los resultados indicaron confiabilidad adecuada (≥ .70) en la muestra total y por sexo, estructura factorial coincidente solo en el factor Afectivo en la muestra total, y diferencias de saturación y de estructura factorial en ambos sexos. Se concluyo que la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck registra diferente estructura factorial en muestra total y de acuerdo con el sexo.
EVALUACIÓN DEL FACTOR DE SEGURIDAD EN TALUDES DE TERRAPLENES CARRETEROS ALTOS ANTE CARGA SÍSMICA
Authors: Mesa Lavista Milena , Álvarez Pérez José , Chávez Gómez Jorge Humberto
Published: September 2020

Cuando se construye un terraplén carretero, una de las variables analizadas en el diseño es la obtención del factor de seguridad para determinar la estabilidad y seguridad de los taludes. Este diseño se realiza haciendo uso de un análisis estático y, en casos más específicos y aislados haciendo un análisis sísmico. En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio del comportamiento del factor de seguridad en taludes de terraplenes carreteros altos frente a la solicitación sísmica. Para llevar a cabo el presente estudio se realizó un diseño de experimento 32. En el diseño de experimento se varió la altura del terraplén en tres niveles y el nivel de sismicidad, construyendo acelerogramas a partir de los espectros de diseño considerando los parámetros de la sección 3.1 del Manual de diseño de obras civiles de la comisión federal de electricidad de México. En la obtención de los resultados se empleó el método de los elementos finitos (MEF) y el método de Newmark. Como herramienta computacional se empleó el software especializado Geo-Studio con el sub-módulo para el análisis dinámico QUAKE/W, y el sub-módulo para el análisis de estabilidad SLOPE/W. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la necesidad de revisar estas obras frente al sismo sobre todo en zonas de sismicidad alta cuando su altura supere los 12 m.
Emerging Treatment Models and Programs in Intimate Partner Violence Treatment: An Introduction
Authors: Wagers Shelly , Radatz Dana L.
Published: September 2020

In the culmination of 17 manuscripts by more than 40 scholars, the peer-reviewed journalPartner Abusepublished the Partner Abuse State of Knowledge (PASK), the largest scholarly scientific inquiry to date regarding the current state of knowledge for intimate partner violence (IPV), over several issues between 2012 and 2013. The purpose of this current two-volume special issue of Partner Abuse is to build upon these efforts, as promising empirical evidence has continued to unfold. The focus in this series centers on evidence-based treatment for victim–survivors and perpetrators of IPV. This introduction manuscript reviews the historical context of IPV and the evolvement of traditional IPV policies, programs, and treatment models. It then presents a brief overview of our current state of empirical knowledge regarding these traditional models. Finally, it highlights the emerging and promising models that will be presented throughout this two-part series.