bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local site conditions, not landscape context, influence restored plant communities within urban contexts
Authors: Conway Emily E. , Brudvig Lars A.
Published: January 2024

Restoration outcomes are variable, which impairs our ability to plan projects, meet goals, and predict restoration outcomes. Understanding the drivers of this variation is an important research need, especially within urban ecosystems, which support altered abiotic and biotic conditions and face higher rates of loss and degradation than non‐urban areas. Despite the importance of urban areas for restoration, research and practice have largely focused on non‐urban areas. It is unclear if we can extend current knowledge from restoration ecology to urban systems. Here, we surveyed 30 urban prairie restoration plantings across southern Michigan. We collected plant community and site condition data (e.g. soil attributes) and we quantified landscape context as the percentage of urban land surrounding each site. Variation in plant community composition among restorations was related primarily to site‐level factors, such as soil compaction, texture, and water‐holding capacity, rather than landscape context. Non‐prairie species were structured primarily by the local site conditions. There was an increase in non‐prairie richness for sites that experienced warmer local climate conditions, while there was a decrease in non‐prairie richness for sites where soils were less compacted, sandier, and had elevated water‐holding capacity. Prairie species richness responded oppositely. Overall, our study revealed specific factors structuring restoration outcomes in urban contexts and illustrated the importance of local site conditions, not surrounding landscape context, for shaping plant community composition. Restoration practices developed in non‐urban areas should be extended to urban contexts to better understand the impact of local site conditions on plant community development.
Confidence Across Cleavage: The Swiss Rural–Urban Divide, Place‐Based Identity and Political Trust
Authors: Zumbrunn Alina
Published: January 2024

Since political trust is crucial to the survival of political systems, securing its high levels is essential. While Switzerland exhibits a large rural–urban divide in direct democratic votes, it has not yet been researched whether such a divide also exists with regard to political trust. In my investigation of the Swiss rural–urban divide in political trust, I bring in place as a social identity and evaluate whether the rural–urban divide is contingent upon place‐based identity. I employ OLS regression models using original survey data from 2022 with about 4,000 respondents. Results reveal a significant but irrelevantly small rural–urban difference in political trust. However, when interacting place‐based identity with place of living, I find that identity inverts the rural–urban divide. When place‐based identity is low, rural residents exhibit higher levels of political trust than urban residents, but when place‐based identity is high, trust is higher in urban than in rural places.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPA1*02:122 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Blandin Lucie , Duclaut Marion , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Lemal Richard , Rouzaire Paul
Published: January 2024

HLA‐DPA1*02:122 differs from HLA‐DPA1*02:01:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 78 in exon 2.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*14:122 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Blandin Lucie , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Cargou Marine , Lemal Richard , Rouzaire Paul
Published: January 2024

HLA‐B*14:122 differs from HLA‐B*14:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 102 in exon 3.
A virtual simulation‐based clinical skills course
Authors: Kassutto Stacey , Clancy Caitlin , Harbison Sean , Tsao Suzana
Published: January 2024

Background

Advancements in technology continue to transform the landscape of medical education. Virtual reality (VR) and remote simulation represent unique approaches to teaching students clinical skills through experiential learning.

Approach

We developed, implemented and evaluated a virtual simulation‐based course modelled on Kolb's Learning Cycle. A 5‐day, 15‐h virtual clerkship clinical skills curriculum designed to help students recognise a patient requiring urgent or emergent care was piloted in May 2020. VR and remote simulations facilitated concrete experiences, reflective observation, concept formation, and active experimentation. Curricular evaluation included analysis of usage, performance, self‐assessment, and perceptions of educational value.

Evaluation

One hundred and fifty‐six students completed 436 VR sessions (median 3 per student). Students repeated virtual cases, on average, 75% of the time, demonstrating improvement in average performance scores from 59% (attempt 1) to 72% (attempt 2). Post‐course evaluations, completed by 109 (69.9%) students, demonstrated significant improvements in mean scores in all domains of a self‐assessment based on emergent care skills.

Implications

We developed and implemented a virtual clinical skills course that allowed students to progress through all four stages of Kolb's Learning Cycle. VR and remote simulations represent an opportunity for educators to reimagine and expand opportunities for experiential learning. The number of students accommodated, total virtual simulations completed, and positive student feedback suggests that this may be a feasible, acceptable, and scalable method for increasing opportunities for progression through Kolb's Learning Cycle. Further investigation into impact on educational outcomes is needed.
The use of mixed reality technology within the donor collection experience
Authors: Pandey Suchitra , Goel Ruchika , Kapral Jennifer , Kieffer Theodore , Kang Jason , Shaffer Hunter , Hermelin Daniela , Hartwell Beth
Published: January 2024

Background

Mixed reality (MR), a form of virtual reality (VR), provides an immersive and interactive experience for the user. Given VR's benefits in patients undergoing needle insertion procedures, MR's usability, impact on anxiety, and safety were evaluated in the blood donation setting.

Study Design and Methods

Whole blood donors ≥18 years old (yo) were enrolled at two blood centers and provided a MR headset with independently developed software to wear during blood donation. Pre‐ and post‐donation questionnaires were conducted, and reaction data were reviewed. A post‐study questionnaire was also completed by staff who assisted donors with MR. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multinomial logistic regression were performed, and p values determined statistical significance between variables.

Results

A total of 282 donors completed the study. 84% wanted to try MR because it seemed fun/different/cool/interesting, and most staff (69%) and donors (68%) found MR easy to use. Baseline subjective anxiety, reported by 50.3% (more often in females, first‐time donors, and donors <20 yo), was reduced by MR in 68.4% of donors, and there was a 3.6 times higher odds of anxiety reduction with MR. 54% of donors with baseline anxiety would use MR again with the highest future interest in young donors. Donor reactions while using MR were mild and included pre‐faint reactions and hematomas.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the potential of MR in reducing donor anxiety, its feasibility during blood donation, and its safety in blood donors. MR is an innovative technology that holds promise to increase donor engagement, satisfaction, and retention.
Spatial Grid Resolution Effects on Dynamics of Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Imani Hasan , Karimirad Madjid
Published: January 2024

Modelling a proper stochastic inflow wind field for dynamic analysis of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) is affected by turbine specifications and wind characteristics. These considerations and assumptions could potentially have a significant effect on the motions and structural loads and dynamic responses of the system. Previous studies have investigated the impact of various parameters — such as yaw misalignment, aerodynamic properties, blade mass imbalance, turbulence spectra, shear, veer, spatial coherence, component correlation, ant etc. — which could vary at different offshore sites and under different atmospheric conditions. Among different influencing factors in modelling the turbulence field, the importance and potential sensitivity of the system’s dynamics to the spatial grid resolution have not yet been fully explored. The present study, therefore, seeks to assess the influence of this variable on the dynamics of bottom-fixed and floating supported OWTs; and provide a basis for an acceptable grid spacing resolution for inflow turbulence generation to preserve a certain level of accuracy in estimating the response statistics. To this aim, a series of stochastic inflow wind fields with different degrees of coarseness from the typically recommended resolution, i.e., maximum chordlength, up to twelve times of this value have been simulated; and the dynamic behaviour of two bottom-fixed and floating supported OWTs during normal operational conditions were analyzed. Response statistics for different spatial grid resolutions were compared with the “base inflow” case. The results demonstrated that the extent of impact that spatial grid resolution has on the dynamics of an OWT is greatly sensitive to not only the controlling strategy but also can the type of supporting structure and design-deriving response variable. By understanding the extent of spatial grid resolution influence on various response variable for two bottom-fixed and floating supported models, insights into potential modification required in regards to this parameter for establishing efficient and physically consistent stochastic inflow wind fields are provided.
Aero-Hydrodynamic Studies of a 15 MW Semi-Submersible FOWT to Assess the Suitability of the Inclusion of a Damper System
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhao Chenyu , Johanning Lars , Pillai Ajit C.
Published: January 2024

Floating offshore wind turbines can exploit the high energy density experienced in offshore environments, with turbines now reaching up to 15 MW in size. However, given the larger size of these turbines and the severe offshore environment, there remains significant challenges in motion stabilization. To overcome these challenges, the inclusion of a damper system could be considered to reduce motions. This paper conducts a numerical dynamic analysis of a 15 MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine under a range of environmental conditions, informing the design criteria for such a damper system. The study presents the findings under different environmental loading conditions. In the first instance, the time-domain results of hydrodynamic study were used to determine the dominant characteristics. The initial study identified the pitch motion of main concern. The simulations were carried out under wave-only and wind-wave loading. In the wave-only conditions study, excitation modes were observed at both the eigenfrequency and excitation frequency, dependent on wave conditions. When the wind loads were introduced, a large mean pitch offset and amplitude relative to the mean offset were observed. Within the discussion, a dual damper system is suggested to increase the stability of the platform.
Efficient Modeling of Floating Wind Arrays Including Current Loads and Seabed Bathymetry
Authors: Hall Matthew , West William , Housner Stein , Lozon Ericka
Published: January 2024

Capabilities for modeling the effects of seabed bathymetry and current drag loads on a floating wind farm are now available in an open-source model for quasi-static analysis. In this model, mooring lines and dynamic cables are represented by a quasi-static solver that can quickly represent complex mooring/cabling arrangements and arrays of floating bodies. To account for seabed bathymetry, we expand the model to include a surface mesh that captures changes in water depth over a rectangular grid. We formulate modifications to the catenary equations that capture a mooring line’s profile and tensions when contacting a slope seabed. To account for current drag loads on mooring lines and dynamic cables, we formulate a novel technique that rotates the reference frame so that the vector sum of the the weight and the current force are used in the catenary equations, while accounting for the seabed orientation. To complete the system, current drag loads on floating substructures are handled by inclusion of strip-theory drag calculations.

These new capabilities are verified by comparing with results from the established offshore dynamics models MoorDyn and OrcaFlex in equivalent steady-state scenarios. The results show very good agreement for both sloped seabeds and current loads. With computation times of the quasi-static model typically under one second, the model additions are a useful capability toward rapidly evaluating a floating wind array’s response to environmental loads under realistic site conditions.
Sequentially Coupled Analysis for a Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Hussein Karim Raed , Duncan Dylan
Published: January 2024

Given the UK’s target of achieving 5 GW of floating wind power by 2030, it is crucial to have reliable approaches to optimize the floating foundations to support new generation wind turbines that will fulfil this target. This paper presents a sequentially coupled analysis for the 15MW VolturnUS-S reference floating wind turbine using Ansys AQWA, a software that does not possess the capability for a fully coupled analysis like OpenFAST or Bladed software. The main reason for using Ansys AQWA in this study is its ability to transfer hydrodynamic loads and cable forces to Ansys Mechanical smoothly. This capability ensures that these loads and forces are accurately incorporated into the floater’s finite element analysis (FEA). This paper uses OpenFAST to estimate the tower-based forces and moments for the 15MW VolturnUS-S reference floating wind turbine, which are subsequently imported into Ansys AQWA. OpenFast simulations are conducted for six wind speeds for each wind speed in the design load case matrix. The simulations are performed in no-wave and wind conditions to prevent double-counting hydrodynamic loads. In addition, the effects of enabling and disabling the platform’s degrees of freedom on the aerodynamic loads are examined. Afterwards, these loads are imported into Ansys AQWA, and simulations are conducted for three design load cases. The results are validated against published literature that employs a fully coupled approach, revealing certain discrepancies in the floater response. The results tend to slightly overestimate cable tension, suggesting that this approach yields a conservative estimate of the tension in the mooring cables.
Coupled Numerical Simulation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platforms: Investigating the Effects of Wave and Wind Loading Using a High-Fidelity SPH-Based Model
Authors: Tagliafierro Bonaventura , Karimirad Madjid , Capasso Salvatore , Göteman Malin , Matínez-Estévez Iván , Domínguez José M. , Altomare Corrado , Viccione Giacomo , Crespo Alejandro J. C. , Negrut Dan
Published: January 2024

In order to enhance the overall comprehension of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) performance, a detailed investigation into the dynamic response of a commonly used floater type, namely the tension-leg platform tension-leg platform (TLP), has been undertaken. The objective is to utilize high-fidelity numerical tools to analyze and characterize the expected forces in the anchoring systems resulting from combined actions of sea waves and wind. To capture the coupled effects of waves and wind, a reliable dataset is generated through a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics tool. This tool is essential to capturing the nonlinearities inherent in the interaction between waves and low surge-stiffness platforms, such as the TLP being studied here. The outcomes of this study, presented as a survivor analysis, aim to provide insight into the characteristic values that arise from various load combinations in the mooring system, considering the specific environmental conditions at the site. Given the challenging nature faced by FOWTs, the analysis will primarily focus on extreme loading cases, accounting for the global motions induced by wind thrust when the turbine is in survival mode (i.e., parked conditions).
TrkB receptor interacts with mGlu
2
receptor and mediates antipsychotic-like effects of mGlu
2
receptor activation in the mouse
Authors: Philibert Clémentine Eva , Disdier Candice , Lafon Pierre-André , Bouyssou Alexandre , Oosterlaken Mathieu , Galant Sonya , Pizzoccaro Anne , Tuduri Pola , Ster Jeanne , Liu Jianfeng , Kniazeff Julie , Pin Jean-Philippe , Rondard Philippe , Marin Philippe , Vandermoere Franck
Published: January 2024

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu
2
) attracts particular attention as a possible target for a new class of antipsychotics. However, the signaling pathways transducing the effects of mGlu
2
in the brain remain poorly characterized. Here, we addressed this issue by identifying native mGlu
2
interactome in mouse prefrontal cortex. Nanobody-based affinity purification and mass spectrometry identified 149 candidate mGlu
2
partners, including the neurotrophin receptor TrkB. The later interaction was confirmed both in cultured cells and prefrontal cortex. mGlu
2
activation triggers phosphorylation of TrkB on Tyr
816
in primary cortical neurons and prefrontal cortex. Reciprocally, TrkB stimulation enhances mGlu
2
-operated G
i/o
protein activation. Furthermore, TrkB inhibition prevents the rescue of behavioral deficits by glutamatergic antipsychotics in phencyclidine-treated mice. Collectively, these results reveal a cross-talk between TrkB and mGlu
2
, which is key to the behavioral response to glutamatergic antipsychotics.
Species identification of ivory and bone museum objects using minimally invasive proteomics
Authors: Gilbert Catherine , Krupicka Vaclav , Galluzzi Francesca , Popowich Aleksandra , Bathany Katell , Claverol Stéphane , Arslanoglu Julie , Tokarski Caroline
Published: January 2024

Ivory is a highly prized material in many cultures since it can be carved into intricate designs and have a highly polished surface. Due to its popularity, the animals from which ivory can be sourced are under threat of extinction. Identification of ivory species is not only important for CITES compliance, it can also provide information about the context in which a work was created. Here, we have developed a minimally invasive workflow to remove minimal amounts of material from precious objects and, using high-resolution mass spectrometry–based proteomics, identified the taxonomy of ivory and bone objects from The Metropolitan Museum of Art collection dating from as early as 4000 B.C. We built a proteomic database of underrepresented species based on exemplars from the American Museum of Natural History, and proposed alternative data analysis workflows for samples containing inconsistently preserved organic material. This application demonstrates extensive ivory species identification using proteomics to unlock sequence uncertainties, e.g., Leu/Ile discrimination.
Coastal trapped waves and tidal mixing control primary production in the tropical Angolan upwelling system
Authors: Körner Mareike , Brandt Peter , Illig Serena , Dengler Marcus , Subramaniam Ajit , Bachèlery Marie-Lou , Krahmann Gerd
Published: January 2024

Eastern boundary upwelling systems are hotspots of marine life and primary production. The strength and seasonality of upwelling in these systems are usually related to local wind forcing. However, in some tropical upwelling systems, seasonal maxima of productivity occur when upwelling favorable winds are weak. Here, we show that in the tropical Angolan upwelling system (tAUS), the seasonal productivity maximum is due to the combined effect of coastal trapped waves (CTWs) and elevated tidal mixing on the shelf. During austral winter, the passage of an upwelling CTW displaces the nitracline upward by more than 50 m. Thereby, nitrate-rich waters spread onto the shelf, where elevated vertical mixing causes a nitrate flux into the surface mixed layer. Interannual variability of the productivity maximum is strongly correlated to the amplitude of the upwelling CTW as seen in sea level data. Given that CTWs are connected to equatorial forcing, a predictability of the strength of the productivity maximum is suggested.
PP2A complex disruptor SET prompts widespread hypertranscription of growth-essential genes in the pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Xu He , Wu Di , Xiao Mingming , Lei Yubin , Lei Yalan , Yu Xianjun , Shi Si
Published: January 2024

Hyperactivation of the oncogenic transcription reflects the epigenetic plasticity of the cancer cells. Su(var)3-9, enhancer of zeste, Trithorax (SET) was described as a nuclear factor that stimulated transcription from the chromatin template. However, the mechanisms of SET-dependent transcription are unknown. Here, we found that overexpression of SET and CDK9 induced very similar transcriptome signatures in multiple cancer cell lines. SET localized in the transcription start site (TSS)–proximal regions and supported the RNA transcription. SET specifically bound the PP2A-C subunit and induced PP2A-A subunit repulsion from the C subunit, which indicated the role of SET as a PP2A-A/C complex disruptor in the TSS-proximal regions. Through blocking PP2A activity, SET assisted CDK9 to maintain Pol II CTD phosphorylation and activated mRNA transcription. Our findings position SET as a key factor that modulates chromatin PP2A activity, promoting the oncogenic transcription in the pancreatic cancer.
Sulfated bile acid is a host-derived ligand for MAIT cells
Authors: Ito Emi , Inuki Shinsuke , Izumi Yoshihiro , Takahashi Masatomo , Dambayashi Yuki , Ciacchi Lisa , Awad Wael , Takeyama Ami , Shibata Kensuke , Mori Shotaro , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Fairlie David P. , Bamba Takeshi , Ishikawa Eri , Nagae Masamichi , Rossjohn Jamie , Yamasaki Sho
Published: January 2024

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that recognize bacterial riboflavin–based metabolites as activating antigens. Although MAIT cells are found in tissues, it is unknown whether any host tissue–derived antigens exist. Here, we report that a sulfated bile acid, cholic acid 7-sulfate (CA7S), binds the nonclassical MHC class I protein MR1 and is recognized by MAIT cells. CA7S is a host-derived metabolite whose levels were reduced by more than 98% in germ-free mice. Deletion of the sulfotransferase 2a family of enzymes (
Sult2a1-8
) responsible for CA7S synthesis reduced the number of thymic MAIT cells in mice. Moreover, recognition of CA7S induced MAIT cell survival and the expression of a homeostatic gene signature. By contrast, recognition of a previously described foreign antigen, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-
d
-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), drove MAIT cell proliferation and the expression of inflammatory genes. Thus, CA7S is an endogenous antigen for MAIT cells, which promotes their development and function.
Mis-spliced transcripts generate de novo proteins in TDP-43–related ALS/FTD
Authors: Seddighi Sahba , Qi Yue A. , Brown Anna-Leigh , Wilkins Oscar G. , Bereda Colleen , Belair Cedric , Zhang Yong-Jie , Prudencio Mercedes , Keuss Matthew J. , Khandeshi Aditya , Pickles Sarah , Kargbo-Hill Sarah E. , Hawrot James , Ramos Daniel M. , Yuan Hebao , Roberts Jessica , Sacramento Erika Kelmer , Shah Syed I. , Nalls Mike A. , Colón-Mercado Jennifer M. , Reyes Joel F. , Ryan Veronica H. , Nelson Matthew P. , Cook Casey N. , Li Ziyi , Screven Laurel , Kwan Justin Y. , Mehta Puja R. , Zanovello Matteo , Hallegger Martina , Shantaraman Anantharaman , Ping Lingyan , Koike Yuka , Oskarsson Björn , Staff Nathan P. , Duong Duc M. , Ahmed Aisha , Secrier Maria , Ule Jernej , Jacobson Steven , Reich Daniel S. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Malaspina Andrea , Dickson Dennis W. , Glass Jonathan D. , Ori Alessandro , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Maragkakis Manolis , Petrucelli Leonard , Fratta Pietro , Ward Michael E.
Published: January 2024

Functional loss of TDP-43, an RNA binding protein genetically and pathologically linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), leads to the inclusion of cryptic exons in hundreds of transcripts during disease. Cryptic exons can promote the degradation of affected transcripts, deleteriously altering cellular function through loss-of-function mechanisms. Here, we show that mRNA transcripts harboring cryptic exons generated de novo proteins in TDP-43–depleted human iPSC–derived neurons in vitro, and de novo peptides were found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with ALS or FTD. Using coordinated transcriptomic and proteomic studies of TDP-43–depleted human iPSC–derived neurons, we identified 65 peptides that mapped to 12 cryptic exons. Cryptic exons identified in TDP-43–depleted human iPSC–derived neurons were predictive of cryptic exons expressed in postmortem brain tissue from patients with TDP-43 proteinopathy. These cryptic exons produced transcript variants that generated de novo proteins. We found that the inclusion of cryptic peptide sequences in proteins altered their interactions with other proteins, thereby likely altering their function. Last, we showed that 18 de novo peptides across 13 genes were present in CSF samples from patients with ALS/FTD spectrum disorders. The demonstration of cryptic exon translation suggests new mechanisms for ALS/FTD pathophysiology downstream of TDP-43 dysfunction and may provide a potential strategy to assay TDP-43 function in patient CSF.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric
Listeria monocytogenes
meningitis based on 10-year data from a large children’s hospital in China
Authors: Xia Xueqian , Zhang Lingyu , Zheng Hao , Peng Xiaoling , Jiang Li , Hu Yue
Published: January 2024

This study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of
Listeria monocytogenes
(LM) meningitis in children in Chongqing, China. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data and follow-up results of 20 LM meningitis patients admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU) from January 2012 to December 2022 was performed. The LM meningitis incidence rate was between 0 and 14.3 per 100,000 persons. The median age at onset was 8.98 months. There were five neonate cases, which all had perinatal abnormalities. Seven non-neonatal cases (7/15, 46.7%) had a documented history of contaminated food intake. One case had primary immunodeficiency. The most common symptoms were fever (20/20), altered consciousness (19/20), and vomiting (15/20). Seven cases had seizures, eight cases had cranial nerve involvement, eight cases had positive Babinski sign, and 10 cases had positive meningeal signs. The most common complications were hyponatremia (6/20), hypokalemia (6/20), respiratory failure (5/20), subdural effusion (3/20), and hydrocephalus (2/20). Treatment primarily involved monotherapy or combination therapy with meropenem (15/20) and ampicillin (10/20). Fifteen cases were treated with monotherapy or combination therapy using vancomycin. Twelve cases were successfully followed up from 10 months to 9 years and 6 months, and all had favorable long-term outcomes. LM meningitis incidence in children is low and with nonspecific clinical manifestations. Strengthening food hygiene and safety education, and avoiding infections during pregnancy are important to prevent LM infection in neonates and high-risk individuals. Meropenem and ampicillin are the preferred treatments. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve prognosis.

IMPORTANCE

The incidence of LM meningitis is extremely low, and there is currently no standardized treatment. We conducted a retrospective analysis of ten years of data from CHCMU regarding diagnosed LM meningitis cases, aiming to provide clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment.
Supplemental Material: Two pulsed activities of the Emeishan large igneous province in southwestern China inferred from dolomite U-Pb geochronology and significance
Authors: Xiao Di , Cao Jian , et al.
Published: January 2024

Table S1: Raw ratios and metadata for LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of sucrosic dolomite (SuD) and saddle dolomite (SaD) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, Sichuan Basin. Table S2: Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope compositions of matrix limestone, sucrosic dolomite (SuD) and saddle dolomite (SaD) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, Sichuan Basin. Table S3: Rare-earth element + Yttrium and trace element (Manganese and Strontium) data for matrix limestone, sucrosic dolomite (SuD) and saddle dolomite (SaD) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, Sichuan Basin.
Supplemental Material: Two pulsed activities of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province in southwestern China inferred from dolomite U-Pb geochronology and significance
Authors: Xiao Di , Cao Jian , et al.
Published: January 2024

Table S1: Raw ratios and metadata for LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of sucrosic dolomite (SuD) and saddle dolomite (SaD) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, Sichuan Basin. Table S2: Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope compositions of matrix limestone, sucrosic dolomite (SuD) and saddle dolomite (SaD) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, Sichuan Basin. Table S3: Rare-earth element + Yttrium and trace element (Manganese and Strontium) data for matrix limestone, sucrosic dolomite (SuD) and saddle dolomite (SaD) in the lower Permian Qixia Formation, Sichuan Basin.
Erratum to: Supramolecular Strategy for the Design of Nanocarriers for Drugs and Natural Bioactives: Current State of the Art (A Review)
Authors: Zakharova L. Ya. , Maganova F. I. , Sinyashin K. O. , Gaynanova G. A. , Mirgorodskaya A. B. , Vasilieva E. A. , Sinyashin O. G.
Published: January 2024

Erratum
Paediatric bilateral ‘floating elbow’
Authors: Rangasamy Karthick , Maheshwari Shivam , Ghosh Akash , Gopinathan Nirmal Raj
Published: January 2024

A child sustained an ipsilateral supracondylar humerus (SCH) and distal both-bone forearm fractures bilaterally, in addition to facial injuries, following a fall from height. He was managed surgically by closed reduction and pinning for both SCH and distal end radius fractures bilaterally. At the final follow-up, all the fractures had united uneventfully, and he had no functional limitations or cosmetic concerns. We conclude that a floating elbow in the paediatric population is an uncommon injury, and the bilateral scenario is even rarer. One should be vigilant for compartment syndrome; early surgical fixation may give better results.
Shadowing effect of an existing tunnel on the evolution of soil arching: impact of tunnel shape
Authors: Zhang Rui-Xiao , Su Dong , Lin Xing-Tao , Lou Hong-Jun , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: January 2024

This study evaluates the shadowing effect of existing tunnels on the evolution of soil arching, focusing on the shape of the tunnel (circular and rectangular) through trapdoor experiments. The displacement and shear strain distributions of ground soil resulting from trapdoor movement were estimated using a digital image correlation technique. The results showed that the shadowing effect of the rectangular tunnel was significantly greater than that of the circular tunnel of the same size. The sand above the tunnel was displaced in a double-groove pattern owing to the presence of the tunnel, and the maximum surface settlement occurred between the tunnel boundary and the trapdoor edge. The circular tunnels exhibited consistently higher maximum surface displacements than that in the rectangular tunnels. The shear strain value of soil was lower for the rectangular tunnel case than that for the circular tunnel case. The rectangular tunnels required lesser trapdoor displacement than that of the circular tunnel to obtain the minimum soil arching ratio. The minimum and ultimate soil arching ratios increased as the burial depth ratio increased for both the tunnel shapes. The maximum stress ratio of the tunnel crown was consistently larger for the circular case than for the rectangular case.
Effects of street plants on atmospheric particulate dispersion in urban streets: A review
Authors: Wang Xiaoshuang , Zhou Zhixiang , Xiang Yang , Peng Chucai , Peng Changhui
Published: January 2024

Numerous empirical studies have demonstrated that street trees not only reduce dust pollution and absorb particulate matter (PM) but also improve microclimates, providing both ecological functions and aesthetic value. However, recent research has revealed that street tree canopy cover can impede the dispersion of atmospheric PM within street canyons, leading to the accumulation of street pollutants. Although many studies have investigated the impact of street trees on air pollutant dispersion within street canyons, the extent of their influence remains unclear and uncertain. Pollutant accumulation corresponds to the specific characteristics of individual street canyons, coupled with meteorological factors and pollution source strength. Notably, the characteristics of street tree canopy cover also exert a significant influence. There is still a quantitative research gap on street tree cover impacts with respect to pollution and dust reduction control measures within street spaces. To improve urban traffic environments, policymakers have mainly focused on scientifically based street vegetation deployment initiatives in building ecological garden cities and improving the living environment. To address uncertainties regarding the influence of street trees on the dispersion of atmospheric PM in urban streets, this study reviews dispersion mechanisms and key atmospheric PM factors in urban streets, summarizes the research approaches used to conceptualize atmospheric PM dispersion in urban street canyons, and examines urban plant efficiency in reducing atmospheric PM. Furthermore, we also address current challenges and future directions in this field to provide a more comprehensive understanding of atmospheric PM dispersion in urban streets and the role that street trees play in mitigating air pollution.
Advancing nanofluid analysis: A GBR-GSO predictive model for accurate prediction of specific heat capacity in nanofluids
Authors: Singh Hari Mohan , Sharma Durga Prasad
Published: January 2024

Nanofluids, characterized by the dispersion of nanoparticles in a base liquid, have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their exceptional thermal properties. Specifically, the specific heat capacity of nanofluids plays a crucial role in the design and optimization of heat transfer systems. Traditional experimental methods for determining the specific heat capacity of nanofluids are often limited in terms of cost, time, and operating condition ranges. To address these limitations, this research focuses on the development of a novel predictive model for estimating the specific heat capacity of nanofluids. This study aims to develop a machine learning regression model called Gradient Boost Regression (GBR) with Grid Search optimization (GSO) for accurately predicting the specific heat capacity of aluminum nitride (Al2N3) nanoparticles that are suspended in both water and an ethylene glycol (EG) solution. The GBR-GSO model capitalizes on the strengths of GBR, which can effectively capture complex relationships, and GSO, a metaheuristic optimization technique inspired by the law of gravity. By integrating these two approaches, we aim to create a robust and accurate predictive model for specific heat capacity in nanofluids. To develop and validate the GBR-GSO model, a diverse dataset based on experimental-specific heat capacity collected from the literature has been designed. The performance of the model has been evaluated by comparing its predictions with experimental data. The GBR-GSO model achieved 99.99% accuracy with the experimental data of specific heat capacity. This research contributes to the advancement of nanofluid-based heat transfer systems by providing an effective tool for predicting the specific heat capacity of nanofluids. The developed model can facilitate the design and optimization of various engineering applications, leading to the development of energy-efficient and sustainable technologies.
Comprehensive scrutinization of ternary hybrid Casson nanofluid flow in a conducting porous rotating disk with internal heating
Authors: Kumar Maddina Dinesh , Suneetha Sangapatnam , Ramasekhar Gunisetty , Ramesha M. , Raju C. S. K , Raju S. V. Sivarama
Published: January 2024

The utilization of a ternary hybrid nanofluid, a recent development in the realm of nanofluids, can result in improved heat transfer. In the ongoing study, a ternary hybrid nanofluid flow is utilized, and it is carried out atop a porous spinning disc, which is exposed to a magnetic field, heat generation, thermal radiation, and Casson fluid. In this study, Blood/Water are taken as base fluids and (Ag–Au–Al2O3) are considered as a ternary hybrid nanoparticle. Nanoparticles made of gold and silver are put to use in a vast number of industries and fields, including nanotechnology and medicine. As a result of surface effects and quantum effects, these precious metals exhibit unique features in nanoform that play a vital role in with optical, magnetic, chemical, and mechanical behavior. Al2O3 unique optical, physical and biochemical qualities make it worthwhile for numerous uses, including nanophotonic, catalysis and the fabrication of high-energy composites. A set of relevant similarity transformations is used to generate non-dimensional forms of controlling paired nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). MATLAB is used to perform a numerical solution with ODE45. In addition, the velocity outline decreases, and the temperature profile increases slightly before decreasing over a revolving disk when the values of magnetic parameters are increased. The distribution and radiant heat components heat up as the level gets higher.

Aim and objectives of the study:

The aim of this study is to analyze the Comprehensive Scrutinization of Ternary hybrid and Casson flow in a conducting porous rotating disk with internal heating. The primary objective of this analysis is to increase awareness of the impending energy crisis among those working in the industrial and technological sectors. Ternary nanoparticles (NPs) have a wide range of applications, which lends credence to the developed model. For example, Al2O3 can be used in a variety of ways that benefit society, it is used in water purification to remove water from the gas streams and extend people’s lives.
Enhancement in MAPbI3−xClx-based perovskite solar cell performance using numerical simulation
Authors: Ritu  , Gagandeep  , Kumar Ramesh , Chand Fakir
Published: January 2024

This work deals with the simulation of a perovskite solar cell with structure, ITO/SnO2/MAPbI[Formula: see text]Clx/Spiro-MeOTAD/Ag using SCAPS-1D software. The optimization of absorber thickness and carriers’ lifetime results in [Formula: see text]% ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mA/cm2 and [Formula: see text]%). The same structures are also analyzed without ETL and HTL for making cost-effective solar cell. The efficiencies for both ETL and HTL free structures are found to be 17.42% and 9.98%, respectively. Further, the optimization of gradient doping shows a significant increment in performance parameters i.e. [Formula: see text]% ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mA/cm2 and [Formula: see text]%). Moreover, the analysis of various factors like average doping concentration, number of absorber sublayers, recombination velocities and temperature on the cell performance are performed to examine device stability. Present observations suggest that by considering only two sublayers, one can achieve the highest cell performance by using the gradient doping method. We have also validated the cell performance by comparing it with the experimental results and found a good agreement in both. Our findings may provide an effective route to fabricate highly efficient solar cell devices.
Math Word Problem Generation via Disentangled Memory Retrieval
Authors: Qin Wei , Wang Xiaowei , Hu Zhenzhen , Wang Lei , Lan Yunshi , Hong Richang
Published: January 2024

The task of math word problem (MWP) generation, which generates an MWP given an equation and relevant topic words, has increasingly attracted researchers’ attention. In this work, we introduce a simple memory retrieval module to search related training MWPs, which are used to augment the generation. To retrieve more relevant training data, we also propose a disentangled memory retrieval module based on the simple memory retrieval module. To this end, we first disentangle the training MWPs into logical description and scenario description and then record them in respective memory modules. Later, we use the given equation and topic words as queries to retrieve relevant logical descriptions and scenario descriptions from the corresponding memory modules, respectively. The retrieved results are then used to complement the process of the MWP generation. Extensive experiments and ablation studies verify the superior performance of our method and the effectiveness of each proposed module. The code is available at
https://github.com/mwp-g/MWPG-DMR
.
Perceptual Quality Assessment of Omnidirectional Images: A Benchmark and Computational Model
Authors: Liu Xuelin , Yan Jiebin , Huang Liping , Fang Yuming , Wan Zheng , Liu Yang
Published: January 2024

Compared with traditional 2D images, omnidirectional images (also referred to as 360
∘
images) have more complicated perceptual characteristics due to the particularities of imaging and display. How humans perceive omnidirectional images in an immersive environment and form the immersive quality of experience are important problems. Thus, it is crucial to measure the quality of omnidirectional images under different viewing conditions, which suffer from realistic distortions. In this article, we build a large-scale subjective assessment database for omnidirectional images and carry out a comprehensive psychophysical experiment to study the relationships between different factors (viewing conditions and viewing behaviors) and the perceptual quality of omnidirectional images. In addition, we collect both subjective ratings and head movement data. A thorough analysis of the collected subjective data is also provided, where we make several interesting findings. Moreover, with the proposed database, we propose a novel transformer-based omnidirectional image quality assessment model. To be consistent with the human viewing process, viewing conditions and behaviors are naturally incorporated into the proposed model. Specifically, the proposed model mainly consists of three parts: viewport sequence generation, multi-scale feature extraction, and perceptual quality prediction. Extensive experimental results conducted on the proposed database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method over existing image quality assessment methods.
A Survey on AutoML Methods and Systems for Clustering
Authors: Poulakis Yannis , Doulkeridis Christos , Kyriazis Dimosthenis
Published: January 2024

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) aims to identify the best-performing machine learning algorithm along with its input parameters for a given dataset and a specific machine learning task. This is a challenging problem, as the process of finding the best model and tuning it for a particular problem at hand is both time-consuming for a data scientist and computationally expensive. In this survey, we focus on unsupervised learning, and we turn our attention on AutoML methods for clustering. We present a systematic review that includes many recent research works for automated clustering. Furthermore, we provide a taxonomy for the classification of existing works, and we perform a qualitative comparison. As a result, this survey provides a comprehensive overview of the field of AutoML for clustering. Moreover, we identify open challenges for future research in this field.
Review—Perspectives on the Roles of Real time Nitrogen Sensing and IoT Integration in Smart Agriculture
Authors: Shrestha Manish Man , Wei Lin
Published: January 2024

Smart agriculture (SA) based on the framework of precision agriculture (PA) is a vital component of sustainable and efficient food production, with nitrogen (N) management playing a pivotal role. However, existing agricultural practices often suffer from low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), posing a challenge to SA. To tackle this issue, real-time N sensing technologies offer farmers precise and timely information about soil N levels, enabling precise N fertilizer application. Integrating these technologies with the Internet of Things (IoT) can further augment their capabilities, creating a seamless platform for data collection, analysis, and decision-making for great opportunities to improve NUE. Nevertheless, the adoption of real-time N sensing and IoT integration also presents several challenges, including selecting appropriate sensing technologies, effective data mining and management, and acquiring specialized knowledge and training. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the opportunities and challenges associated with real-time N sensing technologies and IoT integration in smart farming. By showcasing best practices and innovative solutions, the paper aims to foster widespread adoption of SA practices, ultimately elevating the sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems.
A Tablet-Operated Portable Wireless Sensing Platform for Field Simultaneous Rapid Detection of both Cd (II) and Pb (II) Using CaAl-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite Modified Integrated Screen-Printed Three-Electrode
Authors: Zhang Weiming , Huang Peng , Lu Xinyu , Chen Tao , Duan Xuemin , Wen Yangping , Deng Liping , Xu Jingkun
Published: January 2024

It’s very essential to exploit a portable wireless integrated sensing platform for field simultaneous, on-site detection of heavy metal ions pollution that has been exhibited to Serious ecological and health risks even under trace levels, including Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions. In this work, we developed a portable sensing platform, consisting of an integrated screen-printed electrode (SPE) with the calcium/aluminum-layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH) nanocomposite based on carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH), a hand-held wireless electrochemical potentiostat and a tablet with a specially designed app, for field simultaneous rapid detection of both Cd (II) and Pb (II) in water environmental sample. The CaAl-LDH was produced through a facilely hydrothermal method, and the CaAl-LDH nanocomposite with MWCNTs-COOH was prepared by a one-step ultrasonic route, which demonstrated superior sensing performance for simultaneous determination of both Cd (II) and Pb (II) with a broad detection range (2–250 μg L−1 for Cd (II) and 5–250 μg L−1 Pb (II)) and low limit of detection (LOD) (0.96 μg L−1 Cd (II) and 0.74 μg L−1 for Pb (II)).Furthermore, the proposed tablet-operated portable wireless sensing platform was utilized for detection of both Cd (II) and Pb (II) in farmland irrigation canals with acceptable recoveries.
Hemodynamic simulation of complete transposition of the great arteries for optimal treatment strategies based on its circulatory physiology
Authors: Sato Kaname , Takamizawa Koichi , Ogawa Yosuke , Tanaka Yu , Shiraga Kazuhiro , Masuda Hitomi , Matsui Hikoro , Inuzuka Ryo , Senzaki Hideaki
Published: January 2024

Complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) represents complex and unique circulation that is dependent on blood mixing through multiple interacting shunts. Consequently, the role of each shunt and the treatment strategy remain unclear. We developed a mathematical model of TGA circulation, revealing the significant influence of atrial septal defect (ASD) on oxygenation and hemodynamics. The blood flow pattern through the ASD reflects its hemodynamic impact and helps determine treatment strategies.