bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration of Cosmetic Components Into Polyolefins
Authors: Bolte Laetitia , Gers-Barlag Heiner , Heinsohn Guido , Daniels Rolf
Published: November 2024

Polyolefins such as high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP) are among the most widely used packaging materials in the cosmetic industry. Since these materials are in direct contact with cosmetic products, various components of the products are adsorbed to the packaging material’s surface and migrate within the amorphous regions of the polyolefin. This migration process, which occurs in both virgin and post‐consumer recyclate (PCR) materials, can lead to deformation of the packaging. In this study, different types of virgin and PCR pellets were examined to investigate their interaction with cosmetic products and to understand the factors influencing the migration process. The migration of cosmetic oils was observed in all pellet samples, depending on the composition of the product and environmental conditions. The process was characterized by the weight gain of the plastic pellets and further identified through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements were performed to analyze the polymer structure. Components with lower molecular weight (MW), high nonpolarity, and elevated temperatures were found to accelerate the migration process. Moreover, migration occurred more slowly from oil‐in‐water emulsions with larger droplet sizes compared to water‐in‐oil systems with smaller droplets. Among the different polyolefins, PP demonstrated a higher uptake of migrating components but at a slower migration rate compared to HDPE and LDPE. When comparing virgin and recycled polyolefins, it was observed that migration was consistently slower in virgin materials than in recycled ones. The ability of oils to migrate is influenced by the molecular structure of the polymers: high density, crystallinity, and low levels of branching reduce both the migration speed (MS) and the maximum saturation, as seen in virgin HDPE. In contrast, materials like LDPE, with a less dense polymer structure, exhibited higher MSs and saturation limits. As a control, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used, and it showed no migration due to the polymer’s high density.
A Case Report on Management of Liver Cirrhosis Using Ayurveda and Integrative Approach of Treatment
Authors: Shankar Prasan , Vijay Bhavya , Bhargavi  , Rahman Mahima , Anand Kimi , Nampoothiri Vasudevan , Prashanth
Published: November 2024

Background: Liver cirrhosis is an advanced stage of abnormal fibrogenesis of tissues that causes liver injuries. Though cirrhosis can be managed by etiological parameters, its long‐term reversal is still a question. Ayurveda system of medicine diagnoses liver disease under “Kamala” and “Udara” with promising outcomes of treatment. This case series discusses three cases of liver cirrhosis where internal Ayurvedic medications and external therapies including “Panchakarma” (a treatment approach of detoxifying and rejuvenating) resulted in effective management of the disease.

Case Presentation: Three cases of decompensated liver cirrhosis were treated at an Ayurveda hospital. Relevant examinations and investigations were done, and patients were monitored at regular intervals. Patients were treated with Ayurvedic therapies and were monitored for changes using standardized tools of assessment.

Conclusion: In all three patients, there was an improvement in quality of life and a reduction in symptoms such as abdominal pain, transpyloric diameter, pedal oedema, and fatigue, as well as a significant reduction in liver function test parameters. Decompensated liver cirrhosis can be managed with an Ayurvedic treatment regimen that includes Ayurvedic medications, Panchakarma, along with a proper diet regimen with salt and fluid restrictions. This case series concludes that while cirrhosis is not completely reversible, fibrosis could be reversed. The support of modern medicine for monitoring and emergency care remains paramount. Furthermore, proper documentation of all the observations can help in assessing the outcomes of Ayurveda therapies and aid in developing integrative protocols for the management of liver cirrhosis in the future.
Research on Coordinated Oscillation Control Strategy of AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Network Based on Mixed‐Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Sun Shumin , Yu Peng , Xing Jiawei , Wang Yuejiao , Yang Song
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the self‐healing control ability of AC‐DC hybrid distribution network and ensure the stability of distribution network operation, a coordinated oscillation control strategy for AC‐DC hybrid distribution network based on mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) is proposed. By constructing a multiscale reactive power optimization model and considering the comprehensive cost minimization goal including network loss cost, regulation cost, and operation cost, the operation efficiency and reliability of distribution network are improved. In the simulation experiment, the AC‐DC hybrid distribution network of a regional power supply company is taken as the experimental object by using MATLAB software, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by setting different operation scenarios. The results show that in Scenario 1, the voltage of the proposed method is between 1.02 and 1.04 U, and the voltage fluctuation range is small. The proposed method can keep the voltage variation within the rated control range, which shows a more stable trend than other methods, whether in the scene where wind farms or photovoltaic fields work alone or in the scene where they work together with energy storage equipment. In addition, when simulating a single‐phase fault, compared with the case without this method, this method can locate the fault area more accurately and significantly improve the reliability of fault detection. The significance of this study is to provide an effective mathematical model and control strategy to deal with the complex dynamic behavior of AC‐DC hybrid distribution network. This not only enhances the adaptability of the power grid to various uncertain factors but also improves the economy and security of the power grid.
Phytochemical Analysis, Cytotoxicity, and Antitrypanosomal, Antioxidant, and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Clausena anisata Fruit, Azadirachta indica Leaf, and Stem Bark Extracts
Authors: Kumatia Emmanuel Kofi , Zoiku Felix Kwame , Baffour Prince Kyei , Anokye-Kumatia Anne Boakyewaa , Asase Alex
Published: November 2024

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious disease which kills humans and animals as a result of hematological distortions, oxidative stress, tissue and neuroinflammations. This study reports on the differences in cytotoxicity, antitrypanosomal, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts from Clausena anisata fruit (CFE), Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf (NLE), and stem bark (NSBE), medicinal plants used to treat HAT in its endemic communities. The extracts remarkably inhibited Trypanosoma brucei brucei (GUTat 3.1) parasite in vitro with CFE recording the highest effect with an IC50 of 0.0055 (0.0955) μg/mL. The IC50 of the standard Coptis japonicum was 0.5957 (0.0693) μg/mL. Also, the antitrypanosomal activity of NLE was 123.34% higher than that of NSBE. The percentage number of wells containing viable T. b. brucei parasites was very significantly (p < 0.001) reduced for all the extracts after 48 h of incubation. Furthermore, the extracts did not show cytotoxicity against the liver (HepG2) cells (CC50s > 100 μg/mL and SI = 13.12–32,025.45). NSBE contained the highest quantity of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and also produced the highest antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 4.99 ± 0.018) and protein denaturation assay (IC50 = 0.1805 ± 0.0002 μg/mL). In addition, phytochemical analysis showed that NLE contained the highest number of classes of phytochemical constituents (seven) among the extracts. These results indicate that CFE, NLE, and NSBE possessed significant antitrypanosomal activity as a result of their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions. However, a different mechanism was also involved in the antitrypanosomal activity of CFE and NLE, since their antitrypanosomal activity is greater than NSBE which demonstrated the highest antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Due to the remarkable antitrypanosomal action of CFE, its constituents are being isolated for possible development into novel antitrypanosomal agents.
Comparative Assessment of Post‐Fatigue Resistance of Mandibular First Molars Restored With Polyether Ether Ketone and Lithium Disilicate Endocrowns
Authors: Amjadi Mehrak , Safari Mohammad Raouf , Dini Torkamani Ramin , Kheiri Manjili Mohammadsepehr , Jamshidi Davoud , Sobhan Fatemeh , Heidari Soolmaz
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Contemporary dentistry focuses on more conservative treatment options such as endocrown restorations and application of dental materials with higher resemblance to tooth structure. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) polymer is a material used for the fabrication of endocrowns. This study aimed to compare the post‐fatigue resistance (PFR) of mandibular first molars restored with PEEK and lithium disilicate (LS2) endocrown restorations.

Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 20 human mandibular first molars with similar dimensions. The teeth were prepared for endocrown restoration and were assigned to two groups (n = 10) of PEEK and LS2 endocrowns. After fabrication by the computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) technique, the restorations were cemented with resin cement. Next, the teeth underwent 15,000 thermal cycles followed by cyclic loading with 600,000 cycles of compressive force (100 N, 4 Hz) and were then subjected to compressive load application in a universal testing machine. The load causing endocrown failure was recorded as the PFR of the respective restoration. The failure mode was also inspected under a light microscope. Data were analyzed by the independent t‐test and also chi‐square, Mann–Whitney, and Fisher’s exact tests (α < 0.05).

Results: The teeth with PEEK endocrowns showed significantly higher PFR than those with LS2 endocrowns. Irreparable fractures were dominant in both groups.

Conclusion: PEEK may serve as a suitable alternative to LS2 for the fabrication of endocrown restorations.
Figure 6 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Analysis of collagen/ECM profile of NED vs. MET cohort from data obtained by LC-MS/MS. A, Pie chart representations of abundance (peak intensity and number of peptides identified via LC-MS/MS) of all detected protein species within the MET cohort. B, Pie chart representations of abundance of all detected protein species within the NED cohort.
What Is Normal Growth? Principles, Practicalities and Pitfalls of Growth Assessments in Infants and Children
Authors: Fenton Tanis R. , Gilbert Nicole , Elmrayed Seham , Fenton Carol J. , Boctor Dana L.
Published: November 2024

Background:: Growth assessments are a pillar of public health surveillance, individual health screening, and clinical care. Normal growth is defined differently for individuals versus populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards were developed to describe the pattern of growth in healthy children without socioeconomic limitations whose mothers planned to breastfeed. The growth standards’ cut-off points of ±2 standard deviations (z-scores) were defined for population assessments, based on attained size, to describe stunting and wasting at the lower end and overweight at the higher end. In a healthy population, one would expect 2.3% of the population to be above and below these cut-points. Higher child mortality rates associated with higher rates of stunting and wasting noted in observational studies validated these WHO cut-offs. There are knowledge gaps influencing the accuracy and effectiveness of growth assessments in individual children, posing challenges for health care providers. Summary:: The principles of assessing normal growth in children and preterm infants are reviewed, along with pitfalls to be avoided. Growth is determined by genetics and modified by the interplay with nutritional, environmental, socioeconomic, and possibly intergenerational factors. This complexity is reflected at both the population and individual level. However, normal growth in an individual has unique-specific factors so requires a comprehensive assessment. Normal growth for an individual child could be defined as the progression of changes in anthropometric measurements to achieve the individual’s genetic potential. A misdiagnosis of growth faltering can occur if infants and children are asses with one-time rather than serial measures, and if age is not corrected for prematurity. Health care provider sensitivity and cognizance when communicating about a child’s size is important for parental reassurance and avoiding stigma and unnecessary pressures or restrictions around feeding.
Morpho-molecular analyses reveal Aquadictyospora yunnanensis sp. nov. from coffee (Coffea arabica) in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: HAN MEIYAN , LU LI , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C. , ZHENG DEGE , ELGORBAN ABDALLAH M. , TIBPROMMA SAOWALUCK
Published: November 2024

During a survey of microfungi associated with coffee trees in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province, China, decaying twigs of Arabica coffee with black fungi fruiting bodies were collected, and an interesting fungus was subsequently isolated and identified. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2, and tef1-α genes showed the fungus belongs to Aquadictyospora (Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales) and is well separated from closely related species. Based on morphological comparison with closely related taxa and multigene phylogenetic analyses, Aquadictyospora yunnanensis sp. nov. is introduced, with a description, detailed morphological illustration, and phylogenetic analysis results.
Rediscovery of Erigeron jaeschkei (Asteraceae: Astereae: Conyzinae) and notes on its correct protologue and typification
Authors: CHAKRABORTY KASTURI , BHATTACHARJEE BANDANA , GHOSH ASOK , BHATTACHARJEE AVISHEK
Published: November 2024

Erigeron jaeschkei (Asteraceae: Astereae: Conyzinae) has been rediscovered after more than 15 decades from the Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh, India. The protologue of this species name had been cited wrongly in several published literature sources and online databases, which is corrected in the present treatment. Apart from a brief diagnosis and types, no detailed modern description, illustration or photograph was available for this species. Therefore, a detailed description and a colour photo-plate based on our collection are provided for the first time to facilitate identification of this less-known species. A lectotype is also designated from the original collection by Dr. Jäschke.
Begonia triquetra (sect. Platycentrum, Begoniaceae), a new subpeltate-leaved species from limestone hills in Son La province, Northwestern Vietnam
Authors: ANH TRAN THI PHUONG , THANH NGUYEN THI , QUANG BUI HONG , BINH TRAN DUC , THANH TRINH XUAN , LE ANH TUAN , NGUYEN KHANG SINH , LIN CHE WEI
Published: November 2024

Begonia triquetra, a new species endemic to the limestone karst regions of Son La province in Northwestern Vietnam, is described and illustrated here. This new species resembles B. xenos in its suberect habit, subpeltate lamina, 4-tepaled staminate flowers, and 2-locular ovary. However, B. triquetra differs significantly from B. xenos in having triangular (vs. terete) cross section of petiole, entire (vs. slightly crenulate) staminate tepals, and zygomorphic (vs. actinomorphic) androecium with 18–24 (vs. 52–85) stamens. Notes on ecology and conservation status are preliminarily provided to the new species.
On species of Anisodactylus of the Russian Far East, with a description of a new species and the first record of A. tricuspidatus for Russia (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini)
Authors: KATAEV BORIS M. , MAKAROV KIRILL V. , SUNDUKOV YURII N.
Published: November 2024

A review of the ground beetle genus Anisodactylus Dejean, 1829 of the Russian Far East is given. The fauna of this region includes four species of two subgenera: A. (Pseudanisodactylus) signatus (Panzer, 1796), A. (P.) punctatipennis Morawitz, 1862, A. (Anisodactylus) tricuspidatus Morawitz, 1863 and A. (A.) arsenjevi sp. nov. The latter species is described from several localities in the southern Primorye Territory (type locality: 1 km S Beltsovo Village, Arsenjevka River floodplain, Yakovlevka District); it is rather distinct among the Palaearctic species and most similar in general habitus to some Nearctic species, especially to A. (A.) harrisii LeConte, 1863. Anisodactylus (A.) tricuspidatus is recorded for Russia for the first time. A lectotype of A. punctatipennis is designated. The distribution and distinctive characters of all four species are discussed, and a key for their determination is provided; their habitus and male and female genitalia are illustrated.
Integrative redescription of Glomeris cingulata C. L. Koch, 1847, an almost forgotten microendemic pill millipede (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae)
Authors: WESENER THOMAS
Published: November 2024

Among the more than 80 species of the common pill millipede genus Glomeris Latreille, 1803, there are several microendemic species that have not been recorded for the last 80–120 years. To discover whether these species are colour morphs of widespread species or true local endemics is important from a conservation point of view as well as for understanding the biogeography and evolution of the group. The author received three specimens that were morphologically identical to C. L. Koch's 175-year-old first description of Glomeris cingulata Koch, 1847 from the Triglav Mountain in Slovenia, close to the border with Italy. No clear specimen-based records are available for G. cingulata and the type specimen is apparently lost. In order to clarify the taxonomy of this microendemic species, an integrative redescription was conducted, including scanning electron microscopy and DNA barcoding. Glomeris cingulata is a distinct species, with genetic distances of 12.6–15.5% compared to the seven syntopic and numerous other widespread Glomeris species. Based on characters of the first description and following other authors, the synonymy of Glomeris cingulata intercedens Latzel, 1884 under Glomeris transalpina Koch, 1836 is confirmed. The dark colour with posterior red bands closely resembles that of some other high-altitude Glomeris species like G. transalpina Koch, 1836, Glomeris aurita Koch, 1847 and Glomeris oropensis Verhoeff, 1936. Glomeris cingulata is genetically close to, but distant enough from the small-bodied and widespread taxa like Glomeris pustulata Latreille, 1804 and Glomeris tetrasticha Brandt, 1833.
Contribution to the knowledge of Diastatotropis Lacordaire including two resurrected names (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)
Authors: TRÝZNA MILOŠ
Published: November 2024

Diastatotropis striata Wolfrum, 1961 stat. rest. and Diastatotropis viridans (Fairmaire, 1897) stat. rest. are resurrected as valid names from synonymy with Diastatotropis crassicornis Waterhouse, 1882. Redescriptions, differential diagnosis, colour photographs of relevant types, a key to species and new data on the distributions are presented. Photographs of morphologically similar species are also provided.
Description of two new species of Diastrophus Hartig, 1840 from Taiwan, Diastrophus renai and D. wushei (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Diastrophini)
Authors: DAVIS CHARLES K. , NASTASI LOUIS F. , DEANS ANDREW R.
Published: November 2024

We describe Diastrophus wushei Davis & Nastasi sp. nov. and D. renai Davis & Nastasi sp. nov., two gall wasp species collected on Wushe Mountain, Taiwan by the late Henry Townes. These species represent the first Diastrophini and potentially the first non-Fagaceae associated species of gall wasp described from Taiwan. We speculate on potential hosts plants for further study and possible avenues to elucidate their biology.
Revision of the genus Symphytopria Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae, Diapriinae) with notes on its taxonomy
Authors: CHEMYREVA VASILISA G.
Published: November 2024

The genus Symphytopria Kieffer, 1910 is revised based on an examination of the holotypes of all described species. Symphytopria fusciceps Kieffer, 1910, syn. nov. and S. nigroclavata Kieffer, 1910, syn. nov. are synonymized with Symphytopria fulva Kieffer, 1910; S. facialis Kieffer, 1910, syn. nov. is synonymized with S. trisulcata Kieffer, 1910. The male of S. fulva is described for the first time and illustrated. The generic diagnosis and the diagnosis of all included species is clarified. The tribal affiliation of this genus within the subfamily Diapriinae is discussed.
Insights from Nowcasting and Mesoscale Research Working Group Projects of the World Weather Research Programme
Authors: Joe Paul , Ebert Elizabeth , Keenan Tom , Wang J.J. , Duan Yihong , Isaac George , Wang Yong , Kiktev Dmitry , Li Ping Wah , Saito Kazuo , Lee Gyu Won , Masson Valéry , Brown Barb , Onvlee-Hooimeijer Jeanette , Steinle Peter , Salio Paola , Albrecht Rachel , Wilson Jim , Roberts Rita , Sun Juanzhen , Liang Feng , Saulo Celeste , Campetella Claudia , Goodman Steve , Conway Bill , Doyle Chris , Bélair Stéphane , Milbrandt Jason , Leroyer Sylvie , Montmerle Thibaut , Filho Augusto Jose Pereira , Golding Brian , May Peter , Seed Alan , Wang Yinchun , Michelson Daniel , Baklanov Alexander , de Coning Estelle
Published: November 2024

Insights from Forecast Demonstration Projects and Research Development Projects, training workshops and symposia, conducted between 2000 and 2024 are summarized. The projects were organized by the Nowcasting and Mesoscale Research Working Group of the World Weather Research Program of the World Meteorological Organization. The objective was to advance, promote and build capacity in nowcasting and very short-range forecasting. The projects were associated with the Olympic Games, emergency management and aviation services. They brought international experts together to work in a collaborative fashion. Extensive interaction with end-users and decision-makers expanded and extended the scope of services from traditional weather hazards (heavy rain, wind, hail, lightning) to include specific user needs (e.g., visibility in complex terrain or airport runways, periods of calm winds or light rain, heat stress). Substantial progress has been made in many areas including: advanced radar nowcasting algorithms, stochastic nowcasts, kilometric and hectometric numerical weather prediction models; blending of observations and models and multi-model systems. Verification was a key and valuable component of the projects quantifying the results. Also, the types of services have expanded to include both summer and winter services, complex terrain and urban environments, air transport, air quality, hydrology and health. Insights are presented in all aspects of nowcasting and very short-range forecasting from end-user decision-making, critical role of the forecaster, forecast systems (models, heuristics, observations), to science and knowledge gaps.
The impact of high-intensity interval training on insulin sensitivity and quality of life in women with overweight polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Jiang Ling , Chen Yaxin , Huang Meiying
Published: November 2024

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Insulin resistance is central to its pathophysiology, contributing to metabolic disturbances and increased cardiometabolic risks. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising intervention to improve metabolic health.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the specific effects of HIIT on insulin sensitivity, body composition, metabolic profile, and quality of life in women with overweight PCOS.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 107 female patients with overweight PCOS who were divided into two groups: the Regular Interval Training Group (n = 54) and the HIIT Group (n = 53). Baseline data, including insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, body composition, metabolic profile, and quality of life, were measured and compared between the two groups.

Results

The HIIT Group demonstrated significantly improved insulin sensitivity, reduced fasting glucose levels, lower HOMA-IR index, lower body fat percentage, decreased waist and hip circumferences, improved favorable changes in metabolic profile, and significant improvements in quality of life compared to the Regular Interval Training Group. These findings suggest that HIIT led to beneficial outcomes across various metabolic and clinical parameters in women with overweight PCOS.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight the potential of personalized exercise prescriptions, such as HIIT, in optimizing health outcomes in women with overweight PCOS. The observed improvements in insulin sensitivity, body composition, metabolic profile, and quality of life underscore the promising role of HIIT in addressing the multifaceted implications of PCOS and its associated metabolic and reproductive implications.
Airway epithelium in lung transplantation: a potential actor for post-transplant complications?
Authors: Milesi Jules , Gras Delphine , Chanez Pascal , Coiffard Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Lung transplantation, a critical intervention for end-stage lung diseases, is frequently challenged by post-transplant complications. Indeed, primary graft dysfunction, anastomotic complications, infections and acute and chronic rejections pose significant hurdles in lung transplantation. While evidence regarding the role of airway epithelium after lung transplantation is still emerging, its importance is becoming increasingly recognised. This review looks at the complex involvement of airway epithelium in various post-transplant complications, while emphasising the utility of airway epithelial culture as a research model. In summary, by elucidating the involvement of airway epithelium in each post-transplant complication and explaining these intricate processes, the review aims to guide specific future research efforts and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving lung transplant outcomes and enhancing patient care.
Lycorine ameliorates liver steatosis, oxidative stress, ferroptosis and intestinal homeostasis imbalance in MASLD mice
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Zhu Mengpei , Li Qian , Cao Jiali , Zhong Qiangqiang , Jin Ze , Huang Yumei , Lan Qing , Gao Ya , Xiong Zhifan
Published: November 2024

Background

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide and few drugs are available for its treatment. Lycorine has effective anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects, but the impact on MASLD is not fully understood. In this study, we intend to test the intervention effect of lycorine on MASLD.

Methods

A MASLD mouse model was constructed on a high-fat diet for 16 weeks, and low, medium, and high doses of lycorine were given by gavage for the last 4 weeks. Detecting indicators related to liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. In vivo and in vitro experiments co-validate potential targets identified by network pharmacology, molecular docking and western blot for lycorine intervention in MASLD liver. A combination of pathology, western blot, qRT-PCR, and 16 S rRNA sequencing verified adipose tissue and intestinal alterations.

Results

Lycorine ameliorated hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and ferroptosis in MASLD mice by inhibiting the expression of phosphorylated EGFR, inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We also observed a dose-dependent effect of lycorine to improve some of the indicators of MASLD. In vitro, knockdown of EGFR significantly attenuated palmitic acid-induced hepatocyte steatosis. In addition, lycorine promoted WAT browning for thermogenesis and energy consumption, affected the composition of intestinal flora, improved the intestinal barrier, and reduced intestinal inflammation.

Conclusions

EGFR was the target of lycorine intervention in MASLD. Lycorine ameliorated hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and ferroptosis by affecting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in MASLD mice. Furthermore, lycorine promoted WAT browning and ameliorated intestinal homeostatic imbalance. The above effects may also have dose-dependent effects.
Prehospital telemedicine support for urban stroke care: Analysis of current state of care and conceptualization
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Rubbert Christian , Kaschner Marius , Greiner Gregory Gordon , Kairies-Schwarz Nadja , Vomhof Markus , Icks Andrea , Weitz Linea , Hollenberg Hanna , Jansen Robin , Menge Til , Seitz Rüdiger J. , Jander Sebastian , Bernhard Michael , Lee John-Ih , Ruck Tobias , Meuth Sven Guenther , Turowski Bernd , Caspers Julian , Gliem Michael
Published: November 2024

Background

The reduction of processing times in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is of outstanding importance. Our objective is to analyze the acute stroke care chain from onset to treatment in a city in Germany comprising three stroke units. Additionally, we discuss solutions for detected treatment delays.

Methods

We conducted an in-depth analysis of acute stroke care processing times across three local stroke centers in Düsseldorf among all emergency services transportations for suspected stroke. Isochrone mapping was performed to identify areas with prolonged transportation times.

Results

Among the 1,714 transportations, 943 patients had confirmed strokes. Prehospital care constituted 58% of total emergency care time until imaging. Patients with confirmed stroke had reduced in-hospital times while patients receiving treatment experienced faster in-hospital times. Isochrone mapping revealed disparities in transportation times within the city.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we identified confirmation of stroke symptoms as pre- and in-hospital and treatment eligibility as in-hospital process accelerators in stroke care. We propose the introduction of an in-ambulance video consulting model to accelerate contact to stroke-experts and accelerate processing times for patients eligible for treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the combination of in-ambulance video consulting with imaging and starting treatment outside traditional stroke centers, followed by transportation to a stroke center during thrombolysis, which might further accelerate treatment in specific cases.
The relationship between serum levels of LOX-1, hs-cTnT, NGAL, and renal function, and their diagnostic value in patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Chai Liyin , Zeng Jun , Gong Li , Li Zhuhong , Wang Fang , Liu Zhengyang , Fan Wang , Shen Bingbing
Published: November 2024

Background

The primary aim of this study is to explore the relationship between serum levels of LOX-1, hs-cTnT, and NGAL, and renal function in patients with CKD, as well as to evaluate their diagnostic value for early detection and monitoring of disease progression in CKD patients.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 108 patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023. The patients were divided into the mild renal insufficiency group (51 cases) and the severe renal insufficiency group (57 cases). The differences in serum levels of LOX-1, hs-cTnT, and NGAL between the two groups were compared, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the three levels and renal function. ROC analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the three markers for the diagnosis of CKD.

Results

The levels of LOX-1, hs-cTnT, and NGAL in the mild renal insufficiency group were lower than those in the severe renal insufficiency group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum levels of LOX-1, hs-cTnT, and NGAL were positively correlated with the deterioration of renal function (P < 0.001), indicating a significant correlation between LOX-1, hs-cTnT, NGAL levels, and the deterioration of renal function. ROC analysis showed that the AUC of serum levels of LOX-1, hs-cTnT, and NGAL were 0.859, 0.882, and 0.841, indicating a significant predictive value for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease.

Conclusion

Serum levels of LOX-1, hs-cTnT, NGAL, and related markers demonstrate a direct association with the extent of renal impairment, offering predictive capabilities for diagnosing CKD.
A systematic scoping review of mentoring support on professional identity formation
Authors: Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha , Kwok Hannah Yi Fang , Ravindran Nila , Tan Xuan Yu , Soh Jasper , Wan Darius Wei Jun , Rajalingam Varsha , Lua Jun Kiat , Leong Elizabeth Yong Mei , Low Tiat Yan , Chan Aiden Wei-Jun , Lim Chong Jin Nicholas , Ng Yen Kit , Thenpandiyan Arthena Anushka , Lim Adele Yi Dawn , Tse Leia Ning , PL Sriram , Rajanala Sri Priyanka , Leong Jun Rey , Quah Elaine Li Ying , Fam Victoria Jia En , Govindasamy Ranitha , Abdul Hamid Nur Amira Binte , Lim Crystal , Sim Dorsett Shin Wei , Ong Eng Koon , Mason Stephen , Somasundaram Nagavalli , Ong Simon Yew Kuang
Published: November 2024

Background

Mentoring’s success in nurturing professional identity formation (PIF) has been attributed to its ability to build personalised and enduring mentoring relationships. However, beyond functioning as communities of practice (CoPs) supporting socialisation processes, how mentoring integrates programme values and instils a shared identity amongst mentees remains unclear. The need for personalised guidance and timely attention to a mentee’s unique needs in evolving mentoring relationships point to the critical role of support mechanisms (‘mentoring support’). We conducted a systematic scoping review (SSR) studying “What is known about mentoring support’s role in nurturing PIF?”.

Methods

Adopting PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this SSR was guided by the Systematic Evidence-Based Approach (SEBA). Independent searches were carried out on publications featured between 1st January 2000 and 30th June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, ERIC and Scopus databases. The Split Approach saw concurrent, independent thematic and content analyses of the included articles. The Jigsaw Perspective combined complementary themes and categories, creating broader themes/categories. The subsequent Funnelling Process formed key domains that platformed the synthesis of the discussion.

Results

Two thousand three hundred forty-one abstracts were reviewed, 323 full-text articles were appraised and 151 articles were included and analysed. The key domains identified were (1) definitions and roles; (2) personalisation; (3) shepherding; and (4) PIF.

Conclusion

The success of mentoring in PIF lies in its ability to blend role modelling, supervision, mentoring, coaching and teaching, with self-care, guided reflection, apprenticeship and assessment to meet the individual needs of the mentee and their changing circumstances. Blending the contents of the mentoring umbrella emphasises the critical role of the mentor and host organisation in supporting mentor training, communications, support and assessment mechanisms. Mentee engagement and its active role in support measures complement the CoP-like mentoring programme’s use of blending mentoring support to advance the socialisation process. These insights reflect a complex interactive process scaffolding the development of mentoring relationships and PIF. The effect of the mentoring umbrella on clinical practice requires further study.
Understanding the effectiveness and quality of virtual cancer multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs): a systematic scoping review
Authors: Onifade Anjola , Quaife Samantha L. , Holden David , Chung Donna , Birchall Martin , Peake Michael D. , Mughal Muntzer , McInnerney Daisy
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Cancer multi-disciplinary team meetings (MDTM) assemble clinical experts to make diagnostic and treatment recommendations. MDTMs can take place in person, virtually, or in a hybrid format. Virtual and hybrid MDTMs have been in use for over two decades. This systematic scoping review aims to map the evidence on virtual and hybrid MDTM formats over time, providing insights into their quality, and the facilitators and barriers to their effective delivery.

Methods

The PRISMA scoping review checklist has been followed. A systematic search of PubMed, PsychINFO, and Embase between 1990–2023 identified 9399 records. These were independently screened by two researchers to identify primary research of any design that assessed quality or effectiveness of cancer VMDTMs. Results were narratively synthesised.

Results

Eight quantitative, two qualitative and three mixed-methods studies were included. All were observational and most were retrospective (n = 8). Varied outcome measures were used to evaluate meeting quality, including treatment recommendations, survival, time from diagnosis, and overall attendance. VMDTMs were superior (N = 6) or sometimes equivalent (N = 4) to face-to-face meetings. Studies identified implementation factors critical to their effective delivery, including internet-stability and chairing.

Conclusion

The heterogeneous literature suggests VMDTMs offer some benefits over face-to-face meetings. Training and infrastructure are key to prevent risks to patient safety. A definitive comparative evaluation is needed to inform best practice.
Optimizing stent retrievers for mechanical enhancement and in vitro testing in acute ischemic stroke models
Authors: Lee Jae-Won , Kim Han-Ki , Kim JinWoo , Choi Hyuk
Published: November 2024

Background

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mechanical thrombectomy, especially with stent retrievers, offers a promising treatment, particularly for patients ineligible for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) therapy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate novel stent retriever designs to enhance mechanical properties and vessel compatibility.

Results

We evaluated four stent designs using finite-element analysis (FEA) to assess their mechanical properties. Based on these evaluations, Stent D emerged as the optimal design due to its superior elasticity and adaptability. Comparative testing of Stent D against commercial stents, Solitaire FR and Trevo XP ProVue, revealed the following metrics: radial forces of 3.77 ± 0.01 N for Solitaire FR, 3.92 ± 0.08 N for Trevo XP ProVue, and 4.10 ± 0.07 N for Stent D; flexibility measurements of 0.38 ± 0.11 N for Solitaire FR, 0.91 ± 0.11 N for Trevo XP ProVue, and 0.59 ± 0.05 N for Stent D; deployment forces of 0.37 ± 0.02 N for Solitaire FR, 0.42 ± 0.04 N for Trevo XP ProVue, and 0.32 ± 0.02 N for Stent D; and recapture forces of 0.38 ± 0.01 N for Solitaire FR, 0.45 ± 0.02 N for Trevo XP ProVue, and 0.35 ± 0.01 N for Stent D. Thrombus retrieval rates were 96.16% for Solitaire FR and 95.51% for Stent D.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that Stent D performs comparably to commercial stents, highlighting its effective performance in AIS treatment. Stent D shows promise as a candidate for further clinical evaluation due to its superior mechanical properties and effective thrombus retrieval capabilities.
Biomechanical evaluation of a newly designed locking plate for opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: stress distribution and stability in the presence of lateral hinge fracture
Authors: Park Hyung Jun , Suh Dong Hun , Hong Hyongtaek , Nha Kyung-Wook , Kim Hyungsuh , Kang Kyoung-Tak , Kim Jae Gyoon
Published: November 2024

Background

The study aimed to evaluate whether a new OhtoFix plate reduced stress around the D-hole compared with an old OhtoFix and TomoFix plate. The study also assessed whether the new OhtoFix plate had biomechanical stability in a lateral hinge fracture (LHF).

Methods

A finite element model of the proximal tibia was developed using cross-sectional images from a 62-year-old Asian woman. The model was designed to simulate opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) using three types of locking plates: the newly designed locking plate (new OhtoFix plate), the prior version of the OhtoFix plate (old OhtoFix plate), and the TomoFix plate. The peak von Mises stress (PVMS) was analyzed around the D-hole and across the entire plate including the impact of different LHF types classified according to the Takeuchi classification.

Results

The new OhtoFix plate significantly reduced stress around the D-hole compared with the old OhtoFix and TomoFix plates, with peak stresses of 189.5 MPa, 251.5 MPa, and 233.3 MPa, respectively. Despite this improvement, the new OhtoFix plate did not surpass the TomoFix in terms of overall stress distribution across the entire plate. Additionally, in cases of LHF, although peak stress remained at the D-hole in both the old OhtoFix and TomoFix plates, the peak stress shifted to the C-hole in the new plate.

Conclusions

The new OhtoFix plate improved stress distribution around the D-hole (even in the presence of a LHF) compared to the old OhtoFix plate and TomoFix plates. However, although the new OhtoFix plate reduced peak stress around the D-hole, it did not demonstrate superior overall stress distribution across the entire plate compared to the TomoFix plate.
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in anesthetized mice induces antidepressant effects by activating dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area
Authors: Choi Tae-Yong , Kim Jeongseop , Koo Ja Wook
Published: November 2024

Depression, a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder, involves the dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA). The restoration of DA balance is a pivotal therapeutic target for this condition. Recent studies have indicated that both antidepressant medications and non-pharmacological treatments, such as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), can promote recovery from depressive symptoms. Despite the promise of taVNS as a non-invasive depression therapy, its precise mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that taVNS exerts antidepressant effects by modulating the DAergic system. To investigate this, we conducted experiments demonstrating that taVNS in anesthetized mice reduced depressive-like behaviors. However, this effect was abolished when DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTADA) were inhibited. Additionally, taVNS in anesthetized mice enhanced VTADA activity, providing further evidence to support its antidepressant effects. Overall, our findings suggest that taVNS alleviates depression by augmenting VTADA activity, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic mechanisms.
Loss of chromosome cytoband 13q14.2 orchestrates breast cancer pathogenesis and drug response
Authors: Shahrouzi Parastoo , Azimzade Youness , Brankiewicz-Kopcinska Wioletta , Bhatia Sugandha , Kunke David , Richard Derek , Tekpli Xavier , Kristensen Vessela N. , Duijf Pascal H. G.
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer (BCa) is a major global health challenge. The BCa genome often carries extensive somatic copy number alterations (CNAs), including gains/amplifications and losses/deletions. These CNAs significantly affect tumor development, drug response and patient survival. However, how individual CNAs contribute is mostly elusive. We identified loss of chromosome 13q14.2 as a key CNA in BCa, occurring in up to 63% of patients, depending on the subtype, and correlating with poor survival. Through multi-omics and in vitro analyses, we uncover a paradoxical role of 13q14.2 loss, promoting both cell cycle and pro-apoptotic pathways in cancer cells, while also associating with increased NK cell and macrophage populations in the tumor microenvironment. Notably, 13q14.2 loss increases BCa susceptibility to BCL2 inhibitors, both in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts. Thus, 13q14.2 loss could serve as a biomarker for BCa prognosis and treatment, potentially improving outcomes for BCa patients.

Graphical abstract
Detection of Dirofilaria immitis in golden jackals (Canis aureus L.) but not in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) and European badgers (Meles meles L.) in Croatia
Authors: Naletilić Šimun , Gagović Ema , Mihaljević Željko , Polkinghorne Adam , Beck Ana , Beck Relja
Published: November 2024

Background

Dirofilariosis is a parasitic mosquito-borne disease caused by members of the genus Dirofilaria, which includes Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Surveillance studies in Europe have revealed that D. immitis can also be detected in a range of wild carnivores, raising questions over the impact of infections on wild carnivore animal health but also whether these populations may act as a reservoir for infection of other species, including domestic dogs and humans.

Methods

In the current study, we conducted surveillance for the presence of D. immitis in several wild carnivore species, including golden jackals (Canis aureus; n = 77), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes; n = 326), and European badgers (Meles meles;n = 28), collected during an annual rabies surveillance and control program from across continental and coastal regions of Croatia.

Results

Macroscopic examination of the right chambers of the heart during a post-mortem examination resulted in the detection of filarial parasites in 6.5% (5/77) golden jackal carcasses. Morphological identification, confirmed by molecular screening, classified all parasites as D. immitis. No D. immitis were detected in the red foxes or European badgers examined. All infected golden jackals were adults aged from 2 to 7 years with a parasite load ranging from 2 to 7 nematodes per carcass. One animal was infected with a sexually mature pair, while a second harbored pre-mature parasites; the remaining positive jackals were infected with female parasites only. Notably, histological examination of cardiac and lung tissue revealed proliferative endarteritis in the jackal with the highest parasite burden.

Conclusions

Further studies are required to establish whether golden jackals, as well as other wild carnivore hosts, may serve as competent definitive hosts of D. immitis and act as reservoirs for infection of other species including domestic dogs and humans. Histological changes in the cardiac tissue of at least one positive jackal were suggestive of infection with pathological consequences for the host.

Graphical Abstract