bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Construction of a Legal System of Corporate Social Responsibility Based on Big Data Analysis Technology
Authors: Pei Jiuzheng
Published: October 2022

The company is an essential organization in modern society, and the company has transformed from a purely economic organization to a corporate citizen that realizes economic responsibility and practices social responsibility at the same time. It is only by constructing a legal system of corporate social responsibility that companies can take social responsibility on the track of the legal system, realize the company’s mission of the times, and achieve a win‐win situation for both the company and society. This paper used the LDA and text clustering methods to analyze existing legal texts. It obtained the theme and text clustering results, thus proposing five aspects of the legal system construction framework to guide the corporate social responsibility legal system, which has pioneering significance.
Study of Traditional Uses, Extraction Procedures, Phytochemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Properties of Tiliacora triandra
Authors: Das Gitishree , Gouda Sushanto , Kerry Rout George , Cortes Hernán , Prado-Audelo María L. Del , Leyva-Gómez Gerardo , Tsouh Fokou Patrick Valere , Gutiérrez-Grijalva Erick P. , Heredia J. Basilio , Shin Han-Seung , Patra Jayanta Kumar
Published: October 2022

Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels (Menispermaceae family) is a Southeast Asian angiosperm herb. Traditional medicine in these areas often includes the use of plant parts. Plant extracts are highly effective against various infections including bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic. The leaves and root extracts are used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension, diabetes, skin diseases, and malaria as an antipyretic, detoxification agent, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulator. Bioactive compounds contained in T. triandra include phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, essential amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, vitamins, and nucleic acid precursors. Despite the plant species’ abundance of bioactive compounds, there is very little in vivo and clinical proof of its pharmacological significance. The present review focuses on the phytochemical configurations, extraction methods for major bioactive compounds, and pharmacology of T. triandra, in light of its potent medicinal values.
The Application of PCK Concept and Information Fusion-Oriented Multimedia Technology in Music Education
Authors: Yin Yunzhi
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the teaching effect of modern music, this paper combines the concept of PCK with information fusion-oriented multimedia technology to explore methods that can improve the quality of music education, and recharacterizes propositional subject knowledge in a way that students like to hear. Moreover, combined with the teaching practice of music teachers in colleges and universities, this paper sorts out the theoretical framework of this research, in order to establish a paradigm suitable for college music teachers to improve music PCK. In addition, this paper constructs an intelligent music teaching system based on multimedia technology and PCK concept. From the experimental research results, it can be seen that the PCK concept and information fusion-oriented multimedia technology have obvious application effects in music education, and can effectively improve the educational effect of modern music.
Weakly 2‐Absorbing Ideals in Almost Distributive Lattices
Authors: Teshale Amare Natnael
Published: October 2022

The concepts of weakly 2‐absorbing ideal and weakly 1‐absorbing prime ideal in an almost distributive lattice (ADL) are introduced, and the necessary conditions for a weakly 1‐absorbing prime ideal to become a weakly 2‐absorbing ideal in algebraic form are proved. Also, weakly 2‐absorbing ideals are characterized in terms of weakly prime ideals and 2‐absorbing ideals. Finally, the lattice epimorphic images and inverse images of the weakly 2‐absorbing ideal and weakly 1‐absorbing prime ideal are discussed.
Peculiarities of Integrating Mechanical Valves in Microfluidic Channels Using Direct Laser Writing
Authors: Hernandez-Cedillo Lucero , Andriukaitis Deividas , Šerpytis Lukas , Drevinskas Tomas , Kornyšova Olga , Kaškonienė Vilma , Stankevičius Mantas , Bimbiraitė-Survilienė Kristina , Maruška Audrius Sigitas , Jonušauskas Linas
Published: October 2022

Regenerative medicine is a fast expanding scientific topic. One of the main areas of development directions in this field is the usage of additive manufacturing to fabricate functional components that would be later integrated directly into the human body. One such structure could be a microfluidic valve which could replace its biological counterpart in veins as it is worn out over the lifetime of a patient. In this work, we explore the possibility to produce such a structure by using multiphoton polymerization (MPP). This technology allows the creation of 3D structures on a micro- and nanometric scale. In this work, the fabrication of microfluidic systems by direct laser writing was carried out. These devices consist of a 100

μ

m diameter channel and within it a 200

μ

m long three-dimensional one-way mechanical valve. The idea of this device is to have a single flow direction for a fluid. For testing purposes, the valve was integrated into a femtosecond laser-made glass microfluidic system. Such a system acts as a platform for testing such small and delicate devices. Measurements of the dimensions of the device within such a testing platform were taken and the repeatability of this process was analyzed. The capability to use it for flow direction control is measured. Possible implications to the field of regenerative medicine are discussed.
Efficacy of Exercise Rehabilitation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation after Radiofrequency Ablation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ren Pengna , Tang Ailing , Dong Li , Hu Xiaoyi , Wang Hong , Xu Fanglei
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims. Radiofrequency ablation is a commonly used treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), but postoperative rehabilitation exercises are needed to reverse left ventricular structural and functional abnormalities. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of exercise training in patients with AF after radiofrequency ablation. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify articles in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from January 1, 2010 to December 1, 2021. The mean difference with 95% CI was pooled for continuous variables. We used Review Manager 5.3 for the standard meta-analysis. This study followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, with a total of 892 patients with AF. The quality of one study was grade A, and the rest were grade B. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the improvement of 6 min walking distance (MD = 34.42, 95% CI: 3.20 to 65.63,

P
=
0.03

), peak oxygen uptake (MD = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.78,

P
<
0.001

), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (MD = 0.09, 95% CI:0.01–0.17,

P
=
0.02

), resting heart rate (MD = −4.50, 95% CI: −8.85 to −0.14,

P
=
0.04

), and physical component summary (PCS) (MD = 3.00, 95% CI: 0.46 to 5.54,

P
=
0.02

) in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion. Exercise training can improve the level of exercise endurance and cardiac function in patients. However, the results were limited by the quantity and quality of the studies. Large samples and high-quality studies are still needed to verify its long-term efficacy.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Supports Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Confers Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting with Eribulin
Authors: Ho Gwo Yaw , Kyran Elizabeth L. , Bedo Justin , Wakefield Matthew J. , Ennis Darren P. , Mirza Hasan B. , Vandenberg Cassandra J. , Lieschke Elizabeth , Farrell Andrew , Hadla Anthony , Lim Ratana , Dall Genevieve , Vince James E. , Chua Ngee Kiat , Kondrashova Olga , Upstill-Goddard Rosanna , Bailey Ulla-Maja , Dowson Suzanne , Roxburgh Patricia , Glasspool Rosalind M. , Bryson Gareth , Biankin Andrew V. ,   for the Scottish Genomes Partnership, Cooke Susanna L. , Ratnayake Gayanie , McNally Orla , Traficante Nadia ,   for the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study12,13, DeFazio Anna , Weroha S. John , Bowtell David D. , McNeish Iain A. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Scott Clare L. , Barker Holly E.
Published: October 2022

Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an aggressive and rare tumor type with limited treatment options. OCS is hypothesized to develop via the combination theory, with a single progenitor resulting in carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, or alternatively via the conversion theory, with the sarcomatous component developing from the carcinomatous component through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we analyzed DNA variants from isolated carcinoma and sarcoma components to show that OCS from 18 women is monoclonal. RNA sequencing indicated that the carcinoma components were more mesenchymal when compared with pure epithelial ovarian carcinomas, supporting the conversion theory and suggesting that EMT is important in the formation of these tumors. Preclinical OCS models were used to test the efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs, including eribulin, which has previously been shown to reverse EMT characteristics in breast cancers and induce differentiation in sarcomas. Vinorelbine and eribulin more effectively inhibited OCS growth than standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, and treatment with eribulin reduced mesenchymal characteristics and N-MYC expression in OCS patient-derived xenografts. Eribulin treatment resulted in an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in OCS cells, which triggered a downregulation of the mevalonate pathway and prevented further cholesterol biosynthesis. Finally, eribulin increased expression of genes related to immune activation and increased the intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells, supporting exploration of immunotherapy combinations in the clinic. Together, these data indicate that EMT plays a key role in OCS tumorigenesis and support the conversion theory for OCS histogenesis. Targeting EMT using eribulin could help improve OCS patient outcomes.

Significance:

Genomic analyses and preclinical models of ovarian carcinosarcoma support the conversion theory for disease development and indicate that microtubule inhibitors could be used to suppress EMT and stimulate antitumor immunity.
FDA Approval Summary: Pemigatinib for Previously Treated, Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 Fusion or Other Rearrangement
Authors: Patel Timil H. , Marcus Leigh , Horiba M. Naomi , Donoghue Martha , Chatterjee Somak , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi S. , Schuck Robert N. , Li Yangbing , Zhang Xinyuan , Fourie Zirkelbach Jeanne , Charlab Rosane , Liu Jiang , Yang Yuching , Lemery Steven J. , Pazdur Richard , Theoret Marc R. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola A.
Published: October 2022

On April 17, 2020, the FDA granted accelerated approval to pemigatinib (PEMAZYRE, Incyte Corporation) for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with an FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangement as detected by an FDA-approved test. Approval was based on FIGHT-202 (NCT02924376), a multicenter open-label single-arm trial. Efficacy was based on 107 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma whose disease had progressed on or after at least one prior therapy and had an FGFR2 gene fusion or rearrangement. Patients received pemigatinib, 13.5 mg orally, once daily for 14 consecutive days, followed by 7 days off therapy. Safety was based on a total of 466 patients, 146 of whom had cholangiocarcinoma and received the recommended dose. Efficacy endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR) determined by an independent review committee using RECIST 1.1. ORR was 36% (95% confidence interval: 27–45). Median DOR was 9.1 months. The most common adverse reactions were hyperphosphatemia, alopecia, diarrhea, nail toxicity, fatigue, dysgeusia, nausea, constipation, stomatitis, dry eye, dry mouth, decreased appetite, vomiting, arthralgia, abdominal pain, hypophosphatemia, back pain, and dry skin. Ocular toxicity and hyperphosphatemia are important risks of pemigatinib. The recommended dosage is 13.5 mg orally once daily for 14 consecutive days followed by 7 days off therapy in 21-day cycles. FDA also approved the FoundationOne CDX (Foundation Medicine, Inc.) as a companion diagnostic for patient selection.
Severe Tissue Necrosis after Low-Concentration Cisplatin Extravasation: A Case Report and Review of Expert Guidelines and Literature
Authors: Braam Anouk M. , Wondergem Mariëlle , Crul Mirjam
Published: October 2022

A 65-year-old man was treated with a course of rituximab, cisplatin, and cytarabine. During the second cycle, a volume of 40–50 mL of 0.3 mg/mL cisplatin was extravasated. The patient was treated with a cold pack multiple times a day and cutaneous application of dimethyl sulfoxide cream three times a day for a week. In the months after the extravasation, the patient suffered from worsened swelling and redness and a black crust had formed on the wound. The patient was diagnosed with chemical phlebitis. After watchful waiting for 3 months, antibiotic therapy was started. After 7 months, the wound had healed. On the contrary to what is described in our case, no extravasation guideline classifies cisplatin in a concentration lower than 0.4 mg/ml as a vesicant. The different guidelines also present conflicting recommendations on how to treat the extravasation of cisplatin. In three previous case reports, severe effects of cisplatin extravasation after infusion at low concentration were described as well. We recommend that the findings from our case report are incorporated into extravasation guidelines to ensure optimal treatment of cisplatin extravasations.
Prognostic Impact of Landiolol in Patients with Acute Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Rates: A Pilot Observational Study
Authors: Shirotani Shota , Jujo Kentaro , Abe Takuro , Kametani Motoko , Minami Yuichiro , Suzuki Atsushi , Shiga Tsuyoshi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Guidelines recommend ventricular rate control to <130 bpm during atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) to avoid aggravating deteriorations in cardiac outputs. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of landiolol in patients with ADHF and AF. Methods: This observational study included 60 patients who were urgently hospitalized with ADHF and presented with AF and a heart rate (HR) ≥130 bpm at admission. The patients were assigned to the landiolol group (n = 37) or the reference group (n = 23) based on their intravenous landiolol use within 24 h after admission. The primary endpoint was death from any cause. Results: The groups’ baseline characteristics were similar. A significant HR reduction occurred in the landiolol group at 2 h after admission. Compared with the reference group, the HR was significantly lower (111.6 vs. 97.9 bpm, p = 0.02) and the absolute HR reduction was greater (−32.2 vs. −50.0 bpm, p = 0.006) in the landiolol group at 48 h after admission. The landiolol group’s mortality rate was significantly lower than that in the reference group (log-rank test, p = 0.032). landiolol use within 24 h after admission was independently associated with lower all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.92). Conclusion: Patients with ADHF and AF who received landiolol for rate control during the acute phase had better prognoses than those who did not receive landiolol.
Transitioning Stable Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension from Parenteral Prostanoids to Oral Selexipag
Authors: Hinkamp Colin , Bartolome Sonja , Mims Edward , Chin Kelly , Shah Trushil
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Parenteral prostanoids are the most potent therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but are associated with complications and lifestyle limitations. Carefully selected stable patients may be considered for a transition from parenteral prostanoids to a more convenient oral regimen. We present our experience transitioning patients on parenteral prostanoids to selexipag on an outpatient basis. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all group 1 PAH patients on parenteral prostanoids who transitioned to selexipag using a standardized outpatient-based protocol. Hospitalization and routine prognostic data were recorded. Results: Fourteen patients were followed for a median of 1,240 (1,052–1,528) days; all were functional class (FC) II (n = 9) or III (n = 5). Thirteen patients completed the transition, including 11 who underwent catheterization 376 (321–735) days after discontinuing parenteral therapy. Three patients had unfavorable transitions requiring reinitiation of parenteral treatment. Overall, pulmonary vascular resistance increased (3.3–4.5 WU, p = 0.01), cardiac index fell (4.0–2.8 L/min/m2, p = 0.01), N-terminal pro-hormone of brain natriuretic peptide worsened (111–205 pg/dL, p = 0.03), but PAH-related hospitalizations improved (27–8, p = 0.02). Cardiac imaging, FC, and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) were unchanged. Patients who failed were older (64 vs. 56 years old) with shorter 6MWD (274 vs. 392 m) and higher REVEAL 2.0 scores (11 vs. 3). Conclusions: Transition from parenteral prostanoids to oral selexipag in carefully selected low-risk patients was well-tolerated in many patients, with up to 5 years of follow-up. Overall, the hemodynamic response to transition is unpredictable and close monitoring, particularly in the first year of follow-up, is recommended. Additional evaluation of potential predictors of success is necessary.
Lokale Antimykotikumgabe bei inoperablen pulmonalen Aspergillomen
Authors: Wagner Manfred
Published: October 2022

Background: Endobronchial administration of voriconazole is a potential therapeutic option for inoperable aspergilloma. Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of endobronchial instillation of voriconazole for inoperable pulmonary aspergilloma. Method: Patients with mild to moderate hemoptysis, due to inoperable aspergilloma, were randomized to receive either medical therapy (MT) alone or bronchoscopic instillation of voriconazole with MT and followed up till 3 months. The primary objective of this study was to compare the percentage of patients achieving reduction in the severity of hemoptysis assessed on visual analogue scale (VAS) in intervention and control arm at 3 months. Results: This study included 60 patients (female = 47) with mean (SD) age of 40.6 (13.2) years who were randomized to receive either bronchoscopic instillation of voriconazole (n = 30) or MT alone (n = 30). At 3-month follow-up, the primary objective was achieved in 26/30 (86.7%) patients in intervention group as compared to 11/30 (36.7%) in the control group (p value <0.0001). The VAS score at 3 months was significantly lower in voriconazole group 13.9 (9.3) mm as compared to MT alone group 22.3 (11.5) mm, p value of 0.003. Bronchoscopic instillation of voriconazole was also associated with reduction in cough severity and size of the aspergilloma; however, there was no benefit of this therapy in terms of requirement of hospitalization and BAE. Conclusions: Our study shows that for nonoperable aspergilloma, bronchoscopic instillation of voriconazole is associated with reduction in the severity of hemoptysis. This therapy should be evaluated in large multi-center trials.
Hipertensión arterial pulmonar: Nuevas variantes patogénicas se detectan el nuevo panel genético
Authors: Sánchez-Bustillos Marco Hugo
Published: October 2022

Background: A genetic predisposition can lead to the rare disease pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Most mutations have been identified in the gene BMPR2 in heritable PAH. However, as of today 15 further PAH genes have been described. The exact prevalence across these genes particularly in other PAH forms remains uncertain. We present the distribution of mutations across PAH genes identified at the largest German referral centre for genetic diagnostics in PAH over a course of > 3 years. Methods: Our PAH-specific gene diagnostics panel was used to sequence 325 consecutive PAH patients from March 2017 to October 2020. For the first year the panel contained thirteen PAH genes: ACVRL1, BMPR1B, BMPR2, CAV1, EIF2AK4, ENG, GDF2, KCNA5, KCNK3, KLF2, SMAD4, SMAD9 and TBX4. These were extended by the three genes ATP13A3, AQP1 and SOX17 from March 2018 onwards following the genes’ discovery. Results: A total of 79 mutations were identified in 74 patients (23%). Of the variants 51 (65%) were located in the gene BMPR2 while the other 28 variants were found in ten further PAH genes. We identified disease-causing variants in the genes AQP1, KCNK3 and SOX17 in families with at least two PAH patients. Mutations were not only detected in patients with heritable and idiopathic but also with associated PAH. Discussion: Our study revealed elevated plasma levels of inflammatory mediators in different PAH subgroups and CTEPH at baseline and at 1-year follow-up, whereby CXCL9 and IL-8 may prove to be prognostic markers for CTEPH patients. While this study is exploratory and hypothesis generating, our data indicate an important role for IL-8 and CXCL9 in CHD and CTEPH patients considering the increased plasma levels and the observed correlation with survival. Conclusion: Genetic defects were identified in 23% of the patients in a total of 11 PAH genes. This illustrates the benefit of the specific gene panel containing all known PAH genes.
Investigation of Copy Number Variation in South African Patients With Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Saacks Nicole A. , Eales James , Spracklen Timothy F. , Aldersley Thomas , Human Paul , Verryn Mark , Lawrenson John , Cupido Blanche , Comitis George , De Decker Rik , Fourie Barend , Swanson Lenise , Joachim Alexia , Brooks Andre , Ramesar Raj , Shaboodien Gasnat , Keavney Bernard D. , Zühlke Liesl J.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading non-infectious cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the etiology of CHD is poorly understood, genetic factors including copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to the risk of CHD in individuals of European ancestry. The presence of rare CNVs in African CHD populations is unknown. This study aimed to identify pathogenic and likely pathogenic CNVs in South African patients with CHD.

Methods:

Genotyping was performed on 90 patients with nonsyndromic CHD using the Affymetrix CytoScan HD platform. These data were used to identify large, rare CNVs in known CHD-associated genes and candidate genes.

Results:

We identified eight CNVs overlapping known CHD-associated genes (
GATA4
,
CRKL
,
TBX1
,
FLT4
,
B3GAT3
,
NSD1
) in six patients. The analysis also revealed CNVs encompassing five candidate genes likely to play a role in the development of CHD (
DGCR8
,
KDM2A
,
JARID2
,
FSTL1
,
CYFIP1
) in five patients. One patient was found to have 47, XXY karyotype. We report a total discovery yield of 6.7%, with 5.6% of the cohort carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs expected to cause the observed phenotypes.

Conclusions:

In this study, we show that chromosomal microarray is an effective technique for identifying CNVs in African patients diagnosed with CHD and have demonstrated results similar to previous CHD genetic studies in Europeans. Novel potential CHD genes were also identified, indicating the value of genetic studies of CHD in ancestrally diverse populations.
Sox17
Deficiency Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via HGF/c-Met Signaling
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Kim Soo Hyun , Yang Hae Young , Kim Ju-Hee , Schermuly Ralph Theo , Cho Ye Seul , Kang Hyejeong , Park Jae-Hyeong , Lee Eunhyeong , Park HyeonJin , Yang Jee Myung , Noh Tae Wook , Lee Seung-Pyo , Bae Sun Sik , Han Jinju , Ju Young Seok , Park Jun-Bean , Kim Injune
Published: October 2022

Background:

In large-scale genomic studies,
Sox17
, an endothelial-specific transcription factor, has been suggested as a putative causal gene of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, its role and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We investigated the functional impacts and acting mechanisms of impaired Sox17 (SRY-related HMG-box17) pathway in PAH and explored its potential as a therapeutic target.

Methods:

In adult mice,
Sox17
deletion in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) induced PAH under hypoxia with high penetrance and severity, but not under normoxia.

Results:

Key features of PAH, such as hypermuscularization, EC hyperplasia, and inflammation in lung arterioles, right ventricular hypertrophy, and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, persisted even after long rest in normoxia. Mechanistically, transcriptomic profiling predicted that the combination of
Sox17
deficiency and hypoxia activated c-Met signaling in lung ECs. HGF (hepatocyte grow factor), a ligand of c-Met, was upregulated in
Sox17
-deficient lung ECs. Pharmacologic inhibition of HGF/c-Met signaling attenuated and reversed the features of PAH in both preventive and therapeutic settings. Similar to findings in animal models, Sox17 levels in lung ECs were repressed in 26.7% of PAH patients (4 of 15), while those were robust in all 14 non-PAH controls. HGF levels in pulmonary arterioles were increased in 86.7% of patients with PAH (13 of 15), but none of the controls showed that pattern.

Conclusions:

The downregulation of Sox17 levels in pulmonary arterioles increases the susceptibility to PAH, particularly when exposed to hypoxia. Our findings suggest the reactive upregulation of HGF/c-Met signaling as a novel druggable target for PAH treatment.
Therapeutic Management of Anomalous Coronary Arteries Originating From the Opposite Sinus of Valsalva: Current Evidence, Proposed Approach, and the Unknowing
Authors: Bigler Marius Reto , Kadner Alexander , Räber Lorenz , Ashraf Afreed , Windecker Stephan , Siepe Matthias , Padalino Massimo Antonio , Gräni Christoph
Published: October 2022

Anomalous coronary arteries originating from the opposite sinus of Valsalva (ACAOS) are a challenge because of their various anatomic and clinical presentation. Although the prevalence is low, the absolute numbers of detected ACAOS are increasing because of the growing use of noninvasive anatomical imaging for ruling out coronary artery disease. As evidence‐based guidelines are lacking, treating physicians are left in uncertainty for the optimal management of such patients. The sole presence of ACAOS does not justify surgical correction, and therefore a thorough anatomic and hemodynamic assessment is warranted. Invasive and noninvasive multimodality imaging provides information to the clinical question whether the presence of ACAOS is an innocent coincidental finding, is responsible for the patient’s symptoms, or even might be a risk for sudden cardiac death. Based on recent clinical data, focusing on the pathophysiology of patients with ACAOS, myocardial ischemia is dependent on both the extent of fixed and dynamic components, represented by anatomic high‐risk features. These varying combinations should be considered individually in the decision making for the different therapeutic options. This state‐of‐the‐art review focuses on the advantages and limitations of the common contemporary surgical, interventional, and medical therapy with regard to the anatomy and pathophysiology of ACAOS. Further, we propose a therapeutic management algorithm based on current evidence on multimodality invasive and noninvasive imaging findings and highlight remaining gaps of knowledge.
Annotation Error Detection: Analyzing the Past and Present for a More Coherent Future
Authors: Klie Jan-Christoph , Webber Bonnie , Gurevych Iryna
Published: October 2022

Annotated data is an essential ingredient in natural language processing for training and evaluating machine learning models. It is therefore very desirable for the annotations to be of high quality. Recent work, however, has shown that several popular datasets contain a surprising number of annotation errors or inconsistencies. To alleviate this issue, many methods for annotation error detection have been devised over the years. While researchers show that their approaches work well on their newly introduced datasets, they rarely compare their methods to previous work or on the same datasets. This raises strong concerns on methods’ general performance and makes it difficult to assess their strengths and weaknesses. We therefore reimplement 18 methods for detecting potential annotation errors and evaluate them on 9 English datasets for text classification as well as token and span labeling. In addition, we define a uniform evaluation setup including a new formalization of the annotation error detection task, evaluation protocol, and general best practices. To facilitate future research and reproducibility, we release our datasets and implementations in an easy-to-use and open source software package.1
Joshua Fragment from Codex Climaci Rescriptus: A New Edition Based on the Multispectral Images
Authors: Malik Peter
Published: October 2022

This article offers a new edition of the LXX Joshua portion of Codex Climaci Rescriptus, an important, though somewhat neglected, Sinaitic Palimpsest. The edition is based on the post-processed multispectral images, produced by Early Manuscripts Electronic Library in cooperation with the Lazarus Project. The new technology has aided in correcting various errors in the editio princeps and uncovering hitherto unseen textual and paratextual elements. Moreover, the results of radiocarbon analysis have been factored into the dating of the fragment, resulting in a new proposal for its date of origin.
The Problem of Population Exchange, Mübadele through Deer Myths: A Greek Village in Anatolia, Livera
Authors: Kaya Nilay
Published: October 2022

In Anatolian and Turkish culture, since Shamanic times, deer has often been considered as sacred, rather than a game animal. Through this perspective, many deer-related narratives were formed and became a part of the folklore. This motif can also be seen in the modern narratives of Turkish literature. Necati Cumalı’s play, Yaralı Geyik (The Wounded Deer, 1979) based on a folk ballad, tells the story of a deer hunt and the curse of that deer upon people. Another example, Murathan Mungan’s play, Geyikler ve Lanetler (Deer and Curses, 1992) again nourished by folkloric tradition, focuses on a curse caused by a deer that is hunted during her pregnancy. This article focuses on a more contemporary narrative, Yusuf Bulut’s story Livera Geyikleri (The Deer of Livera, 2011) which uses the same pattern too. However this time a new element is added considering the ‘function’ of the myth, stressing a socio-historical problem, which is mübadele. For the population exchange between the Greek and Turkish people in 1923 shows itself as the main thematic concern in The Deer of Livera, how the story benefits from the possibilities of myth will be questioned in the article and an English translation of the story will be presented.
Prayer on the Prophet between Devotion and Scholarship
Authors: Petrone Michele
Published: October 2022

Prayer on the Prophet constitutes a common practice for all Muslims, often based on collections of taṣliyas that started appearing from the 14th century. This study aims at tracing the early developments of this literature, from jurisprudential works on the liceity and merits of the practice, to the naissance of new and articulated forms of prayer. This will also help detecting the role played by the institutionalization of Sufism in shaping the approach to the figure of the Prophet outside Sufi circles.
Clitopilus chichawatniensis sp. nov. (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan
Authors: FATIMA NADIA , USMAN MUHAMMAD , KHALID ABDUL NASIR
Published: October 2022

A novel mushroom species occurring on loamy soil under Bombax cieba was collected from Chichawatni forest, Punjab, Pakistan. Phylogenetic analyses of the nrDNA ITS and nuLSU regions revealed that it clusters within the genus Clitopilus. Further morpho-anatomical analyses confirmed its uniqueness, which is referred as a new species under the name Clitopilus chichawatniensis. The distinguishing characteristics of this novel taxon are large whitish to light pale, eccentric pleurotoid pileus 50–65 mm wide with lobed and involuted margins, large ovoid to ellipsoid basidiospores 6.2–8.4 × 4.8–6.4 µm with 3–5 longitudinal ridges, absence of cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia. A detailed description of this taxon and a key to all existing species of the genus Clitopilus in Pakistan is provided.
2. An Introduction to Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya
Authors: Lukman Fadhli
Published: October 2022

The second chapter introduces Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya. It looks at the production and development of QT from two perspectives. The first viewpoint sheds light on the evolution of QT’s content through an examination of the revisions that have occurred over the course of QT's six-decade history. Arguing that the important aspects of the translation’s development extend beyond its evolution, this chapter also addresses the more technical aspects of translation production, namely the format of the publication, decisions regarding the layout, the transliteration and spelling system, and the online and hard copy versions of the work. This chapter contends that, as the official Qur’an translation of the state, QT is prepared to maintain its readership among the country's Muslim citizens.
7. One Translation, Two Faces
Authors: Lukman Fadhli
Published: October 2022

Chapter Seven examines the reception of QT through an examination of a specific political scenario fraught with disputes and controversy in which QT played a significant role, namely the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election. This chapter demonstrates how the renderings proposed by different editions of QT resulted in the formation of partisanship, which influenced the election outcome. This case study also shows how the state's Qur’an translation is read, and that it bears more than hermeneutical merits because state authority is also found in the translation.
An Experimental Assessment of the Public’s Views on Immigration When the Terms Illegal and Undocumented are Juxtaposed
Authors: Chenane Joselyne L. , Pryce Daniel K. , Seungeun Lee Claire
Published: October 2022

The twin topics of immigrants and immigration have been known to generate strong debates within the American body politic due to these debates’ reverberations in U.S. society. Immigration has remained a contentious policy issue for several decades because of Americans’ divergent opinions about opening the nation’s borders to immigrants. Using YouGov data, we show that employing the terms illegal immigrant and undocumented immigrant produced different reactions among the survey participants. We also show, via multivariate analyses, that participants who voted for Donald Trump, those who did not vote in the 2016 Presidential election, and conservatives were more likely than liberals and those who voted for Hillary Clinton to endorse Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) twin policies of separating immigrant parents from their children at the U.S.-Mexico border and arresting illegal immigrants who have overstayed their visas, even if they have not committed a crime. The implications of our findings for policy, group relations, and future research are discussed.
Collision detection for six-DOF serial robots force/position hybrid control based on continuous friction model
Authors: Zhang Chuntao , Mu Chunyang , Wang Yong , Li Jiawang , Liu Zhengshi
Published: October 2022

In this work, an effective and practical robot collision detection algorithm is proposed, with the aim of addressing the safety problem of industrial robot force/position hybrid control application conditions. First, a robot force/position hybrid control collision detection scheme was designed, and a collision detection model based on dynamics was established. Then, given the problem of large joint friction force identification error caused by the discontinuous joint speed of the robot force control, the continuous friction model was used to identify and address the joint friction problem through the least square method. Finally, experiments were carried out on a light industrial manipulator. According to the different collision directions of the robots during the experiment, a collision detection method was proposed to monitor the torque changes of the position control joints and the force control joints. Experimental results prove that the continuous friction model is more accurate and effective for joint friction compensation than other methods. The proposed method can achieve effective collision detection with force and position control direction thresholds of 8 and 4 N·m, respectively. The practicability and simplicity of the algorithm that can streamline the process of robot collision detection, the simplified model of the collision detection process only detects the torque change in the position control direction, which has a certain engineering reference value.
Inequality, elections, and communal riots in India
Authors: Bulutgil H Zeynep , Prasad Neeraj
Published: October 2022

How does inequality within and between ethno-religious groups influence the likelihood and frequency of communal riots? Using evidence from India, this article finds that low within-group and high between-group inequality dampens the likelihood and frequency of communal riots. Theoretically, the article suggests that the instrumental logic, which posits that ethnonationalist politicians use violence to stoke ethnic cleavages and mobilize support, best accounts for this finding. We argue that to be politically competitive, ethnonationalist politicians need their supporters to identify foremost with their ethnic identity. When inequality within groups is high and/or inequality between groups is low, citizens are less likely to focus on ethnicity as their primary identity. In such contexts, politicians may use communal riots to improve their electoral prospects by reinforcing the salience of ethnicity. Empirically, the article relies on a time-series cross-district analysis of inequality and Hindu–Muslim riots in India to test the instrumental argument against theoretical alternatives. To illustrate the causal logic, the article also uses the analysis of a communal riot that occurred in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh. Analyzing three aspects of the riot – background conditions, timing, targets of propaganda – we evaluate the different predictions of the instrumental argument. The article concludes with the suggestion that communal riots are distinct from cases of mass violence – such as civil wars, genocide, and ethnic cleansing – and could be conceptualized, along with other types of small-scale political violence, as a separate class of events with their own internal logic.
Evaluation of exhaust air dust polymerase chain reaction as a supplement method for soiled bedding sentinel monitoring in specific pathogen free mouse facility using two different individually ventilated cage racks
Authors: Kim Hwan , Jeon Chan-Mi , Jang Yoon-Cheol , Goo Jun-Seo , Park Jae-Hak
Published: October 2022

Health monitoring is essential for ensuring animal health and reliable research results. Each animal facility should establish adequate health monitoring methods, and microbiological quality control should be implemented through regular health surveillance. Recently, specific pathogen free (SPF) mice have been housed in individually ventilated cage (IVC) racks in the majority of mouse facilities globally, and health monitoring is implemented using a soiled bedding sentinel (SBS). Even though SBS monitoring is a standard method, it has a limitation in that some pathogens are not sufficiently transmitted to the sentinel housed in the IVC. The exhaust air dust polymerase chain reaction (EAD PCR) method has been reported to be a reliable complementary method to SBS monitoring based on research findings. In Korea, health monitoring programs using EAD PCR have not yet been applied to laboratory animal facilities. The microbiological status of mouse colonies housed in the two IVC racks was compared using SBS and EAD PCR monitoring in our SPF mouse facility. Except for Helicobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, the detection of 16 pathogens did not differ between the two methods. In the detection of Helicobacter spp., EAD PCR was found to be more sensitive than SBS. Helicobacter spp. were not found by SBS, whereas four S. aureus positive samples were detected by either SBS or EAD PCR test. According to our findings, EAD PCR can be used as a supplement to SBS monitoring. Moreover, EAD PCR can reduce the number of animals used, making it a 3R (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement)-consistent method.
Stress-related psychosocial risk factors among police officers working on Rape and Serious Sexual Offences
Authors: Maguire Linda , Sondhi Arun
Published: October 2022

This study describes police attitudes and perceptions of health and wellbeing among police officers who work on Rape and Serious Sexual Offences (RASSO) cases. A mixed-methods approach was deployed including a cross-sectional online survey of RASSO officers and a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews in one English Police Force Area. Findings show that organisational policies have little salience. There is an entrenched culture of continuing to work despite being unwell, to provide operational support for colleagues. There is a need to develop specific strategies that reduce the stress for a team or unit-level for this cohort of police officers.
Impact of conventional and modified ring-spun yarn structures on the generation and release of fragmented fibers (microfibers) during abrasive wear and laundering
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Palacios-Marín Alma V , Ghanbarzadeh Ali , Yang Dongmin , Tausif Muhammad
Published: October 2022

The abrasive wear of textiles during ordinary use and laundering results in fiber damage, which leads to the generation and release of fragmented fibers (FFs). Ring-spun yarn has a dominant share of about 70% of global spun yarn production. The effect of conventional and modified ring yarn structures (compact, SIRO and SIRO-compact) on FF release from cotton textiles during repeated abrasion and laundering was studied. All prepared cotton yarns and textiles are industrially and commercially relevant. The FFs formed during each abrasion and washing cycle were collected from textiles and quantified. The yarn tensile properties and fabric frictional characteristics were employed to explain the release of FFs. For the first time, the morphology of collected FF ends was associated with the fiber damage nature (granulated and fibrillated) induced by different types of stresses and experimental exposure conditions. The results demonstrated that modified ring yarn structures released a significantly lower FF mass as compared to conventional ring yarn structures. The tensile strength was decreased, and breaking elongation increased after repeated abrasion and washing. The fabric surface properties were also affected by abrasion and laundering. The yarn structure choices impact the amount of released FFs, which are dispersed into the environment as a pollutant or a carrier of pollutants with potential hazards to the health of the environment and living organisms.
Predictors of Satisfaction With Work Environment in the Context of a Mismatch in Working Hours: A Nationwide, Large-Scale, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: October 2022

This nationwide, large-scale, cross-sectional study has hypothesized that there might be differences in workers’ satisfaction with work environment depending on demographic, socio-economic, and work characteristics in the context of a mismatch between actual and preferred working hours. The current study is a secondary data analysis of the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. A total of 29 694 subjects (n = 29 694) were finally included in the current study. Female gender (β = −.372, OR 0.689 [95% CI 0.646-0.736]), age of ≥60 years old (β = .226, OR 1.253 [95% CI 1.089-1.441]), graduation from middle school (β = −.320, OR 0.726 [95% CI 0.616-0.856]), college (β = .492, OR 1.636 [95% CI 1.371-1.952]), or university (β = .826, OR 2.283 [95% CI 1.918-2.718]), fixed period of work (β = −.105, OR 0.901 [95% CI 0.823-0.986]), full-time employment (β = −.105, OR 0.900 [95% CI 0.813-0.996]), the engagement in public sector (β = .544, OR 1.722 [95% CI 1.532-1.935]), private-public partnership organization (β = .605, OR 1.832 [95% CI 1.342-2.500]) or NPO or NGO (β = .780, OR 2.182 [95% CI 1.522-3.127]), regular side job (β = −.929, OR 0.395 [95% CI 0.289-0.539]), or temporary side job (β = −.330, OR 0.719 [95% CI 0.533-0.970]), membership of multiple teams (β = −.501, OR 0.606 [95% CI 0.552-0.666]), labor union (β = .143, OR 1.154 [95% CI 1.047-1.273]), and better health status (β = .977, OR 2.657 [95% CI 1.175-6.007]) were predictors of satisfaction with work environment in the context of a mismatch between actual and desired working hours. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that female gender, age of ≥60 years old, graduation from middle school, college, or university, fixed period of work, full-time employment, the engagement in public sector, private-public partnership organization or NPO or NGO, regular side job or temporary side job, membership of multiple teams, labor union, and better health status were predictors of satisfaction with work environment.
“Neighborhood Nightmares”: Drug Dens, Finance, and the Political Economy of the Crack Crisis
Authors: Helps David
Published: October 2022

During the 1980s, legislation to deregulate mortgage and real estate markets unleashed new levels of predatory lending and speculation in the low-income Black and Latinx neighborhoods of Los Angeles. By decade’s end, deregulation resulted in an avalanche of foreclosed and abandoned homes, which became closely associated with gangs who dealt crack cocaine. In 1989, the city began to target these “crime magnets” for removal under “Operation Knockdown,” with considerable community support. But drilling down to the neighborhood level reveals this support was not the expression of middle-class Black conservatives or a “Black silent majority,” as historians have elsewhere inferred. For some neighbors, the concentration of “nightmare” properties in racialized communities was symptomatic of those communities’ exclusion and disempowerment by finance, real estate, and local government. Such community responses to “drug dens” in Los Angeles suggest the limitations of pursuing inclusion in a political economy increasingly organized around asset price inflation.
The regional macroeconomic impact of projected affordable housing developments: Facilitating the ‘levelling up’ Agenda?
Authors: Boyle Stephen , Connolly Kevin , McGregor Peter G , Spowage Mairi
Published: October 2022

While investment in social housing is mentioned in the Government’s white paper on levelling up, it does not receive the emphasis extended to infrastructure investment. Traditionally, the case for affordable housing was based on merit goods arguments. While the economic effects of housing have been explored, this has mainly been through traditional economic impact studies whose perceived weakness has led to a degree of policy scepticism around the findings of such studies. Recently, however, a strong case has been made for treating investment in housing on a comparable basis to infrastructure on the basis of its potentially important impacts on the supply side, stimulating labour supply and productivity. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential economic impacts of meeting the projections of affordable housing needed in Scotland to combat homelessness using a framework that overcomes the weaknesses of conventional impact analyses.