bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic, Race and Socioeconomic Disparities in Medulloblastoma: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis and Population-based Study
Authors: Zhu Sihan , Cheng Zhuqing , Yu Yanjiao , Zhang Ji , Chen Zhenghe , Ke Chao , Yang Qunying , Lin Fuhua , Chen Yinsheng , Wang Jian
Published: January 2021

Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Studies have shown that the link between socio-economic status, morbidity and mortality from major cancers has changed significantly over the past 50 years, and therefore the socio-economic variation in cancer incidence is dynamic. Meanwhile, Socio-economic status (SES) characteristics of patients with medulloblastoma and the influence of Socio-economic status on their prognosis have been rarely discussed.
Methods: Purpose of our study was aiming to understand ethnic, gender and socioeconomic disparities in medulloblastoma by using the SEER database. Propensity score matching of cases with controls by gender was conducted at the ratio of 1:1. Multivariate cox proportional hazards model was used to assess SES impact and clinically relevant variables of medulloblastoma specific death and overall survival. Independent prognostic factors determined by multivariate analysis were used to construct nomograms.
Results: 2660 patients were enrolled after the matching. Study showed unemployed (MBSD, high level vs. low level, HR = 1.334) (OS, high level vs. low level, HR = 1.311) and marital status (OS, married vs unmarried/unknow., HR = 0.706) were important factors affecting the prognosis of medulloblastoma in male. Meanwhile, median household income (MBSD, Quartile 1 vs. Quartile 3, HR = 1.029) (OS, Quartile 1 vs. Quartile 2, HR = 1.809) (OS, Quartile 1 vs. Quartile 3, HR = 1.592), residence (MBSD, urban vs. rural, HR = 0.414) and insurance status (MBSD, insured vs. uninsured/unknow, HR = 0.566) (OS, insured vs. uninsured/unknow, HR = 0.573) were significant factors affecting the prognosis of medulloblastoma in female. Through the calibration plot and C-index test, our nomogram was also of predictive significance.
Conclusions: The unique features of medulloblastoma have provided a scenario for the analysis of the impact of racial, ethnic, gender and socioeconomic factors. The current findings have important public health implications for achieving the goal of a healthy population. Given the known morbidity rates and the long-term psychological, financial and medical burdens that these children and their families must bear, it is critical to identify and address these gaps.
Effects of Demographic Structure in Labour Market Decompositions
Authors: Maleček Petr
Published: January 2021

Impact of demographic structure on labor market and macroeconomic aggregates might be pronounced in some countries. Despite this fact, only a handful of approaches dealing with quantifications such effects have been derived so far. The aim of this paper is therefore to fill this methodological gap and to introduce methodological approaches for capturing changes in demographic structure, with many applications in growth accounting and labor market decompositions. Firstly, a novel additive decomposition will be presented, as an alternative to traditional models using fixed population weights. This will be followed by the presentation of a multiplicative decomposition, which can be applied to all kinds of growth accounting exercises based on multiplicative identities.JEL classificationJ11; C02
Muscle-Strengthening Exercise and Depression in Chinese Young Adults
Authors: Chi Xinli , Curtin Kimberley , Kastelic Kaja , Huang Liuyue , Clark Cain , Zhang Yanjie , Chen Si-Tong , Jiao Can , Zou Liye
Published: January 2021

Studies based on western population have indicated that muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) has positive roles against mental disorders, but little is known about that in Chinese adults. This study, thus, aimed to explore the association between MSE and depression in Chinese university students (aged 18-24 years). A convenient sample of 1794 university students (mean age: 20.67 years) were recruited into this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information on participants’ sociodemographic information (e.g., sex, body mass index) and MSE. Physical activity and sleep were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Study participants’ depression severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A multilevel linear regression was performed to examine the association between MSE and depression. Only 24.87% of study participants met the World Health Organization MSE guidelines of more than 2 days/week. The mean score of depression was 6.80 (± 5.19). More days for MSE (0-7 days) was negatively associated with depression (beta = -0.17, 95%CI: -0.31 ─ -0.03, p = 0.015). Students who did not meet MSE guidelines were more likely to have higher risks for depression (beta = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.09-0.19, p = 0.027). The results indicate that engaging in MSE could be related to decreased depression in Chinese young adults. Interventions aiming at reducing depression could incorporate MSE as a strategic component.
Opportunistic Screening for Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: WONG Chun-Ka , HUANG Duo , ZHOU Mi , LAU Yee-Man , LAI Wing-Hon , LAU Yuk-Ming , HAI JoJo , LAU Chu-Pak , CHAN Esther W , YUE Wen-Sheng , ZUO Ming Liang , YIN Li-Xue , FENG Yingqing , TAN Ning , CHEN Jiyan , LI Xin-Li , TSE Hung-Fat , LEE Chi-Ho , CHOW Wing-Sun , Siu Chung‐Wah
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Prevention of heart failure (HF) has been recognized as an urgent public health need. International guidelines recommend natriuretic peptide biomarker-based screening for patients at high HF risk to allow early detection and intervention to delay HF progression and mortality. Little has been reported the incorporation of screening procedure to existing clinical practice. The objective of the study was to describe the opportunistic screening of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

METHOD

This was a prospective screening study at the DM complication screening center.

RESULTS

Between 2018 and 2019, 1,132 consecutive DM patients with no prior history of HF or atrial fibrillation (AF) attending regular complication screening were invited to participate. Of these, 89 patients refused or failed to complete the screening. The final analysis included 1,043 patients (age: 63.7±12.4 years; male: 56.3%). The mean HbA1c was 7.25±1.34%. There were 81.8% patients with concomitant hypertension, 31.1% with coronary artery disease, 8.0% with previous stroke, and 5.5% with peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, 45.7% patients had diabetic retinopathy, 33.6% had peripheral neuropathy, and 30.7% had chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5. At the screening session, 43 patients (4.1%) had an elevated NT-proBNP concentration above the age-specific diagnostic thresholds for HF, and 43 patients (4.1%) had newly detected AF. The prevalence of elevated NT-proBNP concentration increased with age from 0.85% in patients aged <50 years to 7.14% in those aged 70-79 years and worsening kidney function from 0.43% in patients with CKD stage 1 to 42.86% in CKD stage 5. In multivariate logistic regression, male gender (OR: 3.67 (1.47-9.16), p =0.005*), prior stroke (OR: 3.26 (1.38-7.69), p= 0.007*), CKD ( p <0.001*), and newly detected AF (OR: 7.02 (2.65-18.57), p <0.001*) were significantly associated with elevated NT-proBNP concentration. Amongst patients with elevated NT-proBNP concentration, their mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 51.4 ± 14.7%, and 45% patients had a LVEF <50%.

CONCLUSION

Both NT-proBNP and ECG screening could be easily implemented. Our findings demonstrate systemic screening allows detection of early phase HF and asymptomatic AF in patients with DM, thereby facilitating the implementation of preventive measure to improve the long-term outcomes.
A high triglyceride/ high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance in the US population: a cross-sectional study from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2018
Authors: Gong Rongpeng , Li Zheng , Liu Ya , Luo Gang , Yang Lixin , Wei Xiaoxing
Published: January 2021

Background

Some previous studies have reported that the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein may indicate insulin resistance, but the results suggest that there are differences between different ethnic groups. In this study, the NHANES 2017-2018 database was used to explore the relationship between TG/HDL-C and IR in the American population.

Methods

This trial comes from a cross-sectional study of NHANES ( http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/ ) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the US Centers for Diseases and Control and Prevention. IR uses the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) formula as an indicator: [fasting insulin (μU/mL)×fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5, with ≥75th percentile of HOMA-IR as an indicator. Use logistic regression to explore the relationship between TG/HDL ratio and IR occurrence.

Results

In this study, a total of 450 participants (40%,450/1902) developed insulin resistance. Using logistic regression model of the association between TG/HDL-C and insulin resistance risk, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, as the TG/HDL ratio increases, the probability of insulin resistance increases significantly (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.59-2.30, P<0.0001). At the same time, we performed a smooth curve fitting and found a non-linear relationship between TG/HDL and IR. Even if the adjusted covariate is deleted from the model, the association remains unchanged. The smooth curve of TG/HDL-C The inflexion point is 0.95. When TG/HDL-C<0.95, the effect value is very significant (OR: 27.34, 95%CI, 10.61-70.47, P<0.0001), when TG/HDL-C≥0.95, the effect value is relatively reduced (OR: 1.29, 95% CI, 1.03-1.61, P<0.0001). We grouped them by inflexion points. Multiple regression equations showed that after adjustment, the group's risk of insulin resistance greater than 0.95 increased by two times compared with the group less than 0.95.

Conclusions

In this study, we found that the increase of TG/HDL-C ratio in the American population was significantly related to IR. It is clinically acceptable and can save some extra costs for patients. However, in different situations, combining the TG/HDL-C ratio with other risk factors to predict whether IR will occur is worthwhile for the next step.
Metreleptin as A Rescue Therapy in A Patient With A Novel Mutation for Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Type 3, Originally Presenting as Type 1 Diabetes.
Authors: LAMBADIARI VAIA , KOUNTOURI AIKATERINI , MARATOU EIRINI , LIATIS STAVROS , DIMITRIADIS GEORGE , KARPE FREDRIK
Published: January 2021

Background: Familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) is a very rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder which is caused by mutations in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene. It is characterized by a partial loss of adipose tissue leading to subnormal leptin secretion and metabolic complications. Metreleptin, a synthetic analogue of human leptin, is an effective treatment for generalized lipodystrophies, but the evidence for efficacy in patients with FPLD3 is scarce. Case presentation: We present a 61-year-old woman, initially misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes since the age of 29, with severe insulin resistance, who gradually displayed a more generalized form of lipoatrophy and extreme hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and multiple manifestations of cardiovascular disease. She was found to carry a novel mutation leading to PPARGGlu157Gly variant. After six months of metreleptin treatment HbA1c decreased from 10% to 7.9% and fasting plasma triglycerides were dramatically reduced from 2.919 mg/dl to 198 mg/dl. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of early recognition of FPLD syndromes otherwise frequently observed as a difficult-to-classify and manage diabetes cases, in order to prevent cardiovascular complications. Metreleptin may be an effective treatment for FPLD3.
Nutritional status of children aged 2-18 years old: a single-center study in China
Authors: Tu Wei Jin , Ruan Yu , He Dan Zhen , Ding Yuan
Published: January 2021

Background:To assess the nutritional status and associated factors of abnormal nutritional status(malnutrition, overweight and obesity) among children aged 2 to 18 years old in Southwestern China.Methods:Children attending routine health checkups at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between April 2017 and March 2020 were enrolled in this study. Nutritional status was defined based on BMI cut-off values, and statistically analyzed based on gender, region, and age. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for abnormal nutritional status.Results:The overall prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity was 5.87% ,9.81% and 10.50%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity and malnutrition in boys was higher than that in girls (P<0.01), while the prevalence of overweight is reversed (P<0.05). The prevalence of overweight among boys in urban regions was higher than in rural regions (P<0.05). Boys had the highest prevalence of obesity (P<0.01), girls had the lowest prevalence of malnutrition (P<0.05) in the 13-18 year-old group.The aOR for obesity and malnutrition in girls was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73–0.87) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71–0.90), respectively. Compared to adolescents in the 13-18 year-old group,the aOR for obesity in children in the 2-6 year-old group, for malnutrition in children in the 7-12 year-old group was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.46–0.67)and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.25–2.33),respectively.Conclusions: The nutritional status of children and adolescents in Southwest China is comparable to that at the national level. The prevalence of obesity and malnutrition is shown to be associated with gender, and age.
Composite Observer Based Output Feedback Control for Multiple Constraints Manipulator
Authors: Xu Du , Lu Xinjiang
Published: January 2021

It is a big challenge to control the manipulator, due to disturbances and some unmeasurable states. To alleviate thischallenge, a composite observer based output feedback control method is developed in this paper. It first proposes a composite state/disturbance observer to simultaneously estimate the unmeasurable states and external disturbance. On this basis, a output feedback adaptive control strategy is developed to achieve the desired performance under the multiple constraints, an integral Lyapunov candidate function is used to deal with input dead zone and output saturation . Moreover, the stability of the developed controller is analyzed and proved. Finally, Experiment s on a 2 DOF(degree of freedom)manipulator is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed control method. The results show that the proposed control method can effectively achieve the desirable control performance. Compared with several commonly used control methods, the proposed method shows the superiority.
Mathematical Modelling of a Novel Hetero-junction Dual SIS ZnO-Si-SnO Solar Cell
Authors: Dasgupta Kaustuv , Gangopadhyay Utpal , Mondal Anup , Ray Soma
Published: January 2021

For the last few decades scientists across the world have achieved significant improvement in performance of conventional silicon p-n junction solar cell. Sophisticated high temperature doping technology is unavoidable in the fabrication of these conventional solar cells. Back in 1970s scientists proposed an alternative solar cell technology with Schottky barrier which can cut down the burden on thermal budget of manufacturing process. Later the metal-semiconductor Schottky barrier further modified with hetero junction semiconductor-semiconductor solar cells. A thin intrinsic layer sandwiched between semiconductor-semiconductor junctions can repair the junction defect efficiently. These SIS solar cells became popular for its low thermal budget and considerable efficiency. In this paper we have tried to propose a mathematical model of a novel dual side SIS solar cell which is basically a multi junction solar cell. We have introduced a third semiconductor layer (SnO) at the back side of the cell which can provide an inversion layer much similar to PERT solar cell. This structure is first of its kind and thus a theoretical analysis is required before implementation. We have studied the effect of this back field on the performance of the cell and propose a mathematical model based on reciprocity theorem of charge collection. The efficiency of conventional ZnO-pSi SIS solar cell was computed ~ 5.2% while the back SnO p+ layer is expected to enhance the efficiency up to ~ 7.9% according to our mathematical model. We have concluded with significant mathematical justification to implement this structure with proposed electro-chemical experiments.
Strengthening healthcare providers’ capacity for safe abortion and post-abortion care services in humanitarian settings: lessons learned from the clinical outreach refresher training model (S-CORT) in Uganda, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Tran Nguyen Toan , Greer Alison , Dah Talemoh , Malilo Bibiche , Kakule Bergson , Morisho Thérèse Faila , Asifiwe Douglass Kambale , Musa Happiness , Simon Japheth , Meyers Janet , Noznesky Elizabeth , Neusy Sarah , Vranovci Burim , Powell Bill
Published: January 2021

Background – Fragile and crisis-affected countries account for most maternal deaths worldwide, with unsafe abortion being one of its leading causes. This case study aims to describe the Clinical Outreach Refresher Training strategy for sexual and reproductive health (S-CORT) designed to update health providers’ competencies on uterine evacuation using both medications and manual vacuum aspiration. The paper also explores stakeholders’ experiences, recommendations for improvement, and lessons learned.Methods – Using mixed methods, we evaluated three training workshops that piloted the uterine evacuation module in 2019 in humanitarian contexts of Uganda, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.Results – Results from the workshops converged to suggest that the module contributed to increasing participants’ theoretical knowledge and possibly technical and counseling skills. Equally noteworthy were their confidence building and positive attitudinal changes promoting a rights-based, fearless, non-judgmental, and non-discriminatory approach toward clients. Participants valued the hands-on, humanistic, and competency-based training methodology, although most regretted the short training duration and lack of practice on real clients. Recommendations to improve the capacity development continuum of uterine evacuation included recruiting the appropriate health cadres for the training; sharing printed pre-reading materials to all participants; sustaining the availability of medication and supplies to offer services to clients after the training; and helping staff through supportive supervision visits to accelerate skills transfer from training to clinic settings.Conclusions – When the lack of skilled human resources is a barrier to lifesaving uterine evacuation services in humanitarian settings, the S-CORT strategy could offer a rapid hands-on refresher training opportunity for service providers needing an update in knowledge and skills. Such a capacity-building approach could be useful in humanitarian and fragile settings as well as in development settings with limited resources as part of an overall effort to strengthen other building blocks of the health system.
High-elevational occurrence of two tick species, Ixodes ricinus and I. trianguliceps, at their northern distribution range
Authors: De Pelsmaeker Nicolas , Korslund Lars , Steifetten Øyvind
Published: January 2021

Background: During the last decades a northward and upward range shift has been observed among many organisms across different taxa. In the northern hemisphere, ticks have been observed to have increased their latitudinal and altitudinal range limit. However, the elevational expansion at its northern distribution range remains largely unstudied. In this study we investigated the altitudinal distribution of the exophilic Ixodes ricinus and endophilic I. trianguliceps on two mountain slopes in Norway by assessing larval infestation rates on bank voles (Myodes glareolus).Methods: During 2017 and 2018, 1325 bank voles were captured during spring, summer and autumn at 10 trapping stations ranging from 100 m to 1000 m.a.s.l. in two study areas in southern Norway. We used generalized logistic regression models to estimate the prevalence of infestation of both tick species along altitude, considering study area, collection year and season, temperature, humidity and altitude interactions as extrinsic variables; and host body mass and sex as intrinsic predictor variables.Results: We found that both I. ricinus and I. trianguliceps infested bank voles at altitudes up to 1000 m.a.s.l., which is a substantial increase in altitude compared to previous findings for I. ricinus in this region. The infestation rates declined more rapidly for I. ricinus compared to I. trianguliceps, indicating that the endophilic ecology of I. trianguliceps may provide shelter from limiting factors tied to altitude. Seasonal effects limited the occurrence of I. ricinus during autumn, but I. trianguliceps was found to infest rodents at all altitudes during all seasons of both years.Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the altitudinal distribution of two tick species at their northern distributional range, one with the potential to transmit zoonotic pathogens to both humans and livestock. With warming temperatures predicted to increase, and especially so in the northern regions, the risk of tick-borne infections is likely to become a concern at increasingly higher altitudes in the future.
Traditional food plants of the upper Aswa River catchment of Northern Uganda - a cultural crossroads
Authors: Masters Eliot Thomas
Published: January 2021

Background In the parkland agroforestry system of northern Uganda, smallholder farming households rely on a diversity of plant species to fulfil their nutritional requirements, many of which also serve a range of medicinal, cultural and livelihood functions. The purpose of the study was to assemble an inventory of indigenous plant species used as food in four districts within the Aswa River catchment of northern Uganda, and to document their the utilization and management by rural communities. Methods From July 1999 to August 2000, a series of 61 community-based focus group discussions on the utilization of plant biodiversity were conducted in the vernacular language at 34 sites in four districts of northern Uganda, with participation by key informants self-selected on basis of their technical knowledge and personal interest. Of these, 232 respondents subsequently provided a collection of herbarium specimens, which were submitted to the Makerere University Herbarium for identification. For each of the specimens collected, a structured interview was conducted to document the botanical, ecological, seasonal and alimentary attributes of each identified taxon, and details of its processing and utilization by the community from which it was obtained. The data analysis was undertaken during 2019 and 2020, including statistical tests to assess the relative importance of the cited taxa using the Relative Importance Index (RI), and to determine the similarity of edible plant use between the four cultures using the Jaccard Index of similarity (JI). Results Key informant interviews yielded 1,347 use reports (URs) for 360 identified specimens of 88 indigenous edible plant species. The study presents patterns of use of the indigenous edible plants of four cultures of the Aswa River catchment of northern Uganda. RI scores ranged from 0.93 to 0.11, with fruit trees occupying the top 25 taxa (RI 0.45 and above). Jaccard similarity scores ranged from 25.8% between Lango and Acholi, to 15.8% between Acholi and Ethur, indicating that cultural factors appear to be more significant than shared ancestry as determinants of cultural similarity of plant use. Conclusions The data constitute an inventory of on-farm plant species, including cultivated, semi-cultivated and wild plants, integrated into a parkland agroforestry system in which useful trees and other plant species are sustained and managed under cultivation. Agricultural and on-farm plant biodiversity may be seen as a food security resource, and a nutritional buffer against increasing risks and stressors on low-input smallholder agriculture. Further studies should assess the intra-species biodiversity of these resources, with respect to farmer-valued traits and vernacular (folk) classification systems.
Development and evaluation of a new P. falciparum 3D7 blood stage malaria cell bank for use in malaria volunteer infection studies
Authors: Woolley Stephen Derek , Fernandez Melissa , Rebelo Maria , Llewellyn Stacey , Marquart Louise , Amante Fiona , Jennings Helen , Webster Rebecca , Trenholme Katharine , Chalon Stephan , Moehrle Joerg , McCarthy James , Barber Bridget
Published: January 2021

Background New antimalarial therapeutics are required to counter the threat of increasing drug resistance. Malaria volunteer infection studies (VIS), particularly the induced blood stage malaria (IBSM) model, play a key role in accelerating antimalarial drug development. Supply of the reference 3D7-V2 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cell bank (MCB) is limited. We aimed to develop a new MCB, and compare the safety and infectivity of this MCB with the existing 3D7-V2 MCB, in a VIS. A second bank (3D7-V1) developed in 1995 was also evaluated.Methods We expanded the 3D7-V2 MCB in vitro using a bioreactor to produce a new MCB designated 3D7-MBE-008. This bank and 3D7-V1 were then evaluated using the IBSM model, where healthy participants were intravenously inoculated with blood-stage parasites. Participants were treated with artemether-lumefantrine when parasitaemia or clinical thresholds were reached. Safety, infectivity and parasite growth and clearance were evaluated. Results The in vitro expansion of 3D7-V2 produced 200 vials of the 3D7-MBE-008 MCB, with a parasitaemia of 4.3%. This compares to 0.1% in the existing 3D7-V2 MCB, and <0.01% in the 3D7-V1 MCB. All four participants (two per MCB) developed detectable Plasmodium falciparum infection after inoculation with approximately 2800 parasites. For the 3D7-MBE-008 MCB, the parasite multiplication rate of 48 hours (PMR48) using non-linear mixed effects modelling was 34.6 (95% CI: 18.5 – 64.6), similar to the parental 3D7-V2 line; parasitaemia in both participants exceeded 10,000/mL by day 8. Growth of the 3D7-V1 was slower (PMR48 of 11.5 [95% CI: 8.5 – 15.6]), with parasitaemia exceeding 10,000 parasites/mL on days 10 and 8.5. Rapid parasite clearance followed artemether-lumefantrine treatment in all four participants, with clearance half-lives of 4.01 and 4.06 (weighted mean 4.04 [95% CI: 3.61 – 4.57]) hours for 3D7-MBE-008 and 4.11 and 4.52 (weighted mean 4.31 [95% CI: 4.16 – 4.47]) hours for 3D7-V1. A total of 59 adverse events occurred; most were of mild severity with three being severe in the 3D7-MBE-008 study. Conclusion The safety, growth and clearance profiles of the expanded 3D7-MBE-008 MCB closely resemble that of its parent, indicating its suitability for future studies.Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry numbers:P3487 (3D7-V1): ACTRN12619001085167P3491 (3D7-MBE-008): ACTRN12619001079134
Adamantinoma-like variant of Ewing sarcoma in the metatarsal bone after chemotherapy: Report of a case successfully treated with an osteocutaneous fibular transfer.
Authors: Marais Yolandi Anne , Saini Aaron , Ferreira Nando , Reddy Kershinee , Zühlke Alexander , Rossouw Nelmarie , Zaharie Stefan Dan , Schubert Pawel Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma is a rare variant of Ewing sarcoma known to have histologic and immunohistochemical evidence of squamous differentiation. This variant most commonly occurs in the head and neck region with a few cases reported in long bones of the limbs. It may be associated with poorer clinical outcome and could pose a diagnostic challenge(s) particularly if it occurs in older patients or as a metastatic lesion. We present a case of Ewing sarcoma in the metatarsal of an 11 year old boy that manifested adamantinoma-like morphology after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has been reported to induce neuronal maturation and rhabdoid morphology in cases of Ewing sarcoma, but no reports of treatment induced squamous differentiation with P40/P63 expression have been demonstrated. This is also the first documented case to use a pedicled osteocutaneous fibular transfer in a metatarsal malignancy, which is usually treated by either ray or below knee amputation.
ESCO2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by regulating hnRNPA1 acetylation
Authors: Zhu Hui-er , Li Tao , Shi Shengnan , Chen De-xiong , Chen Weiping , Chen Hui
Published: January 2021

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that metabolism reprogramming and abnormal acetylation modification play an important role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression, although the mechanism is largely unknown. Methods: Here, we used three public databases (Oncomine, Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO], The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA]) to analyze ESCO2 (establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2) expression in LUAD. The biological function of ESCO2 was studiedusing cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion assays in vitro, and mouse xenograft models in vivo. ESCO2 interacting proteins were searched using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and mass spectrometry. Pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM) mRNA splicing assay was performed using RT-PCR together with restriction digestion. LUAD cell metabolism was studied using glucose uptake assays and lactate production. ESCO2 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues, and higher ESCO2 expression indicated worse prognosis for patients with LUAD. Results: We found that ESCO2 promoted LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis metabolic reprogramming in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ESCO2 increased hnRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1) binding to the intronic sequences flanking exon 9 (EI9) of PKM mRNA by inhibiting hnRNPA1 nuclear translocation, eventually inhibiting PKM1 isoform formation and inducing PKM2 isoform formation. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that ESCO2 is a key factor in promoting LUAD malignant progression and suggest that it is a new target for treating LUAD.
ISSUES OF THE EXECUTION OF JUDGEMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN UKRAINE AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Nepyipa R. O.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the problems of implementation of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights by Ukraine. In this context, too, the key problems and peculiarities of the current state of implementation of Ukraine’s judgments of the European Court of Human Rights are highlighted. It is emphasized that the enforcement of judgments by Ukraine is an important guarantee of ensuring the right to a fair trial. However, the lack of proper enforcement is recognized by the European Court of Human Rights as a violation of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It is emphasized that the problematic issue in the implementation of ECHR decisions is that the state executor, as a representative of the public authority, receives a salary from the State Budget of Ukraine, but is obliged, according to executive documents, to act against his state. Thanks to the planned reform of the State Bailiffs’ Service of Ukraine, it is envisaged to create a private system of enforcement of court decisions, since a non-governmental institution would not be more effective in this case. The problem of determining the location of the collector by the ECtHR is considered. It is suggested that in order to find out the location (location) of the collector, in accordance with the ECtHR decision, a special procedure should be provided, a list of necessary actions to be taken by a state body. In particular, such actions may be sending requests to the last known place of work. It is emphasized that legal and political risks for Ukraine are that the violating state may be subject to various sanctions, such as deprivation of voting rights or suspension of membership, up to and
including exclusion from the Council of Europe. It is proved that the source of inefficient work of the executive service should be sought, first of all, in imperfect legal regulation, numerous legislative restrictions, and insufficient state costs for the implementation of ECtHR decisions. The experience of Germany on the practice of implementing ECtHR decisions is considered and it is proposed to borrow the experience of foreign countries in the current situation. It is noted that an important step of Ukraine towards European statehood is to increase the level of national protection of citizens and to adopt a law that provides for the accountability of public authorities and their officials for inaction in the implementation of ECtHR decisions.
Keywords: European Court of Human Rights, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, judgment, enforcement, general measures.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL SECURITY AS THE BASIS OF COMMUNITY PROTECTION
Authors: Pavlenko B.O. , Gulakov V.A.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the historical origins of the establishment of the concept of "national security". It has been found that the concept of "national security" is quite common, and its meaning is considered depending on the cognitive traditions that are formed in each state. However, the values ​​and organizational forms of national security are determined on the basis of historical and socio-political conditions of the state in which she was born, is improving, and works. The approaches of scientists to the definition of national security are analyzed. It is investigated that there exists a wide variety of definitions of national security, and their authors have their own opinions and approaches to the interpretation of this concept, in a narrower or, conversely, broader sense of this phrase. Also in this context revealed the need to consider national security as the basis for the protection of society. The study conducted the main influencing factors on national security indicators. It is emphasized that the continued existence, economic development, self-sufficiency, and the development of our country as a democratic, sovereign, and social state depends on it primarily from the implementation of nationally oriented both foreign and domestic policy concerning the protection of interests of the country, society, the person. Namely, it aims to create a system of national security, which in turn will guarantee the protection of vital interests
of the state, society, and specifically each person from internal and external threats. As a result, the definition of national security is given, namely “national security is a measure the real level of rights and freedoms of members of the human community (citizens) accordingly community of the state ". In addition, the article identifies the factors that influence the main indicators of national security.
Keywords: national security, security, protection of society
EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES AS TO PROTECTION AND DEFENDING OF AUTHOR’S AND RELATED RIGHTS ON MUSICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Utkina M.S. , Holovach A.I.
Published: January 2021

The modern European mechanism of author’s relations was defined in the article by authors. It was determined the achievements of European legislation on the convergence of legal and digital realities. The article deals with copyright issues on the Internet. The current state of development of the domestic music industry plays an important economic role. This is due, first of all, to the fact that the given sphere can generate a large part of incomes. Musical works accompany us in our daily lives. In particular, in most places on the streets music can be heard. However, the issue arises as to the legality of the use of the institution of this musical work, in particular the issue of infringement of the rights of authors and performers of such copyright and related rights. The era of the digital single market has the potential to distribute and scale to any work: the artist records his work, and furthermore, his work gains an unlimited number of listenings to an unlimited number of users. It is quite understandable the desire of the authors and performers to earn income from the music, but minimizing the number of reproductions of their work. It is for this reason that the question of finding the optimal and effective means of the legal protection of a
work of music as an object of copyright and related rights is being updated, due to the need to align the national legal framework with the provisions of the legislation of the countries of the European Union. The object of the study is public relations, regarding the legal regulation of the protection and protection of a musical work as an object of copyright and related rights. The subject of the research is the legal norms of Ukraine and foreign countries, devoted to the problems of legal regulation of the protection and protection of a musical work as an object of copyright rights and related rights.
Keywords: copyright and related rights, music, copyright, royalties.
HISTORICAL STAGES OF CREATION AND LEGAL DESIGN OF AUTHORITIES OF THE STATE CONCERN “UKROBORONPROM”
Authors: Yarusevуch A.S.
Published: January 2021

The article looks at historical aspects of the approval of the sovereign Concern “Ukroboronprom”. It is signaled that the analysis of the normative legal acts have been analyzed, as well as the regulation of the power of the sovereign state registry office. The process of approval of the Sovereign Concern Ukroboronprom has been established in the process of constitutional reform of 2010. It is marked the upcoming stage of approval of the Concern: 1) an established stage; 2) this is the form of the warehouse of the participants; 3) the stage of legislative establishment is more important. I look at the period from 2010 the system of central authorities of the Wikipedia authorities until the adoption of Decree of the President of Ukraine dated 12.28.2010 No. 1245/2010 “On entering the effective efficiency of the military-industrial complex of Ukraine, we will establish a that is the creation of the sovereign Concern “Ukroboronprom”. By adopting the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, Decree No. 1221 of December 29, 10, “On the Establishment of the Sovereign Concern“ Ukroboronprom ”,
marked the beginning of this form in the warehouse of the Concern by the participating companies. Period, adopting the Law of Ukraine on June 16, 2011, No. 3531-VI and the Statute of the DC “Ukroboronprom”, which, by way of law, has completed the form for the Concern as a state-owned subdivision of state-owned state-owned property complex in the system of governance of the sovereign authority and the legal field of the state. Golovnameta, the yak was rehearsed by the state at the Ukroboronprom cultural center, put in the united center for the entire defense-industrial complex of
Ukraine. The process of approval of the sovereign Concern “Ukroboronprom” was established, without being transferred to documents of the defense plan and reform of the defense-industrial complex, the latest strategic strategies, and concepts. It is marked that, thanks to such reforms, the powers of the defense of the Galois industry, the z-code of the centralized administration of the state authorities was introduced.
Keywords: Ukroboronprom, concern, defense-industrial complex, state control, national security and defense, state defense level.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE ENSURING OF CHILD RIGHTS
Authors: Veselov N. Yu.
Published: January 2021

Problem setting. Legal regulation is an integral component of the administrative and legal mechanism for ensuring the functioning of juvenile justice, through which the state regulates relevant social relations through law and the totality of legal means. Recent research and publications analysis. The following Ukrainian scientists tried to conceptually solve these issues: Ya. Kvitka, V. Levchenko, O. Maksimenko, N. Lesko, I. Ishchenko, O. Navrotsky. Paper objective. The purpose of the study is to obtain scientific and applied results on the presentation of options for legislative support of juvenile justice in other countries and to formulate proposals for improving the administrative and legal regulation of juvenile justice in Ukraine. Paper main body. The analysis of the legislation of other countries indicates that there are several conditional models of legal regulation of the peculiarities of ensuring the rights of the child in the exercise of juvenile justice. This division is based on the following criteria, such as the existence of a law in the country that establishes the general principles of the judicial and extrajudicial, administrative and legal protection of children’s rights; the existence of a separate law on juvenile justice, which codifies all the rules of law that determine the peculiarities of criminal proceedings against children; the existence of a separate law on juvenile justice, but which establishes the general principles of the operation of juvenile justice, public administration in this area, prevention of offenses, etc. Conclusions of the research. The expediency of adopting the Law on Juvenile Justice in Ukraine, which, in its content, will mainly be an act of administrative and legal nature, the Law «On Ensuring the Rights of the Child in Ukraine», the Law «On the Ombudsman of Ukraine» is substantiated.
Keywords: child, minor, legal regulation, administrative law, juvenile justice, justice.
Aproximación al problema de Dios en Zubiri
Authors: Villa Sánchez José Alfonso
Published: January 2021

Bajo la hipótesis de que la realidad humana y la realidad divina conforman una estructura circular, este estudio recorre algunos de los hitos de la filosofía primera de Xavier Zubiri para mostrar que, efectivamente, el hombre en tanto realidad humana, constitutivamente religada al poder de lo real como su fundamento último y posibilitante, tiene una dimensión teologal, no teológica, en la que se ofrece con claridad y evidencia que Dios es un problema para el hombre, es decir, que este está lanzado inexorablemente, en su propia vida, hacia ese problema y que el decurso de esa vida es, en realidad, la resolución de ese problema.
Unidade cordial da pessoa humana e da comunidade: o símbolo do coração nos escritos e na recepção artística de Agostinho de Hipona
Authors: Ribero lin Davi Chan , Dupont Anthony
Published: January 2021

Este artigo irá examinar a concepção de Agostinho de Hipona (354-430) sobre o coração humano, visto que, ocupando o lugar de um cardiologista, Agostinho prescreve um tratamento terapêutico intensivo. Serão considerados três movimentos essenciais do cor agostiniano. Primeiramente, Agostinho propõe uma busca pelo coração, a câmara secreta, o centro vital interior que necessita ser reencontrado. Uma vez localizado o coração, somos levados a um segundo movimento: o retorno ao coração. Depois de diagnosticar sua própria doença cardíaca, um coração vazio, Agostinho propõe uma terapia, a volta ao coração no encontro com um terapeuta divino, o Cristo; e um remédio potente, o esmagamento do coração. Terceiro, ascende-se com seu coração: o coração se eleva ao alto, sursum cor. Um coração saudável é um coração ascendente, com o amor como seu marca-passo. Retornar ao coração significa, portanto, voltar ao núcleo de uma autêntica existência, no chamado para não se fechar em si mesmo, para ascender em uma abertura de amor a uma alteridade, Deus e ao próximo. Como epílogo, iremos explorar de forma concisa dois contextos relacionados, nos quais Agostinho utiliza a imagem do coração: vida comunitária e espiritualidade.
State debt assessment and forecasting: time series analysis
Authors: Zhuravka Fedir , Filatova Hanna , Šuleř Petr , Wołowiec Tomasz
Published: January 2021

One of the pressing problems in the modern development of the world financial system is an excessive increase in state debt, which has many negative consequences for the financial system of any country. At the same time, special attention should be paid to developing an effective state debt management system based on its forecast values. The paper is aimed at determining the level of persistence and forecasting future values of state debt in the short term using time series analysis, i.e., an ARIMA model. The study covers the time series of Ukraine’s state debt data for the period from December 2004 to November 2020. A visual analysis of the dynamics of state debt led to the conclusion about the unstable debt situation in Ukraine and a significant increase in debt over the past six years. Using the Hurst exponent, the paper provides the calculated value of the level of persistence in time series data. Based on the obtained indicator, a conclusion was made on the confirmation of expediency to use autoregressive models for predicting future dynamics of Ukraine’s state debt. Using the EViews software, the procedure for forecasting Ukraine’s state debt by utilizing the ARIMA model was illustrated, i.e., the series was tested for stationarity, the time series of monthly state debt data were converted to stationary, the model parameters were determined and, as a result, the most optimal specification of the ARIMA model was selected.
Matematik Öğrenme Güçlüğü Yaşayan Öğrencilere Yönelik Öğretimsel Müdahalelerin Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarılarına Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: FİLİZ Tunahan
Published: January 2021

Giriş: Matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler bilişsel anlamda hiç öğrenememekten ziyade yavaş ve farklı öğrenen öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin bireysel farklılıkları nedeniyle bu öğrencileri desteklemek amacıyla öğretimsel müdahaleler geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler için oluşturulan öğretimsel müdahalelerin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına etkisini inceleyen farklı türden birincil çalışmaları sentezleyerek, güncel ve ayrıntılı bir analiz çalışması yapmaktır.Yöntem: Matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler için oluşturulan öğretimsel müdahalelerin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına etkisinin incelendiği farklı türden birincil çalışmalar meta analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmalara ait etki büyüklük değerleri, heterojenlik testi, yayın yanlılığı ve ara değişken analizlerine ilişkin bilgiler, CMA (Comprehensive Meta Analysis) istatistik programı kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır.Bulgular: Yapılan meta analiz çalışmasıyla matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler için hazırlanan müdahale programlarının öğrencilerin akademik başarı seviyelerinde geniş bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir (Hedge g = 0.764, %95 CI = 0.494 - 1.033). Ayrıca yapılan ara değişken analizlerinde etki büyüklük değerlerinin çalışma değişkenlerinden müdahale türü ve tanılama ölçütlerine göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı; öğrenme alanına, uygulama süresi ve öğretim düzeyine göre ise bir anlamlılık ifade etmediği belirlenmiştir.Tartışma: Araştırmaya dâhil edilen çalışmalardan elde edilen genel etki büyüklüğü (0.764), öğretimsel müdahalelerin matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin matematik performansı üzerinde genel anlamda olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Matematik öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin desteklenmesi amacıyla farklı öğretimsel müdahalelerin geliştirildiği görülmektedir. Geliştirilen öğretimsel müdahaleler, öğrencilere matematik öğretim sürecinde destek olmakla beraber matematik öğrenme güçlüğü üzerine farkındalık oluşturmaya devam etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, daha fazla öğretimsel müdahale çalışmasına ihtiyaç olduğu ifade edilebilir.