bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elemental analysis of vertebrae discerns diadromous movements of threatened non‐marine elasmobranchs
Authors: Grant Michael I. , Kyne Peter M. , James Julie , Hu Yi , Mukherji Sushmita , Amepou Yolarnie , Baje Leontine , Chin Andrew , Johnson Grant , Lee Tegan , Mahan Brandon , Wurster Christopher , White William T. , Simpfendorfer Colin A.
Published: August 2023

River sharks (Glyphis spp.) and some sawfishes (Pristidae) inhabit riverine environments, although their long‐term habitat use patterns are poorly known. We investigated the diadromous movements of the northern river shark (Glyphis garricki), speartooth shark (Glyphis glyphis), narrow sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata), and largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) using in situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) on vertebrae to recover elemental ratios over each individual's lifetime. We also measured elemental ratios for the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) and a range of inshore and offshore stenohaline marine species to assist in interpretation of results. Barium (Ba) was found to be an effective indicator of freshwater use, whereas lithium (Li) and strontium (Sr) were effective indicators of marine water use. The relationships between Ba and Li and Ba and Sr were negatively correlated, whereas the relationship between Li and Sr was positively correlated. Both river shark species had elemental signatures indicative of prolonged use of upper‐estuarine environments, whereas adults appear to mainly use lower‐estuarine environments rather than marine environments. Decreases in Li:Ba and Sr:Ba at the end of the prenatal growth zone of P. pristis samples indicated that parturition likely occurs in fresh water. There was limited evidence of prolonged riverine habitat use for A. cuspidata. The results of this study support elemental–environment relationships observed in teleost otoliths and indicate that in situ LA‐ICP‐MS elemental characterization is applicable to a wide range of elasmobranch species as a discriminator for use and movement across salinity gradients. A greater understanding of processes that lead to element incorporation in vertebrae, and relative concentrations in vertebrae with respect to the ambient environment, will improve the applicability of elemental analysis to understand movements across the life history of elasmobranchs into the future.
Work smart, not hard: How array tomography can help increase the ultrastructure data output
Authors: Kolotuev Irina
Published: August 2023

Transmission electron microscopy has been essential for understanding cell biology for over six decades. Volume electron microscopy tools, such as serial block face and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy acquisition, brought a new era to ultrastructure analysis. ‘Array Tomography’ (AT) refers to sequential image acquisition of resin‐embedded sample sections on a large support (coverslip, glass slide, silicon wafers) for immunolabelling with multiple fluorescent labels, occasionally combined with ultrastructure observation. Subsequently, the term was applied to generating and imaging a series of sections to acquire a 3D representation of a structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although this is a valuable application, the potential of AT is to facilitate many tasks that are difficult or even impossible to obtain by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Due to the straightforward nature and versatility of AT sample preparation and image acquisition, the technique can be applied practically to any biological sample for selected sections or volume electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, in addition to the benefits described here, AT is compatible with morphological analysis, multiplex immunolabelling, immune‐gold labelling, and correlative light and electron microscopy workflow applicable for single cells, tissue and small organisms. This versatility makes AT attractive not only for basic research but as a diagnostic tool with a simplified routine.
Decades of beauty: Achieving aesthetic goals throughout the lifespan
Authors: Cohen Joel L. , Goodman Greg J. , De Almeida Ada Trindade , Jones Derek , Carruthers Jean , Grimes Pearl E. , de Maio Maurício , Swift Arthur , Solish Nowell , Fagien Steven , Carruthers Alastair , Sangha Sara
Published: August 2023

Background

Several elements, including age, influence judgments of beauty and attractiveness. Aging is affected by intrinsic factors (e.g., genetics, race/ethnicity, anatomical variations) and extrinsic factors (e.g., lifestyle, environment).

Aims

To provide a general overview of minimally invasive injectable procedures for facial beautification and rejuvenation to meet the aesthetic goals of patients across their lifespan, organized by decade.

Methods

This case study review describes aesthetic considerations of females in their third to sixth decade of life (i.e., 20–60 years of age or beyond). Each case study reports the treatments, specifically botulinum toxin type A and soft tissue fillers, used to address aesthetic concerns.

Results

Signs of aging, as well as aesthetic goals and motivations, vary by age groups, cultures, and races/ethnicities. However, there are overarching themes that are associated with each decade of life, such as changes in overall facial shape and specific facial regions, which can be used as a starting point for aesthetic treatment planning. Appropriate patient selection, thorough aesthetic evaluation, product knowledge, and injection technique, as well as good physician‐patient communication, are essential for optimal treatment outcomes.

Conclusions

Nonsurgical facial injectable treatments can successfully enhance and rejuvenate facial features across different age ranges. A comprehensive understanding of facial aging and the aesthetic considerations of patients by the decade contributes to optimal treatment planning and maintenance.
How to improve infraorbital hollows with neuromodulators–A clinical prospective interventional study about the application of facial biomechanics
Authors: Germani Marcelo , Almeida Claudia C. M. S. , Munoz‐Lora Victor R. M. , Rogério Victor , Moelhoff Nicholas , Freytag David L. , Green Jeremy B. , Alfertshofer Michael , Davidovic Kristina , Cotofana Sebastian
Published: August 2023

Background

A previous injection algorithm termed the “Toxin Lift” was recently introduced and described volume increases in the midface following neuromodulator treatments of the jawline. Increase in midfacial volume due to soft tissue repositioning could also affect the severity of infraorbital hollows.

Objective

The objective is therefore to evaluate whether the severity of infraorbital hollows can be improved by injecting neuromodulators in the supra‐mandibular segment of the platysma.

Materials and Methods

A total of 35 volunteers (11 males/24 females) with a mean age of 39.8 (9.6) years and a mean BMI of 25.2 (5.2) kg/m2 were investigated. Bilateral infraorbital regions were evaluated via clinical assessment and semi‐quantitative 3D imaging. The applied injection technique targeted the platysma via four injection points administering 5 I.U. per injection point resulting in a total of 20 I.U. per facial side.

Results

Volume increase of the infraorbital region was 0.13 cc at 15 days (p = 0.001) and was 0.02 cc at 30 days (p = 0.452) whereas the skin displacement in cranial direction was 0.54 mm at 15 days (p < 0.001) and was 0.31 mm at 30 days (p < 0.001). Clinical evaluation revealed a highly statistically significant improvement of the tear trough, palpaebromalar groove, and of the lid‐cheek junction when compared to baseline with all p < 0.001.

Conclusion

The results of this clinical prospective interventional analysis revealed that the “Toxin Lift” injection technique is capable to improve the clinical appearance of infraorbital hollows. The effects can be explained by the concepts of facial biomechanics.
The relationships between sediment findings and culture results and the presence of proteinuria in canine urine samples
Authors: Fulton E. A. , Weir W. , Czopowicz M. , McBrearty A. R.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To assess relationships between urine sediment and microbial culture findings and the presence of proteinuria in canine urine samples, and to assess the change in the percentage of proteinuric samples and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio when urine abnormalities resolve.

Materials and Methods

Canine urine samples collected via cystocentesis and submitted for culture and contemporaneous urinalysis (including urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio) were retrospectively identified. Dogs receiving corticosteroids were excluded. Associations between haematuria (red blood cells>5/high‐power field), pyuria (white blood cells>5/high‐power field), presence of microorganisms on microscopy, active sediment, and positive culture and proteinuria (urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio>0.5) were investigated. Patient characteristics were considered possible confounders. In dogs with repeat urinalysis, the associations between active sediment and positive culture resolution on proteinuria and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio were assessed.

Results

One hundred and ninety‐two of 491 samples were proteinuric (39.1%). Age was positively associated with proteinuria. In the multivariable analysis corrected for age, active sediment was the only variable significantly associated with proteinuria (adjusted odds ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.44 to 3.11); however, only 49.8% of samples with active sediment were proteinuric. Neither resolution of active sediment nor positive culture were associated with reduced proportions of proteinuric samples (from 57.9% to 42.1% and from 40.0% to 25.0%, respectively) or significant reductions in urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (median change: −0.16 and −0.14, respectively).

Clinical Significance

Attributing proteinuria to urinalysis abnormalities or a positive urine culture in canine cystocentesis samples is not supported by our findings, and could result in alternative causes of proteinuria (e.g. renal proteinuria) being overlooked.
Fine‐scale variation in the effect of the cushion plantAzorella selagoon vascular plants, mosses, hepatics and lichens in the sub‐Antarctic
Authors: Buyens Isabelle Patricia Rita , Raath‐Krüger Morgan Jade , Haddad William A. , le Roux Peter Christiaan
Published: August 2023

Question

Plant–plant interactions can strongly influence community structure and composition. The outcome of these interactions can vary considerably across space and is often linked to environmental conditions, with, for example, a higher prevalence of facilitative interactions typically being observed under greater environmental severity. To date, most studies have documented shifts from competitive to facilitative (or neutral) plant–plant and plant–lichen interactions along gradients of increasing environmental severity from pairwise interspecific interactions. However, few studies have examined if the outcome of these interactions for different taxonomic groups is dependent on environmental conditions across multiple environmental stress gradients.

Location

Sub‐Antarctic Marion Island.

Methods

We examine community‐level variation in the response of four taxa (i.e., vascular plants, hepatics, mosses, and lichens) to an interaction with a long‐lived cushion plant species (Azorella selago) that ameliorates microenvironmental conditions, testing how the effect of the cushion plant on the taxa varies along multiple stress gradients at the scale of a landform.

Results

Contrary to expectations, even when considering multiple proximate predictor variables, fine‐scale spatial variation in the effect ofA. selagoon the taxa could not be explained. However, the outcome of the interaction withA. selagodiffered between taxonomic groups, with vascular plants benefitting and the non‐vascular taxa experiencing neutral or negative impacts.

Conclusions

This study highlights that the impacts of biotic interactions cannot always be generalized across plant groups, and that it is necessary to consider taxon‐specific responses when predicting community‐level impacts of biotic interactions. More generally, we demonstrate how complex spatial variation in environmental stressors can be explicitly considered when modelling variation in the outcome of plant–plant interactions.
Multiply‐translated Chaucer in the Korean classroom
Authors: Park Yea Jung
Published: August 2023

This paper introduces a teaching experiment that uses a set of local translations of a European medieval text—in this case, Korean translations of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales—as teaching texts in the Korean classroom alongside the original work. Students compare a range of translations dating from all periods of the 20th century, including one from as early as 1915 and others from the 1960s, 1980s, and 2000s. Tracking the variety of translation methods and different linguistic and artistic choices employed by these multiple translations allows even students unfamiliar with Middle English to gain a better sense of the particulars of Chaucer's language and character‐making. Treating translation itself as a creative mode, this paper argues that even bad translations and messy histories of linguistic interference can be put to productive pedagogical use. Recuperated local translation archives can be used in the teaching of Middle English literature by helping students understand Chaucer's own positionality as a translator and compiler. Such archives also contribute to the study of comparative literature more broadly as they present case studies of how ideas of world literature are formed over time and space, and encourage a critical engagement with the canon even as it is being taught.
Evolutionary dynamics of Euphorbia carniolica suggest a complex Plio–Pleistocene history of understorey species of deciduous forest in southeastern Europe
Authors: Kirschner Philipp , Záveská Eliška , Hülber Karl , Wessely Johannes , Willner Wolfgang , Schönswetter Peter , Frajman Božo
Published: August 2023

Deciduous forests form the dominant natural vegetation of Europe today, but were restricted to small refugia during Pleistocene cold stages, implying an evolutionary past shaped by recurrent range contractions and expansions. Cold‐stage forest refugia were probably widespread in southern and central Europe, with the northwestern Balkan Peninsula being of particular importance. However, the actual number and location of deciduous forest refugia, as well as the connections between them, remain disputed. Here, we address the evolutionary dynamics of the deciduous forest understorey species Euphorbia carniolica as a proxy for past forest dynamics. To do so, we obtained genomic and morphometric data from populations representing the species' entire range, investigated phylogenetic position and intraspecific genetic variation, tested explicit demographic scenarios and applied species distribution models. Our data support two disjoint groups linked to separate refugia on the northwestern and central Balkan Peninsula. We find that genetic differentiation between groups started in the early Pleistocene via vicariance, suggesting a larger distribution in the past. Both refugia acted as sources for founder events to the southeastern Alps and the Carpathians; the latter were likely colonised before the last cold stage. In line with traditional views on the pre‐Pleistocene origin of many southeastern European deciduous forest species, the origin of E. carniolica was dated to the late Pliocene. The fact that E. carniolica evolved at a time when a period of continuous forestation was ending in much of Eurasia provides an interesting biogeographical perspective on the past links between Eurasian deciduous forests and their biota.
Can demographic histories explain long‐term isolation and recent pulses of asymmetric gene flow between highly divergent grey fox lineages?
Authors: Preckler‐Quisquater Sophie , Kierepka Elizabeth M. , Reding Dawn M. , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Sacks Benjamin N.
Published: August 2023

Secondary contact zones between deeply divergent, yet interfertile, lineages provide windows into the speciation process. North American grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are divided into western and eastern lineages that diverged approximately 1 million years ago. These ancient lineages currently hybridize in a relatively narrow zone of contact in the southern Great Plains, a pattern more commonly observed in smaller‐bodied taxa, which suggests relatively recent contact after a long period of allopatry. Based on local ancestry inference with whole‐genome sequencing (n = 43), we identified two distinct Holocene pulses of admixture. The older pulse (500–3500 YBP) reflected unidirectional gene flow from east to west, whereas the more recent pulse (70–200 YBP) of admixture was bi‐directional. Augmented with genotyping‐by‐sequencing data from 216 additional foxes, demographic analyses indicated that the eastern lineage declined precipitously after divergence, remaining small throughout most of the late Pleistocene, and expanding only during the Holocene. Genetic diversity in the eastern lineage was highest in the southeast and lowest near the contact zone, consistent with a westward expansion. Concordantly, distribution modelling indicated that during their isolation, the most suitable habitat occurred far east of today's contact zone or west of the Great Plains. Thus, long‐term isolation was likely caused by the small, distant location of the eastern refugium, with recent contact reflecting a large increase in suitable habitat and corresponding demographic expansion from the eastern refugium. Ultimately, long‐term isolation in grey foxes may reflect their specialized bio‐climatic niche. This system presents an opportunity for future investigation of potential pre‐ and post‐zygotic isolating mechanisms.
Synthetic‐to‐realistic domain adaptation for cold‐start of rail inspection systems
Authors: Huang Qilong , Wang Jianzhu , Song Yixiao , Cui Wenkai , Li Hailang , Wang Shengchun , Dai Peng , Zhao Xinxin , Li Qingyong
Published: August 2023

Rail surface defects are potential danger factors for railway systems, and visual inspection of surface defects plays a vital role in rail maintenance. Recently, the methods based on deep learning have been widely used in rail inspection systems, but such systems often face the problem of a lack of defect samples for training deep learning models at start‐up, which is called the cold‐start problem. It is challenging to obtain sufficient defect samples since defects are sparse and even non‐existent for a running railway system. Therefore, a synthetic‐to‐realistic domain adaptation (SRDA) method is proposed for real‐world rail inspection. SRDA adapts synthetic images to look more realistic for reducing the domain gap between synthetic images and realistic rail surface images and obtains translated images that consist of synthetic defect information and realistic rail background. After that, the translated images are used to train a detector for rail inspection of rail surface defects. In order to make the detector more robust to complex backgrounds, SRDA generates images with the same defect‐level semantics but with different texture appearances and makes the detector align these images in the learned feature space. In addition, the synthetic and realistic rail surface defects (SRRSD) dataset containing 20,662 images is built. The experimental results on SRRSD show that SRDA achieves higher detection performance than other established domain adaption methods with 19.0% for and 26.7% for average precision.
Genetic variants associated with weight loss and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: van der Meer Rieneke , Mohamed Siham A. , Monpellier Valerie M. , Liem Ronald S. L. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Franks Paul W. , Frayling Timothy M. , Janssen Ignace M. C. , Serlie Mireille J.
Published: August 2023

The extent to which genetic variations contribute to interindividual differences in weight loss and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery is unknown. Identifying genetic variants that impact surgery outcomes may contribute to clinical decision making. This review evaluates current evidence addressing the association of genetic variants with weight loss and changes in metabolic parameters after bariatric surgery. A search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Fifty‐two eligible studies were identified. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ADIPOQ (rs226729, rs1501299, rs3774261, and rs17300539) showed a positive association with postoperative change in measures of glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles (n = 4), but not with weight loss after surgery (n = 6). SNPs at FTO (rs11075986, rs16952482, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs9930506, and rs16945088) (n = 10) and MC4R (rs11152213, rs476828, rs2229616, rs9947255, rs17773430, rs5282087, and rs17782313) (n = 9) were inconsistently associated with weight loss and metabolic improvement. Four studies examining the UCP2 SNP rs660339 reported associations with postsurgical weight loss. In summary, there is limited evidence supporting a role for specific genetic variants in surgical outcomes after bariatric surgery. Most studies have adopted a candidate gene approach, limiting the scope for discovery, suggesting that the absence of compelling evidence is not evidence of absence.
Attitude of Italian dental practitioners toward bruxism assessment and management: A survey‐based study
Authors: Cannatà Davide , Giordano Francesco , Bartolucci Maria Lavinia , Galdi Marzio , Bucci Rosaria , Martina Stefano
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Bruxism is a spectrum of masticatory muscles activities. According to the recent evidence and international consensus, there is no indication to treat bruxism unless clinical consequences are present. The aim of the present study was to investigate the approach of Italian dentists to bruxism in their clinical practice.

Methods

An anonymous online survey was developed, composed by 26 items grouped into five sections: (1) Characteristics of the respondent (Q1–Q6); (2) Bruxism frequencies (Q7–Q11); (3) Bruxism assessment (Q12–Q15); (4) Bruxism management (Q16–Q20); (5) Occlusal splints therapy (Q21–Q26).

Results

A total of 384 practitioners, including specialists and non‐specialists, participated in this survey. The majority of the respondents reported that 1–3 out of ten patients presented with bruxism. The diagnosis is mainly performed with non‐instrumental methods, and facial pain and dental wear are the major clinical consequence associated with bruxism. Almost the entire sample of respondents report to offer occlusal splints to bruxism patients, and 41% refer to perform occlusal adjustments. Almost half of the respondents have never proposed any form of cognitive‐behavioural therapy.

Conclusion

The results of the current survey highlighted several inconsistencies in Italian dentists' approaches to bruxism, suggesting the need for better education of practitioners and for the development of a standardized protocol to assess and manage bruxism in dental practices.
An insertion of transposon in DcNAP inverted its function in the ethylene pathway to delay petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Authors: Sun Zheng , Wu Manman , Wang Siqi , Feng Shan , Wang Yan , Wang Teng , Zhu Chunlin , Jiang Xinyu , Wang Hongya , Wang Ruiming , Yuan Xinyi , Wang Menglu , Zhong Linlin , Cheng Yunjiang , Bao Manzhu , Zhang Fan
Published: August 2023

Petal senescence is the final stage of flower development. Transcriptional regulation plays key roles in this process. However, whether and how post‐transcriptional regulation involved is still largely unknown. Here, we identified an ethylene‐induced NAC family transcription factor DcNAP in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). One allele, DcNAP‐dTdic1, has an insertion of a dTdic1 transposon in its second exon. The dTdic1 transposon disrupts the structure of DcNAP and causes alternative splicing, which transcribes multiple domain‐deleted variants (DcNAP2 and others). Conversely, the wild type allele DcNAP transcribes DcNAP1 encoding an intact NAC domain. Silencing DcNAP1 delays and overexpressing DcNAP1 accelerates petal senescence in carnation, while silencing and overexpressing DcNAP2 have the opposite effects, respectively. Further, DcNAP2 could interact with DcNAP1 and interfere the binding and activation activity of DcNAP1 to the promoters of its downstream target ethylene biosynthesis genes DcACS1 and DcACO1. Lastly, ethylene signalling core transcriptional factor DcEIL3‐1 can activate the expression of DcNAP1 and DcNAP2 in the same way by binding their promoters. In summary, we discovered a novel mechanism by which DcNAP regulates carnation petal senescence at the post‐transcriptional level. It may also provide a useful strategy to manipulate the NAC domains of NAC transcription factors for crop genetic improvement.
Postmeiotic irregular anther1 (PIA1) is required for anther cuticle and pollen exine development in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Yu‐jie Lian , Hua‐yue Sun , Han Lu , Xu‐dong Cao , Yao‐qing Guo , Hui Chen , Rui Ren , Xiao‐yang Chen , Ji‐hua Tang
Published: August 2023

Male sterile lines are valuable germplasm resources for hybrid seed production in maize (Zea mays L.). The structures of the anther cuticle and pollen exine are associated with male sterility. We obtained a completely male sterile mutant (postmeiotic irregular anther1, pia1), which has closed glumes and relatively small and wilted anthers (compared with the wild‐type control). Cytological analysis revealed the normal meiosis and premature tapetal degradation in pia1. Additionally, formation of the pia1 anther cuticle and Ubisch bodies was abnormal, and the pollen exine was discontinuous. Genetic analysis showed that the pia1 mutant was the result of a single recessive mutation of a nuclear gene. On the basis of fine mapping, PIA1 was mapped between the W07051 and W07124 molecular markers on chromosome 1. This region does not contain known genes associated with male sterility. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated genes implicated in transmembrane transport, amino acid transmembrane transport, amino acid transport, and carboxylic acid transmembrane transport are differentially expressed in pia1 mutant anthers. The study findings suggest PIA1 is a novel regulator of anther cuticle and pollen exine development.
Interrelated psychological predictors of mate preferences among Iranian male and female emerging adults
Authors: Shahi Hassan , Hall Scott S. , Mogilski Justin , Amraei Kourosh , de Vries Reinout E. , Ghasemi Azin , Azizi Zahra , Boehnke Klaus
Published: August 2023

Various psychological predictors of mate preference have been identified in prior research that when accounted for simultaneously could reveal the unique contributions of each. This study aimed to explore the extent to which perceived attractiveness, personality characteristics, and attachment styles are associated with young Iranian adults' mate preferences, attending to group differences based on biological sex. A total of 644 Iranian young adults completed a questionnaire that included items related to one's perceived intelligence and physical attractiveness, HEXACO personality traits, and KASER mate preferences (kindness/dependability, attractiveness/sexuality, status/resources, education/intelligence, and religiosity/chastity). Several differences based on biological sex were apparent in the personality, attachment, and mate preferences measures, as well as with their intercorrelations. Analyses using multiple linear regression indicated that each of the KASER variables had some unique combinations of the three types of psychological characteristics, and some variance by biological sex. For example, kindness/dependability was predicted for males by the two perceived attractiveness variables and by two personality variables (emotionality and conscientiousness), but only by the agreeableness personality trait for females. Attachment styles were only relevant for education/intelligence and religiosity/chastity, with little evidence of sex‐based differences.
Highlights from the 12th congress of the international pediatric transplant association, Austin, Texas 2023
Authors: Chinnakotla Srinath , Esquivel Carlos , Twombley Katherine , Posfay‐Barbe Klara , Krams Sheri M.
Published: August 2023

The 12th Congress of the (IPTA) event in Austin, Texas, had over 400 attendees from 40 countries. The attendees included a diverse mix of pediatric transplant professionals from several specialties including physicians, surgeons, scientists, nurses, organ procurement personnel, advance transplant providers, pharmacists, administrators, fellows, residents, and students. The 4‐day event featured nearly 200 abstracts, 90 oral presentations, 24 mini oral presentations, and more than 80 poster presentations. All of these presentations encouraged vibrant discussions and supported the exchange of new clinical and basic science information regarding clinical care management, basic science research, socioeconomic, and ethical and organ donation issues relevant to pediatric transplantation. We briefly describe here the highest scored presented abstracts at IPTA 2023 that are divided into two categories: clinical and basic sciences.
Sleep and childhood maltreatment: A matched‐control study of sleep characteristics in Norwegian 16–19‐year‐olds
Authors: Schønning Viktor , Hysing Mari , Dovran Anders , Nilsen Sondre A. , Hafstad Gertrud S. , Vedaa Øystein , Sivertsen Børge
Published: August 2023

Sleep problems are an important but understudied health problem in adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment. The current study aimed to examine sleep characteristics and insomnia in a population with maltreatment history and compare them to a general population sample of adolescents. Data from a sample of Norwegian 16–19‐year‐old adolescents with childhood maltreatment experiences (n = 62) were linked to an age‐ and sex‐matched general population sample (n = 238). Independent samples t tests were used to compare the two groups on several detailed sleep parameters, while general linear models were used to control for mental health problems, assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Mental health was examined as a potential mediator between childhood maltreatment and sleep characteristics. Adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment had longer sleep onset latency (1:15 h vs. 47 min, p < 0.001), longer wake after sleep onset (34 min vs. 15 min, p < 0.003), lower sleep efficiency in weekdays (77.8%, vs. 85%, p < 0.007), and lower sleep efficiency in weekends (81.8% vs. 88.9%, p < 0.001) than the reference group. Mental health problems fully mediated the association between childhood maltreatment exposure and longer sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. The rate of insomnia did not significantly differ between the groups. This study suggests that older adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment have more sleep problems than the general adolescent population, and that these problems may be explained by co‐existing mental health problems. These findings highlight the potential utility of assessing and providing sleep‐focused treatment to adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment and mental health problems.
What about synesthesia? A phenomenological analysis of a perceptual phenomenon
Authors: Rodemeyer Lanei
Published: August 2023

Synesthesia is occasionally offered as a challenge to Husserl's claims that the sense fields are necessarily distinct. This article demonstrates how synesthesia can be approached through phenomenology. We begin with a review of synesthesia and a brief discussion of how a phenomenological analysis of synesthesia could be productive both for those who experience synesthesia and for phenomenologists. We then shift to analyses of synesthesia through Husserl's notions of association and affectivity, and in light of intersubjective communication. While synesthesia might lead us to think that our individual experiences are unbridgeable, we will find instead that such autonomous experiences are relational and, further, that our different—even incommensurable—experiences are necessarily part of a shared lifeworld.
Training characteristics and performance of two male elite short‐distance triathletes: From junior to “world‐class”
Authors: Cejuela Roberto , Selles‐Perez Sergio
Published: August 2023

Objective

The sports‐science literature lacks data on training and performance characteristics of international elite athletes over multiple seasons. The present case study provided general training characteristics and performance data of two male short‐distance triathletes in the Junior, U23, and international Elite categories.

Methods

General training and performance data of two male elite triathletes were described in swimming, cycling, and running segments from the 2015 to 2022 season. The training load was presented using the ECO model while the training intensity distribution (TID) was a triphasic model.

Results

Both triathletes increased their performance throughout the seasons. Triathlete A increased his VO2max in cycling by 20.6%, in running by 16.7%. His power at VO2max and his speed at VO2max by 18.9% and 11.0%, respectively. Triathlete B improved his VO2max by 17.8% in cycling, by 16.1% in running and his power at VO2max by 24%, and his speed at VO2max by 14.3%. The triathletes trained on average 14–17 h a week. The TID model was polarized.

Conclusions

To achieve the top international level, it is necessary to consider the following measures: training load progression; improvements in physiological variables; and participation in international events starting from youth categories.
Acute effect of physical activity on academic outcomes in school‐aged youth: A systematic review and multivariate meta‐analysis
Authors: Muntaner‐Mas Adrià , Morales Javier S. , Martínez‐de‐Quel Óscar , Lubans David R. , García‐Hermoso Antonio
Published: August 2023

Background

There has been an increase in the number of studies examining the effect of acute and chronic physical activity on academic outcomes in children and adolescents in the last two decades. We aimed to systematically determine the acute effects of physical activity on academic outcomes in school‐aged youth and to examine possible moderators.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases (from inception to 11th January 2023) for studies assessing the acute effects of physical activity on academic performance‐related outcomes in school‐aged youth. A univariate and multivariate meta‐analysis was conducted based on a random‐effects model with restricted maximum likelihood used to pool the academic outcomes results (Hedge's g).

Results

We included 11 articles (803 children and adolescents [range: 6–16 years]) in the systematic review. Overall, acute physical activity increased academic outcomes (Hedge's g = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.20–0.50). Multivariate meta‐analyses revealed that physical activity increased academic performance in mathematics (Hedge's g = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.16–0.42) and language (Hedge's g = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.47). Only behavior change techniques (Hedge's g = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.18–0.90, p < 0.001) played a significant role in this relationship.

Conclusions

A single bout of physical activity can improve academic outcomes in school‐aged youth, which may serve as a complementary tool for the educational field. However, the observed heterogeneity in the results indicates that we should interpret the findings obtained with caution.
Toward a DuBoisian theorization of school curricula
Authors: Cadena Roger Sargent
Published: August 2023

After a near century of mainstream academic exclusion, recent efforts in sociology have centered Du Bois as a foundational figure. However, these efforts have overlooked his contributions to theorizing K‐12 and college/university formal curricula. Moreover, curricula, teaching, and learning scholarship, already marginalized within mainstream sociology of education, have typically overlooked Du Bois’ theorizations, thus reproducing his marginalization. As a correction, this article centers Du Bois as a key figure in critical curricula theory. Specifically, Du Bois theorized that schools institutionalize formal curricula imbued with race‐class ideologies and that said ideologies shape peoples’ subjectivities, identities, and consciousness of social processes. However, Du Bois also theorized how Black schools can serve as meso‐level sites for challenging hegemonic ideologies and producing transformative ideologies. In articulating these processes, Du Bois identifies how ideological propaganda, organizational structures, and interpretations of temporal processes maintain and perpetuate racism and capitalism. This article concludes with suggestions for future research in educational sociology that incorporates these insights.
Soil biological indicators associated with nitrogen mineralization patterns in rice soils under long‐term integrated nutrient management
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Shambhavi Shweta , Das Anupam , Yasmeen Shagufta , Ganguly Pritam , Kumar Sanjay , Rakshit Rajiv
Published: August 2023

In long‐term integrated nutrient management (INM) involving organic amendments with inorganic fertilizer application, understanding nitrogen (N) mineralization is key to assessing soil functioning. In this study, soil samples were collected following rice cropping from treatments consisting of various combinations of inorganic with organic fertilizers, including farm yard manure, wheat straw or Green Leaf Manuring, as well as 100% inorganic and a control (no fertilizer). The soil samples were incubated for 120 days at 30°C for determining N mineralization potential, and the mineralization patterns were fitted to double first‐order kinetic models to separate the potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) into readily available N (PMN‐I) and resistant N (PMN‐II) fractions. The half‐lives of PMN‐I and PMN‐II ranged from 1.2 to 3.3 days and 22.4 to 63.0 days, respectively. In the organically amended soils, we observed that microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) increased by 43% and 41%, respectively, compared to inorganic fertilizer application alone. Moreover, the soil enzyme activity increased, revealing enhanced biological activity (dehydrogenase—31.96 μg TPF, Urease—35.69 μg urea‐N, glucosidase—57.78 μg p‐nitrophenol, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis—45.84 μg fluorescein, N‐acetyl β‐glucosaminidase—46.47 μg p‐nitrophenol released g−1 dry soil h−1). We determined that PMN‐I was affected by the soil urease activity; whereas, PMN‐II was regulated by soil organic carbon, MBC, MBN, dehydrogenase activity and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysing capacity. These findings elucidate the soil biological indicators associated with nitrogen (N) mineralization, which can help optimize INM practice.
Characterization of 43 novel HLA‐H alleles
Authors: Alizadeh Mehdi , Frassati Coralie , Walencik Alexandre , Picard Christophe , Pedini Pascal
Published: August 2023

Forty‐three novel HLA‐H alleles, including 32 identified in cohorts of French donors for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, have been characterized by Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS) using a long range PCR approach. A phylogenetic study confirms three main HLA‐H clades.
A brief intervention decreases student distress
Authors: Shearin Staci Macklin , Wang Jijia , Reisch Joan , Brewer‐Mixon Karen
Published: August 2023

Purpose of the Article

Health professions graduate students have experienced substantial increases in stress and anxiety in recent years. This can result in decreased academic performance, poor retention, and burnout. Interventions to help students cope are therefore a critical need for academic institutions. The current study sought to demonstrate the effectiveness of a brief multimodal intervention in reducing student distress.

Method

The study was a randomised controlled design that evaluated a brief intervention of cognitive‐behavioural therapy, mindfulness, and healthy lifestyle choices. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 was administered to participants at baseline and two post‐intervention time points. Control participants did not participate in any intervention. Participants were recruited from graduate students in first‐year classes within the School of Health Professions at UT Southwestern Medical Center.

Results

Analysis revealed an overall mild to moderate decline in Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 total scores over three assessment periods for both treatment and control groups, with no statistical differences noted between groups; however, the treatment group's scores declined approximately 6 weeks before the control participants' scores declined.

Conclusion

The pattern of change in the two groups suggests that our intervention facilitated the reduction in student anxiety more quickly than would have occurred normally and with sustained results.
Modelling underground cadastral survey data in CityGML
Authors: Saeidian Bahram , Rajabifard Abbas , Atazadeh Behnam , Kalantari Mohsen
Published: August 2023

In underground environments, survey elements such as survey points and observations provide the information required to define legal boundaries. These elements are also used to connect underground legal spaces to a geodetic survey network. Due to the issues of current 2D approaches for managing underground cadastral data, prominent 3D data models have been extended to support underground land administration. However, previous studies mostly focused on defining underground legal spaces and boundaries, with less emphasis on survey elements. This research aims to extend CityGML to support underground cadastral survey data. The proposed extension is based on the survey elements elicited from underground cadastral plans, which is then implemented for an underground case study area in Melbourne, Australia. This extension integrates underground survey data with legal and physical data in a 3D digital environment and provides an improved representation of survey elements, facilitating the management and communication of underground cadastral survey data.
FANCM interacts with the MHF1‐MHF2 complex to limit crossover frequency during rice meiosis
Authors: Li Yafei , Zhou Yue , Wang Bingxin , Mu Na , Miao Yongjie , Tang Ding , Shen Yi , Cheng Zhukuan
Published: August 2023

Crossovers (COs) are necessary for generating genetic diversity that breeders can select, but there are conserved mechanisms that regulate their frequency and distribution. Increasing CO frequency may raise the efficiency of selection by increasing the chance of integrating more desirable traits. In this study, we characterize rice FANCM and explore its functions in meiotic CO control. FANCM mutations do not affect fertility in rice, but they cause a great boost in the overall frequency of COs in both inbred and hybrid rice, according to genetic analysis of the complete set of fancm zmm (hei10, ptd, shoc1, mer3, zip4, msh4, msh5, and heip1) mutants. Although the early homologous recombination events proceed normally in fancm, the meiotic extra COs are not marked with HEI10 and require MUS81 resolvase for resolution. FANCM depends on PAIR1, COM1, DMC1, and HUS1 to perform its functions. Simultaneous disruption of FANCM and MEICA1 synergistically increases CO frequency, but it is accompanied by nonhomologous chromosome associations and fragmentations. FANCM interacts with the MHF complex, and ablation of rice MHF1 or MHF2 could restore the formation of 12 bivalents in the absence of the ZMM gene ZIP4. Our data indicate that unleashing meiotic COs by mutating any member of the FANCM–MHF complex could be an effective procedure to accelerate the efficiency of rice breeding.
Cohomology of cluster varieties II: Acyclic case
Authors: Lam Thomas , Speyer David E
Published: August 2023

In the previous work, we initiated the study of the cohomology of locally acyclic cluster varieties. In the present work, we show that the mixed Hodge structure and point counts of acyclic cluster varieties are essentially determined by the combinatorics of the independent sets of the quiver. We use this to show that the mixed Hodge numbers of acyclic cluster varieties of really full rank satisfy a strong vanishing condition.
Handgrip exercise does not alter CO2‐mediated cerebrovascular flow‐mediated dilation
Authors: Saito Shotaro , Watanabe Hironori , Iwamoto Erika , Ogoh Shigehiko
Published: August 2023

Handgrip exercise (HG), a small muscle exercise, improves cognitive function and is expected to provide a useful exercise mode to maintain cerebral health. However, the effect of HG on cerebral blood flow regulation is not fully understood. The present study aimed to examine the effect of acute HG on cerebral endothelial function as one of the essential cerebral blood flow regulatory functions. Thirteen healthy young participants performed interval HG, consisting of 4 sets of 2 min HG at 25% of maximum voluntary contraction with 3 min recovery between each set. Cognitive performance was evaluated before and at 5 and 60 min after interval HG using the Go/No‐Go task (reaction time and accuracy). The diameter and blood velocity of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were measured using a duplex Doppler ultrasound system. To assess cerebral endothelial function, hypercapnia (30 s of hypercapnia stimulation, end‐tidal partial pressure of CO2: +9 mmHg)‐induced cerebrovascular flow‐mediated dilatation (cFMD) was induced, calculated as relative peak dilatation from baseline diameter. The shear rate (SR) was calculated using the diameter and blood velocity of the ICA. As a result, cognitive performance improved only at 5 min after interval HG (reaction time, P = 0.008; accuracy, P = 0.186), whereas ICA SR during interval HG and cFMD after interval HG were unchanged (P = 0.313 and P = 0.440, respectively). These results suggest that enhancement in cerebral endothelial function is not an essential mechanism responsible for acute HG‐induced cognitive improvement.