bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN PRODUK MEUBEL BERDASARKAN PRODUK UNGGULAN
Authors: Fitriani Fifin , Darmansah Darmansah
Published: February 2021

Tarom Meubel merupakan salah satu kegiatan usahan di Kecamatan Sintang yang bergerak
pada sektor produksi produk Meubel perabot rumah tangga dan pintu, jendela serta kusen. Dalam upaya
meningkatkan penjualannya di Kabupaten Sintang khususnya dan Kalimantan Barat pada umumnya,
Tarom Meubel lebih memfokuskan diri pada pemasaran produk meubel yang bersifat unggulan yaitu
memproduksi produk yang banyak diminati oleh konsumen tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengetahui “Upaya Peningkata Penjualan Produk MeubelBerdasarkan Berdasarkan Produk Unggulan
pada Tarom Meubel Kecamatan Sintang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif.
Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dengan menggunakan wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan observasi..
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tarom Meubel melakukan analisa pasar dalam upaya mencari produk
meubel yang tepat sesuai dengan selera konsumen untuk diproduksi sehingga dapat dijadikan produk
unggulan Tarom Meubel dalam meningkatkan penjualan. Selain itu dalam meningkatkan penjualannya
Tarom Meubel juga melakukan klasifikasai produk dengan tujuan mempermudah konsumen didalam
menentukan pilihan produk yang diinginkannya baik dari aspek tipe, jenis material maupun tingkat harga
sesuai dengan kemampuan pendapatan konsumen/pelanggan, Segmentasi pasar yakni menjadikan pasar
sasarannya khusus pada konsumen tradisional yang menyukai produk meubel buatan lokal dan dari bahan
material dari daerah seperti dari bahan kayu serta tipe produk yang relatif hampir sama. Kesimpulan hasil
penelitian yakni dengan adanya Analisis pasar, Klasifikasi Produk serta Segmentasi pasar Tarom Meubel
Kecamatan Sintang telah berhasil meningkatkan penjualannya setiap tahun hingga tahun 2017.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KARTU TANDA PENDUDUK ELEKTRONIK (E-KTP)
Authors: - Hisnindar , Zainudin Abang
Published: February 2021

Pemerintah Kecamatan dan Desa/Kelurahan memegang peranan yang sangat trategis dalam
mensukseskan Implementasi Kebijakan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (E-KTP). Dalam Implementasi
Kebijakan E-KTP di Desa Jongkong Kiri Hilir Kecamatan Jongkong Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu dilakuakan
melalui dua tahapan yaitu tahapan sosialisasi kebijakan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan. Sosilisasi kebijakan EKTP
di Desa Jongkong Kiri Hilir dilakukan secara tidak terstruktur dan terjadwal yang dilaksakan oleh
Pihak Dinas Catatan Sipil dan Kependudukan Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Pemerintah Kecamatan Jongkong
dan Pemerintahan Desa Jongkong Kiri Hilir. Bentuk sosialisasi adalah secara lisan yang disampaikan
dalam rapat atau pertemuan di Desa dan pemberitahuan di tempat ibadah. Dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan
E-KTP Aparatur Desa Jongkong Kiri Hilir berpedoman pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku
dan hanya sebatas memfasilitasi serta membuat surat pengantar bagi warga Desa yang akan melakukan
proses perekaman dan pembuatan E-KTP di tingkat Kecamatan Jongkong. Terdapat faktor pendukung
dan penghabat dalam Implementasi Kebijakan E-KTP di Desa Jongkong Kiri Hilir. Faktor pendukung,
sumber daya manusia Apartur Desa yang sesuai dengan struktur organisasi dan sarana dan prasarana yang
memadai dalam proses pengurusan E-KTP pada tingkat Desa. Sedangkan faktor penghambat adalah
faktor geografis, dimana warga masyarakat yang terdapat di wilayah terpencil kesulitan dalam pengurusan
E-KTP baik di tingkat desa maupun di tingkat Kecamatan.
KINERJA PELAYANAN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH
Authors: Atong Petrus
Published: February 2021

Pada dasarnya penelitian ini menyoroti masalah kinerja pelayanan RSUD terhadap pelayanan
publik di kabupaten Sintang. Fokus masalahnya ada dua hal : 1) kualitas pelayanan administratif di RSUD
kabupaten Sintang. 2) kualitas pelayanan medis di RSUD kabupaten Sintang. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai
dalam penelitian ini pada umumnya selain ingin mengetahui secara cermat, tetapi juga memberikan analisa
tentang kualitas pelayanan RSUD kabupaten Sintang.Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian
ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, yang menjadi subyek penelitian adalah
Direktur RSUD dan Kasi Pelayanan RSUD. Instrumen (alat) pengumpul data pedoman wawancara dan
pedoman observasi. Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah : kinerja pelayanan RSUD kabupaten
Sintang terhadap pelayanan publik sudah baik.
EVALUASI PROGRAM KOMPENSASI PENGURANGAN SUBSIDI BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK BIDANG INPRASTRUKTUR PEDESAAN
Authors: Fitriani Aida
Published: February 2021

Pemerintah telah menetapkan kebijakan untuk mengurangi subsidi Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM)
dan mengalokasikan dana dari pengurangan subsidi tersebut untuk program-program yang sangat
dibutuhkan dan langsung dirasakan oleh masyarakat miskin, khususnya yang berada di kawasan kumuh,
daerah tertinggal, dan pedesaan. Secara nasional, Program Kompensasi Pengurangan Subsidi Bahan
Bakar Minyak (PKPS BBM) diwujudkan melalui beberapa program sesuai dengan Strategi Nasional
Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (SNPK), yaitu bidang-bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, beras murah, dan
pembangunan infrastruktur pedesaan. Pemilihan infrastruktur pedesaan sebagai salah satu program strategi
untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan dan ketertinggalan didasarkan pada pertimbangan bahwa bahwa
infrastruktur pedesaan dapat membuka akses ekonomi masyarakat, menggerakkan kegiatan produksi dan
destribusi, memberikan lapangan kerja, serta membuka peluang-peluang baru bagi berbagai aktifitas
masyarakat.
PENGARUH SIKAP DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA
Authors: Octaviani Venny Adhita
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh sikap dan motivasi terhadap
minat berwirausaha mahasiswa Prodi Administrasi Bisnis Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas
Kapuas Sintang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sampel mahasiswa
Prodi Administrasi Bisnis Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Kapuas Sintang yang berjumlah
61 mahasiswa responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Sikap tidak berpengaruh signifikan
terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Fisip Unka, yang ditunjukkan
dengan tingkat signifikansi t hitung > 0,05 (0,121 > 0,05). 2) Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap
minat berwirausaha mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Fisip Unka yang ditunjukkan dengan
tingkat signifikansi t hitung lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan
bahwa sebesar 41,4% variabel minat mahasiswa akan dipengaruhi oleh variabel bebasnya, yaitu sikap
dan motivasi, sedangkan sisanya 58,6% variabel minat mahasiswa akan dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel
yang lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini.
PENGARUH KUALITAS SISTEM PELAYANAN JASA TERHADAP PELANGGAN
Authors: Semaun Felix
Published: February 2021

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang disertai dengan kemajuan teknologi saat ini
mengakibatkan kebutuhan hidup masyarakat baik perseorangan maupun perusahaan semakin meningkat.
Meningkatnya tingkat perpindahan atau pengiriman barang dari suatu wilayah ke wilayah lainnya ini
memberikan kesempatan besar untuk berkembangnya perusahaan-perusahaan logistik terutama perusahaan
jasa yang bergerak di bidang pengiriman barang maupun dokumen.PT.Pos IndonesiamerupakanBUMNyang
bergerakdalamkegiatan pelayananlalu lintasinformasi,uangdanbarang
PELAKSANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA DI DESA BINJAI HILIR
Authors: - Jemain , Atong Petrus , Zainudin Abang
Published: February 2021

Pelaksanaan pembangunan di desa, antara lain menjadi salah satu fungsi dan tanggjungawab
kepala desa. Peranan penting pelaksanaan pembangunan di desa adalah Kepala Desa harus mampu
meningkatkan kegiatan koordinasi dan partisipasi masyarakat dan badan perwakilan desa untuk bersatu
padu melaksanakan pembangunan di desa. Pelaksanaan pembangunan desa yang telah dilakukan berupa
peningkatan koordinasi, sosialisasi pemeliharaan hasil pembangunan serta peningkatan partisipasi dalam
perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan desa.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PROFITABILITAS USAHA
Authors: Ratnasari Evy
Published: February 2021

Perusahaan sebagai salah satu bentuk organisasi pada umumnya memiliki tujuan tertentu
yangingin dicapai dalam usaha untuk memenuhi kepentingan para stake holder. Adapun tujuan
perusahaanantara lain untuk memperoleh keuntungan(profit),meningkatkan nilai perusahaandan
untukmemuaskan kebutuhan masyarakat. Tercapainya tujuan tersebutditentukan oleh kinerja yang
nantinyadapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan baik pihak internal maupun eksternal.
Memaksimalisasi nilai perusahaan, tujuan ini merupakan sasaran jangka panjang, yaitu
bagaimanamemperbaiki kinerja perusahaan sehingga kinerja yangbaik itu mendorong naiknya harga saham
di bursa danpada akhirnya menaikkan nilai perusahaan. Tidak dapatdiingkari bahwa tujuan menghasilkan
laba adalah tujuan mendasar semua perusahaan.
MANAJEMEN KEPALA DESA DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBANGUNAN
Authors: Kaja Kaja
Published: February 2021

Kepala Desa telah melaksanakan fungsi manajemen melalui kegiatan perencanaan,
pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan. Perencanaan Pembangunan Infrastruktur Jalan
melibatkan masyarakat, serta perangkat desa dan BPD (Badan Permusyawaratan Desa) sebagai wakil
masyarakat di desa, dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan sesuai dengan kewenangan desa sedangkan dalam
pelaksanaan tugas sudah dilakukan pembagian pekerjaan. Pelaksanaan Infrastruktur Jalan sesuai dengan
perencanaan yang yang telah di tentukan khususnya jalan Desa, tetapi proyek jalan Kabupaten tidak
sesuai dengan hasil musrenbangdes (Musyawarah Pembangunan Desa). Pengawasan kinerja Kepala
Desa dilaksanakan oleh (BPD) sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya, namun belum maksimal karena BPD
memiliki pekerjaan lain di samping sebagai BPD. Perencanaan pembangunan desa yang melibatkan
masyarakat melalui musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan desa (Musrenbangdes).
STRATEGI PENENTUAN HARGA PADA RUMAH MAKAN
Authors: Asrori Imam
Published: February 2021

Strategi penetapan harga pada rumah makan yang masih rata-rata sama dengan pesaing
dapat menyebabkan kurangnya daya tarik bagi konsumen. Minimnya jumlah karyawan menyebabkan
konsumen harus mengantri dan akhirnya pindah berlangganan kepada pesaing. Strategi penetapan harga
diskon terdiri dari pemotongan harga untuk jumlah pembelian tertentu, diskon setiap awal bulan, dan
diskon bagi pelanggan tetap. Strategi penentuan harga kompetitif dilakukan melalui strategi harga relatif
yaitu menentukan harga di bawah atau sama dengan tingkat harga persaingan, Strategi penentuan harga
berdasarkan biaya berdasarkan aspek dari Food Cost (biaya bahan makanan), biaya pelayanan,
pemasaran, dan biaya angkutan. Perlunya mempertahankan dan meningkatkan strategi penetapan harga
diskon yang telah berjalan dengan baik, strategi penentuan harga kompetitif agar tetap bisa bersaing dan
mempertahankan strategi penentuan harga berdasarkan biaya agar tetap mendapatkan untung.
PENGARUH GAJI, BONUS, PERATURAN DAN SANKSI, FASILITAS KERJA DAN KERJASAMA TIM TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Boni Anastasia , - Darmansah
Published: February 2021

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja adalah gaji, bonus, peraturan dan sanksi, fasilitas
kerja dan kerjasama tim yaitu kekuatan yang mendorong seorang karyawan untuk berbuat mengarahkan
perilaku kerja. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Gaji , Bonus, Peraturan
dan Sanksi, Fasilitas Kerja dan Kerjasama Tim terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma
(SBK) Ella Kecamatan Menukung Kabupaten Melawi.Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma
(SBK) selain telah memberikan gaji sesuai dengan UMR juga memberikan bonus kepada karyawannya,
menegakkan peraturan dan sanksi kepada karyawannya. menyediakan fasilitas kerja, Dan juga tetap
menjaga adanya kerjasama tim antara karyawan. Hasil perhitungan dengan bantuan program SPSS
diperoleh nilai signifikan f < 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Pengujian secara parsial gaji menunjukkan nilai signifikansi
t sebesar 0,000 yang berarti < 0,05., bonus menunjukkan nilai signifikansi t sebesar 0,000 yang berarti <
0,05, peraturan dan sanksi menunjukkan nilai tidak signifikansi t sebesar 0,974 yang berarti < 0,05. Ini
menunjukkan bahwa variabel peraturan dan sanksi tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap
kinerja karyawan. Variabel fasilitas kerja menunjukkan nilai tidak signifikansi t sebesar 0,286 yang berarti
< 0,05. Ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel fasilitas kerja tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap
kinerja karyawan. Variabel kerjasama tim menunjukkan nilai signifikansi t sebesar 0,000 yang berarti <
0,05. Ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kerjasama tim berpengaruh positif dan signifikan.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN NASABAH MENABUNG DI BANK
Authors: Octaviani Venny Adhita
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi keputusan nasabah menabung di Bank Kalbar Cabang Nanga Pinoh. Metode
penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sampel nasabah yang menabung
pada Bank Kalbar Cabang Nanga Pinoh yang berjumlah 100 orang responden. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa yaitu model regresi yang terbentuk dalam penelitian ini yaitu Y = 0,281+ 0,212
X1+ 0,844 X2+ 0,019 X3 + 0,139 X4. Produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan nasabah
menabung pada Bank Kalbar Cabang Nanga Pinoh, dengan tingkat signifikansi t hitung < dari 0,05
(0,00 < 0,05). Pelayanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan nasabah menabung pada Bank
Kalbar Cabang Nanga Pinoh, dengan tingkat signifikansi t hitung < dari 0,05 (0,00 < 0,05). Promosi
tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan nasabah menabung pada Bank Kalbar Cabang
Nanga Pinoh, dengan tingkat signifikansi t hitung > dari 0,05 (0,502 > 0,05). Lokasi berpengaruh
signifikan terhadap keputusan nasabah menabung pada Bank Kalbar Cabang Nanga Pinoh, dengan
tingkat signifikansi t hitung < dari 0,05 (0,037 < 0,05). Secara simultan variabel produk (X1),pelayanan
(X2), promosi (X3) dan lokasi (X4) berpengaruh terhadap variabel keputusan menabung (Y)
dimana tingkat signifikansi Fhitung < 0,005, (0,00 < 0,05). Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan
bahwa 95,6% variabel keputusan menabung (Y) akan dipengaruhi oleh variabel bebasnya, yaitu
produk (X1),pelayanan (X2), promosi (X3) dan lokasi (X), sedangkan sisanya 4,4% variabel keputusan
menabung akan dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel yang lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian
ini.
PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI KANTOR DESA
Authors: Hahury Jhony Fredy
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan tentang Pelayanan Publik di
Kantor Desa Sungai Sena Kecamatan Silat Hilir Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari
Kepala Desa, Sekretaris Desa, Kepala SeksiPemerintahan, dan Kepala Urusan Umum. Jenis penelitian
ini deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara, teknik
observasi dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwapelayanan publik yang dilaksanakan sudah
mengacu kepada standar pelayanan dengan mengikuti prosedur yang. Dari aspek akuntabilitas dalam
pelayanan sudah cukup baik. Hal ini terlihat dengan tanggung jawab aparatur desa dalam melayani
masyarakat dengan mengedepankan prinsip pelayanan yang terbuka, keramahan, santun dan tidak
diskriminasi. Dengan pelayanan yang sesuai standar pelayanan maka pelayanan dapat berjalan secara
efektif dan akuntabel.
MEKANISME PELAYANAN PEMBUATAN IZIN MENDIRIKAN BANGUNAN (IMB)
Authors: YADISAR A.M.
Published: February 2021

Pelayanan pembuatan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan merupakan salah satu jenis pelayanan yang
diselenggarakan Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Sintang
terciptanya kualitas pelayanan pembuatan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan tentunya akan menciptakan kepuasan
terhadap pengguna layanan. Kualitas mekanisme pelayanan pada akhirnya dapat memberikan beberapa
mamfaat diantaranya terjalinnya hubungan yang harmonis antara penyedia layanan dengan masyarakat
atau dunia usaha. Kualitas mekanisme pelayanan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan merupakan suatu harapan
yang ingin dicapai. Mekanisme pelayanan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan harus mampu memenuhi kualitas
layanan yang diharapkan masyarakat dan dunia usaha. Mekanisme pelayanan kepada masyarakat agar
tidak mempersulit pelayanan terhadap rakyat, karena tata kelola pemeritahan yang baik (good
governance) hanya akan terwujud bila pelayanan itu murah, mudah, dan cepat sesuai dengan tuntutan
zaman.
Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Keluarga di Era Digital
Authors: Boiliu Fredik Melkias
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini mengulas tentang pembelajaran pendidikan agama Kristen dalam keluarga di era digital untuk meningkatan spiritualitas dan moralitas anak. Orangtua merupakan sosok utama yang mewariskan nilai-nilai spiritualitas dan moralitas pada anak sejak dini melalui pengajaran pendidikan agama Kristen. Spiritualitas dan moralitas merupakan hal yang sangat mendasar dalam kehidupan anak. Di samping itu, era digital membawa dampak positif dan negatif bagi kehidupan anak. Dalam hal ini, dampak negatifnya sangat memengaruhi pertumbuhan spiritualitas dan moralitas anak. Oleh sebab itu, orangtua harus bertanggung untuk meningkat spiritualitas dan moralitas anak melalui pengajaran pendidikan agama Kristen dalam keluarga. Orangtua harus mengajarkan nilai-nilai spiritualitas dan moralitas pada anak berulang-ulang dimana saja dan kapanpun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah kajian literatur dan riset pustaka.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII-F SMP Negeri 22 Surabaya Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019
Authors: Asmana Arezqi Tunggal
Published: February 2021

Students' experience in solving problems through discovery is a prerequisite for students' critical and analytical thinking in constructing their learning outcomes, so that a knowledge system process will be formed in their students' memories that is ready to be reused when such knowledge is needed.

Less optimal student learning outcomes are caused by several factors, one of which is the low attention and lack of concentration of students in following mathematics learning. Teachers often provide lessons in the form of lectures and questions and answers, so students are less motivated to develop creative thinking skills in solving problems.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an increase in student mathematics learning outcomes after the implementation of problem based learning learning models.

This type of research is classroom action research with two cycles, where each cycle consists of activities of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data retrieval is carried out by a written test on two linear variables. This research was conducted in class VIII-F of SMP Negeri 22 Surabaya with 32 students.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR EFEKTIF DAN EFISIEN MELALUI BIMBINGAN PRIBADI DAN SOSIAL PADA SISWA KELAS XI IPS 1 SMA NEGERI 1 KAYUAGUNG
Authors: Ismail Ina
Published: February 2021

Tujuan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini adalah untuk mengatasi bahwa bimbingan pribadi dan sosial dapat Peningkatan Prestasi belajar siswa. Lokasi yang dimaksud meliputi aspek tempat  ialah lokasi dimana proses pembelajaran berlangsung yaitu kelas XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kayuagung. Aspek pelaku, ialah peneliti, sebagai guru dan siswa kelas XI IPS 1 yang terlibat dalam interaksi  pembelajaran. Aspek kegiatan ialah layanan kelompok uintuk Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Melalui Bidang Bimbingan Pribadi dan Sosial Materi Belajar Efektif dan Efisien  dengan layanan kelompok pada siswa kelas XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kayuagung Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Pada materi belajar efektif dan efisien. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan hasil belajar maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa bimbinga pribadi dan sosial dapat meningkatan Prestasi belajar Bidang Bimbingan Belajar pada Materi Belajar Efektif dan Efisien siswa kelas XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kayuagung tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 nilai persentase ketuntasan prestasi belajar siklus I sebesar  77.54% dan siklus II 86.11%
Figurative Meaning Used by Chairil Anwar on his Poetry ‘Krawang-Bekasi’
Authors: Fadjarwati Dhiana
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the figurative meaning applied in the poetry written by Chairil Anwar “Krawang-Bekasi”. This study was done by applying descriptive qualitative design by in the semantics theory supported by theory of figurative meaning proposed by Leech (1981). The instrument was the researcher as the primary instrument of the study. The data were examined into the description form within the poetry. The findings showed: (1) This poetry portrayed the war in Military Aggression I and II in Indonesia and described the story of the young soldiers Indonesia to grab Indonesia‘s independency; (2) Chairil Anwar also wrote the peace messages from the young dead soldiers who killed during the war. Chairil Anwar used alliteration and refrain to make a lyrical sound; used visual imagery, internal sensation imagery, and auditory imagery to involve the reader into the poetry. To broaden the reader‘s imaginations, used personification and symbol in case to illustrate the figurative meaning in the poetry.
Literary Meaning of Anxiety reflected by the Servant found in ‘Appointment in Samarra’ by Somerset Maugham
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Koestiani Septi
Published: February 2021

This research was conducted to describe the semantics analysis of the literary meaning of anxiety in the story ‘Appointment in Samara’ written by Somerset Maugham. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The instrument was the researcher himself, and supporting by the secondary instrument called the scripted text of the story examined. The data collection were taken from internet, it was the text of the story ‘Appointment in Samara’.  To analyze all data, this study used the theory of literary meaning proposed by Lyons (1977). The data were indentified, then were classified, were displayed, and were described. The results of the study showed there were three kinds defense mechanism of reactions in anxiety namely: (1) regression, (2) repression, and (3) rationalization.
Investigating Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers' Speaking Anxiety in EFL Classroom
Authors: Ahmad Syafi'i
Published: February 2021

The objective of this research are to investigate pre-service teachers’ speaking anxiety in EFL classroom. The subject of this research was 40 pre-service teachers of STKIP Al Hikmah Surabaya Indonesia. The research design of this study is descriptive qualitative research. The main single instrument used in this research was questionnaire. The questionnaire used in the form of Likert scale which was adopted and developed from Horwitz. In this study, questionnaire was  applied as the single instruments. In analyzing data, an interactive data analysis model proposed by Miles M.B and Huberman A.M (1984) was used. The result of the study were: (1) All pre service teachers experienced speaking anxiety in EFL classroom. (2) There are five major areas of speaking anxiety experienced by pre service teachers in EFL classroom namely fear of interaction, fear of perception of others, low self esteem and lack of confidence, language proficiency, and error correction or fear of negative corection.
The Use of Instagram Picture Series as Media to Improve Students’ Ability in Writing Procedure Text
Authors: Rahmawati Vebriary Eka , Sulistyaningsih
Published: February 2021

This research aims to know whether the students’ ability in writing procedure text could be improved through the use of Instagram picture series as teaching media. This is a classroom action research (CAR) implemented in two cycles, on the eleventh-grade students of Madrasah Aliyah NU Sidoarjo in 2019/2020 academic year. This research uses quasi-experimental design which has these criteria based on Mueller: 1). No random selection of subjects; 2). Pre-test both groups; 3). Experimental group receives new treatment; 4). Control group receive no treatment or the normal treatment; 5).  Post-test both groups. The population is 126 students. The samples are ten students of XI MIPA 1 as the experimental group and ten students of XI MIPA 2 as the control group. The independent variable is Instagram picture series as media of teaching writing. The dependent variable is the students’ ability in writing procedure text. In collecting the data, the researcher applied instrument: interview, questionnaire, Instagram application, writing pre-test and writing post-test. The data was analyzed statistically using T-test. The researcher examines two cycles of test. As the result in the first cycle, the pre-test average score of the control group is 44 and the experimental group is 45.5. In the first cycle of pot-test, the average score of the control group is 70 and the experimental group is 78. Both of them don’t get the Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) or the level of basic competence score which is 80. So, the second cycle of post-test is held. As the result, the average score of the control group is 74 and the experimental group is 82.5. The next cycle of post-test isn’t needed because the average score of the experimental group is already passed over the KKM. It means that, the use of Instagram picture series as teaching media has the significant positive impact to the improvement of the students’ ability in writing procedure text.
A Sociolinguistics of Code Mixing and Code Switching Between English and Indonesian Language at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo
Authors: Slamet Joko , Ninik  , Sulistyaningsih
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed to analyze Code Mixing and Code Switching between English and Indonesian Language Done by the Lecturer of Advance English Grammar Subject at the 5th Semester Students of STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo. The study was designed in the form of qualitative descriptive study. The subjects in this study were the lecturer in the 5th semester of students of STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo who teaches the Advance English Grammar subject. The data were collected by using the methods of recording and writing on note of what lecturer said in teaching learning process, then collected it and classified based on grammatical aspect of code mixing, code switching, sociolinguistic aspect, and the function (phatic function) of code mixing and code switching. A grammatical focused on the structural aspect of code mixing and code switching. While, a sociolinguistic approach was concerned with the role of social factors of code mixing and code switching. The result of this research showed that the grammatical aspect of code mixing and code switching are extra-sentential/tag mixing and switching, inter-sentential mixing and switching, and intra word of code mixing and code switching. Sociolinguistic aspects of code switching are situational and metaphorical switching. The functions of code switching were referential function, directive function, phatic function and metalinguistic function. But this study only focused on phatic function to clarify or emphasize a message. The achievement of this research can be used to make easier in teaching foreign language and can be used as additional source and also can develop code mixing and code switching field in the next research.
IMPLEMENTING COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING APPROACH AT INNOVATIVE LEARNING CENTER SIDOARJO
Authors: Astriana Dina , Sulistyaningsih
Published: February 2021

English language is a universal language which is spoken by most countries throughout the world. Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) setting is challenging for teachers. They have to share the English knowledge based on the curriculum and be creative in developing activities in the class. One of the the approaches taught to learners is Communicative Language teaching(CLT) approach.. This study aimed to collect the information on teacher’s comprehension of Communicative Approach and describe the implementation of Communicative Approach conducted by the teachers. The subject of this study was five English teachers at Innovative Learning Center, Sidoarjo. The observer collected the data from questionnaires, interview and observation.The findings showed that 4 teachers (80%) understood about the communicative language teaching approach and all of them (100%) have conducted the communicative approach in the English teaching process.
Satellite retrieval of aerosol combined with assimilated forecast
Authors: Yoshida Mayumi , Yumimoto Keiya , Nagao Takashi M. , Tanaka Taichu Y. , Kikuchi Maki , Murakami Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We developed a new aerosol satellite retrieval algorithm
combining a numerical aerosol forecast. In the retrieval algorithm, the
short-term forecast from an aerosol data assimilation system was used as an a priori estimate instead of spatially and temporally constant values. This
method was demonstrated using observation of the Advanced Himawari Imager
onboard the Japan Meteorological Agency's geostationary satellite
Himawari-8. Overall, the retrieval results incorporated strengths of the
observation and the model and complemented their respective weaknesses,
showing spatially finer distributions than the model forecast and less noisy
distributions than the original algorithm. We validated the new algorithm
using ground observation data and found that the aerosol parameters
detectable by satellite sensors were retrieved more accurately than an a priori
model forecast by adding satellite information. Further, the satellite
retrieval accuracy was improved by introducing the model forecast instead of
the constant a priori estimates. By using the assimilated forecast for an a priori estimate, information from previous observations can be propagated to
future retrievals, leading to better retrieval accuracy. Observational
information from the satellite and aerosol transport by the model are
incorporated cyclically to effectively estimate the optimum field of
aerosol.
Effects of thermodynamics, dynamics and aerosols on cirrus clouds based on in situ observations and NCAR CAM6
Authors: Patnaude Ryan , Diao Minghui , Liu Xiaohong , Chu Suqian
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Cirrus cloud radiative effects are largely affected by
ice microphysical properties, including ice water content (IWC), ice crystal
number concentration (Ni) and mean diameter (Di). These characteristics vary
significantly due to thermodynamic, dynamical and aerosol conditions. In
this work, a global-scale observation dataset is used to examine regional
variations of cirrus cloud microphysical properties, as well as several key
controlling factors, i.e., temperature, relative humidity with respect to
ice (RHi), vertical velocity (w) and aerosol number concentrations (Na).
Results are compared with simulations from the National Center for
Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6).
Observed and simulated ice mass and number concentrations are constrained to
≥62.5 µm to reduce potential uncertainty from shattered ice in
data collection. The differences between simulations and observations are
found to vary with latitude and temperature. Comparing with averaged
observations at ∼100 km horizontal scale, simulations are
found to underestimate (overestimate) IWC by a factor of 3–10 in the
Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. Simulated Ni is overestimated in most
regions except the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Simulated Di is
underestimated by a factor of 2, especially for warmer conditions
(−50 to −40 ∘C), possibly due to
misrepresentation of ice particle growth/sedimentation. For RHi effects, the
frequency and magnitude of ice supersaturation are underestimated in
simulations for clear-sky conditions. The simulated IWC and Ni show bimodal
distributions with maximum values at 100 % and 80 % RHi, differing from
the unimodal distributions that peak at 100 % in the observations. For w
effects, both observations and simulations show variances of w (σw) decreasing from the tropics to polar regions, but simulations show much
higher σw for the in-cloud condition than the clear-sky condition.
Compared with observations, simulations show weaker aerosol indirect effects
with a smaller increase of IWC and Di at higher Na. These findings provide an
observation-based guideline for improving simulated ice microphysical
properties and their relationships with key controlling factors at various
geographical locations.
Photochemical environment over Southeast Asia primed for hazardous ozone levels with influx of nitrogen oxides from seasonal biomass burning
Authors: Marvin Margaret R. , Palmer Paul I. , Latter Barry G. , Siddans Richard , Kerridge Brian J. , Latif Mohd Talib , Khan Md Firoz
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Mainland and maritime Southeast Asia is home to more than 655 million
people, representing nearly 10 % of the global population. The dry
season in this region is typically associated with intense biomass
burning activity, which leads to a significant increase in surface air
pollutants that are harmful to human health, including ozone
(O3). Latitude-based differences in the dry season and land use
distinguish two regional biomass burning regimes: (1) burning on the
peninsular mainland peaking in March and (2) burning across Indonesia
peaking in September. The type and amount of material burned in each
regime impact the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which combine to
produce ozone. Here, we use the nested GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry
transport model (horizontal resolution of 0.25∘ × 0.3125∘),
in combination with satellite observations
from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and ground-based
observations from Malaysia, to investigate ozone photochemistry
over Southeast Asia in 2014. Seasonal cycles
of tropospheric ozone columns from OMI and GEOS-Chem
peak with biomass burning emissions.
Compared to OMI, the model has a mean annual bias of −11 %
but tends to overestimate tropospheric ozone near areas of seasonal fire activity.
We find that outside these burning areas,
the underlying photochemical environment is generally
NOx-limited and dominated by anthropogenic NOx and
biogenic non-methane VOC emissions. Pyrogenic emissions of NOx play a key
role in photochemistry, shifting towards more VOC-limited ozone production
and contributing about 30 % of the regional
ozone formation potential during both biomass burning seasons. Using the
GEOS-Chem model, we find that biomass burning activity coincides with
widespread ozone exposure at levels that exceed world public health
guidelines, resulting in about 260 premature deaths across
Southeast Asia in March 2014 and another 160 deaths
in September. Despite a positive model bias,
hazardous ozone levels are confirmed by surface observations during
both burning seasons.
Regional CO2 fluxes from 2010 to 2015 inferred from GOSAT XCO2 retrievals using a new version of the Global Carbon Assimilation System
Authors: Jiang Fei , Wang Hengmao , Chen Jing M. , Ju Weimin , Tian Xiangjun , Feng Shuzhuang , Li Guicai , Chen Zhuoqi , Zhang Shupeng , Lu Xuehe , Liu Jane , Wang Haikun , Wang Jun , He Wei , Wu Mousong
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of the column-averaged dry air
mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) could help to improve carbon flux estimation
due to their good spatial coverage. In this study, in order to assimilate the
GOSAT (Greenhouse Gases Observing
Satellite) XCO2 retrievals, the Global Carbon Assimilation System (GCAS) is
upgraded with new assimilation algorithms, procedures, a localization
scheme, and a higher assimilation parameter resolution. This upgraded system is
referred to as GCASv2. Based on this new system, the global terrestrial ecosystem
(BIO) and ocean (OCN) carbon fluxes from 1 May 2009 to 31 December 2015 are
constrained using the GOSAT ACOS (Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space) XCO2 retrievals (Version 7.3). The
posterior carbon fluxes from 2010 to 2015 are independently evaluated using
CO2 observations from 52 surface flask sites. The results show that the
posterior carbon fluxes could significantly improve the modeling of
atmospheric CO2 concentrations, with global mean bias decreases from a
prior value of 1.6 ± 1.8 ppm to −0.5 ± 1.8 ppm. The uncertainty
reduction (UR) of the global BIO flux is 17 %, and the highest monthly
regional UR could reach 51 %. Globally, the mean annual BIO and OCN carbon
sinks and their interannual variations inferred in this study are very close
to the estimates of CarbonTracker 2017 (CT2017) during the study period, and the inferred mean
atmospheric CO2 growth rate and its interannual changes are also very
close to the observations. Regionally, over the northern lands, the
strongest carbon sinks are seen in temperate North America, followed by Europe,
boreal Asia, and temperate Asia; in the tropics, there are strong sinks in
tropical South America and tropical Asia, but a very weak sink in Africa.
This pattern is significantly different from the estimates of CT2017, but
the estimated carbon sinks for each continent and some key regions like
boreal Asia and the Amazon are comparable or within the range of previous bottom-up
estimates. The inversion also changes the interannual variations in carbon
fluxes in most TransCom land regions, which have a better relationship with
the changes in severe drought area (SDA) or leaf area index (LAI), or are more consistent with
previous estimates for the impact of drought. These results suggest that the
GCASv2 system works well with the GOSAT XCO2 retrievals and shows good
performance with respect to estimating the surface carbon fluxes; meanwhile, our results
also indicate that the GOSAT XCO2 retrievals could help to better
understand the interannual variations in regional carbon fluxes.
OMPS LP Version 2.0 multi-wavelength aerosol extinction coefficient retrieval algorithm
Authors: Taha Ghassan , Loughman Robert , Zhu Tong , Thomason Larry , Kar Jayanta , Rieger Landon , Bourassa Adam
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The OMPS Limb Profiler (LP) instrument is designed to provide high-vertical-resolution ozone and aerosol profiles from measurements of the scattered solar radiation in the 290–1000 nm spectral range. It collected its first Earth limb measurement on 10 January 2012 and continues to provide daily global measurements of ozone and aerosol profiles from the cloud top up to 60 and 40 km, respectively. The relatively high vertical and spatial sampling allow detection and tracking of sporadic events when aerosol particles are injected into the stratosphere, such as volcanic eruptions or pyrocumulonimbus (PyroCb) events. In this paper we discuss the newly released Version 2.0 OMPS multi-wavelength aerosol extinction coefficient retrieval algorithm. The algorithm now produces aerosol extinction profiles at 510, 600, 674, 745, 869 and 997 nm wavelengths. The OMPS LP Version 2.0 data products are compared to the SAGE III/ISS, OSIRIS and CALIPSO missions and shown to be of good quality and suitable for scientific studies. The comparison shows significant improvements in the OMPS LP retrieval performance in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and at lower altitudes. These improvements arise from use of the longer wavelengths, in contrast with the V1.0 and V1.5 OMPS aerosol retrieval algorithms, which used radiances only at 675 nm and therefore had limited sensitivity in those regions. In particular, the extinction coefficients at 745, 869 and 997 nm are shown to be the most accurate, with relative accuracies and precisions close to 10 % and 15 %, respectively, while the 675 nm relative accuracy and precision are on the order of 20 %. The 510 nm extinction coefficient is shown to have limited accuracy in the SH and is only recommended for use between 20–24 km and only in the Northern Hemisphere. The V2.0 retrieval algorithm has been applied to the complete set of OMPS LP measurements, and the new dataset is publicly available.
D-region impact area of energetic electron precipitation during pulsating aurora
Authors: Bland Emma , Tesema Fasil , Partamies Noora
Published: February 2021

Abstract. A total of 10 radars from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) in Antarctica were used to estimate the spatial area over which energetic electron precipitation (EEP) impacts the D-region ionosphere during pulsating aurora (PsA) events. We use an all-sky camera (ASC) located at Syowa Station to confirm the presence of optical PsAs, and then we use the SuperDARN radars to detect high frequency (HF) radio attenuation caused by enhanced ionisation in the D-region ionosphere. The HF radio attenuation was identified visually by examining quick-look plots of the background HF radio noise and backscatter power from each radar. The EEP impact area was determined for 74 PsA events. Approximately one-third of these events have an EEP impact area that covers at least 12∘ of magnetic latitude, and three-quarters cover at least 4∘ of magnetic latitude. At the equatorward edge of the auroral oval, 44 % of events have a magnetic local time extent of at least 7 h, but this reduces to 17 % at the poleward edge. We use these results to estimate the average size of the EEP impact area during PsAs, which could be used as a model input for determining the impact of PsA-related EEP on the atmospheric chemistry.
Identifying meteorological drivers of extreme impacts: an application to simulated crop yields
Authors: Vogel Johannes , Rivoire Pauline , Deidda Cristina , Rahimi Leila , Sauter Christoph A. , Tschumi Elisabeth , van der Wiel Karin , Zhang Tianyi , Zscheischler Jakob
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Compound weather events may lead to extreme impacts that can affect many aspects of society including agriculture. Identifying the underlying mechanisms that cause extreme impacts, such as crop failure, is of crucial importance to improve their understanding and forecasting. In this study, we investigate whether key meteorological drivers of extreme impacts can be identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in a model environment, a method that allows for automated variable selection and is able to handle collinearity between variables. As an example of an extreme impact, we investigate crop failure using annual wheat yield as simulated by the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) crop model driven by 1600 years of daily weather data from a global climate model (EC-Earth) under present-day conditions for the Northern Hemisphere. We then apply LASSO logistic regression to determine which weather conditions during the growing season lead to crop failure. We obtain good model performance in central Europe and the eastern half of the United States, while crop failure years in regions in Asia and the western half of the United States are less accurately predicted. Model performance correlates strongly with annual mean and variability of crop yields; that is, model performance is highest in regions with relatively large annual crop yield mean and variability. Overall, for nearly all grid points, the inclusion of temperature, precipitation and vapour pressure deficit is key to predict crop failure. In addition, meteorological predictors during all seasons are required for a good prediction. These results illustrate the omnipresence of compounding effects of both meteorological drivers and different periods of the growing season for creating crop failure events. Especially vapour pressure deficit and climate extreme indicators such as diurnal temperature range and the number of frost days are selected by the statistical model as relevant predictors for crop failure at most grid points, underlining their overarching relevance. We conclude that the LASSO regression model is a useful tool to automatically detect compound drivers of extreme impacts and could be applied to other weather impacts such as wildfires or floods. As the detected relationships are of purely correlative nature, more detailed analyses are required to establish the causal structure between drivers and impacts.
Model intercomparison of COSMO 5.0 and IFS 45r1 at
kilometer-scale grid spacing
Authors: Zeman Christian , Wedi Nils P. , Dueben Peter D. , Ban Nikolina , Schär Christoph
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The increase in computing power and recent model developments allow the use of global kilometer-scale weather and climate models for routine forecasts. At these scales, deep convective processes can be partially resolved explicitly by the model dynamics. Next to horizontal resolution, other aspects such as the applied numerical methods, the use of the hydrostatic approximation, and timestep size are factors that might influence a model's ability of resolving deep convective processes. In order to improve our understanding of the role of these factors, a model intercomparison between the nonhydrostatic COSMO model and the hydrostatic Integrated Forecast System (IFS) from ECMWF has been conducted. Both models have been run with different spatial and temporal resolutions in order to simulate two summer days over Europe with strong convection. The results are analyzed with focus on vertical wind speed and precipitation. Results show that even at around 3 km horizontal grid spacing the effect of the hydrostatic approximation seems to be negligible. However, timestep proves to be an important factor for deep convective processes, with a reduced timestep generally allowing for higher updraft velocities and thus more energy in vertical velocity spectra, in particular for smaller wavelengths. A shorter timestep is also causing an earlier onset and peak of the diurnal cycle. Furthermore, the amount of horizontal diffusion plays a crucial role for deep convection with more diffusion generally leading to larger convective cells and higher precipitation intensities. The study also shows that for both models the parameterization of deep convection leads to lower updraft and precipitation intensities and biases in the diurnal cycle with a precipitation peak which is too early.
The use of personal weather station observations to improve precipitation estimation and interpolation
Authors: Bárdossy András , Seidel Jochen , El Hachem Abbas
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The number of personal weather stations (PWSs) with data available through the internet is increasing gradually in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of these data for the spatial interpolation of precipitation using a novel approach based on indicator correlations and rank statistics. Due to unknown errors and biases of the observations, rainfall amounts from the PWS network are not considered directly. Instead, it is assumed that the temporal order of the ranking of these data is correct. The crucial step is to find the stations which fulfil this condition. This is done in two steps – first, by selecting the locations using the time series of indicators of high precipitation amounts. Then, the remaining stations are then checked for whether they fit into the spatial pattern of the other stations. Thus, it is assumed that the quantiles of the empirical distribution functions are accurate. These quantiles are then transformed to precipitation amounts by a quantile mapping using the distribution functions which were interpolated from the information from the German National Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst – DWD) data only. The suggested procedure was tested for the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. A detailed cross validation of the interpolation was carried out for aggregated precipitation amount of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. For each of these temporal aggregations, nearly 200 intense events were evaluated, and the improvement of the interpolation was quantified. The results show that the filtering of observations from PWSs is necessary as the interpolation error after the filtering and data transformation decreases significantly. The biggest improvement is achieved for the shortest temporal aggregations.