bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of Calcium Phosphate Microarc Coatings Surface by Boehmite Nanoparticles
Authors: Chebodaeva Valentina V. , Sedelnikova Maria , Sharkeev Yurii P.
Published: July 2017

The surface modification of microarc calcium phosphate coatings by boehmite nanoparticles deposition was studied. The powder of aluminium nitride AlN was deposited on the microarc calcium phosphate coatings, and then the hydrolysis reaction was initiated. The boehmite (AlO(OH)) was formed as a result of the reaction. The influence of boehmite nanoparticles deposition on the properties of calcium phosphate microarc coatings (i.e. the morphology, elemental and phase composition, wettability) was studied. Experimental results show that the introduction of boehmite nanoparticles affects the surface morphology and wettability of the coating.
Creation of the Combined Heat-Resistant Coating with Gradient Modification of Layers and Methods of its Testing
Authors: Shaidurova Galina Ivanovna , Vasilyev Igor Lvovich , Shevyakov Yakov Sergeevich
Published: July 2017

Corrosion protection of equipment, apparatus and thermal-stressed metal structures (which refer to equipment of fuel and power industries) operated under conditions of chemical manufacturing processes is the prime industrial target. Corrosive medium causes changes in material structure and properties resulting in decreased strength and premature damage of equipment [1].The subject of research is the system of thermal resistant protective coating for extreme operation conditions.The objective of the study is technology development of protective organic coating with predictable properties within the long-term operation of real gas-compressor units. The research resulted in improved procedure of thermogradient coatings application with positive progress due to the modification of layers of heat-resistant paintwork materials [2].
A Three-Dimensional BEM for Dynamic Analysis of Anisotropic Elastic Multi-Connected Bodies
Authors: Igumnov Leonid A. , Markov Ivan
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the direct boundary element method in the Laplace domain is applied for the solution of three-dimensional transient dynamic problems of anisotropic elasticity in multi-connected domains. The formulation is based upon the integral representations of anisotropic dynamic fundamental solutions. As numerical example the problem of an anisotropic elastic prismatic solid with cubic cavity is investigated.
Determination of Ultimate Dimensions of Crack-Like Defects in a Wall of Vertical Steel Tanks with Specified Volume of 20000m3
Authors: Lyagova Anastasiya
Published: July 2017

The paper studies the stress-strain state of a surface longitudinally oriented crack in the wall of a vertical steel tank with specified volume of 20,000 m3. Surface non-through cracks are one of the main causes of tank failure. The prognostication of the crack critical dimensions requires analytical expression for the K-calibration function. K-calibration function is the dependence taking into account the change in dimensions, location of a defect and geometrical peculiarities of the structure as well. The calculation of the stress-intensity factor (SIF) of a surface longitudinally oriented crack located in the tank wall was performed using ANSYS Mechanical software. The cracks with various dimensions were studied by generating global finite-element model of the tank and a sub-model of the tank ring with a crack. MATLAB software was implemented to derive analytical expressions for K-calibration function of cracks with different shape located in the wall of vertical steel tank. All expressions for the K-calibration function are described by a polynominal function that allows estimating the critical size of a defect. The work results could be interesting for oil industry engineers.
The Dynamic Analysis of a Slab on a Poroviscoelastic Halfspace under Vertical Load via BEM
Authors: Igumnov Leonid A. , Ipatov Aleksandr A.
Published: July 2017

Mechanics of advanced materials, such as poro-, visco-or poroviscoelastic materials, is relevant to such disciplines as geophysics, geo-and biomechanics, seismology, constricting. Because of the complexity of the inertial viscosity and mechanical phases coupling in porous media most transient response problems can only be solved via numerical methods. The present work is dedicated to numerical modelling of a problem of a Heaviside-type impact load acting on a brittle slab situated above a fluid saturated foundation. Slab is treated as elastic or poroelastic rock. Fluid saturated foundation is a soil and modeled as a poroviscoelastic media. Poroviscoelastic formulation is based on Biot’s theory of poroelasticity in combination with elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle. Classical models of viscoelasticity are employed, such as Kelvin-Voight model, standard linear solid model and model with weakly singular kernel. The problem is treated in Laplace domain. Direct boundary integral method approach is used to obtain solution. Modified Durbin’s algorithm of numerical inversion of Laplace transform is applied to perform solution in time domain. A problem of Heaviside-type vertical load acting on a slab bonded on a poroviscoelastic halfspace is considered. The comparison of dynamic responses when poroviscoelastic halfspace is described by different viscoelactic models is presented.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Biocomposite on the Basis of Numerical Modeling
Authors: Mikushina Valentina A. , Smolin Igor Yu. , Sidorenko Yury N.
Published: July 2017

The numerical simulation of biocomposites consisting of zirconia-based ceramics and cortical bone was performed with the use of a multilevel approach. The mechanical properties of the ceramic biocomposite were determined. The evolution of mesoscopic stress distributions in the biocomposite components during the process of its deformation was investigated, taking into account damage accumulation up to the fulfillment of the macro strength criterion. It is shown that damage accumulation has an impact on the stress distribution laws at the mesoscopic level, which is manifested through the appearance of a threshold for the stress distribution, as well as through a significant decrease in the distribution amplitude.
The Simulation of Titanium-Aluminium Composite with Intermetallic Inclusions Behavior under Compression
Authors: Gurevich Leonid Moiseevich , Shmorgun Victor Georgievich , Pronichev Dmitriy V. , Novikov Roman Evgenyevich
Published: July 2017

3D finite element simulation of behavior of composite VT6-AD1-D20 with the intermetallic layer at axial compression was carried out. The properties of the intermetallic interlayer were described using the model of Johnson-Holmquist. The effect of the aluminum layer thickness on failure deformation was defined.
Modeling the Formation of Grain Boundaries as a Result of Two-Sided Crystallization Using Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Volegov Pavel S. , Gerasimov Roman M.
Published: July 2017

This article considers the issues related to the correct description of the internal structure of grain boundaries in metals. We offered a mathematical model describing grain boundaries formation as a result of two-sided crystallization by applying molecular dynamics method with third-type boundary conditions for heat extraction (Newton-Richman law). In the construction of the interatomic potential, the embedded atom method (EAM) is used. The work offers an algorithm for generation of initial conditions for two adjacent grains with different crystal lattices orientation and melt between them. To detect defects and defective areas we use a central symmetry parameter. The system energy before and after the crystallization process is estimated.
The Effect of Preliminary Mechanical Activation on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ni3Al+B Material Obtained by SPS
Authors: Shevtsova Lilia I. , Bataev Anatoliy A. , Mali Vyacheslav I. , Esikov Maksim A. , Sun Shin Yan Veronika V. , Nemolochnov Danil A. , Zimoglyadova Tatyana
Published: July 2017

In the present study, a mixture of powders (87.9 at.% Ni, 12 at.% Al, 0.1 at.% B) was used as the initial material to produce sintered Ni3Al + B alloy. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method was used to compact the powder. The powder mixtures were previously prepared in two ways: mixing the initial powders in a mortar (М1) and mechanical activation (М2). The microstructure was observed using optical microscope (OM). The addition of small amount of boron to the initial mixture of nickel and aluminum improves the density of the sintered Ni3Al intermetallic compound (98.8%). The results of density, bending and microhardness tests showed, that the provisional three-minute mechanical activation improves almost all properties of the sintered material. The compact obtained by SPS by M2 contributes to the formation of a homogeneous fine-grained structure of the material. It leads to further increase in flexural bending strength up to 2200 MPa. This value is almost 8 times the strength of the intermetallic Ni3Al stoichiometric composition obtained by SPS.
Features of Dynamic Strain Aging of Low-Carbon Steels during Severe Plastic Deformation Processing
Authors: Aleshin Gennady N. , Raab Georgy I. , Kodirov Ilyas S.
Published: July 2017

The paper considers the features of the manifestation of dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect during severe plastic deformation processing via equal-channel angular pressing of low-carbon steel 10 and during the deformation processing via rolling of steel 20Kh. The deformation mechanisms under different regimes of deformation processing are analyzed. The temperature ranges for the manifestation of the DSA effect during the deformation by rolling of steel 20Kh and by equal-channel angular pressing of steel 10 are established. It is demonstrated that the deformation of low-carbon steels in the temperature range of DSA leads to further structure refinement and, as a consequence, to the enhancement in strength properties.
Contributions of Various Strengthening Mechanisms to the Flow Onset Stress in the ECAP-Processed Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy
Authors: Faizov Ilshat , Raab Georgy I. , Aksenov Denis
Published: July 2017

Various contributions to the overall strength of the Cu-1Cu-0.7Al-0.2Zr alloy after the combined severe plastic deformation treatment have been calculated and compared with those after the standard industrial processing. Contrary to the common viewpoint, the SPD increases the strength not only due to the structure refinement, but also because of greater contribution of the dispersion strengthening. It is argued that this effect is linked to the deformation-induced phase transitions upon the SPD.
Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Al-Mg Alloy Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Kozulin Alexander A. , Krasnoveikin Vladimir A. , Skripnyak Vladimir A. , Moskvichev Evgeny N. , Rubtsov Valery E.
Published: July 2017

This study examines the effect of severe plastic deformation on the physical and mechanical properties of a light structural Al-Mg alloy. Severe plastic deformation has been performed by equal channel angular pressing through a die with an angle of 90° between the channels to produce ultrafine-grained structure in specimens of studied alloy. A complex investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of the processed alloy has been carried out to examine the microstructure and texture, and to measure microhardness, yield stress and ultimate tensile strength. The obtained results demonstrate high efficiency of the chosen treatment method and mode of producing a light ultrafine-grained alloy.
The Implementation of Algorithm Iterative Conversion for Three-Component Composite on the Example of Solution of the Bending Plate Problem
Authors: Manabaev Kayrat , Pavlov Mikhail , Kazakova Oksana , Vakurov Andrey
Published: July 2017

Applications of the new algorithm for the calculation of stress-strain state of multicomponent isotropic bodies are given in the article. The algorithm is based on the derivation of expressions for iterated effective modules obtained by converting the Voigt-Reuss modules. The comparison of exact solution with the solutions based on new characteristics obtained for the problem of loading a round sandwich plate is given as the example.
Researching Signals from Workpiece Backside during Electron Beam Welding in Full Penetration Mode
Authors: Varushkin Stepan , Belenkiy Vladimir , Trushnikov Dmitriy
Published: July 2017

In this research work, we consider the problem of sensor selection for the system controlling full penetration mode in electron beam welding. For this, we have investigated four signals from the backside of the workpiece: electron current in root plasma, ion current in root plasma, through-thickness electron current and penetrating bremsstrahlung X-ray. After having done the research we have estimated the advisability of two signals: one for cases if requirements for control precision are high and the other for other cases.
Simulation of Honing of a Processed Workpiece on CNC Machine
Authors: Grigoryev Egor S. , Kadyrov Ramil R. , Charikov Pavel N. , Pryanichnikova Valeria V.
Published: July 2017

This article deals with the aspects of mathematical description and honing process optimization to obtain high-precision apertures in workpieces. It studies how parameters of a model affect the changes in pressure of honing stones. It offers an algorithm for uninterrupted control of the honing process. The process model reliably describes the workpiece processing in sufficiently wide field and can be used for operation of CNC machine CC743.
Obtaining Intermetallic Compound Copper-Tin: Plasma Dynamic Synthesis and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Sivkov Alexander , Ivashutenko Alexander , Shanenkova Yuliya , Shanenkov Ivan , Polovinkina Yuliya
Published: July 2017

The intermetallic compound tin-copper (Cu-Sn) is widely used in the creation of high-quality bearings, electric conductive lubricants, 3D printers. However, when connecting two metals, the bond between atoms in the lattice becomes covalent or ionic. This leads to the fact that the material becomes more brittle. Additionally, the production of intermetallic compounds is cost-based in terms of both material resources and money. In this paper, the ceramics has been sintered based on the intermetallic copper-tin powders, obtained by plasma dynamic method. The raw powdered materials based on Cu-Sn were obtained using a coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator with copper electrodes by adding the crushed tin into the accelerator. Using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, the presence of such phases as copper Cu and tin-copper Cu41Sn11 in the obtained material has been confirmed. Further, such-synthesized powdered products were used to obtain bulk samples using the spark plasma sintering technology at various sintering parameters. Images from scanning electron microscope showed a uniform sintering of the product at the sintering temperature of 440 °C under a pressure of 60 MPa. It was found that the sintered intermetallic ceramics has the Vickers hardness equal to 120 Hv. The obtained sample has the lower friction coefficient and the smaller wear area in comparison with the sample, made of pure copper.
Split Cutter Method for Contact Stresses Research over Flank Surface of a Cutter
Authors: Kozlov Victor , Zhang Jia Yu , Cui Jian , Bogolyubova Maria
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a method for of contact load (stress) research over a flank land of a cutter by a “split cutter” (sectional cutter) method which is more preferable in cutting steels and durable materials in industrial cutting mode. The research of contact stresses distribution over surfaces of a cutter must be carried out on the special rigid four-component dynamometer for the “split cutter” with inspection of total components of cutting force Pz and Py. However, the investigation of contact loads distribution over the flank land faces the problem due to elastic deformation of measuring elements and penetration of work material into a slit between the two parts of the “split cutter”. The research of contact stresses distribution over a face of a cutter should be carried out on a lathe with horizontal radial feed, while the research of contact stresses distribution over a flank land should be done on a horizontal-milling machine with vertical radial feed of a table. The distributions of contact stresses over the flank land of the cutter in free orthogonal turning of a disk made from ductile brass (63Cu-37Zn), brittle brass (57Cu-39Zn-1Al-3Mn) are described. In machining ductile brass with formation of a continuous chip, extreme pattern of normal σh and tangential τh contact stresses epures (curves of distribution) over a flank land is observed, i.e. the highest contact stress is at some distance from the cutting edge. In machining brittle brass with formation of a discontinuous chip, the highest contact stress is observed, on the contrary, near the cutting edge. The character of normal contact stresses over a flank-land depends on the type of the chip formation due to a sag of the transient surface under the act of a radial component of the cutting force on the rake surface.
The Structure and Mechanical Properties of VT23 Welded Joints with Surface Layer Modified by Ultrasonic Mechanical Forging
Authors: Smirnova Anastasia , Pochivalov Yury , Panin Victor , Orishich Anatoly , Malikov Aleksandr G. , Fomin Vasily , Gorbunov Anton
Published: July 2017

The structure and mechanical properties of welded joints of VT23 titanium alloy received by method of laser welding after modifying the surface layers by ultrasonic mechanical forging (Treatment 1 and Treatment 2) were investigated. The experimental tests have revealed that the Treatment 2 provides a multiple increase in the relaxation property in fatigue life test. The formation of nonuniform distribution of vanadium, chromium and molybdenum in the welded joint increases the strength and, at the same time, the brittleness of β-phase. Mechanical treatment of the surface layers in the second mode provides a multiple increase in ductility up to 13%, in the as-received condition up to 9.9%. In consequence of plastic deformation, the β-phase intensity reduces twice with Treatment 2 which is related to its clustering. As follows from a presented data, the fatigue life of the VT23 titanium alloy has increased more than threefold.
Performance Characteristics of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with YSZ/CGO Electrolyte
Authors: Kovalchuk Anastasya N. , Lebedinskiy Alexey M. , Solovyev Andrey A. , Ionov Igor V. , Smolyanskiy Egor A. , Shipilova Anna V. , Lauk Alexander L. , Rombaeva Maiya R.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the results of performance evaluation of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with magnetron sputtered YSZ/CGO bilayer electrolyte, and composite LSCF-CGO cathode. Deposition of the YSZ/CGO electrolyte with the thickness of up to 14 microns was performed on the commercial anode substrates with dimensions of 5×5 cm2. The LSCF-CGO cathode of the fuel cells was formed by the screen-printing method. The microstructure of the YSZ/CGO bilayer electrolyte and LSCF-CGO cathode was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Comparison of the fuel cells performance with different thicknesses of the YSZ and CGO layers was carried out by measuring current-voltage and power characteristics, and also by testing the long-term stability of cell power at the temperature of 750 °C and voltage of 0.7 V.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Graphite Electrode Based on Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Perevezentseva Daria , Gorchakov Eduard V. , Fedotova Daria , Bimatov Vladimir , Triphonova Evgenya
Published: July 2017

It was established that the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an equimolar ratio have the highest electrochemical activity on a graphite electrode (GE) surface in an alkaline medium. The electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism of hydrogen peroxide on the GE surface was proposed. We detected an additional maximum at E = 0.3 V on the cathodic branch of the cyclic curve in the potential range from +2.0 to -1.0 V. The appearance of this maximum indicates the reduction of hydrogen peroxide generated during AgNPs electrooxidation in the potential range from -1.0 to +2.0 V.
The Porous Structure Characterization of Products of Non-Equilibrium Electrochemical Oxidation of Copper and Cadmium
Authors: Dolinina Alesya , Korobochkin Valery , Usoltseva Natalya , Frolova Irina , Popov Maksim , Popova Evgeniya , Kozik Vladimir
Published: July 2017

The porous structure of copper-cadmium oxide system produced by electrochemical synthesis using alternating current in ammonium chloride solutions with concentrations of 3 and 25 wt% was studied. It was shown that the composition of electrolysis products is represented by oxides of copper (I) and (II), hydroxides of cadmium; it depends on the current density and the solution concentration. The products of joint electrochemical oxidation of copper and cadmium obtained in ammonium chloride solution with concentrations of 3 and 25 wt% and current densities of 1 and 3 A/cm2 are characterized by mesoporous structure.
Polymer Membranes for Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Authors: Dyussembekova Akbota , Sokhoreva Valentina
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to improve the kinetics of styrene monomer accumulation in polyvinylidene fluoride films with radiation-chemical grafting of styrene monomer. The work has proved that the degree of grafting depends on the absorbed dose of helium ions, temperature and composition of the grafting solution.
The Oxidative Destruction of Substandard Tributyl Phosphate Organic Solutions under Mild Conditions
Authors: Volgina Tatyana , Posvyashchennaya Anzhelika , Frantcuzskaia Evgeniia
Published: July 2017

The liquid-phase oxidative destruction of 30% solution of tributyl рhosphate in kerosene has been carried out under the action of oxidants generated by the electrical current which has been passed through 40% aqueous solutions of the sulfuric acid under atmospheric pressure and at temperature of 50 °C. Tributyl phosphate and its solvent have been partly destroyed due to the electrochemical processes on the lead electrodes, however, a large part of components has been subjected to deep oxidation in the volume of electrolyte. As a result of oxidation, the following final products have been formed: phosphoric acid, mono- and dicarboxylic acids, carbon dioxide and water.
The Electrochemical Method of Oil-Contaminated Soil Remediation
Authors: Pryanichnikova Valeria V. , Shulaev N.S. , Bykovsky Nikolay Alekseevich , Kadyrov Ramil R.
Published: July 2017

In the present article, the experimental research of electrochemical cleaning of oil-contaminated soil is provided. The decrease of oil concentration in the soil from 1100 mg/kg down to 250 mg/kg at the current density in the range from 22 A/m2 to 174 A/m2 during 90 minutes is shown. It has been established that there is the limit amount of charge required for effective cleaning, which amounted to 0.96·107 coulombs per kilogram of oil. The electrodes placement variant for the proposed method realization in real conditions is described. It is shown that at a voltage between the electrodes about 18 V and the cleaning efficiency of 77% the energy consumption will be 173 MJ/kg of oil.
Electrochemical Recycling of Still Waste Liquid in Ammonia Soda Production
Authors: Bykovsky Nikolay Alekseevich , Rahman Pavel Azizurovich , Puchkova Lyudmila Nikolaevna , Fanakova Nadezhda Nikolaevna
Published: July 2017

This scientific paper deals with the waste recycling process of soda ash production which comprised processing the still waste liquid with obtaining calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. Still waste liquid was treated with sodium hydroxide to transform calcium as fully as possible into insoluble form of calcium hydroxide. After detachment of precipitate, the filtrate consisting mainly of sodium chloride was treated by a three-compartment membrane cell. Authors have examined the main regularities of still waste liquid recycling on the basis of the specified method. It has been shown that the process can be organized without the use of chemicals.
Study of Antigenic Activity of Experimental Samples of the Conjugated Vaccines Based on Synthetic Oligosaccharide Ligands and CRM197 Carrier Protein against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Bogomolova Elena G. , Ishchuk Sergey A. , Dobrovolskaya Olga A. , Fedorova Ekaterina A. , Dukhovlinov Ilya V. , Simbirtsev Andrey S.
Published: July 2017

By now there is no effective treatment for a number of socially significant bacterial and fungal diseases. β-(1→3)-glucans are the principal components of the cell wall of fungi, including Candida albicans, Aspergillusfumigatus and other. At the same time, β-(1→3)-glucans are absent in mammals and man, that makes them promising components of carbohydrate-protein conjugated vaccines for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections. Alginic acid, constructed of β-(1→ 4)-linked mannuronic acid are extracellular polysaccharides produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The protein CRM197 is a non toxic derivative of diphtheria toxin, which is widely used as a safe carrier in conjugated vaccines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antigenic activity of experimental samples of the conjugated vaccines based on synthetic oligosaccharide ligands and CRM197 carrier protein in the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two-time immunization Balb/c mice with experimental samples of the conjugated vaccines induced the formation of high titers of specific antibodies. High antibody’s avidity to their oligosaccharide ligands was shown in competitive ELISA. These data suggest the relevance of further preclinical trials of the conjugated antifungal vaccine against Candida and Aspergillus and antibacterial vaccine against Pseudomonas.
Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for the Acetylation of Camphene
Authors: Popova Svetlana A. , Chukicheva Irina Yu.
Published: July 2017

[bnmim]HSO4 and [bnpy]HSO4 are active and environmentally friendly catalysts for the acetylation of camphene with acetic acid. The reaction provides isobornyl acetate with 100% selectivity and 72-86% yield. The effect of temperature, molar ratio camphene/acetic acid, and catalyst loading were investigated. The catalyst can be reused four times without loss of activity. Isobornyl acetate is an important fine chemical and has been used in the field of fragrance, medicine, organic synthesis and cosmetics [1]. It is an intermediary in the synthesis of camphor [2]. Usually it is prepared by an acid-catalized reaction of camphene with acetic acid or acetic anhydride. But this process has serious drawbacks such as the corrosion of equipment, non-recyclability of the catalyst and serious environmental pollution. In the face of increasing environmental requirements, the use of such catalysts becomes unacceptable. Therefore many studies have recently focused on the development of "clean" (green) processes for the production of terpene derivatives with high selectivity. For this purpose, heteropolyacids [3, 4], zeolites [5, 6], solid acid catalysts [7, 8], ion-exchange resin [9-11] were used as catalysts for synthesizing terpene esters. However, these catalysts have drawbacks such as a large ratio of catalyst/substrate, fast deactivation and a selectivity that leaves much to be desired. In the recent years ionic liquids (IL) have been investigated by many researchers as catalysts for different reactions. Due to its low volatility, negligible vapor pressure, reasonable thermal stability, outstanding recyclability and reusability, ionic liquids may be a viable alternative to widely applicable catalysts in the processes of modern synthetic chemistry, the green chemistry [12]. The improvement of the versatility of ionic liquids was achieved by creating acidic functionalized ionic liquids and combining the properties of a reagent and solvent [13]. A number of such ionic liquids were synthesized and successfully applied in the esterification reaction [14-17]. Received that the structure of the IL cation determines the direction of the rearrangement of terpene, whereas the nature of the anion affects the selectivity of the reaction [18, 19]. In the present work, we report the acetylation of camphene with acetic acid catalyzed by imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (Scheme 1). The influence of various reaction parameters, such as the temperature, the molar ratio of camphene/acetic acid and catalyst loading, on the activity of the most active catalyst is also studied.
Microstructural Changes of Mechanical Properties of 08Cr18Ni10Ti Austenitic Steel under Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Ashimov Daniyar Esimgaliuly , Koyanbayev Erbolat Taitoleuovich , Kurbanbekov Sherzod Rustambekovich , Sitnikov Alexander , Skakov Maznyn Kanapinovich
Published: July 2017

This paper reports neutron irradiation induced effects on 08Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic steel, which is one of the structural materials of the IVG.1M research reactor. Chosen samples were stored in the beryllium displacer at two different elevation heights and the radiation dose with fast fluence of 0.4·1019 n/cm2 and 4.3·1019 n/cm2. Thorough material analysis reports changes in hardness values, plasticity and microstructure
Heat Treatment of Crushed Wood in Rotary Drum Dryers
Authors: Safin Ruslan R. , Mukhametzyanov Shamil R. , Salimgaraeva Regina V. , Beliakova Elena A.
Published: July 2017

The developed mathematical description of heat treatment of the crushed wood in rotary drum dryers, and also the results of the mathematical description of the studied process is presented in the article. The results of mathematical modeling have shown that with increase in the diameter of a drum by 3 times its length can be reduced almost by 7 times due to the increase in the relative stay time of particles in flight. It provides the best interaction of particles with the heat carrier. Increase in speed of rotation of the drum twice also allows reducing its length almost by 3 times, but at the same time energy consumption increases and crushing of raw wood materials is observed. It was established that the practical speed of the heat carrier is 0.75-2.6 m/s, which limits the drum length to no more than 8-10 meters.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Distribution in the Packed Bed Reactor with the Supply Nozzle Placed on the Sidewall
Authors: Yakovlev Igor A. , Zambalov Sergey D. , Skripnyak Vladimir A.
Published: July 2017

Flow distribution is an important process step of many technologies such as heating or cooling systems, microchannel reactors, bubble columns and fixed- or fluidized-bed reactors etc. The present work is devoted to numerical simulation of flow distribution in the pre-reactor unit of the packed bed reactor used for filtrating combustion of fuel mixtures. A special modification of the construction is considered namely the construction with a nozzle for fuel mixture supply placed on the sidewall of the apparatus. The problem formulation, the best practices and opportunities of numerical simulation of the flow distribution effect in packed bed reactors are discussed in the present paper. The length of the flow distribution zone in a wide range of mixture inlet velocity is calculated.
The Study of Technological Mode Options for Production of Oil of Required Quality
Authors: Dzhalilova Sofia , Erofeev Vladimir I.
Published: July 2017

In the recent years, due to the introduction of new Technical Regulations in the Oil and Gas Industry in 2008, high technical and environmental performance values were set to be met by production volume and by the quality of hydrocarbons and a variety of oil products coming from the fields to factory processing and trade parks. The presence of a powerful raw material base, the shortage of petroleum products and the development of market relations create objective conditions for increased use of a variety of natural hydrocarbons, for improved technological schemes of oil preparation and oil processing on the oil fields and for modernizing the equipment used. On small and remote oil fields, which for economic reasons cannot be linked by transport pipelines, a complex system of preparation of liquid hydrocarbons is used with the ultimate goal of obtaining some refined products such as gasoline, diesel fuel and furnace oil.
The Use of the Finite Element Method for Ensuring Efficient and Safe Extraction of Minerals
Authors: Ilyukhin Dmitriy , Gusev Vladimir
Published: July 2017

The development of mineral resources requires predicting its possible impact on the undermined rock mass. The aim of this work is to ensure safe and efficient extraction and minimization of losses. This article considers the problem of formation of water conducting fracture zones in terms of its predictability using the finite elements method.
Comparison of the Projected Results of Coarse Thermal Coal Cleaning in Various Gravity Separation Apparatuses
Authors: Kandinskiy Vladimir , Korolev Ivan , Udovitskiy Vladimir I.
Published: July 2017

Gravity separation is considered as the most used processing technique for thermal coal cleaning. A broad variety of methods and machines was developed for that purpose. However, the performance of those apparatus under different conditions is not the same. In this article, the results of coarse thermal coal cleaning in various equipment were simulated by means of mathematical modelling. The comparison of obtained quantitative and qualitative indicators of gravity separation showed that for processing of difficult-to-wash thermal coal the heavy medium-based processes are more favorable, whereas for more easily washable coal jigging can be efficiently used as well.
X-Ray Tomography Simulation Based on Direct Radon Transform
Authors: Ozdiev Ali
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, X-ray tomography is one of the most pertinent directions of the development of non-destructive testing methods. Besides the experimental setup to conduct the X-ray tomographic measurements, it is necessary to have stable and flexible software. In most cases, existing software packages for the reconstruction of tomographic data are not freeware. This makes tomographic experiments not flexible because of the restriction of the source code correction. This papers explains how to implement one of important parts of tomographic research, namely, experimental data simulation, which allows to test reconstruction algorithms further.
Automatized Control of Polymer Optical Parts
Authors: Glushchenko Fedor , Grishukov Timur , Vasilkov Sergey
Published: July 2017

The manufacturing of polymer optical parts is a technologically complicated process because of a high precision of optical surfaces. Every responsible part has to be checked for homogeneity due to its high effect on optical properties. Thus, the creation of an area for automatized part control after injection molding is a pertinent goal. The study has applied the concept “Industry 4.0” to create a model of automatized area for polymer lens control. A photoelasticity control method for photosensitive materials was chosen.
The Use of Electromagnetic-Acoustic Method for Estimating the Stress-Strain State of the Metallic Elements of Power Equipment
Authors: Khusnutdinova Ilvina  Gamirovna , Bashirov Musa Gumerovich
Published: July 2017

As the title implies the article deals with the problem of stress-strain assessment of metallic elements in power-generating equipment. An electromagnetic-acoustical method is proposed to test and diagnose the technical condition of power apparatuses. It is stressed that the transfer function is an integral parameter that makes it possible to assess the condition of metal in a unit under test. The studies established the relationship between the quantitative values of polynomial roots of the transfer function in the system “a unit under test - electromagnetic acoustic transducer” and the level of the stress-strain state of metal.
The Optimization of Parameters of a Technological Tank Battery for Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Authors: Medvedeva Oksana , Bessonova Nadezhda
Published: July 2017

Fuel-power supply systems are priority areas of engineering services. They account for large capital investments and costs of energy resources. An energy supply system based on LPG provides a high level of diversification and autonomy. This article presents recommendations for determining the basic technological parameters of liquefied petroleum gas tanks. The recommendation are intended to improve the efficiency of the tanks. The economic-mathematical model of optimizing underground tanks considers own evaporative capacity of tanks, their mutual thermal effect, as well as the temporal dynamics and unstable cost factors. The model allows for revealing the optimum technological parameters of installations: a single tank volume, the number of tanks in a group installation, the calculated level of gas tanks fill up before next refueling, depending on the volume of gas consumption.
Use of Acoustic Parameter Measurements for Evaluating the Reliability Criteria of Machine Parts and Metalwork
Authors: Barannikova Svetlana , Lunev Alexey , Li Julia , Zuev Lev
Published: July 2017

A new method for non-destructive evaluation of the mechanical properties of structural materials has been developed. This is based on measurements of the ultrasound propagation velocity in deforming materials. Preliminarily investigations were carried out in order to relate the ultrasound propagation velocity to the mechanical characteristics of the deforming material. A detailed description of suitable devices intended for ultrasound propagation velocity measurement with high accuracy is presented. Using Zr-based alloys as an example, it is shown that the method can be used for the monitoring of zirconium billets from which nuclear reactor fuel cladding is fabricated by cold rolling.
Pre-Treatment of Vegetable Waste in the Production of Composite Materials
Authors: Safin Ruslan R. , Nazipova Farida V. , Mukhametzyanov Shamil R. , Voronin Alexander E.
Published: July 2017

Currently, the use of technogenic raw materials, including wood waste is one of the trends in manufacturing of building materials. This is due to the limited resources, the need for long-distance transportation, the high material and energy cost of some technological processes of raw materials extraction and processing. All of them greatly hamper the development of the industry of building materials based on natural resources. Different cellulosic fillers of vegetable origin are used for the production of wood-cement compositions at the moment. Organic fillers along with the inherent valuable properties have a number of specific properties which have a significant effect on the processes of structure formation, structural-mechanical and construction properties of composites. The results of the research of the processes of water-soluble components removal from raw wood material are presented in the article. Processing of raw wood material was carried out in water and weak alkali solution in the research process. It is established that additional ultrasonic treatment considerably intensifies and increases the extraction of water-soluble sugars. The conducted research shows the possibility of improving the composite wood materials manufacturing technology with the aim of improving their performance without significant capital investments.
Contact Melting Mechanism in the Cu-Ti System
Authors: Shmorgun Victor Georgievich , Slautin Oleg V. , Evstropov Dmitriy Anatloyevich , Kulevich Vitaliy  Pavlovich
Published: July 2017

A mechanism for the formation of the interaction zone at the interlayer interface of the explosively welded Cu-Ti system composite is proposed and experimentally proved; the heat treatment was performed under a contact melting regime.
Influence of Compression Load and Counterface Roughness on Abrasive Wear Characteristic of UHMWPE
Authors: Sonjaitham Narongrit , Puangmalee Noppanuch
Published: July 2017

This paper studies the influence of work conditions, difference compression load and counterface roughness, on UHMWPE under abrasive wear test without lubrication according to GOST 426-77. It was found that the formation of deep and wide furrows on worn surface and abrasive intensity increased when the number of grit grade was decreased (average grit size increase). The behavior of abrasive wear can be classified as follows: the first characteristic volume loss quickly increases in the beginning of running time about 5-15 minutes, which is referred to as “run-in” wearing stage; the second characteristic volume loss regularly increases after running time about 15 minutes, which is approaching to “steady-state” wearing stage. In addition, the abrasive wear intensity increase with increasing compression load and/or decreasing number of grit grade (average grit size increase). The results of this research can be applied to abrasive applications in mechanical engineering.
Analysis of Statistical Characteristics of Quasi-Breather with Soft-Type of Nonlinearity in the Crystals of A3B Stoichiometry
Authors: Zakharov Pavel V. , Eremin Alexandr M. , Starostenkov Mikhail D. , Lucenko Ivan S.
Published: July 2017

The research of quasi-breather statistical characteristics in the model crystal of A3B stoichiometry is conducted by means of molecular dynamics method in the paper by the example of Pt3Al. The phonon spectrum of this model crystal, the dependences of mean-square deviation, the coefficient of variation and the average frequency of the model quasi-breather on the time of its existence are obtained. The statistical data analysis allows for the conclusion that a quasi-breather model solution slightly differs from the exact breather corresponding to it in the model under consideration using the interatomic potential obtained by means of embedded atom method (EAM).
Evaluation of Physicomechanical Properties of Ti-45Nb Specimens Obtained by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Kovalevskaya Zhanna G. , Khimich Margarita , Belyakov Andrey V.
Published: July 2017

Porosity, values of nanohardness and Young’s modulus of the specimens obtained with the method of selective laser melting were measured with optical methods, scanning electron microscopy and Nano Hardness Tester NHT-S-AX-000X device for measuring physicomechanical properties. Ti-45wt%Nb powder obtained with mechanical alloying was used for selective laser melting. The results have shown that increased heat input due to the laser power growth up to 80 W and scanning speed decrease down to 40 mm/s decreases the porosity of the specimen. The nanohardness average value is not sensitive to the changes of scanning modes in the investigated range. The Young’s modulus decreases with energy input increase.
Did fiscal consolidation cause the double-dip recession in the euro area?
Authors: Heimberger Philipp
Published: July 2017

This paper analyses the short-run effects of fiscal consolidation measures on economic activity in the euro area during the euro crisis. It presents new econometric estimates on the link between cumulative GDP growth and fiscal austerity measures during 2011–2013. The main empirical finding is that the depth of the economic crisis in the euro area's economies is closely related to the harshness of fiscal austerity. Cumulative multiplier estimates are found to vary in a range from 1.4 to 2.1, depending on the data source used to identify the intensity of fiscal consolidation. Given these multiplier values, a reasonable approximation of the size of the output losses due to fiscal austerity in the euro area during 2011–2013 is in the range of 5.5 to 8.4 percent of GDP. Against the background of the prevailing macroeconomic and institutional circumstances, fiscal consolidation is argued to be the cause of the double-dip recession.
Estimating the effects of aerosol, cloud, and water vapor on the
recent brightening in India during the monsoon season
Authors: Mao Feiyue , Pan Zengxin , Wang Wei , Lu Xin , Gong Wei
Published: July 2017

Abstract. India is experiencing a leveling-off trend of solar radiation, even a transition from dimming to brightening. This process is significantly complicated because of the active atmospheric action during monsoon season. In this study, we use observations from multiple sensors in the A-Train satellite constellation to evaluate the effects of aerosol, cloud, and water vapor variations on recent changes of solar radiation during monsoon season (June–September) in India from 2006 to 2015. The results show that the increase in aerosol optical depth is paradoxical with the variation of surface shortwave radiation in India. Instead, the decreases in water vapor amount and clouds significantly contribute to the brightening, further affecting the surface warming in India. In general, clouds are reduced and thinned by approximately 9.4 % and 182 m when cloud water path (by 53.4 g m−2) and particle number concentration in cloud-sky condition decrease. The corresponding change of clouds weakens the shortwave cloud radiative effect in surface by approximately 45.5 W m−2. Moreover, the precipitable water in clear-sky decreases by approximately 3.0 mm over the brightening period. Consequently, solar brightening increases by roughly 2.8 W m−2 owing to its weakened absorption. Overall, the decreases in water vapor and clouds result in the increased absorption of direct solar radiation in surface and subsequent surface brightening.
The HIRLAM fast radiation scheme for mesoscale numerical weather prediction models
Authors: Rontu Laura , Gleeson Emily , Räisänen Petri , Pagh Nielsen Kristian , Savijärvi Hannu , Hansen Sass Bent
Published: July 2017

Abstract. This paper provides an overview of the HLRADIA shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) broadband radiation schemes used in the HIRLAM numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and available in the HARMONIE-AROME mesoscale NWP model. The advantage of broadband, over spectral, schemes is that they can be called more frequently within the model, without compromising on computational efficiency. In mesoscale models fast interactions between clouds and radiation and the surface and radiation can be of greater importance than accounting for the spectral details of clear-sky radiation; thus calling the routines more frequently can be of greater benefit than the deterioration due to loss of spectral details. Fast but physically based radiation parametrizations are expected to be valuable for high-resolution ensemble forecasting, because as well as the speed of their execution, they may provide realistic physical perturbations. Results from single-column diagnostic experiments based on CIRC benchmark cases and an evaluation of 10 years of radiation output from the FMI operational archive of HIRLAM forecasts indicate that HLRADIA performs sufficiently well with respect to the clear-sky downwelling SW and longwave LW fluxes at the surface. In general, HLRADIA tends to overestimate surface fluxes, with the exception of LW fluxes under cold and dry conditions. The most obvious overestimation of the surface SW flux was seen in the cloudy cases in the 10-year comparison; this bias may be related to using a cloud inhomogeneity correction, which was too large. According to the CIRC comparisons, the outgoing LW and SW fluxes at the top of atmosphere are mostly overestimated by HLRADIA and the net LW flux is underestimated above clouds. The absorption of SW radiation by the atmosphere seems to be underestimated and LW absorption seems to be overestimated. Despite these issues, the overall results are satisfying and work on the improvement of HLRADIA for the use in HARMONIE-AROME NWP system is ongoing. In a HARMONIE-AROME 3-D forecast experiment we have shown that the frequency of the call for the radiation parametrization and choice of the parametrization scheme makes a difference to the surface radiation fluxes and changes the spatial distribution of the vertically integrated cloud cover and precipitation.