bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adenomyosis: correlating clinical suspicion with histopathological diagnosis in a retrospective study
Authors: Kamal Preet , Bala Ripan , Nagpal Madhu , Kaur Harleen
Published: November 2019

Background: Adenomyosis and leiomyoma are the common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). In this study it is aimed to evaluate the correlation of clinical and histopathological examination (HPE) of these entities leading to abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on hysterectomy specimens of subjects who presented themselves in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of medical sciences and research, Amritsar with chief complaints of AUB not responding to conservative treatment.Results: A total of 100 women with clinical diagnosis of AUB in which hysterectomies were performed, leiomyoma was found in 42% cases, adenomyosis in 22% cases. The most frequent combination of diagnosis was leiomyoma and adenomyosis i.e. 26%. In 9% cases chronic cervicitis and ovarian cyst were detected. In one case endometrial malignancy was found.Conclusions: Though adenomyosis and leiomyoma are clinically diagnosed along with other pathological conditions of the reproductive organs but their confirmation is still to be relied upon HPE; a most important investigation.
Manual anal dilatation for the treatment of chronic anal fissures: our experience
Authors: Habeeb Mohammed Kashif , Habeeb Mohammed Wasif
Published: November 2019

Background: In this study we aim to present our experience in managing chronic anal fissures by manual anal dilatation in order to clarify whether this method is still viable in a modern surgical setup.Methods: A total of 55 patients who underwent manual anal dilatation for chronic anal fissures from March 2016 till March 2017 were studied prospectively.Results: 43 of the 55 patients were male and 12 were female (male: female=3.58: 1), aged between 20 to 60 years. The fissure was posterior at 6 o'clock position in 44 patients (80%) and anterior at 12 o'clock position in 8 patients (14.5%). Mean duration of hospital stay was 1.5 days. At the end of 6 weeks post op, only 37 patients (67.3%) were symptom free with the remaining 18 patients (32.7%) having complications. Among the complications, the commonest was ulcer persistence in 12 patients (21.8%). 3 patients had incontinence for flatus (5.5%), 2 had recurrence of ulcer (3.6%) and 1 had incontinence for faeces (1.8%). Mortality was 0%.Conclusions: Anal fissure is a common benign ano-rectal condition. Once chronicity is established, it is difficult to treat and almost always warrants surgical management. Although manual anal dilatation is a simple and easy procedure, it is associated with significant rates of complication. For long term definitive treatment, manual anal dilatation should be abandoned completely in favour of other surgical techniques like lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy.
For the Nation and the World: Malcolm Cowley, the Making of American Literature and the Cultural Cold War
Authors: Bak Hans
Published: November 2019

In this essay I examine the extent to which Malcolm Cowley’s mid-century efforts on behalf of ‘the making of American literature’ – as critic, editor, publisher’s advisor and literary gatekeeper – dovetailed with the aims of U.S. cultural diplomacy and (wittingly or unwittingly) played a part in the ‘cultural Cold War’. I analyze in particular ‘American Books Abroad’, Cowley’s concluding chapter to Literary History of the United States (1948), and examine his role as guest editor and critic of the Autumn 1953 issue of Perspectives USA, a quarterly launched by James Laughlin of New Directions and funded by the Ford Foundation. The latter aimed to correct a widespread European perception of American culture as imperialist and steeped in mass entertainment, by demonstrating it was at least as highbrow and distinguished as the best of Europe – and an effective beacon of individual freedom against totalitarian communism.
THINK-ALOUD PROTOCOLS, EYE-TRACKING AND KEY-LOGGING IN IDENTIFICATION AND ADDRESSING TRANSLATION CHALLENGES
Authors: Bulatovna Garipova Alina , Rastamovich Latypov Niyaz
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The research is focused on studying the translation process using the methods of allied sciences for improving a translation end product. This article deals with the identification of the most challenging prospective translation difficulties and analysis of the main macro- and micro strategies of translation on the basis of conducted experiments with combination of eye-tracking and think-aloud protocols and an experiment using keystroke logging. In the article we also make an attempt to undercover the basic principles which influence decision-making.

Methodology: Conclusions based on the results of the study have both theoretical and practical implications. The theoretical significance of the research is expressed with the summarizing of the main translation difficulties and translation strategies of the tested. It was also revealed that the translation difficulty is not always predictable and is not always explained theoretically. As a result of the experiments the theory of H. Krings on 3 stages of translation Micro Strategy has been confirmed. Finally, the analysis of the experiments made it possible to determine the factors influencing a particular translation solution: grammatical, contextual and stylistic accuracy and euphony of the translation end product.

Results: Regarding the first experiment, TAPs required a voice recorder, and respectively, eye-tracking assumed the usage of eye-tracker, procured by the Laboratory of Small Computer Engineering of Kazan Federal University. As equipment for the second experiment, we used a laptop with a loaded keystroke logging program recording each keystroke, as well as the time intervals between these presses. In this case, the task of the tested was to submit a written translation of the given text.

Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Think-Aloud Protocols, Eye-Tracking, and Key-Logging in Identification and Addressing Translation Challenges are presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY BINDING FEDERAL EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY OFFICIALS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Albertovich Gafurov Azat
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The article analyzes constitutional and legal responsibility binding federal executive authority officials of the Russian Federation: federal ministers, heads of federal services and agencies. Special attention is paid to features of entrenching responsibility of the specified persons in the Russian legislation.

Methodology: On the basis of such an analysis, on the example of the legislation of the Russian Federation, authors investigate problematic aspects of legal regulation and responsibility. The authors raise the questions connected with the lack of specific entrenchment of the legal status born by officials. Presently it remains unclear whether equating the constitutional legal status of the federal services and agencies officials with the status of the federal ministers and identification of responsibility is guaranteed.

Results: Authors formulate a conclusion that constitutional and legal responsibility of federal executive authority officials is a voluminous yet scarcely studied legal phenomenon that does not possess sufficient legislative regulation.

Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Constitutional and legal responsibility binding federal executive authority officials in the Russian Federation is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
TOTALITARIAN AND KAZAKH LITERARY CRITICISM
Authors: Takirov Sarzhan , Zharylgapov Zhansaya , Rustemova Zhanar , Syzdykova Bibi , Zhumageldin Zhanaidar
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The article deals with the urgent problems of Kazakh literary criticism of the forties of the twentieth century. Tracked artistic processes of a specified period and impact on artistic nature of the writers of the totalitarian system

Methodology: Investigations which only started in Kazakh literary studies, under the ground of contradicting with Marxism-Leninism outlook, were considered wrong, and remarkable poets and writers, scientists and literary scholars were subjected to repression, besides national criticism and literary studies turned into a familiar ideological bludgeon. Due to this reason, criticism, and literary studies, even being guided by Marxism-Leninism methodology, was forced to deal with serious issues which time presented with them; denying the way they had paved, they had to work with investigations in a new direction. It is important to note that national literary studies, particularly literary criticism, overcoming hardships of ideological grip, which brought huge grief of burden in 1937-38, in 1940 stepped ahead on the way of formation and improvement.

Result: The authors of the article examine genre originality of literary criticism. However, we consider in detail such types as a challenging article, a polemic article, literary review and others.

Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Totalitarian and Kazakh literary criticism is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Soil Acidity and its Management Options in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Sisay Golla Aboytu
Published: November 2019

Soil acidity is one of the chemical soil degradation problems which affect soil productivity in the Ethiopian highlands. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. Soil acidity is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands (cultivated lands) and is getting an increase. Farmers require simple and sustainable techniques to amend acid soils and improve yields of crops of their choices. Recommendations on reclamation of acid soils need to change with new developments, such as liming, use of acid-tolerant crop varieties, integrated soil fertility management, and using of organic fertilizers. Liming has played an important role in raising soil pH and enhancing crop productivity. In Ethiopia, the gap between potential and actual yield is very wide because of soil acidity and associated nutrient availability. Acidic soils are not responsive to the application of inorganic fertilizers without amendments-it is simply wastage of resources. Thus, developing effective and efficient acid soil management practices is indispensable for enhancing crop productivity and thereby sustaining yield gains. This review focuses on the causes and managements of soil acidity and its subsequent effect on soil fertility and crop yield. It also provides important information on management options to amend soil acidity and improve the entire fertility of soils, and other organic amendments that can be applied to remedy soil acidity to the desired pH level and improve soil quality. Integrated acid soil management enhances the stability of yields and maximizes nutrient use efficiency.
Adoção de “Gestão Estratégica” por uma empresa distribuidora de derivados de petróleo
Authors: Felipe Luciano Maldonado , Rojo Claudio Antonio
Published: November 2019

A perenidade das organizações somente é possível com a adoção de ferramentas e técnicas de administração adequadas, capazes de responder rapidamente às mudanças e necessidades do mercado. Em razão disso, teve-se o objetivo de explorar as características da gestão de uma empresa distribuidora de derivados de petróleo com vistas à adoção de uma “gestão estratégica”, sob o método relato técnico-científico. Durante o estudo, constatou-se que a gestão realizada por alguns dos socioproprietários fundadores não conta com ferramentas e técnicas que permitam que sucessores ou outros colaboradores possam atuar sem a participação destes e inovem frente às mudanças do mercado. Diante das constatações, duas intervenções foram propostas: a adoção de um modelo de desempenho organizacional com uso de diversos indicadores de gestão, e o uso da ferramenta Canvas, a qual permite descrever, analisar e projetar modelos de negócios relacionados ou não com algum tipo de estratégia ou gerenciamento já realizado, ambas aplicadas conferindo à empresa uma “gestão estratégia”.
The features of crystalline basement fields development
Authors: Zakirov Sumbat N. , Utoplennikov Vladimir K. , Zakirov Ernest S.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to research and development of deposits in granitoid reservoirs. The basis is the analysis of the development of the unique White Tiger field. Positive and negative experience in the development of this field deserves attention, for example, for the fields of the Timan-Pechora basement and other oil and gas provinces. Particular attention is paid to geological and geophysical, fluid studies of wells, the results of the operation of wells and reservoirs in general. Considerable difficulties are created when creating 3D geological and hydrodynamic models of deposits in granitoid reservoirs. As a result, there is a need for new laboratory and downhole research and the creation of laboratory and other equipment. It is concluded that for research and development of deposits with granitoid reservoirs, experience in the development of conventional deposits is not enough. A number of relevant recommendations are proposed.
Characterization of mesenchymal heart cells obtained from patients with tetralogy of Fallot and ventricular septal defect
Authors: Kozyrev I. A. , Golovkin A. S. , Ignatieva E. S. , Dokshin P. M. , Grekhov E. V. , Gordeev M. L. , Pervunina T. M. , Kostareva A A. , Malashicheva A. B.
Published: November 2019

Objective. Phenotypic analysis of cardiac mesenchymal cells from patients with a ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot.

Methods. The study included cardiac mesenchymal cells from 8 patients with ventricular septal defect and from 18 patients with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent surgery. Using the flow cytometry method, the content of the following antigens on the cell surface was evaluated: CD31, CD34, CD90, CD117, CD146, CD166, PDGFRB.

Results. Cardiac mesenchymal cells from patients with ventricular septal defect are statistically significantly different from patients with tetralogy of Fallot in surface markers CD90 and PDGFRB. The content of a stem cell marker PDGFRB tends to decrease with age in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.

Conclusion. The cells obtained from myocardial tissue from patients with tetralogy of Fallot and from patients with ventricular septal defects have characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. The differences found between the cells from the two groups of patients indicate that pathology can affect the phenotype of cardiac mesenchymal cells. Apparently, the stem properties of the mesenchymal heart cells tend to decrease with age.
Ar-Ge Harcamaları ve Büyüme: Türkiye Tarım Sektörü Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma
Authors: PAKDEMİRLİ Bekir
Published: November 2019

Araştırma ve geliştirme
(Ar-Ge) harcamaları
inovasyonda, verimliliğin arttırılmasında ve ekonomik büyümede önemli bir rol
oynamaktadır. Tarımsal üretimde de kalite ve verimliliği arttırmak için kamu ve
özel sektör tarafından Ar-Ge harcamaları yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; dünyada
ve Türkiye’de tarımsal Ar-Ge harcamalarının mevcut durumunun ortaya konması, ayrıca
Türkiye tarım sektöründe yapılan Ar-Ge harcamaları ve tarımsal hasıla
arasındaki ilişkinin Granger nedensellik testi ile 2003-2017 yılları verileri kullanılarak
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, tarımsal Ar-Ge harcamaları ve
tarımsal hasıla arasında iki yönlü bir nedensellik bulgusunu ortaya
koymaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, Ar-Ge harcamaları tarımsal hasılayı, tarımsal
hasıla da Ar-Ge harcamalarını olumlu olarak etkilemektedir.
Sproul, R. C. Defending Your Faith: An Introduction to Apologetics
Authors: Saragih Tiur M.O.
Published: November 2019

Sproul, R. C. Defending Your Faith: An Introduction to Apologetics. Wheaton: Crossway, 2009. 208 pages. $10.99.
Peran Sosial Gereja Menurut Barth dan Moltmann [The Social Role of the Church according to Barth and Moltmann]
Authors: Gurning Edy J. P.
Published: November 2019

The ideology of the nation Indonesian is Pancasila. Within this ideology Pancasila, the state ensures religious freedom practices and provides space for religion to play a role in carrying out justice and peace in society. Particularly in the post-secular era, the role of religion becomes more significant. Post-secularism provides an active not passive and greater role for religion in presenting its social role. Christianity, as one of the religions in Indonesia, is also urged to participate in playing its social roles. Based on the characteristic Indonesian context, the social role of the church initiated by Karl Barth is far better to be employed in Indonesia than the social role of the church initiated by Jurgen Moltmann.
Performance of Intergrowth 21st Growth Charts in the Diagnosis of Small and Large for Gestational Age in Term and Preterm Newborns
Authors: Marques Bárbara , Martins Rosa , Rodrigues Teresa , Oliveira Graça , Abrantes Margarida
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Birth weight is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with chronic diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the use of Intergrowth 21st instead of the Fenton & Kim 2013 growth charts in the diagnosis of small and large for gestational age in a group of Portuguese newborns.Material and Methods: We conducted an analytical and retrospective study to evaluate birth weight of term and preterm newborns using both growth charts. Groups studied: ‘Term-weeks’ and ‘Term-days’ (term newborns with gestational age in weeks and days, respectively), ‘Preterm-weeks’ and ‘Preterm-days’ (preterm newborns with gestational age in weeks and days, respectively).Results: A total of 14 056 newborns were included, 6% preterm. Using the Intergrowth 21st growth charts, the groups ‘Term-weeks’ (n = 12 081), ‘Term-days’ (n = 1118), ‘Preterm-weeks’ (n = 617) and ‘Preterm-days’ (n = 240), classified as small for gestational age according to the Fenton & Kim 2013 growth charts were adequate for gestational age in 52.8%, 57.8%, 37.7% and 9.3% respectively; and 9.2%, 9.2%, 5.9% and 0.6% of adequate for gestational age newborns were large for gestational age, respectively. In the ‘Pretermdays’ group, 7.9% of adequate for gestational age newborns were small for gestational age and 22.2% of large for gestational age newborns were adequate for gestational age, all with gestational age below 231 days.Discussion: The use of the Intergrowth 21st growth charts in this sample resulted in a lower number of newborns being classified as small for gestational age, except in very preterm newborns.Conclusion: Considering the results obtained, we suggest that Portuguese maternity hospitals use the Intergrowth 21st instead of the Fenton & Kim 2013 growth charts. However, more studies are needed to confirm these results.
Ex-vivo Surgical Repair of a Renal Artery Aneurysm with Kidney Autotransplantation
Authors: Sobrinho Gonçalo , Ministro Augusto , Silva Artur , Pedro Luís
Published: November 2019

Renal artery aneurysms are rare. They are most commonly degenerative, congenital or due to medial fibroplasia. Proximal aneurysms can be repaired by endovascular and in-situ surgical techniques. However, aneurysms of the distal renal artery and its branches require ex-vivo surgical repair, also known as auto-transplantation: the kidney is removed, dissected and reconstructed in cold ischemia, and put back in place. A 69-year-old woman, with hypertension, presented with bilateral renal artery aneurysms with a diameter of 3.4 cm on the right kidney and 1 cm on the left kidney. The right renal artery aneurysm, which was due to medial fibroplasia, was successfully repaired using the ex-vivo surgical technique. Patency was confirmed by postoperative computed tomography angiography.
Reninoma: Uma Causa Rara de Hipertensão Endócrina
Authors: Marques Bernardo , Couto Joana , Lemos Manuel C. , Rodrigues Fernando
Published: November 2019

Os tumores justa-glomerulares são causas raras de hipertensão arterial de difícil controlo e cursam habitualmente com hipocaliémia, hiperreninémia e hiperaldosteronismo secundário. Descreve-se o caso de uma doente, de 45 anos, com história pessoal de hipertensão arterial de difícil controlo associada a hipocaliémia desde os 35 anos, medicada com quatro classes de anti-hipertensores. Do estudo realizado destaca-se hiperaldosteronismo secundário [aldosterona 44,3 ng/dL (4 - 28 ng/dL), renina > 1000 mUI/mL (4,4 - 46,16 mUI/mL)] e tomografia axial computorizada, que identificou formação nodular heterogénea localizada no terço médio do rim direito, com 3,7 cm de diâmetro. Foi realizada nefrectomia parcial, cuja análise histológica confirmou o diagnóstico de reninoma. Após a cirurgia, verificou-se normalização dos doseamentos hormonais (aldosterona 9,2 ng/dL; renina 1,20 mUI/mL) e da pressão arterial. Pretende-se chamar a atenção para esta causa potencialmente curável de hipertensão arterial endócrina. A ressecção cirúrgica é o tratamento de escolha e leva à normalização da pressão arterial.
PECULIARITIES OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH ATOPY
Authors: Ponezheva L. O. , Ponezheva Zh. B. , Kupchenko A. N.
Published: November 2019

In the work identified clinical and immunological characteristics of the course of ARVI patients with atopy and assessed the clinical efficacy of transfer factor in patients with severe immune deficiency. Emphasized the role of respiratory infections as the most important triggers of exacerbations of atopy and causes more severe and prolonged course. Describes the mechanisms of how respiratory viruses potentiate chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways. The role of the causative agents of ARVI in patients with atopy deserve more practical attention towards and optimization of therapy.
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE AS THE DEBUT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Ischenko A. Yu. , Ilina E. Yu. , Bylova N. A.
Published: November 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus — a chronic autoimmune disease that is often associated with infectious processes. The paper presents two clinical cases of systemic lupus erythematosus , debuted with acute respiratory infection.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Modulated Proliferation, Cell Cycle, and Apoptotic Activity in Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Utispan Kusumawadee , Koontongkaew Sittichai
Published: November 2019

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to the progression of several cancers. MIF overexpression has been reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. However, the exact role of MIF in HNSCC is not fully understood. Our aim was to evaluate the amount of secreted MIF and the role of MIF in the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in HNSCC cell lines. The MIF levels in conditioned media from human primary (HN18 and HN30) and metastatic (HN17 and HN31) HNSCC cell lines were evaluated using ELISA. The HNSCC cell lines were treated with recombinant MIF and its effect on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptotic status was determined by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. The HNSCC-secreted MIF concentration ranged from 49.33‒860 pg/ml. Exogenous MIF (25 ng/ml) significantly increased HN18, HN30, and HN31 cell proliferation. Moreover, MIF induced cell cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis in these cells. However, MIF did not affect growth or apoptosis in HN17 cell. In conclusion, the HNSCC cell lines were evaluated secrete MIF. Exogenous MIF promotes various effects on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in HNSCC cells.
Differential Responses of Blood Essential Amino Acid Levels Following Ingestion of High Quality Plant-Based Protein Blends Compared to Whey Protein - A Double-Blind Randomized, Cross-Over, Clinical Trial
Authors: Brennan Jessica L. , Keerati-u-rai Yui M. , Yin Eva H. , Daoust Julie , Nonnotte Emilie , Quinquis Laurent , St-Denis Thierry , Bolster Douglas R.
Published: November 2019

This study assessed bio-equivalence of high-quality, plant-based protein blends versus Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) in healthy, resistance-trained men. The primary endpoint was incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of blood essential Amino Acids (eAAs) 4 hours after consumption of each product. Cmax and Tmax of blood leucine were secondary outcomes. Subjects (n=18) consumed three plant-based protein blends and WPI (control). Analysis of Variance model was used to assess for bio-equivalence of total sum of blood eAA concentrations. The total blood eAA iAUC ratios of the three blends were: [90% CI]: #1: 0.66 [0.58-0.76]; #2: 0.71 [0.62-0.82]; #3: 0.60 [0.52-0.69], not completely within the pre-defined equivalence range [0.80-1.25], indicative of 30-40% lower iAUC versus WPI. Leucine Cmax of the three blends was not equivalent to WPI, #1: 0.70 [0.67-0.73]; #2: 0.72 [0.68-0.75]; #3: 0.65 [0.62 – 0.68], indicative of a 28-35% lower response. Leucine Tmax for two blends were similar to WPI (#1: 0.94 [0.73-1.18]; #2: 1.56 [1.28-1.92]; #3: 1.19 [0.95-1.48]). The plant-based protein blends were not bio-equivalent. However, blood leucine kinetic data across the blends approximately doubled from fasting concentrations whereas blood Tmax data across two blends was similar to WPI. This suggests evidence of rapid hyperleucinemia, which correlates with a protein’s anabolic potential.
Lean-Green Manufacturing Practices and Their Link to Sustainability
Authors: Abualfaraa Wadhah , Salonitis Konstantinos , Al-Ashaab Ahmed , Ala’raj Maher
Published: November 2019

The current rapidly changing and highly competitive market has put companies under a great pressure not only to be successful, but also to sustain their success into the future. In addition, in recent years, companies have become more aware of the fact that it is no longer enough to take care of economic aspects, being crucial to also take care of environmental and social aspects in order to actually succeed and lead in the current and future markets. In this context, companies are urged to move towards more innovative manufacturing practices that maintain a healthy balance among economic, environmental and social performances, which are the three pillars of the sustainability performance. To give some insight into this issue, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is conducted in this paper regarding the current trends in the field, doing special focus on the link between lean-green manufacturing and the different sustainability aspects. The SLR concluded that lean and green implementations as stand-alone systems are usually not enough to ensure the required balance between the three pillars of sustainability, suggesting further combining them into a single approach. Researchers expect to achieve further improvements in the sustainability performance moving towards the next level of sustainability.
Large-Scale Profiling of RBP-circRNA Interactions from Public CLIP-Seq Datasets
Authors: Zhang Minzhe , Wang Tao , Xiao Guanghua , Xie Yang
Published: November 2019

Circular RNAs are a special type of RNAs which recently attracted a lot of research interest in studying its formation and function. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that bind circRNAs are important in these processes but are relatively less studied. CLIP-Seq technology has been invented and applied to profile RBP-RNA interactions on the genome-wide scale. While mRNAs are usually the focus of CLIP-Seq experiments, RBP-circRNA interactions could also be identified through specialized analysis of CLIP-Seq datasets. However, many technical difficulties are involved in this process, such as the usually short read length of CLIP-Seq reads. In this study, we created a pipeline called Clirc specialized for profiling circRNAs in CLIP-Seq data and analyzing the characteristics of RBP- circRNAs interactions. In conclusion, this is one of the first few studies to investigate circRNAs and their binding partners through repurposing CLIP-Seq datasets to our knowledge, and we hope our work will become a valuable resource for future studies into the biogenesis and function of circRNAs. Clirc software is available at https://github.com/Minzhe/Clirc
Mapping the spread of Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry at Polewali Mandar Regency, 2008-2013
Authors: Thaha Aminah Hajah , Rauf Juliawati , Bagenda Isnaniah
Published: November 2019

The spread of Avian Influenza (AI) virus have a significant impact on the decline in the bird population, economic losses, and food safety. The purpose of this study was to determine level and patterns of distribution AI in chicken at Polewali Mandar Regency, period 2008-2013. The results showed that in 2008 to 2013 cases of poultry deaths by AI has spread in 13 districts of the total 16 districts and 53 villages of the total 167 villages in Polewali Mandar Regency. It shows that 81,25% of district and 31,74% of villages in Polewali Mandar has been infected with AI.  The number of deaths of poultry caused AI period 2008 to 2013 is 49,182. The chicken that are infected native chicken, broiler, ornamental chickens (Philipin), cuckoo, rooster, and ducks. The chicken reared in backyard and commercial poultry sector 3 with the number of chicken are 10-10000. Trend increase in cases of poultry death by AI period 2008 to 2013 in Polewali Mandar generally occurs in January, February, March, July, September, November, and December.
Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol) Level in the Dorsal Skin of Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica)
Authors: Prawira Andhika Yudha , Farida Wartika Rosa , Darusman Huda Salahudin , Novelina Savitri , Agungpriyono Srihadi
Published: November 2019

Alpha tocopherol, as the most active component of Vitamine E, is identified as antioxidant present in some parts of the skin and the concentration is vary in several regions of the body due to the skin characteristic of the region. Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is one of the rodents in Indonesia with quill as its spesific skin characteristic. The porcupine quill are distributed in various shapes and sizes in body parts, while dorsal regions and the tail is the body part that has the most developed quill form. This study aimed to measure alpha tocopherol content in the dorsal region skin of male and female Sunda porcupine. The study used skin samples of thoracodorsal and lumbosacral regions of 6 adult Sunda porcupine (3 males and 3 females) and 2 frozen specimens (1 male and 1 female). Samples were prepared and processed for analysis through high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the level of tocopherol in the dorsal thoracic region of males and females was much higher than that of the lumbosacral region. The results of this study indicate the characteristics of the skin region affect the levels of alpha tocopherol in the region.
Detection of Ampicillin Resistance Encoding Gene of Escherichia coli from Chickens in Bandung and Purwakarta
Authors: Khoirani Kuntum , Indrawati Agustin , Setiyaningsih Surachmi
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to test the resistance and to detect antibiotic resistence encoding gene in E. coli bacteria from chickens in Bandung and Purwakarta livestock. 18 E. coli isolates were tested for antibiotics resistance using the disk diffusion method. Isolates that were categorized as resistant and intermediate to antibiotics, then polymerase chain reaction was utilized to detect the resistent coding gene. The test results showed that all E. coli isolates from chickens in Bandung and Purwakarta were resistant to ampicillin (100%). E. coli isolates were still sensitive to chloramphenicol (11.1%) and gentamicin (22.2%). The gene encoding for ampC resistance from the test were in the amount of 77.7%. Sensitivity test results and detection of resistance coding gene showed that almost all isolates were resistant to ampicillin antibiotics and E. coli isolates were still sensitive to chlorampenicol and gentamicin.
Combination Effect of Golden Snail Powder and Fermented Coconut Cake on Quality of Duck Eggs
Authors: Syaharuddin Nurmauliah , Rasdyanah Rasdyanah , Sari Dwi Kesuma , Monica Waode Santa , Jamaluddin Abdul Wahid
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determinate the effect of combination golden snail powder and fermented coconut cake on quality of duck eggs. We were using experimental feeds combination form golden snail powder and fermented coconut cake as raw material for livestock rearing for duck. This research was conducted in July - September 2018 in Mangkoso Village, Barru Regency and continued with sample testing at the Laboratory Animal Husbandry Faculty of Livestock Product Technology University of Hasanuddin. This study used 16 female duck who are 20 weeks old with four types of treatments consists of four replications of each treatment. The egg quality was carried out using a sample of 16 eggs from Ducks which was maintained and treated with different rations. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis with a Completely Randomized test for significant different results. The results of the combination of golden snail powder and fermented coconut cake on egg color, egg white index, egg yolk index, haugh unit (HU) value of egg units. All treatments (P1, P2, P3) gave effect to three parameters, namely eggshell quality, egg yolk index and egg yolk color, while the other three parameters namely egg weight, egg white index and Haugh Unit (HU) value did not differ significantly from negative controls. The best treatment was shown by treatment P3 which gave an effect on the heavier egg weight than other treatments, eggshell quality grade A, Egg White Index and Egg Yolk Index showed good quality and bright golden egg yolks.
Sexual Behavior of Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in Taman Safari Indonesia Ex-situ Conservation Facility
Authors: Mukhlisah Nurul , Tumbelaka Ligaya I.T.A , Iskandar Entang Iskandar
Published: November 2019

Trachypithecus auratus is one of the vulnerable primate species that is declining in number due to illegal hunting and forest degradation. The efforts to increase population can be through ex-situ conservation program that are specific to reproduction. To date, little is known about the reproduction of this species, particularly in the aspect of sexual behavior. The aim of this research was to analyze the sexual behavior of T. auratus at the Taman Safari Indonesia ex-situ conservation facility. This research conducted on five adult individuals from a group of consisting of one male and four females. The group of T. auratus were observed for five months from September 2018 until January 2019. The method used focal animal sampling with BORIS (Behavioral Observation Research Interactive Software). The results showed that the females performed pre-copulation (courtship) behavior such as head shaking (28.90%), hindquarter present (17.33%), raising a forelimb (11.66%), and the male performed pre-copulation (courtship) behavior such as genital inspection (68.46%). Copulation lasts for 60 seconds, starting with male mounting and thrusting as many as 40 seconds and ejaculation which is thought to occur for 20 seconds. At the end of the copulation sequence, a pair of T. auratus showed grooming and foraging together. The conclusion of this research was T. auratus has parameters of sexual behavior with copulation that lasts for 60 seconds and head shaking was sexual behavior that can be used as an signal for mating. This research are expected to be used as basic reproductive biology data to support the breeding and conservation program of T. auratus species.
Antibiotic Resistance of E. Coli Isolates from Broiler Chick's Cecum in Makassar City
Authors: Purwanto Erdi , Marmansari Dini , Sari Dwi Kesuma , Hatta Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Broiler chickens or broilers are the cheapest source of animal protein that can be obtained apart from eggs. The high demand for broiler chicken meat is fulfilled because modern broilers grow rapidly and are maintained massively and intensively. Massive maintenance systems make the spread of disease easier. Treatment of bacterial diseases using inappropriate antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. This study aims to look at the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria from broiler chickens. E coli bacteria were isolated from 34 samples of broiler chicken cecum taken from several large traders in the city of Makassar. The E. coli isolates were then tested using Kirby-Bauer's diffuse disc method on 5 types of antibiotics from 5 classes of antibiotics namely: Ampicillin (β-lactam); Tetracycline (Tetracycline); Gentamicin (Aminoglycosides); Enrofloxacin (Flouroquinolone); Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethroprim (Sulfonamide). The inhibition zone formed was interpreted using the CLSI 2018 standard. The results of this study were 79.4% of the samples resistant to Ampisillin, 85.3% resistant to Tetracycline, 61.8% resistant to Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethroprim, 76.5% resistant to Enrofloxacin and 52.9% were resistant to Gentamicin. With 91.18% of the sample being resistant to at least 2 types of antibiotics.
Phenotypic Analysis Combined with Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) Labeling Reveal the Heterogeneity of Strawberry Stolon Buds
Authors: Guan Ling , Zhao Mizhen , Qian Yaming , Yu Hongmei , Xia Jin , Wu Ejiao
Published: November 2019

Background: Ramet propagation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is the most effective way in production. However, the lack of systematically phenotypic observations and high-throughput methods limits our ability to analyze the key factors regulating the heterogeneity in strawberry stolon buds. Results: From observation, we found that the axillary bud located in the first node quickly stepped into dormancy (DSB), after several bract and leaf buds were differentiated. The stolon apical meristem (SAM) degenerated as the new ramet leaf buds (RLB), and the new active axillary stolon buds (ASB) differentiated continually after the differentiation of the first leaf. Using the tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling method, a total of 7,271 strawberry proteins were identified. Between ASB and DSB, the spliceosome DEPs, such as Ser/Arg-rich (SR) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP), showed the highest enrichment and high PPI connectivity. This indicated that the differences in DEPs (e.g., SF-3A and PK) at the transcriptional level may be causing the differences between the physiological statuses of ASB and DSB. As expected, the photosynthetic pre-form RLB mainly differentiated from ASB and DSB judging by the DEP enrichment of photosynthesis. However, there are still other specialized features of DEPs between RLB and DSB and between ASB and DSB. The DEPs relative to DNA duplication [e.g., minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM 2, 3, 4, 7)], provide a strong hint of functional gene duplication leading the bud heterogeneity between RLB and DSB. In addition, the top fold change DEP of LSH 10-like might be involved in the degeneration of SAM into RLBs, based on its significant function in modulating the plant shoot initiation. As for RLB/ASB, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway probably regulates the ramet axillary bud specialization, and further promotes the differentiation of xylem when ASB develops into a new stolon [e.g., cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (CAD1) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (PAL1)]. Conclusions: By using phenotypic observation combined with proteomic networks with different types of strawberry stolon buds, the definite dormancy phase of DSB was identified, and the biological pathways and gene networks that might be responsible for heterogeneity among different stolon buds in strawberry were also revealed.
The pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa promotes differential proteomic modulation of cacao genotypes with contrasting resistance to witches´ broom disease
Authors: Santos Everton Cruz , Pirovani Carlos Priminho , Correa Stephany , Micheli Fabienne , Gramacho Karina P
Published: November 2019

Background: Witches’ broom disease (WBD) of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa, is the most important limiting factor for the cacao production in Brazil. Hence, the development of cacao genotypes with durable resistance is the key challenge for control the disease. Proteomic methods are often used to study the interactions between hosts and pathogens, therefore helping classical plant breeding projects on the development of resistant genotypes. The present study compared the proteomic alterations between two cacao genotypes standard for WBD resistance and susceptibility, in response to M. perniciosa infection at 72 hours and 45 days post-inoculation; respectively the very early stages of the biotrophic and necrotrophic stages of the cacao x M. perniciosa interaction.

Results: A total of 554 proteins were identified, being 246 in the susceptible Catongo and 308 in the resistant TSH1188 genotypes. The identified proteins were involved mainly in metabolism, energy, defense and oxidative stress. The resistant genotype showed more expressed proteins with more variability associated with stress and defense, while the susceptible genotype exhibited more repressed proteins. Among these proteins, stand out pathogenesis related proteins (PRs), oxidative stress regulation related proteins, and trypsin inhibitors. Interaction networks were predicted, and a complex protein-protein interaction was observed. Some proteins showed a high number of interactions, suggesting that those proteins may function as cross-talkers between these biological functions.

Conclusions: We present the first study reporting the proteomic alterations of resistant and susceptible genotypes in the T. cacao x M. perniciosa pathosystem. The important altered proteins identified in the present study are related to key biologic functions in resistance, such as oxidative stress, especially in the resistant genotype TSH1188, that showed a strong mechanism of detoxification. Also, the positive regulation of defense and stress proteins were more evident in this genotype. Proteins with significant roles against fungal plant pathogens, such as chitinases, trypsin inhibitors and PR 5 were also identified, and they may be good resistance markers. Finally, important biological functions, such as stress and defense, photosynthesis, oxidative stress and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially impacted with M. perniciosa infection in each genotype.
Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children less than 5 years in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Kateete David , Asiimwe Benon B , Mayanja Raymond , Mujuni Brian , Bwanga Freddie , Najjuka Christine F , Källander Karin , Rutebemberwa Elizeus
Published: November 2019

Background:
Staphylococcus aureus carriage is a known risk factor for staphylococcal disease. However, the carriage rates vary by country, demographic group and profession. This study aimed to determine the S. aureus carriage rate in children in Eastern Uganda, and identify S. aureus lineages that cause infection in Uganda.

Methods:
Nasopharyngeal samples from 742 healthy children less than 5 years residing in the Iganga/Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in Eastern Uganda were processed for isolation of S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was determined by the BD PhoenixTM system. Genotyping was performed by spa and SCCmec typing.

Results:
The processed samples yielded 144 S. aureus isolates (one per child) therefore, the S. aureus carriage rate in children was 19.4% (144/742). Thirty one percent (45/144) of the isolates were methicillin resistant (MRSA) yielding a carriage rate of 6.1% (45/742). All isolates were susceptible to rifampicin, vancomycin and linezolid. Moreover, all MRSA were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and clindamycin. Compared to methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (68.8%, 99/144), MRSA isolates were more resistant to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials –trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 73.3% (33/45) vs. 27.3% (27/99) [p<0.0001]; erythromycin 75.6% (34/45) vs. 24.2% (24/99) [p<0.0001]; chloramphenicol 60% (27/45) vs. 19.2% (19/99) [p<0.0001]; gentamicin 55.6% (25/45) vs. 25.3% (25/99) [p=0.0004]; and ciprofloxacin 35.6% (16/45) vs. 2% (2/99) [p<0.0001]. Furthermore, 42 MRSA (93.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and one exhibited high-level resistance to mupirocin. Overall, 61 MSSA (61.6%) were MDR, including three mupirocin and clindamycin resistant isolates. Seven spa types were detected among MRSA, of which t037 and t064 were predominant and associated with SCCmec types I and IV, respectively. Fourteen spa types were detected in MSSA which consisted mainly of t645 and t4353.

Conclusions:
S. aureus carriage rate in healthy children in Eastern Uganda is high and comparable to rates for hospitalized patients in Kampala. The detection of mupirocin resistance is worrying as it could rapidly increase if mupirocin is administered in a low-income setting. S. aureus strains of spa types t064, t037 (MRSA) and t645, t4353 (MSSA) are prevalent and could be responsible for majority of staphylococcal infections in Uganda.
Association Between Basilar Artery Configuration and Vessel Wall Features: A Prospective High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Xu Ziqi , Li Mingyao , Hou Zhikai , Lyu Jinhao , Zhang Na , Lou Xin , Miao Zhongrong , Ma Ning
Published: November 2019

Background
The relationship between intracranial vessel configuration and wall features remains poorly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the distal and proximal anatomical configuration of basilar artery (BA) and BA vessel wall features on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) .
Methods
From September 2014 to January 2017, patients with suspected symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis underwent HRMRI. Patients with severe BA stenosis were selected for this prospective study and divided into two groups corresponding to complete and incomplete BA configuration based on characteristics of the bilateral vertebral arteries and posterior cerebral arteries. Culprit blood vessel wall features on HRMRI included plaque enhancement, intraplaque hemorrhage, remodeling patterns, and plaque distribution. Culprit vessel wall features were compared between patients in the complete and incomplete BA configuration groups.
Results
Among the 298 consecutively enrolled patients, 34 had severe BA stenosis. 20 patients had complete anatomical BA configuration and another 14 of them displayed incomplete configuration. There were no significant differences in vessel wall features between the complete and incomplete configuration patient groups. However, the proximal configuration of BA was associated with intraplaque hemorrhage (p=0.002) while the distal configuration of BA correlated with strong enhancement of BA plaque (p=0.041).
Conclusions
No association was found between the complete and incomplete BA configuration groups and blood vessel wall features. The proximal configuration of BA was related with intraplaque hemorrhage and the distal configuration of BA was associated with strong plaque enhancement. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Trial Registration : URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02705599 (March 10, 2016).