bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The six conventions of corporate branding
Authors: Knox Simon , Bickerton David
Published: July 2003

This paper considers the emerging focus in both academic and practitioner literature on the concept of the corporate brand and argues that the underlying generative mechanisms and processes that enable successful corporate brand management are not clearly understood. Based on the findings of recent fieldwork, the authors outline six new conventions for understanding the processes of nurturing and managing a corporate brand and discuss the implications of these conventions for the emergent theory of corporate brand management. Evidence from this work has also led the authors to propose a more holistic definition of the corporate brand, “the visual, verbal and behavioural expression of an organisation's unique business model”.
Core value‐based corporate brand building
Authors: Urde Mats
Published: July 2003

The aim of this article is to introduce a conceptual framework for a corporate brand building process based on core values. The nature, role, and function of core values are considered a central part of the value foundation of a corporate brand. In line with this reasoning, a distinction is also made between three groups of values: organisational values, core values, and added values. This article is based on research into the brand building efforts of more than 50 major companies over a period of ten years. The Volvo case is used as an illustration and places special emphasis on internal processes. The role of the core values in the ten steps of the framework is explored and illustrated. The work is based on first‐hand experiences, interviews, and unique internal strategy documents from Volvo. The discussion defines core values as overarching concepts that summarise the identity of the corporate brand and as guiding lights for the brand building process. Another conclusion drawn from the article is that core values are vital for continuity, consistency and credibility in a value‐creating process. The theoretical and practical implications of using core values as a unifying common thread are discussed in relation to the paradigm of brand orientation.
Bringing the corporation into corporate branding
Authors: Jo Hatch Mary , Schultz Majken
Published: July 2003

This paper describes corporate branding as an organisational tool whose successful application depends on attending to the strategic, organisational and communicational context in which it is used. A model to help managers analyse context in terms of the alignment between strategic vision, organisational culture and corporate image is presented. The model is based on a gap analysis, which enables managers to assess the coherence of their corporate brand. Use of the model is illustrated by examining the stages of development that British Airways passed through in the creation of its corporate brand. The paper concludes that corporate brand management is a dynamic process that involves keeping up with continuous adjustments of vision, culture and image. The model suggests an approach to corporate branding that is organisationally integrated and cross‐functional, hence the thesis that it is important to bring the (whole) corporation into corporate branding.
Corporate branding in the new economy
Authors: Leitch Shirley , Richardson Neil
Published: July 2003

This article offers the “brand web” model as a conceptual framework for the creation and ongoing analysis of corporate brands and brand relationships. The framework is particularly relevant for new economy ventures that result from alliances. In deploying the brand web model, marketers are asked to consider: the power relationship between the corporate brands; their corporate identities and brand values; the goals of each brand; and the relative strategies pursued to achieve these goals. These questions are posed within the context of the semiotic model of corporate identity.
Equity in corporate co‐branding
Authors: Motion Judy , Leitch Shirley , Brodie Roderick J.
Published: July 2003

Corporate co‐branding is analysed within the context of a case study of the sponsorship relationship between adidas and the New Zealand Rugby Union. The study indicates that corporate brands may develop co‐branding relationships in order to redefine brand identity, discursively reposition the brand and build brand equity. Corporate co‐branding is established at a fundamental brand values level that, in turn, influences the type of marketing communication campaign that may be undertaken. Discourse theory provides insights into the importance of an articulation campaign in order to increase the equity of corporate brands. Co‐branding offers corporate brands access to the brand strategy of the co‐brand partner, the alignment of brand values, the marketing communication association and brand reach and network of relationships.
The criteria for successful services brands
Authors: de Chernatony Leslie , Segal‐Horn Susan
Published: July 2003

There are few valuable services brands, which may be due to the lack of services branding knowledge and the inappropriate use of product‐based branding advice. To contribute to services branding knowledge the authors undertook a review of the services management and services branding literature and postulated a model of services branding. In‐depth interviews with 28 leading‐edge consultants showed the appropriateness of this model. The study found a need for ruthless clarity about positioning and the corporation's genuinely felt values. Success is more likely when everyone internally believes in their brand's values. When management behaviour is based on genuine conviction, shared values are more likely. Through shared values, there is a greater likelihood of commitment, internal loyalty, clearer brand understanding, and importantly, consistent brand delivery across all stakeholders. By viewing these factors within a systems perspective, greater services brand consistency can result.
Experienced reality
Authors: Topalian Alan
Published: July 2003

Confusion surrounding “corporate identity” persists in business and design practice though a great deal has been written about the subject since the 1970s. “Corporate identity” and “corporate image” continue to be used interchangeably. When business executives and designers mention these terms, more often than not they mean the visual schemes devised to “portray” organisations – visual identities, visual identification systems, logotypes and symbols – each of which has a distinct meaning. Changes, over time, have seen corporate identity termed the “corporate brand”; currently, “brand identity” and “brand architecture” are receiving considerable attention. A British Standard defines most of these terms but is broadly ignored. When practitioners and their clients appear to be unconcerned about the core terms of their trade, it is not surprising that implemented solutions fail to deliver their promise. Suspicions are bound to arise about the relevance of corporate identity and its potential impact on performance over the long term. Nevertheless, statements heralding the demise of corporate identity are premature. Thinking on the way corporate identities are projected seems to be stuck in the “pre‐Internet” era. For example, corporate Web sites could be very powerful vehicles for such identities, yet many sites demonstrate little progress from promotional literature. This paper explores factors that are likely to shape the projection of identities in the next 20‐50 years, not least the “personalisation” of identity akin to the “mass customisation” that has been promoted in manufacturing.
Has the efficiency of European railway companies been improved?
Authors: de Jorge Justo , Suarez Cristina
Published: July 2003

The aim of this paper is to estimate the (in)efficiency of European railways, through an econometric estimation of frontier functions. The methodology used is the panel data method. The statistical source covers 19 companies observed over the period from 1965 to 1998. Two different specifications are estimated, first a “factor requirements function” and second a more flexible functional form “quadratic function”. Results indicate that the means of the efficiency indicator are around 0.6 and 0.4 for the factor requirement specification and the quadratic specification, respectively, and a great rate of technological progress over the period is also indicated.
To whose value is the euro?
Authors: Potts Nick
Published: July 2003

This article contends that Marxist economic analysis can shed more light on the likely effect of the euro on the EU economy, and the UK economy if the UK were to join, than conventional neo‐classical macroeconomic analysis. Accumulated wealth/rentiers are incorporated into a model of the economy, in order to analyse how inflation affects the distribution of total social wealth between rentiers and business. The model suggests that rentiers gain, and business in general loses, from a state of price stability. Goes on to concentrate on inter‐firm issues by developing a multi‐sector model of the economy. The model is employed to illustrate how leading firms are also likely to benefit from price stability in the euro zone to the cost of business in the euro zone in general.
Institutional support to strategic business orientations: an empirical analysis of rural businesses in four countries of southern Europe
Authors: Skuras Dimitris , Castro Caldas João , Meccheri Nicola , Psaltopoulos Dimitris , Viladomiu Lourdes
Published: July 2003

The paper presents results from four surveys of rural businesses in mountainous and less‐favoured areas of Southern Europe. Institutional support to rural businesses is extensive and delivered through the traditional instruments of capital subsidies, training and assistance to financial and technical management. Strategic orientations vary among case study areas and businesses. Results show that institutions should design and implement de‐centralised, flexible policies of business support in the less favoured areas of the European Union.
Internationalisation process of Spanish banks: strategic orientation after the mergers
Authors: Sanchez‐Peinado Esther
Published: July 2003

The present globalisation of the economy is one of the main forces driving the internationalisation process of firms, a phenomenon that has been one of the most widely studied in the literature and which has given rise to numerous explanatory theories. The manufacturing sectors of machinery, food, textiles, furniture have already consolidated their presence in international markets, induced by the increased competition deriving from liberalisation of foreign trade and the desire to conquer new markets. If in manufacturing sectors globalisation has been high, the service sector has not been far behind. One of the sectors that has been most influenced by changes in the competitive framework is banking. Therefore, the objective of this empirical study will be to analyse the process of internationalisation followed by Spanish banks (Banco Santander, BCH, BBV and Argentaria), and the results obtained, measured in terms of “internationalisation degree” and “return on assets” (ROA). The main markets receiving the investment of the banks chosen for the study, as well as the motives and the different entry modes adopted for their internationalisation are then analysed. It will be seen what international movements have occurred as a result of the mergers in 1999, and whether they represent any change in the internationalisation, strategy of these firms. The study will be completed with the presentation of some patterns of behaviour observed in the internationalisation processes of the Spanish banks analysed.
Strategic alliances and competitive strategies in the European aerospace industry: the case of BMW Rolls‐Royce GmbH
Authors: Smith D.J.
Published: July 2003

Strategic alliances are an important feature of the aerospace industry and many studies have sought to evaluate their performance. Most have taken a policy perspective exploring the economic and political benefits claimed for collaboration of this type. The perspective is a reflection of the political origins of many aerospace alliances. This study seeks to evaluate, from a managerial perspective, one of the newer alliances established on a strictly commercial basis. It focuses on BMW Rolls‐Royce GmbH, one of a small number of truly European alliances. The study concludes that, although Rolls‐Royce bought out its German partner after a decade of operation, the alliance was a success. The two engines developed by the alliance over this period were a technical success, overall sales were well on target and the alliance was about to break even. In addition, the study concludes that the alliance formed a key element in Rolls‐Royce’s successful strategy to extend its product portfolio, a strategy that elevated the company to second place in the global aero engine market.
Chief purchasing officer compensation
Authors: Zsidisin George A. , Ogden Jeffrey A. , Hendrick Thomas E. , Clark Mark A.
Published: July 2003

It is increasingly accepted that the chief purchasing officer (CPO), as the highest ranking member of the purchasing and supply management (PSM) function, is a resource that can add strategic value to the firm. Delineating the organizational and human capital factors that determine CPO compensation packages can help firms maintain their competitive advantage by attracting and retaining talent in this position. Although an extensive literature base examines executive compensation, such research at levels below the CEO is sparse. Based on the rich literature discussing executive compensation as well as a survey of Fortune 500 CPOs, examines the influence of organizational and human capital on CPO compensation from a resource‐based view of the firm. The organizational capital characteristics of annual sales, purchases as a percent of sales, and the number of reporting levels between the CPO and CEO were found to influence CPO compensation significantly. Somewhat surprisingly, CPO age was the only human capital factor of those tested (years in PSM, education level, CPM certifications) that significantly influenced compensation.
Ordering policies for items with seasonal demand
Authors: Gupta Yogesh , Sundararaghavan P.S. , Ahmed Mesbah U.
Published: July 2003

This paper deals with finding economic order quantity, number of orders to be placed and/or the time to place each order for four different special types of problems that may be encountered in practice. The first problem (Problem 1a) assumes a fixed planning horizon and a perishable product such as Christmas trees or fashion merchandise whose value deteriorates as the item gets aged. Under constant demand assumption, solution for this type of problem is worked out by capturing the deterioration in value by increasing holding cost. The second problem (Problem 2) has the same assumption as the first, except that the demand is assumed to increase as we move forward in time. The third problem (Problem 2a) is a restricted version of the second, which allows a specific number of integer orders during the planning horizon. The fourth problem (Problem 3) allows the ordering cost to increase as time progresses. All formulae derived can be easily applied to find numerical answers. The answers may have to be adjusted to reflect container size, minimum order quantity and any other restriction not modeled, or to take into account any violation of the model assumptions.
Increasing service through aggressive dealer inventory return policies
Authors: Lonn Sara , Stuart Julie Ann
Published: July 2003

In this paper, manufacturer dealer return policies are examined for high volume part sales for long‐life cycle products. Exclusive suppliers often use simple returns policies for high‐value products to persuade their independent dealers to stock and price items aggressively. For low‐value products, a return policy problem occurs; dealer requests for low‐value returns are routinely rejected. Because a manufacturer may make over 500 return request decisions per day, a fast algorithm is required. Two fast algorithms that evaluate multiple factors are presented and tested for six months against dealer inventory requests at heavy equipment manufacturer, Caterpillar, Inc. The results show that the proposed algorithms may eliminate nearly 1,000 back‐orders per month. The results indicate that exclusive suppliers can modify their return policies to improve service to customers by analysing not only product value, but also inventory level and lead‐time.
Supply chain collaboration
Authors: Skjoett‐Larsen Tage , Thernøe Christian , Andresen Claus
Published: July 2003

Presents a theoretical framework for analysing interorganizational collaboration. Argues that Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) should be viewed as a general approach to coordination of processes between participants in a supply chain, rather than following a slavish step‐by‐step model, as suggested by the organization Voluntary Inter‐Industry Commerce Standards (VICS). This approach demands a deeper analysis of both integration depth and scope of various collaboration forms. This is done primarily from a theoretical perspective, but supported by an empirical study of Danish companies’ attitudes towards interorganizational collaboration.
Designing student feedback questionnaires
Authors: Rowley Jennifer
Published: July 2003

This article reviews the literature on student feedback questionnaires (SFQs), with a view to proposing some guidelines for the design of SFQs, and the processes associated with data collection, analysis and use. Despite a long and established tradition of use, practice in this area remains diverse, and research generates debate. This article first reviews the literature and surfaces the concerns about current work in this area, and then discusses the following questions that need to be considered in the research design for the collection of student feedback: What are the objectives of the evaluation process? Can standard questionnaires be developed to serve a range of purposes? What issues should be covered by the questions included on the questionnaire? How should data be collected, analysed and used? Answers to these questions should influence the exact design that is undertaken in different circumstances.
Latent impediments to quality: collaborative teaching and faculty goal conflict
Authors: Novicevic Milorad M. , Buckley M. Ronald , Harvey Michael G. , Keaton Paul
Published: July 2003

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impediments to quality engendered by the goal conflict between the business college’s institutional interest to offer collaborative teaching delivery for a course and the individual business professor’s motivation to volunteer his or her participation in such an undertaking. First, goal orientation theory, as the theoretical framework for explanation of collaborative teaching/learning outcomes, is presented. Second, typical faculty goals are identified and explained. Finally, development of tension between the individual faculty goals in a business college pursuing collaborative teaching is examined. In conclusion, practical implications of the presented analysis for the advancement of teaching scholarships are outlined.
Higher grades = higher evaluations: impression management of students
Authors: Olds Philip R. , Larry Crumbley D.
Published: July 2003

This study investigates the effects on end‐of‐the semester evaluations of the instructor resulting from grade inflation by the administration of a different number of mid‐semester tests to four different classes of the first course of accounting. Students in two classes received six mid‐semester examinations, while the other two classes received three. All classes were given a cumulative final examination. Giving six examinations rather than three allows a student to memorize less of the course material before each examination, resulting in higher overall grades. Analysis of the data revealed that students receiving six mid‐semester examinations scored higher than those receiving three. These differences were statistically significant at the 0.1 level. Students’ end‐of‐the semester evaluations of the fairness of grading, quality of the instructor and the quality of the course were consistently more positive in the class that received six mid‐semester examinations. Higher grades did result in higher evaluations. Two of these comparisons were statistically significant at the 0.01 level; the third was significant at the 0.5 level. The benefits of administering six mid‐semester examinations exceeded the additional effort required.
Laser path planning of burn‐out rule for LOM process
Authors: Chiu Y.Y. , Liao Y.S.
Published: July 2003

The waste material removal process in the laminated object manufacturing, so‐called de‐cubing, is a time‐consuming work resulting from the inherent adhesion between the part and the waste material. A new method to improve the problem is proposed in this paper. It is noticed that when the temperature of the working area, being raised by the laser beams, reaches the “decomposition temperature” of the adhesive, the stickiness of the adhesive will “burn out”. Based on these findings, a novel laser path planning strategy is introduced. The threshold value of the slope of the part which determines whether the burning‐out rule should be applied in laser path planning is derived. If the slope of the part falls below the threshold value, the burning‐out rule is utilized. Under such circumstances, an optimal laser path according to the proposed thermomechanical model is designated to the overlap zone to burn out the binder. Experimental results indicate that the method increases the de‐cubing efficiency, reduces the de‐cubing time required and damage the part less likely.
Process speeding up via deposition planning in fused deposition‐based layered manufacturing processes
Authors: Han Wenbiao , Jafari Mohsen A. , Seyed Kian
Published: July 2003

Compared to conventional manufacturing processes, fused deposition (FD)‐based layered manufacturing processes have dramatically reduced the part design and manufacturing time. However, it is necessary to further enhance their process productivity. To this end, improvement of FD process efficiency is studied in this paper. A build time analysis is conducted and the deposition parameters that can be used to speed up fabrication processes are identified. The tool path‐based deposition planning approach is extended for ensuring layer quality when the build process is expedited under adjusted deposition parameters. A test part was built to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene fused deposition materials modeling
Authors: Rodríguez José F. , Thomas James P. , Renaud John E.
Published: July 2003

Analytical/Computational models for the fused deposition (FD) material stiffness and strength as a function of mesostructural parameters are developed. Effective elastic moduli are obtained using the strength of materials approach and an elasticity approach based on the asymptotic theory of homogenization. Theoretical predictions for unidirectional FD‐acrylonitrile butadiene styrene materials are validated with experimentally determined values of moduli and strength. For moduli predictions, the results were found to be satisfactory with difference between experimental and theoretical values of less than 10 percent in most cases.
Selective laser sintering: qualifying analysis of metal based powder systems for automotive applications
Authors: Storch Sebastian , Nellessen Detmar , Schaefer Guenther , Reiter Rolf
Published: July 2003

Metal‐based powder systems for selective laser sintering applications provide flexibility in the part geometry and promise a high quality profile regarding their material technologies characteristic. In this field of application, materials have to fulfil high demands on their properties already in the conceptual phase of development. For the integration of selective laser sintered parts into the development process, determining their properties using material engineering methods is absolutely essential. This paper concerns with the methods of material analysis, the particular material properties of sintered metals and finally with the description of the properties of the powder systems EOS DirectSteel 20 and 3D Laser Form ST100 in comparison to conventional materials used in automotive engines and power trains.
Mechanical characterization of parts fabricated using fused deposition modeling
Authors: Bellini Anna , Güçeri Selçuk
Published: July 2003

Layered manufacturing is an evolution of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques where the part is built in layers. While most of the previous applications focused on building “prototypes”, recent developments in this field enabled some of the prototyping methods to achieve an agile fabrication technology to produce the final product directly. A shift from prototyping to manufacturing of the final product necessitates broadening of the material choice, improvement of the surface quality, dimensional stability, and achieving the necessary mechanical properties to meet the performance criteria. The current study is part of an ongoing project to adapt fused deposition modeling to fabrication of ceramic and multi‐functional components. This paper presents a methodology of the mechanical characterization of products fabricated using fused deposition modeling.
Using business‐process simulation within a business‐process reengineering approach
Authors: Greasley Andrew
Published: July 2003

This paper presents a case study of the use of business‐process simulation within the context of a business‐process‐reengineering approach to change. The process‐based change methodology provides context to the simulation technique in that it connects the aims of a business‐process simulation (BPS) study to the strategic aims of the organisation and incorporates a consideration of human factors in order to achieve successful implementation of redesigned processes. Conversely, the ability of BPS to incorporate system variability, scenario analysis and a visual display to communicate process performance makes it a useful technique to provide a realistic assessment of the need for, and results of, change.
A driving force: an analysis of strategic planning in the Canadian automotive industry
Authors: McLarney Cam
Published: July 2003

This paper investigated the impact of components and contextual elements of strategic planning on the effectiveness of the strategic planning process. Specifically, the characteristics of planning and the overall effectiveness of planning processes in the automotive industry were studied. A large‐scale survey revealed that certain aspects of these firms’ planning processes were vital for their continued effectiveness. Functional coverage was identified as one of the most important component of strategic planning and provision of sufficient planning resources and the most important contextual element. The practical implications of this research for firms in the automotive industry are discussed.
Information technology and business‐process redesign
Authors: Attaran Mohsen
Published: July 2003

Business‐process redesigns (BPR) and information technology (IT) are natural partners, yet this relationship has not been fully exploited. Those organizations that have used IT to reengineer processes have benefited enormously. This article argues that those aspiring to do business process redesign must begin to apply the capabilities of information technology. Process redesign is not always successful and almost always accompanied by pain or at least unpleasant side effects. Many companies have undertaken reengineering efforts only to abandon them with little or no positive result. How can you increase the odds for success? Here are a few lessons from the front.
Telecommuting and organizational change: a middle‐managers’ perspective
Authors: Watad Mahmoud M. , Will Peter C.
Published: July 2003

Telecommuting programs transform communication patterns, performance management, corporate culture, and potentially the work itself. This study addresses middle managers’ views concerning the introduction of telecommuting programs in their organizations. Middle management views are important, because telecommuting directly impacts their positions, and their support is vital to ensure its successful implementation. The findings indicate that the majority of managers perceived cultural change as the most difficult issue to resolve when introducing a telecommuting program.
A conceptual framework for the effective implementation of statistical process control
Authors: Antony Jiju , Taner Tolga
Published: July 2003

Statistical process control (SPC) is a powerful technique which organisations can use in their pursuit of continuous improvement of both product and service quality. Many organisations in the UK are still learning about the successful introduction, development and implementation of SPC, even though it has been widely and commonly used in many Japanese organisations with great success. Research in the UK academic institutions has clearly indicated that the only thing taught to engineers in relation to SPC is control charting and the mathematical aspects of the subject rather than the implementation aspects of the technique. It can be argued that it is not just control charts which makes SPC initiative successful in organisations, rather the emphasis should be on the critical factors which are essential for the success of SPC program and also issues such as “how to get started” and “where to get started”. This paper compares the existing frameworks for SPC implementation in terms of their strengths and weaknesses and then illustrates a conceptual framework for the successful introduction and application of SPC program in any organisation. The framework also shows a systematic approach to apply the SPC technique in an industrial setting.
Organisational analysis
Authors: Haque Badr , Pawar Kulwant S.
Published: July 2003

Organisational issues present the main barriers to the implementation of concurrent engineering (CE) to new product development (NPD) processes in manufacturing organisations. Both research and practice have demonstrated that companies that invest in improving organisational development issues fare better than those that rely purely on tools and technology alone. The key issues are improving cross‐functional integration and developing social mechanisms that facilitate a collaborative environment. Organisational analysis represents the first step an organisation can take in order to improvement its effectiveness. Organisational analysis techniques have been a field of study for many years, resulting in the development of a number of different methodologies ranging from purely mathematical models of analysis to heuristic models using simulation. This paper presents a methodology that draws upon traditional organisational theory and combines it with the more recent business process re‐engineering approaches for the analysis of organisational issues in a CE environment. The methodology is based on the hierarchical modelling and analysis of the business process. A detailed case study of its application in industry is presented. The paper concludes by summarising the key features of the methodology and issues emerging from its implementation.
Business‐process modelling and simulation for manufacturing management
Authors: Barber K.D. , Dewhurst F.W. , Burns R.L.D.H. , Rogers J.B.B.
Published: July 2003

Many companies are taking a process view as a result of business‐process re‐engineering exercises, statutory compliance (e.g. Securities and Futures Authority), reaction to market forces (e.g. to achieve accreditation under ISO9001:2000 or BS5750) and the promotion of integrated computer and information systems (e.g. computer integrated manufacture). This means questioning the way in which companies operate and has implications for management. Business process modelling (BPM) and business‐process simulation (BPS) help to facilitate process thinking. BPM provides management with a static structured approach to business improvement, providing a “holistic” perspective on how the business operates, and provides a means of documenting the business processes while BPS allows management to study the dynamics of the business and consider the effects of changes without risk. There are a number of BPM and BPS methodologies, approaches and tools available, each of which may be applicable to different circumstances. This paper briefly reviews the diverse literature in relation to manufacturing management. Evidence from the literature indicates that few tools are available for supporting manufacturing‐business‐process‐management and that, except for a few small‐scale processes, BPS implementations in manufacturing have had limited success. This paper identifies the reasons for this and suggests a practical way forward until hardware and software limitations are overcome.
Quality management and improvement
Authors: Carpinetti Luiz C.R. , Buosi Thiago , Gerólamo Mateus C.
Published: July 2003

This paper presents a reference model for the process of management of quality and improvement based on a conceptual framework for managing the process of systematically deriving improvement actions from customer expectations and strategic decisions through business processes, and prioritising actions that will most contribute to achievement strategic objectives. After some introductory theoretical background to discuss the need for systematically managing quality and improvement as well as the contribution of mapping business processes, the process reference model is described to a certain extent and detailed by means of activity tree and event‐driven process chain (EPC) diagrams. Finally, some considerations are made on the benefits of using such an approach.
From values to metrics: implementation of the balanced scorecard at a university library
Authors: Self James
Published: July 2003

As part of an effort to develop a culture of assessment, the University of Virginia Library implemented the balanced scorecard in 2001. The adoption of the scorecard has forced the library to focus its assessment and statistical activities, and to identify and develop those measurements that actually make a difference. This article describes the implementation process and stresses the importance of coordinating the scorecard metrics, or measurements, with the organizational values of the library.
A few countries measure impact and outcomes – most would like to measure at least something
Authors: Ambro˘zič Melita
Published: July 2003

The paper discusses theoretical and practical approaches to the problems of assessing library performance and especially of measuring outcomes in the developing world, i.e. the impact and value of the library services for their users and society as a whole. The importance of a systematic evaluation of a library’s activities and the use of modern management methods and tools is emphasized. The need for an appropriate management information system as one of the key elements for the library decision‐making process is demonstrated. The need to enable libraries in developing countries to implement national systems of library statistics is demonstrated. To do this it is important to educate the librarians to collect and use data effectively, to enable them to be able to make the transition from measuring inputs to measuring outputs, and to understand the possible methods and importance of measuring library outcomes.
Evaluation, impact and outcomes – the JUBILEE project
Authors: Banwell Linda , Ray Kathryn , Coulson Graham , Proud Debbie
Published: July 2003

The paper is based on a presentation made at Northumbria Lite, the one‐day session held by the Northumbria Performance Measures Conference series team at IFLA in Glasgow, August 2002, on the invitation of the IFLA Statistics and Library Theory and Research Roundtables. It has been supplemented with some up‐dated figures and graphs. Dr Linda Banwell, Director of the JUBILEE project, gave the presentation, which focuses on evaluation in JUBILEE, with specific reference to the derivation and representation of impact and outcomes for library services.
ACCURACY PREDICTION FOR ORTHO‐IMAGE GENERATION
Authors: Krupnik Amnon
Published: July 2003

This paper revisits the basic mathematical formulation of ortho‐image (digital orthophoto) generation. The main objective is to provide an approach for predicting the accuracy of an ortho‐image, according to the accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM), control points and image measurements, the configuration of fiducial, tie and control points, and the ground slope. The approach is based on applying the well‐known law of error propagation to the mathematical model of ortho‐image generation. Although it may seem intuitive for professionals in the field of photogrammetry, such an approach is essential in the era when specialists in other fields use off‐the‐shelf software packages for ortho‐image generation. Simulations with the derived approach show that the accuracy of the ortho‐image is more sensitive to errors in image measurement of fiducial, tie and control points and ground coordinates of control points, than to DEM errors. Non‐standard configurations of fiducial, tie and control points further impair the accuracy. In addition, certain combinations of point location and ground slope might lead to unacceptably large error on the ortho‐image.
THE MERGER OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY AND THE REMOTE SENSING SOCIETY
Authors: Kirby R. P.
Published: July 2003

The attempts by A. S. Macdonald in the late 1980s and by J. A. Allan in the mid‐1990s to integrate the UK societies and professional organisations within the spatial science field are described. The Photogrammetric Society, noting a long‐term decline in its membership, set up an internal working group in 1997 to consider the future of the Society. A lengthy questionnaire to all individual members produced a 57% response and mandatory support for renewed action on greater inter‐society cooperation.

A further effort to produce a wide amalgamation of bodies in the UK spatial science field on the Macdonald/Allan models failed for lack of support nationally. As a smaller step, perhaps to be extended later, a merger with the Remote Sensing Society was eventually agreed. The subsequent lengthy and delicate negotiations necessary to bring about a successful merger between these two mature, independently minded learned societies are described. The two societies were formally merged on 1st April 2001.

The author was a member of both the Photogrammetric and the Remote Sensing Societies and chaired the External Affairs Committee of the Photogrammetric Society preceding the merger.
ROOF BOUNDARY EXTRACTION USING MULTIPLE IMAGES
Authors: Elaksher Ahmed F. , Bethel James S. , Mikhail Edward M.
Published: July 2003

Urban area building extraction is one of the most challenging problems in photogrammetry. Well‐extracted buildings are needed for a variety of applications, such as cartography, building GIS databases for cities, and urban planning. This paper presents a new technique to extract 3D building wire‐frames using a robust multi‐image line‐matching algorithm. Although one pair of images is adequate to find the 3D position of two visibly corresponding image features, it is not sufficient to solve the general building extraction problem due to obscured parts in the building. Four images are used in this research to extract the building wire‐frames. First the images are segmented into regions. Regions are then classified into roof regions and non‐roof regions based on their size, shape, and intensity values. The roof region boundary pixels are located and used to find the region perimeters. Region correspondence is solved in a pair‐wise mode over all images using the epipolar constraint, region size, region shape, and region intensity values. Image lines within the corresponding regions are matched over all images simultaneously by first creating a plane for each region line. Planes are then intersected simultaneously and geometric consistency is used to determine acceptance or rejection. Results with high overlap and sidelap aerial images are presented and evaluated. The results show the completeness and accuracy that this method can provide for extracting complex urban buildings. The average coordinate accuracy is about 0·8 m using 1:4000 scale aerial photographs scanned at 30 μm. Six buildings were examined; the line detection rate is 98%.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW‐COST MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM: A SOUTH AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Da Silva João Fernando C. , Camargo Paulo de Oliveira , Gallis Rodrigo B. A.
Published: July 2003

This paper presents the prototype of a low‐cost terrestrial mobile mapping system (MMS) composed of a van, two digital video cameras, two GPS receivers, a notebook computer, and a sound frame synchronisation system. The imaging sensors are mounted as a stereo video camera on top of the vehicle together with the GPS antennae. The GPS receivers and the notebook computer are configured to record data referred to the vehicle position at a planned time interval. This position is subsequently transferred to the road images. This set of equipment and methods provide the opportunity to merge distinct techniques to make topographic maps and also to build georeferenced road image databases. Both vector maps and raster image databases, when integrated appropriately, can give spatial researchers and engineers a new technique whose application may realise better planning and analysis related to the road environment. The experimental results proved that the MMS developed at the São Paulo State University is an effective approach to inspecting road pavements, to map road marks and traffic signs, electric power poles, telephone booths, drain pipes, and many other applications important to people's safety and welfare. A small number of road images have already been captured by the prototype as a consequence of its application in distinct projects. An efficient organisation of those images and the prompt access to them justify the need for building a georeferenced image database. By expanding it, both at the hardware and software levels, it is possible for engineers to analyse the entire road environment on their office computers.
A measure for the assessment of eating disorders: Reliability and validity studies of the Rating of Anorexia and Bulimia interview – revised version (RAB‐R)
Authors: Nevonen Lauri , Broberg Anders G. , Clinton David , Norring Claes
Published: July 2003

The Rating of Anorexia and Bulimia interview (RAB) is a Swedish semi‐structured interview for clinical and research purposes for a wide range of eating disorder symptoms and related psychopathology. The objectives were to evaluate the reliability and validity of a revised RAB version (RAB‐R). The RAB‐R was assessed in terms of internal consistency, inter‐rater and test–retest reliability, and criterion and convergent validity. Samples included a clinical sample of eating disorder patients (n = 71) and a sample of randomly drawn female controls (n = 31). The RAB‐R showed satisfactory internal consistency, inter‐rater and test–retest reliability, correlated well with related measures, and discriminated between patients and normal controls. We conclude that the RAB‐R is a promising interview instrument and continued evaluation should focus on comparing subgroups of eating disorder patients with other clinical groups.
The relationship between parental physical availability and child sexual, physical and emotional abuse: A study among a sample of university students in South Africa
Authors: Madu Sylvester Ntomchukwu
Published: July 2003

The relationship between perceived parental physical availability and child sexual, physical and emotional abuse was investigated. The sample comprised 722 undergraduate students of psychology at the University of the North, South Africa. Participants filled in a retrospective self‐rated questionnaire in a classroom setting. The questionnaire asked about perceived parental physical availability during childhood, and childhood sexual, physical and emotional abuse. Logistic regression analysis showed that, among all the participants, the factors “the participant not living with the natural (biological) mother until he or she was at least 16 years old” and “have ever had a stepfather or adoptive father until he or she was at least 16 years old” predicted child sexual abuse; and “have ever had a stepfather or adoptive father until he or she was at least 16 years old” predicted child emotional abuse. None of the other aspects of parental availability considered predicted child physical abuse. Mental health and social workers, educators and law enforcement agencies dealing with prevention and protection against child abuse should take note of the above identified predictors while designing programs for the eradication of child sexual, physical and emotional abuse.
From clinical towards research interview: Parenting problems with troubled adolescents
Authors: Berg‐Nielsen Turid Suzanne , Holen Are
Published: July 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate whether clusters of common questions asked in clinical parenting interviews with parents of troubled adolescents could contribute to the empirical assessment of parenting dimensions. Questions were derived from clinical experience and theory, and were presented in an interview with 101 parents of adolescents referred to child psychiatric outpatient clinics for emotional and behavioral disorders. Fourteen questions were formed within the parenting domain of warmth, 12 questions from the domain of control, five questions were about autonomy granting and six questions were about commitment. Scores clustered into nine subgroups: Contact, Empathy, Appreciation, Setting Limits, Consistency, Monitoring, Parenting Priority, Involvement and Autonomy Granting. Raters also made an overall judgment of the presence of parental negative attributions during the interview. The inter‐rater reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the subgroups were satisfactory, and the bias of socially desirable responding was limited. Directions for further research are suggested.
General self‐efficacy, dental anxiety and multiple fears among 20‐year‐olds in Norway
Authors: Skaret Erik , Kvale Gerd , Raadal Magne
Published: July 2003

This paper examines the extent to which low general self‐efficacy and painful dental and medical experiences are related to dental anxiety, multiple fears and to avoidance of dental care. A total of 754 20‐year‐olds completed a series of questionnaires, including the General Self‐efficacy Scale (GSE), Geer Fear Scale (GFS) and Dental Fear Survey (DFS). Females had lower self‐efficacy, higher dental anxiety and higher scores on the GFS than males. Multivariate analyses (linear stepwise regression) indicated that painful dental experiences, a high score on the GFS and negative opinions about own dental health explained 37% of the variance in DFS scores. Self‐efficacy had no predictive power for dental anxiety, and only dental anxiety had predictive power for dental avoidance behavior. Thirty‐eight percent of the total variance in GFS scores was explained by the following variables: being a female, high dental anxiety (DFS), low general self‐efficacy (GSE) and low educational level of the mother.