bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lubricated Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis and Non-Newtonian Thermoelastohydrodynamics of High-Performance Spur Gear Transmission Systems
Authors: Sivayogan Gajarajan , Rahmani Ramin , Rahnejat Homer
Published: February 2020

Energy efficiency and functional reliability are the two key requirements in the design of high-performance transmissions. Therefore, a representative analysis replicating real operating conditions is essential. This paper presents the thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) of meshing spur gear teeth of high-performance racing transmission systems, where high generated contact pressures and lubricant shear lead to non-Newtonian traction. The determination of the input contact geometry of meshing pairs as well as contact kinematics are essential steps for representative TEHL. These are incorporated in the current analysis through the use of Lubricated Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis (LLTCA), which is far more realistic than the traditional Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA). In addition, the effects of lubricant and flash surface temperature rise of contacting pairs, leading to the thermal thinning of lubricant, are taken into account using a thermal network model. Furthermore, high-speed contact kinematics lead to shear thinning of the lubricant and reduce the film thickness under non-Newtonian traction. This comprehensive approach based on established TEHL analysis, particularly including the effect of LLTCA on the TEHL of spur gears, has not hitherto been reported in literature.
Several Fixed Point Theorems in Convex b-Metric Spaces and Applications
Authors: Chen Lili , Li Chaobo , Kaczmarek Radoslaw , Zhao Yanfeng
Published: February 2020

Our paper is devoted to indicating a way of generalizing Mann’s iteration algorithm and a series of fixed point results in the framework of b-metric spaces. First, the concept of a convex b-metric space by means of a convex structure is introduced and Mann’s iteration algorithm is extended to this space. Next, by the help of Mann’s iteration scheme, strong convergence theorems for two types of contraction mappings in convex b-metric spaces are obtained. Some examples supporting our main results are also presented. Moreover, the problem of the T-stability of Mann’s iteration procedure for the above mappings in complete convex b-metric spaces is considered. As an application, we apply our main result to approximating the solution of the Fredholm linear integral equation.
Generalized Tepper’s Identity and Its Application
Authors: Kruchinin Dmitry , Kruchinin Vladimir , Simsek Yilmaz
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the Tepper identity, which is very important in number theory and combinatorial analysis. Using generating functions and compositions of generating functions, we derive many identities and relations associated with the Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, the Euler numbers and polynomials, and the Stirling numbers. Moreover, we give applications related to the Tepper identity and these numbers and polynomials.
A Parallel-Viscosity-Type Subgradient Extragradient-Line Method for Finding the Common Solution of Variational Inequality Problems Applied to Image Restoration Problems
Authors: Suantai Suthep , Peeyada Pronpat , Yambangwai Damrongsak , Cholamjiak Watcharaporn
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we study a modified viscosity type subgradient extragradient-line method with a parallel monotone hybrid algorithm for approximating a common solution of variational inequality problems. Under suitable conditions in Hilbert spaces, the strong convergence theorem of the proposed algorithm to such a common solution is proved. We then give numerical examples in both finite and infinite dimensional spaces to justify our main theorem. Finally, we can show that our proposed algorithm is flexible and has good quality for use with common types of blur effects in image recovery.
Existence Results for Nonlinear Fractional Problems with Non-Homogeneous Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Cabada Alberto , Wanassi Om Kalthoum
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with the study of the existence and non-existence of solutions of a three-parameter family of nonlinear fractional differential equation with mixed-integral boundary value conditions. We consider the α -Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, with α ∈ ( 1 , 2 ] . To deduce the existence and non-existence results, we first study the linear equation, by deducing the main properties of the related Green functions. We obtain the optimal set of parameters where the Green function has constant sign. After that, by means of the index theory, the nonlinear boundary value problem is studied. Some examples, at the end of the paper, are showed to illustrate the applicability of the obtained results.
A Parameter Identification Method for Stewart Manipulator Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Zhang Chenyang
Published: February 2020

Aiming at inertial and viscous parameter identification for the Stewart manipulator regardless of the influence of Coulomb friction, a simple and effective dynamical parameter identification method based on wavelet transform and joint velocity analysis is proposed in this paper. Compared with previously known identification methods, the advantages of the new approach are that (1) the excitation trajectory is easy to design, and (2) it can not only identify the inertial matrix, but also the viscous matrix accurately regardless of the influence of Coulomb friction. Comparison is made among the identification method proposed in this paper, another identification method proposed previously, and the true value calculated with a formula. The errors from results of different identification methods demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper shows great adaptability and accuracy.
Responsive Economic Model Predictive Control for Next-Generation Manufacturing
Authors: Durand Helen
Published: February 2020

There is an increasing push to make automated systems capable of carrying out tasks which humans perform, such as driving, speech recognition, and anomaly detection. Automated systems, therefore, are increasingly required to respond to unexpected conditions. Two types of unexpected conditions of relevance in the chemical process industries are anomalous conditions and the responses of operators and engineers to controller behavior. Enhancing responsiveness of an advanced control design known as economic model predictive control (EMPC) (which uses predictions of future process behavior to determine an economically optimal manner in which to operate a process) to unexpected conditions of these types would advance the move toward artificial intelligence properties for this controller beyond those which it has today and would provide new thoughts on interpretability and verification for the controller. This work provides theoretical studies which relate nonlinear systems considerations for EMPC to these higher-level concepts using two ideas for EMPC formulations motivated by specific situations related to self-modification of a control design after human perceptions of the process response are received and to controller handling of anomalies.
Clones of Terms of a Fixed Variable
Authors: Wattanatripop Khwancheewa , Changphas Thawhat
Published: February 2020

Let τ be a type of algebras. This paper introduces special terms of type τ called terms of a fixed variable. It turns out that the set of all terms of a fixed variable of type τ forms the many-sorted clone satisfying the superassociative law as identity, under the many-sorted superposition operations. Moreover, based on terms of a fixed variable of type τ , hypersubstitutions of a fixed variable and the related closed identities of a fixed variable and closed variety of a fixed variable are introduced and studied.
A New Higher-Order Iterative Scheme for the Solutions of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Behl Ramandeep , Argyros Ioannis K.
Published: February 2020

Many real-life problems can be reduced to scalar and vectorial nonlinear equations by using mathematical modeling. In this paper, we introduce a new iterative family of the sixth-order for a system of nonlinear equations. In addition, we present analyses of their convergences, as well as the computable radii for the guaranteed convergence of them for Banach space valued operators and error bounds based on the Lipschitz constants. Moreover, we show the applicability of them to some real-life problems, such as kinematic syntheses, Bratu’s, Fisher’s, boundary value, and Hammerstein integral problems. We finally wind up on the ground of achieved numerical experiments, where they perform better than other competing schemes.
Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium on Life Science
Authors: Stonik Valentin A.
Published: February 2020

The search for and isolation of marine biologically active compounds, as well as relevant studies on their structure and properties are important for the adding knowledge about molecular diversity in nature and creation of medicines and other useful products on this basis [...]
CPAP Effect on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Performance in Patients with Moderate-Severe OSA and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities
Authors: Zota Ioana Mădălina , Stătescu Cristian , Sascău Radu Andy , Roca Mihai , Gavril Radu Sebastian , Vasilcu Teodor Flaviu , Boișteanu Daniela , Maștaleru Alexandra , Jitaru Alexandra , Leon Constantin Maria Magdalena , Mitu Florin
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with daytime somnolence, cognitive impairment and high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obesity, associated cardiovascular comorbidities, accelerated erythropoiesis and muscular mitochondrial energetic dysfunctions negatively influence exercise tolerance in moderate-severe OSA patients. The cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) offers an integrated assessment of the individual’s aerobic capacity and helps distinguish the main causes of exercise limitation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the aerobic capacity of OSA patients, before and after short-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Materials and Methods: Our prospective study included 64 patients with newly diagnosed moderate-severe OSA (apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 39.96 ± 19.04 events/h) who underwent CPET before and after CPAP. Thirteen patients were unable to tolerate CPAP or were lost during follow-up. Results: 49.29% of our patients exhibited a moderate or severe decrease in functional capacity (Weber C or D). CPET performance was influenced by gender but not by apnea severity. Eight weeks of CPAP induced significant improvements in maximal exercise load (Δ = 14.23 W, p = 0.0004), maximum oxygen uptake (Δ = 203.87 mL/min, p = 0.004), anaerobic threshold (Δ = 316.4 mL/min, p = 0.001), minute ventilation (Δ = 5.1 L/min, p = 0.01) and peak oxygen pulse (Δ = 2.46, p = 0.007) as well as a decrease in basal metabolic rate (BMR) (Δ = −8.3 kCal/24 h, p = 0.04) and average Epworth score (Δ = −4.58 points, p < 0.000001). Conclusions: Patients with moderate-severe OSA have mediocre functional capacity. Apnea severity (AHI) was correlated with basal metabolic rate, resting heart rate and percent predicted maximum effort but not with anaerobic threshold or maximum oxygen uptake. Although CPET performance was similar in the two apnea severity subgroups, short-term CPAP therapy significantly improved most CPET parameters, suggesting that OSA per se has a negative influence on effort capacity.
Comparison of Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes and Polymeric Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration Membranes for Separation of Lignin and Monosaccharides
Authors: Abejón Ricardo , Rabadán Javier , Garea Aurora , Irabien Angel
Published: February 2020

Lignin is one of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass and must be considered a raw material with attractive applications from an economic and ecological point of view. Therefore, biorefineries must have in mind the most adequate processing to obtain high-quality lignin and the separation tasks that play a key role to improve the purity of the lignin. Separation techniques based on membranes are a promising way to achieve these requirements. In this work, the separation performance of the SILM (Supported Ionic Liquid Membrane) formed with [BMIM][DBP] as IL (Ionic Liquid) and PTFE as membrane support was compared to a nanofiltration (NF) membrane (NP010 by Microdyn-Nadir) and two ultrafiltration (UF) membranes (UF5 and UF10 by Trisep). The SILM showed selective transport of Kraft lignin, lignosulphonate, xylose, and glucose in aqueous solutions. Although it was stable under different conditions and its performance was improved by the integration of agitation, it was not competitive when compared to NF and UF membranes, although the latter ones suffered fouling. The NF membrane was the best alternative for the separation of lignosulphonates from monosaccharides (separation factors around 75 while SILM attained only values lower than 3), while the UF5 membrane should be selected to separate Kraft lignin and monosaccharides (separation factors around 100 while SILM attained only values below 3).
Chemically Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Kim Je-Deok , Ohira Akihiro , Nakao Hidenobu
Published: February 2020

Sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU) with a high ion exchange capacity (IEC) was synthesized using commercially available polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), and a large-area (16 × 18 cm2) crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) membrane was prepared. In addition, we developed an activation process in which the membrane was treated with alkaline and acidic solutions to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2), which forms as a byproduct during heat treatment. CSPPSU membranes obtained using this activation method had high thermal, mechanical and chemical stabilities. In I-ViR free studies for fuel cell evaluation, high performances similar to those using Nafion were obtained. In addition, from the hydrogen (H2) gas crossover characteristics, the durability is much better than that of a Nafion212 membrane. In the studies evaluating the long-term stabilities by using a constant current method, a stability of 4000 h was obtained for the first time. These results indicate that the CSPPSU membrane obtained by using our activation method is promising as a polymer electrolyte membrane.
Review of Microstructures and Properties of Zinc Alloys
Authors: Pola Annalisa , Tocci Marialaura , Goodwin Frank E.
Published: February 2020

According to market data, about 15% of world zinc consumption is devoted to the production of zinc-base alloys that are used for manufacturing automotive parts, electronic/electrical systems and also, water taps and sanitary fittings, household articles, fashion goods, etc. These alloys are characterized by low melting points and high fluidity that make them suitable for foundry applications. Typically, they are processed by hot chamber high-pressure die-casting where can be cast to thicknesses as low as 0.13 mm. The die-cast zinc alloys possess an attractive combination of mechanical properties, permitting them to be applied in a wide variety of functional applications. However, depending on the alloying elements and purposes, some zinc alloys can be processed also by cold chamber die-casting, gravity, or sand casting as well as spin casting and slush casting. In this paper, a detailed overview of the current knowledge in the relationships between processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of zinc-base alloys will be described. In detail, the evolution of the microstructure, the dimensional stability and aging phenomena are described. Furthermore, a thorough discussion on mechanical properties, as such as hardness, tensile, creep, and wear properties of zinc-base alloys is presented.
Sustainable Milling of Ti-6Al-4V: Investigating the Effects of Milling Orientation, Cutter′s Helix Angle, and Type of Cryogenic Coolant
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Suhaimi Hazwani , Zhao Wei , Jamil Muhammad , Nauman Malik M , He Ning , Zaini Juliana
Published: February 2020

Ti-6Al-4V, the most commonly used alloy of titanium, possesses excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, which is the prime reason for the continual rise in its industrial demand worldwide. The extraordinary mechanical properties of the alloy are viewed as a hindrance when it comes to its shaping processes, and the process of milling is no exception to it. The generation of intense heat flux around the cutting zones is an established reason of poor machinability of the alloy and unacceptably low sustainability of its machining. The work presented in this paper attempts to enhance sustainability of milling Ti-6Al-4V by investigating the effects of milling orientation, cutter’s helix angle, cutting speed, and the type of cryogenic coolant and lubricant on the sustainability measures, such as tool damage, cutting energy consumption, process cost, milling forces, and work surface roughness. It was found that micro-lubrication is more effective than the two commonly used cryogenic coolants (carbon dioxide snow and liquid nitrogen) in reducing tool wear, work surface roughness, process cost, and energy consumption. Furthermore, down-milling enormously outperformed up-milling with respect to tool wear, work surface quality, and process cost. Likewise, the high levels of cutter’s helix angle and cutting speed also proved to be beneficial for milling sustainability.
Study on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties and the Mechanisms of Cr-Free Ni-Based Self-Lubricating Composites at a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Zhang Penglin , Zhao Gaopan , Wang Wenzhen , Wang Bin , Shi Peiying , Qi Gang , Yi Gewen
Published: February 2020

A Cr-free Ni-based self-lubricating composites with MoS2 and Ag as lubricants were fabricated by the powder metallurgy method. The microstructures were examined. The mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of the composites were evaluated from room temperature to 800 °C. The fractography was observed and the fracture mechanisms were analyzed. The morphologies and the phase compositions of worn surfaces were determined and the wear mechanisms were elaborated. The results indicate that MoS2 did not completely decompose after sintering, and the NiMoAl-MoS2-Ag composite has the best tribological properties (0.22, 1.68 × 10−5) at 800 °C. The main wear mechanisms are micro-ploughing and plastic deformation. The improvement of tribological properties was attributed to the formation of the lubricating film consisting of NiO, Mo oxides, various molybdates, and Ag particles. The reactions resulting in these compositions are proposed. The mechanical properties degrade with the rise of temperature and the addition of lubricants. Both NiMoAl and NiMoAlAg alloys exhibit micro-void accumulation fracture while the composites with MoS2 reveal intergranular fracture.
Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) and Other Herbivorous Livestock in Ghana
Authors: Kawasaki Kiyonori , Ohya Kenji , Omatsu Tsutomu , Katayama Yukie , Takashima Yasuhiro , Kinoshita Tsuyoshi , Odoi Justice Opare , Sawai Kotaro , Fukushi Hideto , Ogawa Hirohito , Inoue-Murayama Miho , Mizutani Tetsuya , Adenyo Christopher , Matsumoto Yoshiki , Kayang Boniface
Published: February 2020

The grasscutter (also known as the greater cane rat; Thryonomys swinderianus) is a large rodent native to West Africa that is currently under domestication process for meat production. However, little is known about the physiology of this species. In the present study, aiming to provide information about gut microbiota of the grasscutter and better understand its physiology, we investigated the intestinal microbiota of grasscutters and compared it with that of other livestock (cattle, goat, rabbit, and sheep) using 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis. Similar to the other herbivorous animals, bacteria classified as Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were abundant in the microbiome of grasscutters. However, Prevotella and Treponema bacteria, which have fiber fermentation ability, were especially abundant in grasscutters, where the relative abundance of these genera was higher than that in the other animals. The presence of these genera might confer grasscutters the ability to easily breakdown dietary fibers. Diets for grasscutters should be made from ingredients not consumed by humans to avoid competition for resources and the ability to digest fibers may allow the use of fiber-rich feed materials not used by humans. Our findings serve as reference and support future studies on changes in the gut microbiota of the grasscutter as domestication progresses in order to establish appropriate feeding methods and captivity conditions.
Effects of Composting Different Types of Organic Fertilizer on the Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Authors: Zhou Zeming , Yao Huaiying
Published: February 2020

Organic fertilizer is a major carrier that stores and transmits antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In the environment, due to the application of organic fertilizers in agriculture, the increasing diversity and abundance of ARGs poses a potential threat to human health and environmental safety. In this paper, the microbial community structure and ARGs in different types of organic fertilizer treated with composting were examined. We found that the abundance and diversity of ARGs in earthworm cast organic fertilizer were the lowest and the highest in chicken manure organic fertilizer. Interestingly, the abundance and diversity of ARGs, especially beta-lactam resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance genes, in organic fertilizers were reduced significantly, while composting caused no significant change in mobile genetic elements (MGEs), where antibiotic deactivation and the use of efflux pumps were the two most dominant mechanisms. It was clear that removal of ARGs became more efficient with increasing reduction in the bacterial abundances and diversity of potential ARG hosts, and integron-mediated horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) played an important role in the proliferation of most ARG types. Therefore, the reduction in ARGs was mainly driven by changes in bacterial community composition caused by composting. Furthermore, rather than HGTs, the diversity and abundance of bacterial communities affected by compost physical and chemical properties were the main drivers shaping and altering the abundance and diversity of ARGs, which was indicated by a correlation analysis of these properties, antibiotic residues, microbial community structure, and ARGs. In general, high-temperature composting effectively removed antibiotic residues and ARGs from these organic fertilizers; however, it cannot prevent the proliferation of MGEs. The insights gained from these results may be of assistance in the safe and rational use of organic fertilizers by indicating the changes in microbial community structure and ARGs in different types of organic fertilizer treated with composting.
Diverse Microbial Community Profiles of Propionate-Degrading Cultures Derived from Different Sludge Sources of Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Puengrang Pantakan , Suraraksa Benjaphon , Prommeenate Peerada , Boonapatcharoen Nimaradee , Cheevadhanarak Supapon , Tanticharoen Morakot , Kusonmano Kanthida
Published: February 2020

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been used for wastewater treatment and production of renewable energy or biogas. Propionate accumulation is one of the important problems leading to an unstable system and low methane production. Revealing propionate-degrading microbiome is necessary to gain a better knowledge for alleviation of the problem. Herein, we systematically investigated the propionate-degrading cultures enriched from various anaerobic sludge sources of agro-industrial wastewater treatment plants using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Different microbial profiles were shown even though the methanogenic activities of all cultures were similar. Interestingly, non-classical propionate-degrading key players Smithella, Syntrophomonas, and Methanosaeta were observed as common prevalent taxa in our enriched cultures. Moreover, different hydrogenotrophic methanogens were found specifically to the different sludge sources. The enriched culture of high salinity sludge showed a distinct microbial profile compared to the others, containing mainly Thermovirga, Anaerolinaceae, Methanosaeta, Syntrophobactor, and Methanospirillum. Our microbiome analysis revealed different propionate-degrading community profiles via mainly the Smithella pathway and offers inside information for microbiome manipulation in AD systems to increase biogas production corresponding to their specific microbial communities.
Diversity of Bacterial Biosynthetic Genes in Maritime Antarctica
Authors: Rego Adriana , Sousa António G. G. , Santos João P. , Pascoal Francisco , Canário João , Leão Pedro N. , Magalhães Catarina
Published: February 2020

Bacterial natural products (NPs) are still a major source of new drug leads. Polyketides (PKs) and non-ribosomal peptides (NRP) are two pharmaceutically important families of NPs and recent studies have revealed Antarctica to harbor endemic polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, likely to be involved in the production of novel metabolites. Despite this, the diversity of secondary metabolites genes in Antarctica is still poorly explored. In this study, a computational bioprospection approach was employed to study the diversity and identity of PKS and NRPS genes to one of the most biodiverse areas in maritime Antarctica—Maxwell Bay. Amplicon sequencing of soil samples targeting ketosynthase (KS) and adenylation (AD) domains of PKS and NRPS genes, respectively, revealed abundant and unexplored chemical diversity in this peninsula. About 20% of AD domain sequences were only distantly related to characterized biosynthetic genes. Several PKS and NRPS genes were found to be closely associated to recently described metabolites including those from uncultured and candidate phyla. The combination of new approaches in computational biology and new culture-dependent and -independent strategies is thus critical for the recovery of the potential novel chemistry encoded in Antarctica microorganisms.
Identification of Risk Factors Associated With Stage III Disease in Nonmetastatic Colon Cancer: Results From a Prospective National Cohort Study
Authors: Lykke Jakob , Roikjaer Ole , Jess Per , Rosenberg Jacob ,   On behalf of the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group
Published: February 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify possible patient- and tumor-related factors associated with risk of TNM stage III disease in nonmetastatic colon cancer.Methods: The associations between stage III disease and age, sex, lymph node yield, pathological tumor (pT) stage, tumor subsite, type of surgery, and priority of surgery were assessed in a nationwide cohort of 13,766 patients treated with curative resection of colon cancer. Each level of age, lymph node yield, and pT stage was compared to the preceding level.Results: Age, lymph node yield, pT stage, tumor subsite, and priority of surgery were associated with stage III disease. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were as follows: age < 65/65–75 years: 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15–1.43) and 65–75/ > 75 years: 1.22 (95% CI, 1.13–1.32); lymph node yield 0–5/6–11: 0.60 (95% CI, 0.50–0.72), lymph node yield 6–11/12–17: 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76–0.93), and lymph node yield 12–17/ ≥ 18: 0.97 (95% CI, 0.89–1.05); pT1/pT2: 0.74 (95% CI, 0.57–0.95), pT2/pT3: 0.35 (95% CI, 0.30–0.40), and pT3/pT4: 0.49 (95% CI, 0.47–0.54). Only tumors of the transverse colon were independently associated with lower risk of stage III disease than tumors in the sigmoid colon (sigmoid colon: 1, transverse colon: 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73–0.96]; elective surgery: 1, acute surgery: 1.43 [95% CI, 1.29–1.60]).Conclusion: In this study, stage III disease in colon cancer was significantly associated with age, lymph node yield, pT stage, tumor subsite, and priority of surgery but was not associated with right-sided location compared with stage I and II cancers.
Estratégias de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional no ambiente escolar: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Reis Wagner Alessandro dos , Santos Reinaldo Amanda Márcia dos
Published: February 2020

Esta revisão integrativa objetivou buscar e analisar a literatura publicada referente às estratégias de educação nutricional utilizadas na educação básica de escolas públicas e privadas para a formação de hábitos alimentares mais saudáveis. A busca foi realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e a amostra final constituiu-se de 9 artigos, publicados em português na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e na Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF) a partir de 2006, disponibilizados na íntegra e respondiam à pergunta “como estão sendo desenvolvidas as estratégias de educação nutricional na educação básica de escolas públicas e privadas?”. As práticas educativas, de caráter lúdico, foram desenvolvidas para alunos de 3 a 17 anos, de ambos os gêneros. As estratégias utilizadas nos estudos foram montagem da pirâmide alimentar, dinâmicas e discussões em grupo, dramatização, atividades de colorir, pintura, recorte, colagem e montagem de cartazes, jogos e brincadeiras, exibição de filmes, massa de modelar, palestra, explanação de história, oficinas culinárias, montagem de maquete, elaboração de jornal sobre alimentação e concurso de slogan e de música. Foi observada mudança de comportamento e formação de novos hábitos alimentares após as intervenções, mas não foi possível avaliar a manutenção desses hábitos por um período maior de tempo. As ações educativas no ambiente escolar devem acontecer de forma contínua e sistemática e são necessários mais estudos que avaliem as mudanças de comportamento e formação de novos hábitos alimentares por um período mais longo de tempo.
Estudo de tendências das produções sobre avaliação do acesso na Atenção Primária à Saúde com a utilização do instrumento “PCATool”
Authors: Damaceno Adalvane Nobres , Bandeira Danieli , Weiller Teresinha Heck
Published: February 2020

O primeiro contato implica acessibilidade e uso de serviços para cada novo problema ou episódio, para o qual as pessoas procuram cuidados de saúde. Diante disso objetivou-se identificar quais as tendências de produção de conhecimento sobre acesso na ótica da avaliação dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde com a utilização do instrumento Primary Care Assesment Tool no Banco Eletrônico de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto optou-se pela realização de revisão narrativa. Os dados foram coletados no mês de junho de 2014. O corpus do estudo foi constituído por 22 produções. A Porta de entrada, que enfoca a capacidade da unidade em dar resposta a novas demandas ou recorrências.
Conhecimento e autocuidado de indivíduos com diabetes na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Borba Anna Karla Oliveira Tito , Silva Monique Cristine da , Santos Scarlet Bianca Santana dos , Gomes Mayara Crystina Rodrigues
Published: February 2020

Este artigo objetivou avaliar o grau de conhecimento e a aderência às atividades de autocuidado de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, quantitativo, com 176 indivíduos com diabetes assistidos na atenção primária à saúde e selecionados por amostragem não probabilística. Foi utilizada a versão brasileira dos questionários de Conhecimento sobre o Diabetes (DKN-A) e de Autocuidado em Diabetes (QAD). Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva por meio das medidas de tendência central e dispersão e na análise bivariada os testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher. Observou-se que os entrevistados possuem conhecimento sobre o diabetes, sendo influenciado pela idade e renda. Nas atividades de autocuidado, a maior aderência foi ao uso de medicação e, a menor a monitorização da glicemia. Conclui-se que o conhecimento não foi traduzido na prática do autocuidado, sendo necessário o fortalecimento de programas educativos com metodologias ativas.
Limitações da Utilização das Taxas de Internações Sensíveis à Atenção Primária como Indicador do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Primária no Brasil
Authors: Sousa Fernando Augusto Cervantes Garcia de , Silva Lucas Ambrósio Lopes da
Published: February 2020

À medida que a atenção primária tornou-se a porta de entrada do sistema público de saúde no Brasil, criou-se a necessidade da utilização de indicadores capazes de avaliar a sua efetividade, visando auxiliar os gestores na elaboração das políticas públicas de saúde. Nesse sentido, as taxas de internações sensíveis à atenção primária têm sido amplamente utilizadas na literatura com essa finalidade. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura no período de 2008 a 2015 a respeito desse indicador, enfatizando, principalmente, suas limitações na avaliação da efetividade da atenção primária em nosso país. Para tanto, foram levantados artigos na base de dados SciELO no período em questão. Os autores levantados foram unânimes quanto à validade do uso das taxas de internações sensíveis à atenção primária como forma de avaliação do acesso e da qualidade da atenção primária no Brasil. Todavia, os mesmos apontam limitações sobre a sua utilização, uma vez que fatores não necessariamente relacionados à atenção primária foram capazes de interferir nas taxas encontradas. Frente a isso, conclui-se que os gestores devem tomar cuidado na interpretação desse indicador.
Demanda de atendimento em práticas integrativas e complementares por usuários da atenção básica e fatores associados
Authors: Vieira Igor Cordeiro , Jardim Willian Pedro Correa Andrade , Silva Danielle Paula da , Ferraz Fabiana Alaide , Toledo Priscila Silva , Nogueira Mário Círio
Published: February 2020

RESUMOOBJETIVO: Identificar a demanda e a proporção de uso das práticas integrativas e complementares (PIC) pela população residente em área de abrangência de unidade básica de saúde (UBS).MÉTODOS: Inquérito epidemiológico entre os usuários de uma UBS em um município de médio porte em Minas Gerais. A população de estudo consistiu de adultos residentes na área de abrangência desta UBS, atendidos no mês de agosto de 2016. Foram realizadas entrevistas diretas com os pacientes, utilizando um questionário estruturado e estimadas prevalências de respostas positivas a cada questão, testando para associações entre variáveis, com o teste qui-quadrado.RESULTADOS: Entre os entrevistados, houve o predomínio de mulheres, da raça/cor branca, religião católica, escolaridade fundamental incompleta, com cônjuge, ocupação do lar e equilíbrio entre as faixas etárias. A grande maioria (88,3%) conhecia alguma PIC, sendo as mais conhecidas a acupuntura (78,9%) e a homeopatia (67,7%). Cerca de metade (53,3%) já utilizou alguma PIC, e as mais usadas foram a fitoterapia (36,0%) e a homeopatia (24,3%). A demanda percebida de atendimento pelas PIC foi de 81,9% e de informação de 92,5%, com pequenas diferenças entre as diversas PIC. Apenas 34,9% dos usuários da UBS sabiam que as PIC são oferecidas em serviços públicos de saúde do município, sendo a homeopatia a que teve maior proporção (25,3%). Dentre as variáveis sociodemográficas, o conhecimento sobre as PIC esteve associado à escolaridade mais alta, o uso das PIC ao sexo feminino, a necessidade de informação sobre as PIC à raça/cor não branca e às religiões evangélicas, e o conhecimento sobre as PIC estarem disponíveis no SUS à idade mais elevada. A necessidade de atendimento pelas PIC não se associou a nenhuma variável.CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo identificou a existência de uma demanda populacional pelas PIC que ainda não é plenamente atendida pelo sistema de saúde. Identificou também uma necessidade de informação em relação a aspectos conceituais das PIC e sobre a oferta existente atualmente no SUS.
Psiquiatria e espiritualidade: em busca da formulação bio-psico-socio-espiritual do caso
Authors: Alves de Oliveira e Oliveira Fabrício Henrique , De Rezende Pinto Alexandre
Published: February 2020

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, diversas e rigorosas pesquisas têm sido realizadas e publicadas apontando uma associação, em geral, positiva entre envolvimento religioso e melhor saúde física e mental. Além disso, a grande maioria das pessoas ao redor do mundo têm alguma crença ou filiação religiosa e apresentam uma expectativa de que aspectos religiosos e espirituais sejam abordados em seus tratamentos médicos. Objetivo: Atualizar os profissionais de saúde no contexto da abordagem da R/E na prática clínica, principalmente da psiquiatria. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão buscando as evidências das diretrizes práticas da abordagem da R/E no atendimento clínico. Resultados: Os profissionais de saúde devem ter conhecimento do impacto positivo do envolvimento religioso na saúde física e mental e compreender suas implicações clínicas, até mesmo porque associações mundiais de diversos países na área da psiquiatria têm incentivado tal abordagem. No entanto, muitos profissionais, dentre os quais psiquiatras e psicólogos, são menos religiosos do que a população em geral. Além disso, dentre outras causas alegadas para que essa abordagem da R/E não se efetive na prática estão a falta de treinamento adequado, falta de tempo e medo de infringir barreiras éticas. Uma forma de se incluir abordagens religiosas no tratamento é a recomendação de se coletar uma história espiritual dos pacientes. Dessa maneira, será possível identificar possíveis conflitos espirituais existentes, realizando-se os devidos aconselhamentos e encaminhamentos dos pacientes para seus grupos religiosos. Existem, ainda estudos avaliando a aplicação de intervenções terapêuticas com base religiosa, tal como a adaptação à terapia cognitivo-comportamental. Conclusão: a formulação bio-psico-socio-espiritual do caso pode ser considerada uma proposta mais integrativa do ponto de vista diagnóstico e terapêutico do que o modelo apenas bio-psico-social para a formulação do caso clínico em psiquiatria.
Relações entre espiritualidade / religiosidade e Psiquiatria no Brasil
Authors: Heckert Uriel , R. Zimpel Rogério
Published: February 2020

As relações entre espiritualidade/religiosidade e Psiquiatria no Brasil passaram por momentos distintos. Os relatos estão fragmentados e distribuídos em diversas fontes. Em uma revisão narrativa esse artigo tem por objetivo oferecer uma visão geral dos protagonistas e principais fatos de cada etapa, desde o século XIX até os dias atuais. A nomeação de Juliano Moreira, em 1903, para a direção do Hospital Nacional dos Alienados (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) é o marco inicial da Psiquiatria cientifica brasileira. O pano de fundo é a visão Positivista do mundo e do ser humano, com a expectativa de que a ciência suplantaria todas as crenças religiosas e metafísicas. Foi preciso que o vigor da Modernidade esmaecesse para que outro entendimento aflorasse. Nas últimas décadas do século XX psiquiatras receptivos ao tema das crenças conseguiram abrir espaços em associações profissionais para debater sobre espiritualidade e somente a partir da década de 1990 as pesquisas nacionais em Psiquiatria começaram a incluir a espiritualidade. Desde então, o conjunto de evidências cresceu célere, mas consistentemente. Em nível mundial – e em menos de três décadas - o Brasil já está entre os cinco países com maior número de publicações sobre espiritualidade/religiosidade e saúde mental, com potencial para permanecer em posição de destaque, pois possui população com grande religiosidade, ao mesmo tempo em que surge uma nova geração de pesquisadores engajados no tema.
An Automatic Localization of Optic Disc in Low Resolution Retinal Images by Modified Directional Matched Filter
Authors: Raman Murugan , Korah Reeba , Tamilselvan Kavitha
Published: February 2020

An automatic optic disc localization in retinal images used to screen eye related diseases like diabetic retinopathy. Many techniques are available to detect Optic Disc (OD) in high-resolution retinal images. Unfortunately, there are no efficient methods available to detect OD in low-resolution retinal images. The objective of this research paper is to develop an automated method for localization of Optic Disc in low resolution retinal images. This paper proposes a modified directional matched filter parameters of the retinal blood vessels to localize the center of optic disc. The proposed method was implemented in MATLAB and evaluated both normal and abnormal low resolution retinal images using the subset of Optic Nerve Head Segmentation Dataset (ONHSD) and the success percentage was found to be an average of 96.96% with 23seconds
FAAD: A Self-Optimizing Algorithm for Anomaly Detection
Authors: Hashmi Adeel , Ahmad Tanvir
Published: February 2020

Anomaly/Outlier detection is the process of finding abnormal data points in a dataset or data stream. Most of the anomaly detection algorithms require setting of some parameters which significantly affect the performance of the algorithm. These parameters are generally set by hit-and-trial; hence performance is compromised with default or random values. In this paper, the authors propose a self-optimizing algorithm for anomaly detection based on firefly meta-heuristic, and named as Firefly Algorithm for Anomaly Detection (FAAD). The proposed solution is a non-clustering unsupervised learning approach for anomaly detection. The algorithm is implemented on Apache Spark for scalability and hence the solution can handle big data as well. Experiments were conducted on various datasets, and the results show that the proposed solution is much accurate than the standard algorithms of anomaly detection.
A New Application for Gabor Filters in Face-Based Gender Classification
Authors: Al-Wajih Ebrahim , Ahmed Moataz
Published: February 2020

Human face is one of the most important biometrics as it contains information such as gender, race, and age. Identifying the gender based on human face images is a challenging problem that has been extensively studied due to its various relevant applications. Several approaches were used to address this problem by specifying suitable features. In this study, we present an extension of feature extraction technique based on statistical aggregation and Gabor filters. We extract statistical features from the image of a face after applying Gabor filters; subsequently, we use seven classifiers to investigate the performance of the selected features. Experiments show that the accuracy achieved using the proposed features is comparable to accuracies reported in recent studies. We used seven classifiers to investigate the performance of our proposed features. Experiments reveal that k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (k-NN), K-Star classifier (K*), and Rotation Forest offer the best accuracies
Enhancement of the Heuristic Optimization Based Extended Space Forests with Classifier Ensembles
Authors: Kilimci Zeynep , Omurca Sevinç
Published: February 2020

Extended space forests are a matter of common knowledge for ensuring improvements on classification problems. They provide richer feature space and present better performance than the original feature space-based forests. Most of the contemporary studies employs original features as well as various combinations of them as input vectors for extended space forest approach. In this study, we seek to boost the performance of classifier ensembles by integrating them with heuristic optimization-based features. The contributions of this paper are fivefold. First, richer feature space is developed by using random combinations of input vectors and features picked out with ant colony optimization method which have high importance and not have been associated before. Second, we propose widely used classification algorithm which is utilized baseline classifier. Third, three ensemble strategies, namely bagging, random subspace, and random forests are proposed to ensure diversity. Fourth, a wide range of comparative experiments are conducted on widely used biomedicine datasets gathered from the University of California Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository to contribute to the advancement of proposed study. Finally, extended space forest approach with the proposed technique turns out remarkable experimental results compared to the original version and various extended versions of recent state-of-art studies
Swedish Gay Men's Pursuit of Fatherhood
Authors: Malmquist Anna , Spånberg Ekholm Alexander
Published: February 2020

The aim of the present work is to explore how gay fathers have experienced legal obstacles throughout their process of becoming fathers, and what strategies they have used to cope with the difficulties they have met. The study used semi-structured interviews to capture the fathers’ experiences, and a constructivist grounded theory to analyse the data. Interviews with thirty gay fathers in Sweden were included in the study. The participants had become fathers through surrogacy, shared parenthood with women, or foster care. Legal obstacles had played a prominent role in all three family forms, as well as in adoption – which some participants had unsuccessfully pursued. Obstacles marked both their pursuit of fatherhood and their establishment of legal custody. Some participants had eventually given up their initially preferred path to parenthood and searched for another route. To overcome legal obstacles, the participants had utilised one or more strategies; such as being persistent and well prepared, pretending to be straight, and finding access to assisted reproduction treatment abroad. Regardless of the path to parenthood, the participants stressed the necessity of possessing adequate personal or economic resources to become parents.
Through the Stomach to the Heart
Authors: Mizielińska Joanna , Stasińska Agata
Published: February 2020

The concept of families of choice was introduced almost three decades ago by Kath Weston (1997). She used it to describe the situation of the LGBTQ community in the era of the HIV/AIDS crisis, when the relations with families of origin had been heavily tested and proved to fail, whereas relations with friends were the primary source of care and support for the sick and dying, as well as their partners. Since then, contemporary non-heterosexual families are understood as their queer descendants and often the term “families of choice” is used synonymously. However, whereas much had been written about the ideologies of queer kinship, the sphere of the daily, ordinary, and often imperceptible practices of kinning, when nothing exceptional is happening (like a disease or family crisis) has still not been sufficiently examined. Therefore, it could be argued that the debate on queer kinship is rather conceptual and abstract with its focus on normativity/antinormativity (Wiegman and Wilson 2015), whereas the sphere of ordinariness and everydayness, where most of the queer kinning actually happens, is being neglected and marginalised in the discussion on queer kinship. In the paper, we explore this unmapped territory of queer kinship studies and specifically take a closer look at the material and everyday dimensions of kinship. To do so, we use the data gathered within the ethnographic research done within the Families of Choice in Poland-study (2013–2016, PI: Joanna Mizielińska). In this project, during thirty days of observation and several thematic interviews, done with twenty-one families, we were able to capture an in-depth picture of how the kinning practices are performed in daily life. In the paper we explore practices of silent intimacy (Jamieson 1998), focusing on food sharing practices among partners, but also between them and their families of origin that not always fully accept and support their relationship. In critical dialogue with Anglo- American scholarship on queer kinship, which built on and extends Weston’s classic work, we want to demonstrate that changing focus from its antinormative centrality towards embracing the ordinariness (Martin 1997) and everydayness of queer kinning, might not only contribute to developing the field, but also help us to understand the complexity of relational lives.