bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIRPα controls CD47-dependent platelet clearance in mice and humans
Authors: Shoham Maia , Yiu Ying Ying , Hansen Paige S. , Subramaniam Aanya , Broberg Martin , Gars Eric , Raveh Tal ,   FinnGen, Weissman Irving L. , Sinnott-Armstrong Nasa , Krishnan Anandi , Ollila Hanna M. , Tal Michal Caspi
Published: December 2023

Over the last decade, more data has revealed that increased surface expression of the “don’t eat me” CD47 protein on cancer cells plays a role in immune evasion and tumor progression, with CD47 blockade emerging as a new therapy in immuno-oncology. CD47 is critical in regulating cell homeostasis and clearance, as binding of CD47 to the inhibitory receptor SIRPα can prevent phagocytosis and macrophage-mediated cell clearance. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the CD47-SIRPα signal in platelet homeostasis and clearance. Therapeutic reagents targeting the CD47-SIRPα axis are very promising for treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, but lead to transient anemia or thrombocytopenia in a subset of patients. We found that platelet homeostatic clearance is regulated through the CD47-SIRPα axis and that therapeutic blockade to disrupt this interaction in mice and in humans has a significant impact on platelet levels. Furthermore, we identified genetic variations at theSIRPAlocus that impact platelet levels in humans such that higherSIRPAgene expression is associated with higher platelet levels.SIRPAexpression at either end of the normal range may affect clinical outcomes of treatment with anti-CD47 therapy.

Key points

Platelet homeostasis is regulated through the CD47-SIRPα axis and therapeutic blockade to disrupt this interaction impacts platelet levels

Common genetic variants atSIRPAlocus associate with platelet levels
A non-canonical role of somatic CYCLIN D/CYD-1 in oogenesis and reproductive aging, dependent on the FOXO/DAF-16 activation state
Authors: Rautela Umanshi , Sarkar Gautam Chandra , Chaudhary Ayushi , Chatterjee Debalina , Rosh Mohtashim , Arimbasseri Aneeshkumar G. , Mukhopadhyay Arnab
Published: December 2023

For the optimal survival of a species, an organism coordinates its reproductive decisions with the nutrient availability of its niche. Thus, nutrient-sensing pathways like insulin-IGF-1 signaling (IIS) play an important role in modulating cell division, oogenesis, and reproductive aging. Lowering of the IIS leads to the activation of the downstream FOXO transcription factor (TF) DAF-16 inCaenorhabditis eleganswhich promotes oocyte quality and delays reproductive aging. However, less is known about how the IIS axis responds to changes in cell cycle proteins, particularly in the somatic tissues. Here, we show a new aspect of the regulation of the germline by this nutrient- sensing axis. First, we show that the canonical G1-S cyclin,cyclin D/cyd-1, regulates reproductive aging from the uterine tissue of wild-type worms. Then, we show that knocking downcyd-1in the uterine tissue of an IIS receptor mutant arrests oogenesis at the pachytene stage of meiosis-1 in a FOXO/DAF-16-dependent manner. We find that activated FOXO/DAF-16 destroys the somatic gonad tissues like the sheath cells, and transcriptionally prevents the spermatogenesis-to- oogenesis switch to orchestrate this arrest. Deleting FOXO/DAF-16 releases the arrest and restores the somatic gonad but leads to the production of poor-quality oocytes. Together, our study reveals the unrecognized cell non-autonomous interaction of CYD-1 and FOXO/DAF-16 in reproductive aging and the regulation of oogenesis.
Rethinking Dormancy: Antibiotic Persisters are Metabolically Active, Non-Growing Cells
Authors: Rahman K M Taufiqur , Amaratunga Ruqayyah , Butzin Xuan Yi , Singh Abhyudai , Hossain Tahmina , Butzin Nicholas C.
Published: December 2023

Bacterial persisters are a subpopulation of multidrug-tolerant cells capable of surviving and resuming activity after exposure to bactericidal antibiotic concentrations, contributing to relapsing infections and the development of antibiotic resistance. We challenge the conventional view that persisters are metabolically dormant by providing compelling evidence that an isogenic population ofEscherichia coliremains metabolically active in persistence. Our transcriptomic analysis, conducted at various time points following exposure to bactericidal concentrations of ampicillin (Amp), revealed a number of genes with differential expression over time. Some genes were consistently upregulated in Amp treated persisters compared to the untreated controls, a change that can only occur in metabolically active cells capable of increasing RNA levels. Some of these genes have been previously linked to persister cells, while others have not been associated with them before. If persister cells were metabolically dormant, we would expect minimal changes in the gene network across different time points of Amp treatment. However, network analysis revealed major shifts in gene network activity at various time points of antibiotic exposure. These findings reveal that persisters are metabolically active, non-dividing cells, thereby challenging the notion that they are dormant.

Significance statement

Bacterial persisters are a subpopulation renowned for their multidrug tolerance and remarkable ability to survive bactericidal antibiotic treatments; understanding their formation and long-term survival presents significant challenges. These persisters play a critical role in driving antibiotic resistance, underscoring the urgency of deepening our knowledge about them as the threat of resistance continues to escalate. Our study challenges the long-held assumption that persisters are metabolically inactive and that persisters are not as dormant as previously thought.
Prevalence and characteristics ofPlasmodium vivaxGametocytes in Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations across Ethiopia
Authors: Little Ebony , Shenkutie Tassew T. , Negash Meshesha Tsigie , Abagero Beka R. , Abebe Abnet , Popovici Jean , Mekasha Sindew , Lo Eugenia
Published: December 2023

Plasmodiumparasites replicate asexually in the human host. The proportion of infections that carries gametocytes is a proxy for human-to-mosquito transmissibility. It is unclear what proportion ofP. vivaxinfections in Duffy-negatives carries gametocytes. This study aims to determine the prevalence ofP. vivaxin Duffy-negatives across broad regions of Ethiopia and characterize parasite stages. Finger-prick blood samples were collected for microscopic and molecular screening ofPlasmodiumparasites and Duffy status of individuals. Molecular screening of plasmodium species and Duffy blood group genotyping was done using SYBR green and Taqman qPCR method. Among the total 447 samples, 414 (92.6%) wereP.vivaxconfirmed and, 16 (3.9%) of them were from Duffy-negatives. Of these, 5/16 (31.3%) Duffy-negativeP.vivax-infected samples were detected with gametocytes. Of the 398 Duffy-positiveP.vivax-infected samples, 150 (37.7%) were detected with gametocytes, slightly higher than that in Duffy-negatives. This study highlights the presence ofP. vivaxgametocytes in Duffy-negative infections, suggestive of human-to-mosquito transmissibility. AlthoughP. vivaxinfections in Duffy-negatives are commonly associated with low parasitemia, some of these infections were shown with relatively high parasitemia and may represent better erythrocyte invasion capability ofP. vivaxand hidden reservoirs that can contribute to transmission. A better understanding ofP. vivaxtransmission biology and gametocyte function particularly in Duffy-negative populations would aid future treatment and management of vivax malaria in Africa
The gut commensalBlautiamaintains colonic mucus function under low fiber consumption through short-chain fatty acid-mediated activation of Ffar2
Authors: Holmberg Sandra M. , Feeney Rachel H. , Prasoodanan P.K. Vishnu , Puértolas-Balint Fabiola , Singh Dhirendra K. , Wongkuna Supapit , Zandbergen Lotte , Hauner Hans , Brandl Beate , Nieminen Anni I. , Skurk Thomas , Schroeder Bjoern O.
Published: December 2023

Beneficial gut bacteria are indispensable for developing colonic mucus and fully establishing its protective function against intestinal microorganisms. Low-fiber diet consumption alters the gut bacterial configuration and disturbs this microbe-mucus interaction, but the specific bacteria and microbial metabolites responsible for maintaining mucus function remain poorly understood. By using human-to-mouse microbiota transplantation andex vivoanalysis of colonic mucus function, our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that individuals who increase their daily dietary fiber intake can improve the capacity of their gut microbiota to prevent diet-mediated mucus defects. Mucus growth, a critical feature of intact colonic mucus, correlated with the abundance of the gut commensalBlautia, and supplementation ofBlautia coccoidesto mice confirmed its mucus-stimulating capacity. Mechanistically,B. coccoidesstimulated mucus growth through the production of the short-chain fatty acids propionate and acetate via activation of the short-chain fatty acid receptor Ffar2, which could serve as a new target to restore mucus growth during mucus-associated lifestyle diseases.
A Mutation-driven oncofetal regression fuels phenotypic plasticity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Mzoughi Slim , Schwarz Megan , Wang Xuedi , Demircioglu Deniz , Ulukaya Gulay , Mohammed Kevin , Tullio Federico Di , Company Carlos , Dramaretska Yuliia , Leushacke Marc , Giotti Bruno , Lannagan Tamsin , Lozano-Ojalvo Daniel , Hasson Dan , Tsankov Alexander M. , Sansom Owen J , Marine Jean-Christophe , Barker Nick , Gargiulo Gaetano , Guccione Ernesto
Published: December 2023

Targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) is crucial for effective cancer treatment1. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to LGR5+CSCs depletion in colorectal cancer (CRC)2,3remain largely elusive. Here, we unveil the existence of a primitive cell state dubbed the oncofetal (OnF) state, which works in tandem with the LGR5+stem cells (SCs) to fuel tumor evolution in CRC. OnF cells emerge early during intestinal tumorigenesis and exhibit features of lineage plasticity. Normally suppressed by the Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) in mature SCs, the OnF program is triggered by genetic deletion of the gatekeeper APC. We demonstrate that diminished RXR activity unlocks an epigenetic circuity governed by the cooperative action of YAP and AP1, leading to OnF reprogramming. This high-plasticity state is inherently resistant to conventional chemotherapies and its adoption by LGR5+CSCs enables them to enter a drug-tolerant state. Furthermore, through phenotypic tracing and ablation experiments, we uncover a functional redundancy between the OnF and stem cell (SC) states and show that targeting both cellular states is essential for sustained tumor regressionin vivo. Collectively, these findings establish a mechanistic foundation for developing effective combination therapies with enduring impact on CRC treatment.
Highly efficient transgenic mouse production using piggyBac and its application to rapid phenotyping at the founder generation
Authors: Okamura Eiichi , Mizuno Seiya , Matsumoto Shoma , Murata Kazuya , Tanimoto Yoko , Tra Dinh Thi Huong , Suzuki Hayate , Kang Woojin , Ema Tomoka , Morimoto Kento , Kato Kanako , Matsumoto Tomoko , Masuyama Nanami , Kijima Yusuke , Morimura Toshifumi , Sugiyama Fumihiro , Takahashi Satoru , Mizutani Eiji , Woltjen Knut , Yachie Nozomu , Ema Masatsugu
Published: December 2023

Pronuclear microinjection is the most popular method for producing transgenic (Tg) animals. Because the production efficiency is typically less than 20%, phenotypic characterization of Tg animals is generally performed on the next generation (F1) onwards. However, apart from in rodents, in many animal species with long generation times, it is desirable to perform phenotyping in the founder (F0) generation. In this study, we attempted to optimize a method of Tg mouse production to achieve higher Tg production efficiency using piggyBac transposon systems and established optimal conditions under which almost all individuals in the F0 generation were Tg. We also succeeded in generating bacterial artificial chromosome Tg mice with efficiency of approximately 70%. By combining this method with genome editing technology, we established a new strategy to perform phenotyping of mice with tissue-specific knockout using the F0 generation. Taking the obtained findings together, by using this method, experimental research using Tg animals can be carried out more efficiently.
E3 ligase ASB3 downregulates antiviral innate immunity by targeting MAVS for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation
Authors: Cheng Mingyang , Lu Yiyuan , Wang Jiarui , Wang Haixu , Sun Yu , Zhao Wenhui , Wang Junhong , Shi Chunwei , Luo Jiawei , Gao Ming , Yu Tianxin , Wang Jianzhong , Guan Jiayao , Wang Nan , Yang Wentao , Jiang Yanlong , Huang Haibin , Yang Guilian , Cao Xin , Yang Dongqin , Wang Chunfeng , Zeng Yan
Published: December 2023

E3 ubiquitin ligases are very important to regulate antiviral immunity during viral infection. Here, we discovered that Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 3 (ASB3), an E3 ligase, are upregulated in the presence of RNA viruses, particularly Influenza A virus (IAV). Notably, overexpression of ASB3 inhibits type I IFN (IFN-I) responses induced by Sendai virus (SeV) and H9N2, and ablation of ASB3 restores SeV and H9N2 infection-mediated transcription of IFN-β and its downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Interestingly, animals lacking ASB3 showed a decreased susceptibility to H9N2 and PR8 infections. Mechanistically, ASB3 interacts with MAVS and directly mediates K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of MAVS at K297, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of TBK1 and IRF3, downregulating downstream antiviral signaling. These findings establish ASB3 as a critical negative regulator in controlling the activation of antiviral signaling and describe a novel function of ASB3 that has not been previously reported.

IMPORTANCE

IAV is a significant zoonotic pathogen that causes infections of the respiratory system. Hosts have evolved multiple strategies to defend against IAV infection. However, not all host proteins play an active defense role. In this study, we found that the E3 ligase ASB3 regulates antiviral immunity by manipulating MAVS stability. Briefly, overexpression of ASB3 degrades MAVS, thereby promoting viral replication. In contrast, ASB3 deletion restores MAVS expression, upregulating IFN-I responses. Additional research revealed that ASB3 mediates the K48-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS at K297, resulting in ASB3 being degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These findings reveal, for the first time, a novel mechanism by which ASB3 negatively regulates antiviral immunity and provides a potential target for anti-IAV drug development.
Early Embryonic Establishment of Constitutive Heterochromatin Involves H3K14ac-mediated Recruitment of Eggless/SetDB1
Authors: Tang Ruijun , Zhou Mengqi , Chen Yuwei , Jiang Zhenghui , Fan Xunan , Zhang Jingheng , Dong Aiping , Lv Lu , Mao Song , Chen Fang , Min Jinrong , Liu Ke , Yuan Kai
Published: December 2023

Constitutive heterochromatin, built on various types of repetitive DNA, is a fundamental feature of eukaryotic nucleus essential for transposon silencing and genome stability. However, the molecular programs driving itsde novoestablishment during early embryogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac) is maternally inherited and partially colocalizes with hallmarks of constitutive heterochromatin, H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and its methyltransferase Eggless/SetDB1, around the mid-blastula transition inDrosophilaearly embryos. Concealing H3K14ac by either antibody injection or maternal knockdown of Gcn5 diminishes Eggless/SetDB1 nuclear foci and reduces the deposition of H3K9me3. Structural analysis reveals that Eggless/SetDB1 recognizes H3K14ac via its tandem Tudor domains, and disrupting the binding interface causes defects in Eggless/SetDB1 distribution and derepression of a subset of transposons. Therefore, H3K14ac, a histone modification associated with active transcription, is a crucial piece of the maternal programs that introduce constitutive heterochromatic features to the newly formed zygotic genome.
FRET-sensitized acceptor emission localization (FRETsael) - nanometer localization of biomolecular interactions using fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Razvag Yair , Drori Paz , Klemfner Shalhevet , Meshorer Eran , Lerner Eitan
Published: December 2023

Super-resolution light microscopy techniques facilitate the observation of nanometer-size biomolecules, which are 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the diffraction limit of light. Using super-resolution microscopy techniques, it is possible to observe fluorescence from two biomolecules in close proximity, however not necessarily in direct interaction. Using FRET-sensitized acceptor emission localization (FRETsael), we localize biomolecular interactions exhibiting FRET with nanometer accuracy, from two-color fluorescence lifetime imaging data. The concepts of FRETsael were tested first against simulations, in which the recovered localization accuracy is 20-30 nm for true-positive detections of FRET pairs. Further analyses of the simulation results report the conditions in which true-positive rates are maximal. We then show the capabilities of FRETsael on simulated samples of Actin-Vinculin and ER-ribosomes interactions, as well as on experimental samples of actin-myosin two-color confocal imaging. Conclusively, the FRETsael approach paves the way towards studying biomolecular interactions with improved spatial resolution from laser scanning confocal two-color fluorescence lifetime imaging.
High-throughput viscoelastic characterization of cells in hyperbolic microchannels
Authors: Reichel Felix , Goswami Ruchi , Girardo Salvatore , Guck Jochen
Published: December 2023

Extensive research has demonstrated the potential of cell viscoelastic properties as intrinsic indicators of cell state, functionality, and disease. For this, several microfluidic techniques have been developed to measure cell viscoelasticity with high-throughput. However, current microchannel designs introduce complex stress distributions on cells, leading to inaccuracies in determining the stress-strain relationship and, consequently, the viscoelastic properties. Here, we introduce a novel approach using hyperbolic microchannels that enable precise measurements under a constant extensional stress and offer a straightforward stress-strain relationship, while operating at a measurement rate of up to 100 cells per second. We quantified the stresses acting in the channels using mechanical calibration particles made from polyacrylamide (PAAm) and found that the measurement buffer, a solution of methyl cellulose and phosphate buffered saline, has a constant extensional viscosity of 0.5 Pa s up to 200 s-1. By measuring oil droplets with varying viscosities, we successfully detected changes in the relaxation time of the droplets and our approach could be used to get the interfacial tension and viscosity of liquid-liquid droplet systems from the same measurement. We further applied this methodology to PAAm microgel beads, demonstrating the accurate recovery of Young’s moduli and the near-ideal elastic behavior of the beads. To explore the influence of altered cell viscoelasticity, we treated HL60 human leukemia cells with Latrunculin B and Nocodazole, resulting in clear changes in cell stiffness while relaxation times were only minimally affected. In conclusion, our approach offers a streamlined and time-efficient solution for assessing the viscoelastic properties of large cell populations and other microscale soft particles.
Oligodendrocytes and neurons contribute to amyloid-β deposition in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sasmita Andrew Octavian , Depp Constanze , Nazarenko Taisiia , Sun Ting , Siems Sophie B. , Yu Xuan , Boehler Carolin , Ong Erinne Cherisse , Bues Bastian , Evangelista Lisa , Morgado Barbara , Wu Zoe , Ruhwedel Torben , Subramanian Swati , Börensen Friederike , Overhoff Katharina , Spieth Lena , Berghoff Stefan A. , Sadleir Katherine Rose , Vassar Robert , Eggert Simone , Goebbels Sandra , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi , Möbius Wiebke , Castelo-Branco Gonçalo , Klafki Hans-Wolfgang , Wirths Oliver , Wiltfang Jens , Jäkel Sarah , Yan Riqiang , Nave Klaus-Armin
Published: December 2023

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to be of neuronal origin. However, in single-cell RNAseq datasets from mouse and human, we found transcripts of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the amyloidogenic-processing machinery equally abundant in oligodendrocytes (OLs). By cell-type-specific deletion of Bace1 in a humanized knock-in AD model,APPNLGF, we demonstrate that almost a third of cortical Aβ deposited in plaques is derived from OLs. However, excitatory projection neurons must provide a threshold level of Aβ production for plaque deposition to occur and for oligodendroglial Aβ to co-aggregate. Indeed, very few plaques are deposited in the absence of neuronally-derived Aβ, although soluble Aβ species are readily detected, especially in subcortical white matter. Our data identify OLs as a source of Aβ in vivo and further underscore a non-linear relationship between cellular Aβ production and resulting plaque formation. Ultimately, our observations are relevant for therapeutic strategies aimed at disease prevention in AD.
Alka(e)nes contribute to membrane lipid homeostasis and resilience of photosynthesis to high light in cyanobacteria
Authors: Miao Rui , Légeret Bertrand , Cuine Stéphan , Burlacot Adrien , Lindblad Peter , Li-Beisson Yonghua , Beisson Frédéric , Peltier Gilles
Published: December 2023

Alka(e)nes are produced by many living organisms and exhibit diverse physiological roles, reflecting a high functional versatility. Alka(e)nes serve as water proof wax in plants, communicating pheromones for insects, and microbial signaling molecules in some bacteria. Although alka(e)nes have been found in cyanobacteria and algal chloroplasts, a possible role in photosynthesis and chloroplast function remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the consequences of the absence of alka(e)nes on membrane lipid remodeling and photosynthesis using the cyanobacteriaSynechocystisPCC6803 as a model organism. By following the dynamics of membrane lipids and the photosynthetic performance in strains defected and altered in alka(e)ne biosynthesis, we show that a profound remodeling of the membrane lipidome and carotenoid content occur in the absence of alka(e)nes, including a decrease in the membrane carotenoid content, a decrease in some digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species and a parallel increase in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) species. Under high light, this effect is accompanied in alka(e)ne deficient strains by a higher susceptibility of photosynthesis and growth, the effect being reversed by expressing an algal photoenzyme producing alka(e)nes from fatty acids. We conclude that alka(e)nes play a crucial role in maintaining lipid homeostasis of photosynthetic membranes, thereby contributing to the proper functioning of photosynthesis, particularly under elevated light intensities.

Significance statement

We used cyanobacteria as a model organism to explore the role of alka(e)nes related to photosynthesis. Our findings reveal that the absence of alka(e)nes induces alterations in the composition of membrane lipids and carotenoid content, resulting in an increased susceptibility of photosynthesis. By introducing a fatty acid photodecarboxylase to produce alkanes, we could reverse these effects, highlighting the critical role of alka(e)nes in maintaining lipid balance in photosynthetic membranes and ensuring efficient photosynthesis. Uncovering the physiological role of alka(e)nes provides insights to a better understanding of the widespread presence of genes encoding alka(e)nes-synthesizing enzymes in cyanobacteria and microalgae, organisms of major ecological and evolutionary importance in the global CO2assimilation.
Flotillins affect LPS-induced TLR4 signaling by modulating the trafficking and abundance of CD14
Authors: Matveichuk Orest V. , Ciesielska Anna , Hromada-Judycka Aneta , Nowak Natalia , Ben Amor Ichrak , Kwiatkowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

Lipopolysaccharide induces a strong pro-inflammatory reaction of macrophages upon activation of Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4) with the assistance of CD14 protein. Considering a key role of plasma membrane rafts in CD14 and TLR4 activity and the significant impact exerted on that activity by endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of the both LPS acceptors, it seemed likely that the pro-inflammatory reaction could be modulated by flotillins. Flotillin-1 and -2 are scaffolding proteins associated with plasma membrane rafts and also with endo-membranes, affecting both the plasma membrane dynamics and intracellular protein trafficking. To verify the above hypothesis, a set of shRNA was used to down-regulate flotillin-2 in Raw264 cells, which were found to also become deficient in flotillin-1. The flotillin deficiency inhibited strongly the TRIF-dependent endosomal signaling of LPS-activated TLR4, and to a lower extent also the MyD88-dependent one, without affecting the cellular level of TLR4. In contrast, the depletion of flotillins down-regulated the CD14 mRNA level and the total cellular content of CD14 protein, and decreased the amount of CD14 on the cell surface. The constitutive CD14 endocytosis remained unchanged but CD14 recycling was enhanced via EEA1-positive early endosomes and golgin-97-positivetrans-Golgi network, likely to compensate for the depletion of the cell-surface CD14. Notably, a paucity of surface CD14 in resting cells can inhibit TLR4 signaling after the stimulation of cells with LPS. In conclusion, we have shown here that flotillins modulate the pro-inflammatory response of macrophages to LPS by affecting the abundance of CD14.
The logic behind evolution of economic systems under uncertainty and the choice of a socialist market economy
Authors: Qiao Zhen
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to determine the status of the socialist market economy through a logical analysis of the evolution of economic systems in human society.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents an analysis of uncertainty and the functions performed by different economic systems in managing and resolving it, thereby explaining the evolutionary rationale behind economic system evolution.

Findings

Firstly, the socialist market economy empowers the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation, which serves as the foundation for activating individuals' motivation to engage in economic activities. Secondly, the socialist market economy adheres to the basic socialist economic system, which is the basis for the socialist market economy to stabilize the economy and society or to address the risk of economic uncertainty that may trigger macro-level inconsistencies in economic operations. Thirdly, the advantages of a socialist market economy in adapting to economic uncertainties do not arise spontaneously and must be exerted through continuous improvement of the socialist market economy.

Originality/value

The innovation of this paper lies in introducing uncertainty to clarify the logic behind the evolution of economic systems in human society and explaining the typical significance of the socialist market economy and its advantages in accommodating and resolving uncertainty.
Satya Pharmaceuticals’ foray into global markets
Authors: Paluri Ratna Achuta , Mishra Girish Ranjan
Published: December 2023

Learning outcomes

This case study will allow students to critically analyse and develop entry strategies into untapped foreign markets. The case study was designed to introduce students to identifying and analysing information related to target markets for expansions in international business.

The main objectives of this case are to evaluate and make the “Go Global” decision for the company; to take a position on entry timing for a company for entering an overseas market; to select a country for entry based on cultural, administrative, geographic and economic analysis and other relevant factors; and to evaluate a firm’s readiness for exports.

Case overview/synopsis

This case study on Satya Pharmaceuticals presents a typical dilemma faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets such as India while exploring the untapped overseas markets to expand their business. Satya Pharmaceuticals produced over-the-counter Ayurvedic medicines. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the consumer preference for Ayurvedic products had increased globally. Home country governments’ emphasis on exports and conducive consumer preferences created an opportune time for such SMEs to explore uncharted markets with a propensity for herbal medicines. Amidst strict regulations regarding safety, efficacy, labelling and packaging norms, along with a subjective understanding of the consumers’ sentiments regarding alternate medicines, SMEs had to select their target market carefully for their products to be successful overseas. This case study presents the basic information that entrepreneurs needed to explore the foreign markets. It revolved around checking firms’ preparedness to explore foreign markets, identifying target markets, timing the entry and entering those markets.

Complexity academic level

This case is appropriate for graduate-level courses in management that offer subjects such as international business.

Supplementary material

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 5: International business.
Sustainability reporting and impact assessment at higher education institute in India
Authors: Chaudhary Sanjay , Trivedi Shantanu
Published: December 2023

Learning outcomes

An instructor engaged students in managing and reporting sustainability initiatives at an organisation. After completion of the case study discussion, the students will be able to critique the sustainability initiatives that can be undertaken at an organisation; understand sustainability reporting; analyse how result-based management aids in sustainability report preparation; recommend critical considerations for conducting a sustainability impact assessment by an educational institute.

The case contributed to the growing knowledge base about reporting sustainability initiatives at an organisation and managing them to aid in decision-making. The case called for better integration between sustainability activities and reporting under organisations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting.

Case overview/synopsis

Ajay served as the head of the management department and a leading member of the sustainability initiatives at University Alpha, Delhi NCR, India. He was assigned the task of publishing the university’s annual report. The management had requested him to consider preparing a standalone sustainability report for the university.

He began the task by examining the benefits of standalone sustainability reporting. He proceeded to analyse the specifics of SDG reporting, SDG Accord reporting and ESG reporting using the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines. During discussions with a consultant, the necessary steps for creating an SDG-only report and an integrated SDG and ESG sustainability report were clarified.

Guidance from an expert led to an intention to use a result matrix in preparing the sustainability report and ongoing impact assessment of SDG initiatives for reporting. The dilemma involved deciding between continuing with the sustainability initiative listing in the annual reports or opting for a standalone sustainability report. Critical considerations concerning the sustainability impact assessment of SDG-related activities at an educational organisation were also explored.

Complexity academic level

This case is intended for discussion in the graduate-level program in strategy, general management, sustainability management, environmental management and environmental economics. The case may also be used for participants in executive program.

Supplementary material

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 4: Environmental Management.
The impact of professional mentoring on mentors of novice-teachers
Authors: Schatz Oppenheimer Orna , Goldenberg Judy
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This article aims to present a unique dimension to mentor studies in that unlike most research that focuses on the novice-teachers-mentee, this study explores the influence of mentoring on the mentors themselves. Two main questions were examined: “Which components of mentoring influence the mentors' professional development?” and “What is the differential impact of each of these components as they are internalized by the mentors?”

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 765 mentors completed a questionnaire composed of 47 multiple-choice questions and an open-ended question describing the contribution of mentoring. The survey thus generated both quantitative and qualitative data.

Findings

The results show three main components of mentoring that influence mentors' professional development in the following order: personal–emotional, didactic knowledge and systemic–organizational. The findings also illustrate how the mentors used a comparison process to develop their professional perception: first, by comparing their role as a teacher and their role as a mentor, and second, by comparing their own professional identity as a teacher with that of the novice-teacher.

Research limitations/implications

The implications of the study point to the importance of mentoring for mentors' professional development. Practical implications of this study encourage mentor training courses that combine a body of knowledge of theory and practice, as well as supervision and mentoring for mentors. It may be important for mentors to develop a professional identity as mentors that is distinct from their professional identity as teachers.

Practical implications

The implications of the study point to the importance of mentoring for mentors' professional development. Practical implications of this study encourage mentor training courses that combine a body of knowledge of theory and practice, as well as supervision and mentoring for mentors. It may be important for mentors to develop a professional identity as mentors that is distinct from their professional identity as teachers.

Originality/value

The manuscript attempts to explore the dynamic relationships within the mentoring process by investigating how mentoring impacts the development of mentors. It presents insights into the benefits of mentoring novice-teachers for the mentors themselves via analysis of a large-scale, nationwide study.
The contribution of Enactus global sustainability initiative to youth empowerment and community development
Authors: Omotosho Ademola Olumuyiwa
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the contribution of Enactus sustainability initiatives to youth empowerment and community development, thus analysing how South African higher education institutions can increase student involvement in Enactus projects across all faculties.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a systematic literature review approach, the authors searched the Web of Science database for 47 relevant studies, which were found and filtered using the search parameters, and then 33 articles that are strictly relevant to the main topic were chosen as the final corpus.

Findings

The authors found that Enactus facilitates community progress through transformative innovations and students gain valuable skills that increase their employability regardless of their field of study.

Research limitations/implications

The focus of this study is confined to scholarly evidence acquired from peer-reviewed journals, hence empirical studies could be conducted by using literature from books, theses, bulletins, government white papers and gazettes.

Practical implications

These findings highlight several merits of Enactus skill-based training such as learning-by-doing, learning from failures and learning from entrepreneurs.

Social implications

The study findings offer compelling evidence that student transformational innovations could facilitate sustainable development within communities.

Originality/value

Despite the crucial contribution of Enactus projects to nation-building worldwide, literature on this phenomenon in the context of South Africa is limited.
How do departmental professional learning communities and teacher leadership matter for teacher self-efficacy? A multi-level analysis
Authors: Zheng Xin , Luo Ying
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Whilst professional learning communities (PLCs) have been widely explored at the school level, they have received less attention at the departmental level. The study takes the variance between departments and the role of departmental teacher leaders into consideration, and the relationships amongst departmental-level PLC dimensions, two types of teacher leadership (TL) and individual teacher self-efficacy are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consisted of 907 teachers from 81 departments in Chinese schools. The associations between the studied variables were explored through a multi-level analysis approach.

Findings

The results show that two specific characteristics of departmental PLCs, namely reflective dialogue (RD) and collective responsibility (CR), exhibit a positive correlation with individual teacher self-efficacy. Additionally, the findings indicate that teacher transformational leadership significantly predicts teacher self-efficacy, whereas teacher instructional leadership (IL) does not emerge as a significant predictor. These findings may be attributed to the contextual factors of Chinese teachers' collective work and the practice of teacher leaders.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the existing literature by addressing the variance between departments and uncovering the impacts of departmental PLC dimensions on individual teachers. Furthermore, two TL styles at the departmental level are differentiated, and their distinct influences on teacher self-efficacy are further analysed.
Tinkering with symptoms, causes and solutions: Tracing the enactments of multiple chronic illnesses in specialised outpatient check‐ups
Authors: Skovgaard Anna Louise , Jørgensen Marianne Johansson , Tjørnhøj‐Thomsen Tine , Høybye Mette Terp
Published: December 2023

People living with multiple chronic illnesses and an increasing need for acute care is a global health challenge, which questions the conventional ways of managing illness. A central issue is how medical practices can become more patient‐centred and aligned with the everyday life of patients. Communicative strategies for eliciting the patient's goals and preferences are often proposed. In this article, we draw on ethnographic data from fieldwork conducted during 2019–2020 in health‐care settings and among people living with multiple chronic illness(es) and repeated acute admissions in Denmark. Inspired by science and technology studies of chronic illness and care, we trace the enactments of illness and illness work in a patient trajectory marked by persistent symptoms and medical complexity. We analyse three medical encounters, and we show how ‘tinkering’ with clinical signs and utterances in each encounter constantly enacts new versions, shaping how the patient could and should live with his illness. We argue that specialised outpatient check‐ups for these patients must provide space for continuous tinkering with the concrete effects of illness in everyday life.
Predicting risk of endometrial cancer in asymptomatic women (PRECISION): Model development and external validation
Authors: Kitson Sarah J. , Crosbie Emma J. , Evans D. Gareth , Lophatananon Aritaya , Muir Kenneth R. , Ashcroft Darren , Kontopantelis Evan , Martin Glen P.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Develop an endometrial cancer risk prediction model and externally validate it for UK primary care use.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

The UK Biobank was used for model development and a linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink, CPRD) and secondary care (HES), mortality (ONS) and cancer register (NRCAS) dataset was used for external validation.

Population

Women aged 45–60 years with no history of endometrial cancer or hysterectomy.

Methods

Model development was performed using a flexible parametric survival model and stepwise backward selection aiming to minimise the Akaike information criterion. Model performance on external validation was assessed through flexible calibration plots, calculation of the expected to observed ratio and C‐statistic and decision curve analysis.

Main outcome measures

Endometrial cancer diagnosis within 1–10 years of the index date.

Results

Model development included 222 031 women (902 incident endometrial cancer cases) and external validation 3 094 371 women (8585 endometrial cancer cases). The final model (with equation provided) incorporated age, body mass index, waist circumference, age at menarche, menopause and last birth, hormone replacement, tamoxifen and oral contraceptive pill use, type 2 diabetes, smoking and family history of bowel cancer. It was well calibrated on external validation (calibration slope 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.17, E/O 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05), with moderate/good discrimination (C‐statistic 0.70, 95% CI 0.69–0.70) and had improved net benefit compared with previously developed models.

Conclusions

The Predicting risk of endometrial cancer in asymptomatic women model (PRECISION), using easily measurable anthropometric, reproductive, personal and family history, accurately quantifies a woman's 10‐year risk of endometrial cancer. Its use could determine eligibility for primary endometrial cancer prevention trials and for targeted resource allocation in UK general practices.
Economic policy uncertainty and green growth in IEA member countries: A role of environmental stringency policy
Authors: Rasheed Muhammad Qamar , Ahad Muhammad , Shahzad Khurram , Imran Zulfiqar Ali
Published: December 2023

As environmental challenges continue to escalate, policymakers around the globe are prioritizing green growth (GG). This is complicated by the impact of two crucial factors, namely economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and environmental policy stringency (EPI), on the estimates for GG. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of these variables on GG while controlling trade and human development in International Energy Agency member countries from 1990 to 2020. After establishing the existence of a long‐run relationship through the Westerlund cointegration test, the Panel Mean Group autoregressive distributed lag, FMOLS, and DOLS are employed. The findings show that EPU has an inverse impact while EPI positively impacts GG in the long run. Additionally, in Brazil, China, Denmark, and Sweden, the error correction model indicates that EPU has a negative relationship, while EPI has a positive relationship with GG in the short run. Furthermore, a feedback causality was detected between GG, EPU, EPI, and Human Development Index. However, unidirectional causality has been captured running from trade to GG. This research also presents some new insights for policymakers.
Determinants of material footprint in OECD countries: The role of green innovation and environmental taxes
Authors: Karlilar Selin , Pata Ugur Korkut
Published: December 2023

The economic progress of OECD countries is highly dependent on the use of materials. However, excessive material use may cause OECD countries to deviate from their Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 8 and 12. Therefore, it is an important policy agenda to analyze the determinants of the material footprint (MF) and seek solutions to reduce it. This study examines the impact of green innovation, environmental policy strategy, and environmental taxes on MF for 30 OECD countries from 2000 to 2019 using the cross‐sectional ARDL (CS‐ARDL) approach within the framework of the environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The outcomes indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid for MF. Moreover, the long‐term results indicate that green innovation, environmental policy stringency, and environmental taxes are important policy tools to reduce MF. Therefore, OECD countries should promote green innovation, upsurge environmental taxes, and implement stringent environmental policies to the achievement of SDGs 8 and 12.
How positive and negative intergroup contact jointly inform minority support for social change: The role of system‐fairness beliefs
Authors: Árnadóttir Katrín , Baysu Gülseli , Van Laar Colette , Phalet Karen , Tropp Linda R. , Sebben Simone , Ullrich Johannes , Hässler Tabea
Published: December 2023

Research suggests that positive contact with majorities may ‘sedate’ (undermine) minority support for social change, while negative contact may promote it. However, most studies to date have examined both forms of contact separately, which may not give an accurate picture of their effects. This study examines the joint effects and interplay of positive and negative contact on minority support for social change, and the role of system‐fairness beliefs across seven ethnic minority samples in six countries (N = 790). Multigroup Structural Equation Modelling showed that negative contact predicted higher minority support for social change. Positive contact predicted both less support for social change indirectly via enhanced system‐fairness beliefs, and more support for social change directly. Except for one national context, the total effects of positive contact were either non‐significant or significantly positive. This shows that increased system‐fairness beliefs can explain sedative effects of positive contact, and that positive contact may also promote support for social change. We conclude that sedative effects of positive contact may be overestimated by not considering negative contact.
A change of heart: Characteristics and outcomes of multiple cardiac retransplant recipients
Authors: Batra Jaya , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Clerkin Kevin , Bae David , Oh Kyung Taek , Lotan Dor , Topkara Veli K. , Lee Sun Hi , Latif Farhana , Colombo Paolo , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Raikhelkar Jayant , Majure David T. , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir
Published: December 2023

Background

Among heart transplant (HT) recipients who develop advanced graft dysfunction, cardiac re‐transplantation may be considered. A smaller subset of patients will experience failure of their second allograft and undergo repeat re‐transplantation. Outcomes among these individuals are not well‐described.

Methods

Adult and pediatric patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry who received HT between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2020 were included.

Results

Between 1990 and 2020, 90 individuals received a third HT and three underwent a fourth HT. Recipients were younger than those undergoing primary HT (mean age 32 years). Third HT was associated with significantly higher unadjusted rates of 1‐year mortality (18% for third HT vs. 13% for second HT vs. 9% for primary HT, p < .001) and 10‐year mortality (59% for third HT vs. 42% for second HT vs. 37% for primary HT, p < .001). Mortality was highest amongst recipients aged >60 years and those re‐transplanted for acute graft failure. Long‐term rates of CAV, rejection, chronic dialysis, and hospitalization for infection were also higher.

Conclusions

Third HT is associated with higher morbidity and mortality than primary HT. Further consensus is needed regarding appropriate organ stewardship for this unique subgroup.