bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Materi Statistika dan Peluang berbasis Predict Observe Explain
Authors: Putri Finola Marta , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Aghnia Rahma Bella , Ahriyati Ahriyati
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan yaitu metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan produk bahan ajar berupa Lembar Aktivitas Mahasiswa (LAM) berbasis Predict Observe Explain (POE) untuk materi statistika dan peluang pada mata kuliah matematika sekolah II bagi mahasiswa calon guru matematika. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah non tes berupa angket. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket yang divalidasi oleh dosen ahli dan uji keterbacaan kepada alumni mahasiswa. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahan ajar berbasis POE materi statistika dan peluang pada mata kuliah matematika sekolah II bagi mahasiswa calon guru matematika dikembangkan menggunakan modifikasi penelitian dan pengembangan Sugiyono level 4 dengan rincian yaitu a) Potensi masalah yang terdiri dari studi literatur dan pengumpulan informasi; b) Rancangan produk; c)Validasi desain; d) Revisi desain; e) Pembuatan produk; f) Uji coba terbatas; g)Revisi produk I; h) Uji coba lapangan utama; i) Revisi produk II. Implikasi penelitian ini berdampak pada perlunya penambahan gambar yang sesuai dengan situasi masalah atau yang memotivasi mahasiswa. Rekomendasi bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat menggunakan produk bahan ajar berupa LAM) berbasis POE pada materi yang berbeda seperti materi dimensi tiga serta barisan dan deret.
Analisis Faktor Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Sungai Pua
Authors: Afifa Salmi , Imamuddin M. , Aniswita Aniswita , Tasnim Rahmat
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa kelas VIII SMPN 3 Sungai Pua, Agam Indonesia pada pelajaran matematika. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Sungai Pua tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 yang mengalami kesulitan belajar pada pelajaran matematika dengan jumlah 58 orang. Karena pada penelitian ini jumlah subjek pada populasi kurang dari 100 orang dan dalam pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan angket, maka untuk subjek diambil seluruhnya yaitu sebanyak 58 orang yang mengalami kesulitan belajar pada pelajaran matematika dengan perolehan hasil belajar yang belum memenuhi batas ketuntasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kesulitan belajar yang dialami siswa kelas VIII pada pelajaran matematika dapat disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Sebesar 66,94 % penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika berasal dari pengaruh faktor internal yang berkategorikan tinggi, dengan rincian 8,76 % dari aspek fisiologis dan 58,18 % dari aspek psikologis. Sebesar 33,06 % penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika berasal dari pengaruh faktor eksternal yang berkategorikan cukup, dengan rincian 11,13 % dari faktor keluarga, 16,41 % dari faktor sekolah, serta 5,51 % dari faktor media massa & lingkungan social. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor internal memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan faktor eksternal dalam menyebabkan siswa kelas VIII SMPN 3 Sungai Pua TP.2022/2023 mengalami kesulitan belajar pada pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi yang berharga kepada guru agar lebih memperhatikan siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar dan bagi siswa dapat memberikan sumbangan pemikiran dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas belajarnya.
Ernest Hemingway’s Iceberg Narrative Method of The Old Man and the Sea
Authors: Rauf Raad S.
Published: May 2023

In most of his fictional works and in the line of his previous experience as a journalist and war reporter, Ernest Hemingway developed writing techniques peculiar to him to be followed by many predecessors after him. Among the well-known techniques are the one, in which he called “the iceberg theory.” The present paper concerns itself with analyzing this literary technique used by Hemingway in “The Old Man and the Sea.” This novella, written in 1952, and awarded Nobel Prize 1954 and Pulitzer Prize 1953, achieved a great successnot only in the writer’s career but also in the world of fiction as well. Hemingway’s exceptional use of the iceberg technique renowned the novella among his masterpieces and himself as a world Avant-garde in the fictional sphere. This is due to using a simple economical language. Yet, this simple language is full of symbols, metaphors, similes, allusions, personifications, interior monologues, repetitions, soliloquies, etc. All these devices provide another cognitive approach to this story delivered in a much unsophisticated language. This unique style, though written in prose, once has their sentences broken down they may be read as poetic. The aim of this paper is to trace these elements in a novel approach to reading Hemingway’s this masterpiece.
Results of radiological hip dysplasia monitoring in Tornjak breed
Authors: Vrbanac Zoran , Škrlin Branimir , Kovač Tajna , Tošić Tea , Ekert Kabalin Anamaria , Stanin Damir
Published: May 2023

The aim of this retrospective study was to show the prevalence of hip dysplasia (HD) in the indigenous dog breed Bosnian and Herzegovinian - Croatian Shepherd Dog (Tornjak) in the period from 2001 to 2016. A total of 735 radiographs were evaluated according to the FCI protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.5.0.17. (TIBCO Software Inc.) software. Significant differences between categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test. The median value of age of examined dogs was 18 (13.8-26.0) months, with majority of dogs (523) under 24 months. In the overall examined population 74.97% of hip radiographs were interpreted as healthy (grades A and B) and 25.03% were interpreted as dysplastic (grades C, D and E). In dogs under 24 months of age, the most common age for HD survey, 76.86 % was interpreted as healthy and 23.14% as dysplastic. Comparing the frequency of diagnosed HD according to the breeding licence during the 15 years period there was a statistically significant increase in dogs with HD grades A, B, C, D and a decrease in dogs with grade HD E restricted for further breeding (P
Hotărârea Tusă c. România. despre dreptul la proceduri ineficiente și importanța perspectivei în drept
Authors: Tomuleț Cristina
Published: May 2023

În cuprinsul acestui articol, am comentat hotărârea Curții Europene a Drepturilor Omului Tusă c. România, luând în considerare mai multe posibile perspective, și anume perspectiva statului român, perspectiva reclamantei și perspectiva Curții. Am analizat astfel starea de fapt și starea de drept expusă în cadrul hotărârii, punctând problemele pe care acestea le ridică din perspectiva dreptului la o procedură efectivă în contextul culpelor medicale.
VERNAKULARISASI TAFSIR AYAT SUCI LENYEPENEUN TENTANG JUAL BELI DALAM QS. AL-BAQARAH AYAT 275 DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP JUAL BELI ONLINE
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Zaki
Published: May 2023

Abstract
One of  the buying and selling phenomena that is currently a trend is buying and selling transaction using electronic media. Trading activity through internet media is populary referred to as electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce that divided into two segments, namely business to business ecommerce (trade between businesses) and business to consumer ecommerce (trade between businesses and consumers). Based on history, e-commerce is a new transaction model that exists after the transaction bai’ as-salam. E-Commerce is as due to the rapid development of 21st century information technology, that is example trading by first generation of Islam and be basic on activity of buying and selling in fikih for centuries. bai’ as-Salam is a legal produk of fikih Islamic formulated by scholars with all possibilities to experience ra-actualization foro time to time to suit the demand of place and time. But as with other products this law was explored using the ijtihad methodology from two sources of Islamic, namely Al-Qur’an and Hadits. That’s why bai’ as-Salam in this research becomes a classic transaction model that will be a comparison and analyzer of transactions e-commerce with using the theory vernukularisasi and using mufassir Moh. E. Hasim on The Tafsir Ayat Suci Lenyepaneun.
MANUSKRIP AL-QUR’AN DI KABUPATEN SINTANG (Sebuah Deskripsi Awal Atas Manuskrip Al-Qur`an Koleksi Istana Al-Mukarramah Kabupaten Sintang)
Authors: Putriani Rizki
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Qur'an manuscript collection from the Al-Mukarramah Palace, Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan has interesting characteristics, namely it has a fairly complete qiraat record. However, in this study, researchers only focused on descriptive studies as an initial effort to introduce the Qur'anic manuscripts collected by the Al-Mukarramah Palace to the public, especially in the academic world. This study uses a descriptive method, with the main source of the Qur'an manuscript collection of the Palace of Al-Mukarramah Sintang. The conclusion of this article is to describe – that the Manuscrip of the Al-Qur`an collected by the Al-Mukaaramah Sintang Palace was written by H. Abdul Karim and Sultan Nata in 1672, and the purpose of writing this Qur`an is to teach the basics of Islamic, especially the Qur'an to the zuriat of the kingdom and the children and grandchildren of the kings in the kingdom.
RESEPSI ATAS AL-QURAN DALAM KEBUDAYAAN MASYARAKAT TELUK PAKEDAI DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP PENAFSIRAN (Studi Amalan Syaikh Ismail Mundu Mufti Kerajaan Kubu)
Authors: Ghozali Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article describes the reception of Ismail Mundu (Mufti) of the Kubu Kingdom to the Al-Quran surah Yasin, he wrote the book of Zikir Tauhidiyah and wrote a treatise on the virtues and advantages for people who read and practice QS Yasin [23]: 58. to examine this theme further, with the type of literature research in comparing the interpretation of Ismail Mundu with the mufassir. And with field research to see aspects of the living al-Qur'an. The conclusion of this article is that the relationship between the interpretation of the ulama and the thoughts of Sheikh Ismail Mundu towards the text has a tendency towards the pattern of Sufistic interpretation. Then from the aspect of the transmission-transformation of practice, that this practice has been carried out from generation to generation from his father - then passed on to his students, two of whom are H. Arsyad and H. Rifa'i.
NAZHRATU AL-MUFASSIRIN AL-MUTAQADDIMÍN WA AL-MUTA’AKHIRIN ‘AN AL-ᾹYAT AL-NISWIYYAH FI AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Trisnani Asif , Nadilah Mohan Ridha , Sholeha Nur Hanifatus , Husnaini Ica Fauziah
Published: May 2023

الملخص
في هذه الدراسة سوف نحاول الوصول إلى اكشاف بعض المفاهيم التعريفات حول آراء المفسرين المتقدمين والمتأخرين فيما يتعلق بآيات النسوية أو ميسوجينية. الآية النسوية هي جزء من النصوص القرآنية التي "يُنظر إليها" على أنها أكثر تكريمًا للرجال واهانة النساء، وكراهية لجنسها. بمعنى آخر، هناك رأي يضع آيات معينة في القرآن على أنها كلام الله، والتي تميل إلى الرجال مقارنة بالنساء. ومن خلال دراسة مقارنة بين آراء المفسرين المتقدمين والمتأخرين، وجدت الباحثة أن آراء الجماهر تعتقد أن آيات القرآن تميل إلى تمجيد الرجال وتحقير النساء غير معقولة. لأن القرآن وأطروحاته تشير دائمًا إلى التوازن والانتظام، أي هم لباس لهن وهن لباس لهم في جميع أعمالهم. ما هو حقيقة تعريف آية النسوية؟ ما هي وجهة النظر بين المعلقين المتقدمين والمتأخرين حول جدال آيات النسوية؟ سوف نكتشف عنها من خلال الدراسات التالية.
KONTINUITAS MUNÂSABAH PADA TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN DALAM LINTAS GENERASI (Analisis Kitab Tafsir Mafātiḥ Al-Gaib, Nazhm ad-Durar Fî Tanâsub al-Âyât Wa as-Suwar dan Nizhâm al-Qur’ân)
Authors: Zulfa Nailatuz , Shofiana Anna
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses the continuity/development of the munâsabah of the Qur'an. The focus of this research is on the characteristics of reasonable continuity in the Qur’an through Tafsir Mafātīḥ Al-Gaib, Nazhm ad-Durar Fî Tanâsub al-Âyât Wa as-Suwar, Nizhâm al-Qur’ân. This research approach uses descriptive-analytic, with deductive techniques, that is, looking for a variety of literature or references related to munâsabah. The results show that the munâsabah in this modern-contemporary century is no longer as in the classical and medieval centuries. That means there are already additions. Reasonable verses in one surah applied by classical and middle scholars' explain only part of it. In contrast to the reasoning applied by modern-contemporary scholars who have been able to trigger that the whole verse in one letter there is a correlation.
ALTERNATIF SOLUSI AL-QUR`AN DALAM MENGATASI KEMISKINAN
Authors: - Sulaiman , Hasan Ilham Ali , Nafisah Latifatun
Published: May 2023

This article describes poverty and overcoming poverty in the Qur'an. The problem of poverty is an urgent matter in human life, especially in developing countries which have always been a problem in the welfare of the people. So this research was conducted looking at the point of view of the Qur'an looking at poverty in the community. This research is included in a descriptive qualitative research cluster with a literature study approach whose data sources are from the Qur'an, hadith books, journals that are in line with the research, as well as supporting books in research. Apart from the debate about poverty according to social experts and the sciences related to it in fact the Qur'an has explained the solution to poverty itself. The poverty discourse in the Qur'an aims to find solutions and innovations from the verses of the Qur'an so that they become a guide in the relationship between humans and humans. The solutions are the development of Human Resources, the use of Natural Resources and improvements in the government system, so that these three solutions are able to overcome poverty well.
الدراسات في الاستعارة عند الشيخ محمد الطاهر بن عاشور في تفسيره التحرير والتنوير
Authors: Surmawi Hudaili Abdul Hamid
Published: May 2023

الملخص
هذا بحث بلاغي عن الاستعارة في القرآن الكريم, وكما عرفنا أن القرآن يأتي بالمجاز الذي لا يريد به حقيقة  معناه وإنما يريد به معنى آخر يطابق سياق الكلام, فمن لم يعرف ولم يتعرف بهذاالعلم لم يفهم معاني القرآن الكريم صحيحة. إن الاستعارة قسم من أقسام علم البيان وهي في أهمية القصوي لمن يريد أن يعرف إعجاز القرآن الكريم وإحسان وجمال الكلام العربي من الشعر والنثر. لا تنحصر على ذلك, لكن نعرف عزة الإسلام, من واسع العلم والمعرفة التي ينبع من القرآن الكريم, لأن معرفة كلام العربي نصف فهم معاني القرآن الكريم, علما بأن القرآن الكريم نزل باللغة العربية. فعلم البيان يساعد طالب العلم أن يعرف معاني القرآن الكريم, ما أكرم الإنسان الذي يفهم معاني القرآن وعمل ما علم! أيضا من أهمية دراسة علم البيان هي معرفة ثروة التراث الإسلامي, وخدمة ثقافة الإسلامية التي قدمها للعالم.
Wildlife conservation and preserving biodiversity: impactful opportunities for veterinarians?
Authors: Cerda Jacey R. , Webb Tracy L.
Published: May 2023

The world is losing wildlife species at an unprecedented rate. Habitat destruction, overexploitation, and pollution are the leading causes of biodiversity decline. As a threat multiplier, climate change exacerbates these processes as demonstrated by the death of several billion wild animals in the last few years from wildfires, floods, heatwaves, and other natural disasters. In the face of these challenges, veterinarians have unique and important skillsets to contribute to wildlife conservation and the preservation of biodiversity at many levels. Veterinarians can organize and train to mobilize wildlife extraction, rescue, and rehabilitation units during natural disasters as well as build relationships with rehabilitators to provide their services for general wildlife rehabilitation needs. They can work in transdisciplinary teams to provide veterinary expertise for ecosystem health and rewilding projects. They can become sustainability champions by providing pollinator and wildlife friendly habitats at their clinics and reducing clinic waste and energy consumption, and they can engage in science communication and advocacy. When provided with the necessary information, resources, and action items, veterinarians can increase their positive impact and personal well-being through purposeful, value-driven, community-building efforts to support wildlife conservation and biodiversity.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Agricultural and Forestry Policies in Achieving Environmental Goals Through Policy Documents
Authors: Balode Lauma , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

To achieve the climate targets set by 2030 and become climate neutral by 2050, each Member State must develop a National Energy and Climate Plan (hereinafter NECP) containing practical and effective measures to achieve the targets. The research sought a connection between the measures or action lines in the Latvian NECP related to agriculture and forestry, the European Green Deal goals and related strategies. The effectiveness of the agricultural and forestry measures defined in the Latvian NECP was evaluated by defining appropriate indicators, an expert survey and a composite sustainability index. The results show that the effectiveness of agricultural and forestry measures is most influenced by quality, financing, and specificity factors. The lowest-scoring measures were specific measures whose impacts cannot be measured and are not explicitly mentioned in the European Green Deal. Therefore, the description of the measures should be more detailed, with specific activities, indicators to be achieved, and amounts and funding sources planned for each activity.
Fractionation, Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Different Sub-Fractions from Leaves and Flowers of Erica arborea L.
Authors: Amari Salima , Ahlem Karbab , Arrar Lekhmici , Noureddine Charef
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to prepare eight sub-fractions from leaves and flowers of Erica arborea L., characterize their phytochemicals constituents and investigate their potential antioxidant, in order to validate the beneficial medicinal properties of this shrub in Algeria folk medicine. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s, aluminum chloride and vanillin reagents, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assay. E. arborea L. contains various compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, anthraquinones, saponins and terpenoids in different sub-fractions. All the tested extracts showed an appreciable total phenolic, flavonoids and condensed tannins contents as well as strong antioxidant capacity. The highest total phenolic and flavonoids content was found in the ethyl acetate extracts ranging from 649.38 to 944.55 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 65.31 to 67.15 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. Whereas, the highest condensed tannins content was found in the crude extract for leaves and aqueous extracts for flowers. The ethyl acetate extract of the flowers and the crude extract of leaves exhibited the better antioxidant activity by DPPH assay (IC50 =17.72 µg/mL) and reducing power assays (IC50 = 2.91 µg/mL), respectively. Our findings indicate that leaves and flowers extracts are rich in natural antioxidant substances and have good qualities in antioxidant properties and may be beneficial against diver’s disorders related to free radicals.
Effect of Irrigation Intervals on Some Morphological Traits, Seed Properties and Essence Yield of Savory (Satureja spicigera L.) Under Field Conditions
Authors: Fazeli Kakhki Seyyed Fazel , Joleini Mohammad , Beikzadeh Nasser
Published: May 2023

Agricultural management is one of the main factors to ameliorate environment adverse effects. Climate change has adverse effects on water availability in drought and semi-drought regions that constrain crop survival. In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals on morphological characteristics and yield components of savory plant (Satureja spicigera L.), an experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design in three levels irrigation interval treatments (7 days (I7), 14 days (I14) and 21 days (I21)) with three replications in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during of 2019. Results showed that with increase in irrigation intervals, all morphological characteristics and yield components were decreased. However there was no significant differences in seed and essence yield, plant canopy area, number of main stems, number of branches and stem diameter due to I7 and I14 treatments. In drought stress (I21), seed width was more affected than seed length. The lowest percentage of survival was observed in I21 treatment which was reduced by 26% and 35% respectively, compared to treatments I14 and I7. By increasing the irrigation interval to 21 days, the highest reduction in savory characteristics occurred, so that the highest and lowest biomass and seed yield were recorded from I7 and I21 treatments, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between biomass and plant height (r = 0.998*), total plant leaf area (r = 0.770*), number of main stems (r = 0.796*) and number of branches (r = 0.998*). It seems that savory production can be improved in acceptable amount with 14-day irrigation interval.
IGFALS Gene Polymorphisms in Simmental Breed Cattle
Authors: Genç Rıdvan , Sönmez Zeynep
Published: May 2023

Defining new genetic markers to understand the population structure and genetic basis of cattle breeds, increase production and improve yield quality is of great importance in the field of modern breeding technology. In this study, it was aimed to identify new molecular marker polymorphisms by using DNA sequence analysis method on the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein, Acıd-Labile Subunit (IGFALS) gene, which affects different yield characteristics in cattle. 20 samples from PCR products with various base sizes were randomly chosen for sequence analysis. The study revealed that the IGFALS gene’s first exon region, which is 492 bp long, contains the g.1368491 A/G polymorphism. A 463 bp length region of the second exon was where the g.1369854 -/G insertion was found.
Effect of bariatric surgery on lung function and asthma control after 8 years of follow-up
Authors: Witte Jan , Singh Harman , Turk Yasemin , van Huisstede Astrid , Birnie Erwin , Hiemstra Pieter , Kappen Jasper , Braunstahl Gert-Jan
Published: May 2023

Background: Bariatric surgery has a proven beneficial effect on asthma symptoms and lung function in patients with class III obesity and asthma. The effects of bariatric surgery on asthma control and small airway function persist for at least 12 months after bariatric surgery.
However, long-term follow-up data are lacking. Objectives: To evaluate the very-long term effects of bariatric surgery on asthma symptoms and lung function. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal follow-up study, we planned an 8-year follow-up visit
for patients previously included in the OBAS 1.0 trial, which evaluated the effects of bariatric surgery on asthma control and lung function in patients with asthma and class III obesity in The Netherlands. Results: Fifteen of 78 patients from the OBAS trial completed the
8-year follow-up visit. Nine patients underwent bariatric surgery, and six patients did not. After 8 years of follow-up, asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ] score at 12 months of 0,4 versus an ACQ score of 0.7 at 8 years of follow-up; p = 0.075) and small airway function (R5-R20
(frequency-dependent resistance at 5Hz-20Hz); score at 12 months of 0,25 versus an ACQ score of 0.07 at 8 years of follow-up; p = 0.345) remained clinically stable compared with 12 months of follow-up. Patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a statistically significant weight regain between
12 months of follow-up and 8 years of follow-up (median [interquartile range] body mass index 30.2 kg/m2 [23.9‐43.4 kg/m2] versus 32.3 kg/m2 [24.0‐36.4 kg/m2]; p = 0.025). However, the impact of weight regain on asthma control, and
asthma quality of life was clinically insignificant (ACQ, β (regression coefficient) = 0.04; 95% Confidence Interval [0.02; 0.06]; p < 0.001; and AQLQ; β = ‐0.04 CI [‐0.07; ‐0.009]; p = 0.013). Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance
of bariatric surgery in treating obesity-related asthma.
La aplicación del concepto de seguridad humana como garantía de los derechos humanos en Colombia: amenaza y oportunidad
Authors: Peñalosa Otero María Jimena
Published: May 2023

Partiendo del concepto de seguridad humana como garante de los Derechos Humanos, aceptado a nivel mundial y, aunado a que Colombia, al ser signataria de varios instrumentos internacionales de protección y garantía de los mismos en el contexto de Naciones Unidas y el Sistema Interamericano -organismos que desarrollan las variables de la seguridad humana- está obligada a garantizar su cumplimiento, centramos el objetivo de este ensayo en el análisis sobre la aplicación y cobertura integral en el país frente a cada una de las variables que intervienen en el concepto de seguridad humana. La falta de cobertura integral de los Derechos Humanos puede identificarse como una amenaza para Colombia en el contexto internacional, situación que puede traer consigo el rechazo dentro de la comunidad internacional y la aplicación de medidas o sanciones ante la ausencia de protección y garantía de las variables de la seguridad humana.
Lo anterior, precisa que el país observe un mayor énfasis frente al desarrollo social dentro de las políticas de seguridad que se adelantan a través de planes y proyectos que garanticen el cumplimiento y cobertura de la seguridad humana e integre, desarrolle y aplique dentro de tal concepto, nuevos modelos y estrategias de seguridad. Todo esto para avanzar y atender de manera integral los componentes de la seguridad humana y responder de manera efectiva a la garantía de los derechos de los individuos como personas, dando una respuesta garantista a esta nueva doctrina dentro del contexto nacional y como sujeto del Derecho Internacional.
Usability Evaluation of English Learning Application Base on Augmented Reality Using ISO 9241
Authors: Fahrur Rozi Imam , Larasati Eka , Ayu Lestari Vivin , Dwi Priandani Nurizal
Published: May 2023

Augmented Reality (AR) technology is one of the educational applications that may be created. AR is a learning tool that may be used to integrate virtual things or objects into a natural environment to engage in real-time. English is a foreign language that must be learnt. For language assistance, pupils must acquire a sufficient command of vocabulary via reading and listening exercises. Two factors contribute to the ineffectiveness of oral communication: pupils who do not have enough vocabulary knowledge and students who do not know how to employ vocabulary non their spoken language. One of the learning media that has been developed is the AR-based English vocabulary learning application which was developed in early April 2020 to September 2020. This application aims to help elementary school students (6-12 years) in learning English vocabulary. Where in the current learning which is due to the pandemic thus making distance learning. The purpose of this study is to measure the usability of the application whose vocabulary has been developed from three aspects, namely effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction (ISO 9241). The results of the research conducted show that the usability level of this application is 89% effectiveness, 94% efficiency and 91% user satisfaction. So that this learning application can be said to have good usability and can be used as a supporting medium for learning English vocabulary for children aged 6-12 years independently.
Efficient Aircraft Arrival Sequencing Given Airport Gate Assignment
Authors: Zeunert Philipp
Published: May 2023

The aircraft sequencing problem has been well discussed in many variants over the years; and during this time, the problem has changed from a standalone optimization problem to an embedded problem. At hub airports, aircraft sequencing influences passengers’ available connecting times. Short connections could benefit from a modification of the arrival or departure sequence. In our work, we have developed a bilevel optimization problem that combines the aircraft sequencing problem and the airport gate assignment problem at hub airports to make connections more efficient. The decision on the gate assignments is made at the upper level, whereas the efficient aircraft arrival sequencing is addressed at the lower level. Methods for solving this kind of large-scale bilevel optimization problem by considering a full day of operation and dynamically changing traffic situations have yet to be researched. In this paper, we focus on efficient aircraft sequencing by taking into consideration gate assignments, and we propose a multiobjective mixed integer linear program that is solved by an interactive method and considers the (contradicting) objectives of competing airlines and the air traffic control. The capabilities of our approach are demonstrated by modeling and solving a real-case scenario for Munich Airport.
The Yabalakly-1 Settlement: New Materials on the Chiyalik Culture of the Southern Urals
Authors: Ruslanov E. V.
Published: May 2023

Purpose. The Chiyalik archaeological culture was isolated at the end of 1970. Cultural monuments are located on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, in the eastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan, the southeastern part of Udmurtia, in the south of the Perm Region, the north of the Chelyabinsk region, the southern part of the Sverdlovsk region and the western part of the Kurgan region.

Results. The article presents the results of the work carried out on the Dema River in 2021 by the integrated Golden Horde archaeological expedition. As a result of the conducted surveys, the archaeological settlement of Yabalakly-1 was revealed. It has been established that the monument is single-layer, its cultural layers contain a large number of horse, cow, sheep and dog bones, fragments of cast-iron cauldrons, as well as fragments of pottery and glazed Kashin ceramics.

Conclusion. The absence of pig bones is important, since it indicates the practice of Islam. Hunting and fishing played a secondary role in providing the archaeological settlements inhabitants with meat. The obtained archaeological material (fragments of large earthenware pot, glazed Kashin ceramics, stirrup, and parts of cast-iron cauldrons) allows us to date the monument within the 14th century. Similar villages are located within the Southern Urals in the valleys of the Dema, Chermasan, Karmasan rivers, etc.
The Cuckoo Image in the Buryats Traditional Concepts and Rituals
Authors: Badmaev А. А.
Published: May 2023

Purpose. The study is devoted to identifying the image of the cuckoo in the Buryats mythological ideas and traditional rituals.

Results. In the first part of the work, a general description of the cuckoo image is given based on the vocabulary and small genres of the buryat folklore. It was found that the Buryats particularly noted the voice and physical dexterity of this bird from its other biological features. It was also associated with such a negative trait of a person as idle talk.

The second part of the study examines the Buryats mythological ideas about the cuckoo. It was found out that the cuckoo appears in the Buryat epic as a sacred bird, a conductor of the celestials will. It has a feminine origin: women are believed to turn into this bird after death as a punishment for easy virtue and committing suicide. The cuckoo image is also associated with the motif of werewolf, ideas about the evergreen needles acquisition by larch trees and the milk wine invention. In the Buryat epic, this bird often acts as a bearer of knowledge about the past and a wealth giver. The dual nature of the magical effect of the cuckoo’s voice was revealed: on the one hand, it can be beneficial for man and nature, on the other hand, it can destroy a person. The negative features of the cuckoo image are associated with the symbolism of death, which is reflected in folk signs, in particular in the superstition about the cuckoo ability to predict a person’s life expectancy.

The third part of the article highlights the cuckoo image in the Buryats shamanic ritual. It has been established that it was localized in the shamanic rite of the Aghin Buryats, probably being a relic of totemism.

Conclusion. The study shows that the cuckoo image in the mythological ideas of the Buryats is very ambiguous. This bird was revered as a sacred feathered. It personified the feminine principle. The cuckoo was characterized by solar and celestial symbolism, in addition it acted as a fertility symbol, which was manifested in the correlation of the image with nature rhythms and renewal. This bird was associated with sacred trees (the shamanic Mother Tree and the World Tree). At the same time, the image of the cuckoo also had negative characteristics, primarily because it was closely associated with ideas about death.

The study shows that some traditional ideas of the Buryats about this bird find parallels with the mythological concepts of other peoples of Eurasia, which is explained by their universality or typological identity and, probably, intercultural contacts that took place in the past.
Results of Field Archaeological Research at the Razdelniy II Site (Central Kamchatka) in 2022
Authors: Fedorchenko A. Yu. , Belousova N. E. , Seletsky M. V. , Vorobey I. E. , Nekrash A. A. , Ptashinsky A. V.
Published: May 2023

Purpose. This article presents results of the preliminary analysis of archaeological material obtained during the Kamchatka Paleolithic expedition of IAET SB RAS at the Razdelniy II site in Central Kamchatka.

Results. It has been established that the earliest habitation episode of the Razdelniy II site is associated with the complex of the cultural horizon 2 dated 12,900–12,600 cal BP. Horizon’s industry is based on the micro-wedge knapping technology, the toolkit included small bifacial leaf-shaped points, transversal burins, high-shaped side-scrapers, and abrasives. The later stage of the site settlement is associated with the Early Holocene assemblage found at the cultural horizon 1, based on the utilization of prismatic cores for the production of blades, bladelets and microblades. The results of field studies indicate the existence of several vast archaeological sites in the interfluve of the Anavgay River and the Razdelniy Creek. On the Kamchatka Peninsula, the studied assemblages demonstrate full compliance with the materials of the Ushki sites, cultural layers IV and VI.

Conclusion. The study made it possible to clarify the cultural and chronological sequence of the settlement of the Razdelniy II site in the late Pleistocene and Early Holocene.
The Problem of the Origin, Localization and Chronology of the Tarya Late Neolithic Culture of Kamchatka
Authors: Lebedintsev A. I.
Published: May 2023

Purpose. This article presents one of the most brilliant ancient culture of Kamchatka – Tarya culture of the late Neolithic period. The author discusses the culture’s localization and chronology, lists the most important sites, gives a description of dwellings, characterizes the economy of Tarya people, and presents the culture material complex.

Results. Early complexes attributed to the Tarya culture and determined by the 3rd millennium BC are represented by three archeological sites. They are characterized by a combination of small and large stone tools, various leaf-shaped points, sharp-edged adzes and axes, the absence of bone artifacts, and above-ground dwellings. This period is poorly represented in articles and possibly heterogeneous. The most represented period of the Tarya culture, for which the largest number of dates has been established, dates back to the 2nd and even more so to the 1st millennium BC. The main occupation of the Tarya people was fishing, hunting for land animals and catching sea animals in the rookeries.

Conclusion. The most ancient sites of this culture are located on the southeast coast. As a result of the contacts of the Tarya coastal population with the inhabitants of the Kamchatka River valley, a continental cultural community of hunters and fishermen arose, which combined the blade technique and tools polishing, as well as, although to a lesser extent, the tradition of using labrets. Dating the Tarya culture should probably be dated to 2nd – 1st millennium BC. The Old Itel’men culture, in which local variants are distinguished, develops on the basis of the Tarya culture from the 1st millennium AD. Northern Kamchatka was probably the place of active cultural contacts between the ancient popu[1]lation of Kamchatka, Priokhot’e and Chukotka, where the local communities having a certain originality were formed.
Northern Wei Tombs in the Vicinity of Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Kudinova M. A.
Published: May 2023

Purpose of this article is to characterize the tombs of the Northern Wei period discovered in the vicinity of Guyuan City, analyze the specifics of the funeral rite of these complexes and define the factors that influenced its formation.

Results. The possibility of studying the funeral rite of the Northern Wei period in Guyuan is limited by the small number of known complexes, the fragmentary nature of the materials that have reached our days due to tombs looting, and the lack of scientific publications on some complexes. The tombs known to date are not numerous (only seven tombs have been discovered so far), but varied in design features and the composition of the grave goods, which is explained by the chronological distance and differences in the ethnic and cultural identity and the social status of the tomb occupants. The earliest tombs near Shiwacun Village in Xinji Township show similarities to the tombs of the period of the Sixteen Barbarian States. The burials of ordinary Xianbei who moved to the Guyuan region after its conquest by the Northern Wei testify to the preservation of their own traditions and the insignificant influence of Chinese (Han) culture on their funerary practices.

Conclusion. The funeral rite of the Northern Wei tombs in Guyuan, on the one hand, inherits the burials of the Sixteen Barbarian States era, on the other hand, serves as the basis for the funeral rite evolution of the subsequent periods of the Western Wei and Northern Zhou.
Evolution of the Beam Emittance in Linear Induction Accelerator with Discrete Focusing System
Authors: Nikiforov D. A. , Ivanov A. V. , Sinitsky S. L. , Vinokurov N. A. , Petrenko A. V. , Logachev P. V. , Skovorodin D. I. , Sandalov E. S. , Kurkuchekov V. V. , Batrakov A. M. , Pavlenko A. V. , Bekhtenev E. A. , Senchenko A. I. , Bak P. A. , Zhivankov K. I. , Meshkov O. I. , Pavlov O. A. , Kuznetsov G. I. , Batazova M. A. , Zhuravlev I. V. , Nikitin O. A. , Penzin I. V. , Petrov D. V. , Protas R. V.
Published: May 2023

The paper analyzes the evolution of the emittance of a kiloampere electron beam in a linear induction accelerator (LIA) with a discrete focusing system in order to assess the possibility of its application as a driver for generating radiation according to the free electron laser (FEL) scheme. In this analysis, special attention is paid to the geometry and parameters of the electron injector, the entry of particles from which into the accelerating structure of such an LIA mainly determines the characteristics of the beam at its exit. The features of the transverse dynamics of the beam during its passage through this accelerating structure are studied. The influence of various factors contributing to an increase in the beam emittance at the output of the LIA is considered. Analytical estimates of the beam parameters are compared with the results of numerical simulation. Based on the results of comparing the measured beam emittance with its value obtained in numerical simulation, it was concluded that the beam parameters are adequate for pumping terahertz oscillations in the FEL cavity
On the Methodology for Estimating the Relationship of Disturbances Using Digital Signal Processing in Relation to Measurements in Supersonic Flows
Authors: Afanasiev L. V. , Kosinov A. D. , Yatskikh A. A. , Shipul S. A. , Semenov N. V.
Published: May 2023

The paper describes a digital signal processing technique for determining the relationship between disturbances in a supersonic flow and pulsations of the boundary layer of a flat plate model. Estimates of the error of the proposed data processing method are given, the results of an experiment conducted to demonstrate the method on real data are presented.
Can dark matter interact with itself?
Authors: Gerolymatou Dimitra
Published: May 2023

Dark matter, the “glue” that holds our Universe bound, remains a mystery. A key question to understand its nature is whether dark matter particles can interact with each other in more ways than only through gravity. Using X-ray data of galaxy clusters, scientists revealed whether self-interacting dark matter could be the answer to one of the unsolved problems in cosmology.
Dynamic three-dimensional structures of a metal–organic framework captured with femtosecond serial crystallography
Authors: Kang Jaedong , Lee Yunbeom , Lee Seonggon , Ki Hosung , Kim Jungmin , Gu Jain , Cha Yongjun , Heo Jun , Lee Kyung Won , Kim Seong Ok , Park Jaehyun , Park Sang-Youn , Kim Sangsoo , Ma Rory , Eom Intae , Kim Minseok , Kim Jeongho , Lee Jae Hyuk , Ihee Hyotcherl
Published: May 2023

Novel crystalline materials consisting of organic, inorganic or organometallic building blocks have emerged as promising materials with wide applications [1-5]. Of great importance is to characterize not only the static structures of those materials grown in single crystals but also the conversion of their structures in response to external stimuli [6, 7]. Femtosecond time-resolved crystallography has the potential to probe real-time dynamics of such structural conversions but has not yet been realized for chemical reactions in crystals made of small-molecule building blocks. Here, we apply time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (TR-SFX), a powerful technique for visualizing protein structural dynamics, to a metal–organic framework consisting of Fe-porphyrins and Zr6 nodes and elucidate the real-time structural dynamics initiated by the ligand photodissociation. The time-resolved electron density maps from the TR-SFX data unveil trifurcating structural pathways: (i) coherent oscillatory movements of Zr and Fe atoms, assigned to an optical phonon mode of 0.18 THz, (ii) a transient structure with Fe-porphyrin and Zr6 node undergoing doming and disordering movements, respectively, and (iii) a vibrationally hot structure with isotropic structural disorder, which is rarely observed in protein crystals. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of TR-SFX measurement on chemical systems.
Rapid Traversal of Ultralarge Chemical Space using Machine Learning Guided Docking Screens
Authors: Luttens Andreas , Cabeza de Vaca Israel , Sparring Leonard , Norinder Ulf , Carlsson Jens
Published: May 2023

The accelerating growth of make-on-demand chemical libraries provides novel opportunities to identify starting points for drug discovery with virtual screening. However, the recently released multi-billion-scale libraries are too challenging to screen even for the fastest structure-based docking methods. Here, we introduce a strategy that combines machine learning and molecular docking to enable rapid virtual screening of databases containing billions of compounds. In our workflow, a classification algorithm is first trained to identify top-scoring compounds based on molecular docking of one million compounds to the target protein. The conformal prediction framework is then used to make selections from the multi-billion-scale library, drastically reducing the number of compounds to be scored by the docking algorithm. The performance of the approach was benchmarked on a set of eight different target proteins, and classifiers based on gradient boosting, deep neural network, and transformer architectures were evaluated. The CatBoost classifier exhibited the optimal balance between speed and accuracy and was used to adapt the workflow for screens of ultralarge libraries. The optimized workflow was demonstrated to identify >90% of the very top-scoring molecules in a library with 0.2 billion compounds, which only required docking of 3-5% of this set. Application to a library with >3.5 billion compounds showed that molecules with substantially improved docking scores can be identified by machine learning, enabling efficient virtual screening of the largest commercial chemical libraries available. The accelerated virtual screening workflow has been made publicly available to facilitate exploration of vast chemical libraries for drug discovery.
Creating «Teple misto platform»: how NGOS form Ivano-Frankivsk urban space
Authors: Nesterenko Victoria
Published: May 2023

Purpose of the article. The article is devoted to the important topic: the impact of NGOs on the creating of urban space. We focused on the case of the Charity Organization Teple Misto Platform (which means “Warm City”) in Ivano-Frankivsk. This city is one of the province Ukrainian one where live about 200 000 people. However, with the help of initiative people who united around NGOs it became a progressive pleasant for investment city with creative projects and remarkable possibilities for the citizens.

Methodologically, the study is based on Actor Network Theory the process of forming the urban space was investigate as the result of interaction different actors including NGO. From the point of view that every city has his own logic of development, “Teple Misto Platform” became an important element in the network, which form Ivano-Frankivsk urban space. The actor-network theory urges us to observe the principle of symmetry and consider the influence of different actors equally.

Academic originality. The role of the non-government organizations in Ukrainian city has not traced correctly according to the real level of their influence. Many authors mixed the political parties and NGOs ignoring their differences and main points. However last searching (for example, by Zagoriy Foundation) showed the increasing role of NGOs in the Ukrainian society.

Conclusions. During the research, we observed how important it is to have a common platform that acts as a ground and support for other, smaller initiatives. It is shown how from the activities of a few activists a force grows that is able to influence the formation of the development strategy of the entire city. This case and experience could be use with other cities from all over the world.
La consulta popular en Pijao, Quindío. “Un pueblo sin prisa decidido a defender su territorio del extractivismo”
Authors: Arias Perales Ildefonso
Published: May 2023

La consulta popular como mecanismo de participación ciudadana consagrada en la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991, ha cobrado suma importancia en el marco de los conflictos socioambientales que subyacen a los megaproyectos extractivos en el país. En este capítulo se aborda el caso de Pijao, un municipio del departamento de Quindío, caracterizado por su tranquilidad, vocación agrícola y la preservación de su arquitectura. En 2012 se vio acorralado ante la adjudicación de 23 títulos mineros en su territorio que amenazaban con extraer el oro de sus montañas, situación que suscitó la movilización de distintos actores sociales para la defensa del territorio frente a la multinacional Anglo Gold Ashanti y empresas nacionales como Oro Barracuda y Cerromatoso. El presente estudio consistió en caracterizar el proceso e identificar los repertorios de acción colectiva y comunicacionales presentes en la consulta popular de 2017. Dicha consulta, indagó en la comunidad sobre la decisión frente al proyecto de extracción minera en el territorio, con la pregunta: “¿Está usted de acuerdo, sí o no, con que en el municipio de Pijao se desarrollen proyectos y actividades de minería de metales?” (López, 2019, p. 105).