bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate and Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions on Electrodeposited Cu‐Nanosphere Electrode
Authors: Truong Giang Binh , Duong Hung Tuan , Vu Loi Duc , Hoang Thao Thi Huong
Published: August 2023

The electrochemical reduction reaction of nitrogenous species such as NO3− (NO3RR) and N2 (NRR) is a promising strategy for producing ammonia under ambient conditions. However, low activity and poor selectivity of both NO3RR and NRR remain the biggest problem of all current electrocatalysts. In this work, we fabricated Cu‐nanosphere film with a high surface area and dominant with a Cu(200) facet by simple electrodeposition method. The Cu‐nanosphere film exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for NO3RR and NRR to ammonia under ambient conditions. In the nitrate environment, the Cu‐nanosphere electrode reduced NO3− to yield NH3 at a rate of 5.2 mg/h cm2, with a Faradaic efficiency of 85 % at −1.3 V. In the N2‐saturated environment, the Cu‐nanosphere electrode reduced N2 to yield NH3 with the highest yield rate of 16.2 μg/h cm2 at −0.5 V, and the highest NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 41.6 % at −0.4 V. Furthermore, the Cu‐nanosphere exhibits excellent stability with the NH3 yield rate, and the Faradaic efficiency remains stable after 10 consecutive cycles. Such high levels of NH3 yield, selectivity, and stability at low applied potential are among the best values currently reported in the literature.
Look me in the eyes! A preliminary study on eye‐contact in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nuding Laura , Lukas Linda , Platt Belinda , Schulte‐Körne Gerd , Sfärlea Anca
Published: August 2023

Objective

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is often associated with impairments in the socio‐emotional domain. Avoidance of eye‐contact may underlie some of these difficulties and has been found in adults with AN in several studies. This study aimed to clarify whether adolescents with AN also show reduced eye‐contact when viewing social stimuli, that is, faces.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, girls aged 12–18 years with AN (n = 38) were compared with a clinical (girls with depression and/or anxiety disorders; n = 30) and a healthy (n = 36) control group. Eye‐contact was operationalised as maintenance of visual attention to the eye‐area of faces showing different emotional expressions (happy, angry, afraid, sad, neutral), recorded via eye‐tracking.

Results

Contrary to our expectations, we did not find adolescents with AN to dwell less on the eye‐area than control groups; instead, we found preliminary evidence for increased attention to the eye‐area in the AN group compared to the healthy control group.

Conclusions

The results suggest that reduced eye‐contact found in adult AN samples is not (yet) present in adolescents with AN but may develop with the prolonged duration of the disorder. However, replication and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this assumption.
Dementia care navigation: A systematic review on different service types and their prevalence
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Reilly Siobhan , Gabbay Mark , Dickinson Julie , Tetlow Hilary , Hogan Hayley , Griffiths Alys , Cooper Claudia
Published: August 2023

Background

Dementia Care Navigators (DCNs) are professionals without clinical training, who provide individualised emotional and practical support to people living with dementia, working alongside clinical services. Navigator services have been implemented but the service offered vary without a consistent overview provided. The aim of this narrative systematic review was to describe and compare existing service formats, and to synthesise evidence regarding their implementation and impacts.

Methods

The review was registered on PROSPERO [CRD42021292518]. Three electronic databases were searched and included studies reported on a DCN service, defined as a service in which non‐clinically trained workers provide personalised advice and support to people with dementia and/or carers in the community. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and titles and read through full papers for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment QualSyst.

Results

We included 14 papers reporting on six studies. All services were US‐based and only varied by integration and training provided. Studies reported different degrees of impact on service utilisation and on symptoms and mental well‐being of people with dementia and their carers, with too little evidence to draw substantial/meaningful conclusions and studies employing different outcome measures. One study evidenced greater impacts on people with more advanced dementia compared to earlier stages.

Conclusions

DCN services have the potential to effectively provide non‐clinical support to people with dementia and carers from the point of diagnosis. Further research from countries other than the USA, focusing on the impact on social care and social support service access and utilisation, and utilising similar established outcome measures are required.
Cumulative risk assessment for combinations of environmental and psychosocial stressors: A systematic review
Authors: Tong Ruipeng , Zhang Boling
Published: August 2023

With the growing awareness of stressors, cumulative risk assessment (CRA) has been proposed as a potential method to evaluate possible additive and synergistic effects of multiple stressors on human health, thus informing environmental regulation and protecting public health. However, CRA is still in its exploratory stage due to the lack of generally accepted quantitative approaches. It is an ideal time to summarize the existing progress to guide future research. To this end, a systematic review of the literature on CRA issues dealing with combinations of environmental and psychosocial stressors was conducted in this study. Using typology and bibliometric analysis, the body of knowledge, hot topics, and research gaps in this field were characterized. It was found that research topics and objectives mainly focus on qualitative analysis and community settings; more attention should be paid to the development of quantitative approaches and the inclusion of occupational settings. Further, the roles of air pollution and vulnerability factors in CRA have attracted the most attention. This study concludes with views on future prospects to promote theoretical and practical development in this field; specifically, CRA is a multifaceted topic that requires substantial collaborations with various stakeholders and substantial knowledge from multidisciplinary fields. This study presents an overall review as well as research directions worth investigating in this field, which provides a historical reference for future study. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:602–615. © 2023 SETAC
Health of wild fish exposed to contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater ecosystems utilized by a Minnesota Tribal community
Authors: Deere Jessica R. , Jankowski Mark D. , Primus Alexander , Phelps Nicholas B. D. , Ferrey Mark , Borucinska Joanna , Chenaux-Ibrahim Yvette , Isaac Edmund J. , Singer Randall S. , Travis Dominic A. , Moore Seth , Wolf Tiffany M.
Published: August 2023

Fish serve as indicators of exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)—chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care products—which are often designed to impact vertebrates. To investigate fish health and CECs in situ, we evaluated the health of wild fish exposed to CECs in waterbodies across northeastern Minnesota with varying anthropogenic pressures and CEC exposures: waterbodies with no human development along their shorelines, those with development, and those directly receiving treated wastewater effluent. Then, we compared three approaches to evaluate the health of fish exposed to CECs in their natural environment: a refined fish health assessment index, a histopathological index, and high-throughput (ToxCast) in vitro assays. Lastly, we mapped adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) associated with identified ToxCast assays to determine potential impacts across levels of biological organization within the aquatic system. These approaches were applied to subsistence fish collected from the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and 1854 Ceded Territory in 2017 and 2019. Overall, 24 CECs were detected in fish tissues, with all but one of the sites having at least one detection. The combined implementation of these tools revealed that subsistence fish exposed to CECs had histological and macroscopic tissue and organ abnormalities, although a direct causal link could not be established. The health of fish in undeveloped sites was as poor, or sometimes poorer, than fish in developed and wastewater effluent-impacted sites based on gross and histologic tissue lesions. Adverse outcome pathways revealed potential hazardous pathways of individual CECs to fish. A better understanding of how the health of wild fish harvested for consumption is affected by CECs may help prioritize risk management research efforts and can ultimately be used to guide fishery management and public health decisions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:846–863. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Mode‐Selective Vibrational‐Tunneling Dynamics in theN=2 Triad of the Hydrogen‐Bonded (HF)2Cluster
Authors: Hippler Michael , Oeltjen Lars , Quack Martin
Published: August 2023

Rovibrationally resolved spectra of theNj=22,Ka=0←1 transition and of theNj=23,Ka=0←0 andKa=1←0 transitions of the hydrogen‐bonded (HF)2have been measured in the near infrared range near 1.3 μm by cw‐diode laser cavity ring‐down spectroscopy in a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion. The spectroscopic assignment and analysis provided an insight into the dynamics of these highly‐excited vibrational states, in particular concerning the predissociation of the hydrogen bond and the tunneling process of the hydrogen bond switching. Together with our previously analyzed spectra of theNj=21andNj=22components, the mode‐specific dynamics in all three components of this triad can now be compared. In theN=2 triad, the HF‐stretching vibration is excited by two quanta with similar excitation energy, but the quanta are distributed in three different ways, which has a distinct influence on the dynamics. The observed band centers and tunneling splittings are in agreement with our recent calculations on the (HF)2potential energy hypersurface SO‐3, resolving the long‐standing discussion about the symmetry ordering of polyad levels in this overtone region. The results are also discussed in relation to the general questions of non‐statistical reaction dynamics of polyatomic molecules and clusters and in relation to quasi‐adiabatic channel above barrier tunneling.
Molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer: Implications for adjuvant treatment strategies
Authors: Yang Ye , Wu Su Fang , Bao Wei
Published: August 2023

Background

When determining adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer, the decision typically relies on factors such as cancer stage, histologic grade, subtype, and a few histopathologic markers. The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed molecular subtyping of endometrial cancer, which can provide more accurate prognostic information and guide personalized treatment plans.

Objective

To summarize the expression and molecular basis of the main biomarkers of endometrial cancer.

Search Strategy

PubMed was searched from January 2000 to March 2023.

Selection Criteria

Studies evaluating molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer and implications for adjuvant treatment strategies.

Data Collection and Analysis

Three authors independently performed a comprehensive literature search, collected and extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies.

Main Results

We summarized the molecular subtyping of endometrial cancer, including mismatch repair deficient, high microsatellite instability, polymerase epsilon (POLE) exonuclease domain mutated, TP53 gene mutation, and non‐specific molecular spectrum. We also summarized planned and ongoing clinical trials and common therapy methods in endometrial cancer. POLE mutated endometrial cancer consistently exhibits favorable patient outcomes, regardless of adjuvant therapy. Genomic similarities between p53 abnormality endometrial cancer and high‐grade serous ovarian cancer suggested possible overlapping treatment strategies. High levels of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 can counterbalance mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer immune phenotype. Hormonal treatment is an appealing option for high‐risk non‐specific molecular spectrum endometrial cancers, which are typically endometrioid and hormone receptor positive. Combining clinical and pathologic characteristics to guide treatment decisions for patients, including concurrent radiochemotherapy, chemotherapy, inhibitor therapy, endocrine therapy, and immunotherapy, might improve the management of endometrial cancer and provide more effective treatment options for patients.

Conclusions

We have characterized the molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer and discuss their value in terms of a patient‐tailored therapy in order to prevent significant under‐ or overtreatment.
T‐cell derived extracellular vesicles prime macrophages for improved STING based cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hansen Aida S. , Jensen Lea S. , Gammelgaard Kristine R. , Ryttersgaard Kristoffer G. , Krapp Christian , Just Jesper , Jønsson Kasper L. , Jensen Pia B. , Boesen Thomas , Johannsen Mogens , Etzerodt Anders , Deleuran Bent W. , Jakobsen Martin R.
Published: August 2023

A key phenomenon in cancer is the establishment of a highly immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Despite advances in immunotherapy, where the purpose is to induce tumour recognition and hence hereof tumour eradication, the majority of patients applicable for such treatment still fail to respond. It has been suggested that high immunological activity in the tumour is essential for achieving effective response to immunotherapy, which therefore have led to exploration of strategies that triggers inflammatory pathways. Here activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway has been considered an attractive target, as it is a potent trigger of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and types I and III interferons. However, immunotherapy combined with targeted STING agonists has not yielded sustained clinical remission in humans. This suggests a need for exploring novel adjuvants to improve the innate immunological efficacy. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EVs), derived from activated CD4+ T cells (T‐EVs), sensitizes macrophages to elevate STING activation, mediated by IFNγ carried on the T‐EVs. Our work support that T‐EVs can disrupt the immune suppressive environment in the tumour by reprogramming macrophages to a pro‐inflammatory phenotype, and priming them for a robust immune response towards STING activation.
A multicenter virome analysis of blood, feces, and saliva in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Briese Thomas , Tokarz Rafal , Bateman Lucinda , Che Xiaoyu , Guo Cheng , Jain Komal , Kapoor Vishal , Levine Susan , Hornig Mady , Oleynik Alexandra , Quan Phenix‐Lan , Wong Wai H. , Williams Brent L. , Vernon Suzanne D. , Klimas Nancy G. , Peterson Daniel L. , Montoya Jose G. , Ian Lipkin Walter
Published: August 2023

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is estimated to affect 0.4%–2.5% of the global population. Most cases are unexplained; however, some patients describe an antecedent viral infection or response to antiviral medications. We report here a multicenter study for the presence of viral nucleic acid in blood, feces, and saliva of patients with ME/CFS using polymerase chain reaction and high‐throughput sequencing. We found no consistent group‐specific differences other than a lower prevalence of anelloviruses in cases compared to healthy controls. Our findings suggest that future investigations into viral infections in ME/CFS should focus on adaptive immune responses rather than surveillance for viral gene products.
A multi‐analytical approach to unmask two Etruscan‐Corinthian fake vases: A contribution to the illicit trafficking of cultural goods
Authors: Privitera Antonella , Palermo Francesca , Ridolfi Stefano , Sodo Armida
Published: August 2023

This work addresses the authenticity issue of fake potteries circulating in the illicit art market, imitating ancient artefacts, by an interdisciplinary and a multi‐analytical approach. In faking manufacture, unscrupulous forgers use increasingly advanced skills to mimic ancient materials and technologies and to produce artificial ageing. Despite the phenomenon of archaeological objects' forgery is considered a crime and a source of illicit earnings, there are not enough works in the literature to support the difficult unmasking of archaeological fake objects. In this work, a pair of ointment vases mimicking the “Etruscan‐Corinthian” style, seized thanks to the police activity of the Carabinieri Headquarters for the Protection of Cultural Heritage (Comando Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale, TPC) and studied within “Laboratorio del Falso” at Roma Tre University, are analysed from the archaeological viewpoint, and then scientific investigations are carried out to understand materials and techniques used by the forger. The aim of this work is to provide useful tools for the study of similar fake objects by reconstructing the forger recipe and in particular identifying errors he committed with respect to the original manufactures, invisible to the eye. The characterization of raw materials is carried out by combining X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques, in order to determine the composition of surface decoration, encrustations and surface deposits. By this simple protocol, it was possible to consistently clarify the aspects characterizing the modus operandi of the forger, through the identification of anachronisms, that is, materials and techniques incompatible with the hypothesized ancient manufacture. In particular, modern pigments of synthetic origin are found in decorations, such as cobalt‐based black pigment and Mars red pigments with the addition of a polymer to enhance the adhesion to the vases' body.
Advanced porous organic materials for sample preparation in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Ma Juanqiong , Zhang Xingyuan , Huang Xinyu , Gong Jing , Xie Zhiyong , Li Pei , Chen Yanlong , Liao Qiongfeng
Published: August 2023

The development of novel sample preparation media plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical analysis. To facilitate the extraction and enrichment of pharmaceutical molecules in complex samples, various functionalized materials have been developed and prepared as adsorbents. Recently, some functionalized porous organic materials have become adsorbents for pharmaceutical analysis due to their unique properties of adsorption and recognition. These advanced porous organic materials, combined with consequent analytical techniques, have been successfully used for pharmaceutical analysis in complex samples such as environmental and biological samples. This review encapsulates the progress of advanced porous materials for pharmaceutical analysis including pesticides, antibiotics, chiral drugs, and other compounds in the past decade. In addition, we also address the limitations and future trends of these porous organic materials in pharmaceutical analysis.
Integrated strategy facilitates rapid in‐depth chemome characterization of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions: Shengbai oral liquid as a case
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Qian , Li Xiaoyun , Zhao Wenhui , Hu Kaiyong , Huang Qian , Song Yuelin , Shao Rong
Published: August 2023

Chemome characterization is the prerequisite for either therapeutic mechanism clarification or quality control of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions (TCMPs). Liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) currently serves as the most popular analytical tool; however, chemome characterization is still challenged by MS/MS spectral acquisition and post‐acquisition data processing. Here, an integrated strategy was proposed for in‐depth chemome clarification of Shengbai oral liquid (SBOL). Gas phase ion fractionation with staggered mass ranges was demonstrated to be the superior acquisition method regarding MS2 spectrum coverage in this study, and narrower mass range further advanced coverage. To facilitate information extraction, all ingredient materials were measured in parallel to form an in‐house library, where each MS1‐MS2 item generated a square mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) frame to capture the tagged identity and each chemical family produced a pentagon frame for mass defect features to accomplish chemical analogs‐targeted quasi‐molecular ion extraction. Square m/z frame imprinting captured 355 identities, while mass defect frames extracted 275 compounds. Attributing to comprehensive MS2 spectrum acquisition and efficient data processing, 355 components were captured and tentatively identified, resulting in a clarified chemical composition for SBOL. Therefore, the proposed strategy should be meaningful for the chemome characterization of TCMPs.
Clinical evaluation of a new fractional ablative 2910 nm erbium laser on photodamaged skin: A pilot study
Authors: Selim Mona M. , Lowery Joseph A. , Maredia Hasina S. , Zelickson Brian D.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To examine the efficacy and safety of a new fractional, ablative erbium:glass fiber (Er:glass) laser (2910 nm) at improving clinical signs of photodamaged skin.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐seven healthy participants aged 38–75 years with photodamaged skin were enrolled into two treatment groups. Group A (n = 14) received up to four laser treatments with mild settings, and focal facial subunits were treated with deeper settings. Group B (n = 23) received a single treatment using deeper settings. Following treatment, pain scores and severity and duration of skin responses (erythema, edema, and pinpoint bleeding) were assessed. Primary outcome was the improvement in participant and investigator Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) at 3‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were participant satisfaction with treatment and whether they would repeat treatment.

Results

Thirty‐five participants completed the study (n = 1 lost to follow up in each group). Both groups had similar mean participant and investigator GAIS scores of 3/5 corresponding to “Improvement.” All but two patients (both from Group A) reported improvement, satisfaction with treatment, and would repeat treatment. Posttreatment skin responses were mild‐to‐moderate, lasting up to 5 days. There was no scarring or dyspigmentation.

Conclusion

The 2910 nm Er:glass laser provided improvement in photoaging with high patient satisfaction.
Thermo‐Responsive Hydrogels Coupled with Photothermal Agents for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Qian Yafei , Lu Sha , Meng Jianqiang , Chen Wansong , Li Juan
Published: August 2023

Intelligent hydrogels are materials with abilities to change their chemical nature or physical structure in response to external stimuli showing promising potential in multitudinous applications. Especially, photo‐thermo coupled responsive hydrogels that are prepared by encapsulating photothermal agents into thermo‐responsive hydrogel matrix exhibit more attractive advantages in biomedical applications owing to their spatiotemporal control and precise therapy. This work summarizes the latest progress of the photo‐thermo coupled responsive hydrogel in biomedical applications. Three major elements of the photo‐thermo coupled responsive hydrogel, i.e., thermo‐responsive hydrogel matrix, photothermal agents, and construction methods are introduced. Furthermore, the recent developments of these hydrogels for biomedical applications are described with some selected examples. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for photo‐thermo coupled responsive hydrogels are outlined.
Precise Side Chain Engineering Enabling High‐Performance Wide‐Bandgap Polymer Donors
Authors: Yin Zhe , Hu Di , Ma Xueqing , Liu Wenlong , Zheng Xinming , Li Dawei , Lu Hao , Liu Yuqiang , Liu Yahui , Bo Zhishan
Published: August 2023

A series of wide bandgap (WBG) conjugated polymers PTFBDT‐C, PTFBDT‐O and PTFBDT‐S are designed and synthesized with alkyl, alkoxy and thioalkyl side chains. By selecting benzodithiophene derivatives as the donor units and benzothiadiazole derivatives as the acceptor units, PTFBDT‐C, PTFBDT‐O and PTFBDT‐S are all of wide optical bandgaps. Furthermore, low bandgap small molecule L8‐BO‐4F is used as the acceptor to fabricate organic solar cells (OSCs). According to the results, PTFBDT‐C:L8‐BO‐4F blend film displays appropriate phase separation, high hole and electron mobilities, etc. Thus, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PTFBDT‐C:L8‐BO‐4F based OSCs is 14.02%, which is much higher than those of PTFBDT‐O:L8‐BO‐4F based (9.06%) and PTFBDT‐S:L8‐BO‐4F based ones (10.45%). These results show that the side chain engineering is an effective strategy to improve photovoltaic performance of wide bandgap polymers.
Fermi–Walker magnetic curves and Killing trajectories in 3D Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Demirkol Rıdvan Cem
Published: August 2023

This paper deals with obtaining some new characterizations on the dynamics of the moving charged particle acting under particular forces in the three‐dimensional space. In this perspective, we have enlarged the research of magnetic curves and associated Killing magnetic fields by adding the Fermi–Walker parallelism and derivative. By doing this, we investigate the Hall–Killing–Fermi effect on the charged particle, then we define new types of Fermi–Walker magnetic curves corresponding to the Killing magnetic field. We carefully construct the Fermi–Walker character of the magnetic field to prove the parallelism of the magnetic trajectories and uniformly accelerated motion of the charged particle. It leads to defining a very special family of magnetic fields, that is, Fermi–Walker uniform magnetic fields. Moreover, we use the Killing feature of the magnetic field to show that the Frenet–Serret scalars and quasislopes of the magnetic curves must meet particular differential equations that lead to obtaining some geometric interpretations of the magnetic trajectories. Last but not the least, both of these two characters allow us to define Killing and Fermi–Walker electric vector fields influencing the motion of the charged particle experiencing the Lorentz force in the three‐dimensional setting.
A theoretical and practical framework based on plasticity theory for the drained behavior of single and multiple shallow footings
Authors: Barari Amin , Zhou Junyu , Bo Ibsen Lars , Nazem Majid , Nielsen Kent
Published: August 2023

With the shift of the offshore wind energy sector to deeper waters, demand for the development of more complex foundation solutions, particularly suction bucket – supported tripod/tetrapod and jacket foundations, has increased. This paper is divided into two main sections. The first part comprises a comprehensive review of the performance of circular surface and shallow foundations under combined loading (VHM), and how it can principally be understood in a theoretical framework of plasticity theory. Examination of the considered data suggested that the general assumption of over‐estimated non‐association degree with constant failure surface parameters and increasing vertical load may require further investigation. This may be attributed to the complex interplay of multiple properties such as stress level, soil strength profile and foundation geometry. The existing data in the literature were also used to provide practical guidance for a successful implementation of the elasto‐plastic constitutive relationships in offshore foundation design. In second part of the paper, the suitability of the non‐associated plasticity formulation for a baseline multi‐pod system in H‐M load space was investigated using three‐dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analyses and not verified. Furthermore, the failure envelopes and hardening law for caissons with different embedment ratios differed from those recommended in the literature were established. Parametric studies of multi‐caisson foundations revealed that the failure mechanism of multi‐bucket foundations under horizontal loading depended greatly on the bucket spacing. The horizontal bearing capacities increased with the bucket spacing until they reached a threshold. Meanwhile, analyses of the multi‐bucket foundation under moment loading confirmed the occurrence of a push‐pull failure mechanism.
Synergistic effect of compatibilized nanoclay/polyethylene fibers on the impact strength of epoxy‐glass fiber nanocomposites
Authors: Shelly Daksh , Nanda Tarun , Mehta Rajeev
Published: August 2023

Epoxy‐based glass fiber nanocomposites (EGFCs) have good static mechanical properties but lack in impact strength. Addition of thermoplastic fillers to EGFCs enhanced the impact strength but with lowered static properties. To overcome this issue, compatibilized polyethylene (PE) fibers and silanized clay platelets were reinforced in the EGFCs. The unique properties of PE fibers such as good toughness, high strength, resistance to chemicals, and light‐weight made them an ideal choice for this purpose. EGFCs were processed through vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) technique and resulted in significant improvements in an impact strength. Compatibilization of nanoclay/PE fibers was confirmed using FTIR and SEM‐EDS analysis. Nanoclay morphology in EGFCs was determined using XRD and TEM analysis. Reinforcement of maleic anhydride grafted PE fibers and silanized nanoclay in EGFCs significantly increased the impact strength by160% over the reference EGFC (without nanoclay/PE fibers). FE‐SEM micrographs showed improved interfacial interaction among various constituents of EGFCs resulting in superior mechanical performance. The newly developed EGFCs have myriad applications in various industries, namely, automotive (bumpers, frames for racing bicycles etc.), marine (hulls, decks, etc.), aviation (radome, stabilizers, etc.), and sports (archery bows, vault poles, etc.).

Highlights

Multi‐scale filler‐reinforced EGFCs fabricated through VARIM process.

Compatibilized reinforcement significantly improved impact strength.

Silanization of nanoclay validated with FTIR & morphology with XRD/TEM technique.

SEM‐EDS and FTIR confirmed successful compatibilization of PE fibers.

SEM showed improved interfacial interaction among various constituents of EGFCs.
Mechanical properties of acrylate matrix composite reinforced with manganese‐aluminum layered double hydroxide
Authors: Alazreg Asma , Vuksanović Marija M. , Egelja Adela , Mladenović Ivana O. , Radovanović Željko , Petrović Miloš , Marinković Aleksandar , Heinemann Radmila Jančić
Published: August 2023

Acrylate polymers are used in several applications such as dentistry, medicine, and industry. The modification of their properties using the reinforcement is of key importance for the possible applications. Layered double hydroxides are materials that are easily synthesized by several techniques giving the possibility to modulate the chemical composition and morphology of the reinforcement and they consist of a divalent and a trivalent anion hydroxide and the layers can be exfoliated and thus provide a material interesting for composite reinforcement. In this paper, Mn was used as a divalent and Al as a trivalent cation. The obtained particles were used as reinforcement for the preparation of composites in 1, 3, and 5 wt% quantities and prepared samples were compared to the matrix consisting of PMMA. Physical mechanical properties of the sample having the best mechanical properties (with 3 wt% of MnAl‐LDH filers) exhibited 6.38% modulus of elasticity, 27% hardness, and 10% tensile strength improved values compared to the clear PMMA matrix. Toughness was lowered in this sort of composite compared to the pure matrix.

Highlights

MnAl‐LDH‐PMMA composites improved modulus, strength, hardness

Loss of toughness is tolerable for 3 wt% reinforcement

Viscoelastic properties are improved for composites compared to matrix
Trends in use of proton pump inhibitors among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2018
Authors: Bergin Emily , Zylberberg Haley M. , Lebwohl Benjamin , Freedberg Daniel E.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly used drugs in the United States (U.S.). We aimed to determine the trends in use of PPIs among adults in the U.S. from 1999 through 2018, hypothesizing the trend would follow an inverted U‐shaped curve, with a decline in recent years due to safety concerns.

Methods

Temporal trends in use of prescription PPIs were assessed using the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative cross‐sectional survey of non‐institutionalized U.S. civilians. Use of PPIs was defined as any use during the month preceding the survey. Descriptive statistics were produced and trends in PPI use were examined, stratified by sex, age, race, body mass index (BMI), and poverty level.

Results

Use of prescription PPIs increased from 4.1% of U.S. adults in 1999–2000 to 8.6% in 2017–2018 (p for trend <0.01). All of the increase was observed during the first half of the study period (4.6% increase from 1999 to 2008 vs. 0.5% decrease from 2009 to 2018) and almost all of it was among those aged 55 or more (8.6% increase among those aged ≥ 55 compared to 1.2% increase among those aged < 55, p for interaction based on age <0.01).

Conclusions

Use of prescription PPIs increased from 1999 to 2008 and then plateaued through 2018. This rise was driven by increased usage among older NHANES respondents.
Recent Advances in Common Transition Metal‐Based Single‐Atom Nanozymes and Their Applications in Pollutant Detection and Degradation
Authors: Xie Xiaoyi , Zhang Yi , Li Dong , Fan Yuxiu , Huang Bin , Yang Xiupei
Published: August 2023

Nanozymes can be used as favorable substitutes for natural enzymes because of their strong catalytic activity and good stability. At the same time, research on single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with isolated metal atoms as active centers is also in full swing, showing excellent performance in a variety of catalytic reactions. With the in‐depth study of SACs, people have a comprehensive understanding of them and put forward the concept of single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) by combining nanozymes with SACs. As a new type of nanomaterial, SAzymes have attracted great interest due to their remarkable catalytic activity and rapid energy conversion. However, most applications of SAzymes are mainly in the fields of biomedicine and biosensing, and less research has been done in the field of the environment. Based on the amazing ability of nanozymes to detect and degrade pollutants, SAzymes are also used in the environmental field, and even they will show better capabilities. This review mainly analyses common transition metal‐based SAzymes and describes their applications in the field of environmental pollutants.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Wu Fengming , Du Zhong , Zhang Tianhao , Jiang Lei , Zhang Lijie , Ge Siqin
Published: August 2023

The front cover image is based on the Research Article A neurotransmitter histamine mediating phototransduction and photopreference in Callosobruchus maculatus by Fengming Wu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7475. Image Credit: Runzhi Zhang.

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Charge‐Mediated Copper‐Iodide‐Based Artificial Synaptic Device with Ultrahigh Neuromorphic Efficacy
Authors: Assi Dani S. , Huang Hongli , Kandira Kadir Ufuk , Alsulaiman Nasser S. , Theja Vaskuri C. S. , Abbas Hasan , Karthikeyan Vaithinathan , Roy Vellaisamy A. L.
Published: August 2023

In the realm of artificial intelligence, ultrahigh‐performance neuromorphic computing plays a significant role in executing multiple complex operations in parallel while adhering to a more biologically plausible model. Despite their importance, developing an artificial synaptic device to match the human brain's efficiency is an extremely complex task involving high energy consumption and poor parallel processing latency. Herein, a simple molecule, copper‐iodide‐based artificial synaptic device demonstrating core synaptic functions of human neural networks is introduced. Exceptionally high carrier mobility and dielectric constant in the developed device lead to superior efficacies in neuromorphic characteristics with ultrahigh paired‐pusle facilitation index (>195). The results demonstrate biomimetic capabilities that exert a direct influence on neural networks across multiple timescales, ranging from short‐ to long‐term memory. This flexible reconfiguration of neural excitability provided by the copper‐iodide‐based synaptic device positions it as a promising candidate for creating advanced artificial intelligence systems.
Boosted Ensembles of Qubit and Continuous Variable Quantum Support Vector Machines for B Meson Flavor Tagging
Authors: West Maxwell T. , Sevior Martin , Usman Muhammad
Published: August 2023

The recent physical realization of quantum computers with hundreds of noisy qubits has given birth to an intense search for useful applications of their unique capabilities. One area that has received particular attention is quantum machine learning (QML), the study of machine learning algorithms running natively on quantum computers. In this work, QML methods are developed and applied to B meson flavor tagging, an important component of experiments which probe CP violation in order to better understand the matter‐antimatter asymmetry of the universe. One simulate boosted ensembles of quantum support vector machines (QSVMs) based on both conventional qubit‐based and continuous variable architectures, attaining effective tagging efficiencies of 28.0% and 29.2%, respectively, comparable with the leading published result of 30.0% using classical machine learning algorithms. The ensemble nature of the classifier is of particular importance, doubling the effective tagging efficiency of a single QSVM, which is find to be highly prone to overfitting. These results are obtained despite the constraint of working with QSVM architectures that are classically simulable, and it finds evidence that QSVMs beyond the simulable regime may be able to realize even higher performance, when sufficiently powerful quantum hardware is developed to execute them.
High‐throughput transcriptomic profiling of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the dermatomyositis muscle by RNA sequencing
Authors: Li Ke , Ma Yubao , Zhang Shanchun , Ban Rui , Shi Qiang
Published: August 2023

Background

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). In this study, we investigated the mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in muscle biopsy specimens that are differentially expressed among patients with DM, patients with other IIM, and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods

In total, three patients with DM, 10 patients with other IIM, and three HCs were included. Muscle biopsy specimens were collected for RNA‐sequencing. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were employed to characterize the biological processes and signaling pathways.

Results

Compared with HCs, 372 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified within the DM group, including 275 upregulated and 97 downregulated ones. Moreover, 692 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in the DM group compared with HCs, of which 407 were upregulated and 285 were downregulated. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the type‐I interferon signaling pathway and biological processes of innate immunity were significantly influenced by the differentially expressed mRNAs. Notably, 11 of the top 20 upregulated mRNAs were involved in the type‐I interferon signaling pathway. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the RNA‐sequencing data. Target gene prediction analysis suggested that the lncRNA NONHSAG043573.2 potentially targeting transporter associated with antigen processing 1, a key regulator of interferon signaling genes, might play an important role in the pathogenesis of DM.

Conclusions

Our study assessed the transcriptomic profiles of differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in the DM muscle tissue and revealed that the upregulated mRNAs are significantly involved in the innate immune response and the type‐I interferon signaling pathway, which might play important roles in the pathogenesis of DM.
Reinforcement learning‐based adaptive consensus control for a class of non‐affine nonlinear multiagent systems with semi‐Markov switching topographies
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Jiali
Published: August 2023

A reinforcement learning‐based adaptive consensus control method has been proposed for the non‐affine nonlinear multiagent systems with semi‐Markov switching topographies in this paper. The considered system contains the nonlinear features, multiple source disturbances and non‐affine inputs, which makes it difficult to design the consensus controller. Firstly, to overcome the adverse influence caused by the multiple disturbances existing in the nonlinear system, a reinforcement learning based adaptive disturbance observer has been designed. Secondly, to handle the unknown nonlinear terms and the non‐affine features of the control inputs, an auxiliary loop has been introduced and a reinforcement learning based adaptive control law has been designed. Finally, aiming at the semi‐Markov switching topographies possessed by the multiagent systems, a novel adaptive consensus controller integrating the reinforcement learning approximator, the adaptive disturbance observer and the consensus control law, has been proposed. Through the Lyapunov direct method, it has been proven that the tracking errors are ultimately uniformly bounded. Moreover, within an acceptable margin of error, the state of all the followers can proved to be consistent with the leader. Several numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed reinforcement learning‐based leader‐following consensus control law.
Earthwork digital twin for teleoperation of an automated bulldozer in edge dumping
Authors: You Ke , Zhou Cheng , Ding Lieyun , Chen Weiya , Zhang Ruwei , Xu Jindong , Wu Zhangang , Huang Chao
Published: August 2023

The unstructured construction site with a complex and changeable environment brings challenges to human–machine interaction. In this study, the earthwork digital twin (DT) is proposed to realize accurate and real‐time perception, which can support the teleoperation of an automated bulldozer. The overall framework includes anterior‐time DT, real‐time DT, and posterior‐time DT, which integrates three‐dimensional modeling, edge detection, and blade trajectory algorithms. Multidimensional heterogeneous data in bulldozer teleoperation can be displayed in real‐time to ensure construction safety. Big data during teleoperation of the construction process can be collected, stored, and analyzed. The DT proposed in this study was successfully applied in a major construction project in China, and testing results show its universality, robustness, and advanced performance. The key technologies proposed in this study can be applied to solve the common problems in the construction industry, which is promising for future intelligent construction.
The relationship between loneliness and the experiences of everyday stress and stressor‐related emotion
Authors: Kang Jee eun , Graham‐Engeland Jennifer E. , Scott Stacey , Smyth Joshua M. , Sliwinski Martin J.
Published: August 2023

Loneliness influences how people experience and respond to stressors, which may account for its role as a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The present study was motivated by emerging evidence that affective responses to minor daily events have long‐term implications for health and well‐being. Specifically, we evaluated how individual differences in loneliness relate to the frequency of everyday stressors and stressor‐related negative emotions. A diverse community sample of 255 adults (age 25–65 years) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA), during which they reported recent stressors and current negative affect (NA) five times a day for 14 days. Multilevel logistic analyses indicated that there was a quadratic association between loneliness and likelihood of reporting stressors, controlling for demographics, social isolation, depressive symptoms, and context (current activities, current location). Multilevel regression indicated that loneliness was unrelated to the concurrent effect of stressors on NA but significantly larger lagged stressor effects were observed among individuals in the low and high ranges of loneliness. These findings suggest that individuals with high levels of loneliness are more likely to experience everyday stressors and have prolonged emotional responses following stressors.
Tight Binding and Dual Encapsulation Enabled Stable Thick Silicon/Carbon Anode with Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacity for Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhang Wen , Gui Siwei , Zhang Zihan , Li Wanming , Wang Xinxin , Wei Junhong , Tu Shuibin , Zhong Linxin , Yang Wu , Ye Hongjun , Sun Yongming , Peng Xinwen , Huang Jianyu , Yang Hui
Published: August 2023

Silicon (Si) is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, how to mitigate its poor intrinsic conductivity and the lithiation/delithiation‐induced large volume change and thus structural degradation of Si electrodes without compromising their energy density is critical for the practical application of Si in LIBs. Herein, an integration strategy is proposed for preparing a compact micron‐sized Si@G/CNF@NC composite with a tight binding and dual‐encapsulated architecture that can endow it with superior electrical conductivity and deformation resistance, contributing to excellent cycling stability and good rate performance in thick electrode. At an ultrahigh mass loading of 10.8 mg cm−2, the Si@G/CNF@NC electrode also presents a large initial areal capacity of 16.7 mA h cm−2 (volumetric capacity of 2197.7 mA h cm−3). When paired with LiNi0.95Co0.02Mn0.03O2, the pouch‐type full battery displays a highly competitive gravimetric (volumetric) energy density of ≈459.1 Wh kg−1 (≈1235.4 Wh L−1).
Two Birds with One Stone: Micro/Nanostructured SiOxCy Composites for Stable Li‐Ion and Li Metal Anodes
Authors: Fan Shangze , Cui Shiqiang , Zhang Jiangjiang , Rong Jinsheng , Wang Wenxin , Xing Xuteng , Liu Yaran , Ma Wenwen , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: August 2023

Developing stable silicon‐based and lithium metal anodes still faces many challenges. Designing new highly practical silicon‐based anodes with low‐volume expansion and high electrical conductivity, and inhibiting lithium dendrite growth are avenues for developing silicon‐based and lithium metal anodes, respectively. In this study, SiOxCy microtubes are synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition method. As Li‐ion battery anodes, the as‐prepared SiOxCy not only combines the advantages of nanomaterials and the practical properties of micromaterials, but also exhibits high initial Coulombic efficiency (80.3%), low volume fluctuations (20.4%), and high cyclability (98% capacity retention after 1000 cycles). Furthermore, SiOxCy, as a lithium deposition substrate, can effectively promote the uniform deposition of metallic lithium. As a result, low nucleation overpotential (only 6.0 mV) and high Coulombic efficiency (≈98.9% after 650 cycles, 1.0 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2) are obtained on half cells, as well as small voltage hysteresis (only 9.5 mV, at 1.0 mA cm−2) on symmetric cells based on SiOxCy. Full batteries based on both SiOxCy and SiOxCy@Li anodes demonstrate great practicality. This work provides a new perspective for the simultaneous development of practical SiOxCy and dendrite‐free lithium metal anodes.