bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation and biomedical application of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence induced multiple stimulated Stokes Raman scattering in FITC-conjugated gold nanoparticles solution
Authors: Khosroshahi Mohammad E , Morison Vaughan W , Chabok Roxana , Patel Yesha , Mohmedi Tiam
Published: October 2022

This work describes the observation of multi-wavelengths due to stimulated Raman scattering from deep red to near-infrared (NIR) induced by plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated gold nanoparticles (F-AuNP) excited by 488 nm diode laser. Coupling between the near-field of localized surface plasmons of AuNP with molecules amplifies the fluorescence signal i.e. brightness hence the quantum yield by several orders of magnitude. Resonance Rayleigh scattering and PEF conditions are satisfied due to the overlapping of 488 nm of the laser beam with the maximum absorbance of FITC, and the SPR of AuNP with FITC emission spectrum at ≈525 nm. PEF acts as Stoke sand secondary pump beam for further optical excitation. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) showed FITC molecular bonds at 600, 1680, and a weak deviation at 1280 cm−1, respectively. Longer wavelengths with higher output power were observed between 180° and 270°, and shorter wavelengths with lower power between 90° and 0° respectively. F-AuNPs were incubated and up taken by the oyster mushroom (OM) grown in the lab for bioimaging purposes and studied by phase-contrast microscope (PCM), and fluorescence microscope (FM). The FM results revealed visible colours, which can be utilized for in vitro and in vivo biosensing applications.
High sensitivity photonic crystal sensor based on transition between photonic bands
Authors: González Evelyn Yamel , Medina José Antonio , Murillo José Guadalupe
Published: October 2022

In this work, we performed a study of an interferometric high sensitivity photonic crystal (PhC) sensor applied to measure glucose concentration in human urine samples. The architecture of the photonic sensor numerically simulated is based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer formed by a coupled waveguide-cavity system. The sensor operates using photonic mode transitions detected from the photonic band diagram analysis, driven by changes in the glucose concentration in the urine samples that affect the refractive index of the optical sampling cavity. The photonic mode transition causes a phase shift between the wave traveling in the reference arm of the interferometer and the propagating electromagnetic wave in the sensing cavity containing the probing sample. As a consequence, the transmittance at the output of the interferometer can be modulated, making it extremely sensitive to changes in the refractive index of the sensing cavity. Since the PhC sensor studied works under variations in transmittance, we proposed a sensitivity coefficient as a function of the change in transmittance per unit change in the refractive index. The sensitivity achieved by the photonic sensor presents a value of 7000%/RIU, which indicates a variation in transmittance of 70% for changes in the refractive index of 0.01. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using photonic transitions between modes as a sensing tool in integrated photonic devices.
Elemental changes in heart and coronaries after breast cancer radiotherapy assessed by synchrotron radiation soft X-ray spectromicroscopy
Authors: Pickler A , Mendes G , Tanure T , Serqueira L , Sena G , Fidalgo G , Colaço M , Muñoz E , Ferreira-Machado S , Lau C C , Salata C , Mantuano A , Mota C L , Nascimento A , Almeida C E de , Barroso R C
Published: October 2022

Radiotherapy (RT) plays a pivotal role in the treatment of breast cancer (BC) and various thoracic malignancies. Radiation induced heart disease (RIHD) is one such long term toxicity which can offset the improvement in cancer specific mortality. Long term normal tissue toxicity is becoming a bigger concern, as early diagnosis and the improvement in the treatment of these cancers has led to patients surviving longer. Our research group on Physics applied to biomedical sciences has been investigating the side effects of BC treatment (RT and chemotherapy) for more than ten years. The cardiac regeneration has been studied to better understand the damage that occurs following radiation procedures in the heart tissue after many thoracic cancer treatments. One possible complication is coronary artery disease induced by irradiation after radiotherapy in thoracic area. Studies on the structures of cardiac tissue and the distribution of low atomic weight element can help to understand mechanisms associated with damage to healthy tissue, as these are of fundamental importance to metabolism in biological systems. The present study aimed to elucidate how radiotherapy in the thoracic area causes damage in the coronary artery, and to verify the potential use of losartan in reducing, or even preventing, the side effects of irradiation in this artery. To assess elemental and morphological differences in aortic and coronary samples, the Low Energy X-Ray Fluorescence (LEXRF) technique using Synchrotron Radiation was employed. SR- LEXRF and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy measurements were carried out at the beamline TwinMic at Elettra Sincrotrone Triste, Italy.
Using TRIM-SRIM code simulations to determine defect density produced in HOPG irradiated with high energy heavy ions.
Authors: Avanzi L.H. , Aguiar V.A.P. , Costa K.M. , Santarelli T.O. , Medina N.H. , Oliveira J.R.B. , Cappuzzello F. , Iazzi F. , Capirossi V. , Pinna F. , Cavallaro M. , Guazzelli M.A.
Published: October 2022

This work is part of the NUMEN Project (NUclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless double beta decay), which, among other goals, aims to measure cross-section of double charge exchange reactions (DCE). In the experiments to be carried out at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, in Catania, Italy, a target deposited on a carefully chosen backing (substrate) will be irradiated with a high energy ion beam and, importantly, neither the target nor the substrate will be allowed to overheat as this would affect their structures and its properties, which are special for the experiment. Within this context, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was chosen as a substrate for the deposition of target elements that will be irradiated by ions such as 12C, 18O and 20Ne, with energies ranging from 15 MeV/u to 60 MeV/u. HOPG is considered a semimetal structured in layers, being composed of a stack of graphene sheets with a small and very subtle disorientation (less than 1°), which makes it to approach to a single crystal. With its specific flat hexagonal molecular structure, consisting only of carbon atoms, HOPG has good thermal conductivity in these sheets, making it an excellent candidate as a heat sink. However, for the HOPG to act with thermal energy dissipation functionality during the experiments proposed by the NUMEN project, it is necessary to verify whether possible changes caused by exposure to the radiation beam have a direct or indirect influence on its mechanical and thermal properties. Regarding the thermal conductivity, vacancies produced during irradiation is one of the factors that considerably decrease such property. As the production of vacancies during irradiation is one of the factors that considerably decrease thermal conductivity, in this work it was used the SRIM/TRIM code simulations to investigate the mechanisms of vacancy production in the target plus HOPG backing system. In the simulations, it was considered different types and doses of incident ion beams as well as different target thickness. From the results it was possible to estimated how long a target-HOPG system can be irradiated before the HOPG high heat conductivity property is lost.
Ingestion doses and elemental composition of herbal plants and fish
Authors: Piedade Fernanda G. , Nascimento Natália B. , Sciani Wagner , Curado Jéssica F. , Guazzelli Marcilei A.
Published: October 2022

It is known that the determination of ingestion doses of radioactive elements is a complex problem due to the different metabolic behaviours of the human beings. To contribute to this topic, this work presents the analysis of the ingestion doses of 40K, 232Th and 238U in some species of herbal plants and fish. These analyses were done using technique of gamma ray spectrometry and applying the estimation models for ingestion dose of ICRP and IAEA. Furthermore, in this article was applied the analytic technique of Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) in the analysis of elementary composition and concentrations of components in those same species of herbal plants and fish.
Non-destructive methods of analysis to characterize an easel painting by Victor Meirelles
Authors: Schenatto J , Campos P H O V , Rizzutto M A
Published: October 2022

The use of analytical, non-destructive, non-invasive, and portable techniques applied to the Cultural Heritage research represents a great collaboration between different sciences. With these methods, artwork can have its original pigments identified, as well as be checked for other pigments used in interventions. These techniques allow to identify the artist’s creative process without having to move the artwork to the laboratory. This study’s main advantage is assisting art historians, restorers and conservators, and correlating time-period artworks. The painting “Dr José Maria Chaves” (1873) by Victor Meirelles, from MASP’s collection, was the subject of this study by using imaging (VIS, RAK, UVL, and IRR) and spectroscopies (ED-XRF and Raman) methods. Through these it was possible to identify a few “pentiments” performed by the artist, many interventions, and different layers of varnish. Besides that, it was suggested the pigments used by the artist, highlighting the base preparation with Lead White and the uncommon use of Naples Yellow. This results help to increment the database about the Brazilian artist and his historical period, providing a better understanding of creative techniques, palletes, interventions, and strengthing the database for future works.
The origin of the K
∗ suppression at the LHC
Authors: Le Roux C. , Navarra F. S.
Published: October 2022

When relativistic heavy ions collide, a plasma of quarks and gluons is created. It expands, cools down and eventually reaches the hadronization temperature, when a hadron gas phase is formed. In this phase, K
∗ and K can interact with light mesons and change their abundances with respect to the predictions of statistical hadronization models. In a previous article, we studied the effect of the cooling of the gas, the freeze-out temperature and the interaction cross sections on the K
∗/K yield ratio. In the present work, we investigate the effect of the different reaction mechanisms on this ratio. Our analysis showns that, out of all the possible interactions that the K
∗ and K mesons can undergo in the hadron gas, only the K
∗ decay and its inverse mechanism are indeed necessary to give a good description the observed yield in several collision systems studied by the ALICE collaboration.
Cluster Structures with Machine Learning Support in Neutron Star M-R relations
Authors: Lobato Ronaldo V. , Chimanski Emanuel V. , Bertulani Carlos A.
Published: October 2022

Neutron stars (NS) are compact objects with strong gravitational fields, and a matter composition subject to extreme physical conditions. The properties of strongly interacting matter at ultra-high densities and temperatures impose a big challenge to our understanding and modelling tools. Some difficulties are critical, since one cannot reproduce such conditions in our laboratories or assess them purely from astronomical observations. The information we have about neutron star interiors are often extracted indirectly, e.g., from the star mass-radius relation. The mass and radius are global quantities and still have a significant uncertainty, which leads to great variability in studying the micro-physics of the neutron star interior. This leaves open many questions in nuclear astrophysics and the suitable equation of state (EoS) of NS. Recently, new observations appear to constrain the mass-radius and consequently has helped to close some open questions. In this work, utilizing modern machine learning techniques, we analyze the NS mass-radius (M-R) relationship for a set of EoS containing a variety of physical models. Our objective is to determine patterns through the M-R data analysis and develop tools to understand the EoS of neutron stars in forthcoming works.
Neutron star stability with equations of state breaking the conformal QCD limit
Authors: Jiménez José C. , Fraga Eduardo S.
Published: October 2022

We explore the structural stability of neutron stars against radial pulsations obtained by a set of equations of state calculated from successive interpolations between perturbative QCD at high densities and chiral effective field theory at low densities being constrained also by observational data at intermediate densities. In order to do this, we solve a pair of first-order coupled differential equations equivalent to the original Sturm-Liouville problem to obtain the zero-mode frequencies characterizing stable stars. Besides, we study the effects of mild and large breakings of the conformal limit put for the speed of sound,

c
s
2

=
1
/
3

, in stars that can possibly contain cold quark matter at their cores. We find that some neutron-star families display an unusual humps in the mass-radius diagram which are associated to large non-linear oscillation amplitudes near the core.
Gauge fields renormalization groups and thermofractals
Authors: Deppman A. , Megías E. , Menezes D. P.
Published: October 2022

The perturbative approach to QCD has shown to be limited, and the difficulties to obtain accurate calculations in the low-energy region seems to be insurmountable. A recent approach uses the fractal structures of Yang-Mills Field Theory to circumvent those difficulties, allowing for the determination of an analytic expression for the running coupling. The results obtained are in agreement with several experimental findings, and explain many of the observed phenomena at high-energy collisions. In this work, we address some of the conceptual aspects of the fractal approach, which are expressed in terms of the renormalization group equation and the self-energy corrections to the parton mass. We associate these concepts with the origins of the fractal structure in the quantum field theory.
Thermodynamical properties of hot and magnetized quark matter within the SU(2) Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model: vacuum magnetic regularization scheme
Authors: Avancini Sidney S. , Farias Ricardo L. S. , Pinto Marcus B. , Tavares William R. , Restrepo Tulio E.
Published: October 2022

In this work we implement the recent proposed vacuum magnetic regularization (VMR) scheme to the two flavor Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model in order to describe some basic thermodynamic properties such as the pressure, entropy and energy density. We show that this procedure allows the evaluation of the renormalized magnetization, which agrees with LQCD data. Potential physical differences are also explored when other three possible regularization schemes are adopted to describe the chiral condensate.
Weinberg and few-nucleon forces
Authors: van Kolck U
Published: October 2022

Weinberg’s contributions to the power counting and derivation of few-nucleon forces in Chiral EFT are briefly recalled. Subsequent improvements are reviewed, concluding with the recent suggestion of a combinatorial enhancement.
Neutron diffusion in magnetars as a source of astrophysical bursts
Authors: Bertulani C. A. , Lobato R. V.
Published: October 2022

Neutron tunneling in neutron star crusts can release enormous amounts of energy on a short timescale. We have clarified aspects of this process occurring in the outer crust regions of neutron stars when oscillations or cataclysmic events changes the crustal ambient density. We report a time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model to determine the rate of neutron diffusion and conclude that a large amount of energy, in the range of ∼ 1040 – 1044 erg, can be released rapidly. We suggest that this mechanism may be the source of hitherto unknown phenomena such as the Fast Radio Bursts (FRBS).
Neutron star crust properties: comparison between the compressible liquid-drop model and the extended Thomas-Fermi approach
Authors: Grams G. , Margueron J. , Somasundaram R. , Chamel N. , Goriely S.
Published: October 2022

We present a detailed analysis of three models predicting the properties of non-uniform matter in the crust of neutron stars: the compressible liquid-drop model, the fourth order Extended Thomas Fermi (ETF) method, and ETF plus Strutinsky integral (ETFSI) correction. The former treats the nuclear clusters as uniform hard spheres, the second takes into account the density distribution which can be different for neutrons and protons, and the last one includes the proton shell effects within the Strutinsky approach. The purpose of this work is to understand the importance of the improvements in the nuclear modeling and to analyze the quantities which are the most sensitive to them. We find that thermodynamic quantities such as pressure, energy and chemical potential, as well as the electron fraction, are in very good agreement among the three models. This confirms previous results where we have shown that the improvement in the finite-size description of the nuclear clusters has a small impact on these quantities, since they are mainly constrained by the bulk properties. The refinements in the finite-size modeling are shown to impact mostly the composition of the nuclear clusters (Z
cl, N
cl) in an ordering which ranks according to the leptodermous expansion. This analysis is performed considering both the r-cluster and the e-cluster representations. The proton shell effects are shown to stabilize Z
cl, which consequently impacts the neutron number N
cl as well.
Resonant scattering measurement for 11C using thick target in inverse kinematics
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Guimarães V. , Zamora J.C. , Assunção M. , Alcantara-Nunez J. , de Lara A.L. , Zevallos E.O.N. , Ribeiro J.B. , Lichtenthäler R. , Pires K.C.C. , Santos O.C.B. , Morcelle V. , deBoer R.J.
Published: October 2022

The resonant scattering of 10B+p reaction was measured at θ
c.m.= 180°, 170°, 160°, 150° and 140° using a 35.93 MeV 10B beam to investigate the spectroscopy of 11C with the thick target inverse kinematic method at RIBRAS facility, IFUSP, São Paulo. Influence of the stopping power uncertainty on the resonant scattering cross section values for 11C in the 10B(p, p)10B reaction is shown. The data measured for the reaction channels p(10B,α) and p(10B,3He) is also presented. Interestingly, the cross sections for the 3He channel are observed upto 2 MeV below the lowest energy measurement available in literature.
Isomeric state in the odd-odd 68Ga nucleus
Authors: Escudeiro R. , Vasconcellos C.E.C. , Allegro P.R.P. , Medina N.H. , Toufen D.L. , Added N. , Aguiar V.A.P. , Alberton S.G.P.N. , Alcántara-Núñez J. , Guazzelli M.A. , Macchione E.L.A. , Oliveira J.R.B. , Ribas R.V. , Scarduelli V.B.
Published: October 2022

The half life of the 7− isomeric state of the odd-odd 68Ga nucleus was measured using a particle-γ delayed coincidence technique. The 68Ga nuclei were produced using the fusion-evaporation reaction 55Mn(16O,2pn)68Ga at 55 MeV incident beam energy. The beam was produced by the 8 MV Pelletron accelerator of the Nuclear Physics Open Laboratory of the University of São Paulo. The half life was measured using the Isomeric State Measurement System (SISMEI). The obtained value was 60.83(25) ns, compatible with previous measurements. The 68Ga excited states were well described with the Large Scale Shell Model using the JUN45 residual interaction.
Model on degradation of thick solid molecular targets by energetic ion and electron beams
Authors: Silveira E F da
Published: October 2022

Thick targets are those inside which incoming projectiles lose all or most of their kinetic energy. One of the main characteristics of these systems is the highly inhomogeneous degradation of molecular samples as a function of depth; as a consequence, the molecular destruction rate during irradiation differs substantially from the expected exponential decrease. The proposed model predicts the profile of the molecular damage as function of depth in the target as well as the evolution of the molecular column density as a function of beam fluence. Codes, such as TRIM and CASINO, are used to extract collisional information on the projectile-solid interaction which, in turn, is used to determine the dependence of destruction cross sections on depth. Theoretical predictions are presented. Comparisons with experimental data are referenced.
COTS Tolerant to Total Ionizing Dose (TID): AlGaN/GaN-based transistor 10 KeV X-ray Analysis
Authors: Bôas A.C.V. , Alberton S.G. , de Melo M.A.A. , Santos R.B.B. , Giacomini R.C. , Medina N.H. , Seixas L.E. , Finco S. , Palomo F.R. , Guazzelli M. A.
Published: October 2022

Gallium nitride commercial transistors (GaN FET) are great candidates as power devices tolerant to the effects of Total ionizing dose (TID). Therefore, we have evaluated its robustness by analysing parameters in its characteristic parameters. Devices were exposed to a 10 keV X-ray source accumulating a total of 350 krad(Si). However, results indicate that the tested components are more tolerant to the effects of TID when in on-state mode rather than the off-mode, that is, when the device is working, which is good news for COTS applications in environments subject to the effects of ionizing radiation.
Performance and optimization of a GEM-based neutron detector using a parameterized fast simulator
Authors: Felix dos Santos R. , Munhoz M. G. , Moralles M.
Published: October 2022

Neutrons can be detected indirectly through a nuclear reaction where the products are ionizing radiation. Due to the shortage of 3He, several studies are searching for alternatives, where the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector using a layer of 10B as a neutron converter is a very promising option. The GEM detectors are a type of Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD), widely used in particle tracking systems, as the Time Projection Chamber of the ALICE experiment in the LHC-CERN, and proposed for many other applications, including neutron detection. A common strategy to simulate this kind of detector is based on two frameworks: Geant4 and Garfield++. Given the high ionizing power of these nuclear reaction products, a full simulation is very time consuming then a fast simulator was developed using a parameterization strategy based on these two frameworks that allowed to generate enough data to study an optimized version of this detector. In this proceeding, it is shown the optimization that improves the position resolution by changing the gas mixture and/or its pressure.
Development of miniaturized portable metric internal thread contact detector
Authors: Lu C Y , Shih C L , Su M S , Huang Y K , Wu H F , Tseng C L , Liao C W
Published: October 2022

Because the thread is easy to install, disassemble, and replace, and most of the threads have been standardized, the miniaturized internal thread structure is quite special, the size is extremely small, and the space position is limited, so that the current common measurement mechanism cannot achieve effective measurement. Based on the above reasons, this research aims to develop a portable miniaturized metric internal thread contact detector. The parameter values that can be detected by the detector respectively include the hole diameter value under the inner thread before tapping, the minor diameter value and the major diameter value of the internal thread after tapping. Then, use the quadratic element measuring instrument to measure three parameter values, namely the lower diameter value, the smaller diameter value of the internal thread, and the value of the major diameter of the internal thread. It is then verified with the theoretical value of the metric internal thread, which proves that the experimental parameter values designed in this study are consistent with the theoretical values. That is to say, the miniaturized metric internal thread detector can be applied to any miniaturized metric internal thread detection place, and can accurately detect the obtained parameter values, and can overcome the detection limitation given by the miniaturized internal thread in the space structure. Finally, the easy availability of the detector and the relatively low cost are its main development advantages.
The die holder interaction variable analysis of 1D2B screw heading machine and its adjustment algorithm design
Authors: Wen C C , Sung X Y , Liu K C , Yang C M
Published: October 2022

Die forming is a key process in a production line of metal screw manufacturing, the most commonly used industrial process equipment type is one-die two-blow (1D2B) heading machine. Current solutions for die holder adjustment among manufacturers rely mostly on inheritance of experience. The lack of systemized solutions for fundamental machine tuning causes a gap in technological and intelligent upgrade. This study analyzed the most difficult eccentric tuning of the 1D2B heading machine. The adjustment behaviour of die holder from first blow and second blow were systemized, and the relevant interaction was divided into the following procedures: first die eccentric component adjustment, second die eccentric component adjustment, decoupling of interactions, and precompensation process design. The dimensional differences corresponding to die holder adjustment mechanisms were used to allow operators to implement the adjustments sequentially to complete die holder tuning. This study developed a systemized tuning procedure based on designed algorithm. In the developed procedure, precompensation coupling design was conducted for effectively reducing tuning errors. Tuning based on the proposed procedure enabled the precise adjustment of the die holder positions relative to the eccentric errors of corresponding manufacturing dimensions. The developed procedure can solve the problems of manual trial-and-error operations and excessive abrasion of the die holder resulting from unstable tuning qualities. Key parameters proposed by one type of heading machine, such as equipment die holder’s adjusted pitch, die center distance, and position of the axis of rotation, were examined regarding the proposed adjustments to verify the feasibility of the systemized tuning method.
Finite element simulations and experiments of cold drawing of stainless steel rods
Authors: Hwang Y M , Lin M R , Tsui H S R
Published: October 2022

Drawing is a commonly used metal forming method in the industry, it is an effective method to manufacture wires, bars or tubes with smooth surfaces and high precision in size. In this study, the effects of several forming parameters including die angle, reduction ratio, bearing ratio, friction coefficient and drawing speed on the product dimensions of AISI-316 stainless steel rods are investigated. The drawing processes are first simulated using different forming parameters, an empirical formula relating the product diameter to the forming parameters is then derived and verified by experiment. The percentage difference between the experimental, simulated and calculated results is found to be less than 1%. Using this formula, the dimensions of cold-drawn AISI-316 stainless steel can be predicted more easily and quickly. Metallographic observations and hardness tests are also conducted.
FEM simulation on forward extrusion of bi-metal rod
Authors: Huang S W , Huang P H , Tzou G Y
Published: October 2022

This study proposes FEM simulation on forward extrusion of bi-metal rod comprised of Aluminum (Core) and Copper (Sleeve). A Deform-2D commercial software with constant shear friction is used to explore the forming characteristics, such as the effective stress, the effective strain, the velocity field, the extrusion force, the die stress, the ratio of inner diameter to outer diameter at exit after the deformation (the aspect ratio). Besides the extrusion forces and the aspect ratio after the deformation obtained by FEM 2D can be compared with the upper bound method (UBM) and the experiment from Hwang [13]. It notes that the results are in a good agreement among three methods. Therefore the results from FEM 2D can be verified to be feasible from the experiment and UBM.
Multi-pass EDM process planning for the surface treatment of powder-bed-fusion AM CORRAX mold steel
Authors: Hsue A W J , Liao C C , Lu L W
Published: October 2022

Although it is time-consuming to perform multi-pass electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes, EDM is exceedingly feasible for processing the partially unmelt profile of Powder-Bed-Fusion additive manufacture mold steel. This study is based on the principle of removing three times the thickness of the recast layer and reducing the EDM processes depth. And then, the surface quality and the processing time with EDM passes are decreased by adjusting the EDM passes suggested by the machine builder. Secondly, reduction of four more passes and the predetermined depth of processing so that the total processing time can be reduced further. Finally, the efficiency is increased by more than 77% compared to machine builder’s processes, and the final surface roughness reaches the specification of 0.17 μm Ra. The HAZ and recast layer thickness are also reduced drastically and distributed uniformly. Therefore, a new version of the EDM process planning suitable for AM CORRAX mold surface treatment is proposed, and its processing efficiency and surface integrity are investigated.
Power-flow study for a hybrid AC/DC power system based on the Secant method and the Unified method
Authors: Hsu W T , Chen Z M , Huang C W
Published: October 2022

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission benefits cross-provincial long-distance transmission and nonconcurrent interconnection between frameworks than electric power transmission. Due to the different nature of electric power transmission, the power system analysis has evolved from a pure AC power system to a hybrid AC/DC power system. The high-power electrical energy is transmitted under the premise of the hybrid AC/DC power system. It is necessary to monitor the power flow of the hybrid AC/DC power system to avoid substantial economic losses. Therefore, studying the power flow for such a massive power system is crucial. This paper is proposed to apply the secant method and the unified method to analyze the power flow distribution for the hybrid AC/DC power system. First, the initial value is optimized by using the secant method. Then the optimized value is acted as an initial condition used in the unified method. The results show the combined method’s effectiveness and practicability through the power flow analysis using the IEEE 14-Bus system as the simulation model.
Study on advanced assembly characteristics of locking with radial anti-loosening precision locked-nut while maintaining the design rigidity under dynamic precision fastening system
Authors: Chen C M , Chang H L , Syu J H
Published: October 2022

The rigidity of the precision fastening system is often reduced due to dynamic vibration after design assembly rigidity. Without an anti-loosening mechanism, it may even be completely loosened in severe cases. It is often used in the advanced assembly of important precision components or important precision transmissions, what is can keep the stable design dynamic rigidity. The relative fixation of the mechanism, due to the reduction of structural rigidity, often leads to problems such as reduced use accuracy, difficulty to grasp the vibration frequency, and reduced service life. In this paper the clamp locking precision locked-nut that is commonly used in precision fastening systems under dislocation vibration. Through the experiment of the forced dislocation vibration environmental factors to discuss the axial force is affected. To achieve the advanced assembly under keeping the stable design dynamic rigidity of the precision fastening system during dynamic use. In this paper, Assembling the clamp locking precision locked-nut on the precision system are simulated of the conditions, and the experimental target axial forces are 3000N, 5000N, and 7000N, respectively. The designed rigidity after forced dislocation vibration under the advanced assembly characteristic equation is achieved. And using various precision instruments is to measure the microscopic shape and geometric changes before and after the experiment. These are including the deflection of the end face of the nut, flatness, thread angle and thread surface roughness, etc. To grasp changes of relevant dynamic characteristics, and the assembly prediction equation of the target axial force is established. The results can be regarded as an important assembly basis for machine tools, automation, precision electronic special machines, aerospace industry, etc., to improve the dynamic accuracy and stability of their related precision fastening systems.
Mechanical properties and microstructure of cold-rolled Scalmalloy® (Al-4.5Mg-0.6Sc-0.3Zr alloy) at a low reduction in thickness
Authors: Turangi C , Häslich F , Schaefer M , Nomani J , Pasang T , Jehring U , Weißgärber T
Published: October 2022

A selective laser melted Al-4.5Mg-0.6Sc-0.3Zr alloy, also known as Scalmalloy®, was cold-rolled at two different reductions in thickness to observe the effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing with digital image correlation, surface roughness testing and microhardness testing was used to examine samples. Hardness increased significantly in the 30% cold-rolled condition – 20.2% in the horizontal plane, 12.5% in the transverse plane, and 18.2% in the longitudinal plane. Surface roughness was reduced to as low as 1.2μm for cold-rolled conditions compared to >15μm for as-built conditions. Yield strengths were less for cold-rolled conditions compared to as-built and ultimate tensile strengths were similar for as-built and 10% cold rolled conditions. However, 30% cold-rolled condition saw a 10.8% increase compared to as built. Strain distribution among samples was uniform for as-built conditions but concentrated in certain areas for cold-rolled conditions. SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces showed some very ductile fractures evident from dimpling. The microstructure was heavily deformed for all cold-rolled conditions in all build directions showing flattened, elongated grains and grain refinement in both the coarse grain and fine grain regions present in Scalmalloy, especially for the 30% cold-rolled condition.
Eco-friendly oxalic acid and citric acid mixed electrolytes using for plasma electrolytic polishing 304 stainless steel
Authors: Chen H L , Zhang Y X
Published: October 2022

The traditional of mixed electrolyte of H2SO4 and H3PO4 widely used in electropolishing 304 stainless steel. Due to environmental protection and safety issues, there is an urgent need to develop more environmentally friendly electrolytes. In this study, 304 stainless steel was electropolished by plasma electropolishing using a mixed electrolyte of oxalic acid and citric acid, which are environmentally friendly electrolytes. The mixed electrolyte concentration of oxalic acid and citric acid were 0.01 M, 0.05M, 0.1M, 0.3M and 0.5 M, respectively. The volume mixing percentage is adjusted to about 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8, respectively. Plasma power is about 1.3 kW, electrolysis time is 5 and 1 minutes, respectively. The results show that low-concentration mixed electrolyte, shortened electrolysis time and proper electrolyte mixing ratio, can obtain better surface roughness. The mixing ratio of oxalic acid and citric acid mixed electrolyte, and the factors that may affect the surface roughness of plasma electropolished 304 stainless steel, will be discussed in the text.
Research on intrusion detection method based on 1D-ICNN-BiGRU
Authors: Liu Runjie , Ji Chaoqiang , Niu Jinle , Guo Bingjie
Published: October 2022

Intrusion detection is one of the effective ways to secure the network. Based the unbalanced network traffic data between different attacks, the intrusion detection algorithm turns out to be low intrusion detection accuracy and low identification rate of minority attacks. To solve the problems, an improved intrusion detection model combined with one-dimensional convolutional neural network and bidirectional gated recurrent unit(1D-ICNN-BiGRU) is proposed. First, the dataset is balanced by the SMOTE-Tomek algorithm, then 1D-ICNN-BiGRU is performed for feature extraction, and the final fully connected layer of the model is replaced by global average pooling. The results show that based on the balanced data, the proposed model achieves higher intrusion detection accuracy for R2L and U2R attack than other classic intrusion detection models. The proposed model also improved the identification rate of minority attacks, making the model accuracy rate reach 95.53%, and the false positive rate is only 2.98%.
A Novel Perspective towards SVM Combined with Autoencoder
Authors: Zou Deqiang , Man Hongtao
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we propose a novel perspective towards the hybrid algorithm about support vector machine combined with neural network. We suggest that the depth of convolution neural network is supposed to insight the view of machines to acquiring an equal level of features as human do. The kernel function of support vector machine can be grasped flexibly where the neural network makes an efficient cross calculation for features exactly instead of the kernel function but more adjustable. To develop such a coincident format, we build a hybrid model with the half former part of autoencoder working as the kernel function and support vector machine working as the core classifier, with certain ways to train the hybrid model: discrete, continuous and prejudice. The hybrid model inherits asset of each algorithm, and that process is generally subject to the objective perspective. We take the hybrid model to Covid 19 detection compared with other well-performed models, and experimental results illustrate that our perspective is advisable which achieves a state-of-the-art performance in medical scheme.
Research strategy of cleaning airfield navaid lights based on mounted mobile robot group
Authors: Zhiwen Zhang , Xiaohong Ge , Qiuhua Zhu , Fuheng Lv , Jinhuo Wang
Published: October 2022

Based on the landing environment of airport aircraft and the cleaning requirements of a large number of navigation aids, this paper proposes a scheme of intelligent cleaning of navigation aids with mobile robots on the delivery vehicle. The cleaning efficiency of the robot can be effectively improved by optimizing the navigation mode and the moving path of the robot using the feature point navigation according to the layout of the navigation aids. Full automation of navigation light cleaning has been achieved, which saves a lot of manpower and resources for cleaning airports.
Compound drought constrains gross primary productivity in Chinese grasslands
Authors: He Panxing , Ma Xiaoliang , Sun Zongjiu , Han Zhiming , Ma Shangqian , Meng Xiaoyu
Published: October 2022

Water constraints disturb and damage the growth and development of grassland vegetation mainly through both atmospheric and soil pathways. In the background of rapid climate change in the future, the impacts of water constraints on grasslands are expected to further deepen. However, current studies lack reports exploring the frequency, intensity, and area of land-atmospheric compound drought on carbon indicators in grassland ecosystems. In this study, we analyze the response of China grasslands to dual terrestrial-atmospheric water constraint events using ISIMIP gross primary productivity (GPP) data to reveal the carbon cycle-climate feedback relationships over the Chinese grassland. We found that the occurrence probability of compound drought events (i.e. land-atmospheric water constraint) was 3–4 times higher than that of random drought events, and the frequency, intensity, and affected area of compound droughts were significantly higher than that of single droughts. Compound droughts caused a decline of up to 20.27% in GPP of grassland ecosystems in China, while the decline of single atmospheric drought or soil drought was only 12.34% and 14.32%. Which is because vapor pressure deficit and soil moisture are a set of strongly coupled bivariate variables, and the continued strengthening of the land-atmospheric feedback causes a higher probability of occurrence of compound drought events and an increased impact on ecosystem GPP.
Assemblages and steering in general probabilistic theories
Authors: Jenčová Anna
Published: October 2022

We study steering in the framework of general probabilistic theories. We show that for dichotomic assemblages, steering can be characterized in terms of a certain tensor cross norm, which is also related to a steering degree given by steering robustness. Another contribution is the observation that steering in general probabilistic theories (GPTs) can be conveniently treated using Choquet theory for probability measures on the state space. In particular, we find a variational expression for universal steering degree for dichotomic assemblages and obtain conditions characterizing unsteerable states analogous to some conditions recently found for the quantum case. The setting also enables us to rather easily extend the results to infinite dimensions and arbitrary numbers of measurements with arbitrary outcomes.
Recent developments in spectral theory of the focusing NLS soliton and breather gases: the thermodynamic limit of average densities, fluxes and certain meromorphic differentials; periodic gases
Authors: Tovbis Alexander , Wang Fudong
Published: October 2022

In this paper we consider soliton and breather gases for one dimensional integrable focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (fNLS). We derive average densities and fluxes for such gases by studying the thermodynamic limit of the fNLS finite gap solutions. Thermodynamic limits of quasimomentum, quasienergy and their connections with the corresponding g-functions were also established. We then introduce the notion of periodic fNLS gases and calculate for them the average densities, fluxes and thermodynamic limits of meromorphic differentials. Certain accuracy estimates of the obtained results are also included. Our results constitute another step towards the mathematical foundation for the spectral theory of fNLS soliton and breather gases that appeared in work of El and Tovbis (2020 Phys. Rev. E 101 052207).
Application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to cereal production: an overview
Authors: Vinci G , Ruggieri R , Ruggeri M , Zaki M G
Published: October 2022

Cereals have been the basis of human and animal nutrition for centuries, and according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2020), between 1961-2019 their global production increased by +240%, reaching about 3 billion tons, accounting for 18% of climate-changing emissions from the agro-food sector. Continued population growth will lead to the need to produce more food, and to keep up it is estimated that cereal production will need to increase by 900 million tons by 2050, posing an inevitable increase in environmental pressures. Therefore, the new challenge will be to reconcile increased production with sustainable agricultural practices, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Since cereal production is essential to produce globally relevant commodities, it is important to assess and study its associated environmental effects. In this context, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is recognized by the international scientific community as a useful tool for the assessment of environmental impacts caused by products, processes or systems and for the validation of new production paradigms. Therefore, the aim of this research is to carry out an overview of the literature on the most recent applications of LCA related to the production of cereals, in order to highlight the main criticalities, also according to the different production methods of the various Countries. Therefore, the three major cereals (corn, wheat and rice) and five minor ones (barley, sorghum, millet, oats and rye) were considered and the results showed that for all crops the main hotspot is the application and use of fertilizers. However, studies often differed in terms of functional unit, impact assessment methods, and respective environmental indicators. Therefore, a complete comparison was not always possible. Finally, the literature overview did not identify studies in which the social impacts of cereal production were considered, although economic assessments are present in some cases. Therefore, it is believed that consistent with the achievement of the SDGs, it is desirable to apply Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) in agricultural and development policies to consider not only environmental impacts, but also economic and social impacts, in order to ensure a truly sustainable development and thus on all three dimensions
Alternative green livelihood initiatives: an effective way to achieve the sustainable development goals at disaster vulnerable, Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Chowdhury Abhiroop , Dawar Aman , Bhattacharyya Santanu , Naz Aliya
Published: October 2022

Indian Sundarban is the part of world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest, delta and home to around 4.6 million people. Climate change induced natural disasters are rampant along its coasts destabilizing lives and livelihood in the region. Green alternative livelihood schemes addresses the Sustainability Development Goals (SDG), namely SDG-1 (No poverty), SDG-2 (Zero hunger), SDG- 8 (Descent work and economic growth), SDG-10 (Reduced inequalities) and it indirectly impart conservation of mangrove ecosystems (world’s largest blue carbon sink) by reducing nature exploitive livelihood options (SDG- 13, Climate action). A project implemented at Indian Sundarbans, since 2017 introduced alternative livelihood options (Cycle Van transport, Van Repairing Shop, Grocery Shop, Tea Stall) to total 471 marginalized families who has been making 1,629.00 INR per month by 2021. External evaluation report indicated an average of 40472.50 INR annual income. As per this study, Tea stall is most profitable small business followed by Cycle Van transport, Grocery Shop and Grocery Shop.
Engineered charge transfer and reactive site over hierarchical Ti3C2T
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MXene@In2S3-NiS toward enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Xie Guanshun , Zhu Yisong , Yu Changqiang , Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Nan
Published: October 2022

Steering photogenerated electron flow to the effective reactive sites is ideal for photocatalytic H2 evolution. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, NiS is coupled with a typical Schottky heterojunction of Ti3C2T
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MXene@In2S3 through the photodepotition method towards improving the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance. In addition to the Schottky effect-mediated electron transfer in Ti3C2T
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MXene@In2S3 heterojunctions, p–n junctions form between In2S3 and NiS to extract photoinduced electrons, which is found to cooperate with the role of effective H2 evolution reactive sites. The synergistic dual functions of NiS cooperate with Ti3C2T
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MXene promote multichannel electron transfer in Ti3C2T
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MXene@In2S3-NiS hybrids to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency by 41 times compared to the bare In2S3. These results enlighten the engineering of the spatial transfer of photoinduced electrons to the reactive sites toward boosting the efficiency of photocatalytic HER.