bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validitas dan Praktikalitas Modul Hukum-Hukum Dasar Kimia Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik dengan Menerapkan Teknik Probing Prompting untuk Siswa Kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Sari Yuni Purnama , Gazali Fauzana
Published: September 2020

The Implementation of the curriculum is carried out by practicing process skills that are reflected in learning activities. The process skills applied in the form of 5M activities are known as the scientific approach. This research aims to produce of modul of basic chemical laws based on a scientific approach by applying probing prompting techniques. The research instrument used was a questionnaire of validity and practicality. The module was validated by 5 validators while the practicality test was carried out by 2 chemistry teachers and 20 XI grade students of MIA 3 SMAN 1 Basa Ampek Balai Tapan, Pesisir Selatan. Data from the validity and practicality test results were analyzed using the cohen kappa formula. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average kappa moment of validity test was 0,89 with a very high validity category and the average kappa moment of teacher practicality was 0,90 and the average kappa moment of students practicality was 0,91 with a very high practicality category. Thus, it was concluded that basic chemical laws module based on a scientific approach by applying probing prompting techniques was valid and practical for high school students.
Validitas dan Praktikalitas Modul Titrasi Asam dan Basa Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing dilengkapi Soal-Soal Tipe HOTS
Authors: Asda Eka Frima , Iryani Iryani
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the validity and practicality categories of the modules that have been produced. This type of research is classified as a Plomp model which has three stages, preliminary research, prototype formation and assessment. The instruments used were validation and practicality sheets in the form of questionnaire sheets. The products produced were tested by 5 validators consisting of 2 chemistry majors at FMIPA UNP and 3 teachers from MAN 2 Pesisir Selatan and practicality tests conducted by 2 chemistry teachers and 30 students of class XI MIPA MAN 2 Pesisir Selatan. Based on the validation results obtained kappa moment value (k) of 0.87, then the practicality of the teacher and practicality of students obtained an average value of kappa moments (k) of 0.85 and 0.91. The value obtained shows that the module produced is very valid and practical.
Pengembangan Permainan Halmakimia sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pada Materi Konfigurasi Elektron Kelas X MA/SMA
Authors: Kurniati Kurniati
Published: September 2020

This research aims to create and develop a game called halmakimia which can be used as a learning medium in the electron configuration material for class X MA/SMA. This study uses the type of Research and Development (RD) with the 4D model. This model has 4 stages of research namely define, design, development, and disseminate. This study conducted a validity test and practicality test from the development stage. Halmakimia learning media is validated by 3 validators from the MAN 2 Bukittinggi chemistry teacher. The practicality questionnaire was filled by 33 student  class  X MAN 2 Bukittinggi and 2 chemistry teachers MAN 2 Bukittinggi. The results showed the validity test was 0.85 categorized very high. The kappa moment of 33 students MAN 2 Bukittinggi was 0.7 in the high practicality category, and MAN 2 Bukittinggi teachers were 0.83 in the very high category.
Pengembangan E-Modul berbasis Discovery Learning pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit Kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Arianti Visca Alisia , Zainul Rahadian
Published: September 2020

This research aims to develop teaching materials in the form of e-modules that are valid and practical. The type of research used is research and development (RD). The development model used is the 4-D model which includes 4 stages, namely the define, design, develop and disseminate. Research carried out until the development stage, namely the validity and practicality test. The instruments used were validity and practicality sheets. The e-module was validated by 6 validators, while the practicality test was conducted by 3 chemistry teachers and 30 students XI MIA 6 of SMAN 5 Padang. The results of the validity and practicality analysis showed a validity value of 0.840 with a very high category. The practicality value by students is 0.920 and the teacher is 0.841  with a very high category. Thus, e-module based on discovery learning on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials in class X SMA / MA is valid and practical.
Pengaruh Model CLIS Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit di SMAN 1 Padang
Authors: Aulia Annisa , Ulianas Alizar
Published: September 2020

An experimental research using the Children Learning In Science (CLIS) model has been conducted to figure out learning outcome of X MIA in SMAN 1 Padang. The research sample involved two classes with different learning model. The first class model used the CLIS model as experimental class while the second class model used the conventional model as a control class. Multiple choice questions were the research instrument to measure students achievement in cognitive aspect. The results showed that the average of the experimental class was 85,29 and the control class was 78,43. This show that the CLIS model has positive and significant influence on the student learning outcomes.
Deskripsi Keterampilan Proses Sains Peserta Didik Kelas XI MIPA dalam Pembelajaran Menggunakan Modul Sistem Koloid Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing
Authors: Afikah Adilah , Iryani Iryani
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to get an overview of the Science Process Skills of students in learning using the Guided Inquiry-based Colloidal System module. The type of research used is library research with descriptive analysis. The data used in this study are secondary data, i.e. scientific journals which are in the form of articles. The data collection method is in the form of a documentation method with data analysis techniques, namely content analysis. Based on the results of a journal review that has been done, it is obtained that the use of the Guided Inquiry-Based Colloidal System module in learning especially in practical activities can bring up the Science Process Skills of students well. Each Science Process Skill indicator appears with different percentages in either category.
WOMAN IMAGES IN THE NOVEL TERUSIR BY BUYA HAMKA (A FEMINIST LITERARY CRITICISM)
Authors: Gea Mei Yana , Murni Sri Minda , Bahri Syamsul
Published: September 2020

This study was aimed to analyze the woman images based on the main chracter that is consisted in the novel Terusir and to find how the woman images appeared in the novel Terusir. This research was qualitative descriptive research. The data were taken from the sentences in the novel Terusir. The data collected by documentary technique. This research deals with theory which is conducted by Sugihastuti (2000), where she said woman images is the images of woman roles in social life, divided into physic, psychology and social context. There are beautiful, cosmetic defender nd sexual pleasure in the physic images. There are great sense of belonging, patient, vicious creature, faith defender, generous, obedient and feminist in psychology images. And the last, there are naive creature, construct, angel in the house, devoted to the family, whore is broken, and widow bad in the social images.  And the woman images are described from the main character named Mariah and the other characters.Keywords : Novel, feminist literary criticism, woman images
METAPHORS OF WAK UTEH’S SONGS
Authors: Ana Deby , Dirgeyasa I Wy , Tetty Morada
Published: September 2020

This study dealt with metaphors of Wak Uteh’s Songs in Tanjungbalai. The objectives of the study were to investigate the types of metaphors and the cultural meaning of metaphors in wak uteh’s songs in Tanjungbalai. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. This data of this study was words, phrases, and utterances that contained metaphors in Wak Uteh’s Songs in Tanjungbalai. The source of data were lyrics of 10 songs of Wak Uteh’s songs.  The data were selected by using random sampling system. For collecting data, this study used the method of documentary technique. The instrument of this study is documentary sheet. The findings showed that there were four types of Metaphors used in Wak Uteh’s Songs consecutively, Synaesthetic Metaphors (4%), Anthropomorphic (13%), Animal (20%), and Concrete to Abstract (63%). The cultural meanings of the metaphors found in the lyrics of Wak uteh’s songs were literary ones over all about the conditions of social life, economy, and culture from Tanjungbalai Malay life in coastal areas. For example in Anthropomorphic Metaphor is “ambil lah duet seringgit puntong, untuk mamboli kain pandukong (silaule, line 11) as the meaning in the cultural meaning is “Taking a piece of dollar for buying a sling”. So, in this lyric told about the parents ordered someone to take the enough money to buy a sling, Ringgit was a monetary unit that was used by Malay people in Tanjungbalai in long time. Keywords: Metaphors, Tanjungbalai, Wak Uteh’s Songs
RACISM IN TERRY GEORGE’S MOVIE HOTEL RWANDA
Authors: Sinaga Kurniati Delima , Saragih Amrin , Bahri Syamsul
Published: September 2020

The title of this thesis is Racism in Terry George’s Movie Hotel Rwanda. This study is aimed to analyze what kinds of Hutu’s oppressions occurred in the movie, and what are linguistically realized toward racism. The writer applies the theories from Iris Marion Young about oppression in black America society (1990).Based on its form, Young was divided oppression into 5 types, they are (1) exploitation, (2) marginalization,(3)powerlessness, (4) culture imperialism, and (5) violence. Racism is a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement. Oppression is when a person or group in a position of power controls the powerless in cruel and unfair ways. The writer focuses on the analysis of oppression based on Hotel Rwanda script, and finally oppression is found as the most dominant thing that the depict racism in the movie.. Keywords: oppression, racism
Pandemia, cuarentena y comunicación
Authors: Almeida Verbena Córdula
Published: September 2020

Los discursos deben ser vistos bajo la perspectiva de la pertenencia de quien lo construye y propaga, una vez que la producción discursiva involucra directamente un emisor concreto en una situación social concreta. A partir de esa premisa el presente trabajo analiza tres discursos de tres periodistas de medios hegemónicos de la República Argentina, propagados en el mes de mayo del año 2020, referente a la cuarentena decretada por el gobierno federal de aquel país. Aunque pertenecientes a vehículos de comunicación de grupos empresariales distintos, y construidos por periodistas distintos, los discursos analizados presentan casi una visión única del hecho y pone de manifiesto la necesidad de cambios profundos en el sistema de comunicación del país.
Lector modelo: Umberto Eco, El
Authors: Argüello Guzmán Luis Alfonso
Published: September 2020

Este artículo es resultado de una indagación  sobre la lectura literaria y la teoría del lector en Umberto Eco. Para Eco, el lector participa en el proceso de lectura como acción estética y lingüística que codifica su rol. La perspectiva estética comienza en la lógica de producción de la obra de arte abierta y las posibilidades receptivas del intérprete/ejecutante. Por otra parte, la perspectiva lingüística se produce a través de una poética del lector que hace de la obra literaria narrativa su objeto de análisis. Estas  dos perspectivas estéticas y lingüísticas consolidan un análisis sobre el lector que da origen a las nociones de lector semántico y lector semiótico, de la cual surge la figura del Lector Modelo que organiza el modo de leer una obra literaria narrativa desde unos  niveles de intención lectora: intentio auctoris, intentio operis, intentio lectoris e intentio intertextualitis.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PANDANGAN ADIAN HUSAINI
Authors: Yazid Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Education character that has been done at this time seems still unable to show its success in improving the nation character. Although it is too early to assess the success of the new idea, by looking at the various cases of moral degradation which is lately increased by students, it strengthens that character education still needs attention and improvement. By this, the government is supposed to provide the space for the education observers for contributing their thought and patching the gap that is still lacking from the character education. In this occasion, the researcher raises the thought of one of the Islamic Education form, namely Adian Husaini, discussing about his contributions aim to improve the education. By borrowing the concept of Islamic Education from Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas, which bases on ta’dib, Adian Husaini arranges that Islam is the main principle in Islamic education and character education. Thus, all important aspects such as objectives, curriculum and evaluation must run according to the Islamic worldview. The hope is that education can generate the generation of believers, devout, civilized, and intelligent and noble.

Abstrak: Pendidikan karakter yang telah dilaksanakan saat ini, terlihat masih belum mampu menunjukkan keberhasilannya dalam memperbaiki karakter bangsa. Meskipun terlalu dini untuk menilai keberhasilan dari gagasan yang masih berusia muda tersebut, namun dengan melihat berbagai kasus degradasi moral yang semakin marak dilakukan oleh para pelajar akhir-akhir ini, menguatkan bahwa pendidikan karakter masih perlu mendapatkan perhatian dan perbaikan. Dengan ini, maka sudah sepatutnya pemerintah memberikan ruang kepada para pemerhati pendidikan untuk menyumbangkan pemikirannya, menambal celah yang masih kurang dari pendidikan karakter. Pada kesempatan ini, peneliti mengangkat pemikiran salah satu tokoh pendidikan Islam, yaitu Adian Husaini, mengenai sumbangsihnya dalam rangka perbaikan pendidikan. Dengan meminjam konsep pendidikan Islam dari Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas, yaitu berbasis pada ta’dib, Adian Husaini merumuskan bahwa Islam merupakan asas utama dalam pendidikan Islam dan pendidikan karakter. Dengan demikian, segala aspek penting seperti tujuan, kurikulum dan evaluasi pendidikan haruslah berjalan sesuai dengan pandangan hidup Islam (Islamic worldview). Harapannya, pendidikan dapat melahirkan generasi yang beriman, bertakwa, beradab, cerdas, serta berakhlak mulia.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM, INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI ANTI KORUPSI DAN PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Fadhil Moh.
Published: September 2020

This paper will discuss Islamic Religious Education and internalization of anti-corruption values as the effort to prevent corruption. The effort to overcome corruption crime not only with prosecution and eradication, but also with prevention efforts. One of the prevention efforts is education. Therefore, it needs anti-corruption education model as the resistence efforts toward corruptive behavior and to internalize the value of morality. It has to do literatively to build anti-corruption view. The aim of this paper is to understand integration of anti-corruption values in Islamic Religious Education model. Furthermore, this paper also discusses transformation of Islamic Religious Education that integrating anti-corruption values as the prevention efforts of widespread corruptive behavior and to increase corruption perception index. In this case, Islamic Religious Education must be able to make a methodological transformation in terms of cognitive anti-corruption literacy in each learning activity to all those learners. Furthermore, by building an analysis of social symptoms and public issues with a research approach, it must be able to build public morality. The success of the concept will be able to internalize anti-corruption values and to increase corruption perception index in the world.
INTEGRASI ILMU USHUL, FIQIH DAN TASAWWUF DALAM MEMBANGUN KARAKTER MUKMIN PADA PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Baihaqi Baihaqi
Published: September 2020

Character education is education that is highly expected to be an identity of Indonesian education. It is conveyed on every occasion such as seminars, symposiums, discussions, even Nawacita from the current President of Indonesia (Joko Widodo) that Indonesian education should be better. One way to achieve is that education should be character-based and use knowledge as a basic framework. The world of education also teaches religion as a curriculum content, which is oriented towards education. It aims to educate students in order to have moral virtue. However, its effort still has not found maximum results, because religionas a subject matter is still independent and cannot yet be synergized. Even the majority of those taught are only religious jurisprudence (Islamic law) which needs to be formulated with religious study material that discusses ushul from what will become a real practice so that religious practices and rituals do not become ambiguous. This should be done because the end of religious studies must give contributions to "What is done and practiced must be accepted logically for everyone practicing from the teachings of the religion it self".
Aplikasi Metode Al-Ghoyah dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Kitab Kuning di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum, Desa Sumur Dalam, Kecamatan Besuk Probolinggo. Tahun pelajaran 2018-2019
Authors: Fatimah Nur , Yaqin Firdaus Ainul
Published: September 2020

Kitab kuning merupakan kekhasan pesantren sebagai salah satu institusi pendidikan islam, atau sebagai andalan dalam kancah pendidikannya. Dalam penerapan kitab kuning itu terdapat beberapa metode untuk menguasai dan memahami pembelajaran kitab kuning. Metode yang paling umum dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning adalah metode sorogan dan wetonan. Akan tetapi di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum menggunakan metode yang dikenal dengan Metode Al-Ghoyah. Berdasarkan keterangan diatas, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti metode baru, dengan membuat judul “Aplikasi Metode Al-Ghoyah dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Kitab Kuning di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Desa Sumur Dalam kecamatan besuk Kabubaten Probolinggo” Dari pemaparan diatas maka penelitian ini dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut : 1. Bagaimana aplikasi metode al-ghoyah pada pesantren Bahrul Ulum? 2. Apa kelebihan dan kekurangan aplikasi metode al-ghoyah? Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif, Sedangkan jenis penelitianya adalah deskriptif. Dalam pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode pengamatan/observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian di pondok pesantren Bahrul Ulum adalah 1. Aplikasi Metode Al-Ghoyah di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum yaitu dengan melakukan tiga tahapan yaitu, persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. 2. Kelebihan dan kekurangan Metode Al-Ghoyah di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum yaitu Kelebihan : cepat dalam membaca dan memahami Kitab Kuning dalam waktu 20 hari, penerapan metode yang mudah diterima oleh santri, penampilan pembacaan Kitab Kuning ketika Haflatul Ikhtibar, mengikuti lomba dalam bidang Al-Jurumiyah. Kekurangannya adalah kurangnya pembimbing Metode Al-Ghoyah, santri harus punya pemahaman terhadap ilmu alat, serta mahalnya biaya yang harus dikeluarkan.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM PAI DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 1 DEPOK YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Firman Arham Junaidi
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara spesifik pengembangan dan implementasi kurikulum yang dilakukan oleh SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Depok Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan lokus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Depok Yogyakarta. Subyek pengumpulan data adalah waka kurikulum dan guru pendidikan agama Islam yang dilakukan melalui observasi empirik, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi, display dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, yaitu: Pertama, Pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Depok (MUSADE) menggunakan dasar yang dijadikan sebagai acuan dan telah sesuai dengan langkah-langkah pengembangannya serta telah melibatkan berbagai pihak dalam proses pengembangan kurikulum. Kedua, Implementasi kurikulum di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Depok (MUSADE) bisa dilihat dari guru pendidikan agama Islam yang telah mempersiapkan diri sebaik-baiknya dengan adanya pemahaman guru secara seksama terhadap kurikulum. Implementasi kurikulum mencakup tiga aspek, yaitu perencanaan proses pembelajaran, pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran dan penilaian proses pembelajaran, meskipun dalam implementasinya masih ditemukan hambatan-hambatan.
Intelligent Key (IKey) The key of Securing Cars
Authors: Sultan Saad Alshamrani  , Abdulaziz Othman  , Ahmed Saad  , Salem Alaidaros  , Feras Abo Alaoun  , Mohammed Sadiq  , Ramiz Farouq
Published: September 2020

With the advancement of technology, applications have become an indispensable part of daily life to solve many problems. Technology is one of the important contents that promotes communication between people and enhances the acquisition and acquisition of information. Therefore, the development of information technology is the reason for the major scientific and knowledge revolution, which has an impact on the convenience of human life in various scientific journals.
To recognize our responsibility, we came up with the idea of replacing physical objects with applications that increase usability in our life. As we strive to develop a smart car control application, the application can save the driver from the car key. Therefore, the application controls certain functions in the car, such as opening and closing doors and starting and stopping the engine. By connecting the app to the car and ensuring that the user does not need to carry the car key. As a result, now we are able to provide convenience and luxury to our customers and end-users.
Modern Church Architecture as an Intercultural Space of Aesthetic and Moral Communication
Authors: Barashkov V. V.
Published: September 2020

The paper analyses the messages modern architecture communicates to audience and to individual. Architects and theologians regard a church as a community place, and raise questions of aesthetic features of church buildings. At the same time, church space is essential to the visitors’ abilities to remember, to compassionate and to concentrate.

The article focuses on the concepts of three modern theologians: Thomas Erne, Bert Daelemans and Sigurd Bergmann. According to Erne, churches are becoming a space of self-transcendence; they are open to various social and aesthetic values within the sphere of the infinite. Daelemans formulates three dimensions of a church building — synaesthetic, kerygmatic and eucharistic — and doing so, establishes the notion of theotopy, the nonverbal theology of architecture. Bergmann considers the sacred place as a critical place. In addition, architects seek not only the theological reflection on such spaces, but also on solutions that reveal their transcendental dimension.

Church architecture gives an opportunity to express the inexpressible by figurative means, keeping in mind the thoughts of the visitors. A complex religious space, a church is presented to a person and, therefore, can be grasped in a range of ways. So the church space is constructed. Overall, as a space for dialogue and communication, which is not only a religious, but also an aesthetic and moral construct, a temple remains significant despite secularization trends.
The 6th International Scientific Conference Creativity as a National Element: the Role of Individuality in the Framework of Creative Activities in the 21st Century
Authors: Ulanova A. E.
Published: September 2020

From June, 30 to July, 2 2020 the 6th International Scientific Conference Creativity as a National Element: the Role of Individuality in the Framework of Creative Activities in the 21st Century took place in a novel on-line format. The event was organized by the Faculty of Humanities of the St. Petersburg State University of Economics in cooperation with the Department of Philosophy of MGIMO University, the Russian Philosophical Society and the Society of Russian Philosophy at the Ukrainian Philosophy Foundation. Researchers from Voronezh, Orel, Samara, Cheboksary, Chelyabinsk, Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as from Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine took part in the sessions. Those were: Psychological and Pedagogical Aspects of Creative Activity in Modern Educational Space, The Semantic Element of Artistic and Aesthetic Creativity, Metaphysical Foundations of the Creative Process. A range of papers and presentations were dedicated to various aspects of creativity in connection to modern issues of authority and society, information and transculturalism, legal consciousness and language, among which one should highlight those presented by MGIMO University scholars. Both the prognostic character of the topics in discussion and its format proved urgent and suitable amid the unfavorable epidemiological situation with its unpredicted effects.
Roman Virtues in the Christian Context of St Augustine’s De Civitate Dei
Authors: Buzykina I. N.
Published: September 2020

The topic of this paper is the continuity of major religious, moral and ethical concepts of Roman culture in following periods. These are the virtues of the citizen, namely virtus, fides and pietas — which distinguish the Roman citizen as a brave warrior, honest magistrate and pious pater familias. The central one was the duty to the City. Some traces of this tradition can be observed in the most influental sources of the Christian Patristic period, although the very intention of morals has changed: res publica, a common/communal duty, was replaced by the adoration of God. With the view to a representative research, De Civitate Dei by Saint Augustine, the most famous Christian treatise dealing with the state, civic rights, state religion, authority etc. was analyzed. On the one hand, this great book provides multiple suitable illustrations for almost every feature of the continuity between the Ancient pagan culture and Christian intellectual one. On the other hand, it isn’t just a plain comparison of loci classici in pagan and Christian context, one can find the origins of a completely new approach to the world history, which had had an influence on minds of further generations of Christian theologians in Middle Ages and later periods.
The Theoretical and Methodological Status of the Concept of Religion According to the Essentialist Interpretation of Ethnic Community in Foreign Researches
Authors: Dobrynin D. Kh.
Published: September 2020

The article focuses on the theoretical and methodological status of the concept of religion in the essentialist interpretation of ethnic community by analyzing the material of foreign researches. The key effort is to reveal whether the essentialist views on ethnic communities are compatible with the constructivist paradigm of religion. The essentialist approach to the notion of an ethnic community now develops in the frame of primordialism, which can be divided into two main directions: cultural and socio-biological. Proponents of the former concentrate on a detailed description of cultural differences between ethnic communities, with cultural diversity being accepted only to describe the essence of a particular ethnic community. Sociobiological primordialists deny cultural features’ status at the face of biological evolution. The common theoretical assumption of primordialisms turns out to be the essentialist vision: an ethnic community is endowed with the essence defined by a number of attributes, including religion. The constructivist approach, however, suggests that religion has no referent in reality and its notion is defined conventionally and empirically. Accepting this approach would deprive religion of its essence. Rendering the essence of religion relative, therefore, means blurring the boundaries defining the essence of an ethnic community. This consequence clearly contradicts the essentialist approach to an ethnic community. Thus, embracing an essentialist approach to ethnic community leads to the need to adopt the essentialist interpretation of religion.
Charcot - Marie - Toots disease: description of 2 clinical cases of the disease in members of the same family (father and daughter)
Authors: Fedorova V. S. , Smochilin A. G. , Kulyakhtin A. I. , Yakovlev A. A. , Pushkaryov M. S. , Gavrichenko A. V. , Gavrilova E. A. , Gapeshin R. A.
Published: September 2020

Charcot — Marie — Tooth disease belongs to a genetically heterogeneous group of monogenic diseases with a predominant lesion of the peripheral nervous system associated with predominant degeneration of the myelin sheath and/or axon of the motor and sensory nerves and spinal roots, accompanied by motor disorders and specific pain syndrome. The article presents a description of 2 clinical cases of patients (father and daughter), whose disease was manifested by chronically progressive weakness and atrophy of the distal limb muscles, reflexes reduction, foot and hand deformation, gait changes and sensory disorders. Genetic tests were performed to detect duplication/deletion of the PMP22 gene and the expansion of GAA repeats in the FXN gene, which yielded negative results. Based on complaints, neurological examination, family medical history and data of instrumental research (EMNG), we made a clinical diagnosis of the CMT with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance and a high degree of penetrance. At the department, patients received the infusion therapy (neurometabolic therapy, vitamin therapy), physical therapy courses according to an individual plan, physiotherapy and reflexotherapy with a moderate positive effect in the form of a subjective increase in muscle strength in the lower extremities, increasing walking stability and confidence. The article also highlights the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of different genetic variants of CMT and prospect for pathogenetic treatment of this disease.
Borsa İstanbul'da Yatırımcıların Şirket Yönetimine Katılımını Etkileyen Şirket Düzeyindeki Finansal Faktörler
Authors: LEVENT Cüneyd Ebrar
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul'da şirket düzeyindeki finansal faktörlerin yatırımcıların şirket yönetimine katılmalarına etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın kapsamını 2010-2017 yılları arasında Borsa İstanbul'da Metal Ana Endeksi ve Metal Eşya Makina Endeksinde yer alan 34 şirket oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda iki ekonometrik model kurulmuş, yöntem olarak panel veri analizi yöntemi seçilmiştir. Panel veri analizi bulguları, halka açıklık oranının artmasının yatırımcıların genel kurula katılımını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde negatif etkilediğini göstermektedir. Araştırmada piyasa değerinin ve genel kurullarda uzaktan katılıma izin veren elektronik genel kurul sisteminin varlığının, hem genel katılımı hem de hakim hissedarlar dışındaki yatırımcıların yönetime katılmalarını pozitif yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Aktif kârlılık oranının da yatırımcı katılımına etkisinin bulunduğu, ancak bu etkinin negatif olduğu saptanmıştır. Borç oranı ile yatırımcıların yönetime katılmaları arasında ise istatistiksel bir kanıta ulaşılamamıştır. Benzer şekilde şirketin hisselerinde imtiyazlı payların bulunmasının da yatırımcıların yönetime katılımını etkilemediği bulunmuştur.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO REPERTÓRIO DE HABILIDADES SOCIAIS DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Gutstein Nazar Thaís Cristina , Zamberlan Tereza José Luiz , Scabeni Verlaine
Published: September 2020

As habilidades sociais no contexto universitário se constituem em características fundamentais para tornar mais dinâmicas as relações interpessoais, favorecendo a tomada de decisões assertivas. Habilidades sociais, entre tantas definições, podem ser consideradas como um conjunto de competências que favorecem o início e a manutenção de relacionamentos sociais (BOLSONI-SILVA et al., 2010; DEL PRETTE; DEL PRETTE, 1999). Os déficits em habilidades sociais podem trazer problemas acadêmicos e interpessoais aos universitários. Deste modo, objetiva-se caracterizar o repertório de habilidades sociais, entendendo ser relevante desenvolver pesquisas que visem detectar as demandas existentes, no sentido de propiciar aos universitários o acesso dos resultados, com intuito de conhecerem suas habilidades sociais, assim como seus possíveis déficits. Nesse sentido, participaram do presente estudo 264 universitários da 2º e 3º séries dos cursos de ciências exatas e sociais aplicadas, utilizando-se do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS). Nos resultados válidos de escores, em habilidades sociais, foram encontradas diferenças entre os cursos e entre gêneros dentro do mesmo curso, demonstrando que um número expressivo de acadêmicos se enquadra nos parâmetros estabelecidos como indicação para Treinamentos em Habilidades Sociais, conforme os dados normativos para os escores fatoriais (DEL PRETTE; DEL PRETTE, 2016).
A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO CURRÍCULO PRESCRITO, REAL E OCULTO DO COLÉGIO MODELO DE ITAMARAJU-BA
Authors: De Souza Cruz Lopes Gabrielle , Santana Rocha Sandra Mara
Published: September 2020

A Educação Ambiental deve estar presente no currículo como recomendam os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de 1997 e da Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental. Neste trabalho buscou-se identificar e explicitar quais as formas como a Educação Ambiental aparece no currículo escolar, considerando as características prescritas, reais e ocultas. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso etnográfico sendo desenvolvida no Colégio Modelo “Luís Eduardo Magalhães”, Itamaraju-BA. Os dados foram coletados por meio de análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 9 professores. Os resultados evidenciam que, explicitamente, a Educação Ambiental está presente nos projetos executados pela escola. No entanto, os professores percebem sua inserção no currículo e que sua prática se dá por meio das leituras e interpretações de textos, no livro didático, nos conteúdos, na produção de textos, tabulação de dados estatísticos e discussões. Com base nos resultados discutem-se os limites e as possibilidades da transversalização do tema meio ambiente no currículo bem como o papel da escola enquanto espaço de formação crítica, necessária ao enfrentamento das questões socioambientais na atualidade.PALAVRAS CHAVES: Educação Ambiental; Currículo; Transversalidade.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Simões Vivianne Augusta Pires
Published: September 2020

Editorial
Turkey's Attitude on Iran's nuclear program And its implications for Turkish-American relations 2002-2019
Authors: Mahmood Alnuaimy Luqmany Omar
Published: September 2020

The research aims to shed light on Turkey's attitude from the developments of the Iranian nuclear program since the Justice and Development Party came to power in Turkey in 2002 until 2019, and the reflection of that attitude on Turkish-American relations, a period that witnessed important developments regarding the Iranian nuclear program and the developments of the American attitude from it, especially when the nuclear agreement was signed in 2015 between Iran and the major countries during the era of president Barack Obama, then the United States soon moved under president Donald Trump to withdraw from this agreement in 2018 for many reasons that will be discussed in detail, and Turkey's attitude from those developments .
The role of the Wali al-Faqih in the process of external political decision-making: An analytical study of the relevant articles of the revised Iranian constitution of 1989
Authors: Abdul-Hussein Jassim Al-Rub Wissam Saleh
Published: September 2020

The Iranian Constitution of 1979 and the amendment of 1989 considered the Supreme Leader of the Iranian Islamic Revolution the most powerful institution in influence and presence in the political system. The guide, directly or indirectly, through the agencies operating under his administration, and here we say that the political vision of the wali al-Faqih governs its authority over all the perceptions of decision-makers in their formulation and implementation of strategic decisions that achieve the goals of the Iranian regime at home and abroad.
Paul Kagame's Role in Building the Rwandan State (2000-2018)
Authors: Jassim Ahmed Majed , Jawad Nawaf Abdulqadir
Published: September 2020

After Kagame came to power, he set two clear goals: first, to unite the Rwandan people, and to eradicate poverty in the country. The government's various plans succeeded in reconciling members of society, the refugees returned home, and local courts were organized to restore rights and remove grievances. With the advances in social issues, the government directed its energy to the development and development of the economy, through the transformation of the "Vision 2020" economic, which included 44 goals in different areas. The political leadership in Rwanda has been able to achieve these goals, which were considered a miracle, at different levels (political, economic, social, educational).
Modern models of Buddhism as a social institution in Buryatia, Kalmykia and Tuva
Authors: Tarbastaeva Inna S.
Published: September 2020

In the sociocultural space of Russia, there are three main and independent Buddhist centers: Kalmyk, Buryat and Tuvan. An analysis of geopolitical landmarks, ideological position, and large religious organizations representing this faith in the region shows that three different models of Buddhism as a social institution have developed: globally oriented (Kalmykia), ethnocentric (Buryatia), and regionally oriented (Tuva).
Ultrastrong Regulation Effect of Electric Field on Cyclo[18]carbon: Phenomenon and Essence
Authors: Lu Tian , Chen Qinxue
Published: September 2020

Cyclo[18]carbon has a very unique geometry and electronic structure. Based on quantum chemistry calculations, we found that external electric field (EEF) has an ultrastrong regulation effect on various aspects of the cyclo[18]carbon. The main findings are as follows: (1) The EEF evidently affects geometric structure of the cyclo[18]carbon, and the ring is greatly elongated when EEF exceeds 0.02 a.u. (2) The EEF causes a huge polarization in the charge distribution of the system, and large EEF can even make some in-plane pi electrons nearly detached from the system (3) Presence of EEF significantly reduces HOMO-LUMO gap (4) The EEF not only greatly changes the position and intensity of the original absorption peak of the cyclo[18]carbon in the ultraviolet region, but large EEF also leads to a new absorption band in the visible light range and thus makes the cyclo[18]carbon show color. We made an in-depth explanation and discussion of the above phenomena from the aspects of energy, electronic structure, and atomic force. Furthermore, we demonstrated that it is feasible to equivalently apply strong EEF on the cyclo[18]carbon via a purely chemical and thus a more easily achieve way, namely introducing divalent alkaline earth metal cation. This work is not only of scientific interest in the interplay between the EEF and the cyclo[18]carbon, but may also open a novel path to explore different applications of this unusual molecule.
Bimetallic Cooperativity with a 2-Phosphinoimidazole-Derived Pd(II) Dimer Enables Naphthalene Synthesis via dimeric Pd(III) Catalysis
Authors: Ence Chloe C. , Nazari S. Hadi , Moreno Mariur Rodriguez , Matu Manase F. , Kulka Samantha G. , Martinez Erin E. , Gassaway Kyle J. , Valdivia-Berroeta Gabriel A. , Smith Stacey J. , Ess Daniel , Michaelis David
Published: September 2020

We report the synthesis of bimetallic Pd(I) and Pd(II) complexes scaffolded on bidentate 2-phosphinoimidazole ligands. These complexes display unique catalytic activity and enable the expeditious formation of 1,3-disubstituted naphthalenes via an unprecedented coupling of aryl iodides and methyl ketones in the presence of silver triflate. Excellent substrate scope for naphthalene formation is also demonstrated. Mechanistic studies suggest that the transformation proceeds via Pd-catalyzed arylation of a methyl ketone, followed by cyclization with a second equivalent of ketone. Importantly, this ketone arylation processes occurs under oxidizing conditions, suggesting involvement of higher oxidation state dimeric Pd catalysts. Based on experiments and DFT calculations, we propose a mechanism involving high oxidation state Pd(III) bimetallic catalysis. These new bimetallic complexes possess reactivity that is not seen with monometallic Pd catalysts and we confirm the importance of the palladium catalyst for both arylation and cyclization for naphthalene formation.
A New Method for Synthesis of Thioethers from Phenyl N-Sulfonamide
Authors: Gondi Sudershan Reddy
Published: September 2020

A operationally simple, one-pot for regioselective synthesis of thioether routedirectly from phenyl N-sulfonamide by using inexpensive, easily handled trimethylsilyl iodideas reducing agent, acetonitrile as the solvent is described. Further no catalyst or additive arerequired, which avoids contamination from the transition metal catalysts in the products.
High Performance of Simple Organic Phosphorescence Host-Guest Materials
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Gao Heqi , Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Ding Dan , Tang Ben Zhong , Li Zhen
Published: September 2020

The study of purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has drawn increasing attention because of its considerable theoretical research and practical application value. Currently, organic RTP materials with both high efficiency (ФP > 20%) and a long lifetime (τP > 10 s) in air are still scarce due to the lack of related design guidance. Here, we report a new strategy to increase the phosphorescence performance of organic materials by integrating the RTP host and RTP guest in one doping system to form a triplet exciplex. With these materials, the high-contrast labelling of tumours in living mice and encrypted patterns in thermal printing are both successfully realized for the first time by taking advantage of both the long afterglow time (up to 25 min in aqueous media) and high phosphorescence efficiency (43%).
PENGARUH DOSIS IRRADIASI GAMMA 60COBLAT TERHADAP STABILITAS ANTIOKSIDATIF EKSTRAK METANOLIK BIJI DUWET (Syzygium cumini Linn.)
Authors: Itsnaini Khilda Noor , Rohadi Rohadi , Putra Sugili
Published: September 2020

Ekstrak metanolik biji duwet (Syzygium  cumini Linn.) banyak mengandung senyawa antioksidan seperti jambosine, korilagin, kuersetin, asam galat, asam elagat, 1-galloylglucose, 3-galloylglucose, 3,6-hexahydroxy diphenoylglucose, 4,6hexahydroxy diphenoylglucose dan ß-sitosterol. Proses irradiasi dengan gamma 60 Coblat  dengan dosis (0 kGy-12,5 kGy) mampu meningkatkan senyawa fenolik dan tanin total pada ekstrak daun teh hijau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh iradiasi gamma pada dosis 0 kGy, 2,5 kGy, 5 kGy, 7,5 kGy, 10 kGy, dan 12,5 kGy terhadap stabilitas antioksidatif ekstrak metanolik biji duwet (Syzygium cumini Linn.) Ekstrak metanolik biji duwet dipekatkan dengan Vaccum Evaporatorkemudian dikeringbekukan menggunakan Freeze Dryer kemudian di Irradiasi gamma dengan 60 Coblat pada dosis 0 kGy, 2,5 kGy, 5 kGy, 7,5 kGy, 10 kGy, dan 12,5 kGy dan dilakukan pengujian meliputi: uji kualitatif fenol, flavonoid, tanin, uji flavonoid, uji total fenolik, uji total tanin, uji penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH RSA-DPPH konsentrasi (25-400 ppm), dan uji reduksi ion ferri (FRAP) konsentrasi (25-400

ppm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan (p<0,05) terhadap uji flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, RSA-DPPH, dan FRAP.  Sifat antioksidatif terhadap total fenolik, flavonoid dan total tanin stabil pada dosis irradiasi gamma 7,5 kGy-12,5 kGy dan beragam dosis irradiasi gamma menyebabkan total fenolik tidak stabil, flavonoid mengalami peningkatan, tanin tidak stabil, FRAP menggalami penurunan dan meningkatkan nilai IC 50  ekstrak metanolik biji duwet.
Kandungan Pewarna, Pengawet, Dan Pemanis Pada Carica In Sirup Kemasan Cup Di Kecamatan Mojotengah, Kabupaten Wonosobo
Authors: Kristanti Nency , Larasati Dewi , Fitriana Ika
Published: September 2020

Produk carica in sirup yang tersusun atas komponen buah carica, air, dan gula. Produk  ini  merupakan produk dengan kadar air tinggi sehingga cepat rusak selama penyimpanan. Oleh karena itu, untuk memperpanjang umur simpan serta meningkatkan mutu produk, diperlukan bahan tambahan pangan (BTP). Adanya kecenderungan penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan seperti pewarna, pengawet, dan pemanis oleh para produsen carica resiko  kesehatan  bila  mengkonsumsi produk tersebut. Maka dari itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian survey tentang penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan (BTP) seperti pewarna, pengawet, dan pemanis pada produk carica in sirup di Kecamatan Mojotengah, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan bahan tambahan pangan meliputi pewarna (Tartrazin, Kuning FCF), pengawet (Asam Benzoat, Asam Sorbat), dan pemanis (sakarin) yang digunakan pada manisan carica in sirup di Kecamatan Mojotengah, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019–Februari 2020 di Laboratorium Kimia pada Balai Besar Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, menggunakan bahan baku carica dalam sirup yang diperoleh dari Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan survey dengan metode sampling. Untuk menentukan sampel dengan metode sampling maka seluruh populasi sampel yang jumlahnya kurang dari 100 dijadikan subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil kuisioner menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan perusahaan tentang Bahan Tambahan Pangan 80% sudah tahu. Dan dari hasil survey menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan yang menggunakan pengawet 40% , pewarna 60% dan memenuhi persyaratan.
Pengurangan Kadar HCN pada Umbi Gadung Menggunakan Variasi Abu Gosok dan Air Kapur
Authors: Siqhny Zulhaq Dahri , Sani Elly Yuniarti , Fitriana Ika
Published: September 2020

Salah Satu sumber pangan lokal yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat  adalah Umbi gadung (Discorea hispida dennst.). Komposisi kimia dalam gadung tersusun dari protein 2,1%, lemak 0,2 %, karbohidrat 23,2 % dan air 73,5 % serta kalsium besi 0,6 mg/100g, 20,0 mg/100g dan fosfor 69,0 mg/100g. Masih tingginya kandungan nutrisi umbi gadung berpotensi menjadi sumber karbohidrat. Saat ini, pemanfaatan umbi gadung tekendala dalam hal kandungan asam sianida (HCN) yang dapat mengakibatkan keracunan pada manusia maupun binatang. Sianida akan keluar jika bahan makanan dihancurkan, dikunyah dan mengalami pengirisan atau rusak. Kadar sianida dalam makanan jika melebihi dari (<100 mg/kg) dapat dikategorikan sangat beracun. Sedangkan kandungan sianida alami yang terdapat dalam umbi gadung secara teori berkisar antara 50 - 400 mg/kg. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu proses tertentu dan  penelitian lebih lanjut agar nantinya umbi gadung dapat dimakan dengan aman. Salah satunya dengan penyerapan racun HCN menggunakan abu gosok dan air kapur. Dalam penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil terbaik perlakuan penyerapan kadar HCN pada variable kapur 15 % dengan waktu perendaman selama 24 jam dapat diturunkan sebesar 84.15 %. Hal ini disebabkan karena larutan kapur dapat menurunkan pH (basa kuat) hingga menetralkan kandungan asam pada HCN dan merusak dinding sel sehingga mengalami irisan umbi gadung mengalami plasmolisis (pecahnya membran sel karena kekurangan air). Pada penelitian ini penggunaan bahan penyerap kapur lebih baik daripada bahan penyerap abu gosok, sehingga penggunaan kapur dalam penurunan kadar HCN paling baik. Selain itu, alternatif lain dalam pengolahan umbi gadung adalah dengan menjadikan tepung. Karena secara tidak langsung dapat memperpanjang umur simpan dikarenakan rendahnya kadar air yang terkandung. Manfaat lain penepungan adalah untuk mendiversifikasikan dan meningkatkan daya fleksibilitas tepung umbi gadung sebagai bahan baku olahan, keuntungan lainya jika dilakukan penepungan adalah mudahnya dalam pengemasan, dapat memperluas area pemasaran dan dapat meningkatkan harga dasar umbi gadung menjadi lebih bagus sehingga dapat berdampak positif kepada petani umbi gadung. Selain itu, kelebihan lainya adalah tepung umbi gadung nantinya juga dapat digunakan sebagai subtitusi tepung terigu dan dapat digunakan dalam berbagai bahan baku industri