bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Brief Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale
Authors: Author) Sai-fu Fung(Former Corresponding , Author) Esther Oi-wah Chow(New Corresponding , Cheung Chau-kiu
Published: September 2019

Background

This longitudinal study aimed to develop a nine-item Brief Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (BSAWS) derived from the original 40-item Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS).

Methods

The psychometric properties of the shortened scale were evaluated based on a sample of 157 older adults. The factor structure and dimensionality of the original SAWS were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Subsequent explorative factor analysis of the BSAWS supported the construct validity of the shortened scale.

Results

The internal consistency, criterion validity and construct validity of the shortened scale were also evaluated and the results indicated that the BSAWS possesses good psychometric properties and is comparable with the full version.

Conclusions

This scale refinement may help researchers and practitioners conduct epistemological surveys or clinical research related to wisdom.
Are we doing enough? Exclusive breastfeeding has increased but non-initiation and early cessation of breastfeeding remain a challenge: findings of two consecutive cross-sectional surveys in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Horwood Christiane , Haskins Lyn , Engebretsen Ingunn Marie , Connolly Catherine , Coutsoudis Anna , Spies Lenore
Published: September 2019

Background: KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Initiative for breastfeeding support (KIBS) was a multipronged intervention to support breastfeeding implemented between 2014 and 2017. We present results of two surveys conducted before and after KIBS implementation to assess changes in infant feeding practices in KZN over this time period.Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in primary health care clinics. Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select clinics and participants. Sample size was calculated to provide district estimates of 14-week exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates at baseline (KIBS1), and provincial estimates at endpoint (KIBS2). At KIBS1 the sample required was nine participating clinics in each of 11 districts (99 clinics) with 369 participants per district (N=4059), and at KIBS2 this was 30 clinics in KZN with 30 participants per clinic (N=900). All caregivers aged ≥ 15 years attending the clinic with infants aged 13- <16 weeks were eligible to participate. Data was collected using structured interviews on android devices and analyzed using Stata13. Results: At KIBS1 (May 2014- March 2015), 4172 interviews were conducted with carers, of whom 3659 (87.6%) were mothers. At KIBS2 (January - August 2017), 929 interviews were conducted which included 788 (84.8%) mothers. Among all carers the proportion exclusively breastfeeding was 44.6% and 50.5% (p= 0.1) at KIBS1 and KIBS2 respectively, but greater improvements in EBF were shown among mothers (49.9 vs 59.1: p=0.02). There were reductions in mixed feeding among all infants (23.2% vs 16.3%; p=0.016). Although there was no change in the proportion of carers who reported not breastfeeding (31.9% vs 32.8%; p= 0.2), the duration of breastfeeding among mothers who had stopped breastfeeding was longer at KIBS2 compared to KIBS1 (p=0.0015). Mothers who had returned to work or school were less likely to be breastfeeding (AOR 3.76; 95% CI 3.1-4.6), this was similar among HIV positive mothers (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7-2.6). Conclusion: Despite improvements to exclusive breastfeeding, failure to initiate and sustain breastfeeding is a challenge to achieving optimal breastfeeding practices. Interventions are required to address reasons for these challenges and support breastfeeding particularly among working mothers and HIV positive mothers.
Transcriptome analysis of rice leaves in response to Rhizoctonia solani infection
Authors: Yuan De Peng , Zhang Chong , Wang Si Ting , Liu Yang , Li Shuang , Wang Hai Ning , Wang Yan , Li Shuai , Wei Song Hong , Xuan Yuanhu
Published: September 2019

Background: Sheath blight disease (ShB) is one of the important diseases that severely affects rice production. However, the mechanism of defense against ShB remains unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism of rice defense to ShB, an RNA-sequencing analysis was performed using Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA-inoculated rice leaves. Results: After 48 hours of inoculation, 6,838 genes were differentially expressed in rice leaves (>2 fold, P<0.05). Among them, 3,802 genes were upregulated, while 3,036 were downregulated compared to the control group. In addition, the differentially expressed genes were classified via GO, KEGG, and Mapman analyses. Thirty GO terms, including biological process, molecular function, and cellular component, were significantly enriched, and 30 KEGG pathways included ribosome, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. A Mapman analysis demonstrated that the phytohormone and metabolic pathways were significantly altered. Interestingly, the expression levels of 359 transcription factors, including WRKY, MYB, and NAC family members, as well as 239 transporter genes, including ABC, MFS, and SWEET, were significantly changed upon R. solani AG1-IA inoculation. An additional genetic study showed that OsWRKY53 negatively and OsAKT1 positively regulate rice defense to R. solani, respectively. In addition, interestingly, many differentially expressed genes contain R. solani-responsive cis-elements in their promoter region. Conclusions: Taken together, our analyses provide valuable information for the additional study of rice defense mechanisms to ShB, and the genes identified could be useful in the future to breed resistant rice.
Application of genotyping-by-sequencing data on inferring the phylogeny of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) from China
Authors: Liang Heng , Zhang Yan , Deng Jiabing , Gao Gang , Ding Chunbang , Zhang Li , Yu Xiaofang , Zhou Yonghong , Yang Ruiwu
Published: September 2019

Background: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), as one of the next generation sequences, has been applied to large scale genotyping in plants, which is poor in morphological differentiation and low in genetic divergence among different species. Curcuma is a significantly medicinal and edible genus. Improvement efforts of phylogenetic relationships and disentangling species are still a challenge due to poor morphology and lack in a reference genome. Result: A high-throughput genomic sequence data which was obtained through GBS protocols was used to investigate the relationships among 8 species with 60 total samples of Curcuma. Through the use of the ipyrad software, 437,061 loci and 997,988 filtered SNPs without reliance upon a reference genome were produced. After quality control (QC) of the filtered SNPs, 1,295 high-quality SNPs were used to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among Curcuma species. Based on these data, a supermatrix approach was used to speculate the phylogeny, and the phylogenetic trees and the relationships were inferred . Conclusions: Varying degrees of support can be explained, as well as the diversification events for Chinese Curcuma. The diversification events showed that the third intense uplift of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and formation of the Hengduan Mountains may speed up Curcuma interspecific divergence in China. The PCA suggested the same topology of the phylogenetic tree. The genetic structure analysis revealed that extensive hybridization may exist in Chinese Curcuma. Additionally, the GBS will be a promising approach for the phylogenetic and systematic study in the future.
Proteomics Profile of Cronobacter sakazakii and fliF Mutant: Adherence and Invasion to Mouse Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Esteban-‬Kenel Veronica , Curiel-Quesada Everardo , Quezada Héctor , Contreras Oscar Medina , Luna-Pineda Víctor , Fernández-Rendón ‬Elizabeth , Rosas-Pérez Irma , Arellano-Galindo José , Cisneros Bulmaro , Xicohtencatl-Cortes Juan , Cruz-Córdova Ariadnna
Published: September 2019

Background: Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteraemia, and meningitis in infants. A comparative proteomic study of C . sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 (CS WT) and isogenic mutant of flagella were performed; including the ability of both strains to adhere and invade to N1E-115 cells.
Results: To achieve this goal, a non-motile C. sakazakii ATCC BAA-894 fliF ::Tn5 (CS fliF ::Tn5) strain was generated using an EZ-Tn5Tnp Transposome kit. Analysis of differential protein expression showed that 81.49% (361/443) of the proteins were identified in both strains, 8.35% (37/443) were exclusively expressed in the CS WT strain and 10.16% (45/443) in the CS fliF ::Tn5 strain. The main exclusive proteins from the CS WT strain were classified into the following subcategories: “cell motility” and “signal transduction mechanisms”. In contrast, the exclusive proteins from the CS fliF ::Tn5 strain were classified into the following subcategories: “intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport”, “replication, recombination, and repair”, “nucleotide transport and metabolism”, “carbohydrate transport and metabolism”, “coenzyme transport and metabolism”, and “lipid transport and metabolism”. Expression of the Cpa protein was shared by both strains but was more abundant in the CS WT strain than in the CS fliF ::Tn5 strain. Significant increases (p=0.0001) in adherence to N1E-115 cells were observed for the non-motile CS fliF ::Tn5 strain, with 31.3×10 6 CFU/mL, relative to the CS WT strain, with 14.5×10 6 CFU/mL. Additionally, for infection of N1E-115 cells, the CS WT strain showed a 0.17% invasion frequency, which was significantly increased (p=0.01) compared to that of the non-motile CS fliF ::Tn5 strain.
Conclusion : The proteins involved in motility were mainly identified by proteomic analysis in CS WT strain when compare to CS fliF ::Tn5 strain. Our data showed that flagella are required to promote invasion to N1E-115 cells and absence of flagella significantly increases the adherence to N1E-115 cells when compare to CS WT strain.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic
Authors: Neradova Katerina , Jakubu Vladislav , Pomorska Katarina , Zemlickova Helena
Published: September 2019

Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n=5), ST398-t2330-IV (n=1), ST398-t034-V (n=1), ST225-t003-II (n=1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n=1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.
Gross Motor Developmental Function Outcomes in Infantile and Toddler Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Survivors
Authors: Yang Chun-Feng , Xue Yang , Feng Jun-Yan , Jia Fei-Yong , Zhang Yu , Li Yu-Mei
Published: September 2019

Background In recent years, increasing studies have focused on motor function/dysfunction in PICU survival. However, most studies have focused on adults and older children. This study aims to investigate gross motor developmental function outcomes in infantile and toddler pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors and the factors associated with gross motor developmental functions.Methods Thirty-five eligibles were divided into dysfunctional (n=24) or non-dysfunctional (n=11) group. Baseline gross motor function for all participants before PICU admission was measured via the Age and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3). The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2) was used to evaluate gross motor development function before PICU discharge.Results The gross motor developmental dysfunction incidence was 68.6% in this study. Linear correlation analysis showed that the GMQ was positively correlated with pediatric critical illness score (PCIS, r=0.621, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with length of PICU stay (r=-0.556, P=0.001), days sedated (r=-0.602, P<0.001), days on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV; r=-0.686, P<0.001), and days on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT; r=-0.538, P=0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that IMV days (β=-0.736, P=0.001), sepsis (β=-18.111, P=0.003) and PCIS (β=0.550, P=0.021) were independent risk factors for gross motor developmental dysfunctionConclusions Gross motor developmental dysfunction in infantile and toddler PICU survivors are more common and may be exacerbated by experiences associated with longer IMV days and increasing illness severity combined with sepsis.
Association of uncoordinated sucking pattern with developmental outcome in premature infants: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yi You Gyoung , Oh Byung-Mo , Shin Seung Han , Shin Jin Yong , Kim Ee-Kyung , Shin Hyung-Ik
Published: September 2019

Background Stress signals during sucking activity such as nasal flaring, head turning, and extraneous movements of the body have been attributed to incoordination of sucking, swallowing, and respiration (SSR) in premature infants. However, the association of uncoordinated sucking pattern with developmental outcomes has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether uncoordinated sucking pattern during bottle-feeding in premature infants is associated with the developmental outcomes at 8-12 and 18-24 months of age (corrected for prematurity).Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and video recordings for the Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) of premature infants and divided them into two groups based on the presence or absence of incoordination. The Bayley-III cognition composite scores of the incoordination-positive and incoordination-negative group were compared at 8-12 and 18-24 months of age.Results Seventy premature infants exhibited a disorganized sucking pattern according to the NOMAS. The average Bayley-III cognition composite scores at 8-12 months of age were 92.5±15.6 and 103.0±11.3 for the incoordination-positive (n=22) and incoordination-negative groups (n=48), respectively (p=0.002). The average Bayley-III cognition composite scores at 18-24 months were 90.0±17.9 and 100.7±11.5 for the incoordination-positive (n=21) and incoordination-negative groups (n=46), respectively (p=0.005). A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the presence of uncoordinated sucking pattern, grade 3 or 4 germinal matrix hemorrhage–intraventricular hemorrhage, and moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were independently associated with cognitive development at 18-24 months of age.Conclusions Uncoordinated sucking pattern in premature infants is associated with developmental delay in the cognitive domain of the Bayley-III at both 8-12 and 18-24 months. There may be a need for periodic follow-up and early intervention for developmental delay when incoordination of SSR that results in stress signals on the NOMAS is observed before 40 weeks postmenstrual age.
Premarital sexual practice and its associated factors in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Getaneh Temesgen , Negesse Ayenew , Chane Jemberu
Published: September 2019

Background Globally, large numbers of adolescents engage in premarital sexual practice. Youths who begin early sexual activity are more likely to be exposed for high-risk of having multiple sexual partners, infection with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and other sexual transmitted diseases. There are pocket studies which reported meager and fragmented evidences across different parts of Ethiopia related with this issue, hence the aim of this review was also to estimate those meager evidences and come up with concrete information at the national level.Methods articles were retrived through search engines such as: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, HINARI portal, and Cochrane Library using the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of the included articles. Random effect model analysis technique was considered to estimate the pooled prevalence of premarital sexual practice with their respective odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Cochran’s Q statistic, Egger’s and Begg’s test and meta regression were carried out to assess heterogeneity, publication bias and to identify associated factors respectively.Results Exactly 24 articles with total sample size 14,872 individuals were included for this review. The pooled estimate of premarital sexual practice at the national level was 30.98% (95% CI: 26.74, 35.21). Being female sex (OR=1.55: 95% CI; 1.01, 2.37), age >18yrs (OR=2.39: 95% CI; 1.29, 4.42), being alcohol abuser with (OR=3.47; 95% CI; 1.94, 6.19) and exposed to pornography (OR=3.24:95% CI; 1.95, 5.38) were the associated factors of premarital sexual practice in Ethiopia.Conclusion The pooled prevalence of premarital sexual practice in Ethiopia was high in comparison with other countries. So that it is the strong recommendations of the authors’ to provide an integrated youth’s reproductive and sexual health services on the local context to decrease their exposure for premarital sexual practices and its negative impact on future life opportunities. Keywords: Pooled; Premarital; Sexual; Practice; Prevalence; Ethiopia .
Establishment of a type 1 diabetes structured education programme suitable for Chinese patients: Type 1 Diabetes Education in Lifestyle and Self Adjustment (TELSA)
Authors: Xie Yuting , Liu Fang , Huang Fansu , Lan Chunna , Guo Jia , He Jing , Li Lezhi , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: September 2019

Background It is recommended by various guidelines that all adults diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) should be offered an evidence based, structured education programme (SEP) to optimize self-management care. China has a 13,000 annual increase of newly diagnosed T1D cases and is now the fourth largest country in the number of new T1D cases per year. However, there is yet no validated SEP targeted for T1D patients in China. The purpose of this paper is to establish a structured T1D self-management education programme—‘Type 1 Diabetes Education in Lifestyle and Self Adjustment’ (TELSA) which adapted to China’s medical and cultural background.
Methods The process of developing the programme TELSA was based on the ADDIE model by three steps. Firstly, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 10 healthcare professionals (HCPs) and 13 T1D patients. Different topic guides, focusing on 4 dimensions including goals, contents, format of delivery, and quality assurance, were designed for either HCPs or patients. The interviews were recorded and analysed with thematic analysis. Secondly, extracted themes were modified according to Delphi consultation. Lastly, preliminary courses were conducted as pilot study to evaluate the effects of TELSA and optimization of the curriculum design was finalized accordingly.
Results A total of 18 themes in 4 dimensions of the programme design were identified in the final version: i) goals: ‘behaviour modification’ and ‘outcome improvement’; ii) contents: ‘living with T1D’, ‘self-monitoring of blood glucose’, ‘knowing insulin’, ‘insulin dose adjustment’, ‘carbohydrates and carb-counting’, ‘hypoglycaemia’, ‘complications’, ‘managing psychological issues’, ‘physical activities’, and ‘question-and-answer’; iii) format: ‘multidisciplinary team combined with companion support’, ‘face-to-face education followed with distal learning’, and ‘2-day programme held on weekends’; and iv) quality assurance: ‘after-class quiz’, ‘patients’ feedbacks’, and ‘long-term evaluation on effectiveness’.
Conclusions A type 1 diabetes structured education programme in China was set up and shown to be applicable under local medical, social, and cultural environment.
Depression and neuroticism in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tóth-Vajna Gergely , Tóth-Vajna Zsombor , Balog Piroska , Thege Barna Konkolÿ
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of depressive symptomatology and personality traits with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: The sample comprised of 300 individuals (Mage=65.3±8.7 years, 61.0% female) recruited from the offices of 33 general practitioners. Based on at-rest ankle-brachial index (ABI) values and claudication symptoms, four subsamples were formed: clear PAD-positive, clear PAD-negative, ABI-negative but symptomatic, and a non-compressible-artery group. The concurrent role of depression (assessed by a shortened version of the Beck Depression Inventory), and five-factor personality traits (measured with the Big Five Inventory) in predicting PAD status was examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis – controlled for sex, age, hypertonia, diabetes, smoking, hazardous drinking, and body mass index. Results: Depressive symptomatology was significant in predicting peripheral arterial disease status even after controlling for both traditional risk factors and personality traits. Among the Big Five personality traits, neuroticism showed the most consistent relationship with PAD – independently of depression. Conclusions: Patients with PAD – even those with asymptomatic forms of the disease – are at higher risk for suffering from depression compared to individuals without PAD, independently of neuroticism, other Big Five personality dimensions or traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Occupational hazards in medium and large scale industrial sectors in Sri Lanka – Experience of a developing country
Authors: Arnold S.M. , Wickrematilake MSK , Fernando RMSD , Sampath HMRC , Karunapema RPP , Mahesh PKB , Munasinghe PM , Denawaka CJ
Published: September 2019

Objective Occupational hazards is an area where many countries have begun to pay more emphasis as it affects the health of many particularly in developing countries. However, documented literature is scarce in this regard although occupational hazards are common in workplaces. The study was carried out with the objective of describing the physical hazards and control measures adopted in the formal medium and large-scale industrial sector in Sri Lanka . Results Physical hazards detected in the workplaces were; excessive noise (78.3%), poor light (58%), increased temperature (65.2%), and poor ventilation (68.1%). Over 50% of large machinery and 33% of medium-scale machinery were not adequately guarded. Nearly 41% of the machinery were difficult to operate, of them 36.2% had controls in positions which were hard to reach. Of safety measures adopted, only 34.8% had proper demarcation of areas with 28.9% displaying safety signs. Housekeeping was poor in 59.4% and less than 40% had safe storage of raw materials and end products. Key words Occupational hazards, Occupational health, Hazard control, Industry
Long-lasting severe immune dysfunction in Ebola virus disease survivors
Authors: Wiedemann Aurélie , Foucat M.Sc. Emile , Hocini Hakim , Lefebvre M.Sc. Cécile , Keita Alpha Kabinet , Ayouba Ahidjo , Mély M.Sc. Stéphane , Fernandez M.Sc. José-Carlos , Tou Abdoulaye , Lévy-Marchal Claire , Raoul Hervé , Delaporte Eric , Koivogui Lamine , Lacabaratz Christine , Lévy Yves
Published: September 2019

Clinical follow-up of Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors revealed a persistence of clinical symptoms and higher risk of mortality. Long-term analyses of the immune and inflammatory profiles of EVD survivors are currently lacking. Here, we evaluate immune profile status and gene expression profiles in 35 Guinean EVD survivors (EBOV_S) from the last West African outbreak, a median of 23 months (IQR [18-25]) after discharge from the Ebola treatment center. We show a persistent increase of several biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation and gut tissue damage in EBOV_S compared to healthy donors living in the same area. These results are confirmed by phenotypic characterization of immune cell subsets revealing increases in activation marker expression and the frequencies of CD8+ T cells, exhausted B cells, non-classical NK cells and circulating dendritic cells. All survivors have EBOV-specific IgG antibodies and robust and polyfunctional EBOV-specific memory T-cell responses. Deep sequencing studies of the genes expressed in blood revealed a significant enrichment in genes associated with antiviral responses in EBOV_S. This study assess the long-term persistence of immunological dysfunction in survivors and identify a set of biological and genetic markers that could be used to define a signature of “chronic Ebola virus disease (CEVD)”.
The assessment of corporate social responsibility at Ukrainian banks
Authors: Shcherbak Valeriia , Nifatova Оlena , Kuzheliev Mykhailo , Erkes Olena , Mylashko Olha
Published: September 2019

Corporate social responsibility issues are becoming increasingly important in the banking sector. It refers to the responsibility of banks for their business activities subject to conceivable implications for society and the environment. Currently, the modern banking system in Ukraine is in the process of shaping its own model and integrating corporate social responsibility into all business processes. Thus, it is argued that objective comprehensive assessment of corporate social responsibility of Ukrainian banks is an essential prerequisite to enhance their performance, along with building a good rapport with clients and encouraging trust in society. From the above perspective, this article suggests an approach to assess corporate social responsibility at banks which entails implementing consistent stages in evaluating the development degree of the three corporate social responsibility components: social, environmental and economic. The assessment framework substantiates a set of indicators for measuring the degree of corporate social responsibility at banks by estimating the ratio of the GRI related aspects in the financial statements of banks, and identifying the possibility to implement the main provisions of the Social Accountability International 8,000 standard and the GRI G4 (Global Reporting Initiative). The proposed approach to measuring corporate social responsibility in banking through the instruments of a three-dimensional matrix and to positioning the banks by the areas of their corporate social responsibility has been tested by processing an array of 82 non-financial reports of 31 banks over the 2016–2018 period.
Antecedents to consumer buying behavior: the case of consumers in a developing country
Authors: E. Mang’unyi Eric , K. Govender Krishna
Published: September 2019

While consumers play a very crucial role in the marketing strategies of companies, effective development of strategies must satisfy their needs and wants. Therefore, an evaluation and understanding of the underlying factors and/or dimensions influencing consumer buying behavior are critical for supermarkets to both retain and acquire new customers. The article reports on factors impacting the consumer buying behavior and the relationship among the factors. The study uses data from a cross-sectional survey conducted within a random sample of 699 customers at 17 supermarkets in Nairobi, Kenya. Reliability and factorial validity of the self-administered questionnaire were evaluated and considered satisfactory, while structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test several hypotheses. Social characteristics were a good predictor of the consumers’ inclination to patronize a supermarket, thus directly influencing the buying behavior. A strong positive connection between psychological factors and buying behavior was ascertained based on income, which suggests that although psychological characteristics impact consumer attitudes towards the supermarket, income and education levels may well play a determining role in this regard. Retail marketers in general and in Kenya in particular are encouraged to be cognizant of the above when developing strategic marketing programs to increase the level of patronage. As a research paper, the study is limited to the data and prior empirical research. It offers the benefit of new research directions for marketing managers in understanding and satisfying the consumers. The main contribution of the present research, interdisciplinary in nature due to combining elements linked to both marketing and psychology, is its focus on consumer buying behavior towards supermarkets in a developing country, thus producing revealing insights.
The Ability of a Single Serum Progesterone Measurement to Predict the Prognosis of First Trimester Pregnancy
Authors: Sakar Mehmet Nafi , Balsak Deniz , Demir Sureyya , Budak Mehmet Sukru , Tahaoglu Ali Emre , Gungor Sinan Emre , Akay Emrullah , Demir Bulent
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE: There are cases where ultrasonographic evaluation is inadequate in determining first-trimester healthy pregnancy. In these cases, both the patient and the clinician are involved in a worrying expectation. The single serum progesterone measurement was tried to predict pregnancy prognosis in short time period. This study evaluated the predictive value of a single serum progesterone measurement in first-trimester pregnancy loss.STUDY DESIGN: A prospective case-control study was conducted between July 2013 and July 2014 in Tertiary Hospital. The study compared 106 patients with threatened abortion (vaginal bleeding or spotting) before 13 weeks of gestation with 110 healthy control pregnancies. Samples of serum progesterone were obtained on the day each patient was admitted to the hospital. A Beckman-Coulter macro-Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) system was used to measure serum levels of progesterone (Beckman-Coulter, Ireland).RESULTS: Progesterone levels were measured when the patients first visited the hospital and they were followed until the end of the first trimester. Progesterone levels differed significantly (p=0.013) between the two groups. The spontaneous abortion rate was significantly (p=0.044) higher in the case group. Progesterone levels differed significantly (p=0.001) between ongoing pregnancy and spontaneous abortion groups. Using a cut-off level of 10.7 ng/mL, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 92.1%, 44%, 92.6%, and 42.3%, respectively, for viable pregnancies.CONCLUSION: A single measurement of progesterone levels in serum can predict the prognosis of a viable first-trimester pregnancy, while it is less effective for identifying non-viable pregnancies.
Australia's water efficiency labelling and standards scheme: summary of an environmental and economic evaluation
Authors: Fane S. , Grossman C. , Schlunke A.
Published: September 2019

This paper describes the outcomes of an evaluation of Australia's Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) scheme. WELS is a national, government-run scheme that mandates water efficiency labelling for indoor water-using fixtures and appliances. The scheme also imposes a minimum standard for some products. The evaluation considered the environmental and economic impacts of improvements in the water efficiency of WELS-labelled products since the scheme's inception in 2006 and forecast for 20 years. The study estimated water, energy, greenhouse gas (GHG) and utility bill savings as well as the costs associated with the scheme. The evaluation showed WELS to be an important component of urban water management in Australia, saving 112 GL in 2017–18, across the country, and 231 GL/year by 2036–37. The largest economic benefits of WELS came from the energy saving from reduced water heating. Over 30 years, these energy savings are also expected to reduce GHG emissions by a cumulative 53.5 Mt. On average, Australians saved $A42 (US$30) per person per year in 2017–18 due to the water efficiency driven by WELS. Overall, the evaluation shows the WELS scheme to be highly beneficial for Australia with significant net benefits to the present and projected into the future.
Study of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in Bone Homeostasis
Authors: Kong Lingbo , Yang Xiaobin
Published: September 2019

Although studies have established the role of integrins in bone homeostasis, especially in
osteoclastogenesis, and these molecules are novel and promising therapeutic drug targets for bone loss
diseases, such as: osteolysis, the cellular mechanism still elusive. Bone homeostasis takes place
through the interaction of bone cells (osteoblasts and osteoclast) via the activation of intercellular adhesion
molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is a critical submolecule of integrin. In the present study, we reviewed
several novel studies on integrins and their submolecule, ICAM-1, in bone homeostasis. In order
to demonstrated that ICAM-1 might exert dual effects on osteoclastogenesis by directly affecting
the adhesive ability of mature osteoclasts and indirectly participating in RANKL/RANK induced osteoclastic
precursors differentiation. Although these results still need to be verified in the future, the
extending study about the role of ICAM-1 in osteoclastogenesis will cerntainly provide a promising
therapeutic target for the treatment of bone loss diseases.
New Insights into Apolipoprotein A5 and the Modulation of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Adipogenesis
Authors: Su Xin , Weng Shuwei , Peng Daoquan
Published: September 2019

Background:

The hallmark of obesity is the excessive accumulation of
triglyceride (TG) in adipose tissue. Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) has been shown to
influence the prevalence and pathogenesis of obesity. However, the underlying
mechanisms remain to be clarified.

Methods:

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were treated with
600 ng/ml human recombinant ApoA5 protein. The effect of ApoA5 on intracellular TG
content and adipogenic related factors expression were determined. Furthermore, the
effect of ApoA5 on CIDE-C expression was also observed.

Results:

During the process of adipogenesis, ApoA5 treatment reduced the intracellular
accumulation of lipid droplets and the TG levels; meanwhile, ApoA5 down-regulated the
expression levels of adipogenic related factors, including CCAAT enhancer-binding
proteins α/β (C/EBPα/β), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4
(FABP4). Furthermore, the suppression of adipogenesis by ApoA5 was mediated
through the inhibition of CIDE-C expression, an important factor which promotes the
process of adipogenesis. However, over-expressing intracellular CIDE-C could lead to
the loss-of-function of ApoA5 in inhibiting AMSCs adipogenesis.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, ApoA5 inhibits the adipogenic process of AMSCs through,
at least partly, down-regulating CIDE-C expression. The present study provides novel
mechanisms whereby ApoA5 prevents obesity via AMSCs in humans.
Genotypic Methods for HIV Drug Resistance Monitoring: The Opportunities and Challenges Faced by China
Authors: Zuo Lulu , Peng Ke , Hu Yihong , Xu Qinggang
Published: September 2019

AIDS is a globalized infectious disease. In 2014, UNAIDS launched a global project of
“90-90-90” to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. The second and third 90 require 90% of HIV-1 infected
individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and durable virological suppression. However,
wide use of ART will greatly increase the emergence and spreading of HIV drug resistance and
current HIV drug resistance test (DRT) assays in China are seriously lagging behind, hindering to
achieve virological suppression. Therefore, recommending an appropriate HIV DRT method is critical
for HIV routine surveillance and prevention in China. In this review, we summarized the current
existing HIV drug resistance genotypic testing methods around the world and discussed the advantages
and disadvantages of these methods.
Integrase Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Among Women Living with HIV: Data from the OPERA Cohort
Authors: Fusco Jennifer , Henegar Cassidy , Quinlivan Evelyn Byrd , Vannappagari Vani , Aboud Michael , Smith Kimberly , Fusco Gregory
Published: September 2019

Background:

Women face unique complexities in HIV treatment yet are underrepresented in antiretroviral therapy (ART) studies.

Objective:

This analysis assessed the one-year durability of the first integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens prescribed to women in a large cohort of patients living with HIV in care.

Methods:

Women with HIV who initiated their first INSTI-containing regimen between 08/12/2013 and 11/30/2015 were identified in the OPERA cohort, a collaboration of 79 US outpatient clinics. Discontinuation within the first year of treatment with an INSTI was compared between dolutegravir (DTG), raltegravir (RAL) and elvitegravir (EVG), using multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan- Meier estimates. Virologic response and regimen modifications were described and compared across INSTIs.

Results:

A total of 537 treatment-naïve (DTG: 39%, EVG: 48%, RAL: 13%) and 878 treatmentexperienced (DTG: 57%, EVG: 29%, RAL: 13%) women were analyzed. In the first twelve months after initiation, women taking EVG or RAL were more likely to discontinue their initial INSTI than those taking DTG among both treatment-naïve (adjusted hazard ratio EVG vs. DTG: 1.59 (95% CI: 1.09, 2.39); RAL vs. DTG: 2.46 (1.49, 4.05)) and treatment-experienced women (EVG vs. DTG: 1.39 (1.02, 1.88); RAL vs. DTG: 2.17 (1.51, 3.12)). Following discontinuation of the initial INSTI, women commonly switched to a regimen containing a different drug from the INSTI class (treatment-naïve DTG: 34%, RAL: 33% EVG: 41%; treatment-experienced DTG: 23%, RAL: 19% EVG: 41%).

Conclusion:

In treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced women living with HIV, women taking DTG had the lowest risk for early (≤1 year) discontinuation.
To evaluate the effect of Arka Pratisaraneeya Kshara in the management of Kadara w.s.r. to Corn
Authors: M Sudha H , Rao Shrinivas Masalekar , Siddapur Chandrashekar
Published: September 2019

Kadara is a Kshudraroga which is characterized by hard thickened type swelling, largely confined to the Pada but also seen in Hastha. The disease Kadara is not a life threatening condition, but makes the life of the sufferer miserable. Aetiological factors include injury due to the thorn prick, stone, cut, friction, pressure or wearing ill-fitting and tight shoes. The disease Kadara described in Ayurveda and Corn in western medical textbooks have absolute similarity in their manifestation. The management of corn is done by application of salicylic acid, corn caps, and invasive procedures like cryotherapy, laser, chemical cauterization, electric cauterization and surgical excision. But the results by these procedures are not satisfactory and there are more chance of recurrence. Kshara is indicated in management of Kadara. Kshara Karma is unique procedure used since ancient time which best among Shastra and Anushastra due to its comprehensive multi-faceted effects. Hence the present study was undertaken for evaluation of efficacy of Arkapratisaraneeya Kshara obtained was compared with the results of Agnikarma using Panchalohashalaka which is a standard and established study.
A double arm clinical study to access the role of Basti and Virechana Karma along with Vanari Yoga in Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Venkaraddiyavar Shrinivasraddi G. , S. Prashanth A. , Chavan S. G.
Published: September 2019

Satisfaction is a pleasant or positive emotion. It can also be a feeling. If a Satisfaction during intercourse and fertility agents are intact then the whole intension will be lost. Ayurvedic medicine plays important role in the patients who are in deep depression due to dissatisfaction and infertility in the field of Andrology. Gati is the core characteristic concerned with any disorder of Vata. If Shukra Dhatu gets vitiated by Vata Dosha causes Shukragata Vata. Here 40 subjects diagnosed with Shukragata Vata w.s.r to Premature Ejaculation fulfilling the Inclusion criteria were selected for study and randomly categorized into two groups as Group A and Group B each consisting of 20 subjects. Group A received Amapachana with Hareetakyadi Churna, Tritiya Baladi Yapana Basti was administered in Yoga Basti schedule, later Vanari Yoga granules given as a Shamanoushadi. Group B received Amapachana with Hareetakyadi Churna, Sadhyosnehapana with Shalmali Ghrita. Sarvanga Abhyanga with Murchitatila Taila followed by Sarvanga Swedana and Sneha Virechana was administered with Eranda Taila. After Samsarjana Krama, Vanari Yoga granules was given as a Shamanoushadi. So the objective of the study is to establish such a treatment modality which can be helpful in treating the Shukragata Vata.
An experimental study to evaluate the concept of Trividha Atisevana Varjya Dravya w.s.r. to Lavana
Authors: Nimbal Shilpa , Baragi Umapati C. , Hadimur Kashinath , Jyostna Jyothi Alias
Published: September 2019

Background: Lavana is used as medicine as well as Ahara since ancient times. In Caraka Samhita it has been mentioned that three Dravyas viz. Pippali, Kshara (alkali) and Lavana (salt) can be used as emergency medicine, but they should not be consumed in excess (Ati Upayunjita). Hence in the present study Lavana has been evaluated in experimental animals in two different phases’ viz. Acute administration at graded doses as part of acute toxicity study and Sub-Acute administration at fixed dose level, as part of toxic Sub-Acute toxicity study, to assess the possible adverse effects. Materials andamp; Methods: Wistar strain albino rats of either sex weighing between 150 - 200g. body weights were used, The experiment was carried out in accordance with the direction of the Institutional animal ethics committee (IAEC) after obtaining its permission (Approval number IAEC – 138/k/2018). Results: Results were drawn based on histopathological reports and biochemical reports of each group of toxicity study. Acute toxicity study has been carried out in albino rats receiving the 2 dose level maximum at up to 10 times higher (855mg/kg) then the therapeutic equivalent dose (427.5mg/kg). In Sub-Chronic toxicity: dose given was five times higher than therapeutic equivalent dose and ten times the equivalent to human therapeutic dose for duration of 30 days. Discussion: Toxicity is not found in Acute study and in Sub-Acute study moderate to high toxicity is found.
A scientific research study on the management of Manyasthamba (Cervical Spondylosis) with Nasya and Nasapana
Authors: S Unnikrishnan V , S Prashanth A , Kulkarni Madhusudan
Published: September 2019

The science of life Ayurveda, not only deals with the prevention of diseases by maintaining health but also with the alleviation of diseases. In this ultra modern era due to change in lifestyles, sedentary works and food habits, people are unable to follow the Dinacharya and Ritucharya as explained in the classics, which may lead to different diseases. Due to improper postural habits, weight bearing and other unwholesome diets and habits there are higher the chances of discomfort and disease pertaining to spinal cord. Manyasthambha is one such condition that disturbs a big population due to today’s alterations in lifestyle. Here an effort is made to study and understand the role of Nasya Karma, Nasaapana and Shamanaushadhi like Vyoshadi Guggulu in the treatment aspect of this disease. Nasya Karma and Nasaapana provided highly significant results in all the symptoms of Manyasthambha. As per the clinical data, ‘Nasaapana is found to be more effective than Nasya Karma’. So it can be concluded that better results can be obtained with Shaddharana Yoga as Amapachana, Nasaapana with Mashabaladi Kwatha followed by Vyoshadi Guggulu as Shamanoushadhi.
Effect of Virechana Karma on Sthaulya w.s.r. to Obesity
Authors: M. Rajan N. , Bhatted Santosh Kumar
Published: September 2019

People’s altered life style, dietary habits makes many metabolic changes in the body and ultimately have made them victim of many diseases. Obesity is one of those diseases. It is not only a disease but also precursor of so many diseases like dyslipidemia, IHD, CAD, Hypertension, Diabetes etc. It is also a social stigma. In Ayurveda, the management of Sthaulya is described through various aspects. According to Charaka, Sthaulya is a Bahudoshaja disease. Hence its management should be planned with Virechana Karma and Shamana drugs. Following the dictum of Charaka for the management of complicated Bahudoshaja Vyadhi like Sthaulya, Virechana Karma is advocated along with effect of Shamana drugs. Keeping in view the above concept, a research work was carried out to assess the actual role of Virechana in the management of disease Sthaulya. In this study total 30 patients were treated with Virechana followed by Sansarjana Karma. At the end of study patients had shown significant effect on weight and B.M.I. parameters.
Development of a web-based application to improve data collection for antimicrobial point prevalence surveys in the public health care system in South Africa; findings and implications (Preprint)
Authors: Schellack Natalie , Kruger Danie , Dlamini Nokuthula N , Meyer Johanna C , Godman Brian , Lennon Marilyn R , Bennie Marion , Kurdi Amanj
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Determining antimicrobial utilization patterns in hospitals can be a challenge given personnel and resource constraints with paper based systems. A web–based application (APP) was developed in South Africa to address this, building on a recent pilot point prevalence survey (PPS) using a paper-based system.

OBJECTIVE

The study aim was to test and refine the develop app as well as to evaluate its ease of use and potential time saving versus paper based methods.

METHODS

The developed app was tested in a large academic public hospital in a PPS in South Africa. During data collection phase, the app was evaluated for functionality on all 35 variables and subsequently refined. After the data collection, the app was evaluated in terms of its time saving potential and ease of use.

RESULTS

181 patient’s files were surveyed across 13 wards in the hospital, with the findings similar to the paper-based study. The median age for males was 45.5 years and the median age for females was 42 years. Overall 80 out of 181 (44%) patients received antibiotics. Whilst 38% (12 out of 31) of patients in the adult surgical ward received antimicrobials, the prevalence was the highest (78%) in the paediatric medical wards. All the data collectors were confident in using the app after training and found the tool not complex at all. In addition, the time taken to plan for the study and to collect data was considerably reduced. Reduced time spending is important for instigating quality improvement programmes in resource limited settings.

CONCLUSIONS

All data collectors would recommend the app for future PPS surveys. Several concerns with data entry were identified, which have now been addressed in both the refined app as well as in future training. The app development has been successful and is now being deployed across South Africa as part of a national PPS.