bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Immediately Detection of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by Feature Engineering on Electroencephalography
Authors: Zhou Lilong , Hu Hang , Ning Xu , Bai Zelin , Xu Jia , Xu Lin , Zhuang Wei , Sun Jian , Zhang Haisheng , Wang Feng , Cui Weiheng , Jin Gui , Nian Yongjian , Li Kui , Duan Aowen , Chen Mingsheng
Published: September 2023

The electroencephalographic (EEG) diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is not usually timely, and the detection is often performed several hours or days after the trauma, leading to a decrease in the accuracy of its detection. In this study, EEG signals are recorded immediately after mTBI by connecting a bipolar single lead to injured animals. And three types of EEG features, namely time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear dynamics, are screened for optimal feature subset in mTBI detection. First, EEG signals of animals are recorded before and after establishing the animal model of mTBI. Second, signal preprocessing, feature extraction, and feature preprocessing are performed to obtain the full‐feature dataset, and 1442 feature subsets are obtained by 15 feature reduction algorithms extracted from combinations of 47 features. Ultimately, the support vector machines and K‐nearest neighbor algorithms are trained and tested respectively, and their performance is comprehensively compared to determine the optimal feature subset for mTBI detection. In the EEG dataset collected in this study, a total of eight feature subsets extracted from combinations of original 47 features and classification models with 100% accuracy are obtained. This study shows the perspective of immediately detecting mTBI based on a bipolar single‐lead EEG.
Ni2+‐Assisted Dealloying Strategy to Prepare Nanoporous Cu–Ni Alloys with Enhanced Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhang Wenzhe , Wang Zhengzheng , Sun Shaodong
Published: September 2023

To address the challenges associated with preparation of nanoporous Cu–Ni (NP‐CuNi) alloys containing high Ni concentrations, a Ni2+‐assisted dealloying strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy involves a three‐stage dealloying process primarily driven by dynamic Ni deposition/dissolution. The Ni concentration in NP‐CuNi is tuned by altering the Ni content of the Cu–Mn precursor alloy and Ni2+ in a H2SO4 solution. The Ni concentration of the nanoporous Cu66.5Ni28.5Mn5 alloy prepared in a H2SO4 + NiSO4 solution is increased by 5.2 times compared to that of the alloy prepared in the H2SO4 solution alone. Moreover, the corrosion resistance test demonstrates a reduction in corrosion current density by 58.3% compared to NP‐Cu.
A Novel Precipitation‐Strengthened Conductive Copper Alloy: Cu–Hf–Si Alloy
Authors: Shi Bingbing , Hong Du , Wang Wenweijiao , Su Longshui , Wang Chen , Xiao Lei , Ma Tianyu , Zhou Jianhui
Published: September 2023

The Cu–1.1 wt% Hf–0.1 wt% Si alloy containing various precipitates is studied as a novel precipitation‐strengthened alloy with high strength and high electrical conductivity. The Cu–Hf–Si alloy prepared by solution, cold rolling, and aging processes exhibits a hardness of 238.92 HV, a tensile strength of 691.01 MPa, a breaking elongation of 15.09%, and an electrical conductivity of 62.34% International Annealed Copper Standard. The optimal peak aging parameter for Cu–Hf–Si alloy is 430 °C for 90 min. The precipitation of Hf and Si atoms from the Cu matrix is helpful to enhance the electrical conductivity. The precipitation of Hf can produce fibrous Guinier Preston zone and γ' precipitate, as well as spherical Cu10Hf7 phases. In addition, the coprecipitation of Si and Hf can also produce Hf3(Cu2Si)2 and HfCuSi phases. The high strength of Cu–Hf–Si alloy is mainly due to the multiprecipitates synergistic strengthening.
Multilevel Heterostructure of MoS2/GDYO for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Mingsheng , Qi Lu , Jie Pengfei , Yang Wenlong , Li Yuliang
Published: September 2023

Layered guest carbon materials could induce interlayer engineering, especially in regulating the interlayer structure and electronic properties of the hosts, leading to high performance in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, crystalline graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) is successfully inserted into MoS2 gallery via electrostatic self‐assembly. Experimental and theoretical data show that GDYO‐embedding induces interlayer engineering of MoS2 causing (i) enlarged MoS2 interlayer distance (supplying additional Li‐ion diffusion channels and storage sites and mitigating volume change), (ii) creating interfacial electric fields (significantly improving Li‐ion transport kinetics), (iii) limiting the electrochemical products of Mo and soluble lithium polysulfide (MoS2 structure regeneration), and (iv) regulation of the interfacial current density distribution during the electrochemical reaction (uniform Li plating). Moreover, through systematic ex situ and in situ investigations, the triple‐mechanism of Li‐ion storage is thoroughly elucidated in the heterostructure, emphasizing the positive effects of GDYO intercalation on the interfacial and interlayer storage as well as the phase conversion processes. Such a MoS2/GDYO anode exhibits high reversible capacity (≈652.6 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1) and superior cyclic stability of 655.1 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. GDYO‐induced interlayer engineering based on host–guest chemistry can provide new ideas for designing effective heterostructures for high‐performance energy storage and conversion systems.
Breaking The Permeance‐Selectivity Tradeoff for Post‐Combustion Carbon Capture: A Bio‐Inspired Strategy to Form Ultrathin Hollow Fiber Membranes
Authors: Hillman Febrian , Wang Kaiyu , Liang Can Zeng , Seng Debbie Hwee Leng , Zhang Sui
Published: September 2023

Thin film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes with ultrathin selective layer are desirable to maximize the gas permeance for practical applications. Herein, a bio‐inspired strategy is proposed to fabricate sub‐100‐nm membranes via a tree‐mimicking polymer network with amphipathic components featuring multifunctionalities. The hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes act as the roots that can strongly cling to the gutter layer, the PDMS crosslinkers function as the xylems to enable fast gas transport, and the hydrophilic ethylene‐oxide moieties (brushes and mobile molecules) resemble tree leaves that selectively attract CO2 molecules. As a result, a ≈27 nm‐thick selective layer can be attached to the hollow fiber‐supported PDMS gutter layer through a simple dip‐coating method without any modification. Furthermore, a CO2 permeance of ≈2700 GPU and a CO2/N2 selectivity of ≈21 that is beyond the permeance‐selectivity upper bound for hollow fiber membranes is achieved. This bio‐inspired concept can potentially open the possibility of scalable hollow fiber membranes production for commercial applications in post‐combustion carbon capture and beyond.
Valence Oscillation of Ru Active Sites for Efficient and Robust Acidic Water Oxidation
Authors: Deng Liming , Hung Sung‐Fu , Lin Zih‐Yi , Zhang Ying , Zhang Chenchen , Hao Yixin , Liu Shuyi , Kuo Chun‐Han , Chen Han‐Yi , Peng Jian , Wang Jiazhao , Peng Shengjie
Published: September 2023

The continuous oxidation and leachability of active sites in Ru‐based catalysts hinder practical application in proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). Herein, robust inter‐doped tungsten–ruthenium oxide heterostructures [(Ru–W)Ox] fabricated by sequential rapid oxidation and metal thermomigration processes are proposed to enhance the activity and stability of acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The introduction of high‐valent W species induces the valence oscillation of the Ru sites during OER, facilitating the cyclic transition of the active metal oxidation states and maintaining the continuous operation of the active sites. The preferential oxidation of W species and electronic gain of Ru sites in the inter‐doped heterostructure significantly stabilize RuOx on WOx substrates beyond the Pourbaix stability limit of bare RuO2. Furthermore, the asymmetric Ru–O–W active units are generated around the heterostructure interface to adsorb the oxygen intermediates synergistically, enhancing the intrinsic OER activity. Consequently, the inter‐doped (Ru–W)Ox heterostructures not only demonstrate an overpotential of 170 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and excellent stability of 300 h in acidic electrolytes but also exhibit the potential for practical applications, as evidenced by the stable operation at 0.5 A cm−2 for 300 h in PEMWE.
Design of Blood Vessel Models using Magnetic‐Responsive Vascular Platforms
Authors: Manjua Ana C. , Cabral Joaquim M.S. , Ferreira Frederico Castelo , Gardeniers Han , Portugal Carla A.M. , Gumuscu Burcu
Published: September 2023

The design of physiologically relevant blood vessel in vitro models has been impaired by the difficulty to reproduce the complex architecture of native blood vessels and the mechanisms mediating key cellular functions within miniaturized perfusable systems. Aiming to simulate blood vessel walls, in this work innovative 2D platforms are designed and patterned with magnetic‐responsive gelatin for enabling in situ co‐culture of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) within confined compartments. The performance of the 2D chips is evaluated based on HUVECs migration, adherence, and angiogenic behavior (proliferation and sprouting), as well as production of Endothelin‐1 (endothelium marker), and compared with the results of 3D single channel models, designed to mimic the morphology of native arteries and veins. The 2D chips obtain better cell adhesion and angiogenic performance, which is attributed to flow profiles and VEGF concentration gradients. Magnetic stimulation is then used as a novel strategy to increase cell sprouting and endothelization ≈1.5 times above the control condition. These bio‐inspired devices advance the exploration of magnetism for a finer convergence to the native vascular conditions in vitro and improved modulation of angiogenesis, showing promising contributions to the development of sophisticated therapeutics for vascular ischemia‐related diseases.
Understanding and Hindering the Electron Leakage in Green InP Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Zhao Fangqing , Liu Pai , Tan Yangzhi , Xiao Xiangtian , Wang Zhaojin , Wang Weigao , Wu Dan , Sun Xiao Wei , Hao Jianhua , Xing Guichuan , Wang Kai
Published: September 2023

Indium phosphide (InP) quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for emerging displays owing to their good luminous performance and environmentally friendly properties. The operation of green InP QLEDs relies on the radiative recombination of electrically generated excitons, as in most QLEDs; however, the electrons injected into green InP QLEDs can easily pass through the quantum‐dot (QD) layer, resulting in a carrier imbalance and low external quantum efficiency (EQE). Herein, the mechanism of electron leakage in green InP QLEDs is revealed. Based on comparative experiments and simulations of the carrier concentration distribution, the path of electron leakage is determined and it is found that the root cause is the large Fermi energy difference between green InP QDs and indium tin oxide (ITO). To solve this problem, an ultrathin LiF layer is applied to modify the work function of the ITO, which simultaneously hinders electron leakage and enhances hole injection. Benefiting from a more balanced carrier injection, the maximum EQE of green InP QLEDs improves from 4.70% to 9.14%. In these findings, a universal mechanism is provided for hindering electron leakage in green InP QLEDs, indicating the feasibility of developing highly efficient green InP QLEDs.
Achromatic and Resolution Enhancement Light Field Deep Neural Network for ZnO Nematic Liquid Crystal Microlens Array
Authors: Li Hui , Li Tian , Chen Si , Wu Yuntao
Published: September 2023

Nematic liquid‐crystal microlens arrays (LC‐MLAs) often exhibit chromatic aberration and low resolution, severely compromising their optical imaging quality. This study proposes an achromatic and resolution enhancement light field (ARELF) deep neural network (DNN) to address these issues. The training set is constructed by incorporating LC‐MLA characteristics’ degradation, retrofitting the vimeo90k dataset. The network's hidden layer is trained to learn about chromatic aberration and low resolution of LC‐MLA while extracting imaging features and fusing the information of complementary features of a light field under varying voltages. The loss function includes both chromatic aberration and overall resolution. The light field images of ZnO LC‐MLA under seven consecutive voltages are used as input to test the proposed DNN model. After experimental verification, the proposed model effectively eliminates chromatic aberration while enhancing the spatial and temporal resolution of LC‐MLA. This novel network can be utilized to optimize the design process of LC‐MLA and significantly improve its imaging performance.
Current progress in robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery at a high‐volume center
Authors: McCarron Frances N. , Vrochides Dionisios , Martinie John B.
Published: September 2023

There has been steady growth in the adoption of robotic HPB procedures world‐wide over the past 20 years, but most of this increase has occurred only recently. Not surprisingly, the vast majority of robotics has been in the United States, with very few, select centers of adoption in Italy, South Korea, and Brazil, to name a few. We began our robotic HPB program in 2008, well before almost all other centers in the world, with the most notable exception of Giullianotti and colleagues. Our program began gradually, with smaller cases carefully selected to optimize the strengths of the original robotic platform and included complex biliary and pancreatic resections. We performed the first reported series of choledochojejunostomy for benign biliary strictures and first series of completion cholecystectomies. We began performing robotic distal pancreatectomies and longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomies, reporting our early experience for each of these procedures. Over time we progressed to robotic pancreaticoduodenectomies. Initially, these were performed with planned conversions until we were able to optimize efficiency. Now we have performed over 200 robotic whipples, reaching a 100% robotic completion rate by 2020. Finally, we have added robotic major hepatectomies, including resections for hilar cholangiocarcinoma to our repertoire. Since the program began, we have performed over 1600 robotic HPB cases. Outcomes from our program have shown superior lymph node harvest, lower DGE rates, shorter hospitalizations, and fewer rehab admissions with similar overall complications to open and laparoscopic procedures, signifying that over time a robotic HPB program is not only feasible but advantageous as well.
Strong Protein Adhesives through Lanthanide‐enhanced Structure Folding and Stack Density
Authors: Chen Jing , Shi Weiwei , Ren Yubin , Zhao Kelu , Liu Yangyi , Jia Bo , Zhao Lai , Li Ming , Liu Yawei , Su Juanjuan , Ma Chao , Wang Fan , Sun Jing , Tian Yang , Li Jingjing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai
Published: September 2023

Generating strong adhesion by engineered proteins has the potential for high technical applications. Current studies of adhesive proteins are primarily limited to marine organisms, e.g., mussel adhesive proteins. Here, we present a modular engineering strategy to generate a type of exotic protein adhesives with super strong adhesion behaviors. In the protein complexes, the lanmodulin (LanM) underwent α‐helical conformational transition induced by lanthanides, thereby enhancing the stacking density and molecular interactions of adhesive protein. The resulting adhesives exhibited outstanding lap‐shear strength of ≈31.7 MPa, surpassing many supramolecular and polymer adhesives. The extreme temperature (−196 to 200 °C) resistance capacity and underwater adhesion performance can significantly broaden their practical application scenarios. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments further demonstrated the persistent adhesion performance for surgical sealing and healing applications.
Enantioselektive Synthese von Arylglycinen durch Pd‐katalysierte Kupplung von Schöllkopf‐Bislactimethern mit Arylchloriden
Authors: Prendes Daniel Sowa , Papp Florian , Sankaran Nagesh , Sivendran Nardana , Beyer Frederike , Merten Christian , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: September 2023

Arylglycine sind wichtige Pharmakophore, die in mehreren umsatzstarken Medikamenten enthalten sind. Diese Verbindungsklasse wurde nun durch eine Pd‐katalysierte Schöllkopf‐ähnliche Aminosäuresynthese aus reichlich vorhandenen Arylchloriden zugänglich gemacht. In Gegenwart des Katalysators Methylnaphthyl(XPhos)‐Palladiumbromid, der Base Lithium‐2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpyrrolididid und des Additivs ZnCl2 wurden von tert‐Leucin abgeleitete Bislactimether bei Raumtemperatur effizient aryliert, wobei Ausbeuten von 95 % und Diastereoselektivitäten von 98 : 2 erreicht wurden. Die Hydrolyse ergab die entsprechenden Arylglycine in hohem Enantiomerenüberschuss.
Facile synthesis of cardanol‐based reactive diluents and application for anti‐shrinkage UV‐curable resins
Authors: Tong Shanyuan , Hu Yun , Jia Puyou , Ma Yufeng , Huang Qin , Hu Lihong , Zhou Yonghong
Published: September 2023

Biomass resources possessed the advantages of being natural, renewable, abundant, inexpensive, and easy to degrade. Therefore, fabricated bio‐based UV‐curable materials have gradually attracted much more attention, which meet the requirements of sustainable development and save petrochemical resources. In this paper, cardanol was modified to synthesize radical reactive diluent and hybrid reactive diluent by a facial method and was used to adjust the viscosity and reduce the volume shrinkage of UV‐curable epoxy acrylic resin. The structure–activity properties and UV‐curing kinetics of the obtained UV‐curable materials were clarified, and the anti‐shrinkage mechanism was also explored. In addition, the obtained cardanol‐based materials were compared with petroleum based diluent methyl methacrylate (MMA) and application for UV‐curable coatings. The volume shrinkage of the cardanol‐based reactive diluents was 3.5% and 2.1%, respectively, which were lower than MMA (4.6%). The CC conversion of the cardanol‐based reactive diluent exhibited the highest value of 79.6%. This work provided a specific theoretical basis for the subsequent design and application of bio‐based UV‐curable resins. It is of certain significance to the alleviation of the shortage of petrochemical resources and the sustainable development of the UV‐curable coating industries.
A synthesis of the risks of marine light pollution across organismal and ecological scales
Authors: Miller Colleen R. , Rice Aaron N.
Published: September 2023

Light pollution is a pervasive global stressor to natural systems. However, due to the proximity of human activities along the coasts and open ocean, light is a pervasive yet commonly overlooked pollutant in many marine habitats.

There is a well‐developed body of literature on the visual physiology, behaviour and ecology of many marine taxa, and a re‐evaluation of these data can help inform risks of light pollution to impact marine organisms and ecosystems. This paper identifies key knowledge gaps in the study of marine light pollution ecology and recommends research and management foci for future study.

Most work on this pollutant has focused on terrestrial ecosystems and taxa, where experts have learned how anthropogenic light influences behaviour, reproduction cycles and population dynamics. However, light pollution bleeds far beyond the shores, affecting many sensitive ecosystems with light available at unnatural times with varied makeup, such as varying intensities or spectra.

This review discusses the current understanding of light dynamics underwater, photoreceptive systems of marine taxa and the documented ecological impacts. This lends a critical basis of understanding for the many gaps in marine light pollution biology. For example, little is known about effects of light on broad groups of marine taxa such as cetaceans, ecosystem‐level effects, or interactive impacts of light and other anthropogenic stressors. Light is a key structuring factor of the marine environment and can therefore elicit immense downstream effects on marine organisms individually, at the population‐ or ecosystem‐level.

Light pollution is an urgent concern for marine ecosystems because marine organisms have tight relationships with their natural light environment. As the world moves deeper into the Anthropocene, assessing and mitigating the risks of this pollutant to key environmental and economic marine systems is critical to maintaining a healthy ocean.
New data on mitogenomes of Thienemanniella Kieffer, 1911 (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Qi Yan , Bu Wen‐Jun , Zheng Chen‐Guang , Lin Xiao‐Long , Jiao Ke‐Long
Published: September 2023

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been widely used as a powerful marker in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of various Dipteran groups. However, only a few mitogenomes from the Thienemanniella genus have been reported till now. Furthermore, there is still indeterminacy in the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Thienemanniella. In this study, mitogenomes of five Thienemanniella species were sequenced and analyzed newly. Combined with the published mitogenome of Thienemanniella nipponica, the obtained results showed that mitogenomes of Thienemanniella were conserved in structure, and all genes were observed to be arranged in the same gene order as the ancestral mitogenome. Nucleotide composition varied significantly among different genes, and the control region displayed the highest A + T content. All protein coding genes are subjected to purification selection, and the fastest evolving gene is ATP8. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses showed the phylogeny of Thienemanniella which was supported in five topologies. Our present study provides valuable insight into the phylogenetic relationships of Thienemanniella species.
Functional diversity of sodium channel variants in common eastern bumblebee, Bombus impatiens
Authors: Chen Longwei , Wang Yuquan , Zhang Kun , Wu Shaoying
Published: September 2023

For the past decade, Colony Collapse Disorder has been reported worldwide. Insecticides containing pyrethroids may be responsible for a decline in bees, which are more sensitive to pyrethroids compared with other insects. Voltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav) are the major target sites of pyrethroids, and the sodium channel diversity is generated through extensive alternative splicing and RNA editing. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the function of variants of the Nav channel, BiNav, from Bombus impatiens. BiNav covers a 46 kb genome region including 30 exons. Sequence analysis of 56 clones showed that the clones can be grouped into 22 splice types with 11 optional exons (exons j, w, p, q, r, b, e, t, l/k, and z). Here, a special alternative exon w is identified, encoding a stretch of 31 amino acid resides in domain I between S3 and S4. RNA editing generates 18 amino acid changes in different positions in individual variants. Among 56 variants examined, only six variants generated sufficient sodium currents for functional characterization in Xenopus oocytes. In the presence of B. impatiens TipE and TEH1, the sodium current amplitude of BiNav1‐1 increased by fourfold, while TipE of other insect species had no effect on the expression. Abundant alternative splicing and RNA editing of BiNav suggests the molecular and functional pharmacology diversity of the Nav channel for bumblebees. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of insecticides that specifically target pests without affecting beneficial insects.
Easy Access to Tertiary Amines from Carbonyl Compounds with Substituted Amine‐Boranes: A Substrate, Catalyst, and Additive‐Free Approach Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Chowdhury Deep , Mukherjee Arup
Published: September 2023

Tertiary amines are ubiquitous and play an essential role in organocatalysis, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals. Amongst various synthetic procedures known for their synthesis, the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds has been found to be a proficient method. Over the past few decades, different synthetic strategies for reductive amination have been developed. Most of them suffer from the use of transition metals and/or harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we present an efficient, operationally simple protocol for the chemoselective transformation of carbonyl compounds to tertiary amines under benign conditions. The strategy encompasses a broad substrate scope under the metal‐free condition at room temperature and does not require any solvent. A detailed mechanistic investigation was performed with the aid of control experiments and computational study to shed light on the reaction pathway.
Direct Synthesis of Aldoximes: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alcohols and Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride
Authors: Manikpuri Deepsagar , Sankar Raman Vijaya , Gunanathan Chidambaram
Published: September 2023

A catalytic method for the direct synthesis of oximes from alcohols and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride salt is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by a ruthenium pincer catalyst, which oxidizes alcohols involving amine‐amide metal‐ligand cooperation, and the in situ formed aldehydes condense with hydroxyl amine to deliver the oximes. Notably, the reaction requires only a catalyst and base; water and liberated hydrogen are the only byproducts, making this protocol attractive and environmentally benign.
The positive and negative effects of working with child sexual abuse for health and social care professionals: A systematic review
Authors: Sheehan Diarmuid , Holland Jessica , Carr Alan
Published: September 2023

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the positive and negative outcomes of working with children who had experienced sexual abuse for health and social care professionals. The following four databases were searched using predetermined terms: PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included peer‐reviewed qualitative, quantitative, multi‐method or mixed method studies written in the English language. Study identification, quality assessment and data extraction were independently completed by two researchers, with a high degree of inter‐rater reliability. Eight studies (six qualitative, one quantitative and one multi‐method) met the inclusion criteria. Reviewed studies were conducted in the United States, Israel, Ireland and South Africa. Both positive and negative outcomes for healthcare professionals working with childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were identified. Additionally, a range of personal and contextual mitigating and risk factors were identified that may affect professionals' vulnerability to negative outcomes from CSA work, which have implications for practice. Due to the limited evidence base, clinical implications are tentative. Future research should adopt longitudinal methodologies and focus on participants from a range of disciplines and work contexts, particularly outside the United States.
Autophagy‐targeted nanoparticles in breast carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Golchin Asal , Maleki Masoumeh , Alemi Forough , Malakoti Faezeh , Yousefi Bahman
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer is a commonly known cancer type and the leading cause of cancer death among females. One of the unresolved problems in cancer treatment is the increased resistance of the tumor to existing treatments, which is a direct result of apoptotic defects. Calculating an alternative to cell death (autophagy) may be the ultimate solution to maximizing cancer cell death. Our aim in this study was to investigate the potential of free nanoparticles (un‐drug‐loaded) in the induction or inhibition of autophagy and consider this effect on the therapy process. When the studies met the inclusion criteria, the full texts of all relevant articles were carefully examined and classified. Of the 25 articles included in the analysis, carried out on MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐231‐TXSA, MDA‐MB‐468, SUM1315, and 4T1 cell lines. Twenty in vitro studies and five in vivo/in vitro studies applied five different autophagy tests: Acridine orange, western blot, Cyto‐ID Autophagy Detection Kit, confocal microscope, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nanoparticles (NPs) in the basic format, including Ag, Au, Y2O3, Se, ZnO, CuO, Al, Fe, vanadium pentoxide, and liposomes, were prepared in the included articles. Three behaviors of NPs related to autophagy were seen: induction, inhibition, and no action. Screened and presented data suggest that most of the involved free NPs (metallic NPs) in this systematic review had reactive oxygen species‐mediated pathways with autophagy induction (36%). Also, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways were mentioned in just four studies (16%). An impressive percentage of studies (31%) did not examine the NP‐related autophagy pathway.
Collateral grading systems in retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions
Authors: Somsen Yvemarie B. O. , de Winter Ruben W. , Giunta Rocco , Schumacher Stefan P. , van Diemen Pepijn A. , Jukema Ruurt A. , Stuijfzand Wijnand J. , Danad Ibrahim , Lissenberg – Witte Birgit I. , Verouden Niels J. , Nap Alexander , Kleijn Sebastiaan A. , Galassi Alfredo R. , Henriques José P. , Knaapen Paul
Published: September 2023

Background

The Japanese Channel (J‐Channel) score was introduced to aid in retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total coronary occlusions (CTOs). The predictive value of the J‐Channel score has not been compared with established collateral grading systems such as the Rentrop classification and Werner grade.

Aims

To investigate the predictive value of the J‐Channel score, Rentrop classification and Werner grade for successful collateral channel (CC) guidewire crossing and technical CTO PCI success.

Methods

A total of 600 prospectively recruited patients underwent CTO PCI. All grading systems were assessed under dual catheter injection. CC guidewire crossing was considered successful if the guidewire reached the distal segment of the CTO vessel through a retrograde approach. Technical CTO PCI success was defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 3 and residual stenosis <30%.

Results

Of 600 patients, 257 (43%) underwent CTO PCI through a retrograde approach. Successful CC guidewire crossing was achieved in 208 (81%) patients. The predictive value of the J‐Channel score for CC guidewire crossing (area under curve 0.743) was comparable with the Rentrop classification (0.699,p = 0.094) and superior to the Werner grade (0.663,p = 0.002). Technical CTO PCI success was reported in 232 (90%) patients. The Rentrop classification exhibited a numerically higher discriminatory ability (0.676) compared to the J‐Channel score (0.664) and Werner grade (0.589).

Conclusions

The J‐channel score might aid in strategic collateral channel selection during retrograde CTO PCI. However, the J‐Channel score, Rentrop classification, and Werner grade have limited value in predicting technical CTO PCI success.
Binuclear and Mononuclear Aluminum Complexes as Quick and Controlled Initiators of Well‐ordered ROP of Cyclic Esters
Authors: Sagar Shweta , Nath Priyanku , Bano Kulsum , Karmakar Himadri , Sharma Jyoti , Sarkar Alok , Panda Tarun K.
Published: September 2023

Described herein is an efficient ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of rac‐lactide and ϵ‐caprolactone (ϵ‐CL) using novel bimetallic and monometallic aluminum complexes supported by functionalized P−N ligands. All the aluminum complexes were seen to be active catalysts in the ROP of both rac‐lactide and ϵ‐CL in toluene at 60 °C. Bimetallic aluminum complex, [Al(Me)2{Ph2P(Se)N(CH2)2N−(CH2CH2)2O}(AlMe3)] containing an uncoordinated Se atom and an auxiliary Al atom within the proximity of another central Al cation was observed to exhibit the highest catalytic activity among all the catalysts studied. Kinetic experiments, comparing bimetallic and related monometallic complexes revealed that bimetallic cooperativity among the two metallic centers in bimetallic complex plays an essential role in driving such superior reactivity. We synthesized several isoselective polylactides (PLAs) and polycaprolactones (PCLs) with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, DSC and TGA.
Sustainable Photo‐ and Electrochemical Transformation of White Phosphorous (P4) into P1 Organo‐Compounds
Authors: Liu Yan , Chen Xiaolan , Yu Bing
Published: September 2023

Elemental white phosphorous (P4) is a crucial feedstock for the entire phosphorus‐derived chemical industry, serving as a common precursor for the ultimate preparation of high‐grade monophosphorus (P1) fine chemicals. However, the corresponding manufacturing processes generally suffer from a deep reliance on hazardous reagents, inputs of immense energy, emissions of toxic pollutants, and the generation of substantial waste, which have negative impacts on the environment. In this context, sustainability and safety concerns provide a consistent impetus for the urgent overall improvement of phosphorus cycles. In this Concept, we present an overview of the most recent growth in photo‐ and electrochemical synthesis of P1 organo‐compounds from P4, with special emphasis on sustainable features. The key aspects of innovations regarding activation mode and mechanism have been comprehensively analyzed. A preliminary look at the possible future direction of development is also provided.
Quantitative Assessment of Crystallinity and Stability in β‐Ketoenamine‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ding Jiehua , Guan Xinyu , Chen Xiaohong , Nan Pihan , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong
Published: September 2023

The design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high chemical stability pose significant challenges for practical applications. Although a growing number of robust COFs have been developed and employed for a broad scope of applications, the assessment of COF stability has primarily relied on qualitative descriptions, lacking a rational and quantitative assessment. Herein, a novel assessment method is presented that enables visual and quantitative depiction of COF stability. By analyzing the PXRD patterns of chemically stable β‐ketoenamine‐based COFs (KEA‐COFs), two crystallinity‐dependent parameters are identified, the relative intensity (I2θrel) and the relative area (A2θrel) of the main peak (2θ), which are expected to establish a standardized criterion for assessing COF crystallinity. Based on these parameters, the crystalline changes after stability tests can be visually presented, which provides a rational and quantitative assessment of their stability. This study not only demonstrates the remarkable chemical stability of KEA‐COFs, but also provides valuable insights into the quantitative evaluation of COFs’ crystallinity and stability.
Multiparametric Flow Cytometry for Determination of Viability, Caspase 3 and 7 Activity, and Lipid Peroxidation Adduct (4‐Hydroxynonenal) in Equine Spermatozoa
Authors: da Silva Carolina Maria Balão , Cano Francisco E. Martín , Gaitskell‐Phillips Gemma , Vega Fernando J. Peña
Published: September 2023

Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for the analysis of cell samples formed of multipopulations, such as spermatozoa. In recent years, multiparametric cytometers have evolved, allowing the study of different cellular characteristics, such as protein expression, DNA analysis, or mitochondrial activity. Whether using traditional fluorescent dyes or fluorophore‐conjugated antibodies, each cell or cellular component is individually stained, the sample is analyzed at high velocities, and then is displayed and interpreted in a dot‐plot. We hereby describe the procedure to perform a multiparametric flow cytometry analysis in equine spermatozoa using three sources of excitation and polychromatic flow cytometry for the detection of 4HNE, a lipid peroxidation adduct (by anti‐4HNE antibody), apoptotic markers (by caspases 3 and 7 activity), and live/dead spermatozoa (by ethidium‐homodimer) excluding the debris with Hoechst 33342 staining and gating. This multiparametric analysis allows the simultaneous detection of different spermatic parameters, providing useful information for the characterization of a seminal sample and fertility estimation. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Determination of viability, caspase 3 and 7 activity, and 4‐hydroxynonenal in equine spermatozoa by flow cytometry
The synergy impact of external environmental pressures and corporate environmental commitment on innovations in green technology
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Li Yingming , Wang Zitong , Shi Yuling , Zhou Junbi
Published: September 2023

The adoption of innovations in green technology by enterprises is a decision‐making process that is subject to both external environmental pressures and internal factors. Using data from 4549 private companies in China, this study empirically analyzes the independent and joint effects of four forms of external environmental pressure and environmental commitment on green‐process innovation and green‐product innovation, respectively. The results show that the adoption of innovations in green technology by companies is affected by stakeholder pressure and does not change according to the type of green technology. The marginal effects of external environmental pressure on enterprises' innovations in green technology differ; this is reflected not only in the types of green technology innovation, but also in the types of pressure. Corporate environmental commitment positively moderates the relationship between external environmental pressure and green‐process innovation and the relationship between government‐led environmental regulation and green‐product innovation. However, the relationships between the other three external environmental pressures and green‐product innovation are not significant. This means that for different types of green technological innovation, there are variations in the extent of the synergy between external environmental pressures and corporate environmental commitment.
Detection of adeno‐associated viral DNA in equine post‐administration frozen blood and plasma samples after long‐term storage
Authors: Maniego Jillian , Pesko Bogumila , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn , Hincks Pamela , Taylor Polly , Stewart Graham , Proudman Christopher , Ryder Edward
Published: September 2023

Gene doping in horses is a threat to the fairness in sport and has serious implications for animal welfare. To investigate the effect of long‐term storage on the detection of AAV in plasma and whole blood, samples from an administration study using an adeno‐associated virus serotype 6 expressing green fluorescence protein (AAV6‐GFP) were stored at −20°C for 8 months before analysis. The AAV vector was detected in stored plasma samples, following the same detection profile as the fresh plasma samples. The stored blood showed lower overall DNA detection but followed the same detection profile as the plasma samples. This study provides confidence that re‐analysing plasma samples and/or analysing a frozen ‘B’ sample with different matrix such as whole blood after prolonged storage will still result in the detection of gene doping material.
Multinational cost‐effectiveness analysis of empagliflozin for heart failure patients with ejection fraction >40%
Authors: Kolovos Spyros , Bellanca Leana , Groyer Harinala , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Solé Alexandra , Gaultney Jennifer , Linden Stephan
Published: September 2023

Aims

Heart failure is a chronic progressive condition, with considerable burden on patients' quality of life and economic burden for the healthcare systems. Before the approval of empagliflozin, there were no proven effective treatments for patients with heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (HF LVEF) > 40%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of empagliflozin + standard of care (SoC) compared with SoC alone for patients with HF LVEF > 40%, from the perspective of the healthcare systems of the United Kingdom (UK), Spain, and France, and to quantify the healthcare costs for these patients.

Methods and results

A lifetime Markov cohort state‐transition model was developed based on discrete health states defined by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire‐Clinical Summary Score quartiles to track disease severity. Model inputs relied primarily on the EMPEROR‐Preserved trial data or obtained from published literature or country‐specific databases, as well as local guidelines for the requirements for the conduct of the economic evaluation of healthcare technologies. The total lifetime cost of receiving SoC per patient was £10 092, €15 765, and €14 958 in the UK, Spain, and France, respectively, which increased by £1407, €1148, and €1485, respectively, with the addition of empagliflozin to the SoC. Empagliflozin + SoC was associated with significantly reduced number of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death compared with SoC alone, which was a key driver offsetting its drug acquisition costs. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained was consistently favourable at £14 851, €11 706, and €15 447 in the UK, Spain, and France, respectively. Scenario analysis using the New York Heart Association functional class showed similar results. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed more than 50% probability for cost‐effectiveness for a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold of £/€20 000/QALY for the three countries.

Conclusions

Empagliflozin was found to be the first targeted treatment option that is clinically effective and cost‐effective for patients with HF LVEF > 40%. Prescribing empagliflozin with SoC to patients with HF LVEF > 40% is expected to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life and substantially below accepted WTP threshold for the healthcare systems in the UK, Spain, and France.
A scoring evaluation for the practical introduction of guideline‐directed medical therapy in heart failure patients
Authors: Matsukawa Ryuichi , Okahara Arihide , Tokutome Masaki , Itonaga Junpei , Koga Eiichi , Hara Ayano , Kisanuki Hiroshi , Sada Masashi , Okabe Kousuke , Kawai Shunsuke , Ogawa Kiyohiro , Matsuura Hirohide , Mukai Yasushi
Published: September 2023

Aims

The guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) has been recommended for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) based on the accumulating clinical evidence. However, it is difficult to implement all the trial‐proven medications for every patient in the real world.

Methods and results

A simple GDMT score was created, according to the combination of GDMT drugs (renin–angiotensin system inhibitors, beta‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitors) administration and their dosage (0–9 points). Its impact on the prognosis of HF patients was investigated. Admitted HF patients [HFrEF and HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), n = 1054] were retrospectively analysed (excluding those with in‐hospital death and dialysis). A simple GDMT score ≥5, but not the number of medications, was significantly associated with a reduction of all‐cause death, HF readmission, and composite outcome (HF readmission and all‐cause death) (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that almost all groups with a simple GDMT score of 5 or higher had a better prognosis.

Conclusions

The developed simple GDMT score was associated with prognosis in HFrEF and HFmrEF patients. Even if all four drugs cannot be introduced for some reason, a regimen with a simple GDMT score ≥5 may lead to a prognosis in HF patients.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Trace Metal Bioavailability in the Sediment Pore water of a Constructed Wetland Using Passive Pore water Samplers
Authors: Elhaj Baddar Zeinah , Xu Xiaoyu , Spencer Breann
Published: September 2023

Sediments in aquatic systems often act as a major sink for contaminants. Diffusive gradient in thin films (DGTs) and in situ equilibrium dialysis samplers (peepers) are two major in situ pore water sampling devices that overcome the problems associated with conventional pore water sampling methods. In the present study, DGTs and peepers were used to study the spatial and seasonal effects (cool months, October–February; warm months, May–September) on metal bioavailability in the H-02 constructed wetland and the sink versus source role of the sediments by calculating the metal resupply capacity. Data showed similar seasonal trends in metal concentrations using passive samplers, peepers, and DGTs. Pooled Cu and Zn concentrations measured using DGTs were lower in warm months (1.67 ± 1.50 and 2.62 ± 0.68 μg L–1, respectively, p < 0.001) versus in cool months (2.12 ± 0.65 and 5.58 ± 1.33 μg L–1, respectively, p < 0.001; mean ± 95% confidence interval). Sulfate (SO42−) concentrations were significantly (p = 0.0139) lower in warm months (averaged at 0.22 ± 0.05 mg L–1) compared to in cool months (0.16 ± 0.05 mg L–1). The increase in SO42− concentration is an indicator of the lower activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria, which need SO42− during anaerobic respiration, in which SO42− is reduced to sulfide (S2–) that forms insoluble salts with Cu and Zn, which could partially explain the higher bioavailability of these metals in the cool season. Metal resupply capacity of the sediments was mostly <0.2 for Cu and Zn. Taken together, the H0-2 wetland sediments mostly acted as a sink to both Cu and Zn over the course of the present study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2726–2736. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Genomic prediction of seasonal forage yield in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Konkolewska Agnieszka , Phang Steffie , Conaghan Patrick , Milbourne Dan , Lawlor Aonghus , Byrne Stephen
Published: September 2023

Background

Genomic selection has the potential to accelerate genetic gain in perennial ryegrass breeding, provided complex traits such as forage yield can be predicted with sufficient accuracy.

Methods

In this study, we compared modelling approaches and feature selection strategies to evaluate the accuracy of genomic prediction models for seasonal forage yield production.

Results

Overall, model selection had limited impact on predictive ability when using the full data set. For a baseline genomic best linear unbiased prediction model, the highest mean predictive accuracy was obtained for spring grazing (0.78), summer grazing (0.62) and second cut silage (0.56). In terms of feature selection strategies, using uncorrelated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had no impact on predictive ability, allowing for a potential decrease of the data set dimensions. With a genome‐wide association study, we found a significant SNP marker for spring grazing, located in the genic region annotated as coding for an enzyme responsible for fucosylation of xyloglucans—major components of the plant cell wall. We also presented an approach to increase interpretability of genomic prediction models with the use of Gene Ontology enrichment analysis.

Conclusions

Approaches for feature selection will be relevant in development of low‐cost genotyping platforms in support of routine and cost‐effective implementation of genomic selection.