bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACUTE LEUKEMIA AND LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN ITALY: QUANTIFERON-TB TEST SCREENING IN A LOW TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE COUNTRY
Authors: Nunzi Andrea , Della Valle Luigi , Lindfors Rossi Elisa Linnea , Ranucci Giorgia , Mallegni Flavia , Moretti Federico , Meddi Elisa , Guarnera Luca , Tiravanti Ilaria , Taka Kristian , Buzzatti Elisa , Esposito Fabiana , Secchi Roberto , Di Giuliano Francesca , Chirico Flavia , Palmieri Raffaele , Maurillo Luca , Buccisano Francesco , Gurnari Carmelo , Paterno Giovangiacinto , Venditti Adriano , Del Principe Maria Ilaria
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives
Identification of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a critical step of tuberculosis surveillance, especially in low incidence countries, and is limited to situations with a higher probability of developing active disease, e.g., patients with hematological malignancies. According to guidelines, in TB non-endemic countries no clear screening program is established at diagnosis for patients with acute leukemia (AL).
The primary endpoint of this study was to establish the LTBI incidence in patients with diagnosis of AL using QuantiFERON (QFT)-TB. Secondarily, TB-specific prophylaxis efficacy and safety, and features driving increased risk of LTBI were evaluated.
Methods
QFT-TB screening was performed before induction, consolidation or during follow-up, in all patients with AL (myeloid and lymphoid), treated at our Institution between October 2019 and August 2023.
Results
We accrued 62 patients, of whom 7 (11,3%) tested positive, without any symptoms or signs of active TB, and 2 (3,2%) resulted as indeterminate. All positive patients started prophylaxis with isoniazid 300 mg/die, while patients whose test was indeterminate did not receive any prophylaxis. Active TB was excluded by imaging, as well as microscopic, cultural, and molecular examination on bronchoalveolar lavage. During the 46-month period of observation, none of the patients developed TB reactivation.
Conclusions
In our country, LTBI is not uncommon as expected. Despite the low sample size, 1 out of 10 of our patients had prior TB exposure. This finding suggests implementing TB screening in the pre-treatment setting, particularly in a time when more numerous active treatments are becoming available also for patients ineligible to intensive chemotherapy.
Transcriptome analysis of beta-catenin-related genes in CD34+ haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from patients with AML
Authors: Altinok Gunes Buket , OZKAN Tulin , Karadag Gurel Aynur , Dalkilic Semih , Belder Nevin , Ozkeserli Zeynep , Ozdag Sevgili Hilal , Beksac Meral , Sayinalp Nilgun , Yagci Abdullah Munci , Sunguroglu Asuman
Published: June 2024

Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia(AML) is a disease of the haematopoietic stem cells. Beta-catenin, a key element of the Wnt signalling, which is particularly active in various cancers. Our aim of this study was to determine beta-catenin gene expression levels in AML patients. Then, it is planned to compare the genes between AML grouped according to beta-catenin gene expression levels by DNA microarray. When the gene group identified in this way is combined with the genes in the control group, the aim is to determine the genes that are associated with beta-catenin in AML.
Methods: In this study, beta-catenin gene expression levels were determined in 19 AML patients and 3 controls by qRT-PCR. Transcriptome analysis was performed on AML grouped according to beta-catenin expression levels. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified and investigated with using DAVID, GO, KEGG and STRING.
Results: The transcriptome profiles of our AML samples showed different molecular signature profiles according on their beta-catenin levels(high-low). A total of 20 genes have been identified as hub genes. Among these, TTK, HJURP, KIF14 and BTF3, RPL17, RSL1D1 were found to be associated with poor survival and suggested to be associated with beta-catenin in AML. Furthermore, for the first time in our study, the ELOV6 gene, which is the most highly up-regulated gene in human AML samples, was correlated with a poor prognosis via beta-catenin high levels.
Conclusion: It is suggested that the identification of beta-catenin-related gene profiles in AML may help to select new therapeutic targets for the treatment of AML.
Association of Succinate and Adenosine Nucleotide Metabolic Pathways with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jung Inha , Nam Seungyoon , Lee Da Young , Park So Young , Yu Ji Hee , Seo Ji A , Lee Dae Ho , Kim Nan Hee
Published: June 2024

Background: Although the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is increasing, reliable biomarkers for its early detection are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association of adenosine and succinate levels and their related pathways, including hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis, with DKD.Methods: We examined 235 participants and categorized them into three groups: healthy controls; those with diabetes but without DKD; and those with DKD, which was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We compared the concentrations of urinary adenosine, succinate, and HA and the serum levels of cluster of differentiation 39 (CD39) and CD73, which are involved in adenosine generation, among the groups with DKD or albuminuria. In addition, we performed multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the independent association of DKD or albuminuria with the metabolites after adjusting for risk factors. We also showed the association of these metabolites with eGFR measured several years before enrollment. This study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (https://cris.nih.go.kr; Registration number: KCT0003573).Results: Urinary succinate and serum CD39 levels were higher in the DKD group than in the control and non-DKD groups. Correlation analysis consistently linked urinary succinate and serum CD39 concentrations with eGFR, albuminuria, and ΔeGFR, which was calculated retrospectively. However, among the various metabolites studied, only urinary succinate was identified as an independent indicator of DKD and albuminuria.Conclusion: Among several potential metabolites, only urinary succinate was independently associated with DKD. These findings hold promise for clinical application in the management of DKD.
Assessment of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI-rs7586970 variant) polymorphism as a risk factor in myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Wissa Nevene R. , Kamel Noha M. , Abdellah Ahmed T. , AbdelHamid Doha A. ElDin
Published: July 2024

Context

The tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, inhibits the extrinsic pathway of pathways, and might significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary artery diseases.

Aim

To assess the TFPI-rs7586970 genetic variant as a risk factor in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).

Settings and design

A descriptive case–control study in the Premises of the Department of Clinical Pathology and Cardiology in Suez Canal University Hospitals included 156 individuals; 78 MI patients and 78 individuals as a control group.

Methods and material

An interview questionnaire, clinical and laboratory assessment, and molecular genotyping of the TFPI-rs7586970 genetic variant were done using real-time PCR Eva-Green-based high-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis. Informed consent was taken from all the participants and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University.

Statistical analysis used

For statistical analysis, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared-test (χ2), one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), Kruskal-Wallis test, and binary logistic regression model were used.

Results

The MI group recorded 26 allele copies of the TFPI-rs7586970 genetic variant whereas the control group recorded six copies. The binary logistic regression model for MI occurrence showed that the TFPI-rs7586970 genetic variant polymorphism is a significant predictor for the development of MI.

Conclusions

TFPI-rs7586970 genetic variant polymorphism is a significant risk factor for the development of MI.
The effectiveness of ambition development program among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ebeid Fatma S. E. , El-Din Laila A. K. , El-Gamal Hanan A.-A. , Sabra Nadia M. H. , AboZayed Amany , Makkeyah Sara M. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Ambition, the strong desire to achieve our goals, develop as children grow and interact.

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of institutional created ‘Ambition Level Development Program’ (ALDP) in a sample of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methodology

Ten children with ALL were enrolled and divided into an experimental group who received the ALDP training and a control group. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and nonverbal intelligence score were evaluated, as well as assessment of their level of ambition before and after receiving ALDP training.

Results

At the baseline assessment, both the experimental and control groups showed comparable scores of different items of the level of ambition scale (P = 0.8, 0.5, 0.9, 0.8 for the four items: optimism, the ability to set goals, accept all that is new, and endure failure, respectively), as well as for the total level of ambition score (P = 0.8). Among the experimental group, there was a significant improvement in the level of ambition scores after implementing ALDP training (P = 0.04 in each of the ability to set goals, accept all that is new, and endure failure). This improvement was not affected by gender. The increase in the level of ambition score was sustained after a post/follow-up period (P>0.5).

Conclusion

There is a positive effect of implementing the newly designed ALDP on the ambition levels in children with ALL.
The Process of Professional Ethics Development in Midwifery Students: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Kabirian Maryam , Gooshki Ehsan S. , Khadivzadeh Talat
Published: July 2024

Background:

Midwives are faced with important ethical issues in their professional lives; therefore, becoming a midwife is not only the acquisition of knowledge and skills but also includes acquiring moral values that cause fundamental changes in their attitudes toward their professional responsibilities. The aim of this study was to explore the process of professional ethics development in midwifery students.

Materials and Methods:

This grounded theory study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. The participants included 17 midwifery students and 14 key informants. They were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews, field notes, and theoretical notes until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data collection and data analysis were performed simultaneously. Data were analyzed based on the grounded theory presented by Corbin and Strauss (2014) using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020.

Results:

The core category was “interactive-cognitive learning in a two-way reasoning path” which addressed the participants’ main issue of moral numbness. Moral distress, interactive-cognitive learning, moral reasoning, and moral hopelessness were the midwifery students’ strategies that led to a spectrum of moral internalization to moral burnout. The improper context of moral development was the context theme of this study.

Conclusions:

The theory of “interactive-cognitive learning in the two-way path of reasoning” creates a deep understanding of the process of formation of professional ethics in midwifery students and it can be used in the effective training of students with the aim of promoting professional ethics in midwifery.
Effects of Reflexology on Anorexia and Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Akbari Mehran , Golitaleb Mohamad , Farahani Mahtab , Nikbakht Dorrin , Shahrodi Mohadese , Davodabady Fahimeh , Amini Nazanin , Harorani Mehdi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Cancer and associated treatment methods present numerous complications, including anorexia and disturbances in sleep patterns. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of reflexology on the symptoms of anorexia and sleep quality among individuals afflicted with cancer.

Materials and Methods:

In this double-blinded randomized clinical trial, a total of 60 patients undergoing chemotherapy at Khansari Hospital, Arak, Iran, were selected using convenience sampling and then assigned to two groups of control and experimental using blocked randomization (30 patients in each group). The sample intervention group received reflexology in an exceedingly 4-week amount (two sessions a week), By contrast, the control group was administered a placebo treatment without exerting any pressure on the reflex points during the same time frame. Sleep quality and anorexia in patients were measured using a Pittsburgh questionnaire and visual analog scale before and right after the intervention. Eventually, the data were analyzed, and we used the tests of central tendency, dispersion, independent- and paired-samples t-tests, and Chi-square.

Results:

The findings of the study revealed a significant improvement in sleep quality and reduction in anorexia symptoms among patients who received reflexology treatment scores (p < 0.001). Conversely, there was no significant difference in the control group before and after the intervention (without pressure effect on the foot points) (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

According to the positive effects on sleep quality and the reduction of anorexia symptoms, it is recommended to incorporate this therapeutic modality along with conventional medication for the treatment of individuals with cancer.
Neonatal Transport Program Overview
Authors: Elfarargy Mohamed Shawky , Alruwaili Thamer Alshami , Elbadry Dalia Hamdy , Ahmad Ahmad Roshdy
Published: July 2024

Neonatal transport program (NTP) is a specialized service for neonatal transport for those who require transfer between hospitals for intensive care. NTP is indicated in any transportation of neonates from place to place, but it is specially indicated in unstable or high-risk neonates. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance of NTP, indication, and contraindication of NTP. In addition, we demonstrate the items of the transport system, methods for the preparation for transportation, as well as all the items of the transportation pathway. We also discuss the predeparture checklist, in addition to the illustration of the NTP telephone referral template. This review will demonstrate the predeparture checklist. Our main goal is to show the importance of NTP in providing the best place for the treatment of needed neonates with safe and adequate scientific transportation from the referring hospital to the receiving hospital.
Efficacy of 10% Dextrose versus Expressed Breast Milk in Relieving Procedural Pain in Neonates – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shanthi Yuvasri , Thandapani Kanimozhi , Krishnakumar Revathi , Thirunavukkarasu Bharath Kumar
Published: July 2024

Aim:

This study aims to compare the efficacy of 10% dextrose (10%D) and expressed breast milk (EBM) in relieving heel prick pain in neonates assessed by premature infant pain profile-revised (PIPP-R).

Settings and Design:

This study was done in the neonatal intensive care unit under the department of pediatrics, hospital-based prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Subjects and Methods:

The study includes neonates born between ≥34 weeks and ≤42 weeks of gestational age. The 72 enrolled neonates were randomized into two intervention groups (EBM and 10%D). One milliliter of test solution was given to the baby 30 s before the heel prick. Pain reactions were scored using the PIPP-R scoring system, and two independent observers were chosen, who were blinded to what intervention was given.

Results:

For the EBM solution, the mean PIPP-R at 0 s was 7.19 ± 2, 5.5 ± 1.5 at 30 s, and 4.28 ± 1.65 at 60 s. For the 10%D solution, the mean PIPP-R at 0 s was 4.97 ± 1.42, 2.36 ± 1.44 at 30 s, and 1.69 ± 1.53 at 60 s. The difference in the mean PIPP-R between the two groups was statistically significant, and the 10%D group majority had only minimal pain throughout the procedure.

Conclusions:

Compared to the EBM group, 10%D significantly lowered the mean PIPP-R score, giving good pain relief and less procedural discomfort.
Second-generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Nilotinib- and Dasatinib-induced Keratosis Pilaris: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Alshamrani Hussein M. , Alsaedi Marwan , Alaradati Hosam
Published: July 2024

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can cause cutaneous adverse reactions, with most manifestations resembling keratosis pilaris (KP). Eleven reports describe the onset of KP, with or without confirmation through skin biopsy, during treatment with second-generation TKIs. Herein, we review the current literature and report a clinical case of a 41-year-old male with chronic myeloid leukemia who developed KP-like eruptions during treatment with dasatinib and later nilotinib that cleared after discontinuation of the treatment. However, after switching to nilotinib, severe pruritus and follicular papules reappeared and necessitated dermatology consultation. A skin biopsy confirmed KP’s diagnosis and switching the treatment to ponatinib resulted in the resolution of skin rash without pruritus. Alternative TKIs can help address intolerable cutaneous adverse reactions.
Association between Atopic Dermatitis and Cigarette Smoking Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Almasoudi Lama S. , Alsulami Ethar A. , Saleh Raghad E. , Kinkar Lina I. , Sindi Samaa A. , Almurakshi Muhjah M. , Bahashwan Emad
Published: July 2024

Background:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory skin conditions. AD symptoms include dry skin and an itchy rash, significantly reducing the quality of life. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of AD is 19.8% overall. The increased prevalence of AD in smokers raises the possibility that smoking is a risk factor and one of the biggest obstacles to global public health.

Purpose:

In Saudi Arabia, little is known about the connection between smoking and AD despite substantial studies being done worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether there is a connection between AD and smoking among Saudi Arabia’s general populace.

Methods:

A web-based descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Saudi Arabia. The minimal required sample was estimated to be 385 participants. The overall samples were collected to a maximum of 496 participants. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire directed to the Saudi population and were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program version 26. To determine the association between the variables, the Chi-squared test (χ2) was applied.

Results:

Four hundred and ninety-six participants satisfying the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. 22.6% were smokers. One hundred and thirty-two (26.6%) had been diagnosed with AD (eczema) by a doctor during the past year; 30 participants were smokers, 57 participants were secondhand smokers, and 31 participants had smoked an electronic cigarette. The prevalence of previous diagnoses with AD by a doctor during the past year was higher among females (P ≤ 0.05). Previous diagnosis of AD was not associated with other participants’ demographics, physical activity, body mass index, and participants’ smoking status (P ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Previous diagnosis of AD was not associated with participants’ smoking status.
Dendritic Cell Neurofibroma with Pseudorosette: An Uncharted Entity at Unusual Sites: Two Case Reports with Literature Review
Authors: Mohanty Pranita , Kar Sonali
Published: July 2024

Dendritic cell neurofibroma with pseudorosette (DCNP) is a novel entity of neurofibroma with sparse literature. Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor having many known histological variants including localized, diffuse, plexiform, solitary, cellular, and atypical forms, all of which lead an indolent course. Like other forms of neurofibroma, DCNP usually is located in the dermis or deeper soft tissue or within the nerve trunk. It reveals a characteristic histomorphology of distinct multiple nodules comprising two types of cells: the outer lymphocyte like dark Type I cells (Schwann cell-like) forming pseudorosettes surrounding the inner scattered lighter and larger Type II cells (ganglion/dendritic cell-like). Although histogenesis of these two type of cells is debatable, immunopositivity for S100 suggests the neuronal origin and the fibrous pseudocapsule covering tumor nodules being immunopositive to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) suggests perineurium. Here, we report two such cases of DCNP at two different yet unusual sites of cervical and perianal regions. Neither patient nor their family members had any features of neurofibromatosis(NF 1). Both the cases were adults, presented with firm nontender subcutaneous nodules of long duration causing pressure symptoms. Those were resected and evaluated for microscopy. Histomorphology aided by immunohistochemistry positivity for S100 and EMA confirmed DCNP. Follow up study after half an year of surgery was uneventful and Patients were found to be relieved of all symptoms. We present this unusual new variant that poses challenge for it’s close histological mimickers like cellular/epithelioid schwannoma and plexiform neuroma and yet want to emphasize the innocuous behavior of tumor that can be cured by surgical resection.
Is there any Correlation of Sleep Quality with Postpartum Depression in Mothers of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admitted Babies
Authors: Babbar Neha , Mehra Shuchi , Bhalla Kapil , Kharkongor Nancy Pherlin
Published: June 2024

Background:

Sleep quality is very much affected in mothers in the postpartum period. Despite the high prevalence of poor sleep quality in the postpartum period, little effort is done in this field to help such mothers which is very much needed if their babies are admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) which is an additional factor for their disturbed sleep.

Aim and Objectives:

The objective of this study is to assess the quality of sleep and depression in mothers whose babies are admitted to the NICU by way of a cross-sectional study.

Methodology:

This protocol tried to examine the research question whether there is any correlation between the quality of sleep and depression in mothers who had their delivery in a tertiary teaching hospital and whose babies were admitted to NICU for more than 7 days. This relationship, if any, was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire whose domain is to find out any correlation between sleep quality and risk of postpartum depression.

Observations:

Out of 106 mothers, 68 were primiparous and 38 were multiparous. Out of these mothers, 54% of mothers had EPDS score of >10 and the rest had score of <10. A total score >10 has been validated to have a strong predictive value for detecting women at risk for developing postpartum depression. Furthermore, it was found that as the duration of stay of babies increases in NICU, the number of mothers with EPDS score >10 increases which were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

Poor sleep quality is very common in the postpartum period, especially in females whose babies are admitted to NICU. The longer the stay of babies in NICU, worse the quality of sleep is. Hence, it should be kept in mind when the babies are admitted to NICU, some sort of support both psychological and medical should be available at hand for the mothers to cope with such a beautiful albeit stressful period of their lives and if detected to provide necessary treatment in time.
Challenges in Selecting the Right Oxygen Delivery Devices in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Developing Countries
Authors: Lakra Mahaveer Singh , Lakhkar Bhavana , Karotkar Sagar Ajay Rao , Taksande Amar , Lakra Ashwini
Published: June 2024

Oxygen is a life-saving drug but it may be dangerous if not used properly. Preterm babies are more susceptible to oxygen-induced free radical damage due to their organ immaturity. When supplementing oxygen in newborns, we must evaluate the equipment’s effectiveness, acceptability, tolerance, nasal injuries, and cost-effectiveness. The two most common time-trusted equipment used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are nasal prongs and oxygen hood. The developed countries are using servo-controlled devices and are continuously monitoring the FiO2 and oxygen levels by the analyzer, but it is impractical in developing countries due to the unavailability of the equipment and financial constraints. We are lacking such sophisticated equipment which can monitor all parameters and are servo mode, especially the oxygen hood. Both equipment has got own merits and demerits, and there are no clear-cut guidelines that which one is better. The proper guidelines regarding the use, indications, methods, and monitoring of oxygen therapy in newborn babies are not clear. Many of the staff working in NICU are the ignorant about the nature of complications and side effects and the need for follow-up. This article highlights the rationale of oxygen therapy and saturation policy, methods of weaning, comparison of the efficacy, merits, and demerits, and implications of oxygen delivery devices in the care of newborns in NICU mostly in developing countries.
Comparative Evaluation of Postoperative Pain in Response to Three Different Endodontic Sealers Using Visual Analog Scale
Authors: Umre Utkarsh Prakash , Sedani Shweta , Nikhade Pradnya Prashant , Bansod Akansha , Kriplani Simran Uttam
Published: June 2024

Background:

The present study aimed to evaluate and compare postoperative pain after root canal treatment using three different base endodontic sealers.

Materials and Methods:

Root canal treatment was initiated in 60 patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, root canal treatment was completed, and different base endodontic sealers were used for obturation were selected based on the random allocation of the participants to the following groups NanoSeal, Dia Proseal, and CeraSeal. Postoperative pain was recorded using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 day after obturation. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal–Wallis test and one-way ANOVA.

Results:

Statistically significant pain reduction was observed in both NanoSeal-S and Dia-Proseal groups post-obturation. In NanoSeal-S, pain peaked after 24 hours (2.25 ± 1.74), decreased at 72 hours (0.5 ± 0.89), and was minimal by day 7 (0.25 ± 0.55). Dia-Proseal exhibited similar trends with peak pain at 24 hours (0.25 ± 0.55), further reduction at 72 hours (0.1 ± 0.31), and negligible pain by day 7 (0.0 ± 0.0). Comparable outcomes were noted with CeraSeal sealer group.

Conclusions:

CeraSeal showed less postoperative pain compared to Dia-Proseal and NanoSeal-S.
Revamping the Peg Smile with Composites
Authors: Jaiswal Tanvi , Kambala Seema Sathe , Pisulkar Sweta Kale , Kambala Rajanikanth , Bhoyar Anjali
Published: June 2024

Patient’s expectations for esthetic dentistry have risen in recent years. Having the perfect smile is becoming a goal, as celebrities and public figure’s appearances have undoubtedly improved as a result of smile correction. This case report is unique, as this type of restoration enhances smiles by a conservative and economic approach. The main clinical finding of the present case was smaller shape and size of medially inclined laterals when compared to other teeth, so the diagnosis was peg-shaped laterals, which are the most common but rare too dental form aberration that can distort the harmony of smile and affect patient psychology. Treatment options can vary depending on no prep or prep type of modification. Composites are of no preparation type of restoration, that can easily solve the esthetic issue of peg-shaped teeth, and boost up the patient satisfaction level for the treatment. The present case involves bilateral peg-shaped lateral incisors as a developmental anomaly treated with composites.
The Multifaceted Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in Oral Cancer Therapy – A Narrative Overview
Authors: Darwin Deepthi , Babu Subhas Gogineni , Ajila Vidya , Asan Mohamed Faizal
Published: June 2024

Oral cancer, a part of head-and-neck cancer, is associated with a high risk of mortality which necessitates specificity in the cancer therapy. Known as the fourth pillar among various cancer treatment modalities, immunotherapy requires the stimulation of particular immune system components by modulating the counteraction of signals that cause suppression of the immune system. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provide numerous benefits over conventional chemotherapeutic drugs due to their increased target specificity and extended half-life. When delivered, mAbs act as cytotoxic agents with varied pharmacological effects that prove as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. In the current review, a bibliographic search was done in PubMed and other databases for English articles that were published over the last decade. The aim of this paper is to furnish a substantial review that highlights the immunotherapeutic role of selected mAbs and their mechanisms and clinical applications in the treatment of oral cancers. It also emphasizes the versatile role of antibodies with diverse features which have led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Diagnostic Dilemma of Radicular Cyst Mimicking a Dentigerous Cyst
Authors: Hissariya Neha , Dosi Tanvi , Chandak Lina Govind , Vijaywargiya Gauri
Published: June 2024

Radicular cyst is the most common odontogenic cyst of the jaw; however, its association with overretained deciduous teeth involving impacted permanent teeth is a rare entity and hence may pose a diagnostic dilemma. The aim of this report is to present a case of radicular cyst that mimicked the dentigerous cyst. A 31-year-old female reported to the department of oral medicine with the chief complaint of swelling on the lower left side of the face. Intraoral examination revealed over-retained carious 75. Based on the clinical features, differential diagnosis was given as a radicular cyst and a dentigerous cyst on radiographic examination; intraoral periapical revealed a cystic lesion involving the crown of the deciduous tooth. Cone-beam computed tomography further confirmed that the cystic lesion was not involving the crown of the impacted premolar. Hence, the three-dimensional radiographic evaluation of the lesion helps to rule out the differential diagnosis.
A Narrative Review-Participation of Fathers in Child Health Care in India
Authors: Kuruwanshi Sulochana , Joshi Abhishek Upendra
Published: June 2024

Review studies of the father’s role in child care and father involvement, attitudes, and values associated with it, and strategies for promoting their participation. This review aims to analyze fathers’ involvement in child care and father behavior, as well as associated values and strategies for development. To study the father-child connection and factors such as the child’s social behavior, academic performance, and health-related psychological factors. They are more sensitive, loving, and encouraging toward their young children. When it comes to their young children, they are more receptive, affectionate, and assured. They are also better at maintaining their composure when dealing with rebellious toddlers. A child’s emotional and social development is significantly influenced by how fathers cooperate with their children through play. Compared to mothers, fathers spend a far larger volume of their one-on-one time with infants and preschoolers engaging in stimulating play activities. PubMed and Google Scholar Searches were conducted using Medical Subject Headings terms and related keywords. This study examined the various reviews on the relationship between the roles of fathers in childcare and the factors that may influence the same. Traditional gender norms in child care influence the group of people’s images of fathers’ obligation and serve as a barrier to their involvement in the community. In most populations, fathers can support their families financially. They act as positive role models for their children, defend their families from harm, and exercise control over their wives, children, and other family members. Fathers may provide for and nurture their children. Fathers play and teach their children alone or hold them when their mothers are busy. Interventions focused on improving fathers’ and mothers ideas and attitudes about child care, and the relevance of shared childcare duties may improve fathers’ engagement. Fathers’ participation has various impacts on the child’s healthy development of character, social skills, understanding, intellect, academic achievement, gender roles, morality, and emotion. Fathers’ participation in childcare is affected by family and society, and fathers’ personalities affect children’s personalities to some extent. Father involvement, results also revealed that father involvement was low in childcare responsibilities only; however, other subareas of involvement were high. It was found that especially mothers were responsible as primary caregivers for child care.
A Cross-sectional Study on Women Empowerment among Residents of Different Slum Settlements in a Ward of Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors: Chakrabarti Sreetama , Shukla Vineeta , Kerketta Prince , Basu Mausumi , Chakrabarti Soma
Published: June 2024

Background:

The Sustainable Development Goal 5 focuses to “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.” Promoting women’s empowerment is essential for reducing violence against women, decision-making in health and well-being, and proper upbringing of children, thereby reducing maternal and child mortality.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to assess the level of empowerment among married women residing in selected slum settlements of Kolkata, to estimate the proportion of employed women, to describe the pattern of decision-making among them, and to find the sociodemographic factors (if any) associated with the level of empowerment.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was carried out among 350 married women using face-to-face interviews from October 2022 to September 2023. The study utilized a predesigned, pretested, and structured schedule consisting of questions adapted from the National Family Health Survey-5 women’s questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with low and medium women empowerment.

Results:

Of the 334 participants surveyed, approximately half exhibited low levels of empowerment (49.7%). The majority of study participants reported that decisions pertaining to their own health care, significant household purchases, visits to family or relatives, and voting in elections were made jointly by both spouses. The age of the respondent between 19 and 28 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.54 [1.09–18.80]) and the age of husband between 35 and 48 years (AOR 4.48 [1.46–8.28]) had statistically significant higher AOR of low women empowerment.

Conclusion:

A substantial proportion of women in the study had low empowerment scores and less than one-fifth were employed. Increasing employment opportunities for women and promoting their social participation is recommended.
Combined Effects of Breathing Exercise and Core Strength Training on Fatigue, Abdominal Strength, and Cardiovascular Fitness among Subjects with Mechanical Nonspecific Lumbago Using Tele-physiotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sawant Komal Umesh , Rai Richa Hirendra , Kalra Sheetal , Sharma Abhishek , Chahal Aksh , Sharma Nidhi
Published: June 2024

Background:

Lumbago is derived from the word “lumbar region.” This pain in the lower back/lumbar region is addressed low back pain (LBP). It is considered a major health issue causing disability, and associated with increased fatigue level, decreased abdominal strength, and poor cardiovascular fitness in the affected population.

Objectives of the Study:

Isolate and configure combined effect of breathing exercise and core strengthening training on fatigue, abdominal strength, and cardiovascular fitness in mechanical nonspecific lumbago subjects using tele-physiotherapy.

Methods:

A two-group online randomized control trial was conducted involving 60 participants. The duration of the study stretched for 4 weeks. Subjects recruited in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were split into two groups, i.e., experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed core strength training and breathing exercises, whereas the control group performed only core strength training. Before exercise and at the end of each week fatigue, abdominal strength, and VO2max of the subjects were measured and evaluated.

Results:

Results from the present study concluded significant improvement within each group fatigue, abdominal strength (P < 0.05). However, no between groups difference was observed for VO2max (P > 0.05). Pain intensity perceived by the patients was improved in the group subjected to combined intervention involving core strengthening and breathing exercises as compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

The study proposed a significant effect of breathing exercise along with core strength training on parameters of fatigue, abdominal strength, and cardiovascular fitness in subjects with lumbago.
A Study Protocol to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to Oral Health among Nursing Students in DMIHER (DU)
Authors: Bhagat Shweta , Jaiswal Priyanka , Masurkar Deepika
Published: June 2024

Background:

Nursing student’s dental health education model is aimed at orienting nursing students with oral health knowledge so that these students must be knowledgeable about dental health to implement it in their daily practices, and thus, they can play a vital part in health education and serve as the ideal role model for patients and the community. Therefore, a questionnaire-based survey is to be conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to oral health among nursing students in Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

Materials and Methods:

Around 440 nursing students will be participating in the questionnaire-based cross-sectional study for 2 months. The population will be taken from the nursing college of Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. The validated questionnaires will be circulated among the nursing students with the consent of the participation for the participants in study. After receiving the feedback of the questionnaires, the data will be observed, analyzed, and resulted.

Expected Results:

More than 80% is expected to have knowledge that toothbrushing prevents caries and gingival bleeding, and bleeding gum indicates gum disease. More than 90% may show a positive attitude toward the importance of oral health and considered that it is as important as other systemic health. Around 90% of students are expected to have a positive attitude toward dental floss and mouthwash helps in keeping the teeth clean. More than 90% of students are expected to brush their teeth twice daily and around 50% of students are expected to visit dental clinic regularly for routine dental checkup.

Conclusion:

The present study will show significant knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oral health among nursing students. Therefore, our study’s findings might fill the void and provide a sound basis for developing evidence-based oral health reinforcement programs to reduce the discrepancy in oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices.
Impact of Social Media among School-going Children
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Social media is an online platform that enables social interaction. Social media refers to online communities such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and other game platforms. Today’s school-going kids and teens spend the majority of their time on social media. These sites of social media have provided portals for communication and entertainment in recent years. Excessive use of social media among school-going children is not only affecting their academics but also his or her health. Pediatricians or clinicians are in a unique position to guide the children or their families for healthy use of social media to avoid potential problems along with cyberbullying. An association exists between an individual’s self-esteem and their utilization of social media platforms. There has not been much research on the precise reason for and impacts of the social media on youngsters attending the school. This review article seeks to investigate the influence of social media on children and teenagers of school age.
Radiographical Assessment of the Subpubic Angle among Adult Bini Tribe in Nigeria and Overview of its Significance
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Ojeikere Victor
Published: June 2024

Background:

Pelvimetry is an important component of anthropometry which entails the assessment of pelvis morphometry. This includes subpubic angle (SPA) which is an important parameter with diverse applications.

Objective:

This study was conducted to determine the standard SPA values among the Bini tribe in Nigeria and elucidate their significance.

Materials and Methods:

This study employed anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 85 male and 95 female adult Binis between 25 and 55 years. The SPA was measured as the angle formed by the intersection of inferior margins of the pubic rami. Data obtained were analyzed and presented as mean and standard deviation with comparison undertaken using a t-test (where P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant).

Results:

The male SPA (85.67 ± 8.04) was significantly lower (P = 0.035) than the female SPA (114.38 ± 9.70). Regarding the age groups, the male SPA (85.94 ± 6.08) was significantly lower than the female SPA (112.88 ± 9.59) among < 30 years; the male SPA (85.76 ± 8.78) was significantly lower than the female SPA (116.40 ± 7.41) among 31 to 40 years; the male SPA (84.75 ± 8.02) was significantly lower than the female SPA (113.59 ± 10.03) among 41 to 50 years, and the male SPA (86.13 ± 7.53) was significantly lower than the female SPA (113.96 ± 8.63) among over 50 years.

Conclusion:

The SPA has great significance as an estimator of sex and race during forensic procedures. Clinically, it is a vital parameter that plays a significant role in the determination of the mode of parturition in pregnant females at term.
Attitude of Undergraduate Dental Students’ Toward Geriatric Oral Care in Davanagere City, Karnataka – A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Venkatesh Usha Govindaroy
Published: July 2024

Background:

Population aging is a human success story. Getting older is associated with a higher incidence of chronic diseases which have proven to have oral manifestations. The future dentists should develop a positive attitude to provide care for elders.

Objective:

The objective of this questionnaire-based survey was to evaluate the attitude of undergraduate dental students’ toward elders in providing dental care to them.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 undergraduate dental students using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and attitude sections. Data were fed into SPSS-20 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test (α <0.05).

Results:

The mean age of students was 20.91 ± 1.56, 76.2% were female students, and 63.4% of students were in the clinical stage of their studies. The students’ mean score of attitude was 55.04 ± 5.81 (34–73). The mean score of attitude was not statistically different based on gender, age, year of study, type of family and bonding with grandparents. The “clinical training and discrimination in healthcare,” “compassion,” “adaptation to modern society,” and “resource distribution” were the four major factors extracted using principal component analysis and varimax orthogonal rotation method to measure attitude toward elders’ dental care.

Conclusion:

From our survey, it can be concluded that undergraduate students have moderately positive attitude toward elder patients. The four main components are the main areas in which dental education can be improved to better prepare aspiring dentists to treat elderly patients with high-quality dental care.
Comparative evaluation of intranasal dexmedetomidine, intranasal midazolam, and nitrous oxide for conscious sedation of anxious children undergoing dental treatment: A randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Janiani Palak , Gurunathan Deepa , Manohar Ramsesh
Published: July 2024

Background:

Pharmacological methods, specifically sedatives, have gained popularity in managing the behavior of children during dental appointments.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare 1 m/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine, 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam, and nitrous oxide in evaluating the level of sedation, behavior of the child, onset of sedation, physiologic signs, and adverse effects.

Materials and Methods

In this cross-over trial, 15 children aged 6–8 years were randomized to receive intranasal atomized dexmedetomidine, intranasal atomized midazolam, and inhalation nitrous oxide at three separate visits. After administering the sedative agent, a single pulpectomy was performed during each appointment, and the outcomes were recorded. The washout period between each visit was 1 week.

Results:

All three sedative agents were equally effective in controlling overall behavior. Dexmedetomidine showed lower sedation level scores (agitated; score 9) than the other groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the onset of sedation, with dexmedetomidine having the longest onset of 36.2 ± 9.47 min. Coughing and sneezing were predominantly observed after administration of intranasal midazolam. Oxygen saturation levels were statistically lower in the intranasal midazolam group during local anesthesia administration and post-treatment.

Conclusion:

0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam is as effective as nitrous oxide sedation for controlling behavior and providing adequate sedation in pediatric dental patients. However, 1 m/kg dexmedetomidine did not provide the same level of sedation and had a significantly longer onset. 0.3 mg/kg intranasal midazolam is an effective alternative to nitrous oxide sedation in anxious children.