bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bronchiectasis following treatment for high‐risk neuroblastoma: A case series
Authors: Adams Madeleine , Traunecker Heidi , Doull Iolo , Cox Rachel
Published: March 2017

High‐risk (HR) neuroblastoma remains a very challenging disease to treat and long‐term cure is only possible with intensive, multimodal treatment including chemotherapy, high‐dose therapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. As a result, treatment‐related morbidity and late effects are common in survivors. This report outlines a case series of six patients who developed a chronic productive cough following treatment for HR neuroblastoma. High‐resolution computed tomography scanning confirmed the diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Two of the patients who have undergone immunological testing demonstrate hypogammaglobulinaemia and impaired vaccine response. Persistent cough in patients treated for neuroblastoma warrants investigation and consideration of immunological referral.
Circulating Tumor Cells as a Marker for Progression‐free Survival in Metastatic Castration‐naïve Prostate Cancer
Authors: Josefsson Andreas , Linder Anna , Flondell Site Despina , Canesin Giacomo , Stiehm Anna , Anand Aseem , Bjartell Anders , Damber Jan‐Erik , Welén Karin
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is a promising prognostic marker in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The aim of this study was to investigate CTC detection and phenotyping as prognostic biomarkers for response to primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) of metastatic prostate cancer (PC).

METHODS

PC patients presenting with a prostate specific antigen (PSA) >80 ng/ml and/or metastatic disease, intended for ADT were enrolled in the study. CTCs were analysed for expression of PSA prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) before and three months after ADT and related to progression.

RESULTS

At inclusion, 46 out of 53 patients (87%) were CTC‐positive with a sensitivity and specificity for distant metastases (M1) of 98% and 75%, respectively. In patients with M1‐disease, EGFR‐detection in CTC was an independent prognostic marker for progression‐free survival, whereas PSA and alkaline phosphatase serum levels, Gleason score, or T‐stage were not. EGFR‐positive patients had significantly shorter time to progression (5 months) compared to EGFR‐negative patients (11 months) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

In this explorative study, CTCs were detected in 98% of M1 patients and detection of EGFR in CTCs was strongly associated with poor outcome, which indicated that phenotypical analysis of CTC could be a promising prognostic marker of ADT‐response in castration‐naïve metastatic PC patients. Prostate 77:849–858, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A communicative property with its industrial applications
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Abbas Nasir , Mahmood Tahir
Published: March 2017

This study presents a relationship between two well‐known distributions, namely, geometric and binomial distributions. We will provide the statement of our result supported by its precise proof. In addition, we will give an illustrative example to explain the suggested relationship. We will indicate some industrial applications where the derived communicative property may be used. Moreover, the use of this linkage property will be shown in control charting setup.
Polyomavirus microRNAs circulating in biological fluids during viral persistence
Authors: Martelli Francesco , Giannecchini Simone
Published: March 2017

Increasing evidence suggests that microRNA‐mediated gene silencing, detected during exosome intercellular communication between cells, may be exploited by persistent human viruses. Recently, it has been reported that human polyomaviruses encode microRNAs that downregulate large T expression and target host factors, helping the virus to escape immune elimination. Consequently, viral microRNAs and their genetic variability may have roles in the induction of polyomavirus reactivation, the success of persistence or replication and the development of diseases. In vitro experiments have detected polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) microRNAs in exosomes obtained from cell supernatants after viral infection and showed that they can be carried into uninfected cells. JCPyV and BKPyV microRNAs have been sought in clinical samples obtained from patients with or at risk of severe polyomavirus‐associated diseases and from healthy subjects. Variable expressions of JCPyV and BKPyV microRNAs circulating in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid samples were found in patients who were polyomavirus DNA positive and were also observed in negative subjects. Differences in the relationship between the JCPyV and BKPyV microRNA expressions and viral DNA load have been observed. All the data point towards a potential role of polyomavirus exosome microRNAs in viral persistence and suggest that further work is warranted to define their role in viral reactivation and to identify potential new antiviral strategies targeting these viruses.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Integrating Information and Communication Technologies Into Literacy Instruction: A National Survey in the United States
Authors: Hutchison Amy , Reinking David
Published: March 2017

This research explores literacy teachers’ perceptions of integrating information communication technologies (ICTs) into literacy instruction. To this end, a national survey of 1,441 literacy teachers in the United States was conducted. The survey provided data concerning the types and levels of reported availability and use of ICTs, beliefs about the importance of integrating ICTs into literacy instruction, and perceived obstacles to doing so. The analysis of data included descriptive statistics, an exploratory factor analysis, and a path analysis used to test a model hypothesizing a relation between teachers’ perceived importance of technology and reported levels of integration. Results revealed relatively low levels of curricular integration, consistent perceptions about obstacles to integration, and technological rather than curricular definitions of ICTs and of integration. The path analysis suggested several characteristics and influences associated with higher levels of integration and use. The findings advance understanding of the extent to which ICTs are being integrated into literacy instruction and what factors should be considered toward profitably increasing integration consistent with expanding definitions of literacy.
Understanding the Relative Contributions of Lower‐Level Word Processes, Higher‐Level Processes, and Working Memory to Reading Comprehension Performance in Proficient Adult Readers
Authors: Hannon Brenda
Published: March 2017

Although a considerable amount of evidence has been amassed regarding the contributions of lower‐level word processes, higher‐level processes, and working memory to reading comprehension, little is known about the relationships among these sources of individual differences or their relative contributions to reading comprehension performance. This study addresses these shortcomings by using structural equation modeling. The principal structural equation model tested in this study—called the cognitive components‐resource model of reading comprehension—proposes a set of specific relationships among lower‐level word processing, higher‐level processes, and working memory. This model is then systematically compared with a series of other models that propose alternative relationships among these three sources of individual differences. The results show that, although working memory influences higher‐level processes, speed of lower‐level word processing exerts little to no influence on higher‐level processes or working memory. The results also show that a variant of the cognitive components‐resource model of reading comprehension accounts for 62% of the variance in reading comprehension performance. Taken as a whole, the present study informs theories of reading comprehension by proposing relationships among important sources of individual differences. It also provides a foundation for future research seeking to test and compare theories of reading comprehension and other sources of individual differences.
Paradoxes in French‐Language Instruction: Recent Social and Historical Research on Literacy in France
Authors: Rockwell Elsie , Galvão Ana Maria
Published: March 2017

This essay on three recent books by outstanding scholars—La raison scolaire by Bernard Lahire, Histoire de l'enseignement du français du XVIIe au XXe siècle by André Chervel, and L'école et la lecture obligatoire by Anne‐Marie Chartier—offers the opportunity to acquaint readers with French research on teaching written language and to show the value of historical research for understanding past and current developments. The discussion highlights issues of inequality and failure in the face of the arbitrary and changing nature of schooled literacy and the vital role that teachers have played in redefining the everyday meaning and craft of teaching.
A Mixed‐Methods Approach to Investigating First‐ and Second‐Language Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition Through the Reading of Fiction
Authors: Reynolds Barry Lee
Published: March 2017

Adult English‐L1 (n = 20) and English‐L2 (n = 32) experimental groups were given a novel containing nonce words to read within two weeks to investigate whether the reading of fiction can induce a state of incidental vocabulary acquisition. After reading, an unexpected meaning recall translation assessment measuring acquisition of 49 target nonce words was administered, followed by an open‐response reflective questionnaire. Assessment results indicated that English‐L1 speakers were better than English‐L2 speakers at incidentally acquiring vocabulary through the reading of fiction. Furthermore, results indicate that only three encounters with unknown words may be needed to encourage acquisition if the reading of a target text is enjoyable or of importance to the reader. Comparing acquisition results for English‐L1 and English‐L2 experimental groups to English‐L1 (n = 13) and English‐L2 (n = 27) control groups, however, indicated vocabulary acquisition could not be completely attributed to incidental acquisition, with the English‐L1 control group being more successful in guessing the meanings of unknown words than the English‐L2 control group. Post hoc interviews with both the English‐L1 and English‐L2 experimental groups indicated a difference in English‐L1 speakers' and English‐L2 speakers' perception of nonce words, which may have affected assessment outcomes. The results of the current investigation suggest that the use of nonce words could confound acquisition results if participants realize that the nonce words are proxies representing already known real words or give the nonce words a different status than real words. Results warrant the use of control groups in incidental vocabulary acquisition research regardless of whether real or nonce words are used as targets.
Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward Placode-Derived Spiral Ganglion-Like Sensory Neurons
Authors: Matsuoka Akihiro J. , Morrissey Zachery D. , Zhang Chaoying , Homma Kazuaki , Belmadani Abdelhak , Miller Charles A. , Chadly Duncan M. , Kobayashi Shun , Edelbrock Alexandra N. , Tanaka-Matakatsu Miho , Whitlon Donna S. , Lyass Ljuba , McGuire Tammy L. , Stupp Samuel I. , Kessler John A.
Published: March 2017

The ability to generate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) from stem cells is a necessary prerequisite for development of cell-replacement therapies for sensorineural hearing loss. We present a protocol that directs human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward a purified population of otic neuronal progenitors (ONPs) and SGN-like cells. Between 82% and 95% of these cells express SGN molecular markers, they preferentially extend neurites to the cochlear nucleus rather than nonauditory nuclei, and they generate action potentials. The protocol follows an in vitro stepwise recapitulation of developmental events inherent to normal differentiation of hESCs into SGNs, resulting in efficient sequential generation of nonneuronal ectoderm, preplacodal ectoderm, early prosensory ONPs, late ONPs, and cells with cellular and molecular characteristics of human SGNs. We thus describe the sequential signaling pathways that generate the early and later lineage species in the human SGN lineage, thereby better describing key developmental processes. The results indicate that our protocol generates cells that closely replicate the phenotypic characteristics of human SGNs, advancing the process of guiding hESCs to states serving inner-ear cell-replacement therapies and possible next-generation hybrid auditory prostheses. © Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2017;6:923–936
White‐Emissive Self‐Assembled Organic Microcrystals
Authors: Li Zhi Zhou , Liang Feng , Zhuo Ming Peng , Shi Ying Li , Wang Xue Dong , Liao Liang Sheng
Published: March 2017

Organic semiconductor micro‐/nanocrystals with regular shapes have been demonstrated for many applications, such as organic field‐effect transistors, organic waveguide devices, organic solid‐state lasers, and therefore are inherently ideal building blocks for the key circuits in the next generation of miniaturized optoelectronics. In the study, blue‐emissive organic molecules of 1,4‐bis(2‐methylstyryl)benzene (o‐MSB) can assemble into rectangular microcrystals at a large scale via the room‐temperature solution‐exchange method. Because of the Förster resonance energy transfer, the energy of the absorbed photons by the host matrix organic molecules of o‐MSB can directly transfer to the dopant organic molecules of tetracene or 1,2:8,9‐dibenzopentacene (DBP), which then emit visible photons in different colors from blue to green, and to yellow. More impressively, by modulating the doping molar ratios of DBP to o‐MSB, bright white‐emissive organic microcrystals with well‐preserved rectangular morphology can be successfully achieved with a low doping ratio of 1.5%. These self‐assembled organic semiconductor microcrystals with multicolor emissions can be the white‐light sources for the integrated optical circuits at micro‐/nanoscale.
Immobilization of Pt Nanoparticles via Rapid and Reusable Electropolymerization of Dopamine on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Reversible SERS Substrates and Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensors
Authors: Cai Jingsheng , Huang Jianying , Ge Mingzheng , Iocozzia James , Lin Zhiqun , Zhang Ke‐Qin , Lai Yuekun
Published: March 2017

Inspired by mussel‐adhesion phenomena in nature, polydopamine (PDA) coatings are a promising route to multifunctional platforms for decorating various materials. The typical self‐polymerization process of dopamine is time‐consuming and the coatings of PDA are not reusable. Herein, a reusable and time‐saving strategy for the electrochemical polymerization of dopamine (EPD) is reported. The PDA layer is deposited on vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs). Owing to the abundant catechol and amine groups in the PDA layer, uniform Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited onto the TiO2 NTAs and can effectively prevent the recombination of electron–hole pairs generated from photo‐electrocatalysis and transfer the captured electrons to participate in the photo‐electrocatalytic reaction process. Compared with pristine TiO2 NTAs, the as‐prepared Pt@TiO2 NTA composites exhibit surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensitivity for detecting rhodamine 6G and display excellent UV‐assisted self‐cleaning ability, and also show promise as a nonenzymatic glucose biosensor. Furthermore, the mussel‐inspired electropolymerization strategy and the fast EPD‐reduced nanoparticle decorating process presented herein can be readily extended to various functional substrates, such as conductive glass, metallic oxides, and semiconductors. It is the adaptation of the established PDA system for a selective, robust, and generalizable sensing system that is the emphasis of this work.
Various and Tunable Transport Properties of WSe2 Transistor Formed by Metal Contacts
Authors: Liu Chunsen , Yan Xiao , Zhang Enze , Song Xiongfei , Sun Qingqing , Ding Shijin , Bao Wenzhong , Xiu Faxian , Zhou Peng , Zhang David Wei
Published: March 2017

The abundant electronic and optical properties of 2D materials that are just one‐atom thick pave the way for many novel electronic applications. One important application is to explore the band‐to‐band tunneling in the heterojunction built by different 2D materials. Here, a gate‐controlled WSe2 transistor is constructed by using different work function metals to form the drain (Pt) and source (Cr) electrodes. The device can be gate‐modulated to exhibit three modes of operation, i.e., the tunneling mode with remarkable negative differential resistance, the transition mode with a second electron tunneling phenomenon for backward bias, and finally the conventional diode mode with rectifying characteristics. In contrast to the heterojunctions built by different 2D materials, these devices show significantly enhanced tunneling current by two orders of magnitude, which may largely benefit from the clean interfaces. These results pave the way toward design of novel electronic devices using the modulation of metal work functions.
Designing expression templates with concepts
Authors: Bachelet Bruno , Yon Loïc
Published: March 2017

Concepts are likely to be introduced in a future C++ standard. They can be used for constraining template parameters, which enables checking requirements on template parameters sooner in the compilation process, and thus providing more intelligible error messages to the user. They can also be used in the specialization of templates, thus leading to a better control over the selection of the most appropriate version of a template for a given instantiation. This latter aspect offers new possibilities in the design of template libraries, as it enhances the specialization mechanism of templates, and set it up as a solid alternative to inheritance when static binding can replace dynamic binding. This article addresses the design of expression templates (i.e., templates that represent expressions and are usually built through operator overloading) that are useful to develop an embedded domain specific language (EDSL), and can speed up the evaluation of an expression by delaying the evaluation of intermediate operations to avoid unnecessary temporary objects. We propose to use concept‐based template specialization to parse expression templates in order to ease the design of an EDSL. This approach is a static variant of the well‐known visitor design pattern that replaces the overridden methods in the double dispatch of the original design pattern by template specializations based on concepts. An example of EDSL for linear programming developed with our solution demonstrates that a concept‐based design helps producing concise and reliable code. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
You've Been Framed—Framing Talent Mobility in Emerging Markets
Authors: Tansley Carole , Kirk Susan
Published: March 2017

Businesses operating in emerging markets invariably require their talent to be geographically mobile, but organizational and individual needs do not always coincide. Drawing on framing theory, we demonstrate how organizational talent engage in framing processes to negotiate their social order when organizational mobility requirements are invoked. Emerging from this study is a typology of four talent mobility frame positions: acceptance, adaptation, avoidance, and abdication. Our contribution is threefold. First, we illustrate the role that framing plays in global talent management mobility practices. Second, we extend contemporary studies on global talent mobility by demonstrating how individual choices are enacted through frame positions. Third, we show how having a flexible approach to managing global talent can facilitate not only the management of existing operations, but also enable expansion into new and emerging markets© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
A revision and analysis of the comprehensiveness of the main longitudinal studies of human aging for data mining research
Authors: Ribeiro Caio Eduardo , Brito Luis Henrique S. , Nobre Cristiane Neri , Freitas Alex A. , Zárate Luis Enrique
Published: March 2017

Human aging is a global problem that will have a large socioeconomic impact. A better understanding of aging can direct public policies that minimize its negative effects in the future. Over many years, several longitudinal studies of human aging have been conducted aiming to comprehend the phenomenon, and various factors influencing human aging are under analysis. In this review, we categorize the main aspects affecting human aging into a taxonomy for assisting data mining (DM) research on this topic. We also present tables summarizing the main characteristics of 64 research articles using data from aging‐related longitudinal studies, in terms of the aging‐related aspects analyzed, the main data analysis techniques used, and the specific longitudinal database mined in each article. Finally, we analyze the comprehensiveness of the main databases of longitudinal studies of human aging worldwide, regarding which proportion of the proposed taxonomy's aspects are covered by each longitudinal database. We observed that most articles analyzing such data use classical (parametric, linear) statistical techniques, with little use of more modern (nonparametric, nonlinear) DM methods for analyzing longitudinal databases of human aging. We hope that this article will contribute to DM research in two ways: first, by drawing attention to the important problem of global aging and the free availability of several longitudinal databases of human aging; second, by providing useful information to make research design choices about mining such data, e.g., which longitudinal study and which types of aging‐related aspects should be analyzed, depending on the research's goals. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1202. doi: 10.1002/widm.1202

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
Investigation of techniques to measure cortisol and testosterone concentrations in coyote hair
Authors: Schell Christopher J. , Young Julie K. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Mateo Jill M. , Santymire Rachel M.
Published: March 2017

Long‐term noninvasive sampling for endangered or elusive species is particularly difficult due to the challenge of collecting fecal samples before hormone metabolite desiccation, as well as the difficulty in collecting a large enough sample size from all individuals. Hair samples may provide an environmentally stable alternative that provides a long‐term assessment of stress and reproductive hormone profiles for captive, zoo, and wild mammals. Here, we extracted and analyzed both cortisol and testosterone in coyote (Canis latrans) hair for the first time. We collected samples from 5‐week old coyote pups (six female, six male) housed at the USDA‐NWRC Predator Research Facility in Millville, UT. Each individual pup was shaved in six different locations to assess variation in concentrations by body region. We found that pup hair cortisol (F5,57.1 = 0.47,p = 0.80) and testosterone concentrations (F5,60 = 1.03,p = 0.41) did not differ as a function of body region. Male pups generally had higher cortisol concentrations than females (males = 17.71 ± 0.85 ng/g, females = 15.48 ± 0.24 ng/g;F1,57.0 = 5.06,p = 0.028). Comparatively, we did not find any differences between male and female testosterone concentrations (males = 2.86 ± 0.17 ng/g, females = 3.12 ± 0.21 ng/g;F1,60 = 1.42,p = 0.24). These techniques represent an attractive method in describing long‐term stress and reproductive profiles of captive, zoo‐housed, and wild mammal populations.
Applying occupational and organizational psychology theory to entrustment decision-making about trainees in health care: a conceptual model
Authors: Holzhausen Ylva , Maaz Asja , Cianciolo Anna T. , Ten Cate Olle , Peters Harm
Published: March 2017

In medical contexts around the world, supervising physicians continuously decide what degree of supervision to apply as trainees carry out professional activities. Although the implications for patients can be far-reaching, little is known about how these entrustment decisions are formed. The concept of ‘Entrustable Professional Activities’ has initiated interest and valuable research on factors that may influence the entrustment decision process. The aim of the current article is to link models of entrustment developed in the fields of occupational and organizational psychology and military psychology to medical education studies that have explored the factors influencing physicians’ entrustment decisions. We provide a conceptual framework of the entrustment decision-making process, which we suggest will contribute to the understanding of how supervising physicians arrive at the decision to entrust a medical trainee with a professional activity.
Serial nouns in Finnish
Authors: Armoskaite Solveiga , Koskinen Päivi
Published: March 2017

We argue for the existence of nominal serialization based on our analysis of a Finnish construction consisting of a syntactically fixed sequence in which a prosaic noun is followed by an ideophonic noun. A database compiled from a range of diverse sources provides material for the analysis. Muysken and Veenstra's (2006) criteria for the serialization of verbs are adapted and applied to our analysis of these ideophonic constructions as involving the serialization of nouns. We provide evidence that the noun–noun sequence is nested within a possessive structure that behaves as a syntactic atom, exhibits idiosyncratic phonology, and encodes speaker perspective.
“So it's got three meanings dil dil:” Seductive ideophony and the sounds of Navajo poetry
Authors: Webster Anthony K.
Published: March 2017

This article engages questions about translation, phonological iconicity, and seductive ideophony. I begin by discussing the work of Paul Friedrich as it relates to questions of linguistic relativity and poetics and the qualities of music and myth that constitute poetry. I then present a poem written in Navajo by Rex Lee Jim and four translations of the poem. Three are from Navajo consultants and one of those translations will be, from a certain perspective, rather surprising. Namely, why does one consultant translate this poem as if it is composed of ideophones? The fourth translation is mine. I then work through the morphology of the poem in Navajo, saying something more about the translators and the process of translation. I then provide a transcript of a conversation I had with Blackhorse Mitchell about this poem. I use this to take up questions of phonological iconicity (punning) and the seductive quality of ideophony (the pole of music). I also place this poem within a context of the stick game in Navajo philosophy (the pole of myth). This leads, in the conclusion, to reflections about linguistic relativity, misunderstandings, sound, and poetics.
Networking with a Network: The Liverpool African Committee 1750–1810
Authors: HAGGERTY JOHN , HAGGERTY SHERYLLYNNE
Published: March 2017

Historians are increasingly using networks as an analytical framework. However, recent research has stressed the inherent problems with networks, including networking institutions. Historians therefore have to consider why and in what ways actors do, or did, engage with networks. This article posits a novel interdisciplinary methodology by bringing together regression analysis, visual analytics, and history to analyze actors’ relationshipswith an institutionrather than with one another. This methodology, illustrated by the case study of the Liverpool African Committee, from 1750 to 1810, demonstrates that actors’ relationships with an institution may beaffectiveorinstrumental, reflecting different relationshipswithand usesofthe network. Moreover, actors’ relationships with an institution are not static and change over time. The methodology and case study presented in this article suggest a reassessment of the understanding of metropolitan business networking institutions to reflect the complexity of their use.
Justice for Janitors Goes Dutch. Precarious Labour and Trade Union Response in the Cleaning Industry (1988–2012): A Transnational History
Authors: Knotter Ad
Published: March 2017

Precarious labour has been on the rise globally since the 1970s and 1980s. Changing labour relations in the cleaning industry are an example of these developments. From the 1970s onwards, outsourcing changed the position of industrial cleaners fundamentally: subcontracting companies were able to reduce labour costs by recruiting mainly women and immigrants with a weak position in the labour market. For trade unions, it was hard to find a way to counteract this tendency and to organize these workers until the Justice for Janitors (J4J) campaigns, set up by the US-based Service Employees International Union (SEIU) from the late 1980s, showed that an adequate trade union response was possible. From the mid-2000s, the SEIU launched a strategy to form international coalitions outside the US. It met a favourable response in several countries. In the Netherlands, a campaign modelled on the J4J repertoire proved extraordinarily successful. In this article, transnational trade unionism in the cleaning industry based on the J4J model will be analysed with a special focus on the Dutch case. How were local labour markets and trade union actions related to the transnational connections apparent in the rise of multinational cleaning companies, the immigrant workforce, and the role of the SEIU in promoting international cooperation between unions?
Wrecking Peasants and Salvaging Landlords – Or Vice Versa? Wrecking in the Russian Baltic Provinces of Estland and Livland, 1780–1870
Authors: Lust Kersti
Published: March 2017

This article is a case study of wrecking, based on a database of hundreds of shipwrecks that occurred between 1780 and 1870, in what is today Estonia. Through a qualitative analysis of narrative sources, it examines the wrecking activities of manorial lords as well as of their peasants. Contrary to the international scholarly tradition, which views wrecking as an activity of the common people, this article sheds light on the deceptive and opportunistic activities of manorial lords, who were responsible for enforcing the law at the local level by performing police and court functions, but who, at the same time, benefited on a large scale from wrecking. The article contrasts this with the opportunities coastal peasants had to wreck for their own profit. In wrecking and salvage, the three characteristic elements of peasant-landlord relationships – exploitation, partnership, and patronage – emerge. In contrast with studies focusing on the friction between peasants and their lords in regions dominated by manorialism, this article argues that, in wrecking, their collaboration apparently proceeded without much conflict in this period.
Verrucaria ahtii, V. oulankaensis and V. vitikainenii, three new species from the Endocarpon group (Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)
Authors: PYKÄLÄ Juha , LAUNIS Annina , MYLLYS Leena
Published: March 2017

Three new species of Verrucaria are described from calcareous and calciferous rocks in Finland based on morphology and ITS sequences. The species are all members of the Endocarpon group in the Verrucariaceae. Verrucaria oulankaensis sp. nov. is related to V. cernaensis but differing in its usually pruinose, small areolate thallus. It occurs in NE Finland on calcareous and calciferous rocks on river shores. Verrucaria ahtii sp. nov. and V. vitikainenii sp. nov. form a sister group in the ITS phylogeny. Verrucaria vitikainenii differs from V. ahtii in the darker and thinner thallus, absence of a prothallus and in the perithecia, which lack thalline cover. Verrucaria ahtii morphologically resembles V. apomelaena but differs in having a thinner involucrellum and a fimbriate prothallus. It has a southern distribution in Finland and prefers sun-exposed sites, particularly pebbles in lime quarries. The species is also reported from Lithuania and Russia. Verrucaria vitikainenii has an eastern distribution in Finland. The species is a strict calcicole, preferring half-shady habitats. Verrucaria apomelaena is excluded from the Finnish lichen flora.
Ducatina umbilicatagen. et sp. nov., a remarkableTrapeliaceaefrom the subantarctic islands in the Indian Ocean
Authors: ERTZ Damien , SØCHTING Ulrik , GADEA Alice , CHARRIER Maryvonne , POULSEN Roar S.
Published: March 2017

The new genus and speciesDucatina umbilicatais described from Îles Crozet and Îles Kerguelen. This lichen is characterized by an umbilicate thallus with a black verrucose lower surface and a greyish to dark olivaceous smooth upper surface having large verrucae, large semi-immersed cephalodia, semi-immersed apothecia with a prominent thalline margin, simple, mainly ellipsoid ascospores of 23–42×12–25 µm and the presence of unknown chemical compounds. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and mtSSU sequences placeDucatinain theTrapeliaceae(Baeomycetales). The new taxon is closely related toOrceolina antarcticaandO.kerguelensis, two other lichens endemic to these subantarctic islands, differing by its morphology and the lack of chemical compounds.Ducatinais the only genus in theTrapeliaceaeto develop a large umbilicate thallus.
Human Rights, Global Ethics, and the Ordinary Virtues
Authors: Ignatieff Michael
Published: March 2017

In a 1958 speech at the United Nations, Eleanor Roosevelt took stock of the progress that human rights had made since the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ten years before. Mrs. Roosevelt had chaired the UN committee that drafted the Universal Declaration and had hoped that, in time, it would become “the international Magna Carta of all men everywhere.” Her answer to the question of how to measure human rights progress has become one of the most frequently quoted remarks of the former First Lady:

Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to home—so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any maps of the world. Yet they are the world of the individual person; the neighborhood he lives in; the school or college he attends; the factory, farm, or office where he works. Such are the places where every man, woman, and child seeks equal justice, equal opportunity, equal dignity without discrimination. Unless these rights have meaning there, they have little meaning anywhere. Without concerted citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world.
US–Shrimp II (Vietnam): Dubious Application of Anti-Dumping Duties – Should Have Used Safeguards
Authors: ZISSIMOS BEN , WOUTERS JAN
Published: March 2017

This article explores the idea that the USDOC imposed anti-dumping duties on Vietnamese shrimp producers despite the fact that the surge of shrimp imports giving rise to the duties may have come from elsewhere in the developing world. We argue that Vietnam's shrimp exporters may have been subject to anti-dumping duties because Vietnam has ‘non-market economy’ (NME) status in the United States. This makes it possible to levy higher duties against Vietnamese firms. We make the point that it was particularly inappropriate to impose anti-dumping duties against the Vietnamese shrimp industry because this industry shows clear indications of being perfectly competitive, whereby firms cannot dump. This in turn raises the question of how the USDOC was able to construct a dumping case where apparently none could have existed. Use of the ‘zeroing’ methodology, in conjunction with Vietnam's NME status, turns out to be central to the answer. The broader issue is that anti-dumping duties are overused where safeguards would be more efficient. The analysis is relevant for the current controversy over China's NME status with a number of its trading partners.
Once Upon Time: A Superficial History of Early Tape
Authors: McMURRAY PETER
Published: March 2017

The early history of tape can be and has been told in a number of ways: as a byproduct of fascism; as a serendipitous outcome of signals intelligence and the spoils of the Second World War; or as a synergistic result of American capitalism at the hands of Bing Crosby and engineer John Mullin. Instead, I consider how Fritz Pfleumer's ‘sounding paper’ – inspired by his work in cigarette manufacturing – led to a medium that brings together elements of magnetic technologies (i.e., non-inscriptive data storage) with the plastic operations of film (e.g., cutting, splicing, looping), augmented by a variety of new temporal possibilities (e.g., pause, rewind). To that end, I analyse the production and subsequent circulation of tape, tape recorders, and tape recordings in Germany during the Second World War, including many orchestral recordings by Wilhelm Furtwängler and Herbert von Karajan. After the war, these technologies and tapes were looted from Germany, leading to the subsequent emergence of tape recording in the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union. The post-war dissemination of tape illustrates not only the geopolitics of technology, but also the ways in which the peculiar characteristics of tape fostered certain cultural and technological practices.
The Nomological Network of Emotion Recognition	Ability
Authors: Schlegel Katja , Fontaine Johnny R. J. , Scherer Klaus R.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The ability to recognize other people’s emotions from their face, voice, and body (emotion recognition ability, ERA) is crucial to successful functioning in private and professional life. The Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT; Schlegel, Grandjean, & Scherer, 2014 ) is a new instrument to measure ERA in a more ecologically valid way than previous tests. In this article, we report the results of five studies examining the test’s construct validity with a total N of 1,284. We found that the GERT was highly positively correlated with other performance-based tests measuring ERA and emotional intelligence (EI), as well as with cognitive intelligence. GERT scores were also related to higher self-reported empathy, openness, and neuroticism, and to better social adjustment. Furthermore, higher GERT scores were related to lower anxiety, anger expressivity, and alexithymia. In line with previous findings, women scored higher than men and GERT performance declined with increasing age. Taken together, these results provide considerable evidence for the construct validity of the GERT and for ERA as an adaptive skill that likely facilitates better life outcomes.
Measuring Youth Residential Care Provider Attitudes
Authors: Ringle Jay L. , James Sigrid , Ross Jordan R. , Thompson Ronald W.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. In this study the 15-item Evidence-Based Practices Attitude Scale (EBPAS), a measure designed to assess attitudes toward the adoption of EBPs, was collected from administrators of residential care facilities for youth in the United States. As the EBPAS was administered to a different sample for which it was originally developed (i.e., community mental health), we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to investigate if its factor structure was maintained. Results confirm the factor structure of the EBPAS as a valid measure of attitude toward evidence-based practice among youth residential care providers. Limitations and areas of future research are discussed.
The Dark Side of Engagement for Older Workers
Authors: Carse Traci , Griffin Barbara , Lyons Mathew
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Late-career workers must remain employed for longer, but in doing so face the unique challenge of remaining active and productive at work while not disregarding the need to maintain health and plan for retirement, both of which are necessary for work longevity and successful aging. This study investigated whether work engagement, a motivator of proactive behavior in the work domain, would exhibit a dark side by acting as a de-motivator of proactive behavior in the health and retirement domains. Results from 1917 participants showed that one dimension of engagement, vigor, was positively associated with proactivity across domains. In contrast, absorption, although positively related to proactive behavior at work, was associated with fewer health behaviors and was unrelated to retirement planning.
Radio Science and Space Weather Now Available on IEEE Xplore
Authors: Liu Jamie
Published: March 2017

Two AGU journals are poised to reach a broader audience.
Optical fiber meta-tips
Authors: Principe Maria , Consales Marco , Micco Alberto , Crescitelli Alessio , Castaldi Giuseppe , Esposito Emanuela , La Ferrara Vera , Cutolo Antonello , Galdi Vincenzo , Cusano Andrea
Published: March 2017

We report on the first demonstration of a proof-of-principle optical fiber ‘meta-tip’, which integrates a phase-gradient plasmonic metasurface on the fiber tip. For illustration and validation purposes, we present numerical and experimental results pertaining to various prototypes implementing generalized forms of the Snell’s transmission/reflection laws at near-infrared wavelengths. In particular, we demonstrate several examples of beam steering and coupling with surface waves, in fairly good agreement with theory. Our results constitute a first step toward the integration of unprecedented (metasurface-enabled) light-manipulation capabilities in optical-fiber technology. By further enriching the emergent ‘lab-on-fiber’ framework, this may pave the way for the widespread diffusion of optical metasurfaces in real-world applications to communications, signal processing, imaging and sensing.
Quantum coherence selective 2D Raman–2D electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Spencer Austin P. , Hutson William O. , Harel Elad
Published: March 2017

Electronic and vibrational correlations report on the dynamics and structure of molecular species, yet revealing these correlations experimentally has proved extremely challenging. Here, we demonstrate a method that probes correlations between states within the vibrational and electronic manifold with quantum coherence selectivity. Specifically, we measure a fully coherent four-dimensional spectrum which simultaneously encodes vibrational–vibrational, electronic–vibrational and electronic–electronic interactions. By combining near-impulsive resonant and non-resonant excitation, the desired fifth-order signal of a complex organic molecule in solution is measured free of unwanted lower-order contamination. A critical feature of this method is electronic and vibrational frequency resolution, enabling isolation and assignment of individual quantum coherence pathways. The vibronic structure of the system is then revealed within an otherwise broad and featureless 2D electronic spectrum. This method is suited for studying elusive quantum effects in which electronic transitions strongly couple to phonons and vibrations, such as energy transfer in photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes.
Reciprocal regulation of γ-globin expression by exo-miRNAs: Relevance to γ-globin silencing in β-thalassemia major
Authors: Sun Kuo-Ting , Huang Yu-Nan , Palanisamy Kalaiselvi , Chang Shih-Sheng , Wang I-Kuan , Wu Kang-Hsi , Chen Ping , Peng Ching-Tien , Li Chi-Yuan
Published: March 2017

Induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a promising strategy in the treatment of β-thalassemia major (β-TM). The present study shows that plasma exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRs) are involved in γ-globin regulation. Exosomes shuttle miRNAs and mediate cell-cell communication. MiRNAs are regulators of biological processes through post-transcriptional targeting. Compared to HD (Healthy Donor), β-TM patients showed increased levels of plasma exosomes and the majority of exosomes had cellular origin from CD34+ cells. Further, HD and β-TM exosomes showed differential miRNA expressions. Among them, deregulated miR-223-3p and miR-138-5p in β-TM exosomes and HD had specific targets for γ-globin regulator and repressor respectively. Functional studies in K562 cells showed that HD exosomes and miR-138-5p regulated γ-globin expression by targeting BCL11A. β-TM exosomes and miR-223-3p down regulated γ-globin expression through LMO2 targeting. Importantly, miR-223-3p targeting through sponge repression resulted in γ-globin activation. Further, hnRNPA1 bound to stem-loop structure of pre-miR-223 and we found that hnRNPA1 knockdown or mutagenesis at miR-223-3p stem-loop sequence resulted in less mature exo-miR-223-3p levels. Altogether, the study shows for the first time on the important clinical evidence that differentially expressed exo-miRNAs reciprocally control γ-globin expressions. Further, the hnRNPA1-exo-miR-223-LMO2 axis may be critical to γ-globin silencing in β-TM.
Tryptophan end-tagging for promoted lipopolysaccharide interactions and anti-inflammatory effects
Authors: Singh Shalini , Datta Aritreyee , Schmidtchen Artur , Bhunia Anirban , Malmsten Martin
Published: March 2017

The objective of the present study is the investigation of possibilities for boosting peptide anti-inflammatory effects by tryptophan end-tagging, including identification of underlying mechanisms for this. In doing so, effects of tryptophan end-tagging of KYE21 (KYEITTIHNLFRKLTHRLFRR), a peptide derived from heparin co-factor II, on membrane and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interactions were investigated by ellipsometry, NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism measurements. Through its N-terminal W stretch, WWWKYE21 displays higher membrane binding, liposome rupture, and bacterial killing than unmodified KYE21. Analogously, W-tagging promotes binding to E. coli LPS and to its endotoxic lipid A moiety. Furthermore, WWWKYE21 causes more stable peptide/LPS complexes than KYE21, as evidenced by detailed NMR studies, adopting a pronounced helical conformation, with a large hydrophobic surface at the N-terminus due to the presence of W-residues, and a flexible C-terminus due to presence of several positively charged arginine residues. Mirroring its increased affinity for LPS and lipid A, WWWKYE21 displays strongly increased anti-inflammatory effect due to a combination of direct lipid A binding, peptide-induced charge reversal of cell membranes for LPS scavenging, and peptide-induced fragmentation of LPS aggregates for improved phagocytosis. Importantly, potent anti-inflammatory effects were observed at low cell toxicity, demonstrated for both monocytes and erythrocytes.
Distribution and diversity of enzymes for polysaccharide degradation in fungi
Authors: Berlemont Renaud
Published: March 2017

Fungi are important polysaccharide degraders in the environment and for biotechnology. Here, the increasing number of sequenced fungal genomes allowed for systematic identification of genes and proteins involved in polysaccharide degradation in 218 fungi. Globally, 9,003 sequences for glycoside hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases targeting cellulose, xylan, and chitin, were identified. Although abundant in most lineages, the distribution of these enzymes is variable even between organisms from the same genus. However, most fungi are generalists possessing several enzymes for polysaccharide deconstruction. Most identified enzymes were small proteins with simple domain organization or eventually consisted of one catalytic domain associated with a non-catalytic accessory domain. Thus unlike bacteria, fungi's ability to degrade polysaccharides relies on apparent redundancy in functional traits and the high frequency of lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases, as well as other physiological adaptation such as hyphal growth. Globally, this study provides a comprehensive framework to further identify enzymes for polysaccharide deconstruction in fungal genomes and will help identify new strains and enzymes with potential for biotechnological application.