bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WEAKENING OF THE HARDY PROPERTY FOR MEANS
Authors: PASTECZKA PAWEŁ
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to find a broad family of means defined on a subinterval of $I\subset [0,+\infty )$ such that $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }\mathscr{M}(a_{1},\ldots ,a_{n})<+\infty \quad \text{for all }a\in \ell _{1}(I).\end{eqnarray}$$ Equivalently, the averaging operator $(a_{1},\,a_{2},a_{3}\,,\ldots )\mapsto (a_{1},\,\mathscr{M}(a_{1},a_{2}),\,\mathscr{M}(a_{1},a_{2},a_{3}),\ldots )$ is a selfmapping of $\ell _{1}(I)$. This property is closely related to the so-called Hardy inequality for means (which additionally requires boundedness of this operator). We prove that these two properties are equivalent in a broad family of so-called Gini means. Moreover, we show that this is not the case for quasi-arithmetic means, that is functions $f^{-1}(\sum f(a_{i})/n)$, where $f:I\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is continuous and strictly monotone, $n\in \mathbb{N}$ and $a\in I^{n}$. However, the weak Hardy property is localisable for this family.
Long-term disability in major depressive disorder: a 6-year follow-up study
Authors: Iancu Sorana C. , Wong Yak Mee , Rhebergen Didi , van Balkom Anton J. L. M. , Batelaan Neeltje M.
Published: July 2019

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a leading cause of disability. This study examines the course of disability in patients with chronic, recurrent and remitting MDD compared to healthy controls and identifies predictors of disability in remitting MDD.

Methods

We included 914 participants from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). DSM-IV MDD and WHO DAS II disability were assessed at baseline and at 2, 4 and 6 years. Six-year total and domain-specific disability were analysed and compared in participants with chronic (n = 57), recurrent (n = 120), remitting (n = 127) MDD and in healthy controls (n = 430). Predictors of residual disability were identified using linear regression analysis.

Results

At baseline, most disability was found in chronic MDD, followed by recurrent MDD, remitting MDD and healthy controls. Across diagnostic groups, most disability was found in household activities, interpersonal functioning, participation in society and cognition. A chronic course was associated with chronic disability. Symptom remission was associated with a decrease in disability, but some disability remained. In remitting MDD, higher residual disability was predicted by older age, more severe avoidance symptoms, higher disability at baseline and late symptom remission. Severity of residual disability correlated with the severity of residual depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Symptomatic remission is a prerequisite for improvements in disability. However, disability persists despite symptom remission. Therefore, treatment of MDD should include an explicit focus on disability, especially on the more complex domains. To this end, treatments should promote behavioural activation and address subthreshold depressive symptoms in patients with remitted MDD.
Peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bora Emre
Published: July 2019

Background

Schizophrenia is associated with significant cognitive impairment. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia remain unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are among the most commonly investigated peripheral markers of cognition in schizophrenia.

Methods

A systematic review in PubMed and Scopus databases was performed until 31 January 2019 to assess the relationship between cognitive impairment, CRP and BDNF levels in schizophrenia. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.

Results

Current meta-analysis included 21 studies including 2449 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Overall, both BDNF [r = 0.12, confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.19] and CRP (r = −0.13, CI 0.08–0.18) levels were very modestly but significantly related to cognitive functioning in schizophrenia (r = 0.12, CI 0.04–0.19). In meta-analyses of cognitive domains, BDNF levels were significantly associated with verbal memory (r = 0.16, CI 0.09–0.23), working memory (r = 0.14, CI 0.06–0.22), processing speed (r = 0.18, CI 0.10–0.26) and verbal fluency (r = 0.09, CI 0–0.18) performances. Elevated CRP levels were related to all cognitive domains (r = −0.09 to −0.13) except for fluency. Subgroup analyses suggested that the relationship between cognitive and BDNF levels were more pronounced in chronic samples.

Conclusions

Current findings suggest that cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is significantly related to elevated CRP and reduced BDNF levels in schizophrenia, particularly in chronic samples. However, small effect sizes of these correlations suggest that inflammation and decreased BDNF levels do not play a major role in cognitive dysfunction in most patients with schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential intermediating and confounding factors which can influence the level of relationship between inflammation, neurotrophic factors and cognition in schizophrenia.
Quinlingualism in the Maghreb?
Authors: Kachoub Bouchra , Hilgendorf Suzanne K.
Published: July 2019

The widespread use of English in advertising around the world has received considerable attention in recent decades. A number of researchers have looked at this practice in European countries such as France, Germany, Greece, and Italy (e.g. Martin, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008; Hilgendorf & Martin, 2001; Oikonomidis, 2003; Vettorel, 2013). Other scholars have examined this phenomenon in various contexts in Asia, for instance in India, Iran, and Russia (e.g. Bhatia, 1987, 1992, 2006, 2007, 2012; Ustinova & Bhatia, 2005; Bhatia & Baumgardner, 2008; Baumgardner & Brown, 2012). One part of the world, however, drawing relatively little scholarly attention to date has been the Maghreb region of northern Africa.
A longitudinal investigation of language mixing in Spanish–English dual language learners: the role of language proficiency, variability, and sociolinguistic factors
Authors: MONTANARI Simona , OCHOA Wendy , SUBRAHMANYAM Kaveri
Published: July 2019

This study examines language mixing in 26 Spanish–English dual language learners over the course of their first year of preschool. The children's patterns of language choice while interacting in monolingual language contexts were analyzed at age 3;6 and 4;5 to examine: (1) whether the frequency of language mixing changed during the year; (2) whether mixing was related to proficiency as measured by utterance length and lexical diversity; and (3) whether there were different subgroups of children, among the participants, with similar proficiency and language use patterns. The results indicate that language mixing, which was low at both ages, was related to limited lexical resources only at 3;6. However, by age 4;5, language choice was more constrained by sociolinguistic variables – children's awareness of the language prescribed by the majority culture – than by proficiency. An exploratory cluster analysis further reveals different profiles of learners sharing similar proficiency and language mixing characteristics.
Medieval corporations, membership and the common good: rethinking the critique of shareholder primacy
Authors: Mansell Samuel F. , Sison Alejo José G.
Published: July 2019

The notion that business corporations should be managed for the exclusive benefit of shareholders has been widely challenged. In particular, critics have argued that directors are authorised to serve the interests of thecorporation: a legal entity that is completely separate from its shareholders. However, the premise that shareholders have sole legitimate claim to ‘membership’ has rarely been questioned. This article explores medieval thought on ownership, authority and participation in guilds, churches, towns and universities, and shows that membership can be understood as participation in, and shared responsibility for, a group's distinct collaborative activity over time. Our theory suggests that ‘membership’ in the modern corporation extends to non-shareholding stakeholders, but with the implication that ownership and authority are vested in the members as a body and not in a separate entity.
Surface impedance properties of a wire grid embedded in a chiral medium
Authors: Awan Z. A.
Published: July 2019

The surface impedance characteristics of a wire grid composed of infinitely long parallel conducting wires embedded in lossless and lossy frequency-dispersive chiral background media have been investigated. Using wavefield decomposition approach for a chiral background and with the application of impedance boundary conditions for a wire grid, an analytic expression for the surface impedance of a wire grid with a chiral background has been derived. It is shown that the surface impedance magnitude of a wire grid with chiral nihility background is close to zero and almost independent of incident polar angles. A strong chiral background significantly enhances the surface impedance magnitude of a wire grid for incident polar angles closer to right angle as compared to the free space background. The same electromagnetic appearance of a wire grid with frequency-dispersive chiral and free space background media at some critical frequency has also been discussed which may find applications in electromagnetic illusions. It is also shown that if the value of incident polar angles are closer to right angle then the impedance magnitude of a wire grid embedded in the realistic chiral background is smaller as compared to the same wire grid when placed in the free space background.
Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina
Authors: McCarthy James A. , Schoenbohm Lindsay M. , Bierman Paul R. , Rood Dylan , Hidy Alan J.
Published: July 2019

Unraveling the relative impacts of climate, tectonics, and lithology on landscape evolution is complicated by the temporal and spatial scale over which observations are made. We use soil and desert pavement classification, longitudinal river profiles, 10Be‐derived catchment mean modern and paleo‐erosion rates, and vertical incision rates to test whether, if we restrict our analyses to a spatial scale over which climate is relatively invariant, tectonic and lithologic factors will dominate the late Quaternary landscape evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, NW Argentina. We find that the spatial distribution of erosion rates, normalized channel steepness indices, and concavity indices reflect active tectonics and lithologic resistance. Knickpoints are spatially coincident with tectonic and/or lithologic discontinuities, indicating local base‐level control by faulting. Catchment mean erosion rates, ranging from 22.5 ± 2.6 to 121.9 ± 13.7 mm/kyr, and paleo‐erosion rates, ranging from 56 +43/‐19 to 105 +60/‐33 mm/kyr, are similar, possibly suggesting that Quaternary climate changes have not had a strong enough influence on erosion rates to be detected using cosmogenic 10Be. However, punctuated abandonment of pediment and strath terraces at 43.6 +15.0/‐11.6, 91.2 +54.2/‐22.2, and 151 +92.7/‐34.1 ka and disparities between vertical incision rates and catchment mean erosion rates could suggest periods of landscape transience, possibly reflecting climate cyclicity. Our results emphasize the role of tectonic uplift and lithologic contrasts in shaping long‐term erosion rates and channel morphology at the relatively local scale of the Calchaqui River Catchment, in contrast to regional‐scale studies which find precipitation to exert the dominant control.
Estimating Connectivity Through Larval Dispersal in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Gamoyo Majambo , Obura David , Reason Chris J. C.
Published: July 2019

The health and functioning of coral reef ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean are in decline due to anthropogenic stress, and the rate of decline is set to accelerate. Marine reserves have become important tools in mitigating these pressures, and one of the most critical factors in determining their spatial design is the degree of connectivity among populations. However, the spatial scale and strength at which populations are potentially connected by dispersal remain uncertain. In this paper, the potential connectivity of corals was assessed through a Lagrangian particle‐tracking algorithm coupled offline with an ocean circulation numerical model. Connectivity metrics and graph theory were used to analyze the networks and highlight those reefs that are critical for maintaining the connectivity of corals across the region. Western Indian Ocean coral reefs formed about 13 clusters for larvae with short pelagic larval duration (PLD; 5 days) but grouped into stable larger clusters at 15, 30, and 60 days PLDs, with strong westward dispersal from the northern tip of Madagascar and Comoro Islands toward the East African coast. Reefs at Mafia‐Latham Island (Tanzania), Angoche‐Nacala and Pemba‐Mucufi (Mozambique), Anjouan and Ngazidja (Comoros), and Glorieuses (France) were the most significant for multigenerational connectivity, as measured by betweenness centrality. The small islands Agalega and Tromelin were completely disconnected from other sites at all PLDs. These findings identify priority conservation areas and actions to help support coral reef resilience through a connected network of marine protected areas.
In vitro characterization of sonothrombolysis and echocontrast agents to treat ischemic stroke
Authors: Shekhar Himanshu , Kleven Robert T. , Peng Tao , Palaniappan Arunkumar , Karani Kunal B. , Huang Shaoling , McPherson David D. , Holland Christy K.
Published: July 2019

The development of adjuvant techniques to improve thrombolytic efficacy is important for advancing ischemic stroke therapy. We characterized octafluoropropane and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)-loaded echogenic liposomes (OFP t-ELIP) using differential interference and fluorescence microscopy, attenuation spectroscopy, and electrozone sensing. The loading of rt-PA in OFP t-ELIP was assessed using spectrophotometry. Further, it was tested whether the agent shields rt-PA against degradation by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). An in vitro system was used to assess whether ultrasound (US) combined with either Definity or OFP t-ELIP enhances rt-PA thrombolysis. Human whole blood clots were mounted in a flow system and visualized using an inverted microscope. The perfusate consisted of either (1) plasma alone, (2) rt-PA, (3) OFP t-ELIP, (4) rt-PA and US, (5) OFP t-ELIP and US, (6) Definity and US, or (7) rt-PA, Definity, and US (n = 16 clots per group). An intermittent US insonation scheme was employed (220 kHz frequency, and 0.44 MPa peak-to-peak pressures) for 30 min. Microscopic imaging revealed that OFP t-ELIP included a variety of structures such as liposomes (with and without gas) and lipid-shelled microbubbles. OFP t-ELIP preserved up to 76% of rt-PA activity in the presence of PAI-1, whereas only 24% activity was preserved for unencapsulated rt-PA. The use of US with rt-PA and Definity enhanced lytic efficacy (p < 0.05) relative to rt-PA alone. US combined with OFP t-ELIP enhanced lysis over OFP t-ELIP alone (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that ultrasound combined with Definity or OFP t-ELIP can enhance the lytic activity relative to rt-PA or OFP t-ELIP alone, respectively.
Isothermal amplification of specific DNA molecules inside giant unilamellar vesicles
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Komiya Ken , Kawamata Ibuki , Murata Satoshi , Nomura Shin-ichiro M.
Published: July 2019

An artificial DNA circuit in giant unilamellar vesicles allows isothermal amplification of DNA by over 5000-fold within several hours.
In situ synthesis of ultrasmall MnO nanoparticles encapsulated by a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tao Shi , Li Biao , Zhang Jingyuan , Cui Peixin , Wu Dajun , Chu Wangsheng , Qian Bin , Song Li
Published: July 2019

Ultrasmall MnO nanoparticles encapsulated into the nitrogen-rich doped carbon matrix hybrids are synthesized by annealing Mn2(EDTA) precursors and exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance as advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Electrochemical synthesis of 1,2-diketones from alkynes under transition-metal-catalyst-free conditions
Authors: Zhou Jie , Tao Xiang-Zhang , Dai Jian-Jun , Li Chen-Guang , Xu Jun , Xu Hong-Mei , Xu Hua-Jian
Published: July 2019

A novel electrochemical protocol for the direct oxidation of internal alkynes in air to provide 1,2-diketones was developed.
Facile synthesis of α-trifluoromethylthio phosphonium ylides with a constrained trifluoromethylthiooxide via a proton-transfer procedure
Authors: Cao Chengyao Kimmy , Zhang Yue , Lan Tianlei , Liu Wei , Chen Chao
Published: July 2019

Synthesis of α-trifluoromethylthio(CF3S–)phosphonium ylides is easily accomplished with a constrained trifluoromethylthiooxide via a proton-transfer procedure without extra base.
Record-high thermal stability achieved in a novel single-component all-organic ferroelectric crystal exhibiting polymorphism
Authors: Dutta Sanjay , Vikas Vikas , Yadav Ashok , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy , Bala Anu , Kumar Vijay , Chakraborty Tirthankar , Elizabeth Suja , Munshi Parthapratim
Published: July 2019

A novel single-component organic ferroelectric crystal is reported to persist in its phase up to a record-high temperature (521.2 K) and undergoes polymorphic modifications afterwards.
Stoichiometric reactions and catalytic dehydrogenations of amine–boranes with calcium aryloxide
Authors: Zheng Xizhou , Huang Jiasu , Yao Yingming , Xu Xin
Published: July 2019

A calcium aryloxide complex reacts with amine–boranes to give unprecedented amine–borane coordinated complexes through Ca⋯H interactions, which serve as active species for catalytic dehydrogenation reactions.
Crystal morphology prediction of energetic materials grown from solution: insights into the accurate calculation of attachment energies
Authors: Liu Yingzhe , Niu Shiyao , Lai Weipeng , Yu Tao , Ma Yiding , Gao Hongxu , Zhao Fengqi , Ge Zhongxue
Published: July 2019

Reasonable modifications to the attachment energy model were made for accurately predicting the crystal growth morphology of energetic materials in solution.
Correction: Highly selective metallogel from 4-biphenylcarboxy capped diphenylalanine and FeCl3
Authors: Sasmal Supriya , Maji Krishnendu , Díaz David Díaz , Haldar Debasish
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘Highly selective metallogel from 4-biphenylcarboxy capped diphenylalanine and FeCl3’ by Supriya Sasmal et al., CrystEngComm, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00695h.
Time-resolved spectra of I2 in a krypton crystal by G-MCTDH simulations: nonadiabatic dynamics, dissipation and environment driven decoherence
Authors: Picconi David , Burghardt Irene
Published: July 2019

Time- and frequency-resolved pump-probe spectra of I2 in a krypton crystal are calculated and analyzed using high-dimensional multi-state quantum dynamics by the Gaussian-based multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (G-MCTDH) method.
Bifunctional phase-transfer catalysts for fixation of CO2 with epoxides under ambient pressure
Authors: Li Yue-Dan , Cui Dong-Xiao , Zhu Jun-Chao , Huang Ping , Tian Zhuang , Jia Yan-Yan , Wang Ping-An
Published: July 2019

A series of bifunctional phase-transfer catalysts with a quaternary onium center and a hydrogen-bonding donor group were prepared for the fixation of CO2 with epoxides under mild conditions by using a CO2 balloon (1 atm) to produce cyclic carbonates up to 95% yields.
NaLiK, an self-developed device for rapid, reliable and simultaneous assessment of sodium, lithium and potassium for management of fluid balance and bipolar disorder in human subjects
Authors: Halder Animesh , Singh Soumendra , Adhikari Aniruddha , Ghosh Shayantani , Shikha Deep , Saha Debajyoti , Chakraborty Rajib , Kundu Asim , Tripathi Santanu Kumar , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: July 2019

Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium etc. are essential for maintaining the fluid balance and homeostasis in the human body.
Mass spectrometry imaging as a novel approach to measure hippocampal zinc
Authors: Dowlatshahi Pour Masoumeh , Ren Lin , Jennische Eva , Lange Stefan , Ewing Andrew G. , Malmberg Per
Published: July 2019

Mass spectrometry imaging used to measure hippocampal zinc shows complementarity to fluorescence and shows protein-bound rather than free zinc.
Instantaneous, room-temperature, open-air atmosphere, solution-phase synthesis of perovskite quantum dots through halide exchange employing non-metal based inexpensive HCl/HI: ensemble and single particle spectroscopy
Authors: Mandal Saptarshi , Roy Debjit , De Chayan K. , Ghosh Swarnali , Mandal Mrinal , Das Ananya , Mandal Prasun K.
Published: July 2019

Instantaneous, room-temperature, open-air atmosphere, solution-phase synthesis of perovskite quantum dots.
Catalytic asymmetric (4 + 1) annulation of nitroalkenes with allylic acetates: stereoselective synthesis of isoxazoline N-oxides
Authors: Luo Jinghua , Chen Rongshun , Fan Xia , Gong Junyu , Han Jie , He Zhengjie
Published: July 2019

A highly enantioselective catalytic asymmetric (4 + 1) annulation reaction of nitroalkenes and ammonium ylides is reported for the first time.
Correction: UO22+-mediated ring contraction of pyrihexaphyrin: synthesis of a contracted expanded porphyrin-uranyl complex
Authors: Brewster James T. , Root Harrison D. , Mangel Daniel , Samia Adam , Zafar Hadiqa , Sedgwick Adam C. , Lynch Vincent M. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘UO22+-mediated ring contraction of pyrihexaphyrin: synthesis of a contracted expanded porphyrin-uranyl complex’ by James T. Brewster et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 5596–5602.
Collection of nectar by bumblebees: how the physics of fluid demonstrates the prominent role of the tongue's morphology
Authors: Lechantre Amandine , Michez Denis , Damman Pascal
Published: July 2019

Bumblebees use their tongue to feed on flowers with a mopping-squeezing mechanism. From a comparison of biological data with predictions of a physical model for viscous dipping, we demonstrate that nectar is trapped in the tongue micro-structure.
Transient measurement and structure analysis of protein–polysaccharide multilayers at fluid interfaces
Authors: Bertsch Pascal , Thoma Alexandra , Bergfreund Jotam , Geue Thomas , Fischer Peter
Published: July 2019

Transient measurement of protein–polysaccharide multilayers at fluid interfaces: successive adsorption increases layer viscoelasticity, simultaneous adsorption impedes adsorption kinetics and layer strength.
Mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis
Authors: Chapman Kent D. , Aziz Mina , Dyer John M. , Mullen Robert T.
Published: July 2019

Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that compartmentalize nonbilayer-forming lipids in the aqueous cytoplasm of cells. They are ubiquitous in most organisms, including in animals, protists, plants and microorganisms. In eukaryotes, LDs are believed to be derived by a budding and scission process from the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, and this occurs concomitantly with the accumulation of neutral lipids, most often triacylglycerols and steryl esters. Overall, the mechanisms underlying LD biogenesis are difficult to generalize, in part because of the involvement of different sets of both evolutionarily conserved and organism-specific LD-packaging proteins. Here, we briefly compare and contrast these proteins and the allied processes responsible for LD biogenesis in cells of animals, yeasts and plants.
8.4‐to‐16‐bit resolution, 1‐to‐16 kHz bandwidth ADC with programmable‐gain functionality for multi‐sensor applications
Authors: Rhee J. , Kim S.
Published: July 2019

A resolution‐reconfigurable, bandwidth‐scalable analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC) with programmable‐gain (PG) functionality for a multi‐sensor system, which encompasses various signals such as bio‐signals and battery‐level, is presented. In PG and low‐power mode, a PG first‐order noise‐shaping (NS) successive‐approximation register (SAR) ADC achieves 8.4‐to‐10.2‐bit operating up to 16 kHz while providing a gain of 1/2/4. The PG NS SAR ADC can be reconfigured as an adder and a quantiser in a delta‐sigma (ΔΣ) modulator enhancing the order of the modulator for high‐resolution. The third‐order ΔΣ modulator achieves 16.1 bits in a bandwidth of 1 kHz. The work is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with a 1.8 V power supply.
Comprehensive analysis of the retaining pile structure with the determining the stability factor by numerical methods
Authors: Dubinchyk Olha , Petrenko Volodymyr , Ihnatenko Dmytro , Kildieiev Vitalii
Published: July 2019

The paper highlights the results of the complex analysis of the retaining pile structure with determining the stability coefficient by numerical methods. To achieve this purpose, after designing a structure with jet grouting piles, the research of the stability coefficients of the landslide hazard slopes in the software complex “OTKOS” and its stress state in the software complex LIRA-CAD system was conducted. The relevance of the completed research is to develop rational parameters of the pile structure. A comparison of determining the stability coefficient of a slope by different methods for the existing landslide stretch for the public roadways of local significance C141017 (Lviv-Shehyni) – Sudova Vyshnia was carried out. Originality of the paper lies in the fact that to determine the stability coefficient in the model, the layeredness of the slope under study is taken into account, and the nonlinear volumetric problem is solved in the course of the numerical analysis of the stress state. The rational distance between piles in the gap and the length of the pile under a certain percentage of cement and ground was justified.
Conceptual bases of intensification of mining operations in mines of Ukraine based on monitoring and condition management of mine hoisting systems
Authors: Ilin Serhii , Adorska Larysa , Samusia Volodymyr , Kolosov Dmytro , Ilina Inna
Published: July 2019

The article justifies technical and organizational solutions aimed at improving the operational properties of hoisting equipment, the development of methods and means of controlling the operational state of existing systems in complex mining-geological and mining-engineering conditions. Technical solutions of a new type of hoisting machines with two consecutive friction pulleys, which have significantly higher load characteristics and allow usage of less metal-intensive and energy-intensive hoisting machines, are considered. The order of estimation of a state of a mine shaft and general types of work on its monitoring are justified. Conceptual foundations of intensification of mining operations in the mines of Ukraine are defined based on modernization of hoisting equipment units and improvement of a control system.
The study of the process of physic-chemical destruction of coal by the method of physical modeling
Authors: Makeiev Serhii , Andreiev Serhii , Ryzhov Hennadii
Published: July 2019

One of the possible ways of physic-chemical destruction (PCD) of coal was considered. It is established that condition of the realization of a principle possibility of spontaneous dispersion of coal is to reduce its surface energy by 40-60 J/m2. Laboratory experiments to study the PCD of coal in different liquids were conducted. According to the results, kinetic curves of swelling coal in them transition D-G stamps is presents. It was established that the most intensive physical and chemical destruction of the coal to a particle size from tenths to tens of millimeters occurs in solutions of methylamine and hydrochloric acid. The most severe swelling of the coal was noted in those environment as well. The intensity of swelling is not significantly associated with the characteristics of wetting. The influence of various effects on the PCD parameters of coal was studied by physical simulation. The total time the chemical destruction of coal on the treated area was calculated. It was proposed method PCD for coals occurring in the clay rocks of various stages of catagenesis.
Approbation of the theory of fractals and damageability of rocks when solving geomechanical problems
Authors: Riabtsev Oleh , Protsak Serhii
Published: July 2019

The results of a comprehensive geomechanical prediction of the state of the host rocks in the vicinity of the development working when mining the excavation column of longwall in the vicinity of the rock inrush in the conditions of one of the mines of Western Donbas are presented. A numerical simulation of the size and shape of the rock inrush zone and a comparison of the obtained results with the full-scale mine observations were carried out using the theory of fractals and rock damageability.
Water effect on the rocks and mine roadways stability
Authors: Slashchova Olena
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to solving of a live scientific problem of improving methods for predicting stability of mine roadways under mining-and-geological conditions of the rock watering. Specific effect of water on the rock strength properties was investigated. The generalized correlation dependences of the strength reduction of sandstones, mudstones and siltstones at their saturation with water relatively to their initial strength in natural state were obtained.By method of mathematical modeling, regularity of changes in the stress-strain state of the rock massif depending on rate of preparatory roadway watering were established and confirmed bythe mine observations. The correlations were proposed for calculating probable water inflows into the mine roadways basing on the assessment of volume of broken elements in the geomechanical model, parameters of open porosity and fracturing. It is stated that implementation of a setof measures aimed at reducing water flows into the mine roadway improves its stability due to the smaller size of inelastic deformation zones in the walls and roof of the mine roadway in the stationary abutment-pressure zone, reduced contours of the mine roadway deformation, and decreased rate of horizontal and vertical convergence.
Features of dynamics of the load-carrying body of the belt tubular conveyor
Authors: Zhyhula Tetiana
Published: July 2019

The problems of researching the dynamics of the load-carrying body of a belt tubular conveyor (BTC) are formulated. It is noted that for BTC, at which the flat belt is rolled into a pipe with the help of special roller supports, the main danger is torsional vibrations. The factors causing torsional vibrations of the tubular belt are analyzed. An estimate of the maximum angle of rotation of the belt from the suddenly applied moment is given. A comparison of the angular turns of the tubular belt of the closed and open profiles is made. The relations of the main belt’s parameters, which exclude the possibility of its significant rotation and load spills are obtained.
Investigation of additives in combustion of wheat straw pellets in a small scale boiler
Authors: Dragutinovic Natasa , Nakomcic-Smaragdakis Branka , Djuric Slavko , Djordjic Dragisa
Published: July 2019

Crop residues could provide a local, sustainable, and low-cost solid fuel alternative to woody biomass for heat supply in the agricultural community. However, utilization of crop residues on a small scale is associated with increased pollutant emissions, as well as ash-related operational problems. There is ongoing research on fuel conditioning measures, such as fuel leaching, fuel blending, and using mineral additives, as a manner to mitigate these issues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of additives in the combustion of crop residues under everyday conditions. To this end, wheat straw pellets were combusted in a 30 kW boiler with and without additives (kaolinite and MgO, 2 wt. % and 4 wt. %). Carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have been monitored during combustion experiments, as well as changes in bottom ash behavior and composition. The results have shown that additives slightly decrease the heating value of the fuel (3%–6%). During experiments with additized wheat straw pellets, higher emissions of CO were observed. Combustion of pure not additized wheat straw pellets resulted in a PM emission of 568 mg/Nm3, which decreased with additives. Both researched additives increase the four characteristic ash deformation temperatures.
Edge states in the honeycomb reconstruction of two-dimensional silicon nanosheets
Authors: Mannix Andrew J. , Saari Timo , Kiraly Brian , Fisher Brandon L. , Hsu Chia-Hsiu , Huang Zhi-Quan , Chuang Feng-Chuan , Nieminen Jouko , Lin Hsin , Bansil Arun , Hersam Mark C. , Guisinger Nathan P.
Published: July 2019

Electrons confined within a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb potential can host localized electronic states at their edges. These edge states exhibit distinctive electronic properties relative to the bulk and may result in spin polarization or topologically protected conduction. However, the synthesis and characterization of well-defined 2D structures which host such edge states remain challenging. Here, we confirm the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and find evidence for unique edge states in the Ag-induced honeycomb surface reconstruction of silicon nanosheets (SiNSs) grown on Ag(111). Atomic-scale scanning tunneling microscopy and computational modeling confirm that the electronic properties of the SiNS surface are determined by the honeycomb surface reconstruction. This surface presents ordered edge terminations with distinct spectroscopic signatures associated with the edge orientation, and calculations suggest that Rashba-type spin–orbit coupling may result in spin-polarized conduction along certain edge orientations. This quantification of the electronic structure of edge states in SiNS 2DEGs will address ongoing efforts to engineer quantum effects in silicon-based nanostructures.
Homogeneous nucleation of ferroelectric ice crystal driven by spontaneous dipolar ordering in supercooled TIP5P water
Authors: Shi Rui , Tanaka Hajime
Published: July 2019

Recently, it has been revealed that a supercooled liquid below the melting point has intrinsic structural heterogeneity due to local structural ordering as a manifestation of many-body correlations. The impact of such preordering on crystal nucleation has recently attracted considerable attention. In this work, by extensive molecular dynamics simulations of TIP5P water, we find a two-step homogeneous nucleation of a ferroelectric ice crystal: the first step is spontaneous dipolar ordering, i.e., paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transition, in a supercooled liquid state and the second step is the nucleation of the ferroelectric ice crystal selectively in the preordered regions. We reveal that in this system the dipole-dipole correlation grows rapidly with an increase in pressure, eventually leading to spontaneous dipolar ordering at a certain condition (e.g., at 2000 bars and 227 K). This result is obtained by simulations of TIP5P water with a simple cutoff of Coulomb interactions. By comparing this result with those of the particle-mesh Ewald and reaction field treatments of the Coulomb interactions, we find that the potential cutoff significantly enhances the dipole-dipole correlation, resulting in the fast ice nucleation to the ferroelectric cubic form. Despite the unrealistic enhancement of dipolar correlation in this model, this work provides an intriguing physical scenario of two-step crystal nucleation in polar molecules assisted by dipolar orientational ordering, which may be relevant to crystallizations, e.g., under an external electric field, on a charged surface, or under extreme conditions.
An analogue of the two-constants theorem and optimal recovery of analytic functions
Authors: Akopyan R. R.
Published: July 2019

Several related extremal problems for analytic functions in a simply connected domain

with rectifiable Jordan boundary

are treated. The sharp inequality

is established between a value of an analytic function in the domain and the weighted integral norms of the restrictions of its boundary values to two measurable subsets

and

of the boundary of the domain. It is an analogue of the F. and R. Nevanlinna two-constants theorem. The corresponding problems of optimal recovery of a function from its approximate boundary values on

and of the best approximation to the functional of analytic extension of a function from the part of the boundary

into the domain are solved.

Bibliography: 35 titles.
A sliceness criterion for odd free knots
Authors: Manturov V. O. , Fedoseev D. A.
Published: July 2019

The problem of concordance and cobordism of knots is a well- known classical problem in low-dimensional topology. The purpose of this paper is to show that for odd free knots, that is, free knots with all intersections odd, the question of whether the knot is slice (concordant to a trivial knot) can be answered effectively by analysing pairing of the chords in a knot diagram.

Bibliography: 8 titles.
Flow structure and fish passage performance of a brush-type fish way: a field study in the İyidere River, Turkey
Authors: Kucukali Serhat , Verep Bülent , Alp Ahmet , Turan Davut , Mutlu Tanju , Kaya Cüneyt , Yıldırım Yasin , Töreyin Behçet Uğur , Özelçi Dursun
Published: July 2019

The fish passage performance and flow structure of a brush fish pass were investigated at the İncirli Small Hydropower Plant on the İyidere River, located in the East Black Sea region of Turkey. The spatial distributions of velocity vectors, power velocity, Froude number and turbulent kinetic energy are presented. The flow is quasi-uniform and subcritical, which provides different migration corridors with favourable hydraulic conditions; importantly for the fish, these corridors continue through the complete fish pass. The flow–bristle interaction creates a reduced velocity and low-turbulence resting zones. In addition, the passage efficiency of the brush fish pass was assessed using passive integrated transponder telemetry. The results clearly showed that upstream passage efficiency differs between fish species: Salmo coruhensis performed better than Alburnoides fasciatus on the same fish passage. The passage efficiency for the target fish species S. coruhensis was calculated to be 82.4%. The data revealed that the brush fish passage provides passage for small-bodied fish (total body length <15cm) in a high-gradient channel with a slope of 10%. The monitoring data revealed that bristles as flexible hydraulic elements are beneficial for migrating fish.
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), masculinity and relationship and sexual satisfaction: are sexual symptoms of LOH mediators of traditional masculinity on relationship and sexual satisfaction?
Authors: Costa P. A. , Garcia I. Q. , Pimenta F. , Marôco J. , Leal I.
Published: July 2019

Background
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is characterised by significant changes in the male life cycle, and may increase the likelihood of experiencing sexual difficulties. Further, it is assumed that traditional gender roles (masculinity) can affect the experience of sexual difficulties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of masculinity on sexual symptoms of LOH, as well as on sexual and relational satisfaction. Methods: A community sample of 460 Portuguese men aged between 40 and 91 years (mean (± s.d.) 51.64 ± 8.03 years) was collected. Correlation and moderation analyses were conducted to investigate relationships among the variables being studied. Results: There was an association between the sexual symptoms of LOH, masculinity and sexual and relationship satisfaction. Moderation analysis revealed direct relationships between masculinity and sexual and relationship satisfaction, as well as direct relationships between sexual symptoms of LOH and sexual and relationship satisfaction. However, sexual symptoms of LOH did not significantly moderate the relationships between masculinity and sexual and relationship satisfaction. Conclusions: These findings indicate the existence of a direct effect of both masculinity and sexual symptoms of LOH on sexual and relational satisfaction, although masculinity did not have an effect on sexual symptoms of LOH. The implications of these findings are discussed. Instrumentality as an indicator of masculinity was associated with relational and sexual satisfaction, suggesting the importance of involving a man’s partner in sexual dysfunction interventions.
Intravascular innate immune cells reprogrammed via intravenous nanoparticles to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Park Jonghyuck , Zhang Yining , Saito Eiji , Gurczynski Steve J. , Moore Bethany B. , Cummings Brian J. , Anderson Aileen J. , Shea Lonnie D.
Published: July 2019

Significance

Inflammatory responses, such as those following spinal cord injury (SCI), lead to extensive tissue damage that impairs function. Here, we present nanoparticles that target circulating immune cells acutely, with nanoparticles reprogramming the immune cell response. The polymeric nanoparticles are formed without an active pharmaceutical ingredient that can have off-target effects, and internalization redirects some immune cells to the spleen, with modest numbers at the SCI. Following intravenous delivery, immune cell infiltration is reduced, correlating with decreased tissue degeneration. Furthermore, the SCI develops into a permissive microenvironment characterized by proregenerative immune cell phenotypes, expression of regeneration associated genes, increased axons and myelination, and a substantially improved functional recovery. These nanoparticles may be applied to numerous inflammatory diseases.
Structure of KAP1 tripartite motif identifies molecular interfaces required for retroelement silencing
Authors: Stoll Guido A. , Oda Shun-ichiro , Chong Zheng-Shan , Yu Minmin , McLaughlin Stephen H. , Modis Yorgo
Published: July 2019

Transcription of transposable elements is tightly regulated to prevent genome damage. KRAB domain-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) and KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1/TRIM28) play a key role in regulating retrotransposons. KRAB-ZFPs recognize specific retrotransposon sequences and recruit KAP1, inducing the assembly of an epigenetic silencing complex, with chromatin remodeling activities that repress transcription of the targeted retrotransposon and adjacent genes. Our biophysical and structural data show that the tripartite motif (TRIM) of KAP1 forms antiparallel dimers, which further assemble into tetramers and higher-order oligomers in a concentration-dependent manner. Structure-based mutations in the B-box 1 domain prevent higher-order oligomerization without significant loss of retrotransposon silencing activity, indicating that, in contrast to other TRIM-family proteins, self-assembly is not essential for KAP1 function. The crystal structure of the KAP1 TRIM dimer identifies the KRAB domain binding site in the coiled-coil domain near the dyad. Mutations at this site abolished KRAB binding and transcriptional silencing activity of KAP1. This work identifies the interaction interfaces in the KAP1 TRIM responsible for self-association and KRAB binding and establishes their role in retrotransposon silencing.
Quantitative modelling predicts the impact of DNA methylation on RNA polymerase II traffic
Authors: Cholewa-Waclaw Justyna , Shah Ruth , Webb Shaun , Chhatbar Kashyap , Ramsahoye Bernard , Pusch Oliver , Yu Miao , Greulich Philip , Waclaw Bartlomiej , Bird Adrian P.
Published: July 2019

Patterns of gene expression are primarily determined by proteins that locally enhance or repress transcription. While many transcription factors target a restricted number of genes, others appear to modulate transcription levels globally. An example is MeCP2, an abundant methylated-DNA binding protein that is mutated in the neurological disorder Rett syndrome. Despite much research, the molecular mechanism by which MeCP2 regulates gene expression is not fully resolved. Here, we integrate quantitative, multidimensional experimental analysis and mathematical modeling to indicate that MeCP2 is a global transcriptional regulator whose binding to DNA creates “slow sites” in gene bodies. We hypothesize that waves of slowed-down RNA polymerase II formed behind these sites travel backward and indirectly affect initiation, reminiscent of defect-induced shockwaves in nonequilibrium physics transport models. This mechanism differs from conventional gene-regulation mechanisms, which often involve direct modulation of transcription initiation. Our findings point to a genome-wide function of DNA methylation that may account for the reversibility of Rett syndrome in mice. Moreover, our combined theoretical and experimental approach provides a general method for understanding how global gene-expression patterns are choreographed.
Discussing global warming leads to greater acceptance of climate science
Authors: Goldberg Matthew H. , van der Linden Sander , Maibach Edward , Leiserowitz Anthony
Published: July 2019

Climate change is an urgent global issue, with demands for personal, collective, and governmental action. Although a large body of research has investigated the influence of communication on public engagement with climate change, few studies have investigated the role of interpersonal discussion. Here we use panel data with 2 time points to investigate the role of climate conversations in shaping beliefs and feelings about global warming. We find evidence of reciprocal causality. That is, discussing global warming with friends and family leads people to learn influential facts, such as the scientific consensus that human-caused global warming is happening. In turn, stronger perceptions of scientific agreement increase beliefs that climate change is happening and human-caused, as well as worry about climate change. When assessing the reverse causal direction, we find that knowing the scientific consensus further leads to increases in global warming discussion. These findings suggest that climate conversations with friends and family enter people into a proclimate social feedback loop.
Constraints on the lexicons of human languages have cognitive roots present in baboons (
Papio papio
)
Authors: Chemla Emmanuel , Dautriche Isabelle , Buccola Brian , Fagot Joël
Published: July 2019

Using a pattern extraction task, we show that baboons, like humans, have a learning bias that helps them discover connected patterns more easily than disconnected ones—i.e., they favor rules like “contains between 40% and 80% red” over rules like “contains around 30% red or 100% red.” The task was made as similar as possible to a task previously run on humans, which was argued to reveal a bias that is responsible for shaping the lexicons of human languages, both content words (nouns and adjectives) and logical words (quantifiers). The current baboon result thus suggests that the cognitive roots responsible for regularities across the content and logical lexicons of human languages are present in a similar form in other species.
Rare dental trait provides morphological evidence of archaic introgression in Asian fossil record
Authors: Bailey Shara E. , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Antón Susan C.
Published: July 2019

The recently described Denisovan hemimandible from Xiahe, China [F. Chen et al., (2019)
Nature
569, 409–412], possesses an unusual dental feature: a 3-rooted lower second molar. A survey of the clinical and bioarchaeological literature demonstrates that the 3-rooted lower molar is rare (less than 3.5% occurrence) in non-Asian
Homo sapiens
. In contrast, its presence in Asian-derived populations can exceed 40% in China and the New World. It has long been thought that the prevalence of 3-rooted lower molars in Asia is a relatively late acquisition occurring well after the origin and dispersal of
H. sapiens
. However, the presence of a 3-rooted lower second molar in this 160,000-y-old fossil hominin suggests greater antiquity for the trait. Importantly, it also provides morphological evidence of a strong link between archaic and recent Asian
H. sapiens
populations. This link provides compelling evidence that modern Asian lineages acquired the 3-rooted lower molar via introgression from Denisovans.