bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Traditional Yiddish Folk Song
Authors: Lukin Michael
Published: February 2024

Eastern European Jews, dwellers of shtetls (small market towns), created a distinctive repertoire of traditional folk songs in eastern Yiddish that flourished from early modern times until the Holocaust. During this prolonged period, its various genres developed interconnections, both poetic and musical. Marked by conservatism and internal inspirations, traditional songs shared a creative adaptation of old western European elements, adopted before the Ashkenazi immigration to central-eastern Europe (i.e., before the sixteenth–seventeenth centuries), to their Slavic surroundings. A comparative analysis of poetics, music, performance contexts, and cultural backgrounds of three representative repertoires—lullabies, lyric songs, and ballads—reveals their idiosyncratic aesthetics and semiotics, which, although they cannot be confirmed by living members of the eastern European communities, can be deduced using an interdisciplinary approach, combining fieldwork among descendants and the examination of archival materials from folkloristic and historical-ethnomusicological perspectives.
The Silent Film Criticism of Siegfried Kracauer
Authors: von Moltke Johannes
Published: February 2024

Best-known in the English-speaking world as the author of two standard works of film theory, Siegfried Kracauer got his start reviewing countless films in the Frankfurter Zeitung during the 1920s. Across the arc of his career as a film critic through the coming of sound, Kracauer developed a clear set of themes and interests in the masses, media, and modernity. Reading his film reviews synoptically affords new insights into the film culture of the Weimar Republic as well as into the genesis of Kracauer’s later theories. Analyzing reviews of lost and forgotten popular fare as well as of films that the critic would deem paradigmatic of broader trends allows us to reassess generic developments and canon formation alike. Penned by an author who considered film criticism inseparable from social criticism, these reviews also provide insight into the politics of film and mass culture during Germany’s first experiment with democracy.
Organizational Metaphors of the Future
Authors: Örtenblad Anders
Published: February 2024

This chapter suggests a handful of types of studies within the area of organization studies in which metaphor and metaphors could play a central role: first, to construct a reflective overview of previously and presently used metaphors of organization; second, to construct sets of metaphors for organization for particular cultures, which would therefore make better sense to the cultural inhabitants than any existing set of metaphors; third, to create overviews of existing and/or alternative metaphors for certain aspects of organization, in terms of “metaphors we X by,” where X could stand for “recruit” or “work,” for example; fourth, to explore any metaphor for organization, or any aspect thereof, as a “root metaphor,” in which everything would be colored by the chosen metaphor; fifth, to consider how the use of metaphor could be reflected upon through the use of metaphors itself—that is, metaphors we metaphorize by, or “meta-metaphors.”
Gender Differences in Negotiations
Authors: Kugler Katharina G. , Reif Julia A. M. , Mazei Jens
Published: February 2024

Would you consider initiating a negotiation with your boss about a salary increase after having successfully completed a large-scale project? Do you actually feel pressure to do so? On average, more men than women answer “yes” to both questions. Not only do men initiate more negotiations than women, they are also—again on average—more competitive and more successful in negotiations than women. Whereas women feel personal and social pressure to not negotiate (assertively) in order to avoid violating their female gender role, men may feel pressured to do exactly that in order to maintain their manhood. These gender differences in negotiations are viewed as one cause of politically charged phenomena like the “gender wage gap” or “labyrinth,” which reflects the myriad obstacles that women face throughout their careers. This chapter outlines theoretical foundations explaining gender differences in negotiations. In addition, it reviews empirical evidence for gender differences, focusing on recent meta-analyses that summarize the empirical studies available about that topic. Thereby, the chapter attends to the different phases of the negotiation process, including the initiation, the actual negotiation episode, the outcome, and the aftermath. Last but not least, the chapter highlights conditions under which gender differences are altered or even disappear. Such conditions point to starting points for organizational interventions to foster equal opportunities by reducing gender differences.
Public Opinion and Legitimacy
Authors: Smyth Russell
Published: February 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the current state of the literature on public opinion and legitimacy of the courts. It begins by outlining the competing theoretical perspectives and giving an overview of the state of the empirical literature for different courts and countries. It then proceeds to examine the main data and methodological issues that have occupied the literature, outlines the main findings, and provides a discussion of the challenges facing the literature. A major theme that emerges is that the competing theoretical perspectives have produced conflicting results, leaving the literature in a state of flux on key issues such as the stability of legitimacy over time, the importance of policy disagreement, and the relationship between diffuse and specific support. The chapter concludes by mapping a potential path forward with a plea for researchers on both sides of the theoretical divide to iron out their methodological differences, including agreeing on an appropriate measure of legitimacy that can inform future research.
“Side by Side with the Profoundest Thinkers”
Authors: Bensick Carol M.
Published: February 2024

This chapter considers the significance of post-bellum city philosophical societies to women’s philosophical lecturing by exploring Amalie J. Hathaway’s lectures to the Chicago Philosophical Society on Kant, Hegel, automatism, and pessimism between 1875-1881. Hathaway took courses as a special student at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, which had just opened to women. Her knowledge of philosophy and of German earned her an invitation to lecture to the Chicago Society. She also lectured at the Concord Summer School of Philosophy. Her lecture, on Schopenhauer, at Concord was published in a new Boston journal titled Education: An International Magazine. This chapter reflects upon the American context of Hathaway’s choice to speak on Schopenhauer at Concord and on her approach to him given his contemporary academic reception. It also considers where Hathaway’s career might have gone had she not died, at the age of forty-one, four months after her Concord appearance.
Abolitionism, Antiracism, Feminism, and Rights by Analogy: From Mary Wollstonecraft to Anna Julia Cooper
Authors: Deutscher Penelope
Published: February 2024

Analogies are sometimes assumed to be an inconsequential element of philosophical argumentation: mere ornament or figure of speech. But this is to undercalculate their historical importance within many domains, such as feminist rights vindications formulated by nineteenth-century and late eighteenth-century political and philosophical thinkers. In this context, the use of analogies is not trivial, but organized significant (albeit problematic) aspects of these systems of thought. The chapter opens with a critical review of the role within white abolitionist feminisms of figurative references to slavery, their implicit philosophical commitments, and their critical evaluation, particularly by Black feminist traditions of thought. The chapter gives attention to the connected role of analogization and capacity-based arguments within rights vindications. Figures discussed include Mary Wollstonecraft, the Grimké sisters, Maria Stewart, Harriet Taylor Mill, Lydia Maria Child, Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Anna Julia Cooper. The chapter argues that by differentiating their use of analogies, including their role and their range, we can better recognize an additional collective critical dialogue concerning both the content and the means of argumentation in which late eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century women philosophers contributed, innovated, and debated—even where they did not address each other directly.
Twelver Shi‘a in Turkey
Authors: Williamson Fa Stefan
Published: February 2024

Despite their historical and sizable presence in parts of the country, Twelver Shi‘a Muslims, or Caferis, are practically absent from the scholarly literature on religion in Turkey. As a predominantly Turkish-speaking Muslim community, albeit a denominational minority, Shi‘a are not officially recognized by the Turkish state. They have therefore faced barriers to the construction and management of their own mosques and public expressions of religious difference. This chapter provides an overview of Twelver Shi‘a in Turkey over the last century, tracing the ways the community has navigated its position in the Turkish public sphere vis-à-vis the state and other religious groups. It also provides insight into Shi‘i piety and religious life by ethnographically highlighting sensory-aesthetics forms and practices of devotion to the Family of the Prophet (Ehl-i Beyt), a distinguishing feature of Twelver Shi‘i religiosity.
Rethinking Transitional Justice with the Insights of Political Sociology
Authors: Rowen Jamie
Published: February 2024

This chapter tackles the rethinking of transitional justice with the insights of political sociologyto deepen understanding of the processes of social change occurring outside established political structures. In Colombia, similar to other countries that have decided to create truth commissions or tribunals under the banner of transitional justice, most of the push for a transitional justice intervention was locally. Thus, domestic actors were critical in ensuring the government did not ignore their calls for truth, justice, and reparation. The chapter argues that an actor-focused approach in studying transitional justice in Colombia reveals the vertical and horizontal dimensions of political power.
Performance Matters in Transitional Times
Authors: Cole Catherine M.
Published: February 2024

This chapter highlights the importance of performance in legal performance and transitional justice. According to Alexander Laban Hinton, transitional justice forms as assemblages of discourses, institutions, capital flows, technologies, practices and people devoted to providing redress for mass human rights violations and enabling a transformation of a society from its violent past to a better future. Thus, time-based activities that involve bodies assembled in specific spaces and times are central to any consideration of performance in transitional times. The chapter references the Korean survivors of military sexual slavery to demonstrate how performance can serve as a corrective to the failings of the state transitional justice processes. It elaborates on the benefits and limitations of performance as it can either be an asset or undermine human rights.
Transitional Justice in African Contexts through the Institutionalization of Emotional Affects
Authors: Clarke Kamari Maxine
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores transitional justice in African contexts through the institutionalization of emotional affects. Over time, the development of the rule of law has led to an increased demand for global justice involving the expansion of judicial institutions. The term transitional justice correlates to a constellation of legalistic modalities ranging from criminal trials to amnesties. The chapter elaborates on the key concepts concerning the African Transitional Justice framework, which focuses on African governance concerned over injustice and inequality in the global order and the use of Pan-Africanist emotional affects. It considers how consistent patterns of controversy and conflict within justice narratives forced the re-examination of the making of international justice frameworks.
Cambodia
Authors: McCarthy Stephen , Un Kheang
Published: February 2024

Cambodia’s constitution reflects the efforts of Western governments, international organizations, and negotiators to reach a lasting solution to decades of civil war and foreign occupation. Although it was drafted along the lines of Western liberal democratic principles and the rule of law, the government’s adherence to the constitution has been problematic due to the country severely lacking in legal capacity, experience with democratic governance, and conception of substantive rule of law principles. Constitutional amendments have been undertaken with the aims of resolving conflicts among elites and supporting the ruling Cambodian People’s Party. While Cambodian leaders argue that concepts like rule of law should be defined in ways that reflect the country’s cultural values and level of development, legal development has been challenged by decades of social, political, and economic turmoil, patronage-based politics, and an increasingly dominant executive power as liberalizing foreign influences on the legal system have dwindled.
The Catholic Church and the Irish State, 1916–1973
Authors: Corráin Daithí Ó
Published: February 2024

Three broad phases can be discerned in the Catholic Church’s relations with the state. During the Irish Revolution (1916–21), it faced the conundrum of obeying the legally constituted government while supporting nationalist political aspirations to supplant the imperial state. In independent Ireland, the church played a significant role in the state-building project. In return, its predominance in education, health, and welfare remained undisturbed until the 1960s. A combination of domestic socio-economic transformation and the impact of the Second Vatican Council altered the context of church-state relations from the mid 1960s and led to the dismantling of legislative and constitutional support for a Catholic ethos. One manifestation of this was the symbolic removal of the special position accorded to the Catholic Church in the constitution in 1972. Another was the acknowledgement by the hierarchy in 1973, for the first time, that the state should not be the guardian of private morality.
Sectarianism and Conflict
Authors: Morrow Duncan , Ganiel Gladys
Published: February 2024

This chapter analyses the structure and legacy of sectarianism on the island, especially in Northern Ireland after partition. It is situated within wider conceptual discussions of sectarianism, which push definitions beyond prejudiced attitudes towards understanding it as an all-encompassing system that structures society, politics, and economics. It also considers the role of the churches in contributing to and addressing sectarianism. While it could be argued that churches served as ‘chaplains to the tribe’ in some instances, others within the churches developed sophisticated analyses of sectarianism and advocated for reconciliation. Early in the twenty-first century, inter-church relationships are at a historic high and some aspects of Northern Ireland’s sectarian structures have been transformed. But sectarianism persists, threatening the island’s fragile peace.
The Adaptive Landscape of Human Migration
Authors: Bell Adrian V.
Published: February 2024

One of the central problems addressed by cultural evolution is understanding how individuals or groups successfully adapt to socio-ecological variation. The earliest models asked what types of learning would be expected if environments shifted or when encountering new environments. These efforts predicted timely use of both imitation and individual learning, a mixed learning strategy with its general disposition dependent on the rate of environmental change. Today more individuals encounter ever-more diverse environments and changing climates at highly variable rates. As these and more recent models suggest, individuals may use a variety of learning mechanisms to acquire beneficial behaviours, though not entirely free of errors. While today’s situation presents a sense of urgency, confronting environmental variation is a problem encountered throughout the history of Homo sapiens. In fact, it is possible that any cultural species has been shaped by the migration process because being adept movers would require mixed learning strategies and cultural norms that respond to the details of movement. The author explores this possibility by reviewing the general products of the migration process and what cultural evolutionary mechanisms may be at play.
Functional Recovery of Adults Following Acute COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Middleton Sophie , Chalitsios Christos V , Mungale Tanvi , Hassanein Zeinab M , Jenkins Alex R , Bolton Charlotte E , McKeever Tricia M
Published: February 2024

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the objective, functional recovery of patients more than 3 months after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methods

Comprehensive database searches of EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, CINAHL, and Google Scholar in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement were carried out until October 19, 2022. Data were extracted and agreed in duplicate. Data were narratively synthesized, and a series of meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects inverse variance method.

Results

One-hundred six papers covering 20,063 patients, who were either hospitalized or not hospitalized with acute COVID-19 and were followed-up between 3 and 24 months, were included. Percentage predicted 6-minute walk distance at 3 months to <5 months was 84.3% (95% CI = 79.2–89.3; n = 21; I2 = 98.3%) and 92.5% (95% CI = 89.8–95.3; n = 9; I2 = 94.5%) at ≥11 months. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed the percentage predicted peak oxygen consumption rate ($peak\dot{\mathsf{V}}{\mathsf{o}}_{\mathsf{2}}$) at 3 months to <5 months was 77.3% (95% CI = 71.0–83.7; n = 6; I2 = 92.3%) and 95.4% (95% CI = 87.1–103.6; n = 2; I2 = 77.3%) at ≥11 months. Mean handgrip strength was greatest at ≥11 months at 31.16 kg (95% CI = 19.89–42.43; n = 2; I2 = 98.3%) of all time points. All analyses showed marked heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Patients have reduced physical function more than 3 months after COVID-19 infection. Better physical function in multiple physical domains is found after a longer recovery time.

Impact

Physical function as measured by the 6-minute walk test, hand grip strength, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing is reduced at 3 months after COVID-19 infection and can remain over 11 months of follow-up. This protracted recovery following acute COVID-19 infection supports the need to assess physical function at any clinical follow-up, and further research into rehabilitation programs and intervention for patients who have not recovered.
A practical guide to the trauma-informed physical examination
Authors: Soran Diana
Published: February 2024

About two-thirds of patients have a trauma history, such as experiencing abuse or community violence. Clinicians must be knowledgeable about trauma because of its high prevalence and long-lasting effect on patients. The medical encounter can be triggering for patients with a history of trauma, especially when power differentials are intensified, such as during the physical examination. Clinicians can improve the interaction by incorporating simple trauma-informed techniques, such as adjusting communication, positioning, and contact during the physical examination. These modifications foster a sense of patient safety and collaborative decision-making. This article describes the background of trauma-informed care and outlines trauma-informed techniques for physical examinations.
Original Research: Nurses' Attitudes Toward Brain Drain and the Associated Factors
Authors: Ulupinar Sevim , Şen Yağmur , Eycan Özgül
Published: February 2024

Background:

Brain drain refers to the emigration of scientists and other educated professionals from a low- or middle-income country to a high-income country for work. In recent years, this trend has increased, particularly in the health care arena. Prior studies among nurses and nursing students indicate that migration mainly occurs from low- and lower middle-income countries to high-income countries. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of Turkish nurses, nurse academics, and nursing students toward brain drain and the factors associated with these attitudes.

Methods:

The study used a mixed-methods research design. The quantitative part of the study was conducted with 1,018 participants. The qualitative part was conducted with 26 participants from the larger sample who volunteered for focus group interviews. Data were collected from June through August 2022 using an online survey, the Attitude Scale for Brain Drain, and a semistructured interview guide.

Results:

Of all participants, 84.3% indicated that they wanted to work and live abroad. Nearly 95% stated that there was a risk of brain drain in the nursing profession, with economic factors given as the most significant reason. As age and years of professional experience increased, brain drain tendency decreased. Nurses and nursing students had higher brain drain tendencies than nurse academics. In focus group interviews, participants reported concern that the brain drain might lead to losses in the qualified nursing workforce and increase the workload for the remaining nurses in the migrant-sending country, while cultural adaptation issues can be difficult for nurses in the migrant-receiving country.

Conclusions:

Brain drain in the nursing profession continues to be a current, crucial problem. This study showed that among Turkish nurses, nursing students, and nurse academics, the desire to work abroad was quite high, and all three groups had high brain drain tendency scores. Brain drain has serious consequences for both migrant-receiving and migrant-sending countries. These findings can help inform the development of initiatives aimed at preventing or mitigating nursing brain drain.
Integrating Trauma-Informed Spiritual Care
Authors: Boateng Augustine Cassis Obeng
Published: February 2024

A call for a comprehensive practice that treats the whole person
First Cell-Based Gene Therapy Approved for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Roush Karen
Published: February 2024

At more than $2 million, cost may be a barrier to treatment.
Barriers to Leadership for Women in Health Care
Authors: Roush Karen
Published: February 2024

Research shows gender stereotypes help men advance more quickly.
Abortion Care in the Dobbs Era
Authors: Fink Jennifer
Published: February 2024

Nurses are at the front line.
Infection Control Nursing
Authors: Conway Rashida
Published: February 2024

These nurses prevent patients from contracting avoidable infections.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Alternating Pressure Overlay in Patients Undergoing Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: White Kristen , Fonseca Maria Alcina , Petzoldt Olivia , Cooper Lise
Published: February 2024

Local problem:

In 2019 and the first half of 2020, our facility experienced an increase in the number and severity of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) among our cardiothoracic surgery population. Fifty percent of these HAPIs occurred within 72 hours of surgery. A review of the literature revealed that alternating pressure overlays (APOs) have been successfully used to prevent HAPIs in surgical patients.

Purpose:

The primary purpose of our quality improvement (QI) project was to measure perioperative HAPI rates in cardiothoracic surgery patients after the addition of APOs to our HAPI prevention protocol. Our secondary purpose was to identify common factors among those patients who developed HAPIs.

Methods:

This QI project collected both pre- and postintervention data and compared the findings. A nurse-led team was responsible for measuring HAPI rates during the intervention—from July through October 2020—which involved placing an APO under cardiothoracic surgery patients during the 72-hour perioperative period. APOs were placed on all operating room (OR) tables and remained with the patients following surgery. Bed linens and skin care products were standardized for consistency. Lifts were used to reduce friction during repositioning.

Results:

During preintervention data collection, we identified 10 patients who developed HAPIs (seven out of 1,174 cardiothoracic surgery patients in 2019, for a HAPI rate of 0.6%, and three out of 333 patients in the first half of 2020, for a HAPI rate of 0.9%). During the four-month intervention period, in which APOs were used in 331 patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery, no HAPIs developed.

Conclusion:

Use of an APO in cardiothoracic ORs and critical care units may help reduce HAPI rates.
Ethical Research and the Institutional Review Board: An Introduction
Authors: Capili Bernadette , Anastasi Joyce K.
Published: February 2024

Editor's note: This is the 20th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice—from research design to data interpretation. To see all the articles in the series, go to https://links.lww.com/AJN/A204.
Interventions Needed to Relieve Distress in Patients Receiving Noninvasive Ventilation
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: February 2024

According to this study:
Impact of staffing shortage on patient safety sitters
Authors: Thomas Anna L. , Giuffrida Patricia , Giannini Robert C. , Graham Kelly C.
Published: February 2024

Patient safety sitters play a crucial role in observing patients at risk for self-harm or harm to others. This article explores the impact of staffing shortages on patient safety sitters, discussing a review of 163 patient safety events. The findings underscore the need for adequate staffing levels and propose solutions, including alternative measures like tele-sitters and increased family involvement, to mitigate the challenges posed by these shortages and improve overall patient safety and care quality.
“The Only Reason I Am Willing to Do It at All”: Evaluation of VA's SUpporting Primary care Providers in Opioid Risk reduction and Treatment (SUPPORT) Center
Authors: Williams Emily C. , Frost Madeline C. , Danner Anissa N. , Lott Aline M. K. , Achtmeyer Carol E. , Hood Carly L. , Malte Carol A. , Saxon Andrew J. , Hawkins Eric J.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is effective and recommended for outpatient settings. We implemented and evaluated the SUpporting Primary care Providers in Opioid Risk reduction and Treatment (SUPPORT) Center—a quality improvement partnership to implement stepped care for MOUD in 2 Veterans Health Administration (VA) primary care (PC) clinics.

Methods

SUPPORT provided a dedicated clinical team (nurse practitioner prescriber and social worker) and stepped care ([1] identification, assessment, referral; [2] MOUD induction; [3] stabilization; and [4] maintenance supporting PC providers [PCPs] to initiate and/or sustain treatment) coupled with ongoing internal facilitation (consultation, trainings, informatics support). Qualitative interviews with stakeholders (PCPs and patients) and meeting notes identified barriers and facilitators to implementation. Electronic health record and patient tracking data measured reach, adoption, and implementation outcomes descriptively.

Results

SUPPORT's implementation barriers included the need for an X-waiver, VA's opioid tapering policies, patient and PCP knowledge gaps and PCP discomfort, and logistical compatibility and sustainability challenges for clinics. SUPPORT's dedicated clinical staff, ongoing internal facilitation, and high patient and PCP satisfaction were key facilitators. SUPPORT (January 2019 to September 2021) trained 218 providers; 63 received X-waivers, and 23 provided MOUD (10.5% of those trained). SUPPORT provided care to 167 patients, initiated MOUD for 33, and provided education and naloxone to 72 (all = 0 in year before launch).

Conclusions

SUPPORT reached many PCPs and patients and resulted in small increases in MOUD prescribing and high levels of stakeholder satisfaction. Dedicated clinical staff was key to observed successes. Although resource-intensive, SUPPORT offers a potential model for outpatient MOUD provision.
Estradiol associations with brain functional connectivity in postmenopausal women
Authors: Testo Abigail A. , Makarewicz Jenna , McGee Elizabeth , Dumas Julie A.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Previous studies have found that estrogens play a role in functional connectivity in the brain; however, little research has been done regarding how estradiol is associated with functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between estradiol and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women.

Methods

Structural and blood oxygenation level–dependent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans of 88 cognitively healthy postmenopausal individuals were obtained along with blood samples collected the same day as the magnetic resonance imaging to assess hormone levels. We generated connectivity values in CONN toolbox version 20.b, an SPM-based software.

Results

A regression analysis was run using estradiol level and regions of interest (ROI), including the hippocampus, parahippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Estradiol level was found to enhance parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left functional connectivity during ROI-to-ROI regression analysis. Estradiol enhanced functional connectivity between the parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left and the precuneus as well as the parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left and parahippocampal gyrus posterior division right. An exploratory analysis showed that years since the final menstrual period was related to enhanced connectivity between regions within the frontoparietal network.

Conclusions

These results illustrated the relationship between estradiol level and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. They have implications for understanding how the functioning of the brain changes for individuals after menopause that may eventually lead to changes in cognition and behavior in older ages.
Effects of Acute Sleep Deprivation on the Physiological Response to Woodsmoke and Exercise
Authors: Sol Joseph A. , Covington Anna C. , McCloy Aidan D.A. , Sessums Izaac P. , Malek Elias M. , McGinnis Graham R. , Quindry John C.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To evaluate sleep deprivation effects on the acute physiological response to a combined stressor of woodsmoke and exercise.

Methods

Ten participants completed two exercise trials (8 hours of sleep vs 4 hours) with woodsmoke. Trials were conducted in a crossover design. Key measures examined before and after each trial included heart rate variability, pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, pulmonary function testing, and oxidative stress.

Results

Acute sleep deprivation experienced before exercise and woodsmoke exposure did not impact metrics of heart rate variability, pulse wave velocity, pulmonary function testing, blood pressure, or oxidative stress.

Conclusions

Acute sleep deprivation did not amplify physiologic metrics in response to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with inhaled woodsmoke. Although findings do not eliminate the negative impacts of inhaling woodsmoke, more research is needed to understand the acute effects of woodsmoke exposure on the cardiovascular system.
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Patient Characteristics and Early Clinical Outcomes With Impella 5.5: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kwon Jennie H. , Bentley Dana , Cevasco Marisa , Blumer Vanessa , Kanwar Manreet K. , Silvestry Scott C. , Daneshmand Mani A. , Abraham Jacob , Shorbaji Khaled , Kilic Arman
Published: February 2024

Data regarding outcomes with Impella 5.5 are limited. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize patient and treatment characteristics and early clinical outcomes among patients supported by Impella 5.5. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from September 2019 to March 2023. Studies reporting outcomes in greater than or equal to 5 patients were included for review. Patient characteristics, treatment characteristics, and early clinical outcomes were extracted. Outcomes included adverse events, survival to hospital discharge, and 30 day survival. Random-effect models were used to estimate pooled effects for survival outcomes. Assessment for bias was performed using funnel plots and Egger’s tests. Fifteen studies were included for qualitative review, representing 707 patients. Mean duration of support was 9.9 ± 8.2 days. On meta-analysis of 13 studies reporting survival outcomes, survival to hospital discharge was 68% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58–78%), and 30 day survival was 65% (95% CI, 56–74%) among patients with Impella devices predominantly supported by Impella 5.5 (>60%). There was significant study heterogeneity for these outcomes. Among 294 patients with Impella 5.5 only, survival to discharge was 78% (95% CI, 72–82%) with no significant study heterogeneity. This data present early benchmarks for outcomes with Impella 5.5 as clinical experience with these devices accrues.
Glucose Metabolism of Hippocampal Subfields in Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Lee Tse-Hao , Shih Yen-Cheng , Lu Yi-Jiun , Chou Chien-Chen , Lee Cheng-Chia , Yu Hsiang-Yu , Peng Syu-Jyun
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Reduced glucose metabolism in the hippocampus is commonly observed in cases of medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Glucose metabolism among the various hippocampal subfields has not been thoroughly investigated.

Patients and Methods

This study examined 29 patients (18 females; 15–58 years) diagnosed with HS who underwent surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy. FreeSurfer 7.1.1 was used in the processing of MRI data and 18F-FDG PET scans to derive volumetric data and the FDG SUVr in the whole hippocampus and hippocampal subfields, including the CA1, CA2-4, granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG), and subiculum. Asymmetries in the volume and SUVr between the 2 sides from the subfields of the hippocampus were defined in terms of an asymmetry index. Comparisons of the asymmetry index among these regions were performed. The correlations between asymmetry index values and postoperative outcomes and presurgical neuropsychological test results were also evaluated.

Result

The CA1, CA2-4, subiculum, GC-ML-DG, and whole hippocampus presented reductions in volume and hypometabolism ipsilateral to MTLE. Asymmetries in volume and SUVr were significantly less pronounced in the CA1 and subiculum than in the CA2-4 or GC-ML-DG. Postoperative seizure outcomes were not correlated with the asymmetry index for volume or SUVr in any hippocampal subfield. In cases of left MTLE, scores of immediate logical memory and delayed logical memory were positively correlated with the asymmetry index for SUVr in the following subfields: CA1 (R = 0.829, P = 0.021; R = 0.770, P = 0.043), CA2-4 (R = 0.825, P = 0.022; R = 0.894, P = 0.007), subiculum (R = 0.882, P = 0.009; R = 0.853, P = 0.015), GC-ML-DG (R = 0.850, P = 0.015; R = 0.796, P = 0.032), and whole hippocampus (R = 0.841, P = 0.018; R = 0.822, P = 0.023). In cases of right MTLE, the scores for delayed face memory were positively correlated with the asymmetry index for SUVr in the subiculum (R = 0.935, P = 0.006).

Conclusions

In cases of HS, changes in glucose metabolism levels varied among the hippocampal subfields. Asymmetries in glucose metabolism among the CA-1, CA2-4, subiculum, and GC-ML-DG subregions were correlated with scores for verbal memory among patients with left MTLE. Asymmetric glucose metabolism in the subiculum was also correlated with visual memory scores among patients with right MTLE.
Extracting the electronic structure signal from X-ray and electron scattering in the gas phase
Authors: Northey Thomas , Kirrander Adam , Weber Peter M.
Published: February 2024

X-ray and electron scattering from free gas-phase molecules is examined using the independent atom model (IAM) and ab initio electronic structure calculations. The IAM describes the effect of the molecular geometry on the scattering, but does not account for the redistribution of valence electrons due to, for instance, chemical bonding. By examining the total, i.e. energy-integrated, scattering from three molecules, fluoroform (CHF3), 1,3-cyclohexadiene (C6H8) and naphthalene (C10H8), the effect of electron redistribution is found to predominantly reside at small-to-medium values of the momentum transfer (q ≤ 8 Å−1) in the scattering signal, with a maximum percent difference contribution at 2 ≤ q ≤ 3 Å−1. A procedure to determine the molecular geometry from the large-q scattering is demonstrated, making it possible to more clearly identify the deviation of the scattering from the IAM approximation at small and intermediate q and to provide a measure of the effect of valence electronic structure on the scattering signal.
Optimization of synchrotron radiation parameters using swarm intelligence and evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Karaca Adnan Sahin , Bostanci Erkan , Ketenoglu Didem , Harder Manuel , Canbay Ali Can , Ketenoglu Bora , Eren Engin , Aydin Ayhan , Yin Zhong , Guzel Mehmet Serdar , Martins Michael
Published: February 2024

Alignment of each optical element at a synchrotron beamline takes days, even weeks, for each experiment costing valuable beam time. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs), efficient heuristic search methods based on Darwinian evolution, can be utilized for multi-objective optimization problems in different application areas. In this study, the flux and spot size of a synchrotron beam are optimized for two different experimental setups including optical elements such as lenses and mirrors. Calculations were carried out with the X-ray Tracer beamline simulator using swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms and for comparison the same setups were optimized with EAs. The EAs and SI algorithms used in this study for two different experimental setups are the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). While one of the algorithms optimizes the lens position, the other focuses on optimizing the focal distances of Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors. First, mono-objective evolutionary algorithms were used and the spot size or flux values checked separately. After comparison of mono-objective algorithms, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II was run for both objectives – minimum spot size and maximum flux. Every algorithm configuration was run several times for Monte Carlo simulations since these processes generate random solutions and the simulator also produces solutions that are stochastic. The results show that the PSO algorithm gives the best values over all setups.
Novel correction procedure for compensating thermal contraction errors in the measurement of the magnetic field of superconducting undulator coils in a liquid helium cryostat
Authors: Marchetti Barbara , Baader Johann , Casalbuoni Sara , Yakopov Grigory , Yakopov Mikhail
Published: February 2024

Superconducting undulators (SCUs) can offer a much higher on-axis undulator field than state-of-the-art cryogenic permanent-magnet undulators with the same period and vacuum gap. The development of shorter-period and high-field SCUs would allow the free-electron laser and synchrotron radiation source community to reduce both the length of undulators and the dimensions of the accelerator. Magnetic measurements are essential for characterizing the magnetic field quality of undulators for operation in a modern light source. Hall probe scanning is so far the most mature technique for local field characterization of undulators. This article focuses on the systematic error caused by thermal contraction that influences Hall probe measurements carried out in a liquid helium cryostat. A novel procedure, based on the redundant measurement of the magnetic field using multiple Hall probes at known relative distance, is introduced for the correction of such systematic error.
Reimagining work but operating with a no off button: experiences of working mothers in India during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Purang Pooja , Chittem Mahati , Narsimhan Haripriya
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study focuses on the work from home experiences of professional, middle and upper middle class married women with children in India during the COVID-19-induced lockdowns. This study aims to examine the experiences of changing nature of work and gendered realities of work–life balance for working mothers while working from home during the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight working mothers at three different time points during the lockdown in the city of Hyderabad in India.

Findings

A thematic analysis revealed changed work practices that required adapting, reinventing and reimagining new ways of working. This was time consuming albeit a satisfying experience for working mothers. At the same time, the blurring between home and work meant working mothers were operating without an off button.

Research limitations/implications

The findings show that the existing gender inequalities in sharing the domestic burden unravelled fast in the absence of support structures.

Originality/value

The authors give voice to the lived experiences of working mothers of managing both work and home and how they navigated challenges during the lockdown.
Parents’ perspectives on adolescent social emotional learning: an explorative qualitative study amongst parents of students in prevocational secondary education
Authors: van de Sande Marion Cornelia , Pars-Van Weeterloo Esther , Diekstra Rene F.W. , Gravesteijn Carolien , Kocken Paul L. , Reis Ria , Fekkes Minne
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Worldwide, schools implement social-emotional learning programs to enhance students' social-emotional skills. Although parents play an essential role in teaching these skills, knowledge about their perspectives on social-emotional learning is limited. In providing insight into the perspectives of parents from adolescent students this paper adds to this knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

An explorative qualitative study was conducted to gain insight into parents' perspectives (N = 32) on adolescent social-emotional learning. A broadly used professional framework for social emotional learning was used as a frame of reference in interviews with parents from diverse backgrounds. Within and across case analyses were applied to analyze the interviews.

Findings

A conceptual model of four social-emotional skills constructs considered crucial learning by parents emerged from the data: respectful behavior, cooperation, self-knowledge and self-reliance. Parents' language, interpretations and orderings of skills indicate that the model underlying these constructs differs from skills embedded in the professional framework.

Research limitations/implications

Participants were small in number and mainly female. Therefore, more research is necessary to test the model in other parent populations.

Practical implications

The social-emotional skills students in prevocational secondary education learn at home differ from those targeted in SEL programs. Engaging students’ parents in SEL program implementation is indicated to align the skills taught at home and school. Preparing teachers to implement such programs requires training them on engaging parents from diverse backgrounds.

Originality/value

The study is one of the first providing insight into parents’ perspectives on SEL, the social-emotional skills deemed crucial to master for adolescents, and the roles they view for themselves and school on teaching these skills.
Exploring the perceived importance of neuroscientific research on addictions in legal contexts: a survey of US criminal justice students and German legal professionals
Authors: Ochterbeck Doris , Berryessa Colleen M. , Forberger Sarah
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Neuroscientific research on addictions has prompted a paradigm shift from a moral to a medical understanding – with substantial implications for legal professionals’ interactions with and decision-making surrounding individuals with addiction. This study complements prior work on US defense attorney’s understandings of addiction by investigating two further perspectives: the potential “next generation” of legal professionals in the USA (criminal justice undergraduates) and legal professionals from another system (Germany). This paper aims to assess their views on the brain disease model of addiction, dominance and relevance of this model, the responsibility of affected persons and preferred sources of information.

Design/methodology/approach

Views of 74 US criminal justice undergraduate students and 74 German legal professionals were assessed using Likert scales and open-ended questions in an online survey.

Findings

Neuroscientific research findings on addictions and views that addiction is a brain disease were rated as significantly more relevant by American students to their potential future work than by German legal professionals. However, a majority of both samples agreed that addiction is a brain disease and that those affected are responsible for their condition and actions. Sources of information most frequently used by both groups were publications in legal academic journals.

Practical implications

In the USA, information for legal professionals needs to be expanded and integrated into the education of its “next generation,” while in Germany it needs to be developed and promoted. Legal academic journals appear to play a primary role in the transfer of research on addiction into legal practice.

Originality/value

This study complements prior work on US defense attorney’s understandings of addiction by investigating two further perspectives.
Tourist perceptions of health-safety risks in a time of pandemic
Authors: Dalle Nogare Chiara , Scuderi Raffaele
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has induced tourism destinations to reconsider organisational aspects related to health safety measures, as perceptions of health safety may have become particularly important for tourists. Using data from summer 2020, the period immediately after the outbreak of the pandemic, we investigate the factors that affected tourist perceptions of health safety.

Design/methodology/approach

Data come from a survey of tourist-card holders in Trentino, an Italian mountain destination. Through regressions, we assess the conditional correlation between health safety measure evaluations following a holiday and a set of covariates related to the features of the tourist area and the tourists themselves, as well as COVID-19 incidence in their province of residence in the months before the holiday.

Findings

Tourist-related features seem not to impact on perceived health safety, whereas some destination- and accommodation-related elements do. In particular, the number of tourist beds affects it negatively, and staying at a hotel does it in a positive way. COVID-19 incidence in one’s home province does not affect perceptions of health safety measures, which suggests a possible sample selection effect and/or the need for more fine-grained data.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the few on the immediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic using data from a large sample of actual tourists. Our findings point out the importance of the intrinsic features of some places and accommodation in influencing perceptions of safety. We discuss implications for scholars and destination managers.