bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of geographical distribution of the population in Czechia after 2000: post-transformation tendencies?
Authors: Hampl Martin , Müller Jan
Published: January 2020

The change of the societal system after 1989 is fundamentally reflected in the geographical distribution of the economy and settlement. The transformations were dramatic in the last decade of the 20th century, both in the redistribution of the economy and in the qualitative re-evaluation of hierarchy of centers and metropolitan areas. After 2000, the deepening of geographic differentiation was considerably reduced, but it became complex in nature: following the radical changes economic distribution there was also an increased differentiation in the development of the population. In this sense, it is possible to distinguish the period of the 1990s as a transformation period in its narrower concept; and, after 2000 post-transformation period, as a period with a limited range of transformations – but with a longer-term developmental orientation.
Industrial and Systems Engineering Review - Guest Editorial
Authors: Evangelista Paul
Published: January 2020

This special issue of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Review (ISER) represents a collection of exemplary undergraduate research, engineering, and analysis.  The Department of Systems Engineering at the United States Military Academy hosts an annual conference to showcase projects completed by graduating seniors.  The best papers from this conference are invited to publish in this special issue, and the present collection, comprising entirely of defense related topics, represents eight outstanding papers that summarize project results.  Three different themes emerge from these papers:  future systems development, talent management, and threat analysis.
From the Classroom to the Tip of the Spear – Designing a System to Track USMA’s Intellectual Capital
Authors: Amason Benjamin , Ellwood Garrick , Lopoo David , McKee Matthew , Dabkowski Matthew
Published: January 2020

As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and unstable, the US Army’s mission becomes more complex. This reality, when coupled with a smaller force, is increasing the Army’s reliance on foreign partners and its need for non-traditional skills. Given these challenges, deployed units often offset capability gaps using “reachback,” the act of contacting external organizations for critical expertise. Based on recent support to the 1st Infantry Division in Iraq, the United States Military Academy (USMA) possesses considerable reachback potential; however, to fulfill such requests, USMA must first understand its capability and capacity. With this in mind, our research shows that although USMA’s faculty is quite willing to help deployed units, no formalized process exists to catalogue and leverage its collective intellectual capital. As such, we identify the requirement for an intuitive system to fill this void, and we develop and analyze several alternatives
Minimizing The Number of Tardy Jobs in Hybrid Flow Shops with Non-Identical Multiple Processors
Authors: Santos Daryl , Roa Ivan
Published: January 2020

Two-stage hybrid flow shops (a.k.a., flow shops with multiple processors (FSMPs)) are studied wherein the multiple processors at a stage are non-identical, but related (a.k.a., uniform) in their processing speeds.   The impact of ten different dispatching procedures on a due-date based criterion (specifically, the number of tardy jobs) is analyzed over a set of 1,800 problems of varying configurations wherein the number of jobs per problem is between 20 and 100 and their due dates are randomly assigned.  Results indicate that the modified due date (MDD), earliest due date (EDD), slack (SLK), shortest processing time (SPT), and least work remaining (LWR) rules are statistically inseparable but yield superior performance to the other rules included in this study.  The longest processing time (LPT) and most work remaining (MWR) rules provide the poorest performance.
Redesigning the Senior Leader Engagement Program of the United States Africa Command
Authors: Dabkowski Matthew , Conger Hailey , Cooley Collin , Juhn Sarah , Richter Devon , Schreiner Anne , Tortorice Bernard
Published: January 2020

AFRICOM conducts hundreds of senior leader engagements (SLEs) each year throughout the African continent in order to create strategic partnerships and military relationships that preserve American interests abroad. While AFRICOM has been planning and executing these engagements since the inception of the organization in 2008, it lacks a well-defined method to systemize its SLE process. As a result, SLE development is largely ad hoc, potentially decreasing the strategic effectiveness of the engagements and increasing their cost. This paper delineates a decision-making framework to redesign and enhance AFRICOM’s SLE program. In particular, it posits a multiple objective decision analysis model that quantifies key stakeholder values and develops several alternatives for future evaluation. Of note, potential solutions imagine a more expansive system where subsets of Senior Leaders (SLs) are assigned to clusters of African countries based on the SLs’ similarity to countries within each cluster, providing a basis for relationship ownership and mutual trust.
Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES
Authors: Tautz Markus , Kuchenbrod Maren T , Hertkorn Joachim , Weinberger Robert , Welzel Martin , Pfitzner Arno , Díaz Díaz David
Published: January 2020

Roughening by anisotropic etching of N-face gallium nitride is the key aspect in today’s production of blue and white light emitting diodes (LEDs). Both surface area and number of surface angles are increased, facilitating light outcoupling from the LED chip. The structure of a GaN layer stack grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) was varied in the unintentionally doped u-GaN bulk region. Different sequences of 2D and 3D grown layers led to a variation in dislocation density, which was monitored by photoluminescence microscopy (PLM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thin-film processing including laser lift off (LLO) was applied. The influence of epitaxial changes on the N-face etch kinetics was determined in aqueous KOH solution at elevated temperature. Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to measure the etch progress in small time increments with high precision. Thereby, the disadvantages of other techniques such as determination of weight loss or height difference were overcome, achieving high accuracy and reproducibility.
Peter Neville Davies: A Tribute
Authors: Mathias Peter
Published: January 2020

Peter Mathias and David M. Williams each pay tribute to Professor Peter Neville Davies in turn, reflecting on his career as an economic historian at the University of Liverpool. The tributes cover the major highlights of his career and form an thorough introduction to Professor Davies' work to those unfamiliar with its scope.
Emplacements réservés ou expropriation déguisée ?
Authors: Caille Pascal
Published: January 2020

A suivre rigoureusement les énoncés juridiques et jurisprudentiels, la question de savoir si les emplacements réservés pourraient constituer une expropriation déguisée ne se pose pas. N’emportant pas de privation de la propriété, la mise en réserve d’un emplacement reste une simple atteinte au droit de propriété. Pour autant, les effets de cette atteinte, dans leur teneur et leur durée, peuvent s’avérer considérables. La servitude pesant sur le propriétaire, dans pareille hypothèse, est en effet de celles qui s’opposent à ce qu’il dispose librement de son bien, sans que les mécanismes d’indemnisation puissent valablement tenir lieu de juste compensation. Sans doute, en effet, ces mécanismes existent-ils et il ne saurait d’ailleurs en être autrement. Toutefois, l’édifiante rareté des applications de la jurisprudence prévoyant une indemnisation en cas de charge spéciale et anormale, hors de proportion avec l’objectif d’intérêt général poursuivi, atteste son inanité. Le droit de délaissement du bien reconnu à son propriétaire passe, dans ces conditions, pour le seul moyen de maintenir le droit des emplacements réservés dans les limites à la fois constitutionnelles et conventionnelles. Toutefois, l’absence de tout droit de rétrocession grève considérablement l’ensemble et, pour bienvenue qu’elle peut être, la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation sanctionnant les dérives spéculatives de certaines collectivités reste un palliatif insuffisant. La propension du législateur à faciliter l’utilisation, par les collectivités publiques, des outils fonciers à leur disposition et le libéralisme des juridictions qui en constitue l’utile soutien ne peuvent donc qu’être critiqués. D’une part, en effet, la charge qui en découle pour les propriétaires se révèle excessive au regard des considérations d’intérêt général censées fonder la mise en œuvre de la technique des emplacements réservés. D’autre part, la prise en compte de l’article 17 de la Déclaration des droits de l’Homme et du citoyen de 1789 autant que de l’article 1 er du Premier protocole additionnel à la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’Homme et des Libertés fondamentales est insuffisante, ce qui conduit à insuffler des incohérences tout à fait regrettables dans l’ordonnancement juridique. La conclusion suivant laquelle la mise en réserve d’un emplacement n’est pas une forme d’expropriation déguisée n’est donc pas exclusive de toute critique, sévère de surcroît, à l’encontre de cette technique.
Du droit à la politisation : le choix des projets d’aménagement
Authors: Bertrand Ludivine
Published: January 2020

L’objectivation des contours de la capacité de choisir des diverses catégories d’acteurs de l’aménagement des territoires est une première appréhension de la notion de politisation de l’espace en ce qu’elle dessine les limites d’un droit à l’initiative. En tant qu’objet fini, partagé par tous, convoité par beaucoup, l’espace est normé par des systèmes régulateurs nombreux. De cette complexité de fait naissent des légitimités de faits et ou/de droit, devant s’articuler ou s’interdire. L’urbanisme réglementaire, aussi technique qu’il soit, apparait comme peu impacté par cette complexité politique. C’est bien dans l’urbanisme opérationnel, devant traduire de prodigieuses complexités intellectuelles en réalités matérielles, que se cristallisent la menace de cette intrication. La compétence en matière d’urbanisme, telle que fixée par le droit depuis la décentralisation globale des années 1980, revient à un bloc d’intercommunalité. Si de nombreuses optimisations, préférant parfois la sophistication d’acteurs ad hoc, parfois l’évidence des Communes, ont été expérimentées ; l’impératif d’une maîtrise de l’environnement local n’a cessé de faire autorité. Il n’empêche que le tissu local est constitué d’autant de mailles, la réalité du terrain dépassant cette logique trop simple pour être pleinement effective. Des acteurs divers viennent ainsi fortement concurrencer cette compétence de droit commun. L’Etat, par l’usage de procédés variés, tels que les qualifications de projets d’intérêt généraux ou d’opération d’intérêt national, a conservé ce qui peut être assimilé à un droit de véto sur les grandes orientations de l’aménagement du territoire. Cette volonté de conserver un leader cheap, tant face aux velléités des collectivités locales qu’au sein de l’Union européenne, entre politique d’austérité et régionalisation, n’a fait qu’étendre le pouvoir des aménageurs privés. L’exigence commune d’économisation, devenue maître-mot, a conduit à faire de ces personnes privées les seules détentrices de l’indispensable capacité financière, nécessaire à toute réalisation. Cette mutation du profil des investisseurs a transformé la nature des projets, mutant d’un objectif d’intérêt général à une injonction de rentabilité. L’association de ces alter, répondant à des logiques et des schèmes de pensées propres, imposée par les faits, n’a pu induire qu’un imbroglio de logiques actionnelles. Cette complexité théorique ne rendant pas moins indispensable la poursuite d’un aménagement réel, un dépassement des contraintes systémiques faisant redouter une paralysie globale des territoires, a été consacré par le juge administratif. En se créant, parfois de façon autoritaire, une jurisprudence en marge de ces nombreux rouages, il permet d’annihiler l’impératif vain de conciliation. L’aménagement des territoires, vertigineux, pour n’être que politique, dans toutes les facettes que cela peut impliquer, ne peut être réglementé simplement. Mais l’aménagement des territoires, indispensable, pour n’être que politique, a dû être réglementé, parfois imparfaitement.
Communautés d’habitants et communautés locales dans le dispositif d’accès et partage des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources génétiques et des connaissances traditionnelles associées
Authors: Collot Pierre-Alain
Published: January 2020

Le titre V de la loi pour la reconquête de la biodiversité promulguée le 08 août 2016 vise à transposer en droit interne le protocole de Nagoya et le règlement n°511/2014 du Parlement Européen et du Conseil du 16 avril 2014. Plutôt que de s’appuyer sur la notion de communauté autochtone et locale voire de prendre en considération le caractère autonome de la notion de communauté locale, le législateur a fait le choix d’user de la notion de communauté d’habitants. La notion de communauté locale, propre au droit de l’environnement, est pourtant susceptible de satisfaire aux exigences de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle puisqu’elle ne consiste pas en une communauté d’origine, de culture, de langue ou de croyance. Au delà de la logique inhérente à la loi du 08 août 2016, la reconnaissance de communautés locales au cœur du dispositif d’accès et de partage des avantages doit permettre d’en corriger les multiples insuffisances tant en matière d’accès aux ressources génétiques et aux connaissances traditionnelles qu’en ce qui concerne le partages des avantages résultant de leur utilisation.
Méditerranée : quand l’horizon s’éloigne
Authors: Abis Sébastien
Published: January 2020

La fin de cette année 2020 marquera le 25 e anniversaire de la conférence de Barcelone, qui amorça le processus du même nom visant à rassembler les pays des deux rives de la Méditerranée pour faire de cette région une zone de paix et de prospérité. Un quart de siècle plus tard, force est de constater que cet objectif louable — qui doit sans aucun doute demeurer dans le viseur — est bien loin d’être atteint. Côté nord, les pays riverains de la Méditerranée ont enchaîné les crises socio-économiques ; côté sud, entre les révoltes (souvent déçues) des « printemps arabes », la guerre en Syrie, l’enlisement du conflit israélo-palestinien, on est encore bien loin de la paix régionale. Quant au dialogue et au rapprochement entre les deux rives, il peine à progresser comme le montre ici Sébastien Abis. Rappelant les évolutions survenues dans la région méditerranéenne ces dernières décennies et les difficultés à faire progresser les relations euro-méditerranéennes, cet article souligne les points de blocage en la matière. Il indique aussi combien les intérêts en présence varient d’un acteur à l’autre, et comment les pays méditerranéens sont intégrés dans la mondialisation, avec des relations et des échanges ne se cantonnant pas au voisinage européen. La région saura-t-elle sortir des difficultés actuelles ? S’insérera-t-elle dans un processus régional ? La solidarité triomphera-t-elle des rivalités ? Comme le montre ici Sébastien Abis, l’horizon d’un avenir clément dans la région méditerranéenne n’est pas totalement bouché, mais il semble encore bien lointain. S.D.
Les déterminants de la responsabilité environnementale des groupes bancaires en Afrique : une vérification des préceptes théoriques
Authors: Zanga Ongbwa Paul Dominique
Published: January 2020

Le contexte africain souffre généralement d’acculturation ou d’une absence de corpus théorique, propre au management des organisations en Afrique. Les enjeux écologiques étant d’actualité, cette recherche se propose d’analyser les déterminants de la responsabilité environnementale, sur la base des théories de la gouvernance d’entreprise. Pour cela, un échantillon de 42 groupes bancaires implantés en Afrique entre 2005 à 2014 est observé. À partir des données issues des rapports annuels et d’une régression en données de panel, on conclut que la taille de la banque et l’actionnariat étranger affectent positivement et significativement la responsabilité environnementale. Par ailleurs, les profits et la parité influencent négativement l’engagement environnemental. Cette étude consacre donc le paternalisme et le cognitivisme au détriment des visions éco féministes et signalétiques.
Quantitative Morphology of the Scapula: Normal Variation of the Superomedial Scapular Angle, and Superior and Inferior Pole Thickness
Authors: Lehtinen Janne T , Tingart Markus J , Apreleva Maria , Warner Jon J P
Published: January 2020

abstract

This study examined the normal variation of the superomedial scapular angle and the thickness of the superior and inferior scapular borders. Scapulae of 53 cadaver shoulders were dissected free from all soft tissue. A line was drawn from the most superior to the most inferior point on each scapula, and the scapulae were cut along this line to obtain cross sections. The superomedial scapular angle (ot) was measured with a goniometer from the cross section as a ABC: through the inferior tip (A), base of the spine (B), and superior tip (C). Superior and inferior pole thickness was measured with a digital caliper from the thickest portions on the cross section of the poles. Average superomedial angle was 139°±6° (range: 125°-156°). Average thickness for the superior and inferior poles was 3.9±0.9 mm (range: 2.1-8.3 mm) and 7. 5 ±1.5 mm (range: 4-1 1 mm), respectively. The thickness of both superior and inferior poles was significantly different between male and female specimens (P<.05i, with male scapulae having fhe higher values.
The Glenoid Center Line
Authors: Bicos James , Mazzocca Augustus , Romeo Anthony A
Published: January 2020

abstract

This study sought to define a point on the anterior gíenord surface to serve as a marker for glenoid orientation and to present the concept of a glenoacromial version angle. Twenty fresh-frozen cadaver scapulas were examined. A line perpendicular to the glenoid surface exited the anterior scapular cortex in all specimens at an average distance of 29.3±3.9 mm. The average glenoacromial version angle was 60°±11°. These numbers may allow better intraoperative assessment of glenoid version.
Effect of Patient Age and Symptom Duration on Subjective and Objective Outcomes of Carpal Tunnel Surgery
Authors: Eskandari Metin Manouchehr , Özge Aynur , Östuna Volkan , Çolak Mehmet , Kanik Arzu , Kuyurtar Fehmi
Published: January 2020

abstract

This study prospecfively examined the relationship between patient age and symptom duration on surgical outcome of carpal tunnel syndrome. Surgical outcomes were evaluated using both subjective and objective measures, and statistical analysis was performed using canonical analysis. The results revealed patient age and symptom duration have significant effects on both subjective and objective outcomes oí carpal tunnel surgery.
Trabecular Metal in Hip Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Stiehl James B
Published: January 2020

abstract

Biological ingrowth surfaces have become a standard prosthetic element in reconstructive hip surgery. A material's properties, three-dimensional architecture, and surface texture all play integral parts in its biological performance. Trabecular metal is an important new biomaterial that has been introduced to enhance the potential of biological ingrowth as well as provide a structural scaffold in cases of severe bone deficit. Initial clinical applications have focused on bone restoration in tumor and salvage cases and in primary and revision reconstructive cases where the increased biological fixation would be of clinical benefit. The bone ingrowth potential and mechanical integrity of this material offer exciting options for orthopedic reconstructive surgeons.
Assessment of Gait and Balance in Patients with Spinal Diseases Using the Leg Reposition Test
Authors: Kasai Yuichi , Kato Hidekazu , Morishita Koichiro , Kawakita Eiji , Kondo Tetsushi , Uchida Atsumasa
Published: January 2020

abstract

We devised a new leg reposition test, to assess gait and balance in patients with spinal diseases. This study included 344 patients who were scheduled to undergo spine surgery; 14 (4.1%) patients showed positive results. These 1 4 patients had worse gait status than leg reposition test-negative patients both preoperatively and postoperatively. The leg reposition test is a simple procedure, and requires no specialized equipment. This study showed that the leg reposition test has a strong relation with gait status, and therefore a high clinical significance regarding the assessment of preoperative gait and balance and prediction of postoperative gait status.
What Constitutes Advanced Assessment?
Authors: Davidson Laura J. , Bennett Susan E. , Hamera Edna K. , Raines Bonnie K.
Published: January 2020

As programs to prepare advanced practice nurses for primary care have flourished during the past decade, faculty aspire to teach a health assessment course that is more than a review of undergraduate work. Therefore, course faculty constructed a list of advanced assessment competencies. The purpose of this descriptive study was to validate the competencies clinical preceptors’ rated as important via a mailed survey. Overall, the competencies received high mean ratings. The item receiving the highest mean score was “detects and interprets abnormalities in rate and rhythm” from the heart body system. Items within the gynecological and breast systems received the highest ratings. This study suggests a need to help advanced practice nursing students master all advanced assessment competencies on the survey.
Drivers of Consumer Loyalty in the Wellness Sector
Authors: Saini Shivani , Singh Jagwinder
Published: January 2020

Facing a severely competitive environment and unique consumer expectations, cultivating consumer loyalty seems crucial for every firm. Rather than to cultivate, marketers find it more difficult to sustain a loyal consumer base. Understanding loyalty drives is of utmost importance now, and it is the main concern of this study. Faced with lack of structural management approaches in reference to relationship practices, this chapter provides a cohesive understanding of loyalty drivers in application of acquisition, retention, and experience strategies. The study involved a survey of 200 consumers of wellness firms. A confirmatory factor analysis has been employed to evaluate consumers' priority among acquisition, retention, and experience-based marketing strategies. The study offers valuable insights to wellness firms to fine-tune their CRM programmes in view of traditional and modern practices. As experience is very complex while acquisition and retention are highly imitable, firms need to embrace it with clarity to select the right elements to gain consumer loyalty.
Soft Computing Methods for Measuring Sustainability in the Agriculture Sector
Authors: Satapathy Suchismita
Published: January 2020

Agriculture plays a vital role in the development of the Indian economy, and in addition, it contributes around 15% to the nation's GDP. Manually- or mechanically-operated diverse devices and supplies implied for farming machines are utilized in farming process. Still, sustainability is the most important issue in farming. Modern equipment smoke, dust, chemicals, and fertilizers both in manual-driven farming and modern farming are major environmental issues. So, in this chapter, sustainability issues in farming are studied, and a linear relationship between them can be found by interpretive structural modelling, such that the Micmac analysis and model can be developed for barriers of agricultural sector sustainability.
Conceiving Perfectible Theories in Management Through Adaptive Framing
Authors: Acar William , Franquesa Jaume , Mwaka Rev. Fr. Jino O.
Published: January 2020

Extant studies of theory evaluation rely on hindsight even though editors' entreaties are meant to be studied ex ante and applied in real time. The authors elaborate on the definitional requirements of theory and ways to appraise it. The authors present a synoptic chronology of the main trends in management theory evaluation, and discuss the methodological differences between formal theories and actual management schemes. This discussion leads us to adopt a constructivist perspective and replace “Popperian falsifiability” when inapplicable to management. The authors then introduce the concept of adaptive framing as a tripartite process subsuming the criteria of novelty, practicability and extendibility through consistency, which the authors argue to be the necessary requirements for perfectible theory-building in management.
Descent in algebraic $K$-theory and a conjecture of Ausoni–Rognes
Authors: Clausen Dustin , Mathew Akhil , Naumann Niko , Noel Justin
Published: January 2020

Let

A \to B

be a

G

-Galois extension of rings, or more generally of

\mathbb{E}_\infty

-ring spectra in the sense of Rognes. A basic question in algebraic

K

-theory asks how close the map

K(A) \to K(B)^{hG}

is to being an equivalence, i.e., how close algebraic

K

-theory is to satisfying Galois descent. An elementary argument with the transfer shows that this equivalence is true rationally in most cases of interest. Motivated by the classical descent theorem of Thomason, one also expects such a result after periodic localization.

We formulate and prove a general result which enables one to promote rational descent statements as above into descent statements after periodic localization. This reduces the localized descent problem to establishing an elementary condition on

K_0(-)\otimes \mathbb{Q}

. As applications, we prove various descent results in the periodically localized

K

-theory,

TC

,

THH

, etc. of structured ring spectra, and verify several cases of a conjecture of Ausoni and Rognes.
The Calabi metric and desingularization of Einstein orbifolds
Authors: Morteza Peyman , Viaclovsky Jeff A.
Published: January 2020

Consider an Einstein orbifold

(M_0, g_0)

of real dimension

2n

having a singularity with orbifold group the cyclic group of order n in SU

(n)

which is generated by an nth root of unity times the identity. Existence of a Ricci-flat Kähler ALE metric with this group at infinity was shown by Calabi. There is a natural “approximate” Einstein metric on the desingularization of M0 obtained by replacing a small neighborhood of the singular point of the orbifold with a scaled and truncated Calabi metric. In this paper, we identify the first obstruction to perturbing this approximate Einstein metric to an actual Einstein metric. If

M_0

is compact, we can use this to produce examples of Einstein orbifolds which do not admit any Einstein metric in a neighborhood of the natural approximate Einstein metric on the desingularization. In the case that

(M_0, g_0)

is asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein and non-degenerate, we show that if the first obstruction vanishes, then there does in fact exist an asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein metric on the desingularization. We also obtain a non-existence result in the asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein case, provided that the obstruction does not vanish. This work extends a construction of Biquard in the case

n = 2

, in which case the Calabi metric is also known as the Eguchi–Hanson metric, but there are some key points for which the higher-dimensional case differs.
Genus one Lefschetz fibrations on disk cotangent bundles of surfaces
Authors: Ozbagci Burak
Published: January 2020

We describe a Lefschetz fibration of genus one on the disk cotangent bundle of any closed orientable surface

\Sigma

. As a corollary, we obtain an explicit genus one open book decomposition adapted to the canonical contact structure on the unit cotangent bundle of

\Sigma

.
The Fiscal Situation of Palestine: Can the Grip of Chronic Distress Be Loosened?
Authors: Medvedev Nikolay P. , Slizovskiy Dmitriy E. , Iwaina Mohammed , Nesterchuk Olga
Published: January 2020

The study based on the available materials, facts and events shows chronic diseases of the Palestine’s fiscal situation. The authors see the main reasons for this in the fact that Israel managed to impose on the state of Palestine not only economic, organizational and managerial, but also political mechanisms and tools for managing and regulating the financial and budgetary sector. But this is not the only reason. The analysis focuses on the international controversy between two points of view: the first shows and defends the idea of the crisis of the Palestine’s fiscal situation. Its apologists attribute the reasons for this to the occupation of the Palestinian territory and to the occupation regime, undermining the possibility of creating normal living conditions for the Palestinians. The opposite view either denies the state of deep crisis in the financial and budgetary sector of Palestine or attributes it to the shortcomings and failures of the Administration unable to cope with the existing problems. The article analyzes in detail the influence of international actors, organizations and structures on the Palestine’s budgetary and financial situation. The results of the study do not give a clear answer as to how the existing problems will be resolved. Theoretically, they can be positively resolved only in case of creation of a full-fledged state of Palestine. In practice, Palestine and Israel are not able to resolve the problems of the inherent antagonistic conflict by themselves. But Israel today uses the capacity and skills of its administrators, managers and financiers and with the support, first of all, of the United States maintains its leadership and receives preferences in the financial and economic sphere of the Palestinian Autonomy. In the medium term, the fiscal situation of Palestine will retain its chronic problems and contradictions. Their aggravation will be associated with the outbreaks of radicalism and armed clashes in the structure of relations between the two countries and with the rise of radicalism within them.
Maria Dudzikowa's Master school of pedagogical research
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: January 2020

The subject of the analysis is the reconstruction of the methodological approach of the outstanding teacher Maria Dudzikowa to scientific research in pedagogy. From the Author's scattered texts the principles and research procedures that determine the value of scientific cognition and, at the same time, create key assumptions for the design of pedagogical research, their implementation and analysis and interpretation of the obtained results are presented.
Bezpečnosť informačných systémov verejnej správy vo svetle zákona o kybernetickej bezpečnosti a zákona o informačných technológiách vo verejnej správe
Authors: Andraško Jozef
Published: January 2020

Autor sa v predkladanom príspevku venuje otázke bezpečnosti informačných systémov verejnej správy v zmysle novej legislatívy, ktorá významným spôsobom pozmenila právnu úpravu bezpečnosti informačných systémov verejnej správy. Autor sa v prvom rade zameral na novoprijatý zákon o informačných technológiách verejnej správy, ktorý upravuje problematiku bezpečnosti informačných technológií verejnej správy. Autor príspevku v druhom rade upriamuje pozornosť na bezpečnosť informačných systémov verejnej správy v zmysle zákona o kybernetickej bezpečnosti, podľa ktorého sú informačné systémy verejnej správy zaradené medzi základné služby. V závere autor upriami pozornosť na prepojenie a rozdiely v otázkach bezpečnosti informačných systémov verejnej správy v zmysle zákona o kybernetickej bezpečnosti a zákona o informačných technológiách vo verejnej správe. Autor skúma danú problematiku z pohľadu právneho poriadku Slovenskej republiky.
Ideal Theory and Action-Guidance
Authors: Chahboun Naima ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: January 2020

This article clarifies the disagreement concerning ideal theory’s action-guiding capacity through the unpacking of two underlying disagreements. The first concerns the threshold for action-guidance on the scales of empirical and normative determinacy; I argue that the dispute between critics and proponents of ideal theory is not about whether ideal principles offer some specific information, but about which information should count as action-guiding. The second concerns the task of normative principles; I argue that the different weight critics and proponents attribute to the risks associated with ideal theory may reflect diverging views on whether principles primarily generate or explain normative judgments.
Diseño web: usuarios, contenidos y experiencias
Authors: Ripoll Anna
Published: January 2020

Diseñar una página web hace 10 años era que “funcionase” a nivel técnico, a día de hoy el objetivo es que cumpla su función comunicativa. Anna Ripoll desgrana en este artículo los pasos a seguir para que la creación de una página web consiga los objetivos deseados, teniendo en cuenta que en el entorno actual, el usuario es el protagonista y debe ser la prioridad absoluta en el diseño.
El diseño de la interfaz de Mosaic
Authors: Monjo Tona , Fàbregas Cristina
Published: January 2020

Después de compartir el proceso de reconceptualización de la arquitetura de la información de Mosaic, abordamos la fase siguiente, la concreción de la línea gráfica y el diseño de la interfaz.
Stroke Clients’ Satisfaction as The Nursing Care Quality Benchmark in Neurological Ward
Authors: Khairani Maya , Kariasa I Made
Published: January 2020

Objective: Stroke clients’ satisfaction while being hospitalized need to be concerned because it will affect their follow- up treatment. This study was conducted to determine stroke clients’ satisfaction toward nursing care in neurology ward.

Methods: This study was cross-sectional approach performed in 25 hospitalized patients consecutively at the neurology ward.

Results: The result shows 60% of stroke clients were satisfied with the nursing care in neurology ward, especially for the assurance dimension (76%).

Conclusion: Suggestion for the hospital is to optimize the nursing care quality in the neurology ward.

Keywords: Nursing care; satisfaction; stroke
Quality Of Nursing Work Life Of Associate Nurses And Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Sulastri Eva , Pompey Cut Sarida
Published: January 2020

Objective: The aim of study was to identify the relationship between quality of nursing work life (QNWL) of associate nurses with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMDs).  

Methods: This descriptive analysis and correlation study used cross sectional design and consecutive sampling technique.

Results: This study resulted that 51.3% of associate nurses had a high QNWL, the highest subvariabel of job perception (29.95%), the lowest subvariables relation with the head nurse (11.68%), and 91.3% of associate nurses experienced low-musculoskeletal disorders.

Conclusion: There was no relationship between the quality of nursing work life of associate nurses with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (ρ = 0.47, α = 0.05). This means that although the nurse has musculoskeletal disorders, the quality of work life remains high. Although some nurses do not had WMDs, but some of them have a low quality of nursing work life.

Keywords: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, quality of nursing work life, associate nurse
Classical Music Therapy as The Intervention to Relieve Headache in A Meningitis Patient
Authors: Purwandari Gayatri Mauly , Yona Sri
Published: January 2020

Objective: Headache is a manifestation of inflammatory response from meningeal infection. Headache may affect client physically and psychologically thus it requires treatment. This paper aimed to analyze implementation of classical music therapy as non-pharmacological intervention in relieving headache in patient with meningitis.

Methods: This was a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of classical music therapy to relieve patient’s headache. The intervention was implemented for 3 days long by playing Beethoven Symphony 6. The headache was evaluated by using McGill Pain Questionnaire.

Results: The result indicated a decrease in pain intensity from score of 8 to 6 in the third day of implementation.

Conclusion: Classical music therapy relieved headache in patient with meningitis. Nurses are suggested to implement classical music therapy on client with headache in order to relieve and alleviate pain.

Key words: Classical music, meningitis, pain
Survival between synchronous and non-synchronous multiple primary cutaneous melanomas—a SEER database analysis
Authors: Xiong Jie , Su Yanlin , Bing Zhitong , Zhao Bihai
Published: January 2020

Background

There is no criterion to distinguish synchronous and non-synchronous multiple primary cutaneous melanomas (MPMs). This study aimed to distinguish synchronous and non-synchronous MPMs and compare the survivals of them using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Methods

Synchronous and non-synchronous MPMs were distinguished by fitting the double log transformed distribution of the time interval between the first and second primary cutaneous melanomas (TIFtS) through a piecewise linear regression. The overall and melanoma-specific survivals were compared by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model through modeling the occurrence of synchronous MPMs as a time-dependent variable.

Results

The distribution of TIFtS was composed by three power-law distributions. According to its first inflection point, synchronous MPMs were defined as tumors that occurred within 2 months. The Kaplain–Meier plot revealed a significant inferior survival for synchronous MPMs than non-synchronous MPMs (P < 0.0001), and the occurrence of synchronous MPM was a risk factor for overall survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM) (hazard ratio: 2.213; (95% CI [2.087–2.346]); P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

This study provided data analysis evidences for using 2 months to distinguish synchronous MPMs and non-synchronous MPMs. Furthermore, the occurrence of synchronous MPM was a risk factor for prognosis of patients with CM.
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: John D. H. , Awoyesuku P. A. , MacPepple D. A. , Kwosah N. J.
Published: January 2020

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common cause of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy accounting for about 90% of all diabetic pregnancies. Women with GDM are at increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality which are preventable through early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence of GDM, compare the maternal and neonatal complications among GDM and non-GDM pregnant women, and the risk factors associated with GDM.

Methodology: A prospective cohort study was carried out among 105 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of RSUTH between February and August 2017. They were interviewed using a pre-structured questionnaire that covered variables related to socio-demographic factors and family, medical, and social history. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was done after an overnight fast. Women who had FBS less than 7 mmol/L had 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerant Test (OGTT) done. Those diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus were the exposed group while those negative for GDM were the non-exposed group. Both groups were followed up to delivery, and maternal and fetal outcomes were noted. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 and significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: The prevalence of GDM was 10.5%. Positive history of GDM in previous pregnancy was the only independent risk factor (p=0.04, Adj OR: 26.89, 95% CI 2.86 to 252.61). GDM mothers had a significantly higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia (RR=7.48; 95% CI =3.36 to 16.63). Neonates of GDM mothers were at increased risk of fetal macrosomia (RR =9.00; 95% CI=1.36 to 59.4) and neonatal admissions (RR=8.00; C.I =1.19 to 53.67).

Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of GDM was high and that those with GDM were at increased risk of developing fetal and maternal complications. A history of GDM in previous pregnancy was an essential risk factor for subsequent GDM.
The best and worst of 2019, and hopes and fears for 2020
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2020

As is traditional with the Preview Issue — the first issue of the year — we asked stakeholders for their reflections on the past year and their hopes and fears for the new year. Thanks to the field leaders who responded to our request for comments. More stakeholder comments for this article will be in next week's issue.
Which active optical sensor vegetation index is best for nitrogen assessment in irrigated cotton?
Authors: Bronson K. F. , Conley M. M. , French A. N. , Hunsaker D. J. , Thorp K. R. , Barnes E. M.
Published: January 2020

Use of active optical sensors (AOS) in nitrogen (N) management of row crops continues to grow. Since the first studies in the mid‐1990s, several commercial AOS are now available. Typically, canopy reflectance in red and near infrared (NIR) bands are used to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). More recently, commercially available AOS include a third, red‐edge band that allows the calculation of additional vegetation indices (VIs). We present two studies of five site‐years of N management studies in Maricopa, AZ, on a Casa Grande sandy loam with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The 2014–2015 study was conducted under an overhead sprinkler irrigation system (OSI), and the 2016–2018 study was in subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). The study objective was to compare the ability of 12 different VIs to detect N deficiency among N treatments from shortly after emergence to mid‐bloom. In the OSI study, which showed delayed, small N treatment effects, NDRE and the chlorophyll index using amber (CIRE) detected N deficiency in zero‐N and in reduced N‐reflectance‐based plots 7–23 d before other VIs did. With SDI, the choice of VI was less critical as several VIs could distinguish N deficiency in zero‐N and in reflectance plots. The commonly used NDVI red (NDVIR) only detected N deficiency in reflectance plots in one of five site‐years. In conclusion, we recommend the use of AOS with NIR and red‐edge bands and the calculation of NDRE or CIRE to guide AOS‐based in‐season N management of irrigated cotton.
Ulcerative colitis associated with primary colorectal lymphoma in Taiwan: A tertiary center study
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Lu , Lin Cheng‐Kuan , Leong Yew‐Loong , Tung Chien‐Chih , Shun Chia‐Tung , Wei Shu‐Chen , Wong Jau‐Min , Weng Meng‐Tzu
Published: January 2020

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease, increases the incidence of colon adenocarcinoma but is rarely complicated by primary colorectal lymphoma (PCL). This study evaluated diagnostic tools and the clinical symptoms, lymphoma type, and outcome of patients with UC who developed PCL. We retrospectively reviewed patient medical records from 1998 to 2018 at a single tertiary center. Three patients were identified; the studied period from UC diagnosis to lymphoma development ranged from 1 year 7 months to 7 years. Patients were aged 40 to 70 years. All patients were men and presented with bloody diarrhea. Two (66.7%) were diagnosed as having diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma through colonoscopic biopsy. Tumor location differed among all patients. Only one patient survived. PCL is rare in patients with UC and can be diagnosed through colonoscopic biopsy or surgical intervention. However, the clinical outcomes of these patients are poor.
1,1‐Ethenediol: The Long Elusive Enol of Acetic Acid
Authors: Mardyukov Artur , Eckhardt André K. , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: January 2020

We present the first spectroscopic identification of hitherto unknown 1,1‐ethenediol, the enol tautomer of acetic acid. The title compound was generated in the gas phase through flash vacuum pyrolysis of malonic acid at 400 °C. The pyrolysis products were subsequently trapped in argon matrices at 10 K and characterized spectroscopically by means of IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy together with matching its spectral data with computations at the CCSD(T)/cc‐pCVTZ and B3LYP/6–311++G(2d,2p) levels of theory. Upon photolysis at λ=254 nm, the enol rearranges to acetic acid and ketene.
NHC‐assisted Ni(II)‐catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of amines and secondary alcohols
Authors: Takallou Ahmad , Habibi Azizollah , Halimehjan Azim Ziyaei , Balalaie Saeed
Published: January 2020

A novel catalytic system including NiCl2‐NHC ligand precursor has been developed for the preparation of imines from amines and ketones from alcohols. Owing to the acceptorless dehydrogenation pathway for this reaction, the hydrogen gas is liberated as a by‐product. The active catalyst is generated in situ by the reaction of nickel (II) chloride, bis (imidazolium) chlorides and potassium tert‐butoxide. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields and a wide variety of amines and ketones were applied successfully in this protocol.
Structure and improved properties of PPC/PBAT blends via controlling phase morphology based on melt viscosity
Authors: Jiang Guo , Wang Feng , Zhang Shuidong , Huang Hanxiong
Published: January 2020

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)/poly(butylenes adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends with various composition ratios were prepared via melt mixing using a twin‐screw extruder. The effect of melt viscosities of polymers on mechanical behavior, interfacial interaction, thermal properties, rheological responses, and phase morphology was investigated. Results showed that the phase morphology and properties of PPC/PBAT blends were affected by the composition of the blends and the melt viscosities of the two polymers. Results of tensile tests, FTIR, and dynamic rheological measurement of PBAT‐rich blends exhibited a better mechanical properties, intermolecular interactions, and compatibility when compared with PPC‐rich blends due to the differences of their melt viscosities. Incorporating of PBAT effectively improved the Tg of PPC and the thermal stability of the blends. The Tc of PPC/PBAT blends markedly increased from 37.5 to 66.8 °C with addition of only 10 wt% PPC, indicating an enhanced crystallization ability of PBAT. The improvement of Tc was helpful for blown film extrusion. SEM microphotographs showed that the size of the dispersed phase particles is much smaller and the distribution is more uniform for PBAT‐rich blends, compared with that in PPC‐rich blends. The processing stability of blown film extrusion was improved by blending PPC with PBAT. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48924.
Sensitivity of the 2018 UK summer heatwave to local sea temperatures and soil moisture
Authors: Petch Jon C. , Short Chris J. , Best Martin J. , McCarthy Mark , Lewis Huw W. , Vosper Simon B. , Weeks Mark
Published: January 2020

The impact of local climate conditions on air temperatures during a hot summer period over the United Kingdom in 2018 is studied using simple sensitivity experiments with a state‐of‐the‐art regional numerical weather prediction system. The experiments are designed to investigate the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) and soil moisture on the air temperatures over land. They involved applying changes to the analysed SST and soil moisture patterns with magnitudes consistent with the differences between forecast analysis and climatology. The results from daily 5‐day forecasts over an 11‐day period show that a 3°C reduction in SSTs reduces the simulated air temperatures averaged over all land points by just over 1°C. Moistening the soil while using the control SSTs reduces the temperatures by a little less than 1°C on average although this can be larger than 3°C locally. While the reduction in SST impacts the daily maximum and minimum temperatures to a similar extent, the increase in soil moisture had little impact on the daily minimum temperatures.