bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remote Sensing for Agricultural Applications
Authors: Adhikary Saju , Biswas Benukar , Kumar Naskar Manish , Mukherjee Bishal , Pratap Singh Aditya , Atta Kousik
Published: September 2022

The application of remote sensing in quantifying the crop health status is trending. Sensors can serve as early warning systems for countering climatic or biological aberrations before having negative impacts on crop yield. Remote sensing applications have been playing a significant role in agriculture sector for evaluating plant health, yield and crop loss (%) estimation, irrigation management, identification of crop stress, weed and pest detection, weather forecasting, gathering crop phenological informations etc. Forecast of crop yields by using remote sensing inputs in conjunction with crop simulation models is getting popular day by day for its potential benefits. Remote sensing reduces the amount of field data collection and improves the precision of the estimates. Crop stress caused by biotic and abiotic factors can be monitored and quantified with remote sensing. Monitoring of vegetation cover for acreage estimation, mapping and monitoring drought condition and maintenance of vegetation health, assessment of crop condition under stress prone environment, checking of nutrient and moisture status of field, measurement of crop evapotranspiration, weed management through precision agriculture, gathering and transferring predictions of atmospheric dynamics through different observational satellites are the major agricultural applications of remote sensing technologies. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI), leaf area index (LAI), and General Yield Unified Reference Index (GYURI) are some of the indices which have been used for mapping and monitoring drought and assessing vegetation health and productivity. Remote sensing with other advanced technologies like geographical information systems (GIS) are playing a massive role in assessment and management of several agricultural activities. State or district level information systems based on available remote sensing information are required to be utilized efficiently for improving the economy coming from agriculture.
The New Business Management of Innovation and Human Capital: European vs. American Model
Authors: Montes-Solla Paulino
Published: September 2022

This work aims to shed light on the new principles and techniques of business management of innovation and human capital within a widely connected world. The two most extended innovative paradigms (startups and transfer innovation) are used in all world innovation systems. Their common point is the transformative potential of innovation based on good human capital skills in new management methods to promote an adequate combination of economic progress and social welfare. The human capital skills must be focused on the new agile business models used by these innovative paradigms on the frontier of technological knowledge. The entrepreneurs, startups, and innovative companies need to attract innovative talent that help to implement industrial initiatives (Industry 4.0 in Europe and Advanced Manufacturing in the USA) and dynamize the traditional productive sectors in a market with uncertainty. The technology knowledge is relatively stronger and reliable than business knowledge. Therefore, ICT skills and new innovation management are keys to supporting traditional sectors. The startup boom will produce changes in business models, organizations, and human capital skills.
Beyond Survival Effects of Vitrification-Warming on Epigenetic Modification and Maternal Transcripts of Oocytes
Authors: Liu Yu-bing , Chen Ju , Chian Ri-Cheng
Published: September 2022

Oocyte vitrification-warming is a worldwide used technique for human fertility preservation. The question of whether the potential risk is associated with this specific procedure remains unresolved. As a fundamental factor of development, oocytes play an important role in early embryonic development, including epigenetic reprogramming and maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), that can develop to term. Vitrification, as a significant stressor, appears to have a significant impact on epigenetic modifiers and maternal transcripts of the oocyte, which ultimately results in lower developmental potential. Due to the rapidly evolving single-cell multi-omics sequencing, there have been many advances in this field. We will discuss recent progress in the impact of oocyte vitrification on epigenetic modification and maternal transcripts in this manuscript, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and improvement of vitrification-warming technology.
Evaluation of Biomarkers and Severity of COVID-19 in A Single Center
Authors: YALÇIN Demet , IGNAK Seyda , ULUIŞIK Işılsu Ezgi , ÇEÇEN Olida , SONKAYA Muhammed Mert , UNAY-DEMİREL Ozlem
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The clinical course of COVID-19 ranges from mild to severe. The predictability of clinical outcomes gains importance in managing the disease. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between biomarker levels and the clinical severity of COVID-19.

Methods: COVID-19 patients (n=618) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Istanbul, Turkey were classified according to their clinical status using a scoring system designed by WHO. Laboratory parameters such as D-dimer, ferritin, and lymphocyte count levels were evaluated. In order to find out the relation between laboratory biomarkers and the severity of COVID-19, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used.

Results: A positive correlation was found when WHO Score was compared with D-dimer levels (r=.508, p
Ventral Pelvio-anal Reconstruction as a Variation of Established Surgical Management of Severe and Refractory Fecal Incontinence: A Case Series Study
Authors: Pakravan Faramarz , Safarpour Ali Reza , S. Poschinski Zoe , Hosseini Seyed Vahid
Published: September 2022

Background: Conventional treatments may not be effective in some severe cases of fecal incontinence (FI). Objectives: In the present study, we evaluated the applicability of ventral pelvio-anal reconstruction (VPAR) as a modified operative technique for 17 patients with severe and refractory FI. Methods: We performed VPAR by placing a mesh in the perineum and securing it at the sacrospinal ligament on both sides. The Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) and Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQoL) questionnaires were completed by the patients, and anorectal manometry was performed before and after the operation (3,6 and 12 months), and the results were compared against the baseline values. Results: The operation was successful in all patients; no mesh was explanted during the follow-up period, and all patients reported satisfactory outcomes. Postsurgical anorectal manometry showed an increase in both rest and squeeze pressures. The CCIS decreased while the FIQoL increased significantly during the first-year follow-up (P < 0.001). Conclusions: By incorporating the implant into the perineal body, we hypothesized that our combined technique would lead to favorable outcomes, and the preliminary results confirmed this. Further studies with larger patient populations and more extended follow-up periods are needed to confirm our satisfactory results and conclude that the VPAR approach is a safe and appropriate therapeutic option for patients with severe and refractory FI.
Moral Distress in a Pandemic and Catholic Contributions to the Renewal of Public Health
Authors: Kenny Nuala P. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2022

Throughout history Christians have responded to the need for direct care for the sick in imitation of the healing ministry of Jesus and in the creation of hospitals as signs of God’s love. The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global, unprecedented modern experience of vulnerability. It has resulted in moral distress for doctors and health care workers in overwhelmed facilities. It has also revealed profound inequity in access to health care, the tragic consequences of the neglect of public health and its focus on communities, and the effects of poverty and marginalization on the risk of illness and death. This paper proposes insights from Catholic social teaching that can guide a renewal of public health by rebalancing duties to individuals and communities, and renewing medicine as a public trust. These insights can assist in reducing moral distress in scarcity.
The Role of Mercy in Public Health Policy
Authors: Rozier Michael ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2022

Mercy is a central idea of the Christian moral tradition, and Pope Francis’s papacy has only raised its profile in our collective moral consciousness. However, the concept of mercy is traditionally located at the individual level. This creates a challenge when studying moral questions related to public policy because one must either develop policy without its being informed by mercy or inelegantly apply what is primarily an individual-level concept to organizations and policies. To begin remedying this challenge, this article considers the question of mercy’s role in public policy by exploring public health policy as a starting point.
Is COVID-19 Vaccination Ordinary (Morally Obligatory) Treatment?
Authors: McTavish James , Eberl Jason T. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2022

Many Catholics have expressed hesitancy or resistance to being vaccinated for COVID-19, with magisterial authorities and influential Catholic organizations advocating divergent views regarding the moral liceity of the vaccines, the justification of vaccination mandates, and whether such mandates should include religious exemptions. We address each of these disputed points and argue that vaccination for COVID-19 falls within the definition of being an ordinary—and thereby morally obligatory—treatment. To that end, we offer a brief overview of the Catholic moral tradition regarding the development of the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary treatment, show how the Church morally evaluates vaccination as a good act, and underline the importance of positive witnessing in supporting vaccination.
The free Regularity of Imagination and natural Teleology. Kant and Aesthetic Cognition
Authors: Wolsing Peter
Published: September 2022

[Extract from Introduction] The coherence of Kant’s socalled third Critique is ambiguous despite the task that Kant undertakes to solve in it. As the title suggests and Kant’s analyses show it is the aim of the work to determine the transcendental conditions of reflective judgment including the application of its principles on aesthetic and natural phenomena which do not fall under scientific investigations but which are still based on the cognitive powers of the mind. It is commonly agreed that an inner connection of the two parts of the work – the critique of aesthetic and teleological judgment respectively - is unlikely and that any attempt to argue that they form a unity is risqué2. Despite its relation to the powers of cognition (imagination and understanding) the reflective judgment excersises its activity in two respects, namely in relation to aesthetic phenomena – the beauty of nature and of fines arts – and in relation to organic nature. These phenomena belong to strictly separate areas. Judgments about organic nature are teleological in the sense that they project a concept of purpose at the basis of the object for cognitive reasons; they aim at knowledge of how organic processes work. Against that, the aesthetic judgment is – Kant says – indifferent to the knowledge of its object; it concerns the beauty of the object just focusing on the object’s sensible form in so far as the judgment of this form occasions a feeling of delight in us. Whereas the teleological judgment thus claims to be objective (though Kant’s critique shows that it fails to be so), the aesthetic judgment expresses the subjective affection we experience via the judgment of the (aesthetically relevant) form of the object.It is this separation that I intend to question. I suggest that both aesthetic and teleological judgment respectively express ways of cognizing the world that do not exclude but rather supplement each other. More specifically, I argue that all through his third Critique Kant tries to keep separate what are really two different aspects of one and the same issue, namely the cognition of organic nature through a conceptual (scientific) and through a sensous (aesthetical) approach.
Literature as ethics: Stanley Cavell, Robert Musil, and the scope of moral perfectionism
Authors: Blok Mette
Published: September 2022

“But can philosophy become literature and still know itself?” With this pointed question the American philosopher Stanley Cavell famously ended his monumental work The Claim of Reason (1979), thereby expressing his vision for the relation between philosophy and literature.
Descartes’ Atomism of Thought: A Solution to the Puzzle about True and Immutable Natures
Authors: Burgess Steven
Published: September 2022

Central to Descartes’ philosophy is a view about immutable essences and eternal truths. After mentioning a Platonist account of recollection in Meditation V, Descartes declares that the ideas we have of mathematical notions “are not my invention but have their own true and immutable natures” (AT VII, 64/CSM II, 44).Descartes claims that other important philosophical notions, such as God, mind, body, and human free will (AT VII, 68; AT VIII-2, 348; AT III, 383; AT VII, 433, respectively), also have immutable natures or essences. Although Descartes says a good many things about this view, nowhere does he offer definitive doctrine on the matter, and in fact frequently confuses his reader with apparently inconsistent pronouncements about immutable natures and eternal truths. In this essay, I focus on the immutable natures and propose a solution to two of the main problems associated with Descartes’ position, the metaphysical status of immutable natures and the purported indivisibility of their existence as ideas in the mind
Cavell’s Challenge. Cynicism and Moral Realism in Light of the Later Wittgenstein
Authors: Eriksen Cecilie
Published: September 2022

Legitimacy challenges are part of human societies. Whenever we recognise a person, law, ideal or institution as authoritative, questions can be raised about their legitimacy. Why follow this law? Why strive to honour this moral ideal? If such questions are repeatedly raised, they pose an undermining threat to the authorities in question. This is good if the challenged law or ideal is harmful, but problematic, if it is beneficial. Where the first kind of legitimacy challenges are raised by ethical pioneers and moral critics, the last kind are posed by cynics, who disregard the demands of law and morality when they conflict with their interests. The threat to human society caused by cynicism is part of the reason why philosophers since Plato have sought to address and rid society of it.This article discusses how philosophy can deal with cynicism. It does so by firstly looking at how Anthony Holiday defends a moral realist theory and disproves ‘the theory of cynicism’ as well as tries to subvert real life cynics. Secondly, the work of the later Wittgenstein is used to discuss Holiday’s approach, finding it to some extent wanting in both its theoretical and practical aims.Lastly, inspired by Stanley Cavell’s thinking it is suggested that cynicism calls for not only problem solving and problem dissolving, but also something we might call reconciliation.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Rasmussen Jesper Lundsfryd
Published: September 2022

Ingen abstract
Hegel på dansk (1974-2020) Oversigt over Hegel-tekster i dansk oversættelse
Authors: Ploug Anna Cornelia , Mathorne William Toke
Published: September 2022

Henvisninger er som udgangspunkt til den tilsvarende tekst i Suhrkamp-udgaven: Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Werke in zwanzig Bänden (Theoriewerkausgabe). Redigeret af Eva Moldenhauer og Karl Markus Michels. 20 bd. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1969–1971. Forkortet i følgende oversigt som TW [bd.]. I de tilfælde, hvor oversættelsen er af en tekst, der ikke er trykt i Suhrkamp, er enten forfatterens egen kildeangivelse eller en autoritativ udgave opgivet som forlæg. Oversigten er baseret på Poul Kragh Jensens ”Skandinavisk Hegel-bibliografi, 1985-2002” i Slagmarks temanummer om Hegel fra 2002 og jævnført af Anna Cornelia Ploug og William Mathorne, september 2020.
"Hvormed må videnskaben gøre sin begyndelse?" af Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Authors: Poulsen Anders Hee Nørbjerg , Rasmussen Jesper Lundsfryd
Published: September 2022

Oversættelse ved Anders Hee Nørbjerg Poulsen og Jesper Lundsfryd Rasmussen
El Consejo de Administración y la toma de decisiones Internacionales
Authors: Pérez-Calero Sánchez Leticia , Villegas Periñán Mª del Mar , Barroso Castro Carmen
Published: September 2022

Este trabajo desarrolla una visión de cómo elementos particulares del capital humano y social del consejo pueden afectar de manera positiva al desempeño internacional de la empresa. Bajo la consideración de que el consejo es un participante activo en la gestión de la empresa, se establecen y prueban una serie de argumentos relacionados con la contribución del consejo en la adopción de decisiones internacionales. Concretamente, nuestros resultados apuntan a la necesidad de incorporar miembros al consejo con altos niveles de educación y background internacional, capaces de aprender y procesar información, y con el conocimiento especializado necesario para ayudar a la toma de decisiones internacionales. Por su parte, tal y como muestran nuestros resultados, un alto grado de conectividad externa de los consejeros podría tener repercusiones negativas para la internacionalización, ya que estos limitan el tiempo dedicado al propio consejo y, por lo tanto la cohesión y confianza dentro del mismo. Las implicaciones de esta investigación, por lo tanto, son importantes tanto para los ejecutivos y académicos, en la medida en que les ayuda a conocer qué atributos contribuyen a que un consejo de administración sea efectivo en la búsqueda de unos mejores resultados de la empresa en el ámbito internacional.
La evolución institucional de la propiedad y de los derechos subjetivos en los siglos XVI y XVII en España
Authors: Fernández Álvarez Ángel Manuel
Published: September 2022

Como consecuencia de la enorme cantidad de oro y plata procedente de los territorios de ultramar del imperio español, los escolásticos españoles identificaron las relaciones causales que son responsables del crecimiento económico como, entre otras, la propiedad privada, los contratos, los presupuestos públicos, la política fiscal, el comercio internacional o la inflación. En primer lugar, el estudio presenta una propuesta de clasificación de los autores de la Escuela de Salamanca, que permite un seguimiento de sus ideas acerca de la propiedad y de los derechos subjetivos. El estudio introduce también una clasificación de una Escuela Española de Economía, debido a la identificación de los principios del crecimiento en economía que defendieron los escolásticos españoles como conjunto de autores. En segundo lugar, el estudio analiza la evolución institucional de las ideas sobre la propiedad y los derechos subjetivos en autores de los siglos XVI y XVII desde Francisco de Vitoria hasta Juan de Mariana. Los escolásticos españoles explicaron claramente conceptos económicos principales e instituciones morales, que se han reflejado en las obras de autores posteriores. Añadieron argumentos poderosos para la protección estricta de la propiedad privada y los derechos subjetivos de los ciudadanos en contra de la razón de Estado y de los tiranos, que constituyen conceptos clave de una sociedad abierta.
Caracterización del emprendimiento autónomo en España. Un análisis desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Castro Núñez Belén , Santero Sánchez Rosa
Published: September 2022

La creciente incorporación de la mujer en el mercado laboral español en las últimas décadas ha puesto de manifiesto desigualdades de género que afectan tanto a los indicadores de participación, como la tasa de actividad o de paro, como a las condiciones laborales (tipo de jornada, duración del contrato, salarios…). En el emprendimiento autónomo también se observan desigualdades. Esta investigación identifica y contrasta la existencia de diferentes características personales y laborales, incluyendo sus trayectorias laborales previas dentro y fuera del sector de emprendimiento, de las personas emprendedoras autónomas en España. Los resultados muestran que existen características que diferencian el emprendimiento autónomo desde la perspectiva de género, como el nivel educativo, la inestabilidad en la trayectoria laboral previa, el sector de actividad donde se emprende y la experiencia acumulada dentro del mismo. Esto permite avanzar en la identificación de perfiles específicos para hombres y mujeres, y pone de relieve la conveniencia de diseñar acciones diferenciadas por género para el fomento del emprendimiento.
Influencia de la estrategia promocional sobre las ventas de la Marca de Distribución versus Marcas de Fabricante en los canales supermercado e hipermercado: Un análisis a partir del método de regresión por pasos sucesivos
Authors: Marín Palacios Cristina
Published: September 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio de las estrategias promocionales, de una única categoría de producto, dirigidas al consumidor. En particular se centra en el estudio de la influencia que ejercen las estrategias promocionales realizadas por las Marcas de Fabricante (MF) en las ventas de toda la categoría, en general, y de la Marca de Distribución (MD) en particular. Utilizamos el método de Regresión por Pasos Sucesivos para obtenemos un Mix Promocional adecuado para la categoría de producto bebidas energéticas, en los dos canales de distribución hipermercado y supermercado. Con un nivel de significación del 95%, el display de la MF líder es la estrategia promocional que más influencia ejerce sobre las mismas, siendo esta influencia de un 86% en el canal supermercado y de un 66% en el canal hipermercado. De la misma forma, el display de la MF líder es la estrategia promocional que más influencia ejerce sobre las ventas de la MD, siendo esta influencia de un 83% y de un 64% en los canales supermercado e hipermercado, respectivamente.
Effects of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 knockout on mouse embryo development and lipid synthesis
Authors: Tian Huibin , Niu Huimin , Luo Jun , Yao Weiwei , Gao Wenchang , Wen Yang , Cheng Min , Lei Anmin , Hua Jinlian
Published: September 2022

Background

Lipid synthesis is an indispensable process during embryo and growth development. Abnormal lipid synthesis metabolism can cause multiple metabolic diseases including obesity and hyperlipidemia. Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and plays an essential role in lipid metabolism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of SCD1 on embryo development and lipid synthesis in a knockout mice model.

Methods

We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system together with microinjection for the knockout mouse model generation. Ten-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were used for zygote collection. RNase-free water was injected into mouse zygotes at different cell phases in order to select the optimal time for microinjection. Five sgRNAs were designed and in vitro transcription was performed to obtain sgRNAs and Cas9 mRNA. RNase-free water, NC sgRNA/Cas9 mRNA, and Scd1 sgRNA/Cas9 mRNA were injected into zygotes to observe the morula and blastocyst formation rates. Embryos that were injected with Scd1 sgRNA/Cas9 mRNA and developed to the two-cell stage were used for embryo transfer. Body weight, triacylglycerol (TAG), and cholesterol in Scd1 knockout mice serum were analyzed to determine the effects of SCD1 on lipid metabolism.

Results

Microinjection performed during the S phase presented with the highest zygote survival rate (P < 0.05). Of the five sgRNAs targeted to Scd1, two sgRNAs with relatively higher gene editing efficiency were used for Scd1 knockout embryos and mice generation. Genome sequence modification was observed at Scd1 exons in embryos, and Scd1 knockout reduced blastocyst formation rates (P < 0.05). Three Scd1 monoallelic knockout mice were obtained. In mice, the protein level of SCD1 decreased (P < 0.05), and the body weight and serum TAG and cholesterol contents were all reduced (P < 0.01).
Golpes e ditaduras latino-americanas no século XX: análises a partir da teoria marxista da dependência
Authors: Fidelis Thays Karolline dos Santos , Beltrão Gabriel
Published: September 2022

Apresentamos o debate sobre a natureza das ditaturas latino-americanas das décadas de 1960 e 1970 no seio da Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD). Apresentamos as formulações de alguns pesquisadores da TMD, demonstrando que a parte deles se aproximava (mesmo que de forma velada) à formulação da Internacional Comunista na análise de tais ditaduras, elaborando os conceitos de neofascismo e fascismo dependente. Marini, rejeitando essas formulações, elabora o conceito de Estado de contra-insurgência, respaldando sua elaboração na leitura do fascismo feita por Nicos Poulantzas. Apresentamos os argumentos dos autores expondo suas diferenças, enfatizando a diferença na base de análise de Marini e dos demais autores da TMD
Burden of Rare Genetic Variants in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection With High-risk Features
Authors: Wang Yu , Starovoytov Andrew , Murad Andrea M. , Hunker Kristina L. , Brunham Liam R. , Li Jun Z. , Saw Jacqueline , Ganesh Santhi K.
Published: September 2022

Importance

The emerging genetic basis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has been defined as both partially complex and monogenic in some patients, involving variants predominantly in genes known to underlie vascular connective tissue diseases (CTDs). The effect of these genetic influences has not been defined in high-risk SCAD phenotypes, and the identification of a high-risk subgroup of individuals may help to guide clinical genetic evaluations of SCAD.

Objective

To identify and quantify the burden of rare genetic variation in individuals with SCAD with high-risk clinical features.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for subsequent case-control association analyses and individual variant annotation among individuals with high-risk SCAD. Genetic variants were annotated for pathogenicity by in-silico analysis of genes previously defined by sequencing for vascular CTDs and/or SCAD, as well as genes prioritized by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and colocalization of arterial expression quantitative trait loci. Unbiased genome-wide association analysis of the WES data was performed by comparing aggregated variants in individuals with SCAD to healthy matched controls or the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This study was conducted at a tertiary care center. Individuals in the Canadian SCAD Registry genetics study with a high-risk SCAD phenotype were selected and defined as peripartum SCAD, recurrent SCAD, or SCAD in an individual with family history of arteriopathy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Burden of genetic variants defined by DNA sequencing in individuals with high-risk SCAD.

Results

This study included a total of 336 participants (mean [SD] age, 53.0 [9.5] years; 301 female participants [90%]). Variants in vascular CTD genes were identified in 17.0% of individuals (16 of 94) with high-risk SCAD and were enriched (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.2; P = 7.8 × 10−4) as compared with gnomAD, with leading significant signals in COL3A1 (OR, 13.4; 95% CI, 4.9-36.2; P = 2.8 × 10−4) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome genes (OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.9-21.2; P = 2.0 × 10−3). Variants in GWAS-prioritized genes, observed in 6.4% of individuals (6 of 94) with high-risk SCAD, were also enriched (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.6-8.2; P = 7.4 × 10−3). Variants annotated as likely pathogenic or pathogenic occurred in 4 individuals, in the COL3A1, TGFBR2, and ADAMTSL4 genes. Genome-wide aggregated variant testing identified novel associations with peripartum SCAD.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this genetic study, approximately 1 in 5 individuals with a high-risk SCAD phenotype harbored a rare genetic variant in genes currently implicated for SCAD. Genetic screening in this subgroup of individuals presenting with SCAD may be considered.
Same-Day Home Recovery for Benign Foregut Surgery
Authors: Teh Swee H. , Schecter Samuel C. , Servais Edgar B. , Liu Kingsway , Svahn Jonathan , Yang Lisa , Goodstein Monica , Parent Richard , Chau Edward , Chang Lynn , Zhou Minhoa , Shiraga Sharon , Knox Michelle
Published: September 2022

Importance

Same-day home recovery (SHR) is now the standard of care for many major surgical procedures and has the potential to become standard practice for benign foregut procedures (eg, hiatal hernia repair, fundoplication, and Heller myotomy).

Objective

To determine whether SHR for patients undergoing benign foregut surgery is feasible, safe, and effective.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study took place across 19 medical centers within an integrated health care system in northern California from January 2019 through September 2021. Participants included consecutive patients undergoing elective benign foregut surgery.

Exposures

Standardized SHR program.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was the rate of SHR. The secondary end points were 7-day and 30-day rates of postoperative emergency department visits, hospital readmissions, and reoperations.

Results

Of 1248 patients who underwent benign foregut surgery from January 2017 through September 2021, 558 were patients before implementation of the SHR program and 690 were patients postimplementation. The mean age of patients was 60 years, and 759 (59%) were female. The preimplementation SHR rate was 64 of 558 patients (11.5%) in 2018 and increased to 82 of 113 patients (72.6%) by 2021 (94/350 [26.9%] in 2019 and 112/227 [49.3%] in 2020; P < .001). There were no statistical differences in the 7-day and 30-day rates of postoperative emergency visits, hospital readmissions, and reoperations or 30-day mortality in the SHR vs non-SHR groups in the postimplementation era.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, implementation of a regional SHR program among patients undergoing elective benign foregut surgery was feasible, safe, and effective. The changes in perioperative care require comprehensive patient education and full multidisciplinary support. An SHR program for benign foregut procedures has the potential to improve patient care and cost-effectiveness in care delivery.
Myelin‐associated glycoprotein alters the neuronal secretome and stimulates the release of TGFβ and proteins that affect neural plasticity
Authors: Stewart Vanessa D. , Cadieux Justine , Thulasiram Matsya R. , Douglas Tinsley Claire , Drewnik Dennis A. , Selamat Suhaila , Lao Ying , Spicer Victor , Hannila Sari S.
Published: September 2022

Myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) and Nogo inhibit neurite outgrowth by binding to receptors such as NgR1, PirB and LRP1, and they have also been shown to induce phosphorylation of Smad2, a key intermediate in the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling pathway. In this study, we determined that MAG and Nogo do not transactivate the TGFβ receptor through their canonical receptors or discoidin domain receptor 1, which we identified as a novel receptor for MAG and Nogo. Instead, MAG and Nogo promoted Smad2 phosphorylation by stimulating secretion of TGFβ. Proteomic analysis of the neuronal secretome revealed that MAG also regulated the secretion of proteins that affect central nervous system plasticity—inducing the secretion of S100A6, septin‐7 and neurofascin 186, while inhibiting the secretion of frataxin, MAP6, syntenin‐1 and GAP‐43. This represents a novel function for MAG that has broad implications for the treatment for spinal cord injury.
Electric Field Guided Fast and Oriented Assembly of MXene into Scalable Pristine Hydrogels for Customized Energy Storage and Water Evaporation Applications
Authors: Dutta Pronoy , Deb Sujit Kumar , Patra Amalika , Majumdar Abhisek , Karim Golam Masud , Parashar Chintak Kamalesh , Mohanta Manoj Kumar , Qureshi Mohammad , Maiti Uday Narayan
Published: September 2022

The assembly of MXene nanosheets into a hydrogel framework is key to their grand success in practical applications. However, the scalable realization of such stable structures is challenging and requires critically high dispersion concentration for gelation. Herein, a simple yet highly controllable approach for the development of 2D and 3D monolithic hydrogels of MXene via electro‐tunable ordered assembly is reported. Directional electrophoretic drag of MXene and their gelation by voltage‐controlled in situ released ions at the electrode interface gives rise to stable hydrogels with tunable sheet orientations. Nanosheets can be arranged in‐plane or out‐of‐plane depending on the parallel or radial field created by customized electrode assembly. Further, the gelation rate can be easily regulated by the applied potential to achieve self‐standing hydrogel films in a few tens of seconds. The 2D hydrogels display excellent supercapacitive performance of 395 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 with high retention of 42% at 5000 mV s−1. In another customized application, the 3D‐monolithic MXene hydrogel displays outstanding performance as a solar‐thermal evaporator on behalf of its vertical sheet orientations, showing an excellent evaporation rate of 1.91 kg m−2 g−1. This simple, fast, scalable, and sheet orientation‐controlled assembly can pave the way for future development of MXene hydrogels and beyond.
Biodegradable and Antioxidant DNA Hydrogel as a Cytokine Delivery System for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Zhenghao , Li Wei , Gou Liping , Zhou Ye , Peng Ge , Zhang Jiayi , Liu Jiaye , Li Ruoqing , Ni Hengfan , Zhang Wanli , Cao Ting , Cao Qi , Su Hong , Han Yuan‐Ping , Tong Nanwei , Fu Xianghui , Ilegems Erwin , Lu Yanrong , Berggren Per‐Olof , Zheng Xiaofeng , Wang Chengshi
Published: September 2022

Impaired diabetic wound healing is associated with the persistence of chronic inflammation and excessive oxidative stress, which has become one of the most serious clinical challenges. Wound dressings with anti‐inflammatory and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging properties are desirable for diabetic wound treatment. In this study, a shape‐adaptable, biodegradable, biocompatible, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory interleukin‐33 (IL‐33)‐cytogel is developed by encapsulating IL‐33 into physically cross‐linked DNA hydrogels and used as wound dressings to promote diabetic wound healing. The porous microstructures and biodegradable properties of the IL‐33‐cytogel ensure the local sustained‐release of IL‐33 in the wound area, where the sustained‐release of IL‐33 is maintained for at least 7 days. IL‐33‐cytogel can induce local accumulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as M1‐to‐M2 transition at the wound sites. Additionally, the antioxidant and biocompatible characteristics of DNA hydrogels promote the scavenging of intracellular ROS without affecting cell viability. As a result, local inflammation in the diabetic wound area is resolved upon IL‐33‐cytogel treatment, which is accompanied by improved granulation tissue regeneration and accelerated wound closure. This study demonstrates a promising strategy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by incorporating DNA hydrogels and cytokine immunotherapy for promoting diabetic wound healing.
Injectable Prevascularized Mature Adipose Tissues (iPAT) to Achieve Long‐Term Survival in Soft Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Louis Fiona , Sowa Yoshihiro , Irie Shinji , Higuchi Yuriko , Kitano Shiro , Mazda Osam , Matsusaki Michiya
Published: September 2022

Soft tissue regeneration remains a challenge in reconstructive surgery. So far, both autologous fat implantations and artificial implants methods used in clinical applications lead to various disadvantages and limited lifespan. To overcome these limitations and improve the graft volume maintenance, reproducing a mature adipose tissue already including vasculature structure before implantation can be the solution. Therefore, injectable prevascularized adipose tissues (iPAT) are made from physiological collagen microfibers mixed with human mature adipocytes, adipose‐derived stem cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, embedded in fibrin gel. Following murine subcutaneous implantation, the iPAT show a higher cell survival (84% ± 6% viability) and volume maintenance after 3 months (up to twice heavier) when compared to non‐prevascularized balls and liposuctioned fat implanted controls. This higher survival can be explained by the greater amount of blood vessels found (up to 1.6‐fold increase), with balanced host anastomosis (51% ± 1% of human/mouse lumens), also involving infiltration by the lymphatic and neural vasculature networks. Furthermore, with the cryopreservation possibility enabling their later reinjection, the iPAT technology has the merit to allow noninvasive soft tissue regeneration for long‐term outcomes.
Augmented DNA Nanoarchitectures: A Structural Library of 3D Self‐Assembling Tensegrity Triangle Variants
Authors: Woloszyn Karol , Vecchioni Simon , Ohayon Yoel P. , Lu Brandon , Ma Yinglun , Huang Qiuyan , Zhu Eric , Chernovolenko Daniel , Markus Tiffany , Jonoska Nataša , Mao Chengde , Seeman Nadrian C. , Sha Ruojie
Published: September 2022

The DNA tensegrity triangle is known to reliably self‐assemble into a 3D rhombohedral crystalline lattice via sticky‐end cohesion. Here, the library of accessible motifs is expanded through covalent extensions of intertriangle regions and sticky‐end‐coordinated linkages of adjacent triangles with double helical segments using both geometrically symmetric and asymmetric configurations. The molecular structures of 18 self‐assembled architectures at resolutions of 3.32–9.32 Å are reported; the observed cell dimensions, cavity sizes, and cross‐sectional areas agree with theoretical expectations. These data demonstrate that fine control over triclinic and rhombohedral crystal parameters and the customizability of more complex 3D DNA lattices are attainable via rational design. It is anticipated that augmented DNA architectures may be fine‐tuned for the self‐assembly of designer nanocages, guest–host complexes, and proscriptive 3D nanomaterials, as originally envisioned. Finally, designer asymmetric crystalline building blocks can be seen as a first step toward controlling and encoding information in three dimensions.
Boosting Oxygen‐Evolving Activity via Atom‐Stepped Interfaces Architected with Kinetic Frustration
Authors: Li Rui , Wu Ruoyu , Li Zhibin , Wang Jing , Liu Xiongjun , Wen Yuren , Chiang Fu‐Kuo , Chen Shi‐Wei , Chan K. C. , Lu Zhaoping
Published: September 2022

A highly active interface is extremely critical for the catalytic efficiency of an electrocatalyst; however, facilely tailoring its atomic packing characteristics remains challenging. Herein, a simple yet effective strategy is reported to obtain copious high‐energy atomic steps at the interface via controlling the solidification behavior of glass‐forming metallic liquids. By adjusting the chemical composition and cooling rate, highly faceted FeNi3 nanocrystals are in situ formed in an FeNiB metallic glass (MG) matrix, leading to the creation of order/disorder interfaces. Benefiting from the catalytically active and stable atomic steps at the jagged interfaces, the resultant free‐standing FeNi3 nanocrystal/MG composite exhibits a low oxygen‐evolving overpotential of 214 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 32.4 mV dec−1, and good stability in alkaline media, outperforming most state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. This approach is based on the manipulation of nucleation and crystal growth of the solid‐solution nanophases (e.g., FeNi3) in glass‐forming liquids, so that the highly stepped interface architecture can be obtained due to the kinetic frustration effect in MGs upon undercooling. It is envisaged that the atomic‐level stepped interface engineering via the physical metallurgy method can be easily extended to other MG systems, providing a new and generic paradigm for designing efficient yet cost‐effective electrocatalysts.
Super‐Amphiphilic Na2Ti3O7 Nanofibrous Film Enabling Water–Oil Miscibility
Authors: Hu Conghu , Hua Licheng , Huang Bin , Zhou Lüwen , Li Jinbang , Du Jianke
Published: September 2022

Due to their extraordinary affinity for both water and oil, super‐amphiphilic materials have garnered considerable interest. A Na2Ti3O7 (NTO) film with super‐amphiphilic properties that enable water and oil miscibility is offered. Multiple nanofibrous 3D porous nanostructures compose the super‐amphiphilic NTO layer. Up to 32–36 times its weight, the film has a high absorption capacity for water and poly‐alpha‐olefin (PAO). The average miscibility ratio of water to oil in the film is ≈6:5. The discovery of NTO nanofibrous film's super‐amphiphilic behavior has significant implications for the development of superwetting materials and their potential applications in the oil emulsion purification and catalyst anchoring industries.
Machine‐Learning Modeling for Ultra‐Stable High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Yingjie , Hu Xiaobing , Zhang Lu , Zheng Tao , You Jiaxue , Jia Binxia , Ma Yabin , Du Xinyi , Zhang Lei , Wang Jincheng , Che Bo , Chen Tao , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: September 2022

Understanding the key factor driving the efficiency and stability of semiconductor devices is vital. To date, the key factor influencing the long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains unknown because of the many influencing factors. In this work, through machine learning, the influences of five factors, including grain size, defect density, bandgap, fluorescence lifetime, and surface roughness, on the efficiency and stability of PSCs have been revealed. It is found that the bandgap has the greatest influence on the efficiency, and the surface roughness and grain size are most influential to the long‐term stability. A mathematical model is given to predict efficiency based on fluorescence lifetime and bandgap. Guided by the model, four groups of experiments are conducted to confirm the machine‐learning predictions and a PSC with 23.4% efficiency and excellent long‐term stability is obtained, as manifested by retention of 97.6% of the initial efficiency after 3288 h aging in the ambient environment, the best stability under these conditions. This work shows that machine learning is an effective means to enrich semiconductor physical models.
Stabilization of Lattice Oxygen in Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Oxides via Swing‐like Non‐Isothermal Sintering
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Han , Zhang Ding , Wu Lin‐Rong , Ma Jun , Yi Qun , Wang Zhaoxiang , Wang Xuefeng , Wu Zhen , Zhang Chu , Hu Naifang , Haw Shu‐Chih , Chen Jin‐Ming , Hu Zhiwei , Cui Guanglei
Published: September 2022

Redox from the holes at the O2p orbitals is a well‐known phenomenon in Li‐rich Mn‐based batteries. However, such an anionic redox process results in the formation of O2, leading to structural instability owing to unstable O2p holes. Herein, a swing‐like non‐isothermal sintering technique is used to stabilize the lattice oxygen by suppressing the formation of O2 during charging. It reduces both the number of intrinsic oxygen vacancies of the Li‐rich Mn‐based oxides and the formation of O2 during charging as compared with traditional constant high‐temperature sintering. Consequently, the number of holes generated during charging in the O2p orbitals increases, whereas the number of unstable O2p holes forming O2 decreases. Therefore, the sample prepared via swing‐like non‐isothermal sintering exhibited considerably slower voltage fading and better cycling stability. This study provides valuable guidelines for stabilizing the lattice oxygen and improving the structural stability of the oxide cathodes for electrochemical energy storage.
Assembly‐Free Fabrication of High‐Performance Flexible Inorganic Thin‐Film Thermoelectric Device Prepared by a Thermal Diffusion
Authors: Ao Dong‐Wei , Liu Wei‐Di , Zheng Zhuang‐Hao , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Wei Meng , Zhong Yi‐Ming , Li Meng , Liang Guang‐Xing , Fan Ping , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: September 2022

High relative contact electrical resistance and poor flexibility in inorganic thin‐film thermoelectric devices significantly limit their practical applications. To overcome this challenge, a one‐step thermal diffusion method to fabricate assembly‐free inorganic thin‐film thermoelectric devices is developed, where the in situ grown electrode delivers an excellent leg‐electrode contact, leading to high output power and flexibility in the prepared p‐type Sb2Te3/n‐type Bi2Te3 thin‐film device, which is composed of 8 pairs of p‐n junctions. Such a device shows a very low relative contact electrical resistance of 7.5% and a high power density of 1.42 mW cm–2 under a temperature difference of 60 K. Less than 10% change of the whole electrical resistance before and after bending test indicates the robust bending resistance and stability of the device. This study indicates that the novel assembly‐free one‐step thermal diffusion method can effectively enhance the leg‐electrode contact, the device thermoelectric performance, bending resistance, and stability, which can inspire the development of thin‐film thermoelectric devices.
Dynamic Task Space Control Enables Soft Manipulators to Perform Real‐World Tasks
Authors: Fischer Oliver , Toshimitsu Yasunori , Kazemipour Amirhossein , Katzschmann Robert K.
Published: September 2022

Dynamic motions are a key feature of robotic arms, enabling them to perform tasks quickly and efficiently. A majority of real‐world soft robots rely on a quasistatic control approach, without taking dynamic characteristics into consideration. As a result, robots with this restriction move slowly and are not able to adequately deal with forces, such as handling unexpected perturbations or manipulating objects. A dynamic approach to control and modeling would allow soft robots to move faster and handle external forces more efficiently. In previous studies, different aspects of modeling, dynamic control, and physical implementation have been examined separately, while their combination has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Herein, the accuracy of the dynamic model of the multisegment continuum robot is improved by adding new elements that include variable stiffness and actuation behavior. Then, this improved model is integrated with state‐of‐the‐art system identification and dynamic task space control and experiments are performed to validate this combination on a real‐world manipulator. As a means of encouraging future research on dynamic control for soft robotic manipulators, the source code is made available for modeling, control, and system identification, along with the recipes for fabricating the manipulator.