bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Coxiella burnetii T4SS effector protein AnkG hijacks the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex for reprogramming host cell transcription
Authors: Cordsmeier Arne , Rinkel Sven , Jeninga Myriam , Schulze-Luehrmann Jan , Ölke Martha , Schmid Benedikt , Hasler Daniele , Meister Gunter , Häcker Georg , Petter Michaela , Beare Paul A. , Lührmann Anja
Published: February 2022

Inhibition of host cell apoptosis is crucial for survival and replication of several intracellular bacterial pathogens. To interfere with apoptotic pathways, some pathogens use specialized secretion systems to inject bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytosol. One of these pathogens is the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of the zoonotic disease Q fever. In this study, we analyzed the molecular activity of the anti-apoptotic T4SS effector protein AnkG (CBU0781) to understand how C. burnetii manipulates host cell viability. We demonstrate by co- and RNA-immunoprecipitation that AnkG binds to the host cell DExD box RNA helicase 21 (DDX21) as well as to the host cell 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP) complex, an important regulator of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). The co-immunoprecipitation of AnkG with DDX21 is probably mediated by salt bridges and is independent of AnkG-7SK snRNP binding, and vice versa. It is known that DDX21 facilitates the release of P-TEFb from the 7SK snRNP complex. Consistent with the documented function of released P-TEFb in RNA Pol II pause release, RNA sequencing experiments confirmed AnkG-mediated transcriptional reprogramming and showed that expression of genes involved in apoptosis, trafficking, and transcription are influenced by AnkG. Importantly, DDX21 and P-TEFb are both essential for AnkG-mediated inhibition of host cell apoptosis, emphasizing the significance of the interaction of AnkG with both, the DDX21 protein and the 7SK RNA. In line with a critical function of AnkG in pathogenesis, the AnkG deletion C. burnetii strain was severely affected in its ability to inhibit host cell apoptosis and to generate a replicative C. burnetii-containing vacuole. In conclusion, the interference with the activity of regulatory host cell RNAs mediated by a bacterial effector protein represent a novel mechanism through which C. burnetii modulates host cell transcription, thereby enhancing permissiveness to bacterial infection.
No difference in the maximum frost hardiness of different pedunculate oak populations in Finland
Authors: Repo Tapani , Volanen Virva , Pulkkinen Pertti
Published: February 2022

The natural northern distribution limit for pedunculate oak ( L.) is in southern Finland. We hypothesized that the maximum frost hardiness (FH) in the winter limited the cultivation of oaks in northern latitudes. We tested the hypothesis with controlled freezing tests in midwinter. The acorns for the experiment were collected from the four main oak populations in southernmost Finland. The seedlings were raised in the nursery, frost hardened in field conditions, and then moved to a growth chamber at â2 Â°C on two occasions in winter and tested for FH in controlled freezing tests. Frost hardiness was assessed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) based on the low temperature exotherm (LTE) and relative electrolyte leakage (REL) of the stem, and visual damage scoring (VD) of the buds and stem. The initiation and peak of the LTE took place at an average of â41 Â°C and â43 Â°C respectively, without differences among the populations. The variation in the initiation and peak of the LTE was high, ranging from â34.6 Â°C to â45.5 Â°C and from â37.1 Â°C to â46.9 Â°C respectively. According to the REL method, the frost hardiness of the populations ranged from â44.0 Â°C to â46.4 Â°C in February and from â40.6 Â°C to â41.6 Â°C in March, without significant differences among the populations. According to VD, the bud was the least frost hardy organ, with FH between â19 Â°C and â33 Â°C, depending on population and assessment time. We conclude that the maximum hardiness may set the limit for the distribution of pedunculate oak northwards, but the high within-population variation offers potential to breed more frost hardy genotypes.Quercus roburmaxmax
Filosofia, educação a descolonização epistêmica do saber
Authors: Teles de Castro Dannyel , Apoluceno de Oliveira Ivanilde
Published: February 2022

Apoio: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – Brasil – Código de Financiamento 001
 
Filosofia, educação a descolonização epistêmica do saber
Resumo: O artigo pretende abordar as possíveis contribuições da filosofia latino-americana e das filosofias e pedagogias indígenas na descolonização epistêmica do saber. Para tanto, investiga o trabalho de libertação da filosofia proposto Enrique Dussel e Raúl Fornet-Bettancourt, bem como a noção de colonialidade do saber, pensada por diferentes teóricos da concepção decolonial. Identifica-se a necessidade de compreender o Outro a partir dele mesmo como matriz de um processo decolonizador, e por isso propomos a leitura do trabalho do autor, filósofo e educador indígena Daniel Munduruku, a fim de identificar aspectos que nos ajudem a empreender um trabalho de reconfiguração e descolonização epistemológica.
Palavras chave: Filosofia indígena, Pedagogias decoloniais, Colonialidade do saber.
 
Philosophy, education and the epistemic decolonization of knowledge
Abstract: The article intends to approach the possible contributions of Latin American philosophy and indigenous philosophies and pedagogies for the epistemic decolonization of knowledge. To this end, we investigates the work of liberating philosophy proposed by Enrique Dussel and Raúl Fornet-Bettancourt, as well as the notion of coloniality of knowledge, thought by different theorists of the decolonial conception. The need to understand the other from himself is identified as the matrix of a decolonizing process, and for this reason we propose the reading of the work of the author, philosopher and indigenous educator Daniel Munduruku, in order to identify aspects that help us to undertake a work of epistemological reconfiguration and decolonization.
Key-words: Indigenous philosophy, Decolonial pedagogies, Cooloniality of knowledge.
 
Filosofía, educación y descolonización epistémica del conocimiento
Resumen: El artículo pretende abordar los posibles aportes de la filosofía latinoamericana y las filosofías y pedagogías indígenas en la descolonización epistémica del conocimiento. Para ello, investiga el trabajo de filosofía liberadora propuesto por Enrique Dussel y Raúl Fornet-Bettancourt, así como la noción de colonialidad del conocimiento, pensada por diferentes teóricos de la concepción descolonial. La necesidad de comprender al otro desde sí mismo se identifica como la matriz de un proceso descolonizador, por lo que proponemos la lectura de la obra del autor, filósofo y educador indígena Daniel Munduruku, a fin de identificar aspectos que nos ayuden a emprender un trabajo. de reconfiguración y descolonización epistemológica. 
Palabras clave: Filosofía indígena, Pedagogías decoloniales, Colonialidad del saber.
 
Data de registro: 08/01/2021
Data de aceite: 28/04/2021
Moral e Direito:
Authors: Coitinho Silveira Denis
Published: February 2022

Financiamento de Pesquisa: CNPq
 
Moral e Direito: uma relação peculiar
Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é defender a existência de uma relação peculiar pluridirecional entre a moral e o direito, bem como defender que a moralidade é melhor compreendida por sua autoridade normativa em segunda pessoa, especificamente nos casos que envolvem reivindicações de justiça. Para tal finalidade, inicio esclarecendo as características centrais da moralidade, ressaltando a sua natureza e autoridade normativa intersubjetiva. Posteriormente, investigo duas reivindicações de justiça, a saber, a injustiça epistêmica e a desobediência civil. Na conclusão, sugiro uma distinção entre moralidade privada e pública, argumentando que isto pode nos ajudar a compreender melhor a relação pluridirecional que existe entre a moral e o direito.
Palavras-chave: Normatividade; Ponto de vista de segunda pessoa; Injustiça epistêmica; Desobediência civil; Moralidade privada e pública.
 
Morals and Law: a peculiar relationship
Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to defend the existence of a peculiar pluridirectional relationship between morals and law, as well as to defend that morality is better understood by its normative authority in second person, specifically in cases involving claims of justice. To this end, I begin by clarifying the central characteristics of morality, highlighting its nature and its normative authority that is intersubjective. Subsequently, I investigate two claims of justice, namely, epistemic injustice and civil disobedience. In conclusion, I suggest a distinction between private and public morality, arguing that this can help us to better understand that there is a pluridirectional relationship between morals and law.
Key-words: Normativity; Second-person standpoint; Epistemic injustice; Civil disobedience; Public and private morality.
 
Moral y Derecho: una relación peculiar
Resumen: El objetivo principal de este trabajo es defender la existencia de una peculiar relación pluridireccional entre moral y derecho, así como defender que la moral se entiende mejor por su autoridad normativa en segunda persona, específicamente en los casos de pretensiones de justicia. Para ello, comienzo por aclarar las características centrales de la moral, destacando su naturaleza y su autoridad normativa que es intersubjetiva. Posteriormente, investigo dos reclamos de justicia, a saber, la injusticia epistémica y la desobediencia civil. En conclusión, sugiero una distinción entre moralidad privada y pública, argumentando que esto puede ayudarnos a comprender mejor que existe una relación pluridireccional entre moral y derecho.
Palabras clave: Normatividad; Perspectiva en segunda persona; Injusticia epistémica; Desobediencia civil; Moral pública y privada.
 
Data de registro: 17/02/2021
Data de aceite: 05/07/2021
É a metafísica uma ciência a priori ou a posteriori? Suárez e a fundamentação da metafísica
Authors: Ribas Cezar César
Published: February 2022

É a metafísica uma ciência a priori ou a posteriori’?  Suárez e a fundamentação da metafísica
Resumo: Contra a interpretação de François Courtine, Rolf Darge afirma que para Francisco Suárez a metafísica é uma ciência que trata do ente entendido não como aquilo que pode ser objeto para a mente humana, mas como aquilo que é apto a existir de fato. A metafísica seria uma ciência real, entre outras razões, porque ela é uma ciência a posteriori. Este artigo pretende verificar melhor a afirmação de que a metafísica de Suárez é uma ciência a posteriori.  Pois, se de fato for assim, a interpretação realista que Rolf Darge oferece da metafísica de Suárez adquire maior plausibilidade.
Palavras-chave: objeto da metafísica; empirismo; realismo. 
Is metaphysics an a priori or an a posteriori Science? Suárez and the foundation of metaphysics.
Abstract: Against the interpretation of François Courtine, Rolf Darge affirms that for Francisco Suárez metaphysics is a science that deals not with being as that which can be an object for the human mind, but with being as that which is apt to actually exist. Metaphysics would be a real science, among other reasons, because it is a posteriori science. This article aims to verify the claim that Suárez's metaphysics is a posteriori science. If this is so, the realistic interpretation that Rolf Darge offers of Suárez's metaphysics acquires greater plausibility. 
Key-words: object of metaphysics; empiricism; realism.
La métaphysique est-elle une science a priori ou a posteriori ? Suárez et le fondement de la métaphysique.
Résumé: Contre l'interprétation de François Courtine, Rolf Darge affirme que pour Francisco Suárez  la métaphysique est une science qui traite de l'étant compris non comme ce qui peut être un objet pour l'esprit humain, mais comme ce qui est susceptible d'exister réellement. La métaphysique serait une vraie science, entre autres raisons, car c'est une science a posteriori. Cet article vise à mieux vérifier l'affirmation selon laquelle la métaphysique de Suárez est une science a posteriori. S'il en est ainsi, l'interprétation réaliste que propose Rolf Darge de la métaphysique de Suárez acquiert une plus grande plausibilité.  
Mots-clés: objet de la métaphysique; empirisme; réalisme.
Data de registro: 16/09/2021
Data de aceite: 20/10/2021
Моделирование процесса переноса «реакция--диффузия» в нелинейном электромагнитном поле
Authors: Уварова Людмила Александровна , Uvarova Lyudmila Alexandrovna , Лин Пхиьо Вэй , Linn Phyo Wai
Published: February 2022

Исследована модель двухкомпонентного массопереноса в неоднородной сферической системе, протекающего в нелинейном электромагнитном поле. Показано, что величины концентрации во внутренней области, на границе областей, а также концентрации, пересекшей границу и попавшей во вторую область, зависят от параметра нелинейности электродинамической задачи.
О согласовании ориентаций тензорных элементов площади
в микрополярном континууме, погружаемом во внешнее плоское пространство
Authors: Мурашкин Евгений Валерьевич , Murashkin Eugenii Valeryevich , Радаев Юрий Николаевич , Radayev Yuri Nikolaevich
Published: February 2022

Рассматриваются проблемы согласования ориентаций реперов для микрополярного континуума, погруженного во внешнее плоское пространство. На основе понятия элементарного тензорного объема (площади) \(M\)-ячейки, описывается алгоритм сравнения и согласования внешних пространственных ориентаций \(M\)-ячеек. Рассматривается процесс непрерывного переноса реперных направлений, ассоциированных с \(M\)-ячейкой. В результате можно вести речь об ориентации самого микрополярного континуума и его границы. Ориентированный континуум играет важную роль в микрополярной теории упругости, корректное построение которой возможно только в рамках псевдотензорного формализма и ориентируемого многообразия. В особенности это касается теории гемитропных упругих сред. Обсуждается псевдотензорная формулировка теоремы Стокса.
A critical analysis of racial disparities in ECE subsidy funding
Authors: Babbs Hollett Karen , Frankenberg Erica
Published: February 2022

Participation in high-quality early care and education (ECE) is associated with positive academic and social outcomes for children. However, Black and Latinx children are significantly less likely than White children to attend a high-quality ECE program, a disparity that may be linked to differences in funding. Using a critical policy analysis framework, we explored the extent to which Pennsylvania’s tiered funding policy, which awards greater funding to ECE providers with higher quality evaluation scores, differentially benefits children and communities along racial lines. We found that the average Black and Latinx children’s ECE providers received substantially less tiered funding than the average White child’s provider. Funding also varied by the racial composition of children’s communities, with providers serving children from predominantly Black communities receiving far less funding than providers serving children from predominantly White communities. Racial funding gaps widened over time as state policy changed to award greater tiered funding to providers with the highest quality scores. We discuss findings within the context of longstanding historical racism in federal ECE funding policy, and make recommendations for more racially just policy alternatives.
Critical policy analysis in education: Exploring and interrogating (in)equity across contexts
Authors: Diem Sarah , Brooks Jeffrey S.
Published: February 2022

This article is the introduction to a special issue of Education Policy Analysis Archives entitled, “Critical Policy Analysis in Education: Exploring and Interrogating (In)Equity Across Contexts.” The special issue presents contemporary critical policy analyses from the United States, Canada, and Australia, which collectively represent methodological, contextual, and theoretical diversity. Individually, they offer incisive critiques of policy processes and outcomes that shape the way equity, and indeed inequity, are manifest in situ. The articles represent a spectrum of approaches to understanding (in)equity in education and point out various ways that educators, scholars, policymakers, and activists can engage with systems to leverage change. In the article, the co-editors identify key themes that distinguish the special issue’s contribution and explain the importance of critical policy analysis as a relevant and necessary alternative to policy analyses that ignore issues of equity, social justice, and oppression.
Celoživotní učení pro rozvoj znalostí a kompetencí obyvatel zohledňující podmínky pro místní udržitelný rozvoj
Authors: Dlouhá Jana , Dvořáková Líšková Zuzana , Ježková Veronika
Published: February 2022

Článek rekapituluje teoretická východiska andragogiky a pokouší se je uvést do kontextu celoživotního učení, které by podpořilo aktéry udržitelného rozvoje na místní úrovni – zprostředkovalo by jim znalosti a dovednosti potřebné k tomu, aby mohli reagovat na stoupající požadavky rychle se měnícího světa. Takto zaměřené programy mohou vycházet z konceptu místně zakotveného učení, sociálního učení a/nebo transformatinvího učení a nabývat různých forem. Autoři také diskutují strategické dokumenty celoživotního učení na evropské úrovni i v rámci ČR a uvádějí příklad inovativní metody založené na foresightu.
Comparative analysis of skin color in breast reconstruction using pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps
Authors: Kim Woo Hyeong , Choi Jun Ho , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong , Hwang Jae Ha
Published: February 2022

Background A recent concern in breast reconstruction procedures is skin color mismatch of the pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. With the goal of objectively quantifying the skin tone of the TRAM flap donor site, contralateral breast, and flap, a comparative study was conducted.Methods This study was conducted in July 2021, included 17 patients who received delayed breast reconstruction via TRAM flaps from January 2016 to December 2020 with at least 12 months of follow-up. Melanin levels and redness values of the flap, abdomen, and contralateral breast were measured in patients using a skin pigmentation analyzer. Furthermore, in 20 healthy women in their 40s to 60s, measurements were made of the abdomen, as well as breast.Results The contralateral breast had lower mean melanin and redness than the abdomen. The flaps had slightly higher melanin levels than the contralateral breasts. The flaps tended to have higher redness values, but the difference was not significant. The difference between the flap and abdomen was significant for melanin, but not redness. Preoperative radiotherapy did not affect skin tone. The upper abdomen showed lower melanin and redness than the lower abdomen.Conclusions The breast had a brighter skin tone than the abdomen. The upper abdomen showed brighter skin tone than the lower abdomen, and the area used as the donor site of the TRAM flap presented the same tendency. In the process of TRAM flap engrafting, the melanin level of the tissue decreases, and the redness value tends to increase slightly compared to the contralateral breast.
Efficacy of breast augmentation using an external breast tissue expander for a shorter period while applying higher pressure: a preliminary study
Authors: Oh Jeongseok , Kim Minseo , Oh Joonseok , Heo Chan Yeong
Published: February 2022

Background Various types of external breast tissue expanders have been found to be effective for aesthetic breast augmentation. However, their use has been limited when compared with implant-based breast augmentation due to the burdensome nature of their application. This article reports the possibility that external breast tissue expanders may be applied safely and effectively with higher pressure and shorter application time.Methods The participants comprised patients who desired breast augmentation using the EVERA-RAPHA device between January 2020 and March 2020. A double-blinded prospective study was conducted on two groups of eight patients each, with either 60 mmHg or 100 mmHg of pressure applied. Standardized photographs were taken and blinded measurements of volume and circumference were made. The Mann-Whitney and paired t-tests were conducted.Results Sixteen patients were evaluated after 1 month of treatment. The women in groups 1 and 2 (60 mmHg and 100 mmHg, respectively) used EVERA-RAPHA for 15.400± 0.704 and 15.300±0.477 minutes per day, respectively. The mean volume increases in groups 1 and 2 were 39.000±42.526 cc and 27.700±20.260 cc, respectively. No patients dropped out of the study. All patients reported that the device was tolerable. Mild bruising was found in 62.5% of the patients in group 2.Conclusions Breast augmentation using external tissue expanders can be a safe, effective, and practical option. Pressures of 60 mmHg or 100 mmHg can be safely applied for a shorter duration. Larger studies are needed to further confirm our findings.
Minimally invasive removal of facial foreign body granulomas
Authors: Choi Jaeik , Ko Geonil , Kwon Hyeokjae , Ha Yooseok , Kim Sunje , Kyung Hyunwoo , Oh Sang-Ha , Song Seung Han
Published: February 2022

Background Various materials, commonly called fillers, have been developed and are now used for cosmetic and reconstruction purposes. Indiscriminate injections of illegal and unknown substances have various side effects, among which foreign body granulomas are particularly difficult to treat. Surgical resection can be considered for small and well-defined foreign body granulomas, but complete resection is often impossible for wide facial granulomas, and postoperative deformities may occur. Therefore, this study presents cases where foreign bodies were evaluated using imaging studies and removed through minimally invasive procedures depending on their characteristics.Methods Thirty-five patients with chronic granulomas after illegal filler injections treated from 2012 to 2019 were enrolled. Clinically, these granulomas were classified into cystic and infiltrating groups according to the imaging study patterns. Patients in the cystic group underwent puncture and drainage, and those in the infiltrating group were first treated with intralesional laser treatment and then suctioned. If the results were insufficient, surgical removal combined with a lifting procedure was performed.Results All 35 patients were women, and their average age was 51 years. Surgery was successful in almost all cases, but four cases of insufficient removal and contour deformity were encountered during follow-up. Two patients underwent reoperation and two patients improved naturally.Conclusions In this study, we classified the characteristics of granulomas using preoperative imaging studies. Aesthetically favorable results were obtained using puncture and drainage and tumescent suction, along with, if necessary, surgical removal accompanied by a lifting procedure when removing facial foreign body granulomas.
Investigating teaching assistants’ participation in a simulated meeting in a United States University English course
Authors: Freedman Justin E. , Dotger Benjamin H. , Samburskiy Denis
Published: February 2022

In countries such as the United States and Canada, an increasing number of non-native English speaking graduate students work in the capacity of university teaching assistants. Over the past several decades, a number of communication challenges between non-native English speaking International Teaching Assistants (ITAs) and native English-speaking undergraduate students have emerged. Universities have responded by developing ITA education programs that aim to teach English for the specific purpose of university teaching. This paper examines how ITA education can provide ITAs opportunities for authentic practice and reflection of communicating in an instructional capacity. ITAs enrolled in an English course participated in a video-recorded clinical simulation – a form of situated practice in which individuals engage with an actor who is trained to interact with all participants in a consistent manner. ITAs met with an actor-portrayed undergraduate student who is visiting their teaching assistant to express concern about a group project. ITAs met in small groups following the simulated meeting to reflect on the shared experience. Qualitative analysis demonstrates that the simulated context elicited both challenges to comprehensibility and the use of strategies by students and ITAs to manage miscommunication, while working towards mutual understanding of the students’ concerns. Reflective discussions reveal how the ITAs evaluated approaches to communicating with a concerned student in an instructional context. Embedding clinical simulations in ITA education can provide opportunities for the situated practice of using language to communicate instructional decisions, and as a structured opportunity for supporting mutual understanding between ITAs and native English-speaking students.
The mF mode of authenticated encryption with associated data
Authors: Chakraborty Bishwajit , Nandi Mridul
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the demand for lightweight cryptographic protocols has grown immensely. To fulfill this necessity, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has initiated a standardization process for lightweight cryptographic encryption. NIST’s call for proposal demands that the scheme should have one primary member that has a key length of 128 bits, and it should be secure up to

2

50

−
1

{2}^{50}-1

byte queries and

2

112

{2}^{112}

computations. In this article, we propose a tweakable block cipher (TBC)-based authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) scheme, which we call

mF

{\mathsf{mF}}

. We provide authenticated encryption security analysis for

mF

{\mathsf{mF}}

under some weaker security assumptions (stated in the article) on the underlying TBC. We instantiate a TBC using block cipher and show that the TBC achieves these weaker securities, provided the key update function has high periodicity.

mixFeed

{\mathsf{mixFeed}}

is a round 2 candidate in the aforementioned lightweight cryptographic standardization competition. When we replace the key update function with the key scheduling function of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the

mF

{\mathsf{mF}}

mode reduces to

mixFeed

{\mathsf{mixFeed}}

. Recently, the low periodicity of AES key schedule is shown. Exploiting this feature, a practical attack on

mixFeed

{\mathsf{mixFeed}}

is reported. We have shown that multiplication by primitive element satisfies the high periodicity property, and we have a secure instantiation of

mF

{\mathsf{mF}}

, a secure variant of

mixFeed

{\mathsf{mixFeed}}

.
Structure of coincidence isometry groups
Authors: Deng Guixin , Zhao Jinxing
Published: February 2022

Let

L

L

be a lattice of rank

n

n

in an

n

n

-dimensional Euclidean space. We show that the coincidence isometry group of

L

L

is generated by coincidence reflections if and only if

L

L

contains an orthogonal subset of order

n

n

.
Existence of random attractors and the upper semicontinuity for small random perturbations of 2D Navier-Stokes equations with linear damping
Authors: Li Haiyan , Wang Bo
Published: February 2022

The incompressible 2D stochastic Navier-Stokes equations with linear damping are considered in this paper. Based on some new calculation estimates, we obtain the existence of random attractor and the upper semicontinuity of the random attractors as

ε
→

0

+

\varepsilon \to {0}^{+}

on the two-dimensional space.
Syntheses and crystal structures of ethyltin complexes with ferrocenecarboxylic acid
Authors: Wang Ruili , Zhang Jing , Tian Laijin
Published: February 2022

Three new ethyltin complexes containing ferrocenecarboxylate, Et2Sn(OC(O)Fc)2 (1), [(Et2SnOC(O)Fc)2O]2 (2), and [EtSn(O)OC(O)Fc]6 (3) (Fc = C5H5FeC5H4), have been synthesized by the reaction of diethyltin dichloride with ferrocenecarboxylic acid in the presence of potassium hydroxide and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. In solid state, 1 is a weak dimer possessing a cyclic Sn2O2 unit formed by the intermolecular Sn⋯O interaction, and the tin atom has a distorted pentagonal bipyramid geometry. Compound 2 is a four-tin nuclear diethyltin complex with a ladder framework, and each tin atom adopts a distorted trigonal bipyramidal configuration in which two oxygen atoms occupy the axial positions. Compound 3 is a hexa-tin nuclear monoethyltin complex having a drum-shaped structure, and each of the tin atoms possesses a distorted octahedral geometry. The ferrocene units are attached to the tin atoms through the monodentate or bidentate coordinated carboxylates.
Automating Equipment towards Industry 4.0: A New Concept for a Transfer System of Lengthy and Low-Stiffness Products for Automobiles
Authors: Vieira Diogo , Silva Francisco J. G. , Campilho Raul D. S. G. , Sousa Vitor F. C. , Ferreira Luís P. , Sá José C. , Brito Marlene
Published: February 2022

Several products with a high length/section ratio and with a relatively low stiffness are used in the automotive industry, causing several problems because of a lack of stiffness. One of the examples where this occurs is in the production of Bowden cables, where automation has played a very important role in the flexibility of processes and product quality. Within this product family, conduits, one of the components of Bowden cables, have proven to be one of the points of continuous improvement. Currently, the production process for this type of component is done in a fully automated way, which proves the importance of automation. However, the need to manufacture different references means that the equipment used needs to be characterized by its high flexibility. This work aims to develop a new transfer system for conduit preparation machines, which are focused on increasing the range of references possible to manufacture without affecting the quality and productivity of the equipment. Thus, a new concept of conduit transport has been successfully developed, able to deal with lengthy conduits without lacking quality or experiencing breakdowns of the equipment. The concept used to overcome this problem can be extended to other equipment with similar problems, even in the manufacturing of other kind of products.
SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccination
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Jianying , Shi Pei-Yong
Published: February 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused global destruction since its emergence in late 2019. Over the past 2 years, the virus has continually evolved in human hosts, thus leading to the emergence of variants with altered viral transmission, disease severity, and evasion of immunity. Although vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been developed at an unprecedented pace, the emergence of variants has posed a constant threat to the effectiveness of the approved vaccines. In this Commentary, we review the key variants and discuss their implications in viral replication, transmission, and immune evasion.
Surgical Repair of Secondary Subaortic Stenosis in Congenital Heart Disease Without Initial Subaortic Obstruction
Authors: Cao Yuefeng , Fan Xiangming
Published: February 2022

Background: Secondary subaortic stenosis (SSS) is a rare heart disease of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). It usually occurs after cardiovascular correction with or without initial left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Because most patients with SSS are asymptomatic, many do not realize the need for reoperation until the obstruction worsens. Few studies suggest the characteristics and reasons of SSS without initial SAS. We conducted a retrospective study to describe the characteristics and surgical outcomes of these patients.
Methods: In this study, we examined a single-center retrospective cohort of SSS patients without initial SAS undergoing resection from 2010 to 2019. Patients are defined as secondary subaortic obstruction requiring surgery after cardiovascular correction. Demographics, perioperative findings, and clinical data were analyzed.
Results: Twenty-three patients had undergone secondary cardiac surgery for SSS without initial SAS during 10 years in our center. The median age at operation was 7.3 (4.0-13.5) years. In this study, the most commonly associated cardiac lesions were ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and coarctation arch hypoplasia (COA). The surgical techniques included membranous resection of five patients, fibromuscular resection of 17 patients, and reconstruction of the intraventricular baffle of one patient. The results of surgery in these patients are satisfied. The average LVOT gradient at the last follow up was 14.9 (7.8-26.2) mmHg. There was no operative mortality. Two patients had postoperative complications. The median follow-up period was 2.9 (1.1-4.3) years with one late death. Two patients (8.7%) had recurrence of stenosis.
Conclusions: Secondary subaortic stenosis is an uncommon heart disease. The reason is related to several causes, including missed diagnosis, unnoticed abnormalities of LVOT, and further changes of geometric morphology by intracardiac surgery. The results of surgery in these patients are satisfied. However, the recurrence of stenosis is still frequent.
Regarding the distribution of plastic waste within the surf zone of Yuzhne city beach
Authors: IEMELIANOV V.O. , NASIEDKIN Ye.I. , KUKOVSKA T.S. , MYTROFANOVA O.A.
Published: February 2022

The publication highlights a number of the problem aspects of the geoecosystem components pollution of the Black Sea Ukrainian sector by plastic waste and microplastics. On the field research and literature sources processing basis a question review was carried out and certain analytical generalizations were received. Emphasis is placed on the insufficient problem study degree of the shelf Ukrainian part pollution by synthetic and artificial polymers in comparison with similar areas of other Black Sea countries. This determines the need for initial systematization and identification of current research areas on this issue, and the field observations implementation and an information base creation. The conducted field works results in the area of Yuzhne city beach are presented, the main purpose of which was to study the peculiarities of plastic waste and microplastics distribution in current sand deposits and sea suspension of active recreation areas. Analysis of the obtained data involving of similar studies results presented in the available literature shows a low level of Yuzhne beach area pollution compared to some parts of the coast within the Mediterranean, North Atlantic, and Bulgarian sec- tor of the Black Sea. The conducted research allowed gaining practical experience, determining a certain arsenal of field research methods and getting a preliminary idea of pollution degree and plastic waste quality composition within Ukraine coastal city popular recreation area. Further problem state analysis, practical field work and the appropriate laboratory base development will increase the reliability of obtaining and processing data on volumes, sources and routes of plastic waste entry into the Black Sea ecosystems, as well as harmonize the processes of obtaining and processing data in accordance with established global methodologies and techniques.
Особливості руху катіонів і аніонів в розчинах електролітів
Authors: Булавін Л.А. , Жиганюк І.В. , Маломуж М.П. , Панкратов К.М.
Published: February 2022

Досліджено фізичну природу рухливості іонів і молекул води у розбавлених водних розчинах електролітів, коли на один іон припадає не більше п'ятнадцяти молекул води. Показано, що поведінка коефіцієнтів рухливості молекул води і іонів, а також коефіцієнтів самодифузії молекул води вирішальним чином визначається радіусами їх твердих оболонок, а не впливом сітки водневих зв'язків у системі. Встановлено, що вплив гідратаційних ефектів на значення густини системи і коефіцієнтів самодифузії молекул води не перевищує кількох відсотків. На основі мікроскопічних уявлень показано, що відмінна поведінка катіона K+ та аніона F–, що мають однакові жорсткі радіуси, добре узгоджується з особливостями міжмолекулярної взаємодії, яка описується узагальненим потенціалом Стілінджера–Девіда [1, 2].
Аналітичні та чисельні розрахунки фотопровідності поруватого кремнію
Authors: Монастирський Л.С. , Соколовський Б.С. , Павлик М.Р.
Published: February 2022

Представлено результати аналітичного та чисельного розрахунків фотопровідності макропоруватого кремнію зі сферичними і циліндричними порами. Проаналізовано залежність фотопровідності від швидкості поверхневої рекомбінації при різних радіусах пор (r0) та середніх відстанях (2R) між ними. Фотопровідність поруватого кремнію зростає при збільшенні відстані між порами і зменшується при зростанні радіуса пор або швидкості поверхневої рекомбінації. Показано, що у випадку малих значень відношень R до r0 між результатами аналітичного розрахунку та чисельного моделюванняметодом скінченних елементів існує суттєва різниця, яку зменшено (до 1%) шляхом введення коректуючого коефіцієнта в аналітичний вираз.
Кремнієві р-МОН та n-МОН транзистори з одновісно деформованими каналами у нанотехнології електронних приладів
Authors: Горін А.Є. , Громова Г.В. , Єрмаков В.М. , Когутюк П.П. , Коломоєць В.В. , Назарчук П.Ф. , Панасюк Л.І. , Федосов С.А.
Published: February 2022

Розглянуто вплив одновісного тиску на рухливість носіїв струму у кристалах n-Si та p-Si, який використовується при виготовленні n-МОН та p-МОН транзисторів. Представлено залежності поздовжнього і поперечного тензорезистивних (ТР) ефектів, отримано у кремнії p-типу для головних кристалографічних орієнтацій X ║ [100], X ║ [110], X ║ [111]. Стрімке зменшення поздовжнього ТР ефекту в p-Si зі збільшенням тиску пов'язано із зменшенням поздовжньої ефективної маси важких дірок і відповідним збільшенням їх рухливості при зростанні X. У кремнії n-типу зі збільшенням одновісного тиску X ║ [100] відбувається повне усунення f-переходів з міждолинного розсіювання при великому енергетичному розщепленні однотипних ∆1-долин (∆ε > 10 кТ), що веде до зростання при цьому рухливості електронів у температурному інтервалі 78–300 К. На величину  рухливості електронів у цьому температурному інтервалі зміна g-переходів при розщепленні однотипних ∆1 долин не впливає. Крім того, наведено технологічні розробки, які використовує фірма “Intel Corporation” при виробництві інтегральних мікросхем з одновісно-деформованими каналами МОН транзисторів.
Chemical Compounds of Coffee Ground and Spent Coffee Ground for Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Prihadi Anton Restu , Maimulyanti Askal
Published: February 2022

Coffee is one of the most valuable primary products in world trade. Coffee production generates a lot of coffee waste such as spent coffee grounds. The chemical components of the coffee ground and spent coffee ground were caffeine and chlorogenic acid. These components were important to apply in pharmaceuticals. This research conducted the identification of functional groups of coffee grounds and spent coffee grounds and analysis of the active compounds of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in the sample. Both samples have the same infrared spectrum and contain the main functional groups O-H, C-N, and C-H. The active substances in the spent coffee grounds were found to be caffeine 0.35% and chlorogenic acid 0.16%, while in coffee ground coffee before brewing it was obtained 1.41% caffeine and 1.50% chlorogenic acid. The waste of spent coffee grounds has a potential component and it can be used in pharmaceuticals.
O direito à convivência familiar de crianças e adolescentes: uma análise da responsabilidade civil por desistência de adoção
Authors: Custódio André Viana , Griguc Maurício Nader
Published: February 2022

O tema do artigo é adoção, mais especificamente a desistência da adoção e a possibilidade de responsabilização civil por danos morais sofridos pelos adotados. O objetivo é estudar a responsabilidade civil por desistência de adoção como dimensão de garantia do direito à convivência familiar de crianças e adolescentes. O problema questiona quais são as limitações para que se garanta o direito a responsabilização civil decorrente de danos morais suportados por crianças e adolescentes vítimas de adoções frustradas? A hipótese considera que a proteção legal relativa às desistências de adoções na legislação Brasileira não é precisa, deixando subentendido que o dano moral nesses casos se alicerça no Código Civil, o que pode gerar, em muitas situações, a inobservância do direito. O método de abordagem foi dedutivo e o método de procedimento monográfico com técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que a indenização por danos morais às crianças e adolescentes vítimas de desistência de adoção é cabível em qualquer momento, inclusive nas desistências ocorridas durante o estágio de convivência, desde que comprovado que se constituiu vínculo de intensidade tão forte, capaz de desencadear prejuízos emocionais e morais ao adotado.
BENEFÍCIOS DA REALIDADE VIRTUAL E ROBÓTICA NA REABILITAÇÃO DE PACIENTES COM ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA- REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Santos Fernanda Fernandes , Santos Dayana Da Silva
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A Esclerose Múltipla caracteriza-se como uma doença desmielinizante e autoimune, causada por inflamação no Sistema Nervoso Central, levando cada indivíduo a diferentes impactos, de modo que a neuroreabilitação, relacionada à tecnologia, pode ser indicada com o objetivo de facilitar o aprendizado motor através da interação homem-máquina.Objetivo:Avaliaros benefícios da Realidade Virtual e da Robótica, no tratamento fisioterapêutico de pacientes com Esclerose Múltipla. Métodos:Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, utilizando a lista de verificação PRISMA, com pesquisa realizada entre outubro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021. Incluídos: artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, em português/inglês, sobre o tema abordado e com pontuação de 6 a 10 na Escala Pedro. Excluídos: relatórios/estudos de caso, duplicatas e onde o título divergiu do tema abordado. Validando a estratégia de pesquisa, utilizou-se a ferramenta PRESS. Na extração de dados, utilizou-se a lista de verificação CASP e, no agrupamento dos dados, utilizou-se a diretriz SWiM. Excluídos: relatórios/estudos de caso, duplicatas e onde o título divergiu do tema abordado. Resultados: 705 artigos compuseram a amostragem inicial e após a aplicação dos critérios de avaliação, a amostra final totalizou 10 artigos, os quais foram avaliados quanto à qualidade metodológica, tipo de estudo, intervenção, resultados e conclusão obtidos. Conclusão: Embora existam variações no tratamento, a Realidade Virtual e a Robótica tornaram-se importantes aliadas no tratamento fisiológico de pacientes com Esclerose Múltipla. Destacamos a importância da criação de estudos, enfatizando pacientes com escala expandida do estado de incapacidade alta, para proporcionar maior confiabilidade quanto à aplicabilidade da técnica por meio da fisioterapia neurofuncional.
EFICÁCIA DA FISIOTERAPIA AQUÁTICA NA REABILITAÇÃO DE PACIENTES IDOSOS COM A DOENÇA DE PARKINSON: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Bispo Yasmin Varjão Gama , Guerra Adrielle Rizzo Dos Santos Vasconcelos , Santos Dayana Da Silva , Pinheiro Igor De Matos
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Idosos com doença de Parkinson necessitam da reabilitação multiprofissional para minimizar as perdas das habilidades gerais e a incapacidade. A fisioterapia aquática é uma das estratégias utilizadas na reabilitação destes pacientes por ser realizada em um ambiente mais seguro para as atividades, quando comparadas à terapia em solo. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura em relação a eficácia da hidroterapia em pacientes idosos com a doença de Parkinson. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos publicados no período de janeiro de 2010 a março de 2020, que avaliaram a atuação da fisioterapia aquática em pacientes com doença de Parkinson. Foram excluídos estudos que abordaram a realização da fisioterapia aquática associada a outras intervenções fisioterapêuticas. Avaliou-se a qualidade metodológica dos artigos selecionados por meio da escala PEDro. Resultados: O número de participantes nos estudos desta revisão variou entre 9 a 56 idosos, com doença de Parkinson idiopática, nos estágios 1 a 3 da Escala Hoehn e Yahr. A técnica mais utilizada foi a terapia aquática de Ai Chi e a maioria dos estudos realizaram as intervenções da hidroterapia duas vezes por semana. Os principais resultados das intervenções da fisioterapia aquática estão relacionados à melhora do equilíbrio, mobilidade, marcha, diminuição da percepção da dor, além de contribuir na modulação dos níveis BDNF e dos marcadores inflamatórios (MCP-1, IL-1ra e IL-1 β). Conclusão: A fisioterapia aquática é um método eficaz na reabilitação de idosos nos estágios leve a moderado da doença de Parkinson.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PREVALÊNCIA DE SÍFILIS NAS CIDADES DE PORTO ALEGRE E ALVORADA DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Abreu Ingrid Telles de , Jacociunas Laura Vicedo
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A Sífilis é uma doença infecciosa de evolução lenta causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum com características clínicas, imunológicas e histopatológicas distintas que alterna períodos sintomáticos e assintomáticos.  No Brasil, dados epidemiológicos demonstram um aumento significativo do número de casos de sífilis congênita e adquirida, nos últimos anos, sendo um importante problema de saúde pública. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de sífilis nas cidades de Porto Alegre e Alvorada da região sul do Brasil.Metódos: Análise de dados de pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde nas cidades de Porto Alegre e Alvorada, contidos no banco de dados de um laboratório de grande porte, no período compreendido entre os anos de 2018 a 2019. Os dados obtidos foram transpostos para uma planilha de EXCEL, e posteriormente analisados no programa StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences(SPSS), considerando-se com nível de significância p0,05.Resultados: Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a prevalência da sífilis na população estudada foi de 19,2% em Porto Alegre e 18,2% em Alvorada. Foi observado ainda aumento significativo, em ambas as cidades, de um ano para o outro, além da patologia demonstrar-se mais prevalente em mulheres no período estudado.Conclusões: O Brasil vem ampliando esforços na luta contra as epidemias e investe no desenvolvimento de ações para a promoção da saúde, a prevenção das infecções. Desta forma, mais estudos em períodos maiores devem ser desenvolvidos para continuar se estimando a prevalência desta doença bem como para traçar medidas de prevenção e controle.
First record of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from mangrove in Dam Nai area, Ninh Thuan province, central Vietnam
Authors: Thong Vu Dinh
Published: February 2022

Dam Nai is one of the twelve best known lagoons in south central Vietnam. Habitats in and around the largoon and its surroundings are quite diverse including mangrove, bushes, rice fields and fruit tree farms which are ecologically suitable for many animals including bats. However, bats in this area still receives very little attention from scientists. The author conducted a series of bat surveys since 2017 for the primary understanding of bats inhabiting this area before the establishment of a wind farm. The results show the records of two nationally rare fruit bat species, Cynopterus brachyotis and Macroglossus minimus, from mangrove in this area. Morphological features and detailed records of these two species are given in this paper with recommendations for further researches for conservation.