bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxic Theisms? New Strategies for Prebunking Religious Belief-Behaviour Complexes
Authors: Shults F. LeRon
Published: July 2020

This article offers a brief epidemiological analysis and description of some of the main cognitive (and coalitional) biases that can facilitate the emergence and enable the maintenance of a broad category of toxic traditions, which will be referred to here as “religious” belief-behaviour complexes (BBCs) or “theisms”. I argue that such BBCs played an “adaptive” role in the Upper Paleolithic and have continued to “work” throughout most of human history by enhancing the species’ capacity for material production and promoting its biological reproduction. However, today the theist credulity and conformity biases that surreptitiously shape these kinds of social assemblages have now become maladaptive in most contexts in the Anthropocene. In order to help address the pressing global challenges our species faces, such as extreme climate change, excessive consumer capitalism, and escalating cultural conflict, I commend the use of “prebunking” and other debiasing strategies in our attempts to reduce the toxicity of theisms in the body politic.
The bridge between theory and practice for supporting patient self-management: A clinical perspective for physiotherapists
Authors: Wilkinson Amanda , Mulligan Hilda , Snowdon Jessie , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: July 2020

Self-management behaviours, if constructively used, can assist people with long-term conditions to manage their health and wellbeing more effectively. The role of clinicians is to provide support for patient self-management because we know that incorporating constructive behaviours into daily life can be challenging for patients. The aim of this paper is to provide an opportunity for clinicians to understand how the content and delivery of interventions could support patient self-management. In this paper, we therefore highlight a number of theoretical frameworks that may assist clinicians to explicitly identify components of their interactions with patients. As an illustrative example, we use a self-management programme for fatigue, developed with people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in New Zealand. We believe that with a better understanding of behaviour change processes, clinicians have an opportunity to see the full range of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) available to them and how these could be used, to think more carefully about the BCTs they embed in their practice and, therefore, to critically reflect on how they could better support patient selfmanagement.
The Voice of the Ulema and Dilemma of the Indonesian Ulema Council’s Fatwa among Low Literate Society
Authors: Alnizar Fariz , Munjid Achmad
Published: July 2020

Some Islamic movements in Indonesia make the fatwas issued by the MUI as a reference for their actions. They recently found their momentum after the defence movements called 411 and 212. The proponents of the movements called themselves as Gerakan Nasional Pengawal Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (GNPF-MUI/The National Movement of Guardian of Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council). Employing a qualitative approach coupled with historical-causal paradigm this article examines the main question: Do the proponents of these movements substantially understand the fatwas they defend? The results of the research show that the fatwas have a dilemmatic position. On the one hand, there have been movements which insist on making the fatwas as “sacred opinion” that must be protected and guarded. On the other hand, people do not substantially comprehend the fatwas they defend. This problem has been caused, among others, by the cultural basis of the Indonesian society which put more preference on orality than literality or, explicitly, written tradition.
Fatigue in Parkinson’s disease: Brazilian validation of the modified fatigue impact scale
Authors: LOPES Josiane , ARAÚJO Hayslenne Andressa Gonçalves de Oliveira , SMAILI Suhaila Mahmoud
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Background: The instruments that measure the impact of fatigue on physical, cognitive and psychosocial aspects has yet to be validated in Brazilian population with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS-PD/BR). Methods: Ninety PD individuals were recruited. The adaptation of the MFIS-PD was performed by translation and back translation methodology. Psychometric analysis was applied in order to perform the administration of the socio-clinical questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS Part I-IV), Hoehn-Yahr disability scale (HY), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), fatigue severity scale (FSS), Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS-16), and MFIS-PD/BR with retest of the MFIS-PD/BR after 7 days. Results: The adaptation phase kept the same items of original MFIS-PD. The Cronbach’s alpha for the MFIS-PD/BR was 0.878 when all responses items were scored. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients was above 0.80 (p<0.01) for the MFIS-PD/BR score, which was moderately correlated with the HADS, GDS, MDS-UPDRS score total and non-motor experiences of daily living, FSS and PFS-16. It was revealed the MFIS-PD/BR>29 points as cut-off point to indicate fatigued subjects with accuracy of 0.835 (p<0.001). Conclusions: The MFIS-PD/BR is valid and reproducible to use in assessing the fatigue symptom in Brazilian PD subjects.
Seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii in sheep in semi-arid region of Ceará state
Authors: Moura Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira , Lelis Ivana Cristina Nunes Gadelha , Rocha Célio Souza da , Oliveira Ilanna Vanessa Pristo de Medeiros , Bezerra José Artur Brilhante , Calabuig Cecilia Irene Pérez , Martins Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli , Pinheiro Raymundo Rizaldo , Sousa Maxmiana Mesquita de , Santos Vanderlan Warlington Souza dos , Abreu Antônio Rafael Albuquerque , Antunes João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate in 20 extensive sheep farms for the seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) and Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. It was observed that C. pseudotuberculosis showed the highest prevalence in the region (34.07%) with statistically significant presence (p<0.05) in ewes. Antibodies to T. gondii was reported in 14.91% of the animals studied. About C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii coinfection the categories of rams showed significant (p<0.05) differences, suggesting that this gender could perpetuate the diseases in the flocks. It was concluded that the knowledge about the diseases in the region under study would facilitate the execution of prophylactic measures, especially against the diseases that pose risks to the public health and cause damages to the producer.
Dissatisfaction with life and associated factors in older community-dwelling adults
Authors: Reiners Annelita Almeida Oliveira , Azevedo Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza , Cardoso Joana Darc Chaves , Espinosa Mariano Martinez , Santana Aenne Zandonadi Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence of dissatisfaction with life and associated sociodemographic factors. Method: A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out. Data collection was performed using the Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS) questionnaire. A total of 573 older adults from the urban area were interviewed, selected through cluster sampling, stratified by sex. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square and prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI). For multivariate analysis, the Poisson Robust regression model was applied. Variables were entered into the model using the backward method. Results: The prevalence of dissatisfaction with life was 15.53%. Dissatisfaction with life was associated with women (PR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.02; 2.32), being illiterate (PR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.44; 4.60), having up to four years of schooling (PR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.01; 318) and having an income of less than two minimum wages (PR=3.29; 95% CI: 1.29; 8.42). In the multivariate analysis, being female (PR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.01; 2.25), being illiterate (PR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.42; 4.54) and having up to four years of schooling (PR=1.77; 95% CI: 0.99; 3.14) remained associated with dissatisfaction with life Conclusion: the prevalence of dissatisfaction is low. Dissatisfaction with life was associated with sex, education and income, in a bivariate manner. Sex and education were predictors of dissatisfaction with life. These findings reinforce the need for actions to promote social equality between men and women and to facilitate the access of older adults to education.
Effect of febuxostat on renal function in patients from South China with CKD3 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Wen Huang , Yongling Zhu , Shuying Zheng , Jiali Wang , Yanling Zhao
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of febuxostat on renal function in CKD stage 3 diabetic nephropathy patients. Methods: Patients in our hospital with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 diabetic nephropathy (DN) complicated by high serum uric acid (360 µmol/L) were recruited. Patients were then divided into treatment group and control group according to the random number table method. All the patients received low purine diet, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, and adequate routine hypoglycemic treatment. Febuxostat was employed only in the treatment group. The levels of blood uric acid (sUA), serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (cys-c), eGFR, 24-hour urine protein quantification, albuminuria, and creatinine ratio (ACR) were evaluated in all patients before and after treatment at 4, 8, 12, and 24 week. Results: No difference was found before treatment between the two groups. After treatment at 4, 8, 12, and 24 week, the levels of sUA, SCr, cys-c, and eGFR between the two groups were significant different (P<0.05). There was no difference in 24-hour urine protein quantification, albuminuria, and creatinine ratio between two groups before treatment, and significant differences were observed after treatment. Fifty percent of patients from the treatment group achieved the treatment goal with 20 mg febuxostat at 4 weeks. Tubular markers were also decreased with the treatment. Conclusions: Febuxostat can reduce uric acid and improve renal function effectively in patients with CKD stage 3 diabetic nephropathy, while being well tolerated. However, the conclusion is still uncertain due to the short term of the study.
Water footprint analysis of temporary crops produced in São Carlos (SP), Brazil
Authors: Reis Alan , Santos Alessandra Campos dos , Anache Jamil Alexandre Ayach , Mendiondo Eduardo Mario , Wendland Edson Cezar
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT This paper aims to evaluate the water footprint (WF) of temporary crops produced in the municipality of São Carlos, Brazil, between 2004 and 2017. The WF calculation was developed following the Water Footprint Network approach (WFN) and using CROPWAT model. The results were compared with the world averages and other studies that analyzed the same crops. We applied statistical tests to verify data behavior over the years and calculated correlation coefficients between WF components and crop yields. The results indicated low values of total WF for sugarcane (total average of 166.2 m3 ton-1) and tomato (total average of 97.2 m3 ton-1), while rice (total average of 5212.4 m3 ton-1) and groundnut (total average of 3865.8 m3 ton-1) showed the opposite. In general, WF components do not follow a monotonic trend, a normal distribution can be assumed and there is a statistically significant difference when comparing our findings with global mean values. These results ratify the importance of local WF studies, especially in Brazil, considering its importance in global agricultural market and the respective use of water resources.
MOVIMENTOS FEMINISTA, NEGRO E LGBTI NO BRASIL: SUJEITOS, TEIAS E ENQUADRAMENTOS
Authors: Facchini Regina , Carmo Íris Nery do , Lima Stephanie Pereira
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Este artigo examina processos de mudança nos movimentos feminista, negro e no atualmente conhecido como LGBTI. Objetiva produzir aproximações comparativas sobre a produção de enquadramentos e as formas de organização de cada um deles, considerando suas trajetórias nas últimas quatro décadas. É dada ênfase especial aos anos recentes e ao modo como as noções de experiência e interseccionalidade têm operado no período pós-2010, notadamente em iniciativas ativistas protagonizadas por jovens. Para tanto, lança-se mão de uma perspectiva teórica relacional e processual, em diálogo com estudos socioantropológicos que têm se debruçado sobre movimentos sociais. O artigo se baseia em material etnográfico e revisão de literatura.
O FÓRUM SOCIAL MUNDIAL COMO UM ESPAÇO EDUCADOR
Authors: Haddad Sérgio
Published: July 2020

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é analisar o Fórum Social Mundial, nascido no contexto dos grandes movimentos antiglobalização do final do século XX, como espaço educador. Este texto descreve a história do fórum, desde o lançamento, em Porto Alegre, no ano de 2001, até os dias de hoje, analisando-o na ótica dos estudos sobre os movimentos sociais. O foco analítico sobre os desafios dos processos educativos que se dão em seu contexto é fundamentado na concepção de educação popular. Este artigo debate os desafios políticos e metodológicos enfrentados ao longo desses quase 20 anos de existência do Fórum Social Mundial, apontando para questões futuras, numa conjuntura em rápida mudança. Trata-se de um ensaio construído a partir de revisão bibliográfica sobre documentos e a literatura pertinente.
O método natural e o pensamento complexo: uma relação possível para a educação escolar
Authors: Fortunato Ivan , Porto Maria do Rosário Silveira
Published: July 2020

Resumo Este artigo foi escrito com o objetivo central de mostrar como dois autores – Célestin Freinet e Edgar Morin –, aparentemente com trajetórias diferentes, aproximam-se pela necessidade de se construir uma outra escola, que não se preocupe somente em transmitir conteúdos abstratos e isolados da realidade concreta do seu alunado, mas que desenvolva um processo educativo que efetivamente se preocupe com o ser humano em toda a sua completude. Para tanto, buscou-se descrever, ainda que sumariamente, algumas pistas metodológicas para esse fim. No caso de Célestin Freinet, tem-se o método natural empregado por ele em sua ação pedagógica; de Edgar Morin, tem-se as noções de complexidade e transdisciplinaridade. Verifica-se, ainda, as ideias de mundo e de conhecimento em ambos. Dessa descrição, pode-se evidenciar a seguinte aproximação entre o pensamento dos dois autores: existe uma escola que desvitaliza, que compartimentaliza os conhecimentos, esvazia os conteúdos do que tem significado para os alunos, se preocupa mais em dar conta do currículo do que com a formação da pessoa humana, sendo necessário, pois, buscar maneiras de se formar um ser social integrado ao seu grupo particular e ao mundo em geral. Ao final, espera-se que essa aproximação ajude na busca por olhares distintos do que está posto na educação escolar, valorizando pensamento e emoção, o saber e o fazer, o futuro e o presente, enfim, a complexidade humana.
Empleo de la RT-PCR en la detección del SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mesa José Francisco Cancino , Castillo Adrián Alejandro Vitón , Torres Jorge Casí
Published: July 2020

Introducción: la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa es una técnica de alta precisión en la detección y amplificación de material genético.

Objetivo: describir las bases del empleo de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa como prueba diagnóstica en la detección del SARS-CoV-2.

Método: se realizó una revisión de la literatura en artículos publicados hasta mayo de 2020. Se consultaron las bases de datos: Scopus, Wiley Online Library, SciELO, DIALNET, EBSCO, MEDLINE y PubMed. Se recuperaron artículos en español e inglés, seleccionándose 43 referencias.

Desarrollo: la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa para detectar SARS-CoV-2 consiste en la lectura de la ARN polimerasa dependiente del ARN, fragmentos ORF1ab, el gen E, el gen N y el gen S. El exudado nasofaríngeo ofrece mejores resultados que el orofaríngeo y saliva como muestra. Resulta necesaria la inclusión de pruebas reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) que utilicen especímenes de hisopado rectal en casos sospechosos falsos negativos. Nuevos estudios y técnicas se elaboran con el objetivo de optimizar el proceso de detección.

Conclusiones: la disponibilidad de pruebas diagnósticas es crucial para el aislamiento de casos positivos y el seguimiento de la cadena epidemiológica de transmisión. La RT-PCR resultó ser la prueba de elección durante el período de replicación viral. La Prueba de amplificación isotérmica mediada por bucle (RT-LAMP) es una alternativa diagnóstica rápida con principios similares a la RT-PCR.
Türkçe Ders Kitaplarındaki Bilgilendirici Metinlerin ve Yapılarının İncelenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: MÜLDÜR Merve , ŞİMŞEK Nil Didem
Published: July 2020

Bilgilendirici metinler okul ve okul dışı öğrenmelerin temel kaynağını oluşturur. Bilgilendirici metin yapısını bilmek, bir öğrencinin dinlediği veya okuduğu metnin nasıl organize edildiğini anlamasını ve o metni hafızasında tutmasını kolaylaştırabilir. Öğrencilerin bilgilendirici metin yapılarını tanıyabilecekleri en önemli araçların Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki okuma ve dinleme metinlerinin olduğu söylenebilir. Türkçe ders kitaplarında bilgilendirici metin yapılarının her birine önem verilmeli, öğretim sadece bir metin yapısına odaklanarak yürütülmemelidir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı ders kitaplarında bilgilendirici metinlere ve yapılarına ne oranda yer verildiğini tespit etmektir. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden temel nitel araştırma kullanılmıştır. Çalışma materyalinin belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemine başvurulmuş, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında kullanılan altı Türkçe ders kitabı çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler nitel araştırmada veri toplama yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmış, betimsel analiz yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda incelenen tüm ders kitaplarında bilgilendirici metinlere öyküleyici metinlere oranla çok daha az yerildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca bilgilendirici metin yapılarından en çok tanıtıcı metin yapısına yer verildiği, sıralama, sebep-sonuç, problem çözme ve karşılaştırma metin yapılarına çok sınırlı sayıda yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bilgilendirici metin yapısı çeşitliliğine yer verme açısından Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından yayımlanan 6. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitabının diğer Türkçe ders kitaplarından daha hassas olduğu görülmüştür.
Extreme apartheid: the South African system of migrant labour and its hostels
Authors: Vosloo Christo
Published: July 2020

The migrant labour system was an historical system used to reconcile the conflicting need for cheap labour in the mines and cities, with the apartheid ideology that workers should not reside there on a permanent basis. Labourers were housed in a unique accommodation type that developed from the Kimberley Closed Compound into the Witwatersrand Mine Compound and ultimately the migrant labour hostel. During the late colonial and apartheid periods, the mining compounds and the migrant labour hostels, which formed a key element of this system, were designed (and functioned) as tools of control and repression. In time they became synonymous with violence, overcrowding and squalor. As with so many other political and social systems, dismantling the migrant labour apparatus, and undoing the harm it caused, often requires even more tenacious efforts over a period of time.
Remembering the Pass - Exploring curatorial reenactment in PASS-AGES: References & Footnotes
Authors: Crawshay-Hall Jayne
Published: July 2020

The exhibition, PASS-AGES: References & Footnotes (2010), curated by Gabi Ngcobo, was site-specific and took place at the former Pass Office in Johannesburg, a space not officially acknowledged as a struggle site. Ngcobo, recognising the potential for using dynamic display formats to mobilise a curatorial concept, brought memory to the fore by installing artworks at the Pass Office as reenactments of evidence. I argue that PASS-AGES invokes traumatic memory through curatorial reenactment, and indicates the potentials for reenactment to explore repressed histories that still hold presence in a contemporary moment. Memory is thus invoked as an additional "text" to mobilise the conceptual framework, akin to how remembrance is often used in the continuous struggle for justice. Employing an autoethnographic methodology, which describes an analytical approach used to critically examine the researcher's own experiences as a means to access greater understanding of cultural experience, I allow the reader to experience the exhibition through my own account. I argue that, as a nomadic curator, Ngcobo was freed from contextual, spatial, or methodological limitations traditionally bound to a colonial logic of curatorial practice. I convey that a nomadic curatorial approach can be adopted to critique traditional or institutional curatorial paradigms. To this end, I argue that Ngcobo was able to engage care in her practice by using reenactment to interrogate memory in a manner that may otherwise have been subdued within an institutional context.
Эпидемия COVID-19 и ответ здравоохранения в разных странах
Authors: Улумбекова Гузель Эрнстовна , Гиноян Аргишти Багратович , Петрачков Иван Валерьевич
Published: July 2020

Задача данного исследования – выявить социально-экономические и демографические факторы, а также характеристики системы здравоохранения и оперативные меры, принятые в борьбе с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19, которые способствовали скорейшей стабилизации эпидемической обстановки в разных странах. Для сравнения выбраны 14 стран: Белоруссия, Великобритания, Германия, Испания, Италия, Канада, Китай, Норвегия, Польша, США, Российская Федерация, Тайвань, Швеция и Южная Корея.

Проведен анализ эпидемических (число выявленных случаев COVID-19 в расчете на 1 млн населения, летальность и смертность от этой инфекции на 100 тыс. населения, число проведенных диагностических тестов), демографических (средний возраст населения, плотность населения, ожидаемая продолжительность жизни – ОПЖ) и экономических (валовой внутренний продукт – ВВП на душу населения) показателей и оценено состояние системы здравоохранения (общие и государственные расходы на здравоохранение в процентах к  ВВП; обеспеченность стационарными койками и практикующими врачами; модель государственного финансирования здравоохранения и управления им).

Показано, что главными факторами, способствующими успеху в борьбе с распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, являются раннее реагирование и решительные действия; централизация управления регионами и санитарно-эпидемиологической службой во главе с министром здравоохранения; наличие единой для страны стратегии действий; проведение массового тестирования и быстрое отслеживание контактов зараженных; централизованное распределение средств индивидуальной защиты, лекарств и других расходных материалов, а также мониторинг потребности в них; использование передовых информационных технологий; достаточные мощности системы здравоохранения (наличие резервного коечного фонда и медицинских кадров); ежедневная информационная работа с населением, которая осуществляется специалистами и министром здравоохранения.
Репродуктивные установки россиян и отношение к государственным мерам поддержки рождаемости
Authors: Осипова Ирина
Published: July 2020

Статья написана на основе опроса, выполненного Фондом «Общественное мнение» по заказу Агентства стратегических инициатив, а также других опросов ФОМ. Исследование посвящено репродуктивным установкам женщин в возрасте 18-45 лет и мужчин 18-55 лет, а также оценке ими существующих и предполагаемых мер пронаталистской политики и их эффективности.

Результаты опроса показывают, что наиболее распространенная желаемая модель семьи по количеству детей за 10 лет не изменилась и остается двухдетной. Однако на сегодняшний день намерения многих россиян «отстают» от их желаний. Так, лишь четверть опрошенных планируют завести еще одного ребенка. Остальных чаще всего останавливает отсутствие стабильных источников дохода, достаточных для рождения и воспитания еще одного ребенка. Поэтому (хотя и не только) наиболее популярными мерами демографической политики сегодня являются материальные: материнский капитал за рождение второго ребенка (опрос был проведен еще до введения такового и за первого ребенка), погашение обязательств по ипотечным кредитам для многодетных семей, ежемесячное пособие по уходу за ребенком до полутора лет.

Демографы, однако, сомневаются в эффективности подобных мер, с точки зрения повышения рождаемости. Данные опросов в некотором смысле это подтверждают. Несмотря на то, что опрошенные верят, что демографическая политика влияет на рождаемость, лишь немногие сами учитывали ее при принятии решения о том, заводить ребенка или нет.
Efficacy of Simulation-Based Education for intravascular catheterization :protocol for a systematic review and meta- analysis v1
Authors: Okano Hiromu , Mayumi Takuya , Kataoka Yuki , Banno Masahiro , Tsujimoto Yasushi , Shiroshita Akihiro , Taito Shunsuke , Tokumine Joho
Published: July 2020

Background Intravascular catheterization procedures can cause lethal complication. An appropriate education should be needed for taking advantage of ultrasound guidance, which can realize successful catheterization and prevent mechanical complication. However, the previous review only analyzed central venous catheters, and multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been published since then. We will therefore conduct an update review of simulation education for all types of catheters. Aim The purpose of this systematic review is to assess whether simulation education for ultrasound-guided intravascular catheterization will improve the success rate of catheter insertion compared with no simulation education Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review of the relevant literature according to the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We will include RCTs assessing the effect of simulation education for ultrasound-guided intravascular catheterization. The primary outcomes are success rate and adverse events, and secondary outcomes are first-time puncture success rate in eligible patients and number of punctures to success. Two independent reviewers will extract the data and assess the risk of bias. Ethics and dissemination In this systematic review, only data from previously conducted studies will be analyzed. We will publish this systematic review in peer-reviewed journals.
Total Nucleic Acids Extraction from Soil v2
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva , Lara-Rodriguez Ana
Published: July 2020

The following protocol is intended for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids, or TNA) from various soil and sediment samples. The protocol was designed based on two protocols published by Henckel et al. (1999) and Griffiths et al. (2000), with several critical modifications. Recently, we have added option to include an ammonium aluminium sulfate salt for soils with high humic content (Braid et al., 2003). The result is a highly flexible and streamlined protocol, which delivers high yields of nucleic acids with quality suitable for all downstream molecular applications from most types of soil and sediment samples. Please cite Angel et al. (2012).
DECENTRALIZATION IN DIGITAL SOCIETIES.A DESIGN PARADOX
Authors: Pournaras E.
Published: July 2020

Digital societies come with a design paradox: On the one hand, technologies, such as Internet of Things, pervasive and ubiquitous systems, allow a distributed local intelligence in interconnected devices of our everyday life such as smart phones, smart thermostats, self-driving cars, etc. On the other hand, Big Data collection and storage is managed in a highly centralized fashion, resulting in privacy-intrusion, surveillance actions, discriminatory and segregation social phenomena. What is the difference between a distributed and a decentralized system design? How “decentralized” is the processing of our data nowadays? Does centralized design undermine autonomy? Can the level of decentralization in the implemented technologies influence ethical and social dimensions, such as social justice? Can decentralization convey sustainability? Are there parallelisms between the decentralization of digital technology and the decentralization of urban development?
SEARCHING FOR BUSINESS MODEL BY EDTECH STARTUPS IN ADULT EDUCATION SEGMENT ON THE RUSSIAN MARKET
Authors: Chavkin Z. V.
Published: July 2020

In  the article, the author attempts to identify the scalability factors of Russian EdTech startups, as well as offer recommendations for building a scalable business model. As a result, the author identified five groups of factors affecting the business model scalability and, somewhat, the success of an EdTech startup. It is especially important that this groups of factors correspond to the most important business model elements of an early-stage startup: the market (or “Customer segments”), the product (or “Value Proposition”), customer relations, distribution, as well as resources regarding the team and investments. Such a complex set of factors interconnected with the main elements of the business model can become a tool for making more effective management decisions, reducing entrepreneurial risks, and increasing the success possibility of an educational project. It was also discovered that copying the leader’s business model is not a relevant strategy for an educational startup and the subscription model does not affect success. On the contrary, the orientation to the global market, the key market trends exploitation, and high-quality distribution and promotion affect scalability and success.
THE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS A TOOL FOR THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL MEGAPROJECTS
Authors: Shamin D. V.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the optimization of the processes of organization and management of international megaprojects based on the formation of a risk management system.

Currently, the implementation efficiency of megaprojects remains low due to the emergence of many risks at various stages of project implementation.

In this connection, it is proposed to form an integrated risk management system, which implies a three-stage structure for introducing the 6 element risk management system into the project life cycle, into the main project management processes.

This article substantiates the need to form a risk management system in three stages in accordance with the key elements of a risk management system: (1) Planning – the block «Objectives and environment of the project»; (2) Approval of the project – the blocks «Identification», «Classification», «Assessment of risks and risk tolerance», «Risk management plan»; (3) Monitoring and control – the block «Control and monitoring of risks».

Thus, the proposed integrated risk management system provides: continuity of the risk management process based on the audit of the RMS; the ability to adjust RMS at the stage of forecasting a risk event; possibility of scenario modeling for forecasting risk reduction potential; risk management program, formed by current risks in order to increase the attractiveness of the mega-project for the investor.

It is also proposed to introduce an audit of risk management processes and procedures based on an adapted methodology for the following components of the risk management system: defining events and setting goals; the internal environment of the organization; organization risk assessment; risk control tools; responding to risks; communications and information; risk monitoring.

This technique allows you to take into account risks not only at the stage of project development, but also during its implementation, which ensures its feasibility, as well as an audit algorithm for risk management systems of a megaproject is developed and recommendations for improving the RMS through this tool are proposed.
Fear of Сoronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Basic Personality Beliefs
Authors: Gritsenko V.V. , Reznik A.D. , Konstantinov V.V. , Marinova T.Y. , Khamenka N.V. , Isralowitz R.
Published: July 2020

The article presents data on the experience of fear about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), depending on the severity of personality basic beliefs. Authors interviewed 950 people aged 12 to 74 years (average age is 35 years). The study was conducted in March 2020 online. The intensity of fear about the coronavirus was studied using the COVID-19 fear scale developed by a team of scientists from Hong Kong, Iran, the United Kingdom and Sweden. The scale was tested for reliability and validity in the Iranian, Russian and Belarusian samples (Ahorsu D.K. et al., 2020; Reznik A. et al., 2020). The personality basic beliefs were diagnosed using the Scale of Basic Beliefs developed by R. Janoff-Bulman (translation and adaptation by O.A. Kravtsova) (Soldatova G.U. et al., 2008). Revealed that more than a third of the subjects have a high level of fear about the coronavirus. Showed that the low intensity of fear about the COVID-19 disease is associated with the severity of personality basic beliefs. Concluded that the personality basic beliefs in goodness and justice of the world around, the values and importance of own “Self” can act as psychological resources for coping a tough situation in life, the specificity of which is due to the fear about the coronavirus disease.
Perception of COVID-19 During the 2020 Pandemic in Russia
Authors: Pervichko E. , Mitina O. , Stepanova O. , Koniukhovskaia J. , Dorokhov E.A.
Published: July 2020

In order to study the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with the emotional state of the population, an online study in all regions of Russia conducted from April 27 to May 27, 2020, The study involved 1192 people, of whom 981 were women (82%) and 211 men (18%) aged 18 to 81 years (M=36.5, SD=11.0). The methodological complex consisted of a socio-demographic questionnaire, the state scale from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Russian Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983; Ababkov, et al., 2016); as well as the Russian Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Broadbent, et al., 2006; Yaltonsky, et al., 2017), modified specifically for this study. Significant differences were found in experiencing stress, anxiety, and perceptions of the pandemic by gender, while anxiety and stress were found to be related to income. A significant correlation found between the attitude to coronavirus “as an exaggerated threat” with greater calm, greater understandability of the pandemic, and less control. However, if the respondent has relatives who have got sick COVID-19, then the perception of the pandemic becomes more threatening, less understandable, and more controlled. It was revealed that the assessment of the threat from a pandemic plays a mediating role between the fear of an unknown disease and the possibility of its control. The probability of cultural differences in the perception of the pandemic and its control is discussed, and the possibility of using the cultural-historical methodology and the concept of “subjective pattern of disease” to assess the public perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic is formulated.
Transformation of Metaphoric Representations of a Person’s Path of Life During the Period of Self-Isolation in Adults
Authors: Salikova E.V.
Published: July 2020

This article discusses theoretical approaches for understanding metaphorically expressed life paths social representations. The results of a longitudinal empirical study of life paths metaphorically expressed social representations of adult group are presenter. In the first half of study, 267 respondents took part, in the second half of study – 37 respondents. During the first stage of this study, the categories of analysis of metaphorical representations were selected on the basis of the essay material of 267 respondents. At the second stage of the study, data of 37 respondents analyzed. Participants with an interval of six months described in the form of metaphors their life path in a normal situation and in a situation of self-isolation. During this study content-analysis of the words that make up the metaphoric representations of life path and life path in self-isolation was performed. Categories of metaphoric representations were picked out, and analysis was performed with the use of these categories. We created next two nuclear-peripheral structures of social representations, expressed metaphorically: life path and life path in self-isolation (in the adult group). Comparative analysis of representations about life path in everyday life and during the period of self-isolation performed, dynamic changes in the structural elements of social representations identified.
Inclusive Educational Environment: Interaction of Teachers and Professionals of an Educational Organization
Authors: Sunko T.Y.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the pilot study of the problem of professional interaction in inclusive educational environment. The components of the development of an inclusive environment in education are highlighted. The purpose of the study is defined as studying the characteristics of the interaction between teachers of various levels of education in the work with students with disabilities in an inclusive educational environment. The results of an empirical study of online sample of volunteers (N=64) are presented. Respondents answered to the questionnaire about their attitude to the idea of inclusion, difficulties in interaction, the forms of interaction used and their willingness to request help. The results of the study based on a conventional content analysis, showed that interaction in an inclusive educational environment is built mainly through consultations (75%), workshops (59,4%) and other forms, while complicating professional interaction among more than half of respondents, mainly, the uncertainty of the responsibility of specialists in psychological and pedagogical support and various difficulties in building relationships. The data obtained show rather a different attitude towards the idea of inclusion in education in the light of the development of the inclusive educational environment of the educational organization, which determines the choice of the forms of interaction used.
Movement Disorders in the Structure of the Different Mental Processes Types in Child with Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Authors: Fedorova Y.N. , Mikadze Y.V. , Burlakova N.S. , Ilyina E.S.
Published: July 2020

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare and often relapsing neurologic illness with onset in early childhood. Patients with OMS have longitudinal mental development disturbances and features of emotional and behavioral state. Interruption of the normative mental development is determined by movement disorders (primary defect), which establish new conditions for child's life for a long time. Case study of the child with OMS and the discussion of movement disorders in the structure of the different mental processes types in this disease are presented. Movement disorders (primary defect) and their effects (secondary and other defects) affecting mental development are discussed (based on the levels of movements coordination concept by N.A. Bernstein). The research detects mistmatch between levels of movements coordination (intactness of higher levels and disturbance of lower levels), which important for prospective analysis of the mental disorders mechanisms in children with OMS.
Chronic Pain and Yoga Therapy
Authors: Martin Donna
Published: July 2020

One of the most baffling phenomena that health practitioners face is Pain. Although modern medicine has acquired some success in understanding and alleviating pain as a symptom, it is still almost completely at a loss when pain itself is the problem.

Something like 80% of people who visit a doctor do so because of pain. Yet no doctor can see, touch it or feel it in the same way as the patient does. No medical instrument or machine has been developed to measure it.
Table of Contents & Editorials
Authors: Miller Richard , Payne Larry
Published: July 2020

Yoga may be defined as the bringing together (yug) of two things that were never separate in the first place. Yoga affirms that this ultimate healing occurs when we understand that we are always already whole, not separate, and healthy where we stand in our native (sahaj) condition. Understanding the phenomenal level of bodymind and the noumenal level of spirit are important if we are to be healed of the illusion that yoga aims to dispel. Understanding what we are not—body, senses, and mind—brings us toBeing Understanding that which we always already are.

Therapy implies healing, whether it be at the phenomenal level or at the noumenal level. It implies a, distance that is covered as we move from the perception of ourselves as unhealthy to the disposition of ourselves as possessing health.
Pranayama, Yoga, and Ayurveda
Authors: Halpern Marc
Published: July 2020

With the growing awareness of Ayurveda in the West, a more complete picture of the yogic path is beginning to emerge. This path reconnects the knowledge of two of India's greatest ancient sciences. Together, they comprise a whole whose two sides, like those of a coin, are really inseparable. Ayurveda brings to Yoga an understanding of how to remain physically and emotionally healthy while on the path to enlightenment. Yoga brings to Ayurveda a deeper purpose for remaining healthy, that purpose being to attain enlightenment.
Insight Dialogue as Spiritual Therapy
Authors: Kramer Gregory
Published: July 2020

Insight Dialogue is a meditation practice codeveloped by the author that integrates Buddhist Insight Meditation (Pali: vipassana; Sanskrit: vipashyana) with dialogue or "talking circle" practice. Bringing together the two ancient threads of profound mindfulness of the experience of rising and falling and the power of relationship to other people, the practice of Insight Dialogue offers a means of meditation that is highly therapeutic: The entanglements born of stress and confusion are brought to the surface and released. This transformational process is discussed in two ways: as reconditioning and deconditioning. Reconditioning refers to changing bad habits associated with speaking, listening, and relating by the intentional practice of new habits such as pausing for mindfulness. Deconditioning refers to the fundamental release of underlying patterns that generate entanglement. The Insight Dialogue guidelines are presented along with a brief discussion of how the practice works in face-to-face groups and online.
Yoga and Stress: A Bibliography
Authors: Feuerstein Trisha Lamb
Published: July 2020

Abstracts for many of the research articles cited in this bibliography are available online via PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). Studies cited in relation to specific disorders and venues, e.g., hypertension, the workplace, etc., are only representative of explicitly stress-related articles and do not reflect the full range of extant resources on these topics.
Insurance Reimbursement: What it Might Mean for the Profession of Yoga Therapy
Authors: Elgelid Staffan
Published: July 2020

Yoga therapists, as well as many other complementary and alternative medical practitioners, are weighing measures that could promote reimbursement for services from insurance companies. Becoming recognized by insurance companies as a health or wellness provider could be an important step in helping to make Yoga therapy more available and more affordable for the public. What, however, will insurance companies require from Yoga therapists in terms of documentation, proof of medical necessity, goals for Yoga therapy, and so on? These are questions that have been debated in three different professions in which I participate, and I have experienced both the benefits and the detriments of billing and being compensated by insurance companies as a physical therapist, massage therapist, and Feldenkrais® teacher.
The Awareness/Energy Connection through Hypnosis, Yoga and Neurofeedback
Authors: Galle Susana
Published: July 2020

A holistic model for the use of Yoga therapy, hypnosis, and biofeedback in psychotherapy is presented, along with the respective effects of each modality on physiology and consciousness. Three case studies are provided, illustrating the largely untapped potential of Yoga for integration into Western psychotherapy.
Pilot Test of a Kundalinî-Yoga Intervention Developing the Mind-Body Connection
Authors: Sharma Manoj
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Yoga is a systematic practice aimed at developing harmony in the body, mind, and environment. The practices entail low impact physical activity postures (âsanas), breathing techniques (prânâyâma),relaxation, and meditation. In Kundalinî-Yoga the meditation involves performing a formless contemplation at the pituitary and hypothalamus glands. The purposes of this study were to develop, pilot test, and evaluate changes in behavioral antecedents and behaviors through a Kundalinî-Yoga training program for adults in a Midwestern city.

Design: The study utilized a pre-test post-test design.

Setting: The intervention was implemented at a wellness club in a Midwestern city with a population of about 450,000.

Subjects: A sample of 3l predominantly Caucasian volunteers with a mean age of 47 years completed the course.

Intervention: A basic intervention of six weeks with six 75-minute weekly classes teaching âsanas, prânâyâma,relaxation, and meditation involving a formless contemplation at the pituitary and hypothalamus glands was implemented.

Outcome measures: A psychometric scale was developed that measured perceived knowledge; outcome expectations (including values and value expectancies);self-efficacy for performing âsanas, relaxation, and meditation; and recollection of the frequency of these behaviors performed in the past week.

Results: Statistically significant changes (p < 0.0001)were found in all the study variables.

Conclusion: The intervention was successful in modifying Yoga-related behaviors. The approach and tools developed in this pilot test are useful for process and impact evaluation of Yoga training interventions. The efficacy of this intervention in influencing the outcomes of several disease recovery, behavior change, and health promotion programs needs to be analyzed in future studies.
Understanding Yoga Therapy
Authors: Mehta Rajvi
Published: July 2020

The objective of this article is to bring about a clear understanding of the principles of Yoga therapy based upon the concepts laid down in the ancient text on Yoga,the Yoga-Sûtra of Patanjali,1 and the practical interpretation of the sûtras based on the experiential knowledge of Yogacharya B. K. S. Iyengar. The article tries to provide an understanding of health in the holistic sense, the causes and states of ill health, and the principles and means of reversing ill health to a state of total health of body, emotions, mind, intellect, and spirit through the practice of Yoga.