bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare findings of capsule endoscopy. Clinical observation
Authors: Makarov I. V. , Sidorov A. Yu. , Zhdanov A. V. , Zaytsev V. E. , Korolev D. A. , Shibanov V. Ya. , Blashentseva A. D. , Romanov R. M. , Khaliullina E. A.
Published: October 2024

The article provides a brief overview of the frequency, prevalence of use, and results of video capsule endoscopy in patients with various indications after undergoing CT/MRI enterography or barium sulfate enterography. A clinical case is presented where a patient with symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding underwent video capsule endoscopy, revealing a small bowel tumor, followed by surgical treatment. This non-invasive technique enables obtaining more accurate data for decision-making regarding further treatment strategies.
Variability of preoperative rehabilitation in preparation for primary arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Authors: Kotel'nikov G. P. , Kolsanov A. V. , Moseev O. I. , Kudashev D. S. , Zuev-Ratnikov S. D.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. In the last decade, preoperative rehabilitation has attracted considerable attention from both domestic and foreign specialists, however, its effectiveness and impact on the early recovery of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint after primary arthroplasty causes many contradictions and remains controversial.

Objective. To analyze the scientific literature and evaluate the results, potential advantages and disadvantages of using available and modern methods of preoperative rehabilitation in preparation for primary arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint.

Materials and methods. In the course of this study, data was searched using Scopus, Web of Sciеnce, Pubmed, and RSCI databases for the period from 2009 to 2024.

Results. As a result of the analysis, the key methods of preoperative rehabilitation used during the preparation for total knee arthroplasty were identified, and the effect of these methods on the restoration of functional parameters in patients, changes in pain and the duration of hospital stay after surgery was studied in comparison with the standard program of preparation for total knee arthroplasty.

Conclusion. During the study, it was revealed that preoperative rehabilitation before total knee replacement can significantly reduce the duration of hospital stay, however, convincing evidence of improvement in postoperative functional parameters has not been established. To determine the real effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation, clinical studies are needed to study the effect of comprehensive preoperative rehabilitation programs on the pathogenetic aspects of osteoarthritis, clinical symptoms and functional parameters in the postoperative period.
Modern approaches to the management of blunt liver trauma
Authors: Vladimirova E. S. , Chernousov F. A. , Popova I. E. , Alekseechkina O. A.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Liver trauma is one of the most common abdominal injuries. The purpose is to review the evidence and present the current level of diagnosis, tactics and treatment of blunt liver trauma.

Materials and methods. The results of clinical studies in liver trauma have been analyzed. Literature was searched in PubMed electronic search engines (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), eLibrary (https://elibrary.ru) by keywords: "liver trauma", "management liver trauma", "diagnosis liver trauma". 134 publications were selected for analysis.

Results. Historically, most patients with liver trauma were cured promptly using techniques such as liver suturing, liver resection, ligation of the hepatic artery, atrioval shunts. Conservative management was practically not used. Consequently, mortality was high and reached almost 90% in patients with severe trauma, including damage to the main hepatic vessels. The introduction of such techniques as perigepathic packaging and direct suturing of damaged vessels significantly improved the prognosis of patients. The widespread use of conservative therapy in patients with stable hemodynamics, the management of which is based on instrumental assessment, carefully selected diagnostic imaging of the nature of liver injury, instrumental dynamic observation using operative X-ray angiology and endoscopy, in a hybrid operating room, contributed to the improvement of treatment results.

Conclusion. In recent decades, conservative therapy has been performed in 80–86% of cases in patients with stable hemodynamics. The use of minimally invasive interventions such as angiography and embolization, a combination of percutaneous drainage and endoscopic methods for injury to vascular and biliary structures can be considered as the main method of treating post-traumatic complications.
Results of Controlled tissue regeneration in surgery for diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Koreyba K. A. , Minabutdinov A. R. , Krivoshchekov E. P. , Lysov N. A. , Rakhimov В. M. , Khoroshilov M. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The problem of tissue regeneration in diabetic foot syndrome has currently become particularly relevant due to the multipolarity of the mechanisms of trophic disorders, their tendency to recur, the expansion of the affected areas when using traditional treatment methods, resistance to drug treatment methods, deterioration of patients' quality of life, as well as due to the significant expenditure of time and effort required for treatment. All these factors lead to significant economic costs in the management of patients in this cohort.

The aim of the study: to develop new combined methods of surgical treatment of tissue defects in patients with complicated forms of diabetic foot syndrome.

Materials and methods. The paper presents an original approach to solving one of the urgent problems of modern surgery of complications of diabetes mellitus, to the treatment of pathological processes of soft tissues of the lower extremities.

Conclusions. At the stages of the entire study period, rapid wound healing was registered regardless of the initial clinical data and patient's medical history. There was also a decrease in the inflammatory response and active restoration of damaged tissues.
A new perspective on risk factors for progressive liver fibrosis in patients with HIV, HBV, HCV superinfection
Authors: Feoktistova E. P. , Konstantinov D. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Topicality. One of the risk factors for the progression of the fibrotic process in the liver in triple superinfection with HIV/HBV/HCV may be the order of entry of viral pathogens into the human body, as well as the time interval between the entry of different pathogens. The aim of the study was to assess the effect on the course of liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV/HCV superinfection of the sequence of pathogens entering the human body and the time between superinfection.

Materials and methods. 97 people with a verified diagnosis of HIV/HBV/HCV superinfection were subjected to a retrospective analysis depending on the timing of pathogen intake, the severity of liver fibrosis and antiviral therapy. Among the examined, 80% were men. The age category of 18-44 years included 84% and the remaining patients were in the category of 45–49 years. All patients received antiviral therapy. Liver fibrosis was assessed using dynamic liver elastography.

Outcomes. The most favorable from the point of view of the progression of liver fibrosis was the primary HIV infection with an interval of 1–5 years between infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. The predominance of the progressive course of the fibrotic process in the liver occurred in cases where the first pathogen was HBV, and the interval between superinfection with another virus (HIV, HCV) exceeded 10 years. In cases not included in this category of patients, a HCV viral load above 1,700,000 copies/ml may be a risk factor for triple superinfection.

Findings. 1. In HIV/HBV/HCV superinfection, a high risk of progressive liver fibrosis is associated with situations when: the first superinfecting pathogen is HIV at an interval of 1–5 years before superinfection with hepatitis B and/or C viruses; the first superinfecting pathogen is HBV with an interval of more than 10 years prior to HIV and/or HCV superinfection. 2. In HIV/HBV/HCV superinfection, in the absence of a priority for superinfection, a HCV viral load of more than 1700000 copies/ml may be a risk factor for advanced liver fibrosis. A rational regimen for antiretroviral therapy in triple superinfection with HIV/HBV/HCV is a combination of nucleotide inhibitors of HIV and HBV reverse transcriptase and HIV protease inhibitors.
Comparative analysis of the efficiency and ergonomics of wired and wireless ultrasound systems
Authors: Emel'yantsev A. A. , Zheleznyak I. S. , Kipriyanova I. V. , Latysheva A. Ya. , Romanov G. G. , Voronkov L. V. , Vengerovich T. D.
Published: October 2024

The form factor of an ultrasound device with a wireless sensor has become firmly established in the standards for equipping medical institutions in recent years. In the Russian science literature there is a limited number of works on the practical application of such systems and a description of their advantages and disadvantages. It is important to evaluate the capabilities of a wireless ultrasound device in diagnosing urgent conditions.

Purpose of the study: to compare the effectiveness, advantages and ease of use of wireless ultrasound diagnostic sensors in relation to stationary devices. A comparative analysis of the wireless ultrasonic sensor "Uprobe-C5PL" (Sonostar, China) with stationary devices "DC-70" (Mindray, China), "CX-50" (Philips, Netherlands), "Logic E9" (GE, USA). A total of 40 patients were studied. The comparison was carried out based on the following characteristics: comparison of measured organ sizes, identification of pathological conditions, consistency of results between several medical experts, ergonomic characteristics and ease of use.

Results: there was no statistically significant differences (Mann– Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction, p > 0.05) and a strong correlation (r = 0.99; p < 0.01) between the measured values of organ sizes and pathological structures. The wireless sensor showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity – 91.7% and accuracy – 97.5% in detecting free fluid in the main cavities. A high agreement of results between expert was revealed (Kappa-Cohen coefficient, K = 0.836).

Conclusion. The wireless ultra-sound sensor is not inferior to stationary devices in identifying free fluid and other pathological conditions within the framework of urgent studies. At the same time, the wireless form factor increases ease of use in confined spaces due to the mobility of the diagnostician and the autonomy of the device. When routinely examining a large number of patients, a wireless sensor is less convenient and informative than high-end devices.
Atypical «overlapping» variants of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Akhrieva Kh. M. , Tertychnyy A. S. , Pachuashvili N. V. , Marenich N. S.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to analyze the challenges associated with the morphological interpretation of histological specimens that simultaneously exhibit characteristic histological features of both ulcerative colitis (UC) with features of Crohn's disease (CD), and CD with features resembling UC (so-called " overlapping " forms).

Object and methods. Between 2019 and 2024, UC was diagnosed in 180 patients and CD in 120 patients. The average age of the patients was 48 ± 6 years. Diagnoses were established based on a combination of clinical-laboratory, endoscopic, and morphological data. A search was conducted for cases that posed diagnostic difficulties and whose characteristics were ambiguous and contained features of both UC and CD, resulting in 60 cases identified over a more than 5-year observation period. UC with features of CD was established in 58 cases (32.2%), and CD with features of UC in 2 cases (1.6%).

Results. 24 patients with UC had focal and segmental inflammation in colon. Among 13 patients with left-sided colitis, focal lesions in the form of chronic active inflammation were found in the periappendicular and cecal regions, and in 2 patients with UC, granulomas termed "cryptolytic" were found, associated with the destruction of crypts, which can be difficult to distinguish from granulomas in CD. In patients with UC, ileitis was detected in 18 patients, with the inflammatory process predominantly confined to the distal 1-2 cm of the ileum in most cases. Five patients exhibited ileitis without involvement of the cecum, and the inflammatory process was not related to a retrograde mechanism. In 2 patients with CD, the inflammatory process was isolated to the distal sections of the colon, and the diagnosis was established based on the presence of typical CD changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the development of severe anal-perianal complications and sacroiliitis.

Conclusion. Features typical for CD, such as relative or absolute integrity of the rectum, the presence of unaffected segments, and involvement of the ileum in the pathological process, can also be found in UC, especially in patients who have undergone treatment. The role of the pathologist is to determine the extent and severity of the disease, and to identify dysplasia or malignant transformation.
Comparative analysis of micrometric parameters in the ovaries of adolescent, elderly and senile women
Authors: Balandin A. A. , Kobeleva A. S. , Balandina I. A. , Gulyaeva N. I.
Published: October 2024

Aging is a systemic process affecting all tissues of the body. In this study, the choice of scientific interest fell on the paired gland, the key structure of the female reproductive system – the ovary.

Objective: to carry out a comparative analysis of the parameters of the thickness of the cerebral and cortical layers, as well as the protein membrane of the  ovaries  in women in adolescence,  the elderly and senile  age. 

Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of a study of 60 women with normal pelvic dimensions and without pathology of the reproductive system organs was carried out. Group I included 28 victims of adolescent age (16-20 years old), group II consisted of 29 elderly victims (56-74 years old), group III included 27 elderly victims (75-90 years old). The thickness of the cerebral and cortical layers, as well as the albumen of both ovaries, were determined in histological samples.

Results. A decrease in the thickness of the cortical and medulla and an increase in the thickness parameters of the albuminous membrane of both ovaries in the period from adolescence to old age were revealed. The thickness of the medulla of the right ovary is thinned by 3.76%, the left by 4.46%; the cortical substance of the right ovary by 29.9%, the left by 29.64% (p < 0,01). The thickness of the albumen of the right ovary, on the contrary, increases by 48.23%, of the left – by 50.21% (p <  0,01). From old age to senile age, there is a tendency to decrease the thickness of the cerebral and cortical matter of the ovary. The medulla is thinned by 0.95% on the right and 0.24% on the left (p > 0,05), the cortical substance – by 1.5% on the right and 1.21% on the left (p > 0,05). At the same time, the protein shell on the right becomes thicker by 14.08%, on the left – by  13.57% (p  < 0,01). 

Conclusion. The results obtained can become a conditional  "morphological standard" for certain age norms in the diagnosis of various diseases, as well as expand the understanding of changes in the morphological picture of a woman's ovaries with age.
Autologous liver transplantation – experience of the Republican Clinical Hospital of Kazan
Authors: Kirshin A. A. , Ziganshin L. I. , Sakhabetdinov B. A. , Shpaner V. I. , Ibragimova A. R.
Published: October 2024

Currently, autologous organ transplantation continues to be widely implemented in various countries. Its relevance is due to the large number of patients with diffuse liver damage. Liver autotransplantation is an effective and only radical operation for end-stage diffuse liver lesions, such as alveococcosis, cholangiocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer.

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the results of the clinical implementation of liver autotransplantation technologies in the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Republican Clinical Hospital.

Materials and methods. Since 2023, 4 operations for liver autotransplantation have been performed in the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Russian Clinical Hospital. One patient was selected to describe the clinical case.

Research results. The operation for autologous liver transplantation in a patient with alveococcosis of the left lobe of the liver was performed successfully on December 4, 2023. On day 45, the patient was discharged for outpatient observation in satisfactory condition.

Conclusion. The complexity of liver transplantation and resection due to the lack of donor organs and the high risk of rejection forces the introduction of new, more effective methods, one of which is liver autotransplantation, which does not require immunosuppressive therapy, which reduces the risk of developing purulent-inflammatory complications in the postoperative period.
A Case of Primary Breast Angiosarcoma in a Male Patient with Literature Review
Authors: Sağdıç Karateke Yasemin , Yıldız Bülent , Seker Nazlı Sena
Published: October 2024

Primary breast angiosarcomas are rare malignities of breast. They are extremely rare in male patients. Breast angiosarcomas can occur as primary or secondary angiosarcomas. In angiosarcomas, clinicopathological factors such as tumour size, surgical margin status have been reported to be important in prognosis. In this article, breast angiosarcoma in a male patient will be presented in the light of the literature.
The impact of gut microbiome on neuro-autoimmune demyelinating diseases
Authors: Abolfazli Pouria , Apue Nchama Cristina Nkene , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: October 2024

Demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), are characterized by dysregulated immune responses to self-antigens, leading to myelin loss. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as alterations in the gut microbiome, influence these conditions. We have examined studies on gut microbiome in patients and animal models and reviewed the existing literature on this topic. Germ-free mice showed a reduced susceptibility to demyelinating disorders, highlighting the crucial role of gut bacteria in disease development. Gut dysbiosis promotes the generation of proinflammatory Th17 cells, contributing to blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. In MS, an increased presence of Th17 cells correlates with disease severity, accompanied by elevated levels of Streptococcus and a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Moreover, dysbiosis in MS involves more pathogenic bacteria and fewer beneficial taxa, further influencing disease progression. Similarly, NMOSD exhibits gut microbiota alterations linked to disease severity, with Streptococcus and Clostridium perfringens being significant contributors, suggesting a gut–CNS interaction in pathogenesis. Prebiotic and probiotic interventions can modify gut microbiota, reduce inflammatory markers, and improve patient outcomes, indicating the therapeutic potential of targeting gut microbiota in managing MS. In conclusion, gut microbiome serves as a primary risk factor in developing demyelinating diseases by producing toxins and metabolites that facilitate communication between the gut and brain. Understanding these relationships provides potential therapeutic approaches targeting gut microbiota to more effectively manage and alleviate demyelinating diseases.
Enhancing radioactive waste management with cutting-edge digital technologies: a review
Authors: Onsy Mohamed Abdel Mohsen
Published: October 2024

This article explores the role of digital technologies (DTs) in enhancing the safety, efficiency, and accuracy of radioactive waste management (RadWM). With the increasing generation of radioactive waste (RadW) from nuclear power plants, medical applications, and industrial processes, the integration of advanced DTs has become essential. The article discusses the applications of key technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and robotics, in various aspects of RadWM, including waste characterization, storage, transportation, and disposal. It also addresses the challenges and prospects of implementing these technologies in the nuclear energy sector. The analysis clearly indicates that DTs offer transformative potential for RadWM, enhancing safety, efficiency, and accuracy. While challenges exist, the benefits far outweigh the obstacles, making the adoption of these technologies a strategic imperative for the industry. Collaborative efforts between industry stakeholders, technology providers, and regulatory bodies are essential to overcoming challenges and realizing the full potential of these technologies. As technology continues to advance, the integration of AI, IoT, blockchain, and robotics will play a crucial role in the evolution of RadWM.
An intelligent state evaluation and maintenance arrangement system for wind turbines based on digital twin
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Wei Hua-Liang , Liu Zhao-Hua
Published: October 2024

Wind power is an important green and sustainable source of power generation. However, the construction of wind farms does not only need a large amount of initial investment but also highly expensive maintenance cost for their operations during power generation. Therefore, accurately assessing the state of wind turbines and effectively scheduling maintenance to keep them in good operating condition have become crucially important to ensure efficient power generation. Digital twin, as a data-driven digital concept or technology, can be used to effectively address wind power maintenance issues, especially wind turbine state evaluation problem. This article proposes a novel intelligent state evaluation and maintenance arrangement (iSEMA) system based on digital twin, which can accurately evaluate the state of wind turbines, detect faults in the early stage, and provide useful information or warnings to operators and help them to efficiently arrange maintenance tasks. In addition, this article introduces the concept of sub-healthy state of wind turbines, which is very useful for designing the iSEMA system. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can assess the state of wind turbines accurately and provide timely feedback.
Viewpoint: prognostic markers can personalize adjuvant therapeutic options
Authors: Kerr David J. , Yang Li
Published: October 2024

A prognostic factor is a clinical or biological characteristic that is objectively measurable and provides information on the likely outcome of the cancer in an untreated individual. Such prognostic markers are helpful for identifying patients with early-stage colorectal cancer who are at high risk of metastatic relapse and, therefore, potential candidates for adjuvant systemic treatments.
Enhancing Transcriptomics Insights into Neurological Disorders Through the Comparative Analysis of Shapley Values
Authors: Castro-Martínez José A. , Vargas Eva , Díaz-Beltrán Leticia , Esteban Francisco J.
Published: October 2024

Neurological disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Schizophrenia (SCH), Bipolar Disorder (BD), and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) affect millions of people worldwide, yet their molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study applied the Comparative Analysis of Shapley values (CASh) to transcriptomic data from nine datasets associated with these complex disorders, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). CASh, which integrates Game Theory with Bootstrap resampling, offers a robust alternative to traditional statistical methods by evaluating the contribution of each gene within the broader context of the entire dataset. Unlike conventional approaches, CASh is highly effective at detecting subtle but meaningful molecular patterns that are often missed. These findings highlight the potential of CASh to enhance the precision of transcriptomic analysis, providing deeper insights into the molecular signatures of these disorders and establishing a solid basis for improving diagnostic techniques and developing more targeted therapeutic interventions.
AYOLO - Development of a Real-Time Object Detection Model for the Detection of Secretly Cultivated Plants
Authors: Yılmaz Ali , Yurtay Yüksel , Yurtay Nilüfer
Published: October 2024

AYOLO differentiates itself with a new fusion architecture proposal that leverages the strengths of unsupervised learning and integrates the Vision Transformer approach, taking the YOLO series models as a reference. This innovation enables the model to effectively use rich, unlabeled data, providing a new example in pre-training methodology for YOLO architectures. On the benchmark COCO val2017 dataset, AYOLO demonstrates its superiority by achieving an impressive 38.7 % AP while maintaining an outstanding rendering speed of 239 FPS (Frame Per Second) on the Tesla K80 GPU. This performance outperforms the previous state-of-the-art YOLO v6-3.0 by a significant margin of +2.2 % AP while maintaining comparable FPS. AYOLO is presented as a demonstration of the potential of integrating complex information fusion techniques with supervised pretraining in improving the precision and speed of object detection models.
Environmental Design Principles for Urban Comfort: The Pilot Case Study of Naro Municipality
Authors: Tiziana Firrone , Maria Vitrano Rosa , Federica Fernandez , Federica Zagarella , Emanuela Garofalo
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, considering the urgent issue related to climate change and land consumption as well as increasing urban population, urban spaces, enhanced by appropriate design solutions, can help reduce risks and improve conditions of environmental well-being. In this frame, thanks to collaboration between the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo and the Municipality of Naro, in the province of Agrigento (Sicily, Italy), an urban environmental design workshop was promoted to redefine an urban space without a precise identity and denied to public use, within the fabric of a minor historical center in the Sicilian hinterland. The article summarizes the adopted methodology, including the population needs’ assessment, the environmental context assessment, the historical analysis of the urban space to redefine within the context of whole historical center, possible urban and greening solutions and design references according to the urban biophilic approach. The resulting preliminary design aims to be an example of an interdisciplinary approach, respectful of the existing, which places the comfort and well-being of the user at the center of the design. Moreover, it is an interesting example of urban regeneration through the biophilic approach applied to a small urban center, which could be replicated in other similar contexts.
Galactic Rotation Curve Need Be Improved for the Discovery of Sgr A*
Authors: Zhu Yin
Published: October 2024

Galactic rotation curve was formulated before the Sgr A* had been confirmed. The action of the Sgr A* on the rotation curve has not been considered. Now, it was observed that the fastest stars in the Milky Way is in the distance less than 0.5pc from the Sgr A*. It is contradicted with the current galactic rotation curve in which the orbital velocity near the center of the galaxy is the smallest. And, because of the advance of technology, it was observed that the circular velocity curve of the Milky Way from 5 to 30 kpc is with a significantly faster decline (Keplerian decline) compared to the inner parts. It is contradicted with the current curve in which the out parts could be larger or no decline. And, it was observed that the fast galaxy bar continue challenge the standard cosmology. For the reasons, we present an improved galactic rotation curve.
‘That’s the Vibe‘—Exploring Chinese English Slang “Vibe” Through Translanguaging and Metonymy: A Corpus Linguistics Approach
Authors: Zhou Wei
Published: October 2024

The present paper investigates the intricacies of the Chinese English slang world with a focus on the use of the term "vibe." The goal here is to provide a look at how terms change and what their metonymic uses are in the approaches of translanguaging. Through the use of a corpus approach to this issue, the goal is to bring out the meanings and their cultural dimensions expressed in this slang word. Against this backdrop, this paper uses the rich linguistic resource from a translanguaging perspective to explore how users navigate the complexities implicated in online self-presentation with the use of such slang. Therefore, the paper scrutinizes the concept of metonymy in Chinese English slang in an attempt to unearth the symbolic meanings or connotations that have been buried in the meaning of the term "vibe." The result of this analysis is a contribution toward understanding the changing landscape of language and communication in this digital era using linguistic data from the Chinese English slang ecosystem.
Pd-Catalyzed Aromatic Dual C-H Acylations and Intramolecular Cyclization: Access to Quinoline substituted Hydroxyl Isoindolones
Authors: Xu Hongke , Yang Yuchen , Li Fei , Yang Yuzhu
Published: October 2024

A palladium-catalyzed aromatic dual C-H acylations followed with intramolecular cyclizations have been developed by the assistance of bidentate N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamide. This tandem process involves the formation of three new chemical bonds, providing access to novel quinoline substituted hydroxyl isoindolones skeleton under simple reaction conditions. The deuterium-labeled competition reaction has revealed that C-H bond cleavage is the turnover limiting step.
Advancements in Automation & Parametric Modeling in Ship Design: Review of Current Technologies
Authors: Hasan MD. Rokibul
Published: October 2024

Automation and is changing the face of ship design, affording unparalleled flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy in Computer-Aided Ship Design. It views modern methods of incorporating automation and parametric techniques in contemporary shipbuilding, with an emphasis on major developments within each field. That allows the setup of the geometry of ships with variable parameters and dramatically speeds up the iterative design process, while automation of tasks hands over repetitive tasks for performance optimization and simplifying the working process. The review enumerates the most advanced tools and methodologies with a profound explanation of the consequences on design optimization and the production workflow: challenges in software interoperability, higher design complexities, and the need for human intervention. It further discusses emergent developments in integrated artificial intelligence and machine learning in automated ship design. Concluding remarks present discussions on future perspectives for realizing a completely automated flow of work in ship design and, in this respect, placing such technologies as an enabler of change in modern shipping.
Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Leishmania Parasites
Authors: Wiggins Taralyn , Peng Ruonan , Bushnell Ruth V. , Tobin John K. , MacLeod David A. , Du Ke , Tobin Gregory J. , Dollery Stephen J.
Published: October 2024

Leishmaniasis is the second deadliest parasitic disease in the world, after malaria, with an estimated 1.6 million new cases each year. While cutaneous leishmaniasis can result in permanent scars from lesions after treatment, the mucocutaneous and visceral diseases can result in life-altering and life-threatening complications. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis can lead to permanent facial disfigurement and destruction of airways, while the visceral form is nearly 100% fatal if left untreated, as parasites spread into internal organs. Accurate species diagnosis which can be predictive of future disease is critical for treatment and follow-up. PCR-based diagnostics can provide sensitive detection of parasites and identify the species, but are slow, expensive, and not suitable for low-resource environments. In this publication, we describe our efforts to develop a simple, affordable, and instrument-free leishmania DNA diagnostic that can be used in both high-tech settings and the field. We have developed methods for parasite lysis, RPA amplification of DNA, and CRISPR crRNA detection for all leishmania species as well as specific identification of L. panamensis as a predictor of mucocutaneous disease. We have demonstrated the ability to detect single-digit parasites without compromising the specificity in identifying single species. In tube analysis of individual assays were carried out in succession culminating in un-quenched fluorescent signal quantifiable over negative control. The described work is the foundation which will be implemented into a three-track [all leishmania, mucocutaneous or visceral only, and a human positive control] assay that we plan to utilize in a Funnel Adapted Sensing Tube (FAST) single use, instrument free, and affordable diagnostic.
Implementation of bicompact scheme for the HOLO algorithm for solving radiative transport problems in a medium
Authors: Aristova Elena Nikolaevna , Karavaeva Nataliia Igorevna
Published: October 2024

Bicompact schemes for the HOLO algorithm for solving the transport equation were applied to solve model problems of radiation transport in a medium (the first and the second Fleck problems). The main idea of HOLO algorithms is to accelerate the convergence of iterative processes due to the joint solving of high order (HO) and low order (LO) kinetic equations. The schemes are constructed by the method of lines on a minimal two-point stencil and have the fourth order of approximation in space. The Runge-Kutta method of the third order of approximation was used for integration over time. Verification and validation of the schemes were carried out. Solutions of the first and the second Fleck problems by the proposed method coincided well with solutions obtained by other methods. A modification of the second Fleck problem was proposed to investigate the dependence of the velocity of the thermal wave front on the absorption coefficient in the optically thick region.
Monotonization of a modified scheme with Hermitian interpolation for the numerical solving of an inhomogeneous transport equation with absorption term
Authors: Aristova Elena Nikolaevna , Karavaeva Nataliia Igorevna , Ivashkin Ivan Romanovich
Published: October 2024

A hybrid scheme for the numerical solving of a transport equation is implemented. The high order scheme is a modified CIP (Cubic Interpolation Polynomial) scheme with Hermitian interpolation. The third order of approximation of the CIP scheme is achieved by including in the list of unknowns not only the nodal values of the function, but also the nodal values of its derivatives. In the modification under consideration the Euler–Maclaurin formula is used to calculate derivatives. The low order scheme is the characteristic scheme of the first order of approximation. Local, layerwise and global monotonization are considered, the hybridization is performed, respectively, after a cell, a time layer or the whole grid processing. It is shown that the best results are obtained by a scheme with local monotonization. The convergence orders of the hybrid scheme on tests of different smoothness of exact solution do not differ significantly from the convergence orders of the CIP scheme. It is proposed to calculate an integral along a characteristic using the Simpson formula for the Stieltjes integral in the case of the large optical thickness; it provides a significant reduction in the numerical solution errors.
DEVELOPMENT OF SEISMIC METHODS FOR MONITORING THE GEOMECHANICAL CONDITION OF THE SAYANO-SHUSHENSKAYA HPP
Authors: Kokovkin I.V. , Seleznev V.S. , Dezhnev V.E. , Lopatin G.A.
Published: October 2024

Records obtained at seismological stations contain information not only about earthquakes, explosions, but also from various other sources of seismic waves. The sources of such waves can be various buildings and structures that vibrate with their own frequencies. Seismologists can understand the registered wave field, identify the waves from these sources and characterize them. It is possible to implement seismic methods of remote control over changes in the technical condition of various objects. Contemporary hydraulic structures were built a long time ago and aging processes in them lead to destruction of materials and formation of cracks, so these objects require continuous monitoring of their condition. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of determining the occurrence of cracks in the body of the dam of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power plant by analyzing its natural frequencies depending on the filling and drawdown of the reservoir. For this purpose, we placed a seismic station several kilometers away from the object of study. With the help of this station, as well as with the help of the seismological data obtained at the seismic station “Cheremushki”, located 4.5 km from the HPP, for 20 years, works were carried out to study the possibility of determining the natural frequencies of the dam with high accuracy when they change in time. The possibility of controlling the physical parameters of structures and operation of various units of the HPP for a long period of time was demonstrated. Examples of determination of frequencies of high- and low-quality signals are considered.
Asociación entre el estado nutricional y el riesgo de sarcopenia en adultos mayores residentes de un distrito altoandino de Perú: un análisis secundario del estudio Aunqui-Andes
Authors:   , Patiño Villena Ana Fiorela , Pineda Marquez Gianella Belen
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre el estado nutricional y el riesgo de sarcopenia en adultos mayores del distrito de Totos, Cangallo, Ayacucho en el año 2022. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico de datos secundario llevado a cabo en el mes de agosto del 2022. La población del estudio se encontró constituida por 292 adultos mayores de ambos sexos de 60 años a más sin deterioro cognitivo severo. La variable independiente fue el estado nutricional evaluado mediante el Mini Nutritional Assessment SF (MNA SF), mientras que la variable dependiente fue el riesgo de sarcopenia evaluado por medio del SARC-F. Para estimar razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas se construyó modelos lineales generalizados de familia Poisson con función de enlace logarítmica y varianzas robustas. Resultados: Se evaluó 272 adultos mayores con una edad promedio de 75 años, de los que 59,9% eran mujeres. Se halló en el modelo de regresión crudo que el riesgo de malnutrición aumentó el riesgo de sarcopenia en 3.59 (IC95%: 1.49-8.62; p<0.004) y la malnutrición en 6.91 (IC95%: 2.90-16.50; p<0.001). En el modelo ajustado se halló que el riesgo de malnutrición (aPR=2.52; IC95%: 1.04-6.13; p<0.042) y malnutrición (aPR=3.99; IC95%: 1.60-9.97; p<0.003) se mantuvieron asociados al riesgo de sarcopenia. Conclusión: La malnutrición y riesgo de malnutrición se asoció a un mayor riesgo de sarcopenia en adultos mayores que viven en un distrito altoandino. Estos resultados podrían contribuir a la visibilización de la necesidad de planteamientos de estrategias específicas para la reducción de esta problemática y mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población.
Synthesis and Characterizations of PEG-nZVI-Montmorillonite Nanocomposite for Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Yari Ainaz Jamalzadeh , Sarvi Mehdi Nasiri , Ghaedfozooni Niloofar
Published: October 2024

For years the design and synthesis of a systems for absorbing and degrading the antibiotic that have the maximum absorption capability in low to high concentrations of pollutants with photodegradability has been raised as a challenge of many researches. In this study, a novel photocatalyst known as polyethylene glycol modified zero-valent iron nanoparticles-montmorillonite (PEG-nZVI-Mt) was synthesized for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) in ranges of concentrations. nZVI particles was formed well dispersed on montmorillonite carriers covered by polyethylene glycol polymer. The results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of TC on the EG-nZVI-Mt (153.8 mg/g) were considerably higher than that of on montmorillonite (78.4 mg/g) at the same condition (after 48 hr with 400 ppm TC). In addition, as the concentration of TC increased, the maximum quantity of adsorption also increased from approximately 20 mg/g to over 300 mg/g. Compared to other adsorbents, the PEG-nZVI-Mt showed the lowest desorption value at 10.1 mg/g, which is less than 6.5% of total TC absorbed. Moreover, the utilization of nZVI as a photocatalyst, results in an enhancement of photocatalytic degradation process of TC, leading to a degradation of over 95% of adsorbed TC in nZVI-Mt and PEG-nZVI-Mt samples after 180 min. The photocatalytic-degradation capacity of tetracycline (TC) on PEG-nZVI-Mt (96.7%) and nZVI-Mt (93.6%) was more than 3-fold beyond that on Mt, Na-Mt and PEG-Mt.
A free-form and structural-redundant timber reciprocal frame configuration: intelligent design, optimization and fabrication
Authors: Du Jianbin , Xu Peiqi , Zhao Pengyang , Xia Bo , Zhao Zhenyu
Published: October 2024

Recognizing that reinforced concrete has a shorter lifespan than anticipated and contributes to environmental pollution, timber structures have regained attention for their renewability and eco-friendliness. However, the availability of large-scale timber suitable for modern structural engineering is exceedingly limited. Consequently, reciprocal frames (RF), which utilize small-scale components to achieve large spans, have opened up new architectural possibilities in timber construction. Nonetheless, the current applications of RF systems are hampered by the limited curve adaptability and insufficient structural redundancy. Drawing on traditional RF principles, this study proposes a new RF configuration method that enhances morphological adaptability and structural redundancy, integrating insights from architecture and structural engineering. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive workflow encompassing design, optimization, and fabrication, aimed at validating the mechanical and constructional efficacy of the new configuration, outlining quantitative design guidelines, and highlighting the multiple benefits of this innovation over existing RF solutions. We believe that this configuration concept will challenge current civil engineering practices by enabling timber constructions to be low-cost, large-span, rapidly deployable, morphologically adaptable, and structurally robust, and offer broader applications in scenarios requiring economical and time-efficient solutions such as constructions in underdeveloped regions, disaster relief efforts, and beyond.
Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Caudal Block Versus Quadratus Lumborum Plane Block in Lumbar Spine Surgery in Adult Patients: A Double-Blinded Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Mahmoud Atef Mohamed , Hassan Alyaa Abdel Sattar Mohamed , Mohamed Samar Ahmed Ramadan , seid Mohamed Awad Al
Published: October 2024

Background
Improving surgical results and patient rehabilitation requires effective postoperative pain management. This study compares analgesic efficacy and safety between quadratus lumborum plane (QLP) block and ultrasound-guided caudal block in adult patients following lumbar spine stabilization procedures.
Methods
At Fayoum University Hospital, a double-blind, randomized, controlled experiment was carried out. Three groups—a caudal block group, a QLP block group, or a Control group— were randomized to adult patients (18–60 years old) undergoing lumbar spine fixation as an elective procedure. The time to initially request a rescue analgesic, postoperative pain scores using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), total opioid consumption, intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics, and the frequency of complications were used to measure the effectiveness of analgesics.
Results
111 patients were included, with 37 in each group. The QLP block group had a significantly longer time to first rescue analgesic dose compared to both the control (1 hour) and caudal block groups (15 hours vs. 1 hour and 5 hours, respectively; p < 0.001). Total opioid consumption was lowest in the QLP group (50 mg) compared to the control (150 mg) and caudal block groups (80 mg) (p < 0.001). Pain scores were lower in both the QLP and caudal block groups compared to the control group at most time points, with significant differences at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours postoperatively (p < 0.001). Intraoperative fentanyl usage was significantly reduced in both the QLP and caudal block groups (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the rates of nausea and vomiting among the groups.
Conclusions
Ultrasound-guided caudal block and QLP block both offer advantages over standard care in managing postoperative pain following lumbar spine fixation. The caudal block provided better analgesic efficacy and hemodynamic stability compared to the control, while the QLP block demonstrated the lowest opioid consumption. These findings suggest that regional anaesthesia techniques can be effective alternatives to standard care, with the QLP block being particularly effective for prolonged pain relief.
Trial registration:
This study was conducted at Fayoum University Hospital with approval from the ethics committee, the local institutional board, and approval number M696 from the ethical committee. This trial is randomized, double-blind, and controlled. Qualified patients signed a thorough informed consent form before recruitment and randomization.
Inactivation effect and mechanism of algae in simulated ballast water by DSA electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Jin , Xing Kexin , Cui Jinming , Du Jun
Published: October 2024

Managing biological contaminants in ship ballast water is crucial for maritime nations to mitigate ecological and health risks. This study investigated the efficiency of algae inactivation in simulate ballast water using a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) electrocatalysis system. The findings showed that the inactivation rate varied depending on the algal species and could be optimized by adjusting hydraulic retention time (HTR), current density, and electrode surface area. Furthermore, the DSA electrocatalysis system provided a significantly sustained inactivation effect on algae in the holding time after electrolytic operation. The inactivation rates for Platymonas subcordiformis and Heterosigma akashiwo could reach up to 99.27% and 99.09%, respectively. Besides the direct oxidation and reduction of electric field, the reactive oxygen species, such as 𝐶𝑙𝑂− ∙𝑂𝐻, ∙𝑂2−, whichwere generated during the DSA electrocatalysis process, were primary factors responsible for algae inactivation. The DSA electrocatalysis led to lipid peroxidation in algal cell membranes, causing structural damage and metabolic failure.