bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal extraction sequence modeling for open pit mining operation considering the dynamic cutoff grade
Authors: Moosavi Ehsan , Gholamnejad Javad , Ataee-Pour Majid , Khorram Esmaile
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie

Problem zawartości brzeżnej jest istotnym wyzwaniem badawczym i zadaniem optymalizacyjnym w rocznym planowaniu operacyjnym kopalń odkrywkowych w związku z jej naturą kombinatoryczną. Wynika to z faktu, że wpływa na nią szereg parametrów ekonomicznych, uwarunkowania poszcze- gólnych etapów działalności górniczej, sekwencja eksploatacji górniczej oraz rozkład zawartości składnika użytecznego w złożu. W istocie ocenia się, że dynamiczna zawartość brzeżna podczas danego okresu jest funkcją dostępności rudy oraz potrzeb zakładu przeróbczego w tym okresie. W konsekwencji, strategia ustalania zawartości brzeżnej i kolejność eksploatacji złoża powinny być rozważane równocześnie. Biorąc to pod uwagą, przeprowadzono różne podejścia cclcm opracowania skomputeryzowanej procedury kolejności eksploatacji dla kopalni odkrywkowej. Żadne z otrzy- manych podejść nie uzyskało powszechnej akceptacji z powodu dużej ilości zmiennych. W związku z tym zaproponowano nowy model celem pokonania tego problemu. Model ten rozwiązuje problem w trzech etapach:

- ustalana jest obecna strata ekonomiczna dla każdego rodzaju przeróbki dla każdego eksplo- atowanego bloku;

- rozkład prawdopodobieństwa i zawartość średnia dla każdego rodzaju przeróbki jest wyliczana niezależnie;

- każdy blok z jego przewidywaną stratą ekonomiczną jest rozwijany jako binarny cyfrowy model programowania.

Z użyciem tego modelu określana jest optymalna kolejność eksploatacji dla każdego okresu, na podstawie optymalnych decyzji przetwarzania. W artykule zaprezentowano studium przypadku celem ilustracji przydatności opracowanego modelu. Otrzymane rezultaty wykazują, że kolejność eksplo- atacji ustalona z wykorzystaniem sugerowanego modelu będzie realistyczna i przydatna. Model ten pozwala na rozwiązywanie poważnych problemów w odpowiednio krótkim czasie przy bardzo wysokiej jakości rozwiązań w kontekście określania optymalnej wartości bieżącej netto.
Relationship Between the Content of Hazardous Trace Elements in Coal Lithotypes and their Ashes (405 Coal Seam, U.S.C.B.)
Authors: Kokowska-Pawlowska Magdalena
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie

Zbadano zróżnicowanie zawartości wybranych pierwiastków szkodliwych (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Be, Li, V, As, Ga) w próbkach litotypów i ich popiołach pochodzących z pokładu 405 (warstwy załęskie). Wykazano znaczną zmienność zawartości pierwiastków w badanych próbkach, zależną od rodzaju Ktotypu, a przede wszystkim od zawartości popiołu We wszystkich litotypach najwyższe zawartości wykazały pierwiastki Ba i Mn. Pozostałe oznaczone pierwiastki ze względu na średni udział w litotypach można uszeregować w następującej kolejności: Zn < Pb < V < Cu < Ni < Cr < Ga < Co < Be < Li < As < Cd. Podobną tendencję udziału pierwiastków obserwowano w popiołach litotypów.

Wyliczono współczynnik wzbogacenia (W) w popiołach litotypów, jako stosunek zawartości pierwiastka w popiele do zawartości w litotypic. Założono, że wartości współczynnika W są tym wyższe im wyższa jest zawartość pierwiastka związana z substancją organiczną wręgla.

Na zaw'artość pierwiastków śladowych w litotypach duży wpływ ma ich powinowactwo geoche- miczne do substancji organicznej bądź mineralnej węgla, które określono na podstawie wielkości współczynnika wzbogacenia popiołów litotypów w te pierwiastki.

Najwyższymi wartościami tych współczynników (od 5 do 7) charakteryzują się pierwiastki, takie jak Cr, Be, Cd i Cu, natomiast pozostałe pierwiastki wykazują niższe w'artości (od ok. 2 do ok. 3). Najniższe wartości współczynnika wzbogacenia najczęściej obserwowano w przypadku: Co, Li i Mn.

Na podstawie wyliczonych wartości współczynników wzbogacenia w popiele stwierdzono, że pierwiastki, takie jak Ba, Mn, Li, As, Co, Ga, Ni, Pb i Zn charakteryzowłały się dużym powino- wactwem do substancji mineralnej (niski współczynnik wzbogacenia w popiele). Maksymalna ich koncentracja przypadała na litotypy silnie mincralizowanc - w'ęgicl matowy bądź półbłyszczący.

Natomiast nieliczne pierwiastki, jak: Cr, Be, Cd i Cu W7kazały duże powinowactwo do substancji organicznej węgla (wysoki współczynnik wzbogacenia w popiele) i tendencję do maksymalnej koncentracji w litotypic błyszczącym.

Na podstawie wykazanych istotnych korelacji pierwiastków' śladowych w litotypach z zawartością popiołu można uznać, żc pierwiastki te są główTiic obecne w substancji mineralnej węgla.
An Essay on Complex Valued Propositional Logic
Authors: Sgurev V.
Published: June 2014

In decision making logic it is often necessary to solve logical equations for which, due to the features of disjunction and conjunction, no admissible solutions exist. In this paper an approach is suggested, in which by the introduction of Imaginary Logical Variables (ILV), the classical propositional logic is extended to a complex one. This provides a possibility to solve a large class of logical equations.The real and imaginary variables each satisfy the axioms of Boolean algebra and of the lattice. It is shown that the Complex Logical Variables (CLV) observe the requirements of Boolean algebra and the lattice axioms. Suitable definitions are found for these variables for the operations of disjunction, conjunction, and negation. A series of results are obtained, including also the truth tables of the operations disjunction, conjunction, negation, implication, and equivalence for complex variables. Inference rules are deduced for them analogous to Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens in the classical propositional logic. Values of the complex variables are obtained, corresponding to TRUE (T) and FALSE (F) in the classic propositional logic. A conclusion may be made from the initial assumptions and the results achieved, that the imaginary logical variable i introduced hereby is “truer” than condition “T” of the classic propositional logic and i - “falser” than condition “F”, respectively. Possibilities for further investigations of this class of complex logical structures are pointed out
Pre-Processing of Hyperspectral Images Using Nonlinear Filters
Authors: Behar V. , Bogdanova V.
Published: June 2014

In this paper the use of a set of nonlinear edge-preserving filters is proposed as a pre-processing stage with the purpose to improve the quality of hyperspectral images before object detection. The capability of each nonlinear filter to improve images, corrupted by spatially and spectrally correlated Gaussian noise, is evaluated in terms of the average Improvement factor in the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (IPSNR), estimated at the filter output. The simulation results demonstrate that this pre-processing procedure is efficient only in case the spatial and spectral correlation coefficients of noise do not exceed the value of 0.6
Model Predictive Control of a pH Maintaining System
Authors: Grancharova A. , Kostov L.
Published: June 2014

In this paper the problem of optimal regulation of a pH maintaining system is considered, where the outputs are the pH value and the liquid level in the system and the control inputs are the flow rates of the base input flow and the output flow. The optimal regulation problem is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control problem in the presence of constraints. Two cases are considered: 1) presence of box constraints only on the control inputs and 2) considering also constraints on the rate of change of the inputs.
Reinforcement Learning for Predictive Maintenance of Industrial Plants
Authors: Koprinkova-Hristova P.
Published: June 2014

The reinforcement learning is a well-known approach for solving optimization problems having limited information about plant dynamics. Its key element, named “critic” is aimed at prediction of future “punish/reward” signals received as a result of undertaken control actions. The main idea in the present work is to use such a “critic” element for prediction of approaching alarm situations based on limited measurement information from the industrial plant. In order to train the critic network in real time it is proposed to use a special kind of a fast trainable recurrent neural network, called Echo State Network (ESN). The approach proposed is demonstrated on an example for predictive maintenance of a mill fan in Maritsa East 2 Thermal Power Plant
On the Two Lists of ‘Four [Types Of] Words’ (Nāṟ-col) in the Śāstric Descriptions of Tamil
Authors: Chevillard Jean-Luc
Published: June 2014

This article examines, from the perspective of the History of Linguistics, the specifications and the genesis of two distinct lists of four sets of words which are often found in the ancient shastric corpus of the Tamil-speaking South. One of those lists, which is found inside the “pure grammar” component of that technical literature, enumerates ‘nouns’ (peyarc col), ‘verbs’ (viṉaic col), ‘particles’ (iṭaic col), and uric col (lit. ‘appropriate words’), whereas the other list, which reflects the fact that one of the main aims of “grammar” was to describe literature, enumerates ‘simple words’ (iyaṟcol), tiricol (lit. ‘mutant words’ or ‘twisted words’), ‘regional words’ (ticaic col), and ‘Northern words’ (vaṭacol). In both lists, there is an item for which it is difficult to find a simple translation, namely uriccol for the first list and tiricol for the second list. T he difficulty in identifying and explaining the intention of those who coined those terms seems to be in part due to the fact that the texts which the Tamil tradition has transmitted to us are an assemblage of various parts that were once fragments of a “work in progress”, now fossilized, which was partly abandoned, either because another śāstra (that of lexicography) took over part of the descriptive effort, and/or because the ambition to compile a dhātu-pāṭha (the Sanskrit term for a list of verbal roots) for the Tamil language was abandoned, if such a project ever existed. The fact that discontinuities in the transmission of Tamil śāstric literature do exist is attested to, for instance, by the hesitation of traditional commentators, while explaining sūtra TP 385i (alias TP 392p), which is a characterization of marapu (approx. ‘usage’), said to be dependent on the power of ‘the four words’. The commentators are cautious in deciding which of the two lists of ‘four words’ is meant, possibly hoping to suggest that the sūtra might refer to both, because they believe in the “beauty of compromise”.
The Development of Graphic Representation in Abugida Writing: The Akshara’s Grammar
Authors: Fedorova Liudmila
Published: June 2014

Phonological writing systems can use different modes in the arrangement of phonological information: linear or emblematic. The latter presupposes a two-dimensional composition of graphic elements which convey information of different levels: basic phonological units or their secondary features. Abugida is one of the most perfect modes of writing, using a two-dimensional principle of organization in its graphemes. Indian scripts imply forms of abugida, based on aksharas - orthographic syllables - as main graphemes, with their vocalization marked by sub-graphemes. Their complex forms reveal hierarchical structures representing phonological structures. Thus, “the akshara’s grammar” may be described, with its paradigms of shapes and meanings, their organization in space, their modes of conjunction. The functional characteristics of diacritic types and ligatures can be specified. The graphic shapes of the akshara can be represented as forming a “grammar” comparable to morphological structures. The graphic complexity of writing can then be estimated in typological perspective. This paper is an attempt to describe such a grammar.
Backernagel is Wackernagel Lite. On the “P-Minus 2” Clitics of Santali
Authors: Hock Hans Henrich
Published: June 2014

Santali presents structures with subject clitics in “P minus 2” (P-2) position, before the final verb and enclitic on the preverbal element, a position called “Backernagel” by Kidwai (2005). P-2 is commonly considered to lack clear cross-linguistic support; moreover, while generative accounts can accommodate utterance-second position (P2) as adjunction to a left-peripheral projection, they have no ready way of accommodating P -2.

The history and synchrony of Munda “P-2” have elicited several accounts. Anderson (2007) considers three possibilities: Reanalysis of Proto-Munda subject proclitics as enclitic; extension of postverbal object clitics to preverbal subject function; attachment of original resumptive pronouns to the preverbal element.

I present evidence for a different hypothesis: The Santali Backernagel clitics originate as P 2 or classical Wackernagel elements. A more fine-grained definition of Wackernagel in terms of different prosodic domains (such as utterance/theme vs. rheme) permits the hypothesis that the apparent P -2 is still a W ackernagel position, but within the rheme rather than the entire utterance, and that within the rheme, the prosodically strongest, preverbal-focus element is the most attractive clitic host.

I support my account with evidence from Santali and other Kherwarian languages (which offer traces of an original P 2 position) and parallel developments in Iranian (where the different stages in the development can be traced in greater detail).

Backernagel, thus, is a subtype of Wackernagel, and there is no need to assume a typologically problematic P -2 position for Munda (or for various Iranian varieties).
Obligational Constructions in New Indo-Aryan Languages of Western India
Authors: Khokhlova Liudmila V.
Published: June 2014

The paper describes historical roots as well as syntactic and semantic properties of the three main obligational constructions in modern Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi, Rajasthani 1 and Gujarati2 These constructions differ from one another by the degree and by the type of obligation. The main syntactic properties of obligational constructions discussed in the paper are Agent marking and long distance agreement rules. It will be demonstrated that the increasing frequency of the Dative instead of the Instrumental Agent marking in constructions of obligation was part of the gradual destruction of the ‘passive syntax’ typical for the climactic stage of ergative development.
The Yugapad-Way Of Using Words: How a Linguistic Taboo Became a Crucial Literary Strategy
Authors: Pontillo Tiziana
Published: June 2014

As Kātyāyana emphasizes while commenting on the ekaśeṣa-rules, words apply per object. Consequently, no word should be capable of conveying more than one object. By contrast not only does paronomasia, the so-called śleṣa, break the one-to-one relation between the śabda- and artha-levels of language; there are also grammatical rules which look like deviations from the naturally expected cause-effect relation between word forms and their meanings. The ekaśeṣa-rule represents one of these exceptions, since some parts of the artha are comprehensible, even without employing the word-form denoting them, such as mātṛ in the dual noun pitarau, meaning ‘mother and father’ rather than ‘the two fathers’. P atañjali already mentions an intriguing option in the use of śabdas, when he notes that a word form can merely convey its primary denotation, such as candra denoting the ‘moon’, or can express something that is ‘like something else’, such as candra conveying the sense of a ‘face like a moon’. These exceptions are reconsidered here within the framework of the “yugapad-expression”, which is how Bhartṛhari defines one of the two language options (the other one being kramaḥ ‘sequence’), an option realised when a single word simultaneously conveys more than one meaning, but an option whose use is discouraged.

Technical (ritual and grammatical) speculations on simultaneity as an exception to the bi-unique relationship between a cause and its effect date back to the 2nd to 3rd centuries BC. Nonetheless, grammarians insist on excluding these extreme applications of meaning extension; only the late kāvyālaṃkāraśāstra- authors extol the virtues of the phenomenon. The paper focuses on the trajectory that might have been followed in the intervening changes.
The birth of the first child as a positive event in the lives of young parents
Authors: Wójtowicz-Dacka Małgorzata
Published: June 2014

The aim of the study was to research the relatioship between level of knowledge possessed by the contemporary parents about the psychological needs of small children and their perception of the birth of their child as a positive event. Study involved 90 parents, aged 25-30, who are currently raising young children up to 1 year of age. The analyses that were carried out verified the existence of such a correlation, but the event of birth is not a positive event for all parents. In summary, the sense of satisfaction with the birth of a child and perceiving this situation as a positive event is especially high among women and those with a higher education. For men and for parents with a low level of education, it can become a positive experience if they raise their level of knowledge about the needs of small children.
Features of Emotional Experiences in Individuals with Personality Disorders
Authors: Trzebińska Ewa , Gabińska Anna
Published: June 2014

Personality disorders (PDs) are marked by significant disturbances in the way of experiencing oneself, others and the world around. Yet there is paucity of research on the nature of emotional experiences in these disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether and how emotional experience of individuals with ten distinct forms of PDs distinguished in DSM differs from those without PDs. The study was conducted via the Internet on a large nonclinical sample (N = 3509). Participants were administered a PDs measure and a performance task assessing three features of emotional experiences: emotional sensitivity, the valence of experienced emotions and the profile of five components constituting an emotion. As predicted, PDs sufferers experienced emotions differently from controls. Results demonstrated that individuals with all PDs were more receptive to emotional elicitation and displayed higher negative emotionality and a deficiency in the affective component of experienced emotions.
You never compare alone: How social consensus and comparative context affect self-evaluation
Authors: Grabowski Adam , Broemer Philip
Published: June 2014

Three studies address the role of social consensus on evaluative standards in different comparative contexts. Previous research has documented that self-categorisation at the individual or group level changes social comparison effects in terms of assimilation and contrast. With regard to self-ratings of physical attractiveness, the present studies show that people who focus on group membership can benefit from including outstanding others in their reference group, whereas people who focus on their individual attributes run the risk of self-devaluation. It is argued that high consensus strengthens the association between evaluative standards and group membership and renders the inclusion of outstanding others more likely. Study 3 shows that the need to protect self-esteem moderates the influence of perceived consensus. Stressing the individual self led participants who received negative feedback to exclude outstanding others when consensus was low. Stressing the social self, however, led participants to include outstanding others when consensus was high.
The Continuum of Conscientiousness: The Antagonistic Interests among Obsessive and Antisocial Personalities
Authors: Hertler Steven C.
Published: June 2014

The five factor trait of conscientiousnessis a supertrait, denoting on one hand a pattern of excessive labor, rigidity, orderliness and compulsivity,and on the other hand a pattern of strict rectitude, scrupulosity, dutifulness and morality. In both respects the obsessive-compulsive personality is conscientious; indeed, it has been labeled a disorder of extreme conscientiousness (Widiger et al., 2009). Antisocial personality disorder, in the present paper, is described as occupying the opposite end of the conscientiousness continuum. The antisocial is impulsive rather than compulsive, illicit rather than licit, and furtive rather than forthright.After clinically comparing the obsessive and antisocial personalities, the present paper invokes evolutionary theory to explain their resultant behavioral, ideological, political and demographic differences.
Latent Class Analysis of Criminal Social Identity in a Prison Sample
Authors: Boduszek Daniel , O’Shea Catherine , Dhingra Katie , Hyland Philip
Published: June 2014

This study aimed to examine the number of latent classes of criminal social identity that exist among male recidivistic prisoners. Latent class analysis was used to identify homogeneous groups of criminal social identity. Multinomial logistic regression was used to interpret the nature of the latent classes, or groups, by estimating the associationsto number of police arrests, recidivism, and violent offending while controlling for current age. The best fitting latent class model was a five-class solution: ‘High criminal social identity’ (17%), ‘High Centrality, Moderate Affect, Low Ties’ (21.7%), ‘Low Centrality, Moderate Affect, High Ties’ (13.3%),‘Low Cognitive, High Affect, Low Ties’ (24.6%), and ‘Low criminal social identity’ (23.4%). Each of the latent classes was predicted by differing external variables. Criminal social identity is best explained by five homogenous classes that display qualitative and quantitative differences.
Are there cross-cultural differences in emotional processing and social problem-solving?
Authors: Kwaśniewska Aneta , Thomas Kevin , Baker Roger
Published: June 2014

Emotional processing and social problem-solving are important for mental well-being. For example, impaired emotional processing is linked with depression and psychosomatic problems. However, little is known about crosscultural differences in emotional processing and social problem-solving and whether these constructs are linked. This study examines whether emotional processing and social problem-solving differs between Western (British) and Eastern European (Polish) cultures. Participants (N = 172) completed questionnaires assessing both constructs. Emotional processing did not differ according to culture, but Polish participants reported more effective social problem-solving abilities than British participants. Poorer emotional processing was also found to relate to poorer social problem-solving. Possible societal reasons for the findings and the implications of the findings for culture and clinical practice are discussed.
The role of temperament in the changes of coping in Type 2 diabetes: direct and indirect relationships
Authors: Kroemeke Aleksandra , Kwissa-Gajewska Zuzanna
Published: June 2014

The paper investigates whether the changes in cognitive appraisal and coping strategies related to initiation of insulin treatment onset mediate the effect of temperament on changes in positivity ratio among diabetic patients. Temperament, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies and positivity ratio (ratio of positive to negative affect) were assessed among 278 patients: just before conversion to insulin therapy and then one month later. Mediation analysis indicated that endurance and briskness were directly connected to changes in positivity ratio, whilst the effect of perseveration on positivity ratio was indirect via changes in negative appraisal, emotion- and problem-focused coping. The results confirm the stressful nature of the initiation of insulin treatment, and the assumptions of Lazarus’ model of stress and regulative role of temperament.
The state of agri-food export of the Visegrad countries in EU markets
Authors: Bozsik Norbert
Published: June 2014

The agri-food export of the Visegrad countries has increased significantly since 2004. Since their EU accession the agri-food export of the V4 countries did not only grow - disregarding the setback in 2009 - but the EU has become their dominating market. The objective of this paper is to analyse the market position of the agri-food products of the Visegrad countries in the EU market. On the basis of the Constant Market Share (CMS) model it can be stated that in the case of each and every country the significant positive competitiveness effect, the value of which was between 58% and 70%, triggered the expansion of the agri-food export. The positive market size effect also played an important role in the growth of the export. For the Visegrad countries this meant 30-40%. However, the structural effect was negligible for each country (-1-4%). This means that the export structure of the Visegrad countries could not adjust properly to the changes of the import structure of the EU markets. On the basis of quality competitiveness the agri-food product groups of the V4 countries - with very few exceptions - have increased their market share in EU markets, which was primarily attainable because of the rising export prices. However, some achieved an increased market share with decreasing export prices. .
The impact of the institutional environment on the development of the rural economy in the Belgorod region of Russia
Authors: Dorofeev Andrei , Sazonov Sergei , Heijman Wim
Published: June 2014

This article deals with the problems in the development of agriculture in Russia caused by an imperfect institutional environment. The characteristics of institutional conditions and their influence on the development of agriculture is discussed. The main institutional changes which have taken place in Russia over the past 20 years are described, including the ownership of the means of production, commodity-money relations, access to and distribution of profits and competition. The main body of the article presents an analysis of the development of agriculture in the Belgorod region in relation to the status of the institutional environment.
Sustainable Rural Development in Russia Through Diversification: The Case of the Stavropol Region
Authors: Erokhin Vasily , Heijman Wim , Ivolga Anna
Published: June 2014

The contemporary relevance of ensuring sustainable rural development is stipulated, on the one hand, by the growing economic and social backwardness of rural territories, and on the other hand by their ultimate importance for the nation in such issues as food security, preservation of soil and environmental resources, and the utilisation of agricultural, production and labour potentials. One of the key conditions of sustainable rural development is sufficient employment which provides rural inhabitants with a sustainable income which is competitive in comparison to urban territories. This paper includes an analysis of the current problems of rural development, based on the example of the Stavropol Region, one of the most agricultural regions of Russia; the paper addresses threats to sustainable rural development such as unemployment and depopulation, and substantiates the practicality of diversification of traditional rural sources of income by means of tourism and other alternative activities.
The Implementation of the Leader Approach in Slovak Republic, Identification of Problems and Possible Solutions
Authors: Zaujecová Petra , Schwarcz Pavol
Published: June 2014

The paper deals with the integrated development in rural areas realized by the LEADER approach. This approach is based on the territorial principle, where the significant role are playing local actors operating in the area, who through their actions influence it’s development. The LEADER approach is being implemented through the Axis 4 of the Rural Development Policy. The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the implementation of the LEADER approach in particular Local Action Groups in Slovakia, to identify problems with implementation and to suggest solutions for their elimination. In the paper we evaluate the internal operation of the Local Action Group - the balance of relations between members, defining areas of their mutual cooperation and participation rate in the calls from the perspective of managers of Local Action Groups as well as external relations - relations with Agricultural Paying Agency and ways of influencing the operation of Local Action Groups through legislation. We also focuses on personal views of managers on meeting the needs of the Local Action Group by the projects realized within the Axis 4 LEADER. We also pointed out problems connected with the direction of the Axis 4 in terms of the possibility of funds spending, we defined negative impacts of the legislation as well as particular activities of the Agricultural Paying Agency on Local Action Group‘s performance.
Impact of WTO Accession on Agriculture Sustainable Development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Garnik Sergei , Sokolnikova Olga
Published: June 2014

In the globalized context of the modern world, the phenomenon of regional integration is one of the most significant factors influencing every aspect of social and economic development of the society. In this regard, new economic relations are formed in Russia in all sectors of the economy, including its industrial agricultural complex. Russian economy as a whole and its agriculture are experiencing the effects of various factors that have both a global and regional perspectives.
Creation of Responsible Behavior and Impact on Sustainable Customer Buying Behavior in Retail Sector
Authors: Paluchová Johana , Prokeinová Renáta Benda
Published: June 2014

Context of sustainable consumption is based on conscious and rational behaving consumer. The retail industry, from suburban big-box stores to boutique shops, is among the most public of industries. Retailers employ millions and directly enable most consumer purchases. As such, they are in a unique position to advance sustainability by educating consumers and offering products with recycled content, durability, and ethical supply chains. In this article, we write about what leading retailers are doing or not doing to advance principals of sustainability in the products or services they sell, and how the consumers sustainably thing. The article is a part of Scientifics project VEGA 1/0874/14: Use of neuromarketing in visual merchandising of food industry. The main aim of our articele is through the selected statistics methods, to analyse an impact of sustainability on consumer decision and the processes in doing a good business in final visual merchandising. Through Apriori and association rules methods, we modelled a prototype of sustainable consumer on the basis of our questionnaire research, done in 2013 year and we mention a consumer behavior to food waste.
Clinical Decision Making for the Evaluation and Management of Coccydynia: 2 Case Reports
Authors: Marinko Lee N. , Pecci Matthew
Published: June 2014

Study Design

Case report.

Background

Coccydynia is a painful condition of the sacrococcygeal region, with symptoms associated with sitting and rising from a seated position. There is no gold standard for diagnosis of this condition; however, coccyx mobility assessment, pain provocation testing, and imaging have been proposed as reasonable diagnostic approaches. Once correctly diagnosed, treatment options for coccydynia include conservative management and surgical excision. The purpose of this report is to describe the different but successful clinical management strategies of 2 patients with coccydynia.

Case Description

Two women, 26 and 31 years of age, presented to physical therapy with persistent coccygeal pain that increased with prolonged sitting and intensified when transitioning from sit to stand. One patient had a traumatic onset of symptoms, in contrast to the other patient, for whom prolonged sitting was the precipitating factor. Both individuals were considered to have hypomobility of the sacrococcygeal joint, as assessed through intrarectal mobility testing, which also reproduced their symptoms. In both patients, examination of the lumbar spine was negative for alleviation or reproduction of symptoms. The patient with a traumatic onset of symptoms was referred to physical therapy at the onset of her symptoms, whereas the patient with a nontraumatic onset of symptoms was initially treated with a cortisone injection and, when symptoms returned 1 year later, was referred to physical therapy. Both individuals underwent manual therapy to the sacrococcygeal joint over 3 treatment sessions.

Outcomes

The patient with traumatic onset of symptoms had almost complete resolution of symptoms, whereas the patient with a nontraumatic onset only had temporary relief. This patient required further diagnostic examination and surgical excision.

Discussion

Although the mechanisms of injury were different, both patients presented with similar clinical symptoms, and both were considered to have coccydynia through coccyx mobility assessment and pain provocation testing. Successful clinical outcomes were achieved in both cases; however, the interventions were significantly different.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):615–621. Epub 23 June 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4850
A Proteomic Analysis of Seed Proteins Expressed in a Brassica Somatic Hybrid and its two Parental Species
Authors: Hossain M. M. , Li X. , Evans I. H. , Rahman M.A.
Published: June 2014

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is one of the worlds major vegetable crops. However, the cabbage plant cannot be readily vernalized and produce seed in the tropics, whereas Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) can be conveniently vernalized at the seed stage. Proteins from seeds of an IPSA cabbage-Chinese cabbage somatic hybrid showing both hybrid vigour and the seed-stage vernalization characteristic were analyzed and compared with those of its two parents.  1D gel analysis indicated some differential expression of the seed proteins. Furthermore,  in 2D, gel analysis, 13 differentially expressed protein spots were examined:  of these ten were found to belong to the cruciferin seed storage protein complex, two were unidentifiable (no MASCOT match), and one was identified as late embryogenesis Abundant (LEA)-like protein, and was present only in the cabbage parent. This LEA-like protein in cabbage seed could therefore be implicated in interfering with the vernalization process in the tropics. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 11-26, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19187
An Improved System for Rapid in vitro Regeneration of Saintpaulia ionantha
Authors: Ghorbanzade Zahra , Ahmadabadi Mohammad
Published: June 2014

For rapid multiplication and genetic manipulation of African violets (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) was aimed at developing a rapid and efficient regeneration and adaptation system from leaf explants. Using RM medium supplemented with different combinations of growth regulators, we developed a highly efficient and time-saving in vitro regeneration protocol. The developed system was also successfully applied for plant regeneration from petiole and internode explants of several Saintpaulia cultivars at a high efficiency. Regeneration occurred through both somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis at a high frequency. Also, we developed a rapid root formation protocol followed by their efficient adaptation for in vitro regenerated plantlets. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 37-45, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19194
Authentication of Silybum marianum Varieties Using RAPD Analysis
Authors: Zid Sameh Abou
Published: June 2014

Silybum marianum is an important medicinal plant used for hepatic disorders. Two varieties exist for this plant S. marianum var. album (white-flowered) and S. marianum var. purple (purple-flowered). A fast and simple method (RAPD) was developed for authentication of S. marianum varieties (purple- and white- flowered) at a DNA level. The two varieties were distinguished by polymorphic bands generated by four decamer primers, namely, OPP-10, OPG-03, OPG-01, and OPC-17. The developed RAPD method will be useful for practical authentication of S. marianum varieties and their adulterants. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 57-63, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19200
Induction of Direct Adventitious Shoot Regeneration in Pear (Pyrus communis L.)
Authors: Yousefiara Mahdieh , Kermani Maryam Jafarkhani , Bagheri Abdolreza , Habashi Ali Akbar , Abdollahi Hamid
Published: June 2014

Efficient direct shoot regeneration of two pear (Pyrus communis L.), namely  'bartlett' and 'dargazi' was successfully developed for the use in future genetic engineering research. The basal MS and NN media supplemented with different concentrations of TDZ (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 ?M) or BAP (0, 4, 8, 16 ?M) in combination with NAA (1 ?M) were compared. The result showed that direct adventitious shoot regeneration in pear was highly dependent on genotype, explant type and culture media. 'dargazi' had higher rate of regeneration compared to 'bartlett' and in both cultivars the highest per cent of regeneration was observed in lower sections of the leaves. Although the highest per cent of regeneration in 'bartlett' (38) was attained in the NN medium containing 2.5 µM TDZ and 1 µM NAA, but the differences in shoot regeneration between media containing 5 or 7.5 µM TDZ and 1 µM NAA were not significant. The highest per cent of regeneration in 'dargazi' (56) was obtained in NN medium containing 7.5 µm TDZ and 1 µm NAA. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 87-92, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19215
Isolation of Protoplasts from Nepenthes - A Plant Carnivore
Authors: Sweat Jaylen , S. Bodri Michael
Published: June 2014

Protoplasts were isolated from the lamina of greenhouse grown Nepenthes ampullaria and the hybrid N. Rokko Exotica in order to develop a protocol for protoplast isolation suitable for wild species of Nepenthes. Various molarities utilizing mannitol or sorbitol and different enzyme mixtures and concentrations as well as incubation times were evaluated to maximize protoplast yield and viability.  The most effective treatment, a 4 hrs incubation at 40 rpm and 25°C in a solution consisting of 0.5 M sorbitol, 5% cellulase Onozuka R-10, 0.5% macerozyme R-10, and 0.3% pectolyase Y-23, generated 4.35 × 106 protoplasts/ gfw of which 62.1% were viable.  Culture was attempted in respect of  regeneration of the cell wall, however, no cell division was observed. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 93-100, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19217
Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on Organogenesis in Rhizome Cultures of Cymbidium kanran Makino
Authors: Kamal Mohammad Mostafa , Shimasaki Kazuhiko , Akter Nasren
Published: June 2014

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 121-124, 2014 (June)D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19255
La Photographie plasticienne: une question française?
Authors: Nachtergael Magali
Published: June 2014

En France, le débat théorique sur les frontières entre art et photographie a connu son point culminant au début des années 1980 et s'est cristallisé à l'occasion de l'exposition Ils se disent peintres, ils se disent photographes… au Musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris. Lorsque la philosophe et critique Dominique Baqué suggère la notion de « photographie plasticienne » une décennie plus tard pour concilier des pratiques hybrides, elle rencontre l'opposition d'une partie des historiens de la photographie qui tentaient pour leur part de légitimer la photographie en tant qu'art à travers les principes modernistes de l'esthétique picturale. Mais les pratiques et usages de la photographie par les artistes contemporains mettent en œuvre une évidente plasticité du médium qui brouille les anciennes catégories formelles de l'art. Cette reconfiguration conduit également à réévaluer la nature même de la photographie, à l'aune d'une multiplicité formelle et contextuelle qui s'inscrit à l’ère numérique dans une économie esthétique globale.
Not Yet Fallen: Memory, Trace and Time in Stéphane Couturier's City Photography
Authors: Jordan Shirley
Published: June 2014

Harnessing concepts related to memory, trace, time and the archive, this article examines in detail the highly distinctive city photography of French photographer Stéphane Couturier. It focuses on the ways in which two of Couturier's major series, Archéologie urbaine (1994–2010) and Melting Point (2005–13), investigate the fabric of urban environments in Europe and beyond, concentrating in the first case on heritage layers and pockets of demolition or reconstruction, and in the second on the pervasive modular architecture of urban and peri-urban blocks. The article analyses the tension in Couturier between the photograph as documentary and as art, and situates the photographer – an architect by training – with regard to key nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century predecessors whose studies of the city in photography and in painting appear to resurface in his work and whose engagement with urban change and technological evolution he shares and updates for our time.
De la « notation » à la « fictionalisation » de la vie: panorama des tendances photobiographiques dans la littérature française des années 1970 à nos jours
Authors: Arribert-Narce Fabien
Published: June 2014

Cet article examine le genre littéraire photobiographique qui est monté en puissance en France à partir des années 1970 avec la publication de livres comme La Chambre claire de Roland Barthes, L'Image fantôme d'Hervé Guibert ou encore L'Amant de Marguerite Duras. Il semble plus particulièrement que les œuvres autobiographiques formant ce corpus de plus en plus fourni puissent être schématiquement réparties en deux catégories distinctes en fonction de leur mode d'utilisation de la photo et de leurs orientations éthiques et esthétiques; on peut ainsi distinguer d'une part une tendance à se servir de la photo comme un modèle de notation (d'enregistrement graphique) de la vie sur le vif, et donc à la fois comme un document et une preuve de la réalité passée, et d'autre part une tendance fictionalisante insistant davantage sur les possibilités de projection (imaginaire) et de mise en scène (et en récit) offertes par les images.
Piloting the EHR4CR Feasibility Platform across Europe
Authors: Bache R. , McGilchrist M. , Daniel C. , Dugas M. , Fritz F. , Doods J.
Published: June 2014

Background: Pharmaceutical clinical trials are primarily conducted across many countries, yet recruitment numbers are frequently not met in time. Electronic health records store large amounts of potentially useful data that could aid in this process. The EHR4CR project aims at re-using EHR data for clinical research purposes.

Objective: To evaluate whether the protocol feasibility platform produced by the Electronic Health Records for Clinical Research (EHR4CR) project can be installed and set up in accordance with local technical and governance requirements to execute protocol feasibility queries uniformly across national borders.

Methods: We installed specifically engineered software and warehouses at local sites. Approvals for data access and usage of the platform were acquired and terminology mapping of local site codes to central platform codes were performed. A test data set, or real EHR data where approvals were in place, were loaded into data warehouses. Test feasibility queries were created on a central component of the platform and sent to the local components at eleven university hospitals.

Results: To use real, de-identified EHR data we obtained permissions and approvals from ‘data controllers‘ and ethics committees. Through the platform we were able to create feasibility queries, distribute them to eleven university hospitals and retrieve aggregated patient counts of both test data and de-identified EHR data.

Conclusion: It is possible to install a uniform piece of software in different university hospitals in five European countries and configure it to the requirements of the local networks, while complying with local data protection regulations. We were also able set up ETL processes and data warehouses, to reuse EHR data for feasibility queries distributed over the EHR4CR platform.
“Push-past” Reaming as a Reduction Aid With Intramedullary Nailing of Metadiaphyseal and Diaphyseal Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Gary Joshua L. , Munz John W. , Burgess Andrew R.
Published: June 2014

Eccentric reaming of cortical bone near a fracture site can introduce malalignment when an intramedullary nail is placed. The authors describe a technique of reaming metadiaphyseal and diaphyseal femur fractures in which maintaining reduction at the fracture site is not necessary to obtain an excellent alignment of long bone fractures after intramedullary nailing. They have found that central reaming proximal and distal to, but not at, the fracture site allows for excellent reduction of long bone fractures when the intramedullary nail is passed. The reamer is stopped just before the fracture site and then “pushed” across the fracture prior to resumption of reaming. The authors present “push-past” reaming as a technical trick to facilitate reduction of femoral fractures treated with intramedullary nails and a consecutive series of 18 cases in which excellent postoperative alignment was achieved. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(6):393–396.]
Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction: Coracoid Tunnel Diameter Correlates With Failure Risk
Authors: Rylander Lucas S. , Baldini Todd , Mitchell Justin J. , Messina Michael , Justl Ellis Ian A. , McCarty Eric C.
Published: June 2014

The current study compared tunnel diameter as an independent risk factor for fixation failure from the coracoid after transcoracoid coracoclavicular reconstruction. The effect of variation in coracoid size and scapular bone density on fixation failure was also studied. Sixty-two cadaveric scapulae were randomized into 1 of 4 groups: a control group with no coracoid hole, a group with a 4-mm transcoracoid tunnel, a group with a 6-mm transcoracoid tunnel, and a group with a socket technique using a 6-mm hole superiorly with a 4-mm hole inferiorly. Bone density measures for all specimens were performed. Coracoid dimensions were quantified. Using a cortical button device, all specimens were loaded to failure with an Instron servohydraulic testing machine (Instron Corp, Canton, Massachusetts). All drilled specimens failed by button pullout, and all control specimens failed by coracoid fracture. Average pullout strength for each tunnel subgroup was as follows: 4 mm, 296.9 N; 6 mm, 146.2 N; 6-4 socket, 261.8 N; control, 762.9 N. No difference was found with respect to tunnel subgroups in base height (
P
=.25) or bone density (
P
=.44). Load to failure for the control group was significantly higher than for the other 3 techniques. The 4-mm tunnel load to failure was significantly higher than that for the 6-mm tunnel (
P
=.006). No difference was found between the 4-mm tunnel and the 6-4 socket technique (
P
=.853). Although it was not statistically significant, a very strong trend was seen toward increased strength of the 6-4 socket over the 6-mm tunnel (
P
=.051). The study results show that when employing a transcoracoid reconstruction technique, a 4-mm tunnel technique is significantly stronger than a 6-mm tunnel technique. None of the coracoids drilled with the various tunnels approached the strength of the native coracoid controls using a looped wire technique.