bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The illusion of knowing in metacognitive monitoring: Effects of the type of information and of personal, cognitive, metacognitive, and individual psychological characteristics
Authors: Avhustiuk Maria Mykolaivna , Pasichnyk Ihor Demydovych , Kalamazh Ruslana Volodymyrivna
Published: June 2018

The aim of the paper is to analyse the illusion of knowing in metacognitive monitoring of the learning activity of university students (n = 262). The analysis focuses on the effects of the different types of information proposed and of personal, cognitive, metacognitive, and individual psychological characteristics of the participants. The research has shown that the illusion of knowing can occur in all types of metacognitive judgments, but is more evident in prospective judgments and depends on the type of information, its length and style, task type, etc. There are empirically established correlations between the selected personal, cognitive, and metacognitive characteristics. Gender and age differences in the manifestation of the illusion of knowing are not observed, although it is found that women tend towards overconfidence. The results also showed that the illusion of knowing is more typical for younger students, especially for those with lower levels of academic achievements.
Therapists’ experiences in their work with sex offenders and people with pedophilia: A literature review
Authors: Hardeberg Bach Maria , Demuth Carolin
Published: June 2018

This article presents a review of the literature that pertains to the experiences of therapists who work directly with child sex offenders and/or people with pedophilia. We draw together results from studies that attempted to identify how therapists experience such work and how they were personally impacted by it. Usually, such studies are embedded within one of the following theoretical frameworks: Secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, vicarious traumatization and burnout. Most literature on the topic has therefore sought to determine to what extent and why, work-related stress responses may occur among these therapists. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide insight into this, arguably, important line of research, while evaluating the current knowledge as well as providing recommendations for future research efforts.
Real game worlds: The emotional reality of fictional worlds
Authors: Mortensen Torill Elvira
Published: June 2018

There are two ways to understand play: one is to observe it, the other is to participate in it. Since 2001, game studies has promoted participation as one of the main requirements to understand play. Some play is so performative that while it can be observed, it also must be played. Game worlds, the worlds of online, multi-user games, are delicate constructs of make-believe and technology, which act as support and arenas for immersive, theatrical and/or competitive play. This is a discussion of how far virtual ethnography can take the researcher in understanding game worlds. To explore this, this article will address play, game worlds and transmediality, as well as discuss methods. I will look to Lisbeth Klastrup and Susana Tosca to discuss story worlds, as well as to discussions led by Celia Pearce, Tom Boellstorff and T. L. Taylor (among others) to discuss ethnography in games and virtual ethnographies.
Prosthesis retention after an infected hip prosthesis: hip fractures versus primary total hip prosthesis, data from 1998 - 2015
Authors: de Lieke M.A. , Neve William C. , Steens Jeroen
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Background: A prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication and specifically a burden for patients after hip fracture surgery, as they are mostly frail elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Since treatment protocols are lacking there is a need to evaluate current practice.Aim: To evaluate the difference in prosthesis retention after an infected primary total hip replacement (THR) compared to PJI after hip prosthesis surgery performed for a hip fracture.Methods: We retrospectively collected data of patients who developed PJI after primary THR or after hip fracture surgery (THR or hemiarthroplasty) in the Westfriesgasthuis Hospital between 1998 and 2015. Main outcome variables were DAIR treatment and prosthesis retention.Findings: A PJI developed in 48 patients after primary THR and in 23 patients after hip fracture surgery. DAIR was performed in all patients after primary THR and in 87.0% of patients after hip fracture surgery (p<0.05). In 11.4% of patients after primary THR, revision surgery was performed within 1 year after PJI compared to 34.8% after hip fracture surgery (p<0.05). Only 2.1% of patients deceased within 1 year after infection of primary THR compared to 34.8% after hip fracture surgery (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our results showed that prosthesis retention in patients with a PJI after hip fracture surgery is 23% lower than in patients with a PJI after primary THR. This is probably due to the fact that patients who experience a hip fracture are mostly frail elderly with multiple comorbidities and therefore less able to conquer a PJI.
Treatment of Prosthetic Joint Infection with Debridement, Antibiotics and Irrigation with Implant Retention - a Narrative Review
Authors: Sousa Ricardo , Abreu Miguel Araújo
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Prosthetic joint infection usually requires combined medical and surgical therapy. While revision surgery is widely considered to be the gold standard surgical procedure, debridement, antibiotics and irrigation with implant retention is a very appealing alternative.There is however great controversy regarding its real worth with success rates ranging from 0% to over 90%. A number of different patient and host related variables as well as specific aspects of surgical and medical management have been described as relevant for the final outcome.Along this paper, the authors will provide the readers with a critical narrative review of the currently available literature while trying to provide concise and practical treatment recommendations regarding adequate patient selection criteria, proper surgical technique and optimal antibiotic therapy.
INFLUENCE OF WEIGHT OF MEAT-TYPE HYBRID HATCHING EGGS ON INCUBATION RESULTS
Authors: VEKIĆ Marinko , MITRAKOVIĆ Mirjana , SAVIĆ Đorđe
Published: June 2018

The aim of study was to examine the values of the incubation parameters(weight loss, fertilization, hatchability of placed and fertilized eggs, total, early,middle and late embryonic mortality) of eggs of different weights in brolier hybridCobb 500. In total, 600 eggs were divided into four equal groups (n = 150 each)according to their weight: 57.5-62.5 g (S); 62.6-67.5 g (M); 67.6-72.5 g (L) and 72.6-77.50 g (XL). Values of incubation parameters were determined and statisticallyprocessed by standard methods. The weight of eggs significantly influenced the lossof egg weight during incubation (p<0.05), with this loss being higher in smaller eggs(group S 11.10% and group M 11.40%) compared to larger eggs (group L 10.42%and group XL 10.31%). Hatchability of all eggs in groups S, M, L and XL was 76.0;75.3; 78.7 and 66.0%, respectively, and for fertilized it was 82.0; 81.3; 82.5 and71.7%, respectively, with no significant difference (p>0.05). The weight of eggs didnot significantly affected the difference in embryo mortality values, although in theXL egg group a higher value of total, early and late mortality was found, comparedto other groups. The results of this study indicate lower hatchability and highermortality of embryos in eggs of extremely large weight, compared to other groups,which indicates that special attention should be given to the selection of hatchingeggs in terms of their weight.
Review of data on hoof growth in normal and laminitic equines suggests a new etiology for acute laminitis
Authors: Ryan Thomas P
Published: June 2018

Background. To gain a greater insight into normal and laminitic hoof growth and to be able to make comparisons between the two groups.

Methods. Ten normal and three laminitic equines completed the survey, each hoof was marked with a horizontal file mark in three places, the dorsal wall and each medial and lateral quarter at about 1cm below the coronary band. Measurement of the progression of the file mark was made every 28 days, a total of 1,872 measurements were made.

Results. Equine hoof growth rates showed seasonal variation with greater rates of growth during the summer months and slower rates during the winter. In normal horses growth was slower at the quarters compared to the dorsal region but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).

During the summer months laminitic hoof growth at the quarters was significantly faster than at the laminitic dorsal region (p< 0.05). The rate of accelerated growth at the laminitic quarters reduced during the winter months and was not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Discussion. The results of this measurement survey highlighted that laminitic hoof growth is remarkably different at the quarters. This raises the question of when the transition from normal to laminitic hoof growth takes place. Traditionally changes in hoof shape during laminitis have been assumed to be a consequence of the acute phase but this has never been confirmed. The possibility exists that abnormal hoof growth could commence early in the developmental phase, the implications of abnormal hoof growth commencing at this stage are profound. A new etiology for equine laminitis then becomes possible, based on accelerated hoof growth at the quarters inducing the hoof capsule to change in shape; this process would have the capacity to subject the underlying dorsal dermal laminae to forces of extension which would be capable of destroying the laminal interface.
Efficient dispersal and substrate acquisition traits in a marine invasive species via transient chimerism and colony mobility
Authors: Fidler Andrew E. , Bacq-Labreuil Aurelie , Rachmilovitz Elad , Rinkevich Baruch
Published: June 2018

Over the past three decades the colonial ascidian Didemnum vexillum has been expanding its global range, significantly impacting marine habitats and aquaculture facilities. What biological features make D. vexillum so highly invasive? Here, we show that juxtaposed allogeneic D. vexillum colony fragments (‘ramets’) may, initially, form chimeric entities. Subsequently, zooids of the differing genotypes within such chimeras coordinately retreat away from fusion zones. A few days following such post-fusion retreat movements there is further ramet fission and the formation of zooid-depauperate tunic zones. Using polymorphic microsatellite loci to distinguish between genotypes, we found that they were sectorial at the fusion zones and the subsequent ramet movements resulted in further spatial separation of the paired-genotypes indicating that the fusion events observed did not lead to formation of long-term, stable chimeras. Thus, movements of D. vexillum colony ramets from initial fusion zones lead to progressive segregation of genotypes probably minimizing potential somatic/germ-cell competition/parasitism. We speculate that relatively fast (≤10 mm/day) movement of D. vexillum colonies on substrates along with frequent, and perhaps unrestrained, transient allogeneic fusions play significant roles in this species’ striking invasiveness and capacity to colonize new substrates.
Evaluating the utility of the female-specific mitochondrialf-orfgene for population genetic, phylogeographic and systematic studies in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida)
Authors: Robicheau Brent M. , Chase Emily E. , Hoeh Walter R. , Harris John L. , Stewart Donald T. , Breton Sophie
Published: June 2018

Freshwater mussels (order: Unionida) represent one of the most critically imperilled groups of animals; consequently, there exists a need to establish a variety of molecular markers for population genetics and systematic studies in this group. Recently, two novel mitochondrial protein-coding genes were described in unionoids with doubly uniparental inheritance of mtDNA. These genes are thef-orfin female-transmitted mtDNA and them-orfin male-transmitted mtDNA. In this study, whole F-type mitochondrial genome sequences of two morphologically similarLampsilisspp. were compared to identify the most divergent protein-coding regions, including thef-orfgene, and evaluate its utility for population genetic and phylogeographic studies in the subfamily Ambleminae. We also tested whether thef-orfgene is phylogenetically informative at the species level. Our preliminary results indicated that thef-orfgene could represent a viable molecular marker for population- and species-level studies in freshwater mussels.
Comparison of 3D and 2D gamma passing rate criteria for detection sensitivity to IMRT delivery errors
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Wang Bin , Zhang Guangshun , Ma Charlie , Deng Xiaowu
Published: June 2018

This study compared three‐dimensional (3D) and two‐dimensional (2D) percentage gamma passing rates (%GPs) for detection sensitivity to IMRT delivery errors and investigated the correlation between two kinds of %GP. Eleven prostate IMRT cases were selected, and errors in multileaf collimator (MLC) bank sag, MLC leaf traveling, and machine output were simulated by recalculating the dose distributions in patients. 2D doses were extracted from the 3D doses at the isocenter position. The 3D and 2D %GPs with different gamma criteria were then obtained by comparing the recalculated and original doses in specific regions of interest (ROI), such as the whole body, the planning target volume (PTV), the bladder, and the rectum. The sensitivities to simulated errors of the two types of %GP were compared, and the correlation between the 2D and 3D %GPs for different ROIs were analyzed. For the whole‐body evaluation, both the 2D and 3D %GPs with the 3%/3 mm criterion were above 90% for all tested MLC errors and for MU deviations up to 4%, and the 3D %GP was higher than the 2D %GP. In organ‐specific evaluations, the PTV‐specific 2D and 3D %GP gradients were −4.70% and −5.14% per millimeter of the MLC traveling error, and −17.79% and −20.50% per percentage of MU error, respectively. However, a stricter criterion (2%/1 mm) was needed to detect the tested MLC sag error. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant strong correlation (r > 0.8 and P < 0.001) between the 2D and 3D %GPs in the whole body and PTV‐specific gamma evaluations. The whole‐body %GP with the 3%/3 mm criterion was inadequate to detect the tested MLC and MU errors, and a stricter criterion may be needed. The PTV‐specific gamma evaluation helped to improve the sensitivity of the error detection, especially using the 3D GP%.
Influence of Bulky Organo‐Ammonium Halide Additive Choice on the Flexibility and Efficiency of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Zhao Lianfeng , Rolston Nicholas , Lee Kyung Min , Zhao Xunhua , Reyes‐Martinez Marcos A. , Tran Nhu L. , Yeh Yao‐Wen , Yao Nan , Scholes Gregory D. , Loo Yueh‐Lin , Selloni Annabella , Dauskardt Reinhold H. , Rand Barry P.
Published: June 2018

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) require small grain sizes to spatially confine charge carriers for efficient radiative recombination. As grain size decreases, passivation of surface defects becomes increasingly important. Additionally, polycrystalline perovskite films are highly brittle and mechanically fragile, limiting their practical applications in flexible electronics. In this work, the introduction of properly chosen bulky organo‐ammonium halide additives is shown to be able to improve both optoelectronic and mechanical properties of perovskites, yielding highly efficient, robust, and flexible perovskite LEDs with external quantum efficiency of up to 13% and no degradation after bending for 10 000 cycles at a radius of 2 mm. Furthermore, insight of the improvements regarding molecular structure, size, and polarity at the atomic level is obtained with first‐principles calculations, and design principles are provided to overcome trade‐offs between optoelectronic and mechanical properties, thus increasing the scope for future highly efficient, robust, and flexible perovskite electronic device development.
Microfluidic Lateral Flow Cytochrome P450 Assay on a Novel Printed Functionalized Calcium Carbonate‐Based Platform for Rapid Screening of Human Xenobiotic Metabolism
Authors: Jutila Eveliina , Koivunen Risto , Kiiski Iiro , Bollström Roger , Sikanen Tiina , Gane Patrick
Published: June 2018

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a superfamily of enzymes in charge of elimination of the majority of clinically used drugs and other xenobiotics. This study focuses on the development of a rapid microfluidic lateral flow assay to study human phase I metabolism reactions mediated by CYP2A6 isoenzyme, the major detoxification route for many known carcinogens and drugs, with coumarin 7‐hydroxylation, as the prototype model reaction. Assay fabrication utilizes custom‐designed porous functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC) coatings and inkjet‐printed fluid barriers. All materials used are novel and carefully chosen to preserve biocompatibility. The design comprises separate zones for reaction, separation and detection, and an absorbent pad to keep the assay wet for extended periods (up to 10 min) even when heated to physiological temperature. The concept enables CYP assays to be made at lower cost than conventional well‐plate assays, while providing increased selectivity at equally high speed, owing to the possibility for simultaneous chromatographic separation of the reaction products from the reactants on the FCC coating. The developed concept provides a viable rapid prediction of the interaction risks related to metabolic clearance of drugs and other xenobiotics, and exemplifies a novel coating technology illustrating the opportunity to broaden application functionality.
Solution Processed Metal Oxide High‐κ Dielectrics for Emerging Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Sun Huabin , Xu Yong , Noh Yong‐Young
Published: June 2018

The electronic functionalities of metal oxides comprise conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Metal oxides have attracted great interest for construction of large‐area electronics, particularly thin‐film transistors (TFTs), for their high optical transparency, excellent chemical and thermal stability, and mechanical tolerance. High‐permittivity (κ) oxide dielectrics are a key component for achieving low‐voltage and high‐performance TFTs. With the expanding integration of complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistors, the replacement of SiO2 with high‐κ oxide dielectrics has become urgently required, because their provided thicker layers suppress quantum mechanical tunneling. Toward low‐cost devices, tremendous efforts have been devoted to vacuum‐free, solution processable fabrication, such as spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and printing techniques. This review focuses on recent progress in solution processed high‐κ oxide dielectrics and their applications to emerging TFTs. First, the history, basics, theories, and leakage current mechanisms of high‐κ oxide dielectrics are presented, and the underlying mechanism for mobility enhancement over conventional SiO2 is outlined. Recent achievements of solution‐processed high‐κ oxide materials and their applications in TFTs are summarized and traditional coating methods and emerging printing techniques are introduced. Finally, low temperature approaches, e.g., ecofriendly water‐induced, self‐combustion reaction, and energy‐assisted post treatments, for the realization of flexible electronics and circuits are discussed.
Multiresponsive Graphene‐Aerogel‐Directed Phase‐Change Smart Fibers
Authors: Li Guangyong , Hong Guo , Dong Dapeng , Song Wenhui , Zhang Xuetong
Published: June 2018

Wearable devices and systems demand multifunctional units with intelligent and integrative functions. Smart fibers with response to external stimuli, such as electrical, thermal, and photonic signals, etc., as well as offering energy storage/conversion are essential units for wearable electronics, but still remain great challenges. Herein, flexible, strong, and self‐cleaning graphene‐aerogel composite fibers, with tunable functions of thermal conversion and storage under multistimuli, are fabricated. The fibers made from porous graphene aerogel/organic phase‐change materials coated with hydrophobic fluorocarbon resin render a wide range of phase transition temperature and enthalpy (0–186 J g−1). The strong and compliant fibers are twisted into yarn and woven into fabrics, showing a self‐clean superhydrophobic surface and excellent multiple responsive properties to external stimuli (electron/photon/thermal) together with reversible energy storage and conversion. Such aerogel‐directed smart fibers promise for broad applications in the next‐generation of wearable systems.
Very poor long‐term survival in past and more recent studies for relapsed AML patients: The ECOG‐ACRIN experience
Authors: Ganzel Chezi , Sun Zhuoxin , Cripe Larry D. , Fernandez Hugo F. , Douer Dan , Rowe Jacob M. , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Ketterling Rhett , O'Connell Michael J. , Wiernik Peter H. , Bennett John M. , Litzow Mark R. , Luger Selina M. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Tallman Martin S.
Published: June 2018

This study examines the long‐term OS of relapsed AML patients who were enrolled to 9 successive ECOG‐ACRIN trials for newly diagnosed AML, during 1984‐2008. The objectives were to examine whether there is a trend of improvement in the survival of relapsed AML patients in the more recent studies and to search for prognostic factors that are associated with long‐term OS after relapse. A total of 3012 patients were enrolled, 1779 (59.1%) achieved CR1 and of these, 58.9% relapsed. The median follow‐up was 9.7 years. The median OS from relapse was 0.5 years and the 5‐year OS was 10 (±1)%. These results were similar even for the most recent studies. A multivariate model showed that age, cytogenetics at diagnosis, duration of CR1 and undergoing allogeneic transplantation were significantly associated with OS from relapse. Even among patients who relapsed with better prognostic factors; age < 40 and CR1 > 12 months, there was no significant OS difference between the studies. In conclusion, this large cohort appears to confirm that the survival of AML patients postrelapse continues to be dismal and has not improved during the past quarter of a century.
Bestmann–Ohira Reagent: A Convenient and Promising Reagent in the Chemical World
Authors: Dhameja Manoj , Pandey Jyoti
Published: June 2018

The Bestmann–Ohira reagent is a unique and versatile reagent in organic synthesis. It is a well‐known homologating agent for the conversion of aldehydes into the corresponding terminal alkynes. Recently, it has also been used as a potent cycloaddition partner in 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The Bestmann–Ohira reagent can be readily accessed from commercially available sources. It has found tremendous application in the regioselective synthesis of a variety of organic synthons, including alkynes, triazoles, triazolines, pyrazoles, oxazoles, thiazoles, isoquinoline N‐oxides, indazoles, pyrroles, and enol ethers in good‐to‐very‐good yields.
Aniline‐nonamer segmented polyurea: A facile electrocatalyst for detection of ascorbic acid
Authors: Arukula Ravi , Thota Apparao , Boga Karteek , Narayan Ramanuj , Sreedhar B. , Rao Chepuri R. K.
Published: June 2018

An unprecedented A‐B‐A type block copolymer electroactive polyurea (EPU) is designed and synthesized with tetraaniline dimer and 1,4‐phenylenediamine via an oxidative coupling, where aniline–nonamer and hexamethylene di‐urea constitute two segments. The EPU was characterized by spectral techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV–vis spectra. The structural characterization of the prepared EPU was obtained by powder X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. EPU reorganizes into core–shell microcapsules in presence of aqueous acetic acid/n‐octane interface. These microcapsules exhibited a wide range of pH responses in their absorption spectrum (UV–vis). The EPU is modified as carbon paste electrode which exhibits a remarkable electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA, Vitamin C) in 0.2 M and pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. The carbon paste electrode is useful in sensing as low as 50 µM of ascorbic acid. This can open up new opportunities for fast, simple detection of AA providing a promising platform for sensor/biosensor designs for AA detection. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46630.
Targeting MCT4 to reduce lactic acid secretion and glycolysis for treatment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Choi Stephen Yiu Chuen , Ettinger Susan L. , Lin Dong , Xue Hui , Ci Xinpei , Nabavi Noushin , Bell Robert H. , Mo Fan , Gout Peter W. , Fleshner Neil E. , Gleave Martin E. , Collins Colin C. , Wang Yuzhuo
Published: June 2018

Development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is emerging as a major problem in clinical management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). As increasingly potent androgen receptor (AR)‐targeting antiandrogens are more widely used, PCa transdifferentiation into AR‐independent NEPC as a mechanism of treatment resistance becomes more common and precarious, since NEPC is a lethal PCa subtype urgently requiring effective therapy. Reprogrammed glucose metabolism of cancers, that is elevated aerobic glycolysis involving increased lactic acid production/secretion, plays a key role in multiple cancer‐promoting processes and has been implicated in therapeutics development. Here, we examined NEPC glucose metabolism using our unique panel of patient‐derived xenograft PCa models and patient tumors. By calculating metabolic pathway scores using gene expression data, we found that elevated glycolysis coupled to increased lactic acid production/secretion is an important metabolic feature of NEPC. Specific inhibition of expression of MCT4 (a plasma membrane lactic acid transporter) by antisense oligonucleotides led to reduced lactic acid secretion as well as reduced glucose metabolism and NEPC cell proliferation. Taken together, our results indicate that elevated glycolysis coupled to excessive MCT4‐mediated lactic acid secretion is clinically relevant and functionally important to NEPC. Inhibition of MCT4 expression appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy for NEPC.
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with exemestane followed by response‐guided combination therapy with low‐dose cyclophosphamide in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer: A multicenter, open‐label, phase II study
Authors: Sato Nobuaki , Masuda Norikazu , Morimoto Takashi , Ueno Takayuki , Kanbayashi Chizuko , Kaneko Koji , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Saji Shigehira , Sasano Hironobu , Morita Satoshi , Ohno Shinji , Toi Masakazu
Published: June 2018

Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer are less likely to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy may be more appropriate than neoadjuvant chemotherapy in these hormone‐sensitive patients. Most patients with ER‐positive breast cancer are postmenopausal, and therefore, generally older and less able to tolerate chemotherapy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of tailored neoadjuvant endocrine and chemoendocrine therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Untreated patients with primary invasive ER‐positive, HER2‐negative, stage I‐IIIA breast cancer, and Ki67 index ≤30% were enrolled. Patients received exemestane 25 mg/d for 12 weeks. Based on clinical response and change in Ki67 index, assessed at 8‐12 weeks, patients with complete response (CR), partial response (PR) with Ki67 index ≤5% after treatment, or stable disease (SD) with Ki67 index ≤5% before and after treatment were defined as responders. For the subsequent 24 weeks, responders continued exemestane monotherapy (group A), and nonresponders received exemestane 25 mg/d plus cyclophosphamide 50 mg/d (group B). The primary endpoint was clinical response at weeks 24 and 36. A total of 59 patients (median age, 69 years) started initial exemestane monotherapy. After exclusion of three patients who discontinued during this period, 56 remained enrolled to receive subsequent treatment. Clinical response rates (CR and PR) and 95% CI at weeks 24 and 36 were 85% (12/14; 57.2%‐98.2%) and 71% (10/14; 41.9%‐91.6%), respectively, in group A; and 54% (23/42; 38.7%‐70.2%) and 71% (30/42; 55.4%‐84.3%), respectively, in group B. At week 36, no significant difference was found in median Ki67 index between the groups (3.5% and 4.0%). There were no treatment‐related deaths. We found that clinical response comparable to that of responders was achieved in nonresponders after addition of cyclophosphamide to the initial endocrine therapy.
En Route to Bis‐Carbene Analogues of the Heavier Group 13 Elements: Consideration of Bridging Group and Metal(I) Source
Authors: Desat Marcella E. , Kretschmer Robert
Published: June 2018

With the aim of exploring the effect of steric constraints imposed on the metal–metal interaction of bis‐carbene analogues of thallium by the linking scaffold, seven dinuclear thallium diyls with a series of rigid, semirigid, and flexible bridging scaffolds were synthesized. The solid‐state molecular structures were determined for four of these compounds by single‐crystal XRD and compared with the results of DFT calculations, which were performed for all substances. These compounds serve as models to investigate the metal–metal distance in the absence of co‐coordinated molecules (additional ligands, solvent molecules). In addition, the effect of the metal(I) precursor, and more specifically the counterion, on the synthetic access to bis‐carbene analogues of indium and thallium was investigated. For indium, only InI yields the desired dinuclear indium diyl. With InBr no reaction was observed, and using InCl gave rise to a mononuclear indium(III) compound. For thallium, both TlI and TlBr allow access to the related bis‐carbene analogue, although the yield with the latter is significantly lower. In contrast, no reactions were observed with TlCl and TlBF4.
Photoinduced in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with Rapid CO Release from an MnCO‐Protein Needle Composite
Authors: Hyodo Fuminori , Sho Takeya , Maity Basudev , Fujita Kenta , Tachibana Yoko , Akashi Satoko , Mano Megumi , Hishikawa Yuki , Matsuo Masayuki , Ueno Takafumi
Published: June 2018

Construction of an artificial protein needle (PN), which includes the membrane puncturing needle domain of bacteriophage T4 conjugated to Mn carbonyl (MnCO) complexes, is reported. The responsiveness to visible light of the MnCO complex makes it useful as a photoinduced in vivo magnetic resonance imaging contrast reagent (MRI CR), because the PN carrier has the potential to deliver the MnCO complex into mouse tumors with retention of coordination structure within the in vivo environment. Moreover, the composite has higher relaxivity and longer circulation as an MRI CR than the corresponding MnCO complex. These results demonstrate construction of a responsive in vivo MRI CR by using an artificial metalloprotein.
Quality of life as a prognostic indicator of survival: A pooled analysis of individual patient data from canadian cancer trials group clinical trials
Authors: Ediebah Divine E. , Quinten Chantal , Coens Corneel , Ringash Jolie , Dancey Janet , Zikos Efstathios , Gotay Carolyn , Brundage Michael , Tu Dongsheng , Flechtner Hans‐Henning , Greimel Eva , Reeve Bryce B. , Taphoorn Martin , Reijneveld Jaap , Dirven Linda , Bottomley Andrew ,   for the Canadian Cancer Trials Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

The aims of this study were to externally validate an established association between baseline health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) scores and survival and to assess the added prognostic value of HRQOL with respect to demographic and clinical indicators.

METHODS

Pooled data were analyzed from 17 randomized controlled trials opened by the Canadian Cancer Trials Group between 1991 and 2004; they included survival and baseline HRQOL data from 3606 patients with 8 different cancer sites. The models included sex, age (≤60 vs >60 years), World Health Organization performance status (0 or 1 vs 2‐4), distant metastases (no vs yes), and 15 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire (QLQ‐C30) scales. Analyses were conducted with multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and were stratified by cancer site. Harrell's discrimination C‐index was used to calculate the predictive accuracy of the model when HRQOL parameters were added to clinical and demographic variables. The added value of adding HRQOL scales to clinical and demographic variables was illustrated with Kaplan‐Meier curves.

RESULTS

In the stratified, multivariate model, HRQOL parameters—global health status (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95‐1.00;P < . 0001), dyspnea (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.06;P < . 0002), and appetite loss (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.08;P < . 0001)—were independent prognostic factors in addition to the demographic and clinical variables (allPvalues < .05). Adding these HRQOL variables to the clinical variables resulted in an added relative prognostic value for survival of 5%.

CONCLUSIONS

These results confirm previous findings showing that baseline HRQOL scores on the EORTC QLQ‐C30 provide prognostic information in addition to information from clinical measures. However, the impact of specific domains may differ across studies.Cancer2018.©2018 American Cancer Society.
Variation in prostate cancer treatment and spending among Medicare shared savings program accountable care organizations
Authors: Modi Parth K. , Kaufman Samuel R. , Borza Tudor , Yan Phyllis , Miller David C. , Skolarus Ted A. , Hollingsworth John M. , Norton Edward C. , Shahinian Vahakn B. , Hollenbeck Brent K.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Accountable care organizations (ACOs) have been shown to reduce prostate cancer treatment among men unlikely to benefit because of competing risks (ie, potential overtreatment). This study assessed whether the level of engagement in ACOs by urologists affected rates of treatment, overtreatment, and spending.

METHODS

A 20% sample of national Medicare data was used to identify men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2012 and 2014. The extent of urologist engagement in an ACO, as measured by the proportion of patients in an ACO managed by an ACO‐participating urologist, served as the exposure. The use of treatment, potential overtreatment (ie, treatment in men with a ≥75% risk of 10‐year noncancer mortality), and average payments in the year after diagnosis for each ACO were modeled.

RESULTS

Among 2822 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, the median rates of treatment and potential overtreatment by an ACO were 71.3% (range, 23.6%‐79.5%) and 53.6% (range, 12.4%‐76.9%), respectively. Average Medicare payments among ACOs in the year after diagnosis ranged from $16,523.52 to $34,766.33. Stronger urologist‐ACO engagement was not associated with treatment (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.6‐1.2; P = .4) or spending (9.7% decrease in spending; P = .08). However, urologist engagement was associated with a lower likelihood of potential overtreatment (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.1‐0.86; P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS

ACOs vary widely in treatment, potential overtreatment, and spending for prostate cancer. ACOs with stronger urologist engagement are less likely to treat men with a high risk of noncancer mortality, and this suggests that organizations that better engage specialists may be able to improve the value of specialty care. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
The classification of pediatric and young adult renal cell carcinomas registered on the children's oncology group (COG) protocol AREN03B2 after focused genetic testing
Authors: Cajaiba Mariana M. , Dyer Lisa M. , Geller James I. , Jennings Lawrence J. , George David , Kirschmann Dawn , Rohan Stephen M. , Cost Nicholas G. , Khanna Geetika , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Perlman Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are rare in young patients. Knowledge of their pathologic and molecular spectrum remains limited, and no prospective studies have been performed to date in this population. This study analyzes patients diagnosed with RCC who were prospectively enrolled in the AREN03B2 Children's Oncology Group (COG). The objective was to classify these tumors with the aid of focused genetic testing and to characterize their features.

METHODS

All tumors registered as RCC by central review were retrospectively re‐reviewed and underwent additional ancillary studies. Tumors were classified according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification system when possible.

RESULTS

In total, 212 tumors were identified, and these were classified as microphthalmia transcription factor (MiT) translocation RCC (MiT‐RCC) (41.5%), papillary RCC (16.5%), renal medullary carcinoma (12.3%), chromophobe RCC (6.6%), clear cell RCC (3.3%), fumarate hydratase‐deficient RCC (1.4%), and succinate dehydrogenase‐deficient RCC (0.5%). Other subtypes included tuberous sclerosis‐associated RCC (4.2%), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged RCC (3.8%), thyroid‐like RCC (1.4%), myoepithelial carcinoma (0.9%), and unclassified (7.5%). MiT‐RCCs were classified as either transcription factor E3 (TFE3) (93.2%) or EB (TFEB) (6.8%) translocations, and characterization of fusion partners was possible in most tumors.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study delineates the frequency of distinct RCC subtypes in a large prospective series of young patients and contributes knowledge to the diagnostic, clinical, and genetic features of MiT‐RCC, the most common subtype among this age group. The identification of rare subtypes expands the spectrum of RCC in young patients, supporting the need for a thorough diagnostic workup. These studies may aid in the introduction of specific therapies for different RCC subtypes in the future. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in respiratory disease
Authors: Chen Alice C‐H , Burr Lucy , McGuckin Michael A
Published: June 2018

Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are related states that can occur in cells as part of normal physiology but occur frequently in diseases involving inflammation. In this article, we review recent findings relating to the role of oxidative and ER stress in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic nonmalignant diseases of the lung, including infections, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. We also explore the potential of drugs targeting oxidative and ER stress pathways to alleviate disease.
Gut microflora may facilitate adaptation to anthropic habitat: A comparative study in Rattus
Authors: Varudkar Amruta , Ramakrishnan Uma
Published: June 2018

Anthropophilic species (“commensal” species) that are completely dependent upon anthropic habitats experience different selective pressures particularly in terms of food than their noncommensal counterparts. Using a next‐generation sequencing approach, we characterized and compared the gut microflora community of 53 commensal Rattus rattus and 59 noncommensal Rattus satarae captured in 10 locations in the Western Ghats, India. We observed that, while species identity was important in characterizing the microflora communities of the two Rattus hosts, environmental factors also had a significant effect. While there was significant geographic variation in the microflora of the noncommensal R. satarae, there was no effect of geographic distance on gut microflora of the commensal R. rattus. Interestingly, host genetic distance did not significantly influence the community in either Rattus hosts. Collectively, these results indicate that a shift in habitat is likely to result in a change in the gut microflora community and imply that the gut microflora is a complex trait, influenced by various parameters in different habitats.
Cost‐benefit analysis of acoustic recorders as a solution to sampling challenges experienced monitoring cryptic species
Authors: Williams Emma M. , O'Donnell Colin F. J. , Armstrong Doug P.
Published: June 2018

The inferences that can be made from any study are limited by the quality of the sampling design. By bad luck, when monitoring species that are difficult to detect (cryptic), sampling designs become dictated by what is feasible rather than what is desired. We calibrated and conducted a cost‐benefit analysis of four acoustic recorder options that were being considered as potential solutions to several sampling restrictions experienced while monitoring the Australasian bittern, a cryptic wetland bird. Such sampling restrictions are commonly experienced while monitoring many different endangered species, particularly those that are cryptic. The recorder options included mono and stereo devices, with two sound file processing options (visual and audible analysis). Recording devices provided call‐count data similar to those collected by field observers but at a fraction of the cost, which meant that “idealistic” sampling regimes, previously thought to be too expensive, became feasible for bitterns. Our study is one of the few to assess the monetary value of recording devices in the context of data quality, allowing trade‐offs (and potential solutions) commonly experienced while monitoring cryptic endangered species to be shown and compared more clearly. The ability to overcome challenges of monitoring cryptic species in this way increases research possibilities for data deficient species and is applicable to any species with similar monitoring challenges.
Developing Cyclic Peptide Heteroatom Interchange: Synthesis and DFT Modelling of a HI‐Ascidiacyclamide Isomer
Authors: Xie Sida , Savchenko Andrei I. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Grange Rebecca L. , Gahan Lawrence R. , Williams Craig M.
Published: June 2018

Cyclic peptides isolated from tunicates have captured wide scientific attention from both a drug discovery and ecological perspective. For these reasons cyclic peptides have witnessed considerable synthetic attention, especially those containing azoles. Further pursued herein is the application of the heteroatom interchange (HI) concept to cyclic peptides, in particular ascidiacyclamide. In the HI‐ascidiacyclamide case, the nitrogen and sulfur atoms of both thiazole rings have been transposed through the incorporation of thiazole‐5‐carboxamide units rather than the native thiazole‐4‐carboxamides. Presented herein are the synthesis of an HI‐ascidiacyclamide isomer, a molecular‐mechanics study of its three‐dimensional structure, and a mass spectrometric and density functional theory study of its copper‐binding properties.
CuI‐Catalysed Enantioselective Alkyl 1,4‐Additions to (E)‐Nitroalkenes and Cyclic Enones with Phosphino‐Oxazoline Ligands
Authors: Shin Minkyeong , Gu Minji , Lim Sung Soo , Kim Min‐Jae , Lee JuHyung , Jin HyeongGyu , Jang Yun Hee , Jung Byunghyuck
Published: June 2018

Catalytic enantioselective conjugate additions of simple alkyl groups to nitroalkenes or cyclic enones that result in the formation of tertiary C–C bonds are described. For these stereoselective addition reactions, new chiral phosphino‐oxazoline ligands were synthesized and used. The reactions were promoted by a Cu‐based catalyst (2 mol‐%), and gave the chiral products in up to 92 % yield with 95 %ee. A larger‐scale synthesis was demonstrated, and the origin of the stereoselectivity was proposed based on DFT calculations.
Promising Molecules for Optoelectronic Applications: Synthesis of 5,10‐Dihydrobenzo[a]indolo[2,3‐c]carbazoles by Scholl Reaction of 1,2‐Bis(indol‐2‐yl)benzenes
Authors: Daniels Mathias , de Jong Flip , Kennes Koen , Martín Cristina , Hofkens Johan , Van der Auweraer Mark , Dehaen Wim
Published: June 2018

Only a few straightforward procedures for the preparation of indolo[2,3‐c]carbazoles are known, despite promising features for material applications. Herein we present a convenient synthesis of 5,10‐dihydrobenzo[a]indolo[2,3‐c]carbazoles using an oxidative cyclization of 1,2‐bis(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)benzenes prepared from readily accessible starting materials. Functionalization through electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions and palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions were investigated, which lead to the isolation of new functionalized 5,10‐dihydrobenzo[a]indolo[2,3‐c]carbazoles, whose steady state electronic spectroscopy has been examined.
A comparison of the nutritional content of processed foods available on the French market, according to the type of brand, and potential impact on nutrient intakes—An Oqali study
Authors: Perrin Cécile , Battisti Charlène , Chambefort Amélie , Digaud Olivier , Duplessis Barbara , Volatier Jean‐Luc , Gauvreau‐Béziat Julie , Ménard Céline
Published: June 2018

The French Observatory of Food Quality (Oqali) aims to collect all nutrition data provided on processed food labels, at the level of brand products, in order to monitor reformulation and nutrition labeling changes over time. This work aimed to make a cross‐sectional comparison of the nutrition content of processed foods on the French market, according to their type of brand (national brands, retailer brands, entry‐level retailer brands, hard discount, and specialized retailer brands), and to study the potential impact of the differences observed on simulated nutrient intakes. A total of 16,453 branded processed foodstuffs were considered, collected between 2008 and 2011 and divided into 24 food sectors. Labeled nutrition values were compared between types of brands by family of products. Nutrition values were matched with consumption data from the French Individual and National Study on Food Consumption (INCA2) (Afssa, 2006–2007) to determine whether the nutrition differences underlined were magnified or diminished when crossing them with consumption data. Only isolated differences in nutrient contents between types of brands could be highlighted. In the case of a theoretical and exclusive consumption of processed foodstuffs from one specific type of brand, protein intakes from first‐price products (entry‐level retailer brands and hard discount) appeared to be significantly lower than the ones from national or retailer brand products. The absence of systematic differences in the nutrition contents of processed foods from various types of brands is an encouraging result when considering social inequalities and nutrition. As protein intakes in France are currently above recommended levels (Afssa, 2007), consumption of first‐price foodstuffs does not imply any risk of deficiency for French consumers.
Ten Rules For Safe Handling Of Chlorine
Authors: Fleming Paul
Published: June 2018

After a leak occurred in a chlorine storage and resulted in injury to an operator, the South County Water System in Michigan established ten rules for chlorine safety to be followed by all personnel. The guidelines are given here.
Proper Treatment, Maintenance Aids Filtration Process
Authors: Curry Michael D.
Published: June 2018

Clogged filters can become a problem in any water utility. Proper maintenance of filters will help eliminate such problems. Algae in the water is a particular concern since it is very difficult to remove from the filters. If possible, algae should be prevented from entering a plant by addition of copper sulfate to the water supply or by potassium permanganate addition. Air should also be prevented from entering the filters as this is detrimental to filtration and backwash.
Testing Hydrant Flows in a Small Watermain Network
Authors: Lockwood D.N.
Published: June 2018

In December 1973 the author arranged a fire hydrant testing program to determine the deficiencies of a water distribution system serving a city of 25,000. The purpose of the program was to determine the necessity of a trunk main system and to determine which areas needed the greatest improvement. The hydrant testing procedure is discussed and several graphs illustrate the process.