bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P03-103 - Importance of the Long-Acting Inyectable Neuroleptics in the Evolutive Course of Schizophrenia: Clinical and Neurocognitive Assessment
Authors: Pérez-García M. , Páramo-Fernandez M. , Mozos-Ansorena A. , Brenlla-Gonzalez J. , Portela-Traba B.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

In spite that the patients with long-acting neuropletics(LAN)can drop out and have relapses,its use allows a more long-lasting time and more stable plasmatic concentrations that supply clinical and neurocognitive advantages.

Objective

To analyze the symptomatology and neurocognitive differences(P300)among the patients that relapse after withdrawing from the previous treatment with oral antipsychotic as regards those treated with LAN.

Material and methods

34 schizophrenic patients with a history of at least one admission in a acute adult psychiatric ward.All the patients have been assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and with potential auditory evocations(wave P300).

Results

Clinical profile: 73.5% suffers from paranoid schizophrenia.Only 32.4% shows antipsychotic monotherapy;the 61.8% have been prescribed with long-acting Risperidone.

PANSS: The patients who had at least two admissions and who in the previous admission received long-acting Risperidone,showed a PANSS-N punctuation lower than the rest of the patients(21.64±4.6 vs. 25.4±3.2)at the end of the last admission(p=0.037).The same takes place with PANSS-PG at the end of the last admission(30.71 ± 3.8 vs. 3.61 ± 5.89(p=0.012).

P300: The latency measures of P300 are lower in those patients who in the previous admission received a long-acting Risperidone treatment(average of 314±34.65msec vs. 344.67±24.67msec),being the differences statistically relevant(p=0.012).The ranges are higher in the patients treated with long-acting Risperidone in the previous admission(average 5.3 ± 2.44vs.5±2.64 μV),though the differences are not statistically relevant.

Conclusions

At the end of the last admission,the patients who in the previous admission received long-acting Risperidone,showed a PANSS-N,a PANSS-PG and a latency of P300 lower than the rest of the patients but the range of P300 was higher.
P03-104 - Linguistic Production and Comprehension Deficits in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Perlini C. , Marini A. , Fabbro F. , Garzitto M. , Cerruti S. , Marinelli V. , Rambaldelli G. , Ferro A. , Tomelleri L. , Bellani M. , Tansella M. , Brambilla P.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Although language deficits have often been reported in schizophrenia, the specific relevance of single linguistic levels of processing is still under debate. Moreover, little is known about language disturbances in bipolar disorder.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to:

1)

investigate micro-linguistic (lexicon, morphology, syntax) and macro-linguistic (discourse coherence, pragmatics) dimensions of speech production and

2)

evaluate syntactic comprehension skills in both schizophrenia and, for the first time, bipolar disorder.

Methods

A story telling task and a computer-based test of syntactic comprehension were administered to 30 Italian speaking DSM-IV patients suffering from schizophrenia, 30 participants with bipolar disorder and 30 healthy controls, comparable for age and educational level (p>0.05). Analysis of variance with post-hoc correction was performed to compare linguistic performance between groups.

Results

In comparison to healthy participants, patients with schizophrenia had significantly impaired productivity, syntactic complexity and local/global discourse coherence and bipolar disorder subjects showed deficits in mean length of utterance (p< 0.05). Also, both groups of patients collected more grammatical errors than controls (p< 0.05), but they differed in regard to the grammatical type of construction they missed (passive-affirmative and active-negative, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results showed the presence of both micro and macro-linguistic deficits in linguistic production in schizophrenia, but not in bipolar disorder, suggesting that these abnormalities are specific for schizophrenia. On the contrary, syntactic construction comprehension was altered in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, potentially representing the target of innovative rehabilitation strategies.
P03-107 - Clinical Remission, Cognitive Functions and Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia
Authors: Piegari G. , Bucci P. , Ardizio E. , De Simone S. , De Riso F. , Mucci A. , Galderisi S.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

An impairment of several cognitive domains has been largely documented in patients with schizophrenia. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between cognitive functioning, symptomatic remission and functional outcome in schizophrenia.

Methods

The performance on the neuropsychological battery “Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS)” has been investigated in clinically remitted (R) and non-remitted (NR) schizophrenic patients. The associations of neuropsychological performance with psychopathological dimensions derived from PANSS and indices of social functioning (as assessed by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the Personal and Social Performance scale, the Quality of Life Scale, the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief Version and the Psychosocial Remission in Schizophrenia scale) were also explored by means of multiple regression (MR) analyses.

Results

Compared with NR, R patients showed a better performance on tests exploring executive functions, processing speed and verbal fluency. Residual negative symptoms and processing speed were independent predictors of functional outcome, while remission status did not enter the MR function.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that cognitive abilities, in particular processing speed and executive functions, are preserved in patients who are able to reach clinical remission. Independently from the remission state or residual negative symptomatology, processing speed also predicts functional outcome in schizophrenia. Our findings support the view that cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia should be targeted by specific treatment intervention, such as neurocognitive rehabilitation.
P03-120 - Assessment of a New Memory Training Instrument for Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Ojeda N. , Peña J. , Bengoetxea E. , Sánchez P.M. , Elizagárate E. , Segarra R. , Ezcurra J.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The goal of this study is to test the efficacy of the Memory Module of the REHACOP (Cognitive Training Program for Psychosis, Ojeda, Peña, 2006), in the improvement of cognition in patients with chronic schizophrenia (CS). Chronic patients present a moderate to severe cognitive performance on verbal memory and the severity of the illness and variables associated to the course of the diagnosis prevent them from improving cognition with traditional treatments.

Methods

57 patients with CS (illness duration, 10.17±7.22) were allocated randomly into either REHACOP (N=27) or control group (N=30). The REHACOP group received memory training with structured sessions 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Control group attended occupational therapy with the same frequency and timetables. Verbal Learning and Memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; HVLT) and Working Memory (Digits Backwards from WAIS-III) were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.

Results

Repeated measures of MANOVA showed that the interaction term groupXtime was significant for all the memory measures, suggesting REHACOP group improved significantly when compared to controls. Specifically, the interaction term F value was significant for HVLT learning (F=6.78, p < 0.01), HVLT Long-term memory (F=7.02, p < 0.01) and working memory (Digits Backward (F=10.04, p < 0.01), and Sum (F=11.39, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Patients with CS improved significantly in all memory impairments when compared to those receiving other treatment. This study supports the efficacy of the REHACOP in the intervention of memory impairments in patients with schizophrenia, in spite of the severity.
P03-123 - Validation of the Spanish Version of the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Scale (SWN) in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Sanjuan J. , Haro J.M. , Maurino J. , Diez T. , Ballesteros J.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SWN scale, an instrument which evaluates the subjective experience of psychotic patients towards neuroleptic treatment.

Methods

A validation study (feasibility, reliability, and validity) was conducted in 20 psychiatric centers. Patients were evaluated with the PANSS, the CGI severity scale and the SWN-20. A re-test was conducted one week after baseline. The study included clinically stabilized outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR criteria) who were on treatment as usual. The SWN used in this study consists of 20 questions answered on a 6-point Likert scale. The total score ranges from 20 to 120 points (higher scores indicating better well-being). The original version was back-translated and a focus group was conducted to improve the comprehension of the items.

Results

97 patients were included. Seventy-two percent of them (70) were male. Mean age was 35 years (SD = 10.0). Mean SWN total score: 83.5 (SD = 14.0). Internal homogeneity: 0.86. Test-retest in clinically stable patients was 0.89. SWN correlated significantly with the PANSS, but not with the DAI-10. Patients with none-mild clinical affectation had higher SWN scores, indicating a better subjective well-being, and vice versa.

Conclusions

The subjective experience of psychotic patients towards treatment is a key factor in therapeutic adherence, quality of life, and clinical outcome. The Spanish version of the SWN scale showed good psychometric properties in a sample of schizophrenic stabilized outpatients. SWN scale constitutes a valuable addition to evaluate patients’ subjective well-being.
P03-126 - Patient Functioning with Flexible Doses of Paliperidone ER - a 6-month Prospective Study
Authors: Schreiner A. , Hoeben D. , Lahaye M. , Tessier C. , Ivanov M. , Millet B. , Rembeck B. , Turczynski J. , Smeraldi E.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To explore changes in functioning with flexible doses of paliperidone ER in a large international study in patients with schizophrenia previously unsuccessfully treated with other oral antipsychotics.

Methods

Prospective 6-month open-label study. Functioning was assessed using the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), including four domains:

(1)

personal and social relationships,

(2)

socially useful activities including work and study,

(3)

self care and

(4)

disturbing and aggressive behavior.

Results

1812 patients were included (59.9% male, mean age 40.1±12.6 years, 75.8% paranoid schizophrenia); most were enrolled because of lack of efficacy (n=1026) or lack of tolerability (n=490) with prior antipsychotic treatment. The median mode dose of paliperidone ER was 6 mg/day. 70.7% of patients completed the study. Most frequent reasons for early discontinuation were patient choice (8.8%), lack of efficacy or adverse event (5.1% each). AEs reported in >= 5% of patients were insomnia (9.2%) and anxiety (7.2%). Mean total baseline PSP score was 57.7±14.5, which improved to 64.1±15.6 at endpoint (mean change +6.4±13.5; 95% confidence interval 5.8;7.0, p< 0.0001); 49.0% of patients improved by at least one 10-point category in PSP. At baseline, 84.3% of patients had moderate to severe functional impairment, mostly driven by at least marked difficulties in socially useful activities (46.4.%) and personal and social relationships (36.4%). These percentages decreased to 30.6% and 22.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

In this large prospective flexible-dose study, results from recent randomized controlled studies are supported that paliperidone ER is associated with a clinically meaningful improvement of functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
P03-131 - Nithsdale Schizophrenia Survey: Use of Antipsychotic Medications in a Schizophrenia Population
Authors: Shivashankar S. , Telfer S. , Arunagiriraj J. , McKinnon M. , McCreadie R.
Published: June 2010

Aims

Antipsychotics are mainstay treatment in schizophrenia; atypicals including clozapine were widely used. Clozapine was considered different due to its distinct effectiveness. We report the clinical profile of these groups.

Method

In Nithsdale, South-west Scotland, the schizophrenia population was identified by ‘key informant’ method in 2006. The clinical variables were determined and compared between the groups.

Results

The study identified 205 people with schizophrenia (point prevalence: 3.7/1000 general population) of which 131(64%) took part in the study. 22(17%) were receiving typicals, 63(48%) atypicals excluding clozapine, 29(22%) clozapine, 8(6%) combination of typical and atypicals, and 9(7%) were on no antipsychotic medications.

Comparison between atypicals excluding clozapine, typicals and clozapine groups showed: clozapine group were younger than atypicals and typicals (Mean years: 43,54 and 62, p=< 0.001). The length of illness was longer in typicals than atypicals and clozapine (Mean years: 35,24 and 18,p=0.002).

With mental state, clozapine group had higher score in positive subscore of PANSS than that of atypicals and typicals (Mean: 1.83,1.52 and 1.21, p=< 0.001); while there were no significant differences in the negative subscore (Mean: 2.11,2.01 and 1.77, p=0.24).

Tardive dyskinesia was more prevalent in typicals and clozapine groups than atypicals as assessed by AIMS scale (Mean: 41,41 and 18, p=0.02); while there were no significant differences between the three groups in the severity of parkinsonism as assessed by Simpson & Angus scale (Mean: 0.34,0.36 and 0.25, p=0.37).

Conclusions

Atypicals including clozapine were no better than typicals in symptom control or in the neurological side effect profile.
P03-134 - Does the Frequency of Tobacco Smoking in Patients with Schizophrenia Varies with Regard to the Type of Antipsychotic Drugs?
Authors: Softic R. , Sutovic A.
Published: June 2010

Background

Tobacco smoking is considered as one of leading preventable causes of death. High prevalence of tobacco smoking was reported among individuals with mental illnesses, and it is extremely high among patients with Schizophrenia. It is possible that antipsychotic drugs side effects are contributing to this negative trend. Objective of this paper was to establish frequency of cigarette smoking among patients with Schizophrenia hospitalized at the psychiatry clinic and to determinate the difference in frequencies of cigarette smoking among patients with Schizophrenia treated with first or second generation antipsychotics.

Methods

Study included 60 patients with Schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics for period of six months or longer. Experimental group included 30 patients treated with second generation antipsychotics, and control group included 30 patients treated with first generation antipsychotics. Descriptive statistical methods are used. The levels of statistical significance between parametric data were determined by t- test, and between nonparametric data by chi square test. Level of significance was established at P < .05.

Results

In this sample was 75% smokers, and out of this 46.6% consume up to 20 cigarettes per day, 40% consume 20 to 40 cigarettes, 8.8% between 40-60 cigarettes, and 4.4% consume over 60 cigarettes per day. There was no significant differences between groups of patients treated with first and second generation antipsychotics.

Conclusion

Tobacco smoking is very frequent among patients with Schizophrenia. In this study we did not found significant difference in frequency of tobacco smoking between groups of patients treated with first or second generation antipsychotics.
P03-142 - Caregivers’ Perceptions of Antipsychotic Medications
Authors: Trajanovic L. , Skakic O. , Djordjevic V. , Ilic N.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Finally recognized as a powerful co-therapeutic factor, family caregivers of persons suffering from schizophrenia play an important role in the treatment process.

Objective

The aim of our study was to examine the family caregivers’ perceptions of antipsychotic medications.

Method

In this study, the European Federation of Associations of Families of people with mental illness self-completion questionnaire was used. Data were collected from 40 family members, the key caregivers of 40 schizophrenic patients.

Results

Average age of a carer was 56, 97 (±11, 48) and 65% of them were females. Parents were dominant, caring for an ill son (37, 5%) or daughter (42, 5%). Family caregivers spent every day caring for the ill relative (100%); mean time of caring was 15, 2 years. Lack of education about condition and treatment side effects were seen as main reasons for drug discontinuation. Nearly half of caregivers (45%) stated forgetfulness as an important factor of treatment non-adherence. Every 6th family member had complains about complicated drug routine and too many medications prescribed. At the same time, they considered that keep taking the medication as recommended is very important for the remission achievement and that reaching remission is a long process which usually requires multiple changes of antipsychotic medications (4 changes on average).

Conclusion

Family caregivers of schizophrenia sufferers share almost the same considerations about antipsychotic medications with professional caregivers. Further closer collaborations between formal and informal caregivers may help to go beyond some obstacles and to get a better treatment adherence.
P03-146 - The Subjective Dysexecutive Syndrome in Schizophrenia
Authors: Vargas M.L. , Lopez S.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The dysexecutive syndrome is present in half of the schizophrenia patients and is highly dependent on the dopamine functioning. We hypothesize that early and mild dysexecutive syndrome in schizophrenia is mainly subjective. The objective is to study the subjective manifestation of the dysexecutive syndrome and its relationship with other symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods

One cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 schizophrenia out-patients (43 male; average age: 38.9 years, SD 9.4). The diagnosis were: paranoid schizophrenia 26.7%, schizoaffective disorder 25.0%, residual schizophrenia 21.7%, other schizophrenia subtypes 26.6%. The dysexecutive syndrome was assessed by DEX Scale (self-applied and applied by one external observer). Using PANSS and one addiction composite score (ACS) it was defined five symptom dimensions: negative (N1, N2, N3, N4, N6), disorganized (P2, P4, N5, N7), positive and depressive (P1, P3, G6), hostility (P5, P6, P7) and addictive (ACS). Basic symptoms were studied with FCQ-III. All the scores were transformed in to Z values. Correlations between DEX and the clinical dimensions were studied using Spearman's Rho coefficient.

Results

Dysexecutive syndrome is associated with basic symptoms (self-applied: r = 0.83, p< 0.001; external observer: r = 0.54, p < 0.001), disorganization (external observer: r = 0.46, p = 0.001), positive and depressive symptoms (self-applied: r = 0.54, p< 0.001; external observer: r = 0.44, p = 0.001) and addiction (self-applied: r = 0.35, p< 0.01).

Conclusions

Basic, hallucinatory, delusional and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia, as well as the disorganized dimension, could reflect the subjective experience of one dysexecutive dysfunction.
P03-149 - Study on the Executive Function and Learning Ability of the First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang H. , Liu X. , Fang Y.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To investigate the executive function and learning ability of the patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and its relationship with the patients’ clinical symptoms.

Methods

50 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls were tested by the Tower of London (TOL). All the subjects received two phases of the test of TOL continuously, with a break of 1 minute. And Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the clinical symptoms of the patients.

Results

Compared with the control group, the number of reply during the 1st phase (x1) and the 2nd phase (x2)of the patients group, was lower (P<0.01); the reaction time during the 1st phase (t1) and the 2nd phase (t2) was longer (P<0.01); while the rate of correct answer during the 1st phase (p1) and the 2nd phase (p2) do not differ. For the control group, x2 was higher than x1 (P<0.01), and t2 was shorter than t1 (P<0.01). However, for the schizophrenia group, there were no difference between x1 and x2, t1 and t2. The value of x1, p1, x2 of the patients were correlated negatively with the PANSS negative subscale score (P< 0.05), and t1 and t2 were correlated positively with the the negative subscale score (P< 0.01). The performance of the TOL did not correlated with the PANSS positive subscale score and general psychopathology subscale score.

Conclusion

The executive function and learning ability of the schizophrenics are impaired and the impairment of the cognitive function is significantly correlated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia patients.
P03-20 - Correlations of Neurocognitive Visual Tests in Schizophrenia
Authors: Álmos P.Z. , Gábor A. , Nagy Á. , Almos P. , Janka Z.
Published: June 2010

Disturbances of visual memory are a permanent finding in schizophrenia. Several devices are used to assess the subcomponents of this cognitive domain. One of the first tests to examine visual memory in general was Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) which is simple, short and can be easily administered in routine clinical conditions. In this preliminary study we examined BVRT in the light of recently used tests whether it is a reliable method to monitor visual memory in schizophrenic patients.

Twenty patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls were examined using BVRT, Digit Symbol Task (DST) and the following subtests of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery: Spatial Recognition Memory (SRM), Spatial Working Memory (SWM) and Rapid Visual Processing (RVP).

Correlations of these were analyzed with Pearson's correlation test; differences compared to controls were examined by independent sample T test.

Compared to controls, schizophrenic patients performed poorly on DST (p< 0.001), BVRT (p=0.01), SRM (p=0.016), RVP (p=0.001). There were no differences in SWM1 (p=0.74), SWM2 (p=0.862). In the patient group BVRT correlated with SRM (p=0.015), RVP (p=0.01), DST (p=0.007) In the control group we found a correlation with RVP (p=0.05) and DST (p=0.005).

Our results suggest that Benton Visual Retention Test shows a strong correlation with different aspects of characteristic visual memory disturbances in schizophrenia. Since it is in good correlation with clinical improvement on PANSS scores also and it is very easy to administer, it can be an optimal choice to monitor visual memory in daily clinical routine.
P03-26 - Paranoia, Schizotypy, and Social Anxiety: Factor Structure and Experience in Daily Life
Authors: Kwapil T.R. , Brown L.H. , Barrantes-Vidal N.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Paranoia is considered a key characteristic of schizotypy and schizophrenia, although it also shares phenomenological features with social anxiety (e.g., social fear and discomfort). Our first study examined the relation of paranoia with positive and negative schizotypy and with social anxiety. The second study examined the experience of paranoia and social anxiety in daily life using experience sampling methodology (ESM).

Methods

Study 2: Participants were 862 university students who completed the Perceptual Aberration, Magical Ideation, Physical Anhedonia, and Social Anhedonia Scales, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Paranoia Checklist, the MMPI-2 Persecutory Ideas subscale, and the Social Phobia Scale. Study 1: A subset of 240 participants from study 1 carried palm pilots for 7 days that signaled them randomly 8 times daily to complete brief questionnaires inquiring about their cognitions, affect, activities, and social functioning at the time of the signal.

Results

A series of confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the best fitting model was a four-factor model with positive and negative schizotypy, paranoia, and social anxiety. As hypothesized, the paranoia factor was most strongly associated with positive schizotypy. While some measures of paranoia correlated with negative schizotypy, measures of core features of paranoid ideation were only minimally associated with negative schizotypy. Social anxiety comprised a separate factor outside of schizotypy, but was moderately associated with positive schizotypy and paranoia.

Conclusions

ESM findings indicated that paranoia and social anxiety are differentially experienced in daily life. The results are consistent with a multidimensional model of schizotypy/schizophrenia.
P03-27 - Drug use and Age at Onset of Psychosis
Authors: Barrigon M.L. , Ruiz-Veguilla M. , Ferrin M. , Moreno J.M. , Salcedo M.D. , Diaz F.J. , Cervilla J. , Gurpegui M.
Published: June 2010

Objective

We analyzed the association of age at onset of psychosis(AOP) with having a history of cannabis use in patients with a first episode of non-affective psychosis(FENAP) and investigated the impact on the AOP of exposure to cannabis in adolescence, compared with young adulthood, and of the additional exposure to cocaine.

Method

We recruited 112 consecutive patients with a FENAP. CIDI was used to assess drug use and to define the age at onset of heaviest use(AOHU) of a drug, as the age when drug was used the most for each patient. The effect of cannabis and cocaine AOHU on AOP was explored through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, and logistic regression. Sex-adjusted cumulative hazard curves and Cox regression models were used to compare the AOP of patients with and without a history of cannabis use, or associated cocaine use.

Results

AOP was significantly associated with the use of cannabis, independently of sex, use of cocaine, tobacco smoking or excessive alcohol consumption. There was a dose-response relationship between cannabis AOHU and AOP: the earlier the AOHU the earlier the AOP. Hazard curves showed that patients with a history of cannabis use had a higher hazard of having a first episode psychosis than the rest of the patients (sex-adjusted log rank χ2=23.43,df=1, p< 0.001). Their respective median AOP (25th, 75th percentiles) were 23.5 (21,28) and 33.5 years (27,45) (for log-transformed AOP, t=5.6, df=110, p< 0.001).

Conclusions

Our results are in favor of a catalytic role for cannabis use in onset of psychosis.
P03-41 - Familial Association Between Schizophrenia and Mental Retardation
Authors: Da Ponte G. , Neves T.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Alert to the high prevalence and familial association between schizophrenia and mental retardation.

Methods

Review relevant literature after the description if a clinical case example; additional diagnostic exams.

Results

Description of a clinical case: Man with 25 years old with mental retardation and first episode of pchicosys.

He and his all family works in the fire department. In his family history there is a mother with pchicosys, father with mental retardation, sister with a post partum depression, aunt with bipolar affective disorder, and two uncles who comet suicide.

In January of 2008, he begins to hear voices, in his work, that call him and ask for help; then he begin to see an old lady in his bedroom's window; he stop sleeping and eating. The family brings him to the emergency room and he's started diazepam (15 mg/day) and olanzapina (20 mg/day) and the symptom remit.

Three days later, he stops the medication and the symptoms came back. He gets very scared and begin to take the medication every day.

He did a brain computerized tomography that excludes organic diseases and psychological tests that confirms mental retardation.

Conclusions

It is well established that prevalence of schizophrenia is around three times greater in those with mild mental retardation and the co-association between mental retardation and schizophrenia is highly familial. Both bipolar illness and major depressive disorder have also increased prevalence in the mental retarded. The prognosis is directly linked with family and social support.
P03-44 - Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone in the Post-Acute Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients in Ambulatory Care
Authors: Hargarter L. , Diekamp B. , Ibach B. , Juckel G.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Major goals in the treatment of schizophrenic out-patients are the reduction and stabilization of psychopathological symptoms, the reduction of relapses and a lasting improvement of the quality of life.

Methods

Non-interventional, 52-week study (RIS-SCH-4091) in schizophrenic patients after treatment of exacerbation or first episode of schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20.x) with monotherapy of long-acting injectable risperidone (RLAI).

Results

Interim-analysis after 12 months of 75 patients (ITT, m 64%; 32.7±9.1 years; N=88 safety set). Duration of observation was 278.8±119.3 days. Median start and end dose of RLAI was 37.5 mg/2 weeks. More than 80% of RLAI patients showed 75-100% compliance; 63% improved compliance compared to previous treatment. Improvement from baseline to endpoint was significant (p< 0.0001) for total PANSS (31.4±30.0), SF-12 physical (7.6±11.6) and mental health scores (13.4±12.5) and total SWN-K scores (20.7±23.5). Most patients had no relapse (89%) and no hospitalizations (92%) due to underlying psychosis during the observation period under RLAI compared to 59% with at least one hospitalization within the 12 months prior to this study. Mean relapse free time was 208.6±5.1 days. 119 adverse events (AEs; 28 serious AEs) were reported in 47 patients. Most common AEs at least possibly related to RLAI were lack of effectiveness 8.0%, weight increase 8.0%, psychotic disorder 5.7%, anxiety 3.4%, EPS 3.4%.

Conclusions

The results indicate that RLAI has good tolerability and good clinical effectiveness in the therapy of schizophrenic out-patients. High compliance, low hospitalization and low relapse rates under RLAI may help patients achieve stable remission and to master daily life.
P03-47 - The Differences in Producing Cognitive Deficit Between First and Second-Generation Antipsychotics - Our Experiences
Authors: Djedovic J. , Tomcuk A. , Radoman N. , Roganovic M. , Cizmovic B. , Matkovic N.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Contemporary researches of the cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients were conducted in three directions: Cognitive declining as a developmental precursor of schizophrenia, evolution of the cognitive deficit during the illness, and at last, impact of pharmacological treatment on cognitive functioning. The main aim of our study is to evaluate differences between first and second-generation antipsychotics in manifestations and course of the cognitive declining, in patients with first episode of paranoid schizophrenia.

Material and methods

We conducted open label, prospective trial, at the sample of 12 patients during first episode of paranoid schizophrenia. Diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the International classification of diseases 10th revision. The sample was divided in two clusters with 6 patients in each one. In the first cluster, patients received first-generation antipsychotics, and in the second one was administered second-generation antipsychotic - risperidone. Cognitive functions was evaluated by Mini Mental State Examination Test which is modified with adding two simple neuropsychological tests: Clock Drawing Test and Test of Verbal Fluency.

Results

We found more prominent cognitive declining in first cluster patients - particularly mnestic deficit.

Conclusions

First-generation antipsychotics posses more prominent negative impact on cognitive functioning in comparison to second generation antipsychotic - risperidone.
P03-48 - What Can Improve the Quality of Life of Schizophrenic Patients?
Authors: Djokic N.
Published: June 2010

Goal of contemporary psychiatric treatment is improvement of the quality of life of the mentally ill. Being that quality of life is of special importance for the process and final result of the mental condition, it is very important to identify factors that are responsible for the improvement of the QOL of the patients. In this study, according to ICD X criteria, 30 paranoid schizophrenia patients on hospital treatment, and the same number of paranoid schizophrenia outpatients were asked to name “what can improve their QOL”. Hospitalized patients at the first place informed their needful for release from hospital, the second needful for money, the third needful for woman. The second group of outpatients have needing for money, woman, and want to be employment. The results of this study indicate that living in hospital environment significantly lessen QOL of schizophrenia patients. There is no doubt that for improvement QOL of schizophrenia patients is very important their own opinion about that.
P03-51 - Folate and Vitamin B12 Serum Levels in First Psychotic Episode in Mental Health Center
Authors: Doll A. , Perez A. , Martin M. , Mena A. , Juan Jose P. , Pina L.
Published: June 2010

Low folate and vitamin B12 serum levels are associated with schizophrenia, and other psychotic disorders.

Objectives

Determinate folate and vitamin B12 serum levels in a sample of naive psychotic patients and in a sample of healthy population.

Methods

For 24 patients with a first psychotic episode serum folate an vitamin B12 were measured, and we take a sample of 30 person from healthy population adjust with age and gender for comparing both groups.

Results

In the sample of psychotic patients 15 patients (62,5%)presents low levels of folate, and 2 (8,3%) vitamin B12 deficiency. In the group with low levels of folate the mean was 1,5 ng/ml, and in the group with low levels of vitamin B12 the mean was 155 pg/ml. In healthy sample, 9 persons presents low levels of folate and there weren’t any vitamin B12 deficiency in this group. We compared the mean of folate levels in both samples and there was a significance difference between them.

Conclusions

Important percentage of patients with a first psychotic episode presents a folate deficiency, in our area, with lower levels of this vitamin than in the healthy population, so maybe is a factor that influence in development of the disorder.
P03-54 - Emotional/Affective Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients and Their Relationship with Quality of Life
Authors: Estevens D. , Guete-Tur O. , Carvalho M.
Published: June 2010

We will present the results of an on-going research, carried out with the main purpose of investigate and analyse the relationships between depressive and positive symptoms with stressful life-events, interpersonal processes and quality of life in schizophrenic patients.

Sample: 30 adults, males and females, suffering from schizophrenia, inpatients of a Psychiatric Unit in a general hospital.

A multimodal assessment matrix was used to evaluate depression, suicidal ideation and intention, hopelessness, pessimism, interpersonal relations, quality of life, stressful life events and positive symptoms.

We expect to find a positive correlation between hopelessness, pessimism, suicidal ideation, and the indicators of depression and also a mediator effect, of depressive, cognitive and positive symptoms, on the relationship between stressful life events and quality of life.
P03-56 - Physical Illness in Institutionalized Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Gallardo R. , González Pablos E. , García Sánchez F.J. , Salgado Pascual C. , Hoyos Villagrá G. , Herreros Gilarte I.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To find out the frequency of medical conditions presented by a population of institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients.

Methods

The target population is a total of 220 schizophrenic patients, 48 men and 172 women, diagnosed following the ICD-10 criteria, institutionalized at least during 5 years in a 76,8% of the patients. The average age was of 64,64 years.

Specific survey applied by the group of investigators aiming to collect socio-demographical data and the medical conditions, using the following psychometric scales: Cumulative Index of Illnesses (CII), Global Assessment Scale (GAS), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI).

Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v 15.0, including descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.

Results

Diabetes was found in 15% of cases, obesity in 31,7%, overweight in 39%, high blood pressure in 24,5%, high cholesterol serum levels in 21%, high triglyceride serum levels in 8,7%. A 26% of the patients were smokers.

The average number of categories at the CII scale was 4,84 and the average total score was 11,96.

Conclusions

Our patients predominantly are of an advanced age, female sex, and long-term inpatients. The presence of comorbid physical illness is high. The relatively low number of smokers could be explained by the demographic characteristics of our sample.
P03-73 - Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy: severe complications of clozapine treatment
Authors: Kamphuis H. , Arends J. , Timmerman L. , Kappert J. , Van Marle J.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Clozapine has several major side-effects for example agranulocytosis. There are however several severe cardiac side-effects associated with the use of clozapine.

We present two psychotic patients, who were treated with clozapine. One patient developed myocarditis and the other patient developed cardiomyopathy. These findings raised questions about the frequency of cardiac side-effects due to clozapine treatment.

Objectives

Awareness of cardiotoxic side-effects of clozapine; Creation of a clinical guideline for myocarditis and cardiomyopathy in clozapine treatment

Methods

Two case reports, one male 57 years, suffering from paranoid schizophrenia developing myocarditis, the other a female of 62 years also suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, developing cardiomyopathy during clozapine treatment are presented.

Secondly, an extensive literature search with keywords: Myocarditis; cardiomyopathy, heartfaillure and clozapine has been performed.

Results

The incidence of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy associated with clozapine use are possibly around 1 percent, 10-100 times higher than previously assumed.

Conclusion

Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy are cardiac side-effects of clozapine use which are severe and have a possible fatal outcome. Diagnosis of namely myocarditis can be difficult.

Research suggests that these side-effects might be less rare as thought of until recently. A clinical guideline for monitoring of these side-effects didn’t really exist to this moment. A proposition for a clinical guideline has been made in this presentation consisting of namely: anamnestic findings laboratory tests and ECG controls. Awareness for myocarditis is especially necessary during the first 4 weeks of clozapine treatment.
P03-81 - Attribution style and reaction to frustration in persistent delusional psychosis
Authors: Lazarescu M. , Papava I. , Popa I. , Papava S.R.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Attribution style and reaction to frustration play an important part in both depression and paranoia. The objective was to study the attribution style and frustration reaction between persistent delusional psychosis with depression and persistent without depression.

Materials and method

Fourty patients diagnosed with ICD 10 persistent delusional disorder with a period of evolution of 8 years, was grouped into 2 subgroups:

a)

with depression and

b)

without depression.

All are part of the Cases Registrer of Timisoara Psychiatric Clinic (CRPTC) which monitors the functional psychoses from 1985. For each patient was applied in period of remission BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), ASQ (Attributional Style Questionnaire) and Rosenzweig frustration test.

Results

The persistent delusional psychosis without depressive features present a more internal and less stable attributions of the negative events. For the positive events, the stability and globality is higher for those with depression. Concerning the response to frustrating situations, persistent delusional psychosis with depression give answers prevailling extrapunitiveness, whereas those without depression give prevailling need-persistence answers. There are significant similarities between the two groups concerning the type of persisting necessity.

Conclusions

Among the persistent delusional psychosis, those with depressive features demonstrate an agresivity directed more towards exterior in the frustrating situations and associate less the negative events with their own personality than the pure persistent delusional.
P03-87 - Paranoid schizophrenia and congenital myotonia: a case report
Authors: Ceylan M.E. , Maner F. , Gözden S. , Ergen N.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Forty four years old, single, unemployed male patient with paranoid schizophrenia and congenital myotonia has been presented in this case report. He was hospitalized because of collecting garbages, hostility toward his brothers, fattening many animals, living in very dirty surroundings. His mother was treated as bipolar disorder.

Method and results

He had muscular disease since childhood, weakness began initially in arms then in legs. There is muscular weakness in both of the proximal and distal extremities. He presented with dirty, old attire. He was indifferent and had flattened affect. His behaviors were bizarre. He made poor eye contact. He had no insight. He was in defensive attitude. There was no hallusinations. He had severe persecutive delusions toward his brothers. Generalized muscular disease with myotonic decharges was diagnoses in EMG. Olanzapine,20mg/day was applied. The patient responded to the medication and the psycotic symptoms were totally disappeared.

Conclusion

It is known that central serebral system may be effected and hypodense areas are seen in the brains of Thomsen type congenital muscular dystrophy which is comorbid with mental retardation (Kamoshıta et al 1963). We assume that an unspecified disorder in the central serebral system might be presented as paranoid schizophrenia in this patient with congenital myotonia and there may be some common aspects among both of these illnesses.
P03-88 - Amisuplpride-quetiapine-memantine association as treatment for resistant schizophrenia. Case report
Authors: Marinescu G.-C. , Popa S.N.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

There are no obvious data to sustain that amisulpride-quetiapine-memantine association would induce remision of resistant schizophrenia. The clinical consequences and the challenge of medication for resistant schizophrenia are important. This case report brings additional information about therapy in resistant schizophrenia.

Methods

Case Report: 38 years old patient, male, with repeated hospitalizations for schizophreniaparanoid type, from 1989; the precedent psychotic episodes were treated with haloperidol, risperiodone,amisulpride, olanzapine, clozapine and quetiapine. The latest episode was treated with olanzapine (20mg/day- 8 weeks), with failure, and, after that, with clozapine (500mg/day- 8 weeks) without remission. The patient has been hospitalized after olanzapine and clozapine treatment failure and treated with association of two different classes of neuroleptics (amisulpride 800mg/day and quetiapine 200mg/day) and memantine (10mg/day).

Results

The treatment with amisulpride-quetiapine- memantine association induced remission of symptoms and discharge from hospital after 18 days of treatment, sustained by PANSS score reduction (from105 at hospitalization to 40 at discharge). This symptoms remission is important because it happens after clozapine treatment failure, with known efficacy for treatment resistant schizophrenia.

Conclusions

For a patient with schizophrenia-paranoid type, treatment resistant, amisulpride-quetiapine- memantine association had the power to induce remission of symptoms. The combinated multireceptoral D2, 5HT2A, NMDA action of medication may be important in choosing the treatment for resistant schizophrenia.
P03-99 - Investigation Of Difference Of Episodic Memory In Schizophrenic Patients, Their Biological Relatives And Normal People
Authors: Nikpour G.A. , Homayouni A.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The study aimed to investigate episodic memory in schizophrenic patients, their biological relatives and comparison with normal people.

Method

20 schizophrenic patients, 20 their biological relatives and 20 normal people were randomly selected and William's individual episodic memory test (WIEMT) was administered on them. In the research, to the participants were presented 15 target words (5 pleasant, 5 unpleasant,5 neutral words).The participants were asked to recall a past memory associated with target words. ANOVA test was used to analyze the data.

Results

Finding showed significant differences among groups. Majority of schizophrenics oriented to choose neutral and somewhat unpleasant stimuli (words) and recall their past memory with depressive and unpleasant matter and their relatives too. But majority of normal people choose the better and pleasant words with good and pleasant their past memory.

Conclusions

Our results reveal that deficits in episodic memory can be regarded one of the most prominent cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and should thus be taken seriously in both its diagnosis and treatment. So it stresses the importance of assessing memory function impairments in clinical settings. Also choosing the neutral (and not pleasant) stimuli (words) may cause tendency to depressed mood and it can impair social cognition in schizophrenia that may be an important predictor of social dysfunction.
P03-157 - Patterns Of Symptoms Presentation In Depreesed Women & Their Literacy Status As Observed In A Rural Indian District
Authors: Acharya A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

In indian rural population setting where true literacy rate seldom croses more than 70% in women, the perception of depressive illness and the symptoms presentation are varied & predominately somatic.

Symptoms type variation & the degree of their educational status are corelated here to observe any deviancy.

Aims

Symptom type & litaracy status can show an association in depressed women in a clinic.

Methods

About 280 women in the age group 21-51 with a median age of 36years were taken here for assesment, who were diagonosed as suffering from depressive disorder asper DSM-4, either MDD or Bipolar depression. they all attended a mind care clinic(Mono-Susrusha), in a Ditrict HQTRS town Midnapore,126 k.m away from stte capital city of Kolkata.

5 basic symptoms were quried here as those were the major presenting features,

1.

Headpain or head discomfort or pain around neck

2.

Pain in lower extremeties or other sites

3.

sleep diturbance, loss of appetite or libid diminution

4.

Lack of pleasure or lossof interests to all daily activities

5.

Sucidal ideas

Next their litracy status illrtarate(20%), junior school(55%), highschool(12%),graduate,postgrauate &above(12%) uncertain in 1% cases.were assesed.

A tally was made to their educationalstatus&above symptoms.

Results

Somatic, bodily pain symptoms were mostly presenting feature in illetarate & lower school educated women.Biological(3rdlisted), lack of pleasure & suicidal urges were echoed mainly in higher educated women group of graduate&above.

Conclusions

Suicidal urges are more percieved in depressed educated women &somatic symptom predominancy were observed more in illterate &junior level educated group.