bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcined nepheline syenite powder increases potassium availability to corn
Authors: Almeida Julio Cesar Raposo de , Carvalho Luiz Valério de Castro , Almeida Ana Aparecida da Silva , Gadioli João Luiz , Villela Omar Vieira
Published: April 2020

This research evaluated powdered nepheline syenite (NS) as a potassium source for corn. The treatments were different particle sizes and heating the NS with calcium chloride at 900oC, and the samples were incubated in soil under controlled conditions before cropping. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using corn (Zea mays L.) plants cultivated in pots in a completely randomized 2x3 + 2 factorial block design with five replications. Five plants were growth in each pot with 5 kg of an Oxisol–Typic Hapludox soil for three successive 33-day cropping periods. At the end of each cropping period the K contents of shoot dry matter and soil and were determined. There was no effect on shoot dry matter production (p> 0.05). There was greater soil and dry matter K contents when heated NS was used, but for particle size. The treatments significantly affected (p <0.01) the K levels in the plants in the first crop. There was no residual effect on potassium content in the soil after the third crop (p> 0.05). NS in natura has low solubility and does not provide potassium to plants while calcined rock powder works as a thermopotassium source.
Human occupation and land use process in the Itaim basin, Taubaté, Brazil
Authors: Targa Marcelo Dos Santos , Gonçalves Mauro Castilho , Catelani Celso De Souza , Dias Nelson Wellausen
Published: April 2020

Indiscriminate use of land leads to substantial changes in the routine of social groups. Caused predominantly by anthropic elements and historically observed by the behavior of the economic and social trajectories, this phenomenon causes changes in the landscape and territory. This investigation analyzed the historical and social incidents in the random occupation of a hydrographic basin, located in the city of Taubaté, State of São Paulo. It considers factors related to urban occupation and the characterization of the rural environment, based on the analysis of anthropic conditions related to gradual alteration of the landscape and the territorial environment, from a historical and environmental perspective. Based on topical incursions at particular points in the basin and analysis of components found in the water, a progressive and inevitable degradation of their natural characterization was found, as well as the urgent need of intervention by public entities, and the population that lives and works in the region is called for, in order to expand the preservation of what remains of history, environment and rural culture.
Modes of Automated Driving System Scenario Testing: Experience Report
and Recommendations
Authors: Antkiewicz Michał , Kahn Maximilian , Ala Michael , Czarnecki Krzysztof , Wells Paul , Acharya Atul , Beiker Sven
Published: April 2020

With the widespread development of automated driving systems (ADS), it is
imperative that standardized testing methodologies be developed to assure safety
and functionality. Scenario testing evaluates the behavior of an ADS-equipped
subject vehicle (SV) in predefined driving scenarios. This paper compares four
modes of performing such tests: closed-course testing with real actors,
closed-course testing with surrogate actors, simulation testing, and
closed-course testing with mixed reality. In a collaboration between the
Waterloo Intelligent Systems Engineering (WISE) Lab and AAA, six automated
driving scenario tests were executed on a closed course, in simulation, and in
mixed reality. These tests involved the University of Waterloo’s automated
vehicle, dubbed the “UW Moose”, as the SV, as well as pedestrians, other
vehicles, and road debris. Drawing on both data and the experience gained from
executing these test scenarios, the paper reports on the advantages and
disadvantages of the four scenario testing modes, and compares them using eight
criteria. It also identifies several possible implementations of mixed-reality
scenario testing, including different strategies for data mixing. The paper
closes with twelve recommendations for choosing among the four modes.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: April 2020

This paper on Bosnia and Herzegovina presents the report on the government finance statistics technical assistance mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Further on developing reconciliation processes, the mission provisionally finalized research to establish reconciliation procedures, without fully eliminating statistical discrepancies. On the compiling of nonbudgetary public sector units, the mission continued the development of compilation processes as started during the May 2018 mission. Considering the differences in outcomes on balance sheet transactions between the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ compilation process, further research is required to test the plausibility of these compilation processes and outcomes. The mission will liaise with IMF’s European Department on an appropriate implementation procedure in coordination with other reporting units in Bosnia and Herzegovina that are also revising fiscal surveillance to the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 framework. The mission succeeded in resolving statistical discrepancies—at least from accounting technical point of view.
Republic of Moldova
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: April 2020

This Selected Issues paper provides a systematic assessment of Moldova’s governance and institutional frameworks. It follows guidelines approved by the IMF executive board, which were developed to deliver systematic and even-handed analysis on macroeconomically critical governance and institutional vulnerabilities. This paper also focuses on seven key areas for IMF engagement: corruption, rule of law, regulatory framework, fiscal governance, financial sector oversight, anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism, and central bank governance. The analysis is based on internationally comparable data, diagnosis from IMF technical assistance reports, as well as other expert assessments. Strengthening the judiciary and rule of law and accelerating state-owned enterprises (SOE) reform are clear priorities. The widespread nature of governance vulnerabilities and institutional weaknesses in Moldova, combined with capacity constraints, creates challenges for policy formulation and prioritization. Policy efforts should therefore focus on strengthening rule of law and reforming Moldova’s judiciary system, as well as building capacity and increasing the autonomy of key institutions. Steadfast SOE reform would foster competition, investment, and productivity, while reducing fiscal risks.
Argentina
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: April 2020

This Technical Assistance report on Argentina sets out IMF staff’s views on a feasible macroeconomic framework that could underpin a debt restructuring operation that would restore debt sustainability with high probability. Given that the authorities are in the process of elaborating the precise content of their policy agenda, the feasible macroeconomic framework is anchored around the authorities’ broad policy announcements and predicated on the IMF staff’s view that a set of policies could be fully developed and implemented to render the macroeconomic framework achievable. However, there are important downside risks to the feasible macroeconomic framework, especially if the adverse global and domestic economic effects of the fast-moving COVID-19 pandemic are larger and more prolonged than assumed in this note. Economic conditions are rapidly worsening, and financial conditions are characterized by very high volatility. This greatly increases the uncertainty about the macroeconomic framework, with potential implications for the IMF staff’s assessment of debt sustainability.
Response of dust emissions in southwestern North America to 21st century trends in climate, CO2 fertilization, and land use: Implications for air quality
Authors: Li Yang , Mickley Loretta J. , Kaplan Jed O.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Climate models predict a shift toward warmer and drier environments in southwestern North America. However, the projected dust trends under climate change are sometimes contradictory. Here we link a dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-LMfire) to a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to assess the impacts of future changes in climate, CO2 fertilization, and land use practices on dust mobilization, and to investigate the consequences for surface air quality. Considering all factors in the most extreme future warming scenario, we find decreasing trends of fine dust emissions over Arizona and New Mexico but increasing emissions along Mexico's northern border in the late-21st century during springtime, the season of maximum dust emissions. These trends result from more densely vegetated environments in the arid southwestern U.S. under future climate, but sparser vegetation in northern Mexico. The two main drivers of dust trends in this region – CO2 fertilization and land use intensification – play opposing roles, with the first driver enhancing vegetation and thus decreasing dust in the southwestern U.S. and the second driver increasing dust in northern Mexico. In the absence of CO2 fertilization, the RCP8.5 scenario places an upper bound on increases in dust, with elevated concentrations widespread over the southwestern North America by 2100 in spring, especially in southeastern New Mexico (up to ~2.0 µg m−3) and along the border between New Mexico and Mexico (up to ~2.5 µg m−3).
A new workflow for the automated measurement of shape descriptors of rocks
Authors: Fehér Eszter , Havasi-Tóth Balázs , Ludmány Balázs
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Shape properties of rocks carry important geological information about their origin, and they may also provide a window to study the abrasion processes forming their geometry. The number of mechanical equilibria is a significant property with a profound mathematical background that could reveal the secrets hidden in the artifacts of Nature. Although it is easy to count by hand, the automation of its measurement is not a straightforward task. A new workflow is introduced for the fast and efficient measurement of geometrical properties, including the number and location of stable and unstable equilibrium points of rocks based on a portable 3D scanner combined with computer software that can analyze the resulting point cloud. The technique allows for the fast examination of statistically sufficient sample sizes without the need for transportation or storage of the specimens. A previously hand-measured set of pebbles and fragments was used as a reference for the validation of the method, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through the examination of beach pebbles carried out in Kawakawa Bay, New Zealand.
Dental anomalies in orthodontic patients with and without skeletal discrepancies
Authors: Christina Avelar Fernandez Clarissa , Gentil Mattos Mônica , Vasconcellos Cruz Alves Pereira Christiane , Costa Marcelo de Castro
Published: April 2020

Objective:To determine whether individuals withskeletal discrepancies of Class II or IIIdisplay a higher frequency of dental anomalies in comparison with individuals with Class I malocclusion. Design:A systematic search of the main electronic medical scientific literaturedatabases was conducted. Observational studies were selected if mentioning dental anomalies in the different skeletal malocclusion patterns.Results:A total of 4,768 studies were found and the duplicated studies (1,279) were removed, resulting in 3,489 papers to be analyzed. After screening by title, 138 were fit for screening by abstract. After that, a total of 13 papers were carefully read in full. Five studies included dental anomaly frequencies in orthodontic patients and included 7,679 participants. The frequency of dental anomalies ranged from 11.2% to 40.3%.It was observed that individuals with skeletal discrepancies of Class II and III had more dental anomalies when compared to individuals with Class I.Conclusion:Individuals with skeletal malocclusion patternshave more dental anomalies and there is an association between dental anomalies and skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion patterns.
La Activación Conductual (AC) en mujeres con cáncer de mama durante la quimioterapia: análisis de la evolución de casos
Authors: Villoria Erica , Fernández Concepción , Fernández Paula , Peláez Ignacio
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Valorar la utilidad de la Activación Conductual para el afrontamiento del cáncer. Método: 18 pacientes con cáncer de mama de reciente diagnóstico siguieron 6 sesiones protocolarizadas dirigidas a recuperar actividades relevantes, eliminar conductas de enfermedad y modificar patrón de evitación experiencial. El análisis funcional determinó objetivos concretos de intervención y la estimación del cambio clínico en cada caso. Se evaluó el cambio pre-post-seguimiento (trimestral). Resultados: Se observa recuperación de las actividades, en particular, domésticas (p = 0,005) y ocio (p = 0,05). Es escasa la presencia de patrones de evitación, aunque se logra su reconocimiento. Las conductas de enfermedad se reconocen y reducen (p = 0,03). No hay casos de ansiedad ni depresión (HAD), pero sí sintomatología que mejora durante la intervención. Conclusiones: La orientación de los pacientes oncológicos hacia el mantenimiento de actividades de la vida cotidiana relevantes durante la quimioterapia, parece mejorar el afrontamiento de la enfermedad.
Eficacia de la terapia de pareja con pacientes con cáncer: una revisión sistemática
Authors: González Viniegra Noelia , Cruzado Juan Antonio
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Conocer la eficacia o utilidad de la terapia de pareja en casos donde uno de los miembros de la pareja padece cáncer. Así como conocer en qué casos o en qué momentos puede ser más útil este tipo de terapia. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos electrónicas: Scopus, Pubmed y PsycInfo, utilizándose palabras clave, tales como: Couple sex therapy, Cancer, Breast cancer, Prostate cancer, Couple psychological therapy, Intimacy, Clinical trial y Efficacy; y sus múltiples combinaciones. Se han incluido artículos en inglés de entre los años 2007 y 2019. Resultados: Los 11 estudios seleccionados únicamente trataban de cáncer de mama y próstata y la mayoría de ellos se lleva a cabo con una media relativamente pequeña. La mayoría de los tratamientos se aplica desde la corriente cognitivo-conductual y existen mejores resultados si el tratamiento está manualizado. En los casos de cáncer de próstata se trata con más normalidad aspectos relacionados con la sexualidad que en casos de cáncer de mama. Se observan mayores mejoras en cáncer de próstata ya que tienen que ver con aspectos sexuales además de psicológicos (pese a que con tiempo se pierdan dichas mejoras). Conclusiones: Se aprecia eficacia inicial en lo que a satisfacción de la relación y problemas sexuales en la pareja se refiere, pero estos resultados no se mantienen a lo largo del tiempo. Por lo que en general hablaríamos de una eficacia real baja.
La experiencia de un grupo de apoyo en el proceso de duelo de familiares de niños con cáncer. Un estudio cualitativo
Authors: Melguizo-Garín Anabel , Hombrados-Mendieta Isabel , Martos-Méndez Mª José
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: El presente estudio se plantea analizar el discurso de un grupo de familiares en duelo por el fallecimiento de un menor con cáncer, que acudieron a los grupos de apoyo de Fundación Olivares en Málaga. Método: Análisis del discurso de los nueve familiares participantes en el grupo de apoyo. Resultados: Del discurso de dichos participantes se obtienen afirmaciones relacionadas con la mejora de la calidad de vida de estas personas a través del apoyo social, el bienestar emocional y la expresión emocional. Conclusión: El grupo de apoyo se perfila como una herramienta útil para familiares que están viviendo este proceso y facilita el apoyo social y la expresión y bienestar emocional. De este estudio preliminar se derivan importantes implicaciones prácticas.
Comunicación consciente para acompañar de forma eficaz: protocolo de 5 pasos
Authors: Denizon Arranz Sophia , Arranz Carrillo de Albornoz Pilar , Coca Pereira Cristina , Pérez Viejo Jesús Manuel , Costa Cabanillas Miguel , Cervera Barba Emilio , García Llana Helena
Published: April 2020

Las personas con enfermedades crónicas y graves, necesitan ser escuchadas, entendidas y atendidas a su ritmo. Los profesionales necesitan herramientas sencillas y eficientes que les faciliten una buena comunicación con sus pacientes, en el menor tiempo posible. Ojetivo: describir un protocolo sistemático de comunicación en cinco pasos. Método: Se ha diseñado un enfoque cualitativo basado en la revisión documental, que ha incluido la revisión bibliográfica y de evidencias para apoyar el análisis y poder llegar a conclusiones con la información extraída del proceso. Resultado: Como resultado se propone un protocolo básico de comunicación fundamentado en el counselling y en los principios de la bioética moderna, capaz de facilitar las funciones de informar, motivar la adhesión terapéutica, promover cambios de conducta, abordar situaciones de comunicación difícil y, especialmente, de tener un encuentro auténtico con el paciente y su familia. Por conclusión sin comunicación eficaz no hay encuentro, y sin encuentro, la relación clínica entre profesional y paciente se puede convertir en un intercambio de palabras vacías, de imposiciones de tratamientos, que difícilmente el paciente va a cumplir adecuadamente. Los tiempos cambian y la Medicina participativa va encontrando un lugar más adecuado en el entorno clínico.
Honor Crime in Sanaa Shalan’s Tale of Tales
Authors: AL Deen Lutfi Ali AL Ghammaz Saif , Suliza Hashim Ruzy , Binti Abdulmajid Amrah
Published: April 2020

Honor crime is a heinous global phenomenon occurring in several Arab and Islamic societies with varying magnitudes from one country to another. The growing number of honor crime cases, mostly in developing countries such as Jordan, demands serious academic investigation not only because the lives of the victims are at stake, but also because the phenomenon is still gravely overlooked and unaddressed due to socio-cultural norms branding it as a social taboo. Recently, there has been increasing interest among Arab and Jordanian writers in portraying honor killings against Jordanian women through their literary works (Fanous, 2018). Thus, in this paper, we shall examine the manifestations of honor crimes against women in the Jordanian context through a textual analysis of Tale of Tales by Sanaa Shalan, an author belonging to the Jordanian contemporary literary movement. Originally written in Arabic, this novella highlights the suffering of many Jordanian women due to honor crimes inflicted upon them by the poor and male-dominated society. Through an Islamic reading based on Quranic verses and Sunni Hadiths to read of Tale of Tales (2007), we shall examine Shalan’s depictions of honor crimes against women in the novella as an extremely engendered phenomenon resulting from male domination and power and gender inequity prevalent in the Jordanian society. This paper is premised based on two elements, namely: the misconception of honor and its association with the women’s body and its roots in Islam, as depicted in Tale of Tales through the novella’s female characters, notably the main protagonist.
Phosphorus Fraction in a Yellow Latosol Cropped Under No-tilage System in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Brasil Edilson Carvalho , Dantas Rubia Carla Ribeiro , Silva Júnior Mário Lopes da , Gama Marcos André Piedade
Published: April 2020

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the main factors that limits productivity in Brazilian soils. However, soil management under no-tillage system (NT) may alter the availability of P in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of P fractions in a dystrophic Yellow Latosol, cropped under no-tillage for a long period of time in the Amazon Biome. The study was conducted on a farm located in the municipality of Paragominas, southeastern Pará. This experiment evaluated plots cultivated in plots at nine (NT9), 11 (NT11) and 13 (NT13) years of no-tillage system adoption, in one plot under conventional cultivation system (CS) and a surrounding area under native forest (NF) at depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm. The soil samples were subjected to P chemical fractionation to determine the different fractions. The soil management systems showed differential capacity of P accumulation. In the areas under no-tillage, P is accumulated in the toplayer and drastically reduced with depth, while in CS, this reduction is less pronounced. In the 0-20 cm depth layer during the adopted period of the no-tillage system, it was observed an increase in the content of inorganic phosphorus extracted by resin and 0.5 M NaHCO3 (PiAER and PiBIC) and organic phosphorus extracted by 0.5 M NaHCO3 (PoBIC), fractions considered as available for Biomass. Regardless of the year of adoption, the no-tillage system was superior to CS and NF. This was also observed for the inorganic and organic fractions extracted by NaOH 0.1M (PiHid-0.1 and PoHid-0.1)and inorganic fraction extracted by HCl 1M (PiHCl).
The impact of fibropapillomatosis on clinical characteristics, blood gas, plasma biochemistry, and hematological profiles in juvenile green turtles ( Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Li Tsung-Hsien , Chang Chao-Chin
Published: April 2020

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor- forming disease that afflicts all marine turtles and is the most common in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). In this study, the morphometric characteristics, blood gas, biochemistry, and hematological profiles of 28 (6 FP-positive and 22 FP-negative)
green turtles from the coast of Taiwan were investigated. The results indicated that body weight ( P < 0.001) and curved carapace length (CCL; P < 0.001) in green turtles with FP were significantly higher than in turtles without FP. Furthermore, green turtles with FP had
a significantly lower value of hemoglobin (HB; P = 0.010) and packed cell volume (PCV; P = 0.005) than turtles without FP. Blood cell counts of white blood cells (WBC; P = 0.008) and lymphocytes ( P = 0.022) were observed with significant difference; green turtles
with FP had lower counts than turtles without FP. In addition, turtles with FP had significantly higher pH ( P = 0.036), base excess in extracellular fluid (BEecf; P = 0.012), bicarbonate (HCO3– ; P = 0.008), and total carbon dioxide (TCO2 ;
P = 0.025) values than turtles without FP. The findings of this study provide valuable clinical parameters for the medical care of the species in sea turtle rehabilitation centers and help us to understand the physiological response of green turtles to different tumor-forming conditions.
Accounting Standards, Reporting Incentives, and Earnings Management
Authors: Song Xiaoxiao , Bannister Jennifer L.
Published: April 2020

In this study, we examine which factor, firms’ accounting standards or firms’ reporting incentives, has a greater impact on firms’ earnings management behavior. To answer this question, we utilize unique hand-collected data that consists of foreign firms cross-listed in the U.S. using U.S. GAAP. This interesting setting allows us to control for differing accounting standards and external monitoring from the SEC between foreign firms and their U.S. domestic counterparts. Therefore, if there is any observed difference in the level of firms’ earnings management, that difference can be mainly attributed to firms’ reporting incentives rather than firms’ accounting standards. Our findings suggest that cross-listed foreign firms using U.S. GAAP exhibit more accruals-based and real activities earnings management relative to domestic firms. The results suggest that accounting standards, regulations, and enforcement is not enough to eliminate opportunistic reporting behavior. Firm incentives will still impact the magnitude of earnings management. This finding is particularly important given the hot debate regarding whether the U.S should adopt IFRS or not. No matter what accounting standards firms choose, U.S GAAP or IFRS, firms’ earnings quality can still vary with differing reporting incentives.
Assessing the impact of nursing training on patient safety in neonatal intensive care unit at maternity and children's hospital in the K.S.A.
Authors: Alreshidi Nashi Masnad , Garcia Michelle , Al Aseeri Rana Mohammad , Al Reshedi Talal Majed
Published: April 2020

Background and objective: Nursing training programs with thorough planning and implementation, staff knowledge, skills and attitude is enhanced thereby contributing to an improved performance, teamwork and commitment towards achieving organizational goals and objectives. This is a descriptive report of a previously conducted intervention at the hospital. This study seeks to understand the level of staff perception, on the effectiveness of the training/courses implemented or conducted and its impact on staff performance, morale and attitude.Methods: The sample of this study was collected by cluster sampling method which includes 88 NICU staff nurse in Maternity and Children's Hospital of 38 bed capacity. This is a descriptive report of a previously conducted intervention at the hospital. A 5-point likert scale was self-report evaluation tool to assess training effectiveness of the implemented courses and or training and mean score is computed and interpreted. Contents of the questionnaire from the federal authority for government human resources is subjected for content validation.Results: A total of 88 NICU staff nurses, ages ranged between 26-31, majority hold the bachelor degree 77 (87.5%), with an average clinical experience between 1-4 years.  According to the 15 enlisted courses/trainings implemented in NICU, the highest rate of attendance is Neonatal Resuscitation Program 60 (68.2%) next is S.T.A.B.L.E. Program 74 (84.1%) and third N.I.D.C.A.P. 48 (54.5%). And base on the self-reported evaluation on the level of agreement of the 6 item question scored by 5-point likert scale the result has a mean score of 4 = agree. Majority of the respondents, 71 (80.9%) had the chance to make use of the skills learnt while 17 (19%) had no chance due to feeling busy most of the time 8 (10%).Conclusions and implication: It is concluded that to ensure patient safety, proper education and correct implementation of training and evaluation results into a positive outcome. A positive outcome on job performance, staff morale and teamwork toward the achievement of organizational goals and objectives.
Research on Online Car-Hailing Scheduling Problem Based on Resource Allocation
Authors: Chen Rongyuan , Qian Geng , He Zhixiong , Shi Yuanxing , Hu Minmin
Published: April 2020

In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology, various online car-hailing platforms (Uber, DiDi, CaoCao, etc.) have swept the world. The convenient and fast information exchange of "Internet +" greatly alleviates the information obstruction caused by the space-time deviation between passengers and drivers in the traditional taxi system, and becomes a powerful tool to improve the efficiency of the taxi market. In order to improve the utilization of resource allocation, this paper designs a model based on the vehicle's empty driving distance, and uses the Hungarian solution to obtain the shortest vehicle's empty driving distance to optimize the resource allocation problem. Then, according to the position coordinates and the travel route of the vehicle, the vehicle information of eleven times a day is calculated, and it is found that the result obtained by the algorithm is ideal；At the same time, we design the subsidy pricing model and its scheme. Finally, we make a systematic summary of the research content of this paper and look forward to the possible research directions in the future.
Internal Friction of Ball Bearings at Very Low Temperatures
Authors: Sikorski Jakub , Pawlowski Witold
Published: April 2020

Results of the study on the internal friction of steel ball bearings made of X65Cr14 alloy and ceramic bearings made of zirconium oxide operating at temperatures lowered by liquid nitrogen down to –195 °C are presented in this paper. Standard grease added by the manufacturer, while graphite and molybdenum disulphide powder were used for lubrication of the bearings during the measurements. Tests were also carried out to examine the performance of the bearings operating without lubrication. The power of bearing internal friction versus temperature was measured. The lowest bearing internal friction was observed for molybdenum disulphide, whose effective lubricating performance was verified for both types of ball bearings. Graphite powder was almost equally effective with the advantage of being suitable for use in machines that come into contact with food.
The Strategy of Children's Experience Analysis on the example of the situation of constraining their activity
Authors: Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to present a new method for the description of a child's experience and to estimate the probability of a parental mistake based on child's experience. The new method is approximated on the example of research on constraining the child's own activity (which is one of the mistakes).
The study was conducted on six children attending kindergarten (children aged 6 years). The study used the Strategy of Children's Experience Analysis (SCEA). The children played the role of competent judges and gave answers about the experiences of their peers from the stories presented to them (projection). In this way, information was gathered on the possible experience of pre-school children in the situation of constraining their own activity.
The results showed that among the three types of constraining of the child's own activity a) general, b) relational, c) manual - with the greatest probability of error is related constraining the child's relational activity, ie. limiting child's relationship with other people.
As research has shown, the SCEA strategy can be successfully used not only to study children's experience for research purposes, but also to analyze the experience of a single child.
In the shade of the gymnasium. Lutheran scholarship in Leszno in the 17th century
Authors: Szymańska Kamila
Published: April 2020

Apart from the Czech Brethren, the Lutherans were another large religious group in the 17th-century Leszno. They came to Leszno in 1628 from nearby Silesia, mainly from Góra. They formed an organized community using the German language, with a strong idenity. From the beninnig of their stay in Leszno, they applied for their own school. Initially, they sent their children to the school of the Czech Brethren. In 1638, they were granted the privilege to found elementary school and school for girls. There were also small private schools. In 1659 a Latin school was established, which was to be an alternative to the gymnasium of the Brethren for religious reasons. The level of education in tltheran schools in Leszno is confirmed by the number of students studying at German universities, including in Frankfurt (Oder), Leipzig and Jena.
Phenomenology of education. In search of the essence of education
Authors: Tomiło Janusz
Published: April 2020

A question about the being of the upbringing is a point of departure for dissertations passed in the article. Appealing to different positions an attempt to portray the phenomenon of the upbringing and ways of understanding him was made. Based on literature studies in the outline an evolution of views on the upbringing, ways of defining the notion and a criticism of the upbringing which happened were portrayed with summons to another above it of thought. He is a purpose of the article - by portraying the dispute about the upbringing - joining in the discourse making aware of both the complexity of the problem and the impossibility of achieving understanding joint and satisfying everyone this phenomenon.
Quasi-Hierarchical Approach to Discrete Multiobjective Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Authors: Nowak Maciej , Trzaskalik Tadeusz
Published: April 2020

In this paper we consider a multi-stage, multi-criteria discrete decision process under risk. We use a discrete, stochastic dynamic programming approach based on Bellman’s principle of optimality. We assume that the decision maker determines a quasi-hierarchy of the criteria considered; in other words, he or she is able to determine to what extent the optimal expected value of a higher-priority criterion can be made worse to improve the expected value of a lower-priority criterion. The process of obtaining the final solution can be interactive. Based on the observations of the consecutive solutions, the decision maker can modify the aspiration levels with respect to the criteria under consideration, finally achieving a solution which satisfies him/her best. The method is illustrated on an example based on fictitious data.
The Raybit Model and the Assessment of its Quality in Comparison with the Logit and Probit Models
Authors: Purczyński Jan , Bednarz-Okrzyńska Kamila
Published: April 2020

A new model for a dependent variable taking the value 0 or 1 (binary, dichotomous) was proposed. The name of the proposed model – the raybit model – stems from the fact that the probability corresponds to the Rayleigh cumulative distribution function. The assessment of the quality of selected models was conducted with the use of four definitions of error: MSE, MAE, WMSE, WMAE. Two computational examples were considered, which proved that the raybit model yields smaller values of error than the logit and probit models. Computer simulations were conducted using a random number generator with a binomial distribution. They proved that for the values of the theoretical probabilityfor the interval Pi ∈ [0; 0.8] the raybit model outperforms the other two models yielding a smaller value of error.
Modelling Population Growth with Difference Equation Method
Authors: Rzymowski Witold , Surowiec Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we present a new method of the econometric model construction: the difference equation method. We illustrate the proposed approach using an application example from human population dynamic study. We find out that proposed method is very useful to find one of the three forms of proposed models of human population satisfying the small maximal relative errors. The maximal relative error is a measure to verify the model of human population. The proposed method is tested for all available data referring to the human population in the OECD countries as well as in selected non-OECD countries.
The Analysis of Real Business Cycle Model with the Use of Bayesian VEC Type Models
Authors: Wróblewska Justyna
Published: April 2020

In many economic theories and models, both long- and short-run relationships between variables are in focus. It is also the case in the real business cycle model (RBC model). The main aim of the paper is empirical analysis of the basic, three-variable RBC model for the Polish data of product, private consumption and investment over the years 1995–2015. A group of Bayesian VEC models with additional short-term restrictions is employed in this research. The Bayesian model comparison leads to the conclusion that the analyzed process is driven by two stochastic trends and one common cycle. Additionally, in order to evaluate the importance of long- and short-run shocks, the forecast error variance decomposition and the impulse response functions are calculated.
Disparity in the structure of certified organic farms in the European Union
Authors: Luty Lidia
Published: April 2020

The main objective of this article is to present the differences in
the structures of certified organic farms in the European Union (EU) countries within 2005—2013, using dynamic and spatial approach. The method of vectors elimination was used in a study. The analysis showed that changes in the structure of organic farms in the EU countries were not always reflected in the structure of their areas. More significant changes occurred in the structure of farm number, in particular with regard to the countries which joined the European Union in 2004. In 2013 it was possible to distinguish five groups of EU countries that are similar to each other in terms of structure of number and six — in terms of the structure of area. In the majority of EU countries, organic farms covered the area over 10,0 ha.
Citizens’ legislative initiative as an institution of deliberative democracy and an expression of constitutional consciousness
Authors: Chmielarz-Grochal Anna
Published: April 2020

The paper is a partial result of the research on importance and scale of constitutional consciousness, in the context of citizen’s participation in power, particularly in law making process. It has been based on the assumption, that the institution of citizens’ legislative initiative provided in the Constitution has become a significant tool of civic participation in power in a democratic state of law. Such institution, in turn, assumes a liaison, a deliberation between the citizens and the authorities which is truly available only if a society is interested in participating in public life. Deliberative democracy becomes real under twofold condition: the citizens are conscious of their constitutional rights and also aware of the changes needed at the political and economical level. The most valuable benefits from citizens’ legislative initiative are: running an election campaign (getting signatures for a petition); passing the information about the project; exchanging views and opinions in a discussion (also through the media). The paper points out lacks and week-points of currently binding legislation that may limit the effectiveness of such institution. What is more: the final content of the legislation depends on the political factors –
the parliament. Regarding the low trust-level for public authorities and politicians, the citizens’ participation in the law making process is hardly significant. Nevertheless, the general potential of citizens’ legislative initiative to manifest the constitutional principles of rule of law and sovereignty in practice – is undeniable. Modern democratic state of law shall strengthen the citizens’ consciousness and empower them to implement the constitutional right for citizens’ legislative initiative. The paper leads to the conclusion, that the lone consciousness is not enough and it shall be followed by communication and interactions between citizens and political decisional bodies
On the Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights
Authors: Ćwiertniak Tomasz
Published: April 2020

This article presents the basic problems surrounding the question of philosophical justification of human rights. In the first part of this paper, the Author points out the deficit of philosophical reflection both in modern discourse on human rights, and within the legal sphere. This deficit leads to a series of negative consequences, such as 1) an excessive number of rights considered to be inalienable and inherent, which results in a depreciation of their importance (the problem of the „inflation” of rights); 2) the ideological entanglement of human rights; and 3) aseverance of the relationship between rights and duties. At the same time, there is much controversy currently surrounding the cathegory of human person and his/her dignity. This issue – which carries with it serious practical implications – demonstrates the necessity of in-depth philosophical reflection on the ontological and antrophological foundations of human rights, understood as an ethical minimum that can
be accepted by people of different cultures and worldviews.
Reproductive freedom and the so-called savior sibling problem
Authors: Sobas Magdalena
Published: April 2020

This text is about related to preimplantation genetic diagnostics in the context of reproductive freedom (autonomy). This wording is of considering what reproductive freedom is, what its scope is, and also indicates its multi-faceted nature. In addition, the purposes for which PGD is used and the diagnostic possibilities that this method carries are indicated. In the end, these issues were confronted with the so-called the problem of “saving siblings”.
Differentiation of life expectancy by sex and education
Authors: Nocko Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

The research on mortality and life expectancy by sex and education level was described in the article. To assess this phenomenon partial life expectancy rate of persons aged from 30 to 69 was used (e30—69). The research was conducted for the years 2002 and 2011. At the first stage life expectancy tables for people at the age of 30 and more, by sex and four groups of education, were estimated by Chiang’s method. Then on this basis the parameter e30—69 was computed. The obtained results confirmed that life expectancy is differentiated by sex and education. Longer life expectancy was noticed for people with higher education than for those with lower education. In the analysed period life expectancy of persons aged 30—69 was extended, except for women with at most lower secondary education. For women, the value of the assessed partial life expectancy parameter was less differentiated between the highest and the lowest level of education than for men.
Administrative revocation of a firearms licence. Polemics on the basis of cases regulated by art. 18 of the Act on arms and ammunition
Authors: Nowakowski Bartosz
Published: April 2020

The article concerns the issue of administrative revocation of a firearms licence. This questionable issue was regulated in art. 18 of the Act on arms and ammunition. Its structure distinguishes between two thematic blocks: obligatory and optional activities of the Police authority in these cases. The article contains numerous references to the jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court and the Provincial Administrative Court. The author presented the right legal solutions to this issue and presented discussion regulations and questions. The author ends polemical issues with de lege ferenda conclusions.
Electroniccommunication in the functioning of public administration
Authors: Nowicka Urszula
Published: April 2020

The article presents the issues of electronic communication in the functioning of public administration bodies. The author analyzes the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedureregarding the initiation of administrative proceedings by means of electronic communication and electronic delivery. The first concerns the submission of letters by the applicant to a public administration body (Artt. 61 and 63), the second concerns the transmission of letters by a public administration body (Artt. 39 and 46). E-applications and e-deliveries serves to facilitate, streamline and accelerate procedures in communication between a citizen and public administration bodies, and reducetheircosts. Nevertheless, many provisions remain underdeveloped. The author drawsattention to these problems.
The role of voter turnout and education of councillors for the efficiency of public goods delivery by gminas in Poland
Authors: Piwowarski Radosław
Published: April 2020

The aim of the research is to assess the influence of voter turnout and education level of councillors — which can be considered as the elements affecting the agency relationship — on the efficiency of public goods delivery by gminas. Public Sector Efficiency (PSE) index was used as a measure of efficiency. On the basis of the cross-sectional sample, the parameters of the econometric model were estimated for all gminas and their brakedown into: urban including cities with powiat rights, urban-rural and rural. Data published by the CSO and the National Electoral Commission for 2014 were used. The results did not confirm agency dependence understood as a greater involvement of citizens in politics and better control of power. They indicated, however, the possibility of a positive relationship between councillors’ competencies and the efficiency of public goods delivery to the residents of gminas.
An attempt to protect against the electronic technology of employee status
Authors: Świątkowski Andrzej
Published: April 2020

The Employment Tribunals and England and Wales Court of Appeal accepted in the case [2018]EWCA Civ 2748 that any Uber driver who has the App switched on the territory in which he/she is authorized to work , and is able and willing to accept assignments is working for Uber under a worker contract. The UK courts had disregarded some provisions
of the Uber’s Driver Agreement. They had been entitled to do so because the relevant provisions of the Driver Agreement did not reflect the reality of the bargain made between the parties. The fact that Uber interviews and recruit drivers, controls the key information, requires drivers to accept trips, sets the route, fixes the fare, imposes numerous conditions on drivers, determines wages, amends the driver’s terms unilaterally, and handles complaints by passengers makes him a transportation or passenger carrier, not an information and electronic technology provider. Therefore the UK courts solved the central issue of for whom (Uber), under contract with whom (Uber), drivers perform their services. Uber is a modern
business phenomenon. Regardless of its special position in business Uber is oblige to follow the rules according to which the work is not a commodity neither online technology device.