bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nicotine Self-Administration Induces CB1-Dependent LTP in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
Authors: Reisiger Anne-Ruth , Kaufling Jennifer , Manzoni Olivier , Cador Martine , Georges François , Caillé Stephanie
Published: March 2014

Nicotine addiction is characterized by repetitive drug taking and drug seeking, both tightly controlled by cannabinoid CB1 receptors. The responsiveness of neurons of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) to infralimbic cortex (ILCx) excitatory inputs is increased in rats with active, but not passive, nicotine taking. Therefore, we hypothesize that acquisition of the learned association between nicotine infusion and a paired cue light permits the strengthening of the ILCx–BNST synapses after ILCx tetanic stimulation. We exposed rats to intravenous nicotine self-administration for 2 months. Using a combination ofin vivoprotocols (electrical stimulations, extracellular recordings, and pharmacological manipulations), we characterized the effects of 10 Hz stimulation of the ILCx on BNST excitatory responses, under different conditions of exposure to nicotine. In addition, we tested whether the effects of the stimulation were CB1 receptor-dependent. The results show that nicotine self-administration supports the induction of evoked spike potentiation in the BNST in response to 10 Hz stimulation of ILCx afferents. Although not altered by nicotine abstinence, this cellular adaptation was blocked by CB1 receptor antagonism. Moreover, blockade of BNST CB1 receptors prevented increases in time-out responding subsequent to ILCx stimulation and decreased cue-induced reinstatement. Thus, the synaptic potentiation within the BNST in response to ILCx stimulation seems to contribute to the cue-elicited responding associated with nicotine self-administration and is tightly controlled by CB1 receptors.
GABA Predicts Time Perception
Authors: Terhune Devin B. , Russo Sonia , Near Jamie , Stagg Charlotte J. , Cohen Kadosh Roi
Published: March 2014

Our perception of time constrains our experience of the world and exerts a pivotal influence over a myriad array of cognitive and motor functions. There is emerging evidence that the perceived duration of subsecond intervals is driven by sensory-specific neural activity in human and nonhuman animals, but the mechanisms underlying individual differences in time perception remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that elevated visual cortex GABA impairs the coding of particular visual stimuli, resulting in a dampening of visual processing and concomitant positive time-order error (relative underestimation) in the perceived duration of subsecond visual intervals. Participants completed psychophysical tasks measuring visual interval discrimination and temporal reproduction and we measuredin vivoresting state GABA in visual cortex using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Time-order error selectively correlated with GABA concentrations in visual cortex, with elevated GABA associated with a rightward horizontal shift in psychometric functions, reflecting a positive time-order error (relative underestimation). These results demonstrate anatomical, neurochemical, and task specificity and suggest that visual cortex GABA contributes to individual differences in time perception.
Single-Neuron NMDA Receptor Phenotype Influences Neuronal Rewiring and Reintegration following Traumatic Injury
Authors: Patel Tapan P. , Ventre Scott C. , Geddes-Klein Donna , Singh Pallab K. , Meaney David F.
Published: March 2014

Alterations in the activity of neural circuits are a common consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the relationship between single-neuron properties and the aggregate network behavior is not well understood. We recently reported that the GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are key in mediating mechanical forces during TBI, and that TBI produces a complex change in the functional connectivity of neuronal networks. Here, we evaluated whether cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the connectivity and aggregate contribution of GluN2B receptors to [Ca2+]ibefore injury influenced the functional rewiring, spontaneous activity, and network plasticity following injury using primary rat cortical dissociated neurons. We found that the functional connectivity of a neuron to its neighbors, combined with the relative influx of calcium through distinct NMDAR subtypes, together contributed to the individual neuronal response to trauma. Specifically, individual neurons whose [Ca2+]ioscillations were largely due to GluN2B NMDAR activation lost many of their functional targets 1 h following injury. In comparison, neurons with large GluN2A contribution or neurons with high functional connectivity both independently protected against injury-induced loss in connectivity. Mechanistically, we found that traumatic injury resulted in increased uncorrelated network activity, an effect linked to reduction of the voltage-sensitive Mg2+block of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. This uncorrelated activation of GluN2B subtypes after injury significantly limited the potential for network remodeling in response to a plasticity stimulus. Together, our data suggest that two single-cell characteristics, the aggregate contribution of NMDAR subtypes and the number of functional connections, influence network structure following traumatic injury.
mGluR5 Upregulation Increases Excitability of Hypothalamic Presympathetic Neurons through NMDA Receptor Trafficking in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Li De-Pei , Zhu Li-Hong , Pachuau Judith , Lee Hae-Ahm , Pan Hui-Lin
Published: March 2014

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is critically involved in elevated sympathetic output and the development of hypertension. However, changes in group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) and their relevance to the hyperactivity of PVN presympathetic neurons in hypertension remain unclear. Here, we found that selectively blocking mGluR5 significantly reduced the basal firing activity of spinally projecting PVN neurons in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), but not in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. However, blocking mGluR1 had no effect on the firing activity of PVN neurons in either group. The mRNA and protein levels of mGluR5 in the PVN and rostral ventrolateral medulla were significantly higher in SHRs than in WKY rats. The group I mGluR selective agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) similarly increased the firing activity of PVN neurons in WKY rats and SHRs. In addition, blocking NMDA receptors (NMDARs) through bath application or intracellular dialysis not only decreased the basal firing in SHRs, but also eliminated DHPG-induced excitation of spinally projecting PVN neurons. DHPG significantly increased the amplitude of NMDAR currents without changing their decay kinetics. Interestingly, DHPG still increased the amplitude of NMDAR currents and caused reappearance of functional NMDAR channels after initially blocking NMDARs. In addition, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition or intracellular dialysis with synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25)-blocking peptide abolished DHPG-induced increases in NMDAR currents of PVN neurons in SHRs. Our findings suggest that mGluR5 in the PVN is upregulated in hypertension and contributes to the hyperactivity of PVN presympathetic neurons through PKC- and SNAP-25-mediated surface expression of NMDARs.
Cyclin E1 Regulates Kv2.1 Channel Phosphorylation and Localization in Neuronal Ischemia
Authors: Shah Niyathi H. , Schulien Anthony J. , Clemens Katerina , Aizenman Talia D. , Hageman Thomas M. , Wills Zachary P. , Aizenman Elias
Published: March 2014

Kv2.1 is a major delayed rectifying K+channel normally localized to highly phosphorylated somatodendritic clusters in neurons. Excitatory stimuli induce calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation and dispersal of Kv2.1 clusters, with a concomitant hyperpolarizing shift in the channel's activation kinetics. We showed previously that sublethal ischemia, which renders neurons transiently resistant to excitotoxic cell death, can also induce Zn2+-dependent changes in Kv2.1 localization and activation kinetics, suggesting that activity-dependent modifications of Kv2.1 may contribute to cellular adaptive responses to injury. Recently, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) was shown to phosphorylate Kv2.1, with pharmacological Cdk5 inhibition being sufficient to decluster channels. In another study, cyclin E1 was found to restrict neuronal Cdk5 kinase activity. We show here that cyclin E1 regulates Kv2.1 cellular localization via inhibition of Cdk5 activity. Expression of cyclin E1 in human embryonic kidney cells prevents Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of Kv2.1, and cyclin E1 overexpression in rat cortical neurons triggers dispersal of Kv2.1 channel clusters. Sublethal ischemia in neurons induces calcineurin-dependent upregulation of cyclin E1 protein expression and cyclin E1-dependent Kv2.1 channel declustering. Importantly, overexpression of cyclin E1 in neurons is sufficient to reduce excitotoxic cell death. These results support a novel role for neuronal cyclin E1 in regulating the phosphorylation status and localization of Kv2.1 channels, a likely component of signaling cascades leading to ischemic preconditioning.
Postnatal Maturation of the Red Nucleus Motor Map Depends on Rubrospinal Connections with Forelimb Motor Pools
Authors: Williams Preston T. J. A. , Kim Sangsoo , Martin John H.
Published: March 2014

The red nucleus (RN) and rubrospinal tract (RST) are important for forelimb motor control. Although the RST is present postnatally in cats, nothing is known about when rubrospinal projections could support motor functions or the relation between the development of the motor functions of the rubrospinal system and the corticospinal system, the other major system for limb control. Our hypothesis is that the RN motor map is present earlier in development than the motor cortex (M1) map, to support early forelimb control. We investigated RN motor map maturation with microstimulation and RST cervical enlargement projections using anterograde tracers between postnatal week 3 (PW3) and PW16. Microstimulation and tracer injection sites were verified histologically to be located within the RN. Microstimulation at PW4 evoked contralateral wrist, elbow, and shoulder movements. The number of sites producing limb movement increased and response thresholds decreased progressively through PW16. From the outset, all forelimb joints were represented. At PW3, RST projections were present within the cervical intermediate zone, with a mature density of putative synapses. In contrast, beginning at PW5 there was delayed and age-dependent development of forelimb motor pool projections and putative rubromotoneuronal synapses. The RN has a more complete forelimb map early in development than previous studies showed for M1, supporting our hypothesis of preferential rubrospinal rather than corticospinal control for early movements. Remarkably, development of the motor pool, not intermediate zone, RST projections paralleled RN motor map development. The RST may be critical for establishing the rudiments of motor skills that subsequently become refined with further CST development.
A note on a Turán-type extremal question on 3-graphs
Authors: Széecsi Vajk
Published: March 2014

An upper bound is given on the size of ak-fan-free 3-graph, and an infinite family reaching this bound is also described.
Erdös-Ko-Rado theorem in some linear groups and some projective special linear group
Authors: Ahanjideh Milad , Ahanjideh Neda
Published: March 2014

Let V be the 2-dimensional column vector space over a finite field \documentclass{aastex}
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$$\mathbb{F}_q$$
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$$\mathbb{F}_q$$
\end{document}. In this paper, it is shown that GL2(q), for q ≠ 3, and SL2(q) acting on V − {0} have the strict EKR property and GL2(3) has the EKR property, but it does not have the strict EKR property. Also, we show that GLn(q) acting on \documentclass{aastex}
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\end{document} has the EKR property and the derangement graph of PSL2(q) acting on ℙq, where q ≡ −1 (mod 4), has a clique of size q + 1.
A classifier for simple space curve singularities
Authors: Janjua Faira , Pfister Gerhard
Published: March 2014

The classification of Bruce and Gaffney respectively Gibson and Hobbs for simple plane curve singularities respectively simple space curve singularities is characterized in terms of invariants. This is the basis for the implementation of a classifier in the computer algebra system singular.
On the maximal operators of Riesz logarithmic means of Vilenkin-Fourier series
Authors: Tephnadze George
Published: March 2014

The main aim of this paper is to investigate (Hp,Lp) and (Hp,Lp,∞) type inequalities for maximal operators of Riesz logarithmic means of one-dimensional Vilenkin—Fourier series.
On semifields of order q4 with center \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage{bbm} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \(\mathbb{F}_q\) \end{document}, admitting a Klein 4-group of automorphisms
Authors: Bani-Ata Mashhour , Al-Nouty Ra’ed
Published: March 2014

The aim of this paper is to investigate the semifields of order q4 over a finite field of order q, q an odd prime power, admitting a Klein 4-group of automorphisms.
Calculating different topological indices of total graph of ℤn
Authors: Nikmehr M. , Heidarzadeh L. , Soleimani N.
Published: March 2014

A recently published paper [6] considered the total graph of commutative ring R. In this paper, we compute Wiener, hyper-Wiener, reverse Wiener, Randić, Zagreb, ABC and GA indices of zero-divisor graph.
Synthesis of Uniform and High Density Silver Nanoparticles by using Peltophorum pterocarpum flower Extract
Authors: BALAMURUGAN Matheswaran , SARAVANAN Shanmugam , OHTANI Naoki
Published: March 2014

Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) is one of the elegant material because its uses in various fields. In this study, AgNPs have been prepared by using Peltophorum pterocarpum (PP) flower extract as reducing and capping agent and aqueous silver nitrate (aq.AgNO3) as silver precursor. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Ultra Violet - Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), which reveals the formation of nanosized particles. The UV-Vis spectrum shows an absorption peak around 430nm. HR-TEM images of AgNPs with clear morphology and well dispersed prepared AgNPs.
Fabrication of Organic Thin Film Transistor Arrays on Plastic and Paper Substrate for Flexible Display Application
Authors: Fujisaki Y. , Nakajima Y. , Nakata M. , Tsuji H. , Yamamoto T.
Published: March 2014

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are the most promising candidates for flexible electronics owing to their flexible structures, the simplicity of processing large-area devices, and excellent compatibility with flexible substrates. To date, many studies have been reported that have aimed at developing a wide range of plastic electronics such as flexible displays, sensors. In this paper, we discuss our recent work, focusing on OTFT arrays and their application to flexible display. An active-matrix (AM) backplane using a low-temperature cross-linkable olefin-type polymer as the gatedielectric and an air-stable DNTT as the organic semiconductor (OSC) was successfully fabricated on a plastic substrate. The short-channel TFT array exhibited a high hole mobility of over 0.5 cm2/Vs, a low subthreshold slope of 0.31, and excellent environmental and operational stability. A 5-inch flexible OLED display exhibited a high luminescence of over 300 cd/m2 by driving of the DNTT-based OTFTs. Solution-processed OTFTs are also attracting considerable attention owing to both their simple manufacturing process and excellent transistor performance. We present a simple patterning process for a solution-processable OSC that can be used to develop a high-mobility short-channel TFT array. The OSC film was directly patterned on the confined active channel region by a simple lamination coating technique and the resulting TFTs showed a high mobility of up to 1.3 cm2/Vs. In the final section, we report on eco-friendly paper-based organic TFT array. A transparent cellulose nanofibers paper was firstly applied to a flexible substrate for the TFT backplane. A solution-processed TFT on the transparent paper exhibited a high mobility exceeding 1 cm2/Vs, good air stability, and excellent mechanical stability.
Mesoporous Au–TiO2 Nanoparticle Assemblies as Efficient Catalysts for the Chemoselective Reduction of Nitro Compounds
Authors: Tamiolakis Ioannis , Lykakis Ioannis N. , Armatas Gerasimos S.
Published: March 2014

Here, we propose novel mesoporous Au-loaded TiO2 nanoparticle assemblies (Au-MTA) as highly effective catalysts for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds into the corresponding aryl amine products. The obtained materials possess a continuous network of interconnected gold and anatase TiO2 (ca. 9 nm in size) nanoparticles with controllable gold particle size (i.e. ranging from ∼3.2 to ∼9.4 nm) and exhibit large and accessible pore surface area (ca. 100–160 m2/g), as evidenced by SAXS, XRD, TEM and N2 physisorption measurements. Interestingly, the Au-MTA mesophases have exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity for the reduction of nitro into amine groups using NaBH4 as reducing agent. Indeed, the Au loading and particle size have a key effect on hydrogenation reactions, affecting significantly the yield and product composition.
Au-Rh and Au-Pd Nanoalloys supported on well-defined Rutile Titania Nanorods for Aromatics Hydrogenation Applications
Authors: Konuspayeva Zere , Berhault Gilles , Afanasiev Pavel , Nguyen Thanh-Son , Auyezov Ali , Burkitbayev Mukhambetkali , Piccolo Laurent
Published: March 2014

TiO2-supported bimetallic Au-Rh and Au-Pd nanocrystals were synthesized using both impregnation and colloidal approaches employing HAuCl4 and RhCl3 as precursors. The as-obtained bimetallic catalysts were then supported onto TiO2 rutile nanorods in order to provide catalytic systems with well-defined metal-support interactions for HRTEM characterization. The results revealed the superiority of the colloidal approach over the impregnation technique to obtain bimetallic nanoparticles (4 nm in size) with tunable composition. However, for Au-Rh/TiO2, optimization of the procedure of the sol immobilization onto the TiO2 support was required to avoid possible Rh re-dissolution. Preparation of Au-Pd/TiO2 followed the same procedure but with more acidic conditions necessary to perform immobilization on the support. UV-vis spectroscopy and XRD results suggest formation of a Rh-rich shell over an Au core center for Au-Rh NPs, while Au-Pd NPs present a pure alloy structure. Au-Rh/TiO2 was used for performing the high-pressure hydroconversion of tetralin in the presence or not of H2S. The results indicate a strong thioresistance induced by the addition of Au to Rh.
Ocorrência do subtipo B do vírus da imunodeficiência felina em gatos domésticos da região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Silva F.S. , Castro C.C. , Finger P.F. , Silva D.S. , Taniwaki S.A. , Ullmann L.S. , Fischer G. , Vargas G.D. , Lima M. , Araújo Jr J.P. , Hübner S.O.
Published: March 2014

No Brasil existem poucos estudos sobre a ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV), assim como a determinação dos subtipos circulantes, o que é indispensável para o desenvolvimento de vacinas e novos testes diagnósticos. O presente trabalho investigou a ocorrência da infecção pelo FIV entre os anos de 2010 e 2011 em gatos domésticos submetidos a atendimento clínico na cidade de Pelotas e região. Amostras de sangue total de 70 animais, incluindo suspeitos (28) ou não suspeitos (42) da infecção pelo FIV, foram submetidas à reação de PCR nested. Os resultados indicaram uma frequência de infecção de 15,7% (11/70) e a análise dos fatores associados (sexo, idade e condição clínica) evidenciou uma maior ocorrência em gatos com idade superior a 10 anos e acometidos por infecções crônicas e recidivantes. Oito amostras positivas na PCR nested foram submetidas a sequenciamento genômico e somente o subtipo B foi detectado na região estudada.
Comparison of maximal lactate steady state with V2, V4, individual anaerobic threshold and lactate minimum speed in horses
Authors: Soares O.A.B. , Ferraz G.C. , Martins C.B. , Dias D.P.M. , Lacerda-Neto J.C. , Queiroz-Neto A.
Published: March 2014

The anaerobic threshold is a physiologic event studied in various species. There are various methods for its assessment, recognized in the human and equine exercise physiology literature, several of these involving the relationship between blood lactate concentration (LAC) and exercise load, measured in a standardized exercise test. The aim of this study was to compare four of these methods: V2, V4, individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) and lactate minimum speed (LMS) with the method recognized as the gold standard for the assessment of anaerobic threshold, maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS). The five tests were carried out in thirteen trained Arabian horses, in which velocities and associated LAC could be measured. The mean velocities and the LAC associated with the anaerobic threshold for the five methods were respectively: V2 = 9.67±0.54; V4 = 10.98±0.47; V IAT = 9.81±0.72; V LMS = 7.50±0.57 and V MLSS = 6.14±0.45m.s-1 and LAC IAT = 2.17±0.93; LAC LMS = 1.17±0.62 and LAC MLSS = 0.84±0.21mmol.L-1. None of the velocities were statistically equivalent to V MLSS (P<0.05). V2, V4 and V LMS showed a good correlation with V MLSS , respectively: r = 0.74; r = 0.78 and r = 0.83, and V IAT did not significantly correlate with V MLSS. Concordance between the protocols was relatively poor, i.e., 3.28±1.00, 4.84±0.30 and 1.43±0.32m.s-1 in terms of bias and 95% agreement limits for V2, V4 and LMS methods when compared to MLSS. Only LAC LMS did not differ statistically from LAC MLSS. Various authors have reported the possibility of the assessment of anaerobic threshold using rapid protocols such as V4 and LMS for humans and horses. This study corroborates the use of these tests, but reveals that adjustments in the protocols are necessary to obtain a better concordance between the tests and the MLSS.
Comparação entre dois protocolos de tratamento de ceratoconjuntivite seca experimentalmente induzida em coelhos
Authors: Motta D.A. , Yamasaki L. , Sanches O.C. , Giuffrida R. , Cândido E.R. , Pereira C.S.G. , Góes J.E. , Rocha T.L.A. , Silva D. A. , Silva M.C.A. , Basso K.M. , Andrade S.F.
Published: March 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a eficácia de dois protocolos de tratamento de ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) experimentalmente induzida em coelhos: uma formulação oftálmica tópica composta por álcool polivinílico 1,4%, adicionado com acetilcisteína 10% e pilocarpina 1% (AAP), e outro protocolo com o uso do óleo de semente de linhaça (OL) tópico em forma de colírio, durante 12 semanas. Foram utilizados 15 coelhos machos, adultos, da raça Nova Zelândia, alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo C (controle), grupo AAP (formulação oftálmica) e grupo L (OL tópica). Os animais foram avaliados semanalmente pelo teste lacrimal de Schirmer, teste de fluoresceína e teste de Rosa Bengala; uma vez por mês, pelo exame de citologia esfoliativa ocular; ao final do experimento, pela análise histopatológica da córnea e conjuntiva. Os resultados demonstraram que houve um aumento maior na produção lacrimal quando utilizada a formulação oftálmica, e uma resolução mais rápida das úlceras de córnea, bem como diminuição no número de células desvitalizadas quando utilizado o óleo de semente de linhaça, além de aumento no número de células caliciformes em ambos os grupos de tratamento. A associação desses dois protocolos pode ser no futuro uma alternativa no tratamento da CCS.
Desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas mestiças da raça Santa Inês em Brachiaria humidícula e efeito do sexo no ganho de peso de cordeiros
Authors: Oliveira P.A. , Cirne L.G.A. , Almeida D.C. , Oliveira G.J.C. , Jaeger S.M.P.L. , Strada E.S.O. , Bagaldo A.R. , Oliveira R.L.
Published: March 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas deslanadas em função do manejo alimentar das crias e idade de desmame, além de mensurar o efeito do sexo no ganho de peso de cordeiros. Sessenta e quatro ovelhas mestiças da raça Santa Inês foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 x 2 - quatro idades de desmame (56, 70, 84 e 98 dias), sexo e manejo alimentar das crias, cada tratamento com quatro repetições. As ovelhas foram manejadas com a cria ao pé, em 14 piquetes de 1,5 ou 2,0 hectares, formados com pastagem de Brachiaria humidícola. As crias nascidas de partos simples, filhos de reprodutores Santa Inês puros de origem (PO). Após o desmame de todos os grupos, sessenta e quatro cordeiros (32 machos e 32 fêmeas) foram distribuídos ao acaso em baias individuais e confinados por 30 dias. A comparação dos parâmetros foi realizada pelo ajuste do modelo de regressão linear simples. Verificou-se vício de tempo longo do manejo alimentar das crias de + 3,7% (P<0,05) para o intervalo entre partos e de + 1,4% (P<0,05) para o período de serviço. Houve efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) da idade de desmame sobre o intervalo entre partos e período de serviço. Verificou-se vício de tempo longo do sexo das crias de + 2,0% (P<0,05) para o intervalo entre partos e de + 0,8% (P<0,05) para o período de serviço das ovelhas. Constatou-se vício de tempo longo do sexo de + 35,2% e + 36,9% (P<0,05), respectivamente, para o ganho de peso diário de cordeiros do nascimento ao desmame e pós desmame em confinamento. A suplementação das crias em alimentador privativo e a antecipação da idade de desmame reduzem o intervalo entre partos e período de serviço de ovelhas deslanadas em pastagem de Brachiaria humidícula. O sexo da cria é fonte de variação na análise da eficiência reprodutiva de matrizes ovinas e no ganho de peso de cordeiros mestiços da raça Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame e após o desmame.
Probiotic technological and functional characteristics of Lactobacillus strains isolated from chicken gut
Authors: Dornas R.M. , Silva G.A.X. , Martins C.H.V. , Moreira J.L.S. , Jensen C.E.M. , Souza M.R. , Nicoli J.R. , Nunes A.C. , Neumann E.
Published: March 2014

Lactobacillus spp. isolated from different portions of chickens' gastrointestinal tract were evaluated concerning their ability to survive in a water-in-oil (W/0) emulsion containing sesame and sunflower oil. After sixty days of emulsion storage under refrigeration, three of five strains tested survived in number equal to or higher than 10(6)cfu/g. Lactobacillus reuteri 2M14C, which presented the highest survival in W/O emulsion (10(7)cfu/g), was tested for its capacity to resist throughout the passage through gnotobiotic mice gastrointestinal tract and for the ability to stimulate murine peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis. This strain remained at a number above 10(9)cfu/g feces during ten days of monoassociation, and monoassociated mice showed phagocytic activity significantly greater than the germ-free controls (P<0.05). The results suggest that the formulation can be used to incorporate viable Lactobacillus spp. cells in animal feed. Moreover, the results suggest that L. reuteri 2M14C is a strong candidate to be incorporated in probiotic formulations for use in chicken.
Tranquilização de asininos com acepromazina associada ou não ao diazepam
Authors: Araújo A.L. , Souza G.A.F. , Nóbrega Neto P.I. , Souza A.P.
Published: March 2014

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da acepromazina isolada ou associada ao diazepam em asininos. Cinco asininos foram submetidos a dois protocolos anestésicos: os do grupo acepromazina (AC) receberam acepromazina, 0,1mg/kg/IV, e os do grupo acepromazina-diazepam (ACD), acepromazina na mesma dose e via do AC, associada ao diazepam, 0,1mg/kg/IV. Foram mensuradas as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR) e a temperatura retal (TR) e analisadas variáveis eletrocardiográficas, tranquilização, período de latência, início do prolapso peniano e grau de ataxia. A tranquilização iniciou-se aos 10,4±0,9 minutos nos asininos do AC e aos 4,8±1,1 nos do ACD. Ocorreu prolapso peniano aos 4,2±1,3min no AC e aos 2,7±0,4 no ACD. A FC elevou-se aos 15 e 30min no AC. Não ocorreu variação significativa nas variáveis eletrocardiográficas e na temperatura retal. A FR diminuiu no AC a partir de 60min e no ACD a partir de 30min. A distância focinho-solo reduziu-se significativamente em ambos os grupos e nos momentos a partir de 15min. Concluiu-se que a acepromazina promove tranquilização discreta, e a adição do diazepam potencializa a tranquilização, diminui o período de latência e aumenta a ataxia.
Effect of ractopamine on the chemical and physical characteristics of pacu(Piaractus mesopotamicus) steaks
Authors: Oliveira L.M.F.S. , Leal R.S. , Mesquita T.C. , Pimenta M.E.S.G. , Zangeronimo M.G. , Sousa R.V. , Alvarenga R.R.
Published: March 2014

The objective was to evaluate the use of ractopamine (RAC) in the diet for pacu (Piaractus mesopotaminus) in the finishing phase on some quality parameters of the fillets. Thirty-five animals weighing 0.868±0.168kg were distributed in a completely randomised design with five treatments (0.0 - control; 11.25, 22.50, 33.75 and 45 ppm of RAC) and seven replicates with two fillets obtained from the same animal. The diets were isocaloric and isoprotein and experimental time was 90 days. RAC did not affect (P>0.05) the initial pH or ph after 24 hours of the fillets. Compared to the control, RAC increased (P<0.05) the moisture content of the fillets in natura and lipid oxidation of samples stored for 12 days in the refrigerator or freezer for 60 days. The RAC in 11.25 ppm reduced (P<0.05) the lipid content, while 45 ppm reduced (P<0.05) the crude protein in the fillets. Considering only RAC, there was a linear increase (P<0.05) in the lipid content (P<0.05) and a linear reduction in crude protein and weight loss after cooking the fillets. There was a quadratic effect (P<0.05) on the ash content, weight loss and lipid oxidation in fillets stored in the refrigerator or freezer. A RAC dose of 33.75 ppm resulted in a lower lipid oxidation index. In conclusion, ractopamine at 11.25 ppm is effective for reducing the fat content in fillets of pacu, although it increases the formation of peroxides in samples kept in the freezer for longer than 60 days. At 33.75 ppm, ractopamine is effective in reducing the effect of oxidation during storage in the refrigerator or freezer.
Desempenho de vacas em lactação alimentadas com dietas contendo torta de macaúba
Authors: Azevedo R.A. , Santos A.C.R. , Ribeiro Júnior C.S. , Santos F.P.C. , Araújo L. , Bicalho F.L. , Fonseca L.M. , Geraseev L.C.
Published: March 2014

Avaliaram-se o consumo de nutrientes e a produção e composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandesa alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes quantidades de inclusão de torta de macaúba. Oito animais foram distribuídos em dois quadrados latinos 4x4, sendo quatro tratamentos, 0, 100, 200 e 300g kg-1 de TM na matéria seca da dieta, e quatro períodos experimentais de 21 dias, 14 de adaptação e sete de avaliações. A adição de quantidades crescentes de torta de macaúba à dieta alterou o consumo de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos não fibrosos, produção e os teores de lactose, extrato seco desengordurado e sólidos totais do leite, bem como a eficiência alimentar e a digestibilidade da matéria seca. Por outro lado, não foi verificada diferença nos teores de gordura do leite. A adição da TM em até 300g kg-1 da dieta comprometeu o consumo e o desempenho produtivo dos animais.
Despalha da cana-de-açúcar e desempenho de novilhas e vacas leiteiras
Authors: Siécola Júnior S. , Bitencourt L.L. , Melo L.Q. , Silveira V.A. , Lopes N.M. , Silva J.R.M. , Pereira R.A.N. , Pereira M.N.
Published: March 2014

Dois experimentos avaliaram a resposta em ganho de peso de novilhas e a produção de leite de vacas à remoção de folhas apicais e laterais da cana-de-açúcar. Em ambos, os animais foram alimentados individualmente em confinamento total. No Experimento 1, 32 novilhas Girolando (295±45kg de peso vivo) foram blocadas em pares e alocadas a um tratamento por 42 dias, após um período de padronização de 14 dias. Os tratamentos foram: cana integral ou despalhada. O peso vivo e o consumo foram mensurados ao longo do tempo. Os teores de ingredientes e nutrientes na matéria seca (MS) das dietas foram 77,1% de cana, 19,2% de farelo de soja, 1% de ureia, 14,1% de proteína bruta (PB) e 38,8% de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) na cana despalhada, e 78,6%, 17,9%, 0,9%, 13,7% e 45,3% na cana integral, respectivamente. O ganho diário de peso foi 1,395kg na cana despalhada e 1,125kg na integral (P=0,05). Não houve efeito de tratamento sobre o consumo de MS (P=0,78). A despalha aumentou a taxa de ingestão de alimento (P=0,04) e o consumo diário de matéria orgânica não FDN digestível (P=0,03). No Experimento 2, 14 vacas Holandesas (256±124 dias em lactação) foram blocadas em pares e alocadas a uma sequência dos dois tratamentos em delineamento de reversão simples, com períodos de 21 dias e mensuração da resposta na terceira semana. A dieta com cana despalhada teve 18,4% de cana na MS, 37,6% de silagem de milho, 44% de concentrado baseado em milho, polpa cítrica e farelo de soja, 17,3% de PB e 32,9% de FDN, enquanto a dieta com cana integral teve 18,2%, 37,7%, 44,1%, 16,6% e 34,7%, respectivamente. A despalha tendeu a aumentar a digestibilidade da MS (P=0,06) e o consumo diário de matéria orgânica digestível (P=0,10), sem afetar a produção de leite (18,4kg, P=0,65). A despalha da cana aumentou o ganho de peso de novilhas consumindo alta proporção de cana na dieta, mas essa prática não induziu resposta positiva no desempenho de vacas em final de lactação consumindo 18% de cana na dieta.
Características produtivas de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com dietas contendo diferentes teores de borra de soja
Authors: Carvalho S. , Pires C.C. , Macari S. , Lopes J.F. , Moro A.B. , Venturini R.S. , Lins A. , Teixeira R.S.
Published: March 2014

Avaliou-se o efeito de dietas contendo diferentes teores de borra de soja sobre o consumo de nutrientes, o ganho de peso, as características de carcaça e os componentes do peso vivo de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros, machos, castrados, da raça Texel, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos compostos por proporções de 0%, 2,89%, 5,77%, 8,65% ou 11,55% de borra de soja na matéria seca das dietas. Houve redução linear do consumo de nutrientes, com exceção do consumo de extrato etéreo, que aumentou linearmente. O peso vivo ao abate, o ganho de peso diário, os pesos e rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, e os pesos de perna e de costilhar diminuíram linearmente, ao passo que as proporções de rúmen e do trato gastrintestinal, com conteúdo, bem como o conteúdo gastrointestinal, aumentaram linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de borra de soja nas dietas. A proporção de perna foi influenciada de forma quadrática. O aumento da participação de borra de soja na dieta de cordeiros em sistema de confinamento leva à diminuição do desempenho produtivo dos animais. Contudo, o lucro diário obtido por animal não é influenciado, podendo-se inferir que a inclusão de borra de soja até o nível de 11,55% da matéria seca total da dieta é uma alternativa viável para a terminação de cordeiros em confinamento.
Allometric growth patterns in hatchery-reared larvae of the catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri (Pisces: Pseudopimelodidae)
Authors: Guimarães-Cruz R.J. , Veloso-Júnior V.C. , Sales N.G. , Oliveira D.A.A. , Santos J.E.
Published: March 2014

The aim of the present study was to characterize the relationships that occur between morphometric variables of larvae of Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 through their allometric growth analysis. Total length, head length and body height were correlated with standard length, head height and body height, as well as eye diameter and head height with head length. The results revealed allometric positive relation during the initial development, where the b coefficient varied between 1.10 and 2.81. The variable pre-anal distance in relation to the standard length and the snout length in relation to the head length revealed an allometric negative relation, where the b coefficient was 0.85 and 0.94, respectively.
O trabalho invisível e perigoso dos profissionais de manutenção: reflexões sobre a atividade em uma indústria automobilística
Authors: Carvalho Alex Luis de , Menegon Nilton Luiz
Published: March 2014

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar, a partir da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho, os aspectos interferentes sobre a gestão da variabilidade efetuada por mecânicos e eletricistas de manutenção de uma área de estamparia, revelando suas relações conflitantes com as áreas de produção, segurança e engenharia. Baseada nas aproximações vigentes do sistema de gerenciamento da manutenção, dos riscos e projetos de máquinas sob a luz da facilidade para manutenção, é retomada a discussão sobre a importância da atividade viva dos profissionais, frequentemente desconsiderada por essas áreas. A partir dos resultados da análise do trabalho realizado, é proposto um novo reposicionamento das abordagens, levando em conta a perspectiva do manutentor no curso da ação, privilegiando, considerando a importância dos "meios" e não mais somente dos "fins", propiciando melhorias tanto para a empresa, aumentando os índices de confiabilidade das instalações, quanto para os profissionais, preservando sua saúde e segurança.
Proposta de um modelo de gestão integrada da cadeia de suprimentos: aplicação no segmento de eletrodomésticos
Authors: Santos Reinaldo Fagundes dos , Alves João Murta
Published: March 2014

O espectro da competitividade entre as organizações manufatureiras, numa economia cada vez mais globalizada, já não se limita ao jogo de forças entre as organizações concorrentes, mas acontece de fato entre cadeias de suprimentos. Entretanto, os atuais modelos de gestão da cadeia de suprimentos não vêm cumprindo seu papel, havendo grande disparidade entre os potenciais benefícios e a prática. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor um modelo de SCM e seu método de implementação, visando aumentar a capacidade de resposta ao mercado consumidor das empresas manufatureiras. O modelo proposto utiliza os conceitos da Manufatura Enxuta, da Teoria das Restrições e do modelo SCOR em um ambiente de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação. São aplicados também os conceitos do Triple Bottom Line na busca da sustentabilidade. A avaliação de sua eficácia é feita através de uma aplicação no segmento de eletrodomésticos, permitindo sugerir a ampliação do escopo de sua utilização.
Parâmetros fisiológicos e nutricionais de cultivares de soja resistentes ao glifosato em comparação com cultivares isogênicas próximas
Authors: Wagner Juliano Fuhrmann , Merotto Junior Aldo
Published: March 2014

Cultivares de soja resistentes ao herbicida glifosato podem apresentar variação de adaptação em função dos efeitos do processo de transformação e da consequência do herbicida glifosato sobre a disponibilidade de micronutrientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variação de adaptação em cultivares de soja resistentes a glifosato, em comparação com cultivares isogênicas próximas sobre parâmetros fisiológicos, nutricionais, de crescimento e no rendimento de grãos da cultura. Foi realizado experimento em campo, utilizando sete cultivares resistentes ao herbicida glifosato e seis cultivares convencionais, correspondentes a isolíneas próximas das cultivares transgênicas. O tratamento herbicida constou da ausência ou presença da aplicação do herbicida glifosato nas cultivares transgênicas, na dose de 900g ha-1 e. a. Os parâmetros de teores e fluorescência da clorofila não apresentaram relação com os tratamentos efetuados entre as cultivares avaliadas. A cultivar 'BRS Taura RR' apresentou menor acúmulo de Fe foliar, em comparação com a sua linha isogênica BRS 154, devido à aplicação do herbicida glifosato. A aplicação do herbicida glifosato reduziu o rendimento de grãos de três cultivares resistentes. Os resultados encontrados indicam a existência de variação entre cultivares de soja resistentes a glifosato em relação ao efeito deste herbicida sobre parâmetros nutricionais, de fluorescência da clorofila e rendimento de grãos.
Eficiência de malhas amostrais utilizadas na caracterização da variabilidade espacial de fósforo e potássio
Authors: Cherubin Maurício Roberto , Santi Antônio Luis , Eitelwein Mateus Tonini , Menegol Diego Ricardo , Ros Clóvis Orlando Da , Pias Osmar Henrique de Castro , Berghetti Juliano
Published: March 2014

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a eficiência das malhas amostrais, utilizadas nas áreas manejadas com agricultura de precisão, para a caracterização da variabilidade espacial dos teores de fósforo (P) e potássio (K). O estudo foi conduzido em 30 áreas agrícolas, localizadas no Rio Grande do Sul, cujos solos foram classificados como Latossolos Vermelhos. As dimensões das malhas amostrais estudadas foram: 100x100m (10 áreas), 142x142m (10 áreas) e 173x173m (10 áreas). Foram analisados os teores de P e K na profundidade de 0,00-0,10m. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e a análise geoestatística. De modo geral, as áreas estudadas apresentaram teores médios de P e K adequados ao desenvolvimento das culturas. Entretanto, observaram-se locais com baixos teores de P, justificando fertilizações em sítio-específico. Com base em parâmetros geoestatísticos, as dimensões de malhas amostrais utilizadas são eficientes em captar as diferentes escalas da variabilidade espacial de P e K, porém, recomenda-se o uso de malhas amostrais menores, que considerem a variabilidade espacial a curtas distâncias.
Pseudovaríola e estomatite papular em bovinos no Estado de Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Cargnelutti Juliana Felipetto , Santos Bethânia Silva , Lebre Sabrina das Neves , Sodré Débora Naihane Alves , Silva Rogério Mandu da , Weiblen Rudi , Flores Eduardo Furtado
Published: March 2014

Casos de doença vesicular, suspeitos de febre aftosa ou estomatite vesicular, foram acompanhados em rebanhos de cria e recria de bovinos no município de Nova Brasilândia do Oeste, região centro-sul do Estado de Rondônia, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2012. Os casos ocorreram em 13 rebanhos próximos, sendo que amostras de nove rebanhos foram submetidas ao diagnóstico laboratorial. O surto afetou 25 do total de 482 animais, a maioria com idade inferior a seis meses. Os animais apresentaram lesões papulares e vesiculares, principalmente na cavidade oral, mas também no focinho e na pele, com curso aproximado de 7 a 10 dias. Após diagnóstico negativo para febre aftosa, suabes e fragmentos de tecidos das lesões e crostas foram submetidos à pesquisa de outros vírus associados com doença vesicular: parapoxvírus bovinos, vírus da vaccínia e herpesvírus bovino tipo 2 por isolamento em cultivo celular e PCR. Amostras de animais de quatro propriedades foram positivas no PCR para o gene B2L dos parapoxvírus. Sequenciamento e análise filogenética dos produtos de PCR revelaram similaridade de nucleotídeos de 97-99% com o vírus da pseudovaríola (PCPV) em material de animais de três propriedades, e amostras de um rebanho apresentaram a mesma similaridade com o vírus da estomatite papular (BSPV). As demais amostras foram negativas para os vírus pesquisados. Esses resultados demonstram a circulação desses parapoxvírus em bovinos de Rondônia e alertam para a necessidade de diagnóstico etiológico rápido e correto para evitar e/ou abreviar as consequências de medidas restritivas em relação à febre aftosa, e também, para planejar estratégias de combate a essas infecções.
Genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from Tinamidae, Cracidae and Ramphastidae species in Brazil
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira , Ferreira Junior Francisco Carlos , Marques Marcus Vinícius Romero , Oliveira Junior Carlos Augusto , Martins Nelson Rodrigo da Silva , Lobato Francisco Carlos Faria
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to isolate, genotype and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens found in species Tinamidae, Cracidae and Ramphastidae in Brazil. C. perfringens was isolated in 13 (5%) out of 260 swab samples and five (8.3%) out of 60 stool samples. All strains were classified as C. perfringens type A, and nine (50%) were positive for the beta-2 toxin-encoding gene. No strains were positive for the necrotic enteritis toxin B-like (NetB)-encoding gene. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, metronidazole and vancomycin, whereas four (22.2%), five (27.8%) and 13 (72.2%) strains were considered resistant to erythromycin, oxytetracycline and lincomycin, respectively.
Laparoscopic-assisted treatment of pyometra associated with mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia in a cat
Authors: Colomé Lucas Marques , Kunert Filho Hiran Castagnino , Feranti João Pedro Scussel , Santos Fabiane Reginatto dos , Sartori Luana Walendorff , Brun Maurício Veloso
Published: March 2014

This paper describes a case of laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy in a female cat presenting pyometra and mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia. Using four portals, mesovarium were ligated by titanium ligature clips whereas the uterine vessels were occluded by video-assisted conventional ligatures. There were no postoperative complications. Video-assisted technique can be an alternative method for treatment of pyometra and cystic endometrial hyperplasia in female cats.
Tramadol effects on clinical variables and the mechanical nociceptive threshold in horses
Authors: Franco Leandro Guimarães , Moreno Juan Carlos Duque , Teixeira Neto Antônio Raphael , Souza Moisés Caetano e , Silva Luiz Antônio Franco da
Published: March 2014

This study assessed the clinical effects and the mechanical antinociceptive potential of intravenous (IV) tramadol in horses.A blinded and randomized study was designed with 7 horses treated with 1 (Tr1), 2 (Tr2) or 3 (Tr3) mg kg-1 of tramadol IV. The heart rate, respiratory rate (fR), arterial pressure, degree of sedation, gastrointestinal motility (GI), behavior changes and the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) were evaluated. The MNT was determined with von Frey device method.Tr3 had a significant increase in their fR and more pronounced behavioral changes than other treatments.The Tr1 showed a significant increase in arterial pressure. The GI reduced significantly, mainly in Tr2. The tramadol did not change the MNT of the horses.The clinical alterations observed with the different treatments were considered mild and transitory, being most evident in Tr2. However the tramadol did not have any analgesic effect with any of the doses evaluated.