bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-6 Production Through Repression of UBASH3A Gene via Epigenetic Dysregulation of Super-Enhancer in CD4+T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yamagata Kaoru , Nakayamada Shingo , Zhang Tong , Nguyen Phuong Anh , Ohkubo Naoyuki , Iwata Shigeru , Kato Shigeaki , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: February 2022

Background.
UBASH3A as a negative regulator of T-cell receptors (TCRs) signaling is a susceptible factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who exhibit immune dysfunction. We studied UBASH3A expression in CD4+ T cells from healthy donors and RA patients, the involvement of super-enhancer (SE) in the control of UBASH3A expression, and the contribution of UBASH3A to proinflammatory cytokine production.
Methods.
The UBASH3A mRNA and protein levels were examined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Locked nucleic acid was administered to cells to inhibit enhancer RNA (eRNA) expression. Factors recruited to UBASH3A loci displaying SE architecture were studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation. CD4+ T cells were transfected with UBASH3A plasmids, and cytokine levels were measured by cytometric bead array.
Results.
UBASH3A mRNA and protein expression was lower in CD4+ T cells from RA patients than in those from healthy donors. UBASH3A mRNA levels were reduced by eRNA_1 and eRNA_3 knockdown. In RA patients, BTB and CNC homology 2 (BACH2), the silencing transcription factor, accumulated at the UBASH3A loci in CD4+ T cells, whereas the SE-defining factor, mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1)/bromodomain 4 (BRD4), did not. However, opposite phenomena were observed in healthy donors. Although stimulation of TCRs expressed on CD4+ T cells from RA patients led to interleukin (IL)-6 production, UBASH3A over-expression significantly inhibited its production.
Conclusions.
Transcription of UBASH3A is suppressed via epigenetic regulation of SE in CD4+ T cells from RA patients. Decreased UBASH3A levels lead to excessive activation of TCR signaling, resulting in enhanced production of IL-6.
PAIP1 is a Novel Oncogene in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Nuobei , Chen Xin
Published: February 2022

Background: Poly(A)-binding protein interacting protein 1 (PAIP1) is a translational initiation regulatory factor that has been reported as oncogene in multiple malignant diseases. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the potential mechanisms underlying tumor progression have not been explored. Methods: PAIP1 expression level in HCC cell lines were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. When PAIP1 was knocked down, the proliferation and colony formation of HCC cell lines were detected by MTT and colony formation assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The volume and growth rate of the xenograft tumors were observed. The potential mechanism of PAIP1 in HCC cells was analyzed by miRNA Microarray Analysis and TargetScan analysis. Results: PAIP1 is significantly upregulated in HCC cell lines. PAIP1 knockdown dramatically inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation, induces apoptosis and alters the cell cycle profile by increasing the G2/M cell percentage. Moreover, PAIP1 knockdown significantly reduces xenograft tumorigenesis in a murine transplantation model. Bioinformatics and immunoblotting analysis reveal PAIP1 knockdown dysregulates cyclin D pathway-related proteins. Conclusion: PAIP1 functions an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Sustainable refining of vegetable oil made easy with a designer phospholipase C enzyme
Authors: Val Diego S. , Marchisio Fiorela , Nardo Luisina Di , Peiru Salvador , Aguirre Andres , Abriata Luciano A. , Palacios Luis , Rasia Rodolfo M. , Castelli Maria E. , Menzella Hugo G.
Published: February 2022

Enzymes are extraordinary catalysts and a preferred tool for green chemistry, but they have not evolved to tolerate the harsh conditions required in large scale chemical processes, making in most cases the replacement of inorganic catalysts extremely expensive. However, continuous knowledge generated by protein engineers help to realize the promise of using biocatalysts to address critical environmental and industrial challenges.The increasing demand for food and biofuels pressures the vegetable oil industry to continuously improve the manufacturing efficiency and at the same time to mitigate the environmental pollution caused by the refineries. Enzymatic degumming is a key enabling technology to obtain cleaner and more efficient methods, but advanced enzymes are needed for a widespread adoption. Here we present an enzymatic degumming process based on chPLC, a synthetic phospholipase C with remarkable thermal stability and catalytic properties. The process developed does not require modifications in current soybean oil factories, avoiding upfront investments, and is four times faster than the enzymatic processes available in the market. A techno-economic analysis predicts a ~60 % cost reduction for a base-case scenario, establishing the largely expected conditions to promote the global adoption of enzymatic oil degumming by refineries of all sizes.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the application of a synthetic enzyme designed to address an industrial need with impact in both, the global economy and the environment, in the billion-dollar range.
Interpretive Qualitative Evaluation Informs Research Participation and Advocacy Training Program for Seniors
Authors: Bay Allison A , Hackney Madeleine E , Silverstein Hayley , Hart Ariel R , Lazris David , Tian Tina , Perkins Molly M.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: This paper reports on an interpretive evaluation conducted to identify successes and weaknesses of an 8-week educational intervention co-taught by medical students and faculty that was designed to foster communication between clinicians and researchers and ultimately increase participation in clinical research by older adults, including underrepresented groups. Weekly topics focused on age-related changes and health conditions, socio-contextual factors impacting aging populations, and wellness strategies. Research Design and Methods: A post-intervention focus group was conducted with a representative group of eight older adults (mean age = 76 ± 11 years) from 51 total participants who completed the educational intervention. Participants were diverse in race, socio-economic status, education level, sex, and marital status. Results: Thematic analyses show several participants were motivated by their personal experiences to join the study and continue coming to the seminars throughout the study. While participants viewed most aspects of the study as a success and stated that it was a productive learning experience, most participants had suggestions for improvements in the program content and implementation. Specifically, the composition of and direction to small breakout groups should be carefully considered and planned in this population, and attention should be paid to delivery of sensitive topics, e.g., death, dementia. A clear main benefit of this programmatic approach is the development of rapport among participants and between participants and clinical researchers. Discussion and Implications: Results provide useful insights regarding improving participation among hard-to-reach and historically under-represented groups of older adults in clinical research. Future iterations of the DREAMS program and similar educational interventions can use these findings to improve the program and better achieve the programmatic objectives.
Predictors of Smoking Preventive Behavior based on Empowerment Components among Male Students of High Schools: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Didarloo Alireza , Sharafkhani Naser , Rezapour Baratali , Moghaddam-Tabrizi Fatemeh
Published: February 2022

Background: Smoking among adolescents and young adults is believed to be one of the most important preventable health problems. The etiology of smoking is one of the most pivotal activities in designing prevention programs. The aim of this study is to determine the correlates between components of empowerment in the context of smoking prevention in adolescents. Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 422 high school male students in Spring 2020. The data collection tool of this study was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic charectheristics, items related to various components of empowerment, and items related to the smoking preventive behavior(SPB). A linear regression model was used, where the “SPB” outcome variable assumed three possible values: Sensation Seeking, Problem-solving skills, Self-efficacy, Self-esteem, Dependence on group and Attitude towards smoking, while taking those variables reported in previous literature as independent variables.Results: The results revealed that 10.42% of the students were active smokers and 40.75% of them had the experience of smoking. The results also showed a positive and significant relation among problem-solving skill (r=0.394, P<0.001), self-efficacy (r=0.340, P<0.001), self-esteem (r=0.310, P<0.001), and attitude (r=0.333, P<0.001) with the SPB. In addition, a negative and significant correlation was observed between group dependence (r=-0.313, P<0.001) and the SPB. Overall, the components of empowerment were able to explain 26.5% of the variance in SPB. Among the components, problem-solving skills solely explained 15.5% of variance of SPB.Conclusion: The present study suggested that the findings could be useful for researchers and health planners for designing and implementing appropriate health interventions to prevent and control smoking in adolescents.
In situ Raman vibrational spectra of siderite (FeCO3) and rhodochrosite (MnCO3) up to 47 GPa and 1100 K
Authors: Wang Chao , Ren Lu’an , Walters Jesse B. , Zhang Lifei , Tao Renbiao
Published: February 2022

Siderite (FeCO3) and rhodochrosite (MnCO3) are two interesting carbonate minerals, which normally occur in hydrothermal deposits on deep-sea altered oceanic crust. Despite the ubiquity of carbonates in the slab, little is known of the physicochemical behavior of siderite and rhodochrosite at high-pressure (P) and high-temperature (T) conditions during slab subduction. In this study, we characterized the Raman vibrational spectra of natural siderite and rhodochrosite up to 47 GPa and 1100 K in an externally heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC). Experimental results show that the Raman frequency shifts (νi) for siderite and rhodochrosite are a function of both P and T, and the effect of the P-T cross derivative term cannot be neglected, especially at high-P and high-T conditions. Based on the functional relationship of νi-P-T, the P-T calibrants of siderite and rhodochrosite are developed, respectively. This is significant for studying the water-carbonate interaction at high P-T conditions in a DAC because the undesired change of the experimental system from traditional pressure sensors (e.g., ruby, quartz) in a reaction chamber can be avoided. Like previous studies, we observed a sharp spin transition at ~45 GPa in siderite and a phase transition from MnCO3-I to MnCO3-II at ~46 GPa for rhodochrosite at room temperature. Furthermore, we determined the isobaric and isothermal equivalents of the mode Grüneisen parameter (γiT, γiP) and the anharmonic parameter (ai) for each Raman mode of siderite and rhodochrosite. The δνi/δP, δνi/δT, γiT, γiP, and ai span a much larger value range for the external lattice modes (T, L) than internal modes (ν4, ν1) in both siderite and rhodochrosite. Combining Raman frequency shifts and the first-order Murnaghan equation of state, we also developed a method to calculate the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus (KT) for siderite and rhodochrosite, respectively.
Lifting the cloak of invisibility: Gold in pyrite from the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia
Authors: Ehrig Kathy , Ciobanu Cristiana L. , Verdugo-Ihl Max R. , Dmitrijeva Marija , Cook Nigel J. , Slattery Ashley
Published: February 2022

“Invisible gold” refers to gold (Au) occurring either within the lattice of a host sulfide or as discrete nanoparticles (NPs, <100 nm diameter) within a host that are only observable when imaged at very high magnifications. Previous research has regarded the physical form of invisible gold to be partially controlled by the concentration of arsenic (As) in the host sulfide, with stability fields for lattice-bound vs. Au-NPs defined by an empirical Au-As solubility curve. We undertook micrometer- and nanoscale analysis of a representative sample of As-Co-Ni-(Au)-bearing pyrite from Cu-mineralized breccias in the deeper part of the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit (South Australia) to define the location and physical form of Au and accompanying elements. Trace element geochemistry and statistical analysis show that >50% of pyrites contain measurable Au and As, and plot below the Au-As solubility curve. Au and As are geochemically associated with Te, Bi, Pb, Ag, and Sn. Primary oscillatory zoning patterns in pyrite defined by As-Co-Ni are reshaped by processes of dissolution-reprecipitation, including new nanoscale growth and rhythmical misorientation structures. Low-angle slip dislocations, twist-wall boundaries and deformation-dipole nanostructures are associated with Te-Bi-Pb-enrichment and host Au-Ag-telluride nanoparticles (NPs). Electrum NPs occur associated with pores coated by Bi-Ag-tellurides or within chalcopyrite particles. Bi-Pb-sulfotellurides, petzite, and sylvanite were identified by atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy. The data support trace element (re)mobilization during pyrite deformation at the brittle to ductile transition (0.5–1 kbar, 300–400 °C) during brecciation. Au-NP formation is decoupled from initial As incorporation in pyrite and instead fingerprints formation of strain-induced, chalcogen-enriched nanoscale structures. Pore-attached NPs suggest scavenging of Au by Bi-bearing melts with higher rates of fluid percolation. Similar scenarios are predictable for pyrite-hosted “invisible Au” in pyrite from other deposits that experienced multiple overprints. Unveiling the cloak of invisibility using contemporary micro- to nano-analytical techniques reveals new layers of complexity with respect to the trace/minor element incorporation in mineral matrices and their subsequent release during overprinting.
RH e Estratégia – Vantagem Competitiva Real ou Apenas Discurso?
Authors: Da Silva Carla Diniz dos Santos , Moraes Ana Beatriz
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo teve como objetivo compreender como é considerado o capital humano na formulação e implantação da estratégia e como estão utilizando esse recurso para gerar vantagem competitiva nas organizações sob a ótica dos CEOs. A sustentação teórica desse trabalho deu-se considerando a Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) como a teoria estratégica que melhor fundamentou o desenvolvimento dos estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre RH como agente criador de vantagem competitiva para a firma, conforme os trabalhos de Barney (1991), Wright McMahan (1992) e Teece, Pisano, Shuen (1997). Esse estudo qualitativo é de caráter exploratório e foi conduzido por entrevistas em profundidade para emergir significado dado pelos entrevistados a partir de suas experiências, de forma a orientar a direção a ser tomada na análise do conteúdo obtido. Os dados foram coletados junto a 7 CEOs de empresas participantes da pesquisa de Gente e Gestão de 2018, conduzida pela consultoria Visagio e que ficaram dentre as 10 com maior maturidade nos processos de RH, segundo a pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram que os CEOs consideram o capital humano, a cultura, as práticas de RH, o engajamento dos empregados e a gestão do conhecimento como fontes de vantagem competitiva, permitindo assim um espaço estratégico para o RH nas organizações.
Influência de Fatores Individuais de Auditores Independentes no Comportamento Disfuncional na Auditoria
Authors: Haveroth Juçara , Silva Alini Da , Cunha Paulo Roberto da , Sant´Ana Camila Freitas
Published: February 2022

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a influência de fatores individuais de auditores independentes no comportamento disfuncional na auditoria. Trata-se de uma pesquisa survey, descritiva e quantitativa. A amostra da pesquisa compreendeu 84 auditores, sócios e assistentes de auditoria, vinculados as Firmas Big Four de auditoria da região sul do Brasil. A análise dos dados estabeleceu-se por meio de estatísticas descritivas e Análise de Trajetórias (Path Analysis). A partir dos resultados, constatou-se que a autoavaliação de desempenho do auditor independente, como variável mediadora, incrementa a influência negativa do lócus de controle interno do auditor no comportamento disfuncional na auditoria, porém não media a influência do lócus de controle externo no comportamento disfuncional. O comprometimento organizacional do auditor não se apresentou como mediadora da influência, do lócus de controle externo e interno no comportamento disfuncional. Conclui-se que os fatores individuais de auditores independentes das firmas Big Four da região sul do Brasil influenciam a aceitação do comportamento disfuncional na auditoria, podendo surtir em pressão no orçamento de tempo de auditorias futuras, não aplicação de testes substantivos, impactando em modificações no planejamento da auditoria.
Characterizing water quality datasets through multi-dimensional knowledge graphs: a case study of the Bogota river basin
Authors: Rondón Díaz Juan D. , Vilches-Blázquez Luis M.
Published: February 2022

The world is transforming into a predominantly urban space, meaning that cities have to be ready to provide services, for instance, to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. In this scenario, the water quality evaluation has a crucial role and often needs multiple sources segregated. Our purpose is to build bridges between these data silos to provide an integrated and interoperable view, where different datasets can be provided and combined through knowledge graphs in order to characterize water quality. This work shows the quality of the Bogota river basin's water bodies by analyzing physicochemical and biological properties using spatio-temporal and legal elements. So, our knowledge graphs allow us to discover what, when, and where infractions happened on water quality in a river basin of the most populated cities of Latin America during a critical period (2007–2013), highlighting the presence of high values of suspended solids and nitrites, lower amounts of dissolved oxygen, and the worst water quality during the driest periods (appearing until a maximum of 63 infractions in a year).
Efficient job list creation for long-term statistical modelling of combined sewer overflows
Authors: Allen Kiara Marie , Mollerup Ane Loft , Rasmussen Søren Feilberg , Sørup Hjalte Jomo Danielsen
Published: February 2022

The modelling of urban drainage systems is an important aspect of their design process and long-term statistical modelling using historical rain series is commonly used. The objective of this study is to determine whether logistic regression models that use rainfall event statistics can be a viable alternative to create job lists with fewer extraneous events. Two methods are used to develop a regression model; both use iterative stepwise algorithms to select the rain variables to include and both perform similarly. The resulting model is able to capture ∼90% of the relevant events with ∼50% fewer jobs compared to the reference job list. The results suggest that there is no right threshold to use, but instead this methodology facilitates balancing the number of jobs with the desired level of precision of the results. In all cases, it is possible to greatly decrease the number of jobs that need to be run. The methodology works relatively well on different nodes in the system, though node characteristics appear to impact the amount of CSOs captured.
Study on the cross-flow ultrafiltration of mixtures of macromolecular organic and inorganic salts
Authors: Xu Tingting , Song Jie , Xiu Guangli
Published: February 2022

Ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely applied to water treatment in the past few decades, but severe membrane fouling is one of the most significant obstacles for its further development. In reality, the constituents of feed water are complex, and the fouling behavior could be different from that induced by a single foulant. In this study, the membrane fouling induced by mixed organic foulant (sodium alginate, SA) and inorganic ions under various conditions were investigated. The effects of ion concentration and valence on the combined fouling as well as the rejection performance were examined. The results showed that compared to SA alone, the presence of inorganic ions could aggravate the organic fouling of UF membranes significantly. The fouling became more severe as the ion concentration increased. Also, ions with higher valence tended to exacerbate the fouling compared with monovalent ions. It was also found that the existence of inorganic ions had negligible effects on the rejection of organic molecules, however, the rejection of salts can be improved because of the organic matter. In addition, the analysis of the classic fouling models showed that the complete blocking model is the main fouling mechanism of the mixed SA and inorganic salts.
Flow field characterization between vertical plate electrodes in a bench-scale cell of electrochemical water softening
Authors: Chen Qi , Lin Wei , Wang Zhonghao , Yu Jiuyang , Li Jimin , Wang Zhangwei
Published: February 2022

To analyze the effect of flow characteristics on electrochemical water softening, characteristics of flow fields in the vicinity of vertical plate electrodes in a bench-scale electrolysis cell for electrochemical water softening were visualized using particle image velocimetry technology, and the hardness drop values under different process conditions were measured. Properly increasing the current density or reducing the electrode spacing can increase the average flow velocity in the electrode gap. Excessive current density will cause bubble accumulation, form a bubble vortex, interfere with the orderly flow of surrounding liquid and reduce mass transfer efficiency. When the electrode spacing is 120 mm, the highest water softening efficiency measured at the current density of 60 A/m2 is 16.56%. When the current density is 50 A/m2, the highest average speed measured at the electrode spacing of 60 mm is 0.00169 m/s, but the highest water softening efficiency measured at the electrode spacing of 90 mm is 23.3%.The circulation efficiency in the electrode gap of a semi-closed structure is lower than that of a free convection structure. The behavior of bubbles is the key to flow and mass transfer. It is important to consider its influence on bubble behavior when optimizing electrochemical parameters.
Current Perspective in Cancer Theranostics Based on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Chatterjee Sobhan , Liang Feng
Published: February 2022

The growth of nanotechnology has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of diseases with high precision
and effectiveness. Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a major point of attention in the scientific field, with an increasing
number of studies revealing promising results. The unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and highly
developed chemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have promoted breakthroughs in the cancer community,
focusing on the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of cancer diagnosis and treatment. This perspective aims to
summarize the latest research on multifunctional AuNPs as therapeutic, diagnostic agents in cancer diagnosis and
treatment. Several nanostructured hybrid AuNPs have been reviewed, and their applications in imaging, targeting,
therapy, and delivery have been discussed.
Practical Application of Rodent Transporter Knockout Models to Assess
Brain Penetration in Drug Discovery
Authors: Eneberg Elin , Jones Christopher R. , Jensen Thomas , Langthaler Kristine , Bundgaard Christoffer
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective:

Compound X is a drug candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative
diseases. Its brain distribution was evaluated as part of the lead identification and
optimization activities undertaken in early drug discovery.

Methods:

The brain distribution of compound X was studied in genetic transporter knockout rodent
models, in vivo models with a chemical inhibitor, and in vitro transporter cell systems.

Results:

Compound X was found to be a substrate for human Breast Cancer-Resistance Protein
(BCRP) in vitro (efflux ratio 8.1) and rodent Bcrp in vivo (Kp, uuKO/Kp, uuWT = 0.15/0.057 =
2.7, p< 0.05) but not a substrate for human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vitro (efflux ratio 1.0) nor
rodent P-gp in vivo (Kp, uuKO/Kp, uuWT = 0.056/ 0.051 = 1.1, p> 0.05). When both transporters
were knocked out in vivo, Kp, uu increased to 0.51±0.02. A similar pattern observed across compounds
with related chemistry corroborating the structure-activity relationship.

Conclusion:

While in vitro assays showed compound X to be a substrate for human BCRP and not
P-gp, in vivo studies indicated a synergistic effect between rodent efflux transporters. However,
this only accounted for ~50% of restricted BBB-transport, suggesting involvement of other efflux
transporters. Considering Kp, uu as a key criterion for assessing the technical quality of CNS candidates
before progression into clinical development, it is important to identify relevant screening
assays for a better understanding of low Kp, uu and brain distribution in pre-clinical models for
translation to humans.
Long-term Changes in the Premature Death Rate in Lung Cancer in a Developed Region of China: Population-based Study
Authors: Ye Wenjing , Lu Weiwei , Li Xiaopan , Chen Yichen , Wang Lin , Zeng Guangwang , Xu Cheng , Ji Chen , Cai Yuyang , Yang Ling , Luo Zheng
Published: February 2022

Background

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence shows an upward trend. A study of the long-term changes in the premature death rate in lung cancer in a developed region of China has great exploratory significance to further clarify the effectiveness of intervention measures.

Objective

This study examined long-term changes in premature lung cancer death rates in order to understand the changes in mortality and to design future prevention plans in Pudong New Area (PNA), Shanghai, China.

Methods

Cancer death data were collected from the Mortality Registration System of PNA. We analyzed the crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate by Segi’s world standard population (ASMRW), and years of life lost (YLL) of patients with lung cancer from 1973 to 2019. Temporal trends in the CMR, ASMRW, and YLL rate were calculated by joinpoint regression expressed as an average annual percentage change (AAPC) with the corresponding 95% CI.

Results

All registered permanent residents in PNA (80,543,137 person-years) from 1973 to 2019 were enrolled in this study. There were 42,229 deaths from lung cancer. The CMR and ASMRW were 52.43/105 and 27.79/105 person-years, respectively. The YLL due to premature death from lung cancer was 481779.14 years, and the YLL rate was 598.16/105 person-years. The CMR and YLL rate showed significantly increasing trends in men, women, and the total population (P<.001). The CMR of the total population increased by 2.86% (95% CI 2.66-3.07, P<.001) per year during the study period. The YLL rate increased with an AAPC of 2.21% (95% CI 1.92-2.51, P<.001) per year. The contribution rates of increased CMR values caused by demographic factors were more evident than those caused by nondemographic factors.

Conclusions

Lung cancer deaths showed an increasing trend in PNA from 1973 to 2019. Demographic factors, such as the aging population, contributed more to an increased CMR. Our research can help us understand the changes in lung cancer mortality and can be used for similar cities in designing future prevention plans.
Integrating Multiple Inputs Into an Artificial Pancreas System: Narrative Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Hettiarachchi Chirath , Daskalaki Elena , Desborough Jane , Nolan Christopher J , O’Neal David , Suominen Hanna
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which a deficiency in insulin production impairs the glucose homeostasis of the body. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin is a commonly used treatment method. Artificial pancreas systems (APS) use continuous glucose level monitoring and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin in a closed-loop mode incorporating a controller (or control algorithm). However, the operation of APS is challenging because of complexities arising during meals, exercise, stress, sleep, illnesses, glucose sensing and insulin action delays, and the cognitive burden. To overcome these challenges, options to augment APS through integration of additional inputs, creating multi-input APS (MAPS), are being investigated.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this survey is to identify and analyze input data, control architectures, and validation methods of MAPS to better understand the complexities and current state of such systems. This is expected to be valuable in developing improved systems to enhance the quality of life of people with T1D.

METHODS

A literature survey was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases for the period January 1, 2005, to February 10, 2020. On the basis of the search criteria, 1092 articles were initially shortlisted, of which 11 (1.01%) were selected for an in-depth narrative analysis. In addition, 6 clinical studies associated with the selected studies were also analyzed.

RESULTS

Signals such as heart rate, accelerometer readings, energy expenditure, and galvanic skin response captured by wearable devices were the most frequently used additional inputs. The use of invasive (blood or other body fluid analytes) inputs such as lactate and adrenaline were also simulated. These inputs were incorporated to switch the mode of the controller through activity detection, directly incorporated for decision-making and for the development of intermediate modules for the controller. The validation of the MAPS was carried out through the use of simulators based on different physiological models and clinical trials.

CONCLUSIONS

The integration of additional physiological signals with continuous glucose level monitoring has the potential to optimize glucose control in people with T1D through addressing the identified limitations of APS. Most of the identified additional inputs are related to wearable devices. The rapid growth in wearable technologies can be seen as a key motivator regarding MAPS. However, it is important to further evaluate the practical complexities and psychosocial aspects associated with such systems in real life.
Information Technology and the Quality and Efficiency of Mental Healthcare in a time of COVID-19: A Case Study of Mental Health providers in England (Preprint)
Authors: Konteh Fred Hassan , Mannion Russell , Jacobs Rowena
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

In England, as elsewhere, COVID-19 has significantly affected mental health care and tested the resilience of providers. In many areas, the increased use of information and digital technology has enabled traditional modes of service delivery to be supported or even replaced by remote forms of provision.

OBJECTIVE

We assessed the use and impact of information and digital technology on the quality and efficiency of mental health service provision during the pandemic. We drew on socio-technical systems (STS) theory as a conceptual framework to help structure data gathering, analysis and interpretation.

METHODS

We undertook a national scoping study which involved documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with six national stakeholders and case studies of four purposefully selected mental health providers in England involving interviews with 53 staff

RESULTS

Following the outbreak of COVID-19 mental health providers rapidly adjusted their traditional forms of service delivery, switching to digital and telephone consultations for most services. Informants provided nuanced perspectives regarding the impact on quality and efficiency of enhanced digital and telephone service delivery during the pandemic. Notably, it has allowed providers to attend to as many patients as possible in the face of COVID-19 restrictions, to the convenience of both patients and staff. Chief among its downsides are concerns around the unsuitability of remote consultation for some people with mental health conditions and a digital divide/poverty exacerbating existing inequalities. STS theory was found to be a suitable framework for understanding the range of systemic and sociotechnical factors which influence the use of technology and shape mental health care delivery in times of crisis and normalcy.

CONCLUSIONS

While the use of information technology (IT) has boosted mental health care delivery during the pandemic, it has had mixed effects on quality and efficiency. In general, patients have benefited from the convenience of remote consultation when face-to-face contact was impossible. On the other hand patient choice was often compromised and patient experience/outcomes might have been affected for some people with mental health conditions for which remote consultation is less suitable. Yet, the full impact of IT on the quality and efficiency of mental health care provision along with the systemic and sociotechnical determinants requires further and more sustained research.
Molecular docking study of Indonesian phytochemicals as inhibitor of 6-HB formation by binding to HR1 subunit of SARSCOV-2 S2 protein
Authors: Julianus Jeffry , Phebe Hendra  , Maywan Hariono  , Nico Frederick  , Satrio Ardyantoro  , Mustofa  , Jumina
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still as global pandemic. No officially drugs to treat COVID-19 are available until now. Increasing number of patients and deaths trigger new antiCOVID-19 discovery efforts. In this study, we have conducted in silico screening employing molecular docking for Indonesian phytochemicals. Docking process was performed by employing AutoDock4 software on crystal structure 6VSB. Based on molecular docking results, several compounds had potential as antiCOVID-19 drugs, such as β-carotene, veramiline, ecliptalbine, betulinic acid, and lupeol. β-carotene was the most potential compound to treat COVID-19.
The Supreme Being (God) and Man: Who Is to Blame for Bad Destiny?
Authors: Talabi Joseph Moyinoluwa , Odejide Olumide , Akinsanya Extradallenum Olusegun , Akitoye Olubunmi Oluyemi
Published: February 2022

In Yoruba traditional thought, human destiny has a mysterious power that controls human events. It is believed that every person has their life history before coming to the world. This implies that anything one does is not something done out of free will is done in fulfillment of a preordained or preordained sequence of events. However, Yoruba has such a controversial understanding of the meaning, nature, relevance and reality of the concept of destiny (ayanmo), which has long elicited philosophical interest. While various metaphysical interpretations have been given for this issue, it could be said that most of these interpretations may be seen in four forms: fatalism, predestination, soft-determinism and hard-determinism. However, less emphasis has been placed on man’s free will in determining destiny. Who is to be blamed for bad destiny between the Supreme Being (Olodumare) and man was not completely resolved. Therefore, this paper re-examines who is responsible for the bad destiny suffered by man, between God and Man. Having used critical analysis, this paper argues that in the light of human moral responsibility, character, afterlife, justice andjudgment, there is a shared responsibility between Supreme Being (God) and the man on the bad destiny suffered by man.
Microbiological and ultrastructural evaluation of bacteriophage 191219 against planktonic, intracellular and biofilm infection with Staphylococcus aureus
Authors:   Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, Mannala GK , Rupp M , Walter N , Brunotte M , Alagboso F , Docheva D , Brochhausen C , Alt V
Published: February 2022

Infections of orthopaedic implants, such as fracture fixation devices and total-joint prostheses, are devastating complications. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a predominant pathogen causing orthopaedic-implant biofilm infections that can also internalise and persist in osteoblasts, thus resisting antibiotic therapy. Bacteriophages are a promising alternative treatment approach. However, data on the activity of bacteriophages against S. aureus, especially during intracellular growth, and against in vivo biofilm formation on metals are scarce. Therefore, the present study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of S. aureus bacteriophage 191219, alone as well as in combination with gentamicin and rifampicin, to eradicate S. aureus strains in their planktonic stage, during biofilm formation and after internalisation into osteoblasts. Further, the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella was used to assess the activity of the bacteriophage against S. aureus biofilm on metal implants with and without antibiotics. Results demonstrated the in vitro efficacy of bacteriophage 191219 against planktonic S. aureus. The phage was also effective against in vitro S. aureus biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner and against S. aureus internalised in an osteoblastic cell line. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed bacteriophages on S. aureus inside the osteoblasts, with the destruction of the intracellular bacteria and formation of new bacteriophages. For the Galleria mellonella infection model, single administration of phage 191219 failed to show an improvement in survival rate but appeared to show a not statistically significant enhanced effect with gentamicin or rifampicin. In summary, bacteriophages could be a potential adjuvant treatment strategy for patients with implant-associated biofilm infections.
Design and Analysis of Automated Pneumatic Door System
Authors: Gayathri Dr. N. , Manjunathan R. , Akash M. , Kumar S. Barath , Bharathi P.
Published: February 2022

Abstract: This new feature deals with the actuating of the bus doors automatically using advanced timers, relays & specialized microprocessors to assist the driver to close these doors without closing in on the passengers effectively trapping them between powerful pneumatic doors as opposed with the existing manually operated technology where these accidents are prevailing as happenstance all-around and the country and the driver has to react to it manually, after realizing what is happening to their passenger because of a seemingly extenuated problem. Thus adding this piece of hardware to an existing component not only improves safety and assurance to property and personnel but takes off one more thing the driver has to worry about extensively while driving a multi axle vehicle carrying more than fifty passengers. This also allows passengers to have more feasible egress during an event of any emergencies including but not limited to smokes, collisions etc. After many avenues of analysis it is submitted for the future reference and use of next generation vehicles. Keywords: pneumatic cylinder, solenoid valve, microcontroller
Towards local testability for quantum coding
Authors: Leverrier Anthony , Londe Vivien , Zémor Gilles
Published: February 2022

We introduce the hemicubic codes, a family of quantum codes obtained by associating qubits with the p-faces of the n-cube (for n>p) and stabilizer constraints with faces of dimension (p±1). The quantum code obtained by identifying antipodal faces of the resulting complex encodes one logical qubit into N=2n−p−1(np) physical qubits and displays local testability with a soundness of Ω(1/log⁡(N)) beating the current state-of-the-art of 1/log2⁡(N) due to Hastings. We exploit this local testability to devise an efficient decoding algorithm that corrects arbitrary errors of size less than the minimum distance, up to polylog factors.We then extend this code family by considering the quotient of the n-cube by arbitrary linear classical codes of length n. We establish the parameters of these generalized hemicubic codes. Interestingly, if the soundness of the hemicubic code could be shown to be constant, similarly to the ordinary n-cube, then the generalized hemicubic codes could yield quantum locally testable codes of length not exceeding an exponential or even polynomial function of the code dimension.
Speaking ‘Literacy’ To Power. Reflections on Brian Street’s Contributions to Enriching Feminist Adult Literacy Praxis
Authors: Ghose Malini
Published: February 2022

This short reflective piece draws on my interactions with Brian Street from the time we worked together on the LETTER project – an action-research project that introduced adult literacy facilitators to ethnographic research methods in 2005-2006 – and more recent insights from my conversations with facilitators who had participated in the LETTER project.
Sleep Disturbance and Changes in Energy Intake and Body Composition During Weight Loss in the POUNDS Lost Trial
Authors: Li Ang , Li Xiang , Zhou Tao , Ma Hao , Heianza Yoriko , Williamson Donald A. , Smith Steven R. , Bray George A. , Sacks Frank M. , Qi Lu
Published: February 2022

To examine associations between sleep disturbance and changes in weight and body composition and the mediating role of changes of appetite and food cravings in the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) 2-year weight-loss diet intervention trial, this study included 810 overweight or obese individuals with baseline sleep disturbance assessment who were randomly assigned one of four diets varying in macronutrient composition. Changes in body weight and fat distribution were assessed by DEXA and computed tomography during the 2-year intervention. Participants were asked to provide sleep disturbance levels (no, slight, moderate, or great) at baseline and to recall their sleep disturbances since last visit at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Weight loss during the first 6 months was followed by 1.5 years of steady weight regain. Participants with greater sleep disturbance from baseline to 6 months showed significant losses of body weight (Ptrend <0.001) and waist circumference (Ptrend = 0.002) at 6 months, after multivariate adjustment. Compared with individuals without sleep disturbance at all from baseline to 6 months, those with slight, moderate, or great sleep disturbance showed an elevated risk of failure to lose weight (−5% or more loss) at 6 months, when the maximum weight loss was achieved, with an odds ratio of 1.24 (95% CI 0.87, 1.78), 1.27 (95% CI 0.75, 2.13), or 3.12 (95% CI 1.61, 6.03), respectively. In addition, we observed that the repeatedly measured levels of sleep disturbance over 2 years were inversely associated with the overall weight loss rate (weight changes per 6 months) (Ptrend <0.001). Further, sleep disturbances during weight loss from baseline to 6 months and weight regain from 6 months to 24 months were significantly predictive of total fat, total fat mass percent, and trunk fat percent changes during the 2 years. Our results also indicated that food cravings for carbohydrates/starches, fast food fats, and sweets; cravings, prospective consumption, hunger of appetite measurements; and dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger subscales measured at 6 months significantly mediated the effects of sleep disturbance on weight loss. In conclusion, our results suggested that more severe sleep disturbance during weight loss was associated with an elevated risk of failure to lose weight during the dietary intervention. Food cravings and eating behaviors may partly mediate these associations.
Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in U.S. Patients With COVID-19: Data From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Database
Authors: Wong Rachel , Hall Margaret , Vaddavalli Rohith , Anand Adit , Arora Neha , Bramante Carolyn T. , Garcia Victor , Johnson Steven , Saltz Mary , Tronieri Jena S. , Yoo Yun Jae , Buse John B. , Saltz Joel , Miller Joshua , Moffitt Richard ,   on behalf of the N3C Consortium, Bennett Tellen , Casiraghi Elena , Chute Christopher , DeWitt Peter , Evans Michael , Gersing Kenneth , Girvin Andrew , Haendel Melissa , Harper Jeremy , Hajagos Janos , Hong Stephanie , Huling Jared , Pfaff Emily , Reusch Jane , Sturmer Til , Wilkins Kenneth , Wooldridge Jacob
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with acute COVID-19 infection.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective study using observational data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a longitudinal, multicenter U.S. cohort of patients with COVID-19 infection. Patients were ≥18 years old with T2D and confirmed COVID-19 infection by laboratory testing or diagnosis code. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality following the date of COVID-19 diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included need for invasive ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), hospitalization within 7 days before or 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, and length of stay (LOS) for patients who were hospitalized.

RESULTS

The study included 39,616 patients (50.9% female, 55.4% White, 26.4% Black or African American, and 16.1% Hispanic or Latino, with mean ± SD age 62.1 ± 13.9 years and mean ± SD HbA1c 7.6% ± 2.0). There was an increasing risk of hospitalization with incrementally higher HbA1c levels, but risk of death plateaued at HbA1c >8%, and risk of invasive ventilation or ECMO plateaued >9%. There was no significant difference in LOS across HbA1c levels.

CONCLUSIONS

In a large, multicenter cohort of patients in the U.S. with T2D and COVID-19 infection, risk of hospitalization increased with incrementally higher HbA1c levels. Risk of death and invasive ventilation also increased but plateaued at different levels of glycemic control.