bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using experiential learning to create an inclusive classroom, promote equity, and develop professional identity
Authors: Gibbs Tianna N.
Published: October 2022

This Article outlines a pedagogical approach that uses experiential learning to create an inclusive family law classroom, promote equity, and prepare students for law practice through the development of knowledge, skills, and professional identity. The Article describes and analyzes a series of in‐class exercises I designed to teach third party custody doctrine and build multiple foundational lawyering skills—such as statutory interpretation, client interviewing, client‐centered lawyering, and oral advocacy—in a single class session. The class is comprised of highly interactive, short exercises that require students to apply, analyze, and evaluate the legal doctrine. Although I developed the exercises as a series of learning activities for a single clinic seminar session, they can be used in any combination in one or more classes in doctrinal, experiential, and clinical courses that focus on or include family law. Faculty can incorporate these experiential exercises into a course effectively and efficiently without a complete overhaul of the course design, and regardless of the length of class sessions.
Student response systems in the family law classroom
Authors: Haksgaard Hannah
Published: October 2022

This pedagogy article provides advice for Family Law professors about using student response systems. Although the included problem sets are specific to Family Law, the advice about using student response systems is applicable to all law professors. This article includes practical advice for any law professor who teaches Gen Z students, has a HyFlex course, or needs to engage in formative assessment.
If these blackboards could talk 2: The Fem‐Crit classroom
Authors: Rosario Lebrón Aníbal
Published: October 2022

In this article, I explain how I came to redefine my teaching philosophy as Fem‐Crit to ensure that I train students in gender‐conscious lawyering. First, I discuss how even though Crits' and Feminists' pedagogical approaches focus on breaking down hierarchies in the law, Crit pedagogies can remain male‐constructed and privileged, especially for cis‐man professors like myself. Recognizing these shortcomings, I highlight the importance of labeling my teaching as Fem‐Crit as a self‐accountability measure. Departing from this understanding, I revisit my conclusion from a previous article that the law school classroom should be a battlefield and recognize that a Fem‐Crit formulation of the classroom encompasses more than conflict and it also includes meeting conflict with anti‐subordination responses. I follow with my reflections on the challenges, methods, and experiences in socializing students to become Fem‐Crit lawyers. In that part, I discuss how each of the tenets that I had previously identified as core components of a Crit classroom should look for a Fem‐Crit professor. I conclude my reflection by sharing how Fem‐Crit pedagogy has led me to believe that this didactic practice ultimately entails bringing activism into the classroom and the classroom into activism.
Family law with skills ten years later: Experiential education in the introductory family law course
Authors: Schepard Andrew
Published: October 2022

Hofstra's Law School's Family Law with Skills Course (FLWS) incorporates experiential education into an introductory family law course. This article describes FLWS' recent experiential curricular innovations: (1) a transition to online learning; (2) the Navigator Program in which students provide legal information (in contrast to legal advice) to self‐represented litigants in divorce actions; (3) a forum with leadership from the divorce bar nationwide that introduces law students to the nature and future of family law practice; and (4) a divorce representation simulation in which law students counsel a client with consulting help from a psychologist, asset valuator and dispute resolution expert. This article describes the contribution each of these innovations makes to the education of family law students and how they are organized. It concludes that experiential education should be part of the education of future family lawyers in the interests of improving the quality of the representation they provide and their commitment to the field.
Histopathologically defined intestinal metaplasia in lesser curvature of corpus prior to Helicobacter pylori eradication is a risk factor for gastric cancer development
Authors: Hara Daichi , Okamura Takuma , Iwaya Yugo , Nagaya Tadanobu , Ota Hiroyoshi , Umemura Takeji
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

Helicobacter pylori eradication has been shown to reduce the risk of gastric cancer (GC), with the number of eradication therapy cases on the rise. However, GC can still occur after successful treatment, and the histological differences prior to eradication in patients with and without GC are unclear. This study investigated the pre‐treatment histological risk factors for GC development following eradication therapy.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled consecutive adult patients diagnosed as having H. pylori infection between April 2004 and December 2018. Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) were histologically assessed according to the updated Sydney System. The operative link on gastritis assessment and the operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia (OLGIM) were evaluated as well.

Results

Of the 247 patients analyzed in this study, 11 (4.5%) experienced GC after eradication therapy. Histological IM scores in the GC group were significantly higher at all gastric biopsy sites (p < .05), and the proportion of OLGIM III/IV stage was significantly greater in GC patients (81.8% vs. 31.8%, p < .01). For GC prediction, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for IM score at the lesser curvature of the corpus was the highest among all biopsy sites and not inferior to OLGIM results.

Conclusions

Patients with histological IM prior to H. pylori eradication, especially at the lesser curvature of the corpus, may be at elevated risk for GC development after eradication therapy and require close surveillance.
Commentary: The potential of sleep research to contribute to our understanding on antisocial behaviour – a reflection on Brown, Beardslee, Frick, Steinberg and Cauffman (2022)
Authors: Rowe Richard
Published: October 2022

A growing body of work indicates that sleep problems are associated with antisocial behaviour in young people. This opens up the opportunity for interventions that improve sleep to reduce antisocial behaviour. Brown et al. (2022) provide important new leads that can help to target interventions, highlighting that the relationship may be most relevant to aggressive offending and that it is consistent across adolescence and young adulthood. The within‐individual design adopted in this study has a number of methodological strengths. This commentary evaluates the effectiveness of the approach in terms of accounting for confounding effects and addressing temporal ordering. Directions for future research to build on the target paper are considered.
To self or not to self? Absence of mate choice despite costly outcrossing in the fungus Podospora anserina
Authors: Martinossi‐Allibert Ivain , Ament‐Velásquez Sandra Lorena , Saupe Sven J. , Johannesson Hanna
Published: October 2022

Fungi have a large potential for flexibility in their mode of sexual reproduction, resulting in mating systems ranging from haploid selfing to outcrossing. However, we know little about which mating strategies are used in nature, and why, even in well‐studied model organisms. Here, we explored the fitness consequences of alternative mating strategies in the ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina. We measured and compared fitness proxies of nine genotypes in either diploid selfing or outcrossing events, over two generations, and with or without environmental stress. We showed that fitness was consistently lower in outcrossing events, irrespective of the environment. The cost of outcrossing was partly attributed to non‐self recognition genes with pleiotropic effects on fertility. We then predicted that when presented with options to either self or outcross, individuals would perform mate choice in favour of the reproductive strategy that yields higher fitness. Contrary to our prediction, individuals did not seem to avoid outcrossing when a choice was offered, in spite of the fitness cost incurred. Our results suggest that, although functionally diploid, P. anserina does not benefit from outcrossing in most cases. We outline different explanations for the apparent lack of mate choice in face of high fitness costs associated with outcrossing, including a new perspective on the pleiotropic effect of non‐self recognition genes.
First record of Boulenger's anthias Sacura boulengeri (Heemstra 1973) in the Red Sea
Authors: Nunes Peinemann Viktor , Pombo‐Ayora Lucía , Cochran Jesse E. M. , Marchese Fabio , Chimienti Giovanni , Rodrigue Mattie , Eweida Ameer A. , Marshall Paul A. , Benzoni Francesca , Berumen Michael L.
Published: October 2022

In November 2020, we observed several individuals and collected one juvenile of an unidentified anthiadine fish (Serranidae) between depths of 250 and 307 m near vertical walls of rocky reefs in the northern Red Sea. Further morphological and molecular analyses revealed that the collected specimen matches Sacura boulengeri, a species previously reported only from the Gulf of Oman to India.
Flux decline and fouling analysis in reverse osmosis of watermelon juice
Authors: Lai Quoc Dat , Doan Ngoc Thuc Trinh , Nguyen Hoang Dung
Published: October 2022

In this article, the concentration of watermelon juice by HR98PP membrane was investigated at 30 and 40 bar of operating pressure. The semi‐empirical model of permeate flux was determined. The predominant fouling mechanism in the concentration was found to be complete blocking by Hermia's model. Recovery yield and content of total solid, lycopene and antioxidant capacity in concentrate was analyzed. Results indicated that, concentration of watermelon juice by HR98PP at 40 bar exhibited the higher effectiveness than that at 30 bar. At 40 bar and 2.25 of CF, contents of total sugar (TS), lycopene, and antioxidant capacity in concentrate were 171.31 g/L, 83.9 mg/L, and 124.74 mg TEAC/L, respectively. Recovery yields of TS, lycopene, and antioxidant capacity in concentrate were 98.67%, 90.03%, and 82.39%, respectively. Maximum CF value of concentration at 40 bar of operating pressure was 2.64. The mathematical model was built for estimation of the change in contents of lycopene and TS versus time. Maximum theoretical content of lycopene and TS at 40 bar were estimated as 185 mg/L and 341 g/L, respectively. The cleaning procedure with NaOH solution at pH 10 could fully recovery permeate flux after the concentration. Results imply that, concentration of watermelon juice by HR98PP was feasible.

Practical Applications

RO filtration is a method that is commonly used for concentration of fruit juice. In this study, the watermelon juice was concentrated with RO to increase concentration of substances. This solution can be applied in factories producing concentrated juice, fruit powder. Operating pressure and models have been evaluated. Fouling mechanism and flux model have also been researched. From the mathematical model studies, influence of process parameters on the concentration process and operating time were derived which will be helpful to apply and scale‐up in industry.
GPRASP1 is a candidate anti‐oncogene and correlates with immune microenvironment and immunotherapeutic efficiency in head and neck cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Genglong , Zhang Juan , Chen Shuaijun , Deng Zeyi , Xie Minqiang
Published: October 2022

Background

G‐protein‐coupled receptor‐associated sorting protein 1 (GPRASP1) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, GPRASP1 specific role has not been clarified in head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods

HNC RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) datasets, DNA methylation data, somatic mutation data, copy number variation (CNV) data, and corresponding clinicopathologic information were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. A comprehensive evaluation was performed to explore the relationship of GPRASP1 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics, CNV, and DNA methylation. Additionally, we employed HNC tissue microarray (TMA) to further confirm the relation between GPRASP1 expression and clinical features. Then, we systematically associated the GPRASP1 with immunological properties from numerous perspectives, such as immune cell infiltration, immune‐related pathways, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immunomodulators, immunogenicity, and immunotherapy.

Results

Analyzing TCGA, GEO, and TMA datasets, GPRASP1 is significantly down‐regulated in HNC compared to normal tissues. The expression of GPRASP1 is significantly negatively correlated with clinical features (perineural invasion, histologic grade, T stage, and TNM stage), and is an independent predictor of favorable prognosis, regardless of other clinicopathological features (HR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.20–0.91, p = 0.028). The etiological investigation found that the abnormal expression of GPRASP1 was related to DNA methylation, not CMV. Subsequently, the high expression of GPRASP1 was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration (CD8+ T cell, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte), immune‐related pathways (cytolytic activity, check‐point, human leukocyte antigen), ICIs (CTLA4, HAVCR2, LAG3, PDCD1, and TIGIT), immunomodulators (CCR4/5, CXCL9, CXCR3/4/5), and immunogenicity (immune score, neoantigen, tumor mutation burden). Finally, immunophenoscore and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion analysis demonstrated that GPRASP1 expression levels can accurately predict the immunotherapeutic response.

Conclusion

GPRASP1 is a promising candidate biomarker that plays a role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of HNC. Evaluating GPRASP1 expression will aid in the characterization of tumor microenvironment infiltration and orient more efficient immunotherapy strategies.
Uses of Health Care System Medical Care Services by Athletes After Injury at the High School Level
Authors: Bullock Garrett S. , Mobley John F. , Brooks John M. , Rauh Mitchel J. , Gil Gilliland R. , Kissenberth Michael J. , Shanley Ellen
Published: October 2022

Background

Health care utilization can vary by age group, geographic location, and socioeconomic status (SES). A paucity of information exists regarding the availability and utilization of medical care by injured scholastic athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare injuries and health care service utilization by school SES over an academic year.

Methods

Injury and health care service data was collected from 1 large school district. Percentage of free and reduced lunch (FRPL) for each school was calculated to stratify schools into high (<50% FRPL) and low (≥50.1% FRPL) SES groups. Incidence proportion and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.

Results

About 1756 injuries were reported among over 7000 participating athletes from 14 high schools. Similar injury incidence proportions were reported between high and low SES schools (RR = 1.10 [1.00–1.20]). Athletes from low SES schools were twice (RR = 2.01 [1.21–3.35]) and over three (RR = 3.42 [1.84–6.55]) times more likely to receive emergency and physical therapy care. SES was not associated with the use of physician, imaging, or surgery services.

Implications for School Health, Policy, and Equity

School medical providers and administrators should have ready and provide a list of trusted outside primary care and specialty providers that have experience in sports medicine. They should also enquire and follow up on which outside provider the high school athlete will seek care when referring out to outside providers.

Conclusions

Injury incidence was similar between high and low SES schools. However, athletes from low SES high schools were over 2‐fold more likely to use emergency department services. Understanding factors influencing health care services choice and usage by student athletes from different socioeconomic backgrounds may assist sport medicine clinicians in identifying barriers and potential solutions in improving time to health restoration, athlete outcomes, and health care monetary burden.
Recent topics of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID)
Authors: Sone Jun
Published: October 2022

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease in which intranuclear inclusions are widely observed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and cells of general organs. For many years, it was diagnosed at autopsy. But in 2011, it became possible to diagnose NIID by skin biopsy, and in 2019, the expansion of the NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat was identified as the cause of NIID. Many NIID cases are now diagnosed antemortem by skin biopsy and genetic tests, and the clinical features of NIID are analyzed and reported. In addition, the causes of many repeat diseases have been identified. For example, Fragile‐X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and oculopharyngodistal myopathy have been reported to show clinical and laboratory findings similar to NIID during their course. It is desirable to analyze the expansion of the NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat in order to distinguish it from other diseases. It is necessary to reorganize the disease concept of each disease through genetical assessment.
Cerebral air embolism: A hidden cause of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zivelonghi Cecilia , De Pasqual Carlo Alberto , Plebani Mauro , Cappellari Manuel
Published: October 2022

A 46‐year‐old man presented to the Emergency Department because of food bolus impaction after an emergent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Three hours after the procedure, awakening from general anesthesia, he complained drowsiness and left‐sided weakness. Brain CT scan was unremarkable, while CT angiography performed later revealed signs of pneumomediastinum likely from an esophageal laceration. Thorough cardiological, hematological, and rheumatological investigations during hospital stay proved unremarkable. Cerebral air embolism (CAE) has been reported as a potential complication of endoscopic procedures, but the precise mechanism is still unknown.
Diversity and divergence: evolution of secondary metabolism in the tropical tree genus Inga
Authors: Forrister Dale L. , Endara María‐José , Soule Abrianna J. , Younkin Gordon C. , Mills Anthony G. , Lokvam John , Dexter Kyle G. , Pennington R. Toby , Kidner Catherine A. , Nicholls James A. , Loiseau Oriane , Kursar Thomas A. , Coley Phyllis D.
Published: October 2022

Plants are widely recognized as chemical factories, with each species producing dozens to hundreds of unique secondary metabolites. These compounds shape the interactions between plants and their natural enemies. We explore the evolutionary patterns and processes by which plants generate chemical diversity, from evolving novel compounds to unique chemical profiles.

We characterized the chemical profile of one‐third of the species of tropical rainforest trees in the genus Inga (c. 100, Fabaceae) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics and applied phylogenetic comparative methods to understand the mode of chemical evolution.

We show: each Inga species contain structurally unrelated compounds and high levels of phytochemical diversity; closely related species have divergent chemical profiles, with individual compounds, compound classes, and chemical profiles showing little‐to‐no phylogenetic signal; at the evolutionary time scale, a species' chemical profile shows a signature of divergent adaptation. At the ecological time scale, sympatric species were the most divergent, implying it is also advantageous to maintain a unique chemical profile from community members; finally, we integrate these patterns with a model for how chemical diversity evolves.

Taken together, these results show that phytochemical diversity and divergence are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of plants.
The RhLOL1–RhILR3 module mediates cytokinin‐induced petal abscission in rose
Authors: Jiang Chuyan , Liang Yue , Deng Shuning , Liu Yang , Zhao Haohao , Li Susu , Jiang Cai‐Zhong , Gao Junping , Ma Chao
Published: October 2022

In many plant species, petal abscission can be considered the final step of petal senescence. Cytokinins (CKs) are powerful suppressors of petal senescence; however, their role in petal abscission is ambiguous.

Here, we observed that, in rose (Rosa hybrida), biologically active CK is accumulated during petal abscission and acts as an accelerator of the abscission process. Using a combination of reverse genetics, and molecular and biochemical techniques, we explored the roles of a LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) family member RhLOL1 interacting with a bHLH transcription factor RhILR3 in CK‐induced petal abscission.

Silencing RhLOL1 delays rose petal abscission, while the overexpression of its ortholog SlLOL1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) promotes pedicel abscission, indicating the conserved function of LOL1 in activating plant floral organ abscission. In addition, we identify a bHLH transcription factor, RhILR3, that interacts with RhLOL1. We show that RhILR3 binds to the promoters of the auxin signaling repressor auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid (Aux/IAA) genes to inhibit their expression; however, the interaction of RhLOL1 with RhILR3 activates the expression of the Aux/IAA genes including RhIAA4‐1. Silencing RhIAA4‐1 delays rose petal abscission.

Our results thus reveal a RhLOL1–RhILR3 regulatory module involved in CK‐induced petal abscission via the regulation of the expression of the Aux/IAA genes.
PBS3: a versatile player in and beyond salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Wei , He Jinyu , Wang Xiuzhuo , Ashline Matthew , Wu Zirui , Liu Fengquan , Fu Zheng Qing , Chang Ming
Published: October 2022

AVRPPHB SUSCEPTIBLE 3 (PBS3) belongs to the GH3 family of acyl acid amido synthetases, which conjugates amino acids to diverse acyl acid substrates. Recent studies demonstrate that PBS3 in Arabidopsis plays a key role in the biosynthesis of plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) by catalyzing the conjugation of glutamate to isochorismate to form isochorismate‐9‐glutamate, which is then used to produce SA through spontaneous decay or ENHANCED PSEUDOMONAS SUSCEPTIBILITY (EPS1) catalysis. Consistent with its function as an essential enzyme for SA biosynthesis, PBS3 is well known to be a positive regulator of plant immunity in Arabidopsis. Additionally, PBS3 is also involved in the trade‐off between abiotic and biotic stress responses in Arabidopsis by suppressing the inhibitory effect of abscisic acid on SA‐mediated plant immunity. Besides stress responses, PBS3 also plays a role in plant development. Under long‐day conditions, PBS3 influences Arabidopsis flowering time by regulating the expression of flowering regulators FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS T. Taken together, PBS3 functions in the signaling network of plant development and responses to biotic and/or abiotic stresses, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its diverse roles remain obscure.
The impact of climate action on energy security in West Africa: Evidence from Burkina Faso, Ghana and Nigeria
Authors: Ofosu‐Peasah Gideon , Antwi Eric Ofosu , Blyth William , Sarquah Khadija
Published: October 2022

The study investigates the impact of climate action on energy security in West Africa using an autoregressive distributed lag and an error correction model. Empirical results for Burkina Faso showed that total carbon emissions and climate finance improved energy security performance in the country in the short and long run, while capacity building and energy efficiency impaired energy security performance in the short run. In the long run, capacity‐building efforts are estimated to improve energy security performance in Burkina Faso. For Ghana, results showed that total carbon emissions improved energy security performance in Ghana while energy efficiency impaired energy security performance in the short run. Results for climate finance and capacity building are found to be insignificant, and no long‐run results are found for Ghana. Lastly, results for Nigeria showed that total carbon emissions improved energy security performance in the long run. The short‐run result for total carbon emissions and climate finance is found to be insignificant, while capacity building and energy efficiency impaired energy security performance in the long and short run. Considering the need to reduce carbon emissions during full implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions, policies should aim at decoupling carbon emissions from energy security by exploring options for low‐carbon energy development.
Incidence of superficial left hepatic vein and its usability for graft hepatic vein venoplasty in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Namgoong Jung‐Man , Ageel Amro Hasan , Hwang Shin , Ha Tae‐Yong , Song Gi‐Won , Jung Dong‐Hwan , Park Gil‐Chun , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Moon Deok‐Bog , Tak Eunyoung , Kim Kyoung‐Mo , Oh Seok‐Hee
Published: October 2022

Backgrounds

The anatomy of the left hepatic vein (LHV) is variable; thus, it should be considered for graft hepatic vein (GHV) venoplasty for left lateral section (LLS) and left liver grafts. This study assessed the incidence of superficial LHV (sLHV) branches according to LHV anatomy and its usability for GHV venoplasty in pediatric liver transplantation (LT).

Methods

This study consisted of three parts: (1) anatomical classification of LHV variations and the incidence of sLHV branches; (2) morphometric simulative analysis of GHV reconstruction and (3) clinical application based on LHV anatomy.

Results

The LHV anatomy of 248 potential LLS graft donors was classified into four types according to the number and location of GHV openings: one single opening (type 1; n = 186 [75.0%]), two large openings (type 2; n = 35 [14.1%]), one large and one small adjacent opening (type 3; n = 14 [5.6%]), and two large widely‐separated openings (type 4; n = 13 [5.2%]). An sLHV branch was identified in 87 of 248 (35.1%) donor livers. Morphometric analysis of simulative GHV venoplasty with an sLHV branch increased GHV diameters by 30% in type 1 LLS grafts and 20% in type 2/3 LLS grafts. An analysis of 50 consecutive patients who underwent pediatric LT showed that the 2‐year rates of GHV obstruction were 2.0% with LLS grafts and 0% with left liver grafts.

Conclusions

The GHV orifice can be enlarged through LHV anatomy‐based unification venoplasty. Unification venoplasty with an sLHV branch provided sufficient enlargement of the GHV orifice.
Comparison of ultrasonography, progesterone assay, ballottement, and non‐return‐to‐heat with digital rectal palpation technique for early pregnancy diagnosis in Red Sokoto goat
Authors: Bello Adeh A. , Voh Ambrose A. , Ogwu David , Tekdek Lazarus B. , Ayo Joseph O.
Published: October 2022

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the digital rectal palpation (DRP) technique for early pregnancy diagnosis and to compare the results of experiments I and II in the Red Sokoto goat. Experiment I had 68 goats with 52 does and 16 bucks. Does were divided into prostaglandin F2‐alpha (PGF2α; n = 18), progesterone pessaries (P4P; n = 18), and Control (n = 16) groups as oestrus synchronizaton methods. Bucks were used for oestrus detection (n = 6) and breeding (n = 10). Comparative pregnancy diagnosis was carried out on day 21 post‐breeding using ultrasonography (US), DRP, progesterone assay (PA), ballottement (BL), and non‐return‐to‐heat (NRH). Experiment II was a repeat but had 51 animals with 42 does and nine bucks; three bucks for oestrus detection and six for breeding. Does were divided into recto‐vaginal artificial insemination (AI) by DRP (n = 14), vaginal speculum AI (n = 14), and Control‐natural service (n = 14) groups, indicating breeding methods. Oestrus was synchronized with PGF2α and pregnancy diagnosis was carried out on day 21 using US, DRP, PA, and NRH. The results for both experiments were similar. Pregnancy rates for PGF2α group were 66.2%, 66.7%, 64.8%, 62.1%, and 63.0% for US, DRP, PA, BL, and NRH, respectively; P4P had 81.5%, 81.5%, 42.6%, 20.3%, and 42.6% for US, DRP, PA, BL, and NRH, respectively; while Control was 73.6%, 79.2%, 70.9%, 73.6%, and 73.6% for US, DRP, PA, BL, and NRH, respectively. Proportions are significantly (p < .000) different in the P4P group. It was concluded that the DRP technique was effective and consistent in early pregnancy diagnosis on day 21 and comparable to US, PA, BL, and non‐return‐to‐oestrus in both experiments in Red Sokoto goat does.
Sub‐Saharan Africa's rising public debt stock: Is there a cause for concern?
Authors: Olaoye Olumide Olusegun , Olomola Phillip A.
Published: October 2022

The study investigated public debt sustainability in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) by testing the reaction of the primary balance to positive and negative shocks in public debts in a panel of 45 SSA countries. The study adopts the innovative nonlinear fiscal reaction function and the dynamic panel threshold model to account for the potential asymmetric phenomenon in the public debt series. In line with extant studies, the study found that public debts in SSA are weakly sustainable and there is a highly procyclical fiscal policy bias in SSA countries, particularly in resource‐rich countries, indicating that governments' fiscal policy responses are expansionary during economic upturns and contractionary during recessions, which may aggravate recessions and worsen debt situations across SSA. For robustness, the study compares the results with emerging and developed economies. The results indicate that in advanced economies, public debt is sustainable and that fiscal policy response is countercyclical. The research and policy implications are discussed.
Moral emotions in early childhood: Validation of the Chinese moral emotion questionnaire
Authors: Li Zijian , Li Boya , Tsou Yung‐Ting , Oosterveld Paul , Rieffe Carolien
Published: October 2022

Moral emotions such as pride, guilt and shame play an important role in the social‐emotional development of preschool children. However, there are not many instruments available for measuring moral emotions in the preschool age. Moreover, relatively few research had examined cross‐cultural validity of measures for moral emotions. The present study tested the Chinese version of the Moral emotion questionnaire (MEQ) upon a group of (N = 182) Chinese preschool children aged from 2 to 6 years. The Chinese MEQ is a parent‐report translated from Dutch, assessing behavioural responses of pride, guilt and shame in preschool children. Confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory goodness‐of‐fit indexes for a three‐factor structure (Pride, Guilt, Shame) with 15 loading items. For concurrent relations, the results suggested an adaptive role of pride and guilt and a maladaptive role of shame in the social‐emotional development of preschool children. We could conclude that the 15‐item Chinese MEQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring pride, guilt, and shame in 2–6‐year‐old children in the Chinese context.
Female sex and advanced age are associated with invasive cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Perry Whitney A. , Gardiner Bradley J. , Price Lori Lyn , Rodriguez‐Garcia Marta , Chow Jennifer K. , Snydman David R.
Published: October 2022

Background

Limited data exist to describe sex‐based differences in the severity of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after solid organ transplant (SOT). We sought to identify if a difference exists in likelihood of tissue‐invasive disease between male and female SOT recipients and to understand how age affects this relationship.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 180 heart, liver, and kidney recipients treated for CMV was examined. A logistic regression model was developed to assess the relationship between female sex and CMV type (noninvasive vs. invasive). A secondary regression analysis looked at the relationship of invasive CMV with a variable combining sex with age above or below 50.

Results

There were 37 cases of proven or probable invasive CMV, occurring in 30% of females versus 16% of males. After adjustment for potential confounders, females with CMV infection were significantly more likely to have invasive disease (odds ratio (OR) 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–5.90, p = .01). Females 50 years or older were at particular risk compared with males under 50 years (adjusted OR 4.54, 95% CI 1.33–18.83, p = .02).

Conclusion

Female SOT recipients with CMV in our cohort were more likely than males to have tissue‐invasive disease, with the highest risk among older females. Further prospective studies are warranted to explore underlying immunologic mechanisms.

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Effects of subbase materials on phosphorous attenuation in permeable pavement system and correlation between pollution attenuation and subbase materials
Authors: Kuruppu Upeka , Rahman Ataur
Published: October 2022

In this study, laboratory models of six permeable pavement system (PPS) columns with various subbase configurations were examined for phosphorus attenuation. Experiments were carried out under varying intensities and durations of rainfall to investigate possible PPS modifications to enhance the performance of phosphorus attenuation and the likelihood of phosphorus leaching back to infiltration. The results show the inefficiencies of phosphate attenuation in the conventional PPS structure. During long‐duration rainfall events, phosphates can be leached back to the infiltrate through the conventional PPS structure. The intensity of rainfall affects the attenuation of total phosphorus through the six permeable pavement columns. To achieve an enhanced phosphate attenuation, the findings of this study suggest modifying the PPS structure by incorporating thin sand layers in the subbase. Also, the correlation between pollutant attenuation and subbase materials is found. Finally, design modification of PPS is recommended to enhance the pollutant attenuation capacity of the PPS.
Noble gases and nitrogen in samples of asteroid Ryugu record its volatile sources and recent surface evolution
Authors: Okazaki Ryuji , Marty Bernard , Busemann Henner , Hashizume Ko , Gilmour Jamie D. , Meshik Alex , Yada Toru , Kitajima Fumio , Broadley Michael W. , Byrne David , Füri Evelyn , Riebe My E. I. , Krietsch Daniela , Maden Colin , Ishida Akizumi , Clay Patricia , Crowther Sarah A. , Fawcett Lydia , Lawton Thomas , Pravdivtseva Olga , Miura Yayoi N. , Park Jisun , Bajo Ken-ichi , Takano Yoshinori , Yamada Keita , Kawagucci Shinsuke , Matsui Yohei , Yamamoto Mizuki , Righter Kevin , Sakai Saburo , Iwata Naoyoshi , Shirai Naoki , Sekimoto Shun , Inagaki Makoto , Ebihara Mitsuru , Yokochi Reika , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Nagao Keisuke , Lee Jong Ik , Kano Akihiro , Caffee Marc W. , Uemura Ryu , Nakamura Tomoki , Naraoka Hiroshi , Noguchi Takaaki , Yabuta Hikaru , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Tachibana Shogo , Sawada Hirotaka , Sakamoto Kanako , Abe Masanao , Arakawa Masahiko , Fujii Atsushi , Hayakawa Masahiko , Hirata Naoyuki , Hirata Naru , Honda Rie , Honda Chikatoshi , Hosoda Satoshi , Iijima Yu-ichi , Ikeda Hitoshi , Ishiguro Masateru , Ishihara Yoshiaki , Iwata Takahiro , Kawahara Kosuke , Kikuchi Shota , Kitazato Kohei , Matsumoto Koji , Matsuoka Moe , Michikami Tatsuhiro , Mimasu Yuya , Miura Akira , Morota Tomokatsu , Nakazawa Satoru , Namiki Noriyuki , Noda Hirotomo , Noguchi Rina , Ogawa Naoko , Ogawa Kazunori , Okada Tatsuaki , Okamoto Chisato , Ono Go , Ozaki Masanobu , Saiki Takanao , Sakatani Naoya , Senshu Hiroki , Shimaki Yuri , Shirai Kei , Sugita Seiji , Takei Yuto , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Tanaka Satoshi , Tatsumi Eri , Terui Fuyuto , Tsukizaki Ryudo , Wada Koji , Yamada Manabu , Yamada Tetsuya , Yamamoto Yukio , Yano Hajime , Yokota Yasuhiro , Yoshihara Keisuke , Yoshikawa Makoto , Yoshikawa Kent , Furuya Shizuho , Hatakeda Kentaro , Hayashi Tasuku , Hitomi Yuya , Kumagai Kazuya , Miyazaki Akiko , Nakato Aiko , Nishimura Masahiro , Soejima Hiromichi , Iwamae Ayako , Yamamoto Daiki , Yogata Kasumi , Yoshitake Miwa , Fukai Ryota , Usui Tomohiro , Connolly Harold C. , Lauretta Dante , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi
Published: October 2022

The near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu is expected to contain volatile chemical species that could provide information on the origin of Earth’s volatiles. Samples of Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured noble gas and nitrogen isotopes in Ryugu samples and found that they are dominated by presolar and primordial components, incorporated during Solar System formation. Noble gas concentrations are higher than those in Ivuna-type carbonaceous (CI) chondrite meteorites. Several host phases of isotopically distinct nitrogen have different abundances among the samples. Our measurements support a close relationship between Ryugu and CI chondrites. Noble gases produced by galactic cosmic rays, indicating a ~5 million year exposure, and from implanted solar wind record the recent irradiation history of Ryugu after it migrated to its current orbit.
Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages
Authors: Park Young-Jun , Pinto Dora , Walls Alexandra C. , Liu Zhuoming , De Marco Anna , Benigni Fabio , Zatta Fabrizia , Silacci-Fregni Chiara , Bassi Jessica , Sprouse Kaitlin R. , Addetia Amin , Bowen John E. , Stewart Cameron , Giurdanella Martina , Saliba Christian , Guarino Barbara , Schmid Michael A. , Franko Nicholas M. , Logue Jennifer K. , Dang Ha V. , Hauser Kevin , di Iulio Julia , Rivera William , Schnell Gretja , Rajesh Anushka , Zhou Jiayi , Farhat Nisar , Kaiser Hannah , Montiel-Ruiz Martin , Noack Julia , Lempp Florian A. , Janer Javier , Abdelnabi Rana , Maes Piet , Ferrari Paolo , Ceschi Alessandro , Giannini Olivier , de Melo Guilherme Dias , Kergoat Lauriane , Bourhy Hervé , Neyts Johan , Soriaga Leah , Purcell Lisa A. , Snell Gyorgy , Whelan Sean P.J. , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Virgin Herbert W. , Piccoli Luca , Chu Helen Y. , Pizzuto Matteo Samuele , Corti Davide , Veesler David
Published: October 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity or vaccine boosters elicit plasma-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, and that breakthrough infections, but not vaccination alone, induce neutralizing antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases cross-react with the Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 receptor-binding domains, whereas Omicron primary infections elicit B cells of narrow specificity up to 6 months after infection. Although most clinical antibodies have reduced neutralization of Omicron, we identified an ultrapotent pan-variant–neutralizing antibody that is a strong candidate for clinical development.
Molecular structures reveal synergistic rescue of Δ508 CFTR by Trikafta modulators
Authors: Fiedorczuk Karol , Chen Jue
Published: October 2022

The predominant mutation causing cystic fibrosis, a deletion of phenylalanine 508 (Δ508) in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leads to severe defects in CFTR biogenesis and function. The advanced therapy Trikafta combines the folding corrector tezacaftor (VX-661), the channel potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770), and the dual-function modulator elexacaftor (VX-445). However, it is unclear how elexacaftor exerts its effects, in part because the structure of Δ508 CFTR is unknown. Here, we present cryo–electron microscopy structures of Δ508 CFTR in the absence and presence of CFTR modulators. When used alone, elexacaftor partially rectified interdomain assembly defects in Δ508 CFTR, but when combined with a type I corrector, did so fully. These data illustrate how the different modulators in Trikafta synergistically rescue Δ508 CFTR structure and function.
How the Black Death left its mark on immune system genes
Authors: Gibbons Ann
Published: October 2022

Study of DNA from medieval victims and survivors finds gene that helped protect people from deadly pathogen
Replication Origin Deletion Enhances Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-
co
-3-Hydroxyvalerate) Synthesis in Haloarchaea
Authors: Yang Haibo , Chen Junyu , Mitra Ruchira , Xue Qiong , Xiang Hua , Han Jing
Published: October 2022

The haloarchaeon
Haloferax mediterranei
is a potential producer of PHBV (100% biodegradable plastic) from inexpensive carbon sources. We previously reported that
H. mediterranei
possessed three active chromosomal origins and, when these origins were deleted, a dormant origin was activated to initiate the replication of chromosome.
Estimating the economic costs of Indigenous health inequities in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Reid Papaarangi , Paine Sarah-Jane , Te Ao Braden , Willing Esther J , Wyeth Emma , Vaithianathan Rhema , Loring Belinda
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Despite significant international interest in the economic impacts of health inequities, few studies have quantified the costs associated with unfair and preventable ethnic/racial health inequities. This Indigenous-led study is the first to investigate health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults in New Zealand (NZ) and estimate the economic costs associated with these differences.

Design

Retrospective cohort analysis. Quantitative epidemiological methods and ‘cost-of-illness’ (COI) methodology were employed, within a Kaupapa Māori theoretical framework.

Setting

Data for 2003–2014 were obtained from national data collections held by NZ government agencies, including hospitalisations, mortality, outpatient and primary care consultations, laboratory and pharmaceutical usage and accident claims.

Participants

All adults in NZ aged 15 years and above who had engagement with the health system between 2003 and 2014 (deidentified).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Rates of ‘potentially avoidable’ hospitalisations and mortality as well as ‘excess or underutilisation’ of healthcare were calculated, as the difference between actual rates for Māori and the rate expected if Māori had the same rates as non-Māori. These differences were then quantified using COI methodology to estimate the financial cost of ethnic inequities.

Results

In this conservative estimate, health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults cost NZ$863.3 million per year. Direct costs of NZ$39.9 million per year included costs from ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations and outpatient care, with cost savings from underutilisation of primary care. Indirect costs of NZ$823.4 million per year came from years of life lost and lost wages.

Conclusions

Indigenous adult health inequities in NZ create significant direct and indirect costs. The ‘cost of doing nothing’ is predominantly borne by Indigenous communities and society. The net cost of adult health inequities to the government conceals substantial savings to the government from underutilisation of primary care and accident/injury care.
The Dirac and Klein–Gordon equations and greybody radiation for the regular Hayward black hole
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad
Published: October 2022

We investigate the Dirac and Klein–Gordon equations, as well as greybody radiation, for the Hayward black hole (BH) space–time. We first consider the Dirac equation using a null tetrad in the Newman–Penrose formalism. The equations are then separated into angular and radial parts. A pair of one-dimensional Schrödinger-like wave equations with effective potentials is obtained from the radial part. In order to examine the behavior of potentials, they are plotted with respect to radial distances. Additionally, the Klein–Gordon equation is considered in the Hayward BH space–time. At the end, we compute greybody factors for bosons and fermions and our results are shown graphically and discussed.
Eddy memory in weakly nonlinear two-layer quasi-geostrophic ocean flows
Authors: Dijkstra Henk A. , Manucharyan Georgy , Moon Woosok
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study the origin of eddy-memory effects in a weakly nonlinear regime of a baroclinically unstable zonal ocean flow in a zonal channel. In this weakly nonlinear regime, the memory kernel can be analytically derived in case of an externally imposed time-dependent wind-stress forcing. Here, the memory arises because it takes a finite time for the nonlinear flow to equilibrate and the memory kernel is a decaying (in time) exponential function. When there is no external forcing, eddy-memory effects arise due to successive rectification of the background flow which is due to the self-interaction of the unstable modes. While the memory kernel cannot explicitly be calculated in this case, it is also argued to be a decaying exponential function. In both cases, the memory strength is inversely proportional to the growth rate of the instabilities at criticality.
Sign of the Feynman propagator and irreversibility
Authors: Tameshtit Allan
Published: October 2022

For the interacting Feynman propagator [Formula: see text] of scalar electrodynamics, we show that the sign property, [Formula: see text], may hinge on the reversibility of time evolution. In contrast, [Formula: see text] is indeterminate. When we switch to reduced dynamics under the weak coupling approximation, the positive semidefinite sign of [Formula: see text] is generally lost, unless we impose severe restrictions on the Kraus operators that govern time evolution. With another approximation, the rotating wave approximation, we may recover the sign by restricting the test functions to exponentials under certain conditions.
Impact of Reducing Data Plan Costs on the Digital Divide in China: A Digital Lifestyles Perspective
Authors: Hua Bo , Yuan Yun , Chung Yuho , Jia Jianmin
Published: October 2022

The digital divide first emerged as an important social and human rights issue in the 1990s. With the rapid development of wireless network technology (e.g., Wi-Fi and cellular networks) and mobile terminal devices (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and tablets), this issue has shifted to concern mobile Internet access. The three main Chinese telecom operators (China Mobile Communications Corporation, China Unicom Communications Corporation, and China Telecom Communications Corporation) have recently promoted unlimited data plans (UDPs) to reduce information usage costs and increase mobile data use. However, assessments of the impact of these policy changes on the mobile digital divide are limited. This study therefore offers insights into how a reduction in information costs can eliminate this divide. Using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach based on a monthly panel of system-generated mobile app data for subscribers, we find that the UDPs have various effects on promoting the use of mobile Internet and on the digital divide, depending on whether subscribers are of high or low socioeconomic status (i.e., urban versus rural and rich versus poor). We show that the relative differences are alleviated, but the absolute difference further increases after the implementation of a UDP subscription. In addition, a UDP subscription has heterogeneous effects on lifestyles. For the poor or those in rural areas, only promoting UDP does not effectively narrow the mobile digital divide because of insufficient cognition about and persistent weaknesses in the use of information technology.