bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the mass-SFR relation at high redshifts; predicted constraints from JWST
Authors: Curtis-Lake Emma
Published: June 2020

The mass-SFR relation of galaxies encodes information of present and historical star formation in the galaxy population. We expect the intrinsic scatter in the relation to increase to low mass where SFR becomes more stochastic. Measurements at z ‰ 4 from the Hubble Frontier fields have hinted at this (Santini et al., 2017), however, with the added uncertainty of lensing magnification we await JWST to provide robust measurements. Even with data-sets provided by JWST, uncertainties on mass and SFR estimates are often large, potentially covariant and dependent on assumptions used. I will present our method of Bayesian hierarchical modelling of the mass-SFR relation that self-consistently propagates uncertainties on mass and SFR estimates to uncertainties on the mass-SFR relation parameters. I will expose the biases imposed by standard SED-modelling practices, and address to what significance we can measure an increase in intrinsic scatter to low masses with JWST.
Mapping the structure and source of outflows from star-forming galaxies at z = 2 – 3
Authors: James Bethan
Published: June 2020

As we enter the era of JWST our need to characterise the rest-frame UV spectra of star-forming galaxies becomes essential. By combining the NIR capabilities of JWST with our understanding of UV wavelength science, we have the opportunity to explore fundamental properties of the gas, such as its metallicity and density, as well as the extent, velocity, and magnitude of their outflowing gas, in galaxies out to z ∼ 6. Galaxy outflows in particular play a fundamental role in the evolution of young galaxies at high redshifts, but their properties remain largely unknown as it is difficult to spatially resolve the outflowing gas. To-date, only two attempts to resolve outflows at redshift ∼ 2 have been made using lensing magnification, producing contradictory results on the origin of the outflows. In this talk I will present results from one such groundbreaking study where we combine gravitational lensing with VLT-MUSE to perform one of the first spatially resolved absorption line studies of a galaxy at z = 2 – 3. I will discuss how the the distinct kinematical structure and uniform column densities obtained from the outflowing gas maps reveal ‘global’ rather than ‘locally’ sourced outflows. I will also present preliminary results from our latest attempt to accurately constrain the structure and source of outflows in star-forming galaxies by observing the brightest galaxy-scale lens known with KCWI. I will conclude with the benefits and limitations of spatially resolved observations in this wavelength range, and possible implications on NIRSpec observations of the high-z Universe.
Lensed quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2: What quenched their star formation?
Authors: Man Allison
Published: June 2020

A key outstanding issue in galaxy evolution studies is how galaxies quench their star formation. I will present new results from our VLT/X-Shooter, ALMA and VLA campaign of a pilot sample of lensed quiescent massive galaxies at z > 1.5. Lensing magnification enables us to spatially resolve the stellar structure and kinematics of these compact galaxies, that are otherwise barely resolvable even with HST. Our deep X-Shooter spectra provided multiple absorption lines enabling strong constraints on their stellar populations, namely their star formation rates, ages, dispersions, and in some cases metallicities. Our complementary ALMA+VLA programme probes their molecular gas content through CO emission. All these observations provide unparalleled constraints on their quenching mechanisms. Our results indicate that quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2 (1) have short star formation timescales of a few hundred Myrs; (2) have a variety of stellar morphology from exponential disks to bulges; (3) are devoid of molecular gas; and (4) host low-luminosity active galactic nuclei which may be responsible for suppressing star formation. In addition to discussing the insights gained on quenching, I will highlight how these findings bring about new questions that can be addressed with future JWST and ALMA studies.
Local star-forming dwarf galaxies as windows on reionization-era stellar populations
Authors: Senchyna Peter
Published: June 2020

The recent detections of high-ionization nebular line emission from species including CIV in a number of z > 6 galaxies have highlighted substantial deficiencies in our understanding of metal poor stars. Prominent nebular CIV has never been detected in purely star-forming systems locally, and the massive star models used to model this emission in photoionization codes have not been empirically calibrated below the metallicity of the SMC (20% solar). As a result, we are presently entirely unprepared to correctly interpret nebular emission from metal-poor stars observed with JWST and ALMA in the reionization era. We present results from a multi-pronged ongoing local ultraviolet/optical observation campaign with HST/COS, Keck/ESI, and MMT designed to address this issue by locating and characterizing stellar populations capable of powering such high-ionization emission. This work has already demonstrated that strong nebular CIV can be powered by extremely metal-poor (< 10% solar) massive stars, indicating that we may already have evidence of such low-metallicity populations in the reionization era. However, CIV at the equivalent widths detected at z > 6 remains elusive locally, potentially in part due to the relative paucity of known nearby galaxies at these metallicities with massive stellar populations comparable to those in z > 6 systems. We present a new technique to locate such nearby galaxies, and results from optical follow-up which indicate that a substantial population of highly star- forming metal-poor galaxies likely resides just below the detection limits of previous large spectroscopic surveys.
DYNAMO: An upclose view of turbulent, clumpy galaxies
Authors: Fisher Deanne
Published: June 2020

Over 2/3 of all star formation in the Universe occurs in gas-rich, super-high pressure clumpy galaxies in the epoch of redshift z ∼ 1 – 3. However, because these galaxies are so distant we are limited in the information available to study the properties of star formation and gas in these systems. I will present results using a sample of extremely rare, nearby galaxies (called DYNAMO) that are very well matched in gas fraction (fgas ∼ 20 – 80%), kinematics (rotating disks with velocity dispersions ranging 20 – 100 km/s), structure (exponential disks) and morphology (clumpy star formation) to high-z main-sequence galaxies. We therefore use DYNAMO galaxies as laboratories to study the processes inside galaxies in the dominate mode of star formation in the Universe. In this talk I will report on results from our programs with HST, ALMA, Keck, and NOEMA for DYNAMO galaxies that are aimed at testing models of star formation. We have discovered of an inverse relationship between gas velocity dispersion and molecular gas depletion time. This correlation is directly predicted by theories of feedback-regulated star formation; conversely, predictions of models in which turbulence is driven by gravity only are not consistent with our data. I will also show that feedback-regulated star formation can explain the redshift evolution of galaxy star formation efficiency. I will also present results from a recently acquired map of CO(2-1) in a clumpy galaxy with resolution less than 200 pc. With maps such as these we can begin to study these super giant star forming clumps at scales that are more comparable to local surveys. I will show results for the star formation efficiency of clumps, the boundedness of clumps of molecular gas, and discuss links between star formation efficiency and formation of clumps of stellar mass. The details of clumpy systems are a direct constraint of the results of simulations, especially on the nature of feedback in the high density environments of star formation that dominate the early Universe.
Risk-Taking That Signals Trust Increases Social Identification
Authors: Cruwys Tegan , Stevens Mark , Platow Michael J. , Drury John , Williams Elyse , Kelly Ashleigh J. , Weekes Margarita
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Social identification predicts many important phenomena; however, its determinants have received comparably little research attention. We argue that people are more likely to socially identify with others who engage in risky behavior that implies trust than with those who act cautiously, and test this in four experiments with over 900 participants. The experiments found support for the hypotheses across diverse risk contexts – specifically, risk of physical injury, disease risk, and financial risk. These findings indicate that others’ risk taking can strengthen shared psychological group membership.
Deep Biases Prevent Diverse Talent from Advancing
Authors: Howley Korena
Published: June 2020

A new study indicates that underrepresented students in science-related fields are innovating at high rates—but not reaping commensurate rewards.
Remote Sensing Retrieval of Isoprene Concentrations in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ros Pablo , Galí Martí , Cortés Pau , Robinson Charlotte Mary , Antoine David , Wohl Charel , Yang MingXi , Simó Rafel
Published: June 2020

Isoprene produced by marine phytoplankton acts as a precursor of secondary organic aerosol and thereby affects cloud formation and brightness over the remote oceans. Yet the marine isoprene emission is poorly constrained, with discrepancies among estimates that reach 2 orders of magnitude. Here we present ISOREMS, the first satellite‐only based algorithm for the retrieval of isoprene concentration in the Southern Ocean. Sea surface concentrations from six cruises were matched with remotely sensed variables from MODIS Aqua, and isoprene was best predicted by multiple linear regression with chlorophyll a and sea surface temperature. Climatological (2002–2018) isoprene distributions computed with ISOREMS revealed high concentrations in coastal and near‐island waters, and within the 40–50°S latitudinal band. Isoprene seasonality paralleled phytoplankton productivity, with annual maxima in summer. The annual Southern Ocean emission of isoprene was estimated at 63 Gg C yr−1. The algorithm can provide spatially and temporally realistic inputs to atmospheric and climate models.
Decadal Variations of Sea Ice Thickness in the Amundsen‐Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas Retrieved From ICESat and IceBridge Laser Altimetry, 2003–2017
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Jiang Weixu , Xie Hongjie , Ackley Stephen , Li Huan
Published: June 2020

The changing distributions of sea ice thickness in different regions around Antarctica are important metrics of climate variability, but estimates have large uncertainties. Here, we analyze laser altimetry data from ICESat and IceBridge to generate a record of total freeboard and sea ice thickness in the Amundsen‐Bellingshausen and Weddell seas during austral springs from 2003 to 2017. We improve the buoyancy approach (BOC) to estimate sea ice thickness from total freeboard without altimetry‐coincident measurements of snow depth. The sea ice thickness estimated by the improved BOC agrees well with field measurements and is slightly larger than those derived by previous approaches of zero ice freeboard and empirical relationship. The average sea ice thickness had large interannual variations with no significant trend in both seas from 2003 to 2017. Although sea ice thickness usually did not covary with sea ice extent in these regions, sea ice thickness showed a similar rapid decline with ice extents in the Weddell Sea during 2014–2017. The nearly continuous long‐term record of sea ice thickness is of great significance for the sea ice and global climatic model communities, especially given the future extension of the record using measurements from ICESat‐2 launched in late 2018.
Twist1-induced miR-199a-3p promotes liver fibrosis by suppressing caveolin-2 and activating TGF-β pathway
Authors: Yang Xiaoxue , Ma Liping , Wei Rong , Ye Tinghong , Zhou JianKang , Wen Maoyao , Men Ruoting , Aqeilan Rami I. , Peng Yong , Yang Li
Published: June 2020

The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) participates in liver fibrosis, and emerging evidences indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed during HSC activation. However, the potential roles of miRNAs in liver fibrosis still remain elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of miR-199a-3p in liver fibrosis and its underlying mechanism. We found that miR-199a-3p expression was dramatically upregulated during HSC activation in vitro, and during liver fibrogenesis in CCl4-treated rats, and its liver expression was increased in the patients with cirrhosis. By the luciferase assay and RT-qPCR, we revealed that the expression of miR-199a-3p in HSCs was driven by the transcription factor Twist1 which could be further induced by TGF-β treatment. Functional studies showed that inhibition of miR-199a-3p in both human LX2 cells and rat HSCs significantly decreased the expression of fibrotic markers, such as fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), whereas the forced expression of miR-199a-3p exhibited opposite effects, demonstrating the role of miR-199a-3p in promoting HSC activation. Mechanistically, miR-199a-3p plays an important role in TGF-β signalling pathway activation through targeting CAV2 that negatively regulates the expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I (TGFβRI). Importantly, administration of antagomiR-199a-3p in the CCl4-treated mice significantly ameliorated hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, Twist1-induced miR-199a-3p mediates the activation of HSCs by suppressing CAV2 expression and subsequently increasing TGFβRI expression to promote TGF-β pathway. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of miR-199a-3p for hepatic fibrosis.
Evolution of novel genes in three-spined stickleback populations
Authors: Schmitz Jonathan F. , Chain Frédéric J. J. , Bornberg-Bauer Erich
Published: June 2020

Eukaryotic genomes frequently acquire new protein-coding genes which may significantly impact an organism’s fitness. Novel genes can be created, for example, by duplication of large genomic regions or de novo, from previously non-coding DNA. Either way, creation of a novel transcript is an essential early step during novel gene emergence. Most studies on the gain-and-loss dynamics of novel genes so far have compared genomes between species, constraining analyses to genes that have remained fixed over long time scales. However, the importance of novel genes for rapid adaptation among populations has recently been shown. Therefore, since little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of transcripts across natural populations, we here study transcriptomes from several tissues and nine geographically distinct populations of an ecological model species, the three-spined stickleback. Our findings suggest that novel genes typically start out as transcripts with low expression and high tissue specificity. Early expression regulation appears to be mediated by gene-body methylation. Although most new and narrowly expressed genes are rapidly lost, those that survive and subsequently spread through populations tend to gain broader and higher expression levels. The properties of the encoded proteins, such as disorder and aggregation propensity, hardly change. Correspondingly, young novel genes are not preferentially under positive selection but older novel genes more often overlap with FST outlier regions. Taken together, expression of the surviving novel genes is rapidly regulated, probably via epigenetic mechanisms, while structural properties of encoded proteins are non-debilitating and might only change much later.
Centrosome reduction in newly-generated tetraploid cancer cells obtained by separase depletion
Authors: Galofré Claudia , Asensio Elena , Ubach Maria , Torres Irianna M. , Quintanilla Isabel , Castells Antoni , Camps Jordi
Published: June 2020

Tetraploidy, a common feature in cancer, results in the presence of extra centrosomes, which has been associated with chromosome instability (CIN) and aneuploidy. Deregulation in the number of centrosomes triggers tumorigenesis. However, how supernumerary centrosomes evolve during the emergence of tetraploid cells remains yet to be elucidated. Here, generating tetraploid isogenic clones in colorectal cancer and in non-transformed cells, we show that near-tetraploid clones exhibit a significant increase in the number of centrosomes. Moreover, we find that centrosome area in near-tetraploids is twice as large as in near-diploids. To evaluate whether centrosome clustering was occurring, we next analysed the number of centrioles revealing centriole amplification. Notwithstanding, more than half of the near-tetraploids maintained in culture do not present centrosome aberrations. To test whether cells progressively lost centrioles after becoming near-tetraploid, we transiently transfected diploid cells with siRNA against ESPL1/Separase, a protease responsible for triggering anaphase, to generate newly near-tetraploid cells. Finally, using this model, we assessed the number of centrioles at different time-points after tetraploidization finding that near-tetraploids rapidly lose centrosomes over time. Taken together, these data demonstrate that although most cells reduce supernumerary centrosomes after tetraploidization, a small fraction retains extra centrioles, potentially resulting in CIN.
Tiered approach for the identification of Mal d 1 reduced, well tolerated apple genotypes
Authors: Romer Emilia , Chebib Soraya , Bergmann Karl-Christian , Plate Katrin , Becker Sylvia , Ludwig Christina , Meng Chen , Fischer Thilo , Dierend Werner , Schwab Wilfried
Published: June 2020

A rising proportion of the world population suffers from food-related allergies, including incompatibilities to apples. Although several allergenic proteins have been found in apples, the most important proteins that cause allergic reactions to apples in Central-Northern Europe, and North America are the Mal d 1 proteins, which are homologues of the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. As the demand for hypoallergenic fruits is constantly increasing, we selected apple genotypes with a low total content of Mal d 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis from segregating populations and tested the tolerability of these fruits through a human provocation study. This tiered approach, which exploited the natural diversity of apples, led to the identification of fruits, which were tolerated by allergic patients. In addition, we found a significant correlation (coefficient >0.76) between the total Mal d 1 content and flavan-3-ol amount and show that the isoform composition of the Mal d 1 proteins, which was determined by LC-MS/MS has a decisive effect on the tolerability of apple genotypes. The approach presented can be applied to other types of fruit and to other allergenic proteins. Therefore, the strategy can be used to reduce the allergen content of other plant foods, thereby improving food safety for allergy subjects.
On-chip electrochemical detection of glucose towards the miniaturised quality control of carbohydrate-based radiotracers
Authors: Patinglag Laila , Esfahani Mohammad M. N. , Ragunathan Kishan , He Ping , Brown Nathaniel J. , Archibald Stephen J. , Pamme Nicole , Tarn Mark D.
Published: June 2020

We have developed two microfluidic platforms for the electrochemical detection of glucose, using either a screen-printed electrode or wire electrodes, towards the quality control testing of carbohydrate-based radiotracers used in medical imaging.
Molecular materials as interfacial layers and additives in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Vasilopoulou Maria , Fakharuddin Azhar , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Falaras Polycarpos , Argitis Panagiotis , Yusoff Abd. Rashid bin Mohd , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: June 2020

Here we review the recent strategies for developing organic and inorganic molecular materials for application as electron and hole transport layers and as additives to achieve high efficiency and stability perovskite solar cells.
3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives as novel scaffold topoisomerase I inhibitor via DNA intercalation: design, synthesis, and antitumor activities
Authors: Yuan Jing-Mei , Chen Nan-Ying , Liao Hao-Ran , Zhang Guo-Hai , Li Xiao-Juan , Gu Zi-Yu , Pan Cheng-Xue , Mo Dong-Liang , Su Gui-Fa
Published: June 2020

Twenty-seven 3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives have been designed and synthesized as topoisomerase I inhibitors.
Characterization of N-linked intact glycopeptide signatures of plasma IgGs from patients with prostate carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia for diagnosis pre-stratification
Authors: Zhang Yong , Lin Tianhai , Zhao Yang , Mao Yonghong , Tao Yiran , Huang Yan , Wang Shisheng , Hu Liqiang , Cheng Jingqiu , Yang Hao
Published: June 2020

The discovery of novel non-invasive biomarkers for discriminating between prostate carcinoma (PCa) patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients is necessary to reduce the burden of biopsies, avoid overdiagnosis and improve quality of life.
Recent advances in sensors for electrochemical analysis of nitrate in food and environmental matrices
Authors: Jiang Chunbo , He Yinghe , Liu Yang
Published: June 2020

Electrochemical determination of nitrate: an overview from the perspective of sample matrices.
Development of a gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow strip for the detection of dinitolmide in chicken tissue
Authors: Liu Jie , Song Shanshan , Wu Aihong , Wu Xiaoling , Xiao Jing , Xu Chuanlai
Published: June 2020

Dinitolmide is a nitro amide coccidiostat used in poultry feed, and is a potential threat to the environment and human health.
Bioinspired hydrogel-based nanofluidic ionic diodes: nano-confined network tuning and ion transport regulation
Authors: Zhu Congcong , Teng Yunfei , Xie Ganhua , Li Pei , Qian Yongchao , Niu Bo , Liu Pei , Chen Weipeng , Kong Xiang-Yu , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping
Published: June 2020

The biological ion channel-based mass transport and signal transduction play a crucial role in physiological activities, and the biomimetic nanochannels with nanoconfined hydrogel network for ion transport have been extensively studied.
Halogenation of A-frame μ-carbido complexes: a diamagnetic rhodium(ii) carbido complex
Authors: Barnett Harrison J. , Hill Anthony F.
Published: June 2020

Chlorination of the new μ-carbido [Rh2(μ-C)Cl2(μ-dppf)2] (dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) affords the dirhodium(ii) complex [Rh2(μ-C)Cl4(μ-dppf)2] the carbido bridge of which can only be adequately described by delocalised bonding.
Filling vacancies in a Prussian blue analogue using mechanochemical post-synthetic modification
Authors: Cattermull John , Wheeler Samuel , Hurlbutt Kevin , Pasta Mauro , Goodwin Andrew L.
Published: June 2020

Mechanochemical grinding offers a method of reducing the vacancy concentration of Prussian blue analogues.
Product-boosted fluorescence signal: a new approach for designing small-molecule probes for detection of peroxynitrite
Authors: Wang Dejia , Huyan Yuchen , Nan Xiaojing , Li Hongjuan , Sun Shiguo , Xu Yongqian
Published: June 2020

In situ self-assembled boronate ester comprising commercially available 2-formylphenylboronic acid and 2-(2′,3′-bihydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (BHBT) is explored for the detection of ONOO− with product-boosted fluorescence.
Ultrahigh rate capability and long cycling stability of dual-ion batteries enabled by TiO2 microspheres with abundant oxygen vacancies
Authors: Mu Tong , Zhang Jiguang , Shi Rui , Zhu Yunfeng , Zhu Jinglian , Liu Yana , Zhang Yao , Li Liquan
Published: June 2020

By introducing oxygen vacancies, TiO2 microspheres exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance for dual Mg/Li-ion batteries.
Poly(ionic liquid)-based polymer composites as high-performance solid-state electrolytes: benefiting from nanophase separation and alternating polymer architecture
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zuo Quan , Wang Lei , Yu Songrui , Mai Yiyong , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: June 2020

Solid-state polymer electrolytes with remarkably high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength are achieved via nanophase separation.
Trends in stabilisation of Criegee intermediates from alkene ozonolysis
Authors: Newland Mike J. , Nelson Beth S. , Muñoz Amalia , Ródenas Milagros , Vera Teresa , Tárrega Joan , Rickard Andrew R.
Published: June 2020

Stabilisation of CI produced in alkene ozonolysis increases with co-product size, due to lower energy of the nascent CI population.
Interaction of light with a non-covalent zinc porphyrin–graphene oxide nanohybrid
Authors: Gacka Ewelina , Burdzinski Gotard , Marciniak Bronisław , Kubas Adam , Lewandowska-Andralojc Anna
Published: June 2020

Fast electron transfer from the photoexcited ZnTPPH singlet state to GO sheets was detected by ultrafast time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy.
Strategies for grouping per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to protect human and environmental health
Authors: Cousins Ian T. , DeWitt Jamie C. , Glüge Juliane , Goldenman Gretta , Herzke Dorte , Lohmann Rainer , Miller Mark , Ng Carla A. , Scheringer Martin , Vierke Lena , Wang Zhanyun
Published: June 2020

Grouping strategies are needed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), in part, because it would be time and resource intensive to test and evaluate the more than 4700 PFAS on the global market on a chemical-by-chemical basis.
Towards greater sustainable development within current Mega-Methanol (MM) production
Authors: Jaggai Celeste , Imkaraaz Zaeem , Samm Kirsten , Pounder Andrew , Koylass Natalia , Chakrabarti Dhurjati Prasad , Guo Miao , Ward Keeran
Published: June 2020

A techno-economic environmental approach to sustainable operations within the Mega-Methanol (MM) industry.
The simple design of a new recyclable magnetic carbon graphite adsorbent based on 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole for the fast extraction of two anti-depressant drugs
Authors: Fahimirad Bahareh , Asghari Alireza
Published: June 2020

In this work, an efficient magnetic nanoadsorbent, cubic SnFe2O4/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) modified by 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT), was synthesized.
Dual adsorbent-photocatalytic keratin–TiO2 nanocomposite for trimethoprim removal from wastewater
Authors: Villanueva María Emilia , Puca Mayra , Pérez Bravo Jonas , Bafico Jonathan , Campo Dall Orto Viviana , Copello Guillermo Javier
Published: June 2020

A keratin hydrogel with immersed TiO2 nanoparticles was developed for the adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of the emerging pollutant trimethoprim.
On demand NIR activated photopolyaddition reactions
Authors: Mokbel Haifaa , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques
Published: June 2020

A new approach based on a photoactivation process is proposed for the polyaddition reaction of epoxy-based systems i.e. both for epoxy/amine and epoxy/anhydride processes that are characterized by huge applications in polymers (e.g. composite and adhesive fields).
A compact silicon–carbon composite with an embedded structure for high cycling coulombic efficiency anode materials in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Wei , Fang Sheng , Wang Ning , Zhang Jianhua , Shi Bimeng , Yu Zhanglong , Yang Juanyu
Published: June 2020

A compact silicon–carbon composite with an embedded structure, which is prepared using coal tar pitch and nanosilicon, can be developed into an anode material with excellent structural stability and cycling performance.
Correction: Multidimensional assembly using layer-by-layer deposition for synchronized cardiac macro tissues
Authors: Jang Yongjun , Jung Da Jung , Choi Seung-Cheol , Lim Do-Sun , Kim Jong-Hoon , Jeong Gi Seok , Kim Jongseong , Park Yongdoo
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Multidimensional assembly using layer-by-layer deposition for synchronized cardiac macro tissues’ by Yongjun Jang et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 18806–18815, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA01577F.
Harmonics mitigation and non‐ideal voltage compensation utilising active power filter based on predictive current control
Authors: Alhasheem Mohammed , Mattavelli Paolo , Davari Pooya
Published: June 2020

It is well‐known that the presence of non‐linear loads in the distribution system can impair the power quality. The problem becomes worse in microgrids and power electronic‐based power systems as the increasing penetration of single‐phase distributed generation may result in a more unbalanced grid voltage. Shunt active power filters (SAPFs) are used for improving the power quality and compensating for the unbalance grid voltage. This study presents a modification of the classical control structure based on the finite control set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC). The proposed control structure can retain all the advantages of FCS‐MPC, while improving the input current quality. Furthermore, a computationally efficient cost function based on only a single objective is introduced, and its effect on reducing the current ripple is demonstrated. The presented solution provides a fast response to the transients as well as compensates for the unbalanced grid voltage conditions. A straightforward single loop controller is compared to the conventional way of realising the active power filters, which is based on space vector pulse width modulation. The simulation results have been obtained from MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, while the obtained experimental results, utilising a 15 kVA power converter, highlight the effective performance of the proposed control scheme and verifies the introduced MPC‐based method as a viable control solution for SAPFs.
Prograde and retrograde P–T evolution of a Variscan high-temperature eclogite, French Massif Central, Haut-Allier
Authors: de Hoÿm de Marien Luc , Pitra Pavel , Cagnard Florence , Le Bayon Benjamin
Published: June 2020

The P–T evolution of a mafic eclogite sample from the Haut-Allier was studied in order to constrain the dynamic of the Variscan subduction in the eastern French Massif Central. Three successive metamorphic stages M1, M2 and M3, are characterized by assemblages comprising garnet1-omphacite-kyanite, garnet2-plagioclase, and amphibole-plagioclase, respectively, and define a clockwise P–T path. These events occurred at the conditions of eclogite (M1; ∼ 20 kbar, 650 °C to ∼ 22.5 kbar, 850 °C), high-pressure granulite (M2; 19.5 kbar and 875 °C) and high-temperature amphibolite facies (M3; < 9 kbar, 750–850 °C), respectively. Pseudosection modelling of garnet growth zoning and mineralogy of the inclusions reveal a prograde M1 stage, first dominated by burial and then by near isobaric heating. Subsequent garnet1 resorption, prior to a renewed growth of garnet2 is interpreted in terms of a decompression during M2. High-pressure partial melting is predicted for both the M1 temperature peak and M2. M3 testifies to further strong decompression associated with limited cooling. The preservation of garnet growth zoning indicates the short-lived character of the temperature increase, decompression and cooling cycle. We argue that such P–T evolution is compatible with the juxtaposition of the asthenosphere against the subducted crust prior to exhumation driven by slab rollback.
Umfassende präoperative Evaluation von Patienten mit Lungenkrebs
Authors: Ewig S. , Larrosa-Lombardi S. , Halboos A. , Hecker E.
Published: June 2020

Anatomische Resektionsverfahren sind unverändert etablierter Standard in der kurativen Behandlung des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms in den Stadien I – III und einiger kleinzelliger Lungenkarzinome. Die Angaben in der Literatur zur Letalität sowie den Komplikationsraten der Resektionsverfahren schwanken jedoch erheblich. Eine Variable, die das Operationsergebnis maßgeblich beeinflusst, ist die Auswahl der Kandidaten für eine Resektion sowie die Bestimmung des Umfangs der Resektion auf dem Boden einer adäquaten Durchführung und Interpretation einer umfassenden mehrdimensionalen präoperativen Evaluation. Elemente dieser Evaluation sind entsprechend verfügbarer Daten und Leitlinien: der ECOG-Score; kardiales Assessment, ggf. zerebrovaskuläres Assessment; pulmonales Assessment, ggf. mit Ergebnissen der Split-Funktionsanalysen, jeweils ggf. nach Therapie bzw. Adjustierung einer Therapie; bei Patienten über 70 Jahren: Score zur allgemeinen Funktionalität (IADL). Im Rahmen dieser Evaluation ergeben sich demnach 3 verschiedene Risikogruppen: Patienten mit einem geringen Risiko für intra- und postoperative Komplikationen und Letalität; Patienten mit einem entsprechend erhöhten Risiko; Patienten, die als inoperabel eingeschätzt werden. Um eine autonome Entscheidung des Patienten über die optimale Therapie auf dem Hintergrund definierter Risiken zu ermöglichen, ist zudem auch die Kenntnis des Patienten, seiner Präferenzen und Wertmaßstäbe sowie seiner familiären und sozialen Einbindung unverzichtbar.
Neuromodulative Schmerztherapie
Authors: Morgalla Matthias
Published: June 2020

Neuromodulative Verfahren zur Behandlung von Schmerzen sind seit über 50 Jahren im Einsatz. In den letzten Jahren wurden entscheidende Neuentwicklungen eingeführt, die die Schmerztherapie weiter verbessern werden. Aus diesem Grunde sollten neuromodulative Verfahren zur Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen in das Behandlungskonzept fest mit einbezogen sein und viel früher eingesetzt werden als bisher.
Robotisch assistierte obere gastrointestinale und hepatopankreatobiliäre Chirurgie: Etablierung durch einen Stepwise Approach und eine Analyse der ersten 100 Operationen
Authors: Thomaschewski Michael , Zimmermann Markus , Müller-Debus Charlotte Friederieke , Windisch Viola , Wellner Ulrich Friedrich , Hummel Richard , Keck Tobias , Bausch Dirk
Published: June 2020

Einleitung Die robotisch assistierte Chirurgie ist eine vielversprechende Technik zur Überwindung der Grenzen der laparoskopischen Chirurgie – insbesondere bei komplexen chirurgischen Eingriffen in der Oberbauchchirurgie. Im Folgenden beschreiben wir die Etablierung komplexer robotisch assistierter Oberbauchchirurgie in unserem Zentrum für minimalinvasive Chirurgie und präsentieren die Ergebnisse aus den ersten 100 Eingriffen.

Material und Methoden Die robotisch assistierte Chirurgie wurde mit dem Da Vinci® Xi Surgical System™ durchgeführt. Die Eingriffe wurden von 2 Chirurgen durchgeführt, die Spezialisten auf dem Gebiet der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie sind. Die robotisch assistierte Oberbauchchirurgie wurde in 3 Schritten etabliert. Step 1: Zunächst wurden robotisch assistierte Eingriffe mit leichterem Schwierigkeitsgrad durchgeführt (Cholezystektomien, atypische Magenresektionen und Fundoplikationen). Step 2: Anschließend wurden linksseitige Pankreasresektionen, Adrenalektomien und Lebersegment- bzw. atypische Leberresektionen als Verfahren mit mittlerem Schwierigkeitsgrad durchgeführt. Step 3: Schließlich wurden fortgeschrittene und hochkomplexe Verfahren durchgeführt (Hemihepatektomien, komplexe Pankreasresektionen, Gastrektomien und Ösophagektomien). Die von Juli 2017 bis Oktober 2018 erhobenen Daten wurden retrospektiv hinsichtlich Konversionsrate, Morbidität (Clavien-Dindo > 2) und Mortalität analysiert.

Ergebnisse Der 1. Schritt der Etablierung unseres Roboterprogramms umfasste 26 Eingriffe. Hier betrugen die Konversionsrate, die Morbidität und die Mortalität jeweils 0%. Im 2. Schritt wurden 23 Eingriffe durchgeführt. Die Konversionsrate, Morbidität und Mortalität lagen bei 28, 8 und 0%. Der letzte Schritt umfasste 51 hochkomplexe operative Verfahren. Diese Verfahren hatten eine Konversionsrate 43%, eine Morbidität von 41% und eine Mortalität von 4%.

Schlussfolgerung Unser Stepwise Approach ermöglicht eine sichere Etablierung robotisch assistierter Oberbauchchirurgie mit vergleichbaren Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsraten – auch bei hochkomplexen operativen Eingriffen. Hochkomplexe Eingriffe erforderten jedoch vergleichsweise häufig eine Konversion, was durch die geringen Erfahrungswerte und durch die Lernkurve beeinflusst sein könnte.
Ambulante Rehabilitationssportangebote für Krebspatienten: Eine Befragungsstudie zu Barrieren und Zugangswegen
Authors: Graf Katharina , Vogt Lutz , Middelmann Felix , Jäger Elke , Banzer Winfried
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund Trotz einer steigenden Anzahl an Rehabilitationssportgruppen für Krebspatienten wird häufig von Schwierigkeiten beim Zugang zu entsprechenden wohnortnahen Angeboten berichtet. Ziel der Untersuchung war daher die Erhebung von Zugangswegen sowie wahrgenommenen Barrieren und Einflussgrößen für den Einstieg und die langfristige Teilnahme am Rehabilitationssport für Krebspatienten.

Methode An der quantitativen und qualitativen Befragung beteiligten sich 189 Teilnehmer aus 21 ambulanten Rehabilitationssportgruppen (63 ± 10 Jahre; 96 % weiblich; 82 % Brustkrebs; Rehasport-Teilnahme seit im Median 29 Monaten). Mittels standardisierten Instruments (offene und geschlossene Fragen, validierte Skalen) wurden systematisch Faktoren erfasst, die Einstieg und Teilnahme am Rehabilitationssport potenziell beeinflussen können (z. B. Barrieren, Motive).

Ergebnisse Vor dem Einstieg hatten 151 (80 %) der Befragten eine Empfehlung für die Teilnahme am Rehabilitationssport bekommen (40 % stationäre Rehabilitation/Anschlussheilbehandlung, 24 % Familie/Freunde, 16 % Onkologe, 11 % Personal der onkologischen Einrichtung, 10 % Hausarzt/Gynäkologe). Hindernisse / Bedenken vor dem Einstieg umfassten insbesondere eine als zu stark wahrgenommene Müdigkeit/Erschöpfung (37 %), zu starke Schmerzen/Unwohlsein (15 %) und das Gefühl einer therapie-/erkrankungsbedingt zu geringen Fitness (14 %) sowie fehlende Kenntnisse über passende Angebote (19 %) und unzureichende Empfehlungen (13 %). Primäre Motive für den Einstieg und die Teilnahme am Rehabilitationssport lagen in einer Verbesserung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden (97 bzw. 93 %) sowie einer Reduktion von (Krankheits-) Beschwerden (96 %) und Rezidivrisiko (82 %). Fast alle Teilnehmer (n = 185; 98 %) wollen nach der Teilnahme am Rehasport weiterhin regelmäßig körperlich-sportlich aktiv bleiben (74 % im Sportverein, davon 36 % zusätzlich privat, 17 % ausschließlich privat). Gut 2 / 3 der Befragten (68 %) haben Interesse, an weiteren regulären Vereinssportangeboten teilzunehmen, 38 % kennen keine anderen Angebote bzw. Möglichkeiten im Verein.

Diskussion Konkrete Empfehlungen und adäquate Aufklärung über Durchführbarkeit, Nutzen und Möglichkeiten von Rehabilitationssport scheinen für den Einstieg in eine entsprechende Krebssportgruppe relevant. Informationen zu Angeboten und Möglichkeiten, bestenfalls bereits während der Krebstherapie, könnten den Einstieg in den Rehasport und konsekutiv einen aktiven Lebensstil sowie die Nutzung des Potenzials von Bewegung unterstützen.
Mikronährstoffe in der Onkologie: Risiko und Nutzen – Update 2020
Authors: Mücke Ralph , Micke Oliver , Büntzel Jens , Adamietz Irenaeus A. , Fakhrian Khashayar
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund Das Interesse sowohl von betreuenden Ärzten als auch Tumorpatienten an der zusätzlichen Einnahme von Mikronährstoffen während einer onkologischen Therapie mit unterschiedlichen Intentionen nimmt zu. Dieses Update liefert deshalb eine Standortbestimmung zum zusätzlichen Einsatz von ausgewählten Mikronährstoffen während der Tumortherapie.

Methoden Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von ausgewählten Mikronährstoffen in der Onkologie, die bis 2018 in zitierfähigen Journalen erschienen sind, durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Daten zu Mikronährstoffen, die sowohl hinsichtlich der Lebensqualität als auch der Prognose einen Nutzen für onkologische Patienten bringen, als auch Erkenntnisse zu Mikronährstoffen, die für die Patienten keinen Benefit haben oder sogar schaden, werden präsentiert. Die gute Datenlage hinsichtlich Vitamin D und Selen erlaubt hier die Empfehlung zur Supplementation nach Spiegelbestimmung im Serum.

Schlussfolgerung Nicht nur vorrangig onkologisch tätige Ärzte, sondern auch alle Ärzte, die Tumorpatienten mitbetreuen, sollten Kenntnisse über die wichtigsten Mikronährstoffe haben, um diese an die Patienten weiterzugeben und sie auch gezielt zum Nutzen der Patienten einzusetzen.
Operationsindikationen bei zystischen Tumoren des Pankreas
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Belyaev Orlin , Bösch Florian , Müller-Debus Charlotte Friederieke , Radulova-Mauersberger Olga , Wellner Ulrich Friedrich , Keck Tobias , Uhl Waldemar , Werner Jens , Witzigmann Helmut , Grützmann Robert
Published: June 2020

Eine stetige Verbesserung der modernen Bildgebung sowie ein steigendes Alter in der Gesellschaft haben dazu geführt, dass zunehmend häufiger zystische Pankreastumoren detektiert werden. Zystische Pankreasraumforderungen stellen eine klinisch herausfordernde Entität dar, da sie ein breites biologisches Spektrum umfassen und ihre Differenzierung untereinander vor allem bei kleinen Tumoren häufig schwierig ist. Sie bedingen daher eine differenzierte Operationsindikationsstellung. Zur Bestimmung von Empfehlungen zur Operationsindikation bei zystischen Tumoren des Pankreas wurde von einer Qualitätskommission für Pankreaserkrankungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt und daraus resultierend folgende Übersichtsarbeit erstellt. Auf Grundlage der aktuellen Evidenz besteht bei Vorliegen von Malignitätszeichen oder Hochrisikokriterien (Ikterus bei Obstruktion des Ductus choledochus durch die
zystische Pankreasläsion, kontrastmittelaufnehmende intramurale Knoten ≥ 5 mm oder solide Komponenten in der Zyste oder Pankreashauptgang ≥ 10 mm) sowie bei Symptomen unabhängig von der Zystenentität (ausgenommen Pankreaspseudozysten) eine Operationsindikation. Ist die Entität der Pankreaszyste mittels bildgebender Diagnostik eruierbar, so sollten alle intraduktalen papillär-muzinösen Neoplasien (IPMN) vom Hauptgang und vom Mischtyp, alle muzinös-zystischen Neoplasien (MCN) > 4 cm sowie alle soliden pseudopapillären Neoplasien (SPN) reseziert werden. Serös-zystische Neoplasien (SCN) und Seitengang-IPMN ohne Risikokriterien stellen primär keine Operationsindikation dar. Die Operationsindikationsstellung bei Seitengang-IPMN mit relativen Risikokriterien und MCN < 4 cm ist Gegenstand aktueller Diskussionen und sollte individuell erfolgen. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll durch ein Herausarbeiten von Indikationsempfehlungen helfen, die Indikationsqualität bei
zystischen Pankreastumoren zu verbessern. Die letztendliche Operationsindikationsstellung sollte jedoch immer individualisiert unter Berücksichtigung von Alter, Komorbiditäten und Patientenwunsch erfolgen.
Latent (Pro)Nucleophiles in Enantioselective Lewis Base Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions
Authors: Vilotijevic Ivan , Lange Markus , Zi You
Published: June 2020

The use of latent nucleophiles, which are molecules that are not nucleophilic but can be activated to act as a nucleophile at an opportune time during the reaction, expands the scope of Lewis base catalyzed reactions. Here, we provide an overview of the concept and show examples of applications to N- and C-centered nucleophiles in allylic substitutions. N- and C-silyl compounds are superior latent (pro)nucleophiles in Lewis base catalyzed reactions with allylic fluorides in which the formation of the strong Si–F bond serves as the driving force for the reactions. The latent (pro)nucleophiles ensure high regio­selectivity in these reactions and enable enantioselective transformations of Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts by the use of common chiral Lewis base catalysts.

1 Introduction

2 Substitution of MBH Carbonates

3 The Concept of Latent (Pro)Nucleophiles

4 Enantioselective Allylation of N-Heterocycles

5 Enantioselective Phosphonyldifluoromethylation of Allylic Fluorides

6 Conclusion
Amide Synthesis by Transamidation of Primary Carboxamides
Authors: Laclef Sylvain , Kolympadi Marković Maria , Marković Dean
Published: June 2020

The amide functionality is one of the most important and widely used groups in nature and in medicinal and industrial chemistry. Because of its importance and as the actual synthetic methods suffer from major drawbacks, such as the use of a stoichiometric amount of an activating agent, epimerization and low atom economy, the development of new and efficient amide bond forming reactions is needed. A number of greener and more effective strategies have been studied and developed. The transamidation of primary amides is particularly attractive in terms of atom economy and as ammonia is the single byproduct. This review summarizes the advancements in metal-catalyzed and organocatalyzed transamidation methods. Lewis and Brønsted acid transamidation catalysts are reviewed as a separate group. The activation of primary amides by promoter, as well as catalyst- and promoter-free protocols, are also described. The proposed mechanisms and key intermediates of the depicted transamidation reactions are shown.

1 Introduction

2 Metal-Catalyzed Transamidations

3 Organocatalyzed Transamidations

4 Lewis and Brønsted Acid Catalysis

5 Promoted Transamidation of Primary Amides

6 Catalyst- and Promoter-Free Protocols

7 Conclusion
Antiepileptic Drugs, Polypharmacy, and Quality of Life in People Living with Epilepsy Managed in General Practice
Authors: Moran Samuel , Peterson Chris , Blackberry Irene , Cook Mark , Walker Christine , Furler John , Shears Graeme , Piccenna Loretta
Published: June 2020

Objective Recently, instances of general practitioners (GPs) prescribing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have increased. We aimed to investigate the use of AEDs in a community sample of people with epilepsy and the effect on quality of life (QoL).

Methods Responses from the Australian Epilepsy Longitudinal Study (AELS), Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (PBS), and Medicare Benefit Scheme (MBS) data were used. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the numbers of AEDs and QoL.

Results Fifty people with epilepsy were prescribed an average of two AEDs. The most common were lamotrigine, sodium valproate, and levetiracetam. Eighty-two percent were prescribed medications from two or more categories of medications. A lower QoL at wave 2 of the AELS was significantly associated with a higher number of AEDs.

Conclusion Given the high number of people with epilepsy being cared for in general practice, GPs must understand the risks and benefits of epilepsy monotherapy, polytherapy, and polypharmacy.
Hypothyroxinemia Detected at 4 Weeks of Life in Preterm Infants Born at Less than 30 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Kaluarachchi Dinushan C. , Colaizy Tarah T. , Lasarev Michael R. , Allen David B. , Klein Jonathan M.
Published: June 2020

Objective Data on free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations beyond first 2 weeks of preterm infants are limited. This study was aimed to describe the association between perinatal characteristics and FT4 concentrations and the incidence of hypothyroxinemia at 4 weeks.

Study Design Retrospective analysis of serum thyroid function tests at 4 weeks in preterm infants <30 weeks of gestation. Association between FT4 at 4 weeks of life and perinatal characteristics were determined by bivariate analysis and multivariable regression. Incidence of hypothyroxinemia was determined using a gestational age adjusted definition based on in utero levels at the equivalent postmenstrual age.

Results The study cohort consisted of 280 infants. FT4 concentrations at 4 weeks of life were significantly associated with gestational age, birth weight, gender, and maternal history of thyroid disease. Hypothyroxinemia was found in 32.8% of the study cohort.

Conclusion Perinatal characteristics are associated with FT4 concentrations at 4 weeks of life. Nearly one-third of infants born <30 weeks had hypothyroxinemia at 4 weeks of life when compared with in utero levels at the equivalent postmenstrual age.