bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les banques centrales peuvent-elles encore être indépendantes ?
Authors: Blot Christophe
Published: February 2019

Cet article discute la notion d’indépendance des banques centrales en s’appuyant sur une analyse critique des fondements du modèle qui s’est imposée dans les années 1990 et en analysant son évolution récente. De fait, les banques centrales sont aujourd’hui fortement impliquées sur les questions de stabilité financière et ont des interactions croissantes avec la politique budgétaire. Nous suggérons alors que l’indépendance des banques centrales n’est pas une condition suffisante pour l’efficacité des politiques économiques. L’élargissement de leur mandat et les interactions avec la politique budgétaire et la régulation financière invitent plutôt à renforcer le contrôle démocratique des banques centrales et la coordination entre la politique monétaire, la politique budgétaire et la politique prudentielle. À cette fin, nous proposons de revoir la composition des comités en charge de la mise en œuvre des politiques monétaire et de régulation financière afin d’internaliser les externalités et de coordonner les décisions.
Role Demands and Work Life Balance among Women Lecturers in Sri Lankan State Universities
Authors: Welmilla I
Published: February 2019

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between role demands of work, family and work life balance. Also, this study tried to explore the factors that influence the supportive work life balance of the women academic staff in university. In quantitative phase of the study, a questionnaire survey was used to gather data from 265 women lecturers in state universities of Sri Lanka. Twenty in -depth interviews were conducted with women lecturers in same universities as gathering qualitative data. Finding of structural equation modeling indeed indicate that the significant negative relationship between role demands and work life balance, it fills a gap in the literature by validating the associations between role demands and work life balance dimensions. The qualitative data were analyzed via thematic exploratory analysis, which suggest that supportive factors for work life balance, such as workplace flexibility, avoiding role interference, correct prioritization, good working environment and personal factors against the role demands, that will be useful to Sri Lankan women in the academic profession to avoid their imbalance of work and family life and it also sends an important message to individuals to encourage work and family satisfaction
De bemoedigende houding
Authors: Brandenburg Daphne
Published: February 2019

The Nurturing Stance. A critical addition to Strawsonian theories of responsibility.

In this paper I provide an important addition to Strawsonian theory. In the first section I briefly discuss the Strawsonian approach to responsibility. Then I discuss in some detail the stance we, according to Strawsonians, take  towards people who lack the abilities to comply with moral norms. This ‘objective stance’ is inconsistent with the stance that is considered typical and desirable in psychiatric contexts and care-relationships more generally speaking. In order to resolve this conflict I formulate an additional stance that allows Strawsonian theory to account for this.
Twee moeders, twee vaders of een vader en een moeder
Authors: Kuyper Lisette , Bos Henny , Gartrell Nanette
Published: February 2019

A population-based comparison of female and male same-sex parent and different-sex parent households

This investigation compared Dutch same-sex parent (both female same-sex and male same-sex) and different-sex parent households on children’s psychological well-being, parenting stress, and support in child rearing. It was also assessed whether associations among children’s well-being, parenting stress, and support in child rearing were different in the two household types. Data were based on a nationally representative survey. Matching was used to enhance similarity in background characteristics between both types of families, resulting in an analytic sample of 190 households (43 female same-sex parent, 52 male same-sex parent, and 95 different-sex parent households) with offspring between 5-18 years old. On children’s well-being, problems in the parent-child relationship, being worried about the child, or the use of formal and informal support, no significant differences were found between mothers in same-sex and different-sex parent households or for fathers in same-sex and different-sex parent households. Regarding one aspect of parenting stress, namely problems in rearing the child, fathers in same-sex parent households and mothers in different-sex parent households reported more problems than their counterparts (fathers and mothers in different-sex families). Neither the associations between children’s well-being and the predictors (parenting stress variables), nor those between support and the predictors (parenting stress and children’s well-being), differed along household type. The no differences that were found in this population-based study on child outcomes regardless of household type confirms the results of prior investigations based on convenience samples. These findings are relevant to family therapists, practitioners, court officials, and policymakers who seek information on gender diversity, parenting experiences and child outcomes in same-sex parent families.
Het psychologisch welbevinden van Nederlandse adolescenten met lesbische moeders die gebruik maakten van een bekende, niet-anonieme of anonieme spermadonor
Authors: van Rijn-Van Gelderen Loes , Gartrell Nanette , Bos Henny
Published: February 2019

Self-esteem and problem behavior in Dutch adolescents conceived through sperm donation in planned lesbian-mother families: Is donor type of importance?

Until 2004, Dutch women seeking donor insemination through medical facilities could opt for open-identity or anonymous donors. Currently, Dutch medical facilities are only allowed to use sperm from open-identity donors. Focusing on adolescents who were born before 2004, the present study provides a unique opportunity to compare the well-being of those conceived through different donor types: known, open-identity, or anonymous. The present study is based on 67 Dutch adolescents (meanage=16.04) conceived through sperm donation in lesbian-mother families. Participating adolescents were asked to complete the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Youth Self-Report, and to answer questions about their donor. Thirty-three adolescents were conceived through known, 22 through open-identity, and 12 through anonymous donors. No significant differences were found on self-esteem or problem behavior among adolescents conceived through the three donor types. Likewise, no significant differences were found on these variables for adolescents with known donors who indicated that these men did or did not play important roles in their lives. Feeling uncomfortable about not knowing one’s donor was associated with lower levels of self-esteem and more externalizing problem behavior. That donor type has no bearing on adolescent self-esteem and problem behavior may help in guiding the donor choices of prospective lesbian parents.
A novel post-processing algorithm for Halo Doppler lidars
Authors: Vakkari Ville , Manninen Antti J. , O'Connor Ewan J. , Schween Jan H. , van Zyl Pieter G. , Marinou Eleni
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Commercially available Doppler lidars have now been
proven to be efficient tools for studying winds and turbulence in the
planetary boundary layer. However, in many cases low signal-to-noise ratio
is still a limiting factor for utilising measurements by these devices.
Here, we present a novel post-processing algorithm for Halo Stream Line
Doppler lidars, which enables an improvement in sensitivity of a factor of
5 or more. This algorithm is based on improving the accuracy of the
instrumental noise floor and it enables longer integration times or
averaging of high temporal resolution data to be used to obtain signals down to −32 dB.
While this algorithm does not affect the measured radial velocity, it
improves the accuracy of radial velocity uncertainty estimates and
consequently the accuracy of retrieved turbulent properties. Field
measurements using three different Halo Doppler lidars deployed in Finland,
Greece and South Africa demonstrate how the new post-processing algorithm
increases data availability for turbulent retrievals in the planetary
boundary layer, improves detection of high-altitude cirrus clouds and
enables the observation of elevated aerosol layers.
3-D tomographic limb sounder retrieval techniques: irregular grids and Laplacian regularisation
Authors: Krasauskas Lukas , Ungermann Jörn , Ensmann Stefan , Krisch Isabell , Kretschmer Erik , Preusse Peter , Riese Martin
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Multiple limb sounder measurements of the same atmospheric region taken from
different directions can be combined in a 3-D tomographic retrieval.
Mathematically, this is a computationally expensive inverse modelling
problem. It typically requires an introduction of some general knowledge of
the atmosphere (regularisation) due to its underdetermined nature. This paper introduces a consistent, physically motivated (no ad-hoc
parameters) variant of the Tikhonov regularisation scheme based on spatial derivatives
of the first-order and Laplacian. As shown by a case study with
synthetic data, this scheme, combined with irregular grid retrieval methods
employing Delaunay triangulation, improves both upon the quality and the
computational cost of 3-D tomography. It also eliminates grid dependence and
the need to tune parameters for each use case. The few physical parameters
required can be derived from in situ measurements and model data. Tests show
that a 82 % reduction in the number of grid points and 50 % reduction in total
computation time, compared to previous methods, could be achieved without
compromising results. An efficient Monte Carlo technique was also adopted for
accuracy estimation of the new retrievals.
Diatom-oxygen isotope record from high-altitude Lake Petit (2200 m a.s.l.) in the Mediterranean Alps: shedding light on a climatic pulse at 4.2 ka
Authors: Cartier Rosine , Sylvestre Florence , Paillès Christine , Sonzogni Corinne , Couapel Martine , Alexandre Anne , Mazur Jean-Charles , Brisset Elodie , Miramont Cécile , Guiter Frédéric
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In the Mediterranean area, the
4.2 ka BP event is recorded with contrasting
expressions between regions. In the southern Alps, the high-altitude Lake
Petit (Mercantour Massif, France; 2200 m a.s.l.) offers pollen and
diatom-rich sediments covering the last 4800 years. A multi-proxy analysis
recently revealed a detrital pulse around 4200 cal BP due to increasing
erosion in the lake catchment. The involvement of a rapid climate change leading
to increasing runoff and soil erosion was proposed. Here, in order to clarify
this hypothesis, we measured the oxygen isotope composition of diatom silica
frustules (δ18Odiatom) from the same sedimentary core.
Diatoms were analysed by laser fluorination isotope ratio mass spectrometry
after an inert gas flow dehydration. We additionally enhanced the accuracy of
the age–depth model using the
Bacon R package. The
δ18Odiatom record allows us to identify a 500-year time
lapse, from 4400 to 3900 cal BP, where δ18Odiatom reached its
highest values (>31 ‰). δ18Odiatom was about
3 ‰ higher than the modern values and the shifts at 4400 and
3900 cal BP were of similar amplitude as the seasonal δ18Odiatom shifts occurring today. This period of high δ18Odiatom values can be explained by the intensification of
18O-enriched Mediterranean precipitation events feeding the lake during
the ice-free season. This agrees with other records from the southern Alps
suggesting runoff intensification around 4200 cal BP. Possible changes in
other climatic parameters may have played a concomitant role, including a decrease
in the contribution of 18O-depleted Atlantic winter precipitation to the
lake water due to snow deficit. Data recording the 4.2 ka BP event in the
north-western Mediterranean area are still sparse. In the Lake Petit
watershed, the 4.2 ka BP event translated into a change in precipitation
regime from 4400 to 3900 cal BP. This record contributes to the recent
efforts to characterize and investigate the geographical extent of the
4.2 ka BP event in the Mediterranean area.
Topological data analysis and machine learning for recognizing atmospheric river patterns in large climate datasets
Authors: Muszynski Grzegorz , Kashinath Karthik , Kurlin Vitaliy , Wehner Michael ,   Prabhat
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Identifying weather patterns that frequently lead to extreme weather events
is a crucial first step in understanding how they may vary under different
climate change scenarios. Here, we propose an automated method for
recognizing atmospheric rivers (ARs) in climate data using topological data
analysis and machine learning. The method provides useful information about
topological features (shape characteristics) and statistics of ARs. We
illustrate this method by applying it to outputs of version 5.1 of the
Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 (CAM5.1) and the reanalysis product of
the second Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
(MERRA-2). An advantage of the proposed method is that it is threshold-free
– there is no need to determine any threshold criteria for the detection
method – when the spatial resolution of the climate model changes. Hence,
this method may be useful in evaluating model biases in calculating AR
statistics. Further, the method can be applied to different climate scenarios
without tuning since it does not rely on threshold conditions. We show that
the method is suitable for rapidly analyzing large amounts of climate model
and reanalysis output data.
Strong March Phenomenon and Weak January Effect in the U.S. Bond Market
Authors: Gu Anthony Yanxiang
Published: February 2019

The month of March has been the worst month for the U.S. bond market. Mean March return is the lowest among the twelve months’ and March experienced the lowest frequency of positive returns from 1987 through 2015. Returns of March are significantly negatively related to returns of all the other eleven months, to yields of 10-year U.S. Treasury bond, and to March returns of U.S. equity market. They are significantly positively related to annual returns of the U.S. bond market. There is a weak January effect in the U.S. bond market.
Avaluació i aprenentatge en espais innovadors AICLE
Authors: Eixarch Domènech Elisabeth
Published: February 2019

L’estudi de cas que es presenta en aquest article parteix de la necessitat d’avaluar rigorosament els programes d’innovació d’Aprenentatge Integrat de Contingut i Llengua Estrangera (AICLE) que es porten a terme en alguns centres educatius de secundària de Catalunya. L’estudi avalua les programacions de tres unitats didàctiques AICLE de ciències en anglès a diferents nivells educatius de l’etapa de secundària obligatòria (ESO), d’un Institut de secundària de la Barcelona metropolitana, i presenta una anàlisi detallada de les activitats d’ensenyament-aprenentatge i d’avaluació específicament dissenyades per a les aules AICLE del centre, amb l’objectiu d’establir l’existència o no d’una concordança entre unes i altres, i alhora analitzar l’adequació d’aquestes activitats per avaluar i promoure l’assoliment de dues de les vuit competències que es defineixen com a bàsiques en el Currículum de l’ensenyament secundari obligatori: la competència comunicativa lingüística i audiovisual (Cb1) i la competència d’aprendre a aprendre (Cb5).
From “This is impossible” to “I will make the standard higher”: A close look at interaction in the CLIL classroom
Authors: Fuentes Miquel Àngel , Hernández Elena
Published: February 2019

This paper aims at exploring the complexities of students’ interaction in a collaborative learning task set within a CLIL unit in the EFL classroom. By way of illustration, a sample from a 4th year classroom grade in a secondary school of Catalonia has been collected. The paper examines, through the students’ outcome, the impact of cooperative learning in a content-rich information swap task and discusses the role of content and language integrated learning in the classroom. This paper concludes with several implications for research and practice.
¿Realizan los alumnos las tareas de intercambio oral de información en el aula AICLE?
Authors: Horrillo Godino Zoraida
Published: February 2019

Numerosos estudios prueban que la participación de los estudiantes de segundas lenguas en tareas orales en pequeños grupos promueve aprendizajes (lingüísticos). Sin embargo, los profesores se muestran reacios a implementar dichas tareas porque creen que los alumnos las abandonarán en cuanto les cedan el control de su ejecución. Para explorar qué hacen realmente los alumnos cuando controlan una tarea oral, este artículo estudia los dos tipos de actividad que toda una clase de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria desarrolla mientras trabaja en una tarea por parejas: la actividad orientada hacia la ejecución de dicha tarea (actividad on) y la que supone un abandono de la misma (actividad off). La tarea que se les asigna, un intercambio de información de ciencias naturales en inglés, fue diseñada a partir del enfoque AICLE (Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lengua) y la técnica del rompecabezas. El tiempo que invierte cada díada en subtipos de actividad on y off se midió en segundos. Subsiguientemente se calcularon porcentajes. Un resultado destacable es el hecho de que algunos alumnos continuaron utilizando la lengua meta después de abandonar la tarea. Otro indica que casi todas las parejas invirtieron la mayor parte de su tiempo a conversar sobre el tema meta de ciencias naturales.
Den glemte historien. Kristne på Den arabiske halvøy
Authors: Thorbjørnsrud Berit
Published: February 2019

Bit for bit rekonstruerer forskere i dag historien om den kristne blomstringsperioden på Den arabiske halvøy. Hva kan den fortelle oss om denne glemte perioden?
Er Libya eit land?
Authors: Vikør Knut S.
Published: February 2019

Kva skal til for at eit territorium kan kallas for eit «land»? Libya er ein «stat»,men har ei kort historie som «nasjon». Kan historia til den austlige provinsenCyrenaica fortelle oss noe om territoriell identitet?
Orienten i Sverige och Norden
Authors: Brandell Inga , Rabo Annika
Published: February 2019

Perspektiv på forskningens historia och möjliga framtid.
Folk uten land
Authors: Hovdenak Are
Published: February 2019

Fordrivelse, forfølgelse og okkupasjon. Det er erfaringer flere folkegrupper i Midtøsten og Nord-Afrika har måttet leve med innenfor dagens statsgrenser. For dem er frihet i egen stat fortsatt en fjern drøm. Kurderne er splittet mellom flere stater, palestinerne og sahrawiene er fordrevet eller okkupert, mens berberne opplever undertrykkelse og diskriminering. Denne bildereportasjen viser noen glimt fra kurdere i Iran og Irak, palestinere i Libanon og Palestina, og berbere og sahrawier i Algerie. Alle bilder: Are Hovdenak
Genetic Characterization of Fungi Isolated from Environmental Samples: A Molecular Surveillance Study of Public Health Importance
Authors: Sulaiman Irshad M , Jacobs Emily , Simpson Steven B
Published: February 2019

Background: A multistate fungal meningitis outbreak began in September 2012 that affected 751 individuals who received contaminated spinal injections across 20 states in the United States, which led to 64 deaths. In our previous study, we examined 26 environmental swab samples collected from various locations of the manufacturing premises of the compounding company to determine the possible cause of this outbreak and identified 14 novel species of fungi. Objective: In this follow-up study, a total of 198 environmental surveillance samples were collected and analyzed to detect pathogenic fungal species from other compounding company premises located in three regions of the United States. Methods: DNA sequencing was performed at the large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions on the 25 positive fungal isolates. Results: Sequence analysis of the ITS1, the ITS2, and the LSU rRNA regions confirmed the presence of the following fungal species in the samples analyzed: (1) Pestalotiopsis cocculi from the region I; (2) Epicoccum nigrum and Trichaptum biforme from the region I; (3) Nigrospora sphaerica and Fusarium sp. from the region II; and (4) Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., and Preussia sp. from the region III. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the LSU and ITS regions are good genetic markers to perform fungal typing. Highlights: DNA sequencing technology can be used in the implementation of effective environmental monitoring programs of public health importance.
A casa púrpura e escarlate: estudo sobre aspectos sociorreligiosos da violência doméstica experienciada por sete mulheres pentecostais. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG.
Authors: Ritz Claudia Danielle Andrade
Published: February 2019

Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender a violência doméstica experienciada por sete mulheres pentecostais e identificar os aspectos sociorreligiosos presentes. Para tanto, utilizamos de pesquisa exploratória qualitativa composta por referencial bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo. Acerca do referencial bibliográfico, focamos nos três eixos temáticos da nossa pesquisa: violência doméstica, relações de gênero e pentecostalismo. Na pesquisa de campo utilizamos questionário estruturado e realizamos entrevistas individuais. Nossas entrevistadas foram identificadas a partir dos critérios: experiência de violência doméstica, maioridade civil, ser pentecostal e aceitar livremente participar da pesquisa. Foi possível entrevistar sete mulheres pentecostais, contingente da nossa pesquisa de campo. A partir dos estudos bibliográficos e da pesquisa de campo, notamos que a violência doméstica tem característica de violência de gênero. As relações de gênero mostram desigualdades marcadas por poder e dominação, oriundos de construções socioculturais. Partindo dos dados coletados, observamos que o perfil socioeconômico das entrevistadas é condizente com a predominância brasileira de pobreza e estudo formal limitado. Na violência doméstica, os principais agressores são os cônjuges. Há ocorrência de várias formas de violência e de maneira reincidente no decorrer de décadas, com predominância na manutenção do vínculo matrimonial. A descendência vivencia a violência doméstica que se desenrola nas casas. Acerca do aspecto religioso, constatamos que a religiosidade das entrevistadas permeia os discursos e orienta os cotidianos. Anseios, sonhos e perspectivas vindouros de natureza social, econômica e religiosa, são adornados por crenças e pela fé que as mulheres professam. O pentecostalismo enquanto meio norteador para a prática religiosa é caracterizado pelas entrevistadas como benéfico sob vários aspectos e contextos. No entanto, não identificamos nos discursos das entrevistadas elementos de natureza religiosa e da pertença pentecostal que favoreçam relações de gênero mais equitativas e que contribuam ativamente para o cessar da violência doméstica que experienciam.
A internacionalização do movimento zapatista: a presença da solidariedade de classe transnacional em Chiapas
Authors: Demuner Davi Matias Marra
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a experiência zapatista em sua coordenação de forças sociais que transcendem a dimensão local/nacional, alcançando a solidariedade transnacional acerca de sua resistência frente ao Estado mexicano e na construção de um projeto político alternativo em Chiapas. Por meio do framework de classes e a Análise de Discurso Crítica, recorremos a momentos relevantes do curso histórico do movimento para entender a partir de quais elementos discursivos ocorre a prática social zapatista revolucionária em convergência com o auxílio material e ideológico da sociedade civil internacional. Entendemos que apesar da influência externa gerada pela sua práxis em Chiapas, o zapatismo  não se desterritorializa em meio as dimensões geopolíticas da guerra de posição na globalização – entendida pelos zapatistas como uma “quarta guerra mundial” – e atua em associação com ONG/ONGIs sem deixar a crítica acerca do processo de transformismo que essas organizações podem acarretar sobre os movimentos sociais.
Brazilian engagement to Asia and the Belt and Road Initiative in 2017: less politics, more trade and investments
Authors: Gabriel João Paulo Nicolini , Pires Desirée Almeida , Carvalho Carlos Eduardo
Published: February 2019

The paper aims to understand Brazilian position in relation to Asia and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), based on a review of the bibliography and journalistic articles on Brazil-Asia subject and an observance of official data of the Brazilian economy. Since Dilma Rousseff until Michel Temer’s government, Brazil has facing a troubled political and economic scenario, which negatively impacts on its diplomacy. Although Brazil reaffirmed its commitment with global strategic partnership with China in terms of trade flows, the lack of Brazilian participation on issues of global political nature directly impacts on the way in which Brasilia moved its attention to the BRI and to the Asian affairs. The ambitious proportions and objectives of the BRI summed to the rise of a nationalist economic policy of the United States indicate a deepening of several movements that have been changing the international balance of power, which can offer opportunities for Brazil, by means of a cohesive long-term policy for Asia and in a multifaceted way beyond trade.
El acercamiento de la provincia de Santa Fe a Kuwait y Emiratos Árabes Unidos: un ejemplo de la activa paradiplomacia santafecina (2007-2017)
Authors: Fabani Ornela
Published: February 2019

En el marco de un escenario internacional atravesado por el fenómeno de la globalización, en las últimas décadas los actores subnacionales han comenzado a encontrar espacios para desarrollar su acción externa. De esta forma, lo que inicialmente fueron hechos aislados han cobrado visos de cotidianeidad mientras que, paralelamente, dichas acciones han dejado de ser exclusivas de unos pocos actores subnacionales para expandirse y adoptar diferentes modalidades e intensidades.En este marco nos interesa atender al acercamiento de la provincia de Santa Fe a Emiratos Árabes Unidos (EAU) y Kuwait, dos actores pertenecientes a una región lejana, con los cuales la Argentina en su conjunto no ha tenido un vínculo de primera línea a través del tiempo.Dicho esto, el objetivo de nuestro trabajo reside en indagar en los objetivos que persigue, las acciones en las que se plasma y los avances que se han logrado a partir del acercamiento de la provincia de Santa Fe a Kuwait y EAU en el periodo que se extiende entre 2007 y 2017. Con tal fin recurriremos a un abordaje cualitativo fundado tanto en fuentes primarias como secundarias.
Os princípios do sistema internacional no oriente próximo antigo: redistribuição e reciprocidade
Authors: Teixeira Rodrigo Corrêa , Scotelaro Marina
Published: February 2019

Com base na análise do arquivo denominado Cartas de Amarna, que menciona um movimento de mercadorias entre o Egito e os grandes estados de seu entorno, o artigo propõe uma distinção entre os dons habituais entre reis e os dons enviados por uma razão de comércio entre excedentes produtos. O artigo destaca a correspondência com o Egito das grandes potências do período: Assíria, Babilônia, Mitani e Hatti (o reino dos hititas), bem como as cartas dos príncipes vassalos asiáticos do Faraó. Entre outras referências, utilizou-se o trabalho seminal de Mario Liverani (2003), baseado em um entrecruzamento de análise das fontes primárias ao longo de cinco séculos de relações internacionais (1600-1100 a.C.). Embora semelhante em muitos outros aspectos da civilização egípcia, o período de amarniense coloca dúvidas e evidências que permitem repensar a concepção convencional de sua história. Liverani (2003), adotando alguns conceitos da Escola Substantivista representada por Karl Polany (1957, 2000, 2012), sustenta que os países estrangeiros são provedores de bens para o Egito em diferentes formas - tais como "tributos", "regalos" e "maravilhas" ou produtos exóticos - concluindo que é um comércio administrado, em vez de uma redistribuição burocrática, assim como uma abordagem ortodoxa entendia esse processo
Da operação de manutenção de paz à cooperação técnica: as iniciativas brasileiras para a paz em Moçambique (1992-2010)
Authors: Kemer Thaise , Pereira Alexsandro Eugenio
Published: February 2019

Esse artigo analisa a participação brasileira nas iniciativas das Nações Unidas no processo de paz de Moçambique e argumenta que o Brasil não adotou uma agenda de longo prazo para a paz associada ao desenvolvimento econômico e social nesse país. Para evidenciar esse argumento, o artigo examinou a participação do Brasil no contexto da Operação das Nações Unidas em Moçambique (ONUMUZ) e analisou os acordos de cooperação técnica entre Brasil e Moçambique entre 1990 e 2010. Com base nessa análise, evidenciou que não houve continuidade entre a participação do Brasil na ONUMOZ e os acordos bilaterais de cooperação técnica entre Brasil e Moçambique. Durante o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso apenas cinco acordos de cooperação bilateral foram implementados. Esse número foi ampliado no governo Lula. Com base nesses números, evidencia-se que a promoção do desenvolvimento esteve mais associada a decisões específicas de cada governo do que a uma política externa brasileira orientada à construção da paz, a qual demandaria a intensificação desses acordos após o término da ONUMOZ como forma de oferecer condições estruturais para a paz aos moçambicanos.
Predator-Prey Interactions in Ciliated Protists
Authors: Buonanno Federico , Ortenzi Claudio
Published: February 2019

Protists appeared relatively early in evolution, about 1.8 billion years ago, soon after the first prokaryotic organisms. During this time period, most species developed a variety of behavioral, morphological, and physiological strategies intended to improve the ability to capture prey or to avoid predation. In this scenario, a key role was played by specialized ejectable membrane-bound organelles called extrusomes, which are capable of discharging their content to the outside of the cell in response to various stimuli. The aim of this chapter is to describe the two main strategies adopted in ciliate predator-prey interactions: (a) the first is mediated by mechanical mechanisms and involves, for example, extrusomes called trichocysts and (b) the second is mediated by toxic secondary metabolites and involves different kinds of chemical extrusomes.
Edema Management in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Yassutaka Faria Yaedu Renato , de Almeida Barbosa Mello Marina , Specian Zabotini da Silveira Juliana , Carolina Bonetti Valente Ana
Published: February 2019

This chapter will discuss the expected edema and intercurrences in maxillofacial surgery, which involves important anatomical structures, such as the upper airways. It will also discuss important issues such as intrinsic and extrinsic enhancers of edema and the main consequences of a severe edema setting according to physiological, functional, and psychosocial points of view. Edema assessment and measurement is still performed subjectively in the clinical routine. However, for the accomplishment of studies, more objective forms are being tested, but still not very successful for clinical applicability. It is known that the best way to deal with edema is prevention; so in elective surgeries, much is discussed about the best management forms. This way, besides edema prevention, it is important not to cause unwanted reactions for the patient or in the performed procedure. Therefore, it will also be debated about preoperative medications and their consequences. Another point discussed involves main treatments for the underdeveloping edema and the one already installed, such as manual lymphatic drainage therapy, a treatment that is well known and used in other specialties, but is still very little widespread among maxillofacial surgeons.
Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia. Part 2 – Two new tree-climbing species of the genus Siphonophora, including one showing pilosity polymorphism (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)
Authors: Read Helen J. , Enghoff Henrik
Published: February 2019

This is the second part of a study of a large collection of Siphonophoridae Cook, 1895 from Brazil. Here, those without an abrupt division between the head and rostrum are considered. Two species have been distinguished and are described as Siphonophora setaepromissa sp. nov. and S. tuberculata sp. nov. Siphonophora hebetunguis (Attems, 1951) from the same region has many similarities with the two new species and is redescribed from type material. Comparisons have also been made with S. fuhrmanni Carl, 1914, and comments are made on the genera Cordillerium Verhoeff, 1941, Pterozonium Attems, 1951, Rhinosiphora Verhoeff, 1924, and Siphonophora Brandt, 1837. Finally, some suggestions for characters to look at in future collections of siphonophorids are made based on experience of this collection.
A prognostic signature based on three non‐coding RNAs for prediction of the overall survival of glioma patients
Authors: Xian Junmin , Zhang Quanzhong , Guo Xiwen , Liang Xiankun , Liu Xinhua , Feng Yugong
Published: February 2019

Recent studies have identified certain non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as biomarkers of disease progression. Glioma is the most common primary intracranial cancer, with high mortality. Here, we developed a prognostic signature for prediction of overall survival (OS) of glioma patients by analyzing ncRNA expression profiles. We downloaded gene expression profiles of glioma patients along with their clinical information from the Gene Expression Omnibus and extracted ncRNA expression profiles via a microarray annotation file. Correlations between ncRNAs and glioma patients’ OS were first evaluated through univariate Cox regression analysis and a permutation test, followed by random survival forest analysis for further screening of valuable ncRNA signatures. Prognostic signatures could be established as a risk score formula by including ncRNA signature expression values weighted by their estimated regression coefficients. Patients could be divided into high risk and low risk subgroups by using the median risk score as cutoff. As a result, glioma patients with a high risk score tended to have shorter OS than those with low risk scores, which was confirmed by analyzing another set of glioma patients in an independent dataset. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of cancer development‐related biological processes and pathways. Our study may provide further insights into the evaluation of glioma patients’ prognosis.
Aggression by male bonobos against immature individuals does not fit with predictions of infanticide
Authors: Gottfried Hohmann , Vigilant Linda , Mundry Roger , Behringer Verena , Surbeck Martin
Published: February 2019

The selective advantage of male infanticide is enhancement of reproductive success of the aggressor. This implies that aggression is directed at individuals sired by others, infant loss shortens the mother's inter‐birth interval, and the aggressor has a greater likelihood of siring the next offspring of the victims’ mother. As these conditions are not always met, the occurrence of male infanticide is expected to vary, and hominoid primates offer an interesting example of variation in male infanticide. Infanticide has been reported in gorillas and chimpanzees but appears to be absent in orangutans and bonobos. One argument for the absence of infanticide in bonobos is reduction of male aggression. However, given that male aggression against immature individuals occurs and that females engage in behavior that is considered to be counterstrategy against male infanticide, the risk of male infanticide may pose a potential threat. Here, we explored whether aggression by male bonobos fits predictions of male infanticide. Male aggression toward immature individuals was rare and did not have lethal consequences, but the majority of observed cases exposed targets to risks of injury. Males did not target their own offspring less frequently than unrelated immatures, and the risk of being the target of male aggression increased with the targets’ age. Overall, these results do not match the predictions of the adaptive male infanticide hypothesis. Instead, aggression by males may promote the emigration of the targets and older males may reinforce their superior status toward individuals that will soon compete for the same resources.
A survey on adverse incidents in legal psychology studies: Reflections on ethics review
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Sagana Anna , Merckelbach Harald
Published: February 2019

Ethics committees (ECs) regulate research activities to maintain research participants' autonomy and to protect them from harm and injury. No research to date attempted to establish how much risk is involved in social‐science research. Using a survey approach, we set out to estimate the risk of being involved in an incident for research participants in legal psychology and assessed researchers' views of ECs. Fifty‐nine of 188 respondents (31%) stated that they had experienced one or more incidents with a participant. The estimated risk of being involved in an incident was one to three per 10,000 participants, which according to biomedical standards defines a rare risk. Although some researchers were satisfied with their EC, the general tenor was one of discontent due to conservative decision‐making, lacking expertise, and overstepping demands. Whether ECs succeed in protecting participants from loss of autonomy, harm and injury are unknown but are open to empirical research.
From Fancy Blue to Red: Controlled Production of a Vibrant Color Spectrum of Fluorescent Diamond Particles
Authors: Dei Cas Laura , Zeldin Steven , Nunn Nicholas , Torelli Marco , Shames Alexander I. , Zaitsev Alexander M. , Shenderova Olga
Published: February 2019

The current study reports a breakthrough method for production of multicolor diamond particulates using a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) approach with precise temperature and time control, enabling annealing of diamond particulates up to 2100 °C without extensive graphitization. The RTA method generates conditions which allow formation of one‐, two‐, and three‐atom nitrogen complexes with vacancies in electron irradiated type Ib synthetic diamond, providing vibrant luminescence in the red, green, and blue spectral ranges, correspondingly. Controlled and highly reproducible formation of specific color centers previously not possible in type Ib synthetic diamond particles opens new opportunities for particulate diamond in a plethora of fluorescence imaging applications in biological and industrial fields.
Revealing the functions of novel mutations in RAB3GAP1 in Martsolf and Warburg micro syndromes
Authors: Koparir Asuman , Karatas Omer Faruk , Yilmaz Seda Salman , Suer Ilknur , Ozer Bugra , Yuceturk Betul , Ozen Mustafa
Published: February 2019

Purpose: Martsolf (MS) and Warburg micro syndromes (WARBM) are rare autosomal recessive inherited allelic disorders, which share similar clinical features including microcephaly, intellectual disability, brain malformations, ocular abnormalities, and spasticity. Here, we revealed the functions of novel mutations in RAB3GAP1 in a Turkish female patient with MS and two siblings with WARBM. We also present a review of MS patients as well as all reported RAB3GAP1 pathogenic mutations in the literature. Methods: We present a female with MS phenotype and two siblings with WARBM having more severe phenotypes. We utilized whole‐exome sequencing to identify the molecular basis of these syndromes and confirmed suspected variants by Sanger sequencing. Quantitative (q) RT‐PCR analysis was carried out to reveal the functions of novel splice site mutation detected in MS patient. Results: We found a novel homozygous c.2607‐1G>C splice site mutation in intron 22 of RAB3GAP1 in MS patient and a novel homozygous c.2187_2188delinsCT, p.(Met729_Lys730delinsIleTer) mutation in exon 19 of RAB3GAP1 in the WARBM patients. We showed exon skipping in MS patient by Sanger sequencing and gel electrophoresis. qRT‐PCR analysis demonstrated the reduced expression of RAB3GAP1 in the patient with the c.2607‐1G>C splice site mutation compared to a healthy control individual. Conclusion: Here, we have studied two novel RAB3GAP1 mutations in two different phenotypes; a MS associated novel splice site mutation, and a WARBM1 associated novel deletion–insertion mutation. Our findings suggest that this splice site mutation is responsible for milder phenotype and the deletion–insertion mutation presented here is associated with severe phenotype.
Strong Ground‐ and Excited‐State Charge Transfer in C3‐Symmetric Truxene‐Derived Phenothiazine‐Tetracyanobutadine and Expanded Conjugates
Authors: Sharma Rekha , Thomas Michael B. , Misra Rajneesh , D'Souza Francis
Published: February 2019

The C3‐symmetric star‐shaped phenothiazene‐substituted truxene 1 was reacted with the electron acceptors tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). The cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization reaction yields the conjugates 2 and 3. A combination of spectral, electrochemical, and photophysical investigations of 2 and 3 reveals that the functionalization of the triple bond has a pronounced effect on their ground and excited‐state interactions. Specifically, the existence of strong ground‐state interactions between phenothiazine and the electron‐accepting groups results in charge‐transfer states, while subsequent ultrafast charge separation yields electron transfer products. This is unprecedented not only in phenothiazine chemistry but also in tetracyanobutadiene‐ and dicyanoquinodimethane‐derived donor–acceptor conjugates. Additionally, by manipulating spectroelectrochemical data, a spectrum of the charge‐separated species is construed for the first time, and shown to be highly useful in interpreting the rather complex transient spectra.
Direct Production of Higher Oxygenates by Syngas Conversion over a Multifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Lin Tiejun , Qi Xingzhen , Wang Xinxing , Xia Lin , Wang Caiqi , Yu Fei , Wang Hui , Li Shenggang , Zhong Liangshu , Sun Yuhan
Published: February 2019

Selective synthesis of higher oxygenates (linear α‐alcohols and α‐aldehydes, C
OH) from syngas is highly attractive but remains challenging owing to the low C
OH selectivity and low catalytic stability. Herein we introduce a multifunctional catalyst composed of CoMn and CuZnAlZr oxides that dramatically increased the oxygenates selectivity to 58.1 wt %, where more than 92.0 wt % of the produced oxygenates are C
OH. Notably, the total selectivity to value‐added chemicals including oxygenates and olefins reached 80.6 wt % at CO conversion of 29.0 % with high stability. The appropriate component proximity can effectively suppress the formation of the undesired C1 products, and the selectively propulsion of reaction network by synergetic effect of different components contributes to the enhanced selectivity to higher oxygenates. This work provides an alternative strategy for the rational design of new catalysts for direct conversion of syngas into higher oxygenates with co‐production of olefins.
Stabilizing the Oxygen Lattice and Reversible Oxygen Redox Chemistry through Structural Dimensionality in Lithium‐Rich Cathode Oxides
Authors: Zhao Enyue , Li Qinghao , Meng Fanqi , Liu Jue , Wang Junyang , He Lunhua , Jiang Zheng , Zhang Qinghua , Yu Xiqian , Gu Lin , Yang Wanli , Li Hong , Wang Fangwei , Huang Xuejie
Published: February 2019

Lattice‐oxygen redox (l‐OR) has become an essential companion to the traditional transition‐metal (TM) redox charge compensation to achieve high capacity in Li‐rich cathode oxides. However, the understanding of l‐OR chemistry remains elusive, and a critical question is the structural effect on the stability of l‐OR reactions. Herein, the coupling between l‐OR and structure dimensionality is studied. We reveal that the evolution of the oxygen‐lattice structure upon l‐OR in Li‐rich TM oxides which have a three‐dimensional (3D)‐disordered cation framework is relatively stable, which is in direct contrast to the clearly distorted oxygen‐lattice framework in Li‐rich oxides which have a two‐dimensional (2D)/3D‐ordered cation structure. Our results highlight the role of structure dimensionality in stabilizing the oxygen lattice in reversible l‐OR, which broadens the horizon for designing high‐energy‐density Li‐rich cathode oxides with stable l‐OR chemistry.
Caffeine gold complex supported on magnetic nanoparticles as a green and high turnover frequency catalyst for room temperature A3 coupling reaction in water
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Afrasi Mahmoud , Najera Carmen
Published: February 2019

A new heterogeneous catalyst derived from gold (III) and supported on caffeine‐coated magnetic nanoparticles, Fe3O4@Caff‐Au, has been prepared and characterized using different techniques. This magnetic gold composite shows high catalytic activity in A3 coupling reactions of terminal alkynes, aldehydes and secondary amines. Using this green catalyst, propargylamines are obtained in high turnover frequency in short reaction times using water as solvent at room temperature. This stable and ready accessible catalyst can be easily recycled magnetically for at least nine consecutive runs without significant loss of activity and with slight aggregation of Au species.
Short‐term results of patients with neural tube defects followed‐up in the Konya region, Turkey
Authors: Yorulmaz Alaaddin , Konak Murat
Published: February 2019

Background

Additional congenital anomalies have often been found in patients with neural tube defect (NTD). We aimed to find out the clinical features, short term prognosis, treatment approaches, and systemic anomalies of NTD patients in the Konya region.

Method

A total of 186 newborn babies with NTD were retrospectively included in the study and all were assessed in detail for congenital anomalies and clinical features.

Results

When the application month of the patients was examined, it was seen that the most frequent month was July. Of 186 babies, 101(54.3%) had meningomyelocele, 53 (28.5%) had meningocele, 13 (7.0%) had encephalocele, 16 (8.6%) had spina bifida occulta, and 4 (2.1%) had anencephaly. Of these patients, 97 (52.2%) were male and 89 (47.8%) were female. Hydrocephalus was an almost constant finding and was found in 140 (75.3%) patients. 51 (27.4%) patients had congenital heart disease (CHD). The most common CHD was atrial septal defect 22.3%. Orthopedic anomaly was detected in 51 (27.4%) patients, nephrological anomaly was found in 47 (25.3%) of the cases, congenital hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 14 (7.5%) patients with NTD. The mortality rate of patients diagnosed with NTD was 7.5%. The rates of premature delivery and consanguinity between parents were higher in patients with NTD.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that at least one congenital anomaly is also present in about two‐thirds of newborn babies with NTD, and these anomalies significantly increase their morbidity and mortality. All newborn babies with NTD should be screened for additional congenital anomalies and evaluated with more organized, multidisciplinary methods.