bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bidentate Ligand Featuring Ditopic Lewis Acids in the Second Sphere for Selective Substrate Capture and Activation
Authors: Beagan Daniel M. , Kiernicki John J. , Zeller Matthias , Szymczak Nathaniel K.
Published: February 2023

We present a ligand platform featuring appended ditopic Lewis acids to facilitate capture/activation of diatomic substrates. We show that incorporation of two 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9‐BBN) units on a single carbon tethered to a pyridine pyrazole scaffold maintains a set of unquenched nitrogen donors available to coordinate FeII, ZnII, and NiII. Using hydride ion affinity and competition experiments, we establish an additive effect for ditopic secondary sphere boranes, compared to the monotopic analogue. These effects are exploited to achieve high selectivity for binding NO2− in the presence of competitive anions such as F− and NO3−. Finally, we demonstrate hydrazine capture within the second‐sphere of metal complexes, followed by unique activation pathways to generate hydrazido and diazene ligands on Zn and Fe, respectively.
Graphdiyne‐Based Single‐Atom Catalysts with Different Coordination Environments
Authors: Fu Xinliang , Zhao Xin , Lu Tong‐Bu , Yuan Mingjian , Wang Mei
Published: February 2023

As a special carbon material, graphdiyne (GDY) features the superiorities of incomplete charge transfer effect on the atomic level, tunable electronic structure and anchoring metal atoms directly with organometallic coordination bonds M (metal)‐C (alkynyl carbon in GDY), providing it an ideal platform to construct single‐atom catalysts (ACs). The coordination environment of single atoms anchored on GDY plays a key role in their catalytic performance. The mini‐review highlights state‐of‐the‐art progress in the rational design of GDY‐based ACs and their applications, and mainly reveals the relationship between the coordination engineering of the GDY‐based ACs and corresponding catalytic performance. Finally, some prospects concerning the future development of GDY‐based ACs in energy conversion are also discussed.
Easily Switchable 18π‐, 19π‐, and 20π‐Conjugation of Diazaporphyrin Double‐Pincer Bispalladium Complexes
Authors: Sakurai Takahiro , Hiraoka Yuya , Tanaka Hisaaki , Miyake Yoshihiro , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: February 2023

NiII 3,7,13,17‐tetrapyridyl‐5,15‐diazaporphyrin serves as a double tridentate ligand to PdII ions to provide a pincer‐type bispalladium complex. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the bispalladium complex shows excellent ability to accept electrons and reversible redox properties due to the coordination of the two cationic PdII centers to the meso‐nitrogen atoms. We isolated and characterized one‐ and two‐electron reduction species of the bispalladium complex. The 20π antiaromatic nature of the two‐electron reduction species was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis‐near‐IR (NIR) absorption spectra, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. X‐ray diffraction revealed highly twisted structures for the bispalladium complexes regardless of the oxidation state.
Stereoselective Assembly of Hydrogen‐Bonded Anionic Cages Dictated by Organophosphate‐Based Chiral Nodes
Authors: Zuo Wei , Tao Yu , Luo Zhipeng , Li Anyang , Wang Shanshan , Qiao Xinrui , Ma Fen , Jia Chuandong
Published: February 2023

Inspired by the signal transduction function of organophosphates in biological systems, bioactive organophosphates were utilized for the first time as chiral nodes to dictate the stereoselective assembly of hydrogen‐bonded anionic cages. Phosphonomycin (antibiotics), tenofovir (antivirals), adenosine monophosphate (natural product, AMP) and clindamycin phosphate (antibiotics) were assembled with an achiral bis‐monourea ligand, thereby leading to the stereoselective formation of quadruple or triple helicates. The extent of the stereoselectivity could be enhanced by either lowering the temperature or adding stronger‐binding cations as templates. With the chiral anionic cages as the host, some enantioselectivity was achieved when binding chiral quaternary ammonium cations.
A Double Atomic‐Tuned RuBi SAA/Bi@OG Nanostructure with Optimum Charge Redistribution for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Xiaole , Wu Geng , Zheng Xusheng , Jiang Peng , Yi Jun‐dong , Zhou Huang , Gao Xiaoping , Yu Zhen‐Qiang , Wu Yuen
Published: February 2023

Charge redistribution on surface of Ru nanoparticle can significantly affect electrocatalytic HER activity. Herein, a double atomic‐tuned RuBi SAA/Bi@OG nanostructure that features RuBi single‐atom alloy nanoparticle supported by Bi−O single‐site‐doped graphene was successfully developed by one‐step pyrolysis method. The alloyed Bi single atom and adjacent Bi−O single site in RuBi SAA/Bi@OG can synergistically manipulate electron transfer on Ru surface leading to optimum charge redistribution. Thus, the resulting RuBi SAA/Bi@OG exhibits superior alkaline HER activity. Its mass activity is up to 65000 mA mg−1 at an overpotential of 150 mV, which is 72.2 times as much as that of commercial Pt/C. DFT calculations reveal that the RuBi SAA/Bi@OG possesses the optimum charge redistribution, which is most beneficial to strengthen adsorption of water and weaken hydrogen‐adsorption free energy in HER process. This double atomic‐tuned strategy on surface charge redistribution of Ru nanoparticle opens a new way to develop highly efficient electrocatalysts.
A Tetrahedral Bisacridine Donor Enables Fast Radiative Decay in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Pei Ranran , Xu Yulin , Miao Jingsheng , Peng Hao , Chen Zhanxiang , Zhou Changjiang , Liu He , Yang Chuluo
Published: February 2023

Achieving high efficiency and low efficiency roll‐off simultaneously is of great significance for further application of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters. A balance between radiative decay and reversed intersystem crossing must be carefully established. Herein, we propose a qunolino‐acridine (QAc) donor composing two acridine with both planar (pAc) and bended (bAc) geometries. Combining with triazine, a TADF emitter QAc‐TRZ is assembled. The pAc provides a well interaction with triazine which ensures a decent TADF behavior, while the bAc offers a delocalization of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) which guarantees an enhancement of radiative decay. Remarkably, QAc‐TRZ enables a highly efficient organic light emitting diode (OLED) with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 37.3 %. More importantly, the efficiencies under 100/1000 cd m−2stay 36.3 % and 31.7 %, respectively, and remain 21.5 % even under 10 000 cd m−2.
Atomic Structural Origin of Fictive Temperature Revealed by AZnP3O9 (A=K, Rb) Glasses
Authors: Xu Di , Liu Xin , Wang Ji , Liu Qian‐Qian , Fu Rong , Lin He , Chen Ling , Wang Li‐Min , Wu Li‐Ming
Published: February 2023

The fictive temperature (Tf) is widely applied to understand the relaxation thermodynamics of a glass; however, its atomic structural origin is still unclear. Here, we report two novel AZnP3O9 glasses obtained by melting the composition identical single crystals. These glasses exhibit structural inheritance within 5 Å from the single crystal counterparts that is quantified by δ=nglass/ncry (0≤δ≤1, n is the number of pair correlation functions). Among the available glass‐formers, glassKZnP3O9 exhibits the highest structural inheritance (δ=1, nglass=8). More insightfully, a reverse correlation between δ and the relaxation thermodynamic parameters is observed in glassAZnP3O9, revealing for the first time the atomic structural origin of fictive temperature.
Ultra‐long Near‐infrared Repeatable Photochemical Afterglow Mediated by Reversible Storage of Singlet Oxygen for Information Encryption
Authors: Chen Lei , Sun Kuangshi , Hu Donghao , Su Xianlong , Guo Linna , Yin Jiamiao , Pei Yuetian , Fan Yiwei , Liu Qian , Xu Ming , Feng Wei , Li Fuyou
Published: February 2023

Photochemical afterglow systems have drawn considerable attention in recent years due to their regulable photophysical properties and charming application potential. However, conventional photochemical afterglow suffered from its unrepeatability due to the consumption of energy cache units as afterglow photons are emitted. Here we report a novel strategy to realize repeatable photochemical afterglow (RPA) through the reversible storage of 1O2 by 2‐pyridones. Near‐infrared afterglow with a lifetime over 10 s is achieved, and its initial intensity shows no significant reduction over 50 excitation cycles. A detailed mechanism study was conducted and confirmed the RPA is realized through the singlet oxygen‐sensitized fluorescence emission. Furthermore, the generality of this strategy is demonstrated and tunable afterglow lifetimes and colors are achieved by rational design. The developed RPA is further applied for attacker‐misleading information encryption, presenting a repeatable‐readout.
“Pore‐Hopping” Ion Transport in Cellulose‐Based Separator Towards High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jia‐Lin , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Zhang Wei , Ren Kai , Luo Xiao‐Xi , Cao Jun‐Ming , Zheng Shuo‐Hang , Li Wen‐Liang , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: February 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have great potential for large‐scale energy storage. Cellulose is an attractive material for sustainable separators, but some key issues still exist affecting its application. Herein, a cellulose‐based composite separator (CP@PPC) was prepared by immersion curing of cellulose‐based separators (CP) with poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). With the assistance of PPC, the CP@PPC separator is able to operate the cell stably at high voltages (up to 4.95 V). The “pore‐hopping” ion transport mechanism in CP@PPC opens up extra Na+ migration paths, resulting in a high Na+ transference number (0.613). The separator can also tolerate folding, bending and extreme temperature under certain circumstances. Full cells with CP@PPC reveal one‐up capacity retention (96.97 %) at 2C after 500 cycles compared to cells with CP. The mechanism highlights the merits of electrolyte analogs in separator modification, making a rational design for durable devices in advanced energy storage systems.
A Non‐Destructive Electrical Assay of Stem Cell Differentiation Based on Semiconductor Biosensing
Authors: Hideshima Sho , Hayashi Hiroki , Saito Sayoko , Tateno Hiroaki , Momma Toshiyuki , Osaka Tetsuya
Published: February 2023

Invited for this month′s cover is the collaborating groups of Prof. Sho Hideshima at Tokyo City University, Prof. Tetsuya Osaka at Waseda University, and Prof. Hiroaki Tateno at National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan. The cover picture shows a semiconductor‐based biosensor with potential to detect the presence of a specific biomarker of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) in a culture medium. More information can be found in the Research Article by S. Hideshima, T. Osaka, and co‐workers.
MOKE and MFM on magnetically coated nanofiber mats: Transferring well‐known methods to uncommon samples
Authors: Brocks Oliver , Stasiak Adam , Biedinger Jan , Wortmann Martin , Blachowicz Tomasz , Kaschuba Reinhard , Ehrmann Andrea
Published: February 2023

The hysteresis loops of magnetic samples can be measured by the magneto‐optical Kerr effect (MOKE), while magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is used to depict domain walls or spatially resolved magnetization orientation in magnetic nanostructures or thin films. Both methods are commonly applied on thin films with a perfectly flat surface or on nanostructures. Here, we report MOKE and MFM measurements on a new class of magnetic materials, namely electrospun mats of randomly oriented nanofibers which influence the 30 nm Co coating layer, proving especially the MOKE method utilizable for rough surfaces. Possible interpretations of these first MOKE measurements on highly randomly structured magnetic layers are given.
Configurations of sustainability‐oriented textile partnerships
Authors: Dzhengiz Tulin , Riandita Andra , Broström Anders
Published: February 2023

Firms configure their sustainability‐oriented partnerships differently depending on the sustainability issue, partnership types, and mechanisms (product, process, policy, and awareness raising) and target change at various levels (firm, industry, supply chain, and society). We study how sustainability‐oriented partnerships in the textile industry are configured by analyzing 444 partnerships using a mixed‐method approach. Textile firms partner to tackle environmental issues such as circularity, waste, and sustainable materials, utilizing product and process mechanisms and create firm‐level change. In contrast, these firms address social issues such as education and job development, labor and working conditions, poverty, and inequality through cross‐sector partnerships that target change beyond firm boundaries. We discuss these findings critically by drawing on and contributing to two literature areas: sustainability‐oriented partnerships that study partnership configurations and the sustainability in textiles. Our findings highlight the importance of issue and context specificity when partnering for sustainability.
By‐Products of Zea mays L.: A Promising Source of Medicinal Properties with Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Liu Jianyu , Guan Lu , Fan Dongxue , Xia Feiruo , Wang Andong , Bao Ying , Xu Yongnan
Published: February 2023

Zea mays (Z. mays) is one of the main cereal crops in the world, and it′s by‐products have exhibited medicinal properties to explore. This article intends to review the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of by‐products of Z. mays (corn silks, roots, bract, stems, bran, and leaves) which support the therapeutic potential in the treatment of different diseases, with emphasis on the natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological developments. Based on this review, 231 natural compounds are presented. Among them, flavonoids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids are the most frequently reported. The by‐products of Z. mays possess diuretic effects, hepatoprotective, anti‐diabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, plant protection activity, and other activities. This article reviewed the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Z. mays for comprehensive quality control and the safety and effectiveness to enhance future application.
Effect of bread processing conditions on the zearalenone content of contaminated wheat flour
Authors: Taheri Nasrin , Abbasi Hajar
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives

Zearalenon (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin that causes reproductive and sexual problems. In the present study, the effect of bread‐making on the ZEA content of samples was investigated. The wheat flour was contaminated with standard ZEA solution. The dough was proofed at 30, 60, and 90 min and baked at 150, 185, and 220°C. The ZEA content in samples was extracted and determined by HPLC.

Findings

ZEA of dough was reduced by 13.27%, 23.52%, and 35.27% after 30, 60, and 90 min of fermentation, respectively. A slight reduction in ZEA observed in the product baked at 150°C, but heating at 220°C had a great impact on reducing ZEA. 63.23% reduction in the ZEA content of the sample was observed during 90 min of fermentation and baking at 220°C.

Conclusions

Appropriate bread‐making conditions, according to the production requirements of each product, have a significant impact on reducing the ZEA content of produced bread with contaminated wheat flour.

Significance and Novelty

Longer fermentation time (30–90 min) was more effective in reducing ZEA content in baked bread than baking at 150°C; however, higher baking temperatures (185°C or higher) was more effective than longer fermentation time.
Dimerized Nitrogen‐Annulated Perylene Synthesized from 1,6‐Diazecine as Chiral Emitter
Authors: Liu Guiru , Zhang Wenhao , Xiao Yao , Cao Jing , Liang Yamei , Liu Guanghua , Zhou Laiyun , Gong Jianye , Wang Jianguo , Wang Qing
Published: February 2023

In this work, nitrogen‐annulated perylene (NP) was dimerized into one framework connected by two nitrogen atoms, generating the target molecule of DNP−DA. Owing to the substructure of 1,6‐diazecine ten‐membered ring, DNP−DA illustrates helical chirality with moderate dissymmetry factor, elevated molecular levels, expanded conjugation and supramolecular interactions with acceptors etc. Notably, DNP−DA represents a limited example of nitrogen−perylene based CPL emitter with glum around 6×10−3. Intrigued by the facile fabrication via a simple amination‐cross coupling sequence and other above advancing features, this work demonstrates the potential generality of utilizing 1,6‐diazecine as a chiral unit to build CPL‐active materials.
Modular Principle for Complex Disordered Tetrahedral Frameworks in Quenched High‐Pressure Phases of Phosphorus Oxide Nitrides
Authors: Günther Daniel , Baumann Dominik , Schnick Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver
Published: February 2023

The crystal structures of the new phosphorus oxide nitrides P40O31N46and P74O59N84, which were synthesized from amorphous phosphorus oxide nitride imide, exhibit complex frameworks built up from P(O,N)4tetrahedra. The latter form various chain‐like building units with various degrees of branching. These modular units can be combined and arranged in different ways, which leads to closely related structures and several disordered configurations in each compound. As the material was obtained by high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis, the disorder is most likely a consequence of quenching a high‐pressure phase with P(O,N)5trigonal bipyramids. Under ambient conditions, P atoms are expected to relax by moving to the centers of the face‐sharing tetrahedra that constitute the bipyramid. Diffraction patterns acquired with microfocused synchrotron radiation reveal that domains of both compounds are intergrown with H3P8O8N9, whose tetrahedral framework represents a cutout of the structures of both P40O31N46and P74O59N84. Powder diffraction patterns do not indicate any further phases.
Preparation, Structure‐Performance Relationship, and Reaction Network of ZnZSM‐5 for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane with CO2
Authors: Liu Pengyu , Zhang Lina , Wang Xingbo , Du Meng , Hao Yingdong , Li Lina , Chen Xinqing , Sun Nannan , Wei Wei
Published: February 2023

Ethylene (C2H4) is a major chemical for the modern society, and new technologies for its production are of strategic importance globally. Recently, oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (C2H6) using CO2 as a milder oxidant (CO2‐ODH) is proposed as a potential way for C2H4 production, and development of effective catalysts for the process is drawing wide attention. Here, we report on a facilely prepared ZSM‐5 supported Zn system, i. e., ZnZSM‐5, which showed great promise in CO2‐ODH. Samples with different Zn loadings were prepared and evaluated, and the highest performance was obtained over 0.05ZnZSM‐5 at 700 °C and a CO2:C2H6 feeding ratio of 5 : 1. During 340 min TOS, the C2H6 conversion decreased moderately from 36.2 % to 23.1 %, and the C2H4 yield stabilized at 21.9 % to 27.9 %. Based on systematic characterization and investigation of reaction conditions, the structure‐performance relationship and reaction network were discussed in detail.
Skin manifestations in children with inborn errors of immunity in a tertiary care hospital in Iran
Authors: Shahrbabaki Zahra Salehi , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , sharafian Samin , Jamee Mahnaz , Bondarenko Anastasia , Mahdavi Tolue
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are monogenic diseases of the immune system. Despite the increasing genetic advancements, the diagnosis of IEIs still lean on clinical diagnosis. Dermatological manifestations are observed in a large number of IEI patients and can lead to proper approach and prompt intervention.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was carried out between 2018 and 2020 on IEIs at a Children's tertiary care center in Tehran, Iran. Demographic details and age at onset of symptoms of IEI were recorded.

Results

Overall, 212 patients were included. Cutaneous findings were reported in 95 (44.8%) patients, and 61 of 95 (64.2%) reported skin lesions as the first clinical presentation. Skin infection (69, 72.6%) was the most frequent cutaneous manifestation, followed by eczematous rash (24, 25%).

Conclusions

Skin manifestations are a common feature in IEI patients and are readily recognizable by healthcare providers. This study tried to provide information on prognostic consequences.
Biodiesel production from Nannochloropsis microalgal biomass‐derived oil: An experimental and theoretical study using the RSM‐CCD approach
Authors: Karimi Kimia , Saidi Majid , Moradi Pantea , Taheri Najafabadi Ali
Published: February 2023

Biodiesel production from Nannochloropsis is investigated in the current study. Based on the extraction studies, the used biomass is composed of 50% saponifiable lipids, which turns this species to a vulnerable feedstock for biodiesel production. It should also be noted that the acidity of the obtained crude bio‐oil is higher than 2 mg KOH/g, hence it was attempted to survey the biodiesel production from the obtained oil through the esterification reaction with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM). According to the data, the highest biodiesel yield (99.5%) from the bio‐oil is obtained at a reaction temperature of 69°C, a reaction time of 30 min, a methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, and an H2SO4 concentration of 0.13 wt.%. In the next step, the in‐situ extraction and esterification of Nannochloropsis were investigated at the observed optimum reaction conditions. Based on the analysis, biodiesel yield from the dry cell weight of the biomass is considered to be 16%, which accounts for 99% conversion of bio‐oil to biodiesel.
Usage of the Y‐Rule and the Effect of the Occurrence of Heteroatoms (N, S) on the Frontier Molecular Orbitals Gap of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Asphaltene‐PAHs
Authors: Ruiz‐Morales Yosadara , Alvarez‐Ramírez Fernando
Published: February 2023

The understanding of the molecular‐ and colloidal‐structure of asphaltenes has seen a major progress; however, there are still issues that require answer. One of them is the location of the heteroatoms in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fused aromatic ring (FAR) region of asphaltenes. Therefore, the effect on the frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO‐LUMO) energy‐gap due to the addition of a heteroatom (N or S) to PAHs, which are candidates of the PAH region in asphaltenes, has been systematically analyzed by placing S or N in various sites of the PAH molecule. The S is introduced as a thiophenic ring in a bay region, while the N is introduced as a pyridinic‐N, which are prevalent forms in the asphaltene‐PAH. 174 PAHs are studied with five fused aromatic rings (5FAR) to 10FAR. The π‐electron allocation in resonant π‐sextets and isolated double bonds is obtained using the Y‐rule. The frontier orbitals optical transition is calculated with the ZINDO/S method. Within a FAR family an increment of π‐sextets produces and increase of the HOMO‐LUMO energy‐gap. There is a linear relationship between the Y‐rule mapping (percentage of fraction of π‐sextet bond divided by nFAR) and the HOMO‐LUMO energy‐gap. In addition, the effect on the frontier orbitals energy‐gap and on the π‐electronic allocation due to the presence of N and S is negligible; therefore, to reach conclusions related to the asphaltene‐PAH based on conclusions reached for PAH systems, with no heteroatoms, is a reasonable approach.
What to do about atypical anorexia nervosa? Commentary on Walsh et al. (2023)
Authors: First Michael B.
Published: February 2023

Changes made to the DSM Eating Disorders over the years have aimed to reduce the prevalence of the residual DSM Eating Disorder categories (e.g., Other Specified Eating Disorder). Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AN), included since DSM‐IV as an example of a presentation not meeting criteria for a specific eating disorder, appears to be more prevalent than AN. It is defined as meeting all of the criteria for AN except that, after significant weight loss, weight is at or above normal. As suggested by the Walsh et al. review, lack of definitional precision will likely complicate efforts to determine whether atypical AN is best considered a variant of AN or a distinct category. Problems with the current definition of atypical AN include (1) a lack of precision regarding what constitutes “significant” weight loss; (2) whether the weight loss can occur at any point in the individual's lifetime; and (3) whether there an upper limit to weight being above normal. It is suggested that researchers develop consensus diagnostic criteria and assessment tools to facilitate the collection of empirical data about atypical AN in order to lay the groundwork for future decisions about its nosological status.
Structural diversity as a reliable and novel predictor for ecosystem productivity
Authors: LaRue Elizabeth A , Knott Jonathan A , Domke Grant M , Chen Han YH , Guo Qinfeng , Hisano Masumi , Oswalt Christopher , Oswalt Sonja , Kong Nicole , Potter Kevin M , Fei Songlin
Published: February 2023

The physical structure of vegetation is thought to be closely related to ecosystem function, but little is known of its pertinence across geographic regions. Here, we used data from over three million trees in continental North America to evaluate structural diversity – the volumetric capacity and physical arrangement of biotic components in ecosystems – as a predictor of productivity. We show that structural diversity is a robust predictor of forest productivity and consistently outperforms the traditional measure – species diversity – across climate conditions in North America. Moreover, structural diversity appears to be a better surrogate of niche occupancy because it captures variation in size that can be used to measure realized niche space. Structural diversity offers an easily measured metric to direct restoration and management decision making to maximize ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration.
Forest ecosystem properties emerge from interactions of structure and disturbance
Authors: Mitchell J Christina , Kashian Daniel M , Chen Xiongwen , Cousins Stella , Flaspohler David , Gruner Daniel S , Johnson Jeremy S , Surasinghe Thilina D , Zambrano Jenny , Buma Brian
Published: February 2023

Forest structural diversity and its spatiotemporal variability are constrained by environmental and biological factors, including species pools, climate, land‐use history, and legacies of disturbance regimes. These factors influence forest responses to disturbances and their interactions with structural diversity, potentially creating structurally mediated emergent properties at local to continental spatial scales and over evolutionary time. Here, we present a conceptual framework for exploring the emergent properties that arise from interactions between forest structural diversity and disturbances. We synthesize and present definitions for key terms, including emergent property, disturbance, and resilience, and highlight various types and examples of emergent properties, such as (1) interactions with species composition, (2) interactions with disturbance frequency and intensity, and (3) evolutionary changes to communities. Although emergent properties in forest ecosystems remain poorly understood, we describe a foundation for study and applied management of forest structural diversity to enhance forest restoration and resilience.
Diverse anthropogenic disturbances shift Amazon forests along a structural spectrum
Authors: Smith Marielle N , Stark Scott C , Taylor Tyeen C , Schietti Juliana , de Almeida Danilo Roberti Alves , Aragón Susan , Torralvo Kelly , Lima Albertina P , de Oliveira Gabriel , de Assis Rafael Leandro , Leitold Veronika , Pontes‐Lopes Aline , Scoles Ricardo , de Sousa Vieira Luciana Cristina , Resende Angelica Faria , Coppola Alysha I , Brandão Diego Oliveira , de Athaydes Silva Junior João , Lobato Laura F , Freitas Wagner , Almeida Daniel , Souza Mendell S , Minor David M , Villegas Juan Camilo , Law Darin J , Gonçalves Nathan , da Rocha Daniel Gomes , Guedes Marcelino Carneiro , Tonini Hélio , da Silva Kátia Emídio , van Haren Joost , Rosa Diogo Martins , do Valle Dalton Freitas , Cordeiro Carlos Leandro , de Lima Nicolas Zaslavsky , Shao Gang , Menor Imma Oliveras , Conti Georgina , Florentino Ana Paula , Montti Lía , Aragão Luiz EOC , McMahon Sean M , Parker Geoffrey G , Breshears David D , Da Costa Antonio Carlos Lola , Magnusson William E , Mesquita Rita , Camargo José Luís C , de Oliveira Raimundo C , de Camargo Plinio B , Saleska Scott R , Nelson Bruce Walker
Published: February 2023

Amazon forests are being degraded by myriad anthropogenic disturbances, altering ecosystem and climate function. We analyzed the effects of a range of land‐use and climate‐change disturbances on fine‐scale canopy structure using a large database of profiling canopy lidar collected from disturbed and mature Amazon forest plots. At most of the disturbed sites, surveys were conducted 10–30 years after disturbance, with many exhibiting signs of recovery. Structural impacts differed in magnitude more than in character among disturbance types, producing a gradient of impacts. Structural changes were highly coordinated in a manner consistent across disturbance types, indicating commonalities in regeneration pathways. At the most severely affected site – burned igapó (seasonally flooded forest) – no signs of canopy regeneration were observed, indicating a sustained alteration of microclimates and consequently greater vulnerability to transitioning to a more open‐canopy, savanna‐like state. Notably, disturbances rarely shifted forests beyond the natural background of structural variation within mature plots, highlighting the similarities between anthropogenic and natural disturbance regimes, and indicating a degree of resilience among Amazon forests. Studying diverse disturbance types within an integrated analytical framework builds capacity to predict the risk of degradation‐driven forest transitions.
Controlling of the Late Palaeozoic glaciation on reef evolution: A case study of a late Kasimovian coral reef in southern Guizhou, South China
Authors: Wang Lifu , Gong Enpu , Yang Zhenyuan , Guan Changqing , Zhang Yongli , Huang Wentao
Published: February 2023

A late Kasimovian (Pennsylvanian) coral reef is reported in the Yanbanzhai (YBZ) area, southern Guizhou Province, South China. The YBZ coral reef, with a thickness of approximately 5.5 m and a lateral exposure of nearly 50 m, is primarily composed of the colonial rugose coral Fomichevella. The fusulinids collected from the reef indicates a late Kasimovian age. Five microfacies types have been identified, including coated bioclastic grainstone, coral (Fomichevella) framestone, bioclastic wackestone, bioclastic grainstone, and peloidal grainstone. The vertical evolution of the microfacies in the YBZ coral reef indicates major sedimentary environmental changes associated with relative sea‐level changes. The growth of the reef‐builder Fomichevella was controlled by the transgression and regression. Deep water promoted the upward expansion of Fomichevella, while shallow water inhibited its growth. Published records of atmospheric pCO2 estimation and sea‐surface temperatures, combined with geochemical proxies, confirm a warm climatic period during the late Kasimovian. This is an interglacial period conducive to the growth of the coral reef. Sea‐level and climate changes associated with the Late Palaeozoic ice age (LPIA) are interpreted as significant controls of the development of the YBZ coral reef. This research of the YBZ coral reef in South China provides practical palaeobiological evidence for global sea‐level rising during the late Kasimovian period caused by the high‐latitude Gondwana delaciation.
Treating the sequelae of chronic childhood emotional abandonment
Authors: Frankel Jay
Published: February 2023

Chronic emotional abandonment is traumatic for children, and often leads them to identify with the aggressor (IWA)—in order to hold onto their needed attachment to their parents, they feel, think, and do what their parents require, blame themselves for being abused and for their family's unhappiness, and feel ashamed. IWA often persists as a general tendency. Treatment requires therapists' dependability, attunement, empathy, interest, humility, and perhaps playfulness. Patients' history of abandonment should be explored in detail, though patients may be protective of their parents. Therapists should explore their own behavior if necessary, and acknowledge lapses; normalize and explore patients' shame; and avoid trying to “rescue” patients. Patients must be helped to re‐find authority and agency over their own lives, and mourn their early loss of feeling “the right to a life.” The treatment of “Claire,” a 40‐something child of two depressed parents, illustrates some of these points.
Student engagement and comprehension using tactile and virtual learning
Authors: McMillan David , Hung Man , Vu Teresa , Dang Peter , Kritz‐Silverstein Donna
Published: February 2023

Purpose/objectives

Dental students’ levels of engagement and comprehension were assessed using tactile learning (with physical teeth) versus virtual learning (using computer images) in a dental histology course. Differences in engagement and comprehension by learning preferences were also examined.

Methods

One hundred first‐year dental students were randomly divided into twenty teams of five students. Conditions were counterbalanced such that half the students were given physical tooth models (Group A) while the other half were given access to virtual images of tooth models (Group B) during the first session. Conditions were switched for a second session. Both groups completed the same learning exercise and formative assessment (quiz) after each session. A survey assessed students’ learning preferences and attitudes.

Results

There were no differences by group assignment in both formative assessment scores and learning preferences (p > 0.10). For all students, comprehension of material was significantly higher in the tactile condition (with physical teeth) compared to the virtual experience (p = 0.01), but there was no difference in engagement between conditions (p = 0.35). Students who preferred learning with physical tooth models had higher engagement when using the physical tooth models compared to those who preferred virtual tooth models (p = 0.04), and significantly more positive attitudes toward physical tooth models (p's < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Results suggest that for dental students, learning activities involving handling physical teeth may produce greater comprehension than viewing virtual images of teeth on a screen. More research is needed to determine the circumstances when virtual images can be substituted for physical models or be a beneficial adjunct method.
Increase in distal esophageal wall thickness with time in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Wong Stephanie , Safaeian Romina , Zobel Joshua , Holloway Richard H , Ruszkiewicz Andrew , Nguyen Nam Q
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease which may progress to a fibro‐stenotic phenotype due to esophageal sub‐epithelial fibrosis. Esophageal wall thickening in patients with EoE has been demonstrated in a few studies using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess the endoscopic appearance, wall thickness, histology, and dysphagia score of EoE patients.

Methods

Patients with EoE were recruited and studied between February 2012 and April 2021. Patients were evaluated on two separate occasions at least 12 months apart with endoscopy, EUS, and esophageal mucosal biopsies. The dysphagia score and epidemiology data were also assessed.

Results

A total of 16 EoE patients were included with a mean follow‐up duration of 2.2 ± 1.2 years. In 14/16 (88%) patients, the total wall thickness of the distal esophagus significantly increased (P = 0.0012) as a result of thickening of the muscularis propria (P = 0.0218). However, only 1/14 (7%) patient had an increase in the dysphagia score, while 8/14 (57%) and 5/14 (36%) had a stable and reduced dysphagia score, respectively. No differences were found in the total thickness of other esophageal regions, dysphagia score, endoscopic appearance, and eosinophil count over time.

Conclusion

Distal esophageal wall thickness increases with time in EoE patients, independent of the dysphagia score and eosinophil count.
Biomechanical and histological changes secondary to aging in the human rotator cuff: A preliminary analysis
Authors: Johnson James , von Stade Devin , Gadomski Ben , Regan Daniel , Easley Jeremiah , Sikes Katie J. , Troyer Kevin , Zhou Tianjian , Schlegel Ted , McGilvray Kirk
Published: February 2023

The high failure rate of rotator cuff repair surgeries is positively correlated with age, yet the biomechanical changes to the tendons of the rotator cuff with age have not been described. As such, we sought to benchmark and characterize the biomechanical and histopathological properties with the accompanying gene expression of human rotator cuff tendons as a function of age and histopathological degeneration. All four rotator cuff tendons from fresh human cadaver shoulders underwent biomechanical, histopathological, and gene expression analyses. Following cadaver availability, samples were grouped into Younger (i.e., less than 36 years of age,n = 2 donors) and Aged (i.e., greater than 55 years of age,n = 3 donors) as a means of characterizing and quantifying the age‐related changes exhibited by the tendons. Biomechanical testing and subsequent computational modeling techniques revealed both differences in properties between tendons and greater Young's moduli in the Younger tendons (supraspinatus 3.06x, infraspinatus 1.76x, subscapularis 1.25x, and teres minor 1.32x). Histopathological scoring using the semi‐quantitative Bonar scoring scheme revealed a positive correlation with age across all tendons (r = 0.508,p < 0.001). These data contextualize the biomechanical and histopathological changes to tendons that occurs naturally with aging, highlighting the innate differences in biomechanical properties of all four rotator cuff tendons, as well as the difference in their degenerative trajectories. Additionally, the histopathological scoring revealed moderate signs of degeneration within the Younger supraspinatus tendons, suggesting tissue quality may decrease in this specific tendon in patients less than 40 years old, before clinical symptoms or tears.
Geometric and topological properties of the complementary prism networks
Authors: Méndez Jesús , Reyes Rosalio , Rodríguez José M. , Sigarreta José M.
Published: February 2023

The complementary prism of
, denoted by
, is the graph obtained from the disjoint union of
and
by adding edges between the corresponding vertices of
and
. In this paper, we study the hyperbolicity constant of
. In particular, we obtain upper and lower bounds for the hyperbolicity constant, and we compute its precise value for many graphs. Moreover, we obtain bounds and closed formulas for the general topological indices
and
(where
denotes the degree of the vertex
is a symmetric function with real values, and
is a function with real values), and the generalized Wiener index
, of complementary prisms networks. Finally, we performed a numerical study of the generalized Wiener index on random graphs.
A Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by Bentonite and l‐Cysteine for Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic and Uric Acids: Application in Biological Fluids
Authors: Choukairi Mohamed , Bouchta Dounia , Bounab Loubna , González‐Romero Elisa , Achache Mohamed , Draoui Khalid , Chaouket Faiza , Raissouni Ihssane , Gharous Mouad
Published: February 2023

A novel modification of a paste carbon electrode by Bentonite (Bent) and l‐Cysteine (l‐Cyst) was carried out for uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) detection and quantification. Morphological and compositional characterization of the electrode surface were carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic analysis (EDS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques were used to analyze UA and AA. The obtained sensor shows a good stability, sensibility, selectivity, and regeneration ability. Accordingly, the limit of detection (LOD) is found to be 0.031 μm and 9.6 μm for UA and AA, respectively. A good linearity in the range of 0.1 to 100 μm for UA and 10 to 1000 μm for AA was obtained. The peak‐to‐peak separation of UA‐AA (ΔEUA‐AA) was determined to be 330 mV. In addition, the sensor is applied successfully to monitor UA and AA in serum samples.
Media portrayal of the illegal trade in wildlife: The case of turtles in the US and implications for conservation
Authors: Easter Tara , Trautmann Julia , Gore Meredith , Carter Neil
Published: February 2023

Illegal wildlife trade is a global threat to biodiversity, but its drivers and impacts and ways to combat it vary by taxa. News media framing of instances of illegal trade provides a novel window into understanding public perceptions of these dynamics and potential support for management actions.

We used 54 known cases of illegal turtle trade in the United States occurring between 1998 and 2021 as a case study to investigate news media framing of this emergent issue in illegal wildlife trade. We synthesized information from these cases and qualitatively analysed how they were framed in 217 associated news articles.

The 54 cases involved the illegal trade of at least 24,000 freshwater turtles of 34 different species; box turtles (Terrapenespp.) were traded the most. Of the known species involved, 23 were listed under one of the CITES Appendices, and 12 were considered threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Trade occurred in at least 43 US states and 6 countries.

Despite the multifaceted nature of these cases, problem and solution framing were relatively unvarying. Media coverage framed foreign demand, particularly from Asia for high‐value pet turtles, as a main driver of illegal trade. Solutions focused on regulations and enforcement which follows global trends in illegal wildlife trade discourses. However, we also found that articles neutralized illegal turtle trade in several ways, reflecting a lack of perceived legitimacy of and necessity for trade rules and enforcement.

Without acknowledging longstanding and formerly legal practices in wildlife trading, conservation efforts which focus on regulations and enforcement may be undermined by a lack of normative compliance.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Multimodality treatment for recurrent neuroblastoma in the central nervous system
Authors: Desai Ami V. , Elmuti Lena , Cahaney Christine , De Guzman Raymond M. , Streby Keri A. , Cohn Susan L.
Published: February 2023

Survival for patients with recurrent central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma remains poor. A single‐institutional study demonstrated the potential of multimodality therapy, including compartmental intrathecal radioimmunotherapy (cRIT) with 131I‐3F8 or 131I‐8H9 to increase the survival of neuroblastoma patients with CNS relapse. However, not all patients are able to receive this therapy. We report three patients with CNS neuroblastoma who remain disease‐free 3–9 years after receiving multimodality treatment without cRIT. Additional studies to identify patients most likely to benefit from cRIT are warranted.
Zein/hydroxypropylcellulose biofilms with hydrophilic and hydrophobic montmorillonite clays
Authors: Ulrich Gabriella D. , Lemos Ana G. , Silva‐Alvarez Amanda C. F. , Paiva Lucilene B. , Gavioli Renato R. , da Silva Lucimara L. , de Freitas Osvaldo , Francisco Kelly R.
Published: February 2023

This study analyzed the changes in the structural, morphological and mechanical properties of Biofilm A (46.1% zein/30.8% hydroxypropylcellulose/23.1% propylene glycol) and Biofilm B (53.8% zein/23.1% hydroxypropylcellulose/23.1% propylene glycol) when 0.5%, 1% or 2% Cloisite Na+ (NaMt) and 1% Cloisite 30B (C30B) were added to the systems. Infrared spectroscopy showed clay particles interact with the polymeric matrix mainly via hydrogen bonds between silanol and amide/hydroxyl groups from minerals and polymers, respectively. X‐ray diffraction and small angle X‐ray scattering patterns indicated clays were exfoliated in both formulations with 0.5% NaMT and 1% C30B, or presented larger lamellar spacing on biofilms containing 1% or 2% of hydrophilic clay compared to pure clays. Scanning electron micrographs showed clay were incorporated into the polymers at low clay content and presented some aggregates at 2% NaMt. Mechanical tests showed that Biofilms B had better mechanical properties compared to Biofilms A, and Biofilms B with 1% NaMt presented the highest value of tensile strength. Moreover, the addition of organophilic clay in both formulations produced nanocomposites with good mechanical properties. These results showed clays are strategic to obtain nanocomposite films with interesting physical and chemical properties.
Constructing stable “bridge” structures with compatibilizer POE‐g‐GMA to improve the compatibility of starch‐based composites
Authors: Kong Yingqi , Qian Shaoping , Zhang Zhaoyan , Cheng Huifan , Liu Yuenong
Published: February 2023

With the development of degradation technologies such as chemical‐catalysis and bio‐catalysis, starch‐polyethylene (PE) composites have been revitalized as industrial packaging materials. However, starch and PE suffer from interfacial incompatibility. In this study, poly(octene ethylene) grafted glycidyl methacrylate (POE‐g‐GMA) was added at relatively low amounts (0–7 wt%) to construct robust structures between thermoplastic starch (TPS) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Tensile strength increased by 36.39% with the addition of 1 wt% POE‐g‐GMA. Meanwhile, a smooth surface was observed by SEM, and a fibrillar cross‐linked structure appeared on the fractural surface of the blend. POE‐g‐GMA formed a stable “bridge” at the interface between TPS and LDPE, which increased the thermal stability of the blend as well. The crystallinity of LDPE increased from 20.5% (without addition) to 32.8% (with 1 wt% addition), whereas the average crystallite size decreased slightly. The optimal POE‐g‐GMA content was found to be 1 wt% based on mechanical and thermal measurements. The results of this study can provide a reference for improving the interfacial compatibility of biopolymers and fossil‐fuel‐based polymers.