bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficiency of the respiratory system of men at risk of social exclusion
Authors: Pujszo Ryszard , Zając Magdalena , Przybylski Grzegorz
Published: January 2022

Background: Some part of the Polish society, after 1989, especially that coming from the remote farming areas – on the bankrupt State Agriculatural Farm could not cope in the new reality. Unemployment and the associated bad financial situation, poor housing conditions, and even homelessness, difficult access to medical care often generated the beginnings of social exclusion. Did those aspects also generate the impairment of the respiratory system or do the socio-demographic conditions demonstrate the relationship with the efficiency of the respiratory system?

Material and Methods: 210 people from Tuchola County at risk of social exclusion underwent spirometry testing. The spirometry results were demonstrated against a background of the same measurements carried out on the group of 95 people – physical labourers and white-collar workers of Kazimierz Wielki University. Basic socio-demographic conditions of people at risk of social exclusion were surveyed.

Results: Low efficiency of the respiratory system is a characteristic feature of people at risk of social exclusion. Social and living conditions (including housing conditions and unemployment period) demonstrate vital relations with the efficiency of the respiratory system.

Conclusions: Poor social and living conditions and smoking of the examined people significantly change their chances of the standard spirometry results. However, good social and living conditions suggest that there is a possibility of the compensation of bad effects of smoking.
Conditioning of nurses’ work in infectious diseases wards in association with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sierpińska Lidia , Kopeć Justyna
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Infectious diseases, due to their specificity and rapid spread, require a special, individual approach, not only to the treatment, but also to the protection of medical staff against infection.

Objective: The aim of the study is recognition of the conditioning of work of nurses in hospitals dedicated to COVID-19, at the time of pandemic.

Materials and Method

The study included 100 nursing staff - 78 females (78%) and 22 males (22%) employed in Polish hospitals dedicated to care of patients with COVID-19 by virtue of the Minister of Health [5]. The research material was collected during the period from 15 January   2021 - do 12 February 2021. The largest group in the study was aged under 30 (32%), and similarly those aged 31 - 40 (31%). The respondents aged 41 - 50 constituted 21% of the nursing staff examined. The smallest group of nurses was aged over 60 (16%). The largest number of the nursing staff lived in urban areas (78%), whereas the reminder in rural areas  (22%).

The study was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey, using a questionnaire technique, while the research tool was an author-constructed questionnaire designed for the purpose of the presented study.

Conclusions

In dedicated hospitals it is necessary to optimize the equipment in the ward indispensable for care of patients with COVID-19, which would improve the working conditions of nurses.

It is advisable to adjust the employment of nurses to the demand for nursing care of patients seriously ill with COVID-19, treated in dedicated hospitals.  

In infectious diseases hospitals, in-hospital training courses should be intensified concerning the OSH and sanitary-hygienic principles in care of patients with COVID-19, because ¼ of the examined nurses indicated such a need.
Quality of Educational Programs for Elementary School-Age Students With Autism
Authors: Odom Samuel L. , Sam Ann M. , Tomaszewski Brianne , Cox Ann W.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of educational programs for school-aged children with autism in the United States. Investigators completed the Autism Program Environment Quality Rating Systems-Preschool/Elementary (APERS-PE) in 60 elementary schools enrolling children with autism. The mean total rating scores were near the midpoint rating, indicating schools were providing educational program environments classified as adequate but not of high quality. Domains of the APERS-PE reflecting structural quality tended to be significantly above average and domains reflecting process quality tended to be significantly below average. With a few exceptions, inclusive and special education program did not differ significantly in total program quality ratings and reflected the same pattern of domain quality ratings.
Plasmonic Tamm states in periodic stubbed MIM waveguides: analytical and numerical study
Authors: Rezzouk Yamina , Amrani Madiha , Khattou Soufyane , El Boudouti El Houssaine , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram
Published: January 2022

We investigate both analytically and numerically the existence of localized surface modes, the so-called plasmonic Tamm states (PTSs), in a new and versatile platform based on a periodic array of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stubs grafted along a MIM waveguide. By considering a semi-infinite structure in which we modify the length of the segment at the surface, we show the existence of surface states inside the bandgaps of the periodic structure and investigate the dependence of the localized modes as a function of the geometrical parameters and the boundary conditions applied at the surface. Three types of surface boundary conditions are considered, namely, two limiting cases of zero surface impedance (or perfect electric conductor), infinite surface impedance (or perfect magnetic conductor), and a third case where the structure is in contact with a real metal. In the latter case, we show that the existence of the interface state can be demonstrated based on topological arguments using the Zak phase. We also demonstrate that if a finite size comb-crystal is vertically grafted along a horizontal waveguide, the PTSs can be detected from the dips in the amplitudes of transmission and reflection coefficients as well as from the peaks in their delay times and the local density of states (LDOS). Our theoretical study is first performed analytically with the help of a Green’s function method, which allows the calculation of the dispersion relations of the bulk and surface modes and the LDOS, as well as the transmission and reflection coefficients of the plasmonic comb-like structure. Then, these results are confirmed by a numerical simulation utilizing a 2D finite element method. Besides providing a deep physical analysis of the PTSs, our work demonstrates the capability of the analytical method as a predictive approach in more complex structures. The proposed designs in this paper can be useful to realize highly sensitive plasmonic nanosensors.
Adaptive optics control with multi-agent model-free reinforcement learning
Authors: Pou B. , Ferreira F. , Quinones E. , Gratadour D. , Martin M.
Published: January 2022

We present a novel formulation of closed-loop adaptive optics (AO) control as a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem in which the controller is able to learn a non-linear policy and does not need a priori information on the dynamics of the atmosphere. We identify the different challenges of applying a reinforcement learning (RL) method to AO and, to solve them, propose the combination of model-free MARL for control with an autoencoder neural network to mitigate the effect of noise. Moreover, we extend current existing methods of error budget analysis to include a RL controller. The experimental results for an 8m telescope equipped with a 40x40 Shack-Hartmann system show a significant increase in performance over the integrator baseline and comparable performance to a model-based predictive approach, a linear quadratic Gaussian controller with perfect knowledge of atmospheric conditions. Finally, the error budget analysis provides evidence that the RL controller is partially compensating for bandwidth error and is helping to mitigate the propagation of aliasing.
81-GHz W-band 60-Gbps 64-QAM wireless transmission based on a dual-GRU equalizer
Authors: Liu Cuiwei , Wang Chen , Zhou Wen , Wang Feng , Kong Miao , Yu Jianjun
Published: January 2022

We propose a dual gated recurrent unit neural network based on nonlinear equalizer (dual-GRU NLE) for radio-over-fiber (ROF) communication systems. The dual equalization scheme is mainly based upon GRU algorithm, which can be trained via two steps including I-GRU and Q-GRU. By using the dual-GRU equalizer, 60-Gbps 64-QAM signal generation and transmission over 10-km SMF and 1.2-m wireless link at 81-GHz can be achieved. For the digital signal processing (DSP) at receiver, comparison between CMMA equalizer, Volterra equalizer, and dual-GRU equalizer are demonstrated. The results indicate that the proposed dual-GRU NLE significantly mitigates the nonlinear distortions. The dual-GRU equalizer has a better BER performance in receiver sensitivity than the traditional CMMA and Volterra equalizer. At the expense of large complexity, an improvement of receiver sensitivity can be achieved as much as 1 dB compared with Volterra equalizer at the BER of 2×10−2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to propose a novel dual-GRU equalizer, which is promising for the development in millimeter-wave photonics for B5G applications and beyond.
Y-Net: a dual-branch deep learning network for nonlinear absorption tomography with wavelength modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Zhenhai , Zhu Ning , Wang Weitian , Chao Xing
Published: January 2022

This paper demonstrates a new method for solving nonlinear tomographic problems, combining calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy (CF-WMS) with a dual-branch deep learning network (Y-Net). The principle of CF-WMS, as well as the architecture, training and performance of Y-Net have been investigated. 20000 samples are randomly generated, with each temperature or H2O concentration phantom featuring three randomly positioned Gaussian distributions. Non-uniformity coefficient (NUC) method provides quantitative characterizations of the non-uniformity (i.e., the complexity) of the reconstructed fields. Four projections, each with 24 parallel beams are assumed. The average reconstruction errors of temperature and H2O concentration for the testing dataset with 2000 samples are 1.55% and 2.47%, with standard deviations of 0.46% and 0.75%, respectively. The reconstruction errors for both temperature and species concentration distributions increase almost linearly with increasing NUC from 0.02 to 0.20. The proposed Y-Net shows great advantages over the state-of-the-art simulated annealing algorithm, such as better noise immunity and higher computational efficiency. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a dual-branch deep learning network (Y-Net) has been applied to WMS-based nonlinear tomography and it opens up opportunities for real-time, in situ monitoring of practical combustion environments.
Wideband chaotic tri-mode microlasers with optical feedback
Authors: Li Ya-Li , Ma Chun-Guang , Xiao Jin-Long , Wang Ting , Wu Ji-Liang , Yang Yue-De , Huang Yong-Zhen
Published: January 2022

A tri-mode micro-square laser under optical feedback is proposed and demonstrated to generate chaos with the broadband flat microwave spectrum. By adjusting lasing mode intensities, frequency intervals, and optical feedback strength, we can enhance the chaotic bandwidth significantly. The existence of two mode-beating peaks makes the flat bandwidth much larger than the relaxation oscillation frequency. Effective bandwidth of 35.3 GHz is experimentally achieved with the flatness of 8.3 dB from the chaotic output spectrum of the tri-mode mode laser under optical feedback.
Magnetically-sensitive nanodiamond thin-films on glass fibers
Authors: Czarnecka Paulina , Jani Mona , Sengottuvel Saravanan , Mrózek Mariusz , Dąbczyński Paweł , Filipkowski Adam , Kujawa Ireneusz , Pysz Dariusz , Gawlik Wojciech , Wojciechowski Adam M.
Published: January 2022

By assembling 140 nm-sized fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) in a thin-film on (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized glass surface, we prepare magnetically-sensitive FND-fiber probes for endoscopy. The obtained FND layers show good uniformity over large surfaces and are characterized using confocal, fluorescence, and atomic force microscopes. Further, FNDs are assembled on single large-core multimode optical fibers and imaging fiber bundles end face to detect optically detectable magnetic resonance (ODMR) signals. The ODMR signals are recorded through the fiber’s far end in magnetic fields between 0 to 2.5 mT. A multi-channel sensor is demonstrated with the capability of parallel-in-time mapping and instantaneous readout from individual pixel and enabling magnetic mapping at high spatial resolution. Results of this study are promising for early stage detection in bio-diagnostic applications.
GHz guided optomechanics in planar semiconductor microcavities
Authors: Crespo-Poveda Antonio , Kuznetsov Alexander S. , Hernández-Mínguez Alberto , Tahraoui Abbes , Biermann Klaus , Santos Paulo V.
Published: January 2022

Hybrid opto, electro, and mechanical systems operating at several GHz
offer extraordinary opportunities for the coherent control of
opto-electronic excitations down to the quantum limit. We introduce
here a monolithic platform for GHz semiconductor optomechanics based
on electrically excited phonons guided along the spacer of a planar
microcavity (MC) embedding quantum well (QW) emitters. The MC spacer
bound by cleaved lateral facets acts as an embedded acoustic waveguide
cavity with a high quality factor (

Q
∼

10
5

) at frequencies well beyond 6 GHz,
along which the acoustic modes live over tens of µs. The strong
acoustic fields and the enhanced optomechanical coupling mediated by
electronic resonances induce a huge modulation of the energy (in the
meV range) and strength (over 80%) of the QW photoluminescence, which,
in turn, becomes a sensitive local phonon probe. Furthermore, we show
the coherent coupling of acoustic modes at different sample depths,
thus opening the way for phonon-mediated coherent control and
interconnection of three-dimensional epitaxial nanostructures.
Dimensionen der Führung: Eine begriffsdefinitorische Grundlegung (ethikorientierter) guter Führung
Authors: Schmalzried Lisa , Fröhlich Friederike , Vondermaßen Marcel
Published: January 2022

Angesichts der Omnipräsenz von Führung, ihres Potentials und leider auch des häufigen Missbrauches von Führung stellt sich die Frage, was gute Führung auszeichnet. Als Antwort hierauf werden seit den 1980er Jahren vermehrt führungsethische Theorien formuliert. Diese Ansätze zeichnen sich allerdings durch eine große Heterogenität aus. Das ist sowohl eine Herausforderung für die wissenschaftlich-theoretische Debatte als auch für ihren praxisbezogenen Orientierungsanspruch. Dieser Artikel setzt hier an und formuliert eine Minimaldefinition, die alle zentralen Dimensionen von Führung erfasst, sich trotzdem auf das Wesentliche konzentriert, zugleich normativ neutral ist als auch moralische Fragen mitdenkt: Führung ist ein interpersoneller, asymmetrischer, kontextsensibler und zielorientierter Prozess der Einflussnahme. Diese Definition zeigt, dass Führung fünf miteinander verflochtene aber analytisch trennbare Dimensionen aufweist: (1) Führende, (2) Geführte (3) Interaktionsprozess (4) Ziele und (5) Kontext. Damit ist ein gemeinsamer Bezugsrahmen der Debatte vorhanden, der die wesentlichen Dimensionen von Führung und ihre moralischen Orte theorieübergreifend identifiziert. So können unterschiedliche (ethische) Führungstheorien miteinander ins Gespräch kommen, miteinander verglichen und bewertet werden. Zugleich ist damit ein Fundament für die potentielle Weiterentwicklung und moraltheoretische Fundierung führungsethischer Theorien geschaffen.
A revolution of one’s own: Elizabeth Edmonds translates the Greek War of Independence
Authors: Assinder Semele
Published: January 2022

In the wake of a ‘crushing sorrow’ at the age of 50, Elizabeth Edmonds (c.1821–1907) turned to Modern Greece for a solution. After four months’ stay in Athens in 1880, she returned to London a confirmed Philhellene. Her connections in Athens saw her engaging with the emergent Athenian generation of the 1880s; Palamas, Karkavitsas, Drosinis, Xenopoulos and Vizyinos were published in English translation long before they became figures of the Greek establishment. Edmonds’s links to Oscar Wilde and the diplomat Ioannis Gennadios put her in a fine position from which to promote the Greek cause in Britain. It is widely known that the Cretan Insurrection generated a ripple effect that prompted writers to return to events of 1821. My argument is that Edmonds did so with more subtlety than most. By translating Greek poetry and writing detailed articles, as well as publishing her own fiction inspired by the earlier revolution, Edmonds began to drip-feed a Philhellenism more in keeping with her own times to a British audience. The lives of Rhigas Feraios, Theodoros Kolokotronis and Bouboulina all emerged in Edmonds’s writing, along with the warrior figure of the andreiomeni lygeri. This article traces the development of Greek independence in Edmonds’s writing, from early fiction to later translation work. Through a consideration of this material, and Edmonds’s own correspondence, the article explores how the War of Independence served belatedly to give Edmonds a sense of voice and vocation.
Faktor Risiko Terhadap Kejadian Gangguan Koagulasi pada Neonatus
Authors: Sonia Ima , Budhi Kamilah , Tamam Moedrik , Padmosoedarso Indrayani
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Perdarahan pada neonatus merupakan 10% penyebab kematian di NICU. Deteksi awal perdarahan sering terlambat sebab tidak semua neonatus dengan pemanjangan faktor koagulasi bermanifestasi perdarahan. Diperlukan tindakan deteksi dini pada neonatus dengan faktor risiko penyakit perdarahan (skrining prothrombin time (PT) dan partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTTK)). Tujuan. Meneliti faktor maternal dan neonatal terhadap gangguan koagulasi pada neonatus. Metode. Studi kasus kontrol dengan 45 subjek pada kelompok kasus dengan pemanjangan studi koagulasi (PT dan PTTK) dan 45 subjek pada kelompok kontrol dengan studi koagulasi normal di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang dan RS Telogorejo (Semarang Medical Centre) antara tahun 2016-2017. Faktor risiko didapat dari anamnesis dan data rekam medik. Analisis data menggunakan chi square lanjut analisis multivariat regresi logistik ganda (Backward Wald).Hasil. Preeklampsia (RO 4,26; p=0,018) dan Kecil Masa Kehamilan (KMK) (RO 4,52; p=0,042) adalah faktor risiko signifikan terhadap pemanjangan PT dan PTTK neonatus. Faktor risiko maternal dan neonatal lain yaitu korioamnionitis, obat dikonsumsi ibu (antikoagulan /antikonvulsan), Bayi Kurang Bulan, asfiksia, sepsis, penyakit hati tidak terbukti sebagai faktor risiko pemanjangan PT dan PTTK. Kesimpulan. Preeklampsia dan KMK merupakan faktor risiko signifikan secara statistik terhadap pemanjangan PT dan PTTK pada neonatus. Preeklampsia adalah faktor risiko paling kuat berpengaruh terhadap pemanjangan PT dan PTTK pada neonatus.
Efek Samping Polifarmasi Asam Valproat dan Topiramat Dibandingkan Monofarmasi Asam Valproat pada Pasien Epilepsi
Authors: Putri Rista Harwita , Putranti Alifiani Hikmah
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Dua pertiga kasus epilepsi membaik dengan OAE dan keberhasilan bebas kejangnya dengan monofarmasi dicapai pada 55% kasus. Sedangkan sisanya mendapatkan polifarmasi. Pemberian polifarmasi meningkatkan angka bebas kejang tetapi juga dapat meningkatkan kejadian efek samping obat. Tujuan. Untuk melihat efek samping polifarmasi asam valproat dan topiramat dibandingkan monofarmasi asam valproat pasien epilepsi anak di RS Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Metode. Desain kohort prospektif pasien epilepsi di poli anak RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang periode 2018 hingga 2020. Subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diambil secara consecutive sampling. Trombositopenia dan peningkatan kadar enzim transaminase merupakan variabel yang diteliti. Hubungan antara polifarmasi dan risiko efek samping dilihat melalui risiko relatif (RR). Nilai p bermakna apabila p<0,05.Hasil. Didapatkan 23 anak mendapatkan polifarmasi dan 23 anak mendapatkan monofarmasi. Analisis menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kejadian trombositopenia pada anak yang mendapatkan polifarmasi dibandingkan monofarmasi pada 6 bulan pertama terapi epilepsi (p=0,044). Anak yang mendapatkan polifarmasi memiliki kejadian peningkatan kadar enzim SGOT lebih tinggi (OR 4,4; IK 95% 1,2-15,4; p= 0,017) dan SGPT lebih tinggi (OR 9,6; IK 95% 1,1-86,2; p= 0,047) dibandingkan monofarmasi pada 6 bulan pertama terapi epilepsi.Kesimpulan. Terdapat peningkatan kejadian trombositopenia dan peningkatan kadar enzim transaminase pada anak yang mendapatkan polifarmasi asam valproat dan topiramat dibandingkan monofarmasi asam valproat pada 6 bulan pertama terapi epilepsi.
Efektivitas Azitromisin Untuk Pencegahan Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia pada Bayi Prematur
Authors: Rany Ayu Sasmita , Marsubrin Putri Maharani Tristanita
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) merupakan salah satu komplikasi terbanyak pada bayi prematur dan juga merupakan prediktor penting terjadinya gangguan perkembangan. Upaya untuk mencegah BPD penting dilakukan untuk menurunkan angka mortalitas bayi prematur. Tujuan. Mengetahui efektivitas azitromisin dalam pencegahan BPD pada bayi prematur. Metode. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan secara ekstensif melalui beberapa pangkalan data, yaitu Pubmed, Cochrane, Google scholar, dan EBSCO dengan kata kunci “neonates”, “OR” “newborn”, “AND” “preterm”, “OR” “premature”, “AND” “azithromycin”, “AND” “bronchopulmonary dysplasia”. Hasil. Penelusuran literatur diperoleh 1 artikel yang terpilih kemudian dilakukan telaah kritis, yaitu studi telaah sistematik dan meta-analisis oleh Razak dkk, dengan level of evidence 1a. Studi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok untuk luaran BPD pada seluruh bayi prematur (RR 0,92, IK 95%, 0,71-1,19, p=0,53). Namun, terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok yang mendapat azitromisin dan kelompok yang mendapat plasebo atau tidak mendapat terapi untuk luaran angka kematian atau BPD pada bayi prematur dengan Ureaplasma positif (RR 0,83, IK 95%, 0,70-0,99, p=0,04). Durasi penggunaan suplementasi oksigen lebih rendah secara bermakna pada kelompok azitromisin dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang tidak mendapat terapi (rerata perbedaan -6,06%, IK 95%, -7,4 hingga -4,72, p<0,00001). Kesimpulan. Bukti yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian azitromisin tidak terbukti secara bermakna dapat mencegah BPD pada seluruh bayi prematur, tetapi terdapat penurunan risiko BPD atau kematian pada bayi prematur dengan kultur Ureaplasma positif. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menilai efektivitas azitromisin dalam pencegahan BPD pada bayi prematur.
COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM FIVE SPECIES OF PLANTS OF THE ASPARAGACEAE FAMILY
Authors: Karamova Nazira Sunagatovna , Khabibrakhmanova Venera Ravilevna , Abdul-Hafeez Issam Yosef , Gumerova Syumbelya Kamilevna , Kamalova Yazgul Nasikovna , Kovalenko Svetlana Alexandrovna , Ibrahim Omer Hosni Mohamed , Orabi Mohamed Abdel-Malik Abdallah
Published: January 2022

Many members of the Asparagaceae family are used in traditional medicine in different countries and characterized by a high content of biologically active metabolites. In this work, the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the components of methanol extracts from leaves and underground organs of Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook, Sansevieria trifasciata Prain, Polianthes tuberosa L., leaves of Yucca filamentosa L. and Furcraea gigantea var. watsoniana (Hort. Sander) Drumm. were determined. Extraction of plant leaves and underground organs using 80% methanol resulted in 5.2–16.7% and 16–25.1% of the total extractive substances consequently. The presence of steroidal saponins in the extracts was shown by thin layer chromatography. Spirostanol saponins were predominate in the extracts from leaves of Y. filamentosa, F. gigantea and underground organs of S. cylindrica, S. trifasciata, P. tuberosa, furastanol saponins – in the extracts from leaves of S. cylindrica and S. trifasciata. The content of terpenoid and phenolic compounds in the extracts established using spectrophotometry significantly differs depending on the plant species and their anatomical part. All the extracts tested exhibited inhibition of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical in dose-dependent manner. The highest antiradical activity demonstrated the extract from the leaves of Y. filamentosa (IC50 = 25.95 μg/ml) containing the largest amount of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids – 51.3 and 15.5% of the total extractive substances.
INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN NUTRITION CONDITIONS AND PHYTHORMONES ON CHANGE OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF SPRING WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.
Authors: Kovalevskaya Nina Petrovna
Published: January 2022

The paper shows the effect of nitrogen nutrition, exogenous auxin, and rhizosphere auxin-synthesizing microorganisms on the variability of the composition of fatty acids (FA) in the vegetative organs of spring wheat. The object of the study was seedlings of spring soft wheat Triticum aestivum L. The determination of FAs was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of FAs showed that in the control variants (without auxin), nitrogen nutrition conditions did not affect the localization of polyunsaturated FAs in vegetative organs; the maximum content of triene FAs was observed in leaves of 48.30% (N-deficient variant) and 44.8% (NO-3-variant ) and the absence of these FAs in the roots. It was found that in the presence of nitrates, the proportion of unsaturated FAs in the leaves and roots of wheat decreases. The use of exogenous auxin (5–50 μg/ml) in the early stages of ontogenesis leads to an increase in the amount of saturated (palmitic and stearic) acids and a decrease in unsaturated acids in vegetative organs, regardless of the conditions of nitrogen nutrition. During the introduction of spring wheat seedlings by auxin-synthesizing microorganisms, it was noted that nitrogen-fixing bacteria affect the leaves of plants most effectively, the content of saturated FAs increases by 72%, and only 16% increases in these FAs in the leaves of nitrate-reducing microorganisms.
EDIBLE ONION FLOWERS (ALLIUM L.) AS A SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Fomina Tat'yana Ivanovna , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna
Published: January 2022

The results of comparative study of the content of biologically active substances in the flowers of 10 species of perennial onions Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch., A. altaicum Pall., A. flavum L., A. microdictyon Prokh., A. nutans L., A. obliquum L., A. ramosum L., A. rosenbachianum Regel, A. schoenoprasum L., A. senescens L. var. glaucum Regel (A. senescens ssp. glaucum (Schrad.) N. Friesen) are presented. The freshly collected raw materials in the phase of mass flowering were analyzed. The dry matter content was determined by drying 1 g of raw material at 100–105 °C to a constant mass. The amount of phenolic compounds, pectin substances, total sugars, and carotenoids was determined spectrophotometrically using SF-56 (Russia) and SF "Agilent" 8453 (USA). For the first time, data on the quantitative content of the main groups of secondary metabolites in onion flowers were obtained. It has been established that in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, flowers of Allium species contain: 10.7-22.5% dry substances, 6.6-26.2% total sugars, 3.3–18.6% pectin substances, 3.6–10.6% phenolic compounds, 3.0–23.4  mg% carotenoids (per mass of absolutely dry materials) and 35.4–157.8 mg% ascorbic acid (per mass of raw materials). The highest values were found for A. rosenbachianum, A. flavum, and A. aflatunense. The high variability of the accumulation of biologically active substances is due to the species and the influence of weather conditions during the growing season. The study showed the prospects for using onion flowers as a source of various bioactive compounds, including when added to food.
FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FROM WASTE PAPER. III. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY OF POWDER CELLULOSES AND CELLULOSE HYDROGELS
Authors: Mikhailidi Aleksandra Mikhaylovna , Saprikina Natal'ya Nikolayevna , Kotelnikova Nina Efimovna
Published: January 2022

The morphology of hydrogels regenerated from solutions of waste paper and cardboard in DMAс/LiCl was studied for the first time in comparison with the morphology of pristine samples and powder celluloses isolated from waste paper. Two sets consisted every of them from 4 samples, pristine waste paper or cardboard, powder cellulose, swollen hydrogel and freeze-dried hydrogel, were examined with a SEM. As revealed by SEM, the freeze-dried hydrogels are porous systems with a variety of through pores in a wide range of sizes. The number, shape, and size of pores, as well as their availability, differed markedly. The pore sizes in freeze-dried hydrogels obtained from the waste paper are mostly ranged at 30-50 nm. The smallest pores in the waste cardboard are 30-40 nm in size, the largest ones are up to 4 μm. According to the results of the study, these samples will have satisfactory sorption properties but, due to the different morphology of the porous system, the availability of each sample is likely to vary significantly.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED XANTHAN GUM
Authors: Osovskaya Iraida Ivanovna , Borodina Anastasia Maksimovna , Kurzin Aleksandr  Vyacheslavovich , Roshchin Victor Ivanovich
Published: January 2022

Xanthan gum is widely used as a stabilizing, emulsifying, thickening agent in pharmacology, medicine, food, oil, paint, textile, perfume, mining and agriculture. For food purposes, potassium, sodium or calcium salts of xanthan formed by carboxyl groups of glucuronic acid and pyruvate group are used. Currently, xanthan gum is not produced on an industrial scale in Russia. There are repeated attempts to create industries in various regions of the country.

The paper synthesizes hydrophobized acetylated xanthan gum derivatives with different degrees of substitution. Physical-chemical and colloidal-chemical properties of initial and modified gum are compared by methods of viscosimetry, tensiometry, IR spectroscopy. The point of zero charge of xanthan gum is determined.. Change of macromolecule conformation depending on pH of aqueous solution and preliminary dewatering is shown. Delamination temperatures of initial and modified forms of xanthan gum were determined. The critical micelle formation concentration of the modified gum is 0.2%. At this concentration, the surface activity of the gum is 6.1 and 7.9 mJ m/kg when replacing two and five hydroxo groups, respectively. The possibility of using modified xanthan gum as a binder for obtaining fuel pellets with improved operational properties and calorific value is shown.
SYNTHESIS OF COCRYSTALS OF BETULIN WITH SUBERIC ACID AND STUDY OF THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors: Mikhailovskaya Anastasiya Vital'yevna , Myz Svetlana Anatol'yevna , Gerasimov Konstantin Borisovich , Kuznetsova Svetlana Alekseyevna , Shakhtshneider Tat'yana Petrovna
Published: January 2022

Lupane triterpenoids, betulin and its derivatives, are attracting great interest due to their wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. However, the poor solubility of betulin and its derivatives in aqueous media significantly reduces their bioavailability. Obtaining cocrystals, that is, multicomponent crystal systems containing active pharmaceutical ingredients and non-toxic partner molecules in their structure, is used in pharmacy to change the physicochemical properties of drugs, including the rate of dissolution and solubility. In this study, cocrystals of betulin with suberic acid were obtained by liquid-assisted grinding method using organic solvents of different polarity: ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, toluene, dioxane. The formation of cocrystals was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. It has been shown that cocrystals of betulin with suberic acid contain water molecules in their structure; anhydrous cocrystals can be obtained by heating a physical mixture of reagents until the acid melts. The results of experiments on the dissolution of cocrystals of betulin with suberic acid in comparison with the data for cocrystals of betulin with adipic acid showed that an increase in the length of the aliphatic acid chain leads to a decrease in the rate of betulin release into solution.
Delamination of polyimide in hydrofluoric acid
Authors: Al-mashaal Asaad K. Edaan , Cheung Rebecca
Published: January 2022

Wet etching is a critical fabrication step for the mass production of micro and nanoelectronic devices. However, when an extremely corrosive acid such as hydrofluoric (HF) acid are used during etching, an undesirable damage might occur if the device includes a material that is not compatible with the acid. Polyimide thin films can serve as sacrificial/structural layers to fabricate freestanding or flexible devices. The importance of polyimide in microelectronics is due to its relatively low stress and compatibility with standard micromachining processes. In this work, a fast delamination process of a 4-μm-thin film of polyimide from a silicon substrate has been demonstrated. The films’ detachment has been performed using a wet-based etchant of HF acid. Specifically, the effect of HF concentration on the delamination time required to detach the polyimide film from the substrate has been investigated. This study is intended to provide the information on the compatibility of using polyimide films with HF, which can help in the design and fabrication of polyimide-based devices.
Dirac oscillator in dynamical noncommutative space
Authors: Haouam Ilyas
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we address the energy eigenvalues of two-dimensional Dirac oscillator perturbed by a dynamical noncommutative space. We derived the relativistic Hamiltonian of Dirac oscillator in the dynamical noncommutative space, in which the space-space Heisenberg-like commutation relations and noncommutative parameter are position-dependent. Then, we used this Hamiltonian to calculate the first-order correction to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, based on the language of creation and annihilation operators and using the perturbation theory. It is shown that the energy shift depends on the dynamical noncommutative parameter τ . Knowing that, with a set of two-dimensional Bopp-shift transformation, we mapped the noncommutative problem to the standard commutative one.
Cavitation wear of Eurofer 97, Cr18Ni10Ti and 42HNM alloys
Authors: Rostova Hanna , Voyevodin Victor , Vasilenko Ruslan , Kolodiy Igor , Kovalenko Vladimir , Marinin Vladimir , Zuyok Valeriy , Kuprin Alexander
Published: January 2022

The microstructure, hardness and cavitation wear of Eurofer 97, Cr18Ni10Ti and 42HNM have been investigated. It was revealed that the cavitation resistance of the 42HNM alloy is by an order of magnitude higher than that of the Cr18Ni10Ti steel and 16 times higher than that of the Eurofer 97 steel. Alloy 42HNM has the highest microhardness (249 kg/mm2) of all the investigated materials, which explains its high cavitation resistance. The microhardness values of the Cr18Ni10Ti steel and the Eurofer 97 were 196.2 kg/mm2 and 207.2 kg/mm2, respectively. The rate of cavitation wear of the austenitic steel Cr18Ni10Ti is 2.6 times lower than that of the martensitic Eurofer 97.
CRACK ANALYSIS OF CFRP REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER SECONDARY LOADING
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Wang Jiawei , Jia Yanmin
Published: January 2022

The paper established the calculation formulas on the average crack spacing and the maximum crack width of CFRP（Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer）reinforced concrete beam under the secondary loading. Conversion of CFRP plate area into the reinforcement ratio of the reinforced beam, the calculation formula on the average crack spacing of CFRP reinforced concrete beam under the secondary loading was established. On basis of the calculation formula on the maximum crack width of concrete beam, the calculation formula on the maximum crack width of CFRP reinforced concrete beam under the secondary loading was established. The average crack spacing and the maximum crack width calculated by the formulas in the paper were compared with the test data, it was verified that the formula is correct.
Experimental verification of punching shear resistance of flat slab fragments
Authors: Šarvaicová Simona , Borzovič Viktor
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with the loading test results of an experimental reinforced concrete flat slab fragment, which was supported by an elongated rectangular column. The slab specimens were 200 mm thick and were designed without any shear reinforcement. By experimentally obtained punching shear resistance, the accuracy of the standard design models for prediction punching resistance was compared. The results of the experiments were also compared with the results of a numerical non-linear analysis performed in the Atena program.
FLEXURAL SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF RC T-GIRDERS STRENGTHED WITH POLYURETHANE CEMENT-PRESTRESSED STEEL WIRE ROPES
Authors: Zhang Kexin
Published: January 2022

To verify the effectiveness of polyurethane cement-prestressed steel wire ropes for flexural reinforcement of reinforced concrete T-girders, this paper conducts flexural test research on 12 pieces of T-girder specimens. Through the ABAQUS finite element program to build a model for numerical simulation, the results show polyurethane cement prestressed steel wire rope reinforcement can significantly increase the yield load and ultimate load of reinforced girders. Taking a girder in the test (20mm reinforcement thickness of polyurethane cement) as an example, yield load and ultimate load increased by 61.5% and 102.3% compared to unreinforced girder. The finite element model calculation results of T-girder bending reinforcement are in good agreement with the bending reinforcement test, and the error is only about 2%. For different strength concrete, the yield load increases slightly with the increase of concrete strength. For T-girders with different reinforcement ratios, the bearing capacity of strengthened girders changes significantly with the increase of longitudinal reinforcement ratio. The yield load of girders with reinforcement ratio of 1.82% and 1.35% is 29.84% and 65.85% higher than that of girders with reinforcement ratio of 0.91%. The yield deflection is 13.18% and 3.99% higher than that of girders with reinforcement ratio of 0.91%. It can be concluded that the bending reinforcement method of polyurethane cement prestressed steel wire ropes can effectively strengthen the main girder and ensure the structural safety.
Research Output of University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka during 2000 2019
Authors: Janen Thivya
Published: January 2022

Universities play a vital role in the research and development of a country. A scientometric analysis is an essential tool used by the administrators, funding agencies, government, and researchers to know the publication trend on a topic, institution, author, journal, etc. This study analyses pattern of articles published by the University of Jaffna (UoJ) during 2000-2019; identifies publication growth rate, most prolific authors and their citation impact, communication pattern in terms of type of documents, journal publishing country and impact factor of these journals and also the international collaboration. Analysis of the data indicates, there are 293 articles were published in WOS indexed journals. The publication growth rate indicates that there is a consistent growth in the number of publications after 2014. It was found that multi-authorship dominates among UoJ researchers. A high number of publications were on Multidisciplinary Sciences. The UoJ collaborated with different countries; among them 59 articles were published with United Kingdom. Among the highly cited top 10 publications, an article authored by Ravirajan P received a high number of citations of 480. Among the funding agencies National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka funded for 24 publications, while UoJ funded for 16 and among the international funding agencies UK Research Innovation (UKRI) funded for 7 publications during the study period.
Citation Trend of Indian Physics and Astronomy Research during 2005 2020 through the Lens of Some New Indicators
Authors: Das Gopinath , Dutta Bidyarthi , Das Anup Kumar
Published: January 2022

The indicator Citation Swing Factor (CSF) has recently been developed to quantitatively measure the diffusion process from h-core zone to h-core excess zone. This paper calculated CSF for Indian physics and astronomy research output appeared in selective Indian journals since 2005 to 2020. The theoretical values of CSF are also calculated on the basis of its fundamental equation and same was compared it with the respective observed values. The average error over entire time span is found 2.26 per cent indicating close proximity between theoretically expected and practically observed values. Besides, three other scientometric indicators are introduced here, viz. Time-Normalised Total Cited Ratio (TC), Time-Normalised Cited Uncited Ratio (CU) and Time-Normalised Total Uncited Ratio (TU). Of these four indicators, the variation of TC is highest (1.76), followed by TU (0.53), CU (0.37) and CSF(E) (0.09), as evident from the values of respective Coefficients of Variations. The numerical values of these indicators are found out for the same sample and the temporal variations along with their mutual interrelationships are determined by regression analysis. It is observed that the three indicators, TC, CU and TU are mutually interrelated through the following linear regression equations, i.e. TC = -0.76 + 1.88*TU and CU = -0.201 + 0.34*TU.
INFARMA - CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS A CAMINHO DA CONSOLIDAÇÃO NA ÁREA DAS CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS
Authors: Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Silveira Dâmaris
Published: January 2022

INFARMA - CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS A CAMINHO DA CONSOLIDAÇÃO NA ÁREA DAS CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS
BENEFÍCIOS DA AROMATERAPIA COM ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE LAVANDA NAS DIFERENTES FASES DA VIDA DA MULHER
Authors: Gomes Vitoria Marti , Nicoletti Maria Aparecida
Published: January 2022

Durante toda a vida, as mulheres são afetadas por sintomas decorrentes das mais diversas fases reprodutivas que vivem, se iniciando desde a juventude podendo se estender até idades mais avançadas, apresentando, muitas vezes, sintomas que as incapacitam de exercerem suas atividades, afetando assim sua autonomia e sua visibilidade social. A aromaterapia é uma prática onde se utiliza a inalação de óleos essenciais - concentrados voláteis extraídos de vegetais - com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde física, mental e o bem-estar do usuário. O trabalho abordará a utilização da aromaterapia com óleo essencial de Lavanda como uma Prática Integrativa e Complementar para o tratamento e alívio dos sintomas vividos por essas mulheres. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar se a prática da aromaterapia com óleo essencial de Lavanda poderia ou não trazer benefícios à saúde física e mental das mulheres. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfi ca do tipo narrativa dos últimos 10 anos, com artigos em idiomas português e inglês obtidos pelas bases de dados US National Library of Medicine – National Institute of Health (PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde – LILACS) e Web of Science. Também foram utilizadas informações em relatórios, publicações de sites de instituições nacionais, internacionais, públicas e privadas. Todos os artigos selecionados dentro dos critérios de inclusão propostos apresentaram resultados positivos com relação à utilização da aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda em, ao menos, uma das esferas de sintomas testadas nos ensaios clínicos, demonstrando que essa terapia é capaz de amenizar sintomas de diversas fases vivenciadas pelas mulheres.
INDICADORES DE QUALIDADE NO LABORATÓRIO CLÍNICO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: De Almeida Thaís Batista , Brune Maria Fernanda Spegiorin
Published: January 2022

A qualidade laboratorial é defi nida como a garantia de que toda e qualquer etapa do processo de teste é realizada corretamente. Buscando a melhoria da qualidade dos laboratórios tornou-se necessária a criação de padrões mínimos de organização para que os mesmos funcionassem. O laboratório clínico deve assegurar a confiabilidade dos serviços laboratoriais prestados por meio de controle - interno e externo - da qualidade. Todas as ações sistemáticas necessárias para dar confiança aos serviços laboratoriais a fim de atender as necessidades de saúde do paciente e prevenir a ocorrência dos erros é definido por componente operacional do sistema de controle de qualidade que podem ser medidos por meio dos indicadores de qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os indicadores de qualidade mais usados entre os laboratórios clínicos e em qual fase do processo de testagem observa-se uma maior quantidade de erros. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de artigos pesquisados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde com as palavras-chave: Indicadores de qualidade e Laboratório Clínico, no período de 2016 a 2021, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Foram selecionados 15 artigos que abordavam as fases extra-analíticas e analíticas, sendo que a maioria dos autores abordou a fase pré-analítica, visto a elevada quantidade de erros observada nesta etapa, seguido da etapa pós-analítica e de forma superficial, foi citada a etapa analítica, visto que a mesma apresenta a menor quantidade de erros no laboratório. A utilização adequada de indicadores de qualidade é uma ferramenta muito útil na gestão do laboratório, principalmente nas etapas extra-analíticas. Cabe a cada gestor a escolha dos indicadores de qualidade que melhor atendam às suas necessidades, considerando além dos aspectos econômicos, a segurança do paciente.
Notes from the Editors, January 2022
Authors: The Editors -
Published: January 2022

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This number of Monthly Review is a special issue guest edited by Manolo De Los Santos and Vijay Prashad on The Cuban Revolution Today: Experiments in the Grip of Challenges. Although it covers the major internal struggles of the ongoing Cuban Revolution, along with the external attacks on it by Washington, one unaddressed area of critical importance, which deserves mention, is Cuba’s world leadership in sustainable human development.
Introduction
Authors: Santos Manolo De Los , Prashad Vijay
Published: January 2022

The U.S. government is obsessed with Cuba. Cuba is a small island, ninety miles off the shore of Florida, that is home to eleven million people. Not a day has gone by that the United States has not tried to overturn the Cuban Revolution, through the assassination of its leaders, invasions by proxy forces, preventing it from normal commercial and diplomatic relations, and encouraging social distress in the island to become a counterrevolutionary force. That is the level of the obsession.