bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bases of pediatric medical education at the modern stage of the european experience
Authors: Svyrydova N.
Published: February 2019

Thanks to the achievements of the last several hundred years, the global processes taking place in Europe have gained a more specific character, which corresponds to the current realities of the development of the European Union and its citizens. Consequently, the understanding of the most part of the political and academic world is growing in the need to establish qualitatively close ties to the experience of educational cooperation, which develop in the formation and strengthening of its intellectual, cultural, social and scientific and technical potential in relation to the basics of postgraduate education. Thanks to the modern programs of European countries there is a possibility that allows to really evaluate their forces, to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the domestic system of teaching, and to identify and improve the ways of further growth. The concept of postgraduate training throughout the world is promoted through increased communication between universities and educational institutions, management bodies, medical societies and medical associations.
Hyperkinesis: pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment (clinical lecture)
Authors: Khanenko N. , Svyrydova N. , Chuprina G. , Parnikosa T. , Sulik R. , Sereda V. , Cherednichenko Т. , Svystun V.
Published: February 2019

Traditionally, the basic etiological concepts are considered in the views on the morphophysiological basis of hyperkinesis. Hyperkinesia is associated with hypotonia, a decrease in muscle tone, and hyperkinetic disorders are psychogenic and manifest in childhood. Hyperkinesia can be caused by a large number of various diseases, including metabolic disorders, endocrine disruption, hereditary disorders, vascular disorders or traumatic disorders. Other causes include intoxication of the nervous system, autoimmune diseases and infections. The classification of hyperkinesis is that hyperkinetic motions can be defined as any undesirable, excessive movements that can be distinguished from each other, based on the degree to which they are rhythmic, discrete, repetitive and random. When assessing a patient with suspected hyperkinesia, the doctor thoroughly records in the history of the disease a clear description of the movements, the medications prescribed in the past and present, the family history of the similar diseases, the history of the disease, including past infections, and any other influences. Treatment is aimed at reducing symptoms, restoring normal posture and improving the general condition of the patient.
Diagnosis of vertebrogenic pain syndromes
Authors: Svyrydova N. , Sereda V. , Dovgiy I. , Shcherbaty A.
Published: February 2019

Pain is a condition that is one of the most common diseases in the world. Many patients with vertebrogenic pain syndromes are multimorbidic, so they always receive field pharmacotherapy. Studies on multimorbidity have shown that chronic pain syndromes in the diagnosis and treatment are always interpreted as secondary, associated with somatic and mental disorders. Back pain can be divided into two large groups: vertebrogenic (degenerative, traumatic, inflammatory, neoplastic and other lesions of the vertebrae) and nonvertebrogenic genesis (stretching of ligaments and muscles, myofascial syndromes, fibromyalgia, somatic diseases, psychogenic factors, etc.). further). In the context of discussing vertebrogen pain syndromes, it is necessary to mention degenerative-dystrophic changes (osteochondrosis) of the spine primarily as in the vast majority of cases vertebroneurological pathology is associated with them. The following stages are distinguished: therapeutic, medical-rehabilitation, rehabilitation.
Collaborator: Ezra Pound, Translation, and Appropriation
Authors: Davis Alex
Published: February 2019

This article discusses a number of Pound's poetic works, including Homage to Sextus Propertius, Hugh Selwyn Mauberley, and selected cantos, in relation to the practice of collaborative translation undertaken by numerous modernist authors. In Pound's case, such collaboration takes the form, in the main, of a creative partnership with poets central to his conception of the ‘Tradition’, for example, Homer and Propertius. In Pound's hands, the source text is ‘made new’ for a modernist target culture by means of strategies allied to his development of a poetics of appropriation, beginning with his composition of the Malatesta Cantos, in 1922–23. Pound's collaborative engagement with pre-existing texts, or ‘found materials’, is compared in detail to the notion of ‘translation as displacement’ developed in the recent conceptual writing of Kenneth Goldsmith, in particular, his multi-lingual Against Translation. This comparative reading, it is argued, assists in an appraisal of aspects of the politics of The Cantos, specifically the growing anti-capitalism of Pound's epic in the inter-war years.
The Long Road: Catholic Schools and Catholic social integration since 1918 (Cardinal Winning Lecture, 2017)
Authors: Devine T. M.
Published: February 2019

Critics, past and present, of state-funded denominational education in Scotland after 1918 have often asserted that the system has promoted social division, separateness and even fostered sectarianism. This lecture – the Cardinal Winning Lecture, 2017, delivered to the St Andrew's Foundation for Catholic Teacher Education, University of Glasgow – disagrees with these views. Instead, the presentation argues that Catholic schooling, in addition to its recognised importance in Christian spiritual formation, has been a crucial influence promoting the integration of a formerly disadvantaged and marginalised community into modern Scotland. ‘Integration’ is defined for this purpose as the process of incorporation into mainstream society as equal citizens. The lecture considers the long and rocky road to this achievement by setting the educational experience within the broader context of Scottish religious, social, political and economic history in the twentieth century.
Alterssicherungssystem und Reichsversicherungsanstalt für Angestellte (RfA) in der „Volksgemeinschaft“. Zur Geschichte der Rentenversicherung in der NS-Zeit
Authors: Erker Paul
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht die Entwicklung der RfA, dem Versicherungsträger der Angestellten, als Teil des NS-Herrschaftssystems und im Kontext der nationalsozialistischen Rentenpolitik. Dabei geht es zum einen um die RfA als Behörde und den Prozess ihrer Transformation zu einem Teil des NS-Verwaltungsstaates, zum anderen um die Probleme der Umsetzung von Rentengesetzen aus der Perspektive der RfA am Beispiel des Handwerker-Versorgungsgesetz, und drittens schließlich wird die Diskriminierung und Exklusion von jüdischen Versicherten und Rentnern aus der Angestelltenversicherung thematisiert.
Abstract
History of the Pension Insurance of the Nazi regime: RfA as an insurance carrier for employees in the context of the National Socialist public pension policy
The article examines the development of the RfA as an insurance carrier for employees as part of the Nazi regime and in the context of the National Socialist public pension policy. On the one hand it concerns the RfA as authority and the process of its transformation to a part of the NS administrative state, on the other hand the problems of the implementation of pension laws from the perspective of the RfA on the example of the craftsman supply law, and thirdly finally the discrimination and exclusion of Jewish insured and pensioners from the employee insurance.
Der Tod und die Rente: Tuberkulosebekämpfung und Sozialversicherung im Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Bernhard Patrick
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Historisch betrachtet ist die Rentenversicherung einer der wichtigsten institutionellen Akteure des deutschen Sozialsystems im Kampf gegen die Volkskrankheit Tuberkulose, die noch zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts die Statistik der Todesursachen anführte. Wie der Beitrag auf der Basis umfangreicher Archivrecherchen zeigt, blieb die Rentenversicherung auch nach der nationalsozialistischen Machteroberung strukturell in erheblichem Maß in die öffentliche Gesundheitspolitik eingebunden und arbeitete eng mit den für die Tuberkulosebekämpfung zuständigen Stellen von Staat und NSDAP zusammen. Das geschah jedoch nicht ausschließlich, weil die nationalsozialistische Diktatur Druck auf die Rentenversicherung ausübte, wie nach 1945 in apologetischer Absicht zu lesen war. Neben Zwang spielten noch andere Faktoren eine entscheidende Rolle: starke institutionelle Kontinuitäten und ein spezifisches Traditionsverständnis innerhalb der Rentenversicherung, ideologische Schnittmengen im Denken von NS-Gesundheitspolitikern und leitenden Mitarbeitern der Rentenversicherung sowie Eigeninteressen von Heilanstalten, die das nationalsozialistische Zwangssystem für Tuberkulosekranke nutzten, um sich unbequemer Tuberkulosepatienten zu entledigen. Im Extremfall bedeutete das die eigenständige Ermordung von Patienten durch Ärzte der Rentenversicherung.
Abstract
Death and Social Security: The German State Pension System and Anti-Tuberculosis Battles under National Socialism
Seen in historical context, the state pension system was among the most important institutional actors in the German social system in the fight against the widespread public health crisis of tuberculosis, which remained a major statistical cause of death at the beginning of the 20th century. Based on extensive archive research, this paper demonstrates that to a significant extent, the pension system remained structurally embedded in public health policy after the National Socialist seizure of power, working hand in hand with the NSDAP and the government agencies responsible for combating tuberculosis. Their close cooperation was not merely the result of pressure exerted by the Nazi dictatorship on pension insurance, as one reads in post-1945 apologetic texts. Alongside coercion, other factors played a critical role, including major institutional continuities and a specific understanding of tradition within the pension insurance system, ideological overlap between the thinking of National Socialist health policy-makers and leading state pension officials, and the self-interest of sanatoria, which used the coercive National Socialist system for tuberculosis patients to rid themselves of undesirable tuberculosis patients. In extreme cases, this meant the deliberate murder of patients by pension system doctors.
Tuberkulosebekämpfung im Bezirk der Landesversicherungsanstalt Oldenburg-Bremen in der NS- und in der Besatzungszeit
Authors: Fleßner Alfred B.
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag behandelt die stationäre Versorgung von Tuberkulosekranken im Nationalsozialismus und in der anschließenden Besatzungszeit im Bezirk der Landesversicherungsanstalt (LVA) Oldenburg-Bremen. Nachdem die Wehrmacht 1939 große Teile der Bettenplätze in Lungenheilstätten beschlagnahmt hatte, organisierte die LVA ein System der Ausdifferenzierung von Patienten. Heilbehandlungen wurden stark eingeschränkt, viele Tuberkulosekranke erhielten nur noch eine Grundversorgung. Dadurch stieg die Zahl der schweren Erkrankungsformen und der Sterbefälle bis über das Kriegsende hinaus an. Tuberkulosekranke Zwangsarbeiter blieben gänzlich unversorgt. Letzteres änderte sich erst durch das Eingreifen der Besatzungsmächte, die das deutsche System der Krankenversorgung im Übrigen weitgehend unangetastet ließen.
Abstract
This article examines the inpatient care of tuberculosis patients under National Socialism and during the period of allied occupation in the district of the Oldenburg-Bremen Regional Insurance Institute [Landesversicherungsanstalt (LVA)]. After the Wehrmacht had commandeered large numbers of beds in tuberculosis sanatoria in 1939, the LVA organised a system for prioritising patients. Curative treatments were significantly reduced and many tuberculosis patients only received basic medical care. This led to a rise in more serious forms of the disease and in the numbers of terminal cases up to and beyond the end of the war. Forced labourers suffering from tuberculosis received no treatment whatsoever. This changed only following the intervention of the allied occupying powers, who otherwise left the German health care system largely unchanged.
Die Landesversicherungsanstalten Berlin und Brandenburg in der NS-Zeit
Authors: Wiethoff Carolin
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag bietet einen ersten Einblick in ein laufendes Forschungsprojekt zur Geschichte der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Berlin-Brandenburg. Im Fokus des Artikels steht die personelle Umgestaltung der Landesversicherungsanstalten Berlin und Brandenburg in der NS-Zeit. Bei beiden Anstalten fand – neben der insgesamt innerhalb der Sozialversicherung vollzogenen Zerschlagung der Selbstverwaltung – ein Wandel an der Spitze statt, indem leitende Beamte durch Nationalsozialisten ersetzt wurden. Entlassungen trafen aber auch die Belegschaft, insbesondere jüdische Ärzte bei der LVA Berlin. Untersucht wird ferner das konkrete Verwaltungshandeln der Landesversicherungsanstalten in der NS-Zeit anhand des Ruhens von Renten aus politischen Gründen und der Kontrolle von Versicherten und Arbeitgebern.
Abstract
Regional insurance institutions Berlin and Brandenburg during the Nazi Era
The article offers a first insight into an ongoing research project about the history of the “Deutsche Rentenversicherung Berlin-Brandenburg”. The article is focused on personnel restructuring within the regional insurance institutions (LVA) Berlin and Brandenburg during the Nazi Era. While self-governing structures were eliminated in all of the German social insurance sector, both insurance institutions underwent changes in their top management when senior officials were replaced by Nazis. The entire workforce was hit by dismissals, especially Jewish doctors working at the LVA in Berlin lost their jobs. The article also investigates administrate action of both insurance institutions based on different examples: the suspension of pension due to political reasons and the control over insured persons and employers.
Die Landesversicherungsanstalten Baden und Württemberg im „Dritten Reich“. Personalpolitik, Verwaltung und Rentenpraxis 1933 bis 1945
Authors: Wehner Christoph
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag skizziert die institutionelle Entwicklung der Landesversicherungsanstalten (LVAen) Baden und Württemberg im „Dritten Reich“ und stellt die Einbindung der beiden Versicherungsträger in die nationalsozialistische Renten- und Gesundheitspolitik dar. Zentrale Untersuchungsaspekte bilden die personellen Umbrüche im Zuge der nationalsozialistischen Machteroberung, die Ausschaltung der Selbstverwaltung und die Etablierung des „Führerprinzips“, der Wandel der institutionellen Leistungspolitik vor dem Hintergrund sich verändernder gesundheitspolitischer Rahmenbedingungen und Zielsetzungen sowie das Verwaltungshandeln der Versicherungsanstalten im Rahmen der NS-Rentenpolitik, insbesondere in Hinsicht auf den Ausschluss und die Diskriminierung von „Staatsfeinden“ und Juden. In einem abschließenden Kapitel wird auf die unmittelbare Nachkriegsentwicklung und die Reorganisation der demokratischen Selbstverwaltung in Baden und Württemberg eingegangen. Wesentliche Teile dieses Beitrages basieren auf der zum Teil erstmaligen Auswertung von Archivbeständen aus dem Badischen Generallandesarchiv in Karlsruhe (GLAK), dem Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (HStAS), dem Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württembergs sowie dem Bundesarchiv (BArch).
Abstract
Institutional History of the Landesversicherungsanstalten (LVAen) Baden and Württemberg in the „Third Reich“
The article outlines the institutional history of the Landesversicherungsanstalten (LVAen) Baden and Württemberg in the “Third Reich” which is embedded in the shifting goals of national socialist pension- and health policy. Key aspects are the personnel policy changes during the “Machtergreifung”, the elimination of the principle of “Selbstverwaltung” and the implementation of the “Führerprinzip”, the change of institutional policies considering the shifting premises and goals in national socialist health policy and the role of the LVAen in the pension policy of the regime, especially regarding the exclusion and discrimination of “Staatsfeinden” and Jews. In a final chapter, the article gives an outlook on post-war developments and the reorganization of the democratic “Selbstverwaltung” in Baden and Württemberg. Large parts of this article are based on the – partial first time – evaluation of collections of records of the Badisches Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe (GLAK), the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (HStAS), the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (HStAS), the Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg and the Bundesarchiv (BArch).
A New Equation of State for Dense Hydrogen–Helium Mixtures
Authors: Chabrier G. , Mazevet S. , Soubiran F.
Published: February 2019

We present a new equation of state (EOS) for dense hydrogen/helium mixtures that covers a range of densities from 10−8 to

, pressures from 10−9 to 1013 GPa, and temperatures from 102 to 108 K. The calculations combine the EOS of Saumon, Chabrier & van Horn in the low-density, low-temperature molecular/atomic domain, the EOS of Chabrier & Potekhin in the high-density, high-temperature fully ionized domain, the limits of which differ for H and He, and ab initio quantum molecular dynamics calculations in the regime of intermediate density and temperature, characteristic of pressure dissociation and ionization. The EOS for the H/He mixture is based on the so-called additive volume law and thus does not take into account the interactions between the two species. A major improvement of the present calculations over existing ones is that we calculate the entropy over the entire density–temperature domain, a necessary quantity for calculations of stellar or planetary evolution. The EOS results are compared with existing experimental data, namely Hugoniot shock experiments for pure H and He, and with first-principles numerical simulations for both the single elements and the mixture. This new EOS covers a wide range of physical and astrophysical conditions, from Jovian planets to solar-type stars, and recovers the existing relativistic EOS at very high densities, in the domains of white dwarfs and neutron stars. All the tables are made publicly available.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Inside-out versus Outside-in Quenching of Galaxies in Different Local Environments
Authors: Lin Lihwai , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Pan Hsi-An , Rembold Sandro B. , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Argudo-Fernández Maria , Rowlands Kate , Belfiore Francesco , Bizyaev Dmitry , Lacerna Ivan , Riffel Rogréio , Rong Yu , Yuan Fangting , Drory Niv , Maiolino Roberto , Wilcots Eric
Published: February 2019

The large Integral Field Spectroscopy surveys have allowed the classification of ionizing sources of emission lines on sub-kiloparsec scales. In this work, we define two non-parametric parameters, quiescence (F

q
) and its concentration (C

q
), to quantify the strength and the spatial distribution of the quenched areas, respectively, traced by the LI(N)ER regions with low EW(Hα). With these two measurements, we classify MaNGA galaxies into inside-out and outside-in quenching types according to their locations on the F

q
 versus C

q
 plane and we measure the fraction of inside-out (outside-in) quenching galaxies as a function of halo mass. We find that the fraction of galaxies showing inside-out quenching increases with halo mass, irrespective of stellar mass or galaxy type (satellites versus centrals). In addition, high-stellar-mass galaxies exhibit a greater fraction of inside-out quenching compared to low-stellar-mass ones in all environments. In contrast, the fraction of outside-in quenching does not depend on halo mass. Our results suggest that morphological quenching may be responsible for the inside-out quenching seen in all environments. On the other hand, the flat dependence of the outside-in quenching on halo mass could be a mixed result of ram pressure stripping and galaxy mergers. Nevertheless, for a given environment and stellar mass, the fraction of inside-out quenching is systematically greater than that of outside-in quenching, suggesting that inside-out quenching is the dominant quenching mode in all environments.
FUGIN: Molecular Gas in Spitzer Bubble N4—Possible Evidence for a Cloud–Cloud Collision as a Trigger of Massive Star Formations
Authors: Fujita Shinji , Torii Kazufumi , Tachihara Kengo , Enokiya Rei , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Kuno Nario , Kohno Mikito , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Nishimura Atsushi , Umemoto Tomofumi , Minamidani Tetsuhiro , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Tsuda Yuya , Sano Hidetoshi , Tsutsumi Daichi , Ohama Akio , Yoshiike Satoshi , Okawa Kazuki , Fukui Yasuo ,   other FUGIN members
Published: February 2019

Herein, we present 12CO (J = 1–0) and 13CO (J = 1–0) emission-line observations via the FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (FUGIN) toward Spitzer bubble N4. We observed clouds at three discrete velocities: 16, 19, and 25 km s−1. Their masses were 0.1 × 104
M
⊙, 0.3 × 104
M
⊙, and 1.4 × 104
M
⊙, respectively. The distribution of the 25 km s−1 cloud likely traces the ring-like structure observed at mid-infrared wavelength. The 16 and 19 km s−1 clouds have not been recognized in previous observations of molecular lines. We could not find clear expanding motion of the molecular gas in N4. On the contrary, we found a bridge feature and a complementary distribution, which are discussed as observational signatures of a cloud–cloud collision (CCC), between the 16 and 25 km s−1 clouds. We proposed a possible scenario wherein the formation of a massive star in N4 was triggered by a collision between the two clouds. The timescale of collision is estimated to be 0.2–0.3 Myr, which is comparable to the estimated dynamical age of the H ii region of ∼0.4 Myr. In N4W, a star-forming clump located west of N4, we observed molecular outflows from young stellar objects and the observational signature of a CCC. Thus, we also proposed a possible scenario in which massive- or intermediate-mass star formation was triggered via a CCC in N4W.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. XII. The Neutron Star SyXB System 4U 1700+24 = V934 Herculis
Authors: Hinkle Kenneth H. , Fekel Francis C. , Joyce Richard R. , Mikołajewska Joanna , Gałan Cezary , Lebzelter Thomas
Published: February 2019

The X-ray symbiotic (SyXB) V934 Her = 4U 1700+24 is an M giant–neutron star (NS) binary system. Employing optical and infrared radial velocities spanning 29 yr combined with the extensive velocities in the literature, we compute the spectroscopic orbit of the M giant in that system. We determine an orbital period of 4391 days, or 12.0 yr, the longest for any SyXB and far longer than the 404 day orbit commonly cited for this system in the literature. In addition to the 12.0 yr orbital period, we find a shorter period of 420 days, similar to the one previously found. Instead of orbital motion, we attribute this much shorter period to long secondary pulsation of the M3 III SRb variable. Our new orbit supports earlier work that concluded that the orbit is seen nearly pole-on, which is why X-ray pulsations associated with the NS have not been detected. We estimate an orbital inclination of 11.°3 ± 0.°4. Arguments are made that this low inclination supports a pulsation origin for the 420 day secondary period. We also measure the CNO and Fe peak abundances of the M giant and find it to be slightly metal-poor compared to the Sun, with no trace of the NS-forming supernova event. The basic properties of the M giant and NS are derived. We discuss the possible evolutionary paths that this system has taken to get to its current state.
Optical Spectroscopy and Demographics of Redback Millisecond Pulsar Binaries
Authors: Strader Jay , Swihart Samuel , Chomiuk Laura , Bahramian Arash , Britt Chris , Cheung C. C. , Dage Kristen , Halpern Jules , Li Kwan-Lok , Mignani Roberto P. , Orosz Jerome A. , Peacock Mark , Salinas Ricardo , Shishkovsky Laura , Tremou Evangelia
Published: February 2019

We present the first optical spectroscopy of five confirmed (or strong candidate) redback millisecond pulsar binaries, obtaining complete radial velocity curves for each companion star. The properties of these millisecond pulsar binaries with low-mass, hydrogen-rich companions are discussed in the context of the 14 confirmed and 10 candidate field redbacks. We find that the neutron stars in redbacks have a median mass of 1.78 ± 0.09 M
⊙ with a dispersion of σ = 0.21 ± 0.09. Neutron stars with masses in excess of 2 M
⊙ are consistent with, but not firmly demanded by, current observations. Redback companions have median masses of 0.36 ± 0.04 M
⊙ with a scatter of σ = 0.15 ± 0.04 M
⊙, and a tail possibly extending up to 0.7–0.9 M
⊙. Candidate redbacks tend to have higher companion masses than confirmed redbacks, suggesting a possible selection bias against the detection of radio pulsations in these more massive candidate systems. The distribution of companion masses between redbacks and the less massive black widows continues to be strongly bimodal, which is an important constraint on evolutionary models for these systems. Among redbacks, the median efficiency of converting the pulsar spin-down energy to γ-ray luminosity is ∼10%.
Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca-CN Photometry. IV. Toward Precision Populational Tagging*
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo
Published: February 2019

Apparently similar but multifaceted photometric systems are currently being used to investigate the multiple stellar populations in globular clusters (GCs), without the concrete general agreement on the definition of the multiple populations. In recent years, an attractive idea of utilization of the widely used UBI photometry, C

UBI
, for the populational tagging of the giant stars in GCs has emerged. We perform a critical analysis of the

and C

UBI
indices, finding that the populational tagging from the C

UBI
index may not be reliable, due to the inherited trait of the broadband photometry. As a consequence, the populational number ratios and the cumulative radial distributions from the C

UBI
index can be easily in error. The results for M3, which shows a very strong radial gradient in the populational number ratio, highlight the strengths of our

index: both the Hubble Space Telescope imaging and the ground-based spectroscopy failed to grasp the correct picture, which can be easily achieved with our

index with small-aperture ground-based telescopes, due to the small field of view or crowdedness in the central part of the cluster.
Magnetic Turbulence Spectra and Intermittency in the Heliosheath and in the Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Fraternale Federico , Pogorelov Nikolai V. , Richardson John D. , Tordella Daniela
Published: February 2019

The understanding of inertial-scale dynamics in the heliosheath is not yet thorough. Magnetic field fluctuations across the inner heliosheath (IHS) and the local interstellar medium (LISM) are here considered to provide accurate and highly resolved statistics over different plasma conditions between 88 and 136 au. By using the unique in situ 48 s measurements from the Voyager Interstellar Mission, we investigate different fluctuation regimes at the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scales, down to the MHD-to-kinetic transition. We focus on a range of scales exceeding five frequency decades (5 × 10−8 < f < 10−2 Hz), which is unprecedented in literature analysis. A set of magnetic field data for eight intervals in the IHS, in both unipolar and sector regions, and four intervals in the LISM is used for the analysis. Results are set forth in terms of the power spectral density, spectral compressibility, structure functions, and intermittency of magnetic field increments. In the heliosheath, we identify the energy-injection regime displaying a ∼1/f energy decay, and the inertial-cascade regime. Here, the power spectrum is anisotropic and dominated by compressive modes, with intermittency that can reach kurtosis values of up to 10. In the interstellar medium the structure of turbulence is anisotropic as well, with transverse fluctuations clearly prevailing after 2015 May. Here, we show that intermittent features occur only at scales smaller than 10−6 Hz.
A benchmark dataset of herbarium specimen images with label data
Authors: Dillen Mathias , Groom Quentin , Chagnoux Simon , Güntsch Anton , Hardisty Alex , Haston Elspeth , Livermore Laurence , Runnel Veljo , Schulman Leif , Willemse Luc , Wu Zhengzhe , Phillips Sarah
Published: February 2019

More and more herbaria are digitising their collections. Images of specimens are made available online to facilitate access to them and allow extraction of information from them. Transcription of the data written on specimens is critical for general discoverability and enables incorporation into large aggregated research datasets. Different methods, such as crowdsourcing and artificial intelligence, are being developed to optimise transcription, but herbarium specimens pose difficulties in data extraction for many reasons.

To provide developers of transcription methods with a means of optimisation, we have compiled a benchmark dataset of 1,800 herbarium specimen images with corresponding transcribed data. These images originate from nine different collections and include specimens that reflect the multiple potential obstacles that transcription methods may encounter, such as differences in language, text format (printed or handwritten), specimen age and nomenclatural type status. We are making these specimens available with a Creative Commons Zero licence waiver and with permanent online storage of the data. By doing this, we are minimising the obstacles to the use of these images for transcription training. This benchmark dataset of images may also be used where a defined and documented set of herbarium specimens is needed, such as for the extraction of morphological traits, handwriting recognition and colour analysis of specimens.
Type specimens of Neuropterida in the Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford University Museum of Natural History
Authors: Tauber Catherine A. , Simmons Zoë , Tauber Agatha J.
Published: February 2019

The Hope Entomological Collection in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History holds a large and diverse array of historically valuable type specimens for species in the superorder Neuropterida (Megaloptera, Neuroptera, and Raphidioptera). Most are from the mid-1800s (1823–1874). Here, we report each type found during a rigorous search of the collection, and we confirm the identity and status of each type with bibliographic, specimen, and label data. Images, current nomenclatural information, and references for name changes are provided for each species.

We identified primary or secondary types for 76 species in seven families of Neuroptera, primary and secondary types for one species of Raphidoptera (Raphidiidae), and secondary types for three species of Megaloptera (Corydalidae). Among the Neuroptera, we found primary types for 26 species of Mantispidae, 16 species of Myrmeleontidae, 11 species of Ascalaphidae, seven species of Nemopteridae, five species of Chrysopidae, and one species each of Coniopterygidae and Hemerobiidae. Types for only two species that were reported to be in the collection were not found.

To help stabilize the nomenclature, we made new lectotype designations for the following six species in the Hope Collection:ColobopterusdissimilisMcLachlan, 1871;MantispabatesellaWestwood, 1867;MantispamyrapetrellaWestwood, 1867;MantispatropicaWestwood, 1852;MyrmeleonanomalusRambur, 1842; andMyrmeleonsingulareWestwood, 1847. We also made new lectotype designations for two species in the Natural History Museum in London:MantispaindicaWestwood, 1852, andMantispaquadrituberculataWestwood, 1852. In several other cases, holotype determinations in the literature were recognized as lectotype designations. Finally, to correct an important error in the literature, we reinstated the synonymization ofAscalaphusanticusWalker, 1853,A.loquaxWalker, 1853, andA.truxWalker, 1853 underA.longusWalker, 1853.
Three new species of the Macrophya maculitibia group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) with a key to known species from China
Authors: Li Zejian , Liu Mengmeng , Wei Meicai
Published: February 2019

TheMacrophyamaculitibiagroup is proposed and defined. Five species are reported from China, among them three new species,Macrophyalongifossasp. n.,M.motuoasp. n., andM.yunnanasp. n., and two known species,M.maculitibiaTakeuchi, 1933, andM.jiuzhainaChen & Wei, 2005. A key to the Chinese species of theM.maculitibiagroup is provided.
Invasive Species Removal Promotes Habitat Restoration but Does Not Immediately Improve the Condition of a Threatened Plant Subspecies
Authors: Mattingly Kali Z. , Wiley John J. , Leopold Donald J.
Published: February 2019

Impacts of invasive species on rare species are relevant to conservation. We studied the response of Leedy's roseroot Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. leedyi, a subspecies listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, to removal of the invasive species Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica. Japanese knotweed has invaded the largest known population of Leedy's roseroot, affecting about 10% of all Leedy's roseroot in the world. Japanese knotweed shaded Leedy's roseroot, but the two did not share belowground resources because of their position on cliffs. To study this interaction and, ultimately, to restore Leedy's roseroot habitat to an open, high-light condition, we removed Japanese knotweed in a three-treatment block design. We measured Leedy's roseroot abundance, growth, and reproduction in treatment blocks and in uninvaded areas before and after treatment. Compared with uninvaded areas, Japanese knotweed invasion negatively affected Leedy's roseroot abundance, growth, and reproduction. Light interception by Japanese knotweed degraded the habitat for Leedy's roseroot. Herbicide removal of Japanese knotweed resulted in increased light and temperature compared with untreated invaded plots but did not affect Leedy's roseroot abundance, growth, or reproduction over the 2 y of our study. These results show that invasive species removal is conducive to restoring Leedy's roseroot habitat, but recovery in the subspecies may lag behind restoration of the habitat, suggesting that additional action or time may be required to restore preinvasion performance of Leedy's roseroot. Results of this study may inform restoration efforts for other systems and contribute to the literature on interspecific interactions.
Cinéma, mesure des émotions et diffusion : le docteur Toulouse, le biologiste Cépède et le service scientifique des établissements Pathé frères (1918-1919)
Authors: Cépède Frédéric
Published: February 2019

En 1909 Charles Pathé intéressé au développement du cinéma scientifique confia à Jean Comandon la direction d’un laboratoire de microcinématographie dans un service dit « Le Scientifique » de son usine de Vincennes. On y réalisa nombre de films de vulgarisation. Après la guerre cet intérêt scientifique s’orienta vers l’analyse des réactions du public face à des images projetées afin d’améliorer le rendement des films en ciblant le type d’images et le meilleur rythme permettant de provoquer les émotions recherchées. Ce sont les docteurs Raoul Mourgue, et Édouard Toulouse qui sont chargés de ces recherches. Le biologiste Casimir Cépède (1882-1954), fondateur en 1918 de l’Institut de biologie appliquée auprès de l’Institut Pasteur, assiste ces derniers. Cet article exploitant des fonds d’archives jusqu’ici inexplorés met en lumière la personnalité de Cépède, son projet d’une psychocinématographie qui serait à la base de l’industrie et de l’exploitation cinématographique. Proposé à Charles Pathé, un Comité scientifique est créé brièvement à cette fin. Les perspectives envisagées vont de la propagande à la pédagogie. À partir de 1924 Cépède se dirige vers le nouveau medium de la radio.
Les Halles (1929), une œuvre charnière dans le développement du jeune opérateur et cinéaste Boris Kaufman ?
Authors: Muelsch Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

En 1929 Boris Kaufman et André Galitzine, tous deux venus de Russie à Paris, réalisent un film sur les Halles. On a longtemps considéré sa seule première partie, d’une durée de 7 minutes environ, comme étant l’entièreté du film ou ce qui en restait. Or ce court métrage durait plus de 22 minutes. Il ne fut retrouvé qu’en 2000 après la mort de l’ambassadeur suisse August Lindt à Berne. Jakob Lindt le remit à David Landolf, directeur de la Lichtspiel/Kinemathek à Berne permettant désormais d’appréhender ce film dans sa totalité. Cet article s’attache par conséquent à retracer l’histoire de cette production marginale éclairant par là la personnalité mal connue de Boris Kaufman, frère de Dziga Vertov, futur co-réalisateur et opérateur de Jean Lods puis de Jean Vigo, devenu ensuite un chef opérateur réputé aux États-Unis. Il interroge à la fois le rapport que le film, dans sa structure, entretient avec le Ventre de Paris de Zola et, dans ses partis pris stylistiques, ceux que l’on peut rattacher à « l’école » de l’Avant-garde française et ceux qui font écho à la doctrine du Ciné-Œil.
Cartographie du combat pour Enthousiasme. Un dessin de Dziga Vertov
Authors: Pozner Valérie
Published: February 2019

Le point de départ de cet article est un dessin de Dziga Vertov. Pour le cinéaste, il s’agit de visualiser les forces en présence au moment où il travaille sur Enthousiasme (Symphonie du Donbass) dont le nom est inscrit au centre du dessin entre les noms des quatre villes où se déroulent le tournage et la production – Leningrad, Moscou, Kiev et Kharkov. L’emploi des couleurs permet à Vertov de distinguer les forces favorables et néfastes. L’une pour les obus ainsi que les termes, actions et noms des personnes nuisibles. Une autre pour le titre du film et les personnes ou organismes dont il attend aide et soutien. Le film fut entrepris à l’été 1929, et les premières prises de vues débutèrent au mois de septembre. La production dura au total un peu plus d’un an. C’est à partir de 1930 qu’on voit apparaître le titre Enthousiasme. La première projection eut lieu en novembre 1930, mais le film ne sortit qu’en avril de l’année suivante, après remontage.
Detection of Extended- Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli from mesenteric lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Bonardi Silvia , Cabassi Clotilde Silvia , Longhi Simona , Pia Federico , Corradi Margherita , Gilioli Stefano , Scaltriti Erika
Published: February 2019

Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are increasing in several European countries, including Italy. In areas with intensive animal farming, like the Italian Emilia-Romagna region, they are likely to be exposed to antimicrobialresistant (AMR) bacteria of livestock origin. In 2017-2018, 108 mesenteric lymph nodes samples were collected from 108 wild boars hunted in Parma province, Emilia-Romagna region, to be tested for ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli. One isolate (WB-21L) out of 108 (0.9%) was phenotypically confirmed as ESBLproducing E. coli. The strain WB-21L was tested by PCR for the genes blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaAmpC, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaSPM, blaBIC, blaSIM, blaDIM, blaGIM, blaAIM, resulting positive for TEM β-lactamase. Resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, streptomycin, sulfasomidine, tetracycline and trimethoprim confirmed the multi-resistance nature of the strain WB-21L. Nine E. coli isolates showed resistance to meropenem by the Kirby Bauer test but none of them showed Meropenem MIC values indicative of resistance. In conclusion, the present study shows the presence of ESBL E. coli in wild boars and the possible risk of transfer to game meat handlers and consumers. Future studies are needed to better evaluate the sources of AMR bacteria in wildlife.
Environmental factors as drivers for macroinvertebrate and diatom diversity in Alpine lakes: New insights from the Stelvio National Park (Italy)
Authors: Boggero Angela , Zaupa Silvia , Musazzi Simona , Rogora Michela , Dumnicka Elzbieta , Lami Andrea
Published: February 2019

Information on the biodiversity of high altitude lakes in the Stelvio National Park was scarce and fragmentary, in most cases limited to a few studies on a single biological issue. To fill this gap, a multidisciplinary research program was established in 2011 to investigate macroinvertebrates, diatoms, and water chemistry in 8 high altitude lakes within the boundaries of the Park (Rhaetian Alps, Eastern Alps). The results of this study were compared with data on biological assemblages and chemical parameters of Alpine lakes in the Pennine-Lepontine Alps (Western Alps), to evaluate the role of local drivers with respect to regional ones. This comparison was possible thanks to the adoption of standardized sampling methodologies developed since the ’90s by the National Research Council-Water Research Institute (Verbania), in collaboration with several European Research centers. Despite located in a restricted geographical area, the lakes of the Stelvio National Park showed a high variability of chemical composition, and of sensitivity to acidification, lower than that of the Pennine-Lepontine Alpine lakes. Macroinvertebrate and diatom taxa were ubiquitous and frequent along the Alps, and mainly represented by cold-stenothermal species. Richness, Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou indices applied to phyto- and zoobenthos highlighted significantly lower values in Stelvio National Park lakes than in those of Pennine-Lepontine for macroinvertebrates, while no significant differences were found for diatoms. Two groups of lakes were identified by Cluster Analysis, mainly on the basis of major ion concentrations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that the macroinvertebrate assemblage of the lakes studied is driven mainly by altitude and lake surface, and, to a lesser extent, by nutrient content. On the contrary, pH and acid-related variables played a secondary role for diatoms, while nutrients and, more in general, ionic content had significant effects on their species composition. Overall, the results of this first investigation showed that the high elevation of these lakes affects their macroinvertebrate assemblages, while their diatom communities are comparable throughout the Alps.
On a square-ice analogue of plane partitions
Authors: Govindarajan Suresh , Guttmann Anthony J. , Subramanyan Varsha
Published: February 2019

We study a one-parameter family

(\ell=1,2,3,…)

of configurations that are square-ice analogues of plane partitions. Using an algorithm due to Bratley and McKay, we carry out exact enumerations in order to study their asymptotic behaviour and establish, via Monte Carlo simulations as well as explicit bounds, that the asymptotic behaviour is similar to that of plane partitions. We finally carry out a series analysis and provide independent estimates for the asymptotic behaviour.
Efficacy of Mass Azithromycin Distribution for Reducing Childhood Mortality Across Geographic Regions
Authors: Porco Travis C. , Oldenburg Catherine E. , Arzika Ahmed M. , Kalua Khumbo , Mrango Zakayo , Cook Catherine , Lebas Elodie , Bailey Robin L. , West Sheila K. , Oron Assaf P. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Lietman Thomas M. , _ _
Published: February 2019

Mass azithromycin distribution has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality in preschool children in sub-Saharan Africa. However, substantial heterogeneity in the apparent effect has been noted across geographic settings, suggesting a greater relative benefit in higher mortality settings. Here, we evaluated the relationship between the underlying mortality rate and the efficacy of azithromycin for the prevention of child mortality using data from multiple sites in Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, and Tanzania. Between regions, we find no strong evidence of effect modification of the efficacy of azithromycin distribution for the prevention of child mortality by the underlying mortality rate (P = 0.12), although a modest effect is consistent with our findings. Higher mortality settings could be prioritized, however, because of the larger number of deaths which could be averted with azithromycin distribution.
Activated biomass of the green microalga Chlamydomonas variabilis as an efficient biosorbent to remove methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions
Authors: Moghazy Reda M
Published: February 2019

The raw and activated biomass of a green microalga, Chlamydomonas variabilis, were investigated as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Chlamydomonas variabilis was isolated and cultivated to obtain a sufficient algal biomass. The collected biomass was first oven-dried and then activated by H2SO4. The results obtained showed that the optimum adsorption of MB occurred over 30 min of contact time at pH 7 and an biosorbent dose of 1.5 and 1.0 g·L−1 of dried biomass and activated biosorbent, respectively. Point of zero charge (pHpzc) was recorded at pH 6.8 and 6.9 for dried and activated biomass, respectively. The activated biomass was a more effective biosorbent than was the dried biomass: At a MB concentration of 82.4 mg·L−1, the minimum removal was greater than 98% using 1 g·L−1 activated biomass with a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 115 mg·g−1, whereas at a MB concentration of 56.4 mg·L−1, the maximum removal did not exceed 80.8% using 1.5 g·L−1 raw biomass with a qmax of 18.3 mg·g−1. Furthermore, the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models of adsorption showed a better model fit when using activated biomass than when using raw biomass, with the former yielding R2 values greater than 0.9. The kinetic data suggest that the adsorption of MB follows the pseudo-second-order equation better than the pseudo-first-order one. This study demonstrates that the activated biomass of Chlamydomonas variabilis can be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater streams.
Optimising intra-seasonal irrigation water allocation: Comparison between mixed integer nonlinear programming and differential evolution
Authors: Grové B , Du Plessis MC
Published: February 2019

Optimising crop planning in conjunction with intra-seasonal water allocation necessitates the use of daily water budget calculations to determine the timing and amount of irrigation events, which complicates the solution of the problem to global optimality. The main objective of this research was to compare the intra-seasonal water allocation of a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model with that of differential evolution (DE), to allocate a limited amount of water while considering irrigable area and the irrigation schedule that will maximise the total gross margin. Results show that both solution procedures adhere to economic theory of water allocation under limited water supply. The conclusion is that the MINLP model most likely achieved very near global optimality as the solutions of the two models were very close to each other. DE holds promise to solve more complex models involving risk and multiple crops.