bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Image Super‐Resolution Reconstruction Method for Lung Cancer CT‐Scanned Images Based on Neural Network
Authors: Xu Jianming , Liu Weichun , Qin Yang , Xu Guangrong
Published: July 2022

The super‐resolution (SR) reconstruction of a single image is an important image synthesis task especially for medical applications. This paper is studying the application of image segmentation for lung cancer images. This research work is utilizing the power of deep learning for resolution reconstruction for lung cancer‐based images. At present, the neural networks utilized for image segmentation and classification are suffering from the loss of information where information passes through one layer to another deep layer. The commonly used loss functions include content‐based reconstruction loss and generative confrontation network. The sparse coding single‐image super‐resolution reconstruction algorithm can easily lead to the phenomenon of incorrect geometric structure in the reconstructed image. In order to solve the problem of excessive smoothness and blurring of the reconstructed image edges caused by the introduction of this self‐similarity constraint, a two‐layer reconstruction framework based on a smooth layer and a texture layer is proposed for a medical application of lung cancer. This method uses a global nonzero gradient number constrained reconstruction model to reconstruct the smooth layer. The proposed sparse coding method is used to reconstruct high‐resolution texture images. Finally, a global and local optimization models are used to further improve the quality of the reconstructed image. An adaptive multiscale remote sensing image super‐division reconstruction network is designed. The selective core network and adaptive gating unit are integrated to extract and fuse features to obtain a preliminary reconstruction. Through the proposed dual‐drive module, the feature prior drive loss and task drive loss are transmitted to the super‐resolution network. The proposed work not only improves the subjective visual effect but the robustness has also been enhanced with more accurate construction of edges. The statistical evaluators are used to test the viability of the proposed scheme.
Effectiveness of Augmented Reality for Lower Limb Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chang Hongbin , Song Yang , Cen Xuanzhen
Published: July 2022

Augmented reality- (AR-) based interventions have shown potential benefits for lower limb rehabilitation. However, current literature has not revealed these benefits as a whole. The main purposes of this systematic review were to determine the efficacy of AR-based interventions on lower limb recovery of the larger population based on the current process that has been made in this regard. Relevant studies were retrieved from five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) using “augmented reality” OR “AR” AND “lower limb” OR “lower extremity” AND “intervention” OR “treatment”. Sixteen studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review, and they were further grouped into three categories based on the participant types. Seven studies focused on the elderly adults, six on the stroke patients, and the last three on Parkinson patients. Based on the findings of these trials, the significant effects of AR-based interventions on lower limb rehabilitation (i.e., balance, gait, muscle, physical performance, and fall efficacy) have been initially confirmed. Favorable results were achieved at least the same as the interventions without AR except for the turning and timing in the freezing of gait of Parkinson patients. However, given the infancy of this technology in clinical practices, more robust trials with larger sample sizes and greater homogeneity in terms of devices and treatment settings are warranted for further verification.
Chronic Infection with Hidden Malignancy Mimicking the Clinical Presentation of an Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Bakhsh Ammar , Miyajan Khalil , Sadaqa Abdulghani , Eisa Amer , Faidah Ghali , Almoallim Hani
Published: July 2022

Infections of the paranasal sinuses are common and usually occur in patients who are immunocompromised. Many atypical clinical presentations have been reported but rarely in the elderly population. We report a 71-year-old female patient with a 20-year history of an autoimmune disease who had recently become resistant to treatment. Her autoimmune symptoms significantly improved following resection of deeply seated bacterial infection in her paranasal sinuses. She was also diagnosed with cervical cancer. Clinicians should look carefully for hidden infections and/or malignancies in patients lacking response while on immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune disease.
Biliverdin Reductase A Protects Lens Epithelial Cells against Oxidative Damage and Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Cataract
Authors: Huang Yang , Liu Ying , Yu Siwei , Li Wenzhe , Li Jinglan , Zhao Bo , Hu Xin , Jin Haiying
Published: July 2022

Age-related cataract (ARC) is the common cause of blindness globally. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the greatest contributors to aging process, leads to oxidative damage and senescence of lens epithelial cells (LECs), which are involved in the pathogenesis of ARC. Biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) has ROS-scavenging ability by converting biliverdin (BV) into bilirubin (BR). However, little is known about the protective effect of BVRA against ARC. In the present study, we measured the expression level of BVRA and BR generation in human samples. Then, the antioxidative property of BVRA was compared between the young and senescent LECs upon stress condition. In addition, we evaluated the effect of BVRA on attenuating H2O2-induced premature senescence in LECs. The results showed that the mRNA expression level of BVRA and BR concentration were decreased in both LECs and lens cortex of age-related nuclear cataract. Using the RNA interference technique, we found that BVRA defends LECs against oxidative stress via (i) restoring mitochondrial dysfunction in a BR-dependent manner, (ii) inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression directly, and (iii) promoting phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and nuclear delivery of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Intriguingly, the antioxidative effect of BVRA was diminished along with the reduced BR concentration and repressed nuclear translocation of BVRA and Nrf2 in senescent LECs, which would be resulted from the decreased BVRA activity and impaired nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Eventually, we confirmed that BVRA accelerates the G1 phase transition and prevents against H2O2-induced premature senescence in LECs. In summary, BVRA protects LECs against oxidative stress and cellular senescence in ARC by converting BV into BR, inducing HO-1 expression, and activating the ERK/Nrf2 pathway. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2000036059.
Inquiry-Based Learning in Science Education: A Content Analysis of Research Papers in Ethiopia (2010–2021)
Authors: Berie Zeleke , Damtie Destaw , Bogale Yenus Nurie
Published: July 2022

The development of learning theories, present societal needs, and the positive empirical findings in the relevant literature support the thesis that inquiry-based learning (IBL) is promising for teaching and learning, which deserves further development. Few studies have been conducted on content analysis of IBL in science education at the international level. However, the overall trends of IBL in science education research trends in Ethiopia are not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nature and status of inquiry-based learning research in Ethiopia by employing a quantitative method. A total of 23 studies, including 14 theses, eight articles, and one dissertation were analyzed in terms of the methodological approaches used and the subjects studied. The most frequently investigated IBL science areas were biology (43.5%) and chemistry (34.75%). Guided inquiry (69.6%) (5E model = 65.2% and 7E model = 4.4%) studies were the most frequently investigated inquiry types. Teaching (47.8%) and learning (43.5%) were the most frequently focused subject matters of the studies reviewed, while cognitive elements (58.6%) were the most frequently used research elements in IBL studies, and quantitative studies with predominantly quasi-experimental methods (60.9%) were widely employed. The findings of this study indicated that IBL was found to be a new research area in Ethiopia where it has been practiced in science education at the primary level. This study is considered useful to develop an understanding of the nature and status of IBL research in Ethiopia and provide information on what could be done about IBL in the future.
Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Combined with Estriol on Pelvic Floor Dysfunction after Total Hysterectomy Applied in Perimenopause
Authors: Jin Jichao , Wang Minyuan
Published: July 2022

Objective. Total hysterectomy (TH) is becoming more and more common in clinical practice, and many patients suffer from postoperative complications such as pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). How to prevent and treat PFD is an important part of the current clinical work, and it is important to improve patients’ postoperative quality of life. This study was to investigate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) combined with estriol on PFD after TH in perimenopause. Methods. Totally, 95 patients who developed PFD receiving TH in our hospital between January 2020 and June 2021 were selected. They were randomly divided into a PFMT+ET (estriol therapy) group (

n
=
49

) and CT group (conventional treatment,

n
=
46

). After treatment, the two groups were compared in terms of pelvic floor muscle tension (systolic pressure and resting pressure of the vagina), female sexual function index (pain, satisfaction, orgasm, sexual arousal, sexual desire, and lubrication), and the degree of PFD (persistent time of vaginal muscle contraction, 1-hour pad test, residual urine volume, and frequency of urinary incontinence). Results. After 4 months of treatment, vaginal systolic pressure and resting pressure were significantly increased in both groups, with higher levels in the PFMT+ET group. Also, the improvement in female sexual function index score and persistent time of vaginal muscle contraction was observed to be greater in the PFMT+ET group than in the CT group. Additionally, PFMT combined with estriol resulted in lower levels of urinary leakage in the 1-hour pad test, residual urine volume, and frequency of urinary incontinence. Conclusions. The postoperative intervention of PFMT combined with estriol in perimenopausal patients with TH can significantly improve vaginal muscle contraction, improve the quality of sexual life, and reduce the degree of PFD, which has a good application prospect.
β-Elemene Promotes Apoptosis Induced by Hyperthermia via Inhibiting HSP70
Authors: Zhang Cuiwei , Li Shuiqin , Zhao Ziyi
Published: July 2022

Thermotherapy has been presented as a promising strategy to be used as an effective nonsurgical technique for colorectal carcinoma. Although this strategy presents several advantages, including low toxicity and high repeatability, thermotherapy often needs to be combined with other therapies because residual tumor cells that survive hyperthermal treatment often lead to relapse. In this study, we evaluated the effects of β-elemene, which has been proven to have the potential to reverse chemotherapy drug resistance, on promoting the antitumor effects of hyperthermia. β-elemene treatment significantly promoted apoptosis after 2 hours of hyperthermia treatment and blocked cell cycle phases at G1/G0. β-elemene also significantly decreased colony formation and tumor formation abilities after hyperthermia treatment. β-elemene treatment significantly decreased HSP70, but not HSP90 or HSP27, induced by hyperthermia treatment without disturbing HSP70 mRNA. It was also found that β-elemene decreased phosphorylated ERK1/2 induced by hyperthermia. Regain of HSP70 reversed β-elemene-mediated apoptosis, indicating that β-elemene may induce apoptosis by decreasing HSP70. Moreover, β-elemene treatment significantly decreased invasion capacity by decreasing the EMT, which was induced by hyperthermia treatment. Taken together, our results offer a potential strategy for CRC therapy via the combination of hyperthermia and β-elemene.
Big Data Technology in the Macrodecision-Making Model of Regional Industrial Economic Information Applied Research
Authors: Lin Kaiyan
Published: July 2022

In the era of Internet +, modern industry has developed rapidly, the network economy has promoted the great development of the industrial economy, and the traditional industrial economic statistics method has not been suitable for the development needs of modern enterprises. In today’s society, it can be described as the era of big data, the use of big data technology for industrial economic statistics is needed for the development of industrial modernization, and it is also a new requirement for industrial economic statistics put forward by social development. With the wide application of Internet of Things, cloud computing, mobile Internet, remote sensing, and geographic information technology in the economic field, precise economic policies have gradually developed and matured. Especially for different industries in the regional economy, according to the big data in the region, the big data mining technology and analysis technology can be used to obtain the development situation and future trend of the industrial economy in a timely and effective manner. Applying big data technology to macrodecision of regional economic information is an effective way to make macrodecision of current economy. Based on this background, this paper proposes a macroeconomic decision-making method for regional industries based on big data technology. Using data mining technology, time series data analysis methods combined with artificial intelligence analysis, the development trend of regional industries is obtained, and then the development trend of the industry is obtained. Development makes macroeconomic decisions. Taking agriculture as an example, the most popular analysis of the price trend of a certain agricultural product provides an effective reference for the development strategy of this agricultural product. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively apply big data technology to the macrodecision-making of regional industrial economy. And it has better promotion significance.
Utilization of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Experience among Mizan-Tepi University Students in Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Adulo Lema Abate , Hassen Sali Suleman , Kontuab Admasu Markos
Published: July 2022

Background. Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is the primary gateway to HIV prevention, caution, and handling, where people learn whether they are infected. This study was aimed to assess the determinants of voluntary counseling and testing experience among students. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November and January, 2020. A simple random sampling procedure was used to select participants from the target group. The Chi-square test, descriptive analysis, and a binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors associated with VCT experience among students. Results. Out of 398 participants, 42.5% experienced VCT services. From 59.5% of female participants in the study, only 22.9% experienced VCT services. The logistic regression results revealed that male participants less likely experienced VCT (AOR = 0.549; 95%CI: 0.330, 0.910;

p
=
0.020

) compared to female students. Students who had VCT service access in their surroundings (AOR = 2.348; 95%CI: 1.371, 4.020;

p
=
0.002

), a sexual partner (AOR = 3.795; 95%CI: 1.214, 11.868;

p
=
0.022

), and media access (AOR = 2.374; 95%CI: 1.059, 5.320;

p
=
0.036

) were more likely to utilize VCT services than their reference categories. Conclusions. VCT utilization among students remains limited. In this study, sex, age, region, the education of mother and father, having boy/girlfriend, the source of information, service access, media access, and attitude were the identified factors of VCT utilization. To enhance the usage of VCT services, the facilities should be publicized, and all information regarding VCT should be made available to teenagers.
Damage Identification of Wind-Break Wall Structures based on the Further Updated Wavelet Packet Frequency Bands Energy Ratio Spectrum
Authors: Xu Qian
Published: July 2022

Damage will appear in the wind-break wall under the effects of many factors. The wind-break wall may be destroyed when the damage is accumulated to some extent, which may cause accidents. To identify damage within the wind-break wall structure, the Wavelet Packet frequency bands energy ratio spectrum analysis of the virtual impulse response function of responses to the wind-break wall was performed under the effects of excitation. Based on the damage sensitivity analysis of subfrequency bands, a further updated Wavelet Packet frequency bands energy ratio spectrum was proposed. To reflect the damage information sensitively, the feature bands, which were more sensitive to damage, were selected via the threshold value ε0. Then, the Wavelet Packet damage feature vector and damage identification index, which can reflect damage information of the wind-break walls sensitively, were proposed. A damage identification method for wind-break walls was proposed. To verify the validity of this damage identification method, the vibration tests on a pile plate wind-break wall were performed. Damage within the wall was identified via the method. The tests results show that the damage feature vector is a zero vector and the value of damage index is zero, when the wind-break wall is not damaged. The damage feature vector is a nonzero vector and the value of damage index is positive, when the wind-break wall is damaged. Thus, the damage state of the wind-break wall can be detected via the damage feature vector and damage index. With increase of damage accumulated within the wall, the damage intensity and the value of the damage index increase. The quantitative relationship between the damage index and damage intensity is established. The damage intensity can be calculated reversely, when the damage index is available. Thus, the damage intensity of the wind-break wall can be identified via the quantitative relationship between the damage index and damage intensity. In addition, the damage index value of the measuring point, which is much closer to the partial damage, is much larger. The damage index value of the point, which is located at the partial damage, is the largest. Thus, the damage location of the wind-break wall can be diagnosed via the characteristics of damage index for different measurement points. Thus, the damage state, damage location, and damage intensity of the wind-break wall can be identified via this damage identification method.
[Retracted] Neuroglobin Is Involved in the Hypoxic Stress Response in the Brain
Authors: Shang Lin , Mao Dan , Li Zhi , Gao Xiaoqun , Deng Jinbo
Published: July 2022

Neuroglobin is an oxygen‐binding heme protein expressed predominantly in the brain. Despite many years of research, the exact distribution and expression of neuroglobin in the neocortical development and under mild hypoxia stress still remain unclear. Therefore, we aim to explore the expression of neuroglobin during neocortex expansion and under mild hypoxia stress in vivo. We used Kunming mice to examine the expression of Ngb protein during neocortex expansion. In addition, we analyzed the density of Ngb‐positive neural stem cells using the Image‐Pro PLUS (v.6) computer software program (Media Cybernetics, Inc.). Our data indicated that the density of the neuroglobin‐positive neurons in mice cerebral cortex displayed a downward trend after birth compared with high expression of neuroglobin in a prenatal period. Similarly, we identified that neurons were capable of ascending neuroglobin levels in response to mild hypoxic stress compared with the no intervention group. These findings suggest that neuroglobin behaves as a compensatory protein regulating oxygen provision in the process of neocortical development or under physiological hypoxia, further contributing to the discovery of novel therapeutic methods for neurological disorders, which is clinically important.
Spontaneous Haemothorax in a Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Mohan Shalini A. , Fadzaily Zharif Sufyaan , Abdullah.Hashim S. H.
Published: July 2022

The global pandemic of COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. We continue to discover the wide spectrum of complications associated with COVID-19. Some well-known complications include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), chronic fatigue, multiorgan dysfunction, and long COVID-19 syndrome. We report a rare case of a 51-year-old man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed haemorrhagic shock secondary to spontaneous haemothorax after 17 days of hospitalisation. Clinicians should be aware of such occurrence, and hence, high clinical suspicion, prompt recognition of signs and symptoms of shock, and adequate resuscitation will improve the outcomes of patients.
LINC01419 Promotes the Proliferation of Hepatoma Cells by Recruiting XRCC5 and Regulating Its Phosphorylation to Repair DNA Damage
Authors: Liu Pan , Zhang Xu , Fu Qiang , Liu ChuanJiang , Luo QianKun , Yu PengFei , Chen Song , Zhang HongWei , Qin Tao
Published: July 2022

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies in human beings. Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key parts in the occurrence and development of HCC. Although many lncRNAs have been studied in the HCC specifically for DNA damage repair, the role of LINC01419 in cellular DNA damage repair has not yet been studied. Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the biological role of LINC01419 and its potential mechanism in HCC. Methods. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of LINC01419 in HCC tissues and cells, the proteins which were involved were detected by Western blot. Effect of LINC01419 knockdown on cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell proliferation, wound healing, colony formation, and migration of HCC cells was studied in vitro. Results. The analysis showed that LINC01419 was overexpressed in HCC tissues and cells. Silencing of LINC01419 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of the HCC cells and resulted in cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, the knockdown of LINC01419 increased the DNA damage, and to some extent, promoted sensitivity of HCC cells to doxorubicin. In addition, we performed RIP analysis which showed XRCC5 as a potential protein related to DNA damage repair in hepatoma cells. Conclusion. In conclusion, the LINC01419 acts as an oncogene in HCC and regulates DNA damage repair through XRCC5 in HCC cells.
[Retracted] Static Model of Athlete’s Upper Limb Posture Rehabilitation Training Indexes
Authors: He Ruihua , Sun Xinyu , Yu Xuedou , Xia Hongtao , Chen Shuaijie
Published: July 2022

With the gradual expansion of the development of sports, the level of sports has been rapidly improved. Athletes have to carry out high‐intensity and systemic technical movements in training and competition. Some sports have the greatest burden on the shoulder joint. From the observation and investigation of the injured parts of athletes, it is found that the shoulder joint is the most common sports injury, which is the most typical sports injury. Based on the problem of insufficient strength and endurance reserve after rehabilitation of shoulder external rotator injury, it will cause muscle tension and poor extensibility. To prove the improvement effect of functional training and posture index calibration on the poor posture of the shoulder, considering the measurement of global passive torque, this paper uses a limited set of joint angles and corresponding passive torque data in the upper arm lifting trajectory to train the neural network and uses the trained network to predict the passive torque in other upper arm trajectories. The kinematics model of the shoulder joint is established, and the human‐computer interaction experiment is designed on the platform of the gesture index manipulator. The passive and active torque components of the shoulder joint in the human‐computer interaction process are calculated by measuring the man‐machine interaction force of the subjects in the motion state, which is used as the basis for evaluating the active motion intention of the subjects. Surface electromyography (SEMG) was used to calibrate and verify the attitude index of shoulder active torque. The method proposed in this paper is helpful to achieve more efficient on‐demand assisted rehabilitation training exercises, which is of great significance to improve the level of rehabilitation training.
Detection of Bacillus Species with Arsenic Resistance and Plant Growth Promoting Efficacy from Agricultural Soils of Nepal
Authors: Magar Lil Budha , Rayamajhee Binod , Khadka Sujan , Karki Gaurab , Thapa Alina , Yasir Muhammad , Thapa Sandeep , Panta Om Prakash , Sharma Suprina , Poudel Pramod
Published: July 2022

Arsenic contamination in soil and water is one of the major environmental problems in multiple countries including Nepal imposing a serious threat to the ecosystem and public health. Many soil bacteria can detoxify arsenic, including genus Bacillus. With an objective to gauge the plant growth-promoting activities of arsenic-resistant Bacillus species, 36 samples (soil, rice, cauliflower, and beans) were collected from the Terai region of Nepal. For selective isolation of Bacillus species, each sample was heated at 80°C for 15 min before the inoculation into nutrient agar (NA). Following the standard protocol, arsenic-resistant Bacillus species were screened using NA supplemented with 100 ppm sodium arsenate and sodium arsenite. Among 158 randomly selected isolates, only five isolates were able to tolerate sodium arsenite concentration up to 600 ppm. Notably, all five isolates were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), a plant hormone, and solubilize phosphate. Based on biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, isolates N4-1, RW, KR7-12, Bhw1-4, and BW2-2 were identified as B. subtilis subsp. stercosis, B. flexus, B. licheniformis, B. cereus, and B. flexus, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the presence of arsenic-resistant B. flexus in Nepalese soil with plant growth-promoting traits. Possible utilization of these Bacillus strains could facilitate the novel bioremediation pathway to reduce the toxic effect of arsenic from the soil and water in the Terai region of Nepal.
Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with a Static Magnetic Field Applied in Different Moments Enhances Performance and Accelerates Muscle Recovery in CrossFit® Athletes: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Pinto Henrique Dantas , Casalechi Heliodora Leão , de Marchi Thiago , dos Santos Monteiro Machado Caroline , Dias Luana Barbosa , Lino Matheus Marinho Aguiar , de Azevedo Jonatas Bezerra , Tomazoni Shaiane Silva , Leal-Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto
Published: July 2022

The ergogenic effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined with a static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) on exercises with characteristics similar to those of CrossFit® are unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of PBMT-sMF applied at different times on recovery and physical performance in CrossFit® athletes by analyzing functional aspects, muscle damage, inflammatory processes, and oxidative stress. This was a prospectively registered, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. CrossFit® athletes were recruited and assigned to receive one of the four possible interventions. Each intervention included protocols before and after the exercise (referred to as the workout of the day (WOD)). The four possibilities of intervention were as follows: placebo before and after WOD (placebo), PBMT-sMF before and placebo after WOD (PBMT-sMF before), placebo before and PBMT-sMF after WOD (PBMT-sMF after), and PBMT-sMF before and after WOD (PBMT-sMF before and after). The order of possibilities for the interventions was randomized. The primary outcome was the functional test performance. The secondary outcomes were the subjective perception of exertion, muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The outcomes were measured before the WOD; immediately after the intervention; and 1, 24, and 48 hours after the WOD. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test to examine the differences between the interventions at each time point. Twelve participants were randomized and analyzed for each sequence. PBMT-sMF enhanced the performance on functional tests (calculated as a percentage of change) when applied before or after WOD in the assessment performed immediately post-WOD and at 24 and 48 hours later (

p
<
0.05

) compared to placebo and PBMT-sMF before and after WOD. In terms of the secondary outcomes, PBMT-sMF applied before or after WOD significantly decreased the creatine kinase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities and interleukin-6, thiobarbituric acid, and carbonylated protein levels (all

p
<
0.05

) compared to the other possibilities of intervention. In addition, PBMT-sMF applied before and after WOD decreased creatine kinase activity at 24 hours and IL-6 levels at 24 and 48 hours compared to placebo (

p
<
0.05

). None of the participants reported any adverse events. PBMT-sMF enhanced the performance of functional tests, decreased the levels of biochemical markers of muscle damage and inflammation, decreased oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant activity in CrossFit® athletes when applied before or after WOD.
IL27 Signaling Serves as an Immunologic Checkpoint for Innate Cytotoxic Cells to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Aghayev Turan , Mazitova Aleksandra M. , Fang Jennifer R. , Peshkova Iuliia O. , Rausch Matthew , Hung Manhsin , White Kerry F. , Masia Ricard , Titerina Elizaveta K. , Fatkhullina Aliia R. , Cousineau Isabelle , Turcotte Simon , Zhigarev Dmitry , Marchenko Anastasiia , Khoziainova Svetlana , Makhov Petr , Tan Yin Fei , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Wiest David L. , Stagg John , Wang Xin Wei , Campbell Kerry S. , Dzutsev Amiran K. , Trinchieri Giorgio , Hill Jonathan A. , Grivennikov Sergei I. , Koltsova Ekaterina K.
Published: July 2022

Although inflammatory mechanisms driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been proposed, the regulators of anticancer immunity in HCC remain poorly understood. We found that IL27 receptor (IL27R) signaling promotes HCC development in vivo. High IL27EBI3 cytokine or IL27RA expression correlated with poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Loss of IL27R suppressed HCC in vivo in two different models of hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, IL27R sig­naling within the tumor microenvironment restrains the cytotoxicity of innate cytotoxic lymphocytes. IL27R ablation enhanced their accumulation and activation, whereas depletion or functional impairment of innate cytotoxic cells abrogated the effect of IL27R disruption. Pharmacologic neutralization of IL27 signaling increased infiltration of innate cytotoxic lymphocytes with upregulated cytotoxic molecules and reduced HCC development. Our data reveal an unexpected role of IL27R signaling as an immunologic checkpoint regulating innate cytotoxic lymphocytes and promoting HCC of different etiologies, thus indicating a therapeutic potential for IL27 pathway blockade in HCC.

Significance:

HCC, the most common form of liver cancer, is characterized by a poor survival rate and limited treatment options. The discovery of a novel IL27-dependent mechanism controlling anticancer cytotoxic immune response will pave the road for new treatment options for this devastating disease.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1825
Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals Trajectory of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte States in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Schalck Aislyn , Sakellariou-Thompson Donastas , Forget Marie-Andrée , Sei Emi , Hughes Tara G. , Reuben Alexandre , Bai Shanshan , Hu Min , Kumar Tapsi , Hurd Mark W. , Katz Matthew H.G. , Tzeng Ching-Wei D. , Pant Shubham , Javle Milind , Fogelman David R. , Maitra Anirban , Haymaker Cara L. , Kim Michael P. , Navin Nicholas E. , Bernatchez Chantale
Published: July 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has few effective treatments. Immunotherapy, an attractive alternative strategy, remains challenging with the lack of knowledge on the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) landscape in PDAC. To generate a reference of T-cell subpopulations, we profiled 80,000 T cells from 57 PDAC samples, 22 uninvolved/normal samples, and cultured TIL using single-cell transcriptomic and T-cell receptor analysis. These data revealed 20 cell states and heterogeneous distributions of TIL populations. The CD8+ TIL contained a putative transitional GZMK+ population based on T-cell receptor clonotype sharing, and cell-state trajectory analysis showed similarity to a GZMB+PRF1+ cytotoxic and a CXCL13+ dysfunctional population. Statistical analysis suggested that certain TIL states, such as dysfunctional and inhibitory populations, often occurred together. Finally, analysis of cultured TIL revealed that high-frequency clones from effector populations were preferentially expanded. These data provide a framework for understanding the PDAC TIL landscape for future TIL use in immunotherapy for PDAC.

Significance:

To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in PDAC, there is a great need to understand the PDAC TIL landscape. This study represents a reference of PDAC TIL subpopulations and their relationships and provides a foundation upon which to base future immunotherapeutic efforts.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221
Letramento Paleográfico: a escrita para além do código
Authors: Loiola Wagner Rodrigues , Ximenes Expedito Eloísio
Published: July 2022

Discutir sobre uma ciência considerada da “escrita antiga” à luz do letramento, quearece ser algo bem recente, pode até demonstrar uma certa incoerência. No entanto, a Paleografia não estancou na concepção dada a ela por muitos, e essa ciência se adequa muito bem às discussões sobre letramento e sobre práticas pedagógicas de ensino de aquisição da escrita. Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir sobre o Letramento Paleográfico e a atualidade da Paleografia como história da cultura escrita em qualquer época e em suportes vários. Fizemos uma digressão pela história da linguagem e do surgimento da escrita com base em autores que tratam da temática, como ischer (1999 e 2006), Martins (2002), Janson (2015) e autores que tratam da aquisição da escrita na atualidade, como Soares (2002) e Street (2012). Apresentamos algumas formas de escrita antiga, textos produzidos no século XVIII, textos escolares atuais e textos em ambientes virtuais para percebemos o processo de escrita na linha do tempo. Percebemos que a Paleografia, longee ser uma ciência de leitura de textos antigos, é uma ciência que se renova a cada movimento da sociedade, dando conta das realidades e das ações do ser humano em se falando de práticas de escrita e em suportes dos textos. Assim, a Paleografia, comoistória da cultura escrita, éma ciência interdisciplinar e atualizada no tempo presente.
Léxico, cultura e história nos compromissos dos homens pretos no livro da Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário do Arrayal do Bomfim de Goyaz (1751)
Authors: Felício Carolina Faleiros , Paula Maria Helena de
Published: July 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a estrutura e a organização de um livro de Compromisso de Irmandade de Homens Pretos do século XVIII em Goiás. Para tanto, o corpus é composto pela edição semidiplomática do livro Compromisso da Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos do Arraȳal do Bomfim de Goȳaz, disponível em Silva (2013). O foco residiu em inventariar as lexias referentes aos compromissos dos homens e das mulheres da irmandade citada e depois foram organizadas em macrocampos e microcampos léxicos. Após essa organização, foi feita a consulta das lexias em dicionários coetâneos e atuais para identificar expansão, retração ou manutenção nos sentidos. Teve-se como referenciais para a análise das lexias autores como Scarano (1978), Soares (2000) e Borges (2005), permitindo estabelecer relações entre léxico, história e cultura referentes aos escravizados e aos libertos da irmandade. As lexias evidenciam relações de sociabilidade da igreja para com os negros, possibilitando que estes formassem laços, ressignificassem sua fé e sua cultura por meio das práticas católicas, ao mesmo tempo em que seguiam com o processo de doutrinação cristã que tanto serviu ao sistema escravista.
The transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Guarujá, on the Coast of São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Casanova Claudio , Motoie Gabriela , Domingos Maria de Fátima , Silva Vanessa Gusmon da , Silva Mariana Dantas da , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi , Galvis-Ovallos Fredy
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE: To perform an entomological survey, evaluating the circulation of Leishmania spp. in sand flies captured from the new foci of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the coastal region of São Paulo state. METHODS: Sand flies were captured from November 2016 to September 2018 using light traps of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in the neighborhood where VL cases were reported. Leishmania spp. circulation was evaluated by gut dissection and molecular analysis of the females captured. RESULTS: Nyssomyia intermedia was the more frequent species (90,7%) within the 1,203 sand flies captured. We found no flagellates in dissected females, but two pools containing females of Ny. Intermedia presented DNA of L. infantum. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Ny. intermedia might be involved in the establishment of this new VL focus in Sao Paulo. However, before incriminating this species as a L. infantum vector, further studies should investigate other vectorial capacity parameters, including competence, survival, and feeding habits.
1. Introduction
Authors: Stadler Frank
Published: July 2022

The introductory chapter outlines the global wound burden, explains the basics of maggot therapy, and scopes the content covered by the subsequent 18 chapters. Maggot therapy is the treatment of chronic and infected wounds with living fly larvae commonly known as maggots. When applied to the wound, maggots remove dead tissue, control infection, and promote wound healing. This highly efficacious therapy is not widely available around the world due to actual and perceived social, organisational, economic, logistic, and clinical barriers—all of which can be overcome. This is the first comprehensive book on maggot therapy summarising, beyond clinical practice, the principles of therapeutic action, medicinal maggot production and distribution, and ethical considerations regarding the use of living maggots in wound care. The chapter concludes with reflections on the past, present, and future of maggot therapy.
2. Living with a Chronic Wound
Authors: Ogrin Rajna , Elder Kylie J.
Published: July 2022

Any clinical intervention must be person-centered and maggot therapy is no different. Therefore, it is important to fully understand and appreciate what it means for a person to live with a non-healing wound, often for many years. Using the hypothetical but representative case of Beverly, the authors explore the impact of chronic wounds on the wellbeing of the person. Since wellbeing is a multidimensional concept, the chapter examines psychological, social, as well as spiritual and cultural wellbeing as shaped by the lived experience of a chronic wound. There are feedback loops and interactions between the symptoms and the persons’ physical, psychological, social, and spiritual wellbeing.
5. Medicinal Maggot Application and Maggot Therapy Dressing Technology
Authors: Sherman Ronald A.
Published: July 2022

Maggot therapy dressings are intended to keep maggots on the wound during treatment. Some therapists make their own dressings, others use commercially produced dressings, and many use both, depending on their patients’ wounds. There are two basic designs for maggot dressings. Maggot confinement dressings confine the maggots to the wound bed and allow them complete access to the wound, while maggot containment dressings totally contain the maggots within a net bag that facilitates easy handling but does not allow full access to the wound. This chapter describes the basic principles and goals of the ideal maggot dressing, and provides examples of how that ideal dressing can be achieved.
8. Maggot Debridement
Authors: Nigam Yamni , Wilson Michael R.
Published: July 2022

For non-healing wounds to progress past the inflammatory stage, it is vital that necrotic tissue is quickly and effectively removed, a treatment that is known as debridement. Maggot therapy is the treatment of wounds with living fly larvae (maggots) to remove necrotic tissue. In recent years, much progress has been made in understanding the therapeutic principles of maggot-assisted debridement. This chapter describes the physiological and biochemical principles underpinning the extraordinary ability of medicinal maggots to precisely debride highly necrotic wounds in a matter of days without the need for surgical intervention.
Machine Learning–Derived Severe Weather Probabilities from a Warn-on-Forecast System
Authors: Clark Adam J. , Loken Eric D.
Published: July 2022

Severe weather probabilities are derived from the Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) run by NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) during spring 2018 using the random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. Recent work has shown this method generates skillful and reliable forecasts when applied to convection-allowing model ensembles for the “Day 1” time range (i.e., 12–36-h lead times), but it has been tested in only one other study for lead times relevant to WoFS (e.g., 0–6 h). Thus, in this paper, various sets of WoFS predictors, which include both environment and storm-based fields, are input into a RF algorithm and trained using the occurrence of severe weather reports within 39 km of a point to produce severe weather probabilities at 0–3-h lead times. We analyze the skill and reliability of these forecasts, sensitivity to different sets of predictors, and avenues for further improvements. The RF algorithm produced very skillful and reliable severe weather probabilities and significantly outperformed baseline probabilities calculated by finding the best performing updraft helicity (UH) threshold and smoothing parameter. Experiments where different sets of predictors were used to derive RF probabilities revealed 1) storm attribute fields contributed significantly more skill than environmental fields, 2) 2–5 km AGL UH and maximum updraft speed were the best performing storm attribute fields, 3) the most skillful ensemble summary metric was a smoothed mean, and 4) the most skillful forecasts were obtained when smoothed UH from individual ensemble members were used as predictors.
Femininity Anchors: Heterosexual Relationships and Pregnancy as Sites of Harassment for U.S. Servicewomen
Authors: Bonnes Stephanie
Published: July 2022

This article draws on in-depth interviews with 50 U.S. servicewomen to advance sociological understandings of gender, femininity, and harassment. Recognizing that women are targeted with harassment throughout their military careers, I analyze specific episodes of harassment to examine organizational and interactional meanings and the power dynamics embedded in these instances. This article explains why servicemen escalate harassment toward women who are pregnant or who enter heterosexual relationships. In a militarized context that already denigrates femininity, I argue that men impose gendered and sexualized meanings on women’s life-course events to limit women’s organizational inclusion. These events, such as pregnancy and engagement or marriage to a heterosexual partner, serve as “femininity anchors” that tether women to femininity within a hyper-masculine environment. Femininity anchors present serious interactional and individual consequences for women as they attempt to navigate the gendered terrain of the U.S. military. Aside from eliciting moments of elevated sexual and nonsexual harassment, femininity anchors restrict women’s acceptance as real servicemembers and negatively affect their military careers. In highlighting the negative treatment women receive due to femininity anchors, I demonstrate how the specific ways gender is embedded in an organization shapes patterns of harassment and exclusion.
An ethnographic study of organizational performances in business services: Space, staging and materiality
Authors: Cluley Robert
Published: July 2022

It is said that all the world is a stage. But how do organizations physically stage performances such as sales pitches and research presentations? Drawing on a 14-month-long ethnographic study at a Fortune 500 strategic research company, this article explains how. Emphasizing the active role of human and non-human actors, it uncovers three staging practices that organizations use to transform spaces into stages. Organizations theme stages by populating them with certain objects. They produce a style of performance by arranging relationships between performers and audiences. Finally, they order movements from one stage to others so that plots emerge. Theorizing these staging practices through a materialist dramaturgy, the article challenges existing organizational theory that tends to focus on the ways organizations control and script performances. The article shows that organizational performances in service and knowledge organizations can be improvisational. They are not preordained but they are organized.
Adaptations to Check-In/Check-Out for Students With Disabilities During Vocational Training
Authors: Hester Olivia R. , Jolivette Kristine , Swoszowski Nicole C.
Published: July 2022

Check-in/check-out (CICO) is a widely used strategy for students with and without disabilities that is used in schools, sometimes as a tiered strategy within a multi-tiered system of support. Several adaptations to CICO have emerged across applications including extension to other educational settings (e.g., residential treatment facilities) and applied settings outside of school. We provide an overview of CICO, the adaptations made to date, and offer an example of how to integrate CICO into vocational training settings for students with intellectual disabilities to assist with establishing natural, on-the-job supports between a student and a supervisor while improving job skills.
Making Ends Meet: Employment, Cash Transfers, and Poverty in Post–9/11 Era Wounded Military Veterans
Authors: Barr Nicholas , Albert Vicky , Peterson Amanda , Berghammer Lara , Kintzle Sara
Published: July 2022

Over 36% of post–9/11 era veterans have a disability, but little research has examined wounded veterans’ finances. We investigated main and interaction effects of income sources and demographic, military, and mental health characteristics on household poverty and deep poverty to better understand wounded veterans’ financial outcomes. Data were drawn from the 2018 Wounded Warrior Survey ( n = 33,067). Two logistic regression models investigated direct associations between independent variables and poverty outcomes; predictive margins and average marginal effects were calculated for employment and cash transfers on outcomes. 56% of respondents reported full- or part-time employment, and 17% met criteria for household poverty. Of those, 75% met criteria for deep poverty. Cash transfers were negatively associated with poverty and deep poverty, and part-time employment was positively associated with poverty compared with not working. Employment was insufficient protection against poverty in this sample of wounded veterans—transfers were a critical bulwark.