bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphic Reminders: Confronting Colonialism in Canada through Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story
Authors: Lovering Raven
Published: December 2021

David Alexander Robertson’s 2015 graphic novel Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story connects non-Indigenous Canadians to the racial realities of Canada’s intentionally forgotten past. Robertson translates Helen Betty Osborne’s biography into the accessible format of the graphic novel which allows for a wide range of readers to connect present day racial injustices to the past, generating new understandings surrounding violence against Indigenous peoples in Canada. Helen Betty Osborne, a young female Cree student was abducted and murdered in 1971, targeted for her race and gender. The horrors Betty experienced reveal the connection between her story and the contemporary narrative of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Canada. Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story deconstructs Betty’s life from the violence she is subjected to, personifying a historical figure. The graphic novel allows for a visual collision of past and present to express the cycle of colonial violence in Canada ignored by non-Indigenous Canadians despite its continued socio-economic and political impact on Indigenous peoples. As an Indigenous author, Robertson preserves the integrity of Indigenous voice and revives an integral gendered and racialized historical perspective that is necessary to teach. This close reading of Betty: The Helen Betty Osborne Story explores how Robertson uses the graphic novel to revive history and in doing so, demonstrates connections between past and present patterns of racial injustice against Indigenous women in Canada today.
Potential of increasing intensity of tropical cyclones due to sea surface temperature and impact on coral reefs in the context of climate change
Authors: Hung N.D. , Thuy L.T.H. , Hang T.V. , Luan T.N.
Published: December 2021

The coral reef ecosystem in Cu Lao Cham, Vietnam is part of the central zone of the Cu Lao Cham -Hoi An, a biosphere reserve and it is strictly protected. However, the impacts of natural disasters - tropical cyclones (TCs) go beyond human protection. The characteristic feature of TCs is strong winds and the consequences of strong winds are high waves. High waves caused by strong TCs (i.e. level 13 or more) cause decline in coral cover in the seas around Cu Lao Cham. Based on the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and the maximum potential intensity (MPI) of TCs, this research determines the number of strong TCs in Cu Lao Cham in the future. Using results from a regional climate change model, the risk is that the number of strong TCs in the period 2021-2060 under the RCP4.5 scenario, will be 3.7 times greater than in the period 1980-2019 and under the RCP 8.5 scenario it will be 5.2 times greater than in the period 1980-2019. We conclude that increases in SST in the context of climate change risks will increase the number and intensity of TCs and so the risk of their mechanical impact on coral reefs will be higher leading to degradation of this internationally important site.
Towards Efficient Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise
Authors: El-Shahat Sh
Published: December 2021

Vulnerability is a compact term that represents an accumulative range of exposure, sensitivity and resilience of a system against both internal and external hazards. In light of this conceptual diagnosis, vulnerability assessment studies can measure the degree of a gap in which the system is vulnerable against various hazards by customizing a quantitative model while qualitative model studies indicate gap points. The results of quantitative models vary according to the adopted formula and the customized parameters. The study aims to improve the efficiency of the "coastal vulnerability index (CVI)" method which is used to assign degrees of coastal vulnerability to sea level rise (SLR). The study is using a comparative analytical approach to empirically assess the vulnerability of the African coast to SLR based on a selected group of physical and socioeconomic parameters (seventeen parameters). Although the first model, based on a formula of the square root of product mean and the second model, based on a formula of average of the square root of product sum, have a positive correlation with semistrong relation (+ 0.65), their results are varied. It is found that the first model is used when there is a dominant parameter in the study while the second model is used when there is an equality between parameter weights. Topography associated with proximity to the coast is a dominant factor when assessing the vulnerability of an area to SLR threat.
HEADDRESSES AS SYMBOLS OF HIGH SOCIAL STATUS (BASED ON NEAR EASTERN MATERIALS OF THE EARLY METALS PERIOD)
Authors: Авилова Л. И.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена археологическим находкам металлических деталей головных уборов. Диадемы в виде длинных узких лент появляются на Ближнем Востоке во второй половине IV тыс. до н. э. В III тыс. до н. э. вырабатываются другие типы головных украшений, среди которых простые овальные и ромбовидные налобные бляхи и сложные конструкции с дополнительными деталями. Соответствующие находки рассматриваются как маркеры высокого социального статуса, связанные с процессом формирования элитарных групп в догосударственных и раннегосударственных обществах Месопотамии и Анатолии.

The article is focused on the archaeological finds of headdress details made of metals. The diadems in the shape of long narrow bands appeared in the Near East in the second half of the 4th millennium BC. In the 3rd millennium BC other types of head ornaments were introduced, among them oval and rhomboidal frontlets and elaborate constructions with additional details. The corresponding finds are considered as markers of high social position related with the process of formation of elite groups in pre-state and early state societies in Mesopotamia and Anatolia.
LAYOUTS OF SETTLEMENTS IN NORTHWESTERN CRIMEA IN THE SECOND HALF OF I C. BC - FIRST QUARTER OF I C. AD
Authors: Антонов Е. Е.
Published: December 2021

Статья представляет собой часть серии, посвященной планировкам позднескифских поселений Северо-Западного Крыма. Ее цель - выделение главных характеристик позднескифской застройки в регионе, проверка рабочей гипотезы о преемственности планировок на протяжении всего «позднескифского» периода, сравнение облика поселений Северо-Западного Крыма с синхронными памятниками соседних регионов. Тема настоящей статьи - планировки второй половины I в. до н. э. - первой четверти I в. н. э. Это время можно признать периодом расцвета поселений. Они достигают максимальных размеров, вокруг укреплений формируются «посады». Планировки поселений выглядят упорядоченными. Единицами застройки выступают многокомнатные дома, которые блокируются в кварталы. Характерная черта - использование греческих сооружений. В начале периода поселения укреплены различными оборонительными сооружениями, к концу они полностью или частично теряют свое значение.

The paper is one in a series exploring the layout of late Scythian settlements in northwestern Crimea. It is aimed to identify key characteristics of late Scythian buildings in the region, test the working hypothesis on continuity of layouts throughout the entire ‘late Scythian’ period, and compare the look of settlements in northwestern Crimea with that of contemporaneous sites in the neighboring regions. This paper focuses on settlement layout in the second half of the 1 century BC - first quarter of the 1 century AD. Settlements of that period reached peak in their development. Settlements reached maximum size, with trading quarters (suburbs) appearing around fortified settlements. The layout of a settlement appears to follow a regular pattern. Housing units are buildings with many rooms constructed in residential quarters. Settlement development is characterized by use of Greek constructions. Early in the period settlements were fortified with various defensive structures which lost their importance partly or completely.
Pedagogical conditions for using an interactive notebook as a means of developing the cognitive interest of younger schoolchildren in learning the Russian language
Authors: Сальков Алексей Владимирович , Журавель Ирина Борисовна
Published: December 2021

В статье представлен анализ результатов использования и применения интерактивной тетради как средства развития познавательного интереса младших школьников к изучению русского языка. Установлено, что успешное развитие познавательного интереса к изучению русского языка у детей младшего школьного возраста может быть обеспечено за счет реализации ряда педагогических условий. При использовании интерактивной тетради на уроках русского языка создавались ситуации успеха для каждого ребенка с учетом его особенностей познавательной сферы и учебных возможностей, применялся дифференцированный подход к содержанию учебных заданий, к применяемым педагогическим методам, дидактическим играм и характеру помощи учителя. В рамках данной статьи представлен анализ результатов исследования, где показано, что использование новых педагогических приемов и создание ситуаций успеха на занятиях позволили изменить эмоциональное и ценностное отношение к русскому языку. Диагностика мотивационно-ценностного, действенно-практического и эмоционально-волевого компонентов выявила наличие интереса детей к самостоятельному изучению дополнительных источников по русскому языку, обучающиеся стали выбирать задания частично-поискового или поискового характера. В ходе реализации совокупности педагогических условий были выявлены факторы, негативно влияющие на развитие познавательного интереса обучающихся к русскому языку.

The article presents an analysis of the results of the use and application of an interactive notebook as a
means of developing the cognitive interest of younger schoolchildren in learning the Russian language. It is
established that the successful development of cognitive interest in learning the Russian language in children of
primary school age can be ensured through the implementation of a number of pedagogical conditions. When
using an interactive notebook in Russian language lessons, success situations were created for each child,
taking into account his cognitive sphere and educational opportunities, a differentiated approach was applied to
the content of educational tasks, to the pedagogical methods used, didactic games and the nature of the
teacher's help. This article presents an analysis of the results of the study, which shows that the use of new
pedagogical techniques and the creation of success situations in the classroom allowed us to change the
emotional and value attitude to the Russian language. Diagnostics of motivational-value, effective-practical and
emotional-volitional components revealed the presence of children's interest in independent study of additional sources in the Russian language, students began to choose tasks of a partially search or search nature. During
the implementation of the set of pedagogical conditions, factors that negatively affect the development of
students' cognitive interest in the Russian language were identified.
Electronic distance learning system in rural schools: experience and prospects of implementation
Authors: Круглов Александр Игоревич , Круглова Людмила Васильевна
Published: December 2021

В статье анализируются проблемы внедрения электронного и дистанционного обучения в сельских школах России. На примере Томской области анализируется уровень и качество электронного и дистанционного обучения, выделяются основные модели их применения; предлагается проект организации единой образовательной площадки с распределенными муниципальными центрами. В тоже время у учителей недостаточно сформированы навыки организации электронного обучения, оценки качества образования средствами специальных программ, создания и использования представлений о математических объектах и процессах, конструирования объемных моделей на компьютере (с помощью 3D принтера), визуализации данных, отношений, процессов, обработки данных статистики и др. Длительные локдауны, введенные в результаты пандемии, заставили всех педагогов пересмотреть свое отношение к процессам информатизации системы образования. Остро встал вопрос не только о компетентности педагога, оказавшегося не готовым к качественному осуществлению учебного процесса с использованием современных коммуникационных возможностей, но и вопросы управления образовательным процессом, использования средств и технологий электронного обучения.

The article analyzes the problems of the introduction of electronic and distance learning in rural schools
in Russia. Using the example of the Tomsk region, the level and quality of electronic and distance learning are
analyzed, the main models of their application are highlighted; a project for organizing a unified educational
platform with distributed municipal centers is proposed. At the same time, teachers have insufficiently developed
skills in organizing e-learning, evaluating the quality of education by means of special programs, creating and
using representations of mathematical objects and processes, constructing three-dimensional models on a
computer (using a 3D printer), visualizing data, relationships, processes, processing statistics data, etc. The
long lockdowns introduced in the results of the pandemic forced all teachers to reconsider their attitude to the
processes of informatization of the education system. There was an acute question not only about the
competence of a teacher who was not ready for the qualitative implementation of the educational process using
modern communication capabilities, but also issues of educational process management, the use of e-learning
tools and technologies.
The attitude of students of European universities to euthanasia from the point of view of religious ethics
Authors: Зуйкова Алсу Асяатовна , Зуйков Юрий Юрьевич
Published: December 2021

Если человечество вступит на путь легализации медицинских убийств и оправдания из чувства милосердия, велика вероятность перехода к чувству целесообразности, и масштабы такой деятельности тяжело предсказать. В этой связи необходимо вспомнить принцип «наклонной плоскости» который, описал Архиепископ Сан-Францисский Иоанн. Если наложить суть данного принципа «наклонной плоскости» на проблему эвтаназии то мы получим следующее: если сегодня узаконить искусственное лишение жизни безнадежных больных, за час до их предполагаемой  смерти, то завтра такое человеколюбие пришло бы к выводу о необходимости искусственно прерывать жизнь больных за 3 дня до их возможной смерти, далее — за один месяц, за полгода, год. Идея классовой политики, расовой чистоты, экономической целесообразности, и подобные идеи, будут требовать себе новые человеческие жертвы. Основные религии мира имеют не однозначные взгляды на эвтаназию, сравнительный анализ начнем с позиции православной церкви. Биологическую смерть Православная церковь рассматривает не как отмирание жизненно важных органов, а как таинство, великое благословение, которое наполнено скрытым духовным смыслом. Эвтаназия в Европе больше не является запретной темой, и доказательством этого является тот факт, что она была легализована в Нидерландах, Бельгии, Люксембурге, Албании. Некоторые формы эвтаназии также используются в Швейцарии, где можно приписать гипнотический препарат, но пациент должен принимать это близко к сердцу.

If humanity takes the path of legalizing medical murders and justifying them out of a sense of mercy,
there is a high probability of a transition to a sense of expediency, and the scale of such activities is difficult to
predict. In this regard, it is necessary to recall the principle of the "inclined plane", which was described by
Archbishop John of San Francisco. If we impose the essence of this principle of the "inclined plane" on the
problem of euthanasia, we will get the following: if today we legalize the artificial deprivation of life of hopeless
patients, an hour before their expected death, then tomorrow such philanthropy would come to the conclusion
that it is necessary to artificially interrupt the life of patients 3 days before their possible death, then one month,
six months, a year. The idea of class politics, racial purity, economic expediency, and similar ideas will demand
new human sacrifices. The main religions of the world have ambiguous views on euthanasia, a comparative
analysis will begin with the position of the Orthodox Church. The Orthodox Church considers biological death
not as the death of vital organs, but as a sacrament, a great blessing that is filled with hidden spiritual meaning.
Euthanasia in Europe is no longer a taboo topic, and the proof of this is the fact that it has been legalized in the
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Albania. Some forms of euthanasia are also used in Switzerland, where a
hypnotic drug can be attributed, but the patient must take it to heart.
Development of public administration tools for academic mobility of youth in the general environment of population migration in the period of globalization of innovative business structures
Authors: Никитина Виктория Константиновна
Published: December 2021

Молодежь как класс студенчества определяется тем, что готово не только к формированию инновационного мышления, но также и к изменению своего места пребывания, которое изменяется соответственно задачам, которые молодежь ставить перед собой в процессе изучения отдельных дисциплин, а также при формировании своей жизненной стратегии. Актуальность исследования определяется тем, что построение выбранной образовательной траектории определяется готовностью к получению образования определенной ступени и смене специализации при необходимости изучения более новых дисциплин и формирования знаний. Новизна исследования определяется тем, что мобильность студентов академического толка определяется не только сопутствующим набором получаемых данных, но также и влиянием на миграционные потоки. Следствием подобных миграционных потоков могут быть смещения социального капитала общества в целом. Авторы показывают, что формирование академической мобильности имеет прямую корреляционную связь и способствует достижению условий личностного развития студентов. Практическая значимость исследования определяется тем, что студенческая мобильность позволяет расширить возможности кросскультурного обмена и определить потенциальные направления глобализации общества. Авторы определяют, что возможность прогнозирования изученного явления даст дополнительный стимул экономической стратификации общества.

Youth as a class of students is determined by the fact that they are ready not only to form innovative
thinking, but also to change their place of residence, which changes accordingly to the tasks that young people
set for themselves in the process of studying individual disciplines, as well as in the formation of their life strategy.
The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the construction of the chosen educational trajectory
is determined by the readiness to receive education at a certain stage and change specialization if necessary to
study newer disciplines and knowledge formation. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the
mobility of academic students is determined not only by the accompanying set of data obtained, but also by the
impact on migration flows. The consequence of such migration flows may be the displacement of the social
capital of society as a whole. The authors show that the formation of academic mobility has a direct correlation
and contributes to the achievement of conditions for the personal development of students. The practical
significance of the study is determined by the fact that student mobility allows to expand the possibilities of cross-cultural exchange and identify potential directions of globalization of society. The authors determine that the
possibility of forecasting the studied phenomenon will give an additional incentive to the economic stratification
of society.
Mobility in the development of global legal education as a metacultural component
Authors: Эльмурзаев Сайдамин Мусаевич , Эльмурзаев Казбек Мусаевич
Published: December 2021

Возможности становления и развития образования в сфере юриспруденции позволяет говорить о том, что юрист как профессионал может быть не только ограничен юрисдикцией, в которой осуществляет свою профессиональную деятельность, но также и выступать как источник имплементации в законодательство новых правовых конструкций. В число таких относят инновации в закреплении права собственности, в области семейных и трудовых отношений, а также реализуемых положений по внешней политики в рамках самого государства. Новизна исследования определяется тем, что юридическое образование под собой понимает не только возможность осуществления юристами свой профессиональной деятельности, но также и формирование новой правовой среды, в которой протекает развитие уже национального законодательства. Авторы показывают, что возникновение юридического образования исторически обусловлено интеллектуальной мобильностью, а следовательно, может реализовываться как источник привнесения культурного компонента в текущую среду социального типа и обеспечить ее устойчивость в будущем. Практическая значимость исследования определяется тем, что возможность обеспечения межкультурного компонента прежде всего формируется на основе применения правовых конструкций в условиях соблюдения законности в обществе в целом.

The possibilities of formation and development of education in the field of jurisprudence suggests that a
lawyer as a professional can not only be limited to the jurisdiction in which he carries out his professional activity,
but also act as a source of implementation of new legal structures into legislation. These include innovations in
the consolidation of property rights, in the field of family and labor relations, as well as implemented provisions
on foreign policy within the state itself. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that legal education
means not only the possibility of lawyers to carry out their professional activities, but also the formation of a new
legal environment in which the development of national legislation is already taking place. The authors show
that the emergence of legal education is historically conditioned by intellectual mobility, and therefore can be
implemented as a source of introducing a cultural component into the current social type environment and ensure
its sustainability in the future. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the possibility
of ensuring an intercultural component is primarily formed on the basis of the application of legal structures in
conditions of compliance with the rule of law in society as a whole.
Homeostatic approach in pedagogy
Authors: Дзятковская Елена Николаевна
Published: December 2021

Статья рассматривает возможность использования общенаучного гомеостатического подхода к решению проблемы оптимизации управления в социальных системах, к которым принадлежит и образование. Гомеостатика, как кибернетическая наука, отвечает на вопросы: чем можно и нужно управлять, имея дело с самоорганизующимися системами; как выбирать оптимальное направление развития из возможного разнообразия; когда можно «отпустить» саморазвивающиеся процессы на «самотек». То есть, гомеостатика является не только теоретической, но и прикладной наукой. Автор считает, что перспективным является применение гомеостатического подхода при проектировании образовательной среды. Такая образовательная среда может приобрести свойства вариативности и адаптивности, стать развивающей и развивающейся, доступной и здоровьесберегающей – решающей основное противоречие образовательного процесса: между характером управления учебой ребенка со стороны системы обучения и характером ее непроизвольной саморегуляции со стороны организма. Это ключевое противоречие, превращаясь в противоположность, выступает основным механизмом дидактогенного ухудшения здоровья школьников. Сформулированы принципы проектирования образовательной среды на основе гомеостатики.

The article considers the possibility of using a general scientific homeostatic approach to solving the
problem of optimizing management in social systems, to which education belongs. Homeostatics, as a
cybernetic science, answers the questions: what can and should be managed when dealing with self-organizing
systems; how to choose the optimal direction of development from a possible variety; when it is possible to "let
go" of self-developing processes to "take their course". That is, homeostatics is not only a theoretical, but also
an applied science. The author believes that the application of the homeostatic approach in the design of the
educational environment is promising. Such an educational environment can acquire the properties of variability
and adaptability, become developing and developing, accessible and health-saving - solving the main
contradiction of the educational process: between the nature of the child's learning management by the learning
system and the nature of its involuntary self-regulation by the body. This key contradiction, turning into the
opposite, acts as the main mechanism of didactogenic deterioration of the health of schoolchildren. The
principles of designing an educational environment based on homeostatics are formulated.
Comparative analysis of the concepts of "dysontogenesis, developmental disorder, developmental disorder"
Authors: Шельшакова Наталья Николаевна
Published: December 2021

В статье проводится анализ понятий «дизонтогенез», «нарушение развития», «расстройство развития», описываются факторы нарушений. Проведен анализ научных источников, описывающих данные виды отклонений в развитии. Сделан акцент на необходимости понимания индивидуальных норм развития ребенка. Описываются результаты деятельности междисциплинарной работы специалистов. В научной литературе нет четкого разграничения в определении понятий дигонтогенез, расстройство развития, нарушение развития, эти понятия дополняют друг друга и тесным образом переплетаются при описании различных нарушений, однако эти термины имеют существенные отличия и не являются синонимами. Часто среди ученых мы слышим расхожую фразу «в настоящее время растет число детей с различными отклонениями в развитии». Однако, при этом сложно дать определение понятию «отклонение развития», так как термин «развитие предполагает установление качественных и количественных изменений психики в необозначенный промежуток времени».

The article analyzes the concepts of "dysontogenesis", "developmental disorder", "developmental
disorder", describes the factors of disorders. The analysis of scientific sources describing these types of
deviations in development is carried out. The emphasis is placed on the need to understand the individual norms
of child development. The results of the interdisciplinary work of specialists are described. In the scientific
literature, there is no clear distinction in the definition of the concepts of digontogenesis, developmental disorder,
developmental disorder, these concepts complement each other and are closely intertwined when describing
various disorders, but these terms have significant differences and are not synonyms. We often hear the popular
phrase among scientists: "currently, the number of children with various developmental disabilities is growing."
However, it is difficult to define the concept of "developmental deviation", since the term "development implies
the establishment of qualitative and quantitative changes in the psyche in an unspecified period of time".
Current determinants of the national accounting system transformation in Iraq
Authors: Ahmed K.S.A. , Musaelyan A. K. , Krasnoplakhtich M. V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the most relevant issues of the external and internal factors’ influence on the accounting current development in Iraq. Historically, Iraq’s accounting system has been shaped by cultural traditions, religion, economic development and political trends over a long period, from ancient times to the present. Its origins date back to the Sumerian kingdom and before the overthrow of the S. Hussein regime. At present, not only national priorities but also global accounting trends have changed. Being formed in parallel with the development of the Republic of Iraq, the current accounting system is not oriented towards the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards. In order to identify the current determinants of the national accounting system development, the actual model features and the conditions for consolidation with international standards have been analysed. The main directions of accounting harmonisation in the Republic of Iraq towards the international standards integration into the national system have been identified. The main steps of the transformation of national standards to international standards have been presented.
A strategic approach to reducing inter-regional economic differentiation: China’s experience
Authors: Vertakova Yu. V. , Liu Ya.
Published: December 2021

This article examines the transition process from a strategy of unbalanced regional development to a strategy of coordinated regional development in China. A number of national strategies and strategic plans for regional development aimed at reducing inter-regional differentiation have been analysed. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive case study of China’s experience in implementing strategic planning to reduce inter-regional economic differentiation. Using the methodology of systems and strategic analysis, the authors analysed the main directions of national strategic regional planning to reduce inter-regional economic differentiation in China. The advantages and disadvantages of approaches to reducing inter-regional economic differentiation have been identified and recommendations for their improvement have been developed. National strategic planning for regional development is an important tool of regional policy to reduce inter-regional economic differentiation. It is necessary to concentrate efforts on ensuring consistency between the central government and local authorities, coordinating different areas of planning and their consistency, and developing a market mechanism.
Public sentiment of the population in the new social reality: a municipal cross-section
Authors: Dementieva I. N.
Published: December 2021

The article analyses the dynamics of public sentiment of residents of the Vologda Region. The author’s methodology for index analysis of public sentiment of the region, using the results of sociological monitoring, has been presented. At the same time, the main emphasis has been made on assessing the peculiarities of public sentiment of residents of municipalities – the cities of Vologda and Cherepovets in the context of changing social reality. The results of the study showed that the analysis of public sentiment in the monitoring regime makes it possible to obtain important information about the quality of state and municipal administration and determine the areas for improving their effectiveness, which is particularly relevant in the context of the socio-economic and epidemiological crisis.
Professional self-determination theory of senior pupils in Russian psychology
Authors: Shutova E. P. , Velikanova (Gerasimova) A. S.
Published: December 2021

The article analyses the psychological literature on the problem of senior pupils’ professional self-determination. The author’s theoretical and methodological position is elaborated and the results of its approbation are presented. It is shown that the available approaches can be divided into two main groups. Some researchers focus on the goal and end result of vocational self-determination, while others seek to reveal the algorithm of the process itself and/or its stages. Researchers are unanimous in their opinion that the choice of an occupation by senior pupils is the first and most responsible stage of professional self-determination for the individual as a whole. At the same time, the senior pupils’ professional self-determination concepts, which would reflect the unity of theoretical positions and methods of its study, are practically not presented in national psychology. To overcome the existing limitations, the article proposes to consider the senior pupils’ professional self-determination from the position of the activity approach as a special kind of activity with its own structure. The motivational component is the motives for choosing a career, while the operational component is the senior pupils’ professional identity status. The empirical study results of the of formation level of senior pupils’ professional self-determination are discussed on the basis of the activity methodology.
An exploration of current сoncepts and meanings of the entrepreneurial project
Authors: Titova N. V. , Titov S. A.
Published: December 2021

A review of academic research studying the relationship between entrepreneurship and project management at the level of interpenetration of concepts, principles, methods, tools and practices has been made. The following is a description of the research methodology, which reflects different aspects of understanding the term “entrepreneurial project” and a quantitative analysis of the results of thematic coding. The results of the study have been presented. Conclusions have been formulated that include an interpretation of the findings and the maim points on how the term “entrepreneurial project” is currently understood and what trends in the development of the theory and practice of entrepreneurship and project management reflects the current understanding.
Peter the Great and the “modernisation” of serfdom in Russia
Authors: Yakhshiyan O. Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the transformations of Peter the Great in the context of the evolution of serfdom in Russia. The author substantiates the thesis that during the Peter’s transformations, the so-called “second edition of serfdom” took place, replacing its original, forced by objective conditions of survival and development of the country, estate-legal grounds. The substitution of the serfdom’s grounds is seen primarily in the rejection by the state of the conditionality principle of noble rights to the estate by compulsory lifelong service in the army, namely, this followed from the extension to estates of the patrimony’s possessory format. The analysis of the decree on single inheritance and its interpretations in historiography allowed us to conclude that the liberation of noble land ownership from the encumbrance of compulsory service created a legal basis for the subsequent “freedom of the nobility”, the rapid expansion of the privileges of the “noble estate” and, mainly, the ownership rights to land and peasants. The tax reform of Peter led to the fact that landlords began to assimilate the view of peasants as serfs, completely dependent on them, especially in the conditions of the responsibility imposed by the state on the owner of the estate for the payment of poll taxes and the supply of recruits.
Transcultural transformation in cinema
Authors: Vorontsova Yu. V.
Published: December 2021

The article presents a study of transcultural transformation in cinema, considering the filmmaker as a transnational figure. This is the gradual creation of a cinematic map based on affinitive transnationalism, which integrates forms of expression that are now considered archetypal. Members of the “imagined” cultural community construct a mosaic of shared references that transcend national boundaries. Based on this concept, a study of the organisational practices of filmmaker Carlos Saura has been conducted. This concept was the basis for a study of the organisational practices of director Carlos Saura, who in his last phase of his career focused on making films that offer samples of music, dance and unusual storytelling (based on the principle of “photography”) associated to the Iberian and Latin American space. This creates a special definition of the musical and artistic genres, combining traces of a documentary style influencing the authenticity of the representations depicted, with a strong aesthetic impulse emphasising the organisational and artistic nature of these representations. This model of transnationalism takes the form of reflection of trans-Iberian dimensions.
The problem of selecting digital development priorities for the region and ways of its solution
Authors: Kabanov S. S.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the problems of choosing digital development paths for the region, using the Nizhny Novgorod region as an example. Based on the hierarchy analysis method, regional policy priorities for deepening digitalisation processes have been determined. Alternative directions for the region’s digital development have been proposed in terms of priorities for improving information and communication infrastructure, enhancing human resources capacity, creating new digital technologies and investments in digitalisation. The necessity of integration of federal and municipal information systems and development of advanced production technologies related to information and communication technologies necessary to ensure the competitiveness and economic security of enterprises in the Nizhny Novgorod region has been substantiated.
Development of the it sector in Russia: drivers and stimulation methods
Authors: Ryzhkova M. V. , Spitsin V. V. , Skrylnikova N. A.
Published: December 2021

The development of the digital economy is directly linked to advances in the information technology sector. The information technology sector refers to a set of high-tech computer services. The article shows the place of this sector in the provision of high-tech services according to international and Russian statistical methodology. It has been substantiated that the information technology sector has a significant cumulative development effect. The IT sector refers to a set of high-tech computer services. The drivers of the information technology sector development have been identified and the government’s methods of stimulating it have been analysed. Particular attention has been paid to global external shocks to the industry, namely sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic. The short term specifics of the information technology sector drivers have been highlighted. The role of the state as a facilitator of methods to stimulate industry development has been shown.
Shaping the competitive advantages of travel agencies over online services in today’s environment
Authors: Frolova E. A.
Published: December 2021

The object of the study is the modern tourism and hospitality industry, which has faced significant losses and transformations over the past few years. Changes in the service system, transition to new standards, introduction of digital and online technologies in operations, etc. are affecting both industry players and consumer preferences. While some consumers only use the services of professional travel organisers, others travel on their own, preferring independent tourism. The article examines major trends in the tourism industry, reviews the market and gives recommendations on what challenges and opportunities to create a competitive advantage over online resources, aggregators in the fight for the consumer should pay attention to travel agencies as one of the key players in the market of travel services.
Synergistic Brønsted/Lewis Acid Catalyzed Aromatic Alkylation with Unactivated Tertiary Alcohols or Di-tert-Butylperoxide to Synthesize Quaternary Carbon Centers
Authors: Pan Aaron , Chojnacka Maja , Crowley Robert , Gottemann Lucas , Haines Brandon , Kou Kevin
Published: December 2021

Dual Brønsted/Lewis acid catalysis involving environmentally benign, readily accessible protic acid and iron promotes site-selective tert-butylation of electron-rich arenes using di-tert-butylperoxide. This transformation inspired the development of a synergistic Brønsted/Lewis acid catalyzed aromatic alkylation that fills a gap in the Friedel–Crafts reaction literature by employing unactivated tertiary alcohols as alkylating agents, leading to new quaternary carbon centers. Corroborated by DFT calculations, the Lewis acid serves a role in enhancing the acidity of the Brønsted acid. The use of non-allylic, non-benzylic, and non-propargylic tertiary alcohols represents an underexplored area in Friedel–Crafts reactivity.
Monitoring electrode/electrolyte interfaces of Li-ion batteries under working conditions: A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study on LiCoO2 composite cathodes
Authors: Heber Marcel , Hess Christian
Published: December 2021

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used for electrical energy storage in portable devices and are promising systems for large-scale energy storage. However, their application is still limited due to electrode degradation and stability issues. To enhance the fundamental understanding of electrode degradation we report on the Raman spectroscopic characterization of LiCoO2 cathode materials of working Li-ion batteries. To facilitate the spectroscopic analysis of the SEI (solid electrolyte interface) we apply surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by using Au nanoparticles coated with a thin SiO2 layer (Au@SiO2). We observe a surface-enhanced Raman signal of Li2CO3 at 1090 cm-1 during electrochemical cycling as an intermediate. Its formation/decomposition highlights the role of Li2CO3 as a component of the SEI on LiCoO2 composite cathodes. Our results demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy to monitor electrode/electrolyte interfaces of lithium-ion batteries under working conditions thus allowing relations between electrochemical performance and structural changes to be established.
Excited-state distortions control the reactivities and regioselectivities of photochemical 4π-electrocyclizations of fluorobenzenes
Authors: Li Jingbai , Lopez Steven
Published: December 2021

The photochemistry of benzene is complex and non-selective because numerous mechanistic pathways are accessible in the ground- and excited-states. Fluorination is a known strategy to increase the chemoselectivities for Dewar-benzenes via 4π-disrotatory electrocyclization. However, the origin of the chemo- and regioselectivities of fluorobenzenes remains unexplained because of experimental limitations in resolving the excited-state structures on ultrafast timescales. The computational cost of multiconfigurational nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations is also generally prohibitive. We now provide high-fidelity structural information and reaction outcome predictions with machine-learning-accelerated photodynamics simulations of a series of fluorobenzenes, C6F6-nHn, n=0–3 to study their S1→S0 decay in 4 ns. We trained neural networks with XMS-CASPT2(6,7)/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations, which reproduced the S1 absorption features with mean absolute errors of 0.04 eV (< 2 nm). The predicted S1 excited-state lifetimes for C6F4H2, C6F6, C6F5H, and C6F3H3 are 64, 40, 18, and 8 ps, respectively. The trend is in excellent agreement with the experimental lifetimes. Our calculations show that the pseudo Jahn-Teller distortions create the S1 minimum region that prolongs the excited-state lifetime of fluorobenzenes. The pseudo Jahn-Teller distortions reduce when fluorination decreases. Characterization of the surface hopping structures suggests that the S1 relaxation first involves a cis-trans isomerization of a 𝜋C-C-bond in the benzene ring, promoted by the pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortions. A branching plane analysis revealed that the conical intersections favoring 4π-electrocyclization are less energetically accessible through the S1 relaxation; lower-energy conical intersections resemble the reactant and favor reversion.
Ring Contraction Reactions of a Non-Benzenoid Aromatic Cation and a Neutral Homoaromatic System into Benzene Derivatives
Authors: Lyons Demelza , Dinh An Huy , Ton Nhan Nu Hong , Crocker Reece , Mai Binh Khanh , Nguyen Thanh Vinh
Published: December 2021

Aromaticity is one of the most intriguing concepts in organic chemistry. Simple and extended benzenoid aromatic systems have been very well established in undergraduate textbooks, and there are also mentions of non-benzenoid aromatic structures such as cyclopropenium, cyclopentadienide and cycloheptatrienylium (tropylium) ions. However, the structural relationship and the comparison of stabilization energy of such aromatic ions to benzene ring have been rarely studied and remained an underexplored area of advanced organic chemistry research. To contribute some insights into this topic, we focused on the chemical transformation, namely a ring contraction reaction, of the tropylium ion to benzene ring in this work. With an approach combining computational studies with experimental reactions, we also aim to turn this transformation into a synthetically useful tool. Indeed, this work led to the development of a new synthetic protocol, which involved an oxidative ring-contraction of tropylium ion, to formally introduce the phenyl ring onto a range of organic structures. Furthermore, the homoaromatic cycloheptatrienyl precursors of tropylium salts used in these reactions can also be rearranged to valuable benzhydryl or benzyl halides, enriching the synthetic utility of this ring-contraction protocol.
Influence of Counter Movement Jump Session with Different Rest Intervals on Muscle Damage and Soreness
Authors: Silva Lara E , Rodrigues Vanessa C , Vicente Gisele R , Machado Marco
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Plyometrics has been used in sports training and many aspects of this modality are poorly understood. This study measures the magnitude of variations of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and perceived muscle soreness after one session of Countermovement Jump (CMJ) session and compares 1 and 3 minutes rest intervals between each sets.Methods: A group of 30 young male was dividing in two groups and performed ten sets of ten CMJ with 1 or 3 minutes rest interval between sets. Before and after session (24, 48, and 72-h) they informed the muscle soreness perception and blood samples were collected for dosage of serum CK activity. Two (time) x Two (treatment) ANOVA was used to test differences in serum CK activity and muscle soreness. The alpha level was set at 0.05.Results: Serum CK activity measured 48 h after session augments ~2 and ~1.5 times in 1 min and 3 min rest interval respectively. No significant difference between groups that rests 1 or 3 minutes between sets was found. Muscle soreness rises 24 h after session without significant differences between groups.Conclusions: The findings show that the CMJ increases perceived muscle soreness and increases the serum CK activity, and the intervals of rest do not modulate these variables.
Study on Detection Method of Uranium Content in Uranium Diox-ide-Beryllium Oxide Pellets
Authors:   North Nuclear Fuel Element Co., Ltd., Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014035, China, Jia Lingyu
Published: December 2021

The uranium content detection method of UO2-BeO pellets was studied. The sample was dissolved in phosphoric acid, and then heated to be completely dissolved at 200℃ by adding 3 drops of nitric acid. In concentrated phosphoric acid solution containing sulfamic acid, excess ferrous sulfate was used to reduce uranium (vi) to uranium (vi), the rest ferrous sulfate was oxidized by nitric acid using molybdenum (vi) as catalyst, vanadyl sulfate was added, and uranium was titrated by potassium dichromate standard solution. The precision of the method is better than 0.1%