bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification and detection using hidden Markov model‐support vector machine algorithm based on optimal colour space selection for blood images
Authors: Guo Lei , Wang Yao , Song Yuan , Sun Tengyue
Published: February 2022

Patients with cerebral haemorrhages need to drain haematomas. Fresh blood may appear during the haematoma drainage process, so this needs to be observed and detected in real time. To solve this problem, this paper studies images produced during the haematoma drainage process. A blood image feature selection recognition and classification framework is designed. First, aiming at the characteristics of the small colour differences in blood images, the general RGB colour space feature is not obvious. This study proposes an optimal colour channel selection method. By extracting the colour information from the images, it is recombined into a 3 × 3 matrix. The normalised 4‐neighbourhood contrast and variance are calculated for quantitative comparison. The optimised colour channel is selected to overcome the problem of weak features caused by a single colour space. After that, the effective region in the image is intercepted, and the best colour channel of the image in the region is transformed. The first, second and third moments of the three best colour channels are extracted to form a nine‐dimensional eigenvector. K‐means clustering is used to obtain the image eigenvector, outliers are removed, and the results are then transferred to the hidden Markov model (HMM) and support vector machine (SVM) for classification. After selecting the best color channel, the classification accuracy of HMM‐SVM is greatly improved. Compared with other classification algorithms, the proposed method offers great advantages. Experiments show that the recognition accuracy of this method reaches 98.9%.
Judicial protection of environmental rights in the Russian Federation: constitutional and legal basis
Authors: Vinogradova Elena , Mikhailova Ekaterina , Mukhlynina Мaria
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the problems of determining the nature of environmental rights and the procedure for their protection. The article presents an analysis of the constitutional provisions and norms of the current Russian legislation in the environmental sphere. It is noted that environmental offenses related to the failure of public authorities to fulfil their constitutional and legal obligations in the environmental field should be considered by courts of general jurisdiction according to the rules of administrative proceedings. The idea of creating a system of specialized environmental courts, expressed in science, has been criticized. It is proposed to involve an expert in the case of difficulties in the consideration of cases of environmental violations.
Finno-Ugric words in the Russian dialects of Yakutia
Authors: Samsonova Larisa , Nikaeva Tatiana , Tarabukina Marfa
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes the lexical Finno-Ugric borrowings that appeared in the speech of the Slavs and the aboriginal population of Yakutia with the arrival of the Russians to the northeast Siberia in the 17th century. More than three centuries ago, the Russians, who came from the northern provinces of Russia, introduced the essential vocabulary necessary for the daily life of the people of that time into the active vocabulary of the northern region’s population. Most of the words from the Finno-Ugric languages denoted new concepts and did not have synonyms in Russian, for example, viska, edoma, laida, etc. This research investigates and illustrates the most significant thematic groups of the borrowed words, gives lexical-semantic characteristics of the analyzed notions, and determines the basic word-building patterns. This article presents the results of a linguistic experiment on the interpretation of words, which was conducted in 2021 among the students of Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University to determine the relevance of the Finno-Ugric layer of vocabulary in the modern communicative situation of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The authors of the article conclude that the studied lexical borrowings, which became widespread on the territory of the republic several centuries ago, underwent some changes, became the basis for the formation of new words, became part of not only the modern Russian literary language, but also other languages of the republic, where they are part of the active vocabulary.
Canada’s contemporary policy on Aboriginal education
Authors: Garusova Larisa
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the process of transformation of the educational system of the Indigenous peoples, the key factor of which is the policy of the Canadian government. Based on the analysis of documents and materials of the federal government of Canada and regional authorities, qantitative and qualitative characteristics of the modern educational status of Aboriginal peoples have been identified. Canada's Aboriginal education system has gone through a difficult path from destructive forms of education for culture, family and personality, to humane and careful attitude towards students, their national roots and traditions. The policy of compensating for the damage done in the past and supporting the Indigenous peoples in the field of education goes in several directions. Among them there are payments to those Aborigines who have suffered physically or mentally in boarding schools in the past; equalization of education levels of Indigenous peoples and other Canadians, support of Aboriginal languages and culture. The main tools in the implementation of modern government policy are increased funding for the education of the Indigenous population and the collaboration of the authorities with public organizations and Aboriginal communities.
Legal and organizational healthcare environment for the children with primary immune deficiency disease in Russia
Authors: Nechkin Andrey , Zaitseva Ekaterina , Voronina Lyudmila
Published: February 2022

The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in the given article, comprises studying the state of legal and organizational healthcare environment provided to the Russian children with diseases caused by primary immune deficiency, as well as identifying the prospects for creating such environment. The relevance of the theme under study is due to the fact that the number of patients with diseases caused by primary immune deficiency is increasing in many countries, including the Russian Federation. This group includes more than 450 different diseases caused by defects in cells and proteins that are the components of the immune system. A significant number of Russian children suffer from diseases caused by severe combined immune deficiency: this is one of the most dangerous forms of primary immune deficiency disease. Hereditary conditions begin functioning even before the birth of a child, they are difficult to diagnose, often have fatal consequences, such as director disability and death. Their treatment requires special resources, such as high-tech medical care, emergency treatment, the use of special medical technologies, personnel and financial support. The authors of the article prove that difficulties and problems can be minimized in case of the implementation of the specific legislative and organizational actions.
Problems of civic education in the multicultural environment of Yakutsk
Authors: Alekseeva Margarita , Atlasova Sargylana , Makarova Agrafena , Nikolaev Alexander , Stepanova Sakhaya
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes the problems of civic education in the multicultural environment of the capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Yakutsk. Attention is paid to the process of developing skills, knowledge and values, civic competencies that contribute to active and responsible participation in public life. The article reveals features of the program “Civic Education”, introducing the fundamentals of the legal status of Russian citizens affecting interethnic relations and fostering tolerance, considering the forms of interaction between civil society, government and business. Civic education is not limited to general education, since in modern conditions, it is important to create a system of continuous civic education. The authors define features of civic education in the multi-ethnic and poly-confessional society of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), inhabited by representatives of more than 120 nationalities, and represented by more than 165 religious organizations. The authors describe problems arising in the implementation of goals of civic education in the modern conditions of globalization, eroding ethnic identity and transforming traditional social institutions. The priority areas in civic education are multicultural education and bilingual education.
Legal criteria for distinguishing between the subject and the object in the procedure for editing the human genome
Authors: Odintsova Victoria
Published: February 2022

In this article, the author attempts to differentiate between the object and the subject in human genome editing procedures. The criteria for such distinction are individualization, passive capacity, active capacity and free will. The status of the embryo was analysed, since then the child is considered to have been born when the subject acquires the right to life. The reference is made to international instruments and to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Special attention is paid to the legality of biomedical research involving embryos in vivo and in vitro, as well as to the purposes of such intervention. As a key criterion for distinguishing between the object and the subject, the author emphasizes the existence of his free will. This criterion is reflected in one of the key principles applied to medical intervention and the existence of voluntary written consent to be manipulated. By distinguishing between object and subject, by means of identified criteria, it will be possible to ensure adequate protection of human rights and freedoms during the editing of the genome at the international and national levels.
The goal setting of modern criminal proceedings subject to regulatory consolidation
Authors: Azarenok Nicolay , Muraviov Kirill , Grishin Andrey , Semenov Evgeniy , Pankov Sergey
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the correlation of some of the most significant categories of criminal procedure activity: “purpose”, “purpose” and “tasks”. The authors conclude that without goals and objectives, it is impossible to imagine any organized, well-coordinated and planned activities, especially those regulated by law. The goal organizes the participants in the criminal procedure activity, advises them about the result, while the tasks help them to exercise their powers. The unity of purpose and objectives, which forms the goal-setting of criminal proceedings, attaches cohesion and coherence to the actions of numerous subjects, i.e. builds a capable system. Therefore, any process, including law-making and law enforcement, can and should be characterized from the point of view of its purpose and objectives. This indicates the objective need to establish not only the purpose, but also the goal setting in the law. The attempt to concentrate the tasks of the criminal process solely on the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the individual (Article 6 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) seems unproductive. This provision is true, but it is not sufficient, since it does not take into account the state tasks that are initially present in such branches of public law as criminal procedure law and the criminal proceedings regulated by it. The criminal process cannot fulfil its purpose without taking into account the tasks of criminal law. By implementing them, criminal law and criminal procedure protect, among other objects, the life, health, interests and freedoms of citizens, as well as public order, public security, the constitutional system of the state, peace and security of mankind.
Metaphorical conceptualization in national sports
Authors: Fedorova Claudia , Argounov Vasily
Published: February 2022

The article addresses a number of issues in the study of conceptual metaphors related to their nature, typology, and functioning in various discourses. Metaphorical conceptualization on the material of the Yakut language has not so far been systematically explored in the cognitive linguistics literature on metaphor. On the basis of the theoretical framework of conceptual metaphor theory, the paper analyses creative and frozen metaphors and their systematic interconnection during conceptualization in sports discourse. The basic metaphor of sports discourse SPORT IS WAR is frequently elaborated by metaphorical nominations, such as “bootur” (ancient Yakut warriors), “soldaty” (soldiers), etc. In national sports, conceptual metaphors vividly and expressively reflect the specificity of not only the language, but also the history, traditions, and the metaphorical conceptualization of a particular ethnos.
Reforms introduced by Hokkaido University
Authors: Akimova Valentina , Atlasova Sargylana , Kurchatova Tamara , Markova Marianna , Ershova Ksenia
Published: February 2022

The coexistence of new technologies and cultural traditions allows search and finding related answers to the latest questions in educational development. Reforming the higher education system passes without breaches of national identity and demonstrates the raised efficiency of reforms. In this paper issues in higher education reforming have been considered by the example of Hokkaido University. The Management Staff of the university got an expanded authority; however, modernization of the higher education system has links with the international exchange system. The Hokkaido Short-Term exchange program has been provided since October, 1997. In 2014 Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University (Yakutsk) and the University of Hokkaido signed the Protocol for establishing an intent to enhance promotion and development of new Master Degree Programs, applying resources of Russia and Japan. Thus, Hokkaido University has changed a model – based on following standards of leading countries— and started attempts to rethink a mission of its own. The Management staff set middle-, long-term goals, taking into account the expert community judgments but the internalization strategy surely is an important link.
The evolution of reproductive rights in view of bioeconomics
Authors: Romanovsky Georgy , Romanovskaya Olga , Artyomova Darya
Published: February 2022

The article considers a general concept of reproductive rights, its primary enshrinement into international documents, and manifestation in specific laws adopted in post-Soviet space (including the Russian Federation). Various approaches to legal regulation based on direct enshrinement of specific reproductive rights, and determination of a legal regime of assisted reproductive technologies are shown. Some examples taken from legislation of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic are given. The Western European experience based on the regulation of technologies rather than on provision of new basic human rights is presented. Effects of inclusion of reproductive technologies into economically evaluated medical industry are analyzed. It is highlighted that regulatory logic of reproductive technologies in Russia is largely based on market approaches, and any medical intervention is considered to be a civil service. Meanwhile, according to 2020 Constitutional amendments, Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrined preservation of traditional values. Thus, a theological approach to the regulation of most biomedical issues seems to be relevant.
Reflection of Arctic geocultures in the sounding attributes of the shaman costumes of Sakha, Evenks and Nganasans
Authors: Dobzhanskaya Oksana , Nikiforova Vera , Dyakonova Varvara
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to study the sounding pendants on the shamanic costume of the Evenks, Sakha and Nganasans in the unity of the shamanic ritual complex and ritual musical traditions. Shamanic pendants are interpreted as a special text of culture, a reflection of the geocultural ideas of the peoples of the Arctic. The paper is based on the materials of field research carried out by the authors in Taimyr in 1989-1990, in the Olenek Evenk national region of Yakutia in 2014 and scientific publications. The sound world of shamanic ritual is a complex phonic picture, which is formed when using vocal, verbal, vocal-speech, signal, instrumental types of intonation. The movements of shaman are accompanied by the sound of colliding pendants on the costume of shamans and its components (headband, shoes, mittens). The sounding pendants were described by ethnographers and musicologists, but they were not considered in connection with geocultural studies. Metal pendants on a shaman costume mark sacred spatial models of the Universe (images of heavenly bodies - the sun, the moon, stars), mythological spaces of the Upper, Middle and Lower worlds inhabited by the shaman's helper spirits - birds, animals, anthropomorphic creatures, they symbolize parts of the human body, etc. The prospects for the study of shaman costume pendants as a symbolic embodiment of the landscape are contained in a more complete description and generalization of all known materials, including the analysis of shaman costumes from ethnographic museum collections.
The right to defense in proceedings on cases of administrative offenses
Authors: Anikeenko Yulia , Gracheva Maria , Novoselova Natalia
Published: February 2022

The authors reflect on the further prospects for their development based on the results of the analysis of the current Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the draft Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses and the Procedural Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses. They also include foreign legislation, modern points of view on the development of administrative tort legislation. The attention is focused on the conceptual issues of the right of citizens to defense in proceedings on cases of administrative offenses.
State Council as an object of chrono-discrete mono-geography comparative law
Authors: Mkhitaryan Lyudmila , Kurakina Svetlana
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the State Council in the Russian Empire and the Russian Federation. The historical stages of the creation and development of this institute in Russia are studied in detail. The activity of this state body with a fairly long pre-revolutionary history and modern constitutional status is studied from the standpoint of the chrono-discrete monogeographic method. The authors emphasize the relevance of the method used: in particular, it is indicated that its use makes it possible to trace the evolution of significant legal institutions in the position of comparative analysis. It is noted that the current stage of development of the State Council is characterized by completely new features and some contradictions, which are explored in the article. In addition to the above, it is emphasized that the history of the creation of this organ has undergone numerous changes, despite which it has retained its significance to this day, having revived in modern Russia.
Humanism in the punishment of Russian criminal law
Authors: Rozenko Stanislav
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of development and improvement of humanism in Russian criminal law. The principle of humanism is analyzed as a complex-systemic legal phenomenon with its own content and logic of development. Since punishment is a social phenomenon and functions in various areas of state and public life, its development is due to the implementation of a humanistic approach in law. The article examines the significance of humanism in criminal punishment and its historical nature; the essence of criminal punishment is defined in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as a list of types of punishments that are directly represented as a system and are applied to the guilty in the form of a measure of punishment, but humanism systematically limits the boundaries of criminal repression. Based on this analysis, the author makes judgments that at present humanism in the punishment of Russian law should be considered as a prerequisite for the formalization of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature as independent and equal institutions of Russian criminal law. The consolidation of the constitutional prohibition on cruel or degrading punishment (part 2 of article 21 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) necessitates a conceptual definition of these terms in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Genetic discrimination in foreign legislation and law-enforcement practice
Authors: Ponomareva Daria , Kubyshkin Aleksey
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the problematic issues of legal regulation of public relations arising from protection against discrimination based on genetic status in the legislation and law enforcement practice of a number of foreign countries (Australia, Canada, the United States of America). The authors analyzed the concept of discrimination based on genetic status, formulated in the legal acts of states; an attempt was made to present their own interpretation of this term. The article provides an overview of the international legal framework for the regulation of public relations arising from countering discrimination based on genetic status, as well as key acts of leading foreign jurisdictions. The authors paid special attention to the analysis of law enforcement (judicial) practice, illustrating the problems associated with genetic discrimination, the main directions of the development of such practice are highlighted. In conclusion, the authors contemplate on the advisability of implementing relevant foreign experience into the Russian legal system
Improving electronic evidence legal regulation in criminal proceedings
Authors: Maiorova Ludmila
Published: February 2022

The paper analyzes new sources of information on criminal cases related to digitalization. The study considers the issue on the reasonability of the "electronic evidence" concept introduction into the criminal procedure, the need for additional guarantees of the procedural form of information technologies related evidence. The paper examines the theoretical approaches and requirements, formulated in Russian and European legislation, on the peculiarities of the admissibility of this evidence in criminal cases. Admissibility rules elaboration is a defining moment in this type of information practical use. Another important circumstance is the formulation of the principle of proportionality. The principle of proportionality guarantees the preservation of the fundamental rights of the relevant entities and a system of legal remedies. Much more important is the issue of securing in the current criminal procedural legislation guarantees of observance of the legal rights and freedoms of persons whose interests are affected by obtaining data from various electronic sources in the course of a criminal investigation. Taking into account the invasiveness that accompanies the proper functioning of the new system of comprehensive digitalization, the development of guarantees for the observance and protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms is especially relevant to ensure it. Research reviews German criminal justice experience on this subject matter.
Role of sociological methodology in determining criteria evaluating justice of punishment in criminal law
Authors: Voronin Viacheslav
Published: February 2022

In modern society, the role of concept of justice is increasing. Various decisions of state authorities are assessed from the standpoint of justice or injustice. However, the concept of justice has special significance in relation to state repression. Often society reacts to the use of state coercion against individuals and such situations are widely covered in the media, spark a great public outcry, sometimes lead to various kinds of conflicts between a part of society and officials. It is generally accepted that such situations of social tension are caused by the facts of excessive use of repression. However, we put forward the hypothesis that the perception of justice by society and concept of justice set out in the criminal law and perceived by the court are significantly different today, which causes systemic problems in the perception of justice. The solution to this problem is possible only with an integrated approach related to the study of the current criminal law and the potential of justice embedded in it, the perception of justice as a category in the activities of the court, as well as the idea of justice in public perception. The author had the following tasks: 1) to study the main approaches to justice in the modern system of social sciences, 2) set the parameters and forms of polling the population on the justice of punishment, 3) develop an anonymous questionnaire for judges in order to establish the factors, criteria and circumstances which they associate punishment tightening and mitigation with, 4) send the developed questionnaire to all courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 5) after the responses are received from the courts, carry out selective analysis of the sentences awarded by these courts and compare the circumstances noted in the sentences and affecting the punishment with those indicated by the judges in the questionnaires; 6) process all received sociological data and create the following scales: a) circumstances that should be regarded when assigning a just punishment based on public opinion; b) circumstances that judges regard when choosing a punishment in specific criminal cases. The article presents some results of the study conducted on the basis of a questionnaire survey of judges and the population, as well as a description of the survey methodology.
Creative activity approach in teaching English language for medical students
Authors: Borisova Irina , Maksimova Varvara , Dmitrieva Oksana
Published: February 2022

The paper addresses the creative activity approach in teaching English language for medical students of the first and second years. Activation of the cognitive, design-research and practical activities of students is based on authentic material and material with an ethnocultural component. The study involved first and second year students of the Medical Institute of Northeastern University named after M.K. Ammosov 36% of students defending creative projects rated their skills at 3 points out of 5. Creative projects on the topics My Dream Trip and My Native District and my Village received the greatest response in students (43%). A total of 36% of students assessed their knowledge of special terminology (medical) at 3 and 4 on a five-point scale. Improvement in pronunciation and the ability to extract basic information from a text/article (medical) were noted by 43% of students. Students report difficulties in writing of the main part of annotation and rated their skills at 3 points (36%), 4 points (21%), and 2 points (28%). A total of 64% of students improved their knowledge on the Republic of Sakha Yakutia due to the geographical lotto used in English lessons. The creative activity approach is implemented by enhancing the cognitive, design-research and practical activities of students based on authentic material and material with an ethnocultural component.
On some issues of cross-border class actions
Authors: Grubtsova Svetlana
Published: February 2022

At present, globalization imposes the conditions under which legal conflicts are no longer confined to the territory of one state and involve hundreds and thousands of people, both in Russia and abroad. Class actions are becoming global procedural means for collective protection of rights and interests, while the effectiveness of national models of class actions and their adaptation to cross-border conditions are questioned. According to the author, the greatest difficulties in cross-border class actions may arise in determination of amenability and jurisdiction, proper notification of foreign group members and joining the submitted claim, validity of court decisions in the cross-border class action and its recognition and execution, and the exclusion of adjudication of individual accusations in a foreign country after the court decision rendered in the cross-border class action. Based on the analysis of certain aspects, the author suggests that the resolution of issues of recognition and enforcement of court decisions in cross-border class actions can be affected by the models of class actions according to the rules for involving group members in group proceedings (opt-in and opt-out models). The paper provides recommendations for improving the current Russian procedural legislation in the context of development of the institution of class actions in the cross-border aspect, which concern the detailing of the legal regulation of the procedure for notification of foreign group members about the possibility of joining the class action.
Problems of legislation as exemplified by the concept of artificial intelligence
Authors: Tarasov Igor Nikolaevich
Published: February 2022

The number of times the phrase “artificial intelligence” is used both in science and in legislation makes it impossible to carelessly and arbitrarily use this category in governing public relations. It is this circumstance that forces us to turn to the terminology and legislation encapsulated in this category. The paper analyzes current approaches to the concept of artificial intelligence in the legal literature. The author shows that any concept in law and beyond is genetically associated with our knowledge of the object and concludes that reasoning about artificial intelligence is impossible in law until it is clearly defined in technical fields of science.
On the issue of the legal status of persons exercising control of a maritime autonomous surface vessel
Authors: Golovina Anastasiya
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the study of some problematic aspects of the legislative consolidation of the legal status of a person exercising control of a maritime autonomous surface vessel. The author considers the issues of the need to determine the scope of the functions performed by a given person at the legislative level and his responsibility, a set of rights and obligations, features of vocational training, retraining and certification, requirements for competencies, peculiarities of the work duties implementation, as well as the necessary nomenclative apparatus in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The article reveals main brief conclusions of the analysis of basic implemented measures, providing for amendments to the current legislation in the field of public relations regulation arising in the sphere of operation of autonomous maritime surface vessels and, in particular, in the sphere of the legal status of persons managing the given technical unities. Based on the current legislation analysis in the area under consideration, the author offers some recommendations for its further development, and also highlights the main areas to be regulated, considering the need for research in order to create the required rules and regulations that ensure the navigation safety in the framework of the operation of maritime autonomous surface vessels.
Problems of protecting the rights of taxpayers in the framework of examining the materials of a tax audit and making a decision by a tax authority
Authors: Zimulkin Maxim Igorevich
Published: February 2022

The subject of the study is the Russian Federation legislation, case law, as well as domestic and foreign doctrine, which allow us to establish the main problems of determining the concept of procedural norms’ materiality of breach when examining the materials of a tax audit and making a decision by a tax authority. The object of the study is public relations on the examination of the materials of the tax audit and the decision of the tax authority on the audit results. The author examines in detail the legal aspects related to the procedural issues of notifying the taxpayer related to the place and time of tax authority’s examination of the audit materials, compliance of the decision with the procedural requirements of the law, compliance with the deadlines for examination of the tax audit materials and making a decision on them, as well as additional tax control measures. The author pays special attention to the problems of qualification of procedural violations as significant ones, entailing the cancellation of the decision of the tax authority. The author formulates the criterion of procedural norms’ materiality of breach of the Russian Federation legislation on taxes and fees when considering the materials of a tax audit and making a decision by the tax authority.
Law-making Concretization of Basic Legislative Guidelines in the State Agrarian Policy of modern Russia
Authors: Goryushina Yuliana Vadimovna
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with scientific approaches to the definition of state agrarian policy and concretization in law. Through agrarian sphere, law-making decisions are analyzed, thus expanding and clarifying the subject of legislative regulation using the mechanism of law-making concretization. The author believes that law-making concretization of legal provisions is necessary because, once implemented, it ensures the quality and efficiency of the legal system. A formal legal, systemic method is used to trace vectors of legislative decisions taken in the agricultural sector, starting with the basic legislative directions and guidelines set forth by the state agrarian policy, which are detailed (concretized) by special laws and statutory laws.
Legal Protection and Legal Defense: Approaches to the Study of Concepts
Authors: Semyonovykh Anastasia E.
Published: February 2022

The paper considers a controversial issue of the relationship between the concepts and legal phenomena “legal protection” and “legal defense”. The author puts forward and substantiates a hypothesis on the differentiation of the concepts of “legal protection” and “legal defense” based on teleological purposes. Moreover, the author draws attention to the chronological differences in the impact of legal protection and legal defense. The methodology of scientific research includes the dialectical method, as well as general scientific logical operations (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis) and special scientific methods (formal legal and comparative legal methods). The author studies various epistemological approaches to differentiate concepts and phenomena (study of structure, study of functional purpose, study of instrumental purpose), by the construction of conceptual series. As a result of the research, the author confirms this hypothesis, taking into account the basis of the developed conceptual series.
Civil law and anti-corruption legal awareness of future lawyers
Authors: Fedorova Ekaterina Alekseevna , Chizhikova Anna Vasilyevna
Published: February 2022

The profession of a lawyer is very important for the political system of the country and society as a whole, because it covers various segments of the state: economic, political, social, moral, psychological, etc.; how the profession affects the moral and moral values of the society is an urgent issue for the modern world. It is important how future lawyers master the material that they are taught at an educational institution. Besides, during training it is critical whether they realize the significance of their profession, whether they can be held responsible for their actions and acts in the professional environment and in private life. Corruption is one of the global challenges of the humankind around the world. There is no country in which it is absent, because its roots go back to the beginning of the formation of civilization. Corruption is multifaceted and has different forms and types. It drastically affects the moral values of people, including the younger generation, whose boundaries are erased in the understanding what is normal and acceptable. The purpose of the study is to identify how the civil law and anti-corruption legal awareness of future legal professionals is formed. The material of the study was the data of an anonymous questionnaire of cadets of Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University.
Modern Aspects of Leasing Publicly Owned Land Plots
Authors: Podbolotova L. P. , Shaikina E. V.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents a study of modern aspects and the legal regime of leasing land plots in the Russian Federation that are in public (federal, owned by the Subjects of the Russian Federation, municipal) ownership, since currently in Russia, the lease of land plots that are in public ownership is the most common way of using land plots. The study was conducted in order to identify modern aspects and the legal regime of leasing public land plots for subsequent practical application by tenants and landlords. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the main regulatory legal acts currently in force in Russia regulating the provision of land plots for lease for various purposes is carried out. The significance of the study lies in the fact that, despite the constant improvement of the mechanism for granting land plots for rent, the procedures for granting land for rent are contained in many regulatory legal acts and often have gaps in legal regulation associated with constant changes in these regulations. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the general procedure for concluding a lease agreement for a land plot that is in public ownership is regulated by civil and land legislation, taking into account regional and local regulatory legal acts, as well as regulatory legal acts adopted by regulatory authorities in this area independently. Previously, this body was the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, and since 20.01.2020 – Rosreestr, which for 2020-2021 adopted more than 20 regulatory legal acts that are important in the design of land lease agreements. The results of this study are recommended to be taken into account in their activities by legal entities and individuals who use the procedures for leasing land plots that are in state or municipal ownership.
The construction of contrast as a mechanism of attractivization of discourse
Authors: Orsoeva Aiuna Aleksandrovna , Serebrennikova Evgeniia Fyodorovna , Kaverina Oksana Anatolievna
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the role of eventfulness as one of the parameters of discourse and its relationship with the category of attractiveness in the study of the effectiveness of discourse. The position on the role of the construction of contrast in its various forms in the implementation of linguo-cognitive mechanisms of discourse attraction is substantiated. On the basis of representative texts of the promoting type of discourse, which are based on the construction of contrast, cognitive mechanisms of attraction are distinguished.
The methods of pathos expression in patriotic songs
Authors: Kobzhitskaya Olga , Koshel Alexandra , Adilkhanian Nina
Published: February 2022

The article concerns the phenomenon of pathos, which is considered a category in rhetoric, and the methods of its expression in Chinese patriotic songs. There has been a specific kind of pathos in patriotic songs, a heroic one. The lyrics and tunes of such songs contain the considerable extent of influence on a listener, and, therefore, they cause deep patriotic feelings in his or her heart. Tropes defined the figurative meaning of words and phrases are able to express solemnity and inspiration inherent in patriotic songs. There have been national, cultural, and linguistic features in tropes analyzed in the article.
International cargo transportation through the Suez Canal and alternative routes (by the example of China-EU)
Authors: Imamkulieva Elmira , Kondakova Kristina
Published: February 2022

The Suez Canal occupies a prominent place in world trade. However, the six-day blockage of the Suez Canal by a megaship “Ever Given”, chartered by the Taiwanese company “Evergreen Marine”, triggered a wave of discussions about alternative Asia-Europe transport routes. This accident revealed the dangers of the freight flows concentration on this route for the world trade and supply chains. So, search for alternatives for diversifying transport routes becomes an objective necessity in case of arising unpredictable situations. The paper aims to assess the prospects for diversification of China-EU transport routes, consider competitiveness of existing ones and the advantages and disadvantages of alternatives.
Basic pedagogical principles of teaching Russian sign language to law enforcement personnel
Authors: Kirichenko N.R. , Polonskaya O.Y. , Smetanina T.V.
Published: February 2022

The article deals with teaching the Russian sign language to certain categories of internal affairs personnel at the higher educational institutions of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs under the conditions of time shortage. The authors assess psychological and pedagogical conditions of the Russian sign language teaching and provide some innovative teaching methods to accelerate the learning process. A compulsory requirement to any contemporary professionals, including the professionals in law-enforcement, is the ability to adapt to changing social and economic realities. Nowadays, in conditions of globalization and integrational processes, skills of socio-communicative interaction between a police officer and various categories of citizens are essential and very important as well as other general cultural skills that any professional should have since they provide success and efficiency of any professional activity in modern world. To exercise their professional activities internal affairs personnel have to acquire additional professional competences due to new tasks. These days we witness growing importance for police officers to enjoy such professional skills as the abilities to interact with people with disabilities. Linguocommunicative training of police personnel in the sphere of the Russian sign language is an important component of their professional education and their skills to get in contact with hearing-impaired people using sign language are becoming highly important in contemporary conditions.
Extrability as a strategy for successful employment of people with disability
Authors: Kopalkina Evgeniya , Iltakova Natalya , Kirillova Tatyana
Published: February 2022

This research is one of the attempts to understand the phenomenon of extrability, which means additional opportunities for people with disability, which are formed in the process of successful social adaptation and socialization, thanks to which people with disability, having experienced a deep psychological crisis, qualitatively change their lives. The paper describes and analyses the original practical experience of the autonomous non-profit organization «White Cane», established in 2010 in the city of Yekaterinburg (Russia), the founder of which is O. B. Kolpashchikov, who developed and put into practice the concept of extrability. The information base of the research of the problem of inclusive employment at the present stage of the development of Russian society was made up of scientific works of Russian researchers, public statistical data of the Federal Register of Disabled People and the Federal State Statistics Service for 2017-2021, the results of sociological studies of recent years. It is emphasized that extrability is at the stage of institutionalization and testing. But despite this, it can be concluded that extrability not only solves the problem of employment and the quality of life of people with disability. But it also creates prerequisites for the formation of a new segment of the open labor market, associated with the fact that new jobs and professions appear, in which if people without disability are involved, the quality of rendered services is significantly reduced.
Dynamics of suffix – gate in culture and language
Authors: Kulgavova Larisa
Published: February 2022

The article considers the origin of the word-building formant –gate and the change of its morphological status from a splinter into an affix (a suffix). The article describes the dynamics of its conceptual senses and the actual language content in the 70s, 80s, 90s of the last century and at the beginning of the XXI century and shows its cultural conditionality upon the events of the corresponding periods. Particular attention is paid to the differences in the conceptual component of this sign in the American and British linguistic cultures. The predominance of the ludic function of the suffix over its informative function in recent years in the mass media is emphasized.
Lexical and grammatical transformations from the Chinese language perspective: universal approach
Authors: Shchurik Natalia , Shishmareva Tatiana , Weber Elena , Dundik Julia
Published: February 2022

The paper describes different approaches to lexical and grammatical transformations in modern translation studies. It sheds new light on traditional approaching Chinese translation studies. Using experience of teaching students studying the French and the German languages the authors provide several reasons for proposing the Russian traditional classifications of lexical and grammatical transformations into courses of translation from Chinese practical. According to this approach, there are such types of transformations as lexical and grammatical, as well as complex (or mixed) ones. Such consistent and universal perspective is aimed to help students to understand grammatical and lexical asymmetry of the source and the target languages and it can be of great use in writing research papers.
Evolution of transdisciplinary regionology and regional specificity of knowledge management
Authors: Kremnyov Evgeny , Deryugin Pavel , Lesnikovskaya Ekaterina , Kuznetsova Olga
Published: February 2022

The article covers the process of evolution of regionological knowledge in its relation to knowledge management. The authors suggest distinguishing three large periods of the development of regionology: the period of proto-regionological knowledge, the period of systematic regionological knowledge and the period of institutionalized regionological knowledge. Each of the stages has its own approaches to knowledge management, and these approaches, in turn, are defined by well marked regional specificity. The authors consider the cases of Russia, European countries, Japan, China and others and conceptualize experience of knowledge management in the frameworks of regionology schools, fields and disciplines such as Area Studies, Regional Studies, Regional Science, World Complex Regional Studies. The authors of the article analyze the identity crisis of the regionological knowledge system and the place of regionological knowledge among other research areas, and define different approaches to this process: positioning regionological knowledge as a subdiscipline, as an interdisciplinary field, and as an independent discipline. The article establishes two bases for defining regional specificity of knowledge management: at an earlier stage – in the period of proto-regionological knowledge – on the basis of the difference in civilization between the East and the West, at later stages – on the basis of the firmness of the system of knowledge management on the part of the state structures. The authors of the article point out to the important role of the transdisciplinarization of regionological knowledge because the integration of different schools, research fields and subdisciplines into a common transdisciplinary field will improve opportunities for efficient knowledge management.