bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Heart Attacks Using Machine Learning
Authors: M V Rohith , G K Dr. Ravikumar , N S Ms. Nandini
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Heart attacks, also described as cardiac arrests, are a variety of heart-related illnesses, which are now among the main reasons of death in the globe during the recent years. Globally, CVDs are thought to be the cause of about 31% of fatalities. It represents the apex of long-lasting processes that entail intricate interactions between risk variables that can and cannot be changed. The majority of coronary heart disease symptoms can be attributed to hypertension, and the majority of cases are thought to be undesirable. Itself was selected to test a few of techniques to determine how well their anticipated outcomes replicate or enhance the outcomes acquired prior to ML becoming preferred strategy for the advancement of forecasting analytics in the medical care sector. In order to help the medical sector and experts, investigators use a variety of information mining and machine learning algorithms on a set of vast data of cardiac victims to detect heart disease earlier they happen. This study uses a variety of Supervised ML classifications, including Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression, to develop a system for the forecasting of Myocardial Ischemia. It makes use of the already-existing information from the Framingham library as well as those from the UCI Heart repositories collection. This study aims to construct a forecast for the likelihood that patients will experience a cardiac event.
Diagrid Based Multistorey Building Design and Durability Forecasting
Authors: Soni Pranava , Chandak Dr. Rajeev
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The taller and higher structures results in the effects of lateral loading, lateral loads dominates when the height of building increases, lateral loads such as earthquake, wind causes the building larger displacement, to avoid larger displacement in high rise buildings lateral load resisting systems are deployed. Apart from other structural system, the diagrid and hexagrid system are adopted to improve structural performance of tall buildings. The various types of structural system in tall buildings have become obsolete and the new structural skeletons such as hexagrid and diagrid are being used
Connecting geometry and performance of two-qubit parameterized quantum circuits
Authors: Katabarwa Amara , Sim Sukin , Koh Dax Enshan , Dallaire-Demers Pierre-Luc
Published: August 2022

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are a central component of many variational quantum algorithms, yet there is a lack of understanding of how their parameterization impacts algorithm performance. We initiate this discussion by using principal bundles to geometrically characterize two-qubit PQCs. On the base manifold, we use the Mannoury-Fubini-Study metric to find a simple equation relating the Ricci scalar (geometry) and concurrence (entanglement). By calculating the Ricci scalar during a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) optimization process, this offers us a new perspective to how and why Quantum Natural Gradient outperforms the standard gradient descent. We argue that the key to the Quantum Natural Gradient's superior performance is its ability to find regions of high negative curvature early in the optimization process. These regions of high negative curvature appear to be important in accelerating the optimization process.
Pedoman Hakim Dalam Mengadili Permohonan Perkara Dispensasi Kawin Menurut PERMA No. 5 Tahun 2019
Authors: Ramadhani Putri , Abd. Gani Burhanuddin
Published: August 2022

In the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Applications for Marriage Dispensation, article 15 letter (d) states that examining a child for whom a marriage dispensation is requested may seek a recommendation from a psychologist or professional Social Worker Doctor/Midwife, Social Welfare Personnel, Integrated Service Center for the Protection of Women and Children (P2TP2A). , Indonesian/Regional Child Protection Commission (KPAI/KPAD). However, in reality the implementation of the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court's decision with Case number 5/Pdt.P/2021/Ms.Bna, the Judge granted the petition for a marriage dispensation by the applicant without fulfilling the conditions stated in article 15 in letter (d). In addition, in the community, parents who marry off their children have not reached the age stipulated by law, and without a recommendation letter from a doctor, even though it is very important for the reproductive health of the prospective bride. The question in this thesis research is the first dispensation for marriage according to PERMA No. 5 of 2019 concerning guidelines for adjudicating applications for dispensation for marriage against underage women, and the second consideration of the judges of the Banda Aceh syar'iyah court in granting requests for dispensation for marriage to underage women. This study uses a qualitative method. The results of the study found that the marriage dispensation according to PERMA No. 5 of 2019 regarding guidelines for adjudicating applications for dispensation for marriage is that the application can be submitted for those who are not of the age in accordance with statutory regulations no. 16 of 2019 regarding amendments to law no. 1 of 1974. And the judge's consideration in granting the application for dispensation for marriage without fulfilling the conditions stipulated in PERMA No. 5 of 2019 in article 15 letter d because these conditions are supporting conditions, this can be seen from the age of the applicant because of concerns that occur in the reproduction of the woman because she is still a minor.
Hukum Terhadap Hibah Harta Bersama Kepada Anak Hasil Nikah Siri
Authors: Amri Aulil
Published: August 2022

Artikel ini dilatar belakangi karena adanya kasus di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh dalam Putusan Nomor 283/Pdt.G/ 2019/ Ms.Bna tentang hibah yang bersumber dari harta bersama diberikan kepada anak hasil nikah siri. Padahal harta tersebut merupakan harta bersama antara suami istri sah yang di dapatkan selama masa perkawinan dengan istri sah dan di dalam harta tersebut masih ada sebagiannya hak istri sah atau istri pertama. Tetapi suami dan istri sirinya menghibahkan harta tersebut kepada anak hasil nikah sirinya tanpa memiliki izin dari istri pertama. Oleh karenanya, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti tentang bagaimana ketentuan fikih terhadap hibah harta bersama kepada anak hasil nikah siri, mengapa Majelis Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh menolak gugatan penggugat terhadap pembatalan hibah harta bersama kepada anak hasil nikah siri dan apakah yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hukumnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dan penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa ketentuan dalam fikih terhadap hibah harta bersama kepada anak hasil nikah siri adalah sah apabila ada izin daripada kedua belah pihak yang memiliki harta bersama tersebut. Apabila hibah harta bersama diberikan kepada anak hasil nikah siri tanpa ada izin dari salah satu pihak penghibah maka hibah itu tidak sah, karena syarat harta yang dihibahkan harus mil kultam yaitu harta milik sendiri tidak boleh menghibahkan harta orang lain. Majelis hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh menolak gugatan penggugat terhadap pembatalan hibah harta bersama kepada anak hasil nikah siri dalam putusan nomor 283/Pdt.G/2019/Ms.Bna adalah karena dalam perkara tersebut mengandung cacat formil yang mana penggugat mendudukan anak dibawah umur kedalam tergugat III, anak dibawah umur tidak memiliki legal standing sebagai pihak berperkara yaitu tidak memiliki kedudukan hukum. Oleh karena itu, hakim tidak dapat menerima perkara tersebut. Penggugat boleh mengajukan kembali gugatan pembatalan hibah harta bersama (gugatan baru)  dengan tidak mendudukan anak dibawah umur sebagai tergugat III, dengan itu baru hakim dapat memproses kembali perkara tersebut.
Pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum and neck emphysema due to rectal diverticulosis
Authors: Kurti Floreta , Cala Viola , Vyshka Gentian
Published: August 2022

A 55-year old Albanian female, under treatment for intestinal
diverticulosis, noted an increase in painful sensations in the lower
abdomen, as well as an unexpected sense of suffocation. 20 centimeters
from the anal margin a bleeding diverticulum approaching two centimeters
in diameter was noted, and a surgical intervention was decided.
A 128 Gbps PAM-4 feed forward equalizer with optimized 1UI pulse generator in 65nm CMOS
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Xu Hao , Wang Ziqiang , Jia Haikun , Jiang Hanjun , Zhang Chun , Wang Zhihua
Published: August 2022

This letter presents a 4-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) Feed
Forward Equalizer (FFE) with a novel Internal-Node-Charge-Controlled
1-Unit Interval Pulse Generator (INCC 1UIPG). Partially segmented
architecture and tailless 1-stage front-end are chose to reduce the
overall load capacitance for better bandwidth and power performance. The
proposed INCC 1UIPG adopts a 2-stage structure and precisely controls
the internal nodes, reducing average transition time by
~30% compared with the prior works. The wider bandwidth
and the faster transition edge allow the implementation of the equalizer
working at 128Gbps with a 0.39pJ/bit power efficiency and an area of
0.014mm2 in 65nm CMOS, which advance the state-of-the-art with a mature
technology.
Miniaturized Wideband and Directional antenna for 4G Base Station Application
Authors: Cai Qiang-Ming , rao shenglin , Chen Tang , Cao Xin , Tao Liu , Bo Pu , Huang Anfeng , Liu Mulin , Zhu Yuying , Zhu Yuyu , Fan Jun
Published: August 2022

A miniaturized wideband and directional antenna is proposed for 4G base
station applications. To improve the front-to-back ratio, and
miniaturization of the proposed antenna, a metal cavity reflector is
designed. One cross-shaped and four rectangular slots are etched at the
center and edge of the radiating patch respectively to improve the
isolation. The coupling feeding is achieved by Y-shaped stubs printed on
the top of the substrate. Moreover, the prototype of the antenna was
fabricated and tested. The measured results show that the antenna
achieves a bandwidths ( s11<-10 dB) of 50.4% from 1.63 GHz to
2.73 GHz. And an average isolation and front-to-back ratio (FBR) between
the two ports is about 30 dB and 20 dB whereas the cross polarization
level maintains lower than -12 dB across the entire operating band. The
half-power beam width (HPBW) of around 79±3° and average gain of 8.0±1.0
dBi during the operating band are also obtained. Due to the metal
cavity, compared with other antennas of the same type, the proposed
antenna has a smaller size. The antenna has a wide bandwidth, high
isolation, stable radiation patterns, ideal FBR and smaller size, so it
is suitable for 4G base station applications.
Growth of Solutions of Second Order Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Mehra Naveen , Saini Manisha , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we will prove that all non-trivial solutions of
$f’‘+A(z)f’+B(z)f=0$ are of infinite order, where we have some
restrictions on entire functions $A(z)$ and $B(z)$.
Host-specific soil microbes contribute to habitat restriction of closely related oaks (Quercus spp.)
Authors: Wu Yingtong , Brown Alicia , Ricklefs Robert
Published: August 2022

Habitat divergence among close relatives is a common theme in ecology.
While recent studies have frequently found that the abundance and
diversity of plant species are regulated by soil microbes, little is
known whether soil microbes can also affect the habitat distributions of
plants. To fill in this knowledge gap, we investigated whether
interactions with soil microbes restrict habitat distributions of
closely related oaks (Quercus spp.) in eastern North America. We
performed a soil inoculum experiment using two pairs of sister species
that show habitat divergence: Quercus alba (local species) vs. Q.
michauxii (foreign), and Q. shumardii (local) vs. Q. acerifolia
(foreign). To test whether host-specific soil microbes are responsible
for habitat restriction, we investigated the impact of local sister live
soil (containing soil microbes associated with local sister species) on
the survival and growth of local and foreign species. Secondly, to test
whether habitat-specific soil microbes are responsible for habitat
restriction, we also examined the effect of local habitat live soil
(containing soil microbes within local sister’s habitats, but not
directly associated with roots of local sister species) on the seedlings
of local and foreign species. We found that local sister live soil
decreased the survival and biomass of foreign species’ seedlings while
increased those of local species, which supports the roles of
host-specific microbes in mediating habitat exclusion. In contrast,
local habitat live soil did not differentially affect the survival or
biomass of the local vs. foreign sister species, providing no support
for the roles of habitat-specific microbes. Our study indicates that
soil microbes associated with one sister species can suppress the
recruitment of the other host species, contributing to habitat
partitioning of the closely related oaks. Our findings emphasize that
considering the complex interactions with soil microbes is essential for
understanding habitat distributions of closely related plants.
Too Big to Fail? -- An Aggressive Strategy For a Dire Problem
Authors: Perri Jennifer , Plichta Ryan
Published: August 2022

Tracheo-innominate fistula (TIF) is a reported complication of
tracheostomy that typically presents with a herald bleed. The phenomenon
of an aorto-tracheal fistula has similar pathology and presentation to
TIF, but no standard surgical repair. In the manuscript by Musgrove et
al. in the Journal of Cardiac Surgery the authors propose a surgical
treatment, that is reproduceable for the correct anatomic configuration
- an ascending and aortic arch replacement, pericardial patch of the
tracheal defect, and omental flap coverage to prevent infection. While
this intervention seems a large undertaking for a small defect, it is a
safe and durable repair.
Application of a Deep Learning Image Classifier for Identification of Amazonian Fishes
Authors: Robillard Alex , Trizna Mike , Ruiz-Tafur Kevin , Panduro Edgard Dávila , Santana C David de , White Alexander E. , Dikow Rebecca , Deichmann Jessica
Published: August 2022

1. Given the sharp increase in agricultural and infrastructure
development and the paucity of widespread data available for making
conservation management decisions, a more rapid and accurate tool for
identifying fish fauna in the world’s largest freshwater ecosystem, the
Amazon, is needed. 2. Current strategies for identification of
freshwater fishes require high levels of training and taxonomic
expertise for morphological identification or genetic testing for
species recognition at a molecular level. 3. To overcome these
challenges, we built an image masking model (U-Net) and a convolutional
neural net (CNN) to classify Amazonian fish in photographs. Fish used as
training data were collected and photographed in tributaries in
seasonally flooded forests of the upper Morona River valley in Loreto,
Peru in 2018 and 2019. 4. Species identifications in the training images
(n = 3,068) were verified by expert ichthyologists. These images were
supplemented with photographs taken of additional Amazonian fish
specimens housed in the ichthyological collection of the Smithsonian’s
National Museum of Natural History. 5. We generated a CNN model that
identified 33 genera of fishes with a mean accuracy of 97.9%. Wider
availability of accurate freshwater fish image recognition tools, such
as the one described here, will enable fishermen, local communities and
community scientists to more effectively participate in collecting and
sharing data from their territories to inform policy and management
decisions that impact them directly.
Nivolumab Versus Cetuximab In Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck. A Real-World Data Study
Authors: Rivas Lola Macía , Carbajales-Álvarez Mónica , Fernández-Laguna Clara , Álvarez-Asteinza Cristina , Maray-Mateos Iván , Lozano-Blázquez Ana
Published: August 2022

Aim Assess the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab versus cetuximab in
patients with R/M HNSCC, as well as to analyze possible prognostic
factors for response to treatment with nivolumab. Methods We conducted
an observational, retrospective, descriptive study of patients with R/M
HNSCC who initiated treatment with nivolumab or cetuximab monotherapy in
two periods of equivalent duration. Overall efficacy was measured in
progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS); safety was
evaluated using the CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse
Events) classification version 5.0 of the National Cancer Institute
(NCI). Results Median overall survival (OS) was 9.1 months with
nivolumab (n=34) vs. 6.3 months with cetuximab (n=12)(HR=0.5; 95%CI:
0.24-1.03; p=0.058). Progression free survival (PFS) were 4.3 for
nivolumab and 4.65 months for cetuximab (HR=0.59; 95%CI: 0.29-1.19;
p=0.14). Any grade adverse events (AEs) were reported in 97% and 100%
of the patients treated with nivolumab and cetuximab. Serious AEs were
observed in 26% and 58% of the patients respectively. Elevated albumin
values, lymphocytosis, neutropenia and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte
ratio values have positive prognostic value on the response to nivolumab
in R/M CCECC. Conclusion Effectiveness of nivolumab in terms of OS
remains superior to cetuximab. OS, PFS and severe or any grade AEs were
superior in both arms of our study than in the clinical trials. The AEs
profile of nivolumab differs in our study from the clinical trials’
observations. We have identified four positive statistically significant
prognostic variables on the response to nivolumab in R/M HNSCC.
Dyslipidemia and atherogenic indices in children with Transfusion dependent thalassemia
Authors: Ray Sanghamitra , Saikia Diganta , Yachika * , Sharma Shikha , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Manish
Published: August 2022

Objective- Assessment of lipid profile and atherogenic lipid
indices in children with transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) and to
compare them with matched healthy children. Method- The study
group consisted of total 72 patients of TDT aged between 3-14 years
while the control group had 83 age and sex matched healthy children.
Estimation of fasting lipid profile and lipid indices - atherogenic
index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I and II, atherogenic
coefficient were calculated and compared between the two groups.
Result – Compared to the control group, the mean LDL, HDL, and
cholesterol level were significantly lower among case group (P value
< 0.001). The mean VLDL and triglycerides were significantly
higher in case group (P value < 0.001). Lipid indices
including atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I and
II, atherogenic coefficients were significantly higher in TDT children.
Conclusion- Dyslipidemia and increased risk of atherosclerosis
were found in children of TDT as they had elevated atherogenic lipid
indices. Our study underlines the importance of routine use of these
indices in TDT children. Future studies should focus on lipid indices in
this high group of children so that preventive strategies can be planned
accordingly.
Epidural use for Neuropathic Pain Relief in a Guillain-Barré Syndrome Patient
Authors: Trollip Eudiet , Hawkins Ken , Kwek Isabel , Dewart Krista , Qureshi Mehvash , Senaratne Janek
Published: August 2022

Pain can be a challenging complication experienced by patients who have
Guillain- Barré Syndrome(GBS). Managing pain can be difficult and may
require the use of multiple agents and still may not treat pain. This
case report describes the use of an epidural to manage pain in a patient
with GBS.
The role of κ-opioid receptor-induced autophagy in stress-driven synaptic alterations
Authors: Karoussiotis Christos , Sotiriou Aggeliki , Polissidis Alexia , Symeonof Alexandra , Papavranoussi-Daponte Danai , Nikoletopoulou Vassiliki , Georgoussi Zafiroula
Published: August 2022

Recent evidence has shown that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are
direct sensors of the autophagic machinery and οpioid receptors regulate
neuronal plasticity and neurotransmission with an as yet unclarified
mechanism. Using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches, this
study aims to clarify the potential role of autophagy and κ-opioid
receptor (κ-OR) signaling on synaptic structure and integrity. We hereby
demonstrate that the selective κ-OR agonist U50,488H, induces autophagy
in a time-and dose-dependent manner in neuronal cells by upregulating
microtubule-associated protein Light Chain 3-II (LC3-II), Beclin 1 and
Autophagy Related Gene 5 (ATG5). Pretreatment of neuronal cells with
pertussis toxin blocked the above κ-OR-mediated cellular responses. Our
molecular analysis also revealed a κ-OR-driven upregulation of becn1
gene through ERK1,2-dependent activation of the transcription factor
CREB in neuronal cells. Moreover, our studies demonstrated that
sub-chronic U50,488H administration in mice causes profound increases of
specific autophagic markers in the hippocampus with a concomitant
decrease of several pre- and post-synaptic proteins such as spinophilin,
postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and synaptosomal associated
protein 25 (SNAP25). Finally, using acute stress, a stimulus known to
increase the levels of the endogenous κ-OR ligand dynorphin, we are
demonstrating that administration of the κ-ΟR selective antagonist,
nor-binaltorphimine (norBNI), blocks the induction of autophagy and the
stress-evoked reduction of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. These
findings provide novel insights about the essential role of autophagic
machinery into the mechanisms through which κ-OR signaling regulates
brain plasticity.
Optimal Temperature Management in Aortic Arch Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abjigitova Djamila , Notenboom Maximiliaan , Veen Kevin M. , Tussenbroek Gabriëlle van , Bekkers Jos , Mokhles Mostafa M. , Bogers Ad
Published: August 2022

Objectives: New temperature management concepts of moderate and
mild hypothermic circulatory arrest during aortic arch surgery have
gained weight over profound cooling. Comparisons of all temperature
levels have rarely been performed. We performed direct and indirect
comparisons of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) (≤20°C),
moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) (20.1°C to 25°C), and
mild hypothermic circulatory arrest (mild HCA) (≥25.1°C) in a network
meta-analysis. Methods: The literature was systematically
searched for all papers published through February 2022 reporting on
clinical outcomes after aortic arch surgery utilizing DHCA, MHCA and
mild HCA. The primary outcome was operative morality. The secondary
outcomes were postoperative stroke and acute kidney failure (AKI).
Results: A total of 34 studies were included, with a total of
12 370 patients. DHCA was associated with significantly higher
postoperative incidence of stroke when compared with MHCA (odds ratio
(OR), 1.46, 95% (confidence interval) CI, 1.19-1.78) and mild HCA: (OR,
1.50, 95% CI, 1.14-1.98). Furthermore, DHCA and MHCA were associated
with higher operative mortality when compared with mild HCA (OR 1.71,
95% CI, 1.23-2.39 and OR 1.50, 95% CI, 1.12-2.00, respectively).
Separate analysis of randomized and propensity score matched studies
showed sustained increased risk of stroke with DHCA in contrast to MHCA
and mild HCA (OR, 1.61, 95% CI, 1.18-2.20, P-value = 0.0029 and OR,
1.74, 95% CI, 1.09-2.77, P-value = 0.019). Conclusions: In the
included studies, the moderate to mild hypothermia strategies were
associated with decreased operative mortality and the risk of
postoperative stroke. Large-scale prospective studies are warranted to
further explore appropriate temperature management for the treatment of
aortic arch pathologies.
The macro determinants of the drop in Pakistan’s long run GDP growth
Authors: Ikram Rabia , Mahmood Moazam
Published: August 2022

This paper attempts to address the long-run determinants of trend GDP growth in Pakistan for years 1973 till 2017. The theoretical framework chosen has been the Keynesian general equilibrium framework of aggregate demand, decomposed into the macro aggregates of consumption, investment, government expenditures, exports and imports (Keynes, 1937). The analytical strategy we have used is to establish first whether there has been a discrete drop in GDP growth at any particular break date. Establishing a break date allows us to define two periods of GDP growth, a higher growth period, followed by a lower growth period. The determinants of GDP growth can then be established, by looking for correlated changes in their behavior between the two time periods. Our findings suggest that high GDP growth in the first phase, pre-1992, is explained by high investment growth. Paired with a Marginal Propensity to Consume in this phase which is low. Making this high GDP growth phase investment led. Low GDP growth in the second phase, post-1992, is now explained by low investment growth. Paired with a Marginal Propensity to Consume, in this phase which is higher. Making this phase consumption-led.
Two parameterized series representations for the digamma function
Authors: Alzer Horst , Choi Junesang
Published: August 2022

Numerous series representations for various special functions and
mathematical constants have been developed by many authors. The aim of this
article is to establish two parameterized series representations for the
digamma function that seem interesting due to their independence from the
given parameters. Among many particular cases of our two main findings, some
are covered in the examples.
Is Section 199A's Qualified Business Income Deduction Good Tax Policy?
Authors: Meade Janet A. , Shroff Arpita
Published: August 2022

The qualified business income deduction under Section 199A, which was enacted as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, was intended to provide a reduction in federal taxes for businesses operating as passthrough entities commensurate with the rate reduction allowed to corporations. While the Section 199A deduction does achieve its intended objective of reducing taxes on passthrough entities, it does so with unnecessary complexity. In this article, we briefly review the rules governing the deduction and evaluate it critically against nine principles of good tax policy. Our evaluation reveals shortcomings in the structure of the deduction that prevent it from achieving the goals of equity, certainty, convenience, administrative effectiveness, simplicity, neutrality, efficiency, compliance, and revenue predictability. However, with respect to the principle of visibility, the deduction succeeds.
Nontargeted and Targeted Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Novel Metabolite Biomarkers of Incident Diabetes in African Americans
Authors: Chen Zsu-Zsu , Pacheco Julian Avila , Gao Yan , Deng Shuliang , Peterson Bennet , Shi Xu , Zheng Shuning , Tahir Usman A. , Katz Daniel H. , Cruz Daniel E. , Ngo Debby , Benson Mark D. , Robbins Jeremy M. , Guo Xiuqing , del Rocio Sevilla Gonzalez Magdalena , Manning Alisa , Correa Adolfo , Meigs James B. , Taylor Kent D. , Rich Stephen S. , Goodarzi Mark O. , Rotter Jerome I. , Wilson James G. , Clish Clary B. , Gerszten Robert E.
Published: August 2022

Nontargeted metabolomics methods have increased potential to identify new disease biomarkers, but assessments of the additive information provided in large human cohorts by these less biased techniques are limited. To diversify our knowledge of diabetes-associated metabolites, we leveraged a method that measures 305 targeted or “known” and 2,342 nontargeted or “unknown” compounds in fasting plasma samples from 2,750 participants (315 incident cases) in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS)—a community cohort of self-identified African Americans—who are underrepresented in omics studies. We found 307 unique compounds (82 known) associated with diabetes after adjusting for age and sex at a false discovery rate of <0.05 and 124 compounds (35 known, including 11 not previously associated) after further adjustments for BMI and fasting plasma glucose. Of these, 144 and 68 associations, respectively, replicated in a multiethnic cohort. Among these is an apparently novel isomer of the 1-deoxyceramide Cer(m18:1/24:0) with functional geonomics and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, known and unknown metabolites provided complementary information (median correlation ρ = 0.29), and their inclusion with clinical risk factors improved diabetes prediction modeling. Our findings highlight the importance of including nontargeted metabolomics methods to provide new insights into diabetes development in ethnically diverse cohorts.
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Is Associated With Increased Glucose Variability in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Naaman Sara H. , Mizrak Hatice I. , Lind Nanna , Laursen Jens C. , Kufaishi Huda , Christensen Marie M.B. , Ranjan Ajenthen G. , Nørgaard Kirsten , Hansen Christian S.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the association between the cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) diagnosis and glucose variability (GV) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), as autonomic dysfunction previously has been associated with increased GV.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

CAN was assessed by three recommended cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs). Glucose metrics were obtained from 10-day blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Between-group differences in GV indices were assessed by regression analyses in 24 participants with T1D with CAN and 24 matched control subjects without CAN.

RESULTS

The CAN diagnosis was associated with 4.9% (95% CI 1.0, 8.7) higher coefficient of variation (CV) (P = 0.014), 0.7 mmol/L (0.3, 1.1) higher SD (P = 0.002) of glucose, and 1.4 mmol/mol (0.0, 2.7) higher mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (P = 0.047). Lower measures of CARTs were associated with higher CV, SD, and time above range values.

CONCLUSIONS

The CAN diagnosis associates with a significantly higher GV in T1D, despite a high prevalence of routine CGM use.
Cardiac Autonomic Nerve Dysfunction Predicts Incident Retinopathy and Early Kidney Dysfunction in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Velayutham Vallimayil , Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Craig Maria , Cho Yoon Hi , Liew Gerald , Donaghue Kim
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) may contribute to vascular complications in diabetes. We hypothesized that adolescents with CAN are at greater risk of diabetic retinopathy and early kidney dysfunction.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this prospective longitudinal study of 725 adolescents with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy and albuminuria at baseline, early CAN was defined as one or more abnormalities in seven heart rate tests derived from a 10-min electrocardiogram. Retinopathy was defined as the presence of one or more microaneurysms, early kidney dysfunction as an albumin excretion rate (AER) >7.5 μg/min, and albuminuria as an AER >20 μg/min. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between CAN and retinopathy or early kidney dysfunction. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess cumulative risks of incident retinopathy and albuminuria.

RESULTS

At baseline, the mean age of the sample was 13.6 ± 2.6 years, 52% were male, and mean diabetes duration was 6.1 ± 3.3 years. Over a median follow-up of 3.8 (interquartile range 2.2–7.5) years, the complication rate 27% for retinopathy, 16% for early kidney dysfunction, and 3% for albuminuria. The mean study HbA1c was 72.3 ± 16 mmol/mmol (8.6 ± 1.4%). CAN predicted incident retinopathy (odds ratio 2.0 [95% CI 1.4, 2.9]) and early kidney dysfunction (1.4 [1.0, 2.0]) after adjusting for HbA1c and diabetes duration. CAN also predicted retinopathy (hazard ratio 1.57 [95% CI 1.09, 2.26]) and albuminuria (2.30 [1.05, 5.04]) independently of HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS

CAN predicted incident retinopathy and kidney dysfunction in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, likely reflecting autonomic microvascular dysregulation contributing to complications. Therefore, screening and interventions to reduce CAN may influence the risk of complications.
Dapagliflozin Improves the Urinary Proteomic Kidney-Risk Classifier CKD273 in Type 2 Diabetes with Albuminuria: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Curovic Viktor Rotbain , Eickhoff Mie Klessen , Rönkkö Teemu , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Hansen Tine Willum , Mischak Harald , Rossing Peter , Ahluwalia Tarunveer Singh , Persson Frederik
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on the kidney-risk urinary proteomic classifier (CKD273) in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and albuminuria.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial, we assigned participants with T2D and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g to receive dapagliflozin or matching placebo added to guideline-recommended treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02914691). Treatment periods lasted 12 weeks, when crossover to the opposing treatment occurred. The primary outcome was change in CKD273 score. Secondary outcomes included regression from high-risk to low-risk CKD273 pattern using the prespecified cutoff score of 0.154. The primary outcome was assessed using paired t test between end-to-end CKD273 scores after dapagliflozin and placebo treatment. The McNemar test was used to assess regression in risk category.

RESULTS

A total of 40 participants were randomized and 32 completed the trial with intact proteomic measurements. Twenty-eight (88%) were men, the baseline mean (SD) age was 63.0 (8.3) years, mean (SD) diabetes duration was 15.4 (4.5) years, mean HbA1c was 73 (14) mmol/mol (8.8% [1.3%]), and median (interquartile range) UACR was 154 (94, 329) mg/g. Dapagliflozin significantly lowered CKD273 score compared with placebo (−0.221; 95% CI −0.356, −0.087; P = 0.002). Fourteen participants exhibited a high-risk pattern after dapagliflozin treatment compared with 24 after participants placebo (P = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONS

Dapagliflozin added to renin-angiotensin system inhibition reduced the urinary proteomic classifier CKD273 in persons with T2D and albuminuria, paving the way for the further investigation of CKD273 as a modifiable kidney risk factor.
First STEPS: Primary Outcomes of a Randomized, Stepped-Care Behavioral Clinical Trial for Parents of Young Children with New Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Hilliard Marisa E. , Tully Carrie , Monaghan Maureen , Hildebrandt Tom , Wang Christine H. , Barber John R. , Clary Lauren , Gallagher Katherine , Levy Wendy , Cogen Fran , Henderson Celia , Karaviti Lefkothea , Streisand Randi
Published: August 2022

  

Objective: Despite the emotional challenges of parental adjustment to a child’s type 1 diabetes diagnosis and the unique complexities of early childhood, there are few programs designed to meet the needs of parents of young children at new-onset. This study evaluated First STEPS, a stepped-care behavioral intervention designed to support parents’ psychosocial functioning and promote children’s glycemic outcomes.

Research Design and Methods: Using a two-site randomized clinical trial design, parents (n=157) of children age 1-6 years completed baseline data within 2 months of diabetes diagnosis and were randomized to intervention (n=115) or usual care (n=42) for 9 months. Intervention steps included: (1) peer parent coaching, with step-ups to (2) structured behavioral counseling, and (3) professional consultations with a diabetes educator and psychologist, based on parent mood and child HbA1c. Participants completed follow-ups at 9- and 15-months post-randomization. Primary outcomes were parent depressive symptoms and child HbA1c.

Results: Depressive symptoms improved in both groups, and intervention parents had significantly lower depressive symptoms at 9- and 15-month follow-ups compared to usual care. HbA1c decreased in both groups, but there were no between-group differences at 9- or 15-months. 

Conclusions: FIRST Steps improved parents’ mood following young children’s type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Results indicate likely benefits of parent coach support, supplemented by intervention intensifications including behavioral intervention and diabetes education. This model has high potential for patient engagement. The absence of a medical intervention component may explain null findings for HbA1c; incorporating targeted behavioral support for intensive diabetes treatment may maximize intervention impact. 
MENGANGKAT SANG PEMIMPIN Tradisi Peresmian Batagak Penghulu Persukuan Kaum Jambak Arau di Kabupaten Agam
Authors: Mendrawati Lidia , Alpizar Alpizar , Jamrah Suryan A. , Husni Dardiri , Nur Saleh
Published: August 2022

Penelitian membahas tentang tata cara pelaksanaan serta nilai-nilai yang ada pada Upacara Adat Batagak Penghulu di Jorong Bukik Apik Nagari Padang Tarok, Kec. Baso, Kab. Agam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini didukung informan (narasumber) untuk lebih memperdalam hasil peneltian yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti terlebih dahulu. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian tersebut digunakan untuk mendukung keabsahan dari data yang telah diperoleh. Sebagai penemuan lapangan ini adalah: (1) tata cara) Peresmian Batagak Penghulu Persukuan Kaum Jambak Arau di Jorong Bukik Apik Nagari Padang Tarok, Kec. Baso, Kab. Agam. (2) nilai-nilai filosofi, agama, dan norma yang ada didalam upacara adat Batagak Panghulu. Upacara Adat Batagak Penghulu tidak dilaksanakan setiap tahun, melainkan terlaksananya apabila ada Uzur yang melatar belakanginya. Peresmian Batagak Penghulu ini mengandung beberapa nilai yaitu: nilai sosial, nilai budaya, nilai kekeluargaan serta nilai agama.
Cryptocurrency and its Effect on the Electric Grid
Authors: P. Resch  , C. Schroeder  , A. Pourmovahed  , K. Brinker Brouwer
Published: August 2022

Since the anonymous person or group known as Satoshi Nakamoto created Bitcoin in 2008, interest in the cryptocurrency has grown exponentially. In the past 14 years, thousands of additional cryptocurrencies have been created, some still active while others have faded into obscurity. Investors have flocked to cryptocurrencies for a variety of reasons from technology to decentralization to a hedge against inflation to simply chasing profits. For all the proponents that Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have, they also have their share of critics. Recently, many people around the world have criticized cryptocurrencies for the amount of energy that they consume for new coins to be mined. This article aims to assess current data regarding energy usage for mining cryptocurrencies as well as, understand what actions are being taken to reduce the carbon footprint of these cryptocurrency mining activities around the world.
Optimal location of Power Quality Monitors in distribution grids based on MRA methodology
Authors: V. Ferreira  , A. Cerveira  , J. Baptista
Published: August 2022

Distribution grids currently face news paradigms where Power Quality (PQ) has become one of the most important aspects for distribution system operators (DSO) and consumers. To ensure a PQ within the limits defined by international standards, there is a permanent need to monitor all parameters associated with the distributed voltage by the grid. This task is carried out using the installation of Power Quality Monitors (PQM) at strategic points of the grid. The main aim of this paper is to define a methodology to optimize the best location for the PQM installation. To achieve this target the Monitor Reach Area (MRA) matrix is calculated and an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) optimization model was used to find the best solution. Two case studies were carried out, in which residual voltage values were observed when three-phase short circuits are applied to all nodes. The results obtained show the good effectiveness of the developed method, presenting solutions that allow the total monitoring of the studied networks, using the smallest possible number of PQMs. In this way, it is possible for the DSO to keep the network monitored in real-time with huge efficiency gains.
Hydrogen capacity for use in public transportation using the excess electricity generated by photovoltaics from rooftops in the urban area of Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: A. Ma Antonia Cevallos Escandón  , B. Edgar Antonio BarraganEscandón  , Esteban Zalamea-León  , Xavier Serrano-Guerrero
Published: August 2022

The drawback of renewable technologies is the lack of coupling with energy demand, to reduce these drawbacks is by applying hydrogen as an energy vector. Hydrogen obtained from renewable energy sources could be stored and used when required, directly or in fuel cells. This work focuses on determining the hydrogen potential that can be obtained using photovoltaic plants in urban areas. In the city of Cuenca, with the renewal of the public transport vehicle fleet, it was reduced to 475 units, which emit 112 tons of CO2 and burn 11,175 gallons of diesel per day. The analysis determines the photovoltaic energy that is produced by implementing photovoltaic panels in the Historic Center of Cuenca, Ecuador. With this it is determined that the electrical energy produced is 5.5 times the demand of the study area. With the energy surplus, it was determined that energy would be available that would cover between 97% and 127% of the demand required to mobilize the total urban buses. There are advantages such as the reduction of emissions or the increase in the quality of life, but the economic and technological aspects could be barriers to the implementation of these in the medium or short term.
System of providing safe navigation
Authors: Sibilev Vadim Alekseevich
Published: August 2022

Safety is an important condition for effective navigation. The prescriptive approach to navigational safety currently used in the global maritime industry is based on many years of experience and the results of the investigation of ship accidents and the improvement of existing guidelines and regulations. There exist a great number of research works, scientific articles, legislative acts, manuals and recommendations on maritime safety, but they are characterized by the pronounced heterogeneity and based on different assumptions and foundations. This phenomenon of heterogeneity and inconsistency is associated with the lack of a single legislative definition that reflects all aspects of safety in maritime transport. The term “security aspect” refers to one of the sides of the object under consideration, a point of view. Of particular relevance is a holistic description of the term of safety in the maritime industry, which will eliminate discrepancies and will help clarify the current terms related to maritime safety. The analysis of guiding documents on the navigation safety and systematization of the terminological apparatus were carried out. After the adoption of the International Safety Management Code all activities related to navigation safety have been transferred to a higher quality level. The search for and development of new approaches and methods for preventing ship accidents during their operation are becoming increasingly important. Today, the concept of maritime security is not formed and is not described sufficiently. The relationship between the concepts of safe navigation and navigational security is considered. The concept of a navigational safety system is proposed.
Analysis of harmful discharges into hydrosphere from Yanmar D27 diesel outboard motor
Authors: Pokusaev Mikhail Nikolaevich , Khmelnitskaya Anastasia Aleksandrovna , Khmelnitsky Konstantin Evgenievich , Gorbachev Maxim Michailovich , Ilyina Elena Georgievna
Published: August 2022

The article considers the necessity of studying the atmosphere and hydrosphere pollution due to the operation of marine transport engines and the introduction of relevant regulatory documents in the Russian Federation is substantiated. Today the problems of harmful emissions into the environment are considered haphazardly, there are few foreign authors studying the problem. Since 2016, the environmental characteristics of outboard motors in laboratory and scientific conditions have been studied at the Department of Water Transport Operation at the Astrakhan State Technical University. The results of practical measurements of harmful discharges into the hydrosphere from the Yanmar D2 outboard motor are presented. General characteristics of the Yanmar D2 engine are listed (rated power, rated speed, number of cylinders, fuel used, etc.), the general view of the outboard motor is illustrated. A detailed description of the laboratory equipment is given and the technical characteristics of control and measuring instruments (concentrator KN-3 and spectrophotometer PE-5400VI) are listed. It is pointed out that the small experimental pool of the laboratory has patents for a utility model; a schematic diagram of the pool is given. New data on discharges of film and dissolved petroleum products, phosphate ions and total phosphorus into the hydrosphere have been obtained, empirical formulas for calculating the expected level of discharges from a diesel outboard motor depending on its operation time have been developed.
Analyzing operability of silicone dampers of torsional vibrations in marine internal combustion engines based on results of Testing Center Marine Technology Service
Authors: Ibadullaev Adel Damirovich , Sibryaev Konstantin Olegovich , Stukalov Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: August 2022

The article presents the analysis results of changes in the operability of silicone dampers of torsional vibrations of marine diesel engines on the basis of practical measurements carried out by the Testing Center Marine Technology Service under the Astrakhan State Technical University (TC MTS). TC MTS is accredited by the Russian classification society - the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS) in the field of calculation and measurement of torsional vibrations. During its functioning (2001 – to date) the TC MTS has conducted torsiographing procedures of the machine-propulsion systems (MPS) of more than 200 vessels. The large amount of data obtained makes it possible to assess the dynamics of changes in the parameters of torsional vibrations, including amplitude and frequency, according to the results of periodic torsiographing the ship MPS. A change in the technical condition of the torsional vibration damper (a decrease in the efficiency of its operation) and the lack of its constant monitoring lead to the increasing stresses in the ship shaft line and, as a result, to a growing risk of its breakdown, which confirms the urgency of the study. There are given the images as real examples of ship operation failure: Aratere ship shaft fracture, damper mass wedging due to silicone fluid leakage, silicone fluid viscosity increasing to suspension state due to wear products, wear of silicone damper flyweight surfaces, silicone damper body wear. The Hasse & Wrede damper cap fastening with bolts is illustrated.