bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of custom in modern International Law: With reference to the role of the International Law Commission
Authors: Stevanović Anđelija
Published: February 2025

Custom, along with international treaties, is considered one of the main sources of international law, according to Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Their flexibility and adaptability to both older and newer demands of international law have established and maintained them in that position. In the introductory part of the paper, the author aims to present custom as a source of international law and illustrate the significance that customs hold. Then, in the second part, the focus shifts to the elements of custom - the practice of subjects of international law and the awareness of legal obligation - and analyzes the formation of customary rules. The author also discusses new ways of expressing the elements of custom and the influence of international organizations, particularly the United Nations, on the formation and identification of custom in recent decades, considering the development of international law itself and the emergence of new demands. The role of the General Assembly in forming the awareness of legal obligation and how its work affects the formation of custom in modern international law is also examined. The author pays special attention to the work of the International Law Commission, examining its contribution to the identification of customary rules, given its creative role in modern international law.
Monocyte/HDL-cholesterol ratio as an early prognostic marker of pregnancy complications development
Authors: Vulić Jovana , Radojković Jelena , Vekić Jelena , Stefanović Aleksandra , Ardalić Daniela , Miković Željko , Gojković Tamara , Munjas Jelena , Zeljković Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Pregnancy complications increase the long-term cardiovascular risk for both the mother and the child. Inflammation is a common mechanism underlying the development of pregnancy complications and atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate whether the monocyte/HDL cholesterol ratio can serve as a predictive marker for the risk of pregnancy complications. A total of 84 pregnant women participated in this study, 41 of whom had a normal pregnancy course, while 43 experienced complications. Lipid status parameters were measured using enzymatic methods and total blood count was measured using a hematology analyzer. In the first trimester of pregnancies with complications we observed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (P < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.01) and triglycerides (P < 0.001) compared to pregnancies without complications, whereas no differences were observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Pregnant women with complications had a significantly higher proportion of monocytes throughout the entire pregnancy, and lower concentrations of HDL-C in the second trimester (P < 0.05). The risk of developing complications in pregnancy was 11 times higher if the monocyte/HDL-C ratio was elevated in the first trimester (OR: 11.42; 95% CI: 4.05-32.19; P < 0.001). Our results indicate that monocyte/HDL-C ratio could be used as a simple and cost-effective early prognostic biomarker of pregnancy complications.
The spillovers of U.S. monetary policy shocks on CESEE countries: A GVAR analysis
Authors: Todorović Ivana , Nedeljković Milan
Published: February 2025

This paper studies the effects of policy tightening by the Federal Reserve System (Fed) on Central, Eastern and Southeastern European (CESEE) countries. To this end, the Global Vector Autoregressive Model (GVAR) was estimated, capturing the interlinkages between the economies based on trade flows. The obtained results indicate that U.S. policy tightening can have non-negligible effects on the real activity and financial conditions in CESEE economies. While the short-term effects on relatively persistent inflation may be beneficial in some of these countries, the primary risk moving forward comes from the negative impacts on the real sector. These arise from the contraction in the U.S. and Eurozone economies, as well as spillovers leading to higher interest rates in CESEE countries. The negative effects are particularly pronounced in countries with a higher level of foreign currency liabilities.
Biomarkers of inflammatory asthma phenotypes
Authors: Plavšić Aleksandra , Tomić-Spirić Vesna
Published: February 2025

Asthma is characterized by heterogeneity and variability in pathophysiologic mechanisms , clinical presentation, therapy response, and exacerbations. It is defined as a syndrome that is compromised by different endotypes and phenotypes. A phenotype evolves all asthma features and characteristics and should be determined in every single asthma patient, providing a personalized therapy approach. Based on induced sputum analysis, that corresponds with airway inflammation, there are 4 different inflammatory phenotypes: eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed and paucigranulocytic. There are two phenotypes based on key molecular asthma attributes: Type T2 (T2) and non-Type 2 (non T2). Biomarkers have a big and important role in defining phenotype, and they should be easily accessible and indicate pathophysiological processes and clinical response to therapy. Currently, there are no precise established T2 phenotype biomarkers, however, eosinophils, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), IgE have the biggest potential for T2 phenotype determination and have been largely investigated, while non T2 biomarkers are not described. Phenotypes may overlap and change over time which makes determining biomarkers, as a complete indicator of all phenotype features, very difficult and demanding. Induced sputum is a key method for inflammatory phenotypes determination and should be incorporated into everyday practice, considering that this would lead to more precise asthma diagnosis and personalized treatment. At the same time, biomarkers evaluation presents a great challenge in future research, given the high asthma variability.
Frequency of distress symptoms in the population of medical students and their relationship with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Joković Nikola , Kojović Natalija , Mandić-Maravić Vanja , Marić Nađa
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Studies have indicated that symptoms of distress are more prevalent in students than in the general population, and even more prevalent among students with pronounced symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, with cumulative evidence of its presence in adults as well. Based on the literature knowledge, similar studies haven't been conducted on the student population in the Republic of Serbia thus far. Aim: The aims of this study are to examine the connection between distress symptoms and the presence of ADHD symptoms in the studied population of students, and to examine the characteristics of the most pronounced distress symptoms in the group of ADHD-screening positive students. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 404 students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, with an average age of 21.8 ± 1.9 years, of which 78.7% were female. The assessment included the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v1.1), Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-6 (GAD-6) and Patient Health Questionnare-4 (PHQ-4) self-report scales and a questionnaire for socio-demographic, psychotropic drug use, and heredity of ADHD. Results: All ADHD-screening positive students had significantly more pronounced symptoms of distress compared to other students (p < 0.001). All symptoms, except suicidal tendencies , are more pronounced in the group of screening-positive students (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in the use of psychotropic drugs or heredity between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A high frequency of distress symptoms was shown in our sample of students. The ADHD-screening positive group of students had more pronounced distress symptoms, and the most pronounced symptom was the feeling of fatigue and lack of energy. Recognising the symptoms of ADHD in the youth population can be significant in terms of preventing symptoms of distress, primarily affecting the will and mood, which can positively affect the functionality of these persons.
Analysis of drugs effects on QTc interval prolongation in critically ill patients in intensive care units
Authors: Golić Slavko , Gojković Tijana , Dadić Maja , Despotović Jelica , Popadić Višeslav , Todorović Zoran
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The QTc interval is considered extended if its duration is longer than 460 ms for men, or 470 ms for women. Its prolongation is an often-underdiagnosed condition with a higher prevalence than clinicians realize. Numerous drugs can prolong the QTc interval. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of drug interactions on prolonging the QTc interval in critically ill patients. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study with retrospective data collection of adult patients admitted to one of the three intensive care units (ICU) of the Clinical Hospital Center "Bezanijska kosa" from April to September 2022. To identify risk factors for the development of a prolonged QTc interval, patient variables were compared between patients with prolonged and those with normal QTc intervals. Results: A number of 166 patients of average age 70.7 ± 12.2 years were included in the study of whom 45.2% were women. The overall prevalence of QTc prolongation was 42.8% (71/166; 95% CI = 35.1%-50.7%). When analyzed by gender, the prevalence was 50.5% (95% CI = 39.9%-61.2%) in men and 33.3% (95% CI = 22.9%-45.2%) in women. The difference between men and women was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). During their stay in the ICU, 32 patients (19.3%, 95% CI = 13.6%-26.1%) were prescribed two drugs known to be associated with QTc interval prolongation. Among patients with prolonged QTc intervals, 27 out of 32 (84.4%, 95% CI = 67.2%-94.7%) received these drugs, compared to 5 out of 32 patients (15.6%, 95% CI = 5.3%-32.8%) with normal QTc interval duration who received the same drugs. Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of prolonged QTc interval in critically ill patients and pointed to the most likely existence of a higher risk of its prolongation when drugs whose interaction can lead to its prolongation are used at the same time.
Análise temporal da mortalidade materna por COVID-19 no Brasil em 2022 e 2023: estudo transversal
Authors: Santos Gustavo Gonçalves dos , Vidotti Giovana Aparecida Gonçalves , Gil Beatriz María Bermejo , Pedraza Leticia López
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar a mortalidade e a evolução clínica de mulheres em idade reprodutiva (gestantes e puérperas) com COVID-19 no Brasil durante os anos de 2022 e 2023. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, baseado em dados secundários do Observatório Obstétrico Brasileiro de COVID-19 (OOBr). Foram incluídos registros de mulheres hospitalizadas com diagnóstico de COVID-19, abrangendo informações demográficas, clínicas e gestacionais. As análises envolveram estatísticas descritivas e bivariadas, considerando um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: As mulheres na faixa etária de 20-34 anos e com ensino médio predominaram entre os casos. Quanto à cor da pele, indígenas e pretas apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade, enquanto as brancas foram maioria em números absolutos. Regionalmente, a maior concentração foi no Sudeste, e a menor, no Norte. O terceiro trimestre gestacional exibiu o menor risco relativo (RR=0,067; p=0,011853), seguido pelo período puerpério (RR=0,075). A hospitalização em UTI e a necessidade de ventilação invasiva foram associadas a maior risco relativo. A evolução para óbito mostrou-se significativa (RR=0,128; p=0,047329), destacando a gravidade em casos críticos. Conclusão: Mulheres em idade reprodutiva continuam sendo um grupo vulnerável à COVID-19, especialmente aquelas com fatores de risco como cardiopatias e obesidade. Há necessidade de estratégias preventivas e assistência especializada para reduzir a mortalidade materna.
Local Management of Federal Grants: Determinants of Awards and Government Capacity
Authors:   Cornell University, Aldag Austin
Published: February 2025

A key interaction between federal and local governments comes from intergovernmental transfers and grants-in-aid. Popular grant programs include Community Development Block Grants (CDBGs) and Federal Transportation Formula Grants. Intergovernmental grants are a critical tool for local development, planning, and sustainable public finance. However, many funds awarded to local governments are difficult to spend, with some remaining unspent after the grant cycle. This study examines the factors that help determine the success of federal grant awards at the local level, and the drivers of local governmental capacity in grant management. A survey of 243 local government units was conducted to answer these important questions. A logistic regression that predicts localities’ ability to obtain at least one grant shows that grants are targeted to places with higher levels of local need, larger localities, and capacity, which also drive grant awards. Furthermore, a factor analysis shows that several descriptive elements of grant management capacity statistically cluster together. An OLS regression on these drivers of governmental capacity shows that larger places and previous experience in obtaining grants are positively associated with grant management capacity in local governments.
Primeros registros de anidación de la alondra cornuda (Eremophila alpestris peregrina) en Colombia
Authors: Botía-Becerra Jorge , Echeverry-Galvis María Ángela
Published: February 2025

Eremophila alpestris is a widely distributed species in temperate zones, with a single tropical population restricted to the high elevation plateau of Cundinamarca and Boyacá in Colombia. This population constitutes a distinct subspecies E. a. peregrina, which is considered endangered. We present the first nesting records for this subspecies from the area of the La Copa Reservoir, Boyacá Department, where we found four nests with eggs and chicks in April 2005. We also describe information on a nest and egg deposited in a museum collection. The general characteristics of the nests agree with those reported for Holarctic populations, although clutch size is smaller than in populations at higher latitudes.
Ecología del barbudito de páramo (Oxypogon guerinii, Trochilidae) en el páramo de Siscunsí, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Salamanca-Reyes J. Ricardo
Published: February 2025

During one year I studied a population of Oxypogon guerinii in the Páramo de Siscunsí, Boyacá, Colombia, including its interaction with 19 plant species and its tactics for foraging for arthropods. O. guerinii displayed a preference for the flowers of Espeletia spp. (frailejones) and Brachyotum strigosum, which inhabits the supáramo and ecotonal areas. I observed a peak of flowering in the páramo during the months of greatest precipitation (April to October), while in the dry season (November to February) flowers were very scarce. To survive the period of flower scarcity, O. guerinii visited entomophilous flowers different from the frailejones and apparently emigrated to adjacent páramos and high Andean forest. The molt commenced in August and apparently continued through the period of absence from Siscunsí, ending in May. Reproduction probably commenced in May and peaked in August, when I found three active nests. I recorded five tactics for foraging for arthropods.
Obstacles to Social Innovation: The Toxic Politics and the Wicked Problem of the Isolated African Nations
Authors:   Department of Economic and Management Sciences, Banda Douglas
Published: February 2025

The articles on toxic politics explore how isolated African nations navigate development while implementing policies with potential, rather than focusing on politics that rely on the capture of governance through the manipulation of controversy and knowledge. This article examines forms of ineffective change rooted in the toxic politics of various institutions, as opposed to the achievement of governance goals in African states.
The objectives of this article are threefold. First, it seeks to define toxic politics within the context of both authoritarian and fertilized regimes. Second, it aims to understand the reproduction of power and justice in instances where power is abused across state institutions. Third, it explores how toxic politics influences diversity, emphasizing the need to amplify urgency and action in addressing polluted political systems. To achieve these objectives, qualitative methods were employed to analyze data from existing literature published by various scholars and academics. The findings of this article contribute to identifying solutions for addressing the toxic politics challenges in different African states.
أسباب عزوف النحالين اليمنيين عن استخدام الخلايا الحديثة
Authors: Al-Adimi Taha Y. , Al-Samawi Ahmed A.
Published: February 2025

استهدف البحث بشكل رئيس التعرف على تحديد أسباب عزوف النحالين عن استخدام الخلايا الحديثة في ثلاث من المحافظات الرئيسة في إنتاج العسل, والتعرف على مدى إمكانية إدخال الخلايا الحديثة في أوساط النحالين في هذه المحافظات. وأجري البحث على عينة مكونة من 100 نحال ممن أمضوا سنتان فأكثر في مهنة النحالة في المحافظات الثلاث المختارة يتوزعون على تسع مديريات وذلك عن طريق الاستبيان وجمع البيانات أثناء المقابلة الشخصية لكل مبحوث على حدة، وذلك خلال الفترة سبتمبر – نوفمبر 2020.
وقد أوضحت النتائج أن أهم أسباب عدم انتشار الخلايا الحديثة هي: عدم توفرها في الأسواق المحلية بنسبة 47% من المبحوثين، وعدم المعرفة باستخدامها (46%)، ولأنها غالية الثمن (44%)، ولأنها تنفتح أثناء النقل (31%)، ولأنها ثقيلة الوزن (22%). ولأنها تتطلب وقت أطول في العمل بها (16%), وعدم اليقين في نجاحها (14%), وقد أجاب 18% منهم بـ (لا أدري). كما أوضحت النتائج أن نسبة مستخدمي الخلايا الحديثة لم يتعدى 12% من إجمالي المبحوثين، وأن أهم مشاكل استخدام الخلايا الحديثة لديهم هي: إضافة الأساسات الشمعية (58.3% من المستخدمين)، وتربية واستبدال الملكات (50%)، وتنفتح أثناء النقل (50%)، وتحتاج لوقت أطول في العمل (25% )، وضعف النحل(25%)، وأنها ثقيلة الوزن(16.7%).
وتوضح النتائج السابقة أن أهم أسباب عدم استخدام الخلايا الحديثة تتمثل في نقص المعارف الأساسية في كيفية استخدامها. كما تشير النتائج عموماً إلى وجود فجوة في العمل الإرشادي وفي برامج التدريب في مجال تطوير تربية النحل في منطقة البحث. الأمر الذي يقتضي العمل على إيجاد برامج إرشادية وتدريبية لتحديث قطاع تربية النحل.
كلمات مفتاحية: عزوف - نحل العسل – التبني - استخدام - الخلايا الحديثة.
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of some gabbroic intrusions invaded the basement rocks from Al-Maqatirah and Al-Ahkum areas, SE Taiz, Republic of Yemen
Authors: Nasher Mukhtar , A. Sultan Hussein
Published: February 2025

The Al-Maqatirah and Al-Ahkum areas are located in SE of Taiz within the southwestern outcrops of the basement rocks of Yemen, which represent the southern extension of the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS). This paper focuses on the study of gabbroic intrusions that have invaded these basement rocks in these areas. These gabbroic intrusions were unmetamorphosed, variably altered, and sometimes affected by Na-rich fluid fluxes. They exhibit many types of textures and structures, and according to the abundance and appearance of major mineral constituents, these gabbroic rocks are classified into several types. Chemically, these gabbroic intrusions are classified as low-Ti intrusions generated from low-Ti magma, which is characteristic of an intra oceanic island arc setting and formed in a subduction zone setting by partial melting and re-melting of a depleted peridotite mantle source. However, some samples show indications of subsurface mixing of contemporaneous magma batches with low Ti and high Ti compositions. The major element compositions of these gabbroic rocks reflect their derivation from primitive magma subjected to significant degrees of fractional crystallization. These gabbroic intrusions have an ocean island basalt (OIB) signature and transitional character of magma from alkaline to sub-alkaline (tholeiitic) magma series, which indicate their derivation by variable degrees of partial melting of the mantle source at various depths during the change from arc to intraplate setting. The OIB signature of these mafic intrusions suggests lithospheric attenuation and significant upwelling of the asthenosphere caused by continental rifting, which mostly occurs during the formation of the Arabian lithosphere. Finally, the studied gabbroic intrusions can be compared with similar gabbroic intrusions in the Arabian-Nubian shield from Saudi Arabia, which are emplaced post-collision at the end of the Pan-African Orogeny and generated from mafic magma derived from a peridotite mantle source.
Big Data Formation, Reduction, and Its Impact on Sampling: A survey
Authors: Zayed Mohammed , Mutaher Ba-Alwi Fadl
Published: February 2025

The emergence of data in recent years, characterized by the "6Vs" (Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity, Value, and Variability), has started the era of big data. While this data holds great potential for uncovering valuable insights and knowledge, its size presents significant challenges for analysis. This paper explores two critical big data reduction techniques: feature selection and sampling. Feature selection focuses on identifying and eliminating irrelevant or redundant features, reducing data dimensionality. Sampling, on the other hand, selects a representative subset of data points for analysis. We compare and contrast these techniques, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The paper explores when each approach is most suitable and suggest the potential benefits of combining them for even more efficient big data analysis.
Implementasi Stepping Stone Method pada Optimasi Biaya Distribusi Keramik (Studi Kasus: PT. Jui Shin Indonesia)
Authors: Pangaribuan Nia Kristina , Sitepu Suryati
Published: February 2025

Transportasi adalah salah satu masalah unik dalam linier programming. Metode transportasi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini. Dibandingkan dengan metode simpleks, metode transportasi adalah yang paling efisien. Mengalokasikan barang atau jasa dari suatu tempat (supply) ke tempat lainnya (demand) adalah masalah yang dapat diselesaikan dengan metode transportasi PT. Jui Shin Indonesia memproduksi keramik dan mengirimkannya ke berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan metode transportasi untuk memecahkan masalah transportasi yaitu Stepping Stone Method sebagai uji optimalitas. Stepping Stone Method adalah langkah maju dari Metode North West Corner untuk mendapatkan solusi terendah dan optimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan dan mengoptimalkan metode Stepping Stone dalam menghitung biaya transportasi keramik di PT. Jui Shin Indonesia dari 8 sumber ke 12 lokasi tujuan. Metode dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan penggunaan software POM-QM. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya pendistribusian keramik adalah sebesar Rp. 183.005.000. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat selisih antara biaya pendistribusian sebelumnya yaitu sebesar Rp. 13.124.000. Biaya sebelumnya yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan untuk mendistribusikan keramik adalah sebesar Rp. 196.129.000. Oleh sebab itu, Stepping Stone Method dapat membantu PT. Jui Shin Indonesia mengurangi biaya distribusi keramik dengan selisih lebih kecil.
Implementasi Metode Continuous Review Dalam Mengoptimalkan Biaya Persediaan Bahan Baku (Studi Literatur Review)
Authors: Hikmah Fitri
Published: February 2025

Persediaan bahan baku merupakan faktor yang penting dalam perusahaan, sehingga persediaan bahan baku harus mencukupi untuk dapat menjamin kebutuhan dalam kelancaran kegiatan produksi. Untuk mengatur persediaan yang optimal, maka perlu suatu sistem pengendalian persediaan. Salah satu cara mengurangi tingkat persediaan adalah dengan menggunakan metode Continuous Review. Metode Continuous Review adalah ketika persediaan mencapai titik pemesanan kembali maka akan dilakukan pemesanan sebesar Q yang akan datang setelah lead time tertentu. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat dilihat bahwa dengan data dari journal intelektual yang membahas tentang pengendalian persedian bahan PT. Indo Porcelain pada Januari – Desember 2022 tetapi menggunakan metode Continuous Review biaya persediaan bahan baku yang dikeluarkan lebih kecil daripada biaya yang dikeluarkan sebelumnya. Total biaya persediaan yang dikeluarkan sebelum menggunakan metode yaitu sebesar Rp. 367.907.226,00 dengan frekuensi pemesanan tiap bahan baku 12 kali dalam satu periode. Sedangkan dengan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) biaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp. 266.225.109,00 dengan frekuensi pemesanan bahan baku 8 kali dalam satu periode. Menggunakan metode Continuous Review mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp. 260.004.611,00 dengan ukuran pemesanan 156.573 kg dengan batas pemesanan kembali 3.240 kg. Bedasarkan hasil perhitungan tersebut metode Continuous Review biaya persediaan yang dikeluarkan lebih efisien.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS PADA MATERI POLINOMIAL BERBANTUAN APLIKASI GEOGEBRA UNTUK SISWA KELAS XISMA NEGERI 2 KEPULAUAN TANIMBAR
Authors: Bakker Julita , Ratuanik Mesak , Nifmaskossu Regina
Published: February 2025

Learning technology is used in education so that it can be used as a change in the delivery of teaching and learning in schools from conventional learning to unconventional learning. The purpose of this study is to determine the use of a problem-based mathematical learning model assisted by geogebra application to improve mathematical problem-solving skills in polynomial materials for grade XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Tanimbar Islands. The methodology used in this study is descriptive qualitative research. There are three ways that researchers use to obtain data, namely: tests, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this study are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of this study are that from the three problems given at the time of the final test which was attended by 26 students, there were 20 students who had more dominant problem solving abilities, namely being able to identify known and asked aspects and determine whether these aspects were sufficient to solve the problem. Combining the components that have been asked and known and formulating them into a mathematical model, choosing a method to solve the problem, working together to solve mathematical problems and confirming that the answer is correct and accurate, but there are 6 students who still find it difficult to sketch polynomial function graphs correctly. manually. Meanwhile, for proof using the Geogebra application, all students in class So the use of a problem-based mathematics learning model assisted by the Geogebra application can improve mathematical problem solving abilities in polynomial material for class XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Tanimbar Islands.
Judicial Independence and the EU-Switzerland Framework Treaty
Authors: Baudenbacher Carl
Published: February 2025

The European Union is about to finalise a package of sectoral treaties with Switzerland. Its goal is to institutionalise five existing treaties and to conclude three new ones. At the core of these agreements lies the dispute settlement mechanism, modelled after the EU’s agreements with the post-Soviet states of Armenia, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. This mechanism would grant the European Commission the unilateral right to bring Switzerland before an ‘arbitration tribunal’.
البناء الفني لقصائد البرعي اليمني
Authors: علي آمين حسن  , د. محمد عبدالله محمد فضل الله
Published: February 2025

خلفت الكوارث الطبيعية التي حدثت في العصر العباسي ابان فترة البحث، نتائج متنوعة على المستويين الاقتصادي والسكاني ، فمن نتائجها الاقتصادية القضاء على البنى التحتية  البسيطة في الأصل من جسور وقناطر تكاد تتناسب مع واقع الحال والمعدات المتوفرة آنذاك، إلى غمر المساحات الزراعية بالمياه في فترة الفياضانات التي تتلف المحاصيل الزراعية، إلى غمر مدن بأكملها بالمياه والقضاء على  الناس وأرزاقهم وبخاصة الحرفيين منهم ، إلى النتائج البشرية المتمثلة بالامراض والاوبئة وارتفاع عدد الوفايات وتهجير بعضهم وتغيير الديموغرافية السكانية والتأثير سلباً على الأوضاع الاجتماعية وان قامت الدولة بوسائل متعددة للمساعدة والتخفيف من نتائج الكارثة.
"إشكالية ولاية العرش في مملكة دارفور في القرن الثامن عشر"
Authors: الأمين هرون تاج الدين
Published: February 2025

تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في التساؤل الرئيسي الاتي :مامدى تأثير إشكالية ولاية العرش في مملكة دارفور؟  في القرن الثامن عشر الميلادي على الأوضاع السياسية والاجتماعية للمملكة،بهدف بيان ماهية إشكالية ولاية العرش ،وأسباب حدوثها ،وأثارها السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية .
اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التاريخي،والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي وتم اختيار اداة الملاحظة لجمع وتحليل البيانات الأولية .
اظهرت النتائج أن ولاية العهد لأكثرمن واحد ،وشيوع ظاهرة قتل الامراء من أهم أسباب إشكالية ولاية العرش في مملكة دارفور، أكدت الدراسة أن استراتيجية الزواج السلطاني أدت إلى بروز نخب جديدة في بلاط مملكة الفور،واثبتت الدراسة أن المرآة قد لعبت دورا كبيرا في صناعة وتوجيه القرار السياسي في المملكة . كما كشفت الدراسة أن هنالك أثار سياسية واجتماعية واقتصادية كبيرة نتجت عن هذه الظاهرة ،وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة توصيات في خاتمتها.
تاثير التكنولوجيا الحديثة على التعليم
Authors: أ.م.د. : محمود أحمد
Published: February 2025

يتسم العصر الحالي بالعديد من التبدلات والتحديثات المتسارعة والمتتابعة بسبب  التقـدم التكنولوجي، وقربه من المعلومة، من خلال ما وفرته وسائل التواصل للمدرس والمتعلم تقنياً ممثلة في برمجيات الحاسب الآلي، والمواقـع التعليميـة، والـتعلم الإلكتروني؛ مما يسمح لهم سهولة التفاعل الذاتي والتواصل مع مواد تعليمية متنوعـة[1].
 وتعد التقنية في تطورها المعاصر، حقبة ليس لها مثيل في السابق في التـاريخ البشـري، حقبـة تمتاز بالإثارة والتحديات والفرص الحقيقية لتغيير نهج الاتصال الإنساني كما وكيفـاً[2]. حقبـة بدأت لتوها، واستجابة لهذه التحديات والانفتاح العلمي الـذي كسـر العوائـق، وسـهل التواصل بين الشعوب، والتحوّل المتعجل الذي برز في جميع نواحي الحيـاة، إذ ألزم المؤسسات التعليمية السير على نهج الانتفاع بطرق التعليم ومسـتحدثاتها التكنولوجيـة، إذ أضاف هذا التقدم العلمي كثيرا من تقنيات التعليم الحديثة، التي يمكـن الانتفاع منها في سبيل تهيئة ساحات خبرة للمدرسين؛ حتى يتم إعدادهم وتأهيلهم لمجابهة تحديات العصر[3]، منها على سبيل المثال تحديات جائحة فيروس كورونا 2019-20  .
في ضوء هذه المستحدثات بدأ دور المعلم يتطور وينتقل من الملقن والناقل إلى الميسر والمرشد والقائد، بل تبدّلت عملية التعلم وبيئة التدريس من بيئة تقليدية تعتمد على التعلم التقليدي و حضور المعلم وسيطرته على الموقف، إلى خلق بيئة تطبق منهج العمل والتخطيط الجيد لكل مرحلة من مراحل عملية التعليم والتعلم، مع مراعاة اعتماد الطالب على نفسه وحقه في اكتساب المعلومات والمهارات المناسبة لقدراتهم ومواهبهم واتجاهاته؛ لتحقيق الأهداف المنشودة والانتقال من دور المتلقي السلبي إلى المتلقي النشط والباحث والمكتشف؛ بالممارسة التفكير الناقد وحل المشكلات[4].
 
[1] - نصر، د. حسن محمود أحمد ، تصميم البرمجيات التعليمية وإنتاجها ، كلية المعلمين، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، ط2، 1434هـ/ 2011م، ص30.
[2]  - “World Population to Hit Milestone With Birth of 7 Billionth Person”. PBS.org. 27 أكتوبر 2011. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-09-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-31
[3]  - نايف، نايف عبدالله، التعليم التقني وتحديات العصر، مجلة كلية بغداد للعلوم الإقتصادية، العدد22، 2012، ص6.
[4]  - علي، فياض عبدالله؛ حسون، رجاء كاظم؛ التعليم الإلكتروني والتعليم التقليدي، كلية بغداد للعلوم الإقتصادية الجامعة، العدد19، 2009، ص4.،
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ENTERPRISES: A PSM AND PLS-SEM APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS IN VIETNAM
Authors: Phan Khánh Duy
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study evaluates the impact of strategic management practices on the performance and sustainability outcomes of renewable energy enterprises in Vietnam. It specifically investigates the mediating roles of innovation capabilities and operational efficiency in enhancing financial and environmental performance.
Methods: A mixed-method quantitative approach was employed, integrating Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to ensure causal inference and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to explore the structural relationships between strategic practices, mediators, and outcomes. Data from 319 renewable energy enterprises in Vietnam were analyzed to assess these relationships.
Key Findings: The findings reveal that strategic management practices significantly improve both financial (β=0.35,p<0.01) and environmental (β=0.42,p<0.01) performance. Innovation capabilities and operational efficiency were confirmed as critical mediators, with innovation primarily influencing financial outcomes (β=0.15,p<0.05) and operational efficiency driving environmental performance (β=0.18,p<0.05).
Practical Implications: The study provides actionable recommendations for managers in renewable energy enterprises, emphasizing the need to foster innovation, enhance operational efficiency, and develop sustainable business models. These strategies are vital for aligning profitability with sustainability objectives in Vietnam’s rapidly expanding renewable energy sector.
Colmenas racionales y sus polizones
Authors: García Rosa , Porcel Adrián
Published: February 2025

This article develops an analysis of various video art pieces created by Spanish and South Korean artists focused on the problems of the contemporary city and the complex relationship with its inhabitants. Video creation is used in this framework as a subversive tool to question and reinterpret the symbols and meanings that establish power hierarchies, exploring the logic that affects bodies. In this way, the sense of strangeness inherent in urban life and the ability of art to demonstrate it is emphasized. By directly capturing the reciprocal interaction between the city and the subjective experiences of individuals, its potential to generate counter-discourses is revealed, proposing narratives that confront and destabilize accepted truths and existing dynamics. The cultural exchange fostered by the selection of pieces aims to show unanimity about these concerns, highlighting that they are common, regardless of the contexts in which they arise.

Este artículo desarrolla un análisis de diversas piezas de videoarte creadas por artistas españoles y surcoreanos centradas en las problemáticas de la ciudad contemporánea y la compleja relación con sus habitantes. La videocreación se emplea en este marco como una herramienta subversiva para cuestionar y reinterpretar los símbolos y significados que establecen las jerarquías de poder, explorando las lógicas que afectan a los cuerpos. De esta manera, se enfatiza la sensación de extrañeza inherente a la vida urbana y en la capacidad del arte para evidenciarla. Al capturar de manera directa la interacción recíproca entre la ciudad y las experiencias subjetivas de los individuos, se revela su potencial para generar contradiscursos, proponiendo narrativas que confrontan y desestabilizan las verdades aceptadas y las dinámicas existentes. El intercambio cultural propiciado por la selección de piezas pretende mostrar unanimidad sobre estas preocupaciones, destacando que son comunes, independientemente de los contextos en las que surgen.
Procesos de participación e identificación en la música callejera
Authors: Sors Rodríguez Susana
Published: February 2025

Partiendo de una perspectiva que observa cierta dificultad en el establecimiento de lazos sociales fuertes y duraderos en los contextos urbanos modernos, este artículo estudia cómo las personas se relacionan en situaciones de música callejera. Tomando la música callejera desde la perspectiva de la performance y mediante el método etnográfico del trabajo de campo, se observan distintos tipos de interacción social en contextos de música callejera (lenguaje corporal, comunicación verbal y el intercambio de regalos) y se expone cómo, a través de las emociones, están expresando modos de identificación con determinados grupos sociales. Se plantea la posibilidad de que algunos aspectos de la música puedan corresponderse con el arte de contexto: principalmente, se observa la música callejera en relación con dónde y cuándo se encuentra en la ciudad, así como el interés de los participantes en construir una experiencia colectiva que refuerza, aunque sea brevemente, determinados lazos sociales entre los habitantes de la ciudad. Además, se sugiere cómo, mediante las dinámicas específicas de la música callejera en contraste con otras actividades económicas, este tipo de participación musical es más propicio que otros en generar vínculos sociales.
Fotografía, arte urbano y público. Orígenes, evolución y problemática de conservación
Authors: Arenas Patiño Mireya
Published: February 2025

Dentro del arte urbano y público ha sido y es habitual el empleo de la fotografía como herramienta de documentación. No obstante, por otro lado, la fotografía como forma de expresión dentro del movimiento de arte urbano y público también está muy presente en el trabajo de diversos artistas. Para ello suelen emplear impresiones de grandes dimensiones que adhieren al muro mediante la técnica de paste up. El tipo de materiales que emplean cuentan con una problemática específica de conservación que responde a diversos mecanismos de alteración desarrollados por diversos factores y agentes de deterioro que se han identificado y agrupado. Este estudio pretende ampliar el conocimiento de los materiales que entran en juego en este tipo de obras y de cómo se comportan frente a factores extremos en el medio en el que se ubican. A su vez se hace mención a la labor del conservador-restaurador que, ante este tipo de obras, queda relegada a un importante trabajo de documentación, en donde vuelve a entrar en juego la fotografía, en este caso como herramienta de registro para la conservación de este tipo de obras de carácter efímero.
Aproximación al arte de Contexto a través de su definición
Authors: Haro Cáceres Carmen
Published: February 2025

En este artículo abordamos un análisis sobre el arte de contexto, a través del cual analizaremos, definiremos y caracterizaremos algunos conceptos clave sobre qué es el arte de contexto, contestando a algunas preguntas como qué temas trata, cuáles son las técnicas utilizadas y nos dejaremos llevar por aquellas preguntas que aún no han obtenido respuesta en lo relacionado a este nuevo arte. Para ello, nos guiaremos a través de dos líneas primordiales: el campo social y el entorno urbano, abordando cómo actúa el arte de contexto en él.
Veiting grunnþjónustu og aðgengi að þjónustu í dreifbýli á Norðurlöndum
Authors: Bogason Ágúst , Slätmo Elin
Published: February 2025

Þjónustuveiting er einn þeirra lykilþátta sem gera dreifbýlissvæði eftirsóknarverð og lífvænleg. Þættir á borð við fólksflutninga, stafvæðingu og loftslagsbreytingar hafa áhrif á bæði aðgengi að þjónustu og það hvaða þjónusta er álitin nauðsynleg fyrir daglegt líf í dreifbýli.

Í þessu stefnuyfirliti er fjallað um niðurstöður verkefnisins Service Provision and Access to Services In Nordic Rural Areas – Secure, Trusted And For All Ages auk þess sem settar eru fram tillögur að stefnumótun.
Umbætur, ekki bara skaðabætur: Tækifæri í stefnumótun í þágu réttlátra grænna umskipta
Authors: Salonen Hilma
Published: February 2025

Vaxandi áhrif loftslagsbreytinga, breyttur efnahagslegur og pólitískur veruleiki og nýleg orkukreppa hafa gert það að verkum að flestir Norðurlandabúar telja græn umskipti nauðsynleg. Framleiðsla endurnýjanlegrar orku er dreifðari en framleiðsla á jarðefnaeldsneyti eða kjarnorku og því hefur hún veruleg áhrif á landslag og landnotkun. Fyrir vikið eru norræn dreifbýlissvæði mikilvæg þegar kemur að því að uppfylla markmið um græn umskipti. Þó eru nú þegar teikn á lofti um að umbreytingarferlið muni hafa misjöfn áhrif í þéttbýli annars vegar og dreifbýli hins vegar og skilja svæði sem nú þegar eru jaðarsett enn frekar eftir.

Hvernig getum við tryggt réttlátari græn umskipti í dreifbýli? Með tillögum þessa stefnuyfirlits er leitast við að svara þessari spurningu í því augnamiði að yfirstíga algeng vandamál sem tengjast grænum orkuverkefnum og jafnframt að stuðla að því að heimafólk upplifi réttlæti.
Tillhandahållande av och tillgång till tjänster på nordiska landsbygder
Authors: Bogason Ágúst , Elin Slätmo
Published: February 2025

Tillhandahållandet av tjänster är en av de viktigaste faktorerna som gör landsbygdsområden attraktiva och levande. Pågående händelser som migrationsströmmar, digitaliseringen och klimatförändringarnas effekter påverkar tillgången till tjänster och synen på vilka tjänster som är essentiella i vardagen på landsbygden.

Det här policysammandraget sammanfattar resultaten av projektet Service Provision and Access to Services In Nordic Rural Areas – Secure, Trusted And For All Ages och presenterar några policyrekommendationer.
Vesentlig tjenestetilbud og tilgang til tjenester i nordiske distrikter
Authors: Bogason Ágúst , Slätmo Elin
Published: February 2025

Tjenestetilbud er en av nøkkelfaktorene for å gjøre distriktene attraktive og levedyktige. Nyere og pågående utviklinger, som migrasjonsstrømmer, digitalisering og effektene av klimaendringer, påvirker tjenestetilgjengeligheten og oppfatningen av hvilke tjenester som er vesentlige for hverdagslivet i distriktene.

Denne policyrapporten oppsummerer resultatene av prosjektet Service Provision and Access to Services In Nordic Rural Areas – Secure, Trusted And For All Ages i tillegg til å presentere politiske anbefalinger.
Traumatic brain injury in the Central Denmark Region 2014-2021
Authors: Trier Frederik , Bergholt Bo , Fjølner Jesper , Kirkegaard Hans , Raaber Nikolaj
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The TBI population has changed in recent years. We aimed to characterise TBI patients treated at the major trauma centre in the Central Denmark Region from 2014 to 2021.

METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with TBI admitted by trauma team activation from 2014 to 2021. Patients were stratified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale into mild TBI (mTBI), moderate to severe TBI (sTBI) and polytrauma TBI (pTBI).

RESULTS. A total of 1,543 consecutive adult TBI patients were included. The median age peaked in 2021 at 55 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥ 65 years was 31.9%. In 2021, the incidence of sTBI was 7.8/105 inhabitants, and the incidence of pTBI was 3.1/105 inhabitants. From 2014 to 2021, the 30-day mortality of mTBI, sTBI and pTBI remained unchanged at 1.7%, 17.5% and 25.5%, respectively. During the study period, patients aged ≥ 65 years with sTBI and pTBI had an odds ratio for 30-day mortality of 4.98 and 2.23, respectively, compared to patients aged 16-64 years. In the entire cohort, road traffic collision was the most common mechanism of injury for mTBI (28.1%) and pTBI (28.8%), and fall injuries was the most common mechanism of injury for sTBI (43.3%).

CONCLUSIONS. The median age and the proportion of elderly TBI is rising. From 2014 to 2021, the 30-day mortality of mTBI, sTBI and pTBI remained unchanged at 1.7%, 17.5% and 25.5%, respectively. Fall injuries cause more than a third of all TBI.

FUNDING. Department funding only.

TRIAL REGISTRATION. The Central Denmark Region and the Hospital Board of Directors approved the study (reference 1-16-02-339-23).
Biomarkers in dementia disorders – a narrative review
Authors: Hasselbalch Steen Gregers
Published: February 2025

With the introduction of specific or unspecific biomarkers, the diagnosis of dementia disorders has changed from a purely clinical to a biological construct. This review presents biomarkers for the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Specific biomarkers for misfolded proteins have been developed for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Unspecific biomarkers for neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation may also be helpful in diagnosing or staging dementia disorders.
Cervical osteophytes as a cause of dysphagia
Authors: Gam-Jensen Matias , Schou Katrine
Published: February 2025

Dysphagia can be a servere symptom, which can be divided into upper and lower dysphagia. This case presents a healthy 81-year-old who, over six years, experienced a progressive degree of dysphagia and reduced quality of life, where the cause was due to cervical osteophytes requiring neurosurgical treatment. Dysphagia should not be attributed to normal aging. A thorough medical history is essential for a good patient outcome and the correct investigation of the cause.
Life-threatening cardiotoxicity with rifampicin, fucidic acid, and itraconazole
Authors: Reiter Nanna , Tarp Julie Bjerre , Møller-Sørensen Hasse , Østergaard Morten , Kjærgaard Jesper , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard
Published: February 2025

We describe in this case review of life-threatening cardiotoxicity and the need for ECMO treatment following rifampicin, fusidic acid, and itraconazole intake in a previously healthy 19-year-old rifampicin-naive man. The pronounced cardiotoxicity, despite a relatively low dose of rifampicin (9 g), was due to the concurrent intake of itraconazole and fusidic acid, which inhibit the elimination of rifampicin. This case illustrates the importance of considering drug interactions in unforeseen clinical scenarios and the possibility of bridging with ECMO to organ recovery in cases of life-threatening poisoning.
Spatial prioritization of urban green open space development using weighted overlay analysis
Authors: Maulitayanti Dani
Published: February 2025

Background: Urban areas are ecosystems where plants, animals, humans, and infrastructure interact. Green open spaces (RTH) like parks are vital in cities for facilitating this interaction. However, rapid urbanization and limited land often lead to the conversion of green spaces into built-up areas, which increases urban temperatures, disrupts ecosystems, and lowers the quality of life for city dwellers. The allocation of RTH development is often not aligned with the community's actual needs. This study aims to determine the priority locations for RTH development in Mataram City using the Weighted Overlay method in the ArcGIS application. Method: This study employs a qualitative approach using spatial analysis through the Weighted Overlay method in ArcGIS. Three key variables are considered: the comfort index (THI), vegetation density (NDVI), and population density. The data from these variables are combined to assess and prioritize areas in Mataram City for RTH development. Findings: The analysis shows that the sub-districts of Mataram and Cakranegara have the highest priority for RTH development, based on the combined analysis of comfort index, vegetation density, and population density. These areas require more green space to improve environmental quality and meet the community’s needs. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of prioritizing RTH development in Mataram and Cakranegara sub-districts. It suggests that urban planning policies in Mataram City should focus on these areas to enhance urban living conditions and mitigate environmental degradation caused by limited green spaces. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research is unique in applying the Weighted Overlay method in ArcGIS to evaluate and prioritize RTH locations based on multiple urban variables. It provides valuable insights for urban planners, offering a data-driven approach to address the challenges of green space distribution in urban environments.